bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dextromethorphan/Bupropion: A Novel Oral NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) Receptor Antagonist with Multimodal Activity
Authors: Stahl Stephen M.
Published: September 2019

Although currently available antidepressants increase monoamine levels soon after the start of treatment, therapeutic benefits are often delayed by several weeks and the majority of patients with major depressive disorder fail to achieve an adequate response to first- or second-line therapies targeting monoamines. The recent approval of the NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) antagonist esketamine given intranasally for treatment-resistant depression has reinforced the need for agents with rapid onset with alternate mechanisms of action. Dextromethorphan/bupropion, an investigational medicine currently in development, is one such candidate.
Image-based 3D dosimetric studies with high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy of cervical cancer
Authors: Chakravarty N. , Semwal M. K. , Trivedi G. , Suhag V. , Jain M. , Sharma N. , Vashisth R. S.
Published: September 2019

Aim:

To study 2D and 3D dosimetric values for bladder and rectum, and the influence of bladder volume on bladder dose in high dose rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). The large patient data incorporated in this study would better represent the inherent variations in many parameters affecting dosimetry in HDR-ICBT.

Material and Methods:

We prospectively collected data for 103 consecutive cervical cancer patients (over 310 HDR fractions) undergoing CT-based HDR-ICBT at our centre. Correlation among bladder and rectum maximum volume doses and corresponding International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement (ICRU) point doses were estimated and analysed. Impact of bladder volume on bladder maximum dose was assessed.

Results:

The ICRU point doses to bladder and rectum varied from the volumetric doses to these organs. Further, bladder volume poorly correlated with bladder maximum dose for volume variations encountered in the clinical practice at our centre.

Findings:

ICRU point doses to bladder and rectum are less likely to correlate with long-term toxicities to these organs. Further, in clinical practice where inter-fraction bladder volume does not vary widely there is no correlation between bladder volume and bladder dose.
Analysis of data collected in the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Registry on a cohort of lymphoma patients receiving plerixafor
Authors: Sureda Anna , Chabannon Christian , Masszi Tamás , Pohlreich David , Scheid Christof , Thieblemont Catherine , Wahlin Björn E. , Sakellari Ioanna , Russell Nigel , Janikova Andrea , Dabrowska-Iwanicka Anna , Touzeau Cyrille , Esquirol Albert , Jantunen Esa , van der Werf Steffie , Bosman Paul , Boumendil Ariane , Liu Qianying , Celanovic Marina , Montoto Silvia , Dreger Peter
Published: September 2019

Plerixafor + granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is administered to patients with lymphoma who are poor mobilizers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in Europe. This international, multicenter, non-interventional registry study (NCT01362972) evaluated long-term follow-up of patients with lymphoma who received plerixafor for HSC mobilization versus other mobilization methods. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance baseline characteristics between comparison groups. The following mobilization regimens were compared: G-CSF + plerixafor (G + P) versus G-CSF alone; G + P versus G-CSF + chemotherapy (G + C); and G-CSF + plerixafor + chemotherapy (G + P + C) versus G + C. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR). Overall, 313/3749 (8.3%) eligible patients were mobilized with plerixafor-containing regimens. After propensity score matching, 70 versus 36 patients were matched in the G + P versus G-CSF alone cohort, 124 versus 124 in the G + P versus G + C cohort, and 130 versus 130 in the G + P + C versus G + C cohort. For both PFS and OS, the upper bound of confidence interval for the hazard ratio was >1.3 for all comparisons, implying that non-inferiority was not demonstrated. No major differences in PFS, OS, and CIR were observed between the plerixafor and comparison groups.
In vivo detection of programmed cell death during mouse heart development
Authors: Martínez-Lagunas Kristel , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi , Becker Cora , Geisen Caroline , DeRuiter Marco C. , Miura Masayuki , Fleischmann Bernd K. , Hesse Michael
Published: September 2019

Despite the great progress on the cell biology of programmed cell death (PCD), its incidence and exact time course during embryonic and particular heart development are still unclear. This is also due to the lack of models enabling to directly identify and monitor PCD cells at different time points in vivo. Herein we report generation of transgenic murine embryonic stem cell and mouse models expressing secreted Annexin V-YFP under control of the CAG promoter. This enables to visualize and quantify PCD in vitro and in vivo during embryonic development. At early embryonic stages we found Annexin V-YFP+ fluorescent cells in known areas of PCD, such as the otic ring and at the site of neural tube closing, underscoring its specificity for detection of PCD. We have focused our detailed analysis primarily on PCD in the embryonic heart for a better understanding of its role during development. Our findings reveal that PCD peaks at early stages of cardiogenesis (E9.5–E13.5) and strongly decreases thereafter. Moreover, the PCD cells in the heart are predominantly cardiomyocytes, and an unexpected area of prominent cardiac PCD are the ventricular trabeculae (E9.5–E14.5). Thus, the sA5-YFP mouse line provides novel insight into the incidence and relevance of cardiac PCD during embryonic development ex- and in vivo.
Large triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in hypertriglyceridemia are associated with the severity of acute pancreatitis in experimental mice
Authors: Zhang Yue , He Wenhua , He Cong , Wan Jianhua , Lin Xiao , Zheng Xi , Li Lei , Li Xueyang , Yang Xiaoyu , Yu Bingjun , Xian Xunde , Zhu Yin , Wang Yuhui , Liu George , Lu Nonghua
Published: September 2019

Hypertriglyceridemia severity is linked to acute pancreatitis prognosis, but it remains unknown why a portion of severe hypertriglyceridemia patients do not develop severe acute pancreatitis. To investigate whether hypertriglyceridemia subtypes affect acute pancreatitis progression, we analyzed two genetically modified hypertriglyceridemia mouse models—namely, glycosylphosphatidylinositol high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 knockout (Gpihbp1−/−) and apolipoprotein C3 transgenic (ApoC3-tg) mice. Acute pancreatitis was induced by 10 intraperitoneal caerulein injections. Biochemical assays and pathological analysis were performed for the severity evaluation of acute pancreatitis. Plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), including chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), were collected via ultracentrifugation to evaluate their cytotoxic effects on primary pancreatic acinar cells (PACs). We found that the particle sizes of Gpihbp1−/− TRLs were larger than ApoC3-tg TRLs. Severe pancreatic injury with large areas of pancreatic necrosis in the entire lobule was induced in Gpihbp1−/− mice when plasma triglyceride levels were greater than 2000 mg/dL. However, ApoC3-tg mice with the same triglyceride levels did not develop large areas of pancreatic necrosis, even upon the administration of poloxamer 407 to further increase triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, in the acute pancreatitis model, free fatty acids (FFAs) in the pancreas of Gpihbp1−/− mice were greater than in ApoC3-tg mice. TRLs from Gpihbp1−/− mice released more FFAs and were more toxic to PACs than those from ApoC3-tg mice. Chylomicrons from patients showed the same effects on PACs as TRLs from Gpihbp1−/− mice. Gpihbp1−/− mice with triglyceride levels below 2000 mg/dL had milder pancreatic injury and less incidence of pancreatic necrosis than those with triglyceride levels above 2000 mg/dL, similar to Gpihbp1−/−mice with triglyceride levels above 2000 mg/dL but with fenofibrate administration. These findings demonstrated that hypertriglyceridemia subtypes with large TRL particles could affect acute pancreatitis progression and that chylomicrons showed more cytotoxicity than VLDL by releasing more FFAs.
BK ablation attenuates osteoblast bone formation via integrin pathway
Authors: Wang Yinhang , Guo Qiang , Hei Hongya , Tao Jie , Zhou Yi , Dong Jibin , Xin Hong , Cai Hui , Gao Jianjun , Yu Ker , Reilly Svetlana , Yin Peihao , Zhang Xuemei
Published: September 2019

Impaired bone formation is one of the major causes of low bone mass and skeletal fragility that occurs in osteoporosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the defects in bone formation are not well understood. Here, we report that big conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKs) are required for bone formation and osteoblast function both in vivo and in vitro. By 15 weeks of age, BK knockout (BKO) mice exhibited a decline in bone mineral density and trabecular bone volume of the tibiae and lumbar vertebrae, which were associated with impaired bone formation and osteoblast activity. Mechanistically, BK ablation in bone and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of BKO mice inhibited integrin signaling. Furthermore, the binding of α subunit of BK with integrin β1 protein in osteoblasts was confirmed, and FAK-ERK1/2 signaling was proved to be involved by genetic modification of KCNMA1 (which encodes the α subunit of BK) in ROS17/2.8 osteoblast cells. These findings indicated that BK regulates bone formation by promoting osteoblast differentiation via integrin pathway, which provided novel insight into ion transporter crosstalk with the extracellular matrix in osteoblast regulation and revealed a new potential strategy for intervention in correcting bone formation defects.
One byte at a time: evidencing the quality of clinical service next-generation sequencing for germline and somatic variants
Authors: Gutowska-Ding Maria Weronika , Deans Zandra C. , Roos Christophe , Matilainen Jukka , Khawaja Farrah , Brügger Kim , Ahn Jo Wook , Boustred Christopher , Patton Simon J.
Published: September 2019

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is replacing other molecular techniques to become the de facto gene diagnostics approach, transforming the speed of diagnosis for patients and expanding opportunities for precision medicine. Consequently, for accredited laboratories as well as those seeking accreditation, both objective measures of quality and external review of laboratory processes are required. External quality assessment (EQA), or Proficiency Testing (PT), can assess a laboratory’s service through an independent external agency, the EQA provider. The analysis of a growing number of genes and whole exome and genomes is now routine; therefore, an EQA must be delivered to enable all testing laboratories to participate. In this paper, we describe the development of a unique platform and gene target independent EQA scheme for NGS, designed to scale from current to future requirements of clinical diagnostic laboratories testing for germline and somatic variants. The EQA results from three annual rounds indicate that clinical diagnostic laboratories are providing an increasingly high-quality NGS service and variant calling abilities are improving. From an EQA provider perspective, challenges remain regarding delivery and performance criteria, as well as in analysing similar NGS approaches between cohorts with meaningful metrics, sample sourcing and data formats.
Differential regulation of OCT4 targets facilitates reacquisition of pluripotency
Authors: Thakurela Sudhir , Sindhu Camille , Yurkovsky Evgeny , Riemenschneider Christina , Smith Zachary D. , Nachman Iftach , Meissner Alexander
Published: September 2019

Ectopic transcription factor expression enables reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency, albeit with generally low efficiency. Despite steady progress in the field, the exact molecular mechanisms that coordinate this remarkable transition still remain largely elusive. To better characterize the final steps of pluripotency induction, we optimized an experimental system where pluripotent stem cells are differentiated for set intervals before being reintroduced to pluripotency-supporting conditions. Using this approach, we identify a transient period of high-efficiency reprogramming where ectopic transcription factors, but not serum/LIF alone, rapidly revert cells to pluripotency with near 100% efficiency. After this period, cells reprogram with somatic-like kinetics and efficiencies. We identify a set of OCT4 boundcis-regulatory elements that are dynamically regulated during this transient phase and appear central to facilitating reprogramming. Interestingly, these regions remain hypomethylated during in vitro and in vivo differentiation, which may allow them to act as primary targets of ectopically induced factors during somatic cell reprogramming.
Constitutive XBP-1s-mediated activation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response protects against pathological tau
Authors: Waldherr Sarah M. , Strovas Timothy J. , Vadset Taylor A. , Liachko Nicole F. , Kraemer Brian C.
Published: September 2019

To endure over the organismal lifespan, neurons utilize multiple strategies to achieve protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Some homeostatic mechanisms act in a subcellular compartment-specific manner, but others exhibit trans-compartmental mechanisms of proteostasis. To identify pathways protecting neurons from pathological tau protein, we employed a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of human tauopathy exhibiting proteostatic disruption. We show normal functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER) promotes clearance of pathological tau, and loss of the three UPRER branches differentially affects tauopathy phenotypes. Loss of function of xbp-1 and atf-6 genes, the two main UPRER transcription factors, exacerbates tau toxicity. Furthermore, constitutive activation of master transcription factor XBP-1 ameliorates tauopathy phenotypes. However, both ATF6 and PERK branches of the UPRER participate in amelioration of tauopathy by constitutively active XBP-1, possibly through endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Understanding how the UPRER modulates pathological tau accumulation will inform neurodegenerative disease mechanisms.
Abl family tyrosine kinases govern IgG extravasation in the skin in a murine pemphigus model
Authors: Ono Sachiko , Egawa Gyohei , Nomura Takashi , Kitoh Akihiko , Dainichi Teruki , Otsuka Atsushi , Nakajima Saeko , Amagai Masayuki , Matsumoto Fumi , Yamamoto Mami , Kubota Yoshiaki , Takai Toshiyuki , Honda Tetsuya , Kabashima Kenji
Published: September 2019

The pathway of homeostatic IgG extravasation is not fully understood, in spite of its importance for the maintenance of host immunity, the management of autoantibody-mediated disorders, and the use of antibody-based biologics. Here we show in a murine model of pemphigus, a prototypic cutaneous autoantibody-mediated disorder, that blood-circulating IgG extravasates into the skin in a time- and dose-dependent manner under homeostatic conditions. This IgG extravasation is unaffected by depletion of Fcγ receptors, but is largely attenuated by specific ablation of dynamin-dependent endocytic vesicle formation in blood endothelial cells (BECs). Among dynamin-dependent endocytic vesicles, IgG co-localizes well with caveolae in cultured BECs. An Abl family tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, which reduces caveolae-mediated endocytosis, impairs IgG extravasation in the skin and attenuates the murine pemphigus manifestations. Our study highlights the kinetics of IgG extravasation in vivo, which might be a clue to understand the pathological mechanism of autoantibody-mediated autoimmune disorders.
The bracteatus pineapple genome and domestication of clonally propagated crops
Authors: Chen Li-Yu , VanBuren Robert , Paris Margot , Zhou Hongye , Zhang Xingtan , Wai Ching Man , Yan Hansong , Chen Shuai , Alonge Michael , Ramakrishnan Srividya , Liao Zhenyang , Liu Juan , Lin Jishan , Yue Jingjing , Fatima Mahpara , Lin Zhicong , Zhang Jisen , Huang Lixian , Wang Hao , Hwa Teh-Yang , Kao Shu-Min , Choi Jae Young , Sharma Anupma , Song Jian , Wang Lulu , Yim Won C. , Cushman John C. , Paull Robert E. , Matsumoto Tracie , Qin Yuan , Wu Qingsong , Wang Jianping , Yu Qingyi , Wu Jun , Zhang Shaoling , Boches Peter , Tung Chih-Wei , Wang Ming-Li , Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge Geo , Sanewski Garth M. , Purugganan Michael D. , Schatz Michael C. , Bennetzen Jeffrey L. , Lexer Christian , Ming Ray
Published: September 2019

Domestication of clonally propagated crops such as pineapple from South America was hypothesized to be a ‘one-step operation’. We sequenced the genome ofAnanas comosusvar.bracteatusCB5 and assembled 513 Mb into 25 chromosomes with 29,412 genes. Comparison of the genomes of CB5, F153 and MD2 elucidated the genomic basis of fiber production, color formation, sugar accumulation and fruit maturation. We also resequenced 89Ananasgenomes. Cultivars ‘Smooth Cayenne’ and ‘Queen’ exhibited ancient and recent admixture, while ‘Singapore Spanish’ supported a one-step operation of domestication. We identified 25 selective sweeps, including a strong sweep containing a pair of tandemly duplicated bromelain inhibitors. Four candidate genes for self-incompatibility were linked in F153, but were not functional in self-compatible CB5. Our findings support the coexistence of sexual recombination and a one-step operation in the domestication of clonally propagated crops. This work guides the exploration of sexual and asexual domestication trajectories in other clonally propagated crops.
A lysosome specific theranostic NO donor inhibits cancer cells by stimuli responsive molecular self-decomposition with an on-demand fluorescence pattern
Authors: Hua Wuyang , Zhao Jian , Wang Xinyi , Pei Sinan , Gou Shaohua
Published: September 2019

Mo-Nap-NO releases NO into lysosomes and activates an endogenous apoptosis pathway after being triggered by 460 nm light irradiation.
A novel highly sensitive fluorescent probe for bioimaging biothiols and its applications in distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells
Authors: Zhu Hanchuang , Zhang Hanming , Liang Changxu , Liu Caiyun , Jia Pan , Li Zilu , Yu Yamin , Zhang Xue , Zhu Baocun , Sheng Wenlong
Published: September 2019

The efficient discrimination of cancer cells from normal cells was achieved with a novel highly sensitive biothiol-specific fluorescent probe.
A long-life Li–CO2 battery employing a cathode catalyst of cobalt-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes derived from a Prussian blue analogue
Authors: Song Li , Wang Tao , Wu Chao , Fan Xiaoli , He Jianping
Published: September 2019

Co–N-CNTs were synthesized by subjecting a Prussian blue analogue to an annealing treatment and were employed as an efficient catalyst for a Li–CO2 battery.
Evaporation-driven manipulation of nanoscale brickwork structures for the design of 1D, 2D, and 3D microarrays of rectangular building blocks
Authors: Imai Hiroaki , Matsumoto Riho , Takasaki Mihiro , Tsukiyama Keishi , Sawano Keisuke , Nakagawa Yoshitaka
Published: September 2019

As children play with wooden building blocks, we would like to construct elaborate architectures through the one-by-one accumulation of nanocrystals.
Comparative study of PFAS treatment by UV, UV/ozone, and fractionations with air and ozonated air
Authors: Dai Xiaodong , Xie Zongli , Dorian Brian , Gray Stephen , Zhang Jianhua
Published: September 2019

Conducted using multifunctional equipment, this comparative study showed 95% PFAS removal achieved by ozonated air fractionation.
Preparation and antibacterial behaviour of nanostructured Ag@SiO2–penicillin with silver nanoplates
Authors: Malekzadeh Mahdieh , Yeung King Lun , Halali Mohammad , Chang Qing
Published: September 2019

Preparation of Ag@SiO2–penicillin NPs with superior synergistic and antibacterial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Facile synthesis of a 3D flower-like SiO2-MOF architecture with copper oxide as a copper source for enantioselective capture
Authors: Li Xinglin , Gao Yu , Wang Cuijie , Cui Jiting , Yu Ajuan , Zhang Shusheng
Published: September 2019

Facile synthesis of a 3D flower-like SiO2–CuLBH architecture with copper oxide as a copper source for enantioselective capture.
Enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of spiropyrazolones via an organocatalytic [1 + 2 + 3] multicomponent reaction
Authors: Ji Yan-Ling , Li He-Ping , Ai Yue-Yan , Li Guo , He Xiang-Hong , Huang Wei , Huang Rui-Zhen , Han Bo
Published: September 2019

An asymmetric catalytic [1 + 2 + 3] multicomponent reaction of malononitrile, benzaldehyde and α-arylidene pyrazolinones to produce spiropyrazolones in high yields, with excellent enantioselectivities and good diastereoselectivities.
Pd-Catalyzed multicomponent reaction of sulfonyl azides, primary amines and methyl α-isocyanoacetates: highly efficient synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazolone derivatives
Authors: Wang Fei , Xu Pei , Liu Bei-Bei , Wang Shun-Yi , Ji Shun-Jun
Published: September 2019

A highly efficient Pd-catalyzed multicomponent reaction of sulfonyl azides, primary amines and methyl α-isocyanoacetates was developed.
5-Bromo-norborn-2-en-7-one derivatives as a carbon monoxide source for palladium catalyzed carbonylation reactions
Authors: Payne China M. , Cho Kyulee , Larsen David S.
Published: September 2019

Norbornenone (5b), obtained from the reaction of 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone dimer (3) with bromomaleic anhydride (4b), provides an excellent base-triggered source of carbon monoxide for palladium-catalysed carbonylation reactions.
Tuning the bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6 through dilute tin alloying
Authors: Lindquist Kurt P. , Mack Stephanie A. , Slavney Adam H. , Leppert Linn , Gold-Parker Aryeh , Stebbins Jonathan F. , Salleo Alberto , Toney Michael F. , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Karunadasa Hemamala I.
Published: September 2019

Sn alloying tunes a halide double perovskite to absorb visible light, in a nontoxic composition.
Tuning symmetry breaking charge separation in perylene bichromophores by conformational control
Authors: Aster Alexander , Licari Giuseppe , Zinna Francesco , Brun Elodie , Kumpulainen Tatu , Tajkhorshid Emad , Lacour Jérôme , Vauthey Eric
Published: September 2019

Varying the structure of perylene-based dimers allows tuning the excited state from an excimer to a charge-separated state.
Physical parameters of red supergiants in dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Group
Authors: Britavskiy N. E. , Bonanos A. Z. , Herrero A. , Cerviño M. , García-Álvarez D. , Boyer M. L. , Masseron T. , Mehner A. , McQuinn K. B. W.
Published: September 2019

Context. Increasing the statistics of evolved massive stars in the Local Group enables investigating their evolution at different metallicities. During the late stages of stellar evolution, the physics of some phenomena, such as episodic and systematic mass loss, are not well constrained. For example, the physical properties of red supergiants (RSGs) in different metallicity regimes remain poorly understood. Thus, we initiated a systematic study of RSGs in dwarf irregular galaxies (dIrrs) in the Local Group.

Aims. We aim to derive the fundamental physical parameters of RSGs and characterize the RSG population in nearby dIrrs.

Methods. The target selection is based on 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm photometry from archival Spitzer Space Telescope images of nearby galaxies. We selected 46 targets in the dIrrs IC 10, IC 1613, Sextans B, and the Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM) galaxy that we observed with the GTC–OSIRIS and VLT–FORS2 instruments. We used several photometric techniques together with a spectral energy distribution analysis to derive the luminosities and effective temperatures of known and newly discovered RSGs.

Results. We identified and spectroscopically confirmed 4 new RSGs, 5 previously known RSGs, and 5 massive asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We added known objects from previous observations. In total, we present spectral classification and fundamental physical parameters of 25 late-type massive stars in the following dIrrs: Sextans A, Sextans B, IC 10, IC 1613, Pegasus, Phoenix, and WLM. This includes 17 RSGs and 8 AGB stars that have been identified here and previously.

Conclusions. Based on our observational results and PARSEC evolutionary models, we draw the following conclusions: (i) a trend to higher minimum effective temperatures at lower metallicities and (ii) the maximum luminosity of RSGs appears to be constant at log(L/L⊙)≈5.5, independent of the metallicity of the host environment (up to [Fe/H] ≈ −1 dex).
A first quantification of the effects of absorption for H I intensity mapping experiments
Authors: Roychowdhury Sambit , Dickinson Clive , Browne Ian W. A.
Published: September 2019

Context. HI intensity mapping (IM) will be used to do precision cosmology, using many existing and upcoming radio observatories. It will measure the integrated HI 21 cm emission signal from “voxels” of the sky at different redshifts. The signal will be contaminated due to absorption, the largest component of which will be the flux absorbed by the HI emitting sources themselves from the potentially bright flux incident on them from background radio continuum sources.

Aims. We, for the first time, provide a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of the absorbed flux compared to the emitted HI flux. The ratio of the two fluxes was calculated for various voxels placed at redshifts between 0.1 and 2.5.

Methods. We used a cosmological sky simulation of the atomic HI emission line, and summed over the emitted and absorbed fluxes for all sources within voxels at different redshifts. In order to determine the absorbed flux, for each HI source the flux incident from background radio continuum sources was estimated by determining the numbers, sizes, and redshift distribution of radio continuum sources that lie behind it, based on existing observations and simulations. The amount of this incident flux that is absorbed by each HI source was calculated using a relation between integrated optical depth with HI column density determined using observations of damped Lyman-α systems (DLAs) and sub-DLAs.

Results. We find that for the same co-moving volume of sky, the HI emission decreases quickly with increasing redshift, while the absorption varies much less with redshift and follows the redshift distribution of faint sources that dominate the number counts of radio continuum sources. This results in the fraction of absorption compared to emission to be negligible in the nearby Universe (up to a redshift of ∼0.5), increases to about 10% at a redshift of one, and continues to increase to about 30% up to a redshift of 2.5. These numbers can vary significantly due to the uncertainty on the exact form of the following relations: firstly, the number counts of radio continuum sources at sub-mJy flux densities; secondly, the relation between integrated optical depth and HI column density of HI sources; and thirdly, the redshift distribution of radio continuum sources up to the highest redshifts.

Conclusions. Absorption of the flux incident from background radio continuum sources might become an important contaminant to HI IM signals beyond redshifts of 0.5. The impact of absorption needs to be quantified more accurately using inputs from upcoming deep surveys of radio continuum sources, H I absorption, and HI emission with the Square Kilometre Array and its precursors.
Asymmetric shocks in χ Cygni observed with linear spectropolarimetry
Authors: López Ariste A. , Tessore B. , Carlín E. S. , Mathias Ph. , Lèbre A. , Morin J. , Petit P. , Aurière M. , Gillet D. , Herpin F.
Published: September 2019

Aims. We derive information about the dynamics of the stellar photosphere, including pulsation, from a coherent interpretation of the linear polarisation detected in the spectral lines of the Mira star χ Cyg.

Methods. From spectropolarimetric observations of χ Cyg, we performed a careful analysis of the polarisation signals observed in atomic and molecular lines, both in absorption and emission, using radiative transfer in the context of polarisation produced through two mechanisms: intrinsic polarisation and continuum depolarisation. We also explain the observed line doubling phenomenon in terms of an expanding shell in spherical geometry, which allows us to pinpoint the coordinates over the stellar disc with enhanced polarisation.

Results. We find that the polarised spectrum of χ Cyg is dominated by intrinsic polarisation and has a negligible continuum depolarisation. The observed polarised signals can only be explained by assuming that this polarisation is locally enhanced by velocity fields. During the pulsation, radial velocities are not homogeneous over the disc. We map these regions of enhanced velocities.

Conclusions. We set an algorithm to distinguish the origin of this polarisation in any stellar spectra of linear polarisation and to find a way to increase the signal by coherently adding many lines with an appropriated weight. Applied to the Mira star χ Cyg, we reached the unexpected result that during the pulsation, velocities are radial but not homogeneous over the disc. The reason for these local velocity enhancements are probably related to the interplay between the atmospheric pulsation dynamics and the underlying stellar convection.
Minimization of non-common path aberrations at the Palomar telescope using a self-coherent camera
Authors: Galicher R. , Baudoz P. , Delorme J.-R. , Mawet D. , Bottom M. , Wallace J. K. , Serabyn E. , Shelton C.
Published: September 2019

Context. The two main advantages of exoplanet imaging are the discovery of objects in the outer part of stellar systems, which constrains the models of planet formation, and its ability to spectrally characterize the planets to study their atmospheres. It is, however, challenging because exoplanets are up to 1010 times fainter than their stars and are separated by a fraction of an arcsecond. Current instruments like SPHERE-VLT or GPI-Gemini detect young and massive planets only because of non-common path aberrations (NCPA) that are not corrected by the adaptive optics system. To probe fainter exoplanets a new instruments capable of minimizing the NCPA is needed. One solution is the self-coherent camera (SCC) focal plane wavefront sensor which is able to attenuate the starlight by factors of up to several 108 in the laboratory in space-like conditions.

Aims. In this paper, we demonstrate the SCC on the sky for the first time.

Methods. We installed an SCC on the stellar double coronagraph instrument at the Hale telescope. We minimize the NCPA that limited the vortex coronagraph performance. We then compared this procedure to the standard procedure used at Palomar.

Results. On internal sources, we demonstrated that the SCC improves the coronagraphic detection limit by a factor of 4–20 between 1.5 and 5 λ/D. Using this SCC calibration, the on-sky contrast is improved by a factor of 5 between 2 and 4 λ/D. These results prove the ability of the SCC to be implemented in an existing instrument.

Conclusions. This paper highlights two interests of the self-coherent camera. First, the SCC can minimize the speckle intensity in the field of view, especially the ones that are very close to the star where many exoplanets are to be discovered. Then the SCC has a 100% efficiency with science time as each image can be used for both science and NCPA minimization.
Dust emissivity and absorption cross section in DustPedia late-type galaxies
Authors: Bianchi S. , Casasola V. , Baes M. , Clark C. J. R. , Corbelli E. , Davies J. I. , De Looze I. , De Vis P. , Dobbels W. , Galametz M. , Galliano F. , Jones A. P. , Madden S. C. , Magrini L. , Mosenkov A. , Nersesian A. , Viaene S. , Xilouris E. M. , Ysard N.
Published: September 2019

Aims. We compare the far-infrared to sub-millimetre dust emission properties measured in high Galactic latitude cirrus with those determined in a sample of 204 late-type DustPedia galaxies. The aim is to verify if it is appropriate to use Milky Way dust properties to derive dust masses in external galaxies.

Methods. We used Herschel observations and atomic and molecular gas masses to estimate ϵ(250 μm), the disc-averaged dust emissivity at 250 μm, and from this, the absorption cross section per H atom σ(250 μm) and per dust mass κ(250 μm). The emissivity ϵ(250 μm) requires one assumption, which is the CO-to-H2 conversion factor, and the dust temperature is additionally required for σ(250 μm); yet another constraint on the dust-to-hydrogen ratio D/H, depending on metallicity, is required for κ(250 μm).

Results. We find ϵ(250 μm) = 0.82 ± 0.07 MJy sr−1 (1020 H cm−2)−1 for galaxies with 4 <  F(250 μm)/F(500 μm) < 5. This depends only weakly on the adopted CO-to-H2 conversion factor. The value is almost the same as that for the Milky Way at the same colour ratio. Instead, for F(250 μm)/F(500 μm) > 6, ϵ(250 μm) is lower than predicted by its dependence on the heating conditions. The reduction suggests a variation in dust emission properties for spirals of earlier type, higher metallicity, and with a higher fraction of molecular gas. When the standard emission properties of Galactic cirrus are used for these galaxies, their dust masses might be underestimated by up to a factor of two. Values for σ(250 μm) and κ(250 μm) at the Milky Way metallicity are also close to those of the cirrus. Mild trends of the absorption cross sections with metallicity are found, although the results depend on the assumptions made.
Role of the external drivers in the occurrence of low-latitude ionospheric scintillation revealed by multi-scale analysis
Authors: Spogli Luca , Piersanti Mirko , Cesaroni Claudio , Materassi Massimo , Cicone Antonio , Alfonsi Lucilla , Romano Vincenzo , Ezquer Rodolfo Gerardo
Published: September 2019

We analyze the amplitude scintillation on L-band signals over San Miguel de Tucumán (Argentina), focusing on the multi-scale variability and speculating on the possible relationship between forcing factors from the geospace and the ionospheric response. The site is nominally located below the expected position of the southern crest of the Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA). For this scope, we concentrate on the period 1–31 March 2011, during which one minor and one moderate storm characterize the first half of the month, while generally quiet conditions of the geospace stand for the second half.

By leveraging on the Adaptive Local Iterative Filtering (ALIF) signal decomposition technique, we investigate the multi-scale properties of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) amplitude scintillation and helio-geophysical parameters, looking for possible cause-effect mechanisms relating the former to the latter. Namely, we identify resonant modes in the Akasofu (ε) parameter as likely related to the frequency components in the time evolution found for the amplitude scintillation index, hence modulating the scintillation itself.
Sumanene Hexaester: An Electron-Deficient Buckybowl
Authors: Toda Hideaki , Uetake Yuta , Yakiyama Yumi , Nakazawa Hironobu , Kajitani Takashi , Fukushima Takanori , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: September 2019

2,3,5,6,8,9-Hexakis(phenoxycarbonyl)sumanene, a hexa­substituted sumanene with CO2Ph groups at the peripheral aromatic carbons, was successfully prepared in good yield by Pd-catalyzed phenoxycarbonylation­ using a solvent of phenyl formate. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of this compound revealed the formation of a one-dimensional columnar structure, stacked in a staggered manner. The UV and emission spectra of this showed clear red-shifts compared with those of pristine sumanene, indicating the extension of the conjugation system.
Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Phosphine Sulfides
Authors: Wang Xian-Liang , Chen Jin-Xiang , Jia Xue-Shun , Yin Liang
Published: September 2019

α,β-Unsaturated phosphine sulfides may exhibit different reactivity from α,β-unsaturated phosphine oxides toward nucleophilic addition and thus may find new applications in copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric reactions. Herein, various α,β-unsaturated phosphine sulfides were prepared in moderate to excellent yields from the parent α,β-unsaturated phosphine oxides with Lawesson’s reagent. The reaction enjoys a broad substrate scope and tolerates a variety of functional groups.
The Location and Accessibility of the Second Mesiobuccal Canal in Maxillary First Molar
Authors: Tuncer Aysun Kara , Haznedaroglu Faruk , Sert Semih
Published: September 2019

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the location and accessibility of the second mesibuccal canal in maxillary first molar of a Turkish sub-population.

Methods: Presence and accessibility of the MB2 canal in 110 extracted maxillary first molars was examined with unaided vision, dental loups and the DOM. To characterize the geometrical location of MB2 canals, photographs of pulp chambers were obtained.

Results: With the unaided vision, 58 MB2 canal orifices and after evaluation with the dental loup, DOM an additional 28 MB2 canal orifices were detected. In 65 molars, the MB2 canal orifices was located 0.87 mm distally and 1.73 mm palatally to the main mesiobuccal canal and in the remaining 21 molars was 0.72 mm mesially and 1.86 mm palatally.

Conclusion: Presence of second mesiobuccal canal was similar to the other studies but in a Turkish sub-population it originates mainly distal to the main MB canal. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:12-16)
Periapical Status and Quality of Root Fillings and Coronal Restorations in an Adult Turkish Subpopulation
Authors: Gencoglu Nimet , Pekiner Filiz Namdar , Gumru Birsay , Helvacioglu Dilek
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To investigate the quality of root fillings and coronal restorations and their association with periapical status in an adult Turkish subpopulation.

Methods: A total of 400 subjects were examined. Panoramic radiographs of all participants and additional periapical radiographs of affected teeth were processed. The frequency of root canal treatment and the periapical status of all root filled teeth were evaluated. The relationship between the radiographic quality of root fillings and coronal restorations was examined by chi-squared statistical analysis.

Results: A total of 9460 teeth were examined. The total number of root filled teeth was 890 (9.39%), and 658 (73.9%) had apical periodontitis (AP). There was a significant correlation between the presence of periapical pathology and inadequate root canal fillings (P <.05). Presence of AP in root filled teeth was associated with inadequate adaptation of the filling (OR=1.097; P=0.54), and with poor radiographic quality of the coronal restoration (OR=0.91; P=0.70), and with poor radiographic quality of the filling restoration (OR=0.97; P=0.92). Only 24.5% of the root fillings were adequate. The highest percentage of root fillings was found in maxillary right first molars (6.9%).

Conclusions: The results demonstrate a low prevalence of root-filled teeth and poor quality of coronal restorations and root fillings consistent with a high prevalence of apical periodontitis in a Turkish subpopulation. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:17-22)
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Pharyngeal Obturator Prostheses with Different Retention Mechanisms
Authors: Tuna Suleyman Hakan , Pekkan Gurel , Gumus Hasan Onder , Aktas Alper
Published: September 2019

Pharyngeal obturator prostheses restore the congenital or acquired defects of the soft palate and allow adequate closure of palatopharyngeal sphincter. Two patients with soft palate defect and subsequent velopharyngeal insufficiency were rehabilitated using pharyngeal obturator prostheses which had different retention mechanisms. Since it is necessary for swallowing and intelligible speech, the patients were examined in terms of adequate velopharyngeal closure after prosthetic treatment. The results were satisfying for both the patients and physicians. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:81-87)
A Morphometric Study of the Maxillary Artery and Lingula in Relation to Mandibular Ramus Osteotomies and TMJ Surgery
Authors: Balcioglu Huseyin Avni , Kilic Cenk , Varol Altan , Ozan Hasan , Kocabiyik Necdet , Yildirim Mehmet
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Mandibular osteotomies and resection of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis are the mostly performed surgical procedures in the infratemporal fossa, which is in close proximity with the main trunk of the maxillary artery (MA). It is imperative to avoid the trunk or branches of the maxillary artery, otherwise, massive intraoperative or postoperative hemorrhage may develop. The goal of the study was to investigate the position of the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa and the lingula of the mandible.

Methods: Significant landmarks were selected on the mandibles of formalin fixed cadavers, and the distances were measured between the maxillary artery and the bony landmarks with a digital caliper.

Results: The average distances between the MA and the articular eminence, the medial cortex of the mandibular ramus, the inferior border of the pterygoid fovea and the mandibular notch were 1.67±0.48 mm, 5.38±2.47 mm, 16.84±1.74 mm, 2.94±0.52 mm, respectively. Course pattern of the MA at the subcondylar level was also mapped. In order to determine the position of the lingula, the average distances between the tip of the lingula and the mandibular notch, the inferior border of the ramus, the anterior margin of the ramus and posterior margin of the ramus were measured and found as 15.4±2.1 mm, 49.5±4.3 mm, 18.1±2.7 mm, 16.6±2.5 mm, respectively. No significant differences were found between the right and left sides, for all parameters.

Conclusions: The studied parameters will assist and navigate clinicians to determine the anatomic proximity to the maxillary artery, and, minimize the risk of damaging the vessel. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:166-169)
Effect of 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel on Enamel and Dentin Surface Micromorphology and Roughness of Uremic Patients: An Atomic Force Microscopic Study
Authors: Mahmoud Salah Hasab , Elembaby Abeer El Sayed , Zaher Ahmed Ragheb , Grawish Mohammed El-Awady , Elsabaa Heba M , El- Negoly Salwa Abd El-Raof , Sobh Mohamed Abdel Kader
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To investigate the effect of 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on surface micromorphology and roughness of enamel and root dentin of uremic patients receiving hemodialysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Methods: A total of 20 sound molars were collected from healthy individuals (n=10) and uremic patients (n=10). The roots were separated from their crowns at the cemento-enamel junction. Dental slabs (3 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm) were obtained from the buccal surface for enamel slabs and the cervical third of the root surface for dentin slabs. Dental slabs were then flattened and serially polished up to #2500-grit roughness using silicon carbide abrasive papers. Half of the slabs obtained from healthy individuals and uremic patients were stored in artificial saliva and left without bleaching for control and comparison. The remaining half was subjected to a bleaching treatment using 16% carbamide peroxide gel (Polanight, SDI Limited) 8 h/day for 14 days and stored in artificial saliva until AFM analysis was performed. Statistical analysis of the roughness average (Ra) results was performed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparisons test.

Results: The micromorphological observation of bleached, healthy enamel showed exaggerated prism irregularities more than non-bleached specimens, and this observation was less pronounced in bleached uremic enamel specimens with the lowest Ra. Bleached healthy dentin specimens showed protruded peritubular dentin and eroded intertubular dentin with the highest Ra compared to bleached uremic dentin.

Conclusions: The negative effects of the bleaching gel on uremic tooth substrates are less dramatic and non-destructive compared to healthy substrates because uremia confers different micromorphological surface changes. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:175-181)
Rate of Compliance with Hand Hygiene by Dental Healthcare Personnel (DHCP) within a Dentistry Healthcare First Aid Facility
Authors: Amorim-Finzi Marcília Batista de , Cezar Cury Mauro Vieira , Costa Cláudio Rodrigues R. , Santos Angelis Costa dos , Melo Geraldo Batista de
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the compliance with the opportunities of hand hygiene by dentistry school healthcare professionals, as well as the higher choice products.

Methods: Through direct observation, the oral healthcare team-professors, oral and maxillofacial surgery residents, graduation students-for daily care were monitored: before performing the first treatment of the shift, after snacks and meals, and after going to the bathroom (initial opportunities) as well as between patients’ care, and after ending the shift (following opportunities).

Results: The professors’ category profited 78.4% of all opportunities while residents and graduation students did not reach 50.0% of compliance. Statistically significant data (P≤.05) were seen between categories: professors and residents, professors and graduation students, and between genders within the residents’ category. When opportunities were profited, the preferred choice for hand hygiene was water and soap (82.2%), followed by 70% alcohol (10.2%), and both (7.6%).

Conclusions: Although gloves were worn in all procedures, we concluded that the hygiene compliance by these professionals was under the expectation. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:233-237)
Filling Lateral Canals: Evaluation of Different Filling Techniques
Authors: Carvalho-Sousa Bruno , Almeida-Gomes Fábio , Borba Carvalho Pollyana Rabelo , Cláudio Maníglia-Ferreira , Gurgel-Filho Eduardo Diogo , Albuquerque Diana Santana
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro quantitative laboratorial study is to compare the ability of three filling techniques to fill simulated lateral canals.

Methods: Thirty extracted, single-rooted human teeth were used. After cleaning and shaping, three lateral canals were created, one in each third. The teeth were randomly separated into three groups: continuous wave of condensation (Group 1); thermomechanical compaction (Group 2); and lateral condensation (Group 3). The teeth were cross-sectioned, making the cut through points over the lateral canals; thus, 90 specimens were obtained. Each specimen was immersed in a polyester resin, and the blocks were polished. Images were obtained using a stereoscopic lens (40x). Radiographic analysis was performed, followed by a filling linear measure using the Image Tool 3.0 program (University of Texas). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for Windows (Kruskal- Wallis test).

Results: A greater number of simulated lateral canals were obturated in Groups 1 and 2. Group 2 presented the largest percentage of linear measure of lateral canals filling with gutta-percha and sealer. No statistical differences were found between Group 1 and Group 2 when we analyzed the filling with gutta-percha and sealer or just sealer (P>.05).

Conclusions: Thermoplasticized gutta-percha filling techniques (Groups 1 and 2) are better for filling lateral canal with gutta-percha and sealer or with just sealer than lateral condensation (Group 3). (Eur J Dent 2010;4:251-256)