bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can manure application method and timing with cover crops reduce NH3 and N2O gas losses and sustain corn yield?
Authors: Sigdel Sailesh , Dell Curtis J. , Karsten Heather D.
Published: July 2024

Ammonia (NH3) loss following manure application is an environmental concern and N loss for crop production. Manure injection typically reduces NH3 loss compared to surface application without incorporation but increases emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a potent greenhouse gas. Synchronizing manure in spring with cover crop (CC) growth may increase N recovery and reduce N2O emissions compared to applying manure later in the absence of growing crops. We compared the two following manure application methods: shallow‐disk injection (IM) or surface banding without incorporation (BM) to annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) CC at two times: early spring on growing CC (EARLY) and late spring on terminated CC (LATE). The randomized split‐plot block experiment was conducted at Rock Springs, PA, during 2021–2022. After manure application, we measured NH3 for 72 h and N2O throughout the growing season. Aboveground CC biomass, N, and C:N ratio; pre‐sidedress soil nitrate; corn (Zea mays L.) stalk nitrate; and silage yield were assessed. Averaged across application times, compared to BM, IM reduced cumulative NH3 loss, increased soil N, and resulted in 13% greater corn yield but increased yield‐scaled N2O. Compared to BM LATE, BM EARLY reduced NH3 loss by 43%, increased CC N, reduced N2O emission by 50%, but decreased corn yield by 11%. When IM was EARLY compared to LATE, CC N increased 84%, cumulative N2O loss decreased 55%, and corn yield was similar. Injecting manure to growing CCs offers a strategy for reducing detrimental NH3 and N2O emissions and maintaining corn yield.
An efficient subsampling method for estimating corn root characteristics with scanner‐based image analysis
Authors: Ampong Kwame , Penn Chad , Camberato James , Williams Mark
Published: July 2024

Quantifying root length, surface area, average diameter, and volume of fully‐matured corn (Zea mays L.) is labor intensive, time consuming, and costly. Accurate and efficient subsampling techniques are needed to overcome these limitations. In this study, eight corn root systems were grown to maturity in a sand‐culture hydroponics system to develop and test root system subsampling techniques for accuracy (uncertainty assessment) and efficiency (time). Each entire root system was separated into coarse and fine roots, which were then composited into 65 subsamples, either visually or by mass, followed by subsample scanning to quantify root characteristics. A bootstrap non‐parametric procedure was used to determine the sample size needed to represent the total root system and quantify uncertainty based on the number of subsamples analyzed. When subsamples were composited visually, as many as 60 subsamples (92% of the total root system) were necessary to represent the characteristics of the root system within ±5% of the true mean at a 95% confidence level. In contrast, when subsamples were composited by equal mass, a maximum of 15 subsamples (23% of the total root system) were needed to be representative, requiring 2 h and 15 min per root system. The findings show that separating the entire root system by coarse and fine roots and then weighing into equal mass subsamples before scanning decreased the number of subsamples and time required to accurately estimate corn root characteristics. Thus, this subsampling approach considerably reduced the effort and cost of processing corn root systems.
Cryptocurrencies: Who is vulnerable and what are the vulnerabilities?
Authors: Blue Levon , Xing Congcong , Pham Thu
Published: July 2024

Australians are embracing new forms of digital finance products and services, which includes purchasing cryptocurrencies and non‐fungible tokens (NFTs). There has been an increase in investment scams associated with cryptocurrencies. In this article, we sought to understand from cryptocurrency and NFT investors, who is vulnerable and what vulnerabilities exist. We surveyed 745 Australians aged 18 and over who have purchased cryptocurrencies or NFTs. We used sociological perspectives of consumer vulnerability that focus on internal and external factors to analyse our findings. We found that both socioeconomic advantaged and disadvantaged Australians are vulnerable. The vulnerabilities include concerns over security, unsolicited advice, limited options for learning, and insufficient financial and IT literacy. The findings suggest that online financial education is needed from trusted independent sources to help combat scams and to keep Australians and their crypto assets safe. We recommend that more opportunities to educate individuals about alternative forms of financial products are offered in compulsory, vocational and higher education settings.
New Embedded Wormhole Solutions in Ricci Inverse Gravity
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Javed Faisal , Maurya Sunil Kumar , Errehymy Abdelghani
Published: July 2024

In this work, two new embedded WH solutions are obtained by using the Class‐I approach in the background of newly fourth‐order Ricci inverse gravity. It is shown that the combination of these newly calculated shape functions and Ricci inverse gravity provides us with the possibility of obtaining traversable wormholes. All the required wormhole properties are discussed, along with flaring out and flatness conditions. The embedded diagrams within the scope of upper and lower universes are provided under the effect of both newly calculated embedded shape functions. All the energy conditions are explored with valid and negative regions. The presence of exotic matter is confirmed due to the negative region in all the energy conditions, specifically in the null energy condition. The Doppler effect through the red‐blue shifts function is also discussed. Several key findings from the current research are described that demonstrate the validity of these wormhole solutions in Ricci inverse gravity.
Exploring the contribution of the salivary gland and midgut to digestion in the swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii) through a genomics‐guided approach
Authors: Mori Boyd A. , Coutu Cathy , Erlandson Martin A. , Hegedus Dwayne D.
Published: July 2024

The larvae of Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the swede midge, targets the meristem of brassica crops where they induce the formation of galls and disrupt seed and vegetable production. Previously, we examined the salivary gland transcriptome of newly‐hatched first instar larvae as they penetrated the host and initiated gall formation. Here we examine the salivary gland and midgut transcriptome of third instar larvae and provide evidence for cooperative nutrient acquisition beginning with secretion of enzymes and feeding facilitators followed by gastrointestinal digestion. Sucrose, presumably obtained from the phloem, appeared to be a major nutrient source as several α‐glucosidases (sucrases, maltases) and β‐fructofuranosidases (invertases) were identified. Genes encoding β‐fructofuranosidases/invertases were among the most highly expressed in both tissues and represented two distinct gene families that may have originated via horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. The importance of the phloem as a nutrient source is underscored by the expression of genes encoding regucalcin and ARMET (arginine‐rich mutated in early stages of tumor) which interfere with calcium signalling and prevent sieve tube occlusion. Lipids, proteins, and starch appear to serve as a secondary nutrient sources. Genes encoding enzymes involved in the detoxification of glucosinolates (myrosinases, arylsulfatases, and glutathione‐S‐transferases) were expressed indicative of Brassicaceae host specialization. The midgut expressed simple peritrophins and mucins typical of those found in Type II peritrophic matrices, the first such description for a gall midge.
Nature in Seclusion. The Monastic Republic of Letters in Southern Germany**
Authors: Bloemer Julia
Published: July 2024

Monasteries were famous for their extensive libraries and richly decorated churches. Less well known are their observatories and their mathematical‐physical collections with telescopes, air pumps, and friction machines. But how did the way of life in the monastery and scientific practices influence each other? This paper examines the interaction of scientific practices and religious way of life using the example of southern German monasteries in the second half of the eighteenth century. It shows how the monks pragmatically linked monastic life and research practice, thereby forming their own specific scientific culture. This closes an important gap in the understanding of scholarship in the eighteenth century by foregrounding the monasteries as places of knowledge production, which have so far received little attention alongside universities and academies.
Reversion of chronic to episodic migraine in working age and botulinum toxin‐resistant patients treated with fremanezumab: A real‐life study
Authors: Tudela‐Tomas Juan , Ramos‐Guerrero Rosa‐Maria , Rodriguez‐Mateos Maria‐Eugenia
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The objectives of this real‐life study were to analyze the reversion of chronic migraine (CM) to episodic migraine (EM) with fremanezumab, evaluate its benefit on the symptomatology, and determine the influence of possible clinical features on the reversion.

Background

The clinical manifestations of CM have a high impact on the quality of life of patients, and monoclonal antibodies such as fremanezumab are used as prophylactic treatment.

Methods

Diagnosed CM patients treated for at least 3 months with monthly fremanezumab were interviewed. The data to assess efficacy were before treatment and at the time of the interview: monthly headache days (MHDs), daily headache hours (DHHs), monthly symptomatic medication days (MSMDs), percentage of patients with symptomatic medication overuse (SMO), and pain intensity with the numerical rating scale (NRS) score. Possible predictors of reversion were analyzed: percentage of patients treated for at least 12 months, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression, anxiety, symptomatic control with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), triptans or both, and amitriptyline prophylaxis.

Results

A total of 54 patients were included, of whom 40 (74.1%) were converters to EM. There were significant improvements in converters compared to pre‐treatment in MHDs (28.0 vs. 5.0 days), as well as on the variables DHHs, MSMDs, and SMO. The percentage of erenumab failures was significantly higher in non‐converters than in converters, as was the percentage of patients with anxiety.

Conclusions

High reversion from CM to EM was achieved with fremanezumab and notable symptomatological improvement, establishing previous failure to erenumab and anxiety as possible detrimental factors for reversion.
Development and validation of a nomogram for major adverse cardiovascular events after chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention for ischemic heart failure
Authors: Du Jiaqi , Yang Lulu , Hao Zhengyang , Li Huan , Yang Chunlei , Wang Xing , Zhang Zhaozhi , Du Youyou , Zhang Yanzhou
Published: July 2024

Background

Chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO‐PCI) is an available means of revascularization in patients with ischemic heart failure (IHF). However, the prognosis of IHF patients undergoing CTO‐PCI remains unclear due to the lack of reliable clinical predictive tools.

Aim

This study aimed to establish a nomogram for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after CTO‐PCI in IHF patients.

Methods

Sixty‐seven potential predictive variables for MACE in 560 IHF patients undergoing CTO‐PCI were screened using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. A nomogram was constructed based on multivariable Cox regression to visualize the risk of MACE, and then evaluation was carried out using the concordance index (C‐index), time‐independent receiver operating characteristic (timeROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

During a median follow‐up of 32.0 months, there were 208 MACE occurrences. Seven variables were selected for nomogram construction: age, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, N‐terminal precursor B‐type diuretic peptide, bending, and use of intravascular ultrasound and beta‐blockers. The C‐index was 0.715 (0.680–0.750) and the internal validation result was 0.715 (0.676–0.748). The timeROC area under the curve at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years was 0.750 (0.653–0.846), 0.747 (0.690–0.804), and 0.753 (0.708–0.798), respectively. The calibration curves and DCA showed the nomogram had acceptable calibration and clinical applicability.

Conclusions

We developed a simple and efficient nomogram for MACE after CTO‐PCI in IHF patients, which helps in early risk stratification and postoperative management optimization.
Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement after arterial switch operation
Authors: Nageotte Stephen , Salavitabar Arash , Zablah Jenny E. , Ligon R. Allen , Turner Mariel E. , El‐Said Howaida , Guyon Peter , Boucek Dana , Alvarez‐Fuente Maria , McElhinney Doff B. , Balzer David , Shahanavaz Shabana
Published: July 2024

Background

Patients with d‐transposition of the great arteries (d‐TGA) who have undergone an arterial switch operation (ASO) can develop right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dysfunction with pulmonary regurgitation (PR) or stenosis. In these patients, treatment may include transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR). Coronary compression is a contraindication occurring in 5% of typical TPVR cases. After ASO, there are various anatomical considerations that can confound TPVR, including potential coronary artery compression. Our goal is to understand feasibility of TPVR in patients following ASO.

Methods

This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients with RVOT dysfunction after ASO who underwent cardiac catheterization with intention to perform TPVR from 2008 to 2020.

Results

Across nine centers, 33 patients met inclusion criteria. TPVR was successful in 22 patients (66%), 19 receiving a Melody valve and 3 a SAPIEN valve. RVOT stenosis in isolation or with PR dictated need for TPVR in nearly all patients. One serious adverse event occurred with valve embolization. After TPVR, the RVOT peak gradient decreased from 43 to 9 mm Hg (p < 0.001); PR was trivial/none in all but one patient, in whom it was mild. Coronary compression prohibiting TPVR occurred in eight patients (24%) and two patients (6%) had severe aortic regurgitation from aortic root deformation precluding TPVR. Seven patients underwent RVOT reintervention a median of 5.3 years post‐TPVR.

Conclusions

TPVR in patients with d‐TGA after ASO is feasible, but in this cohort, coronary compression or aortic root distortion precluded TPVR in one‐third of patients. The rate of RVOT reintervention after TPVR was higher in this cohort of ASO patients than in prior studies.
Understanding the role of the left atrial appendage on the flow in the atrium
Authors: Bshennaty Ahmad , Vogl Brennan J. , Bavo Alessandra Maria , Sularz Agata , Kramer Anders Dahl , Jia Yuheng , De Beule Matthieu , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens Erik , De Backer Ole , Alkhouli Mohamad , Hatoum Hoda
Published: July 2024

Background

The exclusion/occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is a treatment option for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who are at high risk of stroke and high risk of bleeding. As the role of the LAA is not well understood or explored, this study aims to assess its role on flow dynamics in the left atrium.

Methods

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out for nine AF patients before and after LAA exclusion. The flow parameters investigated included the LA velocities, Time Averaged Wall Shear Stress (TAWSS), Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI), Relative Residence Time (RRT), and Pressure in the LA.

Results

This study shows that, on average, a decrease in TAWSS (1.82 ± 1.85 Pa to 1.27 ± 0.96 Pa, p < 0.05) and a slight increase in OSI (0.16 ± 0.10 to 0.17 ± 0.10, p < 0.05), RRT (1.87 ± 1.84 Pa−1 to 2.11 ± 1.78 Pa−1, p < 0.05), and pressure (−19.2 ± 6.8 mmHg to −15.3 ± 8.3 mmHg, p < 0.05) were observed in the LA after the exclusion of the LAA, with a decrease in low‐magnitude velocities.

Conclusion

The exclusion of the LAA seems to be associated with changes in LA flow dynamics. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical implications of these changes.
In‐stent restenosis caused by a reprotruding calcified nodule and stent fracture in the hinged coronary artery
Authors: Murakami Tsukasa , Kojima Keisuke , Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Takenoya Masanori
Published: July 2024

Calcified nodules (CNs) cause in‐stent restenosis (ISR) frequently. Although reprotrusion of CNs through stent struts is one of the mechanisms of ISR, the process of this phenomenon has not been understood. Furthermore, little is known about stent fracture (SF) occurring at the site of CNs. We are presenting a case of an 82‐year‐old male who developed early ISR due to the combination of an in‐stent CN and SF in the hinged right coronary artery. The process of progression of the in‐stent CN was recorded sequentially with angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). IVUS from the fulcrum of hinge motion revealed the repetitive protruding movement of the CN into the stent lumen.
Meta‐long Papyrus: Meta‐analysis of mid to long‐term outcomes of PK Papyrus covered stent
Authors: Jurado‐Román Alfonso , Tébar‐Márquez Daniel , Hernandez‐Enríquez Marco , Birkemeyer Ralf , Rodríguez‐Leor Oriol , Spinu Radu , Belle Loïc , Galeote Guillermo , Jiménez‐Valero Santiago , Moreno Raúl
Published: July 2024

Background

Although covered stents (CS) represent a potentially life‐saving intervention for coronary perforation (CAP), their application has expanded to other contexts, including coronary aneurysms (CAA). However, data regarding mid‐ and long‐term outcomes of CS in these settings scenarios remains limited.

Aims

This meta‐analysis aims to evaluate major adverse cardiac events (MACE) from discharge through long‐term follow‐up in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with the new generation polyurethane‐covered cobalt‐chromium PK Papyrus CS.

Methods

We conducted a meta‐analysis of data from three observational trials that included long‐term follow‐up of patients who underwent PK Papyrus CS implantation: Papyrus‐Spain, SOS PK Papyrus, and PAST‐PERF registry.

Results

332 patients underwent PK Papyrus CS implantation, 236 (71.1%) for CAP, 70 (21.1%) for CAA and 26 (7.8%) for other indications. After a mean follow‐up of 16.2 months, the MACE was 14.3%, with Target Lesion Revascularization (TLR) being the most frequent (8.5%), followed by stent thrombosis (ST), 3.3% and cardiac death (CD), 2.6%. Comparing CAP and CAA subgroups, the MACE rate in CAA was significantly higher than CAP (21.4% vs 9.7%, p < 0.01), primary driven by ST (CAA: 8.6% vs CAP: 1.3%; p = 0.0015).

Conclusions

The clinical outcomes following PK Papyrus CS implantation are deemed acceptable, considering the challenging scenarios and the existing alternative treatments. However, MACE rates in patients with CAA who received Papyrus PK CS were significantly higher than in those with CAP, underscoring the importance of meticulous patient selection and optimization of CS in these complex patients and coronary anatomies.
Real‐Time Product Detection during CO2 Electroreduction on SCILL‐Modified Cu Catalysts
Authors: Parada Walter A. , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Nikolaienko Pavlo
Published: July 2024

Modifying the chemical environment of active surfaces with ionic liquids (IL) is an emerging strategy for tailoring novel electrocatalytic systems, including carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR). Although copper (Cu) catalysts have recently gained more attention in this field, their modification with ILs is yet to be investigated. This work tested a range of common hydrophobic ILs impregnated into carbon‐supported Cu catalysts, following the “solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer” (SCILL) approach. The latter was used to showcase the applicability of real‐time product detection for CO2RR employing electrochemical mass spectrometry. The observed patterns of C1 to C3 product selectivity offered valuable insights into the intricate reaction mechanism. In addition, increasing the size of the IL cation showed an opposite and significant effect on the reaction selectivity. The obtained qualitative results were partially compared with conventional long‐term experiments.
The Quest for Stable Borozene Core in Main‐Group Capped Inverse Sandwich Complexes, [(HE)2B6H6]2− (E=B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl)
Authors: Joshi Gaurav , Jemmis Eluvathingal D.
Published: July 2024

The ubiquitous chemistry of benzene led us to explore ways to stabilise analogous borozene, by capping them with appropriate groups. The mismatch in overlap of ring‐cap fragment molecular orbitals in [(HB)2B6H6]2− is overcome by replacing the two BH caps with higher congeners of boron. We calculated the relative energies of all the polyhedral structural candidates for [(HE)2B6H6]2− (E=Al−Tl) and found hexagonal bipyramid (HBP) to be more stable with Al−H caps. A global minimum search also gives HBP as the most stable structure for [Al2B6H8]2−. The capped B6H6 ring in [(HAl)2B6H6]2− has aromaticity comparable to that of benzene.
Prostate cancer in transgender women: A propensity score–matched analysis of disease severity and survival
Authors: Meagher Margaret , Morgan Kylie , Deshler Leah , Riviere Paul , Dolendo Isabella , Rose Brent , Jamieson Christina , Morris Sheldon , Nik‐Ahd Farnoosh , Freedland Stephen , Anger Jennifer , Salmasi Amirali
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite the rise in gender‐affirming care, our understanding of prostate cancer (PCa) in transgender women (TGW) remains in its infancy. Health disparities and lack of PCa awareness and screening are possible barriers to providing quality care for this population. In addition, the implication of hormonal manipulation for the aggressiveness of PCa in TGW is yet to be determined. Here, this study sought to compare oncological characteristics and survival outcomes between transgender and cisgender (CG) patients with PCa via two national data sets.

Methods

The Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure database (1999–2020) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database (2010–2017) were reviewed. Demographic and clinical details were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed on propensity score–matched groups to identify predictors of high‐risk disease and metastasis in patients with PCa. Groups were matched 5:1 (CG:TGW) on the basis of age, race, year of diagnosis, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Primary outcomes included metastatic presentation, high‐risk localized disease, overall survival (OS), and prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM).

Results

A total of 1194 patients were included (199 TGW; 995 CG). Associations between transgender identity and metastatic presentation (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; p = .2), high‐risk localized disease (OR, 1.19; p = .50), or PCSM (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; p = .3) were not detected. Transgender identity was associated with improved OS (HR, 0.67; p = .014).

Conclusions

PCa‐specific outcomes seem comparable between TGW and CG men, although the study was underpowered to detect modest differences. Further investigation into the incidence and outcomes of PCa in TGW is warranted.
Comparison of infection risk between enzalutamide and abiraterone in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Yan Hiu Athena , Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Leung Chi Ho , Liu Alex Qinyang , Dee Edward Christopher , Ng Kenrick , Shamash Johnathan , Tse Gary , Wai Leung David Ka , Ng Chi Fai
Published: July 2024

Background

Enzalutamide and abiraterone may differ in their immunomodulatory effects, and the prednisone coadministered with abiraterone can be immunosuppressive. This study aimed to compare the risk of different types of infection in patients with prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone in combination with androgen deprivation therapy.

Methods

Patients with prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone in addition to androgen deprivation therapy in Hong Kong between December 1999 to March 2021 were identified in this retrospective cohort study and followed up until September 2021, death, or crossover. Outcomes, including any sepsis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis or skin abscess, central nervous system infections, and tuberculosis, were analyzed as both time‐to‐event outcomes (multivariable Fine‐Gray regression, with mortality considered a competing event) and recurrent‐event outcomes (multivariable negative binomial regression).

Results

Altogether, 1582 patients were analyzed (923 abiraterone users; 659 enzalutamide users) with a median follow‐up of 10.6 months (interquartile range: 5.3–19.9 months). Compared to abiraterone users, enzalutamide users had lower cumulative incidences of sepsis (adjusted subhazard ratio [SHR] 0.70 [0.53–0.93], p = .014), pneumonia (adjusted SHR 0.76 [0.59–0.99], p = .040), and cellulitis or skin abscess (adjusted SHR 0.55 [0.39–0.79], p = .001), but not urinary tract infection (adjusted SHR 0.91 [0.62–1.35], p = .643). Associations between exposure and central nervous system infections and tuberculosis were not assessed because of low event rates. Analyzing the outcomes as recurrent events gave similar results. Enzalutamide use may be associated with a lower risk of urinary tract infection in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

Compared to abiraterone users, enzalutamide users have significantly lower risks of sepsis, pneumonia, cellulitis, or skin abscess.
Effect of Psychotherapy on Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Näsling John , Åström Elisabeth , Jacobsson Lars , Ljungberg Jessica K.
Published: July 2024

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is the tendency to react negatively on affective, cognitive and behavioural levels to uncertain situations and to harbour negative beliefs about the implications of uncertainty. IU has been linked to psychopathology and shown to impact treatment outcomes. This study systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta‐analysis of the effects of psychotherapy on IU. A total of 22 studies (1491 participants) were identified in online searches and included in the meta‐analyses. Analyses were performed on studies with passive and active control conditions. The pooled effect on IU from studies with passive control was large (g = −0.94 [95% CI −1.25 to −0.62]) but with significant heterogeneity. Pooled effects on IU from studies with active controls were not significant. Moderator analysis showed that among studies with a passive control condition, studies that recruited participants from clinical care facilities produced smaller effect sizes. Among studies with an active control condition, study quality significantly moderated the results, with higher quality leading to a larger effect size. These results indicate that changes in IU may be difficult to reliably achieve in psychotherapy and leave many questions about the effect of psychotherapy on IU unanswered, such as what active components produced the observed changes in studies with passive control.
SDN architecture‐based secure data transfer with cooperative searching scheme for AUV‐based underwater wireless networks
Authors: Vana Hari Krishna , Kolisetty Ramadevi , Narayanam Balaji
Published: July 2024

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) based on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have become the standard technology for underwater search tasks with the advent of new underwater information and communication technologies (ICTs). It is also vulnerable to threats and malicious attacks because of its inherent characteristics, open acoustic channel and hostile underwater environment. The purpose of this research is to develop a secure data transfer (SDF) system based on software‐defined networking (SDN) architecture with cooperative searching scheme (CSS) (SDN‐SDF‐CSS) for AUV‐based UWSN. This part employs data, local control and the primary control layer to provide a scalable SDN‐based architecture for the AUV‐based UWSN. To accomplish the underwater search operation, the data layer is primarily deployed to gather AUVs (G‐AUVs) and store AUVs (S‐AUVs). In order to schedule the AUV, the clustering process takes place based on priority ranking with respect to the average power of each cluster. Then, the CSS is developed, and it is performed in the data layer. The hierarchical localization framework (HLF) can be used to locate each AUV's location within the data layer, which is a necessary step in deploying the cooperative searching model. Finally, for an efficient data transfer, the communication model is deployed in the data layer. UWSNs are vulnerable to various malicious attacks (such as bad‐mouthing attacks, on–off attacks, blackhole attacks and wormhole attacks) because of the high bit error rate and unstable optical/acoustic channels in the underwater environment. To overcome this, an SDF technique is used, which involves isolating the attacker node from the data layer. The suggested SDN‐SDF‐CSS model is implemented on the MATLAB platform, and its performance is evaluated using various evaluation metrics, both with and without attacks. As a result, the proposed SDN‐SDF‐CSS model has achieved better performance and proved its superiority in the UWSN environment.
A miniaturized dual wide‐band polarization reconfigurable antenna integrated with artificial magnetic conductor for next‐generation wireless applications
Authors: Rajavel Vellaichamy , Ghoshal Dibyendu
Published: July 2024

In today's intricate wireless communication environment, ensuring system quality demands the use of a reliable and versatile antenna system. This research article introduces a polarization reconfigurable antenna integrated with a 4 × 4 Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) surface. The AMC unit cell exhibits a triple‐band reflection phase response at 1.8GHz, 4.5GHz, and 5.5GHz, demonstrating double negative metamaterial behavior. The antenna features two distinct C‐shaped metal strips connected to two PIN diodes, enabling dynamic current distribution adjustment. Consequently, the proposed antenna offers three reconfigurable states, facilitating seamless switching between dual circular polarization (left and right‐hand circular polarization) and linear polarization. With a frequency coverage ranging from 1.29 to 2.52GHz and 3.59 to 6.15GHz, the antenna boasts a maximum axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 31.96%. Additionally, it achieves a maximum peak gain of 5.5 dB and maintains front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) values exceeding 25 dB, while recording a minimum specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 0.1059 W/kg. The integration of the AMC surface ensures enhanced performance of the antenna. Experimental results from constructed prototypes closely align with simulation outcomes, validating the effectiveness of the proposed antenna. Consequently, this antenna holds significant promise for next‐generation wireless applications.
Comorbid neuropathology and atypical presentation of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pina‐Escudero Stefanie D. , La Joie Renaud , Spina Salvatore , Hwang Ji‐Hye , Miller Zachary A. , Huang Eric J. , Grant Harli , Mundada Nidhi S. , Boxer Adam L. , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa , Rosen Howard J. , Kramer Joel H. , Miller Bruce L. , Seeley William W. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Grinberg Lea Tenenholz
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes present with amnestic and nonamnestic (atypical) syndromes. The contribution of comorbid neuropathology as a substratum of atypical expression of AD remains under investigated.

METHODS

We examined whether atypical AD exhibited increased comorbid neuropathology compared to typical AD and if such neuropathologies contributed to the accelerated clinical decline in atypical AD.

RESULTS

We examined 60 atypical and 101 typical AD clinicopathological cases. The number of comorbid pathologies was similar between the groups (p = 0.09). Argyrophilic grain disease was associated with atypical presentation (p = 0.008) after accounting for sex, age of onset, and disease duration. Vascular brain injury was more common in typical AD (p = 0.022). Atypical cases had a steeper Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE) decline over time (p = 0.033).

DISCUSSION

Comorbid neuropathological changes are unlikely to contribute to atypical AD presentation and the steeper cognitive decline seen in this cohort.

Highlights

Autopsy cohort of 60 atypical and 101 typical AD; does comorbid pathology explain atypical presentation?

Atypical versus Typical AD: No significant differences in comorbid neuropathologies were found (p = 0.09).

Argyrophilic Grain Disease Association: significantly correlates with atypical AD presentations, suggesting a unique neuropathological pattern (p = 0.008).

Vascular Brain Injury Prevalence: Vascular brain injury is more common in typical AD than in atypical AD (p = 0.022).

Cognitive Decline in Atypical AD: Atypical AD patients experience a steeper cognitive decline measured by MMSE than those with typical AD despite lacking more comorbid neuropathology, highlighting the severity of atypical AD pathogenesis (p = 0.033).
Bimodal response strategy in Daphnia to ambush predation risk
Authors: Lee Marcus , Hansson Lars‐Anders
Published: July 2024

Predation's consequences can manifest through either consumptive or nonconsumptive effects, but the prey response may also vary depending on the predator hunting strategy. Considerable attention has been paid to coursing predators, whereas less information is available regarding responses to ambush predators. To remedy this paucity, we utilized a three‐dimensional tracking platform to record groups of Daphnia magna under predation risk from the ambush invertebrate predator red‐eyed damselfly, Erythromma najas. This design allowed us to test individual antipredator responses in multiple metrics of swimming behaviors. We demonstrate that predation risk was greatest for those that swam at 85% of the available depth and averaged 8.1 mm/s. Examining the swimming behavior of each individual separately showed that predation risk did not affect any of the prey response metrics. Interestingly, however, Daphnia did conform to one of two strategies while under predation risk: either swim fast high up in the water column or swim slowly close to the bottom. Hence, this dichotomous behavior is driven by strategies combining speed and depth in different constellations. In a broader context, our findings highlight the importance of considering both the spatial and temporal dimensions of predation events in order to correctly detect antipredator responses.
Nanosheet‐Doped Polymer Composites with High Intrinsic Piezoelectric Properties for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Kaihang , Lu Jiaqi , Cai Xinyu , Shah Muhammad Naeem , Wu Jianhui , Li Jie , Wu Yifan , Zhang Chi , Xu Liangquan , Kuang Haoze , Hazarika Dinku , Zhou Binghan , Chen Zhuo , Cao Zhen , Jin Hao , Dong Shurong , Huang Yuhui , Zhang Qilong , Wu Yongjun , Occhipinti Luigi Giuseppe , Hasan Tawfique , Luo Jikui
Published: July 2024

Few‐layer nanosheets (NSs) of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) display notable piezoelectric properties. Yet, their integration into polymers typically yields non‐piezoelectric composites due to NSs' random distribution. We introduce a facile method for fabricating intrinsic piezoelectric composites incorporated with NSs without electric poling. Our innovative process aligns NSs within polyvinyl alcohol polymer, leveraging ice‐water interfacial tension, water crystallization thrust, and directional cross‐linking during freezing. The resulting PE composites exhibit a maximum piezoelectric coefficient of up to 25.5–28.4 pC N−1, comparable to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), with significant cost‐efficiency, safety, and scalability advantages over conventional materials. Using this composite, we develop highly sensitive wearable pressure and strain sensors, and an ultrasound energy harvester. These sensors detect finger bending and differentiate between walking and running, while the harvester generates ~1.18 V/2.31 μA under 1 W cm−2 ultrasound input underwater. This universal method offers a novel manufacturing technique for piezoelectric composites, demonstrating remarkable effectiveness in synthesizing intrinsic piezoelectric composites based on 2D materials. Moreover, its potential extends to applications in wearable electronics and energy harvesting, promising significant advancements in these fields.
Immune cell profiling of the ICAM1 p.K56M heart failure with preserved ejection fraction risk variant
Authors: Gao Jing , Giro Pedro , Delaney Joseph A. , Rasmussen‐Torvik Laura , Taylor Kent D. , Thorp Edward B. , Doyle Margaret F. , Feinstein Matthew J. , Sitlani Colleen M. , Olson Nels , Tracy Russell , Shah Sanjiv J. , Psaty Bruce M. , Patel Ravi B.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) facilitates inflammation via leucocyte recruitment and has been implicated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Approximately 35% of African American individuals carry a copy of an ICAM1 missense variant (rs5491; p.K56M), which is associated with an increased risk of HFpEF. The pathways by which rs5491 increases HFpEF risk are not well defined. We evaluated the circulating immune cell profile of rs5491.

Methods

Among African American individuals in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, we evaluated the associations of rs5491 with 29 circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. The top immune cells were then related to echocardiographic measures of structure and function.

Results

Among 502 individuals with immune cell profiling (mean age 63 years, 51% female), 191 individuals (38%) had at least one copy of rs5491. Each additional rs5491 allele was significantly associated with higher proportions of Tc17 CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (β = 1.34, SE = 0.45, P = 9.5 × 10−5) and Tc2 CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (β = 1.19, SE = 0.44, P = 0.00012). There were no other associations noted between rs5491 and the remaining immune cells. A higher proportion of Tc17 cells was significantly associated with a higher left ventricular ejection fraction, E/e′ average and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), while a higher proportion of Tc2 cells was significantly associated with a higher RVSP.

Conclusions

The ICAM1 p.K56M variant (rs5491) carries a distinct and inflammatory T‐cell subset profile. These cytotoxic T cells are in turn associated with alterations in cardiac function and adverse haemodynamics later in life, thus providing insight into pathways by which rs5491 may increase the risk of HFpEF.
Realizing precision medicine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Remaining challenges and potential opportunities
Authors: Stamatopoulos Kostas , Pavlova Sarka , Al‐Sawaf Othman , Chatzikonstantinou Thomas , Karamanidou Christina , Gaidano Gianluca , Cymbalista Florence , Kater Arnon P. , Rawstron Andy , Scarfò Lydia , Ghia Paolo , Rosenquist Richard
Published: July 2024

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibit diverse clinical outcomes. An expanding array of genetic tests is now employed to facilitate the identification of patients with high‐risk disease and inform treatment decisions. These tests encompass molecular cytogenetic analysis, focusing on recurrent chromosomal alterations, particularly del(17p). Additionally, sequencing is utilized to identify TP53 mutations and to determine the somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable gene. Concurrently, a swift advancement of targeted treatment has led to the implementation of novel strategies for patients with CLL, including kinase and BCL2 inhibitors. This review explores both current and emerging diagnostic tests aimed at identifying high‐risk patients who should benefit from targeted therapies. We outline existing treatment paradigms, emphasizing the importance of matching the right treatment to the right patient beyond genetic stratification, considering the crucial balance between safety and efficacy. We also take into consideration the practical and logistical issues when choosing a management strategy for each individual patient. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance and stress the relevance of monitoring measurable residual disease to guide treatment decisions. Finally, we underscore the necessity of aggregating real‐world data, adopting a global perspective, and ensuring patient engagement. Taken together, we argue that precision medicine is not the mere application of precision diagnostics and accessibility of precision therapies in CLL but encompasses various aspects of the patient journey (e.g., lifestyle exposures and comorbidities) and their preferences toward achieving true personalized medicine for patients with CLL.
Crystal clear: How leaders and coworkers together shape role clarity and well‐being for employees in social care
Authors: Zettna Nate , Yam Cheryl , Kunzelmann Arian , Forner Vivien W. , Dey Shanta , Askovic Mina , Johnson Anya , Nguyen Helena , Jolly Anupama , Parker Sharon K.
Published: July 2024

Working in social care is fraught with challenges fueled by changing policies, funding structures, societal expectations, and high relational demands, leaving employees in this sector particularly vulnerable to poor well‐being. In this study, we focus on the importance of a supportive work context—specifically coworker instrumental support and leaders' role clarity—in enabling employee role clarity, and how this can foster better mental health and reduce fatigue from ongoing changes in the sector. We ran a multilevel moderated mediation model on a sample of 270 social care employees matched with 47 leaders across two disability care organizations in Australia. Results showed that coworker instrumental support promotes role clarity, which in turn is associated with lower psychological distress and change fatigue, and higher job satisfaction. The positive relationship between coworker instrumental support and role clarity, and the subsequent relationships with well‐being, were stronger when employees had leaders who themselves had role clarity. Our findings highlight the importance of a supportive work context and role clarity as malleable levers in enabling a sustainable social care workforce and provide new theoretical and practical insights for human resource management in the social care sector.
Routine maneuvers in eutocic breech vaginal delivery at term: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Touleimat Salma , Braund Sophia , Delorme Pierre , Diguet Alain , Goffinet François , Hennebert Cécile , Verspyck Eric ,   for the PREMODA study group
Published: July 2024

Objective

To study neonatal and maternal outcomes associated with routine maneuvers in breech vaginal delivery at term.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of the multicenter PREMODA observational prospective study in France and Belgium. We included women with vaginal breech delivery, excluding those who underwent maneuvers to resolve a dystocic delivery. Maternal data and characteristics of labor, in addition to neonatal and maternal outcomes, were recorded. We defined two groups according to mode of delivery; breech vaginal delivery with or without routine maneuvers, and we compared the variables between the groups. To assess the factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, a multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for confounders was performed.

Results

Of the 2502 women with planned vaginal deliveries, 1794 were delivered vaginally, 606 of whom were excluded from the study due to maneuvers performed for dystocia. A total of 25 other patients were excluded as a result of missing data. A total of 537 women were included in the routine maneuvers group and 626 women in the no maneuvers group. Adverse perinatal outcome was similar for the two groups (4.5% vs 5.0%, P = 0.65) and no neonatal deaths were reported. Third degree perineal tear and postpartum hemorrhage >1 L rates were comparable for the two groups. After adjustment, the factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes were primiparity and birth weight <2500 g.

Conclusion

Routine maneuvers were not associated with an increase in neonatal morbidity in our population.
Incorporation of immunotherapy and biological targeted therapy in primary anti‐cancer treatment in gynecologic malignancy
Authors: Lee Matthew W. , Pino Christian , Vallejo Andrew , Wright Jason D. , Matsuo Koji
Published: July 2024

Synopsis

Immunotherapy and/or biological targeted therapy is increasingly being incorporated into initial anti‐cancer treatment regimens for gynecologic malignancy from 2013‐2020 in the USA.
Medical termination of pregnancy with digoxin in a patient affected by severe congenital toxoplasmosis
Authors: Simón‐Cid Verónica , López‐Ramón y Cajal Carlos N. , González‐Boubeta Roberto , Couceiro‐Naveira Emilio
Published: July 2024

Synopsis

Intrafetal digoxin is a safer and effective alternative to perform medical termination of pregnancy over intracardiac potassium chloride in cases of massive placental inflammation, such as congenital infections.
Sub‐nano cluster decoration for the manipulation of the photogenerated carrier behavior of MoS2
Authors: Duan Ran , Qi Weihong , Tang Kewei , Liu Weimin
Published: July 2024

For most applications based on the photoelectric effect, uncontrollable photogenerated carrier behavior, such as trapping and recombination, is a common issue that reduces the carrier utilization efficiency. Herein, a sub‐nano cluster (Pd, Ru, and PdRu alloy) decoration strategy is proposed to manipulate the photogenerated carrier behavior in MoS2 to optimize the optoelectronic properties. After decoration, electrons can flow into sub‐nano cluster through PdS bonds and then return to MoS2 through RuS bonds at the sub‐nano cluster/MoS2 interface when holes are left in the channel for collection to achieve efficient carrier separation. In addition, the formation of metalS bonds also leads to the generation of mid‐gap states, which enables light absorption over a wide wavelength range. Therefore, the photodetector based on PdRu/MoS2 shows broadband photodetection ability from 532 to 1550 nm with high responsivity/external quantum efficiency of 310.8 A W−1/7 × 104% (532 nm), 4.2 A W−1/527% (980 nm), and 7.14 mA W−1/0.5% (1550 nm), as well as a fast response speed (rise/decay time of 11.5/12.0 ms). Our work offers new insight into manipulating the photogenerated carrier behavior to optimize the performance of semiconducting 2D materials for practical optoelectronic applications.

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