bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Предельная теорема для мощности образа подмножества при композиции случайных отображений
Authors: Zubkov Andrei Mikhailovich , Serov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2017

Пусть $\mathcal{N}$ - множество из $N$ элементов и $F_1,F_2,\ldots$ - последовательность случайных независимых равновероятных отображений $\mathcal{N}\to\mathcal{N}$. Для подмножества $S_0\subset \mathcal{N}$, $|S_0|=n$, рассматривается последовательность образов $S_t=F_t(\ldots F_2(F_1(S_0))\ldots)$, $t=1,2\ldots$ Получены условия на $n$, $t$ и $N$, при которых распределение размеров образов $S_t$ асимптотически нормально.
Линейно реализуемые автоматы
Authors: Rodin Sergey Borisovich
Published: March 2017

Изучаются «линейно реализуемые» автоматы, т. е. автоматы, состояния которых можно закодировать так, что порождаемый кодированием булев оператор является линейным. Приведен критерий линейной реализуемости автомата, получены нижняя и верхняя оценки числа линейно реализуемых автоматов.
Верхняя оценка одной комбинаторной суммы
Authors: Roldugin Pavel Vladimirovich
Published: March 2017

Для биномиальной суммы $U_{d} (x)=\sum _{r\ge 0}\begin{pmatrix} d-r+1r \end{pmatrix}\cdot x^{r}$ при натуральном $d$ и вещественном неотрицательном $x$ получена верхняя оценка. Из этой оценки, в частности, следует, что $U_{d} (x)=O((0,5+\sqrt{x+0,25} )^{d} )$ при фиксированном $x>0$ и $d\to \infty $.
Вычисления на регистровых машинах со счетчиками
Authors: Savitskii Igor Vladimirovich
Published: March 2017

В работе исследуются вычислительные возможности регистровых машин со счетчиками. Доказано, что класс функций, строго вычислимых на регистровых машинах со счетчиками, совпадает с классом общерекурсивных функций.
Комбинаторное представление схемы размещения различимых частиц по неразличимым ячейкам
Authors: Enatskaya Nataliya Yur'evna
Published: March 2017

Для схемы размещения различимых частиц по неразличимым ячейкам описаны способы представления, нумерации и перечисления ее исходов в терминах графа переходов, позволяющего, в частности, находить распределения на множестве исходов. Описано несколько методов статистического моделирования исходов схемы.
Предельная теорема для логарифма порядка случайного $A$-отображения
Authors: Yakymiv Arsen Lubomirovich
Published: March 2017

Пусть $\mathfrak S_n$ - полугруппа отображений множества из $n$ элементов в себя, $A$ - некоторое фиксированное подмножество множества натуральных чисел $\mathbb{N}$, $V_n(A)$ - множество отображений из $\mathfrak S_n$, размеры контуров которых принадлежат множеству $A$. Отображения из $V_n(A)$ принято называть $A$-отображениями. Предполагается, что множество $A$ имеет асимптотическую плотность $\varrho>0$, причeм $|k:k\leq n, k\in A, m-k\in A|/n\to\varrho^2$ при $n\to\infty$ равномерно по $m\in[n,Cn]$ для произвольной постоянной $C>1$. Порядком отображения $\alpha\in\mathfrak S_n$ называется число различных элементов в последовательности $\{\alpha, \alpha^2, \alpha^3,…\}$. Через $M(\alpha)$ обозначим порядок отображения $\alpha$. Рассмотрим случайное отображение $\sigma=\sigma_n(A)$, равномерно распределeнное на $V_n(A)$. В настоящей статье показано, что случайная величина $\ln M(\sigma_n(A))$ асимптотически нормальна со средним $l(n)=\sum_{k\in A(\sqrt{n})}\ln(k)/{k}$ и дисперсией $\varrho\ln^3(n)/24$, где $A(t)=\{k: k\in A, k\leq t\}, t>0$. При $A=N$ отсюда следует ивестный результат Б. Харриса (1973).
Serum Carbonic Anhydrase 1 is a Biomarker for Diagnosis of Human Schistosoma mansoni Infection
Authors: Kardoush Manal Ibrahim , Ward Brian J. , Ndao Momar
Published: March 2017

Schistosoma mansoni is a major public health threat in many parts of the world. The current diagnostic tests for schistosomiasis are suboptimal, particularly early in infection, when the parasite burden is low and with reinfection after treatment. We sought to identify novel biomarkers of active infection by studying serum proteins in a mouse model of schistosomiasis followed by confirmation in chronically infected patients. Acute (6 weeks) and chronic (12 weeks) sera from S. mansoni–infected C57Bl/6 mice as well as sera from chronically infected patients were assessed using two proteomic platforms: surface-enhanced, laser desorption and ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Velos Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Several candidate biomarkers were further evaluated by Western blot and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among the most promising was carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), a host protein found primarily in red blood cells and enterocytes that proved to be a negative biomarker for schistosomiasis in both mouse and human samples. Reduced serum CA-1 levels were confirmed by both Western blot (murine and human: both P < 0.001) and ELISA (human: P < 0.01). Western blots of serial mouse sera revealed a progressive reduction in serum CA1 levels over the 12-week infection period. CA1 is a promising negative serum biomarker for the diagnosis of S. mansoni infection.
Oral Pentoxifylline Associated with Pentavalent Antimony: A Randomized Trial for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Brito Graça , Dourado Mayra , Guimarães Luiz Henrique , Meireles Everson , Schriefer Albert , de Carvalho Edgar Marcelino , Machado Paulo Roberto Lima
Published: March 2017

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) by Leishmania braziliensis is associated with decreasing cure rates in Brazil. Standard treatment with pentavalent antimony (Sbv) cures only 50–60% of the cases. The immunopathogenesis of CL ulcer is associated with high interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. Pentoxifylline, a TNF inhibitor, has been successfully used in association with Sbv in mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis. This randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral pentoxifylline plus Sbv versus placebo plus Sbv in patients with CL in Bahia, Brazil. A total of 164 patients were randomized in two groups to receive the combination or the monotherapy. Cure rate 6 months after treatment was 45% in the pentoxifylline group and 43% in the control group. There was also no difference between the groups regarding the healing time (99.7 ± 66.2 days and 98.1 ± 72.7 days, respectively). Adverse events were more common in the pentoxifylline group (37.8%), versus 23% in the placebo group. This trial shows that Sbv combined therapy with pentoxifylline is not more effective than Sbv monotherapy in the treatment of CL caused by L. braziliensis.
Unusual Otolaryngologic Manifestations of Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Lucinda Lucas Resende , Polanski José Fernando
Published: March 2017

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It occurs more frequently in its chronic form, which particularly affects male adults from rural areas. These patients present with pulmonary involvement and systemic symptoms. Skin and mucosal lesions are rather typical and might suggest the diagnosis. The involvement of the upper airway mucosa is common and the patients usually complain of dysphagia and dysphonia. Nonetheless, in endemic areas, physicians should maintain a high level of suspicion even when faced with some atypical symptoms. We present the case of an adult diagnosed with nasopharyngeal paracoccidioidomycosis after presenting with an unusual otolaryngologic syndrome including unilateral soft palate paralysis with velopharyngeal insufficiency and hearing loss secondary to middle ear effusion.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle Components - Part 21: Immunity to Electromagnetic Fields, 10 kHz to 18 GHz, Absorber-Lined Chamber
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: March 2017

This part of SAE J1113 specifies test methods and procedures for
testing electromagnetic immunity (of vehicle radiation sources) of
electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles.
To perform this test method, the electronic module along with the
wiring harness (prototype or standard test harness) and peripheral
devices will be subjected to the electromagnetic disturbance
generated inside an absorber-lined chamber. The electromagnetic
disturbances considered in this part of SAE J1113 are limited to
continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields.

Immunity measurements of complete vehicles are generally only
performed at the vehicle manufacturer. The reasons, for example,
are high costs of a large absorber-lined chamber, preserving the
secrecy of prototypes, or the large number of different vehicle
models. Therefore, for research, development and quality control, a
laboratory measuring method shall be applied by the
manufacturers.

Part 1 of SAE J1113 specifies the general, definitions,
practical use, and basic principles of the test procedure.
Ship Systems and Equipment-Hydraulic Systems-Filter Selection Parameters
Authors:   Ship Systems - System Cleanliness and Filters Committee
Published: March 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice identifies and examines the
various parameters which must be considered in selecting hydraulic
systems filters, their locations within the system and the dirt
capacity of the filter elements.

This document is generally applicable to all ship hydraulic
systems but does not apply to personal or recreational
watercraft.
Clutch Installation and Release Linkage Requirements for Truck and Bus Application
Authors:   Truck and Bus Powertrain Committee
Published: March 2017

Although not limited to, these installations are normally used on trucks considered as Medium Duty (Class 6 and 7), as well as Heavy Duty (Class 8).
Domestic Performance Torque Converter Manufacturing
Authors:   Motor Vehicle Council
Published: March 2017

The scope of this SAE Draft Technical Report is to establish dimensional standards for high-performance domestic torque converter manufacturers. Many torque converter manufacturers build converters to their own standards. Some of these standards may be outside of the specifications that define a quality performance torque converter.
FLANGED 12-POINT SCREWS
Authors:   Fasteners Committee
Published: March 2017

Included in this SAE Standard are the detailed general and dimensional specifications applicable to flanged 12-point screws recognized as SAE Standard and intended for general use in automotive and other ground-based vehicles and industrial equipment. Also included is Appendix A, covering runout sleeve gages and gaging.

The inclusion of dimensional data in this standard is not intended to imply that all of the products described are stock production sizes. Consumers should consult manufacturers concerning availability of product.
O papel dos estados de terceiro mundo na concretização dos Direitos Humanos: coordenando conceitos de soberania, globalização econômica e os direitos humanos
Authors: Moraes George Rezende , Fachin Melina Girardi
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho explora as ambivalências entre os discursos dos direitos humanos e da globalização econômica, tendo em vista que ambos os fenômenos pretendem, via utilização do Estado, estabelecer-se enquanto discurso válido e com força hegemônica. A partir da análise das nuances dos processos de globalização, principalmente daquela de caráter econômico, o trabalho buscará demonstrar, através de revisão bibliográfica, como o Estado foi subvertido para promoção da ideologia neoliberal e como tal mudança na seara internacional e nacional afeta diretamente a promoção dos direitos humanos, principalmente daqueles econômicos, sociais e culturais.
Los delitos de secuestro parental en España
Authors: Calaza Sonia
Published: March 2017

En este trabajo abordaremos el análisis del proceso penal de secuestro parental y trataremos de destacar cuáles son las deficiencias de su regulación sustantiva y procesal para tratar de aproximarlo, en la medida de lo posible, al proceso civil, habida cuenta de la superioridad, prioridad o preferencia, ampliamente reconocida por la doctrina y por la jurisprudencia, de la resolución de este mismo conflicto por la vía de la Jurisdicción civil, mucho más expeditiva, acelerada, ágil, sencilla, rápida, humana y eficaz que la penal.
Crianças e adolescentes na condição de pacientes médicos: desafios da ponderação entre autonomia e vulnerabilidade
Authors: Konder Carlos Nelson de Paula , Teixeira Ana Carolina Brochado
Published: March 2017

Em face da centralidade da pessoa humana no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, rompe como novo sujeito de direito o paciente menor de idade. Antes, o paciente era objeto da relação com seu médico, pois este era o gestor e o responsável pela definição dos rumos do tratamento. Da mesma forma, o menor era tido como sujeito passivo da relação com seus pais, nada definindo no seu processo educacional. Dessa situação de invisibilidade, a tutela do paciente menor de idade tornou-se imperativa, na medida em que o paciente transformou-se no protagonista decisório do seu tratamento e o menor, participante ativo da relação com seus pais. O paciente menor de idade deve ser protegido em suas fragilidades – posto que vulnerável –, mas sem ignorar as manifestações autônomas dos seus desejos.
Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Khaya senegalensis bark extracts on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Aliyu Abdullahi , BR Alkali , MS Yahaya , A Garba , SA Adeleye , MM Gashua , I Sa‘Adatu , V Gugong , AI Daneji
Published: March 2017

The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the bark of Khaya senegalensis were screened for their phytochemical constituents and preliminary antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant on the tested organisms was determined using multiple tubes method.

Alkaloids, anthraquinones, glycosides, tannins and steroids were detected in both extracts.

The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the plant showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli, with the aqueous extracts having more activity than those of ethanol. However the growth of P. mirabilis was not inhibited by either of the extracts. The MIC value was determined to be 50 mg/ml for B. subtilis and E. coli. The results are suggestive of considerable antibacterial activity of K. senegalensis and may justify its use in the treatment of bacterial diseases by herbalists or traditional healers.
An ethnomedicinal survey of medicinal plants from a sacred forest of Western Odisha, India.
Authors: Pradhan Antaryami , Mishra Satyendra Prasad , Behera Niranjan
Published: March 2017

Sacred forests are being protected by means of cultural and religious beliefs by the local communities and act as people participatory conservation sites for several important medicinal plants. Sacred forests are one of the oldest forms of biodiversity conservation sites still effectively managed by local people and act as in-situ conservation sites. In this context, the present study was carried out in Andhari sacred forest of Jharsuguda district as to collect the information regarding the traditional ethno medicinal knowledge acquired by the local medical practitioners. Only few indigenous people have adequate knowledge regarding the medicinal plants and their uses. These traditional knowledge were rapidly degrading and if not documented will be lost forever.  The present study reveals the presence of 91 plants species belonging to 46 families being used by the practitioners to treat various diseases like dysentery, diarrhea, indigestion, worm infection, wound healing, headache, stomach disorders, Rheumatic disorders, snake bite, poisonous bite, menstrual problem etc. This ethnomedicinal information further needs to be validated by clinical trials for their safe uses. The study also reported the existence of 8 RET (Rare, Endangered and Threatened) medicinally important species which makes this site a biological hotspot and needs further effective conservation efforts.
Phytochemical analysis and DPPH scavenging activity of Combretum punctatum var. squamosum (Combretaceae), an ethnomedicinal plant of Mizoram.
Authors: Thanzami Kawl , Kakoti Bibhuti Bhusan , Famkima Christopher VL , Lalhlenmawia H
Published: March 2017

The main objective of the study is to determine the phytochemical constituents and the DPPH scavenging activity of the aqueous extract of Combretum punctatum var. squamosum.  The phytochemical screening revealed that the crude aqueous extract contained phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols and diterpenes while alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids were found to be absent. The total phenol and flavonoid content in the crude aqueous extract was found to be comparatively high, i.e. 111 mg/g GAE and 120.99 mg/g QE respectively. It was also found that the % DPPH scavenging activity was very high and comparable to the standard used. The IC50 value of the aqueous extract was found to be 1.76 mg/ml which is lower but comparable to the IC50 value of the standard.
Phytochemical analysis, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity of Acalypha indica leaf extracts in different organic solvents
Authors: Sudhakar Chekuri , Vankudothu Narendar , Panjala Shivaprasad , Babu Rao Nirmala , Anupalli Roja Rani
Published: March 2017

The herb Acalypha indica which belongs to Euphorbiaceae family has multiple medicinal properties which include anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-helmintic, anti-cancerous, anti-venom, and neuro-protective activity. The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical, antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activity of Acalypha indica leaves extracts in different solvent extractions like methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. Fresh leaves of the plant were collected and shade dried. Dried leaves were milled to obtain powder. Powder was subjected to soxhlet extraction using solvents and extracts were successively obtained. Phytochemical analysis was conducted following standard methods.  Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Alkaloids, Phenols, Saponins, Flavanoids and Amino acids. Leaf extract of methonal have shown the highest anti-oxidation capacity than hexane, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. Anti-microbial activity has been performed on microbes like Bacillus sps, E.coli, Psuedomonas sps and Streptococcus sps. A highest value of zone of inhibition was found in methanol extract against E.coli. These results provide evidence that Acalypha indica leaf extract possesses vital phytochemicals, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Hence this plant can be studied further for drug analysis for finding potent medicines for diseases.
Evaluation of total phenolics, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of rhizome extracts from select Zingiberaceae species in South India
Authors: Tumbath Soumya , Theyyankandi Lakshmipriya , Pullampara Rajamma Jayasree , Panickassery Ramakrishnan Manish Kumar
Published: March 2017

Zingiberaceae family members are well known for their ethnobotanical diversity and medicinal importance.  This study aimed to evaluate total phenolic content, antioxidant and antiproliferative capacity of five different organic solvent extracts prepared from the rhizomes of Curcuma mutabilis (CM), Curcuma haritha (CH), Curcuma neilgherrensis (CN) and Zingiber anamalayanum (ZA), four hitherto unexplored Zingiberaceae species.  Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH radical scavenging assay were used to determine respectively the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity.  The antiproliferative activity of the extracts were tested against four human cancer cell lines –  K562,  REH, Nalm6 and MCF7 to ascertain the IC50 values.  Based on total phenolic content, extracts were classified into high-H (> 150 mg GAE/g), medium-M (50-150 mg GAE/g) and low-L (< 50 mg GAE/g) categories.  Likewise, percentages of DPPH scavenging activity of extracts were also grouped into high-H (> 50%), medium-M (25 – 50%) and low-L (< 25%) categories.  Ten of the twenty extracts exhibited strong cytotoxicity with an IC50 value less than 30 μg/mL.  To our knowledge, this is the first report on quantitative assessment of total phenolics, antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of organic solvent extracts of rhizomes from the above mentioned plants.
Evaluation of central nervous system depressant activity of methanolic and petroleum ether extract of Manilkara zapota leaves (in vivo)
Authors: - Manirujjaman , Collet Trudi
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the central nervous system (CNS) -depressant activity of methanolic and petroleum ether extracts of leaves obtained from Manilkara zapota (Sapotaceae) in vivo. CNS-depressant action was evaluated by observing the effects of plant extracts on both exploratory and spontaneous locomotor activity in mice using open field and hole cross tests respectively. The extracts were found to exhibit CNS-depressant activity in a dose-dependent manner. In the open field test, both the methanolic and petroleum ether extracts reduced the exploratory behavior of mice significantly (p<0.05). Although the extracts reduced locomotor activity in the hole cross test, the results were found to be insignificant. Overall, these findings indicate that both types of extracts derived from M. zapota leaves possess CNS-depressant activity.
Anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of the antioxidant extract from Baccharis trimera Less. (DC)
Authors: Nunes Otalíbio Castiglioni , Jamal Claudia Masrouah , Kitagawa Rodrigo Rezende , Gonçalves Rita de Cássia Ribeiro
Published: March 2017

One of the main risk factors for the development of stomach ulcers and cancer is infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which is accompanied by considerable oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of B. trimera hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and aqueous (AqF), hexanic (HxF), and acetonitrile/chloroform (ACF) fractions, as well as their oxidant potentials.

A preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was assessed using a microdilution assay. After exposure to the investigated samples, the bacterial morphology was analysed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The antioxidant activity was evaluated in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 •- ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hydroxyl radical (HO • ) and nitric oxide (NO • ) assays.

The highest concentration of polyphenols was found in HE, the highest   concentration of flavonoids was found in ACF, and of tannins was found in AqF. In the anti-H. pylori assay, the MIC 90 was 512 µg/mL for HE and 1024 µg/mL for ACF, which was bactericidal. The SEM showed morphological alterations such as cell lysis in the tested samples. In the O 2 •- inhibition assay, the EC 50 of AqF was 5.85 ± 0.86. In the HOCl, HO • radical, NO • and H 2 O 2 scavenging assays, the best results were in ACF, with an EC 50 of 15.50 ± 0.80, 2.90 ± 0.48, 132.13 ± 7.38 and 66.70 ± 2.30 µg/mL, respectively. The analyses indicate that compounds present in B. trimera, especially in HE and ACF, are promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by H. pylori.
Fire-regime variability impacts forest carbon dynamics for centuries to millennia
Authors: Hudiburg Tara W. , Higuera Philip E. , Hicke Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Wildfire is a dominant disturbance agent in forest ecosystems, shaping important biogeochemical processes including net carbon (C) balance. Long-term monitoring and chronosequence studies highlight a resilience of biogeochemical properties to large, stand-replacing, high-severity fire events. In contrast, the consequences of repeated fires or temporal variability in a fire regime (e.g., the characteristic timing or severity of fire) are largely unknown, yet theory suggests that such variability could strongly influence forest C trajectories for millennia. Here we combine a 4500-year paleoecological record of fire activity with ecosystem modeling to investigate how fire-regime variability impacts soil C and net ecosystem carbon balance. We found that C trajectories in a paleo-informed scenario differed significantly from an equilibrium scenario (with a constant fire return interval), largely due to variability in the timing and severity of past fires. Paleo-informed scenarios contained multi-century periods of positive and negative net ecosystem C balance, with magnitudes significantly larger than observed under the equilibrium scenario. Further, this variability created legacies in soil C trajectories that lasted for millennia, and was of a magnitude great than simulated under an equilibrium, climate-warming scenario (i.e., 2 °C growing season warming). Our results imply that fire-regime variability is a major driver of C trajectories in stand-replacing fire regimes. Predicting carbon balance in these systems, therefore, will depend strongly on the ability of ecosystem models to represent a realistic range of fire-regime variability over the past several centuries to millennia.
Possibilities of further improvement of 1-second fluxgate
variometers
Authors: Marusenkov Andriy
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The paper discusses the possibility to improve temperature and noise characteristics of fluxgate variometers. The new fluxgate sensor with a Co-based amorphous ring core is described. This sensor is capable to improve the signal-noise ratio at the recording short-period geomagnetic variations. Besides the sensor performance, it is very important to create the high stability compensation field, which is canceling the main Earth magnetic field inside the magnetic cores. For this purpose the new digitally controlled current source with low noise level and high temperature stability is developed.
Multiscaled Solitary Waves
Authors: Derzho Oleg G.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. It is analytically shown how competing nonlinearities yield new multiscaled (multi humped) structures for internal solitary waves in shallow fluids. These solitary waves only exist for large amplitudes beyond the limit of applicability of the KdV equation or its usual extensions. Multiscaling phenomenon exists or do not exist for almost identical density profiles. Trapped core inside the wave prevents appearance of such multiple scales within the core area. It is anticipated that multiscaling phenomena exist for solitary waves in various physical origins.
El Diccionario valenciano-castellano (1851) de Josep Escrig i la proposta de recuperació del model ortogràfic tradicional
Authors: Guardiola i Savall Maria Isabel
Published: March 2017

El Diccionario valenciano-castellano (1851) de Josep Escrig ha estat una de les obres més vituperades en les distintes investigacions sobre la història de la lexicografia catalana. Ara bé, diversos estudis actuals mostren que moltes d’aquestes idees són fruit de prejudicis i amaguen un examen de l’obra poc rigorós. En aquest article comentarem la proposta ortogràfica tradicional del diccionari de Josep Escrig (1851), un mèrit més de l’obra que contribueix a refermar-ne els valors.
Palhaço Fenomenológico
Authors: Libanio Marcelo De Almeida
Published: March 2017

Este artigo apresenta a introdução a Poética do Palhaço, minha tese de doutoramento apresentada em 2016 à RCSSD, Universidade de Londres. Esta tese propõe uma poética do palhaço com base na análise fenomenológica dos princípios fundamentais da prática palhaço. Este artigo em particular, procura relacionar esses princípios ao conceito de desajustamento (misfitness). Na prossecução desta hipótese de desajustamento, o artigo examina o palhaço como um fazedor pragmático - a premissa inicial é: o palhaço é o que o palhaço faz. Não é através de essência, mas através das práticas da palhaçada que podemos identificar o que "faz" um palhaço: não se trata do ‘palhaço interior’, mas sim do ‘palhaço exterior’ - o palhaço como a manifestação de um ‘ser-no-mundo’, no sentido Heideggeriano.
How to Understand the Complexity of Endometriosis-Related Pain
Authors: Chiantera Vito , Abesadze Elene , Mechsner Sylvia
Published: March 2017

Pain is the most important symptom in patients with endometriosis, and its management is truly challenging. Due to the different localization of the endometriotic lesions in the pelvis, patients suffer from visceral and somatic pain or both at the same time. There are specific and unspecific symptoms characterized by endometriosis. Specific symptoms include dysmenorrhea, cyclic and acyclic pelvic pain, dyschezia, dysuria and dyspareunia. There is also a wide range of unspecific symptoms, such as unspecific bowel and bladder complaints, the emission of pain in the legs, vegetative concomitants like vomiting, emesis, gastric disorders, headaches, dizziness, painful ovulation, irregular pelvic pain, lower back pain, chronic fatigue. These symptoms can be both cyclic and acyclic, and in most cases, they are permanent.

Visceral and somatic pain are completely different pain subtypes and can therefore be an explanation for the wide variety of symptoms. The close interaction between visceral sensory nerve fibers and the autonomic ganglia explain the high rate of concomitant vegetative reactions, such as vomiting and orthostatic dysregulation. In general, pain generation is a complex interplay of peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms. Accordingly, the pain produced in endometriotic lesions is the result of mediating substances, nerve fibers, cytokine-releasing immune cells and macrophages synthesis. These interactions seem to stimulate the neurogenic inflammatory process and sensitization of the peripheral nerves.

Furthermore, the disruption of the input on the level of the spinal cord and the recognition of the pain in the brain may lead to exaggerated responses known as central hyperalgesia. Hormones and psychological factors influence the pain sensation and make the status of each patient very individual. Consequently, the involvement of professional pain management along with an implementation of pain-coping strategies in the patient's everyday life are obligatory in chronic pain situations. An additional osteopathic treatment with a manual resolve of muscle blockades to avoid secondary “pain intensifying” changes of the pelvic floor (tension) or malposition through relieving posture, is also recommended.

Pain management in patients with endometriosis is very complex and requires an individual treatment strategy for each patient to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. This information proves that it is hard to break the cycle of pain when chronic pain syndrome is already apparent.
Leiomyoma of the renal capsule: case report and literature review
Authors: Filianoti Alessio , Paganelli Aurelio , Bassi PierFrancesco , Simone Giuseppe , Ranieri Antonio
Published: March 2017

Introduction:

Mesenchymal tumors are an exceptional finding in the urinary tract and renal leiomyoma is even more rare. They are usually discovered incidentally during ultrasonography examinations or autopsy. Sometimes they are clinically symptomatic with hematuria, flank pain, or palpable mass. Till today, it is still difficult to make a diagnosis of leiomyoma using the radiological examinations. Although conventional imaging has a high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of both retroperitoneal and renal masses, the diagnosis is based on histological examination, due to the poor discrimination accuracy between different retroperitoneal tumors.

Case description:

We report a case of renal leiomyoma in a 47-year-old woman, who incidentally discovered a retroperitoneal mass with an abdominal ultrasound scheduled for a conventional follow-up schedule of a mammary neoplasm. Partial nephrectomy was carried out with an open flank surgical approach and the diagnosis was “leiomyoma of the renal capsule”. Four years after surgery, the patient is disease-free.

Conclusions:

Renal leiomyomas are rare, benign, nonmetastasizing tumors with a good prognosis after surgical treatment. At present, the differential diagnosis is still possible by histopathological examination.
Diagnóstico da variabilidade espacial e manejo da fertilidade do solo no Cerrado
Authors: Santana da Silva Carneiro Jefferson , Gomes de Faria Álvaro José , Ribeiro Fidelis Rodrigo , Pereira da Silva Neto Sabino , Dos Santos Antonio Clementino , Ribeiro da Silva Rubens
Published: March 2017

O conhecimento da variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos do solo permite um manejo mais eficiente da fertilidade. Objetivou-se caracterizar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos e realizar o manejo da fertilidade de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico no cerrado piauiense por meio das ferramentas da geoestatística. Para a realização do estudo foram retiradas 100 amostras de solo na camada de 0,00-0,20 m, em grid de 100 x 30 m. Foram avaliados o pH, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, alumínio trocável, acidez potencial, capacidade de troca de cátions total, capacidade de trocas de cátions efetiva, soma de bases, saturação por alumínio e saturação por bases. Todas as variáveis apresentaram dependência espacial, indicando que o número de amostra foi suficiente para mapear a área em estudo, utilizando-se técnicas da geoestatística. O uso da geoestatística e a elaboração dos mapas de isolinhas por krigagem permitem a visualização das zonas de manejo da fertilidade do solo onde ocorrem os maiores e menores níveis dos atributos químicos avaliados. Além da elaboração dos mapas diagnóstico da fertilidade e da recomendação de fertilizantes e corretivos. A geoestatística pode ser usada como ferramenta para estimar os indicadores da fertilidade do solo, possibilitando orientar o manejo da fertilidade para áreas específicas.
Gender differences in career dissatisfaction among Pennsylvanian physicians
Authors: Vick Brandon
Published: March 2017

Objective: The physician workforce is quickly changing from one that was once male dominated to one that is more gender equal. The relationship between being female and physician career satisfaction is unclear despite a large body of research on the subject. I analyze the relationship between gender, career dissatisfaction, and plans to leave patient care. Female-male differences are calculated for various demographic, specialty, and practice setting subgroups of physicians; particular attention is paid to how various factors interact with gender.Methods: Data comes from the 2012 Pennsylvania Health Workforce Survey of Physicians. I use multivariate, logistic regression to estimate associations between a number of covariates, including gender, and two outcomes: (1) career dissatisfaction, and (2) plans to leave patient care.Results: Female physicians have 12% lower odds than males of reporting career dissatisfaction but no statistically significant difference in plans to leave patient care. Practicing in a hospital setting and in a rural county is associated with higher odds of dissatisfaction among male physicians but lower dissatisfaction among female physicians. Although female physicians own their practice at much lower rates, female owners have much lower odds of planning to leave patient care.Conclusions: Factors associated with career dissatisfaction and plans to leave patient care affect male and female physicians differently, across race, rural practice, specialty, and practice ownership. Policy and research related to physician retention and quality of care should consider the interaction between gender and these factors in the future.
Oral health beliefs and behaviors of nurse and nurse practitioner students using the HU-DBI inventory: An opportunity for oral health vicarious learning
Authors: Walker Kimberly K. , Jackson Richard D.
Published: March 2017

Background: Oral health access to care issues are resulting in curricular changes to train nursing students as oral health educators and providers. However, little data are available concerning their personal oral health beliefs/behaviors. The study purpose was to gather information from nurse and nurse practitioner students regarding their oral health beliefs and behaviors.Methods: Using the Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI), survey data were gathered from nurse and nurse practitioner students as well as dental hygiene students as controls concerning their oral health beliefs and behaviors.Results: Mean HU-DBI scores were higher among nurse practitioner than nursing students, indicating more positive beliefs/behaviors, but both were lower than dental hygiene students. Both nurse and nurse practitioner students reported significantly fewer dental visits and some poorer hygiene practices than controls. Additionally, nursing students were more likely to believe that their teeth were worsening despite brushing.Conclusions: Assessment of personal oral health beliefs/behaviors should occur early in nursing education with mentoring so that optimal modeling can positively impact patients’ oral health. Oral health education opportunities within and among disciplines are discussed.
Global Brand Identity as a Network of Localized Meanings
Authors: Gunawan Elizabeth S. , Van den Hoven Paul
Published: March 2017

In this article, we develop a semiotic model to analyze advertisement glocalization. This model focuses on the mental representations that local audiences build of a “global” brand identity. We demonstrate how this model fills up gaps left by a popular marketing model for global advertising. We argue that the seemingly linear three- step marketing model implies several reciprocal processes in which meaning is developed and determined. This semiotic reinterpretation of the marketing model explains how a global brand identity maintains a dynamic relation with the actual brand identity that local customers construe. To illustrate the dynamics of the semiotic model, we analyzed localizations in the Snickers campaign “You’re not you when you’re hungry.” Because the semiotic model elaborates the dynamics between the professionals’ discourse used in developing a campaign and the localized “global” brand identities brought about in receiving the campaign, the model helps to explain anthropological dynamics in designing campaigns, the arising of locally differentiated “global” brand identities that are the result of global campaigns and the dynamic development of global campaigns.
Obstacles to Low Quality Water Irrigation of Food Crops in Morogoro, Tanzania
Authors: Samson Suzana , Mdegela Robinson H. , Permin Anders , Mlangwa James E. D. , Mahonge Christopher P.
Published: March 2017

Knowledge on users’ and regulators’ views regarding obstacles on the use of low quality water forms the basis for the improvement of water reuse in food crops irrigation. A qualitative study was conducted to assess the obstacles to the use of low quality water for irrigation of food crops in urban and peri-urban areas in Tanzania. The study considered Morogoro urban and peri-urban areas as a case study due to the existence of paddy and vegetable production using the effluent from the waste stabilisation ponds. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with 22 key informants, and 4 focus group discussions with farmers. Content analysis was used in this study. Findings show that domestic wastewater was poorly disposed, waste stabilisation ponds as treatment facilities had limited management, and quality monitoring of effluent from the waste stabilisation ponds was limited to permit safe use of the effluent in food crops irrigation. The government officials were of the view that the effluent from the waste stabilisation ponds should not be used for leafy vegetables irrigation while farmers viewed vegetables farming as a quick source of income and livelihood strategy for many years. The study therefore suggests that the relevant agencies should improve the treatment of wastewater and quality monitoring of the effluent for safe use of low quality water for food crops irrigation in urban and peri-urban areas.
Nurses’ generalized self-efficacy in relation to their workplace
Authors: Kalandyk H. , Penar-Zadarko B. , Krajewska-Kułak E.
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Self-efficacy in nurses appears to be of great importance, and is one of the indicators of behaviour Purpose: Nurses’ self-assessment of their generalized self-efficacy in relation to their workplace. Material and methods: The study involved random sample of 570 nurses. A diagnostic survey was carried out using the standardized Generalized SelfEfficacy Scale (GSES). Results: The average value of self-efficacy amounted to 29.3±30. Among the respondents, 56.8% represented category of “high efficacy”, whereas others were of “average efficacy” (32.3%) and “low efficacy” (10.9%). The overall assessment of the nursing profession was higher in participants who presented higher values on GSES scale (R=0.12). The average general level of satisfaction in terms of 20 aspects of professional work was connected with self-efficacy which proved statistically significant. Analysis of self-efficacy score did not indicate statistically significant differences among workplaces. Conclusion: Over half of the participants represented the category of “high efficacy”. The group of nurses employed in district hospitals presented the least instances of low self-efficacy assessment. Individuals who were satisfied with their nursing professional development opportunities had a higher self-efficacy. The higher the perception of self-efficacy, the higher the workplace satisfaction. The average level of satisfaction resulting from various aspects of nursing profession depended on the perception of selfefficacy in the following areas of assessment: professional development opportunity, decisionmaking autonomy, sense of purpose at work, and, to a lesser extent, occupational safety, maintaining work-life balance, and the possibility of communicating with people.
Procesos urbanos de posguerra: concepciones para una ciudad retal: Varsovia
Authors: López Jiménez Jose Maria
Published: March 2017

El trabajo urbanístico sobre espacios obsoletos, arraigados en las ciudades, siempre ha venido formulado mediante procesos urbanos cambiantes. En determinados momentos el urbanismo ha sido golpeado por acontecimientos concurrentes en tiempo, modo y velocidad con una destrucción sistémica de la ciudad. El presente documento se centra en dar a conocer, partiendo de la percepción del ambiente histórico, las diferentes soluciones planteadas a la hora de re-capacitar el urbanismo. Partiendo del conocimiento teórico de determinadas líneas de pensamiento, convergentes en una misma época, el siglo XX, se pretende ver tanto su confluencia como su proyección urbana en el desarrollo de la recomposición de los fragmentos de ciudad. La elección de Varsovia se fundamenta en usar como base un modelo cuya extensa y masiva devastación, permitió planear con una incesante lluvia de novedosas y diversas ideas caracterizadas por las concepciones internacionales coetáneas originando un nuevo modelo urbano, tránsito entre una ciudad compacta a una ciudad diluida.

El treball urbanístic sobre espais obsolets, lligats a les ciutats, sempre ha vingut formulat mitjançant processos urbans canviants.En determinats moments l'urbanisme ha estat colpejat per successos concurrents en el temps, mode i velocitat amb una destrucció sistèmica de la ciutat. El present document es centra en donar a conèixer, partint de la percepció de l'ambient històric, les diferents solucions plantejades a l'hora de re-capacitar l'urbanisme.Partint del coneixement teòric de determinades línies de pensament, convergents en una mateixa època, el segle XX, es pretén veure tant la seva confluència com la seva projecció urbana en el desenvolupament de la recomposició dels fragments de ciutat.L'elecció de Varsòvia es fonamenta en usar com a base un model caracteritzat per una extensa i massiva devastació, la cual va permetre planejar com una incessant pluja de novedoses i diverses idees caracteritzades per les concepcions internacionals coetànies originant un nou model urbà, trànsit entre una ciutat compacta a una ciutat diluïda.

The Urban Planning around obsolete spaces rooted in the cities it has always been made by changing urban processes. At certain times urbanism has been hit by concurrent events in time, manner and speed with a systemic destruction of the city. This paper focuses on publicizing, based on the perception of historical environment, the different solutions proposed at the time of re-training planning. Based on the theoretical knowledge of certain lines of thought, converged in the same time, the twentieth century, is intended to see as much as their urban confluence projection in the development of the recomposition the fragments of the city. The choice of Warsaw is based on using as a basis a model whose extensive and massive devastation allowed planning an incessant rain of new and different ideas characterized by contemporaneous international conceptions causing a new urban model, transit between a compact city to a dilute city
Is rumination a risk and a protective factor?
Authors: Harding Kaitlin A. , Mezulis Amy
Published: March 2017

High trait positive affect (PA) protects against depressive symptoms through cognitive responses such as rumination. However, how rumination in response to positive emotions (positive rumination) protects against depressive symptoms while rumination in response to negative emotions (brooding) predicts depressive symptoms is poorly understood. We hypothesized that (a) positive rumination and brooding represent a shared cognitive process of affect amplification on distinct affective content and (b) less brooding and greater positive rumination would distinctly mediate greater trait PA in predicting fewer depressive symptoms. Our prospective design among 321 adults first compared three confirmatory factor analysis models of the relationship between brooding and positive rumination. We then utilized structural equation modeling to examine whether brooding and positive rumination mediated the relationship between trait PA and depressive symptoms, controlling for baseline depressive symptoms, trait negative affect (NA), and the distinct effects of each mediator. Results supported a conceptualization of brooding and positive rumination as distinct but related constructs, represented as a common process of affect amplification to explain how rumination may amplify resilience or risk in predicting depressive symptoms (χ = 195.07, Δχ = 8.78, p < .001, CFI = .91, RMSEA = .07). Furthermore, positive rumination and brooding were distinctly predicted by trait PA, suggesting that trait PA exerts distinct effects on protective and risk forms of rumination. Less brooding mediated the relationship between greater trait PA and fewer depressive symptoms (β = -.04, p = .012), but positive rumination did not (β = .02, p = .517). Rumination may represent a protective and a risk factor, which may better enable individuals who brood to redirect their rumination on positive content and thereby reduce their risk of depressive symptoms.
Minimum security requirements for federal information and information systems
Authors:   National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
Published: March 2017

FIPS 200 is the second standard that was specified by the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996 (FISMA). It is an integral part of the risk management framework that the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed to assist federal agencies in providing levels of information security based on levels of risk. FIPS 200 specifies minimum security requirements for federal information and information systems and a risk-based process for selecting the security controls necessary to satisfy the minimum requirements.