bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-yield production of lignin nanoparticle photonic glasses
Authors: Thalakkale Veettil Unnimaya , Huertas-Alonso Alberto J. , Plivelic Tomás S. , Sipponen Mika H.
Published: January 2025

High-yield lignin nanoparticles produced using ethanol as solvent generate photonic glasses with tunable colors, offering a sustainable route to advanced materials from diverse lignin sources.
Development and evaluation of a microfluidic human testicular tissue chip: a novel in vitro platform for reproductive biology and pharmacology studies
Authors: Shen Jiaming , Wang Xinlong , Yang Chenghua , Ren Guanyu , Wang Lei , Piao Shuguang , Zhang Boyang , Sun Weihao , Ge Xie , Jing Jun , Xiang Yijian , He Zhaowanyue , Wang Linhui , Yao Bing , Liu Zhiyong
Published: January 2025

Organ-on-a-chip culture systems using human organ tissues provide invaluable preclinical insights into systemic functions in vitro.
A single microfluidic device for multi-omics analysis sample preparation
Authors: Kumar Ranjith Kumar Ravi , Haddad Iman , Ndiaye Massamba Mbacké , Marbouty Martial , Vinh Joëlle , Verdier Yann
Published: January 2025

The ChipFilter device is suited to prepare microorganism samples for parallel proteomic and genomic analyses, which is particularly relevant in the case of low-abundant samples and drastically reduces sampling bias.
Investigation of the reaction mechanism and conditions in ammonia borane alcoholysis with different alcohols (CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, and (CH2OH)2)
Authors: Yang Bingke , Li Haojie , Yao Zhen , Xing LiLi , Wang Xuetao , Zhu Yilin
Published: January 2025

The effects of different types of alcohols on hydrogen production by ammonia borane alcoholysis were studied. The adsorption properties of AB and different alcohols on Ru metal at different pressures and temperatures were investigated.
CeO2-enhanced surface reconstruction of Ni3S2 nanosheets for improved urea-assisted water splitting performance
Authors: Shang Jiale , Wei Tong , Yan Xiaoqing , Fang Zheng , Du Leilei , Shi Jichao , Sultana Fozia , Li Tongtong , Li Renhong
Published: January 2025

Ni3S2–CeO2/NF enhances urea-assisted water splitting by promoting surface reconstruction and urea adsorption, and optimizing HER kinetics through synergistic interactions.
Laser-drilled functional wood materials show improved dimensional stability upon humidity changes – a neutron imaging analysis
Authors: Ding Yong , Shakoorioskooie Mahdieh , Mannes David , Zhang Zhidong , Chernyshov Dmitry , Burgert Ingo
Published: January 2025

In situ golden ratio tomography revealed that the laser drilling process is crucial for decoupling dimensional changes of wood from moisture uptake.
Environmentally friendly regeneration of graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries for sustainable anode material reuse
Authors: Natarajan Subramanian , Mae Tomotaro , Teah Heng Yi , Sakurai Hiroki , Noda Suguru
Published: January 2025

Sustainable regeneration of graphite anodes through novel treatments boosts performance and supports circular economy in batteries.
Anion exchange polymer membrane (AEPM)-based separators: an unexplored frontier for ZAB and AAB systems
Authors: Swain Suchhanda S. , Swain Amit Kumar , Jena Bikash Kumar
Published: January 2025

We explored and summarized AEPMs as suitable separators for ZABs and AABs. The specific rationales behind the shortened lifespan of the anode have been addressed. The role of the AEPM in mitigating the issues is also discussed.
Anti-freezing polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolyte for rapid response self-powered electrochromic devices
Authors: Ge Rui , Xiao Xiudi , Chen Lirong , Jiang Chengyu , Nie Youliang , Zhu Yanqing , Zhong Liuwen , Xu Gang
Published: January 2025

A frost-resistant hydrogel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity at −40 °C has been developed for wearable Zn//WO3−x electrochromic devices.
Tuning molecular assembly to enhance azobenzene-based solar thermal fuel efficiency
Authors: Sahu Saugata , Behera Santosh Kumar
Published: January 2025

The intermolecular interactions of the photoswitches can be tuned by controlling the assembly of the photoswitches within the STF materials to achieve efficient STF materials.
Etching strategies induced multihierarchical structures of MOFs and their derivatives for gas sensing applications: a review
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Lv He , Xu Yan
Published: January 2025

Three distinct etching strategies for MOFs, involving pore engineering, chemical modification, and phase conversion are reviewed to explore how pore structure, defects, composition, and morphology influence gas sensing performance.
Inpatient Audiologic Services Facilitate Early Hearing Detection
Authors: Zemba Angie , Vaughan Chloe , Gerth Holly , Guerra Gina , Benedict Jason , Findlen Ursula M.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Infants needing neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) intervention have protracted timelines for diagnosis after not passing their newborn hearing screening despite being at higher risk for congenital hearing loss. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of early hearing detection for infants with a history of NICU admission. The secondary aim was to determine if diagnostic audiology services within the NICU setting accelerated diagnosis and intervention.

Method:

A retrospective chart review was completed for infants referred for diagnostic audiologic testing from 2018 to 2021 at a tertiary urban-setting children's hospital. After exclusion criteria were applied, 367 infants with NICU history were included in the analysis. Various factors were recorded from electronic medical records. Time to diagnosis was derived and compared across (a) NICU location, (b) insurance type, and (c) race/ethnicity.

Results:

Analysis of infants with NICU history revealed that 70% of infants had a diagnosis by 3 months corrected age. The level of in-NICU audiologic care did not significantly impact corrected age at diagnosis; however, loss to follow-up (LTFU) rates were higher for NICUs that did not provide in-hospital diagnostic services (10.0%) when compared to the NICU setting with inpatient audiology services (6.8%). In-NICU testing occurred on average 5.7 weeks prior to discharge, expediting diagnosis of hearing status compared to having to wait for an outpatient evaluation after discharge.

Conclusions:

Timely hearing detection is feasible in the medically complex NICU population. Inpatient audiology diagnostic testing may help reduce LTFU and facilitate early hearing detection and intervention.
Performance Characteristics of Vortex Wind Turbines with The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Aided Simulation
Authors: Rusianto Toto , Sudarsono  , Kristiyana Samuel , Purwanto Yuli
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper present research on vortex wind turbines that is referred to as wind turbines without propellers or bladeless. The innovation of the vortex lies in its unique shape and the way it harnesses energy through oscillating motion. The mast column oscillates with the wind, harnessing the von Karman vortices generated as the fluid passes through the column structure. This paper presents the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a vortex wind turbine with 6 and 7 inch diameter cylinders at various wind speeds. The voltage generated by a vortex wind turbine with a cylinder diameter of 6 inches was measured under realistic conditions to evaluate the wind turbine’s performance in terms of output power generator due to vortex generation. The result of the research show wind speeds as low as 5 m/s that the vortex wind turbines may already exhibit generator-induced oscillations. Vibrations can be obtained using either CFD simulations or measurement results in actual conditions that the vibrations can generate a generator to produce electric voltage.
The impact of knowledge, perception, and safety training on fishermen’s safety behavior in Semarang
Authors: Diani Laksono Azalia , Setyaningsih Yuliani , Lestantyo Daru
Published: January 2025

Fishing is among hazardous occupations, especially in coastal areas where environmental conditions and occupational risks are heightened. This study aims to address the critical research problem of understanding the factors that influence safety behavior among fishermen in Semarang City, with a specific focus on education level, knowledge, perception, and occupational health and safety training. A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 116 fishermen, selected through accidental sampling. The study examined several variables, including knowledge, perception, and safety behavior. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using chi-square tests to assess the associations between these variables. The results show no significant relationship between education level and safety behavior (p = 0.317), but a significant relationship was found between knowledge and safety behavior (p = 0.003), perception and safety behavior (p = 0.000), and safety training and safety behavior (p = 0.000). These findings suggest that safety knowledge, perceptions, and training play a critical role in shaping safe practices among fishermen. The study underscores the importance of enhancing educational efforts and promoting positive safety perceptions to improve safety behavior in this high-risk occupation.
Drop-out to follow up screening of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia from national health insurance data 2022-2024
Authors: Kresnowati Lily , Suhartono Suhartono , Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Widjanarko Bagoes
Published: January 2025

Diabetes poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in Indonesia where 10.7 million people are affected, and this is predicted to increase to 13.7 million by 2030. Diabetes rates in Indonesia continue to rise and are predicted to affect younger age groups, highlighting the need to strengthen preventive efforts, one of which is conducting earlier DM screening. This study examines the dropout rates in follow-up screenings for diabetes mellitus (DM) among members of Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (BPJS) from 2022 to June 2024. The research utilizes a descriptive method. The research variables are the number of BPJS membership, the percentage of Health screening, the percentage of DM risk from screening, the number of follow up, and the results of DM test. The analysis technique uses descriptive analysis. Nationally, the follow-up rate of screening increase from 1.81% in 2022 to 1.98% in 2023. Despite a slight recovery to 1.25% by mid-2024. The mean of follow-up rate nationally to 1.73%. These findings indicate the need for educational campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of DM screening and follow-up care. Further research is necessary to conduct a partial analysis related to community characteristics and factors influencing follow-up screening for DM.
Recent trends in conversion of rice straw into bioethanol: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Cahaya Titisan Sukma Andhika , Budiyono Budiyono , Ni’matullah Al-Baarri Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Second-generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass, such as rice straw, is the optimal choice for development due to its abundant availability, sustainability, and lack of competition with food sources. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on bioethanol production from rice straw was conducted to identify research trends, knowledge gaps, and provide suggestions for further investigation. A total of 483 relevant publications from 2004 to June 2024 were gathered from the Scopus database. The bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer. India emerged as the most productive country, while the United States emerged as the most influential country with the highest Total Citation to Total Publication ratio. According to the keyword occurrence analysis, the terms “rice straw,” “production,” “fermentation,” and “bioethanol” are the most commonly cited terms in all publications. Keyword analysis also indicates the recent research focus, which has predominantly centered on the pretreatment of rice straw. The results of the bibliometric study offer a comprehensive overview and suggest future directions for bioethanol production from rice straw.
Factors associated with urban and sub-urban communities in implementing urban agriculture: A case study in Central Java
Authors: Pranadita Natasya Erischa , Antriyandarti Ernoiz , Rahayu Wiwit
Published: January 2025

The development of the agricultural sector often faced with various problems, one of which is the widespread land conversion that occurs in urban and suburban areas. One way to overcome the problem of decreasing land area is to develop urban agriculture. This study aims to assess the adoption of urban agriculture practices in urban and suburban communities, analyze their interest in implementing these practices, and identify the factors that influence this interest. Utilizing descriptive the research reveals that suburban communities exhibit a higher interest in urban agriculture compared to urban communities. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to to analyze the factors that influence interest in implementing urban agriculture. Key factors influencing this interest include education level, which has a negative impact; income level and land area, both of which positively influence interest. Interestingly, age does not significantly affect the willingness to adopt urban agriculture. By enhancing community awareness and improving accessibility could further promote urban agriculture adoption, particularly in suburban areas.
Adat tapsila representation of the transformation of communication, information, and education of local wisdom wetu telu in efforts for environmental conservation in North Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Sutama I Wayan , Pawito Pawito , Hastjarjo Sri , Demartoto Argyo
Published: January 2025

Climate change and environmental degradation pose global threats, requiring indigenous knowledge and practices like the Tapsila tradition in North Lombok, Indonesia. This research examines the Tapsila customs as a representation of transformation in information communication and education, using Donal Carbaugh’s naturalizing culture theory. The ethnographic approach is used, with in-depth interviews and participatory observation of rituals and environmental management practices. The study aims to capture the complexity of meaning in the
Tapsila customs and their role in conserving the environment. The Tapsila tradition, a traditional wisdom of the Wetu Telu community, offers a comprehensive approach to sustainable environmental management. It encompasses customs governing the relationship between humans, deity, and nature. The method of land clearing involves four ngelokaq, including the
pemangku, jintaka, penghulu, and
mekel. The leader conducts a site inspection termed “
menjango” to ascertain suitable areas for establishing rice fields. The caretaker and village chief determine rituals and allocate water supply. Customary law is enforced, and infractions result in sanctions. This tradition integrates spiritual, socio-cultural, and ecological dimensions, aiming to establish a comprehensive approach to climate change while respecting indigenous knowledge. Communication functions as a conduit between local knowledge and modernization, promoting direct engagement of the younger generation in traditional practices.
Implementation of Lean Construction and Risk Management for Waste Identification in the Jragung Dam Construction Project Package 2
Authors: Hanif Adriantama Muhammad , Agung Wibowo Mochammad , Utomo Dwi Hatmoko Jati
Published: January 2025

PT Wijaya Karya (Persero) Tbk, a leading state-owned construction enterprise, faces significant waste management challenges that have caused financial losses in previous projects. This study applies lean construction and risk management to identify waste and risks in the Jragung Dam Construction Project Package 2. Waste identification began with brainstorming sessions with the project management team, followed by a borda questionnaire to prioritize waste using the pareto principle. 5-whys discussions were then used to determine the risks causing critical waste. These risks were categorized using the Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) and analysed through Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), with risks plotted on a cartesian diagram based on Risk Priority Number (RPN) and Risk Severity Value (RSV). The four critical waste types identified were defects (20.05%), waiting (19.80%), over-processing (17.79%), and overproduction (14.04%). The highest-priority risks were unfinished diversion channels (RPN 108, RSV 36), geological issues found (RPN 105, RSV 35), and design revision (RPN 96, RSV 32). The benefit of this research is a systematic approach for identifying waste through lean construction and risk management principles, facilitating targeted waste identification. This process is expected to help the company make informed decisions, enhancing project efficiency and reducing potential financial losses.
Sustainable waste management assessment for Kota Lama Semarang heritage area
Authors: Milasari Titik Dinna , Purwanto  , Luqman Yanuar
Published: January 2025

The implementation of waste management is a recurring challenge in Indonesia, particularly in tourist areas. In practice, there is a positive correlation between the increase in waste volume and tourism activities. Kota Lama Semarang, a heritage tourism site, serves as a hub for trade and tourism, attracting numerous domestic and international visitors has led to a rise in waste volume posing risks to urban resilience. Furthermore, sustainable waste management can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and support climate resilience. This study examines the implementation of sustainable waste management in the Heritage Area of Kota Lama Semarang using a quantitative approach. Data collection methods such as questionnaires, field observations, interviews, and document review. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively to evaluate the implementation of sustainable waste management in Kota Lama Semarang. The results indicate that waste management practices in the Kota Lama area have achieved a degree of sustainability, particularly concerning physical and non-physical components. As a result, waste management in the Kota Lama area remains under control. Additionally, it is crucial to foster collaboration among stakeholders and implement waste sorting practices such Waste Bank to promoting a circular economy in waste management.
Public perception of the management of medical B3 waste and wastewater at health centers in Rejang Lebong Regency
Authors: Anggreni Dewi , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief , Muhammad Fuad
Published: January 2025

Final processing of medical B3 waste using an improper incinerator can produce GHG emissions and release pollutants into the air. Disposal of wastewater that does not meet quality standards or is not managed into the environment can pollute surface water and groundwater. This study examines public perceptions of the management of medical B3 waste and wastewater at health centers in Rejang Lebong Regency. The results of questionnaire data processing from 105 respondents stated that the public considered the health centers to have carried out good medical B3 waste management of 79.62%, and wastewater management of 72.76%. Efforts to improve the performance of medical B3 waste and wastewater management, namely: (a) increasing efforts to reduce, reuse and recycle, such as reusing hemodialysis jerrycans, recycling infusion bottles and PPE, and composting of sludge from IPAL processing; (b) increasing efforts to sort medical B3 waste; (c) adjusting the design of the B3 waste TPS and providing cold storage; (d) providing and repairing IPAL; (e) increasing the capacity of waste management officer; and (f) increasing the allocation of costs for environmental management and monitoring. Implementing these efforts can minimize the impact on health and the environment and help achieve SDGs 6 and 12.
Optimization of consortia Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oculata in remediation of palm oil mill effluent
Authors: Amalia Andin Vita , Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih , Christwardana Marcelinus
Published: January 2025

The palm oil industry in Indonesia produces abundant production waste, including solid, liquid, and gas forms. The management of palm oil mill wastewater (POME) is still not optimal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the remediation of palm oil wastewater using a consortium of Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oculata. The study analyzed (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, salinity, and microalgae cell density at various POME concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The results showed that a POME concentration of 50% produced the highest total microalgae cell density at 774 x 10³ cells/mL. A significant decrease in salinity (18%) was observed at a POME concentration of 75% with a microalgae consortium. The effective pH for the microalgae consortium is between 8-9. In addition, the microalgae consortium effectively reduced COD by 70.3% and reduced TSS by 46.74%. Therefore, the consortium of Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oculata has potential in the remediation of POME waste.
Factors affecting community participation in the waste bank in sukoharjo regency: Implications for circular economy
Authors: Dara Sari Lusia , Marwanti Sri , Barokah Umi
Published: January 2025

Waste management is a challenge in various regions, such as Sukoharjo Regency, where waste generation reached 361.92 tons per day in 2022. One approach to addressing this issue is the establishment of waste banks. Waste banks engage in activities such as buying, selling, and processing waste, which are all part of the circular economy concept. The success of waste bank operations depends on community participation. This study aims to identify the factors influencing community participation in waste bank programs and to determine the relationship between participation and the circular economy. This research used binary logistic regression analysis and causal loop diagram (CLD) modeling. The results indicate that the variables of knowledge and socialization related to waste significantly affect community participation. The CLD model illustrates that the relationship between socialization and knowledge is mutually “reinforcing,” while the relationship between socialization, knowledge, participation, and the circular economy is “balancing.” These findings highlight the importance of improving waste-related knowledge through regular and effective socialization efforts. The increase in participation in waste bank activities will boost the amount of waste processed and have the potential to be integrated with other sectors.
Evaluation of the Grojogan Sewu Twa management block, Karanganyar regency, Central Java Province, area 64,124 Ha
Authors: Heriyaningtyas Evi
Published: January 2025

Grojogan Sewu Nature Tourism Park (TWA) was designated as a tourism park based on the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture Number 264/Kpts/Um/10/1968 with an area of 64.30 Ha in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province. The document for the arrangement of the management block of TWA Grojogan Sewu has been legalized through the Decree of the Director General of KSDAE Number SK. 191 / KSDAE / SET / SET.0 / 7/2016 dated 1 July 2016 on the Arrangement of the Management Block of the Grojogan Sewu Nature Tourism Park , Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province with an area of 61.7 Ha. Considerations in conducting a review of the management block are: (1). There is a difference between the area of the block arrangement document and the area on the determination map, (2). There is a refinement of the block document as a basis for making policies for the management of the Grojogan Sewu TWA.
A comparative study of machine learning algorithms for fall detection in technology-based healthcare system: Analyzing SVM, KNN, decision tree, random forest, LSTM, and CNN
Authors: Afuan Lasmedi , Isnanto R. Rizal
Published: January 2025

Fall detection is a major challenge in the development of technology-based healthcare systems, particularly in elderly care. This study aims to compare the performance of six classification algorithms: Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree, Random Forest, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in detecting fall incidents using wearable sensor data such as accelerometers and gyroscopes. The research utilizes a dataset consisting of 1,428 training samples and 573 testing samples, evaluated using a 10-fold cross-validation technique. The results show that CNN and LSTM deliver the best performance with accuracies of 94% and 92%, while Random Forest offers a good balance between accuracy and processing time. SVM and KNN exhibit faster processing times but slightly lower accuracies, at 87% and 84%, respectively. The superiority of CNN and LSTM in detecting more complex fall patterns aligns with previous studies emphasizing the capabilities of deep learning models in sensor data classification. The implications of these findings that the selection of fall detection algorithms must consider system priorities, whether focused on high accuracy or processing efficiency. Additionally, this research opens avenues for optimizing deep learning models and leveraging edge computing technologies to reduce response times in wearable device applications.
The climate change influence on Indonesia medicinal plants: A review
Authors: Ngezahayo Eric , Komariah Komariah , Masykuri Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Indonesia has high biodiversity and is well-known for its medicinal plant diversity, which is both singular and globally affluent. Due to their secondary metabolite efficacy for various ailments; medicinal plants are commercially and highly useful to human. Secondary metabolites assure the plant from abiotic and biotic stressors and aid pollination and fruit distribution. However, the changing climate, deforestation, population growth, overharvesting and the unsustainable manner of medicinal plant collection for trade, may drive many populations extinct. The study aimed to review some climate change effects on Indonesian medicinal plants as potential medicine sources for discovery and human being development. By reviewing with emphasis how each of the individual factors affects the growth, development and plant secondary metabolites production. This review illustrates a common figure of environmental factors such as temperature, drought, and CO2 that affect Indonesia’s medicinal plants. It is evident that climate change is having a detrimental influence on existing resources’ life cycles, medicinal plant quality and production, habitat fragmentation, shifting distribution ranges, phenology pattern changes, etc. Compared to other commercial crops, medicinal plant research on climate change is infrequent and limited. The study suggests some different adaptive techniques be used to mitigate climatic challenges and preserve medicinal plants.
Gambling advertising regulation in Ghana: what do we know and where to next?
Authors: Badu Emmanuel , Crawford Gemma , Hallett Jonathan , Leavy Justine E.
Published: January 2025

In Ghana and many other sub-Saharan African countries gambling advertising has become pervasive due to weak regulations that allow gambling operators to zealously promote their products as a risk-free way to make money. In this commentary, we provide a public health perspective based on document analysis of the Ghana Gaming Commission’s guidelines on advertisements, and recommendations for strengthening Ghana’s gambling regulatory environment. With the industry intensifying its focus on new markets to grow and sustain profits, and new global players entering Ghana’s market, the competition for market share will most likely intensify with an associated and aggressive increase in gambling advertising. Accordingly, a strengthened gambling advertising regulation underpinned by public health principles is required to restrict advertising across all forms of media and regulate advertising content. The next step for public health action should focus on advocating for new gambling advertising regulations and a review of the Gaming (gambling) Act.
3D Stokes flow in a bumpy curved channel
Authors: Okechi Nnamdi Fidelis
Published: January 2025

Three-dimensional (3D) Stokes flow of an incompressible fluid in a curved channel is analyzed. The flow field and characteristics under the influence of 3D surface bumps are studied. A mathematical model describing the 3D complex flow in the curvilinear geometry is formulated and validated. The solution of the coupled system of quasilinear partial differential equations associated with the model is obtained analytically. The behavior of the velocity distribution as the fluid moves through the undulating passage of the bumpy curved channel is examined and explained for each velocity component. The analysis of this flow problem indicates that the velocity vector of the flow is significantly altered by the presence of the structures on the bounding bumpy surfaces, depending on the alignment of the bumps. Furthermore, it is found that the difference between the flow rate in the bumpy curved channel and that in a smooth curved channel is essentially a function of the geometric characteristics of the surface bumps and the curved channel. Notably, the flow in a bumpy straight channel is a limiting case of that in the bumpy curved channel, but the overall effect of the bumps is more significant for a bumpy curved channel.
Bragg scattering of surface gravity waves by a graded array of surface-piercing porous barriers of arbitrary configurations: A numerical approach
Authors: Chanda A. , Appandairaj R. , Vijay K. G. , Sahoo T. , Meylan M. H.
Published: January 2025

We implement porous breakwaters to mitigate the effects of wave loads on diverse marine structures and to dissipate excess wave energy, thereby establishing a tranquil zone. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of wave scattering by a graded array of surface-piercing vertical porous barriers of different configurations, namely, (a) monotonically decreasing, (b) monotonically increasing, (c) convex, (d) concave, and (e) uniform patterns. The barriers are assumed to adhere to quadratic pressure boundary conditions to accurately model energy dissipation with variations in wave height, a factor often overlooked when using Darcy's law. A generalized technique using the dual boundary element method (DBEM) is devised to solve the boundary value problem efficiently. The accuracy of the present study is confirmed by comparing them with the results available for particular structural configurations. It can be seen that wave energy reflects less and dissipates more for respective cases of barrier configurations with moderate porosity and barrier spacing. The practical interest in this problem stems from the result that the configuration with a monotonically increasing pattern is found to be the best wave energy dissipative system among other configurations considered in the study. The frequency domain results are used to simulate the surface elevation in the time domain, using the Fourier transform to demonstrate the wave propagation in the presence of barriers. Significantly, the outcomes of this study are anticipated to be valuable for optimizing the designs of such wave barriers, and the results have implications for harnessing energy from ocean waves.
Non-contact electroacoustic tomography with optical interferometer for electroporation therapy monitoring
Authors: Xu Yifei , Song Yuchen , Sun Leshan , Chen Zhongping , Xiang Liangzhong
Published: January 2025

Electroacoustic imaging is an imaging modality used to detect electric field energy distribution during electroporation, offering valuable guidance for clinical procedures, particularly in deep tissues. Traditionally, single-element piezoelectric transducers or arrays have been employed for this purpose. However, these piezoelectric sensors are sensitive to electromagnetic interference and require physical contact with the sample through a coupling medium, raising concerns for both clinical and preclinical applications. To overcome these limitations, a multi-channel random quadrature ultrasonics system has been developed, enabling non-contact detection of electroacoustic signals. In this study, we demonstrated that this non-contact technique effectively detects electroacoustic signals, identifies electroporation regions, and reconstructs electric energy distribution, offering a promising approach for monitoring electroporation therapy.
Low-energy electron scattering for plasma-assisted low temperature combustion: C2H6 and C2H5
Authors: Ding Zi , Liu Linhua
Published: January 2025

Electron-molecule scattering plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of plasma flow processes and the complex flow behavior of plasma. Clarification of the mechanism requires large, complete and consistent cross-sectional data. Ethane (C2H6) is a primary component of natural gas and an intermediate product in the combustion of heavier alkanes, such as propane. Understanding the electron molecular scattering process is essential for elucidating the reaction mechanisms of alkanes and enhancing combustion efficiency. In this study, we adopted the R-matrix method via Quantemol electron collisions to develop a complete set for electron collision with C2H6 and its radical, C2H5. We compared our computational data for the e−–C2H6 scattering with more experimental and theoretical results wherever possible, and our results are in good agreement with the experimental and theoretical results. This set of cross-sectional data should contribute to more accurately characterizing and understanding the kinetic mechanisms of plasma-assisted low temperature combustion.
Volume of fluid approach for modeling nappe flow over hydraulic structures
Authors: Roy-Biswas Tirtha , Singh Pankaj
Published: January 2025

Accurate simulation of the air–water interface of the overflowing sheet of water in weirs, referred to as nappe, is a challenging prospect from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling point of view. This study presents a systematic analysis of the widely used interface-capturing volume of fluid (VOF) technique for simulating nappe profiles, which has not received adequate attention in existing literature. Popular CFD codes employ the partial VOF (pVOF) method, which solves for a combined air–water flow and demarcates the free surface using an advection equation for the VOF function. The study finds that the coupled Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-pVOF model performs poorly in capturing non-aerated nappe flows. Moreover, the study shows that the choice of the turbulence closure model adopted has a negligible impact on the pVOF model outcome. Conversely, the study demonstrates that the original VOF approach, called TruVOF, which computes the flow only in the liquid regions, precisely simulates the nappe flow structure. The model performances are validated using the water level, velocity, and pressure distribution data from laboratory observations from a wide range of experiments conducted using weirs with square edged or rounded entrance. In addition, the study thoroughly examines the laminar modeling approach for simulating the nappe flow characteristics. This study demonstrates that the coupled laminar-TruVOF approach produces results that are at par with the RANS-TruVOF approach and presents a computationally inexpensive yet precise numerical tool for estimating the critical nappe flow characteristics and may be efficiently used to analyze the head-discharge characteristics of weirs.
Center mode instability of a dilute particle-laden swirling jet in a swirl flow combustor
Authors: Warrier Srikumar , Tomar Gaurav
Published: January 2025

Linear stability of a locally parallel annular swirling jet laden with particles in a swirl flow combustor is considered. At low Stokes numbers, the eigenspectra of the particle-laden jet with a uniform particle concentration show three unstable modes, namely, center, sinuous, and varicose modes. As the Stokes number is increased to unity, the growth rates of the center and shear layer modes reduce compared to that of the unladen swirling jet. The magnitude of the velocity eigenmodes peaks in the vortex core and decays radially outward. The variation in particle concentration occurs mostly in the vortex core and almost none in the shear layer. The strength of the flow reversal at the jet centerline is given by the backflow parameter. An increase in the backflow parameter increases the growth rate of the center mode. Non-uniformity in the base-state particle concentration is introduced using a Gaussian function varying in the radial direction, and a reduction in the growth rate of the center mode is seen compared to the uniform particle concentration profile. When the location of the peak of the base-state particle concentration profile is inside the vortex core, the center modes are stable. Linearized vorticity budget analysis reveals that this is accompanied by a decrease in the net generation of perturbation vorticity in the axial direction and increased radial and azimuthal perturbation vorticities.
Influence of void ratio distribution on gas transport pattern in non-uniform extraction zones
Authors: Xu Chao , Guo Lin , Wang Kai , Su Mingqing , Wang Wenjing , Yang Tong , Yuan Yongwang , Hu Yuanyuan
Published: January 2025

In China, deep coal seam mining has become commonplace. In order to increase the efficiency of gas extraction from coal seams, lower the frequency of gas-powered disasters, and help reduce carbon emissions, it is crucial to strengthen gas extraction in the airspace and fissure zones of the deep high-gas coal seam. As the fissures in the extraction zone are non-uniformly distributed, the non-uniform distribution of the void ratio (VR) in the extraction zone has an important influence on the gas transport law. To further increase the efficiency of coal seam gas extraction, it is crucial to optimize the technical parameters of extraction through numerical simulation. Thus, using the 15 211 comprehensive mining face of the Pingshu coal mine as the research object, this paper establishes two-dimensional and three-dimensional void rate models of the non-uniform mining area using a combination of theoretical derivation, numerical simulation, and field test. It also investigates the mining area's gas transport law and the distribution of gas concentration (GC) in the high and low level roadways under the distribution of various void rates. The study shows that the VR at the bottom plate of the extraction zone is distributed in the shape of a “slide”; in the vertical direction, the VR shows an exponential decreasing trend; when the VR is set to be distributed in three dimensions, the overall GC in the extraction zone is lower, the gathering area of the low-concentration gas is smaller, and the gathering area of the high-concentration gas is larger, and the wind flow leaking into the extraction zone from the working face is less. The best gas extraction effect was obtained when the working face's airflow was 2500 m3/min and the negative pressure of the high and low level alleys was set to 15 kPa. This effectively increased the gas extraction efficiency. The optimization model was used to simulate the technical parameters of the high and low level roadways. When the optimized parameters were applied to the site of coordinated gas extraction in the high and low level highways of the Pingshu coal mine, the correctness of the optimized model was verified. The results of the gas extraction were good. The study's findings can ensure the safe mining of the entire mining face and offer a theoretical foundation for research into gas extraction technologies.
Effect of interparticle interactions on colloidal film formation during the drying process: A study using Brownian dynamics simulation
Authors: Moon Soyun , Kim Lim , Yang Eunjoon , Lee Sungchul , Park Jun Dong
Published: January 2025

Drying conditions must be controlled to achieve high-quality films in various manufacturing processes. In this study, the influence of particle interactions on colloidal film formation during drying was investigated using Brownian dynamics simulations. The film structures formed under three different interparticle interaction conditions—attractive, weakly attractive, and repulsive—were quantitatively analyzed using various structural metrics, including porosity distribution, porosity heterogeneity, pore size distribution, and tortuosity. As drying progressed and the concentration increased, attractive interactions between particles resulted in aggregates in the skin layer, which hindered the diffusion of concentrated particles in the top layer. This led to a more heterogeneous film structure in both the vertical and horizontal directions, characterized by significant porosity heterogeneity and a broader pore size distribution. Moreover, the film formation of attractive particles at three different drying rates was studied for a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between attractive interactions and drying rate. At higher drying rates, a more heterogeneous structure was observed in the vertical direction, whereas the horizontal structure appeared to be less heterogeneous. We further investigated the relationship between the film structure under various drying conditions and mass-transport properties by examining the diffusion behavior of small virtual particles through the dried film. The results demonstrated that the structural heterogeneity induced by attractive interactions and rapid drying is positively correlated with tortuosity, thereby disrupting mass transport through the film. The insights obtained from this study provide valuable guidance for optimizing colloidal suspensions to control the film formation and refining processes.
Carp carcass decomposition and water quality: implications for the release of CyHV-3 as a biocontrol agent for common carp in Australia
Authors: Walsh Richard , Dornan Tyler N. , Upadhyay Stæhr Sanjina , Brookes Hamish J. , Hipsey Matthew R. , Laws Mark , Cassey Phillip , Brookes Justin D.
Published: January 2025

Context In Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin, the invasive common carp (Cyprinus carpio) poses a significant ecological threat. Efforts to manage their population include the potential use of cyprinid herpesvirus (CyHV-3) as a biological control agent. The environmental benefits of carp elimination could be substantial in the long term; our knowledge of the immediate ecological consequences resulting from large-scale fish die-offs remains limited. Aim This study sought to investigate the effect of a large-scale fish-mortality event on water quality. Methods Experiments of an increasing scale (bucket, mesocosm and whole wetland) were conducted to assess how decomposing carp carcasses alter dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations in water. Key results In mesocosms, dead carp decayed more rapidly at 18 than 12°C, yielding oxygen demands of 1.022 ± 0.029 and 0.496 ± 0.239 mg kg−1 min−1 respectively. This carp decay released phosphorus, yielding 2121.1 ± 140.4 mg kg−1. In the wetland experiment, carp addition of 2400 kg ha−1 resulted in anoxic conditions over the following 2 weeks. The release of dissolved organic carbon and lipids led to a peak biological oxygen demand of 95.3 mg L−1. Conclusions Carp decomposition considerably contributes to biological oxygen demand and algal growth through nutrient enrichment and is strongly influenced by carp density. Implications The finding highlights key factors to consider before using biocontrol agents causing mass carp mortality, including hypoxia, anoxia and increased risk of harmful algal blooms.
Assessing target and non-target species interactions with buried non-toxic meat baits across fire mosaics
Authors: Mason Rachel T. , Rendall Anthony R. , Sinclair Robin D. , Ritchie Euan G.
Published: January 2025

Context Lethal 1080 baiting to control invasive predators, or to reduce livestock predation by canids, is a widespread management tool used throughout Australia and New Zealand. Techniques to reduce the impact of 1080 baiting on non-target species exist, but their efficacy, including effects of environmental variation and disturbance on baiting outcomes, remains poorly understood. Aims We aimed to experimentally quantify the extent to which target and non-target species dig up and consume buried baits, and to examine how habitat variation and fire affect such interactions. Methods Remote cameras were deployed for 70 days to monitor the fate of non-toxic baits in the semi-arid Big Desert-Wyperfeld region of southeastern Australia. Species digging up or eating baits (collectively ‘bait interactions’) were identified, and the effects of environmental factors on bait interaction rates were assessed. Key results Non-target species accounted for 128 (88%) of 146 total bait interactions, primarily native mice species. Target species interacted with fewer baits and took longer to record bait interactions, with foxes (Vulpes vulpes) averaging 41 days for 17 bait interactions and one dingo (Canis familiaris/Canis dingo) taking 60 days, whereas native mice interactions occurred after ~13 days. At sites where foxes and dingoes were detected, both target species almost always interacted with baits (83%), whereas non-target species interacted with baits at less than half of the sites they were detected (42%). Areas with greater variation in fire frequency (pyrodiversity) and mid-successional vegetation were associated with more native mice-bait interactions. Conclusions Non-target species interacted with baits more often and sooner than target species, suggesting efforts to reduce predator populations could have inadvertent effects on other species. The influence of fire and vegetation variables on bait interaction rates also highlights the importance of accounting for landscape features when designing lethal control programs. Implications Predator control can benefit native wildlife, and help to reduce livestock loss; however, managers must account for environmental factors that may influence which species are most likely to be affected by toxic baits, and by extension possible broader impacts on ecosystems. Monitoring to assess baiting outcomes and limit the negative consequences for non-target species constitutes best practice.
Conformity to continuous and discrete ordered traits
Authors: Heinrich Mora Elisa , Denton Kaleda K. , Palmer Michael E. , Feldman Marcus W.
Published: January 2025

Models of conformity and anticonformity have typically focused on cultural traits with unordered variants, such as baby names, strategies (cooperate/defect), or the presence/absence of an innovation. There have been fewer studies of conformity to cultural traits with ordered variants, such as level of cooperation (low, medium, high) or proportion of time spent on a task (0% to 100%). In these studies of ordered cultural traits, conformity is defined as a preference for the mean trait value in a population even if no members of the population have variants near this mean; e.g., 50% of the population has variant 0 and 50% has variant 1, producing a mean of 0.5. Here, we introduce models of conformity to ordered traits, which can be either discrete or continuous. In these models, conformists prefer to adopt more popular cultural variants even if these variants are far from the population mean. To measure a variant’s “popularity” in cases where no two individuals share precisely the same variant on a continuum, we introduce a metric called

k

-dispersal; this takes into account a variant’s distance to its

k

closest neighbors, with more “popular” variants having lower distances to their neighbors. We demonstrate through simulations that conformity to ordered traits need not produce a homogeneous population, as has previously been claimed. Under some combinations of parameter values, conformity sustains substantial trait variation over many generations. Furthermore, anticonformity may produce a high level of polarization.