bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrashort X-ray Free Electron Laser Pulse Manipulation by Optical Matrix
Authors: Hu Kai , Zhu Ye , Xu Zhongmin , Wang Qiuping , Zhang Weiqing , Yang Chuan
Published: April 2023

Free electron laser (FEL) is capable of producing ultra-short X-ray pulses. The estimation of X-ray pulse propagation is the key process of X-ray FEL beamline design. By using the Kostenbauder matrix approach, the evolution of an ultra-short pulse in a beamline system can be calculated. Therefore, it is of significant importance to investigate the Kostenbauder matrices of different kinds of X-ray optics. In this work, we derive a unified 6 × 6 optical matrix to describe various kinds of X-ray optical elements, including varied-line-spacing (VLS) toroidal grating, VLS spherical grating, VLS cylindrical grating, VLS plane grating, toroidal grating, spherical grating, cylindrical grating, plane grating, toroidal mirror, spherical mirror, cylindrical mirror, and plane mirror. These optics are usually adopted in soft X-ray regime. We apply this method to describe the transverse focusing, pulse front tilt, and pulse stretching after an X-ray pulse going through a VLS plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM). We also use this approach to simulate a grating compressor which can be used to compress chirped soft X-ray pulse. This work is helpful in the design and optimization of X-ray beamline systems.
Internal Dynamic Temperature Measurement of Alkali Metal Vapor Cell by Kalman Filter
Authors: Li Yang , Tian Shencheng , Zhao Junpeng , Zhou Guoqing , Dong Xiangmei , Gao Xiumin , Liu Xuejing
Published: April 2023

Measuring the internal dynamic temperature of alkali metal vapor cells is crucial for enhancing the performance of numerous atomic devices. However, conventional methods of measuring the internal dynamic temperature of the cell are prone to errors. To obtain a more accurate internal dynamic temperature of the alkali metal vapor cell, a temperature measuring method based on the data fusion of the Kalman filter has been proposed. This method combines the indirect temperature measurement signal from a resistance temperature detector with the atomic absorption spectrometric temperature measurement signal. This provides a high-accuracy set of internal dynamic temperatures in the cell. The atomic vapor density calculated from the final fusion results is 37% average lower than that measured by external wall temperature measurements, which is in line with the conclusions reached in many previous studies. This study is highly beneficial to measure the temperature of alkali metal vapor cells.
Effect of Wavefront Distortion on the Performance of Coherent Detection Systems: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Research
Authors: Yang Shangjun , Xing Tian , Ke Chenghu , Liang Jingyuan , Ke Xizheng
Published: April 2023

Atmospheric turbulence causes signal beam wavefront distortion at the receiving end of a coherent detection system, which decreases the system mixing efficiency. Based on the coherent detection theory, this study establishes a mathematical model of wavefront distortion with mixing efficiency and mixing gain. It also analyzes the improvement limits of wavefront correction on mixing efficiency and mixing gain under different atmospheric turbulence intensities and experimentally measures them. Simulation results show that the mixing efficiency can be improved to 51%, 55%, and 60% after correcting for tilt, defocus, and astigmatism terms, respectively, when turbulence intensity D/r0 is 2. The mixing gain with homodyne detection is 3 dB higher than heterodyne detection. Meanwhile, the wavefront correction orders required for optimal mixing efficiency are higher than the heterodyne correction order. In the experiment, Haso4 NIR + DM 40 was used, and the turbulence intensity D/r0 was 2. After the closed-loop control algorithm corrects the tilt, defocus, and astigmatism terms, the indoor experimental results showed that the mixing efficiency is improved to 36%, 47%, and 62%, respectively. The outdoor experimental results showed that the mixing efficiency improved to 36%, 51%, and 68%, respectively.
Effect of Precursor Prehistory on the Efficiency of Radiation-Assisted Synthesis and Luminescence of YAG:Ce Ceramics
Authors: Lisitsyn Viktor M. , Karipbayev Zhakyp T. , Zhilgildinov Zhassulan S. , Zhunusbekov Amangeldy M. , Tulegenova Aida T. , Golkovski Mikhail G.
Published: April 2023

The quality of synthesized materials is affected by various factors such as the prehistory of substances used and the synthesis technology. Most methods for synthesizing luminescent ceramics based on metal oxides rely on high-temperature heating to facilitate the necessary exchange of elements between precursor particles. However, a promising alternative method involves the direct application of a powerful high-energy radiation flux, which stimulates different processes. The formation of ceramics through this method occurs in a highly ionized medium, which may produce different results from those achieved through thermal exposure. This paper reports the findings of a study that explores the relationship between the morphology and luminescent properties of YAG:Ce ceramics and the characteristics of Y2O3 and Al2O3 oxides used in the synthesis, such as dispersity and activator concentration. The results indicate that the morphology of the synthesized ceramic samples is significantly affected by the dispersity of the powder mixture used.
A New Gnetalean Macrofossil from the Mid-Jurassic Daohugou Formation
Authors: Yang Yong , Yang Zhi , Lin Longbiao , Wang Yingwei , Ferguson David Kay
Published: April 2023

Macrofossil evidence has demonstrated a first radiation of gnetophytes in the Early Cretaceous. However, the origin of the diversity of gnetophytes remains ambiguous because gnetalean macrofossils have rarely been reported from pre-Cretaceous strata. Here, we report a new putative gnetalean macrofossil reproductive shoot which possesses opposite phyllotaxy, long linear leaves more or less decurrent and having a prominent midvein and pedicled ovoid-ellipsoid and longitudinally striated chlamydosperms. Our new fossil is different from other known gnetalean macrofossils in the linear-lanceolate leaves with a midvein and pedicled chlamydosperms. As a result, we describe this new macrofossil reproductive shoot as new to science, i.e., Daohugoucladus sinensis gen. et sp. nov. Our new macrofossil displays additional morphological characters distinct from other known Mesozoic and modern gnetalean species and provides additional evidence of the origin and early evolution of female reproductive organs of gnetophytes.
Effects of Shellac Self-Repairing and Carbonyl Iron Powder Microcapsules on the Properties of Dulux Waterborne Coatings on Wood
Authors: Li Wenbo , Yan Xiaoxing
Published: April 2023

Magnetic carbonyl iron powder (CIP) microcapsules were created by in situ polymerization using melamine resin as the wall material and CIP as the core material. They were mixed with shellac self-repairing microcapsules to prepare dual-functional wood coatings, and the effect of different amounts of CIP microcapsules in the Dulux Waterborne primer on the performance of the primer was investigated. The findings demonstrated that the core-wall ratio had a significant impact on the characteristics of CIP microcapsules. The microcapsule coating rate reached 57.7% when the core-wall ratio was 0.65:1. The maximum reflection loss of CIP microcapsules with the core-wall ratio of 0.70:1 is −10.53 dB. When the addition amount of shellac self-repairing microcapsules is 4.2%, and the additional amount of CIP microcapsules with a core wall ratio of 0.65:1 and 0.70:1 is 3.0%, the coating color difference is the smallest. The number of microcapsules causes a noticeable drop in the coating’s gloss, and the amount of microcapsules causes a small negative change in the coating’s adherence. With an increase in the number of microcapsules, the coating’s hardness, impact resistance, and tensile resistance first rose and subsequently fell. When the content of CIP microcapsules with core-wall ratio of 0.65:1 and 0.70:1 was 9.0%, the hardness, elongation at break and repair rate of the coating reached the best performance. According to a comprehensive analysis, when the content of CIP microcapsules with core-wall ratio of 0.70:1 is 9.0%, the coating has good performance. At this time, the coating has a color difference of 1.83, a glossiness of 19.3, an adhesion of 2 H, a hardness of 3 H, an impact resistance of 17 kg·cm, and a repair rate of 33.3%. This provides a technical basis for the application of multifunctional coatings on wooden substrates.
IRSDT: A Framework for Infrared Small Target Tracking with Enhanced Detection
Authors: Fan Jun , Wei Jingbiao , Huang Hai , Zhang Dafeng , Chen Ce
Published: April 2023

Currently, infrared small target detection and tracking under complex backgrounds remains challenging because of the low resolution of infrared images and the lack of shape and texture features in these small targets. This study proposes a framework for infrared vehicle small target detection and tracking, comprising three components: full-image object detection, cropped-image object detection and tracking, and object trajectory prediction. We designed a CNN-based real-time detection model with a high recall rate for the first component to detect potential object regions in the entire image. The KCF algorithm and the designed lightweight CNN-based target detection model, which parallelly lock on the target more precisely in the target potential area, were used in the second component. In the final component, we designed an optimized Kalman filter to estimate the target’s trajectory. We validated our method on a public dataset. The results show that the proposed real-time detection and tracking framework for infrared vehicle small targets could steadily track vehicle targets and adapt well in situations such as the temporary disappearance of targets and interference from other vehicles.
PW-360IQA: Perceptually-Weighted Multichannel CNN for Blind 360-Degree Image Quality Assessment
Authors: Sendjasni Abderrezzaq , Larabi Mohamed-Chaker
Published: April 2023

Image quality assessment of 360-degree images is still in its early stages, especially when it comes to solutions that rely on machine learning. There are many challenges to be addressed related to training strategies and model architecture. In this paper, we propose a perceptually weighted multichannel convolutional neural network (CNN) using a weight-sharing strategy for 360-degree IQA (PW-360IQA). Our approach involves extracting visually important viewports based on several visual scan-path predictions, which are then fed to a multichannel CNN using DenseNet-121 as the backbone. In addition, we account for users’ exploration behavior and human visual system (HVS) properties by using information regarding visual trajectory and distortion probability maps. The inter-observer variability is integrated by leveraging different visual scan-paths to enrich the training data. PW-360IQA is designed to learn the local quality of each viewport and its contribution to the overall quality. We validate our model on two publicly available datasets, CVIQ and OIQA, and demonstrate that it performs robustly. Furthermore, the adopted strategy considerably decreases the complexity when compared to the state-of-the-art, enabling the model to attain comparable, if not better, results while requiring less computational complexity.
Real-Time Evaluation of Time-Domain Pulse Rate Variability Parameters in Different Postures and Breathing Patterns Using Wireless Photoplethysmography Sensor: Towards Remote Healthcare in Low-Resource Communities
Authors: Pineda-Alpizar Felipe , Arriola-Valverde Sergio , Vado-Chacón Mitzy , Sossa-Rojas Diego , Liu Haipeng , Zheng Dingchang
Published: April 2023

Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals have been widely used in evaluating cardiovascular biomarkers, however, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the remote usage of this technology and its viability for underdeveloped countries. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the performance of a low-cost wireless PPG device in detecting ultra-short-term time-domain pulse rate variability (PRV) parameters in different postures and breathing patterns. A total of 30 healthy subjects were recruited. ECG and PPG signals were simultaneously recorded in 3 min using miniaturized wearable sensors. Four heart rate variability (HRV) and PRV parameters were extracted from ECG and PPG signals, respectively, and compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Scheirer–Ray–Hare test with post hoc analysis. In addition, the data loss was calculated as the percentage of missing sampling points. Posture did not present statistical differences across the PRV parameters but a statistical difference between indicators was found. Strong variation was found for the RMSSD indicator in the standing posture. The sitting position in both breathing patterns demonstrated the lowest data loss (1.0 ± 0.6 and 1.0 ± 0.7) and the lowest percentage of different factors for all indicators. The usage of commercial PPG and BLE devices can allow the reliable extraction of the PPG signal and PRV indicators in real time.
Yttrium-Iron Garnet Magnetometer in MEG: Advance towards Multi-Channel Arrays
Authors: Skidchenko Ekaterina , Butorina Anna , Ostras Maxim , Vetoshko Petr , Kuzmichev Alexey , Yavich Nikolay , Malovichko Mikhail , Koshev Nikolay
Published: April 2023

Recently, a new kind of sensor applicable in magnetoencephalography (MEG) has been presented: a solid-state yttrium-iron garnet magnetometer (YIGM). The feasibility of yttrium-iron garnet magnetometers (YIGMs) was demonstrated in an alpha-rhythm registration experiment. In this paper, we propose the analysis of lead-field matrices for different possible multi-channel on-scalp sensor layouts using YIGMs with respect to information theory. Real noise levels of the new sensor were used to compute signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and total information capacity (TiC), and compared with corresponding metrics that can be obtained with well-established MEG systems based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) and optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs). The results showed that due to YIGMs’ proximity to the subject’s scalp, they outperform SQUIDs and OPMs at their respective noise levels in terms of SNR and TiC. However, the current noise levels of YIGM sensors are unfortunately insufficient for constructing a multichannel YIG-MEG system. This simulation study provides insight into the direction for further development of YIGM sensors to create a multi-channel MEG system, namely, by decreasing the noise levels of sensors.
An UPLC–ESI–MS/MS Bioanalytical Methodology for the Quantification of Gilteritinib in Human Liver Microsomes: Application to In Vitro and In Silico Metabolic Stability Estimation
Authors: Attwa Mohamed W. , AlRabiah Haitham , Alsibaee Aishah M. , Abdelhameed Ali S. , Kadi Adnan A.
Published: April 2023

Gilteritinib (Xospata®) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that works by inhibiting numerous receptor tyrosine kinases, involving AXL and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). Gilteritinib (GTB) was approved (28 November 2018) by the USFDA for the treatment of refractory or relapsed (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a FLT3 mutation. In the current study, a fast, highly sensitive, and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) analytical methodology was created for GTB determination in human liver microsomes (HLMs) utilizing an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The developed methodology (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) was utilized in the assessment of GTB metabolic stability. The UPLC–ESI–MS/MS methodology was validated following the rules of the FDA that include selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, stability, and extraction recovery. The generated data of the optimized validation parameters of the current UPLC–ESI–MS/MS methodology were acceptable as reported in the FDA guidelines. GTB parent ions were generated in the ESI source (positive mode) and GTB daughter ions (two) were quantified in the mass analyzer utilizing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The plotted GTB calibration curve showed a wide range of linearity from 1 ng/mL to 3000 ng/mL in HLMs matrix (y = 1.7298x + 3.62941 and r2 = 0.9949). The intraday and interday precision and accuracy outcomes of the current UPLC–ESI–MS/MS methodology were 0.35–11.39% and 0.27–4.32%, respectively. GTB and encorafenib (EFB) (internal standard; IS) were resoluted utilizing a reversed stationary phase (ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18 column; 1.8 μm PS, 2.1 mm ID, and 50 mm L) at 22 ± 2 °C. The calculated lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.94 ng/mL, revealing the UPLC–ESI–MS/MS methodology sensitivity. The two metabolic stability factors including in vitro half-life (t1/2) and intrinsic clearance (Clint) of GTB were 14.32 min and 56.64 mL/min/kg, respectively, predicting the moderate extraction ratio and good bioavailability of GTB. The current UPLC–ESI–MS/MS methodology is fast, sensitive and exhibits a wider range of linearity (1 to 3000 ng/mL) compared to other reported methods and is considered the first validated methodology for the determination of GTB metabolic stability.
A New UHPLC Analytical Method for St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Extracts
Authors: Wang Lisa , Ibi Afoke , Chang Chuck , Solnier Julia
Published: April 2023

Commonly used to treat mood disorders, St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a popular herb in the natural health products industry. The potency of its active ingredients can be determined using a number of different analytical methods, but it is more widely determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). While monographs in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) can often be relied upon for suitable analytical methods, the method proposed for determining hypericin content in St. John’s Wort products is inefficient in carrying out this purpose. This paper presents a modified new HPLC method for determining the hypericin content that can also be used for St. John’s Worts capsules and tablets by making use of purified hypericin as a chemical standard instead of oxybenzone, applying a wavelength of 588 nm during analysis and utilizing a binary instead of ternary mobile phase gradient. The resulting method and sample chromatograms provide better resolved, more easily identifiable peaks, shorter run time, and increased sustainability compared to the original USP method. This proposed method was developed using the more refined ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and serves as a more accurate and reliable method for determining hypericin content in St. John’s Wort.
The Energy Mix: Understanding People’s Diverging Energy Preferences in Belgium
Authors: Dallenes Hanne , Geerts Robbe , Vandermoere Frédéric , Verbist Gerlinde
Published: April 2023

To mitigate global climate change, drastic transformations of the energy system are needed. Whereas the public is asked to adapt its energy demand patterns, their perspective is often neglected. In this study, we incorporated a more human-centered dimension into energy research by examining how social characteristics determine the composition of individuals’ preferred energy mix. Previous studies have been mainly limited to the exploration of preferences for one energy system in isolation. Hence, little is known about how various energy sources are combined into various energy mixes. Furthermore, empirical research regarding the heterogeneity of energy preferences often lacks an intersectional approach. Against this background, we used Belgian data from the European Social Survey (N = 1766) to examine the diversity of preferred energy mixes among individuals and how this relates to social characteristics. Specifically, a segmentation analysis was conducted to cluster Belgian respondents into intersectional, meaningful groups related to their preferred energy mixes. The results of the segmentation analysis underpin the existence of vulnerable and privileged groups in the establishment of a green transition. This study highlights the importance of focusing on energy mixes from an intersectional stance, as it provides an excellent tool to uncover the power dynamics underlying an energy transition.
Gulf Studies: The Imperatives of Area Studies in the Gulf Region
Authors: El Sayed Sahar , Al-Hababi Reem , Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: April 2023

Area Studies is in crisis, but research on Area Studies also demonstrates the relevance of and need for Area Studies through case studies in different world regions. However, there is a dearth of research on the imperatives of Gulf Area Studies in the Gulf region, which provides the rationale for this study. This study examines the imperatives of Gulf studies by addressing a wide range of questions: Why is Area Studies still relevant? What are the challenges and prospects for Area Studies in general and Gulf studies in particular? What makes a region a region and, therefore, an area of interest and research? Why is it necessary to produce Gulf-specific knowledge? What are the ways forward for Gulf studies? This paper addresses these questions within three broad themes: debates in Area Studies, the Gulf as a region, and Gulf studies within the Gulf region. Drawing on the existing scholarship, we argue that producing area-specific knowledge in the Gulf is not a luxury, but rather a necessity, despite its challenges. Decentering Gulf studies away from the Western academic umbrella to the Gulf region is a crucial move with far-reaching implications for the field of Gulf studies. However, the discipline of Gulf studies must evolve, and fundamentally reposition itself in order to keep pace with rapidly transforming Gulf society in the years to come.
Mental-Health-Related Stigma in a Conservative and Patriarchal Community
Authors: Popović Aleksandar , Marić Nada
Published: April 2023

Background: Mental health disorders are a significant global disease burden, and the stigma towards people with them is the strongest obstacle to improving mental health and dealing with an enormous public health problem. Montenegro is a small country with a conservative society and a deeply ingrained patriarchy. The aim of this study was to determine attitudes toward mental health disorders in the general population of Montenegro and identify the influence of socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: The research was conducted as an online cross-sectional study. The questionnaire included a demographic section and a section on attitudes towards mental health as well as the CAMI scale (community attitudes toward mental health disorders). Results: The subjective opinions of the respondents showed a lack of awareness about mental health campaigns in the country. Stigma towards mental health was present in younger and more highly educated populations. Conclusions: The obtained data indicate the magnitude of the problem when it comes to the stigma towards mental health disorders in Montenegro. Furthermore, there is a need for a systematic nationwide and metacentric study, identifying and exploring a wide range of individual factors contributing to the stigma of mental health problems.
Sublethal Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Development, Body Weight and Economic Characteristics of Silkworm
Authors: Chen Qiqi , Sun Shoumin , Yang Xiu , Yan Haohao , Wang Kaiyun , Ba Xiucheng , Wang Hongyan
Published: April 2023

Silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is a critical insect for silk producers, but the inappropriate application of insecticides negatively affects the physiology and behavior of silkworms. This study found that the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides applied using two spraying methods on the growth and development of silkworms were different: the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of two pesticides applied using the leaf-dipping method were 0.33 and 0.83 mg L−1 and those of two pesticides applied using the quantitative spraying method were 0.91 and 1.23 mg kg−1. The concentration of pesticides on the mulberry leaves did not decrease after their application using the quantitative spraying method, and a uniform spraying density was observed after the mulberry leaves were air-dried (no liquid) under realistic conditions. We then treated silkworms with the quantitative spraying method and leaf-dipping method. The treatment of silkworm larvae with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam at sublethal concentrations significantly prolonged the development time and significantly decreased the weight and pupation rate, as well as economic indicators of enamel layers and sputum production. Thiamethoxam treatment significantly increased the activities of carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The activity of CarE and GST increased, decreased, and then increased, and the highest activity was detected on the 10th and 12th days. Thiamethoxam exposure significantly elevated the transcription levels of CarE-11, GSTe3 and GSTz2 and induced DNA damage in hemocytes. This study confirmed that the quantitative spray method is more stable than the leaf-dipping method. Moreover, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatment affected the economy and indexes of silkworms and induced changes in detoxification enzymes and DNA damage in silkworms. These results provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of the sublethal effects of insecticides on silkworms.
Can Green-Technology Innovation Reduce Atmospheric Environmental Pollution?
Authors: Zhou Jingkun , Zhou Yunkai , Bai Xu
Published: April 2023

Rapid economic growth leads to such problems as resource scarcity and environmental degradation. Local governments successively take measures such as technological innovation to solve atmospheric environmental pollution; however, technological innovation fails to fundamentally alleviate atmospheric environmental pollution. Therefore, local governments come to realize the importance of green-technology innovation, which means an inevitable choice for various countries in the world to seek long-term development and win competitive advantage. Under such circumstances, this paper chooses the panel data of 30 provinces and regions in China from 2005 to 2018, takes environmental regulation as the threshold variable, and empirically analyzes the relationship between green-technology innovation and atmospheric environmental pollution by constructing a Spatial Measurement Model and Panel Regression Model. As evinced, green-technology innovation has a significant inhibitory effect and a spatial spillover effect on atmospheric environmental pollution. When environmental regulation reaches a level of intensity, green-technology innovation can effectively curb atmospheric environmental pollution. Accordingly, relevant parties should strengthen green-technology innovation, coordinate the development of the governance system of green-technology innovation, establish a joint prevention and control mechanism, increase the investment in green technology research and development, and augment the role of green-technology innovation.
Bio-Based Adsorption as Ecofriendly Method for Wastewater Decontamination: A Review
Authors: Vievard Juliette , Alem Abdellah , Pantet Anne , Ahfir Nasre-Dine , Arellano-Sánchez Mónica Gisel , Devouge-Boyer Christine , Mignot Mélanie
Published: April 2023

Intense human activities have for years contributed to the pollution of the environment by many dangerous pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many conventional methods used to control pollution, with practical and/or financial drawbacks. Therefore, in recent years, an innovative, easy-to-implement and inexpensive adsorption method has been developed to recover waste and clean up water from micropollutants. Firstly, this article aims to summarize the issues related to water remediation and to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the methods classically used to purify water. In particular, this review aims to provide a recent update of the bio-based adsorbents and their use. Differently from the majority of the reviews related to wastewater treatment, in this article several classes of pollutants are considered. Then, a discussion about the adsorption process and interactions involved is provided. Finally, perspectives are suggested about the future work to be done in this field.
Microfiber Emissions from Functionalized Textiles: Potential Threat for Human Health and Environmental Risks
Authors: Periyasamy Aravin
Published: April 2023

The growing worldwide population is directly responsible for the increased production and consumption of textile products. One of the key reasons for the generation of microfibers is the use of textiles and garment materials, which is expected to increase. The textile industry is responsible for the invisible pollution that is created by textile microfibers, which have been detected in marine sediments and organisms. The present review paper demonstrates that the microfibers discharged from functionalized textiles exhibit non-biodegradable characteristics and that a considerable proportion of them possess toxic properties. This is primarily attributed to the impact of textiles’ material functionalization on their biodegradability. The potential for these microfibers, which are released from textiles that contain a variety of dyes, toxic chemicals, and nanomaterials, to pose a variety of health risks to both humans and other living organisms is discussed in this paper. In addition, this paper covers a wide variety of preventative and minimizing measures for reduction, which are discussed in terms of several phases ranging from sustainable production through the consumer, end of life, domestic washing, and wastewater treatment phases.
Endocarditis with Streptococcus pseudoporcinus Associated with Mastocytosis and Spondylodiscitis—A Coincidental Association? A Case Report
Authors: Birlutiu Victoria , Birlutiu Rares-Mircea , Teodoru Minodora , Catana Alina Camelia , Stoica Cristian Ioan
Published: April 2023

Streptococcus pseudoporcinus is a nonmotile Gram-positive, catalase, and benzidine negative, arranged in short chains, isolated from the genitourinary tract group B Streptococcus. S. pseudoporcinus was also identified from blood, urine, skin, cervical area, wounds, rectum, and placenta samples. Two cases of infective endocarditis have been reported in the literature. Based on these data, the identification of a case of S. pseudoporcinus infective endocarditis associated with spondylodiscitis in a patient with undiagnosed systemic mastocytosis until the age of 63 years is unusual. Two sets of blood specimens were collected, and both sets were positive for S. pseudoporcinus. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed, multiple vegetations on the mitral valve. A lumbar spine MRI revealed L5-S1 spondylodiscitis that associates prevertebral and right paramedian epidural abscesses with compressive stenosis. The performed bone marrow biopsy, and cellularity examination revealed 5–10% mast cells in the areas of medullary tissue, an aspect that is suggestive of mastocytosis. Antibiotic therapy was initiated, under which the patient presented intermittent fever. A second transesophageal echocardiography revealed a mitral valve abscess. A mitral valve replacement with a mechanical heart valve device through a minimally invasive approach was performed, with a favorable evolution under treatment. S. pseudoporcinus can be responsible for infectious endocarditis in certain immunodepressed cases, but also in a profibrotic, proatherogenic field, as shown by the association with mastocytosis in the presented case.
Coinfection with Strongyloides and SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rosca Elena C. , Heneghan Carl , Spencer Elizabeth A. , Plüddemann Annette , Maltoni Susanna , Gandini Sara , Onakpoya Igho J. , Evans David , Conly John M. , Jefferson Tom
Published: April 2023

Background: Treatments for COVID-19, including steroids, might exacerbate Strongyloides disease in patients with coinfection. We aimed to systematically review clinical and laboratory features of SARS-CoV-2 and Strongyloides coinfection, investigate possible interventions, assess outcomes, and identify research gaps requiring further attention. Methods: We searched two electronic databases, LitCOVID and WHO, up to August 2022, including SARS-CoV-2 and Strongyloides coinfection studies. We adapted the World Health Organization—Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) system for standardized case causality assessment to evaluate if using corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs in COVID-19 patients determined acute manifestations of strongyloidiasis. Results: We included 16 studies reporting 25 cases of Strongyloides and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection: 4 with hyperinfection syndrome; 2 with disseminated strongyloidiasis; 3 with cutaneous reactivation of strongyloidiasis; 3 with isolated digestive symptoms; and 2 with solely eosinophilia, without clinical manifestations. Eleven patients were asymptomatic regarding strongyloidiasis. Eosinopenia or normal eosinophil count was reported in 58.3% of patients with Strongyloides reactivation. Steroids were given to 18/21 (85.7%) cases. A total of 4 patients (19.1%) received tocilizumab and/or Anakirna in addition to steroids. Moreover, 2 patients (9.5%) did not receive any COVID-19 treatment. The causal relationship between Strongyloides reactivation and COVID-19 treatments was considered certain (4% of cases), probable (20% of patients), and possible (20% of patients). For 8% of cases, it was considered unlikely that COVID-19 treatment was associated with strongyloidiasis reactivations; the relationship between the Strongyloides infection and administration of COVID-19 treatment was unassessable/unclassifiable in 48% of cases. Of 13 assessable cases, 11 (84.6%) were considered to be causally associated with Strongyloides, ranging from certain to possible. Conclusions: Further research is needed to assess the frequency and risk of Strongyloides reactivation in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our limited data using causality assessment supports recommendations that clinicians should screen and treat for Strongyloides infection in patients with coinfection who receive immunosuppressive COVID-19 therapies. In addition, the male gender and older age (over 50 years) may be predisposing factors for Strongyloides reactivation. Standardized guidelines should be developed for reporting future research.
Inflation and Primordial Black Holes
Authors: Özsoy Ogan , Tasinato Gianmassimo
Published: April 2023

We review conceptual aspects of inflationary scenarios able to produce primordial black holes by amplifying the size of curvature fluctuations to the level required to trigger black hole formation. We identify general mechanisms to do so, both for single- and multiple-field inflation. In single-field inflation, the spectrum of curvature fluctuations is enhanced by pronounced gradients of background quantities controlling the cosmological dynamics, which can induce brief phases of non-slow-roll inflationary evolution. In multiple-field inflation, the amplification occurs through appropriate couplings with additional sectors characterized by tachyonic instabilities that enhance the size of their fluctuations. As representative examples, we consider axion inflation and two-field models of inflation with rapid turns in field space. We develop our discussion in a pedagogical manner by including some of the most relevant calculations and by guiding the reader through the existing theoretical literature, emphasizing general themes common to several models.
Infection Due to Actinobacillus lignieresii in Cattle with Brain and Ocular Involvement: Histological and Microbiological Features
Authors: Salvaggio Antonio , Giunta Renato Paolo , Percipalle Maurizio , Scalzo Fabrizio , Marino Anna Maria Fausta
Published: April 2023

The actinobacillosis is rare and to date the biological profile of the agent is not yet fully understood. The knowledge about the possible hosts of the pathogen is incomplete and is generally only associated with granulomatous lesions in cattle and sheep. The primary organs involved are the mouth, tongue and pharynx. Human infection is extremely rare. Actinobacillus lignieresii is the causative agent of a rare bovine granulomatous disease known as “wooden tongue”. In this research, we describe a case of cerebral and ocular metastatic diffusion of granuloma due to infection with Actinobacillus lignieresii in cattle, probably resulting from primary oral localization. Diagnosis was made using histopathological assay which made it possible to highlight the typical lesion of actinobacillosis, and bacteriological assay that allowed to isolate the pathogen.
¿Autonomía pragmática? La nueva política exterior de Lula
Authors: Rodrigues Gilberto M. A.
Published: April 2023

El presidente Lula asume su nuevo mandato (2023-) tras haber derrotado al gobierno de ultraderecha de Bolsonaro, basado en una gran coalición de partidos e intereses internos, algunos bastante divergentes. Con el experimentado exministro Celso Amorim como principal asesor internacional, Lula retoma su política exterior bajo nuevas claves internas e internacionales, con más dificultades y desafíos en relación a sus dos mandatos anteriores (2003-2010). Las divisiones internas del país, que exigen una reconciliación sociopolítica, y el conflictivo e inestable escenario internacional, implican una nueva política exterior destinada a recuperar la posición y la imagen de Brasil en la escena internacional. Se trata del concepto de “autonomía pragmática” que combina las pretensiones de liderazgo del país en cuestiones como el cambio climático y el combate al hambre con el deseo de mantener el equilibrio entre polos de poder opuestos en el sistema internacional.
Mizojinic Elements and Genderist Discourses in the Mathnawi Named Salaman u Absâl
Authors: ÖZBEK ARSLAN Necmiye
Published: April 2023

Women, who are seen as one of the two basic assets that have high qualities such as fertility and protection, and that constitute the equivalence of existence, have encountered sexist hate speech over time. In this discourse, women were seen as worthless, ominous and the source of evil, as a concubine who could not produce, in need of a man, oppressed in the face of power and serving her man. It is thought that the origin of this concept, which is expressed as misogyny, is monotheist religions, their sacred texts and the influence of religion, social change, economic power in human life in medieval Europe, and in this context, the change in the role of the female figure in social life. In Turkish literary discourses, it is seen that the alpine-valiant woman type dominates both oral and literary culture during the period when the horse-nomadic dominates. Woman; she has been mentioned with positive concepts such as warrior, blessed, wise, supreme individual whose word is listened to, mother, symbol of fertility. With the transition to settled life, there have been some changes in the social status of women. The woman has turned into a being who takes care of the house and children, fulfills all the necessities of the house and serves the patriarchy. With the meeting of the Turks with Islam, women were largely isolated from the outdoors, and the social development of women was almost stopped. Since the 19th century, with the influence of Western culture, the society has chosen to give a new value to women, to re-recognise them, to conceptualize them and to give a new social status to the woman individual. In this study, in the context of Lâmi'î Çelebi's Salamân u Absâl Mathnawi, misogynistic discourses, religious and mythological sources of these discourses, metaphors in which women are compared, have been tried to reflect the perspective of women in the period when the work was written.
Bakırcılar Kethüdâsı Bursalı Râşid Mehmed’in (ö. 1815-16) Dîvânçe’si
Authors: KILIÇARSLAN Orhan
Published: April 2023

Kaynaklarda Bursalı olduğu zikredilen 18. yüzyıl divan şairi Râşid Mehmed, bakırcılık mesleğiyle uğraşan bir aileye mensubiyeti ve kendisinin de bu işle meşgul olmasından dolayı “Bakırcılar Kethüdası” olarak anılmıştır. Hakkında bilgi veren kaynaklarda Râşid’in bir Dîvânçe’si ile Zübdetü’l-vekâyî Der Belde-i Vekâ’î-i Bursa adlı bir vefeyâtnâmesinin olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Şairin vefeyâtnâmesinin tespit edilmiş nüshaları bulunmakla birlikte varlığından bahsedilen divançesinin bugüne kadar bir nüshası tespit edilememiştir. Bu çalışmada Râşid Mehmed’in zikredilen divançesinin tespit edilen bir nüshası üzerinden eserine ilişkin genel bilgiler sunulmuştur. Biyografik kaynaklarda hakkında söylenenlerle uygunluk arz eden divançesinin Râşid Mehmed’e aidiyeti konusunda karşılaştırmalar ve yorumlar yapılmış, divançenin içeriğine dair çıkarımlara yer verilmiştir. Dîvânçe’nin en hacimli kısmını oluşturan tarihler, şairin şahsi biyografisine katkılar sunması yanında Bursa’da bulunan mimarî yapıların tarihçesi, aynı dönemde yaşadığı diğer şairler ve bürokraside görev almış kişilere ilişkin bilgileri ihtiva etmesi bakımından da önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmanın son kısmında bu değerlendirme ve yorumları destekleyen manzumelerden örnekler sunulmuştur.
Ali Rıza Yalgın’ın "Yeşil Yurdun Sisli Günlerinden (Kanlı Örnek)" İsimli Okul Piyesi
Authors: ERCAN Özlem
Published: April 2023

1888 yılında Selanik Usturumca’sında doğan Ali Rıza Bey, Anadolu’nun çeşitli illerinde öğretmen ve müfettiş olarak görev yapmış bir Cumhuriyet aydınıdır. Ayrıca nahiye müdürlüğü ve kaymakamlık vekilliği gibi devlet görevlerinde de bulunan yazar, müzecilik çalışmalarına da imza atmıştır. Çeşitli dergi ve gazetelerde derlemeler ile etnografya çalışmalarını içeren çok sayıda yazı ve kitap kaleme almasına rağmen tiyatro yazarlığı fazlaca bilinmemektedir. Yalgın piyeslerinde, gençleri eğitme ve onlara vatanseverlik hissini aşılama amacı güder. Yalgın’ın yazarlık faaliyeti gösterdiği dönemlerde eğitici okul piyesleri yazmak ve sergilemek özendirilen bir durumdur. Ayrıca bu yıllarda, tiyatro faaliyetleri yoluyla yaygın eğitim yapılması hem halkevlerinde hem de okullarda temsiller verilmek suretiyle oyunlar yazılması da teşvik edilmiştir. Çalışmanın konusu olan Ali Rıza Yalgın’ın Yeşil Yurdun Sisli Günlerinden (Kanlı Örnek) isimli eseri, üç perdelik bir okul piyesidir. Eser, vatansever İhtiyat Mülazımı (üstteğmen) İbrahim Bey’in Yunan işgali esnasında gösterdiği kahramanlıkları ve Yunan’ın Bursa ve civarında yaptığı eziyetleri anlatır. Bunların yanı sıra piyeste Yunan istilasının ruhunda bıraktığı izler ile pişmanlık ve nefret duyguları içinde yaşayan İbrahim Bey’in babası, Bursa eşrafı ve Maksem Mahallesi ahalisinden Hacı Ömer Bey’in içine düştüğü durum işlenir. Bursa İnebey Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi, Haraççıoğlu, Nr: 6432’de bulunan eser, 57 sayfa ve 21 satır olarak çizgili bir deftere rika ile yazılmıştır. Aynı kütüphanede eserin daktiloya çekilmiş bir nüshası da mevcuttur. Nüshanın ilk sayfasında verilen bilgiye göre yazar, eseri yayımlamak istemiş ancak matbaacıyla anlaşamadığı için bu işten vazgeçmiştir. Ne yazık ki piyesin oynanıp oynanmadığına dair bir bilgi de bulunmamaktadır. Piyes, 5 Şubat 1338 / 5 Şubat 1922’de tamamlanmış olup eserde işgalin tarihî sürecine yönelik bilgiler de verilmektedir. Çalışmada piyesin yazma ve daktilo nüshası tanıtılarak eserin konusu ve piyeste geçen tarihî olaylar hakkında bilgi verildi. Bu doğrultuda Türk çocuk tiyatrosunun bir örneği olan, aynı zamanda Bursa’nın işgali döneminde kaleme alındığı için çok kıymetli bir tarihî vesika görevi üstlenen eser, kütüphane raflarında unutulmaması adına günümüz okuyucusunun istifadesine sunuldu.
Manzum Bir Hz. Ali Cenknâmesi’nde Efsanevî ve Menkıbevî Motifler
Authors: KARAKILIÇ AKI Serap
Published: April 2023

Türk edebiyatında İslamiyetin kabulü ile birlikte çeşitli dinî-kahramanlık konulu eserler varlık göstermeye başlamıştır. Bunlar arasında Hz. Ali’nin baş kahramanlığında şekillenen, onun ve yoldaşlarının Müslümanlık uğruna girdiği mücadelelerin tarihten veya olağanüstü unsurlardan yararlanılarak anlatıldığı cenknâmeler önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmaya konu olan metin, Hz. Ali’nin daha önce neşredilmemiş cenknâmelerinden olup Milli Kütüphane arşivinde A 7522/1 numarası ile kayıtlıdır. Baştan ve sondan eksik olan eserin müellifi ve yazılış tarihi bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada, bahsi geçen eser efsanevî ve menkıbevî motifler açısından incelenmiştir. Edebi anlatılarda genellikle anlatının en küçük unsuru olarak değerlendirilen motif, metnin alıcısına vermek isteği mesajın etki gücünü artıran kalıplaşmış özellikteki yapıdır. Edebi anlatılarda bulunan motifler, çok çeşitli şekillerde sınıflandırılabilmektedir. Motiflerin tespiti ve tasnifi Thompson’ın Motif İndeks esasına dayanmakla birlikte, Çetin’in cenknâmeler özelinde kullandığı sistematiğe uygundur. Eserde öne çıkan beş menkıbevî ve üç efsanevî motif, eserden alınan örneklerle tahlil edilmiştir. Bunların dışında hikâyeye canlılık ve sürükleyicilik katan, konu akışına yön veren önemli motiflerden olan kıyafet/kılık değiştirme motifine yer verilmiştir. Sözü geçen motiflerin, eserin yapısına dinamiklik ve sürükleyicilik kazandırdığı görülmüştür. Hikâyede motif olarak öne çıkan efsanevî ve menkıbevî unsurlar, eserin masalsı bir kimlik kazanmasını sağlamıştır. Bu durum eserin ifade gücünü artıran, ona anlatım zenginliği kazandıran, okuyucu veya dinleyicinin hayal dünyasının genişlemesini sağlayan bir zemin oluşturmuştur.
Ali Rızâ’î‘nin Tahmîsler Mecmuası
Authors: TUĞLUK İbrahim Halil , DOKUMACI Neslihan
Published: April 2023

Klasik Türk edebiyatı 20. yy. başından itibaren akademik bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Bu süreç içerisinde Klasik edebiyat araştırmaları; metin tenkidi, metin çevirisi, metin tahlili, metin şerhi, dil içi çeviri, mukayeseli çalışmalar, tür, şekil ve vezin, ritim, ahenk, estetik yaklaşımlar, modern kuramların edebiyata uygulanması, bazı kavramsal çalışmalar, üslup, lügat, bağlam sözlüğü ve mecmua çalışmaları gibi farklı alanlarda ilerlemiştir. Günümüzde metin neşri çalışmalarında metin çevirisi ve metin tenkidi yanında önemli bir çalışma alanı da mecmualardır. Belli bir özelliğiyle ön plana çıkan mecmualar edebiyat araştırmalarına yeni perspektifler kazandırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Ali Rızâ’î‘nin Tahmîsler Mecmuası türünün nadir bir örneği olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, Ali Rızâ’î‘nin Tahmîsler Mecmuası ele alınmıştır. 18. yüzyılın sonu ile 19. yüzyılın başında yaşamış olan Ali Rızâ’î‘nin Tahmîsler Mecmuası; Millet Kütüphanesi, Ali Emîrî Efendi, 172 numaraya kayıtlıdır. Mecmua 172 varak olup, mecmuadaki şiirlerin çoğunu tahmîsler oluşturmaktadır. Eserde çoğunlukla 17. ve 18. yüzyıllarda yaşamış şairlere ait şiirlere tahmîsler yapılmıştır. Mecmuanın farklı yüzyıllarda yaşamış şairlere ait şiirler içermesi, eserde yer alan şairlerin bazı yeni şiirlerine ulaşma imkânı da sağlamıştır.
Bu çalışmada, Ali Rızâ’î‘nin Tahmîsler Mecmuası tanıtılarak Ali Rızâ’î‘nin hayatı kısaca ele alınacak mecmua muhteva, dil ve üslup açsından değerlendirilecektir.