bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of four different nutritional risk screening tools in hospitalized children
Authors: Gunes Kaya Didem , Caferoglu Akin Zeynep , Orucoglu Betul , Celik Elif
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: Early detection of malnutrition risk in hospitalized children can improve health outcomes and quality of life; however, the number of studies where the pediatric screening tool is appropriate for Turkish children is limited. Therefore, this article aims to determine the prevalence of malnutrition risk in pediatric patients evaluated with Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score, and Simple Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool with original and adjusted cutoffs and to evaluate which pediatric screening tool is appropriate for Turkish children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, four published nutritional risk screening tools (Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score, Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool) were applied to pediatric inpatients (n=604) aged 1 month to 17 years, admitted to a pediatric ward for at least 24 hours. Results: Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool with adjusted cutoffs had the greatest recognition rate (94.2%) of acute malnutrition. Having a high nutritional risk by Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score was associated with an increased risk of acute (OR: 6.57 for Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, 5.84 for Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, and 20.35 for Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score) and chronic malnutrition (OR: 1.27 for Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, 3.28 for Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, and 1.72 for Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score). Classifying the at-risk category by the Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool was related to raised odds of malnutrition (OR: 2.64 for original and 5.24 for adjusted cutoffs). This positive association was also observed for acute (OR: 4.07 for original cutoffs, and 28.01 for adjusted cutoffs) and chronic malnutrition (OR: 1.14 for original cutoffs, and 1.67 for adjusted cutoffs). Conclusion: Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool with adjusted cutoffs and Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score have higher diagnostic accuracy than other screening tools in assessing the nutritional status of hospitalized Turkish children and detecting children, particularly with acute malnutrition.
Artificial neural networks discriminate lettuce seeds with different levels of thermoinhibition
Authors: Catão Hugo Cesar Rodrigues Moreira , Cardoso Daniel Bonifácio Oliveira , Maciel Gabriel Mascarenhas , Gomes Luiz Antonio Augusto , Siquieroli Ana Carolina Silva , Neves Flávia de Oliveira Borges Costa
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination causes important losses for producers, who do not have thermotolerant commercial cultivars. One of the obstacles has been the scarcity of optimizing techniques capable of efficiently discriminating thermotolerant and thermosensitive cultivars. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of neural networks to discriminate different levels of thermoinhibition in lettuce seeds. Seeds of 18 cultivars were evaluated for thermoinhibition considering the characteristics of the first and last germination count and germination speed index, in seeds subjected to temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C. The remaining seeds, which did not germinate, were subjected to the tetrazolium test. Analyses were performed immediately after seed harvesting and repeated after six months of storage. Discriminant analysis was performed and the Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was created using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Neural networks discriminate lettuce cultivars and organizes them in terms of seed thermoinhibition tolerance through Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Map. Discriminant analysis consistently identifies the Everglades and Luiza genotypes as tolerant to thermoinhibition.
Boron sources and rates on soybean seed physiological quality and root system volume
Authors: Dameto Larissa Sartori , Moraes Larissa Alexandra Cardoso , Krzyzanowski Francisco Carlos , Moreira Adônis
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Soybean has shown increasing performance in terms of yield in recent years. However, despite this growth, the lack of quality control and knowledge about the effects of the nutritional status of plants has compromised the germination and vigor of a significant proportion of seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological performance of seeds and root growth of soybean cultivated with boron (B) sources with different solubilities incorporated into the soil. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2×5 factorial arrangement, with two B sources (boric acid and ulexite) and five B rates (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg.kg-1). 100-seed weight (100SW), germination, seedling shoot length (SSL), seedling root length (SRL), accelerated aging (AA), root protrusion (RP), lignin content in the seed coat (LCSC), and root volume (RV) were evaluated. The B sources and rates showed a significant interaction with increases in RV, RP, SSL, SRL, and 100SW, while the LCSC decreased with increasing rates with no interaction effect, indicating a reduction of seed quality with rates up to 8.0 mg.kg-1, regardless of the B source used.
BLINDAR-RESISTIR: EDUCAÇÃO DAS MOÇAS NA FACULDADE DE MEDICINA DA BAHIA 1879-1949
Authors: Oliveira Rosa Meire Carvalho de
Published: June 2023

RESUMO Este artigo tem como foco de análise o livro da professora e pesquisadora Iole Macedo Vanin, doutora em História pela Universidade Federal da Bahia, publicado em 2015. O objetivo é resgatar As Damas de Branco: Médicas, Odontólogas e Farmacêuticas como uma importante obra historiográfica sobre a passagem de cerca de quatrocentas estudantes pela Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, a partir da conhecida reforma do ensino de Leôncio de Carvalho, de 1879. A resenha visa apresentar a obra da pesquisadora ligada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre Mulheres, Gênero e Feminismo (PPGNEIM) e ao Núcleo de Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre a Mulher (NEIM), acompanhar as reflexões teórico-metodológicas propostas e os caminhos que permitiram à autora desvendar os processos de blindagem e resistência produzidos por esse grupo de mulheres nos primeiros setenta anos do exercício do direito de acesso ao Ensino Superior. Registrando-se hiatos quanto à presença de mulheres negras nesse grupo da biomedicina baiana.
Project-based learning in professional and technological education as a proposal to forced remote learning
Authors: Crestani Carlos Eduardo , Machado Márcio Bender
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT The pandemic that started in 2020 was challenging in many areas, including education, with a mandatory migration to remote learning. This work presents the migration of disciplines from the traditional face-to-face methodology to project-based learning in forced remote learning. The contents were transformed into projects, developed in oriented groups, with detailed feedback, freedom of organization and presentation, and group and individual assessment. The general perception was of initial difficulties, of adaptation, but of skills development such as groupwork, presentation of ideas, decision making, planning, organization, and socialization, with the development of critical and creative thinking and commitment to learning itself since the selection of the level and of the amount of information to explore. The development of skills and maturity to deal with projects and problems shows a way forward in the use of active methodologies.
Vantagens e dificuldades na utilização de plataformas e tecnologias digitais por professores e alunos
Authors: Fialho Isabel , Cid Marília , Coppi Marcelo
Published: June 2023

RESUMO O estudo analisa as vantagens e as dificuldades encontradas por professores e alunos quanto ao uso de uma seleção de nove plataformas e tecnologias digitais em atividades escolares e verifica se a situação decorrente da quarentena devida à covid-19 gerou outros problemas no uso dessas plataformas e tecnologias digitais. Foram aplicados questionários a 105 alunos e 45 professores de cinco agrupamentos de escolas de Portugal. Os resultados revelaram que professores e alunos concordaram com as vantagens e os contributos da utilização das plataformas e tecnologias digitais. Quanto às dificuldades, os professores assinalaram que a obsolescência e a insuficiência do parque informático e o acesso à internet apresentaram-se como os principais problemas encontrados ao utilizar as plataformas e tecnologias digitais. Já os alunos indicaram como principal dificuldade o acesso à internet. Durante a pandemia, os professores relataram dificuldades mais associadas aos aspetos sociais, pedagógicos e técnicos, enquanto os alunos relacionaram-nas mais com questões pessoais.
Advantages and difficulties in the use of digital platforms and technologies by teachers and students
Authors: Fialho Isabel , Cid Marília , Coppi Marcelo
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the advantages and difficulties of teachers and students regarding the use of a selection of nine digital platforms and technologies for daily school activities and verifies whether the situation resulting from the quarantine due to covid-19 generated other problems in the use of those digital platforms and technologies. Questionnaires were applied to 105 students and 45 teachers in five schools in Portugal. The results revealed that teachers and students agreed with the advantages and contributions of the use of digital platforms and technologies. As for the difficulties, the teachers pointed out problems with the obsolescence and the insufficiency of the equipment and with the internet access presented as the main ones encountered when using the digital platforms and technologies. The students indicated internet access as their main difficulty. During the pandemic, teachers reported difficulties more associated with social, pedagogical, and technical aspects, while students related it more to personal issues.
Semiring Reasoning Frameworks in AI and Their Computational Complexity
Authors: Eiter Thomas , Kiesel Rafael
Published: June 2023

Many important problems in AI, among them #SAT, parameter learning and probabilistic inference go beyond the classical satisfiability problem. Here, instead of finding a solution we are interested in a quantity associated with the set of solutions, such as the number of solutions, the optimal solution or the probability that a query holds in a solution. To model such quantitative problems in a uniform manner, a number of frameworks, e.g. Algebraic Model Counting and Semiring-based Constraint Satisfaction Problems, employ what we call the semiring paradigm. In the latter the abstract algebraic structure of the semiring serves as a means of parameterizing the problem definition, thus allowing for different modes of quantitative computations by choosing different semirings. While efficiently solvable cases have been widely studied, a systematic study of the computational complexity of such problems depending on the semiring parameter is missing. In this work, we characterize the latter by NP(R), a novel generalization of NP over semiring R, and obtain NP(R)-completeness results for a selection of semiring frameworks. To obtain more tangible insights into the hardness of NP(R), we link it to well-known complexity classes from the literature. Interestingly, we manage to connect the computational hardness to properties of the semiring. Using this insight, we see that, on the one hand, NP(R) is always at least as hard as NP or ModpP depending on the semiring R and in general unlikely to be in FPSPACEpoly. On the other hand, for broad subclasses of semirings relevant in practice we can employ reductions to NP, ModpP and #P. These results show that in many cases solutions are only mildly harder to compute than functions in NP, ModpP and #P, give us new insights into how problems that involve counting on semirings can be approached, and provide a means of assessing whether an algorithm is appropriate for a given class of problems.
On Centralized Critics in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lyu Xueguang , Baisero Andrea , Xiao Yuchen , Daley Brett , Amato Christopher
Published: June 2023

Centralized Training for Decentralized Execution, where agents are trained offline in a centralized fashion and execute online in a decentralized manner, has become a popular approach in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). In particular, it has become popular to develop actor-critic methods that train decentralized actors with a centralized critic where the centralized critic is allowed access global information of the entire system, including the true system state. Such centralized critics are possible given offline information and are not used for online execution. While these methods perform well in a number of domains and have become a de facto standard in MARL, using a centralized critic in this context has yet to be sufficiently analyzed theoretically or empirically. In this paper, we therefore formally analyze centralized and decentralized critic approaches, and analyze the effect of using state-based critics in partially observable environments. We derive theories contrary to the common intuition: critic centralization is not strictly beneficial, and using state values can be harmful. We further prove that, in particular, state-based critics can introduce unexpected bias and variance compared to history-based critics. Finally, we demonstrate how the theory applies in practice by comparing different forms of critics on a wide range of common multi-agent benchmarks. The experiments show practical issues such as the difficulty of representation learning with partial observability, which highlights why the theoretical problems are often overlooked in the literature.
Pre-Implantation Kidney Biopsies in Extended Criteria Donors: From On Call to Expert Pathologist, from Conventional Microscope to Digital Pathology
Authors: Marletta Stefano , Di Bella Caterina , Catalano Giovanni , Mastrosimini Maria Gaia , Becker Jan  , Ernst Angela , Rizzo Paola Chiara , Caldonazzi Nicolo , Vasuri Francesco , Malvi Deborah , Fanelli Giuseppe Nicolo , Naccarato Giuseppe , Ghimenton Claudio , L'Imperio Vincenzo , Mescoli Claudia , Eccher Albino , Furian Lucrezia , Pagni Fabio
Published: June 2023

The number of patients awaiting a kidney transplant is constantly rising but lack of organs leads kidneys from extended criteria donors (ECD) to be used to increase the donor pool. Pre-transplant biopsies are routinely evaluated through the Karpinski-Remuzzi score but consensus on its correlation with graft survival is controversial. This study aims to test a new diagnostic model relying on digital pathology to evaluate pre-transplant biopsies and to correlate it with graft outcomes. Pre-transplant biopsies from 78 ECD utilized as single kidney transplantation were scanned, converted to whole-slide images (WSIs), and reassessed by two expert nephropathologists using the Remuzzi-Karpinski score. The correlation between graft survival at 36 months median follow-up and parameters assigned by either WSI or glass slide score (GSL) by on-call pathologists was evaluated, as well as the agreement between the GSL and the WSIs score. No relation was found between the GSL assessed by on-call pathologists and graft survival (P = 0.413). Conversely, the WSI score assigned by the two nephropathologists strongly correlated with graft loss probability, as confirmed by the ROC curves analysis (DeLong test P = 0.046). Digital pathology allows to share expertise in the transplant urgent setting, ensuring higher accuracy and favoring standardization of the process. Its employment may significantly increase the predictive capability of the pre-transplant biopsy evaluation for ECD, improving the quality of allocation and patient safety.
FREE SURFACE DEFORMATIONS OF THE HORIZONTAL LIQUID FILM HEATED FROM THE SUBSTRATE SIDE, EXPERIMENT AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors: Mungalov Alexandr S. , Kochkin Dmitry Yu. , Derevyannikov Ivan A.  , Kabov Oleg A.
Published: June 2023

This paper is devoted to experimental and numerical studies of deformations of the thin silicone oil PDMS-100 film locally heated from below. The configuration of the synthetic Schlieren method based on reflection is used to visualize the free surface. It was found that the formation of thermocapillary depressions was preceded by a liquid bump. The nature of this phenomenon caused by thermal expansion of the liquid was explained for the first time using the volume-of-fluid numerical method.
In Memoriam: Dr. Hab. Nina P. Denisova (1937–2022)
Authors: Zmitrovich Ivan V.
Published: June 2023

The paper is devoted to Nina Pavlovna Denisova (1937-2022), a well-known specialist in the physiology and biochemistry of fungi, Doctor of Biological Sciences, long-term deputy editor-in-chief of the journal “Mikologiya i fitopatologiya (Mycology and Phytopathology, Russia)”, a researcher who left a deep track in the study of the proteolytic activity of higher fungi.
Sustainable feedstocks for 4D printing: biodegradable polymers and natural resources
Authors: Bora Leena V , Vadaliya Kevin S , Bora Nisha V
Published: June 2023

Additive manufacturing is an emerging technology supported by ‘Industry 4.0’. When combined with a stimulus-responsive behavior, incorporating the fourth dimension of time, it results in a manufacturing technique known as four-dimensional (4D) printing. 4D-printed entities have the distinctive characteristic of property transformation, under the influence of a drafted stimulus, which can be cleverly engineered for the desired application. The conventional stimulus-driven smart printing inks deployed in 4D printing are non-biodegradable polymers that pose a challenge to sustainability. Hence, it is imperative to appraise the utilization of sustainable raw materials, composed of natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers, as feedstocks for 4D printing. Natural resources have fluctuating properties, which make them receptive toward intelligent engineering. This review is an effort toward the implementation of sustainable feedstocks as printing inks for 4D printing, for eventual environmental benignity. It covers several sustainable raw materials for 4D printing and the strategies to use them in conjunction with conventional inks in order to bring down the volume of non-biodegradables. This review can serve as a reference for designers and engineers wishing to use sustainable inks for 4D printing, thereby boosting the momentum needed to consolidate this next-generation technology in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Malnutrición infantil. Progresos y desafíos
Authors: Quito Maza Christian Paul
Published: June 2023

La obra cuenta con tres secciones: 1) Contexto y marco conceptual, que, a su vez se divide en dos capítulos: a) Malnutrición infantil como restricción al desarrollo, b) Marco conceptual de la malnutrición infantil; 2) Análisis de casos de malnutrición infantil, que cuenta con tres capítulos: a) Malnutrición infantil en Ecuador, b) Malnutrición infantil en Chimborazo, c) Malnutrición infantil en Santa Elena; y, 3) Conclusiones.
Linguistic Means of Manipulation in English Fiction: B. Shaw’s Works
Authors: Babintseva Ekaterina , Kartseva Elena , Mansur Daria , Trifonova Elizaveta
Published: June 2023

This article summarizes studies identifying linguistic means of implementing manipulative influence in English fiction. The article discusses various scientific views on the essence and main characteristics of manipulation, the levels of analysis of linguistic means of manipulation, the methods of speech influence that are used in linguistic manipulation, and the types of manipulation. The authors consider linguostylistic means of manipulative influence. The article presents the results of an empirical study of linguistic means of manipulative influence at the lexical and syntactical levels as exemplified by the classic plays by B. Shaw. It is concluded that the above-mentioned verbal means are pragmatically conditioned and have a high manipulative potential. Having emotive and associative semantics, they attract the attention of the addressee, create positive imagery, and stimulate emotional-associative reactions.
Carl Einstein and Cubism as a Historiographical Method
Authors: Fabbian Gisela , Crespi Maximiliano
Published: June 2023

This work constitutes our first advance in the study of the work of the writer, art historian, critic, and German anarchist Carl Einstein. He proposes an analysis of the methodological, theoretical matrix on which he establishes his unique historiographical conception of 20th-century art, focusing on the period between the rise of the German expressionist movement and the avant-garde consolidation of Cubism. The proposed hypothesis maintains that Einstein finds in Cubism (especially in the works of Picasso, Braque, and Gris) a "method" for his model of critical historicization of twentieth-century art rather than an "object" of investigation.
Pivot Templators’ Challenges and Training: Insights from a Survey Study with Subtitlers and Subtitler Trainers
Authors: Pięta Hanna , Valdez Susana , Torres-Simón Ester , Menezes Rita
Published: June 2023

Given the increase of non-English audiovisual content, translating through pivot templates is increasingly common. Yet, pivot templates have attracted scant scholarly attention. Several factors remain unclear. Among the first factors are the questions of who creates pivot templates, from what languages are they translated, into what languages are they translated, and what audiovisual products and channels are they for? Secondly, what are the challenges involved in the creation of templates? The third factor would be whether there is any training available for pivot template creators, and whether this training is effective. To provide more clarity on these issues, we distributed a questionnaire and elicited replies from 100 pivot templators and 75 subtitler trainers based in Europe. The results indicate that most pivot templators translate into English as L2. Because of this, diverse difficulties arise. Training in pivot template making seems rare, especially compared to training in subtitling in general. The training that is offered comes mainly from the industry and not academia. This is problematic for various reasons: (a) the former does not typically cover issues related to subtitler ethics or the sustainability of the profession, and (b) translator training and professional codes of conduct eye L2 translation with suspicion. Drawing on the respondents’ insights, we argue that much can be gained from teaching non-English-language native speakers how to create English-language templates.
English as a Pivot Language in Audiovisual Translation: Industry and Profession in Spain
Authors: Carrero Martín José Fernando , Reverter Oliver Beatriz
Published: June 2023

Audiovisual translation has undergone a revolution in the last decade, with an increase in the number of non-English speaking productions. This has increasingly turned English into a pivot language. This article presents a mixed study aiming to profile translators who work with English as a pivot language. It describes the characteristics of assignments in language combinations involving English as a pivot language. In addition, translators’ experiences and opinions on this practice are collected. Data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire and personal interviews with professionals who have dealt with assignments of this nature. The results show that this practice has increased in the last five years due to the expansion of video on demand. Even so, this type of assignment accounts for less than 10% of the workload of the translators surveyed. Moreover, this practice is used with both common and exotic languages in the Spanish AVT market. Translators recognise that this is not a deontologically ideal practice, but it enables the reception of products that would otherwise be unavailable in Spain.
Historical review of development of indirect methods of myocardial revascularization
Authors: Zaporozhan Nikolay M. , Sapegina Faina Z. , Karasov Ilya A.
Published: June 2023

The article presents a historical review. For several decades, the diseases of the circulatory system have remained one of the most pressing problems of mankind. However, in the recent years there has been a tendency to decrease in mortality from cardiovascular pathologies including coronary heart disease. At the dawn of the study of coronary artery disease, the problem of surgical treatment of coronary artery pathology looked practically unsolvable: there was no knowledge of pathophysiology, no microsurgical instruments, and artificial circulation apparatus. Among other things, the stereotype of the "inviolability" of the heart muscle firmly entrenched in the minds of operating surgeons. A safe operation on a human heart was only a dream and the object of ridicule among most surgeons of the XIX early XX centuries. The article describes the history of the study of angina pectoris and indirect methods of myocardial revascularization. The first operations were aimed at eliminating pain syndrome and inducing angiogenesis, creating neocollaterals from blood vessel-rich organs and tissues to improve regional myocardial perfusion. Exactly these surgical techniques have become a "bridge" from the tactics of exclusively conservative management of heart pathologies to modern cardiac surgery.
Clonación del gen Caf1 de Yersinia pestis en el Centro Nacional de Productos Biológicos del Instituto Nacional de Salud
Authors: Seraylán Ormachea Silvia , Osorio-Mogollón Cleidy , Padilla-Rojas Carlos
Published: June 2023

Objetivo. Amplificar mediante PCR y clonar la secuencia del gen caf1, que codifica el antígeno capsular F1 de Yersinia pestis, en el plásmido pET 32a (+) de E. coli Top 10 y BL21DE3. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó material genético de una cepa nativa de Yersinia pestis para estandarizar la amplificación del gen caf1 mediante PCR, empleando oligonucleótidos iniciadores previamente reportados. El producto de amplificación del gen caf1 se clonó en el vector pET 32a (+) y se transformaron células competentes de E. coli Top 10 y E.coli BL21DE3. Se extrajo el plásmido mediante miniprep, se amplificó el gen caf1 por PCR y se secuenció el inserto. Finalmente, se compararon los resultados del secuenciamiento con la secuencia del gen caf1 reportado en el GenBank, utilizando la herramienta bioinformática BLAST. Resultados. El gen caf1 se amplificó mediante PCR, obteniendo un fragmento de aproximadamente 506 pb. El producto de amplificación se clonó en el vector pET 32a (+) y se transformaron cepas de E. coli Top 10 y BL21DE3. La correcta clonación se confirmó mediante secuenciación del producto de amplificación, que podría usarse para la detección de anticuerpos contra la peste.
Seismoacoustic Signatures Observed During a Long-Term Deployment of Infrasound Sensors at the Nevada National Security Site
Authors: Wilson Trevor C. , Danneman Dugick Fransiska K. , Bowman Daniel C. , Petrin Christopher E. , Elbing Brian R.
Published: June 2023

Earthquakes have repeatedly been shown to produce inaudible acoustic signals (<20 Hz), otherwise known as infrasound. These signals can propagate hundreds to thousands of kilometers and still be detected by ground-based infrasound arrays depending on the source strength, distance between source and receiver, and atmospheric conditions. Another type of signal arrival at infrasound arrays is the seismic induced motion of the sensor itself, or ground-motion-induced sensor noise. Measured acoustic and seismic waves produced by earthquakes can provide insight into properties of the earthquake such as magnitude, depth, and focal mechanism, as well as information about the local lithology and atmospheric conditions. Large earthquakes that produce strong acoustic signals detected at distances greater than 100 km are the most commonly studied; however, more recent studies have found that smaller magnitude earthquakes (Mw<2.0) can be detected at short ranges. In that vein, this study will investigate the ability for a long-term deployment of infrasound sensors (deployed as part of the Source Physics Experiments [SPE] from 2014 to 2020) to detect both seismic and infrasonic signals from earthquakes at local ranges (<50 km). Methods used include a combination of spectral analysis and automated array processing, supported by U.S. Geological Survey earthquake bulletins. This investigation revealed no clear acoustic detections for short range earthquakes. However, secondary infrasound from an Mw 7.1 earthquake over 200 km away was detected. Important insights were also made regarding the performance of the SPE networks including detections of other acoustic sources such as bolides and rocket launches. Finally, evaluation of the infrasound arrays is performed to provide insight into optimal deployments for targeting earthquake infrasound.
Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Glycaemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sharma Suresh K ,   College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, Mudgal Shiv Kumar ,   College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India, Kalra Sanjay ,   Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital and BRIDE, Karnal, Haryana, India, Gaur Rakhi ,   College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India, Thakur Kalpana ,   College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, Agarwal Rajat ,   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
Published: June 2023

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe public health issue notably impacting human life and health expenditure. It has been observed in literature that intermittent fasting (IF) addresses diabetes and its underlying cause, which benefits people with diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of IF treatment on glycaemic control in people with T2DM compared with control group. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies among patients with T2DM with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as an outcome was performed. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar, for articles published before 24 April 2022, was done. Studies reporting 24 hours of complete fasting or intermittent restricted energy intake (feeding permitted for only 4–8 hours daily, with 16–20 hours of fasting) and reporting changes in HbA1c and fasting glucose levels were eligible. Meta-analysis was performed using Cochrane’s Q statistic and the I2 statistical approach. Results: Eleven studies (13 arms) measuring the effect of IF on patients’ HbA1c level were analysed. There was no statistically significant difference between IF and control groups (Standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.20 to 0.04;p=0.19, I2=22%). Overall, seven studies on patients’ fasting blood glucose were analysed, and the meta-analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups i.e. IF and control groups (SMD 0.06, 95% CI -0.25 to 0.38;p=0.69, I2=76%). Conclusion: IF and usual diet pattern have no difference in terms of glycaemic control. Although, IF may be used as a preventative diet pattern in the pre-diabetic population, as it works well in the long-term to achieve controlled sugar levels. Study registration: The protocol of this study was registered in The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with a registration number CRD42022328528.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth
Authors: Berman Casey ,   Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Vidmar Alaina P ,   Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,   Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Chao Lily C ,   Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,   Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Published: June 2023

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have gained traction for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Unlike several classes of antidiabetic medications that contribute to weight gain, GLP-1RAs not only reduce haemoglobin A1c, but also promote weight loss. While there is a large body of evidence supporting its safety and efficacy in adults, paediatric clinical trial data have only emerged in recent years. This review will discuss the limited treatment options for paediatric type 2 diabetes and the mechanism of action of GLP-1RAs as it pertains to physiological pathways relevant for type 2 diabetes, obesity and their related comorbidities. The outcomes of paediatric trials evaluating liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide and dulaglutide in paediatric type 2 diabetes and obesity will be closely examined, including differences compared with adult studies. Finally, potential barriers and strategies to expanding GLP-1RA access in adolescents will be discussed. Future studies are needed to determine if the cardio- and renal-protective benefits of GLP-1RAs apply to youth-onset type 2 diabetes.
The Important Role of Intermuscular Adipose Tissue on Metabolic Changes Interconnecting Obesity, Ageing and Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suka Aryana I Gusti Putu ,   Geriatric Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Prof. I Goesti Ngoerah Gde Ngoerah Teaching Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Paulus Ivana Beatrice ,   Wangaya General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Kalra Sanjay ,   Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India,   Department of Research, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, India, Daniella Dian ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/ I Goesti Ngoerah Gde Ngoerah Teaching Hospital, Bali, Denpasar, Indonesia, Kuswardhani Raden Ayu Tuty ,   Geriatric Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/ I Goesti Ngoerah Gde Ngoerah Teaching Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Suastika Ketut ,   Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicin, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/ I Goesti Ngoerah Gde Ngoerah Teaching Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Wibisono Sony ,   Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Airlangga University, Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: June 2023

As age increases, adipose tissue infiltrates muscle tissue and leads to sarcopenia. When excessive accumulation of adipose tissue accompanied progressive decrease in lean body mass especially visceral fat, termed as sarcopenic obesity (SO) and related metabolic intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is an ectopic tissue found between muscle groups, and is distinct from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Until now, the association between IMAT and metabolic health was not understood. This study is the first systematic review assessing the association between IMAT and metabolic health. The PubMed, Science Direct and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting IMAT and metabolic risk. The descriptions of the extracted data are guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement with a Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. This study is registered at PROSPERO (identifier: CRD42022337518). Six studies were pooled and reviewed using critical appraisal by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine checklist. Two clinical trials and four observational trials were included. Our results reveal that IMAT is associated with metabolic risk, especially in older adults and patients with obesity. However, in a person with abdominal obesity, VAT has a more significant role in metabolic risk than IMAT. The largest decrease in IMAT was achieved by combining aerobic with resistance training.
Patients’ Beliefs in Optimal Pain Management: A Pilot Study
Authors: Russell Alex ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, Marcinkowski Bridget ,   The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA, Chin May ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
Published: June 2023

Opioids are commonly prescribed for chronic pain despite potential adverse side effects, risks of misuse and abuse, and limited evidence for improved outcomes. Patients’ perspectives and understanding of pain management may impact treatment approaches and the success of therapies. Yet, few studies have investigated how patients’ beliefs in optimal pain management may influence their care. We prospectively surveyed 200 patients with chronic pain with the aim of assessing patients’ beliefs on the optimal management of their chronic pain. The following significant findings were made: 1) most responders agreed that opioid medication was the best way to control pain (p<0.05), especially those currently taking opioids (p<0.0001); 2) those who received injections for pain disagreed that opioids were the best way to control pain (p<0.0001); 3) most participants were aware of other options to control pain (p<0.05), but patients on opioids were significantly less aware of other options for pain control (p<0.05). This study demonstrated that most patients with chronic pain surveyed in our clinic believed that opioids were the best option for treating their chronic pain, but this finding did not hold true for those who were exposed to other interventions for their pain, such as injections. Pain physicians may encounter resistance when attempting to incorporate non-opioid and or non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain management. Further research may help determine whether patient education and exposure to such therapies can help combat these challenges.
Wellness in Parkinson’s Disease: A Framework for Management Using a Holistic Culturally Sensitive Approach
Authors: Subramanian Indu ,   Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,   PADRECC, West Los Angeles, Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Perepezko Kate ,   National Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Family Support, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Stone Britt ,   Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA, Chaudhuri Ray K ,   Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,   Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London, UK, Pontone Gregory M ,   Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Published: June 2023

The concept of wellness has yet to be formally adopted in Parkinson’s disease (PD) management despite its potential to improve quality of life. Currently, PD treatment is usually focused on symptomatic therapies for motor symptom relief using medications or devices. While the focus on non-motor symptoms has increased in the last decade, it remains suboptimal. Future clinical practice should strive to incorporate the more holistic 'dashboard vitals of PD', which include comorbidities/polypharmacy and dental, vision, bone, and gut health and go beyond just motor and non-motor issues. Furthermore, recognizing and addressing the cultural context of the patient and practising healthcare from a place of cultural humility can help decrease barriers to care and build trust. Promoting self-agency through personalized lifestyle interventions, such as healthy diet, exercise, sleep routines, mind–body approaches and social support, can make them more accessible and easier to maintain. Building upon the concept of personalized medicine in PD, wellness programmes can proactively target non-motor issues and mental and psychosocial health by enhancing resilience and supporting social connections. The desired outcome of a wellness approach extends beyond the traditional medical model to improve quality of life in a more enduring manner.
Use of telemedicine to assist in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis from a clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Takei Edson Kenzo , Kieran Nicholas William
Published: June 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological autoimmune disease that affects nearly 100,000 Canadians between the ages of 20 and 49 [1]. The disease damages myelin, a protective layer surrounding nerves, which causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system (CNS) [1]. Common symptoms for patients with MS include vision impairment, loss of coordination, and cognitive impairment. As of 2015, the life expectancy of MS patients is approximately 7 years shorter than the general population, with a cause of death due to the disease itself or related conditions such as infections [1, 2]. Despite the significant global prevalence of MS and its severity, no cure has been discovered, and instead all approved treatments merely aim to slow down disease progression [1]. As such, timely diagnosis of MS is critical to minimize the more severe symptoms early in life [3].
LGBTIQ+ education for making teaching inclusive? Voices of teachers from all around the world
Authors: Huertas-Abril Cristina A. , Palacios-Hidalgo Francisco Javier
Published: June 2023

As the protection of the rights and integrity of LGBTIQ+ people seems to be increasing in some parts of the world, discrimination and violence towards them remain a reality in many other contexts. As a result, there is a growing number of initiatives for making education LGBTIQ+-inclusive in order to enhance educational inclusiveness and train fully prepared democratic citizens. However, research is still limited when examining the perceptions of in-service teachers regarding the appropriateness of addressing topics connected to gender identity and diversity and the reality of the LGBTIQ+ community in their lessons and their training to do so. By using a structured interview distributed online, this qualitative study explores the attitudes of 89 in-service teachers from all around the world regarding the introduction of these issues in education. Findings show that, in general, participants agree with the relevance of these issues but highlight that their sensitive nature needs to be considered. Moreover, there seems to be a lack of training in this respect, which would be appreciated. Ultimately, this article intends to expand both research and reflection on the importance of making education LGBTIQ+-inclusive as a means to promote educational inclusiveness and the training of democratic citizens of tomorrow.
Co-creation of local gastronomy for regional development in a slow city
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Viçosa & Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil, Emmendoerfer Magnus , Almeida Thiago Chagas de ,   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração – Pública, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brasil, Richards Greg ,   Breda University of Applied Sciences & Tilburg University, Netherlands, Marques Lénia ,   Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Department of Arts and Culture Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
Published: June 2023

This study describes the process of developing a typical dish for a slow city, using the lens of co-creation and coproduction. The slow movement argues that appreciation of local cuisine increases through events and developing slow food practices. Participant observation and interviews with actors involved in the development process revealed the symbolic components used to enhance the cultural heritage of Vizela, Portugal as a slow city. The research shows that the slow city initiative has gradually provided the basis for a gastronomic attraction to support tourist development. The development of a typical dish for the city was found to aid the recovery and revalorization of local knowledge, while the support of gastronomic culture by the local authority and community participation helped to strengthen regional identity and to develop an attractive and sustainable tourist offer. Thus, this study revealed the importance of residents in this development process as well as showed requirements that may support the rescue and cocreation of typical dishes for tourism.
Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Patients with Chronic Hepatopathy in a Reference Center of Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Menezes Gisele , Almeida Delvone , Pacheco Sidelcina , Campos Maurício , Gouvea Michele , Pinho Joao , Nascimento Roberto , Freire Songeli , Schaer Robert , Schinoni Maria
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Hepatitis E virus infection can lead to severe liver disease and unregulated hepatitis in patients with a history of previous chronic liver disease of different etiologies. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis E in untreated carriers of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, autoimmune hepatitis and in patients with drug-induced liver disease. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a total sample of 301 outpatient hepatology volunteers. The detection of anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies was determined using the ELISA (RecomWell anti-HEV IgG and IgM, Mikrogen®, Germany), One-step real-time PCR was used for the detection of HEV-RNA (Taqman, Life Technologies TM, Foster City, CA, USA). Results: The overall prevalence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM in the population studied was 12.95% and 2.3%, respectively. The prevalence by group were: anti-HEV IgG: hepatitis C virus with 13.2%, hepatitis B virus with 13%, autoimmune hepatitis with 8.1 and drug-induced liver disease with 21.1. Patients with HCV chronic hepatitis and positive HCV IgG serology showed an increase in transaminase levels in 66.7% (10/15) of the cases, while in the seronegative patients this increase was present in 42.4% (42/99) of the cases (p<0.05). Conclusions: A high seroprevalence of HEV was observed. Among the patients with serology concomitantly positive for anti HEV IgG and IgM, 57.1% (4/7) had higher levels of TGO and TGP, suggesting acute HEV infection. A relationship between hepatitis C and E virus co-infection and elevated transaminase levels has been demonstrated. Future studies with evaluation of several clinical parameters are necessary.
Folate and Folic Acid Metabolism: A Significant Nutrient-Gene-Environment Interaction
Authors: Smith David
Published: June 2023

Folate has an important metabolic role by providing one carbon units that are used for nucleotide biosynthesis and methylation reactions that are both vital for epigenetic control, genomic stability and the maintenance of health. Important not only for its availability as an essential nutrient but folate also intertwines us firmly within the environment as part of an unexpected link between light and the genome. Folate deficiency has been overcome by replacement with folic acid, taken as a supplement and/or through food fortification but is this solving one problem but risking others with the wider long-term implication of this manipulation in its potential to alter the human genome. The mandatory folic acid food fortification public health policy and implementation needs to be re-examined and possibly debated in the public arena, particularly in view of the risk of altering the human genome. Have the public been adequately informed and are there implications for the whole vitamin and mineral supplement industry?