bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inaction, under-reaction action and incapacity: communication breakdown in Italy’s vaccination governance
Authors: Attwell Katie , Harper Tauel , Rizzi Marco , Taylor Jeannette , Casigliani Virginia , Quattrone Filippo , Lopalco PierLuigi
Published: June 2021

This article explores why governments do not respond to public compliance problems in a timely manner with appropriate instruments, and the consequences of their failure to do so. Utilising a case study of Italian vaccination policy, the article considers counterfactuals and the challenges of governing health policy in an age of disinformation. It counterposes two methods of governing vaccination compliance: discipline, which uses public institutions to inculcate the population with favourable attitudes and practices, and modulation, which uses access to public institutions as a form of control. The Italian government ineffectively employed discipline for a number of years. Epistemological and organisational constraints stymied its efforts to tackle a significant childhood vaccination compliance problem. With a loss of control over the information environment, vaccinations were not served well by exogenous crises, the sensationalism of the news cycle and online misinformation. Hampered by austerity, lack of capacity and epistemic shortcomings, the Italian government did not protect the public legitimacy of the vaccination programme. Instead of employing communications to reassure a hesitant population, they focused on systemic and delivery issues, until it was too late to do anything except make vaccinations mandatory (using modulation). The apparent short-term success of this measure in generating population compliance does not foreclose the need for ongoing governance of vaccine confidence through effective discipline. This is evident for the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, with many Italians still indicating that they would not accept a vaccine despite the devastation that the disease has wrought throughout their country.
TIRADS, SRE and SWE in INDETERMINATE thyroid nodule characterization: Which has better diagnostic performance?
Authors: Celletti Ilaria , Fresilli Daniele , De Vito Corrado , Bononi Marco , Cardaccio Sara , Cozzolino Alessia , Durante Cosimo , Grani Giorgio , Grimaldi Gianmarco , Isidori Andrea M. , Catalano Carlo , Cantisani Vito
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To assess Strain Ratio (SRE) and Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) accuracy alone and with TIRADS classification, for the risk stratification of indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Materials and methods

128 Patients with 128 indeterminate nodules candidates for thyroidectomy underwent preoperative staging neck ultrasound and were classified according to K-TIRADS score. After TIRADS evaluation, semi-quantitative (SRE) and quantitative (SWE expressed in kPa) elastosonography were performed and relative diagnostic performances, alone and in combination, were compared through ROC curves analysis. In order to maximize the SRE and SWE sensitivity and specificity, their cut-off values were calculated using the Liu test. Bonferroni test was used to evaluate statistically significant differences with a p value < 0.05.

Results

Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were, respectively, 71.4%, 82.4%, 62.5%, 87.5% for K-TIRADS baseline US, 85.7%, 94.1%, 85.7%, 94.1% for SRE and 57.1%, 79.4%, 53.3%, 81.8% for SWE (kPa expressed). SRE evaluation showed the best diagnostic accuracy compared to the SWE (kPa expressed) (p < 0.05) and to the K-TIRADS (p > 0.05). The association of SRE with conventional ultrasound with K-TIRADS score increased sensitivity (92.9% vs 71.4%) but decreased the specificity than conventional US alone (76.5% vs 82.4%).

Conclusion

Strain Elastosonography can be associated with K-TIRADS US examination in the thyroid nodule characterization with indeterminate cytology; in fact, adding the SRE to K-TIRADS assessment significantly increases its sensitivity and negative predictive value. However, further multicenter studies on larger population are warranted.
Tribological behavior comparisons of high chromium stainless and mild steels against high-speed steel and ceramics at high temperatures
Authors: Cui Shaogang , Liu Yangzhen , Wang Tong , Tieu Kiet , Wang Long , Zeng Dahai , Li Zhou , Li Wei
Published: June 2021

High-temperature tribology, which is often involved during hot metal forming, is controlled via oxidation on a rubbing surface. However, for high chromium stainless steel (ST), where oxidation is strongly inhibited, the effect of counterface materials on tribological behavior is yet to be elucidated. In this study, the effects of counterfaces on the tribological behavior of 253MA ST and mild steel (MS) are investigated via a ball-on-disc test at 900 °C using a 20 N load. The results reveal that high-speed steel (HSS) experiences severe abrasive wear with MS and causes severe sticking problems with ST. Si3N4 and SiC present substantially stronger abrasive wear resistance than HSS with MS, and the friction coefficients are dependent on the type of ceramic. Both ceramics can facilitate the establishment of a thick tribo-oxide layer (> 3 µm) on ST to prevent sticking; however, this is accompanied by severe pull-out and fracture wear. The effects of the counterface on the mechanical properties of the tribo-oxide layer, near-surface transformation, and the responses of the tribo-oxide layer to friction and wear are discussed. This study contributes to the understanding of interfacial tribological behaviors when different types of tools are used on MS and ST.
Umsetzung des Arbeitsschutzes während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie in Friseursalons
Authors: Michaelis Martina , Stößel Ulrich , Stranzinger Johanna , Nienhaus Albert
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund

Zur Einhaltung (Adhärenz) von Arbeitsschutzvorgaben bestehen in Deutschland wenig empirische Erkenntnisse. Empfehlungen zur Prävention von SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen im Friseurhandwerk wurden im Frühjahr 2020 von der Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW) in einem Arbeitsschutzstandard bereitgestellt.

Fragestellung

Inwieweit werden die Inhalte der Empfehlungen in dieser Branche aus Sicht von Friseurkund:innen umgesetzt und eingehalten?

Material und Methoden

Die Erhebung erfolgte als verdeckte teilnehmende Beobachtungsstudie zwischen Anfang Oktober und Mitte Dezember 2020 als nichtsystematische Gelegenheitsstichprobe in 3 Städten. Das standardisierte Erhebungsinstrument umfasste 3 Bereiche: a) Maßnahmen allgemeiner Art, vorwiegend technischer Art, b) im Kontakt mit der Kundin/dem Kunden und c) auf individueller Ebene zur Infektionsprävention. Die Ergebnisse auf Einzel- und Gesamtebene wurden in einem standardisierten Summenindex (0–1) zur SARS-CoV-2-Arbeitsschutzstandard-Adhärenz zusammengefasst. Mittels nonparametrischem Wilcoxon-Test wurden mögliche Unterschiede zwischen den 3 Subindizes geprüft.

Ergebnisse

Der Gesamtindex zur Adhärenz von 162 Beobachtungen beträgt 0,75 (SD: 0,14). Die Werte der beiden Subindizes zur Infektionsprävention im Kontakt mit dem/der Kund:in (z. B. Hinweis auf Verhaltensregeln) und auf individueller Schutzebene (Tragen einer Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung) sind signifikant besser als der zu allgemeinen Maßnahmen (z. B. Händereinigungsmöglichkeit für Kund:innen).

Diskussion

Die beobachtete Adhärenz zur Vermeidung von SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen in Friseurbetrieben ist höher, als dies subjektive Erfahrungen der BGW zur Arbeitsschutzadhärenz nahelegen. Dies könnte auch mit der in der Öffentlichkeit diskutierten Infektionsgefährdung erklärt werden. Die Ergebnisse weisen eine leicht niedrigere Adhärenz im Vergleich mit Erkenntnissen auf, die in rund 400 standardisierten Befragungen durch die BGW-Präventionsdienste gewonnen wurden.

Limitationen

Angesichts der nichtsystematischen Gelegenheitsstichprobe kann eine (positive) Verzerrung der Ergebnisse nicht ausgeschlossen werden.
Equivariant Stable Homotopy Theory and the Kervaire Invariant Problem
Authors: Hill Michael A. , Hopkins Michael J. , Ravenel Douglas C.
Published: June 2021

The long-standing Kervaire invariant problem in homotopy theory arose from geometric and differential topology in the 1960s and was quickly recognised as one of the most important problems in the field. In 2009 the authors of this book announced a solution to the problem, which was published to wide acclaim in a landmark Annals of Mathematics paper. The proof is long and involved, using many sophisticated tools of modern (equivariant) stable homotopy theory that are unfamiliar to non-experts. This book presents the proof together with a full development of all the background material to make it accessible to a graduate student with an elementary algebraic topology knowledge. There are explicit examples of constructions used in solving the problem.
Also featuring a motivating history of the problem and numerous conceptual and expository improvements on the proof, this is the definitive account of the resolution of the Kervaire invariant problem.
Effects of vegetation management on the composition and diversity of the insect community at Tianjin Binhai International Airport, China
Authors: Zhao Shulan , Li Zhifei , Duo Lian
Published: June 2021

The vegetation community affects the composition and diversity of the insect community in grasslands. To explore the effects of vegetation management on insect community abundance and diversity, regular mowing of the vegetation was conducted, and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were exclusively planted at Tianjin Binhai International Airport. A total of 1886 insects were collected, representing 8 orders, 23 families, and 29 species; Acrididae (Orthoptera), Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), and Chironomidae (Diptera) were the dominant taxa. The abundance and biomass of insects in the turf areas were significantly lower than those in the control area and were reduced by 45.8 and 48.5% in the ryegrass area, respectively. In all areas, insect abundance and biomass peaked in summer, and the abundance of individuals and taxa decreased as the temperature decreased. Greater diversity and richness were found in summer compared with the other two seasons, and the turf areas had lower diversity and richness indices than the control areas in spring and summer. Our results suggest that the abundance, biomass and diversity of insects can be effectively decreased by artificial regulation of grassland vegetation at the airport, the planting of a single turfgrass – specifically ryegrass had the greatest effect. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the ecological control of insects at the airport.
The association between history of prenatal loss and maternal psychological state in a subsequent pregnancy: an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study
Authors: Lazarides Claudia , Moog Nora K. , Verner Glenn , Voelkle Manuel C. , Henrich Wolfgang , Heim Christine M. , Braun Thorsten , Wadhwa Pathik D. , Buss Claudia , Entringer Sonja
Published: June 2021

Background

Prenatal loss which occurs in approximately 20% of pregnancies represents a well-established risk factor for anxiety and affective disorders. In the current study, we examined whether a history of prenatal loss is associated with a subsequent pregnancy with maternal psychological state using ecological momentary assessment (EMA)-based measures of pregnancy-specific distress and mood in everyday life.

Method

This study was conducted in a cohort of N = 155 healthy pregnant women, of which N = 40 had a history of prenatal loss. An EMA protocol was used in early and late pregnancy to collect repeated measures of maternal stress and mood, on average eight times per day over a consecutive 4-day period. The association between a history of prenatal loss and psychological state was estimated using linear mixed models.

Results

Compared to women who had not experienced a prior prenatal loss, women with a history of prenatal loss reported higher levels of pregnancy-specific distress in early as well as late pregnancy and also were more nervous and tired. Furthermore, in the comparison group pregnancy-specific distress decreased and mood improved from early to late pregnancy, whereas these changes across pregnancy were not evident in women in the prenatal loss group.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that prenatal loss in a prior pregnancy is associated with a subsequent pregnancy with significantly higher stress and impaired mood levels in everyday life across gestation. These findings have important implications for designing EMA-based ambulatory, personalized interventions to reduce stress during pregnancy in this high-risk group.
Electric infrastructure poses a significant threat at congregation sites of the globally threatened Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: SHOBRAK MOHAMMED , ALASMARI SAHEEM , ALQTHAMI ABDULAZIZ , ALQTHAMI FAHAD , AL-OTAIBI ABDOULRAHMAN , AL ZOUBI MOHAMMAD , EL MOGHRABI LAITH , JBOUR SHARIF , GHAZAL ASSWAD NABEGH , OPPEL STEFFEN , ARKUMAREV VOLEN , NIKOLOV STOYAN C.
Published: June 2021

Saudi Arabia is the fastest growing electricity consumer in the Middle East, with a rapidly expanding network of powerlines. Bird mortality through electrocution and collision has been recorded in the country, but so far there is little information as to how much the electricity infrastructure affects globally threatened raptor populations that migrate to Saudi Arabia. In 2019, the world’s largest wintering congregation of Steppe Eagles Aquila nipalensis was discovered near a rubbish dump in central Saudi Arabia. We evaluated whether powerlines in the vicinity of this, and another congregation site, caused mortality of large birds. In November 2019, we surveyed powerlines within 6 km of two focal rubbish dumps at Al Qunfudhah (12.4 km) and Ushaiqer (2 km). We found 52 carcasses of five species, of which 85% were Steppe Eagles. Based on the age of these carcasses, we coarsely extrapolate that 14.4 km of powerlines near these two congregation sites may kill 94–240 Steppe Eagles per winter, representing up to 0.3% of their global population. We call for the urgent safeguarding of powerlines that cause mortality near known Steppe Eagle congregation sites, and the adoption and implementation of regulations that ensure that future infrastructure is constructed with designs that are safe for birds.
A Compass During the Storm: Offering Students Critical Rigor for Polarizing Times
Authors: Wender Andrew M. , D’Erman Valerie J.
Published: June 2021

Teaching and learning in higher education is occurring, unavoidably, within the broader civic context of today’s extraordinarily polarizing political times. We seek to help students situate themselves with respect to and, above all, thoughtfully assess others’ as well as their own perspectives on issues of profound contention, without contributing to exacerbated polarization ourselves. Specifically, we offer students in our first-year exploratory political science course a vital tool—critical rigor—for navigating but not being inundated by the storm. This article discusses our experiences in teaching the course titled, “The Worlds of Politics,” as we attempt to help students deeply engage in cognitive processes of critical thinking and analysis, without undue infringement from their own—and least of all our own—personal political biases. Our focal learning objective is the cultivation of critical-thinking skills that promote students’ drawing of distinctions between advocacy and analysis, as well as their discerning civic engagement.
Reliabilität und Validität des OPD-KJ-Konfliktfragebogens bei stationär behandelten Jugendlichen
Authors: Cropp Carola , Claaßen Bastian
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung. Mit dem OPD-KJ-Konfliktfragebogen (OPD-KJ-KF) können intrapsychische Konflikte gemäß der Operationalisierten Psychodynamischen Diagnostik im Kindes- und Jugendalter (OPD-KJ-2) einfach und zeitökonomisch erfasst werden. Der Fragebogen existiert in zwei Fassungen: als Selbstbeurteilungsinstrument für Jugendliche und als Fremdbeurteilungsinstrument für Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten. In einer Stichprobe stationär behandelter Jugendlicher wurden psychometrische Gütekriterien (interne Konsistenz, Konstruktvalidität, konvergente Validität) des Fragebogens untersucht. Insgesamt ergaben sich uneinheitliche Befunde: Einige Skalen des Fragebogens scheinen geeignet, die entsprechenden intrapsychischen Konflikte zu erfassen, andere sollten hingegen noch einmal einer kritischen Sichtung unterzogen werden. Insbesondere die Konfliktskalen Nähe vs. Distanz und Unterwerfung vs. Kontrolle bedürfen einer Überarbeitung.
Mechanism Studies of Madden‐Julian Oscillation Coupling Into the Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere Tides Using SABER, MERRA‐2, and SD‐WACCMX
Authors: Kumari Komal , Wu Haonan , Long Abigail , Lu Xian , Oberheide Jens
Published: June 2021

The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), an eastward‐moving disturbance near the equator (±30°) that typically recurs every ∼30–90 days in tropical winds and clouds, is the dominant mode of intraseasonal variability in tropical convection and circulation and has been extensively studied due to its importance for medium‐range weather forecasting. A previous statistical diagnostic of SABER/TIMED observations and the MJO index showed that the migrating diurnal (DW1) and the important nonmigrating diurnal (DE3) tide modulates on MJO‐timescale in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) by about 20%–30%, depending on the MJO phase. In this study, we address the physics of the underlying coupling mechanisms using SABER, MERRA‐2 reanalysis, and SD‐WACCMX. Our emphasis was on the 2008–2010 time period when several strong MJO events occurred. SD‐WACCMX and SABER tides show characteristically similar MJO‐signal in the MLT region. The tides largely respond to the MJO in the tropospheric tidal forcing and less so to the MJO in tropospheric/stratospheric background winds. We further quantify the MJO response in the MLT region in the SD‐WACCMX zonal and meridional momentum forcing by separating the relative contributions of classical (Coriolis force and pressure gradient) and nonclassical forcing (advection and gravity wave drag [GWD]) which transport the MJO‐signal into the upper atmosphere. Interestingly, the tidal MJO‐response is larger in summer due to larger momentum forcing in the MLT region despite the MJO being most active in winter. We find that tidal advection and GWD forcing in MLT can work together or against each other depending on their phase relationship to the MJO‐phases.
Green copper oxide nanoparticles for lead, nickel, and cadmium removal from contaminated water
Authors: Mahmoud Alaa El Din , Al-Qahtani Khairia M. , Alflaij Sahab O. , Al-Qahtani Salma F. , Alsamhan Faten A.
Published: June 2021

Environmentally friendly copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were prepared with a green synthesis route without using hazardous chemicals. Hence, the extracts of mint leaves and orange peels were utilized as reducing agents to synthesize CuO NPs-1 and CuO NPs-2, respectively. The synthesized CuO NPs nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), BET surface area, Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Various parameters of batch experiments were considered for the removal of Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II) using the CuO NPs such as nanosorbent dose, contact time, pH, and initial metal concentration. The maximum uptake capacity (qm) of both CuO NPs-1 and CuO NPs-2 followed the order of Pb(II) > Ni(II) > Cd(II). The optimum qm of CuO NPs were 88.80, 54.90, and 15.60 mg g−1 for Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II), respectively and occurred at sorbent dose of 0.33 g L−1 and pH of 6. Furthermore, isotherm and kinetic models were applied to fit the experimental data. Freundlich models (R2 > 0.97) and pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.96) were fitted well to the experimental data and the equilibrium of metal adsorption occurred within 60 min.
Amino acid-enriched plant-based RUTF treatment was not inferior to peanut-milk RUTF treatment in restoring plasma amino acid levels among patients with oedematous or non-oedematous malnutrition
Authors: Sato Wataru , Furuta Chie , Akomo Peter , Bahwere Paluku , Collins Steve , Sadler Kate , Banda Chrissy , Maganga Elizabeth , Kathumba Sylvester , Murakami Hitoshi
Published: June 2021

Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) with adequate quality protein is used to treat children with oedematous and non-oedematous severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The plasma amino acid (AA) profile reflects the protein nutritional status; hence, its assessment during SAM treatment is useful in evaluating AA delivery from RUTFs. The objective was to evaluate the plasma AAs during the treatment of oedematous and non-oedematous SAM in community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) using amino acid-enriched plant-based RUTFs with 10% milk (MSMS-RUTF) or without milk (FSMS-RUTF) compared to peanut milk RUTF (PM-RUTF). Plasma AA was measured in a non-blinded, 3-arm, parallel-group, simple randomized controlled trial conducted in Malawi. The RUTFs used for SAM were FSMS-RUTF, MSMS-RUTF or PM-RUTF. A non-inferiority hypothesis was tested to compare plasma AA levels from patients treated with FSMS-RUTF or MSMS-RUTF with those from patients treated with PM-RUTF at discharge. For both types of SAM, FSMS-RUTF and MSMS-RUTF treatments were non-inferior to the PM-RUTF treatment in restoration of the EAA and cystine except that for FSMS-RUTF, methionine and tryptophan partially satisfied the non-inferiority criteria in the oedematous group. Amino-acid-enriched milk-free plant-source-protein RUTF has the potential to restore all the EAA, but it is possible that enrichment with amino acids may require more methionine and tryptophan for oedematous children.
Isolation, identification and utilization of lactic acid bacteria from silage in a warm and humid climate area
Authors: Peng Chao , Sun Wentao , Dong Xiang , Zhao Lili , Hao Jun
Published: June 2021

The study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from silages and their application to improve the fermentation quality of alfalfa. Forty-nine LAB strains were isolated from silages, and two strains were screened for growth and acid production rates. Then two strains were selected for Physiological and morphological tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. They were Gram-positive and Catalase-negative and were able to grow at pH 3.5 and at 45 °C, were unable to grow different NaCl concentrations as 3.0% and 6.5%. Strain BDy3-10 was identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, while TSy1-3 was identified as L. buchneri. The selected strains were evaluated on fermentation of alfalfa silage. The highest crude protein content occurred in the BDy3-10 treatment group. The contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the TSy1-3 treatment were significantly lower than other treatment (P < 0.05). Compared to the control treatment, inoculation treatments deceased pH during ensiling (P < 0.001) and provided the most increased lactic acid content after ensiling for 10 days (P < 0.001). The acetic acid contents of all the inoculation groups were significantly increased (P < 0.001) during ensiling, and were lower than that of control group (P < 0.001). So, the TSy1-3 treatment most effectively improved the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage in warm and humid climate area.
Advanced sol–gel process for efficient heterogeneous ring-closing metathesis
Authors: Aharon Shiran , Meyerstein Dan , Tzur Eyal , Shamir Dror , Albo Yael , Burg Ariela
Published: June 2021

Olefin metathesis, a powerful synthetic method with numerous practical applications, can be improved by developing heterogeneous catalysts that can be recycled. In this study, a single-stage process for the entrapment of ruthenium-based catalysts was developed by the sol–gel process. System effectiveness was quantified by measuring the conversion of the ring-closing metathesis reaction of the substrate diethyl diallylmalonate and the leakage of the catalysts from the matrix. The results indicate that the nature of the precursor affects pore size and catalyst activity. Moreover, matrices prepared with tetraethoxysilane at an alkaline pH exhibit a better reaction rate than in the homogenous system under certain reaction conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to present a one-step process that is simpler and faster than the methods reported in the literature for catalyst entrapment by the sol–gel process under standard conditions.
Glucose oxidase-mediated tumor starvation therapy combined with photothermal therapy for colon cancer
Authors: Zhu Huanhuan , Li Yunchun , Ming Zunzhen , Liu Weiwei
Published: June 2021

A biomimetic multifunctional nanoreactor is developed by encapsulating glucose oxidase and gold nanorods (AuNRs) in an erythrocyte membrane camouflaged metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticle (ZGAM).
Chemoselective hydroborative reduction of nitro motifs using a transition-metal-free catalyst
Authors: Yao Wubing , Wang Jiali , Lou Yinpeng , Wu Haijian , Qi Xinxin , Yang Jianguo , Zhong Aiguo
Published: June 2021

The first transition-metal-free catalysts for deoxygenative reduction of nitroarenes, nitro heteroarenes and even notoriously challenging nitroalkanes using pinacolborane have been reported.
In situ growth of 2D BiOI precursors on a porous conductive framework for a high performance bismuth based aqueous battery
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Zhang Xiaodong , Feng Liping , Pan Haixi , Yang Beining , Zheng Xiaoqi , Dong Guangzhi
Published: June 2021

In this work, a porous conductive framework (PCF) was constructed and high performance Ni3S2//Bi aqueous battery was assembled based on the PCF.
First on-sky demonstration of spatial Linear Dark Field Control with the vector-Apodizing Phase Plate at Subaru/SCExAO
Authors: Bos S. P. , Miller K. L. , Lozi J. , Guyon O. , Doelman D. S. , Vievard S. , Sahoo A. , Deo V. , Jovanovic N. , Martinache F. , Currie T. , Snik F.
Published: June 2021

Context.One of the key noise sources that currently limits high-contrast imaging observations for exoplanet detection is quasi-static speckles. Quasi-static speckles originate from slowly evolving non-common path aberrations (NCPA). These NCPA are related to the different optics encountered in the wavefront sensing path and the science path, and they also exhibit a chromatic component due to the difference in the wavelength between the science camera and the main wavefront sensor. These speckles degrade the contrast in the high-contrast region (or dark hole) generated by the coronagraph and make the calibration in post-processing more challenging.

Aims.The purpose of this work is to present a proof-of-concept on-sky demonstration of spatial Linear Dark Field Control (LDFC). The ultimate goal of LDFC is to stabilize the point spread function by addressing NCPA using the science image as additional wavefront sensor.

Methods.We combined spatial LDFC with the Asymmetric Pupil vector-Apodizing Phase Plate (APvAPP) on the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics system at the Subaru Telescope. To allow for rapid prototyping and easy interfacing with the instrument, LDFC was implemented in Python. This limited the speed of the correction loop to approximately 20 Hz. With the APvAPP, we derive a high-contrast reference image to be utilized by LDFC. LDFC is then deployed on-sky to stabilize the science image and maintain the high-contrast achieved in the reference image.

Results.In this paper, we report the results of the first successful proof-of-principle LDFC on-sky tests. We present results from two types of cases: (1) correction of instrumental errors and atmospheric residuals plus artificially induced static aberrations introduced on the deformable mirror and (2) correction of only atmospheric residuals and instrumental aberrations. When introducing artificial static wavefront aberrations on the DM, we find that LDFC can improve the raw contrast by a factor of 3–7 over the dark hole. In these tests, the residual wavefront error decreased by ∼50 nm RMS, from ∼90 nm to ∼40 nm RMS. In the case with only residual atmospheric wavefront errors and instrumental aberrations, we show that LDFC is able to suppress evolving aberrations that have timescales of < 0.1–0.4 Hz. We find that the power at 10−2Hz is reduced by a factor of ∼20, 7, and 4 for spatial frequency bins at 2.5, 5.5, and 8.5λ/D, respectively.

Conclusions.We have identified multiplied challenges that have to be overcome before LDFC can become an integral part of science observations. The results presented in this work show that LDFC is a promising technique for enabling the high-contrast imaging goals of the upcoming generation of extremely large telescopes.
A fast multi-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic formulation of the transition region adaptive conduction (TRAC) method
Authors: Johnston C. D. , Hood A. W. , De Moortel I. , Pagano P. , Howson T. A.
Published: June 2021

We have demonstrated that the transition region adaptive conduction (TRAC) method permits fast and accurate numerical solutions of the field-aligned hydrodynamic equations, successfully removing the influence of numerical resolution on the coronal density response to impulsive heating. This is achieved by adjusting the parallel thermal conductivity, radiative loss, and heating rates to broaden the transition region (TR), below a global cutoff temperature, so that the steep gradients are spatially resolved even when using coarse numerical grids. Implementing the original 1D formulation of TRAC in multi-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models would require tracing a large number of magnetic field lines at every time step in order to prescribe a global cutoff temperature to each field line. In this paper, we present a highly efficient formulation of the TRAC method for use in multi-dimensional MHD simulations, which does not rely on field line tracing. In the TR, adaptive local cutoff temperatures are used instead of global cutoff temperatures to broaden any unresolved parts of the atmosphere. These local cutoff temperatures are calculated using only local grid cell quantities, enabling the MHD extension of TRAC to efficiently account for the magnetic field evolution, without tracing field lines. Consistent with analytical predictions, we show that this approach successfully preserves the properties of the original TRAC method. In particular, the total radiative losses and heating remain conserved under the MHD formulation. Results from 2D MHD simulations of impulsive heating in unsheared and sheared arcades of coronal loops are also presented. These simulations benchmark the MHD TRAC method against a series of 1D models and demonstrate the versatility and robustness of the method in multi-dimensional magnetic fields. We show, for the first time, that pressure differences, generated during the evaporation phase of impulsive heating events, can produce current layers that are significantly narrower than the transverse energy deposition.
Research on site selection of electric vehicle swap station based on actual data
Authors: Ge Qin , He Huan
Published: June 2021

In order to facilitate users to switch batteries, starting from the trajectory of electric vehicles, rationally arrange the location of electric vehicle switch stations. First, determine the service radius of the swap station from the consideration of the driver's driving preference, the service target of the swap station and the cruising range of electric vehicles; secondly, use the grid method to divide the Jinjiang District into 42 sub-regions. Through the analysis of massive driving data, combined with power exchange demand and median center theory, the candidate site for the power exchange station in Jinjiang District was initially selected. Finally, the location allocation model is used to select the distribution of the replacement stations when the number of stations is the smallest and the coverage is the largest, and sensitivity analysis is carried out. The conclusion shows that: when the service radius is 3.03km, 12 substations can meet 93.21% of the points.
Optimization strategy of automobile dispatching based on neural network model
Authors: Wang Chuyuan
Published: June 2021

As a representative product of the sharing economy era and a powerful supplement to public transportation shared cars have the characteristics of convenience, efficiency, environmental protection, and green travel, and to a certain extent alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand, and solve the problem of long-term idle vehicles and overloaded operation of roads problems. But the uneven distribution of shared cars, the coexistence of no cars, and empty seats will happen. To solve the above problems, this article first analyzes data outliers, data missing values, and data standardization processing on the attached data, and then builds a BP neural network demand prediction model to obtain the distribution of shared car usage in the city.
The Evaluation of the thermal storage electric heating system Operation Management
Authors: Jing Lu , Lei Liu , Weizheng Kong , Fangyuan Pan
Published: June 2021

Replacing fossil energy with the high proportion of renewable energy power in the field of enduse energy is the main way to reduce carbon emissions from energy combustion. Building heating is an important component in the field of end-use energy. The thermal storage electric heating system could use wind power during low power load periods at night for building heating. On the one hand, it helps to solve the problem of wind power accommodation, on the other hand it helps to achieve carbon emission reduction in the field of building heating. Based on the background of the thermal storage electric heating system for wind power accommodation, the influencing factors that affect the efficiency and benefits of electric heating system is analysed, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to construct regenerative electric heating system operation management evaluation system.
The Techniques Used on the Development of COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Su Jiatong
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It was first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and continues until now, which becomes one of the deadliest pandemics in history and leads to a global recession. Thus, the production of the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 become extremely urgent for all countries in order to control the epidemic. Therefore, the scientific community has made the rapid and significant progress in the development of vaccines against COVID-19, i.e., the entire vaccine manufacturing and production cycle has been greatly shortened. Up to now, more than 200 candidate vaccines have been created. In this paper, several vaccine technologies commonly used in the manufacture of COVID-19 vaccine are summarized. Besides, the different technologies that have been utilized for manufacturing are introduced. Furthermore, the corresponding clinical data are listed and discussed for the sake of indicating the success or failure of the vaccine.
Robust Estimation of Marginal Abatement Cost of Water Pollutant: Evidence from Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Kai Wang , Hengquan Zhang
Published: June 2021

Based on the econometric method of bootstrap for 1000 times, this study estimated the marginal abatement cost of water pollutant, COD and NH3-N, for 9 provinces and 2 municipalities in the Yangtze River Basin from 2001 to 2017 by building a robust estimation model. We found that the marginal abatement cost increases at an average annual rate of 19.47%. The marginal abatement cost in Jiangsu and Sichuan are significantly higher than other regions. Differences in marginal abatement cost make it possible to trade emission rights between regions.
Offshore Oil Pollution and Prevention Measures
Authors: Yang Shasha , Xing Kuanhong , Yang Yong
Published: June 2021

Oil pollution is one of the main pollutions of the marine environment. With the year-on-year increase of our country's oil imports and maritime transportation, our country's offshore oil pollution has become more and more serious, causing serious harm to the ocean and the nearshore environment. According to the current situation of marine oil pollution, the article outlines the current situation, sources, hazards of marine oil pollution, and the methods currently used to deal with and prevent marine oil pollution in physics, chemistry and biology.
Research on Green Design Strategy of Office Building
Authors: Chen Hong , Luo Wei , Zhao Fengbing , Geng Limei , Cheng Shiyun
Published: June 2021

Green building design refers to reducing the energy consumption of buildings through the use of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly technologies during the design and construction of buildings. The consumption of water resources and electric energy in office buildings is significantly higher than that of ordinary residential buildings, which has a greater impact on the environment during the construction process. Therefore, the use of green building design in the design of office buildings plays an important role in reducing building energy consumption. This article takes an office building in Chongqing as an example to explain the green optimization design and provide support for subsequent related constructions.
Study on the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals in Northwest China under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Liu Guifang , Shuai Lina , Chen li , Tang Changmin , Xiang Yuanxi
Published: June 2021

To understand the development status of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) hospitals in Northwest China under the background of the Belt and Road initiative(B&R), this study analyses the health resource index of TCM hospitals in Northwest China, and finds that the development of TCM hospitals in Qinghai and Ningxia is relatively slow, the recognition of ethnomedical services is relatively low among the residents. Regional linkage could be used to co-ordinately facilitate the development of TCM hospitals in Northwest China. B&R could be taken advantage of to promote the high-quality development of local ethnic medicine. Cultivating composite TCM talents, promoting poverty alleviation with TCM services, advocating TCM culture could all be utilized to build the People-to-people bonds along the new Silk Road.
Review on Colonrectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Xinghan
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study of colon cancer is to introduce the basic information of cancer cell and the basic information of colon cancer. The research on colon cancer gave the information about hallmarks of cancer cell. exaggerated continuous proliferation, resistance to cell death as well as tumor suppressors, angiogenesis, spreading and metastasis and replicative immortality, the symptoms of colon cancer: Frequent bowel dysfunction (Diarrhea-constipation), Abdominal pain, nausea & vomiting, Pain during defecation, and Bloating, the types of colon cancer: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome, nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer, and the treatment of colon cancer: Treatment strategies differ according to the stage and development of the tumor. Surgery and adjuvant chemo are the two common methods in stages 2 and 3 of the disease. Palliative care is most common in patients at stage 4 to improve quality of life. The information which extracted from papers from other researchers formed the research of colon cancer.
Lactic acid bacteria antibacterial peptides: classification and current application
Authors: Jiang Kaiting
Published: June 2021

Recently, the antibacterial peptides (bacteriocin) have spurred interest of scholars, and many studies on Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bacteriocin have been carried out. With the improvement of living standard and health awareness, people tend to pay more attention to food safety. Chemical preservatives are rejected because of their residual properties and toxicity. Applying antibacterial peptides, which serve as natural preservation, to food industry is an inevitable trend[1]. In this paper, the classification of LAB antimicrobial peptides and their application in food system are reviewed. The classification of bacteriocin, the current major food packaging technology, the application of LAB bacteriocin in different industries have been discussed.
Exercise in Patients with Non-cardiac Myocardial Injury under Optical Microscope
Authors: Zhang Hailian , Wang Changlong , Wang Lijun
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular disease has been increasing year by year, has gradually developed into a global health problem, in the world wide concern. Non - cardiac injury is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. The rehabilitation of patients with non-cardiac myocardial injury is related to their life and quality of life. Rehabilitation exercise is helpful to improve the therapeutic effect of patients. The purpose of this paper is to explore the specific effects of rehabilitation exercise on non-cardiac myocardial injury and to promote the full play of the role of rehabilitation exercise in the treatment of noncardiac myocardial injury. First to illustrate the application of optical microscope, and then from the specific reflection of non cardiac myocardial damage and formation mechanism are introduced, based on the cases were retrospectively analyzed experiment, to explore the rehabilitation exercise in the cardiac effects of myocardial injury treatment, and on the basis of this puts forward the corresponding scientific rehabilitation exercise plan. Experimental results show that compared with the rehabilitation exercise intervention before and after rehabilitation exercise intervention, non cardiac myocardial injury in the therapeutic effect of 17% or so, in the treatment of speed increased by about 21%, in the recurrence rate was reduced by 17% or so, so sports in promoting the cardiac myocardial injury treatment has good effect.
Efficacy of Zhifei Kangfu Decoction in the Treatment of Infantile Pneumonia in the Recovery Period
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Cao Caihong , Guo Xin , Shan Haijun
Published: June 2021

The objective of this article is to explore the effect of applying Zhifei Kangfu Decoction on the treatment effect of patients during the recovery period of children with pneumonia. The method of this research is to take patients who were treated in our hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 as an example to carry out the research work. The researchers selected all patients in the recovery period of pediatric pneumonia, and the number was selected as 100 cases, who were divided into two groups, and the treatment methods used are conventional western medicine and Zhifei Kangfu Decoction treatment, who were named the control group and the experimental group, and the clinical treatment effects of the two groups of patients are compared and analyzed. The effective rate and adverse reaction rate of children in the experimental group were 96.00% and 4.00%, respectively. The effective rate and adverse reaction rate of children in the control group were 82.00% and 30.00%, respectively. Asthma, cough relieving, and treatment time were shorter than those of the control group, and the difference in the data was P<0.05, which was statistically significant. The experimental group had better results. The treatment of children in the recovery period of pneumonia and the application of Zhifei Kangfu Decoction can promote the improvement of clinical efficacy, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in children, and have a positive significance in promoting the recovery of children.
The corneal biomechanical changes after SMILE and LASIK refractive surgery were compared based on finite element analysis
Authors: Song Yinyu , Fang Lihua , Du Ruirui , Lin Luchao , Tao Xingming
Published: June 2021

The three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of human eye was established, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was loaded to simulate refractive surgery. The biomechanical properties of human cornea after SMILE and LASIK surgery were studied from the stress, strain and induced wavefront aberration. Our results showed that SMILE had less impact on the biomechanics, having less stress and strain changes than LASIK. However, the stress and strain of the cornea increased with the increase of the diopter and were concentrated in the central region. We also investigated the changes in wavefront aberrations of the cornea after surgery, and the results indicated that the defocus and vertical commotion were significantly affected by SMILE and LASIK surgery, while the remaining aberrations were approximately unchanged. In conclusion, both SMILE and LASIK sergury procedures changed the postoperative corneal biomechanics, but SMILE had less impact on the biomechanics of corneal.
The Feasibility of Using Probiotics to Treat Depression
Authors: Xihe Yu
Published: June 2021

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. It refers to a kind of mood disorder with significant and lasting depression as the main clinical symptoms caused by various reasons. Its core symptoms are depression, loss of interest, lack of energy, often accompanied by physical symptoms, cognitive symptoms and so on. Serious patients have the risk of self injury and suicide. Most drug treatments focus on changing neurotransmitter activity in the brain, and Probiotics are a kind of active microorganisms which are beneficial to the host. They are colonized in the human intestinal tract and reproductive system and can produce exact health effects, thus improving the balance of the host's microecology and playing a beneficial role. Ingestion of certain probiotics seems to be a potential treatment for depression.
A Study on the Influencing Factors of Medical Students' Behavior of Seeking Medical Treatment and the Utilization of Medical Service
Authors: Yu Qian , Zhang Xiaoxiang
Published: June 2021

By using questionnaire survey and statistical analysis method, this paper studies the influencing factors of medical students' behavior of seeking medical care and the utilization of medical services. It is found that there are three main choices of medical students' behavior of seeking medical care after illness, which are school hospital, community health service center and self-treatment, accounting for 36.5%, 24.2% and 15.9% respectively. And the grade, place of origin, medical security system and self-rated health status had significant effects on medical students' medical behavior (P<0.05).The place of origin and medical security system were the main influencing factors of medical students' utilization of medical services (P<0.05).Therefore, in order to guide the medical students to go to a doctor correctly and promote the effective use of medical services, the first is to enhance the medical care consciousness of medical students, the second is to develop the health management of college students, the third is to improve the medical service ability of school hospitals, the fourth is to perfect the medical security system of college students.
Study on the Degradation Effect of Three Organophosphorus Hydrolase Mutant on Sarin
Authors: Gu Qiamin , Zhao Chuanxin , Xi Hailing , Liu Min , Chen Gaoyun
Published: June 2021

Organophosphorus hydrolase can effectively degrade organic phosphorus compounds such as sarin. In this study, we constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis mutant expressing organophosphorus hydrolase, measured the effect of the mutant on the degradation rate of nerve agent sarin, and selected the optimal mutation scheme. Three different hydrolase mutant genes, 257L, 257Y and 303T, were ligated to PMA0911 vector and transferred into Bacillus subtilis WB800 to construct the target recombinant strain successfully. The recombinant bacteria secreted the target protein by fermentation. The effect of enzyme protein on the degradation of sarin was determined by the benzidine method. The optimal mutant was screened, and its enzymatic performance was explored. The effects of three organophosphorus hydrolase mutants on the hydrolysis rate of sarin were detected. The results showed that the 257Y mutant accelerated the hydrolysis of sarin significantly. Point mutation can improve the enzyme activity of wild-type organophosphorus hydrolase to a certain extent, laying the foundation for subsequent in-depth research.