bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcium Uptake and Collagen‐Induced Platelet Release Reaction
Authors: Bygdeman S. , Stjärne L.
Published: August 2010

Platelet aggregation induced by collagen is Ca dependent and involves a release of adenine nucleotides, 5‐hydroxytryptamine, and other compounds stored in granules within the platelets. In purely secretory systems such as the adrenal medulla, uptake of Ca is a necessary step in the release reaction. The purpose of the present investigation was therefore to establish to what extent an uptake of Ca also plays an important role in the platelet release reaction. It was found that guanethidine, which is reported to inhibit Ca‐uptake in concentrations from 10‐6 to 10‐4 M, and BaCl2 (10‐3 M) did not significantly influence the aggregation response. In a second series of experiments the uptake of 45Ca during aggregation was determined. No difference in uptake was observed between these experiments and experiments in which no aggregation was induced. The results do not indicate that uptake of Ca is a necessary step in the collagen induced platelet release reaction.
LDH Isoenzymes in Extreme Density Human Platelet Populations
Authors: Knudsen Finn Ursin
Published: August 2010

By discontinuous gradient centrifugation in two oily mixtures of n‐dibutyl phthalate and Apiezon A oil of an accurately fixed specific gravity (1.0270 and 1.0405), platelets from 16 normal platelet pools were separated into extreme density platelet populations (large‐heavy and small‐light platelets) which were studied against unseparated control platelets for platelet volume and LDH isoenzymes.

By the microhaematocrit method the mean platelet volume per platelet in large‐heavy, small‐light, and control populations was 11.6 μ3, 5.7 μ3, and 7.3 μ3. LDH isoenzyme determination, using disc polyacrylamide electrophoresis, revealed identical isoenzyme patterns in large‐heavy, small‐light, and control platelets. When expressed by the logarithm of the H/M ratio, the mean values for the three groups were 0.16, 0.15, and 0.15.

Thus, the study adduced no evidence of a correlation between human platelet isoenzyme parameters and platelet volume.
Activation of Coagulation by Heparin‐Protamine Complexes as Demonstrated by Thrombotest
Authors: Godal H. C. , Gjengedal G.
Published: August 2010

Coagulation activity, detectable by Thrombotest, is formed during incubation of blood or plasma with appropriate amounts of heparin and protamine or with heparin‐like substances (dextran sulphate, Liquoid). The exact mechanism for this effect is not known, but in several respects it is similar to that obtained by contact with glass. The findings may be relevant to clinical observations such as increased risk of thrombosis following neutralization of heparin with protamine in vivo, and the so‐called rebound effect of heparin.
Erythropoiesis Stimulating Factors
Authors: Lewis Jasper P. , Alford Dorothy A. , Neal W. Aubrey , Moores Russel R. , Welch Emily T. , Gardner Edward , Wright Claude‐Starr , Smith Linda L.
Published: August 2010

A urine concentrate of erythropoietin, obtained by chromatography on diethylamino‐ethyl (DEAE)‐cellulose, contained regulators of erythropoiesis that could be fractionated by selective membrane permeability. Two erythropoiesis stimulating factors (ESF) were obtained after exhaustive dialysis, one that diffused through the membrane and one in the retentate. A biochemical study of the ESF in the diffusate showed no appreciable sialic acid or fucose, a trace of hexosamine and a relatively small amount of protein. The remainder of the complex appeared to be an adrenocorticosteroid(s). The protein appeared to be a fragment of a glycoprotein.

After exhaustive dialysis the retentate‐ESF had the characteristics of an ESF‐generating factor. The optimum pH for activity was about 7.4. It is suggested that an ESF(s) remains inactive when bound to a glycoprotein such as α1‐acid glycoprotein or the corticosteroid‐binding globulin. A role of an ESF‐generating factor would be to act on the complex to produce a fragment of the glycoprotein steroid complex, thereby activating the hormone.
Circulating Megakaryocytes in Blood from the Inferior Vena Cava in Adult Rats
Authors: Pedersen N. Tinggaard
Published: August 2010

15 male and 15 female rats were investigated for circulating megakaryocytes in the inferior vena cava, using a saponin‐haemolysis leucocyte‐concentration technique. The number of megakaryocytes per 1.5 ml blood varied from 0 to 10 and was on average 2.5 megakaryocytes per 1.5 ml; there were no significant differences between the two sexes and no correlation between the number of circulating megakaryocytes and the number of platelets. 43 % of the megakaryocytes possessed copious cytoplasm, just under 10 % had sparse cytoplasm, and the remainder were naked nuclei. The shape of the megakaryocytes with cytoplasm was highly variable.
The Post Hypoxic Bone Marrow and Spleen Composition
Authors: Beran M. , Tribukait B.
Published: August 2010

The qualitative and quantitative cellular changes in the bone marrow and spleen of mice during post‐hypoxic re‐adaptation to normal atmospheric pressure were studied. Ten days of hypoxia at about 6,000 m enhanced the number of erythroid cells in the bone marrow and spleen three and twelve fold respectively. The number of lymphoid and myeloid cells falls to about 25% and 50% of the normal values in the bone marrow, in the spleen only the lymphoid cells were moderately depressed. The post‐hypoxic suppression of the erythropoiesis was almost complete in both organs. The myeloid and lymphoid components of the bone marrow began to proliferate about 24 hours after hypoxia. The number of myeloid elements reached the control values between the third and fourth days, the lymphoids recovered slowly with an overshoot between the sixth and eight days. The first signs of the renewed erythropoietic activity were seen after the tenth post‐hypoxic day.
Cell Cycle Effect of Extracorporeal Irradiation of the Blood in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Ernst Peter , Andersen Vagn , Killmann Sven‐Aage
Published: August 2010

A patient with acute myeloid leukaemia was treated with extracorporeal irradiation of the blood. During the irradiation, the blood blast cell count decreased considerably. Bone marrow studies showed an increase of the 3H‐thymidine labelling index and particularly of the mitotic index within 8 hours after start of treatment; possible mechanisms of this are discussed. The rises in indices were moderate, however, and it remains to be seen whether such cytokinetic perturbations are large enough to allow definite therapeutic exploitation.
Radiation Induced Changes in Red Cell Filterability
Authors: Karle Hans , Hansen Niels Ebbe
Published: August 2010

A decrease in filterability of human red blood cells has been demonstrated after in vitro irradiation. The importance of this finding is discussed in relation to the reduced survival of red blood cells during extracorporeal irradiation.
Effects of Compound 48/80 on Platelets: Structural Alterations and Inhibition of Aggregation
Authors: TS'AO CHUNG‐HSIN , GLAGOV SEYMOUR
Published: August 2010

Compound 48/80 degranulates mast cells and release histamine and serotonin. Since platelet degranulation is an important aspect of platelet function, the effect of this compound on platelets and platelet aggregation were investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Low concentrations of 48/80 did not alter platelet ultrastructure but high concentrations suppressed platelet pseudopod formation and altered the surface connecting system. Low concentrations of 48/80 interfered with platelet aggregation by thrombin and collagen but not by ADP; platelets incubated with high concentrations of 48/80 did not aggregate when exposed to ADP or collagen but the addition of large quantities of thrombin overcame this inhibition and caused platelet aggregation as well as plasma clotting. The effect of thrombin on platelets exposed to 48/80 was not related to the presence of fibrin. The observations provide evidence that the platelet membrane plays an essential role in aggregation and that the mechanisms leading to platelet release and aggregation by various agents may be different.
The Role of Transplanted Slowly Proliferating Bone Marrow Cells for Regeneration of Lethally X‐irradiated Rat Bone Marrow
Authors: HAAS R. J. , MEYER‐HAMME K. , FLIEDNER T. M. , BARTHEL E. , FACHE I. , STEINHOFF K.
Published: August 2010

Inbred Lewis rats were labelled with (3H‐thymidine (3H‐TdR) in utero and for 6 weeks after birth to obtain 100 % labelling of all the cells in the animals. 6 weeks after the last 3H‐TdR injection only cytokinetically resting cells were still labelled. These cells comprised of two types of reticular cells, endothelial cells and a small fraction of bone marrow ‘lymphocytes’. At this time the animals were treated with 4 × 500 mg/kg body weight hydroxyurea at 6 hrs intervals. A profound marrow hypoplasia was obvious 6 hrs after the last HU injection. All proliferating precursor cells of the bone marrow were destroyed, whereas the cytokinetically resting cells were not changed in their absolute number. Successful transplantation of the marrow treated with HU to 1200 R X‐irradiated recipients provided evidence for the presence of ‘stem cells’ in the bone marrow of the donors and indicated that in rats bone marrow regeneration can be achieved in the absence of cells morphologically defined as haemocytoblasts.
Effect of Physical Exercise on Platelet Adhesiveness
Authors: BENNETT P. N.
Published: August 2010

Platelet changes brought about by sudden and by prolonged physical exercise have been studied in normal subjects. Sudden physical exercise was followed by a rise in the platelet count but there was no rise in the percentage of adhesive platelets. Walking for 3.2 km and 9.6 km resulted in a fall in the percentage of adhesive platelets but there was no change in the platelet count. The findings are discussed.
Effects of an Enlarged Splenic Platelet Pool in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: ABRAHAMSEN ARNE FOSS
Published: August 2010

Platelet survival studies with a 51Cr‐labelling technique were carried out in patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease before and after splenectomy. The result have shown that: (1) platelet recovery increased from 30 % to 90 % after splenectomy, indicating a considerable pooling of platelets in the spleen; (2) the splenic platelet pool increased with increasing spleen weight; (3) platelet survival was not affected by splenectomy except for a transitory shortening in the postoperative phase; (4) the thrombocytosis after splenectomy increased with the weight of the removed spleen and may, to a large part, be due to removal of a splenic platelet pool.
In vivo Inhibition of Human Platelet Function by VK 744
Authors: SIXMA JAN J. , TRIESCHNIGG ANNEMIEKE M. C. , de GRAAF SYTSKE , BOUMA BONNO N.
Published: August 2010

VK 744 — a dipyridamole analogue — is an inhibitor of primary aggregation of platelets in vitro. In this paper we describe the in vivo effects in human male volunteers. A dose of 1500 mg VK 744 prolonged the kaolin‐stypven time and inhibited ADP aggregation. Administration of 500 mg three times daily during 48 hrs in a paired coded investigation produced a slightly significant prolongation of the kaolin‐stypven time. Side effects prevented continuation of the trial. The inhibition by indomethacin was not enhanced by combination with VK 744.
Inactivation of Platelet Factor 4 in Plasma
Authors: EIKA C. , GODAL H. C.
Published: August 2010

Some factors, influencing the stability of platelet factor 4 (PF‐4) and of protamine in human plasma were investigated. PF‐4 and protamine were slowly inactivated in normal citrated plasma, but were stable when equivalent amounts of heparin were present. Plasmin enhanced the speed of inactivation. Low plasmin concentrations inactivated PF‐4 before fibrinogenolysis could be detected by a prolonged clotting time. Thus, inactivation of PF‐4, detectable in a heparin‐thrombin time system, seems to be a fairly sensitive indicator of plasmin actvity. Inactivation of PF‐4 was prevented by addition of protease inhibitors (Trasylol and Soy Bean Trypsin inhibitor) and is therefore most likely due to enzymatic degradation. The possibility that spontaneous inactivation of PF‐4 in normal plasma is due to traces of plasmin is discussed.
The Relationship between Splenic Platelet Pool and Spleen Size
Authors: KUTTI JACK , WEINFELD ALEKSANDER , WESTIN JAN
Published: August 2010

The relationship between the exchangeable splenic platelet pool, determined by recovery of infused 51Cr‐labelled platelets, and the spleen size, determined by 99mTc scintigraphy, has been investigated in 22 cases of polycythaemia vera and 6 control subjects. The results have shown a highly significant negative correlation, indicating that with increasing splenomegaly a larger proportion of the body platelet mass is pooled in the spleen. A scintigraphic determination of the spleen size gives a rough estimation of the splenic platelet pool.
Erythrocytosis Associated with Haemoglobin Malmö, Accompanied by Pulmonary Changes, Occurring in the Same Family
Authors: BERGLUND STIG
Published: August 2010

Erythrocytosis was found in 6 members of one family and was associated with the presence of a new abnormal haemoglobin, Hb Malmöβ97 (FG 4) His → Gln showing increased affinity for oxygen. Radiological pulmonary changes, possibly precancerous, also occurred in several members of the family. The pulmonary changes and Hb Malmö are thought to be caused by separate genes, and the mode of inheritance of both is considered autosomal dominant.
Discrepancy between Thrombotest and Normotest — an Indicator of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
Authors: SLAASTAD R. A. , GODAL H. C.
Published: August 2010

A low Thrombotest (IT) value, as compared with Normotest (NT) was found in 64% of 181 unselected medical patients. An NT/TT discrepancy was met with in most disease categories, but there was a significant preponderance of patients with malignant diseases. A positive ethanol test was found in 20 % of patients with a great NT/TT discrepancy, but only in 5 % of patients with no such discrepancy. No other signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation could be demonstrated.
Reappraisal of an Auto Analyzer Haemagglutination System for Anti‐D Quantification
Authors: MOORE B. P. L. , FERNANDEZ LUNESA
Published: August 2010

In this study various parameters for the AutoAnalyzer haemagglutination circuit of Rosenfield, Szymanski & Kochwa were re‐examined. Details are given of modifications to this circuit that improve its sensitivity and the reproducibility of results. For the quantification of anti‐D, triplicate tests done on successive days were reproducible within ± 6 %, but single tests showed a variation of ± 12 %. The anti‐D estimates obtained with certain anti‐D sera were phenotype dependant; that is, they varied according to the Rh phenotype of the test cells. It follows that in inter‐laboratory trials the Rh phenotype of the test cells should be the same in all laboratories. The need for an international anti‐D primary standard from which individual working standards may be calibrated is also stressed.
Chromosomal Damage Induced by Chlorambucil in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: LAWLER SYLVIA D. , LELE KUSUM P.
Published: August 2010

Evidence of chromosomal damage was found in mitogen stimulated cultures of the lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), who had been treated with chlorambucil, if sensitivity of the cells to the drug could be demonstrated by an in vitro test (Lawler et al 1971). Additional chromosomal damage was induced when chlorambucil was added to such lymphocytes, in the presence of mitogens, in vitro. On the other hand, if the patients' lymphocytes had previously shown resistance to chlorambucil but little chromosomal damage resulted from therapy or could be induced when the drug was added in in vitro experiments.

Chromosomally rearranged lymphocytes found in patients with CLL, who have been treated with chlorambucil, may be interpreted as surviving cells with drug induced changes.
Vitamin B12‐Binding Proteins in Normal Human Blood Plasma and Serum
Authors: GULLBERG RAGNHILD
Published: August 2010

The unsaturated vitamin B12binding capacity (UBBC) of transcobalamin ‘large’ (TC L) and that of transcobalamin ‘small’ (TC S) were quantitatively determined in blood plasma and serum from 28 apparently healthy subjects on 29 occasions. The mean values (pg/ml) obtained were 57 ± 37 for the UBBC of TC L and 980 ± 257 for the UBBC of TC S at analysis of EDTA plasma prepared by centrifugation 30 min after the blood sampling. In examining serum prepared 30 min after the blood sampling the corresponding TC L and TC S values (pg/ml) were 123 ± 87 and 1071 ±303, respectively. This implied much lower TC L values than those reported for normal human serum. Prolongations of the interval between the sampling and the centrifugation were shown to cause much less in vitro release of TC L into EDTA plasma than into serum or heparinized plasma. It is therefore practical to use EDTA plasma in studies of the amounts of B12‐binding proteins present in vivo in the extracellular blood fluid.
Immunologic Studies in Haemophilia A
Authors: Holmberg L. , Nilsson I. M.
Published: August 2010

The defect in haemophilia A may be due to the absence or deficiency of factor VIII or to the formation of a defective factor VIII. With the use of both an inhibitor neutralising test and a heterologous antiserum against factor VIII 44 patients with haemophilia A were studied for factor VIII related antigenic material in plasma. All the patients had a factor VIII related protein, immunochemically demonstrable with rabbit antiserum but only 4 patients with mild haemophilia A, all belonging to the same family, could neutralise a human inhibitor. 4 patients with haemophilia A and a circulating anticoagulant also had antigenic material. In 1 patient without haemophilia but with an anticoagulant against factor VIII the level of the factor VIII related protein was high.
Innervation of Bone Marrow in the Rabbit
Authors: Miller Marian L. , McCuskey Robert S.
Published: August 2010

The tibias of fetal, neonatal and mature New Zealand albino rabbits were investigated histochemically to elucidate the development of innervation of the blood vessels and parenchyma in the marrow cavity.

The neurovascular complex in the marrow was developed poorly at birth. Adrenergic nerves were detected with difficulty and accompanied thin walled blood vessels which could not be identified as either arterial or venous. Large bundles of nerves, suggesting the beginning of myelination, appeared by the 5th neonatal day. Simultaneously, several other morphological changes occurred. Arteries in the marrow developed a PAS positive adventitia which loosely held the nerve bundles; complete internal elastic lamellae and muscular medias also were seen for the first time. Concomitantly, there was incrcease in sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides in the connective tissue of the developing marrow cavity and large numbers of osteoclasts were seen in the enlarging marrow cavity. At this time scattered foci of early haemopoietic activity were found.

In the adult, adrenergic and cholinesterase positive nerves were distributed along both arteries and veins. Adrenergic fibers also were present on arterioles and on thin walled vessels (sinusoids and venules). Among the parenchyma, cholinesterase positive fibers were found more frequently than were adrenergic fibers. While some of the fibers were observed near haemopoietic foci and fat cells, no specific terminations were observed. The ratio of fibers to cellular elements in the marrow did not seem to differ with the degree of haemopoietic activity.

The results suggest that the development of a mature neurovascular complex is critical to the establishment of microenvironment suitable for haemopoiesis to occur. In addition, the reported neural influence on haemopoiesis is suggested to be mediated through vasomotor activity.
Evaluation of Azathioprine in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia and Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Goebel K. M. , Gassel W. D. , Goebel F. D.
Published: August 2010

The effect of azathioprine was assessed in a long‐term study of 3 patients with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and 2 selected patients showing substantial evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. A favorable clinical response to the immunosuppressive agent was observed in all patients, corresponding to the significant decrease of immunoglobulin levels. Since azathioprine failed to depress the cellular antibodies, the question remains, in view of the apparent clinical remissions, as to whether the clinical effects are actually based on suppression of the immunogenesis of these diseases.
Nuclear Arylsulphatase Activity in Leukaemia and Some Other Haematological Disorders
Authors: Petersen Helena Søndergaard
Published: August 2010

Nuclear arylsulphatase activity was estimated in 82 cases of leukaemia and in 27 cases of bone marrow plasmocytosis. Smears from patients with other haematological disorders and from normal individuals were also studied. The nuclear staining reaction was always positive in lymphocytic cells including lymphoblasts, whereas it was negative in about one third of the cases of acute myeloblastic leukaemia. Promyelocytes and all more mature granulocytes always showed a negative staining reaction. As erythroblasts were invariably positive, this method cannot be used in the differentiation of megaloblasts in folic acid or vitamin‐B12 deficiency from the megaloblastoid erythroblasts in the Di Guglielmo syndrome. It is also without value in the differentiation between normal and neoplastic plasma cells. Storage in a desiccator for 4–8 weeks does not seem to exert any appreciable influence on the staining reaction.
Urinary Erythropoietin Excretion During Initial Treatment of Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: Finne Per Haavardsholm , Skoglund Roy , Wetterhus Sigurd
Published: August 2010

Erythropoietin excretion in the urine was assayed in four patients with pernicious anaemia before and after initiation of vitamin‐B12 therapy.

A rapid decline in erythropoietin excretion was found; with treatment the lowest levels occurred on the third to fifth day, prior to the reticulocyte peak in the peripheral blood. The drop in erythropoietin excretion cannot be explained by normalization of the supply of oxygen to the sensitive erythropoietin producing cells, since haemoglobin concentrations were still at pretreatment levels and other factors that may compensate for the hypoxaemia were not operative at this time. It is therefore suggested that the normalization of the bone marrow and DNA synthesis during vitamin‐B12 treatment causes increased binding or ‘utilization’ of erythropoietin and hence the decrease in excretion.
Cytogenetic Studies During Remission of Blastic Crisis in a Patient with Chronic Myelocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Srodes C. H. , Hyde E. F. , Pan S. F. , Chervenick P. A. , Boggs D. R.
Published: August 2010

A patient's clinical course with Phi‐positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia is described. Blastic transformation was associated with a double Ph1 chromosome and megaloblastosis. During remission, the megaloblastosis disappeared and the cytogenetic pattern reverted to a single Ph1 chromosome. A second blast crisis occurred terminally with a reappearance of aberrant red cell maturation and a double Ph1 chromosome and aneuploidy. The possible significance of these observations to the clone theory of blastic crisis evolution is discussed.
A Syndrome of Anaemia, Thrombocytopenia and Subnormal Granulocyte Function in Elderly Patients
Authors: Berg B. , Brandt L.
Published: August 2010

An impaired phagocytic capacity of the neutrophilic leucocytes was found in 4 elderly patients with anaemia, thrombocytopenia and normal white blood counts. Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity was subnormal, and in 3 of the patients the morphology of the granulocytes was abnormal with a low degree of nuclear segmentation and an exaggerated clumping of the chromatin. In all patients the bone marrow was hypercellular with an increased myeloid/erythroid ratio. Besides anaemia and an increased tendency to bleeding, a high susceptibility to infections was observed. There were no initial signs of leukaemia, nor was the syndrome compatible with any other conventional haematologic diagnosis. In one patient myeloblastic leukaemia was diagnosed after 8 months of observation and in another signs of chronic myeloid leukaemia developed after 5 months. The syndrome may therefore be preleukaemic. Attempts to improve the condition with steroids, cytostatic drugs, splenectomy, and androgens were unsuccessful. In two patients the phagocytic capacity of the neutrophilic leucocytes was repeatedly enhanced during oral administration of clofazimine, a phenazine derivative with a phagocytosis‐promoting effect. The prognosis was grave, 3 patients being dead within 10 months.
A Macromolecular Serum Component Acting on Platelets in the Presence of EDTA —‘Platelet Stain Preventing Factor’
Authors: Stavem Per , Berg Kåre
Published: August 2010

A macromolecular serum component, platelet stain preventing factor (PSPF), possessing the capacity to prevent staining of platelets, has been observed in the serum of an apparently healthy person. The factor is active only when EDTA is present, and it has reacted with all platelet samples tested until now.

Thus far, it has not been possible to demonstrate that the factor resides in any of the known serum proteins.
Studies on the Thrombin Clotting Time
Authors: Arnesen Harald , Godal Hans Chr.
Published: August 2010

Mixtures of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) from purified fibrinogen, as well as purified products from defined stages of fibrinogen degradation have been tested as to their influence on the thrombin clotting time.

The prolongation of the thrombin clotting time exerted by various FDP was found to depend on the relative concentrations of FDP and fibrinogen in the test system. In addition, decreasing concentrations of fibrinogen increased the relative inhibitory influence of FDP.

N‐terminal amino acid analysis revealed that the strong effect exerted by purified stage II FDP was mainly due to polymerization inhibition, while the moderate effect exerted by products (D + E) was due to combined thrombin and polymerization inhibition.
Prognosis of Myelomatosis on Treatment with Prednisone and Cytostatics
Authors: Hansen Ole Paaske , Jessen Bent , Videbæk Aage
Published: August 2010

A series of 71 consecutive patients with myelomatosis formed the basis of determining survival in relation to sex, type of M‐component, and its initial magnitude. For the entire material the median survival was 29 months. It was essentially shorter for IgA (15 months) than for IgG myelomatosis (37 months), whereas the survival was the same for both types among patients who were still alive 5–6 years after diagnosis. The magnitude of the M‐component at diagnosis appears to play no prognostic role. 49 patients were treated with cytostatics, and 21 also with prednisone, for a minimum of 2 months. 21 patients responded within 2 months by a decrease in the serum concentration of the M‐component exceeding 0.6 g/100 ml. On the other hand, 28 patients showed no significant change in the magnitude of the M‐component during the first 2 months' medication. However, the latter patients had a median survival of 62 months as compared to only 13 months for the quickly responding patients. Thus, the quick responders had a significantly poorer prognosis.
Studies on the Thrombin Clotting Time
Authors: Arnesen Harald
Published: August 2010

The influence on the thrombin clotting time of degradation products obtained from soluble or polymerized fibrin was studied.

Plasmin degradation of soluble fibrin gave products which markedly prolonged the thrombin clotting time, whereas degradation products from polymerized fibrin (extra clot lysis) were almost inactive. The effect on the thrombin clotting time of degradation products obtained by intra clot lysis varied considerably, dependent on the relative concentrations of thrombin and plasmin used.

The present observations stress the importance of a strict definition of fibrin as a source of degradation products, and are also related to the clinical interpretation of the thrombin clotting time.
Recovery from Chronic Idiopathic Bone Marrow Aplasia of a Young Mother after Intravenous Injection of Unprocessed Cells from the Liver (and Yolk Sac) of her 22 mm CR‐Length Embryo A Preliminary Report
Authors: Kelemen Endre
Published: August 2010

Although direct evidence for any take of injected cells is lacking, a gradually developing full clinical and subtotal haematological recovery occurred after the interruption of pregnancy in a 29‐year‐old patient suffering from chronic idiopathic aplastic pancytopenia for more than 15 months. She was treated with i.v. injection of 2.5 × 105 ‘yolk sac’ and 4.2 × 107 ‘liver’ cells from her own 22 mm crown‐rump length female embryo. Before this interruption her disease was transfusion‐dependent and did not improve during additional conventional therapy. Neither transfusion nor any other treatment was necessary during her recovery. She became free of complaints and now sustains remission, 19 months after our intervention.
Laparotomy and Splenectomy in the Management of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Høst Herman , Abrahamsen Arne Foss , Jørgensen Ole Gunnar , Normann Trine
Published: August 2010

Laparotomy with splenectomy and biopsy of the liver and the retroperitoneal lymph nodes has been performed on 80 previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. No postoperative deaths occurred, but one death 6 months later may be attributed to the splenectomy. Nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity were the most frequent histological types, accounting for 41 and 36 % respectively. 52 % of the patients had splenic and 11 % had liver involvement. 15 % had hepatic lesions lacking Reed‐Sternberg and Hodgkin cells, but otherwise consistent with Hodgkin's disease. As a consequence of the laparotomy findings 19 patients had to be given total node irradiation rather than a mantle field and 17 patients chemotherapy instead of radiotherapy. Explorative laparotomy is recommended in apparently localized Hodgkin's disease as it greatly influences the choice of treatment.
Demonstration of Different D‐ and E‐Antigenic Intermediates During Plasmin Degradation of Non‐Stabilized and Stabilized Fibrin Clots
Authors: Gormsen Johs. , Feddersen C.
Published: August 2010

The degradation scheme of stabilized and non‐stabilized (solubility criteria) human fibrin clots, as obtained by porcine plasmin and urokinase activation of human plasminogen, is illustrated by crossed immuno‐electrophoresis in agarose using antifibrinogen and monospecific anti‐D and anti‐E serum and is further characterized by Sephadex G 150 filtration and by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Heat labile E‐antigenic fractions exhibiting slow migration in agarose appear early during digestion of fibrin and are especially characteristic for the degradation of stabilized fibrin, whereas only traces are found during degradation of non‐stabilized fibrin. They decrease in concentration and disappear as the final E‐antigenic fraction with distinct anodic mobility in agarose develops. The intermediary fractions are eluted by Sephadex G 150 filtration before the final plasmin resistant E‐fraction. Some of these intermediates may have a molecular weight from more than 50, 000 to around 250, 000, whereas the final E‐antigenic plasmin resistant has a molecular weight of 50, 000. The plasmin‐resistant heat‐labile D‐fragments found during digestion of non‐stabilized fibrin have a molecular weight of around 100, 000, whereas plasmin‐resistant D‐antigenic fractions found during degradation of stabilized fibrin have a molecular weight of around 190, 000, all molecular weights approximated (non‐reduced freeze dried Sephadex filtrates).
Degradation of Human Fibrinogen by Brinastrase®, Trypsin and Chymotrypsin: An Immunological Study
Authors: Gormsen Johs. , Feddersen C. , Andersen R. B.
Published: August 2010

Human fibrinogen is degraded by Brinastrase, trypsin and chymotrypsin and the fibrinogen related antigens (F.R.A.) are characterized by agar and crossed agarose immunoelectrophoresis, using anti‐fibrinogen and monospecific anti‐D and anti‐E serum.

D+E‐antigenic F.R.A. are not seen during digestion with Brinastraser̀ or chymotrypsin. D‐antigenic fractions with different electrophoretic mobility and of different antigenic potency appear initially during digestion with these enzymes and are degraded into non‐antigenic polypeptides during further digestion. Trypsin, however, digests fibrinogen as plasmin, but the D‐antigenic fragments, after repeated digestion, lose their antigenic properties.

Fragments, immunoelectrophoretically very similar to the plasmin‐resistant E‐fractions (M.W. around 50, 000), are formed during digestion with Brinastrase, chymotrypsin and trypsin. They are rather resistant to further degradation.

Sustained trypsin‐digestion results in formation of fragments with partial E‐antigenicity and Brinastrase and chymotrypsin produce after sustained and repeated incubation fragments, with significantly increased electrophoretic mobility and decrease in M.W. as estimated by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Also these fragments, however, retain at least some E‐antigenic properties.
Chimerism Following Fetal Transfusion
Authors: Turner J. Howard , Hutchinson Donald L. , Petricciani John C.
Published: August 2010

The clinical outcome from 461 Rh‐sensitized pregnancies whose infants received fetal and/or neonatal blood transfusion have been observed over a period of 7 years. 23 of 124 (19.5 %) infants receiving intrauterine transfusion showed persistence of donor white blood cells at birth. 34 of 82 (41.5 %) peripheral blood samples taken one day following exchange transfusion of the neonate displayed metaphase figures of donor cells. Donor cells could be identified in only 15 of 57 (26.3 %) of these infants on the day of hospital discharge. At four months of age, only one infant maintained a donor cell line which subsequently disappeared at one year of age. In contrast, 5 of 65 infants surviving fetal transfusion have consistently demonstrated the persistence of circulating donor white cells beyond one year of age. One of these infants has developed acute lymphocytic leukaemia at 4 1/2 years of age, and one of these presumably chimeric children demonstrated hybrid cells in its peripheral blood. No evidence of morbid conditions relating to the transfusion(s) have been noted in the infants who received transfusions only after birth.
Levels of Transcobalamin II in Normal Human Serum: Measured with Zirconyl Phosphate Gel
Authors: Sonneborn David W. , Baskerville Ann B. , Regelson William
Published: August 2010

Zirconyl phosphate gel at pH 6.25 binds selectively to transcobalamin II and not to transcobalamin I. Using this technique, levels of TC‐II in 100 normal donors were determined to be 0.96 ± 0.2 ng of B12 bound per ml of serum. The stability of TC‐II at various temperatures, the lack of any difference between levels of TC‐II in males and females, and the lack of fluctuation of levels of TC‐II in any one individual's serum are shown.
Difference in Uptake of Tritiated Thymidine by Myelocytes from Bone Marrow and Spleen in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Brandt L.
Published: August 2010

Aspirates obtained simultaneously from the bone marrow and the spleen in 19 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) were incubated with tritiated thymidine (3HTDR). The labelling indices (LI) of the myelocytes were determined autoradiographically. With increasing leucocyte counts the LI of the bone marrow myelocytes did not change significantly. In the spleen aspirates there was a significant increase in the LI of the myelocytes with increasing WBC counts from 10, 000 to 300, 000. The results indicate that the granulopoietic tissue in the spleen is not functionally identical with that of the bone marrow in CML.
Ultrastructural Visualization of the Thrombin‐Induced Platelet Release Reaction
Authors: Droller Michael J.
Published: August 2010

The present study distinguishes the morphological changes associated specifically with the thrombin‐induced platelet release reaction as isolated from platelet aggregation. At a time when maximal amounts of calcium and nucleotides are discharged from the cell, there also occurs an almost complete loss of alpha granules from the cytoplasm. Partial inhibition of the thrombin‐induced release reaction by incubation of the platelet suspensions at different temperatures is correlated with the discharge of fewer alpha granules from the cells.

A complex lamellar‐vacuolar network gradually develops in the cells as release becomes maximal. Portions of this system may be derived from the limiting membranes of alpha granules that have fused with the lamellae and deposited their contents. Because this membrane system is continuous with the surface of the cell during release, it may provide a conduit whereby the alpha granule contents are transported to the surrounding medium.

At 37°, when maximal thrombin‐induced release occurs, a heretofore undescribed electron‐dense fibrous material appears within the lamellar spaces. This material is morphologically similar to the fibrin seen in blood clots and may well be derived from the previously described alpha granule fibrinogen that is secreted during thrombin‐induced nucleotide and calcium release.
Demonstration of Spleen Colonies on Grafted Spleens in the Radiation Chimera
Authors: Boynton Alton N. , Crouse D. A. , Sharp J. G.
Published: August 2010

We have demonstrated the post‐irradiation development of countable endogenous spleen colonies in spleens transplanted intraperitoneally 6 weeks prior to X‐irradiation of the host. We have further demonstrated countable exogenous spleen colonies on spleen grafts transplanted prior to the irradiation of the host and the injection of bone‐marrow cells.

Although autografted spleens in irradiated recipients did not attain their presplenectomy mass, the number of colony forming units (CFU)/105 injected cells assayed after irradiation and bone‐marrow cell injection was about the same as in sham‐splenectomized mice. Isografted spleens in sham‐splenectomized mice were much smaller than the host or autografted spleens and the number of CFU/105 injected cells assayed per isograft was only 25–33 % of that observed in host mice.
The Induction of Chromosome Abnormalities by Melphalan in Rat Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Wantzin Gunhild Lange , Jensen Mogens Krogh
Published: August 2010

The cytogenetic effect of melphalan was studied in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats in vivo. Melphalan produces structural aberrations of the chromatid and chromosome type, whereas no numerical aberrations were seen. The proportion of abnormal metaphases varied with the period that had elapsed since the administration of melphalan. Repeated large doses of melphalan were not able to produce permanent damage to the chromosome complement.
Blood Lymphocytes in Hodgkin's Disease Increase of B‐Lymphocytes Following Extended Field Irradiation
Authors: Engeset Arnfinn , Fröland Stig S. , Bremer Karl , Høst Herman
Published: August 2010

The percentage of B‐lymphocytes in peripheral blood has been investigated in 23 patients with Hodgkin's disease. About 2/3 of the patients were untreated. The others had been given extended field irradiation 5–36 months previously. Membrane‐bound immunoglobulin was utilized as a marker of B‐lymphocytes.

In the untreated group about 1/2 of the patients were lymphocytopenic. The fraction of B‐lymphocytes was the same as has been found in healthy controls, which was on the average about 10 % of the blood lymphocytes. In the irradiated group the peripheral lymphocyte counts were normal. The fraction of B‐lymphocytes was considerably increased and comprised on the average about 34%.
Quantitation of Plasma Fibrinogen in the Presence of Fibrinogen Degradation Products
Authors: Arnesen Harald
Published: August 2010

Three methods for fibrinogen determination in plasma were compared as to their reliability in the presence of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). The method of Clauss gave erroneously low values, the semiquantitative method of Schneider was less influenced by FDP, whereas the method of Jacobsson gave fairly accurate results. Additional experiments suggested that dilution of the test plasma was responsible for the very low values obtained with the method of Clauss, whereas the final pH of 6.4 in the method of Jacobsson was found to be critical for the limited effect of FDP in this assay.
The Effect of Iron and Folic Acid Therapy on Combined Iron and Folate Deficiency Anaemia: The Results of a Clinical Trial
Authors: Izak G. , Levy Sh. , Rachmilewitz M. , Grossowicz N.
Published: August 2010

Pregnant women with anaemia due to combined iron and folate deficiencies were randomly divided into 3 groups receiving either combination therapy with iron and pteroylglutamic acid, or treatment with iron or pteroylglutamic acid olone. A fourth group of pregnant women with levels of Hb above 10 g/100 ml received placebo. Combined iron and folate administration resulted in a marked therapeutic response, while mild or insignificant improvement was associated with either iron or folic acid teratment alone. The Hb concentration of the women receiving placebo dropped gradually in most instances.

The results reported here suggest that in populations with a high prevalence of iron and folate deficiencies both these compounds should be supplied in order to prevent anaemia.

The possible causal relationship between iron and folate deficiencies are discussed in the light of the present results and relevant literature.
Hypergranular Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia with Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Stavem Per
Published: August 2010

The variant of acute myeloid leukaemia with heavy granulation and often Auer rods in faggots has been shown by previous workers to be regularly accompanied by intravascular coagulation, with a severe haemorrhagic tendency. Only one such case was found among our 45 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia observed during the last two years.

On the other hand, an additional 7 of our 45 patients had an equally high number of granulated primitive cells in the bone marrow, but the granules were fairly light, and there were not Auer rods in faggots. These patients with the light granulations, did not show the severe haemorrhagic tendency.

It is suggested that the variant with heavy granules and Auer rods in faggots should be termed hypergranular acute promyelocytic leukaemia. The cases having a large number of promyelocytes with light granulation, probably do not warrant any special classification and should remain with the ‘classical’ type or myelomonocytic type, respectively.
The NBT Test Using Venous and Capillary Blood
Authors: Björkstén Bengt
Published: August 2010

NBT tests performed on simultaneously drawn venous and capillary blood from 56 patients showed a considerably lower proportion of NBT positive neutrophils in capillary blood than in venous blood. The presence of serum was necessary for the NBT test to function and fresh serum was more efficient than inactivated serum. Haemolysed blood reduced the proportion of NBT positive neutrophils and this may explain, at least in part, the observed difference between venous and capillary blood.
Aplastic Anaemia Complicating Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Mir M. A. , Delamore I.W.
Published: August 2010

A case‐report of a patient with infectious mononucleosis is presented who developed aplastic anaemia and acute appendicitis during the course of the illness. The appendicitis progressed to the formation of an abscess which was evacuated at operation. Complete remission of the aplastic anaemia followed treatment with prednisolone.
Heterogeneity of Enzymes in Leukaemic Eosinophils
Authors: Pajdak Wladyslaw , Lisiewicz Jerzy
Published: August 2010

Isoenzymic patterns of 12 enzymes were investigated in extracts of eosinophils isolated from the peripheral blood of a patient with eosinophilic leukaemia using the poly‐acrylamide gel electrophoresis technique. The following enzymes were separated into at least two bands in either alkaline (pH 8.5) or acid (pH 4.5) pH: alpha‐naphthyl‐phosphate phosphatase, alpha‐glycero‐phosphate phosphatase, beta‐glycero‐phosphate‐phosphatase, phospho‐enolo‐pyruvate phosphatase, glucose‐1‐phosphate phosphatase, glucose‐6‐phosphate phosphatase, fructose‐6‐phosphate phosphatase, non specific esterase, lactic dehydrogenase, alpha‐glycero‐phosphate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase, acid ribonuclease. The acid phosphatases investigated exhibited differences in the substrate specifity. Phospho‐enolo‐pyruvate phosphatase show additional band of the phosphatase activity if compared with that demonstrated using other phosphatase substrates.
IgM‐Producing Lymphocytes in Peripheral Nerve in a Patient with Benign Monoclonal Gammopathy
Authors: Forssman Olof , Björkman Gunnar , Hollender Anders , Englund Nils‐Erik
Published: August 2010

This is the first case, hitherto described, of benign essential gammopathy, presenting symptoms and histological evidence of peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore, in no previous case, has a specific localization of immunoglobulin (type IgM) to the areas of nerves involved by the lymphocytes been demonstrated. After six months' treatment with chlorambucil the neurological symptoms disappeared and in a biopsy from the right n saphenus no endoneural lymphocytes or local IgM could be found.
Kinetic Distinction of Two Mechanisms for Platelet Retention
Authors: Cronberg Stig , Holmberg Lars
Published: August 2010

The influence of several parameters was investigated using modifications of the platelet retention method of Bowie. The results indicated two mechanisms for platelet retention. In von Willebrand's disease platelets were retained in a random manner by increasing the contact time of the platelets. This process was a slow constant retention which in normal individuals was superseded by the appearance of an aggregating principle that rather suddenly markedly increased the platelet retention. This accelerated retention did not occur in the patients with von Willebrand's disease. It appeared faster in columns of long length but was independent of the rate of flow, the amount of blood passed through and the contact time of the platelets. The accelerating principle was probably identical with or closely related to the von Willebrand factor in plasma.
Fibrin Deposits in the Kiil Dialyser
Authors: Björnson J. , Kierulf P. , Eika C. , Godal H. C.
Published: August 2010

In patients with chronic renal failure on intermittent haemodialysis, fibrin‐like material was deposited in several parts of the dialyser in spite of heparinization to give a whole blood clotting time of more than 60 min. Immunochemically the deposited material contained fibrinogen‐fibrin related antigens (FR‐antigens). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) demonstrated γ‐γ‐dimers and a‐polymers, indicating that the deposited material consisted of fibrin, crosslinked by factor XIII.