bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um slafak og marinkjarna
Authors: Guðmundsson Helgi
Published: March 2024

I. The present paper deals with some Icelandic words of Gaelic origin, all previously dealt with by Chr. Matras in an important paper published in 1958. II. Icel. slafak has several meanings, but closest to the Gaelic is 'green seaweed', still found in North-Eastern Iceland, see Map 1. III. The Icelandic word for 'Alaria esculenta', an edible seaweed, shows a number of different forms. The authenticity of one 18th century example of Myri-kiarni was discussed by Chr. Matras, and his conclusion is borne out by the occurrence of mýrikjarni in Northern Iceland, see Map 2. IV. According to Chr. Matras Icel. sólvamæður 'a kind of seaweed' is in all probability a loan translation of Scottish Gaelic mathair an duilisg 'carrageen, Irish moss'. The sources do not agree as to the meaning of the word, but still it is quite possible that Chr. Matras' hypothesis is right. V. In Icelandic annals a skin-boat is mentioned in the year 1666 on Hvítá, a major salmon river. This river is comparable to e.g. the Severn, the Shannon or the Boyne, where the use of currachs persisted into the 20th century. But nothing further is known about skin-boats in Icelandand Celtic influence cannot be proved. But several well-documented instances of cultural traits borrowed by the Norse from the Celts have been discussed by Chr. Matras. Amongst these is the use of seaweed for food. But whereas Gaelic has contributed words for edible seaweed in the Faroes and in Iceland, a Norse loan word kvanneq occurs, according to Thalbitzer, as a word for a kind of edible seaweed in Labrador Eskimo, on the continent of Native America.
Fuglamyndirnar eftir Díðrik á Skarvanesi
Authors: Joensen Hans Debes
Published: March 2024

The first Faroese bird-painter we know of is Didrik Sørensen, who lived from 1802 to 1865. This article deals with the only 4 pictures that remain from his hand. In 1828 he made a journey to Copenhagen, but besides he spent his life as a farm-hand at the small village of Skarvanes on Sandoy, however, almost exclusively engaged in hunting, trout fishing and painting. His possible qualifications and influences are discussed, the result being that he is likely to have been a self-taught man, and inaddition a solitary soul. He is the only Faroese representative from the rich epoch of bird-painting that flourished in Europe and America in the 18th century and the former half of the 19th century.
Færøysk-norsk i folkevisediktinga
Authors: Solheim Svale
Published: March 2024

Those engaged in Scandinavian ballad research are in agreement that chey reckon with an East-Scandinavian and a West-Scandinavian region. Caracteristic of the West-Scandinavian region are the heroic and troll ballads. The situation in Iceland is unique, so that for the most part the West-Scandinavian region comprises the Faroe Islands and Norway. In this case, which was the center for the composition of heroic and troll ballads, the Faroe Islands or Norway? There are two opposing opinions here, the one represented by Knut Liestøl, Sverker Ek, and H. Griiner-Nielsen. They maintained that Norway was the most important area, wíth Bergen as the center of diffusion, and that a large number of the heroic and troll ballads spread from there to the Faroes. In opposition was the view of E. von der Reoke, that the West-Scandinavian ballads had their center in the Faroes.

In recent years new material has appeared, which seems to cast new Hght on the Faroese-Norwegian relationship. This is a systematic catalog of the ballad compositions in the Sohandinavian languages, prepared by Dr. Bengt Jonsson of the Svenskt Visarkiv and the author. Here the ballads are arranged in categories according to the traditional scheme: ballads concerning nature myths, ballads concerning legends, and so on. When it comes to the typical West-Scandinavian categories, the heroicand troll ballads, the catalog shows strong Faroese dominance. It is so unamhiguous and so convincing, that there is reason to maintain the applicability of E. von der Recke's theory that the Faroe Islands were the most important area within the West-Scandinavian region.
Tabula gratulatoria
Authors: Joensen Hans Debes
Published: March 2024

Heiðursrit til Christian Matras. Heilsanir.
Kanningar av gongdini hjá fjarðarsild í Føroyum gjøgnum samdøgrið
Authors: Hoydal Kjartan
Published: March 2024

In october 1968 investigations on plankton and 1, 2 and 3 years old herring were carried out during 24 hours in Funningsfjørður, Faroe Islands. Plankton as well as herring showed vertical migration.

In daytime the main part of the herring and the plankton stayed from the bottom up to a level of 10 m below the surface, in the night they moved up from bottom coming to íhe surface entirely.

The echograms showing the movements of the herring form a picture corresponding with Ball's (1951) three step movement described for middle depths in the North Sea.  The only factor which the day and night migrations could be correlated with was the light intensity.

Stomach contents was found in the afternoon, whereas a sample of herring taken at 730 GMT, at sunrise, had empty stomachs only. The herring feed was composed of Acartia sp. besides some few Temora longicornis. Acartia longiremis and Acartia Clausii were dominating in the plankton samples, ohiefly females with egg sacks.
Útlitið fyri áhaldandi vøkstri í fólkatali Føroya
Authors: Guttesen Rolf
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses the demographic development on the Faroe Islands. Using the socalled comparative and flow diagrams developped by Kurt Witthauer, the crude birth rates and crude death rates are shown in fig. I for the Faroes and some neighbour countries around 1780, making visible the very special situation for the Faroes in this period. Both the crudebirth rate and the death rate are much lower than in the other countries. The flow diagram, fig. 2, with birth rate as ordinate and death rate as abscissa, shows the evolution in the rates for the period 1770—1780 to 1961—65, with the single years 1969 and 1970 to give an impression of the trend today when »the pill« is more commonly used. The natural increase in population can be read on the oblique lines. As shown on the figure it is estimated that the fertility rate will fall with Ve from 23 °/ooto 19 or 18 °/oo, and the death rate will increase slowly to about 8 °/oo, due to the aging of the population. These trends together are estimated to give a natural increase of about 10 °/oo, shown on the figure with a dotted area in the lower, right side of the diagram. On fig. 4 the migrations are taken in consideration. Abscissa = net migrations which can be positive or nagative. Ordinate = natural increase. Oblique lines = actual increase. The migrations are calculated indirectly, using the known figures for the total population in different years (the censuses) and the registrated numbers of births and deaths. Usually there is a net migration out from the Faroes. Only two periods in the 19 th century are showing net immigration. As the peak is reached in the crude birth rate, the net emigration is simultaneously increasing. Following the economic crisis in thefirst half of the 1950-ie5, there is a very serious emigration, but later the figures stabilizes on about 4 °/oo. With the supposed lowering in natural increase, the actual increase in the Faroese population is estimated to be only 8 °/o or maybe lower in the nearest future, (the dotted area). The composistion of the net migration of the net migration stream to Denmark (figures for the total net migration are not available, but 80—85 °/o of the faroese migrations are going to Denmark) are calculated as themean for the period 1961—68, fig. 3. The figure makes the remarkable feature clear that 50 % of this stream is made up of women in the class 15—19 years, and there is a net emigration in all classes except for men in the class 25—29 years, which balances. This distorted composition of the net migration stream results in an ever increasing number of men per 100 women. In earlier periods there was a surplus of women. The proportion balanced in 1921 and 1925, but in 1966 there were 110 men per 100 women.

The outlook for the future growth of the faroese population is, according to these estimates for the near future, not very brigth. The main causes are the present lowering in the birth rate and the distortion of the composition of the population, caused by the serious surplus emigration of young women.
Magnetic Anomalies Around The Faeroe Islands
Authors: Schrøder Niels F.
Published: March 2024

Fyrireikandi sigulmagnskanningar eru gjørdar uttan um oyggjarnar í Føroyum. Munur á sigulmagnsmynstrinum hava gjørt tað møguligt at seta mark millum niðaru basaltfláirnar og miðfláirnar. Hetta markið sýnir at til eru tvær ógvuliga stórar kúpumyndanir. Tyngdarfrávikini eru samanborin við hesar myndanir og hildið verður at ein huld meginlandsleivd er atvoldin til báðar.
Hugskot um hvítravnin
Authors: Botni Niels á
Published: March 2024

On the Faroes lived formerly a raven (white raven) an albinospecies (Corvus corax varius mut.). The author enumerates the first literature about birds on the Faroes which mentions the white raven and he adds still existing local reports on the raven. This raven was formerly common on the Faroes but seems now extirpated and has not been seen since 1916 as far as the author knows. The íigure in the article is from »Icones Rerum Naturalium — 1767 by P. Ascanius.
Ljóðskifti í føroyskum
Authors: Matras Christian
Published: March 2024

Between 1400 and 1600 from the last component in faroeic diphthongs (both original and — mostly — secondary diphthongs) has evolved a consonantic part, in such way that the final lahial vowel (u) appears as (g)gv (clusil plus v), while the palatal works out a (palatal) affricat. We thus get norse róa, older faroeic (in the 14. century) reu(v)a, or rou(v)a, more recent faroeic reggva or rággva (normal writing: rógva); norse búa is now biggva (normal writing: búgva; J. C. Svabo — in the 18.th century — writes: bygva); norse tíu, older faroeic: tuju, newer faroeic lujddju(norma\ writing: tíggju; Svabo vfrkesitujggju). The task is to prove that the evolution which now appears both before vowel and at the end ef monosyllables, originally only existed before vowels. The evolution in Faroeic is parallel to the »schárfung« in norse-gothic.
Hugskot um áir sum renna undir heilum
Authors: Rasmussen Jóannes
Published: March 2024

The author describes some well known underground streams from the Faroe Islands running along the boundary plane between till and peat. He points out that the origin of che stream bed must be lateglacia.lpreboreal, the stream has eroded its bed down into the tiill and up into the overiying peat. Fig 1, 2, 3 show a section through one of these streams at the roadside near Oyndarfjør5ur, Fig 4, 5, 6, 7 the ground above the same stream. In Fig 5 and 6 the overlying peat roof has collapsed.
Børkuvísa (Potentilla erecta)
Authors: Bjørk E.A.
Published: March 2024

The preceding article deals with the plant cinquefoil (potentilla erecta). Through reference to the literature, legal decisions, and resolutions made by annual landowners' meetings in Faroese villages there is given — with speoial reference to the Faroe Islands — a disquisition on the plant as follows: I. Distribution etc; II. Place in the plant kingdom and descriplion; III. Names; IV. Use in medicine; V. Digression on tanning; VI. Tanrving with cinquefoil root; VII. Other uses of oinquefoil; VIII. The legal right to dig cinquefoil root.
Faroese Bird-Name Origins (V)
Authors: Lockwood W.B.
Published: March 2024

1 greinini eru blandað uppískoyti til ymist, sum høvundurin hevur áður skrivað um føroysk fuglanøvn. Sýnt verður, at krypilsont merkti upprunaliga 'krikont' (Anas crecca). Noa-navnið stálkoka 'kráka' verður greint sum merkingarliga javnsett við hitt sammerkta blábøka og sýnt verður, at siila er serlig nýtsla av orðinum í upprunamerking síni 'eitthvørt klovið'. Tjaldur verður tulkað sum fornt ljóðherminavn, av einum stovni '*tel-, og ísl. tildra 'tjaídursgrælingur' sum avleiðsla. Skyldur stovnur er eisini funnin í enskum teal 'krikont'.
How old is the Faroese grannastevna?
Authors: West John F.
Published: March 2024

Tað hevur verið vanlig hugsan, at grannastevna er gamal stovnur í Føroyum. Men høvundurin ivast í, at henda hugsan er bein og skjýtur upp, at grannastevnan í sinum vælkenda líki frá seinna helmingi av 19. øld man vera íkomin í tíðarskeiðinum 1836—42. Millum próvgrundirnar er hin fullkomna tøgnin, ið valdar hjá høvundum sum Lucas Debes, Jørgen Landt, Jens Chr. Svabo og J. A. Lunddahl í høpum, har sum væntandi var, at grannastevna varð nevnd. Í skrivaðum heimildarritum er orðið ógvuliga sjáldsamt fyri 1836, og har sum tað kemur fyri, kann verða víst á danska ávirkan á nýtsluna, og fundir, sum sipað verður til, tykjast ikki hava verið grannastevnur í vanliga kendu merkingini. Bygdasamtyktir, sum seinni vóru sjálvsagdar at gera á grannastevnu, vóru fyri 1843 framdar á annan hátt, og nøkur dømi eru nevnd. Fram verða fluttar sannanir fyri, at grannastevnan hevur uppruna sín í skylduni, ið løgd varð á sýslumenn eina ferð um árið at ferðast um sýsluna til at hyggja eftir, at Reskript af 19. August 1757 om Kendings-Soid og Reskript af 11. Maj 1775 angaaende Rosse-Brug paa Færøe vórðuhildin. Orðið tykist vera innflutt av F. F. Tillisch og C. Pløyen um 1836. Um henda áskoðan fær undirtøku, kemur stovnanin av grannastevnuni á sjálvsagdan stað sum eitt stig í tí neyðuga útflutningi av valdi burtur úr Tórshavn í málum, sum hoyrdu til umsitingina av felags bygdaviðurskiftum; onnur stig vóru lógirnar frá 1854, 1857, 1866 og 1901, og tilelvingin var hin stóri vøksturin á talinum á óðalsmonnum í hvørjari bygd.
Glacial Erratics from the Sea Floor South-East of the Faeroe Islands and the Limit of Glaciation
Authors: Waagstein Regin , Rasmussen Jóannes
Published: March 2024

On the outer shelf and slope south-east of the Faeroe Islands down to 300 meters depth, 82 percent of the erratics consist of basalt and 14 percent of tuff carbonate sediments. At 400 to 700 meters depth these rock types only constitute 54 percent of the erratics, the rest being mainly sandstones and gneisses of distant origin. This sudden increase in the proportion of foreign erratics is probably caused by the front of the Faeroese ice sheet preventing ice-rafting over the shelf during the last glacial epoch.
Ein »rímnaflokkur« í føroyskari tungulist?
Authors: Nolsøe Mortan
Published: March 2024

The dominant stanzaic forms of the Faroese popular songs in oral tradition are the ballad couplet and especially the ballad quatraine. The latter is thus the normal stanzaic meter of the Faroese heroic ballad which also shows a strong affinity regarding its style and its subject matter with Medieval ícelandic literature, i. e. Eddic lays and sagas. In Iceland the heroic ballad is, however, only sparsely represented. Here the rímur poetry which has developed other stanzaic forms combining end rhyme and metrical alliteration, has had a dominating position dating back to late Medieval time. Compared to the heroic ballad the rímur poetry shows much stronger ties regarding its form and content with such Medieval Icelandic literature as scaldic lays and sagas. Outside Iceland traces of Icelandic rímur poetry have only been found in the Faroe Islands where such a poem CCF 111 Koralds kvæði was first recorded as early as 1639. The aim of my paper is to demonstrate that another Faroese popular »heroic ballad«, i. e. CCF 112 Bevusar tattir, originally represents an else lost Icelandic set of rímur (rímnajlokkur) which is supposed to have entered Faroese tradition either through oral og MS transmission before the end of 16th century.
Faroese Bird-Name Origins VI
Authors: Lockwood W.B.
Published: March 2024

í greinini verður fyrst tikið til umrøðu navnið fulkubbi og sýnt, at eins og í íslendskum og norskum, er upprunamerkingin niðrandi; fuglurin man hava verið illa umtóktur av sjómonnum. Navnið gorfuglur verður skýrt sum skemtandi eyknevni, tí at fn. geirfugl hevur upprunaliga merkingina 'geirfalkur' (t. e. fn. geirfalki, helst 'veiðifalkur' (Falco gyrfalco L.). Navnið hyplingur verður skilt sum stuttformur av fn. ''hvíthypplingr 'fuglur við hvítum huppi'. Undir navninum mortítlingur verður hildið at búgva hin morreyði í líking við navnið grátítlingur. Stórfuglur er lýst sum fuglamannaorð. Storkur er í' royndum eyknevni við bókstavligu merkingini 'stavur, steyrur' — fuglurin stendur ofta á einum beini. Tað er sama orðið sum tý. Storch, sum eisini kundi merkja 'penis'. Tað at fuglurin og kynslimurin av málsligum hendingi eru vorðnir navnar hevur kanska av fyrstu tíð givið tilstudling til hugmyndina um, at storkurin kemur við børnunum. Nøkur fuglanøvn, sum higartil hava ikki verið á prenti, eru at finna í eykabindinum (1974) til føroysku-donsku orðabókina. Summi av hesum nøvnum eru tikin til umrøðu, lutvíst í samanburði við nøvn, ið áður vóru kend. At enda er sýnt, at upprunin at fuglanøvnum, sum enda við -us, sum eitt nú gneggjus av gneggja, fylgir mynstrinum Magnus, sum eftir almenningsskýring kundi verið runnið av sagnorðinum magna.
Some traces of Gaelic in Faroese
Authors: Lockwood W.B.
Published: March 2024

Greinin tekur til viðgerðar ávísar gæliskar tættir í føroyskum máli. Fyrst verður víst á, at viðurnevni Gríms Kambans er runnið av forngæliskum ''cambán 'kylva nýtt í leikinum báire, gamal írskur bóltleikur líkur hockey'. Før. dunna er komið av forngæl. ''tunna, t fremst í orðinum broytt til d vegna árin frá onkrum heimaorði, helst fn. dúnn 'dún'. Orð úr kópaveiði-umhvørvi eru síðan tikin fyri. Skotið verður upp á endaligar upprunaskýringar av orðunum grúkur og gassi (frá forngæl. grúac, gass) og sýnt á møguligan skyldskap millum orðafellini feitur sum selur og at sláa kópar og samsvarandi gælisk orðasambond. Somuleiðis dýr sum navn á kópi í »sjómáli«. Síðan verður eisini sýnt á, at orðafelli sum at fara á soppin hava gæliska fyrimynd, og tað sama man vera um orðafellið at fara í gólv við tilbrigdum. At enda er sipað til møguligan gæliskan skyldskap við før. orðafellið sólin fer í kav og við før.-ísl sólarlag. Í vissum førum er trúligari, at árimni eru úr skotsk-gæliskum heldur enn úr írskgæliskum.
Knappligar broytingar í sjóvarhitanum við Føroyar
Authors: Hansen Bogi , Zachariassen Petur
Published: March 2024

When considering variations of the surface temperature of the sea it is common practise to concentrate on the mean values over a certain period. It is argued that for some purposes the extreme values may be as relevant. The hydrographic conditions in Faroese waters are dominated by the presence of the Polar front (fig 1—2). A unique series of daily surface temperature observations exist from Mykines. The long-term variations have been given by Smed (Smed Ann. Biol., fig 3) based on mean monthly values.

In this paper we have looked for deviations from the mean on a shorter time scale i. e. by days. A visual inspection of the data (fig. 4) indicates that the deviations are not symmetrical but rather more negative. An analysis confirms this hypothesis. The data were high pass filtered and the number of deviations of various temperature intervals were counted. A distinction was made between positive and negative deviations. Table 1 and fig. 6 demonstrate the result. The temperature variations atMykines, thus are interpreted as composed of three parts: 1 A yearly variation, 2 »Noise« symmetrical with respect to the running mean, 3 Negative anomalies. It is the latter which has been studied in more detail. Figs. 7 and 8 demonstrate the distribution of anomalies ( > V Í ° C) through the years (1920—1940) and in various months. The anomalies are significantly more frequent during wintertime.

As for the origin af the anomalies, it is argued that these are probably of an advective character indicating the presence of cold »blobs« or »eddies« in the waters of the Faroe shelf. Further evidence for this is presented in fig. 10 and evidence that temperature variations in these waters include advective processes as a dominant part is found also from a series of temperature ■— current observations from SuSuroyarfjørður (figs. 11, 12, 13, 14). The temperature variations observed were plotted against the Lagrangian coordinate x(t) of a fictitious water particle

tx(t)=2v(i)-/\tKv(i) being the observed current along the main axis at the time i and A t , the sampling interval. The fact that in these plots the curves are very often retraced when the current turns — as exemplified by fig. 15 ■— indicates the importance of advective processes. As to the origin of the eddies, we assume their creation to be related to the Polar front which indeed does produce such entities (B. Hansen & J. Meincke, to be published). In conclusion we note the importance of such processes both from ahydrographical and biological point of view.
Uppmáting av vøtnum í Føroyum
Authors: Dali Sigmund í
Published: March 2024

The article is a continuation of a survey of Faroese lakes (S. í Dali 1975). The soundings were made with a Seafarer 3 (149 khz) echo-sounder. The work is still in progress.
Cholesterol-pleuritis
Authors: Dahl Pauli
Published: March 2024

An account is given of a 63 year old man suffering from cholesterol pleurisy. Total lipoid in the pleural effusion 2380 mg. %, total cholesterol 1160 mg. %. At the age of 24 the patient was in bed for six months with fluid on the left lung — without doubt from tuberculous pleurisy. From time to time over the past few years this rare complaint has been discussed in Scandinavian medical literature chiefly by Finnish writers. This condition is probably due to an abnormal familiar cholesterolmetabolism.
Om det färöiska ordet baraldur 'en (Juniperus)' och dess funktion i äldre tid
Authors: Fries Sigurd
Published: March 2024

The Faroese Word baraldur 'Juniper'In Faroese there are two words for 'juniper': one is einir (masc.) or eini (neutr.), with compounds like einirunnur and einiviður; the other is baraldur. einir belongs to the stem ein-, which occurs in the whole of Scandinavia, while baraldur looks like a Farocse innovation. The uncertainty reflected in the use of different names and forms due to the fact that the juniper is now very rare in the Faroes. It was formerly sed for several purposes, among other things for smoking meat and it is therefore nearly extinct. The word baraldur, which is probably a comparatively late aW-derivative (for which see Alexander Jóhannesson in Árbók Háskóla íslands 1926—27) to barr (OI barr, Norw. dial. bar) 'needle', is, as I see it, a noa term of the same type as bruse, brisk, brakje etc. 'juniper' in Norway (for these see O. A. Høeg, Planter og tradisjon, p. 413).
Yrkisvanlukkur í Føroyum
Authors: Joensen Høgni Debes , Weihe Pál
Published: March 2024

Endamálið við kanningini er at lýsa yrkisvanlukkur í Føroyum á tann hátt, at sum tilfar verða nýtt øll mál um vanlukkur, iðeru viðgjørd í Føroya Vanlukkutryggingarráði í árunum 1975—79.
10 ár farin. Limir Fróðskaparfelagsins í 1983 og farnir limir
Authors: Joensen Høgni Debes , Joensen Jóan Pauli , Poulsen Jóhan Hendrik W.
Published: March 2024

Tær fyrstu 30 bøkurnar av Fróðskaparritum høvdu allar sama snið og somu útsjónd. Við 31. bók er hetta broytt. Blaðsíðurnar erustørri og í tveimum teigum, so at ritið nú hóskar betur til myndir og tekningar.
Evnisyvirlit til rit Fróðskaparfelagsins FRÓÐSKAPARRIT 21. —30. BÓK
Authors: Zachariasen Ulf
Published: March 2024

Evnisyvirlit
Sandoyarbók: A Faroese Ballad Collection, Its Collector and the Community
Authors: Conroy Patricia
Published: March 2024

Kirkjubøkur og almenn skjøl úr fyrra helmingi av 19. øld hava nógv at siga okkum um Sandoyarbók, tann ið skrivaði hana,Jóannes Klæmintsson í Króki, og samfelagið, sum hann savnaði kvæðini í. Tó at Jóannes í eftirmælinum at bókini nevnir fleiriembætismenn í Føroyum, sum hava eggjað honum til at savna kvæði, vita vit, at hann má eisini hava verið ávirkaður av teimumseks brúdleypunum, ið hildin vórðu á Sandi heystið 1820. Víst er, at tey fyrstu kvæðini, hann skrivaði upp tann veturin, fekk hann ikki frá bygdarmonnum, men frá avbygdarmonnum, ið vóru nær skyldir við annað av brúðarhjúnunum ella skyldir við hann sjálvan. Royndur lutur er, at øll avbygdarheimildarfólk hansara høvdu eitt í felag: nær í ætt við savnaran sjálvan ella næstuskyldfólk hansara. Sama er um heimildarfólk Jóannesar á Sandi, sum vóru konufólk, smámenn ella ognarmenn óskyldir viðkongsbóndafólk í bygdini. Bert teir heimildarmenn á Sandi, ið vóru nær skyldir kongsbóndum, vóru hvørki skyldmenn Jóannesar ella næstu grannar. Forvitnisligt er, at hesir menn vóru uttan samanburð bestu heimildarmenn Jóannesar, men berttveir teirra vóru kongsbøndur sjálvir, teir flestu vóru yngri bóndabrøður, ikki so hátt settir í bygdarsamfelagnum og tí hugaðirfyri at bøta um støðu sína.

Tó at Jóannes sigur í eftirmælinum, at hann hevði savnað øll kvæði, ið hann kendi til, er tað vist, at hann ikki gjørdi tað. Fyrstog fremst tykjast fólk yvirhøvur — og savnarin við - at hava verið treyð at lata tættir um hendingar í bygdini koma upp í savnið.Síðan er at nevna, at Jóannesi miseydnaðist at fáa fatur á minst einum kappakvæði, helst tí at hann, ið átti tað, stúrdi fyri atonkur annar kundi nema tað og skipa tað í dansi. Onnur grund til at ivast í, at Sandoyarbók er fullfíggjað, er tann, at Jóannestykist bert hava verið á kvøldsetum hjá vinum sínum og gronnum. Vit vita um tveir dúgligar kvæðarar í bygdini, sum Jóanneseinki fekk frá.
When, How, and Whence?
Authors: Enckell Pehr H.
Published: March 2024

An attempt is made to distinguish between different phases in the immigration history of terrestrial invertebrates to the Faroe Islands and to estimate their relative importance. It is shown that a phase of large-scale immigration over the sea occurred some time between 10000 BP and 9000 BP, and that immigration by this means later became less important. Immigration by driftwood has probably occurred now and then; it probably started earlier from the American continent than from the northern parts of Eurasia. Aerial immigration has been important continuously since the islands became available for invasion; this process has increased in importance over time because of increased species richness in the main source areas in NW Europe. Immigration by agency of Man has taken place only during the last 1100 or so years; source areas have been western Norway, Denmark, and the northern part of the British Isles. Chance immigration of species with special habitat requirements has occurred during the human occupancy of the islands; examples are e.g. species that require deep soil layers, and forest-dwelling species in the recently established forest plantations.

The place of the Faroes in the North Atlantic biogeographic context is shown by a comparison between the occurrence offour groups (Coleoptera, Araneae, Lumbricidae, and Gastropoda) in the Faroes and the surrounding areas. Differences inspecies numbers between the areas are small for anthropochorous groups (Lumbricidae, Gastropoda); they are considerablygreater for groups where the main immigration has been by other means than by Man (Coleoptera, Araneae). For thesegroups isolation, island area, and plant cover are important, in addition to the respective species' dispersal ability.
Sällsyntheter med fristad på Färöarna
Authors: Myrdal Monika , Danell Eric
Published: March 2024

Fároarnas enastáende natur utgor en várdefull tillflyktsort for arter, vars existens ár hotad i de andra nordiska lánderna. Dettahar flera orsaker. Lavfloran (lichenes, skónir) gynnas av den rena luften och den hoga luftfuktigheten. Vissa arter, inom tillexempel sláktena Lobaria och Sticta, áterfinns i Sverige nástan enbart pá bark i mycket gammal orord skog. Sádana skogarhar under de senaste ártiondena avverkats i snabb takt, och lavarna har fóljdaktligen forsvunnit. Den hoga humiditeten páFároarna, liksom áven i sydvastra Norge (Tor Tønsberg, muntl.), tilláter dessa lavar att váxa pá klippor pá skyddade platser.
Species of the algal genus Vaucheria on the Faroes
Authors: Christensen Tyge
Published: March 2024

Species of the algal genus Vaucheria (Tribophyceae) form mats of thin filaments on the ground often at the base of flowering plants. They can be found at places like sides of brooklets, on roadside ditches, and in salt marshes. Samples from such places were collected on Eysturoy, Streymoy, Suðuroy and Viðoy in the first half of July 1994. Only a few Vaucheria species have hitherto been reported from the Faroe Islands. New records for the archipelago reported in this study are: V. aversa, V. canalicularis, V. frigida, V. medusa, V. prona, and a species referred to the V. geminata complex being V. trigemina-Yike.The paper also includes comments to V. coronata and to V. dillwynii and V. hamata earlier reportcd as V. pachyderma var. islandica andW. uncinata respectively. In addition three Vaucheria parasites have been encountered: the rotatorian Proales werneckii, the plasmodiophoralean Woronina glomerata, and the chytrid Zygorhizidium vaucheriae.
Climatic Data and Faroese Agriculture
Authors: Haahr Peder T.
Published: March 2024

Local climatic data are shown to be closely connected with yields in Faroese farming and agriculture and to have a certain predictive value. The variation in climate over the rather small island area is large and the year-to-year variation - as shownby data from Kollafjørður - is high. This is also mirrorred in the crops, which shows similar large variation in yields. This is not surprising, the Faroes being situated near the northern limit for most agricultural crops. However, this is being the case, local climatic data could possibly be used for predictive purpose as concerns agricultural yields.
Village-dwelling. Understanding young people’s reasons for settling in Faroese villages.
Authors: Matras Kristiansen Sámal
Published: March 2024

Úrtak

Leikluturin hjá bygdunum í føroyska samfelagnum broytist alsamt. Fyrr vóru bygdirnar rættiliga fjar skotnar, men nú eru tær mobilt samantvinnaðar við hvørja aðra. Hetta merkir í fyrstu syftu, at bústaðar siðvenjan, ið er knýtt at tí at búgva á bygd, broytist. Men harnæst er tað eisini við til at máa støði undan vanligu fatanini av tí at búgva á bygd. Sum ung fólk gerast sera mobil – og noyðast at gerast sera mobil fyri ikki at verða afturúrsigld – verða partar av siðbundnu bygdafataninivarðveittir í ímyndunum hjá unga fólkinum. Sæð úr hesum sjónarhorni verður bygdin eitt sera tvígilt og enntá tvørsagt fyribrigdi, ið javnvigar millum siðbundni og modernitet; millum staðbundinskap og flytføri. Í greinini vísi eg eisini á at tað er høpisleyst at skilja millum býar- og bygdalívsformar í eini mobilari øld.

Abstract

The role of the villages in the Faroes society is rapidly changing. Wheras the villages used to be quite isolated they are now mobilely integrated with each others. This means firstly that the dwelling-practices connected to living in a village are changing, but secondly it also undermines the common perception of the villagedwelling. As young people become – and have tobecome so in order to not being left behind – very mobile, parts of the traditional village-perception still remain in the imaginations of the young people. Seen from this point of view the village becomes a very ambivalent and even paradoxical phenomenon that balances between tradition and modernity; between place-tiedness and mobility. In the article I also discussthe lack of meaning in distinguishing between urban and rural life-modes in an age of mobility.
Nakrar hugleiðingar um hvussu sagnorðini blíva og verða koma fyri í nútíðar, munnligum føroyskum
Authors: Pauladóttir Majbritt
Published: March 2024

Úrtak

Sagnorðini blíva og verða, ið eitt sindur skal verða sagt um her, hava higartil oftast verið mett sum samheiti í føroyskum, og orðið verða verður mett sum upprunaligari, við tað at tað er arvorð úr norrønnum, og orðið blíva verður mett sum óneyðugt tøkuorð úr lágtýskum um danskt. Við føroysku siðvenjuni í sambandi við málreinsan (purismu) hevur blíva tí ikki verið nógv nýttí skrivligum føroyskum.Greinin er skrivað við vón um at kunna seta fram nakrar hugsanir um tey bæði sagnorðini, bæði úr einum nútíðar og einum søguligum málfrøðiligum sjónarhorni, og røtt verður um, hvussu tey koma fyri í nútíð í munnligum føroyskum. Nýggjar samrøður við føroysk heimildarfólk, tiknar upp í sambandi viðMasterritgerð eftir høvundan, eru grundarlagið undir tí, ið verður umrøtt.Niðurstøðan er, at hóast mótstøðan móti blíva hevur verið hørð, so er hetta sagnorð kortini komið inn í talað mál. Serliga áhugavert er, at í innsavnaða tilfarinum er nógv, ið bendir á, at við tíðini er ein merkingarligur (semantiskur) munur íkomin, við tað at týdningurin hjá orðinum blíva bregður nakað frá týdninginum hjá orðinum verða. Hetta verður kannað, og roynt verðurvið nýggjum dømum at siga nakað um munin teirra millum.

Abstract

This article discusses the distribution of the two auxiliary verbs blíva and verða in Faroese. The verbs have so far been regarded as synonyms, of which verða, making a part of the old Norse lexical inventory, has been considered ‘good language’, whereas blíva has been considered an unnecessary loanword from Plattdeutsch. Consequently, blíva has not been much used in the written language due to the purist traditions in Faroese.The article has been written with a view to highlighting the distribution of the two auxiliaries in the present tense in the verbal language. This has been done from a diachronic as well as a synchronic viewpoint. The discussion is based on interviews with native speaking informants that were conducted in connection with the author’s Master’s thesis.Although the defense has been considerable against blíva, the conclusion seems inevitable that the auxiliary has entered the verbal language. However, the distribution of the two verbs in the spoken language seems to reflect a semantic difference, and this distinction is the main focus of this article. In order to be able to discuss the dissimilarities, therefore, the semanticcharacteristics have been studied grammatically as well as tested in new phrases by reverting to a group of informants that constitutes 10% of the original lot.
Christen Djurhuus' færøske præstetal(1759)
Authors: Skårup Povl
Published: March 2024

Úrtak

Útgáva av tí føroyska prestatalinum sum Christen Djurhuus próstur gjørdi í 1759. Tað sigur frá prestunum ið høvdu verið í teimum sjey prestagjøldunum, rektarunum ið høvdu verið við latínskúlan í Havn, og próstunum ið høvdu verið í Føroyum, alt frá trúbótini, sum hann, Føroyum viðvíkjandi, tíðarfesti til 1538.Sum uppískoyti útgávur av nøkrum framhaldum av prestatalinum og av nøkrum prestavísum ið endurgeva partar av prestatalinum á bundnum máli.

Resume

Udgave af det præstetal for Færøerne som provst Christen Djurhuus udarbejdede i 1759. Det rummer oplysninger om de præster der havde været i Færøernes syv præstegæld, de rektorer der havde været ved latinskolen i Tórshavn, og de provster der havde været pá Færøerne, alt sammen siden reformationen, som Djurhuus for Færøernes vedkommende daterede til 1538.Som anhang udgaver af nogle tekster der fortsætter Djurhuus' præstetal og af nogle præsteviser der gengiver afsnit af det pá vers.

Abstract

An edition of the Series Pastorum for the Faroe Islands, which the rural dean Christen Djurhuus made in 1759. It contains information on the pastors of the seven pastorates on the islands, the rectors of the Tórshavn Latin School, and the rural deans that had been on the islands, all since the Reformation, the beginning of which Djurhuus dated to 1538.

As appendices to this text are some other texts, which continue the Series Pastorum of Djurhuus, and some songs, which contain parts of the Series Pastorum in verse
Um at nýta dýr til at vita um kvinna er við barn
Authors: Frazer J. F. D.
Published: March 2024

The four common pregnancy tests are reviewed and compared. Of these, the male toad test is the cheapest, quickest and most accurate.
Uppískoyti til greinina Løgin fyribrigdi hjá hvali FRÓÐSKAPARRIT 6. BÓK, BLS. 34-50, 1957
Authors: Huggett A. St. G.
Published: March 2024

Since submission of this M. S. to the Editor further data have suggested modifications. The data are obtained from examination in London of Whaling Statistics on a wider scale than available in Tórshavn, correlation of the foetal weights of Pilot whales obtained in Føroyar with the foetal statistics of the other toothed species, the Sperm whale, derived partly from Matthews (1938), Clarhe (1956) and unpublished data.

The most important conclusions concern the period of gestation in different species. It would appear probable that baleen whales, are as suggested less than 1 year, probably 10 months T 1 month and of these it appears probable that the Blue whale is 9—10 months but the foetus at full term is only 1—2 tons, rarely, though occasionally, 3—4 tons. Secondly the Odontocoeti (Sperm and Pilot) differ from the Mystacoeti (Baleen whales) in being over 1 year. Our Pilot whale foetuses at or about August lst were of 2 age groups, about 700-800 gram and about 50,000 gram, strongly suggesting gestation periods over 1 year, about 14 or 15 months. Both Matthews and Clarke suggest 15—16 months as the gestation period for Sperm whales. These are shown in the appended figure.
Distribution of neuropsychiatric profiles and comorbid diseases in dementia subtypes
Authors: Bülbül Nazlı Gamze , Karşıdağ Sibel , Çınar Nilgün , Ateş Miruna Florentina , Şahin Şevki , Karalı Fenise Selin , Gönül Öner Özge , Okluoğlu Tuğba , Eren Fettah , Yılmaz Okuyan Dilek , Totuk Özlem , Karacan Gölen Meltem , Acıman Demirel Esra , Yıldırım Zerrin , Erhan Hamdi , Arıca Polat Büşra Sümeyye , Ergin Nesrin , Kobak Tur Esma , Akdoğan Özlem
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AH) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, followed closely by vascular dementia. Mixed vascular-Alzheimer’s dementia (MVAD) is more evident in individuals aged 80 and above. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of early-onset dementia after AH. Vascular risk factors play important role in the pathogenesis of dementia syndromes. Behavioral and psychological symptoms represent a significant portion of the non-cognitive manifestations in dementia patients. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of chronic diseases, behavioral disorders, psychiatric findings, and medication use in patients followed with different dementia diagnoses.
Methods: Prevalance of chronic diseases, behavioral disorders, psychiatric findings as well as the usage of antidepressant and antipsychotic medications among patients followed up in dementia outpatient clinics with the diagnosis of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), vascular dementia (VaD), FTD, and MVAD were investigated. Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) was applied to the patients.
Results: Four hundred and fifty-five patients were accepted in the study. The patients were distributed as follows: AD (n=303, female/male: 187/115, age = 78±8 years), MCI (n=53, female/male: 31/22, age = 69±10 years), VaD (n=31, female/male: 18/13, age = 68±9 years), FTD (n=32, female/male: 17/15, age = 68±9 years), and MVAD (n=36, female/male: 16/20, age = 76±10 years). Both AD and MVAD groups were significantly older than the other groups (F = 23.2, P<0.0001). The ratio of comorbid chronic diseases was 80% in the AD group, 72% in the MCI group, 91% in the VaD group, 59% in the FTD group, and 93% in the MVAD group. In the whole group, antipsychotic drug use was 27.5% and antidepressant drug use was 28.9%. The mean NPI score was 32.9±28 in antipsychotic users and 16±19 in non-users (P<0.0001). The mean NPI of antidepressant users was 17.6±19 and 21.9±25 (P=0.055) in non-users.
Conclusion: There is a comorbid chronic disease burden in all dementia subtypes, although at varying intensities, and as the chronic disease burden increases, behavioral disorders and psychotic findings increase, and accordingly, the use of antipsychotics also increases.
Comparison of the effect of erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia on neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio in patients operated for breast cancer
Authors: Şahin Karadil Kübra , Gültekin Ahmet , Şahin Ayhan , Özkan Gürdal Sibel , Yıldırım İlker , Arar Cavidan
Published: March 2024

Objectives: It was seen that recurrence and metastasis after breast cancer surgery are related to the immune response of the host. Anesthetic agents modulate the surgical stress response or directly impair the functions of immune system cells. In our study, we aimed to compare the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and erector spinae plane block, which are among the methods we use for postoperative analgesia, on the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery.
Methods: One hundred female patients aged 18-75 years, scheduled for unilateral breast cancer surgery, and who agreed to participate were included in our study. These cases were divided into two groups of the analgesia method: Those with erector spinae plane block (Group E) and those who were administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Group N). According to the results, preoperative and postoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio values were calculated and recorded.
Results: Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio were statistically higher in both groups in the postoperative period. No statistically significant difference was found when the preoperative and postoperative measurement changes of the laboratory parameters between the groups were compared. Postoperative VAS scores were statistically significantly lower in Group E.
Conclusions: We concluded that when erector spinae plane block and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use were compared in managing postoperative analgesia in breast cancer surgery, their effects on the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio were not superior to each other. However, the erector spinae plane block was superior for adequate pain control.
Interventional Management of Low Back Pain: A Comprehensive Review of Epidural Steroid Injections and Related Techniques
Authors: Gomez Coral Maria Isabel
Published: March 2024

Lower back pain (LBP) represents a significant global health burden, impacting individuals’ quality of life, productivity, and financial stability. While acute episodes may resolve spontaneously, chronic LBP persists beyond 12 weeks, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to management. This comprehensive review examines the interventional management of LBP, with a focus on Epidural Steroid Injections (ESIs) and related techniques. ESIs, administered into the epidural space surrounding spinal nerves, aim to alleviate inflammation and nerve compressioninduced pain. However, they carry inherent risks, including infection, nerve damage, and allergic reactions. Comparative effectiveness studies highlight varying outcomes associated with different interventions, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment plans. Guidelines from professional organizations advocate for a patient-centered approach, prioritizing non-pharmacologic therapies as first-line treatments. Integrating evidence-based practices and considering patient preferences and clinical circumstances are crucial in optimizing outcomes. This review also discusses patient selection criteria, safety considerations, and long-term outcomes associated with interventional management techniques. By adhering to established guidelines and integrating a range of therapeutic options, clinicians can effectively address the multifaceted challenges posed by LBP, ultimately enhancing patient well-being, and improving treatment outcomes. A holistic approach, encompassing both conservative and interventional modalities, is essential in the comprehensive management of LBP
Research on the history of libraries and librarianship in Poland: A survey, 1945–2015
Authors: Puchalski Jacek
Published: March 2024

The author of the article discusses selected academic and popular publications on the history of libraries and librarianship in Poland which were issued between 1945 and 2015. In that period, information about the most important historical resources of various Polish libraries and early book collections was made available. In addition, the period was marked by progress in the study of materials originating before the end of the 18th century. Scholars published a range of methodological works and works about sources, contributing to the development of scholarship. At the same time, there were too few editions of source materials.

After 1989, scholars intensified their efforts to find sources in foreign collections, especially in Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and Germany. Polish collections kept abroad are yet to be fully researched and to have their inventories and catalogues published.
The vast body of literature is uneven when it comes to its focus on individual historical periods, regions, subregions and local centres. It comprises publications on the history of libraries, their function and role in culture with regard to the history of publications focused on the types of libraries or individual libraries — of different traditions, sizes and the book, and stature. Scholars also explored the history of private book collections, reading rooms and libraries, as well as biographies of librarians and collectors. The quality of the publications varies. There are gaps in, for example, the history of libraries in the former Polish eastern borderlands and ‘blank pages’ in the historiography of Polish librarianship after the Second World War. There is a visible shortage of quantification of phenomena from the past of libraries, despite the fact that there are some possibilities in this respect. What is also needed is development in comparative studies, including from an international perspective, although this would require Polish historians to become more interested than before in the history of librarianship in other countries.
Polish research on publishing in Poland between 1945 and 2015: Themes, legacy and implications for further research
Authors: Juda Maria
Published: March 2024

The history of publishing in Poland encompasses many issues associated with the emergence and dissemination of printed books. Of fundamental significance to the study of these issues are the records of the publishing output: while we have nearly complete, though still underexamined, records of this output for the period from the 15th to the 18th century, documented in bibliographies and catalogues, the situation is worse when it comes to the 19th and 20th centuries, until the outbreak of the Second World War. In this respect, what we need is not only a continuation, but a radical intensification of bibliographic work. This concerns works published in the Latin, Cyrillic, Hebrew and Greek scripts, as well as musical notation. Polish book scholars have devoted a lot of attention to the beginnings of printing in Poland. The historiography concerning various typographic workshops located in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is rich; however, it still requires further extensive studies. Scholars have also been interested in phenomena influ- encing the content structure of printed publications, such as publishing privileges (in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), censorship and restrictions imposed by the partitioning powers and later by Poland’s communist authorities, as a result of which Polish publications had to be printed abroad and an independent publishing movement emerged. The scholars’ research interests have also focused on books as products of printers and publishers and on the publication of written works. Scholars have examined both the various components of the book (title page, printer’s signet, stemmata, etc.) and its editorial composition as a whole. Their undoubted achievements in the studies of the history of publishing in Poland are significant, yet in many areas they need to be continued and expanded (one important task is the edition of sources for the study of the history of Polish publishing) and to investigate the phenomena that stem from developmental tendencies in modern book studies.
Sztrajfy — afisze o wyjątkowym formacie i propagandowej użyteczności
Authors: Śleziak Marta
Published: March 2024

Sztrajf — szczególny rodzaj afisza. Konteksty terminologiczne. Cechy formalne.