bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Lane-by-Lane Flows and Speeds for Freeway Segments
Authors: Sasahara Fabio , Staichak Carvalho Luan Guilherme , Chowdhury Tanay Datta , Jerome Zachary , Elefteriadou Lily , Skabardonis Alexander
Published: July 2020

The Highway Capacity Manual is a major reference for evaluating the capacity and quality of service of road facilities. However, it holds the assumption that lanes perform equally, which can result in inaccuracies in performance estimation. The main purpose of this research is to develop a series of models for estimating flows and speeds by lane for various types of freeway segments, including basic, merge, and diverge types. These models consider the demand-to-capacity ratio, the presence of trucks, grade, and the presence of upstream and downstream ramps. To predict lane performance effectively, it is critical that capacity and free-flow speeds are also determined for individual lanes. Therefore, this study also investigates the relationship between segment average values and lane values for free-flow speeds and capacities, and proposes a method to estimate these parameters for each lane as a function of the segment average. Observed field data has shown that free-flow speeds and capacities have lowest values on the shoulder lanes and highest values on the median lanes. Speed and flow data were collected from 48 segments throughout the U.S.A., including basic, merge, and diverge segments, to develop flow and speed distribution models. A case example is provided to illustrate the application of the developed model and the predicted speed–flow relationship is compared with field data, with satisfactory results.
Typology of Bikeshare Users Combining Bikeshare and Transit
Authors: Tarpin-Pitre Léandre , Morency Catherine
Published: July 2020

This study proposes a methodological framework to understand the behavior of bikeshare-metro-bikeshare (BMB) users and assess the complementarity of bikeshare and transit. This analysis was conducted using Montreal’s Bixi bikeshare data collected over an 8-year period. A k-medoid clustering analysis was performed using three variables describing users’ travel behavior: BMB rate, most frequent BMB trip share, and rate of use of different metro stations. It reveals six groups of BMB users: (1) regular commuters, (2) irregular commuters, (3) occasional commuters, (4) mixed users, (5) leisure users, and (6) utility users. Each group’s share of trips is stable over time. BMB users represent an increasing, yet still marginal, share of 1.8% of Bixi’s annual members. The bikeshare segments of BMB trips averaged 1,180 m, with a standard deviation of 830 m. This confirms bikeshare is useful to complete the first and last kilometer of transit trips. Moreover, BMB trips increased with the expansion of Montreal’s bikeshare network to suburban areas serviced by the metro. This study concludes that bikeshare-metro integration allows bikeshare users to cover greater distances and can thus increase both systems’ ridership.
Parent Support of Mexican-Descent High School Adolescents’ Science Education: A Culturally Grounded Framework
Authors: Soto-Lara Stephanie , Simpkins Sandra D.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to use sociocultural perspectives to elaborate on Eccles’ parent socialization model and create a culturally grounded, multidimensional model of parent support among Mexican-descent families. Given Latinx underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers, we focus on science as an important domain in which to study parent support. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines (a) what forms of parent science support do Mexican-descent parents and adolescents perceive as best practices and (b) what are the social, cultural, and contextual barriers parents face and in what ways do parents continue to support their adolescents in science in spite of those barriers? Seventy-four parent (mean age: 40 years; 23% U.S.-born and 77% Mexico-born) and 73 adolescent (mean age: 15 years; 41% female) nterviews were analyzed using inductive and deductive approaches. Findings suggest that parents use traditional and nontraditional culturally grounded forms of support: involvement at home, providing words of encouragement (e.g., échale ganas), and leveraging resources (e.g., kin support). Participants felt work-related barriers, linguistic barriers, and limited science knowledge shaped parents’ support. Results highlight the unique ways parents support their adolescents’ science education as well as the need for educators to consider how parents’ sociocultural experiences shape their support.
Network Linkages and Performance of Exporting Micro and Small Enterprises in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Perspectives in the Handicraft Industry
Authors: Kazungu Isaac
Published: July 2020

This study examines the influence of network linkage on the performance of handicrafts-exporting micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Tanzania. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to analyse data collected from 171owner-managers of sampled exporting handicrafts MSEs in Dar es Salaam. The study used paired sample t-test to investigate the existence of significant differences between the two sets of data (before and after networking) from independent variables. The findings indicated a significant relationship between network linkages and MSEs’ performance. The study recommends MSEs to invest in business networks which facilitate their access to market information, materials and ancillary support services. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will serve as a frame of reference for future research studies in business networking, entrepreneurship development and export trade.
Gearing Up for the Future of Exercise
Authors: McGloin Rory , Embacher-Martin Kimberly , Gilbert Christine , VanHeest Jaci
Published: July 2020

Background

Exergames—which combine physical activity with elements of virtual interaction (e.g., “cyber-cycling”)—come in a wide range of styles and with an array of structural and environmental characteristics that are likely to influence a user’s experience, including their overall enjoyment.

Aim

The aim of the current study was thus to compare adolescents’ experience of flow and enjoyment across two cyber-cycling sessions that featured two unique styles of cycling exergames.

Method

Eighty-eight participants aged 11-13 participated in two cyber-cycling sessions spaced one week apart. Participants engaged in two unique conditions, one virtual game featuring the collection of coins to earn points and one a virtual simulation of an outdoor trail ride. The order of condition delivery was randomly selected.

Results

Participants reported experiencing greater flow and enjoyment when the cyber-cycling session was centered on a virtual gaming experience.

Conclusion

Adolescents find greater enjoyment from exergames that feature traditional gaming characteristics and features. Implications for the design and sustained adoption of exergames for adolescents are discussed.
Behind the Numbers: Questioning Questionnaires
Authors: Einola Katja , Alvesson Mats
Published: July 2020

Is complex, ambiguous, and fluctuating social reality measurable? Sometimes yes, perhaps, but often not. At least not in the fairly straightforward way assumed by many researchers. This study is an ethnographic inquiry into data collection during a survey research project. Based on our observations of participants’ spontaneous thoughts and confusions as they filled in questionnaires on “leadership” and “teamwork”, we draw attention to hidden problems in much organizational research. Many respondents found measures ambiguous, irrelevant, or misleading. We (a) underline the inherently interpretative nature of research into complex organizational phenomena, (b) warn against lack of reflexivity and overreliance on existing survey instruments when we study complex social aspects of organizations, (c) identify five categories of possible problems, and (d) suggest paths towards better informed research that take context seriously.
Combined Posteromedial and Posterolateral Approaches for 2-Part Posterior Malleolar Fracture Fixation
Authors: He Wenbao , Yang Yunfeng , Zhou Haichao , Xia Jiang , Li Bing , Yu Tao
Published: July 2020

Background:

This study investigated the clinical efficacy of combined posteromedial and posterolateral approaches for repair of 2-part posterior malleolar fractures associated with medial and lateral malleolar fractures.

Methods:

This case series report included 27 Weber B with Haraguchi type II patients with medial and lateral malleolar fractures combined with 2-part posterior malleolar fractures. Patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation through a combination of posteromedial and posterolateral approaches from January 2015 to January 2018. There were 11 males and 16 females, with an average age of 61.5 years (range, 53-67 years). The procedures were performed on prone patients under spinal anesthesia. The medial, lateral, and posterior malleolar fractures were exposed through posteromedial and posterolateral approaches performed at the same time. The lateral malleolar fracture was fixed using a plate, the medial malleolar fracture was fixed using screws, and the posterior malleolar fracture was fixed using a plate or cannulated screws according to the size of the fragments. We performed follow-up on 22 patients for an average of 30 months (range, 18-48 months).

Results:

Primary healing of the incisions was achieved in all cases, and no infection was found. The mean time of bone union was 12.5 weeks (range, 10-15 weeks). The mean time from the operation to full weightbearing was 13 weeks (range, 11-16 weeks). We used the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale to score patient outcomes; the mean score was 85.4 (range, 80-92) at the final follow-up. No significant pain was found at the final follow-up.

Conclusion:

This study showed that satisfactory outcomes were achieved with combined posteromedial and posterolateral approaches. Therefore, we believe this approach was a good alternative strategy to repair 2-part posterior malleolar fractures associated with medial and lateral malleolar fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Impulsive States and Impulsive Traits: A Study of the Multilevel Structure and Validity of a Multifaceted Measure of Impulsive States
Authors: Halvorson Max A. , Pedersen Sarah L. , Feil Madison C. , Lengua Liliana J. , Molina Brooke S. G. , King Kevin M.
Published: July 2020

Emerging evidence suggests impulsive states may be reliably measured in the moment using ecological momentary assessment (EMA); however, research has not investigated whether the multi-factor structure of impulsive traits also characterizes impulsive states. In two independent samples spanning adolescence through young adulthood ( n = 211, n = 222), we adapted global self-report measures of impulsive traits to EMA and conducted multilevel confirmatory factor analyses to characterize the within- and between-person factor structure of five impulsive traits (negative urgency, planning, persistence, sensation seeking, and positive urgency). Across both studies, factor models with one factor for each UPPS-P facet fit the data well at both levels, though some latent factors were highly correlated. Aggregated impulsive states, especially negative urgency, predicted oppositional defiant disorder symptoms, emotional problems, alcohol problems, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Our results suggest that EMA measures can capture a range of impulsive states that mirrors the heterogeneity seen in the trait literature.
A Citizen’s Claim: Science With and for Society
Authors: Soler Marta , Gómez Aitor
Published: July 2020

Social science research has been attacked by neoliberal thinkers who allege that such research lacks economic objectives. In the face of neoliberal and positivist criteria for evaluating the social impact of social science inquiry, social science researchers are developing qualitative evaluation methodologies through which we can have direct contact with citizens. These qualitative methodologies declare our social responsibility as social researchers in addressing relevant problems, especially those affecting the most vulnerable people. From these qualitative methodologies, the most vulnerable groups are included in the assessment of the social impacts of social research. Some examples of people who have participated in this qualitative evaluation include women, youth, immigrants, and Roma organizations. Participants perceived social science researchers as being far from their social reality, but in this research, they began to overcome their skepticism that social science research can help to solve those problems affecting their everyday lives.
An Analysis of 15 Journals’ Literacy Content, 2007–2016
Authors: Parsons Seth A. , Gallagher Melissa A. , Leggett Alicia B. , Ives Samantha T. , Lague Michelle
Published: July 2020

In this content analysis, a research team examined the articles in 15 journals published over a span of 10 years to obtain an overview of the current field of literacy. Researchers coded the topics, theoretical perspectives, designs, and data sources in a total of 4,305 literacy-related articles. Analyses revealed statistically significant differences in the topics, perspectives, designs, and data sources among literacy articles in journals written for practitioners, those written for researchers, and those written for both practitioners and researchers. Although the topics in journals written for practitioners somewhat reflected the content of those written for researchers, results demonstrated a need to diversify methods used in articles published in journals written for researchers. We argue that this diversity is likely to enhance the ability of research to build the knowledge base in our field.
Repeatability of whole-cornea measurements using a new swept-source optical coherence tomographer
Authors: Tañá-Rivero Pedro , Aguilar-Córcoles Salvador , Ruiz-Mesa Ramón , Montés-Micó Robert
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability of several corneal parameters provided by a high-resolution swept-source optical coherence tomographer (SS-OCT).

Methods:

One eye from each of 74 patients was measured five times consequently using the ANTERION SS-OCT. The following corneal parameters were analyzed: average, steep and flat keratometry (K), astigmatism for anterior, posterior and total at 3-mm, average K and astigmatism at 6-mm, anterior and posterior eccentricity, higher-order aberrations (HOA) and spherical aberration ([Formula: see text]), and anterior and posterior best-fit sphere at 8-mm. The intrasubject standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of variation (CoV), coefficient of repeatability (CoR) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated for each parameter to assess the repeatability.

Results:

We have not found statistically significant differences between repeated measurements ( p > 0.05). Repeatability was good considering the different metrics used. Sw values were <0.09, varying from 0.035 (posterior average K at 6-mm) to 0.0878 (anterior flat K at 3-mm). CoV values were also low and similar among the different parameters (from 0.08% to 0.21%), except for anterior, posterior and total astigmatism (from 2.25% to 8.46%). Both anterior and posterior eccentricity, and corneal aberrations (HOA and [Formula: see text]) CoV values were also high. The CoR values were low for all parameters showing those related to the posterior cornea the lowest values (about 0.01). ICC values were >0.98.

Conclusions:

The ANTERION SS-OCT showed good repeatability when reconstructed different parameters for the whole cornea. This device produces measurements with high repeatability that could be useful for clinical research.
Multiple smoothing parameters selection in additive regression quantiles
Authors: Muggeo Vito M.R. , Torretta Federico , Eilers Paul H. C. , Sciandra Mariangela , Attanasio Massimo
Published: July 2020

We propose an iterative algorithm to select the smoothing parameters in additive quantile regression, wherein the functional forms of the covariate effects are unspecified and expressed via B-spline bases with difference penalties on the spline coefficients. The proposed algorithm relies on viewing the penalized coefficients as random effects from the symmetric Laplace distribution, and it turns out to be very efficient and particularly attractive with multiple smooth terms. Through simulations we compare our proposal with some alternative approaches, including the traditional ones based on minimization of the Schwarz Information Criterion. A real-data analysis is presented to illustrate the method in practice.
Mapping Cannabis Social Clubs in Europe
Authors: Pardal Mafalda , Decorte Tom , Bone Melissa , Parés Òscar , Johansson Julia
Published: July 2020

Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs) are typically non-profit associations of adult cannabis users who collectively produce and distribute cannabis among themselves. Since the emergence of the model in Spain during the 1990s, other countries may have seen the appearance of CSCs (or CSC-like associations) but there is a dearth of knowledge about the phenomenon in Europe. The goals of this analysis are to: (1) map the presence of CSCs across the European Union; and (2) examine how CSCs are operating in such settings. The data included in our analysis derive from a 2018–19 survey. The 30-item questionnaire comprised questions about CSCs’ origins and relations with other stakeholders and organizations, the types of activities the CSCs developed and their views on cannabis regulation. The questionnaire was translated into all the official languages of the EU zone and sent via email to the participants. In total, 81 CSCs completed the questionnaire. Beyond Spain and Belgium, where the CSC presence has already been documented, we were able to identify CSCs in 11 other countries. The longest-running CSC in our sample was established in 1999, but most emerged in the past decade. The smallest CSC in our sample reported six registered members, whereas the largest counted a total of 5000 members. Most CSCs were cultivating or distributing cannabis to their members at the time of the survey, but engaged in other informative, entertainment and activist activities as well. The CSC model remains prohibited across the EU. CSC activists have thus by and large shaped the way CSCs operate, often adapting to domestic law particularities or law enforcement activities. In this article, we present and discuss the range of CSC practices from 13 different European countries, and what these represent for the consideration of the CSC model in current policy debates.
On-farm welfare monitoring system for goats based on Internet of Things and machine learning
Authors: Rao Yuan , Jiang Min , Wang Wen , Zhang Wu , Wang Ruchuan
Published: July 2020

Intensive animal husbandry is becoming more and more popular with the adoption of modern livestock farming technologies. In such circumstances, it is required that the welfare of animals be continuously monitored in a real-time way. To this end, this study describes one on-farm welfare monitoring system for goats, with a combination of Internet of Things and machine learning. First, the system was designed for uninterruptedly monitoring goat growth in a multifaceted and multilevel manner, by means of collecting on-farm videos and representative environmental data. Second, the monitoring hardware and software systems were presented in detail, aiming at supporting remote operation and maintenance, and convenience for further development. Third, several key approaches were put forward, including goat behavior analysis, anomaly data detection, and processing based on machine learning. Through practical deployment in the real situation, it was demonstrated that the developed system performed well and had good potential for offering real-time monitoring service for goats’ welfare, with the help of accurate environmental data and analysis of goat behavior.
An Exploratory Analysis of International Baccalaureate Diploma Program: 11th- and 12th-Grade High School Students’ Expectations
Authors: Grose Nicole J. , Sanchez Jafeth E.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore 11th- and 12th-grade students’ expectations in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IB DP) at a high school in the Western United States. Study participants included 92 of 94 high school students currently enrolled in the IB DP. Each participant completed a researcher-created, paper survey with 24 questions, using a 5-point Likert-type scale, as well as four demographic questions. Overall, students reported high expectations and beliefs for the program in helping them prepare for postsecondary education. Findings also suggested that females experienced more stress and feelings of being overwhelmed, while enrolled in the program as compared with males, despite a larger percentage of females reporting of postsecondary plans. In addition, Spanish-speaking students aspired to community college more than their peers, suggesting possible disparities in equity. A discussion of these findings and their implications are provided.
Using a Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas: Perspectives from Patients and Diabetes Providers
Authors: Palmer Walter , Greeley Siri Atma W. , Letourneau-Freiberg Lisa R. , Naylor Rochelle N.
Published: July 2020

Background:

A growing number of people with diabetes are choosing to adopt do-it-yourself artificial pancreas system (DIYAPS) despite a lack of approval from the US Food and Drug Administration. We describe patients’ experiences using DIYAPS, and patient and diabetes providers’ perspectives on the use of such technology.

Methods:

We distributed surveys to patients and diabetes providers to assess each group’s perspectives on the use of DIYAPS. The patient survey also assessed glycemic control and impact on sleep. The patient survey was distributed in February 2019 via Facebook and Twitter ( n = 101). The provider survey was distributed via the American Association of Diabetes Educators’ e-mail newsletter in April 2019 and the Pediatric Endocrine Society membership e-mail list in May 2019 ( n = 152).

Results:

Patients overwhelmingly described improvements in glycemic control and sleep quality: 94% reported improvement in time in range, and 64% reported improvement in all five areas assessed. Eighty-nine percent of patients described DIYAPS as “Safe” or “Very Safe,” compared to only 27% of providers. Most felt encouraged by their diabetes provider to continue using DIYAPS, but few described providers as knowledgeable regarding its use. Providers cited a lack of experience with such systems and an inability to troubleshoot them as their most significant challenges.

Conclusions:

Despite evidence that DIYAPS usage is increasing, our surveys suggest that patients’ adoption of this technology and trust in it is outpacing that of diabetes providers. Providers must be aware of this growing population of patients and familiarize themselves with DIYAPS to support patients using this technology.
School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Children With Medical Devices—Shunt System Malfunctions and Infections
Authors: Farou Noa , Lucas Christy , Olympia Robert P.
Published: July 2020

An important subgroup of children with special healthcare needs are those children with medical complexities who require long-term intensive healthcare interventions and treatments. As medical technology continues to advance and children with complex medical needs survive the neonatal period and progress into school-age, it is essential for school nurses to be able to recognize and acutely manage complications and malfunctions of devices in children requiring assistance from medical devices. An example of a common medical device includes shunts systems (e.g., a ventriculoperitoneal shunt) to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid. These devices put children at serious medical or surgical risk when they malfunction or become infected, so it is important for healthcare providers, especially school nurses who are the first responders in schools, to recognize malfunctions and initiate appropriate care management. This article describes the initial assessment and management of common medical emergencies in students who have those devices.
FluConvert and IniFlu: a suite of integrated software to identify novel signatures of emerging influenza viruses with increasing risk
Authors: Yang Chin-Rur , King Chwan-Chuen , Liu Li-Yu Daisy , Ku Chia-Chi
Published: July 2020

Background

The pandemic threat of influenza has attracted great attention worldwide. To assist public health decision-makers, new suites of tools are needed to rapidly process and combine viral information retrieved from public-domain databases for a better risk assessment.

Results

Using our recently developed FluConvert and IniFlu software, we automatically processed and rearranged sequence data by standard viral nomenclature, determined the group-related consensus sequences, and identified group-specific polygenic signatures. The software possesses powerful ability to integrate viral, clinical, and epidemiological data. We demonstrated that both multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the HA gene and also at least 11 more evidence-based viral amino acid substitutions present in global highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 viruses during the years 2009–2016 that are associated with viral virulence and human infection.

Conclusions

FluConvert and IniFlu are useful to monitor and assess all subtypes of influenza viruses with pandemic potential. These programs are implemented through command-line and user-friendly graphical interfaces, and identify molecular signatures with virological, epidemiological and clinical significance. FluConvert and IniFlu are available at https://apps.flutures.com or https://github.com/chinrur/FluConvert_IniFlu
Ancient DNA of northern China Hystricidae sub-fossils reveals the evolutionary history of old world porcupines in the Late Pleistocene
Authors: Sheng Guilian , Hu Jiaming , Tong Haowen , Llamas Bastien , Yuan Junxia , Hou Xindong , Chen Shungang , Xiao Bo , Lai Xulong
Published: July 2020

Background

Old World porcupines (Family: Hystricidae) are the third-largest rodents and inhabit southern Europe, Asia, and most regions of Africa. They are a typical indicator of warm climate and their distribution is restricted to tropical and subtropical zones. In China, porcupines are widely distributed in southern areas of the Yangtze River. However, fossil remains have been identified in a few sites in northern China, among which Tianyuan Cave—near Zhoukoudian site—represents the latest known porcupine fossil record. So far, studies have focused mainly on porcupines’ husbandry and domestication but little is known about their intrafamilial phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history.

Results

In this study, we sequence partial mitochondrial 12S rRNA and cyt b genes for seven Late Pleistocene porcupine individuals from Northern, Southern and Central China. Phylogenetic analyses show that the Tianyuan Cave porcupines, which had been morphologically identified as Hystrix subcristata, have a closer relationship to Hystrix brachyura.

Conclusion

Together with morphological adaptation characteristics, associated fauna, and climate change evidence, the molecular results reveal that a Late Quaternary extirpation has occurred during the evolutionary history of porcupines.
Sexual dimorphism and sex-biased gene expression in an egg parasitoid species, Anastatus disparis
Authors: Liu Peng-Cheng , Hao De-Jun , Hu Hao-Yuan , Wei Jian-Rong
Published: July 2020

Background

Differences in the expression of genes present in both sexes are assumed to contribute to sex differences including behavioural, physiological and morphological dimorphisms. For enriching our knowledge of gender differences in an important egg parasitoid wasp, Anastatus disparis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), sex-biased differences in gene expression were investigated using Illumina-based transcriptomic analysis.

Results

A total of 15,812 resulting unigenes were annotated, and a large set of genes accounting for 50.09% of the total showed sex-biased expression and included 630 sex-specific genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed that the functional categories associated with sex-biased genes were mainly related to reproduction. In addition, the transcriptome data provided evidence that sex pheromones in A. disparis are produced by the female, and activity of Δ12-desaturases appear to have been replaced by Δ9-desaturases playing roles in sex pheromone production. The large set of sex-biased genes identified in this study provide a molecular background for sexually dimorphic traits such as flyability, longevity, and aggression in this species and suggests candidate venom proteins expressed only in females that could be used for biological control.

Conclusions

This study provides comprehensive insight into sexually dimorphic traits of a parasitoid wasp and can inform future research into the molecular mechanisms underlying such traits and the application of parasitoids to the biological control of pest species.
Transcriptome-based selection and validation of optimal house-keeping genes for skin research in goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Zhang Jipan , Deng Chengchen , Li Jialu , Zhao Yongju
Published: July 2020

Background

In quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments, accurate and reliable target gene expression results are dependent on optimal amplification of house-keeping genes (HKGs). RNA-seq technology offers a novel approach to detect new HKGs with improved stability. Goat (Capra hircus) is an economically important livestock species and plays an indispensable role in the world animal fiber and meat industry. Unfortunately, uniform and reliable HKGs for skin research have not been identified in goat. Therefore, this study seeks to identify a set of stable HKGs for the skin tissue ofC. hircususing high-throughput sequencing technology.

Results

Based on the transcriptome dataset of 39 goat skin tissue samples, 8 genes (SRP68,NCBP3,RRAGA,EIF4H,CTBP2,PTPRA,CNBP, andEEF2) with relatively stable expression levels were identified and selected as new candidate HKGs. Commonly used HKGs includingSDHAandYWHAZfrom a previous study, and 2 conventional genes (ACTBandGAPDH) were also examined. Four different experimental variables: (1) different development stages, (2) hair follicle cycle stages, (3) breeds, and (4) sampling sites were used for determination and validation. Four algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt method) and a comprehensive algorithm (ComprFinder, developed in-house) were used to assess the stability of each HKG. It was shown thatNCBP3 + SDHA + PTPRAwere more stably expressed than previously used genes in all conditions analysis, and that this combination was effective at normalizing target gene expression. Moreover, a new algorithm for comprehensive analysis, ComprFinder, was developed and released.

Conclusion

This study presents the first list of candidate HKGs forC. hircusskin tissues based on an RNA-seq dataset. We propose that theNCBP3 + SDHA + PTPRAcombination could be regarded as a triplet set of HKGs in skin molecular biology experiments inC. hircusand other closely related species. In addition, we also encourage researchers who perform candidate HKG evaluations and who require comprehensive analysis to adopt our new algorithm, ComprFinder.
Early versus delayed postoperative oral hydration in children following general anesthesia: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Yin Xiaorong , Zeng Xiaoqi , Wang Ting , Dong Binbin , Wu Menghang , Jia Anna , Ye Ling
Published: July 2020

Background

Oral hydration has typically not been administered for between 4 and 6 h postoperative for children’s safety in China. But children are more likely to suffer from apnea, crying and agitation, wound bleeding, and other complications during the post-anesthesia recovery period because of thirsty and fear. This Prospective, randomized study sought to assess the compare the early and late oral hydration (EOH and DOH, respectively) in children following general anesthesia, with the goal of assessing relative safety and tolerability and thereby improving patient comfort.

Methods

A total of 2000 children corresponding to the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I-III were randomized into an EOH group (n = 1000) and a DOH group (n = 1000). For the former group, children were administered a small amount of drinking water following recovery of the swallowing reflex, and children’s vital signs were monitored for 20 min in a postanesthesia care unit (PACU). DOH group patients received water at 4 h following general anesthesia). All patients underwent monitoring to assess their thirst, satisfaction, oropharyngeal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting.

Results

Complete data were collected from a total of 1770 patients (EOH = 832, DOH = 938) and was compared via chi-squared and t-tests as appropriate. There was no hypoxemia in either group, nor did the incidence of nausea and vomiting differ between the two groups (P > 0.05). The thirst score of the EOH group was significantly decreased relative to the DOH group in the children over 5 years old after drinking for 10 to 20 min (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

For children undergoing general anesthesia, a small amount of drinking water in the early stages of recovery will not increase the incidence of nausea, vomiting, or hypoxemia, but will decrease thirst and improve satisfaction. It is important, however, that medical staff carefully monitor the swallowing reflex and vital signs of all children.

Trial registration

This study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IOR-16008197) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx. On April 2, 2016 the first patients was enrolled and on March 31, 2016 the trial was registered).
Effectiveness of wound infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine by patient control analgesia pump after minithoracotomy aortic valve replacement: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Mijovski Gordan , Podbregar Matej , Kšela Juš , Jenko Matej , Šoštarič Maja
Published: July 2020

Background

Local anesthetic wound infusion has become an invaluable technique in multimodal analgesia. The effectiveness of wound infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine delivered by patient controlled analgesia (PCA) pump has not been evaluated in minimally invasive cardiac surgery. We tested the hypothesis that 0.2% ropivacaine wound infusion by PCA pump reduces the cumulative dose of opioid needed in the first 48 h after minithoracothomy aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Methods

In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 70 adult patients (31 female and 39 male) were analyzed. Patients were randomized to receive 0.2% ropivacaine or 0.9% saline wound infusion by PCA pump for 48 h postoperatively. PCA pump was programmed at 5 ml h− 1 continuously and 5 ml of bolus with 60 min lockout. Pain levels were assessed and recorded hourly by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). If NRS score was higher than three the patient was administered 3 mg of opioid piritramide repeated and titrated as needed until pain relief was achieved. The primary outcome was the cumulative dose of the opioid piritramide in the first 48 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes were frequency of NRS scores higher than three, patient’s satisfaction with pain relief, hospital length of stay, side effects related to the local anesthetic and complications related to the wound catheter.

Results

The cumulative dose of the opioid piritramide in the first 48 h after minithoracotomy AVR was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the ropivacaine (R) group median 3 mg (IQR 6 mg) vs. 9 mg (IQR 9 mg). The number of episodes of pain where NRS score was greater than three median 2 (IQR 2), vs 3 (IQR 3), (p = 0.002) in the first 48 h after surgery were significantly lower in the ropivacaine group, compared to control. Patient satisfaction with pain relief in our study was high. There were no wound infections and no side-effects from the local anesthetic.

Conclusions

Wound infusion of local anesthetic by PCA pump significantly reduced opioid dose needed and improves pain control postoperatively. We have also shown that it is a feasible method of analgesia and it should be considered in the multimodal pain control strategy following minimally invasive cardiac surgery.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03079830, date of registration: March 15, 2017. Retrospecitvely registered.
Immediate effects of first-line thrombectomy devices for intracranial atherosclerosis-related occlusion: stent retriever versus contact aspiration
Authors: Yoo Joonsang , Lee Seong-Joon , Hong Jeong-Ho , Kim Yong-Won , Hong Ji Man , Kim Chang-Hyun , Kang Dong-Hun , Choi Jin Wook , Kim Yong-Sun , Sohn Sung-Il , Hwang Yang-Ha , Lee Jin Soo
Published: July 2020

Background

Although stent retriever (SR) is recommended as a frontline device of endovascular treatment (EVT) for embolic large artery occlusion causing acute ischemic stroke, contact aspiration (CA) device showed similar efficacy in the recent trials. However, the efficacy of the both devices as first-line therapy for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS)-related large vessel occlusion has not yet been established. Therefore, we compared the immediate effects and final outcomes of SR and CA as first-line devices for treating ICAS-related occlusions.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent EVT for acute ischemic stroke from the registry of three Korean hospitals. Patients with ICAS-related occlusion who were treated within 24 h of onset of the symptoms were included. We investigated immediate reperfusion performance, immediate safety outcomes, and 3-month clinical outcomes for the two first-line devices.

Results

Of the 720 registered patients, 111 were eligible for this study. Forty-nine patients (44.1%) used SR and 62 (55.9%) used CA as the first-line device. Achieving successful reperfusion immediately after first-line thrombectomy was more frequent in the SR group than that in the CA group (77.6% vs. 43.5%, p = 0.001), with fewer additional rescue treatments (12.2% vs. 59.7%, p < 0.001). The incidence of iatrogenic dissection or rupture was lower in the SR group than that in the CA group (8.2% vs. 29.0%, p = 0.012). After additional rescue treatments, however, the final successful reperfusion rate did not differ between the two groups (SR 87.8% vs. CA 77.4%, p = 0.247), and there was no significant difference in the 3-month good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, p = 0.524).

Conclusions

First-line SR thrombectomy showed higher immediate reperfusion and less vessel injury for ICAS-related occlusions than CA. However, there was no significant difference in the final reperfusion status or 3-month outcomes from additional rescue treatments.
The prognostic values of m6A RNA methylation regulators in uveal melanoma
Authors: Tang Jing , Wan Qi , Lu Jianqun
Published: July 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to identify gene signatures and prognostic values of m6A methylation regulators in uveal melanoma (UM).

Methods

The RNA sequencing dataset and corresponding clinical information were downloaded from TCGA and GEO database. Based on the expression of m6A RNA methylation regulators, the patients were further clustered into different groups by applying the “ClassDiscovery” algorithm. Best survival analysis was performed to select prognostic m6A regulators and multivariate cox regression analysis was applied to constructed m6A regulators signature. The association between mutations and m6A regulators was assessed by Kruskal−Wallis tests and clinical characteristics were examined by using chi-square test.

Results

Totally, we identified two molecular subtypes of UM (C1/2) by applying consensus clustering to m6A RNA methylation regulators. In contrast to the C1 subtype, the C2 subtype associates with a better prognosis, has higher percentage of subtype 1 and lower percentage of Monosomy 3 which have been regarded as the well established prognostic markers for UM. The malignant hallmarks of mTORC1 signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, interferon-a response and apoptosis signaling are also significantly enriched in the C1 subtype. Moreover, a 3-m6A regulators signature was constructed by multivariate cox regression analysis method, which closely correlated with chromosome 3 status, subtype 1 of UM and can robustly predict patients’ overall survival time.

Conclusions

m6A RNA methylation regulators take a crucial role in the potential malignant progression and prognostic value of UM and might be regarded as a new promising biomarker for UM prognosis and treatment strategy development.
Effect of neoadjuvant therapy on breast cancer biomarker profile
Authors: Rey-Vargas Laura , Mejía-Henao Juan Carlos , Sanabria-Salas María Carolina , Serrano-Gomez Silvia J.
Published: July 2020

Background

Breast cancer clinical management requires the assessment of hormone receptors (estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and cellular proliferation index Ki67, by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in order to choose and guide therapy according to tumor biology. Many studies have reported contradictory results regarding changes in the biomarker profile after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Given its clinical implications for the disease management, we aimed to analyze changes in ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 expression in paired core-needle biopsies and surgical samples in breast cancer patients that had either been treated or not with NAT.

Methods

We included 139 patients with confirmed diagnosis of invasive ductal breast carcinoma from the Colombian National Cancer Institute. Variation in biomarker profile were assessed according to NAT administration (NAT and no-NAT treated cases) and NAT scheme (hormonal, cytotoxic, cytotoxic + trastuzumab, combined). Chi-squared and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to identify changes in biomarker status and percentage expression, respectively, in the corresponding groups.

Results

We did not find any significant variations in biomarker status or expression values in the no-NAT group. In cases previously treated with NAT, we did find a statistically significant decrease in Ki67 (p < 0.001)and PR (p = 0.02605) expression. When changes were evaluated according to NAT scheme, we found a significant decrease in both Ki67 status (p = 0.02977) and its expression values (p < 0.001) in cases that received the cytotoxic treatment.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that PR and Ki67 expression can be altered by NAT administration, whereas cases not previously treated with NAT do not present IHC biomarker profile variations. The re-evaluation of these two biomarkers after NAT could provide valuable information regarding treatment response and prognosis for breast cancer patients.
Reduction of corneal epithelial thickness during medical treatment for myopic regression following FS-LASIK
Authors: Ryu Ik-Hee , Kim Wook Kyum , Nam Myoung Sik , Kim Jin Kook , Kim Sun Woong
Published: July 2020

Background

To evaluate corneal epithelial thickness change during medical treatment for eyes with myopic regression after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK).

Methods

This study included 84 eyes of 54 subjects diagnosed with myopic regression after FS-LASIK and treated using topical steroid and anti-glaucoma drugs. Corneal epithelial thickness was measured using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography before and after treatment. Subjects were divided into three groups based on their corneal epithelial thickness at the time of myopic regression and regression analyses were used to investigate the association between corneal epithelial thickness, visual acuity, and refraction. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine whether corneal epithelial thickness could predict the success of treatment, improvements of ≥ two lines in uncorrected distance visual acuity and ≥ 0.5 diopter in refraction or K.

Results

Corneal epithelial thickness decreased with greater change in the center as myopic regression subsided during medical treatment. Subgroup with the thickest epithelium (≥ 62 μm) showed a higher success rate and greater changes in refraction and vision. Reduced magnitude of corneal epithelial thickness showed significant correlations with changes of K and refractive error (all P < 0.001). Corneal epithelial thickness was a significant factor for the success of treatment and ROC curve showed that corneal epithelial thickness > 60.50 μm had 81.5% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity for the success of medical treatment.

Conclusion

Corneal epithelial thickness decreases proportionally with the magnitude of improvement of myopic regression during treatment with steroid and anti-glaucoma drugs in post-LASIK eyes with myopic regression.
Evaluation of the impact of breastfeeding support groups in primary health centres in Andalusia, Spain: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (GALMA project)
Authors: Rodríguez-Gallego Isabel , Leon-Larios Fatima , Ruiz-Ferrón Cecilia , Lomas-Campos Maria-de-las-Mercedes
Published: July 2020

Background

In 2003, the World Health Organization recommended exclusive breastfeeding (EB) during the newborn’s first 6 months of life and, if possible, during the first 2 years. However, EB rates resist these recommendations. In developed countries, only 1 out of 3 babies is breastfed during its first 6 months of life, and great differences between areas and countries can be observed. Only 35% of the newborns receive breastfeeding at 3–4 months of age. There are diverse strategies described in the literature that have proven their efficiency in improving breastfeeding rates. It has also been proven that professional support is an effective tool to extend any kind of breastfeeding; besides, it has been observed that mother-to-mother support also increases breastfeeding initiation, sustainment, and exclusive duration. The overall aim of the study is to assess the impact of the support groups on the sustainment of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months after birth.

Methods/design

This study is a cluster-random multicentric clinical trial with a control group and an intervention group, without blinding because it is impossible to mask the intervention. A randomization by centres of primary health (clusters) will be carried out. The women allocated to the intervention or control group will be randomized with a simple randomization sampling. The participants’ breastfeeding rate will be followed up at the first 10 days, and at 2, 4, and 6 months of their newborn’s life.

Discussion

There is a need to assess the impact of mother support groups on exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to analyse the outcomes related to the support received and to identify what should the structure of these groups be; in other words, to describe factors related to a better breastfeeding experience in order to help women increase breastfeeding rates.

Trial registration

The trial is prospectively recorded at the ISRCTN registry (Trial ID: ISRCTN17263529). Date recorded: 17/06/2020.