bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remembering Dorothy Cotton, 1930–2018
Authors: Siegel Lauren
Published: February 2020

Civil rights pioneer Dorothy Foreman Cotton passed away on June 10, 2018, in Ithaca, New York, at the age of eighty-eight. On August 11, 2018, a Saturday afternoon, around seven hundred community members, friends, and local and national leaders gathered at Cornell University’s Bailey Hall to celebrate her life. Cotton was the highest-ranking woman in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) throughout the 1960s. She devoted her life to liberation and social justice. Remembered by many as an iconic feminist and grassroots innovator, she led an extraordinary life that undoubtedly transformed the lives of African Americans fighting for full citizenship and justice. Cotton was critical in opposing economic and social regimes of power, but she also ushered in a new sense of individual and collective subjectivity through political participation and mobilization in southern Black communities. Throughout her life, she reminded ordinary people of their vast power to effect change and transform society.
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: A Disease or Merely a Phenotype?
Authors: Protonotarios Alexandros
Published: February 2020

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a clinical entity that has evolved conceptually over the past 30 years. Advances in cardiac imaging and the introduction of genetics into everyday practice have revealed that AC comprises multiple phenotypes that are dependent on genetic or acquired factors. In this study, the authors summarise the approach to the identification of the AC phenotype and its underlying causes. They believe that AC represents a paradigm for personalised medicine in cardiology and that better stratification of the disease will enhance the development of mechanism-based treatments.
Detection of Oral Entamoeba Gingivalis and Trichomonas Tenax in Adult Quilombola Population with Periodontal Disease
Authors: Alves Araújo Rosa MsC Jamille , Dos Santos Fernandez Matheus , Soares Vieira PhD Igor , Riscala Madi PhD Rubens , Moura de Melo PhD Cláudia , Costa da Cunha Oliveira DDS, PhD Cristiane
Published: February 2020

The objective was to analyze the periodontal condition severity and the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity of an adult population of an Afrodescent Community of northeastern Brazil. This is an observational and cross-sectional study performed through an oral clinical examination, using a standardized clinical record. For the subjects with periodontal disease, the bacterial biofilm was collected in a Petri dish containing 0.9% physiological solution to detect the presence of microorganisms Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax, and later observed under an optical microscope. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the prevalence of periodontal disease and the frequency of the protozoa in the bacterial biofilm. Statistical significance of the relationships researched was verified by Fisher's exact test. It was evaluated 29 subjects pertaining to the Quilombola Patioba community, aged 35 to 44 years. The results showed that among the adults of the community, there was a high prevalence of periodontal disease (75.86%), being higher in the 1st and 6th sextants of the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). E. gingivalis positivity occurred in most sextants affected by gingivitis, while in the condition of periodontitis, this microorganism was not present in the 3rd, 4th and 6th sextants. In all sextants affected by periodontal disease, T. Tenax was observed when associated with gingivitis. It is worth mentioning the begging of the elaboration of health policies, social and professional commitment that foster a greater promotion of oral health and quality of life for the quilombolas of northeastern Brazil.
Duas sepulturas para um corpo: a disputa cristã pelo verdadeiro Santo Sepulcro
Authors: Paganelli Magno
Published: February 2020

Desde o final do séc. xix, os evangélicos deixaram de visitar a Igreja do Santo Sepulcro, em Jerusalém, da tradição católico romana e ortodoxa, que arrogava a prerrogativa de ser o sepulcro onde o corpo de Jesus Cristo fora colocado após a sua retirada da cruz, segundo o Novo Testamento. Os grupos evangélicos passaram a considerar o chamado Calvário de Gordon como o verdadeiro local onde o evento do sepultamento ocorreu há cerca de dois mil anos. Diante desse quadro, este artigo investiga a literatura de viagem dos primeiros séculos da presente Era e a correspondência do Gal. Gordon, do séc. xix, a fim de identificar os indícios sobre a legitimidade de um dos locais. Embora os fiéis apoiem-se na fé, os relatos considerados dão conta das mudanças arquitetônicas na antiga cidade de Jerusalém, promovidas em períodos diferentes, e que a fé evangélica não teria captado ao optar pela mudança do destino que arrasta anualmente cerca de 250 mil fiéis, segundo os dados disponíveis.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung 1-20 Melalui Penggunaan Media Corong Berhitung pada Siswa Kelompok B1 Taman Kanak-Kanak Muslimat Wonocolo Surabaya
Authors: Karuniawati Fajar , Mukhoiyaroh Mukhoiyaroh
Published: February 2020

This research is backgrounded by the low ability in counting 1-20 related to calculation and diminution. It is proven by the result of doing the enrichment exercises which was done by 20 students in a class but only 5 students who got BHS score (Berkembang Sesuai Harapan) in the indicator of mentioning calculation result. Therefore, the objective of this research is to know the use of funnel calculation media in order to increase the ability in counting 1-20 for the students of Kindergarten Muslimat Wonocolo Surabaya, and to know the raising ability in counting 1-20 by using the funnel calculation media related to calculation and diminution. The research design which is used in this research is action research by using Kurt Lewin model. It consists of pre-cycle, cycle I, cycle II and reflection. The participant of this research is 20 students of B-1 group at TK Muslimat Wonocolo Surabaya. The action research of Lewin Kurt model consists of 4 stages; planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The results of this research are: 1) The use of funnel calculation goes well in cycle I. It can be seen in the activity of the students which enthusiastic in using funnel calculation media. Besides, the observation result of the teachers and students get the score in the percentage of 63,09%. It also can be seen from the activity of the teachers and students which rises by getting the score of 79,76% with the increase in 6,65. 2) There is an increasing of the ability in calculating 1-20 which is proven by the raising of the score after using funnel calculating media in cycle I in amount of 63,74% and the cycle II in amount of 76,87% by the increasing in the percentage of 13,13.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Mengenal Lambang Bilangan 1-10 Melalui Penggunaan Media Buah Puzzle Angka Pada Kelompok A Di Raudlatul Athfal Babussalam, Krian, Sidoarjo
Authors: Irawan Alfiatul Izzati
Published: February 2020

This research was motivated by the ability to recognize symbols number 1-10 at low Raudlatul Athfal Babussalam. This is evidenced by student learning outcomes that show 78.26% of children do not know the symbol number 1-10 in the age range 4-5 years. This study aims to determine the learning process of recognizing the symbol numbers 1-10 in Group A at Raudlatul Athfal Babussalam, Krian, Sidoarjo by using Puzzle number media. As well as to find out the ability to recognize the symbol numbers 1-10 in Group A at Raudlatul Athfal Babussalam, Krian, Sidoarjo through the use of Puzzle numbers. The method used in this study is classroom action research with Kurt Lewin's model. This research was from Pre Cycle, Cycle I, Cycle II, and Cycle III. In Cycle I, Cycle II, and Cycle III consists of four stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were students of Raudlatul Athfal Group A1 Age 4-5 years with 23 children. The research results are as follows: 1) Learning by using Puzzle fruit media numbers can run well in each cycle. This can be seen from the observations of teacher and student activities. The results of teacher activity in the first cycle reached 78.6%, (enough) 83.4% cycle II (sufficient), and 92.8% (good) cycle III. While the results of observations of student activities in the first cycle reached 76.2% (enough), cycle II 83.4% (enough), and cycle III 94.04% (very good). 2) There is an increase in the ability to recognize the symbol number 1-10 after the use of media numbers Puzzle numbers. This can be seen from the results of children's learning completeness at the first cycle stage 39.2% (Not Developed) with an average of 50.35 (enough), cycle II results of 60.9% (Starting to Grow) with the average learning outcomes of children 68.09 (enough), and cycle III results of 91.4% of children's learning outcomes (Very Good Developing) with an average of 82.9 (good). The increase in cycle III occurs when the use of fruit puzzle media is accompanied by singing method while writing numbers. Children will get the experience of writing numbers concretely through the song "numbers". So that in this case the child memorizes the form from the symbol number 1 to 10
Myths About the Charrua: Truth and Fiction in the History of the Indigenous People of Uruguay
Authors: Nelin Timur
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The article is devoted to the Charrua, a little-known indigenous people of Uruguay. This people was exterminated in the first half of the 19th century, giving rise to a number of myths about its history and culture. The author tries to find out, what information about the Charrua is based on facts, and what is a historical myth. The researcher considers such cases as the anthropological characteristics of the Charrua, the structure of the people, the history of its name, the case of the murder of Juan Diaz de Solis in 1516 and the history of the Natives taken to Paris in 1833.

Methods and materials. The author uses the principles of historicism, objectivity, the general scientific, historical and genetic method. The data of linguistics, physical anthropology and ethnology are also involved. The article provides historiographical and source analysis related to the Charrua materials.

Analysis. The physical appearance of the Charrua is related to the pampido anthropological type of the Chaco region. The tribe was heterogeneous and consisted of different groups. The name “Charrua” is of European origin and it is often used as a generic term for several related tribes. According to the sources, the Charrua were not involved in the murder of Juan Diaz de Solis. The latest historical studies of the Charrua taken to France show that there was not wonderful escaping of two members of this tribe.

Results. The study shows that the most part of the existing historical and anthropological myths about the Charrua are completely or partially untrue.
Increase in Artillery of the Poltava Fortress in Winter 1708 – Spring 1709
Authors: Ivanyuk Sergey
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The battle of Poltava on June 27, 1709 is one of the most famous battles of the Great Northern War. Despite the rich historiography, a number of issues related to this event remain insufficiently studied. This study is devoted to the analysis of certain aspects associated with the formation of the artillery park of the fortified city of Poltava in winter 1708 – spring 1709, the day before and during the siege of the Swedish army. Methods and materials. The preparation of the Poltava fortress on the eve and during the period of its siege by the troops of Charles XII has not been specifically studied in historiography to date. The study is based on both published documents and those stored in the archives of Russia and Ukraine, which allow us to understand the principles of command of the Russian commanders, in terms of supplying the Poltava fortress with guns and ammunition. Methods of the study: the principles of historicism and objectivity, analysis, synthesis, systematic approach. Analysis. In the course of the study, it was possible to determine the main actions of the command of the Russian army and personally of Peter I to increase the defense capability of fortresses in the Cossack Hetmanate and the fortress city of Poltava, in particular. The analysis of the documents indicates that the Poltava garrison successfully collected additional resources for the artillery park of the fortress as soon as possible, which helped to strengthen and retain the Poltava fortress during its immediate siege (May – June 1709). Results. As a result of the study, a set of valuable documents is introduced into scientific circulation, filling in the gaps associated with the history of the defense of the Poltava fortress in 1709 and establishing the main source of supply of artillery guns and ammunition for the Poltava garrison during its preparation for defense.
Practices of Interaction of State and Non-State Actors in the Context of Regulation of the Mass Communication System in the Russian Federation
Authors: Morozov Sergei
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The article represents the author’s interpretation of the actor composition of implementing information policy in modern Russia. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the main conditions of interaction between state and non-state structures of the Russian Federation in the process of determining priorities and strategies for ensuring information security in Russia. The problem of this research is actualized by increasing dependence of the mass communication domestic system on modern global geopolitical threats and foreign policy challenges. Russia and Russian society need a set of effective tools and methods to ensure the security and stability of the mass communication system.

Methodology and methods. The main methodology of this study is the principles of the communicative approach (N. Wiener, C. Deutsch). Besides, the ideas about the technological core of political communication find their scientific and practical application (S.V. Volodenkov, M. Castells, S.V. Schwarzenberg). The analysis of the combination of public political communication and the processes of administrative-state management is based on the conclusions, which are contained in the articles of G. Lassuela and O.F. Shabrov. The empirical basis of the research is the public opinion polls of “Levada Center”.

Analysis. The modern world is increasingly differentiated by the degree of information richness: the more the country is informationally open, the faster the production of new ideas, their inclusion in political decisions. The modern process of political communication has shifted to greater interactivity. Information policy, political regulation of the mass communication system becomes the leading sphere of management activities of state and non-state structures. Discussion. The indicative model development of politicalcommunicative interaction of information policy actors in the Russian Federation is hampered by a number of problems. Some of them are associated with established practices of political administration by state institutions of information processes. Other problems come from the unwillingness of civil structures to carry out the functions of public political management in the field of information security. The result is a decline in public confidence in political information and the Russian media.

Results. The author proposes the main forms of coordinated interaction of state and non-state actors in the field of information regulation, ensuring the information security of the Russian Federation. The researcher substantiates the idea of the relationship of the mass communication system development with the formation of information and communication competencies of the Russian Federation population.
THE INSTITUTION OF THE CIVIL PARTNERSHIP
Authors: Tărchilă Petru
Published: February 2020

Currently, within the territory of 21-member states of the European Union, live couples in civil partnership, couples which form families outside the judicial institution of marriage. In Romania as well, around 4% of couples live in a type of civil partnership popularly named “concubinage” and, from their perspective, they form a family, they have children who are recognized by both parents and the patrimonial goods earned throughout their cohabitation represent common property, in a condominium. Although the initiative of the “civil partnership” has been repeatedly proposed, the Romanian Parliament rejected the idea of its judicial regulation, and recently, perhaps due to the legislative harmonization of this aspect with EU law, the Romanian Senate will debate a project of normative act in this domain. The legislative initiative would approve the unit of will of two people who willingly decide to cohabitate, regardless of whether the couples are made up of heterosexual couples or couples made up of people of the same sex.
LEGITIMATE DEFENSE AND THE MILITARY RULES OF ENGAGEMENT OFTHE ARMED FORCES
Authors: Lăzău Marin-Atanasie
Published: February 2020

In a practical sense, we can say that legitimate defense is at the foundation of any military action or inaction, it is at the same time the legal basis for any decision made by military decision-makers. Of no lesser importance are thoseregarding the general public, society as a whole, given the situation in the current international context, when the right to free movement is already established, therefore any person may be directly or indirectly confrontedwith a limit-situation in which, one’s instinct of self-preservationwould require and result in an attitude of legitimate defense, when one’s own life is endangered, as is the case more and more often nowadays.For these reasons, the obligation to ensure public security, order and the safety of citizens through a solid cooperation in the civilian-military relationship has become a matter of major general concern, enshrined by the entire legislation applicable to the field.Given these new features of the concept of legitimate defense, we will try, in this article, by using the comparison method, in addition to the general opinions expressed by the quoted authors, by the doctrinarians of the studies carried out, to include in its content elements of justification of a military nature,for the simple reason that this article is aimed at an audience segment thatbelongs both to civil society and to the military, with an emphasis on the latter, who are increasingly confronted with this concept of use of force.
MINORS’ PROTECTION THROUGH ADOPTION. CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON NEW REGULATIONS
Authors: CETEAN-VOICULESCU Laura
Published: February 2020

Adoption is one of the main measures to protect the minor in difficulty, which represents the minor who does not even benefit from the protection of one of his parents. Adoption is a measure of the minors’ protection because it ensures a substitute family, being understood that the child develops best physically and mentally within a family. The adoption procedure in both its forms (administrative and judicial) is perfectible, having suffered many changes in recent years, the last change being made in 2016. Among other important changes, the new regulation emphasizes the importance of one of the principles of adoption - celerity, setting new deadlines to be respected in adoption procedures or reducing existing ones.
HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF COURTS SYSTEM IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ogwezzy Oluwatosin O.
Published: February 2020

A Court is a place where justice is administered or where atrial is held. Although it may be argued that this definition is deficient in the sense that courts are sometimes distinguished from other bodies such as tribunals, which are also concerns with settling legal disputes, however, the definition conveys the meaning intended for this work. This paper seeks to discuss the brief history of court system in Nigeria, its organization, jurisdictions, functions.
LEGAL PERSPECTIVE OF CHILD ADOPTION UNDER THE NIGERIAN LAW
Authors: OGWEZZY Oluwatosin Omobolanle
Published: February 2020

Adoption is the process which creates a parent-child relationship between the adopted child and the adoptive parents with all the rights ,privileges and responsibilities that attach to that relationship. Adoption severs a relationship between the child and the natural parents or guardians.The institution of adoption is important in society because it touches on status and therefore affects the rights and obligations of an adopted person. Adoption is recognized as one of the forms of alternative care for children who have been temporarily or permanently deprived of their family environment and also for children who are unable to remain in their family environment. This paper seeks to examine the adoption of a child under the Nigerian lawie. The statutory law, the customary Law ,procedure for adoption under Nigerian Lawand the legal effect of adoption of a child under the Nigerian Law.
CONSIDERATIONS IN REGARDS TO THE PROTECTION OF PERSONAL RIGHTS GRANTED AFTER THE PERSON'S DEATH
Authors: RATH BOȘCA LAURA-DUMITRANA , BODEA BOGDAN
Published: February 2020

The present article aims to discuss the extent to which the protection granted to personal rights can exceed the life of a person and, if so, to determine whether the rights that come within the meaning of private life as governed by Article 8 of the European Convention of human rights can be protected consecutively to the person's death.
PARTICULARITIES REGARDING COMPUTER SEARCH AND FIELD RESEARCH FOR ONLINE CRIMES
Authors: Teodorus Drăgan Alin
Published: February 2020

The criminal investigation of a computer, also known as computer forensic, presentscertain specific aspects due on the one hand to the particularitiesof the computer and, on theother hand, to the volatile nature of the data that need to be preserved throughout the entireinvestigations.
MERGERS’ IMPLICATIONS FOR EMPLOYEES UNDER ROMANIAN LAW
Authors: Bejan Felicia
Published: February 2020

AbstractMergers of enterprises produce profound effects over the rights of associates,creditors, and employees. Although the interests of each of the categories of persons affectedare protected by national and European norms, employees enjoy a particular attention. InEuropean law, Directive 2001/23/EC regulates the safeguarding of employees’ right in thecase of transfer of undertakings, businesses, and parts of undertakings or businesses.Communitarian dispositions have been transposed in Romanian law by articles 173-174 ofLaw 53/2003 - The Labour Code and Law 67/2006 regarding the protection of employees’rights in the event of transfer of undertakings, businesses, or parts of them, which transposethe Communitarian norms in the subject matter.The labour contract is an intuitu personae contract, the relationship betweenemployee and employer being one of subordination. Thus, there are at least two rationalesthat justify the lawmaker’s preoccupation for the implications of restructuring operationsover employees. Employee protection in case of transfer by merger entails, in substance, thesafeguarding of their rights and obligations within the framework of the ceded entity, as theyhad been set by the labour contract of the cedent entity. The current study critically analysesthe national law concerning the transfer of labour contracts in the context of transfer bymerger. The paper also contains a number of de lege ferenda proposals, which can contributeto the improving of the existing juridical framework.
PROTECTING THE SEAS AND OCEANS OF THE WORLD BY MEANS OF SANCTIONS AND OTHER MEASURES OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Paraschiv Daniel-Ştefan
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe maritime zones recognized under international laws – are formed from the highseas, with the riches at the bottom of the oceans and seas from this perimeter – which isregulated by international conventions, whose infringement may lead to the application ofsanctions in conformity with the dispositions stipulated, or, in the lack of such dispositions, totaking other measures, such as repression or retaliation, which are considered, in the publicinternational law, as being general sanctions included in the category of countermeasures.At high seas serious acts of a criminal character are also committed, such as: piracy,illicit traffic of narcotics and psychotropic substances, etc., thus all states must cooperate inview of repressing these acts and sanctioning the culprits.
THE SPECIAL SEIZURE
Authors: Diaconu Gheorghe
Published: February 2020

The special seizure is a safety measure privative of goods and it consists in the factthat the goods or the values that belong to the person that commited a criminal deed, they areunnaturally passed in the state’s patrimony. The possession of these goods or values, becauseof their nature or because they are related to the committed deed, it presents the danger ofperpetration other deeds provided by the penal law..
CHALLENGES OF CRIMINAL LAW IN THE 21ST CENTURY – CHANGES IN THE GENERAL PART OF THE NEW HUNGARIAN CRIMINAL CODE
Authors: Pápai-Tarr Ágnes
Published: February 2020

The new Criminal Code (hereinafter CC) came into force in Hungary on the 1st ofJuly in 2013. In my study I attempt to present a selection of the significant innovations whichthe legislator of the new Criminal Code kept in mind during codification.Among them, I would like to introduce the changes to the general part of the CC, notincluding changes to the penalty system.I focused especially on the questions of the age of punishability, legal defense, and theterm of limitation of the crimes.
DISCIPLINARY SANCTIONS APLICCABLE TO ROMANIAN CIVIL SERVANTS
Authors: Puran Andra Nicoleta , Olah Lavinia
Published: February 2020

Disciplinary liability of civil servants, as form of judicial liability, has started a seriesof debates among Romanian doctrinaires. This paper aims to analyze the disciplinarysanctions applicable to civil servants subjected to Law No 188/1999, starting from theanalysis of the concept of civil servant and from their classification according to the doctrineand legal provisions.
INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES AGAINST FAMILY MEMBERS
Authors: Nechita Elena-Ana , Iancu Nicolaie
Published: February 2020

The authors intended the first part of the article to present considerations on the moraland legal rules that provide for the rights and obligations of participants in familyrelationships. An analysis of acts constituting offences in light of the New Romanian CriminalCode will be provided.Part two will include the presentation of activities specific to criminal investigationswhere acts are committed that meet the elements of offences against the family, activities suchas: the crime scene investigation, the hearing of people with different standings in the case,forensic and psychiatric expertises, reconstructions, searches.
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS WITH AUTHORITY IN THE MATTER OF INSOLVENCY
Authors: Bogdan Radu
Published: February 2020

The article aims at presenting the international context of the ongoing phenomenon ofacute imposibility of debt paying, with which the economic environment all around the worldhas been dealing with for the past 5 years, more precise the international organisations thatcooperate or help with the development of insolvency laws (including crossborder insolvencylaws) or principles that should govern an insolvency law for a convergence towards a moreefficient and predictable insolvency procedure. The study isn’t concerned with theinternational professional associations, nongovernmental international organisations, legalsubjects of the national law under which they came to be. Lastly there will be presented topicsof interest to be considered together with points of action.
JURISPRUDENTIAL ACCENTS ON THE NOTIONOF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN VALUE ADDED TAXMATTER
Authors: Costea Ioana Maria
Published: February 2020

Value Add Tax is the tax with the deepest harmonization level on the European singlemarket. A crucial role in determining the unity of the legislative national formulas on ValueAdded Tax came to the Court of Justice of the European Union. The present study is asynthesis of these jurisprudential solutions with the aim of amply defining the notion in cause.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIVIL CONTRACTS FROM THE NEW CIVIL CODE
Authors: Tarchila Petru
Published: February 2020

In this paper ,we are debating the problem of the relationship between the civil juristicdocument and the contract .The civil juristic document was defined as ... „a manifestation ofwill with the intention of producing juristic effects, meaning the birth, change and cancel ofan concrete civil juristic relation” or … “the manifestation of will occurred for therealization of juristic effects materialized in the creation, the change, the transfer or thecanceling of an concrete civil juristic relation” ( Art.1166 C.civ.).The contract was defined 1in the doctrine as the agreement of a will between two ormore persons for the purpose of producing juristic effects, in other words giving birth,changing, transferring or canceling juristic relations. The contract is the main form of thejuristic act, and the new civil code made the classification from more points of view(art.1171-1177) in synallagmatic and unilateral contracts, contracts with onerous title andcontracts with costless title, contracts with immediate or successive fulfillment, named or nonamedcontracts, consensual, solemn and real contracts, etc
THE DYNAMICS OF RAPE IN MODERN INDIAN SOCIETY
Authors: Madan V. K. , Sinha R.K.
Published: February 2020

Rape is malum in se. In modern India the institution of rape has flourishedimmensely in recent times, and presently it is a national problem. It is a challenge to thecontemporary thinking. Gender equality is enshrined in the Indian constitution. In ancienttimes rape existed in Europe while women in India had divine personification as Shakti andin modern times millions of Indians visit Shakti temples with liberal offerings.This paper addresses dynamics of rape with particular reference to India. Rape is amultidimensional and dynamic phenomenon. Its perception may vary from radical to liberal,and the legal definition keeps evolving. Mathematically it may be modeled as a space-timefunction. In 2013 the definition of rape was revised both in India and US. It, however,differs. The paper examines recently introduced Indian law to reduce rape incidents.There are various areas which need attention to have insight into the phenomenon ofrape and measures to control the incidents. This includes understanding the effect of socioeconomic-demographic predictor variables in reduction of the incidents. The authors haveapplied statistical analysis using correlation to rape data from all the 35 regions of Indiawith eleven socio-economic-demographic predictor variables to find the effect of thevariables on incidents of rape. It was found that only literacy status, or literacy status as aproxy, for male and female in urban population indicated significant desirable effect on thenumber of rape incidents. This sets a direction for further research. The rape challenge shouldbe addressed with afresh look from multidisciplinary perspective besides law andenforcement. The fusion of data, analyses, and ideas including from sociological, cultural,psychological, and religious aspects, and encouraging merging of tools from disciplines,should provide an insightful and sound approach to find solution to the intractable socialproblem. Also social change with the universal wisdom thoughts of great minds like MahatmaGandhi and Elie Wiesel is desirable to eliminate ills, including rape, from the modern society.
THE APPEARANCE OF THE PENAL INTERNATIONAL LAW AS A BRANCH OF THE PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Paraschiv Daniel Ştefan , Paraschiv Elena
Published: February 2020

From the oldest times, there appeared certain norms of penal international law meantto prevent the committing of serious offenses, as well as for sanctioning them. This distinctbranch of the public international law is called upon to protect - by sanctioning personsguilty of committing serious offenses - peace and security of the whole humanity, thedevelopment in conformity with the norms of the law and moral of the international relations,the existence and perenniality of fundamental human values.
ASPECTS OF MEDIATION IN ROMANIA
Authors: Bunea Gheorghe
Published: February 2020

An important concern for the European Council in the past 15 years was to find waysfor settling some divergences appearing in European Union countries. For this purpose, anumber of recommendations were adopted for their settlement by mediation. We have triedbelow a presentation thereof as well as of some aspects related to mediation in our country.
“OBJEKTFORMEL” – EVENTUAL ACTS OF DAMAGE TO HUMAN DIGNITY
Authors: Bratiloveanu Izabela
Published: February 2020

The Object formula („Objecktformel”) has been designed and developed in the mid century XX by Günter Dürig, starting from the second formula of Kant's categorical imperative. The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany took the formula and applied it for the first time in the case of the telephone conversations of December 15, 1970. The Object formula („Objecktformel”) was taken from the German constitutional law and applied in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.
ETHNICAL MINORITIES AND ISSUE OF CHANGING THE STATE TERRITORY
Authors: Jura Cristian , Buruian Denis
Published: February 2020

Although, traditionally, the European Union is associated to the uniformity of the rules imposed, such as common market or unique currency, the challenge for European Union consists in finding the balance between the uniformity of economic rules and diversity involved by the multitude of traditions, cultures, ethnic groups living between its borders, diversity to be enriched more pursuant to the accession of candidate states.Therefore, even if through time it was brought in discussion countless times, lately the problem of secession has become more and more emphatic, both in states from the European Union – Spain (Catalonia, Basque Country), Belgium (Flanders) or Great Britain (Scotland) and in other European states, like the cases of Kosovo and Crimea.
THE STATUS OF EMPLOYED OF AN OFFENDER – CONDITION TO ATTRACT PATRIMONIAL LIABILITY
Authors: Florian Radu-Gheorghe
Published: February 2020

Financial liability of the employee is a variety of contractual liability arising from specific features of legal work. This study aims to analyze the concrete situations in which the patrimony can be held liable to the employee, given the diversity of employment situations in which an employee may be engaged.
THE MAIN RIGHTS GUARANTEED BOTH INTERNATIONALLY AND IN ROMANIA
Authors: Paraschiv Ramona-Gabriela
Published: February 2020

There are many human rights enshrined on an international and national level, yet some of them – especially the ones regarding economy, social and cultural – there are no sufficient guarantees in regard to their possible practice. Guaranteeing by the positive right of the human right involves the concrete control over their practice, consisting in non-legal or legal procedures made to ensure practice or settlement of different occurrences concerning the respective rights.
AN ANALYSIS OF WOMEN'S STATUS IN THE MUSLIM SYSTEM AS OPPOSED TO THE EUROPEAN
Authors: Ghiţă Oana
Published: February 2020

Article 14 of the ECHR Convention guarantees women the same rights as men. This is just one example. Gender equality is recognized in the Romanian legal system from the constitutional level — Article 16. The Coran guarantees equality between women and men. How is the woman subject to the protection of her husband in each of these law systems? We propose to analyze this in this article.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE ANTI CORRUPTION LAWS IN ROMANIA. ELEMENTS OF COMPARED LAW
Authors: Barsan Magdalena Maria
Published: February 2020

In the introduction of this paper, we will discuss the general aspects of the phenomenon of corruption in contemporary society. Furthermore, the article aims to briefly analyze the anti corruption laws in Romania, but also to to discuss the corruption crimes as regulated by the Romanian Criminal Code and other special laws. We will also present important aspects of the anti corruption laws in countries such as Belgium, Germany, Spain, France by directly referring to the corruption crimes as regulated in the laws of those countries.
Improving Cancer Patients’ Insurance Choices (I Can PIC): A Randomized Trial of a Personalized Health Insurance Decision Aid
Authors: Politi Mary C. , Grant Rachel L. , George Nerissa P. , Barker Abigail R. , James Aimee S. , Kuroki Lindsay M. , McBride Timothy D. , Liu Jingxia , Goodwin Courtney M.
Published: February 2020

Background

Many cancer survivors struggle to choose a health insurance plan that meets their needs because of high costs, limited health insurance literacy, and lack of decision support. We developed a web-based decision aid, Improving Cancer Patients’ Insurance Choices (I Can PIC), and evaluated it in a randomized trial.

Materials and Methods

Eligible individuals (18–64 years, diagnosed with cancer for ≤5 years, English-speaking, not Medicaid or Medicare eligible) were randomized to I Can PIC or an attention control health insurance worksheet. Primary outcomes included health insurance knowledge, decisional conflict, and decision self-efficacy after completing I Can PIC or the control. Secondary outcomes included knowledge, decisional conflict, decision self-efficacy, health insurance literacy, financial toxicity, and delayed care at a 3–6-month follow-up.

Results

A total of 263 of 335 eligible participants (79%) consented and were randomized; 206 (73%) completed the initial survey (106 in I Can PIC; 100 in the control), and 180 (87%) completed a 3–6 month follow-up. After viewing I Can PIC or the control, health insurance knowledge and a health insurance literacy item assessing confidence understanding health insurance were higher in the I Can PIC group. At follow-up, the I Can PIC group retained higher knowledge than the control; confidence understanding health insurance was not reassessed. There were no significant differences between groups in other outcomes. Results did not change when controlling for health literacy and employment. Both groups reported having limited health insurance options.

Conclusion

I Can PIC can improve cancer survivors’ health insurance knowledge and confidence using health insurance. System-level interventions are needed to lower financial toxicity and help patients manage care costs.

Implications for Practice

Inadequate health insurance compromises cancer treatment and impacts overall and cancer-specific mortality. Uninsured or underinsured survivors report fewer recommended cancer screenings and may delay or avoid needed follow-up cancer care because of costs. Even those with adequate insurance report difficulty managing care costs. Health insurance decision support and resources to help manage care costs are thus paramount to cancer survivors’ health and care management. We developed a web-based decision aid, Improving Cancer Patients’ Insurance Choices (I Can PIC), and evaluated it in a randomized trial. I Can PIC provides health insurance information, supports patients through managing care costs, offers a list of financial and emotional support resources, and provides a personalized cost estimate of annual health care expenses across plan types.
Hydration of a calcium sulfoaluminate cement blended with zincite
Authors: Le Saoût Gwenn , Lafon-Pham Dominique , Roux Jean Claude
Published: February 2020

A calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement has been characterised by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Selective extraction methods have been used to improve detection limits for identification and quantitative measurements. Perovskites are present in the cement in the form of brownmillerite and a phase with the following average chemical composition Ca1·95Mg0·05Al0·29Ti0·39Fe1·03Si0·22O5·18. The zincite is known as a strong retarder for ordinary Portland cement (OPC), and its effect on the hydration of CSA cement was investigated using isothermal calorimetry, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The low pH of the pore solution in the CSA cement compared to the OPC considerably reduces the solubility of zincite and, at an early age of hydration, zincite behaves as a filler in the CSA cement.
İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE KENTSEL ALANDA SELLER: BEŞİKDÜZÜ SELİ (2016) ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: MEMİŞ Levent , DÜZGÜN Sönmez
Published: February 2020

İklim değişikliğiyle etkisini artıran çevre sorunları, sıcaklık artışları ve ani yağışlarla kentlilerin günlük yaşamında daha yoğun şekilde karşılık bulmaya başlamıştır. Ortaya çıkan bu durumlara yönelik riskleri azaltacak, uyumu sağlayacak çalışmalar yapılmadığında can ve mal kayıpları söz konusu olmaktadır. Kentlerin barındırdığı nüfus ve değerleri dikkate alındığında, oluşabilecek kayıpların da düzeyi artış göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla kentsel açıdan iklim değişikliği aynı zamanda etkin bir su yönetimini gündeme getirmektedir. İfade edilenler bağlamında çalışmanın temel konusunu iklim değişikliğiyle bağlı kent selleri oluşturmaktadır. Kentsel alanda meydana gelen seller, kentleşme üzerinden ele alınmakta, Beşikdüzü İlçe merkezi yerleşimi örneğinde incelenmektedir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden örnek olay incelemesi kapsamında gerçekleşmekte ve farkı araçlarla veriler elde edilmektedir. Elde edilen genel bulgulara göre ilçe, sekiz adet derenin denizle buluştuğu yere konumlanmıştır. İlçe zaman içinde yatay olarak genişlemiş, bu durum beraberinde derelere müdahaleyi getirmiştir. Sel risklerini azaltmak amacıyla bazı çalışmalar yapılmakla birlikte, derelerin yerleşim yeri içinde üzerlerinin kapatılması, tersip bendi gibi önlemlerin zamanında alınmaması, kırsaldaki tarımsal atıkların ve ağaçların sel sularıyla sürüklenmesi ve kanaldaki geçişe engel olması, 2016 yılında yaşanan selin temel nedenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Sel, özellikle Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin önemli bir gündemini oluşturmakta ve gelecekte de oluşturacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu durum göz önünde bulundurarak konuyla ilgili farklı disiplinlerin bir araya gelerek çalışmaların gerçekleştirilmesi, Bölge için önemli bulunmaktadır.
Clinical and morphological characteristics of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in granulomatous pulmonary diseases
Authors: Semenova A. H. , Makar'yants N. N. , Lepekha L. N. , Shmelev E. I. , Sivokozov I. V. , Dem'yanenko N. G.
Published: February 2020

The purposeof this study was to determine detection rate and clinical and morphological characteristics of mediastinal lymphadenopathy (ML) in patients with respiratory system sarcoidosis (RSS), disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (DPT) and exogenic allergic alveolitis (EAA).

Materials and Methods.Patients (n= 278) with established diagnosis RSS, DPT, EAA were investigated. The cumulative index parameters were determined, hematology test, assessments of pulmonary function, diffuse lung capacity, diffusion coefficient were performed in all patients. Computed tomography of chest organs and morphologic examination of mediastinal lymph node (LN) biopsy were performed.

Results.Subjects with newly diagnosed (n= 72) and recurrent (n= 104) disease were observed among patients with RSS (n= 176). ML was observed in 95% of cases, involved bronchopulmonary, bifurcation, paratracheal and paraaortal groups; dimensions of intrathoracic LN (ITLN) were 20.0 ± 1.9 mm. Epitheliocellular granulomas (EG) without necrosis, not fusing with each other, were established morphologically; they were determined in recurrent disease course in association with background fibrosis. In patients with DPT (n= 41), subacute (n= 28) and chronic (n= 13) disease course was noted. With subacute course of DPT in 28.6% of cases, ML of paratracheal and bifurcation groups (dimensions of ITLN – 13.1 ± 0.3 mm) was observed, with chronic course – the enlargement of paratracheal and bronchopulmonary LN (7.7% of cases). EG with necrosis and tendency to fusion was verified histologically; inflammatory process involved LN capsule and could be spread to fatty tissue. In patients with EAA (n= 76), acute (n= 10), subacute (n= 38) and chronic (n= 28) disease courses were observed. With acute EAA course, hyperplasia of ITLN of bifurcation and tracheo-bronchial groups up to 13.5 ± 0.6 mm was observed in 20% of cases. Follicular hyperplasia with widening and edema of hermintative centers was observed at morphological investigation. With subacute EAA course, increased ITLN in bifurcation and broncho-pulmonary groups up to 13.6 ± 0.6 mm were observed in 46% of cases. Formation of histiocytic-macrophagal granulomas without epithelioid cells and deposit precipitation in the plasma cell aggregation areas was found at morphological evaluation. With chronic EAA, ML in broncho-pulmonary and paratracheal groups was detected in 17.8% of cases (enlargement of LN up to 11 ± 0.9 mm). The formation of diffuse and focal fibrosis and hyalinosis was noted morphologically.

Conclusion.ML is observed in all granulomatous pulmonary diseases studied, however its rate and severity, composition of involved ITLN groups and character of morphological changes is different which is possible to use in diagnostics.
The air cysts and cystoid changes in pulmonary tissue
Authors: Karnaushkina M. A. , Burenchev D. V. , Strutynskaya A. D.
Published: February 2020

Computed tomography (CT) of chest organs is one of the most accurate diagnostic methods allowing the physician to assess the condition of lung parenchyma. Correct interpretation of CT results requires the clinician to recognize normal appearance of lung parenchyma on X-ray and know changes visualized in various bronchopulmonary diseases. It is important that the physician knows and understands underlying cause of a particular radiological pattern in order to discuss with the radiologist lung tissue changes that have been identified considering clinical symptoms. Descriptions of radiological patterns and discussion of corresponding typical clinical observations are presented in the article devoted to air cyst syndrome and cystoid changes in the lung tissue.
Изучение морфометрических показателей семенной продуктивности Medicago varia Mart. с mf-мутацией в различных экотопах юга Среднерусской возвышенности
Authors: Бородаева Ж.А.
Published: February 2020

В 2016–2018 гг. в различных экотопах агрофитоценозов Чернянского района Белгородской области проведено сравнительное изучение продукционного процесса у сортопопуляций Medicago varia Mart. с высокой экспрессией mf-мутации и исходной сортопуляции. В агрофитоценозе полевого севооборота семенная продуктивность сортопопуляции M. varia Mart. (st) составила 47.77 г/м2, а M. varia Mart. (mf) – 63.72 г/м2. На песчаной почве семенная продуктивность у особей, изучаемых сортопопуляций снизилась на 56.3 % и 57.2 %, в условиях лугового агрофитоценоза – в 4.9 раз (до 9.63 г/м2) и в 11.8 раз (до 5.39 г/м2) соответственно. Формы с mf-мутацией можно рекомендовать использовать в качестве генетического ресурса при проведении отборов на максимальную продуктивность в благоприятных экотопических условиях. Исходные формы люцерны обладают высокой экологической устойчивостью, что проявляется при неблагоприятных условиях их произрастания.
Научно-организационный опыт исследований лекарственных растений во Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте лекарственных и ароматических растений
Authors: Масляков В.Ю.
Published: February 2020

В статье описан научно-организационный опыт исследований лекарственных растений во Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте лекарственных и ароматических растений с исторической точки зрения. Описаны подходы к планированию научно-исследовательских работ, организационные формы исследований, сообщество и исследовательские программы по поиску новых лекарственных растений, ботаническому ресурсоведению, популяционной экологии.