bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cattle dry manure fertilization increases forage yield of grass‐legume mixtures, while maintaining the legume proportion and root‐associated microbiota
Authors: Oyharçabal Estefanía , Covacevich Fernanda , Bain Ingrid , Acuña Claudina Soledad , Berone Germán Darío
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to find ways to improve the forage yield of grass‐legume mixtures without compromising soil biodiversity. In Argentinean Patagonia, the effects of applying cattle dry manure (M) and urea (U) (0, 60, 120, or 240 kg N ha−1 year−1) were assessed on herbage production of irrigated fescue‐lotus mixtures, as well as on the activity/abundance of autochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and N‐fixing rhizobium bacteria. We hypothesised that manure has advantages over urea in increasing forage yields while maintaining the proportion of legumes and root‐associated microbiota. The 120 U, 240 U, and 240 M resulted in the greatest forage production; however, yield varied depending on the source applied. The high productivity of the 120 U and 240 U was probably due to the fast grass growth immediately after fertilization, which resulted in a depressed growth of the legume. The high yield of the swards fertilized with 240 M was probably due to slight and delayed growth of grass without legume yield decline. The highest radiation interception was found in swards with a low legume proportion, suggesting a light competition from grass fertilized with the highest urea doses, which were also consistent with the highest N and P nutritional status. The microbial activity/abundance were not affected by fertilization, but the final number of nodules was positively associated with the legume proportion. In conclusion, manure fertilization increased forage yield of the mixtures, while preserving the legume proportion and the root‐associated microbiota. Our findings aid in reducing synthetic‐N fertilizers applied in pasture‐based livestock systems.
Investigating low rates of compliance to graduated compression therapy for chronic venous insufficiency: A systematic review
Authors: Stevenson Elise M. , Coda Andrea , Bourke Michael D. J.
Published: March 2024

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a chronic lower limb progressive disorder with significant burden. Graduated compression therapy is the gold‐standard treatment, but its underutilisation, as indicated in recent literature, may be contributing to the growing burden of CVI. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the reasons for poor compliance in patients who are prescribed graduated compression therapy in the management of chronic venous insufficiency. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify the reasons for non‐compliance in wearing graduated compression therapy in the management of chronic venous insufficiency. The keyword search was conducted through Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane library, AMED, and Embase databases from 2000 to April 2023. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included with no study design or language limits imposed on the search. The study populations were restricted to adults aged over 18 years, diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency. Of the 856 studies found, 80 full‐text articles were reviewed, with 14 being eligible for the review. Due to the variability in study designs, the results were summarised rather than subjected to meta‐analysis. There are five main overarching themes for non‐compliance, which are physical limitations, health literacy, discomfort, financial issues, and psychosocial issues with emerging sub‐themes. Graduated compression therapy has the potential to reduce the burden of chronic venous insufficiency if patients are more compliant with their prescription.
A mixed‐method systematic review of the perspectives of young people, carers and professionals on psychiatric diagnosis in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Gill Jodie , Jones Alexis , Price Klara , Goodison Egan , Tyson Philip
Published: March 2024

Problem

The significance and complexities of a psychiatric diagnosis have been well‐documented in existing literature. Despite the reliability and accuracy of such diagnoses, the impact and use of diagnostic labelling on young people remains unclear.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using six databases, identifying 13 studies that explored psychiatric diagnosis experiences in professionals, caregivers, and young people.

Findings

This review focuses on three main themes related to psychiatric diagnosis in young people. The first theme is diagnostic subjectivity, which explores the accuracy, usefulness, potential harm and alternatives (e.g. psychological formulation) to psychiatric diagnosis in this population. The second theme is the utility of psychiatric diagnosis, which considers whether it helps young people access appropriate support and gain a better understanding of themselves and their presenting issues. The third theme is stigma, which examines the negative experiences and discrimination that young people may face due to their psychiatric diagnosis.

Conclusions

There is relatively limited literature which discusses the experience of psychiatric diagnosis in young people, caregivers and professionals. The available literature is difficult to compare due to discrepancies between methodologies and services, and there are several gaps i.e. a limited focus on the experience of young people themselves. Different views and experiences of psychiatric diagnosis among professionals, caregivers, and young people could impact young people's quality of life, access to healthcare, and identity development. The current literature needs to be more comprehensive to draw firm conclusions about young people's experiences with psychiatric diagnosis.
Determinants of the Credit Cycle: A Flow Analysis of the Extensive Margin
Authors: CUCINIELLO VINCENZO , IASIO NICOLA DI
Published: March 2024

Examining two decades of loan‐level data on Italian bank loans to households and businesses, we find that credit fluctuations primarily result from changes in the number of borrowers (extensive margin). Employing a flow approach, we decompose the extensive margin into inflows and outflows, revealing that borrower inflows significantly contribute to total borrower volatility. Moreover, borrower inflows exhibit greater volatility than outflows, are procyclical, and lead the business cycle. Utilizing a shift‐and‐share instrument derived from sectoral borrower inflows, our findings reveal that local markets experiencing increased credit demand exhibit a loosening of lending standards and a rise in bad loans. This sheds light on the intricate relationship between credit demand and financial instability at the local level.
Early experience with the new DORA daridorexant in patients with insomnia disorder and comorbid mental disturbances: Results of a naturalistic study with 3 months follow‐up
Authors: Palagini Laura , Alfi Gaspare , Gurrieri Riccardo , Annuzzi Eric , Caruso Valerio , Gambini Matteo , Grenno Giovanna , Trivella Marco , Presta Silvio , Miniati Mario , Pini Stefano , Perugi Giulio , Gemignani Angelo
Published: March 2024

Insomnia disorder may affect mental health, increasing suicidal risk. Targeting insomnia is crucial in the clinical practice. Sixty‐six consecutive patients with insomnia disorder according with the DSM‐5‐TR criteria were treated with the dual orexin receptor antagonist, daridorexant 50 mg. Baseline (T0), 1 month (T1) and 3 month (T2) evaluations were performed. Insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index), mood, anxiety symptoms and suicidal risk (Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Young Mania Rating Scale, Self‐Reported Anxiety Scale, Suicidal Ideation Scale), dysfunctional insomnia‐cognitive factors and pre‐sleep arousal (Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep, Pre‐Sleep Arousal Scale) were evaluated. The final sample included 66 patients (n = 36, 54% females, mean age 60 ± 13.6 years). Most of them, 64%, suffered from insomnia disorder comorbid with unipolar/bipolar depression, anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. Repeated ANOVA analyses showed that Insomnia Severity Index, Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep and Pre‐Sleep Arousal Scale total score decreased across time (F = 68.818, p < 0.001; F = 47.561, p < 0.001; F = 28.142, p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Self‐Reported Anxiety Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Suicidal Ideation Scale significantly decreased over time (p < 0.001). Predictors of insomnia remission (Insomnia Severity Index < 8) at T1 were improvement of Insomnia Severity Index at T1 (F = 60.205, p < 0.001), and improvement of Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep at T1 (F = 4.432, p = 0.041). Insomnia remission at T2 was best predicted by improvement of Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep at T2 (F = 3.993, p = 0.023). Multiple‐regression models showed that clinical improvement of Beck Depression Inventory‐II was best predicted by improvement in Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep at T1 and T2, manic symptoms by Insomnia Severity Index at T2, anxiety symptoms by Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep, Insomnia Severity Index and somatic Pre‐Sleep Arousal Scale at T1 and T2. With the caution of a naturalistic design, early experience with daridorexant showed that by targeting insomnia it may be possible to improve not only insomnia symptoms but also comorbid symptoms.
Put–Call Parities, absence of arbitrage opportunities, and nonlinear pricing rules
Authors: Bastianello Lorenzo , Chateauneuf Alain , Cornet Bernard
Published: March 2024

When prices of assets traded in a financial market are determined by nonlinear pricing rules, different parities between call and put options have been considered. We show that, under monotonicity, parities between call and put options and discount certificates characterize ambiguity‐sensitive (Choquet and/or Šipoš) pricing rules, that is, pricing rules that can be represented via discounted expectations with respect to non‐additive probability measures. We analyze how nonadditivity relates to arbitrage opportunities and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for Choquet and Šipoš pricing rules to be arbitrage free. Finally, we identify violations of the Call‐Put Parity with the presence of bid–ask spreads.
Dynamics on a submanifold: intermediate formalism versus Hamiltonian reduction of Dirac bracket, and integrability
Authors: Deriglazov Alexei A.
Published: March 2024

We consider the Lagrangian dynamical system forced to move on a submanifold $$G_\alpha (q^A)=0$$

G
α

(

q
A

)

=
0

. If for some reason we are interested in knowing the dynamics of all original variables $$q^A(t)$$

q
A

(
t
)

, the most economical would be a Hamiltonian formulation on the intermediate phase-space submanifold spanned by reducible variables $$q^A$$

q
A

and an irreducible set of momenta $$p_i$$

p
i

, $$[i]=[A]-[\alpha ]$$

[
i
]
=
[
A
]
-
[
α
]

. We describe and compare two different possibilities for establishing the Poisson structure and Hamiltonian dynamics on an intermediate submanifold: Hamiltonian reduction of the Dirac bracket and intermediate formalism. As an example of the application of intermediate formalism, we deduce on this basis the Euler–Poisson equations of a spinning body, establish the underlying Poisson structure, and write their general solution in terms of the exponential of the Hamiltonian vector field.
Quantum drones and the future of military warfare
Authors: Sutikno Tole
Published: March 2024

The advent of drones has significantly impacted military warfare, providing improved reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA), cost savings, increased convenience, safety, and flexibility. A layered network control architecture, known as the internet of drones (IoD), coordinates drone access to controlled airspace and offers navigation services. Various systems, including wireless sensor networks (WSN) and drones directed to an expanded controlling zone, integrate with IoD to improve connection performance. This paper provides an overview of the IoD and the internet of quantum drones (IoQD), highlighting key issues and potential solutions in applications and deployment. The IoQD provides primary features such as secure message exchange, fast communication processes, the viability of creating and deploying private IoQD, and enabling a new field of application, quantum well (QW). In conclusion, the advent of drone technology has significantly improved various aspects of military operations, including reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition. The IoQD offers a promising solution for military networks, facilitating the safe and expedited transfer of data, ultimately benefiting the entire military network.
Succession of Generations of the Circassian Mamlūks (1496–1501)
Authors: Zelenev Evgeny I. , Iliushina Milana
Published: March 2024

The article focuses on the period of the Mamlūk transition of power in 1496–1501, which separates two historical eras: 1468–1496, the reign of al-Ashraf Qaytbay, which is associated with the political and cultural prosperity of the Circassian Sultanate, and 1501–1517, the reign of al-Ashraf Qanisawh al-Ghawri (r. 1501–1516), a much less successful ruler whose death ended the almost 270-year history of the independent Mamlūk Sultanate (1250–1517). The purpose of this article is to define the period of al-Ashraf Qanisawh al-Ghawri’s reign not as an exceptional phenomenon, but as a consequence of the preceding transitional period. During transitional periods, non-hereditary succession sometimes opened windows of opportunity for the Mamlūk elite to come to power. The authors aim to examine the period 1496–1501 from this perspective. The article is based on an analysis of the political competition between the Mamlūk factions (Ayalon 1975: 217–218; Levanoni 1994: 374–375; idem 2004; Conermann 2003: 22). The authors apply the generational theory of Strauss and Howe (1997) and consider the intergenerational conflict and succession of generations in the context of historical, describing it as a historical factor of primary importance.
Shiraz on the Adriatic
Authors: Pellò Stefano
Published: March 2024

This paper deals with three different but interconnected cases of placement, displacement and relocation of Persian literary culture in the Eastern Mediterranean sphere: the reception of a line by Ḥāfiẓ in 1920s Cairo, as represented in a novel by Najīb Maḥfūẓ; a Modern Greek adverb, φαρσί, expressing multilingual fluency and its probable Ottoman roots; a Veneto-Balkanic net of circulation of Persian textual and linguistic heritage, focusing especially on Mostar. As the intertwined case-studies touched upon in this essay clearly show, only deep philological excavations in little-studied local microhistories can properly unearth the still obscure early modern ecology of Persian “between the Adriatic and the Nile”. By taking a multilingual approach (in which Persian, Arabic, Turkish, Bosnian, Venetian and Italian are read as a cultural continuum), and looking at the ubiquity of the prestige of Persian against the background of a “significant geography” made of both physical and linguistic spaces we throw a new light—taking a step beyond the sometimes over-used notion of the “Persianate”—on the dynamics of inscriptions of Persian in the early modern Mediterranean and Southern European realities.
Iranian Lexical Material in the Caucasus
Authors: Gippert Jost
Published: March 2024

The paper examines a new etymology that has recently been proposed for Arm. gerezman and Caucasian “Albanian” garazman, both meaning ‘grave, tomb’, and the relationship of the latter to modern Udi gärämzä ‘id.’. It shows that the peculiar shape of the Udi word can only be explained on the basis of a morphological restructuring that involved the genitive suffix -in-. Concerning the proposed etymology of gerezman and garazman, which builds upon an Iranian (“Median”) phrase *gṛδa- zmani- ‘house of clay’, it refutes the hypothesis of a “mirroring effect” influencing vowels in the neighbourhood of r in Albanian and points out further problems in the assumed developments.
On the Etymology of the Avestan Personal Name pourušaspa-
Authors: Khanizadeh Mehrbod
Published: March 2024

This article discusses the formation and meaning of the Avestan personal name of Zarathuštra’s father, pourušaspa-. Taking side with the current scholarly view on the etymology and meaning of the word, i.e., *pourušāspa- → pourušaspa- ‘one who has grey horses’, it is argued here that the shortening of the vowel can be explained by an analogical model in Wištāsp Yašt 1.2, where pourušaspa- m. is described as pouru.aspa- ‘having many horses’. The article also challenges the view that Wištāsp Yašt 1.2 is a recent text.
An African in Rome
Authors: Dunn Geoffrey D.
Published: March 2024

At the end of the second century, Christianity in Rome existed as a federation of individual communities, despite the narrative provided in the fourth century by Eusebius. There was a multiplicity of leaders, of social backgrounds, of languages, of beliefs, and of practices among the Christians of Rome. How did the church of Rome maintain unity internally and externally in the presence of such diversity? By the end of the second century, with Victor, that forbearance came to a dramatic end. The best-known example is the Quartodeciman controversy over the dating of Easter. Other examples include his reaction to Monarchians, Montanists, and Valentinians. In itself, this is not evidence that Victor was attempting to act as sole bishop of Rome, but simply that he used the structures of the pluralist communities to push for greater theological conformity, which contributed to the centralisation of leadership in Rome. As a qualifier, it will be argued that he was not opposed to pluralism per se, but was opposed to it when he became aware of any particular threat divergence presented to Christian life and thought.
A Rifle and a Bag of Rice: Excluding Climate Disasters from the Scope of the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Huttunen Mari
Published: March 2024

The connection between climate change and atrocities has recently attracted scholarly attention. To illuminate the constraints of r2p as a response to climate-induced crises, I examine two debates on the applicability of r2p to natural disasters utilising Quentin Skinner’s ideas on intentions and the English School concepts of pluralism and solidarism. I propose an idea of r2p as a social contract of which the English School concepts provide competing readings and study the debates through this framework. I examine how pluralist and solidarist convictions were used in arguing for the same conception of the scope of r2p. Although it was broadly agreed that the concept did not apply to natural disasters, the statements given exposed a division of intentions: whereas solidarists sought to keep r2p alive, pluralists strived to safeguard sovereign rights. I argue that despite r2p’s narrow focus, the links between climate change and atrocities should not be ignored.
آليّات اليقظة في التأويل
Authors: بريسول أحمد
Published: March 2024

الملخص

‫طوَّر الذهن آليات يقظة تحمي الأفراد من الانخداع ومن المعلومات المضللة. فهي تشكل قالبًا يفحص موثوقية المرسل (المتكلم) ومصداقية المعلومات. ويمكن أن تشتمل آليات اليقظة أيضًا على مجموعة فرعية من الآليات المتخصصة تحمي المرسل إليه (السامع) من الأخطاء التأويلية التي تؤدي إلى إخفاقٍ في الفهم أو إلى سوء الفهم، وذلك بفحص معقولية الفرضيات التأويلية المناسبة ومقبوليتها على النحو الأمثل.‬

‫ونفترض أن الفهم والقَبول عمليتان تشتغلان في شكل من المعالجة المتوازية يشبه التكيّف المتبادل المتوازي بقالبين معرفيين مختلفين. وعلى الرغم من أن اليقظة المعرفية يمكن أن تزودنا بعملية موضعية أو حصرية لدمج الافتراضات المتعلقة بمعرفة المرسل (المتكلم)، فلا شيء يمكن أن يمنع عملية الفهم من الضلال إذا وقعت في مناسبة عرضية. ولتفادي هذا المشكل نتبنى مفهوم “الحيز الموسّع” لليقظة المعرفية فلا يقتصر الأمر على تقييمها من حيث مصداقية التأويل فحسب، ولكنها تُقَيِّم أيضًا مقبولية التأويل، ومن ثمّة تفاعلها مباشرة مع عملية الفهم. ونزعم أن اليقظة المعرفية ضرورية للتغلب على إخفاق الفهم أو تجنبه على المستوى الصريح والضمني للتواصل، فقد يصل المرسل إليه (السامع) إلى تأويلات خاطئة تبدو بشكل عرضي مناسبة، ويعتقد أنها كانت قصدية.‬
العبور اللّغويّ
Authors: غالي ناصر بن عبد اللّٰه بن
Published: March 2024

ملخّص

‫غدت الخطابات النّاتجة عن التّقارب العفويّ للّغات المختلفة لحظيّة وعابرة تتجاوز في حيويّتها مفهوم التّعدّديّة اللّغويّة فتجعله غير قادر على التقاط ديناميكيّات التّواصل البشريّ في أيّامنا هذه. وهذا ما خلق إشكاليّة التّعايش المزدوج بين لغات مختلفة وجعل المتخاطبين يتجاوزون استخدام اللّغات المسمّاة بشكل منفصل، إلى التّلاعب بالفضاء اللّغويّ لإبداع تجارب خطابيّة جديدة فريدة من نوعها تعتمد الذّخيرة اللّغويّة الكاملة الّتي بحوزتهم.‬

‫ونفترض أنّ مفهوم العبور اللّغويّ يمكن أن يكون عدسةً تحليليّةً تيسّر لنا فهم السّلوكيّات اللّغويّة للأشخاص متعدّدي اللّغات في الفضاءات متعدّدة اللّغات. ونهدف، في هذا البحث، إلى إظهار أهمّيّة مفهوم العبور اللّغويّ باعتباره إطارا تحليليّا للتّفاعل اللّغويّ الاجتماعيّ في عالم اليوم المتنوّع لغويًّا وثقافيًّا فنناقش الآثار النّظريّة لاعتماد مفهوم العبور اللّغويّ في تحليل الخطاب متعدّد اللّغات، ونفحص المفاهيم التّحليليّة المختلفة المرتبطة بالعبور اللّغويّ بما يساعد على فهم هذه الممارسات وخصائصها وقضاياها.‬
Uncovering what lies within: The first scientific account of cave-dwelling ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Philippines with the description of a new genus, new subgenus, and four new species from Mindanao
Authors: ANICHTCHENKO ALEXANDER , MEDINA MILTON
Published: March 2024

For the first time in the Philippines, cave surveys were carried out in search of cave beetles. In this paper we describe a new troglobite genus, Kweba gen. nov., with two new species K. magbabaya sp. nov. and K. diwata sp. nov. We describe a new subgenus: Trogloabacetus subgen. nov. of the genus Metabacetus Bates, 1892, with the addition of two new species, M. (T.) baltazarae sp. nov. and M. (T.) desideratus sp. nov. from various limestone caves of Mindanao Island. Anaulacus (s.str.) fasciatus (Schmidt-Goebel, 1846) is also reported from the cave habitats. A key to the new and related genera, images of habitus and genitalia, and distribution maps are provided.
Palposcydmus gen. n. from India, with a preliminary key to world genera of Stenichnini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: March 2024

Palposcydmus yelamalai, gen. et spec. n. is described, based on specimens collected in Kerala, India. The new species is one of the smallest known scydmaenines, with the body length reaching merely 0.53–0.59 mm. Although in dorsal aspect resembling Microscydmus Saulcy & Croissandeau, Palposcydmus clearly differs in the presence of hypostomal sutures demarcating a subrectangular submental region, and enormously enlarged maxillary palpomeres 3. The new genus shows also a unique antennal structure not known in any other Stenichnini: the antennomere 3 is inserted deeply into the apex of pedicel, so that there is no constriction between them. Keys to extant genera of Stenichnini are given, in order to facilitate identifications separately to Indian, Eurasian & New Guinean, and to world genera.
Machine learning to optimize automated RH genotyping using whole-exome sequencing data
Authors: Chang Ti-Cheng , Yu Jing , Wang Zhaoming , Hankins Jane S. , Weiss Mitchell J. , Wu Gang , Westhoff Connie M. , Chou Stella T. , Zheng Yan
Published: March 2024

Rh phenotype matching reduces but does not eliminate alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) due to RH genetic diversity that is not distinguishable by serological typing. RH genotype matching can potentially mitigate Rh alloimmunization but comprehensive and accessible genotyping methods are needed. We developed RHtyper as an automated algorithm to predict RH genotypes using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data with high accuracy. Here, we adapted RHtyper for whole-exome sequencing (WES) data, which are more affordable but challenged by uneven sequencing coverage and exacerbated sequencing read misalignment, resulting in uncertain predictions for (1) RHD zygosity and hybrid alleles, (2) RHCE∗C vs. RHCE∗c alleles, (3) RHD c.1136C>T zygosity, and (4) RHCE c.48G>C zygosity. We optimized RHtyper to accurately predict RHD and RHCE genotypes using WES data by leveraging machine learning models and improved the concordance of WES with WGS predictions from 90.8% to 97.2% for RHD and 96.3% to 98.2% for RHCE among 396 patients in the Sickle Cell Clinical Research and Intervention Program. In a second validation cohort of 3030 cancer survivors (15.2% Black or African Americans) from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, the optimized RHtyper reached concordance rates between WES and WGS predications to 96.3% for RHD and 94.6% for RHCE. Machine learning improved the accuracy of RH predication using WES data. RHtyper has the potential, once implemented, to provide a precision medicine-based approach to facilitate RH genotype–matched transfusion and improve transfusion safety for patients with SCD. This study used data from clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT02098863 and NCT00760656.
Machine learning natural language processing for identifying venous thromboembolism: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lam Barbara D. , Chrysafi Pavlina , Chiasakul Thita , Khosla Harshit , Karagkouni Dimitra , McNichol Megan , Adamski Alys , Reyes Nimia , Abe Karon , Mantha Simon , Vlachos Ioannis S. , Zwicker Jeffrey I. , Patell Rushad
Published: March 2024

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality. Monitoring VTE cases is limited by the challenges of manual medical record review and diagnosis code interpretation. Natural language processing (NLP) can automate the process. Rule-based NLP methods are effective but time consuming. Machine learning (ML)-NLP methods present a promising solution. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published before May 2023 that use ML-NLP to identify VTE diagnoses in the electronic health records. Four reviewers screened all manuscripts, excluding studies that only used a rule-based method. A meta-analysis evaluated the pooled performance of each study’s best performing model that evaluated for pulmonary embolism and/or deep vein thrombosis. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) with confidence interval (CI) were calculated by DerSimonian and Laird method using a random-effects model. Study quality was assessed using an adapted TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis) tool. Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review and 8 had data available for meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity was 0.931 (95% CI, 0.881-0.962), specificity 0.984 (95% CI, 0.967-0.992), PPV 0.910 (95% CI, 0.865-0.941) and NPV 0.985 (95% CI, 0.977-0.990). All studies met at least 13 of the 21 NLP-modified TRIPOD items, demonstrating fair quality. The highest performing models used vectorization rather than bag-of-words and deep-learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks. There was significant heterogeneity in the studies, and only 4 validated their model on an external data set. Further standardization of ML studies can help progress this novel technology toward real-world implementation.
Fanconi anemia neuroinflammatory syndrome: brain lesions and neurologic injury in Fanconi anemia
Authors: Bartlett Allison L. , Wagner John E. , Jones Blaise , Wells Susanne , Sabulski Anthony , Fuller Christine , Davies Stella M.
Published: March 2024

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by chromosomal instability and defective DNA repair, causing sensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinking agents. Our understanding of the full adult phenotype of the disease continues to evolve, because most patients with FA died of marrow failure in the first decade of life before more recent advances in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Herein, we report a previously undescribed, clinically concerning, progressive neurologic syndrome in patients with FA. Nine nonimmunosuppressed pediatric patients and young adults with FA presented with acute and chronic neurological signs and symptoms associated with distinct neuroradiological findings. Symptoms included, but were not limited to, limb weakness, papilledema, gait abnormalities, headaches, dysphagia, visual changes, and seizures. Brain imaging demonstrated a characteristic radiographic appearance of numerous cerebral and cerebellar lesions with associated calcifications and often a dominant ring-enhancing lesion. Tissue from the dominant brain lesions in 4 patients showed nonspecific atypical glial proliferation, and a small number of polyomavirus-infected microglial cells were identified by immunohistochemistry in 2 patients. Numerous interventions were pursued across this cohort, in general with no improvement. Overall, these patients demonstrated significant progressive neurologic decline. This cohort highlights the importance of recognizing FA neuroinflammatory syndrome, which is distinct from malignancy, and warrants careful ongoing evaluation by clinicians.
Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of contracting and dying in infection and sepsis: a Swedish population-based cohort study
Authors: Stattin Karl , Eriksson Mikael , Frithiof Robert , Kawati Rafael , Hultström Michael , Lipcsey Miklos
Published: March 2024

Background

Sepsis is a condition where the immune response to infection becomes dysregulated and life-threatening. It is not known whether lifestyle factors influence the risk of sepsis. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between physical activity and the risk of acquiring and dying in infection or sepsis.

Methods

The population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort and Cohort of Swedish Men sent participants lifestyle questionnaires in 1997 and have subsequently followed participants in national Swedish registers, including the National Patient Register, the Swedish Intensive Care Registry and the Cause of Death Register. The risk of contracting infection and sepsis, the risk of intensive care unit admission and the risk of death were estimated using multivariable Cox regression.

Results

Among 64,850 cohort participants, 26,124 individuals suffered at least one episode of infection or sepsis and 4708 individuals died of infection or sepsis during the study period. In adjusted analyses, compared to exercising less than one hour per week, stated exercise one hour per week was associated with lower risk of contracting infection or sepsis, hazard ratio (HR) 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–0.97), and lower risk of dying in infection or sepsis, HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.80–0.96). Further exercise was associated with even lower risk, and similar patterns were observed for walking. The population-attributable risks of contracting and dying in infection or sepsis for not exercising were 2.6% and 4.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

Exercise and walking demonstrate inverse dose–response associations with both the risk of contracting and dying in infection and sepsis, presenting possible preventative interventions for this critical condition.
Effects of soil on the development, survival, and oviposition of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes
Authors: Pautzke Kellen C. , Felsot Allan S. , Reganold John P. , Owen Jeb P.
Published: March 2024

Background

Water quality is known to influence the development and survival of larval mosquitoes, which affects mosquito-borne pathogen transmission as a function of the number of mosquitoes that reach adulthood and blood feed. Although water properties are known to affect mosquito development, few studies have investigated the link among soil properties, water quality, and mosquito development. Given the large number of ground-breeding mosquito species, this linkage is a potentially important factor to consider in mosquito ecology. In this study, we explored the effects of different soils on multiple life history parameters of the ground-breeding mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Methods

Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were reared in water combined with different soil substrates (sandy, silt, or clay loam textures) at increasing soil to water volume ratios, with and without the addition of organic matter (fish food). Gravid mosquitoes were offered different soil–water extracts to investigate soil effects on oviposition preference.

Results

Without the addition of organic matter, larval survival and development differed significantly among waters with different soil textures and volumes of substrate. Mosquitoes in water with clay loam soil survived longer and developed further than mosquitoes in other soil waters. Larvae survived for longer periods of time with increased volumes of soil substrate. Adding organic matter reduced the differences in larval survival time, development, and pupation among soil–water extracts. Adult female mosquitoes oviposited more frequently in water with clay loam soil, but the addition of organic matter reduced the soil effects on oviposition preference.

Conclusions

This study suggests soil composition affects larval mosquito survival and development, as well as the oviposition preference of gravid females. Future studies could differentiate abiotic and biotic soil features that affect mosquitoes and incorporate soil variation at the landscape scale into models to predict mosquito population dynamics and mosquito-borne pathogen transmission.

Graphical Abstract
NBS superfood: a promising adjunctive therapy in critically ill ICU patients with omicron variant of COVID-19
Authors: Mosadegh Mehrdad , Khalkhali Aref , Erfani Yousef , Nezamdoost Manije , Hashemi Seyyed Hamid , Azizi Jalilian Farid , Ansari Nastaran , Mahmoudvand Shahab , Mamani Mojgan , Abdoli Elham , Amini Razieh , Kalvandi Gholamreza
Published: March 2024

This clinical trial aimed to assess the impact of Nutrition Bio-shield superfood (NBS) on clinical status among critically ill ICU patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to the Omicron variant of COVID-19. A total of 400 patients with confirmed Omicron-related ARDS were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 200) or the control group (n = 200). Patients in the intervention group received 1.5 g of NBS powder daily for 2 weeks in addition to standard antiviral treatment, while the control group received a placebo alongside standard antiviral therapy. Serum samples were collected from all patients in both groups, and various clinical and laboratory parameters, including ESR, CRP, D-Dimer, CPK, WBC count, lymphocyte count, and lymphocyte percentage, were measured using established methodologies. Following a 14-day intervention period, the intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in mean serum levels of CRP (15.39 vs. 48.49; P < 0.001), ESR (14.28 vs. 34.03; P < 0.001), D-Dimer (485.18 vs. 1009.13; P = 0.001), and CPK (68.93 vs. 131.48; P < 0.001) compared to the control group. Conversely, a significant increase was observed in the mean serum levels of lymphocytes (1537.06 vs. 1152.60; P < 0.001) in the intervention group after 14 days of treatment compared to the control group. The remarkable reduction in inflammatory markers and mortality rates observed with NBS supplementation alongside standard antiviral treatment underscores its crucial role in mitigating inflammation and achieving an important milestone in the fight against COVID-19.
The role of cardiac imaging in assessing the cardiac involvement of type 1 Gaucher disease: a case report with review of literature
Authors: Addou Ahmed Youssouf , El Mire Wafa , Doghmi Nawal , Benyass Aatif
Published: March 2024

Background

Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disease that leads to the accumulation of glucocerebroside within reticuloendothelial cells, haematological, neurological, skeletal and abdominal organs. These clinical manifestations are common to all types of GD, but categorization depends on the absence of neurological involvement (type I) or its presence (type II and III). Cardiac involvement is rare and only reported in few cases, where valvular and aortic calcifications were associated with type IIIc. Other cardiac manifestations, such as constrictive pericarditis, pulmonary hypertension, myocardial infiltration, and restrictive cardiomyopathy, had also been reported.

Case presentation

We report a case of a 72-year-old patient with known type 1 GD who presented with a sudden syncope during exercise. He reported also an exercise intolerance evolving for three months. Echocardiography found concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with segmental hypokinesis, bi-atrial enlargement, and mildly reduced ejection fraction. Mitral flow was in favour of grade II diastolic dysfunction with elevated filling pressure. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) showed interstitial fibrosis in the basal infero-septal wall, probably due to the myocardial infiltration of GD. Due to the lack of echocardiographic and CMR hallmarks of cardiac GD, we conducted a literature review on similar findings.

Conclusion

This case illustrates the importance of non-invasive cardiac imaging in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of cardiac manifestations of GD.
IMPLEMENTATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY INTO THE ENTERPRISE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
Authors: Zakirova Alsu , Khoruzhy Valery
Published: March 2024

With the development of the digital economy, all areas of activity are undergoing transformational changes, and accounting is no exception. The integration of digital technologies has revolutionized traditional accounting practices, opening up unprecedented opportunities to improve efficiency, accuracy and strategic decision-making. Currently, there are a sufficient number of online services that allow you to maintain accounting records. One of the most promising and most adaptive is blockchain technology. An unprecedented level of transparency, a high level of security for financial transactions, automatic updating and the ability to integrate into a control system characterize blockchain technology as one of the most reliable and recommended for implementation in the accounting services of economic entities. The blockchain technology adoption process includes training and understanding, conducting a needs assessment, selecting the right blockchain platform, developing a proof of concept, establishing clear governance and standards, integrating with existing systems, pilot implementation, full-scale implementation and training, and continuous monitoring. and optimization. Each stage includes a set of interrelated activities that allow the implementation of blockchain technology. As a result of the stage-by-stage implementation of all the proposed measures, an effective accounting system is formed at the enterprise, accounting practices are optimized, operational information is provided to interested users in a timely manner for making strategic decisions, the integrity and accuracy of financial reporting is ensured, access to real-time data is facilitated, a more flexible and informed business environment, enterprise capabilities are expanded by increasing transparency, security and efficiency of financial transactions.
METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SOCIAL STATE OF RUSSIA
Authors: Kovalenko Elena , Semicheva Ol'ga
Published: March 2024

The Constitution of the Russian Federation states (Article 7) that the country is a social state, the main goal of which is to create conditions for ensuring a decent life and free development of people. The formation of a social state is a long process and Russia is only at the beginning, gradually forming its fundamental elements, the most important of which are the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, a highly developed socially oriented economy, social partnership and social responsibility, social justice, social democracy. The social functions of the state ensure the quality of life and represent, in fact, all spheres of society’s life, therefore assessing the level of effectiveness of the social state is very important, but difficult due to its polycriteria and multi-level nature. In the context of multidimensional life support of the population, it is necessary to assess social and economic inequality in many parameters (financial situation, labor activity, housing conditions, life safety, public health, education, culture, transport infrastructure, information and communication resources, living potential of the population) as separate territories countries and social groups. Empirical research has revealed deep differentiation in the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and their inequality in the performance of social functions of the state, including the livelihoods of the rural population. To develop government management decisions in order to ensure social justice, a methodological toolkit for multidimensional assessment of the effectiveness of the social state is proposed, based on a systematic approach taking into account the contribution of administrative-territorial entities, which allows us to identify problem areas that require priority attention, identify strategic goals and measures to achieve them.
MAIN TRENDS OF REGIONAL AGRICULTURE GROWTH: FROM VOLUME TO SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Mukhametgaliev Farit , Valiev Ayrat , Sitdikova Landysh , Avhadiev Fayaz , Mikhaylova Valerikovna
Published: March 2024

The strategic task until 2030 for the agro-economic systems of the country and its regions is to increase the average annual growth rate of volumetric indicators of agricultural production to 3%, which is twice as high as the achieved value. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to develop and implement effective mechanisms to smooth out the abrupt growth of production volumes and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural sectors. The development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan shows positive trends in the growth of volumetric indicators of production over the past five years. The volume of gross agricultural output in the region increased with an annual growth rate of 21.62 billion rubles. At the same time, the volume of production growth in the crop and livestock sectors amounted to 11.11 and 10.49 billion rubles, respectively, which demonstrates the uniform development of the two main industries. The growth in volumetric indicators of product production is mainly due to the intensification of production processes, the introduction and development of innovative technologies. Along with this, abnormal weather conditions have a negative impact on the process of sustainable development of agriculture, as evidenced by the results of 2021, when the total production volume was only 80.1% of the previous year’s level, and crop production decreased by 38.7%. The identified trend once again emphasizes the need to search for adaptive methods of farming in accordance with climate change by moving at a more intensive pace to the creation of drought-resistant varieties, the development of moisture-saving technologies and the active implementation of reclamation measures. Livestock farming is developing at a more sustainable pace, although there is a decline in the numbers of certain animal species. However, this process does not affect production volumes due to increased animal productivity. The industry is in the process of gradually replacing low-productive animals with highly productive breeding stock. To transition to sustainable development of agriculture in the republic, it is necessary to continue work on adapting technological processes to climate change, creating and introducing new varieties, developing genetic technologies for animal breeding, using digitalization and robotization of the industry.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITALIZATION IN RURAL TERRITORIES IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD AND ITS IMPACT ON THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY
Authors: Sadyrtdinov Ruslan , Nizamutdinov Marat
Published: March 2024

The coronavirus pandemic continues to pose serious challenges to agricultural production since 2020. Restrictions on trade in agricultural products affect marketing opportunities and the availability of operational resources. Seasonal labor is becoming scarce, and new consumption patterns and hygiene requirements pose new challenges for the industry. Restrictions imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic have led to an unprecedented market situation. In this work, to study the digital divide between rural and urban areas, the profile indicators of rural residents of the Russian Federation who did not have access to the Internet in 2019-2021 were analyzed. The research substantiated the service components of the digital potential of rural areas, which together will allow the development of information and communication technologies in rural areas and agricultural organizations, the skills of people who are participants in the digital transformation of processes in all spheres of rural life. Such service components include: 1) information and communication technologies and infrastructure; 2) digital management of business processes in an agricultural organization; 3) electronic digital business; 4) digital competence and literacy of rural residents and employees of agricultural organizations to assess the possibility of digital interaction with each other. A detailed analysis of trends in the digital gap in the use of the Internet through the construction of logit models made it possible to confirm the results obtained that in the absence of completed secondary education and work, the risk of a rural resident becoming one of those who do not use the Internet, that is, being in “digital isolation”, increases, and more significantly compared to other characteristics considered.
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL STABILITY OF ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Haustova Galina , Zaporozhceva Lyudmila , Chirkova Mariya , Shamrina Irina
Published: March 2024

When assessing the financial condition of organizations in general and their financial stability, in particular, a variety of individual indicators is used, which complicates the analysis process and makes it difficult to develop reliable recommendations for the rational use of financial resources. In the presented study, to eliminate these shortcomings, we recommend conducting an integral assessment of the financial stability of organizations, which will be based on the parameters obtained as a result of the analysis of the main components of the financial condition of a business entity. The study substantiates a system of indicators (coefficients of autonomy, provision of inventories with own funds, provision with own funds, ratio of borrowed and own funds, absolute liquidity, mobility of property, financial stability), used for an integral assessment of the financial stability of organizations. Determining the significance of these indicators was carried out using the method of correlation and regression analysis, carried out on the basis of data from a homogeneous set of related production enterprises in the Voronezh region. The integral indicator of financial stability was tested, rather wide limits for the integral indicator were identified and it was determined that the largest number of enterprises under study (57.9%) belong to the middle group in terms of financial stability. The proposed algorithm for calculating the integral indicator of financial stability will not only make it possible to timely and objectively assess the financial stability of an economic entity, identify emerging threats of a drop in efficiency and a slowdown in the pace of economic development, but will also provide greater objectivity in assessing the financial and economic activities of organizations and can be used in the basis for developing strategic plans for the development of the enterprise and optimizing the structure of financial resources.