bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Band offset determination for amorphous Al2O3 deposited on bulk AlN and atomic-layer epitaxial AlN on sapphire
Authors: Fares Chaker , Ren Fan , Tadjer Marko J. , Woodward Jeffrey , Mastro Michael A. , Feigelson Boris N. , Eddy Charles R. , Pearton S. J.
Published: November 2020

Valence and conduction band offsets of atomic layer deposition (ALD) Al2O3 deposited on bulk AlN crystals were determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to be ΔEV = 0.75 eV and ΔEC = −1.45 eV, with a measured energy gap of the Al2O3 film of 6.9 eV. In addition, crystalline AlN deposited by atomic layer epitaxy on sapphire was evaluated, resulting in a valence band offset of ΔEV = −0.75 eV and a conduction band offset of ΔEC = 3.25 eV due to the wider bandgap of the crystalline Al2O3 substrate compared to amorphous ALD Al2O3. Both heterojunctions exhibited type-II behavior and similar valence band offsets.
Improving efficiency of measuring individual 1H coupling networks by pure shift 2D J-resolved NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Yulan , Yan Ming , Su Jianwei , Huang Yuqing , Feng Jianghua , Chen Zhong
Published: November 2020

The 1H coupling networks, including 1H–1H correlation and J coupling values, provide the important information for structure elucidation and conformation analysis. However, the presence of a large number of couplings and the phase-twist lineshapes often prevents revealing 1H coupling networks. Here, we provide a clean absorption-mode 2D NMR method, SIMAJ (SImple Methods for 2D Absorption mode J-resolved spectrum), for a straightforward assignment and measurement of the coupling network involving the chosen proton. Relying on the pure shift element, 1H–1H couplings and chemical shift evolution are totally separately demonstrating along the F1 and F2 dimensions, respectively. Processing with a single experiment dataset and free of 45° spectral shearing, an absorption-mode 2D J-resolved spectrum can be reconstructed. Two pulse sequences were proposed as examples. The SIMAJ signal processing method will be a general procedure for obtaining absorption-mode lineshapes when analyzing the experiment datasets with chemical shifts and J coupling multiplets in the orthogonal dimensions. With excellent sensitivity, high spectral purity, and ability of easily identifying 1H–1H correlations, significant improvements are beneficial for structural, conformational, or complex composition analyses.
InP quantum dots for dislocation-tolerant, visible light emitters on Si
Authors: Dhingra Pankul , Fan Shizhao , Sun Yukun , Hool Ryan D , Eng Brendan , Lee Minjoo Larry
Published: November 2020

Quantum dots (QDs) epitaxially grown on Si are promising for monolithic integration of light sources on a Si photonics platform. Unlike quantum well (QW) lasers on Si, 1.3 μm InAs QD lasers on Si show similar threshold current to those grown on GaAs owing to their better dislocation tolerance. To date, research on dislocation-tolerant QDs has exclusively focused on materials emitting at telecom wavelengths. In this work, we report visible InP QDs on Si with photoluminescence (PL) intensity similar to their counterparts grown on GaAs despite high threading dislocation density (TDD). In contrast, visible InGaP QWs grown on Si with the same TDD value show 9× degradation in PL intensity compared to QWs grown on GaAs. The dislocation tolerance of InP QDs arises from their high density relative to TDD and the lateral carrier confinement that they provide. InP QDs on Si with bright PL are promising for low-cost light emitters and integrated photonics applications requiring monolithic red-light sources.
Exposing the distinctive modular behavior of β-strands and α-helices in folded proteins
Authors: Wang Huabing , Logan Derek T. , Danielsson Jens , Oliveberg Mikael
Published: November 2020

Significance

Despite the vast number of known protein topologies, the actual behavior and selective traits of their constituent α- and β-secondary-structure elements remain elusive. The reason is that the high-energy fluctuations associated with their motions in folded proteins are intrinsically difficult to measure. Here, we circumvent this problem by presenting an alternative, and generally applicable, protein-design strategy that activates dynamic swapping of entire α- and β-elements in the folded ground state. We find that the behavior of the α- and β-elements is, indeed, very distinct where the differences in structural and dynamic properties have relevance not only for the understanding of protein function, but also for the mechanism of structural evolution per se.
Paleocene latitude of the Kohistan–Ladakh arc indicates multistage India–Eurasia collision
Authors: Martin Craig R. , Jagoutz Oliver , Upadhyay Rajeev , Royden Leigh H. , Eddy Michael P. , Bailey Elizabeth , Nichols Claire I. O. , Weiss Benjamin P.
Published: November 2020

Significance

We present paleomagnetic constraints on the latitude of an intraoceanic subduction system that is now sutured between India and Eurasia in the western Himalaya. Our results demonstrate that the India–Eurasia collision was a multistage process involving at least two subduction systems rather than a single-stage event. This resolves the discrepancy between the amount of convergence and the observed crustal shortening in the India–Eurasia collision system, as well as the 10–15 Ma time lag between collision onset in India and the initiation of collision-related deformation and metamorphism in Eurasia. The presence of an additional subduction system in the Neotethys ocean explains the rapid India–Eurasia convergence rates in the Cretaceous and global climate variations in the Cenozoic.
Quantification of organic aerosol and brown carbon evolution in fresh wildfire plumes
Authors: Palm Brett B. , Peng Qiaoyun , Fredrickson Carley D. , Lee Ben H. , Garofalo Lauren A. , Pothier Matson A. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Farmer Delphine K. , Pokhrel Rudra P. , Shen Yingjie , Murphy Shane M. , Permar Wade , Hu Lu , Campos Teresa L. , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Zhang Xuan , Flocke Frank , Fischer Emily V. , Thornton Joel A.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Wildfire emissions in the western United States have had increasingly larger impacts on air quality, health, and climate forcing in recent decades. However, our understanding of how wildfire plume composition evolves remains incomplete. Particularly, the evolution of carbonaceous material, including fine particle mass (PM
2.5
) and light-absorbing brown carbon, has remained elusive because of limited knowledge about the interplay between primary emissions and subsequent chemical and physical transformations that convert material between vapors and particles. Using a comprehensive analysis of in situ wildfire smoke measurements in combination with simulation chamber experiments, we quantitatively assess primary versus secondary organic particulate matter and brown carbon light absorption in authentic wildfires plumes. These results improve our fundamental knowledge of wildfire plume composition and evolution.
Feminist activism on Twitter
Authors: Palomino-Manjón Patricia
Published: November 2020

The emergence of digital platforms has allowed feminists to employ new methods to fight gender inequality and break the silence which surrounds gender-based aggression. This paper aims to examine evaluative discourses employed by Twitter users to construct and denounce sexual violence in a corpus of tweets containing the hashtag #WhyIDidntReport. This hashtag was created in 2018 as a response to Donald Trump’s tweets in which he questioned Dr. Christine Blasey Ford’s decision not to report her case of sexual assault when it occurred. As a result, victim-survivors adopted the hashtag to explain why they did not report their own cases. The present study adopts a corpus-assisted discourse analysis approach and draws on Appraisal Theory to examine ideological discourses of (sexually) violent acts and victim-survivors. Results show the presence of discourses of violence and emotional suffering employed to bond around shared experiences and publicly denounce oppressive patriarchal practices and a lack of support from institutions and authorities.
Nanotechnology for catalysis and solar energy conversion
Authors: Banin U , Waiskopf N , Hammarström L , Boschloo G , Freitag M , Johansson E M J , Sá J , Tian H , Johnston M B , Herz L M , Milot R L , Kanatzidis M G , Ke W , Spanopoulos I , Kohlstedt K L , Schatz G C , Lewis N , Meyer T , Nozik A J , Beard M C , Armstrong F , Megarity C F , Schmuttenmaer C A , Batista V S , Brudvig G W
Published: November 2020

This roadmap on Nanotechnology for Catalysis and Solar Energy Conversion focuses on the application of nanotechnology in addressing the current challenges of energy conversion: ‘high efficiency, stability, safety, and the potential for low-cost/scalable manufacturing’ to quote from the contributed article by Nathan Lewis. This roadmap focuses on solar-to-fuel conversion, solar water splitting, solar photovoltaics and bio-catalysis. It includes dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells, and organic photovoltaics. Smart engineering of colloidal quantum materials and nanostructured electrodes will improve solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, as described in the articles by Waiskopf and Banin and Meyer. Semiconductor nanoparticles will also improve solar energy conversion efficiency, as discussed by Boschloo et al in their article on DSSCs. Perovskite solar cells have advanced rapidly in recent years, including new ideas on 2D and 3D hybrid halide perovskites, as described by Spanopoulos et al ‘Next generation’ solar cells using multiple exciton generation (MEG) from hot carriers, described in the article by Nozik and Beard, could lead to remarkable improvement in photovoltaic efficiency by using quantization effects in semiconductor nanostructures (quantum dots, wires or wells). These challenges will not be met without simultaneous improvement in nanoscale characterization methods. Terahertz spectroscopy, discussed in the article by Milot et al is one example of a method that is overcoming the difficulties associated with nanoscale materials characterization by avoiding electrical contacts to nanoparticles, allowing characterization during device operation, and enabling characterization of a single nanoparticle. Besides experimental advances, computational science is also meeting the challenges of nanomaterials synthesis. The article by Kohlstedt and Schatz discusses the computational frameworks being used to predict structure–property relationships in materials and devices, including machine learning methods, with an emphasis on organic photovoltaics. The contribution by Megarity and Armstrong presents the ‘electrochemical leaf’ for improvements in electrochemistry and beyond. In addition, biohybrid approaches can take advantage of efficient and specific enzyme catalysts. These articles present the nanoscience and technology at the forefront of renewable energy development that will have significant benefits to society.
A fieldmap-driven few-channel shim coil design for MRI of the human brain
Authors: Pinho Meneses Bruno , Amadon Alexis
Published: November 2020

We exploit the inter-subject similarity of inhomogeneous static magnetic field patterns arising in the human brain under MRI examination to design a small set of shim coils providing performance equivalent to numerous coils based on high-order Spherical Harmonics corrections. A hundred brain B
0-maps were first collected at 3 T. Ideal subject-specific electric current density stream functions are then computed with low power constraints, on a cylindrical surface. This step is repeated over tens of brain maps so that a Principal Component Analysis can be applied to the stream functions; the main components result in the small set of coils. Both 50-subject hold-out and 10-fold cross-validation are employed to evaluate consistency of the proposed system performance over a posteriori subjects. Simulations show that only three cylindrical coils manage to capture the principal magnetic field profiles in the human brain, thus providing a better static field inhomogeneity mitigation than that obtained from 16 unlimited-power high-order Spherical Harmonics coils, with inhomogeneity greatly reduced in the pre-frontal cortex compared to 2nd-order shimmed baseline field acquisitions. The approach provides a very reduced channel count system for mitigating complex B
0-inhomogeneity patterns. Thus, a compact, cost-effective system could be conceived and driven by relatively low-budget electronics. The method should therefore have a strong impact in both ultra-high and portable low-field MRI/MRS. Moreover, this technique can be applied to the design of shim coils addressing anatomies other than the brain.
Preliminary dosimetric analysis of DOTA-folate radiopharmaceutical radiolabelled with 47Sc produced through natV(p,x)47Sc cyclotron irradiation
Authors: Nardo L De , Pupillo G , Mou L , Furlanetto D , Rosato A , Esposito J , Meléndez-Alafort L
Published: November 2020

47Sc is one of the most promising theranostic radionuclides, thanks to its low energy γ-ray emission (159 keV), suitable for single photon emission computed tomography imaging and its intense β
− emission, useful for tumour treatment. Despite promising preclinical results, the translation of 47Sc-therapeutic agents to the clinic is hampered by its limited availability. Among different 47Sc-production routes currently being investigated, the natV(p,x)47Sc reaction has proved to be of particular interest, thanks to the low-cost and easy availability on the market of natV material and the diffusion of medium energy proton cyclotrons. However, the cross section of this specific nuclear reaction is quite low and small amounts of Sc-contaminants are co-produced at energies E
P ≤ 45 MeV, namely 48Sc and 46Sc. The main concern with these Sc-contaminants is their contribution to the patient absorbed dose. For such a reason, the absorbed dose contributions to healthy organs and the effective dose contributions by the three radioisotopes, 48Sc, 47Sc and 46Sc, were evaluated using DOTA-folate conjugate (cm10) as an example of radiopharmaceutical product. Considering as acceptable the limits of 99% for the radionuclidic purity and 10% for the contribution of radioactive Sc-contaminants to the total effective dose after 47Sc-cm10 injection, it was obtained that proton beam energies below 35 MeV must be used to produce 47Sc through irradiation of a natV target.
On the robustness of deep learning-based lung-nodule classification for CT images with respect to image noise
Authors: Shen Chenyang , Tsai Min-Yu , Chen Liyuan , Li Shulong , Nguyen Dan , Wang Jing , Jiang Steve B , Jia Xun
Published: November 2020

Robustness is an important aspect when evaluating a method of medical image analysis. In this study, we investigated the robustness of a deep learning (DL)-based lung-nodule classification model for CT images with respect to noise perturbations. A deep neural network (DNN) was established to classify 3D CT images of lung nodules into malignant or benign groups. The established DNN was able to predict malignancy rate of lung nodules based on CT images, achieving the area under the curve of 0.91 for the testing dataset in a tenfold cross validation as compared to radiologists’ prediction. We then evaluated its robustness against noise perturbations. We added to the input CT images noise signals generated randomly or via an optimization scheme using a realistic noise model based on a noise power spectrum for a given mAs level, and monitored the DNN’s output. The results showed that the CT noise was able to affect the prediction results of the established DNN model. With random noise perturbations at 100 mAs, DNN’s predictions for 11.2% of training data and 17.4% of testing data were successfully altered by at least once. The percentage increased to 23.4% and 34.3%, respectively, for optimization-based perturbations. We further evaluated robustness of models with different architectures, parameters, number of output labels, etc, and robustness concern was found in these models to different degrees. To improve model robustness, we empirically proposed an adaptive training scheme. It fine-tuned the DNN model by including perturbations in the training dataset that successfully altered the DNN’s perturbations. The adaptive scheme was repeatedly performed to gradually improve DNN’s robustness. The numbers of perturbations at 100 mAs affecting DNN’s predictions were reduced to 10.8% for training and 21.1% for testing by the adaptive training scheme after two iterations. Our study illustrated that robustness may potentially be a concern for an exemplary DL-based lung-nodule classification model for CT images, indicating the needs for evaluating and ensuring model robustness when developing similar models. The proposed adaptive training scheme may be able to improve model robustness.
NeuroDAC: an open-source arbitrary biosignal waveform generator
Authors: Powell M P , Anso J , Gilron R , Provenza N R , Allawala A B , Sliva D D , Bijanki K R , Oswalt D , Adkinson J , Pouratian N , Sheth S A , Goodman W K , Jones S R , Starr P A , Borton D A
Published: November 2020

Objective. Researchers are developing biomedical devices with embedded closed-loop algorithms for providing advanced adaptive therapies. As these devices become more capable and algorithms become more complex, tasked with integrating and interpreting multi-channel, multi-modal electrophysiological signals, there is a need for flexible bench-top testing and prototyping. We present a methodology for leveraging off-the-shelf audio equipment to construct a biosignal waveform generator capable of streaming pre-recorded biosignals from a host computer. By re-playing known, well-characterized, but physiologically relevant real-world biosignals into a device under test, researchers can evaluate their systems without the need for expensive in vivo experiments. Approach. An open-source design based on the proposed methodology is described and validated, the NeuroDAC. NeuroDAC allows for 8 independent channels of biosignal playback using a simple, custom designed attenuation and buffering circuit. Applications can communicate with the device over a USB interface using standard audio drivers. On-board analog amplitude adjustment is used to maximize the dynamic range for a given signal and can be independently tuned for each channel. Main results. Low noise component selection yields a no-signal noise floor of just 5.35 ± 0.063. NeuroDAC’s frequency response is characterized with a high pass −3 dB rolloff at 0.57 Hz, and is capable of accurately reproducing a wide assortment of biosignals ranging from EMG, EEG, and ECG to extracellularly recorded neural activity. We also present an application example using the device to test embedded algorithms on a closed-loop neural modulation device, the Medtronic RC+S. Significance. By making the design of NeuroDAC open-source we aim to present an accessible tool for rapidly prototyping new biomedical devices and algorithms than can be easily modified based on individual testing needs.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT04281134, NCT03437928, NCT03582891
Biodiesel Synthesis from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) by Palm Oil Industry Product using Metal-Hydroxyapatite Catalyst
Authors: Muria Sri Rezeki , Azis Yelmida , Khairat  , Putri Desy Erika , Zultiniar  , Syafruddin
Published: November 2020

Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), has been successfully synthesized hydrothermally from eggshells or shells through the formation of Precipitate Calcium Carbonate (PCC). For biomedical applications, some synthesized HApare still calcium deficient (HApdc), so they do not meet specifications as implants or fillers of bone and teeth. Because it is resistant to high temperatures and has pores, in this study HApdc used as a catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel from palm fatty acid (PFAD). In the initial stage, HAp is impregnated with metals: Cu, Co and Ni and produces catalysts Cu-HAp, Co-HAp and NI-HAp. Furthermore, the metal-HAp catalyst is used in the PFAD esterification process into biodiesel. PFAD has free fatty acid (ALB) levels reaching 90%. Cu-HAp catalyst, giving the highest conversion yield of biodiesel (94.4%), with specific gravity 0.84 g/ml (40 ° C, viscosity 4,811 Cst, acid number 0.5533 gr KOH / gr oil, flash point 120 ° C and a calorific value of 9813 Kcal/kg in accordance with ISO standards-04-7182-2006. Analysis of the chemical components in the form of biodiesel from PFAD: Methyl Ester Heksadekanoat (53.1%); ME 9, Oktadekenoat (32.81%); ME octadecanoic (2:59 %) and ME 9,12, Octadecadienoic (5.93%) and a little Hexadecanoic Acid (5.57%).
Terpenoid as Antibacterial Produced by Endophyte Fusarium oxysporum LBKURCC41 from Dahlia variabilis Tuber
Authors: Piska F , Teruna H Y , Saryono
Published: November 2020

Fusarium oxysporum LBKURCC41 is an endophytic isolated from Dahlia variabilis tubers from Padang Luar, West Sumatra. The strain was fermented using modified Huangs’ media, ie using corn as a carbon source for 15 days. The purpose of this study is to isolate secondary metabolites from LBKURCC41 strains. The filtrate from the liquid fermentation media was extracted using EtOAc:MeOH at a ratio of 95:5 to 50:50. Purification using fast chromatography was performed with a mixture of BAW (5:1:4). The structure was elucidated by, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The isolate was identified as a sesquiterpenoid, with weak antimicrobial activity against E.coli and S. aureus with 2.1 mm clear zone and concentration of 10 ppm.
Content Needs Analysis and Development of the E-Module Reaction Rate in School Chemistry
Authors: Noer Asmadi Muhammad
Published: November 2020

In today's era of technological development, it demands the availability of teaching materials that are the simplest to use and easily accessible so that users can easily study learning materials wherever and whenever. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the need for IT-based teaching materials and the development of teaching materials in the form of e-modules on the reaction rate material. This research was conducted concerning the Plomp development model which consists of three development phases, namely, the preliminary research phase, the development phase or prototype, and the assessment phase. The results of the needs analysis show that students and teachers need an IT-based teaching material that can be used to overcome the problems experienced in learning reaction rate material. And the results of the feasibility test for material and media experts showed that the e-module reaction rate developed was suitable for use in chemistry learning.
Identifying the Misconception of Sound Concepts among Grade V Students at SDN 192 Pekanbaru
Authors: Nurjani D M , Alpusari M , Mahartika I , Diniya D , Ilhami A , Permana N D P , Alim J A , sari I K , Mulyani E A , Putra R A , Hermita N
Published: November 2020

The present study was carried out to identify the misconception of sound properties among elementary school students. Conducted through descriptive quantitative, there were 69 students of fifth grade of Public Elementary School 192 Pekanbaru as the chosen sample. The instrument used was a Four Tier Test diagnostic test and interviews related to misconceptions. Based on the results obtained in this line of study, it was figured out that the level of students’ understanding on the sound characteristics was 56.16%. The results of this study indicated that the causes of misconceptions in students come from the students’ understanding, low student retention, wrong intusions, teacher learning methods, and reference books.
The Reconstructing of 4th Grade Primary Students’ Conception on the Concept Of Geometry using Puzzle Based Learning
Authors: Tuningsih Suci , Anggoro Subuh , Hermita Neni
Published: November 2020

Understanding the concept is the main basis for learning mathematics, especially at the level of primary education. Misunderstanding or misconception often occur within this level, one of them is the concept of a parallelogram. Students possess an understanding that a parallelogram, square, rectangle and rhombus are separate sets, while it is scientifically proven that square, rectangle and rhombus are special forms of parallelograms. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the misconception and conceptual change that occurred in fourth grade primary school students regarding the concept of parallelograms.

The study utilized mixed method explanatory sequential strategy using a three tier test format conception. The test is used to determine the initial concept, final conception and conceptual change about the concept of parallelogram geometry. The result showed that the students' initial conception of the concept of parallelograms fell into the misconception category. After puzzle based learning was implemented, most students experienced a change in concept or conceptual change from misconception to scientific conception. Puzzle based learning can be an alternative learning model to correct students' misconceptions about the concept of parallelogram shapes.
Mathematical Learning Resources Using Android Applicatioan for Online Learning during Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Winaldi  , Roza Yenita , Maimunah
Published: November 2020

Online learning is one alternative that can be used for learning activities during the covid-19 pandemic. Online learning requires tools that can be used together so that learning activities take place effectively. Utilization of advances technology is an effort that need to be done to support the current learning process. The use of the android application as one of the alternative in implementing online learning during the Covid-19 epidemic is considered very appropriate, because in general vocational students have used this platform as a communication tool. This research is the initial phase which aims to develop learning resources in mathematics using android applications in an effort to carry out the continuation of learning activities in the Covid-19 pandemic. The method of developing learning resources uses the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. This research produces mathematics learning resources using Android applications to support government programs in the application of online education in order to minimize the worldwide spread of Covid-19. Learning resources using Android applications that are developed are equipped with animated videos, example questions, practice questions and competency tests.
Effect of Data Length to the Consistency of Design Rainfall
Authors: Tunas I G , Oka G M
Published: November 2020

Design rainfall is one of the hydrology quantities that can be used for analyzing design flood. This discharge can then be applied to design and manage civil engineering structures such as drainage channels in urban areas. Generally design rainfall is analyzed using maximum daily rainfall data with a minimum data length of 10 years obtained from a rainfall observation station. In various references, the use of rainfall data with a longer range is highly recommended. This paper intends to examine the use of variations in the length of rainfall data on the consistency of design rainfall. Rainfall data from the Mutiara Meteorological Station of Palu, Central Sulawesi (1990-2019) are grouped into five categories based on the length of the data: A (10 years), B (15 years), C (20 years), D (25 years) and E (30 years). Frequency analysis was performed to predict the design rainfall of each data group using four distribution methods: Normal, Normal Log, Gumbel and Log Pearson III. Design rainfall consistency is measured based on design rainfall deviations which are calculated using the longest data. The analysis shows that the consistency of design rainfall in the study area at various return periods for all statistical distribution tends to increase in proportion to the length of the data with high category. This consistency value indicates that the 10-year rainfall data is still sufficient for frequency analysis.
Expressing Marginal Identity through Living House
Authors: Firzal Yohannes
Published: November 2020

As landed-sea gipsy, Akit people recognized as an ethnic group who are trying to adopt some different cultures and traditions in their daily life. In the adopting process, the people are settled down on a coastal area of an island, or at river’s estuary compound. This process has seen as a way to ensure preserving their sea life tradition and also to adopt land traditions at the same time. Through field survey and in-depth interviews method, this paper shows how most Akit people at the Rupat Island foster Chinese culture in their daily life, including on their house. The house is not only to show their marginal cultural identity but also to express the influence of the Chinese-side that can be seen both on their traditional and contemporary home. This paper confirms that the living house of Akit people has found as a form of compromising cultural life in expressing their today’s identity.
Peatland Management Based on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
Authors: Zulkarnaini  , Meiwanda Geovani , Lubis Evawani Elysa , Nasution Mimin Sundari , Habibie Dedi Kusuma
Published: November 2020

Most people in Indonesia utilize and cultivate peatlands based on their unwise habits. They clear the peatlands by burning to be planted. If this condition is left alone, it certainly will threaten the existence and sustainability of peatland ecosystems in the future. Therefore, a breakthrough is needed to solve this problem by actively involving all interested parties. In the context of peatland maintenance specifically and environmental preservation efforts in general, the development of peat forests into peat arboretum is very important. Especially if the existence of this peat arboretum can be used as a educational facility managed by the community by applying the concept of education for sustainable development (ESD). Peatland management through the ESD-based Peat Arboretum can be a model in an effort to encourage people to be constructive and creative in facing the challenges of global warming. Moreover, this effort is also expected to create a resilient community in the sustainable management of peatlands.
Peatland Policy and Management Strategy to Support Sustainable Development in Indonesia
Authors: Syahza Almasdi , Suswondo  , Bakce Djaimi , Nasrul Besri , Wawan  , Irianti Mitri
Published: November 2020

The existence of peatlands plays a very important role both locally, regionally, and globally. Besides having an ecological function to maintain biodiversity and environmental balance, it also has its economic and socio-cultural functions. Furthermore, it has provided enormous benefits for life and has had positive social and economic impacts. Peat ecosystems have been damaged due to the mismanagement of land. Areas that play specific roles in its sustainability have been converted to lands for business activities, which contradicts their characteristic function. Land cover restoration policies will be useful for improving the quality of participatory-based land cover, protecting peat domes, and conserving watersheds (DAS). An increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which occurs due to insufficient peatland management is a serious threat to local communities and their livelihoods. Furthermore, the ecosystem can be conserved by ensuring that water is properly managed, drainage to cultivated areas is limited and peat swamp forest systems are protected. The application of eco-hydro technology can be beneficial to biodiversity as it minimizes degradation, reduces carbon emissions, and prevents fires.
Hydrogel-mediated local delivery of dexamethasone reduces neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Jeong Da Un , Bae Sooneon , Macks Christian , Whitaker Joseph , Lynn Michael , Webb Ken , Lee Jeoung Soo
Published: November 2020

Excessive and prolonged neuroinflammation leads to neuronal cell death and limits functional recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Dexamethasone (DX) is a steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that is known to attenuate early expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with activated microglia/macrophages. In this study, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone-conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA-DXM) incorporated in a hydrolytically degradable, photo-cross-linkable poly (ethylene) glycol-bis-(acryloyloxy acetate) (PEG-bis-AA) hydrogel on the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and functional recovery in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) rat TBI model.In vitro, DX release from PEG-bis-AA/HA-DXM hydrogel was slow in phosphate-buffered saline without enzymes, but significantly increased in the presence of hyauronidase/esterase enzymes. TBI was generated by a CCI device armed with a 3 mm tip (3.5 m s−1, depth: 2 mm) and treated immediately with PEG-bis-AA/HA-DXM hydrogel. PEG-bis-AA/HA hydrogel without DX was used for comparison and untreated TBI group was used as a control. Significant reductions in cavity size, inflammatory response, and apoptosis were observed in animals treated with PEG-bis-AA/HA-DXM compared to those receiving PEG-bis-AA/HA and untreated. Animals receiving the PEG-bis-AA/HA-DXM hydrogel also exhibited higher neuronal cell survival and improved motor functional recovery compared to the other two groups.
Indigenous knowledge on climate change adaptation: a global evidence map of academic literature
Authors: Petzold Jan , Andrews Nadine , Ford James D , Hedemann Christopher , Postigo Julio C
Published: November 2020

There is emerging evidence of the important role of indigenous knowledge for climate change adaptation. The necessity to consider different knowledge systems in climate change research has been established in the fifth assessment report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). However, gaps in author expertise and inconsistent assessment by the IPCC lead to a regionally heterogeneous and thematically generic coverage of the topic. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed academic literature to support better integration of the existing and emerging research on indigenous knowledge in IPCC assessments. The research question underpinning this scoping review is: How is evidence of indigenous knowledge on climate change adaptation geographically and thematically distributed in the peer-reviewed academic literature? As the first systematic global evidence map of indigenous knowledge in the climate adaptation literature, the study provides an overview of the evidence of indigenous knowledge for adaptation across regions and categorises relevant concepts related to indigenous knowledge and their contexts in the climate change literature across disciplines. The results show knowledge clusters around tropical rural areas, subtropics, drylands, and adaptation through planning and practice and behavioural measures. Knowledge gaps include research in northern and central Africa, northern Asia, South America, Australia, urban areas, and adaptation through capacity building, as well as institutional and psychological adaptation. This review supports the assessment of indigenous knowledge in the IPCC AR6 and also provides a basis for follow-up research, e.g. bibliometric analysis, primary research of underrepresented regions, and review of grey literature.
Pulsating strings in Schr5 × T
1,1 background
Authors: Golubtsova A , Dimov H , Iliev I , Radomirov M , Rashkov R C , Vetsov T
Published: November 2020

The quest for extension of holographic correspondence to non-relativistic sectors naturally includes Schrödinger backgrounds and their field theory duals. In this paper we study the holography by probing the correspondence with pulsating strings. The case we consider is pulsating strings in five-dimensional Schrödinger space times five-torus T
1,1, which has as field theory dual a dipole CFT. First we find particular pulsating string solutions and then semi-classically quantize the theory. We obtain the wave function of the problem and thoroughly study the corrections to the energy, which by duality are supposed to give anomalous dimensions of certain operators in the dipole CFT.
Methodology of large-scale research in landscape history
Authors: Nizovtsev V A
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to present an original methodology that has been prepared for large-scale landscape-historical research. The most important methods of landscape-historical research are the systematic comparative-geographical and landscape-historical-archaeological approaches; and the main subjects of this research are not only natural territorial or natural-anthropogenic complexes, but also landscape-economic systems and landscape-historical complexes that reflect economic or spiritual human activities in specific landscape conditions during certain historical periods. A key component of landscape-historical research, complex both in subjects and in methods used, is the compilation of multiscale maps of several hierarchical levels (from regional to local) using GIS technologies, and compiling a series of multi-temporal maps for the model areas. The combination of field and desk field methods (landscape, historical, archaeological, paleogeographic, paleopedological, historical and geobotanical, various types of mapping and other natural scientific methods) with desk methods (the analysis of cartographic, collection materials) and remote-sensing methods (the analysis of aerial photographs and satellite images) allows researcher to track spontaneous and anthropogenic changes in specific landscapes, to reconstruct nature management systems and landscape living conditions of settlers, to identify the specifics of the formation of a settlement structure for the main historical chronosections, to determine the features of the interaction of man and landscape at different stages of its economic development.
Geoecological zoning of modern geological objects composed of technogenic soils. Distribution of Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Hg and As in technogenic dispersed soils and bottom sediments
Authors: Podlipskiy I I , Dubrova S V , Zelenkovskiy P S , Lebedev S V , Izosimova O S , Chernova E N , Nesterov E M , Egorov P I
Published: November 2020

The article presents a new methodology for the internal differentiation of technogenic objects (ash and slag dumps) based on ecological and geological studies of soils, bottom sediments, surface and underground waters, based on the allocation of three zones with various permissible types of nature management in their territory. The first zone (I) is the territory directly connected with the technogenic object (the bottom of the dump); the allocation of borders of the first kind is justified by the data of the cadastral division of land and the results of route surveys. The second zone (II) is the territory of the active manifestation of the impact of the object, which has a visual manifestation (the area of wind separation, the area of accumulation of solid surface runoff, the zone of drying or inhibition of the natural stand and growth), at the initial stages of the process of natural assimilation of exposure and/or at the initial stages of regression, first of all, phytocenosis. The third zone (III) represents the territory of active natural assimilation (general dispersion and/or concentration on natural geochemical barriers) of ash and slag material products (primarily, scattering flows of heavy metals and other pollutants). An analysis of the results of this work made it possible to specify the types of environmental protection measures that are carried out depending on the identified geochemical zones, the use of which—within the framework of projects of improvement and environmental monitoring of the sanitary protection zone—will significantly reduce the costs of nature users. The rationalization of the economic and legal components is associated with a decrease in the areas for a specific type of work, and all the activities of the nature user in the controlled territory.
Estimated acreage structure for units of mesoscale zoning of the Samara region
Authors: Kutilkin V G , Samokhvalova E V
Published: November 2020

Economically and environmentally sound concept of agriculture in any soil and climatic zone should be based on rational structure of acreage and cultivation of most biologically relevant crops, which are demanded in the market, produce environment-forming influence on soil fertility and state of agrocenoses. At the same time, crops shares in structure of acreage should best suit the properties of the territory, taking into account their spatial diversity. Based on this, an estimated structure of acreage for units of mesoscale complex agroclimatic zoning of the Samara region has been developed. It is based on the analysis of sowing structure in farming systems, normative and real crop yields in recent years, taking into account the recommendations of scientific institutions of the Samara region on saturation of crop rotation with grain crops, sunflower, corn and other cultures.
Management of flooding of low-production deposits according to geological and field data
Authors: Zeigman Yu V , Mukhametshin V V , Kuleshova L S
Published: November 2020

The analysis and generalization of the experience of developing high-viscosity oil deposits in carbonate reservoirs, as well as the use of step regression analysis for geological and field modeling, made it possible to propose a number of algorithms and methods. In turn, they make it possible to effectively solve certain problems of analysis, control, regulation and engineering of fields on studied objects and similar objects in terms of geological and field characteristics.
Geological and field control and diagnostics of treatment efficiency of a wellbore zone within carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Mukhametshin V Sh , Tyncherov K T , Rakhimov N
Published: November 2020

It is established that geologic parameters of deposits have a significant impact on HAT efficiency, followed by parameters reflecting the technological features of wells and deposits, and technological parameters of the treatment. The set of informative parameters that determine the most effective treatment is different in the conditions of different groups of low-productive objects of carbonate reservoirs. Field and statistical models to assess and forecast the HAT efficiency according to the parameter reflecting various indicators in complex are proposed. The models can be used to select wells for treatment and to define the approximate treatment parameters.
Production of reserves of oil- water zones of low-viscosity oil deposits
Authors: Yakupov R F , Mingulov Sh G , Mingulov I Sh
Published: November 2020

The authors state that during the production there is the process of transition of deposits to the category of bottom water-drive reservoirs due to frontal displacement by the injected water. As a result, the nature of water flooding becomes similar to the primary areas of bottom water-drive reservoirs. It is shown that for water-drive areas, the development is characterized by unfavorably high input values of water flooding and its intensive growth in the range of oil recovery factor from 0.1 to 0.3 fractions of units. The nature of the displacement curves of areas with water-oil zones (WOZ) is identical and differs only by the amount of water flooding of oil reserves in a deposit or area, which allows drawing a conclusion about a similar mechanism of oil displacement, which is characteristic of oil reservoir. It is shown that the main feature that characterizes the development of areas and deposits with water-oil zones is the increase in water flooding at the first stage of production.
On the application of shallow geophysical technologies for applied research in Kuzbass
Authors: Solovitskiy A N , Nastavko E V , Nikulin N U , Smirnov N A
Published: November 2020

The relevance application of shallow geophysical technologies has been established for applied research in Kuzbass. The main problem is formulated hindering its development. One of the main components of this problem is the lack of physical-geological models that provide heterogeneous information processing, allowing us to reliably determine the quantitative characteristics of the rock conditions. Traditional technologies of applied research are focused on discrete measurements (point) formed by a widely spaced grid of exploration lines, which make it difficult to build digital models of the rock conditions, which does not provide reliability and accuracy in determining their quantitative parameters. This approach is characterized by significant time and financial costs. The complexation of geophysical methods in Kuzbass in practice often depends on the availability of an instrument base. The work purpose is to study the application of shallow geophysical technologies for applied research in Kuzbass. The research object is the application of shallow geophysical technologies, and the subject is their features for applied research in Kuzbass. The research provides a generalization of practical experience in creating physical-geological models. The practical use is to improve the technology for collecting and interpreting geophysical information.
Natural mineral waters of the Chechen Republic: current usage and prospects for development
Authors: Daukaev Arun A , Zaburaeva H Sh , Gatsaeva L S , Daukaev Aslan A , Sarkisyan I V , Gatsaeva S S-A
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the natural mineral waters of the Chechen Republic which are a leading factor in the formation of a sanatorium and health resort base. The conditions of formation and distribution of natural mineral waters on the territory of the Chechen Republic are studied, their classification by chemical composition, general mineralization and balneological properties is presented. Five water-bearing zones within the region are identified and characterized. A brief historical analysis of the research and development of mineral springs is given. A detailed description of mineral springs from the point of their use for balneological purposes is given. On the territory of the Chechen Republic, there are mineral springs with various chemical composition and balneological properties, which are comparable by some properties to the best world analogues, and this creates significant prerequisites for expanding the existing sanatorium and health resort base. At this stage, the main focus should be concentrated on meeting domestic needs, solving the problem of recreation and treatment of residents of the Chechen Republic, and in the future, it should be focused on the development of domestic and international tourism and recreation.
Some aspects of the placement of hydrocarbon accumulations within the Terek-Caspian trough
Authors: Daukaev A A , Bachaeva T H , Aydamirova Z G , Shaipov A A , Zakriev H I
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the distribution of oil and gas accumulations within the Terek-Caspian trough. Various factors that determine the spatial distribution and formation of hydrocarbon deposits in the studied region (tectonically, stratigraphically) are considered. The distribution of total oil reserves by large stratigraphic complexes is given in tabular form. Information is given on hydrocarbon deposits depending on their confinement to certain structural forms and the phase state of the fluids. The prospects of opening new accumulations of oil and gas with a further increase in geological exploration for oil and gas are determined.