bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One Money, Many Markets
Authors: Corsetti Giancarlo , Duarte Joao , Mann Samuel
Published: July 2020

We study the transmission of monetary shocks across euro-area countries using a dynamic factor model and high-frequency identification. We develop a methodology to assess the degree of heterogeneity, which we find to be low in financial variables and output, but significant in consumption, consumer prices, and variables related to local housing and labor markets. Building a small open economy model featuring a housing sector and calibrating it to Spain, we show that varying the share of adjustable-rate mortgages and loan-to-value ratios explains up to one-third of the cross-country heterogeneity in the responses of output and private consumption.
Identification of novel nucleotide sequence variations in an extended region of the bovine leptin gene (LEP) across a variety of cattle breeds from New Zealand and Nigeria
Authors: Haruna Ishaku L. , Hadebe Sibusiso A. , Oladosu Oyekunle J. , Mahmoud Ghassan , Zhou Huitong , Hickford Jon G. H.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Leptin is mainly secreted by white adipose tissue in animals. Leptin acts by
stimulating or inhibiting the release of a neurotransmitter, which
eventually results in a decrease in food/feed intake and an increase in
energy expenditure. In this investigation, the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) coupled with single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis
was used to reveal nucleotide sequence variations in bovine leptin gene
(LEP) in 338 cattle of a variety of breeds farmed in New Zealand (NZ) and
Nigeria. These included NZ Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, and crossbred
Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cattle and the Nigerian Sokoto Gudali,
Red Bororo, White Fulani, and crossbred Holstein-Friesian × White
Fulani cattle. Sequence analysis of three regions of bovine LEP that
encompassed selected coding and non-coding regions, revealed a total of
12 nucleotide sequence variations (six in exons and six in introns). Of
these, three are reported here for the first time, whereas nine have been
previously described. Some of the variations identified were common in both
the NZ and Nigerian cattle breeds, while others were peculiar to particular
breeds from a specific region. The sharing of common variants across
different breeds irrespective of geography may indicate an evolutionary
relationship, just as the differences within a breed might be
attributable to either selective pressure for specific traits or random genetic
drift. The detection of both new and previously documented variations in
bovine LEP suggests that the gene is highly variable.
Molecular characterization, tissue expression and polymorphisms of buffalo PPARGC1A gene
Authors: Qiu Lihua , Fan Xinyang , Zhang Yongyun , Teng Xiaohong , Miao Yongwang
Published: July 2020

Abstract. PPARGC1A exerts important functions in activating many nuclear receptors and
transcription factors that are related to energy balance. Previous studies have
shown that PPARGC1A gene is associated with lactation traits of dairy cattle.
However, the functional role of the buffalo PPARGC1A gene is still unknown. In this
work, the complete coding sequence (CDS) of buffalo PPARGC1A was isolated and
characterized for swamp and river buffalo. The CDS length of PPARGC1A for both types
of buffalo was the same, which was composed of 2394 nucleotides and encoded
a peptide composed of 797 amino acid residues. This protein belonged to a
hydrophilic protein and contained one RRM_PPARGC1A domain (AA 674–764) without a signal peptide or a transmembrane domain. The
differential expressions of this gene in 10 buffalo tissues in lactation and
non-lactation displayed that the PPARGC1A was highly expressed in the muscle, heart,
liver, brain and kidney of both non-lactating and lactating periods, but its
expression was significantly different in the muscle, heart, liver, small
intestine, mammary gland, rumen, spleen and lung between the two periods.
Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in buffalo, in which
the c.778C>T, c.1257G>A and c.1311G>A
were shared by two types of buffalo with similar allele frequencies, while
the c.419C>T, c.759A>G, c.920C>A,
c.926G>A and c.1509A>T were only observed in river
buffalo. The SNP419, SNP920 and SNP926 were non-synonymous, which led to the
amino acid changes of p.Ser140Phe, p.Pro307His and p.Arg309Lys. Seven
nucleotide differential sites were identified in the PPARGC1A gene between buffalo and
other Bovidae species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that buffaloes were
independently clustered into one branch, but they were closely related to
the species of the Bos genus. The results indicate that buffalo PPARGC1A is an
inducible transcriptional coactivator involved in regulating carbohydrate
and fat metabolism. It can exert a functional role in a variety of buffalo
tissues and may participate in milk fat synthesis and development in the
mammary gland.
Overview: Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments (iCUPE) – concept and initial results
Authors: Petäjä Tuukka , Duplissy Ella-Maria , Tabakova Ksenia , Schmale Julia , Altstädter Barbara , Ancellet Gerard , Arshinov Mikhail , Balin Yurii , Baltensperger Urs , Bange Jens , Beamish Alison , Belan Boris , Berchet Antoine , Bossi Rossana , Cairns Warren R. L. , Ebinghaus Ralf , El Haddad Imad , Ferreira-Araujo Beatriz , Franck Anna , Huang Lin , Hyvärinen Antti , Humbert Angelika , Kalogridis Athina-Cerise , Konstantinov Pavel , Lampert Astrid , MacLeod Matthew , Magand Olivier , Mahura Alexander , Marelle Louis , Masloboev Vladimir , Moisseev Dmitri , Moschos Vaios , Neckel Niklas , Onishi Tatsuo , Osterwalder Stefan , Ovaska Aino , Paasonen Pauli , Panchenko Mikhail , Pankratov Fidel , Pernov Jakob B. , Platis Andreas , Popovicheva Olga , Raut Jean-Christophe , Riandet Aurélie , Sachs Torsten , Salvatori Rosamaria , Salzano Roberto , Schröder Ludwig , Schön Martin , Shevchenko Vladimir , Skov Henrik , Sonke Jeroen E. , Spolaor Andrea , Stathopoulos Vasileios K. , Strahlendorff Mikko , Thomas Jennie L. , Vitale Vito , Vratolis Sterios , Barbante Carlo , Chabrillat Sabine , Dommergue Aurélien , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Heilimo Jyri , Law Kathy S. , Massling Andreas , Noe Steffen M. , Paris Jean-Daniel , Prévôt André S. H. , Riipinen Ilona , Wehner Birgit , Xie Zhiyong , Lappalainen Hanna K.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The role of polar regions is increasing in terms of
megatrends such as globalization, new transport routes, demography, and the use
of natural resources with consequent effects on regional and transported
pollutant concentrations. We set up the ERA-PLANET Strand 4 project “iCUPE
– integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments” to
provide novel insights and observational data on global grand challenges
with an Arctic focus. We utilize an integrated approach combining in situ
observations, satellite remote sensing Earth observations (EOs), and
multi-scale modeling to synthesize data from comprehensive long-term
measurements, intensive campaigns, and satellites to deliver data products,
metrics, and indicators to stakeholders concerning the environmental
status, availability, and extraction of natural resources in the polar areas.
The iCUPE work consists of thematic state-of-the-art research and the provision
of novel data in atmospheric pollution, local sources and transboundary
transport, the characterization of arctic surfaces and their changes, an assessment
of the concentrations and impacts of heavy metals and persistent organic
pollutants and their cycling, the quantification of emissions from natural
resource extraction, and the validation and optimization of satellite Earth
observation (EO) data streams. In this paper we introduce the iCUPE project
and summarize initial results arising out of the integration of comprehensive in
situ observations, satellite remote sensing, and multi-scale modeling in the
Arctic context.
Analysis and attribution of total column ozone changes over the Tibetan Plateau during 1979–2017
Authors: Li Yajuan , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Feng Wuhu , Dhomse Sandip S. , Pope Richard J. , Li Faquan , Guo Dong
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Various observation-based datasets have confirmed
positive zonal mean column ozone trends at midlatitudes as a result of the
successful implementation of the Montreal Protocol. However, there is still
uncertainty about the longitudinal variation of these trends and the
direction and magnitude of ozone changes at low latitudes. Here, we use the
extended Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) dataset (1979–2017) to
investigate the long-term variations in total column ozone (TCO) over the
Tibetan Plateau (TP) for different seasons. We use piecewise linear trend
(PWLT) and equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine loading (EESC)-based
multivariate regression models with various proxies to attribute the
influence of dynamical and chemical processes on the TCO variability. We
also compare the seasonal behaviour of the relative total ozone low (TOL)
over the TP with the zonal mean at the same latitude. Both regression models show that the TP column ozone trends change from
negative trends from 1979 to 1996 to small positive trends from 1997 to 2017,
although the later positive trend based on PWLT is not statistically
significant. The wintertime positive trend starting from 1997 is larger than that in
summer, but both seasonal TP recovery rates are smaller than the zonal means
over the same latitude band. For TP column ozone, both regression models
suggest that the geopotential height at 150 hPa (GH150) is a more suitable
and realistic dynamical proxy compared to a surface temperature proxy used
in some previous studies. Our analysis also shows that the wintertime GH150
plays an important role in determining summertime TCO over the TP through
persistence of the ozone signal. For the zonal mean column ozone at this
latitude, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is nonetheless the dominant dynamical proxy. We also use a 3-D chemical transport model to diagnose the contributions of
different proxies for the TP region. The role of GH150 variability is
illustrated by using two sensitivity experiments with repeating dynamics of
2004 and 2008. The simulated ozone profiles clearly show that wintertime TP
ozone concentrations are largely controlled by tropics to midlatitude
pathways, whereas in summer variations associated with tropical processes
play an important role. These model results confirm that the long-term
trends of TCO over the TP are dominated by different processes in winter and
summer. The different TP recovery rates relative to the zonal means at the
same latitude band are largely determined by wintertime dynamical processes.
TITAN automatic spatial quality control of meteorological in-situ observations
Authors: Båserud Line , Lussana Cristian , Nipen Thomas N. , Seierstad Ivar A. , Oram Louise , Aspelien Trygve
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In science, poor quality input data will invariably lead to faulty conclusions, as in the spirit of the saying “garbage in, garbage out”.
Atmospheric sciences make no exception and correct data is crucial to obtain a useful representation of the real world in meteorological, climatological and hydrological applications. Titan is a computer program for the automatic quality control of meteorological data that has been designed to serve real-time operational applications that process massive amounts of observations measured by networks of automatic weather stations.
The need to quality control third-party data, such as citizen observations, within a station network that is constantly changing was an important motivation that led to the development of Titan. The quality control strategy adopted is a sequence of tests, where several of them utilize the expected spatial consistency between nearby observations. The spatial continuity can also be evaluated against independent data sources, such as numerical model output and remote sensing measurements. Examples of applications of Titan for the quality control of near-surface hourly temperature and precipitation over Scandinavia are presented. In the case of temperature, this specific application has been integrated into the operational production chain of automatic weather forecasts at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway). Titan is an open source project and it is made freely available for public download. One of the objectives of the Titan project is to establish a community working on common tools for automatic quality control, and the Titan program represents a first step in that direction for MET Norway. Further developments are necessary to achieve a solution that satisfies more users, for this reason we are currently working on transforming Titan into a more flexible library of functions.
Measurement and modelling of the dynamics of NH3
surface-atmosphere exchange over the Amazonian rainforest
Authors: Ramsay Robbie , Di Marco Chiara F. , Heal Mathew R. , Sörgel Matthias , Artaxo Paulo , Andreae Meinrat O. , Nemitz Eiko
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Local and regional modelling of NH3 surface exchange is required to quantify nitrogen deposition to, and emissions from, the biosphere. However, measurements and model parameterisations for many remote ecosystems – such as tropical rainforest – remain sparse. Using one month of hourly measurements of NH3 fluxes and meteorological parameters over a remote Amazon rainforest site (Amazon Tall Tower Observatory, ATTO), six model parameterisations based on a bi-directional, single-layer, canopy compensation point resistance model were developed to simulate observations of NH3 surface exchange. Canopy resistance was linked to either relative humidity at the canopy level (RHz′0), vapour pressure deficit, or a parameter value based on leaf wetness measurements. The ratio of apoplastic NH4+ to H+ concentration, Γs, during this campaign was inferred to be 38.5 ± 15.8. The parameterisation that reproduced the observed net exchange of NH3 most accurately was the model that used a cuticular resistance (Rw) parameterisation based on leaf wetness measurements and a value of Γs = 50 (Pearson correlation r = 0.71). Conversely, the model that performed the worst at replicating measured NH3 fluxes used an Rw value modelled using (RHz′0) and the inferred value of Γs = 38.5 (r = 0.45). The results indicate that a single layer, canopy compensation point model is appropriate for simulating NH3 fluxes from tropical rainforest during the Amazonian dry season, and confirmed that a direct measurement of (a non-binary) leaf wetness parameter improves the ability to estimate Rw. Current inferential methods for determining Γs were noted as having difficulties in the humid conditions present at a rainforest site.
New ground-based Fourier-transform near-infrared solar absorption measurements of XCO2, XCH4 and XCO at Xianghe, China
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhou Minqiang , Langerock Bavo , Sha Mahesh Kumar , Hermans Christian , Wang Ting , Ji Denghui , Vigouroux Corinne , Kumps Nicolas , Wang Gengchen , De Mazière Martine , Wang Pucai
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2), CH4 (XCH4) and CO (XCO) have been measured with a Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at Xianghe (39.75∘ N, 116.96∘ E, north China) since June 2018. This paper presents the site, the characteristics of the FTIR system and the measurements. The instrumental setup follows the guidelines of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON): the near-infrared spectra are recorded by an InGaAs detector together with a CaF2 beam splitter, and the HCl cell measurements are recorded regularly to derive the instrument line shape (ILS) showing that the instrument is correctly aligned. The TCCON standard retrieval code (GGG2014) is applied to retrieve XCO2, XCH4 and XCO. The resulting time series between June 2018 and July 2019 are presented, and the observed seasonal cycles and day-to-day variations in XCO2, XCH4 and XCO at Xianghe are discussed. In addition, the paper shows comparisons between the data products retrieved from the FTIR measurements at Xianghe and co-located Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) and Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite observations. The comparison results appear consistent with validation results obtained at TCCON sites for XCO2 and XCH4, while for XCO they highlight the occurrence of frequent high-pollution events. As Xianghe lies in a polluted area in north China where there are currently no TCCON sites, this site can fill the TCCON gap in this region and expand the global coverage of the TCCON measurements. The Xianghe FTIR XCO2, XCH4 and XCO data can be obtained at https://doi.org/10.18758/71021049 (Yang et al., 2019).
Widespread decline in terrestrial water storage and its link to teleconnections across Asia and eastern Europe
Authors: Liu Xianfeng , Feng Xiaoming , Ciais Philippe , Fu Bojie
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Recent global changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS)
and associated freshwater availability raise major concerns about the sustainability of global water resources. However, our knowledge regarding
the long-term trends in TWS and its components is still not well documented.
In this study, we characterize the spatiotemporal variations in TWS and its
components over the Asian and eastern European regions from April 2002 to June 2017 based on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite
observations, land surface model simulations, and precipitation
observations. The connections of TWS and global major teleconnections (TCs)
are also discussed. The results indicate a widespread decline in TWS during
2002–2017, and five hotspots of TWS negative trends were identified with
trends between −8.94 and −21.79 mm yr−1. TWS partitioning
suggests that these negative trends are primarily attributed to the
intensive over-extraction of groundwater and warmth-induced surface water loss, but the contributions of each hydrological component vary among
hotspots. The results also indicate that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation are the three
largest dominant factors controlling the variations in TWS through the covariability effect on climate variables. However, seasonal results suggest
a divergent response of hydrological components to TCs among seasons and
hotspots. Our findings provide insights into changes in TWS and its
components over the Asian and eastern European regions, where there is a growing demand for food grains and water supplies.
Influence of flex-sub on mechanical properties of rotary steerable drilling system
Authors: Wang Jin , Xue Qilong , Li Lixin , Huang Leilei , Li Fangtao , Liu Baolin
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In this paper we analysis of the dynamic model of the Rotary
Steerable System (RSS) with a single stabilizer and flex-sub. The drill
collar and joint are simplified to obtain suitable bottom-hole assembly
(BHA) model of mechanical analysis and finite element analysis. Using the
BHA uniform stiffness assumption (ignoring the influence of variable section
and variable stiffness of drill collar in BHA), the paper takes a method of
the longitudinal and transverse bending continuous beam method to analyse
the stress of BHA with RSS with the flex-sub under different inclination
angles and curvature conditions. In addition, a dynamic analysis model is
proposed, and the dynamic stress of drilling tools with RSS is analysed.
Through the software of ANSYS, the finite element analysis of the RSS with
the flex-sub is carried out to verify the theoretical results. The influence
of flex-sub on the steering drilling performance of RSS is studied, and the
optimized parameters of flex-sub design are obtained, which provides useful
suggestions for the design of RSS.
Stress field orientation controls on fault leakage at a natural CO2 reservoir
Authors: Miocic Johannes M. , Johnson Gareth , Gilfillan Stuart M. V.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Travertine deposits present above the St. Johns Dome natural CO2
reservoir in Arizona, USA, document a long (>400 kyr) history of
surface leakage of CO2 from a subsurface reservoir. These deposits are
concentrated along surface traces of faults, implying that there has been a
structural control on the migration pathway of CO2-rich fluids. Here,
we combine slip tendency and fracture stability to analyse the geomechanical
stability of the reservoir-bounding Coyote Wash Fault for three different
stress fields and two interpreted fault rock types to predict areas with
high leakage risks. We find that these areas coincide with the travertine
deposits on the surface, indicating that high-permeability pathways as a
result of critically stressed fracture networks exist in both a fault damage
zone and around a fault tip. We conclude that these structural features
control leakage. Importantly, we find that even without in situ stress field
data, the known leakage points can be predicted using geomechanical
analyses, despite the unconstrained tectonic setting. Whilst acquiring
high-quality stress field data for secure subsurface CO2 or energy storage
remains critical, we shown that a first-order assessment of leakage risks
during site selection can be made with limited stress field knowledge.
Lateral meltwater transfer across an Antarctic ice shelf
Authors: Dell Rebecca , Arnold Neil , Willis Ian , Banwell Alison , Williamson Andrew , Pritchard Hamish , Orr Andrew
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Surface meltwater on ice shelves can exist as slush, it can pond in lakes or
crevasses, or it can flow in surface streams and rivers. The collapse of the
Larsen B Ice Shelf in 2002 has been attributed to the sudden drainage of
∼3000 surface lakes and has highlighted the potential for
surface water to cause ice-shelf instability. Surface meltwater systems have
been identified across numerous Antarctic ice shelves, although the extent
to which these systems impact ice-shelf instability is poorly constrained.
To better understand the role of surface meltwater systems on ice shelves,
it is important to track their seasonal development, monitoring the
fluctuations in surface water volume and the transfer of water across
ice-shelf surfaces. Here, we use Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery to track
surface meltwater across the Nivlisen Ice Shelf in the 2016–2017 melt
season. We develop the Fully Automated Supraglacial-Water Tracking algorithm
for Ice Shelves (FASTISh) and use it to identify and track the development
of 1598 water bodies, which we classify as either circular or linear. The
total volume of surface meltwater peaks on 26 January 2017 at 5.5×107 m3. At this time, 63 % of the total volume is held within
two linear surface meltwater systems, which are up to 27 km long, are
orientated along the ice shelf's north–south axis, and follow the surface
slope. Over the course of the melt season, they appear to migrate away from
the grounding line, while growing in size and enveloping smaller water
bodies. This suggests there is large-scale lateral water transfer through
the surface meltwater system and the firn pack towards the ice-shelf front
during the summer.
Ricoeur’s Rawls: Constitutive Antecedence and Reflective Equilibrium
Authors: Hutchens Benjamin Coy
Published: July 2020

This article aims to stimulate dispute about the justification of Paul Ricœur’s hermeneutic reading of John Rawls. Offering a close, methodically point-for-point textual engagement, I shall propose that Ricœur’s misreading of certain hermeneutic circularities in Rawls is owed to some confusion about the role of the procedural nature of Rawls’ theory. Generally speaking, the problems with Ricœur’s interpretations center on the question of whether there is something “pre-understood” within the formal theoretical understanding of the procedural theory of justice and the substantive convictions and judgments that figure within the reflective equilibrium of deliberations about the terms of justice. Arguably, Ricœur has not made a satisfactory case that the difference and liberty principles are considered convictions that anticipate their discovery and establishment. Ultimately, Ricœur has not demonstrated that there is a single presuppositional form that renders Rawls’ procedure self-defeating. Instead, he has proposed to us several potential forms of damaging presupposition, each of which is based on a questionable reading of Rawls’ text.
Paul Ricœur and Clifford Geertz: The Harmonic Dialogue between Philosophical Hermeneutics and Cultural Anthropology
Authors: Vendra Maria Cristina Clorinda
Published: July 2020

Human experience has a symbolic structure. By focusing on the symbolism of human action, this essay considers the reciprocal influences and the essential differences between Paul Ricœur’s hermeneutics and Clifford Geertz’s cultural anthropology. Through reference to Ricœur’s Lectures on Ideology and Utopia, the section on “Ideology, Utopia, and Politics” in From Text to Action, and Geertz’s 1973 book The Interpretation of Cultures, this paper aims at reconstructing the dialogue between these thinkers. I begin with a broad framing of the encounter between Ricœur and Geertz, and then turn to the notion of the symbolic mediation of action, considering it as the shared key concept between these authors. These reflections will lead to an examination of the semiotic conception of culture, opening up the discussion of a nonpejorative dimension of ideology.
Introduction
Authors: Lacour Philippe
Published: July 2020

Introduction (english version) of ERRS 2020 11 1, “Paul Ricœur: Penser au risque du langage / Paul Ricœur: The Challenges of The Language”
El viaje a Roma de Luis de Oviedo, agente y coleccionista a principios del siglo XVII
Authors: Cavero de Carondelet Cloe
Published: July 2020

Este artículo parte de numerosa documentación inédita para reconstruir el viaje a Roma de Luis de Oviedo (ca. 1585-1624), uno de los coleccionistas no aristocráticos más significativos de principios del siglo XVII. Expulsado de la catedral de Toledo a causa de su supuesta ascendencia conversa, el clérigo pasó más de cuatro años en Roma negociando su limpieza de sangre. Allí establecería una sólida red de contactos diplomáticos y artísticos de la que formaron parte embajadores, nuncios y pintores como Luis Tristán y Carlo Saraceni. A partir de los itinerarios de Luis de Oviedo, este artículo ofrece una nueva perspectiva sobre las conexiones entre la representación política y la intermediación cultural entre Toledo, Roma, y Madrid durante el reinado de Felipe III.
"EVERY WORD YOU JUST SAID IS WRONG": ONLINE RAGE AND INCLUSIVITY IN DISNEY FRANCHISE FANDOM
Authors: Blodgett Bridget , Salter Anastasia
Published: July 2020

The months leading up to the release of Disney franchise films The Last Jedi (December 2017) and Black Panther (February 2018) were marked by speculation, concern, and fervor in equal measures from the established fan communities of Star Wars and Marvel. Both franchises have been associated with toxic geek masculinity, a performed, communal hypermasculinity marked by exclusionary practices and rhetoric (Salter & Blodgett, 2017). By centering either non-white or non-male characters as leads in roles traditionally dominated by cisgender white men, both films became centers for toxic discourse and targeted campaigns aimed at disrupting their commercial success. In this paper, we will situate these case studies as emblematic of the changing discourse of geek fandom spaces, and its intersections with white supremacy and misogyny.
FROM AD HOC ISSUE PUBLICS TO DISCOURSE COMMUNITIES: A YEAR OF PUBLIC DEBATE ON TWITTER
Authors: Dehghan Ehsan
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an empirical investigation of the concept of ad hoc issue publics, through a mixed-methods analysis of a year of debate over a contentious topic in the Australian public sphere. Following two controversial racial discrimination cases in 2016, a number of Australian conservative politicians called for amendments to a specific section of the Racial Discrimination Act (Section 18C), which they claimed restricted freedom of speech. Similar proposals had been put forward and shelved in 2013. The issue was discussed widely on Twitter and other social media platforms. Eventually, the Australian Senate voted down changes to section 18C. Using a range of network analyses, examining the various network structures created by Twitter’s affordances, this study identifies the publics and communities involved in the debate. The discourses of these communities are then qualitatively analysed. The findings show that different—and sometimes antagonistic—discourse communities are involved in the debate, and while all of these use the same hashtags and keywords, they have contrasting discursive positions. This paper argues that in this case, the publics created as a result of the affordances of Twitter cannot be regarded as ad hoc issue publics, since the discourse communities involved were formed as a result of a priori ideological affinities. Broadly, the findings of this study help in the theorisation of online publics and communities, particularly the necessary elements involved in the formation of ad hoc issue publics and/or online discourse communities.
NAVIGATING NETWORKED TIME: VISUAL SELF-IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT AMONG YOUTH
Authors: Gorea Michelle
Published: July 2020

According to dominant theorizations of contemporary society, many people’s daily practices now occur within, and reproduce, a social world where media are the fundamental reference and resource for the development of the self (Couldry and Hepp 2017:15). Although previous research has revealed the mutual shaping of technologies, interaction, and identity in the broader contexts of economic and social change related to ‘millennials’, we know little about the precise ways in which these practices occur and how the self is being differently constructed over time. Using a multi-method qualitative approach, this work in progress paper explores three key questions: 1) What happens when visuality becomes a part of youth’s everyday practices of interaction? 2) What roles are images playing in routine interaction among youth? 3) How and in what ways does the maintenance of a visually ‘mediated presence’ in social media shape youths’ views of the self? This paper elaborates on findings within three categories that illustrate youth’s visual practices and how they are differently understood over time: (1) images of the self in the moment; (2) images of the self over time; and (3) images of the self under surveillance. The preliminary findings of this research suggest that although youth’s technological practices may not all be new, there are significant aspects of visuality that alters some of the key factors shaping young people’s use and understandings of new media technologies.
REMOVING THE PHYSICAL BODY FROM INTERACTION - A PHENOMENOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION INTO LAYPEOPLE SHARING SELF-TRACKED EXERCISE DATA ON SOCIAL NETWORK SITES WHEN THEY FEEL UNEASY EXERCISING WITH PEOPLE
Authors: Grønborg Joeb Høfdinghoff
Published: July 2020

Self-tracking applications (apps) like Endomondo, Runkeeper and Strava have made it effortless for laypeople to measure their exercise activity and turn it into detailed data on running time, distance, average pace, calories burned etc. The users can share the exercise data with personal networks of users (often named friends) on the apps’ internal social network sites (Ellison & boyd, 2013) or external social network sites such as Facebook or Twitter. Few studies, however, have shed light on how people use self-tracking in their everyday lives (Lupton, 2016) – e.g. why people share exercise data on social network sites. Some people feel uneasy by exercising with – or in the presence of – people. In this paper, I provide a thick description of people that bypass their struggle with social exercise by sharing exercise data on social network sites. I utilize the lived experience of two female newcomers to exercise, Amanda and Dorte, to illustrate this. Firstly, using the philosopher and medical doctor Drew Leder’s phenomenological investigations into embodiment, I analyze how the females’ bodies dys-appear (Leder, 1990) when they exercise near/with people. Secondly, I examine how their networks of friends function as a beneficial form of exercise sociality that encourages Amanda and Dorte’s exercise activity. My empirical data originates from an exploratory, interview study of 12 Danish, recreational athletes’ experiences with exercise-related self-tracking apps.
“LIKE, COMMENT AND SUBSCRIBE”. EXPLORING THE ROLE PROFESSIONAL YOUTUBERS PLAY IN YOUNG PEOPLE’S HEALTH BEHAVIOURS AND IDENTITES IN THE UK
Authors: Harris Jane
Published: July 2020

In the United Kingdom, there are over 150 individual YouTubers with >1 million subscribers. A significant proportion of their audience are aged between 13-18 years. The content they produce is often: commercially sponsored, unregulated and both purposefully and accidentally touches on a whole range of health topics including: mental health, alcohol, sexual health, body image, healthy eating and physical activity. YouTubers could represent a particularly relatable source of health information for young people as a magnified version of young people’s own searchable and replicable online socially networked lives. The aim of the research is to explore the role that professional YouTubers play in young people health behaviours and identities in the UK. The study was a four stage, sequential mixed methods design. The first stage, a school based questionnaire (n=931, 13-18 years) quantified young people’s YouTuber engagement and provided a sampling frame for the later qualitative stages. An online analysis of 7 UK YouTubers examined the health content they produced. Focus groups (n=7, 85 participants) with 13-18 year olds explored the impact this content had on young people’s health behaviours and interviews with professional YouTubers ( <1 million subscribers, ongoing) explored their perceived role in health promotion. YouTuber produced health content appeared to be a recognized source of health information for young people in this study. Young people appeared able to critique the accuracy and commercial influences on YouTuber content. However, this content still appears to be a relatable way of sharing health experiences, giving advice and communicating social norms.
THE SOCIO-TECHNICAL ENTANGLEMENTS OF LIVE STREAMING ON TWITCH.TV
Authors: Johnson Mark Richard , Woodcock Jamie
Published: July 2020

The website and platform Twitch.tv is the overwhelming market leader in the live broadcast (“streaming”) of user-created videos over the internet, known primarily for the streaming of video game play. In both 2016 and 2017 over two million people regularly broadcast on the platform, resulting in over a million years of video content in total viewed by over one hundred million people (Twitch, 2017). The deep newness of this phenomenon, alongside the many elements that constitute it, make it an important site for studying digital labour, co-production, and gaming culture. In this paper we focus on three elements of the conference theme: the shifting political and creative economies of streaming media, in our case Twitch; social media, platforms, podcasts, and actors in online networks; and the materialities of data, in our case a million years of video content. Specifically, we consider the entangling of the technical and social dimensions of the Twitch phenomenon: how these elements shape the labour of Twitch streamers, audience engagement with the platform, and Twitch’s wider position in contemporary media production. To do so we draw upon semi-structured interviews with over one hundred professional streamers on the Twitch platform, lasting between ten minutes and one hour, alongside at least one hour of ethnographic observation from over two hundred Twitch channels and ethnographic work from almost a dozen gaming events in the United Kingdom, United States, Germany and Poland in the past two years.
‘ANNE GOES ROGUE FOR ABORTION RIGHTS!’ EXPLORING DISCURSIVE MATERIALIZATION ACROSS AND BEYOND ONLINE PLATFORMS
Authors: Myles David
Published: July 2020

This presentation examines the social media campaign #SupportIslandWomen that was undertaken by reproductive rights activists in Prince Edward Island (PEI). The initiative gained popularity in 2016 due to both the off- and online circulation of posters throughout PEI landmarks depicting the Green Gables-like image of a young girl (“rogue Anne”) wearing red braids and a bandana. These posters showcased specific hashtags that encouraged debates on various online platforms. For this study, we underline how human actors invoked the symbolic ‘figure’ of rogue Anne to give weight to their own arguments by speaking or acting in her name. By ‘figure’, we mean any symbolic entity that is materialized through interaction and that possesses agency, or the ability to make a significant difference in interaction. Hence, our study examines the processes through which rogue Anne was made present in interaction, the role of digital (online) and physical (offline) affordances in the materialization of this figure, and the differentiated effects that these invocations generated. To do so, we build our dataset by performing non-participant observation on social media platforms and by exploring Canadian blogs and newspapers. Drawing from organizational discourse theory, our results show that invoking the figure of rogue Anne allowed for pro-choice collectives to assert their authority in abortion debates by labelling the fictional character as a modern feminist icon. They also underline the importance of studying the intervention of symbolic figures, their effects, and their materialization within political initiatives that incorporate and go beyond the practice of ‘hashtagging’.
PLATFORM POWER & PUBLIC VALUE
Authors: Poell Thomas , Nieborg David , Van Dijck José
Published: July 2020

This paper offers an analytical framework to critically examine the power relations that structure the online platform ecosystem. Following a relational understanding of power, it focuses on the connections between the five leading platform corporations - Alphabet-Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, and Microsoft (GAFAM) - and the many other digital properties (i.e. platforms, websites, and apps) that populate the online ecosystem. Exploring these connections, we notice that a growing number of digital properties are integrated with, and increasingly dependent on the infrastructural services offered by the GAFAM platforms. These services include: advertising networks, login services, cloud hosting, app stores, payment systems, data analytics, video hosting, geospatial and navigation services, search functionalities, and operating systems. Such infrastructural services allow a wide variety of companies to make their products and services available online, attract and target users, analyze their activities, and generate revenue. It is through the ubiquitous integration and consistent use of these infrastructural services that platform power emerges and is consolidated. To demonstrate how such power relations can be analyzed, the paper highlights two key infrastructural services: app stores and ad networks. For each service it discusses two levels of analysis that can be pursued to gain insight in the workings of platform power. Ultimately a systematically analysis of the key infrastructural services will need to be developed to arrive at a refined taxonomy of platform power relations. Such taxonomy is essential to establish guidelines for governing the platform ecosystem in correspondence with key public values.
DISTRIBUTING SERVICES THROUGH THE CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE: THE CASE OF A NORWEGIAN SOFTWARE FIRM
Authors: Ritter Christian Simon
Published: July 2020

This paper examines how professional practices of software developers forge global assemblages in the oil and gas industry by shedding light on the implementation of cloud technologies within a Norwegian-based digital service company. Delivering digital solutions to oil and gas extracting corporations, this company primarily develops proprietary software providing engineers with business intelligence dashboards that assist in managing the assets involved in the extraction of resources. This extended case study seeks to gain a better understanding of the materialities emerging in cloud environments by illuminating transnational divisions of labor within global assemblages. Committed to a holistic contextualization, this mixed-method investigation is primarily based on ethnographic fieldwork, including participation in industry events and a three-month secondment in a small-scale digital service company. Drawing from a materialistic approach to internet technologies, the study provides a comprehensive account of the digital service company since its founding in 2001. Based on evidence from industry events and a long-term immersion in the working lives of software developers, I suggest that the implementation of cloud technologies in the oil and gas industry prompted new digital divisions of labor and replaced the physical travel of professionals with a remote control system facilitating an enhanced circulation of data. The findings of this investigation imply that cloud computing continues to restructure the global economy and accelerates the migration of data through internet technologies.
HATRED OF/AND DEMOCRACY: THE POLITICAL CONTRADICTIONS OF REDDIT’S MODERATION STRUCTURE
Authors: Smith Trevor Garrison
Published: July 2020

This paper seeks to interpret Reddit moderation as a problem of political theory, rather than as a debate between the merits of human moderation and algorithmic moderation. Analyzing Reddit’s moderation structure shows that both the human moderation and the algorithmic moderation reinforce a form of anti-politics which leaves users feeling like they have no input and thus no interest in the well-being of the subreddits in which they participate. Online governance structures are largely top down and authoritarian in nature, despite often being couched in democratic rhetoric, reflecting what Jacques Rancière describes as a hatred of democracy. By looking at the example of how r/Canada came to be widely disparaged on Reddit as a bastion of hate, I make the argument that the key to rooting out online hate is not through more human moderation or by giving algorithms more control, but by creating a democratic culture of buy-in through which users are empowered with responsibility for the quality of content in a discussion space.
MASS MEDIA AND THE LEGITIMATION OF INTERNET CONTROL IN RUSSIA: THE CASE OF TELEGRAM
Authors: Wijermars Mariëlle
Published: July 2020

In today's hyperconnected world, states are confronted with the global challenge of responding to potentially disruptive online communications, such as terrorist propaganda and fake news. Formulating effective internet regulation to address these threats carries the risk of infringing upon media freedom and constitutional rights. In the case of Russia, ostensibly sound legitimations have been instrumentalised to bring about a dramatic decline in internet freedom. Controlling public opinion may well be decisive for Russia's "success" in expanding its system of internet controls without arousing popular resistance. Scholarship thus far, however, has neglected to critically examine how the Russian government legitimates and cultivates popular support for restricting online freedom of speech. This paper aims to address this crucial aspect of internet censorship by studying how restrictions of internet freedom, freedom of expression and the right to information and privacy are framed in political and media discourses. The paper presents a case study examining the legitimation of user data storage, surveillance and restriction of online anonymity, on the example of messaging application Telegram. To justify legal measures in these domains, policymakers have framed their proposals as anti-terrorist, or claimed the need to protect personal data from foreign states. Typically, anonymity and privacy are recast as secrecy indicating criminal (e.g., drug dealers) or morally derogatory intent (e.g., paedophilia). The paper analyses how frames are produced by policymakers; how they are translated and disseminated in state and (semi-)independent media; and how they resonate in online debates and social media.
NOT SUFFERING FOOLS GLADLY: CRAFTING PROSOCIAL COMMUNITY IN ONLINE MULTIPLAYER MINECRAFT
Authors: Woodbridge Kenzie Ann Burniston
Published: July 2020

Over 700 million people worldwide are socializing and spending time, sometimes significant amounts, in online multiplayer games, and these social spaces can be important sites of community. Unfortunately, levels of civility, aggression, and mutual helping can vary significantly between game spaces. Given their ubiquity and importance in so many people’s lives, it is critical to understand how a prosocial community can be created and maintained over time in these spaces for those who want them. This research uses virtual ethnography and interpretive phenomenological analysis to examine how moderation and community development strategies, game design elements, and player behaviours are experienced and can be influenced by players in prosocially-oriented online multiplayer Minecraft servers. It is clear that it is the prosocial orientation of players and the commitment, social skill, and integrity of server moderators that is most key to creating and maintaining a prosocial gaming environment and that although game design can support prosociality, game design factors appear to be much less important overall. Attracting the right players—and refusing entry to the wrong ones—is the most important concern.
Risk Ratios and Special Education: The Cure Is Worse than the Disability
Authors: Coker David C.
Published: July 2020

Many researchers report risk ratios of White students to Black students with disabilities to show disproportionality and draw the conclusion discrimination exists. Risk ratios, upon further inspection, have methodological and philosophical problems which challenge the usefulness. A qualitative literature review provides a framework for understanding disproportionality and the use of risk ratios. Four themes underpin disproportionality findings, and a theory for future action was derived from the literature review. Recommendations to improve special education services are presented: universal screening, a standardized process, fidelity and research, and a focus on academic achievement.
Study on Twining Technologies Adopted by Bamboo Sutra Wrappers of the Tang Dynasty
Authors: Yang Rulin , Kuang Yanghua
Published: July 2020

Bamboo sutra wrapper is made of bamboo splints fastened together with silk threads using the warp twining method. Bamboo sutra wrappers dating to the Tang and Song dynasties are mainly found in Cave 17. They are usually in a rectangular shape with the geometrical, dotted or floral pattern which are quite favored in the Tang dynasty. Affected by Buddhism, sutra wrappers of this kind have also been found in other Asian countries such as Japan and Korea, with a similarity in structure, dimension and twining method.