bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic and Biological Attributes of Pyrimidine Derivatives: A Recent Update
Authors: Devi Meenu , Jaiswal Shivangi , Jain Sonika , Kaur Navjeet , Dwivedi Jaya
Published: August 2021

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles attract the attention of chemists due to their multifarious activities.
Amongst all, pyrimidine plays a central role and exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities. Literature is
replete with various aspects of synthetic development in the chemistry of pyrimidine for a wide array of applications.
It aroused our interest to compile various novel and efficient synthetic approaches towards the synthesis
of pyrimidine and its derivatives. Pyrimidine derivatives are broadly useful as therapeutic agents, owing to
their high degree of structural diversity. They have been recorded to possess a diverse range of therapeutic activities
viz. anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV etc.
Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Substituted Quinolines as New Apoptosis Inducers and Anticancer Agents: Pharmacophore-based Design
Authors: Dayani Hiren , Jha Abhishek , Ghate Manjunath , Vyas Vivek K.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Cancer is a global health burden and the leading cause of death across the
world after cardiovascular disease.

Objective:

The objective of this work was the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of
2-phenylquinolin-4-amine derivatives as apoptosis inducers and anticancer agents.

Methods:

In this study, we performed ligand-based pharmacophore modeling as a promising design
strategy for the design of substituted quinoline derivatives as apoptosis inducers and anticancer
agents. The designed compounds were synthesized as 2-phenylquinolin-4-amine derivatives and
characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass spectroscopy. Synthesized compounds were
screened for apoptosis-inducing activity using caspase-3 activation and annexine-FITC assays, and
also screened against cancer cell line (HT-29) in an antiproliferative assay.

Results:

Synthesized compounds 7a, and 7d demonstrated EC50 values of 6.06 and 6.69 μM in
caspase-3 activation assay, respectively, and also showed late stage induction of apoptosis in annexine
assay. Synthesized compounds 7a, 7d and 7i, also exhibited good antiproliferative activity with
IC50 values of 8.12, 9.19, and 11.34 μM, respectively, which revealed that these are promising apoptosis
inducers for the further development of new anticancer agents.
Creatine Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic
Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Martimbianco Ana Luiza Cabrera , Mancini de Sousa Marcella , Nakata Mariana Tiemi Kishida , Baldini Carlos Eduardo Slateff , de Oliveira-Sales Elizabeth Barbosa , Boim Mirian Aparecida , Maquigussa Edgar
Published: August 2021

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common form of diabetes. The initial treatment
of type 2 DM consists of the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits together with several classes
of hypoglycemic agents. However, these medications are not always able to reduce the blood glucose
levels in all patients. Therefore, creatine supplementation has emerged as a new putative candidate
for type 2 DM treatment. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects (benefits and
harms) of creatine supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes through a systematic review.
The studies were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL
databases, without date or language restrictions. Methodological quality was assessed using
the Cochrane risk-of-bias table. The certainty of the evidence was classified using the Grading of
Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Three randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) were included (87 participants). Overall, the methodological quality was classified
as unclear to a high risk of bias. Each trial compared creatine supplementation with a different
control group (placebo, metformin, and glibenclamide). Creatine supplementation seems to be effective
in decreasing glycemic levels and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations compared to
placebo. No difference was observed compared to metformin or glibenclamide with creatine, and
all treatments were able to reduce blood glucose levels. No major adverse effects were observed.
Based on the low certainty of evidence, creatine supplementation was shown to be a hypoglycemic
intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes, without major adverse events reported. However, well-
designed RCTs with larger sample sizes and long-term outcomes are needed to support this evidence.
Antihyperglycemic Effect of Fenugreek and Ginger in Patients with Type 2
Diabetes: A Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Elsaadany Mohamed A. , AlTwejry Hussah M. , Zabran Rwabi A. , AlShuraim Sara A. , AlShaia Wala'a A. , Abuzaid Omar I. , AlBaker Waleed I.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide chronic, complex, and
progressive disease that usually requires combination therapy for improved glycemic control.
Although conventional medicine showed more potency than herbal medicine, a combination of
both may result in better therapeutic outcomes with fewer side effects.

Objective:

This study was conducted to investigate the antihyperglycemic potential of fenugreek
seeds (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) and ginger root (Zingiber officinalis) in patients with
T2DM along with their usual antidiabetic medications.

Methods:

double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted using 33 cases, who were
randomly divided into three groups. The first group received oral placebo capsules (1 g 3 times a
day) and served as a control group, while the other two groups each received capsules of either
fenugreek or ginger powder of the same dosage (1 g 3 times a day). The study was conducted for
8 weeks and treatment effects in patients were assessed through the measurements of serum’s
fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, lipid profile, as well as kidney and liver functions.

Results and Discussion:

After 8 weeks of intervention, fenugreek and ginger induced a significant
reduction in FBS by 19.1 ± 3.8% and 16.0 ± 8.0% compared to their baselines, respectively
(p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, fenugreek significantly reduced HbA1c by 15.9 ± 4.9% compared to the
baseline, while ginger did not. Creatinine and triglyceride levels were also reduced significantly
(p ≤ 0.05) compared to their baselines in both fenugreek and ginger groups. However, all the
other parameters did not significantly change.

Conclusion:

This study provides evidence that using fenugreek and ginger may enhance glycemic control
in T2DM patients. Additionally, they might improve kidney function and lipids profile.

Clinical Trial Registeration:

The clinical trial has been registered with the number (2015-03‐229) at
King Fahd University Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Vaginitis Due to Pichia fermentans in a Patient Affected by Endometrial
Cancer: A Novel Case Report
Authors: Adampour Zarifeh , Hasanzadeh Malihe , Zarrinfar Hossein , Nakhaei Maryam , Babi Monika Novak
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the female genital tract, which can be serious or life-threatening. Microbial infections can be one of the underlying causes of this type of cancer.

Case Presentation:

The present study describes the isolation of Pichia fermentans (Candida firmentaria var. firmentaria) from the vaginal secretions of a 61-year-old woman affected by endometrial cancer. She reported abdominal pain and vaginal discharge for 3 months, and had a history of diabetes, hypertension, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). The isolated yeast was identified based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-ITS2 rDNA) sequence analysis. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing showed a higher effect for ketoconazole against P. fermentans than fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.

Conclusion:

Correct differentiation between P. fermentans and other yeast should be considered. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing is recommended for rare yeast, and will help the physicians in providing the best treatment.
A Case of Incidentally Detected Bladder Lipoma and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Emekli Emre , Gündoğdu Elif
Published: August 2021

Background:

Lipomas are benign fatty tumors made of fat tissue. Bladder lipomas are
extremely rare. For this reason, it is necessary to be aware of the imaging features when incidentally
detected in imaging.

Case Report:

In the abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) performed as part of the follow-up examination
of a 43-year-old patient, who had undergone surgery for adrenal adenoma five years earlier,
a 14x9x8 mm smoothly marginated, ovoid-shaped, hypodense mass lesion with a homogeneous
internal structure was detected in the anterior bladder wall. The pre-contrast density of the lesion
was measured as -105 HU. The magnetic resonance imaging performed one year after the CT
examination revealed a 14x9x8 intramural mass in the bladder wall, showing protrusion toward the
lumen. The mass was observed to be markedly hypointense on fat-suppressed T1 and T2-weighted
images and considered to be consistent with a bladder lipoma.

Discussion:

Bladder lipomas are benign lesions that can vary in clinical presentations but usually
cause hematuria. In imaging, bladder lipomas are present as homogeneous lesions containing
macroscopic fat. The differential diagnosis of bladder lipomas includes other mesenchymal rare benign
tumors that can arise from the submucosal layer of the urinary bladder including leiomyoma,
hemangioma, plasmacytoma, fibroma, and neurofibroma. Only the liposarcoma and pelvic lipomatosis
could show similar features. The less differentiated liposarcomas tend to present more heterogeneous
enhancement, irregular-shaped margins, and infiltrative behaviour. Also, appropriate multiplanar
reconstructions may allow the radiologist to determine if it is an extravesical pelvic lipomatosis.

Conclusion:

Using CT and MRI, the lesions that are rich in adipose tissue can be distinguished
from other lesions, and their diagnosis can be made to a great extent. However, a histopathological
examination is required for a definitive diagnosis.
T2/FLAIR Hyperintensity in Mesial Temporal Lobe: Challenging Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Moon Sungjun
Published: August 2021

:

T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the mesial temporal lobe is the most common MR finding
of herpes simplex encephalitis, but may be observed in other infectious and non-infectious diseases.
The former includes herpes human virus 6 encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, and neurosyphilis,
and the latter autoimmune encephalitis, gliomatosis cerebri, bilateral or paradoxical posterior
cerebral artery infarction, status epilepticus, and hippocampal sclerosis. Thus, T2/FLAIR hyperintensity
in the mesial temporal lobe is not a disease-specific magnetic resonance imaging finding,
and these conditions must be differentiated to ensure proper treatment. We review diseases
that present with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the mesial temporal lobe and provide a helpful flow
chart based on clinical and radiologic features.
Computational and Synthetic Biology Approaches for the Biosynthesis of
Antiviral and Anticancer Terpenoids from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Shukla Vibha , Runthala Ashish , Rajput Vikrant Singh , Chandrasai Potla Durthi , Tripathi Anurag , Phulara Suresh Chandra
Published: August 2021

Recent advancements in medicinal research have identified several antiviral and anticancer
terpenoids that are usually deployed as a source of flavor, fragrances and pharmaceuticals. Under
the current COVID-19 pandemic conditions, natural therapeutics with the least side effects are the
need of the hour to save the patients, especially, which are pre-affected with other medical complications.
Although plants are the major sources of terpenoids; however, for the environmental concerns,
the global interest has shifted to the biocatalytic production of molecules from microbial sources.
The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is a suitable host in this regard due to its GRAS (generally
regarded as safe) status, ease in genetic manipulations and wide industrial acceptability. The B.
subtilis synthesizes its terpenoid molecules from 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) pathway, a
common route in almost all microbial strains. Here, we summarize the computational and synthetic
biology approaches to improve the production of terpenoid-based therapeutics from B. subtilis by
utilizing DXP pathway. We focus on the in-silico approaches for screening the functionally improved
enzyme-variants of the two crucial enzymes namely, the DXP synthase (DXS) and Farnesyl Pyrophosphate
Synthase (FPPS). The approaches for engineering the active sites are subsequently explained.
It will be helpful to construct the functionally improved enzymes for the high-yield production
of terpenoid-based anticancer and antiviral metabolites, which would help to reduce the cost and
improve the availability of such therapeutics for the humankind.
High-speed Atomic Force Microscope Technology: A Review
Authors: Li Peng , Xu Ke , An Qiang
Published: August 2021

:

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is widely used in many fields such as biology, materials, and physics due to its advantages of simple sample preparation, high-resolution topography measurement and wide range of applications. However, the low scanning speed of traditional AFM limits its dynamics process monitoring and other further application. Therefore, the improvement of AFM scanning speed has become more and more important. In this review, the working principle of AFM is first proposed. Then, we introduce the improvements of cantilever, drive mechanism, and control method of the high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM). Finally, we provide the next developments of HS-AFM.
Nanocrystals: A Strategic Approach for the Development of Futuristic
Nano-formulations and their Patenting Applicability
Authors: Goel Surya , Agarwal Vijay , Sachdeva Monika
Published: August 2021

Background:

Nanocrystals have been found as potent, beneficial, and advantageous
nanocarrier systems for ameliorating the solubility, bioavailability and permeability of those drug
candidates that are less water-soluble and permeable. Such an approach possesses many
complications that require more research work.

Objective:

The main objective of the manuscript is to prepare a review on all the aspects of
nanocrystals that includes their advantages, recent advancements, preparation methods, recent
patents, marketed products, and some patents related to their characterization techniques.

Methods:

This manuscript has been accrued through the help of online and offline journals, books,
and other accessible sources. This field involves new developments or inventions in the novel
nanocarrier system.

Results:

Nanocrystals have been found to exhibit better potentiality to sort out different problems
like poor drug absorption, drug-associated side effects, targeted drug delivery. In the last decade,
these nanocarriers have been opted for resolving the problem produced due to less soluble drugs. By
conducting more research, this field can be more beneficial to the health sector.

Conclusion:

Nanocrystals contribute significantly to deliver several drugs via different routes like
topical, oral ophthalmic, pulmonary and parenteral. This manuscript substantially shows the
applicability and importance of nanocrystals as a drug delivery carrier to treat various health issues.
Effect of Metal and Non-metal Doping on the Photocatalytic Performance
of Titanium dioxide (TiO2): A Review
Authors: Aljaafari Abdullah
Published: August 2021

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a known semiconducting material that has been effectively
used in photo-catalytic processes to promote environmental sustainability. It can also reduce the environmental
chaos caused by fossil fuel combustion to meet energy demands. Many studies have
proposed modifications of the large band gap in TiO2, which causes visible light activation during
photocatalytic reactions when exposed to UV light radiation. Therefore, many alterations, such as the
doping of nonmetals and metals to TiO2, have been investigated. In this review, we discuss advanced
preparation techniques for TiO2 with various dopants and techniques. Characterization methods were
performed to evaluate the structural, morphological, and optical properties of TiO2 doped with metal
and nonmetal ions, such as S, C, N, Fe, B, W, Ag, Nb, and Zn, by various synthesis methods. We
also explored the experimental and other characteristics to determine the best doping component for
use in real-time applications.
High Expression of MYL9 Indicates Poor Clinical Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Deng Yuao , Liu Longyang , Feng Weifeng , Lin Zhongqiu , Ning Yingxia , Luo Xin
Published: August 2021

Background:

The prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is poor, but the prognostic
biomarkers are neither sensitive nor specific. Therefore, it is very important to search novel
prognostic biomarkers for EOC.

Objectives:

The present study aimed to investigate Myosin Light Chain 9(MYL9) expression in
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) tissues (including paraffin-embedded and fresh tissue samples)
and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics, as well as its potential prognostic value
in patients with EOC.

Methods:

Between March 2009 and December 2018, all of 184 paraffin-embedded cancer tissues
from patients with EOC and 41 paratumor tissues, pathologically confirmed at the Memorial Hospital
of Sun Yat-sen University and Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern
Medical University, were collected for the present study and were assessed for MYL9 protein expression
patterns using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Furthermore, from August 2013 to November
2019, 16 fresh EOC tissues and their paired paratumor tissues, pathologically confirmed at the
Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University were analyzed
using Reverse-Transcription Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect MYL9 mRNA expression levels.

Results:

The results showed that MYL9 expression was higher in cancer tissues compared with
that in paratumor tissues, and MYL9 overexpression was associated with shorter Recurrence Free
Survival (RFS) and Overall Survival (OS) of EOC patients. Furthermore, multivariate Cox model
analysis indicated that MYL9 overexpression was an independent poor survival prediction in patients
with EOC.

Conclusion:

MYL9 is upregulated in EOC and may serve as a useful patent of prognostic biomarker
in EOC, and it may demonstrate an important value for the clinical treatment and supervision of
patients with EOC.
CRISPER/Cas in Plant Natural Product Research: Therapeutics as Anticancer and other Drug Candidates and Recent Patents
Authors: Dey Abhijit , Nandy Samapika
Published: August 2021

Background:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated9 (Cas9) endonuclease system is a facile, highly efficient and selective site‐directed mutagenesis tool for RNA-guided genome-editing. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing strategy uses designed guide-RNAs that recognize a 3 base-pair protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence in the target-DNA. CRISPR/Cas-editing tools have mainly been employed in crop plants in relation to yield and stress tolerance. However, the immense potential of this technology has not yet been fully utilized in medicinal plants in deciphering or modulating secondary metabolic pathways, producing therapeutically active phytochemicals against cancer and other diseases.

Objective:

The present review elucidates the use of CRISPR-Cas9 as a promising genome-editing tool in plants and plant-derived natural products with anticancer and other therapeutic applications. It also includes recent patents on the therapeutic applications of CRISPR-CAS systems implicated in cancer and other human medical conditions.

Methods:

Popular search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google Patents, Medline, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, EMBASE, Mendeley etc., were searched in order to retrieve literature using relevant keywords viz. CRISPER/Cas, plant natural product research, anticancer, therapeutics etc., either singly or in various combinations.

Results:

Retrieved citations and further cross-referencing among the literature have produced a total number of 71 publications and 3 patents cited in this work. Information presented in this review aims to support further biotechnological and clinical strategies to be carried using CRISPER/Cas mediated optimization of natural plant products against cancer and an array of other human medical conditions.

Conclusion:

Off late, knock-in and knock-out, point mutation, controlled tuning of gene-expression, and targeted mutagenesis have been enabled the versatile CRISPR/Cas-editing device to engineer medicinal plants’ genomes. In addition, by combining CRISPR/Cas-editing tools with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and various tools of system biology, many medicinal plants have been engineered genetically to optimize the production of valuable bioactive compounds of industrial significance.
A Review of DNA Data Storage Technologies Based on Biomolecules
Authors: Zhang Lichao , Lv Yuanyuan , Xu Lei , Zhou Murong
Published: August 2021

:

In the information age, data storage technology has become the key to improving computer
systems. Since traditional storage technologies cannot meet the demand for massive storage, new DNA
storage technology based on biomolecules attracts much attention. DNA storage refers to the technology
that uses artificially synthesized deoxynucleotide chains to store and read all information, such as documents,
pictures, and audio. First, data are encoded into binary number strings. Then, the four types of
base, A(Adenine), T(Thymine), C(Cytosine), and G(Guanine), are used to encode the corresponding binary
numbers so that the data can be used to construct the target DNA molecules in the form of deoxynucleotide
chains. Subsequently, the corresponding DNA molecules are artificially synthesized, enabling
the data to be stored within them. Compared with traditional storage systems, DNA storage has
major advantages, such as high storage density, long duration, as well as low hardware cost, high access
parallelism, and strong scalability, which satisfies the demands for big data storage. This manuscript
first reviews the origin and development of DNA storage technology, then the storage principles, contents,
and methods are introduced. Finally, the development of DNA storage technology is analyzed.
From the initial research to the cutting edge of this field and beyond, the advantages, disadvantages, and
practical applications of DNA storage technology require continuous exploration.
Mini-Review on SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neurological Manifestations: A Perspective
Authors: Chavda Vishal , Jan Arif Tasleem , Yadav Dhananjay
Published: August 2021

:

The coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-19), with its rapid rate of transmission, has progressed with a great impact on respiratory function and mortality worldwide. The nasal cavity is the promising gateway of SARS-CoV-2 to reach the brain via systemic circulatory distribution. Recent reports have revealed that the loss of involuntary process of breathing control into the brainstem that results in death is a signal of neurological involvement. Early neurological symptoms, like loss of smell, convulsions, and ataxia, are the clues of the involvement of the central nervous system that makes the entry of SARS-CoV-2 further fatal and life-threatening, requiring artificial respiration and emergency admission in hospitals. Studies performed on patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 has revealed three-stage involvement of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Direct involvement of CNS with headache, ataxia, dizziness, altered or impaired consciousness, acute stroke or seizures as major symptoms, peripheral involvement with impaired taste, smell, vision, and altered nociception, and skeletal muscle impairment that includes skeletal muscle disorders leading to acute paralysis in a particular area of the body. In the previous era, most studied and researched viruses were beta coronavirus and mouse hepatitis virus, which were studied for acute and chronic encephalitis and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Although the early symptoms of SARS-CoV are respiratory pathogenesis, the differential diagnosis should always be considered for neurological perspective to stop the mortalities.
The Link between Exercise and Homocysteine in the Alzheimer’s Disease: A Bioinformatic Network Model
Authors: Leão Luana Lemos , Felício Laís Francielle Francisca , Engedal Knut , Tangen Gro Gujord , Kristiansen Kari Midtbø , Santos Sérgio Henrique Sousa , de Paula Alfredo Maurício Batista , Monteiro-Junior Renato Sobral
Published: August 2021

Elevated peripheral expression of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with an increased
risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, diabetes, and cancer. It is also associated with cognitive
impairment as it has been reported that high levels of Hcy cause cognitive dysfunction and memory
deficit. Among several etiological factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative
diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Hcy seems to directly contribute to the generation
of neurotoxicity factors. This study aims to hypothesize the molecular mechanism by which exercise
can reduce the risk of neurological complications promoted by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy),
and discuss how exercise could reduce the risk of developing AD by using bioinformatics network
models. According to the genes network, there are connections between proteins and amino
acids associated with Hcy, exercise, and AD. Studies have evidenced that exercise may be one of
several processes by which acid nitric availability can be maximized in the human body, which is
particularly important in reducing cell loss and tau pathology and, thereby, leading to a reduced
risk of complications associated with HHcy and AD.
HPLC-UV Method Development and Validation for Sulfadoxine from its Potential Interfering Impurities
Authors: Gadhari Nayan S. , Gholave Jayram V. , Patil Suyog S. , Patil Ajay R. , Shelke Kiran F. , Patil Viswanath R. , Upadhyay Sharad S.
Published: August 2021

Objective:

To address the separation of interfering potential impurities associated with
the drug is always a daunting task. We present the method validation and quantitative determination
of sulfadoxine (SUL), an anti-malarial drug with the most important interfering impurities present
in pharmaceutical dosages and bulk samples using HPLC-UV method.

Methods:

The UV detection was obtained at 270 nm and SUL is separated on Sunfire C18 (25 cm
x 4.6 mm x 5 μm) column at 45°C with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in a mobile phase (CH3COOH:
CH3CN). The stress testing (acidic/basic/oxidative) was performed using HPLC for SUL and its
impurities, showing the highly efficient separation peaks between degradant and drug products.

Results:

The developed method was found to be highly accurate and sensitive in regulation with
ICH guidelines. Also, it was found to be free from interference from degradation products which allows
the stability indicating capability of developed HPLC-UV method for SUL for validation in
bulk drugs.

Conclusion:

The main advantages of the present method; (a) Separation achieved in 30 minutes,
(b) MS compatible mobile phase renders this developed method can be directly adapted to LC-MS
without any major modifications in the near future, and (c) separation of twelve impurities on Sunfire
C18 column. The CFs (correction factors) had been calculated for all the impurities. It was
found to be 1.6 (IMP IX), 1.70 (IMP XI) and in between 0.8-1.3 for all other impurities. The LOD
of the developed method for all the analytes was in the range of 0.05 to 0.11 μg/mL and the LOQ
values were in the range of 0.17 to 0.36 μg/mL.
Dual Metal Triple-Gate-Dielectric (DM_TGD) Tunnel Field Effect Transistor: A Novel Structure for Future Energy Efficient Device
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar , Fui Tan Chun
Published: August 2021

Background:

Power reduction is a serious design concern for submicron logic circuits,
which can be achieved by scaling the supply voltage. Modern Field Effect Transistor (FET) circuits
require at least 60 mV of gate voltage for better current drive at room temperature. The tunnel Field
Effect Transistor (TFET) is a leading future device due to its steep Subthreshold Swing (SS), which
makes its ideal device at low power supply. Steep switching TFET can extend the supply voltage
scaling with improved energy efficiency for both digital and analog applications. These devices suffer
from large ambipolar current, which cannot be reduced using Dual Metal Gate (DMG) alone.
Gate dielectric materials play a key role in suppressing the ambipolar current.

Objective:

This paper presents a new structure known as Triple-Gate-Dielectric (DM_TGD) TFET,
which combines the dielectric and work function engineering to solve these problems.

Methods:

Because high dielectric material alone as gate oxide increases the fringing fields, which
results in higher gate capacitance. The proposed structure uses DMG with three dielectric gate materials
titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2). This structure has
been simulated using 2-D ATLAS simulator in terms of drive current (Ion), ambipolar current (Iamb)
and transconductance (gm).

Results:

The device offers better gm, lower SS, lower leakage and larger drive currents due to
weaker insulating barriers at the tunneling junction. Furthermore, higher effective dielectric constant
gives better gate coupling and lower trap density.

Conclusion:

The proposed structure suppresses the ambipolar current and enhances the drive current
with reduced SCEs.
Withdrawal Notice: A Novelistic Approach for Delivering of API through a Transvermillion Route: An updated review
Authors: Singh Bhavana , Madhav N V Satheesh
Published: August 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Drug Research Reviews due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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Framework for the Design of Cannabis-Mediated Phase I Drug-Drug
Interaction Studies
Authors: Shuster Diana L. , Pastino Gina , Cerneus Dirk
Published: August 2021

:

Cannabis has become legal in much of the United States similar to many other countries,
for either recreational or medical use. The use of cannabis products is rapidly increasing while the
body of knowledge of its myriad of effects still lags. In vitro and clinical data show that cannabis’
main constituents, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, can affect pharmacokinetics (PK),
safety, and pharmacodynamics (PD) of other drugs. Within the context of clinical drug development,
the widespread and frequent use of cannabis products has essentially created another special population:
the cannabis user. We propose that all clinical drug development programs include a Phase 1
study to assess the drug-drug interaction potential of cannabis as a precipitant on the PK, safety, and if
applicable, the PD of all new molecular entities (NMEs) in a combination of healthy adult subjects as
well as frequent and infrequent cannabis users. This data should be required to inform drug labeling
and aid health care providers in treating any patient, as cannabis has quickly become another common
concomitant medication and cannabis users, a new special population.
Inhibitory Effect of Some Methylxanthines on Copper Corrosion in 1M HNO3: Experimental, DFT and QSPR Studies
Authors:   Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire, Kouakou Victorien , André Tigori Mougo ,   UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire, Kouyaté Amadou ,   UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire, Marius Niamien Paulin ,   Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire
Published: August 2021

Inhibition corrosion of metals by using organic compounds has become an unavoidable means. So, in this work, the effect of methylxanthines on copper corrosion inhibition in 1M HNO3 was investigated by mass loss measurements and by two theoretical approaches: Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Quantitative Structure Property Relationship (QSPR.) Quantum chemical calculations based on DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level permit to establish a correlation between the quantum chemical parameters and the experimental inhibition efficiency (IE %). It was found that inhibition efficiencies increase with increasing temperature and immersion time. In addition, the QSPR approach was used to find the best set of parameters for each molecule. This set of parameters make it possible to characterize the inhibition performance of the tested molecules solution significantly. The theoretical calculations are consistent with the experimental results.
The Use of Low Ammonia Concentration in the Radiochemical Purity Test of [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP by Using the Thin Layer Chromatography Method
Authors:   Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (PTRR - BATAN), Rezka Putra Amal , Fauziah Asyikin Khoirunnisa ,   Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (PTRR - BATAN), Dwi Hendarto Robertus ,   Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (PTRR - BATAN), Ariyanto Agus ,   Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (PTRR - BATAN), Lestari Enny ,   Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (PTRR - BATAN), Juliyanto Sumandi ,   Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (PTRR - BATAN), Fikri Ahsanal ,   Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (PTRR - BATAN)
Published: August 2021

Radiochemical purity testing of [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP usually uses the Thin Layer Chromatography method. The mobile phase used is a mixture of 25% ammonia and water. However, the lowest ratio of 25% ammonia in the mobile phase is unknown. Therefore, research related to the use of the lowest concentration in the radiochemical purity test of [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP is necessary. This research method includes labelling of EDTMP using Samarium-153, preparation of the mobile phase with variations in the concentration of 25% ammonia: water, radiochemical purity test and data analysis using t-test statistics. The results of this study are the concentration of 25% ammonia: water (1: 9) to (1: 200) still shows good separation with Rf of [153Sm]SmCl3 and [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP at 0.0, 1.0 respectively, whereas with a thinner concentration of ammonia indicates less optimal separation with Rf [153Sm]SmCl3 at 0.35 to 1.0. Comparison of concentrated ammonia concentrations of 1: 9 and dilute 1: 200 was performed using a statistical t-test. The results of the data analysis showed that the two methods were not significantly different, indicated by the t-value of 0.82 less than 2.78. The conclusion of this study is that the lowest concentration of 25% ammonia and water in the radiochemical purity test of [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP is 1: 200.
The Effect of NaCl Concentration and Incubation Time on Oxalate and Total Acid in Fermented Cabbage using Various Microorganisms
Authors:   Chemistry Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, Srihardyastutie Arie , Prasetyawan Sasangka ,   Chemistry Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, Zikri Firdaus Radhinal ,   Chemistry Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, Berenice Prayugo Fidelia ,   Chemistry Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, Kresmonia Yolanda ,   Chemistry Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, Dwi Ananda Tinok ,   Chemistry Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, Salamah Alfi ,   Chemistry Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya
Published: August 2021

As the highest agrocultural product, cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) remain consider as perishable vegetable and also known to contain an antinutritional compound, called oxalate. The oxalate salts is non-soluble compound in water, and thus settle on human kidney. The preservation and improvement of the nutritional aspect of cabbage can be achieved by fermentation through the enzyme production. Therefore, we study the effect of salt addition and incubation time, as the two important factor in commonly cabbage-based fermentation, combined with someoxalate-degrading bacteria, which wasL. plantarum, L. plantarum – S. cerevisiae, and A. aceti – S. cerevisiae on the oxalate and total acid level in cabbage fermentation. The fermentation was conducted in submerged system at room temperature (25 – 27 °C) with the NaCl concentration addition ranging from 0 – 5% until 10 days. Those condition was carried out for the three types of the tested cultures. The oxalate and total acid level was measured using the permanganometric and acid base titration, respectively. The results indicated that L. plantarum-induced fermentation combined with 3% NaCl during 10 days gave the lowest oxalate level in the fermented cabbage biomass,which was 0.005 mg/100 g FW. Moreover, these single-cultured fermentation was able to produce the highest total acid level in the brine solution, 1.270% at the 8 days of fermentation. This fermentation serves as an alternative method to improve cabbage consumption.
The Effect of Temperature Synthesis on the Plate-Like Particle of Bi4Ti3O12 Obtained by Single Molten NaCl Salt
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Dea Marella Sheley , Aini Nur ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Hardian Arie ,   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Jenderal Ahmad Yani, Suendo Veinardi ,   Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi  Bandung,   Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Prasetyo Anton ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Published: August 2021

Three-layer Aurivillius compound bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) is well known for having interesting properties such as ferroelectric and photocatalyst. Many researchers reported that the unique plate-like shaped particle affecting ferroelectric and photocatalyst properties. The molten salt synthesis is the common simple method to obtain that unique morphology. In this research, Bi4Ti3O12 was synthesized using single molten salt NaCl at various temperatures, which is 800, 850, 900, and 950 oC. X-Ray Diffraction data showed that all obtained Bi4Ti3O12 have a B2cb space group with no impurities detected. The Raman spectra shows the characteristic vibration modes of Bi4Ti3O12 at 62, 117, 228, 269, 332, 364, 536, 851 cm-1. The plate-like shaped particle was confirmed by SEM analysis. Based on SEM images, the size of the particle increased along with the synthesis temperature, which is due to the thermal effect on grain growth.
Comparison of the Efficiency of Ultraviolet/Ultrasonic (UV/US) and Ultraviolet/Zinc Oxide (UV/ZnO) Technologies as Advanced Oxidation Processes in the Removal of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS), an Anionic Detergent, from Aqueous Media
Authors:   Students Research Committe, Research center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord , Iran, Razavi Tahereh , Fadaei Abdolmajid ,   Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical  Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Published: August 2021

Surfactants are one of the most commonly found xenobiotics in municipal and industrial wastewater. The purpose of this study was to compare ultraviolet/ultrasonic (UV/US) and ultraviolet/zinc oxide (UV/ZnO) processes in the removal of LAS from aqueous media.In this study, a medium-pressure UV lamp (125 W), an ultrasonic device (400 W and 42 kHz), and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were used. The concentration of LAS was 0.5, 14, and 21 mg/L in all experiments. Contact time of 8, 16, and 24 minutes, pH of 3, 7, and 11, and NP concentrations of 50, 100, 150 mg/L were selected. Detergent extraction was performed using methylene blue active substances.The results showed that the efficiency of UV/US process in the removal of LAS was 89.35%, while the removal efficiency of UV/ZnO process was 81.27%. In both processes, the rate of detergent removal increased by elongating the contact time from 8 to 24 minutes. The efficiency of UV/US process in LAS removal was greater than that of the UV/ZnO process. The findings showed that the removal efficiency of UV/US process was directly correlated with pH, while it had an inverse correlation with the removal efficiency of UV/ZnO process.
Coffee Biomass Encapsulated in Calcium Alginate as Material for Lead (II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions
Authors:   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Hanifah Sarina , Rusnadi Rusnadi ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Amran M. Bachri ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung
Published: August 2021

This work aims to study the removal of lead (II) from aqueous solutions with Ca-Alginate (CA) and Coffee-Calcium-Alginate (CCA). The coffee biomass were successfully prepared as the material to be encapsulated in calcium alginate. The characterization of the synthesized CA and CCA was performed using fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. The method used was batch study. Various factors which affected adsorption efficiency of lead (II) ions by CA and CCA, such as pH, agitation time, and adsorbent dose were investigated for determination of optimum experimental conditions. The result showed that CA and CCA had significant effects on adsorption of lead (ІІ) ions at pH = 4, agitation time of more than 120 min, and the adsorbent dose was 0.05 gram. Moreover, the Langmuir isotherm model showed that maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was 163.66 mg/g and 176.99 mg/g respectively for CA and CCA. The Langmuir isotherm was better described the adsorption equilibrium. Both of the adsorbent fitted to pseudo second order equations. These results demonstrated that CA and CCA show great potential to remove Pb(ІІ) ions from aqueous solutions.
Passive Daylighting Design Strategies of Colonial Mosques in Malaysia
Authors: Sanusi Aliyah Nur Zafirah , Abdullah Fadzidah , Othman Rosniza , Abdul Jamil Ahmad Faisal
Published: August 2021

This study aims to investigate the daylight performance of Colonial Mosques in Malaysia. The first objective of this study is to identify passive daylighting strategies from the colonial mosques. The second objective of this study is to evaluate the daylight performance of the colonial mosques. The research methodology consisted of table research, field observation, and daylight analysis simulation of the prayer hall in the Colonial Mosques, using Sefaira daylighting simulation software. The results have shown that the daylight in Colonial Mosques was affected by the building orientation, shading elements, window to wall ratio, and window type. It was also found that the clerestory window type enhances indoor daylight performance.
Keywords: Passive Daylighting, Colonial Mosques.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Eco Business Practices Among Malaysian Green Technology Companies Towards Expected Business Benefits
Authors: Buyong Siti Zahrah , Syed Marzuki Sharifah Zannierah , Junid Junainah , Abdul Kadir Mohd Ali Bahari
Published: August 2021

In Malaysia, environmental issues are increasing and achieving environmental consciousness and business success is very challenging. The objectives of this research are to know the relationship between regulations, customer pressure and social responsibility towards expected business benefits. Convenience sampling method was conducted to companies listed under Greentech provided by Malaysia External Trade Corporation (MATRADE). It is gathered from the findings that regulations, customer pressure and social responsibility appeared to have significant relationship towards expected business benefits. This research has a prevalent output as the findings serve as a vital component to facilitate the business operating system from the green practices.
Keywords: eco-business; Malaysian; green;companies
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2827