bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussions on the Growth Efficiency of Expansionary FiscalPolicy via Monetary Policy in ShrinkingPeriods:Wide Range of Country Analysis
Authors: Demirtaş Tuğba
Published: September 2023

There are many different opinions in the literature that expansionary fiscal policies can be effective on growth during periods of economic contraction. In this study, different approaches to expansionary fiscal policies are examined in terms of the effects and tradeoffsbetween fiscal expenditures-growth, expansionary tax policies-growth and inflation-growth. The short-term and long-term effects of fiscal policies on growth in 110 countries for the period of 2007-2016 were analyzed, taking into account the expansionary policies of the 2007-2009 period, the effect of the main growth dynamics and the interaction of monetary-fiscal policies. The results show the holistic view and effectiveness.
Market Orientation as a Comparative Advantage Tool: Ankara Province Research Example
Authors: Tokuçoğlu Yumuşak Tuba , Üner M. Mithat
Published: September 2023

Within the scope of the study, the Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition,theResource Advantage Theory,was explained and compared with the Neoclassical Perfect Competition Theory, which was criticized for not being applicable in today's economic conditions. The theory has been examined at the business level. The basis of the theory is that the solid andinimitable resources of the business give the business a competitive advantage in the market. To emphasize resource superiority, market orientation, a competitive tool, was used to support the theory statistically. Two hundred twenty-onebusinesses operating in Ankara with over twenty employees were selected as the research sample. The effect of market orientation on superior financial performance was analyzed by performing multiple linear regression analyses on the obtained data. As a result of the research, it was confirmed that market orientation is a source of comparative advantage, and the theory was statistically supported.
The Role ofOfficial Websites in Destination Branding: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rol Serkan , Sert Ayşe Nevin
Published: September 2023

In this study, it is aimed to examine the role of official destination websitesin destination branding processes. In theresearch, a systematic literaturereviewhas been applied. There were 58 related studies in total, and after inclusion and exclusion process finally a total of 36 studies were included in the systematic literature review.The main research themes of the studies reviewed in the research are; destination brand image, website features, interaction and finally destination brand personality.Official destination websitesare important in providing the information that potential tourists need from a reliable source. As a result, while these websites provide useful and reliable information for travelers, their interaction features are not at a satisfactory level. Therefore, it is suggested that these websites should also have interaction opportunities for users such as sharing experiences and communicating among each other and with destination representatives.
Inside/Out - Future Denser Living
Authors:   , Scott Rebecca
Published: September 2023

Since the 1950s the suburban ideal of the quarter-acre section has characterised the Kiwi lifestyle. However, as New Zealand's cities develop, this way of life is becoming increasingly inadequate. Standalone homes are creating sprawl throughout cities. In Wellington, the population is increasing, with anticipated growth of up to 80,000 people over the next 30 years. Increased density will likely affect how the city looks, feels, and operates dramatically. In the future medium-density dwellings will make up a larger proportion of new housing.

The nuclear family, which was idealised in western society from the post-second world war period, has since evolved; the population is becoming dramatically more diverse with a range of different age and family profiles, creating demand for a broader range of housing options. While the family unit is still present, the population's ageing, divorce rates, blended families, childless and same-sex couples as well as group and individual family structures have significantly impacted contemporary households. These complexities produce pressures for adaptable housing on a national scale.

This thesis presents an exploration for meeting national density standards requirements while occupying a smaller footprint. The objective is to design a medium-density housing (MDH) residence using design strategies that provide a mix of housing types and allow homes to adapt to residents' changing lifestyles—exploring how medium-density housing can be reinvented to appeal to the Kiwi lifestyle challenging the notions of space and form. Overall, this research suggests how to meet the need for greater density by reconsidering aspects of dwelling design and their spatial disposition
Dimensions of Character pedestal in the Novel "Nights of Adam" by Bayan Salman
Authors: Hassan Mariwan Omer , Arif Ashti Hussein
Published: September 2023

Undoubtedly, Characters are of great significance in novels cannot be written without them. Characters are comprised of a numbers of dimensions which play an important role in making the  characters. This thesis attempts to analyze the dimensions of making the characters in the novel using a descriptive analysis method.

 Our research consists of two chapters. The first part entitled” theorized the concepts of the research”, an account is given regarding the main terms of the study including “dimensions, character, the process of making character, and the types of character in novels”.  The second part entitled “the dimensions of character pedestal in the novel "Nights of Adam" by Bayan Salman”.
Ibrahim bin Haider Al-Haidari: (Died: 1157 AH) His Method and Opinions through his Interpretation of Surat Al-Ikhlas
Authors: Surchy Jamil Ali Rasool , Mustafa Ibrahim Saleh
Published: September 2023

This research deals with the efforts of a prominent Scientist of the Haidari family, who served Islam for nearly three hundred years, and stayed up nights in order to receive the satisfaction of Allah Almighty, they wrote many books on various sciences and fields which they left a great legacy, so if we compare their books with their lives, it is clear that they did not fulfill their age in vain. Among those Scientists is Ibrahim bin Haider al-Haidari (died: 1157 AH), may Allah have mercy on him-who compiled many books of science related to theology, which is considered as a basis of religion, and also in the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an through two parts, but it did not remain and became one of its lost traces, this research in question deals with the approach and opinions of the researcher Ibrahim bin Haider Al-Haydari through his elucidation of the Surat Al-Ikhlas which amends one-third of the Qur’an. Through his explanation of this surah, al-Haidari clarified the aspects related to faith and explained them in terms of language, logic, mysticism, and Sufism.
The Role of Social Relationships in Feeling Happy Empirical Study in Erbil
Authors: Bamandy Mahmood Kareem Saleem , Najar Sabah Ahmad Mohammad
Published: September 2023

The aim of this research is to knowledge levels of commitment to social relationships and feeling happy in the research sample and know the evidence between commitment to social relations and feeling happy according to research variables such as ( gender, age, occupation, economic status, marital status), with the nature of the relation ships between social relations and the feeling of happiness in order to reach the goal of the research, the researcher in a field collected in formation and used the descriptive approach in collecting information in a sample of 384 people in the center of Erbil governorate and randomly through multi-stage cluster samples and from this point of view two measures were used in addition to (gender, age, occupation, economic situation, social situation) are 32 questions and special paragraphs from the measure of social relations and 22 paragraphs for the measure of feeling happy, The research  reached the following results: There is a statistically significant variation of both social relations and the feeling of happiness according to variables (gender, age, marital status) but according to the variable of occupation there is a variation of the measure of social relations but the measure of feeling happy there is no variation, but according to the variable of (economic status) there is no statistically significant variation of social relations but for the measure of feeling happy there is a statistical variation, with a statistically significant relationship between the variables of social relations and feeling happy.
Investigating ESP Courses at Salahaddin University-Erbil from the Instructors’ Perceptions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ramadhan Yasmeen Hussein , Abdulrahman Barham Sattar
Published: September 2023

The current study aims to investigate the ESP courses at Salahaddin University-Erbil to identify the current situation of ESP programs and highlight the main challenges encountered by ESP instructors. The study hypothesizes that when the methodology and the principles of ESP are implemented appropriately in the courses at Salahaddin University, the teaching/learning process is likely to be more efficient. Moreover, when the ESP instructors understand the nature of ESP teaching, the quality of ESP courses can be improved. To achieve the aim of the study, the researchers employed a 20-question semi-structured interview for data collection; the study instrument was divided into several parts including instructors’ knowledge and expertise, conceptualizing the concept and the objectives of ESP, the nature of implementing the stages of ESP course design, the nature of collaboration, and instructors’ perceptions about the main issues. The sample of the study consisted of (7) instructors of ESP courses in non-English majors departments at Salahaddin University- Erbil. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively focusing on specific certain themes. Moreover, the results indicated that the ESP courses taught at Salahaddin University-Erbil did not meet the requirements of ESP courses. Besides, the instructors highlighted some main problems that led to the failure to achieve the objectives of the course; the reasons are the students’ poor linguistic level, time constraints, lack of background knowledge and linguistic literacy, large classes, and students’ low motivation.
The impact of social relations on Job performance in government institutions
Authors: Hussen Aram Ibrahem , Qadir Ali Mohiaddin
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to find out the effect of social relationships among employees of public institutions on the performance of their duties, as well as to present the level of social relationships of employees inside and outside the institutions.  Then, based on the data obtained from the survey of 270 units, and then analyzed the data with statistical tools, it was concluded that informal social relationships have an impact on the performance of employees.  There are also differences between men and women in the level of social relationships of employees outside the institutions.
Mass Control and The Abuse of Technology in Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451.
Authors: Ahmed Brwa Ridha , Abdul Zanyar Kareem
Published: September 2023

This article shows a kind of dystopian culture that controls citizens differently. Fahrenheit 451 is a genre which is possible to research and analyze; particularly the author attempts to ridicule society while simultaneously serving as a warning to the audience by illustrating what may happen to the world. It portrays an image of a totalitarian dystopia. Also, this novel was written by an author who was famous in the world and had a noble prize. On the other way, the abuse of technology is the other main issue in this paper, which is used for controlling people and spying on them.
Women Friendship and Oppression by Men in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus
Authors: Hassan Zhyan Omar , Mohammed Pshtiwan Faraj
Published: September 2023

Feminism, which has many types and waves, is an awareness of women's oppression in society and within the family through conscious actions to change this injustice condition and achieve equality for women. This study uses feminist literary criticism to analyze Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus. The study questions the oppression of women by men in Nigerian society as well as how women's friendship with each other develops their empowerment. It also demonstrates how the novel's female characters reflect the oppression of women. therefore, as the story develops, attempts will be made in order to show how African women are seen based on the real and good women as portrayed by Ifeoma and Beatrice. Moreover, it reveals that Adichie's method for confronting male oppression implies that, despite the difficulties they face, women are able to identify themselves and achieve their goals in the male-dominant world through education and friendship.
Teaching conversational skill in the Arabic language department at Raparin University, problems and solutions
Authors: Muhammed Adnan Amen , Omer Diary Kamal
Published: September 2023

This research, which is part of my master's thesis, aims to clarify the linguistic problems (grammar, morphology and sound) in the process of teaching conversational skill in the Department of Arabic Language at Raparin University, with proposing solutions that the researcher thinks are likely to solve those problems, and the researcher's work To know these problems by teaching the speaking skill for a full academic year (2021-2022 AD) and using two study tools, namely: the oral test card and the questionnaire), accompanied by the subject’s professor (Twana Qader Saber Al-Khalkani).
The participation of koye Muhammed Mala (the big Mullah) in the political field
Authors: Hassan Yasin Xalid , Abdullah Abdullah Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Malai Gawra (Mala Mohammadi Koi) is the son of Mala Abdullah, the son of Mala Asaad, the son of Mala Abdulrahman whose family is known as (Jali Zada). He was born in Koya in 1876 and died in 1943. Through a brief look at the history of this family which takes more than 500 years we realize that they have played a great role and participated in social and political events of their time. During 67 years of Malai Gawra's life he witnessed and took part in three different changes and historical stages such as, the end of Ottoman empire era (Abdul Hamid II, Itihad and Taraqi, the English invasion of Kurdistan and Iraq, and the monarchy era in Iraq; Faisal I and his son Ghazi).

This study aims at analyzing the outlook and participation of Malai Gawra in the political matters and events of his era along with analyzing three foremost stages and political events he contributed in through analytical and descriptive methods.
The balance between text and image in TV news editing The example of the 8:00 PM news bulletin on NRT & K24 Analytical and comparative research
Authors: Hama Yohan Othman , Amin Shna Ahmed
Published: September 2023

This research entitled (The Balance between text and image in TV news editing) is an attempt to clarify the balance between two main elements, which are text and image in the TV news editing process on Kurdish satellite channels. The research explores how TV channels use text-image balance in news broadcasting.

 

     The main objective of this study is exploring the methods of balancing between text and image in news editing. The researcher relies on descriptive and content analysis methods to achieve its objectives. The research follows some methods of collecting data including monitoring and note-taking, interviews, surveys. 

 

     The main finding of this research is: K24 keeps balance between text and image in news stories related to political, economic, partisan, governmental, military, environmental, and religious. In contrast, NRT follows balancing only in news stories involving governmental, partisan, and organizational. The results show that K24 is using balance more than NRT. This research also shows that both channels are working on that breaking news and current affairs by using description and showing the images when available. In their news editing they show the same angles and frames that are new and they use different sources. They use more (Cut effect) in editing, which is one of the crucial and suitable effects of news editing on TV.
The Relationship Between Public International Law And Domestic Law In The International Perspective and the Effects on it due to Globalization
Authors: Hasan Shaheen Qasim , Mustafa Kamal Saady
Published: September 2023

This research, titled "The Relationship between Public International Law and Domestic law in the Perspective of Treaties and International Caselaw and the Effects of Globalization - Analytical Study-" tries to highlight the relationship between public international law and domestic law from the point of view of international treaties and international caselaw, through the judgments of international arbitration, Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice, as well as the positions of international criminal tribunals, and it examines the changes in this relationship as a result of the effects of globalization.

Through this endeavor, it was concluded that the position of international treaties has been and continues to prevail over domestic laws when there is a conflict or collision between their rules, and along with international legal provisions, there is an abundant caselaw that have supported the position of international treaties in this regard. Moreover, globalization has affected the relationship between public international law and domestic law by trying to unify international legal rules and domestic laws, and then work to build a unified legal block that is not assigned to a specific geographical spot.
The relationship between Iran and Russia1848-1896 A research about the political relationship.
Authors: Abdullah Nashmil Sabr , Qader Mahdi Muhammad
Published: September 2023

The failure of Iran's in the wars against Russia, then the agreement of Gulistan in 1813 and the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828 which caused the increase of Russian authority in Iran, according to that agreement Russia got the right to take a number of privileges ،imposition of border agreement and open some consulates. The Russians were able to act as they wished. Iran's authority didn't matter much in managing their plans and works, they followed complete independence. Any protest by Iranian officials and senior officials politically and militarily, Russia would have tried to resolve it through bribes and promises. The result of all the wars and agreements between them was just a big loss and fine by Iran, A wide area of Iran become part under Russian control. this left an impact on all sides especially the capitalist law after it was implemented in Iran. The arrival of( Alexander Griboyedoff) as Russian ambassador in the era of Fath- Ali Shah and then killing the ambassador are clear evidence of Russia's illegal interference in the affairs of that country. Russia was always trying to expand its powers in Iran against its rivals especially Britain. For this reason, whenever getting any privileges by Britain in the same way Russia was trying to get the same privileges. The conflict between Russia and Britain in Iran and their attempts to establish power and more getting their interests were the direct reason for their strengthening and interfering in iran's internal and external affairs.
The manuscript of the scholar Mullah Abd al-Rahman al-Binjwini on the (Jama' Al-jawame') From the topic of (All) from the topics of (Al-letters) to (General)
Authors: Salih Dler Ali
Published: September 2023

This study attempts to investigate part of a valuable manuscript on the book (Jama' Al-jawame') in the Science of Fundamentals of Jurisprudence (Elm Usul al-Fiqih) by the scholar Mulla Abdul Rahman Al-Binjwini (died in:1319m)، From the topic of (Al-kul) from the topics of (Al-Huruf) to (al-Aam)، Relying on three copies of the manuscript with the author's life، study of the book، the author's approach to the manuscript، a description of the written versions، my work in the investigation، and at the end the list of sources and references.
Examining the indicators of the relationship between Psychological Resilience and Burnout among psychosocial counsellors who work at the prisons of the Kurdistan Region – Iraq
Authors: Ali Karmand Aziz , Aziz Izaddin Ahmad
Published: September 2023

In the initial observations of the performance of prison staff, the researchers find out that psychosocial counsellors who work at the prisons face psychological stress when dealing with prisoners. The prisoners have different characteristics and personalities from individuals outside prisons due to the nature of life and dealings inside prisons. Having stress could reflect negatively on the counsellor’s work and professional performance, which may raise the possibility of exposure to psychological pressure and loss of interest in work in general, this case may consider one of the indicators of psychological combustion. The current research aims to identify the relationship between psychological resilience and burnout among psychosocial counsellors in the Kurdistan Region prisons, the research sample was 100 counsellors, (78 males and 22 females). To measure psychological resilience Holling scale (1996) developed by Maltby (2016) that included three dimensions was used. Maslach’s (1981) scale, which included three dimensions, was used to measure burnout. To analyze the data, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach alpha, one- and two-way t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used. The results show that psychosocial counsellors have high levels of psychological resilience. However, they recorded low levels of psychological burnout. In addition, resilience and burnout significantly correlated negatively. There are insignificant differences in psychological resilience depending on gender. Yet, females recorded higher levels in the field of Emotional exhaustion for burnout than males, while the differences between males and females on depersonalization, and personal accomplishment components were insignificant.
'Rebellion as an Avant-Garde Spirit in Handren's Poetry
Authors: Abdulghafur Hazhar Ahmed , Naqab Hadar Safari
Published: September 2023

The leadership of authors and artists has long been a significant issue, concerning the existence and nature of art and literature. Also, it has always been discussed that literature and art are concerning issues, inventing new things, and having perspectives that ordinary people are not capable to feel, know or do them. Thus, there has always been a sort of differentiation or specialty among artists. In the modern era, this has been known as being avant-garde. The present study is entitled 'Rebellion as an Avant-Garde Spirit in Handren's Poetry'. It is an attempt to explain and explore the avant-garde character of the poet. The study attempts to manifest avant-gardism in the rebellious character of the poet. To do so, the study analyzes the sociopolitical background of the poet's life. This has been done by using the analytical descriptive method. Through collecting and analyzing the data, the research found and can argue that the author is criticizing society and the views on Kurdish political tradition. He, therefore, can be assumed as an embodiment of an avant-garde spirit.
Effects of (Red Bull) energy drink in developing some physical capacities and heart rate in Koya University handball team
Authors: Issa Tawana Shaker , Taher Zain Bayz , Rash Fereydoun Qadir Hama
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to the followings:

Identifying the level of some of the functional and physical talents possessed by the players that were selected from Koya University.

An introduction to the effects that alcohol (red bull) has on some of the functional and physical capacities of a selected group of Koya University athletes

The research hypothesis was:

There are significant differences between the pre and post- test results in some physical aspects and heart rate.

Performance trial-design via experimental approach was used for its suitability with the research problem. Handball players were chosen from Koya University consisting of six players. The practical experiment was drinking the energy drink (Red Bull، 250ml) for five days and in the sixth day drink one can of red bull about one hour before the post tests. Following a discussion of the findings and the application of some straightforward statistical tools، the following findings emerged from the research:

There is no effect of energy drink (red bull) on improving the level of physical capacities.

No significant differences between the outcomes of the minute test carried out by indigenous people and those carried out by outsiders.

There is a significant difference in the heart rate between the pre and post- tests.

Recommendations:

According to the research، energy drink is not recommended to the public before performing effort. This is due to the fact that this energy drink is not sufficient to boost the physical capacities in the participants of the study.

Raising the athletes’ health awareness that energy drinks cannot be used as a substitute to natural energy and it is more detrimental to the body than it is useful.

Large amount shouldn’t be drank because it can have a detrimental effect on health and raises risk of having a heart disease، high blood pressure، kidney disease، and a number of other issues.

Undertaking further research and studies comparable to those described above with regard to various types of energy drinks، physical factors، and additional activities for a variety of sports.
The Impact of using Computerized Accounting Information Systems in detecting Fraud; An analytical study for the construction sector in KRG
Authors: Saeed Vyan Sulaiman Hama , Hama Ayar Shirwan
Published: September 2023

This academic paper investigates whether accounting fraud has been detected with the use of computerized accounting information systems (CAIS) and what can be done to protect a company’s fear resources from theft or misuse. Even though organizations in the current era are confronted with technological advancements, but still no previous study in the construction sector has investigated these subject matters through the lens of CAIS.

To obtain the objectives of the study, self-administrated questionnaires were designed on a five-point Likert scale to collect data, judgment sampling was applied, and the sample size was 140. Independent variables of the study represent features of CAIS, while dependent variables represent detecting fraud. Empirically the statistical SPSS software has been used to analyse the identified data and concluded results indicate features of CAIS through internal control, audit procedures and good governance as construct moderating variables enable organizations to detect fraud.
Analysis of the water-climatic balances by the Thornthwaite method in Dukan district
Authors: Karim Taha Ahmad , Mohammed Pshtiwan Ali , Rassul Mohammed Qadir
Published: September 2023

Water balances in any area are one of the main factors affecting water revenue, the natural environment, and vegetation cover. Water balance refers to the contribution of rainfall, temperature, evaporation, and impact on surface and groundwater in each region. In this research, an analytical and descriptive method was used to analyse the climate data used at Dukan climate station to determine the total amount of water between (2000-2022), which reached (1714.6 mm) For nine (9) months of the year, we have a shortage of water; only three (3) months have surpluses of water, which reached 130.1 mm. To prove whether the evaporation taken from Dukan climate station is the true evaporation of the water balance in the study area, we used the Thornthwaite equation to find out the true water balance based on temperature and annual rainfall for the same period. The results showed that the area had a water shortage of (1287.3 mm) for six (6) months and a surplus of (390.5 mm) for six (6) months. At the same time, the total evaporation, or evapotranspiration, reached (1461.9 mm). Based on the water balance equation, using scientific resources, and showing the relationship between precipitation and evaporation, the research concluded that the water balance varies from year to year depending on the amount of rainfall in the study area, but in general there is a water shortage in the study area during the year, and the highest water shortage in the region is in the summer months.
The level of productive mind habits among managements of basic Education schools
Authors: Awrahman Nawzad Ali
Published: September 2023

Research problem: The researcher confirmed that people who do not have the habits of the productive mind (Produed Habits of Mind) enough in terms of content، they are incapable of the necessary and logical measures to address the obstacles and problems in human life، and he is unable to adopt good planning for crisis management and do what it is enough to follow all material and human means to end these crises. School principals، Summary of the during their administrative career، may be exposed to various types of environmental and personal pressures and obstacles. On the psychological level، their lack of control over administrative and educational matters and their tendency to negative thinking may lead to psychological or academic problems، which may negatively affect their effectiveness and administrative efficiency and solution. Administrative problems.

The importance of the subject of our research stands behind how the mechanism and quality of human thinking work towards finding the manufacture of constructive and productive ideas to address and challenge the problems that people face through moving forward; because productive thinking has a relationship with rational thinking that qualifies its owner to develop plans and draw the coordinates of his life’s work And how to explore loopholes to reach its goals.

The aim of the current research is to identify the levels of habits of the productive mind of school principals، and are there statistically significant differences in the habits of the productive mind according to the variables (gender، years of functional service، work location ). The Productive Mind Habits scale was used on a sample of (55)، with (51) males and (4) females.

The results showed statistically significant levels، the sample was generally at a high level of productive thinking. There was no statistically significant difference in the productive thinking according to (gender، years of functional service، and work location); However، there are statistically non-significant differences in the productive thinking according to (gender، years of functional service، and work location) in favor of (males، years of service from 21-40، outside the district center).
The level of use of e-learning in social sciences lessons in primary schools in Sulaimani from the perspective of teachers
Authors: Mahmood Fareeda Muhammad , Muhammad Solaf Faiq , Saeed Fouad Khalid
Published: September 2023

The aim of the researchers is to determine the level of use of e-learning in social sciences lessons in primary schools in Sulaimani from the perspective of teachers for the academic year (2021-2022). The researchers relied on the descriptive analytical method according to the nature of the research. The study population consists of all social science teachers in primary schools of the third circle in both eastern and western education of Sulaimani, which numbered (148) schools. The sample consists of (254) teachers in both eastern and western education of Sulaimani (151) He was a female teacher, The survey form was created based on an open survey for some of the teachers of the research sample and sources and research related to this topic and then published in the research community to collect different opinions of social science teachers in both education, The content of the survey form consisted of a number of scientific and educational topics,  After preparing the tool and determining the accuracy of the measure according to the opinion of experts. Then to determine the stability of the survey form, based on the method of halving and alpha-Cronbach stability of the tool was determined The sample of the study was implemented using statistical equations, with the analysis of variables (gender, academic degree, specialty and years of service) using the program (SPSS). In order to show the difference. The researchers has found that the level of e-learning in social sciences in terms of teachers is generally at a high level, and there is no statistic difference in the level of e-learning among social science teachers according to gender variated. There is no statistical difference in the use of e-learning among social science teachers according to the specialty variable, however, the results show that there is a statistical difference in the use of e-learning among social science teachers according to the variable years of service.
Illusion and Reality in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
Authors: Mohammed Samal Marf
Published: September 2023

One of the fundamental keys to Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is the division between illusion and reality. This study aims to demonstrate these two notions and how they function in the novel.  Most of the events which take place in Marry Shelley’s Frankenstein are related to illusion and reality. The characters are planning for a specific result and the structure of their plans seems to be something, but in reality, their plans become something different as they are based on illusions. Although this notion is mostly related to the protagonist of the novel, Victor Frankenstein and his creature, the Monster, it has reflected in the perception of other characters as well, like Robert Walton’s journey to North Pole, people’s concern over the Monster, the Monster’s perception to DeLacey family, the readers' perception of Alphonse Family and Justine Moritz’s idea about her sins. The analysis of this study focuses on the illusion of these characters as they believe in their truth, a seeming reality, a fabricated truth and their incapability to distinguish reality from illusion which leads to their downfall because they refuse the reality of their lives.
Afrocentric Study of Black Female Identity in Alice Childress’s Wine in the Wilderness
Authors: Ahmed Shokhan Rasool
Published: September 2023

African American playwrights always tend to manifest their African heritage and culture (Afrocentrism) through their plays. In other words, Afrocentrism means African centered-ness. Afrocentrism or Afrocentricity basically focuses on Africans and places African history, heritage and culture at the heart of any analysis. One of the Afrocentric writers is Alice Childress whose texts generally center on the devastating effects of racial discrimination, sexism and classism on women of colour.

This study is principally concerned with the one-act play of Alice Childress, Wine in the Wilderness, which was written in 1964 and was first performed in 1969 in Boston, Massachusetts, as part of the series, “On Being Black”. In Wine in the Wilderness, Childress is bound by history and tradition since several references can be found in the play that considers Africa as a homeland and wellspring of strength. This paper investigates some questions such as: how does Alice Childress employ the Afrocentric value in the play? What is the purpose of Afrocentrism in the play? Who best represents Afrocentrism throughout the play? This paper delineates that Tommy, as an undereducated heroine and as a true Afrocentrist female in the play, is proud of her black culture and her blackness.
Case theory in Kurdish and Arabic A comparative study
Authors: Hamasalh Rezan Mahmood , Khoshnaw Nariman Abdullah
Published: September 2023

This research has been written under the title: The Grammatical Case in Kurdish and Arabic Languages: A Comparative Study. The research aims to identify points of similarities and differences between the grammatical case in Standard Arabic and Kurdish language (Sorani dialect/Sulaymaniyah subdialect).

The importance of the research lies in its usage - for the first time – of the modern transformational generative theory to compare Kurdish and Arabic languages. The research – with excluding the summary and introduction - consists of two axes:  The first axis talks about the principles of the grammatical case model. As for the second axis deals with grammatical case patterns and their application in the two mentioned languages.

The search ends with displaying the results and a list of sources and references.
Virtual Learning and Memory Dissonance
Authors: Ismail Nyak Mutia , Sabrina Sabrina
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to find out declarative memory recalls during online classes. Using a qualitative approach, the instruments used were simple and difficult word-sets. The data were collected through Zoom and WhatsApp platforms and later analyzed using interactive analysis. The results revealed two dissonances encountered: Informational Loss and Built-Up Dissonance. Initially, in the simple-word set, the majority of the students encountered Informational Loss 74 times (after 30 seconds) increasing to 97 times (after 30 minutes). In difficult word sets, it occurred 144 times, increasing to 154 times within identical spans. Regarding Built-Up Dissonance, it occurred 19 times (after 30 seconds), decreasing to 13 times (after 30 minutes) in simple word sets, and 27 times (after 30 seconds), increasing to 30 times (after 30 minutes) in difficult word sets. Surprisingly, it was found that in the recall test, linguistic buffering was generally employed instead of visual buffering. This finding helps teachers understand that virtual learning prompts need to be accompanied by activities involving procedural memory to minimize dissonances.
The Practicality of Developing a Multi-Split Model Based on the Hands-on-Mind Approach as a Reconstruction of Basic Literacy and Character Values
Authors: Thamrin Lily , Ghasya Dyoty Aulia Gilda , Pranata Rio
Published: September 2023

West Kalimantan is a province in Indonesia with the longest border with foreign countries. Therefore, education in these areas must be paid close attention to so that students can obtain optimal learning competency results and master basic literacy and character values as catalysts for understanding, awareness, and attitudes toward the pillars of national and state life. This study aims to determine the practicality of developing a multi-split model based on the hands-on-mind approach that can be used to reconstruct basic literacy and character values in the border areas of West Kalimantan and Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used was research and development (R&D). The source of the data in this study was obtained from the results of field trials; thus, the practicality of developing a multi-split model based on the hands-on-mind approach observed by two teachers could be seen. The results of the practicality analysis showed that (1) the implementation of learning using a multi-split model based on a hands-on-mind approach reached an average score of 3.23 with good criteria, (2) student activities got an average score for each activity of at least 3.16 with good criteria and (3) the obstacles experienced by students were not familiar with the pattern of the learning process using this model; consequently several student activities could not run optimally.
The Comparison Between Students of Coeducational Schools and Single-Sex School in Malaysia
Authors: Azhari Ahmad Husam Bin , Akil Nadia Amira Binti Mohd , Aidi Dinie Syazwani Binti Badrul , Shah Fatin Usyairah Binti Mohd , Anuar Sharifah Miza Farhana Binti Said , Ujang Suriyati
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to determine which type of school appeared to be better because it has been a concern for parents when choosing schools for their children. The study also compared pupils’ socio-emotional, peer victimization, extracurricular achievements, academic performance, and career aspirations in three types of schools in Kuantan, Pahang. Data from three different schools were collected using a single cross-sectional with probability sampling design and analyzed using R programming. The result showed that pupils in girls’ schools performed better in mathematics and science than in boys’ and coeducational schools. Furthermore, pupils in boys’ schools were more interested in extracurricular activities than in coeducational schools. However, it was found that pupils in girls’ schools were more inspired to determine their future careers as compared to pupils in boys’ schools. Therefore, the study concluded that single-sex school was better regarding academic performance, career aspiration, peer victimization, and extracurricular activities. The study results suggest that students or parents choose the best path or school for their future endeavors.
Anies Rasyid Baswedan’s Political Communication in Facing the 2024 Election
Authors: Lestanata Yudhi
Published: September 2023

This study analyzes how Anies Rasyid Baswedan’s political communication is in preparation for the upcoming 2024 elections. In this study, we used a qualitative strategy that incorporated the Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) Miner methodology into our content, network, and cloud analysis using the Nvivo 12 Plus software. The results of this study indicate that account intensity also describes how Anies Rasyid Baswedan carries out political communication or branding activities. The @aniesbaswedan account has the most significant overall and quarterly tweet intensity, with 79.65% of tweets having a restoration sub-theme. This account also has the highest power for the total number of tweets. The 2024 election subtheme generated 11.43% of tweets; finally, the political subtheme was 9.52%. In analyzing the contents of information dissemination related to Anies Rasyid Baswedan’s political communication, his account has carried out direct outreach regarding politics in the face of the 2024 election. In the end, social media has become a place to share political information about Anies Rasyid Baswedan
O Estado da Arte Sobre a Utilização de Jogos Para o Ensino de Química Ambiental e Educação Ambiental
Authors: Gonzalez Beatriz Cruz , Soares Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa
Published: September 2023

O ensino de diversas áreas vem se modificando diante das inúmeras transformações decorrentes principalmente da revolução digital. Nas áreas de Química Ambiental e Educação Ambiental não poderia ser diferente. Assim, este trabalho visa trazer o estado da arte de publicações sobre o uso de jogos no ensino das áreas em questão, buscando delinear um cenário em relação aos seguintes aspectos pedagógicos: classificação dos jogos de acordo com Roger Caillois, tipo de jogo utilizado, público alvo, discussão da cultura lúdica e tema do jogo. Analisamos vinte e cinco publicações que incluíram um total de quarenta e seis jogos adotados para alunos do Ensino Fundamental até o Ensino Superior. Como resultados da presente pesquisa pudemos verificar que os jogos mistos do tipo agôn + alea se sobressaíram dentre os demais e os jogos pedagógicos foram preferidos diante dos didáticos. Notamos também que a maior parte dos trabalhos abrangeu uma breve discussão sobre a cultura lúdica inerente aos jogos e por fim, vimos que os temas dos jogos que prevaleceram foram aqueles relacionados à poluição atmosférica, à poluição da água e aos resíduos sólidos. Observando as produções encontradas e as inúmeras benesses no ensino provenientes do uso de jogos, entendemos que o lúdico no ensino de Química Ambiental e Educação Ambiental é ainda muito pouco explorado. Assim, precisamos que o presente campo de pesquisa seja mais difundido culminando no maior uso de jogos nestas áreas, para que possamos debater tal tema de forma mais profunda e assídua.
Dil öğretiminde kullanılan dijital yardımcılar: Web 2.0 araçları
Authors: KÖKÇÜ Yelda
Published: September 2023

Dil öğretimi ile ilgili olarak geçmişten günümüze çeşitli yöntem ve teknikler kullanılmakta ve dil öğretim süreci kolaylaştırılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Tarihsel gelişim süreçleri de göz önünde bulundurulduğunda davranışçı, bilişsel ve yapılandırıcı dil öğretim yaklaşımları aracılığıyla etkili dil öğrenme yollarının keşfedilmesine odaklanılmıştır. Bu yollardan biri de bilgi teknolojilerinin dil öğretim sürecinde etkili bir şekilde kullanımıdır. Teknolojinin eğitim ortamlarında kullanımı, bireyin öğrenme dinamiklerini olumlu yönde etkileyerek etkileşimli sınıf ortamlarının tasarlanmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Dil öğrenme ortamlarında teknolojinin sürece entegre edilmesi ise daha yenilikçi ve işlevsel ortamların kullanımına zemin hazırlar. Bu noktada Web 2.0 araçlarından yararlanmak öğreticilere zamanın verimli kullanımı, etkileşimli öğrenme ortamlarının oluşturulması ve mekândan bağımsız öğretim noktalarında kolaylık sağlarken öğrencileri de dil öğrenme konusunda motive etmektedir. Aynı zamanda Web 2.0 araçlarının sanal sınıf oluşturma, e-içerik hazırlama, interaktif sınıf ortamı yaratma, ölçme ve değerlendirme yapma gibi avantajları, söz konusu araçların tercih edilme sıklıklarını artırmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel yöntemlerden doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda dil öğretim sürecinde yaygın olarak kullanılan Web 2.0 araçları tespit edilmiş ve araştırmada Voki, Padlet, Learning Apps, Learn Turkish Words and Verbs with Flashcards, Wordwall, Dualingo, Turkish Alphabet for Students, Mondly, Storybird, Memrise, Busuu, Babbel, Speaky, Rosetta Stone, HiNative uygulamalarına yer verilerek Web 2.0 araçları uygulama görselleri ile desteklenerek açıklanmıştır. Bu sayede dil öğretim sürecinde kullanılabilecek avantajlı dil öğretim araçları belirlenerek tasarlanacak yeni uygulamalara ışık tutulacaktır.
Dil becerilerinin geliştirilmesinde oyunlaştırmanın kullanımı: Bir bibliyometrik analiz çalışması
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Işıl , ÖZKAYA Perihan Gülce
Published: September 2023

Bu araştırmada dil becerilerinin gelişiminde oyunlaştırmanın kullanıma yönelik yapılmış olan çalışmaların Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanındaki eğilimi incelenmiştir. Betimsel araştırma olarak desenlenen araştırma kapsamında WoS veri tabanında yer alan dil becerileri ve dil eğitimi üzerinde oyunlaştırmanın kullanılmasına dayanan 78 çalışmanın bibliyometrik analizi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar 2014-2022 yılları arasında dağılım göstermektedir. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler; makale ve atıf sayıları, en çok atıf alan yazarlar, en çok atıf alan makaleler, en çok kullanılan anahtar kelimeler, en etkin ülkeler, en etkin kurumlar, en etkin dergiler olmak üzere yedi kategoride bibliyometrik analize tabi tutulmuştur. Ayrıca en çok atıf alan yazarlara, makalelere, en çok kullanılan anahtar kelimelere, en etkin ülkelere, kurumlara, dergilere yönelik bibliyometrik ağ haritalarına yer verilmiştir. Bibliyometrik analizler ve ağ haritaları VOSviewer_1.6.16 programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda analizler sonucu ortaya çıkan veriler tablolaştırılmış ve elde edilen verilere yönelik ağ haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan tablolar ve ağ haritaları betimlenerek yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Dil eğitimi ve dil becerilerinin gelişimi konusunda oyunlaştırmanın kullanıldığı çalışmaların bibliyometrik analizinin yapıldığı bu çalışmada oyunlaştırmanın dil becerileri alanında son yıllarda yaygınlaşan ve popülerliğini arttıran bir yöntem olduğu görülmüştür. Yayınların en fazla ikinci dil öğretiminde ve dil becerileri açısından genel olarak okuma ve yazma becerisi alanında yoğunlaşmış olması diğer dil becerilerinde de oyunlaştırma yöntemine yönelik çalışma yapılması ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarından hareketle dil becerilerinin gelişiminde oyunlaştırmanın kullanımı üzerine yapılan çalışmaların dünyadaki eğilimini incelemenin, Türkçe eğitiminde ve Türkçe dil becerilerinin geliştirilmesinde oyunlaştırmanın kullanımı konusunda çalışma yapmak isteyen araştırmacılar için yol gösterici nitelikte olacağı düşünülmektedir.