bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Independent and Synergistic Associations of Biomarkers of Vitamin D Status With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Qi Lu , Ma Wenjie , Heianza Yoriko , Zheng Yan , Wang Tiange , Sun Dianjianyi , Rimm Eric B. , Hu Frank B. , Giovannucci Edward , Albert Christine M. , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Manson JoAnn E.
Published: September 2017

Objective—

To comprehensively evaluate the independent associations and potential interactions of vitamin D–related biomarkers including total and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), VDBP (vitamin D binding protein), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Approach and Results—

We prospectively identified incident cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD among women in the Nurses’ Health Study during 20 years of follow-up (1990–2010). Using risk-set sampling, 1 to 2 matched controls were selected for each case. The analysis of 25OHD and PTH included 382 cases and 575 controls; the analysis of VDBP included 396 cases and 398 controls. After multivariate adjustment, plasma levels of total 25OHD, bioavailable 25OHD, and PTH were not significantly associated with CHD risk. VDBP was associated with a lower CHD risk with an extreme-quartile odds ratio of 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.92;
P
trend=0.02). When examining the biomarkers jointly, a significant, inverse association between 25OHD and CHD was observed among participants with higher PTH levels (
P
for interaction=0.02). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) comparing the highest quartile of 25OHD to lowest was 0.43 (0.23–0.82;
P
trend=0.003) when PTH levels were above population median (35.3 pg/mL), whereas among the rest of participants the corresponding odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.28 (0.70–2.36;
P
trend=0.43).

Conclusions—

Our data suggest that higher 25OHD levels were associated with a lower CHD risk when PTH levels were high, whereas no association was observed for participants with low PTH levels. VDBP but not bioavailable 25OHD was independently associated with lower CHD risk.
ABCA8 Regulates Cholesterol Efflux and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Trigueros-Motos Laia , van Capelleveen Julian C. , Torta Federico , Castaño David , Zhang Lin-Hua , Chai Ee Chu , Kang Martin , Dimova Lidiya G. , Schimmel Alinda W.M. , Tietjen Ian , Radomski Chris , Tan Liang Juin , Thiam Chung Hwee , Narayanaswamy Pradeep , Wu Daniel Heqing , Dorninger Fabian , Yakala Gopala Krishna , Barhdadi Amina , Angeli Veronique , Dubé Marie-Pierre , Berger Johannes , Dallinga-Thie Geesje M. , Tietge Uwe J.F. , Wenk Markus R. , Hayden Michael R. , Hovingh G. Kees , Singaraja Roshni R.
Published: September 2017

Objective—

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are considered to protect against atherosclerosis in part by facilitating the removal of cholesterol from peripheral tissues. However, factors regulating lipid efflux are incompletely understood. We previously identified a variant in adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter A8 (
ABCA8
) in an individual with low HDL cholesterol (HDLc). Here, we investigate the role of ABCA8 in cholesterol efflux and in regulating HDLc levels.

Approach and Results—

We sequenced
ABCA8
in individuals with low and high HDLc and identified, exclusively in low HDLc probands, 3 predicted deleterious heterozygous
ABCA8
mutations (p.Pro609Arg [P609R], IVS17-2 A>G and p.Thr741Stop [T741X]). HDLc levels were lower in heterozygous mutation carriers compared with first-degree family controls (0.86±0.34 versus 1.17±0.26 mmol/L;
P
=0.005). HDLc levels were significantly decreased by 29% (
P
=0.01) in
Abca8b
−/−
mice on a high-cholesterol diet compared with wild-type mice, whereas hepatic overexpression of human
ABCA8
in mice resulted in significant increases in plasma HDLc and the first steps of macrophage-to-feces reverse cholesterol transport. Overexpression of wild-type but not mutant ABCA8 resulted in a significant increase (1.8-fold;
P
=0.01) of cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein AI in vitro. ABCA8 colocalizes and interacts with adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter A1 and further potentiates adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter A1–mediated cholesterol efflux.

Conclusions—

ABCA8 facilitates cholesterol efflux and modulates HDLc levels in humans and mice.
Haploid Mammalian Genetic Screen Identifies UBXD8 as a Key Determinant of HMGCR Degradation and Cholesterol Biosynthesis
Authors: Loregger Anke , Raaben Matthijs , Tan Josephine , Scheij Saskia , Moeton Martina , van den Berg Marlene , Gelberg-Etel Hila , Stickel Elmer , Roitelman Joseph , Brummelkamp Thijn , Zelcer Noam
Published: September 2017

Objective—

The cellular demand for cholesterol requires control of its biosynthesis by the mevalonate pathway. Regulation of HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase), a rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway and the target of statins, is a key control point herein. Accordingly, HMGCR is subject to negative and positive regulation. In particular, the ability of oxysterols and intermediates of the mevalonate pathway to stimulate its proteasomal degradation is an exquisite example of metabolically controlled feedback regulation. To define the genetic determinants that govern this process, we conducted an unbiased haploid mammalian genetic screen.

Approach and Results—

We generated human haploid cells with mNeon fused to endogenous HMGCR using CRISPR/Cas9 and used these cells to interrogate regulation of HMGCR abundance in live cells. This resulted in identification of known and new regulators of HMGCR, and among the latter, UBXD8 (ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing protein 8), a gene that has not been previously implicated in this process. We demonstrate that UBXD8 is an essential determinant of metabolically stimulated degradation of HMGCR and of cholesterol biosynthesis in multiple cell types. Accordingly, UBXD8 ablation leads to aberrant cholesterol synthesis due to loss of feedback control. Mechanistically, we show that UBXD8 is necessary for sterol-stimulated dislocation of ubiquitylated HMGCR from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane en route to proteasomal degradation, a function dependent on its UBX domain.

Conclusions—

We establish UBXD8 as a previously unrecognized determinant that couples flux across the mevalonate pathway to control of cholesterol synthesis and demonstrate the feasibility of applying mammalian haploid genetics to study metabolic traits.
The Great Recession and Public Education
Authors: Evans William N. , Schwab Robert M. , Wagner Kathryn L.
Published: September 2017

We examine the impact of the Great Recession on public education finance and employment. Five major themes emerge from our work. First, nearly 300,000 school employees lost their jobs. Second, schools that were heavily dependent financially on state governments were particularly vulnerable to the recession. Third, local revenues from the property tax actually increased during the recession, primarily because millage rates rose in response to declining property values. Fourth, inequality in school spending rose sharply during the Great Recession. We argue, however, that we need to be very cautious about this result. School spending inequality has risen steadily since 2000; the trend in inequality we see in the 2008–13 period is very similar to the trend we see in the 2000–08 period. Fifth, the federal government's efforts to shield education from some of the worst effects of the recession achieved their major goal.
Revision of the polytypic electric fish Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei), with descriptions of seven subspecies
Authors: CRAIG JACK M. , CRAMPTON WILLIAM G. R. , ALBERT JAMES S.
Published: September 2017

The banded knife fish Gymnotus carapo is among the most widely distributed, broadly adapted (eurytopic), and phenotypically variable fish species in South America, with a geographic range of about 14 million km2, from the Llanos of Venezuela to the Pampas of northern Argentina. Here we assess the structure of phenotypic variation in G. carapo across this vast range from a study of 486 specimens representing the G. carapo clade, including 175 specimens of G. carapo collected from across the continental platform. We use multivariate statistics to quantify phenotypic differences within and among subspecies and species in aspects of pigmentation, caliper-based morphometrics, geometric morphometrics, meristics, and osteology. Our results demonstrate significant, but not diagnostic, differences among specimens representing seven new subspecies: G. c. australis from the La Plata (Paraná-Paraguay) basin, G. c. caatingaensis from the Parnaíba basin in the Brazilian state of Piauí, G. c. carapo from Suriname and French Guiana, G. c. madeirensis from the upper Madeira basin, G. c. occidentalis from the western Amazon, Negro, and Essequibo basins, G. c. orientalis from the eastern Amazon, Tocantins and Trombetas basins, and G. c. septentrionalis from the Orinoco basin and Trinidad Island. These results support the use of the subspecies, but not the species, rank to recognize and name these regionally delimited taxonomic entities.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Laemoglyptus Fairmaire from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Cantharidae)
Authors: HSIAO YUN , PANG HONG
Published: September 2017

The lectotype and paralectotype of Laemoglyptus sauteri (Pic, 1911) are herein designated. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Laemoglyptus sauteri (Pic, 1911) = L. atripes Pic, 1921, syn. nov. = L. rubrithorax (Pic, 1912), syn. nov. Additionally, L. sauteri is redescribed in detail and supplemented with photos of the habitus and female genitalia, illustrations of clypeus, aedeagus and ventrite VII of females, and the distribution map. A key for the identification of Laemoglyptus species from Taiwan is also included.
A new terrestrial frog (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the montane cloud forests of the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: URGILES VERONICA L. , POSSE VALENTINA , TIMBE BRUNO A. , ASTUDILLO PEDRO X. , SÁNCHEZ-NIVICELA JUAN C.
Published: September 2017

We describe a new species of Pristimantis from the Tinajillas-Rio Gualaceño Ecological Conservation Area, Morona Santiago province, an area of montane forest in the southeastern Andes of Ecuador. Pristimantis nimbus sp. nov. is similar to P. altamazonicus, P. ardyae, P. bambu, P. bellator, P. caeruleonotus, P. cethospilus, P. churuwiai, P. croceoinguinis, P. cryptomelas, P. diadematus, P. flavobracatus, P. gualacenio, P. nigrogriseus, P. ventrimarmoratus, and P. versicolor from which it can be distinguished by the presence of flash marks on flanks, groin, and arm insertion composed of bright-yellow oval spots and blotches surrounded by dark brown to black, forming a reticulated pattern, by having slightly enlarged toe pads, a finely shagreen dorsum lacking dorsal folds, and males having nuptial pads but lacking vocal slits. Pristimantis nimbus sp. nov. is only known from the type locality, at elevations between 2200–2400 masl. All individuals of the new species were found at night, perching on leaves and branches between 80 cm to 150 cm above the ground. The analysis of stomach contents rendered a total of 17 prey items of different unidentified species in five orders (Aranae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera). Other species found in the area are Pristimantis aff. altamnis, P. galdi, P. proserpens, P. tinajillas, P. versicolor, Rhinella margaritifera, Noblella sp. and three unidentified species of Pristimantis.
Contributions to the study of gomphocerine grasshoppers calling songs (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) with notes on taxonomic status and distribution of some forms from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: TISHECHKIN DMITRI YU.
Published: September 2017

Male calling songs of 10 widely distributed species of Gomphocerinae from localities in Kyrgyzstan were investigated. In all species songs of males from the Central Asiatic and European populations are almost identical in spite of the fact, that in some species localities in Kyrgyzstan are isolated from the main parts of their ranges by the deserts of the South Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Glyptobothrus maritimus is the only species from G. biguttulus group widely distributed over all the territory of Kyrgyzstan. G. mollis was found only in the North and Central Tien Shan Mts.; no other species of this group were found in Kyrgyzstan. Chorthippus apricarius from the Central and West Tien Shan Mts. does not differ from the nominotypical subspecies in the calling song pattern and demonstrates variability of diagnostic characters used earlier for distinguishing between Ch. apricarius apricarius and Ch. apricarius asiaticus. This gives grounds for establishing a synonymy Ch. apricarius apricarius (Linnaeus, 1758) = Ch. apricarius asiaticus Mistshenko, 1951, syn. n.
A new Afromontane species of the ant-eating spider genus Dusmadiores and description of the male of D. deserticola (Araneae: Zodariidae)
Authors: VANDERHAEGEN KOEN , JOCQUÉ RUDY
Published: September 2017

Dusmadiores elgonensis sp. nov. (♂♀) is described from the Mount Elgon region, Uganda. It is the first Dusmadiores species found within the eastern Afromontane highlands. D. elgonensis is remarkable by the presence of a conspicuous group of spines on the retrolateral side of the cymbium just in front of the RTA in males. The unknown male of D. deserticola Jocqué, 2011 is described. The type locality of the latter species is corrected to Cabo Verde, Santiago, São Jorge dos Órgãos. An illustrated key to the seven known Dusmadiores species is provided.
Formation and Dynamics of a Long-Lived Eddy Train in the South China Sea: A Modeling Study
Authors: Cai Zhongya , Gan Jianping
Published: September 2017

A process-oriented numerical modeling study was conducted to investigate the formation and underlying forcing of an anticyclonic eddy train observed in the northern South China Sea. Observations showed that long-lived anticyclonic eddies formed an eddy train along an eastward separated jet across the northern South China Sea in summer. The eddy train plays a critical role in regulating ocean circulation in the region. Forced by the southwesterly monsoon and prevailing dipole wind stress curl in the summer, the northward coastal jet separates from the west boundary of the South China Sea basin and overshoots northeastward into the basin. The anticyclonic recirculation of the separated jet forms the first anticyclonic eddy in the eddy train. The jet meanders downstream with a strong negative shear vorticity that forms a second and a third anticyclonic eddy along the jet’s path. These three eddies form the eddy train. These eddies weaken gradually with depth from surface, but they can extend to approximately 500 m deep. The inherent stratification in the region regulates the three-dimensional scale of the anticyclonic eddies and constrains their intensity vertical extension by weakening the geostrophic balance within these eddies. Analyses of the vorticity balance indicate that the eddy train’s negative vorticity originates from the beta effect of northward western boundary current and from the subsequent downstream vorticity advection in the jet. The jet separation is a necessary condition for the formation of the eddy train, and the enhanced stratification, increased summer wind stress, and associated negative wind stress curl are favorable conditions for the formation of the anticyclonic eddies.
Il poema cavalleresco nel Novecento: Calvino e Giuliani
Authors: Santagata Elena
Published: September 2017

Il ritorno del cavalleresco italiano durante il secondo Novecento costituisce un fenomeno ampio e interessante: molte, infatti, sono le riscritture di numerosi testi del Cinquecento. In questo articolo voglio prendere in analisi due tra le più famose di queste riscritture cinquecentesche: quella di Italo Calvino dell’ Orlando Furioso e quella della Gerusalemme Liberata di Alfredo Giuliani. Calvino e Giuliani propongono due metodi di analisi e di riscrittura del modello cavalleresco molto simili per scelte stilistiche e lessicali. Calvino ha sempre intrattenuto con Ariosto un rapporto stretto e privilegiato. Ariosto è infatti l’autore più amato e più imitato dal critico. La presenza ariostesca non manca mai nella produzione calviniana: né nei romanzi né negli scritti critici. Diverso appare invece l’esperimento di Giuliani: Giuliani sembra non apprezzare lo stile del Tasso e questa incompatibilità spesso si manifesta anche all’interno della riscrittura della Liberata. Indagherò i due diversi rapporti, quello di Calvino con Ariosto e quello di Giuliani con Tasso, mettendone in luce le caratteristiche principali.
A lifespan perspective for understanding career self-management and satisfaction: The role of developmental human resource practices and organizational support
Authors: Jung Yuhee , Takeuchi Norihiko
Published: September 2017

The contemporary career literature or ‘new career’ theory emphasizes the importance of individual agentic career management processes in which individuals manage their careers to achieve career satisfaction by flexibly adjusting to the dynamic environment. There is limited research, however, on how individuals strategize their careers as they age, by utilizing or balancing organizational career management factors, including developmental human resource (HR) practices and organizational support. This study, therefore, documents how age, career self-management and organizational career management factors interactively influence career satisfaction, integrating conservation of resources (COR) and socioemotional selectivity (SES) theories. Using time-lagged data collected from 364 Japanese employees, the results supported the predicted three-way interaction effects. For young employees, the positive relationship between career self-management and satisfaction was stronger when developmental HR practices and organizational support were high, and thus a synergistic effect was salient. For middle-aged employees, the positive relationship was stronger when these factors were low, and thus a compensatory effect was manifested. Interestingly, middle-aged employees who perceived a lack of developmental practices or support showed marked improvements in career satisfaction by engaging in career self-management behaviors. We discuss the changing nature of career management strategies across an individual’s lifespan from both vocational and managerial viewpoints.
Trust and betrayal in interorganizational relationships: A systemic functional grammar analysis
Authors: Börjeson Love
Published: September 2017

What is it that we do when we say to our business partner that we trust them? Or when we hint that we would consider a withdrawal from cooperation a betrayal? Relying on a systemic functional grammar analysis, interorganizational relationships (IORs) are in this study shown to be characterized by a recurring dilemma: the involved partners are expected to be transparent and explicit regarding their intentions while at the same time being open to opportunities that the IOR may present. In the struggle to balance between these opposing demands, trust is used by trustees to promise both explicitness and opportunity. Conversely, trustors of IORs pressure the trustee to continue the cooperation by evoking latent accusations of betrayal. The intended result of these rhetorical strategies is to prolong the IOR until it can be properly evaluated. While this prolongation accrues to the systems of IORs and to participating organizations, the costs for the involved individuals can be considerable. The trustor risks feeling betrayed, and the trustee risks being accused of betrayal for reasons that are beyond his or her control.
Mechanisms of biopower and neoliberal governmentality in precarious work: Mobilizing the dependent self-employed as independent business owners
Authors: Moisander Johanna , Groß Claudia , Eräranta Kirsi
Published: September 2017

In the contemporary conditions of neoliberal governmentality, and the emerging ‘gig economy,’ standard employment relationships appear to be giving way to precarious work. This article examines the mechanisms of biopower and techniques of managerial control that underpin—and produce consent for—precarious work and nonstandard work arrangements. Based on an ethnographic study, the article shows how a globally operating direct sales organization deploys particular techniques of government to mobilize and manage its precarious workers as a network of enterprise-units: as a community of active and productive economic agents who willingly reconstitute themselves and their lives as enterprises to pursue self-efficacy, autonomy and self-worth as individuals. The article contributes to the literature on organizational power, particularly Foucauldian studies of the workplace, in three ways: (1) by building a theoretical analytics of government perspective on managerial control that highlights the nondisciplinary, biopolitical forms of power that underpin employment relations under the conditions of neoliberal governmentality; (2) by extending the theory of enterprise culture to the domain of precarious work to examine the mechanisms of biopower that underpin ongoing transformations in the sphere of work; and (3) by shifting critical attention to the lived experience of precarious workers in practice.
Political ideology and the discursive construction of the multinational hotel industry
Authors: Maclean Mairi , Harvey Charles , Suddaby Roy , O’Gorman Kevin
Published: September 2017

How might political ideology help to shape an organizational field? We explore the discursive construction of the multinational hotel industry through analysis of one of its leading actors, Hilton International (HI), conceived by Conrad Hilton as a means of combatting communism by facilitating world peace through international trade and travel. While the politicized rhetoric employed at hotel openings reflected institutional diversity, it resonated in parallel with a strong anti-communist discourse. We show that through astute political sensemaking and sensegiving, macro-political discourse that is ideological and universalizing may be allied to micro-political practices in strategic action fields. Our study illuminates the processes of early-stage post-war globalization and its accompanying discourses, demonstrating that the foundation of a global industry may be ideologically inspired. Our primary contribution to theory is specific acknowledgement of the importance of political ideology as a particular ‘social skill’, helping to determine how international business has been ‘won’.
Pop Culture Without Culture: Examining the Public Backlash to Beyoncé’s Super Bowl 50 Performance
Authors: Gammage Marquita
Published: September 2017

On February 7, 2016, Beyoncé took the stage of Super Bowl 50 as a featured artist during the halftime show. Immediately after, her performance was classified as an anti-American act of terrorism. The public took to social media, not in the usual fan craze, but to condemn and damn Beyoncé for her celebration of Black culture. This condemning is a reflection of the marginalized treatment of Black popular artists which prohibits them from speaking out on Black issues. Consequently, Black popular artists are forced to shed off their cultural identities in order to achieve and maintain mainstream/pop culture success. This article provides a detailed examination of Beyoncé’s celebration of Black culture and its aftermath, along with other contemporary Black popular artists and celebrities, and will highlight the contemporary damnation of Black entertainers. These analyses will create a foundation for challenging the race-neutral categorization of Black popular artists.
Rape Trials and Sexual History Evidence
Authors: McGlynn Clare
Published: September 2017

Despite repeated legislative attempts to restrict the use of sexual history evidence in rape trials, it continues to be admitted in many cases, causing considerable debate and leading to further attempts to reform the law. In this light, this article examines afresh the admissibility of sexual history evidence in rape trials. It focuses particularly on evidence relating to persons other than the accused (third-party evidence), following the recent controversial judgment of the Court of Appeal in R v Ched Evans where such evidence was introduced. The justifications for restricting sexual history evidence are considered, as well as research data on how often it is being used. Following an analysis of the current law, the article concludes that urgent reform is needed and a number of law reform options are examined.
Insights from over 30 years of common agricultural policy in Portugal
Authors: Pereira Vítor João , Martinho Domingues
Published: September 2017

This article reviews scientific evidence on the different interrelationships between the Portuguese agricultural sector and the common agricultural policy (CAP) over the last three decades. The novelty lies in synthesizing relevant scientific literature regarding the CAP in Portugal complemented by empirical evidence. While there have been improvements in the impacts of Portuguese agriculture on the environment (although the CAP could be more ambitious in this regard), spatial asymmetries remain (despite some signs of convergence in the agricultural sector among the Portuguese Mainland NUTs II). Production has also changed with a reduction in arable cropping and an increase in pastures and livestock. The landscape has changed with an increase in construction and forestry and a reduction in soil use for agriculture and agroforestry. Competitiveness has decreased (mainly after the 1992 CAP reform), and in terms of agricultural policies, further adjustments will be needed to make the CAP better linked with local specific conditions.
The Social Ordering of an Everyday Practice: The Case of Laundry
Authors: Mylan Josephine , Southerton Dale
Published: September 2017

Sociological contributions to debates surrounding sustainable consumption have presented strong critiques of methodological individualism and technological determinism. Drawing from a range of sociological insights from the fields of consumption, everyday life and science and technology studies, these critiques emphasize the recursivity between (a) everyday performances and object use, and (b) how those performances are socially ordered. Empirical studies have, however, been criticized as being descriptive of micro-level phenomena to the exclusion of explanations of processes of reproduction or change. Developing a methodological approach that examines sequences of activities this article explores different forms of coordination (activity, inter-personal and material) that condition the temporal and material flows of laundry practices. Doing so produces an analysis that de-centres technologies and individual performances, allowing for the identification of mechanisms that order the practice of laundry at the personal, household and societal levels. These are: social relations; cultural conventions; domestic materiality; and institutionalized temporal rhythms. In conclusion, we suggest that addressing such mechanisms offers fruitful avenues for fostering more sustainable consumption, compared to dominant approaches that are founded within ‘deficit models’ of action.
Exceptional wearability of multifunctional TiO2-coated hybrid silk fabric with controllable ultraviolet-protection properties
Authors: Chen Fengxiang , Yang Huiyu , Li Ke , Liu Xin , Deng Bo , Xiao Xinfang , Yang Xiaojie , Dong Binhai , Wang Shimin , Xu Weilin
Published: September 2017

Ultraviolet (UV)-protective textiles have attracted significant attention because of their wide applicability. However, the anti-UV coatings of such textiles have an adverse effect on their wearing comfort, and other properties related to luster, softness and handle were also ignored. In this study, TiO2-coated silk fabric with controllable UV-protection properties was successfully fabricated via atomic layer deposition (ALD). The luster, bending properties, crease recovery, mechanical properties, air permeability and anti-UV properties of the TiO2-coated silk fabric were investigated. The results showed that the thickness, whiteness, bendability, tensile strength and anti-UV properties of the silk fabric increased progressively while its air permeability, wet crease recovery angle and dry crease recovery angle decreased with an increase in the thickness of the TiO2 coating. However, the coating did not have a negative effect on the usability of the fabric. Thus, the proposed ALD method is a promising one for modifying the surfaces of elastic textile materials in order to accord them with UV-protection properties.
Assessing the Relationship between Disordered Gamblers with Psychosis and Increased Gambling Severity: The Mediating Role of Impulsivity
Authors: Kim Hyoun S. , Cassetta Briana D. , Hodgins David C. , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne M. , McGrath Daniel S. , Tavares Hermano
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Recent research suggests that disordered gambling and psychosis co-occur at higher rates than expected in the general population. Gamblers with psychosis also report greater psychological distress and increased gambling severity. However, the mechanism by which psychosis leads to greater gambling symptomology remains unknown. The objective of the present research was to test whether impulsivity mediated the relationship between comorbid psychosis and gambling severity.

Method:

The sample consisted of 394 disordered gamblers voluntarily seeking treatment at a large university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. A semistructured clinical interview (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) was used to diagnosis the presence of psychosis by registered psychiatrists. Severity of gambling symptoms was assessed using the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–11 provided a measure of impulsivity.

Results:

Of the sample, 7.2% met diagnostic criteria for psychosis. Individuals with a dual diagnosis of psychosis did not report greater gambling severity. Conversely, dual diagnoses of psychosis were associated with greater levels of impulsivity. Higher levels of impulsivity were also associated with greater gambling severity. Importantly, support for our hypothesised mediation model was found such that impulsivity mediated the association between disordered gambling and psychosis and gambling severity.

Conclusion:

Impulsivity appears to be a transdiagnostic process that may be targeted in treatment among disordered gamblers with a dual diagnosis of psychosis to reduce problematic gambling behaviours.
Moral Communities and Sex: The Religious Influence on Young Adult Sexual Behavior and Regret
Authors: Longest Kyle C. , Uecker Jeremy E.
Published: September 2017

Research indicates that religiosity inhibits adolescent and young adult sexual behavior, but few studies examine how religious contexts may shape sexual behavior. When religious contexts are considered, studies rarely test multiple spheres of religious influence simultaneously. Moreover, little research examines how either individual religiosity or religious contexts shape emotional responses to sex. We analyze nationally representative, longitudinal data that allow for concurrent examination of multiple religious contexts and several measures of young adult sexual behaviors and sexual regret. The influence of religiosity on sexual behavior and regret varies within and across both the spheres and outcomes tested. Individual religious salience and close ties with parents are the most consistent deterrents to initiation of sexual intercourse and having numerous intercourse partners. Closeness to parents and participation in religious activities are associated with lower odds of sexual regret, but ties to adults in one’s religious congregation are associated with increased sexual regret.
Predictors of Change in Quality of Life in Patients With End-Stage Disease During Hospitalization
Authors: Bužgová Radka , Sikorová Lucie , Kozáková Radka , Jarošová Darja
Published: September 2017

Background:

Currently, there are no studies aimed at evaluating the quality of life (QoL) of patients with end-stage disease during hospitalization and the factors that influence it.

Aim:

The aim of the research was to identify predictors of change in the QoL of patients hospitalized due to advanced stage of disease.

Methods:

The sample consisted of 140 patients with end-stage disease who were hospitalized on this account. For evaluation of QoL, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Karnofsky Performance Status questionnaires were used for the assessment of mental and functional status. For the evaluation of predictors of negative change in QoL, a logistic regression analysis was used.

Results:

During hospitalization, there was a significant deterioration in the scores given for all domains of the functional QLQ-C30 scale, but not the symptomatic scale. Predictors of change in overall QoL detected were marital status, improved functional status, and depression detected on admission to hospital. Gender and age were found to be protective factors against deterioration in overall QoL.

Conclusion:

Sociodemographic characteristics and mental and functional status may be associated with change in QoL of patients with end-stage disease during hospitalization.
Romantic Relationship Characteristics and Adolescent Relationship Abuse in a Probability-Based Sample of Youth
Authors: Taylor Bruce , Joseph Hannah , Mumford Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

This study examines the longitudinal association between baseline adolescent romantic relationship characteristics and later adolescent relationship abuse (ARA). Data are from the first two waves of the National Survey on Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV). Girls and boys ages 10 to 18 were recruited randomly from the children of adults participating in a larger national household probability sample panel. About three quarters of the sample identified as White, non-Hispanic. Controlling behavior by a romantic partner consistently predicted later ARA. Higher levels of controlling behavior in the relationship was associated with higher rates of sexual and/or physical ARA victimization and higher rates for similar acts of perpetration. More controlling behavior by the partner was also associated with higher rates of psychological ARA victimization (and higher rates for psychological ARA perpetration). Our results suggest that ARA prevention programs should have explicit discussions of the deleterious effects of controlling behavior with adolescents. Respondents reporting higher feelings of passionate love were also at higher risk of experiencing sexual and/or physical ARA victimization. This finding will need to be considered by clinicians and prevention specialist in their work with youth as a potential risk marker for ARA. Baseline reports of at least one form of ARA were predictive of 1-year follow-up rates of ARA in all of our models, underscoring a long line of research that past aggressive or violent behavior is one of the strongest predictors of current aggressive or violent behavior. We also observed that female respondents were twice as likely to be perpetrators of physical and/or sexual ARA as male respondents. Prevention messaging often is focused on girls as ARA victims and our results imply that messaging should also be directed toward girls as perpetrators.
Digital Advertising Expenditures in the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Williams Christine B. , Gulati Girish J. “Jeff”
Published: September 2017

Using 2012 and 2016 candidate disbursements and independent expenditures filing data collected by the Federal Election Commission, this study compares how much money both the presidential campaigns and outside groups spent on digital relative to traditional media. Digital campaign expenditures have increased their share of total media outlays markedly over recent election cycles, and in the 2016 presidential election, both the candidate and independent expenditures were higher than in 2012, particularly on the Republican side. This article investigates reasons for these trends and establishes a baseline for future research on the heretofore understudied topic of digital political advertising.
Conducting Online Surveys in China
Authors: Mei Bing , Brown Gavin T. L.
Published: September 2017

Using online surveys is becoming increasingly extensive and widespread. Social science research in China is no exception. However, due to contextual factors (e.g., technological constraints, social and cultural norms, and language barriers), prior successful methods may not apply. This article reports an alternative way of conducting online surveys in China, by combining local commercial online survey service providers with indigenous Web 2.0 applications. The case study demonstrates the feasibility of this approach and provides practical advice (e.g., adding incentives) on how to effectively conduct online survey in China.
Students’ perceptions of BIM education in the higher education sector
Authors: Shelbourn M. , Macdonald J. , McCuen T. , Lee S.
Published: September 2017

The use of building information modelling (BIM) has increased in the global architecture, engineering, construction and owner-operated (AECO) industries. This increased use has contributed to a recognition by project stakeholders of its importance across the building life cycle, leading higher education institutions to rethink their AECO provisions. There has been much debate about how BIM should be employed in undergraduate curricula: should it be included as a stand-alone subject in a programme or as an underlying theme across the programme? Research has also been conducted into theories of practice with regard to BIM education. This article builds on previous research in the codeBIM project and describes students’ perceptions of current practice in the United States and the United Kingdom. The article begins with a literature review of current theories of BIM teaching in AECO and a summary of good practice. The use of focus groups is described and the findings from focus group sessions held in the United Kingdom and the United States are discussed. The authors identify six key areas required for BIM to be inclusive in higher education: collaborative curricula, space, teamwork, relevance to the industry, technical/technological skills and the role of the professor or lecturer. Each of these areas is discussed in light of the findings from the focus groups.
Influence of tool rotation errors on flank machined surface
Authors: Cao Yanlong , Hu Weixin , Yang Jiangxin , Shang Huichao , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Guoqing
Published: September 2017

In flank milling, the machined metal surface is formed by the edge of the cutting tool and is thus affected by tool errors. Cutting tool rotation errors affect the movement of the tool teeth and thus change the trajectory of the tool edge. This change will also affect the cutting force, which will result in deformation in the cutting process. Previous studies focus mostly on the cutting tool runout error and ignore the effect of tool deformation. In this article, we built a mathematical model of the machining process that considers not only the tool runout error but also the tool tilt deformation error. Using this model, we analyzed how the tool rotation error will influence workpiece surface quality and surface frequency. Results show that feed rate and rotation errors will affect surface roughness, geometric error, and surface energy distribution.
Informal economies, conflict recovery and absent aid
Authors: Mackie Peter , Brown Alison , Dickenson Kate , Ahmed Eid , Ahmed Hassan Saeed , Mohamoud Barawani Mohamed A
Published: September 2017

This paper addresses the issue of what happens in the aftermath of conflict when humanitarian response is absent, to see how “self-help” recovery can inform development assistance paradigms and practice. We explore livelihoods strategies and community-led recovery processes in the context of conflict in Somaliland, a region that experienced an acutely disruptive conflict and an absence of humanitarian aid, to evaluate the economic recovery that emerged. The conflict is tracked through perceptions and recollections of those who lived through the disaster: the bombing of Hargeisa in 1988 that flattened the city, the declaration of a semi-autonomous nation in 1991, and its subsequent development over the last 25 years. This critical case study aims to inform the humanitarian assistance agenda in relation to livelihoods as a self-help process in post-conflict recovery.
Work Support and Family Support as Predictors of Work-to-family Enrichment and Family-to-work Enrichment
Authors: Jain Sarika , Nair Shreekumar K.
Published: September 2017

Of late, the relationship between work–family enrichment and support has started gaining some attention within the organizational behaviour literature. However, support emerging from the family front has often been neglected in previous studies. The purpose of our research is to empirically estimate the role of both work support (WS) and family support (FS) as predictors of work-to-family enrichment (WFE) and family-to-work enrichment (FWE) among sales employees in Indian organizations. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 330 employees belonging to firms from some of the major sectors of Indian industry, namely manufacturing, IT, FMCG, pharmaceuticals and financial services. The study first validated the support scale in the Indian context using exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Further, structural equation modelling (SEM) using AMOS (version 20) was used to test the model. Results supported the 20-item work support and family support scale measuring work and family support in the Indian set-up. Further, results of SEM suggested that work as well as family support significantly predicts work-to-family enrichment as well as family-to-work enrichment. The study signals the importance of ensuring a supportive organizational environment for an effective workforce. This not only can help in enriching one’s work life, but also can impact one’s family life as well. The same phenomenon also applies to family front; a supportive family results in an improved enrichment in work domain. This study contributes to work–family literature by addressing role of support—both work and family—as predictors of WFE and FEW, which has rarely been studied in the Indian context.
Monitoring of Recommended Metabolic Laboratory Parameters Among Medicaid Recipients on Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Uzal Natalia E. , Chavez Benjamin , Kosirog Emily R. , Billups Sarah J. , Saseen Joseph J.
Published: September 2017

Background: In 2004, a consensus statement outlining recommended metabolic monitoring for patients prescribed second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) was published. More than a decade later, suboptimal adherence rates to these recommendations continue to be reported, which could lead to long-term and costly complications. Objectives: To define the prevalence of appropriately monitored Medicaid patients receiving care at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) prescribed SGAs. Methods: This was a retrospective study examining electronic health record and Medicaid claims data to assess the rates of glucose and lipid monitoring for patients prescribed SGAs from January 2014 to August 2016 in a FQHC. Prescription and laboratory claims for patients receiving care at 4 FQHCs were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the primary outcome. Results: A total of 235 patients were included in the analysis. Patients initiated on SGA therapy (n = 92) had baseline glucose and lipid monitoring rates of 50% and 23%, respectively. The 3-month monitoring rates were 37% for glucose and 26% for lipids, whereas annual rates were 71% and 40%, respectively. Patients continuing SGA therapy (n = 143) had annual glucose and lipid monitoring rates of 67% and 44%. Conclusions: Medicaid patients at FQHCs initially prescribed SGAs have low baseline and 3-month metabolic monitoring, whereas annual monitoring was comparable to previously published studies. Adults receiving chronic care at a FQHC were more likely to receive glucose monitoring. Those with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hyperlipidemia were more likely to receive glucose and lipid monitoring.
Effect of Sequential Sectioning of Ligaments on Syndesmotic Instability in the Coronal Plane Evaluated Arthroscopically
Authors: Massri-Pugin Jafet , Lubberts Bart , Vopat Bryan G. , Guss Daniel , Hosseini Ali , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Arthroscopic evaluation of the syndesmosis allows direct visualization of syndesmotic instability. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum degree of ligamentous injury necessary to destabilize the syndesmosis in the coronal plane when assessed arthroscopically and pinpoint where such instability should be measured within the incisura.

Methods:

Fourteen cadaveric specimens were divided into 2 groups and arthroscopically assessed first with the syndesmosis intact and then following serial differential ligamentous transection. Group 1 (n = 7): anterior-inferior tibiofibular (AITFL), interosseous (IOL), posterior-inferior tibiofibular (PITFL), and deltoid (DL) ligament. Group 2 (n = 7): PITFL-IOL-AITFL-DL. At each step, a standard 100-N lateral hook test was applied and tibiofibular coronal plane diastasis measured arthroscopically at both the anterior and posterior third of the incisura. These measurements were in turn compared with those of the stressed intact ligamentous state.

Results:

There was no significant syndesmotic instability measured at either the anterior or posterior margin of the incisura after transection of a singular ligament (AITFL or PITFL) or after the IOL was additionally transected. Diastasis at the posterior margin was significantly increased when all syndesmotic ligaments were sectioned (group 1: P = .018; group 2: P = .008), but this was not noted along the anterior margin. Diastasis at the anterior margin reached significance only with complete transection of syndesmosis and DL (group 1: P < .001; group 2: P = .044).

Conclusion:

Under arthroscopic evaluation, the syndesmosis becomes unstable in the coronal plane only when all syndesmotic ligaments are transected, which should preferentially be measured at the posterior margin of the incisura. Anteriorly, diastasis becomes apparent only with addition of DL disruption, although this added finding may aid in diagnosis of occult deltoid injury.

Clinical Relevance:

AITFL, IOL, and PITFL need to be injured to produce coronal plane syndesmotic instability. Arthroscopic assessment of such instability should occur along the posterior margin of the incisura. When they exist, similar findings anteriorly suggest concomitant deltoid injury.
Training Students With Behavioral Problems to Recruit Teacher Praise
Authors: Markelz Andrew , Riden Benjamin , Rizzo Karen
Published: September 2017

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders exhibit high levels of inappropriate behaviors. Although many teachers are aware of the benefits of teacher praise, its use in classrooms remains low. Training students to recruit praise is a method to counter suppressing contingencies and increase praise rates for desired classroom behaviors. With minimal planning and training, students can begin recruiting the attention they seek while you begin delivering the praise needed to encourage and maintain appropriate behaviors.