bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-Thinking GIS – Zur Visuellen Politik der frühen quantitativ-theoretischen Geographie
Authors: Michel Boris
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This paper examines questions of how issues of visual representation and vision have changed with the the quantitative and theoretical thinking in 1950s and early 1960s Anglophone geography. If the quantitative revolution in geography is understood as a scientific revolution, one should also expect a revolution of the ways in which geography made use of visualizations. At the center of this essay is William Bunge's “Theoretical Geography”, one of the founding text of this new geographical thought. This book forms the starting point for a discussion of the changed roles and changed forms of visualization in the production of geographical knowledge. Following Fred Schaefer's attack on Richard Harthorne, Bunge placed the search for morphological laws at the center of a geography that is strongly oriented towards geometry. In this paper, the text of Bunge serves as a starting point into the field of early analytical cartography and the first consideration of what later, become geographic information systems and their new visual language. In this paper this history of GIS is largely told without a history of technology a well as without its political context of the cold war and the Fordist state.
Recent glacier mass balance and area changes in the Kangri Karpo Mountain
derived from multi-sources of DEMs and glacier inventories
Authors: Kunpeng Wu , Shiyin Liu , Zongli Jiang , Junli Xu , Junfeng Wei , Wanqin Guo
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Due to the effect of Indian monsoon, the Kangri Karpo Mountain, located in southeast Tibetan Plateau, is the most humid region of Tibetan Plateau, and become one of the most important and concentrated regions with maritime (temperate) glaciers development. Glacier mass loss in Kangri Karpo Mountain is important contributor to global mean sea level rise, and it change runoff distribution, increase risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Because of their difficult accessibility and high labor costs, the knowledge of glaciological parameters of glaciers in the Kangri Karpo Mountain is still limited. This study presents glacier elevation changes in the Kangri Karpo Mountain, by utilizing geodetic methods based on digital elevation models (DEM) derived from Topographic Maps (1980), the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM (2000), and TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X (2014). Glacier area and length changes were derived from Topographical Maps and Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI images between 1980 and 2015. Our results show that the Kangri Karpo Mountain contains 1166 glaciers, with an area of 2048.50 ± 48.65 km2 in 2015. Ice cover in the Kangri Karpo Mountain diminished by 679.51 ± 59.49 km2 (24.9 % ± 2.2 %) or 0.71 % ± 0.06 % a-1 from 1980–2015, however, with nine glaciers in advance from 1980–2015. Glaciers with area of 788.28 km2 in the region, as derived from DEM differencing, have experienced a mean mass deficit of 0.46 ± 0.08 m w.e. a-1 from 1980–2014. These glaciers showed slight accelerated shrinkage and significant accelerated mass loss during 2000–2015 compared to that during 1980–2000, which is consistent with the tendency of climate warming.
Political Ideology and Prioritization of Qualities for Boyfriends-to-be Among Thai Female University Students
Authors: Jermsittiparsert Kittisak , Poothong Waurasit
Published: September 2017

This research aims to (1) examine the political ideology and prioritization of qualities for men to be chosen as a boyfriend, (2) compare such prioritization among individuals by considering their personal factors, including class years, majors, hometowns, parents’ occupations, and household incomes, and (3) test the relationship between the political ideology and such prioritization. The research is conducted by collecting data from 400 female students of a private university in Pathumthani, Thailand who registered in the final semester of the 2016 academic year. The data are collected via questionnaires, and statistically analyzed by finding the frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations as well as by adopting the methods of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s Pairwise Comparison Test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, with the statistical significance set at the 5-percent level. The results show that overall the sample’s political ideology leans slightly towards liberalism, and the sample gives a moderate priority to the qualities of men to be chosen as a boyfriend. The quality to which the sample gives the top priority is the personal characters of the men. It is also found that the five personal factors also affect the prioritization of qualities for men to be chosen as a boyfriend, and that the political ideology and the prioritization of qualities for the boyfriend-to-be are only weakly related.
Information Technology and Transcription of Reading Materials for the Visually Impaired Persons in Nigeria
Authors: Nkiko Christopher , Atinmo Morayo I. , Michael-Onuoha Happiness Chijioke , Ilogho Julie E. , Fagbohun Michael O. , Ifeakachuku Osinulu , Adetomiwa Basiru , Usman Kazeem Omeiza
Published: September 2017

Studies have shown inadequate reading materials for the visually impaired in Nigeria. Information technology has greatly advanced the provision of information to the visually impaired in other industrialized climes. This study investigated the extent of application of information technology to the transcription of reading materials for the visually impaired in Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design of the ex-post facto to select 470 personnel as respondents. A questionnaire titled Information Technology Use Scale (α=0.74), and Interview Schedule (α=0.75), were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The findings indicate that information technology in transcription was low and a significant positive relationship between application of information technology and transcription of information materials (r=0.62: p<0.05). The study recommended among others that Multi-National Corporations should be sensitized to extend their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities to help in procuring modern information technology devices and software to enhance transcription.
The Demos as a Plural Subject
Authors: Leijssenaar Bas
Published: September 2017

The Demos as a Plural Subject

Existing conceptualizations of the demos fail to treat issues of composition and performativity consistently. Recent literature suggests that both aspects are required in a satisfactory account of the demos. An analysis of this literature suggests several desiderata that such an account must meet. I approach the definition of demos with a conceptual framework derived from Margaret Gilbert’s plural subject theory of social groups. I propose an account of demos as a plural subject, constituted by joint commitment. This account offers an improved and consistent understanding of normativity, composition, agency, and cohesion of demos.
The role of interleukin 15 in neoplasia
Authors: Chłopek Małgorzata , Kowalik Artur , Góźdź Stanisław , Koziak Katarzyna
Published: September 2017

Interleukin 15 is a pleiotropic cytokine of the four α helix bundle family. Binding to a heterotrimeric receptor complex, which consists of a unique, high affinity IL-15Rα-chain and IL-2/IL-15Rβ and IL-2Rγ chains, IL-15 activates signaling pathways leading to activation and proliferation of T and B cells, as well as natural killer cells. At the same time, IL-15 protects effector cells from T regulatory cells and does not induce immune tolerance. The significant regulatory action of IL-15 on the immune system provides new opportunities for development of anti-cancer therapies.As documented in many experiments using different tumor models, IL-15 enhances antitumor effects. To improve the efficiency of IL-15, several strategies, including combination with other anti-cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, additional use of antibodies (anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4, anti-CD40), or other cytokines, have been evaluated. Increased anti-tumor activity can also be obtained by using IL-15 agonists.However, acting as a growth factor for immune cells but also for tumor cells, IL-15 may promote their proliferation, survival and dissemination. Of significance seems the role of IL-15 in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, which is due to the involvement in the proliferation and differentiation of NK, T and B cells.Currently, several experimental strategies are available to block biological activity of IL-15. Among compounds inhibiting the activity of IL-15 are not only monoclonal antibodies interacting directly with the cytokine or with IL-15R subunits, but also mutant forms of IL-15 and protein constructs.
Commentary: Should Mathematics Teacher Education Be Politically Neutral?
Authors: Felton-Koestler Mathew D. , Koestler Courtney
Published: September 2017

Many current and prospective teachers, policy makers, and members of the public view mathematics as neutral and objective, and they expect mathematics teaching and teacher education to be neutral as well. But what would it mean to think of mathematics teacher education as politically neutral? Below we consider some questions that we see as highlighting why mathematics teacher education cannot be neutral. We are not the first to raise these issues, but we appreciate the opportunity to discuss and reflect on them among a community of mathematics teacher educators. Although these questions have always been relevant, we see their importance growing in the face of the increased mathematization of our world and a highly polarized political landscape with a seemingly increased public acceptance of oppressive discourse and actions (Potok, 2017).
Lower-Leg and Foot Contributions to Turnout in University-Level Female Ballet Dancers
Authors: Carter Sarah L. , Bryant Alan R. , Hopper Luke S.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Turnout in ballet is produced through summation of the joint structure characteristics and ranges of motion at the hip, knee, ankle, and foot. Contributions of the hip joint to functional turnout in dancers have received extensive examination, whereas little is known about contributions from the knee, ankle, and foot. The aim of this study was to explore the nonhip components of turnout to dancers' functional turnout in first position by assessing passive external tibiofemoral rotation and active measures of foot pronation, ie, navicular drop and Foot Posture Index.

Methods:

Nineteen female university-level dance students aged 16 to 19 years participated in this descriptive correlational study. External tibiofemoral rotation, navicular drop, Foot Posture Index, and functional turnout were measured for the participants' right and left legs.

Results:

Regression analyses revealed a weak relationship between passive external tibiofemoral rotation and functional turnout. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate negative relationship between passive tibiofemoral external rotation and the Foot Posture Index in functional turnout.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that the lower leg does contribute to dancers' overall position of functional turnout. However, current methods are not useful in predicting a dancer's lower-leg contribution and alignment in functional turnout in first position.
Foot Pain in Relation to Ipsilateral and Contralateral Lower-Extremity Pain in a Population-Based Study
Authors: Dufour Alyssa B. , Halpern Brian , Positano Rock G. , Hillstrom Howard J. , Hannan Marian T.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Clinical observations note that foot pain can be linked to contralateral pain at the knee or hip, yet we are unaware of any community-based studies that have investigated the sidedness of pain. Because clinic-based patient samples are often different from the general population, the purpose of this study was to determine whether knee or hip pain is more prevalent with contralateral foot pain than with ipsilateral foot pain in a population-based cohort.

Methods:

Framingham Foot Study participants (2002–2008) with information on foot, knee, and hip pain were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Foot pain was queried as pain, aching, or stiffness on most days. Using a manikin diagram, participants indicated whether they had experienced pain, aching, or stiffness at the hip or knee and specified the side of any reported pain. Sex-specific multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for the association of foot pain with knee and hip pain, adjusting for age and body mass index.

Results:

In the 2,181 participants, the mean ± SD age was 64 ± 9 years; 56% were women, and the mean body mass index was 28.6. For men and women, bilateral foot pain was associated with increased odds of knee pain on any side (ORs = 2–3; P < .02). Men with foot pain were more likely to have ipsilateral hip pain (ORs = 2–4; P<.03), whereas women with bilateral foot pain were more likely to have hip pain on any side (OR = 2–3; P < .02).

Conclusions:

Bilateral foot pain was associated with increased odds of knee and hip pain in men and women. For ipsilateral foot and hip pain, men had a stronger effect compared with women.
Synthesis and Microbiological Evaluation of Novel Tetracyclic Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Wagman Allan S. , Cirz Ryan , McEnroe Glenn , Aggen James , Linsell Martin S. , Goldblum Adam A. , Lopez Sara , Gomez Marcela , Miller George , Simons Lloyd J. , Belliotti Thomas R. , Harris Christina R. , Poel Toni‐Jo , Melnick Michael J. , Gaston Ricky D. , Moser Heinz E.
Published: September 2017

Conformationally constrained tetracyclic fluoroquinolones (FQs) were synthesized and profiled for their microbiological spectrum. The installation of a seven‐membered ring between the pyrrolidine substituents and the C8 position on the FQ core scaffold resulted in a remarkable enhancement of microbiological potency toward both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Focused optimization of seven‐membered ring composition, stereochemistry, and amine placement led to the discovery of the two lead compounds that were selected for further progression.
Association of Incident, Clinically Undiagnosed Radiographic Vertebral Fractures With Follow-Up Back Pain Symptoms in Older Men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study
Authors: Fink Howard A , Litwack-Harrison Stephanie , Ensrud Kristine E , Shen Jian , Schousboe John T , Cawthon Peggy M , Cauley Jane A , Lane Nancy E , Taylor Brent C , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Kado Deborah M , Cummings Steven R , Marshall Lynn M ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group
Published: September 2017

Prior data in women suggest that incident clinically undiagnosed radiographic vertebral fractures (VFs) often are symptomatic, but misclassification of incident clinical VF may have biased these estimates. There are no comparable data in men. To evaluate the association of incident clinically undiagnosed radiographic VF with back pain symptoms and associated activity limitations, we used data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling men aged ≥65 years. A total of 4396 men completed spine X-rays and symptom questionnaires at baseline and visit 2, about 4.6 years later. Incident clinical VFs during this interval were defined by self-reported clinical diagnosis plus community imaging showing a centrally adjudicated ≥1 increase in semiquantitative (SQ) grade in any thoracic or lumbar vertebra versus baseline study X-rays. Incident radiographic VFs (≥1 increase in SQ grade between baseline and visit 2 study X-rays) were categorized as radiographic-only (not clinically diagnosed) or radiographic plus clinical (also clinically diagnosed). Multivariable-adjusted log binomial regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Men with incident radiographic plus clinical VF were most likely to have back pain symptoms and associated activity limitation at follow-up. However, versus men without incident VF, those with incident radiographic-only VF also were significantly more likely at follow-up to report any back pain (70% versus 59%; PR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1 to 1.3]), severe back pain (8% versus 4%; PR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1 to 3.3]), bother from back pain most/all the time (22% versus 13%; PR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3 to 2.2]), and limited usual activity from back pain (34% versus 18%; PR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.5 to 2.4]). Clinically undiagnosed, incident radiographic VFs were associated with an increased likelihood of back pain symptoms and associated activity limitation. Results suggest incident radiographic-only VFs often were symptomatic, and were associated with both new and worsening back pain. Preventing these fractures may reduce back pain and related disability in older men. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Closed‐loop one‐way‐travel‐time navigation using low‐grade odometry for autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Claus Brian , Kepper James H. , Suman Stefano , Kinsey James C.
Published: September 2017

This paper extends the progress of single beacon one‐way‐travel‐time (OWTT) range measurements for constraining XY position for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). Traditional navigation algorithms have used OWTT measurements to constrain an inertial navigation system aided by a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL). These methodologies limit AUV applications to where DVL bottom‐lock is available as well as the necessity for expensive strap‐down sensors, such as the DVL. Thus, deep water, mid‐water column research has mostly been left untouched, and vehicles that need expensive strap‐down sensors restrict the possibility of using multiple AUVs to explore a certain area. This work presents a solution for accurate navigation and localization using a vehicle's odometry determined by its dynamic model velocity and constrained by OWTT range measurements from a topside source beacon as well as other AUVs operating in proximity. We present a comparison of two navigation algorithms: an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a Particle Filter(PF). Both of these algorithms also incorporate a water velocity bias estimator that further enhances the navigation accuracy and localization. Closed‐loop online field results on local waters as well as a real‐time implementation of two days field trials operating in Monterey Bay, California during the Keck Institute for Space Studies oceanographic research project prove the accuracy of this methodology with a root mean square error on the order of tens of meters compared to GPS position over a distance traveled of multiple kilometers.
Invariant density functions of random -transformations
Authors: SUZUKI SHINTARO
Published: September 2017

We consider the random $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-transformation $K_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}$ introduced by Dajani and Kraaikamp [Random $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-expansions. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.23 (2003), 461–479], which is defined on $\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}\times [0,[\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}]/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}-1)]$. We give an explicit formula for the density function of a unique $K_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}$-invariant probability measure absolutely continuous with respect to the product measure $m_{p}\otimes \unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}$, where $m_{p}$ is the $(1-p,p)$-Bernoulli measure on $\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}$ is the normalized Lebesgue measure on $[0,[\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}]/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}-1)]$. We apply the explicit formula for the density function to evaluate its upper and lower bounds and to investigate its continuity as a function of the two parameters $p$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$.
A Proactive Telephone-Delivered Risk Communication Intervention for Smokers Participating in Lung Cancer Screening: A Pilot Feasibility Trial
Authors: Zeliadt Steven B. , Greene Preston A. , Krebs Paul , Klein Deborah E. , Feemster Laura C. , Au David H. , Slatore Christopher G. , Heffner Jaimee L.
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Many barriers exist to integrating smoking cessation into delivery of lung cancer screening including limited provider time and patient misconceptions.

Aims: To demonstrate that proactive outreach from a telephone counsellor outside of the patient's usual care team is feasible and acceptable to patients.

Methods: Smokers undergoing lung cancer screening were approached for a telephone counselling study. Patients agreeing to participate in the intervention (n = 27) received two telephone counselling sessions. A 30-day follow-up evaluation was conducted, which also included screening participants receiving usual care (n = 56).

Results/Findings: Most (89%) intervention participants reported being satisfied with the proactive calls, and 81% reported the sessions were helpful. Use of behavioural cessation support programs in the intervention group was four times higher (44%) compared to the usual care group (11%); Relative Risk (RR) = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.7 to 9.9), and seven-day abstinence in the intervention group was double (19%) compared to the usual care group (7%); RR = 2.6; 95% CI: 0.8 to 8.9).

Conclusions: This practical telephone-based approach, which included risk messages clarifying continued risks of smoking in the context of screening results, suggests such messaging can boost utilisation of evidence-based tobacco treatment, self-efficacy, and potentially increase the likelihood of successful quitting.
The legislative framework for salt iodization in Asia and the Pacific and its impact on programme implementation
Authors: Codling Karen , Rudert Christiane , Bégin France , Peña-Rosas Juan Pablo
Published: September 2017

Objective

Fortification of food-grade (edible) salt with iodine is recommended as a safe, cost-effective and sustainable strategy for the prevention of iodine-deficiency disorders. The present paper examines the legislative framework for salt iodization in Asian countries.

Design

We reviewed salt iodization legislation in thirty-six countries in Asia and the Pacific. We obtained copies of existing and draft legislation for salt iodization from UNICEF country offices and the WHO’s Global Database of Implementation of Nutrition Actions. We compiled legislation details by country and report on commonalities and gaps using a standardized form. The association between type of legislation and availability of iodized salt in households was assessed.

Results

We identified twenty-one countries with existing salt iodization legislation, of which eighteen were mandatory. A further nine countries have draft legislation. The majority of countries with draft and existing legislation used a mandatory standard or technical regulation for iodized salt under their Food Act/Law. The remainder have developed a ‘stand-alone’ Law/Act. Available national surveys indicate that the proportion of households consuming adequately iodized salt was lowest in countries with no, draft or voluntary legislation, and highest in those where the legislation was based on mandatory regulations under Food Acts/Laws.

Conclusions

Legislation for salt iodization, particularly mandatory legislation under the national food law, facilitates universal salt iodization. However, additional important factors for implementation of salt iodization and maintenance of achievements include the salt industry’s structure and capacity to adequately fortify, and official commitment and capacity to enforce national legislation.
Computational study on the origin of the cancer immunotherapeutic potential of B and T cell epitope peptides
Authors: Li Hao , Schaduangrat Nalini , Simeon Saw , Nantasenamat Chanin
Published: September 2017

Computational analysis of anticancer humoral and cellular immunity activating dual response epitope peptides reveals significant differences to mono-response activating peptides.
Methylglyoxal attenuates insulin signaling and downregulates the enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis
Authors: Deshmukh Arati B. , Bai Shakuntala , T. Aarthy , Kazi Rubina S. , Banarjee Reema , Rathore Rajeshwari , MV Vijayakumar , HV Thulasiram , Kumar Bhat Manoj , MJ Kulkarni
Published: September 2017

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl known to be elevated under the hyperglycemic conditions of diabetes and is implicated in the development of diabetic complications.
The spectroscopic impact of interactions with the four Gouterman orbitals from peripheral decoration of porphyrins with simple electron withdrawing and donating groups
Authors: Zhang Angel , Kwan Lydia , Stillman Martin J.
Published: September 2017

Porphyrin β-substitution with strong electron withdrawing groups splits the LUMO, red-shifts the Q band, and introduces a dipole moment.
Small-angle neutron scattering study of a dense microemulsion system formed with an ionic liquid
Authors: Kang T. , Qian S. , Smith G. S. , Do C. , Heller W. T.
Published: September 2017

The structure of the microemulsion formed with an Ionic Liquid (IL) in specific systematic composition series has been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering to understand how the IL can be used to tune the structure and properties of microemulsions.
Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser
Authors: Bergmann Günther
Published: September 2017

Im Juni 2017 schreibt Heike Schmoll in der FAZ über die Sprache und Bildung nach Humboldt. Es ging Humboldt darum „das Prinzip zu erhalten, die Wissenschaft als etwas noch nicht ganz Gefundenes und nie ganz Aufzufindendes zu betrachten und unablässig als solches zu suchen“. Im Zusammenhang mit seiner Zielsetzung z. B. auch Sprachen zu lernen, formuliert es Humboldt so: „Das Erlernen einer anderen Sprache ist für ihn ganz elementar mit dem Überwinden von Fremdheit, mit einer Aneignung der fremden Welt und ihrer Überführung in das Eigenthum des Geistes verbunden“. Von daher verstehe er die Sprachwissenschaft und ihre Aufgabe darin, die Unterschiede der Weltansichten in ihrer lautlichen Gestaltung zu beschreiben.
Der Zeitpunkt des Todes
Authors: Schäfer P. Klaus
Published: September 2017

Pflege und Begleitung von Hirntoten Komapatienten gehören zur alltäglichen Arbeit auf der Intensivstation. Doch zuweilen stellt sich
die Frage, ob hier Hirntod vorliegt. Die Hirntoddiagnostik bringt es schließlich ans Licht: Hier liegt ein Hirntoter. Wie ist dann mit den
Angehörigen umzugehen? Wie soll man selbst mit dieser seltenen Situation umgehen? Was für ein Zustand ist Hirntod?
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Assessing the Effects of Applying a Force to C5 by a Mechanically Assisted Instrument on Referred Pain to the Shoulder
Authors: Hardas George M. , Murrell George A.C.
Published: September 2017

Study Design.

Randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objective.

To determine the effects of applying a force to C5 of the spine by a mechanically assisted instrument (MAI) in patients with referred shoulder pain.

Summary of Background Data.

Manipulating C5 of the spine is a chiropractic treatment for referred shoulder pain; there are no clinical trials evaluating its efficacy. Outcome measures were patient ranked questionnaires and independent examiner findings. One hundred and twenty-five patients were diagnosed with referred shoulder pain of cervical origin; 65 patients were in the treatment cohort and 60 patients in the placebo cohort.

Methods.

This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effects of applying a force to C5 by a MAI to patients with referred shoulder pain. The treatment cohort had the MAI set at the maximum setting to transmit a force into the spine; the placebo cohort had the MAI turned off. Primary outcome measures were frequency and severity of extreme shoulder pain obtained via a patient-reported questionnaire; secondary outcome measures were patient ranked pain and functional outcomes as well as examiner assessed range of motion and strength. Assessment procedures were completed at 24 weeks posttreatment and data were analyzed with intent-to-treat protocol.

Results.

There was a reduction in the frequency but not severity of extreme shoulder pain in the treatment cohort, average ranking reducing from weekly to monthly (P < 0.05). Patients treated with the MAI had 10 N (P = 0.04) better internal rotation strength after 6 months posttreatment. No differences with any other outcome measures between the two cohorts at the 24-week study period.

Conclusion.

The major effect of applying a MAI to the level of C5 of the spine in referred shoulder pain is improved shoulder strength for internal rotation in this randomized double-blinded clinical trial.

Level of Evidence: 2
Short- and Longer-Term Association Between Body Mass Index and Health Status in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients
Authors: Pieters Kimberley , Spronk Angela , Sunamura Madoka , Dulfer Karolijn , ter Hoeve Nienke , Utens Elisabeth M. W. J. , van Domburg Ron T.
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

The association between body mass index (BMI) and subjective health status before and after cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and 1 year later was compared in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) who did (CR group) and did not receive CR (no-CR group). The aim was to investigate the association between BMI and subjective health status based on the Short Form-12 questionnaire.

Methods:

Between 2009 and 2011, 242 patients with pPCI with an acute myocardial infarction completed a CR program and were compared with 115 patients in the no-CR group. All patients completed the Short Form-12 questionnaire at baseline, at 12 weeks, and at 1-year followup. The CR program consisted of a 2 sessions per week for 1.5 hours each for 12 weeks. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on BMI: normal weight, overweight, and obese.

Results:

Compared with patients in the no-CR group, CR group patients in the overweight group significantly improved their subjective health status after CR and these improvements were sustained at 1-year followup. CR patients in the normal weight and obese groups did not significantly improve subjective health status. The overweight patients had the highest improvement in subjective health status (OR = 3.4 post-CR and 5.1 at 1 year of followup).

Conclusions:

After CR, overweight patients showed the best improvement in subjective health status. CR did not significantly improve subjective health status in normal-weight and obese patients.
Treatment of Metastatic Eyelid Carcinoma
Authors: Bonavolontà Paola , Dell’Aversana Orabona Giovanni , Abbate Vincenzo , Iaconetta Giorgio , Bonavolontà Giulio , Califano Luigi
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to report management and outcomes in patients affected by eyelids carcinomas involving regional lymph nodes.

Methods:

We have retrospectively analyzed the data of patients affected by eyelids carcinoma with nodal involvement. The clinical records of 10 patients with malignant eyelid carcinoma and regional nodal metastasis treated between September 2011 and March 2015 have been analyzed.

Results:

The study included 5 women and 5 men (median age 54,5 years; range 37–80 years). The most common tumor was the squamous cell carcinoma (4 cases) followed by sebaceous carcinoma (2 cases): 1 case of epidermoid carcinoma, 1 case of malignant melanoma, 1 case of Merkel carcinoma, and 1 case of basal cell carcinoma. All patients were treated by surgical resection; in 2 cases, orbital exenteration was required. The treatment of regional nodal metastasis consisted of parotidectomy and radical neck dissection followed by radiation therapy. None of the patients developed local recurrence. Three patients died: one, affected by Merkel cell carcinoma, died after 2 months because of metastatic dissemination to the lung; another one, affected by epidermoid carcinoma involving the orbit, died because of liver metastasis; the third one, affected by malignant melanoma, died because of other causes. The follow-up time ranged from 9 to 36 months (median 19.3 months).

Conclusions:

Patients affected by advanced malignant eyelid carcinoma need to be strictly controlled because metastasis can develop at least 5 years after surgical treatment. Therapy may include a combination of local surgery, neck dissection, and radiation.
Automated Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness and Minimum Rim Width Thickness in Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Pérez-Sarriegui Ane , Muñoz-Negrete Francisco J. , Noval Susana , De Juan Victoria , Rebolleda Gema
Published: September 2017

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare peripapillary choroidal thickness (pCT) and macular choroidal thickness (CT), Bruch membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and optic disc area among nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) eyes, the contralateral unaffected eyes, and healthy control eyes.

Methods:

Twenty-six patients diagnosed with NAION (29 affected and 21 unaffected eyes) and 29 healthy matched control individuals (29 eyes) were analyzed by swept-source optical coherence tomography. All participants underwent scanning by Spectralis optical coherence tomography to analyze BMO-MRW, RNFL thickness, and optic disc area.

Results:

Mean pCT in the NAION eyes, unaffected fellow eyes, and the control group was 130.5 ± 72.1 μm, 149.6 ± 75.7 μm, and 103.7 ± 36.7 μm, respectively (analysis of variance [ANOVA], P = 0.04). Mean macular CT in the NAION eyes, unaffected fellow eyes, and the control group was 226.1 ± 79.8 μm, 244.6 ± 81.4 μm, and 189.9 ± 56.4 μm, respectively (ANOVA, P = 0.03). Mean and all sectorial RNFL and BMO-MRW thickness values were significantly thinner in the NAION eyes vs the unaffected fellow and control eyes (P ≤ 0.00). The unaffected fellow eyes in NAION patients showed a significantly thicker average and sectorial BMO-MRW values than control eyes (P ≤ 0.02) except for the nasal sector (P = 0.09). Mean optic disc area derived from BMO analysis was not significantly different among groups (ANOVA, P = 0.86).

Conclusions:

The fellow unaffected eyes in patients with NAION showed significantly thicker mean peripapillary and macular choroidal and BMO-MRW thicknesses than disease-free control eyes. No differences in the mean optic disc area were found. Both a thick peripapillary choroid and a thick neuroretinal rim might contribute to the development of NAION or possibly be a secondary phenomenon.
Practices of subjectivity: the informal economies and the subaltern rebellion
Authors: Saitta Pietro
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the links between “informal economies” and the concept of “resistance.” The author argues that the petty illegalities of the dominated and subaltern classes should be seen in their connections to the illegalism of the élites and the state. Within this framework, the informal economy is seen as both the outcome of a set of material conditions aiming at the subordinated inclusion of entire classes of citizens, and the mark of the willingness by these same subalterns to evade the bonds imposed on them by the legislations and the social hierarchies.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of the ethnographical and socio-economical literature on the issue of informality, accompanied byex-postreflections on pertinent studies conducted in the past by the researcher.

Findings

Against the dominant public rhetoric, the informal economy is here seen as a particular space of enactment by the dominated and subalterns aimed at self-producing paradoxical forms of inclusion within social contexts characterized by barriers to access integration within mainstream society. It is argued that in consideration of the power relations that structure the “field,” researchers themselves become part of the struggle counterpoising individuals and institutions, and should thus make a choice among the clashing parties.

Originality/value

The paper draws on a vast body of literature that appears to go in the same direction. However, it radicalizes the instances proposed by previous authors and studies, and draws conclusions concerning the nature of the object and the ethics of research, that are opposed to the prevalent approaches to the subject.
Letter: the potential risk of HBV reactivation in patients with resolved HBV infection during direct‐acting antiviral therapy
Authors: Huang R. , Wang J. , Hao Y. , Yan X. , Wu C.
Published: September 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Mücke et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14259 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14177.
Letter: bleeding in cirrhotics receiving coronary stenting and antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Ponzetto A. , Figura N.
Published: September 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Feagins and Krill et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14258 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14121.
Editorial: diagnosing bile acid diarrhoea with blood tests
Authors: Walters J. R. F.
Published: September 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Vijayvargiya et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14214.
Identification of sialyl oligosaccharides including an oligosaccharide nucleotide in colostrum of an addax (Addax nasomaculatus) (Subfamily Antelopinae)
Authors: Ganzorig Khuukhenbaatar , Asakawa Takuya , Sasaki Masashi , Saito Tadao , Suzuki Isao , Fukuda Kenji , Urashima Tadasu
Published: September 2017

Mammalian milk/colostrum usually contains milk oligosaccharides along with the predominant lactose. Although milk oligosaccharides of a variety of Bovidae species including cow, sheep and goat have been characterized, those of the addax, an Antelopinae species of the Bovidae, have not as yet been clarified. In this study, several sialyl oligosaccharides were purified from a sample of addax colostrum and characterized as follows: Neu5Ac(α2‐8)Neu5Ac(α2‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc, Neu5Gc(α2‐8)Neu5Gc(α2‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc, Neu5Ac(α2‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc, Neu5Ac(α2‐6)Gal(β1‐4)GlcNAc, Neu5Gc(α2‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc, Neu5Gc(α2‐6)Gal(β1‐4)Glc, Neu5Gc(α2‐6)Gal(β1‐4)GlcNAc. In addition, an oligosaccharide nucleotide Neu5Gc(α2‐6)Gal(β1‐4)GlcNAcα1‐UDP was characterized. Molecular species of a variety of sialyl oligosaccharides found in milk and colostrum of these Bovidae were compared.
Exploratory and descriptive study on nutritional characteristics and quality of eggs from Chilean partridge (Nothoprocta perdicaria)
Authors: Arias José Luis , Matthei Alberto , Valenzuela Carolina
Published: September 2017

This work aims to contribute more information on tinamou eggs by performing an exploratory and descriptive study of some of their nutritional and quality characteristics. The chemical composition of tinamou egg showed a high protein content in white (85% dry basis) and high lipid concentration in yolk (52% db). The iron (Fe) content in white was higher than hen egg (0.47 mg/100 g) and this could be associated with the observed pinkish color of the white. As in the hen egg, the major fatty acids in tinamou yolk were: oleic (39%), linoleic (23%) and palmitic (20%). The cholesterol content of tinamou was 21.2 mg/g of yolk, and 100 g of whole egg provides 589 mg of cholesterol. As in the hen egg, tinamou egg white showed high levels of lysine, sulfur‐containing amino acids, threonine and valine with respect to the recommended allowance for an adult man. All essential amino acids with the exception of histidine cover the adult requirements. The shell inorganic composition of these eggs is calcium carbonate and the morphology was similar to other avian eggs. Tinamou egg is small and elongated, with a dark brown color. The eggshell is thinner and experiences more deformation but less breaking strength than hen eggshell.
Drug–drug interaction potential in men treated with enzalutamide: Mind the gap
Authors: Benoist Guillemette Emma , van Oort Inge M. , Smeenk Stella , Javad Adrian , Somford Diederik M. , Burger David M. , Mehra Niven , van Erp Nielka P.
Published: September 2017

Aims

Metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients are generally older patients with several co‐morbidities and are therefore at increased risk of complications due to drug–drug interactions (DDIs). We assessed the prevalence of potential DDIs in a cohort of mCRPC patients treated with enzalutamide.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of pharmacy records to retrieve individual drug histories of mCRPC patients who started enzalutamide therapy in a tertiary care setting. Potential DDIs were analysed using two international drug interaction compendia: Lexicomp® and Micromedex®, and the Dutch drug database. Two potential pharmacodynamic DDIs were analysed.

Results

A total of 105 records were evaluated for potential DDIs with enzalutamide. Of 205 different co‐medications, 56 were flagged by at least one of the three compendia: Lexicomp, Micromedex and the Dutch drug database flagged for potential DDIs in 85%, 54% and 32%, respectively. Eighty‐five per cent of DDIs were classified as major. The median number of co‐medications per patient was 11 (range 1–26). The median (range) number of interactions per patient was 4 (0–10), 1 (0–5) and 0 (0–2) for Lexicomp, Micromedex and the Dutch drug database, respectively. In 23% and 45% of all patients, a potential DDI was found with PPIs and CNS depressants, respectively.

Conclusions

A high prevalence of potential DDIs was found. The inclusion and grading of potential DDIs was highly variable between the three drug interaction compendia. Physicians, nurses and pharmacists should be aware of this potential problem, which might require intensive monitoring or alternative treatment strategies to prevent suboptimal treatment of the co‐morbidities in patients treated with enzalutamide.
Temporal resolutions in species distribution models of highly mobile marine animals: Recommendations for ecologists and managers
Authors: Mannocci Laura , Boustany Andre M. , Roberts Jason J. , Palacios Daniel M. , Dunn Daniel C. , Halpin Patrick N. , Viehman Shay , Moxley Jerry , Cleary Jesse , Bailey Helen , Bograd Steven J. , Becker Elizabeth A. , Gardner Beth , Hartog Jason R. , Hazen Elliott L. , Ferguson Megan C. , Forney Karin A. , Kinlan Brian P. , Oliver Matthew J. , Perretti Charles T. , Ridoux Vincent , Teo Steven L. H. , Winship Arliss J.
Published: September 2017

While ecologists have long recognized the influence of spatial resolution on species distribution models (SDMs), they have given relatively little attention to the influence of temporal resolution. Considering temporal resolutions is critical in distribution modelling of highly mobile marine animals, as they interact with dynamic oceanographic processes that vary at time‐scales from seconds to decades. We guide ecologists in selecting temporal resolutions that best match ecological questions and ecosystems, and managers in applying these models. We group the temporal resolutions of environmental variables used in SDMs into three classes: instantaneous, contemporaneous and climatological. We posit that animal associations with fine‐scale and ephemeral features are best modelled with instantaneous covariates. Associations with large scale and persistent oceanographic features are best modelled with climatological covariates. Associations with mesoscale features are best modelled with instantaneous or contemporaneous covariates if ephemeral processes are present or interannual variability occurs, and climatological covariates if seasonal processes dominate and interannual variability is weak.
Model‐based mapping of assemblages for ecology and conservation management: A case study of demersal fish on the Kerguelen Plateau
Authors: Hill Nicole A. , Foster Scott D. , Duhamel Guy , Welsford Dirk , Koubbi Philippe , Johnson Craig R.
Published: September 2017

Aim

Quantifying biological assemblages and their environment is a fundamental, yet statistically challenging task in conservation ecology. Here, we use a recently developed approach called Regions of Common Profile (RCP) to quantify and map the distribution of demersal fish assemblages in an ecologically significant region of the Southern Ocean to (1) gain ecological and management insights and (2) evaluate the utility of the new method for ecoregionalization.

Location

Northern Kerguelen Plateau, Subantarctic Islands, Southern Ocean.

Methods

The RCP approach is a multispecies, model‐based approach that can overcome many limitations of traditional distance‐based approaches. It simultaneously groups sites with a similar composition of species and describes the patterns of variation in assemblages using environmental data, allowing the prediction of assemblages across the study region. We apply RCP to a unique dataset of demersal fish occurrences across the northern Kerguelen Plateau to model and map the distribution of assemblages and examine the representativeness of the Heard Island and McDonald Island marine reserve.

Results

We demonstrate that the RCP approach allows a direct and quantitative interpretation of the composition of assemblages as well as their environment. Further, the model reasonably predicts the occurrence of individual species across the plateau as well as the species composition of sites. We distinguish and map seven assemblages defined by depth, surface temperature and chlorophyll a. Shallow‐water assemblages contain a high proportion of endemic species, while deep‐water assemblages contain more cosmopolitan species. With the exception of one deep‐water assemblage, assemblages were well represented within the current Heard and McDonald Islands marine reserve.

Main conclusions

The RCP is a valuable tool for classifying biological regions with a range of ecological and conservation management applications. Our results extend current ecological and biogeographic knowledge for the northern Kerguelen Plateau, and maps of the distribution of assemblages will be useful for ongoing spatial management.
Soil ecotoxicity of seven endocrine‐disrupting chemicals: a review
Authors: Kwak J. I. , Moon J. , Kim D. , An Y.‐J.
Published: September 2017

Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widely used in manufacturing, and they enter the soil by direct and indirect pathways. Thus, there are concerns about their potential effects on soil ecosystems and some studies have monitored EDCs in the soil environment. However, there have been few studies on soil ecotoxicity of EDCs so far compared with aquatic ecotoxicity, and there is no comprehensive review of soil ecotoxicity of EDCs. Therefore, we collected, compiled and reviewed 77 studies on the soil ecotoxicity of seven prominent EDCs: bisphenol A, di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), nonylphenols, triclosan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS). This review brings together the data on soil ecotoxicity and research trends for these seven EDCs and identifies the need for further research to fill the gaps in our knowledge and data.

Highlights

Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) pose potential threats to soil ecosystems.

Seventy‐seven studies on the soil ecotoxicity of seven EDCs were reviewed.

There are fewer studies on soil ecotoxicity than on aquatic ecotoxicity.

Further research including various environmentally relevant concentrations of EDCs is needed.