bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maltol‐Derived Ruthenium–Cymene Complexes with Tumor Inhibiting Properties: The Impact of Ligand–Metal Bond Stability on Anticancer Activity In Vitro
Authors: Kandioller Wolfgang , Hartinger Christian G. , Nazarov Alexey A. , Bartel Caroline , Skocic Matthias , Jakupec Michael A. , Arion Vladimir B. , Keppler Bernhard K.
Published: October 2009

Organometallic ruthenium–arene compounds bearing a maltol ligand have been shown to be nearly inactive in in vitro anticancer assays, presumably due to the formation of dimeric RuII species in aqueous solutions. In an attempt to stabilize such complexes, [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)(XY)Cl] (XY=pyrones or thiopyrones) complexes with different substitution pattern of the (thio)pyrone ligands have been synthesized, their structures characterized spectroscopically, and their aquation behavior investigated as well as their tumor‐inhibiting potency. The aquation behavior of pyrone systems with electron‐donating substituents and of thiopyrone complexes was found to be significantly different from that of the maltol‐type complex reported previously. However, the formation of the dimer can be excluded as the primary reason for the inactivity of the complex because some of the stable compounds are not active in cancer cell lines either. In contrast, studies of their reactivity towards amino acids demonstrate different reactivities of the pyrone and thiopyrone complexes, and the higher stability of the latter probably renders them active against human tumor cells.
Modellbasierte Übertragung von satzweisem‐ auf kontinuierlichen Betrieb am Beispiel einer radikalischen Copolymerisation
Authors: Kröner T. , Lieske A. , Hahn M. , Bartke M.
Published: October 2009

Die radikalische Copolymerisation von Diallyldimethylammoniumchlorid (DADMAC) und Acrylamid (AAM) ist durch sehr unterschiedliche Wachstumsgeschwindigkeiten der beiden Monomere gekennzeichnet. Daher erfolgte die Übertragung der Copolymerisation von Diallyldimethylammoniumchlorid und Acrylamid in Lösung von satzweisen auf kontinuierlichen Betrieb, mit der Zielsetzung, einheitliche Copolymere zu erhalten.
Depressive Symptoms and Risk Factors in Chinese Patients with Premature Ventricular Contractions without Structural Heart Disease
Authors: Liang Jin‐jun , Huang Cong‐xin , Yang Bo , Huang He , Wan Jun , Tang Yan‐hong , Zhao Qin‐yan
Published: October 2009

Hypothesis

Our objective was to study depressive symptoms and potential risk factors in Chinese persons with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) without structural heart disease.

Methods

The Zung self‐rating depression scale (ZSDS) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Correlations between depressive symptoms and sociodemographic and medical factors were analyzed by logistic regression.

Background

Prevalence of depressive symptoms in coronary heart disease (CHD) is higher that in the general population and those for the majority of other chronic symptoms in patients with premature ventricular contractions (PUCS).

Results

Of 1,144 patients with PVCs (488 males, 656 females), age 51 ± 23 years, disease duration 1 mo − 23 y, a total of 309 (27%) patients were categorized as having depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms increased with age, income, education level, nationality, PVC count/24h, society support, and settlement type (p < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression showed that being female, level of education, age, settlement type, and PVC count/24h significantly correlated with depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that 5 variables—female sex, education level, settlement type, age, and PVC count/24h significantly and independently related with depressive symptoms (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

In the Chinese population, depressive symptoms in subjects with PVCs were frequent. The village settlement type, female sex, age, PVC count/24h, and education level were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms. Further research on the relationship between PVCs and depressive symptoms in China is necessary. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ventilation‐Perfusion Mismatch Resulting From Iatrogenic Pulmonary Vein Stenosis After Radiofrequency Ablation: A Case Report
Authors: Wong Ka Kit , Gruenewald Simon M. , Larcos George
Published: October 2009

A lobar ventilation‐perfusion mismatch is reported in a patient with right superior pulmonary vein stenosis, developing after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. Radionuclide lung perfusion tomography was performed to assist with clinical management. Serial planar lung scintigraphy demonstrated no improvement in the perfusion abnormality despite interventional stenting. Iatrogenic pulmonary vein stenosis may potentially mimic pulmonary embolic disease. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of Transition to Chronic Atrial Fibrillation in Elderly Patients with Nonvalvular Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation by Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography
Authors: Sakabe Koichi , Fukuda Nobuo , Fukuda Yamato , Morishita Satofumi , Shinohara Hisanori , Tamura Yoshiyuki
Published: October 2009

Background

It is well known that paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) often precedes the development of chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF).

Hypothesis

The purpose of this study was to determine prospectively whether transthoracic echocardiography is useful for the prediction of the transition to CAF in elderly patients with nonvalvular PAF.

Methods

Forty‐two consecutive elderly patients (≥65 years) with nonvalvular PAF were prospectively evaluated after undergoing transthoracic echocardiography. The study endpoint was the transition to CAF (AF; ≥ 6 mo).

Results

During a follow‐up period of 32 ± 24 mo, 12 patients developed CAF. Patients with CAF had a significantly lower peak A velocity (A) and a higher E/A ratio of the transmitral inflow (TMF) such as a pseudonormalization pattern, and a lower peak atrial reversal wave velocity, higher peak diastolic wave velocity (D), and lower peak systolic/diastolic wave velocity ratio (S/D ratio) of the pulmonary venous flow (PVF). Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that the transition to CAF was observed more often when A was ≤ 70 cm/sec and E/A ratio was ≥ 1.07 of TMF, and D was ≥ 44 cm/sec and the S/D ratio was ≤ 1.34 of PVF. All patients developed CAF when the E/A ratio was ≥ 1.15 or the S/D ratio was ≤ 0.75.

Conclusions

This prospective study suggests that elderly patients at high risk for transition to CAF have a pseudonormalization pattern of TMF and a diastolic dominant pattern of PVF, and that transthoracic Doppler estimation of TMF and PVF may be useful in identifying elderly patients at high risk for the transition from nonvalvular PAF to CAF. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual‐Function Multilayers for the Photodelivery of Nitric Oxide and Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Giancane Gabriele , Valli Ludovico , Sortino Salvatore
Published: October 2009

In this contribution we report the design, preparation and characterization of bichromophoric Langmuir–Schäfer multilayer films which enable the simultaneous generation of nitric oxide (NO) and singlet oxygen 1O2 (1Δg). They are achieved by exploiting effective interfacial electrostatic interactions between the floating film of a cationic amphiphilic nitric oxide (NO) photodonor and an anionic porphyrin dissolved in the water subphase. The morphology and the spectroscopic features of the floating films at the water–air interface are inspected by Brewster angle microscopy and UV/Vis reflection spectroscopy, respectively. Multilayer films containing both the chromogenic centres are obtained by horizontal lifting deposition onto hydrophobized quartz substrates and are characterized by steady‐state UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and laser flash photolysis. The anionic porphyrin units are entangled into the films network mainly in their monomeric forms and no significant intra and inter‐chromophoric interaction occur in the excited state, preserving the photochemical independency of the two photoactive units in the multilayers. The capability of the bichromophoric films to delivery NO and singlet oxygen, 1O2 (1Δg), under light excitation is unambiguously demonstrated by the direct and in real time monitoring of these transient species using an ultrasensitive electrode and a time‐resolved infrared luminescence apparatus, respectively.
Disordered eating in adulthood is associated with reported weight loss attempts in childhood
Authors: Rubinstein Tamar B. , McGinn Aileen P. , Wildman Rachel P. , Wylie‐Rosett Judith
Published: October 2009

Objective:

To determine whether history of attempted weight loss in childhood (age ≤12 years) is associated with binge eating disorder (BED) and unhealthy weight loss behaviors in adults.

Method:

Cross‐sectional analysis from baseline visit data of 588 participants of a clinical trial. Data were collected from survey answers on health status, nutritional status, weight loss history, and weight loss behaviors.

Results:

History of childhood weight loss attempts was associated with high odds of BED in adults (odds ratio [OR] 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8–6.3) and high odds of unhealthy weight loss behaviors (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2, 2.6). A linear trend was observed in which young age at first attempted weight loss was associated with increased odds of both BED and unhealthy weight loss behaviors.

Discussion:

Weight loss attempts in childhood may be a risk factor for the development of unhealthy eating behaviors and BED in adults. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010;)
A comparison of stigma toward eating disorders versus depression
Authors: Roehrig James P. , McLean Carmen P.
Published: October 2009

Objective:

The goal of this study was to compare the degree of stigma associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and depression.

Method:

Participants read one of three vignettes describing clinical cases of AN, BN, or depression, and answered questions assessing stigma toward individuals with one of these three mental disorders.

Results:

Attitudes toward individuals with eating disorders were significantly more stigmatizing than attitudes toward individuals with depression. Individuals with an eating disorder were rated as more fragile, more responsible for their disorder, and more likely to use their disorder to gain attention than individuals with depression. Furthermore, the majority of participants reported that they admired certain aspects of eating disorders, thought that there might be some benefits to having an eating disorder, and that others would be motivated to imitate eating disorder behavior.

Discussion:

Stigma toward individuals with eating disorders is greater than stigma toward depression and includes unique features such as attitudes of envy. Implications of these results for the understanding of mental disorder stigma and eating disorders are discussed. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010;)
Body dissatisfaction moderates weight curves in the inpatient treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Vansteelandt Kristof , Pieters Guido , Vanderlinden Johan , Probst Michel
Published: October 2009

Objective

To examine whether drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and restrictive/binge eating‐purging subtype at admission moderates the weight curves of patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) over the course of inpatient treatment.

Method

The nature of weight curves, individual differences herein and moderating factors are examined in 92 AN patients by means of multilevel modeling.

Results

The average weight curve of AN patients is characterized by a linear weight increase during treatment that levels off near the end of treatment. Substantial individual differences exist in the shape of patients' weight curves. Patients with stronger body dissatisfaction at admission display a slower linear rate of weight gain over the course of treatment. Neither drive for thinness nor restrictive/binge eating‐purging subtype predicted patients' weight curve over the course of treatment.

Discussion

Body dissatisfaction moderates patients' weight curves over the course of inpatient treatment but more research on factors determining weight curves is needed. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:694–700
Increased QT variability in patients with anorexia nervosa—An indicator for increased cardiac mortality?
Authors: Koschke Mandy , Boettger Michael K. , Macholdt Claudia , Schulz Steffen , Yeragani Vikram K. , Voss Andreas , Bär Karl‐Jürgen
Published: October 2009

Objective

Increased mortality in anorexia nervosa is associated with autonomic dysfunction and prolongation of the QT interval. In this study, we examined the relative importance of repolarization abnormalities and vagal modulation of heart rate. In particular, we hypothesized that patients with anorexia nervosa show increased QT interval variability, particularly since this measure has been shown to correlate with serious cardiac arrhythmias.

Method

We assessed linear and nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) parameters as well as measures of QT variability in 20 female patients with anorexia nervosa and 20 controls. In patients, parameters were correlated with serum electrolytes.

Results

QT variability was significantly increased in the patient group and correlated negatively with serum potassium concentrations. HRV measures showed a shift of autonomic balance towards vagal predominance.

Discussion

The increase in QT variability might at least in part account for the higher risk of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with anorexia nervosa. Once validated in a prospective study design, parameters of QT variability might serve as surrogate markers for arrhythmia risk stratification in anorexia nervosa. Supplementation with potassium might normalize QT variability abnormalities. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:743–750
Stabilization and Activation: New Alkyl Complexes of Zinc, Magnesium and Cationic Aluminium Featuring Chelating Bisguanidine Ligands
Authors: Reinmuth Matthias , Wild Ute , Rudolf Daniel , Kaifer Elisabeth , Enders Markus , Wadepohl Hubert , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: October 2009

In this work we report on the synthesis of new zinc, magnesium and cationic aluminium alkyl as well as Mg aryl complexes featuring chelating bisguanidine ligands [2,8‐bis(tetramethylguanidino)naphthalene (btmgn) and 1,2‐bis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene (btmgb)]. The bond properties in the complexes are analyzed with a combination of experiments and quantum chemical calculations. VT NMR studies shed light on the fluxional processes within the complexes and their activation barriers. The compounds are stable against alkylation of the C=N imine bonds of the guanidino groups and might represent interesting alkyl transfer reagents and (co‐)catalysts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Divalent and Multivalent Activation in Phosphate Triesters: A Versatile Method for the Synthesis of Advanced Polyol Synthons
Authors: Thomas Christopher D. , McParland James P. , Hanson Paul R.
Published: October 2009

The construction of mono‐ and bicyclic phosphate triesters possessing divalent and multivalent activation and their subsequent use in the production of advanced polyol synthons is presented. The method highlights efforts to employ phosphate tethers as removable, functionally active tethers capable of multipositional activation and their subsequent role as leaving groups in selective cleavage reactions. The development of phosphate tethers represents an integrated platform for a new and versatile tether for natural product synthesis and sheds light on new approaches to the facile construction of small molecules.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis and Substitution of 8‐(4,6‐Dichloropyrimidin‐5‐yl)‐BODIPY
Authors: Leen Volker , Schevenels Florian , Cui Jie , Xu Chan , Yang Wensheng , Tang Xiaoliang , Liu Weisheng , Qin Wenwu , De Borggraeve Wim M. , Boens Noël , Dehaen Wim
Published: October 2009

meso‐Dichloropyrimidyl‐BODIPY dyes are readily substituted by nucleophiles or through palladium‐catalysed coupling reactions, while retaining excellent quantum yields of fluorescence. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Wittig‐Type Olefination of Alcohols Promoted by Nickel Nanoparticles: Synthesis of Polymethoxylated and Polyhydroxylated Stilbenes
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Riente Paola , Yus Miguel
Published: October 2009

Nickel nanoparticles were found to promote the Wittig‐type olefination of primary alcohols with phosphorus ylides. The latter can be prepared from the corresponding phosphonium salts with nBuLi or in situ generated with lithium metal. The methodology is especially efficient for the synthesis of stilbenes and is applied in the absence of any additive as ahydrogen acceptor. A new approach to the synthesis of polymethoxylated and polyhydroxylated stilbenes, including resveratrol, DMU‐212 and analogues, is presented.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Lactate Biosensor Based on Hydrotalcite‐Like Compounds: Performances and Application to Serum Samples
Authors: Carpani Irene , Guadagnini Lorella , Tonelli Domenica
Published: October 2009

A lactate biosensor based on lactate oxidase supported onto a hydrotalcite, electrochemically deposited on a platinum surface, was developed for the first time. For the best electrode configuration, a linear response up to 0.8 mM, with a limit of detection of 14 μM and a sensitivity of 91 mA M−1 cm−2, was obtained. The influence of some interferents due to the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (at +0.35 V vs. SCE) was also studied. By controlling carefully the experimental conditions, the determination of lactate in a commercial serum sample in the presence of interferents was successfully accomplished.
Development of an Analytical Methodology for Quantification of Strong Acid in Diesel Oil
Authors: de Souza Flávia C. , da Rocha Janaina C. , Vieira Eduardo , Machado Sergio A. S. , D'Elia Eliane
Published: October 2009

Many factors can affect the quality of diesel oil, in particular the degradation processes that are directly related to some organosulfur compounds. During the degradation process, these compounds are oxidized into their corresponding sulfonic acids, generating a strong acid content during the process. p‐Toluene sulfonic acid analysis was performed using the linear sweep voltammetry technique with a platinum ultramicroelectrode in aqueous solution containing 3 mol L−1 potassium chloride. An extraction step was introduced prior to the voltammetric detection in order to avoid the adsorption of organic molecules, which inhibit the electrochemical response. The extraction step promoted the transference of sulfonic acid from the diesel oil to an aqueous phase. The method was accurate and reproducible, with detection and quantification limits of 5 ppm and 15 ppm, respectively. Recovery of sulfonic acid was around 90%.
Electrochemical Characterization and Quantification of the Strong Antioxidant and Antitumor Agent Pomiferin
Authors: Ginja Teixeira Jorge , Barrocas Dias Cristina , Martins Teixeira Dora
Published: October 2009

The electrochemical behavior of pomiferin, a natural isoflavone with significant antioxidant, antidiabetic and antitumor properties, is reported here for the first time at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In order to understand the redox processes of this compound, its response was compared with the nonantioxidant isoflavone osajin. Based on cyclic and square‐wave voltammetric methods it was observed that pomiferin presents a quasireversible anodic peak, which was attributed to the oxidation of the catechol group, and that is strongly influenced by pH. This anodic process yields a well‐defined DPV response, which can be used for the analytical determination of this potential pharmotherapeutic isoflavone.
Comparative Analysis of Proline Enantiomer in Chiral Recognition of Biological Macromolecule in Immunoassay
Authors: Chen Min , Fu Yingzi , Cui Xin , Wang Lilan , Li Miaosi
Published: October 2009

An interesting phenomenon of the stereoselective interaction between biological macromolecule and amino acid enantiomorphous was described. Firstly, proline enantiomer (L‐ and D‐proline) was assembled on the glassy carbon electrode surface. Then carcinoembryonic antibody (anti‐CEA) was loaded to the enantiomer surface, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to monitor the growth of amino acid film. The assembly process was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to image the chiral films. Finally, the developed electrodes had interacted with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in varying concentration solutions. The AFM and amperometric results revealed that the proline enantioner had the chiral recognition function to antibody.
Functionalization of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Cubic Prussian Blue and Its Application for Amperometric Sensing
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Lili , Zhang Na , Wang Guangfeng , Fang Bin
Published: October 2009

In this work, we synthesized electroactive cubic Prussian blue (PB) modified single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) nanocomposites using the mixture solution of ferric‐(III) chloride and potassium ferricyanide under ambient conditions. The successful fabrication of the PB‐SWNTs nanocomposites was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). PB nanocrystallites are observed to be finely attached on the SWNTs sidewalls in which the SWNTs not only act as a carrier of PB nanocrystallites but also as Fe(III)‐reducer. The electrochemical properties of PB‐SWNTs nanocomposites were also investigated. Using the electrodeposition technique, a thin film of PB‐SWNTs/chitosan nanocomposites was prepared onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the construction of a H2O2 sensor. PB‐SWNTs/chitosan nanocomposites film shows enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2O2 and the amperometric responses show a linear dependence on the concentration of H2O2 in a range of 0.5–27.5 mM and a low detection limit of 10 nM at the signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The time required to reach the 95% steady state response was less than 2 s. CV studies demonstrate that the modified electrode has outstanding stability. In addition, a glucose biosensor is further developed through the simple one‐step electrodeposition method. The observed wide concentration range, high stability and high reproducibility of the PB‐SWNTs/chitosan nanocomposites film make them promising for the reliable and durable detection of H2O2 and glucose.
Performance evaluation of radio disjoint multipath routing
Authors: Kuladinithi K. , An C. , Timm‐Giel A. , Görg C.
Published: October 2009

Multipath routes in wireless multihopad hocnetworks have proven to increase performance compared to single path routing when providing backup paths in case of path failures and also distributing flows (i.e. data traffic) among several paths. The drawback of using multipath simultaneously in wireless multihopad hocnetworks is that the other nodes in the network located in the other active paths may interfere with their own communications, degrading the effective throughput.

This work proposes an analytical model to find multiple non‐interfering routes or routes with minimum interference between a source and a destination in a given network topology. These types of routing paths are called Radio Disjoint Multipath (RDM) routes. Compared to the previous work, this work pioneers the use of models to determine interference free routes in a wireless multihopad hocnetwork considering two criteria: the mutual interference of each path and the background traffic load of the path. Further, simulation results are taken by implementing RDM routes in 802.11 based multihopad hocnetworks. Both analytical and simulation results are obtained and analysed for different network scenarios that use RDM routes by distributing packets of a single flow among multiple RDM paths. Analytical results show that the sustainable throughput can be doubled when using RDM paths for unidirectional flows. Simulation results also show that throughput can be improved with RDM routes by a factor of 1.5 and 1.8 in some cases, when using uni‐and bidirectional UDP flows, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential benefit of flow‐based routing in multihomed environments
Authors: Manilici Vlad , Wundsam Andreas , Feldmann Anja , Vidales Pablo
Published: October 2009

The data rates provisioned by broadband Internet access connections continue to fall short of the requirements posed by emerging applications. However, the potential of statistical multiplexing of the last mile broadband connections remains unexploited even as the average utilisation of these connections remains low. Despite recent work in this area, two key questions remain unanswered: (a) what is the attainable benefit of broadband access sharing? and (b) how much of this benefit is realisable given real‐world constraints? In this work we quantify the attainable benefit of a multihomed broadband access environment by proposing and evaluating several flow‐based access sharing policies using a custom flow‐based simulator. We then analyse how much of the performance benefit is lost due to real‐world constraints by migrating from simulations to a test‐lab environment employing a wireless network. Our results show that in today's broadband Internet access scenarios, a significant reduction in download times (up to a factor of 3) is achievable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis in the stomach: Identification of Helicobacter‐pylori infection and intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Teh Seng Khoon , Zheng Wei , Ho Khek Yu , Teh Ming , Yeoh Khay Guan , Huang Zhiwei
Published: October 2009

Raman spectroscopy is a unique vibrational spectroscopic technique which can be used to probe biochemicals and biomolecular structures and conformations of tissues. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of applying near‐infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy for identification of nonneoplastic lesions (Helicobacter‐pylori (Hp) infection, and intestinal metaplasia (IM)) highly associated with stomach cancer. A rapid‐acquisition NIR Raman spectroscopic system was used for tissue Raman measurements at 785 nm excitation, and a total of 88 gastric tissue samples (57 normal; 11 Hp‐infection; 20 IM) from 56 patients were measured. The principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) techniques were implemented to develop effective diagnostic algorithms for classification of Raman spectra of different gastric tissue types. High‐quality Raman spectra in the range of 800‐1800 cm−1 were acquired from gastric tissue within 5 seconds. Significant spectral differences in Raman spectra were observed among normal, Hp‐infection and IM gastric tissue, particularly in the spectral ranges of 848–917, 960–1015, 1088–1133, 1206–1213, 1277–1313, 1395–1445, 1517–1549, 1607–1690, and 1714–1767 cm−1 which contained signals related to proteins, lipids and porphyrin. PCA‐LDA algorithms developed together with leave one patient out, cross validation technique yield diagnostic sensitivities of 91.7%, 80.0%, and 80.0%, and specificities of 80.0%, 100%, and 92.7%, respectively, for classification of normal, Hp‐infection and IM gastric tissues. This work demonstrates the utility of NIR Raman spectroscopy for early diagnosis of Hp‐infection and IM lesions in the gastric at the molecular level.
Alcohol drinking and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta‐analysis of the dose‐risk relation
Authors: Tramacere Irene , Scotti Lorenza , Jenab Mazda , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Bellocco Rino , Rota Matteo , Corrao Giovanni , Bravi Francesca , Boffetta Paolo , La Vecchia Carlo
Published: October 2009

In order to provide a more precise quantification of the association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer risk, we performed a meta‐analysis of relevant dose‐risk results. We conducted a PubMed search of all case‐control (N=21) and cohort (N=11) studies published up to March 2009. We computed summary relative risk (RR) estimates using either fixed‐ or, in the presence of heterogeneity, random‐effects models. The pooled RR was 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 0.86–0.97) for <3 drinks/day and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.12–1.34) for ≥3 drinks/day. The increased risk for heavy drinking was similar in women and men, but apparently stronger in cohort studies (RR=1.29), in studies with high quality index (RR=1.30), and did not appear to be explained by residual confounding by either history of pancreatitis or tobacco smoking. This meta‐analysis provides strong evidence for the absence of a role of moderate drinking in pancreatic carcinogenesis, coupled to an increased risk for heavy alcohol drinking. Given the moderate increase in risk and the low prevalence of heavy drinkers in most populations, alcohol appears to be responsible only for a small fraction of all pancreatic cancers.
Second operation is not related to psychological outcome in breast cancer patients
Authors: Den Oudsten Brenda L. , Van Heck Guus L. , Van der Steeg Alida F.W. , Roukema Jan A. , De Vries Jolanda
Published: October 2009

To examine the effect of multiple surgical treatments on psychological outcomes in women with early stage breast cancer (BC) in a prospective follow‐up study. Questionnaires for depressive symptoms (CES‐D), fatigue (FAS), anxiety (STAI‐State), physical health (WHOQOL‐100), psychological health (WHOQOL‐100) and overall quality of life and general health (WHOQOL‐100) were completed before diagnosis (Time‐1) and 1 (Time‐2), 3 (Time‐3), 6 (Time‐4) and 12 (Time‐5) months after the last surgical treatment. From the 217 participating women with early stage BC, 78 (35.9%) needed an additional surgical treatment. Using general linear model (repeated measures), psychosocial outcomes over time were investigated for the breast conserving therapy and mastectomy group, accounting for type of surgery, disease stage and hormonal therapy. Psychological outcomes did not significantly change over time, with the exception of anxiety [Wilks' Lambda = 0.72, F (4,86) = 8.55, p < 0.0001, partial eta squared = 0.29]. On average, women with 1 and women with 2 surgical treatments did not differ on any outcome measure. No interaction effects were found, indicating that changes in outcomes over time were the same for both groups. Women who had a repeat surgical treatment did not score differently on psychological outcome measures compared with women who were treated “efficiently.”
Long term presence of a single predominant tyrosinase‐specific T‐cell clone associated with disease control in a patient with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Ochsenreither Sebastian , Fusi Alberto , Busse Antonia , Letsch Anne , Haase Doreen , Thiel Eckhard , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Keilholz Ulrich
Published: October 2009

In an earlier study, we described a patient who developed an anti‐tyrosinase T‐cell response leading to long‐term tumor control. Here we analyzed this response with regard to T‐cell receptor (TCR) Vβ family usage and clonality in order to further elucidate the nature of the T cell response in this patient. For identification of expanded specific cytotoxic T‐cell (CTL) clones, tetramer enrichment of tyrosinase reactive T‐cells was followed by comparative quantitative reverse transcribed PCR (qRT PCR) quantification of all TCR Vβ‐families and sequencing of family Vβ4 elevated in the enriched fraction. The predominant specific clone was quantified by clonotypic qRT PCR in multiple samples from blood, bone marrow, and tumor tissue. FACS analyses with staining of TYR.A2 and TCR Vβ4 were performed. Epitope specific enrichment revealed an isolated increase of Vβ−family 4. FACS analysis showed a shift of specific CTLs to Vβ‐family 4 during tumor regression with a maximum of 80% of all TYR.A2 specific cells belonging to this family. Sequencing revealed a single predominant clone against polyclonal background coding for identical CDR3 loops. The predominant clone was highly expressed in bone marrow and tumor tissue, and was detectable in blood over a period of ten years. Considering the results of previous studies showing a specific effector phenotype in blood and a specific memory compartment in bone marrow of this patient, this data implicate the predominant clone featured all attributes of a sufficient CTL response including homing capacity and memory formation resulting in long term clonal persistence and tumor control.
Prevention of cigarette smoke–induced lung tumors in mice by budesonide, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and N‐acetylcysteine
Authors: Balansky Roumen , Ganchev Gancho , Iltcheva Marietta , Steele Vernon E. , De Flora Silvio
Published: October 2009

Lung cancer is the most important cause of death among neoplastic diseases worldwide, and cigarette smoke (CS) is the major risk factor for cancer. Complementarily to avoidance of exposure to CS, chemoprevention will lower the risk of cancer in passive smokers, ex‐smokers, and addicted current smokers who fail to quit smoking. Unfortunately, chemoprevention clinical trials have produced disappointing results to date and, until recently, a suitable animal model evaluating CS carcinogenicity was not available. We previously demonstrated that mainstream CS induces a potent carcinogenic response when exposure of mice starts at birth. In the present study, neonatal mice (strain H) were exposed to CS for 120 consecutive days, starting at birth. The chemopreventive agents budesonide (2.4 mg/kg diet), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC, 1,000 mg/kg diet), and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC, 1,000 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally according to various protocols. The experiment was stopped after 210 days. Exposure to CS resulted in a high incidence and multiplicity of benign lung tumors and in significant increases of malignant lung tumors and other histopathological alterations. All three chemopreventive agents, administered to current smokers after weaning, were quite effective in protecting both male and female mice from CS pulmonary carcinogenicity. When given to ex‐smokers after withdrawal of exposure to CS, the protective capacity of budesonide was unchanged, while PEITC lost part of its cancer chemopreventive activity. In conclusion, the proposed experimental model provides convincing evidence that it is possible to prevent CS‐induced lung cancer by means of dietary and pharmacological agents.
Induction of human papillomavirus oncogene‐specific CD8 T‐cell effector responses in the genital mucosa of vaccinated mice
Authors: Decrausaz Loane , Revaz Véronique , Bobst Martine , Corthésy Blaise , Romero Pedro , Nardelli‐Haefliger Denise
Published: October 2009

Cervical cancer, the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide, results from infection with a subset of human papillomaviruses (HPV), HPV‐16 being the most prevalent type. The available prophylactic vaccines are an effective strategy to prevent this cancer in the long term. However, they only target 70–80% of all cervical cancers and cannot control existing HPV infections and associated lesions. Therapeutic vaccines are thus necessary for women who cannot benefit from prophylactic vaccination. Induction of protective immune responses in the genital mucosa (GM) may be crucial for efficacy of HPV therapeutic vaccines. We report here that mice that received a single subcutaneous (s.c.) vaccination of an adjuvanted long synthetic HPV16 E71–98 polypeptide showed induction of 100% tumor protection against s.c. TC‐1 tumors and that tumor regression was mainly provided by CD8 T cells. In vivo cytotoxic assay revealed high E7‐specific cytolytic T lymphocytes activity in spleen and in genital draining lymph nodes (LN), and E7‐specific CD8 T cells could be detected in GM by tetramer staining. More importantly, high‐avidity E7‐specific INF‐γ secreting CD8 T cells were induced not only in blood, spleen and LN but also in GM of vaccinated mice, thus providing evidence that a parenteral vaccination may be sufficient to provide regression of genital tumors. In addition, there was no correlation between the responses measured in blood with those measured in GM, highlighting the necessity and relevance to determine the immune responses in the mucosa where HPV‐tumors reside.
Alteration of adipokines during peripheral blood stem cell mobilization induced by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Tanaka Yoshinori , Yujiri Toshiaki , Tanaka Mayumi , Mitani Noriyuki , Tanimura Atsuko , Tanizawa Yukio
Published: October 2009

Adipokines, soluble mediators produced by adipocytes, have been shown to play a role in various physiological and pathological conditions. We investigated the involvement of adipokines in granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐induced mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in 21 healthy donors. We found that serum visfatin and resistin levels, but not leptin and adiponectin levels, were significantly elevated by G‐CSF treatment. G‐CSF treatment activated signaling proteins like extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and stimulated secretion of visfatin from 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. These findings suggest that some adipokines may play a role in G‐CSF‐induced mobilization of stem cells from the bone marrow into systemic circulation. J. Clin. Apheresis 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How the choice of a computational model could rule the chemical interpretation: The Ni(II) catalyzed ethylene dimerization as a case study
Authors: Tognetti Vincent , Le Floch Pascal , Adamo Carlo
Published: October 2009

In this article, we present a critical study of the theoretical protocol used for the determination of the nickel(II) catalyzed ethylene dimerization mechanism, considered as a representative example of the various problems related to the modeling a catalytic cycle. The choice of an appropriate computational procedure is indeed crucial for the validity of the conclusions that will be drawn from the computational process. The influence of the exchange‐correlation functional on energetic profiles and geometries, the role of the basis set describing the metal atom, as well as the importance of the chosen molecular model, have been thus examined in details. From the obtained results, some general conclusions and guidelines are presented, which could constitute useful warnings in modeling homogenous catalysis. Besides, the database constituted by our high‐level calculations can be used within benchmarking procedures to assess the performances of new computational methods based on density functional theory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Development of mixing time correlation for a double jet mixer
Authors: Manjula P , Kalaichelvi P , Dheenathayalan K
Published: October 2009

BACKGROUND: Jet mixing is one of the simplest methods to achieve mixing. There have been a number of experimental studies concerned with jet mixing; some of these studies report empirical correlations. The existing correlations are not useful where there are significant deviations from the idealized conditions. Most correlations reported in the literature deal with liquid flow with single or multiple jets, whereas the effect of radial angle on mixing time was not studied. This present study investigates the effect of operating parameters on experimental mixing time in a double jet mixer. Nozzle configuration for jet1 was fixed based on earlier studies (2/3rd position, nozzle angle 45° and nozzle diameter 10 mm). Mixing times were estimated for different jet2 configurations of jet angle (30°, 45° and 60°), radial angles (60°, 120°, 180°), jet diameter (5 mm and 3 mm) and located at different tank heights (2/3rd and 1/3rd from the bottom of the tank).

RESULTS: A mixing time correlation was developed in terms of all the parameters using dimensional analysis. The constants and powers of the parameters involved in the correlation developed were estimated using a least square method to calculate the straight line that best fitted the mixing time data obtained during the experiments. The effects of change in angle of inclination of jet2 (θ2), radial angle of jet2 with respect to jet1 (Φ2) and diameter of jet2 (d2) on mixing time were analyzed and compared with the experimental mixing time.

CONCLUSION: The correlation developed based on the dimensional analysis and least square method predicts the mixing time for a double jet mixing tank. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Production and structural analysis of triacylglycerols containing capric acid and conjugated linoleic acid isomers obtained by enzymatic acidolysis
Authors: Maurelli Silvia , Blasi Francesca , Cossignani Lina , Bosi Ancilla , Simonetti Maria Stella , Damiani Pietro
Published: October 2009

BACKGROUND: Structured lipids containing medium‐chain fatty acids have interesting applications as reduced‐calorie fats; moreover, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have shown interesting biological properties. The aim of this study was to synthesize triacylglycerols (TAGs) containing capric acid in the sn‐1‐ and sn‐3‐ positions and CLA isomers in the sn‐2‐ position, using different commercial available lipases.

RESULTS: The homogeneous CLA‐TAGs (Tri‐CLA) were chemically synthesized starting from glycerol and CLA isomers, 9‐cis,11‐trans and 10‐trans,12‐cis CLA. The acidolysis reactions of Tri‐CLA with capric acid were carried out at 55 °C for different times in hexane; after 96 h the acidolysis average yield was 65%. The best capric acid incorporation in total TAGs was obtained after 96 h with Lipozyme IM (56.6%). The results of structural analysis carried out on the obtained TAGs showed that both Novozyme 435 and anhydrous Lipozyme IM gave the best incorporation of capric acid in sn‐1(3)‐ positions (61.8%). However, anhydrous Lipozyme IM gave also the highest CLA percent content in sn‐2‐ position (73.2%).

CONCLUSION: Anhydrous Lipozyme IM appears to be the more effective enzyme in acidolysis reactions to obtain structured TAGs containing CLA isomers in the central position and capric acid at external positions. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Rate constants and conversion ratios for aqueous‐phase reactions of SO with CnF2n+1C(O)O−(n= 4–7) at 298 K
Authors: Kutsuna Shuzo , Koike Kazuhide , Hori Hisao
Published: October 2009

Kinetic data for aqueous‐phase reactions of sulfate anion radicals (SO) with perfluorocarboxylates (CnF2n+1C(O)O−) are needed to evaluate removal and transformation processes of CnF2n+1C(O)O−species in the environment, but rate constants for the reactions of SOwith CnF2n+1C(O)O−(kn) have been reported only for short‐chain CnF2n+1C(O)O−species (n= 1–3). Since CnF2n+1C(O)O−reacted with SOto form CmF2m+1C(O)O−(m<n), we determined relative rateskn−1/knfor the reactions of SOwith CnF2n+1C(O)O−(n= 4–7), along with conversion ratios for conversion of CnF2n+1C(O)O−into Cn−1F2n−1C(O)O−(αn) and into Cn−2F2n−3C(O)O−(βn) at 298 K. SOwas photolytically generated from S2Oby use of sunlamps (λ ≈ 310 nm). Even ifknandkn−1change with increasing ionic strength,kn−1/kncan be determined whenkn−1/knand αnremain almost constant during the reaction. The values ofkn/k1forn= 4–7 were nearly equal, and their average was 0.82 ± 0.04 (2σ). Conversion ratios of αnand βnwere mostly independent ofnforn= 4–7, and their averages were 0.77 ± 0.07 (2σ) and 0.13 ± 0.08, respectively. Branching ratios of reactions of a possible intermediate (CnF2n+1O•), reaction of CnF2n+1O•with H2O, and fission of the CC bond of CnF2n+1O•, seemed to determine αnand βn. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 735–747, 2009
A Sensor for Acid Concentration Based on Cellulose Paper Sheets Modified with Polyaniline Nanoparticles
Authors: Souza Fernando G. , Oliveira Geiza E. , Anzai Thiago , Richa Priscila , Cosme Tainá , Nele Márcio , Rodrigues Cezar H. M. , Soares Bluma G. , Pinto José Carlos
Published: October 2009

Sheets of cellulosic paper were modified with PAni nanoparticles through a chromatographic process. When exposed to acidic conditions, strips of the modified paper sheets are subject to RGB color changes that can be detected by a scanner (and similar devices used for image analyses). As a consequence, cellulosic paper sheets modified with PAni can be used for analyses of acid concentrations in liquid and gaseous streams. Aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid were used for modeling purposes and it was observed that color changes were most significant when the HCl content was between 0–500 ppm range. Materials were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, optical microscopy, AFM, and SAXS techniques, in order to reveal the main characteristics of the produced materials.

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Factors associated with response to calcineurin inhibitors in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Nagane Yuriko , Suzuki Shigeaki , Suzuki Norihiro , Utsugisawa Kimiaki
Published: October 2009

The objective was to assess which clinical factors of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) are associated with responsiveness to calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs, cyclosporine and tacrolimus). We retrospectively analyzed the 6‐month effects of CNIs in 62 MG patients. We excluded the influence of other immune treatments and determined factors associated with response to CNIs. The frequency of patients who achieved neither a ≥3‐point reduction in quantitative MG score nor a ≥25% reduction in daily dose of prednisolone (poor responders) reached 35.5% (22/62) and 64.5% (40/62), respectively, compared with patients who achieved at least one of these improvements (responders). Neither dose nor blood concentration of CNIs differed between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed time since onset of disease [odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, P = 0.005] and presence of thymoma (OR = 5.56, P = 0.05) as clinical factors that predict response to CNIs. As for MG‐related autoantibody status, an autoantibody against a voltage‐gated potassium channel, Kv1.4, was associated with response (OR = 9.01, P = 0.04) and showed a correlation with the presence of thymoma (P < 0.01). In MG, the early stages of disease and thymoma‐associated MG are responsive to treatment with CNIs. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Changes in self‐assessment of continence status between telephone survey and subsequent clinical visit
Authors: Thomas A. , Low L. Kane , Tumbarello J.A. , Miller J.M. , Fenner D.E. , DeLancey J.O.L.
Published: October 2009

Aims

To explore variance in reporting continence information obtained by telephone survey with face‐to‐face clinician interview in a clinical setting.

Methods

As part of a cross‐sectional, epidemiologic study of incontinence prevalence among Black and White women aged 35–64 years, randomly selected households were contacted from geographic areas of known racial composition. Of 2,814 women who completed a 20‐min, 137‐item telephone interview, 1,702 were invited for future components of the study. A subset of these women was recruited for a clinical evaluation that was conducted within a mean of 82 days (SD 38 days) following the interviews. Prior to urodynamics testing, a clinician interview was conducted inquiring about continence status. The criterion for incontinence for both the telephone interview and the clinician interview was constant: 12 or more episodes of incontinence per year. Women whose subjective reports of continence information differed between telephone and clinician interviews were designated as “switchers.”

Results

Of the 394 women (222 Black and 172 White) who completed the clinical portion, 24.6% (n = 97) were switchers. Switchers were four times more likely to change from continent to incontinent (80.4%, N = 78) than from incontinent to continent (19.4%, N = 19; P = 0.000) and nearly three times more likely to be Black (69%, N = 67) than White (31%, N = 30; P = 0.001). Telephone qualitative interviews were completed with 72 of the switchers. The primary reason for switching was changes in women's life circumstances such as variation in seasons, activities of daily living, and health status followed by increased awareness of leakage secondary to the phone interview.

Conclusion

One‐time subjective telephone interviews assessing incontinence symptoms may underestimate the prevalence of incontinence especially among Black women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:734–740, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.