bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Spinal Cord Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Quantify Neural Ablation and Evaluate Outcome after Percutaneous Cordotomy for Intractable Cancer Pain
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Hou Ping , Chi T. Linda , Dougherty Patrick M. , Hess Kenneth R. , Viswanathan Ashwin
Published: January 2017

Background: Up to 20% of patients experience only partial pain relief after percutaneous cordotomy for cancer pain. Objective: To determine whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can quantify neural ablation and help evaluate early postoperative outcomes after cordotomy. Methods: Patients undergoing percutaneous CT-guided cordotomy for intractable cancer pain were prospectively studied. Pre- and postoperative assessment was made using the visual analog scale (VAS) on pain and the pain severity scores of the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form. On postoperative day 1, DTI images of the high cervical spinal cord were obtained. DTI metrics were correlated with the number of ablations as well as early postoperative pain outcomes. Results: Seven patients (4 male, mean age 53.8 ± 4.6 years) were studied. Fractional anisotropy of the hemicord was significantly lower on the side of the lesion as compared to the contralateral side (0.54 ± 0.03 vs. 0.63 ± 0.03, p < 0.001). Mean diffusivity correlated with the improvement in the VAS score at 1 week (r = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.34-1.00, p = 0.008), as well as the change in pain severity scores at 1 week (r = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.82-1.00, p < 0.001). Conclusion: DTI metrics are sensitive to the number of ablations as well as early improvement in pain scores after cordotomy. DTI of the cervical spinal cord is a potential biomarker of neural ablation after percutaneous cordotomy for intractable cancer pain.
Effects of Aloe Sterol Supplementation on Skin Elasticity, Hydration, and Collagen Score: A 12-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Tanaka Miyuki , Yamamoto Yuki , Misawa Eriko , Nabeshima Kazumi , Saito Marie , Yamauchi Koji , Abe Fumiaki , Furukawa Fukumi
Published: January 2017

Background/Aims: Our previous study confirmed that Aloe sterol stimulates collagen and hyaluronic acid production in human dermal fibroblasts. This study aims to investigate whether Aloe sterol intake affects skin conditions. Methods: We performed a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effects of oral Aloe sterol supplementation on skin elasticity, hydration, and the collagen score in 64 healthy women (age range 30-59 years; average 44.3 years) who were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo or an Aloe sterol-supplemented yogurt. Skin parameters were measured and ultrasound analysis of the forearm was performed. Results: ANCOVA revealed statistical differences in skin moisture, transepidermal water loss, skin elasticity, and collagen score between the Aloe sterol and placebo groups. The gross elasticity (R2), net elasticity (R5), and biological elasticity (R7) scores of the Aloe sterol group significantly increased with time. In addition, skin fatigue area F3, which is known to decrease with age and fatigue, also increased with Aloe sterol intake. Ultrasound echogenicity revealed that the collagen content in the dermis increased with Aloe sterol intake. Conclusion: The results suggest that continued Aloe sterol ingestion contributes to maintaining healthy skin.
Automated Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests in Adults with Respiratory Complaints
Authors: Topalovic Marko , Laval Stefan , Aerts Jean-Marie , Troosters Thierry , Decramer Marc , Janssens Wim ,   on behalf of the Belgian Pulmonary Function Study investigators
Published: January 2017

Background: The use of pulmonary function tests is primarily based on expert opinion and international guidelines. Current interpretation strategies are using predefined cutoffs for the description of a typical pattern. Objectives: We aimed to explore the predicted disease outcome based on the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) interpreting strategy. Subsequently, we investigated whether an unbiased machine learning framework integrating lung function with clinical variables may provide alternative decision trees resulting in a more accurate diagnosis. Methods: Our study included data from 968 subjects admitted for the first time to a pulmonary practice. The final clinical diagnosis was based on the combination of complete pulmonary function with the investigations that were decided at the physician's discretion. Clinical diagnoses were separated into 10 different groups and validated by an expert panel. Results: The ATS/ERS algorithm resulted in a correct diagnostic label in 38% of the subjects. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was detected with an acceptable accuracy (74%), whereas all other diseases were poorly identified. The new data-based decision tree improved the general accuracy to 68% after 10-fold cross-validation when detecting the most common lung diseases, with a significantly higher positive predictive value and sensitivity for COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease, and neuromuscular disorder (83/78, 66/82, 52/59, and 100/54%, respectively). Conclusions: Our data show that the current algorithms for lung function interpretation can be improved by a computer-based choice of lung function and clinical variables and their decision-making thresholds.
The Lack of Association between FCN2 Gene Promoter Region Polymorphisms and Dental Caries in Polish Children
Authors: Olszowski T. , Milona M. , Janiszewska-Olszowska J. , Safranow K. , Skonieczna-Żydecka K. , Walczak A. , Sikora M. , Chlubek D. , Madlani A. , Adler G.
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to examine the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding ficolin-2 protein (FCN2 gene) at positions -986 (rs17514136), -602 (rs3124953), and -4 (rs3124952) with dental caries in Polish children. Two hundred and sixty Polish Caucasian children aged 15 years were enrolled in this study: 82 with “higher” caries experience (DMFT >5) and 178 with “lower” caries experience (DMFT ≤5). In addition, subjects with caries experience (DMFT ≥1) and caries-free subjects (DMFT = 0) were compared. FCN2 SNPs were genotyped with PCR-RFLP methods. There were no significant differences in the genotype, allele, or haplotype distributions in 3 analyzed SNPs of the FCN2 gene between children with “higher” and those with “lower” caries experience as well as between children with caries experience and caries-free children. In conclusion, we did not find any association of FCN2 promoter polymorphisms at positions -986, -602, and -4 with dental caries in Polish children.
Mechanisms of Mas1 Receptor-Mediated Signaling in the Vascular Endothelium
Authors: Hoffmann Brian R. , Stodola Timothy J. , Wagner Jordan R. , Didier Daniela N. , Exner Eric C. , Lombard Julian H. , Greene Andrew S.
Published: January 2017

Objective—

Angiotensin II (AngII) has been shown to regulate angiogenesis and at high pathophysiological doses to cause vasoconstriction through the AngII receptor type 1. Angiotensin 1 to 7 (Ang-(1–7)) acting through the Mas1 receptor can act antagonistically to high pathophysiological levels of AngII by inducing vasodilation, whereas the effects of Ang-(1–7) signaling on angiogenesis are less defined. To complicate the matter, there is growing evidence that a subpressor dose of AngII produces phenotypes similar to Ang-(1–7).

Approach and Results—

This study shows that low-dose Ang-(1–7), acting through the Mas1 receptor, promotes angiogenesis and vasodilation similar to a low, subpressor dose of AngII acting through AngII receptor type 1. In addition, we show through in vitro tube formation that Ang-(1–7) augments the angiogenic response in rat microvascular endothelial cells. Using proteomic and genomic analyses, downstream components of Mas1 receptor signaling were identified, including Rho family of GTPases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase D1, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal–related kinase signaling. Further experimental antagonism of extracellular signal–related kinases 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling inhibited endothelial tube formation and vasodilation when stimulated with equimolar, low doses of either AngII or Ang-(1–7).

Conclusions—

These results significantly expand the known Ang-(1–7)/Mas1 receptor signaling pathway and demonstrate an important distinction between the pathological effects of elevated and suppressed AngII compared with the beneficial effects of AngII normalization and Ang-(1–7) administration. The observed convergence of Ang-(1–7)/Mas1 and AngII/AngII receptor type 1 signaling at low ligand concentrations suggests a nuanced regulation in vasculature. These data also reinforce the importance of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal–related kinase signaling in maintaining vascular function.
Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Severe Heart Failure
Authors: Tzou Wendy S. , Tung Roderick , Frankel David S. , Vaseghi Marmar , Bunch T. Jared , Di Biase Luigi , Tholakanahalli Venkatakrishna N. , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Dickfeld Timm , Saliaris Anastasios , Weiss J. Peter , Mathuria Nilesh , Tedrow Usha , Afzal Mohammed R. , Vergara Pasquale , Nagashima Koichi , Patel Mehul , Nakahara Shiro , Vakil Kairav , Burkhardt J. David , Tseng Chi-Hong , Natale Andrea , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Callans David J. , Stevenson William G. , Della Bella Paolo , Marchlinski Francis E. , Sauer William H.
Published: January 2017

Background—

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) radiofrequency ablation has been associated with reduced VT recurrence and mortality, although it is typically not considered among New York Heart Association class IV (NYHA IV) heart failure patients. We compared characteristics and VT radiofrequency ablation outcomes of those with and without NYHA IV in the International VT Ablation Center Collaboration.

Methods and Results—

NYHA II–IV patients undergoing VT radiofrequency ablation at 12 international centers were included. Clinical variables, VT recurrence, and mortality were analyzed by NYHA IV status using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models. There were significant differences between NYHA IV (n=111) and NYHA II and III (n=1254) patients: NYHA IV had lower left ventricular ejection fraction; more had diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, cardiac resynchronization implantable cardioverter–defibrillator, and VT storm despite greater antiarrhythmic drug use (
P
<0.01). NYHA IV subjects required more hemodynamic support, were inducible for more and slower VTs, and were less likely to undergo final programmed stimulation. There was no significant difference in acute complications. In-hospital deaths, recurrent VT, and 1-year mortality were higher in the NYHA IV group, in the context of greater baseline comorbidities. Importantly, NYHA IV patients without recurrent VT had similar survival compared with NYHA II and III patients with recurrent VT (68% versus 73%). Early VT recurrence (≤30 days) was significantly associated with mortality, especially in NYHA IV patients.

Conclusions—

Despite greater baseline comorbidities, VT radiofrequency ablation can be safely performed among NYHA IV patients. Early VT recurrence is significantly associated with subsequent mortality regardless of NYHA status. Elimination of recurrent VT in NYHA IV patients may reduce mortality to a level comparable to NYHA II and III with arrhythmia recurrence.
Self-Legitimacy, Organisational Commitment and Commitment to Fair Treatment of Prisoners: An Empirical Study of Prison Officers in Slovenia
Authors: Meško Gorazd , Hacin Rok , Tankebe Justice , Fields Chuck
Published: January 2017

Recent work on legitimacy within criminal justice systems have drawn attention to self-legitimacy; that is, criminal justice professionals’ own recognition of their entitlement to power. The evidence on this aspect of legitimacy remains sparse and mainly from police studies. We know almost nothing about the self-legitimacy of prison officers. This paper contributes to filling this gap, with an empirical focus on prison officers in Slovenia. Specifically, it explores the correlates of officer self-legitimacy and the implications of self-legitimacy for commitments to the rights of prisoners and to the organisation. Results from multiple regression analyses show that quality of interpersonal relationships among officers, perceived audience legitimacy (that is, officers’ sense of their moral standing among prisoners), and distributive justice predicted self-legitimacy. Self-legitimacy was associated with increased commitment to fair treatment of prisoners but it was irrelevant to organisational commitment. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The Ukraine Syndrome and Europe: Between Norms and Space
Authors: Sakwa Richard
Published: January 2017

It is no accident that the Euromaidan revolution from November 2013 was triggered by President Viktor Yanukovych’s decision to postpone signing the Association Agreement with the European Union. This paper traces the connection between a certain type of Ukrainian state building, here labelled as monist, and the larger context of European institution building based on the eu, which from the pan-European perspective is also monist. These two monist projects, which fail systemically to allow for alternatives and pluralistic diversity, feed off and mutually reinforce each other. Neither in structural terms can imagine alternatives existing outside of themselves. Both are deeply plural internally, but claim certain hegemonic privileges. By contrast, projects for the constitutional incorporation of pluralistic diversity in Ukraine offer the perspective of national reconciliation, and this would be facilitated by the advancement of some sort of greater European pluralism that would obviate the need to choose between alternative integration projects. The Ukraine syndrome is part of the broader failure in the post-Cold War years to create an inclusive European political order.
Phylogenetic analysis of the genera of endemic Hawaiian sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) based on morphology with redescription and key to the genera of endemic Hawaiian Nitidulidae
Authors: EWING CURTIS
Published: January 2017

The endemic Hawaiian sap beetles were originally placed in 13 genera in 1908; Apetasimus, Apetinus, Cillaeopeplus, Cyrtostolus, Eunitidula, Eupetinus, Gonioryctus, Goniothorax, Nesapterus, Nesopeplus, Nesopetinus, Notopeplus, and Orthostolus. Apetasimus, Cyrtostolus, Eunitidula, and Notopeplus were described for single species, with additional species later described for Apetasimus and three undescribed species known for Eunitidula from Oahu, Molokai, and West Maui. Nesopeplus and Nesopetinus have been previously shown to be junior synonyms of Prosopeus. The monophyly of the genera is tested using morphological characters, primarily of the male copulatory sac, in a parsimony framework. The results provide the rationale for reducing the number of endemic genera to six; Apetasimus (= Cyrtostolus + Orthostolus in part), Cillaeopeplus (= Notopeplus), Eupetinus (= Apetinus), Gonioryctus (= Eunitidula + Goniothorax + Nesapterus), Orthostolus s.s., and Prosopeus. Brachypeplus (= Cillaeopeplus) gracilis, a species endemic to Guam, was placed in the formerly Hawaiian endemic Cillaeopeplus in 1962. Examination of the types of all species of Cillaeopeplus shows no direct connection between B. gracilis and the Hawaiian taxa comprising the remainder of Cillaeopeplus. Brachypeplus gracilis is placed incertae sedis in Brachypeplus herein. The position of the endemic Hawaiian sap beetles within the nit idulid subfamily Cillaeinae is surveyed using exemplar species from 22 of 27 genera placed in Cillaeinae. Undescribed species from eastern Polynesia allied with Brachypeplus subgenus Selis are proposed as the closest relatives of the Hawaiian endemic sap beetles based on internal and external morphology.
Fraz. zbić z pantałyku ‘stropić kogo, pozbawić pewności siebie’
Authors: Rytter Grażyna
Published: January 2017

The phrase zbić z pantałyku ‘to perplex, shatter somebody’s confidence’The article concerns the East-­Slavic linguistic influence on Polish in the second half of the nineteenh century as exemplified by the meaning of the phrase zbić z pantałyku. Today’s meaning of the phrase  is associated with another phraseologism zbić z tropu ‘to throw [lit. knock] off trace,’ which originates from the hunting jargon. *Pantałyk as a separate word is not (and never has been) used in general Polish, and the comprehensibility of the whole phrase is the result of the sum of its components.East Slavic counterparts of the phrase are attested from the mid­nineteenth century. In the Polish of the period, zbić z pantałyku had a colloquial status, and its usefulness in the sphere of everyday communication was a manifestation of economy of imaginary rather than conceptual means of expression. Especially in the conditions of widespread bilingualism, the new phrase could easily be recognized against the background of contemporary usage of near­synonymous colloquial phrases derived from the verb zbić ‘to beat’ but also ‘to knock off.’The greater frequency of zbić z pantałyku  in the Polish of south­eastern borderlands resulted from a combination of factors, mainly the blurred boundaries between literary and dialectal (folk) phraseology. Fraz. zbić z pantałyku ‘stropić kogo, pozbawić pewności siebie’Artykuł dotyczy wpływów ruskojęzycznych w polszczyźnie drugiej połowy XIX wieku. Dziś znaczenie frazeologizmu zbić z pantałyku to odpowiednik wybić z szyku, zbić z tropu, ‘zmieszać, stropić’, realnie ‘pomieszać krok’, ‘stracić ślad (na polowaniu)’.*Pantałyk jako wyraz samodzielny nie jest (i nigdy nie był) używany w polszczyźnie ogólnej, natomiast znaczenie całego frazeologizmu wynika z sumy jego składników.Odpowiedniki wschodniosłowiańskie poświadczone są od połowy XIX stulecia. W ówczesnej polszczyźnie zbić z pantałyku miało status potoczny, którego użyteczność w sferze komunikacji codziennej to przejaw ekonomiczności środków obrazowych zamiast pojęciowych.Nowy frazeologizm mógł być łatwo rozpoznawany w warunkach bilingwizmu językowego na tle ówczesnych środków z tradycją użycia w sferze potocznej. O szczególnej częstotliwości użycia zbić z pantałyku w polszczyźnie kresów południowo­wschodnich zdecydował splot czynników, głównie zaś „rozmyte” granice między frazeologią literacką a gwarową (ludową).
Джип подрезал «форда», или Существует ли в русском языке грамматическая категория одушевленности / неодушевленности?
Authors: Федосюк [Fedosiuk] Mихаил [Mikhail] Юрьевич [IUr'evich]
Published: January 2017

Jeep cut in “ford”, or Does the grammatical category of animateness / inanimateness exist in Russian?The purpose of the article is to clarify the concept of grammatical category of animateness / inanimateness in Russian. After analyzing the history of the study of this category and the history of its development, the author concludes that the grammatical category of animateness, despite its name, is intended to mark not living objects, but objects with a potential of activity. The main function of this category is to distinguish nominative and accusative cases in such sentences as modern informal Russian Dzhip podrezal “ forda” (Jeep cut in “Ford”), where without such а distinguishing feature it could be unclear which of these two nouns is the subject and which is the object. Jeep zajechał drogę „fordowi”, albo Czy w języku rosyjskim istnieje gramatyczna kategoria żywotności / nieżywotności?Celem artykułu jest rozjaśnienie natury gramatycznej kategorii żywotności /nieżywotności w języku rosyjskim. Po przeanalizowaniu historii badań nad tą kategorią oraz historii jej rozwoju autor dochodzi do wniosku, że wbrew swojej nazwie gramatyczna kategoria żywotności charakteryzuje określenia nie żywych istot, a obiektów potencjalnie aktywnych. Podstawową funkcją tej kategorii jest odróżnienie form mianownika i biernika w takich zdaniach, jak Dżip podriezał „forda” (Jeep zajechał drogę „fordowi”) we współczesnym potocznym języku rosyjskim, gdzie w przeciwnym wypadku nie byłoby jasne, który z tych dwóch rzeczowników jest podmiotem, a który orzeczeniem.
Акцентний паралелiзм мiж дiѥсловами з класифiкацийними суфиксами – -i-// -iю-/-ѥ- та –и-//-ю-/-я-/-и-
Authors: Задорожний [Zadorozhnyĭ] Василь [Vasyl'] Б. [B.]
Published: January 2017

Accentual parallelism between verbs suffixed with -і- // -ію- / -іє- and -и- // -ю- / -я- / -и-The article presents an attempt to identify the pattern according to which pairs of common-rooted verbs ending with -іти and -ити (of the types білíти, жовтíти, чорнíти and біли́ти, жовти́ти, чорни́ти) are stressed in present-day Ukrainian. For instance, why do we have a verb with a movable stress біли́ти – білю́, бíлиш and a verb with a fixed inflection stress чорни́ти – чорню́, чорни́ш among the verbs with -ити in modern Ukrainian? They are both derivatives of the stem-stressed adjectives білий and чорний and the respective derivative verbs with -іти have the accentual features of the corresponding adjectives: білíти – білíю, білíєш and чорнíти – чорнíю, чорнíєш. The author believes that primary cor­relation of the accentual features of the verbs of both types is reflected by the pairs чорнíти – чорни́ти and so on. But nowadays this pattern is already violated in many cases because the verbs with -ити in modern Ukrainian are intensively losing their ultimate stress and developing a movable stress or a fixed stem stress instead. For example, the primary accentual correlation красíти – краси́ти – крашу́, краси́ш is being changed to the correlation красíти – крáсити – крáшу, крáсиш. Likewise, the modern correlation оголíти – оголи́ти – оголю́, огóлиш has replaced the former one оголíти – оголи́ти – оголю́, оголи́ш etc. Paralelność w akcentowaniu czasowników z sufiksami -і- // -ію- / -іє- oraz -и- // -ю- / -я- / -и-Artykuł stanowi próbę wyodrębnienia wzorca, zgodnie z którym we współczesnym języku ukraińskim akcentowane są pary czasowników o iden­tycznym rdzeniu i końcówce -іти i -ити (typu білíти, жовтíти, чорнíти i біли́ти, жовти́ти, чорни́ти). Rozważa się w nim na przykład, czemu we współczesnym ukraińskim wśród czasowników zakończonych na -ити obok czasownika z ruchomym akcentem біли́ти – білю́, бíлиш występuje czasownik ze stałym akcentem końcówkowym чорни́ти – чорню́, чорни́ш. Oba te czasowniki są derywatami przymiotników o akcencie rdzeniowym: білий i чорний, a odpowiadające im czasowniki zakończone na -іти akcentowane są analogicznie do przymiotników, od których się wywodzą: білíти – білíю, білíєш i чорнíти – чорнíю, чорнíєш. Zdaniem autora pierwotna korelacja w akcentowaniu czasowników obu omawianych typów znajduje odzwiercie­dlenie w parach typu чорнíти – чорни́ти. Obecnie jednak ów wzorzec akcen­towy języka ukraińskiego w wielu wypadkach ulega zaburzeniu, czasowniki zakończone na -ити coraz częściej bowiem tracą akcent końcowy na rzecz akcentu ruchomego lub stałego akcentu rdzeniowego. Przykładem może być pierwotna korelacja akcentów красíти – краси́ти – крашу́, краси́ш, która ulega zastąpieniu korelacją красíти – крáсити – крáшу, крáсиш. Podobnie współczesna korelacja оголíти – оголи́ти – оголю́, огóлиш zastąpiła wystę­pującą dawniej korelację оголíти – оголи́ти – оголю́, оголи́ш itd.
Characteristics of Cloud Systems over the Tibetan Plateau and East China during Boreal Summer
Authors: Chen Jinghua , Wu Xiaoqing , Yin Yan , Huang Qian , Xiao Hui
Published: January 2017

Constrained by ERA-Interim, a cloud-resolving model is employed to characterize cloud systems over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and east China. The authors focus on analyzing the role of different physical processes on cloud macro- and microscale properties of the cloud systems, especially convective cloud systems between east China and the TP. It is found that convective clouds over the TP are thinner than over east China. This difference is also reflected in the albedo at the top of the atmosphere, where smaller albedos are found for the clouds over the TP. Furthermore, the lifetimes of the deep cloud systems over the TP are shorter than over east China. For the entire simulated period, the latent heat released by phase transitions contributes the most to the total heating and moisture budget, followed by eddy transport over all regions. In addition, radiative heating also plays a nonnegligible role in the total heating effects over the TP. These results also suggest that the influence of ice phase processes is more important over the TP than east China, especially during deep convective periods. Affected by strong surface heat flux, the cloud-top height of convective clouds over the TP exhibits a diurnal cycle, leading to a diurnal cycle of rainfall.
Decadal Variability in the South Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent and Regional Mesoscale Eddy Activity
Authors: Travis Seth , Qiu Bo
Published: January 2017

Decadal variability of eddy activity in the western, subtropical South Pacific is examined using the past two decades of satellite altimetry data. Between 21° and 29°S, there is a band of heightened eddy activity. In this region, the eastward South Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) overlays the westward South Equatorial Current (SEC). This vertically sheared STCC–SEC system is subject to baroclinic instabilities. By using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Ocean Reanalysis System, version 4 (ORAS4), data and verifying with the gridded Argo float data, low-frequency variations in the state of the ocean in this region are investigated. It is found that the low-frequency changes in the shearing and stratification of the STCC–SEC region simultaneously work to modulate the strength of baroclinic instabilities, as measured through the baroclinic growth rate. These changes in the strength of the instabilities consequently affect the observed eddy activity. Using a linearization of the baroclinic growth rate, the contribution to the variability from the changes in shearing is found to be roughly twice as large as those from changes in stratification. Additionally, changes in the temperature and salinity fields are both found to have significant impacts on the low-frequency variability of shearing and stratification, for which salinity changes are responsible for 50%–75% of the variability as caused by temperature changes. However, the changes in all these parameters do not occur concurrently and can alternately work to negate or augment each other.
Eros and Polis: What is This Thing Called Love?
Authors: Stoller Robert J.
Published: January 2017

Moral issues relating to erotic desire are examined from the viewpoints of four philosophies: moral philosophy, Marxism, feminism, and psychoanalysis.
Hierarchies, Boundaries, and Representation in a Freudian Model of Mental Organization
Authors: Grossman William I.
Published: January 2017

Freud used a spatial model of mental organization, derived from his explanation of aphasia, as an organizing framework for psychoanalytic theory. He introduced the ideas of representation and over-determination to describe relations of the contents of systems that were joined to form, first, a hierarchical nervous system, then, mental systems. Freud used his basic model to organize aspects of mental function and phenomena, of interpersonal and social phenomena, and some kinds of biological phenomena. His accounts of metapsychology and clinical psychoanalysis are similar to his description of the basic aphasia/nervous system model. Across the boundaries of mental systems, translation of the contents of one system led to their being represented in another. Repeated editing and translation account for many properties of the systems. The mind pictured is a hierarchical structure of agencies, functions, and fantasy organizations. Complexity results from the combination of relatively simple relations and repetition of the same operations. The mind described by Freud's psychoanalysis is the self-reflecting mind and the mental activity of an analyst and of a patient in analysis.
Psychoanalytic Process and Interactive Phenomena
Authors: White Robert S.
Published: January 2017

Psychoanalytic process is defined as the interaction between the psychoanalyst and the patient, primarily through the interplay of transference and resistance. Transference and resistance are understood as a unitary phenomenon that can be expressed either as an intrapsychic potential or as an interpersonal relationship.

One of the aims of psychoanalytic technique is to encourage, through interpretation, the expression of transference and resistance potential as an interpersonal relationship with the analyst This promotes a fluidity of interchange between the intrapsychic and the interpersonal, leading to heightened interactions between analyst and patient. These interactions become a powerful tool to fully experience unconscious intrapsychic conflict and can be translated back into insight concerning intrapsychic conflict.
“Someday…” and “If Only…” Fantasies: Pathological Optimism and Inordinate Nostalgia as Related Forms of Idealization
Authors: Akhtar Salman
Published: January 2017

Fantasies whose core is constituted by the notions of “someday” and “if only” are ubiquitous in human psyche. In severe character pathology, however, these fantasies have a particularly tenacious, defensive, and ego-depleting quality. The “someday” fantasy idealizes the future and fosters optimism, and the “if only” fantasy idealizes the past and lays the groundwork for nostalgia. The two fantasies originate in the narcissistic disequilibrium consequent upon the early mother-child separation experiences, though the oedipal conflict also contributes to them. Both can be employed as defenses against defective self and object constancy as well as later narcissistic and oedipal traumas. This paper attempts to highlight the metapsychology and behavioral consequences of these fantasies as well as their unfolding in the treatment situation. It suggests six tasks to be especially important for analytic work with such patients: (1) providing and sustaining a meaningful “holding environment”; (2) employing “affirmative interventions”; (3) helping the patient unmask these fantasies and interpreting their defensive, narcissistic and sadomasochistic aspects; (4) rupturing the patient's excessive hope, analyzing the effects of such rupture, and facilitating the resultant mourning; (5) reconstructing the early scenarios underlying the need for excessive hope; and (6) paying careful attention to countertransference feelings throughout such work.
Compulsion and Addiction
Authors: Dodes Lance M.
Published: January 2017

In this paper, the proposal is advanced that addictions may be understood analytically to be a subset of compulsions, and correspondingly that they may frequently be suitable for psychoanalytic treatment A revision of the definition of addictions and compulsions is suggested, and some treatment implications of this revision are considered.
Do Anatomic Variations of the Middle Turbinate Have an Effect on Nasal Septal Deviation or Paranasal Sinusitis?
Authors: Cho Jae Hoon , Park Mun-Su , Chung Yong Soo , Hong Seok-Chan , Kwon Kui Hyang , Kim Jin Kook
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

We evaluated the relationship between 1) anatomic variations of the middle turbinate and bony septal deviations and 2) chronic sinusitis.

Methods:

We compared 73 computed tomographic scans of healthy control patients with 461 scans performed for evaluation of nasal symptoms. Paranasal sinusitis was identified. We recorded the incidences of anatomic variation of the middle turbinate and of bony septal deviation.

Results:

The incidences of anatomic variation of the middle turbinate and of bony septal deviation were not significantly different between the control group and the symptomatic group. Anatomic variation of the middle turbinate was related to contralateral septal deviation. There was no statistical relationship between bony septal deviation or middle turbinate variation and sinusitis.

Conclusions:

Anatomic variations of the middle turbinate have an effect on bony septal deviations to the contralateral side. However, middle turbinate variations and bony septal deviation are not associated with chronic sinusitis.
Nasal Centripetal Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Felippu Alexandre
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

My aim in this article is to report 26 years of experience in order to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of centripetal dissection in intranasal ethmoid sinus surgery.

Methods:

I performed a retrospective review of 2,500 patients treated in the Felippu Institute, São Paulo, over the 26-year period from 1984 to July 2010. All of the patients underwent intranasal ethmoid sinus surgery with the centripetal technique. Before surgery, an otolaryngological examination, nasal endoscopy, and computed tomographic scans with axial, coronal, and sagittal projections were performed. All surgeries were carried out under general anesthesia and with the help of a surgical microscope or (after 1997) a rigid 30° endoscope. The surgical technique required a standard endoscopic sinus surgery set. The complications of intranasal ethmoid sinus surgery were recorded and classified as intraoperative, short-term, or long-term.

Results:

I observed an intraoperative complication (cerebrospinal fluid leak) in 4 patients. There were no cases of periorbital damage. I recorded no short-term or long-term complications. All of the intraoperative complications were resolved during surgery.

Conclusions:

With the use of this technique, the surgeon can precisely identify the position of the surgical instrument without losing his or her orientation, and thereby significantly reduce the risk of complications.
Role of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Cashman Emma C. , MacMahon Peter J. , Shelly Martin J. , Kavanagh Eoin C.
Published: January 2017

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. In the United States, it accounts for approximately 2% of all cancers and 2% of cancer deaths. The introduction of integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) has revolutionized imaging by permitting improved and more accurate anatomic localization of functional abnormalities in the complex territory of the head and neck region, and PET/CT has become a standard clinical imaging modality in patients with HNC. The main indications for PET/CT in HNC are in pretherapy staging, detection of unknown primaries, and monitoring of therapy response or disease surveillance. Although PET/CT is a promising tool in diagnosis and surveillance of HNC, there is lack of consensus as to its use, accuracy, and implications for patient management. The existing literature on the role of PET/CT in the management of HNC is reviewed, and a summary of the current debate is provided. Second primary cancers are the main cause of death among HNC patients with early disease, and the presence of distant metastases greatly impairs the survival of patients with advanced HNC. Therefore, early detection of second primary and metastatic tumors is imperative for optimizing survival outcome. However, given the lack of randomized, prospective trials addressing the role of PET/CT after chemoradiotherapy, the ideal function of PET/CT in disease surveillance has yet to be defined.
Prevalence of Otitis Media With Effusion Among Children in Xi'an, China: A Randomized Survey in China's Mainland
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wei Junrong , Xu Min , Zhang Quanan , Zhang Xiaotong , Zhang Zhibao , Dang Shaonong , Huang Xinsheng , Anniko Matti , Hellströ Sten , Duan Maoli
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

We sought to identify the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) in urban Chinese children in Xi'an, China.

Methods:

Five kindergartens and 3 primary schools were randomly selected in the urban area of Xi'an. Screening otoscopic and tympanometric examinations were performed on 2,902 children (1,491 boys and 1,411 girls) 2 to 8 years of age. Children with an abnormal tympanogram and simultaneous otomicroscopic signs of effusion were given a diagnosis of OME.

Results:

The overall prevalence of OME was 4.3%. By age group, the prevalence was 14.0% in 2-year-olds, 8.3% in 3-year-olds, 5.0% in 4-year-olds, 4.9% in 5-year-olds, 2.8% in 6-year-olds, 1.7% in 7-year-olds, and 3.2% in 8-year-olds. The prevalence rate for OME was 4.7% for boys versus 3.9% for girls, and 3.0% in the right ear versus 2.7% in the left, showing no statistically significant difference between genders or between ear sides (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of OME in urban areas of Xi'an is not high in comparison with that of the same age group in surrounding areas.
Oropharyngeal Syphilis among Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Ablanedo-Terrazas Yuria , la Barrera Claudia Alvarado-De , Ruiz-Cruz Matilde , Reyes-Terán Gustavo
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

There has been a reemergence of syphilis among men who have sex with men over the past decade, especially in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study was aimed at describing the oropharyngeal manifestations of secondary syphilis in HIV-infected patients. We also sought to determine the clinical risk factors for the development of oropharyngeal syphilitic lesions in patients with secondary syphilis.

Methods:

We performed an observational, comparative, retrospective study of HIV-infected patients who were admitted to a tertiary referral center in Mexico City and who had syphilis according to the criteria of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Results:

We identified 44 patients with syphilis, 31 of whom had secondary syphilis and 9 of whom had oropharyngeal manifestations. Lesions involving the anterior tonsillar pillar were the most common, observed in 5 patients; and tongue lesions were observed in 3 patients. In the patients with secondary syphilis, multivariate analysis showed that the development of oropharyngeal lesions was not associated with age, CD4 and CD8 cell counts, or HIV RNA viral load.

Conclusions:

The present work shows that oropharyngeal manifestations of secondary syphilis and overlapping stages of syphilis are frequent in HIV-infected patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study of the oropharyngeal manifestations of syphilis in HIV-infected patients.
Malignant Transformation of Respiratory Papillomatosis in a Solid-Organ Transplant Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Azadarmaki Roya , Lango Miriam N.
Published: January 2017

We report the case of a 77-year-old non-smoker and non-drinker with a solid-organ transplant who had malignant transformation of respiratory papillomatosis 3 years after the initial diagnosis of this benign lesion. This is the first case reported in the literature of malignant transformation of respiratory papillomatosis in a solid-organ transplant patient. Virus-associated cutaneous cancers occur more frequently and aggressively in solid-organ transplant patients. There may be a higher rate of malignant transformation of respiratory papillomatosis in immunosuppressed patients, as this is a virus-associated disease. Closer observation, airway evaluation with laryngoscopy and tracheobronchoscopy, and interval biopsies of immunosuppressed patients with respiratory papillomatosis is recommended.
Blast Injuries of the Ear in Military Operations
Authors: Phillips Yancy Y. , Zajtchuk Joan T.
Published: January 2017

Exposure to blast waves from the explosion of ordnance is a common feature of combat operations. The ear is the organ most sensitive to such strong pressure waves. Blast damage to the ear may range from minor acoustic trauma to major disruption of middle and inner ear structures. Standard hearing protectors should offer a significant degree of shielding from these injuries. Aural injury alone seldom should cause a soldier to abandon a combat mission. However, the potential for a large temporary or permanent neurosensory hearing loss does raise issues about such a soldier's effectiveness on the modern, communication-intensive battlefield. Further research is necessary on mechanisms of injury, protective measures, and the effect of hearing loss on military performance.
Middle Ear Injury in Animals Exposed to Complex Blast Waves inside an Armored Vehicle
Authors: Phillips Yancy Y. , Hoyt Robert , Mundie Thomas G. , Dodd Kenneth T.
Published: January 2017

With greater reliance on armored vehicles of improved survivability, questions have arisen about the likelihood of the wounding of vehicle occupants from blast waves alone. In this study, we placed anesthetized animals (sheep or pigs) inside lightly armored vehicles and exposed them to the blast waves generated by one of three sizes of shaped-charge munitions. Sixty-seven animals were exposed and 15 served as controls. No difference was noted between exposed and control groups for blast injury to the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. In contrast, middle ear damage was observed exclusively in animals exposed to blast and was correlated strongly with the peak pressure. The ear is the organ most sensitive to blast damage, and if protectors are not used, military physicians can expect to see a high incidence of middle ear injury in modern combat. The operational consequences of such an injury are not known.
"My theory of the brontosaurus": Postmodernism and "theory" of religion
Authors: McCutcheon Russell T.
Published: January 2017

Given the way in which some scholars of religion now attempt to re-authorize theology by means of postmodern relativity, this article tackles issues of definition and discursive boundary maintenance by examining such scholars' suspect usage of the terms "postmodern" and "theory." Specifically, this critique focusses on a recent article proposing that Karl Barth's "theory" of religion ought to be included in the religious studies canon. The reasoning behind this proposal is an example of the suspect nature of some postmodern appropriations made by scholars of religion, appropriations that entail larger theoretical, discursive and institutional implications that should be brought to the attention of members of the field of religious studies.
Critique cultuelle et doute existentiel : étude de Qo 4,17-5,6
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2017

Qo 4,17-5,6 est un texte sans glose, bien délimité et structuré autour de cinq thèmes dont la théologie correspond à l'ensemble du livre. Ces thèmes sont les suivants: le sacrifice (4,17), la prière (5,1), le rêve (5,2.6a), le voeu (5,3-4) et la faute cultuelle (5,5). Quant à 5,6b, il résume l'idée principale de la péricope. L'ensemble du texte laisse entendre que Qohélet n'attend pas grand-chose de la part de la Divinité. En effet, mis à part le voeu, les seules actions cultuelles qui affectent la Divinité sont celles des insensés (4,17; 5,2-3) et la seule réaction divine que mentionne explicitement Qohélet est une réaction négative et agressive: l'anéantissement de ce qui pourrait être la source du bonheur (5,5). On comprend alors qu'une telle Divinité suscite la peur, voire la terreur chez l'être humain (5,6). En bref, ce texte est d'une étonnante actualité, car il se présente comme une critique des bigots insensés qui croient qu'on peut amadouer ou manipuler la Divinité en accomplissant des rituels religieux.
Sur la pertinence sociale de la théologie et des sciences religieuses
Authors: Lemieux Raymond
Published: January 2017

La pertinence sociale des études en théologie ou en sciences religieuses relève, en bien des points, de la place et de l'évolution de la religion dans le monde contemporain. En tenant compte de ce contexte, ce texte distingue entre les éléments de pertinence communs aux deux séries de disciplines intellectuelles, d'une part, et ceux qui sont spécifiques à chacune d'elles, d'autre part.
Religion et gestion d'entreprise. Evolution d'une association de gens d'affaires chrétiens (ACTE-Canada, 1975-1990)
Authors: Dion Michel
Published: January 2017

Les associations de gens d'affaires chrétiens se sont répandus, à la fin des années soixante-dix, en particulier en Europe et en Amérique du Nord. Au Québec, un chapitre particulièrement dynamique de l'Association des chrétiens témoins dans leurs entreprises (ACTE) a réuni jusqu'à 4000 gens d'affaires pour des déjeuners de prière mensuels, de 1975 à 1990. Dans cet article, il sera question de l'évolution historique du mouvement, de ses relations avec d'autres associations similaires (comme le «Plein Évangile»), de l'esprit communautaire dans le mouvement. Nous verrons comment ce mouvement est caractérisé par une spiritualité contre-culturelle, une éthique de conviction et une ecclésiologie post-conciliaire.
The "ins and outs" of religions love: Bernard Lonergan's pragmatics
Authors: Kanaris Jim
Published: January 2017

Recent interest in the growing field of pragmatics has inspired philosophers and theologians to rethink the problematic issue of method in connection with their own proper subject matter. Inasmuch as pragmatics deals with the relationship between language and its users, this level of reflection, particularly in its philosophical guise, evokes something more than the mere implementation or destruction of method. Indeed, I argue that one of its primary concerns is the function of method, raising questions like "How does method relate to its users?" or "To what end is method employed?" In this article I attempt to show what the benefits of such pragmatic questioning are in a climate that is not favorably disposed, by and large, toward the methodological. Moreover, I do so in connection with the thought of Canadian philosopher-theologian Bernard Lonergan (1904-84), whose emphasis on method and methodical rationality seems to disqualify him as a thinker concerned with the pragmatics of meaning.
An Evaluation of Ground-Based Flight Trainers in Routine Primary Flight Training
Authors: Povenmire H. Kingsley , Roscoe Stanley N.
Published: January 2017

The relative benefits of different types of flight training equipment were evaluated in a routine instructional situation with no particular constraints placed upon the instructor as to how he used the equipment and without interfering with the normal course of flight training. The specific objectives of this research program were: (1) to evaluate the flight instructors' ability to predict success in private pilot training on the basis of students' initial performances in each of two ground trainers as opposed to actual aircraft, (2) to determine the relative value of 11 hours of flight instruction in two different ground trainers, and (3) to develop an objective scale for checking flight proficiency. There was a significant positive correlation of 0.50 between predictions based on two hours of training in the ground-based trainers and actual hours required to pass the flight check, but a nonsignificant negative correlation of 0.22 for predictions based on two hours in the aircraft. The ground trainer groups passed their flight checks with an average of slightly more than an how greater total time than those trained exclusively in the aircraft. On the basis of equivalent levels of group performance, 11 hours of training in the AN-T-18 resulted in a saving of 9 hours of flight time, thereby yielding a transfer effectiveness ratio of 0.8. Eleven hours of training in the GAT-1 resulted in a saving of 11 hours of flight time, yielding a transfer effectiveness ratio value of 1.0. The transfer effectiveness ratio is a new measure that directly relates the saving in learning one task to the amount of training on another.