bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Repressions at Leningrad State University
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belonogov Andrey L.
Published: February 2021

This article analyses socio-biographical characteristics of the Leningrad State University (LGU) teaching staff, subjected to political repressions from 1935 to 1938. It determines the scale of repressions in LGU during the abovementioned period as well as identifies the groups of University teachers who were exposed to the highest risk of being repressed, taking into consideration their social background, party membership, ethnic origin, position in the University ranks, affiliation with a certain faculty or department, and other socio-biographical characteristics. Thus “socio-demographic portrait” of an average LGU teacher subjected to political repressions is formed within the framework of the current study. Apart from that, the article discusses the course of investigation and court proceedings, defining under which paragraph of Article 58 of RSFSR Criminal Code LGU teachers were sued. It specifies to what extent the severity of the verdict depended upon pleading guilty or not guilty by the accused, and upon which judicial or extrajudicial body the case was heard. Evidential basis used by investigators, including physical evidence, denunciations, incriminations and self-incriminations are also examined within this study. The efforts of NKVD to “reclassify” meetings between groups of fellow professors as “counterrevolutionary collusions of terrorists” are also considered in the article. At the same time, the article attempts to estimate the level of physical and psychological pressure to which suspects were exposed in the course of the trial in order to obtain from them the testimony needed for the prosecution. The study also traces the fate of the convicted LGU professors, namely the likelihood of them becoming the victims of subsequent political repressions after serving the sentence.
Garden City: Everyday Life of the Sixties in the Soviet Social Memory
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS, Pushkareva Natalia L. , Zhidchenko Alexander V. ,   University of Kansas
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the history of Soviet urban everyday life at the turn of the 1950s — 1960s. and its reflection in the social memory of the inhabitants of Omsk, the problem of exploiting the enthusiasm of Soviet people during the years of the Khrushchev thaw. A forgotten episode in the history of urban housing construction in a Siberian city is associated with the socialist competition between Omsk and Leningrad in 1959 for the title of an exemplary Garden City. The very fact of the improvement of the urban environment by the forces of the townspeople and the method of socialist competition led to a lot of contradictions — between the general and the private, between free and paid, between the ideological and the real. And this historical episode revealed many aspects of the behavior of ordinary workers of the Soviet industrial city, with their explicit and hidden desires, aspirations, upbringing and the degree of “faith in a bright future”. The creation of a garden city by means of the public work of the residents became a significant idea that could unite everyone. It coincided with the very atmosphere of the “Khrushchev thaw” when the most daring ideas and projects were born and implemented. The study of the history of urban non-capital everyday life was carried out on materials of oral history (memoirs of the old residents of the city of Omsk), a large complex of archival sources, periodicals, etc.
A Beginning of Dialogue or an End of History?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Dvornichenko Andrey Yu.
Published: February 2021

At the beginning of his article the author postulates a general decline of culture nowadays which manifests itself in many kinds of arts, and also in the “art of History”. To the author’s dismay, the latter has been reduced to what can be called, according to Iu. I. Semenov, “istoriology”. Many historians now forget what history is, what an essence of scholar’s work is, what a scholar’s novelty is, and so on. To exemplify this tendency, the article concerns with the book recently published in Moscow. This monograph written by T. V. Chernikova consists of two books devoted to so called Europeanization of Russia. The first book focuses on the 15-16th centuries, and the second book — on the 17th century. This work is severely criticized in this review. The author shows that T. V. Chernikova does not explain the meaning of the word “Europeanization” and the essence of this notion. The author objects to the historiography and the sources in these books. However, the major criticism is concerned with the fact that historiography is not connected with the following text. The text itself based on a very limited range of scholarship and sources abounds in a large number of inaccuracies, errors and nonsense. Even this limited range of historiography the author of the books uses very originally. She simply retells some books or articles — sometimes she refers to them, sometimes — not! There is no academic novelty in the reviewed books, and their author does not understand what is “a historian’s craft” is. These books do not contribute to the scholarship at all.
Sustentabilidade da psicultura familiar na Amazônia Ocidental
Authors: Paes Diego Cristóvão Alves de Souza , Silva Tânia Nunes da
Published: February 2021

A Revolução Verde levou abundância a produção de alimentos, não sem causar impactos ambientais e sociais. A substituição de fontes de conhecimento democráticas – conhecimento local – por insumos tecnológicos intensivos em capital aumentou a eficiência e a previsibilidade na produção agrícola. Contudo, fontes locais de conhecimento, que subsidiam a produção rural em pequena escala, permanecem. Este artigo se propõe a analisar os impactos do conhecimento local para o desenvolvimento sustentável, usando para isso a análise o caso dos piscicultores familiares do Vale do Jamari-RO. A região é caracterizada por significativa participação na emergência da piscicultura de peixes nativos no Brasil, crescendo exponencialmente na última década. Os dados foram coletados de fontes primárias, através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com produtores e técnicos da região, de entrevistas abertas com diversos agentes da cadeia, além de visitas técnicas. A produção de peixes nativos ainda é relativamente recente e com baixa tecnologia produtiva, de forma que diversas tecnologias locais foram desenvolvidas através da experiência cotidiana e compartilhada entre os produtores. Dados levantados apontam que o conhecimento local impacta positivamente o desenvolvimento econômico, ao mesmo tempo em que apresenta positivos reflexos à comunidade, com reduzido stress ao meio ambiente.
A importância da inteligência artificial nos Tribunais Brasileiros para o direcionamento de Políticas Públicas Ambientais na Amazônia
Authors: Santana Ágatha Gonçalves , Teixeira Carla Noura , Moura Junior João Valério de
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho versa sobre os reflexos ocorridos a partir da quarta revolução industrial dentro do Poder Judiciário brasileiro, essencialmente a partir do uso da inteligência artificial e suas possibilidades, pela utilização dos dados sensíveis extraídos pelos sistemas de algoritmos programados a partir das ações propostas e catalogadas nos Tribunais do país no âmbito das políticas ambientais. O problema foca quais impactos essa mudança pode apresentar e como se pode obter melhorias na comunicação e estruturação de dados sensíveis para o direcionamento pontual das políticas ambientais e desenvolvimento de um Estado sustentável. Objetiva-se demonstrar que o uso dessas novas tecnologias pode acelerar estudos e ter um maior índice de acurácia, obtendo-se economia de tempo e capital, bem como uma melhoria na práxis. A metodologia predominante trata de pesquisa teórica de natureza básica, com objetivos exploratórios de natureza qualitativa, dentro da análise de procedimento documental, utilizando-se predominantemente a lógica dedutiva quando da análise da viabilidade e impactos estruturais da inteligência artificial nas políticas ambientais a partir de dados envolvendo ações judiciais. Conclui-se pela observação de uma viabilidade de desenvolvimento de políticas públicas ambientais para a Amazônia a partir dos dados sensíveis obtidos através da análise das ações ajuizadas referentes à danos e impactos ambientais, selecionados através dos algoritmos programados sobre o sistema do Processo Judicial Eletrônico.
A construção da identidade Quilombola na Amazônia
Authors: Luz Agatha Leticia Eugênio da , Azevedo Ana D’Arc Martins de , Chagas Junior Edgar Monteiro
Published: February 2021

Este artigo se debruça sobre e a partir da realidade do quilombo amazônico Guajará-Miri localizado no município de Acará no estado do Pará. Ancora-se nas questões que envolvem a identidade quilombola nas práticas escolares, considerando o envolvimento de moradores da comunidade na escola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo de abordagem qualitativa do tipo Estudo de Caso tendo como participantes: duas professoras e três moradores(as) do quilombo, sendo uma delas, professora aposentada e fundadora da primeira escola quilombola da comunidade. Os instrumentos de pesquisa utilizados foram: observações, conversas informais, entrevistas, levantamento bibliográfico e documental. A análise dos dados se deu pelo método crítico-dialético. Utilizou-se na análise dos dados o processo de categorização analítica. A pesquisa apontou, entre outros, os seguintes resultados: a relação identitária dos moradores com a escola a partir da mobilização coletiva em construí-la no Quilombo; os moradores e as professoras possuem com a escola um enlace afetivo produtores de sociabilidades que tem impulsionado o uso de estratégias inovadoras que notabilizam o pertencimento identitário e, com isso, uma melhoria na qualidade dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem no ambiente escolar.
Logística reversa e leis ambientais no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues João Augusto , Fenzl Norbert , Flores Maria do Socorro Almeida , Bittencourt Márcio Teixeira , Bastos Rodolpho Zahluth
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a relação entre as normas e leis ambientais e a reutilização de resíduos e tecnologias de logística reversa no Brasil. Uma revisão pelo método histórico-jurídico das leis, regulamentos e pontos de vista brasileiros em gestão ambiental através das políticas ambientais, mostra as melhorias e perspectivas de tecnologias avançadas de reciclagem e logística reversa, permitindo que as empresas aprimorem suas capacidades de reciclagem e melhorem sua imagem ambiental. Pode-se inferir que a logística reversa pode ser implementada por vários meios, mas requer basicamente regulamentos emitidos por órgãos do poder executivo. Conclui-se que essa é uma vantagem que deve ser aproveitada pelo setor empresarial, a fim de unir forças e oportunidades para lidar com a crescente quantidade enorme de resíduos e os impactos ambientais resultantes, ao mesmo tempo em que obtém resultados sociais e econômicos positivos dos investimentos.
Time management in the family environment and the impact of technology invasion on socio-emotional relationships during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Coutinho Mauro , Maestri de Oliveira Sue Anne Collares , Mendonça Junior João Paulo Vasconcelos , Chermont Galiza Patrizia Raphaela , Bentes de Almeida Poliana
Published: February 2021

Computer technologies have significantly evolved in their ways of interacting with humans. This article analyzes the effects of the large-scale invasion of ICTs in the lives of families in the Brazilian Amazon, assessing the impacts on their socio-emotional relationships. The analysis is based on two exploratory and predominantly qualitative studies conducted with families living in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, State of Pará, located in the Brazilian Amazon. One of the studies monitored 143 families daily during the period of confinement imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020. The second study surveyed 71 families, obtaining data on socio-emotional aspects. The findings point out a conservative behavior toward technology, even in the face of a radical behavior change in social interactions.
Gestão ambiental e impactos socioambientais na Amazônia
Authors: Farias André Luís Assunção de , Magno Thaissa Souza do Carmo , Freitas Marcus Robert Ferreira
Published: February 2021

Refletir sobre a gestão ambiental na Amazônia é um grande desafio. Quando o território é expropriado por grandes projetos, torna-se ainda mais complexo, como é o caso de Tucuruí. O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre Gestão ambiental e Impactos Socioambientais, problematizando os processos contraditórios de desenvolvimento em torno da UHE-Tucuruí. O método da pesquisa envolveu a vivência em Tucuruí pelos autores, consubstanciado em pesquisa de campo, entrevistas e observação direta com efetiva participação de gestores da área ambiental e movimentos sociais, a exemplo do Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens - MAB. Os principais resultados indicam a complexidade da gestão ambiental, em virtude dos impactos socioambientais do Grande Projeto UHE-Tucuruí envolverem diferentes sujeitos, vários níveis de governo e conflitos e processos multiescalares, colocando em xeque o almejado desenvolvimento. Daí falarmos em (des)envolvimento, na medida que há mudanças estruturais no pertencimento ao território, problemas de ordem urbana, social, econômica, política e ambiental.
Expediente
Authors: Lima Clóvis Ricardo Montenegro de
Published: February 2021

Expediente
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin Yapılandırmacı Yaklaşıma Dair Öz Yeterlik Algıları ve Buna Etki Eden Faktörlere İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: Bada Mustafa , Kırpık Cevdet
Published: February 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin yapılandırmacı yaklaşımı uygulamaya yönelik öz yeterlik algılarını ve bu algıları etkileyen durumları tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı Kayseri ilinde görev yapan 14 sosyal bilgiler öğretmenidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veri elde etmek amacıyla nitel araştırma tekniklerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu hazırlanmış ve sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleriyle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Örneklem seçimi için ise amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin yorumlanmasında kuramsal anlamda çok açık kuramsal temele sahip olan araştırmalarda kullanılan betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilere bakıldığında sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin genel olarak yapılandırmacı anlayış konusunda kendilerini yeterli görmedikleri anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin üniversitede çoğunlukla teorik eğitim aldıkları, uygulamalı etkinliklere yeterince yer verilmediği, staj eğitimlerinin yetersiz olduğu, deneyimli öğretmenlerin bu anlayıştan uzak olduğu, deneyimsiz öğretmenlerin ise farklı iş yükleri nedeniyle bu anlayışı uygulamaya vakit bulamadıkları, hizmet içi eğitimlerin amaca uygun olmayıp niteliksiz olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Postponing Motherhood: A Demographic and Contemporary Issue
Authors: Nazaré Patrícia Félix , Fernandes Pais Ana Sofia , Figueiredo-Dias Margarida
Published: February 2021

Background:

During the last decades, the postponement of motherhood became a reality in developed countries, leading to inevitable medical consequences, both maternal and fetal. Fertility preservation techniques constitute a matter of discussion in the context of voluntary delay of pregnancy.

Objective:

This study aims to analyse the causes, to address the maternal and fetal consequences and to explore solutions to this problem, namely the applicability of fertility preservation techniques.

Methods:

Bibliographic search of studies published between 2008 and 2020 was conducted in the PubMed database using the MeSH terms "fertility preservation" and "maternal age", among others.

Results:

The reasons that lead to the postponement of motherhood are the difficulty in establishing stable relationships, the expansion of differentiated education and demanding labor conditions, the diffusion of contraceptive methods, economic insecurity, ideational changes and the lack of information about this issue. The increased infertility, fetal death, chromosomal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, preterm birth and increased caesarean sections are the medical consequences associated. The review of social policies and the provision of information about fertility constitute possible solutions to this phenomenon. Fertility preservation techniques, especially oocyte cryopreservation, appear as an option but cannot totally compensate the age-related fertility decline.

Conclusion:

Advanced maternal age is a Public Health issue essentially explained by a set of interconnected social factors, involving considerable risks for maternal and fetal health. Fertility preservation techniques, although promising, may contribute to the perpetuation of this reality.
Study on Maternal and Neonatal Outcome of Women Undergoing Caesarean Section using NICE Classification in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rural Area of Central India - An Observational Prospective Study
Authors: Jain Shuchi M. , Thool Ketki , Jain Manish A. , Shivkumar Poonam V.
Published: February 2021

Background :

Caesarean section is often perceived to be safer than vaginal delivery for mothers and neonates, and thus has become increasingly common around the globe. However, it may actually be detrimental to maternal and neonatal health while consuming valuable resources.

Objective :

The objective of this study was to categorize the caesarean sections performed in our rural institute into various categories using NICE classification and to study the maternal and neonatal outcome in them.

Method :

This was a prospective study of all women who underwent caesarean section over a period of 18 months. Data was retrieved from the files of women for morbiditiy and mortality in mothers and babies. Data was entered in MS excel sheet and analyzed with percentages and chi square test using SPSS ver.17.

Results:

Caesarean section rate (CSR) was 36.88%. All CS were classified into four categories based on urgency as per NICE guidelines. There were 22.62% women in Category I, 38.61% in category II, 28.37% in category III and 10.40% in Category IV. Adhesions, extension of angle, lacerations in lower segment, scar dehiscence, atonic PPH and bladder injury were noted in (12.83%), 11.81%, 6.83%, 4.08% , 1.53% and 0.08% CS respectively. Caesarean hysterectomy was done in 0.24% cases. Postoperative morbidity was febrile morbidity (11.93%), postdural puncture headache (13.85%), paralytic ileus (11.49%), wound infection (8.83%), ARDS (0.70%), sepsis (0.78%), pulmonary edema (0.47%) and pulmonary embolism (0.03%). Maternal mortality was 0.03%. Neonates born were 2577 (29 were twin deliveries). 82.46% neonates were healthy, 16.80% had morbidities and 0.74% were still born. Apgar score of less than 7 was in 10%. 16.80% neonates were admitted in NICU during their hospital stay. Neonatal mortality was 1.47%.

Conclusion :

Intraoperative and post-operative complication were more in caesarean sections of category I and II as compared to category III and category IV. Neonatal morbidity, mortality and admissions to NICU were more in caesarean sections of category I and II as compared to category III and category IV. Thus though caesarean section is an emergency lifesaving procedure for mother and baby it may prove detrimental to their health.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Update and Review
Authors: Chacón-Camacho Oscar Francisco , Pozo-Molina Glustein , Méndez-Catalá Claudia Fabiola , Reyes-Reali Julia , Méndez-Cruz René , Zenteno Juan Carlos
Published: February 2021

Knowledge of epidemiology, genetic etiopathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and management of familial hypercholesterolemia have increased in the last two decades. Several population studies have shown that familial hypercholesterolemia is more frequent than previously thought, making this entity the most common metabolic disease with monogenic inheritence in the world. Identification of causal heterozygous pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes have increased diagnostic accuracy of classical criteria (extreme hypercholesterolemia, personal / family history of premature coronary artery disease or other cardiovascular disease). Genetic screening has been recently introduced in many European countries to detect patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, mainly affected pediatric subjects, asymptomatic or those at the beggining of their disease, with the purpose of increasing surveillance and avoiding complications such as cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol-lowering drugs should be started as soon as the diagnosis is made. Various combinations between drugs can be used when the goal is not achieved. New therapies, including small interference ribonucleic acids (siRNA) are being tested in different clinical trials.
Clinical Case of Organic Pseudopsychopathic Disorder in a Teenager in Terms of Differential Diagnostics with Childhood Schizophrenia
Authors: Darin Evgeny
Published: February 2021

Background:

Organic personality disorder is one of the most pressing problems
of modern practical psychiatry due to the multifactorial etiology of this pathology, the variety
of clinical symptoms, and the complexity of differential diagnosis.

Results:

The clinical analysis of a difficult-to-diagnose case of a 13-year-old girl who committed
an act of criminal aggression is presented. Based on anamnesis data, examination
data, analysis of the features of psychopathological symptoms, and dynamic clinical observation,
the final diagnosis of “Organic pseudopsychopathic personality disorder due to
mixed causes (perinatal factors and traumatic brain injury), with significant behavioral disorders
requiring treatment, with schizophrenic symptoms” was made. It was initially mistaken
for the childhood form of schizophrenia based on the clinical pattern and complaints.

Methods:

The results of the patient’s clinical examination using a complex of psychodiagnostic
techniques, instrumental research methods, observation data in the department, and an
analysis of the patient’s anamnesis are presented.

Conclusion:

The main stages of diagnosis, the course of the study, the difficulties in the
differential diagnosis, and the key insights that played a role in substantiating the diagnosis
are highlighted.
Магнитные и магнитокалорические эффекты в системах с реверсивными переходами первого рода
Authors: Вальков В.И. , Каменев В.И. , Головчан А.В. , Грибанов И.Ф. , Коледов В.В. , Шавров В.Г. , Митюк В.И. , Дуда П.
Published: February 2021

Within the framework of the model of interacting parameters of magnetic and structural orders, a theoretical analysis of magnetostructural reversible first-order phase transitions is carried out. Reversible phase transitions are characterized by a jump-like appearance of magnetic order with decreasing temperature (as in a first-order phase transition), and with a reverse increase in temperature, the magnetic order gradually disappears (as in a second-order phase transition). Such transitions are observed in some alloys of the Mn_{1-x}Cr_{x}NiGe magnetocaloric system under pressure (x = 0.11) and without (x = 0.18) and are accompanied by specific magnetic and magnetocaloric features. A phenomenological description of these features is carried out within the concept of a soft mode for the structural subsystem undergoing first-order structural phase transition (P6_{3}/mmc-P_{nma}) and the Heisenberg model for the spin subsystem. For systems with magnetostructural instability within the molecular field approximation for the spin subsystem and the shifted harmonic oscillator approximation for the lattice subsystem, it is shown that the reversible phase transitions arise when the temperature of magnetic disordering is in the temperature hysteresis region of the 1st order structural phase transition P6_{3}/mmc-P_{nma}. It is also shown that the two-peak form of the isothermal entropy, which is characteristic of reversible transitions, is due to the separation of the structural and magnetic entropy contributions.
Эволюция квантования Ландау спектра спинонных пар в слабом мотовском диэлектрике La-=SUB=-0.15-=/SUB=-Sm-=SUB=-0.85-=/SUB=-MnO-=SUB=-3+delta-=/SUB=- со спинонной поверхностью Ферми с ростом температуры и напряженности магнитного поля
Authors: Буханько Ф.Н. , Буханько А.Ф.
Published: February 2021

Measurements of the magnetization temperature dependences of La0.15Sm0.85MnO3+δ in the temperature range 4.2 - 100 K revealed a threshold magnetization feature near the temperature Td 50 K, associated with the existence of a small pseudogap Δe in the electron spectrum, which is characteristic of a weak Mott dielectric. An increase in the strength H of the external magnetic field leads to suppression of the dielectric pseudogap Δe, an increase in the density of states of free charge/ spin carriers at EF, and transformation of the charge/spin density waves fragments. A quantization of the pairs spectrum of the low-energy magnetic excitations of a Z2 quantum spin liquid in the form of spinon-gauge field composite quasiparticles was found in the temperature range 4.2 - 12 K. Formation of a continuous spectrum of the quantum spin liquid excitations in the regime of “weak magnetic fields” Н = 100 Oe, 350 Oe, 1 kOe is explained within the framework of the Landau quantization models of the spectrum of composite quasiparticles with fractional values of the factor ν filling of three overlapping Landau zones.. In the regime of a “strong external magnetic field” H = 3.5 kOe, the new quantum oscillations of the temperature dependences of the magnetization of an incompressible spinon liquid were founded in the form of three narrow steps (plateaus) corresponding to the complete filling of non-overlapping Landau zones with integer values of the filling factor by spinons.
Экситонная люминесценция двойных монослоев CdTe в матрице ZnTe
Authors: Агекян В.Ф. , Серов А.Ю. , Философов Н.Г. , Karczewski G.
Published: February 2021

A series of ZnTe matrix containing two CdTe monolayers separated by barrier layers of different thicknesses is studied. The dependences of the energies of the exciton emission bands related to the CdTe monolayers, their relative intensities, and temperature behavior on the thickness of the ZnTe barrier layer are determined. It is established that CdTe monolayers can be considered independent of each other with a barrier layer thickness of more than 30 monolayers.
Pointwise residual method for solving primal and dual ill-posed linear programming problems with approximate data
Authors: Ivanitskiy A. Y. , Ejov V. V. , Vasilyev F. P.
Published: February 2021

We propose a variation of the pointwise residual method for solving primal and dual ill-posed linear programming with approximate data, sensitive to small perturbations. The method leads to an auxiliary problem, which is also a linear programming problem. Theorems of existence and convergence of approximate solutions are established and optimal estimates of approximation of initial problem solutions are achieved.
doi:10.1017/S1446181120000243
Manejo Integrado de Plagas (MIP) en el cultivo de plátano (Musa AAB)
Authors: Bautista Montealegre Luis Gabriel , Cardona William Andrés , Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Esta cartilla es una herramienta para fortalecer las capacidades de productores y asistentes técnicos relacionados con el sistema productivo de plátano. Específicamente, se describen las diferentes plagas asociadas al cultivo de plátano, su identificación, métodos de manejo y control. Estas recomendaciones servirán para mejorar la toma de decisiones técnicas en el cultivo y potenciar su desempeño
A Patient-Initiated Digital COVID-19 Contact Notification Tool (TellYourContacts): Evaluation Study
Authors: Okpara Kelechi S , Hecht Jennifer , Wohlfeiler Dan , Prior Matthew , Klausner Jeffrey D
Published: February 2021

Background

Contact notification is a method used to control the spread of infectious disease. In this process, a patient who tests positive for an infectious disease and public health officials work to identify the patient’s close contacts, notify them of their risk of possible exposure to the disease, and provide resources to facilitate the decreased spreading of disease. Contact notification can be done physically in person, via phone call, or digitally through the use of media such as SMS text messages and email. When alerts are made through the latter, it is called digital contact notification.

Objective

For this study, we aim to perform a preliminary evaluation of the use of the TellYourContacts website, a digital contact notification tool for COVID-19 that can be used confidentially and anonymously. We will gather information about the number of website users and message senders, the types of messages sent, and the geographic distribution of senders.

Methods

Patients who chose to get tested for COVID-19 and subsequently tested positive for the disease were alerted of their positive results through Curative Inc (a COVID-19 testing laboratory) and Healthvana (a results disclosure app). Included in the notification was a link to the TellYourContacts website and a message encouraging the person who tested positive for COVID-19 to use the website to alert their close contacts of exposure risk. Over the course of three months, from May 18, 2020, to August 17, 2020, we used Google Analytics and Microsoft Excel to record data on the number of website users and message senders, types of messages sent, and geographic distribution of the senders.

Results

Over the course of three months, 9130 users accessed the website and 1474 unique senders sent a total of 1957 messages, which included 1820 (93%) SMS text messages and 137 (7%) emails. Users sent messages from 40 US states, with the majority of US senders residing in California (49%).

Conclusions

We set out to determine if individuals who test positive for COVID-19 will use the TellYourContacts website to notify their close contacts of COVID-19 exposure risk. Our findings reveal that, during the observation period, each unique sender sent an average of 1.33 messages. The TellYourContacts website offers an additional method that individuals can and will use to notify their close contacts about a recent COVID-19 diagnosis.
Identifying Myocardial Infarction Using Hierarchical Template Matching–Based Myocardial Strain: Algorithm Development and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bhalodiya Jayendra Maganbhai , Palit Arnab , Giblin Gerard , Tiwari Manoj Kumar , Prasad Sanjay K , Bhudia Sunil K , Arvanitis Theodoros N , Williams Mark A
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Myocardial infarction (MI; location and extent of infarction) can be determined by late enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, which requires the injection of a potentially harmful gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA). Alternatively, emerging research in the area of myocardial strain has shown potential to identify MI using strain values.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify the location of MI by developing an applied algorithmic method of circumferential strain (CS) values, which are derived through a novel hierarchical template matching (HTM) method.

METHODS

HTM-based CS H-spread from end-diastole to end-systole was used to develop an applied method. Grid-tagging magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate strain values in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, followed by the 16-segment American Heart Association model. The data set was used with k-fold cross-validation to estimate the percentage reduction of H-spread among infarcted and noninfarcted LV segments. A total of 43 participants (38 MI and 5 healthy) who underwent CMR imaging were retrospectively selected. Infarcted segments detected by using this method were validated by comparison with late enhancement CMR, and the diagnostic performance of the applied algorithmic method was evaluated with a receiver operating characteristic curve test.

RESULTS

The H-spread of the CS was reduced in infarcted segments compared with noninfarcted segments of the LV. The reductions were 30% in basal segments, 30% in midventricular segments, and 20% in apical LV segments. The diagnostic accuracy of detection, using the reported method, was represented by area under the curve values, which were 0.85, 0.82, and 0.87 for basal, midventricular, and apical slices, respectively, demonstrating good agreement with the late-gadolinium enhancement–based detections.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed applied algorithmic method has the potential to accurately identify the location of infarcted LV segments without the administration of late-gadolinium enhancement. Such an approach adds the potential to safely identify MI, potentially reduce patient scanning time, and extend the utility of CMR in patients who are contraindicated for the use of GBCA.
A Machine Learning Prediction Model of Respiratory Failure Within 48 Hours of Patient Admission for COVID-19: Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Bolourani Siavash , Brenner Max , Wang Ping , McGinn Thomas , Hirsch Jamie S , Barnaby Douglas , Zanos Theodoros P ,   Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Predicting early respiratory failure due to COVID-19 can help triage patients to higher levels of care, allocate scarce resources, and reduce morbidity and mortality by appropriately monitoring and treating the patients at greatest risk for deterioration. Given the complexity of COVID-19, machine learning approaches may support clinical decision making for patients with this disease.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective is to derive a machine learning model that predicts respiratory failure within 48 hours of admission based on data from the emergency department.

METHODS

Data were collected from patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Northwell Health acute care hospitals and were discharged, died, or spent a minimum of 48 hours in the hospital between March 1 and May 11, 2020. Of 11,525 patients, 933 (8.1%) were placed on invasive mechanical ventilation within 48 hours of admission. Variables used by the models included clinical and laboratory data commonly collected in the emergency department. We trained and validated three predictive models (two based on XGBoost and one that used logistic regression) using cross-hospital validation. We compared model performance among all three models as well as an established early warning score (Modified Early Warning Score) using receiver operating characteristic curves, precision-recall curves, and other metrics.

RESULTS

The XGBoost model had the highest mean accuracy (0.919; area under the curve=0.77), outperforming the other two models as well as the Modified Early Warning Score. Important predictor variables included the type of oxygen delivery used in the emergency department, patient age, Emergency Severity Index level, respiratory rate, serum lactate, and demographic characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS

The XGBoost model had high predictive accuracy, outperforming other early warning scores. The clinical plausibility and predictive ability of XGBoost suggest that the model could be used to predict 48-hour respiratory failure in admitted patients with COVID-19.
Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Medicine: Analysis of the Scientific Literature (Preprint)
Authors: Yeung Andy Wai Kan , Tosevska Anela , Klager Elisabeth , Eibensteiner Fabian , Laxar Daniel , Stoyanov Jivko , Glisic Marija , Zeiner Sebastian , Kulnik Stefan Tino , Crutzen Rik , Kimberger Oliver , Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Atanasov Atanas G , Willschke Harald
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have recently become popular research themes. However, there are no published bibliometric reports that have analyzed the corresponding scientific literature in relation to the application of these technologies in medicine.

OBJECTIVE

We used a bibliometric approach to identify and analyze the scientific literature on VR and AR research in medicine, revealing the popular research topics, key authors, scientific institutions, countries, and journals. We further aimed to capture and describe the themes and medical conditions most commonly investigated by VR and AR research.

METHODS

The Web of Science electronic database was searched to identify relevant papers on VR research in medicine. Basic publication and citation data were acquired using the “Analyze” and “Create Citation Report” functions of the database. Complete bibliographic data were exported to VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, dedicated bibliometric software packages, for further analyses. Visualization maps were generated to illustrate the recurring keywords and words mentioned in the titles and abstracts.

RESULTS

The analysis was based on data from 8399 papers. Major research themes were diagnostic and surgical procedures, as well as rehabilitation. Commonly studied medical conditions were pain, stroke, anxiety, depression, fear, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Overall, contributions to the literature were globally distributed with heaviest contributions from the United States and United Kingdom. Studies from more clinically related research areas such as surgery, psychology, neurosciences, and rehabilitation had higher average numbers of citations than studies from computer sciences and engineering.

CONCLUSIONS

The conducted bibliometric analysis unequivocally reveals the versatile emerging applications of VR and AR in medicine. With the further maturation of the technology and improved accessibility in countries where VR and AR research is strong, we expect it to have a marked impact on clinical practice and in the life of patients.
SIMPLE FRAMEWORK based Medication Adherence: Challenges and Opportunities (Preprint)
Authors: Sneha Sweta , Shahriar Hossain , Sogbesan Evbusogie
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

This paper reviews literature on medication adherence measures and expands upon Atreja, Bellam, and Levy's SIMPLE framework to close gaps in medication adherence [1]. The criteria for literary analysis is based on the application of support- and technology-based interventions. This extensive study pulled research from Google Scholar, PubMed, MedSpace, Sage, and Science Direct to update the SIMPLE framework and further outline opportunities and challenges in medication adherence.

OBJECTIVE

The application of support- and technology-based interventions are a necessary aspect of the SIMPLE framework. Support-based interventions focus on the relationship between providers and patients. Technology-based interventions discuss the adherence-improving opportunities available in health information technology and the Internet of Things.

METHODS

The mnemonic SIMPLE represents six guidelines that healthcare professionals may use to encourage patient compliance in pharmacotherapy: Simplify medication regimens, Impart knowledge, Modify patient beliefs, Patient communication, Leave the bias, and Evaluate adherence. This paper expands upon the SIMPLE guidelines and proposes challenges and opportunities that must be overcome when considering the interventions utilized in the framework.

RESULTS

Utilizing the SIMPLE framework in conjunction with support-based interventions and technology-based interventions will go far in improving medication adherence and, by extension, overall health outcomes. However, challenges such as patient health literacy and the costs of technological advancements must be overcome before adherence can be attained.

CONCLUSIONS

The SIMPLE framework, along with the support- and technology-based interventions, will be incredibly helpful in encouraging patients to take their medications and adhere to their treatment plans as set by their physicians. However, it is also important to remember that there are still challenges to overcome, such as clinicians' and patients’ willingness (or lack thereof) to change or adapt to all that the enhanced SIMPLE framework has to offer.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable.
Health Equity in Artificial Intelligence and Primary Care Research: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Jonathan Xin , Somani Sulaiman , Chen Jonathan H , Murray Sara , Sarkar Urmimala
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Though artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to augment the patient-physician relationship in primary care, bias in intelligent health care systems has the potential to differentially impact vulnerable patient populations.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the extent to which AI systems in primary care examine the inherent bias toward or against vulnerable populations and appraise how these systems have mitigated the impact of such biases during their development.

METHODS

We will conduct a search update from an existing scoping review to identify studies on AI and primary care in the following databases: Medline-OVID, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, MathSciNet, AAAI, and arXiv. Two screeners will independently review all abstracts, titles, and full-text articles. The team will extract data using a structured data extraction form and synthesize the results in accordance with PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.

RESULTS

This review will provide an assessment of the current state of health care equity within AI for primary care. Specifically, we will identify the degree to which vulnerable patients have been included, assess how bias is interpreted and documented, and understand the extent to which harmful biases are addressed. As of October 2020, the scoping review is in the title- and abstract-screening stage. The results are expected to be submitted for publication in fall 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

AI applications in primary care are becoming an increasingly common tool in health care delivery and in preventative care efforts for underserved populations. This scoping review would potentially show the extent to which studies on AI in primary care employ a health equity lens and take steps to mitigate bias.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/27799
Mobile App for Parental Empowerment for Caregivers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Prospective Open Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Bonnot Olivier , Adrien Vladimir , Venelle Veronique , Bonneau Dominique , Gollier-Briant Fanny , Mouchabac Stephane
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Conflicting data emerge from literature regarding the actual use of smartphone apps in medicine; some considered the introduction of smartphone apps in medicine to be a breakthrough, while others suggested that, in real-life, the use of smartphone apps in medicine is disappointingly low. Yet, digital tools become more present in medicine daily. To empower parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder, we developed the Smartautism smartphone app, which asks questions and provides feedback, using a screen with simple curves.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate usage of the app by caregivers of individuals with autism spectrum disorders.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective longitudinal exploratory open study with families that have a child with autism spectrum disorder. Data were recorded over a period of 6 months, and the outcome criteria were (1) overall response rates for a feedback screen and qualitative questionnaires, and (2) response rates by degree of completion and by user interest, based on attrition.

RESULTS

Participants (n=65) had a very high intent to use the app during the 6-month period (3698/3900 instances, 94.8%); however, secondary analysis showed that only 46% of participants (30/65) had constant response rates over 50%. Interestingly, these users were characterized by higher use and satisfaction with the feedback screen when compared to low (P<.001) and moderate (P=.007) users.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that real or perceived utility is an important incentive for parents who use empowerment smartphone apps.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012135
Recomendaciones de política pública de nanociencia y nanotecnología en México: privilegiar el bienestar humano y ambiental
Authors: Tanaka Laura Saldívar
Published: February 2021

El presente texto muestra una serie de recomendaciones orientadas a garantizar la seguridad y salud socioambiental. Se considera que estas recomendaciones deberían integrarse a una política pública en materia de nanociencia (NC) y nanotecnología (NT). En primera instancia, proponemos una introducción y una justificación del porqué en México es necesario adoptar este tipo de medidas, para, más adelante, hacer una exposición del contexto internacional que es necesario considerar. Por último, se presentan doce recomendaciones, incluyendo argumentos explicativos y algunos ejemplos de otros países.
Structural Model of Work-Life Balance Effect on Nurse Work Engagement
Authors: Idulfilastri Rita Markus , Chan Rosyeni , Putri Dhindayanti
Published: February 2021

Introduction: High job demands can cause problems for nurses, increased stress levels, burnout, and even turnover which results in decreased performance. Conditions of work-life balance that are not aligned may reduce work attachments. Objectives: to examine the structural model of the effect of work-life balance on work engagement. Methods: The research participants were 120 nurses, diploma graduates or nurses who were actively working in the field of nursing and living with their families. Data were obtained by using the UWES-9 questionnaire and the Industrial Society's Work-Life. Data processing used the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method, namely testing the measurement model with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and testing the structural model with SEM methods with the LISREL 8.8.0 program. Results: The structural model produces a work-life balance of 8 valid items, 3 valid items to the vigor dimension, 3 valid items dedication dimension and 2 valid items absorption dimensions. Work-life balance as a predictor has an effect on work attachment but is still weak (γ = 0.29; sig; R2 = 8%). The work-life of nurses is not yet balanced and it is proven that nurses find it difficult to find time to relax, and maintain relationships with friends and relatives. Nurses perceive their work as very meaningful and it is proven by their strong dedication. Conclusions: The structural model has a fit model, that work-life balance is still weak and has not been able to influence work engagement. Nurses work because of their strong dedication to their work.