bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Pain and Functional Outcomes of Percutaneous Stabilization of Metastatic Pelvic Lesions via Photodynamic Nails
Authors: Lozano-Calderon Santiago A. , Clunk Marilee J. , Gonzalez Marcos R. , Sodhi Alisha , Krueger Ryan K. , Gruender Allison C. , Greenberg David D.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Minimally invasive surgical interventions for metastatic invasion of the pelvis have become more prevalent and varied. Our group hypothesized that the use of percutaneous photodynamic nails (PDNs) would result in decreased pain, improved functional outcomes and level of ambulation, and decreased use of opioid pain medication.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with metastatic pelvic bone disease undergoing stabilization with PDNs (IlluminOss Medical) at 2 institutions. Functional outcome measures assessed include the Combined Pain and Ambulatory Function (CPAF), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function, and PROMIS Global Health-Physical. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year following surgery.

Results:

A total of 39 patients treated with PDNs were included. No cases of surgical site infection or implant failure were identified. The median pain VAS score decreased from 8 preoperatively to 0 at the 6-week time point (p < 0.0001). The median CPAF score improved from 5.5 points preoperatively to 7 points at the 3-month mark (p = 0.0132). A significant improvement in physical function was seen at 6 months in the PROMIS Physical Function (p = 0.02) and at both 6 months (p = 0.01) and 1 year (p < 0.01) for the PROMIS Global Health-Physical. The rate of patients prescribed opioid analgesia dropped from 100% preoperatively to 20% at 6 months following surgery (p < 0.001). By 6 weeks, all patients were fully weight-bearing and able to walk independently with or without assistive devices.

Conclusions:

Percutaneous stabilization of metastatic periacetabular defects using PDNs is a safe and effective palliative procedure that has been shown to improve patient mobility and provide early pain relief.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Re−Os Isotope and PGE Abundance Systematics of Coast Range Ophiolite Peridotites and Chromitite, California: Insights into Fore-Arc Magmatic Processes
Authors: Choi Sung Hi , Mukasa Samuel B. , Shervais John W. , Puchtel Igor S.
Published: July 2024

We report platinum-group element (PGE) and Re concentrations, and Re−Os isotopic data for peridotites and podiform chromitite from the mid-Jurassic Coast Range ophiolite (CRO), California. Our aim is to provide insights into the formation and evolution of the CRO in a fore-arc tectonic setting. The CRO peridotites are divided into two groups: abyssal and supra-subduction zone (SSZ). They have Ir-group PGE concentrations similar to estimates for the primitive mantle and nearly chondritic relative abundances [(Os/Ir)N ≈ 1.1]. Abyssal-type peridotites have slightly subchondritic Pd-group PGE (PPGE)−Re abundances and flat chondrite-normalized patterns, whereas the SSZ-type ones are depleted overall with highly fractionated PPGE−Re patterns. The CRO peridotites have 187Os/188Os values of 0.1188 to 0.1315 (γOs = −8.3 to 1.4) and 187Re/188Os ranging from 0.022 to 0.413. The oxygen fugacity based on the V/Yb ratios of the CRO peridotites is equivalent to the fayalite−magnetite−quartz buffer. The abyssal-type peridotites are residues after ≤5% melting of the primitive upper mantle and represent a remnant of oceanic lithosphere trapped in an SSZ setting but before it was re-melted or modified by subduction processes. The abyssal-type peridotites yield an aluminachron model age of ~1.5 Ga, implying that the CRO mantle had experienced episode(s) of melt extraction before the CRO crust was formed. The SSZ-type peridotites are refractory residues after ~5% to 15% melting. Extraction of fore-arc basalts generated mainly by decompression melting resulted in the SSZ-type peridotites. The chromitite has 187Os/188Os value of 0.1250 (γOs = −3.5) and PGE−Re patterns complementary to that of boninite, indicating a genetic link to fore-arc magmatism.
An Unusual Manifestation of Infective Endocarditis in an Elderly Female: Salmonella Typhi Endocarditis
Authors: Koduri Amukthamalyada , Kakumani Jagadeswar , Bathena Arun Kumar , S Magesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

Infective endocarditis (IE) poses a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse clinical presentations. We present a case of a 82 year-old female with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension who presented with fever, fatigue, and intermittent confusion. Blood cultures revealed Salmonella Typhi, a rare etiology of IE. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated vegetations on the aortic valve. Despite prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, the patient deteriorated rapidly. But encountering all the challenges and in view of high surgical risk, patient was managed conservatively and showed gradual clinical improvement. This case report describes a rare and atypical presentation of infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Salmonella Typhi in an elderly female. The case underscores the importance of considering uncommon pathogens in the diagnostic evaluation of endocarditis, particularly when facing clinical challenges. Early recognition and aggressive management are crucial for improving outcomes in such cases.
Prevalence and correlates of anxiety symptoms in first-episode and untreated major depressive disorder patients with comorbid suicide attempts at different age of onset in a Chinese Han population: a large cross-sectional study
Authors: shi lei , lan hanju , yang zhaokui , zhang xiang-yang
Published: July 2024

Background
Patients with suicide attempts(SA) are at increased risk of developing anxiety symptoms, especially those with major depressive disorder (MDD). Few studies have investigated the independent effects of anxiety symptoms on comorbid suicide attempts in patients with MDD. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and associated variables in first episode and untreated (FEUT) MDD patients with comorbid suicide attempts at different ages of onset.
Methods
We recruited 1718 patients with FEUT MDD in this study. We collected demographical and clinical data, and measured lipid, thyroid function, and blood glucose levels. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale were used to assess depression, anxiety, illness severity, and psychotic symptoms, respectively.
Results
The prevalence of suicide attempts among MDD patients was 20.1% (346/1718). Among MDD patients with suicide attempts(MDD-SA), the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 31.4% (75/239) in those with early adult onset and 40.2% (43/107) in those with mid-adult onset. Independent factors associated with anxiety symptoms in early adult onset MDD-SA patients were as follows: marital status (B=0.966, P<0.05, OR=2.629), HAMD score (B=0.213, P<0.05, OR=1.238), and positive subscale score (B=0.201, P<0.01, OR=1.223). Independent factors associated with anxiety symptoms in mid-adult onset MDD-SA patients were as follows: HAMD score (B=0.374, P<0.01, OR=1.454), and positive subscale score (B=0.142, P<0.01, OR=1.153).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that MDD-SA patients are at higher risk for anxiety symptoms. In MDD-SA patients, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was similar in the early and mid-adult onset subgroups, but the factors associated with anxiety symptoms differed in these two subgroups.
War-related continuous traumatic stress as a potential mediator of associations between moral distress and professional quality of life in nurses: a cross-sectional study in Ukraine
Authors: Zasiekina Larysa , Martyniuk Anastasiia
Published: July 2024

Background. At the beginning of 2022, Central Europe entered a state of emergency due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Nurses were particularly vulnerable to a decline in their professional quality of life, facing repeated exposure to military trauma, ethical dilemmas, prolonged working hours, and increased stress and fatigue. This study aimed to contribute to our understanding of the potential mediating effect of war-related continuous traumatic stress on the association between moral distress and professional quality of life, including compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, represented by burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Methods. This study used the Professional of Life Scale (ProQOL) to assess compassion fatigue, including burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction; the Moral Distress Questionnaire for Nurses to examine everyday moral distress in healthcare facilities and everyday ethical dilemmas of nurses; and the Continuous Traumatic Stress Response Scale (CTSR) to assess ongoing threats, resulting in exhaustion/detachment, rage/betrayal, and fear/helplessness. The sample consisted of 130 female nurses (mean age 40.20 ± 12.15 years) from surgical departments who had been undergoing advanced training to work with injured military personnel at the Volyn Medical Institute (Ukraine) from March to May 2023. All nurses had experienced direct and indirect exposure to military trauma, and 105 participants were working with injured military personnel. Results. Nurse moral distress did not differ according to demographic variables, particularly marital status, degree of nursing, or combatant care. Moral distress and age, moral distress and job experience were not found to be correlated. The results of the mediation analysis indicated that war-related continuous traumatic stress fully mediated the relationship between moral distress and different components of professional quality of life, namely, compassion fatigue, including burnout and secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction. Conclusion. Research has shown that continuous traumatic stress has a significant effect on the relationship between moral distress and various aspects of professional quality of life, underscoring the need for targeted interventions for nurses facing war-related trauma.
Reduced contrast agent volume using a heart-rate dependent and free-breathing scanning protocol in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Wang Zengkun , Chen Guoyue , Jing Lihua , Song Dewei , Xu Xiaodie , Chu Chu , Zhang Shuning , Chai Huijing , Yu Hairong , Luan Xiaomei , Song Peiji
Published: July 2024

Background
The personalized, free-breathing, heart rate-dependent computed tomography angiography (CTA) protocol can significantly reduce the utilization of contrast medium (CM). This proves especially beneficial for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing coronary artery CTA examinations.
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a personalized CT scanning protocol that was tailored to patients’ heart rate and free-breathing for coronary CTA of patients with COPD.
Methods
A total of 400 patients with COPD who need to undergo the coronary CTA were prospectively randomized into two groups (patients with vascular occlusion were excluded). Group A (n = 200) underwent CTA following a traditional protocol (70mL). The timing of the scans in Group B (n = 200) was determined according to the patient’s HR and free-breathing (30mL).
Results
No difference was found between the two groups in the CT values of RCA, LA, or LCX; (p = 0.131, 0.195 and 0.116). Subjective ratings of image quality (Table 2) were not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.825).
Conclusion
By adopting a heart-rate dependent and free-breathing protocol, the contrast medium volume were reduced in coronary CTA for patients with COPD, while the image quality was remained comparable to those acquired with routine CTA protocol.
A self-controlled trial comparing remimazolam to propofol for sedation in cervical cancer patients during interstitial brachytherapy
Authors: Shu Jinjun , Sun Jiaxin , Wang Huaiming , Gu Qian , Yang Handan , Zhang Aimin , Zhu Shuyin , Zhang Hongwei , Zou Jiang , zeng deling
Published: July 2024

Background
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of remimazolam and propofol when administered to the same patient.
Methods
Employing a self-controlled trial design, this study evaluated the effects of various sedative regimens on patients with cervical cancer undergoing interstitial brachytherapy. A total of 32 patients were included in the study. Following the administration of sufentanil 0.1 µg/kg, each patient were randomly assigned to one of three sedative regimens: propofol 1.5mg/kg (P), remimazolam 0.3mg/kg (R1), or remimazolam 0.2mg/kg (R2). The depth of anesthesia was monitored using the Narcotrend, and the operation commenced when the Narcotrend index (NI) dropped to 64 or the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (MOAA/S)reached ≤ 2. The study noted the success rate of initial sedation, onset time, and maintenance time of sedation during interstitial brachytherapy. Adverse events such as hypoxemia, hypotension, and injection pain were also recorded. Additionally, the total dosage of remimazolam was documented.
Results
The success rate of initial sedation with R2 was notably lower than with P and R1 (p < 0.001). R1 had a significantly longer onset time and a notably shorter maintenance time of sedation compared with P (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the total dosage of remimazolam administered and operation duration during sedation with R1 and R2 (p > 0.05). Remimazolam led to a significant reduction in the incidence of hypoxemia, hypotension, and injection pain (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The combination of remimazolam 0.3mg/kg with sufentanil exhibited an improved sedative effect in cervical cancer patients undergoing interstitial brachytherapy. It had minimal effects on respiration and circulation, establishing it as a safe option for this procedure.
Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200065938, 11/18/2022).
Situs inversus totalis with single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt and azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava in a dog: a case report
Authors: Takeuchi Ryo , Ishigaki Kumiko , Kuramoto Hiromichi , Fujimoto Teppei , Sakamoto Yumi , Sakai Manabu , Asano Kazushi
Published: July 2024

Background
The normal visceral arrangement is called situs solitus, whereas the state of the visceral arrangement in a mirror-like positional relationship is called situs inversus. Among the SI, the state in which the positions of only some thoracoabdominal organs are reversed is called situs inversus partialis, and the state in which the positions of all thoracoabdominal organs are reversed is called situs inversus totalis (SIT). Clinical information on dogs with SIT is limited.
Case presentation
A 4-month-old Shiba dog was referred with depression and neurological symptoms as the chief complaints. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the patient had SIT with an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) and azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava. In addition, complete reversal of the lung lobes and cardiovascular system in the thoracic cavity was confirmed. The patient underwent surgery for partial attenuation of EHPSS on day 8 after the initial examination. On day 124, after the initial examination, a second surgery was performed for complete attenuation. Under celiotomy, the positions of all abdominal organs, except for the rectum, were inverted; thus, SIT was confirmed via gross observation. In addition, the braided nylon sutures partially attenuated the concurrent splenocaval shunt. At the conclusion of this study, approximately 6 years had passed since the second surgery, and the patient had a good general condition without any medications.
Conclusion
In SIT, the complex anatomy of the abdominal organs and vessels is difficult to identify via gross observation; in contrast, CT is effective for detecting vascular abnormalities, confirming the anatomical position of each organ, and it allows for the definitive diagnosis of SIT.
Impact of Value-Based Care on Quality of Life, Clinical Outcomes, Patient Satisfaction, and Enhanced Financial Protection among Hypertensive Patients inGhana: A Protocol for a Mixed Method Evaluation, 2024
Authors: Dwomoh Duah , Sunkwa-Mills Gifty , Antwi Kwasi , Antwi Maxwell , de Wit Tobias F. Rinke
Published: July 2024

Background
Hypertension remains a major public health concern in low and middle-income countries as most hypertensive patients are not adequately treated, and improper lifestyle modification and expensive and inadequate antihypertensive medications are among the few of the challenges that hinder effective hypertension management. Evidence on which hypertensive intervention is cost-effective is essential to inform strategy, policy development, practice, implementation, and resource allocation. Value-Based Care (VBC) is a healthcare delivery model that emphasizes improving patient outcomes while optimizing costs. It shifts the focus from the volume of services provided to the value delivered to patients. We hypothesize that innovative digital VBC intervention would be more cost-effective compared to standard care among individuals with poorly controlled hypertension.
Methods
This study in Ghana will employ a mixed-methods evaluation design, a comprehensive and thorough approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative component will involve a quasi-experimental study to measure the impact of the VBC intervention on quality of life, improved clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and enhanced financial protection among hypertensive patients registered with the National Health Insurance Authority. We will use a difference-in-difference analytic approach and a generalized estimation equation model with cluster-robust standard errors to quantify the impact of VBC, accounting for potential confounding variables. The qualitative component will involve in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to gather insights into the experiences and perceptions of the patients, caregivers, and policymakers involved in the VBC intervention and the benefits, barriers, costs of treatment, and challenges associated with the VBC intervention. We aim to provide evidence that can significantly impact hypertension service delivery in Ghana, potentially leading to more cost-effective care for hypertensive patients.
Discussions
Despite the availability of safe treatment options for hypertension, most people with hypertension in LMICs do not have it controlled. There is currently a paucity of knowledge about the cost-effectiveness of VBC interventions in developing countries. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap and pave the way for more cost-effective hypertension treatment worldwide. The digital Ghana VBC intervention described in this paper is a pioneering approach to achieving safer, more consistent, and cost-effective care for hypertensive patients.
H, 15 N and 13 C resonance assignments of S2A and H64A double mutant of human carbonic anhydrase II
Authors: # Neelam , Bopardikar Mandar , Singh Himanshu
Published: July 2024

Protein-water interactions profoundly influence protein structure and dynamics. Consequently, the function of many biomacromolecules is directly related to the presence and exchange of water molecules. While structural water molecules can be readily identified through X-ray crystallography, the dynamics within functional protein-water networks remain largely elusive. Therefore, to understand the role of biological water in protein dynamics and function, we have introduced S2A and H64A mutations in human Carbonic Anhydrase II (hCAII), a model system to study protein-water interactions. The mutations of serine to alanine at position 2 and histidine to alanine at position 64 cause increase in hydrophobicity in N-terminus and active site loop thereby restricting water entry and disrupting the water network in the Zn2+-binding pocket. To pave the way for a detailed investigation into the structural, functional, and mechanistic aspects of the Ser2Ala/His64Ala double mutant of hCAII, we present here almost complete sequence-specific resonance assignments for 1H, 15N, and 13C. These assignments serve as the basis for comprehensive studies on the dynamics of the protein-water network within the Zn2+-binding pocket and its role in catalysis.
A generative adversarial network algorithm for inferring age attributes in subway based on AFC and POI data
Authors: Xu Xinyue , Zhang Anzhong , Liu Jun , Wu Yuankai , Qin Linqiao , Ye Ziyang , Xu WenWen
Published: July 2024

Understanding the socioeconomic characteristics of passengers is crucial for intelligent services for subway systems. Nevertheless, obtaining such information poses challenges, especially sensitive attributes such as age, due to heightened considerations for data privacy. To address this challenge, we explore the correlation between travel features and age from both macro and micro perspectives and propose an improved Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for age inference in subway contexts. In the macro level, we extract statistical features from Automatic Fare Collection data and novel features from Points of Interest data. The novel features allow us to examine the relationship between built environment and age. In the micro level, we introduce a comprehensive travel chain, considering the dynamic evolution of passenger trips during multiple days. To address the sample imbalance across age groups, we propose an improved GAN-based framework to infer the age attribute. Our framework incorporates Inner Product to capture interdependency among macro features and employs a Transformer-based module to extract sequential and spatiotemporal features within micro-level travel chains. Finally, the framework is validated using a case study of Guangzhou subway. The results indicate the superiority of our model over baseline approaches like Random Forest, Bayesian Networks, and Variational Autoencoders, showcasing accuracy improvements of 17.75%, 20.29%, and 16.10%, respectively. The use of Inner Product and Transformer-based modules enhances the predictive accuracy of the model. The utilization of travel chains proves to be effective in capturing travel features and improves the model’s accuracy in age inference. Furthermore, we delve into potential applications.
The impact of a major hurricane on sediment geochemistry of a shallow subtropical estuary through strong resuspension
Authors: Xue Jianhong , Wang Zucheng , Lin Xianbiao , Lu Kaijun , Douglas Sarah , Hardison Amber , Liu Zhanfei
Published: July 2024

Major hurricanes can greatly affect sediment biogeochemical processes in coastal bays and estuaries through strong storm surges and resuspension, yet the impacts on sediment geochemistry have rarely been evaluated. Here the sediment geochemistry of the Mission Aransas Estuary, Texas, was systematically evaluated prior to and after Hurricane Harvey, a Category 4 storm. The median grain size of the surface sediments in the estuary significantly increased, but the bulk sediment total organic carbon content (TOC%) remained relatively constant. The concentration and composition of several organic chemical classes in the sediment were altered in distinctly different patterns. Accessory pigments showed that cyanobacterial materials in surface sediments increased immediately after Harvey, but returned to pre-Harvey levels five months post-hurricane. Pheophorbide decreased significantly after Harvey, but also recovered within seven months, suggesting resilience of the benthic community. In contrast, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes decreased (5-10-fold) five months after Hurricane Harvey and remained low one year later. The loss of PAHs and n-alkanes from the sediment might be related to increased solubility due to decreased salinity and strong resuspension during the storm surge. Overall, the strong storm surge and resuspension of sediment by Hurricane Harvey presented a major disturbance to the geochemistry of surface sediment in the MAE, but the impact on individual organic chemical classes depended on their sources, chemical properties, and/or association with fine clay minerals.
Recovering populations of the southern sea otters suppress a global marine invader
Authors: Jeppesen Rikke , de Rivera Catherine E. , Grosholz Edwin D. , Tinker M. Tim , Hughes Brent B. , Eby Ron , Wasson Kerstin
Published: July 2024

Understanding the role of apex predators on ecosystems is essential for designing effective conservation strategies. Supporting recovery of apex predators can have many benefits; one that has been rarely examined is control of invasive prey. We investigated whether a recovering apex predator, the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), can exert local control over a global marine invader, the green crab (Carcinus maenas). We determined that southern sea otters in Elkhorn Slough estuary in California can consume large numbers of invasive green crabs and found strong negative relationships in space and time between otter and green crab abundance. Green crabs persisted at highest abundance in this estuary at sites with artificial tidal restriction that were not accessible to otters. Green crab abundance remained lower in this estuary than in all other estuaries in the region, which lack resident sea otters. Conservation organizations and agencies have invested heavily in recovery of southern sea otters, increasing their numbers in this estuary. Restoration of natural tidal exchange and lost marshes and seagrass beds further supports their populations. We have demonstrated that these investments in top predator recovery and habitat restoration have reduced the impacts of a global invader. Our investigation highlights that investment in recovery of top predators can increase beneficial food web interactions and resilience of the entire ecosystem.
Developing Accurate Predictive Models for Phase Angle Estimation in Adult Individuals of Southern Cuba Region using Classification and Regression Learner Methods from Bioimpedance Measurements
Authors: Bello Jose Luis García , Luna Taira Batista , Lafargue Alcibíades Lara , Ciria Héctor Manuel Camué , Zulueta Yohandys A.
Published: July 2024

Objective: The combined use of bioimpedance and machine learning is essential for accurately estimating the health status of individuals. This work is aimed to develop a machine learning predictions of phase angle derived from bioimpedance measurements of adult-healthy volunteers from Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
Methods: We conducted a pilot study in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba with a total of 2848 volunteers between the ages of 19 and 96. The study included individuals with asthma, diabetics, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and with no apparent illness. Bioimpedance parameters were measured using a standard tetrapolar whole-body configuration. A classification and regression model was used to predict the phase angle.
Results: The classification model identified relevant bioparameters for predicting the phase angle. Total body water showed the greatest importance at approximately 94%, followed by the corrected capacitance at ~18% and the basal energy costs at ~17%. The predicted phase angle values were consistent with previous reports of other pathologies, where higher phase angle values indicate better health and men have higher values than women. The model suggests that Xc, TBWkolt, and GBE can be used as alternative indicators for estimating health status. Furthermore, a previously unreported relationship between the metabolic basal index and phase angle was proposed with possible implications for health status.
Conclusion: The classification, phase angle and body mass index predictive models are of the great importance to assist the exploration of partial heath status with great accuracy. The results reveal that the predictor models can be used for estimating the phase angle and intrinsically the health status of adult patients with helpful diagnosis assistance in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
Detoxification of hydrogen sulfide by synthetic heme-model compounds
Authors: Nakagami Atsuki , Mao Qiyue , Horitani Masaki , Kodera Masahito , Kitagishi Hiroaki
Published: July 2024

Hydrogen sulfide is a lethal toxic gas that disrupts cellular respiration in the mitochondrial system. Currently, no antidote is available for the clinical treatment of hydrogen sulfide poisoning. In this study, we investigated the function of iron(III)porphyrin complexes as hydrogen sulfide scavengers in water and evaluated their potential use as therapeutic agents for hydrogen sulfide poisoning. The compounds, named met-hemoCD-P and met-hemoCD-I, are composed of iron(III)porphyrin complexed with per-methylated b-cyclodextrin dimers that contain a pyridine (met-hemoCD-P) or imidazole axial fifth ligand that is coordinated to Fe(III) (met-hemoCD-I). These compounds formed stable HS–Fe(III) complexes under physiological conditions, with binding constants of 1.2 x 105 and 2.5 x 106 M–1 for met-hemoCD-P and met-hemoCD-I, respectively. The binding constant of met-hemoCD-I was much greater than those reported for native met-hemoglobin and met-myoglobin. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and H2S quantification assays revealed that after SH– was coordinated to met-hemoCD-I, it was efficiently converted to nontoxic sulfite and sulfate ions via homolytic cleavage of the HS–Fe(III) bond followed by aerobic oxidation. Mouse animal experiments revealed that the survival rate was significantly improved when NaSH-treated mice were injected with met-hemoCD-I. After the injection, mitochondrial CcO function in brain and heart tissues recovered, and met-hemoCD-I injected was excreted in the urine without chemical decomposition.
Unveiling Spatial Patterns and Trajectories of Shrub Dynamics in Mediterranean Alpine Ecosystems
Authors: Toma Andrea , Malavasi Marco , Marzialetti Flavio , Cutini Maurizio
Published: July 2024

Shrub encroachment in alpine and subalpine environments has raised concerns in recent decades, particularly due to climate change and shifts in land use. This study investigates the varying impacts of shrub invasion on different alpine and subalpine herbaceous communities and analyzes the spatial characteristics of shrub invasion. Three sites in the central Italian Apennines were examined by comparing vegetation maps from 1954 and 2016, alongside environmental variables such as slope, roughness, elevation, and soil fertility. The findings indicate that alpine shrub vegetation more successfully invades open herbaceous communities compared to closed grasslands with nutrient-rich soils, which are more resistant to shrub invasion. The invasion process predominantly involves the expansion of existing shrub patches, gradually overtaking grasslands. This selective pattern of shrub invasion highlights the significance of varying competition dynamics in changing high-elevation ecosystems globally.
Quantitative efficiency of optoacoustic ultrasonic treatment in SLM, DED, and LBW applications
Authors: Lomaev Stepan L. , Fattalova Dinara R. , Gordeev Georgii G. , Timirgazin Marat A. , Krivilyov Mikhail D.
Published: July 2024

Ultrasound can improve the quality of finished products by reducing porosity and enhancing microstructure in selective laser melting, directed energy deposition and laser beam welding. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ultrasound produced by a pulsed laser via the optoacoustic effect. A quantitative model of collapse of vapor-gas bubbles has been developed under conditions of ultrasonic treatment at near resonance frequencies. Based on simulation results, the phenomenological expressions are suggested to determine the optimal operating frequency and power for the pulsed laser to alter the microstructure and porosity effectively via cavitation. The analysis is performed for the 316L stainless steel and titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy which are common in additive manufacturing.
Postnatal perineal pain after vaginal delivery in comprehensive and specialised hospitals in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, April to June, 2023
Authors: Yimam Hassen Ahmed , Melkie Tadesse Belayneh , Agengehu Abatneh Feleke , Ashagrie Henos
Published: July 2024

Background: Millions of women suffer from perineal trauma during childbirth which is the most common cause of postnatal compliant that lasts for hours, days, weeks, or even months. It is the most common source of postnatal morbidity.
Hypothesis: There is not clinically significant postnatal perineal pain after vaginal deliveries
Objective:The objective of this study was to determine postnatal perineal pain and associated factors among women who had vaginal deliveries.
Methods: A multicentre prospective follow-up study was conducted, including a total of 374 women who delivered vaginally at comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, from April 1 to June 30, 2023. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the samples. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to determine the incidence of moderate to severe perineal pain, and the association was presented as an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. All p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The final data analysis includes 356 women out of 374 with a 95% response rate. The incidence of moderate to severe pain was 213 (59.8%) [95%, CI =54.8-65.4], 126 (35.4%) [95%, CI =30.6-39.9], and 30 (8.4%) [95%, CI =5.6-11.8] at days one, three and seven respectively. On postnatal day one, higher level of education [AOR =3.62, 95%, CI (0.99-13.08)], primiparity [AOR =3.22, 95%, CI=1.91-5.42)], episiotomy [AOR =11.90, 95%, CI=5.98-23.75)], and instrumental delivery [AOR =4.54, 95%, CI=1.593-12.91)] were significantly associated with postnatal perineal pain. On the 3rd postnatal day, primiparous [AOR =2.66, 95 %, CI=1.57-4.50)], first degree tear [AOR =7.98,95%,CI=3.06-20.77)], 2nd degree tear [AOR =12.48,95%, CI=4.9031.79)], and 3rd to 4th degree tear [AOR =10.13,95%,CI=3.013-34.04)] were again significantly associated with postnatal perineal pain. On the seventh postnatal day, Episiotomy [AOR =9.76, 95%, CI=2.19-43.54)], 2nd degree tear [AOR =5.51, 95%, CI=1.024-29.618)], and 3rd -4th degree tear [AOR =8.75,95%, CI=1.325-7.822)] were also had a significant association with postnatal perineal pain..
Conclusion: The incidence of moderate to severe postnatal perineal pain remains high. Based on this result, we recommend health care providers consider and act accordingly to prevent and treat postnatal perineal pain.
Current Status and Evolutionary Patterns of Heavy Metal Environmental Capacity in the Baerdawu Region of the Tibetan Plateau: Based on High-Density Data
Authors: Chen Yueyue , Yang Yingchun , Liu Chunyan , Niu Yao , Ma Ying , Wei Youning , Luo Jie , Feng Siyao
Published: July 2024

The Tibetan Plateau, which is called the “Third Pole” and the “Roof of the World,” exhibits a simplistic and clear human footprint due to its unique environmental conditions, primarily influenced by a singular human activity, grazing. Consequently, conducting environmental carrying capacity assessments in this area yield more accurate results. This study focused on the Baerdawu region of the Tibetan Plateau, where the background values of regional soil were calculated based on 7373 surface soil samples. Utilizing material balance linear modeling and the environmental comprehensive index method,a comprehensive soil environmental capacity (SEC) for heavy metals and health risks in the soil was determined. The SEC of the static ranking within the study area was as follows: Zn, Pb, As, U, Hg, La, and Zr. The high-value zones of these elements largely range from the northwest and northeast of the analyzed area, whereas the low-value zones are primarily located in the central and southwest areas. Significance analysis of different geological settings, land-use types, and soil types revealed that the geological background had the greatest influence on SEC, indicating that most elements are controlled by geological sources. Additionally, the residual capacity of most elements was significantly affected by soil type, with the impact being most pronounced in alpine desertified grassland soils, indicating severe disturbances from grazing in the research area. The Baerdawu region’s composite SEC index was 1.17, indicating a high environmental capacity and no health risks. By exploring the characteristics of SEC in the Baerdawu area, this study offers a scientific foundation for formulating policies for soil management. The results of this study can be applied to soil environmental protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and similar regions.
Enhanced Raccoon Optimization Algorithm for PMSM Electrical Parameter Identification
Authors: Hu Zhihong , Zhan Jihao , Li Zelan , Hou Xiangqing , Fu Zhiang , Yang Xiaoliang
Published: July 2024

This article proposed an improved algorithm for the parameter identification of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs).An enhanced raccoon optimization algorithm (EROA) was formed by combining the raccoon optimization algorithm (ROA) with the adaptive exploration radius strategy, raccoon-washing-food-inspired strategy, and escaping-predator strategy.First, using some of the functions in IEEE CEC2015, the EROA solution has a large improvement in convergence speed and solution accuracy compared with other algorithms.Second, the EROA solution is more stable under the same conditions as demonstrated by MATLAB parameter identification simulation.Finally, EROA applies to motor parameter identification through motor control experiments.
Ovine Forestomach Matrix Implant for Surgical Management in Perianal Fistulas: A Retrospective Case-Series
Authors: Anandarajan Vinesh , Kumar Pranat , Wells Kathryn , Choi John
Published: July 2024

Background
Surgical management of perianal fistula (PF) is complicated by a high rate of recurrence and risk of damage to the sphincter complex. Advances in surgical techniques and the use of traditional and biologic fistula plugs have demonstrated recent success. However, the need for minimally invasive, cost-effective techniques capable of lower recurrence rates still exists. Ovine forestomach matrix (OFM) is a biologic graft capable of regenerating healthy native tissue and was used for the surgical management in PFs in this study.
Methods
This retrospective case-series analyzed data collected from 25 patients at a single site treated with OFM for various perianal fistula subtypes as a key component of the surgical treatment algorithm. The primary outcome was healing status at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included time to complete closure, recurrence at follow-up intervals, and post-operative complications.
Results
The most common PF subtype was a trans-sphincteric fistula (72%) and of primary and cryptoglandular origin. Mean PF depth was 3.3 ± 1.6 cm with a 76% incidence of healing at 12-weeks and a median time to closure of 4.5 weeks (IQR: 4.0, 6.0). At last follow-up, 21 of 25 PFs were completely healed (84%) with one recurrence at a median follow-up time of 25 weeks (IQR: 15.5, 29.5). Eighty percent of patients reported no pain at post-operative follow-up.
Conclusion
OFM was found to be a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective treatment for the surgical management of perianal fistula. At last follow-up, OFM achieved successful closure with no recurrences using a median single device implantation.
A Quantum Neural Network for Modeling of T Helper Cell Dynamics
Authors: Nguyen Phuong-Nam
Published: July 2024

Understanding the dynamics of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells is a key challenge in designing immunotherapy and has garnered significant interest over the past decade. Although quantum machine intelligence has emerged as a novel approach to dynamic modeling, it has yet to be applied to this specific biological problem. In this study, we introduce an architecture of Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) inspired by the biological mechanisms of T-cell differentiation. The findings show that the proposed model effectively captures Th1/Th2 dynamics and cytokine profiles across five case studies. Furthermore, additional insights from the model inference reveal T cell dominance patterns within patient groups and disease stratification.
Amplified warming in tropical and subtropical cities at 2 °C climate change
Authors: Berk Sarah , Joshi Manoj , Goodess Clare , Nowack Peer
Published: July 2024

Cities are often warmer than rural surroundings due to a phenomenon known as the urban heat island, which can be influenced by various factors, such as regional climate. Under climate change, cities face not only the challenge of increasing temperatures in their surrounding hinterland, but also the challenge of potential changes in their heat islands. Making projections of future climate at the city scale is difficult given limitations of Earth System Model (ESMs), which has limited studies to a small number of urban areas – mostly megacities. Here, we address these limitations by applying a novel process-based machine learning model to ESM outputs, to provide projections of changes in land surface temperature (LST) for 104 medium-sized cities (population 300K to 1M) in the subtropics and tropics. Under a 2°C global warming scenario, annual mean LST in 81% of these cities is projected to increase faster than the surrounding area. In 16% of these cities, mostly in India and China, mean LST is projected to increase by an additional 50–112% above ESM projections of the surrounding area. These findings suggest that the potential impacts of climate change are underestimated at present for millions of people in cities.
Viral enteritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pathogens, clinical characteristics, and outcomes
Authors: Pei Xuying , Sun Hailu , Mo Xiao-Dong , Zhao Xiao-Su , zhao Xiangyu , Wei Fang-Fang , Lv Meng , Sun Yuqian , Xu Lan-Ping , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao-hui , Huang XiaoJun
Published: July 2024

Viral enteritis is a frequent complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, data on this condition are limited, and the most frequent enteric pathogens, clinical characteristics, and patient outcomes remain unknown. To better characterize post-HSCT viral enteritis, we retrospectively analyzed 59 patients who underwent allo-HSCT and received a diagnosis of viral enteritis confirmed by intestinal biopsy specimens. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (37.3%), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) (37.3%), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (33.9%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. The median time for diagnosis was 56 days post-allo-HSCT. Diarrhea and abdominal pain were the most common symptoms. Notably, 35 patients experienced diarrhea lasting 14 days or more, with a median duration of 16 days (range: 3–57 days). Endoscopic findings revealed concurrent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 45 patients. The overall survival rates for patients with viral enteritis at 1 and 3 years were 58.6% and 55.3%, respectively. Importantly, patients with CMV enteritis had significantly poorer overall survival compared to those with other viral enteritis types(P = 0.035). In summary, viral enteritis is a significant complication post-allo-HSCT, with CMV, HHV-6, and EBV being the most common pathogens. Early identification and management are crucial, especially for CMV enteritis which is associated with poorer outcomes.
Seasonal Changes in Methane Emissions via Different Pathways from a Rice Paddy Field
Authors: Hamamoto Shoichiro , Kobayakawa Tatsuya , Cui Dingwen , Ma Xuping , Kajiura Masako , Tokida Takeshi , Nishimura Taku
Published: July 2024

Rice paddies are significant sources of methane (CH4) emissions, with CH4 released into the atmosphere through three pathways: molecular diffusion of dissolved methane across the atmosphere-water boundary, ebullition of gas bubbles, and diffusive transport through the aerenchyma tissue of rice plants. This study aimed to analyze seasonal variations of CH4 fluxes separately via ebullition and rice plants, and to explore the potential relationship between in-situ gas volume and CH4 emissions. Field monitoring of CH4 emissions, gas-filled porosity (i.e., bubble volume), and soil temperature was conducted in a rice paddy with four different treatments: plots with/without rice plant (Oryza sativa, cv Koshihikari) and with/without straw application. Results indicated that both total CH4 flux and CH4 ebullition were higher during the ripening stage for plots without straw application, where over 60% of total CH4 flux was attributed to ebullition. Rice straw application enhanced both fluxes during the early vegetative stage. Seasonal trends of total CH4 flux corresponded to those of CH4 flux via ebullition. Gas-filled porosity increased during the vegetative stage particularly in plots with straw application, reaching almost maximum values during the late reproductive stage. Methane flux via rice plant and ebullition were correlated well with gas-filled porosity during the vegetative and reproductive stages. This study suggests that the size of gaseous CH4 pool is a good measure for estimating flux intensities of both ebullition and rice-mediated pathways.
Growth and development of flexible pine (Pinus flexilis James) at its introduction in Voronezh region
Authors: Левин С. В.
Published: July 2024

В соответствии с лесоинтродукционным районированием Воронежская область входит в зону средней перспективности, где предполагается экономический эффект лесоинтродукционных мероприятий на 15–25% выше уровня эффекта выращивания культур местных видов. Здесь одной из перспективных орехоплодных хвойных пород испытывается сосна гибкая (Pinus flexilis James). Целью исследования ставится рассмотрение в сравнении с условиями естественного ареала развития и состояния сосны гибкой на территории Воронежской области. Установлено, что по декоративности сосна гибкая превосходит сосну обыкновенную, являясь видом с высокой степенью адаптивности к засушливым условиям и морозоустойчивым. К возрасту 49 лет наблюдаются ограничения дальнейшего роста деревьев в высоту. Разбег величин таксационных показателей при интродукции, как и в условиях произрастания в ареале, согласуется с мнением, что у сосны гибкой достаточно высокий уровень количественной генетической изменчивости внутри популяций. Выявлены устойчивые к патогену (Cronartium ribicola) деревья. При этом обильное и частое ветвление следует считать неблагоприятным признаком развития дерева, если это не происходит с начального этапа (6–10 лет). Схема размещения на площади 4,5×3 м вполне приемлема при условии, что на одном посадочном месте располагается 3 саженца с расстоянием между ними 1 м.

According to the forest introduction zoning Voronezh region is included in the zone of medium potential, where the economic effect of forest introduction measures is supposed to be 15-25% higher than the effect of cultivation of native species. Here one of the promising nut-bearing conifers is tested pine flexible (Pinus flexilis James). The aim of the study is to consider in comparison with the conditions of natural habitat development and condition of bent pine in the territory of Voronezh region. It was found that flex pine surpasses Scots pine in ornamentality, being a species with a high degree of adaptability to arid conditions and frost-resistant. By the age of 49 years, there are restrictions on further growth of trees in height. The range of values of taxation indicators at introduction, as well as in the conditions of growth in the area, agrees with the opinion that the pine has a fairly high level of quantitative genetic variability within populations. Trees resistant to the pathogen (Cronartium ribicola) were identified. At the same time, abundant and frequent branching should be considered an unfavorable sign of tree development if it does not occur from the initial stage (6–10 years). The scheme of placement in the area (4,5 × 3 m) is quite acceptable, provided that there are 3 seedlings with a distance of 1 m between them in one planting place.