bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the System for Observing Student Movement in Academic Routines and Transitions (SOSMART)
Authors: Russ Laura B. , Webster Collin A. , Beets Michael W. , Egan Catherine , Weaver Robert Glenn , Harvey Rachel , Phillips David S.
Published: July 2016

National attention on whole-of-school approaches to decrease children’s sedentary behavior and increase physical activity includes movement integration (MI) in classrooms. The purpose of this study was to describe instrument development, reliability, and validity of the System for Observing Student Movement in Academic Routines and Transitions (SOSMART), designed to assess MI in elementary classrooms. An a priori conceptual framework was developed based on existing literature. The framework was expanded/refined using videos from elementary classrooms and a Delphi survey. The survey, sent to 85 experts, yielded a 38% response rate. The final system includes 11 MI variables (three categories of teacher variables, two categories of student variables) and uses a 20-second continuous interval recording format. Reliability and validity data were collected in 12 classrooms across four elementary schools. Instrument reliability was tested using interval-by-interval percentage agreement for each category. Construct validity was tested by estimating multilevel random effects logistic regression models comparing student accelerometer derived activity with the presence/absence of each MI variable. Intraobserver reliability resulted in 97.5% agreement and exceeded 80% on all variables. Construct validity was supported for 8 out of 11 MI variables. SOSMART can provide valid, reliable, and objective data about MI in elementary schools.
“Zooming With”
Authors: Jarrett Michael , Liu Feng
Published: July 2016

The desire to better understand the micro-behaviors of organizational actors has led to the increased use of video ethnography in management and qualitative research. Video captures detailed interactions and provides opportunities for researchers to link these to broader organizational processes. However, we argue there is a methodological gap. Studies that focus on the detail of the interactions “zoom in.” Others that focus on the interactions in context “zoom out.” But few go further and “zoom with”––that is, incorporate participants’ interpretations of their video-recorded interactions. Our methodological contribution is that zooming with participants enhances research findings, helps to develop theory, and provides new insights for management practice. The article develops this idea by exploring and describing the method and applying it to top management teams, as well as showing how each focus provides different theoretical insights depending on which perspective or combination of perspectives is used. We conclude with the suggestion that a three-pronged approach to video ethnography be taken. The final section of the article discusses the implications for research and highlights the benefits of reflexivity in management practice.
Evaluation and bureaucracy: the tricky rectangle
Authors: Picciotto Robert
Published: July 2016

This article puts institutional economics concepts to work to help identify the proper role of evaluation in organizations and circumvent key obstacles to evaluation use. Looking at the role of evaluation in bureaucracies through an economics lens has its limitations. But addressing ‘the rules of the evaluation game’ helps to complement currently dominant approaches that concentrate on evaluation quality and practices. In concert with systems thinking, the neo-institutional economics perspective provides useful pointers for the design of evaluation governance configurations geared to organizational learning and accountability.
Reflexive change? A quantitative review of the impact of the Equality Act 2010 on age equality measures in organizations
Authors: Blackham Alysia
Published: July 2016

This article considers the extent to which the Equality Act 2010 (EqA) represents a form of reflexive law, with a particular focus on provisions relating to age discrimination. I argue that the EqA may better reflect a form of command and control regulation, though it includes a number of reflexive elements. Drawing on data from the 2011 Workplace Employment Relations Study survey, I consider the extent to which the EqA has effected change in age-aware practices in UK organizations. I argue that the EqA has made limited progress in promoting age-aware activities in the United Kingdom, potentially reflecting the limitations of command and control regulation. Thus, I propose a number of reforms that may help to strengthen the reflexive aspects of the EqA.
Ensuring protection against caste discrimination in Britain: Should the Equality Act 2010 be extended?
Authors: Waughray Annapurna , Dhanda Meena
Published: July 2016

Section 97 of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 requires the addition of caste to the Equality Act 2010 by secondary legislation as ‘an aspect of’ the protected characteristic of race; but despite being mandated, no secondary legislation has been introduced and the addition of caste remains contested by some academics, civil society organizations and politicians who question the adequacy of any definition of caste, the estimates of the extent of caste discrimination, and whether legal protection against caste discrimination already exists under the Equality Act. In this article, we assess whether legal protection against caste discrimination is now assured following the Employment Tribunal judgement in September 2015 in Tirkey v Chandhok & Anor which held that discrimination on grounds of caste, depending on the facts, might be capable of falling within the scope of race as currently defined in the Equality Act. We argue that Tirkey is significant but not decisive and that it remains incumbent on government to extend the Equality Act to cover caste.
Health goals among American adults: Prevalence, characteristics, and barriers
Authors: Milyavskaya Marina , Nadolny Daniel
Published: July 2016

Although numerous factors have been demonstrated in laboratory settings to lead to more successful health goal attainment, their actual use in daily goal pursuit is unknown. This study examines spontaneously reported health goals and their characteristics in a sample of 557 American adults. Participants responded to questions about health and health goals, with items assessing motivation, social support, and implementation intentions. In all, 66 percent of respondents had a health goal, 26 percent of participants had implementation intentions, and 47 percent received support from close others. Results suggest that interventions should focus on encouraging goal setting, teaching implementation intentions, and educating close others in providing support.
An analysis of the relationships between peer support and diabetes outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Doe Emily
Published: July 2016

This study explores the relationships between the various subtypes of global and diabetes-specific peer support and health outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Global peer support significantly predicted self-care and glycated haemoglobin, although no associations were identified for diabetes-specific support overall, nor its factors. When comparing participants with above or below average glycaemic control, significantly greater diabetes-specific support was reported in those with poorer control. It is suggested that this may be related to feelings of nagging, in which diabetes-specific support is perceived as harassment.
L2 fluency as influenced by content familiarity and planning: Performance, measurement, and pedagogy
Authors: Bui Gavin , Huang Zeping
Published: July 2016

This study investigates how second language (L2) fluency is influenced by two factors: Pre-task planning and content familiarity. Planning was adopted as a between-participant variable, combined with content familiarity as a within-participant variable, in a 2 × 2 split-plot factorial design. Nineteen measures of fluency phenomena, constituting eight categories, were used. Both planning and content familiarity were found to enhance fluency, but the positive effects of planning were stronger and noticeable on a wider range of measures. The availability of planning time also helped to compensate for lack of content familiarity. Implications for pedagogy and L2 fluency measurement are discussed.
The effect of learner age on the interpretation of the nonverbal behaviors of teachers and other students in identifying questions in the L2 classroom
Authors: Kamiya Nobuhiro
Published: July 2016

This study investigated how learners’ ages affect their interpretation of the nonverbal behaviors (NVBs) of teachers and other students in distinguishing between questions and statements in the second language (L2) classroom. After watching 48 short video clips without sound in which three L2 teachers asked a question or made a statement with or without gesture, 36 elementary school pupils and 30 university students judged whether they thought the teachers asked a question or made a statement along with their reasons. The findings show that, regardless of learners’ ages, L2 teacher’s gestures were found to help learners better identify questions. Furthermore, the six major types of NVBs used for judgments most frequently were identical across the two age groups regardless of the accuracy of their judgments. Nevertheless, incorrect judgments were made as often and sometimes even more often than correct judgments by applying the same assumptions. The effect of age was evidenced in that the university students were able to use a larger number of NVBs for correct judgments, and better distinguish questions and statements without linguistic information than the elementary school pupils. The data suggest that it is the learners’ (L2) classroom experience that seems to be playing the major role in yielding this difference. The study indicates that adult L2 learners are better able than children to incorporate and interpret NVBs of teachers as well as other students quantitatively and qualitatively.
Making sense of capital crime cities: Getting underneath the urban facade on crime-detective fiction tours
Authors: van Es Nicky , Reijnders Stijn
Published: July 2016

Crime-detective fiction tours are increasingly popular in cities around the world, providing both international and domestic tourists alike the possibility to visit and experience urban space through its associations with their favorite novels and adaptations. Engaging in a comparison between guided literary tours through Sherlock Holmes’ London, Philip Marlowe’s Los Angeles and Lisbeth Salander’s Stockholm, this research aims to answer the question of how and in what way(s) these crime-detective fiction tours create a sense of place in the postmodern metropolis. Based on participant observation, as well as interviews with the guides and/or organizers of these tours, results show that each of these literary tours is particularly corresponding to the act of reading crime-detective fiction in general: the tours perform a re-enactment of the text, as the guide-as-detective takes the participants to unknown urban locations, in pursuit of unraveling hidden histories of the city. The locations addressed on the tours are all, to varying extents, made sense of through a combination of multiple narratives, derived from both historical fact and fiction. In gradually exposing, analyzing and unraveling these narrative layers of significance on location, the tours convey a distinctively modernistic myth of a presumed core identity of the city.
Can the British Heart Foundation PocketCPR application improve the performance of chest compressions during bystander resuscitation: A randomised crossover manikin study
Authors: Eaton Georgette , Renshaw John , Gregory Pete , Kilner Tim
Published: July 2016

This study aims to determine whether the British Heart Foundation PocketCPR training application can improve the depth and rate of chest compression and therefore be confidently recommended for bystander use. A total of 118 candidates were recruited into a randomised crossover manikin trial. Each candidate performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 2 min without instruction or performed chest compressions using the PocketCPR application. Candidates then performed a further 2 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation within the opposite arm. The number of chest compressions performed improved when PocketCPR was used compared to chest compressions when it was not (44.28% vs 40.57%, p < 0.001). The number of chest compressions performed to the required depth was higher in the PocketCPR group (90.86 vs 66.26). The British Heart Foundation PocketCPR application improved the percentage of chest compressions that were performed to the required depth. Despite this, more work is required in order to develop a feedback device that can improve bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation without creating delay.
Journalistic performance in Latin America: A comparative study of professional roles in news content
Authors: Mellado Claudia , Márquez-Ramírez Mireya , Mick Jacques , Oller Alonso Martín , Olivera Dasniel
Published: July 2016

Comparative research across the world has shown that nation-level variables are strong predictors of professional roles in journalism. There is, however, still insufficient comparative research about three key issues: cross-national comparison of journalistic role performance, exploration of how – or whether – organizational variables account for variation in role performance across countries, and the performance of specific journalistic roles that prevail in regions with post-authoritarian political trajectories. This article tackles these three issues by comparatively measuring journalistic performance in five Latin American countries. Based on a content analysis of 9841 news items from 18 newspapers, this article reports findings from Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador and Mexico, by analyzing the presence of the ‘interventionist’, ‘watchdog’, ‘loyal’, ‘service’, ‘infotainment’, and ‘civic’ roles. Results show that the region is far from homogeneous and that while ‘country’ is a strong predictor for most of the roles, other variables such as ‘media type’, ‘political orientation’, and ‘news topic’ are also significant predictors to varying levels.
Valued skills among journalists: An exploratory comparison of six European nations
Authors: Örnebring Henrik , Mellado Claudia
Published: July 2016

Cross-national comparative studies of journalists generally focus on the demographic characteristics and/or the values and role-perception of journalists. Systematic studies of journalistic skills have been rare, however. This article reports the findings from a comparative study of journalists from Britain, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Sweden. Based on an email survey of 2238 news professionals, journalistic skills can be grouped into three distinctive dimensions: reporting, editing, and networking skills. The data also show a number of similarities, but also important differences regarding the importance journalists give to different professional skills in different European countries.
What is the matter with newsroom culture? A sociomaterial analysis of professional knowledge creation in the newsroom
Authors: Steensen Steen
Published: July 2016

This article presents a study of what affects professional knowledge creation when journalism students have their periods of internship in legacy, yet highly digitized newsrooms. A total of 16 Norwegian j-students are interviewed and 30 internship reports analysed in order to detect the different actors – both humans and non-humans – that matter when students learn through practice in such newsrooms. Through this analysis, this article aims at understanding some of the tensions between legacy and digital culture that many newsrooms today are marked by and how these tensions affect professional knowledge creations for the journalists of tomorrow. The study is framed by sociomaterial perspectives on learning and journalistic practice and argues that two types of materiality are especially important for j-students’ professional knowledge creation during periods of internship: the structure and layout of the newsroom and the software applications in use at the newsroom.
Journalists are humans, too: A phenomenology of covering the strongest storm on earth
Authors: Tandoc Edson C , Takahashi Bruno
Published: July 2016

This study focused on the phenomenology of covering a natural disaster by documenting the lived experience of 12 national and local journalists who covered Typhoon Haiyan when it hit the Philippines in November 2013. Studies that focused on journalists who covered natural disasters have identified their experiences as either journalists trying to balance their norms or as victims dealing with trauma. Our analysis brings these experiences together for a more holistic description of the experience of covering a natural disaster, arguing that one aspect of the experience cannot be understood without the other. Through an interpretative phenomenological analysis, this study found that the journalists experienced the storm as journalists, leaders, victims, and as community members. Such experiences were marked by liminal gaps, with one experience affecting the other.
Hybridity and the news: Blending genres and interaction patterns in new forms of journalism
Authors: Mast Jelle , Coesemans Roel , Temmerman Martina
Published: July 2016

This paper introduces the Special Issue’s central theme of ‘hybridity and the news’, defining the scope and setting the scene for the multiple issues and debates covered by the individual contributions in this collection. Opposing both relativist positions that discard hybridity as an analytically useless concept, and preconceived notions that construe hybridity as intrinsically negative or positive, it is argued to move beyond binary thinking and to approach hybridity as a particularly rich site for the analysis of forms and processes of experimentation, innovation, deviation and transition in contemporary journalism. In order to profoundly understand these developments, which come in many forms, manifest themselves on different levels, and serve multiple purposes, a comprehensive, multi- and interdisciplinary perspective is needed. The Special Issue aims to contribute to this research agenda by looking closely into blending categories and interaction patterns in journalistic forms, genres, and practices, encompassing theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches from various disciplinary backgrounds including political and communication sciences, sociology, linguistics, cultural studies, and history. While taking different angles on the subject and being variously located on the macro and micro levels of analysis, the articles assembled here all engage in a careful assessment of ‘hybridity and the news’ through profound conceptualizations and empirical analyses, connecting with and shedding new light on long-standing debates about the nature and meaning of journalism.
Journalism and the hybrid condition: Long-form television drama at the intersections of news and narrative
Authors: Baym Geoffrey
Published: July 2016

Particularly in the context of American television, hybridity has become the defining feature of contemporary broadcast journalism. Hybridity itself manifests on multiple levels – the textual, systemic, and discursive. Together, these three levels of hybridization challenge traditional conceptions of journalism while at the same time enabling the emergence of new forms of journalistic truth-telling. This essay explores three examples of ‘public affairs narratives’, long-form fictional dramas that sit, in different configurations, at the intersections of news and narrative. It concludes that in an age of complexifying distinctions between the factual and the fictive, hybrid public affairs narratives have the potential to play a valuable journalistic function, orienting audiences to critical, but often under-explored, socio-political realities.
‘Organizational, professional, personal’: An exploratory study of political journalists and their hybrid brand on Twitter
Authors: Ottovordemgentschenfelde Svenja
Published: July 2016

Political journalists rely heavily on their occupational status and reputation. This article addresses how political journalists negotiate their standing and enforce their legitimacy on Twitter amidst the online environment that directly challenges them. So far, practice-oriented studies have only looked at journalists in general. Studies have also tended to investigate the content published to journalists’ Twitter feeds, neglecting other aspects of the Twitter profile that can affect the perceived image of journalists. This exploratory study examines the Twitter profile pages of 20 political journalists who work for the top broadsheet newspapers in the United States. It uses the conceptual framework of personal branding to identify patterns and trends of how and where political journalists actively communicate their presence on the platform. This process is delineated by three complementary and co-existing brand identities – the organizational, the professional, and the personal – as well as a digital media skills-based dimension that political journalists use to position their journalistic brand on Twitter. Findings suggest that it could be most appropriate to think of political journalists’ Twitter profiles as digital business cards or digital portfolios, deliberately crafted to differentiate the journalist and establish competitive superiority.
Fully predictive Common Rail fuel injection apparatus model and its application to global system dynamics analyses
Authors: Ferrari Alessandro , Pizzo Pietro
Published: July 2016

A fully predictive model of a Common Rail fuel injection apparatus, which includes a detailed simulation of rail, pump, piping system, injectors and rail pressure control system, is presented and discussed. The high-pressure pump and injector sub-models have been validated separately and then coupled to the rail and pressure control system sub-models. The complete predictive model has been validated and applied to investigate the effects of the dynamics of each component of the injection apparatus on the rail pressure time history. Variable timing of the high-pressure pump delivery phases has also been considered, and the influence of this parameter on the injection performance has been analysed for both single- and multiple-injection events. Furthermore, the injection system dynamics during the transients between steady-state working conditions has been investigated in order to highlight the role played by the dynamic response of the pressure control system on the rail pressure time history.
Renin–angiotensin system blockade for the risk of cancer and death
Authors: Shen Jian , Huang Yan-Mei , Wang Min , Hong Xue-Zhi , Song Xin-Nan , Zou Xia , Pan Yan-Hong , Ling Wei , Zhu Min-Hui , Zhang Xiao-Xi , Sui Yi , Zhao Hai-Lu
Published: July 2016

Introduction:

The effects of renin–angiotensin system blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) on cancer remain inconsistent.

Methods:

We searched existing databases from 1960 to August 2015, for randomised controlled trials and observational studies (case–control studies and cohort studies) of ARB/ACEI therapy with a minimal one year of follow-up. Outcomes were incidence and mortality of cancer.

Results:

We included 14 randomised controlled trials and 17 observational studies of 3,957,725 participants (350,329 ARB/ACEI users). The users had a lower incidence of cancer in the observational studies (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.93) but not in the randomised controlled trials (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92–1.08). The protection persisted for lung cancer (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.97) but not for other sites of cancer. The relative risk of cancer associated with renin–angiotensin system blockade was reduced along with time of follow-up. Mortality reduction with ARB/ACEI was marginally significant in the observational studies (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55–0.93) but not in the randomised controlled trials (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.89–1.09).

Conclusions:

The significant benefits of renin–angiotensin system blockade observed in case–control studies and cohort studies might diminish in randomised controlled trials. Clinical design, site of cancer and duration of follow-up may affect the clinical outcomes.
Perception of Gay Men as Defectors and Commitment to Group Defense Predict Aggressive Homophobia
Authors: van Leeuwen Florian , Miton Helena , Firat Rengin B. , Boyer Pascal
Published: July 2016

Homophobia encompasses a variety of attitudes and behaviors with distinct causal paths. We focus on aggressive homophobia, a propensity to feel anger and express aggression toward gay men. We investigated the conjecture that homosexual males might be seen, in recent Western cultures, as defectors from collective group defense. We predicted that consistent with a functional motive to punish and deter free riding, the perception of gay men as defectors would motivate aggression toward gay men. We also predicted that individuals with greater commitment to group defense might show more aggressive homophobia (as these individuals have more to lose from the defection than individuals who are not committed to group defense). Study 1 showed that aggressive homophobia correlated positively with the tendency to implicitly associate gay men with defection from group defense. Study 2 showed that a tendency to punish homosexual males for a theft correlated positively with commitment to group defense. The findings suggest that coalitional psychology might contribute to explaining the existence and quality of certain kinds of social stigma.
Understanding Labour Party Management under Tony Blair
Authors: Shaw Eric
Published: July 2016

This article outlines and discusses the main features of Lewis Minkin’s book, The Blair Supremacy, subtitled ‘A Case Study of Labour’s party management’. These include Minkin’s exposition of New Labour’s managerial doctrine, the methods used to put it into effect and the resources deployed to support it. It assesses some of the problems New Labour’s party management encountered and the compromises it made. It both locates Minkin’s analysis of these issues within a debate concerning the nature of power and details the wider consequences for Labour politics of Tony Blair’s leadership of the party.
Expanding the Reach of Evidence-Based Self-Management Education and Physical Activity Interventions
Authors: Brady Teresa J. , Brick Mari , Berktold Jennifer , Sonnefeld Joseph , Gaddes Rachel , Bartenfeld Thomas
Published: July 2016

Participation in community-based self-management education and physical activity interventions has been demonstrated to improve quality of life for those who have arthritis and other chronic diseases. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Arthritis Program funded 21 state health departments to expand the reach (defined as the number of people who participate in interventions) of 10 evidence-based interventions in community settings. The Arthritis Centralized Evaluation assessed the strategies and tactics used by state health departments to expand the reach of these evidence-based interventions. The evaluation compared and contrasted processes used by the states to expand reach. Engaging multisite delivery system partners, prioritizing reach, embedding interventions within partners’ routine operations, and collaborating across chronic disease program areas were all dissemination strategies that were correlated with expanded intervention reach. However, states also encountered challenges that limited their ability to successfully engage delivery systems as partners. These barriers included difficulty identifying delivery system partners and the lengthy time periods partners needed to adopt and embed the interventions.
State Tobacco Control Program Implementation Strategies for Smoke-Free Multiunit Housing
Authors: Kuiper Nicole M. , Marshall LaTisha L. , Lavinghouze S. Rene , King Brian A.
Published: July 2016

Multiunit housing residents are at risk of secondhand smoke exposure from adjoining units and common areas. We developed this case study to document state-level strategies undertaken to address this risk. We explored program documents to identify facilitators, barriers, and outcomes. Three states (Montana, Michigan, and Nebraska) provided detailed information on multiunit housing efforts in the study time frame. We conducted a qualitative analysis using inductive coding to develop themes. Several facilitators relating to existing infrastructure included traditional and nontraditional partnerships, leadership and champions, collecting and using data, efficient use of resources, and strategic plans. We also report external catalysts, barriers, and outcomes. Significant state leadership and effort were required to provide local-level technical assistance to engage traditional and nontraditional partners. Information needs were identified and varied by stakeholder type (i.e., health vs. housing). States recommend starting with public housing authorities, so they can become resources for affordable and subsidized housing. These lessons and resources can be used to inform smoke-free multiunit housing initiatives in other states and localities.
Primary Care Resident Training for Obesity, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Counseling: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Antognoli Elizabeth L. , Seeholzer Eileen L. , Gullett Heidi , Jackson Brigid , Smith Samantha , Flocke Susan A.
Published: July 2016

National guidelines have been established to support the role of primary care physicians in addressing obesity. Preparing primary care residents to recognize and treat overweight/obesity has been identified as an essential component of postgraduate medical training that is currently lacking. This study aims to identify how primary care residency programs are preparing physicians to counsel about obesity, nutrition, and physical activity (ONPA) and to examine program members’ perspectives regarding the place of ONPA counseling in the curriculum, and its relevance in primary care training. Using mixed methods, we collected and analyzed data on 25 family medicine, internal medicine, and obstetrics/gynecology residency programs across Ohio. Programs averaged 2.8 hours of ONPA-related didactics per year. Ten programs (42%) taught techniques for health behavior counseling. Having any ONPA-related didactics was associated with greater counseling knowledge (p = .01) among residents but poorer attitudes (p < .001) and poorer perceived professional norms (p = .004) toward ONPA counseling. Findings from interview data highlighted similar perceived barriers to ONPA counseling across all three specialties but variation in perception of responsibility to provide ONPA counseling. While widespread expectations that primary care physicians counsel their overweight and obese patients prevail, few residency programs provide training to support such counseling.
“Man, Have I Got a Story for You”
Authors: Grenier Robin S. , Collins Joshua C.
Published: July 2016

Despite the potential value of narratives to inform and change workplace culture and practice, many stories from individuals at the margins of organizations often go untold or unheard. Based on a methodological framework of existing narrative approaches—autoethnography, guided autobiography, and narrative inquiry—we present in this article a new, emerging methodology: facilitated autoethnography (FAE). We suggest that FAE has the potential to offer human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners a new approach for exploring, collecting, and disseminating workplace narratives to a broad audience. The article concludes with a discussion of the emerging methodology and potential implications for its application in the field of HRD.
Correlates of—and Consequences for—Bully-Victims in a Sample of Serious Adolescent Offenders
Authors: Piquero Alex R. , Piquero Nicole Leeper , Underwood Marion K.
Published: July 2016

Previous research on bullying has demonstrated that youth who engage in bullying and are also victims of bullying are at increased risk for maladjustment. Somewhat less investigated are the correlates of—and consequences associated with—this small group of persons who are simultaneously perpetrators and victims of bullying, commonly referred to as bully-victims. This article extends prior research by investigating bully-victims in a sample of serious adolescent offenders ( n = 1,354) who were followed for 7 years after their adjudication for a serious juvenile offense. Analyses indicated that bully-victims had high levels of both symptomology and psychopathy as well as lower levels of temperance. Bully-victims were at increased risk of experiencing a higher number of arrests at the end of the 7-year follow-up period. Implications for future research are highlighted.
Finding Time for Tabletop
Authors: Rogerson Melissa J. , Gibbs Martin
Published: July 2016

Hobby board gaming is a serious leisure pastime that entails large commitments of time and energy. When serious hobby board gamers become parents, their opportunities for engaging in the pastime are constrained by their new family responsibilities. Based on an ethnographic study of serious hobby board gamers, we investigate how play is constrained by parenting and how serious board gamers with these responsibilities create opportunities to continue to play board games by negotiating the context, time, location, and medium of play. We also examine how these changes influence the enjoyment players derive from board games across the key dimensions of sociality, intellectual challenge, variety, and materiality.
Transarterial Onyx embolization of jugular foramen dural arteriovenous fistula with spinal venous drainage manifesting as myelopathy—a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Jin Hengwei , Lv Xianli , Li Youxiang
Published: July 2016

We report a rare case of jugular foramen dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with spinal venous drainage. A 48-year-old woman suffered from progressive weakness of lower extremities and incontinence of urine and feces for 14 days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tortuous posterior medullary vein at C2–T2 and ischemic signal at C2–C4 of the spinal cord. Brain MRI revealed an abnormal high signal near the left jugular foramen. Digital subtraction angiography of the spinal vascular was negative, while brain angiography showed a left jugular foramen DAVF with spinal perimedullary venous drainage. The patient recovered completely soon after endovascular embolization with Onyx-18. Diagnosis of a DAVF presenting with myelopathy is challenging. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a favorable outcome.
Using Visual Reflective Diaries of Photographs of School Buildings as a Tool for Empowering Students in Teacher Training
Authors: Barromi Perlman Edna
Published: July 2016

This article explores the uses of photography as a basis for creating a reflective diary for students in teacher training programs. The students engage in creating still photographs of the school building of their placement, during various stages of the course. The study focuses on the analysis of selected photographs of three case studies, in conjunction with written narratives, which are integrated in the visual diaries. The aim of the study is to create an alternative approach for modeling student supervision in the second year of teacher training, enabling freedom of expression that encourages personal professional growth through the use of photography.
Pose measurement model of space cooperative target capture based on zoom vision system
Authors: Qi Naiming , Xia Qi , Guo Yubo , Chen Junren , Ma Ziran
Published: July 2016

In view of the mission of the cooperative target capture with the space manipulator, this article proposes to establish pose measurement model of the space cooperative target capture based on thick lens model for the first time. First, a ground simulation system is established for the cooperative target capture with the space manipulator based on the zoom vision system, coordinate system is defined, and pose calculation process is given. Then, space coordinate measurement model and pose calculation model are established for the system. Finally, the simulation experiments are conducted and the results validate the algorithm model and the high accuracy of measurement.
Dynamics of a novel robotic leg based on the Peaucellier–Lipkin mechanism on linear paths during the transfer phase
Authors: Núñez-Altamirano Diego Alfredo , Juárez-Campos Ignacio , Márquez-Pérez Lucia , Flores-Díaz Ociel , Romero-Muñoz Leonardo
Published: July 2016

This article deals with the kinematics and dynamics of a novel leg based on the Peaucellier–Lipkin mechanism, which is better known as the straight path tracer. The basic Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage with 1 degree of freedom was transformed into a more skillful mechanism, through the addition of 4 more degrees of freedom. The resulting 5-degree-of-freedom leg enables the walking machine to move along paths that are straight lines and/or concave or convex curves. Three degrees of freedom transform the leg in relation to a reachable center of rotation that the machine walks around. Once the leg is transformed, the remaining 2 degrees of freedom position the foot at a desirable Cartesian point during the transfer or support phase. We analyzed the direct and inverse kinematics developed for the leg when the foot describes a straight line and found some interesting relationships among the motion parameters. The dynamic model equations of motion for the leg were derived from the Lagrangian dynamic formulation to calculate the required torques during a particular transfer phase.
An active mass damper using rotating actuator for structural vibration control
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Luyu , Cheng Baowei , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: July 2016

A rotating actuator in the active mass damper system for structural vibration control is proposed in this article. Different from the linear actuator in the traditional active mass damper system, a rotating actuator is developed to suppress structural vibration. With the introduction of rotational movement and external excitations, nonlinearity and uncertainty are considered in the system. Using the Lagrange equations, the mathematical model of the nonlinear structure–active mass damper system with uncertainty is derived. Regarding the uncertainty in the model, a hierarchical sliding mode controller is designed based on Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical and experimental analyses are conducted to prove the effectiveness of the control algorithm and the reliability of the control device.
Calcifications in the carotid siphon inversely associate with cognitive performance in stroke-free community dwellers living in rural Ecuador (The Atahualpa Project)
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H , Mera Robertino M , Sullivan Lauren J , Zambrano Mauricio , King Nathan R
Published: July 2016

We aimed to assess whether carotid siphon calcifications (as seen on computed tomography) are associated with worse performance in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in 584 stroke-free individuals living in rural Ecuador. Using mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of subjects with Grade 1 calcifications (23.1 ± 4.2) as the referent category, fully adjusted generalized linear models showed significant associations between severity of carotid siphon calcifications and cognitive performance (mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores: 20.2 ± 4.8 for Grade 2 (p = 0.004), 19.7 ± 5.3 for Grade 3 (p = 0.0001), and 18.8 ± 4.1 for Grade 4 (p = 0.02)). Predictive Montreal Cognitive Assessment score margins were higher in individuals with Grade 1 calcifications than in other groups. This study shows an inverse relationship between calcium content in the carotid siphon and cognitive performance in Amerindians.
Does sensory relearning improve tactile function after carpal tunnel decompression? A pragmatic, assessor-blinded, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jerosch-Herold C. , Houghton J. , Miller L. , Shepstone L.
Published: July 2016

Despite surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome being effective in 80%–90% of cases, chronic numbness and hand disability can occur. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sensory relearning improves tactile discrimination and hand function after decompression. In a multi-centre, pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial, 104 patients were randomized to a sensory relearning ( n = 52) or control ( n = 52) group. A total of 93 patients completed a 12-week follow-up. Primary outcome was the shape-texture identification test at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes were touch threshold, touch localization, dexterity and self-reported hand function. No significant group differences were seen for the primary outcome (Shape-Texture Identification) at 6 weeks or 12 weeks. Similarly, no significant group differences were observed on secondary outcomes, with the exception of self-reported hand function. A secondary complier-averaged-causal-effects analysis showed no statistically significant treatment effect on the primary outcome. Sensory relearning for tactile sensory and functional deficits after carpal tunnel decompression is not effective.

Level of Evidence: II
Concepts and targets in triple-negative breast cancer: recent results and clinical implications
Authors: Saha Poornima , Nanda Rita
Published: July 2016

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease in which tumors are defined by lack of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptor. No targeted therapies are available for the treatment of TNBC, and chemotherapy remains the standard of care. Gene expression profiling has identified six distinct molecular subtypes of TNBC. The identification of novel targets, coupled with the development of therapies for different subsets of TNBC, holds great promise for the future treatment of this aggressive form of breast cancer. This review focuses on novel therapies in development for the treatment of TNBC.
A randomized controlled trial of comparative effectiveness of elastic therapeutic tape, sham tape or eccentric exercises alone for lateral elbow tendinosis
Authors: Wegener Raewyn L , Brown Ted , O’Brien Lisa
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Lateral elbow tendinosis is a condition that is well known to cause difficult challenges for hand therapists due to its long-term recovery and morbidity. Elastic therapeutic tape is commonly used as a treatment modality, despite limited evidence.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of elastic therapeutic tape, in conjunction with eccentric exercises, in the treatment of lateral elbow tendinosis. Forty participants with this condition (12 men, 28 women) were randomly allocated to three groups: (i) elastic therapeutic tape and eccentric exercises, (ii) sham tape and eccentric exercises, and (iii) eccentric exercises alone. All groups received education on activity modification techniques. Interventions were undertaken over a 12-week period (four weekly sessions and four fortnightly sessions) and outcome measures were recorded at baseline, three months and six months post randomisation.

Results

At three and six months, improvements were made in all three groups as assessed with the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation, the Short Form 36, pain-free grip strength, and the Occupational Self Assessment. However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in any of these measures. There were no significant side effects or symptom exacerbation with using the elastic therapeutic tape.

Conclusions

Whilst all groups improved on key outcomes, it is possible that exercise alone and/or natural recovery were responsible for improvements. It is positive to note that the use of elastic therapeutic tape was well tolerated by participants and not associated with any significant side effects or symptom exacerbation.
Exploring Story Selection Influences at the British Broadcasting Corporation
Authors: Watson W. Joe
Published: July 2016

This study explores the influences on story selection at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Through interviews with personnel across all levels of BBC News and observation of editorial meetings and newsroom routines at BBC World Headquarters in London, the author applies Gatekeeping theory in an effort to understand the BBC’s story selection process. Three themes emerge to inform our understanding of how stories are chosen and shaped for coverage at the BBC: respect and appreciation of the audience, the needs of individual networks and programs, and awareness of the Royal Charter.
Prescription Patterns and the Cost of Antihyperglycemic Drugs in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Germany
Authors: Jacob Louis , von Vultee Christian , Kostev Karel
Published: July 2016

Aims:

The goals were to analyze prescription patterns and the cost of antihyperglycemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treated in Germany in 2015.

Methods:

This study included 36382 patients aged 40 years or over treated in general practices (GPs) and diabetologist practices who were diagnosed with T2DM in 2015. Nine different families of antihyperglycemic therapy were included in the analysis. Demographic data included age, gender, and type of health insurance coverage. Clinical data included HbA1c level, body mass index (BMI), and the number of T2DM complications. The annual antihyperglycemic treatment cost per patient was calculated based on pharmacy retail prices. The multivariate regression analysis was fitted to estimate the adjusted treatment cost differences.

Results:

The percentage of T2DM patients receiving antihyperglycemic treatments was 87.6. This share was slightly higher in men than in women (89.1% vs 86.0%). Interestingly, the share of people treated with antihyperglycemic drugs decreased with age yet increased with HbA1c levels, BMI, and the number of complications. The average annual cost of antihyperglycemic drugs amounted to €498. It was significantly higher in men than in women (difference of €22). It was also significantly higher in individuals with private health insurance coverage than in people with public health insurance coverage (difference of €153). The annual cost decreased with age. It is compelling to note that this cost increased with HbA1c levels and BMI. Finally, the annual cost also increased with the number of complications.

Conclusions:

The share and the cost of antihyperglycemic treatments vary with gender, age, type of health insurance coverage, HbA1c levels, BMI, and the number of complications.