bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of ultrasound and contrast enhanced ultrasound in superficial desmoid-type fibromatosis: A series of 19 cases
Authors: Xu Wen , Lv Kun , Huang Yunling , Wen Qing , Pan Minqiang , Huang Pintong
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to describe the characteristics of superficial desmoid fibromatosis (DF) using two-dimensional and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, intending to improve diagnostic accuracy. We retrospectively analyzed 19 cases of superficial DF confirmed by surgery or core-needle biopsy in our hospital from January 2018 to August 2020. All patients underwent two-dimensional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examination. Nineteen patients included 15 women and 4 men, with an average age of 33.37±12.13 years old. The mean size of lesions was 4.78±1.99 cm. On ultrasound, all lesions presented as solitary heterogeneous hypoechoic masses; 13 presented with ill-defined margins. Ten lesions (52.63%) presented with fusiform shapes, and 11 lesions (57.89%) presented with the “fascial tail” sign. CEUS suggested the tumors were hyperenhanced, with an enhanced pattern of rapid wash-in and slow wash-out. Four lesions (21.05%) showed an enlarged scope in the CEUS image compared with the grayscale ultrasound image. In conclusion, an ill-defined heterogeneous hyperechoic appearance with fusiform-shaped and “fascial tail” signs on US and heterogeneous hyperenhancement with an enlarged scope on CEUS are valuable clues in the diagnosis and treatment of superficial DF.
An IRT-based approach to assess the learning gain of a virtual reality lab students’ experience
Authors: Paxinou Evgenia , Kalles Dimitrios , Panagiotakopoulos Christos T. , Sgourou Argyro , Verykios Vassilios S.
Published: September 2021

The current trends in education for distance and personalized learning, calls for further investigation on the educational benefits of a Virtual Reality (VR) software, regarding laboratory science courses. In this study, we investigated the teaching effectiveness of a VR-oriented innovative method vs a more traditional pedagogical approach, by measuring the Pre-Post change, commonly called as Learning Gain (LG). An Item Response Theory model, The Rasch Model (RM), was used to assess the LG as the difference between the students’ ability before and after the educational treatment. The participants, (N= 54) graduate students enrolled in the Department of Primary Education, at the University of Patras, in Greece, were divided into two groups and followed two different scenarios to be educated on the topic of microscopy. Our findings provided evidence in favor of using simulations as a supplementary tool to the learning procedure. According to the LG analysis, the students that interacted with the VR software showed a higher change in ability, compared to their fellow students, who followed a more classic teaching methodology and obtained no LG between the Pre and Posttesting situation.
A method of constructing fuzzy implications from the FIφ-construction
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Li Kai
Published: September 2021

In the recent years, several new construction methods of fuzzy implications have been proposed. However, these construction methods actually care about that the new implication could preserve more properties. In this paper, we introduce a new method for constructing fuzzy implications based on an aggregation function with F (1,  0) =1, a fuzzy implication I and a non-decreasing function φ, called FIφ-construction. Specifically, some logical properties of fuzzy implications preserved by this construction are studied. Moreover, it is studied how to use the FIφ-construction to produce a new implication satisfying a specific property. Furthermore, we produce two new subclasses of fuzzy implications such as UIφ-implications and GpIφ-implications by this method and discuss some additional properties. Finally, we provide a way to generate fuzzy subsethood measures by means of FIφ-implications.
The effects of job demands and resources on turnover intention: The mediating roles of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization
Authors: Park Soo Kyung , Rhee Min-Kyoung , Lee Seon Woo
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Although job demands, supervisory support, and burnout have been identified as significant predictors of turnover intention, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms among these determinants. OBJECTIVE: Based on the job demand and resource (JD-R) model, this study examined the mediating roles of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. METHODS: Data were collected from private sector social workers in three metropolitan areas of South Korea (N = 316). Two serial multiple mediation analyses were conducted to examine the mediating effects of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in the relationships between job demands and turnover intention and between job resources and turnover intention, respectively. RESULTS: Job demands and resources were associated with turnover intention both directly and indirectly, through emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Whereas job demands were positively associated with emotional exhaustion only, job resources were negatively associated with both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The sequential link from emotional exhaustion to depersonalization was present in both job demands and in the resources models. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the importance of addressing potential burnout to effectively reduce turnover intention among social workers in South Korea. Implications and strategies for developing interventions and policies to reduce turnover by improving work environments are suggested.
The world of continents and oceans. In search of geographical answers
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogy of the NAES of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Chasnikova O. , Dovhan A. ,   Institute of Pedagogy of the NAES of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Посібник містить інформацію про особливості географії усіх материків та океанів, про їхні визначні природні, історичні та культурні пам’ятки. Питання географії розкрито коротко й зорієнтовано на власний пошук відповідей та виконання завдань, що потребують застосування здобутих на уроках знань і вмінь. У туристичних частинах яскраво та повно описано найцікавіші об’єкти та місця, особливості клімату, живого світу та людей, які населяють відповідні місцевості. Виклад матеріалу супроводжується численними яскравими ілюстраціями. Книга призначена для учнівства 7 класу та учительства закладів загальної середньої освіти як джерело додаткової інформації, завдань та для розширення світогляду всіх, хто цікавиться нашою планетою та мандрами.
Evaluation of Hip Frontal Plane Flexibility and Strength in Male Sprinter Runners With Unilateral Patellofemoral Arthropathy: A Case-Control Study
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Masoudi Pezhman , Mansour Sohani Soheil ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Amiri Ali ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: Patellofemoral Arthropathy (PFA) is the most common knee disorder in runners and various factors can lead to the development of its symptoms. It has been proposed that frontal plane motions of the hip and knee can raise the dynamic quadriceps angle during functional tasks. The aim of this study was to evaluate frontal plane acting hip muscle flexibility and strength differences in male sprinter runners with unilateral PFA. Methods: A total of 38 male runners complaining of peripatellar pain or showing positive unilateral patellar grind test, assigned to the normal and sound legs, and 20 matched control groups were compared in this case-control study. Participants’ hip abductor and adductor muscles strength and their flexibility were evaluated through a hand-held dynamometer and 2D motion analysis tracker software. To measure the strength, participants were positioned side-lying position, performing abduction and adduction, while a dynamometer was placed on the lateral and medial femoral epicondyle. Active and passive abduction and adduction range of motion were recorded via a camera in the supine position and the film was analyzed by the software. Results: Abductor muscle strength and abduction-to-adduction ratio on the involved side were significantly lower than the uninvolved side (P=0.029, P=0.008, d=-0.388, d=-0.459), while greater adduction and lower abduction to adduction ratio were found in the control group (P<0.001, F=3.599). Also, lesser passive abduction and active adduction range of motion were found in the control group on both sides (P<0.001, F=2.792, F=8.979). Conclusion: Strength changes of the involved side compared with uninvolved side and less flexible side, but more probably inhibited and stronger adductors in the control group may suggest impaired muscular interaction based on frontal plane muscles torque/length curve function in unilateral PFA. Changes in the strength of the involved side compared to the healthy side and the adductor muscles with more flexibility and strength but more inhibited by the abductor’s muscles in the control group could indicate.
Do Psychological Factors, Pain, and Sleep Quality Correlate With Disability and Occupational Performance in Hand Burns?
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Khanipuor Mahnoosh , Lajevardi Laleh ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Taghizadeh Ghorban ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: Burn injuries are one of the most common traumas after traffic accidents, falls, and interpersonal violence. This study was done to investigate the correlation between psychological factors, pain, and sleep quality, and disability and occupational performance in subjects with hand and upper extremity burns. Methods: A total of 80 patients with hand and upper extremity burn injuries (16 females and 64 males) with a Mean±SD age of 39.9±10.79 years, mean burn depth (Deep Partial Thickness/ Full Thickness) of 3.42±2.66, and Mean±SD burns extent 1.06±0.24 participated in this non-experimental cross-sectional study using a non-probability sampling method. Their psychological disorders were measured using the Beck Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. The pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale, sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), disability was assessed using the Shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire, level of independence in daily living activity was measured by the Modified Barthel Index, and occupational performance was measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Results: Psychological factors, pain, and sleep quality were significantly correlated with disability and occupational performance. The regression models explained up to 34.4% of the variance for disability outcome and 12.4% for occupational performance. By assessing the correlation between the psychological disorders, pain, and sleep quality, and disability and occupational performance in these patients, we found that sleep quality was the strongest contributing factor Followed by PSQI. Conclusion: Sleep quality is one of the important factors affecting the occupational performance of patients with hand and upper extremity burns injury that should be considered by therapists.
COVID-19 Impact on the Rehabilitation of People With Disabilities Using Prosthetic and Orthotic Devices
Authors:   Department of Prosthetics & Orthotics, Composite Regional Centre for Skill Development, Rehabilitation, and Empowerment of Persons With Disabilities, Kozhikode, Kerala, India., Kumar Akshay , Vinita Vinita ,   Pace Rehabilitation, Research, and Artificial Limb Centre, Kozhikode, Kerala.
Published: September 2021

N/A
Changes in the Expression of SGO1 and SGO1-AS1 Genes in Colorectal Tumor Tissues, Compared to Healthy Tissues
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran., Asad Samani Mojtaba , Peymani Maryam ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: The protein encoded by the SGO1 gene is a member of the shugoshin family of proteins and protects the centromere during mitosis. lncRNAs are non-coding RNA with 200 nucleotides lengths, i.e., involved in regulating gene expression. The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of SGO1 and SGO1-AS1 in different stages of disease progression; we also compared their expression pattern in tumor tissues with healthy tissues in colorectal cancer patients. Methods & Materials: In total, 40 tissue samples of patients with colorectal cancer were reported according to the examination and criteria with the approval of a pathologist. Besides, 40 normal tissues were sampled from a completely healthy part of the intestine of the same patients. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the Real-time RT-PCR technique was used to evaluate the expression of the desired genes in the study groups. ROC curve analysis was also used to determine the ability of each selected gene to diagnose the disease. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahrekord Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.SHKREC.1398.020). Results The obtained data suggested that SGO1 significantly decreased in the colorectal cancer tumor samples (P<0.001) and SGO1-AS1 LncRNA significantly increased expression, compared to adjacent healthy tissues. Additionally, in the age group of below 60 years, compared to the age group of over 60 years, SGO1 expression increased and SGO1-AS1 expression decreased. Based on the AUC obtained from the ROC diagram, it was found that the SGO1 gene with AUC=0.8041 and SGO1-AS1 with AUC=0.6364 could significantly distinguish a healthy population from patients with colorectal cancer. Conclusion: According to the collected results, SGO1 -AS1 and SGO1 were significantly reduced and increased in tumor tissue, respectively; however, only the SGO1 gene was introduced as a good marker for diagnosing colorectal cancer.
Evaluating Specivity, Sensitivity, Positive and Negative Predictive Values of CA125 for Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer
Authors:   Department of General Practitioner, School of Medical Shahid Babaee, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran., Fini Elahe , Nasirian Neda ,   Department of Pathobiology, Shahid Babaei School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Hosein Beigy Bahram ,   Department of Parasitology, Shahid Babaei School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Ovarian cancer is among the most common cancers in women worldwide. CA125 is the most frequent biomarker used in the screening for ovarian cancer. CA125 has no high sensitivity and specificity as a screening test in the medical community; however, because of being simple and noninvasive, it is almost always requested for evaluation and ruling out cancer. It plays an important role in the treatment and post-treatment process, the prediction of prognosis, and the relapse of the disease. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between a high level of CA125 tumor marker and ovarian cancer by detecting spesivity, sensivity, positive and negative predictive values. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, all cases undergoing CA125 test in Velayat Hospital in 2017-1028 were evaluated for having ovarian cancer. In addition, the CA125 level was compared between healthy individuals and patients with ovarian cancer. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS. Ethical Considerations: The present study was approved by the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Ethics Code: IR.QUMS.REC.1396.316). Results: In this study, 35.3% of the study participants received a definite diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Generally, CA125 values were negative in 41.8% and positive in.58.2% of the study subjects. The sensitivity of the test was measured as 80.1%, the specivity as 53.6%, the positive predictive value equaled 48.4%, and the negative predictive value was measured as 83%. There was a significant relationship between age and the presence of ovarian cancer, and serum CA125 levels. Conclusion: The present study suggested that age and the serum level of CA125 were statistically significant. Finally, CA125 levels were significantly related to ovarian cancer. It provided moderate specivity and specivity as well as low positive predictive value and high negative predictive value as a tumor marker; it is valuable for ruling out of tumor but not appropriate as a screening test.
The Antioxidant Effects of Ginger Extract on Bioavailability and Oxidative Stress-induced Apoptosis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Human Adipose Tissue and Rat Bone Marrow
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Shahrekord Branch, University of Islamic Azad, Shahrekord, Iran., Dehghani Sahar , Rouhi Leila ,   Department of Biochemistry, Shahrekord Branch, University of Islamic Azad, Shahrekord, Iran., Ziya Jahromi Noosha ,   Department of Biochemistry, Shahrekord Branch, University of Islamic Azad, Shahrekord, Iran., Dehghani Reza ,   Department of Biochemistry, Shahrekord Branch, University of Islamic Azad, Shahrekord, Iran., Khashei Varnamkhasti Khalil ,   Department of Biochemistry, Shahrekord Branch, University of Islamic Azad, Shahrekord, Iran.,   Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Islamic Azad, Kazerun, Iran.
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Proliferate potential differentiate into different cell lineages and high self-renewal of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs); thus, they are ideal tools for regenerative medicine. However, a leading problem is an oxidative stress in the target tissue and the apoptosis of transplanted stem cells before tissue repair. The pretreatment of stem cells with antioxidants may make them resistant to oxidative stress. Ginger is the main medicinal plant with antioxidant properties. This study explored the antioxidant effects of ginger extract on bioavailability and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow examined. Methods & Materials: In this study, human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow were cultured in a DMEM medium with 20% FBS. The explored cells were incubated for 4 and 6 hours for pretreatment with different concentrations of ginger extract (50, 100, 200, & 400 mg/mL); then, they were treated with 200 μM H2O2 for 2 hours. Bioavailability was analyzed by ELISA reader using an MTS kit and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit into the manufacturer’s protocol at both times. The obtained data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Research Committee of Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.SHK.REC.1397.028). Results: The MTS results indicated a dose- and time-dependent manner increase in the bioavailability of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal treated stem cells. Ginger extract treatment also dose- and time-dependently decreased the rate of apoptosis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion: Ginger extract, by reducing the oxidative stress in mesenchymal stem cells, elevates their lifespan in the target tissue, and increases the efficiency of these cells in tissue regeneration.
Predicting Resilience Based on Dark Triad Personality and Psychological Wellbeing in Athletes Students
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Bagheri Sheykhangafshe Farzin , Abolghasemi Abbas ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanity Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Kafi  Masouleh Seyyed Mousa ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanity Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: The concept of resilience has been recently extensively considered concerning sports studies; accordingly, in most qualitative studies, it has been used to explore the attitudes of coaches, athletes, and sports psychologists. In this regard, the present study aimed to determine resilience in athletic students based on dark triad personality and psychological wellbeing. Methods & Materials: This was a descriptive and correlational study. The population of the study consisted of all male students of Guilan University of Physical Education in the first semester of the academic year 2019-2020. A sample of 200 individuals was selected by convenience sampling method; then, the required data were collected using Sheard et al.’s (2009) Resilience Scale for Adults, Jonsson and Webster’s Dark Triad Personality Questionnaire, and Ryff’s 18-item Psychological Wellbeing Scale (1989). The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by Research Ethics Committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.GUMS.REC.1398.121). Results: The present research results suggested a positive and significant correlation between the resilience of the examined athletic students and narcissism (r=0.495, P<0.001), self-acceptance (r=0.598, P<0.001), purposefulness in life (r=0.556, P<0.001), personal growth (r=0.648, P<0.001), the mastery of the environment (r=0.645, P<0.001), positive correlation with others (r=0.569, P<0.001), and independence (r=0.381, P<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between antisocial behavior (r=-0.557, P<0.001) and Machiavelli’s aspect (r=-0.604, P<0.001), and the explored students’ resilience. Additionally, multiple regression analysis data revealed that dark triad personality and psychological wellbeing predict 62% of resilience in the study subjects. Conclusion: The current investigation results signified a significant correlation between dark triad personality and psychological wellbeing, and resilience in athletic students. Accordingly, educators and teachers need to pay more attention to the role of psychological wellbeing and different dimensions of athletes’ personalities for promoting the health and performance of students.
Comparing the Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Multidimensional Pain Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Goodarzi Nasrin , Peymani Javid ,   Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Ashayeri Hasan ,   Department of Psychology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Meschi Farahnaz ,   Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Sabet Mehrdad ,   Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran., Akbari Mohammad-Esmaeil ,   Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: In every age of history, human beings have been afflicted with the fear of disease. Undoubtedly, cancer is among the most concerning diseases; cancer pain is among the major pains. The present study aimed to compare the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on multidimensional pain symptoms in patients with breast cancer. Methods & Materials: The present study was applied concerning the purpose and applied a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, a two-month follow-up, and control group design. The statistical population was all women with breast cancer referring to Tehran Cancer Research Center in 2018 who were selected by convenience sampling method, consisting of 30 patients. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and the control group. The repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the obtained data. The research instrument was a multidimensional pain questionnaire (West Hyun-Yale) to evaluate multiple pain indices. Results: The current study results suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were effective on pain experience (P<0.001); however, there was no significant difference between the intervention groups respecting pain experience. Conclusion Based on the present research findings, cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy impacted the management and pain intensity of patients with breast cancer.
Numero di casi di epatite acquisiti in infortuni sul lavoro in Brasile tra il 2009 e il 2018
Authors: Almeida Naara Perdigão Cota de , Lima Araújo Idelbrando Araújo , Azevedo Lucas do Rêgo Góes , Martins Romulo Maia , Magalhães Gustavo Aurélio Linhares , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: September 2021

L’epatite virale è un grave problema di salute pubblica nel mondo e in Brasile. Si tratta di malattie di notifica obbligatoria istituite dal Ministero della Salute brasiliano (MS). Le registrazioni delle persone colpite dovrebbero essere effettuate nel sistema informativo sulle malattie notificabili (SINAN), che dovrebbe notificare tutti i casi probabili, confermati e focolai. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è quantificare il numero di casi di epatite acquisiti in infortuni sul lavoro in Brasile tra il 2009 e il 2018. Si tratta di uno studio è un’analisi quantitativa osservazionale retrospettiva dei dati epidemiologici indagati. In questo senso, la ricerca è stata condotta nelle banche dati del portale nazionale DATASUS (https://datasus.saude.gov.br/). Esiste un contributo efficace degli infortuni sul lavoro agli attuali tassi di incidenza dell’epatite virale in Brasile, nonché alla riduzione della qualità della vita dei lavoratori, in particolare quelli della salute. Le incongruenze tra i dati epidemiologici registrati in SINAN e gli studi in letteratura possono dimostrare la presenza di sottosegnalazione. A causa della relativa scarsità e contraddizione degli studi, non esiste un profilo ben consolidato per la contaminazione nei servizi sanitari e vi è la necessità di ulteriori studi sull’argomento.
CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Fajari Laksmi Evasufi Widi
Published: September 2021

Purpose – This study aimed to examine elementary school students’ critical thinking skills and their impact.   Methodology – This research was a qualitative case study. The subjects of this study were 29 fifth-grade students and three teachers at an elementary school, chosen by a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and critical thinking skills tests with open description types. The data validation technique used triangulation, applied to the study’s methods, sources, and theories. The data analytical framework of this research employed Milles and Hubberman's (1994) interactive analysis model with the following stages: data validity, data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.   Findings – Based on the research result analysis and discussion, only 10% of students whose scores were above the minimum completeness criteria from the school, and the class average only reached 50 out of 100. The scores on each indicator of critical thinking skills from the highest to the lowest, respectively, were inference with an average of 70, analysis with an average of 63, interpretation with an average of 56, and explanations with an average of 50. This low critical thinking skill was caused by students' mistakes in answering the test questions. This research concluded that elementary school students’ critical thinking skills were still very low and caused by student factors: (a) students’ answers were not systematic; (b) students identified questions incorrectly and simply summarized the questions, then using them as answers directly; (c) misconception; (d) students relied on memory, not understanding. Meanwhile, the teacher factors comprised: (a) the learning model used by the teachers was dominant in the direct learning model with the lecture method; (b) the problem description provided was not familiar for students; (c) the problem and its resolution strategy offered did not make the students understand; (d) the teachers did not understand the material, lacked expertise in delivering the material, and used the textbook as the only source of information and delivery content.   Significance – The study results indicated that the elementary school students’ critical thinking skills were still low due to several factors. These factors were originating mainly from the students and teachers themselves. The implication is that the school needs to pay more attention to strategies to improve and develop students' critical thinking skills in the future. The findings can be used as a reference point when considering the planning of effective strategies to improve the teaching and learning of critical thinking skills in elementary schools.
Identifying Automotive Industry Trends: Data Mining from Intellectual Property Databases
Authors: Csizmazia Roland Attila
Published: September 2021

Patents protect the patent holders in that the patented process, design and invention can only be used or sold by the holder exclusively. Therefore, manufacturers use patents to gain a competitive edge against the competition. A patent analysis discovers which car parts are considered the most for future development in the automotive sector. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze major trends and the potential implementation of patents. Furthermore, the research may reveal in detail the common R&D trends within a certain industry, differences among the major representative manufacturers and support to identify feasible future strategies for lagers. The patent analysis will be launched with the data collection from a patent database. To avoid the extensive computing time in R, only each patent document's abstract is deployed for the research. After data cleansing, the term frequency-inverse document frequency algorithm is used to find the keywords in the patent abstracts. To visualize results, the social network analysis is conducted. It identifies trends and relationships among the mapped keywords. The discovered major keywords constitute the graphs of the most important parts related to each other and are considered for the future.
PENGALAMAN IBU MENIKAH DINI YANG GAGAL MEMBERIKAN ASI EKSKLUSIF
Authors: Hidayah Seventina Nurul , Chikmah Adevia Maulidya , Baroroh Umi
Published: September 2021

Selama pemberian ASI banyak alasan yang disampaikan ibu untuk tidak menyusui bayinya.Â Â  Pernikahan dini yang disertai dengan ketidaksiapan memberikan pola asuh yang baik akan berdampak pada status gizi anak terutama pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan terbaik bagi bayi setelah lahir yang mengandung nutrisi paling lengkap untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi. ASI juga memiliki manfaat dalam mencegah terjadinya infeksi pada bayi. Namun, pemberian ASI Eksklusif masih terbilang rendah. Rendahnya cakupan menyusui dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, baik internal maupun eksternal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman ibu menikah dini yang tidak berhasil memberikan ASI Eksklusif di wilayah Puskesmas Tegal Barat.Penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode wawancara semistruktur dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Wawancara dilakukan kepada 3 orang partisipan yang memiliki anak usia 6-12 bulan di Wilayah Puskesmas Tegal Barat. Sampel diambil menggunakan purposive sampling (variasi maksimal). Pernyataan responden dicatat dengan menggunakan perekam suara, dan kemudian ditranskipkan, dikodekan, ditafsirkan, dan dikategorikan, sehingga dapat membentuk tema.Hasil penelitian didapatkan lima tema, yaitu pengetahuan mengenai ASI Eksklusif, faktor yang menghambat keberhasilan ASI Eksklusif, peran tenaga kesehatan, cara yang dilakukan ibu untuk menambah produksi ASI dan makanan yang diberikan ibu untuk MPASI dini. Kesimpulan : Ketidakberhasilan pemberian ASI Eksklusif dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor yaitu pengetahuan ibu yang kurang, terjadinya rawat pisah, rendahnya frekuensi menyusui langsung, terjadinya sindrom ASI kurang, pemberian susu formula sebelum ASI, pemberian MPASI dini dan penggunaan KB. Â Kata kunci : Ketidakberhasilan, ASI Eksklusif
Comunicação no ensino, na aprendizagem e na atividade profissional do professor de Matemática: implicações da Didática Profissional (DP)
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Ceará, departamento de Matemática e Física, Brasil, Vieira Alves Francisco Regis , Acioly-Régnier Nadja Maria ,   École Supérieure du Professorat et de l’Éducation de l’Académie de Lyon, França
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta uma discussão sobre a comunicação, sobre sua relevância estratégica, tanto no ensino e na aprendizagem, todavia, com ênfase declarada pelo papel e atividade do professor de Matemática. De fato, registramos vários trabalhos no Brasil que abordam as interações comunicativas necessárias para a transmissão do saber matemático, entretanto, pouco se menciona sobre a aprendizagem do professor de Matemática, diante de situações profissionais e a aquisição de habilidades adequadas para uma significativa troca de interações comunicativas com os estudantes. Dessa forma, ao assumir determinados pressupostos e um viés de análise amparado pela vertente francesa da Didática Profissinal (DP), o trabalho discute a noção de competência profissional do professor e o emprego de gestos profissionais imprescindíveis para o desempenho de qualquer atividade laboral. Por fim, se registra um exemplo no ensino de Matemática, relativamente à noção de integral generalizada, em que, as interações comunicativas são condicionadas pela interação com a tecnologia e uso de software e se constata a ocorrência de gestos que carregam e transmitem o significado de conceitos científicos matemáticos.
Experiencias de aprendizaje en YouTube, un análisis durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Vera Balderas Seira , Moreno Tapia Javier
Published: September 2021

La migración de una educación presencial a una virtual debido a la contingencia sanitaria que se vive en el mundo a causa del coronavirus trajo consigo grandes retos, para enfrentarlos, las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) representan un elemento clave para los alumnos que utilizan los espacios que han generado para aprender más allá del aula. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los usos que los estudiantes de una universidad pública en México dan a YouTube durante la pandemia ocurrida en el año 2020 por el COVID-19, e identificar los usos educativos que dan a la herramienta en espacios formales y no-formales de aprendizaje. El enfoque del estudio fue cuantitativo y se utilizó como instrumento para la recolección de los datos un cuestionario elaborado en Google Forms, el cual fue aplicado a 149 estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes usan YouTube de manera frecuente para adquirir conocimientos vinculados con diferentes ámbitos de su vida, recuperando aprendizajes valiosos. Se concluye que los estudiantes reconocen a YouTube como un espacio alternativo de aprendizaje, el cual puede ser implementado como recurso en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la educación formal.
Percepción de empleadores y egresados sobre el programa de Seguridad y Políticas Públicas de la UACJ
Authors: Valles Devora Guadalupe  , Martínez Almanza María Teresa
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo emerge del interés de profundizar en las percepciones de los egresados y empleadores del área de seguridad pública, privada e industrial sobre el perfil profesional del programa académico en Seguridad y Políticas Públicas. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis estudiantes de los últimos semestres y ocho empleadores de distintas empresas. Los resultados revelan que, gracias a la difusión por medios digitales que tiene la universidad, sí existe un grado de conocimiento del programa, sin embargo, existen retos a los que se enfrentan los egresados, entre ellos el dominio del idioma inglés. Se concluye que el programa cuenta con las bases que permiten a los universitarios posicionarse en puestos gerenciales donde aplicarán los conocimientos obtenidos durante su proceso formativo dentro de la licenciatura.
INNOVATION SKILL DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF TEACHING PROGRAMMING TO CHILDREN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE STEM EDUCATION
Authors:   Uludag University, Turkey, Uzun Adem
Published: September 2021

Innovation is one of the most popular topics in today’s education environments. STEM education aims to improve innovation skills of students. This study explores three programming tools that can be used to teach basic programming concepts to children in the context of STEM education. Also, it is discussed innovation skill development potential of these tools. Key words: education environments, interdisciplinary approach, STEM education.
A STUDY ON SCIENCE EDUCATION IN ITALY
Authors:   Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy, Brianzoni Virginia ,   Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy, Cardellini Liberato
Published: September 2021

Within the European Project “PROFILES”, a study on science education has been carried out. The opinion of different stakeholders has been taken into account and in Italy almost 200 participants have answered questionnaire concerning several aspects of teaching. The results have shown that scientific literacy should be based mainly on the development of communication skills/personality and on the improvement of intellectual skills. The study has highlighted that approaches judged more effective are not really common in the current educational panorama. Key words: inquiry-based science, science education, PROFILES.
THE ROLE OF GAME ELEMENTS IN CHEMISTRY ACQUIREMENT
Authors:   Ventspils Secondary School No 6, Ventspils, Latvia, Lesina Emilija , Kalnina Sandra ,   Ventspils Secondary Evening School, Ventspils, Latvia
Published: September 2021

The method of a game as a tool in teaching Chemistry is described in the paper. The example is given based on a lesson fragment where the elements of a game are used by elementary school pupils who can acquire the skills of using solubility table by learning to compose the formulas of chemical substances. The method allows pupils to understand the structure of substances and secure their skills to use the solubility table practically. Therefore, it is easier to learn Chemistry in the future. Key words: chemistry, game as a tool, solubility table, formulas of chemical substances.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN SCHOOLS OF LATVIA
Authors:   Riga Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy, Riga Latvia, Porozovs Juris , Migleniece Anita ,   Riga Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy, Riga Latvia, Voita Daina ,   Riga Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy, Riga Latvia, Valdemiers Alvis ,   Riga Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy, Riga Latvia
Published: September 2021

Modern education is closely connected with implementation and using of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the teaching process. The questionnaire of teachers and directors of Latvia schools was carried out in order to evaluate the situation of ICT in schools and the attitude of school pedagogues toward this process. The results of the questionnaire showed that supply of schools with modern ICT in Latvia is not sufficient. The respondents expressed their views: what are the main obstacles of effective implementation of ICT in the study process and what are the priority challenges in the implementation of ICT in schools. Key words: information and communication technologies, schools, implementation, teachers, directors.
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM IN TERMS OF ITS CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN THE CONTEXT OF SUBMICROSCOPIC, MACROSCOPIC AND SYMBOLIC INTERPRETATION BY LEARNERS
Authors:   Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia, Prokša Miroslav , Haláková Zuzana ,   Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia, Drozdíková Anna ,   Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
Published: September 2021

The research was focused on solving the following research question: What is the depth and breadth of 16-year-old learners' knowledge of the chemical equilibrium in Slovakia? The main aim of our research was to find out the conceptual understanding of this part of chemistry in the context of submicroscopic, macroscopic and symbolic representations. A special research tool, which consisted of five sets of tasks, was created for this research. The research included a sample of 473 children. The results indicate that knowledge is more at the level of memory reproduction and algorithmic use. Learners have been facing a problem with the conceptual understanding of the given concept. Keywords: chemical equilibrium, submicroscopic, macroscopic and symbolic interpretation, conceptual understanding.
WRITING VERSUS TYPING IN THE BIOLOGY CLASSROOM: A CASE STUDY IN SLOVENIA
Authors:   University of Maribor, Slovenia, Kordigel Aberšek Metka
Published: September 2021

The act of writing is a complex cognitive process, relying on perceptual sensorimotor combinations (Mangen et. all, 2015). Writing is the process of externalizing the content of our thinking, what we know, what we think, what we feel … Writing always involves the skilful handling of mechanical/technical devices, and necessarily results in a visuographic representation: some kind of readable text in a form of letters or symbols (Mangen, Velay, 2010). The neuroscientific research points out writing is a process that requires the integration of visual, proprioceptive (haptics/kinaesthetic) and tactile information in order to be accomplished (Fogassi, Gallese, 2004). The acquisition of writing skills of previous generations involved a perceptual component, learning the shape of the letter, and a graphomotor component, learning the trajectory producing the letters shape (van Gallen, 1991) – the process, that is probably going to change with the Generation Z.
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS AT UNIVERSITY: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UNDERSTANDING, INTEREST AND CAREER ASPECTS
Authors:   Šiauliai University, Lithuania, Lamanauskas Vincentas , Augienė Dalia ,   Šiauliai University, Lithuania
Published: September 2021

Scientific research activity (SRA) is a constituent part of university studies. It is very important that this activity was consequently developed, and that the students acquired necessary research activity competencies. On the other hand, scientific research activity realises the essential teacher preparation paradigm direction – towards research based teacher education. On the basis of two qualitative research, a comparative analysis was carried out, seeking to analyse how differ positions of two study field students, pre-service teachers in respect of scientific research activity. In the research participated 84 pre-service teachers of natural sciences and 90 pre-service teachers of social sciences. The research was carried out between February and March, 2016. Research results show, that these two group students’ position in respect of SRA significantly differs. Keywords: comparative analysis, science education, scientific research activity, university students.
Mental Health Impact of Gender-Based Violence Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Opanasenko Anna , Lugova Halyna , Mon Aye Aye , Ivanko Olesya
Published: September 2021

Gender-based violence (GBV) and poor mental health have received particular attention among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and researchers amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents a review of available literature to understand the dynamics of GBV and its mental health impact in the context of COVID-19. Confinement and control by abusive partners, social and economic disruption, and restricted access to healthcare services were identified as the main contributing factors of GBV. The paper elaborates on the contribution of broader socioeconomic determinants of health as well as cultural and societal factors of victimization in shaping GBV by placing specific populations or individuals in a more vulnerable position within the society based on their gender. Socioeconomic determinants included socioeconomic status, education, migration and racial, ethnic, or gender-based minoritisation. Cultural and societal factors of victimization are mostly related to gender-based structural power discrepancies and communication patterns. Evidence suggests a complex relationship between COVID-19 specific stressors, such as health anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty, GBV, and mental health issues. COVID-19 stressors might directly trigger the mechanism of aggression and cause physical or psychological violence and associated mental health implications in victims, or it might be mediated by pre-existing mental health issues experienced by perpetrators.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.17-25
Exploring public awareness and spreading pattern analysis of COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Jamal , Ahmmed Foyez , Kuddus Md Ruhul , Alam Safaet , Rahman SM Abdur
Published: September 2021

Background: The highly transmissible coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has plagued the worldwide population with a continuous upward thrust of the death toll, which might be related to insufficient knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral (KAB) score, and public awareness.
Objective: The current research sought to explore public awareness in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral responses toward COVID-19 and analyze its spreading pattern during the embryonic phase in Bangladesh.
Methods: From March 19 to April 15 of 2020, seventeen planned questions were answered by the Bangladeshi respondents recruited through a simple snowball sampling technique. Informed consent from each participant was taken in the survey.
Results: Out of the total participants (n = 1861), 34.65% were female, and 40.83% had an education level up to Junior School Certificate (JSC). Among all the demographic variables, the highest average knowledge, attitudes and behaviors scores (mean ± SD) were reported for 18- 30 years age group (4.07 ± 1.01 out of 5; 95% confidence interval, [CI] = 4.01-4.13; p< 0.001), above 50 years age group (1.70 ± 0.64 out of 3; 95% CI = 1.59-1.80; p< 0.001), and bachelor or higher degree group (2.64 ± 0.83 out of 4; 95% CI = 2.57-2.70, p< 0.001), respectively. It was clearly depicted that the obtained knowledge score was associated with poor attitudes and behaviors.
Conclusion: Education on basic health sciences as well as overwhelming campaign and publicity must be pointed at enhancing KAB scores towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.108-117