bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Black Generation Method for Black Ink Hiding Infrared Security Image
Authors: Li Chao , Wang Cai Yin , Wang Shu Jie
Published: December 2012

In the multi-color printing, the four inks used are cyan, magenta, yellow and black, which have different response in the near infrared spectral area, in which the black with CMK color inks have no response while the black with K color ink has a good response. But two kinds of black are both visible and equivalent under daylight. Based on this principle and gray component replacement (GCR) theory, this paper introduces a black component generation method for black ink hiding infrared security image. Firstly, we establish a color lookup table for GCR and find the substitution relation between K and CMY. Secondly, the source image is color-separated with the mask which is the security image. The source image is firstly converted to CMY color format data words. The black value of each pixel for security image is detected and treated as GCR value of the corresponding pixel for source image. Then CMY values are found in GCR LUT and subtracted from three primary CMY values. And an adjustment coefficient is employed for color correction. Thirdly, the color separation image is printed. In daylight the visual effect of printed image is the same as that of source image, but the security image is detected by IR camera. Finally, a series of experiments are performed on HP Color LaserJet CP2035 printer. Experimental results show that the proposed method is promising and feasible for black ink hiding IR security image.
A Discussion on Printing Color Difference Tolerance by CIEDE2000 Color Difference Formula
Authors: Liu Hao Xue , Wu Bing , Liu Yu , Huang Min , Xu Yan Fang
Published: December 2012

In ISO printing standards, a color difference tolerance of ΔE*ab=5 is used as a threshold. But CIELAB color space is not uniform enough so that the same color difference value represents different color difference sensation in different color area. It is proved that the color difference calculated by CIEDE2000 is closer to the human sensation, so ISO TC130 is discussing the possibility of replacing CIELAB color difference by CIEDE2000. An experiment was conducted, in which the color difference of typical printing colors, CMYKRGB, was calculated and test. The experimental results showed that the color difference tolerance of ΔE*ab=5 is corresponding to 0.95~6.42 by CIEDE2000, with the average of 3.30 ΔE*00. So a color difference tolerance of ΔE*00=3.3 or a somewhat looser value of ΔE*00=3.5 can be adopted as a new tolerance for printing industry.
Effect of Chemisorptions on Wetting Property in TiO Nanosheet Film
Authors: Ye Yin Ping , Du Wen , Li Hong Xuan , Ji Li , Chen Jian Min , Zhou Hui Di
Published: December 2012

TiO nanosheet films were fabricated by magnetron sputtering and followed with the direct in situ hydrothermal method. Without UV irriadiation, the TiO nanosheet surface showed a wetting property of superhydrophilicity. However, after chemisorptions using a self-assembled monolayer of n-CF3(CF2)7CH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3, the wetting property of the film can be changed from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity. Based on the FESEM, XRD, XPS analysis, the mechanism of the wetting bahavior was proposed.
Analysis of Land Use Changes on Groundwater Dynamics
Authors: Lu Xiao Hui , Li Zhou Jun , Wang Yang
Published: December 2012

Distributed physically-based models have the predictive capacity to assess the effect of land use changes on groundwater dynamics across a range of scales. MIKESHE, which represents state-of-art of distributed hydrological model, is applied to the Skjern catchment. It is utilized to evaluate hydrologic impacts of land use changes in a watershed. Our overall objective was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of land use changes on watershed hydrology within the 1175 km2 Skjern catchment in Denmark. The results show that the soil is unsaturated and has bigger storage capacity. The groundwater recharge distribution has seasonal characters like the runoff, which mainly concentrated in winter and spring and decreased in summer and autumn.
CFD Application for Performance Based Safety Verification of Reinforced Concrete Beam in Computer Simulation Building Fire
Authors: Yu Chia Chun , Wang Shih Cheng , Lin Cherng Shing , Chen Te Chi
Published: December 2012

More than 90% of the buildings in Taiwan use reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Before or after fire damage, whether the RC structure accord Performance Based Design (PBD) fire code or safe evaluation are important in building fire protection verification. However, obtaining fire thermal parameters detailed quantitative data from building fire tests or actual building fires are difficult. Therefore, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) integration to simulate fire scenarios has been widely utilized in fire protection engineering. This study utilizes Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) fire model and PHOENICS field model software to simulate fire development and beams inner temperature variation. The structural strength estimated using beam cross-sections temperature to investigate dynamic ultimate bending moment (Mu) of RC beams. This integration method can investigate the influence of different beam positions, fire intensity, fire duration and fire damage sustained (two or three faces heated) for RC beams fire protection safe verification.
Numerical Simulation of Meso-Mechanism of Liquefaction in Saturated Stratified Silty Sands
Authors: Yang Yong Xiang , Hu Jin Hu , Wang Jiang Feng
Published: December 2012

Constant volume equivalent undrained testing is performed under cyclic loading by the PFC2D model, and the liquefaction behavior of saturated stratified silty sands is discussed from the viewpoint of meso-mechanism. Meso-scale parameters such as co-ordination number, distribution of contact normal and contact forces are studied under cyclic loading. Some results are obtained. The important factors which control the macro-response of saturated stratified silty sands are the average co-ordination number, distribution of contact normal and contact forces at meso-mechanical level. The major characteristics of deformation are stress-induced anisotropy and fabric-induced anisotropy. And the liquefaction behavior of loose saturated stratified silty sands is mainly due to continued and cumulative loss of the co-ordination number under cyclic loading. Numerical simulation can describe the liquefaction behavior of saturated stratified silty sands. The meso-fabric evolutions including co-ordination number, distribution of contact normal and contact forces can be analyzed during liquefaction induced by cyclic loading. Numerical simulation can also be used to illustrate and verify a theoretical relationship between measures of macro- and meso-scopic parameters that describe the anisotropy in contact forces and contact orientations.
Parameter Modeling Method for Aeroengine Virtual Testing System
Authors: Yang Xun , Zhang Can , Lei Yong
Published: December 2012

Aeroengine parameters model is pivotal for development of aeroengine virtual testing system. So the modeling method is discussed in this paper in detail. Firstly, dependency relationships between parameters are established according to the variational character of each parameter in different working state, including transient processes such as false start, cold run, start, acceleration, deceleration, stop and stable processes such as idle, warming, performance test. Then parameter equations are formulated based on least square fit, utilizing actual test data of some kind of turbo-fan aeroengine as prototype. With the method, modeling work for aeroengine virtual testing system is facilitated. And each parameter varying pattern is consistent to that of real aeroengine. Furthermore, different test process can be simulated via changing relevant setting parameters. It makes the development of aeroengine virtual testing system much easier.
Numerical Studies on Effect of Interpass Time on Distortion and Residual Stresses in Multipass Welding
Authors: Kala Shirish R. , Prasad N. Siva , Phanikumar G.
Published: December 2012

Weld distortion and residual stresses are two major issues in the fabrication process. Numerical techniques are being tried out to accurately predict the structural integrity of the welding. Interpass time in the multipass welding is an important parameter which influences the weld distortion and residual stresses. In this study two pass tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of 6 mm mild steel plates has been analyzed using Finite element analysis (FEA) software Sysweld and parametric study is conducted with different interpass time. The temperature distribution, distortion and residual stresses are calculated using three dimensional finite element model (FEM) considering phase transformations in the material. The transient thermo-metallurgical analysis followed by elasto-plastic analysis is carried out using temperature dependent and phase dependent material properties. The material deposition in the multipass welding is numerically simulated using chewing gum method, where dummy phase and dummy material are assigned for the element activation. The phase proportions are calculated by assigning suitable phase kinetics parameter extracted from continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of a given material. Experiments are conducted for validation after given edge preparation and using same material as filler wire. The FEM analysis is carried out for eight cases with different time interval between passes, starting from 30 s to 240 s in the steps of 30 s. FEM results are verified with experimentally measured values. It is found that the time interval between passes has less influence on the residual stresses but significantly affects the distortion and phase proportion due to the first pass preheating effect on second pass and second pass postheating effect on first pass.
Research on Data Recovery of Oracle Database in Linux
Authors: Zhao Fei , Zhang Jing Sheng , Wang Zhong Xia
Published: December 2012

Through the analysis of oracle database files on the ext3 with Linux documentation system research, propose the physical structure of oracle’s data files, make oracle data files in Linux could be spelled to original data files when they were deleted by mistake, so as to achieve the aim to recover the data files.
Mathematical Decomposition for Influence Factors of Unit GDP Energy Consumption and Demonstration in China
Authors: Dai Chun Yan , Zhang Xi Liang , Wang En Chuang , Liu Zhen , Li Ming Hui , Liu Chun Mei
Published: December 2012

Analysed various influence factors of unit GDP energy consumption, discussed the mathematical decomposition and calculation method and did empirical analysis of the influence and role on unit GDP energy consumption changes since “The Fifth Five-Year Plan”.The main conclusions are:(1) the drop of the energy efficiency is caused both by technical factors and structural factors , in which structural factors being the fundamental reason during the Eleventh Five-Year period. (2) technological energy saving is the main direct driving force of the dramatic decrease in energy intensity of China , and the alternation of structural energy saving from negative to positive is the crucial factor determining the dramatic decrease of the energy intensity of China ,and energy-saving in livelihood is a stable impetus for improving China energy efficiency improvement in the Eleventh Five-Year period .The research provided the methodological foundation for exploring the specific ways to achieve the energy efficiency goal of “The Twelfth Five-Year Plan” and also to provide a reference for the policy making of “The Twelfth Five-Year Plan” energy efficiency.
Based on the Model of ISM in Risk Analysis for the BT Reclaimed Water Project
Authors: Gao Xun Kuo , Yang Jian Ying
Published: December 2012

The source of capital construction projects is one of the bottlenecks of restricting the reclaimed water projects development which is one of the municipal infrastructures. Project financing can be solving the capital source of projects very well. Renewable water project investment and financing mode as the breakthrough point, analyzed the characteristics of the renewable water project, put forward the BT mode in renewable water the feasibility of application of the project, and analyzed the reclaimed water projects related to the main risk elements and its origin, used interpretative structure model (ISM) to establish risk factors charts, get the main risk factors should be controlled and the relationship between each other, offer the reference for the recycled water project decision-making and the risk management.
A Study on the Optimization of Box-Type Kitchen Equipment Materials
Authors: Zhang Xiang Hong , Yang Han , Li Yan Jun , Yin Li Jun
Published: December 2012

The research has compared and analyzed the performance parameters of different materials. Combined with Principal Component Analysis, the calculation has been conducted through SPSS software. After studying the blending modified polyethylene, a kind of rotationally-molding material is applicable to box-type military kitchen equipments. The paper suggests that the rotationally-molding technique can be applied to the manufacture of such equipments.
Influence of Different Auxiliary Activators Doping on Spectral Properties of Sr3Al2O6: Eu2+ Phosphors
Authors: Xu Chao , Lu Dian Qing , Jiang Hai Feng
Published: December 2012

The long afterglow luminescent materials Sr3Al2O6: Eu2+, Re3+ ( Re= La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er) were synthesized via solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectrophotometer were employed to characterize the phosphors. The excitation spectra were all well simulated by eight Gaussian curves, indicating that they originated from the 4f7 (8S7/2) – 4f65d (8HJ) transitions of Eu2+ ions. The excitation spectra intensity of Sr3Al2O6: Eu2+, Sm3+ is much stronger than the others, which indicates that there is a more efficient energy transfers from Sm3+ to Eu2+. The simulated results of the emission spectra showed that they generated from the Eu2+ ions in the Sr2+ sites of SrO6 and SrO7 polyhedral, which indicated that the Eu2+ ions were apt to occupy low-coordination crystallographic site. The proposed explanation for excitation spectra and emission spectra property were also discussed
Tactic of Supply Chain Coordination when the Freight Cost of Unit Product is Sensitive to Lot Size
Authors: Gui Hua Ming
Published: December 2012

Considering a supply chain with a manufacturer and a wholesaler, we assume the freight cost of unit product is sensitive to lot size and the manufacturer is responsible for product delivery, the optimal lot size models under decentralized decision and centralized supply chain are presented. The analytical result shows that the more flexible the delivery capacity is, the smaller the optimal production size is, which is consistent with short order lead time and small lot size that claimed by the wholesaler. Therefore, the manufacturer can quickly respond to demand of the wholesaler under the condition that the total cost is invariable. Moreover, when the delivery capacity isn’t absolute flexibility, the manufacturer may motivate the wholesaler to undertake product delivery through reducing the transfer price so that the wholesaler’s optimal order size under decentralized supply chain is closer to both the manufacturer’s optimal production size and the entire supply chain’s optimal size under centralized supply chain, which may benefit the entire supply chain since both can obtain a win-win solution.
The Moderating Effect of Usage Experience on the Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Satisfaction: The Case of Non-Profit Organizations Offering Web Services
Authors: Kuo David Chien Liang , Liao Adam W.C. , Tsai Morca M.Y.
Published: December 2012

The purpose of this study is to test the moderating effect of usage experience on antecedents to customer satisfaction, as well as that on the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. A survey (n=1,092) was conducted on members from one of the biggest websites for non-profit barter market services in Taiwan. Our results show that the relationship among service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty differ for consumers with more usage experience and those with less usage experience. Implications indicate that non-profit organizations that plan to offer web services should develop and provide services to high- and low-experience customers with different focus and strategy. In particular, they may start with their innovation and improvement for enhancing service assurance and reliability. In contrast, issues relevant to service delivery and other quality dimensions may regard as design topics for retaining experienced customers.
Indicators Systems for Evaluating the Efficiency of Political Awareness of Rational Use of Electricity
Authors: Silva Viloria , Jesús Amelec
Published: December 2012

This research aims to design systems of sustainability indicators to evaluate the efficiency of Latin American electric energy companies in the integration of strategies and policies in their social environment for the generation of a client who feel satisfied with the quality of services offered and at the same time aware of rational use of this resource. To this end, an investigation confirmatory is conducted type design expostfacto correlational using database cross-country Report CIER 2008. These are correlated with the frequency of customer contact with information through four (4) global media: TV, radio, newspapers and internet. Through a conceptual analysis made proposed indicators systems formed by three (3) dimensions: customer satisfaction, importance of the elements of perceived quality and electric energy consumption. The design is validated by means of multivariate techniques, with the following elements: the importance of perceived quality in terms of social responsibility, information and communication, corporate image and customer service, the degree of customer satisfaction with the company, the invoice price and the city where he lives, and finally, electric energy consumption expressed in kWh / inhabitant and $/inhabitant. The indicators system has a measuring scale growing of one (1) to ten (10), if the company policies are efficient to obtain high values of customer satisfaction and importance of perceived quality, and low levels of consumption electricity. The contribution of design is that it allows electricity companies and even countries, determine whether marketing purposes that promoted the conservation of energy resources is efficient in the sense of a positive change customer behavior into actionable towards lower energy consumption at home, while maintaining satisfied with the service provided by the company.
Changes of Structural-Phase Condition in 18CrNi3MoA-SH Steel After Elektrolyte-Plasma Processing
Authors: Skakov Mazhyn , Bayatanova Lyaila , Sheffler Michael
Published: December 2012

The research shows the results of electrolyte-plasma treatment influence on structure-phase state, mechanical properties and wear-resistance of drilling tool steel samples. The comparative analysis of microstructure, microhardness and wear-resistance of the samples in initial state and after electrolyte-plasma treatment is represented. It was found out that 18CrNi3MoA-Sh steel microstructure has fine-grained martensite-bainite structure after the treatment. It was determined that 18CrNi3MoA-Sh steel possesses high wear-resistance after electrolyte-plasma treatment, so that technology is characterized by low power consumption and cost price. The initial state microhardness is 2800 MPa on the average. Microhardness on the bearing lane surface after electrolyte-plasma processing is 7500 MPa on the average. Microhardness increases in 2-2.5 times more before treatment that indicates the technology efficiency.
Influence of Regimes Electrolytic-Plasma Processing on Phase Structure and Hardening of Steel 30CrMnSi
Authors: Skakov Mazhyn , Zhurerova Laila , Scheffler Michail
Published: December 2012

The present work is devoted research of influence of various modes of electrolytic-plasma cementation on feature of change a structurally-phase conditions and hardening of a constructional steel 30CrMnSi. It is chosen scientifically proved low-power and resources-economy a processing kind which leads to formation stable ferrite-perlites structures, provides higher mechanical properties. Cementation process carried out with selection of different modes of electrolytic-plasma processing in the electrolyte containing water solution of 10 % of sodium carbonate and 10 % of glycerin. As the basic methods of research in work we used metallographic the analysis with microscope application «NEOPHOT-21», X-ray analysis on diffractometer Х’PertPRO in monochromatic CrKα - radiation, tests for microhardness for device PMT-3. It is established that a microstructure of samples steel 30CrMnSi at different modes of processing consist from α - phases, particle carbides and retained austenite. Microhardness of the initial sample makes approximately 3000 МPа, and after processing its microhardness makes 6100 МPа that speaks about of a processing mode. The developed technology of electrolytic-plasma cementation of constructional steels in the conditions of the arc category in electrolyte is the optimal as provides reliable quality and demanded properties of details, working in variable loadings and often exposed to wear, forms the strengthened, modified surface coating.
Microstructure of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Hydration Products in Different Water-to-Binder Ratio and Different Autoclaved System
Authors: Huang Zhao Ming , Yuan Yu Fei , Chen Ze Jie , Wen Zi Yun
Published: December 2012

Using XRD and SEM analysis, the types and morphology of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) hydration products in different water-to-binder ratio (w/b) and different autoclaved system were studied. Strength test shows that, Using w/b=0.25 and autoclaved curing 190°C for 8h, AAC with dry density 765kg/m3 and compressive strength 7.5MPa was made. XRD and SEM analysis indicate that, the higher the autoclaved temperature is, the smaller the size of hydration products (most of them are tobermorite and hydrogamet) is, and the crystallinity has a little increase; with the extension of autoclaved time, the size of products is smaller, the crystallinity is first increased and then decreased, the crystal form of tobermorite turns 1.1nm into 1.4nm; the less the w/b is, the smaller the size of products is, and the higher the crystallinity is, and tobermorite turns 1.1nm into 1.4nm.
Bond Characteristics between ECC (Engineered Cementitious Composites) and GFRP Rebars
Authors: Choi Yun Cheol
Published: December 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the bond characteristics between ECC(Engineered Cementitious Composites) and GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers) rebars. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the bond-slip properties of the steel and GFRP rebars in ECC which was reinforced with Polyvinyl Alcohol(PVA) fibers. A total of 8 beam specimens, which was designed according to the RILEM guidelines, was tested according to the RILEM guideline. The main objective was evaluating the load versus displacement and load versus slip behavior and the bond strength regarding the influence of the following parameters : concrete type(Normal concrete and fiber reinforced concrete) and bar diameter and type. From the test results, concrete and ECC specimen presented similar behavior for steel reinforced specimen. However, GFRPO reinforced specimen show different behavior with that. Comparative study for test and equations of MC90 was carried out and code provision predicted the bond characteristics conservatively.
Development of Hydrogen Consumption Test Platform for Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Tian Ying , Zhang Yu Fei , Jin Zhen Hua , Wang Ke Li , Nie Sheng Fang , Lu Qing Chun
Published: December 2012

Hydrogen consumption test platform include hydrogen storage part, pressure reduced part, gas filled part and test part is designed with calculating real hydrogen providing ability of fuel cell vehicles, being reference to actual structure of hydrogen providing system, and considering requirements of test platform based on weight method, temperature pressure method and flow method. In addition, a series of experiments proved that the test platform not only meets the test requirements of hydrogen consumption but also has advantages such as work stable, safe and reliable, high accuracy, convenient maintenance and strong expansibility.
Modeling and Simulation of the Ni-Mh Battery
Authors: Zhang Hai Gang , Li Xiao Bin , Qian Wei Guo
Published: December 2012

This paper presents an improved and easy-to-use battery dynamic model. The charge and the discharge dynamics of the battery model are validated experimentally with Ni-Mh batteries types. An interesting feature of this model is the simplicity to extract the dynamic model parameters from batteries datasheets. Finally, the battery model is simulated in the matlab simulation software .The results show that the model can accurately re-present the dynamic behavior of the battery.
Influence of TiO2 and Bio-Solution Based Additives on Exhaust Emissions of a DI Diesel Engine
Authors: Fangsuwannarak Karoon , Triratanasirichai Kittichai
Published: December 2012

This study presents the use of bio-solution and nano-Titanium dioxide (TiO2) based additives for dosing in diesel and palm biodiesel (B5). The aim of this work is to enhance the performance of a direct injection (DI) engine and to simultaneously reduce the exhaust gas emissions. The basic properties such as kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, flash point, fire point, and carbon residue of the test fuels were measured and accepted in ASTM standards. Overall, diesel-bio-solution and diesel-TiO2 blends show the lower break specific fuel consumption by 13% and 10%, respectively and the lower exhaust gas emissions, as compared with diesel. B5-bio-solution blend provides the break specific fuel consumption decreased by 1.68%, while exhaust emissions were effectively increased in comparison with B5 fuel.
The Feasible Research on Solar Landscape Column
Authors: Liu Jian , Shang Kai
Published: December 2012

Under the social background which increasingly emphasizes environmental protection and sustainable development, the low dissipation energy study of the landscape architecture has become the attention hotspot inside and outside the industry. From the development status of solar energy technology, this article tries to analyze the existing problems in the development of the solar landscape column, explore the significance and feasibility of the combination of solar energy technology and landscape column, and explain the design idea of the integration of solar energy technology and landscape column.
Preparation and Characterization on an Environment Friendly Used Rubber Powder Modified Pulp Sediments Composites
Authors: Wu Wei Li , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2012

A new composite material was prepared by using pulp sediment as matrix, and used rubber powder as toughening agent to recycle both wastes. The effect of used rubber powder content on the pulp sediment properties, the morphology and curing conditions of used rubber powder / pulp sediment composites were studied. The results show that the mechanical properties of used rubber powder / pulp sediment (8/100) are good. The fracture surface of used rubber powder / pulp sediment (8/100) samples are well-distributed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. The best formulation is 100 phr pulp sediment and 8 phr used rubber powder, and the best curing conditions are at temperature 150 °C under 5 MPa for 15 minutes.
Extraction of Scandium from Red Mud Using ELM with P204 as Carrier
Authors: Wang Cui Zhen , Zhou Guang Zhu , Zheng Zi Long
Published: December 2012

Scandium is an important rare earth element. Stacking of red mud has caused serious environmental and social issues. Red mud is rich in scandium. In this paper, recovery of scandium from red mud by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was studied. Composition of ELM is P204-Span80-sulfonated kerosene-HCl. Effects of mobile carrier and surfactant concentration, Roi, Rwe, internal and external aqueous phase acidity on the extracting rate of Sc3+ were studied. Results show that it is feasible for P204-Span80-Sulfonated Kerosene-HCl ELM System extracting Sc3+ from red mud leaching solution. The optimum condition is P204=12%, Span80=3%, Roi= 2:3, Rwe=6, the internal aqueous c(HCl)= 4mol/L, the external aqueous phase pH=2, the time of making emulsion is 20 minutes, extracting time is 15 minutes. The extracting rate of Sc3+ can reach to 99.6% under optimal condition. The extracting rate of other impurities is lower than 5%.
The Status of Nonylphenol Pollution in Lotic Ecosys-Tem
Authors: Wang Jing Lan , Yan Xi Feng , Feng Liu , Liu Dao Nan
Published: December 2012

Nonylphenol (NP) is one of the persistent organic pollutants, its key properties are bioaccumulative, poor degradability and three induced impacts including carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, which have caused high attention by the international academic community. Many deep studies around its biological effect, mechanism of action, environment distribution, organism distribution and metabolism process have been developed and reported. Meanwhile, the studies about its spatial distribution and the enrichment regularity also have been carried out in some typical cities in the shore zone and estuaries. This paper is to summarize the status of nonylphenol pollution in the lotic ecosys-tem refer to those research results before.
Production of Biodegradable Board Using Corn Straw and its Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wu Ting Ting , Wang Xiu Lun , Kito Koji
Published: December 2012

In order to keep the sustainable developement of human life, renewable resources must be developed because of the limitation of fossil resources. Biomass as a renewable resource has been watched by all the world with interest. The purpose of this study is to utilize the biomass to produce biodegradable board. Corn straw was used to produce Bio-board with the process of refining, defibrating, forming and drying. The mechanical properties of the Bio-board were measured. Technical evaluation of the result shows that corn straw can be processed to produce Bio-board. The test for mechanical properties indicates that the rupture stress of Bio-board produced with the experimental conditions were 6.23MPa~16.95MPa and 8.6~23.5 times greater as compared with the polystyrene plastic used in food container. Therefore, the use of Bio-board as food packing container, heat insulation in architecture, mulch film in agriculture as a substitute for the chemical plastic materials is technically possible.
Freeze-Thaw Stability of Oil-in-Water Prepared with Soy Protein Isolate-Maltodextrin Conjugates
Authors: Yu Guo Ping , Dou Chao Ran , Song Yan , Wu Hao , Gong Zhu
Published: December 2012

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of soy protein isolate (SPI)-maltodextrin conjugates on the freeze-thaw stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Covalent coupling of maltodextrin to SPI was achieved by wet heating of SPI- maltodextrin mixtures of different weight ratios and different protein contents at 70,80,90,100°C for 1 to 5 h. The freeze-thaw stability was characterized by measurements of creaming index and oiling off after isothermal storage at -20 °C for 24 h and further thawing. Compared with those stabilized by SPI alone, o/w emulsions stabilized by SPI-maltodextrin conjugates showed a higher stability against freeze-thaw treatment, exhibiting a lower creaming index and oiling off.
A Study on Adsorption Ammonia Nitrogen of Diatomite Modified by Microwave
Authors: Luo Zhi Wen , Chen Zhong , Liu Su Hong
Published: December 2012

Diatomite was modified by microwave treatment to increase their utilization value, using modified diatomite to treat ammonia-nitrogen wastewater. The experiment indicated that adsorption process of modification of the modified time by microwaves and microwave power is the impact of ammonia adsorption of the main factors. Through modification experiments by raising the capacity of diatomite adsorption ammonia nitrogen, adsorption of ammonia nitrogen increase over one time. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to fit and the experimental results show that the modified diatomite adsorption onto ammonia nitrogen accords with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The maximum theoretical adsorption capacities are 5.81083mg/g.
Influences of Hydrolysis Temperature and Hydrolysis Time on Titanium White Pigment via Short Sulfate Process
Authors: Tian Cong Xue , Huang Shuang Hua , Yang Ying
Published: December 2012

Using low concentration TiOSO4 as titanium raw material, anatase white pigment was prepared by self seeded thermal hydrolysis route via short sulfate process. The effects of hydrolysis temperature and hydrolysis time on the structure and pigment properties of the as-prepared samples were investigated. The samples were characterized by XRD, particle size distribution and pigment properties test. The hydrolysis temperature and time had great effects on the hydrolysis rate, particle size distribution, crystal growth and particle aggregation of TiO2, eventually determined the pigment structure and its pigment properties. The optimized hydrolysis temperature was at faint boiling point, and the hydrolysis time after second boiling point was of 2.5h. Anatase white pigment was appropriate particle size, narrow particle size distribution and good pigment properties.
Oxidation Resistance of Graphite-SiAlON Bonded SiC Composite
Authors: Wang Wen Wu , Cao Hui Yan , Wang Jin Xiang , Zhang Zhi Ping
Published: December 2012

Based mainly on SiC aggregate and fine powder, silicon powder, flake graphite (300 μm, 45 μm), α-Al2O3 micro-powder and AlN powder, Graphite-SiAlON bonded SiC composite were prepared. The influence of graphite addition, which varied from 0 to 9.7%, and its grain size on the oxidation resistance was investigated at 1 150 °C under air atmosphere. The results show that: 1) mass change rate reduces with the increase of graphite addition, the mass change rate of sample with 45 μm graphite is higher than that of sample with 300 μm graphite; 2) the cold modulus of rupture of sample with 45 μm graphite after oxidation is higher than that of sample with 300 μm graphite; 3)the oxidation resistance declines along with the increase of graphite addition, additionally, the oxidation resistance of sample with 45 μm graphite is superior to that of sample with 300 μm graphite; 4) 7.5% graphite is recommended as the proper addition.
Study on Property of Acid-Modified Kudzu Starch
Authors: Li Yan Ping , Dong Si Qing , Tang Hong Bo , Wang Ling Guo
Published: December 2012

The properties of the acid modified kudzu starch such as the thermal stability of viscosity, swelling power, transparency, freeze-thaw stability, blue value, acid and alkali resistance, salt resistance and retrogradation was studied in order to enlarge its application in this paper. The thermal properties were analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the swelling power, transparency, freeze-thaw, acid resistance, alkali resistance, blue value increased with increasing the degree of acidolysis of kudzu starch. Compared with kudzu starch, acid hydrolysis increased the decomposition temperature, but reduced the enthalpy change from the thermal analysis.
Synthesis of Several Sugar Acetates and their Structures Characterization
Authors: Liang Jing , Cheng Zhen Xing , Wang Lian Yuan , Zhu Hai Yan , Gao Shi , Zhang Xiao Ping
Published: December 2012

Several acetate esters were synthesized by reacting sugars, i.e. glucose, soluble starch, and dextrin, with acetic anhydride in the presence of some catalysts. Their structures were confirmed by IR and MS. Influences of the reaction conditions, such as catalyst and its dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature and acetic anhydride content, on the value of degree of substitution (DS) and the yield for starch acetates had also been investigated. Results showed that glucose could be easily completely acetylated; acidic catalyst tended to form a configuration of α-glucose penta-acetate (α-GPA), while alkaline catalyst β-GPA. However, soluble starch and dextrin were more difficult to be completely substituted by acetic anhydride. The DS value of soluble starch was below 2; for dextrin, its DS value could reach 2.3, close to the theoretical value of 3. An appropriate reaction temperature and reaction time were important for high yield as well as high DS value.
The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Process in K2ZrF6 with Na2HPO4 Electrolyte
Authors: Wu Shi Kui , Wang Li
Published: December 2012

The plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) process of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte were investigated with disodium hydrogen phosphate used as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content of disodium hydrogen phosphate under constant voltage. The effect of disodium hydrogen phosphate on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that disodium hydrogen phosphate could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions significantly.
Photocatalytic Reaction of SiO2/TiO2 Composite Core-Shell Structured Powders
Authors: Sikong Lek , Masom Pattamon
Published: December 2012

In this study, SiO2/TiO2 core-shell powders were prepared by 2 steps of modified sol-gel method. Silica cores were firstly prepared. In this step, polyethylene glycol was introduced in order to control shape and size. At the second step, Zn, N co-doped TiO2 sols were prepared to coat on SiO2 cores by dipping method. The synthesized core-shell structured powders were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive X-ray spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and Fourier-transformed infrared spectrophotometer. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by means of degradation of methylene blue solution. The effect of polyethylene glycol utilized for controlling size and shape of silica cores was studied together with the effect of calcinations temperature and amount of Zn doping on anatase phase, morphology, and crystallite size and photocatalytic property. Silica cored particles are spherical shape having particle size of 300 nm. TiO2 coating resulted in a rough and textured surface of the core-shell particles and particle size about 400 nm. It was found that calcination temperature has a significant effect on degree of crystallinity of anatase phase, leading to enhancement of photocatalytic activity.
Point Defect States of Phononic Crystal Thin Plates – An Application of Finite Element Method
Authors: Yao Zong Jian , Yu Gui Lan , Wang Yue Sheng
Published: December 2012

In this paper, propagation of flexural vibration in phononic crystal thin plates with a point defect are explored using finite element method. The plate is composed of an array of circular crystalline Al2O3 cylinders embedded periodically in the epoxy matrix with a square lattice. The point defect is introduced by changing one of the cylinders’ radii. Comparing the results of finite element method with that of improved plane wave expansion method, complete and accurate band structures and transmission response curves are obtained using the former method to identify the point defect eigenmodes and band gaps. The results show that the finite element method is efficient and suitable for the exploring of point defect states of phononic crystal thin plates.
Temperature Dependence of Raman Scattering in M-Plane GaN with Varying III/V Ratios
Authors: Chen Cheng , Shu Xiang Ping , Sun Hua Yang , Qiu Zhi Ren , Liang Ting Wei , Tu Li Wei , Feng Zhe Chuan
Published: December 2012

The temperature dependence Raman scattering from m-plane GaN thin films grown on m-plane sapphire substrate by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) has been investigated. Three pieces of m-plane GaN films grown with different Ⅲ/Ⅴ ratios were studied by confocal micro-Raman spectrometer from -180 °C to 240 °C. Raman shift and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) were fitted by lorentzian line shape, which reveal the quality and compressive stress of sample. It’s obvious that the Raman shift and FWHM exhibit a quadratic dependence on temperature, and that the redshift of Raman peak position with increasing temperature should be due to anharmonic coupling to phonons of other branches, volume expansion or lattice dilation. Comparing the experiment data and calculated results, the three-phonons processes are dominant in the redshift of E1(LO) and E2(high).
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural and Electrical Properties of Bismuth Ferrite Thin Film
Authors: Zhang Min Fang , Liu Jing Song
Published: December 2012

The BiFeO3 thin film was prepared by sol-gel process on Pt/Si substrates. The dependences of structural, electrical properties on annealed temperature were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the pure phase of BiFeO3 thin film was obtained when annealed below 650°C for 60 minutes in air. The film annealed at lower temperature had denser surface morphology, and showed better electrical characteristic.
Assessment of the Seismic Vulnerability of Existing RC Buildings and Effect of the Irregular Position of the Masonry Panels on the Fragile Collapse Mechanisms
Authors: Cancellara Donato , de Angelis Fabio , Pasquino Vittorio
Published: December 2012

The present work deals with the evaluation of the level of seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete existing buildings situated in high seismic zone and designed for only gravitational loads. For assessing seismic performance, a Displacement Based Approach (DBA) is adopted and in particular the N2-metohd is used, according to Italian seismic code NTC 2008. The effect of the masonry infills on the seismic response of the structure is considered and a nonlinear model is adopted for all the panels considered in effective interaction with the frame structure. It is shown that the effect of the masonry infills, if improperly located within the building, can give rise to a worsening of the seismic performance of the structure. In fact particular locations of the masonry infills within the building can give rise to a fragile structural behavior due to a collapse mechanism of soft storey. A comparative analysis of a building is performed by considering the effects of the masonry infills and by considering the bare structural frame and it is shown that fragile collapse mechanisms can occur depending on the location of the effective masonry infills within the building. Consequently it is discussed how in a vulnerability analysis the procedure of neglecting the masonry infills not always is a procedure which operates for the benefit of security.
Densification and Purification of Cold Sprayed Ti Coating Layer by Using Annealing in Different Heat Treatment Environments
Authors: Yu Ji Sang , Kim Hyung Jun , Oh Ik Hyun , Lee Kee Ahn
Published: December 2012

This study investigated the densification and purification properties of cold sprayed titanium coating layer by using annealing in different heat treatment environments. The annealing was conducted at 600°C/1h and three kinds of environments of vacuum, Ar gas, and 5%H2+Ar mixture gas were controlled. Cold sprayed Ti coating layer (as sprayed) represented 6.7% of porosity and 228 HV of hardness. Regardless of gas environments, all of those thermally heat treated coating layers consisted of pure α-Ti and minimal oxide. Vacuum environment during heat treatment represented superior densification properties (3.8% porosity, 156.7 HV) to those of Ar gas (5.3%, 144.5 HV) and 5%H2+Ar mixture gas (5.5%, 153.1 HV). From the results of phase analysis (XRD, EPMA, SEM, EDS), it was found that vacuum environment during heat treatment could be effective for reducing oxide contents (purification) in the Ti coating layer. The characteristic of microstructural evolution with heat treatment found to be different at three different gas environments.
Repair Technology of Shafts in Boats and Ships
Authors: Huang Li Rong , He Zheng Zheng , Liu Zheng
Published: December 2012

Shafts in boats and ships are important compnents, but they can fail and need to be repaired or replaced for their special working environment, and their repair accounts for about 15% to 20% of total boats and ships. According to main failure modes of shafts in boats and ships, there are thermal spraying and surfacing welding. The study of repair technology of shafts in boats and ships can promote economic development, and meet the goal of green manufacturing.
Infrared Extinction Properties of Randomly Oriented Columnar Nano-Graphite Particles
Authors: Wang Hong Xia , Song Zi Biao , Yang Ni Chen , Ma Jin
Published: December 2012

The infrared extinction properties of columnar nano-graphite particles were studied based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method. The research results show that infrared extinction properties of columnar nano-graphite particles are associated with the shape and size of particles and wavelength. For cylindrical nano-graphite particles, when the effective radius aeff =100nm，the more the length-diameter ratio deviates from value 1, the better the performance of extinction is. Under the circumstance of the same volume and length-diameter ratio, the infrared extinction will be different if the cross-section shapes of columnar nano-graphite particles are different. The infrared extinction properties of triangular prism nano-graphite particles are the best among the four kinds columnar particles.
Preparation of High-Temperature-Resistance Silicone Paints
Authors: Li Guo Jun , Wei Yan Bin , Ren Rui Ming
Published: December 2012

Silicone paints were prepared by mixing as-synthesized silicone resin, pigments, fillers and other additives. The effects of the solvent, addition of pearlescent powder, addition of KH550, addition of butyl titanate and temperature on the performance of high-temperature-resistance silicon paints or coatings were studied. The results showed that the optimal coating was cured at room temperature and had no cracks after 10 times cold and hot alternation in the condition of 500oC~cold water. The pencil hardness and the adhesion of coating reached 3H and 1 level, respectively.
Modeling and Analysis on the Rotation Accuracy of Lathe Spindle
Authors: Huang Qiang , Wei Kun
Published: December 2012

The rotation accuracy of the machine spindle is an important accuracy index, and has numerous influence factors. According to the structure characteristic of the spindle system, an integrated model of the spindle rotation error is established in this paper. By this model, the impact law and cumulative effect of various error sources on spindle rotation accuracy can be analyzed. Taking the lathe spindles as an example, the modeling and analysis method for spindle error are introduced. Visualization of spindle center track is achieved by programming.
Numerical Simulation and Online Window Monitoring of SPR Process
Authors: He Xiao Cong , Hu Yue Bo , Xing Bao Ying , Ding Yan Fang , Zeng Kai
Published: December 2012

The need to create lighter vehicles to aid in reducing emissions and increase fuel efficiency has become increasingly important in recent years. Self-pierce riveting (SPR) has drawn more attention as it can join some advanced materials that are dissimilar and hard to weld. In present study, the SPR process has been numerically simulated using the commercial finite element (FE) software LS-Dyna. For validating the numerical simulation of the SPR process, experimental tests on specimens made of aluminium alloy have been carried out. The online window monitoring technique was used in the tests for evaluating the quality of SPR joints. Good agreements between the simulations and the tests have been found, both with respect to the force-travel curves as well as the deformed shape on the cross-section of SPR joint.