bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical, chemical, and mineralogical attributes of a representative group of soils from the eastern Amazon region in Brazil
Authors: Souza Edna Santos de , Fernandes Antonio Rodrigues , De Souza Braz Anderson Martins , Oliveira Fábio Júnior de , Alleoni Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú , Campos Milton César Costa
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Amazonian soils are heterogeneous. However, few studies have been
carried out in the Amazon, mainly because of its considerable size, which
complicates the collection of data and the ability to plan for the
sustainable use of natural resources. In this study, the physical, chemical,
and mineralogical attributes of soils in the state of Pará, Brazil, were
characterized by examining the particle size, fertility, silicon extracted by
sodium hydroxide, iron, and aluminum, and manganese extracted by sulfuric acid,
sodium citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite, and ammonium oxalate + oxalic
acid. A descriptive analysis, multivariate principal component analysis, and
cluster analysis were performed. The soils had low concentrations of
bioavailable P, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K and had high
concentrations of Al3+, Si, and Al oxide in the Cambisols.
Concentrations of Fe and Mn oxides were higher in both the Cambisols and
Nitosols, which are rich in oxidic minerals. The multivariate analysis
indicated an association between the organic carbon content and pH, P, Ca,
Mg, and K concentrations. An additional association was observed between
clay, potential acidity, and the Fe and Al oxide concentrations.
Production of synthetic tetraploids as a tool for polyploid research
Authors: Castro Mariana , Castro Sílvia , Loureiro João
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Polyploidization has been traditionally considered a phenomenon that mediates ecological differentiation; however, the adaptive value of genome duplications has been seldom explored. Natural or synthetic polyploids offer unique opportunities to experimentally quantify the immediate consequences of genome duplications in plant traits that may be involved with ecological differentiation. Jasione maritima is a diploid-tetraploid complex with cytotypes distributed allopatrically in an environmental gradient ideal for exploring the role of genome duplications in the success of polyploid lineages. However, like in numerous other polyploid complexes, neotetraploids of J. maritima have not been found in nature. In this study we developed a methodology to obtain synthetic tetraploids from seeds collected in wild diploid plants of J. maritima. We tested the effect of different colchicine concentrations and seedling ages in survival and polyploidization success of J. maritima seedlings, using flow cytometry to assess ploidy level and considering the population of origin. A methodology to synchronize seed germination was also explored. Synchronization of seed germination was best achieved using a cold treatment of 2 weeks before the transference to a growth chamber. An overall survival rate of 11.5±0.7 % and further tetraploid conversion of 35.6±2.9 % was obtained using 3-day-old seedlings of J. maritima. Survival rates were variable depending on colchicine treatment (the highest the most lethal) and seedling origin (i.e. population), while conversion rate was similar across these factors and high rates of tetraploid conversion were obtained. Considering that the main constraint was survival to the colchicine treatment, we suggest the use of the lowest colchicine concentration tested, i.e. 0.1 % colchicine. The use of older seedlings increased survival rates but, in many cases, compromised a complete tetraploid conversion, generating many diploid-tetraploid mixoploid plants.
Towards a Cognitive-Linguistic Turn in CLIL: Unfolding Integration
Authors: Reitbauer Margit , Fürstenberg Ulla , Kletzenbauer Petra , Marko Karoline
Published: September 2018

The aim of this paper is to unfold the process of integration in CLIL by describing the role of the cognitive processes involved in the construction of knowledge. While there has been extensive research of various aspects of CLIL, the actual process of integration of content and language has largely been neglected. Therefore, this paper argues that the role of language in building knowledge has to be stressed further and made transparent to CLIL practitioners, particularly in “hard” versions of CLIL. Raising teachers’ awareness of the epistemic function of language and drawing their attention to the human cognitive architecture can help them achieve a higher level of understanding of the process of integration of content and language. Using the example of a task taken from a training course for CLIL teachers, this paper describes how a focus on the cognitive architecture of learners can improve the integration of content and language in CLIL.
Object Lessons: Derek Mahon's Material Ekphrasis
Authors: Vincent Bridget
Published: September 2018

Derek Mahon, like many writers of ekphrastic poetry, uses the interartistic encounter as an opportunity to meditate on his own aesthetic practice. While the self-reflexive dimensions of Mahon's ekphrases have received considerable critical attention, the implications of his choice of source material remain underexamined. Many of Mahon's ekphrases respond not simply to paintings, but to works depicting three-dimensional objects and architectural spaces: indeed, he sometimes treats rooms and things as though they were the art objects in question. This is the case in a variety of poems, from “Courtyards in Delft” and “The Studio,” to later ekphrases like “Studio in Antibes,” and “New Space.” As these titles suggest, many of the objects and spaces he chooses are used in the production of further artworks—some of his best-known material ekphrases are responses to artists' rooms. This predilection repays critical attention, as the materiality of Mahon's ekphrastic writing shapes its metapoetic work in significant ways. Many of Mahon's aesthetic reflections concern abstraction, materiality, craft, and making, and these concerns take on additional complexity when the ekphrastic sources themselves involve physical things. Most importantly, Mahon's material ekphrases shed light on some of the ambivalence and ambiguity attending his aesthetic ideals.
Auditor’s Characteristics and Earnings Management in India
Authors: Rajpal Hanish , Jain Pawan
Published: September 2018

This study investigates whether auditor’s characteristics such as its independence and professional quality act as a deterrent to earnings management in India. The existing evidence on the relationship of auditor’s independence and quality with earnings management is not conclusive. The said relationship has not been examined in the context of Indian companies. The study uses a panel data of 1,600 firm years. The study provides evidence on the presence of knowledge spillover hypothesis as negative relationship is found between fees for non-audit services and earnings management. The study does not find any significant relationship of EM with industry specialization of the auditor and size of the auditor. The results are consistent under various robustness checks.
Self-Disclosure in Social Networking Sites in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Emad ALQadheeb Basmah , Ibraheem Alsalloum Othman
Published: September 2018

Millions of people worldwide visit social network sites (SNSs) daily, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat. We examined a model based on the privacy calculus theory to better understand and determine what motivates users to disclose personal information on SNSs in Saudi Arabia. A total of 550 respondents participated in an online survey. The analysis results indicate that Saudi SNS users are primarily motivated by the convenience of maintaining and developing new relationships, self-presentation, and platform enjoyment. The results also indicate that privacy risks are a critical barrier to information disclosure. However, users become less concerned about privacy risks—and are thus more likely to disclose personal information—if they trust other SNS members and the service provider. Trust in the service provider increases if privacy control options are provided. In addition, the results show that gender influences the motivations to self-disclose personal information. Based on the analysis results, recommendations for service providers are provided.
The Impact of Hikmah (Wisdom) Pedagogy on 21st Century Skills of Selected Primary and Secondary School Students in Gombak District Selangor Malaysia
Authors: Yusoff Wan Mazwati Wan , Hashim Rosnani , Khalid Madihah , Hussien Suhailah , Kamalludeen Rosemaliza
Published: September 2018

In this paper the impact of Hikmah Pedagogy (HP) on critical, creative, caring and collaborative thinking and communication skills of students in primary and secondary schools through the subjects of Malay (also known as Bahasa Malaysia) and English languages were investigated. The participating teachers were trained by experts from the Center for Teaching Thinking, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and they were observed and supervised to ensure HP was implemented correctly. This study employed the case study method to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data were collected before and after the intervention of the HP using the Cognitive Behavior Checklist. Mid-semester and final examination results were used to gauge improvement in English and Bahasa Malaysia. These data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The qualitative data were collected through interviewing teachers individually at the beginning and focus group discussion (FGD) at the end of study. The data were analysed qualitatively to identify the emerging themes. The findings show that when students were given opportunity to ask questions based on the given stimulus materials and to voice out their opinions in the dialogic approach of HP, they demonstrated the ability to reason well; think about their own thinking; to think caringly and collaboratively. Students showed improvement in their communication skills in both languages which were indicated by the increase in their examination results, particularly in writing and oral skills.
Mastery Learning in the Classroom: Concept Maps, Critical Thinking, Collaborative Assessment (M3CA) Using Multiple Choice Items (MCIs)
Authors: Zandvakili Elham , Washington Ernest , Gordon Edmund , Wells Craig
Published: September 2018

M3CA is a model of mastery learning developed in a college classroom, and an acronym for Mastery, Concept Maps, Critical Thinking, Collaboration and Assessment. The M3CA model is a formative model of skill based mastery learning and assessment that produces high levels of academic achievement and empowers students with a feeling of fairness. Mastery is based on students’ creation of concept maps, and the steps toward mastery include learning the skills of: critical thinking, prioritization (evaluation), individual and group synthesis, group evaluation (prioritization), and the application of multiple choice items to assess the facts, concepts and knowledge embedded in the concept maps. Multiple choice items created by and collected from teams of students are available for all to see and used in their assessment. Each step toward mastery is observable, transparent, and open to public view by the students.
DEGRADATION ISSUES OF FESCUE-FORBS RANGELAND IN MOUNTAIN STEPPE
Authors: L Otgontuya , N Lkhagvajav , Ch Munkhbat
Published: September 2018

The total area of Fescue-forbs rangeland in Mongolia is 10 million hectares, in account of 8.5% of total rangeland area. Fescue-forbs rangeland is the main type of rangeland in mountain steppe. The Mongolian rangeland has degraded for the last decades mainly due to overgrazing and climate change. The main objective of this study is to determine the change of plant community and reduction of abundance and productivity of dominant species Festuca lenensis in different degradation levels. The dominant species and main plant functional groups were completely changed in Fescue-forbs rangeland in compared with three degradation levels. The cover of Festuca lenensis was decreased by 98.6-99.5% and biomass percentage was decreased by 95.3-100% in three different degradation levels compared with no degraded pasture. Regarding the results of species composition, the highest number of species reached in moderately degraded pasture, lowest number of species reached in heavily degraded pasture. The species similarity coefficient=0.45 between slightly and moderately degraded pastures. Heavily degraded pasture was different from other two pastures. Quantity of individual species increased in moderately and heavily degraded pastures compared with slightly degraded site. It has depended on increaser and tolerant plant species, these are Arenaria capillaris, Potentilla acaulis, Artemisia frigida, A.commutata, Chamaerodos erecta and Carex duriuscula. Our study to reveal a degradation process of Fescue-forbs rangeland in mountain steppe of Mongolia.
MANUFACTURING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT PARTS IN MASS PRODUCTION
Authors: KROLL Lothar , CZECH Adam , WALLASCH Rainer
Published: September 2018

Production-related preliminary damage and residual stresses have significant effects on the functions and the damage development in fiber composite components. For this reason, it is important, especially for the safety-relevant components, to check each item. This task becomes a challenge in the context of serial production, with its growing importance in the field of lightweight components. The demand for continuous-reinforced thermoplastic composites increases in various industrial areas. According to this, an innovative Continuous Orbital Winding (COW) process was carried out within the framework of the Federal Cluster of Excellence EXC 1075 “MERGE Technologies for Multifunctional Lightweight Structures”. COW is aiming for mass-production-suited processing of special semi-finished fiber reinforced thermoplastic materials. This resource-efficient and function-integrated manufacturing process contains a combination of thermoplastic tape-winding with automated thermoplastic tape-laying technology. The process has a modular concept, which allows implementing other special applications and technologies, e.g. integration of different sensor types and high-speed automated quality inspection. The results show how to control quality and improve the stability of the COW process for large-scale production. This was realized by developing concepts of a fully integrated quality-testing unit for automatic damage assessment of composite structures. For this purpose, the components produced in the COW method have been examined for imperfections. This was performed based on obtained results of non-destructive or destructive materials testing.
ACCURACY OF WORK TOOL POSITION MEASUREMENT BY MEANS OF A DRILLING MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors: SIWULSKI Tomasz
Published: September 2018

The article presents examples of test results of an innovative, optical system of tool location identification in a workspace. This system was developed and produced as part of the research carried out in cooperation with KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. The article contains a general description of the system, basic components and the scientific basis underlying the development. The technical parameters of the system are also indicated as well as the ranges of required accuracy of the tool location determination, the achievement of which was a condition for the admission of the project to the implementation stage for operation. Based on the results of tests carried out both on the surface and in underground operation conditions, the project assumptions were confirmed and the system's accuracy ranges were determined. The very promising results obtained clearly indicate the validity of continuing work on the development of the tool location identification system in a wider range of machines.
Review of the New World genus Nanium Townes, 1967 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae), with two new species from the Neotropical region
Authors: Reshchikov Alexey , Sääksjärvi Ilari E. , Pollet Marc
Published: September 2018

Nanium Townes, 1967 is a small New World parasitoid wasp genus in the subfamily Ctenopelmatinae Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Previously, it comprised five species: one from North America and four from Costa Rica. The current study reviews the Neotropical species of the genus, and includes descriptions of two new species, N. medianum Reshchikov & Sääksjärvi sp. nov. from Ecuador and N. atitlanensis Reshchikov & Sääksjärvi sp. nov. from Guatemala. A key to the species is provided.
Cognitive predictors of counting skills
Authors: Koponen Tuire , Eklund Kenneth , Salmi Paula
Published: September 2018

Rote counting skills have found to be a strong predictor of later arithmetic and reading fluency. However, knowledge of the underlying cognitive factors influencing counting skill is very limited. Present study examined to what extent language skills (phonology, vocabulary, and morphology), nonverbal reasoning skills, and memory at the age of five could explain counting skill at the beginning of first grade. Gender, parents’ education level and child’s persistence were included as control variables. The question was examined in a longitudinal sample (N = 101) with a structural equation model. Results showed that language skills together with memory, nonverbal reasoning skills and parent’s education explained only 22% of the variance in counting at the beginning of the first grade. Vocabulary, morphology, and verbal short-term memory were found to be interchangeable predictors, each explaining approximately 7%–9%, of counting skill. These findings challenge the interpretation of counting as a strongly language-based number skill. However, additional analysis among children with dyslexia revealed that memory and language skills, together with a child’s persistence and gender, had a rather strong predictive value, explaining 34%–46% of counting skill. Together these results suggest that verbal short-term memory and language skills at the age of five have not the same predictive value on counting skill at the beginning of school among a population-based sample as found in subjects with language impairment or learning difficulties, and thus, other cognitive factors should be taken into account in further research related to typical development of counting skill.
Dissociating parallel and serial processing of numerical value
Authors: Lee Kassandra R. , Sobel Kenith V. , York A. Kane , Puri Amrita M.
Published: September 2018

Digits serve as useful tools for studying the interaction between low-level perceptual representations and higher-level semantic information, and also the degree to which processing these stimulus attributes relies on similar or different mechanisms. Following a body of literature that debates the influence of high-level, semantic information on perceptual processing, and work by Van Opstal and colleagues (2011) investigating whether subliminally presented digit arrays affect estimates of numerical averages, here we explored the temporal dynamics of extracting numerical values associated with each digit in an array. Specifically, we examined reaction times (RTs) for estimating the average of digit arrays of varying sizes to determine whether numerical meaning is extracted in parallel, or instead may require serial processing of individual digits. In Experiment 1, participants completed a numerical mean estimation task, along with visual search tasks designed to yield RT patterns across increasing display sizes thought to be characteristic of serial and parallel processes. In Experiment 2, we controlled for brightness cues that could have contributed to performance in Experiment 1. In both experiments, comparing RT patterns for the numerical averaging tasks to those of the search tasks suggested that semantic information from multiple digits may be extracted by a parallel processing mechanism. Unlike in either search task, RTs improved with increasing display size, indicating a potential benefit of larger displays as has been reported for extracting ensemble, or summary statistical representations of lower-level visual information.
A new method for calculating individual subitizing ranges
Authors: Leibovich-Raveh Tali , Lewis Daniel Jacob , Al-Rubaiey Kadhim Saja , Ansari Daniel
Published: September 2018

A large body of research has shown that human adults are fast and accurate at enumerating arrays of ~1-4 items. This phenomenon has been called subitizing. Above this range, enumeration is slower and less accurate. The subitizing range has been related to individual differences in variables such as mathematical abilities, working memory, etc. The two most common methods for calculating subitizing range today – bilinear fit and sigmoid fit – have their strengths and weaknesses. By combining these two methods, we overcome their biggest limitations and come up with a novel way for calculating Individual Subitizing Range (ISR). This paper introduces this new method as well as empirical studies designed to test the new method. We replicated classic effects from the literature and obtain a high correlation with the sigmoid fit method. This paper includes a Matlab code for easy calculation of ISR as well as a ready-to-use experimental file for testing ISR. We hope that these tools would be of use to researchers studying individual differences in the subitizing range.
På jakt etter ark og app i fire fag i det nye norske læremiddellandskapet
Authors: Gilje Øjstein
Published: September 2018

Denne artikkelen gjennomgår utviklingen av læremidler i Norge de siste 20 år, med særlig vekt på de definisjoner som har vært brukt og den forskning som har funnet sted. Denne historiske gjennomgangen i artikkelens første del gir bakgrunn til forskningsprosjektet Ark&App, som fokuserer på læremidler og arbeidsformer i fagene matematikk, engelsk, naturfag og samfunnsfag. Basert på store nasjonale spørreundersøkelser ser artikkelen nærmere på, hvordan valg og bruk av læremidler skjer på ulike trinn i grunnopplæringen.
Fagdidaktik og it
Authors: Bundsgaard Jeppe
Published: September 2018

Forskningsområdet fagdidaktik og it er ganske ungt, men der er sket meget i dets omkring 15 års levetid. I denne artikel gives et overblik over udviklingen særligt inden for danskfaget, og der gives bud på fremtidsperspektiverne fra en af feltets centrale aktører gennem alle årene.
Er it en sag for dansk?
Authors: Carlsen Dorthe
Published: September 2018

Integrationen af it i skolen har længe været et politisk ønske. Man taler om it i fagene som tredje bølge af it-integration i skolen. Undersøgelsen, som afrapporteres i denne artikel, er en fagdidaktisk analyse af hvordan, i hvilken udstrækning og med hvilken begrundelse it gøres til indhold i danskfagets officielle mål og beskrivelser i skiftende læreplaner gennemde sidste 30 år (1984 til 2014).
Forord
Authors: Nortvig Anne-Mette , Slot Marie Falkesgaard
Published: September 2018

Forord til Learning Tech 3 skrevet af Anne-Mette Nortvig og marie Falkesgaard Slot.
Unges læsning i en digital tidsalder
Authors: Balling Gitte
Published: September 2018

Denne artikel undersøger unges holdning til og erfaring med at læse på skærm. Undersøgelsen bygger på den antagelse, at unge, som er trænede mediebrugere, også er mere imødekommende over for at læse skønlitteratur i digital form. Med afsæt i den nyeste forskning inden for digital læsning diskuteres såvel læsningens betydning for unge og muligheder og udfordringer ved digital læsning. Artiklens empiriske grundlag udgøres af en fokusgruppeundersøgelse blandt 13-14- årige unge danske skoleelever.
„САСУДИ” РЕЧИ АНЂЕОСКЕ ХРАНЕ И „ЧАШЕ” ЖИВОТВОРЕЋЕГ ПИЋА У СТАРОЈ СРПСКОЈ КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ
Authors: Летић Бранко
Published: September 2018

У раду су посматрани приповедни облици у старој српској књижевностипрема оновременом ауторском схватању речи као изражајног средства и књи-жевног текста као „плетенија словесима” у разним „говорним вештинама”,књижевним облицима, чију су функцију писци видели у педагошком, морал-ном и естетском деловању на читаоце/слушаоце. Преко разних алегорија онису назначавали чулни карактер књижевне уметности, структуру књижевногдела те експлицитне и имплицитне облике приповедања.
О ВУКОВОМ СВЕТУ РЕЧИ
Authors: Драгићевић Рајна
Published: September 2018

У раду се скреће пажња на чињеницу да ученици током школовања дозна-ју о Вуку и његовом делу мноштво стереотипа и чињеница које су дужни данауче напамет. Предлаже се инвентивнији приступ Вуковим делима. Он би сесастојао у истраживачким задацима које би наставник задавао ученицима, акоји би подразумевали да ученици морају да се користе Вуковим делима, да сеупознају са њима и да их анализирају. Такав сусрет са Вуком био би знатносврсисходнији и занимљивији, а стечена знања била би дуготрајнија.
АРТЕФАКТИ У СЛУЖБИ ИСТИНЕ
Authors: Јелић Данијела
Published: September 2018

Књига Трагедија без катарзе својим необичним парадоксом осје-њеним насловом примјереним до те мјере садржају да би могаода стоји као својеврсна опора поента главнине текстова сабра-них међу корице књиге – најављује горку тежину појединих тема, али иауторова књижевнокритичка ишчитавања и промишљања о њима. Ше-ста по реду књига,1 а друга у којој је Ранко Поповић направио искорак уодносу на своју главну књижевнонаучну преокупацију – новије српскопјесништво, усмјеривши овог пута оштрицу свог пера на српску прозу идраму XX(I) вијека – Трагедија без катарзе неодвојива је од ауторовихпретходних остварења са којима ако и није у експлицитном, предмет-ном и методолошком јединству, а онда јесте у имплицитном, као њихо-вo природно заокружење, мисаоно, духовно и стилски готово унисоно.
О СВАДБЕНИМ ПЈЕСМАМА У НАШОЈ УСМЕНОЈ ТРАДИЦИЈИ
Authors: Говедар Нина
Published: September 2018

Иако су напори уложени у проучавање наше народне књижевно-сти протеклих деценија заиста били велики, те смо на том пољудошли до значајних сазнања, који и данас утичу на перцепцијунаше (али и не само наше) савремене књижевности, не можемо се отетиутиску како се баш ономе што нашу народну књижевност чини тако ко-лоритном – везама са народним обичајима и вјеровањима, већ децени-јама не поклања онолико пажње колико неким другим и другачијим ис-траживачким перспективама. Дјелимично, разлог за то свакако можемотражити у чињеници да је биљежење нашег усменог стваралаштва завр-шило, највећим својим дијелом, на плећима једног човјека – Вука Сте-фановића Караџића, те како су сви будући истраживачки токови спон-тано усмјеравани управо у оним правцима које је Вук својим приређи-вачким концептом највише освијетлио. Тек се у наше вријеме јављајупројекти који преиспитују дате концепте, стварају нове, и као такве иханализирају.
САВРЕМЕНО ОБРАЗОВАЊЕ: ПОСТОЈИ ЛИ АЛТЕРНАТИВА?
Authors: Кончаревић Ксенија
Published: September 2018

Кад годину за годином продајете пљескавице на киоску код ау-тобуске станице, када по читаве дане седите за рачунаром уку-цавајући непрегледне низове ко зна коме потребних бројева иимена, када по десет сати дневно распакивате и ређате по полицама го-миле робе у загушљивом супермаркету, са досадом која вас обузима иосећањем бесмисла сопственог постојања, лакше ћете се носити уколи-ко имате оскудан ниво образовања и сиромашан унутрашњи свет. Заштобисте патили, када вас школа може на време припремити за – доживот-ну отуђеност? Отуђити децу од њих самих како не би добијала снагу изсвојих аутентичних мотива и афинитета, отуђити их од породице, тра-диције, вере, културе – то је социјална поруџбина којој треба да удовољиобразовни систем епохе либералног капитализма и економије масовнепотрошње.
СЈЕЋАЊЕ НА ДРАГИ ЛИК ПРОФЕСОРКЕ
Authors: Брчкало Бранка , Чегар Бранислава
Published: September 2018

Генерације студената 70-их и 80-их година 20. вијека памте ри-јетке жене професоре предратног Филозофског факултета у Са-рајеву, као што су Ксенија Милошевић, Рајка Божовић, НаџијаТасо, Херта Куна, које су дале велики допринос развоју Одсјека за исто-рију југословенских књижевности и српскохрватски језик. Памтимо ихпо строгости и досљедности, по изузетном познавању струке и науке, порадиности, марљивости, одговорности. Али само ријетке од њих памти-мо као блиске и драге особе. То се, прије свега, односи на професоркуРајку Божовић.
ДА ЛИ ЈЕ ЊЕГОШЕВ ГОРСКИ ВИЈЕНАЦ ТВРД ОРАХ ЗА СРЕДЊОШКОЛЦЕ?
Authors: Зорић Радослава
Published: September 2018

Безброј пута је поновљено да су све ријечи потрошене, а вје-роватно је много више пута казано како ријеч има невјероватнумоћ да и најобичнијој појави из живота прида значај и учини јевреднијом. Снага језика можда и јесте потрошена, ријечима се људиразбацују, плагирају, остаје нам збирка фраза. Ни саучешће ни хвалу да-нас не изричемо вјерујући у њихову снагу и искреност. Ипак, то није то-лико до ријечи колико до испразности и истрошености оног ко је изгова-ра. И обрнуто: ријечи „вода” и „лијепа” звуче обично, неузвишено. Али,кад је патријарх Павле описивао једно своје путовање, поменуо је и некомјесто на коме је волио да се одмори и напије „лепе воде”. Нама који тозамислимо, док слушамо изречено, та вода чини се најчистијом,најпиткијом, рајском водом. Ваљало би се данас, уз подсјећање на снагуЊегошевoг дјела, задржати и на тој двострукости језика, на моћи инемоћи ријечи, која упућује на моћ и немоћ човјека или још конкретније,на моћ и немоћ нас који у учионици препознајемо оба својства.
МОГУЋНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕ ЛИНГВОСТИЛИСТИЧКОГ ПРИСТУПА НАСТАВНИМ САДРЖАЈИМА ИЗ ПРАВОПИСА У СРЕДЊОЈ ШКОЛИ
Authors: Николић Милка
Published: September 2018

Изграђивање свести о важности поштовања правописне норме представљаједан од битних чинилаца у неговању језичке културе код ученика. Циљ рада једа се за додатну наставу у четвртом разреду средње школе осмисли методичкаконцепција за примену лингвостилистичког приступа наставним садржајимаиз правописа. Лингвостилистички приступ се може применити у настави књи-жевности приликом интерпретације књижевних дела која се одликују особе-ном (стилогеном) пишчевом употребом правописних правила. Посебно је ва-жно да ученик успостaви дистинкцију између (1) погрешне употребе правопи-сног правила у неуметничком тексту и (2) одступања од правописне норме ууметничком тексту. У основне кораке лингвостилистичког приступа спадају:(1) запажање стилематичких поступака заснованих на одступању од правопи-са; (2) откривање њихове стилске функције у конкретном контексту; (3) испи-тивање естетске оправданости пишчевог поступка са становишта удела којиодређени поступак има у укупном смислу књижевног дела. На овај начин кодученика се развијају читалачке компетенције, јачају трансферна знања, усавр-шавају аналитичке и интерпретативне вештине, негује истраживачки дух.
СТРАДАЊЕ СРБА У ДРУГОМ СВЈЕТСКОМ РАТУ – МЕТОДОЛОШКИ ПРИСТУП И МОГУЋНОСТИ УЧЕЊА У НАСТАВИ КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ
Authors: Анчић Тања
Published: September 2018

Непостојање културе сјећања у јавној свијести код Срба ствара генерацијекојима невине српске жртве из Другог свјетског рата, као и из читавог двадесе-тог вијека, неће значити ништа. Да би се то спријечило, цјелокупна хуманистич-ка интелигенција мора преузети дио одговорности, како би се данашња генера-ција културом сјећања одужила невиним жртвама. Као православни хришћани,Срби су вијековима свједочили вјеру у Христа, а духовни, културни и национал-ни идентитет градили на спомену невине жртве. Српска књижевност памтиисторијска жртвовања српског народа, која почивају на култу жртве и подвига.Стога је кроз наставу књижевности могуће истраживати прошлост, откриватиузроке страдања у двадесетом вијеку, учити о смислу невине жртве и могућно-сти праштања, јер праштање је могуће само из позиције жртве.
МЕТОДИЧКИ ЦВЕТНИК
Authors: Мркаљ Зона
Published: September 2018

Важна и антологијски вредна књига Методички цветник насталаје захваљујући подршци Друштва за српски језик и књижевностРепублике Српске и његове председнице, проф. др Зорице Ники-товић, а за добробит свих нас којима је српски језик матерњи, а наставасрпског језика и књижевности, пре свега, љубав и инспирација за даљапостигнућа.
ИЗДАВАЧКИ ПОДУХВАТ СТОЉЕЋА
Authors: Никитовић Зорица
Published: September 2018

Законоправило/Номоканон/Крмчија је правни спис, књига коју је запотребе новоосноване српске архиепископије у ослонцу на грчки извор-ник почетком XIII вијека приредио Свети Сава. Овим зборником, у којије уграђено богато насљеђе грчко-римског права у његовој византијскојредакцији, правно је уређена Српска Црква и држава, захваљујући чемуСрбија, већ на почетку XIII стољећа, добија кодекс чврстог правног по-ретка и постаје правна држава.
ОД ПЈЕСНИЧКЕ СЛИКЕ ДО МЕТАФОРЕ
Authors: Поповић Ранко
Published: September 2018

Сликовност и метафоричност спадају међу најзначајније особине пје-сничког језика. Тијесна веза која постоји између њих је најочигледнија када сепренос значења остварује на нивоу чулне перцепције, па и у случају такозванесинестезијске метафоре. У раду се разматрају управо такве везе између сликеи метафоре, као и типови њихових функција у пјесничком тексту.
МИ ОБЈАШЊАВАМО РЕЧИ ДОК РЕЧИ ОБЈАШЊАВАЈУ НАС
Authors: Петровић Ана Љ.
Published: September 2018

Речи под лупом јесте зборник радова посвећених лексици српскогјезика који се састоји од текстова писаних за „Политику”, какоби се шира публика упознала с новијим резултатима истражива-ња које на овом пољу доносе докторанди проф. др Рајне Драгићевић сФилолошког факултета Универзитета у Београду, листом сараднициИнститута за српски језик САНУ. Професорка Драгићевић је и уредницаиздања, као и аутор неколико од 36 текстова у књизи. Остали аутори су,редом којим су њихови радови представљени: Неђо Јошић, Марија Ђин-ђић, Маријана Богдановић, Данијела Радоњић, Наташа Миланов, Сло-бодан Новокмет, Јована Јовановић, Драгана Цвијовић, Милица Стојано-вић, Весна Николић, Ана Миленковић, Милена Јакић и Вања Миљко-вић. Већина аутора има по два текста, али неки, попут Јоване Јовановић,Марије Ђинђић и саме уреднице имају и више њих.
О ПРОЦЕСИМА ДЕЗИНТЕГРАЦИЈЕ СРПСКОГА ЈЕЗИКА
Authors: Матерић Александар
Published: September 2018

Од средине XIX вијека када је, захваљујући прије свега раду ВукаСтефановића Караџића, утемељена србистика, почели су и поли-тички напади на њен статус како би се пољуљала два стуба на који-ма почива – назив језика и територија коју тај језик обухвата. Јасно ис-планираним поступцима ти процеси су у највећој мјери реализовани,тако да данас на територијама на којим се говори српским језиком посто-је чак четири његове различите номинације: српски, босански (бошњач-ки), хрватски и црногорски. Да се у суштини ради о једном језику јасно јесваком говорнику овог језика, а да је назив српски једини научно ваљанпоказале су бројне научно утемељене студије. Међутим, политички при-тисак који се насилно уселио у лингвистику на просторима бивше Југо-славије још увијек не јењава, што и даље, на разнолике начине, доприносизаобилажењу научних чињеница и дезинтегрисању српског језика.
BDNF-TrkB signaling in oxytocin neurons contributes to maternal behavior
Authors: Maynard Kristen R , Hobbs John W , Phan BaDoi N , Gupta Amolika , Rajpurohit Sumita , Williams Courtney , Rajpurohit Anandita , Shin Joo Heon , Jaffe Andrew E , Martinowich Keri
Published: September 2018

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) transcription is controlled by several promoters, which drive expression of multiple transcripts encoding an identical protein. We previously reported that BDNF derived from promoters I and II is highly expressed in hypothalamus and is critical for regulating aggression in male mice. Here we report that BDNF loss from these promoters causes reduced sexual receptivity and impaired maternal care in female mice, which is concomitant with decreased oxytocin (Oxt) expression during development. We identify a novel link between BDNF signaling, oxytocin, and maternal behavior by demonstrating that ablation of TrkB selectively in OXT neurons partially recapitulates maternal care impairments observed in BDNF-deficient females. Using translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-sequencing we define a molecular profile for OXT neurons and delineate how BDNF signaling impacts gene pathways critical for structural and functional plasticity. Our findings highlight BDNF as a modulator of sexually-dimorphic hypothalamic circuits that govern female-typical behaviors.
Novel Management of Ectopic Pregnancy in a Noncommunicating Rudimentary Horn of a Unicornuate Uterus
Authors: Herchelroath Deborah , Miller Jena L. , Wang Karen C.
Published: September 2018

Pregnancy in a rudimentary horn is a rarely encountered form of ectopic pregnancy and is often an emergent situation because of the risk of rupture of the horn. A 31-year-old gravida 3 para 1 woman with 7 to 8 weeks’ gestational age was found to have a viable pregnancy in a rudimentary noncommunicating horn of a unicornuate uterus. She elected termination of the pregnancy via local intracardiac lidocaine and intra-amniotic methotrexate injections. Subsequent removal of the rudimentary horn was necessary to prevent recurrence. Because of the risk of rupture, the diagnosis and management of an ectopic pregnancy in a rudimentary horn can be emergent.
A bathypelagic ostracodConchoecissa nigromaculatussp. nov. (Myodocopa, Halocyprididae) from the South China Sea
Authors: Xiang Peng , Wang Yu , Chen Ruixiang , Zhao Liyuan , Wang Chunguang , Lin Mao
Published: September 2018

Pelagic ostracods are one of the main groups of zooplankton and are abundant in marine ecosystems worldwide. The record of marine planktonic ostracod species in the central and southern part of the South China Sea accounts over for one-third of the total recorded marine planktonic ostracods in seas around China. In this study, we examined and compared the specimens from a recent cruise in this region that appeared to be different from previously described species of genusConchoecissa, and then confirmed them as a new bathypelagic speciesConchoecissa nigromaculatus. These specimens clearly differed from the other species of genusConchoecissawith differences observed in the size, carapace, locations of glands, mandible, maxilla, sixth limb, and furca. In this species, mandibular coxal endite has no ventral finger process, maxilla has prominently large endites and has only two claws on the tip, the sixth limb has very simple endites, and this species has distinctive features not previously observed in the tribe Conchoeciini before. It is therefore necessary to emend the diagnosis of this group.
Outpatient Engagement and Predicted Risk of Suicide Attempts in Fibromyalgia
Authors: McKernan Lindsey C. , Lenert Matthew C. , Crofford Leslie J. , Walsh Colin G.
Published: September 2018

Objective

Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) are 10 times more likely to die by suicide than the general population. The purpose of this study was to externally validate published models predicting suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in patients with FM and to identify interpretable risk and protective factors for suicidality unique to FM.

Methods

This was a case–control study of large‐scale electronic health record data collected from 1998 to 2017, identifying FM cases with validated Phenotype KnowledgeBase criteria. Model performance was measured through discrimination, including the receiver operating area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, and through calibration, including calibration plots. Risk factors were selected by L1 penalized regression with bootstrapping for both outcomes. Secondary utilization analyses converted time‐based billing codes to equivalent minutes to estimate face‐to‐face provider contact.

Results

We identified 8,879 patients with FM, with 34 known suicide attempts and 96 documented cases of suicidal ideation. External validity was good for both suicidal ideation (AUC 0.80) and attempts (AUC 0.82) with excellent calibration. Risk factors specific to suicidal ideation included polysomatic symptoms such as fatigue (odds ratio [OR] 1.29 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.25–1.32]), dizziness (OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.22–1.28]), and weakness (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.15–1.19]). Risk factors specific to suicide attempt included obesity (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.10–1.27]) and drug dependence (OR 1.15 [95% CI 1.12–1.18]). Per utilization analyses, those patients with FM and no suicidal ideation spent 3.5 times more time in follow‐up annually, and those without documented suicide attempts spent more than 40 times more time face‐to‐face with providers annually.

Conclusion

This is the first study to successfully apply machine learning to reliably detect suicidality in patients with FM, identifying novel risk factors for suicidality and highlighting outpatient engagement as a protective factor against suicide.
Advocacy 101: Engaging Rheumatology Fellows in Health Policy and Advocacy
Authors: Doaty Sarah , Bitencourt Nicole , Harvey William , Kolasinski Sharon , Solow E. Blair
Published: September 2018

Objective

Rheumatology fellowship programs lack formal curricular content to educate trainees about legislative and regulatory health care policies that have a profound impact on academic and community practices. Advocacy 101 was created as a program to address this gap and engage fellows‐in‐training (FIT) in health advocacy efforts.

Methods

A web‐based survey was sent via the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) FIT listserve in July 2015 and April 2016. The survey queried respondents about their knowledge of and participation in health policy and advocacy. Survey results guided the design of an educational program called Advocacy 101 for FIT and program directors in conjunction with the ACR Advocates for Arthritis fly‐in meeting.

Results

The survey response rate increased from 19% in 2015 (95 of 500 FIT) to 39% in 2016 (231 of 595 FIT). In 2015, the top reason for nonparticipation in health policy and advocacy efforts (64% of respondents) was lack of knowledge on how to get involved. This reason decreased to 39% of respondents in 2016. Other barriers to participation included lack of time and familiarity with the issues. Over the 2 years, FIT identified patient access to medication and insurance, and physician reimbursement as important advocacy issues. All participants of Advocacy 101 reported an increase in knowledge of health policy and the intent to stay involved.

Conclusion

FIT regard health policy issues as important, but many are uncertain of how to participate in advocacy. Advocacy 101 is the first program designed to educate and engage rheumatology FIT in health policy and advocacy endeavors.
Mosaic‐Structured Cobalt Nickel Thiophosphate Nanosheets Incorporated N‐doped Carbon for Efficient and Stable Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Liang Qinghua , Zhong Lixiang , Du Chengfeng , Zheng Yun , Luo Yubo , Xu Jianwei , Li Shuzhou , Yan Qingyu
Published: September 2018

Engineering the nanostructures and compositions of 2D layered metal thiophosphates (MTPs) is significant for extending their applications. Here, a scalable and flexible strategy is presented to prepare single crystalline CoNiPS3 incorporated with N‐doped carbon (CoNiPS3/C) nanosheets (≈16 nm thickness), which can be further processed into the mosaic‐structured CoNiPS3/C nanosheets (≈6 nm thickness) composed of randomly distributed crystalline nanodomains (≈15 nm diameter) and disordered boundaries (denoted as mosaic CoNiPS3/C nanosheets), and further into separated CoNiPS3/C nanodots (≈4 nm diameter). The initial CoNiPS3/C nanosheeets are prepared by using Co–Ni Prussian‐blue analogue nanoplates as templating precursors. As compared to the initial CoNiPS3/C nanosheets and nanodots, the mosaic CoNiPS3/C nanosheets exhibit plenty of active edge sites, retained crystallinity, and good structural stability. Synergistically, density functional theory calculations reveal that the bimetallic composition results in higher intrinsic activity, better conductivity, and lower kinetic energy barriers for bifunctional oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions. More importantly, a water‐splitting electrolyzer constructed using the mosaic CoNiPS3/C nanosheets as both cathode and anode achieves 30 mA cm−2 at 1.62 V, which is better than the initial CoNiPS3/C nanosheets (1.69 V) and is comparable to the discreted nanodots (1.58 V). Besides, the mosaic CoNiPS3/C nanosheets show much better electrocatalytic stability than nanodots.
Pleistocene diversification in an ancient lineage: a role for glacial cycles in the evolutionary history of Dioon Lindl. (Zamiaceae)
Authors: Dorsey Brian L. , Gregory Timothy J. , Sass Chodon , Specht Chelsea D.
Published: September 2018

Premise of the Study

Recent estimates of crown ages for cycad genera (Late Miocene) challenge us to consider what processes have produced the extant diversity of this ancient group in such relatively little time. Pleistocene climate change has driven major shifts in species distributions in Mexico and may have led to speciation in the genus Dioon by forcing populations to migrate up in elevation, thereby becoming separated by topography.

Methods

We inferred orthologs from transcriptomes of five species and sequenced these in 42 individuals representing all Dioon species. From these data and published plastid sequences, we inferred dated species trees and lineage‐specific diversification rates.

Key Results

Analyses of 84 newly sequenced nuclear orthologs and published plastid data confirm four major clades within Dioon, all of Pleistocene age. Gene tree analysis, divergence dates, and an increase in diversification rate support very recent and rapid divergence of extant taxa.

Conclusions

This study confirms the Pleistocene age of Dioon species and implicates Pleistocene climate change and established topography in lineage spitting. These results add to our understanding of the cycads as evolutionarily dynamic lineages, not relicts or evolutionary dead ends. We also find that well‐supported secondary calibration points can be reliable in the absence of fossils. Our hypothesis of lineage splitting mediated by habitat shifts may be applicable to other taxa that are restricted to elevation specific ecotones.
Gallic acid attenuates allergic airway inflammation via suppressed interleukin‐33 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells in ovalbumin‐induced asthma in mice
Authors: Wang Xinhua , Zhao Hongqing , Ma Chenhui , Lv Lei , Feng Jinping , Han Shuguang
Published: September 2018

Background

Asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness. Gallic acid is a powerful anti‐inflammatory agent. In this study we aimed to investigate the efficacy of gallic acid in asthma treatment and its mechanisms.

Methods

An ovalbumin‐induced asthma mouse model was generated. Pro‐inflammatory cell infiltration and T helper (Th2)–associated cytokine release in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed to reflect the severity of asthma in mice. An interleukin‐33 (IL‐33)–induced asthma mouse model was also generated to study the mechanism by which gallic acid could improve asthma. Group 2 lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were identified using flow cytometry. Proteins were detected using Western blotting.

Results

Ovalbumin significantly increased the infiltration of pro‐inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, accompanied by enhanced airway hyperesponsiveness. Gallic acid reduced pro‐inflammatory cell infiltration and improved airway hyperresponsiveness. Meanwhile, gallic acid reduced IL‐5 and IL‐13 levels in BALF and decreased expression of IL‐33 in the lungs. Mechanistically, gallic acid inhibited MyD88 expression and downregulated nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signaling to decrease IL‐33 expression.

Conclusions

Gallic acid can mollify ovalbumin‐induced asthma in mice, possibly by inhibiting IL‐33‐mediated ILC2 activation and subsequent Th2 cytokine release via downregulation of the MyD88/NF‐κB signaling pathway. ©2018 ARSAAOA, LLC.