bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status of school children aged 8-12 years in deprived areas of Mauritius
Authors:   University of Mauritius, Aurisinkala-Appadoo S , Oogarah-Pratap B ,   Mauritius Institute of Education, Ruggoo A
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the nutritional status of school children in deprived areas of Mauritius and determined whether specific socio-economic factors were associated with poor nutritional status among children. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 240 primary school children aged 8-12 years old. Out of 27 schools located in the deprived regions of Mauritius, eight of them were selected for the study. The data collection tools included a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and a 24-hour dietary recall. A questionnaire was used to gather information on the socioeconomic profile of the children and their eating patterns. The Centre for Disease Control (CDC) BMI-for-age and stature-for-age percentiles were used to identify children who were stunted (<5th percentile stature-for-age), underweight (<5th BMI-for age percentile), overweight (85th to 95th percentile BMI-for age) or obese (≥95th percentile BMI-for-age). Findings revealed that the main meals taken by the children included breakfast, lunch and dinner. Ninety two percent of the children mentioned taking breakfast in the morning; the most commonly consumed food commodities being bread, margarine, cheese, jam and tea; milk, yoghurt, fruits or fruit juice were rarely consumed. Packed lunches consisted mainly of eggs and convenience foods such as sausages without any vegetables. Poor snacking habits, that is, high consumption of salty corn-based snacks, were identified among these children. Age of school children was significantly associated (p<0.05) with the amount of money spent on snacks at school. Anthropometric measurements revealed the prevalence of both undernutrition and overnutrition among the children. Thirty seven per cent of the children were underweight, four per cent were overweight, three per cent were obese and there were no cases of stunting. The study findings indicate that the children are being fed the wrong kinds of foods or the wrong proportions. Thus, there is a need for local education and health authorities to develop nutrition education programmes that are contextually sensitive to specifically target school children and parents in deprived areas of Mauritius.
Profitability and economic efficiency of groundnut production in Benue state, Nigeria
Authors:   Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria, Ani DP , Umeh JC , Weye EA
Published: December 2021

There has been a remarkable reduction in the contribution of groundnut to Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings since the discovery of petroleum resources. There is need to re -position this valuable crop to assume its rightful position in the nation’s economy. Thus, this study assessed the profitability of groundnut production and level of technical and allocative efficiencies of the farmers using Benue State as a case study. Multi -stage sampling technique, which involves purposive selection of two Local Government Areas (Makurdi and Ogbadigbo) and subsequent random selection of groundnut farmers from the selected three communities was adopted in collecting cross -sectional data from 270 groundnut farmers using structured questionnaire and oral interview. Descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and Stochastic Frontier Model were used to analyse the data. The study found that the mean gross margin per hectare of groundnut was N 1,897.86 per month while the profitability test shows that it is profitable (t= 6.87; P ≤ 0.01). However, the key variables that influence profitability are hired labour, cost of seed, agrochemical and cost of fertilizer. Meanwhile, the mean technical efficiency estimate of groundnut farmers in the study area was found to be as low as 4%. This could be attributed to high demand for labour, land and agrochemicals which are the critical factors that play a significant role in groundnut production. The socio- economic factors that affect groundnut production in the study area include farmers’ age, household size and annual income. Similarly, an average farmer spent about 28% above the minimum frontier cost. Furthermore, the elasticity of cost of production with respect to cost of hired labour and cost of seed was found to be relatively high indicating their importance in groundnut production. More land should be put into groundnut production and farmers should be given essential agricultural inputs that will enhance the productivity of this cash crop. The study further recommends the development and dissemination of simple machines that can facilitate the stages involved in the production of groundnut.
Properties of (Parinari curatellifolla) (Hacha or Chakata) fruits from different parts of Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors:   University of Zimbabwe, Benhura MAN , Muchuweti M , Gombiro PE , Benhura C
Published: December 2021

In most African countries, people in rural areas collect edible wild fruits that include(Parinari curatellifolia) for direct consumption or processing into food products especially during periods of food shortage. Parinari curatellifolia is a miombo woodland tree that bears green to grey oval shaped fruit that turns yellowish to brown when ripe. The purpose of the study was to determine the properties of Parinari curatellifolia fruit from Amby, Waterfalls and Acadia in Harare. The parameters evaluated include locations of fruit collection, diameter and mass, proportion of pulp, skin and stone in the fruit, moisture, mineral ash and minerals namely magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and phosphorous. Latitude and longitude positions of the trees locations were approximately E 30 O and S 17 O, respectively. The heights of the sites above sea level ranged from 1477 to 1528m. Diameters and masses of fruit from the three sites were significantly different (p<0.05). Moisture content of the fruit ranged from 66 to 74%. The mean pulp content was 56±5% for individual fruit units and 50±1% for bulk samples from the sampling sites. Fruit from Acadia had the highest pulp content of 60±4%. The proportion of skins and seed stones in the fruit ranged from 8 to 12.5% and 26 to 36%, respectively. Similarly as for diameters and masses, the skin, pulp and stone content of fruits from the three sites were significantly different (P< 0.05). Fruit from Amby had the highest mineral ash, potassium and calcium contents, which were 4.0±0.1, 1.5±0.1 and 0.5±0.1%, respectively. The highest levels of copper and iron were obtained in Acadia and were 0.5±0.1 and 0.8±0.2, respectively. There were no significant differences for mineral ash, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn and Cu content of pulp for fruits from the three sites (P>0.05). The pulp level that was more than 50% of the fruit makes the fruit a potential raw material for food processing. The minerals in the fruit provide a source of nutrients for consumers of prepared food.
Cost-benefit analysis and growth effects of pelleted and unpelleted on-farm diets on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in earthen ponds
Authors:   National Aquaculture Research Development & Training Center, Kenya, Charo-Karisa H , Opiyo MA ,   Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Munguti JM ,   Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Marijani E ,   Open University of Tanzania, Nzayisenga L
Published: December 2021

Fish feed constitute s 40- 60% of the total operational costs of a fish farm. Commercial feeds are often too expensive for rural fish farmers. Consequently , farmers use non - conventional and locally available fish feed ingredients including agro -industrial by - pro ducts . These feeds have not led to increased pond productivity due to poor processing, higher fibre content , and anti -nutritional factors that limit nutrient bio- availability . Farmers have not embraced processing of fish feeds because the cost - effectiveness of processing has not been clearly demonstrated. The African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) is an important farmed fish in sub- Saharan Africa hence the need for research on its nutrition and growth performance . The growth performance and cost-benefit of using pelleted diets formulated from locally available feed ingredients on C. gariepinus were evaluated in a rural African setting . The experiment included diets that differed in the ingredients and form used (pelleted and un- pelleted ). Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated from freshwater shrimp ( Caridina nilotica ), rice bran ( Oryza sativa ) and wheat bran (Triticum aestivum) . The diets were C. nilotica and wheat bran pelleted (CWBp), C. nilotica and wheat bran un- pelleted (CWBup), C. nilotica and rice bran pelleted (CRBp), and C. nilotica and rice bran un - pelleted (CRBup). The diets were fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings (mean initial weight 1.75±0.03g), in triplicates for 5 months. The pelleted diets showed significantly better performance ( P <0.05) compared to the un- pelleted diets. Fish grew to a weight of 266.77±6.21g on CWBp, 224.9±3.91g on CRBp, 211.38±4.46g on CWBup and 190.87±4.47g on CRBup. Cost benefit analysis of the pelleted and un- pelleted diets indicated positive net returns of US$ 180.1 for CWBp, US$142.5 for CRBp, US$ 126.8 for CWBup and US$ 115.5 for CRBup . The CWBp had significantly higher net returns than the other diets. This paper demonstrates that although on- farm pelleting of diets adds extra cost of labour, pelleted diets are cost -effective and should be incorporated as an essential part of on- farm feed production.
O koncepcjach prymitywizmu, sztuki ludowej i twórczości dziecięcej w pismach Stefana Szumana
Authors: Juszkiewicz Piotr
Published: December 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest koncepcjom estetycznym polskiego filozofa i teoretyka pedagogiki, Stefana Szumana (1898–1972). Jego zainteresowanie twórczością dziecka i sztuką ludową wpisuje się w szeroki w kulturze europejskiej początków XX w. zwrot ku „prymitywowi”, będący pochodną tyleż krytycznej oceny procesów modernizacyjnych i regeneracyjnych tęsknot, co ówczesnych badań antropologicznych nad strukturą społeczeństw pierwotnych i ich twórczością. Podobnie jak Franz Boas, który w swej teorii sztuki prymitywnej odrzucił model ewolucjonistyczny i utożsamienie „prymitywu” z niższym stadium rozwoju, Szuman podkreślał swoistość twórczości dziecięcej i sztuki ludowej. Nawiązując do etnologa neoewolucjonisty Maxa Richarda Verworna (pojęcie „ideoplastyki”) i do psychologicznych hipotez Jeana Piageta, w sztuce dziecka widział związek z organicznym rozwojem zdolności poznawczych i potrzebą ich uzewnętrzniania. Proponowana przez Szumana koncepcja wychowania przez sztukę, zakładająca nie tyle gotowy program kształcenia, co wspomaganie indywidualnego rozwoju uczniów, stała się częścią silnego w polskiej tradycji nurtu pedagogiki personalistycznej, reprezentowanej m.in. przez Henryka Rowida, Janusza Korczaka czy Antoniego Kenara.
Serological Evidence of Avian Metapneumovirus Infection in Layer Chicken Farms of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Tosh Chakradhar , Nagarajan S. , Murugkar Harshad V. , Kumar Naveen , Tripathi Sushil Kumar , Namdeo Pushpendra Kumar , Singh Rupal , Mishra Suman , Singh Vijendra Pal
Published: December 2021

Background: Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an important viral agent in chicken and turkey production industry and is most commonly associated with acute upper respiratory tract infection and swollen head syndrome. The disease is of significant economic concern as it is highly contagious and can lead to production losses in chicken and turkey flocks, especially when associated with secondary bacterial pathogens. Methods: Herein, we have performed a survey on layer farms in selected areas of Madhya Pradesh State, India to ascertain the aMPV status in laying birds, choanal cleft swabs and sera samples were collected for ELISA and RT-PCR assay. A total of 263 sera and 169 choanal cleft swabs from five districts of Madhya Pradesh State (Indore, Bhopal, Sagar, Guna and Bhind) from layer birds of age group 20-72 weeks were screened for aMPV antibodies and for genome. Result: Out of these Indore had maximum sero-postivity (73.33%), followed by Sagar (5.00%) and Bhopal (4.08%), respectively. Other two districts did not show any seropostivity against aMPV. RT-PCR assay using published primers and in vitro transcribed RNA of nucleoprotein (N) gene as positive control was carried out in 169 choanal cleft samples from four districts (Indore, Bhopal, Sagar and Guna). All the samples were found negative for aMPV genome by RT-PCR assay. Overall, 26/263 (9.88%) sera were positive to aMPV antibodies. As the chickens in India are not vaccinated against avian metapneumovirus therefore, this study indicates that layers are exposed to this important poultry pathogen. This study warrants further investigation in wider geographical area and isolation of aMPV to design the control strategies for aMPV.
Drivers and effects of sustainable construction in the South African construction industry
Authors:   University of Rwanda, Dosumu Oluwaseun Sunday , Aigbavboa Clinton Ohis
Published: December 2021

Sustainable construction is hardly practised in Africa, despite the consistent campaign for its adoption. This study investigates the drivers and effects of sustainable construction in South Africa. The quantitative survey research design was adopted for the study and the respondents were the construction organisations in Johannesburg, South Africa. The study identified 17 significant drivers of sustainable construction, with construction cost as the dominant variable. The important environmental (8), economic (12), and social benefits (7) of sustainable construction were also determined. The challenges (24) of sustainable construction were also identified. The study recommended that measures for low construction cost should be put in place, and awareness campaigns should be enhanced. Economic benefits are still behind environmental benefits, and this could affect some prospective adopters. Lack of knowledge and weak economies were prevalent challenges that underscore the need for Western support for African nations to comfortably adopt sustainable construction.
Flipped learning – Pedagogic dilemmas
Authors: Klasnic Irena , Duranovic Marina , Vidic Tomislava
Published: December 2021

Scientific and practical examinations of pedagogues, educators and teachers are directed to finding the approach, methods and strategies which would motivate students and make them more active in the learning process. One of the ways to achieve this is flipped learning. This article aims to describe some characteristics of flipped learning, and also questions the pedagogic foundation, justification and limits of the usage possibilities and the potential challenges in the implementation of this model into the educational system. The research reports findings based on the trends in flipped learning. By replacing activities carried out in the classroom and at home, students are put into a new situation. A student independently realises the initial contact with the teaching content at home, whereas in the classroom, the activities (with the teacher and other students) that provide understanding and application of the learned are implemented.
 
Keywords: Education, flipped learning, students, teacher, pedagogic.
The relationship between the anxiety level of Iranian elementary EFL learners and their vocabulary learning strategies
Authors: Tayyebi Ghasem
Published: December 2021

The current study aimed at examining the relationship between anxiety level of Iranian elementary English as a foreign language learners and the strategies that they adopt for learning English vocabulary. To this end, based on the performance of the participants on the Quick Placement Test, the researcher recruited 100 participants through availability sampling. To determine the strategies that the participants employ for learning English vocabulary, Schmitt’s taxonomy of vocabulary learning (VL) strategies questionnaire was administered. Also, the Spearman correlation was run to determine the correlation between various levels of anxiety and different VL strategies. The findings of the current study indicated that the effects of anxiety can adversely affect a person’s use of VL strategies. Likewise, when there is an increase in anxiety, VL strategy use decreases to a significant extent.
Keywords: Vocabulary learning, strategies, foreign language, classroom, anxiety scale.
Kultura i mit — iluzje demitologizacji
Authors: Kleszcz Leszek , Sztalt Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

One of the most fundamental existential experiences is the “indifference of the world”. Faced with the awareness of the insignificance of human fate, the lack of meaning, the indifference of the world, man creates various strategies of depotentialising reality. One of them is “story-telling”, working on a myth. Nietzsche also believed that “life needs a protective atmosphere woven from illusions, dreams, delusions”, so he tried to create a myth to fill the void left by the “death of God”. He began with Wagner’s “aesthetic myth” and went on to create a “myth of the aestheticisation of existence”. His next attempts to give meaning to human life were the story of the Übermensch and the revitalization of the myth of eternal return. Another myth which can be found at the core of Nietzsche’s philosophy is “the myth of the myth-maker”.
Majdnem szabályos sokszöglapok által határolt konvex poliéderek számítógépes modellezése
Authors: Talata István
Published: December 2021

Léteznek olyan konvex poliéderek (ún. ál-Johnson-poliéderek), melyeknek mindegyik sokszöglapja szabályos sokszög vagy annak egy jó közelítése valamilyen értelemben, és esetleg nem is (vagy alig) észrevehető ezeken a poliédereken, hogy a lapjaik között van nem pontosan szabályos sokszög, miközben megmutatható, hogy nem létezik olyan konvex poliéder, melynek ugyanaz a laphálója, és minden lapja szabályos sokszög. Bemutatjuk, hogyan modellezhetők az ilyen poliéderek geometriai módszerek felhasználásával, azaz valamely geometriai szoftverrel megvalósított térbeli geometriai szerkesztésekkel.
A háromszög köré- és beírt szabályos háromszögéről
Authors: Hajdu Endre
Published: December 2021

Tetszőleges háromszögbe írható szabályos háromszög úgy, hogy a beírt háromszög csúcsai az adott háromszög különböző oldalaira illeszkedjenek. Az ilyen beírt háromszögek közül keressük a legkisebbet, amelyre két új szerkesztési módszert is adunk. Továbbá megmutatjuk, hogy az adott háromszög területe a maximális és a minimális (köré írt, ill. beírt) háromszög területének mértani közepe.
Áttekintés a hiperbolikus Pascal tetraéderekről
Authors: Németh László
Published: December 2021

A binomiális együtthatók háromszög alakban való elrendezése, az ún. Pascal háromszög a matematika számos területén ismert és használt. Ennek magasabb dimenziós változatainak az un. Pascal tetraédernek és szimplexnek a 3- és 4-dimenziós hiperbolikus, valamint egy érdekes H2×R térbeli változatát mutatjuk be összefoglaló formában. Meghatározzuk a szintről szintre való növekedéseket ˝ leíró rekurziókat.
Qualidade da educação na perspectiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica
Authors: Silva João Carlos da , Niesvald Kerlyn Tatiana Schulz
Published: December 2021

Esse artigo discute o tema da qualidade da educação, na perspectiva da Pedagogia Histórico-Critica (PHC), no sentido de construção de alguns referenciais analíticos presentes nesta teoria pedagogia. Aborda sua concepção de mundo, de sociedade e de educação, evidenciando aqueles elementos que poderiam qualificar a natureza, as propriedades e os atributos desejáveis de um processo educativo de qualidade. A apropriação do conhecimento científico, artístico e filosófico ocorre através de uma prática pedagógica sistemática, desenvolvida a partir da realidade concreta e do compromisso político. A Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica consiste em uma teoria político-pedagógica contra hegemônica que defende o acesso da classe trabalhadora ao saber historicamente produzido pela humanidade. Nesta perspectiva, o que se entende por uma educação de qualidade difere do padrão imposto pela sociedade capitalista.  Neste sentido, a PHC posiciona-se em defesa da escola pública de qualidade e sua importância no seio da sociedade por meio da reorganização do trabalho educativo, tendo como eixo primordial o saber sistematizado sob o qual se define a especificidade da educação escolar.
Splenectomy for Aseptic Splenic Abscess
Authors: Pranata Andy Kusuma , Danardono Edwin Don
Published: December 2021

Highlight :A 26-year-old woman have sterile aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures.Pus and splenic tissue examination revealed no bacterial proliferation, while the surgery revealed a splenic abscess.Abstract:We presented a rare case, a 26-year-old woman have sterile aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures. Clinical examination of the patient showed a dense cystic mass in the left upper abdomen. Ultrasonography examination suspected a dermoid cyst. However, MRI examination of the abdomen showed turbid cystic lesions. The surgery revealed a splenic abscess, while pus and splenic tissue examination revealed no bacterial proliferation. Based on the literature, the patient had a good prognosis.
The Carrier Rate of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria in Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) in Hospital and Community
Authors: Puspita Ardhiya , Arizandy Radita Yuniar , Wasito Eddy Bagus , Kuntaman Kuntaman
Published: December 2021

Highlight :Bacteriologically for colonization of  ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were analyzed.The prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria among cockroaches in hospitals is bigger than in households.Abstract: Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is one of the vectors in the environment that can transmit disease. Cockroaches can act as potential mechanical vectors of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae is a gram-negative bacteria that has natural habitats in the digestive tract of humans and animals. Enterobacteriaceae that produce Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged as major pathogens in hospitals. The study analyzed the prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria in cockroaches that lived in hospitals and residential homes. In this study, a total of 200 cockroaches consisting of 100 cockroaches from the hospital environment and 100 cockroaches from the residential environment were analyzed bacteriologically for colonization of  ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. The specimen of the alimentary tract was taken and sub-cultured in MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime 2 ug/ml. Growth colonies were suggested as an ESBL-producing bacteria, then were confirmed as ESBL producers by the Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). The ESBL gene was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Among 100 household cockroach samples, 14 (14%) were identified as ESBL producers, while 100 hospital cockroaches were 26 (26%) positive ESBL. The ESBL gene, in hospital cockroach were identified of CTXM 19 (19%), SHV 7 (7%), and not any TEM gene, while among household cockroaches were identified CTXM 2 (2%), SHV 11 (11%), and also not detected TEM ESBL gene. Among ESBL genes, only the CTXM gene was significantly different between household and hospital cockroaches.
Analisis Keabsahan Pembacaan Putusan Pidana yang Dibacakan Secara Virtual atau Elektronik
Authors: Oktavia Angelia Dwi
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of teleconferencing facilities in courts in Indonesia is actually not an absolute new thing. Long before, the model for examining witnesses with the help of multimedia technology was first carried out in 2002. However, teleconferencing has not been recognized in the Criminal Procedure Code, because at the time the Act was enacted it could not be practiced. Regarding reading the decision by teleconference, there has also been no reading regarding whether it is legal or not. The formulation of the problem reviewed in this study is whether reading a criminal verdict read out virtually or electronically is against Article 195 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The research method used is legal research with an approach and an approach to laws and regulations to examine existing legal problems. The results of this research can be seen that reading a criminal reading that is read out virtual or electronically does not conflict with Article 195 of the Criminal Procedure Code because it refers to the principle of Salus Polupi Suprema lex Esto and refers to the relevant laws.Keywords: Trial; Teleconference; Decision.AbstrakPenggunaan sarana teleconference di dalam persidangan di Indonesia sebenarnya bukan merupakan hal yang mutlak baru. Jauh sebelumnya, model pemeriksaan saksi dengan bantuan teknologi multimedia pertama kali dilakukan pada tahun 2002. Tetapi teleconference belum diakui dalam Kitab Undang-Undang¬ Hukum Acara Pidana, karena pada masa Undang-Undang dibuat hal demikian itu tidak dapat dipraktikkan. Terkait dengan pembacaan putusan pidana secara teleconference juga belum ada kejelasan terkait sah atau tidaknya. Rumusan masalah yang diulas dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah pembacaan putusan pidana yang dibacakan secara virtual atau elektronik bertentangan dengan Pasal 195 KUHAP. Mmetode penelitian yang digunakan adalah legal research dengan melalui pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan untuk mengkaji permasalahan hukum yang ada. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa pembacaan putusan pidana yang dibacakan secara virtual atau elektronik tidak bertentangan dengan Pasal 195 KUHAP karena mengacu kepada asas Salus Polupi Suprema lex Esto serta mengacu kepada Undang-Undang yang terkait.Kata Kunci: Persidangan; Teleconference; Putusan.
Computational Analysis of Specific Indicators to Manage Crop Yield and Profits Under Extreme Heat and Climate Change Conditions
Authors: Sharma Maya
Published: December 2021

The US pacific northwest recorded its highest temperature in late June 2021. The three-day stretch of scorching heat had a devastating effect on not only the residents of the state, but also on the crops thus impacting the food supply-chain. It is forecasted that streaks of 100-degree temperatures will become common. Farmers will have to adapt to the changing landscape to preserve their crop yield and profitability. A research collaborative consisting of researchers and academicians in Eastern Washington led by a pioneering startup has setup a 16.9-acre Honeycrisp Apple Smart Orchard in Grandview, WA as a laboratory to study the environmental and plant growth factors in real-time using modern computational tools and techniques like IoT (Internet of Things), Edge and Cloud Computing, and Drone and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) imaging. The computational analysis is used to develop guidelines for precision agriculture for orchard blocks to address plant growth issues scientifically and in a timely fashion. The analysis also helps in creating risk-mitigation strategies for severe weather events while helping prepare farmers to maximize crop yield and profitability per acre. I was fortunate to gain access to the terabytes of farm data related to the weather, soil, water, tree, and canopy health, to analyze and formulate recommendations for the farmers that can be adopted nationwide for different crops and weather conditions. This paper discusses the different streams of farm data that were analyzed (ex. soil moisture, soil water potential, and sap flow) and the development of the framework to use data to convert insights into actionable steps. For example, the use of sensors can inform a farmer that their level of soil water potential is below threshold in a specific patch of the orchard, prompting them to turn on irrigation for the patch instead of the whole orchard. I estimate that using an IoT-sensor-based decision framework discussed in this paper, growers can save up to 55% of their water costs for the season. Using these insights, farmers can better manage their irrigation resources and labor, thus maximizing their crop yield and profits.
Determination of Adhesive and Cohesive Strength in Metal Coatings Deposited by Hypersonic Metallization
Authors: Panteleenko F. I. , Karpets M. N. , Belotserkovsky M. A. , Sosnovsky A. V.
Published: December 2021

. It is known that at present, methods of thermal spraying are widely used to restore and strengthen various worn-out machine parts. As a rule, metal coatings applied by thermal spraying have lower strength characteristics than solid materials. It is believed that the strength of coatings is proportional to their adhesive and cohesive strength. The value of adhesive and cohesive strength depends on various factors, including the nature of the materials and the technology of coating. An important factor characterizing the possibility of using metal coatings in various industries is the strength of adhesion of coatings to the base metal. The paper presents the determination of the adhesive and cohesive strength of coatings from different materials, applied by the method of hypersonic metallization. The results of testing the strength of metal coatings made of ER316LSi-grade wire, nichrome (Cr20Ni80) and molybdenum wire are given in the paper. Based on the results of metallographic studies, the proportion of the participation of cohesive and adhesive components in the strength of coatings has been determined, and some features of coating destruction have been described. It has been found that the participation of the cohesive and adhesive components of the coating strength differs depending on the material used. The cohesive component prevails in the strength of coatings made of high-alloy wire of the ER316LSi-grade, at which destruction mainly occurs along the coating-base boundary. For nichrome coatings and especially for coatings made of molybdenum, the cohesive component is predominant, in which the destruction of the coating occurs not along the coating-base boundary, but between the coating layers.
Application of Phosphogypsum in Road Construction
Authors: Kovalev Ya. N. , Yaglov V. N. , Chistova T. A. , Girinsky V. V.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Currently the Republic of Belarus is solving the problem of processing a by-product – phosphogypsum, formed in the process of phosphorric acid production. The issue of utilization of phosphogypsum is becoming more and more relevant, and there are several reasons for this: transportation of phosphogypsum to dumps and its storage require large capital investments and operating costs; when creating phosphogypsum dumps, it is necessary to alienate large areas, sometimes even cultivated land; storage of this material in dumps, even with the neutralization of soluble impurities and with the observance of dump operational rules causes irreparable harm to the environment. There are known studies of scientists on the use of phosphogypsum for road construction as a binder for strengthening soils, foundations and repair work. The paper presents the results of experiments on obtaining road-building materials from this waste without converting it into a binder. Based on the research, a technology for the preparation of asphalt concrete mixtures with the use of mineral powder in the form of phosphogypsum dihydrate has been developed.
Labelisasi Produk Pangan UMKM di Kecamatan Pulung Ponorogo
Authors: Febriyanti Icca , Rohmanu Abid
Published: December 2021

This research departs from labelling MSME food products that do not contain an expiration date, production code, and inclusion of a halal label without halal certification from MUI carried out by business actors in Pulung, Ponorogo. Based on this, this study aims to explain the sociological review of Islamic law on the practice of labelling MSME products in Pulung, Ponorogo, and a review of the sociology of Islamic law on the factors behind the labelling practice of MSME products carried out by business actors in Pulung Ponorogo District. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. From this study, it can be concluded that the labelling practice carried out by business actors follows the three basic ideas of the symbolic interactionism theory proposed by Herbert Mead. This result is because every action taken by business actors is translated from the human mind (mind) about oneself (self) and carried out in the community (society) where the individual is located. The factors behind business actors doing labelling follow the three basic premises of the symbolic interactionism theory proposed by Blumer. Meanwhile, in the application of sharia economic principles, the actions of business actors are not following the principles of honesty and truth; some business actors are dishonest in providing information on labels.
Pemenuhan Kewajiban Suami Penyandang Disabilitas Intelektual (Tunagrahita) dalam Membentuk Keluarga Sakinah
Authors: Lestari Picy , Roihanah Rif'ah
Published: December 2021

In this world not all humans have normal conditions in terms of quality and quantity of their limbs. Such is the case with families with intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita) in Jambon, Ponorogo. In such conditions, people with disabilities need improvisation and variety in managing and managing their household because if seen from their intellectual abilities they are not able to become leaders in the family. The purpose of this study was to determine the role and review of Islamic law in fulfilling the obligations of husbands with intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita) to form a Sakinah family. The type of research carried out is field research using qualitative methods, while data collection techniques used are interviews and observations. The conclusion of this study is that the husband's role in earning the main living is included in the mu'sir group, the parties who are obliged to help are relatives, the state or wealthy Muslims. And for his role as a leader in the family, this husband with intellectual disability (tunagrahita) cannot be burdened with taklif law, especially Ahliyyah Al'ada'. So external factors (family, relatives, and others) are more dominant in them in forming a sakinah family.
Konsep Asnaf Penerima Zakat Menurut Pemikiran Yusuf Al-Qardawi dan Wahbah Al-Zuhayli
Authors: Monica Intan Sherly , Abidah Atik
Published: December 2021

Abstract: This article discusses the Asnaf zakat according to contemporary scholars, namely Yusuf Al-Qardawi and Wahbah Al-Zuhayli. This work aims to explain the similarities and differences in the thoughts of the two figures regarding asnaf zakat. The method used is library research by examining the books of the two figures, namely Fiqhuz Zakat and Islamic Fiqh wa Adilatuhu. It can be concluded that the thoughts of Yusuf Al-Qardawi and Wahbah Al Zuhayli on the eight groups of zakat recipients are not much different. It's just that there is a slight difference that is most significant in the fi sabilillah group where Yusuf Al Qardawi argues that this group is extended to the meaning of fighting in the way of Allah such as charity for the public interest, this is in accordance with the opinion of some scholars who expand the meaning of fi sabilillah. Meanwhile, according to Wahbah Al-Zuhayli the meaning of fi sabilillah is soldiers who fight but are not paid by the state, this is in accordance with Q.S ash-Shaff: 4. And from their opinion, Yu>suf Al Qard{awi's thoughts are the most relevant to the condition of the Indonesian state. The istinbath method used by the two figures is dominant in ijma'. And what influenced his thinking the most was the role of the teacher and the social conditions of the two figures.
Holotomographic imaging of eukaryotic cells
Authors: Jo YoungJu , Park Wei Sun , Park YongKeun
Published: December 2021

Holotomography measures 3D refractive index (RI) distribution in cells and tissues without exogenous labeling. Here we describe a protocol for holotomographic imaging of generic eukaryotic cells using a standardized Tomocube holotomographic microscope. Combined with the recent advances in machine learning, holotomographic imaging enables a broad range of new biological and medical applications.
Relationship of Sphaeroma Quoianum to Sediment Characteristics and Invertebrate Community
Authors: Brown Morgan , Keller Jason K , Whitcraft Christine R
Published: December 2021

Many important wetland functions are tied to sediment dynamics, which are largely governed by infaunal invertebrate communities. These communities are sensitive to changes in sediment structure and to colonization by non-native species. In a southern California salt marsh, the non-native Australian isopod Sphaeroma quoianum has created dense networks of burrows within the marsh banks. Since this isopod increases erosion in many areas and can change local invertebrate communities, its possible contribution to habitat loss in this already-scarce southern California ecosystem is an important question. This study connected S. quoianum burrows to increased proportions of crustaceans, decreased carbon content, and steep marsh bluffs. These results highlight the potential susceptibility of salt marsh habitat with steep edges to invasion by non-native species and demonstrate that such invasion can correlate to key changes in ecosystem function. These results also suggest that S. quoianum invasion of salt marsh habitats can alter native communities and ecosystem functions, thus incipient invasions should be of concern to managers and ecologists alike.
Immunological Profiles of The Breast Cancer Microenvironment Represented by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Hanamura Toru , Kitano Shigehisa , Kagamu Hiroshi , Yamashita Makiko , Terao Mayako , Tsuda Banri , Okamura Takuho , Kumaki Nobue , Hozumi Katsuto , Harada Naoki , Iwamoto Takayuki , Honda Chikako , Kurozumi Sasagu , Niikura Naoki
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (hPD-L1) are established prognostic or predictive biomarkers in certain subsets of breast cancer. However, the association with immune response complexity is not fully understood. In this study, the immune cell fractions in breast cancer tissue and blood were evaluated to analyze their association with histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1. Methods: Forty-five tumor and 18 blood samples were collected from patients with breast cancer. Total leukocyte counts, proportions of 11 types of immune cells, and PD-L1 expression in each cell fraction were evaluated using multicolor flow cytometry. Histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: The immune cell composition of blood was partly correlated with that of tumor tissue but the abundance ratio of each fraction was different between them. A higher histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte proportion was associated with increased leukocyte infiltration, a higher proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and a lower proportion of natural killer cells and natural killer T cells. PD-L1 was highly expressed in the non-B-cell antigen-presenting cell fractions (monocyte/macrophage, nonclassical monocyte, myeloid-derived suppressor, dendritic, and myeloid dendritic cell) in tumors. Histologically assessed PD-L1 positivity reflected PD-L1 expression well in these fractions, as well as increased leukocyte infiltration in tumors. Conclusion: Our results indicate that histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes reflect differences in immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Non-B-cell antigen-presenting cell fractions are primarily involved in the PD-L1 pathway in breast cancer microenvironments.
Does the Use of Use of Continuous or Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Protocols Improve the Removal of Smear Layer? A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Miguéns-Vila Ramón , Castelo-Baz Pablo , Aboy-Pazos Saleta , Uroz-Torres David , Álvarez-Nóvoa Pablo , Dablanca-Blanco Ana Belén , Varela-Aneiros Iván , Martín-Biedma Benjamín
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of smear layer removal after the use of different irrigation methods (passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI], continuous ultrasonic irrigation [CUI], apical negative pressure irrigation and conventional irrigation) using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as an analytical tool. A total of 100 single-canal teeth were decoronated and randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to the irrigation method used: conventional irrigation with front outlet syringe, conventional irrigation with lateral outlet syringe, apical negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac), PUI with Irrisafe, and CUI with ProUltra PiezoFlow ultrasonic irrigation needle. Root canal preparation was performed with the ProTaper Gold system up to the F4 instrument and 5.25% NaOCl was used as an irrigant. After chemical-mechanical preparation, the roots were split longitudinally, and the coronal, middle and apical thirds examined. SEM digital photomicrographs were taken at ×1000 magnification to evaluate the amount of smear layer in each root canal third. CUI was more effective in removing the smear layer than the other irrigation protocols. However, none of the irrigation protocols were able to produce root canals completely free from smear layer.
Cultural Use of Homegarden Plants in an Indigenous Community in North West Ethiopia
Authors: Yinebeb Metsehet , Lulekal Ermias , Bekele Tamrat
Published: December 2021

Background; The floristic composition of homegardens in Northwest Ethiopia in general, and the Gozamin district in particular, has received little research attention. The purpose of this research is to better understand the floristic composition and cultural significance of homegardens. Methods; Stratified random sampling procedure was used based on agroecological variation in selected kebeles. The homegarden data were collected by dividing the homegarden into four quadrats, the first quadrat stretched from the farmer’s home to 10m, the second quadrat from10m to 20m, the third quadrat from 20m to 30m and the fourth quadrat from 30m to 40m horizontally using farmer’s house as reference depending on the size of the garden. A semi-structured interview was carried out to document the informant’s knowledge on plant species.Results; A total of 238 culturally important plant species from 81 families were identified. Of these 39% were herbs,29% shrubs, 6% were climbers. Perennials made up the largest part of cultivated species (83%), whereas annuals made up the rest (17%). The Poaceae family had the foremost species, with 22, taken after by the Fabaceae, which had 21, and the Asteraceae which had 15. From these recorded plants,140(58.6%) were species utilized for environmental uses, 84(35%) food crops, 83(34.7%) medicinal plant species, 39(16.3%) fodder species, 57(23.8%) material use plants, 60(25%) fuel wood species, 50(21%) social use plants and 1(0.4%) poisonous. The direct matrix ranking revealed that Cordia Africana was found a versatile culturally important plant in the area which was also extremely threatened, followed by Ficus sur. Cordia africana highest use-value was for Building and the list value was for medicinal. The Sorensen similarity index for 64 percent of the locations investigated was less than 0.5.Conclusion; The result showed that homegardens are multi-functional, long-term production systems. Food security and biodiversity conservation are continuously supported by tribal populations cultural knowledge connected with their homegardens. The less similarity/high species diversity in the area between kebeles indicated that there was high species diversity this was due to different range of agroecological conditions among kebeles.
High-Performance 3D Semiconductor-Based Heterostructure Photocatalyst in Sustained Control of Harmful Gas-Phase Pollutants Under Visible-Light Illumination
Authors: Lee Dong-Eun , Bae Mi Hyang , Jo Wan
Published: December 2021

Herein, a highly efficient three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor-based heterostructure photocatalyst (i.e., WO3–g-C3N4 monolithic architecture; WOCNM) was developed by immobilizing a WO3–g-C3N4 heterostructure powder on a melamine foam (MF) framework. Subsequently, the sustained control of two harmful model gas-phase pollutants (i.e., n-butanol and o-xylene) over WOCNM and selected monolithic counterparts (i.e., MF-supported WO3 monolith and MF-supported g-C3N4 monolith) was investigated under visible-light irradiation. WOCNM exhibited higher photocatalytic capabilities in the sustained control of the two model pollutants than those of individual WO3 and g-C3N4 monoliths because the WO3–g-C3N4 heterojunction enhanced its charge-separation ability. Notably, WOCNM exhibited highly efficient photocatalytic capabilities in the sustained control of n-butanol (up to 97%) and o-xylene (up to 86%). Moreover, no noticeable changes were observed in the WOCNM photocatalytic capability after the final run of successive applications. The fresh and successively used WOCNMs were nearly identical, and the photocatalyst powder was not observed in the reaction chamber after its successive application. As a result, WOCNM was a highly efficient and stable 3D heterostructure photocatalyst for the sustained control of gas-phase n-butanol and o-xylene, without significant catalyst powder loss. Promisingly, this study will expedite the future development of 3D photocatalysts for the sustained control of harmful gas-phase pollutants.
The damage-independent evolution of ageing by selective destruction
Authors: Wordsworth James , O'Keefe Hannah , Clark Peter , Shanley Daryl
Published: December 2021

Ageing is currently believed to reflect the accumulation of molecular damage due to energetic costs of maintenance, as proposed in disposable soma theory (DST). Here we have used agent-based modelling to describe an alternative theory by which ageing could undergo positive selection independent of energetic costs. We suggest that the selective advantage of fast-growing mutants might necessitate a mechanism of counterselection we name selective destruction, which removes the faster growing cells from the tissue, preventing the threat of morbidity and mortality they pose. As a result, the survival advantage would shift to the slower cells, allowing them to spread, inducing ageing in the form of a metabolic slowdown. Selective destruction could therefore provide a proximal cause of ageing that is both consistent with the gene expression hallmarks of ageing, and independent of accumulating damage. If true, negligible senescence would acquire a new meaning of increased basal mortality.