bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge with CFRP Cables
Authors: Xie Xu , Li Xiaozhang , Shen Yonggang
Published: June 2014

In this study, the scope of CFRP cables in cable-stayed bridges is studied by establishing a numerical model of a 1400-m span of the same. The mechanical properties and characteristics of CFRP stay cables and of a cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables are here subjected to comprehensive analysis. The anomalies in the damping properties of free vibration, nonlinear parametric vibration and wind fluctuating vibration between steel cables and CFRP cables are determined. The structural stiffness, wind resistance and traffic vibration of the cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables are also analyzed. It was found that the static performances of a cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables and steel cables are basically the same. The natural frequencies of CFRP cables do not coincide with the major natural frequencies of the cable-stayed bridge, so the likelihood of CFRP cable-bridge coupling vibration is minuscule. For CFRP cables, the response amplitudes of both parametric vibration and wind fluctuating vibration are smaller than those of steel cables. It can be concluded from the research that the use of CFRP cables does not change the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration. Therefore, they can be used in long-span cable-stayed bridges with an excellent mechanical performance.
Confirmation of Pinnatoxins and Spirolides in Shellfish and Passive Samplers from Catalonia (Spain) by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole and High-Resolution Hybrid Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: García-Altares María , Casanova Alexis , Bane Vaishali , Diogène Jorge , Furey Ambrose , De la Iglesia Pablo
Published: June 2014

Cyclic imines are lipophilic marine toxins that bioaccumulate in seafood. Their structure comprises a cyclic-imino moiety, responsible for acute neurotoxicity in mice. Cyclic imines have not been linked yet to human poisonings and are not regulated in Europe, although the European Food Safety Authority requires more data to perform a conclusive risk assessment for consumers. This work presents the first detection of pinnatoxin G (PnTX-G) in Spain and 13-desmethyl spirolide C (SPX-1) in shellfish from Catalonia (Spain, NW Mediterranean Sea). Cyclic imines were found at low concentrations (2 to 60 µg/kg) in 13 samples of mussels and oysters (22 samples analyzed). Pinnatoxin G has been also detected in 17 seawater samples (out of 34) using solid phase adsorption toxin tracking devices (0.3 to 0.9 µg/kg-resin). Pinnatoxin G and SPX-1 were confirmed with both low and high resolution (<2 ppm) mass spectrometry by comparison of the response with that from reference standards. For other analogs without reference standards, we applied a strategy combining low resolution MS with a triple quadrupole mass analyzer for a fast and reliable screening, and high resolution MS LTQ Orbitrap® for unambiguous confirmation. The advantages and limitations of using high resolution MS without reference standards were discussed.
Analysis of the Biomass Composition of the Demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica on Heron Island Reef, Australia
Authors: Watson Jabin , Brennan Timothy , Degnan Bernard , Degnan Sandie , Krömer Jens
Published: June 2014

Marine sponges are a potential source of important pharmaceutical drugs, the commercialisation of which is restricted by the difficulties of obtaining a sufficient and regular supply of biomass. One way to optimize commercial cell lines for production is the in-depth characterization and target identification through genome scale metabolic modeling and flux analysis. By applying these tools to a sponge, we hope to gain insights into how biomass is formed. We chose Amphimedon queenslandica as it has an assembled and annotated genome, a prerequisite for genome scale modeling. The first stepping stone on the way to metabolic flux analysis in a sponge holobiont, is the characterization of its biomass composition. In this study we quantified the macromolecular composition and investigated the variation between and within sponges of a single population. We found lipids and protein to be the most abundant macromolecules, while carbohydrates were the most variable. We also analysed the composition and abundance of the fatty acids and amino acids, the important building blocks required to synthesise the abundant macromolecule types, lipids, and protein. These data complement the extensive genomic information available for A. queenslandica and lay the basis for genome scale modelling and flux analysis.
In Vivo Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Activity of Hydro-Ethanolic Extract and Isolated Active Principles from Aristeguietia glutinosa and Mechanism of Action Studies
Authors: Varela Javier , Serna Elva , Torres Susana , Yaluff Gloria , De Bilbao Ninfa , Miño Patricio , Chiriboga Ximena , Cerecetto Hugo , González Mercedes
Published: June 2014

The currently available treatments for Chagas disease show limited therapeutic potential and are associated with serious side effects. Attempting to find alternative drugs isolated from Nature as agents against Trypanosoma cruzi has been our goal. Recently, we have demonstrated the in vitro anti-T. cruzi activities of two secondary metabolites isolated from the hydro-ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Aristeguietia glutinosa (Lam.), (family Asteraceae). These active principles displayed poor hemolytic activity, low toxicity against murine macrophages, and absence of mutagenicity. Herein, proof of concept in vivo studies of the whole hydro-ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Aristeguietia glutinosa and of the most active component isolated from the hydro-ethanolic extract, i.e., (+)-15-hydroxy-7-labden-17-al, was done in a murine acute model of Chagas disease. Both treatments caused a decrease in the animals’ parasitemia. Metabolomic mechanism of action studies were done by 1H-NMR, both on the extract and on the active compounds, examining the effects of the metabolites both on membrane sterol biosynthesis and mitochondrial dehydrogenases, whereby we found that one of the metabolites inhibited the activity of the parasite mitochondrial dehydrogenases and the other inhibited the biosynthesis of parasite membrane sterols. The results are interesting in the context of popular use of plants for the treatment of Chagas disease.
Self-Assembly: From Amphiphiles to Chromophores and Beyond
Authors: Hill Jonathan , Shrestha Lok , Ishihara Shinsuke , Ji Qingmin , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: June 2014

Self-assembly has been recognised as a ubiquitous aspect of modern chemistry. Our understanding and applications of self-assembly are substantially based on what has been learned from biochemical systems. In this review, we describe various aspects of self-assembly commencing with an account of the soft structures that are available by assembly of surfactant amphiphiles, which are important scientific and industrial materials. Variation of molecular design using rules defined by surfactant self-assembly permits synthesis of functional nanostructures in solution and at surfaces while increasing the strength of intermolecular interactions through π-π stacking, metal cation coordination and/or hydrogen bonding leads to formation of highly complex bespoke nanostructured materials exemplified by DNA assemblies. We describe the origins of self-assembly involving aggregation of lipid amphiphiles and how this subject has been expanded to include other highly advanced chemical systems.
Magnetic Nanomaterials and Their Applications
Authors: Gun'ko Yurii
Published: June 2014

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials is dedicated to the development of new magnetic nanomaterials and their applications in biomedicine, catalysis, spintronics and other areas. The publications in this Issue demonstrate that the interest in magnetic nanomaterials is continuously growing and their realm is expanding rapidly. Some highlights of the publications in this issue are discussed below. [...]
DNA Hypermethylation of the Serotonin Receptor Type-2A Gene Is Associated with a Worse Response to a Weight Loss Intervention in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Perez-Cornago Aurora , Mansego Maria , Zulet María , Martinez José
Published: June 2014

Understanding the regulation of gene activities depending on DNA methylation has been the subject of much recent study. However, although polymorphisms of the HTR2A gene have been associated with both obesity and psychiatric disorders, the role of HTR2A gene methylation in these illnesses remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of HTR2A gene promoter methylation levels in white blood cells (WBC) with obesity traits and depressive symptoms in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) enrolled in a behavioural weight loss programme. Analyses were based on 41 volunteers (mean age 49 ± 1 year) recruited within the RESMENA study. Depressive symptoms (as determined using the Beck Depression Inventory), anthropometric and biochemical measurements were analysed at the beginning and after six months of weight loss treatment. At baseline, DNA from WBC was isolated and cytosine methylation in the HTR2A gene promoter was quantified by a microarray approach. In the whole-study sample, a positive association of HTR2A gene methylation with waist circumference and insulin levels was detected at baseline. Obesity measures significantly improved after six months of dietary treatment, where a lower mean HTR2A gene methylation at baseline was associated with major reductions in body weight, BMI and fat mass after the treatment. Moreover, mean HTR2A gene methylation at baseline significantly predicted the decrease in depressive symptoms after the weight loss treatment. In conclusion, this study provides newer evidence that hypermethylation of the HTR2A gene in WBC at baseline is significantly associated with a worse response to a weight-loss intervention and with a lower decrease in depressive symptoms after the dietary treatment in subjects with MetS.
Mechanical Behavior of BFRP-Steel Composite Plate under Axial Tension
Authors: Li Yunyu , Wang Yanlei , Ou Jinping
Published: June 2014

Combining the advantages of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) material and steel material, a novel BFRP-steel composite plate (BSP) is proposed, where a steel plate is sandwiched between two outer BFRP laminates. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the mechanical behavior of the proposed BSP under uniaxial tension and cyclic tension. Four groups of BSP specimens with four different BFRP layers and one control group of steel plate specimens were prepared. A uniaxial tensile test and a cyclic tensile test were conducted to determine the initial elastic modulus, postyield stiffness, yield strength, ultimate bearing capacity and residual deformation. Test results indicated that the stress-strain curve of the BSP specimen was bilinear prior to the fracture of the outer BFRP, and the BSP specimen had stable postyield stiffness and small residual deformation after the yielding of the inner steel plate. The postyield modulus of BSP specimens increased almost linearly with the increasing number of outer BFRP layers, as well as the ultimate bearing capacity. Moreover, the predicted results from the selected models under both monotonic tension and cyclic tension were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Spike Detection Based on Normalized Correlation with Automatic Template Generation
Authors: Hwang Wen-Jyi , Wang Szu-Huai , Hsu Ya-Tzu
Published: June 2014

A novel feedback-based spike detection algorithm for noisy spike trains is presented in this paper. It uses the information extracted from the results of spike classification for the enhancement of spike detection. The algorithm performs template matching for spike detection by a normalized correlator. The detected spikes are then sorted by the OSortalgorithm. The mean of spikes of each cluster produced by the OSort algorithm is used as the template of the normalized correlator for subsequent detection. The automatic generation and updating of templates enhance the robustness of the spike detection to input trains with various spike waveforms and noise levels. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm operating in conjunction with OSort is an efficient design for attaining high detection and classification accuracy for spike sorting.
A Model-Based Approach for Bridging Virtual and Physical Sensor Nodes in a Hybrid Simulation Framework
Authors: Mozumdar Mohammad , Song Zhen , Lavagno Luciano , Sangiovanni-Vincentelli Alberto
Published: June 2014

The Model Based Design (MBD) approach is a popular trend to speed up application development of embedded systems, which uses high-level abstractions to capture functional requirements in an executable manner, and which automates implementation code generation. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an emerging very promising application area for embedded systems. However, there is a lack of tools in this area, which would allow an application developer to model a WSN application by using high level abstractions, simulate it mapped to a multi-node scenario for functional analysis, and finally use the refined model to automatically generate code for different WSN platforms. Motivated by this idea, in this paper we present a hybrid simulation framework that not only follows the MBD approach for WSN application development, but also interconnects a simulated sub-network with a physical sub-network and then allows one to co-simulate them, which is also known as Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation.
A Doped Polyaniline Modified Electrode Amperometric Biosensor for Gluconic Acid Determination in Grapes
Authors: Albanese Donatella , Malvano Francesca , Sannini Adriana , Pilloton Roberto , Di Matteo Marisa
Published: June 2014

In winemaking gluconic acid is an important marker for quantitative evaluation of grape infection by Botrytis cinerea. A screen-printed amperometric bienzymatic sensor for the determination of gluconic acid based on gluconate kinase (GK) and 6-phospho-D-gluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) coimmobilized onto polyaniline/poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid; PANI-PAAMPSA) is reported in this study. The conductive polymer electrodeposed on the working electrode surface allowed the detection of NADH at low potential (0.1 V) with a linear range from 4 × 10−3 to 1 mM (R2 = 0.99) and a sensitivity of 419.44 nA∙mM−1. The bienzymatic sensor has been optimized with regard to GK/6PGDH enzymatic unit ratio and ATP/NADP+ molar ratio which resulted equal to 0.33 and 1.2, respectively. Under these conditions a sensitivity of 255.2 nA∙mM−1, a limit of detection of 5 μM and a Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of 4.2% (n = 5) have been observed. Finally, the biosensor has been applied for gluconic acid measurements in must grape samples and the matrix effect has been taken into consideration. The results have been compared with those obtained on the same samples with a commercial kit based on a spectrophotometric enzyme assay and were in good agreement, showing the capability of the bienzymatic PANI-PAAMPSA biosensor for gluconic acid measurements and thus for the evaluation of Botrytis cinerea infection in grapes.
In the Shadow of Hemagglutinin: A Growing Interest in Influenza Viral Neuraminidase and Its Role as a Vaccine Antigen
Authors: Wohlbold Teddy , Krammer Florian
Published: June 2014

Despite the availability of vaccine prophylaxis and antiviral therapeutics, the influenza virus continues to have a significant, annual impact on the morbidity and mortality of human beings, highlighting the continued need for research in the field. Current vaccine strategies predominantly focus on raising a humoral response against hemagglutinin (HA)—the more abundant, immunodominant glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus. In fact, anti-HA antibodies are often neutralizing, and are used routinely to assess vaccine immunogenicity. Neuraminidase (NA), the other major glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus, has historically served as the target for antiviral drug therapy and is much less studied in the context of humoral immunity. Yet, the quest to discern the exact importance of NA-based protection is decades old. Also, while antibodies against the NA glycoprotein fail to prevent infection of the influenza virus, anti-NA immunity has been shown to lessen the severity of disease, decrease viral lung titers in animal models, and reduce viral shedding. Growing evidence is intimating the possible gains of including the NA antigen in vaccine design, such as expanded strain coverage and increased overall immunogenicity of the vaccine. After giving a tour of general influenza virology, this review aims to discuss the influenza A virus neuraminidase while focusing on both the historical and present literature on the use of NA as a possible vaccine antigen.
The Impact of Leverage on Stock Returns in the Hospitality Sector: Evidence from the UK
Authors: Muradoğlu Yaz Glnur , Sivaprasad Sheeja
Published: June 2014

This article examines the relation between capital structure and abnormal returns for the UK hospitality sector by using an investment strategy based on hospitality firms' capital structure. We find that abnormal returns are higher, 0.53% per annum, for medium leverage hospitality firms,
and it can be increased up to 0.91% by investing in medium leverage and low price-to-book value firms. The findings raise an important issue for the hospitality sector as the firms in this sector are continually aiming to raise external finance to fund expansion. This is a unique situation
when compared to other sectors in the economy whereby investors earn higher abnormal returns when investing in low levered firms.
A Comparison of Expenditures Between New Orleans Volunteer and Leisure Tourists: Implications for Sustainability
Authors: Kirillova Ksenia , Bordelon Bridget M. , Pearlman David M.
Published: June 2014

While economic implications of volunteer tourism to the host economy have been acknowledged in previous tourism research, no empirical study to assess this influence has been published to date. This expenditure study begins to fill the gap in academic and practical knowledge. The purpose
of this research was to compare and contrast the expenditure patterns of volunteer tourists with those of leisure tourists in New Orleans. Survey research methods were used to obtain a sample of volunteer tourists that was compared to a leisure tourist sample obtained from secondary data.
Visitors' expenditures across six types of spending (local transportation, lodging, food/beverages, gambling, retail shopping, and tours/admission fees), demographics, and travel information were collected. Data analysis included t tests revealing that volunteer tourists' spending was
lower in five out of six categories, total daily expenditures, and total trip spending. Volunteer tourists spent more on local transportation, but preferred cheaper accommodations and dining, seldom gambled, shopped little at the destination, and rarely visited tourist attractions. Examining
differences in expenditure patterns can help a destination develop sustainable tourism policy and maximize economic benefits of volunteer tourism. In conclusion, this article proposes strategies to promote economically and culturally sustainable volunteer tourism.
An Assessment of Visitors' Behavioral Intentions in the Taiwan Tourist Night Market Using a Multilevel and Hierarchical Approach
Authors: Wu Hung-Che , Cheng Ching-Chan , Hsu Fu-Sung
Published: June 2014

This study examines the interrelationships among the behavioral intentions and constructs related to behavioral intentions and identifies the dimensions of service quality in the Taiwan tourist night market. The dimensions of service quality are built on a basis of formative indicators,
and a multilevel and hierarchical model is used as a framework to synthesize the effects of the constructs related to behavioral intentions in the Taiwan tourist night market. The findings are based on structural equation modeling of a convenience sample of 489 respondents. The findings reveal
that there are four primary dimensions and 11 subdimensions of service quality in the Taiwan tourist night market.
Does Shopping Matter? A Research Note Discussing China's Revised Tariff Policy and Resultant Outbound Shopping Behaviors
Authors: Upchurch Randall S. , Liu Danqing
Published: June 2014

It was originally thought that the newly revised tariff policy that was enacted in China would greatly reduce shopping-oriented tours and impact on tourists' choices of purchasing and spending behavior. The findings of this study indicate that this is not necessarily the case. It was
discovered that for this group of Chinese outbound tourists the act of retail shopping was an integral part of their travel activities. This group of outbound travelers shopped for themselves, family, relatives, friends, and coworkers; sought to experience mutually rewarding shopping occasions;
desired to build and maintain harmonious relationships; were driven by a strong desire to enhance social status (e.g., mianzi); sought to improve enjoyment of travel experiences; and displayed strong interests in destination cultural activities that entailed immersion in cultural events
and local-centric shopping. The implications of this focused study are twofold: first, outbound travel patterns resulting from China's revised tariff policy are discussed from the perspective of destination marketers; and second, attractors and benefits of outbound travel are discussed from
the resident and governmental perspectives.
Clinical Research in a Modern Chinese Peritoneal Dialysis Center
Authors: Dong Jie , Zhao Ming-hui
Published: June 2014

A prerequisite for enhancing the quality of peritoneal dialysis is the continuous review and analysis of clinical data from routine clinical care and research. Here, we describe our strategy (Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China) to achieve that objective.
Management of a Rapidly Growing Peritoneal Dialysis Population at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
Authors: Yu Xueqing , Yang Xiao , Huang Naya
Published: June 2014

Managing a rapidly growing peritoneal dialysis program with more than 1000 patients involves multiple challenges, labor constraints, logistics, and excessive geographic distance. This paper describes how Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, manages those issues, while simultaneously improving quality of the care and, subsequently, clinical outcomes.
Streptopyridines, volatile pyridine alkaloids produced by Streptomyces sp. FORM5
Authors: Groenhagen Ulrike , Maczka Michael , Dickschat Jeroen S , Schulz Stefan
Published: June 2014

Streptomyces sp. FORM5 is a bacterium that is known to produce the antibiotic streptazolin and related compounds. We investigated the strain for the production of volatiles using the CLSA (closed-loop stripping analysis) method. Liquid and agar plate cultures revealed the formation of new 2-alkylpyridines (streptopyridines), structurally closely related to the already known 2-pentadienylpiperidines. The structures of the streptopyridines A to E were confirmed by total synthesis. The analysis of the liquid phase by solvent extraction or extraction with an Oasis adsorbent showed that streptazolin and 2-pentadienylpiperidine are the major compounds, while the streptopyridines are only minor components. In the gas phase, only the streptopyridines could be detected. Therefore, an orthogonal set of analysis is needed to assess the metabolic profile of bacteria, because volatile compounds are obviously overlooked by traditional analytical methods. The streptopyridines are strain specific volatiles that are accompanied by a broad range of headspace constituents that occur in many actinomycetes. Volatiles might be of ecological importance for the producing organism, and, as biosynthetic intermediates or shunt products, they can be useful as indicators of antibiotic production in a bacterium.
THE TESTING OF PHOTOSCAN 3D OBJECT MODELLING SOFTWARE
Authors: Jiroušek Tomáš , Kapica Roman , Vrublová Dana
Published: June 2014

The paper presents triangulation-based accuracy test procedures for PhotoScan 3D modelling software with automatic features including camera station identification, point cloud construction and the generation of polygon networks and polygon net textures. The process starts with establishing the camera resolutions. Then, internal orientation elements of the cameras are established by means of different calibration techniques and comparisons between them are made. 3D models are then tested using diverse model generation parameters and different configurations of sets of images including how each type of calibration affects the resulting 3D model accuracy. To conclude, 3D model accuracy is compared with geodesic surveying results.
El registro más antiguo de Panochthus (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae)
Authors: Zamorano M. , Taglioretti M. , Zurita A. E. , Scillato-Yané G. J. , Scaglia Y. F.
Published: June 2014

Panochthus es uno de los géneros de gliptodóntidos de mayores dimensiones y más ampliamente registrado en el Pleistoceno del sur de América del Sur. Una reciente revisión demostró que alberga seis especies distribuidas cronológicamente de la siguiente manera: P. Intermedius y P. Subintermedius (Pleistoceno temprano-Pleistoceno medio, Ensenadense); P. Tuberculatus y P. Frenzelianus tienen sus biocrones limitados al Pleistoceno medio-Pleistoceno tardío (Bonaerense-Lujanense), mientras que P. Greslebini y P. Jaguaribensis solo pueden referirse al Pleistoceno sensu lato. En la presente contribución se da a conocer el registro más antiguo de Panochthus, representado por el material MMP 5171, procedente del Plioceno tardío (Aloformación Playa Los Lobos, Formación Chapadmalal; Chapadmalalense; Biozona de Paraglyptodon chapalmalensis) de la localidad de Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. El material consiste en un gran fragmento de coraza dorsal y en varios trozos de osteodermos asociados, asignables a una especie indeterminada de Panochthus. Uno de los caracteres más significativos es la presencia, a nivel de la superficie expuesta de los osteodermos, de figuritas que siguen un evidente patrón reticular, solo observable en Panochthus. Desde el punto de vista bioestratigráfico, es llamativa la ausencia de registros de Panochthus en la Edad Marplatense (Plioceno tardío-Pleistoceno temprano).
Evaluating Automatic Speaker Recognition systems: An overview of the NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluations (1996-2014)
Authors: Gonzalez-Rodriguez Joaquin
Published: June 2014

Automatic Speaker Recognition systems show interesting properties, such as speed of processing or repeatability of results, in contrast to speaker recognition by humans. But they will be usable just if they are reliable. Testability, or the ability to extensively evaluate the goodness of the speaker detector decisions, becomes then critical. In the last 20 years, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has organized, providing the proper speech data and evaluation protocols, a series of text-independent Speaker Recognition Evaluations (SRE). Those evaluations have become not just a periodical benchmark test, but also a meeting point of a collaborative community of scientists that have been deeply involved in the cycle of evaluations, allowing tremendous progress in a specially complex task where the speaker information is spread across different information levels (acoustic, prosodic, linguistic…) and is strongly affected by speaker intrinsic and extrinsic variability factors. In this paper, we outline how the evaluations progressively challenged the technology including new speaking conditions and sources of variability, and how the scientific community gave answers to those demands. Finally, NIST SREs will be shown to be not free of inconveniences, and future challenges to speaker recognition assessment will also be discussed.
La guerra como administración estatal. La Guerra Civil colombiana de 1851
Authors: Jurado Jurado Juan Carlos
Published: June 2014

La guerra es caos y destrucción pero ha significado la construcción de órdenes modernos como la nación Estado. En este artículo se trata la Guerra Civil colombiana de 1851 como experiencia administrativa para el Estado, pues le significó la planeación, coordinación y control de ingentes recursos para gobernar y construir su legitimidad política. Se tratan las acciones políticas como acciones administrativas, los costos de la guerra y la precariedad del Estado a partir del análisis de memorias, crónicas, correspondencia oficial y prensa.
Prensa política y libertad de expresión en la provincia de Córdoba en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX: la sanción de la ley de imprenta de 1879
Authors: Cucchi Laura
Published: June 2014

Este trabajo examina los debates que precedieron a la sanción de la ley de imprenta en Córdoba en 1879, con el objetivo de contribuir al estudio de los límites de la libertad de la prensa. Se presenta las características de las publicaciones locales y las normativas que regulaban su ejercicio y se explora las medidas oficiales tomadas para reprimir lo que se consideró sus abusos. Por último, se analiza los debates del poder legislativo sobre nueva reglamentación para este tipo de delitos, y se sugiere que en ellos no sólo se manifestaron diferencias respecto del grado de control que debía establecerse sobre las publicaciones sino también formas diversas de entender la prerrogativa popular de control de los actos de gobierno.
Software Aided Classic Chinese Poem Composition
Authors: Lin Hong
Published: June 2014

The forms of Chinese classic poetry have been developed through thousands years of history and are still current in today's poetry society. A re-classification of the rhyming words, however, is necessary for the classic poetry writing to be done in the new settings of modern Chinese language. In order to maintain the continuation of the poetry forms, computing technology can be used to help the readers as well as poetry writers to check the compliance of poems in accordance to the forms and compose poems without the effort to learn the old grouping of rhyming words. This work will help revive Chinese classic poetry in modern society and promote its writability.
Vocabulary Learning and Consolidation with Mobile Application
Authors: Wang Dongshuo , Zou Bin , Xing Minjie
Published: June 2014

Language learners at all levels need a way of recording and organising newly learned vocabulary for consolidation and for future reference. Listing words alphabetically in a vocabulary notebook has been a traditional way of organising this information. However, paper-based notes are limited in terms of space (learners often run out of space for certain categories; for others the space might be unused) and time (handwritten pages deteriorate over time and cannot easily be updated). Organizing vocabulary in more meaningful categories might make it easier to learn. Textbooks, for example, often introduce new vocabulary thematically. Words can also be organised according to their grammatical class or characteristics, their real world category (e.g. modes of transport, means of communication), their phonological pattern, their etymological elements, or according to when/where they were learnt. This research experiments how the mobile learning of a lexical spreadsheet can be used for the consolidation of and reference to new vocabulary. Offering the learner multiple ways of organising vocabulary at the same time – combining all of the approaches mentioned above, the resource can easily be modified and updated. Importantly, in keeping with autonomous learning theory, the spreadsheet is designed to encourage learners to take more responsibility for their own vocabulary learning and to approach this process more systematically. The resource can be used from any mobile smart phone, tablet or i-Pad.
The State Of Internet Marketing Research (2005-2012)
Authors: Natarajan Thamaraiselvan , Balakrishnan Janarthanan , Balasubramanian Senthilarasu , Manickavasagam Jeevananthan
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively review pertinent research activities that have been performed between 2005 and 2012 (July) in the area of internet marketing. In addition the paper identifies the central topic in the internet marketing literature and provides expected topical areas of interest. 2158 research article abstract citations were analysed from 460 refereed academic journals collected from six databases. The articles were further categorised under specific topics and network analysis was performed using GEPHI 0.8.1 to know the central topic in the last seven years. Consumer behaviour was found to be the most frequently studied topic in the area of internet marketing research with 472 articles (21.87% of total) followed by ‘services' with 280 articles (12.97% of total) and ‘business strategy' with 267 articles (12.37% of total). It was also found that topics; purchase intention and social media hold high centrality degree among the examined topics that evolved in the last seven years. This study provides both academics and practitioners with an extensive quantitative review of the internet marketing literature along with an insight of how internet marketing research is emerging.
Expression of the Mouse MHC Class Ib H2-T11 Gene Product, a Paralog of H2-T23 (Qa-1) with Shared Peptide-Binding Specificity
Authors: Chen Lili , Reyes-Vargas Eduardo , Dai Hu , Escobar Hernando , Rudd Brant , Fairbanks Jared , Ho Alexander , Cusick Mathew F. , Kumánovics Attila , Delgado Julio , He Xiao , Jensen Peter E.
Published: June 2014

The mouse MHC class Ib gene H2-T11 is 95% identical at the DNA level to H2-T23, which encodes Qa-1, one of the most studied MHC class Ib molecules. H2-T11 mRNA was observed to be expressed widely in tissues of C57BL/6 mice, with the highest levels in thymus. To circumvent the availability of a specific mAb, cells were transduced with cDNA encoding T11 with a substituted α3 domain. Hybrid T11D3 protein was expressed at high levels similar to control T23D3 molecules on the surface of both TAP+ and TAP− cells. Soluble T11D3 was generated by folding in vitro with Qa-1 determinant modifier, the dominant peptide presented by Qa-1. The circular dichroism spectrum of this protein was similar to that of other MHC class I molecules, and it was observed to bind labeled Qa-1 determinant modifier peptide with rapid kinetics. By contrast to the Qa-1 control, T11 tetramers did not react with cells expressing CD94/NKG2A, supporting the conclusion that T11 cannot replace Qa-1 as a ligand for NK cell inhibitory receptors. T11 also failed to substitute for Qa-1 in the presentation of insulin to a Qa-1–restricted T cell hybridoma. Despite divergent function, T11 was observed to share peptide-loading specificity with Qa-1. Direct analysis by tandem mass spectrometry of peptides eluted from T11D3 and T23D3 isolated from Hela cells demonstrated a diversity of peptides with a clear motif that was shared between the two molecules. Thus, T11 is a paralog of T23 encoding an MHC class Ib molecule that shares peptide-binding specificity with Qa-1 but differs in function.
Immunoproteasomes Shape the Transcriptome and Regulate the Function of Dendritic Cells
Authors: de Verteuil Danielle A. , Rouette Alexandre , Hardy Marie-Pierre , Lavallée Stéphanie , Trofimov Assya , Gaucher Étienne , Perreault Claude
Published: June 2014

By regulating protein degradation, constitutive proteasomes (CPs) control practically all cellular functions. In addition to CPs, vertebrates express immunoproteasomes (IPs). The major nonredundant role ascribed to IPs is their enhanced ability to generate antigenic peptides. We report that CPs and IPs differentially regulate the expression of >8000 transcripts in maturing mouse dendritic cells (DCs) via regulation of signaling pathways such as IFN regulatory factors, STATs, and NF-κB. IPs regulate the transcription of many mRNAs and maturation of a few of them. Moreover, even when engineered to present optimal amounts of antigenic peptide, IP-deficient DCs are inefficient for in vivo T cell priming. Our study shows that the role of IPs in DCs is not limited to Ag processing and reveals a major nonredundant role for IPs in transcription regulation. The dramatic effect of IPs on the transcriptional landscape could explain the various immune and nonimmune phenotypes observed in vertebrates with IP deficiency or mutations.
Evaluating the effectiveness of guided versus non-guided interpretation in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: Roberts Mark , Mearns Kevin , Edwards Victoria
Published: June 2014

In the face of growing pressure placed on the natural environment, the study on which this article is based considered the effectiveness of interpretive provision in mitigating the harmful effects of tourism on the environment. The aim of this research was to determine whether guided or non-guided interpretation is most effective in reaching the stated goals of interpretation. The four key goals of interpretation, namely visitor satisfaction, knowledge gain, attitude change and modification of behaviour intent, were used in the assessment of the relative effectiveness of guided and non-guided interpretation in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Through comparing responses to questionnaires from post-visit samples and observing both guided and non-guided interpretation, the research found that guided interpretation was only marginally more effective in reaching the four key goals of interpretation than the non-guided interpretive media. Guided interpretation was found to be more effective in terms of visitor satisfaction, whilst guided and non-guided interpretation had only marginal differences in effectiveness in relation to knowledge gain, attitude change and intent to modify behaviour.Conservation implications: The necessity of implementing an appropriate interpretation programme within protected areas cannot be overemphasised. The interpretation programme should be designed to include elements of both guided and non-guided interpretation in order to achieve a predetermined goal. The effectiveness of the programme should be evaluated periodically and amended where appropriate.
Safety and Efficacy of Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Chronic Dry Eye
Authors: Schultz Clyde
Published: June 2014

Dry-eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Various factors, including age, hormonal status, genetics, sex, immune status, innervation status, nutrition, pathogens, and environmental stress, can alter the cellular and molecular structure or function of components of the ocular surface system. The resulting imbalance increases susceptibility to desiccation and epithelial damage, leading to a vicious circle in which inflammation amplifies and sustains further damage by chronic deregulation of the system. Lubricating agents and steroids have been used as treatment options. However, as the causes of the disease become better elucidated, the more chemically complex cyclosporine A has become an increasingly useful treatment option and in the United States is currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved prescription drug for the treatment of dry eye. The safety and efficacy of cyclosporine have been shown in numerous studies.
An Evaluation of the Performance of Direct Agglutination Test on Filter Paper Blood Sample for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Hasnain Md Golam , Ghosh Prakash , Baker James , Mondal Dinesh
Published: June 2014

The attack phase of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination program in Bangladesh aims to decrease the burden of VL incidence from close to 20 cases to less than one case per 10,000 at sub-district level. The consolidation phase will aim to confirm no increase in VL in endemic areas through active surveillance. During this phase, a reliable diagnostic tool for mass screening is required. Here, we report the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a filter paper-based agglutination test (FP-DAT) for diagnosis of VL in patients admitted to an upazila health complex in Mymensingh, a VL-endemic region of Bangladesh. The sensitivity of both the conventional direct agglutination test (DAT) and FP-DAT were 100% and 96%, respectively. The specificity of both assays was 100%. However, when the performances of the two assays were compared using McNamar's test, neither the sensitivity nor the specificity of the FP-DAT differed significantly from conventional DAT.
Community Health Workers and Stand-Alone or Integrated Case Management of Malaria: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Smith Paintain Lucy , Willey Barbara , Kedenge Sarah , Sharkey Alyssa , Kim Julia , Buj Valentina , Webster Jayne , Schellenberg David , Ngongo Ngashi
Published: June 2014

A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of strategies to improve community case management (CCM) of malaria. Forty-three studies were included; most (38) reported indicators of community health worker (CHW) performance, 14 reported on malaria CCM integrated with other child health interventions, 16 reported on health system capacity, and 13 reported on referral. The CHWs are able to provide good quality malaria care, including performing procedures such as rapid diagnostic tests. Appropriate training, clear guidelines, and regular supportive supervision are important facilitating factors. Crucial to sustainable success of CHW programs is strengthening health system capacity to support commodity supply, supervision, and appropriate treatment of referred cases. The little evidence available on referral from community to health facility level suggests that this is an area that needs priority attention. The studies of integrated CCM suggest that additional tasks do not reduce the quality of malaria CCM provided sufficient training and supervision is maintained.
Rickettsial Infections in Southeast Asia: Implications for Local Populace and Febrile Returned Travelers
Authors: Aung Ar Kar , Spelman Denis W. , Murray Ronan J. , Graves Stephen
Published: June 2014

Rickettsial infections represent a major cause of non-malarial febrile illnesses among the residents of Southeast Asia and returned travelers from that region. There are several challenges in recognition, diagnosis, and management of rickettsioses endemic to Southeast Asia. This review focuses on the prevalent rickettsial infections, namely, murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi), scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi), and members of spotted fever group rickettsiae. Information on epidemiology and regional variance in the prevalence of rickettsial infections is analyzed. Clinical characteristics of main groups of rickettsioses, unusual presentations, and common pitfalls in diagnosis are further discussed. In particular, relevant epidemiologic and clinical aspects on emerging spotted fever group rickettsiae in the region, such as Rickettsia honei, R. felis, R. japonica, and R. helvetica, are presented. Furthermore, challenges in laboratory diagnosis and management aspects of rickettsial infections unique to Southeast Asia are discussed, and data on emerging resistance to antimicrobial drugs and treatment/prevention options are also reviewed.
Recognizing and Alleviating Moral Distress Among Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents
Authors: Aultman Julie , Wurzel Rachel
Published: June 2014

Background

Obstetrics and gynecology residents face difficult clinical situations and decisions that challenge their moral concepts.

Objective

We examined how moral and nonmoral judgments about patients are formulated, confirmed, or modified and how moral distress may be alleviated among obstetrics-gynecology residents.

Methods

Three focus groups, guided by open-ended interview questions, were conducted with 31 obstetrics-gynecology residents from 3 academic medical institutions in northeast Ohio. Each focus group contained 7 to 14 participants and was recorded. Two investigators independently coded and thematically analyzed the transcribed data.

Results

Our participants struggled with 3 types of patients perceived as difficult: (1) patients with chronic pain, including patients who abuse narcotics; (2) demanding and entitled patients; and (3) irresponsible patients. Difficult clinical encounters with such patients contribute to unalleviated moral distress for residents and negative, and often inaccurate, judgment made about patients. The residents reported that they were able to prevent stigmatizing judgments about patients by keeping an open mind or recognizing the particular needs of patients, but they still felt unresolved moral distress.

Conclusions

Moral distress that is not addressed in residency education may contribute to career dissatisfaction and ineffective patient care. We recommend education and research on pedagogical approaches in residency education in a model that emphasizes ethics and professional identity development as well as the recognition and alleviation of moral distress.
Relationship Between Postinterview Correspondence From Residency Program Applicants and Subsequent Applicant Match Outcomes
Authors: Swan Emma C. , Baudendistel Thomas E.
Published: June 2014

Background

Studies show postinterview communication from applicants may affect their placement on the program's National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) rank order list.

Objective

To determine whether postinterview correspondence from applicants to a residency program is associated with the applicant's subsequent position on the program's rank list.

Methods

During 2 recruitment seasons, we collected postinterview correspondence from applicants to 1 residency program. Applicant characteristics and the content and timing of correspondence were compared with the applicant's position on the program's rank list. Data were analyzed using the Pearson χ2 test.

Results

Of 470 applicants interviewed, 290 (61.7%) sent unsolicited correspondence to the program after interviewing. Ten percent (29 of 290) stated they planned to rank the program first, 11.7% (34 of 290) that they planned to rank it highly, and 78.3% (227 of 290) gave no indication of ranking intentions. Applicants who corresponded were no more likely to be ranked in the top 2 quartiles on the rank list than those who did not (P  =  .32) nor were applicants who communicated plans to rank the program “first” or “highly” ranked higher than other corresponding applicants (P  =  .34). Of the 16 applicants who planned to rank the program “first” and who were ranked in the program's match range, 5 did not match with the program, suggesting they may have misled the program.

Conclusions

Postinterview correspondence by applicants was not associated with position on the rank order list. Correspondence does not benefit the applicant and can lead to misleading statements, which may violate the NRMP participation agreement.