bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatal Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Seven-Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Scordi-Bello Irini , Kirsch Daniel , Hammers Jennifer
Published: April 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a well-recognized risk factor for arterial thrombosis, however its relationship to venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adults is still debated. We report here seven cases of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism in adults with diabetic ketoacidosis as the underlying cause. In four of seven cases, there was no prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and patients were newly diagnosed either upon presenting to the hospital in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or at the time of autopsy by the vitreous glucose concentration. None of the patients had family history, recent surgery, recent trauma, long distance travel, or other strong risk factors for VTE. Only two patients had a body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2 and the same two cases had hospital stays that ranged from three to five days. We believe that DKA is a frequently unrecognized and sometimes overlooked risk factor for VTE, particularly in the forensic setting where routine toxicology and vitreous glucose analysis may not be standard practices. We encourage forensic pathologists, medical examiners, and coroners to consider the possibility of diabetic ketoacidosis as a risk factor, and in some cases, the underlying etiology for pulmonary thromboembolism. Additionally, we recommend vitreous glucose testing be performed if there are any signs of DKA or diabetes present, such as acetone in the blood.
The Pituitary Gland: An Infrequent but Multifaceted Contributor to Death
Authors: Wang Amber R. , Gill James R.
Published: April 2017

The pituitary gland has an important role in homeostasis and disorders of it can result in endocrine dysfunction and/or produce mass effect on surrounding structures, including the hypothalamus, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. A definitive clinical diagnosis may be delayed or remain elusive and lead to life-threatening conditions. Specifically, pituitary adenomas, pituitary necrosis, hypophysitis, and abscesses have all been reported in the literature to cause sudden and unexpected death and may only be first encountered at autopsy. Recognition by the forensic pathologist of these rare entities is crucial for appropriate death certification. This review emphasizes the need for a comprehensive, detailed forensic examination, including autopsy and routine histologic sampling of the pituitary gland, in order to ascertain its potential role in sudden unexpected death with no other apparent cause.
An Overview of the Thyroid Gland and Thyroid-Related Deaths for the Forensic Pathologist
Authors: Beynon Marianne E. , Pinneri Kathryn
Published: April 2017

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ situated in the anterior neck whose functions have system-wide effects. Thyroid diseases represent some of the most commonly encountered endocrine disorders and therefore are commonly encountered at the time of autopsy. Knowing how the gland functions and the effects it may have on vital organs is important when determining the cause of death and significant contributory conditions. Endocrine-related deaths may be anatomically subtle, therefore histologic examination, review of medical records, and selected postmortem testing must be performed to correctly identify and document their presence. For this reason, it is recommended that pathologists consider regularly examining the thyroid gland histologically, particularly on decedents where no apparent anatomic cause of death is identified after the autopsy. This article provides an in-depth review of the thyroid gland, thyroid hormones, and thyroid diseases, including potential thyroid-related deaths and incidental autopsy findings.
Pancreatitis: A Forensic Perspective
Authors: Gill James R.
Published: April 2017

Among the numerous etiologies of acute and chronic pancreatitis, several underlying causes (e.g., chronic alcohol abuse, trauma, medical therapy) may result in a death that is reportable to the medical examiner/coroner. As such, forensic pathologists are likely to encounter pancreatitis at autopsy and therefore must be familiar with its etiologies, mechanisms of death, autopsy findings, and medicolegal investigation. This review will focus on the aspects of pancreatitis that may be useful to forensic pathologists in their daily practice. This includes determining if acute or chronic pancreatitis caused or contributed to death as well as determining the etiologically specific proximate cause of death. Current theories of how these various processes result in inflammation of the pancreas are reviewed.
The Utility of Forensic Anthropology in the Medical Examiner's Office
Authors: Crowder Christian M. , Wiersema Jason M. , Adams Bradley J. , Austin Dana E. , Love Jennifer C.
Published: April 2017

Over the past few decades, the field of forensic anthropology has seen major advancements and experienced a considerable growth of professionals in medical examiner/coroner offices. Despite this expansion, misconceptions regarding the role and utility of the anthropologist in the medicolegal setting still exist. This article brings together practitioners employed full-time in four medical examiner's offices, with each practitioner providing a unique perspective and emphasis regarding their role as an anthropologist. Discussed is the history of the anthropology division in each office as well as the types of casework and ancillary duties completed by the anthropologists. Consistently, the anthropologists are involved in the search and recovery of human remains, managing long-term unidentified cases, facilitating disposition of unclaimed decedents, and developing mass disaster protocols for their respective agency. Also consistent across the four offices is the fact that the anthropologists receive far more consult requests for trauma evaluation of nonskeletonized cases than any other type of case.
Evolution of Forensic Anthropological Methods of Identification
Authors: Wiersema Jason M.
Published: April 2017

Forensic identification of human remains has long been a core contribution of forensic anthropologists to death investigations. The array and scientific robusticity of the identification methods employed by the anthropologist has evolved in the last several decades, and as with other nonidentification methods, anthropologists have embraced the progression toward the use of validated and statistically defensible methods for identification. This article presents an overview of the role that the forensic anthropologist plays in the identification of human remains and the evolution of anthropological methods of identification.
The Role of the Anthropologist in Identification at Two Urban Medical Examiner Offices: New York City and Harris County
Authors: Derrick Sharon M. , Figura Benjamin
Published: April 2017

Two urban jurisdiction medical examiner offices, the New York City Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (NYC OCME) and the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences (HCIFS), receive large numbers of unidentified decedents each year. In 2015, the NYC OCME received over 400 decedents whose identities were initially reported as unknown. The HCIFS received 226 unknown decedent cases in 2015. These offices have faced similar challenges in the past when pursuing identification of long-term and otherwise complex identification cases. Within the past decade, the NYC OCME and HCIFS have successfully integrated forensic anthropologists into their offices to supervise routine identifications, direct resolution efforts in complex identification cases, manage disaster victim identification efforts, and organize community outreach events focused on identification. Accordingly, the NYC OCME and HCIFS anthropologists have successfully streamlined identification procedures to make them more efficient for all cases, and increased identifications of completely unknown individuals, effectively discharging the statutory responsibility held by the Chief Medical Examiner for decedent identification.
Forensic Archaeology and Forensic Taphonomy: Basic Considerations on how to Properly Process and Interpret the Outdoor Forensic Scene
Authors: Dirkmaat Dennis C. , Cabo Luis L.
Published: April 2017

Medicolegal death investigation requires a multidisciplinary approach to the collection of data from the crime scene to the autopsy table. Law enforcement processing of the indoor crime scene works extremely well for documenting evidence and producing reconstructions of past events. However, outdoor crime scenes require a new set of scene processing protocols — a need primarily derived from the wider array of natural agents, such as plants, animals, soil chemicals, or environmental conditions that will affect the evidence after burial or deposition outdoors. Forensic archaeology provides the principles, practices, and protocols for documenting and analyzing this type of evidence at a variety of outdoor and other complex crime scenes, including large-scale scene searches, surface-scattered remains, buried body features, fatal fires, and mass disaster scenes. Scene recovery protocols require 1) documentation of the context of the scene, including specific location, local flora and fauna, and geological, geographic, and environmental factors and conditions and 2) detailed notation of the spatial distribution of the evidence in order to establish association of evidence to other evidence and to a particular incident. The discipline of forensic taphonomy provides the techniques and conceptual framework to combine these scene-derived data with laboratory analysis of the biological tissues in order to build and test scientific hypotheses regarding the events surrounding death and deposition. The primary assessments resulting from a forensic taphonomic interpretation include scientific estimates of postmortem interval; whether and how remains have been moved, removed, or altered; and ultimately, whether there is an indication of human intervention.
The Forensic Anthropologist in the Mass Fatality Context
Authors: Wiersema Jason M. , Woody Allison
Published: April 2017

Mass fatality incidents require a multi-agency, multidisciplinary response to effectively and efficiently manage the recovery and identification of human remains. The forensic anthropologist is uniquely suited for a significant role in the disaster response, demonstrated in the recovery and triage of human remains, interpretation of skeletal trauma, and identification of victims. However, the majority of published literature discusses these response operations in the context of large-scale incidents with significant numbers of highly fragmented and commingled human remains, which does not reflect the operational reality of mass fatality incidents in the United States. This article provides a realistic definition of the term “mass fatality incident” for medicolegal jurisdictions and provides the contributions of the forensic anthropologist for all types of incidents.
Skeletal Trauma: An Anthropological Review
Authors: Love Jennifer C. , Wiersema Jason M.
Published: April 2017

As anthropologists take on a larger role in medical examiner's offices, the incorporation of bone trauma analysis into the autopsy increases. The purpose of this invited review is to summarize recent anthropological literature that exemplifies the value of forensic anthropology in medicolegal death investigation, concentrating in the area of skeletal trauma analysis. Forensic anthropologists have a strong understanding of bone's response to trauma, gained through research and case studies. With this body of knowledge they are able to examine and interpret skeletal injury resulting from blunt, sharp, firearm, and thermal trauma. For example, toolmark class characteristics are recognized through sharp force injury examination, and fracture pattern analysis provides details of the impacting surface area. Interpretation of skeletal trauma allows for reconstruction of events surrounding death, and may inform the manner of death classification.
The Utility of Advanced Imaging in Forensic Anthropology
Authors: Garvin Heather M. , Stock Michala K.
Published: April 2017

Imaging technologies play an integral role in forensic anthropology cases. Advances in digital photography allow the anthropologist to photo-document the scene and skeletal remains in exceptional detail. Traditionally, radiographs have been used to document remains, potential trauma, and any individualizing characteristics such as healing trauma and frontal sinus morphology. Given technological advances, some forensic anthropologists have begun to incorporate more advanced imaging methods in their case analyses and research, such as computed tomography and three-dimensional (3D) surface scans. These advanced imaging technologies provide a means to document skeletal remains and trauma, and can be used to create 3D replicas of the elements for archival and illustrative purposes. Researchers have begun to develop novel methods for estimating biological parameters from these 3D virtual models, using new variables such as surface areas and volumes, and advanced statistical methods (e.g., geometric morphometric analyses) to quantitatively analyze skeletal variation for sex and ancestry estimation. The use of these technologies in forensic anthropology remains somewhat limited, however, due to required costs, expertise, and the time involved in collecting and processing the data. Newly developed methods require further validation, and some areas of advanced imaging, such as photogrammetry, remain relatively unexplored in the field. Interdisciplinary collaborations between forensic anthropologists and other medicolegal professionals can help alleviate some of these resource constraints and facilitate advancements in forensic case analysis and research.
ВПЕРВЫЕ СОВЕРШЕННЫЕ СЕМЕЙНЫЕ ПОБОИ ИСКЛЮЧЕНЫ ИЗ УГОЛОВНОГО КОДЕКСА
Authors: Мамедов Рамил Ягубович , Мамедов Октай Ягубович
Published: April 2017

в данной статье рассматриваются вопрос своевременности принятия закона о декриминализации побоев в отношении близких лиц, что позволило устранить правовую коллизию, когда за одно и то же правонарушение лицам устанавливаются различные наказания только в зависимости от того, являются ли они близкими людьми или нет.
Socioeconomic gradients in cardiovascular risk in Canadian children and adolescents
Authors: Shi Y. , de Groh M. , Bancej C.
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors show clear socioeconomic
gradients in Canadian adults. Whether socioeconomic gradients in cardiovascular
risk emerge in childhood remains unclear. The objective of this study was to
determine whether there are socioeconomic gradients in physiological markers of CVD
risk in Canadian children and adolescents.

Methods

Using combined cross-sectional data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey
2007–2011, we examined the following cardiovascular risk markers: overweight (including
obesity), aerobic fitness score (AFS), blood pressure (BP), blood lipids (total as well as HDL
and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides), glucose metabolism and C-reactive protein (CRP) by
sex in 2149 children (ages 6–11 years) and 2073 adolescents (ages 12–17 years). Multivariate
linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify patterns in cardiovascular risk
across strata of household income adequacy and parental educational attainment, adjusting
for age and ethnicity, and stratified by age group and sex.

Results

Young boys showed markedly higher prevalence of obesity than young girls
(prevalence of 18.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.6–21.5 vs. 7.7%, 95% CI: 5.2–10.3).
However, negative SES gradients in adiposity risk were seen in young and adolescent
girls rather than boys. Young and adolescent boys were more physically fit than girls
(mean AFS of 541, 95% CI: 534–546 vs. 501, 95% CI: 498–505 in children; 522, 95% CI:
514–529 vs. 460, 95% CI: 454–466 in adolescents; p < .001). Although a positive income
gradient in AFS was observed in both boys and girls, statistical significance was reached
only in girls (p = .006). A negative gradient of parental education in BP was observed in
young children. While we observed substantial sex differences in systolic BP, total and
HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose and CRP in adolescents, sex-specific socioeconomic
gradients were only observed for systolic BP, HDL and LDL cholesterol. Further studies
with large samples are needed to confirm these findings.

Conclusion

This study identified important sex difference and socioeconomic gradients
in adiposity, aerobic fitness and physiological markers of CVD risk in Canadian schoolaged
children. Population health interventions to reduce socioeconomic gradients in
CVD risk should start in childhood, with a particular focus on preventing obesity in
young boys of all SES and girls of low SES, promoting physical fitness especially in girls
and in all ages of youth in low-SES groups, and increasing parental awareness, especially
those with low educational attainment, of early CVD risks in their children.
Correlates of partner and family violence among older Canadians: a life-course approach
Authors: Miszkurka M. , Steensma C. , Phillips S. P.
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Knowledge about individual and interpersonal correlates of violence in
Canadian seniors is limited. This study identifies correlates of current and past violence
by intimate partner and family member(s) in community-dwelling Canadian seniors,
while accounting for childhood adverse circumstances.

Methods

We performed logistic regression analysis of baseline data from a longitudinal
study of community-dwelling individuals aged 65 to 74 years and living in Kingston
(Ontario) and Saint-Hyacinthe (Quebec). Domestic violence was assessed using the Hurt-
Insult-Threaten-Scream (HITS) screening tool. Odds ratios (ORs) are reported with 95%
confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Current violence of a psychological nature was reported by 18% of the sample.
Women were at greater risk of current and lifetime violence perpetrated by a family
member (current violence: adjusted OR ¼ 1.83; 95% CI: 1.02–3.30) as well as
experiencing violence from their intimate partner in their lifetime than were men
(adjusted OR ¼ 2.48; 95% CI: 1.40–4.37). Risk factors have accumulated over the life
course that were found to be consistently associated with both current and lifetime
violence included having witnessed violence at home in childhood (lifetime violence by
family member: adjusted OR ¼ 9.46; 95% CI: 5.11–17.52), as well as poor quality of
relationships with intimate partners, family and friends.

Conclusion

Our research documents the ongoing impact of early adversity on subsequent
partner and family violence in Canada. Findings identify some preventable factors
associated with current psychological violence and past violence among communitydwelling
Canadian seniors.
Estimating the completeness of physician billing claims for diabetes case ascertainment using population-based prescription drug data
Authors: Lix L. M. , Kuwornu J. P. , Kroeker K. , Kephart G. , Sikdar K. C. , Smith M. , Quan H.
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Changes in physician reimbursement policies may hinder the collection of
billing claims in administrative data; this can result in biased estimates of disease
prevalence and incidence. However, the magnitude of data loss is largely unknown. The
purpose of this study was to estimate completeness of capture of disease cases for Manitoba
physicians paid by fee-for-service (FFS) and non-fee-for-service (NFFS) methods.

Methods

Manitoba’s administrative data were used to identify a cohort (Z 20 years)
with a new diabetes medication between 1 April, 2007, and 31 March, 2009. Cohort
members were classified by payment method of the prescribing physician (i.e. FFS vs.
NFFS). The cohort was then classified as missing or not missing a diabetes diagnosis
using physician claims and hospital records. Then, w2 statistics were used to test for
differences in the characteristics of the two groups.

Results

The cohort consisted of 12 394 individuals; 86.4% had a prescription for a
diabetes medication from an FFS physician. A total of 1172 physicians (81.8% FFS)
prescribed these medications for the cohort. Cohort members with a prescription from an
FFS physician were older and more likely to reside in the urban Winnipeg health region
than those with a prescription from a NFFS physician. A greater percentage of NFFS
physicians’ cases were missing a diabetes diagnosis (18.7% vs. 14.9% for FFS physicians).

Conclusion

The results suggest minimal loss of physician claims associated with
remuneration policies in Manitoba. This method of assessing data completeness could be
applied to other chronic diseases and jurisdictions to estimate completeness.
FAKTOR PERSEPSI INDIVIDU DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PERIKANAN LINTAS BATAS
Authors: Far Far Romelus , Haluan John , Baskoro Mulyono S. , Nikijuluw Victor
Published: April 2017

Mengelola sumber daya perikanan di wilayah perbatasan akan tergantung pada perilaku dan persepsi masyarakat untuk memberi reaksi terhadap masalah mereka. Makalah ini akan menganalisis tentang faktor persepsi individu untuk pengembangan perikanan lintas batas seperti pemasangan sejarah, alat penangkapan ikan, produksi, dan lokasi pemasaran, sumber pengetahuan tentang wilayah pemilik dan model parsial persepsi nelayan di Lirang, Wetar dan Kepulauan Kisar. Model parsial persepsi individu TCIF (Transboundary Commuters for Illegal Fishing) adalah e-1,372 + 0,846 SPKW + 1,029 PAN-TL atau P (TCIF_ individual perception) = f (SPKW, PAN-TL).
MODEL MICRO-MACRO LINK PENGEMBANGAN KEBIJAKAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI KABUPATEN BELITUNG
Authors: Dahlan M. Nizar , Wiryawan Budy , Murdiyanto Bambang , Baskoro Mulyono S. , Fauzi A.
Published: April 2017

Perairan Laut Cina Selatan dengan potensi lestari 1,06 juta ton/tahun dan masih belum menjadikan sektor perikanan sebagai kontributor ekonomi utama di kawasan termasuk di Kabupaten Belitung. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan kebijakan pembangunan perikanan tangkap sehingga menjadi basis ekonomi Kabupaten Belitung. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis deskriptif dan analisis micro-macro link yang dikembangkan dengan metode structural equation modelling (SEM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terjadi pada usaha perikanan Belitung terhadap wilayah basis (P=0,008), kondisi fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan market output (P = 0,002) dan wilayah basis (P=0,005), kebijakan nasional terhadap moneter (P=0,002) dan trade (P=0,007), trade terhadap ekonomi regional (P=0,003), dan ekonomi regional terhadap sektor penunjang (P=0,000). Terkait dengan ini, maka kebijakan pembangunan perikanan dapat diarahkan pada pengembangan usaha perikanan tangkap yang berbasis potensi dan prospek kewilayahan, serta penyelamatan pemasaran produk perikanan daerah dan usaha perikanan unggulan terutama bila kondisi ekonomi dan keuangan global tidak stabil. Hal ini untuk antisipasi terhadap kondisi yang tidak mendukung bila suatu kebijakan nasional diberlakukan di kawasan yang tidak sesuai dengan kondisi kedaerahan. Dan perlu pengembangan jalur-jalur perdagangan produk perikanan yang permanen dan jangka panjang serta jaminan kondusifitas kegiatan pelayanan jasa yang mendukung pembangunan perikanan
ASPEK BIOTEKNIK DALAM PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN TERI DI PERAIRAN PALABUHANRATU KABUPATEN SUKABUMI
Authors: Diniah Diniah , Sobari Moch. Prihatna , Primadianti Indah
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan aspek teknik dan aspek bioteknik dalam pemanfaatan optimal sumberdaya ikan teri di Perairan Palabuhanratu agar sumberdaya ikan teri dapat dimanfaatkan secara berkelanjutan. Perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan model Clark, Yoshimoto dan Pooley (CYP), Walter-Hiborn (W-H) dan Algoritma Fox. Penelitian ini menggunakan data time series dari tahun 1997-2007. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konstruksi bagan rakit di Perairan Palabuhanratu terdiri atas rumah bagan, jaring bagan, anjang-anjang dan penggulung. Dalam operasionalnya alat tangkap ini dilengkapi dengan 6 buah lampu petromaks. Selama periode 1997-2007, jumlah unit dan effort bagan rakit cenderung meningkat, sedangkan produksi ikan teri cenderung menurun dan produktivitas bagan rakit cenderung meningkat. Produksi aktual rata-rata sumberdaya ikan teri sebesar 30,48 ton per tahun dengan tingkat upaya aktual mencapai 26.816 trip per tahun. Model estimasi pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan teri di Perairan Palabuhanratu yang lebih sesuai adalah model Algoritma Fox, dengan tingkat produksi optimal statik sebesar 38,51 ton per tahun dan tingkat upaya sebesar 32.049 trip per tahun. Hasil perhitungan pada periode 1997-2007 menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan teri di Perairan Teluk Palabuhanratu dapat dikategorikan belum terdegradasi dan belum mengalami biological overfishing.
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PENGGUNAAN RUMPUT LAUT SEBAGAI BIOFILTER ALAMI AIR TAMBAK UNTUK MENGURANGI TINGKAT SERANGAN PENYAKIT PADA UDANG VANNAMEI (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Rahmaningsih Sri
Published: April 2017

Pembudidaya tambak di Kabupaten Tuban terutama  pembudidaya udang vannamei menghadapi kondisi lingkungan yang cukup berat bagi pertumbuhan udang, hal ini disebabkan karena banyaknya industri di Kabupaten Tuban misalnya pabrik PT. Semen Gresik Tuban, pabrik TPPI yang berlokasi di tepi pantai utara laut Tuban dimana limbahnya dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air tambak baik secara langsung maupun tidak. Termasuk pembudidaya udang yang ada di desa Kenanti, Kecamatan Tambakboyo dan hampir semua petambak yang ada di sepanjang pantai utara Tuban diprediksikan ikut merasakan pengaruh adanya cemaran yang berasal dari laut (belum terdapat penelitian yang memastikan hal ini), belum lagi yang berasal dari tambak itu sendiri (limbah internal) sehingga wajar apabila saat ini tingkat keberhasilan dalam budidaya udang terutama udang vannamei sangat rendah. Tingkat keberhasilan dalam budidaya udang vannamei terutama pada budidaya udang secara intensif sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas air yang digunakan dalam budidaya dan juga pada teknologi yang telah digunakan.  Pemanfaatan rumput laut sebagai biofilter dalam budidaya udang vannamei merupakan teknologi sederhana yang mudah dilaksanakan. biofilter alami. Rumput laut sebagai tumbuhan air yang menyerap degradasi bahan organik untuk pertumbuhan, sehingga mengurangi resiko meningkatnya bahan organik air yang akan diperlukan untuk memelihara udang windu. Suhu dan kecerahan sangat mempengaruhi keberhasilan rumput Iaut sebagai biofilter karena kedua komponen ini akan laju fotosintesis rumput laut dan laju penyerapan bahan-bahan organik. Metode pendekatan yang dipakai pada pelaksanaan program ini adalah dengan melakukan sosialisasi penerapan teknologi penggunaan rumput laut sebagai biofilter alami ini pada kelompok petani yang ada di Kecamatan Tambakboyo melalui pelatihan, kemudian diadakan tambak percontohan sehingga petani tambak dalam mengadopsi teknologi ini dapat lebih mudah memahami.
INSTALASI PERMESINAN PADA KAPAL PSP 01
Authors: Wiyastra Anjaya Purwa , Baskoro Mulyono S. , Purwangka Fis
Published: April 2017

Kapal PSP 01 merupakan kapal latih sekaligus kapal penangkap ikan yang dimiliki oleh Departemen Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan (PSP), Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan (FPIK), IPB.  Kapal ini menggunakan tenaga penggerak inboard engine berjenis diesel empat langkah yang berasal dari truk Mitsubishi Canter dengan tipe 4D30-C.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan modifikasi instalasi permesinan di Kapal PSP 01 dan mendeskripsikan kesesuaian instalasi permesinannya mengacu pada pedoman FAO tahun 2009 tentang Safety Guide for Small Fishing Boats.  Pendekatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus dimana dilakukan pengamatan dan pengumpulan data yang meliputi modifikasi pada instalasi permesinan Kapal PSP 01 serta kesesuaiannya terhadap pedoman FAO tentang safety guide for small fishing boats.  Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa mesin kapal PSP 01 dimodifikasi pada bagian sistem penyalaan, sistem bahan bakar, sistem pelumasan, sistem transmisi, dan sistem pendingin mesin.  Berdasarkan pedoman FAO tahun 2009 tentang Safety Guide for Small Fishing boats, instalasi permesinan Kapal PSP 01 dalam hal sistem pompa lambung terpenuhi 58,33%, sistem bahan bakar terpenuhi 52,63%, sistem pembuangan gas pembakaran terpenuhi 33.33%, ventilasi kamar mesin terpenuhi 0%, rangkaian instalasi kelistrikan terpenuhi 85,71%, instalasi baterai terpenuhi 100%, pemeriksaan harian sebelum menyalakan mesin terpenuhi 75%, pemeriksaan harian setelah menyalakan mesin terpenuhi 100%, pemeriksaan tiap empat belas hari terpenuhi sebesar 20%, dan pemeriksaan tiap 100-150 jam setelah mesin beroperasi terpenuhi sebesar 0%.
Déterminants des aptitudes à l’éco-innovation des pisciculteurs
Authors: Mathé Syndhia , Rey-Valette Hélène , Chia Eduardo , Aubin Joël , Fontaine Pascal
Published: April 2017

Cet article1 étudie les déterminants des aptitudes à innover des pisciculteurs face aux nouveaux enjeux de l’intensification écologique. Celle-ci implique des transformations importantes des pratiques de la part des pisciculteurs et nécessite de nouvelles connaissances, notamment en agro-écologie. Le métier des pisciculteurs devrait évoluer vers un métier d’éco-aquaculteur. À partir d’enquêtes auprès de 133 pisciculteurs français et brésiliens, une typologie a été élaborée concernant leurs aptitudes à éco-innover, qui permet d’identifier trois profils.
Le management des bénévoles, entre outils et valeurs
Authors: Cousineau Marie , Damart Sébastien
Published: April 2017

Les structures associatives sont aujourd’hui de plus en plus contraintes de justifier la qualité de leur gestion en se professionnalisant et en adoptant des outils venus du monde marchand. Une littérature démontre les contradictions au cœur de ce phénomène. La recherche explore ces paradoxes. Elle met au jour les représentations que les bénévoles ont des valeurs de l’association dans laquelle ils s’engagent et des outils de management que celle-ci déploie. Ce faisant, les auteurs proposent une typologie originale des profils des bénévoles.
Accompagner la mort, organiser la fin de vie
Authors: Le Theule Marie-Astrid , Lambert Caroline , Morales Jérémy
Published: April 2017

Cet article1 porte sur l’organisation de la mort dans le contexte hospitalier. Au-delà des questions éthiques, les auteurs étudient les enjeux techniques, professionnels et sociologiques de la gestion hospitalière de la fin de vie. Une étude ethnographique leurs a permis d’observer le travail quotidien de gériatres et leurs efforts pour organiser une « bonne » mort. Ils montrent que ce travail, largement invisible, permet d’organiser le passage vers une mort « naturelle » et « confortable », non seulement « apaisée » mais surtout accompagnée.
Use of the Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS) as an Initial Screening Measure in a Longitudinal Cohort at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Berman Sara E. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Clark Lindsay R. , Mueller Kimberly D. , Bluder Lisa , Galvin James E. , Johnson Sterling C.
Published: April 2017

The Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) assess global cognitive and functional decline. We evaluated whether the shorter QDRS was a valid screen for problems identified by the CDR in individuals with minimal clinical abnormalities. Agreement between QDRS-Global and CDR-Global was assessed for 54 participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention. Resource-savings achieved by adopting an “administer CDR-only-if-QDRS-Global>0” approach were estimated based on 238 subsequent participants. Agreement statistics (concordance = 88.9%) supported use of the QDRS as an initial informant report and modifying center protocol to administer CDRs only when QDRS>0 reduced CDR assessments by 79.8%.
Impact of the Level of Urothelial Carcinoma Involvement of the Prostate on Survival after Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Moschini Marco , Soria Francesco , Susani Martin , Korn Stephan , Briganti Alberto , Roupret Morgan , Seitz Christian , Gust Killian , Haitel Andrea , Montorsi Francesco , Wirth Gregory , Robinson Brian D. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Özsoy Mehmet , Rink Michael , Shariat Shahrokh F.
Published: April 2017

Objective:

Urothelial prostatic involvement (UPI) at the time of radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) was found associated with worse survival outcomes by several previous reports. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of different levels of UPI on survival outcomes using a large series of male patients treated with RCP.

Methods:

Whole step section specimens from 995 male BCa patients were assessed for UPI defined as: no involvement vs. prostatic urethral carcinoma in situ (CIS) vs. lamina propria involvement vs. ductal CIS vs. prostate stromal involvement. Primary end point of the study was predictors of prostatic involvement at RCP and its impact on overall survival after surgery.

Results:

Prostatic involvement was recorded in 307 (30.9%) patients: 28% with prostatic urethral CIS, 12% with lamina propria involvement, 13% with ductal CIS and 47% with stromal involvement. Median follow-up was 70 months. Patients with stromal involvement had a worse 5-year survival (12%) than those with prostatic urethra CIS (40%), lamina propria involvement (36%), and ductal CIS (35%). Considering predictors of prostatic involvement, multifocal tumor (Odds Ratio [OR]: 6.60, p < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (OR: 2.61, p < 0.001), lymph node metastases (OR: 2.02, p < 0.001) and CIS (OR: 2.02, p < 0.001) were found associated. Similar predictors were found assessing stromal involvement.

Conclusions

Approximately one third of RCP patients harbor prostatic involvement of urothelial carcinoma. While all UPI are associated with worse overall survival, stromal involvement confers the worst outcome supporting its classification as T4 in the TNM staging.
The Role of ADAM10 in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yuan Xiang-Zhen , Sun Sen , Tan Chen-Chen , Yu Jin-Tai , Tan Lan
Published: April 2017

As a member of the A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family, ADAM10 has been identified as the constitutive α-secretase in the process of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) cleavage and plays a critical role in reducing the generation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Recent studies have demonstrated its beneficial role in alleviating the pathologic impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) both in vitro and in vivo. However, the role of ADAM10 in AD and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not well established. Increasing evidence indicates that ADAM10 not only reduces the generation of Aβ but may also affect the pathology of AD through potential mechanisms including reducing tau pathology, maintaining normal synaptic functions, and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and the homeostasis of neuronal networks. Mechanistically, ADAM10 regulates these functions by interacting with postsynaptic substrates in brain, especially synaptic cell receptors and adhesion molecules. Furthermore, ADAM10 protein in platelets seems to be a promising biomarker for AD diagnosis. This review will summarize the role of ADAM10 in AD and highlight its functions besides its role as the α-secretase in AβPP cleavage. Meanwhile, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of ADAM10 in treating AD.
Wide-speed-range sensorless control scheme for IPMSMs based on super-twisting observer and HF signal injection
Authors: Tian Lisi , Yu Qiang
Published: April 2017

In this paper, a novel wide-speed-range sensorless control scheme for interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) is proposed. At mid-high speed range, the super-twisting observer (STO) is designed to estimate the extended electromotive force (EMF). Adoption of sign function ensures the estimation accuracy without compromising the benefits of the standard sliding mode. The improved observation model combining the super-twisting algorithm (STA) alleviates the chattering problem. A new procedure of obtaining the position estimation error is proposed to eliminate the effects due to the change of the rotation direction. At low speed range, position error is obtained directly by extracting the high frequency current from the sample data. The high frequency signal is further improved by introducing a novel adaptive filter to weaken DC bias component. The transition function provides the position error signal for the speed estimator and ensures a smooth switch between the two methods in the transition zone. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme has been validated by the experimental results.
Amyloid Fibrils from Hemoglobin
Authors: Jayawardena Nadishka , Kaur Manmeet , Nair Smitha , Malmstrom Jenny , Goldstone David , Negron Leonardo , Gerrard Juliet , Domigan Laura
Published: April 2017

Amyloid fibrils are a class of insoluble protein nanofibers that are formed via the self-assembly of a wide range of peptides and proteins. They are increasingly exploited for a broad range of applications in bionanotechnology, such as biosensing and drug delivery, as nanowires, hydrogels, and thin films. Amyloid fibrils have been prepared from many proteins, but there has been no definitive characterization of amyloid fibrils from hemoglobin to date. Here, nanofiber formation was carried out under denaturing conditions using solutions of apo-hemoglobin extracted from bovine waste blood. A characteristic amyloid fibril morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), with mean fibril dimensions of approximately 5 nm diameter and up to several microns in length. The thioflavin T assay confirmed the presence of β-sheet structures in apo-hemoglobin fibrils, and X-ray fiber diffraction showed the characteristic amyloid cross-β quaternary structure. Apo-hemoglobin nanofibers demonstrated high stability over a range of temperatures (−20 to 80 °C) and pHs (2–10), and were stable in the presence of organic solvents and trypsin, confirming their potential as nanomaterials with versatile applications. This study conclusively demonstrates the formation of amyloid fibrils from hemoglobin for the first time, and also introduces a cost-effective method for amyloid fibril manufacture using meat industry by-products.
An Entropy-Based Approach for Evaluating Travel Time Predictability Based on Vehicle Trajectory Data
Authors: Xu Tao , Xu Xianrui , Hu Yujie , Li Xiang
Published: April 2017

With the great development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), travel time prediction has attracted the interest of many researchers, and a large number of prediction methods have been developed. However, as an unavoidable topic, the predictability of travel time series is the basic premise for travel time prediction, which has received less attention than the methodology. Based on the analysis of the complexity of the travel time series, this paper defines travel time predictability to express the probability of correct travel time prediction, and proposes an entropy-based method to measure the upper bound of travel time predictability. Multiscale entropy is employed to quantify the complexity of the travel time series, and the relationships between entropy and the upper bound of travel time predictability are presented. Empirical studies are made with vehicle trajectory data in an express road section to shape the features of travel time predictability. The effectiveness of time scales, tolerance, and series length to entropy and travel time predictability are analyzed, and some valuable suggestions about the accuracy of travel time predictability are discussed. Finally, comparisons between travel time predictability and actual prediction results from two prediction models, ARIMA and BPNN, are made. Experimental results demonstrate the validity and reliability of the proposed travel time predictability.
Household’s Perception of Water Quality and Willingness to Pay for Clean Water in Mexico City
Authors: Rodríguez-Tapia Lilia , Revollo-Fernández Daniel , Morales-Novelo Jorge
Published: April 2017

A 2011 survey of Mexico City’s households revealed that families prefer alternative sources of drinking water instead of relying in the city’s quality supply services. These include the purchase of bottled water, installation of filtration devices, and other means of water purification. The demand for better water quality was tested by estimating the household’s willingness to pay (WTP), using a contingency valuation (CV) experiment through an open-format questionnaire and by estimating a censored econometric (Tobit) model. The econometric study revealed that the WTP for better water quality is influenced by variables related with distrust of the water quality provided by the City and the organoleptic characteristics of the water supply, as well as spending on bottled water or water purification technologies. The average WTP surcharge for better potable water quality is US$3.1 or 4.7% of the bimonthly water bill, which is about 0.22% of the average family income in Mexico City. The percentage of WTP to income is bigger in poor families. This suggests that improving water quality is of greater importance for lower income families. Findings are consistent with previous studies that estimated the WTP for improvements in the services that supply water to households in the city. These include reduction of inefficiency and intermittency of the supply along with water quality, improve measuring water meters, reducing the obsolescence of the infrastructure and increasing adequate maintenance. Our research is the first to estimate the WTP for better water quality in Mexico City and constitutes a reference point for those that address the problem of water quality and its impact on the welfare and income of families.
High Robustness Control for Robotic Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Multiple Uncertain Parameters Using a Virtual Buck Converter
Authors: Li Yanling , Duan Qichang , Zou Yang
Published: April 2017

Aiming at achieving high robustness performance in Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems for moving robot power supply, this paper proposes a H∞ robust control method with multiple parameters that vary randomly, including the mutual inductance, load parameter, and operating frequency. These uncertain parameters make the system control extremely difficult. A composite Upper Linear Fractional Transformation (LFT) method is proposed to deal with the system uncertainty, particularly for the mutual inductance detachment, which is very unique and important for WPT systems. A suboptimal H∞ controller design method is proposed based on Generalized State Space Averaging (GSSA) model in order to simplify the system structure. In controller implementation, a virtual buck converter for phase shifted regulation is proposed to replace real input buck converter. The proposed H∞ control method is easy to implement because only the output voltage of the WPT system needs to be sampled, and based on which a simple DSP control algorithm is developed. Simulation and experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed control method can achieve less than 15 ms response speed with 70% mutual inductance variation and 50% load variation tolerance respectively.
Can Carbon Fluxes Explain Differences in Soil Organic Carbon Storage under Aspen and Conifer Forest Overstories?
Authors: Boča Antra , Van Miegroet Helga
Published: April 2017

Climate- and management-induced changes in tree species distributions are raising questions regarding tree species-specific effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and stability. Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is the most widespread tree species in North America, but fire exclusion often promotes the succession to conifer dominated forests. Aspen in the Western US have been found to store more SOC in the mineral soil than nearby conifers, but we do not yet fully understand the source of this differential SOC accumulation. We measured total SOC storage (0–50 cm), characterized stable and labile SOC pools, and quantified above- and belowground litter inputs and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes during snowmelt in plots located in N and S Utah, to elucidate the role of foliage vs. root detritus in SOC storage and stabilization in both ecosystems. While leaf litterfall was twice as high under aspen as under conifers, input of litter-derived DOC with snowmelt water was consistently higher under conifers. Fine root (<2 mm) biomass, estimated root detritus input, and root-derived DOC fluxes were also higher under conifers. A strong positive relationship between root and light fraction C content suggests that root detritus mostly fueled the labile fraction of SOC. Overall, neither differences in above- and belowground detritus C inputs nor in detritus-derived DOC fluxes could explain the higher and more stable SOC pools under aspen. We hypothesize that root–microbe–soil interactions in the rhizosphere are more likely to drive these SOC pool differences.
Remote Sensing, Crowd Sensing, and Geospatial Technologies for Public Health: An Editorial
Authors: Arsanjani Jamal
Published: April 2017

Remote sensing, as well as the recent advancements of crowd sensing, along with novel and recent geospatial technologies, have great potential to explore and understand the relationships between our surroundings—in particular our urban and rural environments and natural spaces—and public health through environmental factors [1,2].[...]
Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Ghrelin Pathway
Authors: Colldén Gustav , Tschöp Matthias , Müller Timo
Published: April 2017

Ghrelin was discovered in 1999 as the endogenous ligand of the growth-hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a). Since then, ghrelin has been found to exert a plethora of physiological effects that go far beyond its initial characterization as a growth hormone (GH) secretagogue. Among the numerous well-established effects of ghrelin are the stimulation of appetite and lipid accumulation, the modulation of immunity and inflammation, the stimulation of gastric motility, the improvement of cardiac performance, the modulation of stress, anxiety, taste sensation and reward-seeking behavior, as well as the regulation of glucose metabolism and thermogenesis. Due to a variety of beneficial effects on systems’ metabolism, pharmacological targeting of the endogenous ghrelin system is widely considered a valuable approach to treat metabolic complications, such as chronic inflammation, gastroparesis or cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia. The aim of this review is to discuss and highlight the broad pharmacological potential of ghrelin pathway modulation for the treatment of anorexia, cachexia, sarcopenia, cardiopathy, neurodegenerative disorders, renal and pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, inflammatory disorders and metabolic syndrome.
Large-Scale Membrane- and Lignin-Modified Adsorbent-Assisted Extraction and Preconcentration of Triazine Analogs and Aflatoxins
Authors: Hu Shun-Wei , Chen Shushi
Published: April 2017

The large-scale simultaneous extraction and concentration of aqueous solutions of triazine analogs, and aflatoxins, through a hydrocarbon-based membrane (e.g., polyethylene, polyethylene/polypropylene copolymer) under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure is reported. The subsequent adsorption of analyte in the extraction chamber over the lignin-modified silica gel facilitates the process by reducing the operating time. The maximum adsorption capacity values for triazine analogs and aflatoxins are mainly adsorption mechanism-dependent and were calculated to be 0.432 and 0.297 mg/10 mg, respectively. The permeation, and therefore the percentage of analyte extracted, ranges from 1% to almost 100%, and varies among the solvents examined. It is considered to be vapor pressure- and chemical polarity-dependent, and is thus highly affected by the nature and thickness of the membrane, the discrepancy in the solubility values of the analyte between the two liquid phases, and the amount of adsorbent used in the process. A dependence on the size of the analyte was observed in the adsorption capacity measurement, but not in the extraction process. The theoretical interaction simulation and FTIR data show that the planar aflatoxin molecule releases much more energy when facing toward the membrane molecule when approaching it, and the mechanism leading to the adsorption.