bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the ecological impacts of dominant non-indigenous sessile invertebrates in peninsular coastal ecosystems
Authors: Ubagan Michael Dadole , Lee Taekjun , Kim Yongeun , Lee Jeonghee , Jeong Hoon , Lee Yun-Sik , Shin Sook
Published: February 2025

Sessile invertebrates perform essential ecological functions in coastal ecosystems. This study aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the status and distribution of sessile invertebrates along the peninsular coasts of South Korea, focusing on the potential ecological impacts of non-indigenous species. Fourteen sampling sites along the coastline of the Korean Peninsula were surveyed four times over a year, once in each season, to investigate the subtidal communities of sessile invertebrates. Based on the community data, this study identified indigenous and non-indigenous species and classified them into broadly present and regionally dominant species among geographically distinct coastal ecosystems in Korea. Effects of non-indigenous species on biodiversity within their dominance range were analyzed to identify species with potential significant ecological impacts. Results indicated that while some dominant non-indigenous species had no significant effects, others such as Amphibalanus amphitrite were associated with a loss of biodiversity in the Yellow Sea. This study highlights the importance of clearly distinguishing the range of dominant species and emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring to support early detection and inform management strategies for reducing negative impacts of non-indigenous species. This research provides new insights for assessing the influence of non-indigenous species within sessile invertebrate communities.
The characteristics and potential transport trajectory of epimicroplastic red tide species in the Taiwan Strait
Authors: Peng Conghui , Wang Kang , Lin Hui , Chen Shunyang , Dong Xu , Gao Yahui , Chen Baohong , Kuang Fangfang
Published: February 2025

Due to the carrier’s role of microplastics, attached microalgae may be transported further, posing a threat to marine ecosystems, especially those red tide species. By combining the investigated results of Dongshan Bay and Quanzhou Bay with the simulation of transport trajectories using the Lagrangian particle tracking model, this study systematically investigated the characteristics and transport trajectories of epimicroplastic red tide species. Based on the investigations of Dongshan Bay and Quanzhou Bay respectively in summer of 2022, the characteristics of epimicroplastic red tide species were learned. Results showed that totally 13 red tide species were found in two bays, with 6 species in Dinophyta, 5 species in Diatom, 1 species in Ochrophyta and 1 species in Cyanophyta respectively. Also, the potential transport trajectories of epimicroplastic species were simulated to study their effect to the ecological environment of the surrounding waters. According to the simulated transport trajectories, those species could be transported further by microplastics while some particles would be obstructed during these three-month processes. During the transport processes, epimicroplastic red tide species from two bays would influence three provinces, which have high records of red tide outbreak in China. This study firstly combined models to investigate the potential transport trajectory of epimicroplastic red tide species, providing insights into the mechanisms of red tide outbreak.
Effects of ammonia nitrogen stress on liver tissue structure and physiological indicators, and metabolomic analysis of juvenile four-finger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum)
Authors: Jin Jing-Hui , Wang Hao-Jie , Amenyogbe Eric , Lu Yi , Xie Rui-Tao , Wang Zhong-Liang , Huang Jian-Sheng
Published: February 2025

In intensive aquaculture, ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) is a major pollutant, causing oxidative stress and immune damage to aquatic organisms. The liver is crucial in protecting against biotic and abiotic stresses, but the response mechanisms to ammonia stress in juvenile four-finger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) are not well understood. This study investigated these mechanisms by examining liver tissue structure, enzyme activities, and metabolomic changes in response to ammonia stress. Juvenile four-finger threadfin (7.4 ± 0.6 g) were divided into control, NH₃-N stress (50% LC50 96 h, 10 ± 0.4 mg/L), and postexposure recovery groups. Stress durations of 12, 24, 48, and 96 h were evaluated, followed by 48 h recovery. Prolonged ammonia stress led to increased liver tissue damage, including disordered hepatocyte arrangement, swelling, necrosis, and the disappearance of nucleoli. After 48 h recovery, liver damage was alleviated but did not fully return to control levels, suggesting that the toxic effects of ammonia are recoverable yet persistent. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) initially showed significant increases peaking at 24 h after stress, before declining by 96 h. Malondialdehyde levels rose initially and remained elevated compared with controls. After 48 h of recovery, antioxidant enzyme activity had not returned to control levels, indicating inadequate recovery from ROS-induced stress. Metabolomic analysis revealed 1219 significantly different metabolites in the 96 h stress group, with increases in L-histidine, L-threonine, and cholesterol. In the recovery group, 904 metabolites differed from controls, with notable reductions in urea and choline. The key affected pathways included amino acid, lipid, and nucleotide metabolism. This study elucidates the toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen on juvenile four-finger threadfin and their adaptive responses through physiological and metabolomic changes, providing insights for aquaculture practices and breeding ammonia-tolerant strains.
Post-stroke dysphagia: identifying the evidence missing
Authors: Wang Zicong , Shi Ran , Moreira Paulo
Published: February 2025

Dysphagia is a high-profile dysfunction that often occurs after a stroke, with a prevalence of 50%−80%. Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) often leads to serious complications such as pneumonia and malnutrition, reducing the quality of life and leading to poor prognosis or even death. PSD causes these adverse physical and psychological impairments to patients, which becomes a challenge for both patients and physicians. This review intends to contribute to the international debate on evidence-based options on Stroke Rehabilitation and to better understand the need for further research on PSD and summarizing evidence on some of the most relevant topics and clarifying its clinical practice value for Neurology, stroke rehabilitation experts, rehabilitation and nursing staff, as well as patients. The article identifies and discusses the gaps in knowledge on PSD and elaborates on current evidence concerning the selection of subjects, examination methods, patient data extraction and analysis, classification of stroke lesions, details of dysphagia, significance of results, and neuromodulation of dysphagia, from the perspective of rehabilitation physicians. The review identified a set of 10 points and parameters for the international debate on PSD, namely: stroke onset, cognitive impairment, feeding method, contrast medium, swallowing reflex delay, swallowing evaluation form, division of brainstem, multiple stroke sites, basal ganglia lesions and neuromodulation techniques. The article explores available evidence on factors associated with dysphagia and stroke site. Although there is plenty of evidence exploring the correlation between stroke site and swallowing disorders, the pathophysiological mechanisms between the two are complex, and expert interpretations of the evidence and clinical opinions vary on which swallowing abnormalities occur. The study generates evidence on current evidence-based options on Stroke Rehabilitation and a better understanding of the need for further research on Post-Stroke Dysphagia. Taking a patient-centric approach, the ultimate goal is to generate on how can available evidence influence policy or practice or research or clinical education. The article provides a structured discussion clarifying key points on the relationship between stroke lesions and swallowing dysfunctions and contributes to clarifying the gaps in evidence to further improve the quality of life of the patients suffering from Post-Stroke Dysphagia.
Efficacy of YL-1 hematoma crushing needle combined with hematoma drainage in intracerebral hemorrhage treatment
Authors: Chen Xianyong , Chen Danhong , Sun Shaonan , Huang Zhenyong , Hu Weipeng , Zhu Qiangbin
Published: February 2025

Objective

Early craniotomy evacuation in hematoma surgery does not significantly improve the prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The YL-1 hematoma crushing puncture needle, specifically designed for ICH evacuation, has an uncertain therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate its clinical effectiveness.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with ICH who underwent twist intraosseous drill needle (TIDN) surgery at our institution between September 2016 and March 2023. Clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The surgical group demonstrated a significantly shorter hematoma resolution time, averaging 14.71 days less than the conservative group (p < 0.001). The Barthel Index improved more in the surgical group, with an average increase of 8.214 points (p < 0.001). Seven days post-admission, the increase in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores was significantly higher in the surgical group, with an average improvement of 1.471 points (p < 0.001). Additionally, the duration of mannitol administration was significantly reduced in the surgical group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

TIDN surgery combined with hematoma drainage may serve as a viable surgical alternative for basal ganglia hemorrhage patients. This approach appears to reduce mannitol usage, mitigate craniotomy-associated risks, and promote short-term improvements in GCS scores and Barthel Index, highlighting its potential clinical benefits.
Diaporthe betae sp. nov., a new species associating with sugar beet root rot in Heilongjiang Province, China
Authors: Shao Hongtao , Ma Chunquan , Yu Bing , Chen Sixue , Li Haiying
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an economically important crop grown worldwide, but its production is threatened by root rot diseases caused by soil-borne fungi. This study aimed to identify and characterize a new pathogen causing root rot in sugar beet in Heilongjiang Province, China.

Methods

During 2019 and 2023, isolates were obtained from infected sugar beet roots showing symptoms of red-brown or black lesions and tissue necrosis. The pathogenicity of the causal organism was confirmed by Koch’s postulates. The isolates were characterized based on morphological features and multilocus phylogenetic analyses. To evaluate potential control measures for this new pathogen in field conditions, the fungicides pyraclostrobin, boscalid, and fluconazole were tested for their efficacy in inhibiting the growth of this new pathogen in vitro.

Results

The newly discovered pathogen was found to differ from previously described taxa in conidial morphology, molecular features, and disease index. Thus, the pathogen was determined to be a new species, which we called Diaporthe betae sp. nov. All three fungicides demonstrated significant inhibitory effects, with fluconazole showing the strongest activity and pyraclostrobin the second-highest efficacy.

Discussion

The discovery of this new pathogenic fungus will help researchers elucidate the pathogenesis of sugar beet root rot and provide a theoretical basis for performing targeted monitoring, preventing diseases and implementing control measures.
Dynamics of endophytic fungi composition in paris polyphylla var. chinensis (franch.) hara seeds during storage and growth, and responses of seedlings to phytohormones
Authors: Peng Tong , Yang Tao , Sha Jie , Zhao Jiang , Shi Jianwu
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Endophytic fungi exhibit diverse interactions with plants, from pathogenic to mutualistic symbiosis, and the community composition is regulated by phytohormones. Yet, the composition and dynamics of endophytic fungi in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara (PPC) during fresh seed (FD), sand-stored seed (SSD), and seedling (SS) stages remain unclear. Similarly, the overall impact of phytohormones on the management of endophytic fungal communities is yet to be elucidated.

Methods

We carried out a pot experiment to examine the effects of various stages of PPC seeds and the external addition of three phytohormones, namely, melatonin (MT), strigolactone (SL), and 24-epibrassinolide (BR) on the endophytic fungi of PPC seedlings. This was done through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon sequencing.

Results

The study of the endophytic fungal microbiome in FD, SSD, and SS stages of PPC revealed an increased richness and diversity of fungi during the SS stage, with significant changes in community composition observed. We found that Sordariomycetes played a crucial role in this process, potentially contributing to the establishment and growth of PPC seedlings. Additionally, this study investigated the influence of phytohormones on the phenotypic and physiological characteristics of PPC and its endophytic fungal community. Our results demonstrated that MT and SL significantly increased PPC biomass by 69.32 and 15.23%, respectively, while 2 mg/L of BR hindered the growth of PPC roots. MT, SL, and BR not only induced significant changes in the composition and diversity of the endophytic fungal community in PPC but also affected biomass potentially through specific regulation of potential biomarkers. Furthermore, phytohormones were shown to indirectly modify the endophytic fungal community by altering antioxidant system in plants.

Conclusion

This study provides novel insights into the dynamic changes of microbial communities in the FD, SSD, and SS stages. Furthermore, the differences among various phytohormones ultimately enhance our predictive understanding of how to directly or indirectly manipulate the plant microbiome to improve plant health.
Association between atherogenic index of plasma and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults: results from CHARLS
Authors: Zhou Juan , Han Han , Bai Weimin
Published: February 2025

Background

The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been proposed as a novel biomarker predictor for dyslipidemia and has been linked to various diseases. In this study, we explored the relationship between AIP levels and cognitive impairment in a middle-aged and older population.

Methods

This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for 7,918 individuals aged 45 and older. The AIP was calculated as the logarithmic ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. To assess the relationship between the AIP and cognitive impairment, logistic regression models were employed, while restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to explore potential non-linear associations between AIP levels and cognitive impairment.

Results

The study participants had a mean age of 58.4 ± 8.8 years, and 49.1% were female. From 2011 to 2018, 2,911 participants (36.8%) developed cognitive impairment. After adjusting for potential confounders, the AIP was found to be significantly associated with cognitive impairment. In particular, participants in the higher AIP quartiles (Q2: odds ratio [OR]: 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.69, P < 0.001, Q3: OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.40–1.91, P < 0.001, and Q4: OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.43–1.98, P < 0.001) showed an increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1). Additionally, a non-linear relationship was observed between AIP levels and cognitive impairment risk (P for nonlinear < 0.001).

Conclusion

The study finds that elevated AIP levels are linked to an increased risk of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults, suggesting that managing dyslipidemia could help reduce this risk.
Chronic unpredictable mild stress induces anxiety-like behavior in female C57BL/6N mice, accompanied by alterations in inflammation and the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism
Authors: Luo Yanqin , Jiang Ning , Zhang Yiwen , Zhao Yongzhi , Chen Fang , Li Xueyan , Qiang Meng , Zeng Guirong , He Qinghu , Liu Xinmin , Shan Chunhui
Published: February 2025

Chronic stress can impact brain function through various mechanisms, contributing to the development of anxiety disorders. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a well-established model for studying the effects of chronic stress. This study assessed the impacts of different durations of CUMS on anxiety-like behavior, inflammation, and tryptophan metabolism in female C57BL/6N mice. The results revealed significant behavioral changes after 2–4 weeks of CUMS. Specifically, the open arms ratio and open arms time ratio in the elevated plus maze (EPM) decreased, the latency to feed in the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) was prolonged, and the number of transitions in the light/dark box (LDB) was decreased. After 1 week of CUMS, the levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β and iNOS) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-10) began to rise. After 2 weeks of CUMS, most pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CD86, iNOS) and the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and CD11b showed an increase, while some anti-inflammatory cytokines (Arg-1, IL-10) began to decrease. After 3 weeks of stress, the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α also significantly increased, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β began to decline. By 4 weeks of CUMS, the anti-inflammatory cytokine CD11b also started to decrease. Regarding tryptophan metabolism, after 3–4 weeks of CUMS, serotonin (5-HT) levels in the hippocampus of the mice began to decrease. Additionally, the kynurenine pathway in tryptophan metabolism shifted more towards the KYN-QA branch, resulting in the reduction in the neuroprotective substance kynurenic acid (KYNA), while neurotoxic substances such as 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid (QA) accumulated. In summary, female C57BL/6N mice exhibit anxiety-like behavior after 2 weeks of CUMS, accompanied by inflammatory responses. After 3–4 weeks of CUMS, anxiety-like behavior persists, with exacerbated inflammatory responses and disturbances in tryptophan metabolism.
Improving equity and wellness in cancer care with people of Latin American and African Descent: a study protocol
Authors: Santos Salas Anna , Watanabe Sharon M. , Sinnarajah Aynharan , Bassah Nahyeni , Huang Fleur , Alcalde-Castro Jacqueline , Judge Harkeert , O'Rourke Hannah M. , Camargo Plazas Pilar , Salami Bukola , Santana María J. , Abdel Rahman Omar , Iyiola Iqmat , Wildeman Tracy , Vaughn Lisa , Ahmed Sadia ,   The Patient Advisory Council
Published: February 2025

Background

Cancer inequities such as late access to cancer screening and diagnosis affect people of African and Latin American descent in Canada. These inequities in addition to experiences of racism and discrimination and unequal living and working conditions are detrimental to their wellness. We aim to delineate together with people of African and Latin American descent a patient-oriented pathway to improve their equity and wellness in cancer care.

Methods

This is a 3-year community-based and patient-oriented participatory research study. The study will take place in Alberta and Ontario and will involve 125 participants including people with cancer, family and community members of African and Latin American descent, and health care providers. We will conduct in-depth interviews with patients and families and focus groups with community members. Together with patient partners and community collaborators, we will delineate a patient-oriented pathway in cancer care to improve equity and wellness for people of African and Latin American descent in Canada. Finally, we will explore the acceptability of the pathway with a small sample of patients, families and health care providers.

Conclusion

This study will advance our knowledge of equity and wellness in people with advanced cancer from racialized communities in Canada; and increase our understanding of how racialized populations live through a cancer diagnosis. The study will also generate knowledge of how a patient-oriented health equity pathway can contribute to reduce cancer inequities in the care of our study populations.
Prolene suture-assisted cystoscopic removal of double J ureteral stents in infants
Authors: Zeng Xinhao , Lian Na , Liu Tong , Wang Xiaoyong
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to describe the prolene suture-assisted cystoscopic removal of double J ureteral stents in infants and summarize the safety, operability, and effectiveness of this approach.

Methods

The clinic data of patients who underwent double J ureteral stent removal by prolene suture-assisted cystoscopy were reviewed. The operation procedure was as follows: First, a folded 4-0 prolene suture was preset into the cystoscope sheath, and the telescope was placed. Second, the cystoscopy was performed by inserting the cystoscope into the urinary bladder and finding the end of the double J ureteral stent under cystoscopy. Subsequently, the folded suture was pushed out of the sheath to form a coil that was used to hook 1–2 cm of the end of the stent. Finally, the stent was caught by tightening the prolene coil while the cystoscope was retracted into the cystoscope sheath; the removal was accompanied by exiting the cystoscope. Cystoscopy was repeated to confirm no additional damage.

Results

Overall, 15 double J ureteral stents were retrieved in 15 infants, whose average age was 3.78 ± 1.2 months, average weight was 5,951 ± 797 g, average residence time of the stents in the ureter was 31.20 ± 2.14 days, and the average operation time was 3.5 ± 1.2 min. No complications, such as urethral injury, occurred during the operation.

Conclusions

Prolene suture-assisted cystoscopy is one of the simple, safe, and effective technique for the removal of double J ureteral stents, especially suitable for infants or patient in whom the grasping forceps cannot pass through the matching cystoscope sheath.
Low-level neurostimulation of the renal nerves as a potential therapeutic strategy for hypertension treatment
Authors: Salman Ibrahim M. , Ameer Omar Z. , Hassan Sarah F. , Sridhar Arun , Hsieh Yee-Hsee , Lewis Stephen J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Neurostimulation is an emerging treatment for conditions like hypertension. The renal nerves, comprising sensory afferent and sympathetic efferent fibers, are crucial for blood pressure (BP) regulation. The inhibitory reno-renal reflex, where central integration of renal sensory input reduces sympathetic outflow and systemic BP, presents a promising target for neurostimulation interventions. We therefore investigated renal nerve stimulation (RNS) as a potential hypertension therapy.

Methods

Anesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were subjected to low-level RNS at 0.5 mA pulse amplitude and 0.5 ms pulse width for 30 s delivered to the left intact renal nerve at 2.5 and 5.0 Hz. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), hindquarter blood flow (HQF), and ipsilateral renal cortical blood flow (RCF) were recorded. Hindquarter resistance (HQR) and renal cortical resistance (RCR) were derived from MAP and flow values.

Results

RNS significantly reduced MAP, with similar depressor responses at 2.5 (27 ± 3 mmHg) and 5.0 Hz (37 ± 8 mmHg). RNS substantially increased HQF and reduced HQR, with comparable effects at both frequencies. A 5-Hz stimulus markedly reduced RCF and increased RCR of the ipsilateral kidney. When the stimulation frequency was lowered to 2.5 Hz, the changes in RCF and RCR were nearly indistinguishable from baseline.

Conclusion

Low-level RNS effectively lowers BP in the SHR model of hypertension and may offer a promising therapeutic alternative for hypertension treatment. Physiologically, the observed clinically relevant reductions in BP were primarily due to reductions in vascular resistance. Adjusting stimulus levels can achieve desired hypotensive responses without compromising ipsilateral renal blood supply, typically affected by direct renal sympathetic fiber stimulation.
Emergence of begomoviruses and DNA satellites associated with weeds and intercrops: a potential threat to sustainable production of cassava in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Yoboué Aya Ange Naté , Kouakou Bekanvié S. M. , Pita Justin S. , N’Zué Boni , Amoakon William J.-L. , Kouassi Kan Modeste , Vanié-Léabo Linda Patricia L. , Kouassi Nazaire K. , Sorho Fatogoma , Zouzou Michel
Published: February 2025

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plays a significant role in the livelihoods of people in Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. However, its production is threatened by begomoviruses which cause huge yield losses. Some weeds and food crops intercropped with cassava act as reservoirs, thereby facilitating the sustenance and propagation of Cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs), along with other begomoviruses. To effectively manage these diseases, it is imperative to enhance our understanding of the various hosts of cassava viruses in Côte d’Ivoire. Thus, a comprehensive nationwide survey was conducted in 2017 in cassava fields across Côte d’Ivoire, and molecular analyses were performed on the samples collected. The results obtained from this survey indicated that 65 plant species belonging to 31 families were potential alternative hosts for CMBs in Côte d’Ivoire. The molecular analyses revealed that four species, Capsicum annuum, Solanum melongena, Centrosema pubescens, and Asystasia gangetica exhibited differential affinities for both African cassava mosaic virus and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus. Additionally, other begomoviruses and new alphasatellites were identified. Soybean chlorotic blotch virus was isolated from C. pubescens while West African Asystasia virus 1, West African Asystasia virus 2, and a new Asystasia yellow mosaic alphasatellite were isolated from A. gangetica which appears to be a plant species that could favor the emergence of new viral species harmful to cassava cultivation. This study offers insights that will inform the development of more effective control methods for sustainable cassava production in Côte d’Ivoire.
“Your identity is, what God puts into you”—Christian online activism on gender and sexuality politics on TikTok
Authors: Hunklinger Michael , Limacher Katharina
Published: February 2025

Christian and right-wing actors have been able to push their agenda, which includes the idea of Christian supremacy and fundamentalist views on sexual orientation, gender relations, reproductive rights and family concepts, toward the political center in recent years. In this context, the new Christian Right metapolitics is moving beyond mere debates and ideological discussions to become a way of life. At the same time, we observe an increasing number of progressive Christian actors online, who address gender and sexuality issues from a perspective in line with their (progressive) religious convictions. This is where our paper sets out and explores how Christian activists in the German speaking part of Europe engage in debates on gender and sexuality issues online. Numerous current examples show that the social media platform TikTok is a place of digital activism that is increasingly gaining influence in different social spheres, shaping young people's political attitudes and political participation. Through a multimodal analysis of videos of self-described Christian activists from different denominations in the German speaking part of Europe, we aim to identify the different characteristics that address gender and sexuality issues. We find that both, conservative and progressive Christian TikTokers use similar strategies and techniques and address gender and sexuality issues in three dimension: Gender identity, gender relations and sexual orientation. Our interdisciplinary paper contributes to the growing field of research on religious digital activism by combining insights from political science and religious studies as well as queer studies.
Half of the mothers had poor delivery referral practices in public hospitals of Bahir Dar City Northwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Fenta Abebe Amare , Atnafu Desta Debalkie , Guadie Habtamu Alganeh
Published: February 2025

Background

Policy makers and stakeholders may benefit from understanding maternal delivery referral practices as they develop efficient mechanisms to implement appropriate referral linkage. However, the practice of maternal delivery referral is not well known. This study aims to assess the maternal referral practices and associated factors among laboring mothers referred to public hospitals of Bahir Dar City, Northwest, Ethiopia.

Method

In the hospitals of the city of Bahir Dar, a facility-based cross-sectional survey was carried out from March 1 to March 30, 2021. A total of 358 mothers who came by referral to give birth at the public hospitals in Bahir Dar were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire that was presented by an interviewer. Data was coded, and inputted to Epi-data version 3.1 software, and after being transferred, analyzed using SPSS version 25. The associated factors linked to poor maternal referral practices were identified using bi-variable and multivariable logistic regressions. The p-value cutoff of 0.05 was ultimately determined to be statistically significant.

Results

A total of 353 study participants took part in the study. The level of poor maternal referral practice was 52.7% (95% CI 47%, 58%). The mean age of the respondents was 26.73 (± 5.45) years. Twenty eight percent of the mothers were illiterate. Unable to read and write (AOR = 2.38, 95%CI: 1.15, 4.94), read and write only (AOR = 6.59, 95%CI: 2.53, 17.17), monthly income < 1,527 birr (AOR = 4.55, 95%CI: 1.91, 10.84), monthly income between 1,527 and 3,000 birr (AOR = 4.29, 95%CI: 1.76, 10.50), and monthly income between 3,001 and 5,305 birr (AOR = 3.73, 95%CI: 1.49, 9.33), referred from referral hospitals (AOR = 4.63, 95%CI: 1.94, 11.07), gave birth via cesarean section (AOR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.22, 3.47), gave birth via assisted delivery (AOR = 4.77, 95%CI: 1.64, 13.91), and time spent more than 1 h to arrive to Bahir Dar City public hospitals (AOR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.07, 4.34) were significantly associated with poor maternal referral practice.

Conclusion

Poor maternal referral practices were widespread. The use of maternal referrals was influenced by obstetric, social, environmental, and demographic factors. The poor maternal referral practices during labor should receive the most attention from mothers who have low monthly incomes and do not attend formal education.
Examining the dualistic model of passion in addiction recovery
Authors: Lewis Lauren E. , Mills Devin J. , Bergman Brandon G. , Kimball Thomas G. , Gerber William
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Addiction recovery can be conceptualized as multidimensional changes to health and wellness including changes in substance use, physical and mental health, and social relationships. These outcomes are often measured through recovery capital which recognizes the various resources, both internal and external, that one may use to enhance their recovery. Internal and external resources can also be accumulated by engaging in an activity an individual is passionate about, explained by the dualistic model of passion (DMP) as enhancing mental and spiritual well-being, health, and personal growth, thereby fostering positive emotions, community involvement, deeper relationships, and heightened performance across various life domains. Evidence indicates that both RC and the DMP contribute to improved health outcomes including life satisfaction and well-being; however, the DMP has not yet been applied to addiction recovery science. The current study aimed to contribute to the growing body of research on addiction recovery by exploring the way passion may influence recovery outcomes. Further, the study investigated how the differences in passion type [e.g., harmonious (HP) and obsessive (OP)] impacted RC.

Methods

Participants for the study (N = 346; Mage = 42.1; 53.2% Male) included individuals who self-reported being in recovery from alcohol and/or drugs and completed an online survey through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform.

Results

A significant bivariate correlation was found between HP and RC (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), and mean comparisons showed significant differences for individuals endorsing HP as they scored higher on a measure of RC (M = 4.69) than did their peers endorsing OP (M = 4.26). Finally, a regression analysis found that HP predicted RC (B = 0.19, p < 0.001), even when time in recovery and mental health variables such as depression and anxiety were included in the model.

Discussion

This study offers novel evidence for an association between the DMP and recovery outcomes warranting future research.
Evaporative coolers and wildfire smoke exposure: a climate justice issue in hot, dry regions
Authors: Solomon Gina M. , Martinez Nayamin , Von Behren Julie , Kaser Isabella , Chang David , Singh Aditya , Jarmul Stephanie , Miller Shelly L. , Reynolds Peggy , Heidarinejad Mohammad , Stephens Brent , Singer Brett C. , Wagner Jeff , Balmes John R.
Published: February 2025

Low-income families in dry regions, including in the Southwestern United States, frequently cool their homes with evaporative (“swamp”) coolers (ECs). While inexpensive and energy efficient compared to central air conditioners, ECs pull unfiltered outdoor air into the home, creating a health hazard to occupants when wildfire smoke and heat events coincide. A community-engaged research project to reduce wildfire smoke in homes was conducted in California’s San Joaquin Valley in homes of Spanish-speaking agricultural workers. A total of 88 study participants with ECs were asked about their level of satisfaction with their EC and their willingness to pay for air filtration. About 47% of participants reported dissatisfaction with their EC, with the most frequently reported reason being that it brings in dust and air pollution. Participants were highly satisfied with air cleaners and air filters that were offered to them free-of-charge. However, a willingness to pay analysis showed that air filtration solutions would not be adopted without significant subsidies; furthermore, air filtration would be an ongoing cost to participants due to the need to regularly replace filters. Short-term filtration solutions for EC users are feasible to implement and may reduce smoke exposure during wildfire events. Such solutions would need to be offered at low-or no-cost to reduce barriers to adoption. Longer term solutions include prioritizing homes with ECs in wildfire smoke exposed regions for replacement with air cooling technologies that provide clean air. Because ECs are disproportionately in low-income homes, addressing smoke intrusion through these devices is an environmental justice issue.
The role of glucocorticoids in erythropoiesis
Authors: Hanssen Lars L. P. , Iskander Deena
Published: February 2025

Erythropoiesis is a critical homeostatic process responsible for the production of red blood cells, essential for oxygen delivery to tissues. This review provides a brief overview of erythropoiesis: the maturation of hematopoietic stem cells to circulating red blood cells. We examine the role of glucocorticoids (GCs) in modulating this process, highlighting how they influence erythroid progenitor proliferation and differentiation through various mechanisms, including transcriptional repression and non-genomic pathways. GCs have been shown to inhibit erythroid differentiation while promoting progenitor cell expansion, particularly under stress conditions such as anaemia or blood loss. These mechanisms are likely central to understanding the role of GC signalling in the treatment of haematological diseases such as Diamond-Blackfan anaemia syndrome and myelodysplastic syndromes, emphasising the need for further research into the genetic and epigenetic factors affecting individual responses to glucocorticoid therapy. By elucidating the intricate interplay between GCs and erythropoiesis, this work aims to provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies for managing disorders related to red blood cell underproduction.
Spatial encoding and growth-related change of sheep lung radiomic features
Authors: Collie David , Cousens Chris , Wright Steven , Chang Ziyuan , Meehan James , Brown Helen , Gray Calum D. , MacGillivray Tom J. , Griffiths David J. , Eckert Chad E. , Storer Nicole , Gray Mark
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Different regions of the small ruminant lung exhibit variable susceptibility to specific lung pathologies. Such susceptibility may be reflected in regional lung radiomic features extracted from computed tomography (CT) images. In this study, we investigated whether region-specific variation in radiomic features exists in ovine lungs and whether these features remain stable over time.

Methods

Thoracic CT image datasets from 30 young adult sheep were subject to an image segmentation protocol directed at partitioning the lung into individual lobar and sub-lobar segments for radiomic feature analysis. After identifying and removing unstable, non-reproducible, and highly correlated features, 22 features remained and were used as input for principal component (PC) analysis.

Results

The significance of segment-related influence on PC scores was determined and visualised. For six sheep, successive CT images were acquired at monthly intervals for a period of 9 months in order to assess time-dependent variation in radiomic features. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in radiomic features derived from different lung segments. Visualisation of PC scores highlighted differences between caudodorsal and cranioventral lung, between lobar and sub-lobar segments, and suggested a bias towards one lung or the other. Significant changes in PC scores occurred over time. With few exceptions, largely similar changes occurred across all segments in this regard.

Discussion

Overall, our results indicate that although sheep lung radiomic features are influenced by the lung segment of origin, their variation over time is largely consistent throughout the lung. Such influence should be borne in mind when interpreting radiomic features and their changes over time.
The Impact of Social Security on Farmers’ Green Agricultural Technology Adoption: Empirical Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Xu Yilan , Zhang Kuan
Published: February 2025

To ensure food safety and support sustainable development of agriculture, it is critical to accelerate the transition of agricultural production methods and develop green agriculture. This study employs the Probit model with survey data gathered from households growing rice in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, China, to investigate how social security affects green agricultural technology adoption. Key findings from the study include the following: (1) Social security significantly promotes farmers’ green agricultural technology adoption. (2) Social security promotes green agricultural technology adoption by alleviating farmers’ credit constraints. (3) Farmers with higher education levels are more impacted by social security than farmers with lower education levels. (4) The impact of social security is more positively significant for young and middle-aged farmers than for older groups. (5) Risk-averse farmers are more inclined to acquire social security and receive a more significant boost. These findings provide micro-evidence for improving China’s rural social security mechanisms and ensuring agricultural ecosystem security.
Evaluating Remote Sensing Resolutions and Machine Learning Methods for Biomass Yield Prediction in Northern Great Plains Pastures
Authors: Subhashree Srinivasagan N. , Igathinathane C. , Hendrickson John , Archer David , Liebig Mark , Halvorson Jonathan , Kronberg Scott , Toledo David , Sedivec Kevin
Published: February 2025

Predicting forage biomass yield is critical in managing livestock since it impacts livestock stocking rates, hay procurement, and livestock marketing strategies. Only a few biomass yield prediction studies on pasture and rangeland exist despite the need. Therefore, this study focused on developing a biomass yield prediction methodology through remote sensing satellite imagery (multispectral bands) and climate data, employing open-source software technologies. Biomass ground truth data were obtained from local pastures, where Kentucky bluegrass is the predominant species among other forages. Remote sensing data included spatial bands (6), vegetation indices (30), and climate data (16). The top-ranked features (52 tested) from recursive feature elimination (RFE) were short-wave infrared 2, normalized difference moisture index, and average turf soil temperature in the machine learning (ML) model developed. The random forest (RF) model produced the highest accuracy (R2=0.83) among others tested for biomass yield prediction. Applications of the developed methodology revealed that (i) the methodology applies to other unseen pasters (R2=0.79), (ii) finer satellite spatial resolution (e.g., CubeSat; 3 m) better-predicted pasture biomass, and (iii) the methodology successfully developed for a combination of Kentucky bluegrass and other forages, extended to high-value alfalfa hay crop with excellent yield prediction accuracy (R2=0.95). The developed methodology of RFE for feature selection and RF for biomass yield modeling is recommended for biomass and hay forage yield prediction.
Alternative Phosphorus Fertilisation with Bio-Based Pellet Fertilisers: A Case of Study on Ryegrass (Lollium perenne L.)
Authors: Sánchez-Méndez Silvia , Valverde-Vozmediano Lucía , Orden Luciano , Andreu-Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Sáez-Tovar José Antonio , Martínez-Sabater Encarnación , Bustamante María Ángeles , Moral Raúl
Published: February 2025

The European Union (EU) advocates for a sustainable agricultural model with reduced synthetic fertiliser use. This study compares different high-P organo-mineral pellet fertilisers (OMFs) and their effects on crop yield. A trial was conducted under controlled conditions in ryegrass (Lollium perenne L.) pots with different organo-mineral fertilisation strategies at sowing with adjusted doses of P (120 kg P ha−1) and N (200 kg N ha−1). Pellets were developed from compost enriched with bone meal (OMF-BON), struvite (OMF-STR), and monoammonium phosphate (OMF-MAP). Conventional fertilisers (Complex15 and MAP) and alternative unpelletised/pelletised sources (STR and BON) were also tested. The experimental design included an unfertilised control (C), and treatments were carried out in triplicate (N = 24). Over 40 days, three cuttings (10, 25, and 40 days) were collected to determine fresh/dry biomass, nutrient content, and N, P, and K extraction efficiency. Soil labile parameters were influenced by the application of fertilisers especially OMF-MAP, OMF-STR, and MAP. MAP and STR yielded the highest nutrient extraction and biomass production, followed by their pelletised forms (OMF-MAP and OMF-STR). These results highlight the potential of pelletised organo-mineral fertilisers as sustainable alternatives to conventional sources.
Metabolomics Study Revealed the Effects of CaO-Treated Maize Straw on the Rumen Metabolites
Authors: Wang Hui , Shi Mingjun , Ma Zhanxia , Zhang Xuewei , Shan Huiyong , Xu Xiaofeng , Quan Suyu , Zhang Junqin , Tian Yujia
Published: February 2025

As an important limiting factor, lignin hinders the utilization rate of maize straw in ruminants. CaO treatment increases the feed digestibility of maize straw by disrupting the ester bonds between hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in maize straw. Our previous research found that CaO treatment of corn straw may increase its feed digestibility by altering the rumen microbes’ abundance. This study further investigated the molecular mechanism of CaO treatment to enhance feed utilization and also examined its ongoing effects on rumen metabolites. Rumen fluid was collected to analyze microbial metabolites using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) non-targeted metabolomics. Maize straw (moisture content of 60%) treated with four levels of CaO (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) was used as the fermentation substrate for a 6 h in vitro culture. Based on the effect of CaO-treated maize straw on the rumen microbial diversity, no significant differences were observed in microbial composition between the 0% and 3% treatment groups or between the 5% and 7% treatment groups. However, the microbial structure of the 0% and 3% treatment groups differed from that of the 5% and 7% groups. Therefore, the four levels were divided into a low-efficiency group (LE group: 0% and 3% levels) and a high-efficiency group (HE group: 5% and 7% levels) for principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Compared with the LE group, most of the ruminal metabolites that showed increased levels in the HE group were products of lignin degradation. Among these differential metabolites, Dihydro-3-coumaric acid had a significant positive correlation with Prevotella and fermentation indicators like acetate, propionate, and butyrate. KEGG analysis showed differential metabolites were primarily enriched in the amino acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and cyanoamino acid metabolism. The higher CaO concentration in the HE group effectively disrupted most covalent bonds with lignin, significantly enhancing cellulose degradation and ultimately supporting improved rumen metabolism.
Hotspot Analysis of Rumen Microbiota and Methane Mitigation in Ruminants: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1998 to 2023
Authors: Zheng Xueyue , Tang Lijie , Wang Rong , Zhang Xiumin , Wang Min , Wu Duanqin
Published: February 2025

Methane (CH4) is the second-most abundant greenhouse gas, following carbon dioxide (CO2), and has a warming potential 28 times greater than CO2 [...]
Large Fibrous Connective Tissue Reduces Oxidative Stress to Form a Living Cell Scaffold in Adipose Grafts
Authors: Yue Qiang , Cao Zilong , Zhang Tiran , Yin Ningbei , Liu Liqiang
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which large fibrous connective (LFC) tissue enhances fat graft survival in fat transplantation. A block fat graft model demonstrated that intact fat containing LFC showed significantly higher survival rates compared with liposuctioned fat. In the center of intact grafts, viable fat cells surrounded the LFC, forming a mesh-like living tissue structure. Proteomics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) adjacent to LFC (ALFC) and distant to LFC (DLFC) revealed significant differences in mitochondrial aspects. Staining of LFC tissue showed that it contains a large number of blood vessels and mitochondria, and exhibits stronger antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) compared with adipose tissue. By mixing LFC with liposuctioned fat and transplanting into nude mice, histological sections showed that LFC promotes SOD1 expression, enhances respiratory chain RNA expression, and reduces ROS and inflammation. Pure mitochondrial-assisted fat transplantation only reduced short-term graft inflammation without improving long-term survival rates. In conclusion, LFC enhances long-term survival rates by reducing oxidative stress in fat grafts and forming a center for fat cell survival, thereby overcoming distance limitations. This represents a novel mechanism distinct from classical fat survival models and provides a reference for clinical practice.