bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induced seismicity associated with shale gas development
Authors: Kao H
Published: March 2017

The development of unconventional oil and gas in North America has caused a significant increase of seismicity in areas of intense injection operations, including both hydraulic fracturing and wastewater disposal. These induced earthquakes have attracted
considerable media attention due to their potential seismic hazards. In 2012, NRCan initiated the Induced Seismicity Research (ISR) Activity as part of the Shale Gas Research Project, under the Environmental Geoscience Program, to investigate the possible relationship between hydraulic fracturing
(HF) of shale gas and the changing pattern of local seismicity. In 2015, the activity was expanded to a Project to include studies of all injection-related seismic events. NRCan's ISR Project has three major tasks. The first is to improve real-time earthquake-monitoring capability in major shale gas
basins where the station coverage of regional seismograph network is sparse. The second is to establish the baseline of regional seismic pattern (i.e., the pre-development reference line) for places where the development potential of unconventional oil and gas is deemed high in the foreseeable
future. The third is to conduct targeted studies on significant induced events to understand the relationship between their seismogenesis and man-made operations. In collaborations with many partners, new real-time broadband seismograph stations have been installed in BC, AB, NB, QC, NT, and YT.
Studies of local seismicity before, during, and after HF operations have been completed for the Horn River Basin (northeast BC), the Moncton and Sussex areas (southern NB), and the Norman Wells area of the central Mackenzie Valley (NT). An increase of local seismicity in BC and AB is spatially and
temporarily correlated with the peak period of injection operations associated with shale gas development. Injection volume appears to play a more important role than injection pressure in causing induced events. No abnormal seismicity can be observed when the injection volume is small. The initial
effect of increasing injected volume is an increase in earthquake frequency but not magnitude. Relatively large induced events occurred only when the monthly injected volume becomes very large. However, large injection volume seems to be a necessary condition for the occurrence of relatively large
induced event, but not a sufficient one. Research results of the largest hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquake to date (the August 17, 2015, Mw 4.6, northern Montney earthquake) indicate that the peak ground acceleration can be as high as 17% g at an epicentral distance of 5 km, suggesting
that seismic hazards due to induced seismicity is not negligible.
Geoscience tools for supporting environmental assessment of metal mining
Authors: Galloway J
Published: March 2017

The goal of this activity is to test the hypothesis that climate variability controls metal(loid) cycling in the environment. We initiated research in 2015-16 to provide missing baseline geochemical data and model the cumulative impacts of geogenic and
anthropogenic processes, with a focus on climate variability, on the transport and fate of metal(loids) in the vicinity of the City of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Due to the complex geology of the Slave Geological Province and in particular, mineralized greenstone belts and hydrothermal
alteration zones, geochemical background can be highly variable even on small spatial scales. In addition, the Yellowknife region has experienced ~75 years of gold ore mining and processing that resulted in release of substantial quantities of arsenic to the surrounding environment. The larger
POLAR Knowledge Canada S&T funded activity will also focus on the Courageous Lake area that is thought to have been impacted by free-milling gold mining and processing at Tundra, Salmita, and Bulldog mines in the 1960s and 1980s, and the yet to be developed Hope Bay area (TMAC Resources
Ltd.) in the central and northern Slave Geological Province, respectively.
Directional geostatistical simulation for regional hydrostratigraphic units uncertainty characterization, Innisfil Creek sub-watershed, Ontario
Authors: Benoit N , Marcotte D , Boucher A , Bajc A F
Published: March 2017

The uncertainty characterization of hydrostratigraphic systems is important for risk assessment in hydrogeology. A complex system is difficult to characterize due to limited sampling. Geostatistical simulation methods aim at representing the underlying modeling
uncertainties about hydrostratigraphic units proportions, properties and spatial arrangement through an ensemble of equally probable models. These models control the connectivity and, ultimately, the response of the system under an external stimulus. It is then critical to have geostatistical
algorithms that can accurately reproduce the geological controls on the flow, such as the directional ordering of units. The latter is an important and common feature of sedimentary environments. Recent developments in geostatistics have improved the realism of hydrostratigraphic units simulation.
In that regard, we revisited the Markovian Categorical Prediction (MCP) simulation method to allow for trends and directional ordering in simulation. The adapted MCP approach was applied to determine the uncertainty at a regional scale within the Innisfil Creek subwatershed with its 18
hydrostratigraphic units. The trend in unit occurrences is accounted for by locally confining the geostatistical algorithm to a deterministic model, without resorting to auxiliary variables. The presented methodology allows characterization of the uncertainty of the hydrostratigraphic model.
The outputs are a suite (ensemble) of models, which provide a variability assessment of the spatial units arrangement and are an alternative to the deterministic one that complies with known data and unit ordering and trends. The alternative models propose a realistic variation for the thicknesses
of the different units. Results suggest that the updated MCP methodology is highly flexible and efficient for closely replicating hydrostratigraphic units ordination, even for units occurring with low frequency. These geostatistical models are then appropriate for characterizing the uncertainty of
groundwater flow and transport as well as aquifer vulnerability and the delineation of wellhead protection areas.
Karst and hazards lands Mitigation: some guidelines for geological and geotechnical investigations in Ontario karst terrains
Authors: Brunton F R
Published: March 2017

The mandate of the Ontario Geological Survey is to provide citizens and institutions of Ontario with accurate and objective earth science knowledge about Ontario, in order to sustain and support quality of life, economic prosperity, environmental quality, and
public health and safety. The OGS does not comment on best practices or recommended approaches for reviewing and approving changes to landuse or development applications in karst terrains. Various Ontario ministries - the Ontario Geological Survey (MNDM) and the Ministry of Natural Resources
& Forestry (MNRF), Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH), and Agriculture and Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) have been reviewing existing policies related to land-use and development throughout southern Ontario and Manitoulin Island to update hazard lands guidelines, nutrient management
practices and to develop best practices documents for various forms of development in karst terrains.
The main purpose of the Ontario Geological Survey Karst Mitigation field-based research is to provide a more comprehensive summary of the kinds of geoscience field work and data sets that could be integrated into field-based studies in order to address gaps in the current guidelines framework (e.g.,
Natural Hazards Technical Guidance documents for use with the current Ontario Provincial Policy Statement). A "best practices" approach to addressing karst hazards should be carried out in a staged manner, one that involves a general geologic- and geomorphologic-data-gathering desktop investigation
(Phase 1 study) that would progress to a more detailed field-based study (Phase 2) to quantify and qualify identified karst terrain hazards (i.e., progress from Phase 1- to Phase 2-level site investigation depending upon nature of land use or development project being proposed). An overview of
proposed best practices for investigating karst hazards in Ontario and an innovative "toolkit" for investigating karst-influenced groundwater flow zones will be reviewed in this presentation.
Well record data enhancement project
Authors: Carr C , Grgic D
Published: March 2017

Ontario's Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (ministry) has a dataset of over 750,000 well records from 1899 to present with a growth rate of 15,000 to 20,000 records per year. Well records provide information about a well's location, construction,
lithology and pumping test, as prescribed by the Wells Regulation. In general, a well record is required to be submitted by the well contractor at the time of construction, major alteration or decommissioning of water supply wells, test holes and dewatering wells.
Since its inception, the provincial well record dataset has been an invaluable resource for geologists, engineers, and other stakeholders across the province as it is the primary source of province wide subsurface geological and groundwater information. It is made available through the ontario.ca
website as a Data Catalogue and an Interactive Well Records Map.
Data on the well records are of varied quality with some well records providing a high degree of accuracy and completeness, and others not. During use of the well record data by external stakeholders, professional geoscientists and engineers have assessed and corrected the data, and added new data
to produce "value-added" well record datasets for their areas of study. They have checked for and interpreted for regional consistency in nomenclature, location, etc.
In November 2016, the ministry initiated the Well Record Enhancement Project to determine how to create, maintain and present an authoritative provincial well record dataset in which the geoscience community has confidence and can contribute ongoing improvements. WSP Canada Inc. was retained to
assist with the delivery of this project.
The objectives of the project are to identify and assess options to 1) enhance the quality of Ontario's well record data, including the integration of existing value-added datasets; 2) identify how to validate/curate corrections and value added data from external sources into a "best available"
dataset on an ongoing basis; 3) enhance how well record and value-added data are made available to the public, including improved functionality/presentation and delivery models; and 4) potentially recover the costs of enhancements and delivery. Recommendations are to be based on a solid
understanding of the needs and capacity of the MOECC, other existing well record users and creators of existing value added datasets including professional geoscientists, engineers and well contractors.
To this end, the ministry is consulting with key stakeholders to better understand what enhancements they need and want in terms of well record quality, access, presentation and delivery. In addition the ministry is examining what corrected/value added data may be available for a curated
authoritative provincial dataset, and what role, if any, stakeholders would like to play in its delivery.
A conceptual framework for groundwater/surface-water interactions and identifying potential impacts on water quality, water quantity and ecosystems
Authors: Brewster C , Robinson C , Hinton M J , Russell H A J
Published: March 2017

Groundwater/surface-water (GW/SW) interactions play an important role in controlling the physical, chemical and biological integrity of surface water and groundwater systems in the Great Lakes Basin (GLB). Increased recognition of their importance is illustrated
by the addition of Annex 8 on groundwater to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement in 2012. GW/SW interactions in the GLB are complex can impact water quantity, water quality and ecosystem health of streams and lakes including the Great Lakes. Although considerable work has been done to
characterize the geology, hydrology, and groundwater resources in Southern Ontario, there are still numerous science gaps with respect to GW/SW processes and no guidance or framework exists for evaluating the importance of GW/SW interactions. Decisions regarding land use and resource development are
often made without an adequate understanding of the way in which GW/SW interactions may impact water quantity, water quality and ecosystem health. Therefore, to enhance the ability to make informed science-based decisions, a conceptual framework has been developed to help evaluate GW/SW interactions
and identify potential impacts. The purpose of the framework is to provide a comprehensive and logical approach to understanding, evaluating, and identifying the important factors and processes that control GW/SW interactions of both streams and lakes and linking them to impacts on their water
quantity, water quality, and ecosystems. The framework consists of five fundamental parts including: 1) the surface water system; 2) the groundwater system; 3) the interface connectivity; 4) GW/SW interactions; and 5) the ultimate impacts on the water quantity, quality and ecosystems associated with
the surface water, groundwater and the transition zone. For each of the first four parts, lists of important factors and critical processes have been identified. For ease of use, the framework is presented as a flow chart that highlights the relationship between factors and processes and the
potential impacts on the surface water, groundwater, and the transition zone. Processes that are common to both streams and lakes are identified as well as those processes unique to each. A benefit of the framework is that it is flexible and can be adapted to the needs of the end-user to develop
scientifically sound understanding of a setting and to help answer key management questions. This flexibility is important in Southern Ontario because there is a range of hydrological landscape settings where the mechanisms controlling GW/SW interactions and resulting impacts are vastly different.
To illustrate the application of the framework, case studies will be presented for different GW/SW interaction settings (i.e., riverine and nearshore lake settings) and management questions. The framework presented provides a comprehensive and accessible approach to evaluating GW/SW issues in
Southern Ontario.
Agriculture actions to reduce phosphorus to Lake Erie
Authors: Cushman D
Published: March 2017

For more than a decade, toxic and nuisance algal blooms in Lake Erie have increased in frequency, and the summer of 2015 saw the largest documented algal bloom in the lake's history. Blooms threaten drinking water quality, fish populations, beach quality, coastal
recreation and the overall health of the lake. In addition, when algae die and decompose, hypoxic conditions can be created, meaning there is a lack of oxygen in the water. In 2012, hypoxic conditions were responsible for tens of thousands of dead fish washing up on a 40-kilometre stretch of
shoreline between the communities of Erieau and Port Stanley in Ontario. The increased occurrence of harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie is influenced by many factors, including nutrients, climate change and invasive species such as zebra mussels. Phosphorus is the primary nutrient driving increased
algal blooms in the lake and comes from multiple sources, both urban and rural. After decades of work on major sources, non-point sources are now the majority of phosphorus entering Lake Erie. The challenge is significant, but with coordinated action there is hope for the lake's future.
However, with the recent rise in blooms, Canada and the United States recognized the need for a new approach to action, and in February 2016 agreed to a 40 per cent reduction target for phosphorus entering the Central and Western basins of Lake Erie. Federal and provincial ministries are
collaborating to develop an Action Plan for Lake Erie to Achieve Phosphorus Reductions from Canadian Sources. Governments cannot do this alone. Additional actions from all sectors and communities across the Lake Erie basin are going to be needed to achieve our goals. A draft is currently out for
consultation soliciting actions from all sectors.
The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) focus is on rural communities and Ontario's agriculture and food systems. Rural and agricultural sources of phosphorus include soil erosion from fields and nutrient runoff from manure, fertilizer and other soil amendments. OMAFRA has been
studying the effectiveness of management practices in reducing environmental impacts and promoting environmental planning for decades. To support the work on phosphorus reduction OMAFRA reviewed the available information to determine which practices have the greatest potential for reductions and to
identify our scientific gaps. Preliminary conclusions include the need to: improve soil health through practices like crop rotation, reduced tillage, cover crops; carefully manage nutrients including the appropriate timing and application of nutrients; and select practices that are effective in the
non-growing season and heavy storm events when the majority of the loss can occur. Current science also indicates that a multi-barrier approach that uses multiple BMPs is most effective at minimizing phosphorus loss from fields through runoff and tile drainage.
Clarence-Rockland Groundwater Study - Aquifer Capability Screening Tool pilot study, Prescott-Russell, Ontario
Authors: Di lorio T , Hamilton S M , Morton S R , Heagle D , Melaney M
Published: March 2017

Natural groundwater quality in exceedance of Ontario provincial drinking water standards is a persistent issue that limits development of private services in Eastern Ontario. Local ambient groundwater quality issues are linked to geological conditions and are
predominantly the result of the marine environment that existed in the St. Lawrence lowlands following the most recent glacial retreat. In addition to trapping saline water, the marine clays mask complex Paleozoic bedrock topography and geology, whose interbedded limestone and shale units, along
with long groundwater residence times, further contribute to poor water quality.
A study was initiated at the request of the municipality, the United Counties of Prescott and Russell (UCPR), to develop an Aquifer Capability Screening Tool (ACST) to evaluate the development potential of a property where private wells are required to supply drinking water. The ACST consists of
maps of expected groundwater quality and quantity in relation to Provincial standards for private wells. The tool is intended to identify potential issues early in the application process, saving time and money for developers and the municipality. The pilot study was undertaken within a single
municipality in the UCPR, the City of Clarence-Rockland, to determine the viability of the approach.
The Clarence Rockland Groundwater Study (2013-2015) was completed through a collaborative partnership between the Upper and Lower Tier Municipalities, South Nation Conservation Authority, the Ontario Geological Survey (OGS), the University of Ottawa and Geofirma Engineering Ltd. Development of the
ACST was supported by a robust groundwater sampling program to characterize hydrostratigraphy, identify groundwater flow patterns, and develop water quality maps. Well sampling was carried out in accordance with protocols developed by the OGS Ontario Ambient Groundwater Geochemistry Study (Hamilton,
Brauneder and Mellor, 2007 and Hamilton and Brauneder, 2008). A 2km sampling grid was used to facilitate even sampling across the municipality; 136 wells were sampled, including 74 bedrock wells and 62 overburden wells.
The study created a new overview of ambient groundwater quality and quantity for the City of Clarence- Rockland. ACST water quality maps were generated from groundwater sampling results, with an emphasis on parameters in exceedance of Provincial standards that could inhibit lot creation or
development; including fluoride, barium, selenium, chloride, sodium, total dissolved solids, dissolved organic carbon, methane and colour. ACST water quantity maps were created for shallow overburden aquifers and the contact zone/shallow bedrock aquifer. Currently, the ACST is being used within the
City of Clarence-Rockland to pre-screen development applications.
Implementing drinking water source protection - conservation authority perspective
Authors: Ford D
Published: March 2017

Drinking water source protection began in Ontario in response to the Walkerton tragedy in May 2000, when seven died and thousands became ill from drinking municipal water contaminated with E. coli and Campylobacter bacteria. The public inquiry that followed
recommended a multi-barrier approach to protect drinking water from source to tap. In response, the province passed the Clean Water Act in 2006 as the first barrier. The intent of this new legislation was to protect the sources of drinking water before it enters municipal water systems.
Scientists across the province were tasked with developing Assessment Reports to characterize the quality and quantity of drinking water resources. In addition, these reports documented the human and ecological features, mapped areas vulnerable to impacts from human activities, and enumerated
significant drinking water threats. The technical work included integrated mapping of surface and subsurface features, groundwater / surface water modelling, contaminant transport, capture zone analysis for municipal wells, and enumeration of significant drinking water threats.
At Toronto and Region Conservation, 456 significant drinking water threats were identified with respect to municipal wells, and locally developed policies were developed to eliminate or manage these threats. The source protection policies were developed into a Source Protection Plan by scientists,
engineers, and planners who worked in partnership with a local Source Protection Committee. Each of the 19 committees across the province included a mix of municipal appointees, industry representatives, and watershed residents.
The policies for the jurisdiction of Toronto and Region Conservation took effect December 31, 2015. These policies are based on science, and yet recognize the existing fabric of land development and the effects of human activities on the landscape. We have met the challenges of implementation of new
policy tools by a variety of government agencies by ensuring rigorous public consultation, inter-agency meetings, and provincial oversight.
Newmarket Till aquitard: optimum grain packing with a pore-filling calcite-rich cement
Authors: Kjarsgaard B A , Knight R D , Russell H A
J , Sharpe D R , Crow H , Olson L
Published: March 2017

Newmarket Till is a stony, sandy (38%) silty (~47%) diamicton, which is of variable thickness (~1 - 69 m) and of widespread distribution (correlated with Catfish Creek Till) in southern Ontario. The Newmarket Till has unusually high densities
(2.2 - 2.4 g/cm3); elevated seismic velocities (Vp ~2600 m/s) determined by downhole geophysical studies are characteristic and the Till can be traced across the region as a seismostratigraphic marker. As the Till is highly indurated and has low permeability, it forms a regional aquitard that
confines underlying aquifers, and is also a basal aquitard for overlying aquifers (e.g. Oak Ridges Moraine). Given the high sand content of this diamicton, the low permeability and indurated nature is surprising, and could be resultant from over-consolidation due to glacial loading, presence of a
secondary cement, or both processes. Clasts larger than coarse gravel consist of granitoids and limestone, however clasts smaller than coarse gravel are dominated by limestone, with rare granitoids. The mineral assemblage (in decreasing abundance) is quartz, calcite, K-feldspar, plagioclase,
dolomite, amphibole and clinopyroxene; these grains are comminuted and range in size from ~1000 micrometres to ~2 micrometres, leading to optimum packing. The intra-grain matrix is exceptionally fine (<1 micrometres, typically 0.25 - 0.50 micrometres) and not resolvable by
optical methods. Higher resolution SEM and FE-SEM backscattered electron and secondary electron images of the intra-grain matrix reveals a complex pore filling cement, with a very low percentage (<1%) of open pore space. The minerals comprising the secondary cement are a challenge to
analyze due to their very fine grain size and composition. Preliminary semiquantitative EDS analyses suggest they consist of calcite (CaCO3) and portlandite (Ca[OH]2), with minor phyllosilicates, and possibly hydrated calcium-rich silicate minerals (CSH). The Ca-rich minerals cement the silt- to
sand-sized mineral grains and larger clasts, and result in the Newmarket Till being highly indurated and of low permeability. The presence of calcite and portlandite in a glaciogenic sediment cement is quite unusual. Additional analytical work is being undertaken to fully characterize the mineralogy
of these Late Wisconsin / Holocene cements.
Municipal water well efficiency programs - a fresh approach in Peel Region: the good, the bad and the imminent
Authors: Lasso L
Published: March 2017

The Region of Peel operates 15 municipal production wells and 4 municipal residential drinking water systems in the Town of Caledon communities of Alton, Caledon East, Caledon Village, Cheltenham, Inglewood, and Palgrave. Historically, well maintenance has been
carried out on a regular, as needed, basis to maintain the water supply for the residents of these communities. Typically the water operations group would determine the maintenance schedule in response to either the staff noticing a decline in the well performance and a consultant/contractor would
be commissioned to help in addressing the issue or due to a periodical well and pump maintenance program.
Early 2016, the groundwater group recognized the lack of involvement in the Region's well maintenance tasks by technically qualified regional staff from other groups. A new approach was proposed by the groundwater group to management and it was approved to start a pilot project by the end of 2016,
whereby cross-functional staff (Operations, hydrogeologists, management and Program Planning and Compliance) took on additional responsibilities for the well efficiency program. Palgrave No. 2 was approved to test the proposed approach. Only after the project team met to discuss and plan for a
comprehensive testing of the Palgrave water system was a contractor and consultant retained, albeit with a reduced scope of work.
As a result of the work in Palgrave No. 2, several inconsistencies were found in Peel's approach to maintaining the rural community's water supply systems. These were largely due to poor, or in some cases non-existent, communication between various technical experts in different groups within the
region.
The new approach has fostered a renewed sense of appreciation for the diverse skills among Peel Region staff and will undoubtedly result in less reliance upon contractors and consultants for this type of work into the future.
Barometric pressure responses in groundwater level time series data, a literature review
Authors: Milloy C
Published: March 2017

Ontario's Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) oversees Ontario's Low Water Response (OLWR) Program. As partners with MNRF, conservation authorities across Ontario coordinate responses to local low water conditions, amongst the various levels of
government, as conditions arise. In further support of OLWR, conservation authority (CA) geoscientists have, in the past, participated in a technical consultation group with staff from MNRF and from the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC).
The technical geoscience group convenes once or twice annually to discuss amongst other topics, the potential uses of available groundwater level monitoring data from the MOECC's Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network (PGMN) in the OLWR Program. In support of the use of this data, the staff
geoscientist from the Rideau Valley Conservation Authority (RVCA) was asked to review and report on the available literature that explains the barometric responses, which are known to be recorded in some groundwater level monitoring data-sets.
This presentation will: provide an overview of the information summarized in the literature review; present several examples of barometric pressure responses and earth tide effects in PGMN time-series data; explain the necessary next-steps in the initiative; and summarize the relevance for all
groundwater level monitoring projects.
Improving the spatial density of a regional hydraulic conductivity dataset with estimates made from domestic water well information
Authors: Priebe E H , Neville C J , Rudolph D L
Published: March 2017

High-quality hydraulic conductivity data tend to be sparse relative to the large areas under investigation in regional-scale groundwater studies. From the 1960s through the 1990s, the literature is replete with articles discussing the details of augmenting
high-quality hydraulic conductivity datasets with values estimated from specific capacity tests. Early publications focused on the development of the fundamental mathematical relation between specific capacity and hydraulic conductivity. Later articles presented approaches claiming improved accuracy
of hydraulic conductivity estimates from specific capacity by correcting for additional well losses. However, because the site-specific data required to correct for additional well losses are generally not available, these corrections often led to error. Through the 1990s, many workers abandoned the
analytical approach for an empirical one, arguing that correcting for additional well losses introduces significant error into the K estimate. Since the early 2000s, the literature has become largely silent on the topic of augmenting high-quality hydraulic conductivity datasets with K estimates
developed from specific capacity.
Despite a pause in the literature, integration of the results of high-quality tests within more approximate but spatially extensive datasets is still desired, particularly to support the identification of groundwater resource exploration targets in complex, heterogeneous geological settings. We
present a simple and effective approach to synthesize the results from high-quality hydraulic tests with reconnaissance-level hydraulic conductivity estimates made from domestic water well specific capacity tests. Domestic water wells are ubiquitous across Ontario, and although their associated well
records do not contain the information required to support rigorous hydraulic test analyses, they do contain the information required to calculate specific capacity. We use the fundamental Theis relation to make hydraulic conductivity estimates from specific capacity tests, assuming that additional
well losses account for a relatively small portion of the total observed drawdown. The utility of this approach is demonstrated with data comparisons at three different spatial scales. Each comparison is conducted to evaluate the suitability of augmenting the high-quality data set with lesser
quality estimates to answer specific research questions. The results of the comparisons results show good correlation between both sets of hydraulic conductivity estimates, and provide the information required to support careful data integration for improved hydraulic conductivity data
coverage.
Application of the tracer radon-222 to identify groundwater discharge hotspots along the Lake Simcoe shoreline
Authors: Robinson C , Wallace H , Ji T
Published: March 2017

Groundwater discharge can be an important pathway for transporting pollutants, including nutrients, metals, and chloride into large inland lakes. Quantification of groundwater inputs into large lakes is often challenging due to high spatial variability in
discharge patterns. While prior studies have identified offshore groundwater discharge locations (submarine hollows and vents) into Lake Simcoe, there is limited understanding of the magnitude of groundwater discharge to the lake including identification of areas that may be hotspots for discharge.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the natural tracer radon-222 (222Rn) for evaluating groundwater discharge along the shoreline of Lake Simcoe. 222Rn is a suitable tracer for quantifying groundwater discharge to inland lakes as its concentrations are typically 3-4 orders of
magnitude higher in groundwater than in surface water. Regional scale 222Rn boat surveys were conducted along the shoreline of Lake Simcoe in summer 2015 and 2016 to identify potential groundwater discharge hotspots. Measurements were conducted using portable radon instrumentation (RAD 7 and RAD
AQUA, Durridge Inc.). Groundwater discharge hotspots were located along the north shore of Kempenfelt Bay and along the south shore of Lake Simcoe. Regional-scale survey results were compared with hydrogeological studies previously conducted for subwatersheds around Lake Simcoe to gain understanding
of the hydrogeological controls on the detected groundwater hotspot areas. High spatial resolution 222Rn surveys were also carried out in identified hotspot areas and a steady-state mass balance model which considers the various sources and sinks of 222Rn (e.g., air evasion, offshore mixing) was
applied to estimate groundwater discharge rates. The challenge of applying a 222Rn mass balance is minimizing uncertainties associated with 222Rn loss through air evasion, as well as adequately characterizing 222Rn concentrations in the groundwater endmember. High resolution survey results confirmed
high groundwater discharge in the hotspot areas with discharge highest near the shore and decreasing offshore. The development of regional-scale methods such as 222Rn for evaluating groundwater discharge to large inland waters including Lake Simcoe is critical for developing effective and targeted
management plans aimed reducing the contribution of groundwater pollutants to degrading lake water quality.
Wetland ecohydrology monitoring at TRCA: insights and lessons learned
Authors: Taylor N
Published: March 2017

The Wetland Water Balance project seeks to develop tools, knowledge, and guidelines to support TRCA's (Toronto and Region Conservation Authority's) stormwater management criteria for water balance analyses where these are required for the protection of wetlands.
This includes tools to better characterize the pre-development hydrology of a wetland and the components of the water balance that may contribute to maintenance of important ecological functions. As part of this project, a number of wetlands across TRCA and Credit Valley Conservation jurisdictions
have been instrumented to learn how to: a) efficiently characterize baseline conditions, and; b) over the longer-term, develop a better understanding of wetland hydrological functions in the landscape and how these may relate to ecological functions. This presentation will focus on the preliminary
results from the regional monitoring study, as well as physical monitoring techniques for characterizing shallow groundwater dynamics in wetlands. This research will help TRCA achieve its objectives of maintaining and enhancing the existing natural heritage system in the watersheds of greater
Toronto by informing stormwater management system design and future water resource management decisions.
Assessing the hydrologic and environmental impacts of climate change with an integrated groundwater and surface water model
Authors: Van Vliet D , Bastien J , Ghbn N
Published: March 2017

There has been increased public awareness of the potential impacts of climate change on water resources in the Spencer Creek Watershed in Hamilton. This study, commissioned by Hamilton Conservation Authority and the City of Hamilton was completed as a pilot study
to evaluate not only potential impacts to surface water hydrology, but explore how an integrated model can provide a thorough assessment on those groundwater and surface water interactions relating to environmental flows and wetlands.
The team for this project consisted of Matrix Solutions Inc., McMaster University, and the Ontario Climate Consortium (OCC). This pilot project received funding support from the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) Blue Water Project, the City of Hamilton, Hamilton Conservation Authority, and Mitacs.
1. The study goals included the following:
2. Characterize local future climates and create future climate change scenarios with which to evaluate infrastructure and environmental vulnerabilities in the Hamilton area.
3. Apply possible future climates to an integrated groundwater and surface water model of the Spencer Creek watershed.
4. Compare baseline watershed and hydrologic and hydrogeologic conditions and future conditions against multiple impact indicators to assess vulnerabilities to climate change in the Spencer Creek watershed.
5. Recommend adaptation and monitoring measures to address the risks posed to the watershed by both current and future climate scenarios.
Future projected climate changes include increases in mean annual temperature, maximum temperatures, growing degree-days, and evapotranspiration. In addition, the models predict potential increases in total annual precipitation, more days with substantial rainfall and more long duration events. All
of these potential changes may affect the form and function of the environmental features in the watershed. The effect of these changes on environmental features may affect water levels and soil moisture in wetlands and warmer stream temperatures. These hydrologic changes may then result in shifts
in wetland species and more habitat for invasive species. For coldwater streams, these changes could mean loss of brook trout habitat; and for forest habitats, vernal pools supporting amphibian reproduction may be lost. Warming and drying of forests may lead to shifts in vegetation and loss of rare
species.
Afectividad normativa como fundamento de la autoridad doméstica en la sociedad digital
Authors: Núñez Ladevéze Luis , Núñez Canal Margarita , Irisarri Núñez José Antonio
Published: March 2017

Estudiamos desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar si la incorporación de internet al hogar se manifiesta como motivo de deterioro de la patria potestad. Método. Tras cotejar fuentes teóricas y legales con el análisis hermenéutico de cinco paneles de discusión entre especialistas en mediación familiar y educomunicación, encontramos que el factor “afectividad” es específicamente relevante para contrastar la hipótesis. Resultados. La autoridad familiar es un proceso moral que transforma la plena sujeción a la potestad de los padres en una comunidad de normas generadas por el mutuo afecto. Si las normas generadas durante la convivencia afianzan la afectividad transforman paulatinamente la potestad original en autoridad moral. Conclusiones: La autoridad arraiga si la conducta de los progenitores merece confianza por su ejemplaridad y es congruente con las normas generadas por el proceso de relación afectiva. La diferencia de competencia digital puede ser un factor condicionante del proceso, pero no es determinante.
HYDRAULIC CYLINDER LEAKAGE TEST
Authors:   CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Published: March 2017

Applies to hydraulic cylinders which are components of self-propelled work machines defined in SAE J1116.
HYDRAULIC CYLINDER ROD SEAL ENDURANCE TEST PROCEDURE
Authors:   CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Published: March 2017

Applies to hydraulic seals used to seal the rod of hydraulic cylinders which are components of self-propelled work machines defined in SAE J1116.
ACCOMMODATION TOOL REFERENCE POINT
Authors:   Truck and Bus Human Factors Committee
Published: March 2017

Reference lines have been developed to which driver workspace accomodation tools can be located in vehicle space. The lines describe horizontal reference point locations as a function of vehicle H-point height (H30). One reference line has been established for use in vehicles with H-point heights (H 30) and steering wheel diameters (W9) less than 405mm and 450mm, respectively. (Class A Vehicles) This point can be used to reference appropriate workspace tools to accommodate a driver population with a male to female ratio of one to one. Separate reference lines have been established for use in vehicles with H-point heights (H30) between 405 and 530mm and steering wheel diameters (W9) between 450 and 560mm with treadle type pedals. (Class B Vehicles) See Fig. 1. Three lines are available for use in Class B vehicles depending on the percentages of males and females in the population the designer wishes to accommodate. Separate points can be used to reference appropriate workspace tools to accommodate driver populations with male/female ratios of 50/50, 75/25 and 90/10 to 95/5. Different procedures for locating Class A and Class B Accommodation Tool Reference Lines in vehicle space have been established based on unique packaging considerations of the two categories of vehicles.
OVERLAP SHEAR TEST FOR AUTOMOTIVE TYPE SEALANT FOR STATIONARY GLASS BONDING
Authors:   Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Published: March 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for the construction and testing of glass to metal lap shears for determining shear strength of sealant adhesives for automotive stationary glass bonding. This procedure can also be used for fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) when used in place of metal.
Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Radiation From Vehicles and Devices, Narrowband, 10 Khz to 1000 Mhz
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: March 2017

With the advent of computer based electronics being utilized in automobiles, the Electromagnetic Radiation Subcommittee has deemed it prudent that a new test method be written to provide a common test for the measurement of narrowband radiation from vehicles and devices. This SAE Standard covers methods of measuring incidental narrowband radiation from vehicles and devices. The standard also establishes performance levels intended to protect nearby communication and broadcast receivers. It is intended to serve as an alternate method of measuring electromagnetic radiation which is analogous to the FCC Part 15 methodology but adapted to measuring vehicles. The equivalent procedures for broadband emissions are set forth in SAE J551. This standard covers narrowband emissions in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 1000 MHz. An example of such radiation is the unintended emission from on-board logic and computer modules. In particular, the standard is intended to provide protection to adjacent mobile communication and broadcast receivers (vertical E-Field test) and portable broadcast radios (magnetic field test). In the future horizontal E-Field measurement requirements will be considered.
INDUCTION CURE TEST FOR METAL BONDING ADHESIVES
Authors:   Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Published: March 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for determining the adhesion strength characteristics of heat-cured metal bonding adhesives subjected to induction heating.
Dendrochronologically dated pine stumps document phase wise bog
expansion at a northwest German site between c. 6700 BC and c.
3400 BC
Authors: Achterberg Inke Elisabeth Maike , Eckstein Jan , Birkholz Bernhard , Bauerochse Andreas , Leuschner Hanns Hubert
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This is a dendrochronological investigation of a mire site densely covered by peat-preserved pine stumps (Pinus sylvestris). The site in the northwest German Tote Moor revealed to feature trees from various Holocene millennia. The dendrochronologically dated site chronology covers 2345 years between 6703 BC and 3403 BC, containing 5 gaps between 6 and 550 years in length. It consists of 477 trees. A floating chronology segment of 309 years, containing 30 trees, was radiocarbon dated to the beginning of the 7th millennium cal. BC. The tree ring data from the site documents environmental changes over a larger period of time. Furthermore, the site is covered densely with in situ tree stumps from the fen-bog transition. This facilitates the spatio-temporal reconstruction of mire development, which is based on 212 in situ tree stumps in the case study presented here. Peat-stratigraphical survey was carried out additionally, and elevations a.s.l. were determined at several locations. Tree die-off phases, which indicate the local water level rise, mostly in context of the local fen-bog transition, are evident for c. 6600–6450 BC, c. 6350–5750 BC, c. 5300–4900 BC, c. 4700–4550 BC, c. 3900–3850 BC, 3700–3600 BC, c. 3500–3450 BC and c. 3400 BC.
Vegetation dynamics and climate seasonality jointly control the interannual catchment water balance in the Loess Plateau under the Budyko framework
Authors: Ning Tingting , Li Zhi , Liu Wenzhao
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Within the Budyko framework, the controlling parameter (ω in the Fu equation) is widely considered to represent landscape conditions in terms of vegetation coverage (M); however, some qualitative studies have concluded that climate seasonality (S) should be incorporated in ω. Here, we discuss the relationship between ω, M, and S, and further develop an empirical equation so that the contributions from M to actual annual evapotranspiration (ET) can be determined more accurately. Taking 13 catchments in the Loess Plateau as examples, ω was found to be well correlated with M and S. The developed empirical formula for ω calculations at the annual scale performed well for estimating ET by the cross-validation approach. By combining the Budyko framework with the semi-empirical formula, the contributions of changes in ω to ET variations were further decomposed as those of M and S. Results showed that the contributions of S to ET changes ranged from 0.1 to 74.8 % (absolute values). Therefore, the impacts of climate seasonality on ET cannot be ignored, otherwise the contribution of M to ET changes will be estimated with a large error. The developed empirical formula between ω, M, and S provides an effective method to separate the contributions of M and S to ET changes.
A Study on Agreement Analysis in Job Selection Decisions With Respect To Locus of Control
Authors: İnel Mehmet Nuri
Published: March 2017

The importance of job selection decisions increases day by day. The aim of this study is to evaluate agreement coefficients by measuring the effect of locus of control (LOC) orientation and to analyze agreement in job selection decisions with respect to locus of control. In order to test the propositions, a field survey using questionnaires was conducted in a sample of 200. Results indicated that there was an agreement between internals and externals.
An Atypical Case of Leishmaniasis Associated with Chronic Duodenitis in a Dog
Authors: Ayala Ignacio , Bernal Luis Jesus , Garcia-Martinez Juan Diego , Gomez Miguel Angel , Navarro Jose Antonio , Bernabe Antonio
Published: March 2017

We describe an atypical case of duodenal leishmaniasis in a boxer dog presenting with chronic diarrhea and poor general condition. Antidiarrheic therapy was previously administered without success and inflammatory bowel disease localized to the small intestine was suspected, given the chronic clinical signs and by ruling out other known causes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Endoscopic biopsy of duodenum showed a moderate increase in lamina propria lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Basophilic bodies were seen in the cytoplasm of numerous macrophages, suggestive of Leishmania spp, confirmed by immunostaining, and a diagnosis of granulomatous duodenitis associated to Leishmania infection was made. After 7 mo of therapy, a significant clinical improvement and weight gain were observed, and endoscopic histology showed no evidence of Leishmania. A progressive decline of anti-leishmanial antibody titer was also observed during follow-up. This report emphasizes the importance of atypical symptoms and the unusual location of visceral leishmaniasis, suggesting the need to consider leishmaniasis in the differential diagnosis of canine chronic enteritis, especially in endemic areas.