bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Model for the Membrane Electrode Assembly of a Bicarbonate Electrolyzer
Authors: Song Datong , Wang Qianpu , Amirkiasar Parisa Karimi , Jang Darren
Published: November 2023

Bicarbonate electrolyzers are devices designed to convert CO2 released in situ from bicarbonate ions into chemicals and fuels without an external source of CO2 gas. A one-dimensional steady-state isothermal model is developed for the membrane electrode assembly of a bicarbonate CO2 electrolyzer with a bipolar membrane design. The model incorporates species transport in both the anode and cathode electrodes due to convection, diffusion, and migration, and accounts for the catalyzed water splitting reaction at the interface of the anion exchange layer and the cation exchange layer of the bipolar membrane. A direct comparison of model simulations with available experimental data shows that the model can accurately simulate measured Faradaic efficiency and CO yield for all operating current densities. The model can also accurately simulate most of the polarization curve, with the only limitation being in the range dominated by mass transport. Compared to the other parameters studied in this paper, numerical results show that the performance of the bicarbonate CO2 electrolyzer is more sensitive to both aqueous electrolyte saturation in the cathode catalyst layer and the catalyzed water splitting efficiency of the bipolar membrane.
The Application Effect of Craniotomy through Transsylvian Rolandic Point-Insular Approach on Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Posterior Basal Ganglia
Authors: Wang Guobing , Chen Xin , Meng Linghu , Liu Ying , Dai Yongjian , Wang Wenxin
Published: November 2023

Objective. To evaluate the hematoma clearance and safety of small bone window craniotomy through the lateral fissure Rolandic point-insular lobe approach for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) in posterior basal ganglia. Methods. This retrospective study enrolled a total of 86 patients with HICH in the posterior basal ganglia region who underwent surgery between January 2020 and December 2021. These patients were divided into two groups: the conventional group and the study group. The intraoperative information, postoperative hematoma clearance rate, increasing rate of cerebral edema and rebleeding occurrence rate, postoperative complication rate, and prognoses were compared between the two groups. Additionally, we observed and compared the rate of postoperative cerebral hematoma increase, as well as the neurological function and activities of daily living (ADL) at admission, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery in both groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors affecting the prognosis of patients with HICH in the posterior basal ganglia region after small bone window craniotomy through the lateral fissure Rolandic point-insular lobe approach. Results. The study group exhibited significantly shorter automatic eye-opening times and hospital stays compared to the conventional group (

P
<
0.05

). Furthermore, the study group demonstrated better hematoma clearance rates, lower rates of cerebral hematoma at postoperative 48 h and 72 h, and lower rates of rebleeding compared to the conventional group (

P
<
0.05

). At 3 and 6 months postsurgery, the study group exhibited a significantly greater improvement in neurological function and ADL compared to the conventional group (

P
<
0.05

). Additionally, the incidence of postoperative complications in the study group was lower than that in the conventional group (

P
<
0.05

). Furthermore, the prognosis of the study group was significantly better than that of the conventional group at the 6-month follow-up (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. A small bone window craniotomy via transsylvian Rolandic point-insular approach has been shown to improve the hematoma clearance rate in patients with HICH in the posterior basal ganglia region while also reducing the incidence of complications. This approach is highly safe and feasible for implementation in clinical practice.
In Situ Green Synthesis of Co3O4@ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticles Using Datura stramonium Leaf Extract: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Studies
Authors: Tadesse Gezahegn , Ananda Murthy H. C. , Ravikumar C. R. , Naveen Kumar T. , Teshome Lema , Desalegn Tegene
Published: November 2023

Investigating and synthesizing potent antibacterial NPs using biological methods is highly preferred, and it involves nontoxic, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly chemicals and methods. Antibiotic drug resistance and oxidative stress have become a serious public health issue worldwide. Hence, the key objective of this study was to biologically synthesize and characterize the potent antibacterial Co3O4@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles for the antibacterial application. The radical scavenging ability of green synthesized Co3O4@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles was also determined. In this study, Co3O4@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles (CZCS NPs) have been synthesized using three different core to shell materials ratios of Co3O4 to ZnO (0.5 : 0.25 CZCS (1), 0.5 : 0.5 CZCS (2), and 0.5 : 0.75 M CZCS (3)) by employing Datura stramonium leaf extract. The polycrystalline nature of Co3O4@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles was investigated using the XRD and SAED characterization techniques. The investigated nanostructure of Co3O4@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles appeared with Co3O4 as the core and ZnO as an outer shell. Additionally, a variety of physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were determined using various characterization techniques. The average crystallite sizes of CZCS (1), CZCS (2), and CZCS (3) were found to be

24
±
1.4

,

22
±
1.5

, and

25
±
1.5

 nm, respectively. The band gap energy values for CZCS (1), CZCS (2), and CZCS (3) determined from the UV-DRS data were found to be 2.75, 2.76, and 2.73 eV, respectively. The high inhibition activities against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa bacterial strains were obtained for the small size CZCS (2) nanoparticles at the concentration of 100 mg/mL with 22 ± 0.34, 19 ± 

0
.
32

, 18 ± 

0.45

, and 17 ± 

0

.32 mm values, respectively. The high inhibition performance of CZCS (2) nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which is even above the control drug ampicillin is because of its small size and synergistic effect. The percentage scavenging activity of Co3O4@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles was also studied and CZCS (2) nanoparticles showed a good scavenging capacity (86.87%) at 500 μg/mL with IC50 of 209.26 μg/mL.
Optimization of Heat Pump Dryer Conditions on Bioaccessibility of Some Secondary Metabolites of Cornelian Cherry-Capia Pepper Pestil
Authors: Özkan-Karabacak Azime , Durgut-Malçok Senanur , Tunçkal Cüneyt , Tamer Canan Ece , Pandiselvam Ravi
Published: November 2023

Pestil is a traditional and functional snack produced by removing moisture from fruit pulp using different methods. Although solar drying is common in traditional pestil drying, modern drying methods are preferred in industrial production. As one of these methods, heat pump drying (HPD) is considered to be the most favorable technique owing to its notable efficiency in the drying process and low energy consumption. Additionally, it has the capability to accurately regulate drying conditions, thereby enhancing the overall quality of the dried foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HPD conditions on drying kinetics and quality profile (total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) content, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and carotenoid content) and their in vitro bioaccessibility of the cornelian cherry-capia pepper pestil. Also, it was aimed to produce high-quality pestil having bioactive properties by optimizing HPD conditions. Drying temperature (40–50°C) and cornelian cherry concentration (30–40%) were selected as independent variables for the response surface methodology (RSM). After in vitro digestion, pestil samples have higher bioaccessible β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, and AC (especially for the DPPH method), whereas the drying process reduced the bioaccessibility of TPC in pestil samples. Using a RSM, we found that the way the responses (TMA, TPC, AC, and carotenoids) were related to the independent variables can be best explained by quadratic (Qc), reduced quadratic (RQc), and reduced cubic (RCc) models. These models had high R2 values, which mean they can accurately predict the outcomes. The optimal condition of responses with composite desirability of 0.852 was drying temperature at 46.68°C and 44.94% cornelian cherry concentration.
Study on Vertical Dowel Connections in Precast Walls
Authors: Karthikeyan K. , Santhi M. Helen , Kumaran G. Senthil
Published: November 2023

Precast concrete wall connections using dowels are becoming more popular and effective these days due to their ease of installation and cost. In this study, one-third scale models of slender and intermediate precast walls with dowel connections and monolithic concrete walls were tested experimentally and numerically under lateral cyclic loads. The experiments on precast walls and monolithic walls were conducted on a loading frame of capacity 20 T and the cyclic loads were applied until the failure of the wall specimens. The numerical studies on walls were carried out using Abaqus.cae software, and the same cyclic loads were applied. The responses such as ultimate load, displacement, cracking pattern, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of precast walls were compared. The results obtained from the numerical investigation proved to be effective in simulating the actual behavior of the studied precast and monolithic walls, thereby reducing the burden of doing physical tests on a huge number of precast wall specimens.
Characterization of the Virulency of Vibrio spp. in Giant Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Haifa-Haryani Wan Omar , Azzam-Sayuti Mohamad , Amatul-Samahah Md. Ali , Chin Yong Kit , Zamri-Saad Mohd , Annas Salleh , Natrah I. , Amal Mohammad Noor Azmai , Ina-Salwany Md Yasin
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, bacterial diseases caused by Vibrio spp. pose a significant obstacle to aquaculture growth, affecting socioeconomic development. The presence of pathogenic Vibrio spp. are gaining attention due to widespread mortality in fish and shellfish worldwide. This study investigates the distribution of virulence genes and their pathogenicity by experimentally infecting a healthy group of cultured shrimp, specifically Penaeus monodon. A total of 225 Vibrio spp. isolated from 210 cultured shrimp from various geographical regions in Peninsular Malaysia were examined, resulting in 13 Vibrio spp. being identified and characterized. According to virulence gene assessment, only eight of the 11 virulence genes were detected in the isolates, including chiA (89%), flaC (74%), tlh (72%), toxR (70%), luxR (40%), pirA (11%), pirB (11%), and hlyA (0.4%). Other virulence genes, such as tdh, trh, and ctxA, were not found in any of the isolates (0%). Then, three Vibrio isolates, including V. parahaemolyticus S12-3, V. campbellii S10-4, and V. rotiferianus S24-4, were selected for pathogenicity test based on highest number of virulence genes in each species. These species were subjected to immersion challenge test against postlarvae (PL) P. monodon approximately PL-20 with three different concentrations of 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 CFU/mL. The V. parahaemolyticus S12-3 was determined to have lethal concentration 50 (LC50) 1 × 105 CFU/mL after 168 hr of exposure. The immersion challenge test resulted in a pale hepatopancreas and empty guts in P. monodon. Histopathological examination showed sloughing of epithelial cells in the hepatopancreatic tubule, hemocytic infiltration, massive vacuolation, and loss of hepatopancreatic tubule structure. Overall, the study demonstrated the virulence and pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus S12-3 toward P. monodon, which could be associated with its virulence properties. Furthermore, the current findings will be useful in developing microbiological risk assessments for shrimp farming and aquaculture management.
Status and Influencing Factors of Nurses’ Perception of Toxic Leadership Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Guo Xueqin , Li Xin , Wang Yuhan , Wang Yumei , Jin Huan , Xiao Fang , Xiang Yuting , Xu Chenzi , Wang Yangjing , He Jia , Xiong Lijuan
Published: November 2023

Aim. The aim of this study is to analyse the toxic leadership behavior of nurse managers perceived by nurses and its related factors. Background. Toxic leadership is becoming more common as a risk factor in nursing. However, there is a scarcity of research on the elements that influence toxic leadership practices from the perspective of nurses’ perceptions. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 455 nurses from August to October 2022. A demographic information questionnaire and a negative behavior scale for nurse managers were used. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis H test or Mann–Whitney U test, and multiple linear regression were used to explore the relevant factors of nurses’ perceived toxic leadership behaviors of nurse managers. Results. The population was dominated by 423 (92.97%) females, 318 (69.89%) married, and 420 (92.31%) with a bachelor’s degree. The toxic leadership behavior scale score for nurse managers was 109 (87, 123) and the score for each entry was (2.94 ± 0.92). Gender, educational level, department, number of night shifts, and nature of employment were the influencing factors of the negative leadership behavior of nurse leaders as perceived by nurses (

P

 < 0.05), explaining a total of 43.1% of the total variance. Conclusion. In general, nurses’ perceived toxic leadership behaviors of nurse managers were at a moderate level. More toxic leadership behaviors were observed by nurses who were female, less educated, on busy units, with unstable nature of appointments, and with frequent night shift rotation. Implications for Nursing Management. Focus on the psychological condition of nurses who are female, less educated, work in busy units, have an unstable nature of employment, and rotate night shifts frequently. The negative impacts of toxic leadership behaviors might be lessened as a result.
Evaluation of Building Seismic Capacity Based on Improved Naive Bayesian Algorithm
Authors: Li Yalong , Wang Wei , Tan Bin , Wang Hongxia
Published: November 2023

The influencing factors of building seismic capacity are analyzed, the basic cause events of the assessment target based on fault tree analysis (FTA) are determined, the basic cause events in the FTA model are classified and summarized, and a judgment system of building seismic capacity is built. The weight of each index factor in the Gini index calculation system is used, and the importance of the index is analyzed. On the basis of the Spearman correlation coefficient calculation of the index, the improved naive Bayesian algorithm is combined with the importance of the index to build a judgment model for the seismic capacity of housing buildings. The sample set is constructed based on the judgment system with the basic data of some housing buildings in Huoshan County. In order to improve the generalization ability and avoid overfitting, the K-SMOTE algorithm for mixed sampling was modified to improve sample balance, and random

k

-fold cross validation method was used for sample division and model optimization, achieving the determination of seismic capacity level of building. The research results indicate the following: (1) the accuracy of model evaluation is 93%, with model accuracy and recall rates of 0.913 and 0.93, respectively, indicating strong generalization ability of the model. (2) Selecting some actual examples of a building, the model judgment results are consistent with the actual results, verifying the correctness of the proposed method for building the model, which can be effectively used for determining the seismic capacity of building structures. (3) Applying the proposed method to the seismic capacity assessment of buildings in the Ta-pieh Mountains of Lu’an, it is concluded that the seismic capacity of urban buildings is common, while that of rural buildings is poor.
Clinical Benefit of Intravascular Imaging Compared With Conventional Angiography in Left Main Coronary Artery Intervention
Authors: Kwon Woochan , Lee Joo Myung , Yun Kyeong Ho , Choi Ki Hong , Lee Seung-Jae , Lee Jong-Young , Lee Sang Yeub , Kim Sang Min , Cho Jae Young , Kim Chan Joon , Ahn Hyo-Suk , Nam Chang-Wook , Yoon Hyuck-Jun , Park Yong Hwan , Lee Wang Soo , Jeong Jin-Ok , Song Pil Sang , Doh Joon-Hyung , Jo Sang-Ho , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Kang Min Gyu , Koh Jin-Sin , Lee Kwan Yong , Lim Young-Hyo , Cho Yun-Hyeong , Cho Jin-Man , Jang Woo Jin , Chun Kook-Jin , Hong David , Park Taek Kyu , Yang Jeong Hoon , Choi Seung-Hyuk , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol , Hahn Joo-Yong , Song Young Bin ,   for The RENOVATE COMPLEX-PCI Investigators
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

The RENOVATE-COMPLEX-PCI (Randomized Controlled Trial of Intravascular Imaging Guidance Versus Angiography-Guidance on Clinical Outcomes After Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) demonstrated that intravascular imaging–guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improved clinical outcome compared with angiography-guided PCI for patients with complex coronary artery lesions. This study aims to assess whether the prognostic benefit of intravascular imaging–guided procedural optimization persists in patients undergoing PCI for left main coronary artery disease.

METHODS:

Of 1639 patients enrolled in the RENOVATE-COMPLEX-PCI, 192 patients with left main coronary artery disease were selected for the current prespecified substudy. Selected patients were randomly assigned to either the intravascular imaging–guided PCI group (n=138) or the angiography-guided PCI group (n=54). The primary end point was target vessel failure defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel–related myocardial infarction, or clinically driven target vessel revascularization.

RESULTS:

At a median follow-up of 2.1 years (interquartile range 1.1 to 3.0 years), intravascular imaging–guided PCI was associated with lower incidence of primary end point compared with angiography-guided PCI (6.8% versus 25.1%; hazard ratio, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.13–0.76];
P
=0.010). This significant reduction in primary end point was mainly driven by a lower risk of cardiac death or spontaneous target vessel–related myocardial infarction (1.6% versus 12.7%; hazard ratio, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.03–0.82];
P
=0.028). Intravascular imaging–guided PCI was independently associated with a lower risk of primary end point, even after adjusting for various clinical factors (hazard ratio, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.12–0.72];
P
=0.007).

CONCLUSIONS:

Intravascular imaging–guided PCI showed clinical benefit over angiography-guided PCI for left main coronary artery disease in reducing the risk of cardiac death, target vessel–related myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03381872.
Endovascular Brain-Computer Interfaces in Poststroke Paralysis
Authors: Brannigan Jamie F.M. , Fry Adam , Opie Nicholas L. , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Mitchell Peter J. , Oxley Thomas J.
Published: November 2023

Stroke is a leading cause of paralysis, most frequently affecting the upper limbs and vocal folds. Despite recent advances in care, stroke recovery invariably reaches a plateau, after which there are permanent neurological impairments. Implantable brain-computer interface devices offer the potential to bypass permanent neurological lesions. They function by (1) recording neural activity, (2) decoding the neural signal occurring in response to volitional motor intentions, and (3) generating digital control signals that may be used to control external devices. While brain-computer interface technology has the potential to revolutionize neurological care, clinical translation has been limited. Endovascular arrays present a novel form of minimally invasive brain-computer interface devices that have been deployed in human subjects during early feasibility studies. This article provides an overview of endovascular brain-computer interface devices and critically evaluates the patient with stroke as an implant candidate. Future opportunities are mapped, along with the challenges arising when decoding neural activity following infarction. Limitations arise when considering intracerebral hemorrhage and motor cortex lesions; however, future directions are outlined that aim to address these challenges.
Dental Caries, Race and Incident Ischemic Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and Death
Authors: Sen Souvik , Logue Lawson , Logue Makenzie , Otersen Elizabeth A.L. , Mason Emma , Moss Kevin , Curtis James , Hicklin David , Nichols Cynthia , Rosamond Wayne D. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Beck James
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Dental caries is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. In the United States, untreated dental caries is present in >1 in 5 adults. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between dental caries and incident ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) events, and death.

METHODS:

The dental cohort (n=6351) of the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) was followed for incident ischemic stroke, CHD event, and all-cause mortality. Of all the participants at visit 4 (n=11 656), those who were unable to go through dental examination, or with prevalent ischemic stroke and CHD events, were excluded. The full-mouth dental examination was conducted at visit 4 (1996–1998), assessing dental caries. The dose response of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces due to caries was assessed and related to the outcome. Outcomes were assessed through the end of 2019. Additionally, the effect of regular dental care utilization on dental caries was evaluated.

RESULTS:

Participants with ≥1 dental caries had an increased risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.40 [95% CI, 1.10–1.79]) and death (adjusted HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.01–1.26]) but not for CHD events (adjusted HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.93–1.37]). The association of dental caries and ischemic incident stroke was significantly higher in the African American population compared with the White subgroup (interaction term
P
=0.0001). Increasing decayed, missing, and filled surfaces were significantly associated with stroke (adjusted HR, 1.006 [95% CI, 1.001–1.011]) and death (adjusted HR, 1.003 [95% CI, 1.001–1.005]) but not CHD (adjusted HR, 1.002 [95% CI, 1.000–1.005]). Regular dental care utilization lowered (adjusted odds ratio, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.16–0.22];
P
<0.001) the chance of caries.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among the cohort, dental caries was independently associated with the risk of ischemic stroke and death, with the effect higher in African American participants. Regular dental care utilization was associated with a lower chance of caries, emphasizing its relevance in the prevention of these events.
Fine Particulate Matter Exposure, Genetic Susceptibility, and the Risk of Incident Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Keyong , Jia Jiajing , Liang Fengchao , Li Jianxin , Niu Xiaoge , Yang Xueli , Chen Shufeng , Cao Jie , Shen Chong , Liu Xiaoqing , Yu Ling , Lu Fanghong , Wu Xianping , Zhao Liancheng , Li Ying , Hu Dongsheng , Huang Jianfeng , Liu Yang , Gu Dongfeng , Liu Fangchao , Lu Xiangfeng
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Both genetic factors and environmental air pollution contribute to the risk of stroke. However, it is unknown whether the association between air pollution and stroke risk is influenced by the genetic susceptibilities of stroke and its risk factors.

METHODS:

This prospective cohort study included 40 827 Chinese adults without stroke history. Satellite-based monthly fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
) estimation at 1-km resolution was used for exposure assessment. Based on 534 identified genetic variants from genome-wide association studies in East Asians, we constructed 6 polygenic risk scores for stroke and its risk factors, including atrial fibrillation, blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, body mass index, and triglyceride. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to evaluate the hazard ratios and 95% CIs for the associations of PM
2.5
and polygenic risk score with incident stroke and the potential effect modifications.

RESULTS:

Over a median follow-up of 12.06 years, 3147 incident stroke cases were documented. Compared with the lowest quartile of PM
2.5
exposure, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for stroke in the highest quartile group was 2.72 (2.42–3.06). Among individuals at high genetic risk, the relative risk of stroke was 57% (1.57; 1.40–1.76) higher than those at low genetic risk. Although no statistically significant interaction was found, participants with both the highest PM
2.5
and high genetic risk showed the highest risk of stroke, with ≈4× that of the lowest PM
2.5
and low genetic risk group (hazard ratio, 3.55 [95% CI, 2.84–4.44]). Similar upward gradients were observed in the risk of stroke when assessing the joint effects of PM
2.5
and genetic risks of blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, body mass index, atrial fibrillation, and triglyceride.

CONCLUSIONS:

Long-term exposure to PM
2.5
was associated with a higher risk of incident stroke across different genetic susceptibilities. Our findings highlighted the great importance of comprehensive assessment of air pollution and genetic risk in the prevention of stroke.
TÜRKİYE'NİN ENDÜSTRİ 4.0'A GEÇİŞ SÜRECİNİN TEKNOLOJİ KAPASİTESİ YAKLAŞIMLARI TEMELLİ ANALİZİ
Authors: TAHSİN Emine , BÖRÜ Furkan
Published: November 2023

Teknoloji kapasitesi yaklaşımları özellikle de gelişmekte olan ülkelerin sahip oldukları teknoloji düzeyinin geliştirilmesine yönelik yapabilirliklerini, üretim alanındaki koşulları da dikkate alarak analiz etmektedir. Bu çalışma da bu olgulardan yola çıkarak Türkiye’nin Endüstri 4.0 sürecinin dayandığı teknolojilerin alınması ve geliştirilmesi için gerekli olan teknoloji kapasitesini (özelde tasarım kapasitesi) ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Türkiye’nin tasarım kapasitesi alanındaki durumu, 2000-2020 yılları arasında, AR-GE sektöründeki araştırmacı sayısı, AR-GE harcamaları, yüksek teknoloji ihracatı, patent başvuruları ve endüstriyel tasarım başvuruları verileri kullanılarak türetilen endeksler üzerinden değerlendirilmektedir. Tasarım kapasitesi ile ilgili endekslerin ölçeklendirilmesinde Endüstri 4.0 sürecini başlatan öncü ülkelerden biri olması nedeni ile Almanya temelli bir hesaplama yapılmıştır. Buna ek olarak ilgili veriler, Türkiye dışında, Güney Kore, Çin , İspanya, Polonya, Meksika ve Brezilya dahil edilerek üretilmiştir. Böylelikle seçilmiş ülkelerin yapabilirlikleri tasarım kapasitesi temelli olarak analiz edilmiştir.
Devletin Güvenlik ve Terörle Mücadele Aracı Olarak İstihbarat Yöntemleri ve Önemli Uygulama Örnekleri: İngiltere, ABD, İsrail ve Türkiye
Authors: DAĞDEVİREN Işık , KEDİKLİ Umut
Published: November 2023

Devletlerin iç ve dış güvenlik tehditleriyle mücadele araçlarından önemli bir tanesi de istihbarat yapılanmalarıdır. Her devletin kendine özgü istihbarat kurumları olmakla birlikte güvenliği sağlamada ve terörle mücadelede kullandıkları istihbarat yöntemleri ise birbirine benzemektedir. İstihbarat kurumlarının kullandıkları belli başlı yöntemler ise İnsan İstihbaratı, Açık Kaynak İstihbaratı ve Teknik İstihbarattır. Teknik istihbarat ise kendi içerisinde sinyal, görüntü, radar, uydu, akustik ve tıbbi istihbarat olmak üzere çeşitlere ayrılmaktadır. Devletler güvenlik politikalarını ve stratejilerini oluşturmak ve uygulamak için ekonomik, askeri, sosyal ve teknolojik imkanları kapsamında bu yöntemlere başvurmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da öncelikle istihbarat yöntemleri ele alındıktan sonra özellikle İngiltere, ABD, İsrail ve Türkiye’nin istihbarat yapılanmaları ve kullandıkları istihbarat yöntemleri karşılaştırmalı şekilde analiz edilmektedir. İncelenen devletlerin istihbarat yöntemleri birbirleriyle kıyaslandığında olumlu ve olumsuz yönler bakımından değişiklikler gösterdiği görülmektedir.
The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Employees' Job Satisfaction in Organizations: A Study on Firefighters
Authors: ÇELİK İbrahim Halil
Published: November 2023

The study aims to reveal the perceived organizational support (POS) and job satisfaction (JS) levels of firefighters and to determine whether there is a relationship between them. A questionnaire was applied to 426 firefighters working in Turkey using convenience and snowball sampling methods. As a result of the study, POS was found to be at medium level and JS was found to be above average. It was found that there was both a positive relationship between POS and JS and that POS had a significant positive effect on JS. Significant differences were found in terms of marital status, salary adequacy, age, and education in terms of POS, while no difference was found in terms of years of experience variables. In terms of JS, a significant difference was found in terms of salary adequacy and educational status variables, while no difference was found in terms of marital status, age, and years of experience variables.
Türk Sağlık Sisteminde Pandemi Sonrası Değişim Trendleri
Authors: ERDEM Ramazan , ALKAN Ahmet , ÇAM Sıddıka
Published: November 2023

COVID-19 pandemisi tüm dünyayı ekonomi, sağlık, eğitim, dijitalleşme gibi çeşitli açılardan etkilemiş ve bu etki ülkeden ülkeye farklılık göstermiştir. Bu salgın özellikle de ülkelerin sağlık sisteminin kapasitesine ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemisinin etkisiyle Türk sağlık sisteminde ortaya çıkan veya çıkması muhtemel değişim trendlerine dair genel bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Amaç doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden birisi olan durum çalışması kapsamında sağlıkla ilgili (sağlık yönetimi, halk sağlığı, tıp vb.) bir alanda görev yapan 60 akademisyene ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada çerçevesinde elde edilen veriler, tematik analize tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Türk sağlık sisteminde pandemi sonrasında mikro, mezo ve makro boyutta değişim trendlerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Kadın Odaklı Habercilik Perspektifinden Yerel Medyada Kadın Haberleri: Kocaeli Örneği
Authors: YURDAKUL SAYGILI Şefika
Published: November 2023

Kadın odaklı habercilik, medya metinlerinin ideolojik ve ayrımcı diline vurgu yaparak kadının medyadaki sorunlu temsilinin dönüştürülmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı yerel medyanın kadın odaklı habercilik perspektifinden incelenmesidir. Çalışmada, Kocaeli’nde yayımlanan 5 yerel gazetenin internet siteleri taranarak 2022 yılının ilk üç ayında kadınlarla ilgili haberleri içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analize göre, yerel medyada kadın haberlerinin yoğun olarak asayiş kategorisinde yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca haberlerde kadının “mağdur” teması ile verildiği; anne, eş, sevgili gibi toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine vurgu yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile yerel medyanın toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarının üretilmesinde ve dolaşıma sokulmasında aktif rol oynayarak kadının medyadaki sorunlu temsilinin kaynağını oluşturduğu vurgulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, yerel medyanın eril ve cinsiyetçi dili ortaya konulmuş olup bu alanda bir dönüşümün gerekliliğine değinilmiştir.
Sustainability of Human Development Through Governance: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Countries
Authors: AŞKUN Volkan , ERKOYUNCU Murat
Published: November 2023

This study examines the sustainability of human development through various governance configurations using a qualitative comparative analysis of countries from a complex adaptive systems perspective. The World Bank's six governance dimensions are used, and 11 unique configurations are identified for different levels of human development. The research reveals that the relationship between governance and human development is complex and context-specific, with different governance models contributing to different outcomes. The results suggest that a universal governance approach is not effective in promoting human development, and it is crucial to customize policy interventions based on the specific governance dynamics of each country. This study contributes to the existing literature on the significance of governance in the context of sustainable development and highlights the need for tailored strategies that consider the intricate relationship between different governance dimensions to effectively promote sustainable human development.
Kültürel ve Entelektüel Canlanmanın Öncüleri: 14. ve 15. Yüzyıl Rönesans Hümanistleri
Authors: ÇETİN ÜNAL Banu
Published: November 2023

Rönesans, insanlığın yeniden doğuşu anlamına gelen bir kelime olup, bu dönemde insan merkezli bir düşünce ve yaşam tarzı benimsenmiştir. Bu düşünce yapısını benimseyen Rönesans dönemi hümanistleri Antik Yunan ve Roma dönemleriyle ilgilenmişler ve bu dönemlerin felsefesi, sanatı ve edebiyatı hakkında derinlemesine çalışmalar yapmışlardır. Hümanistler, düşünce özgürlüğüne ve eleştirel düşünceye büyük önem vermişlerdir. İnsan zihninin özgürce düşünebilmesi gerektiğine inanmışlar ve bu nedenle, her türlü kısıtlamadan uzak bir düşünce yapısı benimsemişlerdir. Rönesans hümanistlerinin eğitim sisteminin şekillenmesi üzerinde de büyük etkileri olmuştur. Onlar insanların bilgiye ulaşması için eğitim sisteminin değiştirilmesi gerektiğine inanmışlar ve eğitim sisteminin, herkesin eşit bir şekilde eğitim alabileceği bir yapıya dönüştürülmesini savunmuşlardır. Çalışmamızda döneme damga vuran Rönesans hümanistlerinin hayatları, eserleri ve düşünceleri hakkında ayrıntılı bilgilere yer verilmiştir.
Unique information from common diffusion MRI models about white-matter differences across the human adult lifespan
Authors: Henriques Rafael Neto , Henson Richard ,   Cam-CAN, Correia Marta Morgado
Published: November 2023

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is sensitive to white matter microstructural changes across the human lifespan. Several models have been proposed to provide more sensitive and specific metrics than those provided by the conventional Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) analysis. However, previous results using different metrics have led to contradictory conclusions regarding the effect of age on fibre demyelination and axonal loss in adults. Moreover, it remains unclear whether these metrics provide distinct information about the effects of age, for example, on different white-matter tracts. To address this, we analysed dMRI data from 651 adults approximately uniformly aged from 18 to 88 years in the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) cohort, using six dMRI metrics: Fractional Anisotropy (FA) from standard DTI; Mean Signal Diffusion (MSD) and Mean Signal Kurtosis (MSK) from Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) applied to directional averaged diffusion-weighted signals; and Neurite Density Index (NDI), Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI), and isotropic Free water volume fraction (Fiso) estimated from Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI). Averaging across white-matter regions-of-interest (ROIs), second-order polynomial fits revealed that MSD, MSK, and Fiso showed the strongest effects of age, with significant quadratic components suggesting more rapid and sometimes inverted effects in old age. Analysing the data in different age subgroups revealed that some apparent discrepancies in previous studies may be explained by the use of cohorts with different age ranges. Factor analysis of the six metrics across all ROIs revealed three independent factors that can be associated to 1) tissue microscopic properties (e.g., differences in fibre density/myelin), 2) free-water contamination, and 3) tissue configuration complexity (e.g., crossing, dispersing, fanning fibres). While FA captures a combination of different factors, other dMRI metrics are strongly aligned to specific factors (NDI and MSK with Factor 1, Fiso with Factor 2, and ODI with Factor 3). To assess whether directional diffusion and kurtosis quantities provide additional information about the effects of age, further factor analyses were also performed, which showed that additional information about the effects of age may be present in radial and axial kurtosis estimates (but not standard axial and radial diffusivity). In summary, our study offers an explanation for previous discrepancies reported in dMRI ageing studies and provides further insights on the interpretation of different dMRI metrics in the context of white-matter microstructural properties.
Severity and effects of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia vary with age and racetrack location in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Bagshaw J. , Sanz M. , Wang Y. , Shoemaker S. , Bayly W.
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the severity of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) in relation to age, performance and geographic location of Thoroughbreds racing at 13 American racetracks. PLH severity (graded 1-4 with validated criteria related to size, appearance and coalescence of hyperplastic follicles) and tracheal mucus score (0-5) were determined from videoendoscopies recorded 30-60 min post-racing. There were 198 from 2-year-olds, including following graded stakes races, and 116 were from ≥2-year-old horses following graded races. Performance data was obtained from Thoroughbred racehorse databases. Associations between PLH and speed index, average race speed, mucus score, age, and track location were separately investigated for the 2-year-olds and for the stakes horses using Pearson’s Chi-squared independence test, ANOVA or an ordinal logistic regression model. was significant. There were age (PLH Grade ≥3 in 92% 2-year-olds, 88% for 3-year-olds and 52% in ≥4-year-olds; ) and track location () effects on PLH grade. In 2-year-olds, PLH varied with track location () and race day air quality index (AQI; ). Horses housed at the racetrack had higher PLH grades than horses transported to the race (). Speed index (), tracheal mucus () and average speed () were not associated with PLH severity in 2-year-olds. In stakes horses, severity of PLH was not different between 2- and 3-year-olds but decreased with age in ≥3-year-olds (). Higher PLH grades were associated with decreased speed index () but not average speed (). Track location () and mucus scores () were also associated with PLH grade in all stakes horses. PLH was most severe in 2- and 3-year-old stakes horses but did not impair their performance. Of stakes horses ≥4-years-old, those with PLH ≥3 performed worse than those with PLH ≤2. Racetrack location and AQI were associated with PLH severity in racehorses of all ages for reasons that require further study.
The effect of 4 week-long swimming exercise intervention on increased serotonin levels in male mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Wigati K.W. , Bintari M.P. , Rejeki P.S. , Wungu C.D.K. , Pranoto A. , Ramadhan R.N. , Setiawan H.K. , Munir M. , Halim S.
Published: November 2023

Being overweight can be caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure over a long period, and the brain plays an important role in controlling overeating responses. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in regulating food intake and weight. Being overweight is associated with decreased serotonin levels. Decreased serotonin levels have an impact on increased health disorders and depression. The study aimed to analyse the effect of 4 week-long swimming exercise intervention on increased serotonin levels in male mice (Mus musculus). A total of 18 male mice (20-40 g), aged eight weeks with (Lee index (LI) ≥0.3) randomly assigned to three groups: COG (n = 6; control group without intervention), MEG (n = 6; moderate-intensity morning exercise group), and AEG (n = 6; moderate-intensity afternoon exercise group). Morning and afternoon exercise was carried out with a load of 5% of the total body weight of mice. Four weeks of exercise with a frequency of three times a week and were performed for 70% of the maximum duration per session. Blood collection was done 2 × 24 h after the last intervention. Measurement of serum serotonin levels using ELISA. Data analysis techniques using the one-way ANOVA test with SPSS version 17 software. The average levels of serum serotonin of COG were (56.29 ± 3.59 ng/ml), MEG (86.21 ± 18.44 ng/ml), AEG (82.73 ± 25.15 ng/ml), and (). The results of this study show that moderate-intensity exercises in the morning and afternoon increase serum serotonin levels in male mice. Therefore, moderate-intensity morning and afternoon swimming exercises can be used in controlling and inhibiting the over-eating response mediated by the serotonin.
The halfway similarity avoidance rule replicated using phonetic data from European language varieties
Authors: Guzmán Naranjo Matías , Wichmann Søren
Published: November 2023

Previous work using lexical data from around the world has suggested that distances between language varieties are distributed such that varieties are typically either rather similar, qualifying as dialects of the same language, or rather dissimilar, qualifying as different languages, with a scarcity of varieties that are around halfway similar. Using a potentially biased sample, Wichmann (2019) observed that there is a bimodal distribution of distances with two roughly normal distributions separated by a valley. Here we test whether a similar distribution is found when using another source of data and an unbiased sample drawn from the cells of a geographical grid (of central Europe). The data consists of 18 lexemes from 274 doculects. Using Bayesian beta regression and leave-one-out cross-validation, we show that the data follows a bimodal distribution which is robust to sampling, and also to at least some aspects of the data (coarse- vs. fine-grained phonetic transcriptions).
The origin of Attic Reduplication
Authors: Jasanoff Jay H.
Published: November 2023

The origin of Attic reduplication (AR) in Greek, the phenomenon whereby roots beginning with VC- sequences copy the entire sequence in reduplication, is poorly understood. Contrary to the usual approach, which starts from the perfects of roots beginning with *HC- clusters (e.g., ἐλυθ- ‘go out’ < *h1ludh-; perf. ἐλήλ(ο)υθα < *h1leh1l(ó)udh-?), it is argued here that AR began in the reduplicated aorist, where intensive reduplication was a shared innovation with Armenian (Gk. inf. ἀραρεῖν ‘fit together’ = Arm. 3 sg. arar ‘made’ < *h2er-h2r-e/o-). From here AR spread first to the weak forms of the perfect, leaving relic forms like the feminine participle ἀρᾰρυῖα, and then to the perfect paradigm more generally. The historical origin of AR was thus quite different from what might have been supposed from its descriptive profile in a synchronic grammar—a point to which a final discussion is devoted.
Entomophagy in western Kenya: consumption patterns and the role of psychological and socio-cultural factors
Authors: Mulungu K. , Macharia I. , Abro Z. , Kassie M. , Tanga C.
Published: November 2023

Owing to its potential as an alternative source of protein, entomophagy (insect eating) has received substantial attention from researchers and development actors. However, despite its relatively high acceptance in some regions, such as western Kenya, there is a limited understanding of the factors that drive entomophagy. Therefore, we conducted a study in western Kenya in Bungoma and Trans-Nzoia counties utilising data from a random sample of 442 households to analyse consumption patterns and determinants of insect-eating behaviour. The analysis used the extended theory of planned behaviour and structural equation modelling to determine entomophagy. Termites, grasshoppers, locusts, dung beetles, crickets, and black ants are examples of insects eaten by these communities. Termites are the most known and consumed insect among households. Most households prefer to eat the insects as a whole and not processed. Results indicate that attitude (ATT), perceived behavioural control (PBC), social norms and objective knowledge (OK) positively and significantly influence households’ intention to eat insects, whereas environmental concerns and perceived barriers (neophobia) have no significant effect. In the model where we include objective knowledge and environmental concern, the effects of ATT and PBC are lower. PBC reduces the effect of ATT on behavioural intention while directly negatively affecting entomophagy. Intention to eat is positively associated with insect-eating behaviour. In addition to these psychological factors, we found that culture significantly explains entomophagy. Once we condition on psychological factors, socioeconomic factors do not have any influence on entomophagy. ATT and OK about insects and culture significantly predict preference for termites over beef – suggesting the positive role of nutrition information. These results show the importance of psychological variables and culture in influencing entomophagy.
“You Gotta here these Stories”: An Ecocritical Analysis of mother!
Authors: Torres J.T. , Lupinacci John
Published: November 2023

By sharing the experiences of two teacher educators, this article interrogates a tendency in ecojustice education to position humans-as-saviors in climate crisis narratives. The authors postulate the use of film—specifically, Darren Aronofsky’s (2017) mother!—to facilitate the complex process of a critical ontology that decenters humans in stories of ecological relationality. The authors ask: How might we use film to disrupt the ways future teachers are commonly positioned as protagonists in the human-as-savior narrative? How might teachers be positioned to promote Holland, Lachiocotte, Skinner, and Cain’s (2001) pillars of ecological democracy: intelligent communication, recognized identity, and critical agency between multiple species? The authors share how they work with/in teacher education to address these tensions in a Social Foundations or Multicultural Education course. They conclude with pedagogical examples of how the authors envision film as part of a teacher education curriculum.
Predicting Surface Oscillations in Lake Superior from Normal Mode Dynamics
Authors: Kelly Samuel M. , Mansur Maqsood , Green Erica
Published: November 2023

Satellite observation of sea surface height (SSH) may soon have sufficient accuracy and resolution to map geostrophic currents in Lake Superior. A dynamic atmosphere correction will be needed to remove SSH variance due to basinwide seiching. Here, the dynamics of rotating barotropic gravity modes are examined using numerical models and lake-level gauges. Gravity modes explain 94% of SSH variance in a general circulation model and evolve as forced, damped oscillators. These modes have significant SSH, but negligible kinetic energy (2 J m−2) and dissipation rates (0.01 mW m−2) relative to other motions in Lake Superior. Removing gravity modes from instantaneous SSH allows geostrophic currents to be accurately computed. Complex empirical orthogonal functions (CEOFs) from 50 years of data at eight lake-level gauges show patterns consistent with the first two gravity modes. The frequency spectra of these CEOFs are consistent with forced, damped oscillators with natural frequencies of 3.05 and 4.91 cycles per day (cpd) and decay time scales of 4.5 and 1.0 days. Modal amplitudes from the general circulation model and lake-level gauges are 80% coherent at 1 cpd, but only 50% coherent at 3 cpd, indicating that the atmospheric reanalysis used to force the general circulation model is not accurate at the high natural frequencies of the gravity modes. The results indicate that a dynamic atmosphere correction should combine modeled gravity modes below 1 cpd and observed mode-1 and mode-2 amplitudes (from lake-level gauges) at higher frequencies. An inverted barometer correction is also recommended to account for low-frequency atmospheric pressure gradients that do not project onto gravity modes.