bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concept of school organizational culture in (post)pandemic environment
Authors: Relja Renata , Gutović Tea , Vukasović Izabela
Published: February 2023

In the context of sociological interest, the fundamental goal of our research was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on organizational culture within elementary schools. The authors started from the assumption that the COVID-19 pandemic influenced changes within the organizational culture, negatively affecting the organization of the school’s work as an educational institution. The research was conducted during June and July 2021. A quantitative and qualitative approach was combined using survey methods and semi-structured interviews. An elementary school in the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, was chosen for the case study. The survey was conducted with the teachers at the school, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with the principal and professional associates. The sample included part of employees of the selected school (teachers), i.e., thirty respondents. The research results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the organizational culture of elementary schools and is the cause of numerous changes that are not necessarily negative. Most of the changes occurred within the organization of work and teaching. Changes in forms of work during a pandemic did not have a negative effect on the school collective, and there was no disruption of relationships, working environment, atmosphere, communication, and cooperation within the collective. It is concluded that supportive school culture will be reflected in student achievements and the work of all employees, and will have a wider positive social impact and therefore should be encouraged.
Research on the preservation of the inheritance of the intangible cultural heritage Old Beijing Rabbit
Authors: Lin Bai
Published: February 2023

Rabbit is one of the intangible cultural heritages in Beijing, but with the popularity of modern smart products, it is gradually fading from the public’s view. In order to better protect and help the rabbit master and solve the problem of dying out, this paper will analyze its cultural connotation, artistic characteristics and other perspectives, and propose new inheritance protection strategies, including: the application of new technology to create “Rabbit” IP; Rabbit animation video, dynamic heritage dissemination; online and offline “Rabbit non-heritage festival” to enhance the interactive experience, breaking the geographical communication limitations. In short, the combination with the trend of the times through the public’s favorite way to let the rabbits back to people’s lives.
Location Choice of the Five Mekong Countries’ Ability to Undertake China’s Industrial Transfer
Authors: Fan Xian , Yang Ruibo
Published: February 2023

The core of “building a community of destiny of the Mekong countries” is to promote sustainable economic development in the Mekong basin, and a comprehensive understanding of the ability of the five Mekong countries to take over Chinese industries is of great significance to promote Mekong cooperation. The study analyzes the overall take-up capacity of the five Mekong countries by constructing an index system for evaluating the take-up capacity of industries. The study shows that the industrial transfer capacity of the five Lan Mekong countries from 2011 to 2017 shows a stable trend, with Vietnam declining slowly and Laos growing faster, and the industrial transfer capacity of the five countries shows obvious spatial differentiation characteristics.
On Application of Case Method in Teaching of Equipment Contract Management
Authors: Wen Xiaoge , Li Jijun , Zhang Ming
Published: February 2023

The application of the case teaching method in the equipment contract management course can overcome the limitation of the traditional teaching method which emphasizes the theory and ignores practice, and is conducive to improving the students’ comprehensive quality and the teachers’ scientific research ability and professional level. The paper mainly introduces the standards of the case selection and the classification of the teaching contents in the application of the case teaching method in the course of the equipment contract management, and puts forward some opinions on other problems that should be paid attention to in the current case teaching of the equipment contract management.
Enterprise data security compliance strategy: A study based on typical cases
Authors: Xu Yinghui , Chen Xi , Li Chuang , Ge Lianzhu , Zhao Haiyan , Jiang Tianying
Published: February 2023

Data security compliance management is the fundamental premise that data application does not infringe on the interests of countries, enterprises and individuals. It is an important foundation for realizing the driving role of data elements. Based on the data security compliance management practices of typical enterprises at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the excellent practices of leading demonstration enterprises, and proposes six key strategies for enterprise data security compliance, including classification of typical data application scenarios, analysis of key links of data security compliance application, formulation of data security compliance application management system and standards, optimization of data security compliance application process mechanism, formulation of whole-process management measures of data security compliance, and improvement of data security compliance guarantee mechanism, as to provide references for the research and construction of enterprise data security compliance management system.
Exploration of Development Strategies of the Music Education in Secondary School from the Perspective of Post-Philosophical Culture
Authors: Chen Li
Published: February 2023

Since the 1960s and 1970s, the aesthetic-centered music education system in Secondary School has been increasingly mature, while the post-philosophical culture has brought about an obvious impact on the ideas of music education in Secondary School. From the post-philosophical cultural perspective, it is important for us to reflect on the return of music education in Secondary School to the world of life, to explore the practical philosophical tendency of music education, to emphasize the pursuit of pluralistic dialogue, and to promote the integration of multiple cultures. In the specific implementation of music education teaching process in Secondary School, it contains the interdisciplinary multi-level and multi-perspective dialogue thinking between teachers and students, between teachers and students and music text and between students. The development strategies of music education in Secondary School in the post-philosophical cultural perspective are to emphasize the practicality of music education, to cultivate a pluralistic and value-oriented view of education for the subject, to expand the horizon of interdisciplinary dialogue and to pay attention to interdisciplinarity.
Problems and Countermeasures of Internationalization of Faculty in Higher Education
Authors: Hou Rongzeng
Published: February 2023

The internationalization of university faculty is crucial to the development of university education, and our universities are aware of this and have been actively importing, exporting, international exchange and cooperation from abroad according to the national policy and their own development needs. However, there are still many problems facing the internationalization of China’s university teaching staff. Therefore, with the continuous development of our government’s study abroad and the implementation of exchange and cooperation programs between provinces, this creates favorable conditions for the internationalization of faculty in our universities, as well as takes a series of measures to attract and cultivate internationalized talents as a way to strengthen the internationalization of faculty. This paper analyzes the problems of internationalization of faculty construction and proposes corresponding countermeasures.
The Myth of Women’s Fates under Patriarchal Crisis Control: A Case Study on Heroine’s Characterization in Mid-Covid 19 Chinese TV Series
Authors: Ma Siqi , Yan Jiayi
Published: February 2023

2018 witnessed some unprecedently strict regulations on national media content production and distribution by the Chinese National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA). On its annual recommended lists of excellent national TV series, there is a noticeable increase in historical series in line with core socialist values. Since late 2019, there has been a strict home-quarantine policy amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Accompanied by the newly introduced three-child birth policy in the context of the country’s low fertility rate and significant ageing, a re-emphasis on traditional Confucian ideologies incented by the Chinese authorities emerged: the primary identity of women being an understanding wife and loving mother. Furthermore, thus, a manifestation of such enforced patriarchal ideologies and cultural values is visible in the country’s strictly regulated media content. This study sets off from a corpus of national recommended TV lists to investigate the myth of women’s fates in amid-pandemic Chinese TV series that are appraised and supported by authorities to explore how their identities are constructed and potentially abused under patriarchal media production.
The Relationship Between Bipolar Spectrum Disorder and Creativity
Authors: Ye Ruining
Published: February 2023

Bipolar spectrum disorder as one of the most debated and studied topics in clinical psychology has been brought to the attention of the public because of its plausible connection to creativity. Recent events of celebrities claiming their onsets of bipolar episodes reinforces the belief of the connection and it will rely on the field of clinical psychology to give the public an unbiased and cautiously experimented theory to such an issue. This paper discusses the topic by defining the variations of bipolar spectrum disorder and creativity and evaluates the presenting the current recognition of the connection between the two subjects. Later, through examining the experimental processes of the behavioral, genetic psycho-neuron, and psychoanalytic perspectives, this paper provides a comprehensive view to the readers regarding the experimental process and each approach’s strengths and potential flaws. Even though the experiments prove the correlation between bipolar spectrum disorder and creativity, the underlying symptoms of bipolar can only act as a catalyst for creativity. Future studies should try to further validify and solidify the experimental results and promote the findings to the public through appropriate media.
Qualities of Relations in Time and Space - Factors Shaping Time and Space in Architecture
Authors: Zhang Zexu
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to discuss the relationship between space and time in architecture. It will explain how the aesthetics in architecture is presented from the perspectives of time and space. The discussion results will be further explained in combination with academic projects.
Symbolic communication in cultural television programmes
Authors: Cheng Tang
Published: February 2023

Television performs the fundamental role of spreading information and transmitting culture as a method of mass communication because it is a significant carrier of both.It reflects both the social ambitions of society as a whole and the way that society is currently developing and functioning.It seems that only exciting TV shows can no longer entirely satisfy audience needs after multiple rounds of the program’s carnival-like eruptions, and too much entertainment has made viewers less aesthetic.Finding programs that may actually satisfy audience requirements has thus become a breakthrough for the advancement of television in the future.
Zerebellärer Schwindel, was steckt dahinter?
Authors: Feil Katharina , Rattay Tim W. , Adeyemi Adedolapo Kamaldeen , Goldschagg Nicolina , Strupp Michael
Published: February 2023

Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen umfassen ein multisensorisches und interdisziplinäres Syndrom unterschiedlicher Ätiologie und Pathogenese, wobei beim zerebellären Schwindel die Beschwerden durch die vestibulo-zerebellären, vestibulo-spinalen oder zerebellären Systeme verursacht werden. Der Begriff des zerebellären Schwindels umfasst eine heterogene Gruppe von Störungen mit klinischen Anzeichen einer Kleinhirnfunktionsstörung. Bei rund 10% der Patienten in einer Spezialambulanz für Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen ist der zerebelläre Schwindel ursächlich für die Vorstellung. Nach zeitlichem Verlauf können 3 Typen unterschieden werden: dauerhafte Beschwerden, wiederkehrende Episoden mit Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen und ein akutes Auftreten der Beschwerden. Die häufigsten Diagnosen waren: degenerative Erkrankungen; hereditäre Formen und erworbenen Formen 81 % der Patienten mit einem zerebellären Schwindel leiden an dauerhaften, persistierenden Schwindelbeschwerden, 31 % an Schwindelattacken und 21 % sowohl an dauerhaften Beschwerden als auch an Attacken, während typische klinische zerebelläre Zeichen, u. a. Gang- und Extremitätenataxien oder eine Dysarthrie seltener festgestellt wurden. Schlüssel zur Diagnose sind eine dezidierte, zielgerichtete Anamnese sowie eine gründliche klinische Untersuchung mit besonderem Augenmerk der Okulomotorik. Hinsichtlich der Untersuchung der Okulomotorik zeigten sich am häufigsten eine sakkadierte Blickfolge, ein Blickrichtungsnystagmus, Provokationsnystagmus, Reboundnystagmus, ein zentraler Fixationsnystagmus, am häufigsten der DBN sowie Sakkadenstörungen und einer Divergenzinsuffizienz. Die Untersuchung der Okulomotorik ist somit sehr sensitiv, um die Diagnose zu unterstützen, jedoch nicht spezifisch in der Unterscheidung verschiedener Krankheitsätiologien. Apparative Untersuchungen mittels Posturografie und einer standardisierten Ganganalyse können die Diagnosestellung unterstützen und zur Abschätzung des Sturzrisikos sowie zur Quantifizierung des Verlaufs und möglicher symptomatischer Behandlungseffekte beitragen. Patienten mit zerebellärem Schwindel sollten eine multimodale Behandlung erhalten.
Genetische Diagnostik zerebellärer Ataxien
Authors: Schöls Ludger , Synofzik Matthis
Published: February 2023

Hereditäre Ataxien werden aufgrund ihrer genetischen Grundlage zu Vorreitern einer zielgerichteten molekularen Präzisionsmedizin in der Neurologie. Neben diversen Small-molecule-Ansätzen werden erste Antisense-Oligonukleotid (ASO)-Therapiestudien erwartet. Dabei gestaltet sich jedoch die vorausgehende klinisch-genetische Aufarbeitung degenerativer Ataxie-Erkrankungen schwierig, angesichts einer zunehmenden, selbst für Experten oftmals kaum überschaubaren Anzahl neuer – teils häufiger, teils extremst seltener – genetischer Ataxie-Erkrankungen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine pragmatische Orientierung für Nichtataxie-Experten für die klinisch-genetische Aufarbeitung von Patienten mit degenerativer Ataxie. Nach einer allgemeinen Einführung zu besonderen Aspekten bei der Untersuchung und Anamnese bei Ataxie-Patienten werden vor allem Häufigkeit und Therapierelevanz der jeweiligen Ataxie-Typen berücksichtigt und ein praktisch orientierter genetischer diagnostischer Algorithmus vorgestellt.
Die sechs häufigsten peripherenvestibulären Syndrome
Authors: Strupp Michael , Zwergal Andreas , Goldschagg Nicolina
Published: February 2023

Periphere vestibuläre Syndrome beruhen auf einer Funktionsstörung des Labyrinths und/oder des Nervus vestibulocochlearis. Phänomenologisch und pathophysiologisch lassen sich 3 Formen klinisch unterscheiden: 1. Rezidivierende Schwindelepisoden mit je nach Ursache unterschiedlicher Dauer, unterschiedlichen Begleitsymptomen und Auslösern. Die zugrunde liegenden Erkrankungen sind der Benigne periphere paroxysmale Lagerungsschwindel, Morbus Menière, Vestibularisparoxysmie und das Syndrom der dritten mobilen Fenster. 2. Das akute vestibuläre Syndrom, bedingt durch eine akute vestibuläre Tonusdifferenz mit dem Leitsymptom heftiger langdauernder Drehschwindel: die akute unilaterale Vestibulopathie/Neuritis vestibularis. 3. Persistierender Schwankschwindel und Gangunsicherheit bedingt durch ein bilaterales vestibuläres Defizit: die bilaterale Vestibulopathie. Für alle diese Erkrankungen liegen Diagnosekriterien der Bárány-Society vor, die gleichermaßen wichtig sind für die klinische Praxis und für wissenschaftliche Studien. Für die Behandlung peripherer vestibulärer Syndrome werden in Abhängigkeit von der Ursache 5 Therapieprinzipien eingesetzt: 1. Sorgfältige Aufklärung des Patienten über Art und Ursache der Beschwerden und die Therapieeffekte; dies ist auch wichtig für die Compliance des Patienten. 2. Physikalisch-medizinische Behandlung: A) Bogengangspezifische Befreiungsmanöver: für den posterioren Kanal das SémontPlus-Manöver, das dem Sémont- und Epley- Manöver überlegen ist; für den horizontalen Kanal das modifizierte Roll-Manöver und für den anterioren Bogengang das modifizierte Yacovino-Manöver. B) Balancetraining bei sensorischen Defiziten (hohe Evidenz). 3. Symptomatische oder kausale medikamentöse Behandlung. Hier mangelt es weiterhin an placebokontrollierten Pharmakotherapiestudien, sodass die Evidenzlage niedrig ist und ein hoher klinischer Forschungsbedarf besteht. 4. Operative Maßnahmen, z. B. bei dem Syndrom der dritten mobilen Fenster. 5. Bei funktionellem Schwindel psychotherapeutische Verfahren.
Motorische Kontrolle der orofazialen-kraniozervikalen Region bei
Stimmproblemen
Authors: Kühnert Katharina , Rößler Lena , Schemmann Heike , von Piekartz Harry J.M.
Published: February 2023

Körperhaltung und Muskelspannung beeinflussen den Klang der Stimme. Aber
gibt es auch einen Zusammenhang zwischen der motorischen Kontrolle der Nacken-,
Gesichts- und Kieferregion und der Stimme? Die Pilotstudie mit 12
Sängerinnen ging dieser Frage nach und zeigt: Es ist sinnvoll, die
motorische Kontrolle zu testen, wenn Patient*innen mit Stimmproblemen
zur Physiotherapie kommen.
Prüfungsthema: Muskeln, Sehnen, Bänder
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: February 2023

In diesem HPA-Prüfungstrainer beschäftigen sich alle Fragen mit Muskeln, Sehnen, Bänder.
Unsere stärkste Sehne … eine bekannte Schwachstelle
Authors: Kämper Harald
Published: February 2023

Über- und Fehlbelastungen der Achillessehne können zu chronischen Erkrankungen werden, denen schulmedizinisch nicht unbedingt beizukommen ist. Komplementäre Heilweisen wie Phytotherapie und Komplexmittel-Homöopathie können wertvolle Heilungsimpulse geben. Sie haben sich als ursächliche Therapien bewährt und werden in vielen Fällen erfolgreich eingesetzt. Eine ganzheitliche Behandlungsidee, die dabei verschiedene Heilweisen und Betrachtungen kombiniert, bewegt sich vom Lokalbefund zum gesamten Netzwerk des menschlichen Organismus.
Development of Ar gas cluster ion beam system for surface preparation in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Tokuyama Atsuya , Moriya Ayumi , Nakayama Kosuke
Published: February 2023

Gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) sputtering has a high potential for obtaining clean and flat surfaces on materials without causing structural or compositional damage. We have developed an Ar cluster GCIB system for surface preparation in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The constructed GCIB system is compatible with ultrahigh vacuum and achieves a beam current of 10 µA. We examined the usefulness of our GCIB system for high surface-sensitive ARPES measurements by applying it to several representative materials, e.g., Sb, GaAs, and Te. The results show that the constructed GCIB system is very useful for preparing a clean flat surface on crystals, widening opportunities for precise ARPES measurements for materials whose crystal surfaces or orientations are hardly obtained by a simple cleaving method.
A high-efficient piezoelectric wireless energy transmission system based on magnetic force coupling
Authors: Lu Hang , Xu Jiawen , Yan Ruqiang
Published: February 2023

This research reports an acoustic wireless energy transmission system featuring high efficiency and robustness. The proposed energy transmission system is composed of a piezoelectric cantilever-based transmitter and receiver that are coupled using the forces of permanent magnets. Taking advantage of the strong coupling effect of magnet force, we can transfer mechanical energy wirelessly through mediums of the air and metal plate. The experimental studies show that the voltage transmission efficiencies reach 55.59% and 51.58% in cases of energy transfer through mediums of the air and the air–metal–air, respectively. In addition, the maximum power transmission reaches 42.73 mW at an operational frequency of 104.2 Hz. This wireless energy transmission system can be used for powering devices in enclosed, electrically shielded, and biomedical areas.
Robustness measurement of multiplex networks based on graph spectrum
Authors: Qi Mingze , Chen Peng , Wu Jun , Liang Yuan , Duan Xiaojun
Published: February 2023

Networks can provide effective representations of the relationships between elements in complex systems through nodes and links. On this basis, relationships between multiple systems are often characterized as multilayer networks (or networks of networks). As a typical representative, a multiplex network is often used to describe a system in which there are many replaceable or dependent relationships among elements in different layers. This paper studies robustness measures for different types of multiplex networks by generalizing the natural connectivity calculated from the graph spectrum. Experiments on model and real multiplex networks show a close correlation between the robustness of multiplex networks consisting of connective or dependent layers and the natural connectivity of aggregated networks or intersections between layers. These indicators can effectively measure or estimate the robustness of multiplex networks according to the topology of each layer. Our findings shed new light on the design and protection of coupled complex systems.
Latched readout for the quantum dot hybrid qubit
Authors: Corrigan J. , Dodson J. P. , Thorgrimsson Brandur , Neyens Samuel F. , Knapp T. J. , McJunkin Thomas , Coppersmith S. N. , Eriksson M. A.
Published: February 2023

A primary method of reading out a quantum dot hybrid qubit involves projection of the logical basis onto distinct charge states that are readily detected by an integrated charge sensing dot. However, in the simplest configuration, the excited charge state decays rapidly, making a single-shot readout challenging. Here, we demonstrate a readout procedure where the qubit excited state is latched to a metastable charge configuration whose lifetime is tunnel-rate limited, persisting here as long as 2.5 ms. Additionally, we show that working in the (4,1)–(3,2) charge configuration enables a latched readout window that is larger and more tunable than typical charge configurations, because the size of the readout window is determined by an orbital splitting rather than a valley splitting.
Predicting non-equilibrium folding behavior of polymer chains using the steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic framework
Authors: McDonald Jared , von Spakovsky Michael R. , Reynolds William T.
Published: February 2023

The steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic (SEAQT) framework is used to explore the influence of heating and cooling on polymer chain folding kinetics. The framework predicts how a chain moves from an initial non-equilibrium state to stable equilibrium along a unique thermodynamic path. The thermodynamic state is expressed by occupation probabilities corresponding to the levels of a discrete energy landscape. The landscape is generated using the Replica Exchange Wang–Landau method applied to a polymer chain represented by a sequence of hydrophobic and polar monomers with a simple hydrophobic-polar amino acid model. The chain conformation evolves as energy shifts among the levels of the energy landscape according to the principle of steepest entropy ascent. This principle is implemented via the SEAQT equation of motion. The SEAQT framework has the benefit of providing insight into structural properties under non-equilibrium conditions. Chain conformations during heating and cooling change continuously without sharp transitions in morphology. The changes are more drastic along non-equilibrium paths than along quasi-equilibrium paths. The SEAQT-predicted kinetics are fitted to rates associated with the experimental intensity profiles of cytochrome c protein folding with Rouse dynamics.
Self-similar analysis of gas dynamics for van der Waals gas in slipping flow after normal shock wave
Authors: Avramenko A. A. , Shevchuk I. V. , Kovetskaya M. M. , Kovetska Y. Y.
Published: February 2023

A self-similar model of gas dynamics and heat transfer behind the shock wave was developed with allowance for the effects of slippage and dissipation. The model takes into account the impact of the following factors: shock wave intensity (U∞/Us), physical properties (Prandtl number Pr), thermodynamic gas properties (van der Waals numbers Waa, Wab), slippage effects (Knundsen number Kn), and dissipation (Brinkman number Br), as well as the relation of the temperatures of the flow and the wall (T0/Tw). The numerical solution was performed with the help of MATLAB software, as well as an in-house code written using the programming language C++ to verify the accuracy of calculations. The study demonstrated that for the case at hand, the Reynolds analogy holds under the influence of all mentioned factors provided that Pr = 1, except for the conditions when the effects of mechanical energy dissipation become significant. The paper presents the results of calculations of the velocity and temperature profiles, friction, and heat transfer coefficients (Nusselt numbers).
Classification of GTP-dependent K-Ras4B active and inactive conformational states
Authors: Narayan Brajesh , Kiel Christina , Buchete Nicolae-Viorel
Published: February 2023

Classifying reliably active and inactive molecular conformations of wildtype (WT) and mutated oncogenic proteins is a key, ongoing challenge in molecular cancer studies. Here, we probe the GTP-bound K-Ras4B conformational dynamics using long-time atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We extract and analyze the detailed underlying free energy landscape of WT K-Ras4B. We use two key reaction coordinates, labeled d1 and d2 (i.e., distances coordinating the Pβ atom of the GTP ligand with two key residues, T35 and G60), shown to correlate closely with activities of WT and mutated K-Ras4B. However, our new K-Ras4B conformational kinetics study reveals a more complex network of equilibrium Markovian states. We show that a new reaction coordinate is required to account for the orientation of acidic K-Ras4B sidechains such as D38 with respect to the interface with binding effector RAF1 and rationalize the activation/inactivation propensities and the corresponding molecular binding mechanisms. We use this understanding to unveil how a relatively conservative mutation (i.e., D33E, in the switch I region) can lead to significantly different activation propensities compared with WT K-Ras4B. Our study sheds new light on the ability of residues near the K-Ras4B—RAF1 interface to modulate the network of salt bridges at the binding interface with the RAF1 downstream effector and, thus, to influence the underlying GTP-dependent activation/inactivation mechanism. Altogether, our hybrid MD-docking modeling approach enables the development of new in silico methods for quantitative assessment of activation propensity changes (e.g., due to mutations or local binding environment). It also unveils the underlying molecular mechanisms and facilitates the rational design of new cancer drugs.
Fractionation factors reveal hidden frustration in an ancient allosteric module
Authors: VanSchouwen Bryan , Della Libera Leonardo , Melacini Giuseppe
Published: February 2023

Protein kinase G (PKG) is an essential regulator of eukaryotic cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent intracellular signaling, controlling pathways that are often distinct from those regulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Specifically, the C-terminal cyclic-nucleotide-binding domain (CNB-B) of PKG has emerged as a critical module to control allostery and cGMP-selectivity in PKG. While key contributions to the cGMP-versus-cAMP selectivity of CNB-B were previously assessed, only limited knowledge is currently available on how cyclic nucleotide binding rewires the network of hydrogen bonds in CNB-B, and how such rewiring contributes to allostery and cGMP selectivity. To address this gap, we extend the comparative analysis of apo, cAMP- and cGMP-bound CNB-B to H/D fractionation factors (FFs), which are well-suited for assessing backbone hydrogen-bond strengths within proteins. Apo-vs-bound comparisons inform of perturbations arising from both binding and allostery, while cGMP-bound vs cAMP-bound comparisons inform of perturbations that are purely allosteric. The comparative FF analyses of the bound states revealed mixed patterns of hydrogen-bond strengthening and weakening, pointing to inherent frustration, whereby not all hydrogen bonds can be simultaneously stabilized. Interestingly, contrary to expectations, these patterns include a weakening of hydrogen bonds not only within critical recognition and allosteric elements of CNB-B, but also within elements known to undergo rigid-body movement upon cyclic nucleotide binding. These results suggest that frustration may contribute to the reversibility of allosteric conformational shifts by avoiding over-rigidification that may otherwise trap CNB-B in its active state. Considering that PKG CNB-B serves as a prototype for allosteric conformational switches, similar concepts may be applicable to allosteric domains in general.
A variational approach to assess reaction coordinates for two-step crystallization
Authors: Finney A. R. , Salvalaglio M.
Published: February 2023

Molecule- and particle-based simulations provide the tools to test, in microscopic detail, the validity of classical nucleation theory. In this endeavor, determining nucleation mechanisms and rates for phase separation requires an appropriately defined reaction coordinate to describe the transformation of an out-of-equilibrium parent phase for which myriad options are available to the simulator. In this article, we describe the application of the variational approach to Markov processes to quantify the suitability of reaction coordinates to study crystallization from supersaturated colloid suspensions. Our analysis indicates that collective variables (CVs) that correlate with the number of particles in the condensed phase, the system potential energy, and approximate configurational entropy often feature as the most appropriate order parameters to quantitatively describe the crystallization process. We apply time-lagged independent component analysis to reduce high-dimensional reaction coordinates constructed from these CVs to build Markov State Models (MSMs), which indicate that two barriers separate a supersaturated fluid phase from crystals in the simulated environment. The MSMs provide consistent estimates for crystal nucleation rates, regardless of the dimensionality of the order parameter space adopted; however, the two-step mechanism is only consistently evident from spectral clustering of the MSMs in higher dimensions. As the method is general and easily transferable, the variational approach we adopt could provide a useful framework to study controls for crystal nucleation.
Concave polymer brushes inwardly grafted in spherical cavities
Authors: Milchev Andrey , Petkov Peicho
Published: February 2023

The structure and scaling properties of inwardly curved polymer brushes, tethered under good solvent conditions to the inner surface of spherical shells such as membranes and vesicles, are studied by extensive molecular dynamics simulations and compared with earlier scaling and self-consistent field theory predictions for different molecular weights of the polymer chains N and grafting densities σg in the case of strong surface curvature, R−1. We examine the variation of the critical radius R*(σg), separating the regimes of weak concave brushes and compressed brushes, predicted earlier by Manghi et al. [Eur. Phys. J. E 5, 519–530 (2001)], as well as various structural properties such as the radial monomer- and chain-end density profiles, orientation of bonds, and brush thickness. The impact of chain stiffness, κ, on concave brush conformations is briefly considered as well. Eventually, we present the radial profiles of the local pressure normal, PN, and tangential, PT, to the grafting surface, and the surface tension γ(σg), for soft and rigid brushes, and find a new scaling relationship PN(R)∝σg4, independent of the degree of chain stiffness.
Control of interface anisotropy for spin transfer torque in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions for cryogenic temperature operation
Authors: Veiga P. B. , Mora-Hernandez A. , Dammak M. , Auffret S. , Joumard I. , Vila L. , Buda-Prejbeanu Liliana D. , Prejbeanu I. L. , Dieny B. , Sousa R. C.
Published: February 2023

The possibility of higher electrical efficiency in computing by operating at low temperatures raises the need for non-volatile memory cells optimized for cryogenic operation. We report a study on low temperature spin transfer torque switching of magnetic tunnel junctions with 20 to 100 nm in diameter with thermal stability adapted to low temperature operation. The evolution of magnetic and electrical properties are characterized for four different stacks from 300 to 10 K comprising insertions of Mg, Ru and permalloy (Py) in the storage layer to reduce its effective anisotropy. Two figures of merit are used to compare different devices and stacks, Δ/Ic and Δ/Esw, normalizing the thermal stability Δ by the critical current or switching energy. Devices with a Py insertion layer show a higher FOM (3.78 kBTop/μA) and switching energy Esw below 655 fJ for 100 ns pulses at Top = 10 K. A procedure to optimize the reference layer stray field was also implemented to achieve full compensation using a synthetic antiferromagnetic layer for 20 nm diameter devices.
Increased dominance of heat-tolerant symbionts creates resilient coral reefs in near-term ocean warming
Authors: Palacio-Castro Ana M. , Smith Tyler B. , Brandtneris Viktor , Snyder Grace A. , van Hooidonk Ruben , Maté Juan L. , Manzello Derek , Glynn Peter W. , Fong Peggy , Baker Andrew C.
Published: February 2023

Climate change is radically altering coral reef ecosystems, mainly through increasingly frequent and severe bleaching events. Yet, some reefs have exhibited higher thermal tolerance after bleaching severely the first time. To understand changes in thermal tolerance in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP), we compiled four decades of temperature, coral cover, coral bleaching, and mortality data, including three mass bleaching events during the 1982 to 1983, 1997 to 1998 and 2015 to 2016 El Niño heatwaves. Higher heat resistance in later bleaching events was detected in the dominant framework-building genus,Pocillopora,while other coral taxa exhibited similar susceptibility across events. Genetic analyses ofPocilloporaspp.colonies and their algal symbionts (2014 to 2016) revealed that one of twoPocilloporalineages present in the region (Pocillopora “type 1”) increased its association with thermotolerant algal symbionts (Durusdinium glynnii) during the 2015 to 2016 heat stress event. This lineage experienced lower bleaching and mortality compared withPocillopora“type 3”, which did not acquireD. glynnii. Under projected thermal stress, ETP reefs may be able to preserve high coral cover through the 2060s or later, mainly composed ofPocilloporacolonies that associate withD. glynnii. However, although the low-diversity, high-cover reefs of the ETP could illustrate a potential functional state for some future reefs, this state may only be temporary unless global greenhouse gas emissions and resultant global warming are curtailed.
Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college
Authors: Creswell J. David , Tumminia Michael J. , Price Stephen , Sefidgar Yasaman , Cohen Sheldon , Ren Yiyi , Brown Jennifer , Dey Anind K. , Dutcher Janine M. , Villalba Daniella , Mankoff Jennifer , Xu Xuhai , Creswell Kasey , Doryab Afsaneh , Mattingly Stephen , Striegel Aaron , Hachen David , Martinez Gonzalo , Lovett Marsha C.
Published: February 2023

Academic achievement in the first year of college is critical for setting students on a pathway toward long-term academic and life success, yet little is known about the factors that shape early college academic achievement. Given the important role sleep plays in learning and memory, here we extend this work to evaluate whether nightly sleep duration predicts change in end-of-semester grade point average (GPA). First-year college students from three independent universities provided sleep actigraphy for a month early in their winter/spring academic term across five studies. Findings showed that greater early-term total nightly sleep duration predicted higher end-of-term GPA, an effect that persisted even after controlling for previous-term GPA and daytime sleep. Specifically, every additional hour of average nightly sleep duration early in the semester was associated with an 0.07 increase in end-of-term GPA. Sensitivity analyses using sleep thresholds also indicated that sleeping less than 6 h each night was a period where sleep shifted from helpful to harmful for end-of-term GPA, relative to previous-term GPA. Notably, predictive relationships with GPA were specific to total nightly sleep duration, and not other markers of sleep, such as the midpoint of a student’s nightly sleep window or bedtime timing variability. These findings across five studies establish nightly sleep duration as an important factor in academic success and highlight the potential value of testing early academic term total sleep time interventions during the formative first year of college.
Molecular mechanism of GTP binding- and dimerization-induced enhancement of Sar1-mediated membrane remodeling
Authors: Paul Sanjoy , Audhya Anjon , Cui Qiang
Published: February 2023

The Sar1 GTPase initiates coat protein II (COPII)-mediated protein transport by generating membrane curvature at subdomains on the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is activated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Sec12. Crystal structures of GDP- and GTP-bound forms of Sar1 suggest that it undergoes a conformational switch in which GTP binding enhances the exposure of an amino-terminal amphipathic helix necessary for efficient membrane penetration. However, key residues in the amino terminus were not resolved in crystal structures, and experimental studies have suggested that the amino terminus of Sar1 is solvent-exposed in the absence of a membrane, even in the GDP-bound state. Therefore, the molecular mechanism by which GTP binding activates the membrane-remodeling activity of Sar1 remains unclear. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we compare the membrane-binding and curvature generation activities of Sar1 in its GDP- and GTP-bound states. We show that in the GTP-bound state, Sar1 inserts into the membrane with its complete (residues 1 to 23) amphipathic amino-terminal helix, while Sar1-GDP binds to the membrane only through its first 12 residues. Such differential membrane-binding modes translate into significant differences in the protein volume inserted into the membrane. As a result, Sar1-GTP generates positive membrane curvature 10 to 20 times higher than Sar1-GDP. Dimerization of the GTP-bound form of Sar1 further amplifies curvature generation. Taken together, our results present a detailed molecular mechanism for how the nucleotide-bound state of Sar1 regulates its membrane-binding and remodeling activities in a concentration-dependent manner, paving the way toward a better understanding COPII-mediated membrane transport.
A thermal receptor for nonvisual sunlight detection in myriapods
Authors: Yao Zhihao , Yuan Licheng , Chen Xiaoying , Wang Qian , Chai Longhui , Lu Xiancui , Yang Fan , Wang Yunfei , Yang Shilong
Published: February 2023

Organisms from cyanobacteria to humans have evolved a wide array of photoreceptive strategies to detect light. Sunlight avoidance behavior is common in animals without vision or known photosensory genes. While indirect light perception via photothermal conversion is a possible scenario, there is no experimental evidence for this hypothesis. Here, we show a nonvisual and extraocular sunlight detection mechanism by identifying the broad-range thermal receptor 1 (BRTNaC1, temperature range = 33 to 48 °C) in centipede antennae. BRTNaC1, a heat-activated cation-permeable ion channel, is structurally related to members of the epithelial sodium channel family. At the molecular level, heat activation of BRTNaC1 exhibits strong pH dependence controlled by two protonatable sites. Physiologically, temperature-dependent activation of BRTNaC1 upon sunlight exposure comes from a striking photothermal effect on the antennae, where a slightly acidic environment (pH 6.1) of the body fluid leads to the protonation of BRTNaC1 and switches on its high thermal sensitivity. Furthermore, testosterone potently inhibits heat activation of BRTNaC1 and the sunlight avoidance behavior of centipedes. Taken together, our study suggests a sophisticated strategy for nonvisual sunlight detection in myriapods.
The autocatalytic evolution of martensitic microstructure
Authors: Guimarães J. R. C. , Rios P. R. , Alves A. L. M.
Published: February 2023

This work considers the autocatalytic spread of the martensitic transformation throughout the austenite grains in FeNiC and FeNiMn alloys. Formal descriptions were reviewed. The microstructural path concept was re-introduced. The model's analysis of scale factors reiterated the importance of the martensite–austenite interaction. We compared the initial heterogeneous martensite nucleation in a polycrystalline FeNiC with the nucleation in a Fe30Ni particulate alloy. A cluster of tetrakaidecahedral austenite grains might be a reasonable choice to describe the martensite spread in the FeNiC.
Ultra-high thermal conductivity of two-dimensional C23
Authors: Wang Huimin , Gao Chuanhao , Peng Bo , Wu Jing , Wang Xiaoxia , Wei Donghai , Tan Ligang , Qin Zhenzhen , Qin Guangzhao
Published: February 2023

High thermal conductivity is of great interest due to the novel applications in high-performance heat dissipation for microelectronic devices. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with graphene as a representative have attracted tremendous interest due to the excellent properties, where C23 is an emerging 2D allotrope of carbon with a large bandgap. In this paper, by solving the Boltzmann transport equation based on state-of-the-art first-principles calculations, the C23 is predicted to have an ultrahigh thermal conductivity of 2051.47 Wm−1K−1, which is on the same order of magnitude as graphene. Based on the comparative analysis among C23, graphene, and penta-graphene, it is shown that the unique spatial structure and the orbital hybridization of C23 lead to weak anharmonicity, which results in the large relaxation time of phonons and finally results in ultrahigh thermal conductivity. Our study is expected to promote the comprehensive understanding of thermal transport in C23 and shed light on future exploration of novel materials with high thermal conductivity.
Nb, Se-codoped ZnIn2S4/NbSe2 composites with enhanced catalytic activity and photodegradation performance towards tetracycline
Authors: Zhao Xianhui , Huang Fei , Li Dengke , Yan Aihua , Zhang Tongyang , Zhao Wenxue , Gao Ye , Zhang Jixu
Published: February 2023

Low quantum efficiency and serious photogenerated carrier recombination have been urgent bottleneck problems for photocatalytic materials. Herein, we prepared Nb, Se-codoped ZnIn2S4/NbSe2 composites through a facile solvothermal method. The synergetic effect of codoping and cocatalyst was investigated on the photodegradation performance towards tetracycline under visible-light irradiation. By adjusting the final composition, the comprehensive characterization revealed that the optimum degradation efficiency of NS/ZIS-1.6 catalyst arrived at 75% in 70 min, which was 5.8 times higher than that of pure ZnIn2S4. Deep analysis indicated that the enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to higher light absorption, more efficient electron/hole separation, faster charge transport, and lower carrier recombination. This work may offer novel viewpoint for design of high-performance catalysts towards the visible-light-driven photodegradation system.
Comparison between 1D radial and 0D global models for low-pressure oxygen DC glow discharges
Authors: Viegas Pedro , Dias Tiago Cunha , Fromentin Chloé , Chukalovsky Alexander , Mankelevich Yuri , Proshina Olga , Rakhimova Tatyana , Guerra Vasco , Voloshin Dmitry
Published: February 2023

This work focuses on the comparison between a zero-dimensional (0D) global model (LoKI) and a one-dimensional (1D) radial fluid model for the positive column of oxygen DC glow discharges in a tube of 1 cm inner radius at pressures between 0.5 Torr and 10 Torr. The data used in the two models are the same, so that the difference between the models is reduced to dimensionality. A good agreement is found between the two models on the main discharge parameters (gas temperature, electron density, reduced electric field and dissociation fraction), with relative differences below 5%. The agreement on other species average number densities, charged and neutral, is slightly worse, with relative differences increasing with pressure from 11% at 0.5 Torr to 57% at 10 Torr. The success of the 0D global model in describing these plasmas through volume averaged quantities decreases with pressure, due to pressure-driven narrowing of radial profiles. Hence, in the studied conditions, we recommend the use of volume-averaged models only in the pressure range up to 10 Torr.
Design and test of a setup for calorimetric measurements of AC transport losses in HTS racetrack coils
Authors: Vargas-Llanos Carlos Roberto , Krämer Joachim , Noe Mathias , Grilli Francesco
Published: February 2023

The estimation and measurement of AC losses in coils based on high-temperature superconductors (HTS) are relevant aspects of HTS applications. They influence the cooling power requirement, operating temperature and efficiency, which can be decisive in the construction and implementation of superconducting equipment, such as superconducting electrical machines. The measurement of losses due to AC transport current (without external magnetic field) is not an easy task. Several efforts have been made to measure these AC transport losses in superconducting coils with a calorimetric approach by trying to minimize the influence of the environment, improve the accuracy and ensure the reproducibility of the results. This work presents the design and construction of a setup to measure transport AC losses in high-temperature superconducting coils based on a calorimetric approach (boil-off method). The evaporated cryogen (nitrogen) related to the dissipation of energy is collected by using a 3D printed bubble collector that guides the gas into a flow sensor. A box-inside-a-box approach is used to surround the measurement chamber with a cryogenic environment. This approach allows re-directing the heat transfer from the surroundings into an intermediate zone (space between external and internal box). Since this intermediate zone operates under cryogenic temperatures, the noise and the heat transfer in the internal part of the setup are reduced. A statistical analysis of the results based on a standard load cycle, average value, and standard deviation calculations allows assessing the variability in the measurements and expressing the results as average value and uncertainty range. The calibration and reproducibility of the measurements are verified with a set of resistors under different conditions and during different weeks. Finally, the AC transport losses in a racetrack coil for an electrical machine application are measured and compared with 3D simulation results based on the homogenization of the T-A formulation.