bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of microwave sintered Si3N4-based ceramics
Authors: Getman O.I. , Holoptsev V.V. , Panichkina V.V. , Plotnikov I.V. , Soolshenko V.K.
Published: August 2005

The mechanical properties and microstructure formation processes in Si3N4+3% AI2O3+5% Y2O3(Yb2O3) ceramic compacts sintered under microwave heating (MWH) and under traditional heating (TH) were investigated. The initial ceramic materials were powder blends of silicon nitride with oxides. The mean powder particle sizes were 0.5-1.0 mim. The content of alfa-phase in the Si3N4 powder was more than 95 %. The samples were sintered at 1800BC in nitrogen at normal pressure, the heating rate in all experiments was 60BC/min. The Vickers hardness (HV), fracture toughness (K1C) and bending strength (on) were determined. The microstructures of fracture surfaces of samples were studied by SEM. Quantitative microstructure analysis was carried out. It was shown that the values of HV and Kic of ceramic samples sintered under MWH at 1800BC rose steadily with the sintering time. This caused an increase in density, which reached maximum as fast as after 30 min of the MWH sintering; the mass loss at that time amounted to 3-4 %. The porosity of sintered samples with an addition of yttria was less than 1 %, that of ytterbia was greater, 2.4 %. For similar values of relative density, the hardness and fracture toughness of ceramic samples produced under MWH were higher as compared with those of samples sintered under TH. The microstructure of samples had the form of elongated grains in a matrix of polyhedral grains of the beta-Si3N4 phase. Measurements showed the mean size of grains in samples produced by MWH to be greater that in samples produced by TH. A larger number of elongated grains were formed. It was concluded that for sintering under MWH of Si3N4-based ceramics the growth of elongated beta-Si3N4 grains and formation of a "reinforced" microstructure were promoted and thereby improved the mechanical properties of such ceramics.
The influence of density of pressed iron powder samples on the quality of boride layers
Authors: Ivanov S. , Stanojevic B.
Published: August 2005

In this work the influence of the density of pressed iron powder on the quality of boride layers has been analysed. Examinations were performed on pressed samples of iron powder. The used granulation was 50-100, 100-150 and 150-200 mm. The samples were pressed under pressure of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 MPa. Boroning was performed in a solid mixture based on boron-carbide, and was in principle the same for all samples. The obtained boride layers varied in depth and quality (porosity, the contact with metal). It has been observed that simultaneously with boroning sintering also occurred, and this fact offers a wide application possibility in the chemical-thermal treatment for sintered materials.
Effects of powder preparation and sintering procedure on microstructure and dielectric properties of PLZT ceramics
Authors: Zivkovic Ljiljana , Stojanovic Biljana , Foschini C.R. , Paunovic Vesna , Mancic Dragan
Published: August 2005

PLZT ceramics belong to one of the very important groups of functional materials that make a basis for the production of a large range of electronic devices. The microstructure and properties of ceramics depend on the powder preparation and thermal processing conditions. Various techniques have been used to obtain chemically homogeneous and fine starting powders PLZT powders have been prepared by two different production routes: by a modified Pechini method, using a polymeric precursor method (PMM) and by a partial oxalate method. A two-step sintering process, including a hot pressing, was carried out at 1100 and 1200?C. Distinct phases obtained during the sintering process have been investigated by SEM and EDS techniques and dielectric properties such as permittivity and dielectric loss were measured in a frequency range from 1 to 20 kHz. A significant difference in microstructure and dielectric properties, depending on powder origin and sintering procedure, has been noticed.
Thermal diffusivity of sintered 12CaO-7Al2O3
Authors: Nikolic Pantelija , Lukovic D. , Savic S. , Urosevic Dragan , Djuric S.
Published: August 2005

The thermal diffusivity and some electrical transport properties of sintered 12CaO-7Al2O3 were determined using a photoacoustic method with a transmission detection configuration. The thermal diffusivity, coefficient of carrier diffusion and the surface recombination velocities were determined by fitting experimental spectra and theoretical photoacoustic amplitude and phase signals.
Deformation Behavior of Free‐Standing Pd‐based Thin Film Metallic Glass for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Applications
Authors: Zhang G.‐P. , Liu Y. , Zhang B.
Published: July 2005

The deformation behavior of thin film metallic glasses (TFMG) both as‐deposited and annealed at the supercooled liquid region (SCLR) near the Tg were investigated by bending TFMG microbeams. It was found that the shear banding behavior, the stress for operating the first shear band and the plastic shear displacement along the shear band plane were dependent on annealing time at the Tg. The deformation mechanism and the controlling of mechanical properties of the TFMG were discussed.
Surface Modification of Pure Ti by Laser Alloying with B and Ni Mixed Powders
Authors: Tian Y. , Chen C. , Wang D. , Lei T.
Published: July 2005

Composite coatings were fabricated on the surface of pure titanium by laser alloying with B and Ni mixed powders. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum shows that compounds such as TiB, TiB2 and NiTi are formed in the coatings. With surface microhardness of 1600–1700 HV0.1, the coatings have excellent wear resistance compared with the as received sample. The corrosion resistance of the annealed coatings is improved, but the unannealed coatings just have similar corrosion resistance as original pure titanium.
The Effective Elastic Modulus of Laser‐Engineered Composite Boride Coating
Authors: Laha T. , Agarwal A. , Dahotre N. B.
Published: July 2005

The effective elastic modulus of a laser‐engineered composite TiB2 coating on AISI 1010 steel substrate has been computed using different micromechanics models and compared with the experimental values. The Hashin‐Shtrikman Bound method evinced most consistent effective elastic modulus values compared to Eshelby and Mori‐Tanaka models.
Analysis of NF1 transcriptional regulatory elements
Authors: Lee Tsz Kin (Bernard) , Friedman J.M.
Published: July 2005

Mutations of the NF1 locus cause neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), a clinically variable autosomal dominant disease. Expression of neurofibromin, the protein product of the NF1 gene, is regulated in a tissue‐ and developmentally‐specific fashion, but the basis for this regulation is not understood. We used phylogenetic footprinting and other bioinformatic methods to identify potential transcriptional regulatory regions in the 5′ upstream region and intron 1 of the NF1 gene from human, mouse, rat, and pufferfish. Three genomic segments that have equal or higher homology than the coding region were found in the NF1 5′ upstream region, and four more very highly homologous regions were found in intron 1. Five of these highly homologous regions are confidently predicted to contain transcription factor binding sites. One highly homologous segment in the 5′ upstream region spans the transcription start site and contains several potential transcription factor binding sites. This segment includes a novel 24‐bp sequence (acttccggtggggtgtcatggcgg) that lies 310–333 bp upstream of the translation initiation site. This sequence, which is identical in human, mouse, and rat and differs by only 1‐bp in Fugu, may contain the core promoter element for NF1 transcription. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Cucurbit[n]uril Family
Authors: Lagona Jason , Mukhopadhyay Pritam , Chakrabarti Sriparna , Isaacs Lyle
Published: July 2005

In 1981, the macrocyclic methylene‐bridged glycoluril hexamer (CB[6]) was dubbed “cucurbituril” by Mock and co‐workers because of its resemblance to the most prominent member of the cucurbitaceae family of plants—the pumpkin. In the intervening years, the fundamental binding properties of CB[6]—high affinity, highly selective, and constrictive binding interactions—have been delineated by the pioneering work of the research groups of Mock, Kim, and Buschmann, and has led to their applications in waste‐water remediation, as artificial enzymes, and as molecular switches. More recently, the cucurbit[n]uril family has grown to include homologues (CB[5]–CB[10]), derivatives, congeners, and analogues whose sizes span and exceed the range available with the α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrins. Their shapes, solubility, and chemical functionality may now be tailored by synthetic chemistry to play a central role in molecular recognition, self‐assembly, and nanotechnology. This Review focuses on the synthesis, recognition properties, and applications of these unique macrocycles.
Preparation and surface activity of biodegradable polymeric surfactants. I. Preparation and surface activity of dextrin derivatives
Authors: Wang Hong‐Jung , Chen Keng‐Ming
Published: July 2005

Novel dextrin derivative surfactants containing a modified glucoside structure have been prepared in which propylene glycol polyglucosides are reacted with a hydrophobic oxirane‐containing material of glycidyl ether with C10–C18 carbon atoms. These surfactants exhibit good surface activities, including surface tension, low foaming, and wetting power. These surfactants also have a good ability to improve the whiteness and wetting power of cotton fabrics in a hydrogen oxide bleaching system. The benefits of these dextrin derivative surfactants are their highly biodegradable properties, which are lacking in traditional surfactants.
Effect of thermal treatments on the yielding of polycarbonate
Authors: Kontou E.
Published: July 2005

Two different thermal treatments were applied to polycarbonate (PC) in terms of slow cooling (annealed samples) after a thermal treatment at a temperature above the glass‐transition temperature or abrupt cooling in a liquid‐nitrogen environment (quenched samples). Tensile and compression experiments were performed on the two types of samples at three different effective strain rates. A viscoplastic model based on the fundamental assumptions of the Eyring model and on a kinematic formulation, which separated the viscoelastic and plastic strain, developed in previous works, was used to describe the yield and postyield behavior of thermally treated PC. The different thermal treatments affected the parameters of the material microstructure. A satisfactory agreement between the experimental data and calculated results was found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 796–805, 2005
Preparation of poly(vinyl acetate) latex with ultrasonic and redox initiation
Authors: Bahattab Mohammed A.
Published: July 2005

The high water solubility of vinyl acetate (VAc) monomer increases the need for a good initiator system to speed up the polymerization and remove unreacted monomers. Ultrasonic energy can be used to initiate VAc redox emulsion polymerization in the absence of an inert gas and with sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant. Combining ultrasonic energy and a redox initiator at the ambient temperature leads to a higher conversion and higher rate of polymer production in comparison with just using a redox initiator. Ultrasonic energy plays an important role in synthesizing and controlling the polymer structure. The particle size distribution is an important variable in the formulation of latex paint. Ultrasonic energy has an effect on the particle size distribution and average molecular weight of VAc polymer. The particle size increases with an increase in the monomer conversion for ultrasonic polymerization, whereas the particle size stays constant with the monomer conversion for redox polymerization. An ultrasonic polymer has a broader particle size distribution than a redox polymer. The average molecular weight of poly(vinyl acetate) falls with an increase in the sonication time, whereas it increases with time for a redox polymer. Ultrasonic energy also produces a stable, milky white, opaque latex. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 812–817, 2005
Synthesis of polycarbonate‐silica nanocomposites from copolymerization of CO2 with allyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, and sol‐gel
Authors: Tan Chung‐Sung , Kuo Ting‐Wu
Published: July 2005

The copolymerization of carbon dioxide, allyl glycidyl ether, and cyclohexene oxide catalyzed by the system consisting of Y(CF3CO2)3, Zn(Et)2, and pyrogallol in the solvent of 1, 3‐dioxolane was performed in this study. The IR, 1H NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectra, as well as the elemental analysis, indicated that the resulting copolymer was an alternating polycarbonate possessing more than 90% of carbonate units. The molecular weight could be as high as 1.5 × 105, and the polydispersity index was 4.5. The resultant polycarbonate was found to effectively react with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate via a free radical reaction to result in a precursor used in the sol‐gel process to synthesize a polycarbonate‐silica nanocomposite. The nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, 29Si NMR, TGA, DSC, and UV–Vis. Silica particles with size less than 100 nm were found to disperse uniformly in the nanocomposites. It was also found that the thermal properties were dependent on the content of cyclohexene carbonate units. Both the thermal and mechanical properties of the resultant nanocomposites could be adjusted with silica content, while the transparency was comparable to the base copolymer even at high silica contents. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 750–757, 2005
Enhancing mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) blown films by drawing and surface crosslinking
Authors: Li Li , Wang Qi , Wang Ru
Published: July 2005

Thermal blowing of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film was successfully realized based on molecular complexation. Ways to enhance the performance of the PVA blown films (drawing and surface crosslinking) were studied. The experimental results showed that water exists in PVA films in different states through hydrogen bonds with PVA and other modifiers and influences the drawability of PVA films, as well as the structure and properties of the stretched films. When the initial water content of the film was higher than 35.0%, the draw ratio of the PVA film was quite large because of the effects of the bound water with PVA, as well as the plasticization of free water. With the increase of the initial water content in PVA, the free water content and draw ratio of the films increased but the strength of the films decreased because of the higher residual water in the films. Surface crosslinking can improve the stretchability of PVA films because more water remains in the films and disrupts the hydrogen bonding of PVA. In addition, crosslinking enhances the mechanical properties of stretched PVA films. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 774–779, 2005
Variation in physical and mechanical properties with coating thickness in epoxy–diamine–aluminum system
Authors: Goyanes S. N. , Saavedra F. , Roncaglia A. J. , Rubiolo G. H.
Published: July 2005

The mechanical properties and glass‐transition temperature within different thickness organic coatings made of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin and 3‐aminomethyl‐3,5,5‐trimethylcyclohexylamine hardener are determined. The coatings are deposited on aluminum alloy (1050) substrates after degreasing. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry experiments are carried out on debonded coatings before and after the material from the opposed surface to the polymer/metal interface is removed by polishing. The results clearly show that the values of the physical and mechanical properties in those coatings depend on their thickness, but there is no gradient of properties within such coatings. Therefore, at a given thickness, those properties are homogeneous within the coating. To gain a better fundamental understanding of this behavior, a qualitative model involving the chemical reactions that take place at the epoxy/metal interface and the related diffusion phenomena is given. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 891–895, 2005
Cotton fabric graft copolymerization using microwave plasma. II. Physical properties
Authors: Abidi Noureddine , Hequet Eric
Published: July 2005

Microwave plasma treatments were applied to lightweight cotton fabric with oxygen, nitrogen, and argon at various microwave power levels and exposure times. The results showed significant effects from the type of plasma, microwave power, and treatment time on the fabric weight loss. Oxygen plasma treatment generates higher weight loss than argon plasma and nitrogen plasma. The breaking strength of the treated fabric was affected mainly by longer exposure time to the plasma. The active centers created within the cellulose macromolecules were used to initiate copolymerization reactions with the vinyl laurate monomer [CH3(CH2)10COOCHCH2]. The grafted cotton fabric showed excellent water repellency properties. Repeated home laundering of the treated cotton fabrics revealed no significant effect on the water contact angle or on the quantity of grafted vinyl laurate monomer as determined by universal attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform IR, demonstrating the good durability of the treatment that was applied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 896–902, 2005
Study on the melt fracture of metallocene poly(ethylene‐octene) in capillary flow
Authors: Tao Zhenghong , Huang Jan‐Chan
Published: July 2005

Shear viscosity and melt fracture of a metallocene poly(ethylene‐octene) were studied using a capillary rheometer and dies with different lengths. The true wall shear stresses determined at zero die length showed a dip at high shear rates. The shear viscosity was derived from the true wall shear stress. With increasing shear rates, the extrudate staged from smooth to three types of melt fracture with regular patterns, and then turned into irregular shapes. Three types of regular melt fractures—sharkskin, helix, and spiral (in sequence)—were observed with an increase of the shear rates. The wavelength of the regular melt fracture was measured from extrudates, and the corresponding frequency was calculated. The frequency increased at elevated melt temperatures. Both shear viscosity and frequency at different temperatures correlated well by using the time–temperature Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) superposition. Additionally, it was found that the frequency decreased slightly for a longer die but it increased when the shear rate went up. Three frequency functions were associated with three melt fracture patterns, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 903–911, 2005
Amplified spontaneous emission of Eu(DBM)3Phen doped step‐index polymer optical fiber by end‐pumping with a YAG
Authors: Liang Hao , Chen Biao , Zhang Qijin , Zheng Zhiqiang , Ming Hai , Guo Fuquan
Published: July 2005

Eu(DBM)3Phen doped poly(methyl methacrylate) core step‐index polymer optical fiber (SI POF) has been fabricated and related properties of the doping material were discussed. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at 613 nm of a SI POF with 40 cm length has been observed at ambient temperature by end‐pumping with a YAG at 355 nm. The threshold of the absorbed pump power for the onset of ASE is about 0.01 mJ. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 912–916, 2005
Modulation of inflammation by kininogen deficiency in a rat model of inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Sainz Irma M. , Isordia‐Salas Irma , Castaneda Julian L. , Agelan Alexis , Liu Bo , DeLa Cadena Raul A. , Pixley Robin A. , Adam Albert , Sartor R. Balfour , Colman Robert W.
Published: July 2005

Objective

To compare inflammatory peripheral arthritis in wild‐type and high molecular weight kininogen (HK)–deficient rats, both on the genetically susceptible Lewis background.

Methods

By backcrossing Brown‐Norway HK‐deficient rats with Lewis rats for 6 generations, 2 new strains were produced, wild‐type F6 and HK‐deficient F6, each with a 98.5% Lewis genome. Inflammatory arthritis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of peptidoglycan–polysaccharide (PG‐PS), and the clinical, histopathologic, and biochemical responses were compared in both strains.

Results

Eighteen days after PG‐PS injection, rats with normal concentrations of HK showed weight loss and marked increase in hind ankle diameter with severe synovial inflammation and cartilage abnormalities. In contrast, HK‐deficient rats showed no weight loss (P < 0.05), no increase in hind ankle diameter (P < 0.05), and an absence of inflammatory changes (P < 0.05), as measured by the histologic and morphometric Mankin grading system for synovial and cartilage injury.

Conclusion

Plasma HK is a key mediator of acute and chronic inflammatory arthritis in genetically susceptible Lewis rats.
Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Haas Martin , Biermann Peter , Chini Rolf , Heidt Jochen , Kollatschny Wolfram , Meusinger Helmut , Siebenmorgen Ralf
Published: July 2005

D01 Direct evidence of the receding ‘torus’ around active galactic nuclei of FRII radio galaxies and quasars

D02 Infrared emission from a clumpy and dusty torus around AGN

D03 Size and properties of AGN narrow–line regions from emission–line diagnostics

D04 Structural Variability of Intraday Variable Sources

D05 Stability of self‐gravitating accretion disks in galactic centers

D06 Supermassive Binary Black Holes in AGN

D07 The extreme flare in III Zw 2: Evolution of a radio jet in a Seyfert galaxy

D08 Radio Linear and Circular Polarization from M81*

D09 A fundamental relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Dark Matter Haloes

D10 Hunting for radio‐quiet BL Lacs – the 2dF BL Lac survey

D11 The Eddington limit in accretion discs

D12 Molecular Tori in AGN: A search using excited states of OH

D13 The X‐Ray Properties of Radio‐Loud Core‐Dominated AGN: The 2 cm‐X‐Sample

D14 The X‐Ray Properties of Radio‐Loud Core‐Dominated AGN: Extension to the High Redshift Regime

D15 Line Profile Variability in AGN

D16 Jet Superwind Interaction

D17 Radio Interferometric Observations of AGN – Probing the Nucleus of M87 with 20 Schwarzschild radii resolution

D18 The ISO–2MASS AGN survey

D19 Supermassive binary black holes driving the activity of galactic nuclei

D20 Proton acceleration at quasi‐perpendicular shocks: A case study for Active Galactic Nuclei

D21 Super‐luminal shocks in Active Galactic Nuclei

D22 Unconventional quasars from the variability and proper motion survey

D23 Radio observations of starburst and AGN activity in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

D24 Kinematics in Active Galactic Nuclei at Parsec Scales: the VLBA 2cm Survey

D25 Three‐dimensional models of clumpy tori in Seyfert galaxies

D26 Silicate emission in active galaxies ‐ From LINERs to QSOs

D27 Discovery of 10 µm silicate emission in quasars. – Evidence of the AGN unification scheme.

D28 Near‐IR adaptive optics imaging of luminous infrared galaxies

D29 Interferometric observations of the Circinus galaxy with MIDI

D30 Infrared Interferometry of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068
NIR/Optical Interferometry
Authors: Eckart Andreas
Published: July 2005

E01 VLTI‐PRIMA Fringe Tracking Testbed

E02 The Fringe and Flexure Tracking System for the LBT interferometric camera LINC‐NIRVANA

E03 GRAVITY: The AO assisted, two object beam combiner instrument for the VLTI

E04 (Re)Solving the dynamic atmospheres of carbon‐rich giants

E05 Do's and Don'ts of MIDI Data‐reduction

E06 Bispectrum speckle imaging of the ultracompact HII region K3‐50A

E07 Differential astrometry and astrometric planet searches with the VLTI

E08 First AU‐scale observations of V1647 Ori: The outbursting young star in the McNeil's Nebula

E09 Mid‐infrared imaging at the VLTI: An APreS‐MIDI image reconstruction study

E10 VLTI/MIDI observation of the silicate carbon star Hen 38 (IRAS08002‐3803): Silicate dust reservoir spatially resolved for the first time

E11 Mid‐infrared spectro‐interferometric observation of the Mira variable RR Sco with the VLTI/MIDI instrument

E12 Scientific Prospects for VLTI in the Galactic Centre: Getting to the Schwarzschild Radius

E13 VLTI near‐infrared observations of the stellar multiple system δ Velorum

E14 The first VLTI observations of the Galactic Center

E15 Bispectrum speckle interferometry of the massive protostellar outflow source IRAS 23151+5912

E16 Interferometric Observations of Infrared Companions with MIDI

E17 Evolution and radial distribution of dust in the inner 1‐10A.U. of circumstellar disks around low‐mass young stellar objects.

E18 Near‐infrared Interferometry with the AMBER Instrument of the VLTI

E19 APreS‐MIDI ‐ Interferometic Imaging in the Mid‐Infrared

E20 Mining the sky: Selection of extragalactic targets for interferometric observations
New Observing Opportunities in the Far‐Infrared and Submillimeter Range
Authors: Poglitsch Albrecht , Sturm Eckard , Stutzki Jürgen
Published: July 2005

F01 CONDOR – 1.4 THz Hetrodyne Receiver for APEX and for GREAT on SOFIA

F02 FLASH – a First Light APEX Submillimeter Heterodyne instrument

F03 GREAT – The German first light heterodyne instrument for SOFIA

F04 CHAMP+ – A powerfull submillimeter array for the APEX telescope

F05 The JamesWebb Space Telescope (JWST) and its Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI)

F06 CHARM – a Compact Heterodyne Array Receiver Module for KOSMA with Scalable Fully Reflective Focal Plane Array Optics

F07 Science with Herschel‐PACS

F08 CI/CO Mapping of IC 348 & Cepheus B using SMART on KOSMA

F09 The warm and dense interstellar medium observed with Herschel

F10 Intelligent Detectors – On‐Board Data Reduction for Future Missions

F11 The Herschel Photodetector Array Camera & Spectrometer PACS

F12 Why Astromineralogy Should Care about the Far‐infrared Range

F13 ESI: A European Imaging Far‐Infrared Spectrometer for the Japanese SPICA space observatory

F14 STAR – A 16 Pixel Terahertz Array Receiver for SOFIA

F15 FIFI LS, a Field‐Imaging Far‐Infrared Line‐Spectrometer for SOFIA

F16 Characterization of high‐ and low‐stressed Ge:Ga array cameras for Herschel's PACS instrument

F17 Herschel / PACS Guaranteed Time Programs at MPIA

F18 NANTEN2: CI and mid‐J CO surveys of clouds and galaxies of the southern sky
Galaxies and Star Clusters – From the Computer to the Real World
Authors: Spurzem Rainer , Baumgardt Holger , Berczik Peter , Boily Christian , Deiters Stefan , Kroupa Pavel , Patsis Panos
Published: July 2005

G01 New evidence for a connection between massive black holes and ULX

G02 Long‐Term Evolution of Massive Black Hole Binaries

G03 NBODY Meets Stellar Population Synthesis

G04 N‐body modelling of real globular star clusters

G05 Fokker‐Planck rotating models of globular clusters with black hole

G06 Observational Manifestation of chaos in spiral galaxies: quantitative analysis and qualitative explanation

G07 GRAPE Clusters: Beyond the Million‐Body Problem

G08 Orbital decay of star clusters and Massive Black Holes in cuspy galactic nuclei

G09 An Edge‐on Disk Galaxy Catalog

G10 Complexes of open clusters in the Solar neighborhood

G11 Search for and investigation of new stellar clusters using the data from huge stellar catalogues

G12 Computing 2D images of 3D galactic disk models

G13 Outer Pseudoring in the Galaxy

G14 Where are tidal‐dwarf galaxies?

G15 Ultra compact dwarf galaxies in nearby clusters

G16 Impact of an Accretion Disk on the Structure of a stellar cluster in active galactic nuclei

G17 Order and Chaos in the edge‐on profiles of disk galaxies

G18 On the stability of OB‐star configurations in the Orion Nebula cluster

G19 Older stars captured in young star clusters by cloud collapse

G20 General features of the population of open clusters within 1 kpc from the Sun

G21 Unstable modes in thin stellar disks

G22 From Newton to Einstein – Dynamics of N‐body systems

G23 On the relation between the maximum stellar mass and the star cluster mass
Lofar
Authors: Beck Rainer , Brueggen Marcus , Falcke Heino
Published: July 2005

H01 A first glance at LOFAR: Experience with the Initial Test Station

H02 The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) – Status and Prospects

H03 LOFAR calibration: confrontation with real WSRT data

H04 Simulations of magnetic fields in the cosmos

H05 RM structure in the polarized synchrotron emission from our Galaxy and the Perseus cluster of Galaxies

H06 Mapping the Reionization Era through the 21 cm Emission Line

H07 Spiral galaxies seen with LOFAR

H08 Software Infrastructure for Distributed Data Processing

H09 The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) – Status and Prospects

H10 Coincident cosmic ray measurements with LOPES and KASCADE‐Grande

H11 Radio relics in a cosmological cluster merger simulation

H12 Detection of radio pulses from cosmic ray air showers with LOPES

H13 Geosynchrotron radio emission from extensive air showers

H14 Imaging capabilities of future radio telescopes

H15 Digital signal processing system of Multi‐Beam Meter Wavelengths Array.

H16 The Multi‐Beam Meter Wavelengths Array

H17 Monitoring of the Solar Activity by LOFAR

H18 Calibration of LOPES30

H19 An Outreach Project for LOFAR and Cosmic Ray Detection

H20 Galactic tomography based on observations with LOFAR and Effelsberg

H21 150 MHz observations with the Westerbork and GMRT radio telescopes of Abell 2256 and the Bootes field: Ultra‐steep spectrum radio sources as probes of cluster and galaxy evolution

H22 Experience of simultaneous observations with two independent multi‐beams of the Large Phased Array

H23 GRID Computing at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe suitable for LOFAR
Formation of Brown Dwarfs and Planets: Observations, Experiments and Theory
Authors: Wuchterl Günther , Günther Eike , Helling Christiane
Published: July 2005

I01 NIR Imaging Spectroscopy of Extrasolar Planets

I02 Eccentricity growth in protoplanetary disks with embedded planets

I03 Brown dwarf atmospheres: the dust in the L – T transition region

I04 Model Atmospheres of Substellar Atmospheres at a Young Age:Influence of Gravity and Dust

I05 Detection of Planetary Transits using Wavelet Analysis and Genetic Algorithms

I06 Automated Difference Imaging for Extrasolar Planet Searches

I07 The formation of planets around stars with various masses

I08 The Multiplicity of exoplanet host stars

I09 Direct imaging of planets around young stars, the case of GQ Lup b

I10 On the Nucleation of NH3 under the Atmospheric Conditions of Jovian‐like Planets

I11 Unveiling a new low‐mass star formation site in NGC 1333 with SCUBA

I12 Linear analysis of the stability of protoplanets: Possible planetary evolutions and comparisons to the Jeans‐analysis

I13 Triggered planet formation in young stellar clusters

I14 Convective Radiation Fluid‐Dynamics: Formation and Early Evolution at the Substellar Limit and Beyond
Gas‐Phase Dehydrogenation of Methanol with Mononuclear Vanadium‐Oxide Cations
Authors: Engeser Marianne , Schröder Detlef , Schwarz Helmut
Published: July 2005

The reactions of methanol with mass‐selected V+, VOH+, VO+, and VO2+ cations are studied by Fourier‐transform ion‐cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry in order to investigate the influence of the formal oxidation state of the metal on the reactivity of vanadium–oxide compounds. Interestingly, the most reactive species is the low‐valent hydroxide cation VOH+, for which a formal condensation reaction prevails to afford VOCH3+. In contrast, atomic V+ is oxidized and the high‐valent dioxide cation VO2+ is reduced by methanol. The dehydrogenation of methanol mediated by VO+ does not involve any change of the metal's oxidation state. For the latter reaction, the experimental results are complemented by a theoretical investigation by using density functional theory.
Cyclic β‐Tetra‐ and Pentapeptides: Synthesis through On‐Resin Cyclization and Conformational Studies by X‐Ray, NMR and CD Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Büttner Frank , Norgren Anna S. , Zhang Suode , Prabpai Samran , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Arvidsson Per I.
Published: July 2005

The solution‐phase synthesis of the simplest cyclic β‐tetrapeptide, cyclo(β‐Ala)4 (4), as well as the solid‐phase syntheses through side chain anchoring and on‐resin cyclization of the cyclic β3‐tetrapeptide cyclo(‐β3hPhe‐β3hLeu‐β3hLys‐β3hGln‐) (14) and the first cyclic β3‐pentapeptide cyclo(‐β3hVal‐β3hPhe‐β3hLeu‐β3hLys‐β3hLys‐) (19) are reported. Extensive computational as well as spectroscopic studies, including X‐ray and NMR spectroscopy, were undertaken to determine the preferred conformations of these unnatural oligomers in solution and in the solid state. cyclo(β‐Ala)4 (4) with no chiral side chains is shown to exist as a mixture of rapidly interchanging conformers in solution, whereas inclusion of chiral side chains in the cyclo‐β3‐tetrapeptide causes stabilization of one dominating conformer. The cyclic β3‐pentapeptide on the other hand shows larger conformational freedom. The X‐ray structure of achiral cyclo(β‐Ala)4 (4) displays a Ci‐symmetrical 16‐membered ring with adjacent CO and N‐H atoms pointing pair wise up and down with respect to the ring plane. CD spectroscopic examinations of all cyclic β‐peptides were undertaken and revealed results valuable as starting point for further structural investigations of these entities.
Monolayers of Salen Derivatives as Catalytic Planes for Alkene Oxidation in Water
Authors: Pasc‐Banu Andrea , Sugisaki Claudia , Gharsa Thierry , Marty Jean‐Daniel , Gascon Ignacio , Krämer Michael , Pozzi Gianluca , Desbat Bernard , Quici Silvio , Rico‐Lattes Isabelle , Mingotaud Christophe
Published: July 2005

Monolayers at the gas/water interface have been used as an adjustable catalytic system in which the molecular density may be modified. MnIII–salen complexes bearing perfluoroalkyl substituents have been organized as a Langmuir film on an aqueous subphase containing a urea/hydrogen peroxide adduct (UHP, the oxidant) and cinnamyl alcohol (the substrate). The catalytic activity of the monolayer for the epoxidation of the alkene dissolved in water has been demonstrated and the reaction kinetic investigated. For a constant area per molecule of catalyst, the reaction rate exhibits first‐order dependence on oxidant concentration and zero‐order dependence on alkene concentration, in agreement with the reaction orders reported for MnIII–salen‐catalyzed epoxidation reactions carried out in solution. Furthermore, kinetic experiments suggest an enhanced activity of the catalysts assembled in a Langmuir film relative to that observed in bulk reaction. Finally, varying the molecular density of the catalyst at the gas/water interface highlights an important dependence of the catalytic activity of the layer with the mean molecular area. A strong increase of the catalytic properties of the monolayer was observed for a mean molecular area of 140–145 Å2, an increase which was supposedly related to a modification of the MnIII–salen complex orientation at the interface upon compression. This hypothesis was supported by PM‐IRRAS (polarization modulation infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy) experiments performed in situ on the monolayer. Such results demonstrate that a soft and adjustable molecular system like a Langmuir film can be used to better understand the reactivity in various heterogeneous and/or pseudohomogeneous (such as those based on dendrimers) catalytic systems.
Single‐Crystal Structure Determination of Zr50Sc12O118.
Authors: Wurst K. , Schweda E. , Bevan D. J. M. , Mohyla J. , Wallwork K. S. , Hofmann M.
Published: July 2005

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Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Films Deposited by a Hydrothermal Method.
Authors: Euphrasie Sebastien , Daviero‐Minaud Sylvie , Pernod Philippe
Published: July 2005

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New Complex Oxides of the A3n+3mA′nB3m+nO9m+6n Family: Ba6A′Mn4O15 (A′: Mg, Ni).
Authors: Bazuev G. V. , Zaitseva N. A. , Kellerman D. G.
Published: July 2005

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X‐Ray Diffraction Studies and Phase Transformations of CeNbO4+δ Using in situ Techniques.
Authors: Skinner S. J. , Kang Y.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photochromism of Novel Two‐Dimensional Supramolecular Networks Based on Keggin‐Type Polyoxoanion and Lanthanide Coordination Cations.
Authors: Zhang Hong , Duan Liying , Lan Yang , Wang Enbo , Hu Changwen
Published: July 2005

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Construction of Consecutive Chiral Non‐racemic Quaternary and Tertiary Carbon Centers: A Short Synthetic Route to (‐)‐Acetomycin.
Authors: Uenishi Jun'ichi , Kawatsura Motoi , Ikeda Daiji , Muraoka Nobuhiro
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Novel Chiral Spiro Bis(pyrazole) Ligands.
Authors: Takizawa Shinobu , Honda Yuji , Arai Midori A. , Kato Takahiro , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: July 2005

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Debenzylation of Tertiary Amines Using Phosgene or Triphosgene: An Efficient and Rapid Procedure for the Preparation of Carbamoyl Chlorides and Unsymmetrical Ureas. Application in Carbon‐11 Chemistry.
Authors: Lemoucheux Laurent , Rouden Jacques , Ibazizene Meziane , Sobrio Franck , Lasne Marie‐Claire
Published: July 2005

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Medium Ring Synthesis by Radical ipso‐Substitution.
Authors: Harrowven David C. , L'Helias Nathalie , Moseley Jonathan D. , Blumire Nigel J. , Flanagan Stuart R.
Published: July 2005

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Thermodynamically Controlled Cyclization Reactions with Double Phenylsulfanyl Migration.
Authors: Carlisle Julie , Fox David J. , Warren Stuart
Published: July 2005

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First Epoxidation Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds via Ferrocenyl Sulfur Ylides.
Authors: Miniere Stephanie , Reboul Vincent , Gomez Arrayas Ramon , Metzner Patrick , Carretero Juan Carlos
Published: July 2005

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Al‐Free Zr‐Zeolite β as a Regioselective Catalyst in the Meerwein—Ponndorf—Verley Reaction.
Authors: Zhu Yongzhong , Chuah Gaikhuan , Jaenicke Stephan
Published: July 2005

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Ligand‐Free Heck Reaction: Pd(OAc)2 as an Active Catalyst Revisited.
Authors: Yao Qingwei , Kinney Elizabeth P. , Yang Zhi
Published: July 2005

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Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐(Chloro)vinylsilanes Using a Regio‐ and (E)‐Stereoselective Bis‐Stannylation of Unsymmetrically Substituted Butadiynes: Application to the Synthesis of a Masked Triyne.
Authors: Simpkins Simon M. E. , Kariuki Benson M. , Arico Caterina S. , Cox Liam R.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of a Perfluoroalkyl‐Containing Quaternary Ammonium Salt.
Authors: Shao Hui , Jiang Li , Meng Wei‐Dong , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: July 2005

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Improved Synthesis of meso‐Aryl‐Substituted [26]Hexaphyrins.
Authors: Suzuki Masaaki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: July 2005

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Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of 1H‐Indol‐2‐yl‐1H‐quinolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Kuethe Jeffrey T. , Wong Audrey , Davies Ian W.
Published: July 2005

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Oxadiazinones as Chiral Auxiliaries: Diastereoselective Aldol Addition Reactions of N3‐Glycolyl‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,3,4‐oxadiazin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Hoover Trisha R. , Hitchcock Shawn R.
Published: July 2005

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Sulfinimine‐Mediated Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy α‐Amino Phosphonates.
Authors: Davis Franklin A. , Prasad Kavirayani R.
Published: July 2005

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Asymmetric Synthesis of Arylalanines via Asymmetric Aza‐Darzens (ADZ) Reaction.
Authors: Maguire Naomi E. , McLaren Andrew B. , Sweeney J. B.
Published: July 2005

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Glycosides of Atractylodes ovata.
Authors: Kitajima Junichi , Kamoshita Akane , Ishikawa Toru , Takano Akihito , Fukuda Tatsuo , Isoda Susumu , Ida Yoshiteru
Published: July 2005

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Xylo‐Configured Oligonucleotides (XNA, Xylo Nucleic Acids): Synthesis and Hybridization Studies
Authors: Poopeiko Nicolai E. , Dahl Britta M. , Wengel Jesper
Published: July 2005

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Transition Metal Ligands as Novel DNA‐Base Substitutes
Authors: Brotschi Christine , Leumann Christian J.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Prodrugs Bearing N‐Acetyl Nucleobases
Authors: Bres J.‐C. , Imbach J.‐L. , Morvan F.
Published: July 2005

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Imidazolethyl‐Phosphoramidate α‐Oligonucleotides
Authors: Michel T. , Mouls L. , Debart F. , Vasseur J.‐J.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and MS Analysis of Thiazolium and Pyridinium Derivatives of Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) and Peptides
Authors: Kovacs G. , Padar P. , Kupihar Z. , Kele Z. , Forgo P. , Kovacs L.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Analysis of Nucleosides Bearing Pyrrolepolyamide Binding to DNA
Authors: Kawashima Etsuko , Itoh Daisuke , Kamaike Kazuo , Terui Yusuke , Oshima Tairo
Published: July 2005

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Aryl‐β‐C‐LNA Monomers as Universal Hybridization Probes
Authors: Babu B. Ravindra , Wengel Jesper
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Properties of Oligonucleotide Chimeras Containing 5′‐Amino‐2′‐deoxy‐2′‐fluoroarabinonucleosides
Authors: Viazovkina Ekaterina , Min Kyung‐Lyum , Galarneau Annie , Damha Masad J.
Published: July 2005

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The Cleavage of the Triphosphate Bridge of a Model for the 5′‐cap mRNA Promoted by Dinuclear Bicyclic Complexes with Metal Ions
Authors: Wang Qi , Mikkola Satu , Loennberg Harri
Published: July 2005

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Nanoparticles and DNA Probes Based on DNA‐Fluorophore Conjugates
Authors: Abdalla M. A. , Bayer J. , Raedler J. , Muellen K.
Published: July 2005

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Diastereocontrolled Synthesis of Phosphorothioate DNA via an Oxazaphospholidine Approach Using a Novel Class of Activators, Dialkyl(cyanomethyl)ammonium Salts
Authors: Oka Natsuhisa , Wada Takeshi , Saigo Kazuhiko
Published: July 2005

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Understanding High Diastereomeric Discrimination in Formation of Oligoribonucleotide Phosphorothioate Linkages: The First Study of pKa‐Dependent Activation in Solid‐Supported Coupling of 2′‐O‐Substituted Ribonucleoside Phosphoramidites
Authors: Ravikumar Vasulinga T. , Cole Douglas L.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of High Quality Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides as Antisense Drugs. Use of I‐Linker in the Elimination of 3′‐Terminal Phosphorothioate Monoesters
Authors: Ravikumar Vasulinga T. , Kumar R. Krishna , Capaldi Daniel C. , Cole Douglas L.
Published: July 2005

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Reaction Mechanism for the Diastereocontrolled Synthesis of Phosphorothioate DNA by the Oxazaphospholidine Approach
Authors: Wada Takeshi , Oka Natsuhisa , Saigo Kazuhiko
Published: July 2005

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Synthetic Studies on d‐Biotin. Part 6. An Expeditious and Enantiocontrolled Approach to the Total Synthesis of d‐Biotin via a Polymer‐Supported Chiral Oxazaborolidine‐Catalyzed Reduction of meso‐Cyclic Imide.
Authors: Chen Fen‐Er , Yuan Jian‐Li , Dai Hui‐Fang , Kuang Yun‐Yan , Chu Yong
Published: July 2005

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Curtisians M—Q: Five Novel p‐Terphenyl Derivatives from the Mushroom Paxillus curtisii.
Authors: Quang Dang Ngoc , Hashimoto Toshihiro , Nukada Makiko , Yamamoto Isao , Tanaka Masami , Asakawa Yoshinori
Published: July 2005

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Report on the Electrolytic Industries for the Year 2002
Authors: Srinivasan Venkat , Lipp Ludwig
Published: July 2005

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Endohedral Metallofullerene in the Gas Phase
Authors: Maruyama Shigeo
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Methanofullerenes for Materials Science and Biological Applications
Authors: Nierengarten J.‐F.
Published: July 2005

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Reactions of Phosphorus Ylides with Acyl Chlorides: Pathways and Preparative Potential
Authors: Listvan V. N. , Listvan V. V.
Published: July 2005

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Iminogermanes
Authors: Takeda N. , Tokitoh N. , Okazaki R.
Published: July 2005

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Novel Solution‐ and Solid‐Phase Syntheses of Heterocyclic Systems
Authors: Cabon Gaelle , Gaucher Berangere , Gegout Aline , Heulle Sophie , Masquelin Thierry
Published: July 2005

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Conversions of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles Induced by Electron Transfer
Authors: Nastapova N. V. , Yanilkin V. V. , Morozov V. I. , Eliseenkova R. M. , Bredikhina Z. A. , Bredikhin A. A. , Buzykin B. I.
Published: July 2005

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Introduction to Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Coffen David L. , Luithle Joachim E. A.
Published: July 2005

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Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy for Metallofullerenes
Authors: Kato Tatsuhisa
Published: July 2005

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P(i‐BuNCH2CH2)3N: An Efficient Ligand for the Direct α‐Arylation of Nitriles with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: You Jingsong , Verkade John G.
Published: July 2005

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Tetraphosphine/Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reactions of Aryl Halides with Disubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Kondolff Isabelle , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: July 2005

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Highly Functionalized trans‐2,5‐Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans from Ribofuranoside Templates: Precursors to Linked Polycyclic Ethers.
Authors: Dabideen Darrin , Mootoo David R.
Published: July 2005

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Oxa‐di‐π‐methane Photochemical Rearrangement of Quinuclidinones. Synthesis of Pyrrolizidinones.
Authors: McClure Cynthia K. , Kiessling Anthony J. , Link Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Reactivity of Lithium Tri(quinolinyl)magnesates.
Authors: Dumouchel Sylvain , Mongin Florence , Trecourt Francois , Queguiner Guy
Published: July 2005

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A Practical Approach to the Fused β‐Carboline System. Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolo[2,3‐a]indolizidinones via a Diastereoselective Intramolecular α‐Amidoalkylation Reaction.
Authors: Ardeo Ainhoa , Garcia Eva , Arrasate Sonia , Lete Esther , Sotomayor Nuria
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of 7‐Azabenzisoselenazol‐3(2H)‐ones: A New Group of Selenium Containing Antimicrobials.
Authors: Kloc Krystian , Maliszewska Irena , Mlochowski Jacek
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles from Methyl α‐ and β‐D‐Glucopyranosides.
Authors: Pedrosa Maria Teresa Capanema , Alves Rosemeire Brondi , Prado Maria Auxiliadora Fontes , de Souza Filho Jose Dias , Alves Ricardo Jose , D' Accorso Norma Beatriz
Published: July 2005

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A New Access to Polyhydroxy Piperidines of the Azasugar Class: Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibition Studies.
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Kapur Manmohan , Khan M. Islam , Gaikwad Sushama M.
Published: July 2005

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