bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Democratización del conocimiento: Un enfoque desde la universidad pública
Authors: Barragán-Ocaña Alejandro , Ballesteros-Leiner Arturo , Romero-Rodríguez Leticia , Morales-Arroyo Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2020

Con frecuencia el avance y uso del conocimiento han sido relacionados como uno de los indicadores más importantes para el desarrollo económico y bienestar social de países y regiones. Sin embargo, independientemente de los factores teórico metodológicos que impulsan el desarrollo del conocimiento, el acceso a este activo intangible se encuentra limitado a diversas condiciones económicas, sociales, culturales e incluso del mismo conocimiento per se que cada individuo desarrolla dentro de la sociedad. El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación consiste en realizar un análisis teórico desde una perspectiva sociológica de la ciencia y la tecnología, sobre el papel que desempeña la universidad pública en la democratización del conocimiento al interior de su comunidad y de la sociedad en general, señalando los principales avances y obstáculos que ésta presenta durante la difusión del mismo.
El proceso de visibilización de las mujeres con discapacidad: Diferencia y perfil
Authors: Diaz Balado Alicia
Published: May 2020

En las últimas décadas, se viene abordando, en el marco de los Estudios de Género, la invisibilidad de las mujeres como grupo y de forma vinculada, el posterior reconocimiento de la diferencia femenina. Se ha estudiado el proceso de discapacitación que ha afectado a las mujeres de forma colectiva. A este respecto, resulta de interés la observación de las mencionadas circunstancias en el colectivo de las mujeres con discapacidad, grupo que ha sido sujeto central de análisis en los Estudios de Género. Con este objeto, se realiza un recorrido por las diferentes aportaciones al tema desde las teorías de género y a partir del análisis que combina género y discapacidad. Se menciona además el sentido y la importancia de las publicaciones que al respecto se han editado; se aproxima su línea de trabajo con la muestra de algunos ejemplos. La presente contribución pretende acercar la reﬂexión alrededor de la construcción de la diferencia en las mujeres con discapacidad, como grupo "minorizado" en la sociedad.
Contribución de las ciencias sociales y humanas a las ciencias de la salud: Ejemplo de una investigación multidisciplinaria
Authors: Gómez Cardona Liliana
Published: May 2020

El pluralismo cultural y la diversidad social atraviesan diferentes contextos sociales en el mundo contemporaneo, ejerciendo diferentes impactos sobre las instituciones oficiales. En el contexto de los servicios de salud de una ciudad cosmopolita como Montreal, la realización de nuevos proyectos de investigación y de intervención se hace necesaria, con el fin de evaluar la manera como los diversos grupos poblacionales entran en relación con dichos servicios. A nivel investigativo, se hace indispensable la creación de colaboraciones interdisciplinarias con las cuales poder examinar las situaciones clínicas, a la luz de los diferentes elementos que la componen: sociales, culturales y étnicos. En este artículo, expongo algunas reflexiones que se derivan de una investigación interdiscip-linaria entre antropólogos y médicos, cuyo tema central giro en torno de los desórdenes funcionales del intestino dentro de la población infantil. Este trabajo en antropología médica permitió documentar y analizar los discursos de las familias y de los niños alrededor de la percepción de dicho problema de salud, así como de las prácticas y soluciones que estos ponen en marcha y con las cuales buscan aliviar el dolor y lograr un estado de bienestar. Las reflexiones que comparto en este artículo tienen como centro de interés los principales referentes teóricos y metodológicos utilizados desde la disciplina antropológica, los cuales seran ilustrados con la ayuda de algunos extractos de entrevistas realizadas. Mas allá de simplemente enumerar los resultados de la investigación, muestro un ejemplo de colabora-ción fructífera entre la antropología y la pediatría, la cual abre perspectivas de investigación y de aplicación futuras en lo que atañe a las relaciones entre las familias, las comunidades y los servicios institucionales.
Learning with Properties: Restrictiveness and Typological Structure*
Authors: DelBusso Natalie
Published: May 2020

A learner's task is to find the most restrictive grammar consistent with the data of their language. This paper develops an OT learning algorithm that incorporates typological-level information from Property Analysis to increase restrictiveness and successfully learn subset languages. Based on Tesar's (2014) Output-Driven Learner (ODL), Property-ODL (PODL) uses ERCs taken from property values encoding specific markedness > faithfulness rankings. PODL was tested in a learning simulation for the phonological system in Tesar (2014), Paka, which presents the challenging case of languages in paradigmatic subset relations. In ODL, these require additional methods to be learned. PODL eliminates the need for these in learning the paradigmatic subsets and overall reduces the use of less-tested methods in learning the grammars of the typology.
Prosody and EPP in Swahili
Authors: Lee Soo-Hwan
Published: May 2020

The precise motivation for affixation has not been entirely settled. Noyer (1992) and Hankamer & Mikkelsen (2018) argue that the identity of an affix is recognized in syntax-free contexts or in postsyntactic environments. On the other hand, Richards (2010, 2016) proposes a way of identifying affixes by looking into their metrical dependencies initially detected in narrow syntax. Here, I argue alongside Richards (2016) that these suprasegmental features are visible in syntax and that they trigger XP-movements (see also Branan 2018). According to Contiguity Theory (Richards 2016), overt movements triggered by syntactic features such as [uwh] and Extended Projection Principle (EPP) in the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1993, 1995) are reanalyzed as operations sensitive to the interaction between syntax and prosody. To be more specific, narrow syntax looks at certain phonological information that works in favor of the initial shape of prosody. This suggests that syntactic movement is sensitive to prosodic contiguity prior to spell-out. Richards (2016) discusses some key motivations for movement. They include Probe-Goal Contiguity, Affix Support, and Untethering. Adopting some of the basic assumptions proposed in Match Theory (Selkirk 2009, 2011), Contiguity Theory looks into phonological motivations for wh-movement and EPP. In this paper, I argue that Swahili demands additional explanation as to how prosodic requirements are satisfied. In detail, I present an analysis accounting for the wh-in-situ phenomenon as well as the presence of EPP in Swahili. With regards to the presence of EPP, I propose that Swahili tense affixes require metrical boundaries on both left and right of their peripheries. The metrical boundary on the right is satisfied by the phonological content inside vP. The metrical boundary on its left is satisfied by an XP targeting [Spec,TP] which gives rise to the desired EPP-effect.
Variables Must be Limited to a Single Feature
Authors: Prickett Brandon
Published: May 2020

In this paper, I show that applying variables in the unconstrainted way that Halle (1962) first proposed causes the representation of certain phonotactic patterns to be simplified. I go on to show that this simplification prohibits an otherwise standard MaxEnt model from being biased in ways that reflect human behavior. As a solution, I propose limiting variables to occurring in the same feature across different segments. This not only prevents the pathological predictions for learnability, but it also makes variables represent more modern theories of assimilation and dissimilation like autosegmental spreading (Goldsmith, 1976) and surface correspondence constraints (Rose & Walker, 2004).
Cumulative constraint interaction and the equalizer of OT and HG
Authors: Mai Anna , Bakovic Eric
Published: May 2020

We show that, in general, Optimality Theory (OT) grammars containing a restricted family of locally-conjoined constraints (Smolensky 2006) make the same typological predictions as corresponding Harmonic Grammar (HG) grammars. We provide an intuition for the generalization using a simple constrast and neutralization typology, as well as a formal proof. This demonstration adds structure to claims about the (non)equivalence of HG and OT with local conjunction (Legendre et al. 2006, Pater 2016) and provides a tool for understanding how different sets of constraints lead to the same typological predictions in HG and OT.
Representation and the Computation of Long Distance Tone Processes
Authors: Mamadou Tajudeen , Jardine Adam
Published: May 2020

This paper shows how enhancing the representation, while fixing the logical power of computation, provides a better characterization of the computationally complex tone processes, the unbounded circumembient (UC) processes noted in Jardine (2016). Using Autosegmental Representations, we define tone-TBU associations as quantifier-free least fixed point transductions, which allow us to extend the notion of subsequentiality to the otherwise non subsequential UC processes.
Modeling Vowel Quantity Scales in Q Theory
Authors: Garvin Karee , Lapierre Myriam , Schwarz Martha , Inkelas Sharon
Published: May 2020

A growing body of research suggests that vowels vary in degree of strength. These strength differences are borne out in the degree to which these segments undergo or trigger phonological processes such as stress assignment or harmony. Traditionally, this variability has been accounted for through binary differences in phonological representations, such as presence or absence of a segment in the underlying representation, presence or absence of a phonological feature, and moraicity or non-moraicity of the relevant segment. While distinctions in underlying status and moraic structure are an effective tool for capturing some of the observed differences in vowel strength, they do not capture all attested differences. In this paper, we offer evidence supporting a four-point strength scale to which faithfulness and markedness constraints can refer. This model allows for strength differences among underlying and inserted vowels, and within monomoraic and bimoraic vowels as well, subject to scalar implications.  We argue that Q-Theoretic representations offer the necessary representational tool to capture the full range of vowel strength.
Phantom structure: A representational account of floating tone association
Authors: Rolle Nicholas , Lionnet Florian
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the association of floating tones. One type we call "phonological association", where the tone-bearing unit (TBU) the floating tone associates to is determined by the phonological grammar, e.g. to a default position like a stressed syllable or domain edge. We contrast this with another type we call "targeted association", whereby the floating tone targets a numerical position , e.g. a floating H associates to the fourth TBU of the stem. Targeted association is idiosyncratic to the sponsoring morpheme, and does not necessarily target a default position. Such data have been taken as evidence for counting in grammar. Instead, we propose a novel representation we call "phantom structure", without counting. Phantom structure formalizes the observation that certain morphemes require structure to be present in order for their floating tone to be realized, but cannot provide this structure themselves. Under the targeted association type, the floating tone is pre-associated to a specific position in the phantom structure. We show that a simple grammar with two partially overlapping correspondence relations - substantive input and output structure (SubO-CORR) and phantom and output structure (PhO-CORR) - derives the association of the floating tone to the equivalent numerical position in the output as in the phantom plane input.
Editors' Note
Authors: Baek Hyunah , Takahashi Chikako , Yeung Alex Hong-Lun
Published: May 2020

This document summarizes the conference and proceedings volumes.
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION MEASURES IN THE COCONUT INDUSTRY OF SRI LANKA
Authors: H W S de Silva
Published: May 2020

The apparent objectives of the govemment intervention measures in the coconut industry are identified and ranked. The inadequacy of data prevents estimation of basic coefficients re­quired for the analysis. The partial equilibrium‑analysis based on “a prior' expectations shows that the opportunities available to im­prove the tenns of trade in desiccated coconut and edible copra exports justify government intervention in these two products in the foriu of export duties. There may also be some justification for expanding extension services and public investment on coco­nut researeh, which enables to realise the production objective of government. The implications of the study crucially depend on the assumptions and the partial equilibrium technique used.
Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Koneksi Politik dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Potensi Tax Avoidance
Authors: Sari Kartika , Somoprawiro Rawidjo Mulyo
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analyze and obtain empirical evidence of Corporate Governance, Political Connection and Profitability to Tax avoidance. Independent variabels are proxied by Corporate Governance, Political Connection and Profitability, the dependent variable is proxied by Tax avoidance and control variables are proxied by Firm Size and Firm Age.  The sample used in this study is secondary data derivied from the financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2018. Sample were taken by purposive sampling method and met the sample selection criteria. The sample used was 48 companies. Data is processed with Eviews Version 9 software and using the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method. The results show that Political Connections do not have an influence on Tax Avoidance, Corporate Governance that is proxied by Audit Quality does not have an effect on Tax Avoidance, while Corporate Governance which is proxied by the Audit Committee and Independent Board of Commissioners has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. Profitability has negative effect to Tax avoidance.
A Study on the Discontinuation Management of Parts in the Weapon System
Authors: Song WangKeun , Choi YongHoon
Published: May 2020

Although the performance of the weapon system is becoming more advanced and precise with the development of science and technology, the development of such technology can significantly affect the performance of the weapon system by shortening the life cycle of the component. the purpose of this study is to explore solutions for smooth operation and maintenance through examples and establish alternatives.

Among the various weapons systems, the combined weapons system, vessel, is becoming incomparably complex and diverse in structure with the help of the development of electric and electronic technologies. Among them, the combat system is the system that has the greatest impact on the functions of the ship as it is operated in conjunction with various mounting equipment, and so component shutdown control is a representative of the projects that are needed first.

Therefore, in this study, we propose a case-by-case alternative by analyzing the progress of the end-of-life management work through the case of the Jangbogo-III combat system development project, which was the first project to apply the component control program and the Refresh program in Korea, and we propose a process for component discontinuation management during the total life cycle of the entire period for the incomplete information. The analysis results and processes from the examples presented in this study are expected to contribute to increasing reliability and availability as well as budget savings in the acquisition and maintenance stages of weapons systems in the future.
Is Chi Running a Safer Alternative for those at Increased Cardiovascular Risk?
Authors: Chakravorty Triya , Jackson Elaine
Published: May 2020

Cardiovascular disease is a global burden, and exercise is a well-recognised route to reducing the risk. Running is an effective form of exercise; however, its intensive nature leads to an increased risk of injury. ChiRunning is an alternative running programme that uses principles of mindfulness adapted from Tai Chi. It focuses on altering running gait, with the goal to decrease injury risk. Due to ChiRunning’s recent emergence, data is limited. However, results suggest that ChiRunning improves running gait and may reduce injury risk when compared to traditional methods. Future research with larger sample sizes is required to assess its effectiveness.
COVID-19 & Climate Change
Authors: Damani Aahil
Published: May 2020

Climate change has been a focal issue for centuries, but even more so in the last decade, with much focus in recent months on the Venetian natural hazards and the Australian bushfires; visible events that were close to home; in the West. However, fast forward a few months, we now find ourselves in an unimaginable and unprecedented situation; the COVID-19 pandemic, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) as well as an economic crisis, and climate change could not be more relevant.
Per una nuova considerazione del valore economico dei popolamenti forestali
Authors: Andreatta Gianpiero
Published: May 2020

Since silviculture was first introduced, the “economic value” of forest stands has been determined by timber production. Despite the fact that, in the last few decades, the concept of forest ecosystem “multi-functionality” has emerged - a concept that recognizes the multiple services and benefits that the community can benefit from - still, forest stands’ economic value is exclusively determined by their productive function. This concept is also at the root of the governing laws in the forestry sector of our country. A substantial legal and regulatory contribution to overcome the exclusive “productive” considerations of wooded formations followed the Constitutional Court’s ruling 105/2008 stating that forest stands are both a “patrimonial asset” (which its owner can benefit from) and an “environmental asset” (referring to multiple environmental functions exercised for the benefit of society as a whole). In light of this, valuing land only by its timber production sounds outdated. It seems rather appropriate and necessary, from a cultural point of view, that the community supplies wooded land owners - however the type of land - with financial remuneration as acknowledgement for the services and benefits provided by “their” wooded land. This could be obtained by granting owners a government “tax credit”. Different sums are proposed for each forest stand: those subject to management plans and those that are not. Assuming a sum of 100 and 50 euros per hectare for the aforementioned cases, a tax credit would be granted to landowners estimated at € 400 million per year.
Harran Ovası Sulu Koşullarında İkinci Ürün Olarak Yetiştirilen Mısırda Koçan Üstü ve Altı Yaprakların Hasat Zamanının Yeşil Ot ve Tane Verimine Etkileri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: Serap Mutlu AKIL  , Gülşah BENGİSU
Published: May 2020

Bu araştırma, Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Alanında 2002 yılı ikinci ürün yetiştirme sezonunda bölünmüş parseller (Split-Plot) deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Yaprak uzaklaştırma yeri ana parselleri, yaprak uzaklaştırma zamanı (çiçeklenme, süt olum, hamur olum) ise alt parselleri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada, koçan altındaki veya koçan üstündeki yaprakların uzaklaştırılmaları arasında önemli farklılıklar saptanmamıştır. Buna karşın yaprakların erken dönemde uzaklaştırılması, incelenen bütün özelliklerde verilerin azalmasına neden olmuştur. Yaprak uzaklaştırma zamanı geciktikçe tane verimi önemli derecede artmıştır. Yeşil ve kuru yaprak verimleri uzaklaştırma şekli ve zamanından etkilenmemiştir.
Students’ representation of “other” religions
Authors: Addai-Mununkum Richardson
Published: May 2020

With the unfortunate abundance of religious conflicts in the world, it is important that attention is devoted to how students position themselves in relation to religions they do not associate with. On this score, a section of scholarship in social studies education has examined students making meaning of religio-historical and contemporary happenings. Yet, questions relating to students’ representation of “other” religions remain underexplored. From the Ghanaian context where this study is situated, official curriculum mandates teaching about religion, however, little to no evidence exist to support a claim that students’ attitudes change after learning this curriculum. To explore the disconnect, a qualitative study of six Ghanaian elementary schools were conducted for a three-month period. Through interviews, observations focus groups and document analysis, students’ representation of “other religions” were examined. Research outcome revealed that, students mediate their lessons on religion through the lens of their own experiences and metanarratives of their individual faiths. Consequently, they hold two forms of knowledge – authentic official knowledge used for examination purposes and secularized cultural knowledge used in practice. It is concluded that, the vestiges of colonialism and emergent imperialism are deeply implicated in students’ discourses around religion. Therefore, the missing link between content knowledge and attitudinal change may be explained by the failure of pedagogy to acknowledge the impact of contextual happenings on the realization of curriculum objectives. A solution to this conundrum will be for educators to connect academic knowledge to the out-of-school socio-cultural experiences of students
Solving the problem of region creation on the TIN model with DCEL structure
Authors: Hùng Lê Quang , Dương Trần Thùy , Hiếu Vũ Quang , Huệ Lê Hữu
Published: May 2020

With the advances in modern science and technology, we are able to collect and integrate data about earth surfaces to a centralized data model for the purpose of creating topographic maps and cadastral maps. In reality, when it comes to TIN models in geodesy and cartography, TIN model is used to build Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Terrain Model (DTM), or Digital Surface Model (DSM). When applying the TIN model to solve cadastral problems, Topology is a fundamental problem in data processing and data management. The purpose of this paper is to study and to create Topology of land plots on cadastral maps by two methods: traditional “Vector” and “Rasterizing” on TIN model. DCEL structure, which has the advantage of managing independent half edges flexibly in updating data’s changes, is determined to be the data structure in this study. Research results in creating Topo model for land plots can confirm that it is possible to apply TIN model in cadastral data management. Simultaneously, it is also confirmed that the problem of processing combined terrains and cadastral data on a centralized data model has high practical meaning.
Bone, Mattompang Arajang, ‘Kayu Galadupa’ (Sindora galedupa; Fabaceae) dan Jejaring Bugis Nusantara
Authors: Keim Ary Prihardhyanto , Nikmatullah Muhamad , Arifa Nissa , Adi Tukul Rameyo , Wardah Wardah , Sujarwo Wawan
Published: May 2020

The result of this current study shows that Bone as the centre of origin of the Bugisnese civilization is still preserving most of the original tradition alive like the Mattompang Arajang procession, which is now connected with the Anniversary of the City of Watampone, the capital of Bone Regency. Mattompang Arajang procession involves an important component, which is burning the incense. In the past, the incense burned was the indigenous Sulawesi incense known as ‘kayu Galadupa’ (thus the name of the resin is ‘Kemenyan Galadupa’ or Galadupa incense), which is identified here as the resin harvested from Sindora galedupa (Fabaceae). The species is very rarely seen in the forest now and this gave impact to the production of the resin. The Galadupa incense has not been used for many years and slowly forgotten and replaced by the more common Sumatran incense harvested from Styrax benzoin or S. sumatrana (Styracaceae). The Mattompang Arajang yearly procession also acts as a uniting moment for Bugisnese descents throughout Nusantara (i.e. Malay Archipelago and beyond). The prospect of creating a Nusantara Bugisnese Networking is also discussed. In connection with the Mattompang Arajang procession, as the procession is regarded deeply rooted in the Bugisnese existence, the indigenous incense should have been implemented and preserved. This is good news for the conservation of the Galadupa tree, Sindora galedupa in its own homeland.
The Moving Body (Le Corps Poétique)
Authors: Lecoq Jacques
Published: May 2020

‘In life, I want students to be alive and on stage I want them to be artists’ Jacques Lecoq

Jacques Lecoq was one of the most inspirational theatre teachers of our age. In The Moving Body, Lecoq shares with us first-hand his unique philosophy of performance, improvisation, masks, movement and gesture, which together form one of the greatest influences on contemporary theatre.

Neutral mask, character mask and counter masks, bouffons, acrobatics, commedia, clowns and complicity: all the famous Lecoq techniques are covered in this book – techniques that have made their way into the work of former collaborators and students including Dario Fo, Ariane Mnouchkine, Yasmina Reza and Theatre de Complicite.

The book contains a foreword by Simon McBurney and an afterword by Fay Lecoq, Director of the International Theatre School in Paris.
The Development of Teacher Development Innovation for Enhancing Students’ Learning Achievement in Rajaprajanugroh 50 School under the Office of Special Education Administration
Authors: Choktanaprasit Narongrat , Chantarasombat Chalard , Agsonsua Pha
Published: May 2020

The objectives of this research were to: 1) create and specify the achievement goal of developing the innovation for enhancing the learning achievement of schools, 2) develop the potentiality of teachers and educational staffs in enhancing learning achievement of schools with the application of the ESC in coaching and mentoring, 3) monitor and enhance learning achievement of schools, The development and participatory action research were employed through the application of ESC. Research tools consisted of the learning activity package, teaching observation forms, narrative recording form, lesson plan analysis recording form, teaching reflection recording form, and criteria of activity implementation. Statistics used were percentage, mean, standard deviation, effectiveness index and the statistics in hypothesis testing. The results revealed that: 1) The school performed learning transformation project to enhance students’ learning achievement in terms of memorandum of cooperation with the networking schools. 2) The results of the overall development of the potential of teachers and school administrators showed: (1) the efficiency of both activities and tests were 90.96/81.02 which were higher than the committed standard 80/80, (2) the effectiveness index after training was higher than before at 0.7480 showing an increase of knowledge of 74.80%, (3) the mean score of after training was significantly higher than before at the level of 0.01, and (4) there were no statistically significant differences in mean scores on learning retention. 3) The monitoring performance of co-researchers showed the increase in knowledge, practicing, and feeling. 4) The Professional Learning Community building started up with (1) collaboration of all stakeholders, (2) studying and analyzing information, (3) specifying target and indicator, (4) planning and building up a network, (5) presenting learning co-design, (6) trying out innovation after the ESC actions, and (7) sharing the ESC in the school and school network.
Permeation characteristics of tetracyclines in parallel artificial membrane permeation assay II: Effect of divalent metal ions and mucin
Authors: Yamauchi Sachika , Inoue Daisuke , Sugano Kiyohiko
Published: May 2020

The bioavailability of tetracyclines is markedly decreased when co-administered with antacids, milk, or food containing Ca2+. Previously, it was suggested that the effective intestinal permeation of tetracycline (TC) was decreased due to Ca2+ linked mucin binding in the mucosal side. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Ca2+, Mg2+, and mucin on the membrane permeation of six tetracyclines (TC, oxytetracycline (OTC), minocycline (MINO), doxycycline (DOXY), demeclocycline (DMCTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC)). The membrane permeability values (Pe) of tetracyclines were measured by the parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA) using soybean lecithin – decane (SL–PAMPA) and octanol (OCT–PAMPA) membranes. In SL–PAMPA, Ca2+ markedly decreased the Pe values of all tetracyclines. In OCT–PAMPA, Ca2+ increased the Pe values of TC, CTC, and DMCTC, but not DOXY, OTC, and MINO. Mg2+ decreased the Pe values of all tetracyclines in both SL–PAMPA and OCT–PAMPA (except for CTC in OCT–PAMPA). The addition of mucin had little or no effect in all cases. In contrast to the previously suggested mechanism, the results of the present study suggested that Ca2+ chelate formation decreased the membrane permeation of tetracyclines, irrespective of Ca2+ linked mucin binding. Molecular speciation analysis suggested that the permeation of TC – metal chelates was negligibly small in SL-PAMPA.
Acrosome Integrity Spermatozoa Test with Addition of Gentamicin and Sweet Orange Essential Oil in Simmental Bull Liquid Semen
Authors: Sitepu Sukma Aditya , Marisa Julia
Published: May 2020

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage value of spermatozoa acrosome integrity with the addition of gentamicin and sweet orange essential oil on the tris yolk extender on Simmental bull liquid semen.

Methodology: The material that was used in this research included Simmental bull fresh semen, tris yolk extender, gentamicin, and sweet orange essential oil. Tris yolk extender prepares with Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (3.32 g), citric acid (1.86 g), fructose (1.37 g), glycerol (6 ml), egg yolk (20 ml), aqua dest (100 ml). The experimental design used in the study was a nonfactorial Complete Randomized Design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments comprised the addition of sweet orange essential oil at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% inclusion levels. The parameter observed was the evaluation of the percentage value of acrosome integrity before and after equilibration equilibration.

Results: The results showed that the percentage value of acrosome integrity in spermatozoa linearly increased along with the addition of sweet orange essential oil. The addition of sweet orange essential oil had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the percentage of spermatozoa acrosome integrity in Simmental bull liquid semen. The percentage of acrosome integrity on the addition of 0% (P0) sweet orange essential oil is 60%, the addition of 0.25% (P1) is 64%,the addition of 0.5% (P2) is 67%, the addition of 0.75% (P3) is 69%, and the addition of 1% (P4) is 73%.

Conclusion: The addition of 1% (P4) sweet orange essential oil can increase the value of acrosome integrity on spermatozoa, which subsequently improve the quality of Simmental bull liquid semen.
Translocation of colicin E1 through cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli
Authors: Yamada Mamoru , Miki Toru , Nakazawa Atsushi
Published: July 2002

The product of the malE—lacZ gene fusion was reported to compete with some proteins including outer membrane lipoprotein in the protein translocation across the Echerichia coli membrane. The fusion product also inhibited colicin E1 export. Furthermore, globomycin, which accumulated prolipoprotein in the membrane, inhibited the translocation of colicin E1 in the wild‐type cells, but not in lipoprotein‐negative mutant cells. Since colicin E1 contains the internal signal‐like sequence [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1982) 79, 2827–2831], these results suggest that colicin E1 is exported by the aid of this sequence at a common site for maltose‐binding protein and lipoprotein translocation.
The CCK receptor on pancreatic plasma membranes: binding characteristics and covalent cross‐linking
Authors: Sakamoto Choitsu , Williams John A. , Wong K.Y. , Goldfine Ira D.
Published: July 2002

The cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor in purified plasma membranes prepared from mouse pancreatic acini had a binding affinity of 1.8 nM, an acid pH optimum between 6.0 and 6.5, and an analog specificity of CCK8 > CCK33 > desulphated CCK8 > CCK4. Binding of CCK to its receptor was abolished by pretreatment of plasma membranes with trypsin. When [125I]CCK was cross‐linked to its receptors with disuccinimidyl suberate, and the preparation solubilized and subjected to gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, the hormone was associated with M
r 80000 protein in both the presence and absence of the reducing agent dithiothretol.
Nucleotide base sequence of vibrionaceae 5 S rRNA
Authors: MacDonell M.T. , Colwell R.R.
Published: July 2002

Nucleotide base sequences of 5 S rRNAs isolated from Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio anguillarum, and Aeromonas hydrophila were determined. Comparisons among these and sequences of 5 S rRNAs from other species of Vibrionaceae provide information useful in the evaluation of the evolution of bacterial species.
Isolation and structure elucidation of an α‐amylase inhibitor, AI‐3688, from Streptomyces aureofaciens
Authors: Vértesy L. , Tripier D.
Published: July 2002

A novel polypeptide inhibitor, AI‐3688, which acts upon human pancreatic α‐amylase, was isolated from fermentation broth of Streptomyces aureofaciens. The purified peptide contains no unusual amino acids. Its Mr is 3936. The primary structure of AI‐3688 was elucidated by automatic Edman degradation of the native or modified inhibitor. Two intramolecular cysteines form a disulphide bridge, thus creating a ring structure consisting of 17 amino acids. Strong sequence homology also exists to another microbial α‐amylase inhibitor, tendamistat (HOE 467). This paper discusses the role of a common partial sequence, ‐Gln‐Ser‐Trp‐Arg‐Tyr‐, present in the loop of both inhibitors as the active site of microbial peptide α‐amylase inhibitors.
Immunological heterogeneity of hepatic alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase in primary hyperoxaluria type 1
Authors: Wise P.J. , Danpure C.J. , Jennings P.R.
Published: July 2002

Immunoblotting of human liver sonicates, after SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, demonstrated the presence of a 40 kDa protein, corresponding to the subunit of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase, in six controls and three patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase deficiency). This immunoreactive 40 kDa protein was absent in a further nine patients. Subcellular fractionation of patients' livers showed that the 40 kDa protein, when present, was located mainly in the peroxisomes. In a heterozygote liver, the 40 kDa protein was also mainly peroxisomal and paralleled the distribution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity.
Isolation of a novel NADPH‐dependent reductase which coacts with chalcone synthase in the biosynthesis of 6′‐deoxychalcone
Authors: Welle Roland , Grisebach Hans
Published: July 2002

Enzyme synthesis of 6′‐deoxychalcone from 4‐coumaroyl‐CoA and malonyl‐CoA has been achieved, using purified soybean chalcone synthase (CHS), NADPH and a further protein (reductase). This reductase was purified to apparent homogeneity by a procedure including affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose and elution with NADP+. This enzyme has a molecular mass of about 34 kDa and consists of a single polypeptide. Synthesis of deoxychalcone also occurred with parsley CHS, NADPH and the soybean reductase. The reductase catalyzed transfer of the pro‐R hydrogen of [4‐3H]NADPH to the substrate.
Iron‐dependent hydroxyl radical formation and DNA damage from a novel metabolite of the clinically active antitumor drug VP‐16
Authors: Sinha Birandra K. , Eliot Helen M. , Kalayanaraman B.
Published: July 2002

The dihydroxy derivative of VP‐16 (DHVP), a novel metabolite of the clinically active antitumor drug VP‐16, was cytotoxic to human breast tumor cells. It was found that DHVP chelates iron and catalyzes the formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide and reduced glutathione. Ethanol, polyethylene glycol and t‐butanol inhibited the formation of DMPO‐OH, suggesting that perferryl iron was not involved in OH. formation. Under conditions which formed hydroxyl radicals, DHVP also induced nicking of SV40 DNA, suggesting that the mechanism of tumor cell killing by DHVP may involve iron‐dependent free radical formation.
IS421, a new insertion sequence in Escherichia coli
Authors: Sato Showbu , Nakada Yukari , Shiratsuchi Akiko
Published: July 2002

The nucleotide sequence of a new insertion sequence (IS) in Escherichia coli, IS421, was determined. It is 1340 bp long and contains inverted repeats of 22 bp at its termini. It is flanked by 13 bp direct repeats apparently generated upon insertion. There are two ORFs longer than 200 bp in IS421. One can encode a polypeptide of 371 amino acids (aa) and the other, which is on the other strand, can encode a polypeptide of 102 aa. The C‐terminal part of the 371 aa polypeptide shows some homology to that of transposases encoded in some other known IS elements. The copy number of IS421 in chromosomal DNA was 4 for E. coli K‐12 and B, and 5 for E. coli C, as determined by the Southern hybridization of restriction fragments.
Measurement of cromakalim‐induced 87Rb flux in intact cells by NMR
Authors: Williamson Michael P.
Published: July 2002

87Rb nuclear magnetic resonance signals from intracellular and extracellular Rb+ can be distinguished by the use of shift reagents, thus permitting the simultaneous measurement of intracellular and extracellular Rb concentrations. When smooth muscle cells are suspended in a medium containing Rb+ in place of K+, there is a slow influx of Rb+, which is greatly increased by the addition of cromakalim to the medium. The concentration of cromakalim required to stimulate influx is similar to that needed to stimulate 86Rb efflux from isolated tissue.
The light chain but not the heavy chain of botulinum A toxin inhibits exocytosis from permeabilized adrenal chromaffin cells
Authors: Stecher B. , Weller U. , Habermann E. , Gratzl M. , Ahnert-Hilger G.
Published: July 2002

The heavy and light chains of botulinum A toxin were separated by anion exchange chromatography. Their intracellular actions were studied using bovine adrenal chromaffin cells permeabilized with streptolysin O. Purified light chain inhibited the Ca2+‐stimulated [3H]noradrenaline release with a half‐maximal effect at about 1.8 nM. The inhibition was incomplete. Heavy chain up to 28 nM was neither effective by itself nor did it enhance the inhibitory effect of light chain. It is concluded that the light chain of botulinum A toxin contains the functional domain responsible for the inhibition of exocytosis.
Expression of human α1‐antitrypsin using a recombinant adenovirus vector
Authors: Gilardi P. , Courtney M. , Pavirani A. , Perricaudet M.
Published: July 2002

In order to improve the in vivo delivery of human proteins destined for replacement therapy, a recombinant adenovirus containing the cDNA sequence encoding human α1‐antitrypsin has been constructed and shown to direct expression of the protein in the supernatant of human cell lines.
Purification and characterization of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase from Capsicum annuum
Authors: Hugueney Philippe , Camara Bilal
Published: July 2002

Faraesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPP) displaying dimethylallyl transferase activity (EC 2.5.1.1) and geranyl transferase activity (EC 2.5.1.10) was purified from Capsicum fruits. This prenyltransferase has a molecular mass of 89000 ± 5000 Da resulting from the association of two apparently identical subunits having a molecular mass of 43000 ± 2000 Da. Antibodies raised against Capsicum FPP synthase selectively blocked the transferase activity. Analysis of the immunological relationships between FPP synthase and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (EC 2.5.1.1, EC 2.5.1.10 and EC 2.5.1.30) revealed that these two enzymes though performing the same mechanism of catalysis and accepting identical substrates have different antigenic determinants. Thus, in connection to previous work, this immunological study suggests that Capsicum FPP is strictly located in the extraplastidial compartment.
Protein kinase C subspecies in adult rat hippocampal synaptosomes Activation by diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid
Authors: Shearman Mark S. , Shinomura Tetsutaro , Oda Tomiichiro , Nishizuka Yasutomi
Published: July 2002

Synaptosomes isolated from the rat hippocampus contain the α‐ and β‐subspecies of protein kinase C (PKC), but not the γ‐subspecies which is abundantly expressed in the pyramidal cells in this brain region. Although the γ‐subspecies is known to respond significantly to free arachidonic acid, it is found that both the α‐ and β‐subspecies are also activated dramatically by arachidonic acid in synergistic action with diacylglycerol. Olcic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are all active. It is possible that unsaturated fatty acids may take part in the activation of α‐ and β‐subspecies of PKC which are present in the presynaptic nerve endings terminating at the hippocampal pyramidal cells.
The structure of porin from Rhodobacter capsulatus at 1.8 Å resolution
Authors: Weiss M.S. , Kreusch A. , Schiltz E. , Nestel U. , Welte W. , Weckesser J. , Schulz G.E.
Published: July 2002

The structure of the porin from Rhodobacter capsulanus was determined at a resolution of 1.8 Å. The analysis started from a closely related crystal structure that had been solved at a medium resolution of 3 Å using multiple isomorphous replacement and solvent flattening. The new structure contains the complete sequence of 301 amino acid residues. Refinement of the model is under way: the present R‐factor is 22% with good geometry. Except for the lengths of several loops, the resulting chain fold corresponds to the medium resolution model. The membrane channel is lined by a large number of ionogenic side chains with characteristic segregation of differently charged groups.
Polypeptide—metal cluster connectivities in Cd(II) GAL4
Authors: Gadhavi Paresh L. , Davis Adrian L. , Povey Jane F. , Keeler James , Laue Ernest D.
Published: July 2002

Two‐dimensional 1H‐113Cd correlation NMR spectra have been used to determine the polypeptide/metal cluster connectivities in Cd(II) GAL4. The results show that the protein contains a two metal ion cluster where Cys‐11 and Cys‐28 are the bridging ligands.
Calpactin‐depleted cytosolic proteins restore Ca2+‐dependent secretion to digitonin‐permeabilized bovine chromaffin cells
Authors: Wu You Neng , Wagner Paul D.
Published: July 2002

Incubation of digitonin‐permeabilized bovine chromaffin cells results in a loss of Ca3+‐dependent catecholamine secretion. The addition of cytosolic proteins prevents this loss of secretory activity. It has been proposed that calpactin might be the protein which is responsible for preventing this loss of activity. The experiments described in this paper show that cytosolic proteins which have been depleted of calpactin are as effective as control cytosolic proteins in preventing the loss of Ca2+‐dependent secretion. Thus, a cytosolic protein(s) other than calpactin appears to be responsible for preventing this loss of secretory activity.
Ornithine decarboxylase from Crithidia fasciculata is metabolically unstable and resistant to polyamine down‐regulation
Authors: Ceriani Carolina , González Nélida S. , Algranati Israel D.
Published: July 2002

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) of Crithidia fasciculata extracts shows maximal activity during exponential growth of the parasite and decreases markedly in the stationary phase. The inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide evoked a rapid loss of enzyme activity with a half‐life of about 30 min. Upon removal of DFMO from Crithidia cultures treated with the drug for 24 h, the ODC activity increased at the same rate as total protein synthesis. The addition of putrescine at high concentrations to parasites cultivated in a synthetic medium showed that Crithidia CDC levels were not reduced by polyamines.
IL‐1β, a strong mediator for glucose uptake by rheumatoid and non‐rheumatoid cultured human synoviocytes
Authors: Hernvann A. , Aussel C. , Cynober L. , Moatti N. , Ekindjian O.G.
Published: July 2002

Higher basal 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose uptake in rheumatoid synovial cells than in non‐rheumatoid synovial cells, was found to be associated with an increased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) secretion (respectively 850 ± 238 vs. 8.3 ± 2.4 pg/24 h/105 cells, mean ± S.E.M.). When exogenous human recombinant IL‐1β was added to cultures, a marked stimulation of 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose uptake was performed by both human synovial cultured cells, in a time‐dependent and dose‐dependent manner (IL‐1β0–100 ng/ml). In non‐rheumatoid synoviocytes, stimulation occurred 1–3 h following the addition of 1 ng/ml interleukin‐1β and increased up to 24 hours (respectively +150% and +261.4% after 6 and 24 hours association time). Rheumatoid synovial cells were less sensitive to 1 ng/ml IL‐1β (respectively +80% and +146.4%). IL‐1β increased significantly the V
max for 2‐deoxy‐d‐glycose uptake by synovial cells, with no change in the K
m. This effect was protein synthesis‐dependent, and not secondary to prostaglandin E2 synthesis or cell growth. IL‐1β possesses an important effect on glucose homeostasis in synovial cells, which could be indirect and/or regulated by the presence of natural inhibitors.
The identification and characterisation of an actin‐binding site in α‐actinin by mutagenesis
Authors: Kuhlman Philip A. , Hemmings Lance , Critchley David R.
Published: July 2002

We have shown previously that the N‐terminal actin‐binding domain of α‐actinin retains activity when expressed in E. coli as a fusion protein with glutathione‐S‐transferase. In the present study we have made a series of N‐ and C‐terminal deletions within this domain and show that an actin‐binding site is contained within residues 120–134. Amino acid substitutions within this region indicate that several highly conserved hydrophobic residues are involved in binding to F‐actin. The hypothesis that the interaction between α‐actinin and F‐actin is predominantly hydrophobic in nature is supported by the observation that binding is relatively independent of salt concentration.
Heterogeneity of three electrophoretically distinct Go α‐subunits in mammalian brain
Authors: Spicher Karsten , Nuernberg Bernd , Jäger Babette , Rosenthal Walter , Schultz Günter
Published: July 2002

So far three splice variants of the αo‐gene coding for two αo proteins have been identified by molecular cloning, and the corresponding proteins purified. In the present study subtype‐specific peptide antibodies revealed the existence of an electrophoretically distinct third form of αo in mammalian brain membranes which migrates more slowly on SDS‐PAGE and shows a more acidic pI value than the other αo‐subunits. Each of the three αo‐subunits is detected as two isoforms when enriched from brain membranes. Rodent αo‐subunits differ from non‐rodent species in their electrophoretic mobilities. The results suggest that (i) there may exist a novel αo‐subunit which reacts with an αo‐subunit‐specific antibody, (ii) each αo‐subunit may exist in more than one co‐ or posttranslationally modified isoform in brain membranes, and (iii) differences between αo‐subunits from different species exist which are detectable by gel electrophoretic methods.