bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of acid-base disturbances in perinatal mortality of calves: a review
Authors: Szenci O.
Published: August 2022

At present, the main emphasis is on preventing asphyxia, since instruments suitable for artificial respiration in calves under practical conditions are not yet widely available. The most important breeding objective is to reduce the number of births in which calving assistance is required. This is even more important, since calving assistance in itself may result in a shift of the calf's acid-base balance. In cases of difficult calving, the mode and time of calving assistance should be chosen with regard to profitability factors and in a manner to allow the least possible shift of the calf's acid-base balance towards acidosis. Before applying traction, the measurements of the soft birth canal should always be considered and if necessary must be expanded non-surgically or surgically, and obstetrical lubricants should be used to avoid traction for longer than 2 to 3 minutes. If a prolonged traction is expected, a caesarean section should be carried out to save the calf and to prevent injuries to the maternal birth canal. Recent studies have shown that before making a decision as to the mode of calving assistance applied in an animal hospital, the results of acid-base balance determinations from blood samples should be considered. The routine use of complex treatments of calves born with severe asphyxia may reduce postnatal calf losses. In addition to adequate therapy, particular attention should be paid to the ingestion of sufficient amounts of colostrum, since the lack of colostrum uptake is accompanied by increased susceptibility to
Escherichia coli
infections.
Edible vaccines: alternatives to conventional immunization.
Authors: Rowlandson K. , Tackaberry E.
Published: August 2022

Increased numbers of new pathogenic infections and the development of antibiotic resistance to many old pathogens have forced us to focus on prevention, rather than treatment, of infectious diseases. Widespread vaccination has therefore become a major target for many countries. However, numerous countries do not have adequate access to vaccines that are regularly administered in developed countries. As well, there are many pathogens to which there are currently no vaccines available. One of the many new technologies/approaches for addressing these needs is the production of subunit vaccines in transgenic, edible plants, which enable oral vaccine delivery. A variety of plants have now been used as hosts for vaccines, still at the experimental stage, including tobacco, potatoes, carrots, rice, and tomatoes. The main goal of an oral vaccine is the induction of a mucosal immune response and a subsequent systemic immune response. By stimulating a strong mucosal immune response, edible vaccines may provide effective immunity against pathogens that invade both mucosal and systemic sites. Immunization studies with plant-derived subunit vaccines have demonstrated that plants are able to produce recombinant proteins that retain antigenic and immunogenic properties. Although many issues and concerns still remain regarding the safety and efficacy of edible vaccines in humans, current data indicate that edible vaccines are indeed a promising option for the future.
Semen collection in catfish species, with particular emphasis on the African catfish.
Authors: Viveiros A. T. M.
Published: August 2022

This minireview describes the current knowledge on semen collection in captive male catfish. It is well known that when some catfish species, such as the African catfish (
Clarias gariepinus
and
Heterobranchus longifilis
), channel catfish (
Ictalurus punctatus
), blue catfish (
I. furcatus
), Asian catfish (
C. macrocephalus
), and Indian catfish (
Heteropneustes fossilis
) are kept in captivity, hand-stripping of semen is impossible. To reproduce these species artificially, males are sacrificed and intratesticular semen is spread over the eggs. This is considered the major constraint in catfish culture, as both selection and genetic improvement are compromised. Different hormone treatments that either induce or mimic the prespawning gonadotropin surge have been tested with respect to their ability to induce semen release and possibly facilitate stripping of semen under abdominal massage. However, little or no success has been obtained. Recently, the effects of oxytocin on sperm transit in catfish have been tested, but the results are still not conclusive. It has been demonstrated that stripping of semen in catfish species is not possible because of an anatomical blockage. This has been observed in African catfish that have been fed on 17α-methyltestosterone (MT)-supplemented diet during larval stages and have developed without seminal vesicles but can be stripped following treatment with carp pituitary suspension (cPS). The efficiency of these hormone treatments and their ability to facilitate hand-stripping of semen in catfish species are discussed.
Immunological aspects of poult enteritis and mortality syndrome.
Authors: Heggen-Peay C. L. , Qureshi M. A.
Published: August 2022

Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) is an intestinal disease of turkeys with a complex and multifactorial aetiology. It is characterized by high morbidity, mortality, and immune dysfunction in young turkeys. One of the earliest indications that the immune system is affected during PEMS is the observation of severe lymphoid organ atrophy. Further investigation reveals functional alterations in several aspects of immunity in birds exposed to PEMS or PEMS agents, including reduced phagocytic potential of macrophages, reduced lymphoproliferative response to mitogen, and reduced antibody response. In addition, alterations in cytokine profiles and T lymphocyte subpopulations have been demonstrated in birds exposed to PEMS agents. This review describes alterations in innate, cell-mediated, and humoral immunity associated with PEMS and its associated pathogenic agents, including an astrovirus, a reovirus, and
Escherichia coli
The Old World date palm mite
Oligonychus afrasiaticus
(McGregor 1939) (Acari: Tetranychidae), a major fruit pest: biology, ecology, and management
Authors: El-Shafie Hamadttu A.F.
Published: August 2022

The date dust mite (DDM),
Oligonychus afrasiaticus
(McGregor 1939) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an extremely serious fruit pest of date palm,
Phoenix dactylifera
L. In recent years, the mite caused economic damage and reduction of yield in may date palm-growing countries in North Africa and the Middle East. Damage loss may range between 50% and 70% and in severe infestation; it may reach 100% if not controlled. This mite has a high reproductive capacity and produces a tremendous amount of dense silken webs that reduce the efficiency of predators and hinder penetration of acaricides. Selection pressure due to frequent use of limited active ingredients encouraged the development of resistance among populations of the mite. Predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae such as
Cydnoseius negevi
and the coccinellid ladybird beetle
Stethorus
spp. are associated with
O. afrasiaticus
in the field and may provide a potential source of biological control. The DDM is not easy to control; however, cultural, biological, and chemical measures are successfully used to limit the extent of damage in date palm plantations. This article summarizes and compiles recent advances pertaining to the mite taxonomy, biology, ecology, phenology and management. Additionally, future research prospects are also discussed.
MPST sulfurtransferase maintains mitochondrial protein import and cellular bioenergetics to attenuate obesity
Authors: Katsouda Antonia , Valakos Dimitrios , Dionellis Vasilios S. , Bibli Sofia-Iris , Akoumianakis Ioannis , Karaliota Sevasti , Zuhra Karim , Fleming Ingrid , Nagahara Noriyuki , Havaki Sophia , Gorgoulis Vassilis G. , Thanos Dimitris , Antoniades Charalambos , Szabo Csaba , Papapetropoulos Andreas
Published: August 2022

Given the clinical, economic, and societal impact of obesity, unraveling the mechanisms of adipose tissue expansion remains of fundamental significance. We previously showed that white adipose tissue (WAT) levels of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), a mitochondrial cysteine-catabolizing enzyme that yields pyruvate and sulfide species, are downregulated in obesity. Here, we report that Mpst deletion results in fat accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) through transcriptional and metabolic maladaptation. Mpst-deficient mice on HFD exhibit increased body weight and inguinal WAT mass, reduced metabolic rate, and impaired glucose/insulin tolerance. At the molecular level, Mpst ablation activates HIF1α, downregulates subunits of the translocase of outer/inner membrane (TIM/TOM) complex, and impairs mitochondrial protein import. MPST deficiency suppresses the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation, enhancing lipid accumulation. Sulfide donor administration to obese mice reverses the HFD-induced changes. These findings reveal the significance of MPST for white adipose tissue biology and metabolic health and identify a potential new therapeutic target for obesity.
On constraint preservation and strong hyperbolicity
Authors: Abalos J Fernando
Published: August 2022

We use partial differential equations (PDEs) to describe physical systems. In general, these equations include evolution and constraint equations. One method used to find solutions to these equations is the free-evolution approach, which consists in obtaining the solutions of the entire system by solving only the evolution equations. Certainly, this is valid only when the chosen initial data satisfies the constraints and the constraints are preserved in the evolution. In this paper, we establish the sufficient conditions required for the PDEs of the system to guarantee the constraint preservation. This is achieved by considering quasi-linear first-order PDEs, assuming the sufficient condition and deriving strongly hyperbolic first-order partial differential evolution equations for the constraints. We show that, in general, these constraint evolution equations correspond to a family of equations parametrized by a set of free parameters. We also explain how these parameters fix the propagation velocities of the constraints. As application examples of this framework, we study the constraint conservation of the Maxwell electrodynamics and the wave equations in arbitrary space–times. We conclude that the constraint evolution equations are unique in the Maxwell case and a family in the wave equation case.
An automated pipeline for scattered light noise characterization
Authors: Bianchi Stefano , Longo Alessandro , Valdes Guillermo , González Gabriela , Plastino Wolfango
Published: August 2022

Scattered light noise (or scattering) affects the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors in their detection frequency band. The mitigation of such nonlinear and nonstationary noise can be carried out experimentally and employing data analysis techniques, e.g., applying adaptive algorithms to the data affected by noise. We present
gwas
, a fully automated pipeline based on the time-varying filter empirical mode decomposition (tvf-EMD) algorithm, to identify, characterize, and monitor objects inducing scattering to the gravitational wave detector’s output. The tvf-EMD algorithm is suitable for decomposing signals with time-dependent frequency, such as scattering. The pipeline application to LIGO Livingston data shows that most of the scattering noise present in the third observation run was due to the penultimate mass at the end of the X-arm of the detector (EXPUM), whose motion is excited in the 0.1 Hz to 0.3 Hz frequency range (so-called microseismic band). Furthermore, we show that the pipeline can perform daily analyses, and we test it on six days of LIGO Livingston data. These analyses allowed monitoring of the onset and time evolution of scattering due to the EXPUM in connection with the variability of microseismic band noise measured at the detector site.
Stability of hydrogen molecular ion in non-ideal classical plasmas
Authors: Das Biswajit , Ghoshal Arijit
Published: August 2022

The effects of non-ideality (NI) of plasma on the energy levels of the hydrogen molecular ion (

H

2

+

) have been investigated by computing accurate binding energies of the ion under non-ideal plasma. The screened interaction potential in the plasma has been described by a pseudopotential which is derived from a solution of Bogolyubov’s hierarchy equations by ignoring the effects of quantum degeneracy. Changes in the energy of the ground state and the first excited state along with the expectations of some important quantities associated with the ground state of

H

2

+

due to the NI of the plasma varying within a wide range have been studied in details. Special emphasis is made on the stability of the ion under varying NI of plasma. Moreover, appearance of the Borromean window and its changes with varying NI are also been discussed in details.
Online diagnosis for rolling bearings based on multi-channel convolution and transfer learning
Authors: Meng Zong , Zhao Ziqi , Zhu Bo , Fan Fengjie
Published: August 2022

In recent years, the fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have been widely applied. In practical engineering, there are great distribution differences between the training and testing data in the network, leading to low diagnosis reliability. Transfer learning can solve such problems by learning domain invariant features. In this paper, a multi-channel convolutional online transfer network model for rolling bearing fault diagnosis is proposed. In the model, the offline stage merges the time domain and frequency domain features of the original data. A three-channel dataset is constructed as input of the network. And the domain invariant features can be learnt by fully training the offline stage network model. The online model is initialized by the parameters transferred from the offline network. The model also designs an online update strategy according to the prediction error. So that the model can adapt to new data, and finally realize the online diagnosis of the rolling bearing fault state. The validity and accuracy of the model are verified by the different laboratory measurement of rolling bearing operating datasets.
Corrigendum: Thermodynamic parameters of atomically thin superconductors derived from the upper critical field (2022 Supercond. Sci. Technol.
35
084007)
Authors: Talantsev Evgeny F
Published: August 2022

Equations (35)–(37) in original article (2022 Supercond. Sci. Technol.
35 084007) were inadvertently written with misprints. Correct versions of these equations are given in this Corrigendum. I confirm that misprints are restricted to the printing versions of these equations in the original article, and data analysis reported in the article was performed by the use of correct versions of these equations.
Nonlinear dynamics of the dissipative anisotropic two-photon Dicke model
Authors: Li Jiahui , Fazio Rosario , Chesi Stefano
Published: August 2022

We study the semiclassical limit of the anisotropic two-photon Dicke model with a dissipative bosonic field and describe its rich nonlinear dynamics. Besides normal and ‘superradiant’-like phases, the presence of localized fixed points reflects the spectral collapse of the closed-system Hamiltonian. Through Hopf bifurcations of superradiant and normal fixed points, limit cycles are formed in certain regions of parameters. We also identify a pole-flip transition induced by anisotropy and a region of chaotic dynamics, which appears from a cascade of period-doubling bifurcations. In the chaotic region, collision and fragmentation of symmetric attractors take place. Throughout the phase diagram we find several examples of phase coexistence, leading to the segmentation of phase space into distinct basins of attraction.
Broadband acoustic double-zero-index cloaking with coupled Helmholtz resonators
Authors: Wang WenQin , Fang XinSheng , Wang NengYin , Li Yong , Hao Tong
Published: August 2022

Acoustic double-zero-index metamaterials (DZIM) characterized by extremely large phase velocity along with no phase changes of the wave propagation inside the materials have received tremendous attention due to the fascinating physics and potential applications. However, due to the requirement of the degeneracy of dipolar and monopolar resonances and the available resonance-induced losses, the realization of highly efficient and broadband near-zero index metamaterials is still facing challenges. Here we report that by coupling two identical Helmholtz resonators with a connecting channel, acoustic DZIM can be realized. Owing to the presence of a connecting tube, the system can generate the dipolar mode that is independently tunable and the monopolar mode that is virtually unchanged. It thereby makes the mass density (ρ) and the reciprocal of the bulk modulus (1/B) simultaneously crossing zero possible. We numerically obtain the transmission and phase, and then calculate the effective mass density and bulk modulus, which agree remarkably well with the experimental results. Finally, we successfully cloak a rectangle block inside a two-dimensional waveguide grafted by the designed acoustic DZIM array of unit cells. A broadband cloaking is experimentally demonstrated at 1865–1925 Hz, which can offer potential possibilities for vast practical applications.
Autonomous jerk oscillator with sine nonlinearity and logistic map for sEMG encryption
Authors: Ramakrishnan Balamurali , Welba Colince , Chamgoué André Cheage , Karthikeyan Anitha , Kingni Sifeu Takougang
Published: August 2022

This research discusses the dynamical behaviors of the autonomous jerk oscillator with sine nonlinearity (AJOSN) and its application to secure s-EMG (Surface ElectroMyoGraphic) data. The AJOSN has two or no-equilibrium points, and the stability of the two equilibrium points indicates that one is stable and the other is unstable. The AJOSN reveals fast-spiking and periodic bursting, relaxing and periodic oscillations, hidden chaotic attractors and coexisting attractors. The numerical analysis results are validated by the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation. Finally, the AJOSN’s chaotic behavior coupled with the logistic map is exploited to encrypt the s-EMG signals. The proposed encryption and decryption method consists of simultaneously encrypting the sEMG signal. The sEMG signal, once transformed into 2D as a grayscale image, undergoes first encryption based on the chaotic signal generated by the AJOSN (Autonomous jerk oscillator with sine nonlinearity) model. The encrypted signal obtained from this first part is called ‘Jerk encrypted signal.’ The second part is to encrypt the ‘Jerk Encrypted Signal’ by the chaotic logistics map. The encryption and decryption results obtained are quite encouraging and offer a great prospect.
Nonreciprocal transmission in a four-mode cavity magnonics system
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Li Jingyan , Cheng Xuxin , Li Guang-an
Published: August 2022

We propose a scheme to create optical nonreciprocal transmission in a double-cavity magnonics system, where one yttrium iron garnet sphere is placed in one of the cavities and a mechanical oscillator is shared by the coupled double microwave cavities. By manipulating the magnon–microwave photon coupling, we reveal the nonreciprocal propagation of electromagnetic fields at microwave frequencies in red and blue-detuned regimes. Furthermore, the nonreciprocal isolation ratio and group delay are analyzed. This scheme can inspire methods for constructing nonreciprocal devices.
Argon doped pellets for fast and efficient radiative power removal in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Kallenbach A. , Lang P.T. , Bernert M. , Dux R. , Eberl T. , Gleiter T. , McDermott R.M. , Piccinni C. , Ploeckl B. , Rohde V. , Zito A.
Published: August 2022

Argon doped deuterium pellets with about 1 per mille Ar atomic fraction have been injected into ASDEX Upgrade H-mode discharges and demonstrate fast and efficient power removal from the outer plasma region. Bolometer views directly on the pellet and in its very close vicinity observe a strong, non-toroidally symmetric radiation pattern on a fast, sub-ms time scale. This pattern is explained by the ionisation process of the delivered Ar neutrals, leading to non-coronal radiation by intermediate ionisation stages until the equilibrium He like stage is reached. Subsequently, a toroidally symmetric radiation increase is observed with a fast initial decay time of about 20 ms consistent with the radial particle transport time scale for a source located in the outer plasma. In the following, a radiation pattern related to Ar recycling develops comparable to the pattern observed with Ar midplane gas puffing which decays with the Ar divertor pumping time of about 200 ms. The energy radiated around each pellet is described by the radiative potential of Ar evaluated for non-coronal conditions with the ablation time as the relevant time scale. A factor 4 too low radiated energy is obtained by this simple model, which could be explained by stronger deviations from corona equilibrium and plasma parameter variations in the vicinity of the pellet. Injection of Ar-doped pellets into a no-ELM quasi-continuous exhaust H-mode discharge showed no triggering of ELMs by the pellet. Advantages of the pellet seeding scheme are the faster reaction time of the radiation compared to gas puffing, which may be important to counter-act transient re-attachment in ITER or in a reactor and an elevated radiative efficiency in the outer core plasma due to non-corona effects.
A tungsten deep neural-network potential for simulating mechanical property degradation under fusion service environment
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Wang Yinan , Zhang Linfeng , Dai Fuzhi , Wang Han
Published: August 2022

Tungsten is a promising candidate material in fusion energy facilities. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal the atomistic scale mechanisms, so they are crucial for the understanding of the macroscopic property deterioration of tungsten under harsh and complex service environments. The interatomic potential used in the MD simulations is required to accurately describe a wide spectrum of relevant defect properties, which is by far challenging to the existing interatomic potentials. In this paper, we propose a new three-body embedding descriptor and hybridize it into the deep-potential (DP) framework, an end-to-end deep learning interatomic potential model. The potential model for tungsten, named DP-HYB, is trained with a database constructed by the concurrent learning method. The DP-HYB model is able to accurately predict elastic constants, stacking fault energy, the formation energies of free surfaces, and point defects, which are considered in the training dataset. It also accurately evaluates the formation energies of grain boundaries and prismatic loops, the core structure of screw dislocation, the Peierls barrier, and the transition path of the screw dislocation migration, which do not explicitly present in the training dataset. The DP-HYB is a good candidate for the atomistic simulations of tungsten property deterioration, especially those involving the mechanical property degradation under the harsh fusion service environment.
Critical behaviour of the quasi-periodic quantum Ising chain
Authors: Crowley P J D , Laumann C R , Chandran A
Published: August 2022

The interplay of correlated spatial modulation and symmetry breaking leads to quantum critical phenomena intermediate between those of the clean and randomly disordered cases. By performing a detailed analytic and numerical case study of the quasi-periodically (QP) modulated transverse field Ising chain, we provide evidence for the conjectures of reference (Crowley et al 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett.
120 175702) regarding the QP-Ising universality class. In the generic case, we confirm that the logarithmic wandering coefficient w governs both the macroscopic critical exponents and the energy-dependent localisation length of the critical excitations. However, for special values of the phase difference Δ between the exchange and transverse field couplings, the QP-Ising transition has different properties. For Δ = 0, a generalised Aubry–André duality prevents the finite energy excitations from localising despite the presence of logarithmic wandering. For Δ such that the fields and couplings are related by a lattice shift, the wandering coefficient w vanishes. Nonetheless, the presence of small couplings leads to non-trivial exponents and localised excitations. Our results add to the rich menagerie of quantum Ising transitions in the presence of spatial modulation.
The stabilization of random Boolean networks through edge immunization
Authors: Wang Jiannan , Wei Wei , Gao Qing , Zheng Zhiming
Published: August 2022

The stability of random Boolean networks (RBNs) has aroused continuous interest due to its close relationship with genetic regulatory systems. In this paper, we aim to stabilize RBNs through immunization of a minimum set of influential edges. By formulizing network stability with edge-based Hamming distance, we exploit the cavity method with the assumption of locally tree-like topology and find that the stability of RBNs is determined by the largest eigenvalue of weighted non-backtracking matrix. Combined with the collective influence theory in optimal percolation research, we quantify the contribution of each edge to the largest eigenvalue and propose an efficient edge immunization strategy. As validation we perform numerical simulations on both synthetic and real-world networks. Results show that the proposed strategy outperforms the other benchmarks and achieves stabilization with fewer immune edges. In addition, we also find that the top influential edges are rarely the most connected, which emphasizes the significance of global network topology rather than local connections. Our work sheds light on the stabilization of RBNs, and moreover, provides necessary theoretical guidance to the targeted therapy of genetic diseases.
Sine Cosine Algorithm for Tuning Cascaded PI Controllers for PMSM Drive System Speed Control
Authors: Naser Doaa Salih , Abed Issa Ahmed , Al-Thammer Diyah
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the new metaheuristic which termed as the Sine-Cosine Algorithm (SCA) to tune the parameters of three Proportional Integrals that are optimum (PI) controllers to track the speed desired of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The Integral Time Square Error (ITSE) is utilized as an objective function. The suggested PI controllers tuned by the algorithm are used to obtain the best PI values. Finally, the simulation findings reveal that the suggested objective fitness with this algorithm is more successful than the classical approach for tuning PI values in terms of high-speed tracking and less ripple.
Energy Efficient Ant Colony System for Packet Routing in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Nasir Husna Jamal Abdul , Ku-Mahamud Ku Ruhana , Kamioka Eiji
Published: August 2022

Routing packets in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is challenging due to the distribution of sensor nodes with different ability. Inefficient routing may lead to higher failure rate, higher latency and higher energy consumption. One of the common approaches to solve this problem is by using bio-inspired routing algorithms due to their abilities to adapt with dynamic environment. This paper proposed an improved ant colony system for packing routing in WSN that focuses on exploration and exploitation techniques. In the proposed routing algorithm, the best path to be used for packet transmission will be determined by considering the remaining energy of each sensor node to reduce the hotspot problem. Local pheromone update and global pheromone update are used with the aim to prevent imbalanced energy depletion of sensor nodes and to balance the packet distribution. The proposed routing algorithm was validated against several bio-inspired routing algorithms in medium and large sized networks. The results suggested that it has outperformed in terms of success rate, packet loss rate, latency and energy efficiency.
Double-layer Remote Configuration with LaOF: Eu3+ and Sr3WO6:U Phosphors: A Selection for Enhancing The Optical Efficiency of WLEDs
Authors: Hung Khanh Nguyen , Le Phan Xuan , Lee Hsiao-Yi
Published: August 2022

Although the distant phosphor configuration is a good selection for high-luminescence WLEDs, it did not satisfy the high color adequacy standard. With the aim of achieving improved chromatic indices, including the index for color rendering (CRI) and the scale of color quality (CQS), for the distant phosphor structure, a dual-layer design with red or green phosphor addition is suggested in this research report. The color temperature of the WLEDs packets employed in this investigation is 8500 K. The phosphor configuration will be produced by layering green Sr3WO6:U or red LaOF:Eu3+ phosphor on top of the yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+. The concentration of additional red phosphor LaOF:Eu3+ and green phosphor Sr3WO6:U will then be adjusted to observe the changes in color in luminescence performance of the WLED packages. The theory of Mie about scattering combined with Lambert Beer’s rule supports the investigation on optical results. The findings demonstrated a rise in CRI and CQS along with the existence of LaOF:Eu3+, indicating that the LaOF:Eu3+ presence has a major impact on these two elements. Because of the increased concentration of red light components within WLED packets, CRI and CQS increase with increasing concentration of LaOF:Eu3+. In the meantime, the green phosphor Sr3WO6:U improves the beams of light. However, if the concentrations of both the red LaOF:Eu3+ and the green Sr3WO6:U phosphors are above the corresponding level, the beams of light and color intensity will be reduced. The outcomes of this study are crucial references for producing WLEDs with greater light of white standard.
Design and characterization of Screen-Printed Piezoresistive Cantilever for Gas Sensor Application
Authors: Saleh Naouras , Jamel Nursabirah , Nawi Illani Mohd
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the design, and the characterization of screen-printed cantilever-based humidity sensor are described. The project investigated in detail the sensitivity, and fabrication process of screen-printing based sensor with coated active humidity material on cantilever’s free end. The main aim of this paper is to compare the screen-printed technology with other existing technologies like micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS), and low temperature cofired circuit (LTCC). The sensor has been simulated under different level of relative humidity with two different temperature value: 35°C, and 45°C. This paper also represents an analytical and mathematical modeling approach for frequency shift and thick film resistance change of the selected sensor. The analytical results are compared with the simulated results.
Scintillation Effects of Ka-band Frequency on Satellite Application
Authors: Badron Khairayu , Mujei Aida Syafiqah , Rahim Nadirah Abdul , Ismail Ahmad Fadzil , Ahmad Yasser Asrul
Published: August 2022

The satellite communication system is currently congested because of the high demand for data transmission. The Ka-band is a greater range band that can help to solve the issue. However, Ka-band is severely impacted by scintillation at its high frequency. One of the transmitting impairments is scintillation, a sudden fluctuation in the amplitude of the signal and electromagnetic waves, that generates signal attenuation and degradation. In the presence of rain and even under clear skies, scintillation affects the output of Ka-Band. The scintillation prediction model has mostly been evaluated and applied in countries with four-season climates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Ka-band scintillation data and compare the findings with other existing scintillation models to validate the outcome. For data of one year (2016) at the Ka-Band frequency of 20.2 GHz, this research focused on analysing the tropospheric scintillation from the satellite data. The experimental data from MEASAT 5 were analysed to see the effect of tropospheric scintillation under clear-sky conditions using a dish antenna with a diameter of 7.3 metres and an elevation angle of 68.8°. The satellite signal measurement samples were gathered and filtered using MATLAB to provide clear-sky scintillation. Next, the obtained raw data was converted into readable data. The data was then plotted, and the experimental data was compared to the other models of scintillation. It was essential to evaluate the outcome of the comparison and address which model was most appropriate for tropical climates. Moreover, this project’s cutoff frequency was 0.023Hz, which was computed from the average cut-off frequencies of 12 months in 2016.
Numerical Investigation on Heat Sink Material for Temperature Control of Electronics
Authors: Durgam Shankar , Ghodake Bharati , Mohite Suhas
Published: August 2022

This article reports a numerical investigation on advanced heat sink material for thermal management of electronics. We investigated heat transfer enhancement using different heat sink materials. The cooling medium used for analysis is water. Forced water convection in copper alloy and aluminum alloy Al6060, Al6063 material micro-channel heat sinks cooling was studied numerically using Ansys Fluent. The heat sink is an essential element in a PC. The total efficiency, price, and size of the electronic device depend on the heat sink material. The heat transfer rate is a direct function of heat sink material. The simulation used three different velocities, 3, 5, and 7 m/s; the constant heat flux value taken is 8 × 105 W/m2. The parameters considered for heat sink material are thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, density, and cost. The ceramic materials have a low thermal expansion coefficient and higher thermal conductivity hence used as a substrate. Results show that aluminum alloys are suitable materials for heat sinks because of their cost, weight, and ease of machinability.
Damage Prediction of Pre-cracked High-Pressure Pipelines
Authors: Kundu B , Ghosh S , Ghosh D , Saha K , Chatterjee I , Ghosh S
Published: August 2022

Due to the increasing need to transport fluids, the use of industrial pipes and their sustainability is a crucial aspect to address. The motive of this work is to predict the behaviour of a pre-cracked pipeline under internal and external pressure using Finite element simulation. An intermediate range of pressure conditions has been selected to analyse the dispersal of normalized stress intensity factor along a semi elliptical crack front for a predefined crack geometry. This work also presents a comparative study of various piping material behaviour to address a relatively better choice for industrial use. Among the various alloys considered in the analysis Inconel 625 was found to be most appropriate for the pressure range.
Channels Selection for Pattern Recognition of Five Fingers Motor Imagery Electroencephalography Signals
Authors: Azizah R N , Zakaria H , Hermanto B R
Published: August 2022

Research about pattern recognition on electroencephalography (EEG) signal of finger motor imagery (MI) plays a critical role in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) based hand prosthetics development. However, the previous research still used irrelevant channels to finger MI. This work proposed optimal EEG channels combination for five-finger MI. It is achieved by subject-dependence channel selection using One versus Rest Common Spatial Pattern (CSP-OVR) combined with sequential searching algorithms due to specific neural activation areas of MI. Optimal channels combinations are of great importance to reduce channels number. It supports the development of practical BCI-based hand prosthetics that can help hand handicapped to do daily activities easier. Experimental results show 4 out of 19 channels are relevant to five-finger MI with 0,6% accuracy degradation compared with EEG-MI pattern recognition using 19 channels. This result is better than the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) channel selection method that only selects 11 out of 19 channels with 1 % accuracy degradation.
A Preliminary Analysis on RF Antenna Simulation comparison based on UHF and 5G for Energy Harvest Application
Authors: Affendi N. A. M. , Nasir N.N. , Ismail S.S.
Published: August 2022

The goal of this research is to look at the performance of RF antennas in the UHF and 5G frequencies for energy harvesting applications. Energy harvesting is the method of gathering and storing external sources in a wireless autonomous device. The focus of this simulation is on two design parameters for a meander dipole antenna that can be utilised for energy harvesting in the UHF and 5G bands. The antenna design is based on FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and thicknesses of 3.5 mm and 1.15 mm for the initial simulation. As a result, the CST Studio Suite Software was used to model the meander dipole type. To test performance, S11 passes below -25.79 dB for UHF and -25.7idB for 5G ranges are typically utilised. At these frequencies, the antenna bandwidths are 44.5 MHz and 450 MHz, respectively Finally, the developed Meander dipole antenna can be employed in RF energy harvesting applications, such as wireless sensor networks, by combining rectifier and matching circuits.
The performance of the Optimisation and Regenerative Braking systems by using PI controlling technique for Electric Vehicle (EV)
Authors: Rahmat A , Fahmi M I , Fang LH , Mustafa AA , Noh HMT , Saifizi M
Published: August 2022

Electric automobiles have lower fuel costs because electric motors are more efficient than internal combustion engines. These automobiles can only drive a certain distance because to insufficient batteries and the lack of charging stations. EVs, on the other hand, lack a short driving distance and require frequent charging and discharging of power batteries. EVs will benefit from the development of energy-saving technologies that will expand their reach and prevent battery damage caused by frequent charging and discharging. The goal is to improve the energy efficiency of braking system and its motor efficiency to generate current, as well as to improve regenerative braking (RB) efficiency in EV’s. Using a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor by adding an LC filter is the method that will be applied. A significant addition of current and less ripple and spike in the torque and a quick dynamic interference is the desired result. The performance of the system optimisation and RB circuit systems by using PI controlling technique. The output from torque produced by a 2200 Rpm is 3 Nm and demonstrates that the BLDC motor is efficient when driven by an LC filter circuit. Finally, using the Matlab/Simulink tool, this research presents a thorough simulation of a BLDC motor’s operation as a motor and a generator with RB to create more current in EVs.
Investigation of The Dynamic Deflection of Conveyor Belts Via Simulation Modelling Methods on Idler Factor
Authors: Munir Handy Ali , Zakaria Ammar , Ponniran Asmarashid , Rahman Md Tasyrif Abdul , Marimuthu Thenesh
Published: August 2022

Belt conveyor is today’s very important mechanism in material handling industries and is most commonly used to transport bulk materials such as grain, salt, coal and sand. Belt deflection indicates belt is loosening. It occurs between the idler roll sets due to the self-weight of the belt and the forces from the bulk material. This paper includes detailed analysis of the conveyor belt deflection under pragmatic load conditions. The aim of the project is to develop a Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation model for the deflection analysis of a conveyor belt using load data for bulk material calculated by a coupled Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulation. The scope of this project is on idler roll aspects. Two types of three-trough idlers were used in this project which were made of steel and plastic respectively. A variety of idler spacing were used to determine the most efficient configuration for the belt. This paper will explain the FEM procedures for the modelling of the belt behavior and the working principle of a coupled FEM-DEM analysis. Experimental results were presented and compared based on parameters. Comparisons showed plastic idler-rollers with smaller gap is better than the rest and it could be optimized to improve the performance and efficiency.
Characterization of Photovoltaic Module Under Random Partial Shading Conditions
Authors: Rahman Norjasmi Abdul , Tajuddin Muhammad Faridun Naim , Mukhtar Nurhakimah Muhd , Aihsan Muhammad Zaid
Published: August 2022

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been gaining the pace in energy market for the past decade. Reducing capital costs and government incentives are among other factors that drive the PV forward. PV massively depends on the sunlight that falls onto its surface to generate electricity. However, partial shading events are a common nemesis to the PV systems. It happened when some part of the PV panel’s surface did not receive the maximum light energy. It can be caused by passing clouds, nearby trees or poles, leaves, bird dropping, etc. The harvested power drops during this event, hence the overall system’s efficiency is also affected. This paper investigates the characteristic of the single panel system during various partial shading conditions. The identification of the maximum power point (MPP) location and the intensity of the event to occur at the region on the P-V plane is given priority in this study. All in all, this study aims to provide useful information for considerations in the process of designing the converters.
Design and Simulation of Compact MIMO Antenna for the 5G Communication in C-Band
Authors: Ashar Dhyey , yadav Ajay Kumar Singh , Sharma Mamta
Published: August 2022

This paper presents CPW fed 4 × 4 configurations “Multiple Input Multiple Output” (MIMO) antenna is proposed for 5th Generation New Radio (NR) Sub-6 GHz band. The antenna consists of four hexagonal-shaped antenna elements with an overall area of 61 × 61 × 1.6 mm3. The pattern diversity of the proposed MIMO is obtained by embedding an H-shaped stub in the ground plane and an I-shaped stub is integrated with the ground plane to obtain high isolation (<20 dB). The value of ECC for the proposed four-port antenna is less than 0.002. The proposed antenna covers the frequency band from 3.6 to 3.8 GHz (5G n78 band) effectively. The result guarantees the excellent diversity performance of the proposed four-port antenna. The performance of this antenna is examined in terms of port separations, DG, ECC, mean effective gain, CCL.
Single and Multiface Detection and Recognition System
Authors: Ariff F N M , Jaafar H , Jusoh S N H , Haris N A F
Published: August 2022

Face detection has drawn the interest of numerous research groups because to its vast application in various domains such as surveillance and security systems, as human-computer interaction, and many more. Face identification is the important phase involving several factors such as lighting, facial expression, and ageing effects. It’s more tough as detection takes a lot of time to detect and distinguish a single face at a time. Moreover, most of the existing technology cannot accurately detect many faces simultaneously. This study therefore presents a system that can recognize and identify multiple face image simultaneously with various expressions. Face-recognition procedure consists of data gathering, face detection, extraction, and classification feature. The face dataset is obtained from 10 participants with varied backgrounds and expressions. Subsequently, the viola-jones technique together with threshold technique is utilized in face detection to detect face presents while removing the unnecessary background to reduce face recognition time processing further. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is then employed to extract features while maintaining as much information as possible from enormous image data set. After formulating each face’s representation, the classification process is considered to recognize the identities of users’ faces. Here, a non-parametric classifier i.e. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is applied in this process. Conclusively, the system is able to detect around 90 percent multi-face user in different conditions.
Different Composition Ratio of ZnO/CuO Nanocomposite Thin Film using Sol-gel Spin Coating Technique
Authors: Sobihana Shariffudin Shafinaz , Visuvanathan Nor Fadzleen Qistina Mohd Fahmi , Azahar Najwa Ezira Ahmed , Saad Puteri Sarah Mohamad , Hashim Hashimah , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz
Published: August 2022

ZnO/CuO nanocomposite thin films were deposited at different ratio, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10 using sol – gel spin coating technique on glass substrates. The thin films were annealed at 500°C for 1 hour at room ambient after the deposition process. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the thin films were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and 2-point probe I-V measurement system. The FESEM results showed the formation of ZnO/CuO nanoparticles shape, with the average particle size for each sample decreased with increased of ZnO ratio. The average transmittance of the thin films increased with increase of ZnO ratio, with the highest transmittance showed by 90:10 thin film with a value of 82.95%. Bandgap of the thin films were calculated and obtained using Tauc’s plot and were found between 3.29 to 3.90 eV. I-V characteristic showed that the highest current reading is at 50:50 ratio. The highest conductivity was achieved by 70:30 thin film with a value of 0.396 x 10-3 S/cm.
The investigation of dynamic heterogeneity in lead silicate liquid via molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Dung Tran Thanh , Dung MaiVan , Quynh Truong Đuc , Yen Nguyen Van , Vinh Le The
Published: August 2022

The structure and dynamics of liquid lead silicate with a wide range of PbO ratio are done by molecular dynamics methods. The simulated result shows that the pair radial distribution functions (PRDFs) are in good agreement with the results of previous studies. Our calculated data indicates that the system exists regions of fast and slow atoms determined via the mean square displacement (MSD) in the same interval. The exhibition of dynamical heterogeneity (DH) is also found in this paper.
Implementation of Optimized Low Pass Filter for ECG filtering using Verilog
Authors: Samsudin Nooraisyah N , Isaak Dr Suhaila , Paraman Dr Norlina
Published: August 2022

Electrocardiogram is a standard method used for the diagnosis of heart related disease. QRS complex plays an important role in Electrocardiogram signal processing since it is the prominent feature of Electrocardiogram signal. One of the important modules in the QRS detection algorithm is filtering. Electrocardiogram signal is processed to filter out unwanted signal through digital filtering. The main objective of this paper is to compare the resource utilization of hardware realization consumed between Direct Form I structure and Direct Form II structure. In this work, Infinite Impulse Response low pass filter to remove high frequency noise is designed with a passband frequency and stopband frequency of 5 and 25 Hz respectively. The designed filter is verified using Matlab Filter Design Analysis tool and realized in hardware using Verilog. Both the results show that the unwanted signals in the raw ECG signal are attenuated through the designed filter. The resource utilization result shows improvement with optimized Direct Form II implementation. The amount of look up tables, flip flop and digital signal processing used with Direct Form II structure shows a reduction to 0.26%, 0.12% and 2.50% respectively compared to 1.17%, 0.20%, 2.92% of utilization with Direct Form I structure.