bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface-based analysis increases the specificity of cortical activation patterns and connectivity results
Authors: Brodoehl Stefan , Gaser Christian , Dahnke Robert , Witte Otto W. , Klingner Carsten M.
Published: March 2020

Spatial smoothing of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data can be performed on volumetric images and on the extracted surface of the brain. Smoothing on the unfolded cortex should theoretically improve the ability to separate signals between brain areas that are near together in the folded cortex but are more distant in the unfolded cortex. However, surface-based method approaches (SBA) are currently not utilized as standard procedure in the preprocessing of neuroimaging data. Recent improvements in the quality of cortical surface modeling and improvements in its usability nevertheless advocate this method. In the current study, we evaluated the benefits of an up-to-date surface-based smoothing in comparison to volume-based smoothing. We focused on the effect of signal contamination between different functional systems using the primary motor and primary somatosensory cortex as an example. We were particularly interested in how this signal contamination influences the results of activity and connectivity analyses for these brain regions. We addressed this question by performing fMRI on 19 subjects during a tactile stimulation paradigm and by using simulated BOLD responses. We demonstrated that volume-based smoothing causes contamination of the primary motor cortex by somatosensory cortical responses, leading to false positive motor activation. These false positive motor activations were not found by using surface-based smoothing for reasonable kernel sizes. Accordingly, volume-based smoothing caused an exaggeration of connectivity estimates between these regions. In conclusion, this study showed that surface-based smoothing decreases signal contamination considerably between neighboring functional brain regions and improves the validity of activity and connectivity results.
Author Correction: Dissecting the properties of neutron star–black hole mergers originating in dense star clusters
Authors: Sedda Manuel Arca
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Structural studies of a manganese(iii) complex with spin-crossover and thermochromic properties
Authors: Villaman David , McMonagle Charles J. , Probert Michael R. , Peña Octavio , Moreno Yanko , Fuentealba Mauricio
Published: March 2020

A new MnIII complex exhibits a gradual spin crossover phenomenon with single crystal thermochromism. A comparative structural study was conducted using octahedral deviation parameters.
Importance of intersystem crossing in the C(3P) + SiH4 reaction
Authors: Mandal Mrinmoy , Mahata Prabhash , Maiti Biswajit
Published: March 2020

The contribution of intersystem crossing (ISC) in the C(3P) + SiH4 reaction that leads to products formation in the singlet electronic state is investigated using a direct dynamics trajectory surface hopping (TSH) method with Tully's fewest switches algorithm.
Resistive switching effect and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles embedded-polyvinyl alcohol film
Authors: Nguyen Hai Hung , Ta Hanh Kieu Thi , Park Sungkyun , Phan Thang Bach , Pham Ngoc Kim
Published: March 2020

Bipolar resistive switching behavior of iron oxide nanoparticles embedded into polyvinyl alcohol matrix.
Synthesis, crystal structures, HF-EPR, and magnetic properties of six-coordinate transition metal (Co, Ni, and Cu) compounds with a 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff-base ligand
Authors: Zhang Ya-Jie , Yin Lei , Li Jing , Hu Zhao-Bo , Ouyang Zhong-Wen , Song You , Wang Zhenxing
Published: March 2020

We have synthesized a series of transition metal compounds [M(L)2(H2O)2] (M = Co (1), Ni (2), and Cu (3)) by using the 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff-base ligand via the hydrothermal methods.
Effect of lignite as support precursor on deep desulfurization performance of semicoke supported zinc oxide sorbent in hot coal gas
Authors: Li Ting , Ren Xiurong , Bao Liuxu , Wang Meijun , Bao Weiren , Chang Liping
Published: March 2020

Effect of lignite as support precursor on desulfurization performance of semicoke supported zinc oxide sorbent.
H2S-releasing amphiphilic dipeptide hydrogels are potentS. aureusbiofilm disruptors
Authors: Qian Yun , Altamimi Afnan , Yates Shaina Alston , Sarkar Santu , Cochran Matthew , Zhou Mingjun , Levi-Polyachenko Nicole , Matson John B.
Published: March 2020

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous signaling gas, and exogenous H2S administration has the potential for promoting wound healing. Here we investigate the antimicrobial effects of H2S-releasing hydrogels in the context of burn wound healing.
Balancing the thickness of sensitizing and inert layers in neodymium-sensitized tetralayer nanoconstructs for optimal ultraviolet upconversion and near-infrared cross-linked hydrogel tissue sealants
Authors: Yu Zhongzheng , Chun Yong Yao , Xue Jingwen , Tan Jodie Zu Yi , Chan Wen Kiat , Cai Weizheng , Zhang Yan , Tan Timothy Thatt Yang
Published: March 2020

Balancing the thickness of sensitizing and inert layers in neodymium-sensitized tetralayer nanoconstructs for optimal ultraviolet upconversion.
Non-thermal plasma induced photocatalytic conversion of light alkanes into high value-added liquid chemicals under near ambient conditions
Authors: wang Aiguo , Meng Shijun , Song Hua
Published: March 2020

Non-thermal plasma induced photocatalytic transformation of light alkanes into high value-added liquid fuels or chemicals over Ti–Ga/UZSM-5 under near ambient conditions.
2,3-Dimethoxyindolines: a latent electrophile for SNAr reactions triggered by indium catalysts
Authors: Hirao Seiya , Yamashiro Toshiki , Kohira Kyouka , Mishima Naoki , Abe Takumi
Published: March 2020

An unprecedented utilization of 2,3-dimethoxyindolines (DiMeOINs) as a latent electrophile in regioselective In-catalyzed aromatic substitutions has been reported.
Facile CO2 separation and subsequent H2 production via chemical-looping combustion over ceria–zirconia solid solutions
Authors: Warren Kent J. , Hill Caroline M. , Carrillo Richard J. , Scheffe Jonathan R.
Published: March 2020

Ceria–zirconia solid solutions can facilitate the carbon-neutral conversion of CH4 into separate streams of sequestrable CO2 and pure H2.
Structure and C⋯N tetrel-bonding of the isopropylamine–CO2 complex studied by microwave spectroscopy and theoretical calculations
Authors: Lu Tao , Zhang Jiaqi , Gou Qian , Feng Gang
Published: March 2020

The structural and energetic features of C⋯N tetrel bond and C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds linking CO2 and aliphatic amines were characterized with rotational spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
An experimental and steered molecular dynamics simulation approach to histidine assisted liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite into few-layer graphene
Authors: Elumalai Satheeshkumar , Bathir Jaber Simahudeen , Chandrasekaran Suryanarayanan , Ogawa Makoto
Published: March 2020

Solution-processing method for exfoliation of graphite was proposed. Histidine was used as an exfoliating agent for the exfoliation of graphite in water by sonication.
Bulky bis(aryl)triazenides: just aspiring amidinates? A structural and spectroscopic study
Authors: Gyton Matthew R. , Leverett Anthony R. , Cole Marcus L. , McKay Alasdair I.
Published: March 2020

The triazenide ligand is compared to the isoelectronic formamidinate with regards donor capacity, coordination chemistry and capacity to stabilise reactive main group species.
Phosphacycloalkyldiones: synthesis and coordinative behaviour of 6- and 7-member cyclic diketophosphanyls
Authors: Pearce Kyle G. , Simenok Vladimir , Crossley Ian R.
Published: March 2020

Condensation of glutaryl and adipoyl chlorides with bis(silyl)phosphanes RP(SiMe3)2 (R = Me, nBu, tBu, Ph, Mes) affords the conformationally fluxional phosphacycloalkyldiones (CH2)n(CO)2PR (n = 3, 4); their coordination behaviour is explored.
Disordered wax platelets onTradescantia pallidaleaves create golden shine
Authors: van de Kerkhof Gea T. , Schertel Lukas , Poon Rebecca Nokjan , Jacucci Gianni , Glover Beverley J. , Vignolini Silvia
Published: March 2020

Disordered arrangement of wax platelets onTradescantialeaves increase long wavelength reflectance, contrary to the commonly observed UV-protection mechanism.
Quantitatively controllable fluid flows with ballpoint-pen-printed patterns for programmable photo-paper-based microfluidic devices
Authors: Soum Veasna , Park Sooyong , Brilian Albertus Ivan , Choi Jae-Youl , Lee Yongwoo , Kim Wonjung , Kwon Oh-Sun , Shin Kwanwoo
Published: March 2020

A precise, simple, and inexpensive method for controlling fluid flow in a photo-paper-based microfluidic device was reported.
Liquid metal nanocomposites
Authors: Malakooti Mohammad H. , Bockstaller Michael R. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Majidi Carmel
Published: March 2020

This is a progress report on liquid metal (LM) nanocomposites with focus on synthesis of LM nanodroplets, suspension of nanodroplets within various matrix materials, and methods for incorporating metallic nanoparticles within an LM matrix.
Strong proton-shared hydrogen bonding in a methyl imidazole⋯HCl complex: evidence from matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations
Authors: Sarkar Shubhra , Sruthi P. K. , Ramanathan N. , Sundararajan K.
Published: March 2020

Evidence for proton-shared hydrogen bonding is provided in a methyl imidazole⋯HCl complex using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations.
Binding study on 1-adamantylalkyl(benz)imidazolium salts to cyclodextrins and cucurbit[n]urils
Authors: Jelínková Kristýna , Kovačević Jelica , Wrzecionková Eva , Prucková Zdeňka , Rouchal Michal , Dastychová Lenka , Vícha Robert
Published: March 2020

Adamantane-based imidazolium salts with flexible linkers between the adamantane cage and imidazolium core were prepared. Their supramolecular behaviour towards the natural cyclodextrins α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD and cucurbit[n]urils (n = 7, 8) was studied.
In situ formation of H-bonding imidazole chains in break-junction experiments
Authors: Wu Chuanli , Alqahtani Aminah , Sangtarash Sara , Vezzoli Andrea , Sadeghi Hatef , Robertson Craig M. , Cai Chenxin , Lambert Colin J. , Higgins Simon J. , Nichols Richard J.
Published: March 2020

Imidazole forms oligomeric chains connecting two gold nano-electrodes that facilitate efficient charge transport, with water included in aqueous solutions.
Transparent photoactuators based on localized-surface-plasmon-resonant semiconductor nanocrystals: a platform for camouflage soft robots
Authors: Huang Feng , Weng Mingcen , Feng Zhuohong , Li Xiao , Zhang Wei , Chen Luzhuo
Published: March 2020

Transparent photoactuators are fabricated based on localized-surface-plasmon-resonant semiconductor nanocrystals (CuS, W18O49 and ITO), showing a passive camouflage function for soft robots.
From low to high-index facets of noble metal nanocrystals: a way forward to enhance the performance of electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Woldu Abebe Reda
Published: March 2020

The high-index facets of noble metal NCs exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity in CO2 reduction reaction than the low-index facets due to the presence of greater density of low-coordinated atoms.
N- & S-co-doped carbon nanofiber network embedded with ultrafine NiCo nanoalloy for efficient oxygen electrocatalysis and Zn–air batteries
Authors: Liu Chaojun , Wang Zhuang , Zong Xin , Jin Yingmin , Li Dong , Xiong Yueping , Wu Gang
Published: March 2020

A 3D carbon nanofiber network embedded with ultrafine nanoparticles is prepared by electrospinning. Thioacetamide is used to prevent the aggregation of active sites.
A high-activity bimetallic OER cocatalyst for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting of BiVO4
Authors: Hu Ruolin , Meng Linxing , Zhang Jiaxu , Wang Xiang , Wu Sijie , Wu Zhou , Zhou Rui , Li Liang , Li Dong-Sheng , Wu Tao
Published: March 2020

High-activity bimetallic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) cocatalyst for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting of BiVO4.
Enhanced motility in a binary mixture of active nano/microswimmers
Authors: Debnath Debajyoti , Ghosh Pulak Kumar , Misko Vyacheslav R. , Li Yunyun , Marchesoni Fabio , Nori Franco
Published: March 2020

The proposed mechanism of motility transfer from more active to less active species allows enhancing the motility of active nano-/microswimmers,e.g., Janus particles, as agents of chemical reactions, or weak sperm cells, for better fertilization.
Rust-derived Fe2O3 nanoparticles as a green catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of hydrazinyl thiazole derivatives
Authors: Gurav Rutikesh , Surve Santosh Kumar , Babar Santosh , Choudhari Prafulla , Patil Devashree , More Vikramsinh , Sankpal Sandeep , Hangirgekar Shankar
Published: March 2020

A novel route of one-pot multicomponent reaction of tosylates, aryl aldehydes and thiosemicarbazide for the synthesis of hydrazinyl thiazole is reported using Fe2O3 NPs derived from rust iron as a catalyst.
Enantioselective synthesis of chiral α-alkynylated thiazolidones by tandemS-addition/acetalization of alkynyl imines
Authors: Wang Mei-Xin , Liu Juan , Liu Zhen , Wang Yingcheng , Yang Qi-Qiong , Shan Wenyu , Deng Yu-Hua , Shao Zhihui
Published: March 2020

A SPINOL-CPA catalyzed asymmetric [2 + 3]-annulation ofin situgenerated alkynyl imines and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol has been developed to afford enantiopure α-alkynylated thiazolidones.
C-Glycosylation enabled by N-(glycosyloxy)acetamides
Authors: Liu Miao , Li Bo-Han , Li Tian , Wu Xia , Liu Meng , Xiong De-Cai , Ye Xin-Shan
Published: March 2020

An effective C-glycosylation protocol using N-(glycosyloxy)acetamides as donors promoted by SnBr4 has been developed, delivering alkyl C-glycosides and aryl-β-C-glycosides in high yields.
Mixed mechanisms of bond exchange in covalent adaptable networks: monitoring the contribution of reversible exchange and reversible addition in thiol–succinic anhydride dynamic networks
Authors: Podgórski Maciej , Spurgin Nathan , Mavila Sudheendran , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: March 2020

Thioester anhydride reversible addition and thiol–thioester reversible exchange are discussed as two competing mechanisms dictating the dynamic response in thiol–succinic anhydride dynamic networks.
Metallopolymer-block-oligosaccharide for sub-10 nm microphase separation
Authors: Katsuhara Satoshi , Mamiya Hiroaki , Yamamoto Takuya , Tajima Kenji , Isono Takuya , Satoh Toshifumi
Published: March 2020

The novel high-χ BCPs comprising poly(vinyl ferrocene) and oligosaccharides formed hexagonal cylinder morphology with d values of ∼8 nm. Lamellar morphology with d values of ∼9 nm was also realized by mixing these polymers and glucose.
Influence of surface charge on the formulation of elongated PEG-b-PDLLA nanoparticles
Authors: Ridolfo Roxane , Williams David S. , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: March 2020

Amphiphilic PEG-PDLLA copolymers undergo assembly into polymersomes and can be transformed into tubular shapes using dialysis. By fine-tuning the shape change conditions also amine- and carboxylic acid modified polymersomes can now be effectively turned into tubes.
Synthesis of well-defined heteroglycopolymers via combining sequential click reactions and PPM: the effects of linker and heterogeneity on Con A binding
Authors: Liu Meina , Wang Xingyou , Miao Dengyun , Wang Caiyun , Deng Wei
Published: March 2020

A versatile post- polymerization modification strategy to synthesize well-defined glycopolymers via the combination of RAFT polymerization and sequential CuAAC and thiol–ene click reactions was developed.
Controlled synthesis of ultrathin MoS2nanoflowers for highly enhanced NO2sensing at room temperature
Authors: Thang Nguyen Tat , Hong Le Thi , Thoan Nguyen Hoang , Hung Chu Manh , Van Duy Nguyen , Van Hieu Nguyen , Hoa Nguyen Duc
Published: March 2020

Controlled synthesis of ultrathin MoS2nanoflowers is crucial to develop a high-performance room-temperature NO2gas sensor for the future integration of sensors into smart, portable and Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based devices.
Effective hydrogenation of carbonates to produce methanol over a ternary Cu/Zn/Al catalyst
Authors: Li Jiachen , Wang Liguo , Hui Xiang , Zhang Chanjuan , Cao Yan , Xu Shuang , He Peng , Li Huiquan
Published: March 2020

The valence distribution of copper species in ternary Cu/Zn/Al catalysts have significant influence on diethyl carbonate hydrogenation to produce methanol.
Synthesis and investigation of sulfonated poly(p-phenylene)-based ionomers with precisely controlled ion exchange capacity for use as polymer electrolyte membranes
Authors: Yoshida-Hirahara Miru , Takahashi Satoshi , Yoshizawa-Fujita Masahiro , Takeoka Yuko , Rikukawa Masahiro
Published: March 2020

Poly(p-phenylene)-based sulfonated polymers with well-controlled IECs were synthesizedviaa three-step procedure including preceding sulfonation of precursor monomers.
Polymer reinforced carbon fiber interfaces for high energy density structural lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Moyer Kathleen , Boucherbil Nora Ait , Zohair Murtaza , Eaves-Rathert Janna , Pint Cary L.
Published: March 2020

Interface engineering enables a practical multifunctional advantage in a structural battery.
Identification of functionality of heteroatoms in boron, nitrogen and fluorine ternary-doped carbon as a robust electrocatalyst for nitrogen reduction reaction powered by rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Zhang Quan , Luo Fang , Ling Ying , Xiao Shenglin , Li Min , Qu Konggang , Wang Yangang , Xu Jingxiang , Cai Weiwei , Yang Zehui
Published: March 2020

Efficient nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) catalysis relies on the active sites of the electrocatalyst being capable of adsorption of hydrogen ions and nitrogen molecules.
Post-synthetic modification of porous materials: superprotonic conductivities and membrane applications in fuel cells
Authors: Kang Dong Won , Kang Minjung , Hong Chang Seop
Published: March 2020

This review provides a comprehensive overview of post-synthetic modification of porous materials to synthesize superprotonic solid electrolytes and their membranes and explore their applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Non-fullerene small molecule acceptors with three-dimensional thiophene/selenophene-annulated perylene diimides for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Pan Jiawei , Wang Ling , Chen Wei , Sang Shenglong , Sun Hua , Wu Bo , Hang Xiao-Chun , Sun Zhengyi , Huang Wei
Published: March 2020

Three-dimensional non-fullerene acceptors with a spiro core linked with S/Se fused perylene diimides possess appropriate energy levels, twisted molecular configuration and high carrier mobility, leading to a PCE of 6.95% for organic solar cells.
Anisothermal densification kinetics of the cold sintering process below 150 °C
Authors: Bang Sun Hwi , Ndayishimiye Arnaud , Randall Clive A.
Published: March 2020

Cold sintering is an emerging non-equilibrium process methodology that densifies ceramic powder at significantly reduced temperature and time, and its sintering kinetics can be identified by controlling four densification process variables.
The expansion of stripped-envelope stars: Consequences for supernovae and gravitational-wave progenitors
Authors: Laplace E. , Götberg Y. , de Mink S. E. , Justham S. , Farmer R.
Published: March 2020

Massive binaries that merge as compact objects are the progenitors of gravitational-wave sources. Most of these binaries experience one or more phases of mass transfer, during which one of the stars loses all or part of its outer envelope and becomes a stripped-envelope star. The evolution of the size of these stripped stars is crucial in determining whether they experience further interactions and understanding their ultimate fate. We present new calculations of stripped-envelope stars based on binary evolution models computed with MESA. We use these to investigate their radius evolution as a function of mass and metallicity. We further discuss their pre-supernova observable characteristics and potential consequences of their evolution on the properties of supernovae from stripped stars. At high metallicity, we find that practically all of the hydrogen-rich envelope is removed, which is in agreement with earlier findings. Only progenitors with initial masses below 10 M⊙ expand to large radii (up to 100 R⊙), while more massive progenitors remain compact. At low metallicity, a substantial amount of hydrogen remains and the progenitors can, in principle, expand to giant sizes (> 400 R⊙) for all masses we consider. This implies that they can fill their Roche lobe anew. We show that the prescriptions commonly used in population synthesis models underestimate the stellar radii by up to two orders of magnitude. We expect that this has consequences for the predictions for gravitational-wave sources from double neutron star mergers, particularly with regard to their metallicity dependence.
Identification of 3XMM J000511.8+634018 as a new polar at Porb = 133.5 min – is it inside or outside the period gap?
Authors: Schwope A. D. , Worpel H. , Webb N. A. , Koliopanos F. , Guillot S.
Published: March 2020

Aims. We aimed to identify the variable X-ray source 3XMM J000511.8+634018, which was serendipitously discovered through routine inspections while the 3XMM catalogue was compiled.

Methods. We analysed the archival XMM-Newton observation of the source, obtained BUSCA photometry in three colours, and performed optical spectroscopy with the LBT. These data were supplemented by archival observations from the Zwicky Transient Facility.

Results. Based on its optical and X-ray properties, 3XMM J000511.8+634018 is classified as a magnetic cataclysmic variable, or polar. The flux is modulated with a period of 2.22 h (8009.1 ± 0.2 s), which we identify with the orbital period. The bright phases are highly variable in X-ray luminosity from one cycle to the next. The source shows a thermal plasma spectrum typical of polars without evidence of a luminous soft blackbody-like component. It is non-eclipsing and displays one-pole accretion. The X-ray and BUSCA light curves show a stream absorption dip, which suggests an inclination 50° < i <  75°. The phasing of this feature, which occurs at the end of the bright phase, requires a somewhat special accretion geometry with a stream running far around the white dwarf before it is magnetically channelled. The period of this polar falls within the period gap of the cataclysmic variables (2.15−3.18 h), but appears to fall just below the minimum period when only polars are considered.
Les biobanques, des structures essentielles à la recherche médicale
Authors: Liney Thomas , Mitov Alexandre , Laurent Onivogui Gbago , Arrighi Nicole
Published: March 2020

Le Master Biobanks and Complex Data Management forme les managers des biobanques. Créé en 2017 à l’Université Côte d’Azur par le Professeur Paul Hofman, ce master prépare les étudiants au management des biobanques (humaines, animales, plantes et autres organismes vivants) et des données complexes. Au-delà du stockage des collections d’échantillons biologiques, il faut en assurer la qualité, la conservation, la disponibilité auprès des réseaux de chercheurs en respectant la législation et l’éthique. Les enseignements du master se partagent entre les compétences disciplinaires en qualité, hygiène et sécurité, réglementation, bioéthique, biobankonomics et les enseignements techniques réalisés à la biobanque du CHU de Nice, puis mis en pratique lors de deux stages de 6 mois.
Osteopathie beim Hund – Ruptur des kranialen Kreuzbands
Authors: Klarner Gabriela
Published: March 2020

Ein Kreuzbandriss muss nicht immer operiert werden. Aus Sicht der modernen Faszienforschung ist der Eingriff manchmal sogar kontraproduktiv. Die Osteopathie bietet dafür einen ganzheitlichen Therapieansatz. Anhand des folgenden Fallbeispiels wird die Ursachen-Folge-Kette aufgearbeitet und die Behandlung des kranialen Kreuzbandrisses einer Sheltiehündin vorgestellt.
Index aus Diameter der Vena cava inferior und Aorta abdominalis bei
Neugeborenen – eine praxisrelevante Methode zur Erfassung einer
Hypovolämie
Authors: Behnke Simone , Robel-Tillig Eva
Published: March 2020

Bei kranken Neugeborenen steht häufig eine Hypovolämie im
Vordergrund der klinischen Probleme. Eine effiziente, schonende Diagnostik ist
für eine adäquate Therapie entscheidend. Sonografische
Untersuchungen entsprechen diesen Anforderungen. Um die Volumensituation der
Kinder zu beurteilen, wird eine Relation aus Durchmessern der Vena cava inferior
(IVC) und der Aorta abdominalis (Ao) erfasst.

Patienten und Methoden 97 reife, gesunde Neugeborene wurden am 1. und 3.
Tag untersucht. Es erfolgte an definierten Punkten die Messung der Diameter der
IVC, Ao und Berechnung des Index IVC/Ao. Korrelationsanalysen wurden zur
Ermittlung der Abhängigkeit der Messungen vom Geburtsgewicht und
Gewichtsverlust in den ersten 3 LT. durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Der Durchmesser der Ao betrug am 1. Tag 6,1
(+/−0,6) mm, am 3. Tag 6,2
(+/−0,6) mm, der Diameter der IVC am 1. Tag 2,5
(+/−0,5) mm, am 3. Tag 2,6
(+/−0,5) mm. Der Index aus IVC/ Ao lag bei 0,4
(+/−0,1) am 1.Tag, 0,4 (+/−0,1)
am 3. Tag. und korreliert mit dem Geburtsgewicht. Es ließ sich ein
signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Indices bei SGA- und LGA- Neugeborenen
feststellen (0.36 vs 0,47). Die Gewichtsabnahme von 1. zum 3. LT
(160+/−216 g) hatte keinen Einfluss auf die
Diameter und Index der Gefäße.

Schlussfolgerung Die Studie liefert Normalwerte für die Diameter
der Ao, IVC sowie des Index. Damit ist eine Einschätzung des
Volumenzustandes möglich. Die Ergebnisse können ebenso einen
Beitrag zum Verständnis der Pathophysiologie bei SGA- Neonaten sein.
Basilar Invagination: Transoral Microsurgical Endoscopically-Controlled Odontoidectomy without Palatotomy in Extreme form of Basilar Invagination
Authors: Bassiouni Hischam
Published: March 2020

Objective Transoral odontoidectomy in the treatment of basilar invagination is surgically challenging. Incision of the soft palate significantly increases rostral exposure of the clivus but is associated with a high incidence of speech and swallowing difficulties after surgery. We present a patient suffering from severe compression of the medulla oblongata due to an extreme form of basilar invagination treated successfully with the resection of dens via a transoral nasopharyngeal approach without palatotomy.

Setting Microsurgical endoscopic-assisted odontoidectomy through a transoral epipharyngeal approach was performed with subsequent craniocervical stabilization in a 21-year-old patient suffering from progressive myelopathy due to compression of the medulla oblongata and associated progressive syringomyelia.

Results The 21-year-old man was initially treated with suboccipital craniotomy and duroplasty in another institution. After initial improval he subsequently developed progressive ataxia, dysphagia, a bulbar speech, and weakness of the extremities. Beside ventral compression, he developed a secondary Chiari's malformation and a holospinal syringomyelia. Resection of the dens was successfully accomplished via a microsurgical transoral epipharyngeal endoscopic-controlled odontoidectomy without palatotomy. One week after odontoidectomy, posterior craniocervical stabilization was performed. All preoperative symptoms and signs improved significantly and the patient leads an independent life 4 years after odontoidectomy. On follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the syringomyelia completely resolved.

Conclusions Palatotomy with its potential adverse effects can usually be avoided even for the treatment of extreme forms of basilar invagination.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/CBKE4n94W4g.
Integrating Stereoscopic Video with Modular 3D Anatomic Models for Lateral Skull Base Training
Authors: Barber Samuel R. , Jain Saurabh , Son Young-Jun , Almefty Kaith , Lawton Michael T. , Stevens Shawn M.
Published: March 2020

Introduction Current virtual reality (VR) technology allows the creation of instructional video formats that incorporate three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic footage.Combined with 3D anatomic models, any surgical procedure or pathology could be represented virtually to supplement learning or surgical preoperative planning. We propose a standalone VR app that allows trainees to interact with modular 3D anatomic models corresponding to stereoscopic surgical videos.

Methods Stereoscopic video was recorded using an OPMI Pentero 900 microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images segmented axial temporal bone computed tomography and each anatomic structure was exported separately. 3D models included semicircular canals, facial nerve, sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb, carotid artery, tegmen, canals within the temporal bone, cochlear and vestibular aqueducts, endolymphatic sac, and all branches for cranial nerves VII and VIII. Finished files were imported into the Unreal Engine. The resultant application was viewed using an Oculus Go.

Results A VR environment facilitated viewing of stereoscopic video and interactive model manipulation using the VR controller. Interactive models allowed users to toggle transparency, enable highlighted segmentation, and activate labels for each anatomic structure. Based on 20 variable components, a value of 1.1 × 1012 combinations of structures per DICOM series was possible for representing patient-specific anatomy in 3D.

Conclusion This investigation provides proof of concept that a hybrid of stereoscopic video and VR simulation is possible, and that this tool may significantly aid lateral skull base trainees as they learn to navigate a complex 3D surgical environment. Future studies will validate methodology.
Far Lateral Approach for Resection of Transverse Ligament Cyst
Authors: Michael Lattimore Madison , Nguyen Vincent , Basma Jaafar , Mangham William , Khan Nickalus , Sorenson Jeffrey
Published: March 2020

Objectives This study was aimed to describe a far lateral approach for microsurgical resection of a transverse ligament cyst, with emphasis on the microsurgical anatomy and technique.

Design A far lateral craniotomy is performed in the lateral decubitus position. After opening the dura laterally, dural sutures are placed for retraction. A stitch placed through the dentate ligament is advantageous to rotate the spinal cord to allow access to the ventral cyst. The cyst is marsupirlized and mass effect on the spinal cord is relieved. Photographs of the region are borrowed from Dr Rhoton's laboratory to illustrate the microsurgical anatomy.

Participants The first author performed the surgery and edited the video. Chart review and literature review were performed by the other authors.

Outcome Measures Outcome was assessed with postoperative neurological function.

Results The patient was discharged home after an uneventful hospital course. At short-term follow-up, the patient had a significant improvement in postoperative strength.

Conclusion The far lateral approach provides an adequate corridor to the ventrolateral brainstem in combination with utilization of the dentate ligament to reach ventral cysts compressing the spinal cord. An adequate understanding of the relevant microsurgical anatomy is a key to safe surgery in this region.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/5MGVPO2Q2pI.
The Past, Present, and Future Statuses of Formerly Classified “Atypical Pituitary Adenomas”: A Clinicopathological Assessment of 101 Cases in a Cohort of More than 1,000 Pure Endoscopically Treated Patients in Single Center
Authors: Bal Ercan , Kulaç İbrahim , Ayhan Selim , Söylemezoğlu Figen , Berker Mustafa
Published: March 2020

Objective This study was aimed to assess the clinical aggressiveness of pituitary neoplasms that were previously defined as atypical adenomas.

Methods A total of 1,042 pituitary adenomas were included in the study and 101 of them were diagnosed as atypical adenoma. Demographic characteristics, radiological evaluations, and clinical information were obtained from a computer-based patient database. Cases were categorized as atypical or typical using the criteria listed in 2004 Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs.

Results The cure and reoperation rates did not show any statistically significant difference between the typical and atypical adenomas. However, a higher Ki-67 labeling index was found to be associated with a higher rate of reoperation (p = 0.008) in atypical adenomas. Of note, cavernous sinus invasion or parasellar extension was found to be associated with lower cure rates in patients with atypical pituitary adenomas (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion Although atypical pituitary adenomas are known to be more invasive, this study demonstrated that the reoperation and cure rates are the same for typical and atypical adenomas. Our findings advocate for omitting the use of atypical adenoma terminology based solely on pathological evaluation. As stated in the 4th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, accurate tumor subtyping, evaluation of proliferation by means of mitotic count and Ki-67 labeling index, and radiological and intraoperative assessments of tumor invasion should be taken into consideration in the management of such neoplasms.
Smith–Lemli–Opitz's Syndrome as a Possible Cause of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Case Report
Authors: Mitra Anjali , Dolitsky Shelley , Yadava Stacy , Ashkinadze Elena
Published: March 2020

Based on the known carrier frequency of Smith–Lemli–Opitz's syndrome (SLOS), the prevalence of this disease should be significantly higher than what is observed in the population. This may be due to a higher rate of pregnancy loss in affected embryos. Here, we present the case of a couple who underwent expanded carrier screening (ECS) after experiencing three first trimester pregnancy losses. Both parents were found to be carriers of SLOS mutations, and DNA analysis of the fetal remains of the third loss revealed the aborted fetus had inherited both the maternal and paternal mutations. This suggests SLOS as a reason for this patient's recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), and therefore, ECS should be considered as part of the RPL work-up.
Construction of Novel Bispecific Single-Domain Antibodies (BiSdAbs) with Potent Antiangiogenic Activities
Authors: Liu Xianglei , Sun Tianyuan , Ge Qiuhan , Zhu Jianwei
Published: March 2020

The development of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) has had a profound impact on cancer immunotherapy. Single-domain antibodies (SdAbs) could offer advantages over other antibody formats for the generation of a BsAbs, such as small size (∼12–15 kDa), with high affinity and specificity, superior accessibility, and high yield expression in bacteria. In this study, VEGFR2 and CD16 were chosen as the targets to construct BsAbs. As the rationale, VEGFR2 is critical for tumor-associated angiogenesis, and CD16 expressed on natural killer cells is an important target on immune cells. Humanized anti-VEGFR2 SdAb 3VGR19 and anti-CD16 SdAb C21 were combined to construct several bispecific SdAbs (BiSdAbs). The biochemical properties of the BiSdAbs were characterized. They retained the high affinity for both targets, binding selectivity, and antiangiogenic activity such as inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, endothelial tube formation, angiogenesis, and cytotoxicity to cancer cells in vitro, indicating that BiSdAbs could be a potential alternative for cancer therapy.
Knowledge in the grey zone: AI and cybersecurity
Authors: Stevens Tim
Published: March 2020

Cybersecurity protects citizens and society from harm perpetrated through computer networks. Its task is made ever more complex by the diversity of actors—criminals, spies, militaries, hacktivists, firms—operating in global information networks, so that cybersecurity is intimately entangled with the so-called grey zone of conflict between war and peace in the early twenty-first century. To counter cyber threats from this environment, cybersecurity is turning to artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI) to mitigate anomalous behaviours in cyberspace. This article argues that AI algorithms create new modes and sites of cybersecurity knowledge production through hybrid assemblages of humans and nonhumans. It concludes by looking beyond ‘everyday’ cybersecurity to military and intelligence use of AI and asks what is at stake in the automation of cybersecurity.
Interaction of two free-falling spheres in water
Authors: Chu Chia-Ren , Wu Tso-Ren , Tu Yuan-Fu , Hu Shun-Kai , Chiu Chia-Lin
Published: March 2020

This study uses a two-way dynamic coupled numerical model and laboratory experiments to investigate the interaction of two free-falling spherical particles in water. Two spheres, with identical diameters D and densities, are released side-by-side simultaneously in a water tank. The Reynolds number, based on the terminal velocity and diameter of the sphere, is Re = 1.36 × 104. The experimental and numerical results reveal that the falling trajectories of the spheres look like S-curves when the initial gap between the two spheres is less than 0.75 D. The numerical simulation demonstrates that the fluid pressure in the gap region is less than the pressure outside of the gap and causes the spheres to move toward each other as they fall. Then, the vortices alternately shed behind the spheres and generate a lateral force to deviate the spheres from the vertical trajectory. When the lateral distance between the two spheres is greater than 0.75 D, the interaction between the spheres becomes negligible. A similar phenomenon is also observed when one single falling sphere is very close to a vertical sidewall. The sidewall effect on the sphere’s trajectory is noticeable when the gap between the falling sphere and the sidewall is less than 0.5 D. Nonetheless, the influence of a sidewall is more significant than that of an adjacent sphere.
Selectively controlled magnetic microrobots with opposing helices
Authors: Giltinan Joshua , Katsamba Panayiota , Wang Wendong , Lauga Eric , Sitti Metin
Published: March 2020

Magnetic microrobots that swim through liquid media are of interest for minimally invasive medical procedures, bioengineering, and manufacturing. Many of the envisaged applications, such as micromanipulation and targeted cargo delivery, necessitate the use and adequate control of multiple microrobots, which will increase the velocity, robustness, and efficacy of a procedure. While various methods involving heterogeneous geometries, magnetic properties, and surface chemistries have been proposed to enhance independent control, the main challenge has been that the motion between all microswimmers remains coupled through the global control signal of the magnetic field. Katsamba and Lauga [Phys. Rev. Appl. 5, 064019 (2016)] proposed transchiral microrobots, a theoretical design with magnetized spirals of opposite handedness. The competition between the spirals can be tuned to give an intrinsic nonlinearity that each device can function only within a given band of frequencies. This allows individual microrobots to be selectively controlled by varying the frequency of the rotating magnetic field. Here, we present the experimental realization and characterization of transchiral micromotors composed of independently driven magnetic helices. We show a swimming micromotor that yields negligible net motion until a critical frequency is reached and a micromotor that changes its translation direction as a function of the frequency of the rotating magnetic field. This work demonstrates a crucial step toward completely decoupled and addressable swimming magnetic microrobots.
Phylogenetic position of Aculamprotula polysticta, comb. res. (Bivalvia : Unionidae) inferred from phylogenetic relationships in Unionida
Authors: Wu Rui-Wen , Kim Kyung Seok , Xie Guang-Long , Ouyang Shan , Wu Xiao-Ping
Published: March 2020

Accurate phylogenies are important for understanding the evolutionary histories of organisms, their reproductive traits and ecological habits. The freshwater mussel order Unionida is currently thought to include six families. However, assignment of particular species to these families has been unstable, particularly for species that have been described solely on conchological characters. Unio polystictus Heude, 1877 represents such a species. Based on DNA sequence data from five genes (COI, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and histone H3) and complete mitochondrial genomes, we investigated the phylogenetic position and generic affinities of U. polystictus using various analytical methods. Both the five-gene and mitogenome datasets strongly supported transferring U. polystictus from Margaritiferidae to Unionidae as Aculamprotula polysticta, comb. res. Our results also supported the following intrageneric relationships: (Aculamprotula tortuosa, ((Aculamprotula polysticta, Aculamprotula scripta), (Aculamprotula fibrosa, Aculamprotula tientsinersis))). In addition, by comparing the morphological features of Aculamprotula (Unionidae, Unioninae), Lamprotula (Unionidae, Gonideinae) and Gibbosula (Margaritiferidae, Gibbosulinae) species, potential issues of relying solely on shell morphology for high-level classification of freshwater mussels are highlighted. Confirmation of classification position and genetic relationship for Aculamprotula polysticta will helpful to understand the ecological characteristics, reproductive strategies and host-fish requirements, which can be inferred from closely related taxa.
Carbon declines along tropical forest edges correspond to heterogeneous effects on canopy structure and function
Authors: Ordway Elsa M. , Asner Gregory P.
Published: March 2020

Significance

Tropical forests constitute the largest terrestrial component of the global carbon budget. However, rapid agricultural expansion has left these landscapes highly fragmented, calling into question their capacity to cycle and store carbon. We utilized airborne mapping approaches that revealed changes in aboveground carbon and key aspects of ecosystem structure and function in forest edges along oil palm plantations in Malaysian Borneo. We found widespread evidence of significant changes in canopy structure and foliar traits related to light capture, growth, and productivity along forest edges that corresponded to declines in aboveground carbon. These changes underpin carbon declines that varied spatially, with far-reaching implications for the conservation of forest biodiversity and carbon stocks.
Autologous transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells restores fertility in congenitally infertile mice
Authors: Kanatsu-Shinohara Mito , Ogonuki Narumi , Matoba Shogo , Ogura Atsuo , Shinohara Takashi
Published: March 2020

Significance

Stem cell transplantation is widely used to rescue defects in stem cell-derived cells. However, it is generally impossible to rescue tissue dysfunction caused by defective microenvironment. In this study, we report that autologous spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation rescues congenital male infertility caused byCldn11deficiency.Cldn11-deficient mice lack spermatogenesis due to defects in the blood–testis barrier. However, WT orCldn11-deficient SSC transplantation allowed development of fertile sperm from the donor cells in chemically castratedCldn11-deficient mice. Because in vivo depletion ofCldn3orCldn5restored endogenous spermatogenesis, complete spermatogenesis may be inhibited by the imbalance of claudin expression caused byCldn11deficiency. Our result suggests that some forms of male infertility can be rescued by autologous SSC transplantation.
Toxigenic
Vibrio cholerae
evolution and establishment of reservoirs in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Mavian Carla , Paisie Taylor K. , Alam Meer T. , Browne Cameron , Beau De Rochars Valery Madsen , Nembrini Stefano , Cash Melanie N. , Nelson Eric J. , Azarian Taj , Ali Afsar , Morris J. Glenn , Salemi Marco
Published: March 2020

The spread of cholera in the midst of an epidemic is largely driven by direct transmission from person to person, although it is well-recognized that
Vibrio cholerae
is also capable of growth and long-term survival in aquatic ecosystems. While prior studies have shown that aquatic reservoirs are important in the persistence of the disease on the Indian subcontinent, an epidemiological view postulating that locally evolving environmental
V. cholerae
contributes to outbreaks outside Asia remains debated. The single-source introduction of toxigenic
V. cholerae
O1 in Haiti, one of the largest outbreaks occurring this century, with 812,586 suspected cases and 9,606 deaths reported through July 2018, provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the role of aquatic reservoirs and assess bacterial transmission dynamics across environmental boundaries. To this end, we investigated the phylogeography of both clinical and aquatic toxigenic
V. cholerae
O1 isolates and show robust evidence of the establishment of aquatic reservoirs as well as ongoing evolution of
V. cholerae
isolates from aquatic sites. Novel environmental lineages emerged from sequential population bottlenecks, carrying mutations potentially involved in adaptation to the aquatic ecosystem. Based on such empirical data, we developed a mixed-transmission dynamic model of
V. cholerae
, where aquatic reservoirs actively contribute to genetic diversification and epidemic emergence, which underscores the complexity of transmission pathways in epidemics and endemic settings and the need for long-term investments in cholera control at both human and environmental levels.
Progress toward gender equality in the United States has slowed or stalled
Authors: England Paula , Levine Andrew , Mishel Emma
Published: March 2020

We examine change in multiple indicators of gender inequality for the period of 1970 to 2018. The percentage of women (age 25 to 54) who are employed rose continuously until ∼2000 when it reached its highest point to date of 75%; it was slightly lower at 73% in 2018. Women have surpassed men in receipt of baccalaureate and doctoral degrees. The degree of segregation of fields of study declined dramatically in the 1970s and 1980s, but little since then. The desegregation of occupations continues but has slowed its pace. Examining the hourly pay of those aged 25 to 54 who are employed full-time, we found that the ratio of women’s to men’s pay increased from 0.61 to 0.83 between 1970 and 2018, rising especially fast in the 1980s, but much slower since 1990. In sum, there has been dramatic progress in movement toward gender equality, but, in recent decades, change has slowed and on some indicators stalled entirely.
Crystal structures of cyanobacterial light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase
Authors: Dong Chen-Song , Zhang Wei-Lun , Wang Qiao , Li Yu-Shuai , Wang Xiao , Zhang Min , Liu Lin
Published: March 2020

The reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) is the penultimate step of chlorophyll biosynthesis. In oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, algae, and plants, this reaction can be catalyzed by the light-dependent Pchlide oxidoreductase (LPOR), a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase superfamily sharing a conserved Rossmann fold for NAD(P)H binding and the catalytic activity. Whereas modeling and simulation approaches have been used to study the catalytic mechanism of this light-driven reaction, key details of the LPOR structure remain unclear. We determined the crystal structures of LPOR from two cyanobacteria,
Synechocystis
sp.
PCC 6803
and
Thermosynechococcus elongatus
. Structural analysis defines the LPOR core fold, outlines the LPOR–NADPH interaction network, identifies the residues forming the substrate cavity and the proton-relay path, and reveals the role of the LPOR-specific loop. These findings provide a basis for understanding the structure-function relationships of the light-driven Pchlide reduction.