bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dental diaspora: oral health care attitudes and experiences in culturally and linguistically diverse mothers in Australia
Authors: Marcus Kanchan , Balasubramanian Madhan , Short Stephanie D , Sohn Woosung
Published: November 2022

Background

Globally oral health care is unequally accessible or utilised within culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrant communities. Yet much remains unknown about CALD mothers and their oral healthcare experiences in Australia. Hence, this paper explores the oral health care attitudes and experiences of CALD mothers within the Australian context with the broader objective to reduce oral health inequalities.

Methods

Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted from a social constructivism paradigm. Participants were foreign country born, spoke language/s other than English and have a child. Purposive snowball sampling and recruitment was conducted through CALD organisations and social media. Participants were interviewed for their attitudes and experiences to dental care and frequency of utilisation in Australia and the home country. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and grounded analysis (Strauss and Corbin) performed. Researcher bias was reduced through reflexivity and triangulation.

Results

The participants (n = 33) included 20 CALD mothers born in India and 13 from either China, Fiji, Nepal, Macedonia and Israel. The theme, experiences with health workforce personnel revealed positive attitudes toward CALD providers from similar cultural and/or linguistic backgrounds. We coin these CALD providers as the ‘dental diaspora’. The dental diaspora facilitated CALD mothers through culture and/or language factors, alleviating cost barriers and flexibility in appointments. Dental travel to the home country was affirmed, however family visitation was the foremost reason for travel.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the dental diaspora plays a significant role in promoting oral health care utilisation for first generation CALD mothers in Australia. This paper brings to light the phenomenon of the ‘dental diaspora’ as an essential health workforce that contributes to addressing inequities in oral healthcare utilisation within CALD migrant communities. Universal health coverage in oral health is further affirmed, as aligned to the WHO policy context.
Photoacoustic mediated multifunctional tumor antigen trapping nanoparticles inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer by enhancing tumor immunogenicity
Authors: Zhong Xiaowen , Li Chenyang , Zhao Guangzong , Li Mengmeng , Chen Shuning , Cao Yang , Wang Qi , Sun Jiangchuan , Zhu Shenyin , Chang Shufang
Published: November 2022

The hypoimmunogenicity of tumors is one of the main bottlenecks of cancer immunotherapy. Enhancing tumor immunogenicity can improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy by increasing antigen exposure and presentation, and establishing an inflammatory microenvironment. Here, a multifunctional antigen trapping nanoparticle with indocyanine green (ICG), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and oxaliplatin (OXA) (PPIAO) has been developed for tumor photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality imaging and therapy. The combination of photothermal/photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy induced tumor antigen exposure and release through immunogenic death of tumor cells. A timely capture and storage of antigens by aluminum hydroxide enabled dendritic cells to recognize and present those antigens spatiotemporally. In an ovarian tumor model, the photoacoustic-mediated PPIAO NPs combination therapy achieved a transition from “cold tumor” to “hot tumor” that promoted more CD8+ T lymphocytes activation in vivo and intratumoral infiltration, and successfully inhibited the growth of primary and metastatic tumors. An in situ tumor vaccine effect was produced from the treated tumor tissue, assisting mice against the recurrence of tumor cells. This study provided a simple and effective personalized tumor vaccine strategy for better treatment of metastatic and recurrent tumors. The developed multifunctional tumor antigen trapping nanoparticles may be a promising nanoplatform for integrating multimodal imaging monitoring, tumor treatment, and tumor vaccine immunotherapy.
Defects of microtubule cytoskeletal organization in NOA human testes
Authors: Wu Xiaolong , Yun Damin , Sang Mengmeng , Liu Jianpeng , Zhou Liwei , Shi Jie , Wang Lingling , Bu Tiao , Li Linxi , Huang YingYing , Lin Dengfeng , Sun Fei , Cheng C. Yan
Published: November 2022

The importance of actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletons in testis function in rodents is known to some extent, but its role in the etiology of azoospermia in humans remains unexplored. Here, we examined if MT cytoskeleton was defective in NOA (non-obstructive azoospermia) testes versus normal human testes based on histopathological, immunofluorescence (IF), and scRNA-Seq transcriptome profiling. Testis biopsy samples fromn = 6 normal menversus n = 3 Sertoli cell only (SCO) andn = 3 MA (meiotic arrest) of NOA patients were used for histopathological analysis. IF analysis was also used to examine MT organization across the seminiferous epithelium, investigating the likely involvement of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). scRNA-Seq transcriptome profiling datasets from testes of 3 SCO patientsversus3 normal men in public domain in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Sample (GSM) with identifiers were analyzed to examine relevant genes that regulate MT dynamics. NOA testes of MA and SCO patients displayed notable defects in MT organization across the epithelium with extensive truncation, mis-alignments and appeared as collapsed structures near the base of the tubules. These changes are in contrast to MTs in testes of normal men. scRNA-Seq analyses revealed considerable loss of spermatogenesis capacity in SCO testes of NOA patientsversusnormal men. An array of genes that support MT dynamics displayed considerable changes in expression and in spatial distribution. In summary, defects in MT cytoskeleton were noted in testes of NOA (SCO) patients, possibly mediated by defective spatial expression and/or distribution of MAPs. These changes, in turn, may impede spermatogenesis in SCO testes of NOA patients.
Visualization of clonal expansion after massive depletion of cells carrying the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) integration sites during the course of disease progression in a BLV naturally-infected cow: a case report
Authors: Saito Susumu , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Yamanaka Meripet Polat , Mizutani Tetsuya , Takeshima Shin-nosuke , Aida Yoko
Published: November 2022

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle, integrates into host DNA as a provirus, and induces malignant B-cell lymphoma. Previous studies have addressed the impact of proviral integration of BLV on BLV-induced leukemogenesis. However, no studies have monitored sequential changes in integration sites in which naturally infected BLV individuals progress from the premalignant stage to the terminal disease. Here, we collected blood samples from a single, naturally infected Holstein cow at three disease progression stages (Stage I: polyclonal stage, Stage II: polyclonal toward oligoclonal stage, Stage III: oligoclonal stage) and successfully visualized the kinetics of clonal expansion of cells carrying BLV integration sites using our BLV proviral DNA-capture sequencing method. Although 24 integration sites were detected in Stages I and II, 92% of these sites experienced massive depletion in Stage III. Of these sites, 46%, 37%, and 17% were located within introns of Refseq genes, intergenic regions, and repetitive sequences, respectively. At Stage III cattle with lymphoma, only two integration sites were generated de novo in the intergenic region of Chr1, and the intron of the CHEK2 gene on Chr17 was significantly increased. Our results are the first to demonstrate clonal expansion after the massive depletion of cells carrying BLV integration sites in a naturally infected cow.
A simple and efficient method to quantify the cell parameters of the seed coat, embryo and silique wall in rapeseed
Authors: Jiao Yushun , Liang Baoling , Yang Guangsheng , Xin Qiang , Hong Dengfeng
Published: November 2022

Background

Researchers interested in the seed size of rapeseed need to quantify the cell size and number of cells in the seed coat, embryo and silique wall. Scanning electron microscope-based methods have been demonstrated to be feasible but laborious and costly. After image preparation, the cell parameters are generally evaluated manually, which is time consuming and a major bottleneck for large-scale analysis. Recently, two machine learning-based algorithms, Trainable Weka Segmentation (TWS) and Cellpose, were released to overcome this long-standing problem. Moreover, the MorphoLibJ and LabelsToROIs plugins in Fiji provide user-friendly tools to deal with cell segmentation files. We attempted to verify the practicability and efficiency of these advanced tools for various types of cells in rapeseed.

Results

We simplified the current image preparation procedure by skipping the fixation step and demonstrated the feasibility of the simplified procedure. We developed three methods to automatically process multicellular images of various tissues in rapeseed. The TWS–Fiji (TF) method combines cell detection with TWS and cell measurement with Fiji, enabling the accurate quantification of seed coat cells. The Cellpose–Fiji (CF) method, based on cell segmentation with Cellpose and quantification with Fiji, achieves good performance but exhibits systematic error. By removing border labels with MorphoLibJ and detecting regions of interest (ROIs) with LabelsToROIs, the Cellpose–MorphoLibJ–LabelsToROIs (CML) method achieves human-level performance on bright-field images of seed coat cells. Intriguingly, the CML method needs very little manual calibration, a property that makes it suitable for massive-scale image processing. Through a large-scale quantitative evaluation of seed coat cells, we demonstrated the robustness and high efficiency of the CML method at both the single-cell level and the sample level. Furthermore, we extended the application of the CML method to developing seed coat, embryo and silique wall cells and acquired highly precise and reliable results, indicating the versatility of this method for use in multiple scenarios.

Conclusions

The CML method is highly accurate and free of the need for manual correction. Hence, it can be applied for the low-cost, high-throughput quantification of diverse cell types in rapeseed with high efficiency. We envision that this method will facilitate the functional genomics and microphenomics studies of rapeseed and other crops.
Towards a potential pan-cancer prognostic signature for gene expression based on probesets and ensemble machine learning
Authors: Chicco Davide , Alameer Abbas , Rahmati Sara , Jurman Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and can be caused by environmental aspects (for example, exposure to asbestos), by human behavior (such as smoking), or by genetic factors. To understand which genes might be involved in patients’ survival, researchers have inventedprognostic genetic signatures: lists of genes that can be used in scientific analyses to predict if a patient will survive or not. In this study, we joined together five different prognostic signatures, each of them related to a specific cancer type, to generate a unique pan-cancer prognostic signature, that contains 207 unique probesets related to 187 unique gene symbols, with one particular probeset present in two cancer type-specific signatures (203072_at related to the MYO1E gene). We applied our proposed pan-cancer signature with the Random Forests machine learning method to 57 microarray gene expression datasets of 12 different cancer types, and analyzed the results. We also compared the performance of our pan-cancer signature with the performances of two alternative prognostic signatures, and with the performances of each cancer type-specific signature on their corresponding cancer type-specific datasets. Our results confirmed the effectiveness of our prognostic pan-cancer signature. Moreover, we performed a pathway enrichment analysis, which indicated an association between the signature genes and a protein-protein interaction analysis, that highlighted PIK3R2 and FN1 as key genes having a fundamental relevance in our signature, suggesting an important role in pan-cancer prognosis for both of them.
Public awareness and knowledge of sepsis: a cross-sectional survey of adults in Canada
Authors: Parsons Leigh Jeanna , Brundin-Mather Rebecca , Moss Stephana Julia , Nickel Angie , Parolini Ariana , Walsh Deirdre , Bigham Blair L. , Carter Alix J. E. , Fox-Robichaud Alison , Fiest Kirsten M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Sepsis is a life-threatening complication of the body’s response to infection. The financial, medical, and psychological costs of sepsis to individuals and to the healthcare system are high. Most sepsis cases originate in the community, making public awareness of sepsis essential to early diagnosis and treatment. There has been no comprehensive examination of adult’s sepsis knowledge in Canada.

Methods

We administered an online structured survey to English- or French-literate adults in Canada. The questionnaire comprised 28 questions in three domains: awareness, knowledge, and information access. Sampling was stratified by age, sex, and geography and weighted to 2016 census data. We used descriptive statistics to summarize responses; demographic differences were tested using the Rao–Scott correction for weighted chi-squared tests and associations using multiple variable regression.

Results

Sixty-one percent of 3200 adults sampled had heard of sepsis. Awareness differed by respondent’s residential region, sex, education, and ethnic group (p < 0.001, all). The odds of having heard of sepsis were higher for females, older adults, respondents with some or completed college/university education, and respondents who self-identified as Black, White, or of mixed ethnicity (p < 0.01, all). Respondent’s knowledge of sepsis definitions, symptoms, risk factors, and prevention measures was generally low (53.0%, 31.5%, 16.5%, and 36.3%, respectively). Only 25% of respondents recognized vaccination as a preventive strategy. The strongest predictors of sepsis knowledge were previous exposure to sepsis, healthcare employment, female sex, and a college/university education (p < 0.001, all). Respondents most frequently reported hearing about sepsis through television (27.7%) and preferred to learn about sepsis from healthcare providers (53.1%).

Conclusions

Sepsis can quickly cause life-altering physical and psychological effects and 39% of adults sampled in Canada have not heard of it. Critically, a minority (32%) knew about signs, risk factors, and strategies to lower risk. Education initiatives should focus messaging on infection prevention, employ broad media strategies, and use primary healthcare providers to disseminate evidence-based information. Future work could explore whether efforts to raise public awareness of sepsis might be bolstered or hindered by current discourse around COVID-19, particularly those centered on vaccination.
Plasma amyloid-beta oligomer is related to subjective cognitive decline and brain amyloid status
Authors: Kim Keun You , Park Jaesub , Jeong Yong Hyu , Kim Hyun Jeong , Lee Eun , Park Jin Young , Kim Eosu , Kim Woo Jung
Published: November 2022

Background

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a target for Alzheimer’s disease prediction. Plasma amyloid-beta oligomer (AβO), the pathogenic form of Aβ in blood, has recently been proposed as a novel blood-based biomarker of AD prediction by representing brain Aβ deposition. The relationship between plasma AβO, brain Aβ deposition, and SCD in individuals with normal objective cognition has not been investigated.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 126 participants with normal objective cognition. More SCD symptoms were expressed as higher scores of the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCDQ) and Memory Age-associated Complaint Questionnaire (MACQ). The plasma AβO level of each participant was measured twice for validation and expressed as a concentration (ng/mL) and a ratio relative to the mean value of two internal standards. Brain Aβ deposition was assessed by [18F] flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET) and expressed as standard uptake value ratio (SUVR). Associations of SCDQ and MACQ with plasma AβO levels or SUVR were analyzed in multiple linear regression models. The association between plasma AβO level and flutemetamol PET positivity was assessed in logistic regression and receiver operative characteristic analyses.

Results

Overall, participants were 73.3 years old with female predominance (69.0%). After adjustment for confounders, high SCDQ and MACQ scores were associated with the high plasma AβO levels as both concentrations and ratios (ratios: standardized coefficient = 0.246 and p = 0.023 for SCDQ, standardized coefficient = 0.209 and p = 0.029 for MACQ; concentrations: standardized coefficient = 0.257 and p = 0.015 for SCDQ, standardized coefficient = 0.217 and p = 0.021 for MACQ). In contrast, SCDQ and MACQ were not significantly associated with SUVRs (p = 0.134 for SCDQ, p = 0.079 for MACQ). High plasma AβO levels were associated with flutemetamol PET (+) with an area under the curve of 0.694 (ratio) or 0.662 (concentration). Combined with APOE e4, plasma AβO presented area under the curves of 0.789 (ratio) and 0.783 (concentration).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the high plasma AβO level could serve as a potential surrogate biomarker of severe SCD and the presence of brain Aβ deposition in individuals with normal objective cognition.
Solvability of mixed Hilfer fractional functional boundary value problems with p-Laplacian at resonance
Authors: Meng Fanmeng , Jiang Weihua , Guo Chunjing , Zhou Lina
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the existence of solutions of mixed Hilfer fractional differential equations with p-Laplacian under the functional boundary conditions at resonance. By defining Banach spaces with appropriate norms, constructing suitable operators, and using the extension of the continuity theorem, some of the current results are extended to the nonlinear situation, and some new existence results of the problem are obtained. Finally, an example is given to verify our main results.
Antibiotic use in children under 5 years of age in Northern Tanzania: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of the caring mothers
Authors: Emgård Matilda , Mwangi Rose , Mayo Celina , Mshana Ester , Nkini Gertrud , Andersson Rune , Lepp Margret , Skovbjerg Susann , Muro Florida
Published: November 2022

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to the global achievements in child health thus far. Previous studies have found high use of antibiotics in children in Northern Tanzania, but the experiences of the primary care-givers, who play a key role in accessing and administering antibiotics for the sick child, have remained largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand mothers’ conceptions of antibiotic use in their children, which is of importance when forming strategies to improve antibiotic use in the community.

Method

A qualitative study including eight focus group discussions with mothers of under-five children in Moshi urban and rural districts, Northern Tanzania, was performed during 2019. The discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English and analysed according to the phenomenographic approach.

Findings

Three conceptual themes emerged during analysis; (1) conceptions of disease and antibiotics, (2) accessing treatment and (3) administering antibiotics. Antibiotics were often perceived as a universal treatment for common symptoms or diseases in children with few side-effects. Although mothers preferred to attend a healthcare facility, unforeseen costs, long waits and lack of financial support from their husbands, posed barriers for healthcare seeking. However, pharmacies were perceived as a cheap and convenient option to access previously used or prescribed antibiotics. Some mothers sought advice from a trusted neighbour regarding when to seek healthcare, thus resembling the function of the community health worker.

Conclusions

To improve antibiotic use in children under 5 years of age in Northern Tanzania, the precarious situation that women often find themselves in as they access treatment for their sick children needs to be taken into consideration. It is necessary to improve structures, including the healthcare system, socioeconomic inequalities and promoting gender equality both in the household and in the public arena to reduce misuse of antibiotics. Meanwhile, equipping community health workers to support Tanzanian women in appropriate healthcare seeking for their children, may be a feasible target for intervention.
Evaluation of SI, MSI and DSI for very early (3-day) mortality in patients with septic shock
Authors: Zhang Tie-Ning , Hao Peng-Hui , Gao Shan-Yan , Liu Chun-Feng , Yang Ni
Published: November 2022

Background

Septic shock is associated with increased mortality. Predicting mortality, including early prediction for septic shock patients in intensive care units (ICUs), remains an important challenge.

Method

We searched the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the relationships between shock index (SI), modified SI (MSI), and diastolic SI (DSI) of patients with septic shock requiring vasopressors and 3-day/in-hospital mortality were calculated using logistic regression models. The time-course changes of these parameters were compared between survivors and non-survivors. The performance of the different parameters was described by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and compared with DeLong analysis.

Results

A total of 1266 patients with septic shock requiring vasopressors were identified. The 3-day mortality rate and in-hospital mortality rate were 8.7% and 23.5%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between pre-vasopressor SI/MSI/DSI and 3-day mortality in patients with septic shock requiring vasopressors in fully adjusted models (Ps for trend < 0.01). The AUCs of pre-vasopressor SI, MSI, and DSI were 0.746, 0.710, and 0.732 for 3-day mortality, respectively. There were significant differences in the time-course of SI, MSI, and DSI between survivors and non-survivors at 3-day/in-hospital mortality among patients with septic shock requiring vasopressors (repeated-measures ANOVA, inter-subjects difference P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Pre-vasopressor SI, MSI, and DSI values identified patients with septic shock requiring vasopressors who are at increased risk of early death. Of these easy-to-acquire values, SI and MSI show a comparatively better performance.
Assessment of socio-relational self-efficacy in breast cancer patients: Italian validation of the social relationship coping efficacy scale (SRCE-I)
Authors: Serpentini Samantha , Silvestri Giulia , Catarinella Antonio , Cristaldi Grazia , Borgese Caterina , Deledda Giuseppe , Sommacal Samuela , Iannopollo Letizia , Calvo Vincenzo , Ronconi Lucia , Merluzzi Thomas V.
Published: November 2022

Background

Social relationship coping efficacy (SRCE) represents the ability to maintain or enhance social relationships in the context of serious illness. The purpose of the current study was to confirm the factor structure, psychometric properties, and utility of the Italian version of the SRCE scale.

Methods

181 breast cancer patients completed the SRCE-Italian (SRCE-I), the Cancer Behavior Inventory–Brief/Italian (CBI–B/I), quality of life (QOL) measures (EORTC QLQ-C30; EORTC QLQ-BR23), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Results

The SRCE-I was internally consistent (Cronbach alpha = .95) and factor analysis confirmed that the SRCE-I was a unidimensional construct. In terms of validity, the SRCE-I was correlated with QOL (EORTC QLQ-30, Social Functioning, r = .33, Emotional Functioning, r = .57, and Global Health/Quality of Life; r = .54) and scales of the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (e.g., Future Perspective, r = .38; Breast Symptoms, −.31). SRCE-I was also correlated negatively with the HADS (r = −.72) and positively with the CBI–B/I (r = .79), a measure of coping efficacy (all ps < .001). Mediation analyses confirmed the utility of the SRCE-I scale as a mediating mechanism in enhancing social functioning and QOL.

Conclusions

The SRCE-I is a structurally sound, reliable, and valid measure that assesses the ability to maintain or enhance social support and mitigate the loss of social support. The SRCE-I can be used as a screening measure to assess low efficacy for maintaining social support or as a measure to detect the change in efficacy for enhancing social support in interventions to improve the QOL of patients.
Ghana’s preparedness to exploit the medicinal value of industrial hemp
Authors: Quansah Amissah Richard
Published: November 2022

Background

Interest in industrial hemp is increasing steadily, as can be seen by the growing number of countries that have either decriminalized industrial hemp or are contemplating its decriminalization. In line with this trend, Ghana recently decriminalized the cultivation of industrial hemp (the cannabis variety with low Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and high cannabidiol (CBD) content), resulting in the need for research into its benefits to Ghanaians. This article examines cannabis (including industrial hemp) production, facilities for industrial hemp exploitation, and the potential benefits of industrial hemp in Ghana.

Main body

Indigenous cannabis strains in Ghana have high THC to CBD ratios suggesting the need for the government to purchase foreign hemp seeds, considering that the alternative will require significant research into decreasing the THC to CBD ratio of indigenous cannabis strains. Furthermore, there are several facilities within the country that could be leveraged for the production of medicinal hemp-based drugs, as well as the existence of a number of possible regulatory bodies in the country, suggesting the need for less capital. Research has also shown the potential for treatment of some medical conditions prevalent among Ghanaians using medicinal hemp-based products. These reasons suggest that the most feasible option may be for the government to invest in medicinal hemp.

Conclusion

Considering the challenges associated with the development of other hemp-based products, the availability of resources in the country for exploitation of medicinal hemp, and the potential benefits of hemp-based drugs to Ghanaians, investing in medicinal hemp may be the best option for the government of Ghana.
Durvalumab With or Without Tremelimumab in Combination With Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy for Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase III POSEIDON Study
Authors: Johnson Melissa L. , Cho Byoung Chul , Luft Alexander , Alatorre-Alexander Jorge , Geater Sarayut Lucien , Laktionov Konstantin , Kim Sang-We , Ursol Grygorii , Hussein Maen , Lim Farah Louise , Yang Cheng-Ta , Araujo Luiz Henrique , Saito Haruhiro , Reinmuth Niels , Shi Xiaojin , Poole Lynne , Peters Solange , Garon Edward B. , Mok Tony ,   for the POSEIDON investigators
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE

The open-label, phase III POSEIDON study evaluated tremelimumab plus durvalumab and chemotherapy (T + D + CT) and durvalumab plus chemotherapy (D + CT) versus chemotherapy alone (CT) in first-line metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC).

METHODS

Patients (n = 1,013) with EGFR/ ALK wild-type mNSCLC were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to tremelimumab 75 mg plus durvalumab 1,500 mg and platinum-based chemotherapy for up to four 21-day cycles, followed by durvalumab once every 4 weeks until progression and one additional tremelimumab dose; durvalumab plus chemotherapy for up to four 21-day cycles, followed by durvalumab once every 4 weeks until progression; or chemotherapy for up to six 21-day cycles (with or without maintenance pemetrexed; all arms). Primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for D + CT versus CT. Key alpha-controlled secondary end points were PFS and OS for T + D + CT versus CT.

RESULTS

PFS was significantly improved with D + CT versus CT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.89; P = .0009; median, 5.5 v 4.8 months); a trend for improved OS did not reach statistical significance (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.02; P = .0758; median, 13.3 v 11.7 months; 24-month OS, 29.6% v 22.1%). PFS (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.86; P = .0003; median, 6.2 v 4.8 months) and OS (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.92; P = .0030; median, 14.0 v 11.7 months; 24-month OS, 32.9% v 22.1%) were significantly improved with T + D + CT versus CT. Treatment-related adverse events were maximum grade 3/4 in 51.8%, 44.6%, and 44.4% of patients receiving T + D + CT, D + CT, and CT, respectively; 15.5%, 14.1%, and 9.9%, respectively, discontinued treatment because of treatment-related adverse events.

CONCLUSION

D + CT significantly improved PFS versus CT. A limited course of tremelimumab added to durvalumab and chemotherapy significantly improved OS and PFS versus CT, without meaningful additional tolerability burden, representing a potential new option in first-line mNSCLC.
Tragedy and Juridical Forms
Authors: Toscano Alberto
Published: November 2022

Foucault returned to the text of Sophocles’s Oedipus Tyrannos at various critical junctures in his thought. This article homes in on the place of that tragedy in the passage from the analytic of knowledge-power to the problematization of government by truth that took place around 1980, namely in Foucault’s Collège de France lectures. Particular attention is placed on the delineation of the political meaning of “alethurgy,” a neologism through which Foucault sought to thematize the significance of practices concerned with the manifestation of truth for the exercise of political power. By drawing on historical and anthropological studies of Greek “pre-law,” Foucault was able to explore the juridical dimensions of the liturgy of truth, especially in the transition from the Homeric centrality of the agon to the emergence of the forensic inquiry with its reliance on the extraction of (slave) testimony. The reading of tragedy here doubles as a nuanced critique of the juridical production of truth, one with important connections to Foucault’s contemporaneous political efforts to support practices of legal defense that rejected the demand that the crimi nalized subject reveal himself in an “auto-alethurgy.”
Machine learning model to predict endophytic colonisation of rice cultivar plant tissues by Beauveria bassiana isolates and their potential as bio-control agents against rice stem borer using existing knowledge
Authors: Megnidio-Tchoukouegno Mireille Merlise , Gueguim Kana Evariste Bosco , Bancole Wonroo B.A.
Published: November 2022

Background: Finding well-known Beauveria bassiana isolates that could preserve rice crops from Sesamia calamistis (stem borer) is problematic. Another difficult task is the development of precise inoculation methods, which have been employed for their establishment as endophytes in cereal crops. This study proposed machine learning models to predict the best entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana that could directly protect rice crops against Sesamia calamistis.

Methods: Data driven machine learning decisions were implemented and assessed from 60 experimental runs with nine different feature/input variables and three target/output variables following foliar spray and seed treatment inoculation method. The feature variables consisted of rice plant tissue, such as Nerica-L19, Nerica1, Nerica8, the time, and the five promising isolates Beauveria bassiana (Bb3, Bb4, Bb10, Bb21, Bb35). The target variable consisted of the number of colonised roots, stems and leaves, expressed as a percentage depending on the degree of protection after each inoculation. A data driven decision by the extreme gradient boosting regression algorithm was used to proficiently abstract the situation where there is no direct relationship between features and target variables.

Results: The foliar spray inoculation method exhibited high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99, 0.98 and 0.94 depending on the number of colonised stems, roots and leaves, respectively, while the seed treatment approach exhibited the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.91, 0.87 and 0.75, respectively.

Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm effectively abstracted the nonlinear relationship between the attribute variables that were taken into consideration and predicted Beauveria bassiana as a bio-pesticide for rice and perhaps other cereal stem borers. Thus, this XGBoost regression model could be used to navigate the optimization domain and reduce the development time of the biocontrol process.
The Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition (CHAIN) network nested case-cohort study protocol: a multi-omics approach to understanding mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
Authors: Njunge James M. , Tickell Kirkby , Diallo Abdoulaye Hama , Sayeem Bin Shahid Abu Sadat Mohammad , Gazi Md. Amran , Saleem Ali , Kazi Zaubina , Ali Syed , Tigoi Caroline , Mupere Ezekiel , Lancioni Christina L. , Yoshioka Emily , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Mburu Moses , Ngari Moses , Ngao Narshion , Gichuki Bonface , Omer Elisha , Gumbi Wilson , Singa Benson , Bandsma Robert , Ahmed Tahmeed , Voskuijl Wieger , Williams Thomas N. , Macharia Alex , Makale Johnstone , Mitchel Anna , Williams Jessica , Gogain Joe , Janjic Nebojsa , Mandal Rupasri , Wishart David S. , Wu Hang , Xia Lei , Routledge Michael , Gong Yun Yun , Espinosa Camilo , Aghaeepour Nima , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric , Lawley Trevor D. , Browne Hilary , Shao Yan , Rwigi Doreen , Kariuki Kevin , Kaburu Timothy , Uhlig Holm H. , Gartner Lisa , Jones Kelsey , Koulman Albert , Walson Judd , Berkley James
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Many acutely ill children in low- and middle-income settings have a high risk of mortality both during and after hospitalisation despite guideline-based care. Understanding the biological mechanisms underpinning mortality may suggest optimal pathways to target for interventions to further reduce mortality. The Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition (CHAIN) Network (www.chainnnetwork.org) Nested Case-Cohort Study (CNCC) aims to investigate biological mechanisms leading to inpatient and post-discharge mortality through an integrated multi-omic approach.

Methods and analysis; The CNCC comprises a subset of participants from the CHAIN cohort (1278/3101 hospitalised participants, including 350 children who died and 658 survivors, and 270/1140 well community children of similar age and household location) from nine sites in six countries across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Systemic proteome, metabolome, lipidome, lipopolysaccharides, haemoglobin variants, toxins, pathogens, intestinal microbiome and biomarkers of enteropathy will be determined. Computational systems biology analysis will include machine learning and multivariate predictive modelling with stacked generalization approaches accounting for the different characteristics of each biological modality. This systems approach is anticipated to yield mechanistic insights, show interactions and behaviours of the components of biological entities, and help develop interventions to reduce mortality among acutely ill children.

Ethics and dissemination. The CHAIN Network cohort and CNCC was approved by institutional review boards of all partner sites. Results will be published in open access, peer reviewed scientific journals and presented to academic and policy stakeholders. Data will be made publicly available, including uploading to recognised omics databases.

Trial registration NCT03208725.
Reception of the values of the Aeschylus drama and mnemonic imprints by ancient tragedy spectators
Authors: Mastrothanasis Konstantinos , Grammatas Theodore
Published: November 2022

Background: Ancient Greek tragedy remains today a special dramatic genre that expresses the concept of the classic through time, perhaps better than any other form of art and culture, representing, as a theatrical expression, the vision of the conception and expression of values of a particular era. In this context, the purpose of the present research is to study the humanitarian values of European culture, as they are expressed in ancient Greek drama, and to highlight the way in which these values are projected through modern drama and are impressed on the spectators.

Methods: To achieve this goal, 105 spectators watched the tragedy of Aeschylus ‘Seven against Thebes’ directed by Cesaris Grauzinis and answered, both immediately after watching the performance and six months later, a questionnaire, in order to record their opinions about the theatre performance they had attended.

Results: According to the findings of the comparative analyses, it emerged that the messages and values governing the work remain unchanged for its viewers over time. The memory is based on original audio-visual elements and directorial findings, confirming that it preserves the messages of the symbolism of the performance as well as the channels through which they were conveyed to the audience.

Conclusions: The correspondences between the past and the present, as well as the contrasts on stage, contributed to the reproduction of the fundamental moral values that the dramatic work brought, highlighting the work and messages of Aeschylus.
A rare case of fatal poisoning during long-term therapy with lithium carbonate - chronic poisoning, suicide or psychiatric malpractice?
Authors: Skowronek Rafał , Skowronek Anna , Tarka Sylwia , Niemir Zofia I. , Chudek Jerzy , Krzystanek Marek
Published: November 2022

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie przypadku nietypowego zatrucia węglanem litu u 57-letniej kobiety z chorobą afektywną dwubiegunową leczonej węglanem litu przez około 30 lat. Chora została przyjęta do szpitala z powodu znacznego pobudzenia. W wywiadzie uzyskanym od rodziny uwagę zwracała znaczna utrata masy ciała w ciągu ostatniego roku. W szpitalu pacjentce podano haloperidol i klonazepam. Badania laboratoryjne ujawniły bardzo wysokie stężenie litu – 3.79 mmol/l [N: 0,6-1,2 mmol/l] oraz podwyższone stężenie kreatyniny (3.6 mg/dl) i mocznika (110 mg/dl) w surowicy krwi. Pacjentka została przekazana do oddziału toksykologicznego, gdzie wykonano hemodializę z przyczyn toksykologicznych i wdrożono intensywne leczenie. Mimo szybkiego obniżenia stężenie litu stan chorej stopniowo ulegał pogorszeniu. Chora zmarła w piątym dniu hospitalizacji. Badania pośmiertne ujawniły zmiany wielotorbielowate nerek. Opracowując opinię sądowo-lekarską dotyczącą prawidłowości postępowania medycznego przyjęto, iż przyczyną zgonu było zatrucie litem w przebiegu zaawansowanej przewlekłej choroby nerek na podłożu ich torbielowatości, stanowiącej prawdopodobnie powikłanie wieloletniego stosowania preparatów litu. Analiza dokumentacji lekarskiej ujawniła, że chora odmawiała od 18 lat zalecanego przez psychiatrę monitorowania stężenia litu. Przypadek ten pokazuje, że zarówno psychiatrzy jak i toksykolodzy powinni mieć świadomość możliwego zatrucia węglanem litu związanego z pogorszeniem czynności wydalniczej nerek. Dlatego ocena funkcji nerek powinna być nieodłącznym elementem monitorowania terapii litem.
CAMPANHA “VOZES DE OUTUBRO”: SENSIBILIZAÇÃO JUNTO AO PÚBLICO VIRTUAL DO MUSEU DA VIDA
Authors: Oliveira Taiana Lílian Costa de , Viana Laís Lacerda , Lima Flávia Sousa , Rodrigues João Felipe Seghetto , Andrade Tiago da Luz
Published: November 2022

O Grupo de Trabalho Arte e Ciência do Serviço de Itinerância do Museu da Vida (Fiocruz), desenvolveu em 2020 a campanha virtual Vozes de Outubro, visando ressaltar a importância do mês dedicado ao incentivo de prevenção ao câncer de mama, o Outubro Rosa. Foi inspirada na exposição “A mulher e o câncer de mama no Brasil” – uma parceria entre a Casa de Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz e o INCA – Instituto Nacional de Câncer – aborda aspectos históricos e médicos das mamas e faz parte do portfólio de exposições do Serviço de Itinerância do museu desde 2017. A campanha recolheu depoimentos e fotografias de pessoas acometidas pelo câncer de mama e de amigos ou parentes, relatando suas experiências acerca da doença. A maioria dos depoimentos apresentaram mensagens de incentivo, importância do apoio familiar e de amigos, cuidado e autoestima, prevenção e tratamento, mostrando a relevância de campanhas que abordem a temática. Além dos depoimentos recebidos foram produzidas artes conceituais e releituras de obras com o objetivo de sensibilizar o público das redes sociais.
EDUCAÇÃO MUSEAL E ACESSIBILIDADE: O QUE APRENDEMOS COM A DEFICIÊNCIA?
Authors: Andrade Camila De Oliveira , Alves Camila Araújo
Published: November 2022

Resenha crítica da publicação “Educação Museal e Acessibilidade” organizado por Hilda Gomes, Bianca Reis e Ozias de Jesus Soares – profissionais do Museu da Vida da Fiocruz, com intuito de apresentar e relacionar conceitos do campo de pesquisa das acessibilidades como modelo social da deficiência, práticas anticapacitistas, Teoria Crip, entre outros, através da análise dos artigos presentes na publicação em questão.
INVENTIVIDADES DOCENTES EM REDE
Authors: Carvalho Felipe , Santos Edmea , Pimentel Mariano , Santos Rosemary dos , Menezes Marcos Vinícius Dias de
Published: November 2022

Editorial v. 6, n. 5 (2022): DOCÊNCIA EM TEMPOS DE CRISE, EXPERIÊNCIAS E DESAFIOS (EDIÇÃO ESPECIAL)
Comícios, Passeatas, Quebra-Quebra: um olhar sobre a historiografia dos protestos contra o Eixo no Brasil durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial (décadas de 1990-2010)
Authors: Menezes Neto Geraldo Magella de
Published: November 2022

O ano de 2022 simboliza os 80 anos da entrada do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945), em 1942, ao lado dos Aliados contra os países do Eixo. Fato marcante deste acontecimento foram os protestos populares ocorridos após os afundamentos de navios brasileiros pelos submarinos do Eixo, no qual a população exigiu uma resposta do governo, mesmo sob a ditadura do Estado Novo de Getúlio Vargas. Os protestos foram realizados em várias cidades do país, desencadeando ações mais violentas como agressões aos imigrantes alemães, italianos e japoneses e seus descendentes, além de saques e depredações aos seus estabelecimentos. Muitos estudos já foram produzidos sobre os significados destes protestos contra o Eixo. Assim, a efeméride dos 80 anos nos motiva a investigar essa produção. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é o de analisar a historiografia dos protestos contra o Eixo no Brasil ocorridos durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Para tal, analisamos vários trabalhos sobre a temática produzidos no período mais recente, entre as décadas de 1990 e 2010, procurando entender suas abordagens dos protestos, as influências teóricas, as fontes utilizadas, e suas interpretações. Compreender as manifestações populares contra o Eixo nos ajuda a observar a guerra e seus efeitos no Brasil a partir do ponto de vista da população, que teve seu cotidiano afetado pelo conflito mundial e também demonstrou o seu posicionamento perante os acontecimentos.
NO QUARTO DE VANDA: CINEMA, SOCIEDADE E CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Sepulveda Yuri
Published: November 2022

Este artigo é um recorte da minha dissertação de mestrado que teve por objetivo realizar uma análise do filme “No quarto da Vanda” do cineasta português Pedro Costa. Para isso, realizei a divisão do texto em três seções. A primeira consistiu em entender o que levou o mencionado cineasta a filmar no quarto de Vanda, como e o que ele fez para alcançar este objetivo. Para tanto, o livro “Um Melro Dourado, Um Ramo de Flores, Uma Colher de Prata”, que inclui uma longa entrevista feita a Pedro Costa pelo crítico francês Cyril Neyrat (2013) sobre o filme em questão, funcionou como fonte orientadora. Ao se observar as respostas concedidas por Costa, identificou-se os caminhos escolhidos pelo diretor para obtenção dos resultados do filme. Na segunda seção, dei início a apreciação do filme em suas estruturas técnicas e suas personagens. Por último, realizei uma ponderação sobre o que este filme, por meio de sua estética, nos fez conhecer politicamente. Como considerações finais foi possível perceber que o filme leva o espectador a questionar a noção de progresso, uma vez que o conduz a pensar e a se relacionar com as personagens do filme, possibilitando a entrada do espectador num espaço sem progresso, num espaço em que se conhece a dureza do discurso de poder e a capacidade do mesmo de gerar realidades tão adversas.
NARRATIVA DE ALTERIDADES: “FAZERESSABERES” MIGRATÓRIOS NOS CURRÍCULOS
Authors: Machado Marcelo Ferreira , Rodrigues Maria do Carmo De Morais Mata , Toja Noale
Published: November 2022

O planeta encontra-se hoje na maior crise humanitária registrada pela História e uma grande parte da população mundial encontra-se em deslocamento por razões extremas, em busca da sobrevivência. Moreira nos alerta para o fato da mobilidade humana ser um fenômeno mundial e de grandes dimensões. Com Alves, abordamos o tema no contexto das redes educativas, pois é um caminho para conhecermos sobre o assunto e desmistificarmos preconceitos. Para isso, Bobbio nos alerta que o preconceito é uma opinião errônea. Com Deleuze pensamos o cinema como artefato cultural potente nas conversas com estudantes e com o intuito de sensibilizá-los para um fato que muitas vezes faz parte da história familiar de cada um de nós. E com Dubois, trazemos o vídeo como um dispositivo de questionamento na tensão imagem-arte provocando nos expectadores o sentimento de alteridade.
INCLUSÃO DE ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA NA ESCOLA: ALGUNS APONTAMENTOS E REFLEXÕES
Authors: Uhmann Silvana Matos
Published: November 2022

Este texto trata da escolarização de alunos com deficiência em escola regular, buscando problematizar alguns limites e também possibilidades vivenciadas por uma realidade escolar. Trata-se de uma perspectiva qualitativa e de Análise Textual Discursiva que, por meio de observações e diálogos abertos com os sujeitos participantes da pesquisa, apresenta alguns apontamentos e reflexões suscitados ao longo dos encontros: passar do acesso escolar para a efetivação do aprender; qualificar os espaços e os educadores com condições que viabilizem a aprendizagem dos alunos com deficiência; a importância dos aspectos atitudinais e adaptativos frente alunos com deficiência; adaptações pedagógicas e arquitetônicas são imprescindíveis; a importância da formação continuada de professores para a qualificação da inclusão. Por fim, destaca-se a necessidade de acreditar na possibilidade da inclusão escolar para que esta realmente se efetive.
CIDADES POLARIZADAS E CIDADANIAS FRAGMENTADAS: REPENSANDO A PARTICIPAÇÃO E OPORTUNIDADES POLÍTICAS NOS ESPAÇOS URBANOS
Authors: Carvalho Rachel , Miscali Sandra Rangel de Souza
Published: November 2022

Esse artigo tem como objetivo contribuir na reflexão sobre o desigual processo de urbanização nas cidades brasileiras, bem como analisar a precariedade do Estado na garantia de direitos sociais que legitimam o processo da cidadania nos espaços públicos. Considera-se a dicotomia dos processos participativos urbanos, pois ora temos políticas institucionais que garantem direitos e fomentam interesses coletivos, ora temos contradições e correlações de força que vulnerabilizam os atores envolvidos e a garantia de direitos. Destaca-se que não basta estarmos atentos apenas às técnicas e procedimentos dessas políticas institucionais, mas deve-se considerar e analisar suas articulações nos processos participativos: Conselho Gestor de Políticas Públicas e Plano Diretor, que reflitam sobre o papel da ação coletiva.