bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERACTION TERMS IN POISSON AND LOG LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS
Authors: Shang Shengwu , Nesson Erik , Fan Maoyong
Published: May 2017

This paper develops a difference‐in‐semielasticities (DIS) interpretation for the coefficients of dichotomous variable interaction terms in nonlinear models with exponential conditional mean functions, including but not limited to Poisson, Negative Binomial, and log linear models. We show why these interaction term coefficients cannot be interpreted as a DIS or semielasticity in the same manner as continuous coefficients, which has been overlooked by some empirical researchers. Then we show how interaction terms can be easily transformed into a DIS and derive the asymptotic distribution of this estimator. We illustrate the discrepancy between the interaction term coefficient and the DIS using an empirical example evaluating the relationship between employment, private health insurance and physician office visits. Our results can be applied in treatment effect models when the outcome variable is logged and the dichotomous variables indicating treatment participation and the post‐treatment time period.
Absenteeism in Head Start and Children's Academic Learning
Authors: Ansari Arya , Purtell Kelly M.
Published: May 2017

Using nationally representative data from the Family and Child Experiences Survey 2009 cohort (n = 2,842), this study examined the implications of 3‐ and 4‐year‐old's absences from Head Start for their early academic learning. The findings from this study revealed that children who missed more days of school, and especially those who were chronically absent, demonstrated fewer gains in areas of math and literacy during the preschool year. Moreover, excessive absenteeism was found to detract from the potential benefits of quality preschool education and was especially problematic for the early learning of children who entered the Head Start program with a less developed skill set. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Three‐Year‐Olds’ Reactions to a Partner's Failure to Perform Her Role in a Joint Commitment
Authors: Kachel Ulrike , Svetlova Margarita , Tomasello Michael
Published: May 2017

When children make a joint commitment to collaborate, obligations are created. Pairs of 3‐year‐old children (N = 144) made a joint commitment to play a game. In three different conditions the game was interrupted in the middle either because: (a) the partner child intentionally defected, (b) the partner child was ignorant about how to play, or (c) the apparatus broke. The subject child reacted differently in the three cases, protesting normatively against defection (with emotional arousal and later tattling), teaching when the partner seemed to be ignorant, or simply blaming the apparatus when it broke. These results suggest that 3‐year‐old children are competent in making appropriate normative evaluations of intentions and obligations of collaborative partners.
Look At That! Video Chat and Joint Visual Attention Development Among Babies and Toddlers
Authors: McClure Elisabeth R. , Chentsova‐Dutton Yulia E. , Holochwost Steven J. , Parrott W. G. , Barr Rachel
Published: May 2017

Although many relatives use video chat to keep in touch with toddlers, key features of adult–toddler interaction like joint visual attention (JVA) may be compromised in this context. In this study, 25 families with a child between 6 and 24 months were observed using video chat at home with geographically separated grandparents. We define two types of screen‐mediated JVA (across‐ and within‐screen) and report age‐related increases in the babies’ across‐screen JVA initiations, and that family JVA usage was positively related to babies’ overall attention during video calls. Babies today are immersed in a digital world where formative relationships are often mediated by a screen. Implications for both infant social development and developmental research are discussed.
Extra oral digital scanning and imaging superimposition for volume analysis of bone remodeling after tooth extraction with and without 2 types of particulate porcine mineral insertion: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Barone Antonio , Toti Paolo , Menchini‐Fabris Giovan‐Battista , Derchi Giacomo , Marconcini Simone , Covani Ugo
Published: May 2017

Background

Incorporation of bone substitute material into the extraction socket could minimize the edentulous ridge volume loss or maximize the bone formation within the healing area.

Purpose

The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness in maintaining the volumetric contour of fresh extraction sockets grafted with or without 2 types of porcine biomaterials and covered with a resorbable barrier.

Materials and Methods

In the present multi‐center single‐blind randomized control trial, 55 patients underwent 1‐tooth extraction, were surveyed, and randomly allocated to control‐ (25 sites, nat‐group) or test groups (15 sites grafted with pre‐hydrated collagenated cortico‐cancellous porcine bone, coll‐group, and 15 with cortical porcine bone, cort‐group). Before extraction, and then 4 months later, contours of the sockets were acquired through a laser scanner, voxelized, and ghosts of each patient were superimposed with a matrix laboratory. Volumetric and area evaluations of the virtual superimposed models were performed with dentascan tools to create a volume of interest extending between the 2 residual teeth. Intra‐ and inter‐group comparisons of the outcomes were performed. Non‐parametric tests were applied with a level of significance set at P < .05.

Results

Intergroup analysis at 4 months' survey revealed that percentage loss of alveolar ridge volume of the coll‐group (28.8% ± 8.8%) and of the cort‐group (30.2% ± 7.1%) was significantly lower (P < .0001) than that of the naturally‐healing group (46.4% ± 4.1%). No statistically‐significant differences in outcomes were observed between the 2 test groups at any of the observation periods. Moreover, tooth position (bicuspids vs molars) seemed to affect neither volume loss nor basal shrinkage.

Conclusion

At the 4‐month analysis both test groups showed reduced bone loss when compared to naturally healing sockets. However, the 2 grafting materials were not able to preserve the alveolar crest, and a reduction close to 30% in the estimates was registered after healing.
Epistaxis in anticoagulated patients: Fewer hospital admissions and shorter hospital stays on rivaroxaban compared to phenprocoumon
Authors: Sauter T.C. , Hegazy K. , Hautz W.E. , Krummrey G. , Ricklin M.E. , Nagler M. , Borner U. , Exadaktylos A.K.
Published: May 2017

Objectives

Treatment of epistaxis in patients on anticoagulants is challenging and associated with higher admission rates and longer hospital stays compared with patients without anticoagulation. However, there is little information about epistaxis in patients taking new direct oral anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban compared with patients on traditional vitamin K antagonists such as phenprocoumon.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

The study was conducted at the emergency department of the University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.

Participants

All admissions to the emergency department of the University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland from 1st July 2012 to 30th June 2016 with non‐traumatic epistaxis on anticoagulant therapy with phenprocoumon or rivaroxaban were included.

Main outcome measures

We compared clinical outcome parameters (admission rates, length of hospital stay and mortality) for both anticoagulant groups.

Results

We included 440 patients with epistaxis, 123 (28%) on rivaroxaban and 317 (72%) on phenprocoumon. Fewer hospital admissions and shorter hospital stays were found in patients under rivaroxaban (12 (10.4%) vs 57 (18.0%) patients, P=.033; 0.7±2.2 vs 1.5±3.7 days, P=.011) compared with phenprocoumon. Anterior epistaxis was more common in the rivaroxaban group in contrast to posterior epistaxis in patients on phenprocoumon (74 (60.2%) vs 139 (43.8%) patients, P=.002; 7 (5.7%) vs 39 (12.3%) patients, P=.042).

Conclusions

Our data suggests that epistaxis on direct oral anticoagulation with rivaroxaban is associated with shorter hospital stays and fewer hospital admissions than epistaxis on vitamin K antagonist phenprocoumon.
FOXP3polymorphisms in interstitial lung disease among Chinese Han population: A genetic association study
Authors: Yao Jianyu , Zhang Tianze , Zhang Lili , Han Kaiyu , Zhang Linyou
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Both genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inFOXP3genes were implicated in the causation of some autoimmune diseases; however, association of these genes and ILD has not been reported.

Objectives

To investigate whetherFOXP3polymorphisms are associated with ILD in a representative Chinese population.

Methods

One hundred and fifty‐seven ILD patients and 170 healthy controls were recruited; SNPs were genotyped by the Sequenom MassARRAY platform and SHEsis was used to estimate the haplotype frequencies of SNPs.

Results

The CC and TC genotypes ofFOXP3rs2280883 were associated with a significantly higher risk of connective tissue disease‐associated ILD (CTP‐ILD) than the TT genotype (P = .006). Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) showed a significantly higher frequency of rs3761547 (GG genotype) and rs3761549 (CC genotype) polymorphisms ofFOXP3as compared to that in controls (P = .038 andP = .026, respectively). The rs2294021 (TC genotype) was less frequently observed among IIP patients as compared to that in controls (P = 0.029). In addition, theFOXP3CAATC haplotype was associated with a greater risk for CTD‐ILD (P=.048) as compared to controls, and theFOXP3TCCCC haplotype showed an increased IIP risk (P = .001); however, patients with theFOXP3TACTT haplotype showed a significant protective effect against IIP (P = .036).

Conclusion

FOXP3polymorphisms may be important markers to determine susceptibility to IIP or CTP‐ILD in Chinese population.
Multifaceted biodiversity hotspots of marine mammals for conservation priorities
Authors: Albouy Camille , Delattre Valentine L. , Mérigot Bastien , Meynard Christine N. , Leprieur Fabien
Published: May 2017

Aim

Identifying the multifaceted biodiversity hotspots for marine mammals and their spatial overlap with human threats at the global scale.

Location

World‐wide.

Methods

We compiled a functional trait database for 121 species of marine mammals characterized by 14 functional traits grouped into five categories. We estimated marine mammal species richness (SR) as well as functional (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) per grid cell (1° × 1°) using the FRic index (a measure of trait diversity as the volume of functional space occupied by the species present in an assemblage) and the PD index (the amount of evolutionary history represented by a set of species), respectively. Finally, we assessed the spatial congruence of these three facets of biodiversity hotspots (defined as 2.5% and 5% of the highest values of SR, FD and PD) with human threats at the global scale.

Results

We showed that the FRic index was weakly correlated with both SR and the PD index. Specifically, SR and FRic displayed a triangular relationship, that is, increasing variability in FRic along the species richness gradient. We also observed a striking lack of spatial congruence (<0.1%) between current human threats and the distribution of the multiple facets of biodiversity hotspots.

Main Conclusions

We highlighted that functional diversity calculated using the FRic index is weakly associated with the species richness of marine mammals world‐wide. This is one of the most endangered vertebrate groups playing a key ecological role in marine ecosystems. This finding calls for caution when using only species richness as a benchmark for defining marine mammal biodiversity hotspots. The very low level of spatial congruence between hotspots of current threats and those of the multiple facets of marine mammal biodiversity suggests that current biodiversity patterns for this group have already been greatly affected by their history of exploitation.
Meeting species persistence targets under climate change: A spatially explicit conservation planning model
Authors: Alagador Diogo , Cerdeira Jorge Orestes
Published: May 2017

Aim

Climate change threatens the effectiveness of existing protected areas, pivotal, yet static, instruments to promote the persistence of biodiversity. The identification of the areas more likely to be used by multiple species to track their most suitable changing climates is therefore an important step in conservation planning. Species persistence targets and budget limitation are two critical ingredients constraining target‐based conservation area selection. However, defining adequate persistence targets under budget constraints is far from intuitive.

Location

Unspecific.

Methods

We propose a two‐staged mixed‐integer linear programming model to determine optimized persistence targets for several species, for a given time horizon and climate change scenarios, under budgetary limitation. The first stage tunes pre‐established targets for each species with a bound on the size of the area to select. The second stage identifies a set of areas of minimum cost that allows the persistence levels optimized in the first stage to be achieved. We apply a heuristic to test whether small deviations from optimal persistence settings (i.e., targets for multiple species) do influence cost‐effectiveness of final solutions. Analyses were undertaken using a synthetic data set replicating changes of environmental suitability for several simulated species using several experimental designs.

Results

Our results showed that minor differences to the optimal persistence scores can result in large contraction of cost‐effectiveness in final solutions.

Main conclusions

Persistence targets should be carefully assessed case by case, and alternative species persistence settings should be considered, as they potentially result in important reductions of cost‐effectiveness. Our model along with the respective heuristic can be used as a tool to efficiently promote species persistence under climate change.
On the brink of extinction—Habitat selection of addax and dorcas gazelle across the Tin Toumma desert, Niger
Authors: Stabach Jared A. , Rabeil Thomas , Turmine Vincent , Wacher Tim , Mueller Thomas , Leimgruber Peter
Published: May 2017

Aim

To assess the distribution and occurrence of addax (Addax nasomaculatus), the most critically endangered ungulate species globally, and dorcas gazelle (Gazelle dorcas), for which the ecology in the southern Sahara is virtually unknown.

Location

Tin Toumma desert, Niger

Methods

Integrating field surveys, collected over a 7‐year period (2008–2014), with remote sensing‐derived measures of vegetation productivity (NDVI) and surface roughness, we fit models in a generalized linear regression framework to predict and evaluate the occurrence of addax and dorcas gazelle.

Results

Addax declined significantly over the course of the study, strongly affecting the outcomes of our regression models. Other factors, namely surface roughness and the occurrence of the perennial grass Stipagrostis acutiflora, were important in predicting addax occurrence. Dorcas gazelle, inhabiting areas further to the south of our study area, were more positively associated with increases in vegetation productivity than addax. Both species were observed to have a strong negative response to human disturbance. Predictive models, relying only on remotely sensed derived variables, provided insight into areas of habitat suitability and highlighted niche partitioning across the Sahelo‐Saharan biome.

Main conclusions

Our results provide improved insight into the factors contributing to the occurrence of this critically endangered (addax) and vulnerable (dorcas gazelle) species and may help guide future field surveys across the region to locate small and geographically isolated populations. Developing statistically based ecological habitat models provide a first‐step towards improved management and policy development for the long‐term conservation of these species and complement field surveys conducted across the region to monitor species that are increasingly being pushed to extinction.
Pre‐existing diabetes is a risk factor for increased rates of cellular rejection after kidney transplantation: an observational cohort study
Authors: Johal S. , Jackson‐Spence F. , Gillott H. , Tahir S. , Mytton J. , Evison F. , Stephenson B. , Nath J. , Sharif A.
Published: May 2017

Aim

To investigate whether people with diabetes have an elevated risk of kidney allograft rejection in a well characterized clinical cohort in the setting of contemporary immunosuppression.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all kidney allograft recipients at a single centre between 2007 and 2015, linking clinical, biochemical and histopathological data from electronic patient records.

Results

Data were analysed for 1140 kidney transplant recipients. The median follow‐up was 4.4 years post‐transplantation, and 117 of the kidney transplant recipients (10.2%) had diabetes at time of transplantation. Kidney allograft recipients with vs without diabetes were older (53 vs 45 years; P<0.001) and more likely to be non‐white (41.0% vs 26.4%; P=0.001). Kidney allograft recipients with vs without diabetes had a higher risk of cellular rejection (19.7% vs 12.4%; P=0.024), but not of antibody‐mediated rejection (3.4% vs 3.7%; P=0.564). Graft function and risk of death‐censored graft loss were similar in the two groups, but kidney allograft recipients with diabetes had a higher risk of death and overall graft loss than those without diabetes. In a Cox regression model of non‐modifiable risk factors at time of transplantation, diabetes was found to be an independent risk factor for cellular rejection (hazard ratio 1.445, 95% CI 1.023–1.945; P=0.042).

Conclusions

Kidney allograft recipients with diabetes at transplantation should be counselled regarding their increased risk of cellular rejection but reassured regarding the lack of any adverse impact on short‐to‐medium term allograft function or survival.
Access to Credit for Small Innovative Businesses
Authors: dalla Pellegrina Lucia , Frazzoni Serena , Rotondi Zeno , Vezzulli Andrea
Published: May 2017

Using data for a large sample of small firms collected through the 8th UniCredit Survey conducted in 2011, we investigate the extent to which banks of different size reward innovative firms, in terms of both access to lending and volume of credit granted. We find that more innovative firms are associated with weak credit rationing. Using instrumental variable techniques to manage the endogenous nature of innovation, we show that a large bank more strongly supports product innovation, whereas there is no substantial difference in the extent to which small and large banks provide credit to small firms undertaking process innovations.
Lending Technologies and Community Banks: What Are the Effects on Italian Households’ Default Risk During Financial Turmoil?
Authors: Milani Carlo
Published: May 2017

Using data from the Survey on Italian Households’ Income and Wealth gathered by the Bank of Italy, I test the effect of relationship and transactional lending technologies on the probability of households becoming insolvent during the crisis. I find that both technologies help in reducing defaults, but the effect of transactional lending is stronger. However, the selection and monitoring processes improve when relationship and transactional lending are combined. Furthermore, I also find that a higher presence of community banks in local markets increases bankruptcies. This outcome is mainly driven by households living in small towns, where the competitive pressure from medium‐large banks is lower.
Mapping and explaining wolf recolonization in France using dynamic occupancy models and opportunistic data
Authors: Louvrier Julie , Duchamp Christophe , Lauret Valentin , Marboutin Eric , Cubaynes Sarah , Choquet Rémi , Miquel Christian , Gimenez Olivier
Published: May 2017

While large carnivores are recovering in Europe, assessing their distributions can help to predict and mitigate conflicts with human activities. Because they are highly mobile, elusive and live at very low density, modeling their distributions presents several challenges due to 1) their imperfect detectability, 2) their dynamic ranges over time and 3) their monitoring at large scales consisting mainly of opportunistic data without a formal measure of the sampling effort.

Here, we focused on wolves Canis lupus that have been recolonizing France since the early 1990s. We evaluated the sampling effort a posteriori as the number of observers present per year in a cell based on their location and professional activities. We then assessed wolf range dynamics from 1994 to 2016, while accounting for species imperfect detection and time‐ and space‐varying sampling effort using dynamic site‐occupancy models.

Ignoring the effect of sampling effort on species detectability led to underestimating the number of occupied sites by more than 50% on average. Colonization appeared to be negatively influenced by the proportion of a site with an altitude higher than 2500 m and positively influenced by the number of observed occupied sites at short and long‐distances, forest cover, farmland cover and mean altitude. The expansion rate, defined as the number of occupied sites in a given year divided by the number of occupied sites in the previous year, decreased over the first years of the study, then remained stable from 2000 to 2016. Our work shows that opportunistic data can be analyzed with species distribution models that control for imperfect detection, pending a quantification of sampling effort. Our approach has the potential for being used by decision‐makers to target sites where large carnivores are likely to occur and mitigate conflicts.
DA‐EPOCH‐R for post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: DeStefano Christin B. , Malkovska Vera , Rafei Hind , Shenoy Aarthi , Fitzpatrick Kelly , Aggarwal Anita , Catlett Joseph P.
Published: May 2017

Background

Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a potentially fatal group of neoplasms arising in an immunodeficient environment. Although the cornerstone of treatment is reduced immunosuppression (RI), advanced cases often warrant treatment with chemoimmunotherapy. The chemoimmunotherapy regimen of dose‐adjusted (DA)‐EPOCH‐R is superior to R‐CHOP in HIV associated aggressive lymphomas, suggesting that it might also be favorable in the setting of PTLD.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with advanced monomorphic PTLD treated with first line DA‐EPOCH‐R in addition to RI at our institution from 2003‐2016.

Results

Seven patients were included. Mean age was 51 and mean time from transplant to diagnosis was 71 months. Six of the seven patients received a kidney transplant, six had stage III or IV disease, six had tumors that were EBV positive, and six completed therapy. All six patients who completed therapy achieved a complete response. Mean PFS and OS were 46.6 and 52.6 months, respectively. Treatment was well‐tolerated with no significant treatment related morbidity or mortality.

Conclusions

Our findings support several observations in the literature that DA‐EPOCH‐R is efficacious and well‐tolerated for the treatment of advanced, monomorphic PTLD.
Confronting Myths About Sexual Assault: A Feminist Analysis of the False Report Literature
Authors: Weiser Dana A.
Published: May 2017

Inaccurate beliefs that women commonly lie about sexual assault and target innocent men are pervasive in the United States, particularly on college and university campuses. Research consistently demonstrates that false reports of sexual assault account for less than 10% of reported cases and that individuals are unlikely to be wrongly accused of sexual assault. Thus, to pursue justice on campuses and beyond, family scholars must challenge misinformation about false reports in their teaching and scholarship to shift the narrative away from these prevalent and harmful rape myths. Doing so will allow for a more comprehensive and informed dialogue about how to address sexual assault on university campuses. This article offers a feminist analysis of the issue, clearly delineates the definition of a false report, critically reviews the false report literature, and presents suggestions for educational efforts by family professionals.
From Furious to Fearless: Faculty Action and Feminist Praxis in Response to Rape Culture on College Campuses
Authors: Sharp Elizabeth A. , Weiser Dana A. , Lavigne Don E. , Kelly R. Corby
Published: May 2017

In this article, we (four faculty members) draw on a specific rape‐promoting incident on our campus as a case study for feminist faculty responses to civil rights issues on college campuses. We critically examine the incident and share our multipronged response as faculty members. In so doing, we highlight interdisciplinary activism, the importance of strong visual presence of feminist faculty activism on campus, as well as our challenges and dilemmas. As a call to arms, we hope this article inspires other faculty to recognize their power and to take incisive action on their respective campuses.
A great leap? Domestic market growth and local state support in the upgrading of China's LED lighting industry
Authors: BUTOLLO FLORIAN , TEN BRINK TOBIAS
Published: May 2017

In this article we analyse the conditions for industrial upgrading in the Chinese LED industry, which proactive local state policies and expanding domestic markets have greatly facilitated. State initiatives provoked overinvestment, but eventually led to the emergence of competitive domestic enterprises. Simultaneously, firms benefited from a growing domestic market on which they outcompeted foreign companies in mid‐price segments. The combination of these factors accounts for the peculiarly Chinese upgrading experience. Neither the resources provided by a new version of the ‘developmental state’ nor domestic market growth alone can explain the Chinese players' success. Based on these results, and given that the emerging economies have become the most important markets for certain consumer goods – a development that (local) industrial policies for industrial upgrading can influence – we provide further proof that it is necessary to rethink the export‐led upgrading paradigm in theories of globally dispersed production.
Fell Muir Lecture: Collagen fibril formation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kadler Karl E.
Published: May 2017

It is a great honour to be awarded the Fell Muir Prize for 2016 by the British Society of Matrix Biology. As recipient of the prize, I am taking the opportunity to write a minireview on collagen fibrillogenesis, which has been the focus of my research for 33 years. This is the process by which triple helical collagen molecules assemble into centimetre‐long fibrils in the extracellular matrix of animals. The fibrils appeared a billion years ago at the dawn of multicellular animal life as the primary scaffold for tissue morphogenesis. The fibrils occur in exquisite three‐dimensional architectures that match the physical demands of tissues, for example orthogonal lattices in cornea, basket weaves in skin and blood vessels, and parallel bundles in tendon, ligament and nerves. The question of how collagen fibrils are formed was posed at the end of the nineteenth century. Since then, we have learned about the structure of DNA and the peptide bond, understood how plants capture the sun's energy, cloned animals, discovered antibiotics and found ways of editing our genome in the pursuit of new cures for diseases. However, how cells generate tissues from collagen fibrils remains one of the big unsolved mysteries in biology. In this review, I will give a personal account of the topic and highlight some of the approaches that my research group are taking to find new insights.
How is the Taylor Rule Distributed under Endogenous Monetary Regimes?
Authors: Liu Xiaochun
Published: May 2017

This paper estimates Taylor rules at various points (quantiles) on the conditional interest‐rate distribution for endogenously identified monetary regimes. I find that the Taylor principle upholds only for the upper tails of the interest‐rate distribution in monetary Hawkish regimes, but not in monetary interim and Dovish regimes. Moreover, the results show that the Federal Reserve responds more aggressively to inflation at upper tails than at lower tails in both monetary Dovish and Hawkish regimes, implying its significant inflation‐avoidance preference. Finally, the Federal Reserve appears to respond to inflation more aggressively during Hawkish regimes than during Dovish regimes across quantiles.
A prospective evaluation of methylene blue and gentian violet dressing for management of chronic wounds with local infection
Authors: Woo Kevin Y , Heil Jolene
Published: May 2017

The objective of this prospective, non‐randomised study was to evaluate the performance of an antibacterial foam dressing containing methylene blue and gentian violet (Hydrofera Blue Classic dressing®) for the management of chronic wounds with local infection. Patients in this study were ≥18 years of age (n = 29), and each had at least one chronic wound ≥1 cm2 in size that showed signs of localised infection or critical colonisation but with good potential for healing based on clinical assessment. To all of these wounds, the dressing was applied and changed three times per week over the 4‐week study period. The primary endpoints of the study were: (i) changes in wound surface area measurement, (ii) changes in Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) scores, (iii) changes in percent surface area of devitalised tissue (i.e., yellow slough or other necrotic tissue) and (iv) changes in clinical signs associated with localised wound infection/critical colonisation. Participants were evaluated at presentation (week 0 = baseline), week 2 and at week 4 (end of the study). The 29 patients completed the study, and at week 4, the following wound improvements were observed: (i) baseline mean wound surface area was significantly reduced by 42·5%, from 21·4 to 12·3 cm2 at week 4 (P = 0·005); (ii) baseline mean PUSH score decreased significantly from 13·3 to 10·7 at week 4 (P < 0·001); (iii) baseline mean wound coverage by devitalised tissue (%) was significantly reduced, from 52·6 % to 11·4% at week 4 (P < 0·001) and (iv) the mean UPPER and LOWER wound infection scores were reduced from 3·6 at baseline to 0·9 at week 4 (75%; P < 0.001). These results indicate that the Hydrofera Blue Classic dressing was effective at managing these chronic wounds and helped them progress onto a healing trajectory.
Experimental pretesting of message framing to motivate caregiver self‐care among parents of children with eating disorders
Authors: Shafer Autumn , Patel Sheetal J. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Zucker Nancy
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of message framing strategies and approach avoidance trait moderators on health communication intervention messages aimed at encouraging adaptive coping among parents of those children with eating disorders (PCEDs). Parents of children with eating disorders (N = 108) were randomly assigned in a three‐condition (gain frame, loss frame, and control) online message pretesting experiment. Outcome measures included decisional balance (Transtheoretical Model) and behavioral intentions. Gain frames were more beneficial in promoting adaptive behaviors among PCEDs, as loss frames were often harmful. Findings are qualified by approach/avoidance moderator interactions. Formative research benefits from incorporating experimental pretesting methods. Interventions using framed messages should consider relevant personality traits that serve as moderators to behavior adoption.
Modelling female fertility traits in beef cattle using linear and non‐linear models
Authors: Naya H. , Peñagaricano F. , Urioste J.I.
Published: May 2017

Female fertility traits are key components of the profitability of beef cattle production. However, these traits are difficult and expensive to measure, particularly under extensive pastoral conditions, and consequently, fertility records are in general scarce and somehow incomplete. Moreover, fertility traits are usually dominated by the effects of herd–year environment, and it is generally assumed that relatively small margins are kept for genetic improvement. New ways of modelling genetic variation in these traits are needed. Inspired in the methodological developments made by Prof. Daniel Gianola and co‐workers, we assayed linear (Gaussian), Poisson, probit (threshold), censored Poisson and censored Gaussian models to three different kinds of endpoints, namely calving success (CS), number of days from first calving (CD) and number of failed oestrus (FE). For models involving FE and CS, non‐linear models overperformed their linear counterparts. For models derived from CD, linear versions displayed better adjustment than the non‐linear counterparts. Non‐linear models showed consistently higher estimates of heritability and repeatability in all cases (h2 < 0.08 and r < 0.13, for linear models; h2 > 0.23 and r > 0.24, for non‐linear models). While additive and permanent environment effects showed highly favourable correlations between all models (>0.789), consistency in selecting the 10% best sires showed important differences, mainly amongst the considered endpoints (FE, CS and CD). In consequence, endpoints should be considered as modelling different underlying genetic effects, with linear models more appropriate to describe CD and non‐linear models better for FE and CS.
A comparison of identity‐by‐descent and identity‐by‐state matrices that are used for genetic evaluation and estimation of variance components
Authors: Fernando R. L. , Cheng H. , Sun X. , Garrick D. J.
Published: May 2017

The genetic covariance matrix conditional on pedigree is proportional to the pedigree‐based additive relationship matrix (PARM), which is twice the matrix of identity‐by‐descent (IBD) probabilities. In genomic prediction, IBD probabilities in the PARM, which are expected genetic similarities between relatives that are derived from the pedigree, are substituted by realized similarities that are derived from genotypes to obtain a genomic additive relationship matrix (GARM). Different definitions of similarity lead to different GARMs, and two commonly used GARMS are the matrix G, which is based on an allele substitution effect model, and the matrix T, which is based on an allele effect model. We show that although the two matrices T and G are not proportional, they give identical predictions of differences between breeding values. When genomic information is used for variance component estimation, the GARM Gx is computed from genotype covariates that have been standardized to have unit variance. That approach is equivalent to fitting a random regression model using the same standardized covariates. We show that under Hardy–Weinberg and linkage equilibria (LE) that the genetic variance is , where is the variance of a randomly sampled element from the vector of k substitution effects. However, if linkage disequilibrium (LD) has been generated through selection, covariances between genotypes at different loci will be negative, and therefore, the additive genetic variance will be lower than . When the GARM Gx is assumed to be proportional to the genetic covariance matrix, the parameter being estimated is . We have demonstrated by simulation that overestimates the additive genetic variance when LD is generated by selection. We argue that unlike the PARM, GARMs are not proportional to a genetic covariance matrix conditional on the observed causal genotypes. The objective here is to recognize the difference between these covariance matrices and its implications.
A test for Y‐linked additive and epistatic effects on surviving bacterial infections in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kutch I. C. , Fedorka K. M.
Published: May 2017

Y‐ and W‐chromosomes offer a theoretically powerful way for sexual dimorphism to evolve. Consistent with this possibility, Drosophila melanogaster Y‐chromosomes can influence gene regulation throughout the genome; particularly immune‐related genes. In order for Y‐linked regulatory variation (YRV) to contribute to adaptive evolution it must be comprised of additive genetic variance, such that variable Ys induce consistent phenotypic effects within the local gene pool. We assessed the potential for Y‐chromosomes to adaptively shape gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacterial defence by introgressing Ys across multiple genetic haplotypes from the same population. We found no Y‐linked additive effects on immune phenotypes, suggesting a restricted role for the Y to facilitate dimorphic evolution. We did find, however, a large magnitude Y by background interaction that induced rank order reversals of Y‐effects across the backgrounds (i.e. sign epistasis). Thus, Y‐chromosome effects appeared consistent within backgrounds, but highly variable among backgrounds. This large sign epistatic effect could constrain monomorphic selection in both sexes, considering that autosomal alleles under selection must spend half of their time in a male background where relative fitness values are altered. If the pattern described here is consistent for other traits or within other XY (or ZW) systems, then YRV may represent a universal constraint to autosomal trait evolution.
Prevalence of dental developmental anomalies of permanent teeth in children and their influence on esthetics
Authors: Fekonja Anita
Published: May 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental developmental anomalies in permanent teeth and their influence on esthetics.

Materials and methods

The records of 473 subjects, which comprised of orthopantomograms, clinical examination, and anamnestic data, were explored for dental developmental anomalies. Subjects with dental anomalies completed the modified questionnaire. Data on reasons for seeking the treatment as well as factors affecting the patients' satisfaction were collected. The data were processed using the Chi‐square test.

Results

It was found that 79 subjects (16.7%) had at least 1 dental developmental anomaly. The most common anomalies were hypodontia (7.2%), followed by talon cusps (3.4%), and microdontia (2.5%). Hypodontia, microdontia, and talon cusps were found more prevalent in females than males, whereas hyperdontia and macrodontia were more common in males. The reason for dissatisfaction with their smile in most cases was due to missing teeth or spacing between anterior teeth (excess space 2.9 mm ± 1.1 mm), followed by crowding of anterior teeth (lack of space 3.1 mm ± 0.8mm), difficulty maintaining oral hygiene and midline asymmetry (1.8 mm ± 0.9 mm). All subjects were treated using a fixed orthodontic appliance and 30 (37.9%) of them had additional dental specialists included to achieve good esthetics and function. Overall, 92.4% of subjects were satisfied with their resulting appearance after treatment.

Conclusions

Dental developmental anomalies are clinically evident abnormalities. They may be the cause of various dental problems and can influence esthetics and the development of orthodontic problems.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

This paper evaluates the distribution of dental developmental anomalies and their influence on esthetics and function. Careful observation and appropriate investigation are required to diagnose the condition and institute treatment. The therapeutic approach to some dental anomalies should be interdisciplinary.
Limits to change – institutional dynamics of Dutch flood risk governance
Authors: Kaufmann M.
Published: May 2017

Despite several stimuli for change, flood risk management (FRM) in the Netherlands remains dominated by a probability‐reducing flood defence approach. The aim of this article is to analyse, empirically, the institutional forces for change and stability that explain particular institutional dynamics. The qualitative research revealed that even though a combination of forces for change (in the realm of discourses, actors, resources and rules) is present, their influence is partly neutralised by forces for stability. These forces for stability became incrementally and iteratively more and more institutionalised and mutually reinforced each other, thus stabilising the defence approach. As a consequence, FRM is path dependent, i.e. the development of alternative FRM approaches may be influenced by the dominant defence approach. Nevertheless, in this context, change processes of conversion and layering can be observed, which indicates that even a highly path dependent arrangement has the possibility to adapt to particular challenges.
Coastal subsidence detected by Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry and its effects coupled with future sea‐level rise: the case of the Sele Plain (Southern Italy)
Authors: Di Paola G. , Alberico I. , Aucelli P.P.C. , Matano F. , Rizzo A. , Vilardo G.
Published: May 2017

The amount of coastal subsidence on the Sele River coastal plain has been examined and measured with local vertical land movement data. The vertical displacements, derived by satellite radar differential interferometry processing (Ps‐InSAR), show that the analysed coastal sector is characterised by a south‐eastward decrease of vertical subsidence rates. These results have been coupled with sea‐level rise (SLR) scenarios, in order to identify the most critical areas. In general, the subsidence mostly affects areas where alluvial deposits are thicker, the back‐dune areas and the Sele River mouth, all late Holocene in age. Five local SLR scenarios allow identifying zones in the plain potentially prone to inundation and the shoreline retreat for the years 2065 and 2100. For these dates, 2.2% and 7.06% of the investigated area will have a topography lower than the estimated future sea level. Moreover, results show that the extent of the areas potentially exposed to inundation and erosion increases moving from south to north.
Campylobacter multi‐locus sequence types and antimicrobial susceptibility of broiler cecal isolates: A two year study of 143 commercial flocks
Authors: Ladely Scott R. , Berrang Mark. E. , Meinersmann Richard J. , Cox Nelson A.
Published: May 2017

The objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and coli from broiler ceca. Ceca from one broiler were collected from a commercial processing plant, once or twice weekly for 2 years (n = 143). Campylobacter were cultured from the cecal contents and analyzed by whole genome sequencing, multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Seventy‐two of 143 carcasses examined were positive for Campylobacter. A total of 24 MLST sequence‐types (ST) were identified belonging to ten Campylobacter clonal complexes (CC). Three MLST clonal complexes, CC‐353 (53.2%), CC‐828 (17.7%), and CC‐48 (11.4%) accounted for the majority of Campylobacter isolates recovered. Compared to all other clonal complexes, a significantly higher percentage (p < .05) of C. coli isolates belonging to CC‐828 complex were resistant to azithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and gentamicin. CC‐48 was significantly more resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid than other CCs regardless of species. No isolates were resistant to florfenicol.

Practical applications

Despite high genetic diversity among Campylobacter recovered from broiler ceca during this 2‐year study, antimicrobial resistance was significantly linked to MLST clonal complex, specifically C. coli, CC‐828 and C. jejuni, CC‐48.
Crafting Papers for Publication: Novelty and Convention in Academic Writing
Authors: Patriotta Gerardo
Published: May 2017

In this article, I discuss how different social actors and established conventions intervene in the construction of academic articles. I first provide a ‘backstage’ overview of the review process at JMS, with a focus on how editors and reviewers influence the development of a manuscript. I then discuss the use of conventions as a powerful tool for communicating a message and conveying it to an audience. Next, I consider how authors use references to engage in conversations with other scholars and establish the baseline for a contribution. Finally, I reflect on the role of the reader as the ultimate recipient of a journal article. I conclude with some considerations on the craft of writing for publication.
On the quality of adjustment to retirement: The longitudinal role of personality traits and generativity
Authors: Serrat Rodrigo , Villar Feliciano , Pratt Michael W. , Stukas Arthur A.
Published: May 2017

Objective

Although psychological factors have been explored in relation to other life transitions, their influence on retirement adjustment quality has been largely overlooked. This study assessed the contribution of personality traits and generativity before retirement in the prediction of hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being at two temporal points after retirement.

Method

This article analyzes data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) longitudinal sample. Specifically, it uses a subsample of people who were not retired at Time 1, but were 9 years after at Time 2 (n = 548) and 18 years after at Time 3 (n = 351).

Results

After controlling both for initial values on hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being and for the effects of personal attributes and resources, higher scores on Extraversion at Time 1 significantly predicted hedonic well‐being at Time 2, whereas lower scores on Neuroticism and higher scores on generativity at Time 1 significantly predicted eudaimonic well‐being at Time 2. Neuroticism and generative concern at Time 1 remained significant in the prediction of eudaimonic well‐being at Time 3.

Conclusions

The study shows that personality traits and generative concern at midlife explain a meaningful part of the variation in individuals' quality of subsequent retirement adjustment.
Individual differences in personality change across the adult life span
Authors: Schwaba Ted , Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: May 2017

Objective

A precise and comprehensive description of personality continuity and change across the life span is the bedrock upon which theories of personality development are built. Little research has quantified the degree to which individuals deviate from mean‐level developmental trends. In this study, we addressed this gap by examining individual differences in personality trait change across the life span.

Method

Data came from a nationally representative sample of 9,636 Dutch participants who provided Big Five self‐reports at five assessment waves across 7 years. We divided our sample into 14 age groups (ages 16–84 at initial measurement) and estimated latent growth curve models to describe individual differences in personality change across the study period for each trait and age group.

Results

Across the adult life span, individual differences in personality change were small but significant until old age. For Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness, individual differences in change were most pronounced in emerging adulthood and decreased throughout midlife and old age. For Emotional Stability, individual differences in change were relatively consistent across the life span.

Conclusions

These results inform theories of life span development and provide future directions for research on the causes and conditions of personality change.