bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunization with Embryonic Stem Cells/Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Induces Effective Immunity against Ovarian Tumor-Initiating Cells in Mice
Authors: Yu Fengsheng , Zhang Zujuan , Chang Xiaohong , Ye Xue , Cheng Hongyan , Li Yi , Cui Heng
Published: November 2023

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) express pluripotent markers and share many features with normal pluripotent stem cells. It is possible that immunity induced by embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells- (IPSCs-) based vaccines may selectively target CSCs. In our study, cells expressing the pluripotent marker CD133 in the murine ovarian cancer cell-line ID8 were isolated and identified as CSCs. We investigated the preventive efficacy of ESCs and IPSCs-based vaccines against the development of ovarian cancer in vivo and evaluated the humoral and cellular immunities targeting CSCs in vitro. Our study showed that preimmunization with both mouse-derived embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells (mIPSCs) lysates, combined with an immunostimulatory adjuvant CpG, elicited strong humoral and cellular responses. These responses effectively suppressed the development of CSC-derived tumors. Immune sera collected from mESCs and mIPSCs-vaccinated mice contained antibodies that were capable of selectively targeting CSCs, resulting in the lysis of CSCs in the presence of complement. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes generated from splenocytes of mESCs and mIPSCs-vaccinated hosts could secrete interferon- (IFN-) γ in response to CSCs and kill CSCs in vitro. These findings indicate that vaccines based on mESCs and mIPSCs can elicit effective antitumor immunities. These immunities are related to the conferring of humoral and cellular responses that directly target CSCs.
Evaluating a Sustainable Intelligent Logistic System (ILS) Utilizing O-S Data and Holistic Managerial Models
Authors: Liu Hong , Rao Kamarajugadda Tulasi Vigneswara , Yogi Kottala Sri , Dhone Neelkanth
Published: November 2023

The intelligent logistic system (ILS) has benefited Industry 4.0. ILS assures clean, on-time manufacturing. Due to its unique architectures, qualities, and sensory aspects, the robot logistic system (RLS) is sought after as an ILS in Industry 4.0. In case of COVID-19, multiple nations routinely used RLS as ILS to cleanse areas, check patients, and monitor crowds on highways. Research documents (RDs) show that prior researchers attempted to build the static robot logistic system (RLS) performance mapping index; however, most indexes measured only anatomy performance of static RLS. Thus, few RDs are edited previously in the context of MRLS. It is sensed that few RDs examined MRLS-linked performance mapping indexes, including only regular subjective (S) or objective (O) designs, excluding mixed S-O architectures. Most RDs constantly execute the linguistic variables related to fuzzy, grey, rough, ambiguous, and intuitionistic sets/scales to tackle the uncertainty connected with MRLS designs. The authors prioritize those as RGs. The authors proposed (1) an MRLS performance mapping index with respect to technical, cost, and value O-S architectures for recruiting MRLS, (2) linear information to assign ratings in a range of min-max values choosing from 1 to 100% without executing the linguistic scale, and (3) Holistic Managerial Models (HMM-1 and HMM-2) to handle subjective ratings and significance, assigned by Ex against evaluated O-S architectures under linear scale (1–100%). To prove the concept, RLS performance mapping is shown. Only MRLS recruitment and selection are covered. The effort helps CIM, FMS, and WCMS create sustainable, cleaner operations and achieve future goals.
A critical inventory of the family Amaranthaceae s.str. in Saudi Arabia
Authors: HASSAN WALAA A. , AL-SHAYE NAJLA A. , IAMONICO DUILIO
Published: November 2023

The aims of the present study are to assess and update the floristic diversity of Amaranthaceae s.str. in Saudi Arabia. A total number of 33 taxa were indentified including 28 species, 4 subspecies, and 7 varieties. The richest genus is Amaranthus with 16 taxa (12 species); Aerva and Alternanthera have 3 species each; Achyranthes and Celosia 2 species each; 6 genera (Digera, Gomphrena, Nothosaerva, Psilotrichum, Pupalia, Saltia) include just one species each. Most of the taxa are native (18, 54.55%), 14 (42.42%) are aliens (6 casual taxa, 5 naturalized, and 1 invasive), one (Alternanthera sessilis) is here considered as doubtfully native, two (Amaranthus tricolor, Gomphrena globosa) are found only in cultivation. Two species (Amaranthus tortuosum, Pupalia lappacea var. lappacea) are excluded from the national flora. Diagnostic keys at genus, species, and infraspecific ranks are provided. The following names are lectotypified: Achyranthes argentea var. obovata (G; isolectotype at HBG), Achyranthes fruticosa var. pubescens (G), Achyranthes papposa (C; isolectotypes at C and BM), Achyranthes polystachya (BM), Aerva javanica var. bovei (FI), Achyranthes lanata (illustration by Burman), Digera arvensis (C; isolectotype at C), Psilostachys gnaphalobryum (TUB; isolectotypes at GOET, HBG, HEID, JE, MEL, MPU, P, and TUB), Telanthera bettzickiana (LE).
Sellaphora jiuzhaienis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae)—A new diatom species from Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China
Authors: SUN GENG , LEVKOV ZLATKO , XIAO WEIYANG , MORAJ NIKOLA , UDOVIČ MARIJA GLIGORA , DU JIE , CHEN QUNLONG , PLENKOVIĆ-MORAJ ANĐELKA
Published: November 2023

A new species Sellaphora jiuzhaienis sp. nov. was found in epilithic samples from Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China. The species is described herein as new to science based on light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ecological information is provided. The species has linear to linear-elliptic valves, 17.5–33.5 μm long and 7.0–8.5 μm wide and very broad conopeum that occupies almost half of the valve width. The discovery of a new diatom species confirms the importance of Jiuzhaigou not only in terms of species richness and endemicity but also for the biodiversity of freshwater karst ecosystems in the national protected areas of China.
Observer-based distributed convex optimization of bipartite containment control for higher order nonlinear uncertain multi-agent systems
Authors: Hao Lihui , Hu Shengbin , Yuan Jiaxin , Yang Xiaole
Published: November 2023

This paper studies the distributed convex optimization of bipartite containment control problem for a class of higher order nonlinear multi-agent systems with uncertain states. For the optimization problem, the penalty function is constructed by summing the local objective function of each agent and combining the penalty term formed by the adjacency matrix. For the unknown nonlinear function and unpredictable states in the system, this paper construct radial basis function Neural-networks and state observer for approaching, respectively. In order to avoid “explosion of complexity,” under the framework of Lyapunov function theory, we propose the dynamic surface control (DSC) technology and design the distributed adaptive backstepping neural network controller to ensure all the signals remain semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded in the closed-loop system and all agents can converge to the convex hull containing each boundary trajectory as well as its opposite trajectory different in sign. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of the proposed control method.
After Ukraine: How Can We Ensure Stability in the Arctic?
Authors: Thomasen Gry
Published: November 2023

“After Ukraine: How can we ensure stability in the Arctic?” presents the findings of two interview-based reports addressing the risk of conflict in the Arctic over a twenty-year perspective. We found that there are concerns that the Arctic may be torn apart as a result of geopolitical forces on several levels, and that the rules-based order in the Arctic has come under pressure after the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the A7's subsequent decision to pause the Arctic Council. This presents a number of risks to future security in the region and the Arctic states are having difficulties figuring out how to move on from here. We identified some of these risks and formulated a set of policy recommendations to mitigate them.
Adolescent Athletes’ Self-Presentations on Social Media and Their Self-Esteem as Moderated by Their Perceptions of Responsiveness by Others
Authors: Yang Kyoungjin , Kwon Sungho , Jang Dojin
Published: November 2023

Social media has been an increasingly utilized communication tool, and it has gained popularity among adolescent athletes. Our aim here was to investigate whether a positive and honest self-presentation on social media increased adolescent athletes' self-esteem, and we examined the moderating effect of perceived responsiveness. After receiving informed consent of participants and their parents/legal guardians, we recruited 468 adolescent athletes/participants (244 males, 224 females; Mage = 15.39 years, SD = 1.61) through purposive sampling and engaged them in completing face-to-face or online self-report measures of their: (a) self-presentation on social media, (b) perceived responsiveness of others, and (c) Rosenberg self-esteem scales. Given the continuous nature of our moderating variable (i.e., perceived responsiveness), we conducted regression analysis using Hayes’s PROCESS macro in SPSS software. A positive self-presentation showed no significant relationship with self-esteem, except when the level of perceived responsiveness was high. Conversely, an honest self-presentation was positively related to higher self-esteem, and the relationship between honest self-presentation and self-esteem was moderated by perceived responsiveness. Our findings extend existing psychological theory into the online environment and have practical implications. These data highlight the link between social media self-presentation and self-esteem among adolescent athletes and illustrate the crucial role of perceived responsiveness in the social media context.
When Unions Organize Workers and Capitalists: Union Growth, the Trigger Mechanism and Service Employees International Union's Justice for Janitors
Authors: Eimer Stuart
Published: November 2023

This article contributes to the study of union renewal. It considers the case of Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Local 32BJ which has grown significantly during a period when the overall labor movement has declined. Local 32BJ's organizing success is explored focusing on the trigger tactic, an overlooked component of SEIU's Justice for Janitors campaigns. Trigger mechanisms take the competitive pressures companies face seriously, recognizing that unionization has costs, and that increased costs are a problem for an individual firm if its competitors are non-union. The trigger tactic binds companies in a given market together to ensure that the bulk of employers go union at once, or not all. This tactic knits together the material interests of workers in different companies and appears to reduce employer opposition to unions. Given its success, SEIU's whole union organizing with a trigger mechanism may offer a potential model for renewal for unions organizing in similar industries.
Endoscopic dilation using two guidewires: a novel approach for establishing access tract during percutaneous nephrolithotomy under ultrasonographic guidance
Authors: Dou Quanliang , Qin Zhiqiang , Liu Jingyu , Li Rongfei , Jia Ruipeng
Published: November 2023

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel endoscopic dilation (END) method during percutaneous nephrolithotomy under ultrasonographic guidance.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 138 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy from June 2020 to December 2021. The patients were divided into three groups based on the method of nephrostomy tract creation: those who underwent fascial Amplatz serial fascial dilation (AMD) (n = 45), one-shot dilation (OSD) (n = 45), and END (n = 48). For END, a 20-Fr dilator with sheath was accessed over the first guidewire. A second guidewire was inserted into the collecting system via the endoscope. The nephroscope was then accessed to enlarge the renal puncture point using both guidewires. Demographic variables and important intraoperative and postoperative findings were compared among the three groups.

Results

The preoperative characteristics were similar among the three groups. The END group had a significantly shorter access time than both the AMD and OSD groups and significantly less severe hemoglobin loss than the OSD group. There were no significant differences in the other important perioperative findings.

Conclusion

Use of this novel END method with two guidewires may be associated with less blood loss and a reduced access time.
Acoustic, vibration, and viscoelastic performance of wire EDM waste-reinforced natural fiber composites
Authors: Krishnasamy Prabu , Mylsamy Goudilyan , G Rajamurugan , Jeyanthi Subramanian , D Murali Manohar
Published: November 2023

Natural fiber composites are being promoted as cost-effective substitutes for synthetic materials due to its benefits like lightweight, recyclability, cost, and biodegradability. The main objective of the present work is to reuse the electrical discharge machining (EDM) waste wire in coated hemp/ramie fiber epoxy composites. The wire lengths of 1, 3, and 5 cm were used as reinforcement in composites and its effects were studied through mechanical characterizations, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), acoustic study, and vibration behavior. The 5 cm wire length composite (S4) secured better mechanical properties (tensile-26%, impact-33%, hardness-12%). Additionally, S4 displayed increased storage modulus and reduced loss modulus from DMA analysis. The natural frequency has increased by 15%, whereas decrease in damping ratio was observed for S4. The sound absorption coefficient of S4 composite was lower compared to S1 due to the stiffness and lower damping properties of the reinforced wire. The developed composite can provide the necessary strength and stiffness while reducing the overall weight of the vehicle in an automobile industry.
Breakdown characteristics and influencing factors of live 500 kV insulators sprayed by extinguishing agents using helicopters
Authors: Lu Jiazheng , Zhou Tejun , Wu Chuanping
Published: November 2023

Regarding the problem that helicopters cannot spray live transmission conductors and wildfires directly under an insulator, we built a full-scale 500 kV insulator flashover test platform to simulate high-altitude helicopters spraying fire extinguishing agents. The chemical formulation, spray intensity, and fragmentation method of the fire extinguishing agents were varied. We simulated the breakdown characteristics of insulators when helicopters spray fire extinguishing agents, revealing the mechanism of high-altitude live fire extinguishment for high-spray-intensity and high-conductivity agents. Furthermore, an insulation performance verification test of a helicopter spraying live equipment at different flight speeds and altitudes was carried out, and the behavior of the fire extinguishing agents was divided into a five-zone diffusion law consisting of the (1) water column, (2) continuous water block, (3) semi-continuous water body, (4) large droplet particles, and (5) small droplet particles. We propose a spraying live transmission line method in which the helicopter flight height and speed jointly control the particle size of the fire extinguishing agent. When the particle size of the fire extinguishing agent at the terminal is controlled to 560–4000 μm, the insulation performance of the fire extinguishing agent can be effectively improved. During high-incidence periods of wildfires, such as the Spring Festival and Qingming Festival in 2023, on-site firefighting on the Hunan power grid was performed using helicopters to spray fire extinguishing agents from top to bottom through live transmission conductors to extinguish wildfire disasters directly below the transmission conductors. Neither transmission line flashovers nor power outages occurred when the fires were extinguished.
Planning Education and Transformative Capacity for Climate-Neutral Cities
Authors: Farhangi Mosen , Rohracher Harald , Magnusson Dick , Trygg Kristina , Skill Karin
Published: November 2023

To achieve their goal to become climate neutral, Swedish municipalities must significantly improve their transformative capacities. Adapting the roles and practices of urban planners is an important element in this process. This paper critically reflects on the way in which improved planning education may help to enable a new generation of planners to face the challenges of rapid urban transformation and provides them with the knowledge and tools needed for these new roles. The results suggest that there are interdependencies between the demand of municipalities for knowledge and skills and the capacity of educational programs for educating planners with transformative abilities.
Improved mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene nanocomposites prepared by twin screw extruder
Authors: Singh Phool , Singari Ranganath M , Mishra RS
Published: November 2023

Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a thermoplastic polymer matrix is a big challenge in the research community. In the present study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were dispersed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer by a twin screw extruder to improve mechanical and thermal properties. The desired ratio of MWCNT in ABS (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) were dispersed through single and double extrusion processes by a twin screw extruder. The test specimens of produced composites and pure ABS materials were prepared by micro-injection molding. The nanocomposites’ mechanical and thermal properties were investigated and compared with pure ABS. It has been found that the tensile strength has increased significantly for single-extruded and double-extruded composites. A comparative study of MWCNTs reinforced ABS nanocomposites and pure ABS was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier's transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and Scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the microhardness has also increased for single- and double-extruded nanocomposites in comparison to pure ABS.
Proof of concept study on a self-driven pulsed jet on a compressor stator blade by numerical simulation
Authors: Lu Weiyu , Deng Qiulin , Jiao Yanmei
Published: November 2023

This study presents a new concept of self-driven pulsed jet flow control on a compressor stator blade. This passive unsteady flow control method has the advantage that neither external flow nor electrical source is needed. This study’s preliminary proof-of-concept study on a low-speed compressor stator blade is performed using numerical simulation. When the pulsed jet frequency is 100 Hz, the optimum control performance and control efficiency are reached, and the total pressure loss coefficient is reduced by 8.9%. As the valve’s rotational speed increases, the pulsed jet’s momentum coefficient decreases gradually. The analysis of the unsteady characteristics of the self-driven pulsed jet shows that the jet velocity is close to a periodic square wave signal, and the typical reduced jet velocity ranges from approximately 0.15 to 0.8. Moreover, the time-averaged driving torque on the valve depends on the rotational speed and is relevant to the self-starting and self-driven characteristics of this passive flow control method. Under different bearing resistance torque, the self-driven valve behaves differently in three cases that can self-start and be self-driven, cannot self-start but can be self-driven, and cannot self-start nor be self-driven.
Factors Influencing Financial Inclusion for Social Inclusion in Selected African Countries
Authors: Njanike Kosmas , Mpofu Raphael T.
Published: November 2023

The study investigated the determinants of financial inclusion in selected African countries. Researchers have found an extraordinarily strong positive association between social inclusion and financial inclusion; financial inclusion is the key to eradicating poverty and social exclusion as it presents an opportunity for people to benefit from financial services. A single data set was formed by combining four samples from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Eswatini, Kenya and South Africa. Data were obtained from surveys done by FinScope. FinScope Consumer Survey is a probability survey with an end-user focus (individual or household) on financial services and products. The FinScope Consumer Survey, done by the FinMark Trust, is uniquely aimed at increasing understanding of the informal financial product/service market.

Probit regression models were estimated to find significant factors influencing financial inclusion in selected African countries. The linear probability model was used for the robustness check. The study found that age, education, marital status, bank branch accessibility, location, internet, salary, income, proof of residence, social networks, financial advice, gender and connectivity were significant in influencing financial inclusion. Governments must implement policies that enhance financial inclusion, in particular, ethnic groups, small communities and minorities. These policies will also lead to the reduction of poverty and the attainment of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Party Affiliation in the Southern Electorate
Authors: McKee Seth C.
Published: November 2023

This article chronicles and analyzes the changing state of party affiliation in the American South from the 1990s to the present. Party identification (PID) is examined with data from three survey sources: the American National Election Study (ANES), Cooperative Election Study (CES), and Exit Polls (national and state-level). Emphasis is placed on the changing PID patterns of white, Black, and Hispanic voters South-wide and in individual states. The findings strongly suggest that the current position of Republican electoral dominance will persist for some time to come, though there are multiple reasons why, in certain parts of the South, Democratic affiliation will likely increase.
Helicopter Parenting of Minor Teenagers in India: Scale Development and Consequences
Authors: Sood Medhavi , Buchanan Tom
Published: November 2023

In this study, we develop a new scale for measuring helicopter parenting of teenagers in India using a sample of 425 teenage students (aged 13–17 years) in the New Delhi education system. The Minor Teen Helicopter Parenting Scale consists of two validated factors of helicopter parenting we label: Pressure and Intrusion. Both factors demonstrated high validity through factor analysis procedures and high levels of reliability (0.804 and 0.709, respectively). Both pressure and intrusion were associated with academic performance and well-being outcomes. Both factors were an improvement over the Helicopter Parenting Scale (HPS) for this age group. Analysis of the HPS did not yield an acceptable reliability (0.422) for these teenagers under the age of 18. Pressure was more related academic performance and school-related outcomes. Intrusion was more associated with general well-being, self-reported health, and happiness. Results suggest the new measure with two subscales is a more age-appropriate tool for assessing helicopter parenting in parents of children not yet in the college or university life stage. Implications for these findings are discussed and future research is considered.
Nonplanar ion-acoustic solitary and cnoidal waves in a non-Maxwellian plasma: Study on nonplanar (modified) Kawahara equation
Authors: Almutlak Salemah A , Khalid Muhammad , El-Tantawy Samir A
Published: November 2023

This study aims to examine the properties of the nonplanar (cylindrical and spherical) ion-acoustic solitary waves (SWs) and cnoidal waves (CWs) in a collisionless, unmagnetized electron-ion (EI) plasma having a Cairns–Tsallis distribution for the electrons. This study is structured around two main lines. The first trend involves deriving the nonplanar Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation by utilizing the method of reductive perturbation (MRP). This equation describes small-amplitude (non)planar acoustic waves (AWs). Furthermore, the nonplanar Kawahara equation (KE) is formulated to examine the significant magnitude of planar and nonplanar SWs and CWs. The current plasma model supports compressive and rarefactive IA solitary and cnoidal structures, depending upon the associated physical factors such as the nonextensive parameter (nonextensivity) and nonthermal parameter (nonthermality). When the plasma compositions reach some critical values, such as the critical value of nonthermality, the coefficient of the quadratic nonlinear term vanishes. Hence, both nonplanar modified KdV (mKdV) equation and modified KE (mKE) with cubic nonlinearity are derived to accurately depict the dynamics of both small and large amplitudes of nonplanar SWs and CWs and any other structures related to this family of evolution equations. The influences of the nonextensivity and nonthermality on the profile of (non)planar KdV soliton and the (non)planar Kawahara SWs and CWs are numerically examined using some semi-analytical and numerical approximations. Also, the impact of the nonextensivity on the profile of (non)planar mKdV soliton and the (non)planar modified Kawahara SWs and CWs is reported. It is tracked down that the variety of different plasma parameters significantly alters the characteristic properties of the small and large amplitude ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) discussed by the nonplanar KdV-type equations.
Thermoelastic impact modeling for projectile–target–muzzle components during penetration start of motion
Authors: Nagler Jacob
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the thermoelastic shock wave model components of projectile, target, and muzzle tube during the initial start of penetration. The penetration model is combined using pressure and temperature (e.g., mechanical and thermal shock) that act separately at the moment of penetration (a few microseconds) into a homogeneous or first-layer armor body. The armor’s shape and material will be investigated based on contact principal stress. The reciprocal influence between the penetrator and the armor in the aspect of the projectile nose shape will also be demonstrated. Moreover, the penetrator thermoelastic material’s durability will be examined, based on von Mises criterion. The examination for the initial elastic contact stress impact will be performed by using the explicit solution to temperature-displacement coupling equilibrium, based on commercial finite elements modeling. In addition, a modified impact contact stress model based on both mechanical and thermal energies was proposed and found to agree with the literature. Brief conceptual analysis of projectile–shield interactions was examined. Finally, shooting tube muzzle thermoelastic analysis was performed alongside a literature comparison, which was found to agree qualitatively and quantitatively. Muzzle tube material impact analysis was performed. Finally, it was concluded that muzzle tubes obey the rule that a shorter cylinder length tube develops higher muzzle tube principal stresses.
A Normative Framework for Assessing the Information Curation Algorithms of the Internet
Authors: Lazer David , Swire-Thompson Briony , Wilson Christo
Published: November 2023

It is critical to understand how algorithms structure the information people see and how those algorithms support or undermine society’s core values. We offer a normative framework for the assessment of the information curation algorithms that determine much of what people see on the internet. The framework presents two levels of assessment: one for individual-level effects and another for systemic effects. With regard to individual-level effects we discuss whether (a) the information is aligned with the user’s interests, (b) the information is accurate, and (c) the information is so appealing that it is difficult for a person’s self-regulatory resources to ignore (“agency hacking”). At the systemic level we discuss whether (a) there are adverse civic-level effects on a system-level variable, such as political polarization; (b) there are negative distributional or discriminatory effects; and (c) there are anticompetitive effects, with the information providing an advantage to the platform. The objective of this framework is both to inform the direction of future scholarship as well as to offer tools for intervention for policymakers.
A coach's perspective on augmented feedback (and technology) in cricket
Authors: Tissera Kevin , Orth Dominic , Huynh Minh , Benson Amanda C
Published: November 2023

Coaches utilise augmented feedback to help channel learning and skill acquisition in sports. However, the rationale and pedagogical approaches underpinning feedback (and technology) strategies employed by coaches remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore cricket coaches understanding towards the role of feedback, and how feedback (and technology) strategies are enacted within practice settings, viewed within pedagogical frameworks. An online questionnaire (Qualtrics) consisted of fixed-text and free-text questions. Fixed-text responses were analysed exploring associations (frequencies, chi-square) or differences (Mann-Whitney U) between coaching groups, with free-text questions examined through reflexive thematic analysis, exploring approaches to presenting athletes with feedback (and technology use). Overall, 134 coaches (94% male, 6% female) aged 18–69 years from 12 countries responded to the questionnaire. Following silhouette and k-modes cluster analysis, results were explored for two coaching groups: community cricket coaches ( n = 84, 63%) and higher-performance coaches ( n = 50, 37%). Significant differences showed greater coaching experience, qualifications, and time spent coaching per week for the higher-performance coaching group ( p < 0.0125), in addition to higher self-efficacy around feedback, albeit with a small effect size ( p < 0.001, r = 0.29). Community coaches showed a significant difference in manipulating feedback strategies on motivational factors ( p < 0.0125). Reflexive thematic analysis identified different rationales for the perceived role of feedback and use of technology across coaching groups, underpinned by contrasting pedagogical approaches (coach-centred versus athlete-centred). Responses highlighted the co-adaptive properties of coach-athlete dyads (evident in how/why feedback was manipulated). Overall findings present opportunities to further coach education to improve understanding and operationalisation of feedback (and technology).
The Role of Actionless Action in Generating Quantum Social Change: Forum on Snapshots from Home
Authors: O’Brien Karen
Published: November 2023

This article considers an alternative paradigm for responding to the climate emergency. Drawing on Fierke’s ideas on quantum complementarity and wuwei, or actionless action, it considers what quantum social science and Eastern philosophies can offer to a fragmenting, polarized world where responses to climate change appear to be limited and ineffective. The wisdom of actionless action involves engaging differently with difference, emphasizing a spontaneous and ethical quality of agency that both disrupts the patterns that maintain the drivers of climate change and contributes to social and cultural norms, rules, regulations, and institutions that are equitable and sustainable. In contrast to doing nothing, actionless action may one of the keys to generating quantum social change.
Geographies of alcohol, drinking, and drunkenness through the lens of participatory video
Authors: Trell Elen-Maarja , van Hoven Bettina
Published: November 2023

In this dialogue, we view geographies of alcohol, drinking, and drunkenness through the lens of participatory video and drawing on research within geographies of youth. We address participatory, visual research methods and ask how such methods might enable researchers to ask (a)new questions about familiar terrain, as proposed by Jayne and Valentine (2024) . In so doing, we re-visit ethnographic participant-led video data from our research on youth and belonging more than a decade ago.
Perceptions of Finns with chronic diseases about factors affecting their eHealth literacy: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Tamminen Alisa , Virtanen Lotta , Clemens Timo , Nadav Janna , Saukkonen Petra , Kainiemi Emma , Heponiemi Tarja , Kaihlanen Anu-Marja
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aims to describe the factors related to the individual, the system and their interaction, which can affect eHealth literacy from the perspective of people living with one or multiple chronic diseases. As digital solutions are increasingly used in healthcare, perspectives of patients with chronic diseases must be considered.

Methods

The study design was a qualitative, descriptive interview study, gathering the insights of people living in Finland with chronic disease. The individual semi-structured interviews ( n = 17) were conducted via telephone. The eHealth Literacy Framework was used in the data analysis, with a deductive–inductive approach.

Results

The range of skills included in the eHealth Literacy Framework was widely applied by participants who described themselves as adept at using eHealth environments to manage health-related needs. The participants evaluated online information and took an active role in self-management of their chronic disease. Most importantly, even participants possessing many of the skills in the eHealth Literacy Framework experienced difficulties in using eHealth environments, and the accessibility of eHealth environments was highlighted.

Conclusions

eHealth environments could be useful for health promotion and self-management for people with chronic diseases, but only presuming the environments are adapted to their level of eHealth literacy skills.
A historical study of the British and American definitions of science fiction and related controversies
Authors: Feng Xige , Liu Bing
Published: November 2023

The various definitions of science fiction reflect different understandings of science and fantasy and their relationship. Through a review of the development history of the British and American definitions of science fiction and related controversies, we find that changes in science fiction's definition are often accompanied by the reorientation and reimagination of its position in society and culture. As people's perceptions deepen, the shifting boundary between science and fantasy has important implications for a better understanding of science fiction.
Is Your Degree Worth It? Education-Job Transferability and Job Satisfaction of ICT Workers
Authors: Lee Sung-Tae , Jung Sun-Moon
Published: November 2023

Education-job match is known to affect employee job satisfaction, as well as their intention to leave the role. Job satisfaction is a critical part of an employee’s motivation to remain loyal to and employed within a company. However, ICT sector faces significant skill gaps, driven by college education lagging behind ICT employers’ expectations of job skills and experience needed in practice. This article hypothesizes that perceived effectiveness of ICT education in learning job skills (“education-job transferability”) in ICT industries can enhance employee job satisfaction and reduce employee turnover. Using a unique dataset extracted from the Labor Force Survey of ICT Workers in South Korea, this article empirically examines the status quo of education-job transferability in ICT industries and its impact on job satisfaction. This article reveals that ICT education is perceived as less effective for learning job skills than other disciplines’ education. Moreover, a significant stake of ICT graduates plan to do vocational training, suggesting that higher education is not enough to secure ICT-specialized jobs. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that an education-job transferability enhances employees’ job satisfaction and reduces their intention to leave their current jobs. This article suggests that education-job transferability in Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) industries has a long-lasting effect on both employees and employers, by enhancing employee job satisfaction and potentially mitigating employee turnover.
R&D Investment, Executive Incentive, and Financial Performance in GEM: Based on Three-Stage Least Squares Method
Authors: Liu Luxing , Lei Keyu , Jin Hong , Teng Yin-Pei
Published: November 2023

China’s GEM (Growth Enterprise Market, also named as ChiNext stock market) enterprises are mainly small and medium-sized enterprises in the start-up stage, which have high-speed growth. This work uses three-stage least squares (3SLS) based on combines system equation to study the impact of technological innovation investment, executive incentive, and enterprise financial performance. The results show that in China’s GEM enterprises, R&D in the current period positively affects financial performance in 1% significance level. R&D of the lag period has a significant negative impact on the financial performance of the current period. Conversely, the financial performance of the current period has a significant negative impact on R&D. While both salary incentive and equity incentive will improve financial performance, executives seem to value short-term interests MORE. Executive equity incentive has a significant negative moderating effect ownership due to ownership structure in GEM is needed to strengthen the control right. This work proposes a new research horizon in GEM in China, and can help the GEM design an effective management mechanism to improve the financial performance of the enterprise.
Business Development Services and Participation of Rural-Based Micro Enterprises in Export Markets: Exploring the Heterogeneity of the Tanzanian Handicrafts Industry
Authors: Kazungu Isaac
Published: November 2023

Rural-based micro-enterprises have recently gained broad attention in developing countries where most citizens live in rural areas, and their livelihoods depend on entrepreneurial undertakings. The nexus between rural enterprises and export trade is increasingly becoming vital as most rural inhabitants engage in handicrafts. This study assesses the contribution of Business Development Services (BDS) to rural-based handcraft Micro Enterprises (MEs) in export markets. Data were collected from 92 owners of handicrafts MEs in Ololosokwan and Sukenya, Ngorongoro District Arusha, Tanzania. Multivariate logistic regression analysis reveals that 18.9 to 74.5% of the variation of handicrafts MEs’ participation in export markets was explained by the variation in BDS access. It was also found that technical support, entrepreneurship and leadership training programs have a significant relationship with rural-based MEs’ participation in export markets. It is concluded that BDS contributes largely to the participation of rural-based MEs in export markets. The study recommendations include adopting a supportive institutional and policy framework for the frequent provision of BDS at low costs and specific MEs’ needs and developing business networking platforms that will provide important export market information. This study contributes to advances in the body of literature on effective BDS strategies in the handicraft industry. More importantly, it brings new insights into how BDS is linked with export market participation among Maasai rural-based handcraft MEs in an emerging nation.
How a low income state of India managed the unemployment situation during COVID-19? Lessons for future pandemic management
Authors: Rout Sarit Kumar , Meher Ananda , Behera Pallavi , de Broucker Gatien , Kadam Shridhar M
Published: November 2023

Background:

The partial and complete lockdown to curb the spread of COVID-19 caused enormous economic and social disruptions throughout the world. India witnessed the sharpest decline in its Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the unemployment rate rose sharply in the first quarter of 2020-21. Odisha, one of the low income states of India, has faced a steep rise in unemployment, with lakhs of migrant workers returning to the state. This article attempts to examine Odisha’s unemployment situation compared to the low-income states of India as well as with the national average during COVID-19. This also investigates to what extent the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provided relief to the people by providing short-term employment opportunities.

Design:

This is a descriptive study and is based upon repetitive cross sectional secondary data on unemployment rate and labour force participation rate across the low-income states of India.

Method:

The study used descriptive statistics to analyze the secondary data from the Center for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) and MGNREGA report. The labour force participation rate (LFPR) and unemployment rate (UER) data were collected from the CMIE trimester reports. The information related to number days of employment demanded and employment provided were collected from the MGNREGA reports. Total time period was divided in to two parts – 2017-19 pre pandemic period and 2020-2021 pandemic period.

Results:

The analysis of UER revealed that the unemployment situation in Odisha was better than the low-income states and overall India. The UER during COVID-19 (Sep-Dec 2020 to Sep-Dec 2021) was lower than the pre COVID-19 level in Odisha (1.6% in Sep-Dec 2020), compared to all India, where this was more than the pre-COVID-19 level (7.4% in Sep-Dec 2020). Odisha government had nearly doubled the employment generation through MGNREGA during 2020-21. The state government undertook a number of proactive measures – increasing wage rate, providing extra days of work in vulnerable districts to address the unemployment situation during the pandemic.

Conclusion:

The state government’s effort to manage the livelihood crisis was notable during the pandemic.. Proper implementation of the wage employment programmes led to higher decline in the UER in Odisha compared to other states These experiences can be emulated by other states or countries.
Effects of a Perioperative Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Program on Early Quadriceps Strength and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Okoroha Kelechi R. , Tramer Joseph S. , Khalil Lafi S. , Jildeh Toufic R. , Abbas Muhammad J. , Buckley Patrick J. , Lindell Craig , Moutzouros Vasilios
Published: November 2023

Background:

Quadriceps muscle atrophy remains a limiting factor in returning to activity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy may accelerate quadriceps strengthening in the perioperative period.

Purpose:

To evaluate postoperative isometric quadriceps strength in patients who underwent ACLR with a perioperative BFR program.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Patients indicated for ACLR were randomized into 2 groups, BFR and control, at their initial clinic visit. All patients underwent 2 weeks of prehabilitation preoperatively, with the BFR group performing exercises with a pneumatic cuff set to 80% limb occlusion pressure placed over the proximal thigh. All patients also underwent a standardized postoperative 12-week physical therapy protocol, with the BFR group using pneumatic cuffs during exercise. Quadriceps strength was measured as peak and mean torque during seated leg extension and presented as quadriceps index (percentage vs healthy limb). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), knee range of motion, and quadriceps circumference were also gathered at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively, and adverse effects were recorded.

Results:

Included were 46 patients, 22 in the BFR group (mean age, 25.4 ± 10.6 years) and 24 in the control group (mean age, 27.5 ± 12.0 years). At 6 weeks postoperatively, the BFR group demonstrated significantly greater strength compared with the controls (quadriceps index: 57% ± 24% vs 40% ± 18%; P = .029), and the BFR group had significantly better Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Physical Function (42.69 ± 5.64 vs 39.20 ± 5.51; P = .001) and International Knee Documentation Committee (58.22 ± 7.64 vs 47.05 ± 13.50; P = .011) scores. At 6 weeks postoperatively, controls demonstrated a significant drop in the peak torque generation of the operative versus nonoperative leg. There were no significant differences in strength or PROs at 3 or 6 months postoperatively. Three patients elected to drop out of the BFR group secondary to cuff intolerance during exercise; otherwise, no other severe adverse events were reported.

Conclusion:

Integrating BFR into perioperative physical therapy protocols led to improved strength and increased PROs at 6 weeks after ACLR. No differences in strength or PROs were found at 3 and 6 months between the 2 groups.

Registration:

NCT04374968 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Social Determinants of Health of Ashram School Girls in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kakade Narendra , George Mathew
Published: November 2023

The concept of ashram school has an ancient origin where the disciples take refuge with the teacher (Gurukul) to learn his/her life lessons. Modern-time ashram schools evolved with this very idea where the tribal children are offered a conducive environment at the residential schools for education and overall development. The basic needs like food, clothing, shelter and education are meant to be taken care of in the ashram schools. The study focussed on factors such as living conditions, food and working conditions (carrying educational activities in school) influencing the health of adolescent girls. It used a mixed method and multistage sampling to select 800 girls from 17 ashram schools of selected four tribal districts (administrative unit) in Maharashtra, India. Adolescent girls of ashram schools reported the poor living and working environment, inadequate services of food and nutrition, clothing and shelter determining their health outcomes. The adolescent girls were found with low Hb count, delayed menses and health morbidities.
Macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype in T cell transfer colitis model
Authors: Ebihara Shin , Urashima Toshiki , Amano Wataru , Yamamura Hideto , Konishi Noriko
Published: November 2023

Background

T cell transfer colitis model is often used to study the CD4+ T cell functions in the intestine. However, the specific roles of macrophages in colitis remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the phenotype and functions of macrophages in the colonic lamina propria (LP) in a colitis model.

Methods

Colitis was induced in scid mice via the adaptive transfer of CD4+CD45RBhi T cells. Then, flow cytometry was used to determine the number of macrophages in the colonic LP and expression of cytokines in macrophages at the onset of colitis. Moreover, M1/M2 macrophage markers were detected in the colonic LP during colitis development using high-dimensional single-cell data and gating-based analyses. Expression levels of M1 markers in macrophages isolated from the colonic LP were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, macrophages were co-cultured with T cells isolated from the colon to assess colitogenic T cell activation.

Results

Infiltration of macrophages into the colon increased with the development of colitis in the T cell transfer colitis model. M1/M2 macrophage markers were observed in this model, as observed in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, number of M1 macrophages increased, whereas that of M2 macrophages decreased in the colonic LP during colitis development. M1 macrophages were identified as the main source of inflammatory cytokine production, and colitogenic T cells were activated via interactions with these macrophages.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed that macrophages polarized toward the M1 phenotype in LP during colitis development in the T cell transfer colitis model. Therefore, the colitis model is suitable for the evaluation of the efficacy of macrophage-targeted drugs in human IBD treatment. Furthermore, this model can be used to elucidate the in vivo functions of macrophages in the colon of patients with IBD.