bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Exercise, and Older Adults' Quality of Life
Authors: Kraenzle Schneider Joanne , Cook James H. , Luke Douglas A.
Published: February 2008

This study examined health-related quality of life (HRQL) at baseline and 6, 9, and 12 months after initiating exercise training in three groups of older adults. The conditions were cognitive-behavioral therapy, attention-control health promotion education, and a control group. Participants ( N = 332) were mainly women ( n = 252, 75.9%) with a mean age of 71.8 ( SD = 5.1) years. Therapy participants were trained to modify their negative interpretations of exercise. Participants in the education group received information unrelated to exercise. After controlling for exercise behavior over time, the therapy group reported lower general health, more role limitations because of emotional problems, and somewhat less vitality than the control group did. The education group also reported lower general health and vitality than the control group did. Social interaction and discussion may heighten participants' awareness of these health aspects and influence their appraisal of HRQL. Findings demonstrate the complexities of HRQL and the challenge in developing effective methods for helping older adults adopt and maintain an active lifestyle.
The Power of Visual Material: Persuasion, Emotion and Identification
Authors: Joffe Hélène
Published: February 2008

This paper integrates literature from the social sciences and humanities concerning the persuasive impact of visual material, highlighting issues of emotion and identification. Visuals are used not only to illustrate news and feature genres but also in advertising and campaigns that attempt to persuade their target audiences to change attitudes and behaviours. These include health, safety and charity campaigns, that attempt to socially engineer change in people's beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. With the increasing presence of such visuals comes a more emotive media environment with which people are forced to engage, and, under certain circumstances, disengage.
Violence or Persuasion? Denial of Recognition and Opportunities for Action in Contemporary Societies
Authors: Sánchez-Mazas Margarita
Published: February 2008

Reference to human rights, not as abstract consensus but as shared object, issue for action and principle of innovation, is ignored in Huntington's theory of the clash of civilizations. The psychosocial processes of relegation to alterity are a form of exclusion which, beyond discrimination and contempt, deny the possibility of a common world. They prevent actors from experiencing their diversity of positioning as a rational diversity and prevent societies from democratically inhabiting the divisions that run through them. The author argues, relying on authors like Etzioni, Moscovici and Crespi, that recognition of minorities’ influence will be the best bulwark against the divisions that undermine contemporary societies’ democratic purpose when they are eliminated or radicalized. She analyses the relations between connected phenomena such as persuasion and the common world, the struggle for recognition in the legal sphere, and the denial of esteem.
Raguel as Interpreter of Moses' Throne Vision: The Transcendent Identity of Raguel in the Exagoge of Ezekiel the Tragedian
Authors: Ruffatto Kristine J.
Published: February 2008

Ezekiel the Tragedian's second-century BCE drama about the Exodus contains one of the earliest examples of a merkavah vision. The Exagoge exalts Moses, likely in polemic with Enochic traditions. Moses not only has a vision of God's heavenly throne: he is instructed by God to sit on the throne and is given God's scepter and crown. Moses then sees the whole universe, and angels (`stars') pass in military formation before him. Moses' dream is later interpreted in the text by Raguel. The exalted and divinized Moses is the hero of the drama, yet it is Raguel who discerns the meaning of Moses' throne vision. This article argues that Raguel's supernatural interpretive ability, as well as the name, titles, and characteristics attributed to him in the drama, suggest a transcendent identity. Raguel may, in fact, be an angel, a parallel to the angelic figures in other apocalyptic works who accompany the exalted patriarchs in their ascent and interpret their visions.
The Letter of Aristeas and the Authority of the Septuagint*
Authors: De Crom Dries
Published: February 2008

The `ideological' features of the Letter of Aristeas have attracted the attention of scholars in the past, and have gained renewed importance in some recent studies. The present study focuses on a specific `ideological' feature, namely, the question of authority. Starting from the latest insights into the literary structure of the Letter of Aristeas , this study identifies two major focal points in the ancient work and briefly reviews the major characters involved in the translation of the Law into Greek. This analysis leads to the identification of two structures of authority, one text-centred, the other community-centred. These are both justified by the central quality of eusebeia that is shown to be operative in the text on two different levels, as put forth in the rhetorical theory of ethos (self-representation).
Postcard from the Edge (of Empire)
Authors: Adjin-Tettey Elizabeth , Calder Gillian , Cameron Angela , Deckha Maneesha , Johnson Rebecca , Lessard Hester , Maloney Maureen , Young Margot
Published: February 2008

This article in scrapbook form represents the endeavour of the eight authors to document a recent, collective, academic journey. The project was one embarked upon as a means to explore tensions between the ideas of embodiment that connected our work, and the rigidities of academic convention. Using various media, this article strives, in substance and form, to provoke, challenge and confront its audience into dialogue, while simultaneously asking questions about the limits of our own legal imaginations.
The Sovereign Exceptions: Colonization and the Foundation of Society
Authors: Muldoon Paul
Published: February 2008

This article seeks to both re-examine the legal and political basis for the denial of Aboriginal `sovereignty' in Australia and to question the universality of the discourse of sovereignty itself. Drawing on Foucault's recently translated lectures from the Collège de France, Society Must Be Defended, it endeavours to show how the discourse of territorial sovereignty was mobilized in the colonial context (as a myth of foundation) to shore up the position of the British Crown and extinguish alternative conceptions of politics and justice. The article argues that the institutionalization of British sovereignty in Australia does not represent the beginning of the reign of law (more or less just), but a partisan victory — the victory of a modern western conception of politics over a pre-existing system of Indigenous self-governance. On the basis of this analysis, it suggests that the problem that arises in the colonial context is not simply that the sovereign assumes an exceptional position in relation to the law. It is also (and possibly more importantly) that government becomes equated with sovereignty in a way that automatically discounts forms of politics not based on the principle of territoriality.
Democracy Captured By Its Imaginary: the Transition as Memory and Discourses of Constitutionalism in Spain
Authors: Druliolle Vincent
Published: February 2008

This article critically discusses the permanent celebration and `omnipresence' of the memory of the transition to democracy in Spain, or its power as a referent which makes sense of the present, helps to overcome periods of crisis, and legitimizes policies. It argues that its institution and power as well as the issue of memory and commemorations need to be rethought. Drawing on Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory, they are reconceptualized as `re-membering' and the transition is accounted for as an `imaginary'. Its power is also illustrated by the fact that the projects which directly challenge it as the sole legitimate framework for the construction of democracy are criticized for threatening democracy itself. Two such projects are on the one hand the initiatives for the `recovery' of the memories of the Civil War and Franco's dictatorship, and on the other the claim for increased regional autonomy. They are called `second transitions'. The article claims that the heated debates over them highlight the complex intertwining of legal, political and ethical dimensions in democratic society's constitution. It then discusses the very possibility of renegotiating the terms of the democratic political association, the issue which the second transitions reopen.
Nurses' Conceptions of Decision Making Concerning Life-Sustaining Treatment
Authors: Silén Marit , Svantesson Mia , Ahlström Gerd
Published: February 2008

The aim of this study was to describe nurses' conceptions of decision making with regard to life-sustaining treatment for dialysis patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 nurses caring for such patients at three hospitals. The interview material was subjected to qualitative content analysis. The nurses saw decision making as being characterized by uncertainty and by lack of communication and collaboration among all concerned. They described different ways of handling decision making, as well as insufficiency of physician—nurse collaboration, lack of confidence in physicians, hindrances to patient participation, and ambivalence about the role of patients' next of kin. Future research should test models for facilitating communication and decision making so that decisions will emerge from collaboration of all concerned. Nurses' role in decision making also needs to be discussed.
Nurses' Advocacy Behaviors in End-of-Life Nursing Care
Authors: Thacker Karen S
Published: February 2008

Nursing professionals are in key positions to support end-of-life decisions and to advocate for patients and families across all health care settings. Advocacy has been identified as the common thread of quality end-of-life nursing care. The purpose of this comparative descriptive study was to reveal acute care nurses' perceptions of advocacy behaviors in end-of-life nursing practice. The 317 participating nurses reported frequent contact with dying patients despite modest exposure to end-of-life education. This study did not confirm an overall difference in advocacy behaviors among novice, experienced and expert nurses; however, it offered insight into the supports and barriers nurses at different skill levels experienced in their practice of advocacy.
Dutch Nurses' Attitudes Towards Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide
Authors: van Bruchem-van de Scheur Ada , van der Arend Arie , van Wijmen Frans , Abu-Saad Huda Huijer , ter Meulen Ruud
Published: February 2008

This article presents the attitudes of nurses towards three issues concerning their role in euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 1509 nurses who were employed in hospitals, home care organizations and nursing homes. The study was conducted in the Netherlands between January 2001 and August 2004. The results show that less than half (45%) of nurses would be willing to serve on committees reviewing cases of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. More than half of the nurses (58.2%) found it too far-reaching to oblige physicians to consult a nurse in the decision-making process. The majority of the nurses stated that preparing euthanatics (62.9%) and inserting an infusion needle to administer the euthanatics (54.1%) should not be accepted as nursing tasks. The findings are discussed in the context of common practices and policies in the Netherlands, and a recommendation is made not to include these three issues in new regulations on the role of nurses in euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide.
A Relational Ethical Dialogue With Research Ethics Committees
Authors: Larkin Philip J , de Casterlé Bernadette Dierckx , Schotsmans Paul
Published: February 2008

The aim of this article is to take relational ethics concepts and apply them to the context of application to research ethics committees for approval to carry out research. The process of a multinational qualitative research application is described. The article suggests that a relational ethics approach can address two issues: how qualitative proposals are interpreted by research ethics committees and how this safeguards potentially vulnerable respondents. In relational terms, the governance of a research project may be enhanced by shared ownership and willingness to engage in mutual dialogue. This challenges both researchers and research ethics committees to reframe their understanding of roles and functions in the assessment of research protocols, particularly those of a qualitative nature and those that address end-of-life issues.
Moral Distress Reconsidered
Authors: McCarthy Joan , Deady Rick
Published: February 2008

Moral distress has received much attention in the international nursing literature in recent years. In this article, we describe the evolution of the concept of moral distress among nursing theorists from its initial delineation by the philosopher Jameton to its subsequent deployment as an umbrella concept describing the impact of moral constraints on health professionals and the patients for whom they care. The article raises worries about the way in which the concept of moral distress has been portrayed in some nursing research and expresses concern about the fact that research, so far, has been largely confined to determining the prevalence of experiences of moral distress among nurses. We conclude by proposing a reconsideration, possible reconstruction and multidisciplinary approach to understanding the experiences of all health professionals who have to make difficult moral judgements and decisions in complex situations.
Skeletal Complications After Bone Marrow Transplant in Childhood
Authors: Ruble Kathy
Published: February 2008

Childhood cancer survivors are a growing population with special medical needs. It is projected that 66% of these survivors will have at least 1 adverse health effect and 33% will have a severe, chronic, or lethal health disorder. The Institute of Medicine (2003) has recognized the skeletal system to be at risk for long-term complications from treatment for childhood cancer. Bone marrow transplant is frequently used to treat childhood malignancies and is known to cause skeletal complications. Complex mechanisms contribute to skeletal outcomes after bone marrow transplant, all of which can affect optimal physical functioning. Nurses have taken an important role in providing clinical care and conducting research for this population. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms involved in skeletal complications can help the nurse provide state-of-the-art care and design studies to promote optimal results for bone marrow transplant survivors. This article reviews the literature on skeletal complications associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplant and identifies incidence, etiology, symptoms, monitoring, and treatment of specific complications.
Determining the Understandability and Acceptability of an Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire
Authors: Tomlinson Deborah , Isitt John J. , Barron Richard L. , Doyle John , Judd Peter , Gassas Adam , Naqvi Ahmed , Sung Lillian
Published: February 2008

Oral mucositis research in children receiving anticancer therapy has been impeded by the lack of an acceptable, appropriate assessment scale. Some scales attempt to measure subjective symptoms associated with mucositis such as pain and difficulty swallowing. These types of patient-reported outcomes are gaining prominence in clinical trials because they capture the perspective of the patients in whom the intervention is designed to benefit. In mucositis research, very few patient-reported outcome measures have been developed. The aim of this study was to determine whether an adaptation of the adult-validated Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire is understandable and acceptable for use in the pediatric oncology/hematology population. Twelve subjects were asked to rate their opinion of understandability and acceptability of the adapted Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire. As a result of their comments, minor changes were made. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of this instrument can now be performed.
Discussions Regarding Sperm Banking With Adolescent and Young Adult Males Who Have Cancer
Authors: Nagel Kim , Neal Michael
Published: February 2008

With improved survival rates among cancer patients, attention to fertility preservation is of paramount importance. An open-ended survey was used to question oncology and reproductive health nurses regarding their interactions with male adolescents and young adults with cancer about sperm banking. Four main areas of interest were identified: (a) key staff need to be identified to initiate discussions about sperm banking, (b) most staff felt unprepared for these discussions, (c) staff education was needed, and (d) provision of educational materials would benefit both staff and patients. The use of sperm banking, as part of the treatment protocol for adolescent and young adult males with cancer, requires the expertise and cooperation of a multidisciplinary team of experts from both oncology and fertility. Because nurses are the primary contacts with patients, nurses' role in promoting the discussion around sperm banking is crucial.
The Adolescent Perspective on Participation in Treatment Decision Making: A Pilot Study
Authors: Stegenga Kristin , Ward-Smith Peggy
Published: February 2008

Few research studies have obtained data directly from the adolescent with cancer regarding decision making. The developmental stage of these patients focuses on developing independence, yet the health care decisions required for cancer treatment preclude independent decision making. The purpose of this pilot, or exploratory, study was to determine whether the research question is appropriate and whether participants between 13 and 15 years of age were capable of providing rigorous data. The results suggest that treatment decision making was not a concern for these patients and that they were capable and appropriate study participants. Semistructured interviews were performed with 3 adolescents diagnosed with cancer within the previous 3 to 6 months. These data were qualitatively analyzed using Colaizzi's technique, which identified themes perceived as critical by these participants. Independent behavior, such as decision making, is not relevant at this health care juncture. However, support, information, and education are desired. These should be routinely available using means appropriate for adolescents. Infusing information and education into the health care plan from time of diagnosis may allow the adolescent to become knowledgeable about the disease process. This may enable him or her to participate in health care treatment decisions, when appropriate.
Fibromyalgia: A Disorder of the Brain?
Authors: Schweinhardt Petra , Sauro Khara M. , Bushnell M. Catherine
Published: February 2008

This article presents evidence that fibromyalgia patients have alterations in CNS anatomy, physiology, and chemistry that potentially contribute to the symptoms experienced by these patients. There is substantial psychophysical evidence that fibromyalgia patients perceive pain and other noxious stimuli differently than healthy individuals and that normal pain modulatory systems, such as diffuse noxious inhibitory control mechanisms, are compromised in fibromyalgia. Furthermore, functional brain imaging studies revealing enhanced pain-related activations corroborate the patients' reports of increased pain. Neurotransmitter studies show that fibromyalgia patients have abnormalities in dopaminergic, opioidergic, and serotoninergic systems. Finally, studies of brain anatomy show structural differences between the brains of fibromyalgia patients and healthy individuals. The cerebral alterations offer a compelling explanation for the multiple symptoms of fibromyalgia, including widespread pain and affective disturbances. The frequent comorbidity of fibromyalgia with stress-related disorders, such as chronic fatigue, posttraumatic stress disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, and depression, as well as the similarity of many CNS abnormalities, suggests at least a partial common substrate for these disorders. Despite the numerous cerebral alterations, fibromyalgia might not be a primary disorder of the brain but may be a consequence of early life stress or prolonged or severe stress, affecting brain modulatory circuitry of pain and emotions in genetically susceptible individuals. NEUROSCIENTIST 14(5):415—421, 2008. DOI: 10.1177/1073858407312521
Getting connected: the social dynamics of urban telecommunications access and use in Khayelitsha, Cape Town
Authors: Skuse Andrew , Cousins Thomas
Published: February 2008

This article examines urban telecommunications access and use by poor households in the township of Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa. Analysis draws upon a broad range of quantitative and qualitative data and in doing so seeks to reveal the complexities of how this access and use underpins a wide range of social and economic processes critical to processes of social development. By way of example, the issue of informal urbanisation and housing tenure is addressed, as is the critical role that telecommunications play in facilitating and maintaining important social networks, both across Cape Town and beyond. Further, this article gives consideration to how telecommunications support and enhance livelihood opportunities, and the fact that they are embedded in existing modes of social communication and manifestations of social, cultural and symbolic capital.
Transformative democracy in the age of second modernity: cosmopolitanization, communicative agency and the reflexive subject
Authors: Hier Sean P.
Published: February 2008

While international scholarly momentum continues to build around Ulrich Beck's ideas on risk, politics and reflexivity, his commentary on transformative democracy is only beginning to attract scholarly interest. To better understand the theoretical and conceptual dynamics of transformative democracy in the age of second modernity, I use Mark Poster's work on digital media and the culture of under-determination to focus analytical attention on the socio-technical domains from which the democratic-cosmopolitan imperative should be expected to garner strength. I argue that Beck's largely structuralist cosmopolitanization thesis can be strengthened by a supplemental understanding of the material-communicative dimensions inherent to processes of individualization, reflexive modernization and sub-political mobilization. Introducing certain correctives to Beck's `cosmopolitan manifesto', I explore the complexities of second modern communicative agency and the constitution of the reflexive, socio-technical subject. My primary purpose is to develop theoretical and conceptual insights into the socio-technical aspects of transformative democracy in second modernity.
Stealth soapboxes: political information efficacy, cynicism and uses of celebrity weblogs among readers
Authors: Sweetser Kaye D. , Lee Kaid Lynda
Published: February 2008

This study tests the effects of personalized and `stealth' political discourse on weblogs (or blogs) and the repercussions on levels of political trust, information efficacy and political uses/gratifications. By surveying readers of three different blogs (N=1838), this study identified significant effects as a result of exposure to political statements on blogs. Indeed, there were differences in the levels of political cynicism depending on how political statements were communicated. Readers of non-political blogs were more confident in their level of political information and their ability to participate in politics. Finally, political uses/approaches and avoidances were examined, as were differences based on gender and age.
Muslim surfers on the internet: using the theory of planned behaviour to examine the factors influencing engagement in online religious activities
Authors: Ho Shirley S. , Lee Waipeng , Shahiraa Sahul Hameed
Published: February 2008

This study seeks to describe the types of religious activities Muslim surfers in Singapore engage in on the internet, and uses the theory of planned behaviour as a theoretical framework to examine how internet perception, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, internet self-efficacy, religiosity and other key demographic variables affect the use of the internet for religious purposes among Muslim surfers in Singapore. A total of 578 Muslim internet users aged 18 and above participated in a computer-assisted telephone interviewing survey in May 2004. We found that Muslim surfers tend to engage in online activities that were more related to personal religious concerns than those activities that were related to traditional institutional religion. Findings also indicate that perceived social pressure from the Muslim community, internet self-efficacy, and religiosity were positively related to engagement in online religious activities, while age was negatively related to engagement.
Muted voices in the legislative process: the role of scholarship in US Congressional efforts to protect children from internet pornography
Authors: Blevins Jeffrey Layne , Anton Fernando
Published: February 2008

This analysis brings a range of theoretical perspectives on the politics of the communications policy-making process to bear on US Congressional efforts to protect children from internet pornography. The examination of the Congressional information gathering hearings during the formulation of the Communications Decency Act, Child Online Protection Act and Children's internet Protection Act shows an excess reliance on anecdotal evidence and a lack of social scientific research in informing Congressional inquiries. The authors here argue that such incidental involvement of academic scholarship could be explained through the lenses of `symbolic politics' and `class power', which have important implications for communication scholars who wish to be more closely involved in the communication policy-making process during future debates.
Indigenous epistemology in a national curriculum framework?
Authors: Macfarlane Angus H. , Glynn Ted , Grace Waiariki , Penetito Wally , Bateman Sonja
Published: February 2008

In this article, a group of four indigenous Māori educators and one non-Māori educator comment on a proposed amendment to the New Zealand National Curriculum Framework to replace the current separate sets of skills, values and attitudes with five generic performance-based key competencies. The paper discusses important parallels between western/European sociocultural theorizing on human development and learning (on which the key competencies seemed to be based), and the values, beliefs and preferred practices that are embodied within an indigenous Māori cultural worldview ( Te Ao Māori). A Māori worldview is characterized by an abiding concern for the quality of human relationships that need to be established and maintained if learning contexts are to be effective for Māori students, and for these relationships to balance individual learning and achievement against responsibilities for the well-being and achievement of the group. Within such a worldview, education is understood as holistic, collective, experiential and dependent upon a free exchanging of teaching and learning roles. The article describes five specific cultural constructs within this worldview that highlight Māori traditional understandings of human development and learning and teaching, and aligns and compares these constructs with the five key competencies proposed. The article argues that the worldviews of Māori people in New Zealand provide an extensive and coherent framework for theorizing about human development and education, and are able to contribute strongly and positively to the development of a national school curriculum for the benefit all students. Implications for other contexts can also be drawn.
Things at Work
Authors: Molotch Harvey , Mcclain Noah
Published: February 2008

Through interviews and field observations, we examine how New York subway workers consume official workplace equipment, particularly how they informally deploy such artifacts towards individual and collective ends. We discuss the ways workers call on artifacts to manage routine concerns of work contexts — physical vulnerabilities, bureaucratic constraints, and difficult persons amongst them. We show how sustained attention to a public infrastructure and its organizational contexts can deepen understanding of humans and machines together as a coherent practical accomplishment.
Ethnicity and Consumption
Authors: Hamlett Jane , Bailey Adrian R. , Alexander Andrew , Shaw Gareth
Published: February 2008

This article reviews the literature that explores the relationship between ethnic identities and food consumption, with particular reference to business management studies. It focuses on the food shopping practices of south Asians in Britain in the period 1947 to 1975, to illustrate the need for more historically contextualized studies that can provide a more nuanced exploration of any interconnections between ethnic identity and shopping behaviour. The article draws on a reasonably long-standing interest in ethnicity and consumption in marketing studies, and explores the conceptual use of acculturation within this literature. The arguments put forward are framed by recent interdisciplinary studies of the broader relationship between consumption and identity, which stress the importance of contextualizing any influence of ethnic identifications through a wider consideration of other factors including societal status, gender and age, rather than giving it singular treatment. The article uses a body of empirical research drawn from recent oral histories, to explore how these factors informed everyday shopping practices among south Asians in Britain. It examines some of the shopping and wider food provisioning strategies adopted by early immigrants on arrival in Britain. It considers the interaction between the south Asian population and the changing retail structure, in the context of the development of self-service and the supermarket. Finally, it demonstrates how age, gender and socioeconomic status interacted with ethnic identities to produce variations in shopping patterns.
Research Ethics in Planning: a Framework for Discussion
Authors: Lo Piccolo Francesco , Thomas Huw
Published: February 2008

This article discusses research into planning, and specifically how we might best frame the ethical issues which arise in, and through, such research. One of its central contentions is that ethical sensitivity is developed by researchers as part of a social practice, that is, through communal activity of a particular kind. Therefore, important as it is to ensure that researchers are aware of their personal ethical responsibilities, understanding what the moral point of view requires — that is, being sensitive to ethical issues, especially in new circumstances — is something which researchers acquire through involvement in appropriately conducted social practices. The article's suggestion is that the notion of a social practice, as used by MacIntyre (1985) and others is helpful in framing thinking about research ethics in planning because it places the individual's acquisition and development of a moral perception, and judgements, within a social context. The first section discusses this notion. The article also explores whether the notion of a social practice can usefully be employed to distinguish between the ethical issues which arise in scholarly research in planning as opposed to those which arise in policy-related research in planning.
Plan(e) Speaking: a Multiplanar Theory of Spatial Planning
Authors: Hillier Jean
Published: February 2008

I develop a new theory of spatial planning. This is a multiple, relational approach of dynamic complexity to understanding and working with contingencies of place, time and actant behaviours. Inspired by the planar philosophy of Gilles Deleuze, I offer the potential for multiple planes: several — or perhaps one collectively preferred — broad trajectories or `visions' of the longer-term future — (Deleuzean planes of consistency or immanence) — and shorter-term, location-specific detailed plans and projects with collaboratively determined tangible goals — (planes of organization or transcendence). I explore what spatial planning practice could look like if it were to become along Deleuzean lines. I argue the case for performance-based planning rather than performance-measured, target-based master plans, discussing critical problems and issues for theory and practice.
The Health Challenges of Urban Latino College Students as Revealed Through Student Journaling
Authors: Rowland Amy L.
Published: February 2008

Because of the unique health risks faced by the Hispanic population and the notoriously poor health habits of college students, this study examines the health challenges faced by Latino college students enrolled at an urban commuter institution. A thematic analysis reveals the top themes for males and females as healthy eating, weight management, and exercise. Alcohol use management is a theme for males, whereas stress management is found as a theme for females.
Should Endovascular Repair Be Used for Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms?
Authors: LeCroy Christopher J. , Passman Marc A. , Taylor Steven M. , Patterson Mark A. , Combs Bart R. , Jordan William D.
Published: February 2008

The outcomes of endovascular repair for small abdominal aortic aneurysm (4.0-4.9 cm) is reported. All patients undergoing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair between 2000 and 2006 with maximal diameter 4.0 to 4.9 cm form the small aneurysm study cohort. Data were analyzed retrospectively and life-table methods were used. Of 743 endovascular repairs, 132 (17.8%) were performed for small abdominal aortic aneurysm. Perioperative complication rate was 9.1%. Freedom from aneurysm expansion was 96% at 1 year, 86% at 3 years, and 77% at 5 years. Overall survival was 98%, 93%, and 84% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Perioperative 30-day mortality was 0.8% with an aneurysm-related mortality of 1.5% at 5 years. There were no deaths from delayed aneurysm rupture. Endovascular repair of small abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with low perioperative morbidity and mortality compared with published results for open repair, and treatment threshold can be reduced to 4 cm in selected patients.
Transformational Learning and Third-Wave Feminism as Potential Outcomes of Participation in Women's Enclaves
Authors: Cooley LuAnn
Published: February 2008

The focus of this study is on transformative learning in women's enclaves. Women's enclaves have been shown to be sites of sustaining deep relationships that initiate change in meaning perspective similar to that described by J. Mezirow's (1991) transformational learning theory. A feminist consciousness, specifically a third-wave consciousness, can be a characteristic. The purpose of this study is to consider women's participation in enclaves as sites for transformational learning such that a potential outcome is a third-wave feminist consciousness.
Mentoring for Transformative Learning
Authors: Southern Nancy L.
Published: February 2008

So often when we speak of transformative learning, we focus on what takes places within the individual. As educators, we try to understand how it occurs and what we can do to help it occur, taking more of a stance of doing rather than one of being. In creating the conditions for transformation, we cannot forget the importance of our relationship with students. This article considers transformative learning as a relational process and explores the nature of the student–teacher relationship as a place within which transformation is made possible. Understanding it as such calls us to participate with students in creating communities of care in our learning environments, which hold relationships in a way in which we can both challenge and support one another in negotiating meaning, expanding horizons, and taking shared responsibility for co-creating a better world.
The Study and Transformation of Experience
Authors: Mandell Alan , Herman Lee
Published: February 2008

The academy can be a safe, useful place to learn from and for experiences that occur outside of it. Studies incorporating these experiences become relevant to and transformative for the lives of the participants, both teachers and students. Detailed analyses of two cases reveal the skills, attitudes, policies, and circumstances that make such studies successful. These include improvisation, collaboration, flexibility, the acknowledgement of uncertainty, and the acceptance of unpredictability. We suggest that these conditions of experientially meaningful academic dialogue are also the virtues of association among citizens in a deliberative democracy.
Transformative Higher Education
Authors: Glisczinski Daniel J.
Published: February 2008

College mission statements often describe learning that is intended to transform students and communities. This study revealed that 35% of participating college students reported experiencing transformative learning as a result of critical reflection on disorienting college experiences. This study explores curricular and pedagogical interventions designed to move critical reflection and perspective transformation from the periphery of higher education curriculum into a central framework for teaching, as an act of intentionality and decision making. These interventions require substantial curriculum and assessment rethinking and redesign from faculty in teacher education programs—as well as faculty of all disciplines—in order for higher education students to earn a meaningful degree of understanding.
Learning to Stop, Stopping to Learn
Authors: Brady Richard
Published: February 2008

Contemplative pedagogy is a young and growing approach in American education. It invites new possibilities for the emergence of creativity and promotes depth of understanding and a more personal relationship with course content. The path to contemplative learning is different for each educator who travels it. Experiences that led to the development of a personal contemplative practice and its impact on the author's teaching, over time, are described. Focus is especially on the just begun contemplative methods used in teaching a 10th-grade mathematics course. In the process, the dimensions of centering, questioning, awareness, and community, central to the contemplative element of the course, are examined. To give the reader a taste of the course, poetry, stories, and quotations that the author shared with his students are included. The article concludes with a discussion of outcomes from the first year of the course, changes made in response to what has been learnt, and new questions that have arisen.
Where MSM Have Their First HIV Test: Differences by Race, Income, and Sexual Identity
Authors: Lauby Jennifer L. , Milnamow Mary
Published: February 2008

To inform initiatives to increase HIV testing in nontraditional locations, this study examined locations where men who have sex with men (MSM) get their first HIV test and identified population segments with different test location patterns. Interviews were conducted with 451 MSM systematically recruited from 65 venues in Philadelphia. Of 408 men ever tested for HIV, 29% took their first test in a clinic or hospital, 23% in a doctor's office, 30% at an HIV organization, and 19% in a high-risk setting, including prison, shelter, or drug treatment facility. More than half (58.5%) had their most recent test in the same type of location as their first test. Men tested at HIV organizations were the most likely to receive information about HIV prevention. Low-income Black MSM were less likely to be tested at medical settings or HIV organizations. Segmentation analysis revealed other differences in testing locations by income, race/ethnicity, and sexual identity.
Gender and Time Differences in the Associations Between Sexual Violence Victimization, Health Outcomes, and Risk Behaviors
Authors: Choudhary Ekta , Coben Jeffrey H. , Bossarte Robert M.
Published: February 2008

An estimated 1 out of 6 women and 1 out of 33 men has been a victim of sexual assault at some point in their lifetime. The objective of this study was to quantify the associations between sexual assault and negative health outcomes among males and females who reported being sexually assaulted in the past 12 months or at some point before the past 12 months. Data were obtained from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System core and sexual violence modules. A series of logistic regression models, including all respondents and stratified by gender, was used to identify differences associated with victimization. Among women, victimization before the past 12 months was significantly associated with poor health status, poor mental health, lower life satisfaction, activity limitations, smoking, and binge drinking. Women who reported victimization in the past 12 months were also significantly more likely to report poor mental health, lower life satisfaction, activity limitations, and binge drinking. Among males, significant associations were found with smoking (past 12 months), poor life satisfaction (before the past 12 months) and activity limitations (before the past 12 months). Results of this study suggest that poor mental and physical health associated with victimization are more prevalent in women and that these relationships persist over time. The broad range of outcomes associated with victimization suggests that further research is needed to better understand the consequences associated with sexual violence across the lifespan.
'This poll has not happened yet': temporal play in election predictions
Authors: Jaworski Adam , Fitzgerald Richard
Published: February 2008

Although the past plays a large part in election campaigns, predictions and promises are its lifeblood, with the various parties promising great things if elected and predicting doom if not. Indeed the `manifestos' usually published at the beginning of an election campaign are a study in pledges, promises and wishes that parties use to entice the electorate to vote for them. Whilst talk of the future often dominates election discourse, one aspect of the future that is largely passed over without comment is the actual make up of the result, despite the relentless publication of opinion polls results. However, towards the end of the general election campaign in the UK in 2001, the Conservative Party began to warn of the dangers of the Labour Party winning the election by a large majority. The media gave wide prominence to this event, seen as tantamount to conceding defeat to the Labour Party, though the reaction of all the main political parties was to downplay its significance. In this article, we explore the discursive manipulation of temporal relations in the 2001 election campaign, and the politicians' work in gaining political capital out of the Conservative Party `breach' in the routine election prediction structure.
Surging ahead to a new way forward: the metaphorical foreshadowing of a policy shift
Authors: Hobbs Pamela
Published: February 2008

The role of metaphor in political discourse has received significant attention in recent years. Expanding on the cognitive theory of metaphor developed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), scholars in the fields of sociolinguistics and discourse analysis have examined politicians' use of metaphorical concepts to justify policies and define events. The metaphors examined in these studies frequently have attained the status of idioms; they consequently pass unnoticed while retaining their ability to frame perspectives. However, political discourse does not limit itself to such lexicalized metaphors, but makes use of new metaphors (or new uses of existing metaphors) as well. Such uses are specifically designed to attract attention, which may become problematic if the metaphor is rejected, resulting in a classic `failure to launch'. This article examines such a case. Through an analysis of the metaphors used to describe President Bush's military plan to increase US forces in Iraq, I explore the mechanisms by which the meanings of novel metaphors are negotiated in the political arena, and demonstrate that, although their vivid imagery can generate persuasive force in political language, this effect may backfire when they encounter resistance.
Re-branding academic institutions with corporate advertising: a genre perspective
Authors: Osman Hajibah
Published: February 2008

The end of the 1990s witnessed the corporatization of public universities in Malaysia resulting in the publication of corporate literature in these universities and the type of writing Fairclough (1993) refers to as the marketization of academic discourse. Marketization is necessary in public universities due to stiff competition in attracting students among the public universities as well as from the increasing number of private universities. This article reports how Malaysian universities re-brand themselves using the results of an investigation on corporate brochures from these universities. The investigation employs a structural analysis and a textual analysis. Although informative in nature, these corporate brochures exhibit the use of promotional elements in the texts as seen in the contents and the language use. The communicative functions of university brochures are viewed to be more promotional than informative.
Interplay among Etsrp/ER71, Scl, and Alk8 signaling controls endothelial and myeloid cell formation
Authors: Sumanas Saulius , Gomez Gustavo , Zhao Yan , Park Changwon , Choi Kyunghee , Lin Shuo
Published: February 2008

Vascular endothelial and myeloid cells have been proposed to originate from a common precursor cell, the hemangioblast. The mechanism of endothelial and myeloid cell specification and differentiation is poorly understood. We have previously described the endothelial-specific zebrafish Ets1-related protein (Etsrp), which was both necessary and sufficient to initiate vasculogenesis in the zebrafish embryos. Here we identify human Etv2/ER71 and mouse ER71 proteins as functional orthologs of Etsrp. Overexpression of mouse ER71 and Etsrp caused strong expansion of hemangioblast and vascular endothelial lineages in a zebrafish embryo. In addition, we show that etsrp is also required for the formation of myeloid but not erythroid cells. In the absence of etsrp function, the number of granulocytes and macrophages is greatly reduced. Etsrp overexpression causes expansion of both myeloid and vascular endothelial lineages. Analysis of mosaic embryos indicates that etsrp functions cell autonomously in inducing myeloid lineage. We further demonstrate that the choice of endothelial versus myeloid fate depends on a combinatorial effect of etsrp, scl, and alk8 genes.