bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult Cattle Unit based Fodder Model for Supplementing Round the Year Green Fodder in Irrigated Subtropics of Jammu and Kashmir: A Review
Authors: Mehta Swati , Sharma Neetu , Bansal Kanik Kumar , Rana Navjot , . Shilpa , Devi Naorem Diana , Verma Ravi , Dahiya Pankaj
Published: October 2024

Ensuring year-round provision of green fodder for a single adult cattle unit poses a significant challenge, especially in regions with distinct seasons. However, with careful planning and the use of a variety of forage crops including legumes, grains and perennial grasses, it is possible to maintain a consistent supply of green fodder. Factors such as cattle type, weight, activity levels and the nutritional quality of the fodder all influence the amount of green fodder required by adult cattle. Adequate green fodder intake is crucial for meeting their nutritional needs and maintaining optimal health and productivity. This underscores the importance of exploring sustainable strategies for year-round green fodder provision highlighting the vital role of forage crop diversity in meeting the dietary needs of adult cattle. The research experiment took place at the Research Farm of the Division of Agronomy, SKUAST- Jammu spanning two consecutive years from 2020-2021 to 2021-2022. The experimental layout consisted of eight treatments arranged in three staggered configurations during both kharif and rabi seasons alongside perennial fodders planted along the borders. The design employed a randomized block design (RBD) and was replicated three times. Significantly higher system productivity was recorded with Multicut Bajra + Cowpea - Berseem + Oats with Root slips of Napier planted in July. Multicut Sorghum + Cowpea - Lucerne + Oat with stem cuttings of Setaria planted in January recorded maximum land requirement for 1 ACU and 10 ACU’s whereas minimum land requirement for 1 ACU and 10 ACU’s was observed in Multicut Bajra + Maize - Berseem + Barley with root slips of Napier planted in July.
Dystocia due to Twin Pregnancy in HF Crossbred Cattle- A Case Report
Authors: Rajput Jagmohan , Shivhare Madhu , Bajaj Nitin Kumar , Maheswari Pawan , Pandey Akanksha , Parihar Atul Singh
Published: October 2024

Background: Freemartinism is one of the most commonly found intersex conditions in cattle, although it may also occur in small ruminants. The freemartin phenotype appears in a dizygotic twin pregnancy where one twin is a male and the other is a female. Due to precocious anastomoses between the placental vascular systems of the two fetuses, masculinising molecules reach the female twin and disrupt the normal sexual differentiation. In cattle, this condition is observed in 90 to 97% of twin pregnancies. A freemartin is, by definition, a genetically female fetus masculinised in the presence of a male co-twin, giving rise to a sterile heifer. Methods: A HF crossbred cow of 2nd parity was presented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow (M.P) with the history of difficulty in calving, uterine contraction since last night, restlessness, uterine fluid discharge from vagina and swollen vulva. Per vaginal examination revealed presence of two fetuses in the uterus one being in anterior while other being in posterior presentation. Result: Dystocia was resolved by manual intervention per vaginum resulting in birth of one male and one female calf. The male calf was strong and active, while the female calf was weak as compare to male.
Changes in Clitoria ternatea Canopy Cover and its Relation to Forage Productivity under Leucaena leucocephala Alley Cropping and NPK Fertilization in Arid Agroforestry Systems of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kouyate D. , Abohassan R.A. , Elfeel A.A.
Published: October 2024

Background: There is an increased need for intercropping practice in drylands to increase land-use efficiency. Canopy cover is a great tool to assess agricultural yield, as it is an indicator of plant health and productivity. Methods: The smartphone-based application Canopeo was used to measure the canopy cover (CC) of Clitoria under mixed intercropping with Leucaena and with four (4) fertilization levels (Control, 200 kg, 300 kg and 400 kg of NPK). Forage yield and (CC) were measured during six (6) consecutive harvests. Moreover, forage quality (NPK and protein) was analyzed. Result: The results revealed a high positive correlation between (CC) with crop yield and quality. Also, the application of fertilizers produced higher (CC) associated with higher yield and forage quality. The relatively low correlation of (CC) with yield in intercropping may be due to the high competition of the Leucaena tree. However, the whole intercropping system was positive (with an LER of 2.4), indicating better land-use efficiency. The results concluded that intercropping in drylands would result in better land use. While the application of NPK fertilizers will increase crop (CC), which in turn will reflect in higher forage yield and quality.
Approbation of the methodology of shear tests of geosynthetic composite “KAPLAM”
Authors: Somov Daniil , Igoshev Ivan , Petryaev Andrey
Published: October 2024

Purpose: to investigate the effect of different test methods on the shear properties of geomaterials and to determine the test method that provides the most consistent shear strength results. Demonstrate the need to include shear test methods for geosynthetic materials in state standards. Determination of interaction properties of geosynthetic composite “KAPLAM” with soil. Methods: a 300×375 mm shear machine was used to perform shear tests at the soil-geomaterial interface with normal loads ranging from 100 to 500 kPa. These tests were performed according to the American standard ASTM D5321. Results: the relationships obtained from the tests allow the identification of the test methodology that produces the most significant shear strength results and an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the observed shear strength. The need for further investigation of this methodology on other geosynthetics is identified. Practical relevance: overall, these results have important implications for the design of railway embankment slopes, ISDS lining systems and shear strength testing. The tests provide better modelling of field conditions and a more accurate representation of the shear strength of composite materials.
Pistas históricas da resistência da Língua Galega
Authors: Pacheco Rocha Saulo Rogério , Di Palma Back Angela Cristina
Published: October 2024

A discussão que ora apresentamos decorre da pesquisa, ainda que um recorte dela, acerca das formas de escrita da língua galega e suas implicações político-linguísticas. O trabalho mostra na primeira seção uma breve contextualização histórica da região, povo e língua, para a posteriori, ir às discussões a respeito da norma linguística e suas implicações políticas no ensino de galego. Para isso, buscamos historiadores galegos como Xosé Nuñez-Seixas (1995), estudiosos da língua como Matías Rodriguez da Torre e Xosé Manuel Silva (2016), Luís Fontenla Figueiroa (2007), Oscar Fouces (2001), e Xoán Lagares (2011), bem como instruções junto a documentos institucionais, como da Real Academia Galega e do Instituto da Lingua Galega (2012), da Associaçom Galega da Língua (1989) e da Confederación Intersindical Galega (1999), entre outros historiadores e estudiosos da língua portuguesa que dessem conta do comum das duas línguas. O caso do galego é interessante, pois demonstra, numa língua muito próxima, a íntima relação que a história, a identidade nacional, a democracia, a educação e o movimento linguístico possuem, dado que estão todos imbricados nas discussões a respeito do uso e do ensino do galego, escrito e falado, após a reabertura democrática da Espanha no final da década de 1970.
Attitudes of lecturers towards e-learning: BA ISAGO university
Authors: Mbangiwa Tendani , Lunga Patience , Pule Johanna , Joina Evies , Zivanai Wiston , Kalayakgosi Segolame
Published: October 2024

In Botswana e-learning is still in its infancy with most universities currently implementing different strategies to integrate e-learning into the teaching and learning process. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate whether the variables age, gender, training to use e-learning tools, e-learning experience, internet access, and computer skills were associated with the lecturer’s attitudes towards e-learning. The study consisted of thirty-eight randomly selected lecturers at BA ISAGO University, Gaborone campus. The data was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire with items that seek to ascertain their attitudes towards e-learning. To test out the study hypothesis descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and independent samples t-test were computed. The results indicated that half of the participants had positive attitudes towards e-learning. Proving that e-learning was an acceptable teaching method to be utilised at this tertiary education institution. The study further showed that age and gender were not significantly associated with the lecturers’ attitudes towards e-learning. Also, the results indicated that there was no significant relationship between attitudes towards e-learning and training to use e-learning tools, e-learning experience, internet access as well as computer skills. It was therefore concluded that these variables had no impact on attitudes of lecturers towards e-learning as lecturers had become competent and confident in using computers as part of teaching methodology at BA ISAGO University. It is crucial for this university to strengthen the digital culture through training and support, and motivational strategies to build positive attitude towards e-learning.
APPLICATION OF NANOSENSOR BASED SCREEN PRINTED ELECTRODE FOR ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENER FOR PHARMACISTS AND ANALYST IN PONTIANAK
Authors: Jiwanti Prastika Krisma , Saputra Mirza Ardella , Susilo Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat , Hayaza Suhailah , Amrillah Tahta , Firmansyah Mochamad Lutfi , Amalina Ilma , Mulya Fadjar , Rizki Intan Nurul , Sari Retno
Published: October 2024

The development of nanotechnology in the world is very rapid, and the applications of nanotechnology can be felt in various fields in everyday life. For instance, to control food, nanotechnology plays a role in creating early detection tools for food additives, which are known to be dangerous if consumed by humans in excess, such as the presence of colorants that are not permitted or food additives that exceed tolerance limits. Nanosensors based on screen print electrodes (SPE) are devices that can be used for detection with various notable properties such as fast, sensitive and portable. Seeing the importance of developing and down streaming nanotechnology to society, education regarding the role of nanotechnology needs to be carried out. In this activity, nanotechnology applied in the manufacture of nanosensor devices was introduced, especially to analysts at the drug and food control center and the health service. Apart from that, through this activity, sustainable collaboration can be established between the community service team who are researchers in the field of nanosensors and users in the field who are drug and food regulatory bodies, to develop nanosensor technology according to needs in the field. This activity will be carried out in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, specifically aimed at pharmacists and analysts in the drug and food control center, health service, and industry and trade service (Disperindag). This activity will include education about nanotechnology applications in various fields as well as a demonstration on the use of SPE-based naosensor devices. From this event, in future the analyst may do the analysis in field without waiting long time analysis in laboratory. From this community service activities, scientific articles and publications can be produced in print/electronic media, as well as videos of community service activities, in accordance with the main performance indicators determined nationally.
EDUCATION ABOUT BREAST CANCER IN THE COMMUNITY AT NGLUYU HEALTH CENTER, NGANJUK
Authors: Mastutik Gondo , Fauziah Dyah , Rahaju Anny Setijo , Rahniayu Alphania , Ridholia  , Kurniasari Nila , Kusumastuti Etty Hari , Ilmiah Khafidhotul
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is the most common cancer found in the world and this cancer is the second cause of death due to cancer after lung cancer in Indonesia. This high mortality rate can be prevented by carrying out early detection. However, this is still not done well, especially in communities living in remote areas with low to medium economic and educational levels. The aim is to convey knowledge about breast cancer and training in the self-examination of the breast. It was held on Tuesday, 12 September 2023 at the Ngluyu Community Health Center, Nganjuk, from 07.00 to 14.00 WIB and was attended by 111 people. Data on breast cancer risk factors was collected through questionnaires. There were 96 participants who filled out the questionnaire, aged between 22-63 years. Risk factors data showed that 3.13% did not have children, 15.63% breastfed children less than 6 months, 5.21% were exposed to X-rays more than once a year; 1.04% had breast tumors, and 4.17% had family members suffering from cancer. In addition, 89.58% were over 25 years old and 42.71% had doing self-examination of breast. There was an increase in public understanding at the Ngluyu Community Health Center from 77.70% to 84.12%, namely an increase of 6.42%. This can increase public understanding about breast cancer and procedures to self-examination of breast and contribute in early detection of breast cancer as well as reducing the incidence of breast cancer. The results of this counseling can be used as recommendations by health centers in the Nganjuk district area.
Primordial Germ Cells Quality of Chicken Embryo from Post Cryopreservation Blood Samples
Authors: Azizah Nurul , Kostaman Tatan , Tribudi Yuli Arif , Kusumaningrum Diana Andrianita , Suyatno Suyatno , Muttaqin Zultinur , Koswara Eko , Gunawan Muhammad
Published: October 2024

The optimal cellular reservoir for the conservation and propagation of endangered poultry is acknowledged to be primordial germ cells (PGCs). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of cryopreserving PGCs derived from purified sources and blood samples. The experimental design encompassed two treatment groups, each iterated six replication. Blood samples that had been filled with 500 µL of phosphate-buffered saline without Ca2+ and Mg2+ (PBS) underwent centrifugation at 1200 rpm for six minutes. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was mixed with 500 µL 10% FBS-PBS and was then subdivided for cryopreservation and PGCs purification. Cryopreservation included the controlled freezing of blood and purified PGCs samples in Nalgene cryogenic vials with the incorporation of banker cells. Following thawing, statistical analyses revealed no significant variance in the mean PGCs count between purified PGCs and blood samples (p > 0.05). The percentages of PGCs mortality and the recovery rate demonstrated statistical significance (p < 0.05). Further investigations indicated that cryopreserving blood samples significantly increased the recovery rate of PGCs while decreasing post-thaw mortality. Morphology of PGCs from blood cryopreservation showed similar morphology to PGCs in general. The potential application of cell-based cryo-banking will contribute to the preservation of poultry genetic diversity for sustainability and adaptation to future poultry demands.
Phylogenetic and Genetic Variation Analysis of ITS1 Gene of Trypanosoma lewisi in Wild Rats Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Yesica Reza , Hardian Andreas Bandang , Oktanella Yudit , Kusumarini Shelly , Prasetyo Gabriela Jeanne Giacynta
Published: October 2024

Murine Trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by the blood protozoan Trypanosoma lewisi in rats, with the transmission process mediated by the flea species Xenopsylla cheopis and Nosopsyllus fasciatus. Cases of trypanosomiasis have been documented due to Trypanosoma lewisi infecting rats and humans in various countries. Diagnosis of T. lewisi is typically conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which amplifies target DNA using specific primers. One such target gene for detection is the Internal Transcribed Spacer-1 (ITS1). Subsequent sequencing of PCR products enables analysis of genetic variation employing parameters such as nucleotide composition, genetic distance, and phylogenetic analysis with MEGA software. Test results based on percent identity values indicated a 98.51% homology of blood samples with the Chinese strain of T. lewisi (FJ011094.1), demonstrating genetic variation. Phylogram reconstruction revealed that samples 18, 19, and 37 of T. lewisi exhibit very close intraspecies relationships with T. lewisi from NCBI genebank with genetic distance ranging from 0.007 to 0.01. While the closest interspecies relationship was found with T. cruzi (KT305857.1) with a genetic distance of (d = 0.61).
Prevalence of Ectoparasites in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: Sari Aulia Puspita , Koesdarto Setiawan , Lestari Tita Damayanti , Hastutiek Poedji , Yunus Muchammad , Herupradoto Eduardus Bimo Aksono , Khairullah Aswin Rafif , Ayuti Siti Rani , Hasib Abdullah , Aryaloka Suhita , Moses Ikechukwu Benjamin
Published: October 2024

The problem most often encountered in fish farming is disease which can cause a decrease in fish production levels. Parasites cause one of the infectious diseases found in fish farming. The presence of parasites can cause a decrease in the quality of the growth of fish production. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of ectoparasites on Nile tilapia in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Ninety-six samples from two ponds were examined under the microscope to find out the presence of ectoparasite that exists in the outside body part of the fish. Samples were collected from skin, fins, tail, and gills using native methods and observed under a microscope in the Division of Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. The results of this study showed 86 samples positively infected by ectoparasite and 10 showed negative. The ectoparasites found in this study were Trichodina sp., Chilodonella sp., Ichthyophthirius multifillis, Gyrodactylus sp., and Dactylogyrus sp. The highest prevalence is Trichodina sp. and Dactylogyrus sp. The number of fish infested by ectoparasite is 89.56%, this is classified in the usual category. The highest prevalence occurs in infestations of Trichodina sp. i.e.72.91% which were contained in the 70 samples. While the lowest prevalence was in Gyrodactylus sp. by 8.32% in 8 fish samples. Double infections from two different ponds were 70% within 33 samples which were included in the usual category.
Immune Responses of Club Cells in Fish: A Review
Authors: Dhamayanti Yeni , Khairunnisa Hanifa Khansa , Zahrudin Elham , Bayram Muhammet , Suciyono Suciyono
Published: October 2024

The primary line of defense against pathogens from the environment is often fish epidermis tissue. Nevertheless, little is understood about the physiological mechanisms that underlie the non-specific and/or specific protection that these cells can offer. The exact nature of the relationship between the evolution of ostariophysan fish club cells and chemical warning signals is still unknown and controversial. Fish epidermis layer cells comprise mucus cells, lymphocytes, macrophage cells, cuboidal and squamous epithelial cells, and cells specific to certain fish species. Club cells, also called "alarm cells," are chemical alarms that sound in the event of a potentially hazardous scenario. These cells will burst in the presence of a predator, releasing pheromones that, if the skin is physically damaged, trigger an avoidance and terror reaction. In sturgeon larvae, mucus cells were visible in week 1, but club cells did not appear until week 4. Due to their later development during ontogenesis and after wounding, club cells may not have as much of a protective effect during wound healing as filament or mucus cells. Club cells are mostly found in the epidermis of the skin, and it is thought that when they work in tandem with mucus and goblet cells to fight infections, they serve as the body's first line of defense.
Yoğurt Starter Kültüründe Farklı Bakteri Oranları Kullanılarak Üretilen Geleneksel Süzme Yoğurtlardan Elde Edilen Serumun Bazı Özellikleri
Authors: Yaralı Engin , Çetiner Şevki , Taşçıoğlu Alican
Published: October 2024

Araştırmanın amacı, yoğurt starter kültüründe farklı bakteri oranları kullanılarak geleneksel yolla üretilen süzme yoğurtlardan elde edilen serumlarda bazı kimyasal özellikleri belirlemek ve kültürdeki bakteri oranın serum özelliklerine etkisini incelemektir. İşletmeye gelen çiğ sütlerden kültürde farklı oranlarda bakteri kullanılarak süzme yoğurt üretimi geçekleştirilmiş ve bu yoğurtlardan elde edilen yoğurt sularında (serum), pH, ºSH, % yağ, % toplam kuru madde, % laktoz, % toplam protein, L*, a*, b*, C ve H belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca serum ve süzme yoğurt miktarları saptanmıştır. Kültürdeki bakteri oranının serum özelliklerinden kurumadde, % laktoz oranı, % toplam protein oranı ve renk parametre değerleri üzerine etkisiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Serumda ölçülen pH, ºSH ve % yağ oranı üzerine ise kültür bakteri oranının etkisi önemli olarak saptanmıştır. Çalışmada süzme ortamının nem ve sıcaklık değerleri ölçülmüş ve ölçülen bu parametrelerin elde edilen serum özellikleri üzerine etkisi saptanmamıştır.
Malaysians’ mental health and lifestyle behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative approach
Authors: Ng Jia Yi , Lin Mei-Hua , Yong Min Hooi
Published: October 2024

The objective was to explore the experiences of Malaysian Chinese and Indians during the lockdown, with a focus on mental health and lifestyle behavior factors that affected their work, health, and social lives, as well as their coping strategies during this period. Fifteen Malaysians (11 Chinese, 3 Indian, 1 Chinese–Indian) were interviewed from July to September 2020 about the factors that affected their mental health and lifestyle behaviors. Four main categories were identified: (1) factors affecting mental health, (2) factors affecting lifestyle behaviors during the pandemic lockdown, (3) the consequences of these factors, and (4) coping strategies during the pandemic. Participants revealed largely negative consequences that affected their mental health and lifestyle behaviors, with factors of deterioration emerging from the environmental to the individual level. Most participants distracted themselves with activities as a form of coping strategy, while other coping behaviors were minimally engaged. The study findings showed the complexity underlying the maintenance of mental health and lifestyle behaviors during the pandemic, spanning from the individual to the environmental level, which affects the design of effective public policies and interventions.
Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs)-Related Cytokines, sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4, as Novel Biomarkers for Overall Survival and Time to Treatment in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia, Emphasis on Asymptomatic WM
Authors: Gkiokas Alexandros , Papadatou-Gigante Mavra , Gkioka Annita Ioanna , Koudouna Aspasia , Tryfou Thomai M. , Alexandros Alexandropoulos Alexandros , Bartzi Vassiliki , Kafasi Nikolitsa , Kyrtsonis Marie-Christine
Published: October 2024

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) is an heterogenous disease, and the majority of patients tends to have a long course. Nevertheless, it is imperative to detect patients who have high risk of progression and who benefit from closer follow up. Many recent studies have displayed the CD163-positive Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribution in the pathogenesis of various hematological neoplasms and solid tumors. Soluble CD163 (sCD163) can be measured in serum, along with other TAM-chemoattractant cytokines, such as CCL2 and CCL4, and their levels are used to determine macrophage activation. In the current study we investigated the correlation between sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4, with parameters of WM progression and survival. Out of a total 204 WM patients, serum sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4 were measured in 75, 64 and 65, patients’ frozen sera at diagnosis and 30 healthy individuals (HIs) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We achieved to demonstrate that shorter Time to Treatment (TTT) was observed in 2 years and 7 years intervals in all patients with a ratio of CD163/CCL4 above median (p =0.003 and p=0.024 respectively) and decreased TTT was observed in all asymptomatic WM (AWM) patients with values of CCL4 above the median (p=0.018). Moreover, significantly decreased overall survival (OS) (p=0.033) was observed in all WM patients with CCL2 values above median. Our results indicate that sCD163, CCL2 and CCL4 could be utilized as prognostic markers in WM.
Obesity: The Emerging Epidemic in Nepal”
Authors: Agrawal Roshan
Published: October 2024

Nepal is witnessing a significant rise in obesity as traditional agrarian lifestyles give way to urbanization and sedentary behaviors. The dissolution of agriculture as a cultural practice has led to a reduction in daily physical activity, contributing to an alarming increase in non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. This article explores how Nepal can adopt new health-oriented cultural practices to combat obesity, drawing inspiration from the gym culture in the United States and the cycling culture in Europe. It advocates for the promotion of physical activity through community-based fitness programs, active transportation, and integrating exercise into educational curriculums. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of reviving traditional dietary practices and supporting mental well-being. The article underscores the need for government support in implementing policies and infrastructure that foster a culture of health, ensuring a healthier future for Nepal's population.
Inverse Coefficient Problem for Epidemiological Mean Field Formulation
Authors: Petrakova Viktoriya Sergeevna
Published: October 2024

The paper proposes an approach to solving the inverse epidemiological problem, written in terms of the “mean field” theory. Finding the coefficients of the epidemiological SIR mean field model is reduced to solving an optimization problem, for the solution of which only zero-order methods can be used. The Nelder-Mead method was chosen as such a method. The algorithm for solution of the inverse coefficient problem is proposed. Computational experiments were carried out to compare the obtained solutions with respect to synthetic and real data. The results of computational experiments have shown the efficiency of this approach. Ways to further improve the approach have also been determined.
Mi mente me gobierna, yo no gobierno a mi mente
Authors: del desierto Arena
Published: October 2024

Si realmente fueras merecedora de la mesada que te mando… se notaría en tus conocimientos, en una correcta redacción, acentuación y puntuación, ¡ni siquiera sabes escribir y estás cursando la prepa! ¿qué sabes hacer? No mereces que te ayude e invierta en ti. ¿Qué sabes? Para qué sirves ¡no sirves para nada! Ya no te enviaré dinero para tus estudios.
Ultra-widely tunable superradiant terahertz free electron laser from electron microbunch trains
Authors: Yan Lixin , Liang Yifan , Li Tong , Sun Jitao , Liu Zhuoyuan , Yang Jiayue , Wang Xiaofan , Yu Yong , TIAN Qi , He Zhigang , Zeng Li , Yi Huaiqian , Wu Guorong , Zhang Weiqing , Yang Xueming , Tang Chuanxiang
Published: October 2024

High-intensity and widely tunable sources in the terahertz (THz) frequency range are highly desirable for both fundamental and applied researches. Free electron lasers (FELs) coupling between a relativistic electron beam and a copropagating electromagnetic wave in an undulator can generate intense THz light. However, most THz FEL facilities are still working with a relatively long and low-peak-current electron beam, limiting the emission efficiency and the THz pulse energy. Here, we demonstrate a superradiant THz FEL by pre-modulating the electron beam into microbunches which emit in phase and interact strongly with the generated THz waves in a one-meter-long undulator. The measurements show that the narrow-band radiation frequency can be tuned throughout the 1 THz to 15 THz range at the fundamental harmonic of electron microbunches and up to 20 THz at the second harmonic. The detected pulse energy reaches 150 microjoules at 10 THz without consideration of the transportation loss. Such kind of THz source is stable in terms of shot-to-shot pulse intensity and frequency, and is expected to enable many novel researches.
Enhanced Urban Heat Island Modeling with Machine Learning and Regression Kriging in a Topographically Diverse Medium-Sized City
Authors: Holobâcă Iulian-Horia , Alexe Mircea , Temerdek-Ivan Kinga , Ursu Cosmina-Daniela
Published: October 2024

Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) pose significant environmental challenges, particularly in medium-sized cities with diverse topographies. This study enhances UHI modeling by integrating the Random Forest machine learning algorithm with regression kriging techniques. Focusing on Cluj-Napoca, we address the complexities of spatial temperature variability and improve UHI mapping accuracy. The Random Forest algorithm models air temperature variations, and regression kriging enhances spatial interpolation by integrating explanatory variables and residuals. The findings reveal that the Random Forest algorithm significantly improves temperature variability explanation and reduces prediction errors. Results highlight notable spatial trends, with high-temperature sensors concentrated in the central eastern part of Cluj-Napoca. Improved UHI modeling has substantial implications for urban planning and smart city initiatives. Accurate temperature mapping enables targeted mitigation strategies, such as green infrastructure, improved urban design, and strategic placement of cooling systems. These efforts enhance urban livability, reduce energy consumption, and mitigate heat wave effects. This study underscores the importance of integrating advanced machine learning techniques with traditional geostatistical methods to address complex environmental challenges. The methodology and findings are relevant across scientific disciplines, offering a framework for the future.
Feather plucking in captive Aratinga auricapillus: influence of sex, stress, and temperament
Authors: Ferraz Clara Pérola Carvalho , Sodré-Neto Antônio Iderval , Antonio Edma Santos , Felício Luma Mar Sousa , Silva Marcio Borba , Tomazi Laize , Fraga Ricardo Evangelista
Published: October 2024

Brazil is recognized for its biological megadiversity, particularly noted for the variety of psittacines (Order Psittaciformes). Among them is Aratinga auricapillus, a species in decline in the wild and involved in illegal trafficking, frequently found in Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS) [trans. Wildlife Screening Centers]. Feather plucking is a psychogenic behavior directly related to stress that affects captive birds. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sex, stress level, and temperament on psychogenic feather plucking in A. auricapillus captive in Bahia, Brazil. Two groups were formed: the Control Group, consisting of five healthy individuals, and the Test Group, with five individuals exhibiting feather plucking. Analyses included clinical evaluation, plumage analysis, molecular sexing, pathogen investigation, leukogram, and an open field test. The heterophil:lymphocyte ratio was used to determine the stress level. Temperament was assessed through the open field test, classifying the animals as either shy or bold. Data analysis indicated a statistically significant association (p = 0.04) of sex with feather plucking, with females being more affected. These findings are valuable for deepening the understanding of the factors influencing feather plucking in A. auricapillus. Understanding this behavior is essential for developing management and conservation strategies for these birds in captivity.
CALCULATION OF THE NATIONAL NEED FOR PALLIATIVE CARE BY THE REFINED METHOD OF TRENDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A MILITARY CRISIS
Authors: Nesterenko Valentyna , Shevchenko Valentina
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Palliative and Hospice Care (PHC) in Ukraine is necessary for 300,000 patients (adults and children) whose lives are coming to an end due to incurable diseases. Ukraine is improving this area of medical care due to changes in funding. The issue of reliably predicting the need for PHC in adults and children remains unresolved.
The aim. Check the forecast of the need for palliative and hospice care for 2021 and 2022, made according to the methodology of the Ukrainian Center for Public Data (2019), and determine the optimal method of refined trend forecasting to increase reliability in the conditions of a military crisis.
Materials and methods. The forecasting was carried out using Microsoft Excel, the method of a creeping trend with a constant segment of smoothing, with a detail that allows you to determine the reliability of the forecast at the expense of a 95% confidence interval. The updated forecast takes into account migration processes in Ukraine during the war, including the impossibility of collecting medical statistics data in the temporarily occupied territories.
Results. The calculation of the need for PHC for adults and children in 2021 and years has been carried out based on the available statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Medical Statistic Service of Ukraine, national cancer and tuberculosis registries. Significant discrepancies were found between the calculated result and the forecast made before the war. The results of the forecast made in 2021 regarding the need for PHC of adults and children of Ukraine for 2021 and 2022 by the linear trend method are also compared with the results of the forecast by the creeping trend method with a constant smoothing segment. The latter was 4.70 times more accurate for adult palliative patients, and 1.25 times more accurate among palliative patients of all age categories.
Conclusions. The tendency to decrease the need for PHC among both adults and children from the period 2018–2022 is maintained, which is associated with a decrease in the quality of data collection of medical statistics, and during the military crisis, also with significant migration processes and occupation of territories. Forecasting is necessary for further planning and financing of PHC and should be carried out on an ongoing basis. Methods for assessing the need for PHC need further improvement.
AGING IN THE DIGITAL ERA: ANALYSING THE MENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF INTERNET USE AMONG GERIATRICS – A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Gaikwad Anu , Mathur Ankita , Mehta Vini , Tripathy Snehasish , Thomas Varsha
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The Internet has become an inseparable aspect of our daily lives, serving as a global method of communication, information acquisition, and entertainment. Given this scenario, where every segment of the demographic is engrossed in consistent and sustained internet usage, an assessment of the manner in which internet usage impacts the older populace becomes imperative. Accordingly, this narrative review aims to assess the impact of internet usage on the mental health of older individuals.
Method: A computer database search of Embase, Scopus, and PubMed was carried out to identify studies revolving around internet or social media usage among elderly or older adults, with a focus on outcomes related to the effect of internet usage. A narrative synthesis was subsequently performed to summarise the findings.
Results: 14 studies matched the inclusion criteria, of which four studies highlighted that internet usage, especially for social contact and entertainment, significantly increased the connection between older adults and society. Nine studies consistently indicate that a greater frequency of internet use for communication, among the elderly, can be associated with lower depression scores. However, using the internet for information access and financial management was found to be associated with a lower life satisfaction score or indicated no effect on depression scores. Many factors such as gender, age, education, geography, and purpose of internet access have a moderating effect on mental health and internet use.
Conclusion: Internet usage appears to be connected with decreased social isolation and depression among the elderly. Future research should include a wider range of internet use goals, build a standardized scale for measuring internet usage, and conduct pilot studies to create more age-friendly electronic devices and smartphone applications.
The influence of a non-uniform heat source/sink and Joule heating on the convective motion of a micropolar fluid in a chemically radiative MHD medium across a stretched sheet
Authors: Dharmaiah G. , Sidorov D. N. , Noeiaghdam S. , Panov V. P.
Published: October 2024

The objective of the present exploration is to examine impactions of radiation, a non-uniform intensity source, and a permeable medium on a temperamental MHD blended convective micropolar liquid over an extended sheet subject to Joule heating. To transform the formulated problem into ordinary differential equations, the applicable similarity transformation is implemented. By utilizing R-K-F 4th -5th order approach with shooting method with MATLAB, the numerical solution is obtained. For the relevant profiles, the dimensionless parameters are visually displayed and described. Skin friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number have all been calculated using the answer found for the velocity, temperature, and concentration. With the assistance of line graphs, the impact of different flow factors being introduced into the problem is addressed. This research is conducted on the implications of MHD, porous, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, non-liner thermal radiation and chemical reaction. For large values of micropolar parameter, the temperature is reduced and velocity and angular momentum distributions are raised. With the thermal radiation parameter, the temperature distribution gets better and thermal boundary layer is improved while the large values of Eckert number and non-uniform heat source or sink parameters, thermal boundary layer is improved. The higher thermal conductivity is proportional to the thickness of the thermal boundary layer. The concentration profile degrades with higher Schmidt number and chemical reaction parameter values. The current examination pertains to the significant subject matter of cooling of systems, artificial heart identification, oil-pipelined frictions, flow-tracers.
Personal digital sovereignty: communicative aspect
Authors: Litvintseva E. A. , Vasekin A. S.
Published: October 2024

The article reveals the essence and content of the personal digital sovereignty in the context of dynamically developing digitalization processes. The relevance of the topic is based on the growing need in security of personal, private and other sensitive data in the digital space. The use of digital profiles and accounts containing sensitive and confidential information, the use of smart devices, programs and technologies raises the question of understanding the digital sovereignty of the individual, the ways to ensure it, and the problem of communication in the digital space as a whole. In scientific and practical literature significant attention has recently been paid to the digital sovereignty of the state. However, the peculiarities of the development of a digital society, i.e. the issues of protection of the rights and interests of individual in the digital space, remain poorly studied. The subject of the article is the personal digital sovereignty, its basic characteristics and structural elements. The authors reveal the main approaches to defining the essence of this concept from the standpoint of many disciplines and branches of knowledge. The study is concluded with the authors’ definition of the concept of “personal digital sovereignty”.
The pathways of political elites in the modern information and communication reality
Authors: Sharkov F. I. , Rodionov M. A. , Volkova T. A.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the socio-political understanding of the functioning of the political and administrative elite in the modern information and communication space. The relevance of the research topic is based on the need to redefine, in current political and social reality, the concepts of political elite and administrative elite, as well as to identify its distinctive features. The authors lead theoretical foundations for defining the concepts of political elite and administrative elite from the point of view of linguistics and political science, analyse the approaches and models of western and domestic researchers on the problem of relations between the political and administrative elites, and put forward the thesis about the relative independence of the administrative elite as a category of political science analysis and the validity of studying public administration outside the framework of the concept of the dichotomy of political and administrative elites. The final part of provides the authors’ assessment of the role and the pathways of Western political elites in the context of modern geopolitical reality.
Value model of political communications of the Russian elite in conflictual and deviant polysubject environment
Authors: Stepanov K. V.
Published: October 2024

The article, based on the results of a comprehensive political analysis, substantiates that in the modern socio-political reality, the formation of a multipolar world, the problem of the effectiveness of political communications are closely related to the potential of political and administrative power elites. The communicative qualities of a modern politician are enhanced by value-civilizational and moral parameters, the ability of strategic vision and the ability to maintain civilizational and value discourse in the political and economic system and direct it towards sustainable advanced development of society. This, in turn, involves the analysis and development of parameters for diagnosing the quality of modern Russian political and administrative elites, their moral and professional adequacy and aptitude; so is the actualization and solution of the problem of deviations at the elite level of political power. In order to form a value model of political communications of the Russian elite, it is necessary to comprehensively consider management systems based on specific values (including management of public values), identify and position public values as determinants of socio-political development, develop mechanisms to counteract the value degradation and marginalization of national elites, take into account the propensity of the Russian government to identify internal and external enemies in the previous stages of development, and also to the uncritical borrowing of the models of democracy alien to the Russian cultural and civilizational code, and the image imitation of elite qualities.
Artificial Intelligence and mass media: negative aspects of content personalization algorithms
Authors: Tikhoniuk A. A.
Published: October 2024

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and machine learning algorithms is increasingly influencing various aspects of social life, gradually finding its place not only in social media but also in journalism (Newman). They are actively being integrated into various fields of mass media, enabling the automation of several processes within media companies, thereby optimizing the work of journalists, editors, and media managers. This topic represents a pertinent issue in the modern information society (Túñez López et al.). AI and its machine learning capabilities have become integral parts of the processes of content creation, analysis, and distribution, bringing new opportunities along with significant challenges. For instance, personalization algorithms allow for the adaptation of information to the individual interests and preferences of each user, increasing their engagement and satisfaction with the content. Thus, social networks and many other internet platforms are personalized for each user based on their demographic profiles and personal data. This article provides an overview of current scientific data on the potential risks associated with the use of content personalization algorithms in mass media. The results and conclusions of the article will help to better understand the nature of these risks and the associated challenges for the field of mass communication.
Employment quality in the new socio-economic reality: theoretical and methodological foundations
Authors: Kolot Anatolii , Ryabokon Ivan , Babii Julia
Published: October 2024

The article contains scientific arguments for aggravating social and labor problems, especially employment in its various manifestations. It substantiates the need to update the theoretical and methodological foundations of employment in general and its quality in particular. A modern view of the employment institute is presented.
The author's concept of employment quality has been revealed. The proposed conceptology of employment quality is based on the latest theoretical and methodological foundations and opens new horizons for further scientific and applied research. First of all, it concerns development of theoretical, methodological and applied principles of employment quality assessment. It is proven that the newest trend of the current digital age is the emergence and intensive reproduction of gaps in the quality of jointly distributed labor as part of various types of both standard and especially non-standard forms of employment.
The article's key quintessence is the authors' vision of employment quality as a prerequisite for sustainable people-dimensional development and justification of the need to move the institute of employment quality to the epicenter of theoretical and applied research, which should become a platform for scientific support of formation and implementation of a new social and labor policy.
Further research in the field of scientific support for social and labor development has received scientific interpretation.
About the works from the collection of architect V. A. Tauber in the department of folk art of the State Russian Museum
Authors:   The State Russian Museum, Pudov Gleb A.
Published: October 2024

The existence of his personal collection is confirmed already in 1925, when he donated to the museum six boxes with disassembled parts of various copper church utensils. After the architect’s death, when being accepted for temporary storage in the Russian museum in 1944, the items were distributed among several departments. Today, some of them are in the folk art department. A variety of metal products from the collection of V. A. Tauber (candles, wedding crowns, keys, locks, candleholder, caskets called “teremki”, brackets, bratina, mace) have not previously been the subject of special research. Most of them did not have the time and place of production determined. Therefore, the author of this article focused on the issues of attribution of these products. The artistic analysis was also carried out. Numerous analogies from Russian and foreign museums were used. The items were considered as a whole collection. As a result, it is concluded that most of the items from the collection of V. A. Tauber are beautiful works of folk art, which demonstrates an infinite variety of artistic solutions. This is emphasized not only by their presence on the permanent exhibition of the department of folk art, but also by their publication in various museum books. Most of the artistic works are in the field of ecclesiastical art, so it is possible that they are related to the Museum of a dying cult.