bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matrix Metalloproteinase Response of Dendritic Cell, Gingival Epithelial Keratinocyte, and T-Cell Transwell Co-Cultures Treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis Hemagglutinin-B
Authors: Bates Amber M. , Fischer Carol L. , Abhyankar Vrushali P. , Johnson Georgia K. , Guthmiller Janet M. , Progulske-Fox Ann , Brogden Kim A.
Published: December 2018

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in periodontal tissue destruction. Hemagglutinin B (HagB) from the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis induces an elevated MMP response in dendritic cells, but responses from cultures of single-cell types do not reflect the local tissue environment. The objective of this study was to measure HagB-induced MMP responses in a transwell co-culture system containing dendritic cells, gingival epithelial (GE) keratinocytes, and CD4+ T-cells. Transwell co-cultures were assembled and treated with or without HagB. Immunoassays were used to determine production of MMP1, MMP7, MMP9, and MMP12 in response to HagB up to 64 h. Control responses were subtracted from HagB-induced responses. A two-way fixed effect ANOVA was fit to log-transformed concentrations and pairwise group comparisons were conducted (p < 0.05). At 64 h, dendritic cells produced elevated MMP1 and MMP9 responses, which were attenuated in the 3-cell co-culture (p < 0.05). There were also significant differences in MMP7 and MMP12 production between single-cell cultures and co-cultures. These results support the need to use multiple cell types in culture models to evaluate a more representative response to proinflammatory agonists. This three-cell transwell co-culture model may help us better understand the inflammatory process in periodontal disease and test novel therapeutic approaches.
A Highly Efficient Cell Division-Specific CRISPR/Cas9 System Generates Homozygous Mutants for Multiple Genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Feng Zhengyan , Zhang Zhengjing , Hua Kai , Gao Xifeng , Mao Yanfei , Botella Jose Ramon , Zhu Jian-Kang
Published: December 2018

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely used for targeted genome editing in numerous plant species. In Arabidopsis, constitutive promoters usually result in a low efficiency of heritable mutation in the T1 generation. In this work, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing efficiencies using different promoters to drive Cas9 expression were evaluated. Expression of Cas9 under the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter resulted in a 2.3% mutation rate in T1 plants and failed to produce homozygous mutations in the T1 and T2 generations. In contrast, expression of Cas9 under two cell division-specific promoters, YAO and CDC45, produced mutation rates of 80.9% to 100% in the T1 generation with nonchimeric mutations in the T1 (4.4–10%) and T2 (32.5–46.1%) generations. The pCDC45 promoter was used to modify a previously reported multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 system, replacing the original constitutive ubiquitin promoter. The multi-pCDC45-Cas9 system produced higher mutation efficiencies than the multi-pUBQ-Cas9 system in the T1 generation (60.17% vs. 43.71%) as well as higher efficiency of heritable mutations (11.30% vs. 4.31%). Sextuple T2 homozygous mutants were identified from a construct targeting seven individual loci. Our results demonstrate the advantage of using cell division promoters for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing applications in Arabidopsis, especially in multiplex applications.
Damage Determination in Ceramic Composites Subject to Tensile Fatigue Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Morscher Gregory N. , Han Zipeng
Published: December 2018

Acoustic emission (AE) has proven to be a very useful technique for determining damage in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). CMCs rely on various cracking mechanisms which enable non-linear stress–strain behavior with ultimate failure of the composite due to fiber failure. Since these damage mechanisms are all microfracture mechanisms, they emit stress waves ideal for AE monitoring. These are typically plate waves since, for most specimens or applications, one dimension is significantly smaller than the wavelength of the sound waves emitted. By utilizing the information of the sound waveforms captured on multiple channels from individual events, the location and identity of the sources can often be elucidated. The keys to the technique are the use of wide-band frequency sensors, digitization of the waveforms (modal AE), strategic placement of sensors to sort the data and acquire important contents of the waveforms pertinent for identification, and familiarity with the material as to the damage mechanisms occurring at prescribed points of the stress history. The AE information informs the damage progression in a unique way, which adds to the understanding of the process of failure for these composites. The AE methodology was applied to woven SiC fiber-reinforced melt-infiltrated SiC matrix composites tested in fatigue (R = 0.1) at different frequencies. Identification of when and where AE occurred coupled with waveform analysis led to source identification and failure progression. For low frequency fatigue conditions, damage progression leading to failure appeared to be due to fiber failure at or near the peak stress of the stress cycle. For higher frequency fatigue conditions, significantly greater amounts of AE were detected compared to low frequency tests a few hours prior to failure. Damage progression leading to failure included AE detected events which occurred on the unloading part of the fatigue cycle near the valley of the stress cycle. These events were associated with 90 tow longitudinal split and shear cracks presumably due to local compressive stresses associated with mating crack surface interactions during unloading. The local region where these occurred was the eventual failure location and the “valley” events appeared to influence the formation of increased local transverse cracking based on AE.
Investigation of the Foam Development Stages by Non-Destructive Testing Technology Using the Freeze Foaming Process
Authors: Maier Johanna , Behnisch Thomas , Geske Vinzenz , Ahlhelm Matthias , Werner David , Moritz Tassilo , Michaelis Alexander , Gude Maik
Published: December 2018

With a novel Freeze Foaming method, it is possible to manufacture porous cellular components whose structure and composition also enables them for application as artificial bones, among others. To tune the foam properties to our needs, we have to understand the principles of the foaming process and how the relevant process parameters and the foam’s structure are linked. Using in situ analysis methods, like X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT), the foam structure and its development can be observed and correlated to its properties. For this purpose, a device was designed at the Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK). Due to varying suspension temperature and the rate of pressure decrease it was possible to analyze the foam’s developmental stages for the first time. After successfully identifying the mechanism of foam creation and cell structure formation, process routes for tailored foams can be developed in future.
Etched Fiber Bragg Grating Biosensor Functionalized with Aptamers for Detection of Thrombin
Authors: Bekmurzayeva Aliya , Dukenbayev Kanat , Shaimerdenova Madina , Bekniyazov Ildar , Ayupova Takhmina , Sypabekova Marzhan , Molardi Carlo , Tosi Daniele
Published: December 2018

A biosensor based on an etched Fiber Bragg Grating (EFBG) for thrombin detection is reported. The sensing system is based on a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) with a Bragg wavelength of 1550 nm, wet-etched in hydrofluoric acid (HF) for ~27 min, to achieve sensitivity to a refractive index (RI) of 17.4 nm/RIU (refractive index unit). Subsequently, in order to perform a selective detection of thrombin, the EFBG has been functionalized with silane-coupling agent 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and a cross-linker, glutaraldehyde, for the immobilization of thrombin-binding aptamer. The biosensor has been validated for thrombin detection in concentrations ranging from 10 nM to 80 nM. The proposed sensor presents advantages with respect to other sensor configurations, based on plasmonic resonant tilted FBG or Long Period Grating (LPG), for thrombin detection. Firstly, fabricating an EFBG only requires chemical etching. Moreover, the functionalization method used in this study (silanization) allows the avoidance of complicated and expensive fabrications, such as thin film sputtering or chemical vapor deposition. Due to their characteristics, EFBG sensors are easier to multiplex and can be used in vivo. This opens new possibilities for the detection of thrombin in clinical settings.
Aerial Coverage Analysis of Cellular Systems at LTE and mmWave Frequencies Using 3D City Models
Authors: Colpaert Achiel , Vinogradov Evgenii , Pollin Sofie
Published: December 2018

Cellular connectivity for UAV systems is interesting because it promises coverage in beyond visual line of sight scenarios. Inter-cell interference has been shown to be the main limiting factor at high altitudes. Using a realistic 3D simulator model, with real base station locations, this study confirms that UAVs at high altitudes suffer from significant interference, resulting in a worse coverage compared to ground users. When replacing the existing base stations by mmWave cells, our results indicate that ground coverage is decreased to only 90%, while UAVs just above rooftop level have a coverage probability of 100%. However, UAVs at higher altitude still suffer from excessive interference. Beamforming has the potential to improve mmWave link budget and to decrease interference and is for this reason a promising technology for ensuring connectivity to aerial users.
Metallic Iridium Thin-Films as Model Catalysts for the Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER)—Morphology and Activity
Authors: Özer Ebru , Pawolek Zarina , Kühl Stefanie , Nong Hong , Paul Benjamin , Selve Sören , Spöri Camillo , Bernitzky Cornelius , Strasser Peter
Published: December 2018

Iridium (Ir) oxide is known to be one of the best electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media. Ir oxide-based materials are thus of great scientific interest in current research on electrochemical energy conversion. In the present study, we applied Ir metal films as model systems for electrochemical water splitting, obtained by inductive heating in a custom-made setup using two different synthesis approaches. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) confirmed that all films were consistently metallic. The effects of reductive heating time of calcined and uncalcined Ir acetate films on OER activity were investigated using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) setup. The morphology of all films was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The films directly reduced from the acetate precursor exhibited a strong variability of their morphology and electrochemical properties depending on heating time. The additional oxidation step prior to reductive heating accelerates the final structure formation.
Robust Adaptive Full-Order TSM Control Based on Neural Network
Authors: Cao Qianlei , Cao Chongzhen , Wang Fengqin , Liu Dan , Sun Hui
Published: December 2018

Existing full-order terminal sliding mode (FOTSM) control methods often require a priori knowledge of the system model. To tackle this problem, two novel neural-network-based FOTSM control methods were proposed. The first one was model based but did not require knowledge of the uncertainties’ bounds. The second one was model free and did not require knowledge of the system model. Finite-time convergence of the two schemes was verified by theoretical analysis and simulation cases. Meanwhile, the designed methods avoided singularity as well as chattering.
A Survey of Licensed Massage Therapists’ Perceptions of Skin Cancer Prevention and Detection Activities
Authors: Loescher, PhD, RN Lois J. , Howerter, PhD Amy L. , Heslin, MPH Kelly M. , Azzolina, MPH Christina M. , Muramoto, MD, MPH Myra L.
Published: December 2018

Background: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the US. Training massage therapists (MTs) in skin cancer prevention and detection cre-ates opportunity for reducing skin cancer burden. Little is known about MTs’ perceptions of skin cancer prevention and detection, their discussions of these topics with clients, or their referral recom-mendations for suspicious skin lesions. Purpose: We surveyed MTs’ perceptions of their role in engaging in conversations about skin cancer prevention, viewing the skin for suspicious lesions, and referring clients with such lesions to health care providers.Setting, Participants, Research Design: We ad-ministered an online survey from 2015–2017 of licensed MTs practicing in the US and at least age 21 years (n = 102); quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed in 2017.Main Outcome Measures: The main variables assessed were MTs perceptions of (a) appropriate-ness for asking clients about skin cancer history, skin cancer prevention, suspicious lesion referral and follow-up; and (b) comfort with recognizing and discussing suspicious lesions, recommending a client see a doctor for suspicious lesion, and discussing skin cancer prevention.Results: Quantitative data revealed that most MTs were amenable to discussing skin cancer prevention during appointments; few were en-gaging in these conversations. MTs were more comfortable discussing suspicious lesions and recommending that a client see a doctor than they were sharing knowledge about skin cancer and sun safety. Categories based on qualitative content analysis were: sharing information for the client’s benefit, and concerns about remaining within scope of practice.Conclusions: MTs have boundaries for skin cancer risk-reduction content to include in a client discussion and remain in their scope of practice. These findings will help support a future educa-tional intervention for MTs to learn about and incorporate skin cancer risk-reduction messages and activities into their practice.
IMPROVING HYDROPHOBICITY OF NATURAL OIL SORBENTS BY MODIFICATION METHODS
Authors: ANUŽYTĖ Eglė , VAIŠIS Vaidotas
Published: December 2018

Among the existing techniques for the removal of oil from water, the use of sorbents is generally considered to be one of the most efficient. Hydrophobicity (oleophilicity) is one of the major determinants of sorbents’ properties influencing the effectiveness of oil sorption in the presence of water. In order to improve these properties, the surface of the sorbent is modified using chemical or physical treatment methods. The purpose of this study is to analyse sorbent modification methods in order to increase their hydrophobic-oleophilic characteristics for the clean-up of oil spills taking into account environmental aspects. In this research a natural organic sorbent – moss – was treated with hot water (80 °C and 100 °C), mercerized, coated with oil and oil in water emulsions with concentrations at 10% and 50%. The test of water sorption capacity was performed to compare the hydrophobic properties of modified sorbents. The results of this research demonstrate the potential of natural organic sorbents in oil spill abatement. Hot water and alkali treatments can alter the surface characteristics of plant fibers and improve absorption capacity. Sorbent coating with plant triglycerides in low concentrations of oil can be applied in order to use the modified sorbent in areas where oil is spilled into the water in small amounts due to increased water resistance and lower product absorption properties. Treating water in 80 °C can be chosen for economic purposes. Sorbents treated this way could be used to clean oil spillages not from the water surfaces, but from soil and other solid surfaces.
AKMENIŲ EROZINIO KLONIO SAPROPELIO GEOCHEMINĖS SUDĖTIES TYRIMAI
Authors: BIKELYTĖ Ligita , VALSKYS Vaidotas , IGNATAVIČIUS Gytautas , PILECKAS Marijus , GULBINAS Zenonas
Published: December 2018

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Akmenių erozinio klonio sapropelio geocheminė sudėtis ir užterštumas minerogeniniais ir sunkiaisiais metalais. Tyrimai atlikti rentgeno fluorescenciniu spektrometru Niton XL2. Analizuojami kokybiniai Šamuko, Antakmenių ir Drabužaičio ežerų parametrai: minerogeninių elementų (Rb, Zr, Sr) ir sunkiųjų metalų (As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb) koncentracijų pasiskirstymas paviršiniuose (0,0–0,6 m) ir giluminiuose (0,6–2,0 m) sluoksniuose. Pateikiami ir aptariami tyrimų duomenys, kurie lyginami su aplinkosauginiais normatyvais (foninėmis ir didžiausiomis leistinomis koncentracijomis (DLK)) bei rodikliais: suminiu užterštumu (Zd) ir praturtinimo faktoriumi (EF). Tyrimų rezultatai ir jų analizė leidžia nustatyti ežerų būklę, juose vykstančius procesus ir pokyčius per kelių šimtų metų laikotarpį.
POLIETILENINIŲ IR KALIOJO KETAUS VAMZDŽIŲ BŪVIO CIKLO ANALIZĖ
Authors: KIRSLYS Lukas , RIMEIKA Mindaugas
Published: December 2018

Vandentvarkos ūkyje inžineriniams tinklams naudojamos įvairios medžiagos, kurioms pagaminti, eksploatuoti bei utilizuoti būtinos energijos sąnaudos, o šių procesų metu į aplinką išsiskiria teršalai. Būvio ciklo analizė atlikta naudojantis kompiuteriniais modeliais, sudarytais SimaPro 7.3 programa ir remiantis ISO14040 rekomendacijomis. Nustatytas plačiausiai vandentiekyje naudojamų polietileninių (d110 mm) ir kaliojo ketaus (DN100) vandentiekio vamzdžių galimas poveikis aplinkai. Tyrimai atlikti taikant nustatytas sistemos ribas, į kurias buvo įtraukta žaliavų ir vamzdžių gamyba, palikimas grunte ir transportavimas tarp skirtingų būvio ciklų etapų, pasirinktas tirti funkcinis vienetas – 500 metrų vamzdžių ilgio. Gamybos ciklas įvertintas modeliuojant pagrindinius technologinius procesus: polietileno granulių ekstruziją ir geležies rūdos lydimą bei taikant reikiamus elektros energijos ir šilumos energijos kiekius. Po 50 metų eksploatacijos trukmės vamzdžiai paliekami grunte. Atlikus modeliavimą ir palyginus polietileninius ir kaliojo ketaus vamzdžius, nustatyta, kad vertinant bendrą poveikį aplinkai, didesnę neigiamą įtaką turi kaliojo ketaus vamzdžiai. Tyrime poveikis aplinkai vertinamas pagal 7 teršalų: stibio, sieros dioksido, fosfatų, anglies dioksido, trichlorofluorometano, eteno ir metano ekvivalentus.
THE IMPACT OF COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ON DECISION MAKING CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM: CASE OF KAUNAS CITY
Authors: Dumbliauskas Vytautas , Grigonis Vytautas , Barauskas Andrius
Published: December 2018

The formulation of scenarios for developing the urban transport infrastructure requires decisions mainly based on the intuition of experts in transport and highly influenced by public interest groups, business entities and political opinions. However, the reached decisions sometimes fail to be the most efficient. Therefore, to avoid errors and ensure the development of a sustainable transport system, the economical appraisal of infrastructure development scenarios is necessary. The economic evaluation of the developed scenarios can be carried out through macro-simulation and cost-benefit analysis. This paper deals with the Kaunas City Master Plan providing solutions to transport infrastructure development. According to the Master Plan, solutions can be classified considering 3 cathegories (priorities), although the detailed sequence of implementation is not given. With the help of macro-simulation, this study arranged Master Plan solutions into scenarios, checked all 20 scenarious and established an implementation order based on the theory of cost benefit analysis. The identified order substantially differs from the priorities set in the Master Plan.
UNDER WHICH CONDITIONS IS CARRIER COOPERATION POSSIBLE? A CASE STUDY IN A SEVILLE MARKETPLACE
Authors: Muñuzuri Jesús , Escudero-Santana Alejandro , Aparicio-Ruiz Pablo
Published: December 2018

The high volume of traffic originates two well-known problems in many cities: congestion and pollution. In recent years, a social phenomenon is emerging cooperation. This work is aimed at evaluating the circumstances under which transport cooperation is possible between different stakeholders operating in the same geographical area. To this end, a double survey process was conducted in a marketplace situated in the Seville City (Spain) centre. The first survey was designed to know the characteristics of the retailers and their preferences with respect to cooperation and regulations. A relational analysis between retailer features and their willingness to cooperate was carried out. After analysing the motivations for non-cooperation, a mixed proposal was designed and surveyed. Although the research was limited to a marketplace, the relevant data gathered from this double survey process highlights some implications: (a) the importance of personal relations in retailer cooperation; (b) a high volume of freight and the use of vans as on-street warehouses appear as significant motivations for non-cooperation; (c) forcing changes in the statu quo encourages cooperation.
EoS Dependence of the Relic Supernova Neutrino Spectrum
Authors: Hidaka J. , Kajino T. , Mathews G. J.
Published: December 2018

Understanding the mechanism of core-collapse supernova explosions requires knowledge of the nuclear equation of state (EoS). Recent multi-dimensional numerical simulations indicate that explosions are possible. Nevertheless, it is not yet fully understood which equation of state is realized in the proto-neutron star formed during SN explosions. We examine the EoS sensitivity of the relic supernova neutrino spectrum as a probe of the nuclear EoS. This sensitivity arises largely from the contribution to neutrino emission from failed supernovae. We consider a variety of astrophysical scenarios, which include different progenitor masses for a successful explosion, the cosmological star formation rate, starbursts, quiescent star formation, and the metallicity dependence of the initial mass function. We find that the EoS signature remains robust under a variety of conditions. We demonstrate the viability of future neutrino detectors to distinguish the nuclear EoS via the relic supernova neutrino spectrum.
L’architecture (durable) comme technologie de gouvernement : apports et détournements de la sociologie de l’action publique
Authors: Neuwels Julie
Published: December 2018

Cherchant à questionner l’« architecture durable » sous l’angle de sa portée critique, nous nous appuyons sur le courant dit cognitiviste de la sociologie de l’action publique, qui insiste sur les dimensions cognitives de la construction des problèmes publics. Dans ce pan de la sociologie, l’enjeu scientifique consiste en l’étude des évolutions des modalités de l’action justifiées au nom du durable. La ville et l’architecture constituent alors des terrains d’étude. A contrario , nos recherches entendent questionner les mutations de l’architecture justifiées au nom du développement durable par l’analyse de l’action publique. Cette inversion de l’angle de lecture implique une série de distanciations vis-à-vis de la sociologie de l’action publique, tout en orientant la manière dont la question architecturale est abordée. En particulier, la mise en exergue de ses dimensions politiques et cognitives nous amène à considérer l’architecture comme une technologie de gouvernement. Cet article vise à mettre à l’épreuve cette rencontre entre architecture et sociologie cognitiviste de l’action publique par l’analyse de l’appel à projets bâtiments exemplaires, elle-même abordée à travers les modalités de construction de l’intérêt général. Cette analyse met en évidence le fait que les bâtiments exemplaires constituent des instruments de régulation à part entière, au-delà de l’appel à projets à proprement parler. Elle illustre également l’influence de cette utilisation sur la signification du référentiel d’architecture durable, le faisant glisser d’un espace de mise en questionnement à un espace de mise en œuvre de solutions stabilisées.
La spécificité dysfonctionnelle du système dynastique séoudien
Authors: Rigoulet-Roze David
Published: December 2018

Depuis la création du royaume par Ibn Séoud en 1932, la question de la transmission du pouvoir est posée de façon toute particulière, mais avec des angles morts qui portent en germe une instabilité dynastique structurelle. Aujourd’hui, on assiste à la remise en cause transgressive des règles du jeu inhérentes au système successoral dynastique séoudien.
Fragilité régionale, capacité de l’État et guerre civile
Authors: Silve Arthur , Verdier Thierry
Published: December 2018

Il est fréquent de voir des guerres civiles éclater simultanément dans des pays voisins. Cela tient notamment à ce que ces pays présentent des caractéristiques communes, et aussi à ce qu’une guerre civile favorise l’apparition de conflits dans les pays voisins. La littérature empirique dissocie habituellement ces deux explications. Nous proposons un modèle de la contagion des guerres civiles qui illustre que certaines caractéristiques des pays sont affectées par le risque de contagion. En particulier, un gouvernement peut éviter la contagion en investissant dans la qualité de ses institutions. La complémentarité stratégique entre les institutions de pays voisins génère des regroupements de pays selon leur capacité étatique. Cela suggère que les effets de contagion ont pu jusque-là être sous-estimés par la littérature empirique.
Une revue critique de la théorie de l’agence commune appliquée aux jeux de lobbies
Authors: Martimort David
Published: December 2018

L’objet de cet article est de remettre en question la vision optimiste du jeu politique entre groupes de pression qui est offerte par la théorie de l’agence commune. Si l’on croit les leçons de cette théorie, le processus de concurrence entre groupes de pression conduit à des choix équilibrés ; une vision associée au mouvement du pluralistic politics dont l’étendard fut porté par Dahl [1963]. Si le paradigme de l’agence commune est renouvelé par la prise en considération des problèmes informationnels à l’intérieur des groupes d’intérêt ou entre ces derniers et le décideur politique, les inefficacités organisationnelles auxquelles font face les groupes diffusent dans tout le processus politique qui, lui aussi, finit par être inefficace. Cet article décrit le type de coûts de transaction qui pèsent alors sur ce processus.
Les musulmans à Rio de Janeiro : identités et institutions
Authors: Chagas Gisele Fonseca
Published: December 2018

Au cours des dernières années, les dynamiques de production et de mobilisations des identités et modes d’appartenance à l’islam au Brésil ont connu d’importantes transformations. L’augmentation du nombre de conversions de Brésiliens a contribué à ce processus dans la mesure où elles ont suscité des questions à propos de l’islam, de ses formes et espaces d’expérience dans un contexte où les musulmans sont minoritaires. L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer ces dynamiques grâce à l’analyse de l’élaboration et de la circulation de représentations de l’islam qui sont produites et rendues visibles par les musulmans et leurs institutions, sunnite et chiite, à Rio de Janeiro. Les données présentées ont été collectées lors des différentes périodes d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée entre 2005 et 2017.
De Giotto aux indigènes civilisés : le primitif dans les horizons modernistes entre Italie, France et Brésil
Authors: Marinho Fernanda , Squeff Letícia
Published: December 2018

L’article explore trois études de cas : premièrement, nous aborderons le concept de primitif dans l’historiographie italienne au sujet de la Renaissance. Ensuite, nous discuterons la notion d’art « sauvage » dans le surréalisme français. Enfin, nous mettrons en lumière la figure du cannibale et la représentation des indigènes dans le modernisme brésilien. Les cas seront traités comme des « perspectives vertigineuses », caractérisées par une méthodologie déconstructive qui défie les fonctions de l’Histoire dans la compréhension de l’identité culturelle.
Fluxes of particulate matter, carbonates, organic carbon and nitrogen in the northern Adriatic continental shelf: A synthesis overview
Authors: Giani Michele , Miquel Juan Carlos , De Lazzari Amelia , Boldrin Alfredo
Published: December 2018

Time series of composition and fluxes of settling particles in the marine environment, obtained by sediment traps, contribute to define the main processes driving the dynamics of particulate matter and of the time/space variability of benthic-pelagic exchanges. With this aim, the composition and seasonal and annual fluxes of settling matter, obtained from different projects and from published papers, at 8 sites of the Northern Adriatic shelf were estimated.  The mean yearly particulate fluxes varied from 2763 to 14,447 g m-2 y-1, from 66 to 236 gC m-2y-1 for organic carbon (OC) flux, from 861 to 7525 g m-2y-1 for carbonates and from 12 to 42 gN m-2y-1 for nitrogen (N). The fluxes were characterized by high seasonal variations with marked increase in autumn or in winter with respect to spring or summer. The sink of particles occurs in relatively short episodes as about 50% of annual particle flux settles in less than 1-2 months in the western coastal area. This seasonality can be related to the riverine discharges, primary production and wind regimes of the basin. Utilizing the N/OC ratio as an index for discriminating the different origin of organic matter (i.e., resuspended/riverine and autochthonous), the primary marine carbon flux was estimated to range from 10 to 28% of the OC fluxes and accounted for 8-40% of the primary production, depending on the site. Then, due to the shallow waters of the basin and to the relevant riverine inputs, the total fluxes near the sea bottom were highly dependent on resuspension and advective transport processes. The important contribution of these last processes as source of organic matter is suggested also by the comparison between fluxes determined by sediment traps with mass accumulation rates (MAR) in sediments, derived from radionuclide measurements. Indeed, the fraction of OC fluxes which is not buried in the sediment is sufficient to support the benthic respiration processes.
Using an Audience Response System to Prepare Athletic Training Students for the Board of Certification Exam
Authors: Potteiger Kelly , Lundgren Andrew
Published: December 2018

Objective: To describe a pedagogical method using an Audience Response System (ARS), commonly referred to as “clickers,” for use in preparing athletic training students (ATSs) for the Board of Certification (BOC) exam.

Background: The BOC is the only certifying agency for athletic trainers in the United States. ATSs may become a certified athletic trainer (AT) upon graduating from a Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) accredited Athletic Training Education Program (ATEP) and successfully passing the BOC exam. In 2012, CAATE standards were revised to require programs to publish their graduates' recent exam scores on their website (in aggregate form).

Description: Preparation for the BOC exam can be a monumental and stress-inducing task for the ATS due to the plethora of information to review. Most ATEPs include test preparation assistance within the curriculum. To date, a review of the literature revealed no published documentation of successful test preparation strategies.

Clinical Advantages: The data collected from use of the ARS during BOC exam preparation can be a valuable tool in identifying domain areas in which an ATS may be deficient. In doing so, an ATS may redirect study time to focus on weaker concepts. Additionally this data, when trended, can provide invaluable programmatic information when used as part of a larger assessment plan. As part of the revised CAATE standards, programs are also required to meet or exceed a score of 70% for the first-time pass rate. As a result, there may be a heightened need for test preparation strategies.

Conclusion: Athletic training educators seeking a pedagogical method for BOC exam preparation may benefit from the implementation of an ARS to increase ATS motivation and accountability. As an additional benefit, programmatic educational assessment data may also be collected.
La Médecine Numérique : nouvelle spécialité… nouvelle médecine !
Authors: Richard Christophe
Published: December 2018

A l’heure où des intelligences artificielles sont presque en mesure de réaliser des diagnostics, la Médecine n’a pas complètement pris conscience de sa profonde méconnaissance du Numérique. Mais lorsque ces mêmes intelligences artificielles proposeront des options thérapeutiques innovantes non conçues par des médecins (ni même des humains), peut-être hors de leur compréhension : qui sera alors au contrôle ? Si l’avenir de la médecine dépend du numérique, comment le médecin peut-il s’y préparer ? L’article propose une approche visant à enrichir le champ de la médecine d’une spécialisation numérique.
Conquête du Pôle Sud et premières interventions chirurgicales héroïques
Authors: E. Gentili Marc , Scholtes Jean-Louis
Published: December 2018

L’Antarctique est un continent terrible à l’échelle humaine : froid, sec et venteux qui fut exploré tardivement à la fin du XIX e et au début du XX e siècle. Certaines expéditions sont entrées dans la légende : celles de Scott, d’Amundsen le vainqueur du Pôle, de Shackleton ou de Jean-Baptiste Charcot. Des médecins prirent part à ces expéditions et eurent à opérer dans des conditions difficiles avec des moyens limités. On peut répertorier un certain nombre de gestes : drainage de collection abdominale, d’abcès prostatique, extraction dentaire, énucléation post-traumatique, chirurgie de la main et amputation d’orteil. Le défaut de luminosité, la nécessité de maintenir une température permettant la vaporisation des anesthésiques ou l’utilisation d’instruments dérivés sont les principales difficultés rapportés par les praticiens concernés.
APROVEITAMENTO DE ÁGUA CINZA PARA USO NÃO POTÁVEL EM RESIDÊNCIAS
Authors: Da Silva Boitrago Renata , Silva Rodrigues Neres Larissa , Pinheiro Magalhães Carvalho Rogério
Published: December 2018

A água é indispensável para a manutenção da vida no planeta, pois ela é parte constituinte de todos os seres vivos. No entanto, o volume de água potável disponível para consumo tem se tornado cada vez mais escasso. A reutilização de águas cinza tratadas em residências pode constituir-se em uma alternativa para garantir a sustentabilidade ambiental, de modo a reduzir a demanda por esse bem. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral estudar um sistema experimental de reuso de águas cinza proveniente de uma máquina de lavar roupas e de um tanque, com o intuito de avaliar a qualidade da água submetida a um tratamento cujo leito filtrante foi composto por seixos, areia, carvão ativado e manta sintética, sendo realizada uma desinfecção com pastilhas de cloro, aplicando técnicas de coleta e tratamento para o uso não potável e a sua possibilidade de reuso em tempos de economia do insumo ou escassez. A primeira etapa do projeto destinou-se a implantação do sistema de tratamento. A segunda etapa consistiu nos testes para comprovar a eficiência do filtro com as diferentes camadas filtrantes. Definiu-se como variáveis de controle para avaliar a qualidade da água produzida na residência os seguintes parâmetros: Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio – DBO, cor verdadeira, turbidez, pH, cloro residual livre e a presença de coliformes totais e termotolerantes. Os resultados obtidos na primeira carreira de filtração, que era composta apenas por seixos de duas granulometrias, resultaram em uma coloração acentuada, contudo o resultado laboratorial não indicou a presença de organismos indicadores de patogenicidade. Na tentativa de melhorar a qualidade visual do efluente, adicionou-se uma camada de areia, com 5 cm de espessura, durante a realização da segunda carreira de filtração, e foi constatado que houve uma melhora não só do aspecto visual da água, mas também do parâmetro turbidez, havendo uma redução desse parâmetro da ordem de 17%. O último material filtrante adicionado, na terceira carreira de filtração, foi o carvão ativado, cuja espessura foi de 4 cm. Com o uso do carvão ativado, foi possível observar também que houve uma redução do odor da água, o que é perfeitamente plausível, haja vista que a literatura técnica relata que o carvão tem essa capacidade. Em geral, os resultados encontrados demonstraram que os valores de pH, cloro residual livre e coliformes estão de acordo com as diretrizes estabelecidas pela Resolução CONAMA º 357/2005 e pela Agência Americana (EPA) para águas de reuso. Para os demais parâmetros (DBO, cor e turbidez), os resultados indicaram que o tratamento proposto necessita de aperfeiçoamento, pois o efluente produzido foi enquadrado com uso restrito
BRASÍLIA SITUACIONISTA. EXPLORANDO UM REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO PARA O MAPEAMENTO CRÍTICO DO GÊNERO
Authors: Laura Botelho Rodrigues Ana , Kehl do Nascimento Marcella , Emília Bastos Stenzel Maria
Published: December 2018

A pesquisa Brasília Situacionista propõe o mapeamento da apropriação por gênero dosespaços do Plano Piloto, com foco na evolução histórica dessa apropriação e na análise desuas características. O método é cruzar as estratégias de mapeamento inauguradas por GuyDebord, no quadro da Internacional Situacionista, com as perspectivas teóricas feministasdesenvolvidas na Arquitetura, em especial na perspectiva de Diana Agrest, Paola Berenstein,Beatriz Colomina, Joan Scott, Judith Butler e Rebecca Solnit. Desta forma, se revela atravésdas camadas cartográficas que são desenvolvidas a partir do estudo dos mapas afetivos daspessoas que vivem Brasília no dia a dia. Esta diagramação urbana é fundamentada na Teoriada Deriva, no feminismo pós-estruturalista e na psicogeografia. A essência do urbanismomodernista de Brasília estimula vivências singulares deste espaço, principalmente quandoadentra ao tema gênero. Percebe-se que desde o momento do planejamento urbano e daconstrução da nova capital, o corpo e o símbolo do feminino foram excluídos e em seguidareprimidos, refletindo nos vazios cheios de monumentalidade. Ao propor a reconstrução daidentidade e dos modos de representação da mulher, focos característicos desses estudos, noâmbito do espaço de Brasília, a pesquisa possibilita a ampliação dessa perspectiva no campodos estudos históricos e teóricos dos espaços públicos da Capital. Os resultados apresentadosmostram a relação entre as percepções dos entrevistados com os seus trajetos por Brasília.Por último, busca contribuir para a formulação de uma compreensão inclusiva e abrangentedos espaços habitacionais de nossa cidade, fornecendo elementos que possam (re) orientaras práticas urbanísticas vigentes
OS LÍDERES DE OPINIÃO E OS NOVOS FLUXOS DE INFORMAÇÃO NAS REDES SOCIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE AS FAKE NEWS NO FACEBOOK NO CONTEXTO DA PÓS-VERDADE
Authors: Dos Santos Pereira Yoneila , Tokarski Boaventura Katrine
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a ação do líder de opinião na nova ambiência mediática e caracterizar o seu papel dentro das redes sociais, mais especificamente do Facebook, enquanto parte dos processos que envolvem diretamente a disseminação de notícias falsas ou fake news e o reforço daquilo que se convencionou chamar de pós-verdade. Uma revisão bibliográfica foi feita acerca dos temas, partindo da primeira noção de liderança de opinião descrita por Lazarsfeld-Berelson-Gaudet, ainda nos estudos originais de 1944, e chegando a uma atualização deste conceito ajustado aos novos fluxos comunicacionais do ciberespaço. Também foram levantados textos que se dedicassem a tentar definir fake news e pós-verdade e suas existências enquanto fenômenos do meio virtual (não excluindo a possibilidade de sua ocorrência também fora desse contexto). Por fim, a partir dos conceitos encontrados, se buscou formular uma noção do que seriam pós-verdade e fake news; quais características específicas teriam os líderes de opinião da rede social Facebook; e como estes estariam ligados à propagação de notícias falsas na internet
EXTRATOS VEGETAIS COM CAPACIDADE DE INIBIÇÃO DE BIOFILME MICROBIANO
Authors: Lauria do Nascimento Nathalia , Silva Lopes Paula , Roberto Martins Queiroz Paulo
Published: December 2018

Os biofilmes bacterianos são comunidades estruturadas de células microbianas aderidas umas às outras ou a superfícies imóveis ou móveis e estima-se que 65% das infecções bacterianas estão associadas a microrganismos formadores de biofilme. Devido ao aumento do número de microrganismos resistentes a antimicrobianos, novas alternativas de tratamento vêm sendo estudadas, sendo a inibição do Quorum Sensing uma estratégia promissora. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos vegetais capazes de inibir a comunicação e a formação de biofilmes microbianos. Foram utilizados óleos essenciais à base de cravo da índia (Eugenia caryophyllus), lavanda (Lavandula angustifolia), hortelã-pimenta (Mentha piperita), citronela (Cymbopogon nardus), laranja doce (Citrus aurantium dulcis), limão (Citrus limonum), eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus), canela (Cinnamomum cassia), pimenta-rosa (Schinus terbinthifolius) e gengibre (Zingiber officinale). Os microrganismos testados foram Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus e Bacillus thuringiensis. Os experimentos foram feitos em placas de ELISA e por Well Difusion utilizando os extratos nas concentrações de 5%, 10%, 20% e 40%. Os ensaios foram mantidos a 37 °C por 24 h e analisados por espectrofotometria e medição de halo, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que baixas concentrações de alguns extratos foram efetivas em inibir bactérias as Gram positivas e negativas utilizadas nesse estudo dentro de 24 h de ensaio. Além disso, algumas bactérias foram mais inibidas (E. coli e S. aureus) do que outras indicando que os extratos exercem efeitos diferentes entre as bactérias testadas. Os resultados sugerem que os componentes presentes nos extratos vegetais podem exercem um efeito importante na formação dos biofilmes indicando uma possibilidade de uso alternativo e complementar desses compostos no controle microbiano
ÍONS MARCADORES DE RÁPIDA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE DIAGNÓSTICO MOLECULAR EM PLASMA DE PACIENTES COM ZIKA E CHIKUNGUNYA VÍRUS
Authors: Tavares Borba De Souza Thiago , Azeredo De Castro Felipe , Maria Araújo Martins Aline
Published: December 2018

As doenças infecciosas são um grande problema de saúde pública no mundo atualmente, em especial as transmitidas por meio de vetores. O Aedes aegypti é um mosquito capaz de transmitir algumas doenças virais, entre elas a Zika e a Chikungunya, que têm se tornado cada vez mais prevalente, sendo importante alvo de políticas públicas. A confirmação diagnóstica clínica dessas duas doenças é insidiosa, entretanto ambas necessitam de um tratamento precoce para redução de danos subsequentes, principalmente na fase aguda. A espectrometria de massas é uma técnica analítica capaz de fornecer um diagnóstico seguro e rápido ao identificar características moleculares semelhantes em pacientes infectados, que podem ser relacionadas a caracteres específicos da interação com o hospedeiro. Há moléculas presentes nos vírus bem como outras produzidas no momento da invasão ao organismo que podem ser utilizadas para identificar padrões específicos de cada uma das infecções e confirmar o diagnóstico no momento da atividade viral da doença. Deve-se, para isso, identificar moléculas diferenciais em cada uma das doenças virais e utilizá-las para a resposta diagnóstica precoce. O presente trabalho demonstra que, nas infecções pelos vírus Zika e Chikungunya, existem íons marcadores específicos que apresentam diferentes espectros e podem ser utilizados para definição de rápido diagnóstico. Foram usadas quinze amostras de pacientes infectados com Zika, outros quinze com Chikungunya e quinze pacientes hígidos como grupo controle. Para uma melhor eficácia da análise estatística, foram realizados testes para determinar melhores condições para execução dos experimentos da pesquisa avaliando métodos de extração, matriz, concentração de amostra e potência do feixe de laser utilizado. O trabalho pode determinar que na amostra de sangue de pacientes distintos infectados por Zika vírus houve reprodutibilidade no método para o íon marcador 650 m/z do espectro, além de importantes relações de proporcionalidade entre outros íons. Da mesma forma, pacientes infectados com Chikungunya vírus apresentaram reprodutibilidade do íon marcador 633 m/z da mesma relação. Além desses, foram observadas as porções polares e os peptídeos com bons resultados de íons marcadores nas bandas 567 e 672 o m/z para a Chikungunya. Foram analisados pacientes coinfectados para observação de reprodutibilidade de fingerprint por esta técnica. Conclui-se, portanto, que há uma especificidade apresentada por esses íons referentes a diferentes moléculas que possibilitam identificar de maneira rápida o fingerprint metabólico destas doenças. Essa utilização de biomarcadores para rápido diagnóstico molecular de arboviroses representa uma das melhores alternativas para o futuro de seu diagnóstico
Deleuze, Concepts, and Ideas about Film as Philosophy: A Critical and Speculative Re-Examination
Authors: Nilsson Jakob
Published: December 2018

This article explores the idea of film as a possible means for articulating original philosophical concepts, in Gilles Deleuze’s sense of concepts. The first of two parts, critically re-examines current ideas about film as philosophy in relation to Deleuze’s ideas on philosophy and cinema/art. It is common within the field of film-philosophy to trace back its central argument that film/cinema is capable of expressing original philosophy, to Deleuze’s cinema books. In and around these books, however, Deleuze did not express such an idea and rather underlined sharp formal differences between cinematic thinking and philosophy (however much he also described and implied proximities and similarities). Cinematic thinking takes the form, he argues, of blocks of movement/duration whereas philosophy is defined as the art of creating concepts. Still, could a close critical scrutiny of and some creativity with Deleuze’s thought allow for taking a step he did not take? The second part of the article takes on the speculative question of whether it is possible to create a notion from within Deleuze’s thought as a whole, that allows for at least the theoretical possibility of articulating original philosophical concepts – as Deleuze defines them (as a particular kind of multiplicity) – in and through film, and what this would mean for our understanding of the concrete form of concepts. The article examines Deleuze’s concept of concepts (how he defines their internal logic and by which formal means he implies that they can be articulated), his descriptions of complicating intersections between philosophy and art, some partly conflicting statements on Godard over the years, aspects of his analyses of filmic thinking in Cinema 2 that can be seen to provide preliminary components for articulating concepts in and through film, and it discusses the place and function of words and texts in such filmic articulations. If the aim of the first part is to clarify Deleuze’s positions on film and philosophy (often muddled in current film-philosophical writings) the aim of the second part resonates with the Deleuzian/Nietzschean quest for formal renewal of philosophy. The overall aim is to re-problematize and provide subtle new means for conceiving of and discussing the notion of film as philosophy.