bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Laser‐Based Microfabrication in Microfluidics: An Experimental and Computational Trial
Authors: Betti Alice , Ongaro Claudio , Zardin Barbara , Bertacchini Jessika , Tagliaferri Nadia , Siciliani Vincenzina , Orazi Leonardo , Borghi Massimo
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to validate a new prototyping method for microfluidic devices which could compete with the widely used polydimethylsiloxane soft lithography. This alternative methodology uses laser‐etched glass and pre‐cured silicone as main materials. A dual approach is chosen for validation, testing prototypes of a mixing device well known in the scientific literature. Specifically the focus is to evaluate the mixing efficiency (ME) of two fluids flowing through the device. After fine‐tuning the fabrication process, the ME is experimentally evaluated, and the results are compared with a 3D computational fluid dynamic analysis.
Icephobic Gradient Polymer Coatings Coupled with Electromechanical De‐icing Systems: A Promising Ice Repellent Hybrid System
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Gabriel , Gastaldo Giulia , Stendardo Luca , Rafik Younes , Pothin Jason , Budinger Marc , Antonini Carlo , Pommier‐Budinger Valérie , Coclite Anna Maria
Published: October 2024

Icephobic materials and systems are highly desired in regions and seasons where daily life activities are hindered by the presence of ice. The combination of icephobic materials with active de‐icing systems, known as hybrid systems, is a promising way to optimize efficiency in ice removal, while reducing power consumption. However, the development of hybrid systems is limited by their lifespan and the incompatibility of most icephobic materials with the operating mode of the active system. Here we present a hybrid system comprising a gradient polymer coating deposited with initiated chemical vapor deposition and a resonant piezoelectric de‐icing system. The de‐icing performance is evaluated in an icing wind tunnel, where the system is capable of detaching ice blocks in less than 1 s, regardless the ice type and covered area. An in‐depth ice detachment study confirms that ice adhesion reduction is an intrinsic property of the coating, independent from external factors. The nanometric nature of the coating enables efficient operation of the resonant de‐icing systems. The coating shows outstanding durability against the de‐icing cycles, abrasion, water erosion, and delamination. The results showcase the hybrid systems potential in real‐world applications to contrast icing.
Enhancing Electrochemical Performance through Li2Mn3ZnO8 Integration into Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanocomposites for Advanced Supercapacitors and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Raj Ritu , Iqbal Muzahir , Singh Gajendra Prasad , Haldar Krishna Kanta
Published: October 2024

In this study, we combined Li2Mn3ZnO8 with MXene (Ti3C2Tx) to improve performance in supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution reactions. MXenes are known for their electrical conductivity and high surface area, making them promising for energy storage. The Ti3C2Tx/Li2Mn3ZnO8 composite electrode showed a specific capacitance of 182 F g-1 at 1 A g-1, outperforming individual Li2Mn3ZnO8 and MXene electrodes. Even after 3,000 cycles, the composite retained 71% of its initial capacitance. This research introduces innovative electrode materials for next‐generation supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution applications, contributing to sustainable energy solutions.
Digital Mechanical Metamaterial with Programmable Functionality
Authors: Lin Wanqing , Yan Yingbo , Zhao Siwei , Qin Huasong , Liu Yilun
Published: October 2024

Digitization has brought a new era to the world, liberating information from physical media. The material structure–property relation is high‐dimensional and nonlinear, and the digitization of structure–property relations may bring unprecedented functional programmability and diversity. Here, a new concept of digital mechanical metamaterial (DMM) is presented, where property design is realized by programming the digital states of the DMM to decouple the design of the structure and property. Transforming the binary stable states of a curved beam to the digital bit, one unit cell of DMM manifests three distinct deformation responses under compression, i.e., compression–twist coupling (CTC), compression–shear coupling (CSC), and pure compression (PC). These deformation modes show notable differences in motion and stiffness, which, by digitally programming a series of DMM, can yield a spectrum of functionalities, including information encryption, stress–strain relation customization, energy absorption in cushioning, effective vibration isolation, and tunable force transmission. This study pioneers a versatile material design paradigm that provides much greater freedom for the property design of intelligent mechanical metamaterials.
Freestanding Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Membrane for Efficient Wound Healing
Authors: Wu Lingling , Yang Xue , Jia Haonan , Xiao Lvyao , Gao Chang , Hu Zhiqi , Wang Jiao , Guo Yanan , Wang Xusheng , Liu Tianfu , Cao Rong , Zhao Robert Chunhua
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are emerging as multifunctional materials with exceptional biocompatibility, abundant active sites, and tunable porosity, which are highly beneficial for advanced wound care. However, a significant challenge involves transforming pristine HOFs powders into lightweight, ultrathin, freestanding membranes compatible with soft biological systems. Herein, the study successfully develops shape‐adaptive HOF‐based matrix membranes (HMMs) using a polymer‐assisted liquid‐air interface technique. The HMMs conform seamlessly to tissues of different sizes and shapes, effectively stopping bleeding, and provide high water‐vapor permeability. Notably, both in vitro and in vivo studies with mice wound models demonstrated that these tissue‐conformable HMMs significantly accelerate wound healing by modulating the inflammatory environment of the injured tissue and promoting rapid re‐epithelialization. Furthermore, RNA‐seq analysis and mechanistic studies revealed that HMMs effectively reduce inflammation and facilitate the tissue transition from the proliferative stage to the remodeling stage of skin development. This work not only opens up new avenues for advanced wound care materials but also establishes a foundation for hybridizing HOFs with polymers for a wide range of potential applications.
Thermo‐Chemo‐Mechanically Robust, Multifunctional MXene/PVA/PAA‐Hanji Textile with Energy Harvesting, EMI Shielding, Flame‐Retardant, and Joule Heating Capabilities
Authors: Kim Jiheon , Choi Yong , Jang Hoyoung , Jiong Sohyung , Chen Xinqi , Seo Byungseok , Choi Wonjoon
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of wearable electronics, personal mobile equipment, and Internet of Things systems demands smart textiles that integrate multiple functions with enhanced durability. Herein, the study reports robust and multifunctional textiles with energy harvesting, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, flame resistance, and Joule heating capabilities, fabricated by a facile yet effective integration method using the deposition of cross‐linked MXene (Ti3C2Tx), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) onto traditional Korean paper, Hanji via vacuum filtration. Comprehensive analyses confirm robust cross‐linking, structural integrity, and interface stability in the MXene/PVA/PAA‐Hanji (MPP‐H) textiles, which synergistically boost their multifunctional performance. The MPP‐H textiles exhibit remarkable power generation lasting over 60 min with a power density of 102.2 µW cm−3 and an energy density of 31.0 mWh cm−3 upon the application of 20 µL of NaCl solution. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) per unit thickness in the X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz) is up to 437.6 dB mm−1, with the ratio of absorption to reflection reaching 4.5, outperforming existing EMI shielding materials. Superior thermo‐chemo‐mechanical properties (flame resistance, rapid Joule heating, durability, and washability) further demonstrate their versatile usability. The MPP‐H enables diverse functionalities within a single, robust textile through a scalable fabrication method, offering transformative potential for wearable and mobility platforms.
Oriented Crystal Polarization Tuning Bulk Charge and Single‐Site Chemical State for Exceptional Hydrogen Photo‐Production
Authors: Zhu Zijian , Hu Jingcong , Hu Cheng , Lu Yue , Chu Shengqi , Chen Fang , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei
Published: October 2024

Rapid bulk charge recombination and mediocre surface catalytic sites harshly restrict the photocatalytic activities. Herein, the aforementioned concerns are well addressed by coupling macroscopic spontaneous polarization and atomic‐site engineering of CdS single‐crystal nanorods for superb H2 photo‐production. The oriented growth of CdS nanorods along the polar axis, vectorially superimposing substantial polar units with orderly arrangement, renders a strong polarization electric field (20.1 times enhancement), which boosts bulk charge separation with an efficiency up to 72.4% (80.4‐fold). Remarkably, polarization electric field alters the chemical state of Pt single sites by orderly reducing the binding energy of Pt atom with stepwise polarization enhancement of CdS substrate, which increases the onsite electron density of Pt from 10.232 to 10.261e− and *H key intermediates, providing preponderant Volmer‐Tafel/Volmer‐Heyrovsky reaction pathways with significantly decreased energy barriers for H2 production. Thus, highly polarized CdS nanorods with atomically dispersed Pt sites perform an outstanding H2 space‐time yield of 118.5 mmol g−1 h−1 and apparent quantum efficiency of 57.7% at λ = 420 nm, and a record‐high H2 turnover frequency of 57798.4 h−1, being one of the best catalysts for photocatalytic H2 evolution. This work highlights the function of polarization in manipulating charge separation and catalytic reaction.
A Pilot Analysis of Capecitabine Plus PD‐1 Antibody as Maintenance Therapy in Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer and the Prognostic Factors
Authors: Chen Dong‐Liang , Hu Yan , Zhang Dong‐Sheng , Wang Feng‐Hua
Published: October 2024

Oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy combined with PD‐1 antibody has become the standard treatment for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. However, the neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin limits its long‐term use. A total of 84 patients who received oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy plus PD‐1 antibody are enrolled in this study, among which 44 patients are maintained with capecitabine plus PD‐1 antibody, whereas the other 40 patients are maintained with capecitabine monotherapy. The primary endpoint is progression‐free survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoint is overall‐survival (OS). Subgroup analysis is performed based on expression of PD‐L1 and CXCL12. The median PFS is significantly longer in capecitabine plus PD‐1 antibody group (n = 44) than that in capecitabine monotherapy (n = 40) group. The median OS is significantly longer in capecitabine plus PD‐1 antibody group than that in capecitabine monotherapy group. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with high expression of PD‐L1 or low level of CXCL12 benefited more significantly from capecitabine plus PD‐1 antibody maintenance. Maintenance therapy with capecitabine plus PD‐1 antibody significantly prolongs the PFS and OS in patients without disease progression after first‐line treatment. Patients with high expression of PD‐L1 or low expression of CXCL12 benefit more significantly from maintenance therapy.
Gate‐Controlled Photoresponse in an Individual Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Modified with a Fluorescent Protein
Authors: Kudriavtseva Anastasiia S. , Nekrasov Nikita P. , Krasnikov Dmitry V. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Bogdanov Alexey M. , Bobrinetskiy Ivan
Published: October 2024

Bionanohybrids of carbon nanotubes and fluorescent proteins (FPs) are a promising class of materials for optoelectronic applications. Understanding and controlling the charge transport mechanism between FPs and carbon nanotubes are critical to achieving functional reproducibility and exploring novel synergetic effects. This work demonstrates a novel phenomenon of photocurrent generation in field‐effect transistors based on the conjugation of an individual single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and FPs. When studying the effect of gate voltage on the photoresponse, reversible switching from fast positive to a slow negative photoresponse in bionanohybrids associated with depletion and accumulation modes, respectively is observed. The latter demonstrates a stable memory effect after the light is turned off. It is revealed that in depletion mode, the charge carriers from the protein are not trapped at the interface due to effective screening by the gate potential. It is suggested that the main mechanism in photoresponse switching is a competitive effect between photogating and effective photodoping of the SWCNT by charges trapped at the nanotube interface. The noticeable effect of water molecules can support proton transfer as the main mechanism of charge transfer. This result illustrates that SWCNT/FP bionanohybrids bear great potential for the realization of novel optoelectronic devices.
Enhanced Ferroelectricity of Hf‐Based Memcapacitors by Adopting Ti Insert‐Layer and C–V Measurement for Constructing Energy‐Efficient Reservoir Computing Network
Authors: Chen Bo , Wu Yifang , Liu Yizhi , Li Xiaopeng , Tai Lu , Sang Pengpeng , Wu Jixuan , Zhan Xuepeng , Chen Jiezhi
Published: October 2024

Hf‐based ferroelectric memcapacitors only consume dynamic power with the merits of reliable nonvolatile storage and Si‐process compatibility, which is an outstanding artificial synapse for constructing energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing networks. In this paper, the ferroelectricity of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO) memcapacitor is improved by the co‐optimization of process design and electrical measurement with various thicknesses of the Ti insertion layer and conditions of Capacitor–Voltage (C–V) tests. Material characterization indicates the Ti insertion layer reduces them‐phase and increases the ratio of theo‐phase in HZO film. The wake‐up‐free behaviors are achieved in the Ti insertion layer memcapacitors with an endurance of ≈109cycles. Furthermore, ferroelectric properties are further enhanced after C–V measurement with the 1nm‐thick Ti insertion layer showing the largest remanent polarization (2Pr≈41.02 µC cm−2). Subsequently, a full hardware‐implemented hierarchical parallel reservoir computing (RC) network is constructed using 34 HZO memcapacitive synapses. The proposed network achieves high recognition accuracy (≈96.10%) and low dynamic power consumption (≈0.15 fJ per input) with the MNIST dataset. These findings indicate the feasibility of developing a highly energy‐efficient, fully hardware‐implemented, hierarchical parallel RC neural network.
Improving Charge Transport and Environmental Stability of Carbohydrate‐Bearing Semiconducting Polymers in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Mooney Madison , Pandolfi Lauren , Wang Yunfei , Zhu Chenhui , Garg Garima , Kraft Ulrike , Gu Xiaodan , Rondeau‐Gagné Simon
Published: October 2024

Semiconducting polymers offer synthetic tunability, good mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, enabling the development of soft technologies previously inaccessible. Side‐chain engineering is a versatile approach for optimizing these semiconducting materials, but minor modifications can significantly impact material properties and device performance. Carbohydrate side chains have been previously introduced to improve the solubility of semiconducting polymers in greener solvents. Despite this achievement, these materials exhibit suboptimal performance and stability in field‐effect transistors. In this work, structure–property relationships are explored to enhance the device performance of carbohydrate‐bearing semiconducting polymers. Toward this objective, a series of isoindigo‐based polymers with carbohydrate side chains of varied carbon‐spacer lengths is developed. Material and device characterizations reveal the effects of side chain composition on solid‐state packing and device performance. With this new design, charge mobility is improved by up to three orders of magnitude compared to the previous studies. Processing–property relationships are also established by modulating annealing conditions and evaluating device stability upon air exposure. Notably, incidental oxygen‐doping effects lead to increased charge mobility after 10 days of exposure to ambient air, correlated with decreased contact resistance. Bias stress stability is also evaluated. This work highlights the importance of understanding structure–property relationships toward the optimization of device performance.
Tuning the Performance of Poly(quaterphenyl piperidinium) Anion‐Exchange Membranes by Monomer Configuration
Authors: Bakvand Pegah Mansouri , Pan Dong , Allushi Andrit , Jannasch Patric
Published: October 2024

Poly(arylene piperidinium)s are attractive anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for alkaline membrane fuel cells and water electrolyzers because of their high chemical stability and hydroxide conductivity. Here, ether‐ and fluorine‐free hydroxide conducting poly(quaterphenyl piperidinium) membranes with very similar ion exchange capacity (IEC), but different ratios of meta to para connectivity in the quaterphenyl units, are synthesized and explored. Ionic clustering, water uptake, and the hydroxide conductivity of the AEMs increase gradually with increasing backbone flexibility, i.e., the fraction of meta connectivity. At 80 °C, the AEMs with para,para‐ and meta,meta‐quaterphenyl units, respectively, reach a conductivity of 96 and 178 mS cm−1, respectively, at a water uptake of 37 and 209%, respectively. Alkaline stability evaluations reveal high alkaline stability, increasing with backbone flexibility. Under very harsh conditions, the cationic loss increases with chain stiffness and occurs mainly through Hofmann β‐elimination, but also increasingly via nucleophilic methyl substitution. Copolymerization of quaterphenyls provides properties in between the corresponding homopolymers. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the configuration of the quaterphenyl monomer can be efficiently tailored to manipulate the chain flexibility of highly alkali‐stable AEMs for control over the water uptake and ionic conductivity in a wide range without changing the ionic content of the membranes.
Chalcogen Bonds Enable Efficient Photoreduction of Sulfur‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Janicki Mikołaj J. , Szabla Rafał
Published: October 2024

Chalcogen bonding interactions have attracted significant attention in a broad chemistry community, with a particular focus on their ability to stabilise the key transition states in various organic synthetic routes. In this work, we demonstrate that they can also be harnessed in selective photoredox reactions, which cannot be otherwise achieved with alternative approaches to photoreduction. We demonstrate this concept through the photoreduction of the sulfur‐containing DNA nucleoside precursor thioanhydrouridine to 2’‐deoxy‐thiouridine, revealing the previously unrecognized role of bisulfide in this process. Based on quantum chemical simulations, we identify a stable chalcogen‐bonding complex of the hydrosulfide anion and thionhydrouridine (HS−⋅⋅⋅S contacts), which enables directional photoinduced electron transfer, resulting in the formation of non‐canonical DNA nucleoside. We also disprove the possibility that photoreduction of thioanhydronucleosides could be initiated by hydrated electrons generated from irradiated bisulfide anions which do not interact with the chromophore. Finally, we show that selective photoreduction mediated by chalcogen bonds can only occur for chromophores, which exhibit sufficiently long excited‐state lifetimes in the locally‐excited states to undergo transition to the productive charge transfer state. These findings can be further used in the design of similar photoredox reactions which can employ the potential of chalcogen bonding interactions.
Ethanol Processable Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Hole Transporting Layers Enabled 20.12 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Hongjia , Li Yinfeng , Dai Xingjian , Xu Xiaopeng , Peng Qiang
Published: October 2024

In this study, a high‐performance inorganic‐organic hybrid hole transporting layer (HTL) was developed using ethanol‐soluble alkoxide precursors and a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM). Three metal oxides‐vanadium oxide (VOx), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), and tantalum oxide (Ta2O5)‐were synthesized through successive low‐temperature (100 °C) thermal annealing (TA) and UV‐ozone (UVO) treatments of their respective precursors: vanadium oxytriethoxide (EtO−V), niobium ethoxide (EtO−Nb), and tantalum ethoxide (EtO−Ta). Among these, the Nb2O5 film exhibited excellent transmittance, a high work function, and good conductivity, along with a more compact and uniform structure featuring fewer interfacial defects, which facilitated efficient charge extraction and transport. Furthermore, the deposition of a SAM of (2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (2PACz) on top of Nb2O5 further passivated defects, enhancing interfacial contact with the photoactive layer. The resulting inorganic‐organic hybrid HTL of Nb2O5/2PACz demonstrated excellent compatibility with various photoactive blends, achieving impressive power conversion efficiencies of 19.44 %, 19.18 %, and 20.12 % for the PM6:L8‐BO, PM6:BTP‐eC9, and D18:BTP‐eC9 based organic solar cells, respectively. 20.12 % is the best performance for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells with binary components as the photoactive layer.
Rational Design of Diatomic Active Sites for Elucidating Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance Trends
Authors: Xu Nanfeng , Jin Yuxiang , Liu Qiunan , Yu Meng , Wang Xiao , Wang Chao , Tu Wei , Zhang Zhirong , Geng Zhigang , Suenaga Kazu , Cheng Fangyi , Song Erhong , Peng Zhangquan , Xu Junyuan
Published: October 2024

Diatomic catalysts, especially those with heteronuclear active sites, have recently attracted significant attention for their advantages over single‐atom catalysts in reactions with relatively high energy barrier, e.g. oxygen evolution reaction. Rational design and synthesis of heteronuclear diatomic catalysts are of immense significance but have so far been plagued by the lack of a definitive correlation between structure and catalytic properties. Here, we report macrocyclic precursor constrained strategy to fabricate series of transition metal (MT, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, or Cu)‐noble (MN, Ir or Ru) centers in carbon material. One notable performance trend is observed in the order of Cu−MN<Mn−MN<Fe−MN<MN<Co−MN<Ni−MN. Meanwhile, the pathway has been not altered, still following the traditional adsorption reaction mechanism. The effect of the MT atoms on the performances could possibly originate from the distinct adsorption/desorption behaviors of key intermediates (i.e. *OH, *O and/or *OOH), strongly implying that ΔG*OOH–ΔG*OH could be used as the performance descriptor. We believe that our work provides useful strategy for synthesis of diatomic active sites with sole coordination configuration and varied composition, and in‐depth insight to their catalytic mechanism, which could be used for further optimization of diatomic catalysts towards oxygen electrocatalysis.
Soil health impact of long‐term sugarcane vinasse recycling
Authors: da Luz Felipe Bonini , Gonzaga Leandro Carolino , Cherubin Mauricio Roberto , Castioni Guilherme Adalberto Ferreira , Carvalho João Luis Nunes
Published: October 2024

The efficient use of vinasse, the primary byproduct of sugarcane ethanol production, is important for the economic and environmental sustainability of the industry. Few studies have quantified the soil health response to long‐term vinasse application, even though this byproduct is generally applied as a potassium (K) source in sugarcane fields. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was used to assess the integrated soil health response in soils with contrasting textures. Chemical, physical, and biological indicators were selected, measured, and integrated into a soil health index for clay‐ and sandy‐textured soils in Brazil. Overall, the application of vinasse improved soil health components in both soils. The results showed that the benefits of vinasse go beyond increasing the K content. Vinasse application showed increased soil organic carbon content, nutrient recycling, and soil physical quality. The long‐term application of vinasse increased the soil health from 49% to 62% in the clayey soil and from 43% to 61% in the sandy clay soil. The findings therefore revealed the potential of vinasse application to reduce the need for synthetic fertilizer and promote the circular economy and soil health regardless of soil type. This study verifies that the long‐term application of vinasse to sandy‐ and clay‐texture soils in Brazil has both economic and environmental benefits because it recycles an important ethanol byproduct and enhances soil health.
Generalized spike–waves in idiopathic generalized epilepsies: Does their frequency matter?
Authors: Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Farazdaghi Mohsen
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We hypothesized that the frequency (in Hertz) of generalized spike–waves (GSWs) in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) has associations with the syndromic diagnosis as well as with the prognosis of patients (their response to medical treatment).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of a prospectively developed database. All patients with a diagnosis of IGE were studied at the epilepsy center at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from 2008 until 2022. Patients were classified into four IGE syndromes: childhood absence epilepsy; juvenile absence epilepsy; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; and generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone.

Results

Five hundred and eighty‐three patients were studied. GSWs were commonly observed in all four syndromes of IGE. Frequency of GSW (in Hertz) did not have a significant association with the syndromic diagnosis of the patients (p = .179). The presence of GSW did not have a significant association with the seizure outcome (becoming seizure free or not) of the patients (p = .416). Frequency of GSW did not have a significant association with the seizure outcome of the patients either (p = .574).

Conclusion

GSWs are the hallmark electroencephalographic footprints of idiopathic generalized epilepsies; however, neither their presence nor their frequency has practical associations with the syndromic diagnosis of IGEs or their outcome (response to treatment).
Are risk assessment tools more accurate than unstructured judgments in predicting violent, any, and sexual offending? A meta‐analysis of direct comparison studies
Authors: Viljoen Jodi L. , Goossens Ilvy , Monjazeb Sanam , Cochrane Dana M. , Vargen Lee M. , Jonnson Melissa R. , Blanchard Adam J. E. , Li Shanna M. Y. , Jackson Jourdan R.
Published: October 2024

We conducted a pre‐registered meta‐analysis of studies that directly compared the predictive validity of risk assessment tools to unstructured judgments of risk for violent, any, or sexual offending. A total of 31 studies, containing 169 effect sizes from 45,673 risk judgments, met inclusion criteria. Based on the results of three‐level mixed‐effects meta‐regression models, the predictive validity of total scores on risk assessment tools was significantly higher than that of unstructured judgments for predictions of violent, any, and sexual offending. Tools continued to outperform unstructured judgments after accounting for risk of bias. This finding was also robust to variations in population, assessment context, and outcome measurement. Although this meta‐analysis provides support for the use of risk assessment tools, it also highlights limitations and gaps that future research should address.
Poly‐bullying victimisation in Indonesia: Prevalence and factors related to children exposure to multiple bullying incidents, and its correlation to subjective well‐being
Authors: Borualogo Ihsana Sabriani
Published: October 2024

Research on bullying in Indonesia remains limited, revealing significant gaps in understanding its prevalence and underlying factors specific to the Indonesian context. This study addresses these gaps through a three‐pronged approach: (a) assessing the prevalence of poly‐bullying victimisation, (b) identifying factors associated with poly‐bullying experiences, and (c) evaluating subjective well‐being (SWB) in cases of poly‐bullying by comparing it with uninvolved children. Cummins' theory of SWB homeostasis was employed to interpret the findings. The study included 10,051 children aged 10 and 12 years (50% girls) who reported experiencing poly‐bullying in the past month. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. Poly‐bullying was measured across five indicators: physical, verbal, and emotional bullying by siblings and other children at school. The analysis considered five independent variables: sociodemographic factors, perceptions of family, friends, and school, and reported fights among students. The results were statistically significant (p < 0.000), though the model explained only 5.1% of the variance in poly‐bullying victimisation. Poly‐bullying was prevalent in both public and non‐religious schools. Significant contributors included the frequency of fights among students (β = 0.129) and the belief that friends would help (β = 0.045). The study's implications for preventing poly‐bullying victimisation were also discussed.
Identification of Honokiol‐Based Scaffold to Design Tankyrase 1/2 Inhibitors by In Silico and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Di Micco Simone , Ruggiero Dafne , Terracciano Stefania , Bruno Ines , Cardullo Nunzio , Muccilli Vera , Tringali Corrado , Bifulco Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Recently, we identified magnolol bioinspired derivatives as new Tankyrase 1/2 (TNKS1/2) inhibitors by our Inverse Virtual Screening protocol. Based on these findings, in the present contribution, we enlarged our investigation of neolignans to the natural product honokiol (1) and a group of its analogues (2–8). By integrating in silico analysis and Surface Plasmon Resonance experiments, we investigated the binding of tested compounds against biological target under investigations. Specifically, 1 (honokiol), 2, 6 and 7 bound TNKS2 with a KD in the low nanomolar range, whereas 3–5 and 8 showed absence of affinity for the macromolecule. Furthermore, we also proved the binding specificity of 1 and 7 against TNKS2, while 2 and 6 were found to be also TNKS1 binders. The congener 4 was identified as specific TNKS1 ligand. Promising antiproliferative activity in A549 cancer cell line were obtained for 1 and 6, with honokiol (1) presenting a higher potency than the well‐known TNKS2 inhibitor XAV939. Collectively, these outcomes suggest that the honokiol‐based scaffold can be employed to design novel anti‐cancer therapeutic agents.
HMGB1 promotes M1 polarization of macrophages and induces COPD inflammation
Authors: Mu Qingshuang , Wang Qin , Yang Ye , Wei Ganghua , Wang Hao , Liao Jing , Yang Xinling , Wang Fan
Published: October 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pervasive and incapacitating respiratory condition, distinguished by airway inflammation and the remodeling of the lower respiratory tract. Central to its pathogenesis is an intricate inflammatory process, wherein macrophages exert significant regulatory functions, and High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) emerges as a pivotal inflammatory mediator potentially driving COPD progression. This study explores the hypothesis that HMGB1, within macrophages, modulates COPD through inflammatory mechanisms, focusing on its influence on macrophage polarization. Our investigation uncovered that HMGB1 is upregulated in the context of COPD, associated with an enhanced proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization induced by cigarette smoke. This polarization is linked to suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, indicative of HMGB1's role in the disease's inflammatory trajectory. The study further implicates HMGB1 in the activation of the Nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway and chemokine signaling within macrophages, which are likely to amplify the inflammatory response characteristic of COPD. The findings underscore HMGB1's critical involvement in COPD pathogenesis, presenting it as a significant target for therapeutic intervention aimed at modulating macrophage polarization and inflammation.
Tellurium Enriched Over‐Oxidized MoTe2 Anchored MXene Sheets: A Promising Li‐ion Battery Anode Material
Authors: Kamat Rohan S. , Mulik Chetana U. , Wang Xijue , Padwal Chinmayee , Kulkarni Abhishek A. , Jadhav Lata D. , Dubal Deepak P.
Published: October 2024

To address the challenge of low electronic and ionic conductivities in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), we synthesized MoTe2@Ti3C2Tx via a modified hydrothermal route. This 2D van der Waals composite exhibited a stable reversible specific discharge capacity of 566 mAh/g at 0.1 C (67 mA/g) and retained 71 % of its initial capacity during rate performance tests. Notably, cycling stability tests revealed an increased discharge capacity of 316.4 mAh/g after 564 cycles at 0.4 C (268 mA/g), which improved further to 378.2 mAh/g after 922 cycles at 1 C (670 mA/g). The exceptional electrochemical performance stems from the unique MoTe2@Ti3C2Tx architecture, enhancing Li+ site exposure and ensuring structural stability. This composite emerges as a promising and easily synthesizable advanced anode material for LIBs, offering enhanced conductivity and stability.
Population Pharmacokinetics Modeling and Simulation of Deutenzalutamide, A Novel Androgen Receptor Antagonist, in Patients With Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Liu Yixian , He Yongji , Qi Xiaohui , Li Xinghai , Zhou Yi , Chen Yuanwei , Wang Zhenlei , Zheng Li
Published: October 2024

Deutenzalutamide is a new molecular entity androgen receptor antagonist. The primary aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of deutenzalutamide and evaluate effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on pharmacokinetics. A nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling approach was performed to develop the population pharmacokinetic of deutenzalutamide using data from 1 Phase I trial of deutenzalutamide. Goodness‐of‐fit plots, prediction‐corrected visual predictive check, and bootstrap analysis were carried out to evaluate the final model. Simulation for the developed model was used to evaluate the covariate effects on the pharmacokinetics of deutenzalutamide. A 2‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination from the central compartment was established for deutenzalutamide. The final covariate included body weight on peripheral compartment volume. This is the first research developing the population pharmacokinetic model of deutenzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, and it is expected to support the future clinical administration of deutenzalutamide.
Secure device authentication and key agreement mechanism for LoRaWAN based IoT networks
Authors: Naidu Devishree , Ray Niranjan K.
Published: October 2024

The proposed work introduces two schemes for secure device authentication and key agreement (SDA & KA) mechanisms. Initially, an efficient implicit certificate approach based on the Elliptic curve Qu–Vanstone (EIC‐EcQuV) scheme is developed in the first stage to instantly concur on the session key. The proposed scheme implicitly performs quick authentication of the public key. Also, this scheme prevents the attacker from creating fake key combinations. Through EIC‐EcQuV, the implicit certificate (IC) is distributed which helps to implicitly authenticate the user. This work also proposes ithe developed Public Key Certificateless Cryptosystem (PKCIC) scheme in the second stage, whch was also for the SDA & KA mechanism. In the EIC‐EcQuV scheme, efficient authentication is enabled, but public key theft is possible. However, in the PKCIC scheme, authentication is performed through partial keys, and the public key is secured via the Schnorr signature. The efficiency of the proposed schemes is proved by comparing the attained results with previous schemes. The proposed method obtains the computational cost of 0.0583 s for end‐to‐end devices, 0.06111 for network servers, and 0.00071 s for the gateway, with an execution time of 78.624 for 1000 devices. The attained key agreement of the proposed EIC‐EcQuV is 0.953 s, and PKCIC is 0.9988 s.
Quantifying Kinetically Relevant Species on Zr‐SiO2 Materials for MPV Reduction
Authors: Chase Emily , Notestein Justin
Published: October 2024

On supported metal catalysts such as Zr‐SiO2, it can be challenging to isolate characteristics that result from intrinsic properties of the active site from those that result from the environment surrounding the active site. In this report, we utilize in situ titration of Lewis acid sites with phosphonic acid to accurately and quantitatively describe kinetically relevant Zr species on Zr‐SiO2 materials for the MPV reduction of cyclohexanone. We find that rate of MPV reduction on Zr‐SiO2 materials can be described as a combination of rate over titratable Zr, that is likely well dispersed Zr, and rate over non‐titratable Zr, that is likely supported ZrOx. The fraction of Zr that is well dispersed on the SiO2 is dependent on the surface density at which Zr is grafted but not the choice of Zr precursor. We demonstrate that phosphonic acid titration can offer a more relevant, quantitative description of Zr dispersion than UV‐vis and can be used to quantitatively describe changes that occur to the material during regeneration.
Value of Pharmacogenetic Testing Assessed with Real‐World Drug Utilization and Genotype Data
Authors: Litonius Kaisa , Kulla Noora , Falkenbach Petra , Kristiansson Kati , Tarkiainen E. Katriina , Ukkola‐Vuoti Liisa , Cajanus Kristiina , Korhonen Mari , Khan Sofia , Sistonen Johanna , Orpana Arto , Lindstedt Mats , Nyrönen Tommi , Perola Markus , Turpeinen Miia , Kytö Ville , Tornio Aleksi , Niemi Mikko
Published: October 2024

Implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in clinical care has been slow and with few exceptions is hindered by the lack of real‐world evidence on how to best target testing. In this retrospective register‐based study, we analyzed a nationwide cohort of 1,425,000 patients discharged from internal medicine or surgical wards and a cohort of 2,178 university hospital patients for purchases and prescriptions of pharmacogenetically actionable drugs. Pharmacogenetic variants were obtained from whole genome genotype data for a subset (n = 930) of the university hospital patients. We investigated factors associated with receiving pharmacogenetically actionable drugs and developed a literature‐based cost–benefit model for pre‐emptive pharmacogenetic panel testing. In a 2‐year follow‐up, 60.4% of the patients in the nationwide cohort purchased at least one pharmacogenetically actionable drug, most commonly ibuprofen (25.0%) and codeine (19.4%). Of the genotyped subset, 98.8% carried at least one actionable pharmacogenetic genotype and 23.3% had at least one actionable gene‐drug pair. Patients suffering from musculoskeletal or cardiovascular diseases were more prone to receive pharmacogenetically actionable drugs during inpatient episode. The cost–benefit model included frequently dispensed drugs in the university hospital cohort, comprising ondansetron (19.4%), simvastatin (7.4%), clopidogrel (5.0%), warfarin (5.1%), (es)citalopram (5.3%), and azathioprine (0.5%). For untargeted pre‐emptive pharmacogenetic testing of all university hospital patients, the model indicated saving €17.49 in direct healthcare system costs per patient in 2 years without accounting for the cost of the test itself. Therefore, it might be reasonable to target pre‐emptive pharmacogenetic testing to patient groups most likely to receive pharmacogenetically actionable drugs.
Analysis and Design of High Power Density Flyback Converter
Authors: Zhao Yin , Chen Shenghua , Tang Yu
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a flyback converter with high efficiency and high power density. An optimal design method for high power density planar transformers is presented. Applying the principle of flux cancellation, a matrix transformer that originally needed an independent magnetic core was integrated into a single magnetic core to reduce the volume of the core. This method effectively reduces the printed circuit board (PCB) layer number of the planar transformer and increases the possibility of the application of the planar transformer in the flyback converter. An optimized design method of the winding structure is given according to that model to further reduce the winding loss of the transformer. Meanwhile, the proposed structure is verified by finite element analysis software. Finally, a multi‐output flyback converter with a frequency of 100 kHz is designed to verify the practical performance of the proposed transformer.
Evaluating intra‐ and inter‐life stage density‐dependent dynamics for management of perennial amphidromous fish
Authors: Crichton Ben R. J. , Hickford Michael J. H. , McIntosh Angus R. , Schiel David R.
Published: October 2024

Compensatory density‐dependent (DD) processes play an integral role in fisheries management by underpinning fundamental population demographics. However, DD processes are often assessed only for specific life stages, likely resulting in misleading evaluations of population limitations. Here, we assessed the relative roles of intra‐ and inter‐life stage DD interactions in shaping the population dynamics of perennial freshwater fish with demographically open populations. Specifically, we monitored populations of amphidromous banded kōkopu (Galaxias fasciatus), giant kōkopu (Galaxias argenteus), and shortjaw kōkopu (Galaxias postvectis) in five streams where migratory post‐larvae are fished and in three no‐take (“closed”) streams located on New Zealand's South Island for two years. Using mark‐recapture data, we investigated whether fishing altered densities of “small” (non‐territorial recruits ≤1‐year‐old) and “large” (territorial fish >1‐year‐old) kōkopu size classes, and how subsequent density shifts affected the apparent survival and growth of each class while controlling for other confounding factors (e.g., habitat characteristics). We found that closed areas had substantially greater biomass of small kōkopu, particularly following the two‐month fishing season. Despite this greater influx of recruits, there was no difference in the biomass of large kōkopu at the species level, or as a combined assemblage between stream types. This indicated that although fishing of post‐larvae reduced recruit influxes into adult habitats, there was no subsequent evidence of recruitment‐limitation within adult populations. Instead, kōkopu demographics were underpinned by intra‐ and inter‐life stage DD competition and predation. Greater large fish densities played a key role in regulating the survival, growth, and/or presence of various kōkopu classes. In contrast, greater small fish densities had positive effects on the growth of opportunistic and insectivorous congeners, likely due to cannibalism and altered foraging behaviors, respectively. Our study details the prominent role of intra‐ and inter‐life stage DD interactions in regulating the population dynamics of perennial migratory freshwater fishes, even in populations with inhibited recruit and juvenile availability. We emphasize the importance for fisheries management to implement recruitment dependencies and complex interactions between distinct life stages to avoid deleterious DD responses and ensure population persistence.
Transformative Earth stewardship: Principles for shaping a sustainable future for nature and society
Authors: Chapin F. Stuart
Published: October 2024

Earth stewardship is the proactive shaping of pathways of social‐ecological change to enable people and nature to thrive. Its strategy is to identify and shape sustainable pathways of human–nature interaction. I describe three Earth stewardship approaches to addressing global changes. Two of these (resisting unfavorable change; accepting and adapting to change) are well‐accepted approaches to conservation and sustainability. The third (transformative Earth stewardship to escape unsustainable traps) is more challenging but can sometimes overcome seemingly insurmountable barriers. It can be triggered by a change in vision for society, changes in feedbacks such as social norms and incentives, or engagement of influential actors or institutions. The innovation necessary to trigger profound transformation often requires transdisciplinary perspectives that draw on multiple knowledge systems, modes of communication, and sectors of society.
A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Emotion Regulation, Interpersonal Problems, and Eating Disorder Psychopathology in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Cui Shuqi , Zickgraf Hana F. , Barnhart Wesley R. , Xu Yinuo , Wang Ziyue , Ji Feng , Chen Gui , He Jinbo
Published: October 2024

Objective

The present longitudinal study examined sex‐specific, symptom‐level relationships among emotion regulation (ER), interpersonal problems (IP), and eating disorder (ED) psychopathology in a large sample of Chinese adolescents.

Method

Data were from a project with four waves of data collection (N = 1540; 710 boys and 830 girls) at 6‐month intervals over 18 months. Questionnaires assessed ED psychopathology, ER, and IP at each wave of data collection. Longitudinal network analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls. Sex differences in the network structures were also examined.

Results

The results revealed pronounced heterogeneity in the presentation of ED psychopathology, ER, and IP across Chinese adolescent boys and girls longitudinally and intra‐individually. For example, weight/shape preoccupation in ED psychopathology and awareness in ER emerged as important nodes in the temporal network for boys. However, weight/shape preoccupation and dissatisfaction in ED psychopathology were identified as the most important nodes in the temporal network for girls. Regarding bridge strength, awareness in ER emerged as the node with the highest connectivity in the temporal network for boys. At the same time, weight/shape dissatisfaction in ED psychopathology was the node with the highest connectivity for girls.

Discussion

The current study extended network theory to better understand the longitudinal interplay among ER, IP, and ED psychopathology in Chinese adolescents and their sex differences in the importance of symptoms. Such insights may pave the way for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies for adolescent boys and girls in China.