bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Pendidikan Menuju Insan Kamil Perspektif Filsafat Islam
Authors: Anwar Saiful
Published: January 2022

This article aims to learn how to conduct an adequate evaluation using approaches based on Islamic philosophy. Because inconsistencies in the implementation of educational assessments can lead to less than optimal results after inspection, this requires appropriate methods for the full review. The author made this article with a library approach, collecting materials from library books, research reports, newspapers, books, research reports, theses, dissertations, and scientific journals in print and non-print media. In Islamic education, the purpose of the evaluation is to make al-Insan al-Kamil human or a complete human person. Likewise, the purpose of education is to educate students to have faith, be pious, develop a religious mentality, master science, and apply what has been learned in school to adapt to the life of the wider community. Evaluation can also provide feedback to students about their achievements and the extent of their perspectives and knowledge during the learning process. Philosophy also educates people to think, have insight, and reason broadly to view an event or problem from various perspectives, with the result being the correct answer.
Determination of the safety factor of cement stone based on numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone, taking into account the change in the elastic-strength properties of cement during its hardening and under the influence of an acid reagent
Authors:   Institute of Oil and Gas Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Popov S. N.
Published: January 2022

The results of laboratory studies of the elastic-strength properties of cement stone samples depending on the hardening time and the effect of an acid reagent, and approximated dependences of the change in the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and strength properties, depending on the time characteristics for two types of plugging materials are presented. A finite element scheme of the nearwellbore zone has been developed, taking into account the cement stone and the production casing. The results of numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of columns with a diameter of 146 and 178 mm, cement stone and reservoir rocks near the well based on an elastic model are presented. The analysis of the stress field for the occurrence of zones of destruction in the cement stone using the Coulomb-Mohr criterion is carried out. It is shown that, depending on the time of hardening and the effect of an acidic reagent, cement does not collapse and retains a sufficient safety factor. Keywords: cement stone; plugging material; elastic-strength properties; near-wellbore zone; numerical model; finite element method; stress-strain state; safety factor.
Carbonate oil and gas source rocks wettability alteration due to influence of polymer-colloidal drilling mud
Authors:   Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Skibitskaya N. A. , Burkhanova I. O. ,   Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Bolshakov M. N. ,   Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Kuzmin V. A. ,   Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Marutyan O. O. ,   Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2022

Evaluation of rock wettability is an important task, since this parameter determines the distribution of water and oil in the reservoirs and their relative and phase permeability. The reliability of evaluation the wettability of rock samples depends on the drilling-in conditions during core sampling and core sample preparation methods. The investigation of the surface properties of the core from the Orenburg oil and gas condensate field showed that using of polymer-colloidal drilling mud leads to hydrophilization of the samples' surface. To obtain information on the actual wettability values of rock samples taken from wells drilled with polymer-colloidal drilling mud a method for estimating the relative (predominant) wettability of rocks based on petrophysical and lithological studies data is proposed. The authors suggest that the extraction of oil and gas source rock samples leads to irreversible changes in surface properties that cannot be restored. Keywords: selective wettability; relative wettability; predominant wettability; polymer-colloidal drilling mud; residual gas saturation; trapped gas saturation; pore space structure; extraction.
Microstructural wettability of oil and gas condensate zones of the Karachaganak field
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Moscow, Russia, Mikhailov N. N. ,   Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Sechina L. S. ,   Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2022

The Karachaganak field is represented by gas condensate and oil zones, a convenient object for studying changes in microstructural wettability during the transition from one zone to another. Microstructural wettability was characterized by a hydrophobization coefficient, Ѳн, which determines the proportion of the pore surface area occupied by adsorbed hydrocarbons. It was found that Ѳн of the samples of the gas and gas condensate zones is the same (on average 0.140), the oil zone - on average 0.250. Analysis of the IR spectra of extracted hydrocarbons showed that the microstructural wettability of the oil zone contains more aromatic, aliphatic, oxidized and sulfur-containing structures and fewer branched structures than in the gas condensate zone. The microstructural wettability of carbonate reservoirs depends on the hydrocarbon composition of the adsorbed oil. Keywords: microstructural wettability; hydrophobic coefficient; hydrocarbons; spectral coefficients.
The technical solution to reduce the cost of eliminating the seizure of the drill string in the well
Authors:   Tyumen Industrial University, Branch in Nizhnevartovsk, Russia, Korabelnikov M. I. , Bastrikov S. N. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Tyumen, Russia, Aksenova N. A. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Branch in Nizhnevartovsk, Russia
Published: January 2022

The analysis of the nonproductive time when drilling wells is conducted in the paper. it is established that the most of it is associated with the accidents and complications, with the main share (60%)-seizures. The statistical analysis of the reasons for the occurrence of seizures and the effectiveness of methods for their elimination is presented. A drill string disconnector (RBC) developed at the Tyumen Industrial University is proposed for unscrewing drill pipes and freeing them from trapped pipes. Keywords: well; drill pipes; accidents; seizure; drilling tool; drill string break.
Economic method of oil production based on electrophoresis
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia, Kolesnik S. V. , Shangin E. S. ,   Nizhnevartovsk State University, Nizhnevartovsk, Russia
Published: January 2022

Electrophoresis can be considered as a fundamentally new method of lifting oil without the use of producing wells and mechanical devices, with the help of which it is supposed to organize oil extraction from explored fields with a reduction in its cost by 70-80%. The source of electricity for the implementation of the proposed method of oil recovery based on electrophoresis can be a method of autonomous generation of electricity based on atmospheric electricity. This method is based on the operation of a natural generator consisting of the Earth, the atmosphere, the ionosphere and the Earth›s magnetic field.The proposed energy source is simple in design, convenient to use. As a result, the resulting energy is very cheap and environmentally friendly. The use of such an installation can be carried out in any area of the Earth. Keywords: oil production; electrophoresis; electric field; atmospheric electricity; carbon; the cost of lifting oil.
Dual gradient drilling: a pilot test of decanter centrifuge for CAPM technology
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Ganiev R. I. , Deboer Luc ,   Dual Gradient Systems LLC, Texas, USA, Agliullin A. H. ,   Center for Engineering Technologies LLC, Moscow, Russia, Ismakov R. A. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia
Published: January 2022

The article is about problem of drilling deepwater oil and gas wells that consists in complicating and increasing cost of their well design due to narrowing mud window at different depths. The authors analyse drilling technology developed and applied in practice of offshore drilling with a dual gradient drilling, which allows drilling significant intervals without overlapping an intermediate casing string. Based on analysis of these technologies and taking into account their disadvantages the authors proposed and tested a new drilling technology of dual gradient drilling with placement of all necessary innovative equipment on drilling platform. Keywords: managed pressure drilling; deepwater drilling; offshore drilling; dual gradient drilling; riser; oil and gas exploration in sea.
Forecast and assessment of hydrocarbon potential of cretaceous and jurassic deposits of the Kara Sea shelf based on the results of geological exploration
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia, Dzyublo A. D. , Maslov V.  V. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia, Sidorov V. V. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia, Shnip O. A. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2022

According to the oil and geological zoning, the water area of the Kara Sea, including the Ob and Taz Bays, is located on the border of three oil and gas-bearing regions: Yamal, Gydan and Nadym-Purskaya, having different characteristics of oil and gas potential by section and by area. As a result of geological exploration carried out in the water area and on the adjacent land, a wide age range of oil and gas potential was revealed. Seven fields have been discovered in the waters of the Yuzhno-Kara NGO: six gas condensate fields in Cretaceous Cenomanian-Albian deposits and one oil and gas condensate field in Cretaceous and Jurassic deposits. Large gas condensate fields have been explored in the Ob and Taz bays in the Cenomanian-Alb-Apt complex. The water area of the lips is one of the most important areas in terms of the growth of economically viable natural gas resources. According to the research results, it has been established that the UV potential of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous complexes of the Ob and Taz Bays is characterized as highly promising. Keywords: Kara Sea; shelf; cretaceous and jurassic deposits.
Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Development in Guinea: Causality Analysis
Authors: Keita Oumar , Yu Baorong , Moshoeshoe Nthabeleng Lilian
Published: January 2022

This essay provides a better comprehension of the other disregarded impacts of FDI by examining first, the causality direction then the long- and short-term interaction among inward FDI and financial development in Guinea using 1990-2017 data set.

The empirical assertions are grounded on the Granger causality wald test, Bounds test for co-integration, Error correction model (ECM) and the Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework. FDI per GDP net inflows and Credit to private sector are respectively adopted as FDI measure and financial advancement indicator. The following outcomes are established: first, FDI in the long term negatively influence financial advancement in Guinea at 5% magnitude. This inference indicates that 1 percent surge in FDI per GDP induces 0.389 decrease in credit to private sector. Second, FDI per GDP [L1] negatively and significantly interact with financial advancement in the short term. Suggesting that 1 percent increase in FDI in the short term engenders 0.215 decrease in credit to private sector. Third, the causality direction remains unidirectional irrespective to the number of lags. Finally, the long- and short-term coefficients tell us the same story regardless of the time effects. Overall, contrary to the common perceptions, we found strong evidence that foreign investment does not enhance financial development in Guinea. In terms of practical implications, it seems ineffective to use FDI as financial advancement instrument within the Guinean context.
Step Pyramid Distribution for Prime Numbers
Authors: said soltan Shaimaa
Published: January 2022

In this document, we will present a new way to visualize the distribution of Prime Numbers in the number system to spot Prime numbers in a subset of numbers using a simpler algorithm.

Then we will look throw a classification algorithm to check if a number is prime using only 7 simple arithmetic operations with an algorithm complexity less than or equal to O (7) operations for any number.
The Therapeutic potential of interferon-gamma in tuberculosis
Authors: Berns Svetlana A. , Isakova Julia A. , Pekhtereva Polina
Published: January 2022

Tuberculosis is one of the critical health problems worldwide. The search for ways to improve the results of tuberculosis treatment and overcome drug resistance lies in understanding the pathogenesis of the development of the infectious process. The interferon system, particularly the role of interferon-gamma, has been identified as the main link in the immune response in tuberculosis. The clinical efficacy of interferon-gamma has been studied and evaluated in clinical trials since the end of the last century. There was obtained evidence of the clinical efficacy of interferon-gamma as part of complex therapy. Recent experimental data make it possible to consider interferon-gamma as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis as part of complex therapy worthy of further studies.
Piecza zastępcza ‒ perspektywa historyczna i kształt obecny
Authors: Dzieduszyński Piotr
Published: January 2022

Problem sprawowania opieki nad dziećmi osieroconymi i opuszczonymi występował we wszystkich kulturach, epokach i systemach społecznych. Zapewnienie pieczy zastępczej należało i należy do uznawanych powszechnie obowiązków społeczności wobec tych dzieci. Początkowo opieka nad dzieckiem osieroconym nie była zinstytucjonalizowana, a dzieci opuszczone pozostawały pod opieką indywidualnych osób i rodzin. W Europie dopiero w XIII w. Kościół katolicki zaczął tworzyć pierwsze instytucje opiekuńcze. Z czasem coraz większą rolę zaczęło odgrywać państwo oraz organizacje społeczne. Od tego czasu rodzinne i zinstytucjonalizowane formy opieki funkcjonują obok siebie. Przez wieki (nie zawsze skutecznie) starano się udoskonalać funkcjonowanie zarówno samych placówek, jak i stosowanych w nich metod wychowawczo-opiekuńczych. Również współcześnie w Polsce trwa spór o model sprawowania pieczy zastępczej, który w dużym uproszczeniu toczy się pomiędzy zwolennikami zachowania wyłącznie rodzinnych form opieki a praktykami i teoretykami widzącymi sens w utrzymaniu tych instytucjonalnych. Celem artykułu jest usytuowanie obecnego dyskursu dotyczącego kształtu sprawowania pieczy zastępczej nad dzieckiem w szerszym kontekście historycznym. Rozpatrując sytuację dzieci pozbawionych opieki rodzicielskiej, koncentrujemy się na stanie obecnym, rzadko kiedy przyjmując perspektywę historyczną. Ta zaś może dać przykłady dobrych praktyk w zakresie opieki nad dziećmi osieroconymi, jak również szeregów działań podejmowanych w przeszłości, które powinny stanowić przestrogę. Ponadto omówiono wpływ różnych form opieki zastępczej na rozwój psychofizyczny podopiecznych. Zebrane dane wskazują, że im bardziej rodzinny charakter przyjmuje piecza zastępcza, tym mniejsze ryzyko poważnych problemów natury psychicznej, emocjonalnej i społecznej u wychowanków.
DNN and XGBoost for modelling of strength of porous concrete with recycled aggregates
Authors: Aggarwal S.
Published: January 2022

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Durability and Microstructural Behavior of Nano Silica-Marble Dust Concrete
Authors: Kashyap V.S.
Published: January 2022

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PM 2.5 modelling during paddy stubble burning months using artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Sangwan V.
Published: January 2022

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FERRAMENTA DE APOIO AOS COMANDANTES DAS OPERAÇÕES DE SOCORRO EM INTERVENÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS DAS EQUIPAS DE BOMBEIROS
Authors: Barahona Pedro  Miguel  Sousa , Dias Ana Filomena de Figueiredo , Santos Carla  Maria  Lopes  da  Silva  Afonso  dos
Published: January 2022

In a scenario of structural intervention situation, the On-Scene Commanders (COS) only have at their disposal the data provided by the one who gave the alert, which are insufficient to provide a secure and informed decision-making. Through a quantitative, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional research, using a questionnaire applied to operational staff who perform the COS function, results a survey of the COS information needs. According to the results, it is concluded that the purpose of knowing the risks and outlining a more effective, faster and safer combat strategy for operational personnel involved, could be compromised by the limited information available. A proposal for a new support tool for COS function - the Initial Intervention Plan (PII) - was developed, which is a document of quick and intuitive consultation, supplying the needs of information for COS.
Descrição da Primeira Fase do Workflow CellHeap para Análise Single-Cell RNA-seq
Authors: Silva Gabriel P. T. , S. de Castro Maria Clicia , Silva Vanessa S. , Silva Fabrício A. B.
Published: January 2022

Este artigo descreve a etapa inicial do workflow CellHeap utilizado na análise dos dados de sequenciamento de células únicas (scRNA-seq). A Fase 1 deste consiste no download e validação dos dados de amostras a serem utilizados nas fases subsequentes. Ao fim, são descritos algumas melhorias planejadas para esta etapa.
Loyalität auf industriellen Internet of Things Plattformen
Authors: Schüler Fabian
Published: January 2022

Welche Eigenschaften von IIoT-Plattformen beeinflussen die langfristige Bindung der Akteure an das Plattformökosystem? Basierend auf der Theorie der Netzwerkexternalitäten, der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion und der Prinzipal-Agenten-Theorie wird ein theoretisches Untersuchungsmodell entwickelt. Dieses wird mittels Strukturgleichungsmodell empirisch überprüft und die zentralen Werttreiber von IIoT-Plattformen identifiziert. Aus den empirischen Ergebnissen der Untersuchung werden zuletzt Gestaltungsempfehlungen zur Steigerung der Loyalität der Akteure abgeleitet.
Auswirkungen von Ermessensspielräumen in Vergütungssystemen auf das Verhalten von Mitarbeitern
Authors: Müller Fabian
Published: January 2022

The design of compensation systems and performance evaluation are subject to subjective influences by the compensation authority. The ex-post adjustment of performance measures is one way of adjusting compensation if an uncontrollable event has affected the achievement targeted. Clawback clauses are intended to reduce manipulation in reporting by allowing compensation that has already been paid out or promised to be reclaimed. Whether ex-post adjustments or clawback clauses are exercised is at the discretion of the compensation authority. This dissertation therefore uses experiments to investigate the effect of the relationships between the design and exercise of discretion on employee behaviour.
Die Digitalisierung der Kreditwirtschaft
Authors: Schmitt Martin
Published: January 2022

Wie Sparkassen in Ost und West in das digitale Zeitalter aufbrachen.

Die Digitalisierung veränderte die deutsche Kreditwirtschaft bereits seit den 1950er Jahren von Grund auf. Sowohl in der Bundesrepublik als auch in der DDR stand sie in den folgenden Jahrzehnten in enger Wechselwirkung mit der Expansion, Umstrukturierung und der Ausweitung der Dienstleistungen von Banken und Sparkassen. Bis zur Wiedervereinigung wurde die Branche zu einem der größten Computeranwender. Das Buch zeichnet eine innovative Perspektive aus, indem Schmitt zeigt, wie Banken und Sparkassen Digitalisierung in ihre Software einprogrammierten. Dadurch veränderten sich nicht nur interne Prozesse, sondern ebenso das Verhältnis zu den KundInnen. Plötzlich arbeiteten neue Akteure wie ProgrammiererInnen in den Kreditinstituten. Mit seiner zeithistorischen Studie gibt Martin Schmitt Einblick in einen der bedeutendsten Wandlungsprozesse der Gegenwart: Welche Impulse für die Digitalisierung setzte die deutsche Wirtschaft? Welche Unterschiede gab es beim Computereinsatz im Kapitalismus und im Sozialismus? Und welche Auswirkungen hatte dies auf das Schicksal der vielen Angestellten wie auch auf die Sparguthaben der Bevölkerung?
Mohnblumenkriege
Authors: Barop Helena
Published: January 2022

In ihrer Geschichte der globalen US-amerikanischen Drogenpolitik erklärt Helena Barop, warum der »War on Drugs« gescheitert ist.

Der Krieg gegen die Drogen ist gescheitert: Bei dem Versuch, den Anbau und Schmuggel von Drogen zu verhindern, verstrickten sich die USA zwischen 1950 und 1979 in ein teures, globales Projekt mit zahlreichen Nebenwirkungen und verheerenden Folgen. Sie ließen in der Türkei den Opiumanbau verbieten und hatten dann Probleme, Opium für die Herstellung von Medikamenten zu beschaffen. Sie stoppten thailändische Opiumkarawanen und trieben damit die lokalen Opiumpreise in die Höhe, was wieder neue Anreize schaffte, mehr Opium anzubauen. Sie schickten Vietnamveteranen nach Mexiko, wo sie Militärpiloten zeigten, wie man mit Hubschraubern Pflanzengifte auf Opiumfelder sprüht. Dreißig Jahre später versank Mexiko im Drogenkrieg - auch, weil die USA mit den Opiumzerstörungen die Konkurrenz der brutalsten und korruptesten Drogenunternehmer beseitigt hatten.
Helena Barop rekonstruiert, warum und seit wann Drogen in den USA als Problem wahrgenommen wurden und wie die Drogenbehörden dieses Problem zu lösen versuchten. Sie zeigt, wie die Drogenpolitik den US-amerikanischen Staat immer wieder an seine Grenzen brachte, und erklärt, warum die globale Drogenprohibition nicht gelingen kann.

Ausgezeichnet mit dem Dissertationspreis der AG Internationale Geschichte im Verband der Historiker und Historikerinnen Deutschlands, dem Deutschen Studienpreis 2021 (2. Preis Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften) der Körber-Stiftung und dem Gerhard-Ritter-Preis 2021.
Management of Appendicitis
Authors: P. Bhabhor Vishal
Published: January 2022

Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdomen with life time risk between 6 and 8% and it’s a most common non obstetric surgical emergency during pregnancy. Appendicitis is claimed to be unknown in the villages of India and China in paper by A. M. Spencer. The reason is simply due to the fact that diagnostic facilities do not exist and cases are not recognized. So diagnosing acute appendicitis accurately and efficiently can reduce morbidity and mortality from perforation and other complications. Surgical intervention is the first choice for appendicitis with medical management being reserved for special situations.
Routine and Innovation in Surgical Therapy of Gallstones
Authors: Dubovan Peter , Aziri Ramadan , Tomáš Miroslav
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the anatomy of the gallbladder with the anatomical variations potentially impacting surgical therapy. It is dissertated upon the clinical indication for the surgical therapy with consecutive treatment. The discussion on the surgery focuses on the patient’s safety and strategies for safe cholecystectomy with an optimal approach. Even though the efforts to minimise potential complications are made, the complication may arise, and therefore, the last part of this chapter discusses such cases with optimal clinical management.
Ultrasound-Guided Regional Analgesia for Post-Cesarean Pain
Authors: Santillán Roldan Pablo , Cepeda Mora Andrés , Armas Cruz Pablo , Guacales Zambrano Lorena , Paredes Geraldine , Campoverde Cajamarca Andrea
Published: January 2022

Pain management after a surgical intervention is one of the fundamental pillars for optimal patient recovery. In obstetric patients, this management may affect the mother and the newborn. The gold standard for analgesic management is the use of intrathecal morphine due to its long-lasting effect; however, adverse effects related to the use of opioids are evidenced, whether administered intrathecally or systemically in case of contraindication to the neuraxial approach or if a long-acting opioid is not available. Cesarean sections have been associated with moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. Multimodal analgesic management seeks to minimize the undesirable effects on the mother-newborn binomial in order to increase maternal satisfaction. The most studied regional blocks for this surgery are the transversus abdominis plane block and the ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric block, which shows contradictory evidence at the time of evaluate pain where there is no significant difference compared with intrathecal morphine, but there were fewer side effects with the TAP block group when assessing pruritus, nausea, and vomiting. Quadratus lumborum and erectus spinae plane block demonstrate its usefulness with better pain management compared with TAP block regardless of them having a higher level of complexity due to the visceral pain control; but there is no evidence with methodologic quality enough that demonstrates better outcomes compared with intrathecal morphine.
Recent Megafires Provide a Tipping Point for Desertification of Conifer Ecosystems
Authors: G. Neary Daniel
Published: January 2022

Recent megafires and gigafires are contributing to the desertification of conifer forest ecosystems due to their size and severity. Megafires have been increasing in their frequency in the past two decades of the 21st century. They are classed as such because of being 40,469 to 404,694 ha in size, having high complexity, resisting suppression, and producing desertification due to erosion and vegetation type conversion. Increasingly, gigafires (>404,694 ha) are impacting coniferous forest ecosystems. These were once thought of as only pre-20th century phenomena when fire suppression was in its infancy. Climate change is an insidious inciting factor in large wildfire occurrences. Fire seasons are longer, drier, hotter, and windier due to changes in basic meteorology. Conifer forests have accumulated high fuel loads in the 20th and 21st centuries. Ignition sources in conifer forests have increased as well due to human activities, economic development, and population demographics. Natural ignitions from lightning are increasing as a result of greater severe thunderstorm activity. Drought has predisposed these forests to easy fire ignition and spread. Wildfires are more likely to produce vegetation shifts from conifers to scrublands or grasslands, especially when wildfires occur with higher frequency and severity. Severe erosion after megafires has the collateral damage of reducing conifer resilience and sustainability.
The Learning Situation in the Computer-Oriented Centers for Children in Tunisia, Interchangeability, and Interdependence: Contexts, Challenges and Experience’s Building Ethnographic Approach
Authors: Rejeb Abdessatar
Published: January 2022

There are several non-formal learning experiences related to the use of computer technologies. Tunisia presents one of these experiences that merits study. I have devoted part of my research to this matter, non-formal education. In this chapter, I have studied the experience of the computer-oriented centers for children. The study was conducted in the educational year 2002–2003. The importance of the data in this study remains reliable to this day. The goals of this chapter is to examine (1) the impact of elements of non-formal learning situation to the informatics project realized by children in its centers, and (2) the impact of the problem situation to social reality shaping, and (3) the impact of the use of computer technology in a learning situation that is different from the formal learning. I consider that a careful constructivist analysis is required to achieve this objective. The results show that an organizational context that operates according to a logic in which social knowledge is interconnected. So, to attain these results I proceeded with an ethnographic approach. I observed 60 children in 67 sessions; each session lasted 1h: 30 mn. I analysed interactions between children and between children and their educators, its are the product of a cognitive and affective commitment, that oriented by the principle of reciprocity.
Surface Integrity of Ball Burnished 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Attabi Selma , Himour Abdelaziz , Laouar Lakhdar , Motallebzadeh Amir
Published: January 2022

316L is a type of austenitic stainless steel that offers a good combination of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In some industrial applications, it is necessary to proceed to finish treatments to extend the lifetime of the mechanical parts. In the present chapter, ball burnishing treatment is applied to improve the surface integrity of 316L since the performance behavior of parts is directly dependant on the surface properties of the used material. Both surface topography and surface microhardness of 316L after subjection to ball burnishing are studied. The number of burnishing passes is varied by up to five to investigate its effect on the results. Optical profilometer and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to analyze the surface roughness and surface topography texture while measurements of microhardness Vickers were proceeded to investigate the changes in surface hardening.
New Approaches in Synthesis and Characterization Methods of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Chircov Cristina , Stefan Vasile Bogdan
Published: January 2022

Recent years have witnessed an extensive application of iron oxide nanoparticles within a wide variety of fields, including drug delivery, hyperthermia, biosensing, theranostics, and cell and molecular separation. Consequently, synthesis and characterization methods have continuously evolved to provide the possibility for controlling the physico-chemical and biological properties of the nanoparticles to better suit the envisaged applications. In this manner, this chapter aims to provide an extensive overview of the most recent progress made within the processes of iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis and characterization. Thus, the chapter will focus on novel and advanced approaches reported in the literature for obtaining standardized nanoparticles with controllable properties and effects. Specifically, it will emphasize the most recent progress made within the microwave-assisted, microfluidics, and green synthesis methods, as they have shown higher capacities of controlling the outcome nanoparticle properties.
(α, β)−Pythagorean Fuzzy Numbers Descriptor Systems
Authors: Fan Chuan-qiang , Xie Wei-he , Liu Feng
Published: January 2022

By using pythagorean fuzzy sets and T-S fuzzy descriptor systems, the new (α, β)-pythagorean fuzzy descriptor systems are proposed in this paper. Their definition is given firstly, and the stability of this kind of systems is studied, the relation of (α, β)-pythagorean fuzzy descriptor systems and T-S fuzzy descriptor systems is discussed. The (α, β)-pythagorean fuzzy controller and the stability of (α, β)-pythagorean fuzzy descriptor systems are deeply researched. The (α, β)-pythagorean fuzzy descriptor systems can be better used to solve the problems of actual nonlinear control. The (α, β)-pythagorean fuzzy descriptor systems will be a new research direction, and will become a universal method to solve practical problems. Finally, an example is given to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method.
Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines: A Ready-to-Act Strategy to Tackle Viral Outbreaks
Authors: Conejero Laura , Saz-Leal Paula , Luis Subiza José
Published: January 2022

Viral outbreaks have become significant threats to global human public health. New emerging viruses, pathogen mutations, and even the progressive loss of efficacy in some existing vaccines are behind this problem, which is amplified by the rapid virus spread given the ease of current mobility. Taking into account that these outbreaks arise in the absence of conventional effective vaccines, alternative approaches based on trained (innate) immunity are being considered. This immunity is dependent on a functional reprogramming of innate immune cells, leading to an enhanced nonspecific response towards different pathogens, including viruses. Trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbVs), defined as vaccine formulations containing trained immunity inducers, could be used during viral outbreaks to confer non-specific protection but also to enhance adaptive specific immune responses. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate how TIbVs could tackle the above-mentioned situations derived from viral outbreaks, reviewing the potential of available TIbVs in such urgent situations with a special mention to COVID-19.
Applications of Surfactants and Nanoparticles in Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes
Authors: A. Paternina Christian
Published: January 2022

The surfactant injection is considered as the EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) with the highest potential to recover oil from reservoirs due to its ability to reduce interfacial forces into the porous medium. However, the adsorption of this type of chemical on the surface of rocks is the main problem when a surfactant injection project is applied since the surfactant molecules would rather be placed on rock minerals instead of being the oil–water interface. Based on this fact, this chapter would be discussed the significance of surfactant injection as an EOR method, the types of surfactants used, the main mechanism and parameters involved in the surfactant adsorption on the rock, and its consequences in oil recovery. Likewise, the addition of nanoparticles to inhibit the adsorption of surfactants is another topic that will be covered as a novel technology to improve the efficiency of the EOR process.
Exchange Rate Volatility and Monetary Policy Shocks
Authors: Peter Eze Gbalam , Waikumo Okotori Tonprebofa
Published: January 2022

The study investigated the influence of innovations in monetary policy on the rate of exchange volatility in Nigeria. The research adopted vector error correction model as well as impulse response function and forecast error variance decomposition function in the estimation using two models derived in the study. Monthly data between the periods 2009 and 2019 were adopted for the research. Our findings show that in the long run; all the monetary policy variables have a significant long run correlation with volatility in the exchange rate; but that money supply and the rate of exchange seem to have significant short run impact on volatility in the exchange rate, the other variables such as liquidity ratio or monetary policy rate did not show a significant short run relationship with the volatility in the exchange rate. Further findings on the volatility impulse response and the forecast error variance decomposition suggest a significant link between volatility in the exchange rate and money supply though the link was much more pronounced. The use of monthly data shows that the managed exchange rate regime by the CBN seems to have the desired effect in exchange rate volatility and thus having a critical impact on inflationary spikes.
Why Pre-IPO Studies Are Unsound in Concept and in Practice
Authors: Matthews Gilbert E.
Published: January 2022

This article explains why pre–initial public offering (IPO) studies are not a valid basis for determining marketability discounts. They are unsound in concept because the pre-IPO transactions and the subsequent IPO are priced at materially different dates and because the IPO price is not knowable at the earlier date. They are unsound in practice for several reasons, such as selectivity—the data include only companies that subsequently become publicly traded—and the fact that any pre-IPO discount includes not only a marketability discount but also a second discount for the risk that the IPO may not take place.
Impact of Povidone-iodine Versus Chlorhexidine for Periurethral Cleaning Before Catheterization on Pyuria and Bacteriuria Among Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Movahedi Maryam , Ghafari Somayeh , Vahabi Elham , Haghighat Somayeh
Published: January 2022

Background: We aimed to determine the effect of periurethral cleaning before catheterization using chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine on bacteriuria and pyuria. Methods: This study was a single-blind clinical trial on a sample selected by convenience sampling. Demographic and clinical questionnaires were completed, and patients were randomly divided into two groups) 36 patients each of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine using Minimization Software based on confounding variables including age, consciousness level, triage level, nutritional status, and underlying disease. The periurethral areas were cleaned with the given antiseptics and catheterized using standard and sterile procedures. Then, specimens were taken for urinalysis and urine culture immediately, 72 hours, and five days after catheterization. Then, bacteriuria rate, pyuria rate, and the number of microorganisms were determined through examinations. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 19. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the bacteriuria rate between the two groups immediately (P = 0.76), 72 hours (P = 0.22), and five days (P = 0.50) after catheterization. The positive pyuria rate was not significantly different between the two groups immediately after catheterization. However, it was significantly higher in the povidone-iodine group 72 hours (P = 0.03) and five days (P = 0.004) after catheterization. The Mann-Whitney test compared the mean number of microorganisms between the two groups at different times. This test showed no significant difference in the number of microorganisms immediately (P = 0.93), 72 hours (P = 0.43), and five days (P = 0.61) after catheterization. Conclusions: Due to the lower side effects of chlorhexidine than povidone-iodine, it is suggested that similar studies be performed in other hospital wards with more stable patients to obtain more statistically significant results.
Měkkýši přírodních památek Kalábová a Kalábová 2 v CHKO Bílé Karpaty [Molluscs of the Kalábová and Kalábová 2 Nature Monuments in the White Carpathians PLA]
Authors: Coufal Radovan , Horsák Michal
Published: January 2022

The Kalábová (K1) and Kalábová 2 (K2) Nature Monuments are located in the central part of the White Carpathians PLA near the village of Březová. Both monuments protect treeless wet grasslands and tufa forming spring fens, which were originally part of a larger wetland complex. A total of 51 species were recorded in K1 (47 terrestrial and two aquatic gastropods and two bivalves). Of these, 30 species (56%) are woodland dwellers that were recorded during the survey in 2000, shortly after the area was logged. In contrast, none of these species was detected during the recent survey in 2021. However, these species are widespread in the region and Nature Monuments surroundings and some are likely present also in the ecotones of the spring meadow and adjacent forest. Currently, hygrophilous and wetland dwellers dominate (9 spp.; 17%), followed by ubiquitous (7; 15%), open-ground (4; 8%) and aquatic species (4; 8%). At K2, 19 species were recorded, including 15 terrestrial and two aquatic gastropods, and two bivalves. The two most species-rich ecogroups were hygrophilous and wetland dwellers (5; 26%) and woodland dwellers (5; 26%), the latter were prevailing probably due to relatively recent deforestation between 2012–2014. Aquatic species were represented by four species (21%), followed by three ubiquitous (16%) and one open-ground (5%) species. The spring dweller Bythinella austriaca (NT) and the declining wetland umbrella species Vertigo angustior (VU; NATURA 2000) inhabited both localities in high densities. To maintain the favourable habitat conservation status of the reserves, the sites should be managed extensively by grazing or mowing.
Pleural effusion in a COVID-19 patient
Authors: Aritonović-Pribaković Jelena , Perić Milica , Milošević Jelena , Janićević Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

Introduction/Aim: Pleural effusions are rarely seen on computerized tomography (CT) or radiography (X-ray) images of the chest, in coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). When present, they usually occur late in the course of the disease; they are mostly unilateral but can also be bilateral, and are absorbed after two days. Studies have also shown that pleural effusions occur primarily in the elderly and individuals with underlying respiratory disease. The incidence of respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as the mortality rates are higher in patients with pleural effusion than in patients without it. Our aim is to report a case that is different from the most commonly described cases in available literature. Patient presentation: We present a 49-year-old, comorbidity-free COVID-19 patient, who developed pleural effusion on the 10th day of hospitalization. The pleural effusion was unilateral and did not appear on a repeat lung radiography after four days. Except an elevated platelet count, the blood count parameters were in the reference ranges, while the value of CRP was slightly elevated. The patient was discharged with a good general health status, after 16 days of hospitalization. Conclusion: This case provides insight into the course and prognosis of the COVID-19 disease that is different from what has been reported in previously published papers and shows that pleural effusions do not occur only in elderly patients with comorbidities and a severe clinical presentation of the COVID-19 infection.
The COVID-19 infection from the perspective of the gastroenterologist
Authors: Branković Marija , Jovanović Igor , Radonjić Tijana , Marković Olivera , Brajković Milica , Popadić Višeslav , Klašnja Slobodan , Zdravković Marija
Published: January 2022

The gastrointestinal tract and liver are not spared, when it comes to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), as it doesn't only affect the respiratory tract, but it is also a systemic disease that causes multiple organ damage. In this review, we have united all information that is clinically significant for physicians dealing with this infection, especially for gastroenterologists. One must bear in mind that gastrointestinal symptoms can be the first and/or only indicators of COVID-19, so this infection needs to be suspected when a patient at risk presents with diarrhea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea, and/or vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the COVID-19 pandemic is a major issue, as transmission of this airborne infection happens very easily during this procedure, and it should be performed only in cases of gastrointestinal emergencies. With regard to patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they are often on immunosuppressive therapy, but recommendations are that no change in therapy should be made, as these patients do not fall under the category of patients who are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19. In addition, liver lesion caused by this infection develops as the result of a multifactorial mechanism and is a definite cause for concern, especially in patients with pre-existing chronic liver conditions, who should be closely monitored.
Management Challenges in the Era of Globalization
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Kuźmińska ANNA
Published: January 2022

The strong point of the volume is its multicultural perspective. The authors come from Poland, Iran, Germany, Ukraine, and Switzerland. In the context of globalization, it is important to look at the variety of managerial issues, from a variety of viewpoints. Hence, the subjects of the chapters touch on a number of problems: leadership, entrepreneurship, knowledge management, stock markets, blockchain technology, and many more. To organize the chapters we loosely grouped them into two main parts. The first consists of empirical papers, the second – literature reviews aimed at discovering and pointing to relevant research gaps worth of further, empirical exploration.
Refugees or Immigrants – How Does it Matter for Entrepreneurship? Systematic Review of Refugee Entrepreneurship Literature Inspired by the Immigrant Entrepreneurship Research
Authors:   Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Łazarczyk-Bilal Nina
Published: January 2022

This literature review answers the research question of how being a refugee or an immigrant affects entrepreneurial experience. It aims to examine the differences between refugees and immigrants in the light of immigrant entrepreneurship literature and emerging refugee entrepreneurship research. The analysis of the selected 41 peer reviewed papers within the framework of the eight dominant theories in immigrant entrepreneurship literature, including the field pertaining to refugees, implies that being a refugee has a rather negative impact on the entrepreneurial experience as compared to being an immigrant. Nonetheless, the literature on refugee entrepreneurship or their general labor market integration is rather scarce in number of applied theories and conducted studies in comparison to the immigrant entrepreneurship area and leaves vast room for future research.
Two Approaches to Analyzing Data of Project Teams
Authors: Nowak Krzysztof , Pietrzak Kamila
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, we compare and discuss several statistical approaches to analyzing data obtained from team members. As an illustrative example, we analyze data obtained from 636 team members across 87 teams from 8 companies located in Poland using ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis, multiple regression with clustered standard errors, and mixed modeling. In the example, we analyze the relationship between team size and team gender composition concerning team climate. While a model building approach to hypothesis testing yields most similar results for multiple regression an a clustered standard error approach, a multilevel model yields results more similar to OLS regression when testing the significance of individual predictors, suggesting a clustered standard error correction is more prone to a type II error rate when testing model coefficients than an equivalent multilevel model. Finally, the implications of these observations to team data analyses are discussed.
Quality Systems at Universities in Academics’ Perception: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Łęgocka Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

New public management, as well as institutional and market pressure, brought business-like requirements to HEIs. Their implementation resulted in profound changes in university governance. This paper presents a systematic literature review of the scholars’ perception of a quality system introduced by new public management and the corporatization of universities. The implications of the new practices and discourses for academic identity, university governance, power-balance, as well as the role of a scholar are investigated. The findings reveal that the underlying values and university culture stay in tension with managerialist ideology. The presence of the institutional logics approach in a university context was also examined. It enabled to analyze whether it was used in the context of providing insight into the academics’ perception of quality assurance systems.