bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nation Building in Southeast Asia: Conflict, Ethno-Religious Nationalism and Islamic Education in Indonesia and Thailand
Authors: Satibi Ibi , Talib Ahmad Tarmizi , Rohmawati Wiwin Siti Aminah , Said Muhammad
Published: July 2022

This article aims to describe the nation-building discourse and movement in Southeast Asia, particularly in Aceh-Indonesia and Pattani-Thailand. The significance of this research lies in the fact that these two regions share similar characteristics. Among them are socio-cultural and religio-political situations as conflict-affected areas with the dynamics of national discourse, and fluctuate views on national integration with the state. Islamic educational institutions in these two regions have contributed significantly in the formation of the nation-state. Dayah in Aceh and Pondok in Pattani not only serve as the centres of Islamic studies and character building for the community, but also function as the stage for social, cultural and political movements. Thus, Dayah and Pondok became the institutions to shape Islamic extremist as well as the agent to strengthen political identity. This article attempts to explain the genealogy of Islamic education and the metamorphosis of national discourse in these two regions. In addition, this article will also reveal the role of local actors in ethno-religious discourses and movements, and the response of the state and its apparatus in efforts to maintain national unity and statehood
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 02.07.2022 г. по 08.07.2022 г.
Authors: Гусева Валерия , Поспелов Михаил , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Чумачкова Елена , Дмитриева Людмила , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: July 2022

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по

COVID-19, за неделю с 02.07.2022 г. по 08.07.2022 г.
Local Wisdom Enriching Complementary Feeding Practices during Disaster Situations in Indonesia
Authors: Astuti Astuti , Hayati Happy , Waluyanti Fajar Tri , Wanda Dessie
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to analyze complementary food fulfillment during disaster situations in Indonesia since it frequently experiences natural disasters and young children face unique challenges related to their feeding needs in disaster situations. This qualitative case study based on the Mount Merapi eruption and Sumedang landslide in 2021 collected data using observations, forum group discussions, and in-depth interviews; then, a thematic analysis was conducted. This study involved 17 participants, including Non-governmental Organizations (NGO) activists, health workers, residents involved in making complementary foods, and primary caregivers of children aged 6–24 months. This study found that there were five themes generated from the data analysis; 1) the donation of home-based complementary foods based on local wisdom, 2) inadequate complementary feeding, 3) limited resources to manage the complementary feeding, 4) clean versus dirty conditions, and 5) mothers’ endeavour in complementary feeding practices. This study concluded that the complementary feeding practices during a disaster in Indonesia were supported by NGOs, residents, and nearby healthcare workers and thus represent a form of mutual cooperation among the Indonesian people.
Treatment Adherence and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Baniu Ahmad Sahlan , Sauriasari Rani , Riyadina Woro , Soewondo Pradana
Published: July 2022

Previous studies showed that uncontrolled blood sugar and long-term use of several types of antidiabetic could increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to compare the incidence of CHD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients showing treatment adherence and non-adherence behavior over four years. This was a retrospective cohort study with data sets obtained from the Bogor Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors. All study subjects were not diagnosed with CHD at the beginning of the study. The sample was divided into two groups; one had adhered to treatment from health centers and followed the treatment instructions (adherent group), while the other had not followed the treatment instructions (non-adherent group). Of 5,690 subjects, 276 were eligible for this study (84 in the adherent and 192 in the non-adherent group). The incidence of CHD in the non-adherent group was 2.3% higher than in the adherent group (p-value = 0.564) and had a 1.7 times greater risk of developing CHD, but not statistically significant (adjusted HR = 1.739; 95% CI = 0.673-4.490). The non-adherent T2DM patients had a greater risk of developing CHD than adherent T2DM patients.
System Eliminating Emergency Discharges in Industrial Facilities Waste Waters Using Relative Signal Description
Authors: Alekseev V. A. , Yuran S. I. , Usoltsev V. P. , Shulmin D. N.
Published: July 2022

Peak emergency discharges of harmful substances to the industrial companies waste waters that normally form coagulates over time present a serious environmental problem. These coagulates can enter natural water bodies during the wastewater discharge. Thus, detecting these coagulates in real-time is a relevant problem.

To solve this problem, the authors suggest building an automated system that shall record and identify the emergency harmful substances discharges to the industrial companies waste waters caused by accidents. This system features a laser probing module which scans waste water at several wavelengths simultaneously and in real time.

Emergency discharge identification is performed based on the substance transmission spectra analysis using the original description of the recorded substance spectra digital signals. The relative description on the components of the lattice function of the spectrum of emergency discharges is used, constructed using the order ratio between the components of the lattice function.

The emergency discharge identification can be implemented by comparing the relative description of the emergency discharge spectrum with the reference spectra for the harmful substances that can be present at the given industrial facility, and the standards of the spectra of these substances are presented in the form of a relative description using the ratio “more”–“less”.

The authors provide a flow chart for the emergency discharge elimination system, describe its operation and the functions fulfilled by its elements. The system features an emergency coagulate identification device, a processing device for the spectrum recorded that can also store the reference spectra of harmful substances, and a valve-control device for the waste water system. Due to installation of laser radiation sources along the perimeter of the pipe along which the liquid moves, simultaneous laser action on the emergency clot of harmful substances passing through the pipe is ensured. The analysis of the clot passing through the sewer pipe allows opening the valves for each of the predicted emergency clots when receiving a command from the control device and diverting the clot that has appeared to the appropriate sump.
Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometers Based on C12880MA and C11708MA Mini-Spectrometers Hamamatsu
Authors: Firago V. A. , Levkovich N. V. , Shuliko K. I.
Published: July 2022

Diffuse reflection spectroscopy with spatial resolution is a promising direction of non-destructive control of the properties of a number of scattering fine-dispersed materials, including food products. It can find wide practical application only in the presence of compact, easy-to-use and inexpensive spectrophotometric equipment. The aim of the article is to investigate the possibility of creating portable spectrophotometers based on Hamamatsu mini-spectrometers, which work together with modern computing facilities.

The schematics for connecting the C12880MA and C11708MA mini-spectrometers to portable computing devices are reviewed. Shows the feasibility of using a small-sized microprocessor board ARM STM32F103C8T6 (Blue pill) on the chip STM32F103C8T6. Its use in the connection scheme has simplified data exchange with the control computer via USB interface and the formation of all the signals that are needed to control the mini-spectrometer.

Two experimental samples of spectrophotometers based on C12880MA and C11708MA mini-spectrometers and STM32 microprocessors were created and their characteristics were studied. The calibration procedure and features of the software for these spectrophotometers are presented. The described features ensure the efficiency of software modification for the spectrophotometric problem to be solved. The presence of distortions of the registered spectra in the short-wave part of the spectral range of C12880MA was revealed. They arise due to focusing by the concave diffraction grating of a part of the radiation scattered by it into zero order.

Approbation of developed portable spectrophotometers based on Hamamatsu mini-spectrometers indicates the possibility of their use in portable spectrophotometric equipment and devices for spectral control of optical properties of scattering materials. The described calibration technique allows you to determine the range of the spectrum, in which the distortions of the recorded spectra are minimal. The proposed solutions significantly reduce the cost of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy devices with spatial resolution and expand the possibilities of their use in various branches of science and industry.
Assessment of Health Impacts of PM2.5 on the Vulnerable Groups in the Central part of Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Shareful , Islam Md. Tariqul , Bhuiyan Mohammad Amir Hossain
Published: July 2022

Particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the critical sources for outdoor air pollution and poses the most significant public health threat. In Bangladesh, particularly in the major urban cities, PM2.5 has been identified as a significant public health hazard. This research aims to perform a spatiotemporal mapping of PM2.5 from 2002–2019 to identify the hotspots in central Bangladesh and to estimate the health impacts on pregnant women and population aged 60+. A time-series of remotely sensed PM2.5 is used in hotspot analysis, applying Geographic Information Systems (GIS). To explore the health impacts due to PM2.5, a questionnaire survey is conducted on pregnant women and population aged 60 + in both high- and low-spots zones. A non-parametric statistical analysis is conducted to understand the mean impacts. The findings of this research reveal that the annual concentration of PM2.5 is increased by 47% during 2002–2019. Most of the high hotspot zones are identified in the middle of the study areas; the core urban areas of Dhaka, Narayanganj, and Gazipur Districts. The traffic vehicles, urbanization, construction and brickfield activities, and industrial emissions are the main controlling factors for increasing PM2.5. Further, the health impacts of both pregnant and population 60+ are higher in the high-spot zone than in the low-spot area. Note that pregnant women have less PM2.5 related information than 60+ population in both high- and low-spot zones. On the policy applications, the relevant departments may utilize these findings for health hazard risk reduction and local and regional air pollution mitigation.
Prepared activated carbon from hazelnut shell where coated nanocomposite with Ag+, used for antibacterial and adsorption properties
Authors: Altıntıg Esra , Sarıcı Birsen , Karatas Sukru
Published: July 2022

In this research prepared activated carbon by H3PO4 from hazelnut shells were coated with silver ions for the preparation of nanoparticles which were mixed in two ratios (1:0.5 and 1:1) by using of chemical reduction method. The adsorption capacity of activated carbons has been proven by BET and iodine number. Then the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles on the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were investigated in addition to that the characterization of hazelnut shell and silver-coated activated carbons were determined by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. The Optimum condition of activated carbon from hazelnut shells indicated that 66.01% carbon content within 36.22% efficiency, while BET surface area achieved as 1208 m2/ g and its contained 0.6104 cm3 g-1 total pore volume. The microbial effect indicated that 105 CFU/mL of E. coli was completely inhibited in 30 min. Silver-coated activated carbon showed excellent bacteriostatic activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The results show that the composite has good prospects for applications in drinking water. E. coli of 104 CFU/mL in drinking water were destroyed within 25 min of contact with the filter made with AgAC.
WITHDRAWN: Disparities in Somatic Comorbidities among Immigrants and Norwegians with and without Mental Disorders. A National Register Study
Authors: Hynek Kamila Angelika , Straiton Melanie , Abebe Dawit Shawel
Published: July 2022

Background: Comorbidity between mental disorders and somatic diseases is well-documented. At the same time there are large differences in the prevalence of both mental disorders and somatic diseases such as cardiovascular (CVDs), tumours, metabolic and infectious diseases between immigrants and majority populations in receiving countries. However, whether the comorbidity of mental disorders and somatic diseases differs across immigrant groups and the majority population is currently unclear. This study aimed to explore inequalities in the risk relationship between mental disorder and twenty-two somatic diseases, with differences in these associations between the Norwegians, and eight immigrant groups being of particular interest. Methods: This national register study uses information from 3 142 925 Norwegian residents aged 18+ on any diagnosed mental disorder and twenty-two somatic diseases for years 2008-2016, extracted from the Norwegian Patient Registry and linked with demographic information from National Population Registry. Poisson regression models were used to study the association between mental disorder and each of the twenty-two somatic diseases, divided into CVDs, endocrine and metabolic diseases, cancers, infectious and skin diseases. Differences in risk between Norwegians and eight immigrant groups were investigated by introducing interactions between mental disorder and immigrant background to the analysis and were presented as marginal probabilities.Results: Overall, immigrants had a lower or similar risk of the investigated somatic diseases compared to Norwegians, regardless of any diagnosed mental disorder. However, for CVDs, diabetes mellitus and infectious and skin diseases, the relative differences compared to Norwegians were greater among some immigrant groups with mental disorder than those without, i.e., particularly Sub-Saharan African immigrants.Conclusion: To reduce comorbid inequalities between immigrants and Norwegians, a particular focus should be given to somatic diseases such as CVDs, diabetes, and infectious and skin diseases which often cooccur with mental disorders. However, it is important to recognize the probability of underestimation of the studied associations due to lower use of specialist healthcare services among immigrants, and for mental disorders in particular. Future research should aim to investigate the reasons for such inequalities in comorbidity between immigrants and non-immigrants.
Screening of Spike (S) and nsp1 protein of COVID-19 in General population by using Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Assay
Authors: Ali Safdar , yousaf Muhammad Yousaf , Ayaz Muhammad Mazhar , Jalees Muhammad Moazam , Sultan Rizwana
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory syndrome that rapidly spreads in 195 countries all over the world in a very short period by Severe Acute Respiratory SARS-CoV2. In this pandemic situation, RT-LAMP is used to detect the COVID-19 because it is time-saving and cost-effective, samples are run at optimum temperature, and there is no need for well-equipped laboratories and experienced staff that is used in RT-PCR. This study reveals the screening of SARS-CoV2 by using RT-LAMP which is very specific than RT-PCR. This study was done by taking the safety approvals and taking care of bioethical values, 170 total samples of coronavirus suspected patients are used for screening the spike (S) and nsp1 protein by using RT-LAMP. Samples are taken from the swabs of the patients, then the isolation, extraction, and purification of RNA were done and the reaction was carried out on the RT-LAMP at optimum temperature and colour changes were seen from pink to yellow for the results with the naked eye. It is an easy way to know whether the test is either positive or negative. These steps are performed with both RT-LAMP and RT-PCR assays for the comparison of specificity and sensitivity. All genes S, nsp1, and ORF are suitable for the screening of coronavirus and has given 100% specificity and less sensitivity, but the specificity and sensitivity of the S gene are higher than nsp1 and ORF gene respectively. By using RT-LAMP there is 89 (93.68%) samples showed positive results in a total of 95 positive samples and 100% results in 55 negative samples. This study proves that RT-LAMP is more specific and less sensitive in the screening of coronavirus.
Endovascular therapy for hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation: a retrospective study of 17 patients
Authors: KHATI Idir , JACQUIER Alexis , GRABER Mathieu , BARTOLI Axel , CADOUR Farah , HARDWIGSEN Jean , TRADI Farouk , BARRAL Pierre Antoine
Published: July 2022

Purpose:To evaluate the efficiency of endovascular therapy in hepatic artery stenosis.Methods:A retrospective review of all endovascular interventions for hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) after liver transplantation that occurred between June 2013 and November 2020 was performed at a single institution in France. The treatment consisted of dilation with a balloon or stent. We analyzed short-term (technical success and complications) and long-term outcomes (liver function, arterial patency, graft survival at 12 months (GS), and reintervention). We also compared percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PBA) with stent placement.A total of 18 stenoses were suspected on the basis of routine surveillance duplex ultrasound imaging (peak systolic velocity >200 cm/s, systolic accelerating time >10 ms and resistive index <0.5), all of which were confirmed by angio CT, but only 17 were confirmed by angiography.Results:Seventeen patients were included (14 males, mean age 57 years; and three females, mean age 58 years). Interventions were performed in 17 cases (95%) with PBA only (5/17), stent only (5/17) or both (4/17). In four cases no treatment was possible.Immediate technical success was 100%. Major complications occurred in 1 of 17 cases (5.8%), consisting of target vessel dissection. Follow up occurred from 1 month to 4 years (median 15 months). The analysis of the three (groups PBA only, stent only or both) showed the same procedural success (100%), GS (100%) and normal liver function after the procedures but different rates of complications (20% vs. 0% vs. 0%), arterial patency at 12 months (60% vs. 80% vs. 85%), early stenosis (40% vs. 80% vs. 0%) or late stenosis (60% vs. 20% vs. 100%) and requirement for reintervention (40% vs. 20% vs. 14%).Conclusion:PBA alone, stent placement only or both (PBA + stent) produced the same results in the treatment of HAS. The results may depend on the type of lesion and anatomy of the artery. Our study did not show any significant difference in prognosis between early and late stenosis. It is probably not a definitive answer, but these treatments are safe and effective for extending graft survival in the context of graft shortages.
Identification of castration-dependent and -independent driver genes and pathways in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
Authors: Li Yan , Shi Hui , Zhao Zhenjun , Xu Minghui
Published: July 2022

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in the world. PCa inevitably progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy treatment, and castration-resistant state means a shorter survival time than other causes. Here we aimed to define castration-dependent and -independent diver genes and molecular pathways in CRPC which are responsible for such lethal metastatic events. Methods: By employing digital gene expression (DGE) profiling , the alterations of the epididymal gene expression profile in the mature and bilateral castrated rat were explored. Then we detect and characterize the castration-dependent and -independent genes and pathways with two data set of CPRC-associated gene expression profiles publicly available on the NCBI.Results: We identified 1,632 up-regulated and 816 down-regulated genes in rat’s epididymis after bilateral castration. Differential expression analysis of CRPC samples compared with the primary PCa samples was also done. In contrast to castration, we identified 97 up-regulated genes and 128 down-regulated genes that changed in both GEO dataset and DGE profile, and 120 up-regulated genes and 136 down-regulated genes changed only in CRPC, considered as CRPC-specific genes independent of castration. CRPC-specific DEGs were mainly enriched in cell proliferation, while CRPC-castration genes were associated with prostate gland development. NUSAP1 and NCAPG were identified as key genes, which might be promising biomarkers of the diagnosis and prognosis of CRPC. Conclusions: Our study will provide insights into gene regulation of CRPC dependent or independent of castration and will improve understandings of CRPC development and progression.
Relationship between Remittances and Households’ Expenditures in Benin: ARDL Model Approach
Authors: Houessou Martial , Buysse Jeroen , Slosse Wannes
Published: July 2022

The current state of the art on the relationship between remittances and households’ expenditures has remained inconclusive. This study contributes to the debate by investigating this relationship both in the short and long run taking evidence from Benin. World Bank open data from 1974 to 2019 were analyzed using the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to cointegration model. The study found no long run relationship between remittances and households' expenditures. In the short run, the relationship is found to be positive and significant. This demonstrates that remittances received by households increase their expenditures only in the short run. Control variables such as official development assistance and trade openness used as are found to be negatively associated with households' expenditures. An increase of any of these, does not result to an increase in households’ expenditures both in short and long run. To conclude, the study recommends policymakers in countries like Benin to design and implement policies that encourage remittance inflows (among all other foreign capital inflows) and promote its efficient use by remittance-receiving households as it can contribute to poverty reduction.
Typology of dairy camel farms in the Ouargla region
Authors: Tidjani Yamina , Adamou Abdelkader
Published: July 2022

This study aims to characterize camel production systems in the Ouargla region, located in the northern part of the Algerian Sahara. Data were collected from 70 camel farmers using questionnaires. We studied the socioeconomic status of breeders; as well as herd structure and composition, breeding management, and dromedary products and income. Subsequently, a typology was established using multiple correspondence factorial analysis (MCA) and hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC), which identified four groups of farmers. The First group comprises 11 fattener breeders with low educational levels, having large or medium-sized meat herds with high commercial objectives. The second Group includes phoeniculture-camel farms that consist of 22 camel milk producers, 7 of whom were regular milk sellers. The third Group consists of 5 multi-active farmers; with a large market of young camels (for meat), hair, and milk. Fourth group is composed of 32 agro-breeders and public servants who maintain small herds with low commercial management.
Identification of Soil Fungi and Factors that Affect their Prevalence across Different Ecological niche of Mizan Tepi University, Tepi Campus
Authors: Tefera Tsion , Alemayehu Memar
Published: July 2022

Fungi have a role in the breakdown of organic matter and the delivery of nutrients to plants. Because Ethiopia's economy is based on agriculture, soil biology and soil microorganism must be thoroughly researched. The main objective of this research work was to isolate and identify fungi from the soil. The study was conducted at Mizan Tepi University, Tepi campus. An experimental study design was carried out to determine soil fungi. Soil samples were collected from three distinct sites (garden, construction, and forest sites of the campus). The samples were taken from near roots, at a depth of 10 cm and a weight of 300g. The soil collected from the gardens, forest, and construction site has deep black, black and red color respectively. Fungi were detected in a soil sample taken from construction site. The pH value of the three sites was found in the range of 5.5-5.8. In addition, the nitrogen content of garden, forest, and construction soil was 0.151%, 0.23%, and 0.0035% respectively. Besides, the phosphorus content of the soil sample was 4, 6, and 2 in garden, forest and construction sites respectively.
Risk factors for dexmedetomidine-associated bradycardia during spinal anesthesia: retrospective study
Authors: Ahn EunJin , Kim Hyo-Jin
Published: July 2022

Background: Sedation with dexmedetomidine is needed for patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. However, dexmedetomidine sedation increases the incidence of bradycardia. We aimed to identify and evaluate risk factors for bradycardia in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia with dexmedetomidine sedation.Methods: The records of 91 patients who underwent spinal anesthesia with sedation using dexmedetomidine were reviewed retrospectively. For this study, we identified 15 characteristics of included patients from this group who underwent lower leg surgery and had an estimated blood loss of <300 mL. We collected details on potential risk factors for bradycardia from their clinical records. These factors included age, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, height, weight, sensory level of spinal anesthesia, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, loading and maintenance dose of dexmedetomidine, tourniquet time, initial diastolic and systolic blood pressure, initial heart rate (HR), and anesthesia and surgery duration. The primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of bradycardia. We identified potential risk factors using logistic regression analysis.Results: The incidence of bradycardia was seen in 23 (25.3%) of 91 patients. Initial HR and tourniquet time were significant individual predictive factors for the occurrence of bradycardia. Logistic regression analysis showed that adjusted baseline HR and duration of tourniquet use were risk factors for bradycardia.Conclusion: Patients should be monitored when undergoing spinal anesthesia with sedation using dexmedetomidine for bradycardia when they have a long tourniquet time. A low initial HR could also be a predictive factor for bradycardia.
Development and experimental verification of C-arm camera shooting locator
Authors: Yang Jun , Yang Lin , JON TAE GYONG , Fang Zejun , Jin Peng , Hong Zhenghua , Ye Fei , Wang Jiawen
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study aimed to develop a self-made C-arm camera shooting locator and verify its accuracy and advantages. Methods: A total of 60 physicians and nurses from the Surgical System of Sanmen People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China, were randomly selected as filming operators. The C-arm machine with a self-made locator and a C-arm machine without a locator were used to measure the center of the circular plate. The iron nails were used to shoot. The distance between the iron nail and the center point of the circular display area on display was defined as the shooting deviation. When it was less than 3 cm, the shooting was stopped. The number of shots, total shooting time, and first-shot deviation in the C-arm camera shooting groups with and without the locator were statistically analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two were compared. Results: The average number of shots, average total shooting time, and average first-shot deviation of the C-arm camera using the locator were significantly better than those in the group without the locator, and the differences were statistically significant. When the shooting distance (X) was equal to 30 cm and the shooting angle (Y) was equal to 0°, the average number of shots, average total shooting time, and average first-shot deviation were optimal. Conclusions: The C-arm camera shooting locator can improve the shooting accuracy of the C-arm camera and effectively reduce the number of shots and total shooting time. Hence, it can be applied in clinical and surgical practice.
A Novel Mask Electrochemical Additive and Subtractive Combined Manufacturing Technique for Microstructures with High Machining Performance
Authors: Zhang Yan , Deng Xinhao , Wu Chuandong , Han Guofeng , Zhang Jie
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a novel mask electrochemical additive and subtractive combined manufacturing technique was proposed. This is a machining method at the atomic level, and it can be used to produce metal microstructures with high profile accuracy and low surface roughness. Due to the accumulation of electric field lines during mask electrochemical deposition, the height of the edges of the microcolumns is usually twice or more the height of the central position in the deposition plane. A combined machining method based on the electric-field constraint of the mask is thus proposed to improve the accuracy of the profile and its surface roughness. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by both simulations and experiment. The height difference between the column center and the surrounding layer on the surface of nickel microcolumns was reduced from 13 to 2 µm, and the roughness of the tops of the microcolumns was also improved. Experiments to examine electrolysis leveling were carried out to verify the correctness of the results of the simulations and theoretical calculations. Finally, the parameters were optimized using orthogonal experiments, and an array of nickel microcolumns with a diameter of 200 µm and a height of nearly 50 µm was obtained using these optimal parameters. The profile accuracy and surface roughness of the high-precision microcolumn array were improved by using the mask electrochemical additive and subtractive combined machining technique, and a high-precision microcolumn array structure was manufactured.
Nutrient resorption of two dominant species in response to grazing intensity in desert grassland
Authors: Zhao Qingge , Liu Chen , Wang Yunbo , Sun Hailian , Bisseling Ton , Han Guodong
Published: July 2022

Aims: Nutrition resorption in senescing leaves is critical mechanisms of nutrient preservation for the acclimatized plant especially in the barren desert steppe. As more frequent utilization of grassland resources in Inner Mongolia, the long-term grazing has a substantial impact on Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) cycling processes, and eventually disrupt the balance of nutrient supply and demand in desert grassland ecosystems.Methods: A two-year field experiment for Cleistogenes songorica (C. squarrosa) and Stipa breviflora (S. breviflora) was explored to determine the effects of grazing intensity on nutrient resorption using a 15-year continuous grazing platform in desert grasslands in northern China.Results: The N and P in mature leaves of C. squarrosa increased with moderate grazing and heavy grazing, while the P of mature leaves of C. squarrosa dropped with heavy grazing. S. breviflora showed a dissimilar response, as both moderate grazing and heavy grazing enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus resorption (N(P)RE) of S. breviflora, and the N(P)RE of C. squarrosa showed a trend consistent with it in moderate grazing but was reduced in heavy grazing. The variance in nutrient resorption was most strongly regulated by the N and P of mature and senescing leaves and soil moisture content.Conclusions: Our findings reveal that grazing intensity has essential effects on plant nutrient resorption in desert grasslands. Nutrient resorption is basically regulated by soil moisture content and mature leaf nutrition concentration. The short-term extreme weather, such as frost, may potentially cause irreversible alterations in plant nutrient resorption.
Thermal stable properties of solid hybrid nanoparticles for mixed convection flow with slip features
Authors: Lund Liaquat Ali , Yashkun Ubaidullah , Guedri Kamel , Khan Sami Ullah , Khan M. Ijaz , Kumam Poom
Published: July 2022

Hybrid nanofluid is a modified form of nanofluid which is beneficial for improving energy transfer efficiency. In current investigation, solid nanoparticles aluminum (ΦAl2O3) and copper (ΦCu) have been mixed with water to produce a new hybrid nanofluid. The investigation of a steady two-dimensional mixed convection boundary layer flow of the resultant hybrid nanofluid on a vertical exponential shrunk surface in the existence of porous, magnetic, thermal radiation, velocity, and thermal slip conditions is carried out. Exponential similarity variables are adopted to transform the nonlinear partial differential equation (PDEs) into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which has been then solved by employing the shooting method in Maple 2018 software. The obtained numerical results such as coefficient of skin friction f''(0), heat transfer rate -θ'(0), velocity f'(η) and temperature (θ(η)) distributions are presented in the form of different graphs. The results revealed that duality exists in solution when the suction parameter S ≥ Sci in assisting flow case. Due to non-uniqueness of solutions, a temporal stability analysis needs to be performed and the result indicates that the upper branch is stable and realizable compared to the lower branch.
A novel, rapid and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of ethanol in non- alcoholic beverages with pre-column derivatization and simultaneous UV and fluorescence detection
Authors: Albaseer Saeed S. , Dören László
Published: July 2022

Determination of the ethanol content in non-alcoholic beverages is driven by health concerns and is often imposed by regulating agencies. In this paper, we present the development of a simple and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of ethanol in Juices and beverages. Ethanol undergoes precolumn derivatization using 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl). The resulting derivative has the property that it can be detected using both UV and fluorescence detectors, which makes ethanol quantification in complex matrices more accessible. LOD and LOQ were 0.004 g/L and 0.01 g/L %, for fluorescence detector, and 0.15 g/L and 0.5 g/L, for UV detector, respectively. The mean recovery ranged from 98–109% with a relative standard deviation (RSD%) of 3.7%. This approach to ethanol determination is novel and the method is so sensitive that only a 100 µL sample volume is required and the reaction product (derivative) can be directly injected without extraction or pre-concentration. The resulting derivative has the property that it can be detected using both UV and fluorescence. Ethanol is usually determined by GC, thus, the present method serves as an alternative to current GC methods.
ETV4 mediated tumor-associated neutrophil recruitment promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Sen , Wang Hongjin , Xiao Kanghua , Lu Junlin , Chen Siting , Huang Ming , Xie Ruihui , Chen Xu , Lin Tianxin
Published: July 2022

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have been reported to aid tumor cells in metastasis. However, little is known whether TANs are involved in the most common malignancy of the urinary tract, bladder cancer. Here, we find that TANs infiltration is increased in LN-metastatic BCa and is associated with poor prognosis. Neutrophil depletion results in significant reduction in popliteal LN metastasis and lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, transcription factor ETV4 enhances BCa cells-derived CXCL1/8 to recruit TANs, leading to the increase of VEGFA and MMP9 from TANs, and then facilitating lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis of BCa. Moreover, phosphorylation of ETV4 at tyrosine 392 by tyrosine kinase PTK6 increases nuclear translocation of ETV4 and is essential for its function in BCa. Overall, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of how tumor cells regulate TANs-induced lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis, and identify ETV4 as a therapeutic target of LN metastasis in BCa.
Calcium isotopes as a biomarker for vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dosseto Anthony , Lambert Kelly , Hassan Hicham I. Cheikh , Borst Addison , Fuller Andrew , Dux Florian , Lonergan Maureen , Tacail Theo
Published: July 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem affecting ~10% of the global population. The largest contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD is cardiovascular disease, also the leading cause of death in those with kidney failure. One of the strongest predictors of cardiovascular risk is vascular calcification, however due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic tools it is not routinely screened. In this study, we investigate whether naturally occurring calcium (Ca) isotopes in serum or urine could be used as a non-invasive marker of vascular calcification in CKD. We recruited 28 controls, 9 participants with mild-moderate CKD, 22 undertaking dialysis and 19 who received a kidney transplant. While we found no significant association of urine Ca isotope composition between the different groups, Ca isotope compositions in serum were significantly different between groups (p<0.01). Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis shows that serum Ca isotopes are a very good diagnostic test for detecting medial calcification (AUC = 0.818, sensitivity 81.8% and specificity 77.3%, p<0.01) and perform better than existing biomarkers. As a minimally invasive diagnostic tool, serum Ca isotopes have the potential to be used as an early screening test for vascular calcification.
Genome-wide identification of Biotin Carboxyl Carrier subunits of Acetyl- CoA Carboxylase in Brassica and their role in stress tolerance in oilseed Brassica napus
Authors: Megha Swati , Wang Zhengping , Kav Nat N. V. , Rahman Habibur
Published: July 2022

Background
Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) is a subunit of Acetyl CoA-carboxylase (ACCase) which catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in a committed step during the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. Plant lipids, lipid metabolites, and lipid-metabolizing and -modifying enzymes are known to play a role in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this regard, an understanding of the Brassica napus BCCP genes would benefit the researchers to improve this oilseed crop for resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses.
Results
In this study, we identified 43 BCCP genes in five Brassica species based on published genome data. Among them, six, seven, seven, 10 and 13 BCCP homologs were identified Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica nigra, Brassica napus and Brassica juncea, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis categorized them into five classes, each with unique conserved domains. The promoter regions of all BCCP genes contained stress related cis-acting elements as determined by cis-element analysis. We identified four and three duplicated gene pairs (segmental) in B. napus and B. juncea respectively, indicating the role of segmental duplication in the expansion of this gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios of orthologous gene pairs between Arabidopsis thaliana and five Brassica species were mostly less than 1.0, implying that purifying selection, i.e., selective removal of deleterious alleles, played a role during the evolution of Brassica genomes. Analysis of 10 BnaBCCP genes using qRT-PCR showed a different pattern of expression because of exposure of the plants to biotic stresses, such as, clubroot and sclerotinia disease, and abiotic stresses such as drought, cold and salt.
Conclusions
The identification and function analysis of the Brassica BCCPs demonstrated that some of these genes might play an important role in biotic and abiotic stress responses. The results from this study could lay the foundation for better understanding of these genes for the improvement of Brassica crops for stress tolerance.
A Joint Learning Model to Extract Entities and Relations for Chinese Literature Based on Self-Attention
Authors: Liang Lixin , Lin E , Wen Wushao , Li Kun , Xu Qin , Huang Guoyan
Published: July 2022

Extracting structured information from massive and heterogeneous text is a hot research topic in the field of natural language processing. It includes two key technologies: named entity recognition (NER) and relation extraction (RE). However, previous NER models rarely consider about the influence of mutual attention among words in the text on the prediction of entity labels, and there are few researches on how to more fully extract sentence information for relational classification. In addition, previous researches treat NER and RE as a pipeline of two separated tasks, neglecting the connection between them. Moreover, these research works are mainly focused on English corpus. Motivated by this, we propose a Chinese NER method based on BiLSTM(Bidirectional Long-Short-Term-Memory)-Self-Attention-CRF(Conditional Random Fields), and a RE method based on BiLSTM-Multilevel-Attention in the field of Chinese literature. In particular, considering the relationship between NER and RE tasks in terms of word vector and context feature representation in the context of neural network, a joint learning method for these two tasks is proposed, which can jointly update the parameters of the shared module during the training process. Experimental results show that the proposed independently-trained NER and RE models achieve better performance than almost all previous methods, and the joint NER-RE training model outperforms each algorithm alone.
Authenticable medical image-sharing scheme based on embedded small shadow QR code and blockchain framework（China MM）
Authors: Wen Wenying , Jian Yunpeng , Fang Yuming , Zhang Yushu , Qiu Baolin
Published: July 2022

In the field of medical image content protection and security sharing, the introduction of blockchain technology has a problem in that the secret key may be lost and cannot be recovered. Therefore, this paper proposes an authenticable medical image-sharing scheme based on an embedded small shadow QR code and a blockchain framework. First, a small shadow image is obtained by employing a secret image-sharing method based on the Chinese remainder theorem. Then, the shadow image is embedded into a QR code with error correction. This not only ensures the security and integrity of the shadow image transmission in the public channel but also avoids the problem where the secret key is lost and cannot be recovered. Compared with some existing excellent schemes, our scheme adopts a hash bit stream for authentication purposes and employs smart contracts to authenticate and restore secret images, thus reducing the local load. In addition, experiments validate that the recovered secret medical image is lossless and that the cover QR code is more robust and secure. This method is suitable for medical image content protection and security sharing.
Effect of cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles isolated from IL-2 overexpression M14 melanoma cells on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro
Authors: Filin Ivan Y. , Kitaeva Kristina V. , Chulpanova Daria S. , Rizvanov Albert A. , Akhmetzyanova Elvira R. , Solovyeva Valeriya V.
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, immunotherapy, in particular immunotherapeutic vaccines, is a promising approach in the treatment of cancer which has already demonstrated its effectiveness. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are capable of delivering biologically active agents to the cells, can be a promising candidate for such vaccines. M-14 human melanoma cells were transduced with lentivirus encoding interleukin (IL)-2. Membrane vesicles from M-14 cells expressing IL-2 were isolated using cytochalasin B. The interaction of membrane vesicles with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been analysed. Activation of T-cells was shown, as well as a decrease in the number of NK cells, after cultivation with tumor-derived vesicles. However, no cytotoxic activity of T-cells after cultivation with tumor-derived vesicles was observed, which can be explained by their immunosuppressive properties. On the other hand, such vesicles can be a promising source of tumor-specific antigens for dendritic vaccines. Therefore, further studies are required in view of the possible use of tumor-derived vesicles as a target antigen for dendritic cells.
Spinal cord from body donors is suitable for multicolor immunofluorescence
Authors: REISSIG Lukas F. , CARRERO-ROJAS Genova , MAIERHOFER Udo , MOGHADDAM Atieh SEYEDIAN , HAINFELLNER Andreas , GESSLBAUER Bernhard , HAIDER Thomas , STREICHER Johannes , ASZMANN Oskar C. , PASTOR Angel M. , WENINGER Wolfgang J. , BLUMER Roland
Published: July 2022

Immunohistochemistry is a powerful tool to study neuronal tissue from humans at the molecular level. To obtain fresh neuronal tissue from human organ donors is difficult and sometimes impossible. In anatomical body donations, neuronal tissue is dedicated to research purposes and because of the easier availability, it may be an alternative source for research. In the present study, we harvested spinal cord from a single organ donor 2 hours (h) postmortem and spinal cord from body donors 24, 48, and 72 h postmortem and tested how long after death, valid multi-color immunofluorescence or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immunohistochemistry is possible. We used general and specific neuronal markers as well as glial markers to visualize different neurons. Here we showed that it is possible to visualize molecularly different neuronal elements with high precision in the body donor spinal cord 24h postmortem and the quality of the image data was comparable to those from the fresh organ donor spinal cord. High contrast multicolor images of 24h spinal cords allowed accurate automated quantification of different neuronal elements in the same sample. Although there was antibody specific signal reduction over postmortem intervals, the signal quality was acceptable for most antibodies at 48h but no longer at 72h postmortem. In conclusion, our study has defined a postmortem time window of more than 24h during which valid immunohistochemical information can be obtained from body donor spinal cord. Due to the easier availability, neuronal tissue from body donors is an alternative source for basic and clinical research.