bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory, Historiography, and “Memorial Paradigm”: On the Role of Historical Memory in Specific Situations [Review: The Past for the Present: Historical Memory and Narratives of National Identity: A Collective Monograph. Repina L.P. (Ed.). Moscow, Akvilon, 2020. (In Russian)]
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Martynov D.E. , Myagkov G.P. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Kazan Innovative University named after V.G. Timiryasov, Kazan, 420111 Russia
Published: March 2021

The paper reviews the collective monograph published by the Center for Intellectual History of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IWH RAS). The reviewers consider the theoretical and factual information presented in the monograph in the context of the analysis of both general and specific characteristics of historical memory. The study of historical memory is possible through the analysis of specific political and intellectual practices of the era of early and mature modernity. The use of J. Rusen’s methodology was justified. According to this methodology, historical memory can be regarded as an “unconscious ideology,” which will inevitably be mythological, because it links the memories of an individual with an integral image of the past. From the aforesaid, it may be seen that the compound term “past – for – present”, which expresses the direction of historical memory, can be introduced. The term is reflected in the title of the monograph under review. The substantive features of strategies for the development of historical memory based on ideologemes were considered by the authors using the example of Russia, Great Britain, Poland (the ideology of Sarmatism), and Bolivia (the ideology of Indianism).
Social Characteristics of Animals as Perceived by Residents of the Medieval Volga Region
Authors:   Udmurt Institute of History, Language, and Literature, UdmFRC, Ural Branch,  Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, 426004 Russia, Puzanov D.V.
Published: March 2021

Using theoretical developments in the field of anthropology of nature, the problem of perception of social bonds in beavers and other animals by residents of the Volga region was considered. It was noted that Abu Khamida al-Garnati’s description of the beaver community clearly goes back to the ideas of merchants of Aru or Volga Bulgaria. This type of perception of the animate nature is closer to the culture of Islamic civilizations, rather than animism. In Abu Khamida al-Garnati’s view, beavers were devoid of obvious cultural attributes, even such elements of animal culture that were recognized in the Islamic world. However, the strict opposition of the natural and social aspects in the modern world makes researchers see in this message something that is not in it. Nowadays, Abu Khamida al-Garnati’s message about beavers is commonly perceived as partly reliable or fantastic, but not because beavers were overhumanized (as researchers say). The reason is the peculiarities of functioning of the system, in which beavers, communities that hunted them, and countries of the East formed a single social network.
Reception of Antiquity through Flemish Tapestries of the 15th–16th Centuries (Based on the Collection of the State Hermitage Museum)
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia, Manokhina M.A.
Published: March 2021

The problem of reception of the antiquity through tapestries in the Russian historiography was considered. Using as an example the Flemish tapestries of the 15th–16th centuries from the Collection of the State Hermitage Museum, the transformation and popularity of ancient motifs in this art form were demonstrated, as well as their special role in the propaganda of power, high social status, and wealth. The following main elements of tapestries were analyzed: subjects, characters, costumes, and Latin banderoles. The methodology of tapestry analysis is similar to the one used by structuralists: an additional link (customer) is introduced in the author – text – reader research field. The subjects of the tapestries were compared with the plots of the corresponding ancient literary sources. As a result, it was concluded about different perception of the antiquity in the literature and fine arts. Tapestries reflect the attitude of customers to the political reality of that time. The Northern Renaissance and how it was influenced by the ideas of humanists embodied in the tapestries was discussed.
Industrial Revolution in the United States and Its Impact on the Relationship between the North and the South
Authors:   Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, 424000 Russia, Taigildin A.V.
Published: March 2021

The impact of the industrial revolution in the United States on the relationship between its two economic and political regions – the North and the South – was discussed. In the first half of the 19th century, the interests of some regions diverged as the country proceeded with its economic development. This turned out to be a primary cause of contradictions between the North and the South that led to the Civil War of 1861–1865. The development of trade, industry, and transport system during the period under consideration was analyzed. Their role in the conflict was revealed. Special attention was paid to the land question, around which the disputes among industrialists of the North, farmers, and plantation owners of the South revolved. The problem of slavery as a reason for the disagreement between the two regions was emphasized. Based on the literature data, it was shown that the issue of slavery was a minor one. It was used to merely provide cover for the actual economic problems. The conclusion was made that the industrial revolution in the United States triggered political changes, which resulted in the formation of the Republican Party and in the split within the Democratic Party.
Rehabilitation the União Bridge by stay-cable system
Authors: Almeida Pedro , Andrade Pádua
Published: March 2021

The collapse of the intermediate part the União Bridge on April 6, 2019 interrupted the operation of the main road system of Belem, the most important metropolitan of the Northern state of Para, Brazil. In order to reduce the socioeconomic impacts to the region, the Secretary of Transport immediately carried out the construction of the 268m stay cable bridge to rehabilitation this transportation system. This solution had the advantage of a single mast in the middle of the collapse span, in a position where there were no bents and foundations of the original construction, accelerating the construction. Besides, the stay-cable structural system also has great kinetic energy dissipation capacity from large impacts, being an addition to the robustness introduced by mast foundations and the redundancy of the stay cables system.
Ice-shedding and aerodynamic investigations of bridge cables with steel wire meshes
Authors: Matejicka Lubomir , Georgakis Christos T. , Koss Holger H. , Egger Philipp
Published: March 2021

Numerous cable-supported bridges in cold climate regions are prone to seasonal ice or snow shedding, primarily from the bridge cables. Specific atmospheric conditions are required to trigger this phenomenon, which often results in dangerously sized pieces of ice or snow falling off the cables on the bridge deck below. Ice or snow shedding events that have led to bridge closures and insurance claims have been increasingly reported throughout the world in the past two decades. In this paper, a recently developed passive solution in the form of a steel wire mesh, which can be effectively used on new as well as on existing bridges, is introduced. Despite having a higher drag coefficient than the conventional helically filleted cable surface, the wire mesh is capable of retaining the ice on the surface of the cable for an extended time. This leads to prolonged ice melting and fragmentation of the ice before or during shedding, thus achieving a substantial risk reduction.
Structural tests on 43- and 45-year-old pre-stressed concrete bridge for reinforcement effect of PSC-I girders reinforced by external strand tendons
Authors: Kim Hyun-Joong , Park Young Suk , Kim Chul Young , Kwon Seung Hee , Seong Yeong Hun
Published: March 2021

In this study, the flexural behavior of pre-stressed concrete-I (PSC-I) girders was investigated to intuitively and more accurately evaluate the structural behavior and load-carrying capacity increase of PSC-I girder bridges more than 40 years old and reinforced by the external pre-stressing (PS) tendon reinforcement method. Many bridges in South Korea, which were constructed after the 1960s, exhibit a significantly low load-carrying capacity due to aging and the application of loads that are different from originally designed loads. To improve the load-carrying capacity and working load of these old bridges, reinforcement methods that use external PS tendons have been conventionally used. However, the evaluation of the load-carrying capacity of a bridge and the calculation of the number of external tendons for reinforcement are performed through the vehicle load test within the working load range of the bridge. Most of the studies conducted so far have been limited to the calculation of the loss of the members required for the reinforcement of the bridge or their structural behavior. In this study, a flexural failure verification experiment was performed on PSC-I girder bridges that were constructed based on the standard design of the 1960s to verify the reinforcement effect of PS tendons. The target of the experiment was the girders of PSC-I girder bridges designed more than 40 years ago based on the working loads of DB-18 and DB- 24.
Enhancing the application potential of dissipative controlled rocking connections through detailing and design
Authors: McHaffie Brandon , Routledge Peter , Palermo Alessandro
Published: March 2021

Research on low-damage systems has been significant in the past decade. These systems combine post- tensioning, which provides self-centring; and typically use replaceable devices, which give energy dissipation. WSP has used recent research, carried out at the University of Canterbury, on low-damage bridge piers and applied this into a real structure – the Wigram-Magdala Link Bridge. This is believed to be the first bridge in New Zealand and possibly worldwide to adopt such a system. Given this was the first application of the system to a real structure, there were some valuable learnings during design and construction. Firstly, the application of axial dissipaters has some limitations due to available material sizes, construction difficulty and aesthetics. Secondly, there is still some additional cost and complexity associated with using the low-damage system. Given these difficulties, this paper presents an alternative design philosophy which better captures the benefits of the low-damage system, which include cost-effective repair method, controlled damage and additional robustness and resilience. The alternative design philosophy presented is expected to result in reduced construction costs by reducing pier and foundation demands. Peak displacements and forces will be compared to the results from non-linear time history analysis to verify the performance of the low-damage connection using scaled ground motions. Furthermore, the paper will present the possible application of an alternative dissipation device, the lead extrusion damper, which can further improve the performance of low-damage connections.
Extending span ranges and accelerating construction of spread slab beam bridges
Authors: Jiang Dongqi
Published: March 2021

A new class of spread slab beam bridges has recently been developed and implemented in Texas. The research questions addressed in this paper are: how long can such a low profile bridge system span in either a simply supported or continuous form? And, can construction operations be accelerated, by design? An effective way to extend the span length is to utilize post-tensioning and to make the bridge continuous over several spans. In order to explore the maximum span limit, the design of a multi-span prestressed concrete spread slab beam bridge is investigated. In addition, a thicker and longer precast prestressed concrete panels (PCPs) that uses concentric pre-tensioned prestress is developed to facilitate accelerated bridge construction by reducing the need for field placement of deck reinforcement. It is shown that the span length may be extended from 15 m to 21 m as a continuous shallow profile bridge. The new solution for PCPs is verified to speed up field operations as compared to the traditional deck with stay-in-place PCPs and cast-in-place toppings.
Strengthening strategies of highway viaducts in Germany
Authors: Novák Balthasar , Boros Vazul , Reinhard Jochen
Published: March 2021

An entire generation of reinforced concrete highway bridges built in the post-war period in Germany meanwhile is approaching the end of their service life. The federal government and regional highway administrations have realized the need to repair, strengthen or to replace these structures and engage in extensive infrastructural investments to meet this challenge. It is not possible to replace those bridges in a short period, so that a guideline for reassessment of bridges has been developed to enable to prioritize the structures. Besides the replacement of the bridges, measures need to be taken in order to extend the lifespan of the decaying bridges until such replacement becomes available. Using the examples of four major highway viaducts near Frankfurt/Main and Hamburg efficient strategies to strengthen existing structures will be presented.

In the first example the efficient usage of external tendons to reduce the danger of a fatigue induced failure of a 50 years old prestressed concrete bridge will be presented.

A bridge of five spans with a total length of approximately 300 m showing inadequate shear resistance has been enhanced by installing inclined steel struts at the pillars. The struts are activated with a predefined force by built-in hydraulic jacks, while special spring elements used as supports reduce the effect of imposed deformations. Furthermore in critical areas of the webs additional shear reinforcement is mounted and subsequently covered by a concrete layer.

Another large viaduct was showing signs of fatigue at the coupling joints. A detailed analysis of the structure revealed, that the lifespan could be sufficiently prolonged by supporting the critical coupling joints with a predetermined force. The magnitude of the force is maintained constant by a balanced beam resembling a seesaw, which is mounted on a steel tower and fitted at its opposite end with counterweights.

The final example shows how to apply controlled uplift forces using an elastic bedded supporting beam construction.

These realized examples demonstrate, how with smart and intelligent measures critical bridges can be strengthened and an essential increase in lifespan can be achieved.
Experiences from the wind-tunnel testing of the Hardanger Bridge section model
Authors: Siedziako Bartosz , Øiseth Ole
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an overview of the lessons learned and results from the extensive wind tunnel testing of the Hardanger bridge using a new experimental setup. Special attention is given to the reliability of wind tunnel results, the validity of the superposition principle, the presence of higher- order effects, and the importance of horizontal motion.
Using heterogeneous measurement data to update the corrosion degree in bridge girders
Authors: Vereecken Eline , Botte Wouter , Caspeele Robby , Lombaert Geert
Published: March 2021

Existing concrete bridges can show signs of deterioration, e.g. due to corrosion, in which case the question arises whether these bridges still have an acceptable safety level. To obtain additional information about the state of the structure, different types of information can be gathered. However, the measurements performed are often not used directly to update the estimate of the corrosion degree of the bridge and the resulting information from different measurement types is not combined. In this contribution, it is investigated how parameters of the service life models for concrete girders subjected to chloride-induced corrosion can be updated based on heterogeneous measurement data, with the focus on modal measurements and strain measurements. The posterior distributions of these parameters are generated based on Bayesian updating. These updated distributions can be used to get a more accurate estimate of the real deterioration state of the bridge. Based on this, the failure probability of the bridge and its remaining service life can be estimated more accurately.
Wind self-excited force models suited for floating bridges
Authors: Papinutti Mitja , Øiseth Ole , Aas-Jakobsen Ketil
Published: March 2021

The conceptual design of any floating bridge requires detailed investigations of its dynamic responses to achieve safe and reliable structures. Floating structures are subject to dynamic excitations due to wind or wave loads. Low structural damping is expected for long-span floating structures, and additional environmental damping is therefore much appreciated. The most important dynamic loads are wave and wind loads, where wave radiation damping, viscous drag damping, and aerodynamic damping strongly influences the overall response. Compared to hydrodynamic damping, aerodynamic damping covers a broader frequency range, stretching over multiple eigenmodes. Therefore, aerodynamic damping represents an important contribution and is the main topic of this publication. A short overview of available self-excited load models is presented. Different models are tested numerically and compared to the wind tunnel test.
Comparative study on seismic design and check of piers by Chinese and European Codes
Authors: Briseghella Bruno , Chen Junzhen , Xue Junqing , Lavorato Davide , Nuti Camillo
Published: March 2021

The function of bridges would be significantly influenced by the damage of piers during the earthquake, which would affect the rescue and reconstruction after the earthquake. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the comparative study on the seismic design and check of piers by the Chinese and European codes. The results show that the seismic design concepts of piers in the Chinese and European codes are the same. The behaviour factor and the seismic importance factor are used to reduce the seismic action in the European code and the Chinese code, respectively. For the check of shear capacity, the contributions of stirrups and concrete are separately considered in the European code, while they are simultaneously considered in the Chinese code. The steel weight of the pier designing by using Chinese codes is lower than that using European codes. The requirement on the minimum transverse reinforcement ratio in the European code is higher than that in the Chinese code.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams: RC versus UHPFRC layers
Authors: Lampropoulos Andreas , Tsioulou Ourania , Paschalis Spyridon , Dritsos Stephanos
Published: March 2021

Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams is of high importance for the structural upgrade of existing buildings. The majority of the existing RC structures need to be upgraded either because they are designed with old or without seismic code provisions or because of existing damages. In this study the effectiveness of the use of traditional RC layers is compared with the use of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) layers. Experimental investigation has been conducted on beams strengthened with these two techniques and the effectiveness of the examined methods has been evaluated via comparisons of the load-deflection and the interface slip results.
Redesign of a dissipative bracing-based retrofit intervention for an earthquake damaged school building
Authors: Terenzi Gloria , Costoli Iacopo , Sorace Stefano
Published: March 2021

A school building with reinforced concrete structure, seismically retrofitted in 2013 and damaged by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake, is examined in this paper. A time-history assessment analysis is initially carried out in pre-rehabilitated conditions by simulating also the presence of the clay brick masonry infill perimeter walls and partitions in the finite element model of the structure. Based on the results of this analysis, a different retrofit solution is proposed, consisting in the incorporation of dissipative braces equipped with pressurized fluid viscous dampers. The verification analyses developed in this new configuration for the main shock records of the 2016 earthquake highlight slightly damaged and easily repairable response conditions of a little number of partitions — instead of the diffused moderate-to-severe damage surveyed in the building internal and perimeter infills

— and an elastic response of structural members.
Mechanical behaviours of monitoring sleeved members with rigid ends at both core tube sides
Authors: Ying Wudang , Deng Changgen , Zhang Chenhui
Published: March 2021

The monitoring sleeved members (MSMs) are considered with light weight, excellent load-bearing capacity, superior ductility, and can be applied in long span spatial structure to monitor the capacity of the spatial structure. This paper mainly focuses on presenting the mechanical behaviours of the MSMs based on the full-range finite element analysis. The finite element model was developed to simulate the mechanical behaviors of the MSMs, which was verified by a specimen test. Based on the verified finite element model, parametric studies were carried out to investigate the influence of the core protrusion lp, the core slenderness ratio λi, the flexural rigidity ratio β, and the gap δg between core tube and restraining tube on the mechanical behaviours of the MSMs. It is concluded that (1) lp determines the control range of the restraining tube to the core tube. Local buckling of the MSMs with lp/l≤0.0406 occurs at a relatively small axial deformation. The ultimate bearing capacity of the MSMs with lp/l≤0.0406 is generally less than that of the MSM with lp/l>0.0406; (2) λi is a sensitive parameter influencing the failure mode. The smaller the core slenderness ratio λi, the less likely global buckling will occur; (3) β guarantees the control effect of the restraining tube on the core tube. β≥8.349 is needed to avoid global buckling; (4) a proper δg determining the alert moment for contact is indispensable to monitor contact status of MSMs, but it has no effect on the failure mode.
Laboratory tests on strengthening steel and concrete elements with high-strength concrete
Authors: Traykova Marina , Georgiev Lazar , Abdulahad Emad , Ivanov Stoyan
Published: March 2021

In the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy in Sofia a research project has started in 2018 aiming to investigate the possibilities of local production and application of high- strength concrete (or even UHPFRC) for strengthening existing structures in Bulgaria. Under this project laboratory tests of steel orthotropic bridge deck specimens as well as reinforced concrete beams, strengthened with high-strength concrete are performed. All elements are strengthened with an additional layer of high-strength concrete with thickness of 50mm on top.

The results obtained from the tests are summarized in this article. Comparative analysis showing the effect of this strengthening method is also presented. At the end summary and conclusions are drawn. Future steps for enhancing and promoting this strengthening technique in Bulgaria are outlined.
Application of Group Analytic Technique in the design decision-making process for a steel building in fire
Authors: Akaa Obinna , Abu Anthony , Spearpoint Michael
Published: March 2021

This paper presents how group analytic technique (GAT) may be used to approach complex design decision-making using an exemplar steel portal-framed building exposed to a potentially destructive fire. Chartered stakeholder views on the building’s structural fire design attributes were extracted to determine qualitative priorities for selecting a suitable applied fire protection solution. Fire pro- tection costs and structural fire resistance have been numerically and probabilistically assessed re- garding the design of one of the building’s columns. The assessment outcomes have been inte- grated/synthesised through GAT. The results show the logical analyses of varying design objectives in approaching an optimal solution to resilient steel buildings and establish the viability of the tech- nique. The result also shows that unprotecting structural elements of the building was ranked as the best solution.
First operational ground floor building using load bearing 3D printed elements
Authors: Cremens Olivier , Meulewaeter Benoit , Kurdi Luai Al , Bishara Sami
Published: March 2021

Generally, 3D-printed buildings combine 3D-printing technology with reinforced concrete using 3D- printed elements as lost formwork or cladding elements rather than structural elements.

Thanks to the joint efforts of the Project Developer, Lead design and Construction Supervision Consultant (AECOM) and BESIX3D (Contractor) the first operational building with structural load bearing 3D-printed walls will be completed by early 2020 in Abu Dhabi (U.A.E).

The engineering design approach is based on ACI codes together with various tests results. From concept to execution, all steps focused on successfully integrating 3D-printed structural elements to minimize manpower, material and equipment to improve the sustainability of this pilot project leading the way for more durable construction in the future.
Numerical analyses on flexural performance of UHPC link slab- abutment backwall system in jointless bridges
Authors: Briseghella Bruno , Yang Zhen-Guo , Xue Jun-Qing , Lin Jian-hui , Huang Fu-yun
Published: March 2021

The link slab could be applied to the abutment-superstructure connections to eliminate deck joints to form a link slab-abutment backwall (LS-AB) system in jointless bridges. However, due to the rotation and longitudinal deformation of girder ends, the reinforced concrete LS-AB system may crack. In order to improve the crack resistance of the LS-AB system, the ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) could be used. The finite element model was built by ABAQUS to investigate the flexural performance of the UHPC LS-AB system. The results indicated that UHPC could improve the ultimate load, bending stiffness and crack resistance of the LS-AB system. The cracks mainly appeared on the link slab under bending. With an increase in the ratio of rubber sheet length to span, the displacement corresponding to initial concrete cracks increase. The bending stiffness of the UHPC LS-AB system is mainly influenced by the material and rubber sheet length.
Consideration of climate change-induced corrosion by structural codes
Authors: Nogal Maria , Bastidas-Arteaga Emilio , dos Santos Gervásio Helena Maria
Published: March 2021

The impact of climate change on ambient temperature and relative humidity along with the present CO2 levels are speeding the corrosion process of reinforced concrete structures. The alarming cost of the associated reduction of the service life of structures, which is estimated to cost 3% to 4% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of industrialized countries, has put the spotlight on the importance of introducing the issue of climate change on the new generation of Eurocodes. Amongst the strategies to tackle the problem, design-phase measures seem not to be always cost- effective, nevertheless, measures during service-life are generally the most expensive. This paper discusses the potential strategies to be addressed by structural codes to tackle the problem of climate change-induced corrosion, considering aspects such as the cost-benefit analysis, viability, and the large uncertainty involved in climate change evolution.
Fatigue design using the structure stress concept for welded metal structures
Authors: Rausch Niclas , Mensinger Martin
Published: March 2021

Due to the progress in FE calculations, local stress increases of welded metal structures can be evaluated more precisely using the structure stress approach (hot-spot stress concept). Inadequate regulations, however, lead to significant uncertainties with this approach. There is a deficiency in instructions on modelling, stress determination and methods for dealing with misalignment and thickness influences. Therefore, difficulties regarding the structure stress concept are pointed out and possible solution strategies are presented. To reduce uncertain influences from modelling, correction factors are specified based on the element approach, extrapolation rule and thickness. A series of static tests is carried out specifically for this purpose. The objective is to develop conclusive regulations for the hot-spot stress concept and evaluate it as an additional normatively anchored method for fatigue safety.
Risk analysis in the design of timber portal frames with semi-rigid knee joints
Authors: Ozola Lilita , Fabriciuss Janis
Published: March 2021

The complex behaviour of anisotropic wood material and semi-rigid connections in knee joints of timber portal frames leads to a discussion on additional design conditions entailing strength failure criteria. Also the assessment of the consequences of deformation development and increase of global displacements of a system due to the load duration impact in semi-rigid connections is essentially important for a sustainable design. Some important affecting factors: the resistance of wood in tension perpendicular to the direction of the grain, development of deformations in semi- rigid connections and uncertainty of bearing capacity are examined regarding their role in a safety format.
Real-time seismic damage prediction and comparison of various ground motion intensity measures based on machine learning
Authors: Xu Yongjia , Lu Xinzheng , Tian Yuan , Huang Yuli
Published: March 2021

After earthquakes, an accurate and efficient seismic damage prediction is indispensable for emergency response. Existing methods face the dilemma between accuracy and efficiency. A real-time and accurate seismic damage prediction method based on machine-learning is proposed here. 48 intensity measures are used as input to represent the ground motion comprehensively. Besides, the workload of the NLTHA method is replaced by model training/testing and moved to a non-urgent stage to promote efficiency. Case studies with various building cases prove the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Key intensity measures for each building are identified by iteratively using the proposed framework.
Structural behaviour of steel plate infilled outrigger wall system
Authors: Elesawy Alaa , Batikha Mustafa
Published: March 2021

The resistance of lateral loads is historically the main challenge in tall buildings. Structural Engineers always strive to find a redundant lateral resisting system that provides the required structural resistance, unleashes the architectural expression, optimizes the quantities and improves the constructability. Because of the increased stiffness together with the overturning resistance they provide and being a cost-effective solution, the outrigger systems are very efficient against the lateral loads in tall buildings. Conventionally, steel truss and reinforced concrete walls are used in the design and construction of outrigger systems. In this study, a steel infill plate connected to a reinforced concrete frame was investigated as an effective outrigger structural system in order to increase the initial stiffness and the load-carrying capacity and improve the ductility of the outrigger systems. Numerical Finite Element (FE) method using Geometrically and Materially Non-linear Analysis with Imperfection (GMNIA) was conducted in this study. In addition, the numerical analysis results were verified by the experimental results. As a result of this research, the ductility, strength, and initial stiffness of the steel plate-infilled outrigger were extremely improved than that of the traditional outrigger truss system.
Finite element (FE) analysis of H-Beam – composite POSCO (P)-Box column joints with new inner diaphragms
Authors: Khan Mahbub , Uy Brian , Kim Jin Won
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a numerical investigation of a H-beam – composite P-box column joint fabricated with two new inner diaphragms and a continuous inner diaphragm. The main objective of the current research is to investigate the structural performance of the newly developed inner diaphragms of POSCO under a cyclic loading. Hysteretic behaviour of the composite joints is analysed to investigate the structural performance of the new and continuous inner diaphragms. Furthermore, yield line behaviour of the new inner diaphragms is investigated to predict the failure mode under tensile load. To produce a design criterion for the newly developed inner diaphragms and continuous inner diaphragm, yielding or predicted failure area of the inner diaphragms under tensile stress is utilised from the FE results.
Earthquake induced floor accelerations on a high-rise building: Scale model tests on a shaking table
Authors: Rizzo Fabio , Pagliaroli Alessandro , Maddaloni Giuseppe , Occhiuzzi Antonio , Prota Andrea
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses results of shaking table tests on an in-scale high-rise building model. The purpose was to calibrate a dynamic numerical model for multi-hazard analyses to investigate the effects of floor acceleration. Accelerations, because of vibration of non-structural elements, affect both the comfort and safety of people. The research investigates the acceleration effects of both seismic and wind forces on an aeroelastic in-scale model of a multi-story building. The paper discusses the first phase of experiments and gives results of floor accelerations induced by several different base seismic impulses. Structural analyses were first performed on the full-scale prototype to take soil-structure interaction into account. Subsequently the scale model was designed through aeroelastic scale laws. Shaking table experiments were then carried out under different base accelerations. The response of the model and, in particular, amplification of effects from base to top are discussed.
Políticas basadas en la ISO 27001:2013 y su influencia en la gestión de seguridad de la información en municipalidades de Perú
Authors: Bustamante García Shonerly , Valles Coral Miguel Ángel , Cuellar Rodríguez Immer Elías , Lévano Rodríguez Danny
Published: March 2021

La gestión de seguridad de la información dentro de una organización debe ser un proceso bien definido, ya que implica un enorme esfuerzo tanto de usuarios, jefes de área y demás servidores para conocer cómo responder ante eventos sospechosos y cómo gestionar vulnerabilidades identificadas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue mejorar la gestión de seguridad de la información en una municipalidad distrital peruana, mediante la implantación de un modelo de políticas basado en la ISO 27001:2013. Para ello, se hizo una investigación preexperimental con una muestra de 30 trabajadores a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario para medir el grado de satisfacción con el modelo implantado. En promedio, más del 90 % de los encuestados reconoció mejoras en la municipalidad, lo que marca una gran diferencia entre el pre y postest, de 49 % a 96 %. Se concluye que el modelo de políticas de seguridad basado en tres pilares fundamentales: confidencialidad, integridad y disponibilidad mejoró la gestión de seguridad de la información, garantizando un adecuado resguardo de los datos.
Optimizing of system "column-cfrp lamellas" with the strengthening of civil structures
Authors: Mayackaya Irina , Yazyev Batyr , Fedchenko Anastasia , Demchenko Denis
Published: March 2021

Reinforced concrete elements of structures in the form of columns, beams, ceilings are widely used in the construction of buildings and structures of industrial and civil construction. In most cases, the columns serve as supports for other building elements, for example, crossbars, slabs, girders, beams. One of the cycles of the work of reinforced concrete structures is the state of their repair and reconstruction, including the stages of strengthening the elements. There is a problem of strengthening of reinforced concrete columns. The article deals with the issue of reinforcing columns and other structural elements having a cylindrical surface, with polymeric composite materials in the form of carbon fiber lamellae. The use of composite materials allows to increase the service life and strength of reinforced concrete structures used in construction.
MONITORING OF THE SOIL CONDITION OF URBAN LANDSCAPES DURING CONSTRUCTION WORKS BY SPECTRAL-TIMBRE ACOUSTIC METHOD
Authors: Evtushenko Sergej , Lyepikhova Viktoriya , Lyashenko Nadezhda , Riabous Andrei
Published: March 2021

A study of the prospects spectral-timbre of the acoustic method for their construction and analysis of disperse systems of layers of soils and soils and in particular the possibility of choice from the offered list of the minimum required number of factors and ranges of their actions for the most reliable identification of the structure of the object according to the accepted classification scale; - determination of the qualitative (elemental) and quantitative ratio of the studied dispersed systems, based on indirect measurement and computer calculation methods. An express analysis of dispersed objects in the form of soil layers and soils on a PC based on a tape recording of an acoustic analog absorption signal is developed.
FRACTAL ARCHITECTURE: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
Authors: Mayackaya Irina , Yazyev Batyr , Yazyeva Svetlana
Published: March 2021

Architects of the past widely used the principle of fractal structure. Building designs are separate elements that are self-similar objects. The article presents examples of various unique structures of the past and present. The modern approach to the development of fractal architecture allows architects to create wonderful structures, search for the most unusual forms and harmony of orderly structures and dynamics of chaos.
Management of construction complex enterprises and organization of their functioning in conditions of economic insolvency
Authors: Rondar' Natal'ya , Goncharova Ekaterina
Published: March 2021

The article reveals the system characteristics of economic insolvency in the construction complex, its essence as a process, and its functional components. The main models of the course of economic insolvency of construction industry enterprises are formed, the process of insolvency is structured, including both the stages of economic and the stages of institutional regulation. This analysis contributes to the improvement of the mechanism for managing economic insolvency, makes it more effective and allows optimizing the functioning and development of the national economy by reducing the number of economically insolvent enterprises in the construction industry, reducing economic and investment risks and strengthening financial discipline.
Does objective structured clinical examination examiners’ backgrounds influence the score agreement?
Authors: Gilang Purnajati Oscar , Nur Hidayah Rachmadya , Retno Rahayu Gandes
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) examiners come from various backgrounds. This background variability may affect the way they score examinees. This study aimed to understand the effect of background variability influencing the examiners’ score agreement in OSCE’s procedural skill.
Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted with explanatory sequential design. OSCE examiners (n=64) in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana (FoM-UKDW) took part to assess two videos of Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) competence to get their level of agreement by using Fleiss Kappa. One video portrayed CPR according to performance guideline, and the other portrayed CPR not according to performance guidelines. Primary survey, CPR procedure, and professional behaviour were assessed. To confirm the assessment results qualitatively, in-depth interviews were also conducted.
Results: Fifty-one examiners (79.7%) completed the assessment forms. From 18 background categories, there was a good agreement (>60%) in: Primary survey (4 groups), CPR procedure (15 groups), and professional behaviour (7 groups). In-depth interviews revealed several personal factors involved in scoring decisions: 1) Examiners use different references in assessing the skills; 2) Examiners use different ways in weighting competence; 3) The first impression might affect the examiners’ decision; and 4) Clinical practice experience drives examiners to establish a personal standard.
Conclusions: This study identifies several factors of examiner background that allow better agreement of procedural section (CPR procedure) with specific assessment guidelines. We should address personal factors affecting scoring decisions found in this study in preparing faculty members as OSCE examiners.
Exploring online learning interactions among medical students during a self-initiated enrichment year
Authors: Luk Pauline , Chen Julie
Published: March 2021

Introduction: A novel initiative allowed third year medical students to pursue experiential learning during a year-long Enrichment Year programme as part of the core curriculum. ‘connect*ed’, an online virtual community of learning was developed to provide learning and social support to students and to help them link their diverse experiences with the common goal of being a doctor. This study examined the nature, pattern, and content of online interactions among medical students within this community of learning to identify features that support learning and personal growth. Methods: This was a quantitative-qualitative study using platform data analytics, social network analysis, thematic content analysis to analyse the nature and pattern of online interactions. Focus group interviews with the faculty mentors and medical students were used to triangulate the results. Results: Students favoured online interactions focused on sharing and learning from each other rather than structured tasks. Multimedia content, especially images, attracted more attention and stimulated more constructive discussion. We identified five patterns of interaction. The degree centrality and reciprocity did not affect the team interactivity but mutual encouragement by team members and mentors can promote a positive team dynamic. Conclusion: Online interactions that are less structured, relate to personal interests, and use of multimedia appear to generate the most meaningful content and teams do not necessarily need to have a leader to be effective. A structured online network that adopts these features can better support learners who are geographically separated and engaged in different learning experiences.
The predictive brain model in diagnostic reasoning
Authors: Lim Tow Keang
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Clinical diagnosis is a pivotal and highly valued skill in medical practice. Most current interventions for teaching and improving diagnostic reasoning are based on the dual process model of cognition. Recent studies which have applied the popular dual process model to improve diagnostic performance by “Cognitive De-biasing” in clinicians have yielded disappointing results. Thus, it may be appropriate to also consider alternative models of cognitive processing in the teaching and practice of clinical reasoning.
Methods: This is critical-narrative review of the predictive brain model.
Results: The theory of predictive brains is a general, unified and integrated model of cognitive processing based on recent advances in the neurosciences. The predictive brain is characterised as an adaptive, generative, energy-frugal, context-sensitive action-orientated, probabilistic, predictive engine. It responds only to predictive errors and learns by iterative predictive error management, processing and hierarchical neural coding.
Conclusion: The default cognitive mode of predictive processing may account for the failure of de-biasing since it is not thermodynamically frugal and thus, may not be sustainable in routine practice. Exploiting predictive brains by employing language to optimise metacognition may be a way forward
Orégano chino Lippia graveolens en matorrales de Nuevo León, población y datos de producción
Authors: Silva-Gutiérrez Aldo Jesús , Alvarado-Vázquez Marco Antonio , Salcedo-Martínez Sergio Manuel , Alvarado-Vázquez Marco Antonio , Quistian-Martínez Deyanira
Published: March 2021

El orégano chino Lippia graveolens Kunth (Verbenaceae), también conocido como orégano mexicano, es una planta que habita en el estrato subarbustivo de matorrales de Nuevo León. Se emplea como condimento en alimentos y tiene importancia medicinal e industrial. En este estudio se encontró que no figura como una planta aprovechable según estadísticas productivas referenciadas para el estado, y aunque cuenta con densidades de población aceptables de 3867 a 9866 plantas/ha, se desconoce su aprovechamiento y uso por parte de los potenciales productores que cuentan con el recurso en su predio. La demanda de esta materia prima vegetal en nuestro estado es cubierta por productores de otras entidades de la república mexicana, por lo que se recomienda se difunda su importancia y se implementen e incentiven programas locales para su aprovechamiento.
Química de la Luna: implicaciones sobre el origen y estructura del satélite natural de la Tierra
Authors: González-Morales Vanesa , Velasco-Tapia Fernando
Published: March 2021

Se presenta una breve revisión de las características químicas generales de la Luna, así como el análisis estadístico multivariado de una base de datos de basaltos lunares y las implicaciones de este ejercicio en el origen y la estructura del satélite natural.
Jesus Cristo, obstáculo ao diálogo inter-religioso?
Authors: Miranda Mário de França
Published: March 2021

A inédita proximidade dos grandes sistemas religiosos neste final de milênio repercute necessariamente em vários setores da vida humana.
SHORELINE CHANGES AFTER THE SUNDA STRAIT TSUNAMI ON THE COAST OF PANDEGLANG REGENCY, BANTEN
Authors: Julianto Fandi Dwi , Fathurohman Cahya Rizki , Rahmawati Salsabila Diyah , Ihsanudin Taufiq
Published: March 2021

The Sunda Strait tsunami occurred on the coast of west Banten and South Lampung at 22nd December 2018, resulting in 437 deaths, with10 victims missing. The disaster had various impacts on the environment and ecosystem, with this area suffering the greatest effects from the disaster. The utilisation of remote sensing technology enables the monitoring of coastal areas in an effective and low-cost manner. Shoreline extraction using the Google Earth Engine, which is an open-source platform that facilitates the processing of a large number of data quickly. This study used Landsat-8 Surface Reflectance Tier 1 data that was geometrically and radiometrically corrected, with processing using the Modification of Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) algorithm. The results show that 30.1% of the coastline in Pandeglang Regency occurred suffered abrasion, 20.2% suffered accretion,while 40.7% saw no change. The maximum abrasion of 130.2 meters occurred in the village of Tanjung Jaya. Moreover, the maximum shoreline accretion was 43.3 meters in the village of Panimbang Jaya. The average shorelinechange in Pandeglang Regencywas 3.9 meters.