bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Practices Influencing Premature Daughter Leaf and/or Shoot Emergence in Scale-propagated Easter Lily1
Authors: Matsuo E. , Arisumi K. , Kavvashima H.
Published: October 2022

Three types of premature leaf and/or shoot development (PLS) from daughter axis of scale-propagated Easter lily plantlets (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) occurred 6 months after scale planting. PLS was enhanced by fertilizer application and light.
Retention of Ancymidol in a Soil Medium and in Clay Pots2
Authors: Seeley John G.
Published: October 2022

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ‘Fred Shoesmith’ was grown in a soil medium previously used to grow Easter lilies, Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Ace’, treated with single drenches of a-cyclopropyl-a-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol (ancymidol) in early February and harvested April 26. Enough ancymidol was retained in the medium after 76 days of lily growth and 52 surface-irrigations to significantly retard chrysanthemum growth. Plant height after 10.5 weeks was about 12 and 29% less in media from 0.25- and 0.50-mg (active ingredient) ancymidol drench treatments, respectively, than in untreated medium. However, chrysanthemums grown in a new soil medium in new clay pots were about the same height as plants in new soil medium in pots from the 0.50-mg treatment, indicating that not enough ancymidol to retard chrysanthemum growth was retained in the clay pots.
Herbicides for Weed Control in Leatherleaf Fern1
Authors: Stamps R. H. , Mathur D. D.
Published: October 2022

Four herbicides, alone and/or in combination, were evaluated for weed control in beds of leatherleaf fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst) Ching]. Fair winter weed, predominantly chick weed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyr.], control was obtained with simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 2 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ha, simazine + metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 1.1 + 2.2 kg a.i./ha and oxadiazon [2-terf-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] + simazine at 1.1 + 1.1 kg a.i./ha. Oxadiazon + simazine, oxadiazon + metolachlor at 1.1 + 2.2 kg a.i./ha, and simazine + metolachlor controlled spring weeds. All herbicide treatments gave fair weed control in summer. Except for simazine applied alone, none of the treatments injured leatherleaf fern visibly. Oxadiazon + metolachlor, oxadiazon + simazine, and simazine + metolachlor reduced winter weeding times. All combination treatments reduced spring weeding times, but none of the treatments reduced summer weeding times. No treatment reduced fern yield or affected average frond weights. Frond length and frond weight were positively correlated (r = 0.74).
Influence of Canopy Size on Regrowth Response of Dikegulac-injected American Sycamore Seedlings1,2
Authors: Domir Subhash C.
Published: October 2022

Two-year-old American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) seedlings of 3 canopy sizes—small, medium, and large—were injected with 3 concentrations of dikegulac [2,3:4,6-bis-0 (1-methylethylidene)-O (-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid]. At the end of the growing season, height increase, sprout length, number of new sprouts, and phytotoxicity were determined. The data suggest that canopy size significantly alters dikegulac influence on growth parameters of sycamore. Generally, an increase in canopy size resulted in a decrease in the effect of dikegulac on growth response of sycamore.
Effectiveness of 4 Coverings for Overwintering Container Grown Ornamentals in Different Plant Hardiness Zones1
Authors: Hicklenton Peter R.
Published: October 2022

Overwintering under microfoam thermoblanket resulted in high poststorage quality of container-grown Cotoneaster Dammeri C. K. Schneid, and Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Pfitzerana-Aureo’ in USDA plant hardiness zones 5a and 6a (1). Similar results were obtained for J. chinensis overwintered under white copolymer in zone 5, but severe damage was sustained by C. Dammeri since the covering did not maintain media temperature above the lethal point for this species. Storage under clear copolymer at both locations caused foliage damage which was severe in C. Dammeri and moderate in J. chinensis. Black poly storage caused severe foliage damage in all J. chinensis and C. Dammeri. Viburnum cassinoides L. overwintered without serious damage in all treatments.
An Evaluation of Commercial Experience with the Tatura Trellis for Growing Peaches1
Authors: van den Ende B. , Chalmers D. J.
Published: October 2022

Cumulative yields in commercial plantings of clingstone peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trained on the V-shaped Tatura Trellis system (average density 1800 trees/ha) were 145 MT/ha after 5 growing seasons as compared to 52 MT/ha in commercial orchards with low densities of conventional vase-shaped trees (average density 300 trees/ha). The best yield obtained with higher tree densities in commercial orchards (537 trees/ha) for the same period was 91 MT/ha.
Response of Stomatal Conductance, Transpiration, Photosynthesis, and Leaf Water Potential in Peach Seedlings to Different Watering Regimes1
Authors: Tan C. S. , Buttery B. R.
Published: October 2022

Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis declined steadily with decreasing leaf water potential in seedlings of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] grown in large pots containing about 84 kg of steam-sterilized sandy loam soil under controlled environmental conditions. Growth and transpiration were reduced mainly through the effect of stomatal closure as soon as water stress commenced.
Ripening and Reduced Ethylene Production by Nectarine Fruits following Exposure to Ethylene1
Authors: Brecht Jeffrey K. , Kader Adel A.
Published: October 2022

Treatment of ‘Fairlane’ nectarines [Prunus persica (L). Batsch] with as high as 500 ppm C2H4 during 1 week of storage at 0 or 10°C, or treatment of ‘Flamekist’ nectarines with up to 100 ppm C2H4 for as long as 4 weeks at 0 or 10°, had no effect on the rate of color change or softening during storage or subsequent ripening periods at 20° in air relative to air storage. Treatment of ‘Flamekist’ nectarines with 100 ppm C2H4 for 1 week at 0 or 10°, however, resulted in maximal C2H4 production rates upon transfer to 20° in air that were approximately 60 and 40% less, respectively, than fruits stored in air or treated with 1 or 10 ppm C2H4 during storage.
The Effect of Phony Peach on the Rooting of Peach Cuttings1
Authors: Krewer G. W. , Daniell J. W. , Couvillon G. A.
Published: October 2022

Softwood cuttings taken from phony peach disease-infected and uninfected trees of ‘Jefferson’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] produced 80% or more well-rooted cuttings with no significant difference (5% level) between phony and non-phony cuttings.
Hydraulic Conductivity and Ethylene Production in Detached Flowering Peach Shoots.1
Authors: Munoz Carlos E. , Davies Frederick S. , Sherman Wayne B.
Published: October 2022

Hydraulic conductivity decreased logarithmically over an 8-day period in detached flowering peach stems [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Decreased hydraulic conductivity was negatively correlated (r = - 0.96) with an increase in the number of plugged vessels and positively correlated with a decrease in the percentage of functional vessels (r = 0.97). Ethylene production from flowering shoots peaked after 7 days in the holding solution but decreased rapidly thereafter. Addition of 1% ethanol to the holding solution increased xylem hydraulic conductivity and delayed the surge in ethylene production.
Changes in Trichome Length and Density during Growth of Peach Fruits1
Authors: Atwood John T. , Arnold Calvin E.
Published: October 2022

Development of pubescence was studied in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cv. June Gold]. Mean trichome length and density were determined on ovaries collected in anthesis to ripe fruit stages. Mean trichome length increased during an thesis until petal fall, then decreased by a factor of 10 to fruit ripening. Pubescence density did not consistently increase or decrease between anthesis and shuckoff, but did show a major decrease on ripe fruit. The dense appearance of pubescence at petal fall may be due largely to increased trichome length.
Low-level Effects of H2S and SO2 on Grapevines, Pear, and Walnut Trees1
Authors: Thompson C. Ray , Kats Gerrit , Dawson Philip J.
Published: October 2022

Potted vines of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘White Riesling’ grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) and potted ‘Bartlett’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) and ‘Hartley’ English walnut trees (Juglans regia L.) were grown in greenhouses for 2 seasons and fumigated with ambient levels of H2S, treble ambient H2S, and amounts of SO2 equivalent to the treble levels of H2S. No foliar symptoms or deleterious effects on growth or fruiting were observed which could be ascribed to the treatments.
Postharvest Levels of Sugars and Sorbitol in Sugary Enhancer (su se) and Sugary (su Se) Maize1
Authors: Carey E. E. , Rhodes A. M. , Dickinson D. B.
Published: October 2022

Five sugary enhancer (su se) inbreds were compared with 2 sugary (su Se) inbreds of maize (Zea mays L.) for postharvest changes in sugars and sorbitol. The level of sucrose, the predominant sugar, was 17 to 26% of dry weight for the su se inbreds, and 8 and 9% for the su Se inbreds at the time of harvest. The su se inbreds lost about the same proportion of their sucrose as the su Se inbreds during 48 hours storage at 30°C, but storage at 2° slowed or prevented the loss in both genotypes. The sucrose content of su se inbreds after 48 hours storage at 30° was still greater than that of freshly harvested su Se inbreds. For the other sugars and sorbitol, the effect of the se gene was minimal during storage. In general for both genotypes, fructose decreased and maltose increased during either storage condition. Sorbitol decreased during cool storage and increased during warm storage.
Effects of Antitranspirants on Water Use and Yield of Greenhouse and Field-grown Onions1
Authors: Lipe W. N. , Hodnett K. , Gerst M. , Wendt C. W.
Published: October 2022

Plants of onion (Allium cepa L.) grown in the greenhouse and field were treated with antitranspirants during the bulb enlargement stage of growth. Daily water use in the greenhouse was significantly reduced by 1% Vapor Gard (di-1-p-menthene) and 3% Folicote (parafin wax) emulsions. The 3% Folicote treatment reduced bulb yield. In field studies, Folicote increased bulb size and total yield by 1.5–4.2 MT/ha. The increased yields resulted from larger bulb size, presumably due to reduction in the degree of moisture stress between irrigations. Neutron probe readings indicated a reduction in the rate of water removal from soils (30 cm depth) and an increase in bulb size and total yield in plots treated with the antitranspirants Folicote and tallow.
Southernpea Response to Glyphosate Desiccation1
Authors: Cole A. W. , Cerdeira A. L.
Published: October 2022

Seed weight, germination, seedling emergence, and yields were examined following desiccation of southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp cv. Mississippi Purple] plants with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Dry seed weight was not reduced by the desiccation process; however, seed quality of those treated at immature stages was reduced. Germination, seedling emergence, and yield from seed desiccated at immature stages were significantly less than from seeds desiccated at more mature stages of development. No differences were apparent between desiccation at mature stages and the control.
Screening Carrots for Resistance to Cankers Caused by Rhizoctonia solani1
Authors: Anderson N. A. , Davis D. W. , Shehata M. A.
Published: October 2022

Ten of 123 lines of carrot (Daucus carota L.) were identified with moderate to partial canker resistance to a highly virulent isolate of Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn AG 2-2.
Effects of Transplanting, Imbibition, and Gel on Stands and Harvest Variability of Lettuce1
Authors: Hemphill Delbert D.
Published: October 2022

‘Ithaca’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed imbibed at 17°C emerged from warm (> 25°) soils more rapidly than did untreated seed. Planting seed in a gel also increased emergence, in part because of an anticrustant effect of the gel. The combination of imbibition and gel produced more rapid emergence than did either treatment alone. Mean head weight at harvest increased and head weight variability decreased with imbibition or gel treatment. The combination of imbibition and gel compared favorably with transplanting in reducing head size variability.
P1-P8, Diploid and Tetraploid Salpiglossis Germplasm1
Authors: Erickson Homer T. , Steadman James , Lee Chi Won , Janick Jules
Published: October 2022

A germplasm release representing 8 selections of Salpiglossis sinuata L. (velvet flower), all free of the cleistogamous character which inhibits corolla development, is being made by the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. Five of the selections are diploid (2n = 44) and 3 are tetraploid (2n = 88).
‘Prairifire’1
Authors: Dayton D. F.
Published: October 2022

‘Prairifire’ is an attractive new ornamental crab apple with bright red-purple flowers, blooming 5–7 days later than other cultivars with that color, and immune or highly resistant to several destructive diseases of Malus.. Flower production is heavy and annual on both spurs and axillary buds on 1 year shoots. The flower color does not fade seriously nor develop an unattractive “muddy” appearance. Since axillary flowers develop somewhat later than do those on spurs, the flowering period is extended up to a week longer than if spurs were the only flowering sites. The small, dark-red fruits either dry on the tree or are eaten by birds, thus eliminating any clean-up problems from dropped fruits.
‘Pope’ Sweet Potato1
Authors: Collins W. W. , Moyer J. W.
Published: October 2022

‘Pope’ is a new cultivar of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] developed at North Carolina State University that is high-yielding and early-maturing with high resistance to Fusarium wilt, root-knot nematodes, and flooding damage in the field. ‘Pope’ is named for Daniel T. Pope, who was the sweet potato breeder at North Carolina State University until his retirement in 1975.
‘Virgin Long’ Eggplant1
Authors: Ramcharan C. , Padda D. S.
Published: October 2022

The College of the Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of ‘Virgin Long’ eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). This cultivar is well adapted to alkaline soils of the Virgin Islands and has field resistance to phomopsis rot incited by Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & Syd) Harter. ‘Virgin Long’ is a high yielding cultivar that is well-adapted to the Caribbean.
‘Flordahome’ Pear1
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Andrews C. P. , Lyrene P. M. , Sharpe R. H.
Published: October 2022

‘Flordahome’ pear was released by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station in 1981 and fills the need for a pear with a low-chilling requirement that produces fruit which acquires a buttery, melting texture upon ripening. It is recommended for local use, but should be valuable germplasm for breeding pear cultivars with low chilling and resistance to fireblight and leafspot.
‘Sentry’ Peach1
Authors: Fogle H. W. , Scorza Ralph
Published: October 2022

‘Sentry’ peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) was released August, 1980, because of its productiveness, large fruit size for its early season of maturity, attractive exterior and interior color, and resistance to bacterial spot disease.
Horticulture in Iowa and At Iowa State University
Authors: Bolluy Karen
Published: October 2022

Fruit and vegetable production were, understandably, the main horticultural concerns of the people who first settled on Iowa's prairies. These pioneers had survival in mind as they planted potatoes, cabbage, onions, and apples. Crop failures were more than disappointments; they were the beginning of long, hungry winters.
A Short History of Consumer Horticulture
Authors: Wott John A.
Published: October 2022

The first symposium on home horticulture to be sponsored by this Society is indeed an historic event. It marks the continued efforts of horticultural scientists to seek an understanding of the art of growing and utilizing fruits, vegetables, and landscape plants. This Society reviewed in depth the first 75 years of its scientific involvement at our annual meeting in Boston, Massachusetts in 1978 (14). It is fitting as we begin the decade of the 80s, that this Society progress even further and consider the utilization of the many products of our horticulture industry.
Consumer Horticulture: Trends in Program Delivery
Authors: Witt Mary Hotze
Published: October 2022

The unofficial beginning of Cooperative Extension is traced to 1903, Kaufman County, Texas when Dr. Seaman A. Knapp initiated demonstrations with Mexican boll weevil in cotton. Knapp once said, “What a man hears, he will not believe, what he says, he may believe, but what he does he must believe.”
Research Review of Consumer and Small Farm Horticulture
Authors: Bienz D. R. , Gurtel Margaret
Published: October 2022

Those responsible for publicly sponsored agricultural research are frequently accused of serving only the interests of large-scale commercial agriculture and the agri-business and agri-chemical industries. Instead of denying this charge, spokesmen for federal and state research institutions often express the opinion that we must concentrate our limited research resources on the primary source of our impressive food and fiber production, which is large-scale agriculture. This kind of rhetoric has nurtured the impression that very little agricultural research is applicable to small farm or garden enterprises, because administrators of agricultural research do not consider these enterprises important. It seemed to us, therefore, that the first requirement in assessing the research and research needs of consumer horticulture was to ascertain the numerical importance of the likely beneficiaries of small farm research and the potential contribution to human welfare of such research. We chose to consider research for all small agricultural enterprises, because the same technology should apply to small, intensively cultivated plots whether they are home gardens, small commercial farms with high value crops, or subsistence farms.
In Vitro Propagation of Narcissus tazetta1
Authors: Steinitz Benjamin , Yahel Herut
Published: October 2022

Regeneration of bulblets was induced in tissue culture of twin-scale bases taken from bulbs of Narcissus tazetta cv. ‘Grand Soleil d‘Or’. Bulblet formation took place in the dark, on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 30 g/liter sucrose and 5 g/liter activated charcoal (AC). Omission of AC led to a significant reduction in bulblet regeneration and growth, and addition of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylamino purine (BA), to a medium without AC, completely inhibited bulblet formation. The inhibitory effect of NAA and BA was nullified by AC. Light reduced bulblet regeneration and growth in explants cultured on an AC-containing medium. Bulblet regeneration was also induced on explants prepared by splitting culture-derived bulblets into halves and incubating them on a MS medium supplemented with sucrose and AC. Under optimal culture conditions, bulblet regeneration on twin-scale bases, combined with bulblet regeneration on split culture-derived bulblet explants, leads to the production of 200–300 bulblets from one mother bulb in about half a year. Excised bulblets developed leaves and roots when cultured in the light on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 30 g/liter sucrose and 0.1 mg/liter NAA. Fully developed plantlets could be planted out directly to the open field.
Effects of Photoperiod and Pinching on Development of Begonia × tuberhybrida1
Authors: Oloomi Hamideh , Payne R. N.
Published: October 2022

Long days with incandescent lighting at 1700-2200, 2200-0300, or 1700-0800 hrs after 9 hrs of natural daylength promoted taller plants and higher percentage of flowering than short days (9 hrs natural daylength) in ‘NonStop Yellow’ tuberous begonias. Only 3 unpinched and none of the pinched plants flowered in short days during an 11 week experiment. Short days greatly enhanced tuber development, whereas long days prevented significant tuber development. Pinching delayed flowering, but did not affect tuber development.
Net Photosynthesis, Diffusive Resistance, and Chlorophyll Content of Shade- and Sun-tolerant Plants Grown under Different Light Regimes1
Authors: Armitage A. M. , Vines H. M.
Published: October 2022

Diffusive resistance decreased and chlorophyll content increased in leaves of Impatiens hybrida (shade tolerant) subjected to 14 days of low quantum flux density (QFD) compared with high QFD. There was no difference in diffusive resistance or chlorophyll content in Pelargonium X hortorum Bailey (sun tolerant) regardless of QFD treatment. Light saturation of net photosynthesis (Pn) occurred at higher light levels in impatiens treated with low QFD compared with those treated with high QFD. Light saturation in geraniums treated with high QFD was the same as in those treated with low QFD. Stomatal density in impatiens was greater, and stomatal area was smaller than in geranium. Physiological processes of impatiens appear to be more sensitive to changes in QFD than those of geraniums.
Influence of Cultural Practices on Postharvest Interior Performance of Two Species of Schefflera1
Authors: Braswell John H. , Blessington Thomas M. , Price James A.
Published: October 2022

Plant growth and quality were determined for 2 species of schefflera grown under 3 production light levels and 2 fertilizer treatments. High production light (828 μE m−2s−1) resulted in better growth of Brassaia actinophylla Endl. but generally had no effect on the growth parameters of Schefflera arboricola Hayata ex. Kanehira. Increasing fertilizer levels decreased plant growth and quality for S. arboricola in the production phase but caused no difference for B. actinophylla. However, after 3 months in an interior environment, B. actinophylla produced under the highest light level and S. arboricola produced under the lowest light level (276 μE m−2s−1) maintained better growth and plant quality. Both species receiving the lowest fertilizer treatment (200 mg N/pot·week) were better in growth and quality after 3 months indoors in contrast to the highest fertilizer treatment (400 mg N/pot·week).
Effects of Long-term Dark Storage on Quality of Schefflera1
Authors: Ben-Jaacov J. , Poole R. T. , Conover C. A.
Published: October 2022

Storage of Brassaia actinophylla Endl. (schefflera) for 30 days in the dark at 18°C temporarily reduced plant quality, but did not affect foliage color. Plants recovered from dark storage within 17 days after transfer to an environment with 15 μEm−2sec−1.
Fertilization of ‘Roosevelt’ Fern1
Authors: Gilliam Charles H. , Crockett D. James , Shumack Ronald L. , Evans Clyde E.
Published: October 2022

Nephrolepsis exaltata (L.) Schott cv. Rooseveltii was grown with 3 fertilizer rates (50, 150, and 300 ppm N) applied as 20N-8.7P-16.7K fertilizer at 3 frequencies (1, 2, and 3 times weekly). Plant dry weight and frond number were similar for ferns receiving 150 ppm N, 2 or 3 times weekly, and 300 ppm N, 3 times weekly. Ferns treated with 300 ppm N, 2 or 3 times a week, had a greater concentration of tissue N and were greener than ferns treated with 150 ppm N, 2 or 3 times weekly, or ferns treated with 300 ppm N, once weekly. P and K tissue concentrations were similar for all treatments with the exception of ferns treated with 50 ppm N.
Nitrogen and Potassium Nutrition in Relation to Growth of Andorra Juniper in a Sawdust-sphagnum peat Medium1
Authors: Hicklenton Peter R.
Published: October 2022

Brickett isobutylidene diurea (IBDU), at 3.4 kg N/m3 in combination with either potassium muriate (KC1) or fritted potassium (K-frit) at 0.4 or 0.8 kg K/m3 in a sawdust-sphagnum peat medium, produced growth and visual quality in container-grown Juniperus horizontalis Moench cv. Plumosa Compacta equal to that of plants grown with weekly liquid fertilization (2.7 N and 2.2 g K/plant per week). Finer IBDU granules (ca 0.7 mm diameter) at either 1.7 or 3.4 kg N/m3 produced inferior quality plants and less seasonal growth. Tissue N remained fairly constant in 3.4-kg N/m3 brickett IBDU treatments throughout the season, but decreased steadily with both rates of fine granules. Tissue K was lower through the season with K-frit than with either a single (0.4-kg K/m3) or double (total 0.8-kg K/m3) application of K-muriate (KC1). Neither K rate nor source had a consistent effect on plant growth or quality over all sources and rates of IBDU.
Foliar Sorption of Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone by Ornamental Woody Plants1
Authors: Elkiey T. , Ormrod D. P. , Marie B.
Published: October 2022

Excised shoots of 10 shade tree species were exposed for 6 hours to 40 pphm (vv−1) sulfur dioxide (SO2), 40 pphm nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or 25 pphm ozone (O3) separately or in mixture. Sorption rates were generally greater in coniferous than in deciduous shoots and higher for SO2 than NO2. Adsorption on leaf surfaces was greater than absorption through stomates for 4 of 5 species in which the 2 forms of sorption could be separated, while sorption from single gases was similar to that from mixed gases for these species. For the 5 species in which transpiration continued in darkness, sorption from the mixture was consistently less than from single gases.
Identification of Seedless Table Grape Cultivars and a Bud Sport with Berry Isozymes1
Authors: Schwennesen Jean , Mielke E. A. , Wolfe W. H.
Published: October 2022

Isozyme banding patterns from ripe berry extracts made it possible to distinguish between 3 cultivars of table grape (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Perlette, Thompson Seedless and Superior Seedless) and an earlier ripening bud sport of ‘Superior Seedless’. Catechol oxidase provided the most useful data as it was possible to distinguish between all 4 samples. Differences in banding patterns were noted in acid phosphatase, esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase, indophenol oxidase and leucine aminopeptidase. No differences were observed in the banding patterns for catalase, glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase, peroxidase, malic enzyme or malate dehydrogenase.
AVG Increases the Yield of Young ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Walsh Christopher S. , Faust Miklos
Published: October 2022

Bloom application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) increased the fruit yields of ‘Ultra Red Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees. In one season, sprays of 50 ppm AVG were more effective in increasing yield than those of 500 ppm. In the second season, treatment with 150 and 225 ppm AVG was most effective. High levels of AVG (> 225 ppm) caused excessive fruit set and decreased fruit size. Ethylene evolution from developing fruits and fruiting spurs was decreased by AVG treatment.
Effects of Summer Pruning on the Quality of ‘McIntosh’ Apples
Authors: Lord William J. , Greene Duane W.
Published: October 2022

Late summer pruning of ‘McIntosh’ apple trees for 3 consecutive years improved red color development on fruit but had no influence on fruit size, soluble solids, fruit flesh Ca, flesh firmness, or senescent breakdown during storage.
Field Resistance of Peach Cultivars to Gummosis Disease1
Authors: Daniell J. W. , Chandler W. A.
Published: October 2022

Twenty-seven cultivars of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and 4 seedling clones were evaluated over a 3 year period for susceptibility to gummosis disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) ces. & de Not. ‘Harbrite’ was highly resistant while ‘Pekin’, ‘Harmony’, ‘Redskin’, ‘Harken’ and ‘White English’, a seedling clone, exhibited some degree of resistance. All other cultivars were susceptible.
Chilling Injury in Leaves of Citrus Plants at 1.7°C1
Authors: Yelenosky George
Published: October 2022

Leaves of different citrus selections (Citrus sp.) developed visible bleaching (low chlorophyll content) within 14 days during constant 1.7°C and less than 500 μE/m2per sec (PAR) continuous light regimes in controlled temperature facilities. Leaves did not bleach at 21.1° and 10° in continuous light and/or in the dark at 1.7°. Larger amounts of amino acids leaked from bleached than nonbleached leaves and leaf disks from bleached leaves had lower rates of O2 uptake during respirometry at 30°. Plants at 1.7° for 14 days in continuous light were injured more than plants conditioned at 10° during 4-hr freeze tests at −6.7°.
Inheritance of a Green Stem Mutant in Asparagus1
Authors: Peirce L. C.
Published: October 2022

Progenies of 25 sib matings among 5 staminate and 5 pistillate green-stemmed parents of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) were classified by stem color. Subsequently, purple offspring of these crosses were mated to single staminate or pistillate plants, and green offspring were mated to staminate and pistillate plants of the purple cultivar ‘Viking’. Chi Square tests supported a mechanism of inheritance based upon interaction between 2 linked genes. One dominant gene I apparently inhibits expression of dominant P (purple stem). Linkage of between 30% and 40% crossover units is suggested by observed ratios.
Anticrustant Effects on Soil Mechanical Resistance and Seedling Emergence1
Authors: Hemphill Delbert D.
Published: October 2022

Soil mechanical resistance or crusting was reduced by vermiculite, H3PO4, Nalco 2190, neutral NH4H2PO4, and sulfuric acid when applied as a band over the seed row. Vermiculite was the most effective anticrustant followed by H3PO4. The greatest stands and yields of carrot (Daucus carota L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and onion (Allium cepa L.) were usually obtained with vermiculite. Phosphoric acid tended to increase yields even when the stand was thinned to equal that in the control treatments. Other anticrustants had little effect on stands or yields.
Changes in Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase in Solanum tuberosum L. as Affected by Root Zone Applications of CO21
Authors: Arteca Richard N. , Poovaiah B. W.
Published: October 2022

Changes in phosphoenolypruvate carboxylase (PEP-Case) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RUBP-Case) were evaluated in potato plants following CO2 enrichment of the root zone. There was a significant increase in PEP-Case activity in the roots of CO2-treated plants between 3 and 12 days following CO2 enrichment. Both PEP-Case and RUBP-Case in the leaves showed no significant change following CO2 enrichment of the root zone. Of 4 additional species tested, potato roots had the greatest PEP-Case activity.
Pectic Enzymes in ‘Long Keeper’ Tomatoes1
Authors: Pressey Russell , Avants Jimmy K.
Published: October 2022

The changes in pectinesterase (PE) activity during maturation and ripening of ‘Long Keeper’ tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were similar to those of ‘Marion’ tomatoes. The pectinesterase activity was due to similar forms of this enzyme in both cultivars. In contrast, the polygalacturonase (PG) activity in ripe ‘Long Keeper’ tomatoes was much lower than that in ripe ‘Marion’ fruit. The activity in ‘Long Keeper’ fruit was due to 2 enzymes, one of which was similar to that found in ‘Marion’ fruit, but most of the activity appeared to be due to a new polygalacturonase. These differences may to a large extent account for the postharvest quality retention of the ‘Long Keeper’ cultivar.
Ethephon Treatment of Tomato Transplants Improves Frost Tolerance1
Authors: Liptay A. , Phatak S. C. , Jaworski C. A.
Published: October 2022

(2-ChloroethyI)phosphonic acid (ethephon) spray on tomato transplants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) 12 days prior to pulling resulted in partial protection of the plants from frost injury after transplanting. Cultivars of tomato responded differently both to the degree of frost damage even if not treated with ethephon and to the level of protection by ethephon. ‘Heinz 1630’ was most tolerant to frost while ‘Ohio 7663’, ‘Hunts 304’, ‘Libby 7241’, and ‘Chico III’ were most susceptible. The transplants with thicker stems (>4.5 mm) generally had a better survival rate than thin-stemmed (<4.5 mm) transplants.
The Appearance of Phytase and the Changes in Phytate and Inorganic Phosphorus during Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir.)1
Authors: Splittstoesser Walter E.
Published: October 2022

Phytate rapidly disappeared from pumpkin cotyledons between 3 to 6 days of germination. Phytase, the enzyme responsible for liberating inorganic phosphate from phytate, appeared shortly after germination began, and high activities were found between days 3 through 6 of germination. Large pools of inorganic phosphate accumulated in the cotyledons, shoots and roots during germination. By 15 days of germination, 27% of the phosphate was incorporated into organic materials.
A Comparison of Slitted Polyethylene and Spunbonded Polyester for Plant Row Covers1
Authors: Loy J. Brent , Wells Otho S.
Published: October 2022

Yields of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were not significantly different between those grown under slitted polyethylene or those grown under polyester row covers, either with or without supporting wire hoops. Row covers combined with black polyethylene mulch increased both earliness and total yields of muskmelon as compared to those grown on black polyethylene mulch alone. Polyester appeared to be a potentially useful material for row cover culture of suitable crops because of its heat retention, light weight, relatively high tensile strength, and ease of installation.
Field Evaluation of Vegetable Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.)
Authors: Campbell T. A. , Abbott J. A.
Published: October 2022

The horticultural potential of 20 vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) entries was evaluated in the field at Beltsville, Md., during the summers of 1979 and 1980. Mean fresh yields (leaves and stems) for 5 experiments ranged from 4.0 to 16.5 MT/ha. Yields were highest for A. dubius, intermediate for A. cruentus, and least for A. tricolor. Yield was negatively correlated with leaf:stem ratio (r=−0.56**). Entries with the highest leaf: stem ratios were found within A. tricolor.
Using Heat from Power Plant Condenser Cooling Water for Greenhouse Tomato Production
Authors: Carter Johnny , Pile Robert S.
Published: October 2022

In the paper “Using Heat from Power Plant Condenser Cooling Water for Greenhouse Tomato Production” by Johnny Carter and Robert S. Pile [HortScience 17(l):74-76. 1982] there was an error of geographic location in the captions for Figures 2 and 3 and in the headings for Tables 1 and 2. The greenhouse waste heat experiments were conducted at the TV A waste heat greenhouse in Athens, Alabama, not Athens, Georgia, as was printed.
‘Sunprince’ Peach1
Authors: Okie W. R. , Prince V. E. , Reilly C. C.
Published: October 2022

‘Sunprince’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has been released to provide a cultivar adapted to the southeastern United States ripening in ‘Redskin’ and ‘Blake’ season with better external color and shape than ‘Redskin’ and higher bacterial spot resistance than ‘Blake’.
A Gel Planter to Sow Multitreatments1
Authors: Ghate Suhas R. , Phatak Sharad C. , Jaworski Casimir A.
Published: October 2022

A compressed air gel seeding system was developed to sow simultaneously several rows with different seed treatments. A technique to plant vegetable seeds at equidistant spacings using a solenoid valve and photoelectric device is described.
Stimulation of Multiple Shoot-bud Formation in Walnut Seeds.1
Authors: Rodriguez Roberto
Published: October 2022

In vitro initiation and development of shoot-buds of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) was obtained on a defined medium using seedlings as a primary explants. Benzylamino purine (BA) at 40 μM induced multiple shoot formation derived from an abnormal conical shoot. Periodic subculture on a fresh media with 0.4 μM of both indolebutyric acid (IBA) and BA resulted in shoots multiplication.
Fresh Flower Merchandising in Loose Bunches1
Authors: Robertson J. L. , Chatfleld L. H.
Published: October 2022

Color and bunch composition were the most important factors influencing the consumer's purchase decision of loose-bunch merchandising of fresh flowers. Roses had significantly more product appeal than carnations and Marguerite daisies. Price was judged relatively more important for the mixed loose bunches where consumers selected the loose bunch with roses at $5.95 over the loose bunch with 5 roses at $7.95. The addition of a yellow hybrid tea rose increased the marketability of a loose bunch almost as much as the addition of an orange and peach sweetheart and floribunda rose, respectively. For mixed loose bunches, $5.95 to $7.95 was the optimum price range. For the homogeneous bunches, $2.95 to $4.95 was the most popular price range.
Effect of Delayed Silver Thiosulphate Pulse Treatments on Carnation Cut Flower Longevity1
Authors: Nichols Roy , Kofranek Anton M. , Kubota John
Published: October 2022

Cut flowering stems of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) in demineralized water were treated at daily intervals with pulses of silver thiosulphate (STS) at 4 mM for 10 minutes or 2 mM for 60 minutes until just before the end of their natural life and were returned to water for observation of flower senescence. Treatments with STS increased flower life most effectively when applied on the day the flowers were cut. It was also effective if applied for up to 3 days after cutting, but less so if applied after this time. The longevity of flowers pulsed with STS compared favorably with those treated continuously with a commercial preservative.
Influence of Controlled-release Fertilizer on Exacum affine Balf. F. ‘Elfin’ during Production and Subsequent Simulated Home Conditions1
Authors: Harbaugh B. K. , Waters W. E.
Published: October 2022

High quality Exacum plants suited for use as flowering house plants were produced in 10-cm pots using a 3 or 5 kg/m3 rate of a 3- to 4-month controlled-release fertilizer (Osmocote 14N-6.1P-11.6K) or an 8- to 9-month release Osmocote (18-2.6-10) with either capillary mat or overhead irrigation. Flowering plants placed in simulated home conditions had more foliar chlorosis at lower Osmocote rates while floral display decreased with higher Osmocote rates.
Daylength Response of Dwarf Pomegranate1
Authors: Janick Jules
Published: October 2022

Dwarf pomegranate (Punica granatum L. ‘Nana’) flowered under photoperiods of 8 to 24 hours, but flowering was greatest under short daylength. Vegetative growth increased as daylength increased from 8 to 24 hours.
Influence of Selected Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Seedling Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Sophora secundiflora1
Authors: Strong Martha E. , Davies Fred T.
Published: October 2022

Seedlings of Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. were grown in 10.2-cm diameter pots containing sterilized media individually inoculated with 1 of 4 vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi and fertilized with Omocote (18N-6P-12K) at rates of 0, 1.2, or 4.2 kg/m3. After 263 days, seedlings inoculated with Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe and with Gigaspora margarita Becker and Hall exhibited increased fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots and root quality at the 1.2 kg/m3 fertilizer level. Increased growth responses of seedlings inoculated with either G. mosseae or G. margarita at 1.2 kg/m3 Osmocote were comparable to noninoculated controls at 4.2 kg/m3. G. etunicatus Becker & Gerd. and G. fasciculatus (Thaxt. sensu Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe did not enhance seedling growth at any fertilizer rate tested, nor were they colonized on seedling roots. Microscopic examination of roots confirmed VA mycorrhizal colonization at all 3 fertilizer levels with G. mosseae, and at the 2 lowest levels with G. margarita. Increased P uptake occurred only with G. mosseae-inoculated seedlings at 0 and 1.2 kg/m3 fertilization rates.
Sex Influences on Foliar Trait Morphology in Asparagus1
Authors: Benson Brian L.
Published: October 2022

Sex influenced cladophylls/whorl, whorls, and leaf area/unit length of branch, primary and secondary branching, and stalk number and diameter in Asparagus officinalis L. cvs. UC72 and UC157 and in the parental clones of ‘UC157’. Staminate plants had more whorls per unit branch while pistillate plants had greater leaf area per cladophyll and per 10 cm of branch. The overall plant form of parental plants tends to appear in the progeny of the same sex in the UC 157 cultivar.
Effects of Vine Removal Prior to Flooding on Ethanol Concentration and Storage Quality of Sweet Potato Roots1
Authors: Corey K. A. , Collins W. W.
Published: October 2022

Storage losses of apparently sound roots from flooded plots with vines mowed or completely removed were greater than intact vines for ‘Jewel’ but not ‘Centennial’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Vine removal accentuated the detrimental effects of flooding, possibly by elimination of a possible route for ethanol removal from the roots. Ethanol concentration at harvest from flooded plots was greater in roots with vines removed than from roots with intact vines. Vine removal lowered yield of ‘Jewel’ and lowered percent dry matter of both ‘Jewel’ and ‘Centennial’.
Effect of Root Applications of Kinetin and Gibberellic Acid on Transplanting Shock in Tomato Plants1
Authors: Arteca Richard N.
Published: October 2022

Gibberellic acid (GA3) or 6-furfurylamino purine (kinetin), incorporated into a gel, was applied to the roots of 2 cultivars of tomato transplants (Lycopcrsicon esculentum Mill.), which were then potted and grown in the greenhouse. Kinetin significantly increased relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area, and total plant weight 3 weeks following treatment. GA3 treatment had no significant effect on plant growth. Antitranspirant significantly increased RGR, total leaf area, and plant weight independent of hormone treatments.
Identification of a Selective Suppressor Gene in Cucurbita pepo L.1
Authors: Shifriss Oved
Published: October 2022

Gene B. which conditions precocious yellowing of fruits, can also condition precocious yellowing of leaves. Data from a cross between BB parents, ‘Jersey Golden Acorn’ (yellow fruits, yellow leaves) and ‘NJ 260’ (yellow fruits, green leaves), indicate that a partially dominant gene, Ses-B, selectively suppresses the expression of B in leaves, but not in fruits.
Low-temperature Germination of Birdsnest-type Muskmelons1
Authors: Nerson Haim , Cantliffe Daniel J. , Paris Harry S. , Karchi Zvi
Published: October 2022

Eight accessions of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) possessing one of 3 growth habits, vine, short-internode, and birdsnest, were germinated at 15°C. All 3 birdsnest lines had at least 85% germination after 12 days incubation, whereas all vine and short-internode lines tested had 0% germination. Various seed pretreatments, including presoaking in aerated water for 24 hours, had beneficial effects on germination of birdsnest types at this temperature.
Propagation of Blueberry by Softwood Terminal Cuttings in Pine Bark and Peat Media1
Authors: Pokorny F. A. , Austin M. E.
Published: October 2022

Softwood terminal cuttings of ‘Woodard’ and ‘Tifblue’ blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) rooted best in media containing milled pine bark alone or mixed with equal parts of perlite, compared to sphagnum peatmoss alone or mixed with equal parts of perlite. Percentage rooting, root quality, and percentage marketability of softwood terminal cuttings of Vaccinium ‘Tifton 275’, a complex hybrid of V. corymbosum L. and V. ashei, was unaffected by rooting medium.
Effects of Two Mycorrhizal Isolates on Highbush Blueberry at Two Soil pH Levels1
Authors: Reich Lee A. , Korcak R. F. , Thompson A. H.
Published: October 2022

Seedlings of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) subjected to 3 fungal treatments and 2 soil pH levels (4.2 and limed to 6.0) displayed no significant treatment interaction in respect to growth, mycorrhizal infection intensity, or nutrient uptake. Among the fungal treatments, there were differences in nutrient uptake and infection intensity, but no difference in total linear stem growth or number of shoots. Lower soil pH resulted in significantly greater stem growth and number of shoots; however, intensity of infection was not significantly different compared to the high pH soil.
Effects of Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus on Yield and Cane Growth in Susceptible Red Raspberry Cultivars1
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. , Freeman Jack A. , Stace-Smith R.
Published: October 2022

Virus-free (VF) plants of 6 cultivars of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) were graft-inoculated with raspberry bushy dwarf (RBDV)-infected scions. Plants grown from root cuttings of the inoculated plants were established in a replicated field trial and their performance was compared with noninoculated plants for 4 years. ‘Haida’ and ‘Willamette’ did not become infected with the virus either by graft inoculation or by pollen transmission. The other cultivars, ‘Creston’, ‘Canby’, ‘Lloyd George’, and ‘Meeker’, were infected by graft inoculation. Moreover, after 4 years, all of the original VF plants of these cultivars were infected. Differences in virus effects between the original VF and RBDV-infected clones were greatest for ‘Meeker’ and least for ‘Creston’. Black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV) was not associated with RBDV infection in Meeker although the cultivar is susceptible to the aphid vector of BRNV.
Effect of Transplant Stress on Strawberry Performance1
Authors: Albregts E. E. , Howard C. M.
Published: October 2022

Subjecting harvested transplants of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cvs. Florida Belle and Dover) to excessive wilting increased foliage loss and plant mortality and reduced plant size and January fruit yields.
Effect of the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Pisolithus tinctorius and Auxin Rooting Formulations on Growth of ‘Cortland’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Greene Duane W. , Manning William J. , Cooley Daniel R.
Published: October 2022

‘Cortland’/Mailing (M) 7 apple trees (Malus domestica Bork.) which were treated at planting time with commercial root promoters, containing either naphthaleneacetamide (NAAm) + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA) + fertilizer, or the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius, increased terminal growth. P. tinctorius was superior to either rooting compound for increasing total growth, and only P. tinctorius increased root weight. Colonization of the root system by P. tinctorius was not observed, although the roots of P. tinctorius-treated trees appeared to have more endomycorrhizae. The growth increase was not due to increased nutrient uptake.
Effect of CGA-15281, an Ethylene-generating Material, on Maturity of ‘Delicious’ Apple1
Authors: Crassweller R. M.
Published: October 2022

Application of (2-chloroethyl)methylbis (phenylmethoxy) silane (CGA-15281) in combination with butanedioic acid mono-2-2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) increased fruit color of ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Bork.) in 1980 within 5 days after treatment at concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm, but was not significantly better than untreated controls at harvest. Fruit firmness was reduced within 10 days by the application of 500 ppm CGA in the absence of daminozide. In 1981, application of CGA at various rates from 250 to 1000 ppm did not significantly alter percent soluble solids, starch index, surface color or fruit firmness in comparison to a 500-ppm ethephon treatment. Fruit ethylene levels of all CGA treated fruit were higher 2 hours after treatment in comparison to ethephon at 500 ppm. Ethylene levels of 1000 ppm CGA treatment remained higher than ethephon treatment until 24 hours after treatment.