bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dirac neutrinos and Neff. Part II. The freeze-in case
Authors: Luo Xuheng , Rodejohann Werner , Xu Xun-Jie
Published: March 2021

We discuss Dirac neutrinos whose right-handed component νR has new interac­tions that may lead to a measurable contribution to the effective number of relativistic neutrino species Neff. We aim at a model-independent and comprehensive study on a variety of possibilities. Processes for νR-genesis from decay or scattering of thermal species, with spin-0, spin-1/2, or spin-1 initial or final states are all covered. We calculate numerically and analytically the contribution of νR to Neff primarily in the freeze-in regime, since the freeze-out regime has been studied before. While our approximate analytical results apply only to freeze-in, our numerical calculations work for freeze-out as well, including the transition between the two regimes.
Using current and future constraints on Neff, we obtain limits and sensitivities of CMB experiments on masses and couplings of the new interactions. As a by-product, we obtain the contribution of Higgs-neutrino interactions,
Δ Neff SM ≃ 7.5 × 10-12, assuming the neutrino mass is 0.1 eV and generated by the standard Higgs mechanism.
Extracting the Optical Depth to Reionization τ from 21 cm Data Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Billings Tashalee S. , La Plante Paul , Aguirre James E.
Published: March 2021

Upcoming measurements of the high-redshift 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) are a promising probe of the astrophysics of the first galaxies and of cosmological parameters. In particular, the optical depth τ to the last scattering surface of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) should be tightly constrained by direct measurements of the neutral hydrogen state at high redshift. A robust measurement of τ from 21 cm data would help eliminate it as a nuisance parameter from CMB estimates of cosmological parameters. Previous proposals for extracting τ from future 21 cm data sets have typically used the 21 cm power spectra generated by semi-numerical models to reconstruct the reionization history. We present here a different approach which uses convolution neural networks (CNNs) trained on mock images of the 21 cm EoR signal to extract τ. We construct a CNN that improves upon on previously proposed architectures, and perform an automated hyperparameter optimization. We show that well-trained CNNs are able to accurately predict τ, even when removing Fourier modes that are expected to be corrupted by bright foreground contamination of the 21 cm signal. Typical random errors for an optimized network are less than 3.06%, with biases factors of several smaller. While preliminary, this approach could yield constraints on τ that improve upon sample-variance limited measurements of the low-ℓ EE observations of the CMB, making this approach a valuable complement to more traditional methods of inferring τ.
Thermodynamic instability of 3D Einstein-Born-Infeld AdS black holes *
Authors: Jing Hongmei , Mu Benrong , Tao Jun , Wang Peng
Published: March 2021

Super-entropic black holes possess finite-area but noncompact event horizons and violate the reverse isoperimetric inequality. It has been conjectured that such black holes always have negative specific heat at constant volume

or negative specific heat at constant pressure

whenever

, making them unstable in extended thermodynamics. In this paper, we describe a test of this instability conjecture with a family of nonlinear electrodynamic black holes, namely 3D Einstein-Born-Infeld (EBI) AdS black holes. Our results show that when nonlinear electrodynamics effects are weak, the instability conjecture is valid. However, the conjecture can be violated in some parameter region when nonlinear electrodynamics effects are strong enough. This observation thus provides a counter example to the instability conjecture, which suggests that super-entropic black holes may be thermodynamically stable.
Simultaneous and proportional control of wrist and hand movements by decoding motor unit discharges in real time
Authors: Chen Chen , Yu Yang , Sheng Xinjun , Farina Dario , Zhu Xiangyang
Published: March 2021

Objective. Surface electromyography (EMG) decomposition techniques can be used to establish human-machine interfacing (HMI), but most investigations are implemented offline due to the computational load of the approach. Here, we generalize the offline decomposition algorithm to identify the motor unit (MU) activities in real time, and we propose a MU-based approach for online simultaneous and proportional control (SPC) of multiple motor tasks. Approach. High-density surface EMG signals recorded from forearm muscles were decomposed into motor unit spike trains (MUSTs) with the proposed decomposition method. The MUSTs were first pooled into clusters in the calibration phase and the cumulative discharges of active MUs in each group were extracted as the control signal for each motor task. Then the subjects were instructed to control a virtual cursor with multiple motor tasks involving grasp and wrist movements. Fifteen able-bodied subjects and two patients with limb deficiency participated in the experiments to validate the proposed control scheme. Main results. On average, over 20 MUSTs were identified in real time with an estimated decomposition accuracy

>

85%. The cumulative discharge in each pool was highly correlated with the activation of the specific motion (R = 0.93 ± 0.05). Moreover, the proposed MU-based method had superior performance in online tests than conventional myo-control methods based on global EMG features. Significance. These results indicate the feasibility of real-time neural decoding in a non-invasive way. Moreover, the superior performance in online tests proves the potential of the MU-based approach for the SPC, promoting the application of EMG decomposition for HMI systems.
Fundamental diagram of pedestrian flow including wheelchair users in straight corridors
Authors: Pan Hongliang , Zhang Jun , Song Weiguo , Yao Bin
Published: March 2021

The improvement of evacuation efficiency for pedestrians mixed with wheelchair users has practical significance to public safety. In this study, a series of pedestrian experiments are performed in corridors considering assisted wheelchair users. It is observed that an able-bodied pedestrian’s unimpeded speed and relaxation time are 38.9% higher and 24.5% shorter than those of wheelchair users, respectively. The forward proxemic values of wheelchair users are smaller than their backward ones. However, both are larger than those of able-bodied participants. The presence of wheelchair users makes the pedestrian flow have a smaller density range (0.59–4.17 m−2) and flow rate (1.49 ± 0.21 (m s)−1). The critical headway and safe response time (reciprocal of the proportionality constant of the headway–speed relation) are 11.76% and 20.93% longer, respectively. The findings illustrate a lower efficiency and higher safety requirements for pedestrian flow including wheelchair users, which is valuable for simulation construction, facility design or evacuation guidance.
Two halves of a meaningful text are statistically different
Authors: Deng Weibing , Xie Rongrong , Deng Shengfeng , Allahverdyan Armen E
Published: March 2021

Which statistical features distinguish a meaningful text (possibly written in an unknown system) from a meaningless set of symbols? Here we answer this question by comparing features of the first half of a text to its second half. This comparison can uncover hidden effects, because the halves have the same values of many parameters (style, genre, etc). We found that the first half has more different words and more rare words than the second half. Also, words in the first half are distributed less homogeneously over the text. These differences hold for the significant majority of several hundred relatively short texts we studied. Differences disappear after a random permutation of words that destroys the linear structure of the text. The differences reveal a temporal asymmetry in meaningful texts, which is confirmed by showing that texts are much better compressible in their natural way (i.e. along the narrative) than in the word-inverted form. We conjecture that these results connect the semantic organization of a text (defined by the flow of its narrative) to its statistical features.
STEM-based physics multimedia design for stimulating HOTS on water and wind energy topic: Physics teacher perception
Authors: Diansah Irani , Suyatna Agus , Viyanti
Published: March 2021

The aims of this research is to design a STEM-Based Physics Multimedia Design for stimulating HOTS on water and wind energy topic. The method in this research is Research and Development using the ADDIE model from Reiser and Mollenda, which consists of five stages, specifically: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. This study describes the results up to the Analyze and Design stages by descriptive qualitative analysis. Design Stage made with sheet validation by the practitioner using a Likert scale Validator product design consisting of ten professional physics teachers with qualifications Master of Physical Education. The research results obtained that it is needed the development of STEM-Based Multimedia Design for Stimulating HOTS on Water and Wind Energy topic. The multimedia design that has the potential to stimulate HOTS on the water and wind energy materes consists of videos and animation of water and wind energy power plants that contain all components of STEM. Because the design was obtained valid to used, so, further research to develop STEM-based multimedia for stimulating HOTS on water and wind energy materials is needed.
The effect of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizer on mustard growth in Bahway village, Balik Bukit district, West Lampung regency
Authors: Anggraini W , Fiteriani I , Prihantini Nur Nunu , Rahmawati Fri , Susanti A , Septiyani E
Published: March 2021

Soil fertility is the relationship between the physical, chemical and biological properties needed by plants to grow and develop. The land used as a medium for growing mustard greens is taken from Bahway Village. The soil is treated with organic and inorganic fertilizers to test its fertility. The data analysis used was one way ANOVA and the least significant difference test and a randomized block design with three treatments and two replications. The treatments were: P1=100% organic fertilizer, P2=100% inorganic fertilizer, P3=50% organic fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizer and control. Based on the research results, it is known that the type of soil texture in P1 and P2 has a clay-sand texture, while P3 and C have a sandy loam texture. In terms of chemical properties, the pH at P1, P2, P3 and C are 5.53, 5.79, 5.50 and 6.20. For available P values, P1 = 188.31 ppm, P2 = 7.44 ppm, P3 = 113.62 ppm, and C = 2.48. Availability of Cation Exchange Capacity P1 = 22.56me/100g, P2 = 21.80me/100g, P3 = 23.19me/100g, and C = 23.75me/100g. From these results, what showed that the growth of mustard plants increased was the P3 treatment.
An analysis on determination of land area claim prediction for rice farmers insurance business in Indonesia using nonparametric bayesian method
Authors: Maulidi I , Syahrini I , Oktavia R , Ihsan M , Emha R
Published: March 2021

The Government of Indonesia has issued a Rice Farming Insurance program which is known as Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP). It is a form of protection against crop failure losses faced by farmers by providing benefit insurance as the next planting capital. This study aims to estimate the Bayes premium parameters and Bayes premium estimates for the next period with 2 planting periods-claim data using a nonparametric approach. The results of this study were obtained by assuming a maximum area of crop failure or claims that occurred were 4 hectares for each group of farmers. Also, the analysis has been done by assuming the area of claimed land as a discrete random variable so that rounding of the data was required. Rounding data used in this study are those that are rounded to the nearest integers using the regular, flooring, and ceiling rounding method.
Bibliometric analysis of physics problem solving
Authors: Ari Masitoh Putri Nagres , Latifah Sri , Saregar Antomi , Aziz Abdul , Suharto  , Jamaluddin Wan
Published: March 2021

Problem-solving in physics learning began to be researched in 2001. The bibliometric approach used in this study aimed to map the research literature on problem-solving in physics learning using Scopus as the metadata source. The downloaded database had been input into the VOSviewer software to be mapped. There were 52 analyzed articles taken from 24 leading journals from January 1st, 2001 to August 31st, 2020 (20 years period). The articles were written by 132 authors affiliated to 85 institutions in 16 countries. Indonesia was the most productive country. 91.7% of authors own 2 publications. From 4 reviewed clusters, the most frequently appeared keywords and topics are students, problem-solving, problem-solving skills, problem-solving abilities, and physics learning. the uncommon variables and have not been widely researched related to problem-solving in physics learning are presented along with future study opportunities.
Mathematical reasoning ability in linear equations with two variables: The impact of flipped classroom
Authors: Supriadi Nanang , Man Youlanda L. , Pirma Fitri Oktaria , Lestari Nurma Linda , Sugiharta Iip , Netriwati
Published: March 2021

The flipped classroom is more competent in online assignments and activities and can control students learning outcomes. This study aims to see the flipped classroom effect on the improvement of students’ mathematical reasoning abilities in the two-variable linear equation material. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental, and technical analysis using an independent sample t-test. The results showed that flipped classroom affects mathematical reasoning ability in the two-variable linear equation material. Based on the N-Gain criteria, the flipped classroom’s average value is 72.41%, which is categorized as sufficient/effective. The independent sample test calculation on the pre-test - post test data analysis with p-value = 0.000 <α = 0.005 shows that there is an effect of students’ mathematical reasoning abilities with flipped-classroom learning. The results showed that learning by flipped classroom was more effective than expository learning.
Application of algebraic tile media with gasing: Ability to understand mathematical concepts and student creativity
Authors: Pratiwi Dona Dinda , Mujib  , Andriani Siska , Mardiyah  , Kuswanto Cahniyo Wijaya , Utami Erlailia
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the GASING strategy with algebraic tile media on students’ understanding of mathematical concepts and creativity. This study uses a quasi-experimental type with Posttest Only Control Design and uses data collection instruments in the form of concepts understanding questions and creativity in the form of descriptions. The results of this study indicate: (1) there is an effect of GASING mathematics learning with algebraic tile media on the ability to understand mathematical concepts; (2) there is an effect of GASING mathematics learning with algebraic tile media on student creativity; (3) there is an effect of the GASING strategy with algebraic tile media on the ability to understand mathematical concepts and student creativity simultaneously. The explanation regarding the results of the study explains that the Treatment using the GASING strategy with algebraic tile media in the experimental class is proven to be better in increasing the ability to understand mathematical concepts and student creativity compared to conventional activities. This is following the hypothesis which states that there is an effect of the GASING strategy with algebraic tile media on students’ understanding of mathematical concepts and creativity.
The optimization of natural resources of local indonesian materials to synthesize magnetic and magnetic hybrid particles via chemical ablation, co-precipitation, and hydrothermal route process
Authors: Arjo S , Hidayat M N , Suminten N , Nurjanati B , Husain S
Published: March 2021

The magnetic nano-particle synthesized from natural iron sand had been successfully done. Generally, this natural iron sand is a kind of natural waste in Indonesia that has not been optimally used. This research is expected to explain the utilization of Indonesian local natural iron sand as an advanced magnetic material resource. Therefore the reader of this article can develop it for further application. Magnetic particles are a material that is very promising in supporting developments of science and technology. One of them is the development in medical fields. Most previous researchers carried out the magnetic synthesis of particles using chemicals as precursors. In this study, the researchers would like to report how to synthesize magnetic particles using local natural iron sand. The applied method consisted of three steps, namely chemical ablation, co-precipitation, and hydrothermal method. The results of this research showed that Zn-dopped magnetic particles in Quasi-spherical structures become hollow-microsphere morphological structures even though they had not been perfected yet. The Zn-dopped treatment broadens the frequency wave absorptions and magnetism properties. The Zn-dopped Ion had stronger magnetic properties than that of organic factor effects from C-dot that theoretically can decrease the magnetic properties. This article briefly describes the synthesis mechanism of magnetic material from natural iron sand as material resources to substitute highly expensive mainstream chemical material. However, this study still needs to be deeply investigated to produce the optimum scientific application.
The Role of Environment in Responding to Halal Skincare Products in Indonesia
Authors: Zaki K , Nopiah R , Walid A , Putra E P
Published: March 2021

Environmental conditions become one of the problems that must be considered and a solution sought. One of the causes is due to human activities in producing and consuming cosmetics industrial products, such as skincare. The study of the environment has not been much explored to what extent halal skincare products care about this issue. The purpose of this paper is to complement the lack of previous studies in discussing user perceptions related to the position of the contribution of halal skincare to environmental concerns whether it is underdeveloped or has developed ideally. The research used a quantitative descriptive method. It was conducted by distributing questionnaires to students conducting studies at universities in the city of Bengkulu, with instruments related to the demographic of respondents and their perceptions about environmental concern through halal skincare products that include content, cover, and campaign. The results show that the percentage of halal skincare content reaches 77%, cover reaches 59%, and campaigns reach 76% from the ideal condition for environmental concern.
Designing prototype model of virtual geometry in mathematics learning using augmented reality
Authors: Syafril S , Asril Z , Engkizar E , Zafirah A , Agusti F A , Sugiharta I
Published: March 2021

This study aims to design and to see the effectiveness of virtual geometry (VirGO) mobile application in learning mathematics based on Augmented Reality (AR). To create a virtual geometry application, the writer uses the three stages prototype method, making an AR software application using Unity3D, the process of modelling with Blender, and using Vuforia to develop augmented reality and marker. The experiment involves one hundred and twenty students in three junior high schools in Padang. The results of the study show that VirGO based on augmented reality has three advantages namely (1) the availability to display the detail objects and learning material realistically, (2) its interactivity supported by cutting-edge and powerful videos, images and animations features, and (3) increasing students’ interest in learning mathematics and reducing boredom. The results of this study have proved that learning mathematics will be interesting and more memorable if the teacher has the will and creativity in making various learning media.
Instrument analysis for motivation and interest in mathematics learning using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
Authors: Rinaldi Achi , Indriani Betha Ria , Yulina Rikka , Indra Saputra M. , Komarudin  , Yetri Y
Published: March 2021

Many studies in mathematics education discusses the relationship of latent variables that are measured directly. If latent variables measure directly, it will cause a bias in estimation. It is necessary to measure instruments that explain the relationship between latent variables and indicator variables, which should not be measured directly. This study aimed to analyze indicators of interest and motivation to learn mathematics, while the method we used is the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Indicators of the interest in learning mathematics are 1) Feeling of Happiness, 2) Student Curiosity, 3) Student Attention, 4) Student Involvement, while the indicators for motivation are 1) Perseverance in Learning, 2) Facing Difficulties Ability, 3) Sharpness in Attention 4) Achievement in Learning, 5) Independent in Learning. Four indicators of interest in mathematics show that only two indicators are qualified based on the Kaiser Mayer Oikin (KMO) score of 0.611 for the indicator of student curiosity and 0.507 for student involvement indicators. While the three indicators of motivation, which qualified based on the KMO score of 0.685 for perseverance in learning, 0.628 for facing difficulties ability, and 0.616 for the sharpness of Attention.
Optimal strategy in controlling non-vector pest insect using green insecticide and mating disruption with cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Fitri I R , Bakhtiar T , Hanum F , Kusnanto A
Published: March 2021

Pest insect is one of the major pests that cause damage and loss in agriculture around the world. This threat also comes with other complex problems such as environmental hazards by the indiscriminate pesticide and the rapid development of insects due to the environmental change. Therefore, more environmentally friendly and sustainable control methods need to be implemented. This paper discusses a generic model to describe plant-insect interaction and focuses on the interaction between non-vector pest insect and plant. The model consists of a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations representing insect-plant predator-prey interaction with the addition of two controls, namely green insecticide and mating disruption. An optimal control approach was exploited to solve the control problem and find a set of control strategies that regulate the system optimally. The simulations were conducted for three strategies and four scenarios describing possibilities in the real-world application. Our results suggest that all strategies managed to prevent agriculture loss. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to examine the cost and benefit of applying each strategy.
The influence of e-scaffolding in blended learning on prospective teacher’s scientific explanation
Authors: Amelia Rizki
Published: March 2021

Science is not only about facts and concepts, but also involves a scientific way of thinking and reasoning. The ability of scientific reasoning in science consists of explaining the facts in a problem (claim), connecting these facts with related concepts (evidence), and explaining the problem scientifically (reasoning). Scientific reasoning ability is a crucial ability in a prospective teacher. The results of observations at Islamic Primary School Teacher Education UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang found that the scientific reasoning abilities of prospective Islamic Primary School Teacher Education were still not developed. One of the strategies that can optimize students’ linking between concepts is scaffolding in blended learning. This study aims to examine the influence of e-scaffolding in blended learning on prospective teacher’s scientific explanation. This research was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test - post-test control group design. The research sample was taken using purposive sampling technique. The sample of this study consisted of 30 prospective Islamic Primary School Teacher with science concentration. The instrument for measuring scientific reasoning ability was description questions. The data analysis of this research used a t-test. The result of this study found out that e-scaffolding in blended learning influences the prospective teacher’s scientific explanation.
An analysis of the ability of mathematical connection with the material of rectangles and triangles
Authors: Qondiyana D , Riyadi  , Siswanto dan
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to analyze students’ mathematical connection ability in the material of rectangles and triangles. The method put on research is descriptive qualitative method. The research subjects were selected using a purposive sampling technique according to the classification of high, medium, and low initial abilities consisting of 2 students in each category. The selected subjects composed of 2 students based on the measurement scale of high ability category and the selected students had received material on rectangles and triangles. The research consisted of a test question instrument of mathematical connection. The results represented that mathematical connection ability with the material of rectangles and triangles is in a medium ability, that students can recognizing and using mathematical concepts outside the context of Mathematics in solving real-life problems. Some students can use the connection among mathematical concepts with other mathematical concepts but student did not provide the correct solution to the problem and some students cannot identify problems and use mathematical concepts.
Analysis of mathematic creative thinking skill with the material of matrix
Authors: Yuniarti A P , Pramudya I , Slamet I
Published: March 2021

Creative thinking skill is an ability to provide possible ideas and logical answers based on the information provided. The research aimed to identify and describe the creative thinking skills of mathematics. The type of this research was a qualitative descriptive research. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The results showed that of the 5 subjects, 20% of the subjects were unable to show the three indicators of creative thinking abilities in mathematics (not creative), 40% were able to show indicators of fluency (less creative), 20% were able to show Originality (creative enough), and 20 % were able to show indicators of fluency and flexibility (creative).
An analysis of generic science skills as 21st-century skills for preservice physics teacher at UIN Raden Intan Lampung
Authors: Yuberti  , Kartika Ika , Pratiwi Indah , Riyadi Beli , Latifah Sri , Pilia Qory Mei
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to describe the generic science skills of students who were conducting experiments on the mechanics practicum. This research was qualitative descriptive research. The research subjects were the students of the Physics Education Study Program of UIN Raden Intan Lampung in the academic year of 2019 with a total of 130 students. The data collection technique employed was the non-test technique with the observation sheets and interview guidelines as the research instruments. Student activities were observed by 4 observers through direct observation, indirect observation, quantities scale awareness, logical framework, the law of cause and effect, observation, and conclusion. The indicators of the generic science skills in this research were based on the analysis of previous research related to the relationship between generic science skills and 21st-century skills. The percentage of generic science skills was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the students’ overall average generic science skills were 67% which was in the moderate category. The highest was in the direct and indirect observations with a percentage of 78% which was in the high category while the lowest was in the principle-compliant logic framework with a percentage of 59% which was in the poor category. Due to the poor research results in several categories, it is suggested that educators reaffirm generic science skills in learning considering the importance of these skills to support students’ understanding and skills.
An analysis of the process of refractive thinking of eighth-grade students of State Junior High School in solving problems of linear equation system of two variables
Authors: Fatoni F , Sujadi I , Subanti S
Published: March 2021

Refractive thinking is a thinking process performed by a person to make a solution of decision from several alternative solutions through a process of reflection and critical thinking. This study aimed to describe the process of refractive thinking of eighth-grade students in solving the problems of linear equation system of two variables. This study was qualitative descriptive research. The collected data was analyzed through three stages, including data reduction, data display, and verification of conclusions. The results showed that in the refractive thinking of the students from the two subjects in solving SPLDV problems, the thinking characteristics of the subjects were in accordance with the flow of the process of refractive thinking, which was being able to decide the best solution from several alternative solutions when solving SPLDV problems by using a procedure for processing SPLDV by changing the story problems to a mathematical model, followed by an elimination procedure so that it can be done quickly and precisely. The subjects had gone through the process of identifying problems, strategic, and evaluation stages in refractive thinking.
Identification of electrical impedance correlation using interdigital transducer (IDT) electrode and blood glucose by giving variations of sugar concentration to male mice
Authors: Wulandari Dewi , Widodo Chomsin Sulistya , Retnaningtyas Ekowati
Published: March 2021

The electrical impedance depends on the frequency and material with the specific frequency using a Bioelectrical Impedance Spectrometer (BIS), a material detection using an Interdigital Transducer (IDT) electrode, and data process using software Data Acquisition (DAQ). The current electricity used in this tool is AC. The purpose is to identify the electrical impedance correlation to glucose, the effect of natural sugar on male mice’s blood, and identify impedance values in glucose conditions. The method is grouping the mice because they were given a variety of drinks for 1 month. The tails of mice were cut for blood and tested. Data stored using Microsoft Excel, Bode, and Nyquist plots of data stored in the form of images. Data processing using Ms. Excel. The results are glucose value generated from this study was normal. So far nothing significant has been found. The conclusion is that there is no discovery between electrical impedance and glucose in this study, due to several factors such as time, human error, measuring instruments, and the environment. Other animal factors are the effects of metabolism, lifestyle, size, body weight, and undetected disease. This study concludes that the value of glucose produced by each animal is different.
Probabilistic thinking level of junior high school 2 Rembang students who have not formally learnt probability material
Authors: Khoirunnisa S , Sujadi I , Subanti S
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to describe the level of probabilistic thinking of students with high mathematics abilities and have not formally learned about probability material in Junior High School of 2 Rembang. The research subjects were 2 seventh graders with high mathematics abilities. This research was qualitative research that employed the case study. The main instrument of the research was the researcher and the supporting instruments were the task in the form of probabilistic problems and interview guidelines. The data had been validated using the triangulation of the method. The results showed that the level of probabilistic thinking of junior high school students with high mathematics abilities who have not formally learned the probability material are as follows: (a) In the construct of sample space, the students were at the level of informal quantitative level (level 3) with the characteristics of being able to list the results of stage two experiment using part of the generative strategy. (b) In the construct of experimental probabilities of an event, the students were at the numerical level (level 4) with the characteristics of being able to collect appropriate data to determine the numerical value of the experimental probabilities. (c) In the construct of probabilities comparison, students were at the numerical level (level 4) with the characteristics of being able to determine the size numerically and compare the probabilities.
Design of water purification polluted by heavy metal Fe with active charcoal media of palm oil and bamboo
Authors: Ariyadi R , Fatmawati S , Syar N I , Nasir M , Maulina D , Suhartono
Published: March 2021

The design of a water purifier contaminated with heavy metal Fe has been made using activated charcoal media from palm oil shell and bamboo. The best oil palm shell activated charcoal with the following conditions: yield; 78.79%, water content; 0.50%, ash content; 10%, volatile matter content; 59.13%, bound carbon content; 41%, while the best activated bamboo charcoal with conditions: yield; 68.64%, water content; 0.50%, ash content; 8%, volatile matter content; 61.80%, bound carbon content; 38%. The experiment was started by making a sample of Kahayan river water according to data from the environmental service of Central Kalimantan province with a Fe content of 5.59 mg / L. The sample was tested using an Automic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). From the data, it can be concluded that the absorption of heavy metal Fe with a length of 5 cm of activated charcoal can reduce all levels of Fe in the sample so that variations in the length of activated charcoal filling exceeding 5 cm are more effective
Developing an e-learning-based critical-thinking assessment as a physics learning evaluation media with Kahoot! interactive quiz
Authors: Diana N , Latifah S , Yuberti  , Komikesari H , Rohman M.H. , Tiyan Lady
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine process, feasibility, validity, and reliability of the developed E-learning-based critical thinking assessment as a physics learning evaluation media with Kahoot!. The Research and Development method used was by Borg & Gall. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The type of data produced was quantitative data. The final product was declared feasible with the obtained score percentage of 85.89% by media experts, 80.50% by the material expert, and 94.93% by information and technology expert. The developed product was deemed attractive with the obtained attractiveness score percentages in the small-group trial of 86.10% and the field trial of 83.03%. The items of the product were reliable. The objective of this study was only to develop a physics learning evaluation product using Kahoot! and did not seek the influence of the use of the developed product. Therefore, for further research it can be found the effect of using the following products on student achievement. Based on the research results, the developed product in the form of an E-learning-based critical thinking assessment as a physics learning evaluation media with Kahoot! interactive quiz is said to be feasible and can be used to evaluate physics learning activities.
Bibliometric analysis: Augmented reality-based physics laboratory with VOSviewer software
Authors: Putri Cindi Ratna , Soleh Sofyan M , Saregar Antomi , Anugrah Adyt , Susilowati Nur Endah
Published: March 2021

Augmented reality (AR) is a breakthrough in future technology trends that combine information and virtual objects that draw the user’s imagination into a real scene. The implementation of AR into the world of education will greatly affect the transformation of education, especially in the physics education laboratory. The purpose of this research was to analyze the application of the AR in the physics laboratory by providing bibliometric analysis so that the opportunities for further research can be presented. The data had been collected from the Scopus database. There were 80 articles found using the keywords “Augmented Reality and Physics”, 21 articles were found using the keywords “Augmented Reality and Physics Education” and 10 articles were found using the keywords “Augmented Reality and Physics Laboratory”. Then all data was classified according to the type of co-occurrence analysis based on the keywords of the author, co-authorship for unit countries, publication density, and year of publication using VOSviewer software. Based on the analysis, research on the augmented reality-based physics laboratory on the Higher-Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) aspect has never been studied. Previous research discussed physics laboratory experiments based on AR technology using Smart glasses to foster the concept of heat conduction and the effects of AR technology on students’ cognitive in the physics laboratory. Thus, HOTS on AR-based physics laboratories can be opportunities for future research.
Mathematical modeling for awareness, knowledge, and perception that influence willpower to pay tax using multiple regression
Authors: Rinaldi Achi , Devi Yulistia
Published: March 2021

One effort to increase revenue is to increase the source of funds obtained from within the country, namely taxes. The taxpayer’s willingness in their tax payments is essential to optimize tax revenue, so it needs a particular study on this matter. This study discusses the factors that influence the willingness to pay taxes for private taxpayers using multiple regression. The model of willingness to pay taxes through 3 variables, namely: awareness, knowledge, and perception of taxpayers. The study location in Lampung Province was divided into five regions based on the tax office that sheltered it. The samples were taken 100 respondents through a questionnaire with a stratified random sampling technique. The regression model in this study gives significant results for all independent variable coefficients. The variable that has the most significant effect on the willingness to pay taxes is the awareness variable with p-value < 0.05. Stakeholders have to improve awareness, knowledge, and perception to increase state tax revenue.
Digital flipbook immunopedia (DFI): A learning media to improve conceptual of immune system
Authors: Ristanto Rizhal Hendi , Mahardika Reza Dino , Rusdi
Published: March 2021

The research purpose is to analyze digital flipbook immunopedia (DFI) learning media implementation for immune system concept mastery improvement. The research method used quasi-experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. The research carried out at SMAN 1 Cibinong, Indonesia in Grade XI of MIPA. Samples consisted of 62 students. Instruments used in the research were in the form of multiple-choice questions of 40 questions. The instrument grid refered to a revised Bloom’s Taxonomy levels with indicators of C1 to C6. The instruments were valid and had a significantly high reliability. The Wilcoxon test result of 0.000 indicated the effect of DFI on learning. Average total result of Normalized Gain was 0.81, which was high and the Effect Size test result was 2.37 indicating a strong effect. It proved that DFI could improve the immune system concept mastery. The immune system learning should utilize digital learning media, such as flipbook that could assist in the achievement of concept mastery.
Respiratory system: A learning content development system-based student worksheet in biology
Authors: Thahir Andi , Gustina  , Yetri  , Bulantika Siti Zahra , Sari Permata , Rimonda Rubi , Dewantari Tri
Published: March 2021

This study aims to develop student worksheets based on Learning Content Development System (LCDS) to help and motivate students to participate in classroom learning. This research development research using the Borg and Gall research model, with seven stages, namely the preliminary study, the planning stage, the product development stage, the design validation stage, the testing and revision of the results. The results of this study indicate that the development of LCDS-based worksheets is in the very feasible category, can be used easily, with instructions for use, encourages students to learn optimally, presents interestingly, and is not dull. Student worksheets can be developed with various innovations as learning materials and media for students.
Mini review: Improving teachers’ quality in STEM-based science teaching-learning in secondary school
Authors: Syafril Syafrimen , Rahayu Titik , Al-Munawwarah Sophia Fithri , Satar Ibdal , Halim Lilia Bt , Yaumas Nova Erlina , Pahrudin Agus
Published: March 2021

The latest Approach in the teaching-learning process called “Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics” (STEM) has become the most recent trend in this decade. STEM aims not only to process and produce talents with expertise in education but also to function as a catalyst for economic growth and national development. However, there are still impending issues associated with the usage of STEM in secondary school, one of which is related to the quality of teachers. Previous research was used as a reference to discuss each of the problems analysed using NVIVO 12.0 software. The result showed that (i) an effective curriculum and (ii) increased motivation and teacher assistance in implementing STEM were the basis for improving teacher quality in STEM-based learning. STEM is useful in science learning, used in applying knowledge and skills for problem solving in everyday life. To improve teacher quality in the STEM-based teaching and learning process, teachers must master the conceptual model, design, implementation and evaluation of an integrated curriculum. Ongoing assistance to teachers to increase motivation in the STEM-based teaching and learning process also needs attention.
Problem-based learning model on students’ critical-thinking skills: A meta-analysis study
Authors: Bonafide Dhea Yusma , Yuberti  , Saregar Antomi , Fasa Muhammad Iqbal
Published: March 2021

The Problem-based Learning model is increasingly popular in physics learning since it encourages students to think openly, actively, and reflectively. Thus, it affects students’ critical-thinking skills. Through the meta-analysis, this study discussed how Problem-based Learning improved students’ critical-thinking skills. In this study, the researchers employed the experimental design with a meta-analysis technique. The research had been conducted by collecting articles from Google Scholar, Scopus, and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center). A total of 122 articles had been obtained which then 15 articles were selected and analyzed through 5 stages, namely (1) Orientation, (2) Conceptualization, (3) Investigation, (4) Discussion, and (5) Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that the Problem-based Learning model was able to improve students’ critical-thinking processes from the elementary level to the tertiary level. However, research on the Problem-based Learning model toward students’ critical-thinking skills has not been done much in the field of physics-based on levels and dependent variables.
E-module development based on PBL integrated STEM assisted by social media to improve critical thinking skill: A preliminary study
Authors: Kurniati Rika Dwi , Andra Doni , Wayan Distrik I
Published: March 2021

This research aims to develop an electronic module (e-module) based on problem-based learning (PBL) integrated into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) assisted by social media to improve students’ critical thinking skills in a dynamic fluid material. The development of this research used a mixed-method consisting of qualitative and quantitative data. This study involved 308 students and 17 physics teachers in Lampung province. The results of the preliminary research conducted by only 12.5% of teachers used STEM integrated PBL-based e-modules to improve students’ critical thinking skills and 46.6% of students stated that they only used printed books when physics learning. 100% of teachers and 88.2% of students stated that they need e-modules to make learning easier. 50% of teachers stated that they use social media as a learning tool. Based on the results of the preliminary study, the use of e-modules is needed by teachers and students. A need analysis needs to be done for the development of E-Module integrates STEM-assisted PBL-based social media to enhance students’ critical thinking skills.
The development physics e-module based PBL–Integrated STEM to improve higher-order thinking skills on static fluid material
Authors: Pane Ayu Novitasari , Andra Doni , Wayan Distrik I
Published: March 2021

One of the skills of the 21st-century in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, namely higher-order thinking skills. According to TIMSS, high-level thinking skills in Indonesia are still low. Teaching materials that do not contain 21st-century skills will have an impact on the effectiveness of achieving competence in learning. This study aims to analyze the need for e-modules as teaching materials and to determine the teacher’s response to the STEM integrated e-module. This research uses mixed methods. This research was conducted in several high schools in the Lampung area with 20 physics subject teachers as the research subjects. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews. The object of this research is high-level thinking, Problem Based Learning model, and STEM integrated e-module analysis. The results showed that teachers need e-modules as a learning resource that is integrated with STEM to improve higher-order thinking skills. The e-module is expected to be a learning resource that can integrate text, animation, video, and audio and can explain abstract concepts in physics learning. So, in further research, an e-module based on Problem Based Learning with STEM integration can be developed to improve high-level thinking skills.
Literature Research: Ethnoscience in Science Learning
Authors: Wati Erma , Yuberti  , Saregar Antomi , Fasa Muhammad Iqbal , Aziz Abdul
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research was to provide a bibliometric literature review to find the trends of research on the discussion of Ethnoscience in science learning. The descriptive method with the bibliometric approach was applied in this research. The articles were found on the Google Scholar and Scopus databases assisted by the Publish or Perish (PoP) software. The numbers of articles obtained were 661 in 2015-2020 (5 year period). All articles had been selected according to the criteria determined by the researcher. The Mendeley software was used to manage the metadata so that the final numbers of articles were 272. The visualization was produced using Bibliometric VOSviewer software. The trends recommendations for further research on the Ethnoscience in science learning are related to ethnostem, chemistry learning, and the development of teaching material in the form of books and worksheets related to Ethnoscience in science learning.