bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Update on umbilical cord blood transplantation
Authors: Ballen Karen
Published: August 2017

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant is a curative procedure for many patients with leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplasia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and genetic disorders. Umbilical cord blood transplantation is a graft source for patients who do not have a matched donor in their family or in the unrelated registry. It is particularly difficult for Black, Hispanic, and White patients of non-Western European background to find fully matched adult volunteer donors. An estimated 700,000 umbilical cord blood units have been donated for public use, and over 40,000 umbilical cord blood transplantations have been performed. Over 25,000 patients have been cured with this approach.
Exploring Vietnamese co-authorship patterns in social sciences with basic network measures of 2008-2017 Scopus data
Authors: Ho Tung Manh , Nguyen Ha Viet , Vuong Thu-Trang , Dam Quang-Minh , Pham Hiep-Hung , Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: August 2017

Background: Collaboration is a common occurrence among Vietnamese scientists; however, insights into Vietnamese scientific collaborations have been scarce. On the other hand, the application of social network analysis in studying science collaboration has gained much attention all over the world. The technique could be employed to explore Vietnam’s scientific community.

Methods: This paper employs network theory to explore characteristics of a network of 412 Vietnamese social scientists whose papers can be found indexed in the Scopus database. Two basic network measures, density and clustering coefficient, were taken, and the entire network was studied in comparison with two of its largest components.

Results: The networks connections are very sparse, with a density of only 0.47%, while the clustering coefficient is very high (58.64%). This suggests an inefficient dissemination of information, knowledge, and expertise in the network. Secondly, the disparity in levels of connection among individuals indicates that the network would easily fall apart if a few highly-connected nodes are removed. Finally, the two largest components of the network were found to differ from the entire networks in terms of measures and were both led by the most productive and well-connected researchers.

Conclusions: High clustering and low density seems to be tied to inefficient dissemination of expertise among Vietnamese social scientists, and consequently low scientific output. Also low in robustness, the network shows the potential of an intellectual elite composed of well-connected, productive, and socially significant individuals.
First detection of N1575Y mutation in pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae in Southern Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Edi Ako Victorien Constant , N'Dri Bedjou Prisca , Chouaibou Mouhamadou , Kouadio Fondjo Behi , Pignatelli Patricia , Raso Giovanna , Weetman David , Bonfoh Bassirou
Published: August 2017

Background.The intensification of insecticide use for both public health and agriculture in Africa has contributed to growing insecticide resistance. Today, resistance to World Health Organization (WHO)-approved insecticide classes is widespread. In an agricultural area of Southern Côte d’Ivoire, the main malaria vectorAnopheles coluzziishows multiple resistance across insecticides mediated by both target site mutation and metabolic mechanisms. To plan new vector control strategies and avert future resistance liabilities caused by cross-resistance mechanisms extant within populations, it is crucial to monitor the development and spread of both resistance and mechanisms.

Methods. Larvae ofAnopheles gambiaewere collected from natural breeding sites in Tiassalé and Elibou, between April and November 2016 and raised to adults.Adult female non-blood fed mosquitoes, three to five days old, were exposed to deltamethrin in WHO bioassays. Extracted DNA samples from exposed mosquitoes were used for species characterisation and genotyping.

Results.Most adultAn. gambiaetested were resistant to deltamethrin, with mortality rates of only 25% in Tiassalé and 4.4% in Elibou. Molecular analysis of DNA from samples tested showed the presence of bothAn. coluzziiandAn. gambiae s.sin Elibou and onlyAn. coluzziifor Tiassalé. As previously, the L1014Fkdrmutation was present at high frequency (79%) in Tiassalé and the L1014S mutation was absent. The N1575Y mutation, which amplifies resistance conferred by L1014F was detected in a single unique individual from a TiassaléAn. coluzziifemale whereas in Elibou 1575Y was present in 10An. gambiaes.s, but not inAn. coluzzii.

Conclusion.This is the first report of the N1575Y mutation in Côte d’Ivoire, and as in other populations, it is found in both dominant West African malaria vector species. Continued monitoring of N1575Y is underway, as are studies to elucidate its contribution to the resistance of local vector populations.
Prevalences of inherited red blood cell disorders in pregnant women of different ethnicities living along the Thailand-Myanmar border
Authors: Bancone Germana , Gilder Mary Ellen , Chowwiwat Nongnud , Gornsawun Gornpan , Win Elsi , Cho Win Win , Moo Eh , Min Aung Myat , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Carrara Verena I. , White Nicholas J. , Nosten François , McGready Rose
Published: August 2017

Background: Inherited red blood cell disorders are prevalent in populations living in malaria endemic areas; G6PD deficiency is associated with oxidant-induced hemolysis and abnormal hemoglobin variants may cause chronic anemia. In pregnant women, microcytic anemia caused by hemoglobinopathies mimics iron deficiency, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Anemia during pregnancy is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence of G6PD deficiency, hemoglobinopathies, ABO and Rhesus blood groups among the pregnant population living along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in this area belong to several distinct ethnic groups.

Methods: Data was available for 13,520 women attending antenatal care between July 2012 and September 2016. Screening for G6PD deficiency was done by fluorescent spot test routinely. G6PD genotyping and quantitative phenotyping by spectrophotometry were analyzed in a subsample of women. Hemoglobin variants were diagnosed by HPLC or capillary electrophoresis and molecular methods. Blood groups were diagnosed by agglutination test. The prevalence and distribution of inherited red blood cell disorders and blood groups was analyzed with respect to ethnicity.

Results: G6PD deficiency was common, especially in the Sgaw Karen ethnic group, in whom the G6PD Mahidol variant allele frequency was 20.7%. Quantitative G6PD phenotyping showed that 60.5% of heterozygote women have an intermediate enzymatic activity between 30% and 70% of the population median. HbE, beta-thalassemia trait and alpha-thalassemia trait were found in 31.2% of women. Only 0.15% of women were Rhesus negative.

Conclusions: Distribution of G6PD and hemoglobin variants varied among the different ethnic groups, but the prevalence was generally high throughout the cohort. These findings encourage the implementation of an extended program of information and genetic counseling to women of reproductive age and will help inform future studies and current clinical management of anemia in the pregnant population in this region.
Accounting in two modules
Authors: Терентьева Татьяна , Terent'eva Tat'yana , Малышева Виктория , Malysheva Viktoriya
Published: August 2017

The manual is developed in accordance with the requirements of Federal state educational standard, as well as the working program of the discipline "Accounting. Module 1, 2", prepared by teachers of the Department of accounting and audit, Vladivostok state University of Economics and service. Reveals the fundamental principles, the essence, the basic concepts, the terminology used in accounting. Examines the critical elements of the method of accounting, document management, forms of accounting, valuation, calculation. Special attention is paid to the reflection of the main business processes (logistics, production, sales of finished products) in accounting. Also provides information on accounting of a number of separate facilities needed in the activities of modern enterprises (accounting of funds and payments, fixed assets accounting, inventory, etc.). For students enrolled in directions of preparation "Economy", "Management". "Business Informatics" study of the discipline "Accounting", "Accounting (financial) accounting", "management Accounting", "Accounting and analysis" as well as a wide range of readers interested in questions of accounting.
Taxes and taxation. Tax system of the Russian Federation
Authors: Водопьянова Валентина , Vodop'yanova Valentina , Ворожбит Ольга , Vorozhbit Ol'ga
Published: August 2017

The training manual contains theoretical material on taxation of commercial enterprises and individuals. Reveals basic concepts of taxation, presents a detailed classification of taxes and levies in the Russian Federation, considers the history of formation and modern condition of the Russian tax system. The manual reflects the current regulatory framework under Russian tax legislation.
Methodical apparatus of the textbook contains questions, tasks and cases that contribute to the consolidation of the material, focuses on the practical application of the knowledge. For students studying in the areas of "Economics", "Management", "commodity science", "Economics and management of the national economy".
Do Plant Inspections Predict Future Quality? The Role of Investigator Experience
Authors: Ball George , Siemsen Enno , Shah Rachna
Published: August 2017

Plant inspections enable firms to manage their quality risk in global supply chains. However, surprisingly little research examines the relationship between such inspections and future product quality. In this paper, we study how well plant inspection outcomes predict the hazard of a future recall and analyze how investigator experience affects this predictive relationship. Using secondary data spanning a seven-year period in the medical device industry and a recurrent-event Cox proportional hazard model, our analysis shows that inspection outcomes reliably predict future product recalls. However, inspection outcomes become an unreliable predictor of recalls with an increase in site-specific investigator experience. Through post hoc analysis, we also show that the hazard of a recall at a plant increases with site-specific experience, independent of the inspection outcome. Compared to the first visit by an investigator, the recall hazard increases by 21% the second time the investigator visits a specific plant, and by 57% on the third visit. We propose investigator rotation and investigator sequencing as two policies to help mitigate this increased recall risk.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0661 .
Methods of Assessment of Hydration Status and their Usefulness in Detecting Dehydration in the Elderly
Authors: Bak Aggie , Tsiami Amalia , Greene Carolynn
Published: August 2017

Assessment of hydration status is complex and difficult to achieve. Few assessment methods have been validated to accurately measure the fluid compartments in the body, but they have little application in practice. Different techniques have been developed to determine hydration status for the use in clinical settings, but their diagnostic accuracy remains questionable. Since many experts argue that there is no 'gold-standard' technique and one can never be achieved, this paper describes both, the benefits and limitations of the available methods and their usability in assessing hydration status of the elderly.
Street Vended Foods: Potential for Improving Food and Nutrition Security or A Risk Factor for Food borne Diseases in Developing Countries?
Authors: Imathiu Samuel
Published: August 2017

Street food selling is largely an informal nature of enterprise which is a common practice all over the world. In the third world countries, this normally unregulated practice is mainly used in solving socio-economic shortcomings through the provision of ready-to-eat meals at affordable prices as well as a means of providing employment. Street vended foods are readily available in many forms that the consumers can choose from, depending on their tastes and preferences, and also their affordability. Due to this, these foods, in one way or another, and directly and indirectly, can significantly influence human nutrition, food security and safety. Current literature indicates that increased consumption of street vended foods can immensely contribute to provision of nutrients and availability of food to millions of people worldwide. Of greatest importance in the current developments in street foods is the fact that they have been identified as probable means for micronutrient fortification in an effort to prevent nutritional deficiency diseases. These foods though, have potential risks to the consumers in terms of food safety issues linked to them. In the developing countries for instance, they are usually prepared under unhygienic conditions with little or no regard to food hygiene, a situation that often exposes the consumers to microbiological and chemical hazards that can have detrimental health effects in their lives. There is therefore an urgent need to promote food safety practices in the production and consumption of street vended foods, particularly in the developing countries where levels of hygiene standards are questionable, in order to ensure that the health of the consumers is safeguarded, and at the same time ensuring provision of nutritious, healthy and affordable foods that are easily accessible to all.
Growth Rate and Selenium Bioaccumulation in Pleurotus species Cultivated on Signal Grass, Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster
Authors: Ogidi Clement , Nunes Mateus , Silva Marliane de , Oyetayo Victor , Akinyele Bamidele , Catarina Megumi Maria
Published: August 2017

Supplementation of edible fungi with essential mineral during cultivation has been an interesting approach to proffer solution to mineral deficiency. Effect of selenium Se concentrations 0, 50.0, 100.0 mg mL-1 as sodium selenite on mycelial growth and biomass production of Pleurotus spp. was assessed. The biological efficiency and uptake of Se was determined after the cultivation of Pleurotus mushrooms on Urochloa decumbens signal grass with 50.0 g kg-1 of Se. The fungal growth rate and biomass production were reduced after addition of Se and their value ranged from 1.0 mm d-1 to 3.6 mm d-1 and 5.63 g to 30.5 g respectively. Higher biological efficiency (115.23%) was obtained for P. ostreatus P93 and was significantly different P<0.05 from other tested Pleurotus spp. Cultivated P. pulmonarius aborbed more Se 135.5 µg g-1 followed by Pleurotus cornucopiae 120.34 µg g-1 but no Se was detected in the control mushrooms grown on subatrate without Se. Therefore, signal grass can be used as substrate for cultivation of edible fungi Pleurotus species enriched with Se. The produced mushrooms can serve as a natural source of mineral supplement for human beings to curb the symptoms of selenium deficiency.
Effect of Addition of Jackfruit Seed Flour on Nutrimental, Phytochemical and Sensory Properties of Snack Bar
Authors: Meethal Sayooj , Kaur Narinder , Singh Jyoti , Gat Yogesh
Published: August 2017

Present study is undertaken with the aim of estimating quantitative changes in nutritional, phytochemical and sensory properties of snack bar. Nowadays consumers are more concerned about their health, so the need for the nutraceuticals has been increased. In view snack ball was prepared using varied concentrations of jackfruit seed flour and ragi in three different formulations. Present study also quantifies changes in thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acid, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of snack bar packed in polypropylene and metalized polyester films and stored under room temperature conditions for 28 days of storage study. During storage at room temperature thiobarbituric acid and free fatty acid content were increased while total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were decreased with increase in temperature and progression of storage period. Maximum retention of phytochemicals was observed in the snack ball packed in polypropylene as compared to metalized polyester films and stored at room temperature conditions. Present study indicates potential application of jackfruit seed flour for preparation of low cost nutritious value added product.
Congenital abnormalities: experiences of parents atoshakati intermediate hospital, oshana region, Namibia
Authors: Sankombo Marian , Lukolo Linda , Kanga Kimera Charles Lukanga
Published: August 2017

Background: Congenital abnormality (CA) is one among eminent problems in the society that affects the livelihood of the individual, communities and the health sector. It creates uncertainty among family members as they strive to identify ways and means to assist one another in the upbringing of these children born with an anomaly. The ultimate purpose of this study was to describe and explore the experiences of parents of children with congenital abnormalities and to identify the source of support such as parents employs when dealing with the child born with congenital abnormalities. This study was conducted at Intermediate Hospital Oshakati (IHO) in Namibia‘s Oshana region.Methods: A qualitative, explorative and a contextual study design using a phenomenological approach was utilized throughout this study. In-depth interviews were conducted with twelve “purposefully” selected participants from the population of parents of children born with congenital abnormalities whose children were either admitted in hospital or brought for follow-up. Data analysis was done using a content analytical method.Results: Data were derived from 12 participants interviewed, comprised of parents of children with reversible and irreversible conditions, long hospitalization, more frequent follow ups and those waiting for surgery. The results were categorized in seven categories, including: 1) A child with congenital abnormalities: the impact of disability; 2) Family relationships; 3) Parenting expectations and practices; 4) Altering one’s family daily life- treading a new path; 5) Social support; 6) Formal services; 7) Societal and community acceptance.Conclusion: The expectations parents had for a normal child becomes a nightmare when the child they were expecting is born with the disability. Living with such a child can be stressful for parents and other family members. Therefore, exploring and describing the lived experiences of parents of children born with congenital abnormalities is an important in the process of finding ways to assist or support parents to provide proper care for their children.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Tentang Garis Tinggi Pada Segitiga Dengan Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Dual Mode Konsentrasi IPS, UPI Kampus Serang)
Authors: Isrok’atun Isrok’atun
Published: August 2017

Knowledge is the student’s construction result that affect to the more meaningful learning. Sometimes, teachers forget that a student has self-live experiences as their initial concept. When expressed their initial concept, students will be easier to accept new material knowledge, because students will constructing their knowledge indirectly. The constructivism of learning is a teaching and learning process to make students themselves mentally active to construct their knowledge, based on cognitive structure that they ever had before. In the relationship to the student’s geometry concept, it must be considered how the students constructing this concept by their cognitive structure. Memorizing the mathematical formulation is not the guarantee that the students have been mastering to the real geometry. For example, to understand about height line in the triangle, is not an instantaneous process. It can be learned by constructing through an experiment to involving all student hands on activity process. Through the activity to make a height line, measuring, and calculating the triangle area, student will be led on the joyful activity, avoid to the bored, toward the  conclusion that every triangle, there are three height lines for the three triangle’s bases in each area.
Pewarnaan Simpul Dengan Algoritma Welch-Powell Pada Traffic Light Di Yogyakarta
Authors: Soimah Ana Mardiatus , Mussafi Noor Saif Muhammad
Published: August 2017

Traffic congestion is a problem which is often found in big cities in Indonesia. This requires a range of solutions, one of them with the settings of the traffic light. Traffic light arrangement can be completed with graph theory. Part of graph theory a graph coloring is used. Staining graf three i.e. coloring is differentiated into a knot, staining the sides, and staining region. This research examines the arrangements about traffic light using colorization algorithm Welch knot with Powell. The intersection of Data represented in the graph, which is then solved by coloring the vertices, then look for the value of the effective duration of the time compared to a traffic light settings occur at several intersections in Yogyakarta. Completion of traffic light arrangement using staining nodes provide alternative solutions duration lit the red light and green light is more effective than the secondary data at several intersections in Yogyakarta.
Model Matematika Untuk Kontrol Campak Menggunakan Vaksinasi
Authors: Ulfa Maesaroh , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: August 2017

Measles (also known as Rubeola, measles 9 day) is a highly contagious virus infection, characterized by fever, cough, conjunctiva (inflammation of the tissue lining of the eye) and skin rash. The disease is caused by infection of measles virus paramyxovirus cluster. It is a deadly disease. Vaccination is the most effective strategy to prevent the disease. It is generally given to children. This research aims to establish a model of the effect of measles vaccination, forming the point of equilibrium and analyze the stability, create a simulation model and interpret them, and to know the design to optimize the vaccination coverage required, so it can reduce the spread of this disease. This research was conducted by the method of literature study. It is expected to provide an overview of the mathematical model used to control measles vaccination with division of classes SEIR. The steps taken is identifying the problem, formulating assumptions to simplifying the model, making the transfer diagram, defining parameters, determining the equilibrium points and analyzing the stability, simulating the model, and forming the design to optimize the vaccination. Then from this research can be obtained free balance point of endemic and diseases and their stability. Based on the results obtained, the simulation is done by taking the data in Yogyakarta, and obtained vaccination coverage with two doses that can increase the herd immunity with lower vaccination coverage.
Pengujian Optimalisasi Jaringan Kabel Fiber Optic Di Universitas Islam Indonesia Menggunakan Minimum Spanning Tree
Authors: Abrori Muchammad , Ubaidillah Najib
Published: August 2017

Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) intergrated campus computer network built since 1995. Development of UII integrated campus computer network is using a star topology and fiber optic (FO) cable. Considering that the star topology is the topology that requires a lot of wires, this study was conducted to determine and examine how the application of graph on the FO cable network UII integrated campus in order to minimize the cost, because FO cable network can be modeled by a graph where the buildings as points, while FO cable that connects to each building as a line. This type of research that is used here is a case study, in which data collection by observation, interviews, and documentation. This study used 4 algorithms, that is Kruskal algorithm, Prim, Boruvka and Solin algorithm to find the Minimum Spanning Tree. Based on the research that has been done, the conclution about the troubleshooting steps of optimization UII integrated campus FO cable network based graph theory has been got. From the four algorithms obtained the most optimal results FO cable length 4.700 meters long and is 1.590 meters cable lines. While the results of observations made, it is known that the existing computer network in UII integrated campus has a cable length of 6.120 meters and 2.050 meters long track. The results of the analysis showed that the resulrs of the study 23.2% more optimal than the existing computer networks in UII integrated campus.
Analisis Portofolio Optimum Saham Syariah Menggunakan Mean Semivarian
Authors: Entrisnasari Fantika Vera
Published: August 2017

Saham adalah salah satu sekuritas yang sering dipilih untuk melakukan investasi. Dalam investasi saham, seorang investor harus membuat portofolio optimal agar memperoleh hasil yang memuaskan (return tinggi atau risiko rendah). Salah satu metode untuk membentuk portofolio optimal adalah metode mean-varians yang diperkenalkan Markowitz, tapi metode ini mempunyai asumsi yang sering tidak terpenuhi dalam kenyataannya. Sehingga Markowitz memperkenalkan metode meansemivarians dari pendekatan risiko menurun. Dalam prakteknya, metode mean-varians lebih sering digunakan daripada metode mean-semivarians karena perhitungan mean-semivarians yang lebih sulit. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh saham yang termasuk pada saham Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) periode Juni 2013 – Mei 2015.  Indeks Sharpe portofolio metode mean-semivarians adalah 0,020098155.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matematika Berbasis Ekonomi Syariah Untuk Madrasah Tsanawiyah
Authors: Nu’man Mulin
Published: August 2017

This research aims to develop mathematical teaching materials based on sharia economy for madrasah tsanawiyah students with good quality. The method used in the study is the development model adapted from Borg & Gall is the preliminary stage, development, and validation. The preliminary stage includes literature studies, analysis of the needs and characteristics of students, and to plan and choose the design of teaching materials. The development phase includes determining the competence standard, basic competence, indicators, and the subject matter, compiling teaching materials math, and prepare research instruments. The validation phase includes validation expert and revisions. Results of the study are social arithmetic teaching materials based on sharia economy. Each material begins with the problem of economic comparison of Islamic and conventional. The feasibility of the value of teaching materials is Very Good for aspects of the look and Very Good for the material aspects. With these criteria very well, teaching materials are feasible for use in the learning of mathematics in the social arithmetic material.
Pemodelan Matematika Bekam Pada Kanker Nasofaring Dan Kontribusinya Bagi Penanganan Kanker Nasofaring
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: August 2017

Cancer / Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a cancer of the first malignancy in the head and neck. It is located in nasopharynx, behind the nose. Ebstein Barr virus is one of the triggers of this carcinoma. Cupping is a process of detoxification of toxins in the body so as immunity increases. Quite a lot of the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad about the cupping. The method used in this study mathematical modeling nasofang carcinoma cell level. There are two cases which are modeled in this case, the first case of low immunity without cupping, and second case low immunity with the cupping. The first case of low immunity without a cupping here are seven sub-populations that happened, ie normal cells, lesion cells, low dysplastic cells, the infected cells, high dysplastic cells, invasive carcinoma cells and viruses. Meanwhile, two cases of low immunity with the cupping there are five sub-populations, ie normal cells, lesion cells, low dysplastic cells, the infected cells, and viruses.
Masalah Peredaman Gangguan (Disturbance Attenuation Problem) Untuk Sistem Linear Time Invariant Lingkar Terbuka Dengan Pendekatan Permainan Dinamis
Authors: Musthofa Muhammad Wakhid
Published: August 2017

Makalah ini membahas tentang desain kendali robust untuk mengatasi peredaman gangguan yang terjadi pada suatu sistem dinamik Linear Time Invariant (LTI). Tidak seperti metode yang biasa dilakukan dalam mendesain kendali robust, dalam makalah ini kendali robust didesain dengan menggunakan pendekatan permainan dinamis. Disamping desain kendali, dalam makalah ini juga dibahas batas terkecil dari parameter  sebagai level peredaman gangguan. Selanjutnya disajikan contoh numerik desain kendali robust melalui pendekatan domain frekuensi dan permainan dinamis.
Dinamika Perkembangan Matematika Abad Pertengahan Hingga Munculnya Gerakan Renaissance (Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah)
Authors: Arrifada Yuni , Rofiqoh Dewi , Kusaeri Kusaeri
Published: August 2017

Islam pernah mencapai masa keemasan dengan lahirnya tokoh-tokoh muslim yang tidak hanya menguasai fiqih dan tafsir, tetapi juga ahli dalam matematika dan astronomi. Pemikirannya sangat mempengaruhi perkembangan matematika di dunia.  Namun kini dunia Islam mengalami kemunduran dengan semakin tersisihnya tokoh matematikawan muslim oleh matematikawan dari barat (Eropa). Oleh karenanya,  penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menelusuri penyebab kemajuan perkembangan matematika di negara-negara Islam pada abad pertengahan,  (2)  mengungkap  penyebab munculnya gerakan renaissance di Eropa, dan (3)  mengungkap hikmah yang dapat diambil terhadap pembelajaran matematika di sekolah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research), dengan data yang didapatkan dari buku-buku bacaan ilmiah, jurnal ilmiah, laporan penelitian, situs internet dan lainya yang relevan dengan sejarah matematika abad pertengahan dan zaman Renaissance. Data yang telah terkumpul, selanjutnya dilakukan pemilahan dengan cara organize, synthesize dan identify. Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan: (1) penyebab kemajuan perkembangan matematika di negara-negara Islam pada abad pertengahan yakni gencarnya kegiatan penerjemahan karya-karya matematika asing dan dukungan yang luar biasa para khalifah pada pengkajian matematika, (2) munculnya gerakan renaissance di Eropa sebagai wujud pemberontakan masyarakat Eropa atas doktrin gereja yang melarang perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan sehingga masyarakat Barat banyak yang lari ke negara Islam untuk menyerap karya matematikawan muslim dan membuat gerakan renaissance, dan (3) berdasarkan dua peristiwa penting bisa diambil hikmah terhadap pembelajaran matematika di sekolah. Khususnya bagi para peserta didik dalam belajar matematika dengan mengadopsi semangat keilmuwan dan menamkan sikap pantang menyerah dan percaya diri.
Beberapa Sifat Ideal Bersih-N
Authors: Isnaini Uha
Published: August 2017

Diketahui R ring dengan elemen satuan dan I ideal di R. Dalam tulisan ini akan dikaji ideal bersih-n yang merupakan perumuman ideal bersih dan belum pernah dikaji oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Ideal I disebut ideal bersih-n jika untuk setiap elemen ideal I dapat dinyatakan dalam jumlahan suatu idempoten di R dengan n buah unit di R. Dalam tulisan dibicarakan beberapa sifat dari ideal bersih-n yang meliputi : definisi dan contoh ideal bersih-n, hubungan antara ideal bersih-n dengan ideal peralihan, sifat ideal bersih-n jika dikaitkan dengan isomorfisma, Kartesian produk dari ideal bersih-n, serta pembentukan matriks atas ideal bersih-n.
Penyelesaian Persamaan Diferensial Hill Dengan Menggunakan Teori Floquet
Authors: Inayati Syarifah
Published: August 2017

Analisis matematis dari berbagai macam masalah fisis banyak menghasilkan suatu perumusan yang melibatkan persamaan diferensial. Salah satu diantaranya yaitu jenis persamaan diferensial Hill yang merupakan suatu persamaan diferensial orde dua dengan koefisien berupa fungsi periodik. Bentuk persamaan diferensial tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan teori Floquet.
Kesemiprimaan Aljabar Lintasan dan Aljabar Lintasan Leavit
Authors: Wardati Khurul
Published: August 2017

Aljabar lintasan RE dan aljabar lintasan Leavitt LR (E) atas ring komutatif unital R dikonstruksi dari semigrupring yang merupakan aljabar asosiatif dan bebas. Syarat perlu dan cukup RE prima mendasar, semiprima mendasar dan LR (E) prima mendasar masing-masing berkaitan dengan struktur grafnya. Akan tetapi, kesemiprimaan LR (E) bergantung pada R yang semiprima. Hal ini berakibat sebarang aljabar lintasan leavitt atas lapangan selalu semiprima.
Triggering Change: Police Homicides, Community Healing, and the Emergent Eventfulness of the New Civil Rights
Authors: Raschig Megan
Published: August 2017

In the spring and summer of 2014, both before and after Ferguson, four police officer–involved shootings of unarmed Latino men occurred in the often criminalized and mostly Mexican enclave of East Salinas, California. These deaths at the hands of state agents created significant triggers for many locals—knee-jerk reactions to present stimuli in relation to difficult and diffuse past experiences—generating unprecedented, and sometimes unacknowledged, affective and ethical responses among those who have long abided countless unresolved gang-related deaths in the city. The official downplaying of the deaths as something that “never happens here” stood in contrast to resident responses that stressed the ongoing, if less overt, occurrence of state disregard. Such disparity, as registered in many East Salinans’ triggers, indicates the relative eventfulness of state violence that is both slow and ongoing, in addition to occasionally spectacular, in criminalized communities in late liberal America. As a concept imported from psychology in the general mainstreaming of discourses of trauma, triggers are conceptualized here instead as socially generated and ethically generative, a way of marking and making time and transforming the systematic exhaustion of criminalized life into a political resource. Tracing these temporal tripwires ethnographically in East Salinas, in light of a local social project of healing, illuminates the affective and ethical impetus to both political engagement and disengagement in persistently criminalized communities of color as they encounter police homicides and state violence, refracting the proliferating project of making lives matter.
Tangles of Care: Killing Goats to Save Tortoises on the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Bocci Paolo
Published: August 2017

If calls to care for other species multiply in a time of global and local environmental crisis, this article demonstrates that caring practices are not always as benevolent or irenic as imagined. To save endemic tortoises from the menace of extinction, Proyecto Isabela killed more than two hundred thousand goats on the Galápagos Islands in the largest mammal eradication campaign in the world. While anthropologists have looked at human engagements with unwanted species as habitual and even pleasurable, I discuss an exceptional intervention that was ethically inflected toward saving an endemic species, yet also controversial and distressing. Exploring eradication’s biological, ecological, and political implications and discussing opposing practices of care for goats among residents, I move past the recognition that humans live in a multispecies world and point to the contentious nature of living with nonhuman others. I go on to argue that realizing competing forms of care may help conservation measures—and, indeed, life in the Anthropocene—to move beyond the logic of success and failure toward an open-ended commitment to the more-than-human.
Auto-Construction Redux: The City as Method
Authors: Corsín Jiménez Alberto
Published: August 2017

This article recuperates the concept of auto-construction as a heuristic for anthropological theory and method. Drawing on the concept’s original usage in urban studies, I suggest that auto-construction offers a handle for grasping not only how grassroots projects mobilize resources, materials, and relations in ways that are inventive and transformative of urban ecologies but that it also helps outline how theory itself is auto-constructed: the operations of problematization through which situations are navigated and designed into methods of inquiry and exploration. I read auto-construction, in other words, as both an empirical and theoretical descriptor, a sort of auto-heuristics for thinking of the city as method. The argument is illustrated by an ethnographic account of work with guerrilla architectural and countercultural collectives in Madrid, focusing in particular on the transformation of a vacant open-air site in the heart of the city into a self-organized community project, exploring how activists variously problematized the city as method.
Who Buys Counterfeit Luxury Brands? A Meta-Analytic Synthesis of Consumers in Developing and Developed Markets
Authors: Eisend Martin , Hartmann Patrick , Apaolaza Vanessa
Published: August 2017

Although numerous previous studies have investigated consumer demographics and psychographics as determinants of counterfeit purchases, their findings are diverse and fragmented. In conceptually referring to the brand signals that help consumers build their identities, the present meta-analysis synthesizes the influence of consumer demographics and psychographics on attitudes, intentions, and behaviors with regard to branded counterfeit luxury products. It empirically summarizes 610 effect sizes from 98 independent studies and shows that whereas demographics have little impact, some psychographics greatly influence counterfeit purchases, with these influences differing between developed and developing countries. In the former, risk propensity and reduced integrity are stronger determinants of counterfeit purchases and are related to brand signals that refer to identities that consumers attempt to avoid. In developing countries, consumers are more influenced by psychographics, such as status seeking, which are related to positive brand signals for consumer identities. The findings lead to a profile of consumers of counterfeit luxury items that provides guidance for future research and for improved consumer targeting with regard to international anticounterfeiting measures.
Improving Consumer Mindset Metrics and Shareholder Value through Social Media: The Different Roles of Owned and Earned Media
Authors: Colicev Anatoli , Malshe Ashwin , Pauwels Koen , O'Connor Peter
Published: August 2017

Although research has examined the social media–shareholder value link, the role of consumer mindset metrics in this relationship remains unexplored. To this end, drawing on the elaboration likelihood model and accessibility/diagnosticity perspective, the authors hypothesize varying effects of owned and earned social media (OSM and ESM) on brand awareness, purchase intent, and customer satisfaction and link these consumer mindset metrics to shareholder value (abnormal returns and idiosyncratic risk). Analyzing daily data for 45 brands in 21 sectors using vector autoregression models, they find that brand fan following improves all three mindset metrics. ESM engagement volume affects brand awareness and purchase intent but not customer satisfaction, while ESM positive and negative valence have the largest effects on customer satisfaction. OSM increases brand awareness and customer satisfaction but not purchase intent, highlighting a nonlinear effect of OSM. Interestingly, OSM is more likely to increase purchase intent for high involvement utilitarian brands and for brands with higher reputation, implying that running a socially responsible business lends more credibility to OSM. Finally, purchase intent and customer satisfaction positively affect shareholder value.
Growth induced buckling instability of anisotropic tube and its application in wound edge instability
Authors: Yang Le , Witten Tarynn M. , Pidaparti Ramana M.
Published: August 2017

Fiber reinforced anisotropic material abounds in biological world. It has been demonstrated in previous theoretical and experimental works that growth of biological soft tubular tissue plays a significant role in morphogenesis and pathology. Here we investigate growth-induced buckling of anisotropic cylindrical tissue, focusing on the effects of type of growth(constraint/unconstraint, isotropic/anisotropic), fiber property(orientation, density and strength), geometry and any interaction between these factors. We studied one-layer and two-layer models and obtained a rich spectrum of results. For one-layer model, we demonstrate that circumferential fiber orientation has a consistent stabilizing effect under various scenarios of growth. Higher fiber density has a destabilizing effect by disabling high-mode buckling. For two-layer model, we found that critical buckling strain at inner boundary is an invariant under same isotropic growth rate ratio between inner/ outer layer(g1 /g0). Then we applied our model to wound healing and illustrate the effects of skin residual stress, fiber property, proliferation region width and wound size on the wound edge stability. We conclude that fiber-reinforcement is an important factor to consider when investigating growth induced instability of anisotropic soft tissue.
The indeterminacy of word segmentation and the nature of morphology and syntax
Authors: Martin Haspelmath
Published: August 2017

The general distinction between morphology and syntax is widely taken for granted, but it crucially depends on a cross-linguistically valid concept of ‘(morphosyntactic) word’. I show that there are no good criteria for defining such a concept. I examine ten criteria in some detail (potential pauses, free occurrence, mobility, uninterruptibility, non-selectivity, non-coordinatability, anaphoric islandhood, nonextractability, morphophonological idiosyncrasies, and deviations from bi-uniqueness), and I show that none of them is necessary and sufficient on its own, and no combination of them gives a definition of ‘word’ that accords with linguists’ orthographic practice. ‘Word’ can be defined as a language-specific concept, but this is not relevant to the general question pursued here. ‘Word’ can be defined as a fuzzy concept, but this is theoretically meaningful only if the continuum between affixes and words, or words and phrases, shows some clustering, for which there is no systematic evidence at present. Thus, I conclude that we do not currently have a good basis for dividing the domain of morphosyntax into morphology and syntax, and that linguists should be very careful with general claims that make crucial reference to a cross-linguistic ‘word’ notion.
The non-terracing tone system of Lolobi-Siwu
Authors: Ford Kevin C. , Iddah Robert K.
Published: August 2017

Siwu, a Ghana-Togo Mountain language spoken in Volta Region, Ghana, is a lexical tone language with three level tones, Low, High and Extra-high. Siwu has three distinct end-tones to mark positive-imperatives, non-WH-interrogatives, and negatives, and an additional end-tone to mark emphatic questions. All words form four tone classes – those with final Low tones which do not affect following tones, and three other classes, two of which assimilate following tones, and one which dissimilates following High and Extra-high tones. Two floating tones are posited: an Extra-high tone as an emp marker and a High tone as a poss marker to explain the changes affecting NP
poss
+NP structures.
Alles Inklusion, oder was?
Authors: Körner Swen
Published: August 2017

Der Inklusionsbegriff hat sich in den letzten Jahren gesellschaftlich etabliert. Inklusion tritt dabei vor allem auf als Forderung. Die Sportwissenschaft und hier insbesondere die Sportpädagogik haben den fordernden Inklusionsbegriff insgesamt eher ungebrochen übernommen. Inklusion versteht man hier vor allem als gesellschaftlichen Auftrag und ist mit dessen Umsetzung befasst. Lange vor dieser Konjunktur hat die soziologische Systemtheorie einen Inklusionsbegriff eingeführt, der dem normativen Verständnis diametral gegenübersteht. Verstanden als Relevanzmarkierung von Menschen für Kommunikation, ist Inklusion systemtheoretisch ein Faktum moderner Gesellschaften.

Im sportwissenschaftlich-sportpädagogischen Inklusionsdiskurs spielt die Systemtheorie der Inklusion bislang so gut wie keine Rolle. Der Beitrag setzt hier an. Ziel folgender Überlegungen ist es, dem gesellschaftlich und in der Sportwissenschaft vorherrschenden normativen Begriffsverständnis von Inklusion eine systemtheoretische Gebrauchsform gegenüber zu stellen. Für sportwissenschaftliche und sportpädagogische Inklusionsforschung bietet die Systemtheorie der Inklusion ein bislang kaum genutztes Analyse- und Reflexionspotenzial.
Evaluating Fatigue in Crystalline Intact Rocks under Completely Reversed Loading
Authors: Jamali Saeed , Hashemolhosseini Hamid , Baghbanan Alireza , Khoshkam Mohsen , Haghgouei Hadi
Published: August 2017

Based on a fatigue testing machine common for metals, a new fatigue testing machine was developed to investigate the fatigue behavior of different rocks under completely reversed loading condition. The stress-life method was applied and the existence of the endurance limit was evaluated for three crystalline quarry stones from Iran, Natanz gabbro, Maroon marble, and Green onyx, which have different mineral compositions and grain distributions. The results indicate a similar linear trend in the variation of ultimate stress versus loading cycle number (S-N diagram) as well as the existence of the endurance limit as observed in ferrous metals. Moreover, the results illustrated that the endurance limits for all crystalline rocks of this study are obtained between 0.4 to 0.6 of their static tensile strengths. The higher fatigue resistance appeared in finer grained rocks.
NF-κB Activation Protects Oligodendrocytes against Inflammation
Authors: Stone Sarrabeth , Jamison Stephanie , Yue Yuan , Durose Wilaiwan , Schmidt-Ullrich Ruth , Lin Wensheng
Published: August 2017

NF-κB is a key player in inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the effects of NF-κB activation on oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE remain unknown. We generated a mouse model that expresses IκBαΔN, a super-suppressor of NF-κB, specifically in oligodendrocytes and demonstrated that IκBαΔN expression had no effect on oligodendrocytes under normal conditions (both sexes). Interestingly, we showed that oligodendrocyte-specific expression of IκBαΔN blocked NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes and resulted in exacerbated oligodendrocyte death and hypomyelination in young, developing mice that express IFN-γ ectopically in the CNS (both sexes). We also showed that NF-κB inactivation in oligodendrocytes aggravated IFN-γ-induced remyelinating oligodendrocyte death and remyelination failure in the cuprizone model (male mice). Moreover, we found that NF-κB inactivation in oligodendrocytes increased the susceptibility of mice to EAE (female mice). These findings imply the cytoprotective effects of NF-κB activation on oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. NF-κB is a major player in inflammatory diseases that acts by regulating inflammation and cell viability. Data indicate that NF-κB activation in inflammatory cells facilitates the development of MS. However, to date, attempts to understand the role of NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes in MS have been unsuccessful. Herein, we generated a mouse model that allows for inactivation of NF-κB specifically in oligodendrocytes and then used this model to determine the precise role of NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes in models of MS. The results presented in this study represent the first demonstration that NF-κB activation acts cell autonomously to protect oligodendrocytes against inflammation in animal models of MS.