bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Strategy Using TOPSIS Under Non-Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Numbers for the COVID-19 Problem
Authors: Ahmad Sohail , Bibi Batool , Jun Wang
Published: February 2023

This study aims to introduce a novel Non-Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Model for
COVID-19 diagnosis and control. The study is organised into three sections to encourage individuals and to
develop an appropriate strategy for emergency decision-making circumstances. First, we propose a generalizations
of Pythagorean fuzzy sets, q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets, and linear Diophantine fuzzy set, called Non-linear
Diophantine fuzzy set (Non-LDFS) and discussed their important properties. Moreover, mathematical criteria for
Non-LDFSs are established based on certain operating laws. In the second part of the study, we propose a set of
Non-LDF averaging and geometric aggregation operators for aggregating expert judgments based on TOPSIS
techniques. In final part, the newly defined Non-LDF Topsis Method is used to solve a medical diagnosis challenge
for the COVID-19 virus, and the findings are reported. To accomplish this, we developed an enhanced
”multi-criteria decision-making” (MCDM) technique that should be capable of evaluating and selecting the best
alternative choice of COVID-19 based on five criteria. A comparative analysis is also performed for the novel
Non-LDF Topsis, and the prospects of the designed research are addressed.
Day- Ahead Economic Load Dispatch Operation Based on Forecasted Electricity Demand Uncertainty for Enhanced Energy Management
Authors: Sahay Kishan Bhushan , Singh Mukhtiar
Published: February 2023

In present scenario, forecasting electricity load, price, wind farm power & solar PV power etc. accurately plays important role while any decision making for planning, operation, and control for the economic & efficient operation of the power system. An Economic Load Dispatch Operation is required for economic & efficient operation of the power plant. It is a used for scheduling the output of the connected generating unit of a plant to fulfil the electricity load requirement at minimum cost by satisfying all inequality and equality constraints. In this paper, firstly 24 hour ahead electricity load has been forecasted on hourly basis. Secondly, this forecasted load is used for predicting day-ahead economic load dispatch operation by using particle swarm optimization. The results show the optimum operating cost.
Walking difficulties and brainstem dysfunction: a case report of adult onset Leigh syndrome
Authors: Cipriano Elia , Vecchio Domizia , Mazzini Letizia , Strigaro Gionata , Piga Daniela , Sciacco Monica , Comi Giacomo , Genovese Egidio , Cantello Roberto
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Leigh syndrome a progressive, lethal, mitochondrial disease.
Case Presentation: We report the case of an adult man in his 40s presenting to the Emergency Department showing: dysarthria, oculomotor limitations for downgaze and convergence, mild right hemiparesis with Babinski sign and absent lower limb tendon reflexes. He revealed about walking difficulties since the age of 20-25. Family history was unremarkable. A brain magnetic resonance showed diffuse white matter lesions involving the area around the third ventricle, the medulla oblongata, and the bilateral caudate and putamen without contrast enhancement.
Conclusions: Polymerase-chain-reaction amplification of the mitochondrial genes, followed by direct sequencing, found a 10191T>C variant related to Leigh syndrome. Leigh syndrome mostly occurring mostly in childhood, there are only other 8 late-onset cases described sharing the same pathogenic variant. LS or subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy is a progressive, lethal, mitochondrial disease mostly occurring in childhood. Only other 8 late-onset cases share the same pathogenic variant, i.e. 10191T>C.
Spatial analysis of birth defects in Brazil based on the human development index (HDI): an ecological study
Authors: Reis Luzivan Costa , Justino Dayane Caroliny Pereira , Costa Perpetua do Socorro da Silva , Vizcardo Luis Enrique Murillo
Published: February 2023

Globally, between 2–4% of live births present Birth Defects (BDs) each year. The highest rates of mortality and morbidity caused by BDs are in low and middle-income countries. In Brazil, they are the second cause of infant mortality. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report the spatial distribution of the incidence of BDs at birth and infant mortality rate due to BDs (IMR-BDs) with the Human Development Index (HDI), and the cases of infant hospitalizations in Brazil. Data were extracted from an anonymous public database, and geospatial analysis was performed using the Global Moran Index statistic. We applied the Kruskal-Willis test and the Dunn test for multiple comparisons between regions and states. We found over 11.4 million births, out of which 99,653 had BDs (incidence: 87.05/10,000 live births); 30,357 infant deaths from BDs were recorded (26.52/10,000 live births). The analysis of the spatial correlation between BDs and the HDI-2010 values for each region/state revealed a statistically significant association in two scenarios: incidence of BDs and IMR-BDs vs. HDI-2010 (p = 0.005). There was an average of 22,710 infant hospitalizations due to BDs, and the average cost for infant hospitalizations was USD $ 30,372.24. The data call attention for the need to establish services and surveillance for prevention and to improve the goals of reducing IMR-BDs and costs with child hospitalizations due to BDs. Detection of BDs at a spatiotemporal level and their geographic distributions are used to support public administrators in managing affected children.
Comprehensive Information Management System for a Medical Research Cohort Biobank Based on Quality by Design
Authors: Zheng Lianshuai , Wang Leilei
Published: February 2023

Background
With the development of big health and big data, cohort research has become a medical research hotspot. As an important repository of human genetic resources, biobanks must adapt to the requirements of large-scale and efficient operation. Thus, biobanks urgently need to design and build a legal, convenient, and efficient information management system.
Methods
This study applies the concept of “quality by design” to build a comprehensive biobank information management system based on the analysis of user requirements, legal and regulatory risks, and industry-standard requirements. The system integrates the management of scientific research projects, biological specimens, clinical information, quality control, and multi-dimensional information query and development. After 10 months of its operation, the comprehensive management system was evaluated through statistical analysis of the efficiency of the construction of the pregnancy–birth cohort and the quality of genetic resources.
Results
Since the system’s launch, the statistics on cohort construction efficiency show that the enrollment rate of eligible pregnant women has increased, and the rate of missing volunteers has dropped. The time needed to establish a 1000-person cohort (with complete biological samples and clinical information in early, middle, and late pregnancy) was reduced, and the effective tracking rate of the samples was 77.42%. The error rate of the deep cryogenic refrigerator decreased, with a clinical information integrity rate of 96.47%.
Conclusions
The comprehensive biobank information management system constructed with the “quality by design” concept is well suited to meet the requirements of medical research. This study provides a solution for designing a comprehensive information system for medical institutions’ biobanks.
Evaluating of HERV-K genes expression in sperm samples collected from infertile men compared to fertile individuals: A case control study
Authors: Tavakolian Shaian , Atani Zahra Rafiei , Zarei Amir , Goudarzi Hossein , Abedi Amir Reza , Faghihloo Ebrahim
Published: February 2023

Having detrimental effects on health-care system, infertility can be related to some risk factors, especially different kinds of viruses. Human Endogenous Retrovirus-k (HERV-K) env, gag, np9 and rec can be considered as one of these viral agents which is likely to cause male infertility, and we attempted to evaluate it. This case-control study was conducted on sperm samples of 96 participants in Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran from January 2020 to December 2021. After extracting the RNA of these samples, we evaluated the expression of HERV-K env, np9, rec, gag using Quantitative Real-Time PCR (QRT-PCR). Our data revealed that HERV-K, rec, np9 and env in abnormal samples were higher than normal ones. However, the opposite trend was true for gag expression since a meaningful reduction can be observed in abnormal samples. The results of our study suggested that there is a plausible correlation between the expression level of this virus’s genes, and the progression of infertility. We proposed this marker as a promising biomarker to diagnose infertility. However, further studies are required to support these results.
Breast Self-Examination Practice and Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Women In North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022: By Using Health Belief Model
Authors: Hussein Dursa , Gashaw Ketema , Geleta Tinsae Abeya , Girma Derara , Geleta Leta Adugna , Oyato Befekadu Tesfaye
Published: February 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the second most common cancer overall. Breast self-examination is one of the cheapest methods used for the early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. However, in Ethiopia, most of the breast self-examinationstudies were not conducted among women in the general population. Therefore, this study aimed to assess breast self-examination practice and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the North Shewa Zone, Oromia.
Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the North Shewa zone from May 18/2022 to June 18/2022. 1076 women of reproductive age were selected by simple random sampling. For the quantitative part of the study, an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used, and focus group discussions were used for the qualitative part. SPSS version 26 was used for the analysis. Variables with a P-value < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. The degree of the association was expressed using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at a P-value <0.05.
Results: Overall 192(18.2%) with 95% CI (15.7, 20.5) of the participants had ever performed BSE. Among these, only 20 (10.4%) had practiced monthly. Being younger-aged women (15-24) [AOR = 3.9, 95% CI (2.2-6.8)], having a family history of BC [AOR = 6.9, 95% CI (4.6-10.3)], beingknowledgeable on BSE [AOR=3, 95% CI (1.9-4.3)], having high perceived susceptibility [AOR= 1.7, 95% CI (1.2-2.5)], having high self-efficacy [AOR=1.5, 95% CI (1.1-2.3)] and having a high perceived benefit to BSE [AOR=1.5, 95% CI (1.1-2.3)] were factors significantly associated of BSE practice.
Conclusion: BSE practice in the North Shewa zone was very low. Age, family history of BC, knowledge of BSE practice, perceived susceptibility, benefit, and self-efficacy were independent predictors of BSE practice. North Shewa Zonal Health Office and other stakeholders should disseminate teaching materials that address the benefit of BSE practice.
Cosmic coding and transfer storage (COSMOCATS) for invincible key storage
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K.M.
Published: February 2023

Thus far, a perfectly secure encryption key storage system doesn't exist. As long as key storage is connected to a network system, there is always a chance that it can be cracked. Even if storage is not continually connected to a network system; it is repeatedly necessary for an individual to access storage to upload and download the data; hence there is always a loophole with every conventional encryption key storage system. By utilizing the penetrative nature of cosmic-ray muons, the COSMOCAT (Cosmic coding and transfer) technique may tackle this problem by eliminating the requirement for any network connection to data storage. COSMOCAT was invented for post quantum key generation and distribution technique for wireless near field communication. However, in its first stage of development, COSMOCAT relied on standard comparators and Global Positioning System (GPS) or other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for key generation. Temporal jitters of the signals outputted from comparators and frequency fluctuations in GPS-disciplined oscillators degraded the key strength and the efficiency of both the key generation and distribution. New strategies are tested in this paper to improve these factors. As a result, the key strength and the key authenticating rate limit are respectively improved by 4 orders of magnitude and more than 5 orders of magnitude. As a consequence, it has become possible to propose a practical methodology for a new key storage and authentication which has the potential to be an impregnable defense against any kind of cyber/physical attack to data storage. Practical applications of COSMOCATS-based symmetric-key cryptosystems to an electronic digital signing system are discussed by introducing, as an example, a system for cryptocurrency implementation.
Fermentation Mechanism Analysis of Reconstituted Tobacco Concentrate by Klebsiella variicola Using Macro-genomics Approaches
Authors: Huang Shen , Zhu Li , Rasool Aamir , Yang Jinchu , Mao Duobin , Feng Yingjie
Published: February 2023

In this study, the employment of the aroma-boosting bacterium H8 (Klebsiella variicola) under optimal growth conditions significantly improved the content of aroma components in tobacco concentrate and reduced the content of nicotine. We performed a macro-genomic analysis of reconstituted tobacco leaf concentrate fermented by Klebsiella variicola to explain the enhanced aroma compound production and reduced harmful compound production. The results of macro-genomic analysis revealed following facts: (i) Genes related to carbohydrate degradation, amino acid degradation, and lipid degradation accounted for a large proportion of the concentrate microbiome, accounting for 16.1%, 21.8%, and 4.8%, respectively; (ii) Klebsiella variicola is significantly related to the decrease in water-soluble sugar and nicotine; (iii) changes in the contents of 2-acetylpyrrole,β-damascenone, benzyl alcohol, linalool, farnesyl acetone, and phenylethanol are significantly related to the genes abundance of glycoside hydrolases such as GH28, GH42, and GH13; (iv) changes in the contents of dihydrokiwifruit lactone, 2,4-di-t-butylphenol and megastigmatrienones are significantly and positively correlated with the genes abundance changes of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus Faraday and Klebsiella pneumonia; (v) the decrease in the number of aroma-enhancing bacteria during fermentation is due to the autophagy-related protein [ATG5]. This work may be helpful for improving fermentation product quality by regulating the microbial community and gaining insight into the microbial ecosystem.
An improved conservation status of Southern Bald Ibis Geronticus calvus as informed by a diversity of citizen science projects suggests positive impacts of conservation attention
Authors: Lee Alan , Pienaar Carina , Chetty Kishaylin , Colyn Robin
Published: February 2023

The Southern Bald Ibis is endemic to South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini, occurring across high and mid- altitude mesic grasslands and has been of conservation concern in the seventies, resulting in a range of monitoring, research and conservation actions. We examine a range of data sources to determine the conservation status of this species, employing a variety of statistical and analysis pathways. We compare trends in reporting rates from Southern African Bird Atlas Projects (SABAP), examine trends in numbers of nests reported through colony monitoring, and explore contributions made to the ‘Threatened species cause’ from the BirdLasser mobile app. Using the BirdLasser data, we find the species is widely reported across the range outside of sites with known colonies and roosts, suggesting a large proportion of the population is not available for counting during the breeding season. Using insights from the SABAP data and occupancy modelling, combined with group counts from BirdLasser data, we suggest the population is likely > 10 000 individuals. None of the trend analysis statistics we used revealed a decrease in population size for the period 1987–2021. We note that certain colonies are still being abandoned, but this is now at a lower rate (< 10% of colonies). After dramatic declines from the early part of the last century, this suggests the declines are now being curtailed, and there is some evidence the species may be recolonizing lost range. However, we note that this species is being negatively impacted by loss of grasslands to alien vegetation, and will likely be negatively impacted by climate change and other developments. While it is difficult to infer causality with conservation attention, the reversal in the fortunes of the species is encouraging for those involved in the long conservation journey of this species. Continued monitoring of this charismatic species is required in addition to ongoing habitat management to ensure declines are conclusively reversed.
Limb Occlusion Pressure Versus Standard Tourniquet Inflation Pressure in Minor Hand Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kanchanathepsak Thepparat , Pukrittayakamee Natsuda Chua , Woratanarat Patarawan , Tawonsawatruk Tulyapruek , Angsanuntsukh Chanika
Published: February 2023

Background

In minor hand surgery, tourniquet is typically inflated to 250 mmHg. The pressure may be too high and cause unnecessary adverse effects. Limb occlusion pressure (LOP) plus safety margin or recommended tourniquet pressure (RTP), has been reported as optimal pressure to provide bloodless field in limb surgeries. This study aimed to compare the RTP with the standard tourniquet pressure of 250 mmHg in minor hand surgery.

Methods

A double-blinded randomized control trial was conducted from July 2019 to May 2021. Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups: RTP and 250 mmHg with 3:1 ratio allocation. The outcomes were measurement of cuff pressure reduction, time to develop of tourniquet pain and discomfort, pain score, discomfort score, motionless and bloodless of operative field determined by the surgeon’s satisfaction.

Results

A total of 112 patients were included, 84 were in RTP and 28 were in 250 mmHg group. Mean of tourniquet pressure was significantly lower in the RTP group (228.3 ± 17.2 mmHg) (P < 0.001). Even though, time to develop pain was not significantly different, the RTP group reported significantly less pain and discomfort, according to the pain score (P = 0.02) and discomfort score (P = 0.017). The RTP group provided better motionless field, while both groups equally created a bloodless field.

Conclusion

The RTP significantly reduced tourniquet related pain and discomfort during minor hand surgeries. It provided better motionless operative field and adequate bloodless field. Therefore, the RTP should be considered as optimal tourniquet pressure for minor hand surgeries.
Level of Evidence: Level I
Coumarin linked thiazole derivatives as potential α-Glucosidase inhibitors to treat Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ichale Rushikesh , Kanhed Ashish M. , Vora Amisha
Published: February 2023

Diabetes is a leading cause of kidney failure, blindness, heart attacks and lower limb amputation. Prevalence of diabetes is rising globally. α-glucosidase is validated target for controlling hyperglycemia because of its role in catalysing hydrolysis of carbohydrates to glucose in GIT. In an attempt to find novel safe and effective α-glucosidase inhibitors, coumarin linked thiazole were identified as potential scaffold on the basis of their interactions with the active site of α-glucosidase studied in silico. A series of coumarin linked thiazole derivatives were synthesized and analysed for α-glucosidase inhibitory potential in an in-vitro assay. The synthesized molecules showed potent inhibition of α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 9.38 μM. The most potent compound 2-((4-bromophenyl) amino)-N-(4-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) thiazol-2-yl) acetamide was further docked with α-glucosidase and molecular dynamics studies were carried out for 100ns which suggested the stability of protein and ligand in the protein active site over the simulation period and role of hydrophobic interactions slightly more than the electrostatic/polar interactions in ligand-receptor stability. In summary, our results demonstrate efficacy of coumarin-linked thiazole as potential leads for further optimization and development.
Use of network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the mechanism of action of turmeric in the treatment of osteosarcoma
Authors: Hu Minhua , Yan Hongsong , Li Haishan , Feng Yuanlan , Sun Weipeng , Ren Yueyi , Ma Luyao , Zeng Wenxing , Huang Feng , Jiang Ziwei , Dong Hang
Published: February 2023

Turmeric has been used as an adjuvant treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) owing to its anticancer components. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of turmeric in the treatment of OS using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The methods included obtaining data on anticancer ingredients, turmeric targets, and OS treatment targets from public databases and relevant literature, structuring the “protein‒protein interaction” networks to screen out the hub genes and to analyze protein modules, and performing Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of intersection targets were performed. Finally, the relationship between key targets and core component was analyzed by molecular docking. Our research demonstrated that a total of 11 potential active compounds and 14 hub genes for turmeric were screened and predicted. AKT1, TNF, STAT3, EGFR, and HSP90AA1 were the key targets, closely related to PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, HIF-1 signaling pathways, ErbB signaling pathways, and FOXO signaling pathways,which were involved in the angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance in the microenvironment of OS. The molecular docking suggested that core ingredient had a strong affinity with key targets. The study showed that turmeric-mediated treatment of OS was complex process involving multiple components, targets, and pathways. It will enhance the understanding of how turmeric affects the proliferation and invasion of OS cells and reveal the potential molecular mechanism underlying the effect of turmeric on OS lung metastasis and chemotherapy resistance.
Dynamic Soil Properties for Construction Site Investigation Using Geophysical Methods
Authors: Bello Abdulsalam , Muztaza Nordiana Mohd , Zakaria Muhammad Taqiuddin , Salleh Alyaa Nadhira , Rosli Farid Najmi , Saad Rosli , Jia Teoh Ying , Zulaikah Siti , Rahman Nazrin
Published: February 2023

Geophysical approaches are used for site characterization to determine the dynamic behaviour of soil. Structures built on a site without sufficient assessment are prone to collapse or failure. Thus, before beginning any building activity, it is critical to assess the soil dynamic qualities. This is significant because buildings are constructed on top of the ground surface, supported by the underlying soil and rock. This work aimed to determine a competent layer for building foundations. This study was conducted to evaluate the dynamic soil behaviour of Paya Terubong on Penang Island. Resistivity, Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, bulk modulus, bulk density, rippability, and material bearing capacity are among the parameters utilised for the characterization. This will be obtained from the electrical resistivity, seismic refraction, and MASW methods. Three layers were detected by these methods. Results from the study indicate that the area is mostly composed of highly dense silty sand and granitic bedrock, which makes it competent for foundation construction since higher compaction raises the ultimate and allowable bearing capacities of the third layer to very high levels. In addition, soil and rock layers identified using geophysical methods match well with the borehole data showing that material stiffness increases with depth. Rippable layers extend from the ground surface to a depth of 3 meters. The calculated values gotten from the soil dynamic properties and material bearing capacity show that the second and third layers have good geotechnical qualities. The ultimate bearing capacities calculated for the first layer range from 453 to 731 kPa, while the second layer capacities range from 1041 to 1691 kPa, and capacities for the third layer range from 2013 to 3650 kPa. For setting up structures, the second layer can support building foundations at a depth of 4 meters from the existing ground level. This approach is cost-effective, saves time, and is non-destructive for site characterization.
Molecular characterization of genes related with angiogenesis, cold- hot tumor, and tumor immunity interactions in patients with TACE resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Kang , WU Yumeng , Fan Qiyu , Wang Yilang , Zhang Xiubin , Shi Rongfeng , Chen Cong , Xia Zicong , Wu Ying , Xia Yunfei , Xu Jian , Zhao Hui
Published: February 2023

Background
Tumor angiogenesis is an important factor in inducing tumor recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance, which directly affects the therapeutic effect of tumor patients. As a key treatment for liver cancer, TACE can prolong the survival time of some patients, but in patients with liver cancer after TACE, the relationship between TACE resistance and angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment, hot and cold tumors and immunotherapy is not clear.
Methods
We systematically evaluated 36 angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs) and comprehensively determined the correlation between angiogenesis and transcriptional patterns, prognosis and immune cell infiltration. ARGs score was used to quantify the angiogenic subtypes of each patient after TACE. Then we evaluated and verified their value in predicting the prognosis and treatment response of patients after TACE, and finally simulated the TACE environment to verify the effectiveness of the drug in vitro.
Results
We discussed the ARGs mutations in patients with TACE at the genetic level and determined their expression patterns in the TCGA and GEO cohorts. We identified two different molecular subtypes to distinguish between hot and cold tumors and observed that ARGs mutations were associated with clinicopathological features, prognosis and invasive TME. Secondly, an ARGs score was established to predict the overall survival time (OS), and its ability to reliably predict patients after TACE was confirmed. In addition, we have created a highly reliable Nomogram map to promote the clinical feasibility of ARGs score. Lower ARGs score, characterized by mutation burden and immune activation, proved superior OS. In addition, ARGs score was significantly correlated with immune score and drug sensitivity. At the same time, new drugs were screened to inhibit tumor angiogenesis and cooperate with immune anti-tumor therapy in TACE environment.
Conclusion
We determined that the high-risk group related with angiogenesis may be more suitable for immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and show the characteristics of hot tumor, which provides a reliable and simple method for HCC patients to evaluate the diagnosis and prognosis of tumor resistance to TACE, and to guide patients' choice of clinical treatment.
Something for Nothing: Improved Solvation Free Energy Prediction with Δ-Learning
Authors: Meng Fanwang , Zhang Hanwen , Collins-Ramirez Juan Samuel , Ayers Paul W.
Published: February 2023

Molecular solubility is among the key properties that determine the clinical performance of a drug candidate because poor molecular solubility often indicates inadequate bioavailability. Using the CombiSolv-Exp database, we test several models (Gaussian process regression, decision trees, k-nearest neighbors) for hydration free energies by integrating Δ-Learning and a universal quantum-chemistry continuum solvation model, SMD. The optimal model is Gaussian process regression with MAE of 0.63 kcal/mol. The reported models improve the accuracy of SMD, but have negligible additional computational cost.
Recalculate without recomputing
Authors: Curto José Dias
Published: February 2023

The available memory on a desktop or laptop computer can easily be exceeded by a large data set/stream when performing analytics or training machine learning algorithms. In this paper we propose simple methods to recalculate and update the value of descriptive statistics (averages, variance, coefficients of skewness and kurtosis) after rescaling, adding or excluding some observations. The coefficient of determination from regression analysis is also recalculated after deleting each sample observation. The objective is to avoid including all the observations (especially in a big data set/stream) when those statistics are recalculated. For this, only its previous value updated by the changed observations is needed, saving time in the respective calculation.
Reproductive physiology, growth performances, and physiological responses of Puntius sophore: effect of probiotic, biofloc and stocking densities
Authors: Debi Sutapa , Mazumder Sabuj Kanti , Salam Mohammad Abdus , Rahman Mohammad Lutfar , Hossain Md. Shakhawate , Das Simon Kumar
Published: February 2023

In Bangladesh, the pool barb (Puntius sophore) is a significant small indigenous species. However, there is no report on the reproductive physiology and broodstock development of it. Determining various aspects of reproductive biology and looking into how different dietary regimes and stocking densities affect growth and haematological responses in captivity were the main objectives of the current study. Monthly collection of 480 specimens for reproductive biology study, and for broodstock development, 400 fish were collected from Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh. Sex ratio, size distribution, condition factor (K), fecundity, and gonadosomatic index (GSI) seasonal fluctuations were evaluated. For domestication study, fish were subjected to three different diets (control diet D1, biofloc D2 and probiotic containing diet D3) and three stocking densities (20, 25, and 30 fish per 400L) with triplicates. Both sexes experienced the highest condition factor (K) in June, whereas males and females experienced the lowest levels in February and January, respectively. GSI showed one peak in June for both the sexes. Fecundity ranged from 960 to 5680 eggs with average of 3116 ± 1410. All growth performances were considerably greater in probiotic treatment and lower stocking density (20 fish per 400L tank) than in the biofloc and control treatments, although food conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in the probiotic treatment and lower density (20 fish). Except for RBC fed with different diets and WBC at varied stocking densities, there were no significant differences between the treatments; all haematological measures were within the normal range. Overall, data indicates that a probiotic supplementation (0.2% kg− 1 feed) stocked with 20 fish per tank (400 L) will be effective for broodstock development of this native fish in captivity.
D-galactose supplementation for the treatment of mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE): a trial of precision medicine after epilepsy surgery
Authors: Aledo-Serrano Angel , Valls-Carbó Adrián , Fenger Christina D. , Groeppel Gudrun , Hartlieb Till , Pascual Irene , Herraez Erika , Cabal Borja , García-Morales Irene , Toledano Rafael , Budke Marcelo , Beltran-Corbellini Álvaro , Baldassari Sara , Coras Roland , Kobow Katja , Herrera David M. , Barrio Antonio del , Dahl Hans Atli , Pino Isabel del , Baulac Stéphanie , Blumcke Ingmar , Møller Rikke S. , Gil-Nagel Antonio
Published: February 2023

Introduction: MOGHE is defined as mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy. Approximately half of patients with histopathologically confirmed MOGHE carry a brain somatic variant in the SLC35A2 gene encoding a UDP-galactose transporter. Previous research showed D-galactose supplementation results in clinical improvement in patients with a congenital disorder of glycosylation due to germline variants in SLC35A2. We aimed to evaluate the effects of D-galactose supplementation in patients with histopathologically confirmed MOGHE, with uncontrolled seizures or cognitive impairment and epileptiform activity at the EEG after epilepsy surgery (NCT04833322).
Methods: Patients were orally supplemented with D-galactose for six months in doses up to 1.5 g/kg/day, monitored for seizure frequency including 24-hour-video-EEG recording, cognition and behavioral scores, i.e., WISC, BRIEF-2, SNAP-IV, SCQ and quality of life measures, before and 6 months after treatment. Global response was defined by >50% improvement of seizure frequency and/or cognition and behavior (Clinical Global Impression of “much improved” or better).
Results. Twelve patients (aged 5-28 years) were included from three different centers. Neurosurgical tissue samples were available in all patients and revealed a brain somatic variant in SLC35A2 in six patients (non-present in blood). After six months of D-galactose supplementation a 50% reduction or higher of seizure frequency was achieved in 3/6 patients, with an improvement at EEG in 2/5 patients. One patient became seizure-free. An improvement of cognitive/behavioral features encompassing impulsivity (mean SNAP-IV -3.19 [-0.84; -5.6]), social communication (mean SCQ -2.08 [-0.63;-4.90]) and executive function (BRIEF-2 inhibit -5.2 [-1.23; -9.2]) was observed. Global responder rate was 9/12 (6/6 in SLC35A2-positive). Two patients presented gastrointestinal discomfort, solved after dose spacing or dose reduction. Conclusion: Supplementation with D-galactose in patients with MOGHE is safe and well tolerated. Although the efficacy data warrant larger studies, it might build a rationale for precision medicine after epilepsy surgery.
Latin American validation of an instrument to assess stress caused by a possible war originated from the current armed conflicts (War-Stress)
Authors: Mejia Christian R. , Esteban Renzo Felipe arranza , Mamani-Benito Oscar , Aveiro-Róbalo Telmo Raúl , Bautista-Pariona Anthony , Vega-Useche Camilo , Cedillo-Balcázar Jamil , Braga-Souza Edilaine , Chamorro-Espinoza Scherlli , Vilela-Estrada Martin A. , Armada Jose , Rivera-Lozada Oriana
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Every armed conflict generates an uncomfortable and stressful environment, but there were no valid instruments to measure this in the Latin American population.
Objective: To validate, in Latin American, an instrument to assess stress due to a possible war originated from the current conflicts.
Methodology: This is a multicentric, instrumental study. It was based on a previous survey that measured stress, but we added some other questions according to the context of war. We sought previous and other suggested questions; then, expert judgment was carried out as well as a previous pilot test, virtual surveying, and psychometric analysis.
Results: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index (KMO = 0,957) and the Barlett’s test (230039.3; df = 105; p = 0.000) were acceptable. Factor 1 (stress in the war context) explains 64,3%; and Factor 2 (stress due to external situations caused by the war), 75,9% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a nine-item model, grouped into two factors (χ2 = 312,08; df = 26; p = 0.001; RMR = 0.030; GFI = 0.960; CFI = 0,980; TLI = 0.980; and RMSEA = 0.070). The general Alpha (α = 0.935; 95% CI = 0.92 – 0.94), and Factor 2 (α = 0.955; 95% CI = 0.81 – 0.91) were good.
Discussion: We validated an instrument with excellent psychometric indicators. Through nine questions in two factors, it can measure stress effectively in the context of war. It is applicable to multiple scenarios.
Automatic Modulation Recognition of Radar Signals Based on Histogram of Oriented Gradient via Improved Principal Component Analysis
Authors: CHEN KUIYU , Zhang Jingyi , Chen Si , Zhang Shuning , Zhao Huichang
Published: February 2023

Automatic modulation recognition (AMR) of radar signals plays a critical role in electronic reconnaissance. Current AMR algorithms are mainly based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), which can learn the feature hierarchy by establishing high-level features from low-level features. However, for time-frequency analysis-based methods, distinct low-level features in the time-frequency spectrum (TFS) can already reflect modulation characteristics. Thus, this study develops a novel approach based on low-level shape descriptors via histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) and support vector machine (SVM). Comparison studies with classic CNN-based methods have also been done to reveal the superiority of the designed approach. Experimental results demonstrate that the HOG-SVM approach has a more efficient performance. To further enhance the classification precision under low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), an improved principal component analysis (IPCA) denoising algorithm is developed to improve signal quality under intense noise background. Experiments based on simulated and measured signals demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can accurately distinguish signals under intense noise environments.
Validation of the Minnesota Easy Culture System II
Authors: Hochhalter J. , Godden S. , Bey R. , Lago A. , Jones M.
Published: February 2023

The objectives of this study were to perform an in-lab validation of the Minnesota Easy Culture System II bi-plate method as compared to standardized laboratory culture methods and to describeinter-reader agreement for bi-plate culture results.
What can Veterinarians and Producers do to Improve Biosecurity Practices on US Dairy Operations?
Authors: Lombard J. E. , Dargatz D. A. , Eia C. L. , Fossler C. P.
Published: February 2023

Implementation of biosecurity and biocontainment practices continues to be the best means by which to identify and decrease the spread of many diseases. Results from the National Animal Health Monitoring System's (NAHMS) dairy studies allow for a comparison of biosecurity practices implemented on dairy operations from 1991 to 2007. Results from the most recent study in 2007 indicate that numerous opportunities remain for veterinarians to assist dairy producers in improving biosecurity and limiting disease introduction and spread on operations.
Molecular Characterization of Pasteurella multocida Isolates From Fatal Cases of Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Taylor J. D. , Fulton R. W. , Lehenbauer T. W. , Dabo S. M. , Confer A. W.
Published: February 2023

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most costly disease of beef cattle in North America. Mannheimia haemolytica is the most common cause of BRD, but recent work suggests that Pasteurella multocida is increasing in importance. Because P multocida is a commensal inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract, it is generally considered an opportunistic pathogen. However, studies in swine indicated that there may be a limited number of strains associated with disease, suggesting that some are more virulent than others. We hypothesize that similar strain differences exist in cattle. Polymerization chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting is effective in discriminating between isolates of P multocida, but it has not been validated in bovine isolate.s. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of PCR fingerprinting of P multocida isolates from cases of BRD to more traditional approaches, including whole cell protein (WCP) profiles, outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles and serotyping. The information obtained through these techniques was then used to examine isolate diversity to determine if disease was primarily attributable to a limited number of strains.
Test Comparison of Precision Xtra® and Ketostix® for Ketosis in Dairy Cows
Authors: Burke C. M. , Rapheal W. , Leslie K. E. , Neuder L. M.
Published: February 2023

Ketosis is a common disease of periparturient dairy cows. Ketosis is defined as an increased concentration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in the serum. There is strong evidence that cows with mild ketonemia (above approximately 1.1-1.4mmol/l) are at an increased risk of other disease (e.g. displaced abomasum), decreased milk production and infertility. Diagnosing ketosis is important because it has a financial cost and at the herd level, reflects feeding and management. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of a newly available BHBA assay (Precision Xtra®), marketed for human diabetic patients, by comparison to the gold standard test. This new device has potential to be a quality cows-side test for monitoring subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle. An additional objective was to assess the accuracy of the Ketostix® test.
Effect of Nutritional Plane on Health and Performance in Dairy Calves after Experimental Infection with Cryptosporidium parvum
Authors: Ollivett T. L. , Nydam D. V. , Linden T. C. , Bowman D. D. , Van Amburgh M.
Published: February 2023

Neonatal dairy calf maintenance energy requirements are approximately 1.6 Meal metabolizable energy (ME)/d at thermoneutral temperatures. Historically used milk replacer feeding regimens (e.g. 2 quarts ofreconstituted solids twice per day) provide approximately 2.2 Meal ME/d. Considering the abundance of environmental and pathogenic challenges faced by neonatal calves, these conventional feeding programs provide little energy reserves for maintaining body temperature, mounting immune responses, and growing at expected rates of 1.1 to 2.0 lb/d (0.5 to 0.9 kg/d). Cryptosporidium parvum, an enteric protozoan, is an almost ubiquitous infectious stressor of neonatal dairy calves. Infection by this organism is difficult to prevent and treat. As it is a zoonotic parasite, a few oocysts may infect and cause disease in naive people, and infections are a severe health risk in the immunocompromised. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of conventional nutritional plane versus a higher nutritional plane on the health and performance of dairy calves after experimental infection with C. parvum.
Effect of Flunixin Meglumine Treatment Following Parturition on Cow Health and Milk Production
Authors: Duffield T. , Dingwell H. P. , Skidmore A. , Weary D. , Neuder L. , Rapheal W. , Millman S. , Newby N. , Leslie K.
Published: February 2023

A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on two Holstein dairy farms: a research facility in Ontario, Canada and a large commercial dairy farm in Michigan. It was hypothesized that a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Banamine) will reduce pain after calving, thus improving individual cow well-being, and in turn improve milk production, reduce periparturient disease, enhance reproductive performance, and limit early removal from the herd in the subsequent lactation.
Validation of a Rapid Cow-side Test for the Measurement of Blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Fresh Cows
Authors: Konkol K. , Godden S. , Rapnicki P. , Overton M. , Rollin E.
Published: February 2023

Ketosis is an important metabolic disease in transition cows, associated with decreased milk production, impaired reproductive performance, and abomasal displacements. Cows with blood beta hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations greater than 14.4 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L) are considered to be ketotic (Duffield et al). Producers or veterinarians may measure blood BHBA levels in individual sick cows (diagnostic purposes) or may periodically test representative groups of fresh cows to estimate the herd prevalence of ketosis (monitoring purposes). However, there are disadvantages to currently available tests. Though considered the gold standard, submitting serum samples to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory for BHBA analysis is inconvenient and expensive, and the delay in reporting does not lend itself as an individual animal diagnostic test. Conversely, and though they are inexpensive, rapid, and easy to use, available cow-side urine and milk ketone tests have been reported to have lower sensitivity and specificity (Carrier et al) and rely on visual interpretation of color change. Ideally, the industry would have an accurate, rapid, convenient, and inexpensive cow-side test to measure blood BHBA levels in cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of an electronic hand held BHBA meter, designed to measure blood BHBA in human diabetics, for cow-side use in dairy herds.
Automated Detection of Lameness in Dairy Cows Using Measurements of Weight Distribution
Authors: Chapinal N. , Wagner S. A. , Rushen J. , De Pasillé A. M.
Published: February 2023

Lameness in dairy cows may be difficult to detect by visual observation. The objective of the study was to assess whether measures of activity and how cows distribute their weight among their legs when standing can detect lameness.
Immunity and Inflammation in Transition Cows
Authors: Bradford Barry J.
Published: February 2023

Inflammation is an ancient, broadly-conserved set of non-specific responses to infection that contribute to the immune system’s ability to clear invading pathogens. However, inflammation is a double-edged sword, and there is growing recognition of the harmful effects of excessive or chronic inflammation for the animal, especially with respect to its metabolic function. Activation of inflammatory pathways is very common among periparturient dairy cows, likely driven by a combination of pathogen challenges, calving-associated tissue damage, endotoxin exposure, and lipid-mediated oxidative stress. Recent evidence suggests that the resulting inflammation may promote metabolic disorders through decreases in feed intake and maladaptive changes in liver metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Treatments that successfully prevent the causes of inflammation and/or directly inhibit inflammatory signaling cascades hold promise for improving the health and productivity of dairy cows in early lactation.
Effect of heat-treatment on nutritional and immune factors in bovine colostrum
Authors: Godden S. M. , Hausler K. , Koewler N. , Brakefield K. , Van Amburgh M. , Rapnicki P.
Published: February 2023

Studies have demonstrated that heat-treating colostrum at 140QF (60°C) for 60 minutes results in a significant reduction in colostral bacteria counts with no overall reduction in colostral IgG concentrations. Preweaned calves fed HT colostrum have enhanced efficiency of absorption of IgG and reduced morbidity. Despite these benefits, limited research exists to describe whether the heat-treatment process harms other colostrum components. The objective of Study 1, described herein, was to describe the effect of heat-treatment on concentrations of several nutrient and immune factors in bovine colostrum. The objective of Study 2 was to describe the effects of heat-treatment on leukocyte viability, alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzyme activity, and IgG concentrations in bovine colostrum.
novel approach to bovine viral diarrhea virus surveillance
Authors: Givens M. D. , Marley M. S. D. , Riddell K. P. , Zhang YiJing
Published: February 2023

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes significant economic loss in both the beef and dairy cattle industries. A major factor in the perpetuation of the virus in a herd of cattle is the presence of persistently infected (PI) animals. They continuously shed virus and often go unnoticed. Control measures currently advise testing of all animals in a herd for the presence of BVDV. While ear notching can accurately detect a PI animal, it is labor intensive and costly. For this reason the development of a non-invasive, cost-saving method to detect the virus within a group of cattle would be beneficial to the industry.