bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alimentation lipidique et métabolisme du tissu adipeux chez les ruminants. Comparaison avec le porc et les rongeurs
Authors: CHILLIARD Y. , OLLIER A.
Published: July 2020

Les effets de la supplémentation en lipides des rations pour vaches laitières sont récapitulés, en particulier pour ce qui concerne l’efficacité énergétique, la production laitière, le bilan énergétique et les variations de poids vif et d’état corporel. La supplémentation lipidique ne modifie pas le gain de poids vif ou d’état corporel après le pic de lactation mais tend à accroître la perte de poids vif en début de lactation, malgré l’accroissement du bilan énergétique calculé. La supplémentation lipidique tend à accroître le dépôt des lipides corporels chez le ruminant en croissance. Elle diminue la synthèse de novo d’acides gras dans les tissus adipeux, sans changer l’activité de la lipoprotéine lipase ni la capacité d’estérification totale des acides gras in vitro. La libération basale d’acides gras libres par le tissu adipeux in vitro, et les réponses lipolytiques beta- adrénergiques, sont accrues par les acides gras polyinsaturés protégés. La supplémentation en lipides accroît le dépôt des lipides corporels chez le porc en croissance lorsqu’il est dans un environnement chaud ou à la neutralité thermique. Chez la truie en lactation, elle accroît l’ingestion d’énergie et la sécrétion des lipides du lait, tout en diminuant la perte de poids vif. La supplémentation lipidique diminue la synthèse de novo d’acides gras et la libération basale de glycérol par le tissu adipeux de porc, et tend à accroître les réponses lipolytiques beta-adrénergiques simultanément à un accroissement de la fluidité membranaire et à une diminution de l’activité de la phosphodiestérase. Les lipides corporels sont accrus chez les rongeurs qui reçoivent des régimes enrichis en lipides, mais de façon moins marquée avec les lipides riches en acides gras polyinsaturés. L’activité de la lipoprotéine lipase du tissu adipeux est diminuée. La synthèse d’acides gras dans le foie est fortement diminuée par les acides gras polyinsaturés, et de façon moindre dans les tissus adipeux. La réponse beta-adrénergique de la lipolyse des tissus adipeux est diminuée, l’estérification est augmentée, et une résistance à l’insuline apparaît, en particulier avec les acides gras saturés. Il existe d’importantes interactions entre la supplémentation des rations en lipides, l’espèce animale et l’état physiologique. Les acides gras ingérés sont orientés prioritairement vers la mamelle pendant la lactation, ce qui explique la faible réponse des tissus adipeux, en particulier chez les ruminants où la supplémentation en lipides n’augmente que faiblement l’ingestion d’énergie.
Elevages allaitants Charolais des zones herbagères face à la réforme de la PAC. Proposition d’une typologie d’adaptations et premiers résultats 1993
Authors: LHERM M. , BÉBIN D. , LIÉNARD G.
Published: July 2020

La réforme de la PAC concerne les élevages de bovins allaitants dans leurs trois fonctions, de production de viande, de cultures et d’entretien de l’espace. Une typologie de situations par rapport aux modalités de la réforme est proposée à partir d’un suivi d’exploitations diverses. Les premières adaptations réalisées en 1992 et 1993 sont présentées à partir d’un observatoire de 88 exploitations charolaises, par rapport à 1991 et elles sont resituées dans l’évolution à long terme. Les efforts des éleveurs ont d’abord été centrés, en 1992, sur la constitution du quota individuel de primes aux vaches allaitantes, avec augmentation du troupeau. En 1993, l’adaptation de l’utilisation du sol en vue d’obtenir la prime à l’herbe et les primes aux cultures ont été les principales préoccupations. En revanche, les systèmes de production des mâles sont peu changés, mais les génisses (non primées) deviennent le principal élément d’ajustement. Ces tendances risquent d’être encore vraies en 1995. Mais l’élément majeur du développement futur dépendra de la mobilité des références par rapport aux agrandissements possibles.
Carrière des vaches laitières : caractérisation de la phase d’élevage et relation avec les performances en première lactation
Authors: TROCCON J.L. , COULON J.B. , LESCOURRET F.
Published: July 2020

Les courbes de croissance de 971 génisses qui ont vêlé pour la première fois entre 1967 et 1991 dans les domaines expérimentaux INRA de Marcenat (Cantal), Theix et Orcival (Puy de Dôme) sont analysées ainsi que leurs conséquences sur les performances au début de la 1ère lactation. Ces génisses des races Montbéliarde, Frisonne, Holstein et les 2 croisements Holstein ont vêlé pour la première fois vers l’âge de 2 ans (274 vêlages précoces) ou de 3 ans (697 vêlages tardifs). Le poids vif après le premier vêlage des primipares précoces est plus faible de 83 kg et leur production laitière ajustée est réduite de 2 kg/j. Les cas de mortalité des veaux produits, de soins génitaux et de mammites sont accrus chez les vaches primipares précoces. Ces 2 populations ont été analysées séparément. Les profils de croissance issus de la classification des génisses selon leurs gains de poids vifs (4 pour les primipares précoces et 7 pour les primipares tardives) conduisent à des poids vifs après le premier vêlage de 470 à 490 kg pour les vaches primipares précoces et de 510 à 610 kg pour les vaches primipares tardives. Les différences maximales de poids vif étaient de 45 kg à l’âge de 6 mois et de 81 kg à l’âge de 12 mois. La différence de profil de croissance des vaches primipares précoces (4 profils identifiés) n’a pas d’incidence sur la production laitière au début de la première lactation. La production laitière des vaches primipares tardives augmente de 1,8 kg/j lorsque leur poids vif après le premier vêlage augmente de 530 à 590 kg. Le profil de croissance recommandé pour les génisses primipares tardives pourrait présenter des croîts modérés de la naissance aux âges de 6 ou 12 mois (700 g/j) puis jusqu’après le premier vêlage (400 g/j) sans pénaliser l’expression du potentiel laitier. Ces valeurs sont dans la moyenne des gains de poids vif de notre population de génisses primipares tardives.
La viscosité des aliments destinés à l’aviculture. Utilisation pour prédire la consommation et l’excrétion d’eau
Authors: CARRE B. , GOMEZ J. , MELCION J.P. , GIBOULOT B.
Published: July 2020

La méthode de mesure de la viscosité des extraits aqueux des matières premières et aliments utilisés en aviculture est décrite. Deux mesures sont effectuées, l’une où les enzymes endogènes sont désactivées par un prétraitement dans l’éthanol 80% à chaud, l’autre où aucun prétraitement n’est effectué ce qui permet l’expression des enzymes endogènes. La première détermination est appelée "viscosité potentielle", la deuxième "viscosité réelle". Les résultats sont exprimés en Logarithme de la viscosité relative rapporté à la concentration du matériel dans l’extrait. Cette expression est appelée "viscosité utile". Les viscosités utiles ont une répétabilité d’environ 5%. La viscosité utile potentielle (VUP) est additive. La VUP mesurée sur 26 types de matières premières montre de très larges variations entre les échantillons, les VUP les plus faibles étant observées pour le sorgho, le manioc, le pois et le maïs, et les plus élevées pour l’orge et le seigle. Pour les céréales, une bonne estimation de la VUP peut être obtenue par une extraction à pH 1,5 sans prétraitement éthanolique.
La température en sortie de presse affecte les valeurs de viscosité utile réelle (VUR), celles-ci ne pouvant être élevées que lorsque la température en sortie de presse (granulés de 2,5 mm) dépasse 90°C et lorsque la VUP est elle-même élevée. La granulométrie de broyage du matériel à extraire affecte fortement la VUR, les plus grossières conduisant aux plus faibles VUR. Il a pu être démontré que l’effet de la granulométrie n’est pas dû à l’activité des enzymes endogènes.
Vingt-sept régimes ont été testés sur des dindonneaux de chair de 5 semaines pour leur effet sur la consommation et l’excrétion d’eau. Des équations de régression multiple ont été calculées pour exprimer les consommations et excrétions d’eau rapportées à la consommation d’aliment en fonction des paramètres des régimes. Les meilleures équations contiennent les facteurs VUR et potassium, ou les facteurs VUP, température en sortie de granuleuse et potassium. Les valeurs de R2 les plus élevées sont de 0,758. Les équations font apparaître que les facteurs explicatifs s’expriment les uns par rapport aux autres d’une manière non additive.
UniBioDicts: Unified access to Biological Dictionaries
Authors: Zobolas John , Touré Vasundra , Kuiper Martin , Vercruysse Steven
Published: July 2020

We present a set of software packages that provide uniform access to diverse biological vocabulary resources that are instrumental for current biocuration efforts and tools. The Unified Biological Dictionaries (UniBioDicts or UBDs) provide a single query-interface for accessing the online API services of leading biological data providers. Given a search string, UBDs return a list of matching term, identifier and metadata units from databases (e.g. UniProt), controlled vocabularies (e.g. PSI-MI), and ontologies (e.g. GO, via BioPortal). This can be coupled to for instance the ‘vsm-autocomplete’ module: an input field (user-interface component) that offers autocomplete lookup for these dictionaries. UBDs create a unified gateway for accessing life science concepts, helping curators find annotation terms across resources (based on descriptive metadata and unambiguous identifiers), and data users search and retrieve the right query terms.
Proof that P ≠ NP
Authors: Samuels Jamell Ivan
Published: July 2020

The question does P = NP has confounded mathematicians and computer scientists alike for over 50 years and although there is an almost unanimous agreement that it in fact does not, there still is no absolute proof. In this paper, I attempt to prove to that P does not equal NP.
Kinetic Reactions Modeling and Optimization of Claus Process
Authors: Arslan Zahid Muhammad , Ali Faisal , Mubashir Muhammad , Iqbal Faheem
Published: July 2020

There are many pollution and environment problem in the human ecosystem. There are different methods are used to removal of sulfur from sour gases for example Basic Claus process and Modified Claus process . There are different chemical software are used for simulation and optimization of Claus process for example Aspen Plus and Chemcad ECT. The Gibbs free energy method is introduced and model of Claus process. There are new parameter are introduced in reaction furnace to reduce the error from 33% to 7 %. The waste heat boiler is installed at the reaction furnace in which high pressure stream is produced and study the decomposition the hydrogen sulphide. The new rate of reaction is introduced of the enhancement of H2 production in chemical process. The simulation of reaction furnace in Aspen plus software is the maximum utilization of process. Due to suitable operating condition of reaction furnace is caused the maximum destruction of ammonia gas in the reactor. When we are increasing the oxygen concentration and temperature of feed is causing decreasing the ammonia production in reaction furnace. It is below than acceptance value of ammonia is 150 ppm in the reaction furnace. The presence of oxygen components, Sulfur oxide, hydroxide components are effect on decreasing the amount of ammonia in furnace and temperature is about at 1350⁰C. It is noted that when the production of sulfur recovery is decrease in Claus process and the production of carbon monoxide is increase in the thermal section at the existence. Now we are work on parametric studies of furnace that could be causes the production of ammonia destruction and CO emission in the Claus process. Due to optimize the reaction furnace parameter are help to get large of sulfur production, ammonia gas destruction, increased the catalyst life and decreased of dangerous gases.
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Technique for Solar Power Sites Selection in Duhok Governorate – Iraq
Authors: Faqe Ibrahim Gaylan R. , Wali Mahmood Kamaran , Mahmud Muhammad Mirza
Published: July 2020

Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy, used particularly in developing countries. There are insufficient fossil fuels and their availability is gradually declining. This leads to a steady increase in prices. Renewable energy is clean, cost-effective and limitless. The considerable population growth and industrial growth have made the construction of solar power plants essential in developing countries. The study used Boolean logical-AHP techniques to select a suitable site for solar power in Duhok Governorate. The result indicated that 68.5% of the area in the governorate of Duhok is available for solar power station construction, especially the most appropriate zone which has 132.2 sq. km and can provide more than 8000 megawatts of solar energy. Most of the appropriate areas are in the south and southwest regions of the governorate, located mostly in the districts of Bardarash, Shekhan and Semel, situated between the major cities of Mosul, Erbil and Duhok. These locations can supply a significant amount of clean, renewable energy for these areas.
Complex Immuno-metabolic Profiling Reveals Activation of Cellular Immunity and Biliary Lesion in Patients with Severe COVID-19
Authors: Klocperk Adam , Bloomfield Marketa , Parackova Zuzana , Zentsova Irena , Vrabcova Petra , Balko Jan , Meseznikov Grigorij , Casas Mendez Luis Fernando , Grandcourtova Alzbeta , Sipek Jan , Tulach Martin , Zamecnik Josef , Vymazal Tomas , Sediva Anna
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the key laboratory features displayed by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inpatients which associated with mild, moderate, severe and fatal course of the disease and, through longitudinal follow-up, to understand the dynamics of COVID-19 pathophysiology. All SARS-CoV-2 positive patients admitted to the University Hospital in Motol between March and June 2020 were included in this study. Severe course of COVID-19 was associated with elevation of proinflammatory markers, efflux of immature granulocytes into peripheral blood, activation of CD8 T cells, which infiltrate lungs, and transient liver disease. In particular, the elevation of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and histological signs of cholestasis were highly specific for patients with severe disease. In contrast, patients with fatal course of COVID-19 failed to upregulate markers of inflammation, showed dyscoordination of immune response and progressed towards acute kidney failure. COVID-19 is a disease with multi-organ affinity characterized by activation of innate and cellular adaptive immunity. Biliary lesion with elevation of GGT and organ-infiltration of IL-6 producing cells are defining characteristic for patients with fulminant disease.
Investigation of Attributes for Identifying Homogeneous Flood Regions for Regional Flood Frequency Analysis in Canada
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Stadnyk Tricia A.
Published: July 2020

The identification of homogeneous flood regions is essential for regional flood frequency analysis. Despite the type of regionalization framework considered (e.g., region of influence or hierarchical clustering), selecting flood-related attributes to reflect flood generating mechanisms is required to discriminate flood regimes among catchments. To understand how different attributes perform across Canada for identifying homogeneous regions, this study examines five distinctive attributes (i.e., geographical proximity, flood seasonality, physiographic variables, monthly precipitation pattern, and monthly temperature pattern) for their ability to identify homogeneous regions at 186 gauging sites. We add an automatic component to enhance identification of homogeneous regions is proposed as an addition to the region of influence framework. Results are presented spatially for Canada to assess patterning of homogeneous regions. Memberships of two selected regions are investigated to provide insight into membership characteristics. Sites in eastern Canada are highly likely to identify homogeneous flood regions, while the western prairie and mountainous regions are not. Overall, it is revealed that the success of identifying homogeneous region is relevant to local hydrological complexities, to whether considered attribute reflects primary flooding mechanism, and to whether catchment sites are clustered in small geographic region. Formation of effective pooling groups affords the extension of record lengths across the Canadian domain (where gauges typically have <50 years of record), facilitating more comprehensive analysis of higher return periods floods need for climate change assessment.
Symmetry Breaking of Phospholipids
Authors: Buchet René , Fiore Michele
Published: July 2020

Either stereo reactants or stereo catalysis from achiral or chiral molecules are prerequisite to obtain pure enantiomeric lipid derivatives. We reviewed a few plausible organic syntheses of phospholipids under prebiotic conditions with a special attention to the starting materials as pro-chiral dihydroxyacetone and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), which are the key molecules to break symmetry in phospholipids. The advantages of homochiral membranes compared to those of heterochiral membranes were analysed in term of specific recognition, optimal functions of enzymes, membrane fluidity and topological packing. All biological membranes contain enantiomeric lipids in modern bacteria, eukarya and archaea. The contemporary archaea, comprising of methanogens, halobacteria and thermoacidophiles are living under extreme conditions reminiscent of primitive environment and may indicate the origin of one ancient evolution path of lipid biosynthesis. The analysis of lipid metabolism reveals that all modern cells including archaea synthetize enantiomeric lipid precursors from prochiral DHAP. sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (G1PDH), usually found in archaea, catalyses the formation of sn-glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P), while sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) catalyses the formation of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) in bacteria and eukarya. The selective enzymatic activity seems to be the main strategy that evolution retained to obtain enantiomeric pure lipids. The occurrence of two genes encoding for G1PDH and G3PDH, served to build up an evolution tree and the basis of our review focusing on the evolution of these two genes. Gene encoding for G3PDH in Eukarya may originate from G3PDH gene found in rare archaea indicating that archaea appeared earlier in the evolution tree than eukarya. Archaea and bacteria evolved probably separately, due to their distinct respective genes coding for G1PDH and G3PDH. The suggested hypothesis is that catalysis of homochiral G1P or G3P from DHAP are more efficient than those leading to racemic G1P and G3P, since there are no enzymes able to synthesize racemic G1P and G3P from DHAP. We propose that G1PDH or G3DPH, which are not “image mirror enzymes” but belonging to distinct family of proteins, emerged separately during evolution. They were probably selected for their efficient catalytic activities during evolution from large libraries of vesicles containing various biopolymers, including amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and meteorite components to induce chemical imbalance.
Transpersonal Gratitude, Emotional Intelligence, Life Contentment, and Mental Health Risk Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: E-Sahar Namood
Published: July 2020

World statistics demonstrate that around 970 million people around the globe suffer from mental health problems (Ritchie & Roser, 2019), a major proportion of which comprised of adolescents and young adults (UNODC, 2018). Also, because of increased mental health issues the problems like substance use, suicide, depression, anxiety, and stress are also increasing (Armstrong, 2019; Bandelow & Michaelis, 2015; Ritchie & Roser, 2018; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC], 2019). It is thus a dire need to address the issue. The present coneptual paper proposed the role of transpersonal gratitude, emotional intelligence, and life contentment for reducing mental health risk among the adolescents and young adults.
Computer Vision for Elderly Care Based on Hand Gestures
Authors: Oudah Munir , Al-Naji Ali , Chahl Javaan
Published: July 2020

Hand gestures may play an important role in medical applications for health care of elderly people, where providing a natural interaction for different requests can be executed by making specific gestures. In this study we explored three different scenarios using a Microsoft Kinect V2 depth sensor then evaluated the effectiveness of the outcomes. The first scenario utilized the default system embedded in the Kinect V2 sensor, which depth metadata gives 11 parameters related to the tracked body with five gestures for each hand. The second scenario used joint tracking provided by Kinect depth metadata and depth threshold together to enhance hand segmentation and efficiently recognize the number of fingers extended. The third scenario used a simple convolutional neural network with joint tracking by depth metadata to recognize five categories of gestures. In this study, deaf-mute elderly people execute five different hand gestures to indicate a specific request, such as needing water, meal, toilet, help and medicine. Then, the requests were sent to the care provider’s smartphone because elderly people could not execute any activity independently. The system transferred these requests as a message through the global system for mobile communication (GSM) using a microcontroller.
Preparing for Sea-Level Rise through an Adaptive Managed Retreat of a Two-Waters Network
Authors: Kool Rick , Lawrence Judy , Drews Martin , Bell Robert
Published: July 2020

Frequent flooding from sea-level rise (SLR) is one of the immediate climate change impacts affecting low-lying and exposed coastal communities. These communities rely upon the delivery of three-waters services for wastewater, stormwater and water supply. Due to ongoing SLR, managing these networks will increasingly be a challenge. This raises the issue of how local government can reconcile maintaining levels of service as the impacts of climate change and their uncertainties worsen over the coming decades (and beyond). Can they be adapted over time to retain levels of service or will they eventually require retreat and if so at what adaptation threshold? This paper explores managed retreat of two-waters infrastructure (wastewater and stormwater) as an adaptation option using a Dynamic Adaptive Pathway Planning (DAPP) approach. In the study, we use DAPP to frame the retreat of two-water networks, developing a combination of an area specific retreat strategy, pathway portfolios, retreat phases, land use change signaling and identify pathway conflicts and synergies. Repurposing retreated areas by utilizing Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) options was found to extend retreat thresholds for adjacent areas. A systematic ’routine’ developed in this study provides a structured approach for managed retreat of two-water infrastructure with the aim to reduce future disruption from flooding, signal land use changes early and allow for gradual budget adjustments by the agencies to manage expenditure over time. This approach helps inform and improve the decision-making process for the agencies and the communities they serve, by providing a stepwise process that can be communicated spatially and visually, thereby making a retreat adaptation option more manageable.
Excited-State Dynamics of Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Organic Materials Based on Monobenzil and Bisbenzil Frameworks
Authors: Maduwantha Kaveendra , Yamada Shigeyuki , Koswattage Kaveenga Rasika , Konno Tsutomu , Hosokai Takuya
Published: July 2020

Room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have been attracted tremendous interest owing to their unique material characteristics and potential applications for state-of-the-art optoelectronic devices. Recently, we have reported a synthesis and fundamental photophysical properties of new RTP materials based on benzil, i.e., fluorinated monobenzil derivative and fluorinated and non-fluorinated bisbenzil derivative analogues [Yamada, S. et al, Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1154–1162.]. To further understand their RTP properties, here we investigated the excited-state dynamics and photostability of the derivatives by means of time-resolved and steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopies. For these derivatives, clear RTP emissions with lifetimes on the microsecond timescale were identified. Among them, the monobenzil derivative was found to be the most efficient RTP material, showing both the longest lifetime and highest amplitude RTP emission. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra measured at 77 K and density functional theory calculations revealed the existence of a second excited triplet state in the vicinity of the first excited singlet state for the monobenzil derivative, indicative of the presence of a fast intersystem crossing pathway. A discussion of the correlation between the excited state dynamics, emission properties, and conformational flexibility of the three derivatives is presented.
Recognition and Repetition Counting for LME Exercises in Exercise-Based CVD Rehabilitation: A Comparative Study Using Artificial Intelligence Models
Authors: Prabhu Ghanashyama , O'Connor Noel E. , Moran Kieran
Published: July 2020

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation requires patients to perform a set of certain prescribed exercises a specific number of times. Local muscular endurance (LME) exercises are an important part of the rehabilitation program. Automatic exercise recognition and repetition counting, from wearable sensor data is an important technology to enable patients to perform exercises independently in remote settings, e.g. their own home. In this paper we first report on a comparison of traditional approaches to exercise recognition and repetition counting, corresponding to supervised machine learning and peak detection from inertial sensing signals respectively, with more recent machine learning approaches, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We investigated two different types of CNN: one using the AlexNet architecture, the other using time-series array. We found that the performance of CNN based approaches were better than the traditional approaches. For exercise recognition task, we found that the AlexNet based single CNN model outperformed other methods with an overall 97.18% F1-score measure. For exercise repetition counting , again the AlexNet architecture based single CNN model outperformed other methods by correctly counting repetitions in 90% of the performed exercise sets within an error of ±1. To the best of our knowledge, our approach of using a single CNN method for both recognition and repetition counting is novel. In addition to reporting our findings, we also make the dataset we created, the INSIGHT-LME dataset, publicly available to encourage further research.
Internet of Things and Blockchain-Based Framework for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease
Authors: Alam Tanweer
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 is an exponentially growing disease that has intentioned nations to use technologies to detect the coronavirus infection. Several nations are working greatly to fight against COVID-19. Many nations have been using a range of devices to combat the pandemic, seeking information about growth, monitoring as well as the leaking the confidential information of the residents. This research aims to assist infected people online using the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain technologies through smart devices. IoT-based healthcare devices gather useful information, provide additional insight through symptoms and behaviors, allow remote monitoring, and simply give people better self - determination and healthcare. Blockchain allows the secure transfer of patient health information, regulates the medical distribution network. A four-layer architecture is proposed using IoT and Blockchain to detect and prevent individuals to be COVID 19. This research provides a framework for patients with COVID-19 infectious disease and recognizes health issues and diagnoses online. Smart devices such as smartphones can install any mobile apps such as Aarogya Setu, Tawakkalna, and so on. These applications can track COVID-19 patients properly. The installation of mobile apps on smart devices focuses to reduce the time and cost and increase the performance of the infectious patient's condition. A four-layer architecture is proposed using IoT and Blockchain technologies. Many research works focus on investigating, analyzing, and highlighting the affected individuals through guiding the COVID-19 infection. Eventually, various mobile apps are recognized and addressed in this paper.
Heat Stress Modulates the GSK-3β Levels and Tau Phosphorylation
Authors: Dubey Tushar , Chinnathambi Subashchandrabose
Published: July 2020

Alzheimer’s disease is a prominent neurological disorder, which leads to progressive dementia. The microtubule-associated protein Tau is been considered as one of the major causes of Alzheimer’s disease. Physiologically Tau assists in the stabilization of microtubules, contrary to this the pathological state of Tau results in the formation of neurotoxic tangles of Tau. The posttranslational modifications, such as GSK-3β-mediated Tau phosphorylation results in the generation of Tau pathology. Neuroinflammation generated in Alzheimer’s disease, contributes to elevated body temperature. The aim of present work is to study the effect of high temperature on Tau phosphorylation. The neuroblastoma cells were exposed to heat stress for 40 minutes. The immunofluorescence and western blot studies suggested that high temperature increases the levels of GSK-3β in cells. Heat stressed cells was also observed to have elevated levels of phosphorylated Tau. Additionally, heat stressed cells found to have modulated nuclear transport as the level of Ran was reduced. The results of present work suggested that increased temperature could be considered as a risk factor in Alzheimer’s disease as it elevated the GSK-3β levels in cells thus, resulting in increased Tau phosphorylation.
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Encapsulated Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite: Pre-modification, Synthesis, and Latex Stability
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Letian , Meng Shanyu , Lin Hanxue , Correll Melanie , Tong Zhaohui
Published: July 2020

The compatibility of graphene or graphene oxide with its dispersion medium (polymer) plays a critical role in the formation nanocomposite materials with significant property improvements. Environmentally friendly miniemulsion polymerization, which allows a formation of nanoencapsulation in an aqueous phase and high molecular weight polymer/composite production is one promising method. In this study, we screened a series of amphiphilic modifiers and found that the quaternary ammonium (ar-vinyl benzyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (VBTAC) pending carbon double bonds could effectively modify the graphene oxide (GO) to be compatible with the organophilic monomer. After that, free radical miniemulsion polymerization could successfully synthesize stable latex of exfoliated poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/ GO nanocomposite. The final latex had an extended storage life and a relatively uniform particle size distribution. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of this latex and its films indicated successful encapsulation of exfoliated nano-dimensional graphene oxide inside a polymer matrix.
Non-Invasive PPG-Based System for Continuous Heart Rate Monitoring of Incubated Avian Embryo
Authors: Youssef Ali , Berckmans Daniel , Norton Tomas
Published: July 2020

The chicken embryo is a widely used experimental animal-model in many studies such as developmental biology and to study the physiological responses and adaptation to altered environments as well as for cancer and neurobiology research. Embryonic heart rate is an important physiological variable useful as an index reflecting the embryo's natural activity and is considered one of the most difficult parameters to measure. An acceptable measurement technique of embryonic heart rate should provide a reliable cardiac signal quality while maintaining adequate gas exchange through the eggshell along the incubation and embryonic developmental period. In this paper, we presented a detailed design and methodology for a non-invasive PPG-based prototype (Egg-PPG) for real-time and continuous monitoring of embryonic heart rate during incubation. An automatic embryonic cardiac wave detection algorithm, based on normalised spectral entropy, is described. The developed algorithm successfully estimated the embryonic heart rate with 98.7% accuracy. We believe that the developed overall system presented in this paper is showing a promising solution for non-invasion, real-time monitoring of embryonic cardiac signal, which can be used in both experimental studies (e.g., developmental embryology and cardiovascular research) and in industrial incubation applications.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПАТОГЕНЕЗА И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ (2019-nCoV)
Authors: Печерский Александр
Published: July 2020

Статья посвящена особенностям патогенеза и лечения новой коронавирусной инфекции (2019-nCoV). Статья была написана 16.04.2020 в качестве предложений по обновлению пятого выпуска временных методических рекомендаций «Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (2019-nCoV)».
Determinants of self-paid rotavirus vaccination status in Kanazawa, Japan, including socioeconomic factors, parents’ perception, and children’s characteristics
Authors: Hara Megumi , Koshida Rie , Araki Kaoru , Kondo Masahide , Hirota Yoshio
Published: July 2020

Background: Japan’s National Immunization Program does not cover rotavirus vaccine and no government subsidies are available. This study aimed to measure the uptake of and determinants that influenced self-paid rotavirus vaccination, including socioeconomic status and relative poverty.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at health check-ups for all children aged 18 months in Kanazawa, Japan, between December 2017 and July 2018. Community nurses collected information on self-paid vaccination history, parents’ perceptions of and recommendations for rotavirus vaccine, and socioeconomic status in interviews using a unified questionnaire. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess vaccine uptake and possible determinants.Results: In total, 1,282 participants were enrolled. The estimated rotavirus vaccine coverage was 72.9%. Perceptions that rotavirus gastroenteritis was serious and that the rotavirus vaccine was effective, pediatricians’ recommendations, information from the city office, magazine and Internet articles, and higher parental education level were associated with higher rotavirus vaccine uptake. Lower household income was associated with decreased rotavirus vaccine uptake. Vaccine expense, fear of adverse reactions to the vaccine, number of household members and siblings, and children’s characteristics were not correlated with rotavirus vaccination. Poverty was associated with decreased rotavirus vaccine uptake, even after adjustment for other determinants (adjusted odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.90).Conclusion: Parents’ perceptions, socioeconomic status, relative poverty, and pediatricians’ recommendations are determinants of vaccination. This study suggests that appropriate information about rotavirus vaccine, subsidies for those of lower socioeconomic status, and national recommendations are necessary to achieve higher coverage.
Differences in patient population and service provision between nurse practitioner and general practitioner consultations in Swiss primary care: a case study
Authors: Gysin Stefan , Meier Rahel , Vught Anneke van , Merlo Christoph , Gemperli Armin , Essig Stefan
Published: July 2020

Background Primary care systems around the world have implemented nurse practitioners (NPs) to ensure access to high quality care in times of general practitioner (GP) shortages and changing health care needs of a multimorbid, ageing population. In Switzerland, NPs are currently being introduced, and their exact role is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to get insight into patient characteristics and services provided in NP consultations compared to GP consultations in order to appraise whether the NP role meets the political and demographic demands in Swiss primary care.Methods This case study used retrospective observational data from electronic medical records of a family practice with one NP and two GPs. Data on patient-provider encounters were collected between August 2017 and December 2018. We used logistic regression to assess associations between the assignment of the patients to the NP or GP and patient characteristics and delivered services respectively.Results Data from 5,210 patients participating in 27,811 consultations were analyzed. The average patient age was 44.3 years (SD 22.6), 47.1% of the patients were female and 19.4% multimorbid. 1,613 (5.8%) consultations were with the NP, and 26,198 (94.2%) with the two GPs. Patients in NP consultations were more often aged 85+ (OR 3.43; 95%-CI 2.70-4.36), multimorbid (OR 1.37; 95%-CI 1.24-1.51; p <0.001) and polypharmaceutical (OR 1.28; 95%-CI 1.15-1.42; p <0.001) in comparison to GP consultations. In NP consultations, vital signs (OR 3.05; 95%-CI 2.72-3.42; p <0.001) and anthropometric data (OR 1.33; 95%-CI 1.09-1.63; p 0.005) were measured more frequently, and lab tests (OR 1.16; 95%-CI 1.04-1.30; p 0.008) were ordered more often compared to GP consultations, independent of patient characteristics. By contrast, medications (OR 0.35; 95%-CI 0.30-0.41; p <0.001) were prescribed or changed less frequently in NP consultations.Conclusions Quantitative data from pilot projects provide valuable insights into NP tasks and activities in Swiss primary care. Our results provide first indications that NPs might have a focus on and could offer care to the growing number of multimorbid, polypharmaceutical elderly in Swiss primary care. NPs could offer care to the growing number of multimorbid, polypharmaceutical elderly, and might relieve work pressure from the GPs. Hence, the NP role has the potential to meet the current political and demographic demands in Swiss primary care. An extended scope of practice, especially prescription rights, could foster further professional practice and role implementation.
Ontogeny of hepatic metabolism in mule ducks highlights different gene expression profiles between carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways
Authors: Massimino William , Davail Stéphane , Seccula Aurélie , Andrieux Charlotte , Bernadet Marie-Dominique , Pioche Tracy , Ricaud Karine , Gontier Karine , Morisson Mireille , Collin Anne , Panserat Stéphane , Houssier Marianne
Published: July 2020

Background: The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. The early environment can have short- and long-term impacts on the physiology of many animal species and can be used to influence physiological responses that is called programming. This study proposes to describe the basal hepatic metabolism at the level of mRNA in mule duck embryos in order to reveal potential interesting programming windows in the context of foie gras production. To this end, a kinetic study was designed to determine the level of expression of selected genes involved in steatosis-related liver functions throughout embryogenesis. The livers of 20 mule duck embryos were collected every four days from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12) until 4 days after hatching (D4), and gene expression analysis was performed. The expression levels of 50 mRNAs were quantified for these 7 sampling points and classified into 4 major cellular pathways.Results: Interestingly, most mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism are overexpressed after hatching (FASN, SCD1, ACOX1), whereas genes implicated in carbohydrate metabolism (HK1, GAPDH, GLUT1) and development (HGF, IGF, FGFR2) are predominantly overexpressed from E12 to E20. Finally, regarding cellular stress, gene expression appears quite stable throughout development, contrasting with strong expression after hatching (CYP2E1, HSBP1, HSP90AA1). Conclusion: For the first time we described the kinetics of hepatic ontogenesis at mRNA level in mule ducks and highlighted different expression patterns depending on the cellular pathway. These results could be particularly useful in the design of embryonic programming for the production of foie gras.
Experiences with High Success Rate of External Cephalic Version and Comparisons of Different Tocolysis for Risk-effective version based on a bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Yunyun Xiao , Yu Ma Si , Jing Li , Wei Zhao , Yan Dong
Published: July 2020

Background: External cephalic version (ECV) has been proved effectively in reducing the cesarean section rates, but the success rates of the procedure are uneven. Experiences of ECV with high success rate were concluded in this paper. And in order to evaluate the efficiency of the applied tocolytic agents, a corresponding bayesian-network meta-analysis was conducted.Methods: Through retrospective analysis of eighty-four single pregnant women with breech presentation near or at term who received ECV from Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from April 2017 to November 2019, influence factors associated with the success rate of ECV were analyzed. Meanwhile, a bayesian-network meta-analysis including sixteen eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about comparisons of five common tololytic agents and placebo with 3468 participants searched from Pubmed, Cochrane library and Embase databases until May 20, 2019 was conducted to identify the efficiency of ritodrine and terbutaline applied in the authors’ procedures. Results: The ECV procedures were conducted by a skilled obstetrician through strict selection of the candidates. Oral ritodrine, intravenous terbutaline in combination with epidual analgesia were applied as interventions. Success rate of ECV reached 90.48% (76/84) and the overall vaginal delivery rate is up to 88.16% (67/76). Only one patient reverted to breech presentation due to loose of the bellyband. Among the possible variables, amniotic fluid index were identified to have significantly relationship with the success rate of ECV. As the bayesian network meta-analysis proved: terbutaline, salbutamol and ritodrine played more important roles than nitroglycerine and nifedipine on the success rate of ECV. But salbutamol was found to have more common side effects than terbutaline and ritodrine.Conclusions: We conclude that factors influencing the success rate of ECV mainly include: 1. characteristics of the mothers and fetuses, 2. interventions, 3. skills of the surgeon. During ECV process, selection of patients with enough amniotic fluid and proper stature with no contraindications is essential. And a more detailed scoring standard according to the possible influence indicators of the mothers and fetuses for the feasibility of ECV should be set up in the future. Besides, application of terbutaline and ritodrine as tocolytic agents during ECV procedure were considered to be effective for increasing successful versions.
Spatiotemporal Coupling Dual-photocatalytic Integration in Atomic- hybridized Co0.5Fe0.5In2S4 Nanoflowers for High Efficiency Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Wu Qifan , Zhou Gang , Li Tao , Guo Jun , Liu Lizhe
Published: July 2020

The photocatalytic reduction of N2 to NH3 under mild conditions using low-cost solar is an attractive alternative to replace the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, but which is typically hampered by poor binding of N2 to catalysts and high activation energy of intermediates. In particular time window, catalyst hydrogenation directly induced by photocatalytic water splitting can provide an alternation pathway to overcome limitations in conventional N2 reduction reaction (NRR). Herein, we propose a spatiotemporal coupling strategy in Co0.5Fe0.5In2S4 ultrathin nanoflowers to integrate hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and NRR together, in which the photo-excited carrier life time is intentionally extended to match six-electron NRR process; meanwhile hydrogen evolution rate is limited to generate a transient hydrogenation on catalytic surface for accelerating N2 adsorption and activation. This spatiotemporal coupling design can easily drive N2 to *N2H2 and far away from conventional stagewise activation of N≡N triplet bonds. As a result, the photocatalytic performance of N2 reduction is about 85.8 μmol g-1 h-1 without sacrificial agent. Our findings provide a new paradigm for integrating dual photocatalytic reduction, bringing a transient hydrogenation and free nitrogen directly to reactants without requiring N2 molecular adsorption to the catalyst.
CASR Expression Differs Between Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Yang Meng , Lu Yao , Zhang Ling , Song Aiping , Zhang Honglei , Pang Bo , Li Xin , Liu Jun , Sun Xiaoliang , Ji Haoyang , Huang Linping
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE: Calcium-sensitive receptor (CASR) play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of secondary parathyroidism (SHPT). The purpose of this study is to study the protein and gene expression characteristics of CASR in SHPT.Methods: Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of CASR protein and genes in SHPT tissues, and compared with the expression of CASR in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).Results: CASR protein was down-regulated in SHPT and PHPT compared with normal parathyroid tissure（2.42±0.5 vs 3.2±0.62, P <0.05; 1.8±0.83 vs 3.2±0.62, P <0.05）, meanwhile SHPT tissue was higher than PHPT in the expression of CASR protein（2.42±0.5 vs 1.8±0.83, P <0.05）; CASR expression in SHPT tissue was higher than PHPT in gene expression（0.29±0.23 vs 0.01±0.12, P <0.05）. Conclusion: The expression of CASR protein and gene in SHPT is higher than that of PHPT. This feature provides a theoretical basis and ideas for studying the mechanism of CASR down-regulation.