bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Combined Use of Pollen and Soil Analyses in a Search and Subsequent Murder Investigation
Authors: Brown AG , Smith A , Elmhurst O
Published: December 2020

This case report shows how soil analyses (particularly petrology) can be used in conjunction with pollen in order to refine or strengthen an association. Soil samples from a car believed to have been used by the suspect in a missing persons case was subjected to soil and pollen analyses. The soil characteristics and petrology were used to redefine the search area using geology and soils maps, the pollen and vegetative remains were used to target woodlands with a particular species mix. As a result two bodies were located and the environmental evidence was used in the subsequent trial. In this case the history of the vehicle was well known and the wheel arches and footwells provided reliable soil traps. The advantage of combining the techniques is that soil evidence (both mineralogy and other inclusions) provides a geological/soils match while the pollen provides independent evidence of vegetation type providing a combination that may be rare or unique.
Fatal Meningitis and Encephalitis Due to Bartonella henselae Bacteria
Authors: Gerber JE , Johnson JE , Scott MA , Madhusudhan KT
Published: December 2020

Bacterial infection due to Bartonella henselae commonly develops in children and young adults following cat/dog ontacts and/or cat/dog scratches. Regional lymphadenopathy is its most common clinical expression. However, encephalitis and Parinaud's syndrome (oculoglandular syndrome) have also been reported as has systemic illness. A review of the international literature in all languages revealed no fatal complications in immunocompetent hosts. A four-year-old white child with no underlying illness began to have seizure-like activity. She was taken to a local hospital and subsequently transferred to a medical center. The child was treated aggressively for seizures and fever of unknown origin. However, her condition rapidly declined and she died without a specific diagnosis. At autopsy there was marked cerebral edema with no gross evidence of acute meningitis. Microscopic exams revealed multiple granulomatous lesions as well as a meningitis and encephalitis. A variety of cultures and stains were negative for acid fast and fungal organisms. Warthin-Starry stains of involved tissue including brain and liver revealed pleomorphic rod shaped bacilli consistent with Bartonella henselae. Analysis of brain tissue with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot for the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was definitive for DNA of Bartonella henselae bacteria.
Failure to Detect Elevated Levels of Carboxyhemoglobin in Infants Dying from SIDS
Authors: Meny RG , Vreman HJ , Stevenson DK , Hauck FR , Donoghue ER , Smialek JE , Fowler DR , Zielke HR
Published: December 2020

Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels were determined in stored blood samples from 91 infants diagnosed to have died from the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) ( 0.59 _0.41%, excluding one outlying value of 10.83%); 48 age-matched controls (0.53 _ 0.38%); and three individuals who died from fire related causes (41 _ 20%). No statistical differences in COHb levels were detected between blood from SIDS and control infants (p _ 0.43).
Allele Frequencies for the 13 CODIS STR Loci in a Sample of Southern Croatians
Authors: Schanfield M , Gabriel MN , Andelinovic S , Reynolds RL , Ladd C , Lee HC , Primorac D
Published: December 2020

Whole blood obtained by venipuncture was collected in EDTA vacutainer tubes from individuals attending Split Hospital, Split,Croatia. Blood was dried onto clean cotton cloth, sealed in individual plastic bags and transported to the United States for testing. Approximately 3 mm squares were extracted using Chelex (1). The DNA was not quantified. PCR amplification was performed using the AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus™ and Cofiler™ PCR amplification kits (PE-Biosystems, Foster City, CA) following the manufacturer's protocol using 2 µL of sample. The amplified products were separated and detected using the ABI Prism™ 377 DNA sequencer (PE-Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Allele frequencies and goodness of fit tests were performed using Excel spread sheets. Each locus (n = 13) was tested for the following: Hardy-Weinberg Global Chi-square goodness of fit using all genotypes with expected values greater than 1.0, all other genotypes were pooled to form a residual class (df = number of genotypes minus the number of alleles)( p1); T statistic testing θ = 0 recommended by NRC 2 (2)(p2); and the Chi-square comparing expected and observed total homozygosity and heterozygosity (df = 1)(p3). The Bonferroni corrected threshold was 0.0038. No loci exceeded the Bonferroni threshold; only one locus (D8S1179) was significant (p (0.05) for one of three tests of deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to an excess of heterozygotes and deficiency of homozygotes prior to the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.
Evaluation of Six Short Tandem Repeat Loci in Forensics: North Indian Populations
Authors: Agrawal S , Müller B , Bharadwaj U , Bhatnagar S , Khan F
Published: December 2020

The allele frequency estimates of these STR markers reveal that alleles are not equally distributed in all the three populations included in the study.
Y-Chromosomal STR Haplotypes in Two Population Groups of Kerala in South lndia
Authors: Das B , Chauhan PS , Seshadri M
Published: December 2020

Via electronic mail from communicating author. Analysis of Data: Haplotype diversities and frequencies were calculated by using the program ARLEQUIN l. l (4). The nomenclature of the allele sizes was as described by Kayser et al. (2) except for DYS389I and DYS38911, which was according to Cooper et al. (5).
Review of: Clinical and Forensic Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis, first edition
Authors: Tagliaro F , Bortolotti F
Published: December 2020

The scope of this book is to give an overview of the basic technical aspects of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and to provide more detailed information on its applications to the major analytical fields in clinical biochemistry and forensic science.
Brake Linings: A Source of Non-GSR Particles Containing Lead, Barium, and Antimony
Authors: Torre C , Mattutino G , Vasino V , Robino C
Published: December 2020

The observation of environmental particles similar in composition to gunshot residue (GSR) are not new to forensic experts and have been described in the scientific literature. In order to better define the origin of these particles, brake linings and their wear products were examined by SEM-EDX. The results obtained demonstrate that some types of brake linings contain lead, barium, and antimony and that they can represent a source of particles showing GSR-like elemental profiles. Most of these particles can be easily discriminated from primer discharge residue because of the high levels of iron or the presence of “prohibited” elements in the spectrum. However, particles with iron at minor or trace levels and lacking “prohibited” elements were also found. It is thus advisable to use caution when describing the composition of similar particles as “unique” to primer discharge residue. The strict application of a rigorous morphological criterion is also recommended.
Unusual Contact Marks: Connecting the Hubcap to the Wheel of the Car
Authors: Novoselsky Y , Tsach T , Klein A , Volkov N , Shor Y , Vinokurov A
Published: December 2020

A case of homicide and attempted homicide is described. The comparison of tire-marks linked the suspect's vehicle to the scene of crime only with low certainty. However, the comparison of the pressure mark on the hubcap found at the scene, with the balance weight on one of the wheels of the suspect's car, connected the suspect to the scene of crime with high certainty.
Characteristics of Assaultive Patients with Schizophrenia Versus Personality Disorder: Six Year Analysis of the Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP)
Authors: Flannery RB , Rachlin S , Walker AP
Published: December 2020

Literature reviews of individual assaultive patients, repetitively violent patients, and restrained assaultive patients document that persons diagnosed with schizophrenia or personality disorder are at the highest risk to become assaultive. While there has been some initial research of possible predictor variables across diagnostic groups, this six-year retrospective study is the first to compare only persons with schizophrenia or personality disorder on basic demographic and the selected clinical variables of history of violence, personal victimization, and substance use disorder. In this study, the variance suggested that persons with schizophrenia and personality disorder were both likely to be assaultive. Assaults by persons with schizophrenia were somewhat proportional to their presence in the population studied. However, personality disordered patients represented a disproportional increase from the population studied. Younger females with a diagnosis of personality disorder and with histories of violence toward others and personal victimization appeared at increased risk to be assaultive and to require restraints. The findings and their implications for safety and clinical care are discussed.
Allele Distributions for D21S1435 and D21S2055 Loci in Two Chinese Populations
Authors: Liang W , Zhang L , Chen G , Xin J , Liao M , Wu MY
Published: December 2020

Blood specimens were collected from unrelated volunteer donors. DNA was extracted from blood specimens using Chelex-100 (1). DNA typing was carried out by PCR. The components of PCR were: target DNA 20 ng, primer 0.2 µmol/L, dNTPs 200 µmol/L, KCl 50 µmol/L, Tris-HCl (pH 8.3) 10 mmol/L, MgCl2 1.5 mmol/L, Taq 1U. Primer sequences: D21S1435: 5'-CCC TCT CAA TTG TTT GTC TAC C-3', 5'-ATG GCA CTG AAA TCT CTT GC-3'; D21S2055: 5'-AAC AGA ACC AAT AGG CTA TCT ATC-3', 5'-TCT CCT ACC AAG TGA TTT ACT GTA-3'.PCR conditions: D21S1435: start at 94°C for 3 min, 30 cycles consist of 35s at 94°C, 45s at 61°C, 55s at 72°C followed by a 5 min extension at 72°C. D2152055: start at 94°C for 3 min, 30 cycles consist of 35 s at 94°C, 45 s at 61°C, 55 s at 72°C followed by a 5 min extension at 72°C. The amplified products were electrophoresed in 6% polyacrylamide gel by using 100 bp ladder and allelic markers for both D21S1435 and D21S2055 as size marker, followed by sliver staining. Data were analyzed by The Promega Software, POWERSTATS. Calculating of Chi-square test was carried out for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test.
Does the Expert Witness Fit the Crime? Injury to a Child by Starvation—A Dietitian's Testimony
Authors: Kloiber LL
Published: December 2020

After the death of their four-month-old infant, the parents were charged with injury to a child by starvation. The medical examiner documented blunt force trauma and severe malnutrition at autopsy, but the cause of death was undetermined. The legal team hired a neonatal dietitian who was able to determine that impaired growth only occurred when the infant was in the care of his parents. This information, along with other testimony, established that the lack of nutrition compromised this infant's ability to grow and develop normally, and thus contributed to the infant's death. A jury found the father guilty of injury to a child with intent, and was sentenced to 50 years in prison. The mother agreed to a plea bargain serving 25 years. The purpose of this report is to offer insight, information, and facts from this case for the benefit of others.
Successful Extraction of Human Genomic DNA from Serum and Its Application to Forensic Identification
Authors: Ravard-Goulvestre C , Crainic K , Guillon F , Paraire F , Durigon M , de Mazancourt P
Published: December 2020

We report here on the successful extraction of human genomic DNA from a serum sample in a forensic case. The extracted DNA was successfully used for the identification of remains presumably immersed for more than three weeks for which the only comparison sample was a 250-μL serum aliquot kept frozen in a laboratory. The analysis made it possible to identify a second victim as the daughter of the first.
Experiments for Enhancing Tailings Slurry Drainage and Geotechnical Performance Using Nonsegregation Flocculation and Geotextile
Authors: Xiong Jun , Jiang Quan , Zhang Chao
Published: December 2020

Pumping tailings slurry into geotextile bags is a burgeoning method employed to build tailings dams with improved tailings management. Fine contents bring great challenges for tailings stability. In this article, nonsegregation flocculation was selected for fine tailings. Experiments were carried out in three campaigns: nonsegregation flocculation of tailings slurry to reduce fine content in supernatant (low turbidity); water drainage evaluation via filtration tests, plus the measurement of capillary suction time; and the study of geotechnical properties, including hydraulic conductivity and yield strength. From the results, it is demonstrated that the tailings slurry without flocculation showed apparent particle segregation and poor drainage performance compared to tailings with nonsegregation flocculation. The yield strength with nonsegregation tailings was enhanced by two times to initial values. Scanning electron microscopy image analysis was used to check the attachment status of solid particles on geotextile surfaces after being used for filtration tests. The mechanism of enhancing geotextile drainage revealed that increased permeability and reduced geotextile pore-plugging should account for the enhanced water drainage and tailings stability. A pattern of achieving optimal drainage strategy of geotextile bag was recommended for building a tailings dam, which is to use large-sized flocs plus geotextiles with large pore sizes (up to 0.6 mm).
Frontotemporal Regulation of Subjective Value to Suppress Impulsivity in Intertemporal Choices
Authors: Dürschmid Stefan , Maric Andre , Kehl Marcel S. , Knight Robert T. , Hinrichs Hermann , Heinze Hans-Jochen
Published: December 2020

Impulsive decisions arise from preferring smaller but sooner rewards compared with larger but later rewards. How neural activity and attention to choice alternatives contribute to reward decisions during temporal discounting is not clear. Here we probed (1) attention to and (2) neural representation of delay and reward information in humans (both sexes) engaged in choices. We studied behavioral and frequency-specific dynamics supporting impulsive decisions on a fine-grained temporal scale using eye tracking and MEG recordings. In one condition, participants had to decide for themselves but pretended to decide for their best friend in a second prosocial condition, which required perspective taking. Hence, conditions varied in the value for themselves versus that pretending to choose for another person. Stronger impulsivity was reliably found across three independent groups for prosocial decisions. Eye tracking revealed a systematic shift of attention from the delay to the reward information and differences in eye tracking between conditions predicted differences in discounting. High-frequency activity (175-250 Hz) distributed over right frontotemporal sensors correlated with delay and reward information in consecutive temporal intervals for high value decisions for oneself but not the friend. Collectively, the results imply that the high-frequency activity recorded over frontotemporal MEG sensors plays a critical role in choice option integration.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans face decisions between sooner smaller rewards and larger later rewards daily. An objective benefit of losing weight over a longer time might be devalued in face of ice cream because they prefer currently available options because of insufficiently considering long-term alternatives. The degree of contribution of neural representation and attention to choice alternatives is not clear. We investigated correlates of such decisions in participants deciding for themselves or pretending to choose for a friend. Behaviorally participants discounted less in self-choices compared with the prosocial condition. Eye movement and MEG recordings revealed how participants represent choice options most evident for options with high subjective value. These results advance our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying decision-making in humans.
Capabilities of photoplethysmography as a method for screening of cardiovascular system pathology
Authors: Simonyan Margarita A. , Posnenkova Olga M. , Kiselev Anton R.
Published: December 2020

Currently, vegetative dysfunction considered to be one of principal mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular pathology, which causes a cascade of events leading to changes in the properties and a structure of vascular wall. This review article contains literature from various databases (Russian science citation index, PubMed, Google Shcolar, Scopus). It presents the methods for assessing vegetative imbalance. In particular, the method of photoplethysmography (PPGV) is considered for recording periodic fluctuations at various frequencies in the distal vascular bed which characterize physiological processes (cardiac activity, respiratory influences, neurogenic, myogenic and endothelial activity). In addition, other diagnostic capabilities of PPGV such as heart rate (HR) assessment, determining the properties of vascular wall and the level of blood saturation are elucidated. This paper demonstrates a wide range of PPGV applications. The simplicity of PPGV reproduction and its cost-effectiveness make it feasible both in routine clinical practice for the purposes of screening for cardiovascular pathology, and for individual health monitoring incorporated in smart devices.
Effect of angiotensin/neprilysin inhibition on ventricular repolarization and clinical arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Gul Sefa , Yontar Osman Can , Yenercag Mustafa , Seker Onur Osman , Erdogan Guney , Arslan Ugur
Published: December 2020

Background: The most common reason for sudden cardiac death in heart failure is malign ventricular arrhythmias. LCZ 696 improves hospitalization and sudden cardiac death outcomes in heart failure, however mechanisms in preventing sudden cardiac death are still unknown. There is little information available assessing effect of LCZ 696 on Tp-e interval and related calculations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of Sacubitril/valsartan therapy on Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio in heart failure patients and its reflections on clinical arrhythmogenesis. Methods: The study was designed as a prospective observational fashion. 265 patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), who were on regular follow up at Samsun Training and Research Hospital Outpatient Heart Failure Clinic, were validated for the study. Clinical, echocardiographic, electrocardiogram and device data before initiation and six months after dose optimizing were obtained. Results: Stroke volume, cardiac output and ejection fraction significantly improved after LCZ 696 treatment. T wave related parameters, QT and QTC intervals significantly diminished. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between baseline Tp-e interval duration and the absolute percentile increase of stroke volume(r:-0.234, p: 0.042) and cardiac output (r: -0.240, p: 0.037). Conclusion: In our study, switching Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System inhibitor with Angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor was associated with increase in left ventricle performance and decrease of sustained ventricular arrhythmias that required ICD shocks. These positive findings were accompanied by improvements in surface electrocaridogram changes such as Tp-e and related indices.
The potential role of the E SRRG pathway in placental dysfunction
Authors: Zou Zhiyong , Forbes Karen , Harris Lynda K , Heazell Alexander E P
Published: December 2020

Normal placental development and function is of key importance to fetal growth. Conversely aberrations of placental structure and function are evident in pregnancy complications including fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preeclampsia. Although trophoblast turnover and function is altered in these conditions, their underlying aetiologies and pathophysiology remains unclear, which hampers development of therapeutic interventions. Here we review evidence that supports a role for estrogen related receptor-gamma (ESRRG) in the development of placental dysfunction in FGR and preeclampsia. This relationship deserves particular consideration because ESRRG is highly expressed in normal placenta, is reduced in FGR and preeclampsia and its expression is altered by hypoxia, which is thought to result from deficient placentation seen in FGR and preeclampsia. Several studies have also found microRNA (miRNA) or other potential upstream regulators of ESRRG negatively influence trophoblast function which could contribute to placental dysfunction seen in FGR and preeclampsia. Interestingly, miRNAs regulate ESRRG expression in human trophoblast. Thus, if ESRRG is pivotally associated with the abnormal trophoblast turnover and function it may be targeted by microRNAs or other possible upstream regulators in the placenta. This review explores altered expression of ESRRG and upstream regulation of ESRRG-mediated pathways resulting in the trophoblast turnover, placental vascularisation, and placental metabolism underlying placental dysfunctions. This demonstrates that the ESRRG pathway merits further investigation as a potential therapeutic target in FGR and preeclampsia.
Review on the Compulsory Education Status of Migrant Workers’ Children in Chinese Cities
Authors: Chang Lerongrong , Bu Qingyun
Published: December 2020

With the advancement of China’s economic and social development and urbanization, the scale of out-of-town migrant workers has been expanding. Following this, migrant worker children’s education problem has become increasingly prominent and has gradually become a focus of education research. This paper reviews recent studies on migrant worker children’s acceptance of compulsory education, and summarizes its existing education problems, aiming to provide direction and support for further promoting education equity and sustainable development of urban and rural education.
VIDA EN EL OASIS-MUERTE EN LAS COLINAS
Authors: Del Cerro Linares Carmen , Hervás Herrera Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2020

El proyecto que lleva a cabo la misión arqueológica de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid en al Madam se desarrolla en el interior de la península de Omán, en el emirato de Sharjah, uno de los emiratos que conforman los Emiratos Árabes Unidos. En 2020, la concesión del estudio de una necrópolis al norte de al Madam, en el municipio de al Khudairah, abrió nuestro estudio al mundo funerario de la antigua Magan. De acuerdo con las autoridades locales, y para cubrir tanto el poblado como la necrópolis, nuestro equipo se amplió y sumó un grupo de arqueobiólogos ya no de forma intermitente, sino permanente. Así en febrero de 2020 se pusieron las bases de la Spanish Archaeological and Archaeobiological Mission at Sharjah (SAAMS) y de un nuevo proyecto: al Madam-al Khudaira Project. Live in the Oasis-Death on the Hills.
EL CULTO A LOS ÁRBOLES EN EL ANTIGUO IRÁN COMO REFLEJO DEL CHAMANISMO IRANIO
Authors: Gharehkhani Zahara
Published: December 2020

El árbol de la vida o árbol cósmico es un arquetipo reconocido cuyos atributos subrayan la inmortalidad, la sanación, el conocimiento y la fertilidad. En el caso iranio, traspasa los límites de la mitología hasta alcanzar un estadio chamánico, iniciático y ritual, imbricado en el contexto avéstico y de las migraciones indoiranias.
FIVE SEASONS OF EXCAVATIONS IN AREAS 2A AND G OF SARUQ AL HADID (DUBAI, UAE): IRON AGE II EVIDENCES OF COPPER PRODUCTION, WORKSHOP AREA AND CEREMONIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Valente Tatiana , Contreras Fernando , Mahmud Ahmed , Boraik Radwan Karim Mansour , Saif Al Mansoori Mahra , Zein Hassan
Published: December 2020

Within five years of excavations in Area 2A and G of Saruq al-Hadid, several pit-like structures used in combustion activities were found whose purpose is still unclear. Near these, a rich collection of metal objects from the Iron Age II was gathered, along with evidences of their production at the site. Frequent identification of raw materials and working tools, mainly for jewellery production, suggests that the site was also a production centre for these kind of objects, as well as a site with religious connotation as suggested by the votive objects discovered, such as copper anthropomorphic figurines, snakes, miniature weaponry, and soft stone and ceramic vessels with parallels in other places of worship.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico SPWB de Carol d. Riff en estudiantes de secundaria de la UGEL 02
Authors: Díaz Gamarra Patricia Del Pilar , Estrada Alomía Erika Roxana , Iparraguirre Yaurivilca Noemí Edith , Grajeda Montalvo Alex Teófilo , Misare Condori Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2020

Se estudiaron las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico SPWB de Riff en escolares secundarias de la UGEL 02. Con dicho fin y trabajando con 1190 adolescentes, que fueron seleccionados bajo muestreo probabilístico, se administró dicho instrumento.. Se redujo la escala de 34 a 12 ítems tomando como criterio la correlación ítem-test ≥ .30, y la tabla factorial ≥ .40. Se verificó la pertinencia del modelo de cuatro factores para medir bienestar psicológico en adolescentes: Autonomía, Crecimiento, Propósito y Autoaceptación. La consistencia interna cuantificada con los coeficientes Omega y Alpha fueron de 0.86 y 0.72, considerándose aceptable. Se elaboraron normas de interpretación basadas en rangos percentilares.
Wavelet coherence as a tool for retrospective analysis of bank activities
Authors:   PVNZ ", Vasiurenko Oleg ,   Kyiv Institute of Business and Technology", Lyashenko Viacheslav ,   Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics
Published: December 2020

The article considers the possibility and expediency of using the apparatus of the theory of wavelets to conduct analysis of banking activities. The authors determine separate stages of the complex application of various tools on the theory of wavelets to analyze the activities of banks based on retrospective data. Among these stages are: decomposition of the initial data by their approximating coefficients and coefficients of detail, and the use of wavelet coherence. Indicated the importance of conducting a retrospective analysis to reveal hidden relationships in the data structure that determine certain aspects of banking. The ad-vantages of using the tools of the theory of wavelets from the point of view of analyzing the activities of banks based on their statistical data are highlighted. Among these advantages, the authors highlight the possibility of studying the relationships be-tween data over time and determining the depth of such relationships. It is noted that this can be done in one research window. Particular attention is focused on the analysis of the reciprocity between the volume of funds in deposit accounts and the volume of loans granted, as one of the key parameters for conducting banking activities. The reciprocity between the volumes of funds in deposit accounts and the volumes of loans granted is revealed in accordance with the volumes of administrative expenses and equity of banks. It is noted that retrospective analysis allows us to identify the consequences of the onset of unwanted events and prevent them in the future. To carry out a corresponding analysis, the content of constructing a description of spatial wavelet coherence is disclosed. Such a description makes it possible to take into account a larger number of parameters than classical approaches for calculating wavelet coherence. This expands the boundaries of the relevant analysis, allows you to explore various mutual influences between individual banks in terms of their individual indicators for banking activities. Such an analysis allows to determine not only the reciprocity between individual indicators of banking activity, but also the depth of influence between individual banks, taking into account such indicators of their activity. Concrete examples are given that prove the feasibility and likelihood of applying the proposed approaches to the analysis of banking activities.
Volatility of the structure of intersectoral relations of Ukraine's economy
Authors:   DNNU ", Yastremsky Oleksandr ,   Academy of Financial Management", Kulyk Volodymyr ,   DNNU "Academy of Financial Management"
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the volatility of intersectoral flows in Ukrainian economy during 2000–2017. For this purpose, the authors construct a dynamic matrix series of direct cost coefficients in comparable detail (19 economic activities (EAs)); calculate statistical characteristics of 361 dynamics (19x19) and coefficients of direct expenses of Ukraine's intersectoral balance; and analyze the dynamics of cost indicators of Ukraine's economy (the ratio of GDP to total output, the Frobenius – Perron numbers) and those of economic activities (the Brauer – Perron numbers). Construction of the historical series of the matrix of direct costs in comparable detail is achieved by aggregating the "input - output" tables. Volatility is assessed using indicators of variation, relative variation, sample standard deviation, standard deviation per mean, historical volatility, and standard trend error (regression), i.e. trend volatility. Volatility of intersectoral flows in Ukraine is significant. The maximum variation for the coefficients of direct costs for EA "Information ..." for all years of observation was 0.3144, for EA "Water Supply" - 0.3004, and for EA "Art" - 0.2673. Derivative aggregates (Brauer-Solow numbers, relative EA cost) are also volatile. According to estimates of the standard deviation, the agrosector is the most stable, the most unstable - public administration. Economy Ukraine has a significant margin of productivity. A sufficient Brauer-Solow condition for the productivity of the direct cost matrix is guaranteed to be satisfied for all years of observation. Out of 361 coefficients of direct costs, time trends are recorded for 166. Among them, 91 have an upward trend, 65 - a downward trend. To fix the presence of the trend, the authors use the probability of deviation of the hypothesis about the significance of the linear dependence of the coefficients of direct costs on time. The high cost intensity of the economy is a general economic problem of Ukraine. The ratio of GDP to total output in Ukraine is about 40%, while in developed countries, this figure is close to 60%. Reducing costs is a significant resource for economic growth in Ukraine.
Institutions of collective investment in Ukraine: scale and consequences of investment dysfunction
Authors:   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine, Shelud'ko Nataliya , Shishkov Stanislav ,   Perspektiva Stock Exchange PJSC (Dnipro)
Published: December 2020

The development of collective investment institutions (CIIs) in Ukraine is characterized by rather ambiguous and stable trends, which at first glance do not have any objective economic basis. The dynamics of CIIs activities in Ukraine demonstrates their steady invulnerability to the crises in the global and national economy, maintaining positions (in quantity terms) against the background of reduced number of both professional stock market participants and other institutional investors, and despite the decrease in the financial instruments in circulation, and the gradual formation in public consciousness of a neutral negative view of the functioning of the national stock market. The authors' assumption that the key to such institutional viability consists in the tax preferences for the CIIs, which is confirmed by the analysis. It is noted that in this case both the economic sense and the declared "collectivity" of this investment institution are distorted. The use of CIIs solely to ease the tax burden, with gross legal and tax violations creates risks for both the beneficiaries of such tax schemes and for the very existence of the institution. The specificity of "investment areas" outside the stock market, the highly conditional performance of the function of accumulation of investment resources and, correspondingly, the profanation of the CIIs' issuer function, in particular as to the fair distribution of investment income, distortions of the essence of the ideology of collective investment in combination with extremely loyal regulation on the part of the NSSMC all presently call into question the entire possibility of considering CIIs as a full-fledged component of the stock market.
Policy of endogenous development of pharmaceuticals in China: lessons for Ukraine
Authors:   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine, Salikhova Olena , Honcharenko Daria ,   Directorate of Industrial Policy and Promotion of Regional Development, Ministry for Development of Economy, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

This article provides overview of the programs and plans, tools of scientific and technological, innovation and industry policies for new drug discovery. The authors substantiate that China has a government-led integrated approach to protecting and strengthening pharmaceutical sector. Discovered and proved the fact that the Chinese Government is encouraging R&D in the pharmaceutical sector, with special attention to the biotechnologies and is providing substantial support in the form of subsidies, tax incentives and establishment of special high-tech zones to encourage the production of new products and processes in the pharmaceutical sector. In addition to government support, there is substantial foreign direct investment in production and R&D, which entails transfer of technology and intensifies endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The authors give special attention to the fact that China's Government Procurement provides domestic price preference programme and realizes policies promoting indigenous innovation products and technology transfer. Initiatives to create human resources for pharmaceuticals industry and government aid attract foreign specialists and highly qualified Chinese migrants. Government support has raised the level of production localization, and increased employment and value added in the industry. Among the achievements attained due to the political mechanisms created in this country, are scientific and technological competencies and technology development, and high competitiveness of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, protection of intellectual property rights, access to foreign markets, import substitution and lower dependence on imported technologies, pharmaceutical intermediate goods and end-product, and high consumer quality of manufactured goods. It is proven that China's state-led innovation and investment development model has supported growth over the last 40 years and produced numerous endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The article presents the authors' vision of the determinants of success of the Chinese government in building innovation potential of domestic pharmaceuticals industry and of the resilience of the industry in the face of crisis caused by COVID-19.
EFFECT OF CALCIUM LOAD ON HEART FUNCTION, MPTP OPENING IN SITU AND UCP2/3 MRNA EXPRESSION IN THE HEART OF TRAINED RATS
Authors:   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Goshovska Yu.V. , Strutynska N.A. ,   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sagach V.F. ,   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

We have studied the effect of calcium load (1.7 to 15 mmol/l in perfusate) on isolated heart function, mitochondrial factor release (as a marker of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, MPTP), and cardiac uncoupling proteins (UCP2/3) mRNA expression in untrained and trained rats (swimming for 4 weeks). It was found that the improvement in the isolated heart function of trained rats was accompanied by an increase in the expression of UCP3, but not UCP2. A gradual increase of the calcium content in the perfusate led to an increase in contractile function, more pronounced in trained rats. However, 10 mmol/l and higher concentration of calcium led to arrhythmia and drastic decrease in contractility of isolated heart more obvious in untrained rats. Swimming course prevented the calcium-induced release of mitochondrial factor exerting a stabilizing effect on mitochondrial membranes which was, however, diminished by a nitric oxide synthesis blocker (L-NAME). We have found that UCPs genes expression is calcium-sensitive: an increase in UCP3 mRNA at 5 mmol of calcium and a sharp decrease in UCP2/3 expression at 12.5 mmol/l of calcium in perfusate in both trained and untrained rats indicating the participation of UCPs in the regulation of calcium homeostasis. Our data suggest that the calcium load may serve as a test for in situ MPTP titration. Activation of UCPs together with up-regulated nitric oxide may play a protective role against increasing extracellular calcium inhibiting MPTP formation during physical trainings.
PEPTIDOGLYCAN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ALTERS THE MYOMETRIAL CONTRACTILITY OF NON-PREGNANT RATS TROUGH INCREASING INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM LEVELS
Authors:   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Nasibian L.S. , Sotkis H.V. ,   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tzugorko O.M. ,   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Philippov I.B. ,   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shuba Ya.M. ,   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The work is devoted to the study of the effect of Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan on the main parameters of myometrial contractions and the mechanism of this influence. The research was carried out by tensometry and calcimetry methods. The results of the experiments demonstrated that peptidoglycan modulates all the main parameters of contractions of the non-pregnant rat uterus, including increasing their amplitude and duration by 10 and 30%, respectively, mainly by prolonging the relaxation phase (56.7 ± 1.6%): myometrial band relative to quickly shrunk and relaxed for a long time. Application of peptidoglycan on freshly isolated uterine myocytes for 5 min led to a periodic increase in their intracellular content of calcium ions. Peptidoglycan enhanced myometrial contractions caused by hyperpotassium solution at a concentration of 60 mmol. Administration of 1 μmol of nifedipine, a blocker of potential-directed L-type calcium channels, suppressed spontaneous contractions enhanced by peptidoglycan. These changes in myometrium contractility of on the background of peptidoglycan action occur not only due to increased transmembrane calcium intake, but also its mobilization from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
THE RATIO OF UBIQUINON REDOX FORMS IN THE RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA UNDER CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENT SUPPLY
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine, Voloshchuk O.M. , Kopylchuk G. P. ,   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine, Ursatyу М.S. ,   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The relationship between the quantitative ratio of redox forms of ubiquinone and the degree of free radical damage to mitochondrial proteins in rat liver against the background of nutritional imbalance was investigated. The animals were divided into the following experimental groups: I – animals receiving full-value semi-synthetic ration (control group); II – animals receiving high-sucrose diet; III – animals receiving low-protein high-sucrose diet. The content of total and oxidized ubiquinone was determined spectrophotometrically at 275 nm, the content of reduced ubiquinone was determined by the difference between the content of total and oxidized ubiquinone. The intensity of the oxidative modification of proteins was assessed by the accumulation of carbonyl derivatives in the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH), the content of free SH-groups was assessed by using the Elman reagent. It was found that the most pronounced decrease in the content of total ubiquinone (almost twice) and the redistribution of its redox forms (reduction of the content of reduced ubiquinone by 7.2 times against the background of an increase in the level of oxidized ubiquinone by 2 times) in rat liver mitochondria is observed in animals that received a diet high in sucrose against the background of alimentary protein deprivation. In addition, the animals of this group showed the most pronounced free radical oxidation of mitochondrial proteins, as evidenced by a 3.5-fold increase in the content of carbonyl derivatives and a 2.6-fold decrease in the content of free protein SH- groups. It was shown that nutritional protein deficiency is a critical factor affecting the intensity of free radical processes in mitochondria. The established changes in the ratio of the redox forms of ubiquinone and the degree of oxidative modification of mitochondrial proteins in rat liver could be considered as prerequisites for deepening the energy imbalance and violation of the functional activity of mitochondria under conditions of nutritional imbalance.
SIRT1 IS A REGULATOR OF AUTOPHAGY IN INTESTINAL CELLS
Authors:   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lytvynenko A.P. , Voznesenskaya T.Yu. ,   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Janchij R.I. ,   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) – is NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, which possess significant roles in apoptosis, cell cycle, cell senescence, mitochondrial function, and metabolism. SIRT1 is widely expressed in all intestinal epithelial cells and is an important regulator of autophagy. Macroautophagy plays a key role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, in regulating the interaction between gut microbiota and innate and adaptive immunity, the integrity of the epithelial barrier and the immune response of the mucous membrane. Nowadays SIRT-dependent mechanisms of autophagy of intestinal cells remain not fully structured and studied. Therefore, the aim of the current review is collection, analysis and synthesis of literature data of the role of SIRT1 in the regulation of autophagy in intestinal cells.
SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY OF DANYLO HALYTSKYI LVIV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY (ON THE OCCASION OF THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEPARTMENT)
Authors:   Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Kovalchuk I.M. , Savytska M.Ya. ,   Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The historical outline of the Physiology Department in the Medical Faculty of Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University (LNMU) dedicated to the 125 years anniversary is presented. The department was founded by Adolf Beck at 1895. Professor Beck was not merely a scholar, with first-rate credentials for having developed methods for the study of the cerebral cortex and neurophysiology, but also a man of great personal courage. Adolf Beck also worked in fields of general physiology, such as visceral and sensory function and laboratory medicine. He also arranged a local physiological society and the Institute of Physiology of the university. He did not receive the Nobel Prize despite being nominated several times. His followers Wiktor Tychowski, Mechyslav Wierzuchowski, were next heads of Physiology Department of LNMU in the interwar time. The impact of Anatoliy Vorobjev, Yakiv Sklayrov, Eugen Panasuk in Physiology and on the development Physiology Department in second half of 20th century is presented. The modern achievement of the Lviv Physiological School is described too.
The U-Pb Zircon Geochronology (LA-ICP-MS) of Geological Processes in Granulites of Middle Bouh Area. Article 2. Rock association in the Chausove open pits
Authors: STEPANYUK L.M. , SHUMLYANSKYY L.V. , WILDE S.A. , NEMCHIN A.A. , BILAN O.V.
Published: December 2020

The LA-ICP-MS method was applied to investigate U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systematics of zircon crystals from charnockitoids that crop out in the open pits near Chausove village, Pervomaisk district. The association of enderbite gneisses, mafic and ultramafic (pyroxenite) granulites and vein bodies of pink biotite granites occur in the open pits. Enderbites are rather heterogeneous, and their composition varies from leucocratic quartzite-like rocks to enderbite-diorite. The Pervomaisk open pit is located within charnockite massif. Our data indicates that the association of enderbites and charnockites crystallised at 2850-2760 Ma from juvenile material (Hf isotope composition in zircons from enderbite-diorite is 176Hf/177Hf = 0.280915 ± 12, εHf2850 = +2; from leucocratic charnockite 176Hf/177Hf = 0.280875 ± 12, εHf2760 = –1; and from charnockite 176Hf/177Hf = 0.280875 ± 12, εHf2760 = –1). These rocks represented the newly formed Meso-Neoarchean crust, in contrast to the reworked older continental crust. This association has experienced a significant transformation in Paleoproterozoic. The last stage of transformation was accompanied by crystallisation of a new generation of zircon and formation of monazite at 2.04-2.06 Ga.
COVID-19 in Pediatrics: Characteristics of Hospitalized Children in New Jersey
Authors: Bhavsar Sejal M. , Clouser Katharine N. , Gadhavi Jasmine , Anene Okechukwu , Kaur Ranbir , Lewis Rachel , Naganathan Srividya , Michalak Zuzanna , Chen Clara Q. , Shah Pooja , Siu Anita , Ballance Cathleen
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Understanding the risk factors, predictors, and clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients with severe disease.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients admitted between March 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020, to a large health network in New Jersey with positive test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, rapid testing, or serum immunoglobulin G testing; we included demographic characteristics, clinical features, and outcomes.

RESULTS:

A total of 81 patients ≤21 years old were admitted with positive test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and/or serum immunoglobulin testing. Sixty-seven patients (82.7%) were admitted for management of acute COVID-19 infection, whereas 14 (17.3%) were admitted for management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Of the 81 hospitalized patients, 28 (34.6%) required intensive care. A majority of patients (42 [51.9%]) admitted for both acute COVID-19 infection and MIS-C were Hispanic. Underlying chronic health conditions were not present in most patients. Obesity (mean BMI of 41.1) was noted in the patients with MIS-C requiring ICU care, although not statistically significant. Absolute lymphopenia and elevated levels of inflammatory markers were statistically significant in the patients with MIS-C treated in the ICU.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study adds to the growing literature of potential risk factors for severe disease in pediatric patients due to COVID-19 infection and MIS-C. Patients of Hispanic ethnicity represented the majority of patients with both acute COVID-19 infection and MIS-C, despite only representing 10% to 20% of the population our hospitals serve. Infants and patients with chronic health conditions were not at increased risk for severe disease. Absolute lymphopenia and elevated levels of inflammatory markers were associated with more severe disease.