bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLOCK GENES VS. BREAST CANCER
Authors: Golubev Aleksey , Panchenko Andrey , Gubareva Yekaterina , Kireeva Galina , Anisimov Viktor
Published: November 2020

Clock genes (CG) are responsible for adapting body to diurnal changes in environmental conditions (circadian cycles, CC). Discordances caused by changes in both environmental СС (shift work, excess light at night, or jet lag) and bodily CC, in particular due to changes in CG expression, increase the risk of cancer, the breast being the most vulnerable site. The present discussion is based on the reviews of relevant epidemiological and experimental findings, including meta-analyses, mainly published within the last five years. The conclusions related to translational medicine are, with regard to prevention, that shift work is a significant risk factor of breast cancer and, with regard to treatment, that melatonin properties make it feasible to develop regimens of its administration able to synchronize tumor and body CC so that cancer becomes most sensitive to treatment when body is least vulnerable to its side effects.
MOLECULAR AND GENETIC FEATURES OF GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS
Authors: Akhmetzyanov Foat , Petrov Sergey , Khalikov Dinar
Published: November 2020

In this review presented the most relevant scientific information on the molecular and genetic features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). GISTs is a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, which according to modern ideas originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal. It was found that this disease is largely somatic mutations: in the overwhelming majority of cases, activating mutations in kit or PDGFRA genes that encode effector tyrosine kinases are found in tumor cells. Constitutive activation of these enzymes triggers a complex cascade of intracellular reactions, the result of which is the enhancement of cell proliferation and tumor growth. In the absence of the above-mentioned driver mutations, the GISTs is referred to as a “wild type”. The profile of mutations affects the aggressiveness of the GISTs flow and the sensitivity to target antitumor drugs. Thus, carrying out a mutational analysis in the case of a GISTs is of great prognostic significance.
CONTEMPORARY TREATMENT APPROACH OF SQUAMOUS CELL SKIN CANCER: REVIEW
Authors: Belyaev Aleksey , Prokhorov Georgiy , Radzhabova Zamira , Baykalova Olga
Published: November 2020

The incidence of skin cancer is a steady increasing around the world. Tumors of epithelial origin occupy the first place in the structure of all skin malignancy. Epidermoid carcinoma is the most malignant epithelial tumor of the skin and mucous membranes with squamous differentiation. Generally, squamous cell carcinoma is successfully treated by surgical and radiological methods. Often a different kind of plastic defect reconstructions are required after surgical removal. The incidence of epidermoid carcinoma increases with age (average age of patients falls on 65 years) therefore variants of treatment options is limited by comorbidities. However, surgical oncologist do not have enough date and randomized controlled studies on this theme. Minimally invasive methods, especially cryothechnology are increasingly used, but unfortunately their advantage requires additional evidence. We suppose Inclusion in the conventional treatment of new technologies may possibly improve the results of treatment. We reviewed the literature, summarizing data on various methods of treating squamous cell skin cancer. Comprehensive and systematic search was based on MedLine, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus and PubMed among original articles for the period from January 1974 to October 2018.
ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN INDICATORS CHARACTERIZING MEDICAL CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH CANCER IN SAINT-PETERSBURG AND IN THE LENINGRAD REGION IN 2013-2017
Authors: Rykov Maksim , Turabov Ivan , Punanov Yuriy , Safonova Svetlana
Published: November 2020

Background: St. Petersburg is a city of federal importance with a large number of primary patients, identified annually.
Objective: analysis of the main indicators characterizing medical care for children with cancer in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region.
Methods: The operative reports for 2013-2017 of the Health Committee of the Government of St. Petersburg and the Health Committee of the Leningrad Region were analyzed.
Results. In 2013-2017 in the Russian Federation, 18 090 primary patients were identified, 927 (5.1%) of them in the analyzed subjects: in St. Petersburg - 697 (75,2%), in the Leningrad Region - 230 (24,8%). For 5 years, the number of primary patients increased in St. Petersburg - by 36%, in the Leningrad Region - by 2,5%. The incidence increased in St. Petersburg by 18,1% (from 14,9 in 2013 to 17,6 in 2017 per 100 000 of children aged 0-17). The incidence in the Leningrad Region fell by 4.9% (from 14.4 in 2013 to 13.7 in 2017). Mortality in 2016-2017 in St. Petersburg increased by 50% (from 2 to 3), in the Leningrad Region - by 12,5% (from 2,4 to 2,7). The one-year mortality rate in St. Petersburg increased by 3,9% (from 2,5 to 6,4%). In the Leningrad Region, the one-year mortality rate decreased from 6,5% in 2016 to 0 in 2017. The number of pediatric oncological beds did not change in St. Petersburg (0,9 per 10,000 children aged 0-17 years) and the Leningrad Region (0). In St. Petersburg patients were not identified actively in 2016-2017; in the Leningrad Region their percentage decreased from 8,7 to 0. The number of oncologists increased in St. Petersburg from 0,09 to 0.12 (+33,3%), in the Leningrad Region - from 0 to 0,03.
Conclusion: Morbidity in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region is significantly different, which indicates obvious defects in statistical data. Patients were not identified during routine preventive examinations which indicate a low oncologic alertness of district pediatric physicians. Delivery of medical care for children with cancer and the statistical data accumulation procedures should be improved.
EVALUATION OF GASTRIC CONDUIT BLOOD SUPPLY WITH FLUORESCENT ANGIOGRAPHY WITH INDOCYANINE GREEN AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR CANCER
Authors: Lyadov Vladimir , Gamayunov S. , Karov V. , Eynullaeva T.
Published: November 2020

Anastomotic leak and conduit necrosis are severe complications after esophagectomy. Fluorescent angiography with indocyanine green provides an opportunity to objectively evaluate conduit perfusion and, potentially, reduce the number of leaks.
Material and methods. We analyzed short-term outcomes of 26 esophagectomies performed with laser fluorescent evaluation of conduit perfusion. All patients had esophagogastic anastomosis, 14 in the neck, 12 in the pleural cavity. Conduit perfusion was assessed 30 sec after intravenous bolus injection of 6 mg of indocya-nine green with SPY2000 laser technology. The results were compared with short-term outcomes of 35 esophagectomies performed without fluorescent assessment of gastric tube perfusion.
Results. There were 6 leaks or conduit necrosis in control group while in the ICG group there were only 2 leaks on the neck: 1 in a patient with a massive intraoperative bleeding and shock, 1 in a patient with severely compromised blood supply of the gastric tube tip according to ICG imaging. No cases of conduit necrosis were found, which led to significantly lower number of severe (grade III-V Dindo-Clavien) complications, p=0,033. Conclusion Laser fluorescent angiography with indocyanine green is a useful tool which affords an objective evaluation of gastric tube perfusion and, potentially, reduces the number of severe postoperative complications after esophagectomy.
EFFICACY OF NIVOLUMAB (NWO) DURING 2+ LINE TREATMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED REFRACTORY NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER: INTERIM RESULTS OF PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Laktionov Konstantin , Arzumanyan Alla , Bolotina Larisa , Breder Valeriy , Buevich Natalya , Danilova A. , Zinkovskaya Anna , Kornietskaya Anna , Kramchaninov M. , Kushniruk Ye. , Latipova Dilorom , Moiseenko Fedor , Nikitina Tatyana , Okruzhnova Mariya , Orlov Sergey , Orlova Rashida , Porfireva N. , Protsenko Svetlana , Sarantseva Kseniya , Stroyakovskiy Daniil , Filippova Yelena , Ionova Tatyana
Published: November 2020

The preliminary results of observational study focused on clinical efficacy and safety of nivolumab (Nivo) treatment as >2nd line in patients with advanced refractory NSCLC as well as on quality of life (QoL) before and during treatment are presented.
Patients and methods. Adult pts with advanced refractory NSCLC received Nivo 3 mg/kg q2w within the Expanded Access Program. Tumor response was assessed using RECIST v. 1.1, adverse events (AEs) - using NCI CTCAE v3.0. For QoL assessment pts completed RAND SF-36. For statistical analysis Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon test and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meyer method.
Results. The analysis was performed in the group of 176 NSCLC pts enrolled from 7 centers in RF. Median follow-up - 7.8 mos. Tumor control was confirmed in 59% patients. Median OS was 10.2 mos (95%CI: 6.6-13.7), median PFS - 4.2 mos (95%CI: 3.7-4.7). AEs were revealed in 34% patients; among them 13 (8%) patients with grade 3-4 AEs. Significant QoL impairment was identified in patients before Nivo treatment. Within 12 weeks after treatment start QoL improvement/ stabilization was revealed. Absence of tumor control at first tumor evaluation, poor ECOG, underweight and significant base-line QoL impairment are predictive for worse survival.
Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate satisfactory efficacy and safety of Nivo treatment as >2ndline in patients with advanced refractory NSCLC within the Expanded Access Program. Before Nivo treatment patients have significant QoL impairment; Nivo treatment leads to meaningful QoL improvement/stabilization in NSCLC pts.
CANCER TREATMENT AND CARDIOVASCULAR TOXITY: PATHOGENESIS AND ACTUAL APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF HEART FAILURE IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Obrezan Andrey , Shcherbakova Nataliya
Published: November 2020

The field of cardio-oncology has received increasing attention in recent years. This is due to the fact that the results of a large number of clinical studies on antitumor therapy, covering issues treatments side effects, including associated cardiovascular pathology, are published. Advances in treatment have led to improved survival of patients with cancer, but have also increased clinical significance of treatment side effects. Myocardium, having high metabolic activity, responds to substrate and energy imbalance under the action of increasing malignancy and toxic effects of radio- or chemotherapy. Finding of baseline risk factors, timely identification of cardiovascular diseases, ability to predict the long-term consequences of cancer treatment-associated cardiovascular side effects lead to improving of the prognosis and quality of life, avoiding of over-diagnosis cardiovascular diseases and inappropriating violation of life-saving treatment of a malignant tumor.
ANALYTICAL INDICATOR. ANALYSIS OF THE REAL STATE OF DYNAMICS OF MORTALITY OF THE POPULATION OF RUSSIA FROM MALIGNANT TUMORS AND CHANGES IN ITS STRUCTURE
Authors: Merabishvili V.
Published: November 2020

The mortality rate is one of the most important criteria for assessing the health of the population. However, it is important to use analytical indicators correctly, especially when evaluating time series. The value of the “gross” mortality is closely linked with a specific weight of persons of elderly and senile ages. All international publications (WHO, IARC, territorial cancer registers) assess the dynamics of morbidity and mortality only by standardized indicators that eliminate the difference in the age composition of the compared population groups. In Russia, from 1960 to 2017, the share of people of retirement age has increased more than 2 times. The structure of mortality from malignant tumors has changed dramatically. The paper presents the dynamics of gross and standardized mortality rates from malignant tumors in Russia and in all administrative territories. Shows the real success of the Oncology service. The medium-term interval forecast until 2025 has been calculated.
LOW-DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN MOSCOW FOR LUNG CANCER SCREENING (LDCT-MLCS): BASELINE RESULTS
Authors: Morozov Sergey , Gombolevskiy Viktor , Vladzimirskiy Anton , Laypan Albina , Kononets Pavel , Dreval P.
Published: November 2020

Study aim. To justify selective lung cancer screening via low-dose computed tomography and evaluate its effectiveness.
Materials and methods. In 2017 we have concluded the baseline stage of “Lowdose computed tomography in Moscow for lung cancer screening (LDCT-MLCS)” trial. The trial included 10 outpatient clinics with 64-detector CT units (Toshiba Aquilion 64 and Toshiba CLX). Special low-dose protocols have been developed for each unit with maximum effective dose of 1 mSv (in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 2.2.1, Sanitary Regulations 2.6.1.1192-03). The study involved 5,310 patients (53% men, 47% women) aged 18-92 years (mean age 62 years). Diagnosis verification was carried out in the specialized medical organizations via consultations, additional instrumental, laboratory as well as pathohistological studies. The results were then entered into the “National Cancer Registry”. Results. 5310 patients (53% men, 47% women) aged 18 to 92 years (an average of 62 years) participated in the LDCT-MLCS. The final cohort was comprised of 4762 (89.6%) patients. We have detected 291 (6.1%) Lung-RADS 3 lesions, 228 (4.8%) Lung- RADS 4A lesions and 196 (4.1%) Lung-RADS 4B/4X lesions. All 4B and 4X lesions were routed in accordance with the project's methodology and legislative documents. Malignant neoplasms were verified in 84 cases (1.76% of the cohort). Stage I-II lung cancer was actively detected in 40.3% of these individuals. For the first time in the Russian Federation we have calculated the number needed to screen (NNS) to identify one lung cancer (NNS=57) and to detect one Stage I lung cancer (NNS=207).
Conclusions. Based on the global experience and our own practices, we argue that selective LDCT is the most systematic solution to the problem of early-stage lung cancer screening.
THE ADVANTAGES OF HYBRID SCINTIGRAPHY IN SENTINEL NODE MAPPING IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Solodkiy Vladimir , Fomin Dmitriy , Khodorovich Olga , Borisova Olga , Lyugay Olga , Semakina T. , Pyatnitskiy Ilya
Published: November 2020

We performed comparative analysis of the efficiency of planar scintigraphy and SPECT-CT in the localization of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in the early stages of breast cancer in 50 patients. The true amount of SLN by lymphoscintigraphy was detected in 48% of observations, clear visualization was achieved in 78% of cases. There was no significant correlation between the efficiency of the planar study and the body mass index of the patients. The SPECT-CT analysis of regional lymphatic drainage of the mammary gland allowed to determine both the exact localization and the number of SLN in all patients included in the study. Comparison of SLN size and structure with histology results revealed no reliable association between CT anatomy and the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes.
PUCTURE-DRAINING INTERVENTIONS UNDER ULTRASOUND CONTROL WITH TUMOR SEROSITES ON AN OUTPATIENT BASIS
Authors: Petrik Sergey , Vasilev Aleksandr , Deniskin O.
Published: November 2020

Tumor serositis - pleurisy, ascites and pericarditis - occur in approximately 50% of patients with disseminated forms of malignant tumors. In the period from 2016 to 2018 in Petrov's National Medical Research Center of oncology on an outpatient basis performed 193 laparo-, 178 thoraco-and 19 pericardiocentesis under ultrasound control. “Mild” complications (grade I according to Dindo - Clavien) occurred in 4 (1.03%) patients. Indications of performing thoraco-laparo-and pericardiocentesis are discussed in the literature, the article outlines the conditions under which it is possible to perform these procedures under ultrasound guidance on an outpatient basis.
COMPLEX PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION OF THE PATIENT WITH MALIGNANT TUMOR OF OROPHARYNGEAL REGION DURING ANTITUMOR TREATMENT: CASE REPORT
Authors: Izhnina Yekaterina , Kochurova Yekaterina , Lapina Natalya , Seferyan Karina
Published: November 2020

Treatment of patients with malignant tumor of oropharyngeal region is a difficult problem due to the last detection of diseases and complex anatomic structure, despite the emergence new and improvement methods of the treatment of cancer of oropharyngeal region. Complex rehabilitation of this patients presents great difficulties due to the disturbance of breath, swallowing, speech, and the lack of a single methodological approach to treatment. It is needs to improve the effectiveness of prosthetic care for patients with malignant tumor of oropharyngeal region.
IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITOR SALVAGE THERAPY IN PATIENT WITH REFRACTORY PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA
Authors: Lepik Kirill , Polushin Aleksey , Kondakova Ye. , Yakimovich K. , Tsygankov I. , Gavrilenko A. , Zalyalov Yu. , Afanasev B. , Mikhaylova Nataliya
Published: November 2020

Despite the progress in the therapy of a primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) the rates of disease relapse and resistance to therapy are high. Development of new effective therapeutic strategies is needed. One of the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PCNSL is the suppression of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have demonstrated the increased expression of PD-L1 in the tumor cells of PCNSL and therefore the use of PD-1 blockade might be effective. This report includes the description of a case of the successful use of PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab as monotherapy in a severely pretreated young patient with refractory PCNSL.
THE INFLUENCE OF METHOTREXATE ON THE CHANGE IN THE INTENSITY OF CELLULAR DEATH IN THE OVARIES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Antosyuk Olga , Mukhametzyanova A.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this work to determine the influence of different concentration of methotrexate on apoptosis level in the ovaries of Drosophila melanogaster at normal and elevated temperature during development. In the experiment was used 300 hybrid individuals “Oregon-R x vg” with spontaneous mutation like Beadex phenotype. We investigated six group: control, a group after the methotrexate 400 mkg/ kg medium treatment, a group with 2000 dose, a group with 10000 dose, temperature 28 C treatment and a group after methotrexate 400 and temperature 28 C treatment together. During the experiment we found that apoptosis in checkpoint #1 reaches to maximum values of the group MTX 10000 and of group after the temperature 28 C treatment. There was also a dose dependence on the intensity of apoptosis from increased concentration in checkpoint #1. The experimental group MTX 400 has the maximum intensification of cellular ath in the checkpoint #2, which is not observed in the other groups. Due to the fact that the 400mkg/kg is close to 50LD, probably most of the individuals survive. The high index of the presence of apoptosis observed in control group of this hybrid strain. Correlations between the increase in MTX dosesang degree of ovarian development were not observed. However, the 2000 MTX group has a high rate of atrophy of both ovaries.
THE ROLE OF LIQUID BIOPSY IN THE CHOICE OF TACTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Authors: Laktionov Konstantin , Kazakov A. , Sarantseva Kseniya , Reutova Yelena , Arzumanyan A. , Moskalyuk N.
Published: November 2020

This article describes the potential uses of liquid biopsy for non-small cell lung cancer as a method for determining the mutational profile, as well as minimal residual disease after radical surgical treatment. This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of this method compared to tissue biopsy. Presented potential applications of liquid biopsy to personalize treatment.
RADIATION THERAPY IN MULTIMODAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA. LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF OWN OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Borisova Tatyana , Tkachev S. , Ivanov S. , Alieva S. , Trofimova O. , Glebovskaya V. , Breder Valeriy , Laktionov K. , Marinov Dimitr , Abdullaev A.
Published: November 2020

Pleural mesothelioma (MP) remains an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis and a median survival of no more than 18-20 months, despite the use of all current treatment approaches. Radiation therapy for MP is traditionally used as a part of a three-modal approach in radical treatment. The lack of reliable randomized trials has led to an absence of consensus of the optimal radical treatment strategy and current guidelines for the MP treatment are quite contradictory regarding the use of radiotherapy. A literature based on the MedLine database, Web of Science was analyzed. Our own experience in multimodal treatment of 8 patients with MP based on retrospective data demonstrates low local control in the irradiated area: 4 patients had isolated local relapse during 1 year; 4 patients had local relapse in combination with distant progression. Univariate analysis had not revealed predictors of isolated local progression after adjuvant radiation therapy in multimodal treatment. Although the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of MP remains unclear, significant successes in planning and conducting of radiation therapy show, that long-term survival now can be achieved for these patients, for whom, until recently, only palliative treatment had been considered appropriate.
INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF SAMPLING ON THE RESULTS OF CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TUMORS OF THE ORAL MUCOSA
Authors: Kruglova I. , Zinovev Svyatoslav , Pursanova A. , Utkin Oleg , Denisenko A.
Published: November 2020

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity (MMOC) and the underlying tissues have a complex anatomical structure that determines the specifics of the clinical course and treatment of tumors developing here. Malignant tumors that occur in the oral cavity, in most cases have the structure of squamous cell keratinizing cancer. In the conditions of a dental clinic, the diagnosis of precancerous and tumor changes presents serious difficulties, the main cause of which is the low oncological alertness of dentists, as well as the lack of necessary equipment and modern minimally invasive methods of early detection of cancer. Histological examination rarely is used in dentistry, as it implies a lifetime fence of the abnormal tissue (a biopsy) and has a number of disadvantages associated with the work sharp tool, the possibility of bleeding, mistakes in material sampling, waiting times result from a doctor-a pathologist. Taking into account the external localization of COR and CCG neoplasms, the procedure for collecting material for cytological research is simple and highly sensitive (the sensitivity of the method is 90-95%).
Objective: to assess the possibility of cytological diagnosis in the practice of the dentist and the impact of different methods of sampling on the results of morphological analysis.
Materials and methods of research. 114 samples were analyzed from 38 patients who sought dental care with complaints of tumors in the oral cavity. Material from each patient was collected in three ways, followed by cytological examination.
Results and discussions. The obtained results indicate that the lowest percentage of detection of malignant changes in the cells of patients was observed when self-flushing with MMOC, and the highest percentage of pathologically altered cells was detected when sampling material by smear. The obtained results of cytological examination were compared with histological data, where different percentage matches were obtained depending on the method of material sampling.
Conclusion: the use of cytological research method in dental practice with adequate sampling of the material allows to identify malignant cell changes in more than 80% of cases.
STUDY OF EFFECTS OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS ON SOLID TUMOR CELLS PROLIFERATION AND CHEMORESISTANCE
Authors: Danilova Anna , Avdonkina N. , Gubareva Ye. , Baldueva I. , Zozulya Anton , Kireeva G.
Published: November 2020

Circadian clock is a complex mechanism regulating many different physiological processes. Preclinical, epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate association between circadian rhythms disruption and tumor initiation. Study of modulation of solid tumor cells biological properties through enhancement of clock mechanisms could attribute to the development of more effective chemo- and hormone therapy approaches.
Aim: Evaluate the effects of ovarian and lung tumor cells synchronization with dexamethasone in vitro on cells sensitivity to cisplatin.
Materials and methods: Metastatic ovarian cancer (n=3) and lung cancer (n=3) cell lines were obtained from patients tumors. Tumor cell cultivation was performed in accordance with the protocol. Artificial synchronization was performed with dexamethasone 200 nM introduction to the cell cultures. Doses of cisplatin used were 1.5 and 3.0 mg/ml. xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analysis and Cell-IQ was used to measure proliferation and chemoresistance of tumor cells.
Results: Each cell-line had individual morphological characteristics and proliferation parameters. Preliminary incubation with dexamethasone (2 h) had a stimulating effect on proliferation of all tumor cell lines (Slope min -4.3(0.3)хЕ ‘х10-3 - max 36.8(0.6)хЫх10'3, min 2.2(0.2)хЕ1х10'3- max 50.4(0.8)хЕ1х10'3), and increased their sensitivity to cisplatin (min -43(2.6)хЕ1х10-3 - max 57.5(0.6)хЕ1х10-3 и min -217,3(2,2) -1,9(0,1)хч-1х10-3 - max -1,9(0,1)хч'1х10'3, respectively.
Conclusion: These results should be the platform for future studies of the interaction of clock mechanisms, cell cycle regulation and viability of tumor cells.
DYNAMICS OF TUMOR GROWTH UNDER THE ACTION OF THE NEW NANO-FERRIMAGNETIC NANOEMBOSYL WITH TRANSARTERIAL INTRODUCTION
Authors: Treshchalina Yelena , Lkunina M. , Makovetskaya K. , Stanzhevskiy A.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. For the treatment of primary inoperable and metastatic solid human tumors with local regional arterial blood flow, a minimally invasive embolization method is used, which causes a decrease in the growth rate and size of the malignancy (cytoreduction), local side effects of which depend on the viscosity of the embolizing agent. Nanostructured ferro- and ferrimagnetics (ferrites) allow selectively achieving not only cytoreduction, but also full effect by following the embolization of magnetic hyperthermia (MHT).
Material and methods. The study of a new original embolizing nano-ferrimagnetic nanoembosil with low viscosity was performed with intra-arterial (i.a.) administration to anesthetized animals with intramuscular (i.m.) developed tumors (PC1 and VX2). This allowed us to evaluate its effectiveness using adequate criteria and the method of variation statistics (Fisher-Student’s criterion «t» in the environment of the IBM SPSS 21 package) and statistically significant differences at p≤0.05.
Results and discussion. It is shown that nanoembosil in doses of 0.1 and 0.2 ml for rats and 1.5 ml for rabbits is dose-dependent, and in the case of VX2 it is statistically significant (p=0.001) for a long time in 2-6 times inhibits the rate of tumor growth without side effects with long-term stabilization and cytoreduction by 50-65%. Structural analogs of nanoembosil in the practice of medicine there.
Conclusion. Thus, nanoembosil can be considered an original effective agent for selective arterial embolization and it is recommended to continue its preclinical study in therapeutic and preoperative modes. Good tolerance of i.a. administration of nanoembosil in the studied doses with no local side effects opens the possibility of studying the possibility of studying it as a thermo-sensitive nanomaterial for low-frequency MHT.
Venų tromboembolijos rizikos veiksniai
Authors: Miliauskas Skaidrius , Žemaitis Marius , Sakalauskas Raimundas
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje pateikiama literatūros apie įgimtus ir įgytus venų tromboembolijos rizikos veiksnius apžvalga. Daug dėmesio skirta paveldimos trombofilijos etiopatogenezei, diagnostikai ir patikrai.
Plaučių sarkoidozė
Authors: Danila Edvardas
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje aptariami naujausi su plaučių sarkoidoze susiję klausimai. Remiantis naujausiais mokslo duomenimis ir autoriaus asmenine patirtimi, analizuojama ligos patogenezė, diagnostika, gydymas ir kiti klausimai.
Kosulys ir gastroezofaginis refliuksas: mechanizmai
Authors: Fontana Giovanni A.
Published: November 2020

Kosulys yra vienas iš dažniausių nusiskundimų, dėl kurio suaugę asmenys kreipiasi į gydytoją. Gastroezofaginis refliuksas (GER) – tai skrandžio turinio grįžimas į stemplę, kuris pasitaiko beveik visiems sveikiems žmonėms, tačiau dažniausiai nesukelia jokių simptomų ar diskomforto. Kai GER lydi simptomai ar diskomfortas, jis jau ne fiziologinis ir vadinamas gastroezofaginio refliukso liga. Kosulys esant refliuksui daugeliui pacientų gali būti paaiškinamas skirtingais mechanizmais. Kai kurie iš jų yra akivaizdūs (pvz., aspiracija), o kitiems reikia papildomų tyrinėjimų ir įrodymų. Neabejotinai tam tikriems pacientams skrandžio turinio aspiracija ar mikroaspiracija yra pagrindinė kosulio priežastis. Neurogeniniai mechanizmai, refleksiškai reaguojantys į stemplės sekreto parūgštėjimą, gali sukelti kvėpavimo takų pakitimus ir respiracinius simptomus, įskaitant kosulį. Centrinis kosulio reflekso įsijautrinimas, kaip atsakas į „lėtinį“ stemplės gleivinės dirginimą rūgštimi ar ne rūgštimi, refliuksą patiriantiems asmenims gali būti bendras padidėjusio kosulio reflekso jautrumo genezės mechanizmas, nors ir nepriežastinis.
Vaikų bronchoskopinio tyrimo indikacijos
Authors: Valatkaitė Neringa , Kudzytė Jolanta
Published: November 2020

Bronchoskopija plačiai taikoma vaikų kvėpavimo organų ligoms diagnozuoti. Straipsnyje aptariamos vaikų bronchoskopijos indikacijos, pateikiama Paryžiaus Necker Enfants Malades ligoninėje ir KMU Vaikų ligų klinikoje atliktų bronchoskopijų lyginamoji analizė.
Inhaliuojamųjų bronchodilatatorių poveikio ventiliacinei plaučių funkcijai ypatumai sergant lėtine obstrukcine plaučių liga
Authors: Bagdonas Alfredas
Published: November 2020

Lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos (LOPL) patogenezės tyrimai rodo, jog persistuojančio smulkiųjų kvėpavimo takų ir plaučių parenchimos uždegimo sąlygojami struktūriniai pokyčiai lemia specifinių plaučių mechaninių savybių ir savito bronchų obstrukcijos mechanizmo atsiradimą. Dėl smulkiųjų kvėpavimo takų fibrozės ir jų stabilumą palaikančių plaučių parenchimos jungčių destrukcijos, kvėpavimo takai praranda gebėjimą atsispirti didėjančiam intratorakaliniam slėgiui ir iškvėpimo metu subliūkšta. Dėl šio reiškinio, kitaip vadinamo ekspiraciniu smulkiųjų bronchų kolapsu, labai sumažėja iškvėpiamo oro srovė. Šis obstrukcijos mechanizmas itin būdingas sergant sunkia ir labai sunkia LOPL. Dėl šių pokyčių ramaus kvėpavimo ir ypač fizinio krūvio metu pasireiškia vadinamieji oro spąstai, kai dėl ribotos iškvėpiamo oro srovės nepakanka laiko iškvėpti viso oro iš plaučių, dėl to padidėja oro tūris, liekantis plaučiuose iškvėpimo pabaigoje, t. y. atsiranda plaučių hiperinfliacija. Inhaliuojamųjų bronchodilatatorių (IB) poveikis ventiliacine plaučių funkcijai pasireiškia šiais ypatumais: nors iškvėpiamo oro srovė lieka ribota, dėl poveikio kvėpavimo takų lygiųjų raumenų tonusui, pasipriešinimui, neuromechaniniam plaučių išsiplėtimui bei kvėpuojamiesiems raumenims ženkliai padidėja galinis iškvėpiamo oro tūris savaiminio kvėpavimo bei fizinio krūvio metu, todėl sumažėja plaučių hiperinfliacija. Ši farmakologinė plaučių tūrių redukcija po bronchodilatatoriaus inhaliacijos nesant FEV1 pokyčių labai būdinga sergantiems sunkesne LOPL. Kadangi FEV1 nustatomas forsuoto iškvėpimo mėginiu, padidėjęs ekspiracinis smulkiųjų bronchų kolapsas maskuoja bronchų lygiųjų raumenų tonuso ir laidumo pokytį po bronchodilatatoriaus inhaliacijos. Plaučių tūrio rodikliai, ypač IC, kadangi jai išmatuoti nebūtina kūno pletizmografija, parodo tikrą IB poveikį oro spąstams ir plaučių tūrio struktūrai, tuo tarpu FEV1 nėra informatyvus rodiklis vertinti IB poveikio efektyvumą sergantiesiems LOPL. Ilgalaikė ir efektyvi LOPL simptomų ir plaučių hiperinfliacijos kontrolė pasiekiama vartojant ilgai veikiančius IB, ypač tiotropį, bei ilgai veikiančių IB ir inhaliuojamųjų gliukokortikoidų sudėtinius preparatus.
Uždegimo ir gydymo įtaka lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos progresavimui
Authors: Malakauskas Kęstutis
Published: November 2020

Per pastarąjį dešimtmetį geriau suvokus lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos (LOPL) patogenezę, LOPL imta laikyti daugiakomponente liga, kuriai būdingi struktūriniai ir funkciniai ne tik plaučių, bet ir sisteminiai pokyčiai. Tačiau universalių visapusiškai paaiškinančių LOPL išsivystymo ir progresavimo mechanizmų kilmė nėra iki galo aiški. Daugybės tyrimų duomenys leidžia teigti, kad kvėpavimo takų ir sisteminis uždegimas – labai svarbus LOPL patogenezės komponentas, mat skatina sparčiau blogėti plaučių funkciją, dažnina ligos paūmėjimus, pablogina sveikatos būklę, sukelia gretutines ligas, kaip antai širdies ir kraujagyslių ligos, osteoporozė, raumenų atrofija. Geresnis LOPL mechanizmų supratimas skatina ieškoti, kurti bei taikyti efektyvų gydymą, kurio vienas iš tikslų – slopinti uždegimą.
Vaikų lėtinis kosulys
Authors: Kudzytė Jolanta
Published: November 2020

Priimta laikyti, kad vaikų lėtinis kosulys yra besitęsiantis ilgiau nei 4 savaites, o suaugusiųjų – ilgiau nei 8 savaites. Tačiau Britų torakalistų draugijos (BTS) metodinėse rekomendacijose lėtinis kosulys suskirstomas į smulkesnes grupes pagal kosulio pobūdį ir eigą. Straipsnyje pateikiami Europos respiratologų draugijos (ERS) ir BTS vaikų lėtinio kosulio diagnostikos algoritmai. Nustačius lėtinio kosulio kilmę, 80 proc. pacientų gydymas būna veiksmingas, todėl labai svarbu diagnozuoti kosulį sukėlusią ligą, o ne vartoti kosulį slopinančius vaistus.
Idiopatinė plaučių fibrozė ir aktualūs jos diagnostikos bei gydymo klausimai
Authors: Barkauskienė Diana , Stukaitė Viktorija
Published: November 2020

Idiopatinė plaučių fibrozė, dar vadinama kriptogeniniu fibroziniu alveolitu, yra lėtinė, greitai progresuojanti, neaiškios kilmės intersticinė plaučių liga. Ji viena iš dviejų klasikinių intersticinių plaučių ligų – kita sarkoidozė [1]. Specifiniu požiūriu IPF yra savito tipo, kuriam būdinga savita histologinė struktūra [2].
Imunosupresinis gydymas po plaučių transplantacijos
Authors: Gasiūnienė Edita , Šarauskas Valdas , Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: November 2020

Tarptautinės širdies ir plaučių transplantacijos asociacijos duomenimis, 2000–2006 metais indukcinė imunosupresija buvo taikyta 54 proc. pacientų po plaučių transplantacijos. Indukcinei imunosupresijai naudoti šie imunosupresiniai vaistai: polikloniniai antikūnai, IL-2 antagonistai, monokloniniai antikūnai. Palaikomajai imunosupresijai skiriamas trijų vaistų derinys, į kurį įeina kalcineurino inhibitorius, antiproliferacinis vaistas ir gliukokortikosteroidas. Gydant persistuojančią ūminę atmetimo reakciją pirmiausia ciklosporinas A pakeičiamas takrolimusu. Gydant lėtinę atmetimo reakciją modifikuojama palaikomoji imunosupresija, imunosupresinis gydymas papildomas kitų grupių vaistais, skiriama imuninę sistemą moduliuojanti terapija (limfmazgių švitinimas, fotoferezė).
Sunkių ligonių gydymas antibiotikais
Authors: Valavičius Arvydas
Published: November 2020

Antibiotikais gydant sunkius ligonius, reikia tam tikrų, gilesnių žinių. Dažnai įvairiomis sunkiomis ligomis sergančius ligonius pražudo ne pagrindinė liga, o jos infekcinės komplikacijos, iš kurių dažniausia – plaučių uždegimas. Straipsnyje aptariama antibiotikų įsiskverbimas į audinius, veikimo mechanizmai, pagrindinės antibiotikų grupės ir pagrindiniai gydymo taikiniai.
Lėtinio rinosinusito sąsaja su alergija ir astma
Authors: Staikūnienė Jūratė
Published: November 2020

Rinosinusitas (RS) yra nosies ir prienosinių ančių (sinusų) gleivinės uždegimas, kuriam būdingi du ar daugiau simptomų, iš kurių būtinai nosies užgulimas arba išskyros iš nosies, į nosiaryklę, kartu spaudimas ir skausmas veido srityje, uoslės susilpnėjimas ar netekimas, ir endoskopiniai požymiai (polipai, gleivingas pūlingas sekretas vidurinėje nosies landoje) arba ostiomeatalinio komplekso, sinusų gleivinės pokyčiai kompiuterinėje tomogramoje. Lėtinis rinosinusitas nustatomas, kai simptomų išlieka ilgiau nei dvylika savaičių, gali būti su nosies polipoze (NP) ir be jos. Lėtinis rinosinusitas yra viena dažniausių lėtinių viršutinių kvėpavimo takų ligų. Šios ligos raidai reikšmingas eozinofilų sukeltas uždegimas, kurį skatina bakterijos, grybeliai, jų superantigenai, alergenai, padidėjęs jautrumas aspirinui. Yra duomenų, kad šis eozinofilinis sisteminis uždegimas – sąsajos tarp rinosinusito ir astmos pagrindas.
Plaučių vėžio chemoterapijos principai
Authors: Žemaitis Marius
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje aptariami plaučių vėžio chemoterapijos principai.
Los sonidos de la muerte: Los Tigres del Norte, Café Tacuba & Alejandro Fernández. Violencia de género, música pop y realismo capitalista en México
Authors: Gutiérrez Domínguez Luis Fernando
Published: November 2020

El propósito en este artículo consiste en reflexionar respecto a los contenidos conceptuales de género de algunas producciones de música popular en el México contemporáneo, en los que se manifiestan formas de representación de género y de violencia en contra de las mujeres. Parto de la premisa que las narrativas en ese género musical encuentran acomodo en el denominado capitalismo real, sistema de regulación de la vida social que sitúa de modo inevitable la violencia como forma concreta y continua de mediación colectiva que, en el más amplio contexto del giro cultural y desde la mirada feminista, es susceptible de desvelar un fenómeno que sitúa a las mujeres como objeto propicio para esta práctica sociopolítica.
Política Lasallismo
Authors: Arteaga Rivemar Rodolfo
Published: November 2020

Si entendemos a la política como la acción de varios en favor de otros, entonces quedará claro el gran valor que representa, contrario a las percepciones que de ella se tienen en la actualidad. Visto de esa forma, es sencillo encontrar que el lasallismo, dedicado desde siempre a favorecer a los demás a través de la educación cristiana, resulta francamente compatible con los elementos de la definición de política que se ha señalado. La clave es que tanto la política como el lasallismo se mantengan fieles a las concepciones que les originaron.
The Distance learning in the teacher qualification system in Morocco
Authors: Bouabdallah Ibrahim
Published: November 2020

The spread of the Coronavirus has led to close the teacher training centers and triggered distance learning (DL). This situation constitutes a point reflection regarding the DL role in the qualification process of teachers in Morocco. Meta-analysis of official documents has been applied to characterize the DL infrastructures already in place. Results reveal a considerable gap between expectations and achievements. This alternative training can contribute to the qualification. However, its status reflects a very low level of recognition and the curricula remain incompatible with the desirable.
MHD Peristaltic Transport of Bingham Blood Fluid with Heat and Mass Transfer Through a Non-Uniform Channel
Authors: Eldabe Nabil Tawfik , Abouzeid Mohamed , A Shawky Hamida
Published: November 2020

In the present work, the flow of non-Newtonian Bingham blood fluid through non-uniform channel is investigated. The fluid is electrically conducting, and the external uniform magnetic field is applied on this motion. The heat and mass transfer are taken in consideration, so, Soret and Dufour effects are studied. The problem is modulated mathematically by a system of non-linear partial differential equations which govern the velocity, temperature and concentration distributions. The system of these equations is simplified under the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number, then it is solved analytically by using homotopy perturbation technique. These distributions are obtained as a function of the physical parameters of the problem. The effects of these parameters on the obtained solutions are discussed numerically and illustrated graphically through a set of figures. These parameters play an important role to control the values of solutions. The used Bingham model is applicable for the physiological transportation of blood in arteries.
A Review of Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Roughened Solar Air Heater
Authors: Minh Phu Nguyen , Thanh Luan Nguyen
Published: November 2020

In this paper, eleven roughness elements in solar air heater duct analysed both energy and exergy were reviewed. Various roughness geometries such as ribs, twisted tap, baffles, and metal waste were surveyed about heat transfer and friction when the air flow is passing absorber plate. Evaluation criteria of roughness on the absorber plate including thermohydraulic performance parameter, thermal efficiency, effective efficiency, and exergy efficiency were presented and compared. Results showed that protruded ribs in arc shape indicated the largest Nusselt number. The ribs exhibited the highest thermohydraulic performance parameter at a Reynolds number greater than 5000. Jet impingement with arc-shaped ribs and roughness elements of metal waste were found the smallest exergy efficiencies. The biggest effective and exergy efficiencies were obtained to be 70% and 1.9%, respectively. The thermohydraulic performance parameter varied from 0.5 to 2.0. The review paper aims to provide information about roughness geometries investigated both first and second laws of thermodynamics and figure of merits to overview artificial roughness in a solar air heater.
Experimental Investigation on Preparation and Stability of Al2O3 Nanofluid In Deionized Water and Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Safiei Wahaizad , Rahman Md. Mustafizur , Hadi M. A. , Azmi W. H. , Arifin M. N.
Published: November 2020

Nanofluid has the potential as a cooling medium for the next generation fluid as it possesses many advantages in many engineering applications. However, one of the main challenges is to establish a well-dispersed nanoparticles system in a base fluid. The preparation technique of nanofluid plays an important part as it influences the measurement of thermal conductivity. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to evaluate the nanoparticle dispersion in different base fluid compositions and to determine the optimized suspension sonication time. In detail, 0.2 wt.% of Al2O3 nanofluid stability in the three ratios of base fluid (deionized water:ethylene glycol) 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 were studied. The studies were based on a visual inspection and spectral absorbance analysis. It has clearly shown that the nanofluids prepared in 60:40 base fluid within 3 hours sonication time was the most stable suspension compared to other nanofluids. The visual inspection indicated nanofluid condition remains stable after 30 days. The spectral absorbance of nanofluids was recorded at 100 % for 5 days after preparation and remains above 95 % compared to the initial value, reflecting stable suspension. Hence the novelty of this work lies in the nanofluid stability based on sonication time and base fluid compositions.
Analysis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Porosimetry And Their Thermal Conductivity with Ionic Liquid-Based Solvents
Authors: Bakthavatchalam Balaji , Habib Khairul , Saidur R. , Shaik Nagoor Basha , Ginta Turnad Lenggo
Published: November 2020

The suspension of nanoparticles with common heat transfer fluids like Ethylene glycol and water yields nanofluid exhibits superior thermal properties than their host fluids. Ionic liquids have the potential to demonstrate remarkable thermophysical properties (especially thermal conductivity) that ordinary nanofluids cannot achieve. On the other hand, the quantity and structure of nanoparticles porosity affects the nanofluid’s thermal conductivity considerably. Various investigations have revealed the improved thermophysical characteristicts of Multiwalled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanofluids containing common solvents or base fluids. However, only limited studies are available on the impact of thermal conductivity in Ionic liquid-based nanofluids (Ionanofluids) owing to their high cost and viscosity. Ultrasonication technique is employed in preparing the three different Ionanofluids containing 0.5 Wt.% via the two-step method to achieve a greater stability and thermal conductivity without utilizing surfactants. Experimental investigations are performed to boost the thermal conductivity of MWCNT/Propylene glycol nanofluid using 1,3-dimethyl imidazolium dimethyl phosphate [Mmim][DMP], 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium octyl sulfate [Emim][OSO4] and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium diethyl phosphate [Emim][DEP] at a temperature ranging from 295 K to 355 K. The acquired results illustrated that the thermal conductivity of MWCNT Ionanofluids incorporated with [Mmim][DMP], [Emim][OSO4] and [Emim][DEP] increased by 37.5%, 5% and 2% respectively. This unique class of Ionanofluids shows incredible capacity for use in high temperature applications as conventional heat transfer fluids.
COST OF DEBT: THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL FACTORS AND NON-FINANCIAL FACTORS
Authors: Dirman Angela
Published: November 2020

The research objective to be achieved is to provide understanding and knowledge to the public, especially investors and creditors regarding the implications of corporate financial and non-financial factors on cost of debt and can be used as a reference for further researchers as well as a reference for stakeholders (investors, creditors and government) in taking relevant and reliable decisions. The method used is quantitative research with secondary data taken from the financial statements of issuers at IDX with data collection techniques using purposive sampling method. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression. The population in this study were manufacturing companies in the basic industry and chemical sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange which were carried out for 3 years of observation, namely 2016-2018. The sample was determined by purposive sampling method in order to obtain as many as 60 samples. The analysis technique used is the t statistical test and the classical assumption test which includes the normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, and autocorrelation test. The results of this study indicate that the leverage variable has a positive effect on cost of debt; the variables of profitability, liquidity, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and independent commissioners did not affect the cos of debt.
THE MANAGEMENT OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS AROUND PESANTREN ENVIRONMENT TO BUILD AKHLAKUL KARIMAH
Authors: Rostini Deti , Zuhdi Atabik , Lantari Ayundhari Vidia
Published: November 2020

Character education in Islam has existed since Prophet Muhammad’s period. “Pesantren” or Islamic boarding school is a place of character building in obedience to “Kaffah” Islamic teachings. The character education in schools here means, a process of building good character or Akhlakul Karimah by presenting education model of pesantren but realized in formal institutions. It is deemed as solution for children who do hesitate to have boarding school education because of several reasons. This study aims to describe the implementation of character education management in senior high schools around boarding schools environment located in Banyumas, Central Java. The approach used in this research is a qualitative with descriptive method. The character education in Banyumas has implemented four modern management functions in a proportional way by upholding the tutor role of Pesantren.. The cooperation has been running simultaneously and run conventionally, while still adhering the management principles even need a various ongoing renewal efforts.