bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disciplining staff: taking a step-by-step approach
Authors: Ashwood Lee
Published: June 2016

Having to discipline a wayward employee is an inevitable part of being a business owner. Lee Ashwood explains the steps you need to take to ensure the process is fair and legal
The pursuit of gold standard care with genuine customer reviews
Authors: Perrin James
Published: June 2016

Reviews of a care establishment can offer a valuable insight into its standard and appropriateness. However, reviews that are not genuine can be very misleading for an older person and their family. James Perrin advises how to avoid them
Getting ‘hands on’: basic life support training in care homes
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: June 2016

Some care home residents are not just elderly, but also very frail. Adrian Ashurst discusses the importance of all care home staff knowing first aid, basic life support training and what to do in an emergency situation
Make Greek mythology relevant to life today
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: June 2016

Use children's fantasy adventure, Percy Jackson and the Lightening Thief, to familiarise children with Greek myths, provoke debate and create links to art.
MPs demand action on teacher recruitment in damning report
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: June 2016

Committee of Public Accounts blasts ‘woefully aloof’ DfE for failing to understand the recruitment difficulties being experienced by schools
Considering academy conversion?
Authors: Cruddas Leora
Published: June 2016

Schools across England will be considering what the government's complete academisation ambition means for them. Leora Cruddas, an expert from the Association of School and College Leaders, offers some advice to help leaders reflect on this crucial issue
Ideas for taking learning outdoors
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: June 2016

As the weather gets warmer and the year draws to a close, Karen Sullivan urges teachers to take their classes outside…
Alumni networks planned for 12,000 students
Authors: Gilbert Christine
Published: June 2016

The charity Future First is leading on a project to deliver ‘old school tie’ alumni networks for 12,000 students in the South West of England. Christine Gilbert explains more
Evaluating character provision
Authors: Bawden Matt
Published: June 2016

Make a difference to personal development, behaviour and welfare – Matt Bawden explains how character education can set the tone across a school and offers a self-evaluation framework
Taking educated risks in our schools
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: June 2016

Over the next four weeks, Matt Bromley will be discussing how to encourage and manage a culture of risk-taking in your school's teaching and learning. First, he discusses the challenges facing schools in different Ofsted categories, including the conundrum of teacher autonomy vs consistency
Distal triceps ruptures
Authors: Demirhan Mehmet , Ersen Ali
Published: June 2016

Distal triceps ruptures are rare injuries due to the special anatomical features of the muscle and tendon–bone junction. This injury typically occurs at the tendon–bone junction due to an eccentric contraction of the muscle. The treatment is controversial, especially in partial ruptures; surgical repair is indicated for complete ruptures of the distal triceps tendon. Several repair techniques have been described for acute complete ruptures. Chronic ruptures often require reconstruction rather than direct repair.

Cite this article: Demirhan M, Ersen A. Distal triceps ruptures. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:255-259. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000038.
‘Islamonausea, not Islamophobia’: The many faces of cyber hate speech
Authors: Aguilera-Carnerero Carmen , Azeez Abdul Halik
Published: June 2016

Muslims have been the target of discriminatory attitudes – especially after 9/11 – by certain sectors of society, leading to what is known as ‘Islamophobia’. This exclusionary tendency sees its most common manifestation in hate speech. Hate speech is multifaceted: it can attribute false assumptions to a religion, ascribe despicable facts to a religious community, mock their traditions and practices or, in the harshest cases, employ threat and verbal abuse. In the technological society we live in, the channel most commonly used for the expression of Islamophobia is social media; giving rise to a new variety of Islamophobia: Cyber Islamophobia. The aim of this article is to study how Cyber Islamophobia is articulated discursively by the average netizen (as opposed to the mainstream media), taking as its point of departure the analysis of a corpus of more than 10,000 tweets compiled around the hashtag #jihad. The study shows how discourse on social media amplifies and is more explicit in expressing the stereotypes and negative representations of Muslims present in mainstream media. The concept of ‘jihad’ is largely related with violence and war, and such acts are associated with Islamic religious duty. Narratives ‘otherizing’ Muslims are promoted and Islam is depicted as being ‘at war’ with the West. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that in this corpus, the vast majority of online discourse on jihad is carried out not by Muslims themselves, but by people with a clear Islamophobic/racist bias. In the light of Critical Discourse Analysis and the Corpus Linguistics methodology, we focus on a twofold target: (1) to identify the virtual communities created around certain religious and socio-political values; and (2) to unveil the correlations between them and the evaluation of Muslims and Islam by social media users.
Imagining Muslims as the ‘Other’ in Muslim political films
Authors: Khatun Nadira
Published: June 2016

Though secularism is an integral part of India’s democratic framework, its uses and limits have been questioned in the recent decades by scholars such as Sunil Khilnani, Gyanendra Pandey, Partha Chatterjee, Arvind Rajagopal, etc. Similar concerns have been raised by filmmakers such as Shyam Benegal, etc. According to Benegal, , while representing Muslims as a homogenous entity steeped in pre-modern sensibilities, Hindi films also contain Muslims within the dominant narrative of a normative upper-caste Hindu identity. This article explores the construction of communalism and nationalism by studying the position of Muslims in the complex representational scheme in popular Hindi films released in the 1990s and after. While analysing films such as Bombay (Ratnam, 1995), Fiza (Mohamed, 2000), Roja (Ratnam, 1992), Sarfarosh (Matthan, 1999), Mission Kashmir (Chopra, 2000), Black Friday (Kashyap, 2004), Fanaa (Kohli, 2006), Mumbai Meri Jaan (Kamath, 2008), Mission Istanbul (Lakhia, 2008), A Wednesday (Pandey, 2008), Kurbaan (D’Silva, 2009), Sikandar (Jha, 2009), New York (Khan, 2009) and The Attacks on 26/11 (Varma, 2013), this article deploys Edward Said’s notion of representation and knowledge as imbricated in issues of power, class and materiality. This paper adopts both a textual (that is, reading the films as texts) as well as a qualitative approach by way of conducting in-depth unstructured interviews with filmmakers and film-critics. This paper illustrates that popular Hindi cinema has dealt with the liminality of the Muslim ‘Other’ in the nation-space by representing Muslims either in stereotypical ways or by appropriating them into the normative Hindu self. Four key themes dominate the representational scheme in Muslim political cinema: the Muslim ‘Other’ as an enemy of the nation; an imaginary notion of monolithic ‘Hindu-ized nation’; Muslims as a source of terror within the nation-state; a conflation of Muslim-terrorist-Pakistani.
The strategic use of news coverage of the 2009 ‘Green Movement’ in the US and Iranian newspapers as social drama
Authors: Venger Olesya
Published: June 2016

Drawing on Victor Turner’s framework of social drama, this article employs Robert Entman’s approach to framing, developed in 1974 and revised in 1993, to analyse a series of demonstrations that erupted due to widespread fraud allegations after the elections of the Iranian President in 2009. Analysing the coverage of mass demonstrations, dubbed the ‘Green Movement’, this study investigates how Iranian and the US media have framed events/practices of public persuasion, expressed across political spectrums, given secular, religious, and nationalistic sentiments. Focusing on news framing during times of major social/political upheavals, this study spotlights the media’s use of religious rhetoric as a means of strategic communication. Findings demonstrate that news coverage symbolically reflected political tensions in the countries. The United States and Iranian media were on the opposite poles, with Iranian media vilifying and the US media glorifying the ‘Green Movement’ and opposition. The study juxtaposes the frames used by the media to cover the Arab Spring demonstrations that happened after the Iranian ‘Green Movement’ to those constructed by Iranian and the US media during the ‘Green Movement’ of 2009. Implications about the role of media and religion during popular mobilization movements are drawn.
From pan-Arab nationalism to political Islam: A Ricoeurian reading of Al Jazeera’s coverage of the ‘6th Arab-Israeli war’ in Lebanon
Authors: Saber Dima
Published: June 2016

Set within the wider framework of exploring the relationship between mediated representations of war and public understanding and perception of conflict in the Arab region, this article focuses on Al Jazeera’s coverage of the July war in Lebanon. From a broad theoretical viewpoint, it attempts to deconstruct the ‘ideological model of war’ as depicted by Al-Jazeera through its representation of the 2006 conflict between Hezbollah and Israel. When Al-Jazeera framed it as the ‘6th war’, it added Israel’s attack on Lebanon to the series of five episodes of the Arab–Israeli conflict; this war follows the 1948 Palestine War, the Suez War in 1956, the June War of 1967 and the October 1973 War. Stemming from the work of Paul Ricoeur in Time and Narrative (1984), this article suggests a reading of Al-Jazeera’s narrative of the war in three times: the first mediated configurations, the media emplotment, and the re-activation by the channel’s audience. While it situates the discourse of Al Jazeera in relation to the Voice of the Arabs radio, which advocated in the 1950s for a nationalist, resistant and anti-colonial identity, this article also explores the dual nature of Al Jazeera between pan-Arabism and political Islam.
Al Jazeera and the Australian public broadcasters
Authors: Bridges Scott
Published: June 2016

The Al Jazeera Media Network had a relatively low profile in the Australian media landscape until its English-language news channel signed reciprocal broadcast agreements with the two Australian public broadcasters in 2010 and 2011. As a result of those agreements, Al Jazeera English programs are now rebroadcast on the ABC and SBS’s terrestrial TV channels, and its content has become an important component of the public broadcasters’ in-house television and radio news bulletins. The agreements are mutually beneficial: through them Al Jazeera has achieved its greatest ever Australian broadcast reach, increased its brand awareness among Australians, and gained credibility through association with the respected ABC and SBS; while the public broadcasters have added breadth and depth to their international news at little-to-no cost in an age of shrinking news budgets. Drawing on content analysis and interviews with key managerial and editorial staff at the ABC and SBS, this article examines exactly what Al Jazeera English material the public broadcasters use, and how, finding that Al Jazeera offers the ABC and SBS’s viewers and listeners an additional perspective on news from around the globe. The article also summarises public and commentator reaction to Al Jazeera’s partnerships with the public broadcasters, demonstrating that the Qatari broadcaster does not face in Australia the kind of opposition it does in countries such as the USA.
Little steps: The absurdity of A Chorus Line
Authors: Herrera Brian Eugenio
Published: June 2016

By tracing some of the ways that Michael Bennett’s choreographic dramaturgy telescoped, refracted and collapsed the presumed dimensions of musical theatrical space, identity and emotion, this critical rumination listens for the experimental echoes in A Chorus Line. Explicating how A Chorus Line recasts the audition as an especially absurd dramatic scenario, I submit that Michael Bennett re-choreographs theatrical scale – especially through the musical’s fractal storytelling and composite characterizations – to magnify the scale, scope and impact of every little story told and every little step danced ‘on the line’ of A Chorus Line. I contend that A Chorus Line’s absurdity lay not only in its dramatization of (paraphrasing Martin Esslin) the metaphysical anguish that defines the entertainer’s life but also in how its ‘affective absurdism’ has emerged as one of A Chorus Line’s most enduring, influential yet unexamined legacies for the genre of musical theatre.
‘A Rainbow in Ev’ry Pot’: Southern excess, racial liberalism, and living large in Harburg and Lane’s Finian’s Rainbow
Authors: Bringardner Chase
Published: June 2016

When Yip Harburg and Burton Lane wrote their 1947 musical Finian’s Rainbow, they imagined the piece as a vehicle for a host of social justice concerns. Specifically, Harburg created the fictional place of Missitucky and its inhabitants to directly comment upon race and labour conditions in the American South. Yet despite his good intentions, Harburg’s efforts resulted in a musical full of more ambiguity and anxiety than resolution or happy endings. This article focuses on the character of Senator Bill ‘Billboard’ Rawkins to examine how Harburg’s attempts to use the musical as a platform for social justice resulted in the creation of a larger-than-life character full of contradictions. Through the lens of racial liberalism and critical race theory, this article considers Finian’s Rainbow as an important text that expresses the tensions present in Golden Age-era attempts to harness the performative power of the musical towards social justice ends.
‘There’s gotta be something better than this’: Challenging the role of big emotion in the transition from speech to song
Authors: Gow Sherrill
Published: June 2016

In musical theatre, the idea that a character sings because speech cannot capture the heightened emotion of a particular moment or situation is broadly accepted. As a director working regularly in training contexts, I see a fundamental problem with describing song as an expression of large emotions: it encourages students to play a generalized emotional state. I propose that emotion in musical theatre is complex, functioning differently whether dramaturgical, musicological or performative. I draw on scholarly critique of the form, practical approaches from guides to training, and reflect on practice-led research undertaken while directing postgraduate students at Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts in an abridged, in-house production of Sweet Charity (1966). Rather than adhering to the perception that singing in musical theatre is the outcome of big emotions, we found that focusing on the size of what’s at stake is a useful strategy for students. I suggest that if or when there is an emotional response to music, locating this response as an obstacle can provide something to actively play against and offer an alternative scale of ‘largeness’. Ultimately, however, I question the usefulness of approaching the transition from speech to song – in terms of scale, and advocate challenging such generalizations in musical theatre.
Book Reviews
Authors: Block Geoffrey , Purin Peter , Robbins Hannah , Stilwell Robynn J.
Published: June 2016

On Sondheim: An Opinionated Guide, Ethan Mordden (2016) New York: Oxford University Press, 198 pp., ISBN: 9780199394814, h/bk, $27.95

Music Theory Through Musical Theatre: Putting it Together, John Franceschina (2015) New York: Oxford University Press, 452 pp., ISBN: 9780199999552, p/bk, £25.99

American Cinderellas on the Broadway Musical Stage: Imagining the Working Girl from ‘Irene’ to ‘Gypsy’, Maya Cantu (2015) Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 288 pp., ISBN: 9781137561459, h/bk, $95.00

Music in the Shadows: Noir Musical Films, Sheri Chinen Biesen (2014) Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 210 pp., ISBN: 97814214-083805, p/bk, $25.00
‘What’s bigger than a standing ovation?’: Intimacy and spectacle at the Tony Awards
Authors: Sedgman Kirsty
Published: June 2016

In 1963, J. S. Siegels described two opposing methods by which artists could affect their audiences. The first was an aesthetic of grandeur: ‘a principle of force, based on the sheer size and power of the impression’. The second was an aesthetic of intimacy, ‘a principle of attraction: it demands a closeness of association between subject and audience, and necessitates identification and involvement’. Almost half a century later there remains a lingering understanding that intimacy and spectacle are irreconcilable. While small performances are increasingly praised for their ability to offer audiences ‘authentically’ intimate encounters with ‘real’ people, ‘largeness’ is often associated with artificiality, insincerity, the manufactured spectacular. By analysing online comments to a YouTube video of ‘Bigger!’ – the celebration of ‘Big Broadway’ performed by Neil Patrick Harris during the 2013 Tony Awards – this article shows how audiences are able to feel a sense of intimacy while watching big performances, even when these are not experienced ‘live’.
Editorial
Authors: Edney Kathryn , MacDonald Laura
Published: June 2016

This editorial provides an overview of, and the history behind, the special issue of Studies in Musical Theatre entitled ‘All Kinds of Music is Pouring Out of Me: Living Large and Feeling Big in Musical Theatre Performance and Reception’.
Broomsticks and barricades: Performance, empowerment, and feeling in Wicked and Les Misérables
Authors: Blair Kelsey
Published: June 2016

In this article, I examine the act one finales of two Broadway megamusicals – ‘Defying Gravity’ from Wicked (2003) and ‘One Day More’ from Les Misérables (1987) – to query the relationship between the performance of these numbers and the generation and circulation of feelings of empowerment. As musical theatre scholar Jessica Sternfeld argues, megamusicals offer a performance where ‘emotions run high [and] the tears tend to flow both onstage and in the audience’. Both ‘Defying Gravity’ (where one character in a single song offers a performance of empowerment) and ‘One Day More’ (where an ensemble performs empowerment) have been singled out for their affective impact on audience members and their association with empowerment. Through an analysis of these two numbers, I argue that the numbers’ artistic elements intentionally emphasize the performance of empowerment’s two defining characteristics, power and change, in order to amplify characters’ feelings of empowerment. This, in turn, establishes an affective link between stage and auditorium.
Too big for Broadway?: The limits of historical and theatrical empathy in Parade and The Scottsboro Boys
Authors: Stahl Megan
Published: June 2016

This article examines the concept of historical empathy through a case study of two factually based musicals: Parade (1998), about the murder trial and subsequent lynching of Jewish factory manager Leo Frank in 1915, and The Scottsboro Boys (2010), a retelling of the 1931 trial in which nine African American teenagers were unjustly convicted of rape. In contrast to theatrical empathy, typically characterized by a reflexive emotional reaction to the situation and feelings of another person, historical empathy requires an intellectual involvement with a piece, a consideration of the particular people, places and circumstances within a broader framework. Both Parade and The Scottsboro Boys challenge their spectators to confront two specific moments of racial bias in America through this kind of empathic perspective taking, destabilizing conventions of musical theatre in their prioritization of history over character. Through an analysis of the productions’ presentation of expansive historical narratives, disconcerting subject matter, and unconventional musical forms, this article explores the tension between theatrical and historical empathy in the musicalization of real-world events.
What a crescendo – not to be missed: Loudness on the musical stage
Authors: Valencia Brian D.
Published: June 2016

Recent research suggests that loudness, as an isolated aural quality, has an enormous ability to affect a listener’s emotional response to a musical performance – but loudness is far more complex than simply cranking the volume up or down. This article traces a history of loudness on the musical stage, exploring some compositional, orchestral, dramaturgical, and technical choices, in addition to a plethora of physical and cognitive phenomena, that contribute to a sense of musical largeness onstage, as well as its psycho-emotional consequences.
‘Only the last song if we let it be’: Dancer in the Dark, The Sound of Music and song and dance as traumatic container
Authors: Joseph Rachel
Published: June 2016

Lars von Trier’s homage to and critique of musical theatre and film in Dancer in the Dark (2000) uses the big musical theatre song and dance number as a place where the unfathomability of traumatic emotion is expressed. Trauma’s unfathomability comes from the inability of the person to process the traumatic event at the moment of its occurrence. It tears apart carefully constructed fantasies that structure reality and expose what usually hides from consciousness. Dancer in the Dark uses the framing device of The Sound of Music, both the original 1959 stage version and the 1965 film, and represents the absolute split between reality and fantasy as traumatized Selma dreams herself into musical numbers. This space of tragedy emerges framed by her dream of performing Maria in a community theatre production of The Sound of Music. The affective promise of musical theatre during ‘real’ rehearsals of The Sound of Music contrasts sharply against the cinematic fantasies rooted in the film The Sound of Music that serve to lift off the burden of traumatic reality. This article will explore the revision to the film musical that von Trier offers with Dancer in the Dark alongside the intertexts of theatre and film versions of The Sound of Music in relationship to trauma, emotion and the psychoanalytic concept of the ‘cure’.
Embracing excess: The queer feminist power of musical theatre diva roles
Authors: Dvoskin Michelle
Published: June 2016

Diva musicals: shows built around roles designed to be played by exceptionally charismatic performers, larger-than-life female characters who, like them or hate them (but almost always love them), drive the action and dominate the stage. Sometimes, as in Hairspray (2002), these diva roles are also what might be termed diva characters, female characters whose identities are built at least in part around their status as performers. However some of the greatest diva roles, like Rose in Gypsy (1959), are not diva characters. Likewise, some diva characters, like Felicia in Memphis (2009), are not allowed to expand into the fullness of a diva role. I explore this distinction in this article in order to analyse how the excess inherent in diva roles allows them to serve as productive sites for queer feminist cultural critique, while arguing that diva characters may reinforce more conservative approaches to gender and sexuality.
Hacia una definición actual del concepto de «diagnóstico social». Breve revisión bibliográfica de su evolución
Authors: Cury Silvia Patricia , Arias Astray Andrés
Published: June 2016

Presentamos en este artículo una propuesta de definición del concepto de «diagnóstico social» que consideramos contempla y sintetiza las características más destacadas señaladas por los diferentes autores que han tratado esta cuestión, desde Mary Richmond hasta la actualidad. Para ello realizamos una revisión bibliográfica de la evolución del concepto de «diagnóstico social» y el análisis de los principales elementos señalados en la literatura acerca de su correcta delimitación y formulación.
Estrategias de los inmigrantes del Este en España durante la crisis económica
Authors: Viruela Rafael , Marcu Silvia
Published: June 2016

La Gran Recesión, iniciada a finales de 2007, se manifiesta fundamentalmente como crisis de empleo y afecta sobre todo a la población inmigrada. La mayor parte de los migrantes han decidido permanecer en España y, para paliar los efectos de la crisis, han desplegado diversas estrategias en el ámbito productivo y reproductivo. Una de las respuestas al progresivo deterioro del mercado de trabajo ha sido la movilidad geográfica interior y transnacional, que adopta diversas formas: retorno, emigración a un tercer país y migración circular. La información utilizada en este artículo procede de 64 entrevistas en profundidad a ciudadanos de Rumania y Bulgaria residentes en España, y otras 32 a familiares y emigrantes retornados, que se realizaron en aquellos países. A los testimonios de los protagonistas hay que añadir los datos socioeconómicos que proporcionan el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y el Ministerio de Empleo.
Medidas y condiciones de integración de inmigrantes: una propuesta europea difícil de articular en España
Authors: García Juan Laura
Published: June 2016

La Unión Europea ha culminado la puesta en marcha de los nuevos instrumentos de financiación para el periodo 2014-2020. La entrada en vigor del Reglamento por el que se crea el Fondo de Asilo, Migración e Integración ha dejado sin efecto la normativa por la que se regía el anterior Fondo Europeo para la Integración de Nacionales de Terceros países. Con este último se financiaron en España numerosos programas destinados a la integración sociolaboral de los inmigrantes desde su creación en 2007, pero no siempre sus objetivos se ajustaron a las prioridades de la Comisión Europea. Los enormes desafíos a los que nos enfrentamos en un contexto económico, social y político totalmente diferente al de hace nueve años plantean la urgente necesidad de seguir profundizando en la reflexión sobre nuestras políticas de integración de inmigrantes.
En torno a la Circularidad Migratoria: Aproximaciones conceptuales, Dimensiones teóricas y Práctica Política
Authors: López-Sala Ana , Godenau Dirk
Published: June 2016

Migración circular es un término de gran atractivo que ha entrado con fuerza en la última década en la agenda académica y política de Europa y Norteamérica. La popularidad del concepto está vinculada en gran parte a la búsqueda de nuevas fórmulas políticas de gestión de la migración internacional. A pesar de su popularidad, la circularidad migratoria se mantiene como un concepto vago e impreciso. A través de una revisión conceptual y teórica este artículo subraya la distinción analítica y empírica entre circularidad espontánea y circularidad inducida. En él se hace referencia al concepto de circularidad inducida como un patrón de movilidad migratoria distintivo impulsado por los nuevos programas de reclutamiento de trabajadores temporales.
Televisión pública y diversidad cultural en España: el caso de los programas dirigidos a «inmigrantes»
Authors: Navarro Laura
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo analiza la aparición de los primeros programas televisivos dirigidos a «inmigrantes» en España, desde una perspectiva histórica y sociológica que permite constatar la influencia del contexto social, político y económico del país en la creación —y en muchos casos también desaparición— de estos programas, así como el rol pionero de las televisiones públicas autonómicas y locales en la promoción de este tipo de emisiones. Asimismo, el análisis de la evolución y desaparición de los programas Con todos los acentos (TVE) y Andalucía sin fronteras (Canal Sur TV) pone de manifiesto la comercialización de los contenidos y la precarización de medios técnicos y humanos que se produce— especialmente a partir del 2008— en estos espacios mediáticos creados, en su origen, para promover la «integración» de la población inmigrante y la divulgación de la «diversidad».
La gestión de la interculturalidad en tiempos de crisis: el discurso de los técnicos municipales en Cataluña
Authors: Bueno Xiana , Domingo Andreu
Published: June 2016

Este texto analiza el discurso de los técnicos municipales de inmigración sobre el impacto que la crisis económica y las políticas de ajuste han tenido tanto en la transformación de la demanda como en la gestión de la misma en un contexto –el de Cataluña- marcado por haber adoptado la interculturalidad como discurso normativo. Para tal fin nos servimos de las entrevistas realizadas a 20 técnicos de inmigración y 10 cargos políticos responsables del área de inmigración de sus respectivos municipios seleccionados a partir de una tipología previa sobre la existencia o no de enclaves residenciales, el nivel de segregación y el tamaño del municipio. Sus discursos nos permiten dibujar el entramado de relaciones que los mismos gestores perciben entre su propio trabajo y la población inmigrada, en medio de la recesión y bajo el influjo de un discurso político también cambiante.
El factor diferencial de la migración en las personas sin hogar
Authors: Navarro Lashayas Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2016

En los últimos años ha crecido el número de personas inmigrantes sin hogar. El artículo muestra las relaciones entre la situación documental y el estrés aculturativo con variables sociodemográficas, apoyo social, abusos de sustancias, sucesos vitales estresantes y malestar emocional en una muestra de 107 personas migrantes sin hogar. Para ello se han realizado entrevistas en profundidad y autoinformes analizando las relaciones entre las variables mediante diversas técnicas de análisis de datos y análisis de contenido. Los resultados manifiestan la importancia de lo cualitativo para la variable «situación documental» que apenas tiene correlaciones con el resto de las variables. También destaca la importancia de los recursos sociales en el estrés aculturativo por encima de otras variables como el choque cultural o la nostalgia por el país de origen.
Los roles de los actores de la sociedad de acogida en la integración de las asociaciones de inmigrantes: una aproximación desde el análisis de redes sociales
Authors: Gaete Fiscella José Manuel , Mena Martínez Luis
Published: June 2016

Este artículo indaga sobre los estadios de integración de las asociaciones de inmigrantes en España según el stock de capital social que detentan, específicamente, dadas las relaciones que establecen con actores del entorno, y consecuentemente el rol que de esto se deriva para cada tipo de contraparte. Los datos se extraen de una muestra representativa conformada por 225 asociaciones de inmigrantes de todo el territorio español. Los resultados apuntan a que las asociaciones de inmigrantes juegan roles específicos y cohesivos con sus pares, incluso logran ciertas asimetrías en su favor con determinados actores de la sociedad de acogida. Por otro lado, los actores nativos de la sociedad de acogida se distribuyen en un continuo que va desde el desarrollo de roles específicos hasta otros múltiples, e incluso contradictorios, lo que, en su conjunto, termina por dibujar un complejo y diverso mapa de oportunidades para la integración de las asociaciones.
Circularidad migratoria entre Ecuador y España. Transformación educativa y estrategias de movilidad
Authors: Vega Solís Cristina , Gómez Martín Carmen , Correa Ahmed
Published: June 2016

El patrón migratorio entre Ecuador y España ha experimentado transformaciones desde el inicio de la crisis de 2008. A la ralentización de los flujos hacia España y el incremento de retornados ecuatorianos, se suma hoy la migración de españoles cualificados hacia este país para insertarse en educación superior, así como la salida de jóvenes ecuatorianos para adquirir títulos de posgrado en España y, en general, en Europa. El contexto de crisis y desempleo en educación en España, así como las políticas de reforma educativa que se están llevando a cabo en Ecuador se articulan en la conformación de esta circulación entre ambos países. A través de una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa multisituada, basada en una encuesta y en entrevistas en profundidad, el presente artículo estima el volumen de estos desplazamientos y explora las motivaciones, condiciones y estrategias que los están influenciando.
Naturalizaciones en España: indicador de integración y estrategia frente a la crisis
Authors: Martínez de Lizarrondo Artola Antidio
Published: June 2016

Este artículo aborda la adquisición de la nacionalidad como indicador de integración. El considerable incremento de concesiones de nacionalidad en los últimos años tiene su base en una normativa que privilegia a los latinoamericanos, pero también parece que se ha adoptado esta vía como una estrategia que amortigüe los efectos de la crisis; por ejemplo, disminuye la tasa de paro de quien se naturaliza. El análisis de las naturalizaciones en España mediante tasas anuales y acumuladas muestra las diferencias en el acceso según la nacionalidad de origen, así como la existencia de claras divergencias entre Comunidades Autónomas. Uno de los hallazgos más novedosos es la correlación entre el paro y las naturalizaciones: en aquellas regiones donde el diferencial de la tasa de desempleo entre extranjeros y autóctonos es más elevado hay más naturalizaciones y, a la inversa, donde no parece percibirse una particular ventaja en la mejora del paro si se adquiere la nacionalidad española, al ser la tasa muy similar entre extranjeros y españoles, hay menos naturalizaciones.
Jewish, Queer-ish, Trans, and Completely Revolutionary: Jill Soloway's Transparent and the New Television
Authors: Villarejo Amy
Published: June 2016

To judge by the critical enthusiasm with which the second season of Amazon Prime's Transparent (2014–) series has been embraced, Jill Soloway not only has a big trans-affirmative hit on her hands but has succeeded in stimulating a lively conversation about queerness, trans politics, and television representation within the broader society. If the first season of that imaginative lifeworld stressed Maura's transgender emergence through the manipulation of the gaze, the second season expands into queer territory in several ways. Real life, or life seemingly offscreen, has always bled into American television, whether through location shooting, topical references, stars' relationships, or just the indexical details of sound and image. Like cinema, that is, television has always been a documentary of what it records, even in the most minimal sense. What's new is that overtly queer people now make television, and they are seeking to blend details of their queer lifeworlds with the sounds and images of television and the cultural industries elaborated here. Understanding the nature of this blend helps to more accurately pinpoint the conceptions of religion, gender, and sexuality that Soloway brings to Transparent and wants to explore through its textures and detail.
Ex Machina in the Garden
Authors: Jacobson Brian R.
Published: June 2016

Alex Garland's Ex Machina (2015) explores both long-standing discourses about artificial intelligence and more recent concerns about automation, surveillance, and big data. It does so by associating AI creation not solely with science, technology, and religion but also with the history of art and, more reflexively, with film itself. In this way, the film becomes an allegory for its own production, a story about representation and the creation of artificial film worlds by new technological means. This reflexivity underscores cinema's important role in popular discourses about technological change, a role it has long served as a “technocritical art.” AI films like Ex Machina suggest that this role is changing as film enters not just the digital age but also what W.J.T. Mitchell terms the age of biocybernetics.
Cosmologies of Black Cultural Production: A Conversation with Afrosurrealist Filmmaker Christopher Harris
Authors: Francis Terri
Published: June 2016

FQ Contributing Editor Terri Francis interviews filmmaker Christopher Harris, situating Afrosurrealist filmmaking within a constellation of African American artists and writers that includes the painter Kerry James Marshall, novelist Toni Morrison, poet Elizabeth Alexander, and composer Roscoe Mitchell. The discussion revolves around the experimental poetics of African American literature that provide Harris with flares of revelation that light the path for his diverse projects. Harris's oeuvre is in dialogue with the nature of the film medium and with what it means to work, observe, and think, as an artist, living between the ideals of American happiness and the realities of American inequality.
A Vocation in Film
Authors: Rich B. Ruby
Published: June 2016

FQ Editor-in-Chief's quarterly roundup of the issue, her roadmap for navigating the ideas, authors, films, TV shows, and interviews featured within the issue, and a nod to FQ's coming attractions.
Google Hangout with Annie Baker, Playwright 1/25/16, 2:33 PM
Authors: Yue Genevieve
Published: June 2016

Genevieve Yue interviews playwright Annie Baker, whose Pulitzer Prize–winning play The Flick focuses on the young employees of a single-screen New England movie house. Baker is one of the most critically lauded playwrights to emerge on the New York theater scene in the past ten years, in part due to her uncompromising commitment to experimentation and disruption. Baker intrinsically understands that arriving at something meaningful means taking a new way. Accordingly, Baker did not want to conduct a traditional interview for Film Quarterly. After running into each other at a New York Film Festival screening of Chantal Akerman's No Home Movie (2015)—both overwhelmed by the film—Yue and Baker agreed to begin their conversation by choosing a film neither of them had seen before and watching it together. The selection process itself led to a long discussion, which led to another, and then finally, to the Gmail hangout that forms the basis of the interview.
Calcium reduces vitamin D and glucocorticoid receptors in the visceral fat of obese male rats
Authors: Conceição E P S , Moura E G , Manhães A C , Carvalho J C , Nobre J L , Oliveira E , Lisboa P C
Published: June 2016

Rats overfed during lactation show higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and metabolic dysfunctions at adulthood. As both vitamin D and glucocorticoids change adipogenesis, parameters related to metabolism and action of these hormones in the adipocyte can be altered in rats raised in small litters (SL). We also studied the antiobesity effects of high calcium diet since it decreases visceral fat in obesity models. On postnatal day (PN) 3, litter size was adjusted to 3pups/dam (SL) to induce overfeeding. Control litters (NL) remained with 10pups/dam until weaning. From PN120 to PN180, half of the SL rats were fed standard chow (SL) and the other half was fed a calcium-supplemented chow (SL-Ca, 10g CaCO3/kg). Both SL groups were heavier and hyperphagic when compared with the NL group; however, SL-Ca rats ate less than SL. SL-Ca rats had decreased VAT mass and adipocyte size, associated with lower hypothalamic NPY content, VAT fat acid synthase content and leptinemia. At PN120, SL rats had increased plasma 25(OH)D3, Cyp27b1 mRNA and glucocorticoid receptor (GR-α) in the VAT, but lower vitamin D receptor (Vdr) mRNA. At PN180, Cyp27b1 and GR-α remained higher, while Vdr normalized in SL rats. SL-Ca rats had normal VAT Cyp27b1 and GR-α, but lower Vdr. Thus, higher body mass and glucocorticoid receptors in the VAT of SL rats are normalized by calcium-enriched diet, and Vdr expression in this tissue is reduced, suggesting a possible role of glucocorticoids and vitamin D in calcium action in the adipocyte.
Stressing diabetes? The hidden links between insulinotropic peptides and the HPA axis
Authors: Diz-Chaves Yolanda , Gil-Lozano Manuel , Toba Laura , Fandiño Juan , Ogando Hugo , González-Matías Lucas C , Mallo Federico
Published: June 2016

Diabetes mellitus exerts metabolic stress on cells and it provokes a chronic increase in the long-term activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis, perhaps thereby contributing to insulin resistance. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are pleiotropic hormones that not only affect glycaemic and metabolic control, but they also produce many other effects including activation of the HPA axis. In fact, several of the most relevant effects of GLP-1 might involve, at least in part, the modulation of the HPA axis. Thus, the anorectic activity of GLP-1 could be mediated by increasing CRF at the hypothalamic level, while its lipolytic effects could imply a local increase in glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor (GC-R) expression in adipose tissue. Indeed, the potent activation of the HPA axis by GLP-1R agonists occurs within the range of therapeutic doses and with a short latency. Interestingly, the interactions of GLP-1 with the HPA axis may underlie most of the effects of GLP-1 on food intake control, glycaemic metabolism, adipose tissue biology and the responses to stress. Moreover, such activity has been observed in animal models (mice and rats), as well as in normal humans and in type I or type II diabetic patients. Accordingly, better understanding of how GLP-1R agonists modulate the activity of the HPA axis in diabetic subjects, especially obese individuals, will be crucial to design new and more efficient therapies for these patients.
Ghrelin regulates cell cycle-related gene expression in cultured hippocampal neural stem cells
Authors: Chung Hyunju , Park Seungjoon
Published: June 2016

We have previously demonstrated that ghrelin stimulates the cellular proliferation of cultured adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which ghrelin regulates cell cycle progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential effects of ghrelin on cell cycle regulatory molecules in cultured hippocampal NSCs. Ghrelin treatment increased proliferation assessed by CCK-8 proliferation assay. The expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cell division control 2, well-known cell-proliferating markers, were also increased by ghrelin. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed that ghrelin promoted progression of cell cycle from G0/G1 to S phase, whereas this progression was attenuated by the pretreatment with specific inhibitors of MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, and janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Ghrelin-induced proliferative effect was associated with increased expression of E2F1 transcription factor in the nucleus, as determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. We also found that ghrelin caused an increase in protein levels of positive regulators of cell cycle, such as cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2. Moreover, p27KIP1 and p57KIP2 protein levels were reduced when cell were exposed to ghrelin, suggesting downregulation of CDK inhibitors may contribute to proliferative effect of ghrelin. Our data suggest that ghrelin targets both cell cycle positive and negative regulators to stimulate proliferation of cultured hippocampal NSCs.
A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitiligo in Children
Authors: Ezzedine Khaled , Silverberg Nanette
Published: June 2016

Vitiligo is a common inflammatory skin disease with a worldwide prevalence of 0.5% to 2.0% of the population. In the pediatric population, the exact prevalence of vitiligo is unknown, although many studies state that most cases of vitiligo are acquired early in life. The disease is disfiguring, with a major psychological impact on children and their parents. Half of vitiligo cases have a childhood onset, needing thus a treatment approach that will minimize treatment side effects while avoiding psychological impacts. Management of vitiligo should take into account several factors, including extension, psychological impact, and possible associations with other autoimmune diseases. This review discusses the epidemiology of vitiligo and outlines the various clinical presentations associated with the disorder and their differential diagnosis. In addition, the pathophysiology and genetic determinants, the psychological impact of vitiligo, and management strategies are reviewed.
Association Between Uropathogen and Pyuria
Authors: Shaikh Nader , Shope Timothy R. , Hoberman Alejandro , Vigliotti Alyssa , Kurs-Lasky Marcia , Martin Judith M.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:

We sought to determine factors associated with the absence of pyuria in symptomatic children whose urine culture was positive for a known uropathogen.

METHODS:

We obtained data on children evaluated at the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh emergency department between 2007 and 2013 with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) who had paired urinalysis and urine cultures. We excluded children with an unknown or bag urine collection method, major genitourinary anomalies, immunocompromising conditions, or with multiple organisms on culture. We chose a single, randomly-selected urine specimen per child and limited the analysis to those with positive cultures.

RESULTS:

There were 46 158 visits during the study period; 1181 children diagnosed with UTI met all inclusion criteria and had a microscopic urinalysis for pyuria. Pyuria (≥5 white blood cells per high-powered field or ≥10 white blood cells per cubic millimeter) was present in 1031 (87%) children and absent in 150 (13%). Children with Enterococcus species, Klebsiella species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly less likely to exhibit pyuria than children with Escherichia coli (odds ratio of 0.14, 0.34, and 0.19, respectively). Children with these organisms were also less likely to have a positive leukocyte esterase on dipstick urinalysis. Results were similar when we restricted the analysis to children whose urine samples were collected by bladder catheterization.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found that certain uropathogens are less likely to be associated with pyuria in symptomatic children. Identification of biomarkers more accurate than pyuria or leukocyte esterase may help reduce over- and undertreatment of UTIs.
The Arab and post-communist transitions: Similarities, differences, and common lessons
Authors: Dabrowski Marek
Published: June 2016

At the onset of the mass protests in 2010–2011, many politicians and experts suggested that Arab countries could learn from the experiences of the post-communist transition of the early 1990s. However, the geopolitical, historical, and socio-economic context of the Arab transition was different in many respects from that of the former Soviet bloc countries 20 years earlier. These differences became even more obvious five years later, in early 2016, when most Arab transition attempts ended either in a new wave of authoritarianism, or protracted bloody conflicts. Nonetheless, there are some common lessons to be learnt from the history of both transitions. They concern interrelations between the political and economic transition, the role of institutional checks and balances and the rule of law, the speed of reforms, the dangers of ethnic and sectarian conflicts, and the role of external support.