bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grasses (Poaceae) From Senegal: New Records Checklist, Biogeographical Affinities and Biological Types
Authors: Ngom Ablaye , Mbaye Mame Samba , Camara Abdoul Aziz , Gueye Madiop , Noba Kandioura
Published: July 2020

Poaceae is one of the most diverse families in Senegal's flora after Fabaceae. It has been the subject of several studies but many species were not taken into account in the evaluation of the current state of its diversity. This paper provides a checklist of new grasses encountered in Senegal. After a detailed scrutiny of the literature and herbarium specimens, we ascertain their identity and report them as new records to the grass flora of Senegal. A total of 24 new species have been listed belonging to 15 genera of which the most represented is Sporobolus with 5 species. The other genera such as Digitaria, Eragrostis, Perotis, Setaria, and Trichanthecium on the one hand and Aristida, Chloris, Cymbopogon, Enteropogon, Leptochloa, Oryza, Panicum, Schizachyrium, Urochloa on the other hand have two and one species respectively. The chorological spectrum shows the dominance of African species (45.83%) followed by those of Afro-Asian origin (33.33%). Like the overall flora of Senegal, this new grass flora is of tropical nature with a preponderance of Sudano-Zambesian species (50%) followed by Guinean- Congolese-Sudano-Zambesian species (29.17%) at continental scale. Biological types based on the life form shows therophytes (62.50%) are predominant, followed by hemicryptophytes (29.17%) and geophytes (8.33%). Taking these new data into account would allow a more precise determination of the Senegalese grass flora composition.
Impacts Socio-Ã‰conomiques Du DiabÃ¨te Chez Les DiabÃ©tiques Suivis Ã€ Porto-Novo En 2016
Authors: AdÃ©bayo Alassani , Ibrahim Mama Cisse , Jules Gninkoun , Fabien Gounongbe , LÃ©opold Codjo , Prosper Gandaho
Published: July 2020

Le diabÃ¨te est une affection qui pose un problÃ¨me de santÃ© publique avec des complications sur divers organes. Son impact socio-Ã©conomique est peu Ã©tudiÃ© au BÃ©nin. Lâ€™objectif de la prÃ©sente Ã©tude Ã©tait de dÃ©crire lâ€™impact socio-Ã©conomique du diabÃ¨te chez les diabÃ©tiques suivis Ã  lâ€™hÃ´pital universitaire de Porto-Novo en 2016. Il sâ€™est agi dâ€™une Ã©tude transversale et descriptive allant du 7 Novembre au 23 DÃ©cembre 2016. La population dâ€™Ã©tude Ã©tait constituÃ©e des diabÃ©tiques des deux sexes, Ã¢gÃ©s dâ€™au moins 18 ans et ayant donnÃ© leur consentement. Lâ€™Ã©chantillonnage a Ã©tÃ© exhaustif. Lâ€™impact social et Ã©conomique du diabÃ¨te a Ã©tÃ© apprÃ©ciÃ© grÃ¢ce Ã  un questionnaire prÃ©-Ã©tabli. La saisie et lâ€™analyse des donnÃ©es ont Ã©tÃ© faites par les logiciels EPI DATA 3.1, EPI INFO 7 et STATA 11. Au total, 133 diabÃ©tiques ont Ã©tÃ© recrutÃ©s pour lâ€™Ã©tude. Lâ€™Ã¢ge moyen est de 54Â±8 ans. Il y avait une prÃ©dominance fÃ©minine avec un sexe ratio de 0,6. Sur le plan social, 26,3 % avaient une attÃ©nuation des relations avec le conjoint, 83,5 % nâ€™arrivaient pas Ã  remplir les besoins de la famille et 69,9 % avaient une altÃ©ration de la qualitÃ© de vie. Sur le plan Ã©conomique, 94 % avaient des absences rÃ©pÃ©tÃ©es au travail, 68,4 % avaient diminuÃ© les heures de travail, 54,3 % ont signalÃ© une diminution de leur revenu mensuel et tous avaient signalÃ© lâ€™augmentation de leurs dÃ©penses mensuelles. Le diabÃ¨te a un impact socio-Ã©conomique nÃ©gatif important sur les diabÃ©tiques Ã  Porto-Novo. La prise en charge des diabÃ©tiques devrait aborder ce volet.
Diabetes is a disease that poses a public health problem with complications on various organs. Its socio-economic impact is little studied in Benin. The objective of this study was to describe the socio-economic impact of diabetes in diabetics followed in teaching hospital of Porto-Novo in 2016. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study from November 7 to December 23, 2016. The study population consisted of diabetics of both sexes who have age at least 18 years old and have given their consent. The sampling was exhaustive. The social and economic impact of diabetes was assessed using a pre-established questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done by software EPI DATA 3.1, EPI INFO 7 and STATA 11. A total of 133 diabetics were recruited for the study. The average age is 54 Â± 8 years. The sex ratio men/women is 0.6. On a social level, 26.3% had a weakening of relationships with the spouse, 83.5% could not meet the needs of the family and 69.9% had an impairment in the quality of life. Economically, 94% had repeated absences fromwork, 68.4% had reduced work hours, 54.3% reported a decrease in their monthly income and all had reported an increase in their monthly expenses. Diabetes has a significant negative socio-economic impact on diabetics in Porto-Novo. The management of diabetics should address this aspect.
FATORES QUE INFLUENCIAM OS COMPRADORES ON-LINE A CONFIAREM NO SITE
Authors: Eckert Alex , Milan Gabriel Sperandio , Roy Gobinda
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as relações entre a qualidade das informações, a privacidade e a segurança, bem como sua influência na confiança depositada no site de compras on-line, entre consumidores. Para atingir este objetivo, elaborou-se um modelo teórico, seguido de uma survey com uma amostra composta consumidores que já realizaram compras on-line, sendo os dados testados estatisticamente através da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE). Os resultados demonstram que a qualidade das informações do site e a privacidade percebida afetam positivamente tanto a segurança percebida, além de também impactarem positivamente na confiança depositada no site.
Interaksi Faktor Genetik dan Lingkungan pada Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: N.H Frida Ayu , Setiawati Yunias
Published: July 2020

Attention Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) merupakan gangguan neurodevelopmental yang ditandai dengan kesulitan memusatkan perhatian disertai hiperaktivitas dan impulsivitas, yang terjadi . Prevalensi global cukup tinggi diantara anak-anak, dan lebih dari setengahnya berlanjut hingga dewasa. Faktor genetik memegang peranan penting pada ADHD. Polimorfisme sejumlah gen ditengarai berperan pada sintesa molekuler bermasalah pada ADHD. Faktor lingkungan juga berhubungan dengan risiko ADHD. Paparan faktor lingkungan dapat memoderasi faktor genetik pada ADHD, dan demikian juga faktor genetik menyumbang kerentanan pada individu ADHD saat terpapar faktor risiko dari lingkungan. Interaksi faktor genetik dan lingkungan juga berkontribusi terhadap risiko ADHD, meski mekanisme interaksi kedua faktor ini belum diketahui secara pasti.
Az egészségtudatos élelmiszer-fogyasztás netnográfiai vizsgálata a digitális korban
Authors: Fehér András , Farkas Noémi Dóra , Boros Henrietta Mónika , Véha Miklós , Szakály Zoltán
Published: July 2020

Az egészségtudatos életmód és az egészségesnek vélt élelmiszerek fogyasztása globális és hazai értelemben is egyre jelentősebb szegmensként jelenik meg. A digitalizációnak köszönhetően új és újszerű lehetőségek széles tárháza áll a fogyasztó rendelkezésére a számára hasznos információk megszerzésére. A kutatásunkban a legfőbb célkitűzésünk, hogy felmérjük a digitalizáció hatásait az egészségtudatos élelmiszer-fogyasztás terén. Jelen cikkben egy netnográfiai megfigyelés segítségével vonjuk górcső alá a közösségi média egyes platformjait (Facebook, Instagram és Youtube) és vizsgáljuk az influenszerek szerepét az egészségtudatos élelmiszer-fogyasztás esetében. A szekunder kutatás során tisztáztuk az alapvető definíciókat és feltérképeztük a legfrissebb és közeljövőbeli trendeket. A primer kutatásnál a netnográfiai felmérést két szakaszban bonyolítottuk le (2018. szeptember, október és 2019. december). A cél a két szakasz megfigyelési eredményeinek összehasonlítása mellett a kutatás kiszélesítése volt. A megfigyelésünket kizárólag magyar nyelvű oldalakon hajtottuk végre. Elemeztük az egészséges táplálkozással kapcsolatos Facebook-oldalakat és -csoportokat. A vizsgált témakörrel (pl. „egészséges életmód” és „tudatos táplálkozás”) kapcsolatos kifejezéseknél az esetek többségében ugyanazokat az oldalakat azonosítottuk. Tehát egy adott oldal több keresőkifejezésnél is megjelent. A csoportoknál pedig jellemző, hogy a csoport létrehozói egyszerre 4-5 kulcsszót is megadnak a címben. Felmértük az egészségtudatos, „mentes” és növényi alapú táplálkozással kapcsolatos ékezetes és ékezet nélküli hashtagek említés-számát. A vizsgált hashtagek többségénél megállapítottuk azt a tendenciát, hogy azok ékezetes változatai az elmúlt egy évben nagyobb növekedést értek el, mint az ékezet nélküliek. Továbbá rendszereztük a Youtube-csatornával rendelkező magyar influenszereket. Az eredmények alapján kijelenthető, hogy hazánkban az egészséges táplálkozás és egészséges életmód témakörökben viszonylag kevés influenszer működtet nagyobb feliratkozószámmal rendelkező csatornát. Összességében elmondható, hogy a közösségi médiában az egészséges életmód említése komplex módon érvényesül, és kevésbé szűkíthető le csupán az egészségtudatos élelmiszer-fogyasztásra.

JEL besorolás: M31
Australian Construction and Demolition Waste Management System in Australia: Investigation of Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Shooshtarian Salman , Maqsood Tayyab , Wong Peter SP , Khalfan Malik , Yang Rebecca J.
Published: July 2020

Increased construction activities in Australia have led to the generation of a massive volume of construction and demolition (C&D) waste annually. Management of this volume of waste requires an effective waste framework. The literature reported that the current Australian waste framework does not meet expectations and needs immediate improvements. This study was therefore conducted to seek the key C&D stakeholders' opinion about various issues identified in this waste stream. The specific objectives of this study are identification of the main barriers to effective C&D waste management, the impact of current regulations and opportunities to enhance the current C&D waste management system. A survey was conducted in 2019 to capture the stakeholders' perception. 132 participants from various industries and government agencies based in various Australian jurisdictions took part in the survey. The key results showed that the main barriers towards an effective management system are "overregulation, tough acceptance criteria, and increased testing requirements", "lack of local market" and "culture, poor education and low acceptance". Furthermore, a low number of participants indicated that the current legislation encourages waste recovery activities. The main areas of improvements included "providing a guideline that determines the accepted level of contamination for reusing C&D waste”, "preparation of guidelines on requirements of using recycled C&D materials in different industries" and "setting target for reduction, reusing, and recycling C&D waste". The results can inform policy development and be used as evidence for a broader discussion to solve lasting issues in C&D waste management.
Impact of a Moderately Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Italian Obese Patients
Authors: Pisanu Silvia , Palmas Vanessa , Madau Veronica , Casula Emanuela , Deledda Andrea , Cusano Roberto , Uva Paolo , Vascellari Sarah , Boi Francesco , Loviselli Andrea , Manzin Aldo , Velluzzi Fernanda
Published: July 2020

Although it is known that the gut microbiota (GM) can be modulated by diet, the efficacy of specific dietary interventions in determining its composition and diversity in obese patients remains to be ascertained. The present work aims to evaluate the impact of a moderately hypocaloric Mediterranean diet on the GM of obese and overweight patients (OB). The GM of 23 OB patients (F/M= 20/3) was compared before (T0) and after 3 months (T3) of the nutritional intervention (NI). Fecal samples were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. At baseline, the GM characterization confirmed the typical obesity-associated dysbiosis. After 3 months of NI, patients presented a statistically significant reduction of the body weight and fat mass, along with changes in the relative abundance of many microbial patterns. In fact, we observed an increased abundance in several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Sphingobacteriaceae, Sphingobacterium, Bacteroides spp., Prevotella stercorea) and depletion of many Firmicutes taxa (i.e. Lachnospiraceae members, Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus, Veillonellaceae, Catenibacterium, Megamonas). In addition, the phylum Proteobacteria showed an increased abundance, while the genus Sutterella, within the same phylum, decreased after the intervention. Metabolic pathways, predicted by bioinformatic analyses, showed a decrease in membrane transport and cell motility after NI. The present study extends our knowledge of the GM profiles in OB, highlighting the potential benefit of a moderate caloric restriction in counteracting the gut dysbiosis.
Space Habitat Data Centers – For Future Computing
Authors: Periola Ayodele , Alonge Akintunde , Ogudo Kingsley
Published: July 2020

Data from sensor bearing satellites requires processing aboard terrestrial data centers that use water for cooling at the expense of high data transfer latency. The reliance of terrestrial data centers on water increases their water footprint and limits the availability of water for other applications. Therefore, data centers with low data transfer latency and reduced reliance on earth’s water resources are required. This paper proposes space habitat data centers (SHDCs) with low latency data transfer and that use asteroid water to address these challenges. The paper investigates the feasibility of accessing asteroid water and the reduction in computing platform access latency. Results show that the mean asteroid water access period is 319.39 days. The use of SHDCs instead of non-space computing platforms reduces access latency and increases accessible computing resources by (11.9% – 33.6%) and (46.7% – 77%) on average respectively.
4D Printing of Shape Memory Polymer via Liquid Crystal Display Stereolithography
Authors: Shan Wubing , Chen Yifan , Mo Hu , Qin Shigang , Liu Peng
Published: July 2020

In this study, we report a new epoxy acrylate based shape memory polymer(SMP) fabricated by Liquid crystal display (LCD) Stereolithographic 3D printing. The printed 3D object has a high resolution and high transparency in visible light region. The uniaxial tensile tests showed enhanced tensile toughness and tunable mechanical properties. The fix-recovery and cycle tests indicated high shape recovery properties including high shape recovery rate and excellent cycling stability. In addition, a smart electrical valve actuator was fabricated that can be used in fast heat or electricity responsive electrical circuits. LCD 3D printing provides a low-cost and high efficient way to fabricate fast responsive SMP, which can be used in wide applications in various fields on aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, soft robots and electronic devices.
Descriptive Analysis of the Varroa Non-reproduction Trait in Honey Bee Colonies and Association with Other Traits Related to Varroa Resistance
Authors: Eynard Sonia E. , Sann Christina , Basso Benjamin , Guirao Anne-Laure , Le Conte Yves , Servin Bertrand , Tison Lea , Vignal Alain , Mondet Fanny
Published: July 2020

In the current context of worldwide honey bee colony losses, among which the varroa mite plays a major role, hope to improve honey bee health lies in part in the breeding of varroa resistant colonies. To do so, methods used to evaluate varroa resistance need better understanding. Repeatability and correlations between traits such as Mite Non-Reproduction (MNR), Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH) and hygienic behaviour are poorly known, due to practical limitations and to their underlying complexity. We investigate (i) the variability, (ii) repeatability of the MNR score and (iii) its correlation with other resistance traits. To reduce the inherent variability of MNR scores, we propose to apply an Empirical Bayes correction. On the short-term (ten days) MNR had a modest repeatability of 0.4 whereas on the long- term (a month) it had a low repeatability of 0.2, similar to other resistance traits. Within our dataset there was no correlation between MNR and VSH. Although MNR is amongst the most popular varroa resistance estimates in field studies, its underlying complex mechanism is not fully understood. Its lack of correlation with better described resistance traits and low repeatability suggest that MNR need to be interpreted cautiously, especially when used for selection.
Etos Kerja Dalam Islam
Authors: Kirom Cihwanul
Published: July 2020

The meaning of "ethos" comes from Greek (ethos) which means character or character. Overall, the notion of ethos includes characteristics and attitudes, habits and beliefs, and so on, which are specific about an individual or group of people. From the words "ethos" will appear the words "ethics" and "ethical" which refer to the meaning of "morality / behavior" or are "morality", namely the essential quality of a person or a group, including a group of nations. It is also said that "ethos" means the distinctive soul of a group of people, which from that distinctive soul will develop the nation's view of good and bad, that is, its ethics.

Ahmad Janan Asifudin, citing In the Hand Book of Term Psycology stated that ethos is interpreted as a distinctive view of a social group, a value system that lies behind the customs and procedures of a community. Whereas, Taufiq Abdullah defines it as an evaluative aspect which is a self-assessment of work originating from self-identity which is a sacred value that is the religious spiritual reality that he believes.

Whereas the difference between ethos and ethics. The term ethics, theoretically can be divided into two senses. First, ethics comes from the Greek word ethos which means custom (character). In this sense, ethics is related to good life habits, both in oneself and in a society or community group that is passed on from one person to another or from one generation to another.

The definition of work, as in the Big Dictionary of Indonesian Language is interpreted as an activity of doing something. El-Qussy as quoted by Ahmad Janan Asifuddin argues that human activities or actions are of two types. First, actions that are related to mental activities, and both actions are done accidentally. The first type has a characteristic of interest, namely to achieve the purpose or realize certain goals. While the second type is a random movement as seen in small baby movements that appear irregular, reflection movements and other movements that occur without the will of the will or thought process.

Tata tasmara in his work ethic of a Muslim has an ethos formulation as follows In the form of axioms, Toto summarizes them in the form of a formula: KHI = T, US (M, A, R, A), KHI = Islamic Quality of Life, T = Tawhid, US = Charity piety, M = Motivation, A = Direction of Goals (Aim and Goal / Objectives), R = Taste and Ratio (Thinking and Recitation), A = Action, Actualization.
Hutang Luar Negeri Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Kirom Cihwanul
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out how foreign debt law is reviewed in terms of Islamic economics. Foreign debt is among the funding sources to meet the State expenditure budget. This foreign debt is very important, especially developing countries in improving the economy. However, this debt problem has become a long debate among the people. There are people who agree that if the country adds debt, there are also those who disagree about it. Especially in terms of the applicable aspects of sharia economic law, this study reveals various theories and laws on sharia economic perspective on foreign debt. The results of this study are hadith exposure and the level of debt budgeted by the government.
Konstruksi At-Tas’īr Al-‘Adl dalam Dialektika Pemikiran Ibnu Taimiyah dan Ibnu Khaldun
Authors: Muzakkir Muzakkir
Published: July 2020

Bisnis modern merupakan realitas yang amat kompleks. Banyak faktor turut mempengaruhi dan menentukan kegiatan bisnis, antara lain faktor organisatoris-manajerial, faktor ilmiah-teknologis dan faktor politik-sosial-kultural. Kompeleksitas bisnis tidak bisa dipahami secara terpisah dari masyarakat yang dalam diri masyarakat itu sendiri terdapat struktur yang kompleks. Dalam konsep Islam, penentuan harga dilakukan oleh kekuatan permintaan dan kekuatan penawaran. Pertemuan keduanya harus didasarkan dan terjadi atas asas rela sama rela, tidak ada pihak yang terpaksa, tertipu atau adanya kekeliruan objek transaksi dalam melakukan transaksi barang tertentu. Bila terjadi hal-hal demikian, maka struktur dan atribut pasar akan menjadi tidak stabil dan berakibat vatal bagi keberlangsungan sistem ekonomi. Jalannya mekanisme pasar sangat mempengaruhi ketentuan harga normal. Peningkatan permintaan cenderung menimbulkan upaya menaikkan harga dan mendorong produsen memperbanyak produksi, namun jika kemampuan produsen dalam menyediakan barang meningkat dan permintaan menurun, maka harga akan turun. Harga seimbang menjadi kondisi terbaik dalam keberlangsungan mekanisme pasar, namun realisasi dari harga normal dan seimbang menjadi kajian penting dalam literasi pemikiran para tokoh seperti Ibnu Taimiyah dan Ibnu Khaldun. Kajian ini berupaya mengekplanasi dan mendeskripsikan gagasan dua tokoh besar pada bidang ekonomi Islam agar bisa menjadi standar dan acuan dalam merealisasikan Al-Tas’īr Al-‘Adl yang sesuai dengan konsep ekonomi Islam.
Association Between Preoperative Radiographic Severity of Osteoarthritis and Patient-Reported Outcomes of Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Lange Jeffrey K. , Yang Heidi Y. , Collins Jamie E. , Losina Elena , Katz Jeffrey N.
Published: July 2020

Background:

The goal of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and patient-reported outcomes following total knee replacement.

Methods:

We used data from a prospective cohort study of individuals who underwent total knee replacement at a high-volume medical center. Patient-reported outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) activities of daily living (ADL) subscore, assessed preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. We measured preoperative radiographic OA severity using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) Atlas score, dichotomized at the median. We assessed the association between radiographic OA severity and postoperative patient-reported outcomes in bivariate analyses and in multivariable linear regression, with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and comorbidity score.

Results:

The analytic cohort included 240 patients with a mean age at surgery of 66.6 years (standard deviation, 8 years); 61% were female. The median total OARSI radiographic severity score was 10 (range, 3 to 17). The cohort improved substantially at 2 years following total knee replacement, with WOMAC pain and KOOS ADL score improvements on the order of 30 points. We did not observe significant or clinically important differences in pain relief or functional improvement between patients with milder and more severe radiographic OA. Sensitivity analyses using other radiographic assessment measures yielded similar findings.

Conclusions:

Total knee replacement offers substantial symptomatic relief and functional improvement regardless of preoperative radiographic OA severity.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evolved adaptation to low ultraviolet radiation may be the main cause of malignant melanoma independent of high ultraviolet radiation levels
Authors: You Wenpeng , Henneberg Renata Jolanta , Coventry Brendon , Henneberg Maciej
Published: July 2020

Background: The low melanin production (depigmentation) evolved in response to low ultraviolet radiation may be the principal determinant of malignant melanoma of skin (C43). Methods: Worldwide country-speciﬁc estimates of melanoma incidence, daily UVR levels, skin colour (EEL), socioeconomic status (GDP PPP), magnitude of reduced natural selection (Ibs), ageing, urbanization, percentage of European descendants (Eu%), and depigmentation measured by blonde hair colour, were subjected to statistical analyses. Data for 182 individual countries were derived from WHO, United Nations, World Bank databases and the literature. Parametric and non-parametric correlations, partial correlation analyses keeping confounders statistically constant, multivariate regressions and analyses of variance were used. Results: Worldwide, UVR levels were in negative correlation with melanoma (C43) incidence (“rho” = -0.515, p<0.001). This relationship remained significant and negative in parametric partial correlation (r = -0.513, p<0.001) when GDP PPP, Ibs, ageing and urbanization were statistically kept constant. In stepwise linear regression analysis, UVR was the variable having greatest negative influence on melanoma incidence (R2=0.301). Melanoma incidence was in strong correlation with Eu% (r = 0.711, p<0.001). The negative relationship between melanoma and UVR levels (r = -0.498, r<0.001) and positive relationship of melanoma with Eu% (r = 0.477, p<0.001) remained significant in partial correlation analyses.When melanoma incidence rate was standardised on Eu% it did not correlate at all with UVR (“rho”=0.004, p=0.967, n=127). The country-specific depigmentation level strongly correlated with melanoma incidence (r = 0.705, p<0.001, n= 48) remaining significant in partial correlation (r=0.315, p<0.01). However, UVR showed nil no correlation with melanoma when depigmentation, together with the other four potential confounders was included as the controlled variable. Conclusions: Low melanin production, genetically determined, that has adaptively evolved over generations represents the principal risk factor for melanoma, while UVR has a secondary role.
Open data base analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies
Authors: Gorjão Leonardo , Jumar Richard , Maass Heiko , Hagenmeyer Veit , Yalcin G. Cigdem , Kruse Johannes , Timme Marc , Beck Christian , Witthaut Dirk , Schäfer Benjamin
Published: July 2020

The electrical energy system has attracted much attention from an increasingly diverse research community.
Many theoretical predictions have been made, from scaling laws of fluctuations to propagation velocities of disturbances.
However, to validate any theory, empirical data from large-scale power systems are necessary but are rarely shared openly.
Here, we analyse an open data base of measurements of electric power grid frequencies across 17 locations in 12 synchronous areas on three continents.
The power grid frequency is of particular interest, as it indicates the balance of supply and demand and carries information on deterministic, stochastic, and control influences.
We perform a broad analysis of the recorded data, compare different synchronous areas and validate a previously conjectured scaling law.
Furthermore, we show how fluctuations change from local independent oscillations to a homogeneous bulk behaviour.
Overall, the presented open data base and analyses may constitute a step towards more shared, collaborative energy research.
Cutaneous Anthrax Outbreak Associated with Handling Dead Animals, Rhino Camp Sub-county: Arua District, Uganda, January-May 2018
Authors: Ntono Vivian , Eurien Daniel , Bulage Lilian , Kadobera Daniel , Harris Julie , Ario Alex Riolexus
Published: July 2020

BackgroundOn the 9 February 2018, Arua District notified Uganda Ministry of Health of a confirmed anthrax outbreak among humans in Rhino Camp sub-county. Many persons fell ill after reported contact with livestock that died suddenly. We investigated to determine the scope, mode of transmission and exposures associated with identified anthrax, to guide control and prevention measures.MethodsWe defined a suspected cutaneous anthrax case as onset of skin lesions (e.g., papule, vesicle, or eschar) in a person residing in Rhino Camp sub-county, Arua District from 25 December, 2017 to 31 May, 2018. A confirmed case was a suspected case with PCR-positivity for Bacillus anthracis from a clinical sample. We identified cases by reviewing medical records at Rhino Camp Health Centre. We also conducted additional case searches in the affected community with support from Community Health Workers. In a retrospective cohort study, we interviewed all members of households in which at least one person had contact with the carcasses of or meat from animals suspected to have died of anthrax. We collected and tested hides of implicated animals using an anthrax rapid diagnostic test.ResultsWe identified 14 case-patients (1 confirmed, 13 suspected); none died. Only males were affected (AR: 12/10,000). Mean age of case-persons was 33 years (SD: 22).The epidemic curve shows that the outbreak lasted for 5 months, from January 2018-May 2018, peaking in February.Skinning(RR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.1–6.7), dissecting (RR = 3.0, 95%CI = 1.2–7.6), and carrying the dead animals (RR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.1–6.7) were associated with increased risk of illness, as were carrying dissected parts of the animal (RR = 2.9, 95%CI 1.3–6.5) and preparing and cooking the meat (RR = 2.3, 95%CI 2.7–8.1). We found evidence of animal remains on pastureland.ConclusionMultiple exposures to the hides and meat of animals that died suddenly were associated with this cutaneous anthrax outbreak in Arua District. We recommended public education about safe disposal of carcasses of livestock that die suddenly.
Time Course of Psychological Impact for Male: Discovered in COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Liu Weizhi , Liu Nianqi , Yi Bin , Pan Xiao , Shang Zhilei , Tao Xiandong , Bai Yonghai
Published: July 2020

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to widespread emotional distress such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our objective was to investigate the gender differences in PTSD symptoms (PTSS) among COVID-19 symptomatic patients over time caused by delayed medical visit. We investigated 258 confirmed cases of COVID-19 from two designated hospitals in Wuhan from 26 February to 16 March. PTSS was measured by PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Demographics and time interval from symptom onset to the first medical visit were also collected. The results show that 48 of 258 participants (18.6 %) met the criteria of PTSD symptoms. Males had significantly higher PCL-5 scores when time interval was 7 days or more compared with less than 7 days (22.18 vs. 15.11, t=-2.280, P<0.05), whereas no such significant time effect was found in females, regardless of the severity of the disease. The present study emphasizes the significant effect of time course on PTSS only in male. It is suggested that policy makers and health services should pay more attention to PTSD in male, and call on male to seek medical treatment as soon as developing symptoms of coronavirus disease if local medical conditions permitted.
Lessons Learned from a Pandemic: One Medical School’s Response to COVID-19
Authors: Gilbey Peter , Malatskey Lilach , Dickman Nomy , Glikman Daniel , Albeck Amnon , Shinwell Eric S. , Younis Johnny S.
Published: July 2020

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted medical education. Social distancing prevented students from gathering in any setting. Teaching became less effective due to lack of staff, cancellation of procedures, transition to telehealth and shortages of personal protective equipment. Medical schools’ responses to previous lockdowns are not well documented. On March 13th 2020, all universities in Israel were closed and a transition to online learning was implemented. All clinical rotations were temporarily suspended. We describe changes to teaching and learning during the pandemic, and the evaluation of these changes.Methods: Several surveys were performed. Selected faculty members were asked to comment on the transition to online learning, and assess which practices could possibly be adopted for future use.Results: Overall satisfaction with online learning was high. High satisfaction was also reported regarding the delivery of online lectures, efficient transition to online teaching, and the maintenance of academic excellence despite the challenges of COVID-19. Twenty-three percent of medical students preferred to continue exclusive online learning in the future. Forty-five percent advocated for blended learning, mainly online. Selected challenges and opportunities are discussed.Conclusions: The rapid transition to online teaching and learning was successful. Lessons learned and recommendations for the future are presented.
Clinical Characteristics of Plastic Bronchitis in Children: A Retrospective Analysis of 43 Cases
Authors: Jing-jing HUANG , Xiao-qing YANG , Zhi-qiang ZHUO , yuan lin
Published: July 2020

Background: With an increase in the diagnosis of plastic bronchitis (PB) cases, to enhance paediatricians’ knowledge and add to the few existing studies, we explored the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of PB in children. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 43 children admitted to the Xiamen Children’s Hospital and the Women and Children’s Hospital, affiliated to the Xiamen University from December 2016 to December 2019, were retrospectively analysed.Results: All the children had cough, with 41 of them having associated fever. A peak temperature >40℃ was observed in 25 children. Twenty-six children had shortness of breath, 27 had reduced respiratory sounds on the affected side, and 35 had audible moist rales on the affected side. Lactate dehydrogenase in all children increased to different degrees, and 29 had elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products. Lung imaging showed pulmonary consolidation and atelectasis, mainly in the bilateral lower lung lobes, in all the children. However, 31 had pleural effusion, mainly a small parapneumonic effusion. The infections were mainly caused by adenovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The casts in all 43 children were sucked or clamped out under bronchoscopy, and 10 were found to have type I PB on pathological examination. All children were treated with anti-infective therapy in addition to bronchoscopic cast removal. Thirty-one children were treated with methylprednisolone, and 16 with gamma globulin. Except for one child who was non-adherent to treatment, all other children showed improvement, or were cured and discharged from the hospital. Follow-up lung imaging at 3 months revealed that the lungs were fully re-expanded in 40 children. Nine children had small airway lesions, two had obliterative bronchiolitis, and one had bronchiectasis. Conclusions: Paediatric PB often occurs secondary to respiratory tract infections and progresses rapidly, with hyperpyrexia, cough, and shortness of breath as the main clinical manifestations. Pulmonary consolidation, atelectasis, and pleural effusion are seen on lung imaging, and early bronchoscopy and removal of casts in the trachea and bronchi are effective treatment options.
Temporal Analysis of COVID - 19 Pandemic in India and R0 prediction
Authors: Patil Kshitij , Murali Anirudh , Ganguli Piyali , Nandi Sutanu , Sarkar Ram Rup
Published: July 2020

India now ranks 3rd in the list of countries affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With more than 0.7 million confirmed COVID–19 cases and a gradual withdrawal of nation-wide lockdown, it is expected India may see a further surge in the number of cases. So, predicting the expected number of cases is the need of the hour. Most of the existing methodologies work well for the short term but perform poorly when it comes to predicting the long term. Hence, in this study, we propose a novel strategy for the prediction of COVID–19 cases by employing Multiple Aggregation Prediction Algorithm (MAPA) with two different ways of predictions called the Principal and the Exponential Predictions. Exponential Prediction has been performed using MAPA on the number of cases, derived from predicted R0. From the Principal and Exponential prediction, a third prediction called Mean prediction was derived by averaging both. We have validated this strategy using data of the different states of India and show that Principal, Mean, and the Exponential Predictions together capture a range in which the actual number of cases lies. We have used this strategy to forecast the range of COVID-19 cases for 45 days.
Mid-term results of an anterior plating via combined anterior approach for complex acetabular fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Meng Weikun , Ou Yi , Wu Zhaoxiang , Yang Hongchang , Chen Ge , Bi Xin , Gao Liang , Chen Zhong
Published: July 2020

Background: Solely anterior plating via the modified Stoppa approach might yield satisfactory outcomes for selected cases of complex acetabular fractures, however, its indications are not practically clear.

Methods: Patients with complex acetabular fractures treated with solely anterior plating via the modified Stoppa approach with or without a lateral window at our trauma center between January 2013 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Fracture type was identified according the newly established three-column classification of acetabular fracture. Perioperative information was recorded, and fracture reduction was evaluated radiographically at 3 days postoperatively. Postoperative hip function was assessed at least 1 year postoperatively.

Results: Twenty patients were included with an average 17 months (range, 13-28) follow-up. According to the three-column classification, 2 cases were classified as type B2.2, 8 cases as type B2.3, 3 cases as type C1, and 7 cases as type C3. The mean time from injury and surgery was 7.0 days (range, 3-13 days), operative time was 2.0 hours (range, 1.4-3.2 hours), and intraoperative blood loss was 320 ml (range, 220-450 ml). Fracture reduction was excellent in 15 cases (75%), good in 3 cases (15%), fair in 1 case (5%), and poor in 1 case (5%). Final hip function was excellent in 13 cases (68%), good in 3 cases (16%), fair in 2 cases (11%), and poor in 1 case (5%). Bony healing was achieved in all cases and few complications were reported including recoverable obturator nerve injuries in 2 patients (10%) and controllable osteoarthritis in 1 patient (5%).

Conclusions: Solely anterior plating via the combined anterior approach achieved satisfactory mid-term outcomes for complex acetabular fractures with posterior column detachments. Based on the newly established three-column classification of complex acetabular fracture, the type B, C1, and C3 fractures are possibly the appropriate indications for such a simplified procedure.
Tumor-derived exosomal miR-155-5p and miR-658 in serum as diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang ZhiJun , Song XingGuo , Xie Li , Wang KangYu , Tang YouYong , Yu Miao , Feng XiaoDong , song xianrang
Published: July 2020

Background

Exosomal microRNAs (ExmiRNAs) provided a non-invasive and ideal method for cancer diagnosis. However, few studies identified the role of specific serum ExmiRNAs profiles in early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis, especially for 0 and I stage. Herein, the present study was designed to validate the novel serum ExmiRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage NSCLC.
Methods

Serum exosomes were collected from the healthy donors and NSCLC patients by ultracentrifugation, and characterized with qNano, TEM, and western immunoblotting. Exosomal RNAs were subjected to miRNA array for evaluating the expression levels of miRNAs. Partly differently expressed serum exosomal miRNAs were verified by large-scale samples from 312 healthy donors and 318 NSCLC patients.
Results

The expression levels of ExmiR-155-5p and ExmiR-658 were significantly down-regulated in NSCLC patients compared to healthy donors (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively), and they could differentiate NSCLC patients from healthy donors with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.716 and 0.728, respectively. In addition, combination of ExmiR-155-5p and ExmiR-658 could improve the diagnostic capacity with AUC value of 0.781. Moreover, ExmiR-155-5p and ExmiR-658 could differentiate early-stage NSCLC patients (0 and I stage) from healthy donors with AUC values of 0.668 and 0.735, respectively, combination could improve the diagnostic capacity with AUC value of 0.759. Specifically, the expression of ExmiR-155-5p was significantly decreased in patients with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (p = 0.0018 and p = 0.0077, respectively).
Conclusions

Our results identified that serum ExmiR-155-5p and ExmiR-658 were promising diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage NSCLC, and combination of them could improve the diagnostic capacity.
Decompression experiments for sulfur-bearing hydrous rhyolite magma: Redox evolution during magma decompression
Authors: Okumura Satoshi , Ishibashi Hidemi , Itoh Shoichi , Suzumura Akimasa , Furukawa Yoshihiro , Miwa Takahiro , Kagi Hiroyuki
Published: July 2020

We performed decompression experiments on sulfur-bearing hydrous rhyolite magma at a temperature of 800 °C to investigate redox evolution during magma decompression. The magma was continuously decompressed from 100 MPa to 10–50 MPa at rates of 10 and 100 MPa h–1. The evolution of the ferric to total iron ratio (Fe3+/Fetotal) during decompression was investigated using XANES, and redox evolution was determined based on a thermodynamic calculation and measured Fe3+/Fetotal. Before decompression, the sample was buffered from NNO to NNO+1, and the pre-exsolved fluid phase and sulfide crystal coexisted. Sulfide crystals were found in all decompressed samples, and Fe3+/Fetotal showed a slight decrease with decompression. It was confirmed that the sample in a gold capsule was not influenced by the change in redox conditions outside of the capsule for the timescale of the decompression experiments; thus, the decompressed sample reflected the redox evolution in magma during decompression.

Our experiments indicated that magma decompression causes a slight reduction when it includes water and sulfur. This evolution is qualitatively explained by sulfur degassing and fluid-melt redox equilibria. During the fluid-melt redox equilibria, magma is reduced if the existence of a pre-exsolved fluid phase is assumed, while the model calculation shows that magma is oxidized when it contains only water or no pre-exsolved fluid phases. This is because sulfur buffers the oxidation of magma through a reaction with oxygen in the fluid phase. Therefore, we inferred that the redox condition of magma is not oxidized during explosive volcanism with a pre-exsolved fluid phase and closed-system degassing. In contrast, if magma experiences open-system degassing, it may be oxidized, resulting in the breakdown of sulfide crystals as observed in some pyroclasts and lavas.
Addressal to the Rising Problem of Traffic Congestion in Kalimpong, West Bengal: Causes and Preventive Measures
Authors: Subba Rosemary
Published: July 2020

When towns and cities grow or rather undergo urbanisation; there are innumerable impacts that arise out of this process. One such impact is the problem of traffic congestion. In other words, it can be said that ‘urbanisation and problems related to traffic go hand in hand’. Kalimpong has witnessed urbanisation at an astounding rate largely due to improvement in tourism and its floriculture. However, the town is crippled by the problem of traffic congestion. Being a hill station, the topography and the structure of the town restricts the widening of the roads therefore making the practice of illegal parking common and the major factor for traffic congestion. In this paper, the problem of traffic congestion in Kalimpong town has been addressed. The reasons responsible for the problem has also been highlighted along with some suggestive preventive measures.
Respiratory events in sleeping infants of the first year of life and their reference values
Authors: Kelmanson I. A.
Published: July 2020

The authors present the reference values of the major respiratory events based on polysomnographic evaluation of 2,073 sleeping infants of the first year of life. These reference values were developed in accordance with the adopted LMS (lambda-mu-sigma) algorithm aimed at smoothing and maximal approximation of the calculated values to the real ones. The article describes the centile curves and centile tables of the respiratory events indices, maximal lengths and densities of the different types of apneas, periodic breathing, oxygen saturation and de-saturation indices at different sleep stages of the 1-to-52-week-old infants. The reference values are compared with available literature data.
Risk factors of adolescent health: mass poll results
Authors: Khabriev R. U. , Yagudina R. I. , Rashid M. A. , Arinina E. E.
Published: July 2020

Objective. To study the risk factors of noncommunicable disease spread in adolescents based on the mass pole results.

Methods. The authors conducted four waves of study within the framework of the monitoring project “Risk factors for human health” in 2014–2017. The study included a multistage stratified territorial random sample of 1,691 patients over 11 years. The research population included 170 adolescents (11–19 years) (10%).

Results. An adverse profile of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases was predetermined by: overweight in adolescents (10%), increased blood pressure (18%), unfavorable history of cardiovascular events in close relatives (60–70%), nutritional disorders (80–96%) , low level of physical activity (5%), smoking (20%), and alcohol consumption (26% of respondents). The body weight deficiency (35%) and overweight (10%), along with sufficient consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits in only 7% of cases reflects gross malnutrition of adolescents, which determines their future development. Awareness of adolescents of the main risk factors for noncommunicable diseases remains low (less than 30–40% for different factors). The example of close relatives, friends and stressful situations predetermine the emergence of bad habits (consumption of alcohol and tobacco) in adolescents.

Scope of application. Pediatrics, public health, epidemiology.

Conclusion. In order to correct adverse risk factors of noncommunicable diseases, it is necessary to attract a wide range of specialists, including intensive family and personal psychological consultations with adolescents. These measures will motivate adolescents to a healthy lifestyle and reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases in the population of the Russian Federation.
New Information about the Life of the Martyr Anna Chetverikova (1873–1940) who Suffered Martyrdom in the Arlyuk Siblag
Authors: Balashova E. G.
Published: July 2020

Until recently, there has been very little information about the life of Anna Pavlovna Chetverikova, who died in 1940 in the Arlyuk branch of the Siblag. She was glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church in the Council of New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Church. All facts were obtained from the archival case file (1937) stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (File code: Found 10035. List 1. File P-17284) and the documents about the date of her death. The present article introduces the case materials and some other documents related to A. P. Chetverikova’s life. The author performed a thorough description of her biography and proved that A. P. Chetverikova was as a long-term parishioner of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. The research also touched upon some prominent figures of the Russian Orthodox Church in the first half of the XX century, e.g. Archbishop Varfolomey (Remov) and Bishop Pankratiy (Gladkov). Whether Anna Chetverikova took the vow or not, still remains an open question. The research is relevant for the dioceses of Moscow and Kemerovo, since it makes it possible to add one more name to the Synaxis of the New Martyrs of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery in Moscow and the New Martyrs and Confessors of the Land of Kuznetsk.