bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How fear developed from an object to a subject experiencer verb
Authors: Zimmermann Richard
Published: December 2024

This paper offers quantitative observations on the argument structural change from object to subject experiencers
for the verb fear (from causative ‘frighten’ to stative ‘feel fear’) during late medieval and Early Modern
English. The empirical statements are based on a corpus of 7.5m words spanning 1350–1600. The paper explores the precise time
course of the change, disambiguating cues and ambiguous contexts, the influence of other lexical items, and other facts. In so
doing, it reconstructs the history of the argument structure change in fear. It introduces a concept of
“polysemous competition” as a more abstract type of change exemplified by this specific case, presents a survey of observable
phenomena that may generally accompany such a development, and discusses other implications.
Generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy fractal cosmology with observational constraint
Authors: Bhoyar S R , Ingole Yash B , Kale A P
Published: December 2024

In this work, we explore dark energy models, mainly ghost, generalized ghost, and generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy models within the framework of fractal cosmology. To obtain solutions for the field equations, we employed a parameterization of the deceleration parameter, as proposed by R. K. Tiwari. By utilizing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis, we impose constraints on the free parameters of the derived solutions. The analysis is based on observational datasets, including 57 data points from the Observational Hubble Data (OHD) and, 1048 points from the Pantheon Supernovae sample. This approach allows us to assess the viability of the dark energy models in describing the current cosmic expansion. According to the effective equation-of-state parameter, the model maintains itself in the quintessence era and ultimately switches into the Einstein-de Sitter model. Furthermore, we investigate the statefinder, jerk, snap, and lerk parameters. The energy conditions of each model satisfy the weak and null energy conditions but violate the strong energy condition. We find that the Om(z) curves for the data samples exhibit a consistently negative slope throughout the entire range.
Wi-TCG: a WiFi gesture recognition method based on transfer learning and conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Li Fenfang , Liang Yongguang , Liu Gaoyuan , Hao Zhanjun , Weng Chujie , Luo Ping
Published: December 2024

With the rapid progress of WiFi technology, WiFi-based wireless sensing technology has opened up new ways for contactless human-computer interaction. However, hand gesture recognition technology faces low-quality data sets, insufficient model robustness, poor universality when the application scenario changes, high training costs, and weak generalization ability. To this end, this study innovatively proposes the Wi-TCG method, which combines transfer learning and conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) to optimize WiFi gesture recognition. This method uses commercial Wi-Fi devices to collect channel state information (CSI) of gesture actions. It innovatively extracts Doppler shift image data as the input of CGAN to generate virtual data with similar characteristics to expand the training sample set. The network is fine-tuned using transfer learning techniques to recognize multiple gesture action categories in different scenarios accurately. In tests of two new natural scenes and six new gesture categories, the Wi-TCG method achieved a high recognition accuracy of 93.1%, providing strong support for applying WiFi-based wireless sensing technology in contactless human-computer interaction.
Crashworthiness of an improved cake-cutting multi-cell tube under three-point bending
Authors: Yang Zheng , Zhou Yang , Chen Jie , Cui Yingying , Ouyang Wenquan , Cheng Siqin , Gao Qiang , Tao Ran
Published: December 2024

Increasing the number of corners has shown great potential for improving the energy absorption of thin-walled pipes. In order to further improve the bending strength and energy absorption performance of the thin-walled tubes, an improved multi-cell thin-walled tube is proposed by adding three rib plates to a straight thin-walled tube structure. A three-point bending numerical model is established to clarify the bending mechanical properties of the proposed cake-cutting multi-cell tube. The results show that at the maximum number of cakes, the deformation is more stable and the specific energy absorption is 3.5 times higher than that of a traditional circular thin-walled pipe. When the loading angle is 60°, the specific absorption energy reaches the best, which is 1.1 times that when the loading angle is 30°. When the loading angle is 60°, the peak impact force is maximum when the distance between the rib position and the center of the circle is 12 mm. At other loading angles, the maximum peak impact force is achieved at a distance of 8 mm. This work indicated the effectiveness of the cake-cutting method in improving the bending strength of the thin-walled tube, which deserves more attention in future work.
Stabilization of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Utilizing a Minimally Invasive Approach: A Novel Technique
Authors: Shoji Monica , Park John B. , Ilchuk Alexy , Harper Carl M.
Published: December 2024

Treatment of symptomatic thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint synovitis can be challenging. Surgical options in these patients are often limited due to the patient’s youth and lack of arthrosis. One of the most commonly used techniques involves the use of the flexor carpi radialis to reconstruct the ligamentous complex of the thumb CMC joint. This technique is technically challenging and involves a wide exposure to the CMC joint. Furthermore, outcomes data on this technique are relatively lacking. We propose a novel minimally invasive technique to confer stability to the thumb CMC joint in the setting of persistent subluxation/synovitis using the Arthrex MiniTightrope system. Our clinical results are encouraging at mean 24 months postoperative with nearly all patients experiencing both statistically and clinically meaningful improvements in QuickDASH and Visual Analog Scale pain scores.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate mitigates alcohol-induced hepatic inflammation and metabolic disturbances in mice
Authors: Wu Jianguo , Huang Emily , McMullen Megan R. , Singh Vaibhav , Mrdjen Marko , Bellar Annette , Wang Li , Welch Nicole , Dasarathy Jaividhya , Dasarathy Srinivasan , Streem David , Brown J. Mark , Nagy Laura E.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Dichloroacetate (DCA), a pan-pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, ameliorates multiple pathological conditions and tissue injury and shows strong potential for clinical applications. Here, we investigated the preventive effects of DCA in a murine model of alcohol-associated liver disease.

Methods:

C57BL/6J mice were subjected to the acute-on-chronic model of alcohol-associated liver disease and treated with DCA. Livers were assessed in liver histology, biochemistry, and gene expression. Mass spectrometry was used to compare protein expression and metabolite levels.

Results:

DCA inhibited hepatic expression of inflammatory genes but did not prevent steatosis and hepatocellular injury in ethanol-fed mice. Consistently, DCA repressed the expression of mRNAs for inflammatory genes in LPS-stimulated murine bone-marrow–derived macrophages and human monocytic THP-1 cells and inhibited both gene expression and protein release of interleukin-1 beta. DCA prevented hepatic accumulation of isovaleric acid in ethanol-fed mice, a short-chain fatty acid primarily produced by gut microbiota. In vitro, isovaleric acid potentiated LPS’s effects, while DCA prevented this proinflammatory action. Ethanol feeding increased the expression of proteins involved in diverse metabolic pathways, including branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation. In ethanol-fed mice, hepatic Fischer’s ratio (the molar ratio of BCAAs to aromatic amino acids Phe and Tyr) and BTR (the molar ratio of BCAAs to Tyr) showed a decrease compared to pair-fed mice; however, this decrease was not observed in DCA-treated ethanol-fed mice. DCA blunted the ethanol-induced increase of BCKDHA, the rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA catabolism, and cytochrome P450 2E1.

Conclusions:

Ethanol-induced hepatic inflammatory responses and metabolic disturbances were prevented by DCA in mice, indicating the potential to develop pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors as an effective therapy to treat alcohol-associated liver disease.
Hair cortisol concentration, a stress biomarker, is gradually increasing before an acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kosmas Nikolaos , Simitsis Panagiotis , Alevyzakis Evangelos , Rizos Emmanouil , Zapantiotis Dimitrios , Rallidis Loukianos Stylianos
Published: December 2024

Background

Chronic stress is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cortisol is a biomarker associated with stress. We sought to assess stress contribution to AMI using hair cortisol concentration (HCCs) as a surrogate biomarker.

Methods

HCC was measured in hair segments, corresponding to distinctive periods before hair sampling, in 102 male AMI patients and 50 healthy male controls. Standard baseline variables were collected for both groups, whereas for AMI patients, laboratory and psychological tests were also carried out. Linear mixed models were applied to assess the effect of group and baseline variables on the trend of cortisol before hair sampling.

Results

HCC was significantly higher in AMI patients the last 30 days before hair sampling with an overall higher rate of increase (time-group interaction P < 0.001). AMI patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had a slower rate of increase compared with those with BMI <25 kg/m2 (adjusted P = 0.008). Among AMI patients, there was no difference in the rate of cortisol increase between STEMI and NSTEMI patients (time-group interaction P = 0.841). Lower BMI conferred higher rates of cortisol increase irrespectively of AMI type.

Conclusion

HCC, a biomarker of stress, showed an increasing trend over a period of 2 months before the occurrence of AMI suggesting a potential role of stress, through cortisol secretion, in the pathophysiology of AMI.
Serum malondialdehyde levels at admission as a predictor of inhospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Karakayali Muammer , Ogun Metin , Artac Inanç , Ilis Doğan , Arslan Ayca , Omar Timor , Demir Öztürk , Karahan Talha , Kina Soner , Rencuzogullari Ibrahim , Karabag Yavuz
Published: December 2024

Introduction and objective

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a predictive marker of cardiovascular events in patients with stable angina pectoris. However, there is limited information available regarding this marker in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of the study was to explore the association of MDA levels with inhospital mortality among patients with ACS.

Materials and Methods

The study sample consisted of 556 ACS patients. The leftover plasma samples collected in EDTA vials for troponin T estimation within 24 h of chest pain were used for analysis. Blood samples were collected into tubes for MDA, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS), total sialic acid (TSA), NT-proBNP, ANP, homocysteine, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The blood samples were centrifuged (4000g, 4 °C) for 10 min, and the obtained serum then kept at −25 °C until the analyses were carried out. The relationship between these markers and inhospital mortality of ACS patients was investigated.

Results

Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations among sex, age, creatine, MDA, NT-proBNP, ANP, homocysteine, cTnI, NO, e-NOS, i-NOS, and TSA. Further analysis of these variables using the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, creatine, MDA, and NT-proBNP were independent predictors. Optimal MDA cutoff value of >33.1 predicted inhospital mortality with 85% sensitivity and 88.17% specificity [AUC: 0.905 (95% CI: 0.878–0.928, P < 0.001)].

Conclusion

We demonstrated that MDA levels were elevated in cases of inhospital mortality among ACS patients and the optimal MDA cutoff value of >33.1 predicted inhospital mortality with 85% sensitivity and 88.17% specificity.
Summary of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases workshop on Alternative Therapies to Penicillin for the Treatment of Syphilis
Authors: Cato Krista , Chuang Eleanore , Connolly Kristie L. , Deal Carolyn , Hiltke Thomas
Published: December 2024

The dramatic increase in syphilis cases in the United States in recent years is a serious public health concern. Periodic shortages of benzathine penicillin (BPG), the mainstay of syphilis treatment, create challenges for management of syphilis in the U.S. and worldwide. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened working groups of experts to assess the landscape of syphilis treatments for uncomplicated adult syphilis, syphilis in pregnant persons, congenital syphilis, and neurosyphilis. The working groups came together at a workshop entitled “Alternative Therapies to Penicillin for the Treatment of Syphilis” on February 13-14, 2024, to share their findings regarding promising alternative treatments, research gaps, and challenges. Discussions focused on utilizing existing antibiotics, with a preference for those with favorable safety profiles and demonstrated success against syphilis or other infectious diseases. Clinical research on alternative treatments is complicated by the high effectiveness of penicillin and by differences in clinical, physiological, cultural, and socioeconomic considerations across different patient populations and geographic settings. In addition, current diagnostic tests and tests-of-cure create challenges for clinical trial design. Various potential trial designs were discussed, focusing on subjects with different types and stages of disease. This summary of the workshop is presented to inform plans for future research, including clinical trials on alternatives to penicillin for the treatment of syphilis.
Impact of a Prototype 29:1 Ratio Grid on Image Quality and Radiation Dose in Abdominal Angiography
Authors: Werncke Thomas , Becker Lena S. , Maschke Sabine K. , Brüsch Inga , Rumpel Regina , Wacker Frank K. , Meyer Bernhard C.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a prototype grid with a 29:1 ratio (r29) and a 15:1 (r15) grid on the image quality (IQ) and radiation dose in abdominal angiography.

Materials and Methods

Six typical abdominal angiographic image scenarios were created in 4 pigs. Polymethylmethacrylate and aluminum plates were used to add 10 cm of patient equivalent thickness to simulate different body types. Fluoroscopic images were acquired with a source-to-image receptor distance of 120 cm. Tantalum- and iron-specific acquisition protocols at different IQ levels were acquired. IQ of radiation dose equivalent image pairs, created with the r29 and r15 grids, respectively, was quantitatively evaluated using contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) measurements. Differences in radiation dose were estimated using the dose-weighted CNR. Two blinded readers compared IQ of these images using a Likert scale. In a second step, the readers selected pairs of the r29 and r15 images with subjectively equivalent IQ. Radiation doses were then compared.

Results

Compared with the r15 grid, the r29 grid images achieved similar CNR at an average of 26% (±12%) lower radiation dose at a mean patient equivalent thickness of 26 cm and 36 cm. Both readers noted a significant increase in IQ (P < 0.001) for dose equivalent images, whereas the interobserver agreement was 0.59. For the selected IQ equivalent images, a radiation dose reduction of 38% (±17%; P < 0.001, interobserver agreement 0.92) was noted when using the r29 grid.

Conclusions

The use of an r29 grid at a large source-to-image receptor distance can significantly improve the IQ compared with the r15 grid at the same radiation dose in abdominal angiography or can reduce radiation dose while preserving IQ.
The Rule of Fours—Clinical and Radiographic Parameters for Trans-articular Distal Interphalangeal Joint Kirschner Wire Insertion
Authors: Honeywill Conor , Giddins Vanessa , Faulkner Harrison , Lawson Richard , Graham David , Sivakumar Brahman Shankar
Published: December 2024

Background

Distal phalangeal and interphalangeal joint injuries are common, and confer a significant burden to the individual, healthcare system and society. Operative intervention (when required) may involve retrograde trans-articular Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation. Safe wire passage through the center of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) and associated phalanges is key in maintaining alignment and reducing complications. There is little evidence to guide optimal wire entry point and passage.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine soft tissue and radiographic landmarks to guide optimal trans-articular k-wire placement at the DIPJ.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single institute, with 100 uninjured lateral phalangeal radiographs with a clear sagittal projection assessed by 3 independent assessors. Each assessor drew a line of ideal insertion, traversing the isthmus of the middle and distal phalanges, and the midline of the DIPJ, with soft tissue and bony parameters identified.

Results

The mean distance from the dorsal aspect of the nail plate to the line of ideal insertion was 3.86 mm, with a disparity between sexes noted. The distance from the dorsum of the soft tissue to the line of ideal insertion was expressed as a proportion of the total soft tissue diameter—the line of ideal insertion traversed approximately 40% of total width at the DIPJ and DIPJ soft tissue crease.

Discussion

The results suggest that a simple ‘rule of fours’ can be utilized to allow expedient and optimal passage. The entry point should be midline in the coronal plane, approximately 4 mm volar to the dorsal surface of the nail plate and aimed at a point 40% volar to the dorsal aspect of the soft tissue envelope at the level of the DIPJ crease. These guidelines are easily replicable and conveyable; additionally, they can guide insertion in the absence of fluoroscopy.
Comparison of Culturing Methods of Primary Vaginal Fibroblasts
Authors: Cardenas-Trowers Olivia O. , Parsons Tammee M. , Zhao Jing , Perkerson Ralph B. , Glembotski Christopher C. , Zenhausern Frederic , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Alperin Marianna , Kanekiyo Takahisa
Published: December 2024

Importance

Vaginal fibroblast function is altered in people with pelvic organ prolapse. Thus, it is important to study vaginal fibroblasts to better understand the pathophysiology of prolapse.

Objective

This study aimed to compare 3 culturing methods of primary vaginal fibroblasts.

Study Design

This was an in vitro study. Patients who were undergoing surgery for vaginal prolapse were recruited. Excess vaginal epithelial tissue that would have otherwise been discarded was collected. The vaginal fibroblasts from each participant were cultured via (1) 3-hour digest, (2) coverslip, and (3) gelatin-coat methods. Differences in the efficiency of cell isolation, expression of known fibroblast-associated genes, and cellular function were compared between the 3 methods using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test for post hoc pairwise comparisons (P < 0.05).

Results

Five patients with pelvic organ prolapse were recruited. Fibroblasts cultured via the 3-hour digest method became confluent within 3–5 days in a 100-mm dish compared to 2–3 weeks in a 6-well dish for the coverslip and gelatin-coat methods. Cells from all culture methods expressed similar amounts of vimentin and α smooth muscle actin. There were no significant differences in morphology; gene expression levels of MMP1, MMP2, ACTA2, COL1A1, COL3A1, and LOXL1 on qPCR; cell viability; proliferation; and migration between the 3 culturing methods.

Conclusion

Culturing primary vaginal fibroblasts via the 3-hour digest, coverslip, and gelatin-coat methods similarly resulted in reliable primary vaginal fibroblast growth and function.
Structures of hexamethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diammonium salts
Authors: Kanthapazham Rajakumar , Osipov Artyom A. , Zherebtsov Dmitry A. , Efremov Andrey N. , Nayfert Sergey A. , Adonin Sergey A. , Spiridonova Dar'ya V. , Atapin Sergey V.
Published: December 2024

The crystal structures of nine hexamethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diammonium (HMB) salts are described: the iodide (2), triiodide (3), succinate (4), fumarate (5), tetravanadate (6), hydroterephthalate (7) and perylenetetracarboxylate (8), as well as pentamethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diammonium iodide (1) and the metal–organic framework sodium diacetylenedisalicylate–HMB (9). HMB carbonate (10) has been synthesized as an important intermediate for a promising anti-metal–organic framework (`anti-MOF'). All the described compounds are characterized by high solubility in water. The results suggest that, during crystallization, crystallohydrates are formed from water. Compounds 6 and 9 are characterized by the presence of a rigid framework; compound 6 has an open framework structure filled with water molecules. Synchronous thermal analyses of compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10 allowed the identification of similarities in the mechanisms of thermolysis. At about 80–180°C, the loss of crystallization water molecules occurs. Between 180 and 250°C, a methyl group (methyl cation) is split off from the quaternary ammonium salt to form tetramethylbenzidinium. In the case of the iodides and salts of organic acids, the second thermolysis product is the methyl ester of this acid (methyliodide, dimethyl carbonate), which easily evaporates. In the range 240–355°C, tetramethylbenzidinium evaporates without decomposition.
Analysing consumer switching behaviour and financial antecedents to determine the intention to use central bank digital currency: evidence from the Indian economy
Authors: Desai Rajesh
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The present research aims to study the behavioural intention to use the digital currencies issued by the central bank through the lens of technology acceptance and switching behaviour perspective. The study also proposes to analyse the role of financial constructs to explain the adoption intention.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study develops a model by integrating the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and the push–pull–mooring (PPM) theory of switching behaviour. It amends the same by including financial literacy, financial inclusion and trust. A sample data of 419 respondents has been collected through a structured questionnaire and the PLS-SEM approach has been used for data analysis.

Findings

The findings suggest that UTAUT and PPM models can significantly predict individuals' readiness to adopt the central bank digital currency (CBDC). More precisely, performance expectancy, social influence, government support, relative advantage and task-technology fit jointly determine the adoption behaviour. Besides, the financial constructs also affect the intention to use CBDC.

Research limitations/implications

The study is largely based on a quantitative approach with cross-sectional data from an Indian sample. Thus, the findings may benefit from a longitudinal approach with mixed-method data analysis. However, the study elaborates on several implications for policymakers and research scholars.

Originality/value

The present study uniquely integrates the technology adoption perspective with switching behaviour applied to the migration studies. Given the nascent stage of CBDC implementation in many countries, the current study uses a triangulation approach to enhance the understanding of its adoption behaviour.
Exploring the impact of environmental regulations and green innovation on corporate investment and cash management: evidence from Asian economies
Authors: Farooq Umar , Thavorn Jakkrit , Tabash Mosab I.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study explores the complex interaction of environmental policies on corporate cash and capital investment decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilizes a 10-year dataset from 2010 to 2019, comprising publicly listed firms from 10 prominent Asian countries. The analysis was conducted by employing the System GMM.

Findings

The regression has revealed that most of the business investments are negatively affected by environmental regulation (ENR), while green innovation (GNI) is positively significant to investments. Moreover, we indicated that ENR raises the cash balance, while GNI tends to reduce it. There was a strong negative correlation found between cash reserves and investment; this implies a crowding-out effect: excess liquidity dilutes the propensity for capital expenditure. The findings emphasized cash balances as a moderator in the relationship between environmental policies and investments. More specifically, maintaining greater cash reserves is an insulating mechanism against the otherwise damaging impact of stringent ENR on corporate investment decisions and a protective measure for financial soundness against external environmental stress.

Practical implications

It is especially important considering the heterogeneous effects obtained across high-income, upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries, responding differentially to environmental policies. The results show support for a balanced integration of fiscal incentives, subsidies or tax credits, especially in lower-middle-income countries, to promote sustainable practices without imposing prohibitive compliance costs.

Originality/value

The current analysis supplements the new insights regarding the transformation channel of environmental policies into industrial investment and how cash holdings diversify this channel.
Exploring the effect of information literacy skills and digital skills on knowledge sharing and research productivity
Authors: Sulehri Imran Ghaffar , Rafiq Muhammad , Arshad Alia
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Digital skills and information literacy skills (IL) are essential for teaching staff in universities that make them able to perform their academic tasks (knowledge sharing and creation) effectively and efficiently. This study aims to explore the effect of these skills on knowledge sharing and research productivity of university teachers in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted by adopting a survey research design followed by quantitative research method. Faculty members from the top three general category universities in Pakistan were the population of the study. The research participants were approached through a systematic random sampling technique. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software was used to test the developed hypotheses.

Findings

This study has presented novel results and portrayed significant positive effect of information literacy skills and digital skills on knowledge sharing and research productivity of universities’ faculty members. It shows that both skills are essential for teaching staff to enhance their knowledge sharing and research output.

Originality/value

This study has revealed the effect of digital skills and IL skills on knowledge sharing and research productivity. This study has added a substantial amount of literature in existing body of knowledge. The study has provided pertinent implications for management bodies as well as it enhances literature on IL skills and digital skills for knowledge sharing and optimum research output.
Limitations of and proposals for L/C application of optional on-board B/L under the IncotermsⓇ2020 FCA rules
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Lee Yangkee
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study examines the limitations of the practical application of letter of credit transactions requiring an on-board bill of lading under the FCA and presents opinions on the practical use of FCA-ruled bills of lading for letter of credit transactions.

Design/methodology/approach

It is very significant that the IncotermsⓇ2020 FCA rules have added new content regarding the optional description of the on-board bill of lading. However, even if the seller has received the on-board bill of lading, there is a limitation in that the bank may not judge the presented documents as a consistent presentation for payment. Identifying these limitations and suggesting solutions are very important for future international commerce transactions. This study is conducted in the following order. First, we review the UCP regulations that banks apply to confirm the consistency of transportation documents in letter of credit transactions. Second, we confirm the limitations in applying the selective description of the on-board bill of lading newly established in the FCA rules proposed by the ICC to letter of credit transactions. Lastly, necessary opinions are presented on how the buying and selling parties can properly utilize the Incoterms in letter of credit transactions.

Findings

The establishment of the ICC’s Incoterms 2020 FCA rule’s on-board bill of lading option regulation is intended to resolve merchants’ inconvenience caused by the document screening standards of banks that ignore changes in the trade environment such as the emergence of containers and maintain traditional ship trading practices. It can be interpreted. However, there are still problems with the presentation of on-board bills of lading under FCA rules, and there are also problems with practices between merchants and banks. Existing prior research is limited to dealing with the problems of using FOB rules in container transportation and the limitations of the onboard bill of lading option provisions of FCA rules. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has also affected trade, ushering in the digital era. Trade platforms developed with new technologies are either under development or being prepared for commercialization.

Originality/value

This study reaffirmed the main implications covered in previous studies and proposed the use of multimodal transport documents rather than bills of lading as an alternative to problems that may arise in letter of credit transactions that require on-board bills of lading under FCA rules. Above all, it presented opinions on changes in banks’ practices that require on-board bills of lading in letter of credit transactions, which are inconsistent with the mainstream container-based intermodal transportation.
Modeling structure of inflation in Türkiye: DCC-GARCH and Markov switching model
Authors: Uğurlu Erginbay , Ojaghlou Mortaza , Lau Evan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Recent surges in inflation have posed significant challenges for Türkiye, with the annualinflation rate culminating at 83.45% by the close of 2022. The purpose of the study is to take a closer look at the details behind the rising inflation trend in Türkiye.

Design/methodology/approach

Due to the time-varying nature of the relationship of the variables, dynamic conditional correlation-generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic (DCC-GARCH) models and the Markov switching model are used as analytical tools. Leveraging the DCC methodology proposed by Tse and Tsui (2002), this study examined time-varying correlations, while the effect of the weighted sum of past correlations was captured using the DCC-GARCH approach introduced by Engle (2002).

Findings

The findings from the DCC models highlight that the exchange rate plays the most pivotal role in influencing inflation, closely followed by the money supply. In addition, the Markov switching analysis, rooted in the Phillips curve concept, identified two statistically significant regimes. The results emphasize that components of the money supply and the exchange rate stand out as primary drivers of Türkiye’s heightened inflation rates. To promote sustainable development in Turkey, the Central Bank should focus on inflation targeting, managing the money supply to align with GDP growth and adopting adaptive inflation responses.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to use a combination of the DCC and Markov switching models to examine Turkish inflation from December 2005 to October 2022, according to a thorough review of previous research. Such an innovative method provides a new perspective on inflationary patterns throughout this time. In addition, this study departs from traditional approaches by including money supply measures in the analysis.
Islamic fintech: navigating the regulatory framework and promoting financial inclusion in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries
Authors: Kismawadi Early Ridho
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study undertakes a comparative analysis of the regulatory framework for sharia-compliant financial technology (fintech) in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. The purpose of this study is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this regulatory framework as well as enhance opportunities and best practices. This study also investigates the potential impact of Islamic fintech on financial inclusion in the GCC nations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a qualitative research methodology, including semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the Islamic fintech industry, such as entrepreneurs, investors, regulators and policymakers. This study recruited interview participants from the Islamic fintech industry in GCC countries, including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar and Kuwait.

Findings

This study’s main finding is that Islamic fintech has the potential to promote financial inclusion in GCC countries. According to this study’s findings, Islamic fintech provides a more ethical and accessible alternative to traditional banking services, particularly for individuals and businesses that are underserved or excluded from mainstream financial services.

Practical implications

This study has practical implications for policymakers and regulators in GCC countries, providing valuable insights for promoting the growth and development of the Islamic fintech industry while ensuring that the regulatory framework is conducive to its growth. This study contributes to the broader literature on regulatory frameworks for fintech by highlighting the need for regulatory frameworks to adapt to technological advances in the rapidly evolving fintech field.

Originality/value

This study derives originality and value from a comparative analysis of the regulatory framework for Islamic fintech in GCC nations and its prospective impact on financial inclusion.
The effectiveness of green demarketing campaigns: the moderating role of corporate social responsibility orientation
Authors: Yoon Hye Jin , Lee Yoon-Joo , Ko Youngjee , Joo Jinho
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of integrated marketing communication (IMC) messages in demarketing campaigns, particularly considering the consumer’s background in corporate social responsibility orientation (CSRO).

Design/methodology/approach

A 2 (publicity type: green, demarketing) × 2 (ad type: green, demarketing) between-subjects experiment assessed the impact of green marketing and demarketing strategies on consumers with varying levels of CSRO. The study utilized a mix of green and demarketing publicity and advertisements to explore their effects on the perception of the brand’s honesty. Additionally, the research investigated the mediating role of “brand as honest” in shaping purchase intention and anticipated product satisfaction.

Findings

Results revealed that for individuals with lower CSRO, the combination of green or demarketing strategies had no significant impact on the perception of the brand’s honesty. However, for those with higher CSRO, the brand was perceived as more honest when demarketing publicity was followed by a demarketing (vs green) advertisement. These effects on purchase intention (if one needed to buy a product of this type) and anticipated product satisfaction (which could help lower repeat and follow-up purchases) occurred through the mediating role of “brand as honest.”

Originality/value

Based on the belief congruence theory, this research contributes to the existing literature by specifically focusing on the effectiveness of IMC messages in demarketing campaigns, considering consumers’ CSRO backgrounds. The study offers original insights into the interplay between demarketing strategies, brand perception and consumer behavior.
Chemical and thermal stability of different AgNP concentrations incorporated in 0.1% DMPT UPE resin
Authors: Makhatha Mamookho Elizabeth , Salemane Makgadiete Grace , Baruwa Akinsanya Damilare
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In response to the growing demand for a polymer with improved chemical and thermal stability in the construction sector, this study aims to thoroughly explore the characteristics of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and their various concentrations. The primary goal is to determine the effect of these nanoparticles on the chemical and thermal stability of unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin doped with dimethyl-para-toluidine (DMPT) when exposed to high temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach

Silver nanoparticles were first synthesized from the chemical reaction between silver nitrate and trisodium citrate before its addition to the resin. The nanocomposites were thoroughly examined using advanced analytical methods such as Fourier transform (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope to determine chemical stability. Thermal stability tests were carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and derivative thermogravimetry methods; viscosity and peak exotherm were also examined.

Findings

The data shows that increasing nanoparticle concentration improves resin chemical stability, reduces peak exotherm duration and increases viscosity. Clearly, only 1.5% AgNP concentration outperformed neat UPE resin, while 0.5% and 1% AgNP concentrations fall short in terms of thermal stability.

Originality/value

The enhanced resin highlights the subtle influence of nanoparticle addition, which has a greater impact on the chemical structure of the composite rather than its thermal properties.
Green banks, golden returns? Unraveling the ESG–Financial performance nexus in European banking
Authors: Horobet Alexandra , Rahat Birjees , Floarea Ana-Maria , Belascu Lucian
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the link between environmental policies and financial markets, with a particular focus on the banking sector. The assessment of banks is based on their environmental impact, social responsibility and governance practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A panel data regression model is used to examine the link between ROE and systematic risk, on the one hand, and European banking institutions’ ESG scores and its environmental, social and governance (ESG) pillar scores, as well as other financial indicators, on the other hand. The timeframe of the research is 10 years and includes 61 European banks, thus providing an extensive review of existing literature and empirical analysis to reveal the complex link between environmental policies, ESG performance and financial performance in the banking sector.

Findings

Better ESG performance is associated with lower ROE but also lower systematic risk for European banks. An improved environmental and social performance leads to higher ROE and lower beta coefficients. However, higher governance scores depress ROE.

Originality/value

The paper aims to contribute to the existing literature by showcasing a complex link between ESG practices and financial performance, focusing extensively on the banking sector. This research analyses how ESG initiatives, when implemented within banks, influence key financial metrics such as profitability, risk management and long-term sustainability. It also examines the unique challenges and opportunities that banks face in aligning ESG goals with financial objectives. Through this thorough analysis of the banking sector, the study adds depth to the current discourse on the broader impact of ESG practices on the financial performance of companies.
Driving green innovation: assessing the impact of environmental tax policies and green finance on heavily polluting industries
Authors: Masoud Najeb
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper assess the impact of the green finance pilot reform on corporate green innovation, leveraging the establishment of the China green finance pilot reform in 2018 as a quasi-natural experiment.

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigates the effects of environmental policies on green innovation, utilising a substantial data set from Chinese A-share listed firms over the 2015–2019 period. Employing both double and triple difference models, it focuses on how tax reforms influence green patent filings among these firms.

Findings

The study confirms that environmental tax policies and green finance initiatives significantly boost green patent filings in pollution-intensive industries. Findings from the regression analysis show robust positive effects from these policies, supporting the idea that stringent environmental regulations can spur innovation by offsetting regulatory costs. Financial health indicators like asset logs and return on assets positively correlated with innovation, emphasising the importance of financial stability. In addition, increased RandD spending is linked to enhanced green innovation, highlighting that financial investment in research is crucial for overcoming innovation barriers. These insights are crucial for shaping policies that integrate sustainability into corporate practices.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the literature by highlighting traditional views on the economic burden of environmental taxes and demonstrating their role as significant drivers of innovation. It deepens insights into strategically optimising fiscal tools to promote environmentally sustainable economic activities. In addition, it offers a practical framework for policymakers to improve ecological outcomes through effective fiscal strategies.
Children of Littlechild: Ten Steps to Public Ownership
Authors: Lawrence Mathew
Published: December 2024

Following Labour's general election victory, public ownership has made a tentative return to Britain's economic statecraft. Focussing on the example of GB Energy—the proposed publicly owned clean power generator—the article explores the functional case for public ownership and investment as the most effective mechanism for rebuilding Britain, and sets out a pathway for its strategic expansion.
The real‐world relationship between naltrexone/bupropion treatment and weight loss in Canada: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Wharton Sean , Kamran Elham , Thabane Lehana , Yin Peter , Christensen Rebecca
Published: December 2024

This study examined the change in weight at 6 months of naltrexone/bupropion (NB), a combination pharmacological therapy for weight management, in real‐world practice in Canada. The study was conducted through an observational, retrospective, single‐arm chart review of adult patients who attended the Wharton Medical Clinic in Ontario, Canada, between 2018 and 2021. The patients had a body mass index ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m2 with at least one weight‐related comorbidity. They were prescribed NB, titrated from 1 (8 mg/90 mg) to 4 tablets daily, along with lifestyle modification. Approximately 52% of 468 participants completed 6 months of treatment and 48.7% titrated to the maximum dose of 4 tablets daily. Participants were mainly female, with mean age of 49.5 years and BMI 38.4 kg/m2. After 6 months, participants lost a mean of 4.23 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] −4.99, −3.47) or 4.05% (CI −4.77, −3.34) of body weight, with 42.5% losing at least 5% of their body weight and 15.5% losing at least 10%. The most frequent adverse events were nausea (5.7%), constipation (5.7%), and headache (2.5%). Participants also experienced decreased appetite (14.7%), decreased cravings (13.9%), decreased hunger (9.4%) and felt full sooner (2.5%), which are changes likely to result in sustained healthy food choices and improved quality of life. The 6‐month NB treatment adjunct to lifestyle modification in a real‐world population resulted in clinically significant weight loss.
To Identify and Compare ActivPAL Objectively Measured Activity Levels With Self‐Reported Activity From the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in Older Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Lynch Louise , McCarron Mary , McCallion Philip , Burke Eilish
Published: December 2024

Background

The positive impact of physical activity on health is widely known. A comparison between activPAL objective measures and International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ‐SF) self‐reported activity levels was completed with older adults with intellectual disability. Understanding differences between the two methodologies will better support the interpretations of findings and recommendations.

Methods

ActivPAL measures including intensity, time and type were considered for 72 participants. Similarly, the IPAQ‐determined measures were investigated. Implications of different numbers of activPAL valid days were considered. Comparisons between the activPAL and IPAQ‐SF scores were examined using multiple correlation coefficients.

Results

Low to moderate agreement was found between the activPAL and IPAQ‐SF using Spearman's Rho and Pearson's correlation coefficients.

Conclusions

The IPAQ‐SF may not be the optimal tool for the accurate determination of activity levels in this population.
Evidence of sterility of the male sporophytes of the brown alga Saccharina japonica (Phaeophyceae) in culture irrespective of their ploidy levels
Authors: Li Jing , Pang Shaojun
Published: December 2024

Monoclonal female gametophytes of Saccharina japonica, when cultured independently, can develop into female sporophytes. Previous research has shown that the chromosomes in female sporophytes of S. japonica may naturally duplicate, forming diploids, and these diploid female sporophytes are capable of forming sori and releasing zoospores. In contrast, male sporophytes derived from culturing monoclonal male gametophytes failed to form sori and produce meiospores; thus, it was hypothesized that these male sporophytes are haploid and unable to perform meiotic division. In order to explore whether the chromosomes in male sporophytes can naturally duplicate and whether such diploid male sporophytes can effectively form sori and produce meiospores, we obtained 62 male sporophytes and cultivated them into adults. Only male‐specific DNA markers were detected in all of these male sporophytes, indicating their male nature. Ten microsatellite markers were used to estimate the relatedness of the parental gametophytes and the corresponding sporophytes. Results revealed that the genotypes of the male sporophytes matched exactly with the corresponding male gametophytes. Both diploid and haploid sporophytes were detected in these 62 male sporophytes when analyzed by flow cytometry. After 16 months of cultivation, none of the male sporophytes formed sori regardless of their ploidy. As controls, both female and hybrid sporophytes developed sori and released viable zoospores. These findings suggest that the sterility of male sporophytes in S. japonica is not related to their ploidy; rather, it is attributed to the absence of essential elements for sori formation that may be present only in the female.