bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidencia de delirio y factores de riesgo con el uso de Sevofluorano en niños
Authors: Lizama Laura Carolina , Flores Sandra Eunice
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El delirio es una complicación angustiante del uso del Sevoflurano en anestesia general. Este estudio determinó la incidencia del delirio y los factores de riesgo en pacientes en el Hospital Herrera Llerandi. Métodos. Este fue un estudio transversal y observacional que incluyó pacientes pediátricos con edades entre 1 y 12 años, que recibieron anestesia general con Sevoflurano para procedimientos electivos y de urgencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 159 niños, con una incidencia de 31 (18%) casos de delirio. No existe dependencia entre la edad y género de los niños y su nivel de agitación según la escala postoperatoria. Discusión: Los niños más jóvenes que tienen ansiedad moderada-severa en el período preoperatorio poseen un riesgo mayor de desarrollar delirio pos anestesia general con Sevoflurano.
Prevalencia de Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada según el Trimestre de Embarazo
Authors: Cheang Geraldine , Soldini Aldo , Montenegro Miguel
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El trastorno de ansiedad generalizado (TAG) es una entidad clínica caracterizada por preocupación excesiva y no controlada que puede causar discapacidad funcional, durante un período mínimo de 6 meses. La prevalencia global de TAG en las pacientes en estado de gestación es de 8.5% a 10.5%, la cual es mayor en comparación a la población general (reportada de 1.2% a 6.4%). Entre los factores de riesgo se incluyen: bajo nivel educacional y socioeconómico, pobreza, desintegración familiar, etc. Se ha reportado como complicaciones de TAG durante el embarazo: incremento de consumo de alcohol, riesgo de parto pre término, bajo peso al nacer, etc. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada según el trimestre de embarazo en mujeres gestantes de San Juan Sacatepéquez ya que no existen datos de dicha población. Metodología: Se empleó la escala GAD-7. Se escogió como población a pacientes que asistieron a la consulta externa del Centro de Salud Bárbara durante el mes de junio del 2018.  Resultados: La prevalencia de TAG hallada fue: 7.40% en el primer trimestre, 8.82% en el segundo trimestre y 7.31% en el tercer trimestre.
بناء وتقنين اختبار لقياس زمن الاستجابة الحركية بجهاز بمثير بصري على طلاب كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضية – جامعة بغداد
Authors: كاظم خلف محمد , غني ارحيم صقر
Published: February 2021

تضمن البحث خمسة مباحث اذ احتوى الباب الاول على مقدمة البحث واهميته والتي تلخصت بإدخال جهاز بمثير بصري تم تصميمه من قبل الباحث لغرض الاختبار والقياس لمتغير زمن الاستجابة الحركية ذلك بإعطاء الايعاز او الاشارة للقيام بالاختبار وباحتساب الوقت المستغرق للاختبار الكترونيا وبشكل دقيق وفعلي. هدفا البحث: 1. تصميم جهاز بمثير بصري يقيس زمن الاستجابة الحركية لطلاب كلية التربية البدنية لعلوم الرياضة- جامعة بغداد. 2. بناء وتقنين اختبار باستخدام جهاز بمثير بصري لقياس زمن الاستجابة الحركية لطلاب كلية التربية البدنية لعلوم الرياضة- جامعة بغداد. أما المبحث الثاني فتناول مجموعة من المحاور النظرية التي لها العلاقة مباشرة بالبحث ومتغيراته. و المبحث الثالث قام الباحث باختيار المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي لحل مشكلة البحث وتم اختيار مجتمع عينة البحث بالطريقة العمدية وتكون مجتمع الاصل والمتمثل بطلاب كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضية بجامعة بغداد والبالغ عددهم الكلي (701) للعام الدراسي (2014-2015) مقسمين الى اربعة مراحل اذ تم اختيار عينة مكونة من (50) طالباً من كل مرحلة اختيارا عشوائياً بطريقة القرعة اذ يصبح العدد الكلي (200) طالباً، وكانت نسبتهم تشكل (28.54%).أما الباب الرابع فتضمن عرض النتائج للاختبار المصمم من قبل الباحث، فضلاً عن استخراج مستويات معيارية للاختبار ونسب مئوية لكل مستوى على اداء افراد العينة، وفي ضوء ذلك فقد تم التوصل إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات وهي: 1. ان جهاز المثير البصري الذي تم تصميمه قد حقق الغرض الذي وضع من اجله وهو قياس زمن الاستجابة الحركية الكترونيا وبدقة عالية.
جلسـات خاصة ارشـادية وأثرها في تعديـل الاتجاه النفسي نحو درس التربية الرياضية
Authors: صلاح الدين مصطفى , مجيد رشيد عبد الرحمن
Published: February 2021

يعـد الأعداد النفسي للفرد من اهم متطلبات إنجاح العملية التربوية من جهة واعداد الفرد(طالب, رياضي) من جهة أخرى في رفع مستواه من اجل تحقيق التوافق النفسي والبدني والعقلي, وللاتجاه النفسي متطلب أساسي في تحــديد ميــول ورغبــات الطالــب نحــو درس التربية الرياضية وفـي اختيار نـوع الفعاليـة او النشــاط المرغــوب بــه مــن قبــل الطــالب, أذ يخدم اهداف وتوجهات الفرد او الجماعة من خلال سلوكهم، ونتيجة لذلك يمكن تحديد طبيعة الاتجاه النفسي الإيجابي نحو تلك الرياضة, ويمكن تقديم أنواع مختلفة من الجلسات الارشادية لمساعدة الطلاب في خفض مستوى الضغوط النفسية التي يتعرضون لها وتنمية اتجاهاتهم بالشكل الصحيح نحو درس التربية الرياضية، ولقد بين الباحث الى أهمية الارشاد النفسي والخدمات الارشادية التي يتم تقديمها للطلاب اذ انها تساهم في تنمية قيمهم واتجاهاتهم وذلك لأنها تعكس سلوكهم. وهنــا تكمــن أهميــة البحــث مــن خــلال تأثير جلسات ارشادية يتم استخدام فيه مجموعة من الفنيات التي من شأنها تعديل مستوى الاتجاه النفسي للطلاب, وتم استخدام المنهج التجريبي والوسائل الإحصائية المناسبة للبحث، ثم تم عرض النتائج ومناقشتها وتم إعطاء الباحث أهم الاستنتاجات والتوصيات التي تناسب هذا البحث.
أثر ألعاب الحركة المتنوعة، في تنمية مهارة المناولة، في كرة اليد، في العمر من (9 – 11) سنة
Authors: عبد الرضا محسن رقية
Published: February 2021

ألعاب الحركة من النشاطات الأكثر ممارسة من قبل اللاعبين، فمن خلالها تتاح الفرصة للاعبين لممارسة واجب الحركة الموكل إليهم، وتعدّ المهارات الأساس مثل العمود الفقري في لعبة كرة اليد, ويتحتم على لاعب كرة اليد، أن يمتلك القدرة وكفاية المهارة التي تؤهله مستقبلا، لأداء حركة مهارة جيدة لحل متطلبات اللعبة، وواجبات الخطط في الدفاع والهجوم، ومن هنا جاءت أهمية البحث، عن طريق إعداد مجموعة متنوعة من ألعاب الحركة المناسبة للاعبين في عمر من(9- 11سنة)، لنستطيع عن طريقها الارتقاء بمستوى المهارة، وتم تحديد مشكلة البحث من خلال التساؤل الاتي: هل أن احتواء المناهج التعليمية والتدريبية على ألعاب الحركة، يمكن أن ينمي مهارة المناولة في لعبة كرة اليد، في عمر من (9-11)؟ هدفت الدراسة إلى: إعداد مجموعة من ألعاب الحركة المتنوعة، وتعرّف أثر ألعاب الحركة المتنوعة في تنمية مهارة المناولة، في كرة اليد في عمر من (9 – 11) سنة، فروض البحث: توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الاختبار(ما قبل وما بعد)، ولصالح الاختبار (ما بعد) لدى أفراد عينة البحث في تنمية مهارة المناولة، في كرة اليد، توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في الاختبار(ما بعد) بين المجموعتين في تنمية مهارة المناولة، في كرة اليد، وفي المبحث الثاني: تم كتابة بعض الموضوعات المتعلقة بالبحث للمرحلة العمرية من 9-11سنة، وفي المبحث الثالث الذي تضمن منهج البحث وإجراءاته الميدانية، إذ استخدمت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي، وتضمن الباب الثالث: وصفاً لمجتمع البحث وعينته، وآلية تطبيق المنهج المعد من قبل الباحثة، كما قامت الباحثة باستخدام الحقيبة الإحصائية (SPSS)، لغرض معالجة البيانات
Investigation on Power, Delay and Area optimization of XOR Gate
Authors: V Thamizharasan. , M Ramya.
Published: February 2021

Nowadays a mobile computing and multimedia applications are need for high-performance reduced size and low-power devices. The multiplication is major operation in any signal processing applications. In any multiplier architecture, adder is one of the major processing elements. In which XOR is the basic block of an adder and multiplier. In this paper, a various design styles of XOR Gate have been surveyed and simulated using Microwind tool. In that XOR gate was analyzed the power using the different styles. They are conventional XOR gate, Pass transistor logic based EX-OR gate, Static inverter based EX-OR gate, Transmission Gate based EX-OR Gate, EX-OR Gate based on 8 & 6 Transistor & and Modified version of EX-OR Gate The CMOS circuit layout was created and simulated in Microwind software. In that the proposed XOR-based circuit has 40.17% of power consumption has improved &14.28 % of area in-terms of number of transistor improved as compare to modified version of EX-OR Gate design.
Structure for Synonymous Flow Label (SFL)
Authors: Kushwaha Sumit
Published: February 2021

Because of the very high loss rate in general activity, enhancements in connection and transmission innovations have made it more difficult to evaluate packet loss utilizing dynamic execution estimation techniques with plotted traffic. That, along with seriously requesting administration level necessities, implies that network administrators currently should have the option to quantify the loss of the actual user data traffic utilizing inactive execution estimation strategies. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) strategy portrays the prerequisite for presenting stream characters inside the MPLS architecture. This paper depicts a strategy for achieving this by utilizing a method called Synonymous Flow Label (SFL) in which names that imitate the conduct of different labels give the recognizable proof assistance. These identifiers can be utilized to trigger per stream procedure on the packet at the receiving label switching router.
On Five-Diagonal Splitting for Cubic Spline Wavelets with Six Vanishing Moments on a Segment
Authors: Shumilov Boris
Published: February 2021

In this study, we use the vanishing property of the first six moments for constructing a splitting algorithm for cubic spline wavelets. First, we construct the corresponding wavelet space that satisfies the orthogonality conditions for all fifth-degree polynomials. Then, using the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, we adapt spaces to the closed interval. The originality of the study consists in obtaining implicit relations connecting the coefficients of the spline decomposition at the initial scale with the spline coefficients and wavelet coefficients at the nested scale by a tape system of linear algebraic equations with a non-degenerate matrix. After excluding the even rows of the system, in contrast to the case with two zero moments, the resulting transformation matrix has five (instead of three) diagonals. The results of numerical experiments on calculating the derivatives of a discrete function are presented.
As ações das instituições religiosas dentro do sistema prisional das regiões Sul/Sudeste do brasileiro nos últimos dois anos na perspectiva de ressocialização: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Pereira Ediene Valéria Dourado Guimarães , Silva Sandra Célia Coelho Gomes da
Published: February 2021

No contexto atual, percebe-se que diferentes instituições começaram a discutir melhorias no sistema prisional brasileiro. As problemáticas que afligem estes espaços deixaram de ser debatidas somente por estudiosos da área jurídica, adentrando a outras áreas do conhecimento, a exemplo das ciências humanas e das religiões. Desta forma, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar/pontuar quais as propostas de ressocialização que as instituições religiosas do Sul/Sudeste fazem dentro do sistema prisional brasileiro nos últimos dois anos. Com a seguinte questão norteadora: Quais as ações das instituições religiosas dentro do sistema prisional do Sul/Sudeste brasileiro na perspectiva de ressocialização nos últimos dois anos? Tendo como abordagem metodológica uma revisão bibliográfica/descritiva de literatura no banco de teses e dissertações da CAPES, fazendo um mapeamento das regiões sul/sudeste e dos trabalhos que correspondem à temática com descritores religião, sistema prisional e ressocialização das Instituições de Ensino Superior (públicas e privadas). Diante das análises, foram registrados momentos de cerimônias religiosas e espaços confessionais, uma disputa de poder entre as igrejas e conversões de almas. Práticas que ferem a lei de liberdade religiosa. Assim, em apenas um trabalho identificou-se uma Capela Ecumênica, apresentada como um espaço de oportunidades das diversas religiões.
Medicalização da sociedade e suas relações com a indústria cultural
Authors: Ribeiro Lima Rosely
Published: February 2021

Estudos sobre o uso da medicalização vêm se destacando nos debates sobre saúde e educação nas últimas décadas, e pesquisas sobre o assunto ainda se fazem recentes e necessárias. O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental que objetivou refletir sobre as relações existentes entre o fenômeno da medicalização na sociedade e o conceito de Indústria Cultural, por meio da análise de artigos, livros, documentos, filmes/documentários e música. Inicialmente foi apresentado o significado do processo de medicalização, de forma a evidenciar como este fenômeno se instala na sociedade brasileira; posteriormente, foi exposto o conceito de Indústria Cultural, resgatando a teoria proposta por Adorno e Horkheimer; e por fim, foram construídas as possíveis relações entre medicalização e Indústria Cultural. Neste estudo, a medicalização é vista como um dos produtos trabalhados pela Indústria Cultural, por meio da mídia e dos esforços perpetrados pela indústria farmacêutica, o medicamento é divulgado e vendido enquanto alternativa para a redução do sofrimento psíquico e físico; contexto que precisa ser combatido para uma melhor problematização dos mecanismos de controle social para continuar na construção de uma conscientização sobre os problemas individuais e sociais, que precisam ser entendidos perante aos interesses econômicos de específicos grupos sociais.
Mastectomia e seus impactos na sexualidade feminina
Authors: Marinho Vinicius Lopes , Siel Vilander Viana , Amaral Leila Rute Oliveira Gurgel do
Published: February 2021

O câncer de mama é o segundo tipo de câncer mais frequente no mundo e o mais comum entre as mulheres. A cirurgia de mastectomia é o mais invasivo dos tratamentos cirúrgicos para esta patologia, e traz sérias implicações para a paciente. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa com o propósito de investigar o impacto da mastectomia na imagem corporal e sexualidade de mulheres com câncer de mama. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que mudanças relacionadas à imagem corporal das mulheres, estavam associadas ao significado atribuídos à mama, tais como de feminilidade, sensualidade, maternidade, impactando a vida das mulheres em todos os aspectos: físicos, social, emocional e afetivo-sexual.
Влияние полиморфизмов гена CYP2C9 на гипотензивный и гипоурикемический эффекты лозартана
Authors: Темирбулатов И. И. , Боярко А. В. , Синицина И. И. , Сычёв Д. А.
Published: February 2021

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Клинический случай персонализации терапии варфарином: фармакогенетическое тестирование и межлекарственное взаимодействие
Authors: Георгиева К. С. , Павлова С. И. , Богданова С. М. , Бурашникова И. С. , Максимов М. Л.
Published: February 2021

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Фармакогенетический подход в осуществлении выбора нестероидного противовоспалительного препарата у пациентки с синдромом хронической тазовой боли
Authors: Мамина Р. М.
Published: February 2021

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Фармакогенетическое тестирование пациента для подбора терапии НПВП
Authors: Пономарева Н. Ю. , Митьковский С. В. , Митьковский В. Г. , Ямпольская Е. Н. , Лазарев В. В. , Кадникова Н. Г. , Кочетков А. В.
Published: February 2021

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Подходы к персонализации фармакотерапии антиагрегантной терапии на основе фармакогенетического тестирования у пациентов казахской национальности
Authors: Ералиева Б. А. , Жайпанов М. Т. , Накипбекова К. Н. , Туймебай А. С. , Косуакова Б.
Published: February 2021

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Conducting Case Study Research:
A Concise Practical Guidance for Management Students
Authors: Saliya C. A.
Published: February 2021

This article demonstrates, with real world examples, the holistic
approach to case study research as a concise practical guide for
management research students. It attempts to encapsulate the
basic components of qualitative case study research in
management studies, with special emphasis on how to set a
philosophical framework, articulate research problems and
theorise research results. These components of research are
identified, classified, and arranged into seven pillars (7Ps)
namely; Paradigm, Perspective, Purpose, Plot, Practice,
Procedures, and Persuasion. Instead of following the typical
sequential execution of a chain of tasks, it is continuously
intermingled amongst processes by revising/redoing them to
ensure more credible results and produce cogent arguments. This
paper shows how to align the research context with philosophical
issues (ontological and epistemological paradigm); articulate
research problems and choose a methodology; theorise research
findings using classical reasoning methods of abduction,
deduction, and induction and; expand the theorisation beyond the
original research problem. This framework would be useful to
research students to place themselves in appropriate ontological
and epistemological stances, eliminate doubts, enhance clarity
and sharpen the focus towards plausible conclusions.
Antarktika: Yaşam Bilimleri ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmalarının Gözden Geçirilmesi
Authors: KIRKINCI Suleyman Faruk , MARAKLI Sevgi , AKSOY Hasan Murat , ÖZÇİMEN Didem , KAYA Yilmaz
Published: February 2021

Yeryüzünde insanlar tarafından en son keşfedilen, en yüksek, en soğuk, en kurak ve nufüs yoğunluğu en az olan kıta Antarktika’dır. Aynı zamanda yeryüzünün kullanılabilen tatlı su kaynaklarının yaklaşık % 70’i buz halinde bu kıtada bulunmaktadır. Bu özellikleriyle geçmişten günümüze insan eli değmeden, insan yaşamı olmadığı halde canlı yaşama doğal seleksiyon ile devam etmiştir. Antarktika, üzerinde barındırdığı doğal yaşam habitatlarıyla, bilim insanları için sınırları tüm kıta olan eşsiz bir laboratuvar gibidir. Antarktika’da az sayıda olmakla birlikte kıtaya özgü olan hayvan ve bitki türleri ile çeşitli alg, liken ve mikroorganizma türleri bulunmaktadır. Günümüz bilim insanları bu canlı formları üzerinde araştırmalar yaparak, küresel ısınma ve çevre problemleri gibi güncel sorunlara bir çözüm aramaktadırlar. Kıtadan izole edilen bazı türler, enzimler ve genlerle başta biyolojik kontrol olmak üzere biyoteknoloji ve birbirinden farklı alanlarda çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Antarktika’da yaşam bilimleri ve biyoteknoloji araştırmaları gözden geçirilmiştir.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ ПРОТИВ ЛИЧНОСТИ
Authors: Motin A. V.
Published: February 2021

Монография посвящена актуальным проблемам теории и практики дифференциации ответственности за посягательства на личность. Раскрываются вопросы разграничения оснований и видов ответственности за причинение вреда интересам личности, исследуется связь процессов криминализации и дифференциации уголовной ответственности, анализируется состояние и перспективы развития системы квалифицирующих признаков составов преступлений против личности. Адресуется специалистам в области уголовного права. (Справочно: законодательство приводится по состоянию на 01 февраля 2021 года).
Thermal and Turbulent Properties of the Warm Neutral Medium in the Solar Neighborhood
Authors: Marchal Antoine , Miville-Deschênes Marc-Antoine
Published: February 2021

The transition from the diffuse warm neutral medium (WNM) to the dense cold neutral medium (CNM) is what set the initial conditions to the formation of molecular clouds. The properties of the turbulent cascade in the WNM, essential to describe this radiative condensation process, have remained elusive in part due to the difficulty in mapping out the structure and kinematics of each H i thermal phase. Here we present an analysis of a 21 cm hyper-spectral data cube from the GHIGLS H i survey where the contribution of the WNM is extracted using ROHSA, a Gaussian decomposition tool that includes spatial regularization. The distance and volume of the WNM emission is estimated using 3D dust extinction map information. The thermal and turbulent contributions to the Doppler line width of the WNM were disentangled using two techniques, one based on the statistical properties of the column density and centroid velocity fields, and the other on the relative motions of CNM structures as a probe of turbulent motions. We found that the volume of WNM sampled here (5.2 × 105 pc3), located at the outer edge of the Local Bubble, shows thermal properties in accordance with expected values for heating and cooling processes typical of the solar neighborhood: P
th/k
B = (4.4 ± 2.6) × 103 K cm−3, n = 0.74 ± 0.41 cm−3, and T

k
= (6.0 ± 1.3) × 103 K. The WNM has the properties of sub/trans-sonic turbulence, with a turbulent Mach number at the largest scale probed here (l = 130 pc) of

, a density contrast of

, and velocity and density power spectra compatible with k
−11/3. The low Mach number of the WNM provides dynamical conditions that allow the condensation mode of thermal instability to grow freely and form CNM structures, as predicted by theory.
Evidence for the Accretion of Gas in Star-forming Galaxies: High N/O Abundances in Regions of Anomalously Low Metallicity
Authors: Luo Yuanze , Heckman Timothy , Hwang Hsiang-Chih , Rowlands Kate , Sánchez-Menguiano Laura , Riffel Rogério , Bizyaev Dmitry , Andrews Brett H. , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Drory Niv , Almeida Jorge Sánchez , Maiolino Roberto , Lane Richard R. , Argudo-Fernández Maria
Published: February 2021

While all models for the evolution of galaxies require the accretion of gas to sustain their growth via on-going star formation, it has proven difficult to directly detect this inflowing material. In this paper we use data of nearby star-forming galaxies in the SDSS IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey to search for evidence of accretion imprinted in the chemical composition of the interstellar medium. We measure both the O/H and N/O abundance ratios in regions previously identified as having anomalously low values of O/H. We show that the unusual locations of these regions in the N/O versus O/H plane indicate that they have been created through the mixing of disk gas having higher metallicity with accreted gas having lower metallicity. Taken together with previous analysis on these anomalously low-metallicity regions, these results imply that accretion of metal-poor gas can probably sustain star formation in present-day late-type galaxies.
Acceleration of Ring Current Protons Driven by Magnetosonic Waves: Comparisons of Test Particle Simulations with Quasilinear Calculations
Authors: Fu Song , Ge Yasong
Published: February 2021

Wave–particle interactions play important roles in local acceleration and pitch angle scattering loss of charged particle dynamics in astrophysics and space physics, and energy transfer between plasma waves and particles is a key problem in plasma physics. Using full relativistic test particle simulations, we quantitatively evaluate the magnetosonic wave-driven acceleration of Earth's ring current protons both inside and outside the plasmapause at L = 4.5. Analysis of resonance conditions indicates that the broadband magnetosonic waves can affect protons by multiple harmonic cyclotron resonances. With a representative amplitude ∼200 pT, magnetosonic waves can produce energy diffusion coefficients, obtained from test particle simulations, at rates of ∼10−4 s−1 for protons ∼1–3 keV inside the plasmapause and ∼3–30 keV outside the plasmapause, both at equatorial pitch angles ∼75°–90°. Compared with the quasilinear theory calculations, the test particle diffusion coefficients exhibit a difference due to the nonresonant transit time effect outside the plasmapause. Subsequent 2D Fokker–Planck simulations indicate that on a timescale of ∼2 days, magnetosonic waves can effectively enhance the phase space density of the ring current protons ∼10 keV inside the plasmapause and ∼100 keV outside the plasmapause at equatorial pitch angles ∼60°–90°, thereby leading to the evolvement of the ring current proton distribution from a Kappa-type to a 90°-peaked profile. Our results demonstrate that the local acceleration of the ring current protons by magnetosonic waves is an important process of energy transfer between different populations of magnetospheric protons and hence contributes to the dynamic evolution of Earth's ring current.
Multimessenger Parameter Estimation of GW170817: From Jet Structure to the Hubble Constant
Authors: Wang Hao , Giannios Dimitrios
Published: February 2021

The electromagnetic radiation that followed the neutron star merger event GW170817 revealed that gamma-ray burst afterglows from jets misaligned with our line of sight exhibit a light curve with slowly rising flux. The slope of the rising light curve depends sensitively on the angle of the observer with respect to the jet axis, which is likely to be perpendicular to the merger plane of the neutron star binary. Therefore, the afterglow emission can be used to constrain the inclination of the merging system. Here, we calculate the gamma-ray burst afterglow emission based on the realistic jet structure derived from general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations of a black hole torus system for the central engine of the gamma-ray burst. Combined with gravitational wave parameter estimation, we fit the multi-epoch afterglow emission of GW170817. We show that with such a jet model, the observing angle can be tightly constrained by multimessenger observations. The best fit observing angle of GW170817 is θ
v = 0.38 ± 0.02 rad. With such a constraint, we can break the degeneracy between inclination angle and luminosity distance in gravitational wave parameter estimation, and substantially increase the precision with which the Hubble constant is constrained by the standard siren method. Our estimation of the distance is D
L = 43.4 ± 1 Mpc and the Hubble constant constraint is 69.5 ± 4 km s−1 Mpc−1. As a result, multimessenger observations of short-duration gamma-ray bursts, combined with a good theoretical understanding of the jet structure, can be powerful probes of cosmological parameters.
The Extraordinary Outburst in the Massive Protostellar System NGC 6334 I-MM1: Spatiokinematics of Water Masers during a Contemporaneous Flare Event
Authors: Chibueze James O. , MacLeod Gordon C. , Vorster Jakobus M. , Hirota Tomoya , Brogan Crystal L. , Hunter Todd R. , van Rooyen Ruby
Published: February 2021

Following an eruptive accretion event in NGC 6334I-MM1, flares in the various maser species, including water masers, were triggered. We report the observed relative proper motion of the highly variable water masers associated with the massive star-forming region, NGC 6334I. High velocity H2O maser proper motions were detected in five maser clusters, CM2-W2 (bow-shock structure), MM1-W1, MM1-W3, UCHII-W1, and UCHII-W3. The overall average of the derived relative proper motion is 85 km s−1. This mean proper motion is in agreement with the previous results from VLA multiepoch observations. Our position as well as the velocity variance and covariance matrix analyses of the maser proper motions show its major axis to have a position angle of −79.°4, cutting through the dust cavity around MM1B and being aligned in the northwest–southeast direction. We interpret this as the axis of the jet driving the CM2 shock and the maser motion. The complicated proper motions in MM1-W1 can be explained by the combined influence of the MM1 northeast–southwest bipolar outflow, the CS(6−5) north–south collimated bipolar outflow, and the radio jet. The relative proper motions of the H2O masers in UCHII-W1 are likely not driven by the jets of the MM1B protostar but by MM3-UCHII. Overall, the post-accretion burst relative proper motions of the H2O masers trace shocks of jet motion.
ALMA 1.3 mm Survey of Lensed Submillimeter Galaxies Selected by Herschel: Discovery of Spatially Extended SMGs and Implications
Authors: Sun Fengwu , Egami Eiichi , Rawle Timothy D. , Walth Gregory L. , Smail Ian , Dessauges-Zavadsky Miroslava , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Richard Johan , Combes Francoise , Ebeling Harald , Pelló Roser , Van der Werf Paul , Altieri Bruno , Boone Frédéric , Cava Antonio , Chapman Scott C. , Clément Benjamin , Finoguenov Alexis , Nakajima Kimihiko , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Schaerer Daniel , Valtchanov Ivan
Published: February 2021

We present an ALMA 1.3 mm (Band 6) continuum survey of lensed submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z = 1.0 to ∼3.2 with an angular resolution of ∼0.″2. These galaxies were uncovered by the Herschel Lensing Survey and feature exceptionally bright far-infrared continuum emission (S
peak ≳ 90 mJy) owing to their lensing magnification. We detect 29 sources in 20 fields of massive galaxy clusters with ALMA. Using both the Spitzer/IRAC (3.6/4.5 μm) and ALMA data, we have successfully modeled the surface brightness profiles of 26 sources in the rest-frame near- and far-infrared. Similar to previous studies, we find the median dust-to-stellar continuum size ratio to be small (R
e,dust/R
e,star = 0.38 ± 0.14) for the observed SMGs, indicating that star formation is centrally concentrated. This is, however, not the case for two spatially extended main-sequence SMGs with a low surface brightness at 1.3 mm (≲0.1 mJy arcsec−2), in which the star formation is distributed over the entire galaxy (R
e,dust/R
e,star > 1). As a whole, our SMG sample shows a tight anticorrelation between (R
e,dust/R
e,star) and far-infrared surface brightness (ΣIR) over a factor of ≃1000 in ΣIR. This indicates that SMGs with less vigorous star formation (i.e., lower ΣIR) lack central starburst and are likely to retain a broader spatial distribution of star formation over the whole galaxies (i.e., larger R
e,dust/R
e,star). The same trend can be reproduced with cosmological simulations as a result of central starburst and potentially subsequent “inside-out” quenching, which likely accounts for the emergence of compact quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 2.
Random Walk and Trapping of Interplanetary Magnetic Field Lines: Global Simulation, Magnetic Connectivity, and Implications for Solar Energetic Particles
Authors: Chhiber Rohit , Ruffolo David , Matthaeus William H. , Usmanov Arcadi V. , Tooprakai Paisan , Chuychai Piyanate , Goldstein Melvyn L.
Published: February 2021

The random walk of magnetic field lines is an important ingredient in understanding how the connectivity of the magnetic field affects the spatial transport and diffusion of charged particles. As solar energetic particles propagate away from near-solar sources, they interact with the fluctuating magnetic field, which modifies their distributions. We develop a formalism in which the differential equation describing the field line random walk contains both effects due to localized magnetic displacements and a non-stochastic contribution from the large-scale expansion. We use this formalism together with a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the inner-heliospheric solar wind, which includes a turbulence transport model, to estimate the diffusive spreading of magnetic field lines that originate in different regions of the solar atmosphere. We first use this model to quantify field line spreading at 1 au, starting from a localized solar source region, and find rms angular spreads of about 20°–60°. In the second instance, we use the model to estimate the size of the source regions from which field lines observed at 1 au may have originated, thus quantifying the uncertainty in calculations of magnetic connectivity; the angular uncertainty is estimated to be about 20°. Finally, we estimate the filamentation distance, i.e., the heliocentric distance up to which field lines originating in magnetic islands can remain strongly trapped in filamentary structures. We emphasize the key role of slab-like fluctuations in the transition from filamentary to more diffusive transport at greater heliocentric distances.
The Large Far-ultraviolet Flux Deficiency of α Doradus (B8 IIIp Si)
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: February 2021

The far-UV spectral energy distribution of α Dor recorded by IUE is compared to that of the constant and normal star ζ Dra, which has similar fundamental parameters. α Dor has much less flux than ζ Dra shortwards of 1800 Å, due to the accumulation of very strong absorption lines of Si ii, in particular autoionization lines around 1400 Å. Two spectra of α Dor separated by 9 hr (i.e., much less than the rotational period) show evidence of modest variability shortwards of 1800 Å.
Licenciatura em ciências biológicas e formação de professores para o ensino de física no ensino fundamental
Authors: Silva Alexandre , Lopes Suzana
Published: February 2021

A maioria dos professores de Ciências no Brasil são graduados em Ciências Biológicas e a literatura científica nacional aponta que para estes é um desafio ensinar conteúdos de Física no Ensino Fundamental. O desafio aumenta com a prescrição pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular do conteúdo de Física distribuído ao longo de todos os anos do Ensino Fundamental. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e problematizar os resultados de uma investigação sobre a formação docente para o ensino de Física no Ensino Fundamental em Cursos de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas. Para isso, foi feito o levantamento e a análise da carga horária e do conteúdo curricular de Física, através de arquivos on-line dos cursos de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas de doze universidades do estado de Minas Gerais. Constatou-se que tais cursos de formação inicial apresentam uma carga horária exígua para o componente curricular de Física, o qual tem abrangência limitada dos conteúdos específicos e é desenvolvido sem vinculação com a prática de ensino para o nível fundamental.
A abordagem CTS e a teoria crítica de Henry Giroux: caminhos para uma educação em ciências crítico-transformadora
Authors: Freitas Wélica , Queirós Wellington
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo apresenta um ensaio teórico, que abrange a perspectiva CTS e a teoria crítica de Henry Giroux, cujo objetivo central é realizar uma articulação entre tais pressupostos, a partir de quatro eixos: I) a escola; II) a crítica aos currículos; III) a concepção de professor e IV) crítica às teorias tradicional e de reprodução. O fator preponderante para a construção de novos elementos teóricos e estratégias didáticas, no diálogo apresentado, é levar em consideração a práxis social com ações individuais e coletivas de cunho político, com a finalidade de se buscar a transformação das relações de opressão em justiça e igualdade social. Do ponto de vista prático, esta articulação pode ser feita pelas metodologias de ensino progressistas, conhecidas da literatura: os três momentos pedagógicos, os cinco momentos da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica etc. Assim, a articulação apresentada, no presente estudo, contribui do ponto de vista teórico e pode subsidiar ações para a inserção da perspectiva crítico-transformadora na educação em ciências.
Jogos digitais e aprendizagem: um estudo pela perspectiva da teoria histórico-cultural
Authors: Oliveira Aletheia
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação de alguns conceitos-chaves da teoria histórico-cultural com a aprendizagem baseada em jogos digitais. Caracteriza-se como um estudo teórico, elaborado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica acerca do entendimento do jogo enquanto dimensão lúdica na cultura e na sociedade e da aprendizagem baseada em jogos digitais à luz da perspectiva epistemológica citada anteriormente. Fundamenta-se sua análise nos estudos de Vigotski, Leontiev, Luria, Elkonin. Considera-se os jogos digitais como sendo uma atividade humana, elemento constituinte da cultura, com um sistema de regras explícitas e implícitas, que preenche necessidades, possibilita que as relações sociais sejam construídas e reconstruídas, propicia interação, estimula a descoberta, o interesse, a reflexão, viabiliza a aprendizagem de conceitos científicos e atua nas atividades psíquicas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem a intenção de contribuir para as discussões que envolvem jogos digitais e aprendizagem, compreendendo que as principais ideais fundadas e desenvolvidas por essa teoria podem estar interligadas para uma era digital.
Necessidades formativas de professores de matemática para o uso de tecnologias digitais: uma análise curricular segundo princípios habermasianos
Authors: Guimarães Eduardo , Postingue Thais , Peralta Deise
Published: February 2021

Esta pesquisa identifica, em Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos de curso de licenciatura em matemática, de universidades públicas do estado de São Paulo (UNESP, UNICAMP, USP), características da formação de futuros professores para o uso de tecnologias digitais no ensino de conteúdos curriculares. Guiando‐se pela análise documental qualitativa, constitui-se informações acerca da organização curricular dos cursos de licenciatura em matemática, das características dos currículos destes cursos em relação a formação para o uso de tecnologias digitais em sala de aula, da predominância da carga horária das disciplinas relacionadas aos conhecimentos específicos em matemática em detrimento aos conhecimentos relativos aos fundamentos da educação, da formação para docência e de tecnologias digitais como recurso à prática pedagógica.
A importância do emprego de um jogo de cartas para a revisão da nomenclatura de ácidos e bases
Authors: Benedetti Filho Edemar , Cavagis Alexandre , Cesar Rebeca , Benedetti Luzia
Published: February 2021

As atividades lúdicas têm sido objeto de estudo em diversos artigos na literatura relacionada ao Ensino de Química. O presente trabalho está inserido nesse contexto, com a elaboração e aplicação de um material pedagógico lúdico, visando a rever conceitos de Química Inorgânica, mais precisamente envolvendo aplicações, nomenclatura e conceitos referentes a ácidos e bases de Arrhenius. Para isso, foi criado um jogo de cartas, denominado “trinca química”, formado por um conjunto de 52 cartas, para ser aplicado em sala de aula, em uma atividade lúdica para alunos do Ensino Médio de uma escola Estadual. A aceitação dessa metodologia alternativa pelos alunos foi bastante significativa, tendo sido constatada a importância e contribuição do jogo para o estímulo à aprendizagem, bem como para revisão e consolidação de conceitos abordados em sala de aula. O jogo também permitiu identificar possíveis problemas na aprendizagem dos alunos e indicar alternativas para superá-los. Além disso, a proposta foi bem aceita pela professora de Química, que relatou ter havido uma melhora significativa na relação com os alunos após a aplicação da atividade lúdica em sala de aula.
Desafios e perspectivas para o Ensino: entrevista com o coordenador da Área de Ensino da CAPES, Prof. Dr. Marcelo de Carvalho Borba
Authors: Silva Sani , Souza Graziela
Published: February 2021

Em entrevista concedida às editoras da RBECT, o Prof. Dr. Marcelo de Carvalho Borba apresenta os desafios e perspectivas para a Área de Ensino a partir de sua experiência à frente da coordenação desta área, junto à CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, agência brasileira de financiamento da pós-graduação e formação de recursos humanos. Diante das reestruturações da pós-graduação brasileira, destaca a nova perspectiva que vem sendo construída ao se considerarem os processos de avaliação e qualificação dos programas de formação. Ainda ao longo desta entrevista, o Prof. Marcelo revela os enfrentamentos vivenciados pela pós-graduação brasileira diante das atuais políticas de cortes de recursos e congelamento dos investimentos em pesquisa e formação neste nível de educação, avaliando também o cenário de pandemia e as possibilidades educativas para o ensino remoto que emergem desse contexto.
Procedimento didático para a modelagem computacional da amêndoa do cupuaçu em coordenadas cartesianas
Authors: Sales Jorge , Lima Geovana
Published: February 2021

Este artigo propõe um exemplo de didático voltado para o público da graduação e pós-graduação para a modelagem de materiais utilizando um sistema de coordenadas cartesianas. O material investigado foi a amêndoa do cupuaçu, com objetivo de descrever a curva de resfriamento da amêndoa. Para isso, a metodologia empregada consistiu na resolução analítica da equação de Fourier em coordenadas cartesianas e simulação computacional do modelo. A simulação avaliou a dissipação de calor da amêndoa, que apresentava temperatura inicial de 70°C, e foi submetida à temperatura ambiente de 25°C. A curva de resfriamento da amêndoa do cupuaçu revela que uma rápida redução na temperatura nos primeiros minutos de simulação, assumindo um comportamento mais lento a partir dos 30 minutos.
Jogos digitais ou desplugados: brincadeira ou coisa séria?
Authors: Simon Vanessa , Simon Alexandre , Possamai Janaína
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo apresentam-se algumas narrativas acerca da infância e o lúdico, a partir da ótica histórica, possibilitando uma breve análise da utilização dos jogos como ferramenta no ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática. Sob esta perspectiva, este trabalho tem como intuito avaliar quais as implicações e qual a preferência das crianças quando utilizado o jogo como ferramenta de ensino, tanto no formato digital, utilizando a plataforma Kahoot!, como na versão do mesmo sob forma desplugada (manual). Para tanto, foi aplicado um jogo, com o intuito de promover o desenvolvimento do cálculo mental referente as quatro operações fundamentais, em uma turma do segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os resultados indicam que, independente da forma do jogo, os interesses estão relacionados à particularidade da situação e não ao formato de apresentação. Em relação à aprendizagem, o desenvolvimento do cálculo mental foi estimulado igualmente nas duas versões do jogo, favorecendo o trabalho em grupo, o desenvolvimento das habilidades de resolução de problemas e de tomada de decisão.
La télépsychologie. Opportunité et continuité des soins ?
Authors: Lambrette Grégory
Published: February 2021

L’émergence des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication a favorisé le développement d’une offre de service dans le champ de la santé physique. Plus réticent, dans un premier temps du moins, à ce type de pratique, le monde de la relation s’est progressivement ouvert à un certain nombre d’outils appartenant à ces nouvelles technologies et favorisant le rapprochement entre les services psychologiques d’aide et le patient. La pandémie liée au Covid-19 a accéléré ce processus d’implémentation afin de garantir la pérennité de l’offre et la continuité des soins.
Torpedo Maculopathy: A Systematic Review of Case Reports
Authors: Menezes Kimberly , Mancera Norberto , Patel Hershel , Kattih Zein , Mhaskar Rahul
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Torpedo maculopathy (TM) is a rare macular lesion involving the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This paper describes a retrospective case report of TM. In addition, the authors present a comprehensive systematic review of 110 cases found in the literature.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A search for the term “torpedo maculopathy” was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases and yielded 62 relevant studies.

RESULTS:

The majority of cases in the literature, including this case, reported an asymptomatic hypopigmented temporal lesion with occasional satellite lesions. Fluorescein angiography generally revealed hypofluorescence, whereas optical coherence tomography demonstrated RPE thinning as well as choroid hyperreflectivity.

CONCLUSIONS:

This is the largest systematic review of torpedo maculopathy to date. The authors' findings confirm that it is a benign, nonprogressive, predominantly unilateral temporal lesion thought to arise during macular development.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:78–83.]
Local well-posedness of perturbed Navier-Stokes system around Landau solutions
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Ting
Published: February 2021

For the incompressible Navier-Stokes system, when initial data are uniformly locally square integral, the local existence of solutions has been obtained. In this paper, we consider perturbed system and show that perturbed solutions of Landau solutions to the Navier-Stokes system exist locally under $ L^q_{\text{uloc}} $-perturbations, $ q\geq 2 $. Furthermore, when $ q\geq 3, $ the solution is well-posed. Precisely, we give the explicit formula of the pressure term.
Additive Manufacturing: Post Processing Methods and Challenges
Authors: Mishra Prithu , Sood Shruti , Pandit Mayank , Khanna Pradeep
Published: February 2021

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has shown great potential for efficient realization of complicated microdevices fabricated with higher freedom of design and made from a wide variety of materials suiting to their specific target functionalities. Capability of generation of components with reduced weights, higher part consolidation, greater customization offered along with minimal waste generation are its advantages over conventional manufacturing processes. The AM built parts, however, need to undergo relevant post processing techniques to render them fit for their end product application. The paper attempts to classify the post processing techniques and emphasize their applicability to specific AM methods, generalized procedure as well as the recent improvements undergone. The post processing techniques have been categorised as methods for support material removal, surface texture improvements, thermal and non-thermal post processing and aesthetic improvements. The main challenges to the expansion of additive manufacturing have been discussed which highlight the future, scope of improvement and research required in the area of appropriate tool path development and product quality with regards to surface roughness, resolution and porosity levels in the built part.
Vulnerability and Reliability Analysis of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings: Case Study
Authors: Kernou Nassim , Lyacine Bennacer , Abdelrahmane Benyamina
Published: February 2021

The current study presents vulnerability and a reliability-mechanical approach which focuses on evaluating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete structures to determine the probability of failure. In this case, the performance function reflecting the non-linear behavior of the structure is modeled by a response surface to establish an analytical relationship between the random variables (strength of concrete and yield strength of steel) and mechanical responses of the structure (inter-floor displacement) obtained by the pushover results of finite element simulations. The push over analysis is executed by software SAP2000. The results acquired prove that properly designed frames will perform well under seismic loads. It is a comparative study of the behavior of the existing structure before and after reinforcement using the pushover method. The coupling indirect mechanical reliability by response surface avoids prohibitive calculation times. Finally, results of the proposed approach are compared with Monte Carlo Simulation. The comparative study shows that the structure is more reliable after the introduction of new shear walls.
Color Identification Mark by Laser Processing of Silver Surface
Authors: Romanov Valeriy , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Shchedrina Nadezhda , Lutoshina Daria , Mikhailovskii Vladimir , Danilov Denis , Sergeev Maxim , Odintsova Galina
Published: February 2021

Coloring silver for decorative purposes and for applying identification marks is an important task. In this paper, we consider a method for coloring silver surfaces using VIS plasmonic response in laser-induced nanoparticles (NPs). An analysis was made of the resulted morphology and chemical composition of nanoparticles obtained with nanosecond laser pulses. The dependence of the size and distribution of silver NPs on the laser exposure parameters is determined. The developed color palette was characterized using colorimetric coordinates.