bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academics and competing interests in H1N1 influenza media reporting
Authors: Mandeville Kate L , O'Neill Sam , Brighouse Andrew , Walker Alice , Yarrow Kielan , Chan Kenneth
Published: November 2013

Background

Concerns have been raised over competing interests (CoI) among academics during the 2009 to 2010 A/H1N1 pandemic. Media reporting can influence public anxiety and demand for pharmaceutical products. We assessed CoI of academics providing media commentary during the early stages of the pandemic.

Methods

We performed a retrospective content analysis of UK newspaper articles on A/H1N1 influenza, examining quoted sources. We noted when academics made a risk assessment of the pandemic and compared this with official estimations. We also looked for promotion or rejection of the use of neuraminidase inhibitors or H1N1-specific vaccine. We independently searched for CoI for each academic.

Results

Academics were the second most frequently quoted source after Ministers of Health. Where both academics and official agencies estimated the risk of H1N1, one in two academics assessed the risk as higher than official predictions. For academics with CoI, the odds of a higher risk assessment were 5.8 times greater than those made by academics without CoI (Wald p value=0.009). One in two academics commenting on the use of neuraminidase inhibitors or vaccine had CoI. The odds of CoI in academics promoting the use of neuraminidase inhibitors were 8.4 times greater than for academics not commenting on their use (Fisher's exact p=0.005).

Conclusions

There is evidence of CoI among academics providing media commentary during the early H1N1 pandemic. Heightened risk assessments, combined with advocacy for pharmaceutical products to counter this risk, may lead to increased public anxiety and demand. Academics should declare, and journalists report, relevant CoI for media interviews.
Fluid loss as a quick method to evaluate hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners under acidic conditions
Authors: Liu Yang , Gates Will P. , Bouazza Abdelmalek , Rowe R. Kerry
Published: November 2013

This study investigates the performance of bentonite components of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) when exposed to aggressive leachates using the fluid loss test and provides a possible quick method for estimating the effect of acidic conditions on hydraulic conductivity. Fluid loss generally increases with increasing acid concentrations. Hydraulic conductivity values back-calculated from the fluid loss tests (kFL) are compared with the values measured using a flexible-wall permeameter (kTri). Generally, the predicted hydraulic conductivity values are conservative (kFL/kTri > 1) under water and low acid concentrations (≤0.015 mol/L). However, the back-calculated hydraulic conductivity is shown to be nonconservative (kFL/kTri < 1) at high acid concentrations (≥0.125 mol/L).
A SURVEY ON COSYMPLECTIC GEOMETRY
Authors: CAPPELLETTI-MONTANO BENIAMINO , DE NICOLA ANTONIO , YUDIN IVAN
Published: November 2013

We give an up-to-date overview of geometric and topological properties of cosymplectic and coKähler manifolds. We also mention some of their applications to time-dependent mechanics.
HYPERSTRUCTURES ON LIE ALGEBROIDS
Authors: ANTUNES P. , NUNES DA COSTA J. M.
Published: November 2013

We define hypersymplectic structures on Lie algebroids recovering, as particular cases, all the classical results and examples of hypersymplectic structures on manifolds. We prove a 1-1 correspondence theorem between hypersymplectic structures and hyperkähler structures. We show that the hypersymplectic framework is very rich in already known compatible pairs of tensors such as Poisson–Nijenhuis, ΩN and PΩ structures.
DRUG POLYCONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED SYNCHRONIZATION OF BRAIN ELECTRICAL-ACTIVITY AT REST AND IN A COUNTING TASK
Authors: COULLAUT-VALERA R. , ARBAIZA I. , BAJO R. , ARRÚE R. , LÓPEZ M. E. , COULLAUT-VALERA J. , CORREAS A. , LÓPEZ-SANZ D. , MAESTU F. , PAPO D.
Published: November 2013

Drug abusers typically consume not just one but several types of drugs, starting from alcohol and marijuana consumption, and then dramatically lapsing into addiction to harder drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, or amphetamine. The brain of drug abusers presents various structural and neurophysiological abnormalities, some of which may predate drug consumption onset. However, how these changes translate into modifications in functional brain connectivity is still poorly understood. To characterize functional connectivity patterns, we recorded Electroencephalogram (EEG) activity from 21 detoxified drug abusers and 20 age-matched control subjects performing a simple counting task and at rest activity. To evaluate the cortical brain connectivity network we applied the Synchronization Likelihood algorithm. The results showed that drug abusers had higher synchronization levels at low frequencies, mainly in the θ band (4–8 Hz) between frontal and posterior cortical regions. During the counting task, patients showed increased synchronization in the β (14–35 Hz), and γ (35–45 Hz) frequency bands, in fronto-posterior and interhemispheric temporal regions. Taken together 'slow-down' at rest and task-related 'over-exertion' could indicate that the brain of drug abusers is suffering from a premature form of ageing. Future studies will clarify whether this condition can be reversed following prolonged periods of abstinence.
NON-COMMUTATIVE REPRESENTATIONS OF FAMILIES OF k2 COMMUTATIVE POLYNOMIALS IN 2k2 COMMUTING VARIABLES
Authors: DYM HARRY , HELTON J. WILLIAM , MEIER CALEB
Published: November 2013

Given a collection [Formula: see text] of k2 commutative polynomials in 2k2 variables, the objective is to find a condensed representation for these polynomials in terms of a single non-commutative (nc) polynomial p(X, Y) in two k × k matrix variables X and Y. In this paper, we develop algorithms that will generically determine whether the given family [Formula: see text] has a nc representation and will produce such a representation if it exists. In particular, we determine an open, dense subset of the space of nc polynomials in two variables that satisfies the following property: if a family [Formula: see text] of polynomials admits a nc representation in this subset, then our algorithms will determine this representation.
HYDRODYNAMICS OF THE KURAMOTO–VICSEK MODEL OF ROTATING SELF-PROPELLED PARTICLES
Authors: DEGOND PIERRE , DIMARCO GIACOMO , MAC THI BICH NGOC
Published: November 2013

We consider an Individual-Based Model for self-rotating particles interacting through local alignment and investigate its macroscopic limit. This model describes self-propelled particles moving in the plane and trying to synchronize their rotation motion with their neighbors. It combines the Kuramoto model of synchronization and the Vicsek model of swarm formation. We study the mean-field kinetic and hydrodynamic limits of this system within two different scalings. In the small angular velocity regime, the resulting model is a slight modification of the "Self-Organized Hydrodynamic" model which has been previously introduced by the first author. In the large angular velocity case, a new type of hydrodynamic model is obtained. A preliminary study of the linearized stability is proposed.
ANALYSIS OF HOPF/HOPF BIFURCATIONS IN NONLOCAL HYPERBOLIC MODELS FOR SELF-ORGANISED AGGREGATIONS
Authors: BUONO P.-L. , EFTIMIE R.
Published: November 2013

The modelling and investigation of complex spatial and spatio-temporal patterns exhibited by a various self-organised biological aggregations has become one of the most rapidly-expanding research areas. Generally, the majority of the studies in this area either try to reproduce numerically the observed patterns, or use existence results to prove analytically that the models can exhibit certain types of patterns. Here, we focus on a class of nonlocal hyperbolic models for self-organised movement and aggregations, and investigate the bifurcation of some spatial and spatio-temporal patterns observed numerically near a codimension-2 Hopf/Hopf bifurcation point. Using weakly nonlinear analysis and the symmetry of the model, we identify analytically all types of solutions that can exist in the neighbourhood of this bifurcation point. We also discuss the stability of these solutions, and the implication of these stability results on the observed numerical patterns.
COUPLING TRAFFIC FLOW NETWORKS TO PEDESTRIAN MOTION
Authors: BORSCHE R. , KLAR A. , KÜHN S. , MEURER A.
Published: November 2013

In this paper scalar macroscopic models for traffic and pedestrian flows are coupled and the resulting system is investigated numerically. For the traffic flow the classical Lighthill–Whitham Richards model on a network of roads and for the pedestrian flow the Hughes model are used. These models are coupled via terms in the fundamental diagrams modeling an influence of the traffic and pedestrian flow on the maximal velocities of the corresponding models. Several physical situations, where pedestrians and cars interact, are investigated.
CONSENSUS-LIKE ALGORITHMS FOR ESTIMATION OF GAUSSIAN MIXTURES OVER LARGE SCALE NETWORKS
Authors: FAGNANI FABIO , FOSSON SOPHIE M. , RAVAZZI CHIARA
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we address the problem of estimating Gaussian mixtures in a sensor network. The scenario we consider is the following: a common signal is acquired by sensors, whose measurements are affected by standard Gaussian noise and by different offsets. The measurements can thus be statistically modeled as mixtures of Gaussians with equal variance and different expected values. The aim of the network is to achieve a common estimation of the signal, and to cluster the sensors according to their own offsets.

For this purpose, we develop an iterative, distributed, consensus-like algorithm based on Maximum Likelihood estimation, which is well-suited to work in-network when the communication to a central processing unit is not allowed. Estimation is performed by the sensors themselves, which typically consist of devices with limited computational capabilities.

Our main contribution is the analytical proof of the convergence of the algorithm. Our protocol is compared with existing methods via numerical simulations and the trade-offs between robustness, speed of convergence and implementation simplicity are discussed in detail.
INFLATIONARY DARK ENERGY FROM A CONDENSATE OF SPINORS IN A 5D VACUUM
Authors: SÁNCHEZ PABLO ALEJANDRO , BELLINI MAURICIO
Published: November 2013

What is the physical origin of dark energy? Could this energy be originated by other fields than the inflaton? In this paper, we explore the possibility that the expansion of the universe can be driven by a condensate of spinors. These spinors are free of interactions on five-dimensional (5D) relativistic vacuum in an extended de Sitter spacetime. The extra coordinate is considered as noncompact. After making a static foliation on the extra coordinate, we obtain an effective four-dimensional (4D) (inflationary) de Sitter expansion which describes an inflationary universe. In view of our results, we conclude that the condensate of spinors here studied could be an interesting candidate to explain the presence of dark energy in the early universe.
FACTORS INFLUENCING VICARIOUS LEARNING MECHANISM EFFECTIVENESS WITHIN ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: VOIT JOHN R. , DRURY COLIN G.
Published: November 2013

As organizations become larger it becomes increasingly difficult to share lessons-learned across their disconnected units allowing individuals to learn vicariously from each other's experiences. This lesson-learned information is often unsolicited by the recipient group or individual and required an individual or group to react to the information to yield benefits for the organization. Data was collected using 39 interviews and 582 survey responses that proved the effects of information usefulness, related human intermediary activities, and an individual's perceived discretion have on the review and subsequent adoption of unsolicited lessons-learned information.
DATA ANALYSIS CHALLENGES IN STRUCTURAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT USING MEASURED DYNAMIC RESPONSES
Authors: HALDAR ACHINTYA , DAS AJOY K. , AL-HUSSEIN ABDULLAH
Published: November 2013

The authors and their research team developed several nondestructive inspection-based structural health assessment and monitoring procedures to detect defect at the local element level, representing structures by finite elements. They are based on time domain nonlinear system identification-based concept. By tracking changes in the identified system parameters of the elements, the location and severity of defect can be assessed. To increase their implementation potential, only limited numbers of very short durations measured noise-contaminated acceleration time-histories are used in the identification algorithms. Numerous multi-disciplinary advanced data processing schemes used in developing these algorithms are briefly discussed. Presence of uncertainties in data processing and mitigation strategies are emphasized.
Adaptive hp finite element method for fluorescence molecular tomography with simplified spherical harmonics approximation
Authors: Guo Hongbo , Hou Yuqing , He Xiaowei , Yu Jingjing , Cheng Jingxing , Pu Xin
Published: November 2013

Recently, the simplified spherical harmonics equations (SPN) model has attracted much attention in modeling the light propagation in small tissue geometries at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. In this paper, we report an efficient numerical method for fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) that combines the advantage of SPN model and adaptive hp finite element method (hp-FEM). For purposes of comparison, hp-FEM and h-FEM are, respectively applied to the reconstruction process with diffusion approximation and SPN model. Simulation experiments on a 3D digital mouse atlas and physical experiments on a phantom are designed to evaluate the reconstruction methods in terms of the location and the reconstructed fluorescent yield. The experimental results demonstrate that hp-FEM with SPN model, yield more accurate results than h-FEM with diffusion approximation model does. The phantom experiments show the potential and feasibility of the proposed approach in FMT applications.
EXERGY ANALYSIS OF A VAPOR COMPRESSION–VAPOR ABSORPTION CASCADE SYSTEM
Authors: SACHDEVA GULSHAN , JAIN VAIBHAV , KACHHWAHA S. S.
Published: November 2013

In this paper, second law analysis has been done for the vapor compression–vapor absorption (VC–VA) cascade system. Ammonia–water is considered as the working pair in absorption section and R407C is dealt as the working fluid in VC section. Exergy destruction or the irreversibility rate is determined in each components of VC–VA cascade system, for a wide range of cooling capacity by considering a variable speed reciprocating compressor. Further in this, Coefficient of structural bond (CSB) analysis is carried out to quantify the effect of varying the generator temperature, effectiveness of solution heat exchanger, inlet temperature of external fluids in evaporator/condenser and some other variables. Solution heat exchanger and the condenser are reported to have high CSB value, so have a great scope of improvement to reduce the irreversibility rate of the whole system.
THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF LOUDSPEAKER FOR A 10 WATTS COOLING POWER THERMOACOUSTIC REFRIGERATOR
Authors: PRASHANTHA B. G. , GOVINDE GOWDA M. S. , SEETHARAMU S. , NARASIMHAM G. S. V. L.
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a design of moving coil loudspeaker for a 10 W cooling power thermoacoustic refrigerator. An electrical model is presented which simulates the behavior of the loudspeaker. The gas spring system for matching the frequency of the commercially available loudspeaker with the frequency of the acoustic resonator tube for maximizing electro-acoustical efficiency of the loudspeaker is discussed. The optimum back volume for the gas spring system is found to be 59.7 cc, which is about 1.9% of the total resonator volume when the loudspeaker frequency and the acoustic resonator frequency is made equal at 400 Hz with a moving mass of 20 g. The effect of force factor Bl on loudspeaker performance is discussed. Analysis results shows that for better performance of a refrigerator, the loudspeaker should be chosen to have a large force factor and small values for electrical and mechanical resistances. The refrigerator system is tested with DeltaEC software and its results are in good agreement with an electrical model results.
THEORETICAL PREDICTION OF A NEW TYPE OF HALF-METALLIC MATERIALS IN DOUBLE DEROVSKITE Pb2BB′O6 (B, B′ = 3d TRANSITION METAL) VIA FIRST-PRINCIPLE CALCULATIONS
Authors: FUH HUEI-RU , WENG KE-CHUAN , LIU YUN-PING , WANG YIN-KUO
Published: November 2013

This study investigate the electronic structure of double perovskite Pb 2BB′ O 6 (B, B′ = 3d transition metal atoms) with ab initio calculation. Density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is used to determine the physical proprieties of the materials. Six new half-metallic (HM) materials are found from 45 [Formula: see text] combinations in double perovskite Pb 2BB′ O 6 (of 3d transition metal atoms). There are five ferromagnetic (FM)-HM materials ( Pb 2 ScCrO 6, Pb 2 ScMnO 6, Pb 2 TiVO 6, Pb 2 TiCrO 6 and Pb 2 CrMnO 6) and one ferrimagnetic (FiM)-HM material ( Pb 2 TiFeO 6). The HM property of the materials are attributed to the double-exchange interaction mechanism through the B(t2g)- O (2p)-B′(t2g) π-binding. Besides including the on site Coulomb interaction, GGA+U calculation is also carried out and the HM property is ensured.
The carbonate-evaporite lagoon of Al Dakhirah (Qatar): an example of a modern depositional model controlled by longshore transport
Authors: Billeaud Isabelle , Caline Bruno , Livas Benjamin , Tessier Bernadette , Davaud Eric , Frebourg Gregory , Hasler Claude-Alain , Laurier Dominique , Pabian-Goyheneche Cecile
Published: November 2013

The southern coast of the Arabian Gulf is considered a good example of an arid carbonate depositional system. The objective of this field investigation is to better elucidate the dynamic controls on the character and pattern of the depositional belts in a carbonate-evaporite lagoonal setting. The interpretation of this lagoon is based on combined field examination and laboratory analyses of surface samples, and this has resulted in an updated depositional model for carbonate-evaporite lagoonal settings. This study highlights the effects of sediment transport by longshore currents, with the formation of sand spits that gradually closed the lagoon during their southwards migration. The associated narrow and elongated back-barrier settings consist of tidal-dominated muddy sediments affected by a network of tidal channels. This wave-dominated high-energy system has generated several carbonate barrier and back-barrier units that migrated southwards and seawards during the last few thousands of years. This updated depositional model significantly differs from shoreline-parallel facies tracts of the classical Trucial Coast model, where the dominant wind is orientated perpendicular to the coastline. Conversely to the sediment belts of the Trucial Coast, the Al Dakhirah lagoon displays a strongly asymmetrical pattern of the sediment belts, marked by a southwards and seawards migration.
Stone uses in Reims Cathedral: provenance, physical properties and restoration phases
Authors: Turmel A. , Fronteau G. , Thomachot-Schneider C. , Moreau C. , Chalumeau L. , Barbin V.
Published: November 2013

Reims Cathedral is a major monument in the NE of France originally built with local Lutetian limestone. The recent closure of the last quarries has made restoration using the same stone more complicated. The restoration stones used currently are Lutetian limestones from the centre of the Paris Basin (Saint-Pierre-Aigle and Saint-Maximin stones). Mapping of the Cathedral's façades confirmed the data from ancient manuscripts: Courville stone was the original building stone, but several other local stones from various quarries and beds were also used. As a follow-up to this mapping, Lutetian limestones from five disused quarries were sampled for petrophysical characterization tests: thin section analyses, porosimetry, capillary and drying kinetics. The petrophysical properties of the limestones showed differences between the two main local stone types (
Ditrupa
limestone and miliolids limestone) and also between the quarries. This study addresses the difficulty of selecting new stone for restoration. Should ancient quarries be re-opened? If so, which ones?
Replacement stones for Lede stone in Belgian historical monuments
Authors: De Kock Tim , Dewanckele Jan , Boone Marijn , De Schutter Geert , Jacobs Patric , Cnudde Veerle
Published: November 2013

The Lede stone (Lutetian, Eocene) is an important historic building stone used in the NW of Belgium. In Ghent, it is dominant in the post-Romanesque built cultural heritage. Its use was restricted several times by socio-economic constraints. Since quarrying and production started to cease from the seventeenth century, periodic revivals favoured the use of Lede stone for new buildings and restoration projects. Sulphation is the main threat for the Lede stone as black crusts are the most common degradation phenomena on this arenaceous limestone. Around the turn of the nineteenth century, the Belgian Gobertange stone was the most widely used replacement material. Throughout the twentieth century, the use of replacement material shifted towards French limestones. However, their colour, texture and petrophysical properties differ from the Lede stone, for which a natural yellow–brown patina is very characteristic. In order to solve this mainly aesthetic issue, several new stone types are used as replacement stone in the twenty-first century, while many others have been suggested. It remains, however, difficult to find a replacement stone that matches the visual and petrophysical properties of the Lede stone. One remaining Lede stone quarry pit has increased its activity since 2011, offering the opportunity to use new Lede stone as replacement stone.
Probabilistic Relational Reasoning for Differential Privacy
Authors: Barthe Gilles , Köpf Boris , Olmedo Federico , Zanella-Béguelin Santiago
Published: November 2013

Differential privacy is a notion of confidentiality that allows useful computations on sensible data while protecting the privacy of individuals. Proving differential privacy is a difficult and error-prone task that calls for principled approaches and tool support. Approaches based on linear types and static analysis have recently emerged; however, an increasing number of programs achieve privacy using techniques that fall out of their scope. Examples include programs that aim for weaker, approximate differential privacy guarantees and programs that achieve differential privacy without using any standard mechanisms. Providing support for reasoning about the privacy of such programs has been an open problem.

We report on CertiPriv, a machine-checked framework for reasoning about differential privacy built on top of the Coq proof assistant. The central component of CertiPriv is a quantitative extension of probabilistic relational Hoare logic that enables one to derive differential privacy guarantees for programs from first principles. We demonstrate the applicability of CertiPriv on a number of examples whose formal analysis is out of the reach of previous techniques. In particular, we provide the first machine-checked proofs of correctness of the Laplacian, Gaussian, and exponential mechanisms and of the privacy of randomized and streaming algorithms from the literature.
Exploring Sustainable Practices in Workplace Settings through Visualizing Electricity Consumption
Authors: Katzeff Cecilia , Broms Loove , Jönsson Li , Westholm Ulrika , Räsänen Minna
Published: November 2013

People’s domestic habits are increasingly being targeted to reduce levels of CO2 emissions. Whereas domestic energy consumption has received a lot of attention with several reported studies on sustainable practices, there are very few studies on workplace practices. Nevertheless, these are considered as having much potential for reducing energy consumption. This article presents the findings from two field studies where two different types of prototypes for visualizing energy use were designed, implemented and evaluated in different types of workplace settings -- factories and offices. The studies used design probes to explore how visual feedback for electricity use was interpreted and acted upon by employees in work settings. A striking observation was that it is very difficult to get people to change to more pro-environmental behavior and practices in a workplace environment. The article discusses why this might be the case.
Sport and Nonsport Etiologies of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Similarities and Differences
Authors: Rabinowitz Amanda R. , Li Xiaoqi , Levin Harvey S.
Published: November 2013

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has recently gained appreciation as a significant public health problem, which has highlighted just how little is known about its proximal and long-term effects. A major challenge in the study of mTBI is the heterogeneity of the condition. Research on mTBI has historically separated sport and nonsport etiologies, and the extent to which research from one of these samples translates to the other is unclear. This review examines the literature on mTBI, with a focus on comparing sport and nonsport etiologies with regard to the latest research on biomechanics, pathophysiology, neurocognitive effects, and neuroimaging. Issues of particular relevance to sports injuries, such as exercise, repetitive injuries, subconcussive blows, and chronic injury effects, are also reviewed.
A Novel Open‐Loop Tracking Strategy for Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Alexandru Cătălin
Published: November 2013

This paper approaches a dual‐axis equatorial tracking system that is used to increase the photovoltaic efficiency by maximizing the degree of use of the solar radiation. The innovative aspect in the solar tracker design consists in considering the tracking mechanism as a perturbation for the DC motors. The goal is to control the DC motors, which are perturbed with the motor torques whose computation is based on the dynamic model of the mechanical structure on which external forces act. The daily and elevation angles of the PV module represent the input parameters in the mechanical device, while the outputs transmitted to the controller are the motor torques. The controller tuning is approached by a parametric optimization process, using design of experiments and response surface methodology techniques, in a multiple regression. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the operational performance of the tracking system.
Spatiotemporal Variations of the 90Sr in the Southern Part of the Baltic Sea over the Period of 2005–2010
Authors: Saniewski Michał
Published: November 2013

The Baltic Sea is one of the most contaminated seas by the radioactive isotope of strontium in the world; therefore the activity of
90Sr is regularly controlled. Due to that fact, seawater samples for 90Sr determination were
collected at 16 stations located in the southern Baltic Sea between 2005 and 2010. In this period average activity of 90Sr was 7.8 Bq m−3
and varied within the range from 3.0 Bq m−3 to 11.9 Bq m−3.
Because the higher activity of 90Sr was measured in the Baltic Sea than in the North Sea and rivers, inflows from the North Sea and the riverine runoff decreased
90Sr activity in the Baltic Sea. The average 90Sr activity in the bottom water along the offshore profile was 18% lower than that in the surface water
and it was caused by an inflow of salt water from the North Sea. In the Vistula River mouth the average activity of 90Sr
in the surface water was about 15% lower than the average activity in the bottom waters.
Coastal areas, relatively shallow with good mixing condition in the water column, were characterized by low variability in 90Sr activity.
Investigation on the Effect of NiZn Ferrite on the Mechanical and Thermal Conductivity of PLA/LNR Nanocomposites
Authors: Tarawneh Mou’ad A. , Shahdan Dalila , Ahmad Sahrim Hj
Published: November 2013

The mechanical and conductivity of magnetic polymer nanocomposite (MPNC) of nickel zinc (NiZn) ferrite nanoparticles incorporated with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and liquid natural rubber (LNR) as compatibilizer is reported. The matrix was prepared from PLA and LNR in the ratio of 90 : 10. The MPNC of PLA/LNR/NiZn ferrite then was prepared via Thermo Haake internal mixer using melt‐blending method from different filler loading from 1–5 wt% NiZn ferrite. The result of tensile tests showed that as the filler loading increases, the tensile strength also increases until an optimum value of filler loading was reached. Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break have also increased. The study proves that NiZn ferrite is an excellent reinforcement filler in PLA/LNR matrix. The optimum thermal conductivity of PLA/LNR composites achieved with (4 wt% NiZn) due to the effective combination of NiZn‐NiZn conductive networks. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) reveal that the aspect ratio and filler orientation in the PLA/LNR matrix also strongly promoted interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrix to control its properties.
Fault Diagnosis for Linear Discrete Systems Based on an Adaptive Observer
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Jiang Bin , Zhang Ke
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a fault diagnosis algorithm to estimate the fault for a class of linear discrete systems based on an adaptive fault estimation observer. And observer gain matrix and adaptive adjusting rule of the fault estimator are designed. Furthermore, the adaptive regulating algorithm can guarantee the first-order difference of a Lyapunov discrete function to be negative, so that the observer is ensured to be stable and fault estimation errors are convergent. Finally, simulation results of an aircraft F-16 illustrate the advantages of the theoretic results that are obtained in this paper.
Updates on Morphea: Role of Vascular Injury and Advances in Treatment
Authors: Sartori-Valinotti Julio C. , Tollefson Megha M. , Reed Ann M.
Published: November 2013

Morphea and systemic sclerosis are fibrosing disorders of the skin that share common inflammatory and immunologic pathways that are responsible for the vascular changes, increased collagen production, and extracellular matrix proliferation seen in both conditions. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques have furthered our knowledge of the potential underlying pathogenic mechanisms and offer new and provocative areas of research for novel diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on the role of vascular injury in the development of morphea, the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic modality, and well-established and newly proposed treatments.
Surveillance of HCC Patients after Liver RFA: Role of MRI with Hepatospecific Contrast versus Three-Phase CT Scan—Experience of High Volume Oncologic Institute
Authors: Granata Vincenza , Petrillo Mario , Fusco Roberta , Setola Sergio Venanzio , de Lutio di Castelguidone Elisabetta , Catalano Orlando , Piccirillo Mauro , Albino Vittorio , Izzo Francesco , Petrillo Antonella
Published: November 2013

Purpose. To compare the diagnostic accuracy of hepatospecific contrast-enhanced MRI versus triple-phase CT scan after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.Methods. Thirty-four consecutive HCC patients (42 hepatic nodules) were treated with percutaneous RFA and underwent MR and CT scans. All patients were enrolled in a research protocol that included CT with iodized contrast medium injection and MR with hepatospecific contrast medium injection. All patients were restaged within four weeks and at 3 months from ablation. The images were reviewed by four different radiologists to evaluate tumor necrosis, residual or recurrence disease, and evidence of new foci.Results. Thirty-two nodules were necrotic after treatment; 10 showed residual disease. Six new HCCs were identified. At first month followup CT has identified 34 necrotic lesions and 8 residual diseases; no new foci were recognized. At MRI instead, 32 complete necrotic lesions were identified, 10 lesions showed residual disease, and 2 new HCCs were found. At three months, CT demonstrated 33 completely necrotic lesions, 9 residual diseases, and 2 new HCCs. MR showed 31 complete necrotic lesions, 11 cases of residual disease, and 6 new HCCs.Conclusions. Hepatospecific contrast-enhanced MRI is more effective than multiphase CT in assessment of HCC treated with RFA.
Modeling and Simulation of Piecewise Regular Multimode Fiber Links Operating in a Few-Mode Regime
Authors: Bourdine Anton
Published: November 2013

This work presents an alternative model of multimode fiber links with conventional silica weakly-guiding graded-index irregular multimode fibers under a few-mode optical signal propagation generated by laser source. The proposed model is based on the piecewise regular representation. It takes into account launch conditions, differential mode delay, both lower- and higher-order mode chromatic dispersion, differential mode attenuation, and mode mixing and power diffusion occurring due to real fiber irregularity and micro- and macrobends. We present some results of introduced model approbation with following pulse propagation simulations. A close matching with measured pulse responses at the output of test fibers is noticed.
A Limited Sampling, Simple, and Useful Method for Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Cats by Using a New Accurate HPLC Method to Measure Iohexol Plasmatic Concentrations
Authors: Valentina Meucci , Grazia Guidi , Pierre Melanie , Gloria Breghi , Ilaria Lippi
Published: November 2013

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is still a highly underutilized tool in cats because available methods are not easy to be performed in clinical practice. Iohexol (IOX) has been shown to be a useful and reliable marker of GFR both in animals and in humans. The aim of the present study was to develop a rapid and reliable method for measuring IOX in feline plasma and to evaluate the accuracy of limited sampling models to establish a low-cost and clinically suitable GFR test. IOX concentrations were determined by using a new HPLC-UV method. GFR was assessed as plasma clearance of IOX, which was calculated by dividing dose administered by area under the curve of plasmatic concentrationversustime (AUC), and indexed to body weight (BW). Correlation and agreement analysis between the GFR values obtained by a seven-point clearance method and the GFR values determined by the application of simplified sample combinations indicated that the 3-blood sample clearance model (5, 30, and 60 min) was the best simplified method because it provided an accurate GFR value in only one hour. The reported method is a simple and accurate way of GFR determination, which may be easily used in a clinical setting.
Theoretical Hill-Type Muscle and Stability: Numerical Model and Application
Authors: Schmitt S. , Günther M. , Rupp T. , Bayer A. , Häufle D.
Published: November 2013

The construction of artificial muscles is one of the most challenging developments in today’s biomedical science. The application of artificial muscles is focused both on the construction of orthotics and prosthetics for rehabilitation and prevention purposes and on building humanoid walking machines for robotics research. Research in biomechanics tries to explain the functioning and design of real biological muscles and therefore lays the fundament for the development of functional artificial muscles. Recently, the hyperbolic Hill-type force-velocity relation was derived from simple mechanical components. In this contribution, this theoretical yet biomechanical model is transferred to a numerical model and applied for presenting a proof-of-concept of a functional artificial muscle. Additionally, this validated theoretical model is used to determine force-velocity relations of different animal species that are based on the literature data from biological experiments. Moreover, it is shown that an antagonistic muscle actuator can help in stabilising a single inverted pendulum model in favour of a control approach using a linear torque generator.
Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles: Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation by In Vitro and In Vivo Assays
Authors: Prodan Alina Mihaela , Iconaru Simona Liliana , Ciobanu Carmen Steluta , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen , Stoicea Mihai , Predoi Daniela
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological properties of iron oxide nanoparticles (IO‐NPs) obtained in the aqueous suspension. The iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biocompatibility of the iron oxide was demonstrated by the in vitro quantification of HeLa cells viability using propidium iodide (PI) and fluorescein diacetate (FdA) and the MTT colorimetric assay. The toxicity of small size iron oxide nanoparticles was also evaluated by means of histological examination on male Brown Norway rats after intraperitoneal injection. At the tested concentrations, the nanoparticles proved to be not cytotoxic on HeLa cells. The rat’s behavior, as well as the histopathological aspect of liver, kidney, lung, and spleen tissues at 48 h after intraperitoneal injection did not present any modifications. The in vivo and in vitro assays suggested that the IO‐NPs could be further used for developing new in vivo medical applications.
Electrospun Hyaluronan‐Gelatin Nanofibrous Matrix for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Authors: Liou Hau-Min , Rau Lih-Rou , Huang Chun-Chiang , Lu Meng-Ru , Hsu Fu-Yin
Published: November 2013

Schwann cells play a critical role in the repair of the peripheral nerve. The goal of this study was to fabricate electrospun gelatin (Gel) and hyaluronan‐gelatin (HA‐Gel) composite nanofibers to provide a suitable growth environment for Schwann cells. The fiber diameters of Gel, 0.5 HA‐Gel, 1 HA‐Gel, and 1.5 HA‐Gel were 130 ± 30 nm, 294 ± 87 nm, 362 ± 129 nm, and 224 ± 54 nm, respectively. The biological performance of Gel and HA‐Gel was evaluated using an in vitro culture of RT4‐D6P2T rat Schwann cells. We found that the cell attachment and proliferation rates were not significantly different on these matrices. However, the Schwann cells displayed better organized F‐actin on HA‐Gel than on Gel. Moreover, the expression levels of several genes, including Nrg1, GFAP, and P0, were significantly higher on HA‐Gel than on Gel. In addition, the levels of Nrg1 and P0 protein expression were also higher on the HA‐Gel than on Gel. These results indicate that the hyaluronan‐gelatin composite nanofibrous matrix could potentially be used in peripheral nerve repair.
The Effect of Postoperative Corticosteroid Administration on Free Vascularized Fibular Grafting for Treating Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Ding Hao , Chen Sheng-Bao , Lin Sen , Gao You-Shui , Zhang Chang-Qing
Published: November 2013

Free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG) has been reported to be an effective method of treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). This study evaluated whether postoperative maintenance doses of corticosteroids had an adverse effect on FVFG outcomes in patients with corticosteroid‐induced ONFH. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 39 patients (67 hips) who had received maintenance doses of corticosteroids following FVFG. This group was matched to a group of patients who had not received corticosteroids treatment after operation. The mean follow‐up duration was 5.4 years for the postoperative corticosteroid administration group (PCA group) and 5.0 years for the control group. At the latest follow‐up, the average increase in Harris hip score was 11.1 ± 8.7 points for all hips in the PCA group and 12.6 ± 7.4 points for all hips in the control group (P > 0.05). In the PCA group, through radiographic evaluation, 49 hips were improved, 10 hips appeared unchanged, and 8 hips appeared worse. In the control group, 47 hips were improved, 13 hips appeared unchanged, and 7 hips appeared worse. The results suggested that postoperative maintenance doses of corticosteroids do not have an adverse effect on FVFG outcomes in patients with corticosteroid‐induced ONFH.
Ethanolic Extract of Polish Propolis: Chemical Composition and TRAIL-R2 Death Receptor Targeting Apoptotic Activity against Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Szliszka Ewelina , Sokół-Łętowska Anna , Kucharska Alicja Z. , Jaworska Dagmara , Czuba Zenon P. , Król Wojciech
Published: November 2013

Propolis possesses chemopreventive properties through direct anticancer and indirect immunomodulatory activities. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) plays a significant role in immunosurveillance and defense against cancer cells. TRAIL triggers apoptosis upon binding to TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5) death receptors expressed on cancer cell surface. The activation of TRAIL apoptotic signaling is considered an attractive option for cancer prevention. However, as more tumor cells are reported to be resistant to TRAIL-mediated death, it is important to develop new strategies to overcome this resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and proapoptotic mechanism of ethanolic extract of Polish propolis (EEP-P) against cancer cells. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in propolis extract were performed using HPLC-DAD and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS methods. TRAIL-resistant LNCaP prostate cancer cells were treated with EEP-P and TRAIL. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT and LDH assays. Apoptosis was detected using annexin V-FITC staining by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Death receptors expression was analyzed using flow cytometry. Pinobanksin, chrysin, methoxyflavanone,p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid were the main phenolics found in EEP-P. Propolis sensitized LNCaP cells through upregulation of TRAIL-R2. These results suggest that EEP-P supports TRAIL-mediated immunochemoprevention in prostate cancer cells.
Advances in Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy over Time
Authors: Jacobs Emma F. P. , Boris Ronald , Masterson Timothy A.
Published: November 2013

Since the introduction of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RALP), robotics has become increasingly more commonplace in the armamentarium of the urologic surgeon. Robotic utilization has exploded across surgical disciplines well beyond the fields of urology and prostate surgery. The literature detailing technical steps, comparison of large surgical series, and even robotically focused randomized control trials are available for review. RALP, the first robot-assisted surgical procedure to achieve widespread use, has recently become the primary approach for the surgical management of localized prostate cancer. As a result, surgeons are constantly trying to refine and improve upon current technical aspects of the operation. Recent areas of published modifications include bladder neck anastomosis and reconstruction, bladder drainage, nerve sparing approaches and techniques, and perioperative and postoperative management including penile rehabilitation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in perioperative management and surgical technique for RALP.
Is Occult Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding a Definite Indication for Capsule Endoscopy? A Retrospective Analysis of Diagnostic Yield in Patients with Occult versus Overt Bleeding
Authors: Watari Ikue , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji , Nakano Makoto , Aoyama Taiki , Yoshida Shigeto , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: November 2013

Background/Aim. Usefulness of capsule endoscopy (CE) for diagnosing small-bowel lesions in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) has been reported. Most reports have addressed the clinical features of overt OGIB, with few addressing occult OGIB. We aimed to clarify whether occult OGIB is a definite indication for CE.Methods. We retrospectively compared the cases of 102 patients with occult OGIB and 325 patients with overt OGIB, all having undergone CE. The diagnostic yield of CE and identification of various lesion types were determined in cases of occult OGIB versus overt OGIB.Results. There was no significant difference in diagnostic yield between occult and overt OGIB. The small-bowel lesions in cases of occult OGIB were diagnosed as ulcer/erosive lesions (n=18, 18%), vascular lesions (n=11, 11%), and tumors (n=4, 3%), and those in cases of overt OGIB were diagnosed as ulcer/erosive lesions (n=51, 16%), vascular lesions (n=31, 10%), and tumors (n=20, 6%).Conclusion. CE detection rates and CE identification of various small-bowel diseases do not differ between patients with occult versus overt OGIB. CE should be actively performed for patients with either occult or overt OGIB.
PIK3CA, BRAF, and PTEN Status and Benefit from Cetuximab in the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer—Results from NCIC CTG/AGITG CO.17
Authors: Karapetis Christos S. , Jonker Derek , Daneshmand Manijeh , Hanson Jennifer E. , O'Callaghan Christopher J. , Marginean Celia , Zalcberg John R. , Simes John , Moore Malcolm J. , Tebbutt Niall C. , Price Timothy J. , Shapiro Jeremy D. , Pavlakis Nick , Gibbs Peter , Van Hazel Guy A. , Lee Ursula , Haq Rashida , Virk Shakeel , Tu Dongsheng , Lorimer Ian A.J. ,   for the NCIC Clinical Trials Group and the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group
Published: November 2013

Purpose: Cetuximab improves survival in patients with K-ras wild-type advanced colorectal cancer. We examined the predictive and prognostic significance of additional biomarkers in this setting, in particular BRAF, PIK3CA, and PTEN.

Experimental Design: Available colorectal tumor samples were analyzed from the CO.17 study. BRAF mutations were identified in tumor-derived DNA by direct sequencing and PIK3CA mutations were identified using a high-resolution melting screen with confirmation by sequencing. PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays. For each biomarker, prognostic and predictive effects were examined using a Cox model with tests for treatment–biomarker interaction.

Results: A total of 572 patients with pretreated colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to receive cetuximab or best supportive care (BSC). Of 401 patients assessed for BRAF status, 13 (3.2%) had mutations. Of 407 patients assessed for PIK3CA status, 61 (15%) had mutations. Of 205 patients assessed for PTEN, 148 (72%) were negative for IHC expression. None of BRAF, PIK3CA, or PTEN was prognostic for overall or progression-free survival in the BSC arm. None was predictive of benefit from cetuximab, either in the whole study population or the K-ras wild-type subset. In the K-ras wild-type subgroup, the overall survival adjusted HR according to BRAF mutation status was 1.39 (interaction P = 0.69), PIK3CA mutation status HR = 0.79 (interaction P = 0.63), and PTEN expression HR = 0.75 (interaction P = 0.61).

Conclusions: In chemotherapy-refractory colorectal cancer, neither PIK3CA mutation status nor PTEN expression were prognostic, nor were they predictive of benefit from cetuximab. Evaluation of predictive significance of BRAF mutations requires a larger sample size. Clin Cancer Res; 20(3); 744–53. ©2013 AACR.