bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity of Modified Whisper Test as Hearing Screening Method in Presbycusis Patients
Authors: Najoan Rizki , Purnami Nyilo
Published: October 2021

Background:

Presbycusis is a hearing loss due to the degeneration process which is found at the age of more than 65 years old, with decreased hearing sensitivity in both ears, asymmetrical bilateral sensorineural detection type.

Objective:

To identify the validity of modified whisper test by detecting the hearing level in presbycusis patients.

Methods:

The design of this study was comparative, cross-sectional, prospective study. Subjects were elderly undergoing hearing monitoring at URJ Geriatric and URJ Audiology Dr. Soetomo Hospital, in August–September 2018 and examined using whisper test and audiometry. The statistical analysis used 2 × 2 tables, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.

Results:

The lowest sensitivity at frequencies > 41–55 dB was at 100%, the lowest specificity at 100%, lowest sensitivity at frequencies >56–70 dB was at 23.07% with specificity at 100%. The positive predictive value (NRP) at frequencies >25–40 dB was 88.46% while the negative predictive value (NPV) was of 100%.

Conclusion:

The modified whisper test can be used as early detection of hearing impairment.
Inner Ear Malformations in Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Tran Luan Viet , Duong Vu Anh , Lokman Saim
Published: October 2021

Objective:

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of the inner ear malformations (IEMs) in cochlear implant recipients according to Sennaroglu's classification, and to document the intraoperative difficulties and complications in those cases.

Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed at our hospital between January 2016 and October 2019. IEMs on temporal bone computed tomography scans were identified in all patients who received cochlear implants during the study. Intraoperative difficulties and complications relating to these malformations were described.

Results:

Twelve patients with IEMs were identified from a total of 212 cochlear implant recipients, representing a prevalence of 5.7%. Among them, one patient with incomplete partition (IP) Type I (8.3%), seven patients with IP Type II (58.3%), one patient with IP Type III (8.3%), one patient with cochlear hypoplasia (CH) Type I (8.3%), and two patients with CH Type III (16.7%) were identified. Associated enlarged vestibular aqueduct was found in four cases with IP Type II (33.3%). Round windows were not identified intraoperatively in 3 cases with CH (25%). Three cases (25%) had cerebrospinal fluid gusher (one patient in each of the following anomalies: IP-I, IP-II, and IP-III). The mean categories of auditory performance score was 6, which was collected within 23.3 months after the surgery.

Conclusion:

This study documents the prevalence of IEMs in cochlear implant recipients (classified by Sennaroglu in 2017). The identification of such anomalies will significantly aid surgeons in making decisions regarding cochlear implant candidacy and surgical strategy when cochlear implantation is contemplated to obtain optimal outcomes.
Estimation of surface layer scaling parameters using SODAR for the coastal site of Tarapur
Authors: Varakhedkar Vedesh Krishnacharya , Vanave Sanjay Vasudev , Baburajan Aramana , Saradhi I. V.
Published: October 2021

This report presents the directional dependence of surface scaling parameters, namely, roughness length and corresponding friction velocity, for neutral category at the Tarapur coastal site. The average roughness length of the lowest value of 0.5 m in the west (W) direction and the highest value of 0.885 m in the N direction has been observed and average friction velocity of the lowest value 0.39 m/s in the W direction and the highest value 0.73 m/s in the NW direction was observed for 2019. Sector average turbulent kinetic energy was estimated to be 1.413 m2/s2 and its dissipation rate as 0.33 m2/s3 for the 10 m elevation from the surface. Surface drag coefficient for the 10 m height was 0.0229 for the smooth ocean surface and 0.0255 for the land surface was observed for the Tarapur coastal site.
Lúpus de início tardio
Authors: Reis Neto Edgard Torres dos
Published: October 2021

O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença inflamatória crônica autoimune que pode acometer diversos órgãos e sistemas. Tem incidência variável, com 3,8 casos/100.000 habitantes na Inglaterra e 7,8/100.000 habitantes no Brasil. Com a melhora no diagnóstico e tratamento da doença nos últimos anos, além do aumento da sobrevida dos pacientes, tem-se observado cada vez mais frequentemente o surgimento de complicações decorrentes da doença ou de seu próprio tratamento, sendo o LES encarado como uma doença crônica.
Embora a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) defina idoso como todo indivíduo com idade maior ou igual a 60 anos, para a formulação de políticas públicas, o limite de idade pode variar de acordo com o país. É importante frisar que, seja qual for o limite mínimo adotado, faz-se necessário considerar que a idade cronológica não é um marcador preciso para as alterações que acompanham o envelhecimento, podendo haver grandes variações quanto a condições de saúde, nível de participação na sociedade e de independência entre as pessoas idosas em diferentes contextos. Descreveremos, a seguir, as principais características do lúpus de início tardio, com relação a sua epidemiologia, manifestações clínicas e tratamento. Na maioria dos estudos acerca do LES de início tardio ou lúpus de início no idoso, a idade adotada foi maior ou igual a 50 anos.
Artrite reumatoide do idoso
Authors: Torigoe Dawton Y. , Gennari Juliana D’Agostini
Published: October 2021

A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença inflamatória crônica sistêmica caracterizada por um processo inflamatório sinovial que gera a destruição da cartilagem articular e, posteriormente, o comprometimento de todas as estruturas da articulação.
Essa doença afeta comumente pacientes do sexo feminino, na idade entre 30 e 50 anos (artrite reumatoide do jovem – ARJ). A maioria dos estudos considera a artrite reumatoide do idoso (ARI) a que afeta pacientes a partir dos 60 anos de idade.
Existem características clínicas e laboratoriais que diferem a AR que acomete a população idosa da que acomete a população mais jovem (Tabela 1). Entretanto, há poucos estudos randomizados nessa população.
RASIO RENTABILITAS DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI VARIABLE MODERATING PADA BANK SWASTA NASIONAL
Authors: Dwiyani Titik , Purnomo
Published: October 2021

Penelitian dengan judul Analisis Rasio Rentabilitas dan Likuiditas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Bank Swasta Nasional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio rentabilitas dengan proksi Return On Assets-ROA, Return On Equity-ROE, Net Interest Margin dan BOPO serta rasio likuiditas menggunakan proksi Loan to Deposite Ratio- LDR, sedangkan variable dependen yang digunakan adalah Nilai Perusahaan. Sampel yang digunakan adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2008-2010. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 66 perusahaan dengan metode pengambilan data secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan analisa regresi menunjukkan bahwa variable ROA tidak berpengaruh signifikan,  variable ROE tidak berpengaruh signifikan, variabel NIM berpengaruh signifikan, BOPO tidak berpengaruh signifikan dan LDR tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Hasil uji secara bersama menunjukkan hasil  tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Hasil uji dengan variabel pemoderasi menunjukkan kemampuan mempengaruhi yang  yang sangat kecil. Sedangkan uji determinasi menunjukkan pengaruh yang sangat kecil yaitu 0.770. hal ini menunjukkan nilai perusahaan lebih ditentukan faktor lainnya yang tidak termasuk dalam model.
EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF COOKED BEANS (Vigna unguiculata) DIET ON LEARNING AND MEMORY IN MICE
Authors: Aduema W.
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The neurotransmitter, serotonin has neurobehavioural actions which include mood, memory, learning and sleep. Beans, the stable diet of Nigerians contains serotonin and its precursor, 5-Hydroxytryptophan in significant amounts. It was therefore the aim of this study to find out whether long term consumption of cooked beans (Vigna unguiculata) diet has effects on some neurobehavioural parameters notably; learning and memory, using Swiss white mice as experimental animals.Method: Thirty (30) CD1 mice were randomly assigned into three groups, viz; (10, control, 20 Test) weighing 15-30g were fed normal rodent chow, 50% cooked beans diet (w/w) respectively and serotonin precursor (5-HTP) diet (0.2mg/50g w/w) for thirty days. All the mice had access to clean drinking water ad libitum. Before the neurobehavioural parameters were assessed, the phytochemical analysis of the beans, LD50 of the beans (Vigna unguiculata) and that of the serotonin precursor (5-HTP) were determined. Serotonin concentration was measured in the beans using gas chromatography analysis. Learning and memory, was investigated alongside food and water intake and body weight change. Involvement of serotonin pathway was investigated using the set of mice administered serotonin precursor for comparison with the beans diet fed mice. Mice were tested in the Morris water maze for 8 days: 3 days of acquisition training, 3 days of reversal training, 1 day of single probe trial and 1 day for visible platform task.Results: Learning on days 1, 2 & 3 of acquisition training was improved in the cooked beans and serotonin precursor diet-fed mice when compared to control (p<0.001, respectively). The trend was similar during the reversal training, memory was improved in the beans and serotonin precursor diet-fed mice when compared to control (p<0.001). During the probe trial, the swim duration in the South-East quadrant was significantly higher for cooked beans and serotonin precursor group compared to control (p<0.05). However, during the visible platform task, the swim latencies for the cooked beans and serotonin precursor group was significantly lower compared to control. Our finding therefore suggests that long term consumption of beans diet enhances learning and memory. Conclusion and Recommendation: In conclusion, long term consumption of cooked beans diet enhances learning and memory.  If this research can be extrapolated to humans, we recommend that the serotonergic potential of beans may be harnessed in the prevention, treatment and management of behaviour/ mental disorders as this could potentially open up a vista for improved mental health status in populations globally.
Beyond an OSN Post: Looking at Emotional Valence and Request of Support/Information
Authors: Aguilar Megan , Beals Monica , Robbins Megan L.
Published: October 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that does not have a cure. Therefore, it is important for patients to receive support, which would allow them to ask questions and express their feelings. This study examined online social networks for patients with rheumatoid arthritis to better understand the emotional valence of their initial posts and whether there was an association between posts with negative emotional valence and requesting support/information. We hypothesized that the majority (more than 50%) of the emotional valence of initial posts would be negative, and that there would be an association between negative emotional valence and support/information. Nine hundred eighty-six initial posts from a rheumatoid arthritis online social network via Reddit were coded as either positive, negative, neutral, or mixed. In addition, the initial posts were coded as either requesting support/information, offering support/information, neither requesting nor offering support/information, or both requesting and offering support/information. Negative was the most common emotional valence in the initial posts followed by mixed, neutral, and positive. There was also an association between initial posts that had a negative emotional valence and requested support/information, and initial posts that had a negative emotional valence but did not request support/information. As a result, the implications of this study indicate the need for additional information and support to be provided to patients with rheumatoid arthritis, so they can have a better experience and an easier way to cope with their illness.
What Does Your Musical Instrument Say About You: Analyzing Musical Instrument Preference And the Big 5 Personality Traits
Authors: Waterman Morgan , Funder David
Published: October 2021

Personality traits have unique abilities to shine through every action, thought, and belief that an individual engages in. These traits, in addition to other influential life experiences, shape all expressions of personality. Past publications in psychomusicology suggest that music listening preferences can be measured and predicted by personality traits. The present study expands on these discoveries by asking the question: What correlations exist between the Big Five personality traits (Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Negative Emotionality) and musical instrument listening preferences? 202 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed a survey on Qualtrics measuring personality traits through the Big Five Inventory-2, as well as musical instrument and genre preferences. First, results revealed that individuals who prefer to listen to traditionally melodic instruments (such as guitar and piano) tend to have higher Agreeableness and Openness to Experience personality scores than those who prefer rhythmic instruments (such as bass and drums). Second, this study found significantly different Extraversion scores among musical instrument preferences. Third, this study found significantly different Extraversion scores among different musical genre preferences. The findings of this study indicate that musical instruments may provide more personality correlations than other musical elements, such as genres.
VẤN ĐỀ LAO ĐỘNG PHI CHÍNH THỨC - KINH NGHIỆM Ở MỘT SỐ QUỐC GIA
Authors: Nguyễn Thế Thắng , Vũ Thị Phương Thảo
Published: October 2021

Lao động phi chính thức là thành phần lao động tồn tại tất yếu trong mọi nền kinh tế dù mức độ phát triển, tính chất và hình thức biểu hiện khác nhau. Bài viết tập trung nghiên cứu các vấn đề liên quan đến đặc điểm lao động phi chính thức của một số quốc gia và khu vực, đặc biệt là chính sách mà các quốc gia này vận dụng để ra tăng hiệu quả của lực lượng lao động và giảm thiểu những hạn chế của họ đối với nền kinh tế và các vấn đề xã hội. Các quốc gia châu Âu tập trung vào các khía cạnh lương và phúc lợi, đồng thời với điều chỉnh quản trị nhà nước, trong khi đó các nước khác như Trung Quốc hoặc Ấn Độ chủ yếu thực hiện các hoạt động hỗ trợ phúc lợi nhưng chưa có hệ thống đào tạo và bảo trợ xã hội bền vững. Đây là những kinh nghiệm quí giá có thể học tập, vận dụng và xây dựng các giải pháp tình thế và giải pháp lâu dài với vấn đề lao động phi chính thức ở Việt Nam hiện nay.
MENACE OF FRAUDS IN THE INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY: An Empirical Study
Authors: Bhasin Madan Lal
Published: October 2021

Banks are the engines that drive the operations in the financial sector and growth of an economy. With the growing banking industry in India, frauds in Banks are also increasing and fraudsters are becoming more sophisticated and ingenious. While it is not possible for Banks to operate in a zero fraud environment, proactive steps such as conducting risk assessments of procedures and policies can help them hedge their risk of contingent losses due to fraud. Thus, time has come when the security aspects of the Banks have to be dealt with on a priority basis. As part of the study, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 2012-13 among 345 Bank employees “to know their perception towards bank frauds and evaluate the factors that influence the degree of their compliance level.” This study reveals that “there are poor employment practices and lack of effective employee training; usually over-burdened staff, weak internal control systems, and low compliance levels on the part of Bank Managers, Offices and Clerks. However, technology can play a major part in combating new-age frauds: proactive forensic data analysis and data mining techniques can help governments, regulatory bodies and Banks to counter the increasingly complex nature of frauds.
JOB SATISFACTION AMONG THE MEDICAL REPRESENTATIVES IN BANGLADESH: A Cross-Sectional Observation
Authors: Arafat S.M. Yasir , Hussain Fahad , Alam Md. Saiful , Rahman Md. Intazar , Asad S.M. Hafiz Al
Published: October 2021

Job satisfaction is one of the major factors leading towards heightening and expansion of monetary gain, lifestyle, work ethics, and happiness in personal, interpersonal, institutional and national domain. The factors determining the job satisfaction among medical representatives in Bangladesh were categorized into: a) role of person in question, b) accessibility to sufficient materials, c) payment status, d) performance based incentives, e) superior’s attitude, f) opportunity for personal development, g) job security, h) adequate welfare facilities, i) leave facility, and j) overall satisfaction in the job. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional analysis was carried out among subjects (medical representative in Bangladesh) who total to 310. Input and data were collected by means of questionnaire give out by means of convenience sampling. The preliminary questionnaire was based on 5 point Likert scale, and raw data was analyzed in SPSS version 16 & Microsoft Excel software. A collective of 11 months was taken for the collection and analysis of the data. This study conducted in determining multifaceted variables resulting in job satisfaction among medical representative in Bangladesh is supervisor’s attitude, job performance associated rewards, job security and personal development. Other factors that need to be improved due to resulting job dissatisfaction among medical representatives are job welfare, leave facility, and job security. As a whole we can conclude the two major factors demanding more attention be to be repaired so that it can help improve job satisfaction among medical representative in Bangladesh are leave facility and job security. Leave facility, job welfare and job security are ranked as one of the least satisfactory facet of being a medical representative in Bangladesh. Pharmaceutical companies have to review certain criteria such as job related-welfare, leave facility and job security to further increase the job satisfaction of their medical representatives. This would not only benefit career satisfaction of medical representative but further improve work quality provided by them.
ПЕТРОГЛИФЫ ЗАПАДНЫХ ОТРОГОВ ГОР АРХАРЛЫ
Authors: Горячев Александр Анатольевич , Галимжанов Саид Эдилевич , Гумирова Ольга Николаевна
Published: October 2021

Археологические исследования западных отрогов гор Архарлы позволили собрать материалы по 20 скоплениям петроглифов древности и средневековья. Основная их серия сосредоточена близ поселений и могильников, что позволяет включать наскальные рисунки в структуры этих археологических комплексов. Часть рисунков располагалась на традиционных маршрутах скотопрогонных трасс, что связывает их с хозяйственной деятельностью древнего населения. Наиболее многочисленную по количеству сюжетов группу составляют сопки с петроглифами, которые можно отнести к категории святилищ под открытым небом. Хронологический диапазон рисунков ‑ от эпохи бронзы до Нового времени. Содержанием скоплений петроглифов являются изображения животных: козлов, архаров, оленей, лошадей, верблюдов, быков, собак и хищников. В эпоху бронзы встречаются композиции с фигурами рожениц, сценами охоты и знаками. Петроглифы раннего железного века выделяются традициями скифо-сибирского звериного стиля, где ярким образом является фигура матери-прародительницы, показанная в изображениях козы с козленком, овцы с ягненком, либо оленухи с олененком. Ведущими сюжетами раннесредневековых петроглифов являются композиции с изображениями воинов-всадников. Среди рисунков средневековья и Нового времени отмечены тюркские и казахские родовые тамги, которые содержат важные исторические сведения о расселении отдельных племен в данном регионе.
Impact of Body Mass Index in outcome of Surgery of Valvular Heart Diseases
Authors: Hameed Khan Ammar , Muneeb M. , Usman Khan M. , Niazi Atta Ullah Khan , Haider Adnan , Ali Naqvi Syed Mazhar , Rana M. Asim , Hafeez M. Mansoor
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the role of body mass index (BMI)in clinical outcomes after valve surgery. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of cardiac Surgery, Shalimar Hospital, Shalimar Medical and Dental College, Lahore from 1stJuly 2018 to 30th June 2020. Methodology: A total of one hundred and fifty-nine (n =159) patients who had valve surgery were categorized into two groups based on their body mass index (BMI).Group A comprised forty-six patients with a body mass index below 18.5, while in Group B, one hundred and twelve patients were included with a BMI greater than 18.5.As it was a retrospective study the data for analysis were retrieved from the medical and perfusion records, post operative charts and operation theatre registers. All patients over 16 years of age and undergone the first surgical procedure were included. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients. The primary outcome of the study was to evaluate the mortality benefits between the two groups and the other outcomes were the difference in postoperative complications. Results: Patients in Group A; 60% were NYHA Class III & IV, mean pulmonary artery pressure was 59, atrial fibrillation was present in 48% and preoperative inotropes were needed in 15 % as compared to 10% in Group B. Majority of patient had rheumatic valvular heart disease in both groups (66% Vs 67%). The most common valve surgery done was isolated mitral valve replacement (MVR) in both groups (40% Vs 48%). Aortic cross-clamp was higher in Group A (73.4 min) and time for cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly longer in group B (91.2 min). Overall, in-hospital mortality was significant in Group A 10.6%, as compared to group B 5.4% (P=0.001). Moreover, total hospital stays (14.6 days Vs 9.8 days. P=0.003), blood transfusions (60% Vs 45%, P=0.002), complications (45% Vs 21%, P=0.0001) and readmissions (15% Vs 4.5%, P=0.01) were significantly higher in Group A in comparison to Group B. Conclusion: Patients with low body mass index have higher mortality and complication when compared with higher body mass index. These patients require risk stratification, intensive preoperative testing, and optimization of Nutritional status preoperatively. Key words: Body mass index (BMI), Valvular heart disease, Valve surgery
COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychological Stress and Coping Strategies among Doctors
Authors: Naheed Aqsa , Ahmed Aashi , Choudhary Zaidan Idrees , Fatima Sundus , Naseem Sajid , Ghias Mamoona
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress among medical doctors during the covid-19 pandemic and identify the coping mechanisms being employed by them. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Community Medicine, HITEC Institute of Medical Sciences, Taxila from 1st February 2020 to 31st July 2020 Methodology: Three hundred and ninety eight doctors (non-specialists, interns, junior consultants and senior consultants) from emergency services, medicine and allied and surgery and allied departments. Results: There were 224 (56.3%) females, 174 (43.7%) were males. Mean age was 35.2±8.6. Majority of participants were from medicine department (n=266,66.8%). Health professionals who worked at frontline during Covid pandemic were 186 (46.7%). One hundred and ninety four (48.7%) participants had no psychological distress, 62 (15.6%) had mild, 30 (7.5%) had moderate and 112 (28.1%) had severe psychological distress. BREIF-COPE questionnaire was found to have high reliability (Cronbach alpha=0.82). High mean scores were observed for Problem focused (4.7±1.4) and Emotional focused coping (4.7±1.1). Relatively low mean score was found for dysfunctional coping (3.3±1.0). A statistically significant low positive correlation ofIES-R scores was observed with Problem focused coping (r=.47, p=.001) and with emotional focused coping (r=.42, p=.001). However, moderately positive correlation was observed between IES-R scores and dysfunctional coping (r=.64, p=.001). Conclusion: Psychological distress was significantly higher among Covid-19 frontline health workers, particularly among postgraduate trainees working in Medicine and Emergency departments.
Comparison of General, Neuraxial/Regional Anesthesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Saeed Kamran , Saleem Akhtar Muhammad , Noor Fraz , Naveed Amir , Iqbal Junaid , Mehmood Mughal Naeem
Published: October 2021

Background: Total knee arthroplasty is an important procedure requiring accuracy and skill. The choice of anesthesia for better outcomes is a mandatory requirement in this procedure. Objective: To compare the outcomes of general verses neuraxial/regional anesthesia for total knee arthroplasty. Study Design: Comparative analytical study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopaedics, Sahara Medical College, Narowalfrom 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: Ninety nine patients within the age group >45 years were divided into three groups according to the anaesthetic technique applied (general, spinal or epidural). They were divided in three groups and each group had 33 patients. Patient’s informed consent was taken. Clinical history and information regarding to their physical heath were recorded prior to operation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.6±7.16 years. There were 53.5% male and 46.5% females in total. The BMI among three groups had no significant variance. Blood loss during surgery and duration of surgery were lower in general anaesthesia group. Post-operative pain within six hours and transfusion rate was less in neuraxial/regional groups. Conclusion: Neuraxial anesthesia is related with improved and effective outcomes in total knee arthroplasty with patients having less complains of pain especially in epidural and spinal anesthesia respectively. Blood loss was slightly and insignificantly lower in general anesthesia than epidural or spinal anesthesia types. Key words: Anesthesia, General anesthesia, Spinal anesthesia, Epidural
SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Variants: what do we know so far?
Authors: Pecho-Silva Samuel , Barboza Joshuan J. , Navarro-Solsol Ana C. , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Panduro-Correa Vicky
Published: October 2021

With the circulation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOC), there is a worry that an increase in transmission, hospitalisations, and deaths may occur efficacy of some vaccines may be compromised. Recently the WHO has recommended the use of labels with letters of the Greek alphabet. Then, the variants of concern are now called Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. So that the classification of the variants is more accessible and more practical when they are discussed in non-scientific audiences. In addition, the variants can be classified into three large groups according to their clinical capacity to affect global public health: variants of interest (VOI), variants of concern (VOC), and High consequence variant (VOHC). This review aims to explore the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 mutations and variants.
The Effect of Compensation and Career Development on Employee Turnover Intention in the Culinary Sector
Authors: Yadewani Dorris , Reni Wijaya
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of compensation and career development on employee turnover intention either simultaneously or partially. Based on the type of data and analysis, this research is classified as causal associative research. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The population of this research is all employees of PT Setya Kuliner Mandiri dBesto Chicken And Burger. Method of collecting datadone through a questionnaire. The data analysis method uses SPSS 24. The results of this study prove thatthere is an effect of giving and career development on employee turnover intention, either simultaneously or partially.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ БИЛИНГВОВ И ПОЛИЛИНГВОВ / FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF BILINGUALISM AND POLYLINGUALISM
Authors: Mkrtchyan N.
Published: October 2021

Данная работа посвящена особенностям развития детей -
полилингвов, задачам обучения детей из семей мигрантов, проблемам и
задачам, стоящими перед педагогами, значению билингвизма в
формировании человека новой культуры. Затрагиваются приоритетные
задачи образования в условиях поликультурья. / Тhis article is about the peculiarities of multilingual children's development, teaching children from immigrant families, problems and missions of teachers, the meaning of bilingualism in formation of new culture.
Priority tasks of education are touched upon multicultural conditions.
Development peculiarities of bilingual and multilingual children.
Christian Influence in the Bau-Jagoi Bidayuh Traditional Funeral Customs
Authors: Campbell Yvonne Michelle , Mikeng Damien Anak
Published: October 2021

The arrival of Christianity in the 19th century has greatly affected the traditional beliefs and customs of the Bidayuh in Sarawak, Malaysia. One of the rituals affected is that relating to funeral customs. This paper focuses on the influence of Christianity and modern lifestyle on the traditional Bidayuh funeral rites in this 21st century. The data were gathered from two funerals of traditional Bidayuh in Kampong Duyoh and Suba Baru of the Jagoi area; in Bau district. Traditional Bidayuh funeral customs are heavily influenced by their animistic beliefs and pagan/traditional rituals. Typical to any of the traditional funeral amongst the indigenous tribes of Borneo, a Bidayuh funeral is advised by a traditional priest. It is also a common trait to see it as a communal event where the whole village is involved during the wake and the funeral procession. With the conversion of most Bidayuh into Christianity, the traditional Bidayuh funeral and rites have been a rarity and exclusive only to those pagan Bidayuh. Younger generations are not exposed to the rites and tradition as funerals are in accordance to the Christian rituals. Even with the last remaining pagan Bidayuh, Christian influence could be seen in the traditional Bidayuh funeral rites and rituals.
Screening for active and latent TB among migrants in France
Authors: Luan L. , Fraisse P. , Cordel H. , Charlois C. , Méchaï F. , Ibanez G. , Hargreaves S. , Mechain M. , Vignier N.
Published: October 2021

SETTING: Migrants to Europe face a disproportionate burden of infections, including TB, yet little is known about the approach taken by primary and secondary care providers to screening and treatment. We therefore explored policy and practice relating to screening of active TB
and latent TB infection (LTBI) in France.METHODS: We conducted an online national survey of French primary and secondary care physicians regarding their practices in relation to TB/LTBI screening among migrants.RESULTS: 367 physicians responded to the questionnaire among
which 195 (53.1%) were primary care physicians, 126 (34.3%) were TB specialists in secondary care, and 46 (12.5%) other physicians; 303 (85.5%) were involved daily in the care of migrants. Most respondents recommended systematic TB screening with chest X-ray for migrants from medium and high-incidence
countries (71.9%). Primary care physicians were less likely to offer screening than physicians in other settings (aOR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09–0.48). 220 (61.8%) offered LTBI screening for children (<15 years) and 34.0% for all migrants from high incidence countries.CONCLUSION:
Improving awareness on TB screening is a critical next step to improve health outcomes in migrant groups and meet regional targets for tackling TB.
Barriers and Drivers of Public Preventive Behavioral Responses to COVID-19 Outbreak: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Zarei Leila , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Moradi Najmeh , Afsharmanesh Gita , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran
Published: October 2021

Background: When an epidemic outspreads, the society engagement seems essential to make sure of the population’s preparedness for taking individual precautions. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine public’s preventive behavioral responses to protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide a description of conceptual frameworks for deeper understanding of these behaviors. Methods: A self-administrated questionnaire was used in this online survey through social networks during March 19th to 26th, 2020 (n = 2550). A Likert scoring scale was employed to investigate barriers and drivers affecting the participants’ preventive behaviors. Using personal protective equipment and good hand hygiene practices were identified as person-based measures. Social distancing and the restriction of social and economic activities during the past two months were determined as community-based measures. Univariate logistic regression and multiple - logistic regression were used to identify and assess influencing factors. Results: The study results indicated that 2426 (95.1%) of the participants intended to restrict their social and economic activities, and 1968 (72.2%), 1637 (64.2%), and 2492 (97.7%) persons intended to observe social distancing, use personal protective equipment, and have good hand hygiene, respectively. The most important barriers for preventive behaviors were the lack of risk perception, economic and financial barriers, lack of access, and cultural barriers, respectively. The perceived benefit was among the most significant driver. Intention for person-based measures was less affected by demographic and economic characteristics in comparison with community-based measures. Conclusions: Considering the substantial impact of preventive behaviors on managing COVID-19 epidemic, this study findings have remarkable implications for governments to manage future communications as well as interventions during this ongoing outbreak and subsequent national risk events.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Toward Isolation Precautions Amongst Nurses and Auxiliary Nurses in Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Danaei Mina , McLaws Mary-Louise , Shayan Zahra , Momeni Mohsen , Aminnia Shiva , Yaghout Yasaman , Fereidoni Farideh , Groot Gary , Askarian Ardalan , Askarian Mehrdad
Published: October 2021

Background: Understanding the factors influencing nurses’ compliance with infection prevention strategies can assist in reducing occupational infections. Objectives: We surveyed nurses and auxiliary nurses in Shiraz, Iran, to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) towards isolation precautions (IP). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. A five-part self-administered questionnaire was used, addressing demographics and infection prevention knowledge; nine items on KAP towards standard precautions, five items on droplet precautions, six items about airborne precautions, and eight items about contact precautions. The independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation were performed. Results: The mean score of practice was lower than that of knowledge and attitude in all IP domains. Droplet precautions acquired lower KAP scores than other domains. There were significant positive correlations between KAP scores in all IP domains in nurses (P < 0.001) and auxiliary nurses, except for the correlation between knowledge and practice in terms of standard precautions (P = 0.099). In nurses, age significantly correlated with knowledge towards airborne precautions (P < 0.001) and with attitude regarding droplet precautions (P = 0.003). Nurses had significantly higher scores regarding knowledge (P = 0.037) and attitude (P = 0.009) towards standard precautions than auxiliary nurses. The persons who had previous training sessions presented a higher score of the practice dimension for droplet (P = 0.001), airborne (P = 0.011), and contact (P = 0.004) precautions. Conclusions: This study revealed a gap in Nemazee hospital nurses’ KAP towards IPs. Those responsible for infection prevention and control programs in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences must address this poor practice of nurses towards patient safety.
Tenet, Climate Change, and the Misdirection of Interpretation
Authors: Roth Ben ,   Society for the Philosophic Study of the Contemporary Visual Arts
Published: October 2021

Christopher Nolan’s seems a spy thriller in which a government operative saves the world. As others have noted, it is in a larger sense about climate change—even though it mentions it but once. Where the film has been dismissed as not saying anything substantial, or even read as promoting an activist message, I argue it is most coherently interpreted as a reactionary defense of the status quo. The film is about a war between the present and future, its heroes those who beat back time travelers trying to prevent us from destroying the planet. If audiences are not passive recipients of propaganda, but critical and cognitive, then blockbusters need to distract them from unavowable larger meanings by redirecting interpretive energies into the details; plot holes are not a bug, but a feature. The meticulous, puzzle-box construction of Nolan’s films, which encourages elaborate fan theorizing, distracts both viewers and Nolan himself from their ideological content.
Reconstrução de Uma Leitura Filosófica da Religião
Authors: Martin Clélia Aparecida ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

At the beginning of his philosophical production, Habermas notes a collapse of religious conscience that leads to mass atheism. With the shift to modem thought, the religious world interpretations were depreciate in its categorical system, and its character as unifier seal on the whole of social integration was gradually undermined and replaced by reason. Purposes of the texts of the 1980s, we find a new direction on the treatment given to the philosophical issue of religion, with the record of its legitimacy, unique form and recognition of its right to coexist with post-metaphysical thought. At texts of this Century, Habermas admits that the root of his thought is nourished by the Christian héritage, and that Christianity is not only a precursor figure to modernity normative self-comprehension, because the egalitarian universalism which arose ideas of solidarity living, conduct o f independent living and emancipation, human rights and democracy, is an immediate inheritance of Jewish ethics and Christian ethics of love. At this work, it's first exposed the gradual structuring of that thought, then it’s seek, at the later Habermasian diagnosis, what has changed. There would be a theological construction within Habermas thought?
Photonic Janus Carbon Fibers with Structural Color Gradient for Multicolored, Wirelessly Wearable Thermal Management Devices
Authors: Zhao Kai , Cheng Jie , Sun Nan , Wang Yunpeng , Huang Huolin , Zhang Shufen , Niu Wenbin
Published: October 2021

Janus structure offers materials unique functionalities which are difficult to achieve otherwise with isotropic counterpart, opening up new avenues in diverse application fields. Here, a series of novel photonic Janus carbon fibers (PJCFs) with structural color gradient and excellent mechanical stability are reported by introducing 1D photonic layers with a gradient of periodicity. By virtue of the unique photonic architecture, the PJCFs exhibit a multiple and continuous variation of structural color (i.e., structural color gradient) in a full spectrum. By controlling the thickness of periodic layer, a series of PJCFs with vivid and tunable structural colors ranging from blue, green, orange, to violet‐red can be obtained. Furthermore, their gradient structural colors remain constant after reciprocating rubbing and laundering, showing outstanding mechanical robustness. Notably, benefiting from the inherent electrothermal property and flexibility of CFs, the PJCFs display stable Joule heating performance even under deformation. As proof‐of‐concept, the PJCFs are further integrated with wireless transmission system to construct a multicolored, wirelessly controlled thermal management device, realizing remote and precise temperature manipulation via Bluetooth. This work provides not only a new platform for achieving distinct structural color gradient of CFs, but also a promising strategy toward next‐generation multicolored personal healthcare devices.
Experimental Approach for Complex Optical Fiber Angular Orientation and Twist Measurement
Authors: Idrisov Ravil , Baghdasaryan Tigran , Rothhardt Manfred , Geernaert Thomas , Bartelt Hartmut
Published: October 2021

Applications associated with complex, structured optical fibers having no circular symmetry often require information about their specific angular orientation. Such cases include, for example, splicing, sophisticated mode coupling, selective fiber Bragg gratings inscription, or direction‐sensitive sensing. Besides the external angular orientation of the fiber, additionally an intrinsic twist of the internal fiber structure has been identified as a critical parameter for applications. Such an intrinsic fiber twist might occur as a side effect of the fiber drawing process, or it may have been introduced intentionally as a special fiber property. In all such cases, a measurement of the local orientation along the fiber is highly desirable. A method for such measurements based on the analysis of the refractive–diffractive scattering patterns is presented. By comparing such measured patterns with reference patterns from modeling or from reference measurements, the orientation of the fiber can be identified with high accuracy and without measuring or reconstructing the detailed cross section of a fiber. The method, therefore, provides an approach for quick identification of a local angular fiber orientation status.
Directional, Low‐Energy Driven Thermal Actuating Bilayer Enabled by Coordinated Submolecular Switching
Authors: Leveille Michael , Shen Xinyuan , Fu Wenxin , Jin Ke , Acerce Muharrem , Wang Changchun , Bustamante Jacqueline , Casas Anneka Miller , Feng Yuan , Ge Nien‐Hui , Hirst Linda S. , Ghosh Sayantani , Lu Jennifer Qing
Published: October 2021

The authors reveal a thermal actuating bilayer that undergoes reversible deformation in response to low‐energy thermal stimuli, for example, a few degrees of temperature increase. It is made of an aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet covalently connected to a polymer layer in which dibenzocycloocta‐1,5‐diene (DBCOD) actuating units are oriented parallel to CNTs. Upon exposure to low‐energy thermal stimulation, coordinated submolecular‐level conformational changes of DBCODs result in macroscopic thermal contraction. This unique thermal contraction offers distinct advantages. It's inherently fast, repeatable, low‐energy driven, and medium independent. The covalent interface and reversible nature of the conformational change bestow this bilayer with excellent repeatability, up to at least 70 000 cycles. Unlike conventional CNT bilayer systems, this system can achieve high precision actuation readily and can be scaled down to nanoscale. A new platform made of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in tandem with the bilayer can harvest low‐grade thermal energy and convert it into electricity. The platform produces 86 times greater energy than PVDF alone upon exposure to 6 °C thermal fluctuations above room temperature. This platform provides a pathway to low‐grade thermal energy harvesting. It also enables low‐energy driven thermal artificial robotics, ultrasensitive thermal sensors, and remote controlled near infrared (NIR) driven actuators.
Three‐dimensional virtual flower bud of walnut tree based on micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Gao Zhaoquan
Published: October 2021

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the most widely cultivated and high‐yielding tree nut in temperate areas. In‐depth study of walnut flower bud structure has important practical applications for early determination of flower bud's quality and to promote scientific production guidance. The flower buds of walnut tree were scanned by micro‐computed tomography (Micro‐CT) and the three‐dimensional (3D) virtual flower buds of the same were reconstructed based on the scanned images. The reconstructed flower buds exhibited the shape, size, exterior characteristics, and internal structure clearly as that of real walnut flower buds, including scales, leaf primordia, bracts, and female floral primordia from out‐ to inward. The results showed that the female flower bud had nine scales, seven leaf primordia and two female floral primordia. The male flower buds are pinecone‐shaped and contain multiple male flowers. Each male flower is divided into bracts, calyx, and stamens from outside to inside. Our study showed that the Micro‐CT could achieve the 3D visualization of walnut flower buds, and could also create videos of the virtual observation of fruit tree flower buds, providing an effective way for digital flower bud construction.
Global food security post COVID‐19: Dearth or dwell in the developing world?
Authors: Panghal Anupama , Mor Rahul S , Kamble Sachin S. , Khan Syed Abdul Rehman , Kumar Dinesh , Soni Gunjan
Published: October 2021

Today, global food systems are highly susceptible to food safety risks, economic shocks, price volatility, and natural disasters and pandemics, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19). This paper draws from research on food and nutritional security, food fraud and associated economic ecosystem, and the disruptions due to COVID‐19 for socio‐economic inequality globally. It is concluded that the safety risks have pushed enforcement of measures to reduce food supplies, adversely impacting food availability. Also, COVID‐19 is likely to raise fleeting food security and nutritional concerns across the globe, resulting in rises in poverty and food fraud, limiting food supply and access. Accelerated investments intended to develop more inclusive, sustainable, and resilient food systems will help shrink the effect of the pandemic and, hence, offer a way to control the foreseen food security crisis and economic growth.
Study on the fluidity of ash slag of liquefaction solid product and lignite co‐gasification
Authors: Wang Jiajian , Liu Xia , Guo Qinghua , Cao Xi , Wu Hao , Yu Guangsuo
Published: October 2021

The utilization of liquefaction solid product (LSP) obtained from fluidization reaction pyrolysis has become a pressing obstacle limiting the industrialization of coal liquefaction technology. In this work, gasification of LSP and Hami lignite coal (LC) and their blend at different ratios was investigated. In addition, the melt flow, mineral transformation, and crystallization behavior in the fusion process and cooling process were investigated. The results show that both LSP and LC are typical crystalline slags and cannot be applied to entrained flow gasification alone. The co‐gasification of LC and LSP is a feasible method to improve their fluidity. At the ratio of 2:1 (LC to LSP), the blend has the lowest AFT. For molten slag, viscosity of the sample corresponded well to the structure of the slag. LC1:2LSP with higher Q2 and Q3 content showed a high viscosity, while LC1:2LSP with higher Q0 and Q1 content showed a lower viscosity. Besides, the size of the crystals generated during cooling is inversely proportional to the high‐temperature viscosity of the sample, the migration of ions became difficult, and the growth of crystal size was inhibited at high viscosity. Meanwhile, the slag type of samples was influenced by the precipitated crystals. Tcv can be effectively reduced by blending LC with LSP in a certain proportion. The results provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of LSP for the operation of entrained flow gasification.