bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of planting seedlings and nitrogen on yield of rice - (Oryza sativa) f
Authors: S. K . GUPTA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 1986-1988 to study the individual and combined effects of number of planting seedlingshill and different levels of N on yield of Subhadra (DR 92) rice (Oryza satlva L.) Planting 4 seedlingshill significantly increased the plant height, length of panicle, grainslpanicle and 1,000-seed weight than its higher and lower number of seedlings. The treatments also significantly increased the yield. Application of 80 kg N/ha an$ 4 seedlingshill gave significantly highest yield (32.65 qlha), followed by 40 kg N/ha and 4 seedlings/hill. On the basis of pooled data of 3 years, the yield response was 29 q/ha at the optimum dose rate of 40 kg N/ha.
Effect of plant and row spacing on dryland gram (Cicer arietinum) yield, nodulation and water-use efficiency
Authors: S.S. PARIHAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted from 1986-87 to 1988-89 with dryland gram or chickpea (Cicer arletinutn L.) to find out effect of inter- and intra-row spacings on yield, nodulation and water-use efficiency, The chickpea was seeded during winter season of 1986-89 on sandy soil at Kharagpur in row spacings of 20,35 and 50 cm and within row spacings of 10, 1 5 and 20 crn. The yields were least from the 20 cm row width. However intra-row spacings had no significant effect on seed yield. Under adequate water supply wider rows did not show any yield advantage over narrow rows. Wider row spacings helped in increasing the dry weight of nodulefplant. Soil water depletion was generally confined to 80 cm soil depth. The water use was not significantly -, influenced by plant spacing, however it was more with 20 cm spacing. Water-use efficiency was minimum for 20 cm row spacing. Results on water-use indicated that close planting enhanced water use before flowering. This increased early-season water utilization under restricted water supply created less water available for grain filling, and ultimately seed yield was reduced significantly.
Effect of Eucalyptus densities on fodder yield of winter crops in saline soils
Authors: C. B. SINGH  , H. K. SINGH
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted under irrigated condition during 1984-91 to find out optimum tree density of Eucalyptus for higher biomass production at New Delhi. Nine planting geometries consisting of0.5mx l.Om,0.75mx 1.0m,0.5mx1.5m,1.0mxl.0m,0.5mx2.0m,0.75mx 1.5m,0.75 m x 2.0 m, 1.0 m x 1.5 m and 1.0 m x 2.0 m were randomized and studied in 3 replications. After 63 months of plantations (December i989), oats (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.s.1.) Egyptian clover or berseem (Trfolium alexandrinum L.) and turnip [Brassica rapa (L.) Thell. emend. bletzger] crops were introduced as intercrops between the row spacings during the winter season 1989-90 and repeated in the next season of 1990-91 along with 1 pure crop treatment (without trce association). The tree populations during this period were 17,083; 10,138; 9,652; 7,222; 7,847; 6,944; 5,347; 4,789 and 3,958 treesfl~a. After 78 months of plantations (March 1991), among all tree densities combinations, 3,958 treesha interspaced at 1.0 m x 2.0 m attained the maximum shoot height (16.33 m) and girth at breast height (28.37 cm). Combined fresh and dry biomass of intercrops was also significantly higher when intercropped under same tree density and were respectively 27.29 and 4.45 tonneslha in 1989-90 and 27.70 and 4.48 tonnesha in 1990-91. While 38.07 and 6.02 tonnesfha in 1989-90 and 38.47 and 5.98 tonnesfl~a fresh and dry biomass yields respectively were given by these crops when grown as pure crops. Barley crop outyielded all other 3 crops significantly in respect of fresh as well as in dry biomass accumulation during both the years. The trend was found in order of barley > oats > berseem >turnip.
Effect of tillage operations on productivity and economic traits of soybean (Glycine max)-based rainfed cropping system
Authors: K. SINGH  , S. D. BILLORE  , MRIDULA BILLORE
Published: December 2023

The field experiment was conducted at were alloted lo subplots. The treatments research farm, Sehore, during 1990-91 and were arranged in split-plot design with 4 1991-92 on Vertisols, slightly saline (pH replications. All the rabi crops were grown 7.6), having available N, P and K 336, 13 after JS 71-05 soybean [Glyciize tnax (L.) and 575 kglha respectively. The treatments Merr.] and tillage operations given to only consisted of 3 tillage operations, i.e. no till- rabi crops. All the crops received recom- age, minimum and conventional tillage, as mended fertilizer doses, viz. 20, 80 and 20 main plots and 4 winter-season (rabi) crops, kglha; 40, 40 and 20 kglha; 20, 50 and 0 viz. JSF 1 safflower (Carthamzrs tinctorius kglha; 60,30 and 20 kglha and 20, 50 and 0 L.), R 17 linseed (Lit7uin z~sitatissimzrrn kglha; of N, P and K to soybean, safflower. L.), JR 3 15 gram (Cicer aricfinum L.) and gram, linseed and lentil rcspectivcly Thc JLS 1 lentil (Lens czllinaris Medikus), other recommended package, of practices
Dry-matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake in cumin (Cuminum cyminum) as affected by weed control and time of N application
Authors: D. R. GORA N. L. MEENA P. L. SHIVRAN  , D R. SHIVRAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conductedduring of application of 30 kg Nlha (full basal, full the winter (rabi) season of 1991-92 at top-dressed 30 days after sowing and half Jobner (Rajasthan), to study the effect of basal + half at 30 days after sowing, repli- weed control and time of nitrogen applica- cated thrice in randomized block design. tion on weed biomass, dry-matter accumula- The soil was loamy sand with pH 8.5, or- tion of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), N ganic carbon 0.23%, available N 128 kglha, depletion by weeds and N uptake by crop. available P,O, 17 kgka and q O 147 kglha. The experiment comprised 6 weed-control Cumin cv. RZ 19 was sown in lines 30 cm treatments (weedy check, metolachlor @ 0.5 apart. Metolachlor and oxyfluorfen were ap- and 1.0 kglha, oxyfluorfen @ 0.15 and 0.30 plied as pre-emergence. Hand-weeding was kglha and hand-weeding twice) and 3 times done 20 and 50 days after sowing. Nitrogen
Effect of lime and sulphur on rapeseed (Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera var. toria) - soybean (Glycine m a . )cropping sequence
Authors: S.N. MISHRA  , R.K. PAIKARAY  , K.N. MISHRA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1989-90 and 1990-91 to evaluate the effect of lime and sulphur on yield and nutrient uptake of rapeseed [Brassica campestris ssp. oleifera (Metzger) Sinsk. var. toria] -soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping sequence. The levels of lime and sulphur tried were 0 and 1.25 tonnestha and 0, 10,20,30 and 40 kg Slha respectively. Application of lime (1.25 tonnestha) and sul- phur (30 kgtha) to rapeseed significantly increased the seed yield as well as NPK uptake by the crop. The residual effects of lime (1.25 tonnestha) and S (30 kgtha) on soybean were found superior to no lime andno sulphur application in increasing the seed yield and nutrient uptake.
Effect of subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) canopy, on yield, quality and nitrogen uptake of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetrogonolsba) and sesame (Sesamum indicum) under agro-silviculture system
Authors: O.V.S. iHENUA  , R.S. VERMA  , T.P. SINGH . *
Published: December 2023

A f~eld experin;ent was conducted during rainy season of 1991 and 1992 to study the effect of subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) canopy management practices and crop gec;metries on seed yield, quality and nitrogen uptake of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) crops. Topping at 1.50 m system of subabul canopy management gave significantly more yield and better quality of produce. Maximum uptake of nitrogen was also noted under the same system compared with central leader system, open centre system and no lopping conditions.
Yield and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa) as influenced by sources and levels of phosphorus and zinc under trans- planted conditions
Authors: C.P. RAO  , D.N. SHUKLA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during rainy season of 1993 and 1994 at Varanasi indicated that highest grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was recorded with ammo- nium polyphosphate (APP) at 90 kg P,OJha in combination with 30 kg ZnS0,lha. Total nutrient uptake of N, P, K and Zn was positively influenced by sources and levels of phosphorus and zinc rates. Among the sources of phosphorus tested, am- monium polyphosphate (APP) followed by Urea nitric phosphate (UNP) recorded the highest grain yield and nutrient uptake than diammonium phosphate (DAP). Increas- ing the doses of phosphorus from 30 to 90 kg P,O,lha, application of 60 kg P,O,lha through APP in combination with 30 kg ZnS0,lha was found to be the best for obtain- ing economical yield and higher nutrient uptake values of transplanted rice crop.
Effect of genotype, irrigation and fertility on yield, nitrogen- recovery and its use efficiency in spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Authors: TEJ SINGH  , HARBIR SINGH  , BALDEV RAJ
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field study was conducted with spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at Hisar, comprising 2 genotypes, 3 levels of irrigation and 5 levels of nitrogen + phosphorus. Sunflower hybrid MSFH 8 gave higher seed yield, N uptake, apparent N recovery as well as N-use efficiency. Scheduling irrigation at 0.6 ID :CPE ratio was better than other irrigation schedules for seed yield and N uptake at harvest. With each increment of N + P,O, level from 0 + 0 to 120 + 60 kglha, there was a significant increase in the seed yield as well as N uptake. Apparent recovery of applied N and N- use efficiency were higher when irrigation was scheduled at 0.6 ID :CPE ratio. Appli- cation of 30 + 15and 60 + 30 kg N + P,O,/ha recorded higher apparent N recovery and N-use efficiency.
Woody perennials on and as bunds in Vertisols
Authors: S.B. DEVARANAVADGI  , S.B. KALAGHATAGIZ  , A.K. GUGGARIZ  , S.Y. WALIZ
Published: December 2023

I .- An experiment was conducted during 1991-96 to identify suitable tree species to plant on farm bund and also to screen tree species for live bund on Vertisols. Among 7 tree species planted on farm bund, the maximum plant height was found with subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) (7.60 m), followed by siris (Albizzia lebbeck Benth.) (7.01 m) and the least in anjan (Hardwickia binata Roxb.) (4.20 m). The grain yield of arable crop, viz. sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was highest (1,186 kglha) when it was grown with Hardwickia binata and minimum when it was grown with Leucaena leucocephala (425 kglha). In another study (1992-95).screening of 6 different tree species for live bund was taken up. Among the different tree species, the maximum green-biomass yield was recorded in Gliricidia maculata (H.B. & K.) Steud. (45.64 qlha) and the minimum in Albizzia amara Boiv. (9.69 qlha). The grain yield of arable crop, viz. safflower (Cartharmus tinctorius L.), was highest when safflower was grown with Gliricidia as /. live bund (7.66 qlha) and the lowest with Leucaena leucocephala (3.87 qlha).
Studies on levels and methods of phosphorus application in green manure-rice (Oryza sativa) system under varying nitrogen levels
Authors: B. J. PANDIAN*
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1993-94 and 1994-95 at Madurai (T.N.) to studythe effect of rock phosphate application directly to rice (Oryza sativa L.) and through pre-season green manure (GM) (Sesbania rostrata) with different levels of nitrogen on growth and yield of rice. Phosphorus application at 60 kg P,O,/ha applied half each to GM and rice registered higher rice grain yield. Application of 120 kg Nlha favourably influenced the yield of rice.
Effect of spacing and fertilizer on medium duration rice (Oryza sativa) varieties
Authors: M. R. H. SIDDIQUII  , R. LAKPALE  , R. S. TRIPATHI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 1995 and 1996 at Raipur (M.P.) to find out the effect of spacing and fertilizer level on medium duration rice varieties. The grain yield of rice under closer spacing (10 x 10 cm) was significantly superior over wider spacing (20 x 10 cm). Higher fertilizer level (120: 60 : 40 kg N : P20,: K,O/ha) produced significantly more grain yield compared with low fertility level (80 : 50 : 30 kg N : P20,: K20).A newly released variety Mahamaya performed significantly superior over other tested varieties.
Effect of herbicides in integration with halod-an indigenous method of weed control in direct sown puddled rice
Authors: S. S. RANA  , N. N. ANGIRAS
Published: December 2023

The efficacy of some potent herbicides in conjunction with halod (interculture in standing rice crop with desi plough) for control of weeds in direct seeded puddled rice was studied during1994 and 1995 at Palampur. The major weeds found were : Echinochloa sp., Ammania baccifera, Scirpus sp., Cyperus iria and C. difformis. Pre-emergence application of pretilachlor (0.80 kglha) and butachlor (1.50 kglha before the imposition of halod being statistically at par with post- halod hand weedings as and when required were significantly better than all the post-halod herbicide treatments with regard to weed control, yield attributes and yield. However, all the post-halod herbicides decreased the population and dry matter accumulation by weeds significantly in comparison to only halod. Amongst the post-haiod herbicide treatments, tank mixed combinations of butachlor 0.75 kglha and pretilachlor 0.40 kg/ha with 2, 4-DEE 0.50 kglha being statistically at par with farmers practice of halod followed by hand weeding, produced perceptible increase in grain yield over halod only.
Performance of scented and non-scented rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes under direct seeding and transplanted conditions
Authors: S. D. DHIMAN  , D. P. NANDAL  , HARl OM
Published: December 2023

A field experiment comprising 12 rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes (8 non- scented, viz. PR 11 1, PR 110, HKR 120, HKR 126, HKR 86-217, HKR 86-3, HKR 46 and IR 64 and 4 scented, viz. P 615, HKR 228, Taraori, Basmati and Basmati 370) was conducted at Kaul under two separate sets of methods of planting (direct sowing under puddled condition and transplanting) during kharif 1994 and 1995. Studies revealed that under direct sown condition, genotype HKR 126 produced highest grain yield of 42.5 and 46.2 q/ha in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Root dry weight in 15-30 cm layer was found higher in genotypes HKR 126, HKR 120, HKR 46 and PR 11 1 in non-scented group and Basmati 370 and Taraori Basmati in scented group. Under transplanting condition, genotype HKR 46 produced higher grain yield but at par with HKR 126, HKR 86-3 and PR 11 1. Yield attributes followed the similar trend as in grain yield.
Effect of crop establishment practices in rice varieties under puddled irrigated conditions
Authors: S. P. SINGH  , . SREEDEVI  , R. M. KUMAR  , S. V. SUBBAIAH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during rainy seasons of 1994 and 1995 indicated that wet seeding of sprouted seeds in lines recorded maximum mean grain yield (5.17 tlha) and net returns (Rs 100951ha) followed by transplanting. The mean maximum grain yield of 5.26 tlha was recorded by Vikas followed by IET 9994 (5.1 9 Uha), IET 9219 (5.08 tlha), IET 9978 (4.99 Uha), Rasi (4.89 Uha) and IET 10229 (3.63 Uha). In direct seeding of sprouted seeds in lines, varieties like IET 9994, IET 9978 and Vikas recorded higher grain yield compared to transplanting method.
and water use of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: GAJENDRA SlNGH  , T. P. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during the winter seasons.of 1994-95 and 1995- 96 at Lakhaoti revealed that scheduling irrigation at IW : CPE ratio of 0.7F (4 irrigations each of 50 mm depth) and fertilizer application at 12Rkg N + 90 kg P,05 + 45 kg K,Olha resulted in higher grain yield of French bean ~Phaseolus vulgaris L.). However, the effect of this dose of fertilizer was significantly superior over 80 kg N + 60 kg P205+ 30 kg $O/ha only in 1995-96. Both irrigation and fertilizer improved the growth and yield parameters markedly. Water use efficiency was highest at 0.25 IW : CPE ratio. Consumptive use of water was higher at 1.OO IW : CPE ratio and fertilizer application at 120 kg N + 90 kg P20, + 45 kg $O/ha.
On-farm studies on agri-horticulture with citrus (Citrus species)
Authors: A. S. GILL  , R. DEBROY  , AJlT
Published: December 2023

For successful exploitation of the interspaces of citrus species, treatment combinations comprising 3 citrus species (Citrus aurantifolia, C. sinensis and C. reticulata) and 2 crop rotations (urdbean-wheat and urdbean-chickpea). C. sinensis registered significantly better growth (height, collar diameter and canopy) as compared to C. aurantifolia and C. reticulata under the influence of wheat crop. No significant differences in grain and straw yield of wheat were observed as influenced by the various citrus species. On an average, highest grain and straw yields of wheat were recorded from the 1st row followed by lllrd and Vth row. Maximum production of wheat on an average was recorded during the establishment year of citrus species and production was affected in the subsequent years.
Competition studies in intercropping of wheat (Triticum aestivm), rapeseed (Brassica campeshis) and pea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: P. C. BORA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabr) seasons of 1990-92 on intercropping of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.), rapeseed [Brassica campestris (L.) Czernj & Casson] and pea (Pisum sativum Poir.) at Jorhat. Results showed that wheat+rapeseed was the best combination for getting yield advantage in intercropping over wheat + pea and rapeseed+ pea as judged by wheat equivalent yield and various competitive functions like land-equivalent ratio and aggressivity. Among the proportions 1 : 1was found to be the most favourable. Yield advantage in wheat + pea and rapeseed+ pea combination was also observed except at 1 : 7 -- 3 sowing proportion. Either with wheat or rapeseed when the sowing proportion of pea was more than 50%, intercropping became disadvantageous.
Production potential and returns of mustard (Brassica juncea) intercropping systems under rainfed conditions of Haryana
Authors: S. S. PUNIA  , G. P. SlNGH  , SArISH KUMAR .
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 1994-1 997 at Hisar, to assess the production potential of various pulses and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) intercropped with Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czemj & Cosson] under rainfed conditions. On an average, highest seed yield of mustard equivalent (1,878 kgha) and net retum and (Rs 16,657ha) were recorded under sole mustard followed by its intercropping with chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) (1 : 5 ratio). Intercropping of mustard with chickpea and field pea increased the LER as compared to sole crops.
Response of toria (Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera var. toria) to sources and levels of sulphur fertilization
Authors: P. C. SARMAH  , M. C. DEBNATH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Shillongani during rabi 1995-96 and 1996-97 to find out suitable source and levels of sulphur on toria (Brassica campestris L. subsp. oleifera var. toria) variety TS 38 under rainfed conditions. Sulphur fertilization significantly improved most of the growth, yield attributes, seed yield (20.1%) in both the years as well as oil content (2.5%) during 1995-96 as compared to no sulphur application. Application of gypsum and elemental sulphur indicated their superiority in increasing the seed yield over pyrite as source of sulphur. The response per kg of sulphur applied reached a maximum of 9.4 kg seeds at 20 kg Slha and it decreased thereafter to 5.8 and 4.1 kg seeds at 40 and 60 kg Slha respectively.
Evaluation of placement methods for urea supergranules in wetland rice (Oryza soil sativa) B.K. MISHRA, A.K. DAS, A.K. DASH, D. JENA , S.K. SWAIN^
Authors: B.K. MISHRA  , A.K. DASI A.K. DASH  , D. JENA  , S.K. SWAIN
Published: December 2023

-- A field experiment was carried out in a lowland soil, having fine loamy mixed hyperthermic Epiaquept, during winter season of 1994-95 and 1995-96 to evaluate the method of urea supergranule (USG) placement in wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experimental plan was randomized block design with 3 replications. The USG was applied @ 76 kg Nlha either as surface broadcast or as deep placement at soil depths of 2.5, 5 or 7.5 cm by manual or mechanical means along with prilled urea (PU) split. Placement of USG significantly increased both the grain and straw yields of rice in comparison to PU or USG broadcast. The response of rice to nitrogen was more under USG placement than split application of PU. Nitrogen-use efficiency of rice was increased from 18 -, kg grainlkg N applied as PU to as high as 26 kg grainlkg N applied as USG. Similarly, the relative efficiency of USG was increased by 40% over PU. The apparent recovery of N in rice was also increased from 21% in case of PU to 40% for USG.
Impact of improved agro-techniques on wheat (Wticum aestivum)
Authors: P.N. TIWARI  , RAKESH K. SHARMA  , DEVAKANT
Published: December 2023

Three field trials were conducted during winter (rabo seasons of 1996-97 and 1997-98 on the farmers fields under National Watershed Research Project, Kaldakhedi, Khandwa (East Nimar) of Madhya Pradesh. Sowing of wheat in fourth week of November proved significantly better than the earlier or later sowing dates, significantly maximum seed yield being 41.4 qlha and net return up to Rs 20,738lha. Fertilizer placement below the seed proved significantly superior to that of fertilizer mixed with seed (farmers practice), and the significantly maximum seed yield being 40.15 qlha and net return Rs 19,7981ha. Seed rate of 125 kglha was found significantly superior to lower or higher seed rates. The highest value of seed yield and net return was 41.8 q/ha and Rs 20,8181ha respectively.
Effect of biofertilizers and inorganic nutrition on blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) grown in rice fallows
Authors: R.A. RAJU  , M. NAGESWARA REDDY
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted during summer season of 1997-98 at Maruteru, to study the effect of biofertilizers and inorganic nutrition on blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) grown in rice fallows. All the treatments except mere inoculation of biofertilizers exerted conspicuous effect on yield and other growth parameters. The increase in seed yield due to spraying of urea (2%) at pre- flowering and pod-filling stages and DAP (4%) spray at pod-filling stage was 40.2, 34.2 and 31 .l% respectively over unfertilized treatment. Addition of 50 kg P,OJ ha alone or along with VAM inoculation enhanced the seed yield by 25.2% and 30.8% respectively. Starter N @ 20 kglha also showed significant beneficial effect on yield and other physiological parameters. Urea and DAP sprays at reproductive phase had a conspicuous effect on the phenophase, greenness prolongation, root length, phytomass and other yield-attributing traits like pods/ plant and seedslpod.
Diversification of traditional cropping system for sustainable production
Authors: D. S. YADAV  , R. M. SINGH  , ALOK KUMAR RAM ACHAL AND
Published: December 2023

To meet out the demand of the specific commodities by sustaining the crop productivity and soil fertility, there is need to diversify the traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat [Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.] sequence that occupies 60-70% of the total cultivated area in eastern Uttar Pradesh. The findings of field trials, conducted for 4 years at the University Research Farm, Faizabad, revealed that among the six cropping systems tested, rice-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-cowpea. [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] provided the highest net profit of Rs 21,1541hdyr and rice grainlequivalent yield of 22.55 t/ha besides the fertility benefit of legume crop. The second remunerative system was rice-potato-okra (seed), that showed the rice-equivalent yield potential of 20.02 t/ha and not profit of Rs 17,612lhdyr due to vegetable cash crop.
Effect of weed control, fertilizer application and Rhizobium - on nutrient uptake under maize + soybean intercropping system
Authors: R. L. JAT  , B. L. GAUR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season (kharif) 1993 and 1994 on clay-loam soils of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. Maximum NPK uptake by maize and soybean was recorded under manual weeding twice, followed by application of metolachlor and pendimethalin 1.0 kglha. Among weed-control treatments, unweeded check recorded the highest NPK uptake by the weeds. Fertilizer levels and Rhizobium inoculation to intercrop had no effect on nutrient uptake of maize, but significantly increased the nutrient uptake of soybean.
Effect of different tillage systernson wheat (mticum aestivum) crop
Authors: ARUN KUMAR
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study the effect of different levels of tillage on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) after paddy (Oryza sativa L.) harvest. The tillage systems included one zero- tillage or direct drilling treatment and five tillage treatments varying from one harrowing to six harrowing. Two cultivator and one planking were common in all tillage treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Bulk density and clod mean-weight diameter decreased with increase in the number of tillage operations, which varied from 1.49 to 1.23 glcc and 13.8 mm to 12.5 mm respectively. In the first year of 9 - experiment the zero-tillage yield was on a par with that of tillage treatments and the yields were statistically non-significant in different treatments. However, during the second year of trial the difference in yield and tiller count was statistically significant. Based on 2-year data, it could be inferred that there was no consistency in results of zero-tillage being on a par with that of tillage treatments. Reduced tillage with two harrowings foliowed by two cultivator and one planking treatment was better from economic return point of view.
Weed control in puddled seeded rice (Oryza sativa) with herbicides R.D. VAISHYA , S.K. TOMAR . .
Authors: R.D. VAISHYA  , S.K. TOMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1993 and 1994 to study weed control in puddled seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Post-emergence application of 2,4-D EE Q 0.4 kglha was found promising in reducing the weed dry weightlunit area and in enhancing the yield-attributing characters, viz. number of panicles/ m2, length of panicle, filled grainslpanicle, grain weighvpanicle, grain weight/ panicle and grain yield of puddled broadcast Saket 4 rice and was found most economical too. Unchecked weed growth reduced the crop yield by 39% when corhpared with 2,4-D EE.
Weed management in potato (Solanum tuberosum) grown at different fertility levels in North-east hills
Authors: KAMLA SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season (March July) of 1995 and 1996 at Upper Shillong for controlling weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop grown at varying manuring schedule. All the weed- management practices significantly reduced the weed density and its biomass production within all the manuring schedules. Weed-control efficiency was 68, 65 and 58% with metribuzin. Farmyard manure alone or with fertilizers .significantly increased the tuber yield compared with without farmyard manure. All the weed-management practices significantly increased the tuber reduction. Increase in tuber yield was 122, 97 and 94% with metribuzin, paraquat and cultural practices respectively over the control. The best combination was medium fertility level (1 00, 120 and 150 N, P,O, and K,O/ha and 15 tonnesfha farmyard manure) along with pre-emergence spray of metribuzin which gave 17.2 tonnesfha tuber yield.
Effect of moisture regime and nitrogen on decomposition of combine harvested rice (Oryza sativa) residue and performance of succeeding wheat in rice-wheat system in Punjab
Authors: S. S. BRAR  , SANJZEV KUMAR  , R.S. NARANG
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out at Ludhiana (30 54 N and 75 48 E) on loamy sand soil from 1992-93 to 1994-95, to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation on the decomposition of combine harvested rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue and consequently on stand establishment, growth and yield of suceeding wheat (Tritcum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Application of extra nitrogen @ 40 kg/ha along with 1 irrigation at the time of incorporation of rice straw not only reduced the immobilization of available N but also resulted in quantum jump in . wheat yield. All the growth and yield attributes pf wheat, viz. emergence count, - plant height, effective tillers and graindear significantly improved with additional nitrogen and irrigation as compared to farmers practice of residue burning or residue incorporation, followed by conventional tillage with recommendedlnormal nitrogen and irrigation.
Performance of intervarietal intercropping on rice (Oryza sativa) in summer
Authors: B.K. MANDAL  , B.B. MANDAL  , B. DATTA  , C. PAULAND PADHl A.K.
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1996 and 1997 at Kalyani to study on growth, production potential, competition functions and economics of sativa intervartietal intercropping systems in transplanted summer rice (Oryza L.). An intercropping of Jaya + IR 36 rice at 4:2 planting ratio gave the maximum dry matter, highest number of tillers/m2, matured panicles/m2, filled grainslpanicle and minium percentage of unfilled spikeletslpanicle and resulted in the highest grain yield (6.24 tonnesfha) per unit area and time which was 28.4 and 30.82% higher than sole Jaya ahd IR 36 respectively. This system was also found to be advantageous compared with monocropping of respective component varieties, with the highest land-equivalent ratio (1.29), area-time equivalent ratio (1.23) and relative crowding coefficient (5.58) values. Jaya + IR 36 at 4.2 row ratio proved to be the most remunerative system.with maximum net return (Rs 24,21 I), net production value (1.48), relative value total (1.28), relative net return (1.27) and monetary advantage (7715.3) among the intercropping systems. Net returns accrued with sole Jaya, lR 36 and Pant 4 were increased significantly by Rs 8,687, 8,964 and 7,979ha owing to intercropping of Jaya and IR 36 at 4:2 row ratio respectively.
Productivity and economics of Solanum viarum-based intercropping system
Authors: S. BHASKARI  , T. N. SHIVANANDA  , M. N. ARUN  , G. JANARDHAN  , C. RAMACHANDRA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1995-96 and 1996-97 to study the performance of various intercrops in Solanum viarum Dunal-based intercropping system and find out the effect of intercrops on yield of main crop vis-a-vis economics of the cropping system. The mean dry berry yield of 3.93 tonnestha obtained with S. viarum + clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.j Taubert] system was more than yields realized in pure crop of S. viarum (3.63 tonnestha). Highest base crop equivalents were also realized with this cropping system (5.54 tonnestha), followed by 4.40 tonnes with S. viarum + French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), 4.16 tonnes with S. viarum + soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], 3.83 tonnes with greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) and 3.73 tonnes with S. viarum + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Mean maximum land-equivalent ratio (1.75), net income (Rs 25,581) and income-equivalent ratio (1.61) were also found with S. viarum + clusterbean system.
Influence of farmyard manure, nitrogen and biofertilizers on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under limited water supply
Authors: R. SUSHILA  , GAJENDRA GlRl
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter season (rabq 1994-95 and 1995-96 at New Delhi, on integrated nitrogen management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) Application of farmyard manure (FYM) increased the growth, yield and water-use efficiency of wheat. Application of IV up to 90 kglha also boosted the growth and yield of wheat. An application of FYM recorded the saving of 45 kg Nlha. Both biofertilizers, azospirillum and azotobacter proved effective in enhancing the growth and yield of wheat.
Production potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop as influenced by residual organics, direct and residual fertility levels under rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat cropping system
Authors: D.K. DWIVEDI  , S.S. THAKUR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1995-96 and 1996-97 at Pusa, Bihar, to study the effect of residual organics, residual fertility and fertility levels on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) crop under rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat cropping system. Fertilizers applied to rice crop did not show any significant effect on the succeeding wheat crop. Among the organic manures applied to rice crop, biogas-slurry and rice straw incorporation resulted in significant residual effect. Biogas-slurry recoraed significantly higher grain yield of wheat (39.90 and 40.04 qlha) than rice-straw incorporation (36.94 and 39.00 qlha), green-manure (32.57 and 33.83 qlha) and no organic manure (31.20 and 32.24 qlha) during 1995-96 and 1996-97 respectively. Significantly higher grain yield was obtained with the application of recommended fertilizer level (120, 60 and 40 kg N, P, and Wha) to wheat in both the years.
Effect of different levels of phosphorus and zinc on yield and nutrients uptake of maize (Zea mays) with and without irrigation
Authors: K.C. ARYA  , S.N. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (khanf) season of 1994 and 1995 at New Delhi, to study the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different levels of phosphorus and zinc with and without irrigation. An application of 90 kg P205/ha resulted in significantly more grain and straw yields, nutrients uptake and protein yield, compared with 60, 30 and 0 kg P205/ha. Significantly higher grain and straw yields, nutrients uptake and protein yield of maize were obtained with 30 kg ZnSOdha than 15 kg ZnSO,/ha. Irrigation significantly increased the yields and quality parameters over no irrigation during both the years.
Effect of irrigation and fertilizer on yield, water-use efficiency and nutrient uptake of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: VlNOD KUMAR  , B.C. GHOSH  , RAVl BHAT  , S. KARMAKAR
Published: December 2023

. An experiment conducted was during summer 1993 and 1994 at Kharagpur, to study the influence of fertilizer and,water on yield, water-use-efficiency and nutrient uptake In J 1 1 groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Signlficant Increase In pod yleld was recorded at IW : CPE ratio 0.60, with an average yield of 1,903 kg/ ha. Among the fertilizer treatments, the crop responded signlflcantly at fertilizer level of 30 kg N, 60 kg P20, and 30 kg K20/ha and increase in yleld was 30% hlgher than lower level. Water-use efficiency was also Increased at IW : CPE -- ratio of 0.60 and nutrient level of 30 kg N, 60 kg P205 and 30 kg &O/ha. Uptake of NPK was higher up to 0.8 lW :CPE ratio and fert~l~zer level of 30 kg N, 60 kg P20, and 30 kg &O/ha.
Integrated weed management in rainfed groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: V. SLIMATHI  , V. CHANDRIKA  , A. MUNEENDRA BABU  , A.V. NAGAVANI
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1996, 1997 and 1998 under rainfed conditions on integrated weed management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Alfisols of Triupati. Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin, metolachlor, oxadiazon either at higher or at lower concentration+ hand-weeding at 30 days after sowlng effectively controlled the weed population and reduced the weed denslty compared with the unweeded control. Among the herblcldes tried, pendlmethalln 0.75 kg allha applied at pre-emergence+ 1 hand- weeding at 30 days after sowlng had a pronounced effect on control of weeds, reduced the weed dry matter and led to higher yield attributes, pod yield, weed- control efficiency, lower benefit :cost ratio and hlgher and weed Index and ail these parameters were comparable to that of hand-weeding twlce at 20 and 40 days after sowing
?- Performance of linseed (Linum usitatissimum) varieties under varying sowing and fertilizer management in rainfed condition
Authors: G. P. PAL  , R.S. TRIPATHI
Published: December 2023

I Yield performance of 4 linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties was tested under different sowing methods and fertilizer levels in rainfed condition on clay- clom soils of Raipur, during winter season of 1993-94 and 1994-95. Kiran linseed gave the maximum seed yield, followed by R 552, RLC 29 and Local. Branchestplant, capsuleslplant and seedstcapsule mainly contributed to the seed yield. Skip-row sowing (missing seeding in a row after 3 regular rows) achieved by using three-fourths of the quantity of recommended seeds and fertilizers (18.5 kg seed, 22.5 kg N, 30 kg P205/ha and 15 kg K20/ha) and resulted in the maximum seed and straw yields, and the yields were significantly higher than those obtained from regular sowing with recommended quantity of seeds and fertilizer (25 kg seed, 30 kg N, 40 kg P205 and 20 kg hotha). Increase in fertilizer dose beyond recommended dose did not increase the yields.
Effect of time of sowing and last cut for fodder on phenology of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum)
Authors: VIRENDER SARDANA  , S.S. NARWAL
Published: December 2023

In an experiment conducted with Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), the time taken from sowing to attain different physiological phases (initiation, 50 and 100% flowering and seed maturity) decreased with delay in sowing from 1 October to 15 November and increased with delay in last cut for fodder from 20 February to 11 April. When the time to last fodder cutting was taken into consideration, the days taken to attain different phenophases progressively decreased with delay in last cut for fodder from February to April. The longest reproductive period and the maximum seed yield were registered in 15 November sowing. The longest reproductive phase and the maximum seed yield were also recorded in 12 March cutting date in 1992-93 and 2 March cutting date in 1993- 94. The last fodder cutting taken on 11 April showed the shortest reproductive period and gave the lowest seed yield.
Conservation of organic carbon in relation to crop productivity, yield stability and soil fertility under rice (Oryza sativa) wheat (lkiticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: V. KATYAL  , K.S. GANGWAR  , G. GANGWAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted for 6 years at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, and 7 years at R.S. Pura, Jammu and Kashmir, to study the effect of different management practices on soil organic carbon conservation on crop productivity and soil fertility in rice (0ly.a sativa L.) wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) cropping system. Higher system productivity of 9.30 tonneslha was recorded when 20 kg N/ha was applied in addition to recommended dose of N at Kanpur, while application of recommended dose of N along with 5 tonnes FYM/ ha in rainy season (kharif) gave greater system productivity of 8.49 tonneslha at R.S. Pura. The different management practices of soil organic carbon conservation not only increased the organic carbon in the soil but also improved the soil fertility under nce wheat system at both the locations.
Effect of phosphate fertilization, phosphate solubilizer and plant population on yield and quality of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: N. RAMESH  , R.N. SABALE
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 1994 and 1995 to study the effect of phosphate fertilization, P solubilizer and plant population on yield and quality of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The pod yield was significantly higher under 75 kg P,O ha application along with P solubilizer and with a population density of 0.33 million plantslha (30 cm x 10 cm). Similarly, higher protein percentage and oil content were also observed with 0.33 millionlha, P solubilizer and 75 kg P,O ha.
Effect of nitrogen application on partitioning of biomass, seed yield and harvest index in contrasting genotypes of oilseed brassicas ,
Authors: ANlL KUMAR  , D.P. SINGH  , BIKRAM SINGH  , YASHPAL
Published: December 2023

Five genotypes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Cosson], viz. RH 30 , RH 8814 , GJM 9056 , CS 52 and Kranti , and 1 genotype of Swede rape (Brassica napus L.) cv. GSH 1 were grown to assess the effect of various nitrogen levels (0,40,60 and 80 kg Nlha) on dry matter partitioning, seed yield and harvest index during the winter seasons of 1993 94 and 1994 95. Stem and leaf constituted the major part of plant biomass upto peak flowering (66 days after sowing), onwards and siliquae continued to increase their share to plant . biomass irrespective of nitrogen levels and genotypes. Total dry matter increased significantly up to 60 kglha. For above ground plant biomass, RH 8814 was significantly superior at 66, and 108 days after sowing and at harvest than RH 30 , GJM 9056 , CS 52 , GSH 1 and Kranti. Seed yield increased significantly up to 80 kglha. There were non significant differences in seed yield among Brassica juncea genotypes and all these were significantly superior to Brassica napus GSH 1 . Harvest index increased with the increasing nitrogen levels and RH 30 genotype had the better harvest index than other genotypes.
Response of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) to levels and time of nitrogen application
Authors: M.P.S. ARYA  , R.V. SINGH
Published: December 2023

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Performance of metsulfuron methyl and pendimethalin alone and their mixtures with isoproturon on weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed crop
Authors: NISHA CHOPRA  , HARPAL SINGH  , H.P. TRIPATHI  , N.K. CHOPRA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1996 97 and 1997 98 to study the comparative performance of different herbicides, their combinations and their reduced doses for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori 81Paol.) seed crop. Unchecked weeds caused nearly 37.7% seed yield loss. Maximum seed yield of 39.9 and 33.66 q/ha was recorded in weed free treatment respectively during both the years. This high yielding treatment was significantly at par with sequential application of herbicides and herbicide mixture but was statistically significant to full and half doses of Pendimethalin and Metsulfuron methyl in both the years. Pendimethalin Q 1.0 kg a.i./ha and Metsulfuron Q 0.008 kg a.i./ha significantly increased seed yield over unweeded control. Reduced dose of lsoproturon Q 0.5 kg a.i./ha, Pendimethalin Q 0.5 kg a.i./ha and Metsulfuron Q 0.004 kg a.i./ha was least effective in controlling weeds and had minimum impact on enhancing seed yield over the control.
Performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) varieties as influeked by sulphur with and without phosphorus
Authors: B.G. SHIVAKUMAR
Published: December 2023

. A 2 year field experiment was conducted at New Delhi during 1993 95 with 3 varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) ( Biogreen , BG 256 and BG 209 ) and 5 levels of S and P (0, 40,80 kg Slha, 40 kg S 40 kg P20, and 80 kg S 40 kg P20 ha). Biogreen recorded significantly higher seed yield than the other varieties, while BG 209 recorded the least seed yield. Application of S with or without P recorded significantly higher seed yield up to 40 kg Slha only. Addition of P with S showed significantly higher seed yield than S alone. Most of the growth and yield attributes too showed similar trend except seedslpod, test weight and harvest index.
Response of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tdirrigation and weed management in Calciothrents of north Bihar
Authors: S.J. SINGH  , S.M. PRASAD  , K.K. SlNHA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1995 96 and 1996 97 to study the response of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaiis L.) to moisture regimes and weed management at Pusa, Bihar. Weed counts and weed dry weight increased with increment in irrigation levels, but values were non significant. Hand weeding proved its superiority by lowering these values, followed by dichlofop and pendimethalin. Plant height, leaf area index and branchesfplant increased with increment in irrigation level. These values were significantly higher in hand weeded condition. Both the herbicides were statistically at par to hand weeding but significantly superior to weedy check. All the yield attributes as well as yields gf french bean increased with increment in irrigation levels. The same were highest in case of hand weeding, while lowest under weedy condition. Both the herbicides being at par with each other were also at par with hand weeding except the seed and straw yields obtained during . 1996 97.
Impact of seeding time on yield components and yield of soybean (Glycine genotypes in Southern Telangana ma.) zone of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: V. RADHAKRISHNA MURTHY  , V. SATYANARAYANA  , SHAIK MOHAMMAD
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons af 1996 97 and 1997 98 and summer season of 1997 on Alfisols of Hyderabad, to study the impact of seeding time on the performance of different genotypes of soybean [Glycine maw (L.) Merr.]. Genotypes differed significantly in expressing their yield potential under different dates of seeding in both winter and summer. The long duration genotype MACS 201 (120 days duration) proved superior to all other genotypes in terms of yield components and seed yield. Genotype MACS 330 (72 days duration) performed poor, with lowest seed yield in both the seasons. The effect of seeding time was pronounced in both the seasons but the seed yields decreased with delay in the time of seeding soybean genotypes. The seed yield was high during winter season when sown on 15 October and 25 January in summer season.
Growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by levels of farmyard manure and nitrogen
Authors: RAVINDRA SINGHI  , S.K. AGARWAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 1996 97 and 1997 98 on sandy loam soils of Hisar, Haryana, to study the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) and nitrogen on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.). Application of graded levels of nitrogen and recommended dose of MPZn fertilizer significantly enhanced number of tillers at 45 days after sowing, plant height, dry matter accumulation, effective tillers, grainsfspike, grain, straw and biological yields. The plant height, dry matter accumulation, effective tillers, grainsfspike, grain, straw and biological yields increased significantly with the graded levels of FYM up to 20 tonnesfha, but the response decreased with the increase of FYM from 20 to 30 tonnesfha. Interactive effect of FYM and nitrogen levels on grain yield of wheat showed that integration of recommended NPZn and 10 tonnes FYMfha or 120 kg Mfha and 20 tonnesfha FYM was found to be superior than other combinations.