bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an electronic interface for diagnostics of photovoltaic strings
Authors: Celi Edoardo , Minuto Alessandro , Timò Gianluca
Published: November 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) systems can generate less energy than expected owing to inefficiency of the inverter, deterioration of the PV modules or conditions of partial shading and soiling. The monitoring and diagnosis techniques of PV systems are therefore quite important to recognize the causes of the performances reduction and optimize the PV energy production. For a more in-depth diagnostic capability, it would be necessary to know the short-circuit current (Isc) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the PV system. These quantities are indeed useful to recognize non-uniform operating conditions of the PV modules (partial shadings, malfunctions, generic electro-optical mismatch conditions), estimate the PV module junction temperature and the voltage temperature coefficient. However, so far, these quantities cannot be measured by the inverter in operative conditions. With this contribution we propose and test a new electronic interface for a more advanced diagnostics of the PV system to be easily installed between the PV string and the inverter, able to measure the values of Isc and Voc as well as the inverter voltage, current and power working points, avoiding any downtime of the PV system and minimizing the power losses during the diagnosis activity.
Augmentation of Electroconvulsive Therapy with Oral Caffeine: A
Retrospective Analysis of 40 Patients with Major Depression
Authors: Nyhuis Peter , Mücke Dorothea , Specka Michael , Scherbaum Norbert
Published: November 2023

Objective Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of injectable caffeine as
an augmentation method in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This study
investigated whether orally administered caffeine increases seizure duration
during ECT.

Methods Medical records of 40 patients treated with a series of ECT were
retrospectively analyzed. Patients whose electroencephalogram (EEG) seizure
duration had dropped<30 s, or motor seizure
duration<15 s were included. They subsequently received oral
caffeine (0.2 g) before ECT sessions. Primary outcomes were EEG seizure
duration and motor seizure duration, compared with those from the last
pre-caffeine session (baseline) and the first five caffeine-augmented sessions.
The mental state was assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).
In addition, data on maximum heart rate, maximal arterial pressure, and adverse
effects were collected.

Results The EEG seizure duration increased by 14.9 s (52%)
on average between baseline and the first caffeine-augmented session. The
increased length remained widely stable over the subsequent ECT sessions. EEG
seizure duration was>30 s in more than 80% of sessions.
A statistically significant increase in motor seizure duration appeared only in
the 2nd and 3rd of five sessions with augmentation. Oral
caffeine pretreatment was overall well tolerated. The percentage of patients
with at least serious mental impairment (GAF score≤50) dropped from 77.5
to 15%.

Conclusions Results suggest the utility of oral caffeine (0.2 g)
to increase ECT-induced seizures in patients with durations below clinically
significant thresholds.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress Inflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide Exposed Preterm and Term Human Pregnant Myometrial Cells
Authors: Mani Arunmani , Hotra John , Blackwell Sean C. , Goetzl Laura , Refuerzo Jerrie S.
Published: November 2023

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the cytokine response in human pregnant preterm and term myometrial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cocultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Study Design Myometrium was obtained at cesarean delivery in term and preterm patients. Human myometrial cells were exposed to 5 μg/mL LPS for 4 hours followed by 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 hours and were cocultured with MSCs for 24 hours. Culture supernatants were collected at 24 hours and expression of cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL-10, was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results There was significantly increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in preterm myometrial cells treated with LPS compared with untreated preterm myometrial cells. Coculture with MSCs significantly suppressed the proinflammatory cytokine levels in LPS-treated preterm versus treated term myometrial cells. Moreover, MSC cocultured preterm myometrial cells expressed increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 compared with treated term myometrial cells.

Conclusion MSCs ameliorate LPS-mediated inflammation in preterm human myometrial cells compared with term myometrial cells. Immunomodulatory effects of MSCs mediated through anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation suggest a potential cell-based therapy for preterm birth.
Adolescent-Onset Epilepsy: Clinical Features and Predictive Factors for First-Year Seizure Freedom
Authors: Kim Jon Soo , Woo Hyewon , Lee Jae Hee , Kim Won Seop
Published: November 2023

Background Teenagers with epilepsy require special attention to ensure a successful treatment journey. Our objective was to delineate the clinical characteristics of adolescent-onset epilepsy (AOE) and investigate the predictive factors influencing first-year seizure freedom.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients whose first seizure occurred between the ages of 10 and 19 years and who received antiseizure medication (ASM) treatment for at least 12 months.

Results A total of 67 patients were included, with an average age of 13.5 ± 2.3 years at the onset of their first seizure. The average follow-up period was 45.2 ± 16.9 months, and comorbid conditions were present in 23 patients (34.3%). The majority of the patient population (83.6%) was affected by generalized epilepsy. The most common epilepsy syndrome was epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone at 70.1% (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 11.9%, juvenile absence epilepsy 1.5%). Regarding ASM treatment, 31 patients (46.3%) received monotherapy, and 28 (41.8%) received dual therapy. Five patients (7.5%) encountered issues related to medication adherence. First-year seizure freedom was observed in 42 patients (62.7%). In multivariate analysis, a negative family history of epilepsy (odds ratio 12.1, 95% confidence interval 1.27–115.44, p = 0.030) was identified as a strong predictive factor of first-year seizure freedom, along with ASM monotherapy (odds ratio 3.99, 95% confidence interval 1.05–15.21, p = 0.043).

Conclusion These findings suggest that AOE typically exhibits effective control of seizures. A negative family history of epilepsy and ASM monotherapy emerges as robust predictor of achieving favorable outcomes within the early stage of treatment.
Peripheral Bone Removal versus Sequential Drilling Protocol in Dental Implant Surgery: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Alhamdani Faaiz Yaqub , Hassan Ahmad Fliah , Hussein Hashim Mueen
Published: November 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the immediate success rate between peripheral bone removal (PBR) and conventional sequential drilling protocols.

Materials and Methods Biographic data of 130 Iraqi patients who attended a private dental implant center in Baghdad between January 7, 2018 and February 30, 2023 were collected. During this period, 198 dental implant procedures were completed. The recorded data included the zone of implantation, immediate or delayed implant, sinus lift procedure, dental implant system, bone augmentation, and dental implant length and diameter.

Statistical Analysis SPSS Ver. 25 was used for statistical analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied.

Results In total, 198 dental implant procedures were performed during the study period. Of these, 104 cases were treated with the PBR protocol and 94 with the conventional drilling protocol. Out of 130 patients included in this study, 70 were treated with the PBR (IBS) technique and 60 patients were treated with the conventional dental implant systems. The early success of osseointegration reported in this study for all of the cases exceeded 93%. The PBR protocol was successful in 96 cases (92.3%), whereas early success of osseointegration in patients treated with the conventional protocol was reported in 89 cases (94.7%). The chi-squared test showed no statistically significant difference in the early success rate between the two dental implant protocols (p = 0.575).

Conclusion In terms of immediate success, the PBR technique appears to be a reliable drilling technique. However, further longitudinal studies need to explore its potential to replace the sequential drilling protocol.
Spinal Epidural Hematoma Caused by Pure Epidural Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Garbin Elisa , Cavasin Nicola , Magrini Salima
Published: November 2023

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) represents an extremely rare cause of spinal cord compression. Symptomatic pure extradural spinal AVMs (E-sAVM), in the absence of cavernous hemangiomas, are very rare and have rarely been reported. The clinical presentation of SEH caused by E-sAVM is often nonspecific and may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. We report the case of a 16-year-old adolescent girl who presented with paraparesis that rapidly evolved in paraplegia. Emergent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the whole spine showed a posterior SEH, extending from C7 to T2, highly suspicious for the presence of an underlying AVM. The patient underwent emergent C7–T2 laminoplasty. An E-sAVM was intraoperatively found and subsequently excised. The patient was discharged with no neurological defects. E-sAVMs are extremely rare pathologies; they represent an extremely rare cause of spinal cord compression. If immediately diagnosed and treated, most patients recover with good prognosis.
Unequal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on researchers: evidence from Chile and Colombia
Authors: Gil Magdalena , Hurtado-Acuna Constanza , Quiero-Bastías Máximo , Narea Marigen , Caqueo-Urízar Alejandra
Published: November 2023

The adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientific work and outputs have been a growing global concern after significant and varied effects have been reported in the United States and Europe. Looking to gain insight into the impact of the pandemic in Latin America, we designed and administered an anonymous online survey to researchers based in Chile or Colombia. The survey was implemented in July–August 2020, as the continent was declared the epicentre of COVID-19, and total lockdowns were enacted in both countries. We aimed to understand the overall impact of this situation on research time, exploring unequal effects by discipline and individual characteristics. Results based on 3257 responses indicate that, after accounting by discipline, individual-level differences related to gender and care responsibilities explain the more significant gaps. Specifically, we find that being a woman is linked to higher reductions of time devoted to research, followed by a parenthood penalty for those with children under 12 at home. We also tested a possible relationship between time devoted to research and personal beliefs about gender roles. We found that women who support traditional gender roles and have children reduced their research time more than any other group. Also, men who support progressive views are more impacted than their conservative peers. We conclude that given the heterogeneous impact of the pandemic on researchers, universities and research centres should target specific populations when creating policies aiming to mitigate its effects.
Wagyu Feeder Check: A genomic-based tool to identify performance differences of Australian Wagyu and Wagyu crossed cattle
Authors: Reverter Antonio , Li Yutao , Alexandre Pâmela A. , Dominik Sonja , Teseling Carel , van den Heuvel Aaron , Schutt Karen , McDonagh Matt , Porto-Neto Laercio
Published: November 2023

Context Wagyu Feeder Check is a genomic-based tool designed to provide genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for five feedlot growth and carcase traits. At present, Wagyu Feeder Check is based on a reference population of 8316 genotyped and phenotyped Australian fullblood (FB; N = 2120) Wagyu and Wagyu-crossed (XB; N = 6196) cattle, principally Wagyu × Angus F1 animals. Aims We provide technical details behind the development of the Wagyu Feeder Check and validate the ability of its GEBV to predict differences in performance of Wagyu cattle in daily weight gain at feedlot, carcase weight, carcase eye muscle area, carcase marbling score and carcase rump fat at the P8 site. Methods Data supplied from eight commercial supply chains across Australia was used to generate GEBV using mixed-model equations that incorporated a genomic relationship matrix build with 82 504 autosomal markers. The bias, dispersion, and accuracy of the GEBV were evaluated using a four-way cross-validation scheme where, in each turn, the phenotypes from a random 1549 (or 25%) XB cattle were set as missing. Key results The genomic estimate of the Wagyu content in the FB and XB population averaged 99.12% and 59.55%, respectively, and with most of the non-Wagyu content associated with Angus. The estimates of heritability (± s.e.) were 0.497 ± 0.016, 0.474 ± 0.004, 0.347 ± 0.014, 0.429 ± 0.003 and 0.422 ± 0.003 for daily weight gain at feedlot, carcase weight, eye muscle area, marbling and rump fat, respectively. Averaged across the four XB validation populations, the accuracy of GEBV was 0.624, 0.634, 0.385, 0.620, and 0.526 for the same set of traits. Conclusions Genomic predictions generated by Wagyu Feeder Check can predict differences in feedlot and carcase performance of Australian Wagyu cattle. Given the large content of Angus in the XB population, further research is required to determine the predictive ability of GEBV in Wagyu × Bos indicus and Wagyu × dairy animals. Implications Commercial feedlot operators finishing animals with a strong Wagyu breed component will benefit from using Wagyu Feeder Check for decision making.
Pregabalin alters reproductive performance in male mice and causes congenital anomalies in offspring
Authors: Mestre Viviane de Fátima , Martins Caio Cezar Nantes , Brito Lorrany Victor de , Zeffa Aline Campos , Sestário Camila Salvador , Salles Maria José Sparça
Published: November 2023

Context Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant drug with analgesic activity for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Aims To valuate the toxicity of pregabalin in reproductive parameters, spermatogenesis, and teratogenicity in the offspring of mice. Methods Twenty male mice were randomly distributed into two groups: PGB group and group C (n = 10 per group). The animals in the PGB group received, via gavage, 200 mg/kg of pregabalin diluted in distilled water daily, for a period of 45 days. Group C received distilled water under the same experimental design. Key results In the paternal parameters of the PGB group, there was a significant increase in the size of the testicles, morphological alterations in the spermatozoa, a decrease in the Johnsen score, an increase in the Leydig cells, and a decrease in the serum level of testosterone. In the intrauterine development parameters of females mated with males from the PGB group, a significant decrease in placental weight, weight and length of fetuses, and fetal viability rate was observed. There was a significant increase in the number of resorptions and post-implantation losses. The significant anomalies observed in the offspring were alteration in the size of the kidneys, absent metacarpals and phalanges, alteration in the sternum, and supernumerary thoracic vertebrae. Conclusion Results suggest that pregabalin had toxic effects on the reproductive function of male mice and teratogenic potential. Implications The findings of this study may provide new hypotheses, taking into account the risk–benefit ratio for male reproduction and offspring health.
Realizations, Characterizations, and Manipulations of Two-Dimensional Electron Systems Floating above Superfluid Helium Surfaces
Authors: Wei 魏 Haoran 浩然 , Wu 吴 Mengmeng 蒙蒙 , Wang 王 Renfei 任飞 , He 何 Mingcheng 明城 , Ikegami Hiroki , Liu 刘 Yang 阳 , Gang Cheng 程 Zhi 智刚
Published: November 2023

Electron systems in low dimensions are enriched with many superior properties for both fundamental research and technical developments. Wide tunability of electron density, high mobility of motion, and feasible controllability in microscales are the most prominent advantages that researchers strive for. Nevertheless, it is always difficult to fulfill all in one solid-state system. Two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs) floating above the superfluid helium surfaces are thought to meet these three requirements simultaneously, ensured by the atomic smoothness of surfaces and the electric neutrality of helium. Here we report our recent work in preparing, characterizing, and manipulating 2DESs on superfluid helium. We realized a tunability of electron density over one order of magnitude and tuned their transport properties by varying electron distribution and measurement frequency. The work we engage in is crucial for advancing research in many-body physics and for development of single-electron quantum devices rooted in these electron systems.
Growth rate of spherical voids with non-comoving dark matter and baryons
Authors: Pizaña Fernando A , Hidalgo Juan Carlos , Gaspar Ismael Delgado , Sussman Roberto A
Published: November 2023

We present numerical solutions to Einstein’s equations describing large spherical cosmic voids constituted by two components: dark matter and baryons, with a non-vanishing initial relative velocity, in an asymptotically homogeneous background compatible with the ΛCDM concordance model. We compute numerically the evolution of such configurations in the dark matter frame, with a hypothetical homogeneous distribution of baryons, but respecting the values dictated by the concordance model for the average baryon-to-dark matter density ratio. We reproduce the well-known formation of overdensities at the edge of the void and recover the Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi solutions in the comoving limit of our simulations. We compute the average growth factor of matter fluctuations and find that it departs significantly from the linear perturbative prescription even in the comoving case, where the non-linearity of inhomogeneities has an impact.
Resonant x-ray difference frequency generation
Authors: Serrat Carles
Published: November 2023

Resonantly enhanced x-ray difference-frequency generation (re-XDFG) is a second-order nonlinear effect that involves illuminating a molecule with two-color x-ray pulses with photon energies Ω1 and Ω2. The energy difference

Ω
1

−

Ω
2

is tuned to match an x-ray absorption edge of an atom in the molecule. We have numerically studied the re-XDFG effect considering different individual molecules in the gas phase using density functional theory calculations and have verified the non-centrosymmetric character of the target transitions. Two-level molecular systems with permanent dipoles are evaluated for the description of re-XDFG taking into account different two-color input pulse geometries. This innovative nonlinear x-ray methodology offers a means to measure the K-edge NEXAFS spectrum of light elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen, in dense media using non-resonant x-rays. It can also be used to investigate chemical material dynamics that are inaccessible by linear spectroscopy. These findings enable the combination of atomic-scale structure with chemical specificity and the selective and local access to x-ray excitations using hard x-ray pulses.
An entanglement constraint model of topological knot in highly entangled gel towards ultra-high toughness
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xing Ziyu , Gorbacheva Galina , Lu Haibao , Lau Denvid
Published: November 2023

Highly entangled gels have gained extensive attention due to their excitingly large deformation and high toughness. To understand the toughening mechanism of these highly entangled gels, an entanglement constraint model has been established, based on the spatially prismatic constraint and Gaussian distribution models. A free-energy function is formulated to study the conformational dynamics, rubbery elasticity and sliding effect of topological knots in the entangled chains. Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics and finite element analysis were conducted to verify the coupling effect of inter-chain entanglement and intra-chain knot topology on the toughness behavior of highly entangled gels. Finally, experimental data available in the literature were used to verify the proposed models, providing a physical insight into the toughening mechanism of inter-chain entanglement constraint and intra-chain knot topology in the highly entangled gel.
Buckling and fracture characterization of pristine bundles of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes using quantitative in situ TEM axial compression
Authors: Samira Raz , Cohen Adam , Eliasi Rami , Sherman Dov , Patolsky Fernando , Lachman Noa
Published: November 2023

This work investigates the mechanical deformation and fracture characteristics of pristine bundles of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) subjected to axial compression in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM). Accurate measurements of force-displacement data were collected simultaneously with real-time TEM videos of the deformation process. Two distinct regimes were observed in the force-displacement curve: (1) an initial elastic section with a linear slope, followed by (2) a transition to a force plateau at a critical buckling force. Morphological data revealed coordinated buckling of the pristine bundle, indicating strong van der Waals (VdW) forces between the nanotubes. The experimental setup measured an effective modulus of 83.9 GPa for an MWCNT bundle, which was in agreement with finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. FEA also highlighted the significant role of VdW forces in the bundle mechanical reactions. Furthermore, we identified nickel nanoparticles as key players in the fracture behavior of the bundles, acting as nucleation sites for defects. The direct mechanical measurements of MWCNT bundles provide valuable insights into their mechanical deformation and fracture behavior, while correlating it to the morphology of the bundle. Understanding these interactions at the bundle level is crucial for improving the reliability and durability of VACNTs-based components.
Polyethylene glycol with dual three-dimensional porous carbon nanotube/diamond: a high thermal conductivity of composite PCM
Authors: Feng Xurui , Zhang Yuanying , Yang Zhiliang , Zhao Zihao , Zhu Fen , Wei Xinyi , Chen Liangxian , Liu Jinlong , Feng Yanhui , Li Chengming , Feng Daili , Wei Junjun
Published: November 2023

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used as a phase change material (PCM) in thermal energy storage systems due to its high latent heat and chemical stability. However, practical application has been hindered by its low thermal conductivity and leakage issues. Therefore, developing shape-stable high thermal conductivity PCM is of great importance. In this study, new shape-stable composite PCM with high thermal conductivity and leak-prevention capabilities were designed. The porous carbon skeleton of diamond foam (DF) and dual-3D carbon nanotube-diamond foam (CDF) were prepared using the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition method. The composite materials (DF/PEG and CDF/PEG) were produced by vacuum impregnation with PEG and skeletons. The results showed that CDF/PEG had the highest thermal conductivity, measuring 2.30 W·m−1·K−1, which is 707% higher than that of pure PEG. The employing of 3D networks of CNTs, which can improve the phonon mean free path in DF/PEG (1.79 W·m−1·K−1) while reducing phonon dispersion.The phonon vibration of dual-3D CDF plays an important role in heat transfer. PEG was physically absorbed and well-distributed in CDF, alleviating leakage of liquid PEG. The weight loss of CDF/PEG was only 25% at 70 °C for 120 s. Using CDF is an attractive and efficient strategy to increase the heat transfer of PEG and improve heat storage efficiency, alleviate the problem of poor shape-stability.
Tranexamic acid (class I drug) reduced and capped gold nanoparticles as a potential hemostatic agent with enhanced performance
Authors: Jha Chandan Bhogendra , Singh Chitrangda , Patil Parag , Manna Kuntal , Singh Sweta , Varshney Raunak , Mathur Rashi
Published: November 2023

External hemostatic agents play a crucial role in stabilizing an impaired process during pathological conditions. The idea is to stabilize the in vivo system as soon as possible. This study uses a class I hemostatic drug tranexamic acid as a reducing and capping agent for synthesizing the gold nanoparticles (Tr-AuNPs). Being the synthetic analogue of lysine and a biologically inspired alkylamine molecule, the chemistry can be fine-tuned for stable material that can simultaneously target the intrinsic and extrinsic hemostatic pathway, making it promising for hemostatic applications. The Tr-AuNPs of hydrodynamic diameter ∼46 nm were synthesized and evaluated physio-chemically using various analytical techniques wherein they showed hemocompatibility and increased thrombus weight compared to the native drug. The decrease in prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio supported by the dynamic thromboelastography (TEG) study indicates the prepared nano-conjugate’s potential in reducing time for attaining hemostasis as compared to the native tranexamic acid drug. At a 9 μg ml−1 concentration, Tr-AuNPs had a procoagulant effect, shown by decreased reaction time (R) and coagulation time (K) with improved α angle and MA. There was a significant increase in the rate of coagulation in vivo by Tr-AuNPs, i.e. (52 s) compared to the native tranexamic acid (360 s). Radiolabelling studies ascertained the in vivo biocompatibility (non-invasive distribution, residence, clearance, and stability) of the Tr-AuNPs. The short-term toxicity studies were conducted to establish a proof of concept for the biomedical application of the material. The results highlighted the use of biologically alkyl amine molecules as capping and reducing agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles, which have shown a synergistic effect on the coagulation cascade while holding the potential for also acting as potential theranostic agents.
High precision of sign language recognition based on In2O3 transistors gated by AlLiO solid electrolyte
Authors: Bian Jing , Geng Sunyingyue , Dong Shijie , Yu Teng , Fan Shuangqing , Xu Ting , Su Jie
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the synaptic properties of transistors have been extensively studied. Compared with liquid or organic material-based transistors, inorganic solid electrolyte-gated transistors have the advantage of better chemical stability. This study uses a simple, low-cost solution technology to prepare In2O3 transistors gated by AlLiO solid electrolyte. The electrochemical performance of the device is achieved by forming a double electric layer and electrochemical doping, which can mimic basic functions of biological synapses, such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse promotion, and spiking time-dependent plasticity. Furthermore, complex synaptic behaviors such as Pavlovian classical conditioning is successfully emulated. With a 95% identification accuracy, an artificial neural network based on transistors is built to recognize sign language and enable sign language interpretation. Additionally, the handwriting digit’s identification accuracy is 94%. Even with various levels of Gaussian noise, the recognition rate is still above 84%. The above findings demonstrate the potential of In2O3/AlLiO TFT in shaping the next generation of artificial intelligence.
Magnetocardiography-based coronary artery disease severity assessment and localization using spatiotemporal features
Authors: Han Xiaole , Pang Jiaojiao , Xu Dong , Wang Ruizhe , Xie Fei , Yang Yanfei , Sun Jiguang , Li Yu , Li Ruochuan , Yin Xiaofei , Xu Yansong , Fan Jiaxin , Dong Yiming , Wu Xiaohui , Yang Xiaoyun , Yu Dexin , Wang Dawei , Gao Yang , Xiang Min , Xu Feng , Sun Jinji , Chen Yuguo , Ning Xiaolin
Published: November 2023

Objective. This study aimed to develop an automatic and accurate method for severity assessment and localization of coronary artery disease (CAD) based on an optically pumped magnetometer magnetocardiography (MCG) system. Approach. We proposed spatiotemporal features based on the MCG one-dimensional signals, including amplitude, correlation, local binary pattern, and shape features. To estimate the severity of CAD, we classified the stenosis as absence or mild, moderate, or severe cases and extracted a subset of features suitable for assessment. To localize CAD, we classified CAD groups according to the location of the stenosis, including the left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA), and separately extracted a subset of features suitable for determining the three CAD locations. Main results. For CAD severity assessment, a support vector machine (SVM) achieved the best result, with an accuracy of 75.1%, precision of 73.9%, sensitivity of 67.0%, specificity of 88.8%, F1-score of 69.8%, and area under the curve of 0.876. The highest accuracy and corresponding model for determining locations LAD, LCX, and RCA were 94.3% for the SVM, 84.4% for a discriminant analysis model, and 84.9% for the discriminant analysis model. Significance. The developed method enables the implementation of an automated system for severity assessment and localization of CAD. The amplitude and correlation features were key factors for severity assessment and localization. The proposed machine learning method can provide clinicians with an automatic and accurate diagnostic tool for interpreting MCG data related to CAD, possibly promoting clinical acceptance.
Anti-reflective MX (M = Sc and Y; X = N, P, As, Sb and Bi) monolayers: structural, electronic and optical study
Authors: Babaee Touski Shoeib , Hosseini Manouchehr , Kokabi Alireza
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the structural, electronic and optical properties of tetragonal binary monolayers of MX (M = Sc, Y; X = As, Bi, N, P, Sb) are investigated using the density functional theory. The optical study demonstrates that ScN and YN compounds are promising anti-reflective materials. All compounds are found to be semiconductors with a bandgap in the range of 0.45–1.8 eV. Among these compounds, ScN and YN have a direct bandgap at Γ-point while the remainings demonstrate an indirect bandgap. It is found that the structural anisotropy controls the anisotropy of the electronic properties. The biaxial strain analysis shows that YBi monolayer has the maximum linear strain bandgap dependency, making it a suitable candidate for pressure sensing applications. The ScN and YN monolayers demonstrate a phase transition from semiconductive to Dirac semi-metallic characteristics at large compressive strains.
Combining orbit jump and potential wells optimizations for nonlinear vibration energy harvesters
Authors: Saint-Martin C , Morel A , Charleux L , Roux E , Gibus D , Benhemou A , Badel A
Published: November 2023

Nonlinear vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) are widely used for scavenging vibrational energy due to their broadband behaviors. However, they exhibit multiple orbits of different powers for a given excitation, including low-power orbits that might limit their performance. To address this issue and enhance nonlinear VEHs performance, various studies have defined orbit jump strategies to transition from low-power to high-power orbits. Another way to maximize the power of nonlinear VEHs is to optimize their geometry by finely engineering their potential wells (PWs). In this letter, we propose an orbit jump strategy for bistable VEHs that combines the two latter approaches, i.e. that simultaneously optimizes their PWs while jumping from low-power to high-power orbits. This orbit jump strategy is optimized using a numerical criterion that takes into account the robustness of the jumps and the invested energy. The proposed orbit jump strategy has been experimentally validated for vibration frequencies between 30 and 60 Hz. It is shown that the proposed approach can increase the power by an average of 121 times over the considered frequency range. Compared to traditional orbit jump strategies, the proposed approach, which combines orbit jumping and PWs optimizations, increases by up to three times the harvested power.
Multimode coaxial extrusion of segmented core-shell structures for soft metamechanics and biomimetic applications
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Cao Yanbing , Wang Zhenyu , Nie Heng-Yong , Wang Xiaolong , Liu Yu
Published: November 2023

The unique ability to combine versatile materials via additive manufacturing greatly enhances the functionalities of soft machines. However, manufacturing for multi-material devices often involves complex and redundant procedures. Herein, we develop a multimode coaxial direct ink writing method for efficient 3D printing of multi-material filaments in the form of core-shell material distribution at millimeter scales. Through simulations and experiments, essential printing parameters, such as extrusion pressure and deposition speed combinations, are investigated to control compositions simultaneously. As exemplars, we fabricate soft lattices presenting tunable mechanical responses by printing soft and tough silicone in a single pass. We also demonstrate bio-mimetic potentials by fabricating soft fingers and magnetic shape-shifting structures with multiple functional materials. Our method is expected to provide a new paradigm for designing and manufacturing the rapid prototyping of soft functional machines.
Narrow-band and highly absorbing fano resonance in a cavity-coupled dielectric metasurface
Authors: Yu Jiachen , Wulan Qiqige , Xing Li , Liu Zhijun , Peng Hao , Chen Zhi
Published: November 2023

Metamaterial resonance offers a flexibility in engineering the frequency and bandwidth of light absorption for a variety of optoelectronic applications such as wavelength-selective photodetection, optical sensing and infrared camouflaging etc. In this paper, we demonstrate a class of metal-dielectric thin-film cavity-coupled dielectric metasurfaces, which feature Fano resonances with both narrow bandwidth and strong light absorption. Our fabricated metasurface consists of a Si cuboid array on top of a SiO2 film backed with a metallic Cu layer. The weak coupling between electric mie mode in Si cuboid and Fabry–Perot mode within the SiO2 spacer layer yields a Fano resonance at 4.19 μm wavelength, which exhibits a strong light absorption of 65.8% and a quality (Q) factor of 112. The strongly absorbing Fano resonance is tunable within the 3–5 μm band by varying geometric parameters of the metasurface. To reveal potential application of the metasurface, the Fano resonance is applied in refractive index sensing and exhibits a sensitivity of 518.75 nm RIU−1 and a figure-of-merit (FoM) of 14.82 RIU−1. These results suggest that cavity-coupling presents an effective way in reducing the resonance bandwidth and enhancing light absorption in dielectric metamaterials, which holds promise for expanding the properties and device functionalities of metamaterials.
Resolution recovery on list mode MLEM reconstruction for dynamic cardiac SPECT system
Authors: Feng Yuemeng , Worstell William , Kupinski Matthew , Furenlid Lars R , Sabet Hamid
Published: November 2023

The Dynamic Cardiac SPECT (DC-SPECT) system is being developed at the Massachusetts General Hospital, featuring a static cardio focus asymmetrical geometry enabling simultaneous high-resolution and high-sensitivity imaging. Among 14 design iterations of the DC-SPECT with varying number of detector heads, system sensitivity and resolution, the current version under development features 10 mm FWHM geometrical resolution (without resolution recovery) and 0.07% sensitivity at the center of the FOV, this is 1.5× resolution gain and 7× sensitivity gain compared to a conventional dual head gamma camera (0.01% sensitivity and 15-mm resolution). This work presents improvement in imaging resolution by implementing a spatially variant point spread function (SV-PSF) with list mode MLEM reconstruction. A resolution recovery method by PSF deconvolution is validated on list mode MLEM reconstruction for the DC-SPECT. A spatial invariant PSF is included as an additional test to show the influence of the PSF modelling accuracy on reconstructed image quality. We compare the MLEM reconstruction with and without PSF deconvolution; an analytic model is used for the calculation of system response, and the results are compared to the reconstruction with system modelling using Monte Carlo (MC) based methods. Results show that with PSF modelling applied, the quality of the reconstructed image is improved, and the DC-SPECT system can achieve a 4.5 mm central spatial resolution with average 795 counts/Mbq. Both the SV-PSF and the spatial-invariant PSF improve the image quality, and the reconstruction with SV-PSF generates line profiles closer to the ground truth. The results show substantial improvement over the GE Discovery 570c performance (7 mm spatial resolution with an average 460 counts/MBq, 5.8 mm resolution at the FOV center). The impact of PSF deconvolution is significant, improvement of the reconstructed image quality is evident in comparison to MC simulated system matrix with the same sampling size in the simulation.
How to identify and characterize strongly correlated topological semimetals
Authors: Kirschbaum Diana M , Lužnik Monika , Roy Gwenvredig Le , Paschen Silke
Published: November 2023

How strong correlations and topology interplay is a topic of great current interest. In this perspective paper, we focus on correlation-driven gapless phases. We take the time-reversal symmetric Weyl semimetal as an example because it is expected to have clear (albeit nonquantized) topological signatures in the Hall response and because the first strongly correlated representative, the noncentrosymmetric Weyl–Kondo semimetal Ce3Bi4Pd3, has recently been discovered. We summarize its key characteristics and use them to construct a prototype Weyl–Kondo semimetal temperature-magnetic field phase diagram. This allows for a substantiated assessment of other Weyl–Kondo semimetal candidate materials. We also put forward scaling plots of the intrinsic Berry-curvature-induced Hall response vs the inverse Weyl velocity—a measure of correlation strength, and vs the inverse charge carrier concentration—a measure of the proximity of Weyl nodes to the Fermi level. They suggest that the topological Hall response is maximized by strong correlations and small carrier concentrations. We hope that our work will guide the search for new Weyl–Kondo semimetals and correlated topological semimetals in general, and also trigger new theoretical work.
The effect of maximum diameter of geogrid-reinforced sandy soil particles on shear strength parameters
Authors: Fateh Amir Mansour Askari , Goleij Mahdiye
Published: November 2023

Geogrid reinforcement is an effective method for improving the strength characteristics and bearing capacity of granular soils. The dimensional ratio of the diameter of soil particles to the mesh size of geogrid apertures can be effective on the strength performance and stress- deformation of the reinforced soil. To explore these factors, a sandy soil sample from Tonekabon (Iran) was separated into three gradations with a maximum particle diameter of 4.75, 2, and 0.425 mm, with an average relative density of about 57%. The samples were reinforced with two types of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mesh as a geogrid, with aperture dimensions of 5 and 3 mm. All the samples were subjected to compressive loading in the triaxial shear apparatus under effective stress conditions. With a relative increase in the mesh size of the geogrid aperture to the maximum dimension of the reinforced soil grains, the internal friction angle decreased. Moreover, reinforcement of non-cohesive sandy soil caused apparent cohesion in the consolidated undrained conditions, and this was more evident with the reduction of the maximum diameter of sand particles. Decreasing the maximum diameter of the particles from 4.75 to 0.425 mm in the unreinforced and reinforced conditions caused the internal friction angle of the soil to drop by about 8%–10%. For the non-cohesive sandy soil, the results showed that soil reinforcement caused a more salient apparent cohesion in the soil with the maximum diameter of smaller particles. The sand passing through sieve #40 (0.425 mm) showed a cohesion of 0.2 to 0.34 kg/cm2 upon reinforcement with both types of meshes, while the soil lacked significant cohesion in the unreinforced conditions.
Ancient Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Annas Julia
Published: November 2023

Ancient Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction explores the tradition of ancient philosophy. It elaborates on the key themes and debates of Graeco-Roman philosophy. Due to the long, rich, and variety of ancient philosophy, the field is in constant discussion and argument. The VSI showcases a sense of freshness and liveliness in the field of ancient philosophy in a wide variety of themes and styles in an attempt of branching itself away from the presentation of ancient philosophy as a success of Great Thinkers. It also highlights the relationship of ancient Graeco-Roman philosophy to other traditions and its subsequent relevance to modern thinkers.
The Relevance of Arterial Blood Pressure in the Management of Glaucoma Progression: A Systematic Review
Authors: Van Eijgen Jan , Melgarejo Jesus D , Van Laeken Jana , Van der Pluijm Claire , Matheussen Hanne , Verhaegen Micheline , Van Keer Karel , Maestre Gladys E , Al-Aswad Lama A , Vanassche Thomas , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Stalmans Ingeborg
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of global blindness and is expected to co-occur more frequently with vascular morbidities in the upcoming years, as both are aging-related diseases. Yet, the pathogenesis of glaucoma is not entirely elucidated and the interplay between intraocular pressure, arterial blood pressure (BP) and ocular perfusion pressure is poorly understood.

OBJECTIVES

This systematic review aims to provide clinicians with the latest literature regarding the management of arterial BP in glaucoma patients.

METHODS

A systematic search was performed in Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Articles written in English assessing the influence of arterial BP and systemic antihypertensive treatment of glaucoma and its management were eligible for inclusion. Additional studies were identified by revising references included in selected articles.

RESULTS

80 Articles were included in this systemic review. A bimodal relation between BP and glaucoma progression was found. Both high and low BP increase the risk of glaucoma. Glaucoma progression was, possibly via ocular perfusion pressure variation, strongly associated with nocturnal dipping and high variability in the BP over 24 h.

CONCLUSIONS

We concluded that systemic BP level associates with glaucomatous damage and provided recommendations for the management and study of arterial BP in glaucoma. Prospective clinical trials are needed to further support these recommendations.
Victim of changes? Marine macroalgae in a changing world
Authors: Hanley Mick E , Firth Louise B , Foggo Andy
Published: November 2023

Background

Marine macroalgae (‘seaweeds’) are a diverse and globally distributed group of photosynthetic organisms that together generate considerable primary productivity, provide an array of different habitats for other organisms, and contribute many important ecosystem functions and services. As a result of continued anthropogenic stress on marine systems, many macroalgal species and habitats face an uncertain future, risking their vital contribution to global productivity and ecosystem service provision.

Scope

After briefly considering the remarkable taxonomy and ecological distribution of marine macroalgae, we review how the threats posed by a combination of anthropogenically induced stressors affect seaweed species and communities. From there we highlight five critical avenues for further research to explore (long-term monitoring, use of functional traits, focus on early ontogeny, biotic interactions and impact of marine litter on coastal vegetation).

Conclusions

Although there are considerable parallels with terrestrial vascular plant responses to the many threats posed by anthropogenic stressors, we note that the impacts of some (e.g. habitat loss) are much less keenly felt in the oceans than on land. Nevertheless, and in common with terrestrial plant communities, the impact of climate change will inevitably be the most pernicious threat to the future persistence of seaweed species, communities and service provision. While understanding macroalgal responses to simultaneous environmental stressors is inevitably a complex exercise, our attempt to highlight synergies with terrestrial systems, and provide five future research priorities to elucidate some of the important trends and mechanisms of response, may yet offer some small contribution to this goal.
Geographic Differences in Patient Demographics and Performance of Gender-Affirming Surgery From 2016 to 2019
Authors: Das Rishub K , Galdyn Izabela , McCaffrey Rachel L , Drolet Brian C , Al Kassis Salam
Published: November 2023

Background

Although legislation prohibiting gender identity discrimination in health insurance has shown some improvement in insurance coverage for gender-affirming surgery (GAS), recent bills criminalizing GAS providers in the South and Midwest regions pose threats to patient care.

Objectives

To investigate the influence of US census region on patient demographics and GAS rates in the ambulatory surgery setting.

Methods

Individuals with gender dysphoria who underwent GAS in the ambulatory setting from 2016 to 2019 were identified in the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample (NASS) with billing codes. Demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed and stratified by US census region.

Results

The data set included a weighted estimate of 33,174 encounters with 72.8% (95% CI, 69.1-76.2) for chest reconstruction; 24.1% (95% CI, 20.9-27.5) for surgery on the genitals and reproductive organs; and 6.0% (95% CI, 4.6-7.8) for facial surgery. Overall, the rates of GAS increased by 187%, from 4320 encounters in 2016 to 12,396 encounters in 2019. In the Midwest, GAS increased by 257% compared to 203% in the Northeast, 218% in the South, and 154% in the West. Compared to patients in the West, those in other regions had higher odds of anxiety and depression (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.09-2.26; P < .05) and were more likely to have lower incomes than other ambulatory surgery patients in the region (P < .001).

Conclusions

Between 2016 and 2019, there was substantial growth of GAS in the Midwest, South, and Northeast. Regional differences in insurance coverage, socioeconomic status, availability of facial surgery, and comorbidities were observed.

Level of Evidence: 2