bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustain release of dexamethasone from polyvinyl alcohol microparticle produced via coaxial microfluidic system
Authors: Abdi Majareh Melika , Davachi Seyed Mohammad , Tavakoli Moghaddam Yasaman , Khanmohammadi Mehdi
Published: October 2023

Objective

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a synthetic biopolymer has unique physicochemical properties to achieve an efficient drug carrier. In this study phenol-substituted polyvinyl alcohol (PVAPh) microparticle was made through a microfluidic system and peroxidase-mediated reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and in following dexamethasone (Dex) release characteristics from this vehicle were elaborated for sustained drug delivery applications.

Results

PVAPh was synthesized by esterification and amidation reactions respectively. Then, the synthesized PVAPh solution containing peroxidase and Dex flowed within the inner channel of the coaxial microfluidic device while liquid paraffin saturated with H2O2 flowed from the outer channel. The monodisperse microparticles were produced in a spherical shape with an average diameter of 160 μm. The Dex was successfully encapsulated in PVAPh MP and its sustained release profile was maintained for up to 7 days. It was found that exposure of Dex-loaded PVAPh MPs to subcultured mouse embryonic fibroblast 10T1/2 cells had no deleterious effects on cell viability, morphology and growth rate. Moreover, the sustained release of Dex and the high mechanical durability of PVAPh MPs suggest an excellent prospect for the synthesized PVAPh and the developed method as a biocompatible carrier required for drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
Hydrocarbon ingestions among individuals younger than 20 years old reported to United States Poison Centers, 2000–2021
Authors: Palmer Samiza B. , Spiller Henry A. , Kistamgari Sandhya , Casavant Marcel J. , Rine Natalie I. , Yang Jingzhen , Zhu Motao , Smith Gary A.
Published: October 2023

Background

Hydrocarbon-based products have many household and commercial uses and exposure to these substances is common. Severe clinical effects can occur if these products are ingested. This study investigated the characteristics and trends of hydrocarbon ingestions reported to United States Poison Centers.

Methods

Data from the National Poison Data System were analyzed for cases of hydrocarbon ingestion among individuals < 20 years old reported to United States Poison Centers from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2021.

Results

There were 284,085 hydrocarbon ingestions reported during the 22-year study period in which a hydrocarbon was the first-ranked substance. Most of these cases occurred among children < 6 years old (83.2%), males (64.6%), at a residence (96.5%), were single-substance exposures (98.3%), and were managed on-site rather than in a health care facility (74.9%). However, 4.5% of cases were associated with a serious medical outcome, including 34 deaths. Thirty-two deaths were among children < 6 years old and most were associated with aspiration. Gasolines accounted for 24.6% of total cases, followed by lubricating oils and/or motor oils (19.9%), other types of hydrocarbons (14.9%), lamp oils (11.3%), and lighter fluids and/or naphtha (10.3%). The rate of hydrocarbon ingestions among United States youth < 20 years old decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) by 66.5% from 2000 to 2021. The greatest rate decrease was observed among lamp oils (− 78.4%, p < 0.0001), followed by gasolines (− 75.9%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Although the rate of hydrocarbon ingestions decreased during the study period and most reported cases resulted in non-serious outcomes, the number of cases remains high with a non-trivial minority (4.5%) of cases associated with a serious medical outcome, including death. Most deaths were among children < 6 years old. This underscores the need to increase primary prevention efforts, especially for young children.
A double-blinded randomised controlled trial of vitamin A drops to treat post-viral olfactory loss: study protocol for a proof-of-concept study for vitamin A nasal drops in post-viral olfactory loss (APOLLO)
Authors: Kumaresan Kala , Bengtsson Sara , Sami Saber , Clark Allan , Hummel Thomas , Boardman James , High Juliet , Sobhan Rashed , Philpott Carl
Published: October 2023

Background

Smell loss is a common problem with an estimated 5% of the population having no functioning sense of smell. Viral causes of smell loss are the second most common cause and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is estimated to have caused 20,000 more people this year to have a lasting loss of smell. Isolation, depression, anxiety, and risk of danger from hazards such as toxic gas and spoiled food are all negative impacts. It also affects appetite with weight loss/gain in two-thirds of those affected. Phantosmia or smell distortion can also occur making most foods seem unpalatable. Smell training has been tried with good results in the immediate post-viral phase. Evidence behind treatment with steroids has not shown to have proven effectiveness. With this, a key problem for patients and their clinicians is the lack of proven effective therapeutic treatment options. Based on previous studies, there is some evidence supporting the regenerative potential of retinoic acid, the metabolically active form of vitamin A in the regeneration of olfactory receptor neurons. It is based on this concept that we have chosen vitamin A as our study comparator.

Aim

To undertake a two-arm randomised trial of intranasally delivered vitamin A vs no intervention to determine proof of concept.

Methods/design

The study will compare 10,000 IU once daily Vitamin A self-administered intranasal drops versus peanut oil drops (placebo) delivered over 12 weeks in patients with post-viral olfactory loss. Potentially eligible patients will be recruited from the Smell & Taste Clinic and via the charity Fifth Sense. They will be invited to attend the Brain Imaging Centre at the University of East Anglia on two occasions, 3 months apart. If they meet the eligibility criteria, they will be consented to enter the study and randomised to receive vitamin A drops or no treatment in a 2:1 ratio. MRI scanning will enable volumetric measurement of the OB and ROS; fMRI will then be conducted using an olfactometer to deliver pulsed odours—phenethylalcohol (rose-like) and hydrogen sulphide (rotten eggs). Participants will also perform a standard smell test at both visits as well as complete a quality-of-life questionnaire. Change in OB volume will be the primary outcome measure.

Discussion

We expect the outputs of this study to enable a subsequent randomised controlled trial of Vitamin A versus placebo. With PPI input we will make the outputs publicly available using journals, conferences, and social media via Fifth Sense. We have already prepared a draft RCT proposal in partnership with the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit and plan to develop this further in light of the findings.

Trial registration

ISRCTN registry 39523. Date of registration in the primary registry: 23rd February 2021.
Microbial antagonists: diversity, formulation and applications for management of pest–pathogens
Authors: Negi Rajeshwari , Sharma Babita , Kaur Simranjeet , Kaur Tanvir , Khan Sofia Sharief , Kumar Sanjeev , Ramniwas Seema , Rustagi Sarvesh , Singh Sangram , Rai Ashutosh Kumar , Kour Divjot , Thakur Neelam , Yadav Ajar Nath
Published: October 2023

Agriculture is the backbone of developing countries, which plays an essential role in primary drivers of economy. The increasing use of chemical fertilizers and toxic insecticides endangers the health of human, plant soils, and the environment. Microbial insecticides have been implemented in current scenario for crop protection. Biological agents for pest control have gained more attention in recent year as substitutes for management of pests and pathogens. It provides a sustainable approach to plant health management and assists to minimize the excessive applications of toxic substances. The antagonistic microbes belong to six different phyla including Bacillota, Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota and Mucoromycota. Microbial pesticides have been developed through a number of processes, including extraction of pure culture and screening using effectiveness bioassays under controlled and natural conditions. Biological control agents (BCAs) are recognized to be the most sophisticated technology for environmentally friendly agriculture. The various beneficial BCAs have been reported for the management of plant health, but they required effective acceptance together with the standardization of bioformulation. The present review deals with the recent development of microbial control agents, mechanisms of actions, development of microbial pesticides and their potential applications for agricultural productivity.
Left pulmonary artery sling: why is virtual CT bronchoscopy important? Case report
Authors: Karmakar Deepmala Kalyankumar , Ayyappan Anoop , Valakkada Jineesh , Gopalakrishnan Arun , Dharan Baiju S.
Published: October 2023

Background

Many causes of vascular rings may present as stridor among children. Co-occurrence of tracheal anomaly in left pulmonary artery sling (LPAS) is very common and needs special attention.

Case presentation

We report a case of an infant who presented with expiratory stridor and wheezing. A preliminary chest x-ray revealed no significant findings. CT and virtual bronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of LPAS with associated distal tracheal stenosis. He underwent surgical correction with good results in the follow-up period.

Conclusions

Virtual bronchoscopy may help to decide the type of operation and to avoid a potentially invasive bronchoscopy in LPAS.
The true effect of lithium is hard to determine
Authors: Nielsen René Ernst , Licht Rasmus W.
Published: October 2023

Lithium is the primary choice for preventing bipolar disorder relapses, endorsed by guidelines. A recent systematic review by Ulrichsen et al. showed limitations in assessing its specific impact, but data supports lithium's effectiveness in managing symptoms and preventing relapse. Comprehensive guidelines and research are crucial for its continued use.
Increased Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Patients With Autoimmune Addison Disease
Authors: van’t Westeinde Annelies , Padilla Nelly , Fletcher-Sandersjöö Sara , Kämpe Olle , Bensing Sophie , Lajic Svetlana
Published: October 2023

Context

Individuals with autoimmune Addison disease (AAD) take replacement medication for the lack of adrenal-derived glucocorticoid (GC) and mineralocorticoid hormones from diagnosis. The brain is highly sensitive to these hormones, but the consequence of having AAD for brain health has not been widely addressed.

Objective

The present study compared resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) of the brain between individuals with AAD and healthy controls.

Methods

Fifty-seven patients with AAD (33 female) and 69 healthy controls (39 female), aged 19 to 43 years were scanned with 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results

Independent component and subsequent dual regression analyses revealed that individuals with AAD had stronger rs-fc compared to controls in 3 networks: the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the left medial visual and left posterior default mode network. A higher GC replacement dose was associated with stronger rs-fc in a small part of the left OFC in patients. We did not find any clear associations between rs-fc and executive functions or mental fatigue.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that having AAD affects the baseline functional organization of the brain and that current treatment strategies of AAD may be one risk factor.
Fifteen Years of Iodine Prophylaxis in Italy: Results of a Nationwide Surveillance (Period 2015-2019)
Authors: De Angelis Simona , Medda Emanuela , Rotondi Daniela , Masocco Maria , Minardi Valentina , Contoli Benedetta , Possenti Valentina , Sorbo Angela , D’Amato Marilena , Turco Anna Chiara , Pastorelli Alberto Augusto , Stacchini Paolo , Cas Roberto Da , Bagnasco Marcello , Bonofiglio Daniela , Gasperi Maurizio , Meringolo Domenico , Mian Caterina , Moleti Mariacarla , Vermiglio Francesco , Puxeddu Efisio , Taccaliti Augusto , Tonacchera Massimo , Ulisse Salvatore , Dimida Antonio , Rago Teresa , Nazzari Elena , Schiavo Mara , Bossert Irene , Sturniolo Giacomo , Corbetta Carlo , Cereda Cristina , Cappelletti Laura , Camilot Marta , Teofoli Francesca , Ciatti Renzo , Tarsi Elisabetta , Perrotti Nicola , Marasco Onorina , Scozzafava Giovanna , Righetti Francesca , Andò Sebastiano , Catalano Stefania , Cristofaro Mariarosaria , Sorrenti Giovanni , Censi Simona , Morelli Silvia , Baldini Enke , Plutino Giuseppe , Copparoni Roberto , Alonzo Elena , Giacomozzi Claudia , Silano Marco , Olivieri Antonella
Published: October 2023

Context

In 2005, a nationwide program of iodine prophylaxis on a voluntary basis was implemented in Italy by law. However, recent data on iodine status are lacking.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency, effectiveness, and possible adverse effects (increased occurrence of thyroid autoimmunity and hyperthyroidism) of the Italian iodine prophylaxis program.

Methods

From 2015 to 2019, a nationwide survey was performed. The use of iodized salt was evaluated in a sample of 164 593 adults and in 998 school canteens. A sample of 4233 schoolchildren (aged 11-13 years) was recruited to assess urinary iodine concentration, prevalence of goiter, and thyroid hypoechogenicity on ultrasound, with the latter being an indirect indicator of thyroid autoimmunity. Neonatal TSH values of 197 677 infants screened in regions representative of Northern, Central, and Southern Italy were analyzed to investigate the percentage of TSH values >5.0 mIU/L. Data on methimazole prescriptions were analyzed as indirect indicators of new cases of hyperthyroidism.

Results

The prevalence of the use of iodized salt was 71.5% in adult population and 78% in school canteens. A median urinary iodine concentration of 124 μg/L, a prevalence of goiter of 2.2%, and a prevalence of thyroid hypoechogenicity of 5.7% were observed in schoolchildren. The percentage of neonatal TSH values >5.0 mIU/L resulted still higher (5.1%) than the World Health Organization threshold of 3.0%, whereas the prescriptions of methimazole showed a reduction of 13.5%.

Conclusion

Fifteen years of iodine prophylaxis have led to iodine sufficiency in Italy, although there still is concern about iodine nutritional status during pregnancy.
Labor Analgesia Initiation With Dural Puncture Epidural Versus Conventional Epidural Techniques: A Randomized Biased-Coin Sequential Allocation Trial to Determine the Effective Dose for 90% of Patients of Bupivacaine
Authors: Maeda Ayumi , Villela-Franyutti Diego , Lumbreras-Marquez Mario I. , Murthy Anarghya , Fields Kara G. , Justice Samuel , Tsen Lawrence C.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

The dural puncture epidural (DPE) technique has a faster onset, better sacral spread, and improved bilateral coverage when compared to the conventional epidural (EPL) technique. Whether these qualities translate into a lower bupivacaine dose to provide initial analgesia is unknown. We sought to determine the effective dose of bupivacaine to achieve initial (first 30 minutes) labor analgesia in 90% of patients (ED90) with the DPE and EPL techniques, using a biased-coin, sequential allocation method.

METHODS:

A total of 100 women of mixed parity with term, singleton gestation at ≤5 cm dilation with no major comorbidities were randomized to receive a DPE or an EPL technique. An experienced anesthesiologist performed these techniques and administered an allocated dose of plain bupivacaine diluted with isotonic sterile 0.9% saline to a total volume of 20 mL via the EPL catheter. Bupivacaine doses for each subject were determined by the response of the previous subject, using a biased-coin sequential allocation method, with success defined by a numeric rating scale (NRS) < 3 at 30 minutes. Outcome assessments were performed by an investigator blinded to the technique and bupivacaine dose. Sensory and motor blockade and maternal or fetal side effects were recorded every 5 minutes for the first 30 minutes. The ED90 of bupivacaine with each technique was estimated using centered isotonic regression.

RESULTS:

A total of 95 women were included in the final analysis. The ED90 of bupivacaine was estimated at 29.30 mg (90% confidence interval [CI], 28.55–31.56) with a DPE technique and 45.25 mg (90% CI, 42.80–52.03) with an EPL technique.

CONCLUSIONS:

Using a biased-coin, sequential allocation method, the DPE technique requires less bupivacaine to achieve effective initial analgesia (ED90) when compared to the EPL technique.
Cervical Vertebral Bone Quality Score Independently Predicts Distal Junctional Kyphosis After Posterior Cervical Fusion
Authors: Aguirre Alexander O. , Soliman Mohamed A. R. , Kuo Cathleen C. , Ruggiero Nicco , Im Justin , Chintaluru Yaswanth , Khan Ali M. A. , Khan Asham , Hess Ryan M. , Rho Kyungduk , Smolar David E. , Mullin Jeffrey P. , Pollina John
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Posterior cervical fusion is the surgery of choice when fusing long segments of the cervical spine. However, because of the limited presence of this pathology, there is a paucity of data in the literature about the postoperative complications of distal junctional kyphosis (DJK). We aimed to identify and report potential associations between the preoperative cervical vertebral bone quality (C-VBQ) score and the occurrence of DJK after posterior cervical fusion.

METHODS:

The authors retrospectively reviewed records of patients who underwent posterior cervical fusion at a single hospital between June 1, 2010, and May 31, 2020. Patient data were screened to include patients who were >18 years old, had baseline MRI, had baseline standing cervical X-ray, had immediate postoperative standing cervical X-ray, and had clinical and radiographic follow-ups of >1 year, including a standing cervical X-ray at least 1 year postoperatively. Univariate analysis was completed between DJK and non-DJK groups, with multivariate regression completed for relevant clinical variables. Simple linear regression was completed to analyze correlation between the C-VBQ score and total degrees of kyphosis angle change.

RESULTS:

Ninety-three patients were identified, of whom 19 (20.4%) had DJK and 74 (79.6%) did not. The DJK group had a significantly higher C-VBQ score than the non-DJK group (2.97 ± 0.40 vs 2.26 ± 0.46; P < .001). A significant, positive correlation was found between the C-VBQ score and the total degrees of kyphosis angle change (r2 = 0.26; P < .001). On multivariate analysis, the C-VBQ score independently predicted DJK (odds ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.27-1.67; P < .001).

CONCLUSION:

We found that the C-VBQ score was an independent predictive factor of DJK after posterior cervical fusion.
Outcomes of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases in the Motor Cortex
Authors: Prasad Shefalika , Alzate Juan Diego , Mullen Reed , Bernstein Kenneth , Qu Tanxia , Silverman Joshua , Kondziolka Douglas
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To study the clinical, imaging, and survival outcomes in patients with motor cortex brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

METHODS:

Imaging and clinical data were obtained from our prospective patient registry. Tumor volumes were obtained from serial imaging data.

RESULTS:

The outcomes of 208 patients with metastases involving the motor cortex who underwent SRS between 2012 and 2021 were analyzed. A total of 279 metastases (0.01 cm3-12.18 cm3, mean 0.74 cm3) were irradiated. The SRS margin dose varied from 10 to 20 Gy (mean 16.9 Gy). The overall tumor control rate was 97.8%. Perilesional edema was noted in 69 (25%) tumors at presentation. Adverse radiation effects (ARE) were noted in 6% of all tumors but were symptomatic in only 1.4%. Median time to appearance of symptomatic ARE was 8 months. Edema without ARE was observed in 13%. New focal seizures were noted in 5 patients (2%) and new generalized seizures in 1 patient (0.3%). Thirty-six patients (17%) presented with motor deficits. At final follow-up, 32 (85%) were improved or unchanged, 13 (41%) had a normal examination, 10 (31%) had mild deficits, and 9 (28%) still had moderate deficits. New remote brain metastases were found in 31% of patients at a median of 8 months. After treatment, the Karnofsky performance score distribution of the population showed an overall right shift and a median survival of 10 months. Patients with incidentally found brain metastases had significantly better survival than those presenting with deficits (median 13 vs 9 months) (P = .048). Absence of a neurological deficit, recursive partitioning analysis Class I and II, and dose >18 Gy were each associated with a significant survival advantage.

CONCLUSION:

SRS for motor cortex metastases is safe in most patients and effective in providing tumor control. Patients treated before neurological deficits develop show better outcomes.
Separation-of-function MCPH-associated mutations in CPAP affect centriole number and length
Authors: Jaiswal Sonal , Sanghi Srishti , Singh Priyanka
Published: October 2023

Centrioles are microtubule-based cylindrical ultrastructures characterized by their definite size and robustness. The molecular capping protein, CPAP (also known as CENPJ) engages its N-terminal region with the centriole microtubules to regulate their length. Nevertheless, the conserved C-terminal glycine-rich G-box of CPAP, which interacts with the centriole inner cartwheel protein STIL, is frequently mutated in primary microcephaly (MCPH) patients. Here, we show that two different MCPH-associated variants, E1235V and D1196N in the CPAP G-box, affect distinct functions at centrioles. The E1235V mutation reduces CPAP centriole recruitment and causes overly long centrioles. The D1196N mutation increases centriole numbers without affecting centriole localization. Both mutations prevent binding to STIL, which controls centriole duplication. Our work highlights the involvement of an alternative CEP152-dependent route for CPAP centriole localization. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that E1235V leads to an increase in G-box flexibility, which could have implications on its molecular interactions. Collectively, we demonstrate that a CPAP region outside the microtubule-interacting domains influences centriole number and length, which translates to spindle defects and reduced cell viability. Our work provides new insights into the molecular causes of primary microcephaly.
Evolution and divergence of teleost adrenergic receptors: why sometimes ‘the drugs don't work’ in fish
Authors: Joyce William , Warwicker Jim , Shiels Holly A. , Perry Steve F.
Published: October 2023

Adrenaline and noradrenaline, released as hormones and/or neurotransmitters, exert diverse physiological functions in vertebrates, and teleost fishes are widely used as model organisms to study adrenergic regulation; however, such investigations often rely on receptor subtype-specific pharmacological agents (agonists and antagonists; see Glossary) developed and validated in mammals. Meanwhile, evolutionary (phylogenetic and comparative genomic) studies have begun to unravel the diversification of adrenergic receptors (ARs) and reveal that whole-genome duplications and pseudogenization events in fishes results in notable distinctions from mammals in their genomic repertoire of ARs, while lineage-specific gene losses within teleosts have generated significant interspecific variability. In this Review, we visit the evolutionary history of ARs (including α1-, α2- and β-ARs) to highlight the prominent interspecific differences in teleosts, as well as between teleosts and other vertebrates. We also show that structural modelling of teleost ARs predicts differences in ligand binding affinity compared with mammalian orthologs. To emphasize the difficulty of studying the roles of different AR subtypes in fish, we collate examples from the literature of fish ARs behaving atypically compared with standard mammalian pharmacology. Thereafter, we focus on specific case studies of the liver, heart and red blood cells, where our understanding of AR expression has benefited from combining pharmacological approaches with molecular genetics. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing advances in ‘omics’ technologies that, alongside classical pharmacology, will provide abundant opportunities to further explore adrenergic signalling in teleosts.
Oxidative damage varies in response to bacterial, fungal and viral antigen challenges in bats
Authors: Costantini David , Schad Julia , Czirják Gábor Á. , Voigt Christian C.
Published: October 2023

The immune system plays an important role in defending against pathogens and regulating physiological homeostasis, but the strength of the immune responses depends on the type of pathogen. The immune system of bats shows a high variability in responsiveness towards various pathogens; they can safely harbor certain pathogens that are highly lethal to other mammals. Oxidative stress may act as a pathophysiological cellular mechanism mediating the immunological function of bats because of its potentially detrimental effects on physiological homeostasis, fertility and longevity. By experimentally exposing greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) to three antigens, it was previously shown that animals reacted immunologically most strongly to bacterial and viral antigens, but not to fungal ones. As a follow up, in this study we observed that both bacterial and fungal antigens induced a significant increase of plasma oxidative damage, whereas viral antigens did not cause any increase of plasma oxidative damage at all albeit the mild immune response. Thus, experimental bats were able to avoid oxidative stress only in the face of a viral antigen, possibly by dampening inflammatory signalling. Bats may be able to handle viral infections and live well beyond expectations by reducing the detrimental effects of molecular oxidation.
The genome sequence of the small wasp-sawfly, Tenthredo distinguenda (R. Stein, 1885)
Authors: Falk Steven , Green Andrew ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Tenthredo distinguenda (the small wasp-sawfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Tenthredinidae). The genome sequence is 229.4 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 9 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 31.6 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 11,332 protein coding genes.
Measures of puberty in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) offspring cohort
Authors: Golding Jean , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Northstone Kate , Fraser Abigail , Heron Jon
Published: October 2023

Background: When studying the development of children through the preteen years into adolescence, it is often important to link features of their physical and mental health to the stage of puberty at the time. This is complex since individuals vary substantially in the ages at which they reach different pubertal milestones.

Methods: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study based in southwest England that recruited over 14000 women in pregnancy, with expected dates of delivery between April 1991 and December 1992. From 1999, information on puberty was collected using a number of different methods : (a) A series of annual questionnaires were administered when the index children were aged between eight and 17 years; these were mainly concerned with the physical changes associated with puberty; (b) identification of the age at peak height growth using the SITAR methodology; and (c) retrospective information from the girls on their age at onset of menstruation (menarche).

Results: The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.

Conclusions: The data are available for analysis by interested researchers.
The genome sequence of the Yellow Horned, Achlya flavicornis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Phillips Dominic ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Achlya flavicornis (the Yellow Horned; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Drepanidae). The genome sequence is 444.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.34 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 17,588 protein coding genes.
The Shockwè trap: a human-baited exposure-free device for surveillance and behaviour studies of anthropophilic vectors
Authors: Kampango Ayubo , Smith Thomas A. , Abílio Ana Paula , Machoe Elias Alberto , Matusse Júlio Francisco , Pinto João , McCall Philip J.
Published: October 2023

Background: The human biting rate (MBR) and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) are common parameters routinely used to measure the risk of malaria transmission. Both parameters can be estimated using human landing catches (HLC). Although it is considered the gold-standard, HLC puts collectors at higher risk of infection with mosquito-transmitted pathogens. Methods: A novel exposure-free host-seeking mosquito electrocution trap, the Shockwè trap (SHK), was developed and its efficiency for monitoring mosquito community composition and abundance was compared with human landing catches (HLC) as the gold-standard. Field experiments were performed in Massavasse village, southern Mozambique. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor collections of nocturnal host-seeking mosquitoes were carried out using the SHK and HLC methods. The relative sampling efficiency of SHK was estimated as the ratio of the numbers of mosquitoes caught in SHK compared HLC. Proportionality and density-dependence between SHK and HLC catches were estimated by mean of Bayesian regression approaches. Results: A total of 69,758 and 27,359 host-seeking mosquitoes comprising nineteen species and four genera, were collected by HLC and SHK respectively. In general, SHK and HLC sampled similar numbers of mosquito species, with the exceptions of the least common species Aedes sudanensis, Ae. subargenteus, and Coquillettidia versicolor that were caught only by HLC. The relative sampling efficiency and proportionality between SHK and matched HLC catches varied greatly between species and collection site. However, all mosquitoes collected by SHK were unfed, confirming the Shockwè trap design’s performance and reliability as a successful mosquito exposure free sampling approach. Conclusions: Results demonstrate that SHK is a safe and reliable human-exposure free device for monitoring the occurrence of a wide range of mosquito, including major malaria and arboviruses vector species. However, improvements are needed to increase its sampling efficiency for less abundant mosquito species.
The genome sequence of the Feathered Ranunculus, Polymixis lichenea (Hübner, 1813)
Authors: Lees David C. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Polymixis lichenea (the Feathered Ranunculus; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 716.7 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.48 kilobases in length.
THE CONCEPT OF «GOODWILL», THE IMAGE AND REPUTATION OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Rudenko Maksim V.
Published: October 2023

The company’s value management strategy is currently noted by many financial analysts and managers as a particularly effective goal-setting tool, which makes it possible to take into account various aspects necessary for the competent management of the company. Goodwill is closely interrelated with such categories as reputation, image, prestige and goodwill – concepts used by various disciplines, for example, economics, marketing, sociology and accounting, to indicate the general position of organizations among their colleagues. Organizations, like individuals, have reputations that create consequences. There is a certain model of how an organization’s reputation is created, with special attention to the role of employee training in reputation formation. Scientists have repeatedly drawn attention to the impact of organizational reputation on the financial performance of the company, especially from the point of view of assessing business reputation. Employee training methods are defined as one of the ways in which the risks of damaging the reputation of an organization can be reduced – or enhanced.

Objective: to study the relationship of the categories “goodwill”, image and reputation of the organization.

Method or methodology of the work: a set of research methods has been compiled, in particular such as: historical, comparative legal, formal logical, systematic, statistical, method of concrete sociological research, etc.

Results: The essential aspects concerning the concepts of “goodwill”, the image and reputation of the organization were considered, and their interrelation was also indicated. Attention is focused on the importance of these elements in the conditions of globalization and digitalization.

Scope of the results: the results of this work can be applied in the areas of organization management and management, as well as strategic development management.
FINANCIAL SERVICES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Trunina Oksana Yu.
Published: October 2023

The trend towards digitalization of all spheres of public life has also affected the economic sector. The needs and requests of customers of banks and other financial organizations are changing. An increasing number of consumers are choosing remote interaction instead of personal contact. Such changes put the financial services sector in front of the need for a comprehensive transformation of business processes in the direction of information technology. The relevance of the work lies in the widespread distribution of remote channels that simplify the process of obtaining financial services. The article discusses the main trends in the digitalization of the financial services sector and the factors contributing to such changes.

The purpose of the study: to consider the main trends in the digitalization of the financial services sector and the factors contributing to such changes.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of this study is the analysis of regulatory documentation, classification, generalization.

Results: recommendations were developed and given to ensure the availability of financial products and services for the population and business, which in the future will contribute to sustainable development and increase the competitiveness of the financial sector.

Practical implications: the results obtained can be used as a basis for the development of strategies for the introduction of digital technologies in financial organizations.
STATE INDUSTRY POLICY IN THE FIELD OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF INFORMATION PRODUCTS AT AVIATION INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
Authors: Stroev Vladimir V. , Tikhonov Alexey I.
Published: October 2023

In the research article, the authors consider the main proposals for the implementation of the state sectoral policy in the field of import substitution of information technologies and systems (ITiS) at high-tech enterprises in the aircraft industry in modern innovative and financial conditions. For this, the main features of aircraft manufacturing enterprises that are part of the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) were considered from the point of view of automating their typical business processes, where the implementation of the state industry policy in the field of import substitution is supposed to be implemented. The authors carried out an organizational and economic analysis of the Russian ITiS market, as well as formulated the main measures and procedures that should be implemented at high-tech aircraft manufacturing enterprises within the framework of the state sectoral policy in the field of import substitution. The article also considers an example of the implementation of the Russian information system in the development of a project for the automation of production accounting at the head enterprise of the UAC as part of the implementation of this policy.

Purpose – determination of methods and techniques for automating typical business processes of aircraft manufacturing enterprises through the use of domestic information technologies and systems as part of the implementation of the state industry policy in the field of import substitution of information and communication technologies.

Methodology. The article used methods of empirical research, information-logical and expert methods, as well as methods of analogy and comparison.

Results. The most informative parameters were obtained, showing the economic feasibility and effectiveness of the introduction of domestic information technologies and systems at aircraft manufacturing enterprises as part of the implementation of the state sectoral policy in the field of import substitution of information and communication technologies.

Practical implications. The obtained results should be applied not only at the enterprises of the UAC aircraft industry, but also at the enterprises of other high-tech industries of the State Corporation Rostec, where automation of the main standard business processes is an important component of their further development.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Sakhnyuk Pavel A. , Sakhnyuk Tatyana I.
Published: October 2023

The article proposes the integration of neural networks as a parallel element base in telecommunications systems. In this case, their main advantage, the ability to self-study or adapt to external conditions, will be used. For telecommunication systems in conditions of interference, this ability will significantly increase their noise immunity, reliability, operability, etc. The article considers an example of integration of a neural network into a discrete matched signal filter. It is noted that the use of parallel mathematics in signal processing, such as a system of residual classes, will lead to the maximum effect of increasing the quality parameters of such elements of telecommunications.

Purpose – introduction to neural networks; application of neural networks in digital filtering; possible directions of integration of neural network technologies.

Method or methodology of the work: harmonic analysis, Fourier transform, correlation analysis were used in the article.

Results: The introduction of mass parallelism in telecommunications becomes feasible when integrating neural networks into telecommunication elements. The efficiency becomes maximum when using simultaneously parallel mathematics of the system of residual classes

Practical implications: the use of parallel mathematics in signal processing, such as a system of residual classes, will lead to the maximum effect of increasing the quality parameters of such elements of telecommunications.
CLIMATE AGENDA AND ITS CONSIDERATION BY THE CIRCUMPOLAR WORLD COMPANIES
Authors: Karginova-Gubinova Valentina V.
Published: October 2023

The high ecological footprint of Arctic companies, primarily from the extraction of resources, coupled with the particular exposure of the circumpolar world to the risks of climate change determines the need for a special environmental policy in the Arctic that takes into account both national and regional challenges. The paper shows the differentiation of the Arctic strategies and environmental policies of various states. Based on the statistical analysis of indicators and content analysis of non-financial reports of the largest companies in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the priorities of the corporate policy in the field of sustainable development were established, and they were compared with Russian companies in general. The increase in the degree of consideration of the climate agenda by companies in the circumpolar world and insufficient actions in other areas of greening were shown. Recommendations to ensure the complex environmental safety of the circumpolar world were formulated.

Purpose: to determine the degree to which the climate agenda is taken into account by circumpolar world companies as part of their environmental policy (using the example of business entities operating in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation).

Methodology and method: the study is based on the methodology of neo-positivism, applied statistics and content analysis were used.

Results: the increasing degree of consideration of the climate agenda by the circumpolar world companies as well as the insufficiency of their actions in other areas of greening were shown.

The scope of the results: the recommendations made are of interest to state and municipal authorities to improve the effectiveness of policy in the field of sustainable development of the Arctic territories.
FORECASTING THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL AND ENERGY RESOURCES FOR MILITARY UNITS IN THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Nikitin Yuri A. , Kuznetsova Victoria N.
Published: October 2023

The Russian Arctic is one of the promising economic zones with a rich supply of natural resources. In a world in which territorial divisions, ideological rivalries, ethnic intolerance, and even nuclear proliferation can theoretically be normalized without the use of military force, it is the wealth of energy resources that remains the last casus belli that can lead to catastrophic consequences. That is why the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are faced with the task of protecting state sovereignty and maintaining security in the Arctic zone. To maintain the combat capability and readiness of a military facility, it is necessary to maintain stocks of fuel and energy resources at the required level. Forecasting the consumption of fuel and energy resources is the most important task. This methodology takes into account factors of various types: periodic (cyclical) and random, including those inherent in military production. All factors affect energy consumption to varying degrees.

Cyclical factors are the most predictable and have a greater impact on the consumption of fuel and energy resources. Although random factors occupy a small share in the process of energy consumption, the amplitude of deviations can be quite significant.

The methodology makes it possible to determine the consumption of fuel and energy resources in the context of the increasing complexity of the relationship between the economy and energy and the growing uncertainty of the future development of military units and military bases in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation based on the applied stochastic differential equation.

Purpose. Develop a methodology for forecasting the consumption of fuel and energy resources for military units in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

Methodology in article economic-mathematical methods, and also statistical methods.

Results: the most informative parameters were obtained, showing some aspects of the process of forecasting the consumption of fuel and energy resources.

Scope of the results: it is advisable to apply the results obtained in the apartment-operational subdivisions of the logistics management bodies of the military districts to obtain predicted values of the consumption of fuel and energy resources (TER)at military infrastructure facilities (military camps).

Practical implications it is expedient to apply the received results the economic subjects which are carrying out foreign economic activity, one of which elements are export operations.
The Mid-Second Millennium a.d. Submerged Iron Production Village of Pontada in Lake Matano, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Adhityatama Shinatria , Triwurjani Triwurjani , Yurnaldi Dida , Wahyudiono Joko , Ramadhan Ahmad Surya , Dhony Muslim Dimas Khoiru , Suryatman Suryatman , Abbas Abdullah , Darfin Darfin , Lukman Alqiz , Pratama Aldhi Wahyu , Bulbeck David
Published: October 2023

abstract: By the mid-second millennium a.d., Indonesians were already familiar with iron tools. One of Indonesia's main centers of iron production is the Lake Matano area in the hinterland of East Luwu, South Sulawesi, eastern Indonesia, renowned for its nickeliferous iron ore. Research in Lake Matano conducted during 2016–2022 succeeded in documenting a submerged village with remnants of an iron processing industry dating to the late first millennium a.d. In this article, we describe a second submerged site associated with processing iron, which included forged iron implements. Occupation at this site, called Pontada, is dated to between the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries a.d., before the site sank beneath the surface of Lake Matano. Written and archaeological evidence suggests that its antiquity corresponds to when the empire of Majapahit in eastern Java imported nickeliferous iron from Lake Matano and traded it throughout coastal Luwu.
The Correction
Authors: Keeble John
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The Fall 2023 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Fall 2023 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features prose by Anthony David, Parul Kapur, John Keeble, Diane Hinton Perry, Austin Woerner, Nafis Shafizadeh, Wiam El-Tamami, Jamie Lyn Smith, and Jim Shepard.
George and Henry and Sardari
Authors: Shafizadeh Nafis
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The Fall 2023 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Fall 2023 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features prose by Anthony David, Parul Kapur, John Keeble, Diane Hinton Perry, Austin Woerner, Nafis Shafizadeh, Wiam El-Tamami, Jamie Lyn Smith, and Jim Shepard.
Privilege
Authors: Shepard Jim
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The Fall 2023 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Fall 2023 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features prose by Anthony David, Parul Kapur, John Keeble, Diane Hinton Perry, Austin Woerner, Nafis Shafizadeh, Wiam El-Tamami, Jamie Lyn Smith, and Jim Shepard.