bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant, swimming mouths: oral dimensions of extant sharks do not accurately predict body size inDunkleosteus terrelli(Placodermi: Arthrodira)
Authors: Engelman Russell
Published: April 2023

Background

The size ofDunkleosteusand other late Devonian arthrodire placoderms has been a persistent problem in paleontology. The bony head and thoracic armor of these animals are typically the only elements preserved in the fossil record, with the rest of the body being lost during fossilization. Accurate length estimates of arthrodires are critical for reconstructing the paleobiology of these taxa and Devonian paleoecology more generally. Lengths of 5.3–8.8 m were proposed forDunkleosteusbased on allometric relationships between upper jaw perimeter and total length in extant large-bodied sharks. However, these methods were not statistically evaluated to determine if allometric relationships between body size and mouth size in sharks reliably predicted size in arthrodires. Several smaller arthrodire taxa are known from relatively complete remains, and can be used as independent case studies to test the accuracy of these methods.

Results

Length estimates forDunkleosteusare evaluated through an examination of mouth proportions in complete arthrodires and fishes more generally. Currently accepted lengths of 5.3–8.8 m forD. terrelliare mathematically and biologically unlikely for three major reasons: (1) Arthrodires have larger mouths than sharks at similar body sizes. (2) upper jaw perimeter and mouth width produce extreme overestimates of body size (at least twice the actual value) in arthrodires known from complete remains. (3) ReconstructingDunkleosteususing lengths predicted by upper jaw perimeter results in highly unusual body proportions, including extremely small, shrunken heads and hyper-anguilliform body plans, not seen in complete arthrodires or fishes more generally.

Conclusions

Length estimates for arthrodires based on the mouth dimensions of extant sharks are not reliable. Arthrodires have proportionally larger mouths than sharks, more similar to catfishes (Siluriformes). The disproportionately large mouths of arthrodires suggest these animals may have consumed larger prey relative to their body size than extant macropredatory sharks, and thus the paleobiology and paleoecology of these two groups may not have been exactly analogous within their respective ecosystems.
Análisis crítico, recomendaciones y propuestas al régimen regulatorio institucional de la industria de las telecomunicaciones en Chile
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Facultad de Derecho, Muñoz Rebolledo Jorge
Published: April 2023

La investigación realizada consistió en exponer y analizar el desarrollo de la regulación de las telecomunicaciones en chile, con foco en el regulador del sector: la Subsecretaría de Telecomunicaciones. Esto con una perspectiva comparada, exponiendo los casos de los reguladores de España, México, Reino Unido, los EE.UU. y la Unión Europea. A partir de ello es que como resultado se proponen una serie de mejoras con el objetivo de modernizar y fortalecer al regulador sectorial, dentro de un contexto de profundas reformas institucionales que se vienen gestando en el país. Estas propuestas buscan avanzar y profundizar en el desarrollo y modernización de nuestras instituciones, y con ello, profundizar el desarrollo social, económico y cultural que una industria como las telecomunicaciones puede traer al país.
An Experimental Study to Analyse the Effectiveness of Programmed Instruction in Educating Agricultural Subject on Affective Domain of Extension Functionaries
Authors: Manjula N. , Nagaraja N. , Chandregowda M. J. , Reddy M. V. Srinivasa , Kumar T. P. Bharath
Published: April 2023

An experimental study was conducted to explore the potentiality of Programmed Instruction (PI) as an educational method in bringing desirable changes in the affective domain of extension functionaries on new agriculture technology, using Solomon four group research design: before-after with three controls considering 120 respondents. The results revealed that, the PI was more effective at organisation sub-domain (51.00) followed by valuing (42.87), responding to phenomena (39.60), receiving phenomena (38.00) and internalising values (35.33). The overall effectiveness score of affective domain was 41.36 signifying that, the PI is an effective educational method.
Impact of National Food Security Mission (NFSM) on Income and Productivity in Adilabad District of Telangana
Authors: Vishal Takre , Bisht Kamini , Sharma Nedhi Rani
Published: April 2023

National Food Security Mission (NFSM) was launched in October 2007 with new targets of additional production of 25 million tons of food grains comprising of 10 million tons rice, 8 million tons of wheat, 4 million tons of pulses and 3 million tons of coarse cereals by the end of 12th Five Year Plan. Redgram is cultivated in 2.77 lakh hectares across Telangana state. It is the major crop for Mahabubnagar, Adilabad, Ranga Reddy, Medak, Nalgonda, Warangal, and Khammam districts. The present study was carried out in the Adilabad district of Telangana with sample of 105 respondents in the year 2020-21 and data was collected with the help of well-structured interview schedule. Before and after change in the income and production of the red gram under NFSM was determined. To determine impact on income and production, paired t test was run with the help of SPSS software. The result with the help of paired t-test concluded that change was witnessed in the income and production of the red gram beneficiaries with the intervention of NFSM Scheme.
Constraints Faced by Millet Farmers and Millets Processing Units in Madurai District
Authors: Pushpa J. , Kumar G. Arun
Published: April 2023

Tamil Nadu has four per cent of the land area and three per cent of the water resources at National level. 92 per cent of total land holdings in Tamil Nadu belong to small and marginal farmers. Millets is one of the oldest foods known to mankind. Millets hold enormous hope for food and nutritional security. It is essential to know the constraints faced by millet growers in the millet cultivation and utilizing millet processing units. In view of the International Year of Millets, this study will help the policy developers to take the necessary measures. An Ex-post facto research design was used for the study. A sample size of 120 millet farmers and 10 millet processing units were selected for the study. To find out the most significant factor which influences the respondent, Garrett’s ranking technique was used. Among the constraints faced by the millet farmers animal menace was found to be first rank followed by lack of knowledge on improved varieties as second rank, uncertainty of rainfall as third and unable fetch remunerative price as fourth rank. Among the constraints faced by the processing units lack of millet polish machine ranked as first followed by lack of cooperation among members of processing unit ranked as second and lack of flexibility to operation on various phase of electricity as third rank.
Economics of Coconut Cultivation Using Treated Sago Industrial Wastewater and Fresh Water in Salem District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Priyanga V. , Thilagavathi M. , Selvaraj K. N. , Dhevagi P. , Duraisamy M. R.
Published: April 2023

The study attempts to examine the socio- economic profile and economics of coconut cultivation using treated sago industrial wastewater and fresh water in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu. A sample of 180 farmers receiving treated wastewater from nearby industrial units and another 180 farmers receiving fresh water (control farms) were selected through a multistage purposive sampling technique. The major finding of economic analysis of coconut cultivation revealed that the gross income of the sample farm using treated sago industrial wastewater was high at ₹ 1,31,408.00 as a result of the better yield of nuts (12540) as compared to that obtained by irrigation with fresh water (12245). The net income per hectare of coconut was ₹ 46,128.64 and ₹ 34,245.72 for the farm using treated wastewater and control farms, respectively. The study; therefore could establish that using treated industrial wastewater for irrigation will be advantageous in terms of net returns and to an extent substitute use of fresh water for irrigation, besides helping to save on use of and expenditure of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
Value Chain Analysis of Cocoons, Constraints faced by women in Production and Marketing of Mulberry Silk in Chikkaballapur District of Karnataka, India
Authors: Madhu D. M. , Irfan Shaik Mohammad , Prakash Satya , Sinha D. K. , Singh K. M.
Published: April 2023

The present study was carried out in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka to assess the marketing costs, value chain of cocoons and constraints faced by women in production and marketing of mulberry silk in the year 2021. The study adopted multistage random sampling for the selection of farmers and intermediaries, 90 and 50 respectively. The marketing costs are calculated for one quintal of cocoons among the stratified farmers. The marketing cost incurred was estimated to be Rs 980.78, amongst which the largest share was observed higher for marketing fee accounted 40.89 per cent, followed by packing material accounting 20.72 per cent. The producer’s share in consumer’s rupee was accounted to 34.28 per cent. The process of cocoons, the marketing costs and margins shown that the silk weavers purchased coloured weft from the silk twisters which accounts highest share of 42 per cent of the total cost of consumer’s price. The major constraints faced by women in mulberry cultivation was water scarcity etc. Constraints encountered in cocoon production was mainly pest and disease of mulberry silkworms. Constraints encountered in marketing of mulberry silk cocoons majorly was high price fluctuations in the market followed by the absence of quality based pricing. The constraints faced by reelers in mulberry silk production are high investment cost and high price fluctuations was observed in marketing of silk.
Breaking the Mould: Vocational Interest of Secondary School Students across Gender and Socio-economic Status
Authors: Maji Kartik , Acharya Amulya Kumar , Kumar Rajesh
Published: April 2023

The researcher has tried to know and acknowledge the vocational interests of secondary school students of Dakshin Dinajpur District in West Bengal. The objectives of this study are; 1. To study the relationship between vocational interest and social economic status of Secondary school students; 2. To compare the vocational interest of male and female secondary school students; 3.To compare the socio economic status among male and female secondary school students; 4. To compare the vocational interest of rural and urban secondary school students; 5.To compare the vocational interest of General and SC/ST/OBC Secondary school students. This study investigated the vocational interest across gender and socio-economic status among a random sample of 300 secondary school students. The researcher used; the Vocational Interest Record developed by Dr. S.P. Kulshrestha, (2017) to measure the Vocational Interest and the socio-economic status scale developed by Prof. Ashok k. Kalla& Mr. Sudhir Sahu (2012) to measure the socio economic status. The data were analyzed with the help of Mean, S.D. and t-test to study the vocational interest of secondary school students of Dakshin Dinajpur District in relation socio-economic status. The study revealed that there is a significant difference between the Vocational Interests of urban and rural students and Gender variations are not evident in Vocational Interests among secondary school students. Vocational Interests and socioeconomic status are negatively correlated. The findings from this study have implications for the teachers or educators to acquire knowledge of the Vocational interests of urban and rural students. It also exaggerates the necessity of educational and vocational guidance and counselling at the stage of secondary school.
Enabling and Impeding Factors in the Provision of Business, Vocational, Entrepreneurship, and Technical Training Education under COVID-19
Authors: Oola James , Olema David Kani , Atibuni Dennis Zami , Omara Denis
Published: April 2023

Education systems have been grossly negatively impacted by COVID-19 globally. Education Institutions including universities, colleges, and elementary schools were closed to prevent the disease from spreading. Lockdown and social distancing are some of the disease preventive measures that imposed the greatest challenges on the education system. Different training and learning strategies were adopted to ensure continuity in the provision of Business, Vocational, Entrepreneurship, and Technical Training (BTVET) education across the globe. These strategies include individual learning, online or remote training, and focus group discussion. Several Scholarly studies show that it was not easy for developing countries like some African countries to adopt the online or remote education mechanism while the developed ones took a temporary short period to adjust to the new system. In this article, we used systematic literature review methodology to examine the enabling and impeding factors associated with COVID-19 pandemic that impacted the provision of BTVET education in African the setting right from the onset of the pandemic. We also identify mitigation strategies that should be put in place to abate similar future occurrence. We argue that the lack of strategic foresight in emergency readiness was a major cause of national failures to promptly combat COVID-19 in most African countries including Uganda. BTVET education in Uganda was not spared the bitter effects of the pandemic. However, the pandemic taught a number of hard lessons to the Government of Uganda to strategically outmaneuver the effects of the pandemic. We recommend a number of strategies for outmaneuvering any future effects of pandemics on the provision of BTVET education in Uganda.
Research on the Factors Influencing the Enthusiasm to Learn Professional Courses of College Students Majoring in Mathematics
Authors: Tao Jianing , Yang Zezhong
Published: April 2023

It is important to analyze the influencing factors of college students' enthusiasm to learn professional courses, in order to fully mobilize their enthusiasm to learn professional courses, enrich their professional knowledge, and improve the quality of university teaching. This study uses questionnaires and multiple linear regression analysis to investigate the main factors influencing the enthusiasm to learn professional courses of college students majoring in mathematics and came to the following conclusions: (1) Considering the four dimensions of personal, school, society and family, personal factors are the main factors influencing the enthusiasm to learn professional courses of college students majoring in mathematics. (2) Considering the specific factors, self-management, teacher-student relationship, and employment situation are the main factors influencing the enthusiasm to learn professional courses of college students majoring in mathematics. Based on the above analysis, targeted suggestions are made: First, students themselves should play active initiative and strengthen their self-management awareness. Secondly, teachers of professional courses should strengthen communication with students and establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students. Third, society should actively provide a platform for college students to choose their careers and employment, and create a fair and just social employment environment.
Effective Adsorption of Ag–TiO2 Using a Cu-containing Solution
Authors: Kaneko Masayoshi
Published: April 2023

Titanium dioxide is hard to coat on glass or boehmite at low pH. In this study, a method to coat titanium dioxide functionalized by Ag on the glass surfaces using a Cu-containing solution is proposed. This method facilitated the coating of titanium dioxide functionalized by Ag on glass surfaces using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). Results showed that Ag–TiO2 nanoparticles can be coated on Al and glass surfaces. Furthermore, they can be coated on boehmite at low pH without using APTMS.
Effect of Organic Source of Nutrients on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
Authors: Bhattarai Srijana , Bhatta Sandesh , Shriswastav C. P. , Subedi Jeevan
Published: April 2023

Organic source of nutrient has effect on soil physico-chemical properties, growth and yield of cabbage. To determine the effect of organic source of nutrients on soil physio-chemical properties, growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Field experiment was conducted on acidic sandy loam soil of Horticulture farm at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, from 5th December 2020 to 26th March 2021.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Special NPK granules, Carbon based, Vermicompost, Obifert, Neem seed cake, Poultry manure, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Mustard oil seed cake and Goat manure were used as treatments along with control. Application of poultry manure significantly increased plant height (22.33 cm) with least number of unfolded leaves (7.33), highest head diameter (106.40 cm) and head yield (45.51 t/ha) of cabbage. Bulk density was not statistically significantly influenced by the application of organic source of nutrients. Significantly higher available Phosphorous content in soil was found with the application of mustard oil seed cake (118.58 kg/ha) and available Potassium content was higher with the application of Goat manure (206.69 kg/ha). Nitrogen content of cabbage head (3.25%) and cabbage root (1.43%) was significantly higher with the application of Poultry manure. Mustard oil seed cake obtained highest Nitrogen harvest index (94.46%) and Nitrogen recovery percentage (66.47%). The yield efficiency (228.13kg head/kg N) was highest with the application of poultry manure. To attain highest yield of cabbage with higher Nutrient use efficiency and enhanced physico-chemical properties of soil, application of Poultry manure might be optimum for acidic sandy loam soil of Chitwan.
A Study on the Optimum Water Use in Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Ghosh Uddipta , Banerjee Debargha , Bose Sumit , Das Aliviya , Das Dipankar , Barua Rohit , Saha Somnath , Acharjee Debadrita , Sahoo Suvasis , Sadhukhan Wriju , Kazi Soukat
Published: April 2023

This study was undertaken to determine the optimum water use in drip irrigation system. Drip irrigation is the practice where water is applied at a rate almost equal to the consumptive use of the plant. In an average irrigation system, the losses of water take place in the form of deep percolation, conveyance and evaporation. The monthly average evapo-transpiration of bananas was found 3.969 mm/day at Kalyani, district Nadia. The average monthly evaporation obtained for Kalyani, Nadia was found 1.9775 mm/day. It was also observed that the lowest (0.99 mm/day) and highest (3.68 mm/day) values of evaporation occurred at Kalyani in December and May, respectively. For banana (Musa spp.) spacing 2m x 2m, actual water used by the plant for a crop season was found to be 4686.287 l/plant. It was found that dripper with discharge rate of 0.5 l/hr is most suitable for banana cultivation at Kalyani, Nadia. The final water saving upto 45.62 % is possible with the proper management of the system we adopted. In our present research, we have observed some dissimilarity in values of soil evaporation that occurred when pan evaporation exceeded 4.5 mm/day. So it can further study for more efficient procedures to calculate the evaporation from the soil surface.
Use of Waste Plastics as Building Materials- A New Step in Sustainable Construction Technology
Authors: Banerjee Debargha , Das Debasish , Ghosh Uddipta , Paul Koushik Kumar , Sharma Anuj Kumar , Sharma Animesh Kumar , Shil Ankita , Malakar Lipan , Saha Puja , Ray Gulshan Kumar , Halder Subhadeep
Published: April 2023

The dangerous problem in the contemporary world is plastic trash. This problem represents the biggest danger to civilization. These plastic wastes have a negative impact on the aquatic life, and they also cause the sea water's quality to decline. We look for practical answers to the problem of plastic pollution. Consequently, action is done to create the plastic bricks from waste plastic. It is the most economical option presently being used in the construction industry. It is also advantageous for the environment. In our research, we gathered waste plastic from the neighbourhood municipality, mixed it with the appropriate amount of sand (0.8 kg of plastic and 3.2 kg of sand), and burned it correctly in a pit so that the plastic melted easily. We then poured this mixture into a brick mould and let it sit for a few hours. It is demoulded and kept available for laboratory tests after three to four hours. The water absorption test result and compressive strength result given in Table 2 indicates that the plastic brick is definitely an alternative solution of clay brick and from Table 3 it is also concluded that plastic bricks are economical for use.
Microbiological Evaluation of Fresh Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Obtained from Selected Markets and Ponds in Minna Metropolis
Authors: Ohuoba Elizabeth Ugbede , Okonkwo Thomas M. , Rashidi Isah Laisi , Oluwafunmike Amoran Omolola , Chukwuebuka Igweagu Christian , Nwakaego Eugene Felicia , Maxwell Y. M. O. , Zubair A. B.
Published: April 2023

This research aimed at evaluating the microbiological quality of fresh catfish (Clarias gariepinus) sold in three different markets and ponds in Minna metropolis. The total plate counts from Bosso pond are 2.7 × 102 cfu/mL   and 3.8 × 102   cfu/mL (satisfactory) for skin and gills respectively. Kure pond includes total plate counts of 4.7 × 103  cfu/mL and 3.3 × 102 cfu/mL (satisfactory) for skin and gills respectively while Mobil pond had total plate counts of  2.5 × 103 cfu/mL and 2.5 × 102 cfu/mL on skin and gills respectively. The total coliforms counts from Bosso pond are 3.8 × 102   cfu/mL  and 3.0 × 101   cfu/mL (satisfactory) for skin and gills respectively. Kure pond includes total coliforms counts of 2.4 × 102 cfu/mL and 2.6 × 102 cfu/mL (satisfactory) for skin and gills respectively while Mobil pond had total coliforms counts of 4.6 × 103 cfu/mL and 3.2 × 104 cfu/mL on skin and gills respectively. The coliforms  count of fresh catfish (Clarias gariepinus) obtained from three markets locations are  total coliforms counts from Bosso market are 5.6 × 104   cfu/mL and 4.0 × 105    cfu/mL (Unsatisfactory) for skin and gills respectively. Kure market includes total coliforms counts of 1.6 × 103   cfu/mL and 7.2 × 103 cfu/mL (satisfactory) for skin and gills respectively while Mobil market had total coliforms counts of 6.0 × 104 cfu/mL and 4.8 × 104 cfu/mL  (Marginal) on skin and gills respectively.

 The fungal count of fresh catfish (Clarias gariepinus) obtained from three markets locations are   Bosso market 1.3 × 102    cfu/mL and 1.5 × 101   cfu/mL (satisfactory) for skin and gills respectively. Kure market 2.0 × 103   cfu/mL and 1.0 × 102 cfu/mL (satisfactory) for skin and gills respectively while Mobil market had total fungal counts of 1.7 × 104  cfu/mL and 1.7 × 102 cfu/mL on skin and gills respectively.

The following bacteria were isolated Escherichia coli, Bacillus substilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas species, Streptococcus species, Shigella species and Enterobacter species. The fungi isolated were Rhizopus spp and Aspergillus niger.
Response of Phosphorus and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Summer Groundnut
Authors: Sanjay Chintale Yallaling , Dawson Joy , Kumar Kuruva Ravi , Mahesh Shingare
Published: April 2023

The experiment was carried out during the Zaid season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice with three levels of application of Phosphorus 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1 and three levels of foliar application of Molybdenum 0.05%, 0.15%, 0.25% and control (RDF 20-40-60 kg ha-1NPK). Result revealed that higher plant height (67.83 cm), plant dry weight (35.27g), number of pods plant-1 (25.37), kernel yield (2.14 t ha-1), haulm yield (3.23t ha-1), gross return (INR 137458.00 ha-1), net return (INR 90113.60 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.90) was found in treatment (T8)with the application of Phosphorus at 60 kg ha-1 along with Molybdenum 0.15% whereas number of nodules plant-1 (103.67) was obtained by the application of Phosphorus at the rate 60 kg ha-1 along with Molybdenum 0.25% in treatment (T9).
Factors Influencing Use of Personalized Asthma Action Plans among Adult Patients Aged 18-65 in Nyamira County Kenya
Authors: Thomas Obara L. , Faith Muhonja , Justus Simba
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Globally the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to 334 million people suffer from asthma. In Kenya it is estimated that about 10% of the Kenyan population, or 4 million people, have asthma.

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess factors influencing the use of personalized asthma action plans among patients aged 18-65 in Nyamira County.

Methodology: Cross-sectional study design was employed in this research. Participants were selected using systematic sampling. Significant differences in categorical variables were found using the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: The study sample size was 220 asthma patients. Findings showed that majority did not use PAAPs with a response of 168(76.4%) respondents while those who used were 52(23.6%). Knowledge on PAAPs was low at 160(72.7%) against, 60(27.3%) who were knowledgeable. There was poor attitude and practices on use of PAAPs. Statistically there were significant association between the various patients’ factors influencing use of asthma action plans among adult asthmatic patients with a p = 0. 021. Among the health care givers, on knowledge of PAAPs 3 had knowledge while 3 did not. Among those who had knowledge the practice on use was low in which majority indicated that they don’t discuss and prescribe PAAPs with a response of 5 while 1 do. Statistically there were significant association on the health care workers’ factors influencing use of PAAPs at p = 0.03. Lack of training was a key institutional factor hindering use in which 3 (60.0%) had received training in the last 6 months while 2(40.0%) had not received. Statistically there were significant association on the institutional factors influencing use of PAAPs at p = 0.004.

Conclusion: From the respondent’s majority of the patients were found not to be using the personalized asthma action plan cards. Lack of knowledge was a leading factor among the patient’s respondents. There was also a poor attitude reported in the patients’ respondents in which majority felt that they were for very sick patients. Among the health care givers; only one out of the six had this template/card in their office. Although half of the health care givers had general knowledge but it was not demonstrated in the use of PAAPs hence showing a gap in some specific skills needed. More workload and lack of these templates in the clinics were the major institutional factors hindering use of these tools.
Investigating the Impact of Construction in Urban Areas on Air Pollution in the Troposphere Using Sentinel Satellite Images: A Case Study in District 22 West of Tehran, Iran
Authors: Nouri Paniz , Vahidi Sara , Hatamzadeh Vahid , Afshinfar Afshin , Karimi Shokofeh
Published: April 2023

In recent years removing environmental pollution has become one of the main concerns of human life. Air quality in cities depends on weather conditions and the amount of pollutants produced. Today, air pollution is one of the most complex problems of human societies, which has left many negative effects on the health of living beings, especially humans. In this research, the average monthly and annual concentrations of air contaminators in the air pollution measurement stations of the General Directorate of Environmental Protection of Tehran province in the years 2013 to 2019 were examined. By using google earth engine site [1].  Processes that GEE (Google Earth Engine) contains a consolidated resource of open-access RS (Remote Sensing) datasets, along with a variety of algorithms to extract information for Earth’s surface monitoring [2], and using maximum likelihood classification method it recognized that examining the spatial changes of pollutants in the areas where there was more construction, the amount of contaminators was also higher. In terms of time, however, no special changes have been observed for all gases. For AI (Aerosol Index) pollutant, no very specific changes were observed within the region. We have seen a growing trend for carbon monoxide pollutant. For the nitrogen oxide pollutant, we have not seen any growth during this period of time. For sulfur dioxide, we have seen a growing trend. Also, in terms of seasonal changes, air pollutants are more concentrated in winter.
Contribuições da Coordenação de Empreendedorismo e Desenvolvimento Empresarial e Social do Centro de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico da UnB para as Diretrizes Estratégicas da Política de Inovação Institucional
Authors: Mainel Amanda , Cruz Tania Cristina , Chiarello Marileusa D.
Published: April 2023

A Lei da Inovação definiu o conceito de inovação no Brasil e pautou a criação dos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológicas (NIT) nas Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICTs) para, entre outras atribuições, incentivar o empreendedorismo e a inovação. O artigo fez um estudo de caso das contribuições da Coordenação de Empreendedorismo e Desenvolvimento Empresarial e Social (CEDES) do Centro de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico da UnB (CDT), que atua como seu Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica (NIT) para a implementação das diretrizes estratégicas da Política de Inovação institucional (PI/UnB), por meio de uma pesquisa de campo e uma ampla investigação documental e de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados dos indicadores relacionados ao empreendedorismo de impacto e inovação no período de 2017 a 2021 comprovaram o papel fundamental da CEDES para a implementação das diretrizes estratégicas correspondentes elencadas na política de inovação da Universidade de Brasília, apesar dos impactos negativos causados pela pandemia de SARS-COV-2.
Da Implantação do Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica às Estratégias da Gestão da Propriedade Intelectual: um estudo de caso na Agência de Inovação do Instituto Federal do Paraná
Authors: Pabis Junior Tadeu , Ribeiro Gutemberg , Steindel Mário
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho analisa as estratégias adotadas pelo Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR), por meio de sua Agência de Inovação, para a gestão da Propriedade Intelectual (PI) a partir da criação dos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica (NITs) em 2017. O estudo compartilha práticas implementadas e desafios esperados. Foram utilizadas como base para a avaliação do desempenho dos NITs do IFPR as métricas de sucesso dos NITs do relatório Fortec. Metodologicamente trata-se de uma pesquisa básica, quali-quantitativa, descritiva, efetivada por meio de estudo de caso. A partir da implementação das estratégias de gestão da PI, 148 comunicações de invenção foram recebidas no período de 2017 a 2021. Destas, 95 foram protocoladas no INPI e 34 foram concedidas, com destaque para patentes e programas de computador. Os principais desafios identificados são a necessidade de adoção de estratégias para alavancar acordos de licenciamento e de contratos de pesquisa colaborativa.
A Utilização do Concreto Estrutural com Adição de Fibras não Metálicas na Construção Civil, uma Prospecção Tecnológica
Authors: Discher Marcos Gottschalg , Fortes Adriano Silva , Araújo Marcio  Luis Valença
Published: April 2023

A adição de fibras no concreto vem se mostrando uma ferramenta eficaz para o melhoramento do desempenho e da durabilidade de elementos estruturais nas edificações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo sobre a utilização de fibras não metálicas no concreto, identificando os tipos mais utilizados e as áreas de aplicação. Para isso, foi realizada prospecção tecnológica por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória com uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, apoiando-se nos resultados das publicações científicas da CAPES e Web of Science, e patentárias do INPI e Orbit. A prospecção apontou um crescimento do estudo da temática nos últimos dez anos, havendo uma liderança na utilização das fibras sintética, seguido pelas fibras poliméricas e em terceiro as fibras vegetais, sendo que, o concreto com a adição de fibras, vem sendo utilizado principalmente nas áreas em que a agressividade ambiental, a abrasão e os esforções de tração são determinantes para a estabilidade estrutural.
Bancos Comunitários e Moedas Sociais Digitais como Mecanismos de Inclusão Financeira e Economia Solidária: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Cruz Douglas Aleixo Santos da , Oliveira Raimundo Corrêa de , Freitas Silvia Regina Sampaio
Published: April 2023

O crescimento e o desenvolvimento econômico, aliados à redução das desigualdades sociais, são os principais objetivos a serem alcançados pela sociedade moderna que não encontrou o necessário equilíbrio entre a criação de riquezas e a sua distribuição. No Brasil, a cidadania financeira esbarra na desbancarização, atingindo mais de 34 milhões de pessoas. Embora pujante, o sistema bancário brasileiro não alcança os menos favorecidos, ocasionando a exclusão financeira e a potencialização das desigualdades sociais. Este trabalho discutiu como os Bancos Comunitários de Desenvolvimento, por meio de suas moedas sociais, proporcionam a inclusão financeira de pessoas que não têm acesso aos serviços bancários tradicionais, comprovando a sua eficácia com evidências de implementações bem-sucedidas. Por meio da revisão sistemática da literatura, concluiu-se que os Bancos Comunitários de Desenvolvimento vêm desempenhando importante papel no alívio da desigualdade social, permitindo que pessoas das classes mais baixas possam promover a circulação de riquezas dentro de suas comunidades.
O Instituto do Sigilo e Confidencialidade Como Ferramenta de Apoio à Propriedade Intelectual na UFOPA
Authors: Lima Jackson Sousa , Sousa Jordanno Sarmento de , Ramos Filho José Roberto Branco , Pinheiro Antônio do Socorro Ferreira
Published: April 2023

As ICTs, com o auxílio dos NITs, têm o desafio de implementar suas Políticas de Inovação no ambiente acadêmico, elaborando instrumentos jurídicos com objetivo de regulamentar normas internas para viabilizar a transferência de tecnologia. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a Política de Sigilo e Confidencialidade, instrumento jurídico necessário para orientar as relações de transferência de tecnologia, adequando o ambiente acadêmico ao contexto regulatório. A pesquisa sob a perspectiva da natureza e abordagem foi classificada como aplicada e qualitativa, e, em relação aos seus objetivos, enquadrada como exploratória. A liberdade de socialização do conhecimento foi um dos fatores mais discutidos no âmbito do estudo, porquanto a IFES tem como um de seus princípios a universalidade do conhecimento, logo, a norma não poderia prejudicar as publicações acadêmicas. Dessa forma, a pesquisa trouxe a importância do sigilo e da confidencialidade como ferramenta de apoio à propriedade intelectual na Ufopa.
Mapeamento Tecnológico de Patentes Acerca de Espidroína: uma visão geral sobre o mercado da seda de aranha
Authors: Ruas Filho Marcelo Musa , Angeli Renata , Pinheiro Anderson S.
Published: April 2023

O interesse pelo desenvolvimento de tecnologias envolvendo a espidroína, principal componente da seda de aranha, tem crescido exponencialmente desde 2000. Esse crescimento encontra-se fundamentado nas propriedades excepcionais desse biomaterial, como extrema resistência, maleabilidade, biocompatibilidade e biodegradabilidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o desenvolvimento tecnológico do mercado da seda de aranha. Para isso, foram realizadas buscas de patentes e de artigos científicos relacionados à espidroína. A evolução temporal, os principais atores desse setor e as principais aplicações dos produtos à base de espidroína foram discutidos. Os resultados sugerem um crescimento expressivo na utilização da espidroína biossintética nas últimas décadas, em especial, nos mercados têxtil e biomédico, impulsionado pelos avanços tecnológicos que permitiram sua produção em larga escala. Japão e China são os principais detentores desse conhecimento. Esses países surgiram com grande predominância no cenário mundial a partir de 2015 e, atualmente, encontram-se à frente nesta corrida tecnológica.
Propostas de Estratégias de Marketing para Valorização de Produtos de Indicações Geográficas de Alagoas
Authors: Lopes Willams Pereira , Santa Rita Luciana Peixoto , Pinto Filho Jovino , Bittencourt Ibsen Mateus
Published: April 2023

Esta pesquisa teve como propósito estruturar estratégias mercadológicas para a valorização de produtos de Indicação Geográfica (IG) de Alagoas. Possui natureza aplicada, utilizando o método abdutivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Seu objetivo é exploratório, pois utiliza como método de pesquisa o metaestudo, com o levantamento de dados por meio de survey, pesquisa-ação e Design Science Research. Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, bem como observação direta intensiva e extensiva, e foram tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se que há desestruturação da governança local, algo que impacta no acesso a novos mercados e na promoção comercial, causando distorcido posicionamento; que inexiste política pública estruturada de incentivo às IGs como estratégia de desenvolvimento territorial; e que não há profissionalização da gestão empresarial nas IGs. Ao final, foram recomendadas ações estratégicas para os agentes que integram esse ambiente de negócio.
Múltiplas Proteções por Direito de Propriedade Intelectual ao Programa de Computador e Análise de Jurisprudência
Authors: Pierozan Felipe , Islabão Genizia Islabão de , Schuler Erik
Published: April 2023

Devido à massiva produção de programas de computador para as mais diversas aplicações, as possibilidades de proteção desses ativos devem, também, ser compreendidas e bem avaliadas pelos desenvolvedores. Este trabalho propõe a identificação das diferentes possibilidades de proteção por direito de propriedade intelectual ao programa de computador, enquanto apresenta uma análise jurisprudencial de ações envolvendo violações a esses direitos. O estudo, de cunho exploratório, baseou-se na identificação e na análise das formas de proteção, em especial o registro de direito de autor, as invenções implementadas em computador e o desenho industrial, indicando as características de cada uma, bem como as vantagens de sua utilização. As buscas por jurisprudências, baseadas na utilização de palavras-chave, reforçam a importância da proteção do programa. Resultados indicam que a utilização de múltiplas proteções deve ser buscada sempre que possível, o que é respaldado pela análise das ações judiciais envolvidas.
Estudo do Ambiente de Inovação de Petrópolis, RJ: parque tecnológico, incubadora de empresa e atores do ecossistema
Authors: Fonseca Marcelo Luiz Mendes da , Silva Elizabeth Ferreira da
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos em pesquisa de doutorado cujo objetivo geral foi realizar um diagnóstico do ambiente de inovação de Petrópolis, RJ, composto de incubadora de empresas e empresas vinculadas, parque tecnológico e atores do ecossistema. O foco da pesquisa foi as empresas incubadas e graduadas na Incubadora LNCC e buscou-se identificar as dificuldades desses atores de forma a contribuir para a proposição de políticas públicas e ações de apoio ao empreendedorismo inovador. Os resultados evidenciaram que o Tecnopolo da Cidade Imperial ainda se encontra imaturo, próximo da fase inicial da estruturação do seu ambiente inovador. As ações praticadas ainda são pontuais e restritas às condições iniciais de acesso ao ambiente de incubação com poucas relações com os atores locais, sem ou pouca participação em rede de conhecimento fora do território. O estudo reforça os fatores de sucesso do ambiente inovador elencados pela literatura do milieu innovateur, na qual é apontado que há a necessidade de uma forte estruturação de conhecimento (dinâmica de aprendizagem e cooperação entre os atores).
Daratumumab for a Patient With Refractory Antineutrophil Cytoplasmatic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Rixecker Torben M. , Lepper Philipp M. , Mang Sebastian , Espig Pascal , Brill Katharina , Thurner Lorenz , Bittenbring Joerg Thomas
Published: April 2023

This case reports on a patient with antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody–associated vasculitis and severe pulmonary and cutaneous involvement who received conventional therapy that failed and who was rescued by daratumumab therapy.
AI‐enabled blockchain and SDN‐integrated IoT security architecture for cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhang Jie , Zhang Tianhui
Published: April 2023

To address the IoT security problem, in this paper we propose and evaluate the DDoS attack mitigation method based on blockchain, and construct a DDoS abnormal information detection and sharing model. The obtained experimental results show that when the number of decision trees increases, the training time of the DDoS attack detection model based on the RF model grows with a minimum trend of 14 s. The testing time is finally maintained at 1 s, and the recognition accuracy of DDoS attacks keeps improving, ultimately reaching over 99.8%. If the amount of DDoS abnormal traffic information exceeds 100 pieces and 2000 pieces, it only takes 0.1 and 5 s to sign the DDoS abnormal traffic information using ECDSA algorithm digitally. The signature verification only takes 0.1 and 9 s, respectively. And compared to conventional network physical system IoT security architecture, a network physical system IoT security architecture that integrates AI empowerment, blockchain, and SDN integration has a higher joint defense success rate. It can be explained that this scheme will be conducive to promoting joint defense against DDoS attacks and ensuring the security of the Internet of Things.
Regulating Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Resonance Effects to Realize Ultrawide Bandgap Conjugated Polymer for High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Cai Mian , Shang Chenyu , Bi Fuzhen , Feng Fan , Du Zhengkun , Sun Cheng , Li Yonghai , Bao Xichang
Published: April 2023

All‐polymer solar cells (APSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to the superior stability and mechanical flexibility. However, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of APSCs fall behind ascribed to limited efficient polymer donors (PDs). Particularly, there are rare reports of high‐performance PDs with ultrawide bandgaps, which are indispensable to maximally harvest high‐energy photons for better light utilization. Herein, the significance of intramolecular charge transfer and quinoid resonance effects in regulating bandgaps of donor‐acceptor conjugated materials is highlighted, and a novel polymer donor PBPD based on phenyl/pyridyl fused phenanthridine (PD) moiety is reported. Consequently, PBPD receives an ultrawide optical bandgap up to 2.24 eV and strong absorptivity at 487–523 nm, which exactly follows the strongest radiation of solar spectrum. The amplified light utilization of high‐energy photons endows PBPD:PY‐IT based APSCs with high power conversion efficiency of 15.29%, which ranks the best among APSCs with ultrawide bandgap PDs and challenges typical PDs with bandgaps of ≈1.80 eV. Thanks to the unique light responses and molecular orientations of PBPD, the PBPD‐contained ternary APSCs receive further optimized photon utilization and refined PCEs over 17%. This study sheds light on the design principles of ultrawide bandgap polymers and demonstrates the great promise of large bandgap PDs for efficient APSCs.
Graphene‐Enhanced Metal Transfer Printing for Strong van der Waals Contacts between 3D Metals and 2D Semiconductors
Authors: Qi Dianyu , Li Peng , Ou Haohui , Wu Di , Lian Weiguang , Wang Zhuo , Ouyang Fangping , Chai Yang , Zhang Wenjing
Published: April 2023

2D semiconductors have shown great potentials for ultra‐short channel field‐effect transistors (FETs) in next‐generation electronics. However, because of intractable surface states and interface barriers, it is challenging to realize high‐quality contacts with low contact resistances for both p‐ and n‐ 2D FETs. Here, a graphene‐enhanced van der Waals (vdWs) integration approach is demonstrated, which is a multi‐scale (nanometer to centimeter scale) and reliable (≈100% yield) metal transfer strategy applicable to various metals and 2D semiconductors. Scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that 2D/2D/3D semiconductor/graphene/metal interfaces are atomically flat, ultraclean, and defect‐free. First principles calculations indicate that the sandwiched graphene monolayer can eliminate gap states induced by 3D metals in 2D semiconductors. Through this approach, Schottky barrier‐free contacts are realized on both p‐ and n‐type 2D FETs, achieving p‐type MoTe2, p‐type black phosphorus and n‐type MoS2 FETs with on‐state current densities of 404, 1520, and 761 µA µm−1, respectively, which are among the highest values reported in literature.
Near‐Infrared‐I to III Absorption and Emission via Core Engineering of Open‐Shelled Organic Mixed‐Valence Systems
Authors: Song Qiuyan , Xu Manman , Zhang Baoli , He Mingxu , Guo Xindong , Nie Jun , Xing Yue , Liang Xiubing , Chang Yincheng
Published: April 2023

A novel class of agents is developed based on the core engineering of open‐shelled organic mixed‐valence (MV) systems, which enable tunable absorption and emission across the near infrared (NIR)‐I to III biowindow (700–1850 nm) by adjusting the number of central nitrogen oxidation sites and the length of the conjugated bridge. Organic mixed‐valence (MV) systems are synthesized through a one‐step partial chemical oxidation of starburst oligoarylamines, with varying nitrogen oxidation sites and conjugated bridge lengths, including tris(4‐[diethylamino]phenyl)aminen+ (T4EPAn+), N,N,N',N'‐tetrakis(4‐[diisobutylamino]phenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenediaminen+ (TPDAn+), and N,N,N',N'‐tetrakis(4‐methoxyphenyl)benzidinen+ (TMPBn+). The absorption wavelength of the MV systems redshifted clearly as the number of central nitrogen oxidation sites increased or the conjugated bridge length is prolonged. T4EPAn+ with one central nitrogen oxidation site exhibits fluorescence emission in the range of 900–1400 nm, while TPDAn+ with two central nitrogen oxidation sites demonstrate strong heat generation capabilities. Additionally, the absorption peak of TMPBn+ with a biphenyl conjugated bridge reaches up to 1610 nm. Especially, these MV systems are highly stable for biological applications due to their high steric hindrance and hyperconjugation effect. These characteristics make MV systems promising candidates for constructing NIR‐I/II/III emitters and photothermal agents, representing a significant advance toward developing the next generation of NIR‐I to III agents.