bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self perception of body weight status and willingness to adopt healthy eating and activity behaviors among Kentucky adults
Authors: Wang Changzheng , Huang Lingyu , Butller Cecil
Published: June 2021

Visitors to the 2011 Kentucky State Fair were recruited to fill out a questionnaire before they were given a free analysis of their body composition (body fat %) with a Tanita TBF‐521 body composition analyzer. 60% of overweight men considered themselves normal and 77% of obese men considered themselves only overweight. 15% of normal weight women considered themselves overweight, but only 21% of overweight women considered themselves normal and 51% of obese women put themselves in the overweight category. 80% of the participants would choose vegetables or fruits and nuts for snacks but 30% of the obese group would choose chips for a snack. 70% of the participants would learn to prepare vegetable dishes on their own but only 14% would do so by attending free workshops. 72% of participants were willing to add physical activities to their daily life such as walking but only 10% was willing to join a free club for exercise and 10% of the obese is willing to pay for an exercise program. 60% of the obese group was willing to cut soft drinks and 50% of the normal weight and overweight individuals were willing to drink water only. In conclusion, self perception of body weight tended to lower the severity of weight problems in both men and women. Furthermore, self perception of body weight status could affect the willingness to adopt healthy eating and activity behaviors.
NAFLD (Non‐Alcoholic‐Fatty‐Liver‐‐Disease) reversal by a comprehensive nutritional‐physical exercise intervention.
Authors: Trovato Guglielmo M , Catalano D , Pennisi A , Trovato FM , Pace P , Martines GF , Pirri C
Published: June 2021

Introduction

NAFLD is a condition detrimental for the liver, subsequent to unhealthy lifestyle. We aimed to study relationship of nutritional and exercise intervention with improvement or recovery of UltraSound (US) fatty liver pattern

Methods

Fatty liver was assessed by a US validated procedures,Bright Liver Score (BLS), in 169 (F 197,M 62) patients,aged 48.51 ± 16.17 years, BMI 27.45±5.23. A counseling intervention (6 months) aimed at increasing adherence to Mediterranean Diet profile (AMDS; range 0–55), assumed as a qualitative proxy for current dietary guidelines, and at reducing sedentary habits assessed by detailed physical activity(Baecke)was provided.

Results

Post‐intervention changes were: BLS (from 1.07±1.08 to 0.80±0.89; p< 0.0001)and insulin resistance (HOMA from 2.47±1.42 to 1.95 ±1.14;p< 0.0001) decrease; increase of AMDS (from 29.48±4.61 to 31.95±3.51; p<0.0001) and Baecke‐Physical activity score(from 41.50±4.97 to 43.97±4.95; p<0.0001). AMDS change has a significant correlation with weight loss (r= 0.406; p<0.0001),BLS decrease( r=0.420; p<0.0001), and Baecke increase ( r=0.252; p:0.015); not with HOMA changes (r= 0.099; p: 0.346). This outcome was maintained after 24 months in 92 re‐assessed patients.

Conclusion

Increased adherence to Mediterranean Diet profile and to a greater physical exercise activity concurs and improves liver in NAFLD patients.
The diagnostic efficacy of anthropometric and body composition cut‐off values in assessing risk factors for cardiovascular disease among university students
Authors: Nichols Selby , Edwards Ann-Marie
Published: June 2021

Objective

In this study, we investigated the ability of various anthropometric and body composition cut‐off values in predicting fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure (BP) and HDL cholesteroal levels in a group of healthy volunteers.

Methods

Participants had fasting finger‐stick blood sugar and HDL cholesterol measured with hand‐held automated monitors(One Touch Ultra and Cardio Chek PA respectively). Blood pressures was measures on both arms after ten minutes of rest in the sitting position using an automated blood pressure monitor(Omron HEM 712C). the average of four readings was used as the indexed blood pressure. In addition, antropometry was measured using standard procedure. Percentage body fat (%BF), visceral fat, skeletal muscle mass was measured with the OMRON Full Body Sensor (HBF‐510W). Participation in the study was voluntary.

Results

Ninety‐eight persons (58 females and 43 males) participated in the investigation. Anthropometric and body composition cut‐off values had low sensitivities (3%–50%) and high specificities (70%–100%) in detecting elevated FBS,BP and HDL cholesterol levels.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest similar predictive ability among the various anthropometric and body composition cut–offs in detecting elevated blood sugar, blood pressure and HDL among participants.
Effects of Brown Seaweed and Licorice on Blood Glucose and Weight Loss in Moderately Overweight Subjects
Authors: Talbott Shawn , Talbott Tracy , Dingler Elaine , Talbott Julie
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION

Previous work in animals and humans has suggested that dietary supplementation with fucoxanthin, a carotenoid in brown seaweed, and glabridin, a flavonoid in licorice root, may have beneficial effects on fat/weight loss through an enhancement of overall metabolic rate and improved blood glucose control.

METHODS

Using a double‐blind, randomized, placebocontrolled design, we supplemented moderately overweight subjects (N=20 per group) for 6 weeks with a proprietary blend (550mg/day) of brown seaweed extract (Undaria pinnatifida, standardized for fucoxanthin) and licorice root extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra, standardized for glabridin) or a look‐alike Placebo. Measurements (pre/post) included body weight, body fat percentage, resting metabolic rate, waist circumference, blood glucose and cholesterol.

RESULTS

No significant differences were found for resting metabolic rate or cholesterol measures. Significant differences were found between the Supplement (S) and Placebo (P) groups for measures of body weight (−5lbs in S v. +3lbs in P), body fat (−4.2lbs. in S v. n/c in P), waist circumference (−1.2in in S v. n/c in P), and blood glucose (−9% in S v. n/c in P).

CONCLUSION

These data suggest that the supplement blend is effective in improving blood glucose control, which improves appetite regulation, and reduces body weight and body fat levels in moderately overweight subjects.
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Laver in db/db Mice
Authors: Kim Jung-In , Kang Min-Jung , Choi Ha-Neul , Kim Hyangsook , Choe Eunok
Published: June 2021

Tight control of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia is crucial for the management of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of laver in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Five‐week‐old male db/db mice (n=14) were fed an AIN‐93G diet or diet containing 3% freeze‐dried laver powder for six weeks after which blood glycated hemoglobin and serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels were measured. Diet containing laver significantly reduced blood glycated hemoglobin compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels of the laver group were significantly lower than those of the control group. These results indicate that laver exerts anti‐hyperglycemic and anti‐hyperlipidemic effects in db/db mice, and may be useful in the management of type 2 diabetes. This study was supported by the research grant (#911005‐2) from the projects for the ˈGlobalization of Korean Foodsˈ, which is gratefully appreciated.
In Vivo Administration of an EET Agonist Rescues Diet‐ Induced Obesity and Associated Vascular and Adipose Tissue Abnormalities in SD Rats: Contributions of the Heme‐Heme Oxygenase System
Authors: Sodhi Komal , Inoue Kazuyoshi , Schwartzman Michal L
Published: June 2021

Recent reports show interplay between EETs and the heme oxygenase (HO) system in attenuating adipogenesis in in vitro models, prompting an examination of the effects of treatment with an EET agonist on diet‐induced obesity and associated cardio‐metabolic dysfunction. Patho‐physiological effects of an EET agonist (NUDSA) were contrasted, in the absence and in the presence of SnMP (an HO inhibitor), in SD rats fed a high fat (58%, HF) or lean diet for 16 weeks. HF diet resulted in increased (p<0.05) body weight (BW), inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels adiponectin in the plasma; along with reduced vascular and adipose tissue levels of EETs and HO‐1. Treatment with NUDSA not only reversed BW, serum adiponectin and vascular and adipose tissue levels of EETs and HO‐1, but also, decreased blood pressure, subcutaneous and visceral fat content and serum TNFα and IL‐6 in rats on HF diet. Aortic endothelial function, p‐eNOS expression and adipose tissue markers of energy homeostasis i.e. pAMPK, Sirt1 and FAS, impaired (p<0.05) in rats on HF diet, were restored in animals treated with NUDSA. Prevention of these beneficial effects of NUDSA, in animals on HF diet and concurrently exposed to NUDSA and SnMP, support the role of EET‐HO interaction in mediating such effects. Taken together, our findings suggest that interplay of these two systems affords vascular and metabolic protection in diet induced obesity. NIH‐ HL034300
Associations among adiposity, inflammation, and iron status in overweight/obese pregnant women
Authors: Stewart Christine P , Shahab-Ferdows Setti , Chen Frances Y.J. , Lindsay Allen H. , Lonnerdal Bo , King Janet C.
Published: June 2021

Obesity‐related inflammation may contribute to poor iron absorption and iron deficiency. In this study, women were enrolled into a dietary intervention trial at 20 weeks gestation (n=64, BMI range 26–53 kg/m2). Baseline and follow‐up visits at 28 and 34 wk included measurements of body composition, inflammation (CRP, AGP, TNF‐α, IL‐6) and iron status (ferritin, transferrin receptor [sTfR], hepcidin, plasma iron, and TIBC). Ferritin concentrations declined from 20–28 wk, then remained stable; sTfR increased linearly from 20–34 wk; and hepcidin displayed a U‐shaped pattern across gestation. Despite 90% of women reporting taking supplements (72% prenatal), 2%, 6%, and 11% of women had low iron status at 20, 28, and 34 wk using an sTfR cutoff (>4.4 mg/L), in comparison to 8%, 48%, and 38% classified using a ferritin cutoff (<12 ng/mL). Fat mass at 20 wk was not associated with the change in ferritin or sTfR, but it was associated with an increase in hepcidin from 20–34 wk (p=0.04). CRP was positively associated with hepcidin at 20 weeks, but not later in pregnancy. Change in ferritin during pregnancy was positively associated with change in CRP (p=0.007) and AGP (p=0.036), but these markers were not associated with hepcidin or sTfR. Adiposity and inflammation during pregnancy were associated with an elevation in ferritin and hepcidin, but not associated with sTfR. Funded by UC Davis and NIH Grant R01HD46741.
Moderate caloric restriction results in significant loss of fat mass, limited decline in resting energy expenditure and preservation of fat free mass
Authors: Chezem Jo Carol , Thomas Adrienne , Holden Jocelyn
Published: June 2021

The objective of this retrospective study was to describe changes in body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) in adults enrolled in a 25‐week weight loss program that restricted caloric intake to 90% of measured REE. Data collected included total body mass (TBM), fat mass (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM) from air displacement plethysmography; measured REE from indirect calorimetry and predicted REE from linear regression. Data from 312 clients were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. From baseline to week 25, there were significant declines in TBM (−8.7 kg; p < .001) and FM (−8.3 kg; p < .001). During the same time period, FFM remained unchanged (0 kg; p > .05). REE was significantly lower at weeks 13 (1580 kcal) and 25 (1592 kcal) compared to baseline (1709 kcal) (p ≤ .001); however, REE at weeks 13 and 25 were similar (p > 0.05). At weeks 13 and 25, predicted REE (1579 and 1907 kcal, respectively) was significantly higher than measured REE (1579 and 1592 kcal, respectively) (p < .001). Results of this study demonstrate that loss of FFM can be prevented and decline in REE, while not halted, can be attenuated during weight reduction with moderate caloric restriction. This study received research support from Target Metabolism, Inc.
Is a low serum adiponectin or high serum leptin associated with a low resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight or obese children and adolescents?
Authors: Kim Myung-Hee , Kim Eun-Kyung
Published: June 2021

REE accounts for 60 to 70% of total daily energy expenditure and is the basis for estimating energy needs. And, it is demonstrated that energy expenditure is regulated by adipocyte‐derived hormone.. Fifty‐two overweight or obese student(¡Ã85th percentile of BMI) and 76 normal weight students(5 to 85th percentile of BMI) aged 7–18y were participated in this study. To investigate the relationship between energy expenditure and adipocytokines, REE was measured by indirect calorimetry (TrueOne 2400), and body weight and fat mass were measured by using a Inbody 720. REE/weight and the level of serum adiponectin were significantly lower in obese group (25.0 kcal/kg weight; 8.0 ug/L) than in nonobese group (28.6 kcal/kg weight; 11.8 ug/L). However, serum leptin level (13.5 ng/L) of obese group was significantrly higher than that of nonobese group (5.1 ng/L). And, the concentration of serum adiponectin was positively associated with REE/weight (r=0.433, p<0.001), but the concentration of serum leptin was inversely correlated with REE/weight (r=−0.704, p<0.001). These data explain that a low adiponectin and high leptin are important factors which decrease the REE/weight in overweight or obese subjects.

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(2010‐ 0004472).
Is there a difference on appetite and thermic effects of food depending on the quality of the protein in healthy Korean women?
Authors: Kim Jae-Hee , Tsani A. Fahmy Arif , Yeon Seo-Eun , Ko Su-Young , Kim Eun-Kyung
Published: June 2021

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the thermic effects of food (TEF) and appetite of formulas that were made of different protein sources in healthy Korean women.

Methods

Nine female college students aged 20.6 years, participated in this double blind study. The two protein test formulas (soy protein and casein) that provided 30% of subjectˈs resting metabolic rate (RMR). Fasting and postprandial thermogenesis were measured before and after meals every 30 minutes for 6 hours by indirect calorimetry. And visual analogue scales were used to measure appetite sensations. Fasting appetite, 60 min and 120 min‐postprandial area under the curve (AUC) of hunger and the satiety quotient (SQ) were used.

Results

There were no significant differences in postprandial energy expenditure (PEE) between soy protein and casein formulas. But PEE of soy protein increased more slowly (peak on 90 min) than that of casein (peak on 30 min) and decreased relatively faster after peak time. And total thermogenesis (27.0 kcal/6hrs) of casein diet was higher than soy protein (21.8 kcal/6hrs), but not significantly different. However, in the case of caseinˈs fasting appetite, 120 min‐postprandial AUC of hunger (3800 mm¡¿min) was significantly higher than that of soy protein (3133.3 mm¡¿min).

Conclusions

Further studies using higher protein content should be continued to find the adequate protein source for increasing TEF.

Grant Funding Source: Nutrition(ASN)
Effects of an energy‐restricted, moderate‐protein diet plan with non‐fat dairy on weight changes: 12 weeks of weight loss (WL) followed by 12 weeks of WL maintenance
Authors: Shlisky Julie Danielle , Durward Carrie M , Zack Melissa K , Campbell Jessica K , Jonnalagadda Satya S , Gugger Carolyn , Nickols-Richardson Sharon M
Published: June 2021

Two diet plans were evaluated for effects on selected anthropometric and body composition measurements. Overweight/obese premenopausal women (n=76; age: 34.7±7.3 y) were randomly assigned to a Yogurt (YL, n=41) or Exchange (EXG, n=35) group. Diet plans included an energy‐restricted (ER; 1500 or 1700 kcal/d), moderate‐protein pattern including Yoplait® Light twice/d plus 2–3 additional servings of non‐fat dairy/d (YL) or an ER, standard‐protein pattern including 3 servings of non‐fat dairy/d (EXG). Women walked 30–40 min/d. Changes were measured from baseline to 12 wks of WL followed by 12 wks of WL maintenance and analyzed using 2×3 MANCOVA with repeated measures. From baseline to wk 24, women in YL and EXG groups, respectively, had decreases in body weight (−5.5±4.5 vs −5.8±4.5 kg, p<0.05), body mass index (−2.1±1.6 vs −2.1±1.6 kg/m2, p<0.05), waist (−4.9±3.6 vs −5.2±3.7 cm, p<0.001) and hip circumferences (−5.4±4.4 vs −5.2±4.1 cm, p<0.01), and fat mass (−4.6±3.8 vs −4.7±3.9 kg, p<0.05), with no significant differences in variables between groups during the 24 wks. These significant changes from baseline largely occurred during the 12 wks of WL. Beneficial changes in anthropometric and body composition measurements can be attained and maintained with a structured, ER, moderate‐protein diet plan including non‐fat dairy.

Funded by The Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
Low‐calorie sweetener use is increasing in the United States
Authors: Sylvetsky Allison Cara , Welsh Jean A , Vos Miriam B
Published: June 2021

Low‐calorie sweetener use is increasing in the United States Assumed to reduce total caloric intake while maintaining palatability, low‐calorie sweeteners (LCS) have emerged as alternatives to added sugars. As little is known about LCS intake in the U.S., our study aimed to assess recent national trends in consumption. We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected in five 2‐year cycles from 1999–00 to 2007–08. Dietary sources of LCS were identified using NHANES food descriptions. Prevalence of consumption nationally and by age, race, weight, and gender subgroups was estimated 24‐hour dietary recall data. Wald's chi‐square test was used to evaluate subgroup differences and linear trends in intake. In 2007–08, 28% of Americans ≥ 2 years reported consuming ≥ 1 food or beverage containing LCS in the previous 24 hours, an increase of 25% from 1999–00 (p <.0001). Among children, consumption of beverage sources nearly tripled from 6% to 17% (p<.0001). In 2007–08, LCS consumption was higher with age in children (p=.04) and adults (p<.0001), with white respondents and females accounting for the largest proportion of consumers (p<.0001). Obesity (BMI ≥30 adults, ≥ 95th percentile children) was positively associated with LCS consumption in adults (p<.0001), but did not reach significance in children. LCS consumption has risen significantly in the U.S. Further research is needed to understand the health impacts of this trend.
Effects of a Novel Dietary Portion Control Program on Energy Intake, Energy Density, and Weight Loss
Authors: Freed Cassi , Fawcett Sarah , Weber-Dewitt Darlene , Melby Chris
Published: June 2021

Background

Food portion sizes have increased in the U.S. which contributes to excess energy intake.

Objective

We determined the effect on body weight, energy intake, and dietary energy density of a portion control program (Lifesize®) that encourages free choice of foods, but limits portion sizes while allowing unlimited consumption of fruits, vegetables, and low‐ fat dairy.

Methods

22 overweight and obese subjects (n= 19 females, n=3 males; X (SD) age= 40(12); X BMI= 30.0(2.4) kg/m2) completed a 12‐week portion‐control program. Participants used measuring devices to limit quantities of energy‐dense foods. Body weights were recorded bi‐ weekly and 3‐day dietary records were collected at baseline, and weeks 1,6, and 12.

Results

Reported energy intake during the 12 weeks decreased by ~500 kcal/d compared to baseline, and mean weight loss was 2.4 kg. Relative intake of fruits and vegetables significantly increased from baseline at week 1 (X=+125.9 g/1000Kcal), week 6 (X= +80.7 g/1000Kcal), and week 12 (X= +192.6 g/1000Kcal). Despite free access to ‘favorite foods’, participants’ energy density (kcal/g food) was significantly decreased.

Conclusion

Including favorite foods while limiting portion sizes and allowing unlimited intake of fruit, vegetables and low‐fat dairy may be an effective approach to lowering dietary energy density to elicit weight loss. Funded by Lifesize®
Parthenolide's anti‐leukemic stem cell activity is enhanced by the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and 9
Authors: Spagnuolo Paul , Hurren Rose , Gronda Marcela , MacLean Neil , Schimmer Aaron
Published: June 2021

Parthenolide (PTL) is the bioactive component of the medicinal plant, Feverfew, and is sold as an herbal extract for the treatment of migraines. It induces specific toxicity to leukemia stem cells; however, PTL also activates cell protective effects that limit its clinical application. Therefore, we sought to identify agents that synergistically enhance PTL's stem cell cytotoxicity. Using a high‐throughput combination drug screen, we identified the oral hypoglycemic, vildagliptin, which synergized with PTL to induce death of the leukemia stem cell line, TEX (combination index (CI) = 0.36 and 0.16, at EC 50 and 80, respectively; where CI < 1 denotes statistical synergy). The combination of PTL and vildagliptin reduced the viability of cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients but had no effect on the viability of normal human peripheral blood stem cells. The basis for synergy was independent of vildagliptin's primary action as an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4. Rather, using chemical and genetic approaches we demonstrated that the synergy was due to inhibition of the related enzymes DPP 8 and 9. In summary, these results highlight DPP 8 and 9 inhibition as a novel chemosensitizing strategy in leukemia stem cells. Moreover, these results suggest that the combination of vildagliptin and PTL could be useful for the treatment of leukemia.
The Major Metabolites of 5‐Hydroxy Nobiletin Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide‐induced Inflammation in Macrophages
Authors: Xiao Hang , Guo Shanshan , Zheng Jinkai , Wu Xian
Published: June 2021

Our previous studies have demonstrated anti‐carcinogenic effects of 5‐hydroxy nobiletin (5HN), a unique polymethoxyflavone isolated from citrus fruits. We have identified three major urinary metabolites of 5HN in the mice, i.e. 3′,4′,5‐trihydroxy nobiletin (M1), 3′,5‐dihydroxy nobiletin (M2), and 4′,5‐dihydroxy nobiletin (M3). Herein, we studied the anti‐inflammatory effects of 5HN and these metabolites in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Cell viability assay indicated that 5HN, M1 and M2 at up to 10 μM did not have any toxicity on macrophages, while M3 did not show toxicity at up to 50 μM. Within these non‐toxic concentrations, 5HN and M2 showed marginal inhibitory effects on LPS‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages, whereas M1 and M3 showed 76% and 99% inhibition, respectively. Consistent with these results, M1 and M3 showed a dose‐dependent inhibition on the protein levels of iNOS in LPS‐treated macrophages. Moreover, real time qRT‐PCR indicated that M1 and M3 dose‐dependently suppressed mRNA levels of iNOS. Our results further demonstrated that M1 and M3 also significantly suppressed LPS‐induced production of IL‐1, which was associated with decreased mRNA levels of IL‐1. In conclusion, the urinary metabolites of 5HN in mice, i.e. M1 and M3 showed much stronger anti‐inflammatory effects than 5HN in LPS‐treated macrophages.
Influence of Dietary Red Palm Oil on Antioxidant Status in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ayeleso Ademola , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi , Brooks Nicole
Published: June 2021

Antioxidant status in male rats following the dietary consumption of red palm oil (RPO) was investigated. Male wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=5) received no RPO supplementation and served as the control while group 2 (n=6) and 3 (n=6) received 2ml and 4ml RPO respectively. Plasma total polyphenols, plasma antioxidant capacity i.e. oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) as well as liver and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] levels were determined using established techniques. Our results showed no significant differences (p<0.05) in total polyphenols, ORAC and FRAP in palm oil fed groups when compared with the control group. Catalase levels significantly increased (p<0.05) at both 2ml and 4ml RPO in the liver and erythrocyte. There was no significant difference in the liver GPx levels in palm oil fed groups while erythrocyte GPx level significantly increased at 4ml RPO when compared with the control group. Red palm oil did not significantly increase (p<0.05) liver and erythrocyte SOD levels in all the groups when compared with the control group. In conclusion, red palm oil increased the levels of liver and erythrocyte catalase as well as erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase level and hence, its dietary consumption could help to boost antioxidant status in the body and thus promote good health.

Source of Research Support‐ University Research Funding provided by Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
Diverse Effects of a Low Dose Supplement of Lipidated Curcumin in Healthy Middle Aged People
Authors: DiSilvestro Robert A , Joseph Elizabeth , Bomser Joshua
Published: June 2021

Curcumin extracts of turmeric are proposed to produce health benefits. However, such supplements often show poor absorption and have generally been tested just in people with existing health problems. In a new study, healthy middle aged men and women were given a low dose (80 mg) of curcumin in a form expected to have good absorption (LONGVIDA®, a mix of curcumin +stearic acid+lecithin+other ingredients). Curcumin (N=19), but not placebo (N=19), had diverse effects: lowered plasma triglyceride values, lowered salivary amylase levels, raised salivary radical scavenging capacities, raised plasma catalase activities, lowered plasma beta amyloid protein concentrations, lowered plasma sICAM readings, increased plasma myeloperoxidase without increased c‐reactive protein, increased plasma nitric oxide, and decreased plasma alanine amino transferase activities. Collectively, these results show that a low dose of a curcumin can produce a variety of potentially health promoting effects in healthy middle aged people. Although the study did not measure curcumin absorption directly, the effects on multiple body measures suggests efficient absorption. The work was supported by Verdure Sciences.
Sorghum genotype decrease low‐grade inflammation, oxidative stress and maintained intestinal morphology in rats fed with high‐fat diet
Authors: Martino Hercia S.D. , Moraes Erica A. , Natal Dorina I.G. , Queiroz Valeria A.V. , Schaffert Robert E. , Ribeiro Sonia M.R.
Published: June 2021

Obesity has been linked to the low‐grade pro‐inflammatory state and to the oxidative stress. The dietary addition of whole grains could prevent obesity and co‐morbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sorghum genotype, heat‐treated flours in high‐fat diets on the lipid profile, blood glucose, oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal morphology in male adult Wistar rats. The animals were fed AIN‐93M diet, high‐fat diet control (DHC) and high‐fat diet supplemented with sorghum BRS 305 (DHS 305), BRS 309 (DHS 309) and BRS 310 (DHS 310). The food consumption of the AIN‐93M group was higher than the DHC, DHS 305 and DHS 310 groups (p<0.05). The energy consumption, final weight, body weight gain, epididymal fat, and food efficiency ratio were similar (p>0.05) between the experimental groups, as well as the concentrations of glucose, fructosamine, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes and superoxide dismutase. The DHS 310 group showed lower levels of malondialdehyde and TNF‐¦Á (p<0.05). The intestinal villi height of the DHC, DHS 305, DHS 309 and DHS 310 groups did not differ (p¡Ý 0.05). The BRS 310 genotype was more efficient to decrease low‐grade inflammation and oxidative stress; and maintained intestinal morphology. Research Support:FAPEMIG and CNPq/Brazil
Turmeric and Black Pepper Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation in Cooked Burger
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Li Zhaoping , Lee Ru-Po , Huang Jianjun , Henning Susanne , Heber David
Published: June 2021

Background

Turmeric has been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation on an equal weight basis by comparison to other herbs. Black pepper has been reported to have synergetic effects with turmeric on inhibition of lipid oxidation. This study was designed to investigate effects of different combinations of turmeric and black pepper powders on lipid peroxidation during cooking of burgers.

Methods

Hamburger patties were prepared in the kitchen of the UCLA General Clinical Research Center. The contents of curcuminoids in turmeric powder, piperine in black pepper powder and in cooked burgers were quantified by HPLC‐UV. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive substances were reported as the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as an index of lipid peroxidation in hamburger meat after during cooking.

Results

Concentration of curcuminoids in turmeric powder is 42.1 mg/g; 40.1 mg/g of piperine is in black pepper powder.

The MDA level reduced 45% and 46% when burger cooked with a combination of turmeric root powder (3.0 g per burger) with two levels of black pepper (0.36 and 1.08 grams per burger) comparing with salt and any of those using alone. (25% for turmeric powder along and 0% for black pepper powder alone)

A proper ratio of turmeric and black pepper to optimally reduce the MDA production in hamburgers while retaining palatability for a human study is (0.36 grams of black pepper and 3 grams of turmeric powder for one burger).

Conclusion

Proper combination of turmeric and black pepper inhibit lipid peroxidation during cooking burgers.
Angiotensinogen gene silencing in adipocytes reduces markers of inflammation and lipid accumulation
Authors: Xin Wenting , Kalupahana Nishan S , Booker Suzanne L , Siriwardhana Nalin , Saxton Arnold M , Moustaid-Moussa Naima
Published: June 2021

Angiotensinogen (Agt), the only known precursor for the hypertensive hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II), is expressed in adipose tissue. Studies from our laboratory and others have provided evidence linking adipocyte‐derived Agt to obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. To further determine the direct contribution of adipose Agt to these disorders, we generated 3T3‐L1 cells stably transfected with Agt‐shRNA or scrambled‐shRNA sequences, to determine changes in metabolic and inflammatory markers as well as global transcriptional alterations caused by Agt silencing. Adipocytes lacking Agt exhibited significantly reduced levels of Ang II, triglycerides and lipogenic gene expression, consistent with decreased PPAR‐γ activity. Knockdown of the Agt gene also downregulated several adipose tissue inflammatory markers including IL6, TNF‐α and MCP‐1. Furthermore, microarray and qRT‐PCR analyses revealed several candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways, which were differentially regulated by Agt; these included NOD1, a novel Pattern Recognition Receptor, the acute phase protein SAA3, the transcription factor STAT1 and the chemokine CXCL12, all of which were down regulated by Agt silencing. In conclusion, our findings suggest that adipose Agt plays a critical role in adipose tissue expansion and the associated inflammation and metabolic complications.

Grant Funding Source: UT Obesity Research Center and TN AgResearch
Development and application of a diet quality indicator for vulnerable households in El Salvador
Authors: Fuster Melissa , Houser Robert , Messer Ellen , de Fulladolsa Patricia Palma , Deman Hedi , Bemudez Odilia
Published: June 2021

Individual‐level dietary quality (DQ) indicators developed in affluent settings have been applied in resource‐poor populations undergoing nutritional transitions. However, those DQ indicators usually fail to reflect local food patterns and nutritional issues in these countries, where, in addition, dietary intake information is often collected at the household level. This study addressed these issues by developing a household‐level DQ indicator applied to a sample of 140 households from poor, vulnerable communities in El Salvador, from which we obtained food consumption and socio‐demographic data. Using the Salvadorian Dietary Guidelines, 18 components were identified (9 foods and 9 nutrients). We applied a prorated scoring system from 0–1 for each component, penalizing over‐and under‐consumption. The indicator was validated in consultations with experts in El Salvador and statistical analyses with our study sample. The resulting index had a mean score of 11.4 (7.6–16.2). The indicator showed a positive, significant association with dietary variety indicators. Other statistical associations were as predicted for observed nutrient and food intakes. Based on the indicator demonstrated face validity and expert consultations, the indicator is a good measure of diet quality for households in El Salvador.

The research was supported by the Regional Program of Food Security in Central America.

Grant Funding Source: PRESANCA
A novel food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess usual seasonal intakes in rural Nepalese women
Authors: Kramer Rebecca , West Keith P. , Talegawkar Sameera A. , Christian Parul
Published: June 2021

Few tools exist to assess usual dietary intake of seasonally available foods, despite those foods’ contribution to micronutrient status in a rural South Asian context. This analysis aimed to assess the accuracy with which a novel FFQ captured women's consumption of seasonal foods. In a population study of 15,899 women in 2006–8 in southern Nepal, we administered a two‐part FFQ designed to assess (1) usual intake of foods available seasonally and year round and (2) intake of FFQ foods during the past 7 days. Agreement between 7 day and usual FFQ responses was assessed with Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Rice (median: 13, IQR: 7–13), vegetable oil (13, 13–13), and potatoes (10, 5–13) were the most frequently consumed foods based on past 7 day intake. In season past 7 day intake of seasonal foods was low (median intake 0 for 16 of 18 foods). Correlations between usual intake and past 7 day intake for seasonal fruits and vegetables during their in season periods were moderate (mean: 0.34, range: 0.12 – 0.58). Correlations for usual and past 7 day intakes of year round foods were good (mean: 0.61, range: 0.26 – 0.85). Correlations were greater than 0.50 for 17 of 18 year round foods with IQR> 0 for past 7 day intake. The seasonal FFQ is a promising instrument for assessing usual diet in a rural South Asian setting and may be improved by including foods consumed with sufficient variation in intake in this population.

Grant Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant #614)
Dietary risk factors associated with hypertension and diabetes among Filipino women
Authors: Lee Nanette R , Duazo Paulita L , Bas Isabelita N , Carba Delia B , Adair Linda S
Published: June 2021

We examined whether there are differences in dietary risk factors associated with having hypertension (HTN = blood pressure >=140/90 mmHg) only, DM (diabetes = fasting glucose >125 mg/dL) only, or both HTN and DM using data from 1,877 women (ages 35–68y) in the 2005 Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. About 24% had HTN only, 5% had DM only and 4% had both HTN/DM. Women consumed a mean of 14% of energy from protein and about 15% of them consumed >4600mg sodium/d. Main sources of protein were pork and products while sodium mostly came from table salt and other salty condiments added during cooking or at the table. Multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, waist circumference, overweight duration, physical activity and other confounders showed that compared to having no HTN or DM, high sodium intake was related to having HTN only [OR (95% CI): 1.5 (1.1, 2.0)] but not to DM only [0.89 (0.47, 1.70)]. Women with higher % protein intake were more likely to have both HTN/DM [1.07 (1.01, 1.12)] than have HTN only [1.0 (0.98, 1.03)] or DM only [1.02 (0.97, 1.07)]. Results suggest that although HTN and DM often co‐exist, it remains important to consider these diseases separately in designing diet programs. R01TW008288
Impaired physical function as barrier to glycemic control in older Panamanians with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bermudez Odilia , Dmytrasz Karen E. , Cornejo Luis Manuel
Published: June 2021

Objective

To assess associations between poor glycemic control (GC) and physical function in older adults with type 2 diabetes (dib2) from Panama.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study of 92 subjects, 60+y, with diab2. GC was estimated with Hemoglobin A1C. Handgrip (HG) strength was used to assess physical function. Obesity was estimated with BMI. Validated questionnaires were used to collect data on health behaviors, diab2 self‐management, use of medications, and physical activity. Linear and logistic regression models we used to test associations between handgrip strength and GC.

Results

Weaker HG strength was associated with older age. Participants with an average lower weight and BMI, those who were not obese, and those who used insulin, were associated with having poor GC. Men who did physical activity frequently had increased HG strength. There was no significant independent association between HG strength and GC.

Conclusions

The results support the need for further investigation of the causative relationship between physical function, diab2 self‐management and GC. There is also need to investigate other factors affecting diabetes management and GC including social and cultural approaches to maximizing patient management behaviors in order to promote GC and prevention of disease complications in the elderly with diab2.

Funding: Ross Aging Initiative at Tufts University
Maternal western style diet programs the development of fatty liver in mice
Authors: Plösch Torsten , Pruis Maurien , Lendvai Agnes , Zwier Mathijs , Groen Bert
Published: June 2021

Obesity in the mother is known to play a role in transmission of an obesogenic trait to the offspring. We here aimed to identify the underlying mechanism of metabolic programming by maternal nutrition.

Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a semi‐synthetic diet (LF, 10 kcal% fat and 18 mg/kg cholesterol) or a semi‐synthetic western style diet (WS, 45 kcal% fat and 196,5 mg/kg cholesterol) before and during gestation and lactation. From weaning on offspring received the LF diet or WS diet, resulting in four groups: LF/LF, LF/WS, WS/WS and WS/LF.

In male offspring prenatal exposure to WS diet led to a higher body weight in both postnatal diet groups. Liver size increased by 1.9 fold in WS/WS compared to LF/WS offspring (p<0.001), also associated with a rise in liver lipid concentrations. This increase in liver size was not seen in the WS/LF or LF/WS diet offspring. Histological markers were markedly exaggerated when offspring had been exposed to a WS diet during early developmental stages. Our data provide evidence that exposure to a WS diet in early developmental stages predisposes offspring to obesity and primes susceptibility to develop hepatic steatosis.
Maternal Serum Antioxidant Vitamins and Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Kerver Jean M , Holzman Claudia B , Tian Yan , Shroff Monal R , Evans Rhobert W
Published: June 2021

Antioxidants may be protective for underlying pathology that leads to poor pregnancy outcomes. In a subcohort sample (n=301 term; n=246 PTD) from the prospective Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health (POUCH) study, we examined associations between serum antioxidants and pregnancy outcomes. Serum collected at 16–27 weeks’ gestation was analyzed for carotenoids, retinol, and α‐ and γ‐tocopherol. Using logistic regression, antioxidant concentrations were dichotomized (>75%tile vs. below) and assessed in relation to 2 pregnancy outcomes: 1) timing of delivery with term as referent and preterm delivery (PTD) subdivided as spontaneous, premature rupture of membranes, or medically indicated; and 2) birth weight for gestational age modeled as small for gestational age (SGA) at <10%tile, appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) at >90%tile. In adjusted logistic models, protective effects were seen among women in the top quartile of total serum carotenoids for medically indicated PTD (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9) and for SGA (OR=0.2; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8). Among women in the top quartiles of serum α‐ and γ‐tocopherol, the aORs were significantly below 1 for SGA, but not after further adjustment for total serum cholesterol. SGA and medically indicated PTD both can arise from placental underperfusion, and this pathway may be protected by a threshold of maternal serum carotenoids.
The Epigenetic Basis of Cell Type Specificity
Authors: futscher bernard
Published: June 2021

Epigenetic mechanisms participate in the normal cellular regulation of a number of cell type‐specific miRNA and protein‐coding genes, and these mechanisms help impart normal cell identity and function. As such, disrupting the normal epigenetic state of these genes can result in a pathological cellular state. Since miRNAs can regulate many genes simultaneously, miRNA genes likely represent important nodes that help control normal cell identity and function, and their epigenetic disruption may be important in disease initiation and progression. With a focus on miRNAs relevant to normal and diseased breast and using genome‐wide approaches, we identified the cell type specific miRNAs that are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms in isogenic human mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts, each a major cell type present within the breast with their own distinct phenotypes and epigenotypes. Almost 10% of the expressed miRNA were linked to a cell type‐specific epigenetic regulation of their promoter. These cell type‐specific, epigenetically regulated miRNAs include a number previously linked to cancer, including MIR10A, MIR10B, MIR205, MIR200C/141 and MIR200A/200B/429. It is predicted that epigenetic dysfunction of cell type‐specific miRNAs participates in other complex human diseases, in addition to cancer.
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reshapes high fat diet‐induced microbiota and reduces its immunogenicity
Authors: Leone Vanessa A , Wang Yunwei , Devkota Suzanne , Musch Mark W , Antonopoulos Dionysios , Cook Mark E , Chang Eugene B
Published: June 2021

The composition of human gut microbiota has shifted over the last century, leading to increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Shifts in dietary intake to Westernized high fat high carbohydrate diet has influenced this phenomenon. Restoring gut microbiota to a less immunogenic state by altering diet to alleviate gut inflammation is a focus of our research. We hypothesized that supplementing conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), a group of fatty acids with anti‐inflammatory properties, in the presence of high fat diet would result in reshaping the gut microbiota to a less immunogenic state. Mice were fed 18% anhydrous milk fat (AMF) or 18% safflower oil diet with or without CLA for 3 weeks. Microbial 16s rRNA profiles of cecal contents were analyzed via Sanger‐based sequencing. Using wild type spleen‐derived dendritic cells, cecal lysate immunogenicity index was determined by comparing IL‐12p40/IL‐ 10 ratio after culture. Dietary CLA reshaped the enteric microbiota by increasing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to AMF alone and resulted in decreased δ‐proteobacteria. Lastly, CLA supplementation significantly reduced immunogenicity of cecal lysate. These data suggest dietary CLA supplementation can restore the gut microbiome in the presence of high fat diet and could have positive clinical implications for IBD patients.

Grant Funding Source : 5T32DK007074‐38
Fructose, high fructose corn syrup and sucrose solutions: a comparison of their effects on the hypothalamic control of food intake
Authors: Castonguay Thomas W , Colley Danielle
Published: June 2021

Fructose consumption can influence several systems that regulate food intake in ways that differ from those promoted by glucose intake. In particular fructose access uniquely leads to changes in several genes in the hypothalamus that have been linked to appetite control.

Rats were given access to food, water and one of several sugar solutions for 24 h, after which blood and tissues were collected. Separate 16% (w/v) solutions of glucose, sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, and fructose were tested. Despite differences in their sweetness, palatability and metabolic effects, all of the solutions were consumed in similar amounts. All groups given access to sugar consumed more calories than did controls. Overnight fructose access (as opposed to other sugars) led to a doubling of circulating triglycerides. Hypothalamic dopamine receptors 1a and 2 and Neuropeptide Y messages were upregulated in only the fructose fed rats. Hypothalamic Galanin, Brs3, AGRP, INSR, Gh1, Trhr, Atrn, NMB, TNF and Thrb were downregulated only in the fructose group. Unlike fructose, preliminary comparisons of sucrose and HFCS to glucose have failed to reveal any differences in these end points.

(Supported by a grant from the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station)
The association of ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms and clinical risk factors with nephropathy progression in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chung Hsin-Fang , Chen Pao-Shan , Long Kurt , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Huang Meng-Chuan
Published: June 2021

Genetic variation has been implicated to play some roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This prospective study examined if adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as clinical risk factors predict nephropathy progression in type 2 diabetes. A total of 571 subjects who participated in the DMIDS cohort and free of nephropathy at baseline were followed up for average 5 years. Urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR)≥30mg/g in two consecutive urine tests were used to define nephropathy progression (n=146). Five ADIPOQ tag SNPs were genotyped (rs1501299, rs182052, rs16861194, rs3821799, and rs7627128). Result showed that the distributions of SNP genotype frequencies were similar between progression and non‐progression groups (p>0.05), and all SNPs were not statistically associated with nephropathy progression. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, risk factors including HbA1C≥8% (HR=1.58, p=0.008) and education<6 years (HR=1.64, p=0.011) significantly predicted greater risk of nephropathy, and male gender (HR=1.35, p=0.096) and DM duration ≥10 years (HR=1.40, p=0.097) were marginally correlated. In conclusion, our data showed that ADIPOQ SNPs are not independent risk factors for incident nephropathy, but subjects with clinical characters such as low education and high HbA1C may appear to be high risk groups for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.