bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the Behaviour-Change Techniques Used on Canadian Cancer Centre Web Sites to Support Physical Activity Behaviour for Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Sylvester B.D. , Zammit K. , Fong A.J. , Sabiston C.M.
Published: January 2018

Background: Cancer centre Web sites can be a useful tool for distributing information about the benefits of physical activity for breast cancer (bca) survivors, and they hold potential for supporting health behaviour change. However, the extent to which cancer centre Web sites use evidence-based behaviour change techniques to foster physical activity behaviour among bca survivors is currently unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presentation of behaviour-change techniques on Canadian cancer centre Web sites to promote physical activity behaviour for bca survivors. Methods: All Canadian cancer centre Web sites (n = 39) were evaluated by two raters using the Coventry, Aberdeen, and London–Refined (calo-re) taxonomy of behaviour change techniques and the eEurope 2002 Quality Criteria for Health Related Websites. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: The most common behaviour change techniques used on Web sites were providing information about consequences in general (80%), suggesting goal-setting behaviour (56%), and planning social support or social change (46%). Overall, Canadian cancer centre Web sites presented an average of M = 6.31 behaviour change techniques (of 40 that were coded) to help bca survivors increase their physical activity behaviour. Evidence of quality factors ranged from 90% (sites that provided evidence of readability) to 0% (sites that provided an editorial policy). Conclusions: Our results provide preliminary evidence that, of 40 behaviour-change techniques that were coded, fewer than 20% were used to promote physical activity behaviour to bca survivors on cancer centre Web sites, and that the most effective techniques were inconsistently used. On cancer centre Web sites, health promotion specialists could focus on emphasizing knowledge mobilization efforts using available research into behaviour-change techniques to help bca survivors increase their physical activity.
Using Family History Forms in Pediatric Oncology to Identify Patients for Genetic Assessment
Authors: Hamilton A. , Smith E. , Hamon J. , Tomiak E. , Bassal M. , Sawyer S.L.
Published: January 2018

Objective: We set out to identify and offer genetic testing to the 5–10% of pediatric cancer patients who have been estimated to carry germline mutations in inherited cancer predisposition syndromes. Clinical genetic testing has become widely available, and thus in busy oncology clinics, tools are needed to identify patients who could benefit from a referral to genetics. Methods: We studied the clinical utility of administering a family history form in the pediatric oncology long-term follow-up clinic to identify patients who might have an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome. Genetic testing involved primarily Sanger sequencing in clia (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments)–certified laboratories. Results: Of 57 patients who completed forms, 19 (33.3%) met criteria for referral to genetics. A significant family history of cancer was present for 4 patients, and 12 patients underwent genetic testing. Of 18 genetic tests ordered, none identified a pathogenic mutation, likely because of a small sample size and a candidate-gene approach to testing. Three families were also identified for further assessment based on a family history of breast cancer, with two of families having members eligible for BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing. Conclusions: Genetic testing in pediatric oncology patients is important to guide the management of patients who have an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome and to identify other family members at risk when mutations are identified. When no mutations are identified, that information is often reassuring to families who are worried about siblings. However, in the absence of an identified genetic cause in a patient, some uncertainty remains.
Adult Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia with Trisomy 11: A Case Report
Authors: Yoo S. H. , Lim J. , Byun J. M. , Park J. H. , Kim K. H. , Choi I. S.
Published: January 2018

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is an indolent disease in the category of myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms, which can often evolve into acute leukemic neoplasms. Although cytogenetic abnormalities such as trisomy 8 or absence of chromosome Y are well known, few reports about CMML with trisomy 11 have been published. Here, we report a case of CMML with trisomy 11 as the sole chromosomal abnormality, resulting in a very poor outcome. Based on a bone marrow specimen, CMML-1 with trisomy 11 was diagnosed in a 79-year-old man presenting with anemia and atypical peripheral blood cells. Because of the patient’s age, he was followed without receiving anticancer treatment. Two months after his diagnosis, the patient’s leucocytosis and anemia rapidly worsened, with increasing numbers of immature peripheral cells, which was strongly suggestive of leukemic transformation. Because of acute kidney injury superimposed on chronic kidney disease that led to poor performance status, cytotoxic chemotherapy was not considered feasible, and the patient was transferred to a hospice care facility.
No Evidence of Excessive Cancer Screening in Female Noncarriers from BRCA1/2 Mutation–Positive Families
Authors: Guedaoura S. , Pelletier S. , Foulkes W. D. , Hamet P. , Simard J. , Wong N. , El Haffaf Z. , Chiquette J. , Dorval M.
Published: January 2018

Background: In families with a proven BRCA1/2 mutation, women not carrying the familial mutation should follow the cancer screening recommendations applying to women in the general population. In the present study, we evaluated the cancer screening practices of unaffected noncarriers from families with a proven BRCA mutation, and we assessed the role of family history in their screening practices. Methods: Self-report data were provided retrospectively by 220 unaffected female noncarriers for periods of up to 10 years (mean: 4.3 years) since disclosure of their BRCA1/2 genetic test result. A ratio for the annual frequency of breast and ovarian cancer screening exams (mammography, breast ultrasonography, breast magnetic resonance imaging, transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound, cancer antigen 125 testing) was calculated as number of screening exams divided by the number of years in the individual observation period. Results: The annual average for mammography exams was 0.15, 0.4, 0.56, and 0.71 in women 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years of age respectively. The uptake of other breast and ovarian cancer screening exams was very low. Mammography and breast ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were generally more frequent among participants with at least 1 first-degree relative affected by breast cancer. Conclusions: In most noncarriers, screening practices are consistent with the guidelines concerning women in the general population. When noncarriers adopt screening behaviours that are different from those that would be expected for average-risk women, those behaviours are influenced by their familial cancer history. Impact: Decision tools might help female noncarriers to be involved in their follow-up in accordance with their genetic status and their family history, while taking into account the benefits and disadvantages of cancer screening.
Stereochemical outcomes of C–F activation reactions of benzyl fluoride
Authors: Keddie Neil S , Champagne Pier Alexandre , Desroches Justine , Paquin Jean-François , O'Hagan David
Published: January 2018

In recent years, the highly polar C–F bond has been utilised in activation chemistry despite its low reactivity to traditional nucleophiles, when compared to other C–X halogen bonds. Paquin’s group has reported extensive studies on the C–F activation of benzylic fluorides for nucleophilic substitutions and Friedel–Crafts reactions, using a range of hydrogen bond donors such as water, triols or hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as the activators. This study examines the stereointegrity of the C–F activation reaction through the use of an enantiopure isotopomer of benzyl fluoride to identify whether the reaction conditions favour a dissociative (SN1) or associative (SN2) pathway. [2H]-Isotopomer ratios in the reactions were assayed using the Courtieu 2H NMR method in a chiral liquid crystal (poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) matrix and demonstrated that both associative and dissociative pathways operate to varying degrees, according to the nature of the nucleophile and the hydrogen bond donor.
Fasciatherapy and Reflexology compared to Hypnosis and Music Therapy in Daily Stress Management
Authors: Payrau, MD, MT Bernard , Quere, MSc, PT, MT Nadine , Breton, MSc Elisabeth , Payrau, MD Christine
Published: January 2018

Background: Patients suffering from stress symptoms due to every-day life who are looking for a nonpharmacological response to their relief expectation are many. Furthermore, early reckoning of the day-to-day stress which may lead to clinical diagnosis is the best way of preventing the stress-related diseases. Among the many alternative medicinal options, there is little evidence that fasciatherapy (Fs) and reflexology (Rf) are effective in this field.Purpose: assess incidence of fasciatherapy Danis Bois Method (DBM) and of reflexology on patients’ stress level in everyday-life, and provide a more informed choice among the numerous mind and body techniques by comparing them with hypnosis (Hp) and music therapy (Mt).Settings: Specialized Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) centres for outpatients. Participants: 308 individuals (average age =50.53 SD 14.37, 93 males, 215 females) going to the centres for health care, but free from serious diseases and not heavily medicated respecting the inclusion criteria and providing valid forms.Research Design: Four armed, non-randomized observational pragmatic trial with pretest–posttest repeated measures, on separate samples ofnatural groups.Intervention: According to the centre participants where they used to be treated, they were exposed to a single semi-standardized session of a technique of their choice: Fs, Rf, Hp, Mt. Volunteers had a controlled non-intervention resting (Rt) session.Main Outcome Measures: Mean STAI-Y assessing anxiety as reflecting the stress level: MANCOVA and ANCOVA performed with Tukey’s HSD.Results: MANCOVA indicates a significant reduction of anxiety (p < .01) in each condition, resting included. ANCOVA performance adjusting on stress level in T0 (41.73) and on the mean sumscore of the trait (44.89), Fs (-13.92), Rf (-15.92), and Hp (-15.88) were equally effective on the stress level decrease. Mt (-10.0) and Rt (-6.38) showed the same level of effectiveness.Conclusions: The results suggest fasciatherapy DBM, hypnosis, and reflexology could be used as non-pharmacological and safe interventions in stress management. Though showing a lesser efficiency, music therapy could be useful in different circumstances.
A Case for Mixed Methods Research in Massage Therapy
Authors: Baskwill, MSc , BED, RMT Amanda
Published: January 2018

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Formulation and Theoretical Analysis of the Control Algorithm of the Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Skačkauskas Paulius , Mejeras Vilius , Sokolovskij Edgar
Published: January 2018

With the technologies of the autonomous vehicles improving, one of the biggest tasks is safe and effective integration of the autonomous vehicles into the transport system. The safety of such vehicles depends on their ability to move stably and accurately in the desired trajectory. The intellectual control algorithm is the most important system, controlling the movement of the autonomous vehicle. That is why the formulation and analysis of the rational intellectual control algorithms based on different methods is a significant element when seeking that the autonomous vehicles become a valuable road user. A theoretical version of an intellectual control algorithm, which is designed to ensure an accurate following of the desired movement trajectory under different movement conditions, is presented and described in the work. The operation of the algorithm is based on the comparison of the mathematical models of two vehicles and the solution of the optimization task. The described control algorithm is presented in the environment of the software package MATLAB/Simulink, the analysis of the rational operation of the designed algorithm is done.
Non-cohesive Soil Direct Shear Strength Affected with Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Tamošiūnas Tadas , Skuodis Šarūnas
Published: January 2018

This paper presents first results of non­cohesive soil direct shear tests with hydrostatic pressure. To reach this aim, it was chosen the Baltic Sea Klaipėda sand, due to granulometry composition and particles shape. According to this, investigated Baltic Sea sand can be called Lithuanian standard sand for scientific testing. Analysis of results revealed, that when it is increased hydrostatic pressure, the shearing strength is also increasing. Comparing air­ dry sand results with fully saturated sand and affected with 100 kPa of hydrostatic pressure, the angle of internal friction increased for 21,24%. Meanwhile, the cohesion was not changing so dramatically according to hydrostatic pressure change. Obtained results allows to proceed this research work more detailed with different loading types, testing procedures and hydrostatic pressures.
Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concrete Produced with Expanded Glass Aggregate
Authors: Rumšys Deividas , Bačinskas Darius , Spudulis Edmundas
Published: January 2018

The present paper investigates experimental mechanical properties of lightweight concrete mixes produced with expanded glass aggregate. Different concrete mixtures (totally 12) from normal weight to extremely lightweight structural concrete have been made. The sand by its volume was replaced with the expanded glass. All specimens were tasted after 7 and 28 days of hardening to identify flexural and compressive strength. Density of concrete mixes ranged from 1458 to 2347 kg/m3, and the compressive strength of 40×40×40 mm cubes ranged from 40 to 103 MPa. As a result, strength and density relationship of lightweight concrete was obtained. The performed experimental investigations on freeze­thaw resistance and alkaline corrosion have shown good durability of the designed mixes.
CO Diffusion and Desorption Kinetics in CO2 Ices
Authors: Cooke Ilsa R. , Öberg Karin I. , Fayolle Edith C. , Peeler Zoe , Bergner Jennifer B.
Published: January 2018

The diffusion of species in icy dust grain mantles is a fundamental process that shapes the chemistry of interstellar regions; yet, measurements of diffusion in interstellar ice analogs are scarce. Here we present measurements of CO diffusion into CO2 ice at low temperatures (T = 11–23 K) using CO2 longitudinal optical phonon modes to monitor the level of mixing of initially layered ices. We model the diffusion kinetics using Fick’s second law and find that the temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients are well fit by an Arrhenius equation, giving a diffusion barrier of 300 ± 40 K. The low barrier along with the diffusion kinetics through isotopically labeled layers suggest that CO diffuses through CO2 along pore surfaces rather than through bulk diffusion. In complementary experiments, we measure the desorption energy of CO from CO2 ices deposited at 11–50 K by temperature programmed desorption and find that the desorption barrier ranges from 1240 ± 90 K to 1410 ± 70 K depending on the CO2 deposition temperature and resultant ice porosity. The measured CO–CO2 desorption barriers demonstrate that CO binds equally well to CO2 and H2O ices when both are compact. The CO–CO2 diffusion–desorption barrier ratio ranges from 0.21 to 0.24 dependent on the binding environment during diffusion. The diffusion–desorption ratio is consistent with the above hypothesis that the observed diffusion is a surface process and adds to previous experimental evidence on diffusion in water ice that suggests surface diffusion is important to the mobility of molecules within interstellar ices.
Formation of a Dense Flux Rope by a Siphon Flow
Authors: Williams Thomas , Taroyan Youra
Published: January 2018

The interaction of siphon flow with an initially linear Alfvén wave within an isolated chromospheric loop is investigated. The loop is modeled using 1.5D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The siphon flow undergoes a hydrodynamic (HD) shock, which allows the Alfvén instability to amplify the propagating waves as they interact with the shock and loop footpoints. The amplification leads to nonlinear processes strongly altering the loop equilibrium. Azimuthal twists of

are generated and the loop becomes globally twisted with an azimuthal magnetic field of

. The flow is accelerated to

due to the propagating shock waves that form. Near the end of the simulation, where the nonlinear processes are strongest, flow reversal is seen within the descending leg of the loop, generating upflows up to

. This flow reversal leads to photospheric material being “pulled” into the loop and spreading along its entirety. Within about 2.5 hr, the density increases by a factor of about 30 its original value.
The Near-infrared Optimal Distances Method Applied to Galactic Classical Cepheids Tightly Constrains Mid-infrared Period–Luminosity Relations
Authors: Wang Shu , Chen Xiaodian , de Grijs Richard , Deng Licai
Published: January 2018

Classical Cepheids are well-known and widely used distance indicators. As distance and extinction are usually degenerate, it is important to develop suitable methods to robustly anchor the distance scale. Here, we introduce a near-infrared optimal distance method to determine both the extinction values of and distances to a large sample of 288 Galactic classical Cepheids. The overall uncertainty in the derived distances is less than 4.9%. We compare our newly determined distances to the Cepheids in our sample with previously published distances to the same Cepheids with Hubble Space Telescope parallax measurements and distances based on the IR surface brightness method, Wesenheit functions, and the main-sequence fitting method. The systematic deviations in the distances determined here with respect to those of previous publications is less than 1%–2%. Hence, we constructed Galactic mid-IR period–luminosity (PL) relations for classical Cepheids in the four Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) bands (W1, W2, W3, and W4) and the four Spitzer Space Telescope bands ([3.6], [4.5], [5.8], and [8.0]). Based on our sample of hundreds of Cepheids, the WISE PL relations have been determined for the first time; their dispersion is approximately 0.10 mag. Using the currently most complete sample, our Spitzer PL relations represent a significant improvement in accuracy, especially in the [3.6] band which has the smallest dispersion (0.066 mag). In addition, the average mid-IR extinction curve for Cepheids has been obtained:

,

,

,

,

,

,

, and

.
Two Solar Tornadoes Observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
Authors: Yang Zihao , Tian Hui , Peter Hardi , Su Yang , Samanta Tanmoy , Zhang Jingwen , Chen Yajie
Published: January 2018

The barbs or legs of some prominences show an apparent motion of rotation, which are often termed solar tornadoes. It is under debate whether the apparent motion is a real rotating motion, or caused by oscillations or counter-streaming flows. We present analysis results from spectroscopic observations of two tornadoes by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. Each tornado was observed for more than 2.5 hr. Doppler velocities are derived through a single Gaussian fit to the Mg ii k 2796 Å and Si iv 1393 Å line profiles. We find coherent and stable redshifts and blueshifts adjacent to each other across the tornado axes, which appears to favor the interpretation of these tornadoes as rotating cool plasmas with temperatures of 104 K–105 K. This interpretation is further supported by simultaneous observations of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, which reveal periodic motions of dark structures in the tornadoes. Our results demonstrate that spectroscopic observations can provide key information to disentangle different physical processes in solar prominences.
Carbon Chemistry in IRC+10216: Infrared Detection of Diacetylene
Authors: Fonfría J. P. , Agúndez M. , Cernicharo J. , Richter M. J. , Lacy J. H.
Published: January 2018

We present the detection of C4H2 for first time in the envelope of the C-rich AGB star IRC+10216, based on high spectral resolution mid-infrared observations carried out with the Texas Echelon-cross-Echelle Spectrograph mounted on the Infrared Telescope Facility. The obtained spectrum contains 24 narrow absorption features above the detection limit, identified as lines of the ro-vibrational C4H2 band

. The analysis of these lines through a ro-vibrational diagram indicates that the column density of C4H2 is (2.4 ± 1.5) × 1016 cm−2. Diacetylene is distributed in two excitation populations accounting for 20% and 80% of the total column density and with rotational temperatures of 47 ± 7 and 420 ± 120 K, respectively. This two-folded rotational temperature suggests that the absorbing gas is located beyond ≃0.″4 ≃ 20 R
⋆ from the star, with a noticeable cold contribution outwards from ≃10″ ≃ 500 R
⋆. This outer shell matches up with the place where cyanoacetylenes and carbon chains are known to form due to the action of the Galactic dissociating radiation field on the neutral gas coming from the inner layers of the envelope.
Simulating the Coronal Evolution of AR 11437 Using SDO/HMI Magnetograms
Authors: Yardley Stephanie L. , Mackay Duncan H. , Green Lucie M.
Published: January 2018

The coronal magnetic field evolution of AR 11437 is simulated by applying the magnetofrictional relaxation technique of Mackay et al. A sequence of photospheric line-of-sight magnetograms produced by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) is used to drive the simulation and continuously evolve the coronal magnetic field of the active region through a series of nonlinear force-free equilibria. The simulation is started during the first stages of the active region emergence so that its full evolution from emergence to decay can be simulated. A comparison of the simulation results with SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) observations show that many aspects of the active region’s observed coronal evolution are reproduced. In particular, it shows the presence of a flux rope, which forms at the same location as sheared coronal loops in the observations. The observations show that eruptions occurred on 2012 March 17 at 05:09 UT and 10:45 UT and on 2012 March 20 at 14:31 UT. The simulation reproduces the first and third eruption, with the simulated flux rope erupting roughly 1 and 10 hr before the observed ejections, respectively. A parameter study is conducted where the boundary and initial conditions are varied along with the physical effects of Ohmic diffusion, hyperdiffusion, and an additional injection of helicity. When comparing the simulations, the evolution of the magnetic field, free magnetic energy, relative helicity and flux rope eruption timings do not change significantly. This indicates that the key element in reproducing the coronal evolution of AR 11437 is the use of line-of-sight magnetograms to drive the evolution of the coronal magnetic field.
The Near-infrared CO Absorption Band as a Probe to the Innermost Part of an AGN-obscuring Material
Authors: Baba Shunsuke , Nakagawa Takao , Isobe Naoki , Shirahata Mai
Published: January 2018

We performed a systematic analysis of the 4.67 μm CO ro-vibrational absorption band toward nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and analyzed the absorption profiles of 10 nearby galaxies collected from the AKARI and Spitzer spectroscopic observations that show the CO absorption feature by fitting a plane-parallel local thermal equilibrium gas model. We found that CO gas is warm (200–500 K) and has a large column density (

). The heating of the gas is not explicable by either UV heating or shock heating because these processes cannot represent the large column densities of the warm gas. Instead, X-ray photons from the nuclei, which can produce large columns of warm gas with up to

, are the most convincing power source. The hydrogen column density estimated from the CO band is smaller than that inferred from X-ray observations. These results indicate that the region probed by the near-infrared CO absorption is in the vicinity of the nuclei and is located outside the X-ray emitting region. Furthermore, the covering factors of nearly unity required by the observed deep absorption profiles suggest that the probed region is close to the continuum source, which can be designated as the inner rim of the obscuring material around the AGN.
Mon analyste débloque ! Pensée interprétante et interprétation du patient
Authors: Cabrera Sylvia
Published: January 2018

L’auteur propose de considérer que la pensée interprétante est un mode de pensée qui habite non seulement l’analyste, mais aussi le patient, tout au long de la cure. Pensée qui serait à l’origine de l’interprétation du patient des interventions de l’analyste. Ainsi, l’activité interprétative du patient rendrait potentiellement interprétative toute intervention, et même manifestation non verbale, de l’analyste. Une vignette clinique illustre ce propos.
Une métaphore à l’œuvre : Ravel, Ravel, Unravel
Authors: Cabrol Guy
Published: January 2018

Comment une métaphore du travail analytique émerge-t-elle de la psyché de l’analyste, occupe-t-elle sa rêverie théorique, le travaille-t-elle au corps et l’agit-elle au cœur de la séance et au cœur de sa théorie ? Freud cultive tout au long de son œuvre un art de la métaphore pour approcher la chose de l’inconscient et rendre sensible l’art de l’analyste. Brigitte Eoche-Duval nous offre en prélude à sa partition une métaphore culturelle, l’installation vidéo d’Anri Sala (2013) qui m’a saisi au vif.
L’interprétation et la rencontre analytique
Authors: Diatkine Gilbert
Published: January 2018

La rencontre analytique repose toujours sur le processus interprétatif. Ce processus part de la mise en relation dans le préconscient de l’analyste d’une représentation d’un groupe de mots prononcés par le patient avec celle d’un autre groupe de mots prononcés antérieurement. De ce rapprochement naît dans l’esprit de l’analyste une image d’où il peut tirer une construction. Cette construction devient une interprétation s’il choisit de la communiquer au patient. L’analyste sait que son interprétation est exacte s’il est surpris par les associations par lesquelles le patient y répond et si elles enrichissent sa construction.
Destins de l’interprétation du rêve
Authors: Ithier Béatrice
Published: January 2018

L’auteure s’appuie sur la conjugaison du désir et du trauma dans la dernière conception du rêve de Freud, comme maîtrise du trauma et tentative de réalisation du désir. Confrontant l’onirique freudien à la « pensée du rêve » de Bion, ce qui suppose exploration et interprétation du rêve, de même que la capacité de « rêver les rêves », elle est conduite à substituer le rêve comme « gardien du sommeil » au rêve comme gardien de la relation patient-analyste.
Funeste silence
Authors: Ravet-Cialdella Élisabeth
Published: January 2018

L’interprétation est un outil fondamental de la technique analytique qui a subi une transformation radicale dans la pensée freudienne. De violente et intrusive, elle est devenue discrète et associée à une passivité régressive de l’analyste. Nécessaire pour la construction du moi, elle s’oppose au silence sauvage de l’analyste.
Les causes efficientes de l’interprétation
Authors: Denis Anne
Published: January 2018

La subversion méthodologique de la pensée consciente est la condition de l’éprouver, du deviner et du construire qui sont les facteurs contre-transférentiels de l’efficience interprétative. Le processus de l’attention flottante peut alors aboutir à une figuration au plus près de la représentation de chose, tout en réintroduisant une intelligibilité (la construction) à la place du contresens historique.
Topique et mouvance de l’interprétation
Authors: Carels Nicole
Published: January 2018

Entre l’inconnu, le doute et la conviction se déploie un large champ de points de vue concernant l’émergence et la formulation de l’interprétation. L’attention se centre ici sur les sens, dans tous les sens du terme, que véhicule, selon un gradient de symbolisation, la poly-sensorialité en conjugaison avec le langage verbal, non seulement dans le fonctionnement diurne de la scène analytique partagée mais aussi dans celui du domaine onirique.
La relation du psychanalyste avec l’interprétation
Authors: Abella Adela
Published: January 2018

S’appuyant sur le récit détaillé d’une impasse lors d’un traitement d’enfant, l’auteure interroge, non tant nos théories, mais notre manière de les utiliser. La notion d’« actes de parole » d’Austin aide à comprendre que l’interprétation ne transmet pas seulement un contenu, un sens, mais qu’elle agit sur le patient, le poussant dans une direction donnée. Dès lors, il y a lieu de questionner la manière dont notre travail engage notre identité et notre propre narcissisme, notre besoin de réparation mais aussi de maîtrise et de séduction, notre désir de connaissance et notre relation à la théorie.
Couleur « émeraude »
Authors: Barazer Claude
Published: January 2018

Le récit d’un moment interprétatif chez une jeune patiente psychotique témoigne de la valeur d’accomplissement hallucinatoire que réalise cette expérience. La distinction classique proposée par les psychiatres entre mécanismes hallucinatoire et interprétatif tend à effacer cette dimension au profit d’une conception de l’interprétation qui la réduit à une pathologie du raisonnement (folie raisonnante).
Interpréter ; une priorité ?
Authors: Khoury Maurice
Published: January 2018

Le concept de « pensée interprétante » avancé par Emmanuelle Chervet, rend compte d’un courant de pensée clinique qui donne à l’acte d’interpréter une allure stratégique non assignable au seul analyste et qui serait spécifique du courant psychanalytique de langue française. Bien que procédant d’un circuit interprétatif engageant analysant et analyste, il rappelle le lieu même d’où émane l’interprétation, patiemment tissée de « liaisons préalables » et de « formations intermédiaires » selon un modèle de l’interprétation en voies longues.
La sociologie française et la chose militaire
Authors: Bardiès Laure
Published: January 2018

Résumé Les difficultés contemporaines des sciences sociales françaises à appréhender les phénomènes militaires peuvent en partie se comprendre comme des héritages d'une tradition remontant à l'émergence de l'ambition scientifique appliquée aux sociétés et à l'histoire. Mélange de connaissance objective et de développements idéologiques, la tradition française s'est emparée de la chose militaire du début du 19e siècle jusqu'en 1945 de multiples manières dont le point commun est le refus de la considérer en tant que chose politique relativement autonome des autres dimensions de la vie sociale. Mais un examen synthétique des idées principales produites par cette tradition montre que son rapport au politique est plus complexe et que l'on a tôt fait de glisser d'une vision apolitique à une vision antipolitique du monde.
Ray-tracing Analysis of the Corneal Power From Scheimpflug Data
Authors: Olsen Thomas , Jeppesen Peter
Published: January 2018

PURPOSE:

To describe a method by which mapped corneal elevation data can be used for ray-tracing analysis of the effective corneal power.

METHODS:

Mapped elevation data of the front and back surface of the cornea exported by a clinical Scheimpflug camera was triangulated into a polygonal format and imported into a commercial optical engineering software. The focal length of the cornea was determined by exact ray tracing analysis of the distance giving the sharpest point spread function (PSF) at the selected image plane. The effective corneal power could then be determined as the reciprocal of the observed focal length “reduced to air.” The corneal power determined by the ray-tracing procedure was checked for reproducibility and effect of pupil size and finally compared with standard keratometry methods.

RESULTS:

Twenty random cases referred for cataract or refractive lens surgery were investigated. The ray-traced corneal power was found to be highly reproducible with a maximum error of 0.023 diopters (D) between repeated ray-tracing experiments. The mean ray-traced corneal power of 42.34 D (assuming a 3-mm pupil) was found to be 1.02 D lower than the standard keratometry reading assuming a keratometric index of 1.3375 (
P
< .001). The ray-traced corneal power was found to be higher than the true net power (
P
< .01) but not significantly different from the total corneal refractive power reported by the Scheimpflug device (
P
> .05). The ray-traced corneal power increased 0.31 D when the pupil size increased from 3 to 5 mm, which was attributed to spherical aberration.

CONCLUSIONS:

Exact ray tracing can be used on mapped tomography data to analyze for the effective corneal power. This technique was found to be highly reproducible and may be a promising tool in the analysis of the true power of the cornea of any shape.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(1):45–50.]
Schistosomiasis and Infertility in East Africa
Authors: Woodall Patricia A. , Kramer Michael R.
Published: January 2018

Case reports and pathology series suggest associations of female genital schistosomiasis (Schistosoma haematobium) with infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Differential geographic distribution of infertility is not explained by analyses of known risk factors. In this cross-sectional multilevel semi-ecologic study, interpolated prevalence maps for S. haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni in East Africa were created using data from two open-access Neglected Tropical Diseases Databases. Prevalence was extracted to georeferenced survey sample points for Demographic and Health Surveys for Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda for 2000 and 2010. Exploratory spatial analyses showed that infertility was not spatially random and mapped the clustering of infertility and its co-location with schistosomiasis. Multilevel logistic regression analysis demonstrated that women living in high compared with absent S. haematobium locations had significantly higher odds of infertility (2000 odds ratio [OR] = 1.5 [confidence interval95 = 1.3, 1.8]; 2010 OR = 1.2 [1.1, 1.5]). Women in high S. haematobium compared with high S. mansoni locations had significantly higher odds of infertility (2000 OR 1.4 [1.1, 1.9]; 2010 OR 1.4 [1.1, 1.8]). Living in high compared with absent S. mansoni locations did not affect the odds of infertility. Infertility appears to be associated spatially with S. haematobium.
Clinical, Bacteriologic, and Geographic Stratification of Melioidosis Emerges from the Sri Lankan National Surveillance Program
Authors: Sathkumara Harindra D. , Merritt Adam J. , Corea Enoka M. , Krishnananthasivam Shivankari , Natesan Mohan , Inglis Timothy J. J. , De Silva Aruna Dharshan
Published: January 2018

Melioidosis, a potentially fatal tropical infection, is said to be underdiagnosed in low-income countries. An increase in melioidosis cases in Sri Lanka allowed us to analyze the relationship among clinical outcome, bacteriology, epidemiology, and geography in the first 108 laboratory-confirmed cases of melioidosis from a nationwide surveillance program. The additional 76 cases of laboratory-confirmed melioidosis confirmed further associations between Burkholderia pseudomallei multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and infection phenotype; ST1137/unifocal bacteremic infection (χ2 = 3.86, P < 0.05), ST1136/multifocal infection without bacteremia (χ2 = 15.8, P < 0.001), and ST1132/unifocal nonbacteremic infection (χ2 = 6.34, P = 0.02). ST1137 infections were predominantly seen in the Western Province, whereas ST1132, 1135, and 1136 infections predominated in the Northwestern Province. Early participating centers in the surveillance program had a lower melioidosis-associated mortality than later participants (χ2 = 3.99, P < 0.05). The based upon related sequence types (eBURST) algorithm, a MLST clustering method that infers founding genotypes and patterns of descent for related isolates and clonal complexes in an unrooted tree, showed uneven distribution of sequence types (STs). There was spatial clustering of the commonest STs (ST1132, 1136, and 1137) in the Western, Northwestern, and Central provinces. The recent increase in melioidosis in Sri Lanka uncovered by laboratory-enhanced surveillance is likely to be the result of a combination of improved laboratory detection, increased clinician awareness, recruitment of clinical centers, and small outbreaks. Further development of the surveillance program into a national genotyping-supported melioidosis registry will improve melioidosis diagnosis, treatment, and prevention where underdiagnosis and mortality rates remain high.
Serotype Distribution of Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates before the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Cambodia
Authors: Inghammar Malin , By Youlet , Farris Christina , Phe Thong , Borand Laurence , Kerleguer Alexandra , Goyet Sophie , Saphonn Vonthanak , Phoeung Chanleakhena , Vong Sirenda , Rammaert Blandine , Mayaud Charles , Guillard Bertrand , Yasuda Chadwick , Kasper Matthew R. , Ford Gavin , Newell Steven W. , An Ung Sam , Sokhal Buth , Touch Sok , Turner Paul , Jacobs Jan , Messaoudi Mélina , Komurian-Pradel Florence , Tarantola Arnaud
Published: January 2018

Childhood vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in Cambodia in January 2015. Baseline data regarding circulating serotypes are scarce. All microbiology laboratories in Cambodia were contacted for identification of stored isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from clinical specimens taken before the introduction of PCV13. Available isolates were serotyped using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Among 166 identified isolates available for serotyping from patients with pneumococcal disease, 4% were isolated from upper respiratory samples and 80% were from lower respiratory samples, and 16% were invasive isolates. PCV13 serotypes accounted for 60% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52–67) of all isolates; 56% (95% CI 48–64) of noninvasive and 77% (95% CI 57–89) of invasive isolates. Antibiotic resistance was more common among PCV13 serotypes. This study of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates supports the potential for high reduction in pneumococcal disease burden and may serve as baseline data for future monitoring of S. pneumoniae serotypes circulation after implementation of PCV13 childhood vaccination in Cambodia.
Global modelling of the total OH reactivity: investigations on the missing OH sink and its atmospheric implications
Authors: Ferracci Valerio , Heimann Ines , Abraham N. Luke , Pyle John A. , Archibald Alexander T.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) plays a crucial role in the chemistry of the atmosphere as it initiates the removal of most trace gases. A number of field campaigns have observed the presence of a missing OH sink in a variety of regions across the planet. Comparison of direct measurements of the OH loss frequency, also known as total OH reactivity (kOH), with the sum of individual known OH sinks (obtained via the simultaneous detection of species such as volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides) indicates that, in some cases, up to 80 % of kOH is unaccounted for. In this work, the UM-UKCA chemistry-climate model was used to investigate the wider implications of the missing reactivity on the oxidising capacity of the atmosphere. Simulations of the present-day atmosphere were performed and the model was evaluated against an array of field measurements to verify that the known OH sinks were reproduced well, with a resulting good agreement found for most species. Following this, an additional sink was introduced to simulate the missing OH reactivity as an emission of a hypothetical molecule, X, which undergoes rapid reaction with OH. The magnitude and spatial distribution of this sink were underpinned by observations of the missing reactivity. Model runs showed that the missing reactivity accounted for on average 6 % of the total OH loss flux at the surface, and up to 50 % in regions where emissions of the additional sink were high. The lifetime of the hydroxyl radical was reduced by 3 % in the boundary layer, while tropospheric methane lifetime increased by 2 % when the additional OH sink was included. The UM-UKCA simulations also allowed us to establish the atmospheric implications of the newly characterised reactions of peroxy radicals (RO2) with OH. While the effects of this chemistry on kOH were minor, the reaction of the simplest peroxy radical, CH3O2, with OH was found to be a major sink for CH3O2 and source of HO2 over remote regions at the surface and in the free troposphere. Inclusion of this reaction in the model increased tropospheric methane lifetime by up to 3 %, depending on its product branching. Simulations based on the latest kinetic and product information showed that this reaction cannot reconcile models with observations of atmospheric methanol, in contrast to recent suggestions.
Modelling the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of soil CO2 exchange in a semiarid ecosystem with high plant–interspace heterogeneity
Authors: Gong Jinnan , Wang Ben , Jia Xin , Feng Wei , Zha Tianshan , Kellomäki Seppo , Peltola Heli
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We used process-based modelling to investigate the roles of carbon-flux (C-flux) components and plant–interspace heterogeneities in regulating soil CO2 exchanges (FS) in a dryland ecosystem with sparse vegetation. To simulate the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of FS, the modelling considered simultaneously the CO2 production, transport and surface exchanges (e.g. biocrust photosynthesis, respiration and photodegradation). The model was parameterized and validated with multivariate data measured during the years 2013–2014 in a semiarid shrubland ecosystem in Yanchi, northwestern China. The model simulation showed that soil rewetting could enhance CO2 dissolution and delay the emission of CO2 produced from rooting zone. In addition, an ineligible fraction of respired CO2 might be removed from soil volumes under respiration chambers by lateral water flows and root uptakes. During rewetting, the lichen-crusted soil could shift temporally from net CO2 source to sink due to the activated photosynthesis of biocrust but the restricted CO2 emissions from subsoil. The presence of plant cover could decrease the root-zone CO2 production and biocrust C sequestration but increase the temperature sensitivities of these fluxes. On the other hand, the sensitivities of root-zone emissions to water content were lower under canopy, which may be due to the advection of water flows from the interspace to canopy. To conclude, the complexity and plant–interspace heterogeneities of soil C processes should be carefully considered to extrapolate findings from chamber to ecosystem scales and to predict the ecosystem responses to climate change and extreme climatic events. Our model can serve as a useful tool to simulate the soil CO2 efflux dynamics in dryland ecosystems.
Evaluating and Improving the Community Land Model's Sensitivity
to Land Cover
Authors: Meier Ronny , Davin Edouard L. , Lejeune Quentin , Hauser Mathias , Li Yan , Martens Brecht , Schultz Natalie M. , Sterling Shannon , Thiery Wim
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Modelling studies have shown the importance of biogeophysical effects of deforestation on local climate conditions, but have also highlighted the lack of agreement across different models. Recently, remote sensing observations have been used to assess the contrast in albedo, evapotranspiration (ET), and land surface temperature (LST) between forest and nearby open land on a global scale. These observations provide an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the ability of land surface models to simulate the biogeophysical effects of forests. Here, we evaluate the representation of the difference of forest minus open land (i.e., grassland and cropland) in albedo, ET, and LST in the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) using various remote sensing and in-situ data sources. To extract the local sensitivity to land cover we analyze plant functional type level output from global CLM4.5 simulations, using a model configuration that attributes a separate soil column to each plant functional type. Using the separated soil column configuration, CLM4.5 is able to realistically reproduce the biogeophysical contrast between forest and open land in terms of albedo, daily mean LST, and daily maximum LST, while the effect on daily minimum LST is not well captured by the model. Furthermore, we identify that the ET contrast between forests and open land is underestimated in CLM4.5 compared to observation-based products and even reversed in sign for some regions, even when considering uncertainties in these products. We then show that these biases can be partly alleviated by modifying several model parameters, such as the root distribution, the formulation of plant water uptake, the light limitation of photosynthesis, and the maximum rate of carboxylation. Furthermore, the ET contrast between forest and open land needs to be better constrained by observations in order to foster convergence amongst different land surface models on the biogeophysical effects of forests. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of comparing sub-grid model output to local observations to improve current land surface models’ ability to simulate land cover change effects, which is a promising approach to reduce uncertainties in future assessments of land use impacts on climate.
Remote Sensing of Trichodesmium spp. mats in the Western Tropical South Pacific
Authors: Rousset Guillaume , De Boissieu Florian , Menkes Christophe E. , Lefèvre Jérôme , Frouin Robert , Rodier Martine , Ridoux Vincent , Laran Sophie , Bonnet Sophie , Dupouy Cécile
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Trichodesmium is the main nitrogen-fixing species in the South Pacific region, a hotspot for diazotrophy. Due to the paucity of in situ observations, methods for detecting Trichodesmium presence on a large scale have been investigated to assess the regional-to-global impact of these species on primary production and carbon cycling. A number of satellite-derived algorithms have been developed to identify Trichodesmium surface blooms, but determining with confidence their accuracy has been difficult, chiefly because of the scarcity of sea-truth information at time of satellite overpass. Here, we use a series of new cruises as well as airborne observational surveys in the South Pacific to quantify statistically the ability of these algorithms to discern correctly Trichodesmium surface blooms in the satellite imagery. The evaluation, performed on MODIS data at 250 m and 1 km resolution acquired over the South West Pacific, shows limitations due to spatial resolution, clouds, and atmospheric correction. A new satellite-based algorithm is designed to alleviate some of these limitations, by exploiting optimally spectral features in the atmospherically corrected reflectance at 531, 645, 678, 748, and 869 nm. This algorithm outperforms former ones near clouds, limiting false positive detection, and allowing regional scale automation. Compared with observations, 80 % of the detected mats are within a 2 km range, demonstrating the good statistical skill of the new algorithm. Application to MODIS imagery acquired during the February–March 2015 OUTPACE campaign reveals the presence of surface blooms Northwest and East of New Caledonia and near 20° S–172° W in qualitative agreement with measured nitrogen fixation rates. The new algorithm, however, fails to detect sub-surface booms evidenced in trichome counts. Improving Trichodesmium detection requires measuring ocean color at higher spectral and spatial (