bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of the forensic psychiatry service at Zomba Mental Hospital and a comparison of forensic psychiatry services in Malawi and Scotland
Authors: Hayward David , White Tom , Kauye Felix
Published: May 2010

This retrospective case-note study describes the demographic details, offences and diagnostic characteristics of 283 patients admitted to Zomba Mental Hospital, Malawi, after early diversion from the Criminal Justice System between May 1997 and February 2007. Given the historical links between Malawi and Scotland and the ongoing involvement of Scottish psychiatrists in the development of psychiatry in Malawi, a comparison is drawn between the provision of secure psychiatric treatment in these low- and high-income countries. Consistent with Scottish prison mental health team referrals and Scottish high secure psychiatric patients, the Malawian patients were predominantly men, poorly educated and drug misusing, but alcohol was less often a problem. Affective disorders were rarely diagnosed, as is also the case in the equivalent Scottish populations. In Malawi, there appears to be a problem with aftercare because many of the patients had been detained before. The length of detention was very short, other than an exceptional finding for substance misuse – a mental disorder with no Mental Health Act equivalence in the UK. Absconding was the commonest outcome. Malawian patients diverted from the Criminal Justice System are treated on general adult psychiatry wards where few secure measures can be offered. Further, there is little capacity for follow-up, no community compulsion legislation exists and psychiatric expertise is limited to a few disparate sites. However, the service is developing and the data in this study represent a small part of that ongoing programme.
Electrocution-related mortality: a retrospective review of 118 deaths in Coimbatore, India, between January 2002 and December 2006
Authors: Shaha Kusa Kumar , Joe A Edwin
Published: May 2010

Electrical injuries currently remain a worldwide problem. These injuries are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality, but are usually preventable with simple safety measures. A retrospective study was undertaken of deaths due to electrocution that occurred over a five-year period from January 2002 to December 2006. The bodies were autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 118 cases were identified and all were accidental: 107 males (91%) and 11 females (9%) (male:female ratio = 9.72). The majority of deaths occurred in the 21–30 year age group ( n = 57, 48%). Most deaths ( n = 98; 83%) were due to low-voltage circuits (<1000 V); a minority were due to high voltages ( n = 20, 17%). Domestic accidents were responsible in 73 cases (61.86%). Deaths were caused most frequently by touching an electric wire ( n = 62; 52.54%). Most deaths occurred in the summer ( n = 50; 42%) with the lowest number of deaths occurring in winter. There was no electrical contact mark present in eight cases (6.7%). One hundred and four cases (88%) were dead on arrival at hospital. The most common cause of death was cardiac arrest, followed by septicaemia and renal failure. Congestion of the brain and oedematous lungs were frequent non-specific postmortem findings.
Pupil function as an indicator for being under the influence of central nervous system-acting substances from a traffic-medicine perspective
Authors: Monticelli Fabio , Priemer Fritz , Hitzl Wolfgang , Keller Thomas
Published: May 2010

To evaluate an individual's ability to drive safely, objective measurement methods are required. The primary aim of this study was to assess the applicability and value of infrared pupillography as an objective measurement method to indicate possible influence of central nervous system-acting substances. We exposed healthy test subjects ( n = 41), as well as persons who were under the influence of drugs and/or medication ( n = 105), to different light stimuli and tested the pupillary light reflex using infrared technology. The synoptic examination of numerous parameters, and the possibility of examination under various conditions, made it possible to achieve highly significant differentiation between persons who were under the influence of drugs and/or medication and control persons. Infrared pupillography represents an objective method of measuring pupil function, providing a reliable indicator of previous consumption of drugs and/or medication. In order to increase legal certainty it would thus appear desirable to make infrared pupillography a routine part of police checks in the near future.
Total replacement of the exocrine pancreas with fat following multiple blunt injuries
Authors: Hayashi Takahito , Yoshida Aichi , Ago Kazutoshi , Ago Mihoko , Ogata Mamoru
Published: May 2010

We describe an unusual case of total replacement of the exocrine pancreas with fat, which was observed in an autopsy of an assaulted victim. A woman in her early 80s was kicked, stamped and hit several times with firewood. She was hospitalized with disturbance of consciousness, left haemothorax and multiple fractures, and died about three months later. Postmortem examination revealed extensive abrasions and bruises, multiple fractures and internal organ injuries such as contusion and haemorrhage, as well as bronchopneumonia. It was concluded that the cause of her death was hypostatic pneumonia followed by traumatic shock due to multiple blunt injuries. Further, complete replacement of the pancreas with fat was observed in addition to a calculus in the main pancreatic duct and fibrous hypertrophy of the ductal wall. Histopathological examination revealed almost complete replacement of the pancreatic acini by fat tissue, whereas the islets of Langerhans were mostly intact. Antemortem laboratory data showed that serum amylase levels were almost within normal range before hospital admission, but underwent a transient abnormal elevation at admission followed by extremely low levels thereafter. Previous reports suggest that obstruction of both the main pancreatic duct and the artery, due to tumour formation or calculus in combination with arteriolar sclerosis, are necessary to induce total replacement of the pancreas with fat. Since arteriolar sclerosis was not remarkable in this case, we speculated that pancreatic ischaemia due to circulatory disturbance caused by traumatic shock, in combination with pre-existing calculus, may have contributed to the development of total replacement with fat. The temporal alterations in serum amylase levels support our speculation. There are few, if any, reports regarding organ replacement with fat in association with trauma. This case suggests that multiple injuries followed by traumatic shock may advance pre-existing replacement of the pancreas with fat.
Subunits of the Drosophila CCR4-NOT complex and their roles in mRNA deadenylation
Authors: Temme Claudia , Zhang Lianbing , Kremmer Elisabeth , Ihling Christian , Chartier Aymeric , Sinz Andrea , Simonelig Martine , Wahle Elmar
Published: May 2010

The CCR4-NOT complex is the main enzyme catalyzing the deadenylation of mRNA. We have investigated the composition of this complex in Drosophila melanogaster by immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody directed against NOT1. The CCR4, CAF1 (=POP2), NOT1, NOT2, NOT3, and CAF40 subunits were associated in a stable complex, but NOT4 was not. Factors known to be involved in mRNA regulation were prominent among the other proteins coprecipitated with the CCR4-NOT complex, as analyzed by mass spectrometry. The complex was localized mostly in the cytoplasm but did not appear to be a major component of P bodies. Of the known CCR4 paralogs, Nocturnin was found associated with the subunits of the CCR4-NOT complex, whereas Angel and 3635 were not. RNAi experiments in Schneider cells showed that CAF1, NOT1, NOT2, and NOT3 are required for bulk poly(A) shortening and hsp70 mRNA deadenylation, but knock-down of CCR4, CAF40, and NOT4 did not affect these processes. Overexpression of catalytically dead CAF1 had a dominant-negative effect on mRNA decay. In contrast, overexpression of inactive CCR4 had no effect. We conclude that CAF1 is the major catalytically important subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex in Drosophila Schneider cells. Nocturnin may also be involved in mRNA deadenylation, whereas there is no evidence for a similar role of Angel and 3635.
To Wave or Not to Wave? Order Release Policies for Warehouses with an Automated Sorter
Authors: Gallien Jérémie , Weber Théophane
Published: May 2010

Batch (wave) release policies are prevalent in warehouses with an automated sorter, and take different forms depending on how batches released consecutively may overlap downstream in the sorter. Continuous (waveless) release constitutes an emerging alternative recently adopted by several firms. Although that new policy presents several advantages relative to waves, it requires more expensive technology and involves the possibility of congestion-induced collapse (gridlock) at the sorter. Using an extensive data set of detailed warehouse flow information from a leading U.S. online retailer, we first develop a model with validated predictive accuracy for a warehouse operating under waveless release. We then use that model to compute operational guidelines for dynamically managing the main control lever of that policy with the goal of maximizing throughput while keeping the risk of gridlock under a specified threshold. Second, we leverage that model and data set to compare the performance of wave-based and waveless policies through simulation. The best waveless policy yields larger or equal throughput than the best wave-based policy in all scenarios considered, and thus appears to merit some consideration by practitioners.
Optimal Control of Inventory Systems with Multiple Types of Remanufacturable Products
Authors: Zhou Sean X. , Tao Zhijie , Chao Xiuli
Published: May 2010

Product returns have become a significant feature of many manufacturing systems. Because products are returned under different operational conditions, they usually require different remanufacturing effort/costs. Motivated by a project with a major energy company that manages its inventory through options of ordering and remanufacturing returned products (cores) in various condition, in this paper, we study a single-product, periodic-review inventory system with multiple types of cores. The serviceable products used to fulfill stochastic customer demand can be either manufactured from new parts or remanufactured from the cores, and the objective is to minimize the expected total discounted cost over a finite planning horizon. We show that the optimal manufacturing–remanufacturing–disposal policy has a simple structure and can be completely characterized by a sequence of constant control parameters when manufacturing and remanufacturing leadtimes are the same. To demonstrate the value of the optimal policy, we conduct a numerical study that compares its performance with two simple heuristics, namely, pull policy without and with sorting. The results show that the reduction in system cost by using the optimal policy can be significant. When manufacturing and remanufacturing leadtimes are different, we develop a heuristic method for computing the near-optimal control policy that performs quite well as demonstrated numerically.
Market Heterogeneity and Local Capacity Decisions in Services
Authors: Campbell Dennis , Frei Frances
Published: May 2010

We empirically document factors that influence how local operating managers use discretion to balance the trade-off between service capacity costs and customer sensitivity to service time. Our findings, using data from one of the largest financial services providers in the United States, indicate that customer sensitivity to service time varies widely and predictably with observable market characteristics. In turn, we find evidence that local operating managers account for market-specific customer sensitivities to service times by deviating frequently and in predictable ways from the recommendations offered by a centralized capacity-planning model. Finally, we document that these discretionary capacity supply decisions exhibit a strong learning effect whereby experienced operating managers place more weight than their less-experienced counterparts on the market-specific trade-off between service capacity costs and customer sensitivity to service times. Overall, our results demonstrate both the importance of local knowledge as an input in service operations and the potential for incorporating richer data on customer behavior and preferences into service cost and productivity standard metrics.
Systems thinking, knowledge and action: towards better models and methods
Authors: Best Allan , Holmes Bev
Published: May 2010

The way we think about how research, policy and practice inform and interact with each other shapes our efforts to improve health and social outcomes. In this paper we describe linear, relationship and systems models with regard to how they approach bridging evidence and policy/practice, or turning knowledge into action. We contribute to the knowledge to action (KTA) systems thinking discussion by highlighting four interconnected aspects of this model we believe merit exploration: evidence and knowledge, leadership, networks and communications. We conclude with the challenge of developing measurement methods for systems research to better understand the KTA process.
Evidence and policy: the case of social care services in Sweden
Authors: Soydan Haluk
Published: May 2010

This paper offers an account of contemporary efforts to introduce and refine the use of research evidence in policy and practice in Sweden with regard to the social care services system. The paper introduces the national context, the social care services system, and the knowledge generation and research funding mechanisms for the social work profession in Sweden. It then describes national policies and measures to advance evidence utilisation in social work practice. The account describes how the discourse on the use of knowledge in social work has shifted over time. It reflects on the Swedish experience in light of several models of the evidence to policy and practice relationship.
Analytical model of non-line-of-sight single-scatter propagation
Authors: Yin Hongwei , Chang Shengli , Wang Xiaofeng , Yang Jiankun , Yang Juncai , Tan Jichun
Published: May 2010

An analytical model of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) single-scatter propagation is presented that has no integral form and is intended for performance analysis and system design of NLOS UV communication. Based on isotropic scattering and a continuous wave transmitter, the analytical model is verified by the current NLOS single-scatter propagation model, with consistent results. Several rules concerning NLOS UV communication are put forward on the basis of this analytical model, which are shown as follows: on condition that the minimum single-scatter optical depth is less than 0.1, the path loss factor should be 1; to maintain the NLOS UV communication link, the transmitter needs to radiate neither a continuous wave nor a huge pulse but a low-power wave whose duration is approximately the duration of impulse response; the “best” extinction coefficient is approximately the inverse ratio of the efficient single-scatter range; on condition that the radiation intensity of the transmitter is fixed, the half field of views (FOVs) are positive factors, while the elevation angles are negative factors; on condition that the power of the transmitter is fixed, the conclusions mentioned above remain valid with the exception that the half FOV of the transmitter is a negative factor. These rules also apply to anisotropic scattering.
Approach for optimization of the color rendering index of light mixtures
Authors: Lin Ku Chin
Published: May 2010

The general CIE color rendering index (CRI) of light is an important index to evaluate the quality of illumination. However, because of the complexity in measurement of the rendering ability under designated constraints, an approach for general mathematical formulation and global optimization of the rendering ability of light emitting diode (LED) light mixtures is difficult to develop. This study is mainly devoted to developing mathematical formulation and a numerical method for the CRI optimization. The method is developed based on the so-called complex method [
Computer J.
8, 42 (1965)
;
G. V. Reklaitis et al., Engineering Optimization—Methods and Applications (Wiley, 1983)
] with modifications. It is first applicable to 3-color light mixtures and then extended to a hierarchical and iterative structure for higher-order light mixtures. The optimization is studied under the constraints of bounded relative intensities of the light mixture, designated correlated color temperature (CCT), and the required approximate white of the light mixture. The problems of inconsistent constraints and solutions are addressed. The CRI is a complicated function of the relative intensities of the compound illuminators of the mixture. The proposed method requires taking no derivatives of the function and is very adequate for the optimization. This is demonstrated by simulation for RGBW LED light mixtures. The results show that global and unique convergence to the optimal within required tolerances for CRI and spatial dispersivity is always achieved.
Interferometric Displacement Measurement for Local Probe MicroscopyInterferometrische Abstandsmessung für das scannende Mikroskopieverfahren
Authors: Lazar Josef , Čίp Ondřej , Cízek Martin , erý Mojmίr
Published: May 2010

In the contribution we present an interferometric displacement monitoring system for positioning of a sample stage for local probe microscopy. The arrangement is designed for metrology applications with direct link to fundamental etalon of length and monitoring of all six axes of freedom of motion. Active position of control is proposed.
A Building Ostracon from Deir el-Bahari
Authors: Barwik Mirosław
Published: May 2010

Ostracon inv. no. F.7077 was found in the 1960s in the area of the Thutmosis III temple at Deir el-Bahari, and a missing fragment in the season 1986/87 on the dumps between the Chapel of Hathor and the temple of Mentuhotep II Nebhepetre. An analysis of the text enables us to draw the conclusion that it is connected with an opening stage of work on the temple of Thutmosis III, possibly with the excavation of the temple platform hewn out in the bedrock to the south of the Hatshepsut temple. If such is the case, then the beginning of work on the Thutmosis III temple started about regnal year 43, documented by the present ostracon, which is the earliest of the series of documents dealing with the temple project. A change of the name of the temple (from Djeser-menu into Djeser-achet) took place some time between year 43 (II peret) and year 45 (IV peret), when work on the temple platform and pavement was nearly completed.
Agents of Taiwan-China Unification? The Political Roles of Taiwanese Business People in the Process of Cross-Strait Integration
Authors: Keng Shu , Schubert Gunter
Published: May 2010

The political roles of Taiwanese business people (taishang) in cross-strait relations have been increasingly noteworthy under Hu Jintao's policy of "counting on the Taiwanese people." But contrary to widely accepted allegations, this paper argues that attempts by China to use Taiwanese business people as a means to gain political leverage over Taiwan will probably not pan out as a successful strategy.
The Transformation of Mongolia's Political System: From Semi-parliamentary to Parliamentary?
Authors: Munkh-Erdene Lhamsuren
Published: May 2010

This paper outlines Mongolia's regime transformation, focusing on its 2000 constitutional amendments that turned Mongolia into a parliamentary system, albeit with a popularly elected fixed-term president. The paper also emphasizes the prominence of institutional authority to form the executive in determining regime type, and makes an effort to clarify Duverger's second criterion of semi-presidentialism as the presidential authority to form the cabinet.
Private Equity and Asian Political Economy: "Domestic" Private Equity Funds as New Actors
Authors: Robertson Justin
Published: May 2010

Private equity funds, particularly those headquartered in the U.S., have come under heavy attack internationally from civil society and regulators. At the same time, locally owned private equity funds have unexpectedly appeared in significant numbers across emerging markets. The analysis in this paper illustrates how actors that are only notionally domestic are introducing the neoliberal private equity model into Asian countries, particularly China and Korea.
India's Developing Relationship with South Korea: A Useful Friend in East Asia
Authors: Brewster David
Published: May 2010

The long-standing strategic disconnect between South Asia and the Korean Peninsula is breaking down. Driven by the changing balance of power in Asia, India and South Korea have developed a strong economic partnership, and taken small but significant steps toward a political and security relationship that refects their numerous shared strategic interests. This article explores the contours of this evolving relationship.
A Fresh Look at Sociology Bestsellers
Authors: Longhofer Wesley , Golden Shannon , Baiocchi Arturo
Published: May 2010

A little over a decade ago, ASA past-president Herbert Gans embarked upon an intriguing and, to our knowledge, unprecedented study of bestselling books written by professional sociologists. On the heels of his presidential campaign tomake sociologymore visible and influential to the lay public, Gans believed such a study would help us better understand the general reading public's interest in and understanding of sociology's knowledge, information, and insights.
The Changing Landscape of Love and Marriage
Authors: Hull Kathleen E. , Meier Ann , Ortyl Timothy
Published: May 2010

Celebrities breaking up, making up, and having kids out of wedlock. Politicians confessing to extramarital affairs and visits to prostitutes. Same-sex couples pushing for, and sometimes getting, legal recognitionfor their committed relationships. Today's news provides a steady stream of stories that seem to suggest that lifelong love and (heterosexual)marriage are about as dated as a horse and carriage. Social conservatives continue sounding the alarm about the consequences of the decline ofmarriage and the rise of unwed parenting for children and for society at large. Are we really leaving behind the old model of intimacy, or are these changes significant but not radical? And what are the driving forces behind the changes?
Industry-Driven
Authors: Walker Edward
Published: May 2010

Sociologists who study social movements know that grassroots organizing tactics, as social change tools, tend to be favored by institutional outsiders. But recent scholarship and developments in the health care debate suggest that these “weapons of the weak” are increasingly used by powerful insiders.
What the Census Taught Me About Myself
Authors: Sabo Leah
Published: May 2010

Life never really goes the way I expect. Oneminute I'meight and in the 3rd grade, telling everyone that I'mgoing to be the world's best lawyer, and the next I'm21, attending community college and cramming courses into my schedule so I can graduate with a teaching credential in less than five years. One day I'm playing make believe with my friends on the field behind my elementary school, and the next I'm bussing tables and holding out hope for a coveted server job. Sometimes when I get really stressed, I forget how lucky I've been, being born in to an upper-middle class family and living in two sheltered communitiesmy entire life. This essay examines the two communities that I grew up in—Irvine, California and Littleton, Colorado—and how these communities affected my socialization from that playground prosecutor to the person I am today.
Humans Rapidly Learn Grammatical Structure in a New Musical Scale
Authors: Loui Psyche , Wessel David L. , Kam Carla L. Hudson
Published: May 2010

KNOWLEDGE OF MUSICAL RULES AND STRUCTURES HAS been reliably demonstrated in humans of different ages, cultures, and levels of music training, and has been linked to our musical preferences. However, how humans acquire knowledge of and develop preferences for music remains unknown. The present study shows that humans rapidly develop knowledge and preferences when given limited exposure to a new musical system. Using a nontraditional, unfamiliar musical scale (Bohlen-Pierce scale), we created finite-state musical grammars from which we composed sets of melodies.After 25-30 min of passive exposure to the melodies, participants showed extensive learning as characterized by recognition, generalization, and sensitivity to the event frequencies in their given grammar, as well as increased preference for repeated melodies in the new musical system. Results provide evidence that a domain-general statistical learning mechanism may account for much of the human appreciation for music.
Perception of Emotion in Sounded and Imagined Music
Authors: Lucas Brian J. , Schubert Emery , Halpern Andrea R.
Published: May 2010

WE STUDIED THE EMOTIONAL RESPONSES BY MUSICIANS to familiar classical music excerpts both when the music was sounded, and when it was imagined.We used continuous response methodology to record response profiles for the dimensions of valence and arousal simultaneously and then on the single dimension of emotionality. The response profiles were compared using cross-correlation analysis, and an analysis of responses to musical feature turning points, which isolate instances of change in musical features thought to influence valence and arousal responses. We found strong similarity between the use of an emotionality arousal scale across the stimuli, regardless of condition (imagined or sounded). A majority of participants were able to create emotional response profiles while imagining the music, which were similar in timing to the response profiles created while listening to the sounded music.We conclude that similar mechanisms may be involved in the processing of emotion in music when the music is sounded and when imagined.
Accuracy of Photographic Assessment Compared with Standard Anthropometric Measurements in Nonsynostotic Cranial Deformities
Authors: Schaaf Heidrun , Wilbrand Jan-Falco , Boedeker Rolf-Hasso , Howaldt Hans-Peter
Published: May 2010

Objective

Anthropometric landmarks of the skull have traditionally been used to describe cranial deformities resulting from nonsynostotic plagiocephaly or brachycephaly. Recently, digital photography has become an important tool for characterizing facial and cranial pathologies. The purpose of this study was to compare standard anthropometric cranial measurements with measurements taken from cranial photographs.

Patients

Standardized digital images in the supracranial view and cranial anthropometric measurements were obtained from 122 children between the ages of 3 and 15 months. The photographs were assessed using Quick Ceph® software. The cephalic index and cranial vault asymmetry index were used to indicate the degree of cranial deformity. Children were classified into plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and the combination of both. To determine interobserver variability, two clinicians separately measured the cephalic index and cranial vault asymmetry index from digital photographs in 70 infants of the plagiocephalic group.

Results

To compare interassay reliability for these methods of obtaining the cephalic index and cranial vault asymmetry index, the differences between photographically and anthropometrically derived values were plotted against anthropometrically derived values alone (Bland-Altman plots). The photographic method satisfied the limits of agreement (cephalic index, 7.51%; cranial vault asymmetry index, 6.57%) and showed slightly lower values represented by the respective bias (cephalic index, 1.79%; cranial vault asymmetry index, 3.03%). Comparison between observers revealed excellent agreement, detected by the intraclass correlation coefficient of .982 for the cephalic index and .946 for the cranial vault asymmetry index.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that digital photography is a reliable tool for quantifying cranial deformities. Furthermore, it is rapid, noninvasive, and reproducible. However, we continue to use both methods in clinical practice.
Side of Dental Anomalies and Taurodontism as Potential Clinical Markers for Cleft Subphenotypes
Authors: Küchler Erika Calvano , da Motta Luise Gomes , Vieira Alexandre Rezende , Granjeiro José Mauro
Published: May 2010

Objective

The aim of this work was to investigate in more detail the dental clinical features that could serve to define subphenotypes of oral clefts.

Design

Dental records of oral cleft subjects from a group of 164 cases were examined, and 157 were included in this study. In addition, 65 families with two or more siblings born with clefts and 30 control families were evaluated to determine whether dental phenotypes were sporadic. Type of oral cleft and dental phenotypes (tooth agenesis, supernumerary teeth, taurodontism, dental transposition, and microdontia) outside the cleft area were investigated. Association of dental anomalies with preferential subtypes of cleft (subphenotype) was assessed.

Results

A total of 74 subjects presented at least one developmental dental anomaly. Tooth agenesis was the most common dental anomaly (28.6%), followed by taurodontism (15.2%). Supernumerary teeth were associated with cleft palate only ( p = .05). The absence of maxillary left lateral incisors was significantly associated with unilateral right cleft lip ( p = .02). Bilateral clefts were strongly associated with bilateral dental anomalies ( p < 0.001). In the cleft lip and palate group, tooth agenesis was associated with dental transposition ( p = .03) and with supernumerary teeth ( p = .009). Subjects with oral clefts have a higher risk of tooth agenesis (odds ratio = 3.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 10.13) and taurodontism (odds ratio = 3.95; 95% confidence interval, 2.28 to 6.82). Tooth agenesis, microdontic upper lateral incisors, and supernumerary teeth were most commonly found in unaffected siblings and parents of children born with clefts in comparison with families with no family history of clefts ( p = .01).

Conclusion

The preferential associations between specific cleft types with dental phenotypes suggest dental anomalies can be used as clinical markers to define the subphenotype isolated cleft lip and palate.
The Ideal Timing for Experimental Cleft Lip Creation
Authors: Leitão Jessico M. , Pereira Luis A.V. , Gonçalves Frances L.L. , Schmidt Augusto F. , Sbragia Lourenço
Published: May 2010

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital defect of the face. Many animal models have been utilized to study embryogenesis and pathogenesis of CLP, including the development of secondary anomalies and consequent deformities. However, the ideal gestational age for surgical creation of lip or palate defects in rat models has never been determined. The aim of the present study is to improve the experimental model utilizing rat fetuses, defining the most appropriate timing for creation of the lip defect model. The study was composed of three groups of fetuses undergoing surgical creation of a lip defect at the left side of the superior lip at 17.5, 18.5, and 19.5 days of gestation. Fetuses were harvested at 21.5 days of gestation (term = 22 days) and underwent macroscopic and microscopic analyses. We found that the most appropriate moment for lip defect creation was at 19.5 days, given the presence of lip depression at the site of the defect and asymmetry and retraction associated with interruption of the lip and complete reepithelialization of the borders of the defect.
Prevalence at Birth of Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate: Data from the International Perinatal Database of Typical Oral Clefts (IPDTOC)
Authors:   IPDTOC Working Group
Published: May 2010

As part of a collaborative project on the epidemiology of craniofacial anomalies, funded by the National Institutes for Dental and Craniofacial Research and channeled through the Human Genetics Programme of the World Health Organization, the International Perinatal Database of Typical Orofacial Clefts (IPDTOC) was established in 2003. IPDTOC is collecting case-by-case information on cleft lip with or without cleft palate and on cleft palate alone from birth defects registries contributing to at least one of three collaborative organizations: European Surveillance Systems of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) in Europe, National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) in the United States, and International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR) worldwide. Analysis of the collected information is performed centrally at the ICBDSR Centre in Rome, Italy, to maximize the comparability of results. The present paper, the first of a series, reports data on the prevalence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate from 54 registries in 30 countries over at least 1 complete year during the period 2000 to 2005. Thus, the denominator comprises more than 7.5 million births. A total of 7704 cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (7141 livebirths, 237 stillbirths, 301 terminations of pregnancy, and 25 with pregnancy outcome unknown) were available. The overall prevalence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate was 9.92 per 10,000. The prevalence of cleft lip was 3.28 per 10,000, and that of cleft lip and palate was 6.64 per 10,000. There were 5918 cases (76.8%) that were isolated, 1224 (15.9%) had malformations in other systems, and 562 (7.3%) occurred as part of recognized syndromes. Cases with greater dysmorphological severity of cleft lip with or without cleft palate were more likely to include malformations of other systems.
Glucose inhibits angiogenesis of isolated human pancreatic islets
Authors: Dubois S , Madec A M , Mesnier A , Armanet M , Chikh K , Berney T , Thivolet Ch
Published: May 2010

Owing to strong interactions between pancreatic islets and the surrounding capillary network, we hypothesized that high glucose concentrations might affect key angiogenesis factors from isolated human islets, thus contributing to β-cell failure in diabetes. Human islets from eight distinct donors were studied following 96 h in culture in the presence of normal (5.5 mmol/l) or high (16.7 mmol/l) glucose concentrations. Similar studies were performed with HUVECs. Human angiogenesis-related genes and corresponding proteins were studied by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and protein arrays respectively. Angiogenesis and proliferation assays were also performed with HUVECs under the same culture conditions. RT-qPCR and proteome analysis of human islets incubated with 16.7 mM/l glucose revealed a significant decrease in pro-angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA by 20% and VEGF protein levels by 42% as well as additional proteins such as fibroblast growth factor-4 by 41%, MMP9 by 18%, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by 21%, and prolactin by 25%. In contrast, we observed a 17% increase in thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1, listed as THBS1 in the HUGO database) and a 37% increase in angiotensinogen gene expression levels, but neither angiotensin-converting enzyme nor angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene expression was affected. The amounts of anti-angiogenic proteins such as TSP-1 and serpin B5/maspin were also increased by 70 and 98% respectively as well as endostatin by 63%. Angiogenesis assays of HUVECS in the presence of high glucose concentrations revealed a 30% decrease in tree-like tubular network formation. These data suggest that glucose reduces key factors of islet angiogenesis, which might exacerbate β-cell failure.
Treatment of Multiple Gingival Recession Defects Using Periosteal Pedicle Graft: A Case Series
Authors: Mahajan Ajay
Published: May 2010

Background: The periosteum is a highly vascular connective tissue with immense regenerative potential. These qualities make it a suitable autogenous graft. A technique is described for using an autogenous periosteal pedicle graft (PPG) for the treatment of multiple gingival recession defects.

Methods: Twenty teeth in six subjects with Miller Class I and II recessions ≥2 mm were treated using PPGs. In addition to the depth of the gingival recession defect, the probing depth and widths of keratinized and attached gingiva were recorded. The mean ± SD was calculated for each of the clinical parameters. The paired t test was used to test the significance of the change.

Results: At the end of 1 year, 90.95% of root coverage was attained with a significant increase in the widths of keratinized and attached gingiva (P = 0.0001); no change was observed in probing depths (P = 0.36).

Conclusion: The PPG technique can be successfully used for the treatment of multiple gingival recession defects.
Effects of Occlusal Overload on Peri‐Implant Tissue Health: A Systematic Review of Animal‐Model Studies
Authors: Chambrone Leandro , Chambrone Luiz A. , Lima Luiz A.
Published: May 2010

Background: This study systematically evaluates the effect of occlusal overload (OV) on peri‐implant tissue health in animal studies.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS databases were searched for articles published up to and including January 2010. Studies that reported outcomes of non‐splinted titanium dental implants submitted to OV were eligible for inclusion. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), radiographic and histologic distances from the implant base to the most coronal point of bone‐to‐implant contact (RDIB and DIB, respectively), and bone density (BD) were the main outcomes of interest.

Results: Two controlled trials were included in this review and both were considered at a high risk of bias. The marked heterogeneity between studies did not allow data to be combined for meta‐analyses. Two studies reported no association between OV and peri‐implant tissue breakdown in the absence of dental plaque, with PD and CAL varying from 2 to 3 mm at the end of the experiments. In the presence of plaque accumulation, OV played a key role in peri‐implant tissue breakdown (PD change: 5.3 mm; DIB: 6.0 mm). Trends suggested that OV may increase BD.

Conclusions: Data on OV on stable implants are limited and conflicting. OV may lead to bone loss in the presence of dental plaque and to an increase in BD in areas where plaque control is performed.
The Development and Validity Analysis of a Self-Learning Ability Questionnaire for Management Cadets
Authors: Wen Jing , Shi Jin , Sun Haoyuan , Shao Yongcong
Published: May 2010

A self-learning ability questionnaire for management cadets was developed and tested for validity and reliability. Participants were 484 undergraduate management students. Confirmatory factor analysis and other statistical methods yielded results which indicated good correlation coefficients
for item discrimination, and satisfied split-half reliability and test-retest reliability. Five key factors of motivation, selection, cooperation and communication, self-regulation, and self-evaluation were identified, which could explain 70.6% of the overall variance. In general, the results
indicated that the questionnaire has high reliability and validity. The scale should be suitable for use in the evaluation of self-learning ability of management personnel.
The Role of Sociocognitive Mediators in the Beliefs-Intentions Relationship: Snacking Behavior
Authors: Shahanjarini Akram Karimi , Rashidian Arash , Majdzadeh Reza , Omidvar Nasrin , Shojaeezadeh Davood
Published: May 2010

The mediating role of the theory of planned behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991) constructs in the belief constructs-intention relationship is examined in this study. We investigated the mediation ability of TPB constructs on Iranian adolescents' intentions to consume unhealthy snacks. A sample
of 739 adolescents completed questionnaires assessing behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intentions. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that measures had discriminant validity. Analysis showed that attitudes and
PBC only partially mediate the effect of behavioral and power beliefs, on intention. This finding suggests that the predictive power of TPB will increase with the inclusion of belief components.
O semantickoj kategoriji stepena u srpskoj slozenoj recenici
Authors: Piper Predrag
Published: May 2010

V stat'e vyjavljajutsja svjazi mezdu sloznymi predlozenijami v serbskom jazyke, obladajuscimi kategorial'nym znaceniem stepeni raskryvaetsja raznoobrazie semanticeskih otnosenij mezdu takimi predlozenijami i raznoobrazie sredstv ih vyrazenija. Poskol'ku kategorial'noe znacenie stepeni vsegda sosuscestvuet s drugimi znacenijami, v stat'e rassmatrivajutsja slucai vyrazenija stepeni, kak pervicnogo znacenija, ili kak vtoricnogo, soputstvujuscego znacenija. Predlagaetsja klassifikacija sloznyh predlozenij v serbskom jazyke, vyrazajuscih stepen', v osnovu kotoroj zalozeno razlicenie tozdestvennosti / netozdestvennosti, shodstva, razlicija i protivopoloznosti.
On honorification in Czech: The Czech polite forms: Theory and corpus data
Authors: Panevova Jarmila
Published: May 2010

The author claims that the Czech polite forms (so-called 'vykani') for addressing the 2nd person should be understood as a legitimate part of the Czech conjugation paradigm. If we address a single person in a polite way some Czech analytical verb forms exhibit 'hybrid' agreement (auxiliaries are in plural, while participle form is in singular). However, the paradigm for singular and plural polite forms (addressing a single person, or two or more persons, respectively) is not symmetrical. The question, whether 2nd person plural polite forms are ambiguous (between the polite meaning and 2nd plural non-polite), or whether the semantic distinction 'polite - non-polite' is neutralized in plural, is open for further discussion. Some corpus data illustrating the contexts for the 2nd person polite forms are analyzed here too.
Vremenska odredba zavisne vremenske recenice u savremenom srpskom jeziku
Authors: Tanasic Sreto
Published: May 2010

V nastojascej rabote rassmatrivaetsja odin vid vremennoj determina cii glagol'nogo dejstvija v sloznopodcinennom vremennom predloze nii. V naucnoj i grammaticeskoj literature obycno govorjat o vremen noj determinacii dejstvija, vyrazennogo predikatom upravljajuscej kla uzy. Odnako, i dejstvie podcinennoj vremennoj klauzy casto determi niruetsja kategoriej vremeni. V dannoj rabote, na materiale sovremen nogo serbskogo jazyka, analiziruetsja imenno ?to javlenie. Avtor pokazal, cto suscestvuet neskol'ko sposobov vremennoj determi nacii dejstvija, vyrazennogo predikatom zavisimoj vremennoj klauzy. Analiz pokazal, cto glagol'noe dejstvie v zavisimoj vremennoj klauze mozno s tocki zrenija vremeni determinirovat' tem ze sposobom, kak i dejstvie v upravljajuscej klauze: naarecnym obstojatel'stvom, kakojni bud' formoj padeza ili depricastiem, a takze vremennoj klauzoj, napr. Tek kad jedno vece u Cvetnoj nedelji, naidje kada se ona kupala, u izbi sa velikom zemljanom peci? i pomisli da udje tamo, poce drhtati. Posled nij slucaj dovol'no redko vstrecaetsja, no on sovsem reguljaren v sovre mennom serbskom jazyke.
Geminate u Njegosevom Gorskom vijencu
Authors: Cupic Drago
Published: May 2010

Avtor predstavljaet 'repertuar' geminat, t.e. dvojnyh soglasnyh v 'Gornom vence' Negosa i konstatiruet, cto oni nemnogocislenny. Geminaty posluzili po?tu kak ritmiceskaja 'opora' pri sozdanii stihov v dannom po?ticeskom proizvedenii.
Pozicioniranje zavisnih recenica u starosrpskom jeziku
Authors: Pavlovic Slobodan
Published: May 2010

V nastojascej rabote rassmatrivaetsja pozicija pridatocnogo predlozenija v svete sintaksiceskoj strategii oformlenija sloznogo predlozenija v staroserbskom jazyke ot konca XII-go do poloviny XV-go veka. Staroserbskoe pridatocnoe predlozenie moglo byt' v prepozicii, v postpozicii ili (redko) v interpozicii, cto bylo obuslovleno ne tol'ko genezisom semantikoj (ikonicnost'ju), funkciej i pragmaticeskim statusom gipotakticeskoj struktury, no i sintaksiceskoj tipologiej, t. e. tipologiej porjadka slov. Staroserbskij jazyk prinadlezit k tipu SVO (podlezascee - skazuemoe - prjamoe dopolnenie). Porjadok slov v predlozenii progressivnyj sintaksiceski zavisimye cleny obycno sledujut za glavnym, cto moglo vlijat' i na formirovanie sloznogo predlozenija.
From the noun (h)atar 'will, favour, mercy' to the adjective bezajtren 'careless'
Authors: Petrovic Snezana
Published: May 2010

The paper analyzes different forms and meanings of the Turkish loan-word (h)atar 'will, favour, mercy' and its lexical family. It also emphasizes the use of the words analyzed in specific phraseological structures and the meanings derived from respective contexts. These are accompanied by parallels from other Balkan languages as well as their Turkish prototypes - whenever they are attested. The paper also offers an etymological explanation of the dialectal adjective bezajtren 'careless'.
Dynamics of linguistic and social change: Minority languages in Hungary and the sociolinguistic situation of Serbian
Authors: Ilic Marija
Published: May 2010

Over the past decades, minority languages and processes of language shift/maintenance have become an important scholarly concern. This paper aims to describe in brief the sociolinguistic situation of the Serbian minority language in Hungary with special attention paid to the relation between language ideology and processes of language shift/maintenance. The first section of this paper presents the current socio-political framework for protection of minority languages in Hungary. The second paper's section provides an overview of the main sociolinguistic surveys of the minority languages in Hungary that have had many centuries of contact with Serbian i.e. German, Romanian, Bulgarian, and Croatian. Finally, the paper provides a quick recapitulation of the Serbian language research in Hungary, and depicts the current sociolinguistic situation of Serbian.
O funkcionalno-semantickoj kategoriji egzistencije u srpskom jeziku
Authors: Lazic-Konjik Ivana
Published: May 2010

V nastojascej rabote rassmatrivajutsja osnovnye voprosy, svjazannye s funkcional'no-semanticeskoj kategoriej ?kzistencii v serbskom jazyke. Kategorija ?kzistencii javljaetsja universal'noj semanticeskoj kategoriej bol'sogo ob''ema, s nedostatocno jasno opredelennymi granicami. Ona ohvatyvaet razlicnye vidy i fazy suscestvovanija. Buduci organizovannoj kak funkcional'no-semanticeskoe pole, ona obladaet sloznoj, ierarhiceski ustroennoj strukturoj. Centr FSP ?kzistencii v serbskom jazyke sostavljajut leksiceskie i sintaksiceskie jazykovye sredstva: leksiceskij centr konstituirujut ?kzistencial'nye glagoly (napr. biti, bivati, postojati egzistirati, ziveti, prisustvovati), sintaksiceskij - predlozenija, imejuscie v kacestve predikata ?ti ?kzistencial'nye glagoly v svoem osnovnom znacenii. K periferii polja otnosatsja ostal'nye sredstva dlja vyrazenija ?kzistencial'nogo znacenija: blize k centru raspolozeny glagoly imati i nalaziti se, a takze predlozenija, imejuscie v svoem sostave dannye glagoly v kacestve predikata; tut imejutsja i nominativnye predlozenija, a zatem sledujut razlicnye polnoznacnye glagoly, kotorye mogut vystupat' v kacestve ?kzistencial'nyh glagolov, oboznacaja odnovremenno i ?kzistenciju i sposob ili fazu ?kzistencii.