bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Preprocessing Technique for Multimodality Breast Cancer Images
Authors: Y. K. Anupama , S. Amutha , Ramesh Babu D. R.
Published: June 2023

On average, one in every eight women is diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime, and accounts for 14% of cancers in women. Since early diagnosis could improve treatment outcomes and longer survival times for patients, it is absolutely necessary to develop techniques to classify lesions within breast cancer mammograms and ultrasound images. The main goal is to determine the class of tumor present within the image, which is pivotal in diagnosing breast cancer patients. In this paper, we propose an Sobel-Canny-Gabor(SCG) model, which is a hybrid model that implements three different edge detection filters; Sobel filter, Gabor filter, and Canny filter. This model is used to enhance the appearance of the mammogram and ultrasound images, which is then fed into a classification model. Through classification, there could be a potential improvement in the results of the overall classification. Post-classification, the model is then evaluated using the metric Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), which measures the quality between the original image and the compressed image.On average, one in every eight women is diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime, and accounts for 14% of cancers in women. Since early diagnosis could improve treatment outcomes and longer survival times for patients, it is absolutely necessary to develop techniques to classify lesions within breast cancer mammograms and ultrasound images. The main goal is to determine the class of tumor present within the image, which is pivotal in diagnosing breast cancer patients. In this paper, we propose an Sobel-Canny-Gabor(SCG) model, which is a hybrid model that implements three different edge detection filters; Sobel filter, Gabor filter, and Canny filter. This model is used to enhance the appearance of the mammogram and ultrasound images, which is then fed into a classification model. Through classification, there could be a potential improvement in the results of the overall classification. Post-classification, the model is then evaluated using the metric Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), which measures the quality between the original image and the compressed image.
L’évolution de la professionnalité des inspecteurs pédagogiques régionaux d’éducation physique et sportive dans les années 1980 et 1990
Authors: Lebossé Clémence
Published: June 2023

À partir d’un travail associant l’analyse de sources d’archives, de sources imprimées et de sources orales, cette contribution se propose de mettre au jour, dans les années 1980 et 1990, l’extension du domaine managérial au secteur de l’Inspection pédagogique en charge de l’éducation physique et sportive (EPS). Sous l’influence conjointe du rattachement de cette discipline d’enseignement à l’Éducation nationale et du développement du Nouveau Management Public, la professionnalité de ces acteurs et de ces actrices de l’EPS évolue en réponse aux nouvelles exigences d’évaluation et de performance du système éducatif français. Le modèle de l’inspecteur ou de l’inspectrice de terrain, sanctionnant les actes pédagogiques des enseignants et des enseignantes d’EPS, est délaissé au profit du modèle de l’expert gestionnaire et multi-tâches sommé de maitriser de nouvelles techniques d’audit, d’évaluation et de contrôle.
A Comprehensive Survey on Rehabilitative Applications of Electroencephalogram in Healthcare
Authors: Chatterjee Pritam , Ghosh Ahona , Saha Sriparna
Published: June 2023

A set of therapeutic control required for persons suffering from or expected to suffer from limitations in daily living activities is called rehabilitation which can restore or improve the functional ability in a stipulated time. These abilities can be from the physical aspect, can be from mental aspect and can be from cognitive perspective also. During human interaction, sensation or emotion plays a major role. To collect this sensation, the most important work is to implement an emotion collection system recording the signal accurately. The present chapter discusses all the implemented methodologies and the corresponding applications. The first one is concerned with a set of recommendations to overcome the shortcomings of the existing works and the second one is about a detailed analysis of the steps to be performed for achieving proper rehabilitative aid for future research in this concerned area.
The Link Between Privacy and Disclosure Behavior in Social Networks
Authors: Daradkeh Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Based on the antecedent-privacy concern-outcome (APCO) model of privacy concerns, this study developed a moderated mediation model to investigate the mechanisms by which social media privacy policies (including both privacy policy understanding and perceived effectiveness dimensions) influence self-disclosure. The model was tested in this study using a deductive approach and a quantitative research strategy. In this study, a self-reported questionnaire was used to collect information from social media users. To test the research model and hypotheses, we used multiple regression analysis. According to the results of this study, trust in social media mediated the relationship between privacy policy and self-disclosure, while privacy costs moderated the relationship between privacy policy and trust in social media. Furthermore, the link between privacy policy and self-disclosure is a complex multicollinear model with mediating effects rather than a simple linear model.
Security Issues in the Internet of Things for the Development of Smart Cities
Authors: Haroon Mohammad , Misra Dinesh Kumar , Husain Mohammad , Tripathi Manish Madhav , Khan Afsaruddin
Published: June 2023

A city is defined as a group of living and nonliving objects; cities generally have good systems for housing, transportation, hygiene, services, among other things. In prior years, a larger amount of the population was rural, whereas in modern times, the concept of urbanization and a mass exodus to cities has had a profound impact of sustainability on a global scale. A smart city is a concept that participates in information and communication technology with the use of various physical devices to help reduce and optimize the city's daily routine. When thinking of a smart city, one can imagine a layered architecture with infrastructure at the bottom; and connectivity accessibility in security systems in the middle; and at the top are different services that are gearted towards various consumers of the city.
Computer Vision and Machine Learning for Smart Farming and Agriculture Practices
Authors: Kalinaki Kassim , Shafik Wasswa , Gutu Tar J. L. , Malik Owais Ahmed
Published: June 2023

The advent of cutting-edge techniques such as Computer Vision (CV) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have sparked a revolution in the agricultural industry, with applications ranging from crop and livestock monitoring to yield optimization, crop grading and sorting, pest and disease identification, and pesticide spraying among others. By leveraging these innovative techniques, sustainable farming practices are being adopted to ensure future food security. With the help of CV, AI, and related methods, such as Machine Learning (ML) together with Deep Learning (DL), key stakeholders can gain invaluable insights into the performance of agricultural and farm initiatives, enabling them to make data-driven decisions without the need for direct interaction. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the requirements, techniques, applications, and future directions for smart farming and agriculture. Different vital stakeholders, researchers, and students who have a keen interest in this field would find the discussions in this chapter insightful.
AI-Enabled IoT and WSN-Integrated Smart Agriculture System
Authors: Koshariya Ashok Kumar , Kalaiyarasi D. , Jovith A. Arokiaraj , Sivakami T. , Hasan Dler Salih , Boopathi Sampath
Published: June 2023

Agriculture and farming have gotten smarter as a result of the use of current technology such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the Internet of Things (IoT). Smart farming is an enhanced agriculture system that offers data such as temperature, soil moisture, and so on, to assist in the growth of plants and cattle. It integrates wireless sensors and the internet to collect and communicate information with farmers. The priority event-based energy efficient algorithm developed in this study is utilized for accurate and efficient information transmission regarding power consumption and node priority. The major goal of the IoT-sensor network in this chapter is to increase farm productivity and extend its lifespan by applying intelligent algorithms such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to recognize environmental conditions and improve total production. Priority event-based energy efficient method reduces energy usage and increases the lifetime using Dijkstra's algorithm.
Exploring Intention to Purchase Energy-Efficient Home Appliances
Authors: Bouarar Ahmed Chemseddine , Mouloudj Kamel , Makhlouf Asma , Mouloudj Smail
Published: June 2023

The corporations' irrational behavior and individuals' alike had a disastrous effect on the environment due to increasing energy consumption and causing a massive squandering of natural resources. That prompted researchers and practitioners worldwide (in developed and developing countries) to consider and pay immense attention to saving energy behavior. Hence, this chapter seeks to identify the factors that affect the intention to purchase energy-efficient home appliances in Algeria. Data were collected using a convenience sample; consumers in three cities were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey. The analysis was ultimately conducted on 193 valid questionnaires. The findings revealed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and environmental awareness positively impacted the intention to purchase energy-efficient home appliances. Therefore, this chapter provides relevant policy recommendations on stimulating consumer's intention to purchase energy-efficient home appliances.
Factors Affecting the Purchase Intention of Indian Youths
Authors: Krishnan Akamsha , Mehta Shivani
Published: June 2023

The objective of the study is to identify the factors affecting purchase intention of consumers while purchasing green clothes and textiles using theory of planned behavior (TPB) and theory of reasoned actions (TRA). Furthermore, the study intends to investigate gender disparities in green purchasing intentions. The study employs a quantitative and qualitative method, with sample size of 384 youths through a self-administer five-point Likert scale-based questionnaire. For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis, and a Mann-Whitney U test has been adopted. The empirical findings reveal that the female consumers are more likely than male consumers to purchase green items. The results of the study will provide better understanding of different factors that can influence purchase intention towards sustainable fashion and offer some useful insights to help the marketers and firms.
Can Asia Accomplish the Sustainable Development Goal for Water and Sanitation by 2030?
Authors: Yadav Madhuri , Baral Sukanta Kumar
Published: June 2023

The SDGs are a global call to action to eradicate poverty, protect the natural environment, and ensure everyone lives in prosperity and peace. Asian countries to achieve the United Nations SDGs, particularly SDG 6 are concerned with providing all sanitation and water systems that are addressed sustainably. To evaluate a composite index (CI) for SDG 6 in Asia, data has been taken for water stress, basic drinking water, and sanitation facilities for 41 of the 48 Asian countries. According to the findings, the countries that scored highest in the assessment, such as Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Turkmenistan, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Israel, and might be achieved SDG 6. Whereas the three countries (Cambodia, Afghanistan, and Timor- Lee) that showed low scores in both indicators of SDG6 also had lower overall points in the water and sanitation and water stress-related SDG Composite index. The SDGs provide a framework for sustainable development and guide policies and programs at the global, nationwide, and regional levels.
Preparation and Extraction of Alpha Cellulose and Synthesis of Microcrystalline Cellulose From Agro-Waste (Pineapple Leaves)
Authors: Kulkarni Sunil Jayant , Kalshekar Burhan Abdur Rasheed
Published: June 2023

Microcrystalline cellulose (C6H10O5) is purified, white free-flowing powder partially depolymerized cellulose prepared by treating alpha cellulose, obtained as a pulp from fibrous plant material. There are various fibrous materials such as rice husk, wheat husk, coconut husk, and cotton yarn, which contain cellulose can be used as a raw material. The chemical composition of these materials detects 65-70% cellulose content. The motive of our project is to highlight the significance of 3R's: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. There are many agricultural waste materials in our environment which can be recycled and transformed into new products. This project admitted this policy and chose the agricultural waste material of pineapple leaves. First pretreatment was done of the raw materials. Then they were given various chemical treatment such as acid hydrolysis, bleaching, etc. After successful extraction of alpha cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose, samples were sent for analysis which was FTIR the results showed the good quality of product was successfully extracted.
The Metric for Automatic Code Generation Based on Dynamic Abstract Syntax Tree
Authors: Yao Wenjun , Jiang Ying , Yang Yang
Published: June 2023

In order to improve the efficiency and quality of software development, automatic code generation technology is the current focus. The quality of the code generated by the automatic code generation technology is also an important issue. However, existing metrics for code automatic generation ignore that the programming process is a continuous dynamic changeable process. So the metric is a dynamic process. This article proposes a metric method based on dynamic abstract syntax tree (DAST). More specifically, the method first builds a DAST through the interaction in behavior information between the automatic code generation tool and programmer. Then the measurement contents are extracted on the DAST. Finally, the metric is completed with contents extracted. The experiment results show that the method can effectively realize the metrics of automatic code generation. Compared with the MAST method, the method in this article can improve the convergence speed by 80% when training the model, and can shorten the time-consuming by an average of 46% when doing the metric prediction.
Effects of a yoga protocol in managing depression, anxiety and stress among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gupta A. , Ghosh S. , Om R. , Arya V. , Balkrishna A.
Published: June 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is known to have caused serious negative effects on the health and mental wellbeing of people. Yoga is an easily available, relatively inexpensive, and safe non-pharmacological form of practice and has been found to have physiological and mental health benefits.
Aim: To look into the effects of yoga therapy in the reduction of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among a cohort of office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among office workers using a yoga protocol developed for this study. The validated DASS-42 scale was used to assess the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress before and after the intervention.
Results: A significant reduction was observed in the mean scores for depression (61.36%), anxiety (62.79%), and stress (62.63%) respectively among the 240 participants following the 30-day programme of yoga therapy.
Conclusions: Yoga therapy used in the above context appears to have helped in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress among office workers during the pandemic. Randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes and better clinical method designs are needed to evaluate the level of evidence and effectiveness of yoga therapy in the treatment of above conditions.
Software testing is boring, until it’s not…
Authors:   US Navy, Flaum LCDR
Published: June 2023

Software regression testing is unavoidable for any modern aircraft, but is especially critical for highly complex multi-mission helicopters. Regression testing is every test pilot's least favorite flight, it is cumbersome, monotonous, and boring, until it's not... This paper presents the challenges and lessons learned during software flight test through a case study of a seemingly benign software bug that brought an entire test program to a halt. Also highlighted is the importance of mission relation when conducting software test and covers techniques on how to build that relation into the test structure to produce actionable results. Some of the challenges discussed include managing complex configurations and testing for intermittent software issues. The MH-60R Seahawk program discussed in this case study has maintained a state-of-the-art multi-mission helicopter through brute force and large development efforts. With the increasing pace of technological advancement, this strategy will be impossible to sustain for the Future Vertical Lift platform. This paper goes on to discuss how the lessons learned from recent software flight test must influence the design of the next generation of military helicopters. The lessons learned during today's flight test will help answer the critical question, how do you design a state-of-the-art aircraft now that will remain state-of-the-art throughout its entire lifecycle?
The RASCAL Vehicle: A Functional View of the Modern Airborne Laboratory
Authors:   The Boeing Company, Dones Fernando ,   US Army CCDC, Ott Carl , Yu Matthew , Glodowski John , Spano Mark , Emma Anthony , Katzen Eric , Ruiz Franco , Hickman M.
Published: June 2023

Fernando Dones is Boeing Technical Fellow and a recognized expert on Flight Controls Systems and Fly-by-Wire technology across the aerospace industry. His expertise was developed over a 42 year career making technical leadership contributions on programs such as Advanced Digital/Optical Control System (ADOCS), CH-47, BellBoeing 609, Rotorcraft Aircrew Systems Concepts Airborne Laboratory (RASCAL), EMARSS, a variety of other Programs, and Adaptive Vehicle Management System, and designed the Vehicle Management System architecture of the DARPA CRANE vehicle. His contributions to these programs include systems architectures, redundancy management algorithms, FCS actuator servo loop approaches with safety monitors, and software architectures optimized for system safety and handling quality performance. His broad practical experience complemented by deep technical understanding and ability to explain complex concepts make him a highly sought technical advisor and a celebrated mentor. Carl Ott is an Experimental Test Pilot in the U.S. Army DEVCOM Aviation and Missile Center, Technology Development Directorate at Fort Eustis, VA. He retired from active duty in 2019 after 26 years of service. His prior assignments include Chief of Flight Test for the Aviation Applied Technology Directorate, Chief of Flight Projects for the Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, Forward Operational Assessment Officer at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan, and the Army Test Lead for the UH-60M Upgrade program with the Aviation Technical Test Center. He received a Bachelor's of Mechanical Engineering from the United States Military Academy and a Master's of Aerospace Engineering from the University of Washington. Mr. Ott is a distinguished graduated from the US Naval Test Pilot School class 131, a Master Aviator with over 900 hours of experimental flight test, and is the recipient of the 2013 U.S. Army Research and Development Achievement Award.
Correlation and Accuracy Quantification of Proprotor Loads between Predictions of Comprehensive Aeroelastic Software and Experimental Data
Authors:   Leonardo Helicopters, Bucciaglia Giuseppe , Duina Andrea , Prederi Davide
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, numerical modelling and simulation are essential in the development and certification of new aircrafts in order to increase safety and lower costs. Modelling and simulation activities can be divided in three main phases: model building, model correlation and model usage. In this paper, the focus is on model correlation; in particular, for what concerns the estimation of rotor loads using the LHD in-house comprehensive code, i.e. GyroX. The work presents a summary of an extensive correlation activity performed on the AW609 proprotor and it highlights the modelling key ingredients to consider for accurate load prediction across the conversion corridor. Precisely, the choice of the rotor aerodynamic model, the effects of hub center accelerations and the wing interference are addressed in the correlation process. Furthermore, a metric, i.e. CEPS, is proposed and used to quantify the correlation error between analytical predictions and experimental data coming from flight tests in order to have a better and immediate comparison between the different model set-ups.
High-Speed Stability Predictions of Maryland Tiltrotor Rig and Parametric Study
Authors:   Science and Technology Corporation ARC, Gul Sehyan ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Yeo Hyeonsoo
Published: June 2023

High-speed stability of Maryland Tiltrotor Rig (MTR) was studied. An RCAS model was built in addition to the UMARC-II model from previous work. Trim collective for freewheeling and stability predictions were compared with the test data up to 100 knots collected in the NAVY Carderock wind tunnel. RCAS and UMARC-II predictions showed good agreement with each other and the test data. Predictions show that MTR is stable up to 215 knots (490-knots full-scale flight) although the wing is only 18% thick (current technology is 23%). A parametric study was carried out to shed light on the high stability behavior. Impact of wing stiffness, pitch-flap coupling (delta3 angle), lag stiffness, rotor chord, number of blades, pylon mass, pylon center of gravity (c.g.), pylon location, and rotor speed were studied. MTR's pylon c.g. is behind the wing elastic axis, unlike many full-scale tiltrotor aircraft. It was found that this significantly improved stability. Full-scale aircraft stability can also be improved by moving the pylon c.g. backward if wing beam is the least stable mode. A combination of forward pylon c.g., reduced rotor speed, and increased rotor chord reduced the instability speed by more than 55 knots to near 160 knots, helping researchers obtain high-quality test data in the Glenn L. Martin wind tunnel.
Wind Tunnel Testing and Aeromechanics Predictions on Slowed Mach-scaled Thrust Compounding Rotorcraft with a Trailing Propeller
Authors:   University of Maryland, Kaplan Noam , Patil Mrinalgouda , Chopra Inderjit , Datta Anubhav
Published: June 2023

A thrust compounded helicopter - a main rotor with a trailing propeller was tested in the Glenn L. Martin Wind Tunnel (GLMWT) to evaluate its performance under different flight conditions. The main rotor rig consists of a hingeless hub with four fully instrumented NACA 0012 blades and a modified Robin fuselage. The propeller rig consists of a rigid Sensenich L26H propeller with four blades. Tunnel tests were carried out for the isolated propeller, and thrust compounded rotor configurations. The isolated propeller tests were conducted with and without the fuselage installed ahead of it to understand the effects of the fuselage on propeller performance. The thrust compound configuration was tested at three different main rotor shaft tilt angles (αs): -4°, 0°, and 4°, advance ratios (μ) from 0.3 to 0.6, and multiple lift (CL/σ) and propulsive (CX/σ) trim targets. Main rotor hub loads, oscillatory blade structural loads, and propeller hub loads were measured for all the tests. The test data was verified with a full vehicle aeromechanical analysis using the University of Maryland Advanced Rotorcraft Code (UMARC). The thrust compound configuration with the main rotor shaft tilt of -4° (rearward tilt) provided the best performance. Thrust compounding with rearward shaft tilt (-4°) resulted in a 50% increase in the maximum aircraft lift-to-drag ratio compared to a single rotor helicopter. Half peak-to-peak hub vibratory loads and blade bending loads decreased with thrust compounding. It was observed that for the same lift target (CL/σ), thrust compounding achieved 20% higher flight speeds than a single rotor.
Correlation of Tiltrotor Aeroelastic Stability Wind Tunnel Test
Authors:   US Army CCDC ARL, Kang Hao ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Yeo Hyeonsoo ,   University of Alabama, Shen Jinwei , Kreshock Andrew , Thornburgh Robert , Floros Matthew
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a correlation study of detailed finite element modeling with component vibration tests and comprehensive analysis modeling with whirl flutter experimental data for the TiltRotor Aeroelastic Stability Testbed (TRAST). TRAST is a semi-span tiltrotor model system that has been developed to investigate tiltrotor whirl flutter phenomena and to provide experimental data for rotorcraft analysis validations. Two comprehensive rotorcraft analysis codes, CAMRAD II and RCAS, were used for the whirl flutter correlation study. To ensure that real structures are represented accurately by the comprehensive analysis codes, detailed NASTRAN models using 2D/3D shell and solid elements were developed and refined based on vibration tests of the TRAST components. The 2D/3D NASTRAN model was simplified to a 1-D model consisting solely of beam and other 1-D elements. Using the components and the properties of the 1-D model, structural models for the comprehensive analyses were developed and validated against the vibration test data. Models for whirl flutter analysis were developed based on the validated structural models and compared to the whirl flutter experimental data. Sensitivity of the TRAST whirl flutter prediction to modeling details is discussed.
Scalable Collision Avoidance in High-Density Airspaces
Authors:   Pennsylvania State University, Gonzalez Bianca , Zahed Muhammad , Wagner Alan , Langelaan Jack
Published: June 2023

Human-piloted, remotely piloted, and autonomous aircraft are likely to share the air space in the near future. Furthermore, the density of air traffic is likely to increase as urban air mobility and air package delivery operations become more prevalent. This paper discusses a collision avoidance approach based on velocity potentials: it is scalable to large numbers of aircraft and is highly likely to be easily interpretable for human pilots, passengers, and bystanders. This paper describes the velocity potential approach for three dimensional collision avoidance and uses Monte Carlo simulations to examine (1) the effect of number of aircraft in the airspace; (2) the number of aircraft that are actively tracked for collision avoidance; (3) the elementary potentials used for collision avoidance.
Forward Flight & MTE Simulation of a UAM-Scale Quadcopter with Hybrid RPM & Pitch Control
Authors:   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Walter Ariel ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Berger Tom , Niemiec Robert , Gandhi Farhan
Published: June 2023

The handling qualities of a 1200-lb gross weight, UAM-scale quadcopter with both variable rotor speed and collective pitch control are examined in simulation. With these redundant controls, the forward flight trim space is analyzed and three trim modes are defined, where power consumption can be increased to improve mobility with pitch control inputs. Explicit model following control laws are optimized using CONDUIT to meet ADS-33E-PRF handling qualities specifications in hover, with design margin optimization on each axis. Three control strategies are compared for heave, roll, and pitch control: pure RPM-control, pure pitch-control, and hybrid-control using a complementary filter (allowing pitch inputs to be used for maneuvers and changes in RPM to be used for trim). Hybrid trim control is also defined to maintain pitch actuator margin from stall in forward flight trim conditions. Based on standard handling qualities metrics, the hover control laws are found to be robust enough to provide adequate performance in forward flight at cruise speed. The lateral/longitudinal performance of the trim modes and control strategies are then compared through simulation of the ADS-33E-PRF Mission Task Element (MTE): lateral reposition. Outer loop control design is performed in order to simulate pilot inputs during the maneuver and provide aggressive acceleration with minimal oscillation about the end point. Based on results from simulation of a lateral reposition maneuver, two of the three trim modes considered were able to complete the maneuver with satisfactory handling qualities.
Design and Testing of a 35 kW Hybrid Power Genset
Authors:   LaunchPoint EPS, Ricci Michael , Hu Jason , Brewer Jack
Published: June 2023

Hybrid electric propulsion is a promising technology to achieve excellent overall vehicle performance. Electric propulsion enables new types and configurations of rotorcraft, but the poor energy density of batteries has limited the overall performance of electrically propelled aircraft. A hybrid architecture can take advantage of the high energy density of chemical/liquid fuels; but also utilize the advantages of electric propulsion technology. This advantage of a hybrid system can only be realized if the hybrid system can be implemented with sufficient energy conversion efficiency and low enough mass. If not done in a highly optimized way, the complexity of the hybrid system can lead to it being too heavy and too inefficient - the worst of both worlds instead of the best of both worlds. LaunchPoint EPS will present design details and test results of our flightweight 35 kW hybrid electric genset system. Overall estimated vehicle mass breakdowns and estimates of vehicle performance range-payload diagrams extrapolated from genset test data will be presented. Mass breakdowns for the hybrid propulsion system will be presented showing the complexity and potential for 'ass-creep' in the aircraft weight budget. Dynamic transient performance requirements and results for the hybrid propulsion system will be presented. Lessons learned on testing and commercializing a 35 kW flight weight genset will be presented.
An Airport & Vertiport/Aircraft Compatibility Approach of Electric Vertical Takeoff & Landing Aircraft Design
Authors:   WSP USA, LeBris Gaël , Nguyen Loup-Giang
Published: June 2023

Most ongoing electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft projects focus on the development of products that meet the needs of urban air mobility (UAM). The use cases that eVTOL aircraft could fulfill include intra-urban passenger mobility, cargo delivery, and emergency medical services (EMS). As UAM intends to provide point-to-point mobility service, it will need to leverage heliport facilities and create new vertiports on existing city real estate (e.g., high-rise building and parking garage rooftops). In order to achieve this, eVTOL aircraft design shall be, as far as practicable, compatible with the infrastructure available. The various aspects of eVTOL/vertiport and airport compatibility were investigated, and a list of criteria was established. The paper describes how key eVTOL design features interact with aviation facilities, and how and why careful aircraft design taking the ground infrastructure into consideration is important to maximize compatibility and facilitate UAM implementation by minimizing the need for costly and impactful capital investments. Considerations should be given to several features, including but not limited to the general aircraft configuration, passenger accessibility, electric and hybrid propulsion systems, and the charging and refueling systems. The review of existing heliport/vertiport facilities representing the diversity of the ground infrastructure in selected large metropolitan areas against over 100 eVTOL concepts and original designs provide an insight of the challenges ahead. The assessment of aviation risks expands the aircraft/airport compatibility conversation to fostering operational safety and efficiency 'by design'. Finally, the role of standardization in further reducing compatibility issues through industry standards and best practices in aircraft design, airport/vertiport design, and aircraft/airport operations is also discussed.
A Model-Based Design Framework for Electric VTOL Aircraft
Authors:   Texas A&M University, Saj Vishnu ,   Oklahoma State University, Kamal Tasfia ,   University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wang Yen-Cheng , Saemi Farid , Benedict Moble , Halder Atanu , Sapra Harsh , Kokjohn Sage
Published: June 2023

The paper presents the development of a multi-disciplinary modeling framework to predict the system-level performance of a diverse range of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. A key feature of this framework is its modular architecture where the various components are modeled separately and then integrated together based on the aircraft configuration. This modular approach enables the user to analyze various conventional as well as unconventional aircraft architectures by selecting and arranging different pre-existing component models within the framework. The framework comprises four key modules: control system, powertrain, aerodynamics, and flight dynamics, each representing a specific aspect of the system. These modules are further broken down into component/subsystem models, utilizing a combination of physics-based and semi-empirical modeling techniques. The subsystem models are validated using existing experimental data. The framework's modularity is demonstrated by modeling three different multirotor configurations for a given mission while predicting the performance of each subsystem. The proposed framework provides a powerful tool for eVTOL aircraft designers and engineers to predict the aircraft's performance and improve their design.
Cheeseman Best Paper: Are eVTOL Aircraft Inherently More Susceptible to the Vortex Ring State than Conventional Helicopters?
Authors:   Sophrodyne Aerospace, Brown Richard
Published: June 2023

There is currently extensive interest worldwide in developing small, lightweight, electrically-powered, multi-rotor vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. The aim is to use these new vehicles to carry a small number of passengers on short-range intra-urban missions, for instance as part of a passenger ferry service between an airport and a downtown commuter hub. The concern is that these aircraft might have certain characteristic design features that, in combination with the environmental conditions that they will experience, will render them particularly susceptible to a potentially hazardous operating regime, known as the Vortex Ring State, especially during their descent and landing. This paper extends our classical understanding of the basic physics that underpins the Vortex Ring State in order to assess the likely impact of this phenomenon on the safety and operational characteristics of this new class of vehicle.
Piloted Simulation Evaluation of Damage Tolerant Control for a Coaxial Compound Helicopter
Authors:   US Army CCDC AvMC, Berger Tom ,   Piasecki Aircraft Corporation, Bridges Derek ,   The  Pennsylvania State University, Horn Joseph , Gong Anthony , Kuhn Nicholas , Jr. Grey
Published: June 2023

Advanced rotorcraft configurations currently being considered for Future Vertical Lift and Advanced Air Mobility applications typically feature redundant control effectors, which bring new opportunities for control design, including the ability to re-allocate control in response to failure or damage. This paper presents the design of damage tolerant control (DTC) for a generic utility-class lift-offset coaxial compound helicopter using weighted pseudo-inverse control allocation. Consideration was given to tip clearance between the upper and lower rotors of the coaxial configuration in the design of DTC. The damage tolerant control was then integrated into full flight envelope control laws, and tested in a piloted simulation using several mission task elements and one operational scenario. Results showed that DTC significantly reduced aircraft coupling in the presence of stuck actuators and maintained sufficient rotor tip separation even during aggressive maneuvers. Furthermore, for all damage cases tested, DTC received better or similar ratings than the baseline case. This work was done in support of the Adaptive Digital Automated Pilotage Technology (ADAPT) program which aims to develop a flight control software package to take advantage of redundant controls to improve safety, survivability, and performance for advanced vertical takeoff and landing capable aircraft.
Effects of Linked vs. Unlinked Cyclic Controllers on Crew Coordination
Authors:   US Army CCDC AvMC, Berger Tom ,   US Army Redstone Test Center, Dotson Brandon ,   US Army Program Executive Office, Miller Matthew , Lusardi Jeffery , Gong Anthony , Mansur Hossein , Ott Carl , Ogden Wesley
Published: June 2023

With the move towards fly-by-wire flight control systems for rotorcraft, pilot inceptors are no longer physically connected to the mechanical hardware of the aircraft. This has allowed the move to smaller, lighter, side-mounted controllers, which typically lack a mechanical connection between the pilots' inceptors. Such controllers can be electronically linked using active inceptors, however this adds cost and weight over passive inceptors. The objective of the work presented in this paper is to assess the impact of linked versus unlinked cyclics on Army helicopter aircrew coordination. To do this, a piloted simulation was conducted in the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator using both Mission Task Element type maneuvers, as well as more operationally relevant mission vignettes. The simulator was configured with two side-by-side pilot stations with sidestick controllers which could be configured to operate in either a linked or unlinked configuration. During each task, a control transfer from the pilot flying to the pilot not-flying was either forced or induced, and subsequently the pilots were asked to answer a series of questions and rating scales related to predictability, awareness, and acceptance. Results of the study showed that in all cases, pilots preferred the linked cyclic controller configuration, which received better predictability, awareness, and acceptance ratings. In addition, the linked cyclic controller configuration had shorter-duration simultaneous input events (both pilots moving their inceptors to control the aircraft at the same time) compared to the unlinked cyclic controller configuration.
A Piloted Simulation Study to Investigate the Relationship between Handling Qualities and Workload
Authors:   System Technology Inc., Klyde David ,   Mitchell Aerospace Research, Mitchell David ,   Charles River Analytics Inc., Winder Aaron ,   Adv. Brain Monitoring Inc., Meghdadi Amir ,   Naval Air Warfare Center, Rhinehart Matthew , Lampton Amanda , Musso Dakota , Brand Samuel
Published: June 2023

In application, ADS-33E-PRF provides the means to effectively predict rotorcraft handling qualities via validated criteria and demonstrate actual handling qualities in flight test using mission task elements (MTE). With decades of successful outcomes achieved by integrated industry and government test teams, international users, and researchers, this approach provides an effective means to evaluate handling qualities of advanced rotorcraft designs. The requirement for at least three test pilot evaluators of each MTE expands the flight hours required for test and hence increases costs. To reduce flight hours required, while maintaining process effectiveness, the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) is interested in better understanding the relationship between pilot workload and assigned handling qualities ratings such that predictive tools, if proven effective, can reduce this burden. To meet this challenge, Systems Technology, Inc. (STI), Charles River Analytics, Inc. (CRA), Mitchell Aerospace Research, and Advanced Brain Monitoring, Inc. joined with NAWCAD to explore through piloted simulation the relationship between physiological measures of pilot workload and assigned pilot ratings as experienced test pilots conducted handling qualities evaluations using three exemplar MTEs. This paper describes the piloted simulation study and summarizes initial results.
A Study on the Discourse and Characteristics of Design Expression of NFT Virtual Fashion Design through China Social Media Big date Analysis
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Wang Juan , Sung Kwang Sook
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyze the discourse and design characteristics of ‘NFT virtual fashion’ through social media big data analysis. Data was collected using the keyword ‘NFT virtual fashion’ from Textom China, and the discourse of NFT virtual fashion was analyzed using CONCOR analysis. Cluster analysis was employed to examine the design characteristics of NFT virtual fashion. Four discourse groups emerged from the CONCOR analysis: Group 1 discussed the trends in NFT virtual fashion brands and its development, Group 2 explored the experiences and creation of NFT virtual fashion, Group 3 examined the market and investment trends of NFT virtual fashion in the fashion industry, while Group 4 focused on the subscribers desires and the presence of the sportswear brand Nike in NFT virtual fashion. Furthermore, eight design clusters were identified through cluster analysis, namely: Cluster 1 - ‘Boldness’, Cluster 2 - ‘Collaboration and High Quality’, Cluster 3 - ‘Artistry and Virtuality’, Cluster 4 - ‘Exaggeration and Technological Elements’, Cluster 5 - ‘Environmental Friendliness and Non-standardization’, Cluster6 - ‘Aesthetics and Interactivity’, Cluster 7 - ‘Non-contact’, and Cluster 8 - ‘Boundarylessness’. Finally, insights were drawn from the analysis of the discourse and design characteristics of NFT virtual fashion.
A Case Study on the Application of Capstone Design in Design Major Courses: Focusing on Industry-Academia Collaboration Clusters
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Ahn Hyun Jung , Kang Min Gu
Published: June 2023

This study is an execution case which is part of an industry-academic cooperation project , and conducted as a course based on capstone design in design major. The program was operated in collaboration with Bino Design Co., Ltd., focusing on the theme of global warming to plan, develop, and produce design products and hold exhibitions. Through the capstone design course, students can improve their abilities and gain experience that can be applied to actual work, as they identify and solve problems faced in the industry. This can greatly help with career development and competitiveness. Professors can collect various experiences and educational cases through developing and operating capstone design courses, and apply them to create a realistic educational environment. Universities can enhance students' employability and competitiveness, while also strengthening the cooperative relationship between education and industry in the long term. Companies can diversify their talent pool, strengthen partnerships with universities through industry-academic cooperation, and gain opportunities to achieve better business results. Through this research, the positive potential of capstone design education in the design field has been confirmed, and it is necessary to create an educational environment in which universities and companies can maintain a mutually beneficial relationship for further development.
Analysis and Research on User Demand of Mortise and Tenon Toys: Based on KANO Model
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, XU YA NAN , Lee Sung Won
Published: June 2023

Mortise and tenon toys are the perfect carrier for educating children about traditional culture. This study analyzed and studied the user needs and satisfaction of ledger toys using the KJ and Kano methods. (1) The KJ method was used to obtain the user's requirements for the functionality of the mortise and tenon toys product, and a requirement list was established. (2) Establish a Kano model, conduct positive and negative surveys on the 18 user needs obtained, and conduct statistical analysis on the data, sorting out the classification of each user demand item. (3) Based on the Better-Worse calculation results, a quadrilateral scatter plot of satisfaction was constructed. (4) Based on the research results, four attractive quality attributes (A), seven natural quality attributes (M), three monistic quality attributes (O), and four indifferent quality attributes (I) were identified. This study not only promotes the development of product design for mortise and tenon toys, but also provides theoretical reference for future toy design, which has important research significance.
A Qualitative Analysis of Experienced Teachers’ Ongoing Need for Mentors
Authors: Smith-Washington Vannessa
Published: June 2023

Teacher mentoring strategies provide new teachers (and experienced teachers, too) with crucial supports when they enter the real world of the classroom, attempt classroom management and instructional skills, improve their goals to remain in the classroom and the teaching profession, and help students to learn. The central research question, “Do experienced teachers still need mentors?” Data collection included an individual interview with a former study participant. Data analysis was thematic analysis by manual coding. Themes emanated were e-mentoring programs, high-quality mentorship programs, mentor roles and responsibilities, middle school teachers’ attitudes toward the inclusion of students with disabilities, administrators’ support for mentoring programs, and feedback for special education teachers. The findings were administrative support with a negative co-teaching experience and learning independently occur with and without a mentor. A limitation was a veteran teacher who was interviewed. The implication was that veteran teachers, especially special education teachers need mentors from the first-year of teaching and beyond. Social change was improving induction and mentoring programs to ensure that novice and veteran special education teachers continue teaching and remain in the teaching profession for a lifetime.
Seasonal Changes in Proximate and Bioactive Compounds of Brown and Red Seaweeds from İskenderun Bay, the North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: GÜR İbrahim , POLAT Sevim
Published: June 2023

Proximate and bioactive compounds (total phenolic, flavonoid, chlorophyll-a and total carotenoid contents) of three brown seaweeds (Dictyota dichotoma, Padina pavonica, Stypopodium schimperi) and a red seaweed (Jania rubens) from the north-eastern Mediterranean Sea (İskenderun Bay) were investigated seasonally at three sampling sites. Seasonal variations were found for all of the parameters studied. The highest ash content was in J. rubens (77.7%) in the spring. The results showed that J. rubens is a rich source with respect to mineral content. D. dichotoma had the highest crude protein content, whereas S. schimperi contained the most lipids. Phenolics ranged between 34.6 - 107.0 mg GAE/g dw. The highest total phenolics were found in S. schimperi in the summer, and the lowest in P. pavonica in the spring. The flavonoid contents (9.05-10.6 mg QE/g dw) were higher in brown seaweeds than that in the red seaweed. Moreover, chlorophyll-a and carotenoids levels were highest in D. dichotoma (4.53 and 2.83 mg/g, respectively) during the autumn. The results revealed that the biochemical composition of the examined seaweeds showed significant changes depending on the species, location and seasons.