bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Świadomość niektórych problemów środowiskowych wśród młodzieży warszawskiej
Authors: Siniarska Anna , Wysokińska Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Niniejsza praca dotyczy jednych z najważniejszych współczesnych problemów środowiskowych związanych ze stanem środowiska i rozwojem ekonomicznym. Oparta jest o ankietę opracowaną przez Instytut George H. Gallupa w Princeton w New Jersey (USA). Ankietę te rozpisano w latach 1991-2 roku i wzięły w niej udział 22 państwa z większości kontynentów, będące na różnym poziomie rozwoju ekonomicznego. Każde państwo reprezentowało minimum tysiąc dorosłych obywateli, co w sumie dało ponad dwadzieścia dwa tysiące obywateli z całego świata. Rezultaty tych badań opublikowano w specjalnym raporcie, który jest podstawą dyskusji wyników niniejszej pracy (Dunlap i wsp., 1992). Część wyników tego raportu jest także dyskutowana w pracy Wolańskiego i Siniarskiej (2001).Celem niniejszej pracy jest porównanie wiedzy na temat problemów środowiskowych między młodzieżą uczęszczającą do liceów warszawskich, które podzielono na te o niższym i wyższym poziomie nauczania
Historyczne i współczesne postawy wobec śmierci
Authors: Bołoz Wojciech
Published: February 2021

Though death is a universal and real event, large diversity of the attitudes to death are observed. Depending on the culture and historical period, death has been perceivable as distant and horrible, or mysterious and fascinating. In the last years in the area of western civilization the increased interest in this issue occurred. Attempt has been made to consider death as one of the events of human life, which is present in both individual and social consciousness. Relegation of tanatological issues into subconsciousness or passing them over does not eliminate the confrontation with this important existential problem. The analysis of historical attitudes to death can help to avoid in our time mistakes, which in the past were making most often.
Debata na temat koncepcji osoby w bioetyce
Authors: Hołub Grzegorz
Published: February 2021

This article endeavours to sketch the debate about the concept of a person in the realm of bioethics. Initially, it sets out three understandings of the issue, namely the concept of a person in a naturalistic philosophy, in the current of communitarianism and in one of the humanistic positions. The analyses of these approaches lead to the conclusion that a human person is perceived either as an empirical and psychological entity or as a free subjectivity creating him/herself. This thesis is stimulation to further research. In order to avoid a kind of dualism in perception of the person stemming from the stances outlined above, the personalistic approach is developed. This points out, that a human being should be depicted as one indivisible entity unifying in itself more strictly self, a subjective aspect of the person, with nature-body aspect which is an objective facet of being human. Given this personalistic perspective, a person comes out as an embodied subjectivity formed by the unique personal act of existence. In this article, such a concept of the person is argued as a vital support in the complex field of bioethical dilemmas.
Wokół Antropologii Środowiskowej - ujęcie zagadnienia przez Patrycję K. Townsend
Authors: Sadowski Ryszard F.
Published: February 2021

Environmental anthropology is a much wider term than ecology itself because of its extensive and diverse issues. The environmental questions appeared significantly in athropology in the 1950 s with the Julian Stewards cultural ecology. Later Anerw Vayda and Roy Rappaport suggested the term known as ecosystem ecology. From the late 1970s evolutionary ecology has become more popular. The other attempts to the the issues of natural environment within the confines of anthropology are: enthoecology, historic ecology, global ecology and landscape ecology. The article presents environmental anthropology depicted by P. K. Towsed.
Prognoza rozwoju paliw płynnych
Authors: Biernat Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

The article includes analysis o f basic terms an d definitions an d following issues: the directions of modification and development of the drive in the wheel vehicles, the forecast of development of standard fuels for internal combustion engines, the improvement of demands towards oils and fuel liquids, prospective fuel substances and  non-standard fuels.
Wydarzenia i ludzie początków prawnej ochrony przyrody w Polsce
Authors: Skowroński Antoni
Published: February 2021

The actions presented in the article does not exploit all the care about the nature which the most brilliant scientists and politicians were involved in. Since early years of XXth century, exept the national organisations of environmental protection and science initiatives, there has lasted legislative activity which has aimed to protect the nature. This is completely separe issue which demands separe study. All the undertakings and plans might be a sign of a Polish sense of responsibility for environment. Modern world needs people not only rich in knowledge but above all, sensitive for needs of other people and nature that surrounds us. If the history is the best life’s teacher, then maybe it is worth to use this experienced and instructive legacy of polish scientists and initiatives, which were taken for rescuing and creating the natural environment. This history lesson might teach us the correct organizing, management and environmental protection.
Ekologia w świetle koncepcji pola biologicznego
Authors: Dyk Wiesław
Published: February 2021

Ekologia jest nauką interdyscyplinarną, stąd prowadzone w jej ramach analizy powinny obejmować zarówno kwestie tak z zakresu nauk przyrodniczych, jak i humanistycznych. Filozoficzne rozumienie nauki, świata, życia czy czlowieka ma zasadniczy wpływ na formułowane przez nią twierdzenia. Podstawą dla niniejszego tekstu jest wprowqadzone przez Sedlaka pojęcie pola biologicznego i kreatywności jako jednej z cech człowieka.
Informacja ważnym czynnikiem rozwoju gospodarstw rolnych na wsi polskiej w warunkach integracji z Unią Europejską
Authors: Adamczyk Beata
Published: February 2021

Streszczenie nie jest dostępne.
Nurty współczesnej apologii
Authors: Artemiuk Przemysław
Published: February 2021

Warszawska Szkoła Apologetyczna od końca lat pięćdziesiątych systematycznie podejmowała refleksję nad apologiami zgodnie z własną metodologią. Nawiązując do tych badań, teologowie fundamentalni z UKSW, spadkobiercy warszawskich apologetyków, dostrzegają fenomen nowej apologii. Metodycznie ją analizują, formułując definicję i ukazując związki nowej apologii z apologetyką i teologią fundamentalną. Dostrzegają zarówno obszary zainteresowań współczesnej apologii, jak też różnorodne nurty obecne wśród apologetów. Najważniejsze z nich to obrona człowieka, historyczności chrześcijaństwa, boskości Jezusa Chrystusa, wartości ufundowanych na wierze oraz Boga w zmieniającym się kontekście.
Reforma liturgiczna Piusa XII i Jana XXIII
Authors: Karas Marcin
Published: February 2021

Artykuł omawia zasady i przebieg reformy liturgii Mszału i Brewiarza w Kościele rzymskim w XX wieku, a zwłaszcza za pontyfikatów Piusa XII i Jana XXIII. Reformy te omówiono na tle epoki klasycznej (XIX w. i wcześniej) oraz w porównaniu do reform II Soboru Watykańskiego i Pawła VI. Obrzędy w tej epoce zostały uproszczone, odnowione w duchu wspólnotowym i dostosowane do mentalności współczesnego człowieka i do nowego sposobu życia, do warunków społeczeństwa przemysłowego. „Acta Apostolicae Sedis”.
Promoter Methylation and Gene Expression of Pin1 Associated with the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in Southern Chinese
Authors: Ma Suk L. , Tang Nelson L.S. , Lam Linda C. Wa
Published: February 2021

Background:

Pin1 is a propyl cis-trans isomerase and it has been associated with age-atonset
of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other pathological characteristics of AD. DNA methylation is
one of the gene regulation mechanisms and it might affect the gene expression.

Objectives:

This study was aimed to examine the correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression
of Pin1 and its effect on the risk of AD in a Chinese population.

Methods:

80 AD patients and 180 normal controls were recruited in this study and their cognitive
functions were assessed. Pin1 gene expression and methylation were quantified by real-time RT-PCR
and Melting Curve Analysis-Methylation assay (MCA-Meth), respectively.

Results:

Our finding revealed a positive correlation between methylation and gene expression of Pin1
(p=0.001) and increased Pin1 methylation was predisposed to the risk of AD (p<0.001). CG genotype
of Pin1 SNP rs2287839 was associated with higher gene expression of Pin1 (p=0.036) and the effect
was only prominent in normal controls as AD patients were already methylated at Pin1 promoter. Furthermore,
methylation of Pin1 was associated with better performance in cognition (p=0.018).

Conclusion:

Our result further supported the involvement of Pin1 in AD and the increased level of
Pin1 might be a protective factor for AD.
Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Ginkgo biloba Standardized Extract (EGb761®) in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Băjenaru Ovidiu , Prada Gabriel , Antochi Florina , Jianu Cătălin , Tudose Cătălina , Cuciureanu Adina , Docu Any A. , Perrot Valérie , Avram Madalina , Tiu Cristina
Published: February 2021

Background:

Ginkgo biloba is a common symptomatic treatment for cognitive impairment,
although data on its efficacy are controversial.

Objective:

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of standardized Ginkgo
biloba extract EGb761® (Tanakan®) for the improvements of cognitive functions over 24 months in
a local cohort of patients diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods:

This multicentre non-interventional study included 500 eligible patients with a MCI treated
with 120 mg/day standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761® (Tanakan®). Patients were evaluated
using several scales for assessment of cognition, memory, activities of daily living, and depression
(MMSE, FAQ, CGI, HAM-D) at baseline and every 6 months after that for a 24-month period.
The median change in MMSE at the 24-month follow-up was the primary outcome of the
study.

Results:

A statistically significant increase of 2 points in the median MMSE score was obtained. In
patients with other concomitant cognitive disorders, the improvement in MMSE was less significant.
Tanakan® improved memory impairment (using the delayed recall test) and the ability to accomplish
activities of daily living (mean FAQ score, 1.7); it also decreased the severity of depression
(mean HAM-D score, 2.4) at the end of the study. More than 80% of the patients showed minimal
improvement of their condition as assessed by the CGI-Improvement Scale.

Conclusions:

The administration of EGb761® (Tanakan®) led to a significant improvement of cognitive
decline, memory, activities of daily living, and depression in subjects with aMCI over 24
months.
The Evaluation of Osteoblastic Cell Behavior on Treated Titanium Surface
Authors: Alencar Maria A. S. De Souza , Martinez Elizabeth F. , Figueiredo Fábio C. , Lima e Silva André R. De , Protazio José E. , Bertamoni Maicon , Peruzzo Daiane C. , Napimoga Marcelo H.
Published: February 2021

Background:

There are several potential advantages in optimizing the initial events of osseointegration in the benefit of clinical outcome.

Objective:

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of osteoblastic cells on surfaces treated by double acid etching using HNO3 and H2SO4.

Methods:

Commercially pure titanium (grade 4) discs measuring 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were used. The discs were divided into two groups: machined group and double acid-etched discs (HNO3 and H2SO4). Surface characteristics were assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were used for cell culture on the tested surfaces to assess proliferation, viability (MTT), as well as secretion (ELISA) and cytoplasmic expression (Western blot) of type I collagen.

Results:

The data obtained were analyzed using t-test or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test at 95% significance. The titanium surfaces showed average roughness values for the machined and treated surfaces of 0.29 and 1.16, respectively (p<0.05). An increase in cell proliferation was observed, which was corroborated by the viability assay. Both type I collagen secretion and intracellular expression were higher on the double acid-etched surface compared to the machine surfaces (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Implant surfaces treated by double acid etching positively affected the early events of the interaction between titanium and osteoblastic cells, suggesting optimization of osseintegration.
MINERAÇÃO DE DADOS E PUBLICIDADE COMPORTAMENTAL: Impasses para a regulação do spam e dos nudges na sociedade burocrática do consumo dirigido
Authors: Fornasier Mateus de Oliveira , Knebel Norberto Milton Paiva , Da Silva Fernanda Viero
Published: February 2021

Este artigo estuda a necessidade de regulação das estratégias de spam e nudge a partir da crítica da vida cotidiana (Lefebvre), a qual complementa a reflexão sobre a necessidade de proteção tendo em vista a vulnerabilidade do consumidor, situando-se em ponto diverso e independente no debate entre autonomia e paternalismo no Direito do Consumidor, mas também crítico a teses como a do paternalismo libertário. Como resultado principal, tem-se que a regulação da mineração de dados no âmbito do Direito do Consumidor encontra um profundo impasse: a dogmática jurídica não compreende o papel contraditório e alienante que é o do consumidor e, portanto, não enfrenta o problema da liberdade de escolha e da publicidade com a profundidade necessária — ao nível da linguagem e da ideologia. Frente à inevitabilidade da manipulação de dados na era da big data, sugere-se uma regulação social, tendo como objetivo a auditabilidade social das plataformas que manipulam dados, sendo os usuários capazes de interpretar e analisar os algoritmos que interferem cotidianamente em suas vidas. Metodologia: método de procedimento dialético, com abordagem qualitativa e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfico-documental.
Mental Health Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers
Authors:   Indiana Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy, Purdue University, Psychology & Biology, 423 Airport North Office Park, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA, Clevenger Sharon F.
Published: February 2021

Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been adapting to the changing needs of people worldwide in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate how HCWs are managing dietary self-care needs during the increased stress-load of the COVID-19 pandemic and determine if nutritional changes are being made that could place them at higher risk for mental health problems. A cross-sectional epidemiological nonprobability snowball sampling design was used to expand access to participants. Occupational stress is a major concern among HCWs in general; however, increased chronic levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic had not been evaluated in terms of stress and dietary behavior as risk factors for mental health problems in this population. The results from this survey indicate that HCWs treating patients during the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing chronically increased stress-loads, and the increased stress-load is negatively affecting dietary behaviors. Dietary behavior changes included perceived consumption of a less healthy diet overall, increased consumption of sweets and alcoholic drinks, and decreased consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables since the pandemic began. Unhealthy dietary behaviors were associated in a predictive manner with negative mood states in HCWs. In addition, this study uncovered evidence of exhaustion, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidal thinking in this normally resilient population.
Evaluation of a Commercial Mobile Health App for Depression and Anxiety (AbleTo Digital+): Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Anton Margaret T , Greenberger Heidi Mochari , Andreopoulos Evie , Pande Reena L
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Digital solutions, such as web-based and mobile interventions, have the potential to streamline pathways to mental health services and improve access to mental health care. Although a growing number of randomized trials have established the efficacy of digital interventions for common mental health problems, less is known about the real-world impact of these tools. AbleTo Digital+, a commercially available mental health app for depression and anxiety, offers a unique opportunity to understand the clinical impact of such tools delivered in a real-world context.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim of this study is to examine the magnitude of change in depression and anxiety symptoms among individuals who used AbleTo Digital+ programs. The secondary aim is to evaluate Digital+ module completion, including the use of 1:1 coaching.

METHODS

In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed previously collected and permanently deidentified data from a consecutive cohort of 1896 adults who initiated using one of the three Digital+ eight-module programs (depression, generalized anxiety, or social anxiety) between January 1 and June 30, 2020. Depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms were assessed within each program using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Social Phobia Inventory, respectively. Linear mixed effects models were built to assess the association between module completion and symptom change among users who completed at least four modules and had at least mild baseline symptom elevations, controlling for age, gender, and baseline symptom severity. Digital+ use, including module completion, 1:1 coaching calls, and in-app coach messaging, was also evaluated.

RESULTS

Significant effects were observed among depression (Cohen d=1.5), generalized anxiety (Cohen d=1.2), and social anxiety (Cohen d=1.0) program participants who completed at least four modules and had mild baseline elevations (n=470). Associations between module completion and change in depression (β=−1.2; P<.001), generalized anxiety (β=−1.1; P<.001), and social anxiety (β=−2.4; P<.001) symptom scores retained significance with covariate adjustment. Participants completed an average of 2.6 (SD 2.7) modules. The average total length of app use was 52.2 (SD 83.5) days. Approximately two-thirds of the users engaged in at least 1 coaching call (66.82%, 1267/1896) or in-app text messaging (66.09%, 1253/1896). Participants who completed at least four modules participated in significantly more coaching calls per module (mean 1.1, SD 0.7) than users who completed fewer than four modules (mean 1.0, SD 1.2; t1407=−2.1; P=.03).

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated that AbleTo Digital+ users experienced significant reductions in depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms throughout the program.
Rantai Nilai Cabai di Kawasan Lereng Gunung Merapi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Nugroho Agus Dwi , Prasada I Made Yoga , Putri Saraswati Kirana , Anggrasari Herdiana , Sari Pinjung Nawang
Published: February 2021

Fluctuation of the availability and prices of chili happen because the poor of the value chains. This research intended to know the mechanism related to the product, financial and information flow and development strategy to solve the problem of the chili’s value chain on the slopes of Mount Merapi. This research was conducted in Pakem District, Sleman Regency from May-August 2017. The method to determine the farmer respondents is random sampling while the merchants chosen by snowball sampling. The research used descriptive and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the most efficient marketing channels when farmers sell chili to the consumers through the retailers. Overall, the chili’s value chain included in the current category. Unfortunately, there are still some problems such as weak of the farmer cultivation ability and fluctuation of production and price. To solve this problem, the local government need make intensive counseling and training of chili cultivation, post-harvest handling in a professional and strengthen the auction market in Sleman Regency.
Consumer Behavior Intentions to Purchase Daily Needs through Online Store Channel
Authors: Wahyudin Moh. , Yuliando Henry , Savitri Amalia
Published: February 2021

The inception of the 4.0 industrial era led to the evolution of internet information technology, which significantly changed the business sector’s marketing, transaction, and payment systems into online stores.  This new marketplace is an important business infrastructure used to develop marketing strategies in this technological era. Therefore, it enables companies or enterprises, including those in the retail sector, to remotely sell daily products, such as cooking needs, foods, snacks, beverages, toiletries, and laundries through various online platforms. Furthermore, these companies need to creatively and anticipatively participate in the various trading competition by having an online shopping channel. This study aims to measure consumer behavior intention in using the online store channel to purchase daily needs products in order to determine the influence of convenience and risk transactions on behavioral intentions. Data were obtained from respondents that consistently make use of online stores channel. The result showed that consumers’ ease and convenience during transactions, especially in terms of payment and delivery service, have a positive and significant effect on their attitude and behavioral intention to use online store channel to purchase daily needs products.
Sentiment Analysis Of Government Policy On Corona Case Using Naive Bayes Algorithm
Authors: Isnain Auliya Rahman , Marga Nurman Satya , Alita Debby
Published: February 2021

The Indonesian government has enforced the New Normal rule in maintaining economic stabilization and also restraining the spread of the virus during the Covid 19 pandemic. This has become a hot topic of conversation on social media Twitter, many people think positive and negative.The research conducted is a representation of text mining and text processing using machine learning using the Naive Bayes Classifier classification method, the objective of the analysis is to determine whether public sentiment towards the New Normal policy is positive or negative, and also as a basis for measuring the performance of the TF-IDF feature extraction and N-gram in machine learning uses the Naive Bayes method.The results of this study resulted in the accuracy rate of the Naive Bayes method with the TF-IDF feature selection. The total accuracy was 81% with a Precision value of 78%, Recall 91%, and f1-Score 84%. The highest results were obtained from the use of the Naive Bayes and Trigram algorithm parameters, namely 84%, namely 84% Precision, 86% Recall, and 85% f1-Score. The Naive Bayes algorithm with the use of the trigram type N-Gram feature extraction shows a fairly good performance in the process of classifying public tweet data.
Буддийская символика в системе калмыцких тамг
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Gedeeva Daria B. , Gantulga D.  ,   Hhovd State University (Jargalant Sum, Khovd Province, Mongolia) Ph.D. (Cultural Studies), Head of Department of Design
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The Kalmyks had converted to Buddhism centuries ago, and its symbolism is naturally integral to material and spiritual culture of the ethnos. The article examines Buddhist symbols used in tamgas ― Kalmyk clan markers that served to brand family or clan livestock, primarily horses and camels. Despite the tradition died away in the Soviet era, tamgas are still venerated, remaining symbols of clan identity. Goals. The paper reveals and describes sacred symbols incorporated into the system of Kalmyk tamgas. The materials are most essential to restore the developmental panorama of ethnic material and spiritual culture, which stays understudied and, thus, topical enough. Materials. The work analyzes field data collected by the author and students of the Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University during comprehensive research expeditions to Kalmykia’s districts between 1971 and 1990. Results. The study attests to quite a wide distribution of Buddhist symbols among Kalmyk tamgas, which indicates that people did revere them as sacred averters capable of protecting livestock, the herders’ main treasure.
Рец. на: Курапов А. А. Российское государство и буддийская церковь на юге России: этапы эволюции социально-политического взаимодействия в XVII – начале XX в. / отв. ред. А. В. Цюрюмов. Астрахань: Издатель: Сорокин Роман Васильевич, 2018. 464 с.
Authors:   Orenburg State Pedagogical University (19, Sovetskaya St., Orenburg 460014, Russian Federation), Dzhundzhuzov Stepan V.
Published: February 2021

Монография А. А. Курапова посвящена проблеме, весьма значимой как для российской исторической науки, так и для общества в целом. Большинство калмыков, бурят и тувинцев считают тибетский буддизм своей национальной религией. В последние десятилетия его приверженцы появляются и среди других народов России. Однако в целом граждане Российской Федерации и их пред- ставители во властных структурах имеют крайне поверхностное представление о буддизме и его истории. Работа А. А. Курапова призвана повысить интерес к конфессиональной истории России, содействовать таким важным компонентам гражданского общества, как толерантность, веротерпимость, уважение религи- озных прав человека. Результаты исследований в области взаимодействия госу- дарства и буддийской церкви должны учитываться и органами государственного управления, в компетенцию которых входит разработка нормативно-правовой базы и ответственность за реализацию конфессиональной политики.
Ойратский сборник примет «Burxan baqšiyin nom xara šidi orošiboi» как образец буддийской обрядовой литературы
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Mirzaeva Saglara V. , Tuvshintugs Byambajavyn ,   National University of Mongolia (mailbox no. 377, 1, Zaluuchudyn Ave., Sukhbaatar District, 210646 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
Published: February 2021

Goals. The article introduces an Oirat manuscript entitled Burxan baqšiyin nom xara šidi orošiboi which can be loosely translated as ‘Ordinary Magic of Buddha’s Teaching’. The manuscript kept at Rashchoilin Monastery of Bayan-Ölgii Aimag (Mongolia) is available on the online collection of Oirat texts created by Tod Nomyn Gerel Foundation. Mongolian copies of this text can be found in Olon Sume and Xarbuxyn Balgas collections dating back to early 17th century. This manuscript contains a list of unfavorable omens, each of them accompanied with a request to eliminate them (probably, addressed to Vajradhara / Vajrapāni who is mentioned in the beginning of the text) and respective magical dhāraṇī spells. The bad omens listed in the text are related to animal, bird and human behavior patterns, remaining typical even for contemporary Mongolic cultures. Natural disasters (lightning, thunder, hurricane), bad thoughts, curses, xarsi unfavourables associated with different categories of time, space, planets and stars, harming influence of various demonic creatures and various diseases are also considered unfavorable omens. The ritual described in the text (which may have accompanied the reciting of the text) during which one uses a black cow’s horn and a piece of black cloth seems interesting enough. It can be attributed to the ‘black’ rituals of folk Mongolian religion, the latter primarily aimed to suppress harmful influences through the use of attributes black in color only. Studies of such ritual texts will make it possible to extend our knowledge of the mantic practices and beliefs of Mongolic peoples, thus defining the role of Tibetan tradition in the formation of the corpus of these texts. The appendix to the paper transliterates and translates the manuscript mentioned.
О Богдо-гэгэне VIII по документам из Центрального архива ФСБ России
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the RS (12, Rozhdestvenka St., Moscow 107031, Russian Federation), Orlova Keemya V.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The 1920s–1930s in Mongolia still give rise to occasional academic debates. And the period does deserve close attention at least due to the ambiguous nature of the then events — complicated, problematic, and largely controversial. The collection of archival materials titled ‘Federal Security Service Archives: Mongolia Documented, 1922– 1936’ deals with this very era. Goals. The paper seeks to review documents housed in the Central Archives of Russia’s Federal Security Service and relating to the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (Bogd Gegeen) — the last Khan of Mongolia — in the harsh times between the emergence of the national-liberation movement (1911) and the theocrat’s death (1924). Materials. The analyzed official records comprise special messages, coded telegrams, letters, and reports on the 8th Bodg Gegeen’s activities in Mongolia. Some documents deal with reincarnation search arrangements and the movement for restoration of theocracy. Results. The discovered files may significantly contribute to the understanding of the theocrat’s deeds in Mongolia.
Гадание посредством Авалокитешвары
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Mitruev Bembya L.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The article discusses the Oirat and Tibetan texts of Avalokiteshvara divination. Goals. The paper aims to introduce the Oirat fortune-telling text (which was in use in Western Mongolia) and its Tibetan version into scientific circulation. The divination is instrumental in studying religious practices and beliefs of the Oirats of Western Mongolia. Materials. Materials for the article were obtained from two sources. The Oirat text was borrowed from the collection titled The Light of Clear Script Texts (Mong. Tod Nomin Gerel) which is stored on the website of the Digital Library for International Research. The Tod Nomin Gerel Collection comprises digital copies of various Oirat-language texts written in ‘Clear Script’ and those of Tibetan-language ones. The Tibetan divination text was obtained by the author during language training in Ulaanbaatar in 2012-2013 from Amarbayasgalan Ulzibat, resident of Ulaanbaatar. Methods. The article employs the comparative method and that of contextual analysis. Results. A comparison of the Oirat and Tibetan texts makes it possible to assume that the Tibetan text is a translation from Mongolian/Oirat. This practice was inherent to Mongolian society. Thus, the study is of interest due to an opportunity to get comparative insights into fortune-telling traditions of Tibet and Mongolia, as well as the process of generating such texts and translation practices in traditional society.
Уфа — культурный центр мусульман Российской империи на рубеже XIX–ХХ вв.: становление, развитие, наследие
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa  450054, Russian Federation), Azamatova Gulnaz B. , Rodnov Mikhail I. , Farkhshatov Marsil N.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. In the Southern Urals traditionally densely inhabited by Turkic peoples, the role of Ufa for the cultural and economic development of Bashkirs and Tatars was extremely important. Goals. The article highlights key moments in the formation of administrative, intellectual and economic resources in the Southern Ural capital, the systemic combination of which has turned Ufa into a center for the Muslim peoples of Russia’s East. The conceptual insight into cultural history of the multinational city presupposes analyses of religious, economic, and sociopolitical preconditions for its emergence. Materials. Along with historiographic data, the article investigates periodicals, archival documents, including a large array of reporting papers by the Volga-Kama Commercial Bank stored at the Russian State Historical Archives. Results. The early history of Ufa was associated with the existence of a Tatar settlement in the city and the shaping of a layer of non-Russian officials and nobility. The strategic efforts aimed at eliminating the influence of Central Asian and Turkish Muslims on co-religionists in the eastern outskirts of Russia resulted in an unprecedented project to create Orenburg Muftiate in Ufa. The latter’s activities became the main prerequisite for further concentration of intellectual and social resources of Russian Muslims in the city. The economic base of Muslim parishes with a full-fledged infrastructure — mosques, madrasas and maktabs — was largely formed by wealthy Ufa-based Muslim merchants. The role of Ufa in the social and political life of Russian Muslims can be traced through the development of the media, regional and national Muslim congresses. Conclusions. The development of Ufa as a center of Russia’s Turko-Islamic society contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon of cultural regionalism and its content.
Охотничьи традиции тувинцев: этнографический аспект
Authors:   Tuvan State University (36, Lenin St., Kyzyl 667000, Russian Federation), Aiyzhy Elena V. , Mongush Artysh M. ,   Tuvan Institute for Humanities and Applied Socioeconomic Research, Government of the Tyva Republic (4, Kochetov St., Kyzyl 667000, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The world witnesses a dramatic abundance of problems. Still, those are the destruction of nature and extinction of animal species that tend to become the most pressing ones. Currently, many young Tuvan hunters have no knowledge of the traditional hunting etiquette of their ancestors, do not observe the ancient nature conservation traditions and customs. Poaching proves a definitely negative factor in the violation of the ecological balance. Goals. The article aims to study the hunting traditions of the Tuvans which used to be and still are the basis for maintaining the ecological balance and biological diversity in Tuva. It also attempts to systemize some hunting rites and summarize related materials available. Materials and Methods. The work analyzes pre-revolutionary historical and ethnographic sources, as well as field materials of the authors. The employed method of historicism makes it possible to consider the elements of culture in a developmental perspective. Traditional methods of ethnography ― comparative and field research ones ― are also used. Results. The comprehensive analysis of historical, ethnographic, and folklore materials ― along with the mentioned systemization ― concludes that the hunting traditions of the Tuvans, like those of other Sayan-Altay peoples, are the most ancient elements of ethnic culture and traditional ritual practices. The close and long association of hunters with nature led to that they had to follow numerous unwritten rules and prohibitions. Any hunting area was necessarily supposed to be owned by its ‘master’ that was to be honored through offerings. Hunters believed such master spirits could turn into people or wild animals.
Еще раз о формах показателя множественного числа в тюркских языках
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the RAS (1/1, Bolshoi Kislovsky Lane, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation), Dybo Anna V. , Abubakirova Lidia F. , Zimin Mark M. , Korovina Evgeniya V. , Kochakaeva Zarema K.  , Sharov Aleksandr V.  ,   Higher School of Economics (20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow 101000, Russian Federation,   Tomsk State University (33, Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The article continues the discussion of isogloss types and their relevance for the Proto-Turkic reconstruction and reconstruction of the intermediate nodes of the Turkic family tree. Goals. The paper makes another attempt to reconstruct the morphophonological appearance of some affixes for intermediate languages-ancestors of the standard Turkic group (Oguz, ‘Kyrgyz’, Altai, Karluk, Toba, Kypchak). The study draws into consideration not only the plural affix *-lar, but in general inflectional and derivational affixes starting with *-l. Materials and Methods. Methods of stepwise reconstruction are used simultaneously with morphophonological methods of identifying classes of positions and distribution of classes of allomorphs. Field records of dialects, dialectological publications, both modern ones and those of the 19th century, as well as written monuments were used as research material. Results. Both modern field data and classical sources, with the correct application of the methods of stepwise reconstruction, point that affixal *-l has no alternants in proto-Oghuz, proto-Karluk and proto-Qypchaq. All instances of alternation in modern idioms like dialectal Bashkir, dialectal Kazakh, ‘Qyrghyz’ languages, Yakut-Dolghan and Toba languages are to be classified as recent areal innovation. This is deduced due to the nature of morphophonological rules in these languages — neither is applyable for the proto-Common-Turkic stem auslaut, but instead is limited to forms that are specific to each separate group in question.
О жанровом многообразии калмыцкой деловой письменности XVII-XIX вв.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Gedeeva Daria B.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The Kalmyks are one of the few peoples in Russia to have developed a script system of their own centuries ago. Spiritual culture of the ethnos can be traced in numerous original and translated texts of philosophical treatises, medical writings, historical chronicles, grammar essays, diaries of Buddhist pilgrims, fiction, recorded folklore materials, etc. The Kalmyk vertical script was also used for official writing. From the 17th century onwards, in the Lower Volga Kalmyks would expand their knowledge of Russian record keeping procedures (in diplomatic, military and economic contacts), however, adhering to their own writing traditions. Archival materials available attest to that the then genres of Kalmyk official writing were diverse enough, which makes it essential to reveal and investigate some authentic genre samples, classify the latter, identifying certain structural, stylistic, and language features. Goals. So, the paper seeks to essentially and structurally describe the revealed genres. Materials. The work analyzes documents stored by the National Archive of Kalmykia. Conclusions. Current research results indicate in the 17th-19th centuries the Kalmyks did possess a comprehensive official writing system characterized by genre diversity, which makes the introduction of the terms ‘Kalmyk official writing’ and ‘genre of Kalmyk official writing’ reasonable and necessary. The study delineates a number of functional genres, such as cāǰiyin bičiq, zarčim (Cyrillic цааҗин бичг) ‘codes, regulations’, amur yabuxu bičiq (Cyr. амр йовх бичг) ‘letter of discharge’, ayiladxal bičiq (Cyr. әәлдхл бичг) ‘report, dispatch’, erelge (Cyr. эрлһ) ‘petition’, andaγār (Cyr. андһар) ‘vow’, tō (Cyr. то) ‘register’, and the vastest one — bičiq (Cyr. бичг) ‘epistolary message’. However, there are still titles of documents to explore, e.g., bičiq tamaγa (Cyr. бичг тамһ) ‘letter-seal’, elči bičiq (Cyr. элч бичг) ‘letter (to be delivered by) a special messenger’, zarliq (Cyr. зәрлг) ‘order; decree’, etc. In this context, further research of Kalmyk official writing documents can be a priority focus of Mongolian studies. Archival sources are only being discovered, and have not been studied due to large numbers. Thus, the genre structure presented is incomplete and shall definitely be revised or extended.
MULTIVARIABLE ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS AFFECTING YIELD IN CHICKPEA PLANTS
Authors: Karadavut Ufuk , Sozen Omer
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate inter and intra row spacing of sunflower irrigated during the critical growing stages to obtain the highest seed and oil yields. The experiment was carried out with three replications in the randomized blocks with split plots design in 2016 and 2017. Inter row spacings (45 and 70 cm) were placed on the main plots and intra row spacings (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 cm) were placed on the subplots. Bosfora, oilseed hybrid sunflower variety was used as plant material. It has been determined that inter and intra row spaces had statistically significant effects on sunflower development and yield parameters. In general, as the distance between the inter and intra rows narrowed, plant height was increased, while the stem and table diameters, the number of seeds in the table, thousand seed weight, oil rate and per plant yield were decreased. And also seed and oil yield was increased, in contrast to per plant yield, due to the increase in plant number per unit area. Seed and oil yield with 45x25 cm inter and intra row spacings were 59.6% and 52.9% higher as compared to 70x40 cm spacing, respectively. The highest seed and oil yield was obtained from 45x25 cm inter and intra row space under irrigated conditions.
IN VITRO REGENERATION OF LITCHI (Litchi chinensis SONN.) THROUGH SHOOT BUD CULTURE
Authors:   Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040 Pakistan, Din Safeer ud , Shafqat Waqar
Published: February 2021

Attempts were made to develop protocol for in vitro regeneration of litchi through axillary shoot bud cultures. The problem of microbial contamination, phenolic exudation and media browning was controlled up to some extend by pretreatment and rapid subculturing. A high frequency (51 %) shoot induction and differentiation was obtained in litchi Gola variety axillary explants on MS medium containing GA3 and BAP (1 mg/l), Kin (2 mg/l). In vitro raised shoots better proliferated in medium containing 2 mg/l BAP. BAP had positive effect on multiplication and growth of shoots but higher concentration than 2 mg/l reduced growth. Maximum rooting frequency (66.67%) with healthier roots was obtained in shoots cultured on full strength MS medium supplemented with IBA (2 mg/l). Plants with well-developed roots were transferred to soil with survival frequency of 57%. A combination of BAP and GA3 (1 mg/l), KIN (2 mg/l) was effective in establishment of cultures. While BAP (2 mg/l) and KIN (3 mg/l) was good for better flourishing in vitro raised shoots. 6-benzylaminepurine had positive effect on multiplication and growth of in vitro shoots but concentration exceeding 2 mg/l decreased growth. Full strength MS medium containing 2 mg/l IBA under dark condition promoted rooting in in vitro raised shoots. The protocol established could prove advantageous to the horticulturists and the industry for developing trees true to the parental type.
THE NEXUS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORS AND PRODUCTION BEHAVIORS OF THE HEAD OF THE AGRICULTURAL HOLDING IN TURKEY: KIRSEHIR PROVINCE CASE
Authors: Ozdemır H. Ozcan
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study has been to record the effect of the organisational behaviour of the heads of agricultural holdings on their agricultural behaviours in Kırşehir province of Turkey. It was attempted to represent the organizational behaviours of producers by three different scales that were developed by different researchers and adapted to the present study. These scales are “Intrinsic Motivation Scale (IMS)”, “Leadership Qualities Scale (LQS)” and “Physiological Empowerment Instrument (PEI)”. The study was conducted in Mucur district of the Kırsehir Province with 98 heads of the agricultural holding between February-March, 2020. As a result, it was determined that the 3 scales had separate effects on different variables. Upon examining the economic variables particularly from (SGDPV) point of view, producers with high PEI and LQS values were found to have more earnings and producers with high IMS value worked mainly in plant production (embraced agricultural production) and tended to have more risks. Individuals with high IMS and PEI were inclined towards formal sources of information and private sector while individuals with high LQS see themselves as the central source of information. Therefore, written and visual sources as well as private sector remain at the top of information source. The sociological changes in rural areas of Turkey produce significant results in agricultural production. Changes in the behaviours of producers lead to the emergence of different roles with the society. There is an important change in the perception of the society with regards to leader farmer and individual with producers having a tendency toward individual action. Therefore, organization behaviour ways of producers do not fit in the theoretical structure or do not affect their agricultural production behaviours. Therefore, more sociological researches are required and new scales should be developed for rural communities and even for agricultural communities. Keywords: Physiological Empowerment Instrument, Intrinsic Motivation Scores, Leadership Qualities
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF FOUR INSECTICIDES AGAINST AMERICAN BOLLWORM (Helicoverpa armigera) UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
Authors: Sipra Ahmad Nawaz
Published: February 2021

The tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., is the 2nd major crop which is widely grown on the large area of Pakistan. This crop is affected by the fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Although some predators and parasitoids have been recorded in the field for their natural control, their manipulation to a successful crop management is still awaited. The present study was planned to evaluate the toxic effects of four insecticides, i.e. Coragen 20SI (Chlorantraniliprole), Steward (indoxicarb), Belt 39.4 (Flubendiamide), Proclaim (emamectin benzoate) against tomato fruit borer (H. armigera) under field conditions. The research trial was laid out under randomized complete block design (RCBD) together with control. Findings of the bioassays displayed that Coragen 20SI exhibited noteworthy mortality (75.23%) of H. armigera after exposure of 6 days, among the four tested insecticides. Whilst Proclaim and Chlorantraniliprole exhibited relatively lower mortalities of 70.90% and 65.41%, respectively. While relatively lower mortality values i.e. 61.10, 55.41, 52.76 and 48.19% were recorded after 4 days and 57.80, 50.12, 46.09 and 39.24% after 2 days. Overall, results disclosed that all four tested insecticides gave enhanced control under controlled experimental conditions. Hence, Coragen 20SI and Steward can be used in integrated pest management (IPM) of H. armigera.
FIELD EVALUATION OF NATIVO 300 SC FUNGICIDE (TRIFLOXYSTROBIN 100 g l-1 + TEBUCONAZOLE 200 g l-1) ON RICE BROWN SPOT (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Boka Arsène , Denezon Odette Dogbo
Published: February 2021

Rice brown spot caused by the fungus Bipolaris oryzae is one of the constraints affecting the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Côte d'Ivoire. As an effort to find ways of controlling this disease, the efficacy of the fungicide NATIVO 300 SC (trifloxystrobin 100 g l-1 + tebuconazole 200 g l-1) was tested in field conditions at Gbombélo in western Côte d'Ivoire. Five fungicide treatments were studied (water, 2 kg ha-1 of COGA 80 WP (800 g/kg mancozeb), 250 ml ha-1 of NATIVO 300 SC, 300 ml ha-1 of NATIVO 300 SC and 350 ml ha-1 of NATIVO 300 SC), in a Fischer experimental design with four replicates. Results showed a significant effect of fungicides on the severity of brown spot disease, with scores 2 to 3 times lower than in the control plot (water-treated). NATIVO 300 SC at the 350 ml ha-1 dose showed the same severity score as COGA 80 WP, the reference fungicide. Regarding the effect on the yield, NATIVO (300 SC, 350 ml ha-1) performed 9 times better (1.2825 tons ha-1) than the control plot (0.1392 ton ha-1), compared to 6 times for COGA 80 WP (0.9626 ton.ha-1). These results show that NATIVO (300 SC) is as effective, against rice brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae), as COGA 80 WP, the reference fungicide. However, at the dose of 350 ml ha-1, NATIVO 300 SC was the most efficient both from crop protection and agronomic perspective.