bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunological markers in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases in children
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Gurina O.P. , Blinov А.Е. ,   Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Varlamova О.N. ,   Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Dementyeva E.A. ,   Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Stepanova А.А. ,   Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Objective. To study the specificities of autoimmune response in children suffering from Crohn's disease and interrelationships between autoagression parameters. Patients and methods. We examined 62 patients aged 2–17 years with a confirmed diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. The examination included flow cytometric immunophenotyping of lymphocytes, examination of serum concentrations of total and specific immunoglobulins IgE against allergens of the fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay – ELISA), circulating immune complexes (CICs), concentrations of autoantibodies (AB) against S. cerevisiae (ASCA) IgA and IgG, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic AB (ANCA MPO, ANCA PR3), antinuclear AB (ANAs), AB against DNAds, DNAss, autoantibodies against antigens of the small and large intestines, and the pancreas (ELISA). Results. Activation of helper T cells, decreased NK cell levels, higher levels of γδ-Т cells were detected. Specific IgЕ against к S. cerevisiae could be noted in 70.9% of patients. In 35.5% of cases, higher levels of ASCA (IgA, IgG) were found. Blood concentrations of AB against DNAds, DNAss exceeded the norm in 4.8 and 16.1% of patients, respectively. Higher levels of CICs were found in 20 (32.3%) of patients. ANAs concentrations corresponded to the norm. Strong positive correlations between many parameters of autoimmune response are indicative of the intensity of the immunopathological process in CD. Conclusion. Immunological diagnosis in CD is necessary for assessing the severity of disease, for optimization of differential diagnosis, establishment of a prognosis and selection of individual therapy for regulation of immune responses. Key words: autoantibodies, Crohn’s disease, immunodiagnosis, immunophenotyping of lymphocytes
POLA ASUH LONG DISTANCE DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KONSEP DIRI REMAJA (Studi Diskriptif Tentang Pola Asuh Long Distance Dalam Pembentukan Konsep Diri Remaja di SMAN 1 Girimarto, Kabupaten Wonogiri)
Authors: Wulandari Retno Wahyu , Soemanto RB , Kartono Drajat Tri
Published: May 2021

This study was a descriptive qualitative trying to describe the actual condition of informants. This study aimed to find out the long distance caring pattern in the adolescents in SMA Negeri 1 Girimarto, the establishment of adolescent self-concept in SMA Negeri 1 Girimarto, and the relationship of long distance caring pattern applied to the establishment of adolescent self-concept in SMA Negeri 1 Girimarto. Considering the data obtained, it could be concluded that: caring pattern was divided into two: controlled and free. There were two self-concepts established: dynamic and static. Parent provided reward in the form of material or praise for the achievement the adolescents reached as the form of reward and punishment for the fault or infringement they did. The primary family’s attention contributed to the establishment of adolescent self-concept as well, because the adolescents needed environment as a role model. The adolescents living separately from the parents were accustomed to cope with their problems independently.

 
Keywords: Long distance caring pattern, self-concept, adolescent
EKSKLUSIFITAS SISWA (STUDI FENOMENOLOGI KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL POLA EKSKLUSIFITAS SISWA PADA KELAS UNGGULAN DI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 1 SRAGEN TAHUN AJARAN 2011/2012)
Authors: Indawatik Rita , Kartono Drajat Tri , Utami Trisni
Published: May 2021

Superior class (school) is designed to provide adequate learning service to the students with high academic competency. Consequently, this strategy cannot support the attempt of optimizing the rapid development of human resource. On the other hand, the superior class phenomenon also gives rise to exclusive behavior in which the students tend to make group and have intercourse with their superior classmates only. It is that makes the author interested in finding out how the exclusiveness pattern of behavior emerges in the superior students.

The research strategy employed was phenomenological study. The respondent was selected using purposive sampling technique considering the compatibility between information and the problem studied. This study was based on constructivism paradigm under the heading of Social Definition paradigm. This Peter L. Berger’s constructivism idea stated that in constructivism idea, learning was based on the students’ understanding.

The exclusiveness behavioral pattern in the superior students occurred in thought, appearance, space, facility pattern and intercourse. Meanwhile, the process of exclusiveness process establishment occurred since they were stated as passing the admission test in superior class. The factors supporting the establishment of exclusiveness pattern were school policy, parent and student because of the process of interpreting their status as the students of superior class.

 
Keywords: social construction, exclusiveness, superior students.
TEKNOLOGI DAN KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Wahyudi Hendro Setyo , Sukmasari Mita Puspita
Published: May 2021

Kemajuan teknologi saat ini tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kehidupan masyarakat.
Berbagai informasi yang terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia kini telah dapat
langsung kita ketahui berkat kemajuan teknologi (globalisasi). Pengaruh
globalisasi, sekarang ini tidak dapat dipungkiri lagi karena banyaknya
kemajuan teknologi yang masuk kedalam Negara dan bangsa kita.Berikut ini
adalah beberapa tindakan yang bisa menghindari penyalah gunaan
Handphone. (1) Menolak ajakan teman untuk menyimpan maupun melihat
hal-hal yang meyangkut pornoaksi dan pornografi. (2) Tidak membawa
handphone ke sekolah atau mematikan handphone saat pelajaran berlangsung
agar tidak mengganggu konsentrasi belajar. (3) Ketika berada dirumah
sebaiknya mengatur waktu sebaik-baiknya antara belajar dan menggunakan
handphone. (4) Belajar sebaik mungkin agar tidak sampai menggunakan
handphone saat ujian. (5) Menghindari mengakses situs porno atau
mendownload konten-konten porno darihandphone. (6) Menggunakan
handphone jika diperlukan dan untuk hal-hal yang penting saja. (7)
Memperbanyak konten-konten religi pada handphone. (8) Memberi kode
pengaman pada handphone jika diperlukan. Dalam hal ini pengawasan dari
orang tua juga sangat penting. Mengingat banyaknya kenakalan remaja yang
kurang diperhatikan oleh orang tua.

Kata kunci: Globalisasi, teknologi, penyimpangan anak.
TEKNOLOGI KOMUNIKASI DAN PERILAKU REMAJA
Authors: Astuti Ana Puji , Rps Anike NUrmalita
Published: May 2021

Every culture has knowledge, science and technology, which used as a
reference for interpreting and understanding the environment and its
contents, and used as a tool to exploit, process and use it to satisfy human
needs. Communication of technology development is very fast at all. With
the development of science and technology people get various facilities in
carrying out daily activities. Even as now almost every person can not be
separated from the communication technologies, as experienced by young
people today. Adolescence is a period of transition from children to adults
who are beginning to be affected by the environment and have a willingness
to be what he wants himself. With the advances in communication
technology spur teens to more intensive self-seeking activities by looking at
figures in the media.

 

Keywords: Teknology, behavior, youth.
PERANGKAP KEMISKINAN PADA WARGA RELOKASI (STUDI KORELASIONAL: UNSUR-UNSUR PERANGKAP KEMISKINAN PADA WARGA RELOKASI PUCANG MOJO KEDUNGTUNGKUL MOJOSONGO JEBRES SURAKARTA)
Authors: Nurcahyono Okta Hadi , Slamet Y , Zuber Ahmad
Published: May 2021

This study is the result of the interpretation of the theory of "Poverty Trap" Robert Chambers (1983) to the social facts paradigm (Emile Dhurkheim, 1964). The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the resident relocation poverty trap, by way of explaining whether or not the relationship between the elements of the poverty trap in this case: powerlessness, vulnerability, physical weakness, material poverty, and isolation of the Public Service, the citizens relocation Pucang Mojo, Kedungtungkul, Mojosongo, Surakarta. This study uses poverty approach both structurally and culturally. This research is survey research with an explanatory strategy. The study population was all heads of households in Housing Relocation Pucang mojo, Mojosongo, Surakarta.The number of sample was taken 50% out of total population. This study employed quantitative data with triangulation using qualitative data as the confirmer. The qualitative data used was the one derived from result of interview and observation. To examine the relationship between the elements of poverty trap, Product Moment Correlation test was used that was processed with SPSS 19.0 version IBM. The dominant result of statistic data processing in this study was then combined with qualitative data in the discussion. The result of discussion showed that: out of ten relationships between variables or elements existing, only four categorized into significant relationship, while the other six elements were proved insignificant. The four elements are shown to have a significant association among others: the poverty of material with physical weakness, material poverty with vulnerability, physical weakness with vulnerability, and isolation of the public service with the helplessness while the sixth has no correlation relationships such as: poverty with insulating material to public servants, the material poverty with powerlessness, physical weakness with insulation against public servants, physical weakness with powerlessness, isolation against public servants with vulnerability, and vulnerability to helplessness. This finding showed that not all hypotheses suggested by Robert Chambers (1983) could be proved in the context of urban poverty, particularly among the relocated people in Pucangmojo, Kedungtungkul, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta.

 

Keywords: poverty trap and

 
PERILAKU IBU RUMAH TANGGA PEMAKAI KREDIT BARANG KELILING (MINDRING: STUDI KASUS PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA PEMAKAI KREDIT BARANG KELILING MINDRING DI DUKUH PUNDUNG TEGAL SARI DESA MANJUNG KECAMATAN SAWIT KABUPATEN BOYOLALI)
Authors: Suryono Anike Nurmalita Rizki Putri , Wijaya Mahendra , Demartoto Argyo
Published: May 2021

The objective of research was to find out the behavioral pattern and
impact of housewives using mobile merchandise loan (mindring) in Pundung
Tegal Sari Hamlet, Desa Manjung. This study employed a qualitative
approach method with a single embedded case study. The data source was
obtained from informant, event and activity, document and archive. The
sampling technique used was purposive sampling one with maximum
variation sampling. The data collection was conducted using direct
observation, interview, documentation and photographs. The data validation
test was carried out using source triangulation. Mindring activity among the
housewives was encouraged by inadequate cash ownership to buy the goods to
fulfill the family’s personal and collective needs. In this case housewives were
able to divide the money that had to obtain various goods and consumer
goods. But with the easiness provided by the load of debt, indirectly creating
the consumer behavior within a housewife. Based on consumer behavior,
housewife always feel in need of goods is credited.

Keywords: Behavior, Housewives, Mindring
PENGARUH PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP GAYA HIDUP KONSUMTIF EKS TENAGA KERJA WANITA (TKW) DI KECAMATAN PONGGOK KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: Wulandari Indah , Haryono Basuki , Budiati Atik Catur
Published: May 2021

The high number of indonesian citizen and the lack of employement become one of the factor of the number of unemployed migran wokers till now. Form all the Indonesian’s labor that work in the foregin, most of the were female. One of the intersting aspect is that the change of lifestyle of Foregin Indonesian’s Female Laborer (FIFL) phenomenon when they get back to Indoensia. This research carried out to know the inflence of society perspective to the consumtive lifestyle of former Foregin Indonesian’s Female Laborer (FIFL) in the Ponggok Subdistrict, Blitar Regency that been clasified as barns area of Foregin Indonesian’s Female Laborer in the East Java. This research suing descriptive qualitative and carried out for four moths, form Febuary-June in the 2013. The data collection including interview, observation and documentation, meanwhile the data being analyzed by interactive analysis which include data collection, reduction data, display data and conclusion. The result of this research is show that society perspective about the success rate of former Foregin Indonesian’s Female Laborer support their comsumptive behaviour. In additon, the other factor that support former Foregin Indonesian’s Female Laborer is comsumptive behaviour is that they are still single dan there’s urge to the existence needs in the society.

Keywords: Lifestyle, Consumptive, Preception, FIFL.

Abstrak

Tingginya jumlah penduduk Indonesia dan adanya keterbatasan lapangan kerja menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab masih tingginya angka buruh migran sampai saat ini. Dari sekian banyak jumlah buruh migran yang bekerja di luar negeri, sebagian besar adalah wanita. Salah satu yang menarik adalah adanya fenomena perubahan gaya hidup eks-TKW ketika kembali ke tanah air. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persepsi masyarakat terhadap gaya hidup konsumtif eks-TKW di Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar yang merupakan salah satu daerah lumbung TKW di Jawa Timur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan dilakukan selama empat bulan yakni dari bulan Februari-Juni 2013. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis interaktif yang meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat tentang standar kesuksesan seseorang mendorong eks-TKW untuk berperilaku koonsumtif. Selain itu, faktor lain yang mendorong eks-TKW memiliki gaya hidup konsumtif adalah status yang masih single dan keinginan terlihat berbeda dari masyarakat desa pada umumnya.

Kata Kunci: Gaya Hidup, Konsumtif, Persepsi, TKW.
REPRODUKSI BUDAYA DALAM PENTAS KESENIAN TRADISIONAL DI BALAI SOEDJATMOKO
Authors: Nukha Rosyid
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research is to know about the culture reproduction process that happen ang to know the actor on the traditional art perfromances in Soedjatmoko Hall. This is a qualitative research with case study as its approach. The data collection done by interview, participatory observation ang documentation. The primary data collected by indepth interview and participatory observation. That data being analyzed using interactive model. The data validity done by source triangulation. the art performance reproduction is being analyzed by Pierre Bourdieu’s theory. The research found that the actors in the culture reproduction on traditional art performances include keroncong art groups, kararwitan art groups, macapat art groups and Soedjatmoko Hall. Those actor have cultural capital, social capital, symbolic capital and economic capital that supported the reproduction process. Culture reproduction in the traditional art through Keroncong Bale, Macapat Soedjatmakan, dan Klenengan Selasa Legen art performance by perform again the traditonal art. Reproduction process happen through the use of pakem and the use of symbol, the delivery of meaning  in the art performance, performance’s procedures, the songs and the materials is adjusted to the pakem.

Keywords: Soedjatmoko Hall, Culture Reproduction, Art Performance.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses reproduksi budaya yang terjadi dan mengetahui aktor yang terlibat dalam pementasan kesenian tradisional di Balai Soedjatmoko. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif. Validitas data menggunakan reviu informan dan trianggulasi sumber. Reproduksi kesenian tradisional di Balai Soedjatmoko dikaji dengan pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam reproduksi budaya pada pementasan kesenian tradisional meliputi kelompok kesenian keroncong, kelompok kesenian karawitan, kelompok kesenian macapat, dan Balai Soedjatmoko. Aktor kesenian tradisional tersebut memiliki modal budaya, modal sosial, modal simbolik, dan modal ekonomi yang mendukung proses reproduksi. Reproduksi budaya dalam kesenian tradisional melalui penyelenggaraan pentas kesenian Keroncong Bale, Macapat Soedjatmakan, dan Klenengan Selasa Legen dengan mementaskan kembali kesenian tradisional yang sudah berkembang. Proses reproduksi yang terjadi melalui penggunaan pakem yang baku serta penggunaan simbol, penyampaian makna dalam pementasan kesenian, tata cara pementasan, lagu yang dibawakan dan materi yang dipilih dilestarikan sesuai dengan pakemnya.

Kata Kunci: Balai Soedjatmoko, Reproduksi Budaya, Kesenian Tradisional.
Autumn Copulatory Behavior in California Quail: Observations and Potential Functions
Authors: Roth Allison M. , Gee Jennifer M. , Keiser Carl. N.
Published: May 2021

Most birds living in the temperate zones breed in spring or summer. In a variety of species, however, copulatory behavior has been observed out of season in autumn. Such activity has been proposed to represent late breeding attempts, help to maintain pair bonds during the nonbreeding season, or aid in the formation of future breeding pairs. We observed three attempted copulations (one with cloacal contact) in late November between three male and two female California Quail (Callipepla californica), a species with a flexible mating system. Given that one of the females, and at least two of the observed males, were under a year of age and, therefore, almost certainly sexually immature, we suggest that these copulation attempts could contribute to pair formation. The two males and two females, whose identities were known, spent more time associating with the individual with which they engaged in copulatory activity than with any other covey member of the opposite sex, also implying a social function of this behavior. Nevertheless, we cannot rule out the unlikely possibilities that the observed activity represented astonishingly early breeding attempts, acted as expressions of intersexual social dominance, or functioned as practice for the upcoming breeding season. Possibly, the behavior served no immediate adaptive purpose. Nevertheless, autumn copulatory activity in the California Quail may be more common than known, and we present these observations as a call for further monitoring to clarify the potential function(s) of this behavior.
Assessment of the Ground and Plant Chemistry in an Area Affected by Rare Metal Ore Concentration Waste Storage
Authors: Krasavtseva Eugenia , Maksimova Viktoria , Gorbacheva Tamara
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the results of an assessment of the ground and plant chemistry in disturbed areas exposed to impacts from adjacent rare metal ore concentration waste storage facilities.The focus of research were areas with sparse vegetation cover near the site of the first tailing storage facility (TSF), which is not exploited from 1985. In the summer of 2019, on three key plots within the study area, plant samples were collected at a small distance from the TSF and operating process transport routes (<1 km). Based on a bulk chemistry analysis of the ground samples, concentration values were measured above the background values adopted for the region’s soil parent rock materials, and in the absence thereof, the clarkes of elements in acidic (SiO2 >60%) rocks found in the earth's crust. Grounds were found to be rich in Ta, Ce, La, Th, Zr, Nb, which are also present in the loparite ores of various origins mined by the operation.The chemistry was examined of Salix spp. commonly found both in the study area and in the region as a whole and of wavy hair grass Avenella flexuosa L. An abnormally high level of zinc accumulation was observed in Salix lapponum (>850 mg/kg, biological absorption coefficient (BAC) >4), and technological transport influence was proposed as a possible cause. High paired correlation coefficients of rare and trace elements with Al and with each other (>0.9) in the bulk chemistry analysis of Salix spp. indicate the likelihood of deposition of minerogenetic dust particles. Based on the observed values of the BAC, the plants were classified into biological accumulation (BAC >1) and biological uptake (BAC <1) classes and the latter was found to be dominant.
Weight Loss is Associated with Changes in Gut Microbiome: A Randomized, Cross-Over Trial Comparing a Mediterranean and a Low-Fat Vegan Diet in Overweight Adults.
Authors: Kahleova Hana , Rembert Emilie , Alwarith Jihad , Nowak Amber , Agnello Melissa , Chutkan Robynne , Holubkov Richard , Barnard Neal D.
Published: May 2021

Background: Mediterranean and vegan diets improve body weight and gut microbiome composition. The aim of this study was to compare both diets head-to-head. Methods: Randomized cross-over trial, conducted February-October 2019. Sixty-two overweight adults were assigned to each diet for 16-week periods in random order, separated by a 4-week washout. Body weight was the primary outcome. Secondary measures included changes in gut microbiome which was measured using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Body weight decreased on the vegan compared with the Mediterranean diet (treatment effect -6.0 kg [95% CI -7.5 to -4.5]; p<0.001). The relative abundance of Bacteriodetes decreased (p<0.001 for both diets) and Eubacteria increased on both diets (p<0.001 for the Mediterranean and p=0.009 for the vegan diet). The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae increased (p=0.03), the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio increased (p=0.04) and the butyrate-producing bacteria decreased (p=0.02) on the Mediterranean diet. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased (p<0.001), and Enterobacteria and Ruminococcus increased on the vegan diet (p=0.04 and p<0.001, respectively). Changes in body weight correlated positively with changes in relative abundance of Firmicutes both on the Mediterranean (r=+0.36; p=0.01) and the vegan diet (r=+0.41; p<0.001) and with changes in relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae both on the Mediterranean (r=+0.40; p<0.001) and the vegan diet (r=+0.44; p<0.001). In addition, the changes in body weight correlated negatively with changes in relative abundance of Enterobacteria on the Mediterranean diet (r=-0.32; p=0.02) and Eubacteria on the vegan diet (r=-0.49; p<0.001).Conclusions: A low-fat vegan diet led to a greater weight loss compared with a Mediterranean diet. This may be partly explained by the difference in gut microbiome composition.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03698955
Evaluation of Tannery Wastewater Treatment by Integrating Vesicular Basalt with Local Plant Species in a Constructed Wetland System
Authors: Alemu Agegnehu , Gabbiye Nigus , Lemma Brook
Published: May 2021

Tannery wastewater is composed of a complex mixture of organic and inorganic components from various processes that can critically pollute the environment especially water bodies if discharged without treatment. In this study, integrated vesicular basalt rock and local plant species were used to establish a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system and to investigate the treatment efficiency of tannery wastewater. Four pilot units were vegetated with P. purpureum, T. domingensis, C. latifolius, and E. pyramidalis, and a 5th unit was left unvegetated (control). The constructed wetland units in horizontal subsurface flow systems were effective in removing total Cr, COD, and BOD5 from the inflow tannery wastewater. The removal efficiency reached up to 99.38 %, 84.03 %, and 80.32% for total Cr, COD, and BOD5 respectively in the 6 days of HRT. The removal efficiency of TSS, TP, and NO3− obtained a maximum of 70.59 %, 62.32 %, and 71.23 % respectively. This integrated system was effective for removing tannery wastewater, which is below the Ethiopian surface water standard discharge limit set to BOD (200 mg L− 1), COD (500 mg L− 1), total Cr (2 mg L− 1), NO3− (20 mg L− 1), TSS (50 mg L− 1), and TP (10 mg L− 1).
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein contributes to the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and seed yield under low nitrogen stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Qiao Xinyan , Yu Tao , Ruan Mengjiao , Cui Chaiyan , Chen Cuiyun , Zhu Yuanzhi , Li Fanglin , Wang Shengwang , Na Xiaofan , Wang Xiaomin , Bi Yurong
Published: May 2021

Nitrogen (N) availability is a critical factor for plant development and yield, and it closely correlates to carbon (C) metabolism. Uncoupling protein (UCP) and alternative oxidase (AOX) in mitochondria exhibit a strong correlation with N and C metabolism. Here, we investigated the respective functions of UCP and AOX by using ucp1, aox1a and aox1a/ucp1 mutants under low-N condition. Low-N markedly increased AOX1a and UCP1 expression, alternative pathway capacity and UCP activity. Eight-day-old aox1a/ucp1 seedlings were more sensitive to low-N condition than Col-0 and single mutants, i.e., the lower primary root length and higher anthocyanin accumulation. The net photosynthetic rate (A) and electron transport rate (ETR) under low-N stress were markedly decreased in ucp1 and aox1a/ucp1 compared to those in Col-0, but not in aox1a. The leaf area, total C and N content in shoots showed a similar profile as A and ETR. Nitrate acquisition rate was accelerated in aox1a/ucp1, but its transport activity from root to shoot was decreased, which resulted in the low nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity in shoots upon low-N condition. Additionally, the low C and N content in ucp1 and aox1a/ucp1 seeds led to the decreased seed yield compared to Col-0 upon low-N stress. RNA-seq analysis revealed that a large number of genes involved in photosynthesis, C/N metabolism were markedly down-regulated in aox1a/ucp1 compared to Col-0 under low-N stress. These results highlight the more key role of UCP1 than AOX1a in modulating C and N metabolism and seed yield in Arabidopsis adaptation to low-N stress.
Frequency-Dependent Seedling Predation by Rodents: Growth and Survival of Quercus Wutaishanica in Two Habitats
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Yan Xingfu , Dayananda Buddhi , Luo Yonghong , Li Junqing
Published: May 2021

Background: The preference of a predator for a certain type of prey affects the fitness of species in nature, the optimal foraging theory predicted that prey density may change the predator’s selection preferences, furthermore, predation on prey may be frequency-dependent. However, there are few studies demonstrate that how such frequency-dependent selection influences predator-prey dynamics, especially in plants. Methods: We tested the frequency-dependent preying on Quercus wutaishanica seedlings by rodents and seedlings' survival and growth in different habitats. We transplanted seedlings with five frequency of large and small seed (FLSD) (9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9) in the forest gap and under the canopy in a warm temperate forest in the Liupan Mountains, northwest, Ningxia, China. Results: (1) Rodents prefer the cotyledon of seedlings established from large seeds with more nutrients in the early stage of transplanting. Nonetheless, we found the net effect of rodent predation to be positively frequency-dependent, and this predation effect should function as a species coexistence promoting mechanism. (2) The seedling cotyledon retention rate has the maximum fitness when the FLSD was almost the same, which can provide energy for the growth of seedlings of different phenotypes and ensure their survival as much as possible. (3) Only the cotyledons were preyed on, the apical buds were bitted off, and the whole seedling was uprooted, which mostly occurred under the forest canopy, but the survival rates of cotyledon-predated seedling, apical bud-predated seedling, and intact seedling in the forest gap were higher than those under the canopy, indicating rodents prefer to active or prey under the hidden forest canopy, but the forest gap can provide suitable light for seedling growth and survival. (4) If only cotyledons were preyed on, the growth of Q. wutaishanica seedling would not be affected. Although it is not fatal to bite off the seedling apical bud, the growth is still hindered. Conclusion: These results of this experiment enrich the theory of "frequency dependence", and provide new insights into the coexistence between rodents and seedlings established different seed phenotypes. Furthermore, it also better reveals the ecological characteristics of deciduous Quercus regeneration.
Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection: Do Early Post-Operative Cortisol Levels Predict Permanent Long-Term Hormone Deficiency?
Authors: Butenschoen Vicki Marie , von Werder Alexander , Bette Stefanie , Schmette Veronika , Schwendinger Nina , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens
Published: May 2021

Objective: Transsphenoidal surgery provides a minimal invasive treatment for pituitary adenoma. Our aim is to evaluate the endocrinological outcomes after adenoma resection, and to identify prognostic factors for an impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal- axis function -(HPA) and the reliability of postoperative early morning serum cortisol measurements.Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients treated for pituitary adenoma from April 2006 to January 2019 in our neurosurgical department. Pituitary function was assessed pre- and postoperatively as well as at 6 weeks to 12 weeks and at 1-year follow-up.Results: 211 patients were included. 9% of the patients recovered from a preoperative adrenal insufficiency, 10.4% developed a new need for hormone substitution, and a long-term deficiency of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis was observed in 30.9%. Cortisol measurements 5 days after surgery had a lower area under the curve (AUC) than cortisol levels detected after 6 to 12 weeks (AUC 0.740 vs. AUC 0.808) in predicting a secondary adrenal insufficiency. The cut-off value determined for cortisol measured after 6 weeks was 6.95 µg/dl (sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 68%).Conclusion: Postoperative early morning cortisol levels seem to be less sensitive and specific in predicting long-term hormone deficiency than measurements after 6 weeks and 1 year, emphasizing the importance of endocrine follow-up testing.
Malicious URL Detection Algorithm Based on Multi Neural Network Series
Authors: Xiu Weirong , Bian Chen , Wu Chunhui
Published: May 2021

Abstract: Convolutional neural network based on attention mechanism and a bidirectional independent recurrent neural network tandem joint algorithm (CATIR) are proposed. In natural language processing related technologies, word vector features are extracted based on URLs, and the extracted URL information features and host information features are merged. The proposed CATIR algorithm uses CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) to obtain the deep local features in the data, uses the Attention mechanism to adjust the weights, and uses IndRNN (Independent Recurrent Neural Network) to obtain the global features in the data. The experimental results shows that the CATIR algorithm has significantly improved the accuracy of malicious URL detection based on traditional algorithms to 96.9%.
Keywords: Malicious URL; CATIR; word vector feature; detection
Oridonin relieves depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting neuroinflammation and autophagy impairment in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress
Authors: Liang Liang , Wang Gaohua , Wang Hui , Bian Hetao , Xiao Ling
Published: May 2021

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, chronic, and severe life-threatening disorder with increasing prevalence. Although neuroinflammation is associated with the etiology of depression, the mechanistic interplay between depression, neuroinflammation, and autophagy is yet to be demonstrated. This study investigated the effect of Oridonin on CUMS-induced neuroinflammation, depression, and autophagy impairment. Methods: Male 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 and 6 weeks respectively, some of which were injected with Oridonin, fluoxetine (FLX) or their combination at different durations of CUMS. After CUMS procedure, sucrose preference test and Forced swim test were used to evaluate depressive-like behaviors. Concomitant neuroinflammation changes and autophagy impairments were examined in the hippocampus.Reults: In this study, we found that chronic stress resulted in depressive-like behaviors and caused neuroinflammation and autophagy impairment. In particular, CUMS treatment significantly increased the levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18 and Caspase-1), reduced autophagy-related protein levels (Beclin-1, p62, Atg5 and LC3B), caused microglia cells activation. Oridonin treatment can prevent and reverse the depressive-like behavior induced by CUMS in prophylactic and therapeutic administration, but there is ceiling effect in the treatment process. Furthermore, 10mg/kg dose of Ori has a stronger and longer lasting antidepressant effect than the 10mg/kg dose of fluoxetine. And the antidepressant effect of Ori in combination with fluoxetine was greater than that of high-dose fluoxetine alone. In addition, Ori treatment significantly normalized autophagy-related protein levels, and reduced levels of cytokines via blocking the interaction between NLRP3 and NEK7. Further, we investigated the role of autophagy in LPS-activated BV2 cells and levels of cytokines. Similarly, Oridonin treatment abolished and reversed levels of cytokines and autophagy-related protein levels.Conclusions: All these results supported our hypothesis that Ori possesses potent anti-depressive action, which might be mediated via inhibition of neuroinflammation and autophagy impairment through blocking the interaction between NLRP3 and NEK7.
Shedding of Glycocalyx Components in Neuromyelitis Optica: Initial Predictor of Immune Attack?
Authors: Zhang Qi , Pei Shanshan , Chen Jinyu , Peng Yu , Zhou Zheyi , Wang Zhanhang , wang honghao
Published: May 2021

Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis (MS) and autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy are idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IIDDs) that mainly present as encephalomyelitis. Heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are two components of glycocalyx, a carbohydrate-rich layer on the surface of blood vessels that mediates interaction with blood. Degradation of glycocalyx in IIDDs is poorly understood. Purpose: To detect the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of shed HS and HA and to correlate these levels with disease severity to determine their diagnostic value. Methods: We obtained serum and CSF samples from 24 NMO patients, 15 MS patients, 10 autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy patients, and 18 controls without non-inflammatory neurological diseases. Soluble HS and HA, and IFNγ, IL17A, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 were detected via ELISA. Results: Serum and CSF levels of HS, HA and related cytokines but not of plasma MMP1 were significantly elevated in these diseases. Notably, HS and HA levels were positively correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores. Conclusions: Our results indicate glycocalyx degradation and inflammation in NMO, MS and autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Moreover, increased shedding of HS or HA may indicate a worse clinical situation. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies that protect glycocalyx may be effective in these diseases.
β-Elemene Prevented Multidrug Resistance of Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line H446: Targeting the Autophagy Regulation of MiR-199a-5p is the Mechanism of Cisplatin Resistance.
Authors: Li Tiezhi , Zhang Helin , Wang Zhichao , Gao Shaolin , Zhang Xu , Zhu Haiyong , Wang Na , Li Honglin
Published: May 2021

Background Multidrug resistance (MDR) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a clinical dilemma in chemotherapy. A natural compound, β-elemene has been found to inhibit MDR cancers. We hypothesized that β-elemene regulated cisplatin-resistant SCLC by targeting autophagy-related miRNA miR-199a-5p. Methods We assessed the IC50 of multiple chemotherapeutic agents toward SCLC cells H446 and MDR SCLC cells H446/EP with or without β-elemene using CCK-8. We overexpressed (OE) and knocked down (KD) miR-199a-5p in H446 and H446/EP and determined the expression of miR-199a-5p, autophagy-related proteins, and the formation of autophagolysosomes using QPCR, western blotting, and MDC staining respectively. We validate the binding of miR-199a-5p to p62 using the Dual-Luciferase assay. Results β-Elemene decreased drug resistance of H446 to cisplatin, etoposide, paclitexal, epirubicin, irinotecan, and vinorelbine. Cisplatin increased LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes in H446 cells, but not in H446/EP cells, and these effects were blocked by β-elemene. The OE of miR-199a-5p reduced cisplatin-induced increase of LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes while the KD of miR-199a-5p did the opposite. the OE of miR-199a-5p reduced the luciferase signal of wild-type p62, but not that of p62 with mutations at the predicted binding site. The effect of β-elemene on cisplatin-induced autophagy was validated in OE-H446 and KD-H446/EP. Conclusions β-Elemene prevented MDR in H446 and it prevents cisplatin resistance of H446 by targeting the autophagy regulation of miR-199a-5p.
Development and Application of a Duplex-Single Sequence Repeat Panel for Outcrossing Fertility Evaluation in Red Clover Under Open-Pollinating Conditions
Authors: Huang Fan , Qiang Xiaojing , Li Jun , Liu Lei , Wu Zinian , Li Zhiyong
Published: May 2021

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a globally significant legume having economic value as a forage and green manure crop in temperate agricultural zones. Based on the gametophytic self-incompatibility system, and analysis of seed set rates between self and cross pollination, the clover has long been considered an outcrossing species. However, the outcrossing rates of red clover under open-pollination conditions are not definitive. Development of a reliable, timesaving, and easily usable marker system is needed to quantify and characterize rates of red clover crossing and selfing. Here, genome-wide screening of 209 mapped simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was conducted, and 185 produced clear scorable bands on a pooled DNA sample of 20 red clover accessions. Seventy markers were selected based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification quality on 24 genotypes and their relatively even distribution in red clover genome. Mean polymorphic information content for the 70 markers was 0.490, ranging from 0.117 to 0.878. From the markers, a core set of 24 loci, which had been mapped on six linkage groups, was further tested to develop 12 sets of duplex markers. Using the established duplex PCR protocol, 10 out of 12 sets of duplex SSR markers were used to genotype 60 maternal parents and their respective 22 half-sib progenies. Eight plants among the 1,320 progenies were identified to be selfed, indicating that the outcrossing rate was 99.4% in a natural environment. The protocol and the finding of this rare selfing strategy under open-pollinating conditions contribute to red clover breeding efforts.
Systematic review raises doubts about the effectiveness of framing in climate change communication
Authors: Fesenfeld Lukas , Sun Yixian , Wicki Michael , Beiser-McGrath Liam , Bernauer Thomas
Published: May 2021

Ambitious climate policy requires acceptance by millions of people whose daily lives would be affected in costly ways. How to get the mass public on board to prevent a political backlash against costly climate policies? Many scholars regard ‘framing’ as an effective communication strategy for changing climate beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. In contrast, skeptics argue that people hold relatively stable opinions and doubt that framing can alter public opinion on salient issues like climate change. We contribute to this debate by conducting a first systematic review of 121 experimental studies on climate and environmental policy framing, published in 46 peer-reviewed journals. We find that the vast majority of these experiments report significant framing effects. However, the robustness of these results cannot easily be checked because only few studies make their data publicly available. A survey of framing researchers suggests that when scholars successfully publish non-significant effects, these were typically bundled together with other, significant effects. Re-analysis of studies focusing on framing differences by partisanship (a key driver of climate change attitudes) also shows that these effects are often not robust when accounting for omitted interaction bias. To improve confidence in climate communication research, we propose some best-practice standards, including preregistration of study designs, publication of replication materials, and use of advanced post-design solutions.
Immunophenotyping analysis of renal cell carcinoma identified APOC1 as an immune-related biomarker and therapeutic target
Authors: Ren Liwen , Yi Jie , Li Wan , Wu Chuncai , Zheng Xiangjin , Liu Jinyi , Li Sha , Yang Yihui , Du Guanhua , Wang Jinhua , Dong Dexin , Wang Xifu
Published: May 2021

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most lethal common kidney cancer, accounts for 2–3% of all cancers in adults with no effective diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target till now.Methods: In this study, the singularly expressed transcriptomics and immune infiltration phenotype of RCC had been clarified through systematic analysis of the RCC data set in TCGA. The abnormally expressed immune-related markers of RCC were analyzed via the above analysis. Using overexpression and knockdown assay, combined with migration, invasion, colony formation, cell cycle, immunohistochemistry, western blotting method experiments etc., the function and mechanism of immune-related marker were studied on RCC cell lines and nude mice.Results: Interestingly, we found that apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) was dramatically overexpressed and correlated with RCC immunophenotype. The level of APOC1 in the serum of RCC patients was significantly increased with development of RCC and the expression level of APOC1 was related to the overall survival and disease-free survival of the patients. Knockdown of APOC1 expression inhibited the migration and invasion of RCC cells, which might be mediated by TGF-β, MMP3, and E-cadherin. Overexpression of APOC1 promoted the growth of RCC cells in medium, 3D Matrigel, and nude mice. Overexpression of APOC1 promoted the transition from G1 to S phase, while silencing of APOC1 arrested cycle of RCC cells at G2/M phase via FOXO1/P27/Cyclin D1 and P53/GADD45A/cdc2/Cyclin B1 pathway. Conclusions: Together, these data indicate that APOC1 was critical for mitotic progression, metastasis, and immune infiltration of RCC and may be an immune-related biomarker and therapeutic target for renal cell carcinoma.
Border Restriction as a Public Health Measure to Limit Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Wong Chun Ka , Ma Ting Fung , Ho Ka Wai , Fan Wai Tong Louis , Chan King Pui Florence , Chan Shung Kay Samuel , Tam Chi Chun Terence , Ho Pak Leung
Published: May 2021

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to pandemic that affected almost all countries in the world. Many countries have implemented border restriction as a public health measure to limit local outbreak. However, there is inadequate scientific data to support such a practice, especially in the presence of an established local transmission of the disease.Methods: A novel metapopulation Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model with inspected migration was applied to investigate the effect of border restriction between Hong Kong and mainland China on the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Isolation facilities occupancy was also studied.Results: At R0 is set to be inversely correlated with temperature of 2.2, the cumulative COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong can be reduced by 13.99% (from 29,163 to 25,084) with complete border closure. At an in-patient mortality of 1.4%, the number of deaths can be reduced from 408 to 351 (57 lives saved). However, border closure alone was insufficient to prevent full occupancy of isolation facilities in Hong Kong; effective public health measures to reduce local R0 to below 1.6 was necessary. Conclusions: As a public health measure to tackle COVID-19, border restriction is effective in reducing cumulative cases and mortality.
Impact of clinical-pathological factors on locoregional recurrence in mastectomy patients with T1-2N1 breast cancer: who can omit adjuvant radiotherapy?
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Zhang Xiaomeng , Luo Jurui , Zhang Li , Chen Xingxing , Yang Zhaozhi , Mei Xin , Yu Xiaoli , Zhang Zhen , Shao Zhimin , Guo Xiaomao , Ma Jinli
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in T1–T2 tumors with 1–3 positive axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) is controversial. This study was to identify prognostic factors of locoregional control (LRC) following mastectomy with or without PMRT for patients with T1-2N1 breast cancer and to discuss the selection of patients who might omit PMRT.Materials and Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2010, the data of 1474 postmastectomy patients staged pT1-2N1 were analyzed. PMRT was applied in 663 patients. LRC and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression model was applied in the univariate and multivariate analyses to recognize the recurrence risk factors.Results: With the median follow-up duration of 93 months (range, 5-168 months), 78 patients (5.3%) failed to secure LRC and 220 patients (14.9%) experienced any recurrence. The 7.7-year LRC and DFS was 94.9% and 85.4% respectively in the entire cohort. PMRT significantly improved 7.7-year LRC from 93.4% to 96.6% (p = 0.005), but not the DFS (p = 0.335). Multivariate analysis revealed that PMRT was an independent prognostic factor of LRC (p < 0.001), meanwhile, age ≤ 40 years (p = 0.012), histological grade 3 (p = 0.004), 2-3 positive nodes (p < 0.001) and tumor size of 3-5cm (p = 0.045) were significantly associated with decreased LRC. The 7.7-year LRC for patients with 0, 1, and 2-4 risk factors was 97.7% / 98.9% (P = 0.233), 95.3% / 98.0% (P = 0.092), and 80.3% / 94.8% (P < 0.001) in the non-PMRT and PMRT group respectively.Conclusion: In patients with T1-2N1 breast cancer, clinical-pathological factors such as young age, histological grade 3, 2-3 positive nodes, and tumor size of 3-5cm were identified to be predictors of a poorer LRC following mastectomy. Patients with 0-1 risk factor might consider the omission of PMRT.
Antecedents of Capital Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence From G-7 Countries
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Jinghong Shu , Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem
Published: May 2021

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