bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling Multi-Scenario Ecological Network Patterns and Dynamic Spatial Conservation Priorities in Mining Areas
Authors: Zhang Wanqiu , Jiang Zeru , Dai Huayang , Lin Gang , Liu Kun , Yan Ruiwen , Zhu Yuanhao
Published: July 2024

Mining activities have significantly altered the land use patterns of mining areas, exacerbated the degree of landscape fragmentation, and thereby led to the loss of biodiversity. Ecological networks have been recognized as an essential component for enhancing habitat connectivity and protecting biodiversity. However, existing studies lack dynamic analysis at the landscape scale under multiple future scenarios for mining areas, which is adverse to the identification of ecological conservation regions. This study used the MOP-PLUS (multi-objective optimization problem and patch-level land use simulation) model to simulate the land use patterns in the balance of ecology and economy (EEB) scenario and ecological development priority (EDP) scenario for the Shendong coal base. Then, climate change and land use patterns were integrated into ecosystem models to analyze the dynamic changes in the ecological networks. Finally, the conservation priorities were constructed, and dynamic conservation hotspots were identified using landscape mapping methods. The following results were obtained: (1) From 2000 to 2020, large grassland areas were replaced by mining areas, while cultivated land was replenished. By 2030, the forest and grassland areas (967.00 km2, 8989.70 km2) will reach their peaks and the coal mine area (356.15 km2) will reach its nadir in the EDP scenario. (2) The fragmentation of ecological sources intensified (MPS decreased from 19.81 km2 to 18.68 km2) and ecological connectivity declined (in particular, α decreased by 6.58%) from 2000 to 2020. In 2030, the connectivity in the EDP scenario will increase, while the connectivity in the EEB scenario will be close to that of 2020. (3) The central and southeastern parts of the Shendong coal base have higher conservation priorities, which urgently need to be strengthened. This study offers guidance on addressing the challenges of habitat and biodiversity conservation in mining areas.
Prevalence and Quality of Life in Patients with Lymphoedema following Axillary Clearance for Breast and Cutaneous Malignancies
Authors: Kim Tae Hyun , Adamson Sarah R. , Lim Pelicia , Tran Kevin , Nguyen Kevin , Neoh Derek , Loh Su Wen , Ng Sally
Published: July 2024

Lymphoedema is a potential adversity following axillary clearance, which is frequently performed in the setting of surgery for breast cancer or cutaneous malignancies of the upper limb. Often underestimated, lymphoedema can lead to debilitating symptoms which may decrease overall health-related quality of life. A retrospective cohort study was undertaken on 73 patients who underwent axillary clearance for breast and cutaneous malignancies from 2011 to 2021 at a tertiary centre in Melbourne, Australia. Bilateral upper limb circumference measurement was used to identify the prevalence of lymphoedema in this population. The lymphoedema quality of life (LYMQOL) questionnaire was used to assess the patient’s quality of life. Of 73 patients, 42 (58%) had lymphoedema; 33 (45%) were clinically detected as part of the study, and 9 were diagnosed with lymphoedema prior to our study. Patients with lymphoedema (n = 42) reported worse scores in all LYMQOL domains and the overall quality of life, but only the ‘appearance’ domain showed statistically significant differences in our cohort. These results demonstrate a substantial post-axillary clearance lymphoedema prevalence, without significant impacts on quality of life.
Evaluation of Hardness and Wear of Conventional and Transparent Zirconia Ceramics, Feldspathic Ceramic, Glaze, and Enamel
Authors: Dejak Beata Dorota , Langot Cezary , Krasowski Michal , Klich Marek
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study was to compare the hardness, coefficient of friction, and wear experienced by four different ceramic samples: 3Y-TZP zirconium oxide ceramics—Zi—Ceramill Zi (Amman Girrbach), 5Y-PSZ transparent zirconium oxide ceramics—Zol—Ceramill Zolid (Amman Girrbach), Sak—feldspathic ceramics—Sakura Interaction (Elephant), and Glaze (Amman Girrbach). The Vickers hardness of the samples was measured. Friction tests ball-on-disc were performed between the discs of four ceramics and a zirconia ceramic ball, then a premolar tooth as a counter-sample. The mass loss and the friction coefficients of the ceramic samples were determined. The tooth counter-samples were 3D scanned, and enamel attrition depths and mass were measured. The following hardness values (HV1) were obtained: 1454 ± 46 HV1 for Zi, 1439 ± 62 HV1 for Zol, 491 ± 16 HV1 for Sak, 593 ± 16 HV1 for Glaze, and 372 ± 41 HV1 for enamel. The mass losses of the teeth in contact with ceramics were 0.1 mg for Zi, 0.1 mg for Zol, 5.5 mg for Sak, and 4 mg for Glaze. Conventional and transparent zirconium oxide ceramics are four times harder than enamel and three times harder than veneering ceramics. Zirconia ceramics exhibit lower wear and a more homogenous, smoother surface than the other ceramics. Tooth tissues are subject to greater attrition in contact with veneering ceramics than with polished zirconium oxide ceramics.
Learning Effective Good Variables from Physical Data
Authors: Barletta Giulio , Trezza Giovanni , Chiavazzo Eliodoro
Published: July 2024

We assume that a sufficiently large database is available, where a physical property of interest and a number of associated ruling primitive variables or observables are stored. We introduce and test two machine learning approaches to discover possible groups or combinations of primitive variables, regardless of data origin, being it numerical or experimental: the first approach is based on regression models, whereas the second on classification models. The variable group (here referred to as the new effective good variable) can be considered as successfully found when the physical property of interest is characterized by the following effective invariant behavior: in the first method, invariance of the group implies invariance of the property up to a given accuracy; in the other method, upon partition of the physical property values into two or more classes, invariance of the group implies invariance of the class. For the sake of illustration, the two methods are successfully applied to two popular empirical correlations describing the convective heat transfer phenomenon and to the Newton’s law of universal gravitation.
The Uncharted Territories of Esophageal Cancer with Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hassanain Hala , Hassanain Omar , Abdelrahim Maen
Published: July 2024

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) comprises 1% of all diagnosed cancers in the USA. It is more common in other parts of the world. If there is distant metastasis, the relative survival rate is 6%. There are no standardized screening methods for EC. Case Presentation: We reported a four-year case of esophageal cancer, a P53-positive mutation with atypical distant metastasis to the cardiac and skeletal muscles. The patient was managed with multimodal therapy, including immunotherapy, which could have been a factor in prolonged survival. Conclusions: Distant metastases are typically seen postmortem, and with prolonged survival, we are able to find such unique metastases antemortem. Despite a history of negative scans, the patient’s ctDNA (circulating tumor DNA) remained positive, which was a better predictor of recurrence in this case. Future research is required to establish cost-effective screening methods and standardized treatments.
Assessing Drought Vulnerability in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Using High-Frequency Data
Authors: Chaves Mahelvson Bazilio , Farias Pereira Fábio , Rivera Escorcia Claudia , Cavalcante Nathacha
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the exposure of plant species to extreme drought events in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, employing an extensive dataset collected from 205 automatic weather stations across the region. Meteorological indicators derived from hourly data, encompassing precipitation and maximum and minimum air temperature, were utilized to quantify past, current, and future drought conditions. The dataset, comprising 10,299,236 data points, spans a substantial temporal window and exhibits a modest percentage of missing data. Missing data were excluded from analysis, aligning with the decision to refrain from using imputation methods due to potential bias. Drought quantification involved the computation of the aridity index, the analysis of consecutive hours without precipitation, and the classification of wet and dry days per month. Mann–Kendall trend analysis was applied to assess trends in evapotranspiration and maximum air temperature, considering their significance. The hazard assessment, incorporating environmental factors influencing tree growth dynamics, facilitated the ranking of meteorological indicators to identify regions most exposed to drought events. The results revealed consistent occurrences of extreme rainfall events, indicated by positive outliers in monthly precipitation values. However, significant trends were observed, including an increase in daily maximum temperature and consecutive hours without precipitation, coupled with a decrease in daily precipitation across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. No significant correlation between vulnerability ranks and weather station latitudes and elevation were found, suggesting that geographical location and elevation do not strongly influence observed dryness trends.
Investigating Dynamic Behavior in SAG Mill Pebble Recycling Circuits: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Li Haijie , Asbjörnsson Gauti , Bhadani Kanishk , Evertsson Magnus
Published: July 2024

The dynamics of milling circuits, particularly those involving Semi-Autogenous Grinding (SAG) mills, are not adequately studied, despite their critical importance in mineral processing. This paper aims to investigate the dynamic behavior of an SAG mill pebble recycling circuit under varying feed ore conditions, focusing on both uncontrollable parameters (such as ore hardness) and controllable parameters (including circuit layout and pebble crusher configurations). The study is carried out with Simulink dynamic simulations. Our findings reveal several key insights. Firstly, plant designs based solely on static simulations may not be adequate for large or complex circuits, as they fail to account for the dynamic nature of milling processes. Second, incorporating stockpiles after pebble crushing can effectively mitigate the impact of dynamic fluctuations, leading to more stable circuit performance. Third, different circuit layouts can facilitate easier maintenance and operational flexibility. Notably, finer pebble crushing can enhance circuit throughput by 5% to 10%.
AscentAM: A Software Tool for the Thermo-Mechanical Process Simulation of Form Deviations and Residual Stresses in Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser Beam
Authors: Goetz Dominik , Panzer Hannes , Wolf Daniel , Bayerlein Fabian , Spachtholz Josef , Zaeh Michael F.
Published: July 2024

Due to the tool-less fabrication of parts and the high degree of geometric design freedom, additive manufacturing is experiencing increasing relevance for various industrial applications. In particular, the powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M) process allows for the metal-based manufacturing of complex parts with high mechanical properties. However, residual stresses form during PBF-LB/M due to high thermal gradients and a non-uniform cooling. These lead to a distortion of the parts, which reduces the dimensional accuracy and increases the amount of post-processing necessary to meet the defined requirements. To predict the resulting residual stress state and distortion prior to the actual PBF-LB/M process, this paper presents the finite-element-based simulation tool AscentAM with its core module and several sub-modules. The tool is based on open-source programs and utilizes a sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical simulation, in which the significant influences of the manufacturing process are considered by their physical relations. The simulation entirely emulates the PBF-LB/M process chain including the heat treatment. In addition, algorithms for the part pre-deformation and the export of a machine-specific file format were implemented. The simulation results were verified, and an experimental validation was performed for two benchmark geometries with regard to their distortion. The application of the optimization sub-module significantly minimized the form deviation from the nominal geometry. A high level of accuracy was observed for the prediction of the distortion at different manufacturing states. The process simulation provides an important contribution to the first-time-right manufacturing of parts fabricated by the PBF-LB/M process.
Acylhydrazone Derivative A5 Promotes Neurogenesis by Up-Regulating Neurogenesis-Related Genes and Inhibiting Cell-Cycle Progression in Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells
Authors: Xiang Xiaoliang , Jiang Xia , Lin Hongwei , Yu Meixing , Wu Liming , Zhou Rong
Published: July 2024

Adult neurogenesis involves the generation of functional neurons from neural progenitor cells, which have the potential to complement and restore damaged neurons and neural circuits. Therefore, the development of drugs that stimulate neurogenesis represents a promising strategy in stem cell therapy and neural regeneration, greatly facilitating the reconstruction of neural circuits in cases of neurodegeneration and brain injury. Our study reveals that compound A5, previously designed and synthesized by our team, exhibits remarkable neuritogenic activities, effectively inducing neurogenesis in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Subsequently, transcriptome analysis using high-throughput Illumina RNA-seq technology was performed to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which Compound A5 promotes neurogenesis. Notably, comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly associated with neurogenesis, and the down-regulated genes were mainly concerned with cell cycle progression. Furthermore, we confirmed that Compound A5 significantly affected the expression of transcription factors related to neurogenesis and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Collectively, these findings identify a new compound with neurogenic activity and may provide insights into drug discovery for neural repair and regeneration.
Synthesis of Sulfur Vacancy-Bearing In2S3/CuInS2 Microflower Heterojunctions via a Template-Assisted Strategy and Cation-Exchange Reaction for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Liao Aizhen , Liu Zhengchu , Wei Yiqing , Xie Qinghua , Kong Ting , Zeng Maolin , Wang Wenpeng , Yang Chao , Zhang Linji , Xu Yonggang , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang
Published: July 2024

The synthesis of the accurate composition and morphological/structural design of multielement semiconductor materials is considered an effective strategy for obtaining high-performance hybrid photocatalysts. Herein, sulfur vacancy (Vs)-bearing In2S3/CuInS2 microflower heterojunctions (denoted Vs-In2S3/CuInS2) were formed in situ using In2S3 microsphere template-directed synthesis and a metal ion exchange-mediated growth strategy. Photocatalysts with flower-like microspheres can be obtained using hydrothermally synthesized In2S3 microspheres as a template, followed by Ostwald ripening growth during the metal cation exchange of Cu+ and In3+. The optimal heterostructured Vs-In2S3/CuInS2 microflowers exhibited CO and CH4 evolution rates of 80.3 and 11.8 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively, under visible-light irradiation; these values are approximately 4 and 6.8 times higher than those reported for pristine In2S3, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the Vs-In2S3/CuInS2 catalysts could be attributed to the synergistic effects of the following factors: (i) the constructed heterojunctions accelerate charge-carrier separation; (ii) the flower-like microspheres exhibit highly uniform morphologies and compositions, which enhance electron transport and light harvesting; and (iii) the vs. may trap excited electrons and, thus, inhibit charge-carrier recombination. This study not only confirms the feasibility of the design of heterostructures on demand, but also presents a simple and efficient strategy to engineer metal sulfide photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic performance.
Rate-Dependent Stability and Electrochemical Behavior of Na3NiZr(PO4)3 in Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Tayoury Marwa , Chari Abdelwahed , Aqil Mohamed , Idrissi Adil Sghiouri , El Bendali Ayoub , Alami Jones , Tamraoui Youssef , Dahbi Mouad
Published: July 2024

In advancing sodium-ion battery technology, we introduce a novel application of Na3NiZr(PO4)3 with a NASICON structure as an anode material. This research unveils, for the first time, its exceptional ability to maintain high specific capacity and unprecedented cycle stability under extreme current densities up to 1000 mA·g−1, within a low voltage window of 0.01–2.5 V. The core of our findings lies in the material’s remarkable capacity retention and stability, which is a leap forward in addressing long-standing challenges in energy storage. Through cutting-edge in situ/operando X-ray diffraction analysis, we provide a perspective on the structural evolution of Na3NiZr(PO4)3 during operation, offering deep insights into the mechanisms that underpin its superior performance.
Size-Dependent Thresholds in CuO Nanowires: Investigation of Growth from Microstructured Thin Films for Gas Sensing
Authors: Maier Christian , Leitgeb Verena , Egger Larissa , Köck Anton
Published: July 2024

An experimental characterization of cupric oxide nanowire (CuO NW) growth from thermally oxidized, microstructured Cu thin films is performed. We have systematically studied the influence of the thickness and dimension of Cu layers on the synthesis of CuO NW. The objective was to determine the optimum Cu geometries for increased CuO NWs growth to bridge the gap between adjacent Cu structures directly on the chip for gas sensing applications. Thresholds for CuO-NW growth regarding film thickness and lateral dimensions are identified based on SEM images. For a film thickness of 560 nm, NWs with lengths > 500 nm start to grow from the edges of Cu structures with an area ≥ 4 µm2. NWs growing from the upper surface were observed for an area ≥ 16 µm2. NW growth between adjacent thermally oxidized thin films was analyzed. The study provides information on the most relevant parameters of CuO NWs growth, which is mandatory for integrating CuO NWs as gas sensor components directly on microchips. Based on this result, the gap size of the structure was varied to find the optimum value of 3 µm.
Does Microbiome Matter in Chronic Intestinal Failure Due to Type 1 Short Bowel Syndrome in Adults?
Authors: Ossola Marta , Ferrocino Ilario , Franciosa Irene , Aimasso Umberto , Cravero Leila , Bonciolini Ambra , Cardenia Vladimiro , Merlo Fabio Dario , Anrò Marta , Chiarotto Alessia , Bosa Clara , Cocolin Luca , Bo Simona
Published: July 2024

The exact microbiome composition and function of patients with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) and Chronic Intestinal Failure (CIF) are still unknown. Patients with type I SBS-CIF (end-jejunostomy/ileostomy) are little represented in available studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microbiome characteristics of adult type 1 SBS-CIF patients according to their clinical features. Fecal microbiota was studied by amplicon-based sequencing and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were assessed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 44 adult type 1 SBS-CIF patients were enrolled. At the family level, Lactobacillaceae (38% of the relative frequency) and Streptococcaceae (24%) were predominant; at the genus level, Streptococcus (38% of the relative frequency) and Lactobacillus (24%) were the dominant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Patients with increased stomal output showed higher ASVs for Lactobacillus (Rho = +0.38; p = 0.010), which was confirmed after adjusting for small bowel length (OR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.07, p = 0.023). Hyperphagia was associated with higher concentrations of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) esters, such as butanoic acid ethyl ester (p = 0.005) and hexanoic acid ethyl ester (p = 0.004). Dietary fiber intake was directly correlated with most VOCs. Hyperphagia was associated with dietary fiber, after adjusting for small bowel length (OR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.01–1.81; p = 0.040). In type 1 SBS-CIF patients, a greater frequency of Lactobacilli was associated with increased stomal outputs, while increased fiber intake and concentrations of SCFA esters were associated with hyperphagia. These results might have implications for clinical practice.
Impact of Serum Amyloid A Protein in the Human Breast: An In Vitro Study
Authors: de Siqueira Carolina Dumke , Silva Fátima Regina Mena Barreto , Borges Leandro , de Moraes Ana Carolina Rabello , Hatanaka Elaine , Filippin-Monteiro Fabíola Branco
Published: July 2024

The mammary gland is an exocrine gland whose main function is to produce milk. Breast morphogenesis begins in the embryonic period; however, its greatest development takes place during the lactation period. Studies have found the expression of serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in both breast cells and breast milk, yet the function of this protein in these contexts remains unknown. Insufficient milk production is one of the most frequent reasons for early weaning, a problem that can be related to the mother, the newborn, or both. This study aims to investigate the relationship between lactogenesis II (the onset of milk secretion) and the role of SAA in the human breast. To this end, mammary epithelial cell cultures were evaluated for the expression of SAA and the influence of various cytokines. Additionally, we sought to assess the activation pathway through which SAA acts in the breast, its glucose uptake capacity, and the morphological changes induced by SAA treatment. SAA expression was observed in mammary epithelial cells; however, it was not possible to establish its activation pathway, as treatments with inhibitors of the ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and PI3K pathways did not alter its expression. This study demonstrated that SAA can stimulate IL-6 expression, inhibit glucose uptake, and cause morphological changes in the cells, indicative of cellular stress. These mechanisms could potentially contribute to early breastfeeding cessation due to reduced milk production and breast involution.
Evaluation of the Perceived Benefits of a Peer Support Group for People with Mental Health Problems
Authors: Beard David , Cottam Charlie , Painter Jon
Published: July 2024

This paper reports on a service evaluation of PeerTalk, a nationwide charity that organises and facilitates peer support groups for individuals with depression. Therefore, the aim was to gather and synthesise benefits perceived by support group attendees. Thematic analysis was undertaken following the collection of data from two group interviews comprising PeerTalk support group attendees. Once those data were analysed, five key themes emerged: (1) talking/listening, (2) socialising, (3) contrast with other services, (4) personal benefits, and (5) structure and accessibility. Two further minor themes were also identified: (6) wider benefits and (7) areas for development that could lead to overall improvements to the service. PeerTalk’s support groups provide multiple opportunities for attendees to meet others who have similar experiences within an environment that does not require formal engagement or commitment. Those that attend find benefit from supporting others and socialising within the group. These benefits are complementary to mainstream services that they may concurrently be involved with, rather than replacing or hindering them. Peer support groups can therefore provide a resource for healthcare professionals to which they can direct individuals who may feel benefit from engaging with other individuals with similar experiences. Sheffield Hallam University granted ethics approval for the study (ER:59716880) prior to its commencement (16 February 2024).
Impact of Nurse Manager’s Attributes on Multi-Cultural Nursing Teams: A Scoping Review
Authors: Teixeira Gisela , Lucas Pedro , Gaspar Filomena
Published: July 2024

Background: As global migration increases, nurse managers’ effectiveness in multi-cultural nursing work environments is crucial due to the rising cultural diversity within healthcare teams. Despite the increasing international recruitment of qualified nurses to address the worldwide nursing shortage, no studies have synthesised the impact of nurse managers’ attributes on nurses in multi-cultural nursing teams. Therefore, it was conducted a literature review aimed to synthesise the available literature on how nurse managers’ personality traits, competencies, behaviours, and leadership styles influence nurse outcomes in multi-cultural nursing teams. Methods: Scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to map the relationship or influence of nurse managers’ personality traits, competencies, behaviours, and leadership styles on the outcomes of nurses in multi-cultural settings across various clinical environments. Searches were conducted across electronic databases such as CINAHL and MEDLINE, along with grey literature. Results: This review included 39 studies, highlighting 29 personality traits, 9 competencies, 115 behaviours, and 5 leadership styles that impact nurses’ outcomes. Key findings emphasise the importance of nurse managers being supportive, culturally competent, and effective communicators, with transformational leadership style being particularly beneficial. Conclusions: These findings provide insights for planning and developing training programmes to equip current and future nurse managers with skills to effectively lead in multi-cultural care settings.
Pathogenicity Differentiation of Fusarium spp. Causing Fusarium Basal Rot and Wilt Disease in Allium spp.
Authors: Sakane Kosei , Ueno Takashi , Shigyo Masayoshi , Sasaki Kazunori , Ito Shin-ichi
Published: July 2024

Here, 12 Fusarium strains, previously described as F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc), were examined via multi-locus sequencing of calmodulin (cmdA), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), to verify the taxonomic position of Foc in the newly established epitype of F. oxysporum. The strains in this study were divided into two clades: F. nirenbergiae and Fusarium sp. To further determine the host specifications of the strains, inoculation tests were performed on onion bulbs and Welsh onion seedlings as potential hosts. Four strains (AC145, AP117, Ru-13, and TA) isolated from diseased onions commonly possessed the secreted in xylem (SIX)-3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, and 14 genes and were pathogenic and highly aggressive to onion bulbs, whereas all strains except for one strain (AF97) caused significant inhibition of Welsh onion growth. The inoculation test also revealed that the strains harboring the SIX9 gene were highly aggressive to both onion and Welsh onion and the gene was expressed during infection of both onions and Welsh onions, suggesting the important role of the SIX9 gene in pathogenicity. This study provides insights into the evolutionary pathogenicity differentiation of Fusarium strains causing Fusarium basal rot and wilt diseases in Allium species.
Age-Matched Comparative Analysis of Binocular Vision Anomalies among Children with Dyslexia in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Mukhtar Ismail Salma , Ezinne Ngozika Esther , Mohamad Shahimin Mizhanim , Mohd-Ali Bariah , Oghre Eki , Zeried Ferial M. , Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi
Published: July 2024

Background: Dyslexia, a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting reading skills, poses significant challenges to children’s academic performance and quality of life. Despite its rising prevalence and adverse effects, understanding of its relationship with vision anomalies remains limited, particularly in low-resource settings like Nigeria. This study aims to assess the prevalence of binocular vision anomalies (BVAs) among children with and without dyslexia in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: This is a hospital-based, cross-sectional, matched-paired, controlled study conducted at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) Eye Clinic in Northern Nigeria. The study included school children who visited the AKTH Eye Clinic from January 2018 to December 2022. Visual acuity tests, external eye examinations and accommodative, binocular vision and oculomotor skills tests were conducted. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests and Fisher’s exact tests were conducted, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Forty-four children aged 12 ± 2 years participated. Children with dyslexia reported higher rates of visual symptoms than those without dyslexia, Blurring vision, visual distortion and eye strain were the most prevalent (p < 0.05) BV symptoms. Accommodative insufficiency), was the most common visual abnormality, and was significantly higher in children with dyslexia than those without dyslexia (45.5% vs. 18.2%). However, other visual anomalies showed no significant difference between groups. There was a high prevalence of binocular vision anomalies in both groups. Binocular test findings showed dyslexic children had significantly lower distance positive fusional vergence recovery values (p = 0.005). All cases of convergence insufficiency alone were found in the non-dyslexic group. Conclusions: The study found that children with dyslexia residing in Northern Nigeria demonstrated higher rates of visual symptoms, more accommodative insufficiency and lower distance positive fusional vergence recovery values compared to their non-dyslexic counterparts.
Psychopathological and Organic Features of Atypical Anorexia Nervosa in Developmental Age: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pruccoli Jacopo , Chiavarino Francesca , Valeriani Beatrice , Petio Maria Letizia , Parmeggiani Antonia
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively report the epidemiological and clinical features of atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) in children and adolescents. Methods: In May 2024, a systematic review was performed using Medline, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and relevant websites. Following PRISMA guidelines, 234 articles were screened for studies on DSM-5-defined AAN. A standardized checklist—the JBI critical appraisal tool—was adopted in assessing methodology, and 13 retained studies passed the screening and critical appraisal process for the final review. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was utilized to assess the risk of bias in cohort and case–control studies, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of methodological quality. Results: AAN prevalence in young age groups is 2.8%, with a cumulative 2.8% incidence over 8 years. Incidence is 366 per 100,000 person-years, and the average episode duration is 11.6 months, with a 71% remission rate. Diagnostic persistence for AAN is less stable than other restrictive feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). AAN individuals exhibit higher EDE-Q scores, more severe distress, and distinct BMI differences compared to those with anorexia nervosa and controls. The diagnostic transition from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5 shows that AAN patients are predominantly female, slightly older, and with higher weight. Conclusions: This study yields concrete insights into the features of AAN in the developmental age, highlighting demographic variations, clinical presentations, and treatment outcomes. Recognizing the unique challenges faced by AAN individuals is vital for tailoring effective interventions and improving overall care within the FED spectrum.
Roles of Two-Dimensional Materials in Antibiofilm Applications: Recent Developments and Prospects
Authors: Xin Lei , Zhao Hongkun , Peng Min , Zhu Yuanjie
Published: July 2024

Biofilm-associated infections pose a significant challenge in healthcare, constituting 80% of bacterial infections and often leading to persistent, chronic conditions. Conventional antibiotics struggle with efficacy against these infections due to the high tolerance and resistance induced by bacterial biofilm barriers. Two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as those from the graphene family, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), MXene, and black phosphorus, hold immense potential for combating biofilms. These nanomaterial-based antimicrobial strategies are novel tools that show promise in overcoming resistant bacteria and stubborn biofilms, with the ability to circumvent existing drug resistance mechanisms. This review comprehensively summarizes recent developments in two-dimensional nanomaterials, as both therapeutics and nanocarriers for precision antibiotic delivery, with a specific focus on nanoplatforms coupled with photothermal/photodynamic therapy in the elimination of bacteria and penetrating and/or ablating biofilm. This review offers important insight into recent advances and current limitations of current antibacterial nanotherapeutic approaches, together with a discussion on future developments in the field, for the overall benefit of public health.
The Increase in the Plasticity of Microcrystalline Cellulose Spheres’ When Loaded with a Plasticizer
Authors: Paulausks Artūrs , Kolisnyk Tetiana , Mohylyuk Valentyn
Published: July 2024

Compaction pressure can induce an undesirable solid-state polymorphic transition in drugs, fragmentation, loss of coated pellet integrity, and the decreased viability and vitality of microorganisms. Thus, the excipients with increased plasticity can be considered as an option to decrease the undesirable effects of compaction pressure. This study aims to increase the plasticity (to reduce the mean yield pressure; Py) of dried microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by loading it with a specially selected plasticizer. Diethyl citrate (DEC), water, and glycerol were the considered plasticizers. Computation of solubility parameters was used to predict the miscibility of MCC with plasticizers (possible plasticization effect). Plasticizer-loaded MCC spheres with 5.0 wt.% of water, 5.2 wt.% of DEC, and 4.2 wt.% glycerol were obtained via the solvent method, followed by solvent evaporation. Plasticizer-loaded formulations were characterised by TGA, DSC, pXRD, FTIR, pressure-displacement profiles, and in-die Heckel plots. Py was derived from the in-die Heckel analysis and was used as a plasticity parameter. In comparison with non-plasticized MCC (Py = 136.5 MPa), the plasticity of plasticizer-loaded formulations increased (and Py decreased) from DEC (124.7 MPa) to water (106.6 MPa) and glycerol (99.9 MPa), and that was in full accordance with the predicted miscibility likeliness order based on solubility parameters. Therefore, water and glycerol were able to decrease the Py of non-plasticized MCC spheres by 16.3 and 30.0%, respectively. This feasibility study showed the possibility of modifying the plasticity of MCC by loading it with a specially selected plasticizer.
Synthesis of Metallic and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Homopolymers as Solid Templates: Luminescent Properties of the Eu+3 Nanoparticle Products
Authors: Cortés María Ángeles , Díaz Carlos , de la Campa Raquel , Presa-Soto Alejandro , Valenzuela María Luisa
Published: July 2024

Starting from poly(4-vinylpyridine) ((P4VP)n), poly(2-vinylpyridine) ((P2VP)n), and [N=P(O2CH2CF3)]m-b-P2VP20 block copolymers, a series of metal-containing homopolymers, (P4VP)n⊕MXm, (P2VP)n⊕MXm, and [N=P(O2CH2CF3)]m-b-P2VP20]⊕MXm MXm = PtCl2, ZnCl2, and Eu(NO3)3, have been successfully prepared by using a direct and simple solution methodology. Solid-state pyrolysis of the prepared metal-containing polymeric precursors led to the formation of a variety of different metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (Pt, ZnO, Eu2O3, and EuPO4) depending on the composition and nature of the polymeric template precursor. Thus, whereas Eu2O3 nanostructures were obtained from europium-containing homopolymers ((P4VP)n⊕MXm and (P2VP)n⊕MXm), EuPO4 nanostructures were achieved using phosphorus-containing block copolymer precursors, [N=P(O2CH2CF3)]m-b-P2VP20]⊕MXm with MXm = Eu(NO3)3. Importantly, and although both Eu2O3 and EuPO4 nanostructures exhibited a strong luminescence emission, these were strongly influenced by the nature and composition of the macromolecular metal-containing polymer template. Thus, for P2VP europium-containing homopolymers ((P4VP)n⊕MXm and (P2VP)n⊕MXm), the highest emission intensity corresponded to the lowest-molecular-weight homopolymer template, [P4VP(Eu(NO3)3]6000, whereas the opposite behavior was observed when block copolymer precursors, [N=P(O2CH2CF3)]m-b-P2VP20]⊕MXm MXm= Eu(NO3)3, were used (highest emission intensity corresponded to [N=P(O2CH2CF3)]100-b-[P2VP(Eu(NO3)3)x]20). The intensity ratio of the emission transitions: 5D0 → 7F2/5D0 → 7F1, suggested a different symmetry around the Eu3+ ions depending on the nature of the polymeric precursor, which also influenced the sizes of the prepared Pt°, ZnO, Eu2O3, and EuPO4 nanostructures.
Wild-Edible Allium Species from Highlands of Eastern Anatolia: Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Biological Activities
Authors: Mukemre Muzaffer
Published: July 2024

This study presents the phytochemical composition, antioxidant (hydrogen atom and single-atom transfer mechanisms), and digestive enzyme inhibitory (alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase) activities of ethanol-based extractions and traditional preparations (infusion) of the leaves of wild-edible Allium species (A. kharputense, A. affine, A. shirnakiense, and A. akaka) from the highlands of Eastern Anatolia. Among the eight extracts analyzed, ethanol extractions of the A. kharputense and A. akaka leaves exhibited better biotherapeutic activities and had the highest bioactive content. The dominant bioactive profile was composed of mainly allicin and phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, rutin, isoquercitrin, and quercetin) with small amounts of fatty acids. These data were similar to the biological activities and chemical composition of common Allium species and suggest the utilization of the extracts of wild-edible Allium species in the development of Allium-based biotherapeutics or nutraceuticals.
Self-Healing and Recyclable Polyurethane/Nanocellulose Elastomer Based on the Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Yang Tao , Lin Changhong , Huang Min , Ying Puyou , Zhang Ping , Wu Jianbo , Wang Tianle , Kovalev Alexander , Myshkin Nikolai , Levchenko Vladimir
Published: July 2024

With the background of the fossil fuel energy crisis, the development of self-healing and recyclable polymer materials has become a research hotspot. In this work, a kind of cross-linking agent with pendent furan groups was first prepared and then used to produce the Polyurethane elastomer based on Diels–Alder chemistry (EPU–DA). In addition, in order to further enhance the mechanical properties of the elastomer, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were added into the Polyurethane system to prepare a series of composites with various contents of CNF (wt% = 0.1~0.7). Herein, the FTIR and DSC were used to confirm structure and thermal reversible character. The tensile test also indicated that the addition of CNF increased the mechanical properties compared to the pure Polyurethane elastomer. Due to their reversible DA covalent bonds, the elastomer and composites were recycled under high-temperature conditions, which extends Polyurethane elastomers’ practical applications. Moreover, damaged coating can also be repaired, endowing this Polyurethane material with good potential for application in the field of metal protection.
Current Progress in the Development of Resin Materials with Nanofillers for 3D Printing of Denture Base
Authors: Altarazi Ahmed , Haider Julfikar , Alhotan Abdulaziz , Silikas Nikolaos , Devlin Hugh
Published: July 2024

Background: Advanced manufacturing techniques, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing, use digital models from computer-aided design to produce 3D objects. They are frequently employed in different areas of dentistry, such as orthodontics, oral implantology, and prosthodontics. Purpose: The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of 3D-printing technology for denture bases and explore the influence of incorporating different fillers into 3D-printed denture base resins on their physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching papers published between 2010 and 2023 in several online databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. The main inclusion criteria used during the search was identifying the papers which added nanoparticles in the resin as an agent to bring different functional characteristics within the 3D-printed denture base resin. Furthermore, even though the search criteria were set for finding papers from the past 10 years, development in this field has accelerated in the past 4–5 years. Findings: Various fillers have exhibited promising results in terms of their ability to improve the functional properties of the 3D-printed denture base resins. However, such improvements come at a higher cost with careful resin preparation when considering the filler particles, the fabrication complexities and the extensive post-processing that is required. Conclusions: The use of 3D-printing approaches and fillers to fabricate dentures is associated with significant benefits in terms of imparting functional properties, consistency in fabrication and opportunities for innovation. However, further research is required to acquire a better understanding of the holistic, long-term performance of various filler materials, concentrations, their clinical relevance and particularly the potential health risks from the fillers.
The State, Religion, and Violence in Colonial and Postcolonial Malawi
Authors: Chiudza Banda Paul
Published: July 2024

In the histories of both colonial and postcolonial Malawi, there have been cases of religious-related violence, both in its physical and non-physical forms. Such cases have led to the deaths of the “perpetrators” of violence and ‘innocent’ believers, destruction of property, prison detentions, and even the forced removal of citizens from the country. This paper analyzes two case studies, one in which private citizens perpetrated the violence, led by a preacher called John Chilembwe, of the Providence Industrial Mission (PIM), challenging British colonial authorities during the second decade of the twentieth century. In the second case, the focus is on the independent Malawi government, which used violence against members of the Jehovah’s Witness (JW) religious sect from the early 1960s to the early 1990s, owing to the Witnesses’ disassociation from the demands of the secular state. Using data primarily drawn from various archives and other published studies, this paper argues that the use of ‘religious-based violence’ is not just a domain ‘reserved’ for those experiencing oppression, exclusion, and marginalization. Rather, authoritarian governments, like the one that emerged in postcolonial Malawi and other parts of Africa, also resorted to using ‘religious-based violence’ to serve as a tool for eliminating ‘non-conforming’ religious sects and organizations. In doing so, this paper contributes to the various fields of scholarship, including the relationship between religion and violence in modern Africa and the dynamics and operations of the state in both colonial and postcolonial Africa.
The Common Orientation of Community Psychology and Wonhyo’s Thought: ‘One Mind’, ‘Harmonizing Disputes’ and ‘Non-hindrance’ in Focus
Authors: Kim Taesoo , Kim Dugsam
Published: July 2024

This study aims to relate the emerging field of community psychology with the philosophical thoughts of Wonhyo, a prominent figure in Korean Buddhism, from the aspect of their common orientation, to explore the development of both Buddhist philosophy and psychological research. The integration of modern psychology and Buddhist theory has only recently begun. In community psychology, there is a continuous need for the complementation of theory and case studies, and within Buddhism, there is a need to academically and popularly expand the advantages of Buddhist teachings. Furthermore, this research is believed to significantly contribute to the theory and practice of community problem-solving, which modern society demands. The characteristics of community psychology that differ from previous psychological research are twofold. First, it conducts a balanced examination of individuals and structures, moving away from the individual-centric focus of traditional psychology. Second, it emphasizes practice beyond theory, diverging from the theory-heavy focus of prior studies. Wonhyo’s philosophy is particularly well-suited to these characteristics. In the discussion, the theoretical contributions of Buddhism to community psychology are examined, based on Wonhyo’s philosophy, with a focus on the two main features mentioned above. This includes discussions on Buddhist introspection and the pursuit of enlightenment, grounded in a Mahāyāna perspective of the interdependent nature of the One Dharma world and the Bodhisattva path. The study further explores Wonhyo’s philosophy and practical examples pertinent to community psychology. Specifically, this examination focuses on the community’s psychological characteristics and practical examples demonstrated in Wonhyo’s concepts of ‘One Mind’, ‘Harmonizing Disputes (Hwajaeng)’, and ‘Non-hindrance’, categorizing them into individual and community aspects. Through this research, it is confirmed that the personal cultivation and community contributions of Buddhism are vividly present in Wonhyo’s theory and deeds. Particularly, Wonhyo’s philosophy and actions, embodying the benefits of humanistic and relational Buddhism, are expected to contribute significantly to the problem-solving of modern society and the academic advancement in community psychology.
A Multi-Level Adaptive Lightweight Net for Damaged Road Marking Detection Based on Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Wang Junwei , Zeng Xiangqiang , Wang Yong , Ren Xiang , Wang Dongliang , Qu Wenqiu , Liao Xiaohan , Pan Peifen
Published: July 2024

To tackle the complexity and limited applicability of high-precision segmentation models for damaged road markings, this study proposes a Multi-level Adaptive Lightweight Network (MALNet) based on knowledge distillation. By incorporating multi-scale dilated convolution and adaptive spatial channel attention fusion modules, the MALNet model significantly enhances the precision, integrity, and robustness of its segmentation branch. Furthermore, it employs an intricate knowledge distillation strategy, channeling rich, layered insights from a teacher model to a student model, thus elevating the latter’s segmentation ability. Concurrently, it streamlines the student model by markedly reducing its parameter count and computational demands, culminating in a segmentation network that is both high-performing and pragmatic. Rigorous testing on three distinct data sets for damaged road marking detection—CDM_P (Collective Damaged road Marking—Public), CDM_H (Collective Damaged road Marking—Highways), and CDM_C (Collective Damaged road Marking—Cityroad)—underscores the MALNet model’s superior segmentation abilities across all damage types, outperforming competing models in accuracy and completeness. Notably, the MALNet model excels in parameter efficiency, computational economy, and throughput. After distillation, the student model’s parameters and computational load decrease to only 31.78% and 27.40% of the teacher model’s, respectively, while processing speeds increase to 1.9 times, demonstrating a significant improvement in lightweight design.