bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes among Patients Visiting Nepal Police Hospital in Kathmandu: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rajbhandari Bibek , Hyoju Sundar Prasad , Poudel Lisasha , Adhikari Anurag , Rijal Badri , Joshi Pramod
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The growing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a critical threat for global health,including in Nepal, especially in Kathmandu District, where diabetic patients are increasing in hospitals catastrophically. This study tends to assess the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes among admitted patients visiting a hospital in Kathmandu.

Methods: An electronic chart review was done to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in NepalPolice hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Ethical approval was taken from the Nepal Health ResearchCouncil. Considering eligibility criteria, 8631 cases from 4 May 2018 to 31 August 2020 wereobserved. The calculated sample size was 500. However, all diabetic cases, i.e., 576, were processedand analyzed using Python and later visualized using MS Excel.

Results: The overall prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes was 6.67%. The prevalence rate was seen higher among males (7.5%). Similarly, a high prevalence rate was seen among 64-73 years, i.e., 15.10%.

Conclusions: The findings showed a high prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes. Older age groups are athigh risk. Urgent public health interventions including lifestyle modification measures are requiredto reduce the extra burden of type 2 diabetes.
Acceptance of Vaginal Birth After Caesarean Section Trial in Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khatri Ratna , Chand Arju , Thapa Manish , Thapa Sumana , Khadka Shailaja
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The rate of primary cesarean section is on the rising trend. Vaginal birth after cesarean section can be an alternative to reduce cesarean section worldwide. Antenatal examination and intrapartum monitoring are the most important factors for a vaginal birth after a cesarean section. This study aims to determine the acceptance of vaginal birth after cesarean section trial in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, from March 2019 to March 2020. All pregnant women with a previous history of cesarean section meeting Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynecology criteria were included. A trial of labor was conducted on the patients who accepted vaginal birth after cesarean section.

Results: A total of 85 cases with previous lower section cesarean section were included in the study. Out of which, 75 (88.2%) refused vaginal birth after cesarean section, and only 10 cases (11.8%) accepted to undergo a trial of labor. Five women (50%) had a successful vaginal birth. Complications were less among the vaginal birth after cesarean section group than the repeat cesarean section group. There was no maternal and neonatal mortality.

Conclusions: The acceptance of vaginal birth after cesarean section is very low in this study. No complications were observed among vaginal birth after cesarean section in our study.
Status of Thyroid Disorder among the Thyroid Function Test Samples Received in a Laboratory among Postmenopausal Women: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Manoranjan , Shrestha Reshmi
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction prevalence is high in females worldwide which increases with age. Postmenopausal and elderly women are particularly at risk of developing comorbidities and mortality related to thyroid dysfunction. We aimed to study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal women in the National Reference Laboratory of Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in National Reference Laboratory from January 2019 to June 2019 including postmenopausal females, â‰¥49 years. The database of thyroid function test result was used for statistical analysis and proportion of thyroid dysfunction was calculated. The data was collected after approval from the institutional review committee. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used to study descriptive data.

Results: Out of a total of 160 postmenopausal females with thyroid function tests, 71 (44.4%) had thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the frequently occurring thyroid dysfunction 51 (32%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism 13 (8%), hypothyroidism 3 (2%) and hyperthyroidism 3 (2%). In our study population, thyroid dysfunction peaked at 49 to 58 years of age interval 53 (33.1%) and subclinical hypothyroidism was the most frequent form 38 (23.7%).

Conclusions: Subclinical hypothyroidism was the common thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal age which peaked at 49 to 58 years of age group. Early postmenopausal females are predisposed to increased risk of comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis with high fracture, depression) which could be exacerbated with thyroid dysfunction; therefore awareness of thyroid dysfunction prevalence and thyroid screening for early management seems appropriate in Nepalese postmenopausal women.
Myalgic encephalomyelitis /chronic fatigue syndrome as a breakdown of homeostasis
Authors: Marks David F
Published: March 2021

ME/CFS a multi-system, complex illness disabling millions of people worldwide. A new theory holds that ME/CFS is caused by a breakdown of homeostasis [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-homeostasis/]. Homeostasis is a fundamental physiological principle that ensures equilibrium, stability and safety of the organism in a continuously changing and potentially life-threatening environment. A breakdown in homeostasis produces an aberrant state of disequilibrium with endocrinological and immunological changes consistent with the experienced disease symptoms.
Treatment harms to patients with ME/CFS
Authors: Marks David F
Published: March 2021

Despite evidence of physiological and cellular abnormalities in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), the dominant therapeutic approach has been cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET).  Patients report  distress and dissatisfaction following healthcare encounters based on GET and CBT.  A significant body of research suggests that CBT and GET are harmful for many patients with ME/CFS. These findings raise ethical concerns and suggest that more collaborative working between scientists, therapists and patients would be helpful in making scientific progress in this difficult field.
Penyuluhan Penegakkan Hukum di Lingkungan Sekolah
Authors: Pujilestari Yulita , Prastini Endang , Haryanti Amelia
Published: March 2021

Law is the rule of human behavior that is adhered to by society, nowadays violations of the law among the community is often done. In an effort to minimize legal violations in the community, there is a need for counseling on law enforcement in the school environment. Devotion activities aim to assist in cultivating a sense of responsibility in enforcing the law in daily student life. In this devotion, using counseling methods and awareness. The results of community devotion are increased awareness of students to uphold the law both in school and home environment. Advice to the school to involve students directly to enforce the rules of law in schools and communities.
Diseminasi Hukum Humaniter Internasional Dalam Upaya Menyebarkan Semangat Perdamaian
Authors: Gunawan Yordan , Pratama Naufal Bagus
Published: March 2021

AbstrakHukum Humaniter Internasional (HHI), yang juga dikenal sebagai Hukum Kemanusiaan Internasional adalah salah satu cabang dari Hukum Internasional yang sangat penting untuk diketaui dan dipelajari, tidak hanya bagi Anggota Palang Merah, personil Militer serta Kepolisian, namun juga kepada seluruh masyarakat Indonesia, terutama para para pemuda. Perlunya program diseminasi sejak dini ini, adalah upaya untuk membatasi korban konflik bersenjata, menjamin dan melindungi korban konflik, menumbuhkan peran dalam kemanusian, dan menyebarkan semangat perdamaian. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini pada dasarnya merupakan tanggung jawab bagi seluruh negara peserta Konvensi-Konvensi Jenewa 1949, namun tentu saja negara akan banyak mengalami keterbatasan untuk menjangkau seluruh anggota masyakarat Indonesia, untuk itu diperlukanlah program pengabdian masyarakat berupa diseminasi HHI itu sendiri. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini akan menyasar para siswa SMA Muhammadiyah yang berada di Kota Yogyakarta. Kegiatan Diseminasi HHI ini akan berupa seminar dari narasumber yang merupakan pengajar dan pembelajar HHI dari Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, diskusi kelompok serta role play berupa TFG (Tactical Floor Game). Diharapkan setelah mengikuti program ini, peserta dapat memahami serta menjunjung tinggi penghormatan terhadap HHI dan perlindungan terhadap lambang palang merah dan bulan sabit merah, serta mampu mengaplikasikan ilmu yang didapat, terutama dalam proses penyelesaian konflik, menjunjung tinggi perdamaian, serta berperan aktif dalam aktifitas kemanusiaan.
Relationship of Lipid Profile with Wagner Severity Level in Diabetic Feet at General Hospital Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Authors: Ario Yunes , Raflis Rustam  , Vendry Rivaldi
Published: March 2021

A B S T R A C TIntroduction Diabetic foot is an erosion or injury to the epidermis or the distal soleof the foot and the base of the foot in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabeticfoot is a major cause of limb amputation in non-traumatic cases. Per year, as manyas 2-3% of people with diabetes experience complications of diabetic foot. Theprevalence of DM sufferers with diabetic foot is 20-40% in developing countries. InIndonesia, the prevalence of DM sufferers with diabetic foot is around 15% with 32%mortality rate. One factor plays an important role in predisposing the occurrence ofdiabetic foot is the lipid profile. The aim of this study was to determine the correlationbetween lipid profile and Wagner Severity Level on diabetic foot patients at Dr. M.Djamil Central Public Hospital, Padang in the period of July 2020 to December 2020.Method: This research is an observational analytic study with cross sectionalanalytic design. The research sample of 47 cases was taken by non-probabilitysampling with the consecutive sampling method. This research is an observationalanalytic study with cross sectional analytic design. The research sample of 47 caseswas taken by non-probability sampling with the consecutive sampling method.Result: There were 47 cases that met the inclusion criteria where the 51-60 yearsage group (55.3%) was the largest group in cases of diabetic foot. Of these groups, itwas dominated by female patients, namely 31 patients (66.0%). Meanwhile, the BodyMass Index (BMI) was dominated by the group with BMI <25 kg/m2 with a total of26 patients (55.3%). Diabetic foot patient at Dr. M Djamil Central Public HospitalPadang who underwent amputation was 25 patients (53.2%) where most of them,namely 40 patients (85.1%) had suffered from Diabetes Mellitus for> 5-10 years. Thefindings obtained based on the Wagner Severity Level were that the Wagner grade 3-5 (heavy) group consisted of 24 people (51.1%) and Wagner 1-2 (mild) as many as 23people (48.9%). The results of the bivariate test between lipid profile levels withWagner Severity Level in diabetic foot patients showed a significant correlation asindicated by a p value <0.05. Conclusion: Wagner Severity Level which is gettinghigher in diabetic foot patients shows low HDL levels, high LDL levels and high levelsof triglycerides in blood plasma.
Acessibilidade e adaptação das obras públicas à NBR 9050
Authors: Quadros Eduardo Nunes
Published: March 2021

O número de Portadores de Necessidades Especiais no Brasil é grande e a necessidade de acessibilidade mostra a importância de propiciar aos mesmos, condições de acessibilidade nos espaços públicos, bem como nas edificações. Trata-se de um assunto relevante e que possui ainda escasso material que aborda especificamente essa questão da necessidade de adaptação das obras públicas à NBR 9050. Diante disso, objetiva-se com esse artigo abordar a importância da acessibilidade das Pessoas com necessidades especiais e a necessidade de adaptação das obras pública à NBR 9050. A metodologia foi descritiva e contou com um levantamento bibliográfico onde foram consultados livros e artigos sobre a temática. Conclui-se que a acessibilidade é direito de todos e a observação dos parâmetros de acessibilidade previstos no Decreto Federal nº 5.296/2004 e na NBR 9050/2004, quando da análise dos projetos de obras pública, garante o atendimento aos princípios da legitimidade e da economicidade
Nitrate concentrations in animal manure dumping sites
Authors: Sebial Marilyn , Sonon Letecia
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to characterize the chemical and physical properties of soil, and measure the nitrate concentrations at varying soil depths in the manure disposal sites of the Leyte State University piggery and beef cattle projects. Soil chemical analysis revealed that organic matter in both the piggery and beef cattle areas were concentrated in the upper 20 cm and gradually decreased with depth. A similar trend was observed for total N where the 0-20 cm depth contained approximately 0.30% N and this level decreased in the deeper soil layers, The soil in the piggery area was slightly acidic (pH 5.30) while that in the cattle area was near neutral (pH 6.50). The entire soil profile in both sites was generally highest in nitrate at the surface and decreased with depth. Nitrate concentrations were relatively higher when there were more animals in the project site. Solution samples from 120 cm lysimeters yielded high levels of nitrate (about 200 mg L-1), an indication that this ion was being moved to greater soil depths.
Community structure of arthropods in Agusan del Norte lowland ricefields
Authors: Varela Rowena , Villacarlos Lina
Published: March 2021

The structure of insect pests and natural enemies associated with white stern borer(Scirpophaga innonata Walker) in the irrigated and rainfed lowland ricefields in Agusan del Norte was studied for two cropping seasons. Sweep net method was used to sample the populations of the various arthropods. More species of arthropods were sampled in rainfed lowland ricefields than in irrigated ricefields, however, difference in the diversity was not significant. Number of species and populations of arthropods were affected by cropping husbandry practices particularly weeding and application of pesticides. Climate did not significantly affect the arthropod diversity due to the erratic climatic conditions at the onset of the El Niño phenomenon.
Biochemistry of postharvest spoilage of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). 2. Comparison of cellulolytic enzyme production in cultures and fungi-infected sweet potato tubers
Authors: Ray R. C.
Published: March 2021

The study was conducted to determine the production in vitro and in vivo of cellulases by Botrydiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus oryzae. Isolates of these organisms were obtained from the postharvest decay of sweetpotato tubers.
Results revealed that B. theobrornae and R. oryzae which were isolated from postharvest spoilage of sweetpotato tubers produced endo-13-1,4-glucanase and exo-V-1 ,4-glucanase in culture and in fungi-infected tissues of sweetpotato tubers. The optimum temperature and pH for cellulose synthesis and activity were 30°C and pH 6.5, respectively.
Filipino consumer preferences for peanut butter
Authors: Galvez F.C.F , Palomar L.S. , Francisco M.L. dL. , Lustre A.O. , Resurreccion A.V.A.
Published: March 2021

One-on-one interviews were conducted nationwide in different regions in the Philippines. A total of 387 households participated in the survey. Most households bought peanut butter at least once a month. Results indicated that sweetness, brand. and price of product were the major, factors that influenced the choice of Filipino consumers of peanut butter to bity. There was some indication of “brand loyalty”. Approximately two-thirds of Filipino families actually preferred the firm (stabilized) type of peanut butter even when they bought the flowing (not stabilized) type because of lower price of the latter. Color was not a major factor considered by Filipino consumers in buying peanut butter. Some consumers (50%) liked added flavor (chocolate or fruit jelly) in their peanut butter and were willing to pay more than PhP 1.00 additional price for it. Filipino consumers were aware and knowledgeable about vitamin A and the presence of vitamin A-fortified food products in the market. They indicated that they would buy vitamin A-fortified peanut products when these were made available. Most of them (>90%) were willing to pay more than PhP 0.25 additional price with a large proportion who were willing to pay more than PhP 1.00 additional price.
ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ KARARLARINI BİÇİMLENDİRME ÇABASI OLARAK YORUM
Authors: KESKİNSOY Ömer , KAYA Semih Batur
Published: March 2021

Yorum çok boyutlu bir fenomendir. Bu yüzden hukukta yorum müessesi öteden beri tartışılmaktadır. Ancak anayasal yorum hususunda Kıta Avrupa’sındaki çalışmalar, çoğunlukla İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasına denk gelmektedir. Gerçekten de bu dönemden sonra anayasa yorumunun mahiyetinin diğer hukuk metinlerinden farklı olduğu veya farklı olması gerektiği ortaya konulmuştur. Peki, anayasal yorumu diğer hukuksal uyuşmazlıklara nazara özel yapan nedir? Özellikle bir anayasal demokraside anayasa yargıçları ne tür farklı yorum teknikleri kullanmaktadırlar? İşte çalışmamızda anayasanın bu çerçevede yorumlanması bahsini inceleyeceğiz. Bu doğrultuda biz aşağıda öncelikle yorum teorisini inceleyerek anayasal hermeneutiğe değineceğiz. Ardından anayasanın yorumlanmasını ve nihai olarak anayasaya özgü yorum yöntemlerini ele almaya çalışacağız.
ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPUASAN PENGGUNA RUANG TUNGGU PENUMPANG PELABUHAN TANJUNG PERAK DENGAN METODE SERVQUAL DAN TRIZ
Authors: Dirang Muhamad , Iriani Iriani
Published: March 2021

Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya, merupakan pelabuhan terbesar kedua setelah Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok. Dalam menjalankan fungsi dan tugasnya pelabuhan ini melayani terminal penumpang dan barang dan untuk memperoleh hasil yang optimal dan efisien diperlukan fasilitas penunjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Ruang tunggu pelabuhan tanjung perak Surabaya terhadap 84 responden dengan menggunakan metode servqual dan Triz

Namun dalam kenyataannya pihak pelabuhan sendiri mengalami berbagai permasalahan dalam memberikan layanan kepada para pengguna ruang tunggu,dibuktikan dengan berbagai keluhan dari 84 responden  terhadap pelayanan diruang tunggu tersebut.

Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada maka peneliti melakukan observasi pada ruang tunggu pelabuhan tanjung perak surabaya ini untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tingkat kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan dengan menerapkan metode Servqual, dan dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh pihak pelabuhan secara keseluruhan menunjukkan skor -1,42 yang mengindikasikan pihak pelabuhan belum bisa memenuhi harapan pengguna ruang tunggu dimana dari sebagian besar atribut layanan yang diteliti sebagian masih memiliki nilai negatif. Untuk menentukan solusi terbaik pada tiap atribut perbaikan kualitas pelayanan yang dirasa masih kurang, maka peneliti menerapkan metode 40 inventive principle TRIZ untuk menemukan langkah-langkah efektif dalam mewujudkan perbaikan kualitas layanan sesuai dengan kapasitas, dan kondisi pelabuhan yang ada saat ini.  

 

Kata kunci: Servqual, harapan, persepsi pelanggan, 40 inventive principle TRIZ.
PENERAPAN METODE KANO DALAM ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ONLINE PADA PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INDUSTRI UPN “VETERAN” JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Ubaidillah Afiady Fitsal , Donoriyanto Dwi Sukma , Tranggono Tranggono
Published: March 2021

Sistem pembelajaran yang terjadi di beberapa kampus umumnya masih menggunakan metode tradisional. Salah satu program studi teknik industri di Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur mengalami  tingkat kualitas pelayanan yang menurun terhadap penggunaan metode pembelajaran berbasis online.di tengah maraknya sistem pembelajaran online. Dari segi kualitas belum pernah dilakukan analisa mengenai kepuasan mahasiswa dan dosen akan sistem pembelajaran berbasis online ini. Maka dari itu perlu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menganilisa kualitas pelayanan sistem pembelajaran berbasis online yang telah diberikan. Sehingga didapatkan saran perbaikan bagi perusahaan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanannya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Servqual dan Kano kemudian dianalisa dalam bentuk matriks IPA dan tabel Kano. Hasil penelitian yang didapati berupa gap antara harapan dan kepuasan mahasiswa dan dosen akan sistem pembelajaran yang berlakus serta hal hal yang diprioritaskan untuk perbaikan berupa pengenalan lebih lanjut baik mahasiswa dan dosen untuk sistem pembelajaran online dan penambahan fitur fitur baru untuk sinkronisasi saat pembelajaran berlangsung sehingga apabila diterapkan maka akan tercipta upaya peningkatan kualitas pelayanan sistem pembelajaran berbasis onlene untuk program studi teknik industri UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.

Kata kunci : Sistem pembelajaran, Kualitas pelayanan,Servqual, Kano, Matriks IPA
EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS LINI PRODUKSI BETON PRA-CETAK MENGGUNAKAN OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE)
Authors: Swara Suluh Elman , Novareza Oyong , Gita Sherenia Yuanggra
Published: March 2021

PT. XYZ merupakan perusahaan industri penghasil beton pra-cetak di Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara yang memiliki 6 lini produksi untuk memproduksi beton pra-cetak. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lini produksi 2 karena memiliki downtime mesin yang tinggi dan defect yang berada diatas 1%. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengukuran efektivitas menggunakan Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, diketahui rata-rata nilai OEE sebesar 38.62% yang menunjukkan efektivitas dari lini produksi 2 masih rendah. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh  waktu siklus yang tidak memperhitungkan loading time, unloading time, dan waktu tunggu material, sehingga perlu melakukan penelitian waktu siklus menggunakan Stopwatch Time Study (STS) pada mesin Overhead Crane 1 (dari total 5 Overhead Crane)  dan mesin Cor karena memiliki nilai OEE terendah. Penelitian STS menghasilkan perubahan waktu siklus mesin Overhead Crane menjadi 6,63 menit dan mesin Cor menjadi 10.2 menit sehingga terdapat peningkatan nilai OEE yaitu menjadi 40,8167% untuk mesin Overhead Crane dan 61,6871% untuk mesin Cor.
Bootstrapping a Neural Morphological Analyzer for St. Lawrence Island Yupik from a Finite-State Transducer
Authors: Schwartz Lane , Chen Emily , Hunt Benjamin , Schreiner Sylvia LR
Published: March 2021

Morphological analysis is a critical enabling technology for polysynthetic languages. We present a neural morphological analyzer for case-inflected nouns in St. Lawrence Island Yupik, an endangered polysythetic language in the Inuit-Yupik language family, treating morphological analysis as a recurrent neural sequence-to-sequence task. By utilizing an existing finite-state morphological analyzer to create training data, we improve analysis coverage on attested Yupik word types from approximately 75% for the existing finite-state analyzer to 100% for the neural analyzer. At the same time, we achieve a substantially higher level of accuracy on a held-out testing set, from 78.9% accuracy for the finite-state analyzer to 92.2% accuracy for our neural analyzer.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Çocukları Değerlendirmedeki Yeterlilik Düzeyleri ve Kullandıkları Araçlar
Authors: Işıkoğlu Erdoğan Nesrin , Aydoğan Selcen , Efe Kendüzler Serap , Dülger Ezgi , Aydın Ayşe , Dinler Hızır
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocukların gelişimini değerlendirmede kullandıkları araçları ve öğretmenlerin değerlendirme yeterlilik düzeyini belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada nicel ve nitel verilerin toplandığı karma araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutu, Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde çalışan 518 okul öncesi öğretmenini kapsamaktadır. Nicel verilerin toplanmasında öğretmenlere Çocukların Tanınması ve Değerlendirilmesi Bilgi Testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın nitel boyutuna toplam 10 gönüllü öğretmen katılmıştır. Nitel veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel bulguları, öğretmenlerin bilgi düzeylerinin ve değerlendirmelerinin orta düzeyde yoğunlaştığını göstermektedir. Nitel verilerden elde edilen bulgular üç temada toplanmıştır; 1) Neden değerlendiriyorum? 2) Neyi değerlendiriyorum? 3) Nasıl değerlendiriyor ve belgelendiriyorum? Öğretmenler, çocukların gelişimsel alanlarda ne kadar ilerlediklerini tespit etmek amacıyla, gözlem ve portfolyo yöntemlerini kullanarak ilgili kişilerle paylaşmak için değerlendirme yaptıklarını ifade etmişlerdir.
Açık Havada Eğitim: Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı Materyalleri Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Aşkar Neşe
Published: March 2021

Araştırmanın amacı, Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı’nın materyallerini oluşturan Bütünleştirilmiş Aile Destek Eğitim Rehberi (OBADER), Etkinlik Kitabı (2013) ve Öğretmenler İçin Etkinlik Kitabı’ndaki (2018) açık hava etkinliklerinin etkinlik çeşidi, gelişim alanı, konusu, ele aldığı kavramlar, açık havanın etkinlikte konumlanma biçimi gibi değişkenler açısından sistematik olarak incelenmesidir. Çalışmada doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. OBADER’deki 62 etkinlikten bir tanesinin (%1,6), Etkinlik Kitabı’ndaki 40 etkinlikten beş tanesinin (%12,5), Öğretmenler İçin Etkinlik Kitabı‘ndaki 340 etkinlikten 27 tanesinin (%7,9) açık hava etkinliği olduğu belirlenmiştir. Etkinlik kitaplarında açık havada eğitime yer verme düzeyinin bu derece düşük olması gerek alanyazında gerekse programda vurgulanan önemin uygulamaya yansıtılamadığı şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Öncelikli eylem planı dâhilinde, eğitimcilere yön verme ve bu süreçte tutum geliştirme amacıyla, okul öncesi eğitim programının ve uygulamaya dönük materyallerinin daha çok sayıda ve çeşitlilikte açık hava etkinliğiyle zenginleştirilmesi yerinde bir uygulama olacaktır.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Çocuklardaki Problem Davranışı Belirleme ve Davranışa Müdahale Stratejileri
Authors: Kılıç Melda , Kalkan Sinan , Avcı Canan
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışma, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocuklarda görülen problem davranışları belirleyebilme durumlarını ve problem davranışlara müdahalede tercih ettikleri stratejileri incelemeyi amaçlayan nitel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmada durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcılarının belirlenmesinde amaçlı rastgele örnekleme yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmanın katılımcıları 15 okul öncesi öğretmenidir. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış Öğretmen Görüşme Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin problem davranışları belirlemede zorluk yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra öğretmenlerin çocukların problem davranışlarına müdahalede tercih ettikleri stratejilerin etkisi zayıf stratejiler olduğu görülmüştür. Bulgular, öğretmen eğitimi ve hizmet içi eğitim bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda okul öncesi öğretmenlerine okul öncesi dönemdeki problem davranışlar ve problem davranışlara müdahale stratejileri ile ilgili hizmet içi eğitim desteği verilmesinin faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Çocuklarla İlgili Haberlerin Çocuk Hakları Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi: KKTC Ulusal Gazeteleri Örneği
Authors: Dolar Mualla Nur , Koran Nihan
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırma, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti yazılı basınında çocuk içerikli gazete haberlerini, çocuk hakları ve çocukluk imajları doğrultusunda incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini; Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde günlük olarak yayınlanan ve siyasi bir partiye ait olmayan 8 gazete oluşturmaktadır. Gazetelerin incelenmesinde doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, içerik analizi ve çocukluk imajlarının analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, incelenen gazetelerde en fazla adli türdeki haberler bulunmuştur. Çocukların, istismar, ihmal gibi olumsuz durumlarda genellikle mağdur ve kurban temsilleri ile sunuldukları saptanmıştır. Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi’nde yer alan katılım hakkının, çoğu haberde görmezden gelindiği ve çocukların kendilerini ilgilendiren haber içeriklerine katılımlarının olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çocukların korunma haklarına yönelik çok fazla olumsuz haber elde edilmiştir. Çocukluk imajlarına göre çocukların en fazla ‘masum’ ve ‘kurban’ imajları ile sunuldukları saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, literatür desteği ile tartışılmıştır. Çalışma, toplumdaki bütün bireylere öneriler ile son bulmuştur.
Okul PDR Hizmetleri Yönetmeliklerinin Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planları ve MEB Şûra Kararlarına Uyumunun İncelenmesi
Authors: Külahoğlu Şermin , Küçüksüleymanoğlu Rüyam
Published: March 2021

Ülke kalkınması açısından oldukça önemli olan eğitim politikaları, kamu kesimi tarafından eğitimin yaygınlaştırılmasına ve geliştirilmesine yönelik alınan tedbirler olarak tanımlanabilir. Ülkenin eğitim politikası öncelikle kalkınma planlarında saptanır. Kalkınma planları, ülkenin ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel alanlarda, uzun dönemde gerçekleştireceği büyümeyi ortaya koyan temel politika dokümanlarıdır. Kalkınma planlarının ana hedefi; vatandaşların refah seviyesini yükseltmek ve nitelikli yaşam koşullarına erişmesini sağlamaktır. Bu araştırmada, okul rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık hizmetleri (PDR) yönetmelikleri, ilgili kalkınma planları ve Milli Eğitim şûra kararları, PDR meslek alanına ilişkin amaç ve görev tanımları açısından yaklaşımlarındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklara bakılmış ve birbirleriyle uyumları incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel desenli doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmış olup 11 kalkınma planı, 5 MEB yönetmelik ve yönergesi ve 2 Milli Eğitim Şûrası incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın, okul PDR hizmetlerine yönelik hazırladığı yönetmeliklerde ve tavsiye kararı aldığı şûralarda, kalkınma planlarının kararlarına duyarlı ancak, kendi bakanlığı tarafından yapılmış önceki planlama ve düzenleme çalışmalarıyla uyumlu, destekleyici ve kavram birliğini gözeten bir tutum izlemediği saptanmıştır.
The New Method To Calibrate Iso/cie General Skies modelled In Artificial Skies
Authors: Darula Stanislav , Kittler Richard
Published: March 2021

Recently sky luminance distributions under fifteen ISO/CIE sky types were standardised in relative terms, i.e. all elementary sky luminance are normalised by the zenith luminance in nature. However, these standard sky luminance patterns can be characterised also in their physical units, see in CIE215:20014 which can be reduced by suitable intensity scales to simulate the very high natural sky luminance in laboratory under artificial sky domes. For the design of the electric illumination system of the artificial sky the appropriate zenith luminance for each sky type has to be derived respecting the indicatrix and gradation functions of each sky type. Thus, the sky patterns simulated in the artificial sky can be calibrated either by luminance measurements or by analysing fish-eye photos taken from the sky centre showing the smoothness and gradual changes of homogeneous sky type luminance patterns. The sky luminance images can be utilised to proceed with the adjustment or dimming of the LED electrical system to the final calibration check containing zenith luminance and exterior illuminance in the second calibration step.
Effect Of Chromaticity Of Surrounding Light Sources on Mesopic Adaptation Luminance
Authors: Sahana Sangita , Roy Biswanath
Published: March 2021

This paper presents variations in mesopic adaptation luminance in the presence of ambient light sources along with main light source for outdoor lighting applications. Mesopic photometry system is based on peripheral task, and adaptation luminance is required to compute the effective mesopic radiance for the measured area. Different lighting conditions were considered to determine the effect of chromaticity of bright surrounding sources other than the main light sources to the state of observer adaptation. The veiling luminance caused by the surrounding sources increases the state of observer adaptation, but not the luminance within the measurement field. It has also been observed that in case of cool white surrounding sources, adaptation luminance increases significantly than that of warm white sources.
Review Of The Features Of Using Mini-spectroradiometers with Ccd-arrays In Applied Photometry
Authors: Stolyarevskaya Raisa I.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of solving problems of applied photometry based on the spectroradiometric approach using modern matrix spectrometers. The spectral distribution of the characteristics of the radiation source is an objective physical basis for determining its light and colour parameters. In this case, the photometric characteristics of lighting devices and lighting systems are calculated on the basis of tabulated spectral light efficiencies and ordinates of CIE colour-matching functions. The main reason for the shift in emphasis towards spectral measurements is due to revolutionary introduction into the system of internal and external lighting and signalling LED sources of light with an emission spectrum that is different from the traditional natural and artificial continuous light sources spectra. Integral methods for measuring the light and colour characteristics of semiconductor light sources require the highest quality correction of photometric channels (heads) for spectral efficiencies and colour -matching curves or taking into account a correction factor, which in turn is impossible without measuring the relative spectral characteristics of emitters and receivers. The article is a brief overview of the requirements for the CCD-array spectrometers for use in spectroradiometry and photometry.
Lightplanograph Simulating Insolation Of Buildings and Developments Of The Arctic Zone Of Russia
Authors: Giyasov Adham I.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the actual problem of assessing the insolation of modern architectural construction and urban development objects, especially, the development of the “tablet type lightplanograph” insolation device. The device is intended for wide application in the Arctic zone during solving of problems relied on assessing the insolation and light conditions of buildings and urban areas and allows for light-climate certification for other geographical latitudes.
It is difficult to assess and analyse the insolation of a number of urban development sites using existing design methods and tools. To solve these problems, it is preferable to use an insolation device “tablet type lightplanograph”, which is based on the method of modelling graphically the conditions of insolation in a clear sky on a horizontal plane. This method makes it possible to comprehensively assess the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of insolation, illumination, and UV radiation.
The aim of the research was to develop theoretical and methodological provisions for the development of a lightplanograph and to issue recommendations for its use in architectural – construction and urban planning design.
An Approach To Comparative Simulation Of Road Lighting and Estimation Of Associated Quality Parameters
Authors: Bhattacharya Sourin , Chakraborty Suddhasatwa , Ray Susanta
Published: March 2021

A software-based comparative simulation work was conducted about the luminance-based method of road lighting design with MATLAB and DIALux, giving due consideration to the design standards laid down in CIE140:2019 technical report. The outputs were obtained for a specified set of road lighting conditions in terms of luminaire mounting height, road width, spacing of lighting poles, overhang, and maintenance factor for four different CIE standard road surfaces R1, R2, R3, and R4, six different observer positions and three types of luminai rearrangements. MATLAB and DIALux outputs were quantified by three quality parameters, namely: average luminance, overall uniformity and longitudinal uniformity of luminance, and the linear correlation between the two was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.00001). DIALux, as a graphical lighting design tool, was found to be more convenient than the algorithm-reliant MATLAB programming approach for general road lighting simulation. However, MATLAB programming approachcould facilitate experimental road lighting simulation, and the developed MATLAB program could be used as a flexible tool to simulate road lighting with experimental luminaire distribution curve of luminous intensity (I) and road surface reduced luminance coefficient (r) tables. Further developments upon it could potentially integrate provisions for luminaires with custom tilt and curved road surfaces.
Atuação de profissionais de saúde para amamentação na primeira hora: Revisão integrativa
Authors: Oliveira Marcela Claudia de Paula , Lacerda Ana Catarina Torres de , Lima Juliana Romano de , Moura Aline Kelly de , Lima Kélita Mirelle Oliveira , Pontes Taciana Leão
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou identificar a atuação de profissionais de saúde no aleitamento materno exclusivo na primeira hora de vida do recém-nascido. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, pautada na pergunta de pesquisa: Qual o conhecimento científico produzido na literatura nacional e internacional sobre a atuação de profissionais de saúde no aleitamento materno exclusivo na primeira hora de vida do recém-nascido? A busca das publicações científicas ocorreu nas bases de dados BDENF, CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE/PUBMED, SCOPUS e a biblioteca virtual de saúde SciELO, utilizando os descritores: profissional de saúde, Aleitamento materno, recém-nascido e Relações mãe-filho. Após realizar o cruzamento e recorte temporal dos últimos dez anos (do ano de 2010 ao de 2020), as buscas se deram em julho a janeiro de 2021 e foram encontradas 4.015 publicações, no qual foram excluídos 3.543 e analisados 472 resumos, tendo como amostra final oito artigos. Resultados a amostra final foi composta por 08 artigos e identificou as principais atuações dos profissionais de saúde ao aleitamento materno exclusivo na primeira hora: aconselhamento no pré-natal e apoio verbal após o parto. Os fatores limitadores dessa prática foram à assistência restrita às normas da instituição hospitalar, o parto cesáreo e o excesso de trabalho. Conclusão: Para o apoio e incentivo às mulheres da amamentação na primeira hora de vida do recém-nascido é imprescindível à atualização teórico prática do profissional de saúde para enfrentar suas fragilidades.
iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei after WSSV infection
Authors: Zhai Y , He P , Jia R
Published: March 2021

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most destructive virus among invertebrates. In this study, we analyzed the immune response after WSSV infection in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). We identified 325 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. Among them, 212 were up-regulated proteins, and several of them might be related to immunity (e.g. arginine kinase and peroxiredoxin). Of the 113 down-regulated proteins, some were related to immunity (e.g. cathepsin C and cathepsin L) and others to the antioxidant defense process (e.g. glutathione peroxidase and catalase). One down-regulated DEP (C7M84_014268) and 3 up-regulated DEPs (C7M84_003456, C7M84_020702, and C7M84_007135) were randomly selected and analyzed using parallel reaction monitoring. This study is an important step for a comprehensive understanding of the immune relationship between L. vannamei and WSSV and provides valuable information for the prevention of viral diseases in the crustacean aquaculture industry.
Feeding habits and trophic interactions of four sympatric hammerhead shark species reveal trophic niche partitioning
Authors: Galindo E , Giraldo A , Navia AF
Published: March 2021

Knowledge of the ecological roles of species within food webs and how their trophic interactions affect food web structure is critical to model management and conservation scenarios for species that are suffering high levels of anthropogenic pressure, such as hammerhead sharks. In this paper, we analyze the diet and trophic relationships of 4 sympatric hammerhead shark species using a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses. These species showed trophic similarities by sex and trophic dissimilarities by maturity stage. We found that the trophic niche of hammerhead species tends to be more similar within species than among them. This suggests that competitive interactions are more likely to occur between conspecifics than between congeneric individuals and highlights the potential different roles that these species can play within the food web structure. The intermediate to high trophic positions observed inSphyrna corona,S.media,S.tiburoandS.lewinijuveniles indicate mesopredator roles, whereasS. lewinisubadults could be considered top predators. Our findings revealed multiple trophic interactions between hammerhead sharks and prey from different trophic levels, which could be critical for the structure and function of marine food webs.
Minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata avoid a 15 kHz acoustic deterrent device (ADD)
Authors: Boisseau O , McGarry T , Stephenson S , Compton R , Cucknell AC , Ryan C , McLanaghan R , Moscrop A
Published: March 2021

Underwater noise has increased globally, yet our understanding of how baleen whales may be affected is limited. A controlled exposure experiment was used to determine whether an acoustic deterrent device (ADD) would modify the behaviour of minke whalesBalaenoptera acutorostratain Iceland. The Lofitech Seal Scarer in this study emitted a 14.6 kHz tone with a source level of 198 dB re 1 μPa re 1 m (rms). Video-range tracking was used to monitor behaviour during pre-treatment, control, treatment and post-treatment phases, with the ADD deployed at 338-1562 m during treatment (n = 10). Dive duration, swimming speed, reoxygenation rate and measures of path predictability were used to quantify responses. In all deployments, the ADD caused focal animals to move away immediately, typically increasing horizontal speed and directness away from the source and extending dives. Whales exhibited sustained movement away after deactivation. Deployment distance had the largest effect in a multiple regression model; closer deployments caused whales to move away faster. However, increases in dive duration and horizontal speed were apparently caused by the signal alone, rather than its magnitude. A noise propagation model suggested whales received maximum sound pressures of 150 dB re 1 μPa (rms) for the closest deployment (338 m). When modelling cumulative exposure over 24 h, deploying the ADD 25 m or more from individuals moving away at the average speed of 3.4 km h-1did not risk injury; temporary threshold shifts may be expected if deployed any closer. This study provides evidence that minke whales clearly react to signals at the likely upper limit of their hearing sensitivity.
Students' Perception of Using Group Work in English Class
Authors: Situmorang Monica Amelia
Published: March 2021

Group work has become an essential part of modern methodology in teaching and learning because it offers teachers a powerful way to engage students and provides students with opportunities for cooperative learning. This study aimed to find out the students’ perception of using group work in English classes. Employing a survey design involving 50 tenth and eleventh graders, it was conducted in SMA 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta. Data were collected through a questionnaire including five indicators. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive technique. Findings revealed that group work had a positive impact on students’ attitudes. Moreover, group work enlarged their commitment in completing assignments.
MAIN STAGES OF CREATION OF A SYSTEM OF PROTECTED TERRITORIES IN THE SAMARA REGION
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Rogov S.A. , Ilyina V.N. ,   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education
Published: March 2021

The article describes the main stages of the formation of a system of specially protected natural terri-tories in the Samara region from the end of the 19th century to the present. Due to the uniqueness of the natural complexes of the Samara region, the development of the protected areas system has always required special attention, and in recent years it has become a priority in protecting the region. Despite a rather long period, characterized by the absence of visible measures for the creation and control of protected areas (late 20 — early 21 centuries), in recent years the situation has tended to improve — several new natural monuments of regional significance have been created, protection zones have been formed at some nature monuments of regional significance. Currently, there are 214 protected areas in Samara Oblast, of which 211 are of regional importance.
ABOUT A SMALL COLLECTION OF LICHENS FROM THE GORGE ADYL-SU RIVER (KABARDINO-BALKAR REPUBLIC)
Authors:   Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems of the FRC KSC RAS, Urbanavichus G.P. , Urbanavichene I.N. ,   Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Golovlev A.A. ,   Samara State University of Economics
Published: March 2021

Based on the results of field works by A.A. Golovlev in July 2017, data on new and noteworthy species for the lichen flora of the Prielbrusiy National Park are presented. The specimens were collected in the Adyl-Su River gorge, Elbrus district, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria. In total 75 species from 44 genera are listed here with their localities and substrates, and novelties data. Eighteen species are new for the Prielbrusiy National Park, of which twelve were found for the first time in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Aspicilia cf. laevata, Blastenia hungarica, Bryoria vrangiana, Cladonia cyathomorpha, Henrica melaspora, Lasallia rossica, Lecidea promiscens, Normandina pulchella, Parmelina tiliacea, Ramalina pollinaria, Rinodina trevisanii, Rusavskia sorediata). Henrica melaspora is reported for the first time for Caucasus, Cladonia cyathomorpha is new to the Russian Caucasus. Two species (Lecidea promiscens and Rinodina trevisanii) are reported for the first time for the Central Caucasus. The genus Henrica is reported as new to the Caucasus, and the genus Normandina is new for the lichen flora of Kabardino-Balkaria.