bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STAT3 regulates inflammatory cytokine production downstream of TNFR1 by inducing expression of TNFAIP3/A20
Authors: Antonia Ricardo J. , Karelehto Eveliina , Toriguchi Kan , Matli Mary , Warren Robert S. , Pfeffer Lawrence M. , Donner David B.
Published: July 2022

Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) potently induces a transient inflammatory response that must be downregulated once any invasive stimulus has resolved. Yet, how TNF‐induced inflammation is shut down in normal cells is incompletely understood. The present study shows that STAT3 was activated in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) by treatment with TNF or an agonist antibody to TNFR1. STAT3 activation was inhibited by pharmacological inhibition of the Jak2 tyrosine kinase that associates with TNFR1. To identify STAT3 target genes, global transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing was performed in wild‐type MEFs and MEFs from STAT3 knockout (STAT3KO) mice that were stimulated with TNF, and the results were validated at the protein level by using multiplex cytokine assays and immunoblotting. After TNF stimulation, STAT3KO MEFs showed greater gene and protein induction of the inflammatory chemokines Ccl2, Cxcl1 and Cxcl10 than WT MEFs. These observations show that, by activating STAT3, TNF selectively modulates expression of a cohort of chemokines that promote inflammation. The greater induction by TNF of chemokines in STAT3KO than WT MEFs suggested that TNF induced an inhibitory protein in WT MEFs. Consistent with this possibility, STAT3 activation by TNFR1 increased the expression of Tnfaip3/A20, a ubiquitin modifying enzyme that inhibits inflammation, in WT MEFs but not in STAT3KO MEFs. Moreover, enforced expression of Tnfaip3/A20 in STAT3KO MEFs suppressed proinflammatory chemokine expression induced by TNF. Our observations identify Tnfaip3/A20 as a new downstream target for STAT3 which limits the induction of Ccl2, Cxcl1 and Cxcl10 and inflammation induced by TNF.
Dermoscopy of glomus tumour: a cross‐sectional study of 86 cases
Authors: Álvarez‐Salafranca M. , Bañuls J. , Thomas L. , Hirata S.H. , Argenziano G. , Medina C. , Lacarrubba F. , del Pozo L.J. , Ara M. , Zaballos P.
Published: July 2022

Background

Glomus tumours (GTs) are benign cutaneous neoplasms derived from the neuromyoarterial apparatus with a strong predilection for acral sites, especially the subungual space. Current data regarding dermoscopy of these lesions are very limited.

Objectives

To analyse the dermoscopic structures and patterns seen in a large series of subungual (SUGTs) and extraungual glomus tumours (EUGTs) and to determine their diagnostic significance.

Methods

Clinical and dermoscopic images of 86 histopathologically proven cases of GTs (47 SUGTs and 39 EUGTs) collected from 9 hospitals in Spain, France, Italy, and Brazil were evaluated for the presence of dermoscopic structures and patterns. Similarly, 189 and 185 dermoscopic images of other ungual tumours and other extraungual non‐pigmented tumours, respectively, were evaluated for the same structures and patterns. Finally, we evaluate diagnostic testing accuracy calculating sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), and positive and negative predictive values of the different patterns for the diagnosis of GT.

Results

Regarding SUGTs, four patterns were built from the combination of different structures. The pattern composed of a structureless purplish/red subungual spot with or without vessels reached the highest S (S1, 78.8%). The combination of a structureless purplish/red subungual spot and longitudinal erythronychia (LE) (S2) is highly specific (96.3%). Patterns S3 (proximal purplish/red subungual spot, LE, and distal notch) and S4 (bed subungual spot and onycholysis) are the most specific and exclusive of matrix and bed tumours, respectively. The most consistent pattern in EUGTs is composed of a structureless purplish‐white to reddish‐white homogeneous area and linear unfocused vessels (E) (S: 61.5%, Sp: 95.7%). EUGTs did not show lacunae, unlike other vascular tumours.

Conclusions

Dermoscopy is helpful in improving the diagnostic accuracy of GTs, not only in SUGTs but also when these lesions arise out of the ungual apparatus.
Exploring ecosystem‐based management in the North Atlantic
Authors: Dickey‐Collas Mark , Link Jason S. , Snelgrove Paul , Roberts J. Murray , Anderson M. Robin , Kenchington Ellen , Bundy Alida , (Peg) Brady Margaret M. , Shuford Rebecca L. , Townsend Howard , Rindorf Anna , Rudd Murray A. , Johnson David , Johannesen Ellen
Published: July 2022

The United States, the EU and Canada established a trilateral working group on the ecosystem approach to ocean health and stressors under the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance. Recognizing the Atlantic Ocean as a shared resource and responsibility, the working group sought to advance understanding of the Atlantic Ocean and its dynamic systems to improve ocean health, enhance ocean stewardship and promote the sustainable use and management of its resources. This included consideration of multiple ocean‐use sectors such as fishing, shipping, tourism and offshore energy. The working group met for 4 years and worked through eight steps that covered the development of common language as a basis for collaboration, challenges of stakeholder engagement, review of the governance mandates, exploring the links between sectors and ecosystems effects, identifying gaps in knowledge and uptake of science, identification of tools for ecosystem‐based management, customary best practice for tool development and communication of key research priorities. The key findings were that ecosystem‐based management enables new benefits and opportunities, and that we need to make the business case. Further findings were that adequate mandates and effective tools exist for ecosystem‐based management, and that ecosystem‐based management urgently requires integration of human dimensions, so we must diversify the conversation. In addition, it was found that stakeholders do not see their stake in ecosystem‐based management, so greater engagement with stakeholders and targeting of ocean literacy is required and a sustainable future requires a sustained investment in ecosystem‐based management, so long‐term commitment is key.
Adrenomedullin for biologic‐resistant Crohn's disease: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 2a clinical trial
Authors: Kita Toshihiro , Ashizuka Shinya , Takeda Teruyuki , Matsumoto Takayuki , Ohmiya Naoki , Nakase Hiroshi , Motoya Satoshi , Ohi Hidehisa , Mitsuyama Keiichi , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Kanmura Shuji , Kato Naoya , Ishihara Shunji , Nakamura Masanao , Moriyama Tomohiko , Saruta Masayuki , Nozaki Ryoichi , Yamamoto Shojiro , Inatsu Haruhiko , Watanabe Koji , Kitamura Kazuo
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim

Adrenomedullin is a bioactive peptide with many pleiotropic effects, including mucosal healing and immunomodulation. Adrenomedullin has shown beneficial effects in rodent models of inflammatory bowel disease and, more importantly, in clinical trials including patients with ulcerative colitis. We performed a successive clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of adrenomedullin in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods

This was a multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 2a trial that evaluated 24 patients with biologic‐resistant CD in Japan. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups and were given an infusion of 10 or 15 ng/kg/min of adrenomedullin or placebo for 8 h per day for 7 days. The primary endpoint was the change in the CD activity index (CDAI) at 8 weeks. The main secondary endpoints included changes in CDAI from week 4 to week 24.

Results

No differences in the primary or secondary endpoints were observed between the three groups by the 8th week. Changes in CDAI in the placebo group gradually decreased and disappeared at 24 weeks, but those in the adrenomedullin‐treated groups (10 or 15 ng/kg/min group) remained at steady levels for 24 weeks. Therefore, a significant difference was observed between the placebo and adrenomedullin‐treated groups at 24 weeks (P = 0.043) in the mixed‐effects model. We noted mild adverse events caused by the vasodilatory effect of adrenomedullin.

Conclusion

In this trial, we observed a long‐lasting (24 weeks) decrease in CDAI in the adrenomedullin‐treated groups. Adrenomedullin might be beneficial for biologic‐resistant CD, but further research is needed.
Optimization and use of near infrared imaging to guide lymph node collection in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Smedley Jeremy V. , Bochart Rachele M. , Fischer Miranda , Funderburgh Heidi , Kelly Vanessa , Crank Hugh , Armantrout Kim , Shiel Oriene , Robertson‐LeVay Mitchell , Sternberger Nikki , Schmaling Brian , Roberts Sheila , Sekiguchi Vicki , Reusz Michael , Schwartz Tiah , Meyer Kimberly A. , Webb Gabriela , Gilbride Roxanne M. , Dambrauskas Nicholas , Andrade Daniela , Wood Matthew , Labriola Caralyn , Axthelm Michael , Derby Nina , Varco‐Merth Ben , Fukazawa Yoshinori , Hansen Scott , Sacha Jonah B. , Sodora Donald L. , Sather D. Noah
Published: July 2022

Background

Identification of lymph nodes (LNs) draining a specific site or in obese macaques can be challenging.

Methods

Indocyanine Green (ICG) was administered intradermal (ID), intramuscular, in the oral mucosa, or subserosal in the colon followed by Near Infrared (NIR) imaging.

Results

After optimization to maximize LN identification, intradermal ICG was successful in identifying 50–100% of the axillary/inguinal LN at a site. Using NIR, collection of peripheral and mesenteric LNs in obese macaques was 100% successful after traditional methods failed. Additionally, guided collection of LNs draining the site of intraepithelial or intramuscular immunization demonstrated significantly increased numbers of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in germinal centers of draining compared to nondraining LNs.

Conclusion

These imaging techniques optimize our ability to evaluate immune changes within LNs over time, even in obese macaques. This approach allows for targeted serial biopsies that permit confidence that draining LNs are being harvested throughout the study.
Improved Self‐Assessed Collaboration Through Interprofessional Education: Midwifery Students and Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents Learning Together
Authors: Avery Melissa D. , Mathiason Michelle , Andrighetti Tia , Autry Amy M. , Cammarano Dominic , Dau Kim Q. , Hoffman Samantha , Krause Susan Agard , Montgomery Owen , Perry Audrey , Sankey Heather Z. , Woodland Mark B. , Jennings John C.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Research suggests that interprofessional education, bringing learners together to learn about, with, and from each other, improves health professions education and can improve health outcomes. Little research has measured outcomes of interprofessional education between midwifery students and obstetrics and gynecology residents. The purpose of this study was to examine self‐assessed interprofessional and collaborative competencies among midwifery students and obstetrics and gynecology residents.

Methods

Baseline self‐assessed interprofessional and collaborative competencies were compared with follow‐up measurements to evaluate learners’ experiences over an 11‐month study period. Participants were midwifery students and obstetrics and gynecology residents who experienced interprofessional learning activities. The Interprofessional Education Collaborative Competency Self‐Assessment Survey (IPEC Survey) and Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS) were used.

Results

Of 256 learners at 4 demonstration sites, 223 (87%) completed the baseline, and 121 of 237 eligible learners (51%) completed the follow‐up surveys. The IPEC Survey total score (t = 2.31, P = .02) and interaction subscale (t = 2.85, P = .005) and ICCAS score (t = 4.04, P = .001) increased for midwifery students but not obstetrics and gynecology residents on the IPEC Survey (t = 0.32, P = .75) and ICCAS (t = −0.05, P = .96) measures. Midwifery students (87%) and residents (57%) reported improved overall ability to collaborate. Learners responding to 3 open‐ended questions valued team‐based experiences, including learning how to communicate with each other; appreciated learning each other's education and scope of practice; and recommended skills development including uncommon clinical events, case discussions, and direct clinical care.

Discussion

This study advanced knowledge about interprofessional education between midwifery students and obstetrics and gynecology residents. Midwifery students improved in self‐assessed interprofessional and collaborative competencies. Most learners reported better interprofessional collaboration skills and were positive about future interprofessional learning. This evaluation approach is available for other programs implementing or extending interprofessional education.
PICT‐1 regulates p53 splicing and sensitivity of medullary thyroid carcinoma cells to everolimus
Authors: Bareli Yifat , Shimon Ilan , Tobar Ana , Rubinfeld Hadara
Published: July 2022

Protein interacting with carboxyl terminus 1 (PICT‐1) is a nucleolar protein shown to act as a tumor suppressor that interacts with PTEN, or in a contrasting manner to facilitate the accessibility of p53 to ubiquitination and degradation, thus to function as an oncogene. The aim of the study was to examine the potential role of PICT‐1 in neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) tumorigenesis and response to mTOR inhibitor treatment. PICT‐1 was overexpressed in medullary thyroid (TT) and pancreatic (BON1) NEN cell lines using lentiviral vector. Whereas in BON1 cells PICT‐1 overexpression exhibited no significant impact, in TT cells it induced the appearance of p53β lacking the C‐terminus end. This was accompanied by a robust decrease in p21 expression and elevation of cell viability. Remarkably, PICT‐1 overexpression completely reversed the reduction in cell viability of medullary thyroid neoplasm cells induced by everolimus, a therapeutic option for patients with progressive NENs. mTOR pathway investigations revealed that PICT‐1 overexpression induced a reduction in PTEN expression and a robust increase in the expression level of phospho‐Akt‐Ser47 only partially inhibited by everolimus. These findings suggest a possible role of PICT‐1 in the spliceosome machinery and provide functional involvement of PICT‐1 in the complex network of mTOR.
The ECB's asset purchase programme: Theory, effects, and risks
Authors: Benigno Pierpaolo , Canofari Paolo , Di Bartolomeo Giovanni , Messori Marcello
Published: July 2022

In response to the Covid‐19 crisis, the European Central Bank (ECB) has relaunched a massive asset purchase programme within its combined‐arms monetary strategy. This paper surveys and discusses the theory and the evidence of the central bank's unconventional monetary tools for the euro area. It analyses the role of the asset purchase programmes in the ECB's toolkit and the associated risks, focusing specifically on the gradual unwinding of these unconventional initiatives. Finally, the paper offers some insight into the possible evolution of the ECB's monetary policy.
Offset analgesia is increased intra‐orally
Authors: Szikszay Tibor M. , Lévénez Juliette L. M. , Adamczyk Wacław M. , Carvalho Gabriela F. , Luedtke Kerstin
Published: July 2022

Background

Offset analgesia (OA) is commonly used to quantify endogenous pain inhibition. However, the potential role of afferent inputs and the subsequent peripheral factors from different body areas on the underlying mechanisms are still unclear.

Objectives

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to compare the magnitude of OA in four different body areas representing (a) glabrous and non‐glabrous skin, (b) trigeminal and extra‐trigeminal areas, and (c) intra‐ and extra‐oral tissue.

Methods

OA was assessed at the oral mucosa of the lower lip, the skin of the cheek, the forearm and the palm of the hand in 32 healthy and pain‐free participants. OA testing included two trials: (1) a constant trial (30 s of constant heat stimulation at an individualised temperature of Pain50 [pain intensity of 50 out of 100]) and (2) an offset trial (10 s of individualised Pain50, followed by 5 s at Pain50 + 1°C and 15 s at Pain50). Participants continuously rated their pain during each trial with a computerised visual analogue scale.

Results

A significant OA response was recorded at the oral mucosa (p < .001, d = 1.24), the cheek (p < .001, d = 0.84) and the forearm (p < .001, d = 1.04), but not at the palm (p = .19, d = 0.24). Significant differences were shown for OA recorded at the cheek versus the mucosa (p = .02), and between palm and mucosa (p = .007), but not between the remaining areas (p > .05).

Conclusion

This study suggests that intra‐oral endogenous pain inhibition assessed with OA is enhanced and supports the role of peripheral mechanisms contributing to the OA response.
Human–rat integrated microRNAs profiling identified a new neonatal cerebral hypoxic–ischemic pathway melatonin‐sensitive
Authors: Weiss Michael D. , Carloni Silvia , Vanzolini Tania , Coppari Sofia , Balduini Walter , Buonocore Giuseppe , Longini Mariangela , Perrone Serafina , Sura Livia , Mohammadi Atefeh , Rocchi Marco Bruno Luigi , Negrini Massimo , Melandri Davide , Albertini Maria Cristina
Published: July 2022

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a pathological condition affecting long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Hypothermia is the only therapeutic option, but does not always improve outcomes; hence, researchers continue to hunt for pharmaceutical compounds. Melatonin treatment has benefitted neonates with hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain injury. However, unlike animal models that enable the study of the brain and the pathophysiologic cascade, only blood is available from human subjects. Therefore, due to the unavailability of neonatal brain tissue, assumptions about the pathophysiology in pathways and cascades are made in human subjects with NE. We analyzed animal and human specimens to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology in human neonates. A neonate with NE who underwent hypothermia and enrolled in a melatonin pharmacokinetic study was compared to HI rats treated/untreated with melatonin. MicroRNA (miRNA) analyses provided profiles of the neonate's plasma, rat plasma, and rat brain cortexes. We compared these profiles through a bioinformatics tool, identifying Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways common to HI brain injury and melatonin treatment. After evaluating the resulting pathways and the literature, to validate the method, the key proteins expressed in HI brain injury were investigated using cerebral cortexes. The upregulated miRNAs in human neonate and rat plasma helped identify two KEGG pathways, glioma and long‐term potentiation, common to HI injury and melatonin treatment. A unified neonatal cerebral melatonin‐sensitive HI pathway was designed and validated by assessing the expression of protein kinase Cα (PKCα), phospho (p)‐Akt, and p‐ERK proteins in rat brain cortexes. PKCα increased in HI‐injured rats and further increased with melatonin. p‐Akt and p‐ERK returned phosphorylated to their basal level with melatonin treatment after HI injury. The bioinformatics analyses validated by key protein expression identified pathways common to HI brain injury and melatonin treatment. This approach helped complete pathways in neonates with NE by integrating information from animal models of HI brain injury.
Associational effects, landscape context, and plant height affect white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browse selectivity in oak woodlands
Authors: Minette Justin H. , Keoshkerian Noah , Russell F. Leland
Published: July 2022

Questions

Large spatial variation in damage intensity is a pervasive, but poorly explained, feature of herbivore–plant interactions. To predict herbivore effects on plant communities, ecologists need greater understanding of the mechanisms and relative importance of processes driving variation in damage at the spatial scales of individual plant, plant community, and landscape. We ask: (1) what are the relative strengths of traits of individual plants versus landscape context in affecting white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browsing on saplings in oak woodlands; and (2) is browsing intensity on post oak (Quercus stellata) influenced by associational effects related to density or frequency of more‐selected or less‐selected species?

Location

Dry oak‐dominated woodlands, Kansas, USA.

Methods

We sampled deer browsing on saplings in three woodlands, each containing five transects, with 21 10‐m2 plots per transect. Transects ran from woodland–grassland edges into woodlands. In each plot, we identified saplings to species, measured variables in individual‐plant (height) and landscape contexts (distance from edge and proximity to deer trails), and quantified proportion of stems browsed per sapling.

Results

Browsing intensity varied greatly among the 18 tree species encountered. Browsing increased with sapling height and decreased with distance from woodland edges. The effect size of distance from edge was twice that of sapling height, although both effect sizes were small. Browsing on post oaks increased with local frequency of saplings of more‐selected species.

Conclusions

Our comparison of individual‐plant versus landscape context variables and our assessment of associational effects supports a substantial role for coarse‐scale foraging decisions in explaining browsing damage. However, sapling species identity was most influential. Associational susceptibility of a less‐selected species, post oak, near more‐selected neighbors is consistent with a mobile herbivore choosing between patches. The pre‐eminence of frequency of more‐selected species in mediating associational susceptibility may reflect decreased handling time in pure patches and/or attempts to balance nutrients.
Linking large‐scale genetic structure of three Argynnini butterfly species to geography and environment
Authors: Polic Daniela , Yıldırım Yeşerin , Lee Kyung Min , Franzén Markus , Mutanen Marko , Vila Roger , Forsman Anders
Published: July 2022

Understanding which factors and processes are associated with genetic differentiation within and among species remains a major goal in evolutionary biology. To explore differences and similarities in genetic structure and its association with geographical and climatic factors in sympatric sister species, we conducted a large‐scale (>32° latitude and >36° longitude) comparative phylogeographical study on three Argynnini butterfly species (Speyeria aglaja, Fabriciana adippe and F. niobe) that have similar life histories, but differ in ecological generalism and dispersal abilities. Analyses of nuclear (ddRAD‐sequencing derived SNP markers) and mitochondrial (COI sequences) data revealed differences between species in genetic structure and how genetic differentiation was associated with climatic factors (temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, wind speed). Geographical proximity accounted for much of the variation in nuclear and mitochondrial structure and evolutionary relationships in F. adippe and F. niobe, but only explained the pattern observed in the nuclear data in S. aglaja, for which mitonuclear discordance was documented. In all species, Iberian and Balkan individuals formed genetic clusters, suggesting isolation in glacial refugia and limited postglacial expansion. Solar radiation and precipitation were associated with the genetic structure on a regional scale in all species, but the specific combinations of environmental and geographical factors linked to variation within species were unique, pointing to species‐specific responses to common environments. Our findings show that the species share similar colonization histories, and that the same ecological factors, such as niche breadth and dispersal capacity, covary with genetic differentiation within these species to some extent, thereby highlighting the importance of comparative phylogeographical studies in sympatric sister species.
A typology of Marxian transformation procedures with endogenous exploitation rate
Authors: Montes‐Rojas Gabriel V.
Published: July 2022

This paper constructs a unified framework to evaluate the Marxian transformation models, where the exploitation rate is an endogenous variable determined within value and price of production systems. All different procedures are based on two different value‐price invariance equations. These could be chosen among either two aggregate product equations (gross or net output) or three capital invariant equations (total, variable or constant). Different combinations of invariance equations result in most Marxian solutions developed in recent decades. The solution does not imply that one model (prices) is logically prior to the other (values), but that in fact that the joint solution is needed.
The effect of local cold compresses for nitroglycerin‐induced headache: An observational pretest–posttest study
Authors: Uğurlu Yasemin Kalkan , Enç Nuray
Published: July 2022

Background

Nitroglycerin (NTG)‐induced headache is the most common side effect of nitrate therapy and negatively affects the quality of life.

Aims

To assess the preventive and severity‐reducing effect of cold compresses applied to the bilateral frontotemporal and occipital regions, where pain is most frequently experienced, for headache among individuals receiving intravenous NTG treatment.

Study Design

This research used an observational, two‐group, pretest–posttest design and was completed from October 2020 to May 2021 in the coronary intensive care unit of a state hospital located in the north of Turkey. The first group in the research had cold compresses applied for 20 min with the aid of an applicator at the start of NTG infusion, while the second group had the same implementation when headache developed during infusion.

Results

Both groups were similar in terms of the demographic and clinical features of participants. In our study, more headache was observed in the group without local cold compresses at the start of infusion (53.3%) compared with the group with local cold compresses at the start of infusion (25.8%) (χ2 = 4.841, p = .028). In both groups, the heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of patients significantly approached normal values after cold compresses. Patients with local cold compresses applied when headache developed had significantly different visual analog scale scores before (5.75) and after (2.00) the cold compresses application (z = 3.558, p = .000).

Conclusion

At the beginning of the infusion, local cold compresses application may prevent NTG‐induced headache in patients without headache, and local cold compresses applied when headache develops may reduce the severity of NTG‐induced headache.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Application of cold compresses immediately when treatment begins is recommended as a simple and effective practice with no side effects for patients receiving NTG treatment.
Prevalence of, and risk factors for, dental sequelae in adolescents who underwent cancer therapy during childhood
Authors: Rabassa‐Blanco Judit , Brunet‐Llobet Lluís , Marcote‐Sinclair Paula , Balsells‐Mejía Sol , Correa‐Llano María Genoveva , Miranda‐Rius Jaume
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The increase in survival rates in children treated for cancer has been accompanied by a rise in sequelae in permanent teeth. The aim of the study was to correlate the type of cancer therapy administered to patients during early childhood and the dental sequelae recorded in survivors.

Material and methods

Single‐center retrospective cohort study carried out at the Children's University Hospital of Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona, Spain. Hundred and nine patients who had received cancer treatment during early childhood were randomly examined and grouped according to diagnosis and cancer therapy received. The type of therapy was correlated with the number and severity of dental lesions that patients presented in adolescence.

Results

Dental sequelae of some kind were present in 85.3% of patients. Microdontia was the most prevalent (52.3%). Treatment with alkylating agents had a relative risk of presenting moderate lesions of 3.36 (1.18–9.60), and one of 2.29 (1.07–4.91) of presenting severe lesions. Topoisomerase inhibitors and cytotoxic antibiotics presented relative risks of 1.6 (1.07–2.38) and 2.08 (1.02–4.26) of root alterations and agenesis, respectively.

Conclusions

Treatment with alkylating agents together with cytotoxic antibiotics and topoisomerase inhibitors was associated with a higher relative risk of microdontia, agenesis, and root shortening.
Preventing construction deaths: The role of public policies
Authors: Gray Wayne B. , Mendeloff John
Published: July 2022

Are stronger direct financial incentives or regulatory enforcement effective in reducing fatalities in the construction industry? We examine two important policies—state workers' compensation (WC) programs and federal and state Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) activities—which embody those strategies. We examine their impact by looking at state‐level fatality rates in the construction industry from 1992 to 2016. Setting aside highway crashes and violence, the majority of employee deaths occur in construction. We find that states which exempt small firms from the requirement to buy WC insurance have higher fatality rates. When eligibility for compensation is restricted by longer waiting periods, fatality rates are substantially higher. More frequent federal or state OSHA inspections and, especially, consultation visits are associated with lower fatality rates, but higher average penalties are not. Limited variation in these policies over our sample period, especially for WC, makes these results suggestive rather than definitively causal.
Optimistic income expectations and meeting those expectations: What matters for well‐being in a developing country?
Authors: Fan Sha , Mahadevan Renuka
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the impact of income expectations and the extent to which these expectations are met, on subjective well‐being. For the Indonesian sample, expectations had asymmetric effects on well‐being, with pessimistic expectations having a strong adverse effect compared with a weak positive effect of optimism. Optimism improves only females' and not males' well‐being while pessimism has the reverse effect on both genders' well‐being. Although unmet expectations reduced well‐being for all subgroups, the mediating role of social capital to negate this was limited to some subgroups. Results point toward a gendered policy agenda and the rural–urban divide to improve well‐being.
Afterword: Context erasure
Authors: Hinkson Melinda
Published: July 2022

This afterword reflects upon the not guilty verdict and the media reportage that followed the conclusion of the murder trial of Constable Zachary Rolfe. After the lifting of media embargoes, a plethora of new material was delivered into the public domain. Much of this material was forensic and voyeuristic in approach, dedicated to expanding the narrative of endemic physical violence in Kumunjayi Walker's background while humanizing and heroising the police officer acquitted of his murder. Rendered invisible were the long and brutal history of colonial policing, as well as more recent and particular shifts in the culture and intensity of carceral practice in the Northern Territory. Kumunjayi Walker's shooting occurred at the culmination of the systematic displacement of Warlpiri authority by an endless horizon of securitised governance.
Sickle cell trait results in a high leukoreduction quality control failure rate for whole blood donations
Authors: Gehrie Eric A. , Petran Lori , Young Pampee P.
Published: July 2022

Background

Prior studies have shown that sickle cell trait (SCT) is the most common reason attributed to leukoreduction (LR) filter failure due to physical blockage. However, current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines do not require blood collectors to take a specific action to mitigate inadequate LR that may occur among donors with SCT. We sought to determine the scope of inadequate LR among whole blood (WB) donations collected from individuals with SCT and processed under standard manufacturing conditions.

Study Design and Methods

Between 8/2021 and 2/2022, a total of 40 red blood cells units (RBCs) manufactured from WB donations collected from donors historically positive for SCT had residual leukocyte testing performed. All 40 of the units had appeared to successfully complete leukofiltration.

Results

Out of the 40 units tested, 22 failed routine residual leukocyte quality control testing (55% failure rate, 95% confidence interval 40%–70%). Nine out of the 22 failures resulted in more than 100 residual leukocytes per microliter of product.

Conclusion

Even when leukofiltration appears to have been completed successfully, WB units collected from donors with SCT have a high (55% in aggregate) rate of inadequate leukoreduction. Correlating this result with previous studies showing that of up to 50% of WB units collected from donors with SCT fail to pass through the leukoreduction filter, we estimate that only 25% of WB donations collected from individuals with SCT will result in a leukoreduced RBC unit that meets all FDA requirements. Blood centers should encourage individuals with SCT to donate platelets or plasma, rather than WB.
Molecular systematics and biogeographic insights of the Calomys callosus complex (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Authors: González‐Ittig Raúl E. , Pinotti Juan D. , Carballo Julieta , Martín María L. , Levis Silvana , Calderón Gladys , Gómez‐Villafañe Isabel , Salazar‐Bravo Jorge , Pardiñas Ulyses F. J.
Published: July 2022

The genus Calomys includes several species that have very similar external morphologies, which often leads to confusing field identification and has resulted in conflictive taxonomic histories. One of its clades involves large‐sized body forms, known as the Calomys callosus complex. In a previous study, a biogeographic hypothesis was proposed to explain a south‐to‐north colonisation of South America by species of this complex. However, other studies which not included all members of the complex' members and that used different molecular markers, did not support that biogeographic hypothesis. Here we explore the relationships among C. callosus sensu stricto (s.s.), C. fecundus, C. callidus, C. venustus, C. tocantinsi and Calomys sp. using two mitochondrial genes (Cyt‐b and Control Region) and two nuclear genes (Rhp3 and i7FGB) data. We also applied several gene trees and species delimitation methods to elucidate the taxonomy, distribution and evolutionary relationships among the analysed species. By including sequences of individuals from Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, we reconstructed the possible ancestral biogeographic origin of the complex. Two main clades were recovered: the western showed the relationships (C. venustus [C. fecundus–Calomys sp.]), while the eastern (C. callidus [C. callosus s.s.–C. tocantinsi]). These results support the original biogeographic hypothesis and suggest the following scenario: in the west, from the Espinal ecoregion, first the Tucumane–Bolivian Yungas and later, the Beni savanna would have been colonised. In the east, from the Espinal, first the Chaco and later the Cerrado ecoregions may have been occupied.
Asesoría diocesana sobre inmuebles y cuestiones edilicias:
Authors: Di Nicco Jorge Antonio
Published: July 2022

Este artículo trata sobre la asesoría diocesana sobre inmuebles y cuestiones edilicias, temática sobre la cual no abunda la bibliografía, explicando su importancia y la necesidad de que cada curia diocesana cuente con ella. Se desarrollan las cualidades que deben poseer sus integrantes, su función, plazo de nombramiento y retribución, entre otros aspectos. Asimismo, se presenta una estadística sobre su existencia en iglesias particulares de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay, puntualizando en el caso de una diócesis que cuenta con la asesoría desde hace casi veinte años. Por último, se realiza una propuesta de lege ferenda. Así, este trabajo se introduce en una temática que todavía no ha sido profundizada, pero que merece serlo.
Diritto, Sacra Scrittura e nuovo umanesimo
Authors: Maddalena Mazzia Maria
Published: July 2022

Ha un senso parlare oggi di diritto e Sacra Scrittura? E cercare di capire come può questo rapporto aiutare l’uomo moderno nel suo anelito verso la verità, nel suo rapporto con Dio?

Il diritto non può prescindere dalla Sacra Scrittura che, in quanto Parola di Dio, va sempre tenuta presente, sia da parte dei giuristi che dei politici cattolici, nella gestione del bene comune.

Il diritto nella Chiesa trova il suo fondamento nella Sacra Scrittura, è un dono di Dio attraverso la Rivelazione.

Sacra Scrittura e Diritto nella Chiesa perseguono un unico fine, la salvezza delle anime, attraverso un’unica legge, la Legge dell’Amore.

Nel realizzarsi della legge dell’Amore l’uomo vive un nuovo umanesimo.
El estatuto jurídico del catecúmeno:
Authors: Arias Jiménez Carlos Guillermo
Published: July 2022

El Código de Derecho Canónico de 1983, en el canon 788 §3, dice que corresponde a las conferencias episcopales publicar unos estatutos por los que se regule el catecumenado, determinando qué obligaciones deben cumplir los catecúmenos y qué prerrogativas se les reconocen. Este artículo es una propuesta de elaboración del estatuto del catecúmeno para la Conferencia Episcopal de Colombia de manera que pueda responder a esta exigencia, ya que en su legislación particular de 1986 y la más reciente del 2015 aún no ha cumplido con este pedido.
Diagnostic accuracy of splinter haemorrhages in patients referred for suspected infective endocarditis
Authors: Schwiebert Ralph , Baig Wazir , Wu Jianhua , Sandoe Jonathan A T
Published: July 2022

Objective

Splinter haemorrhages are an examination finding that has classically been associated with infective endocarditis (IE), but are not included in current diagnostic algorithms. Splinter haemorrhages have not been evaluated as a diagnostic tool using modern definitions of IE. We determined their sensitivity and specificity in patients with suspected IE and investigated their inclusion in the Duke criteria.

Methods

This is a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study using data from 1119 patients with suspected IE referred to the IE service. Patients were categorised according to the Duke criteria, the current diagnostic gold standard, into Duke ‘rejected’, ‘possible’ or ‘definite’ groups. Definite cases (n=451) served as the true positives and rejected cases (n=486) as the true negatives against which splinter haemorrhages were compared. Duke possible cases (n=182) were used the assess the clinical impact of adding splinter haemorrhages to the Duke criteria.

Results

In clinically suspected cases of IE and using the Duke criteria as the gold standard comparator, splinter haemorrhages had a sensitivity of 26% (95% CI 22 to 31) (119 out of 451) and a specificity of 83% (95% CI 79 to 86) (403 out of 486). Inclusion of splinter haemorrhages as a minor vascular phenomenon in the Duke criteria would result in a reclassification of 12% of cases from Duke rejected to possible and 13% from Duke possible to definite.

Conclusion

Splinter haemorrhages are an insensitive tool in the diagnosis of IE, but their high specificity indicates they do have clinical value in patients with suspected infection. Their inclusion in the Duke criteria as a minor vascular criterion reduces diagnostic uncertainty for some Duke possible cases, while increasing it for a similar proportion of Duke rejected cases.
New-onset persistent left bundle branch block following sutureless aortic valve replacement
Authors: Vilalta Victoria , Cediel Germán , Mohammadi Siamak , López Helena , Kalavrouziotis Dimitri , Resta Helena , Dumont Eric , Voisine Pierre , Philippon François , Escabia Claudia , Borrellas Andrea , Alperi Alberto , Fernandez-Nofrerias Eduard , Carrillo Xavier , Panagides Vassili , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Rodés-Cabau Josep
Published: July 2022

Objective

To evaluate the incidence, predictive factors and prognostic value of new-onset persistent left bundle branch block (NOP-LBBB) in patients undergoing sutureless surgical aortic valve replacement (SU-SAVR).

Methods

A total of 329 consecutive patients without baseline conduction disturbances or previous permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) who underwent SU-SAVR with the Perceval valve (LivaNova Group, Saluggia, Italy) in two centres from 2013 to 2019 were included. Patients were on continuous ECG monitoring during hospitalisation and 12-lead ECG was performed after the procedure and at hospital discharge. NOP-LBBB was defined as a new postprocedural LBBB that persisted at hospital discharge. Baseline, procedural and follow-up clinical and echocardiography data were collected in a dedicated database.

Results

New-onset LBBB was observed in 115 (34.9%) patients, and in 76 (23.1%) persisted at hospital discharge. There were no differences in baseline and procedural characteristics between patients with (n=76) and without (n=253) NOP-LBBB. After a median follow-up of 3.3 years (2.3–4.4 years), patients with NOP-LBBB had a higher incidence of PPI (14.5% vs 6.3%, p=0.016), but exhibited similar rates of all-cause mortality (19.4% vs 19.2%, p=0.428), cardiac mortality (8.1% vs 9.4%, p=0.805) and heart failure readmission (21.0% vs 23.2%, p=0.648), compared with the no/transient LBBB group. NOP-LBBB was associated with a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 1-year follow-up (delta: −5.7 vs +0.2, p<0.001).

Conclusions

NOP-LBBB occurred in approximately a quarter of patients without prior conduction disturbances who underwent SU-SAVR and was associated with a threefold increased risk of PPI along with a negative impact on LVEF at follow-up.
Superentropic black hole shadows in arbitrary dimensions
Authors: Belhaj A. , Benali M. , Hassouni Y.
Published: July 2022

We investigate the shadow behaviors of the superentropic black holes in arbitrary dimensions. Using the Hamilton–Jacobi mechanism, we first obtain the associated null geodesic equations of motion. By help of a spheric stereographic projection, we discuss the shadows in terms of one-dimensional real curves. Fixing the mass parameterm, we obtain certain shapes being remarkably different than four dimensional geometric configurations. We then study theirs behaviors by varying the black hole mass parameter. We show that the shadows undergo certain geometric transitions depending on the spacetime dimension. In terms of a critical value$$m_c$$mc, we find that the four dimensional shadows exhibit three configurations being the D-shape, the cardioid and the naked singularity associated with$$m>m_c$$m>mc,$$m=m_c$$m=mcand$$m<m_c$$m<mc, respectively. We reveal that the D-shape passes to the naked singularity via a critical curve called cardioid. In higher dimensions, however, we show that such transitional behaviors are removed.
A note on parabolic frequency and a theorem of Hardy–Pólya–Szegö
Authors: Liu Hao-Yue , Xu Pang
Published: July 2022

In this note, we are concerned with the monotonicity of parabolic frequency for weighted [Formula: see text]-Laplacian heat equation on Riemannian manifolds and a theorem of Hardy–Pólya–Szegö on Kähler manifolds under the Kähler-Ricci flow.
Relative entropy of k-order edge capacity for nodes similarity analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaogang , Yan Guanghui , Yang Zhifei
Published: July 2022

The solutions to many problems on complex networks depend on the calculation of the similarity between nodes. The existing methods face the problems of the lack of hierarchical information richness or large computational requirements. In order to flexibly analyze the similarity of nodes on an optional multi-order scale as needed, we propose a novel method for calculating the similarity based on the relative entropy of [Formula: see text]-order edge capacity in this paper. The distribution of edges affects the network heterogeneity, information propagation, node centrality and so on. Entropy of [Formula: see text]-order edge capacity can represent the edge distribution feature in the range of [Formula: see text]-order of node. It increases as [Formula: see text] increases and converges at the eccentricity of the node. Relative entropy of [Formula: see text]-order edge capacity can be used to compare the similarity of edge distribution between nodes within [Formula: see text]-order. As order [Formula: see text] increases, upper bound of the relative entropy possibly increases. Relative entropy gets the maximum when nodes compared with isolated nodes. By quantifying the effect difference of the most similar nodes on the network structure and information propagation, we compared relative entropy of [Formula: see text]-order edge capacity with some major similarity methods in the experiments, combined with visual analysis. The results show the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mitigation strategy of cascading failures in urban traffic congestion based on complex networks
Authors: Yin Rongrong , Song Xudan
Published: July 2022

Urban road traffic network is becoming increasingly complex. The increasing travel demand has exceeded facility supply of transportation system. Thus, a scientific way of transportation can solve the problem of traffic congestion. If some central intersections are congested, the road network could easily lose its travel efficiency and further lead to cascading failure. In this regard, from the viewpoint of complex networks, this paper provides a cascading failure mitigation strategy for the urban road traffic network. A load redistribution strategy is represented which can redistribute congestion load reasonably. Random and intentional failures are simulated with MATLAB on Barabási and Albert (BA) scale-free network. The indices related to complex network of different methods are compared on BA network and part of the real road network in Baoding City. The load redistribution strategy in this paper is implemented combined with user equilibrium assignment, then the travel time related to urban road network is compared with another method on the Sioux Falls network. The simulation results suggest that when the capacity parameter reaches the threshold, further increase has little effect on the mitigation time. Comparisons of other mitigation approaches verify the effectiveness of our approach in lessening cascading failure caused by traffic congestion. The increase in total network travel time and additional delay by reason of load redistribution is acceptable.
An improved mesostructure construction method for precise modeling of polymer-bonded explosives
Authors: Yang Zihao , Zhao Chongnan , Zhang Jieqiong , Li Yiqiang
Published: July 2022

The polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) contain randomly distributed particles with irregular shapes, high volume fraction (greater than 90%) and gradation feature of size. The precise mesostructure modeling is essential to predict the mechanical properties of PBXs. This study proposes a Voronoi-based mesostructure modeling method of PBXs by considering the real characteristics of PBXs, which can meet both the requirements of high volume fraction and specified size gradation of explosive particles. The key point of the method is to place the particles generated by Monte Carlo method into the representative volume element of PBXs by proposing an improved random walking algorithm (RWA). In the improved RWA, a subregion-independent particle delivery criterion is introduced to enhance the placement efficiency, and an overlapping judgment criterion by tolerating slight overlaps between particles is applied to make the size of placed particles match the grading relationship better. Numerical examples have been provided to verify the correctness and efficiency of the proposed mesostructure modeling method.