bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALLERGIC REACTION TO ESCHERICHIA COLI-ASPARAGINASE IN CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA: A STUDY IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA
Authors: SARI NUR MELANI , PUTRI OSSEVA NABILLA , SURYAWAN NUR
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine and describe the characteristics of allergic reactions to Escherichia coli-Asparaginase (E. coli-ASP).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Hasan Sadikin Bandung General Hospital on acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients diagnosed from January 1, 2018, to August 31, 2019, confirmed by bone marrow examination. Data were extracted from Bandung Online Pediatric Cancer Registry, medical records, protocol therapy documents, and interview with patient’s guardian.
Results: Out of 68 patients, 26 patients (37.6%) were allergic to E. coli-ASP. Twenty-two patients with recorded manifestation’s data evoked 35 symptoms and graded according to common terminology criteria for adverse event v3.0., fever, and urticaria are the most frequent manifestation. While Grade 2 and Grade 3 are the most often developed allergic reaction, patients with age range from 1 to 14 years, male and high risk is mainly allergic.
Conclusion: Allergic rate to E. coli-ASP at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is 37.6%. The most frequent manifestation is fever and urticaria (20%, respectively), Grades 2 and 3 (32%, respectively), and emerged mostly after administration of fourth dose E. coli-ASP (26.9%). Despite the characteristic differences between allergic and non-allergic group, it is not statistically significant.
EFFECTS OF SWISS BALL EXERCISE AND STRETCHING EXERCISE IN CHEST WALL MOBILITY AND SHOULDER RANGE OF MOTION AMONG POST-OPERATIVE BREAST CANCER WOMEN
Authors: K Rekha , RIHANA SM RESHMA
Published: May 2020

Objectives of the Study: The objectives of the study were to determine and compare the effects of Swiss ball exercises and stretching exercises in improving chest expansion, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and shoulder range of motion (ROM) among post-operative breast cancer women.

Methods: The study included 20 females who underwent surgery for breast carcinoma. Each group consists of 10 participants who were assessed for chest expansion at three levels, FEV1, and shoulder ROM for flexion and abduction. Group A was treated with Swiss ball exercises and Group B was treated with stretching exercises for a period of 4 weeks, 5 days/week following which post-test was performed same as of pre-test.

Results: Comparison between Swiss ball Group A and stretching Group B shows the chest expansion measurement at axillary level has a significant difference between the groups with p=0.0001, fourth intercostal level showed a difference in mean with p=0.004 and xiphisternal level p-value observed as (0.001), FEV1 between the group also shows significant changes in the post-test with a p=0.0481 and shoulder flexion ROM was increased in post-test when compared to pre-test scores with a p=0.0042 and abduction ROM also showed a significant difference with p=0.0463. Thereby, the post-test scores of Group A are higher than the Group B.

Conclusion: Exercise training on Swiss ball is more effective than stretching in treating post-operative breast cancer patients.
EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE IN HEART AURICULAR POINT IN TWO INDEXES OF DIGITAL VOLUME PULSE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: SERRANO-MORALES MIGUEL MIZRAIM , MEJÍA-GONZÁLEZ MARCIAL , CASTAÑEDA-RAMÍREZ MOISÉS SALVADOR , RIVAS-VILCHIS JOSÉ FEDERICO
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the changes in two indices derived from the digital volume pulse (DVP) elicited by acupuncture in auricular heart acupoint in healthy subjects.

Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects aged 26.22±2.98 years (mean±standard deviation) were assigned to receive auricular acupuncture in auricular heart acupoint in the right ear. The DVP was recorded by photoplethysmography. RIDVP was determined by the relative amplitudes of systolic and diastolic components of the DVP and SIDVP, by the relative timing of these components. Auricular acupoint heart was stimulated by manual acupuncture. The RIDVP and SIDVP indices were calculated for basal and post-acupuncture conditions.

Results: Both RIDVP (p=0.0375) and SIDVP (p=0.0063) were significantly decreased by acupuncture of the right auricular acupoint heart when comparing the pre- and post-acupuncture values.

Conclusions: These results indicate that manual acupuncture of auricular acupoint heart produces acute effects on vascular physiology. RIDVP and SIDVP indices can be used to assess and demonstrate a vasodilatory activity of auricular acupoint heart.
ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES: EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL
Authors: AL-TAMEEMI KANAAN , KABAKLI RAIAAN
Published: May 2020

Although Ascaris lumbricoides is a common intestinal parasite of humans with worldwide distribution causing ascariasis, Ascaris is a neglected disease and still is a burden in developing countries. Furthermore, the parasite’s permanence and prevalence present difficulties in control strategies. Therefore, more research on the mechanisms of resistance to infection is required for reducing prevalence parasite and control of infections.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs) USING HELVELLA LEUCOPUS PERS. AND THEIR ANTIMYCOTIC ACTIVITY AGAINST FUNGI CAUSING FUNGAL ROT OF APPLE
Authors: TALIE MEHRAJUD DIN , HAMID WANI ABDUL , AHMAD NUSRAT , YAQUB BHAT MOHD , MOHD WAR JOHN
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green approach using Helvella leucopus and to evaluate the antimycotic activity of synthesized AgNPs against fungi causing fungal rot of apple.

Methods: During the present study for green synthesis of AgNPs using H. leucopus, equal volumes of both mushroom extract (100 ml) and silver nitrate solution (100 ml) were mixed and incubated at room temperature for the bioreduction process. These synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, these synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their antimycotic activity by spore germination method and agar well diffusion assay against different tested fungi.

Results: The results revealed that strong plasmon absorbance band was observed at 420 nm which confirms the synthesis of AgNPs using H. leucopus. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical in aggregated form with size ranging from 80 to 100 nm. Furthermore, different concentrations of synthesized AgNPs caused significant inhibition in spore germination and reduction in zone of inhibition of tested fungal pathogens. The highest inhibition in spore germination by AgNPs at highest concentrations was observed against Penicillium chrysogenum followed by Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata, respectively. Similarly, the synthesized AgNPs at highest concentrations showed maximum zone of inhibition against P. chrysogenum followed by A. niger and A. alternata, respectively.

Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that synthesized AgNPs have good potential to be used as antifungal agents against many fungal plant pathogens. The synthesized AgNPs using mushroom fungi also have potential for the development of nanofungicides against fungal pathogens but after proper investigation.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NEW MEDICATED CHEWING FOR THE TREATMENT OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING INDUCED BY CHEMOTHERAPY, RADIATION THERAPY, AND POST-OPERATIVE CONDITIONS IN CANCER
Authors: LALL DIPESH  , SHRUTI RATHOR , PRANAY SONI
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study was formulation and evaluation of new medicated chewing for the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and post-operative conditions in cancer using ondansetron hydrochloride as drug candidate.

Methods: The medicated chewing gum of ondansetron hydrochloride (OHC) was prepared by direct compression mold method. Four formulations were selected for study which was showing good physicochemical properties and drug release. Formulations were characterized for physical evaluation, weight variation, stickiness, hardness/plasticity, in vitro drug release, estimation of chewing gum consistency and drug release study in saliva.

Results: All the formulations gave satisfactory results in physical evaluation, weight variation, stickiness, and hardness. The formulation medicated chewing gum II (MCG II) showed best in vitro drug release which is 97% in 30 min and it is also more accepted by the people. Drug release in saliva also indicated that more than 50% drug release occurs within 15 min.

Conclusion: Medicated chewing gum is a cost-effective product and also showed better compliance and increase in bioavailability.
AN OVERVIEW ON PLANTS WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL
Authors: Pushpa Karale , Mahesh Karale
Published: May 2020

Inflammation is a protective mechanism of the body which involves vascular tissues, plasma proteins or cells and chemical mediators for the removal of hazardous stimuli like pathogens, allergens, irritants or cell damage and initiates the healing process. Anti-inflammatory drugs like steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat inflammation. Recently, the synthetic drugs shows a number of side effects such as kidney failure, ulceration and bleeding, liver damage etc. Therefore a search for the other substitute with no or less side effects is necessary. Plants are used from ancient times to treat various serious disorders. Plant constitutes a large number of chemicals which are responsible for the treatment of disease in an archaistic manner. The present review was pile up various plants with anti-inflammatory potential.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ELEMENTARY OSMOTIC TABLET OF LISINOPRIL DIHYDRATE
Authors: BHAIRAV BHUSHAN A. , KHANDAGALE PRADNYA M. , SAUDAGAR R. B.
Published: May 2020

Objective: Lisinopril Dihydrate is one of the antihypertensive drug used to control the high blood pressure. Osmotically Controlled release tablet of Lisinopril Dihydrate was performed for reducing dosing frequency and patient compliance.Methods: Elementary osmotic tablets of Lisinopril Dihydrate were developed using Sodium chloride as a key ingredient which gives osmogent property which provides driving force inside the core tablet and which leads to release of the drug. Microcrystalline cellulose used as a release retardant material in the present work. Different formulations were prepared by varying the concentrations using 32 factorial designs. It was applied to see the effect of variables Sodium chloride (X1) and MCC (X2) on the response percentage drug release as a dependent variable. These formulations were evaluated for, Hardness, Flow property, Thickness, Friability, Drug content and In vitro drug release. Tablets were coated with a semipermeable membrane using 5% w/v cellulose acetate(CA) in acetone and PEG 400(1%) used as Plasticizer. Coated Elementary osmotic tablets were drilled for delivery orifice using a standard micro drill of diameter size 0.8 mm.Results: Drug release rate was increased as the increase in the concentration of sodium chloride and release rate decreased on increasing the concentration of MCC. Drug release rate was directly proportional to delivery orifice size. SEM Study carried out for detection of diameter size of the delivery orifice. The FTIR studies demonstrate that there was no interaction between polymer and drug.Conclusion: The optimized formulation was stable for 3 mo of accelerated stability study
ANTIRADICAL, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF HARPULLIA ARBOREA (BLANCO) RADLK. (SAPINDACEAE)
Authors: L. Raghavendra H. , R. Prashith Kekuda T. , N. Karthik K. , N. Ankith G.
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate antiradical and antimicrobial potential of extract of Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk. (Sapindaceae) leaves obtained by maceration process.Methods: Antiradical activity of leaf extract was performed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Antibacterial activity of leaf extract was carried out by Agar well diffusion assay. Antifungal activity of leaf extract was carried out by Poisoned food technique.Results: Leaf extract displayed concentration dependent scavenging of radicals with potent scavenging activity against ABTS radicals (IC50 value 4.26Âµg/ml) when compared to DPPH radicals (IC50 value 27.26Âµg/ml). Extract exhibited inhibitory activity against all test bacteria. Marked and least activity was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli respectively. Considerable reduction in the mycelial growth of test fungi was observed in poisoned plates. Curvularia sp. and Alternaria sp. were inhibited to highest and least extent respectively. Conclusion: In suitable form, the plant can be used to treat oxidative damage, infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and to manage seed-borne fungi.
STUDY TO EVALUATE USE OF IRRATIONAL FIXED DRUG COMBINATIONS
Authors: K. Sudhakar , Latha C. Deepa , Baloju Deepika , Malahat A. R. , Vijayalakshmi G.
Published: May 2020

Objective: To identify fixed drug combinations causing the adverse drug reactions both rational and irrational.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out over a period of 6 mo (between June 2016 to December 2016) to evaluate adverse drug reactions related to fixed drug combinations in a tertiary care teaching hospital using suspected adverse drug reaction reporting form.Results: A total number of 64 adverse drug reactions were reported during this period. Of the total adverse drug reactions reported, 27 (42%) were due to fixed drug combinations. 6 (28.5%) were serious and 21(71.5%) were non-serious. Causality was certain in 4 (14.8%) cases and probably in remaining 23 (85.2%) cases. 19(70%) irrational fixed drug combinations were reported.Conclusion: The above results show that irrational fixed drug combinations contribute major extent to adverse drug reactions. Hence, awareness programs should be conducted for all the health care workers to improve the rationality of prescription and to decrease adverse drug reactions.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ENTECAVIR IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS BY RP-HPLC
Authors: P. Swathi , Vidyadhara S. , Sasidhar R. L. C. , Chakravarthi K. Kalyan
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective and purpose of the analysis have sensibly assessed by selecting of a rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC method for Entecavir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by using the most commonly employed C-18column with UV detection.Methods: In estimation by RP-HPLC method Agilent 1120 compact LC system with variable programmable UV detector and Rheodyne injector with 20 Âµl fixed loop was used for the chromatographic separation. The mode of operation was isocratic with the components of a solution consisting of methanol: acetonitrile(70:30v/v) and triethanolamine (2-4drops)at the flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and run time was 10 min. Forced degradation studies were conducted to evaluate the stability and specificity of the method along with the validation parameters.Results: Validation parameters of HPLC were found at a detection wavelength of 255 nm. Linearity was observed with the concentration range (Beerâ€™s law range) 20-100Âµg/ml with R2=0.9991. Robustness with detection wavelengths 253 and 257 nm with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and 1.4 ml/min showed good results. The retention time of the drug was 2.64 min and assay showed 98.1%.Conclusion: The proposed RP-HPLC method was validated as per the ICH Q2B Guidelines, and was found to be applicable for routine quantitative analysis of Entecavir by RP-HPLC using UV detector in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The results of linearity, precision, accuracy and specificity, were proved, that does not exceed certain specified limits. The method provides selective quantification with no interference from other formulation excipients. The proposed method was highly sensitive, reproducible, reliable, robust and specific. Therefore, this method is a simple, rapid analysis may actually be more desirable than a more complicated and time-consuming process. The degradation studies at various stress conditions like thermal and hydrolytic, drug gets degraded at a temperature of 80 Â°c and refluxing with water at 70 Â°c for 24hours.Â
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MEDICATED CHOCOLATE FORMULATION BY CHOCOLATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Sunil Reddy , Mounika K. , Venkatesham A.
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of this study is to design and fabricate Chlorpheniramine Maleate chocolate formulation by chocolate drug delivery system. Chlorpheniramine Maleate binds to histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of negative symptoms brought on by histamine.Methods: Chocolate is a range of products derived from cocoa (cacao), mixed with fat (i.e., cocoa butter) and finely powdered sugar to produce a solid confectionery. The medicated chocolate formulation is widely used for pediatric administration and increases patient compliance. Chlorpheniramine Maleate chocolate formulation is prepared to improve patient compliance. Chocolates were formulated (F1-F3) with a total fat of 25-35 % (w/w) from cocoa liquor and cocoa butter with more than 34% total cocoa, composition as specified for dark chocolate, lecithin, sweetening agents.Results: The prepared chocolate formulations were evaluated for general appearance, drug content, In vitro drug release and DSC and FTIR, moisture content and blooming tests. F1 formulation releases complete drug within 60 min.Conclusion: The results indicate that the formulation has no drug excipient interactions and there was no degradation in drug, it is stable during chocolate formulation preparation.Â
DETERMINATION AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF MIRABEGRON IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Mounika B. , Srikanth L. , Venkatesha A.
Published: May 2020

Objective: A reversed phase liquid chromatography was determined and validated for the estimation of Mirabegron in tablet dosage form.Methods: The validation study of RP-HPLC showed a simple, rapid, accurate, precise, reproducible results by using a stationary phase: Waters Acquity HSS T-3 C18 (100 Ã— 2.1 mm, 1.7Î¼m and Mobile Phase-Potassium di-hydrogen phosphate: acetone in the ratio (40:60 v/v) at PH6.0Â±0.02. Detection is carried out at 243 nm using UV detector.Results: The total chromatographic analysis time per sample was about 6 min with Mirabegron eluting at a retention time of 2.754. Tailing factor obtained from the standard injection is 1.6. Theoretical Plates obtained from the standard injection is 2736.7. The flow rate is 1 ml/min and linearity in the concentration range of 30-70Î¼g/ml (R2=0.999). The precision was 0.4% the intermediate precision was 0.08%. The deliberately varied chromatographic conditions in the concentration range for the evaluation of robustness is 10-50 Âµg/ml, (n=3). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for Mirabegron were 0.01Âµg/ml and 0.05Âµg/ml respectively. The % recovery is 99.8 % with % R. SD of 0.09. The results proved that the optimized HPLC method fulfills these requirements within the ICH accepted limits.Conclusion: The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirm the suitability of the proposed method for the determination of Mirabegron in tablet dosage form.Â
MEDICINAL VALUES OF PUTRANJIVA ROXBURGHII-A REVIEW
Authors: B. Supriya , Vijayakumar Keerthana , Subramanian Nambirajan , Mahendradas Dharmendira Kumar
Published: May 2020

The evolving economic concerns and the depletion of natural sources motivate the researchers to look for various alternatives. We started utilizing the bio resources like bio-diesel that is substituted over Petro-diesel. As the needs increasing day by day, it is our responsibility to not to deplete all the resources available now and hence not making the future generation in a great risk. So the idea is to find new sources that we can utilize and to also try to utilize the natural resources around us in a useful manner. In a recent trend, there are more technologies available for utilizing bio-resources in an effective manner. One such kind of bio-resource we can utilize is Putranjiva roxburghii. The ultimate aim of this review paper is to create a limelight on the medicinal values of Putranjiva plant. This current study explains the research works done so far with Putranjiva plant in a detailed manner and also to create awareness on growing Putranjiva plant all over the world. The plant material can be utilized as Anti-oxidant, febrifuge and for anti-inflammatory activities, as biofuel, as an herbal preservative, as an Antioxidant agent and as Trypsin inhibitor. The commercial, as well as medicinal values of Putranjiva, are so attractive, that encourages the authors to write a review over this excellent plant material.
PREFORMULATION STUDIES USING LACTOSE IN DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID ORAL DOSAGE FORM: A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION USING SeDeM METHOD
Authors: Tadwee Imran , Shahi Sadhana , Zaheer Zahed
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate and present lactose scientifically as an excipient of choice in formulation development of solid orals dosage form for direct compression method. Present work will establish the ability of lactose as an excipient to be the choice of candidate while developing formulation having poor flow API using direct compression process. In addition to this different type of lactose is processed using secure development method (SeDeM) in order to evaluate best suitable type of lactose amongst its different type.Methods: Lactose anhydrous, lactose monohydrate and Lactose spray dried (SD) were employed for evaluation using SeDeM method, twelve different selected pharmacotechnical parameters were determined experimentally and were treated mathematically and expressed in the graphical representation as SeDeM diagram. Parameter index, parameter profile index and good compression index values were calculated.Results: Good compression index was found to be 6.06,5.72,6.83 parameter index was 0.25, 0.42, 0.17 and parameter profile index found to be 6.36,6.01,7.18 for lactose anhydrous, lactose monohydrate and Lactose SD respectively.Conclusion: This research work reveals that data obtained will be useful for the pharmaceutical industries while formulating the drug product and will reflect the scientific characteristics of this excipient as well. This will enable the availability of values obtained after performing SeDeM studies on lactose to scientific society based on the results researchers can use establised data and statistics in their pre-formulation studies to incorporate lactose with confidence and can be justified scientifically in the development formulation of the direct compression process and API having poor flow. Results indicating good direct compression characteristics of the all 3 type of lactose, and Lactose SD can be preferred amongs these 3 types.Â
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MILLINGTONIA HORTENSIS (L)
Authors: A. Janaki , K. Kaleena P. , D. Elumalai , P. Hemalatha , M. Babu , K. Velu , Ravi Sudha
Published: May 2020

Objective: Millingtonia hortensis Linn (Bignoniaceae) is commonly known as cork tree and Akash neem. Aim of studies to determine the antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity.Methods: The antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts were measured by chemical analyses involving the assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and super oxide radical scavenging activity.Results: Phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) screening of methanol, chloroform, ethanol, petroleum ether, aqueous leaf extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, betacyanins, phenols and coumarins.Conclusion: The presence of these phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity support the use of this plant as an antibacterial agent against the group of micro organisms tested.Â
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF BILAYER TABLETS FOR IMMEDIATE AND CONTROLLED RELEASE OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Saikia Rablee , Sahu Bhanu Pratap
Published: May 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate bi-layer tablets for the immediate and controlled release of Metformin Hydrochloride for effective treatment of type 2 Diabetes mellitus.Methods: The immediate release layer was prepared by using super disintegrants like cross carmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate and sustained release layer was prepared by using hydrophilic polymer like HPMC K 100 and PVP. Various proportions of super disintegrants and polymer were used to select the best formulation composition. Bilayer tablet of metformin was prepared by wet granulation method and was evaluated for physical characteristics like hardness, weight variation, and friability. In vitro release of drug was performed in USP type II dissolution test apparatus using phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as dissolution media and dissolution was continued for 9 h for the sustained release layer. For immediate release layer, readings were recorded in each 10 min time interval for the first 1h.Results: From the obtained result it was found that all the formulations were within the limit of the standard. The hardness was found to be in the ranges from 5.1 to 5.5 kg/cm2, weight variation was in the range 0.53% to 0.83%, friability of all the formulations was within the range (<1%)and percentage of drug content was more than 97%. The drug release of the tablet was in the range of 85%-91% in 9 h.Conclusion: From the result obtained, it is found that the formulation F6 satisfies all the criteria as sustained release tablet for the effective treatment of type 2Diabetes mellitus.Â Â
Prosedur Penerapan Dokumen Bill Of Lading Dalam Aktivitas Ekspor-Impor
Authors: Ayu FeviLia Dea , Widiati Ida Ayu Putu , Arthanaya I Wayan
Published: May 2020

Abstract-The development and advancement of an industry in trade which is increasingly rapidly influencing the world economy, especially in international trade through exports and imports. The Bill of Lading in Indonesian is known as the "agreement" which is the most important shipping document in the process of shipping goods by sea transportation to reduce responsibility for the risks that will arise in international trade. Bill of Lading (B / L) is one of the important documents of the Letter of Credit (L / C) as a means of payment transactions for exporters and importers. So that the formulation of the problem used: 1) What is the role of the Bill of Lading documents in export-import activities? 2) What is the procedure for applying the Bill of Lading documents in export-import activities? The research method used is the normative legal research method so that the problem approach used is the legislation approach, and conceptual approach, and uses primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. So that the legal material collection technique used is the documentation technique by processing and analyzing legal materials that have been collected using legal arguments. The results of this study can be concluded that the regulation of the Bill of Lading (B / L) can be seen through the provisions of Article 506, the Commercial Law (KUHD); Article 25 paragraph (1) of Law No. 39 of 2007 concerning Excise.

Keywords: Bill of Lading, International Trade, and Letter of Credit.

Abstract-The development and advancement of an industry in trade which is increasingly rapidly influencing the world economy, especially in international trade through exports and imports. The Bill of Lading in Indonesian is known as the "agreement" which is the most important shipping document in the process of shipping goods by sea transportation to reduce responsibility for the risks that will arise in international trade. Bill of Lading (B / L) is one of the important documents of the Letter of Credit (L / C) as a means of payment transactions for exporters and importers. So that the formulation of the problem used: 1) What is the role of the Bill of Lading documents in export-import activities? 2) What is the procedure for applying the Bill of Lading documents in export-import activities? The research method used is the normative legal research method so that the problem approach used is the legislation approach, and conceptual approach, and uses primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. So that the legal material collection technique used is the documentation technique by processing and analyzing legal materials that have been collected using legal arguments. The results of this study can be concluded that the regulation of the Bill of Lading (B / L) can be seen through the provisions of Article 506, the Commercial Law (KUHD); Article 25 paragraph (1) of Law No. 39 of 2007 concerning Excise.

Kata Kunci: Bill of Lading, transaksi international, surat kredit
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pekerja dalam Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu Menurut Undang-Undang no 13 Tahun 2003
Authors: Sari Ni Putu Nita Erlina , Budiartha I Nyoman Putu , Arini Desak Gde Dwi
Published: May 2020

In the formation of employment agreements, there are two kinds, namely PKWT and PKWTT. However, in its implementation, the implementation of PKWT carried out by the company is not in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the work agreement and the Manpower Act so that the regulation regarding employment is still stretched various constraints and problems as well as challenges faced and require resolution through the court. Based on these explanations, the researcher raised the formulation of the problem 1) How is the Legal Relationship Between Workers and Companies in a Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWT) According to Law Number 13 Year 2003 and 2) What is the Form of Legal Protection Against Workers in a Specific Time Work Agreement Under the Act Law No. 13 of 2003. This study uses normative research methods. The legal materials used are primary, secondary. Work relations that occur between workers and employers are based on an employment agreement as explained by Article 50 of Law Number 13 Year 2003 Regarding Employment. In addition, PKWT can also be updated if the company so wishes.

Dalam pembentukan perjanjian ketenaga kerjaan, terdapat dua macam yaitu PKWT dan PKWTT. Namun dalam pelaksanaanya, penerapan PKWT yang dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan ada yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam perjanjian kerja dan Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan sehingga pengaturan mengenai ketenagakerjaan masih terbentang berbagai kendala dan masalah serta tantangan yang dihadapi dan memerlukan penyelesaian melalui pengadilan. Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut maka peneliti mengangkat rumusan masalah 1) Bagaimanakah Hubungan Hukum Antara Pekerja Dengan Perusahaan dalam Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (PKWT) Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 dan 2) Bagaimana Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja dalam Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 tahun 2003. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif. Bahan hukum yang di gunakan yaitu primer, sekunder. Hubungan kerja yang terjadi antara pekerja dan pengusaha didasarkan atas perjanjian kerja seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Pasal 50 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Selain itu, PKWT juga dapat diperbarui apabila perusahaan menghendaki.
Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa dalam Pemerintahan Desa
Authors: Rudiarta I Ketut Gede , Arthanaya I Wayan , Suryani Luh Putu
Published: May 2020

Abstract-Village or what is called by another name or an area that is thick with tradition and relatively independent. Based on this, the village must be recognized and understood as a legal community unit that has rights and authority in managing and managing village funding and the community to achieve village welfare. Related to the expansion of the village, formulation of the problem can be made as follows: what are the local government policies on managing village fund allocation and how is community participation in managing village fund allocation. This paper was made to find at local govermmeny policies and community participation in the management of village fund allocations based on statutory regulations. Management of village fund allocation, namely the overall activities which include planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability of The village funds. The type of research used is normative research. The village fund allocation has been regulated in article 72 paragraph 1 latter C and article 72 paragraph 3 of law number 6 of 2014 concerning village states that one source of village income is part of the results of regional taxes and retribution of the regency / city and regional tax and retribution. City at least 10% (ten percent) of regional taxes and levies. Therefore, there is a need for local government policies and community participation to oversee the implementation of village funds.

Keywords: Management, village funds, village management.

Abstrak-Desa atau yang disebut dengan nama lain merupakan suatu daerah yang kental akan tradisi serta relatif mandiri. Desa harus diakui keberadaannya dan disadari sebagai satuan masyarakat hukum yang mempunyai hak serta kekuasaan dalam mengatur dan mengurus pendanaan desa serta masyarakat guna meningkatkan pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mencapai kesejahteraan desa. Dalam hal ini maka dapat dirumuskan masalah yaitu: bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah daerah dalam pengelolaan alokasi dana desa serta bagaimana partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan alokasi dana desa. Tulisan ini dibuat untuk mengetahui kebijakan pemerintah daerah serta partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan alokasi dana desa berdasarkan peraturan perundang undangan. Pengelolaan alokasi dana desa yaitu kegiatan yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penatausahaan, pelaporan dan pertanggung jawaban dana desa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian normatif. Alokasi dana desa diatur didalam Pasal 72 Ayat (1) huruf c dan Pasal 72 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa menyebutkan ada bagian sumber pendapatan desa adalah bagian dari hasil pajak daerah serta retribusi daerah kabupaten/kota dan bagian hasil pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah kabupaten kota paling sedikit 10% (sepuluh perseratus) dari pajak dan retribusi daerah. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya kebijakan pemerintah daerah serta partisipasi masyarakat untuk mengawasi jalannya alokasi dana desa.

Kata kunci: Pengelolaan, dana desa, pemerintah desa.
Penyelesaian Dugaan Pelanggaran Ham pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Ham Provinsi Bali
Authors: Masdewi Ni Ketut Sinta , Widiati Ida Ayu Putu , Sutama I Nyoman
Published: May 2020

The allegations of human rights violation in the Province of Bali whether done vertically by the government or horizontally by the fellow society, were noted through the high number of the people’s report, which were flowing to the team of the Public Communication Service in the Regional Office of The Legal and Human Rights Ministries of Bali. The issues to be elaborated in this research are as set forth how is the mechanism in resolving the allegations of Human Rights violations through the Public Communication Service in the Regional Office of The Legal and Human Rights Ministries of Bali, and what are the factors which affect the resolution of the allegations of Human Rights violations through the Public Communication Service in the Regional Office of The Legal and Human Rights Ministries of Bali. The research method used is empirical legal research. The results have shown that the Regional Office of the Legal and Human Rights Ministries of Bali in handling the allegations of human rights violations through the Public Communication Service has done such by using a mediation method and is acting as the mediator.

Dugaan pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia di Provinsi Bali baik yang dilakukan secara vertikal oleh pemerintah maupun yang dilakukan secara horizontal oleh sesama masyarakat, ditandai dengan tingginya pengaduan masyarakat yang masuk ke tim Pelayanan Komunikasi Masyarakat pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Bali. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana mekanisme penyelesaian dugaan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia melalui pelayanan komunikasi masyarakat pada Kantor Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Bali dan faktor-faktor apa yang dapat mempengaruhi penyelesaian dugaan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia melalui pelayanan komunikasi masyarakat pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Bali. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Bali dalam menangani dugaan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia melalui pelayanan komunikasi masyarakat dilakukan dengan cara mediasi dan bertindak sebagai mediator.
Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech)
Authors: Kardiyasa I Made , Dewi Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi , Karma Ni Made Sukaryati
Published: May 2020

Hate speech in daily life people now such as expression, sedition, and provocation hate to other people and other community in many aspect such as religion, sex orientation, disabled, gender, racial , skin color, nationality and many else. If hate speech didn’t handle with effective way, efficient, and handle with corresponding with the valid law, so it can be impact social conflict that can increase discrimination action, violence and death loss. In this case there will be a bad impact which so danger for the hate speech victim, so in this case the writer’s get two solution to handle hate speech, that are protection law of hate speech victims and punishment criminal for the people who does hate speech. In this legal opinion writing, I am as a writer use normative method. In my experience, I do problem approach constitution which has related with hate speech, and then this research material reviewed. The result of this research is about law protective for the hate speech victims so that achievement can be protect them and the hate speech victims can feels safe. Hate speech can be says of criminal act because of what they have been done to hate speech victims. Unlawful actions that have been done with on propose or accidentally must be accounted for the acts that consist of constitution that happened and stated as acts that can be get a punishment in jail or fine.

Ujaran kebencian dalam kehidupan manusia saat ini yang berupa ungkapan, hasutan, dan provokasi kebencian kepada seseorang atau suatu kelompok lain, dalam hal berbagai aspek berupa, agama, cacat, orientasi seksual, gender, ras, warna kulit, kewarganegaraan, dan lain-lain. Jika hate speech tidak di tangani dengan efektif, efesien dan ditangani sesuai hukum yang berlaku, bisa menimbulkan suatu dampak konflik sosial yang bisa memicu tindak diskriminasi, kekerasan dan atau penghilangan nyawa. Dengan timbulnya dampak yang sangat membahayakan bagi korban hate speech, maka penulis mendapatkan dua rumusan masalah dalam menangani hate speech yaitu, perlindungan hukum bagi korban hate speech dan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku hate speech. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode penulisan normative dan menggunakan pendekatan permasalahan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan hate speech Kemudian bahan penelitian di kaji. Hasil dari penelitian berupa perlindungan hukum bagi korban hate speech supaya tercapainya rasa aman dan dapat melindungi bagi mereka yang menjadi korban hate speech. Hate speech dapat dikatakan sebagai tindak pidana karena telah melakukan suatu Tindakan melawan hukum yang dilakukan dengan sengaja ataupun dengan tidak sengaja harus dipertanggungkawabkan atas tindakannnya berdasarkan undang-undang yang berlaku dan dinyatakan sebagai tindakan yang dapat dihukum kurungan atau denda.
Hak Wanita Tunggal terhadap Warisan dalam Hukum Adat Bali
Authors: Warsita I Putu Andre , Suwitra I Made , Sukadana I Ketut
Published: May 2020

Inheritance customary law is a customary law that regulates how inheritance or inheritance is forwarded or divided from heirs to inheritors from generation to generation. Balinese indigenous people with the patrilineal family system, cause only descendants of kapurusa status are considered to be able to take care and carry on family responsibilities. The formulation of the problem in this study is how inheritance rights for women in Balinese customary law, what is the procedure for granting inheritance rights for single women to family inheritance. This research is a normative legal research. The problem approach used is the case approach, conceptual and legislative approach. Legal material used by primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study and discussion show that inheritance rights for women in Balinese customary law are essentially women who are not heirs according to the Bali Customary Law, but women are entitled to a share of inheritance from their parents, which in practice is used with various terms including property and, provision of life, the soul of the soul and also called the soul of the fund. The procedure for granting inheritance rights for a single woman to the family's inheritance of a Single Female child can be an heir by changing the status, from predana status to purusa status.

Hukum adat waris adalah aturan hukum adat yang mengatur tentang bagaimana harta peninggalan atau harta warisan diteruskan atau dibagi dari pewaris kepada para waris dari generasi ke generasi. Masyarakat adat Bali dengan sistem kekeluargaan patrilineal, menyebabkan hanya keturunan yang berstatus kapurusa dianggap dapat mengurus dan meneruskan tanggung jawab keluarga. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah hak waris bagi wanita dalam hukum adat Bali, Bagaimana prosedur pemberian hak waris bagi wanita tunggal terhadap harta warisan keluarga. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Pendekatan masalah yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kasus,konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Bahan hukum yang digunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa Hak waris bagi wanita dalam hukum adat Bali pada dasarnya Wanita bukan ahli waris menurut Hukum Adat Waris Bali, namun wanita berhak mendapat bagian harta warisan dari orang tuanya, dimana dalam praktek pemberian tersebut dipergunakan dengan berbagai macam istilah diantaranya harta tetatadan, bekal hidup, pengupa jiwa dan juga disebut jiwa dana.Prosedur pemberian hak waris bagi wanita tunggal terhadap harta waris keluarga anak Wanita Tunggal bisa menjadi ahli waris dengan jalan perubahan status yaitu dari status predana menjadi status purusa.
IDENTIFIKASI FASAD BANGUNAN ACTIVITY SUPPORT PADA KORIDOR JALAN DI KAWASAN WISATA TEGENUNGAN WATERFALL, DESA KEMENUH, GIANYAR, BALI
Authors: Prabawa Made Suryanatha , Sawitri Made Yaya , Darma I Ketut
Published: May 2020

The road corridors in the Tegenungan Waterfall Tourism Area are composed of various kinds of buildings, all of which accommodate the same function of trade or trade functions. The trade function is present to meet the needs of visiting tourists. These needs are food, drinks, souvenirs, transportation, etc. related to tourism. However, over time the development of the tourist area makes the growth of buildings along the road corridor in the Tegenungan Waterfall Tourism Area increasingly uncontrollable. The purpose of this study is to identify the facade components of the existing activity support buildings along the corridor of the road leading to the waterfall. The research method used is a qualitative-descriptive method, with the implementation phase of the method being a field survey accompanied by observations of buildings along the corridor road to Tegenungan Waterfall and supported by literature studies. The results of the study provide the final conclusion that the appearance of the facade of the majority of buildings uses a facade formed or arranged as a result of commodities traded based on tourist needs.
PLACE ATTACHMENT BASED URBAN REFORM AS TOURISM POTENTIAL OF KAMPONG SEMUT
Authors: Anggraeni Putu Bulan Ratna , Wibowo Fery Asta
Published: May 2020

Tourism activities can never be separated from the history of a city and the influence of the development of the city itself. Aspects of tourism are very dependent on culture and public understanding of a tourist attraction in a city. Kampong Semut is one of the historical relics of the city of Surabaya which has the potential to become a tourist facility. The potential is due to the fact that Kampong Semut has a potential in the form of community attachment to the location. The community's attachment to a Kampong Semut, changing the form and function of the village itself from a large-scale activity center to an urban village that is not conserved. The purpose of this study is to understand more deeply the place attachments that exist in Kampong Semut and see what potential can be developed back into a tourism potential to be able to return the Kampong Semut to its former glory. This study uses an urban analysis method to see the shape of the city and the layers of the city in Kampong Semut to see the changes brought by the people in Kampong Semut to the place attachments.
Ege Denizi’nde Deniz Patlıcanı (Holothuroidea) Avcılığı Yapan Balıkçıların Sosyo-Ekonomik Durumu
Authors: Çekiç Mustafa , Hereklioğlu Mehmet , Ergüden Deniz
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada, deniz patlıcanı avcılığı yapan balıkçıların sosyo-ekonomik yapısı, avcılık yöntemi, avlanma dönemleri, kullandıkları av aracı, dalış sırasında kullandıkları ekipmanlar, balıkçı teknelerinin özellikleri ile deniz patlıcanının pazarlanması, ekonomiye olan katkısının belirlenmesi ve memnuniyet durumları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, deniz patlıcanı avcılığı yapan balıkçıların durumunu değerlendirmek ve çözüm önerileri getirmek amacıyla 35 soruluk içeren bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Anket çalışması, Nisan ve Mayıs 2017 tarihlerinde İzmir-Dikili, İzmir-Urla ve Balıkesir-Altınova kıyılarında deniz patlıcanı avcılığı yapan 31 balıkçı ile yüz yüze görüşülerek ve yerinde gözlemler şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket sonuçlarina göre balıkçıların, deniz patlıcanı avcılığını dönemsel olarak ve sadece dalarak yaptıkları ve topladıkları deniz patlıcanlarını canlı olarak işleme fabrikalarına sattıkları ve ücretlerini günlük olarak aldıkları belirlenmiştir. Dalarak avcılık yapan balıkçıların dalış esnasında kullandıkları tekne ve dalış ekipmanlarının dalış ve avcılık kurallarına uygun olmadığı görülmüştür.
NITRETAÇÃO POR DESCARGAS ELÉTRICAS DO AÇO ABNT 4340 COM ADIÇÃO DE PÓ DE CARBETO DE SILÍCIO AO FLUIDO DIELÉTRICO
Authors: Elias Cristiano , Elias Luciano , Daniel Dâmaris Luiza Viana , Silva Ernane Rodrigues da , Lino Andreas Anderson Castro
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa de nitretação por descargas elétricas no aço ABNT 4340 realizado em uma máquina de eletroerosão por penetração com adição de pó de carbeto de silício de 600 mesh ao fluido dielétrico. Cobre eletrolítico e grafita foram usados como eletrodos ferramenta. Adaptações como instalação de cuba auxiliar e bomba para circulação do fluido dielétrico foram implementadas na máquina de eletroerosão, para possibilitar a aplicação do processo. Solução aquosa de água deionizada e uréia farmacológica foi usada como fluido dielétrico. As camadas nitretadas foram caracterizadas por meio de microscopia ótica. O desempenho da usinagem foi avaliado por meio da taxa de remoção de material, taxa de desgaste da ferramenta e desgaste volumétrico relativo, a utilização de carbeto de silício adicionado ao fluido dielétrico melhora a taxa de remoção do material (TRM). A formação de nitretos foi analisada via difração de Raio-x. O desempenho foi melhor da usinagem com pó de carbeto de silício adicionado ao fluido dielétrico em relação a usinagem sem o pó de carbeto de silício. Picos de nitretos de ferro foram verificados nos difratogramas das amostras nitretadas, e o valor da rugosidade da superfície usinada sofreu uma pequena redução quando utilizado o carbeto de silício adicionado ao fluido dielétrico.