bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective analysis of lymphocyte phenotype and function over the course of acute sepsis
Authors: Boomer Jonathan S , Shuherk-Shaffer Jennifer , Hotchkiss Richard S , Green Jonathan M
Published: June 2012

Introduction

Severe sepsis is characterized by an initial hyper-inflammatory response that may progress to an immune-suppressed state associated with increased susceptibility to nosocomial infection. Analysis of samples obtained from patients who died of sepsis has identified expression of specific inhibitory receptors expressed on lymphocytes that are associated with cell exhaustion. The objective of this study was to prospectively determine the pattern of expression of these receptors and immune cell function in patients with acute sepsis.

Methods

Twenty-four patients with severe sepsis were enrolled within 24 hours of the onset of sepsis, as were 12 age-matched healthy controls. Peripheral blood was obtained at enrollment and again seven days later. Immune cell subsets and receptor expression were extensively characterized by quantitative flow cytometry. Lymphocyte function was assayed by stimulated cytokine secretion and proliferation assays. Results were also correlated to clinical outcome.

Results

At the onset of severe sepsis, patients had decreased circulating innate and adaptive immune cells and elevated lymphocyte expression of receptors associated with cell activation compared to controls. Samples analyzed seven days later demonstrated increased expression of the inhibitory receptors CTLA4, TIM-3 and LAG-3 on T lymphocytes accompanied by decreased expression of the IL-7 receptor. Functional assays revealed impaired secretion of interferon γ following stimulation in vitro, which was reversible by incubation overnight in fresh media. Impaired secretion of IFNγ correlated with death or development of secondary infection.

Conclusions

Lymphocytes from patients with acute sepsis upregulate expression of receptors associated with cell exhaustion, which may contribute to the immune suppressed state that occurs in protracted disease. Therapy that reverses T cell exhaustion may restore immune function in immunocompromised patients and improve survival in sepsis.
Evaluation of CT angiography for visualisation of the lenticulostriate artery: difference between normotensive and hypertensive patients
Authors: Gotoh K , Okada T , Satogami N , Yakami M , Takahashi J C , Yoshida K , Ishii A , Tanaka S , Miyamoto S , Togashi K
Published: June 2012

Objective

High-resolution CT angiography (CTA) is currently available using multidetector row CT (MDCT); however, its use for small artery visualisation has been limited. To evaluate its capability, we investigated CTA visualisation for difference in number of the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) branches between normotensive and hypertensive patients, because hypertension is a major cause of LSA damage.

Methods

This was a retrospective study evaluating cerebrovascular CTA at our hospital conducted from February 2008 to June 2009 under approval of the institutional review board. 117 patients (39 males and 78 females, 19–88 years old) were included. CTA was conducted using a 64 channel MDCT. Total numbers of LSA branches were examined for differences by age with regression analysis and the presence or absence of hypertension and/or aneurysm using two-sample t-tests. A p-value <0.016 was considered statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. A multiple variable analysis of three factors was also conducted.

Results

The average number of LSA branches was 3.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0–4.1] and 4.4 (95% CI 4.1–4.7), respectively, for a patient with and without history of hypertension, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.013). The difference was approximately one branch in the multiple variable analysis. No significant correlation was observed for age and no significant difference was observed for the presence or absence of aneurysms.

Conclusions

Contrast-enhanced CTA can visualise significant differences in the number of LSA branches among patients with and without hypertension.

Advances in knowledge

Current high-resolution CTA can visualise LSA well, which enables finding a difference in the LSA between normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients.
Can Small Victories Help Win the War? Evidence from Consumer Debt Management
Authors: Gal David , McShane Blakeley B.
Published: June 2012

The question of how people should structure goal-directed activity to maximize the likelihood of goal attainment is one of theoretical and practical significance. In particular, should people begin by attempting relatively easy tasks or more difficult ones? How might these differing strategies affect the likelihood of completing the overarching goal? The authors examine this question in the context of an important goal for a large number of consumers—getting out of debt. Using a data set obtained from a debt settlement firm, they find that (1) closing debt accounts is predictive of debt elimination regardless of the dollar balance of the closed accounts, whereas (2) the dollar balance of closed accounts is not predictive of debt elimination when controlling for the fraction of accounts closed. These findings suggest that completing discrete subtasks might motivate consumers to persist in pursuit of a goal. The authors discuss implications for goal pursuit generally and for consumer debt management specifically.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Biological role, clinical significance, and therapeutic possibilities of the recently discovered metabolic hormone fibroblastic growth factor 21
Authors: Iglesias Pedro , Selgas Rafael , Romero Sara , Díez Juan J
Published: June 2012

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a 181 amino acid circulating protein, is a member of the FGF superfamily, with relevant metabolic actions. It acts through the interaction with specific FGF receptors and a cofactor called β-Klotho, whose expression is predominantly detected in metabolically active organs. FGF21 stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes via the induction of glucose transporter-1. This action is additive and independent of insulin. β-Cell function and survival are preserved, and glucagon secretion is reduced by this protein, thus decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity. Lipid profile has been shown to be improved by FGF21 in several animal models. FGF21 increases energy expenditure in rodents and induces weight loss in diabetic nonhuman primates. It also exerts favorable effects on hepatic steatosis and reduces tissue lipid content in rodents. Adaptive metabolic responses to fasting, including stimulation of ketogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, seem to be partially mediated by FGF21. In humans, serum FGF21 concentrations have been found elevated in insulin-resistant states, such as impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. FGF21 levels are correlated with hepatic insulin resistance index, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and blood glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test. A relationship between FGF21 levels and long-term diabetic complications, such as nephropathy and carotid atheromatosis, has been reported. FGF21 levels decreased in diabetic patients after starting therapy with insulin or oral agents. Increased FGF21 serum levels have also been found to be associated with obesity. In children, it is correlated with BMI and leptin levels, whereas in adults, FGF21 levels are mainly related to several components of the metabolic syndrome. Serum FGF21 levels have been found to be elevated in patients with ischemic heart disease. In patients with renal disease, FGF21 levels exhibited a progressive increase as renal function deteriorates. Circulating FGF21 levels seem to be related to insulin resistance and inflammation in dialysis patients. In summary, FGF21 is a recently identified hormone with antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and thermogenic properties. Direct or indirect potentiation of its effects might be a potential therapeutic target in insulin-resistant states.
The Wheels on the Bus Go “Buy Buy Buy”: School Bus Advertising Laws
Authors: Pomeranz Jennifer L.
Published: June 2012

School buses, a practical necessity for millions of children, are at the center of new efforts to raise revenue. School bus advertising laws bring public health and commercialization concerns to the school setting. In doing so, they potentially expose school districts to First Amendment lawsuits.

I examined various school bus advertising bills and laws. I reviewed First Amendment “forum analysis” as applied in the transit and school settings to clarify how this legal test may affect school districts subject to such laws.

I have made recommendations for school districts to enact appropriate policies to ensure that such advertising does not undermine public health and to enable the districts to maintain control over their property.
Area-Level Social Fragmentation and Walking for Exercise: Cross-Sectional Findings From the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth Study
Authors: Pabayo Roman , Barnett Tracie A. , Datta Geetanjali D. , Lambert Marie , O’Loughlin Jennifer , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We determined whether social fragmentation, which is linked to the concept of anomie (or normlessness), was associated with a decreased likelihood of willingness to walk for exercise.

Methods. Data were collected from mothers and fathers of 630 families participating in the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth Cohort, an ongoing longitudinal study investigating the natural history of obesity and insulin resistance in children. Social fragmentation was defined as the breakdown of social bonds between individuals and their communities. We used log-binomial multiple regression models to estimate the association between social fragmentation and walking for exercise.

Results. Higher social fragmentation was associated with a decreased likelihood of walking for exercise among women but not men. Compared with women living in neighborhoods with the lowest social fragmentation scores (first quartile), those living in neighborhoods in the second (relative risk [RR] = 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78, 1.05), third (RR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.70, 1.00), and fourth (RR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.65, 0.99) quartiles were less likely to walk for exercise (P = .02).

Conclusions. Social fragmentation is associated with reduced walking among women. Increasing neighborhood stability may increase walking behavior, especially among women.
Methanogenic microbial communities in sediment from the coastal area of puck bay (Southern Baltic)
Authors: Reindl Andrzej , Bolałek Jerzy
Published: June 2012

In this work, data on methanogenic Archaea communities in sediment from the coastal area of Puck Bay were investigated. Sediments were collected along the Hel Peninsula from areas characterized by the occurrence of gas bubbles. Based on the analysis of molecular markers, the presence of a specific methanogenic Archaea gene was detected at all stations. Further research involved the cloning and sequencing of methanogenic DNA. Based on the comparison of obtained genetic sequences with existing genetic databases, it was confirmed that all of the nucleotide sequences belonged to the domain Archaea. Furthermore, in the investigated sediment certain sequences had certain similarities to the sequences of organisms from the families Methanosarcinaceae, Methanospirillaceae and Methanocorpusculaceae.
Spherical, magnetic grains of extraterrestrial origin, isolated from Pacific sediments
Authors: Uścinowicz Grzegorz
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the existence of cosmic spherules in oceanic sediments. Two cores recovered from the Clarion-Clipperton fault zone (northeastern Pacific Basin) contain magnetic spherules of extraterrestrial origin. Their chemical compositions and morphological features show the degree of heterogeneity of cosmic material reaching the earth’s surface. The diverse origins of spherules from the Pacific Ocean explains their diverse composition and does not allow for the classification of the material into a single group. In addition, the time interval over which sediments accumulated extends for an estimated period of approximately 200 000 years to the present.
Macrophage-Mediated Lymphangiogenesis: The Emerging Role of Macrophages as Lymphatic Endothelial Progenitors
Authors: Ran Sophia , Montgomery Kyle E.
Published: June 2012

It is widely accepted that macrophages and other inflammatory cells support tumor progression and metastasis. During early stages of neoplastic development, tumor-infiltrating macrophages (TAMs) mount an immune response against transformed cells. Frequently, however, cancer cells escape the immune surveillance, an event that is accompanied by macrophage transition from an anti-tumor to a pro-tumorigenic type. The latter is characterized by high expression of factors that activate endothelial cells, suppress immune response, degrade extracellular matrix, and promote tumor growth. Cumulatively, these products of TAMs promote tumor expansion and growth of both blood and lymphatic vessels that facilitate metastatic spread. Breast cancers and other epithelial malignancies induce the formation of new lymphatic vessels (i.e., lymphangiogenesis) that leads to lymphatic and subsequently, to distant metastasis. Both experimental and clinical studies have shown that TAMs significantly promote tumor lymphangiogenesis through paracrine and cell autonomous modes. The paracrine effect consists of the expression of a variety of pro-lymphangiogenic factors that activate the preexisting lymphatic vessels. The evidence for cell-autonomous contribution is based on the observed tumor mobilization of macrophage-derived lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (M-LECP) that integrate into lymphatic vessels prior to sprouting. This review will summarize the current knowledge of macrophage-dependent growth of new lymphatic vessels with specific emphasis on an emerging role of macrophages as lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (M-LECP).
Net Energy, CO2 Emission and Land-Based Cost-Benefit Analyses of Jatropha Biodiesel: A Case Study of the Panzhihua Region of Sichuan Province in China
Authors: Deng Xiangzheng , Han Jianzhi , Yin Fang
Published: June 2012

Bioenergy is currently regarded as a renewable energy source with a high growth potential. Forest-based biodiesel, with the significant advantage of not competing with grain production on cultivated land, has been considered as a promising substitute for diesel fuel by many countries, including China. Consequently, extracting biodiesel from Jatropha curcas has become a growing industry. However, many key issues related to the development of this industry are still not fully resolved and the prospects for this industry are complicated. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the net energy, CO2 emission, and cost efficiency of Jatropha biodiesel as a substitute fuel in China to help resolve some of the key issues by studying data from this region of China that is well suited to growing Jatropha. Our results show that: (1) Jatropha biodiesel is preferable for global warming mitigation over diesel fuel in terms of the carbon sink during Jatropha tree growth. (2) The net energy yield of Jatropha biodiesel is much lower than that of fossil fuel, induced by the high energy consumption during Jatropha plantation establishment and the conversion from seed oil to diesel fuel step. Therefore, the energy efficiencies of the production of Jatropha and its conversion to biodiesel need to be improved. (3) Due to current low profit and high risk in the study area, farmers have little incentive to continue or increase Jatropha production. (4) It is necessary to provide more subsidies and preferential policies for Jatropha plantations if this industry is to grow. It is also necessary for local government to set realistic objectives and make rational plans to choose proper sites for Jatropha biodiesel development and the work reported here should assist that effort. Future research focused on breading high-yield varieties, development of efficient field management systems, and detailed studies lifecycle environmental impacts analysis is required to promote biologically and economically sustainable development of Jatropha biodiesel and to assist government agencies in setting realistic objectives and appropriate and advantageous policies for the regions and the country.
Perspectives of Community- and Faith-Based Organizations about Partnering with Local Health Departments for Disasters
Authors: Stajura Michael , Glik Deborah , Eisenman David , Prelip Michael , Martel Andrea , Sammartinova Jitka
Published: June 2012

Public health emergency planners can better perform their mission if they develop and maintain effective relationships with community- and faith-based organizations in their jurisdictions. This qualitative study presents six themes that emerged from 20 key informant interviews representing a wide range of American community- and faith-based organizations across different types of jurisdictions, organizational types, and missions. This research seeks to provide local health department public health emergency planners with tools to assess and improve their inter-organizational community relationships. The themes identified address the importance of community engagement, leadership, intergroup dynamics and communication, and resources. Community- and faith-based organizations perceive that they are underutilized or untapped resources with respect to public health emergencies and disasters. One key reason for this is that many public health departments limit their engagement with community- and faith-based organizations to a one-way “push” model for information dissemination, rather than engaging them in other ways or improving their capacity. Beyond a reprioritization of staff time, few other resources would be required. From the perspective of community- and faith-based organizations, the quality of relationships seems to matter more than discrete resources provided by such ties.
Automatic Actin Filament Quantification of Osteoblasts and Their Morphometric Analysis on Microtextured Silicon-Titanium Arrays
Authors: Matschegewski Claudia , Staehlke Susanne , Birkholz Harald , Lange Regina , Beck Ulrich , Engel Konrad , Nebe J. Barbara
Published: June 2012

Microtexturing of implant surfaces is of major relevance in the endeavor to improve biorelevant implant designs. In order to elucidate the role of biomaterial’s topography on cell physiology, obtaining quantitative correlations between cellular behavior and distinct microarchitectural properties is in great demand. Until now, the microscopically observed reorganization of the cytoskeleton on structured biomaterials has been difficult to convert into data. We used geometrically microtextured silicon-titanium arrays as a model system. Samples were prepared by deep reactive-ion etching of silicon wafers, resulting in rectangular grooves (width and height: 2 µm) and cubic pillars (pillar dimensions: 2 × 2 × 5 and 5 × 5 × 5 µm); finally sputter-coated with 100 nm titanium. We focused on the morphometric analysis of MG-63 osteoblasts, including a quantification of the actin cytoskeleton. By means of our novel software FilaQuant, especially developed for automatic actin filament recognition, we were first able to quantify the alterations of the actin network dependent on the microtexture of a material surface. The cells’ actin fibers were significantly reduced in length on the pillared surfaces versus the grooved array (4–5 fold) and completely reorganized on the micropillars, but without altering the orientation of cells. Our morpho-functional approach opens new possibilities for the data correlation of cell-material interactions.
Tailoring Crystallinity of Electrospun Plla Fibres by Control of Electrospinning Parameters
Authors: Ero-Phillips Olubayode , Jenkins Mike , Stamboulis Artemis
Published: June 2012

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers were fabricated by electrospinning. The effects of various electrospinning process parameters on the thermal properties, especially the crystallinity of the electrospun fibers were investigated. Thermal analysis of the fibers revealed that they exhibited degree of crystallinity ranging from 23% to 46% while that for the as-received granules was approximately 37%, suggesting that the crystallinity of electrospun PLLA fibres can be controlled by optimizing the electrospinning process. This finding is very important because crystallinity affects polymer properties such as degradation, stiffness, yield stress, modulus and tensile strength, solubility, optical and electrical properties which will in turn affect the behavior of these materials when they are utilized in energy, environment, defense and security applications. The results presented in this paper show that the degree of crystallinity of the electrospun fibers decreased with increasing the polymer solution concentration. Furthermore, an optimum electrospinning voltage at which maximum degree of crystallinity can be obtained was observed. At voltages higher or lower than the optimum electrospinning voltage, the degree of crystallinity will decrease or increase, respectively. The effect of the needle tip to collector distance (NTCD) on the degree of crystallinity follows no predictable and consistent pattern.
Mapping Rural Areas with Widespread Plastic Covered Vineyards Using True Color Aerial Data
Authors: Tarantino Eufemia , Figorito Benedetto
Published: June 2012

Plastic covering is used worldwide to protect crops against damaging growing conditions. This agricultural practice raises some controversial issues. While it significantly impacts on local economic vitality, plasticulture also shows several environmental affects. In the Apulia Region (Italy) the wide-spreading of artificial plastic coverings for vineyard protection has showed negative consequences on the hydrogeological balance of soils as well as on the visual quality of rural landscape. In order to monitor and manage this phenomenon, a detailed site mapping has become essential. In this study an efficient object-based classification procedure from Very High Spatial Resolution (VHSR) true color aerial data was developed on eight test areas located in the Ionian area of the Apulia Region in order to support the updating of the existing land use database aimed at plastic covered vineyard monitoring.
Synthesis and anion recognition properties of shape-persistent binaphthyl-containing chiral macrocyclic amides
Authors: Caricato Marco , Leza Nerea Jordana , Gargiulli Claudia , Gattuso Giuseppe , Dondi Daniele , Pasini Dario
Published: June 2012

We report on the synthesis and characterization of novel shape-persistent, optically active arylamide macrocycles, which can be obtained using a one-pot methodology. Resolved, axially chiral binol scaffolds, which incorporate either methoxy or acetoxy functionalities in the 2,2' positions and carboxylic functionalities in the external 3,3' positions, were used as the source of chirality. Two of these binaphthyls are joined through amidation reactions using rigid diaryl amines of differing shapes, to give homochiral tetraamidic macrocycles. The recognition properties of these supramolecular receptors have been analyzed, and the results indicate a modulation of binding affinities towards dicarboxylate anions, with a drastic change of binding mode depending on the steric and electronic features of the functional groups in the 2,2' positions.
THE PHOTOS BY “THE MOLE”, OR IN SEARCH OF THE WAY TO THE OTHER / FOTOGRAFUOJANTIS „KURMIS“, ARBA KELIO LINK KITO PAIEŠKOSE
Authors: Keturakis Saulius
Published: June 2012

The title of the paper is not associated with the exotic show of a circus with the trained, capable of making the photos mole, but with the movie by Dalia Survilaitė The Mole, which is narrating the story of the poet, musician and blind from the birth photographer Remigijus Audiejaitis, who was tragically killed in the fire. The paper discusses the seemingly oxymoronic phenomena – the intention of the blind to express his experience by media, which he could experience himself only by using the ekphrasis device – by retelling the visual by words – or by using more complicated techniques of figurative meaning, when through photography the experience of smell or touch is expressed. In the paper the paradoxical figure of the blind photographer is interpreted by using the idea of William J. Thomas Mitchell about qualifying the relationships between the word and the image not only as impossible (in the meaning of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's Laokoon, oder Über die Grenzen der Malerei und Poesie), but as the act of communication and range of the experience of the Other. The concepts of intertextuality and intermediality and the criticism related with the concepts helps to explore the theoretical basis of understanding the phenomenon. Santrauka Straipsnio pavadinimas susijęs su Dalios Survilaitės filmu Kurmis, kuriame pasakojama tragiškai žuvusio fotografo Remigijaus Audiejaičio, aklo nuo gimimo ir, anot jo paties, niekada neturėjusio jokio supratimo apie erdvę ir spalvą, istorija. Straipsnyje analizuojama ši oksimoroniška situacija, kai fotografijos – vizualios medijos – patirtis pačiam menininkui yra prieinama tik naudojantis ekfrastinėmis technikomis. Paradoksali aklojo fotografo figūra aptariama trijuose teoriniuose kontekstuose, siekiant išsiaiškinti jos galimybes nebūti paliktai tik kaip keistenybei, o būti paaiškintai remiantis teorinėmis įžvalgomis, susijusiomis su žodžio ir vaizdo sąveikos (Gottholdas Ephraimas Lessingas) analize, intertekstualumo bei intermedialumo tyrinėjimais (Michailas Bachtinas, Julia Kristeva, Rolandas Barthesas) ir Williamo J. Thomaso Mitchello ekfrazės kaip komunikacijos su kitu idėjomis. Straipsnyje aptariant išskirtinį Audiejaičio atvejį parodytas komunikacijos aspekto stiprėjimas žodžio ir vaizdo sąveikos teorijose, taip pat intertekstualumo bei intermedialumo tyrinėjimuose. Remiantis Mitchellu, daroma išvada, kad aklumas nėra atimantis galimybę komunikuoti su vizualiuoju kitu, nes ekfrazėje dalyvaujančios kalbos kontūras, jos juslėmis patiriamas medžiagiškumas gali būti suvokiamas kaip vizualumo pavidalas, per kurį vyksta komunikacija.
L'appropriation d'un outil de gestion de la qualité à travers le prisme de la légitimité : le cas d'un Institut d'Administration des Entreprises
Authors: Bédé Didier , Bédé Sébastien , Fiorello Amélie , Maumon Nathalie
Published: June 2012

Résumé L’amélioration continue du fonctionnement d’une organisation repose en partie sur l’appropriation des nouveaux outils de gestion par ses utilisateurs. L’appropriation est un processus dans lequel les acteurs vont interpréter, négocier et créer du sens. Autrement dit, les acteurs vont transformer les finalités de l’outil de gestion par l’utilisation qu’ils vont en faire et remettre en question les modèles de l’action collective (Grimand, 2006). Cet article représente un premier niveau de questionnement sur l’appropriation d’un outil de gestion par les acteurs à travers la légitimité. Nous proposons d’analyser les formes de légitimité telles que définie par Suchman (1995) permettant de favoriser l’adoption d’un nouvel outil de gestion par différents groupes au sein d’une organisation publique. L’objet retenu pour cette recherche exploratoire est la démarche qualité des Instituts d’Administration des Entreprises (IAE) nommée Qualicert. Des entretiens de groupe ont été menés avec les parties prenantes internes d’un IAE. À partir des résultats nous proposerons une série d’applications managériales qui devront permettre à d’autres équipes dirigeantes de préparer la mise en place et la pérennisation de l’outil au sein de leur organisation.
Construire un outil de comptabilité de gestion au sein d'une université. Retour sur un acte manqué
Authors: Dreveton Benjamin , Lande Évelyne , Portal Marine
Published: June 2012

Résumé Les universités font face à de nouvelles contraintes financières qui se traduisent par l’introduction de nouveaux outils de management. L’objectif de la recherche est d’explorer le rôle joué par les représentations sociales des acteurs dans l’émergence d’un outil de gestion, grâce à une étude de cas par observation participante d’un an au sein d’une université. Il en ressort une multiplicité des représentations sociales et la nécessité d’engager un pilotage actif de ces représentations.
La normalisation des associations : quelle efficacité pour rassurer les parties prenantes ?
Authors: Busson-Villa Florence , Gallopel-Morvan Karine
Published: June 2012

Résumé Les associations évoluent dans un contexte de crises et de concurrence qui les oblige à prouver la qualité de leur gestion. Notre article questionne l’efficacité des outils de normalisation développés par les ONG pour rassurer leurs parties prenantes. Des entretiens ont été menés auprès d’associations majeures en France et de l’Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer qui a subi une crise en 1996. L’objectif est de détailler les normes déployées par les ONG, leur efficacité et leurs limites.
Les outils de gestion dans les organisations culturelles : de la critique artiste au management de la création
Authors: Aubouin Nicolas , Coblence Emmanuel , Kletz Frédéric
Published: June 2012

Résumé Le secteur culturel a adopté différentes positions face aux outils de gestion. À la suite d’une longue période de rejet, le contexte changeant (new public management, pression des tutelles, nécessité d’intégrer les publics...) a généré une mise en place progressive d’outils dans les organisations culturelles, portée par des acteurs nouveaux, qui acquéraient légitimation d’intervention et expertise gestionnaire. Face aux effets pervers nés de ces implémentations, a émergé une nouvelle forme de rencontre entre l’outil et l’organisation culturelle. Par une étude de cas multiple, l’article montre que, derrière la mise en place d’outils de gestion dans les organismes culturels, se cachent des enjeux spécifiques et un mode inédit d’utilisation : loin de constituer un frein à la créativité et à l’innovation artistique, les outils apparaissent comme de puissants moteurs pour stimuler le processus de création.
Les usages-types d'un outil de gestion des risques à l'hôpital
Authors: Martineau Régis
Published: June 2012

Résumé Cet article vise à apporter des éléments de clarification à l’étude de l’usage des outils de gestion dans les organisations. Si les recherches dans ce domaine ont permis de mieux comprendre le phénomène, on en sait encore peu sur le résultat du processus : peut-on reconnaître des types d’usages des outils de gestion ? Nous mobilisons un courant théorique qui conceptualise l’activité instrumentée des individus (Lorino, 2002). En nous appuyant sur une étude de cas menée autour d’un outil en particulier (une Fiche de Signalement d’Incident au sein d’un hôpital), nous mettrons en évidence l’émergence du cas de l’application, du déplacement et de l’adaptation. Un cas de non usage est lui aussi examiné : celui du rejet. Nous concluons en proposant une piste de réflexion pour l’émergence d’une typologie de ces usages.
L'appropriation des outils de gestion et ses effets sur les dynamiques organisationnelles : le cas du déploiement d'un référentiel des emplois et des compétences
Authors: Grimand Amaury
Published: June 2012

Résumé Les outils de gestion sont aujourd’hui au cœur du fonctionnement des organisations contemporaines. Pourtant, la recherche en gestion n’est guère explicite sur la théorie des outils qu’elle mobilise, laissant dans l’ombre leur rôle dans les dynamiques organisationnelles. La tradition rationaliste qui a longtemps prévalu en théorie des organisations a souvent réduit les outils à leur dimension purement normative, instrumentale. Le constat récurrent d’usages imprévus voire de détournements d’usages suppose pourtant de dépasser cette vision instrumentale. Nous mobilisons dans cette optique le concept d’appropriation afin de revisiter le statut des outils de gestion et leurs effets sur les dynamiques organisationnelles (de pouvoir, d’apprentissage, de changement, etc.). La mobilisation d’une étude de cas longitudinale portant sur le processus d’appropriation d’un référentiel des emplois et des compétences dans un groupe bancaire nous permet alors de définir les conditions d’une régulation conjointe autour de l’outil.
La congruence perçue des magasins et du site Internet : effets sur le choix du canal d'achat – le cas de la Fnac
Authors: Bèzes Christophe , Dubois Pierre-Louis
Published: June 2012

Résumé Il s’agit ici du résumé d’une recherche doctorale. Toute gestion multicanal exige une certaine coordination de la boutique en ligne et des points de vente. Or, les études empiriques concernant leur degré optimal d’interaction, sont rares. Après avoir précisé le concept de congruence perçue et défini un index de mesure commun à l’image du site et des magasins, cette recherche doctorale modélise le choix du canal d’achat de 1.478 clients réels d’un distributeur multicanal français. Elle montre qu’en général, les enseignes doivent tout à la fois maximiser l’image et la congruence des deux canaux. Elle met aussi en évidence une mutation du schéma cognitif des clients multicanaux.
Comunicación y emancipación. Reflexiones sobre el «giro lingüístico» de la Teoría Crítica
Authors: Wellmer Albrecht
Published: June 2012

Partiendo de las raíces hegelianas del pensamiento marxista, el autor intenta demostrar el reduccionismo implícito en el concepto marxiano de «praxis» con respecto a la dimensión simbólica de la acción humana, así como sus consecuencias epistemológicas y políticas. Como alternativa, defiende una reformulación de los supuestos básicos del materialismo histórico en términos teórico- comunicativos.
El múltiple Aristóteles. Una visión de la filosofía práctica aristotélica desde la problemática contemporánea
Authors: Guariglia Osvaldo
Published: June 2012

El presente trabajo intenta transmitir las sutiles uniones de la problemática filosófica contemporánea con la filosofía práctica aristotélica, cuyos temas continúan siendo fundamentalmente los temas actuales de discusión. En la teoría de la acción, dentro del horizonte wittgensteiniano, las aporías suscitadas por la concepción «pictórica» de la proposición en su relación con el mundo, al abordar hechos tales como el deseo, la voluntad y la acción, reciben importante ayuda de la filosofía práctica aristotélica para explicar las macro-acciones, como las que protagonizamos en nuestra vida cotidiana de relación, frente a otras corrientes que pretenden, mediante reducciones, sustracciones y otros modos de seccionamiento artificlal, aislar una especie de micro-elemento, la acción básica, directamente impenetrable a toda forma de comprensión. Por otra parte, la reactualización -acaso menos feliz- de la ética institucional de Aristóteles pone el acento en una cuestión irresuelta de toda moral universalista: su corporización en las estructuras del «mundo de la vida». El modelo aristotélico tiene la ventaja sobre los otros -neohegelianos, comunitarios, etc.-, de trazar transparentemente el entrecruzamiento entre sistemas de acción colectiva, normas consuetudinarias y formas de organización social y política (las famosas constituciones), sin partir de ninguna posición filosófico-histórica previamente tomada.
La recepción de la Teoría Crítica en España
Authors: Mardones José María
Published: June 2012

No disponible
Consenso, racionalidad y legitimidad
Authors: Garzón Valdés Ernesto
Published: June 2012

En la filosofía política contemporánea, hay dos conceptos que juegan un papel esencial para el tratamiento del problema de la legitimidad del Estado: el de consenso y el de racionalidad. Sin embargo, la importancia que generalmente se concede a estos conceptos no significa que exista acuerdo acerca del contenido semántico de racionalidad y acerca de las situaciones en que ha de practicarse el consenso racional, que es el que se supone permite juzgar acerca de la legitimidad del orden estatal. En lo que sigue me propongo (1) recordar brevemente, y a guisa de ejemplo, posiciones que toman como marco del consenso alguna de las dos situaciones mutuamente excluyentes y conjuntamente exhaustivas: la situación fáctica o la hipotética; (II) exponer el concepto de racionalidad que ellas sustentan y (JII) sugerir un concepto de legitimidad en el que el consenso y la racionalidad juegan un papel diferente del que suele atribuírseles.
Moralidad, legalidad, legitimidad: reflexiones sobre la ética de la responsabilidad
Authors: Sotelo Ignacio
Published: June 2012

Frente a una ética de buenas intenciones, se hace la propuesta de asumir que la responsabilidad y no el deber es la categoría central de la ética. Se analizan la moralidad y la legitimidad como doble raíz -individual y colectiva- de la responsabilidad y se defiende el postulado de que, en las circunstancias actuales, una condición indispensable para la supervivencia del género humano reside en el encuentro y fusión del conocimiento científico con el sentido de la responsabilidad que impone la conciencia Individual.
Instituciones democráticas y recursos morales
Authors: Offe Claus , Preub Ulrich
Published: June 2012

Los autores realizan en el presente aro tículo un seguimiento histórico de las dos principales tradiciones democráticas occidentales así como de los presupuestos morales y concepciones cívicas que subyacen a las mismas. Tras un análisis de los contradictorios rendimientos democráticos aportados por la universalización del sufragio y la implantación de los programas de bienestar social, el ensayo concluye con la propuesta de una redefinición cualitativa de los procedimientos democráticos que permita una mayor autonomía en la determinación ciudadana de sus contenidos.
La arrogancia de la Razón
Authors: Dascal Marcelo
Published: June 2012

El examen de algunos momentos de la historia de la Razón en Occidente revela una propensión de la Razón a atribuirse más de lo que se justifica en cada momento de su desarrollo, es decir, una tendencia a la arrogancia. Una estrategia recurrente para proteger a la Razón de posibles o reales críticas, y así preservar su postura arrogante, es la que llamo «aislamiento». Cuatro variantes de esa estrategia -la «departamentalización", la «profundización», la «trascendentalizacíón», y la «metodificación » de la Razón- son analizadas.
Legitimidad y democracia: dos décadas de un debate inconcluso
Authors: González Francisco Colom
Published: June 2012

No disponible
La recuperación analítica de la virtud clásica
Authors: De Francisco Andres , Aguiar Fernando
Published: June 2012

No disponible
Para una lectura actual de la Crítica del Juicio
Authors: Bozal Valeriano
Published: June 2012

No disponible
Hechos y Valores: falacias y metafalacias. Un ejercicio integracionista
Authors: Moulines Ulises
Published: June 2012

La dicotomía entre afirmaciones de hecho y afirmaciones de valor ha jugado un gran papel en la filosofía analítica. Seexaminan sus orígenes y consecuencias, y se propone una concepción semántica «íntegracíonistas que supere esa dicotomía.
La indefensión de los filósofos ante el desafío moral de nuestro tiempo
Authors: Tugendhat Ernst
Published: June 2012

A la hora de encarar los problemas morales de nuestro tiempo, cabria hacerlo desde dos perspectivas bien distintas. La primera se atendría a la fundamentación de la moral en general, mientras que la segunda se preocuparía por su extensión, interesándole averiguar quiénes son exactamente aquéllos para con los cuales nos vemos obligados moralmente. El primer aspecto es una consecuencia del proyecto ilustrado de procurar a la ética una fundamentación racional que viniese a sustituir a la religioso-tradicional. Las corrientes utilitarista y contractualísta son tomadas como puntos de referencia para este análisis. La segunda perspectiva aborda una serie de problemas hada los que sólo nos hemos sensibilizado desde hace unas pocas décadas. En definitiva se trata de responder a la pregunta de quién compone la comunídad ética. ¿Acaso contamos realmente con las generaciones venideras, los disminuidos físicos y psíquicos, o los propios niños, cuando compulsamos nuestras obligaciones morales?
De la contingencia al destino
Authors: Heller Agnes
Published: June 2012

La modernidad no ha podido dar respuesta al problema de la contingencia histórica, El texto muestra, por medio de metáforas, que el abandono necesario de esta cuestión no significa que estemos abocados al relativismo respecto a la contingencia existencial. La contingencia existencial, individual, sigue presente en la vida de todo individuo. Se sostiene que podemos dar un destino a nuestras vidas, y ésta es la tarea principal del filósofo.
La simbiosis entre ética y filosofía de la historia, o el rostro jánico de la moral kantiana
Authors: Rodríguez Aramayo Roberto
Published: June 2012

Contra lo que suele pensarse, la ética y la filosofía de la historia no suponen dos compartimentos estancos dentro del criticismo, sino que se hallan estrechamente relacionadas, a modo de vasos comunicantes, al igual que lo están las respuestas dadas a la segunda y tercera de sus célebres preguntas. A fin de cuentas, la moral kantiana no sabe renunciar a una suerte de imperativo el-pidológico que cumplimente cabalmente al categórico. El hombre no puede prescindir de la esperanza, pues ha de creer en el éxito de sus proyectos, y esa será la función ejercida por ideas tales como «Dios», «Naturaleza» o «Destino »; proporcionar el talante o estado anímico adecuado para. no tomar nuestros afanes morales por tareas quiméricas e imposibles, dotarnos de la confianza necesaria para sortear cualquier linde que pretenda cercar nuestra libertad y obstaculizar la paulatina remodelación nouménica del mundo fenoménico. De ahí el precepto kantiano de que «si debo, puedo».
La conciencia de la libertad (La filosofía moral como filosofía de la historia en Ernst Bloch)
Authors: Gimbernat José Antonio
Published: June 2012

A partir del concepto hegeliano de «progreso en la conciencia de la libertad », se puede hacer una lectura de la filosofía moral de Bloch como filosofía de la historia. Ello conduce a una reino reinterpretación libre y materialista de Hegel y a una recuperación de la moral en el marxismo. En diálogo con Kant se hace posible descubrir el potencial utópico del énfasis subjetivo de la moral. El objetivo del reino de la libertad marxiano es la clave de una historización política de la libertad, heredada en parte de la tradición liberal, lo que exige a su vez una nueva definición del concepto de progreso.
De Lessing a Benjamin: la otra Ilustración (Experiencia e individuo I)
Authors: Andreu Agustín
Published: June 2012

G.E. Lessing, con su lanzamiento de un espinosismo de corte leibníziano, intentó ofrecer a la Ilustración alemana un planteamiento que, desde el sentimiento y la historia, desde la tradición y la religiosidad, indicaba en continuidad caminos concretos de emancipación y de entendimiento universal. Tanto en sus obras teatrales (principalmente en Natán el Sabio) como en sus breves escritos teóricos (en particular en la educación del género humano) se plantea el tema de la transformación de las sociedades por la transformación de los individuos, basada en la experiencia propia de cada uno, que va convirtiendo verdades de la tradición y la religión en verdades de razón. Ya Lessing, que vio y calló, pero sobre todo Mendelssohn y Salomón Maimon entre otros, advirtieron que los presupuestos de la antropología kantiana imprimían a la vida e historia alemanas otra dirección -al dividir al hombre en intuición sensible y razón, y al fundamentar la Ética en la postulación abstracta. Gershom Scholem que, de los orígenes de la Alemania moderna supo recoger ese temblor de una predicción temprana, recibió en 1918 de manos del mismo Walter Benjamin uno de los escritos más lúcidos del s, XX por lo que hace a la crítica de la insuficiente Ilustración alemana «y tal vez de la europea en general». Tal insuficiencia se revelaba sobre todo en la estrechez del concepto kantiano de experiencia, que dejaba al individuo flotando en el vacío. Un individuo basado en una clase de certeza y seguridad indirectas y mediatas, quedaba expuesto a todos los peligros de interferencia y mecanización y acabaría privado de su capacidad de experiencia propia y por tanto de saber y de contar lo que «verdaderamente» le pasa. Sobre el programa de la filosofía futura es el esbozo donde Benjamin presenta los presupuestos de una emendatio experientiae como fundamento de una nueva teoría del conocimiento y de una nueva individualidad que habrá que alcanzar, ineludiblemente, a partir de la tipología del sistema kantiano mismo. El diseño de este estudio comparativo de dos tipos de antropología, introduce a una nueva teoría sobre experiencia e individuo.
Charles Taylor o la mejora de nuestro retrato moral (Realismo moral, historia de la subjetividad y lenguaje expresivo)
Authors: Thiebaut Carlos
Published: June 2012

El presente artículo presenta parte de los últimos trabajos de Charles Taylor en los que ha desarrollado un programa neohegeliano de comprensión de la ética que acentúa los supuestos sociales, comunitarios e históricos de la moral. Ubicándolo en su contexto, se subrayan tres elementos de ese programa que articulan algunas criticas al mismo: el carácter del realismo moral del que se reviste, el acento en la historia de la subjetividad como camino de entrada a la comprensión de los problemas éticos del presente, y el tono expresivo, específicamente literario, que reviste a las construcciones modern(ist)as de la subjetividad.
Fenomenología del prejuicio
Authors: Montero Moliner Fernando
Published: June 2012

Este trabajo expone la defensa del «prejuicio » llevada a cabo por Gadamer, mostrando su efectividad histórica y confrontándola con la crítica husserliana del «prejuicio» desde el apriorismo. Se pone de relieve, además, la historicidad del «mundo de la vida» y su incidencia en la teoría del a priori, para terminar con un estudio de la racionalidad del a priori y la facticidad del prejuicio.
Hermenéutica, Metafísica, Ética. La filosofía en lengua alemana durante las últimas décadas del siglo XX
Authors: Wiehl Reiner
Published: June 2012

Este trabajo contiene una panorámica del pensamiento alemán posterior a la segunda guerra mundial, mostrando sucesivamente las principales corrientes y la evolución de éstas en corrientes nuevas, sea por prolongación o por contraste: el existencialismo y el marxismo de los primeros años de postguerra; la herencia fenomenológica y la critica del cientificismo; la hermenéutica, la Escuela de Erlangen, la Escuela de Frankfurt en sus últimas estribaciones; la vuelta del interés por la filosofía griega, particularmente por Aristóteles y la reformulación contemporánea de sus conceptos éticos; el nuevo auge de los estudios kantianos y hegelianos; las peculiares modulaciones epistemológicas; etc. En la segunda mitad de la exposición traza cuatro marcos temáticos particularmente significativos dentro de cada uno de los cuales analiza las aportaciones del pensamiento alemán contemporáneo: la herencia de la filosofía trascendental como filosofía de la subjetividad; la renovación de la metafísica en una época de criticismo generalizado; la relación entre metafísica y ética; y la autocomprensión histórica de la filosofía contemporánea en el período de la modernidad y la postmodernidad.
Cuando la razón práctica no es tan pura (Aportaciones e implicaciones de la hermenéutica feminista alemana actual: a propósito de Kant)
Authors: Posada Kubissa Luisa
Published: June 2012

Este trabajo se asoma a la filosofía kantiana sobre los géneros, que, inscrita en el ámbito práctico de la razón, confiere «carta de naturaleza» a la desigualdad entre hombres (