bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Du trauma au traumatisme organisateur : jeux de reflets transféro/contre-transférentiels
Authors: Givre Philippe
Published: July 2021

D’une actualité remarquable, l’héritage ferenczien propose des repères fondamentaux sur la clinique du traumatisme. Dans cette lignée de pensée, le différentiel trauma/traumatisme met à jour comment le trauma, en suscitant des effractions particulièrement désorganisatrices, touche des aménagements psychiques archaïques, alors que le traumatisme génère un niveau de désorganisation plus secondarisé qui n’entrave pas la relation à l’objet, ni l’intrication pulsionnelle. Si, le traumatisme se réfère au traumatisme sexuel de la théorie freudienne de la séduction, celui de l’identification hystérique et du refoulement, le trauma lui empêche toute possibilité d’appropriation subjective, pour devenir une source permanente d’excitation. Il induit un clivage narcissique avec l’apparition de deux personnalités qui ne veulent rien savoir l’une de l’autre, avec pour corolaire la rupture entre éprouvés et intelligence. Pour le sujet, la confiance dans le témoignage de ses propres sens est brisée et il devient impossible pour lui de relier ce qui est pensé et ce qui est ressenti. Le travail clinique auprès de ces patients, devra être particulièrement attentif aux résurgences progressives des éléments sensoriels qui émergent lors du processus d’historicisation favorisé par le site analytique, afin que ceux-ci puissent se relier avec l’intellect et avec les éprouvés traumatiques. Pour parvenir à atténuer la portée subjective de ces « traumatismes sans fin », il faut que se produise également une domestication du trauma grâce au reflet traumatique qui s’opère chez l’analyste, celui-ci subissant l’impact du « trauma désorganisateur », mais en réussissant à le vivre de son côté dans le registre du traumatisme organisateur.
Rencontre avec Daniel Zagury
Authors: Mouguen Axel , Morin Laurent , Abdelaoui Emmanuel , Fortineau Jacques , Martin Brice
Published: July 2021

Le psychiatre Daniel Zagury offre à Perspectives Psy un entretien dans lequel il revient sur son parcours, ses joies, ses déceptions, ses interrogations. Cette rencontre est l’occasion de revenir plus largement sur le regard que ce grand clinicien porte sur la psychiatrie, son évolution et sur la passion qu’il voue à cette discipline.
Procurement Transformation in Digital World
Authors: Číž Josef , Krechovská Michaela , Palacká Alena
Published: July 2021

Technological development and progress in digitization permeate all areas of life, of course not excluding companies and their activities and individual business processes. In this paper, we focus on the area of corporate procurement as one of the key areas for fulfilling corporate goals and its transformation in the age of digitalization. The paper aims to identify the changing function of procurement and possible opportunities of digitalization for the development of procurement and its role in organization. As the results shown, procurement is a value-creating process that is changed by the digitalization. It is moving from a traditional focus on cost reduction to value creation through dynamic cooperation and building relationships with business partners. Procurement is beginning to play an increasingly strategic role in organizations. It becomes a partner to support business efficiency and the creation of new business models.
Is it Possible to Predict Earnings per Share?
Authors: Kmeťko Miroslav , Hyránek Eduard
Published: July 2021

The publication of quarterly results of publicly traded companies can have a significant impact on the valuation of their shares. This is mainly concerned with the valuation of the shares, whether it is correct, and at the same time as a prediction of the overall annual financial results. It In most of the analysed companies, we found that most of the year-on-year changes were negative. It is also not possible to draw a clear conclusion about the linear relationship between the percentage change pf surprises and the change in the market price of shares. It should also be noted that the share price in the monitored days may be affected by the current market situation. What this means in practice is that, despite the positive results and the negative mood, stock prices can end up in negative values. However, this situation was not the subject of our research. Therefore, we used a correlation coefficient for this dependence, which represent the mutual movement.
Resilience and sustainability of creative industries businesses
Authors: Majdúchová Helena , Rybárová Daniela
Published: July 2021

The importance of the creative economy for the development of society not only from an economic but also from a social and cultural point of view has been the subject of numerous scientific and professional studies. The connecting link between them is the observation that creativity has been considered in recent years as a new type of competitive advantage. As a generator of added value for all businesses, the creative industries have unlimited growth potential and are thus seen as a route to sustainable development. One of the problems of the creative industry is to obtain resources for business development. This paper examines the financial structure of selected areas of the creative industries in the Slovak Republic, using mean values for 2016-2019, correlation and regression analysis of financial data in 2019 (before the negative impact of COVID19). The findings point to the absence of credit sources, which confirms the fact that these businesses are perceived as risky and unstable by banks and financial institutions in the Slovak Republic.
Dimensions of the creative industry in individual regions of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Šagátová Slavka
Published: July 2021

The creative industries are an area of the economy that uses human creativity for their production and thus becomes an important sector in promoting the ideas of sustainable development. However, differences of opinion in the definition of the term keat industry complicate the study of its potential. The present article therefore focuses on identifying the basic areas of the creative industries and revealing their links to other elements of the economy. It also examines the representation of the creative industry in individual regions of the Slovak Republic in terms of their number and achieved revenues. The survey confirms the presence of the creative industry in all regions of the Slovak Republic. Its greatest concentration is in large cities and the most represented industry is the advertising industry.
The relevance of educational fairs in the 21st century – decision matrix for exhibitors and visitors to participate
Authors: Schulze Susanne , Markovič Peter
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article is to consider why exhibitors and visitors participate in educational fairs and whether these kinds of trade fairs are important for the professional and study orientation of young professionals. The main content of the article is to demonstrate the relevance of educational fairs and their opportunities and to show a basis for decisionmaking for exhibitors on how to determine whether a cost-intensive participation in an educational fair is worthwhile.

In principle, the analysis of current literature has shown that education fairs take place in large numbers, especially in Germany, and there is a desire for such presence and direct contact with target groups, especially under the current limitations of the Corona pandemic.

Based on research using expert interviews and an online survey, results were generated as to what information provides, why exhibitors and visitors use educational fairs. In conjunction with the literature research, criteria of exhibitors and visitors were compared for participation in the educational fair and then the decision criteria were merged into a pestel analysis. Finally, necessary decisions were summarised on educational fair planning, exhibition execution and educational fair analysis.

Educational fairs give exhibitors the possibility of direct contact with target groups and feedback. For visitors, educational fairs provide an overview of offers, possibly new impetus for educational offers or by practical testing the consolidation of the career wish.

It is to be expected that educational fairs will remain an important marketing tool in the future, possibly establishing hybrid formats.
Negative Effects caused by COVID-19 on Critical Path of Construction Projects
Authors: Haas Oliver , Markovič Peter
Published: July 2021

Begun in 2020 COVID-19 disease spread all over the globe and negatively affected all areas of human activities and societies inclusive engineering and construction projects. This paper analyses how COVID-19 implications can be used as a general excuse by a construction company to relief from contractual obligations, e.g., liquidated damages. To answer this question, we compared existing case law, previous court decision and project management literature with potential global and force majeure arguments based on COVID-19 cases. Our results showed that a general “free out of jail” card using COVID-19 argument is not applicable and COVID-19 cannot be seen per se as a force majeure in general and for every situation. However, if the effects from COVID-19 implications are beyond the parties’ control and evidence shows that the contractor is actually disrupted and severely delayed the contractor is entitled for an extension of time or a delayed delivery of his performances. The paper concludes among other details that a COVID-19 argument can only be based on existing contractual provisions, accurate records of the as-built situation, proper notices of all kind of impacts and cause-and-effect considerations. Despite of any warning and if a contractor decides to rely on a global COVID-19 argument only it is a very risky endeavor and may backfire on him later on.
Strategic management tools and their application in innovation processes
Authors: Kufelová Iveta , Raková Monika
Published: July 2021

The development of new technologies and innovation processes lead companies to improve their processes, resulting in new products all the time. Throughout the product life cycle, a firm incurs various costs related to the activities carried out in the pre-production, production and post-production phases. The essence of strategic management tools is to optimize costs throughout the product life cycle, focusing on the different stages. Such tools include target costing, kaizen and life cycle costing
Selected Approaches of the Behavioral Economics in Post Pandemic Management
Authors: Súkeník Norbert , Jankelová Nadežda
Published: July 2021

Changes in organizational behavior, decision-making processes, human thinking and action are the subject of an exploration of the increasingly popular behavioral economy. We assume that her knowledge gained from various economic or psychological experiments in recent decades can help managers understand the specifics of human behavior and action. The Covid crisis and the pitfalls it brings pose new challenges for managers. Knowledge of behavioral economics and descriptive approaches to decision making allows us to understand how people act in real conditions. This knowledge can help managers streamline management and become better leaders. The paper deals with the benefits of behavioral economics for managers in the process of “reopening” the economy and its main goal is to highlight the knowledge and solutions of behavioral economics, usable for postpandemic management. To meet the goal, it is necessary to describe the changes and new specifics of the environment affected by the pandemic crisis in the first, theoretical part of the work. After analyzing these changes and evaluating them, we look for the answers offered by behavioral economics in the final part of the paper. Based on the empirically obtained knowledge of mainly foreign authors, we present several examples of their practical application in the newly created management environment.
COVID-19-Pandemie in der ambulanten Dialyse
Authors: Weinreich Thomas , Gehlen Frank , Hergesell Olaf , Hohenstein Bernd
Published: July 2021

In der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie sind Patienten mit chronischen Nierenerkrankungen und hierbei besonders chronische Dialysepatienten einem hohen Infektionsrisiko und im Falle einer Infektion mit Abstand dem höchsten Mortalitätsrisiko aller prädisponierenden Erkrankungen ausgesetzt. Ambulante Dialyseeinrichtungen erbringen dabei den Großteil der Versorgung dieser Patienten in Deutschland mit der lebensnotwendigen Nierenersatztherapie. Die Pandemie stellt diese Zentren vor enorme medizinische und organisatorische Herausforderungen. Insbesondere die Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter in der Pflege können sich dem direkten Kontakt mit den Patienten und damit auch potenziellen Infektionsquellen nicht entziehen. Neben der erst spät im Laufe der Pandemie in ausreichender Menge zur Verfügung stehenden Schutzausrüstung enttäuschte und frustrierte viele Pflegekräfte, Ärztinnen und Ärzte in diesen Zentren die Nichtberücksichtigung in einer prioritären Impfgruppe – sowohl von Mitarbeitern als auch Patienten – und die konsequente Verweigerung vonseiten des Bundesgesundheitsministeriums, auch diese Pflegekräfte bei der Ausschüttung eines Corona-Bonus miteinzubeziehen. Im Folgenden sind die Erfahrungen und der Umgang mit der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie in der ambulanten Dialyse am Beispiel einer großen überörtlichen nephrologischen Praxis dargestellt.
Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie
Authors: Frei Ulrich
Published: July 2021

Mit SARS-CoV-2 (Schweres Akutes Respiratorisches Syndrom Coronavirus 2) wurde die Welt von einer Pandemie erfasst, auf die weder die Nephrologie noch alle anderen Bereiche des Gesundheitswesens oder des gesamten gesellschaftlichen Lebens vorbereitet waren. Im öffentlichen Gesundheitswesen zeigte sich ein gravierender Personalmangel sowie Engpässe bei Intensivkapazitäten und Material. Föderaler Eigensinn und schwere Defizite in der Digitalisierung sowie mangelnde Laborkapazität traten zutage. Die Nephrologie ist in der Pandemie besonders gefordert, weil sie zum einen eine Hochrisikopopulation zu behandeln hat und zum anderen ein hoher Anteil der intensivpflichtigen Patienten ein akutes Nierenversagen entwickelt und eine Nierenersatztherapie benötigt. Die Belastung der pflegerischen und ärztlichen Mitarbeiter war und ist immens, viele waren selbst an COVID-19 (COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease 2019) erkrankt. Die Entwicklung neuer, wirksamer Impfstoffe in so kurzer Zeit war eine herausragende Leistung. Nur die Impfung ist der Weg aus der Pandemie. Völlig unverständlich ist, dass die hoch vulnerablen Dialysepatienten nicht in die höchste Prioritätsstufe aufgenommen wurden. Die Politik sollte die Erkenntnisse der Wissenschaft zielstrebig umsetzen. Für die Zukunft ist zu lernen, dass es notwendig ist, finanzierte Reserven vorzuhalten.
Beflügelnd – Spendenlauf für Rückenmarksforschung
Authors: Breuer Julian
Published: July 2021

Am 9. Mai 2021 fand der Wings for Life World Run statt. Die gleichnamige Stiftung sammelte an diesem Tag 4,1 Millionen Euro für die Rückenmarksforschung. Mit dabei: Julian Breuer und fünf seiner Patient*innen. Er trainierte gemeinsam mit ihnen über mehrere Wochen für ihr großes Ziel: auf eigenen Beinen am Wings for Life World Run teilnehmen.
Value of PET imaging for radiation therapy
Authors: Lapa Constantin , Nestle Ursula , Albert Nathalie L. , Baues Christian , Beer Ambros , Buck Andreas , Budach Volker , Bütof Rebecca , Combs Stephanie E. , Derlin Thorsten , Eiber Matthias , Fendler Wolfgang P. , Furth Christian , Gani Cihan , Gkika Eleni , Grosu Anca L. , Henkenberens Christoph , Ilhan Harun , Löck Steffen , Marnitz-Schulze Simone , Miederer Matthias , Mix Michael , Nicolay Nils H. , Niyazi Maximilian , Pöttgen Christoph , Rödel Claus M. , Schatka Imke , Schwarzenboeck Sarah M. , Todica Andrei S. , Weber Wolfgang , Wegen Simone , Wiegel Thomas , Zamboglou Constantinos , Zips Daniel , Zöphel Klaus , Zschaeck Sebastian , Thorwarth Daniela , Troost Esther G.C. ,   on behalf of “Arbeitsgemeinschaft Nuklearmedizin und Strahlentherapie der DEGRO und DGN”
Published: July 2021

This comprehensive review written by experts in their field gives an overview on the current status of incorporating positron emission tomography (PET) into radiation treatment planning. Moreover, it highlights ongoing studies for treatment individualisation and per-treatment tumour response monitoring for various primary tumours. Novel tracers and image analysis methods are discussed. The authors believe this contribution to be of crucial value for experts in the field as well as for policy makers deciding on the reimbursement of this powerful imaging modality.
The Transformation of Intracranial Subdural Hygroma to Chronic Subdural Hematoma Following Endoscopic Spinal Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Guang-Xun , Chen Chien-Min , Kim Jin-Sung , Song Kwan-Su
Published: July 2021

Background We present the case of an intracranial subdural hygroma resulting from intraoperatively undetected dural tear after unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spine surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis.

Case Description An 80-year-old woman presented with insidious onset, gradually progressing low back pain, and right leg pain of 1-year duration. The pain radiated to the right L4–L5 dermatomes. Neurogenic intermittent claudication was <300 m. Motor function was normal. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging showed a lateral recess stenosis at the L3–L4 and L4–L5 levels. These lesions were operated on by the UBE decompression technique.

No major complications were encountered during the operation. But soon we found out that there was an undiscovered dura tear. We placed the patient under close observation for 2 weeks. After 30 days, we confirmed that subdural hygroma had changed to chronic subdural hematoma. Conservative treatment was continued. On postoperative day 90), the condition was stable and the symptoms improved completely.

Conclusions We concluded that a spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage can result in an intracranial subdural hygroma. Intracranial subdural hygromas and hematomas after lumbar spinal surgery should be cautiously assessed and treated.
Computer Adaptive Testing for the Assessment of Anomia Severity
Authors: Fergadiotis Gerasimos , Casilio Marianne , Hula William D. , Swiderski Alexander
Published: July 2021

Anomia assessment is a fundamental component of clinical practice and research inquiries involving individuals with aphasia, and confrontation naming tasks are among the most commonly used tools for quantifying anomia severity. While currently available confrontation naming tests possess many ideal properties, they are ultimately limited by the overarching psychometric framework they were developed within. Here, we discuss the challenges inherent to confrontation naming tests and present a modern alternative to test development called item response theory (IRT). Key concepts of IRT approaches are reviewed in relation to their relevance to aphasiology, highlighting the ability of IRT to create flexible and efficient tests that yield precise measurements of anomia severity. Empirical evidence from our research group on the application of IRT methods to a commonly used confrontation naming test is discussed, along with future avenues for test development.
The Communicative Participation Item Bank: Evaluating, and Reevaluating, Its Use across Communication Disorders in Adults
Authors: Baylor Carolyn , Eadie Tanya , Yorkston Kathryn
Published: July 2021

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are essential in patient-centered, evidence-based practice in speech-language pathology. PROs respect individuals who live with communication disorders as key stakeholders providing a critically unique perspective on consequences of communication disorders, and whether interventions bring about meaningful changes. Some PROs focus on specific communication symptoms such as voice or language symptom severity, while others focus on broader constructs such as quality of life. Many PROs target specific diagnostic groups. This article presents the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB), a PRO that measures communicative participation restrictions. The CPIB was based on the concept of participation, or engagement in life situations, as defined in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. It was designed to be relevant for adults across different communication disorders to facilitate clinical and research activities that may involve either comparing or aggregating data across communication disorders. The CPIB follows current PRO development protocols including systematic guidance from stakeholders through cognitive interviews, and the measurement methods of Item Response Theory that allow precise and adaptive assessment. This article reviews use of the CPIB across different diagnostic groups, and identifies needs for future efforts to expand the relevance of the CPIB further.
Use, Impact, Weaknesses, and Advanced Features of Search Functions for Clinical Use in Electronic Health Records: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hill Jordan R. , Visweswaran Shyam , Ning Xia , Schleyer Titus K.
Published: July 2021

Objective Although vast amounts of patient information are captured in electronic health records (EHRs), effective clinical use of this information is challenging due to inadequate and inefficient access to it at the point of care. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review of the literature on the use of EHR search functions within a single patient's record in clinical settings to characterize the current state of research on the topic and identify areas for future study.

Methods We conducted a literature search of four databases to identify articles on within-EHR search functions or the use of EHR search function in the context of clinical tasks. After reviewing titles and abstracts and performing a full-text review of selected articles, we included 17 articles in the analysis. We qualitatively identified themes in those articles and synthesized the literature for each theme.

Results Based on the 17 articles analyzed, we delineated four themes: (1) how clinicians use search functions, (2) impact of search functions on clinical workflow, (3) weaknesses of current search functions, and (4) advanced search features. Our review found that search functions generally facilitate patient information retrieval by clinicians and are positively received by users. However, existing search functions have weaknesses, such as yielding false negatives and false positives, which can decrease trust in the results, and requiring a high cognitive load to perform an inclusive search of a patient's record.

Conclusion Despite the widespread adoption of EHRs, only a limited number of articles describe the use of EHR search functions in a clinical setting, despite evidence that they benefit clinician workflow and productivity. Some of the weaknesses of current search functions may be addressed by enhancing EHR search functions with collaborative filtering.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Other Immunodeficiency Syndromes in Bronchiectasis
Authors: McShane Pamela J.
Published: July 2021

Immunodeficiency represents a vast number of diseases and syndromes. Both primary and secondary forms of immunodeficiency are important contributors to the development of bronchiectasis. Primary immune deficiencies, in particular, are increasingly identified and defined as contributors. Specific immune deficiencies that are closely associated with bronchiectasis and as discussed in this article are common variable immunodeficiency, specific antibody deficiency, immunodeficiencies involving immunoglobulin E, DOCK8 immunodeficiency, phosphoglucomutase 3 deficiency, activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta syndrome, and X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Each of these primary immune deficiencies has unique nuances. Vigilance for these unique signs and symptoms is likely to improve recognition of specific immunodeficiency in the idiopathic bronchiectasis patient. Secondary forms of immunodeficiency occur as a result of a separate disease process. Graft versus host disease, malignancy, and human immunodeficiency virus are three classic examples discussed in this article. An awareness of the potential for these disease settings to lead to bronchiectasis is necessary to optimize patient care. With understanding and mindfulness toward the intricate relationship between bronchiectasis and immunodeficiency, there is an opportunity to elucidate pathophysiologic underpinnings between these two syndromes.
Airway Clearance and Mucoactive Therapies
Authors: Muñoz Castro Gerard , Balañá Corberó Ana
Published: July 2021

The respiratory system is constantly exposed to external pathogens but has different and effective defense systems. The pathophysiology of bronchiectasis affects the defense system considerably in that alterations occur in the airway that reduce its effectiveness in mucociliary clearance and the greater presence of mucins leads to the accumulation of more adherent and viscous mucus. One of the pillars of treatment of this disease should be improvement of mucociliary clearance and a decrease in the adherence and viscosity of the mucus. To this end, the mobilization of secretions must be increased through effective respiratory physiotherapy techniques, which can be manual and/or instrumental. The properties of mucus can be modified to improve its mobilization through the use of a mucoactive agent. Despite the increase in the number and quality of studies, the evidence for these treatments remains scarce, although their application is recommended in all guidelines.
Aspergillus-Associated Endophenotypes in Bronchiectasis
Authors: Jaggi Tavleen Kaur , Ter Soo Kai , Mac Aogáin Micheál , Chotirmall Sanjay H.
Published: July 2021

Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition of global relevance resulting in permanent and irreversible structural airway damage. Bacterial infection in bronchiectasis is well studied; however, recent molecular studies identify fungi as important pathogens, either independently or in association with bacteria. Aspergillus species are established fungal pathogens in cystic fibrosis and their role is now increasingly being recognized in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. While the healthy airway is constantly exposed to ubiquitously present Aspergillus conidia in the environment, anatomically damaged airways appear more prone to colonization and subsequent infection by this fungal group. Aspergilli possess diverse immunopathological mechanistic capabilities and when coupled with innate immune defects in a susceptible host, such as that observed in bronchiectasis, it may promote a range of clinical manifestations including sensitization, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Aspergillus bronchitis, and/or invasive aspergillosis. How such clinical states influence “endophenotypes” in bronchiectasis is therefore of importance, as each Aspergillus-associated disease state has overlapping features with bronchiectasis itself, and can evolve, depending on underlying host immunity from one type into another. Concurrent Aspergillus infection complicates the clinical course and exacerbations in bronchiectasis and therefore dedicated research to better understand the Aspergillus-host interaction in the bronchiectasis airway is now warranted.
Characteristics of Pediatric Stroke and Association of Delayed Diagnosis with Mortality in a Mexican Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Garza-Alatorre Gerardo , Carrion-Garcia Ana Luisa , Falcon-Delgado Alfredo , Garza-Davila Elda Carolina , Martinez-Ponce de Leon Angel R , Botello-Hernandez Edgar
Published: July 2021

Background and objectives Pediatric cerebrovascular disease carries significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of a pediatric stroke as well and its most common risk factors are important, but that diagnosis is often delayed. It is believed that the incidence in our center is higher than it appears. This study aims to assess the incidence and characteristics of the pediatric stroke in our university hospital. Likewise, this study seeks to evaluate if a longer symptoms-to-diagnosis time is associated with mortality in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods A retrospective study including children with stroke admitted to the UANL University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016.

Results A total of 41 patients and 46 stroke episodes were admitted. About 45.7% had an ischemic stroke and 54.3% had a hemorrhagic stroke. A mortality of 24.4% and a morbidity of 60.9% were recorded. Regarding ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, an increased symptoms-to-diagnosis time and a higher mortality were obtained with a relative risk of 2.667 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–6.524, p = 0.013) and 8.0 (95% CI: 2.18–29.24, p = < 0.0001), respectively. A continuous increase in the incidence rate, ranging from 4.57 to 13.21 per 1,000 admissions comparing the first period (2013) versus the last period (2016), p = 0.02, was found in our center.

Conclusions Pediatric stroke is a rare disease; however, its incidence shows a continuous increase. More awareness toward pediatric stroke is needed.
Experimental realization of scalar and vector perfect Laguerre–Gaussian beams
Authors: Liu Xin , Monfared Yashar E. , Pan Ruixuan , Ma Pujuan , Cai Yangjian , Liang Chunhao
Published: July 2021

The generation of a perfect optical vortex (POV) has been an important area of research since the concept was introduced by Ostrovsky et al. [Opt. Lett. 38, 534 (2013)]. In this Letter, we provide the details of the experimental demonstration of a POV using perfect Laguerre–Gaussian beams via a phase-only spatial light modulator. The perfect beam properties, including radius, beam width, and ring thickness, are investigated in detail. We verify the vortex nature of the proposed perfect Laguerre–Gaussian beams including their topological charge value and sign. Finally, in addition to the scalar beams, we propose the vector perfect Laguerre–Gaussian beams both theoretically and experimentally and evaluate their perfect characteristics. The derived results clearly illustrate the perfect characteristics of such beams independent of the polarization state. The findings reported here can find significant applications in various fields including optical tweezers, optical imaging, and high capacity optical communications.
Field enhancement optimization of growing curved structures using the Loewner equation
Authors: de Carvalho Neto Edgar Marcelino , de Assis Thiago A. , de Castilho Caio M. C. , Andrade Roberto F. S.
Published: July 2021

The local electrostatic field enhancement factor (FEF) is analytically evaluated close to the tip of growing protrusions with quasi-one-dimensional curved geometries. This evaluation is done by using conformal transformations obtained as solutions to the Loewner equation under appropriate boundary conditions. This work allows us to detect the maximal FEF achieved during the growth of curved structures, providing theoretical support for its optimization, which is useful for the understanding of electrostatic interactions of complex free-form microstructured curved shapes.
Optical nonreciprocity using four-wave mixing in hot atoms
Authors: Song Fei , Wang Zhiping , Li Enze , Huang Zhixiang , Yu Benli , Shi Baosen
Published: July 2021

Nonreciprocal optical devices are important in wide areas, ranging from optical telecommunications to signal processing. Here, we experimentally realize the magnet-free and cavity-free optical nonreciprocity based on phase-matched four-wave mixing (FWM) in hot atoms. Specifically, the isolation of more than 20 dB and insertion loss less than 1 dB without using any optical cavity can be achieved simultaneously. Our results provide general insights into a broad class of parametrically modulated nonreciprocal behavior, paving the way toward optimal nonreciprocal devices based on the nonlinear FWM process.
First-principles calculations of spontaneous polarization in ScAlN
Authors: Furuta Koga , Hirata Kenji , Anggraini Sri Ayu , Akiyama Morito , Uehara Masato , Yamada Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to obtain a systematic insight into the scandium (Sc) concentration dependence of the spontaneous polarization (Psp) in ScxAl1−xN by using first-principles calculations. From the calculated results, we observe that a structural change from a c-axis polarized wurtzite structure to a nonpolarized layered hexagonal structure takes place at x = 0.67, and the spontaneous polarization decreases nonlinearly with a change in the Sc concentration. Furthermore, we calculate the spontaneous polarizations from each cation individually and find that the spontaneous polarization from aluminum–nitrogen (Al–N) (PspAlN) is higher than that from scandium–nitrogen (Sc–N) (PspScN). This difference in spontaneous polarization arising from the cationic origin is attributed to the difference in the internal parameter along the c axis (Δu3k) based on the layered hexagonal structure.
Changes in the hydrodynamic stability of plane porous-Couette flow due to vertical throughflow
Authors: Shankar B. M. , Shivakumara I. S.
Published: July 2021

A detailed study on the linear stability of plane porous-Couette flow in the presence of a uniform vertical throughflow using the Brinkman–extended Darcy equation has been presented. The equivalent of the Orr–Sommerfeld eigenvalue problem is formulated and solved numerically using the Chebyshev collocation method. The throughflow introduces an asymmetry in the basic flow amounting to the existence of a different set of onset modes. The contributions of the throughflow dependent modified Reynolds number and the modified porous parameter on the critical values defining the threshold for the onset of instability are presented. It is found that the stability characteristics of plane Couette flow in a porous medium in the presence of throughflow are remarkably different from no throughflow and non-porous cases.
Comb-locked cavity-assisted double-resonance molecular spectroscopy based on diode lasers
Authors: Hu C.-L. , Wang J. , Hua T.-P. , Liu A.-W. , Sun Y. R. , Hu S.-M.
Published: July 2021

Interactions between a molecule and two or more laser fields are of great interest in various studies, but weak and highly overlapping transitions hinder precision measurements. We present the method of comb-locked cavity-assisted double resonance spectroscopy based on narrow-linewidth continuous-wave lasers, which allows for state-selective pumping and probing of molecules. By locking two near-infrared diode lasers to one cavity with a finesse at the order of 105, we measured all three types of double resonances. Carbon monoxide molecules with selected speeds along the laser beam were excited to vibrationally excited states, and absorption spectra with sub-MHz linewidths were observed. Positions of double resonance transitions were determined with an accuracy of 3.7 kHz, which was verified by comparing to Lamb-dip measurements. The present work paves the way to the pump–probe study of highly excited molecules with unprecedented precision.
Measurement of real phase distribution of a vortex beam propagating in free space based on an improved heterodyne interferometer
Authors: Guo Jinmiao , Zheng Shijie , Zhou Kainan , Feng Guoying
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes an improved heterodyne interferometer to measure the real phase distribution of vortex beams propagating in free space. The fundamental mode Gaussian beam passes through the vortex phase plate and has one or more phase transitions of 2π along the angular direction. Such vortex beams undergo phase distortion during transmission, and their complex phase distribution is difficult to measure. The improved heterodyne interferometer proposed in this study successfully measures the phase distortion, demonstrating high spatial resolution and phase measurement accuracy. Both the theoretical and the experimental results show that in the process of free space propagation, the phase jump intersection boundary transforms from a straight line into a twisted line and that the phase distribution gradually becomes a spiral phase distribution followed by a ring intensity distribution corresponding to further increase in the propagation distance. The proposed method is estimated to be capable of predicting the variation of the vortex beams based on the research conducted on the interaction between the vortex beams and the atmospheric turbulence.
High-performance ultra-broadband absorption–diffusion integrated metasurface
Authors: Ran Yuzhou , Shi Lihua , Wang Jianbao , Ma Yao , Li Jie , Liu Yicheng
Published: July 2021

We propose an absorption–diffusion integrated metasurface that achieves high-performance stealth of electromagnetic waves with high angular stability in an ultrabroad frequency band. To this end, we designed two types of absorbing meta-atoms with reflection coefficients less than −10 dB in the broadband, which can maintain a phase difference of ∼180° in the range of 5.35–13.5 GHz. Then, the genetic algorithm is utilized to optimize the relationship between the arbitrary coding sequence of meta-atoms and their far-field patterns to obtain the optimal arrangement of the meta-atoms of the metasurface. The simulation and test results of the sample show that the polarization-independent radar cross section (RCS) reduction characteristic over −10 dB in the broadband range (4–18 GHz in simulation and 4.8–16.8 GHz in test) can be achieved. Particularly, the proposed metasurface achieves RCS reduction values over −30 dB in the 7.7–12.4 GHz range. At the same time, the RCS reduction behavior of −10 dB can be maintained to 45° oblique incidence. Experiment and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the present scheme, and the proposed metasurface exhibits better RCS reduction performance than other published literature. This work is of great significance for the rapid design of high-performance absorption–diffusion integrated metasurfaces, which have important prospects in stealth, camouflage, and other related applications.
Light harvesting coating design accelerated by deep learning for semi-transparent polymer solar cells
Authors: Chen Hongnan , Ruan Yi , Yang Chenying , Zhang Ting , Li Kan
Published: July 2021

The reduction in optical loss in polymer solar cells (PSCs) plays a crucial role in the development of high-performance PSCs devices. Especially for the semi-transparent PSCs, high reflective transparent electrodes lead to low energy utilization. Optical multi-layer coating is proven to be an effective approach to reduce the reflection and transmission loss. In this work, a double-sided PSCs device coating strategy was used to reduce the device optical loss. Optical coating design on a multi-layer PSCs device is far more complex. The dispersion and thickness of each layer both have an impact on the optical property. Meanwhile, the illuminance spectrum is based on the solar AM1.5 spectrum rather than a common-used standard illuminance CIE-E spectrum. It brings many difficulties to the optical design, and the global optimization is generally time-consuming. To fast solve the optimization problem in optical design of the multi-layer coating for PSCs, we combine deep learning (DL) method with hybrid optimization algorithms. By designing a multi-layer device structure to achieve the highest light harvesting with tandem simplex simulated annealing and assisted simplex simulated annealing, we show unambiguously that DL is a powerful tool to minimize the computation cost and maximize the design efficiency for optical multi-layer design. The optical loss of the semi-transparent device is reduced from 52.71% to 27.95%, and the simulation time is reduced by a factor of 276 compared with standard simplex simulated annealing. This provides an efficient optical design strategy in multi-layer coating design for PSCs to achieve desired optical performance.
Low-pressure discharge with hollow cathode and hollow anode in a trigger unit of pseudospark switch
Authors: Korolev Y. D. , Landl N. V. , Frants O. B. , Argunov G. A. , Geyman V. G. , Bolotov A. V. , Nekhoroshev V. O. , Kasyanov V. S.
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the investigations of the auxiliary glow discharge in the trigger unit of the pseudospark switch. The trigger unit communicates with the grounded electrode of the main high-voltage gap due to the aperture in the flat part of one of the trigger electrodes. Then, the so-called parasitic current closes to the main electrode via this aperture. This paper is mainly concentrated on the problem of the formation of the parasitic current for different regimes of the auxiliary discharge burning and for different designs of the trigger system. At a low current, the auxiliary discharge burns in the suppressed regime, and an increase in the current results in the stepwise transition to the ordinary glow discharge. The conditions of sustaining the auxiliary discharge influence on the value of the parasitic current. In the experiments, the cavity of the trigger electrode can play a role of the hollow cathode or the hollow anode, so that the negative glow plasma or the positive column plasma is generated in this hollow electrode. It is demonstrated that for both cases, the parasitic current is determined by the ion flow from the plasma boundary.
Lattice Boltzmann investigation of the influence of slip distributions on the flow past a diamond cylinder at low-Reynolds-number
Authors: Yu Yang , Yang Liuming , Gao Yuan , Hou Guoxiang
Published: July 2021

Two-dimensional flow past a diamond cylinder with varying slip distributions is numerically investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method at a Reynolds number of 100. Nine slip distributions, namely, fore-up (FU), after-up (AU), fore-up + fore-down (FU–FD), after-up + after-down (AU–AD), FU–AU, FU–AD, FU–FD–AU, FU–AU–AD, and full-slip, are examined and compared with the no-slip case. Fore-side and after-side slip were found to have opposite effects on the friction drag of the diamond cylinder, and the combination of the fore-up and after-up (FU–AU) slip is beneficial for pressure reduction. A maximum drag reduction of 13.6% is achieved by the full-slip case mainly contributed by the pressure reduction. Furthermore, comparison of two typical slip distributions with a non-uniform slip length is investigated. A uniform slip length for the FU and AU (or the FD and AD) is found to be very helpful for pressure reduction. The asymmetric slip distributions could also result in torque on the cylinder, which can be utilized to achieve flow control by adjusting the slip length and the slip length difference between different locations of the cylinder edges.
The degrees of maps between

-connected

-dimensional manifolds or Poincaré complexes and their applications
Authors: Grbić J. , Vučić A.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, using homotopy theoretical methods we study the degrees of maps between

-connected

-dimensional Poincaré complexes. Necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions for the existence of mapping degrees between such Poincaré complexes are established. These conditions allow us, up to homotopy, to construct explicitly all maps with a given degree.

As an application of mapping degrees, we consider maps between

-connected

-dimensional Poincaré complexes with degree

, and give a sufficient condition for these to be homotopy equivalences. This resolves a homotopy theoretical analogue of Novikov’s question: when is a map of degree

between manifolds a homeomorphism? For low

, we classify, up to homotopy, torsion free

-connected

-dimensional Poincaré complexes.

Bibliography: 29 titles.
NMR identification of a conserved Drp1 cardiolipin-binding motif essential for stress-induced mitochondrial fission
Authors: Mahajan Mukesh , Bharambe Nikhil , Shang Yutong , Lu Bin , Mandal Abhishek , Madan Mohan Pooja , Wang Rihua , Boatz Jennifer C. , Manuel Martinez Galvez Juan , Shnyrova Anna V. , Qi Xin , Buck Matthias , van der Wel Patrick C. A. , Ramachandran Rajesh
Published: July 2021

Significance

The large cytosolic GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) self-assembles around mitochondria to mechanoenzymatically constrict and divide the double-membrane–bound organelle. Although Drp1 recruitment to the mitochondrial surface is contingent upon its binding to protein adaptors, subsequent or coincident interactions with the outer membrane–localized, mitochondria-specific phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is critical for stress-induced mitochondrial fission. Here, using a combination of multimodal NMR spectroscopy and various biophysical, biochemical, and cellular approaches, we show the intrinsically disordered variable domain of Drp1 undergoes an ordered helical structural transition to penetrate the membrane bilayer and selectively bind CL. The mutation of key residues within an identified CL-binding motif (CBM) results in defective mitochondrial division coupled to the formation of morphologically distinct “donut” mitochondria.
Mapping partner drug resistance to guide antimalarial combination therapy policies in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ehrlich Hanna Y. , Bei Amy K. , Weinberger Daniel M. , Warren Joshua L. , Parikh Sunil
Published: July 2021

Significance

Antimalarial resistance has emerged and spread with every antimalarial deployed to date. Currently, parasite genotypes associated with reduced artemisinin and partner drug sensitivity have been reported in Asia, South America, and, most recently, Africa. Analyzing spatial-temporal trends in molecular markers can help policymakers choose efficacious partner drugs and slow the emergence of artemisinin resistance and spread of multidrug-resistant parasites. We display evidence of a continent-wide increase in molecular markers associated with reduced lumefantrine susceptibility, the partner drug of the most widely used artemisinin-based combination therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. We also generate hypotheses for large-scale demographic and environmental risk factors implicated in the spread of antimalarial resistance. Our results can help identify regions of developing parasite resistance that may require enhanced surveillance.
Body mass index and aerobic capacity: The key variables for good performance in soldiers
Authors: Orantes‐Gonzalez Eva , Heredia‐Jimenez José , Escabias Manuel
Published: July 2021

Body composition, leg power and aerobic capacity have been shown to be related to performance, although their combined influence in a training task under load carriage in soldiers is still unknown. In this study, the influence of aerobic capacity, body composition and leg strength on performance during an obstacle test with and without combat equipment carriage was analysed. Forty males belonging to the Spanish Army participated in this study. The time needed to complete an obstacle course with and without load, aerobic capacity (20‐m shuttle run test), leg power (squat jumps) and body composition variables (body mass index [BMI], fat mass and lean mass) were tested to determine the best predictors of performance. The results indicated that the best predictors of obstacle course performance with and without load carriage are VO2max and BMI. The jump height was not a significant factor in the model. In conclusion, BMI and VO2max are predictors of the obstacle test time with and without load carriage, so it is recommended that both variables are included as criteria for enrolment in the military army to guarantee army members exhibit the highest obstacle course performance possible.

Highlight

The VO2max and BMI are the best predictors of an obstacle course performance with/without load carriage.

The jump height was not a significant performance factor.

The VO2max and BMI are recommended as enrolment criteria for military army.