bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apontamentos sobre a teoria dos órgãos públicos
Authors: Mello Celso Antônio Bandeira de
Published: December 2020

Como pessoa jurídica que é, o Estado, entidade real, porém abstrata (ser de razão) não tem vontade nem ação, no sentido de manifestação psicológica e vida anímica próprias. Estas, só os seres biológicos a possuem. Tal fato não significa, entretanto, que lhe falte vontade e ação, juridicamente falando, ou seja, sob o prisma do Direito. Dado que o Estado não possui, nem pode possuir, um querer e um agir psíquico e físico, por si próprio, como entidade lógica que é, sua vontade e sua ação se constituem na e pela vontade e atuação dos seres físicos prepostos à condição de seus agentes, na medida em que se apresentam revestidos desta qualidade
La responsabilidad subsidiaria de la administración expropiante ante el impago de los justiprecios expropiatorios por las concesionarias de la explotación de autopistas. El caso español
Authors: Puerta Seguido Francisco
Published: December 2020

La grave crisis económica que ha padecido España en los últimos diez años ha llevado a los poderes públicos a utilizar la financiación ajena para desarrollar importantes infraestructuras, principalmente en el ámbito del transporte terrestre. La adquisición de los terrenos necesarios mediante expropiación forzosa y los malos resultados económicos de las explotaciones empresariales que habrían permitido la amortización de las inversiones han generado una novedosa jurisprudencia que, protegiendo la garantía indemnizatoria de los expropiados, obliga a los poderes públicos a pagar las indemnizaciones derivadas de esas expropiaciones forzosas.
ENSINAR E APRENDER: UMA PRÁTICA GAMIFICADA
Authors: OLIVEIRA A. C. C. de , OUVERNEY-KING J. R
Published: December 2020

Uma aceleração no método de desenvolvimento de recursos midiáticos para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem vem crescendo e o conhecimento das tecnologias disponíveis na sociedade contemporânea é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das competências do Século XXI.
Testing a Model to Explain how the Public Makes Decisions about Genetic Modification
Authors: Lamm Alexa , Lamm Kevan , Rumble Joy , Elli Jason , Tidwell Abraham
Published: December 2020

The international agricultural and extension education field is fairly infantile in its research approach with descriptive, exploratory and process-oriented research taking the forefront over the introduction and testing of theoretical models that strive to answer complex questions. In a time when the world is facing a myriad of global challenges directly related to the agricultural and natural resource system (e.g. food security, climate change, infectious disease management) the discipline must be bold, innovative, and discovery-driven. The research presented here tests a theoretical model that combines two well-known theories, Diffusion of Innovations and Spiral of Silence, in the context of examining public willingness to expose attitudes about genetic modification (GM) in the United States. Structural equation modeling is used to determine the direct and indirect effects theoretical variables can have in a complex decision-making environment. Perceptions of diffusion characteristics of an innovation were found to directly and indirectly effect perceived opinions of others, perceived future trends in attitudes toward GM, and attitude toward GM but they did not have a significant direct or indirect effect on willingness to expose attitudes about GM. The findings revealed the ongoing complexity associated with systems-thinking and the research approaches necessary to answer complex questions. It also showcased that when thoroughly vetted theoretical explanations are tested, they will not always have the expected result. Keywords: systems thinking; decision-making; diffusion; spiral of silence
Surface–atmosphere fluxes of volatile organic compounds in Beijing
Authors: Acton W. Joe F. , Huang Zhonghui , Davison Brian , Drysdale Will S. , Fu Pingqing , Hollaway Michael , Langford Ben , Lee James , Liu Yanhui , Metzger Stefan , Mullinger Neil , Nemitz Eiko , Reeves Claire E. , Squires Freya A. , Vaughan Adam R. , Wang Xinming , Wang Zhaoyi , Wild Oliver , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Yanli , Hewitt C. Nicholas
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were recorded
in two field campaigns in central Beijing as part of the Air Pollution and
Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH) project. These data were used to
calculate, for the first time in Beijing, the surface–atmosphere fluxes of
VOCs using eddy covariance, giving a top-down estimation of VOC emissions
from a central area of the city. The results were then used to evaluate the
accuracy of the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC). The
APHH winter and summer campaigns took place in November and December 2016
and May and June 2017, respectively. The largest VOC fluxes observed were of
small oxygenated compounds such as methanol, ethanol + formic acid and
acetaldehyde, with average emission rates of 8.31 ± 8.5, 3.97 ± 3.9 and 1.83 ± 2.0 nmol m−2 s−1, respectively, in the summer.
A large flux of isoprene was observed in the summer, with an average emission
rate of 5.31 ± 7.7 nmol m−2 s−1. While oxygenated VOCs made
up 60 % of the molar VOC flux measured, when fluxes were scaled by ozone
formation potential and peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN) formation potential the
high reactivity of isoprene and monoterpenes meant that these species
represented 30 % and 28 % of the flux contribution to ozone and PAN
formation potential, respectively. Comparison of measured fluxes with the
emission inventory showed that the inventory failed to capture the magnitude
of VOC emissions at the local scale.
AEROCOM/AEROSAT AAOT & SSA study, part I: evaluation and
intercomparison of satellite measurements
Authors: Schutgens Nick , Dubovik Oleg , Hasekamp Otto , Torres Omar , Jethva Hiren , Leonard Peter J. T. , Litvinov Pavel , Redemann Jens , Shinozuka Yohei , de Leeuw Gerrit , Kinne Stefan , Popp Thomas , Schulz Michael , Stier Philip
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Global measurements of absorptive aerosol optical depth (AAOD) are scarce and mostly provided by the ground network AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork). In recent years, several satellite products of AAOD have appeared. This study's primary aim is to establish the usefulness of these datasets for AEROCOM (AEROsol Comparisons between Observations and Models) model evaluation with a focus on the years 2006, 2008 and 2010. The satellite products are super-observations consisting of 1° × 1° × 30min aggregated retrievals. This study consist of two parts: 1) an assessment of satellite datasets; 2) their application to the evaluation of AEROCOM models. The current paper describes the first part and details an evaluation with AERONET observations from the sparse AERONET network as well as a global intercomparison of satellite datasets, with a focus on how minimum AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) thresholds and temporal averaging may improve agreement. All satellite datasets are shown to have reasonable skill for AAOD (3 out of 4 datasets show correlations with AERONET in excess of 0.6) but less skill for SSA (Single Scattering Albedo; only 1 out of 4 datasets shows correlations with AERONET in excess of 0.6). In comparison, satellite AOD shows correlations from 0.72 to 0.88 against the same AERONET dataset. We do show that performance vs. AERONET and satellite agreements for SSA significantly improve at higher AOD. Temporal averaging also improves agreements between satellite datasets. Nevertheless multi-annual averages still show systematic differences, even at high AOD. In particular, we show that two POLDER products appear to have a systematic SSA difference over land of about 0.04, independent of AOD. Identifying the cause of this bias offers the possibility of substantially improving current datasets. We also provide evidence that suggests that evaluation with AERONET observations leads to an underestimate of true biases in satellite SSA. In the second part of this study we show that, notwithstanding these biases in satellite AAOD and SSA, the datasets allow meaningful evaluation of AEROCOM models.
Airborne Lidar Observations of Wind, Water Vapor, and Aerosol Profiles During The NASA Aeolus Cal/Val Test Flight Campaign
Authors: Bedka Kristopher M. , Nehrir Amin R. , Kavaya Michael , Barton-Grimley Rory , Beaubien Mark , Carroll Brian , Collins James , Cooney John , Emmitt G. David , Greco Steven , Kooi Susan , Lee Tsengdar , Liu Zhaoyan , Rodier Sharon , Skofronick-Jackson Gail
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Lidars are uniquely capable of collecting high precision and high spatio-temporal resolution observations that have been used for atmospheric process studies from the ground, aircraft, and space for many years. The Aeolus mission, the first space-borne Doppler wind lidar, was developed by the European Space Agency and launched in August 2018. Its novel Atmospheric LAser Doppler INstrument (ALADIN) observes profiles of the component of the wind vector and aerosol/cloud optical properties along the instrument’s line-of-sight (LOS) direction on a global scale. Two airborne lidar systems have been developed at NASA Langley Research Center in recent years that collect measurements in support of several NASA Earth Science Division focus areas. The coherent Doppler Aerosol WiNd (DAWN) lidar measures vertical profiles of LOS velocity along selected azimuth angles that are combined to derive profiles of horizontal wind speed and direction. The High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) measures high resolution profiles of atmospheric water vapor (WV), and aerosol and cloud optical properties. Because there are limitations in terms of spatial and vertical detail and measurement precision that can be accomplished from space, airborne remote sensing observations like those from DAWN and HALO are required to fill these observational gaps as well as to calibrate and validate space-borne measurements. Over a two-week period in April 2019 during their Aeolus Cal/Val Test Flight campaign, NASA conducted five research flights over the Eastern Pacific Ocean with the DC-8 aircraft. The purpose was to demonstrate: 1) DAWN and HALO measurement capabilities across a range of atmospheric conditions, 2) Aeolus Cal/Val flight strategies and comparisons of DAWN and HALO measurements with Aeolus to gain an initial perspective of Aeolus performance, and 3) how atmospheric dynamic processes can be resolved and better understood through simultaneous observations of wind, WV, and aerosol profile observations, coupled with numerical model and other remote sensing observations. This paper provides a brief description of the DAWN and HALO instruments, discusses the synergistic observations collected across a wide range of atmospheric conditions sampled during the DC-8 flights, and gives a brief summary of the validation of DAWN, HALO, and Aeolus observations and comparisons.
University of Colorado and Black Swift Technologies RPAS-based measurements of the lower atmosphere during LAPSE-RATE
Authors: de Boer Gijs , Dixon Cory , Borenstein Steven , Lawrence Dale A. , Elston Jack , Hesselius Daniel , Stachura Maciej , Laurence III Roger , Swenson Sara , Choate Christopher M. , Doddi Abhiram , Sesnic Aiden , Glasheen Katherine , Laouar Zakariya , Quinby Flora , Frew Eric , Argrow Brian M.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Between 14 and 20 July 2018, small remotely-piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) were deployed to the San Luis Valley of Colorado (USA) together with a variety of surface-based remote and in-situ sensors, and radiosonde systems as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). The observations from LAPSE-RATE were aimed at improving our understanding of boundary layer structure, cloud and aerosol properties and surface-atmosphere exchange, and provide detailed information to support model evaluation and improvement work. The current manuscript describes the observations obtained using four different types of RPAS deployed by the University of Colorado Boulder and Black Swift Technologies. These included the DataHawk2, the Talon and the TTwistor (U. of Colorado) and the S1 (Black Swift Technologies). Together, these aircraft collected over 30 hours of data throughout the northern half of the San Luis Valley, sampling altitudes between the surface and 914 m AGL. Data from these platforms are publicly available through the Zenodo archive, and are co-located with other LAPSE-RATE data as part of the Zenodo LAPSE-RATE community (https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/). The primary DOIs for these datasets are https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3891620 (DataHawk2, de Boer et al., 2020a), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4096451 (Talon, de Boer et al., 2020b), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4110626 (TTWISTOR, de Boer et al., 2020c), and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861831 (S1, Elston and Stachura, 2020).
CDIAC-FF: Global and National CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion and Cement Manufacture: 1751-2017
Authors: Gilfillan Dennis , Marland Gregg
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Global and national scale inventories of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are important tools as countries grapple with the need to reduce emissions to minimize the magnitude of changes in the global climate system. The longest time series dataset on global and national CO2 emissions, with consistency over all countries and all years since 1751, has long been the dataset generated by the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (CDIAC), formerly housed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The CDIAC dataset estimates emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and cement manufacture, by fuel type, using the United Nations energy statistics and global cement production data from the United States Geological Survey. Recently, the maintenance of the CDIAC dataset has been transferred to Appalachian State University, and the dataset is now identified as CDIAC-FF. This paper describes the annual update of the time series of emissions with estimates through 2017; there is typically a 2 to 3 year time lag in the processing of the two primary datasets used for the estimation of CO2 emissions. We provide details on two changes to the approach to calculating CO2 emissions that have been implemented in the transition from CDIAC to CDAIC-FF: refinement in the treatment of changes in stocks at the global level, and changes in the procedure to calculate CO2 emissions from cement manufacture. We compare CDIAC-FF's estimates of CO2 emissions with other global and national datasets, and illustrate the trends in emissions (1990–2015) using a decomposition analysis of the Kaya Identity. The decompositions for the top 10 emitting countries show that, although similarities exist, countries have unique factors driving their patterns of emissions, suggesting the need for diverse strategies to mitigate carbon emissions to meditate anthropogenic climate change. The data for this particular version of CDIAC-FF is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4281271 (Gilfillan et al. 2020).
Coronavirus: notes on crisis, borders and the future of neoliberalism
Authors: Antentas Josep Maria
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Every crisis is a moment both of the intensification of borders (social,
economic, geographical …) and of their potential breaking down – a moment of the reaffirmation of a certain social model and of its questioning. Borders have acquired centrality in the imaginary of the management of the pandemic. They are a constitutive part of the pandemic condition, endowed with a new symbolic and cognitive force. The new importance of borders in times of a pandemic also shows the complexity of the concept of border itself and accelerates the trends underway regarding borders' transformations. The pandemic draws a new strategic border space and accentuates the complexity of the relationship between sovereignty and
territory inherent to the process of globalization. The massive interventions by states to shore up the economy and support businesses and
workers have the goal of stabilizing the economy, without any intention of
entering into a logic of redistribution and expansion of public services.
These massive bailouts may simply be the prelude to a more virulent phase,
where a crisis of legitimacy and a crisis of social reproduction and of the
global forms of governance of neoliberalism are interwoven. The contradiction between the free movement of capital and goods and the limited movement of labor that characterizes globalization can be further
intensified, while the rhetoric of borders and control takes on new
relevance.
Streamflow estimation at partially gaged sites using multiple
dependence conditions via vine copulas
Authors: Ahn Kuk-Hyun
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Reliable estimates of missing streamflow values are relevant for water resources planning and management. This study proposes a multiple dependence condition model via vine copulas for the purpose of estimating streamflow at partially gaged sites. The proposed model is attractive in modeling the high dimensional joint distribution by building a hierarchy of conditional bivariate copulas when provided a complex streamflow gage network. The usefulness of the proposed model is firstly highlighted using a synthetic streamflow scenario. In this analysis, the bivariate copula model and a variant of the vine copulas are also employed to show the ability of the multiple dependence structure adopted in the proposed model. Furthermore, the evaluations are extended to a case study of 54 gages located within the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin, the eastern U. S. Both results inform that the proposed model is better suited for infilling missing values. After that, the performance of the vine copula is compared with six other infilling approaches to confirm its applicability. Results demonstrate that the proposed model produces more reliable streamflow estimates than the other approaches. In particular, when applied to partially gaged sites with sufficient available data, the proposed model clearly outperforms the other models. Even though the model is illustrated by a specific case, it can be extended to other regions with diverse hydro-climatological variables for the objective of infilling.
Extending the applicability of P3D for structure determination of
small molecules
Authors: Ibáñez de Opakua Alain , Zweckstetter Markus
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The application of anisotropic NMR parameters for the correct structural assignment of small molecules requires the use of partially ordered media. Previously we demonstrated that the use of P3D simulations using PBLG as alignment medium allows the determination of the correct diastereomer from extremely sparse NMR data. Through the analysis of the structural characteristics of small molecules in different alignment media we here show that when steric or electrostatic factors dominate the alignment, P3D-PBLG retains its diastereomer discrimination power. We also demonstrate that P3D simulations can define the different conformations of a flexible small molecule from sparse NMR data.
Impact of upper mantle convection on lithosphere hyperextension and subsequent horizontally forced subduction initiation
Authors: Candioti Lorenzo G. , Schmalholz Stefan M. , Duretz Thibault
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Many plate tectonic processes, such as subduction initiation, are embedded in long-term (>100 Myr) geodynamic cycles often involving subsequent phases of extension, cooling without plate deformation and convergence.
However, the impact of upper mantle convection on lithosphere dynamics during such long-term cycles is still poorly understood. We have designed two-dimensional upper-mantle-scale (down to a depth of 660 km) thermo-mechanical numerical models of coupled lithosphere–mantle deformation. We consider visco–elasto–plastic deformation including a combination of diffusion, dislocation and Peierls creep law mechanisms. Mantle densities are calculated from petrological phase diagrams (Perple_X) for a Hawaiian pyrolite. Our models exhibit realistic Rayleigh numbers between 106 and 107, and the model temperature, density and viscosity structures agree with geological and geophysical data and observations. We tested the impact of the viscosity structure in the asthenosphere on upper mantle convection and lithosphere dynamics.
We also compare models in which mantle convection is explicitly modelled with models in which convection is parameterized by Nusselt number scaling of the mantle thermal conductivity.
Further, we quantified the plate driving forces necessary for subduction initiation in 2D thermo-mechanical models of coupled lithosphere–mantle deformation. Our model generates a 120 Myr long geodynamic cycle of subsequent extension (30 Myr), cooling (70 Myr) and convergence (20 Myr) coupled to upper mantle convection in a single and continuous simulation. Fundamental features such as the formation of hyperextended margins, upper mantle convective flow and subduction initiation are captured by the simulations presented here. Compared to a strong asthenosphere, a weak asthenosphere leads to the following differences: smaller value of plate driving forces necessary for subduction initiation (15 TN m−1 instead of 22 TN m−1) and locally larger suction forces. The latter assists in establishing single-slab subduction rather than double-slab subduction. Subduction initiation is horizontally forced, occurs at the transition from the exhumed mantle to the hyperextended passive margin and is caused by thermal softening. Spontaneous subduction initiation due to negative buoyancy of the 400 km wide, cooled, exhumed mantle is not observed after 100 Myr in model history. Our models indicate that long-term lithosphere dynamics can be strongly impacted by sub-lithosphere dynamics. The first-order processes in the simulated geodynamic cycle are applicable to orogenies that resulted from the opening and closure of embryonic oceans bounded by magma-poor hyperextended rifted margins, which might have been the case for the Alpine orogeny.
The temperature change shortcut: effects of mid-experiment
temperature changes on the deformation of polycrystalline ice
Authors: Craw Lisa , Treverrow Adam , Fan Sheng , Peternell Mark , Cook Sue , McCormack Felicity , Roberts Jason
Published: December 2020

Abstract. It is vital to understand the mechanical properties of flowing ice to model the dynamics of ice sheets and ice shelves, and to predict their behaviour in the future. We can do this by performing deformation experiments on ice in laboratories, and examining its mechanical and microstructural responses. However, natural conditions in ice sheets and ice shelves extend to low temperatures ( 0.08), and emulating these conditions in laboratory experiments can take an impractically long time. It is possible to accelerate an experiment by running it at a higher temperature in the early stages, and then lowering the temperature to meet the target conditions once the tertiary creep stage is reached. This can reduce total experiment run-time by > 1000 hours, however it is not known if this could affect the final strain rate or microstructure of the ice and potentially introduce a bias into the data. We deformed polycrystalline ice samples in uniaxial compression at −2 °C before lowering the temperature to either −7 °C or −10 °C, and compared the results to constant temperature experiments. Tertiary strain rates adjusted to the change in temperature very quickly (within 3 % of the total experiment run-time), with no significant deviation from strain rates measured in constant-temperature experiments. In experiments with a smaller temperature step (−2 °C to −7 °C) there is no observable difference in the final microstructure between changing-temperature and constant-temperature experiments which could introduce a bias into experimental results. For experiments with a larger temperature step (−2 °C to −10 °C), there are quantifiable differences in the microstructure. These differences are related to different recrystallisation mechanisms active at −10 °C, which are not as active when the first stages of the experiment are performed at −2 °C. For studies in which the main aim is obtaining tertiary strain rate data, we propose that a mid-experiment temperature change is a viable method for reducing the time taken to run low stress and low temperature experiments in the laboratory.
Brief Communication: New radar constraints support presence of
ice older than 1.5 Ma at Little Dome C
Authors: Lilien David A. , Steinhage Daniel , Taylor Drew , Parrenin Frédéric , Ritz Catherine , Mulvaney Robert , Martín Carlos , Yan Jie-Bang , O'Neill Charles , Frezzotti Massimo , Miller Heinrich , Gogineni Prasad , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Eisen Olaf
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The area near Dome C, East Antarctica, is thought to be one of the most promising targets for recovering a continuous ice-core record spanning more than a million years. The European Beyond EPICA consortium has selected Little Dome C, an area ~35 km south-east of Concordia Station, to attempt to recover such a record. Here, we present the results of the final ice-penetrating radar survey used to refine the exact drill site. These data were acquired during the 2019–2020 Austral summer using a new, multi-channel high-resolution VHF radar operating in the frequency range of 170–230 MHz. This new instrument is able to detect reflections in the near-basal region, where previous surveys were unable to trace continuous horizons. The radar stratigraphy is used to transfer the timescale of the EPICA Dome C ice core (EDC) to the area of Little Dome C, using radar isochrones dating back past 600 ka. We use these data to derive the expected depth–age relationship through the ice column at the now-chosen drill site, termed BELDC. These new data indicate that the ice at BELDC is considerably older than that at EDC at the same depth, and that there is about 375 m of ice older than 600 ka at BELDC. Stratigraphy is well preserved to 2565 m, below which there is a basal unit with unknown properties. A simple ice flow model tuned to the isochrones suggests ages likely reach 1.5 Ma near 2525 m, ~40 m above the basal unit and ~240 m above the bed, with sufficient resolution (14±1 ka m−1) to resolve 41 ka glacial cycles.
North Sea region energy system towards 2050: integrated offshore grid and sector coupling drive offshore wind power installations
Authors: Koivisto Matti , Gea-Bermúdez Juan , Kanellas Polyneikis , Das Kaushik , Sørensen Poul
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This paper analyses several energy system scenarios towards 2050 for the North Sea region. With a focus on offshore wind power, the impacts of meshed offshore grid and sector coupling are studied. First, a project-based scenario, where each offshore wind power plant is connected individually to the onshore power system, is compared to a meshed grid scenario. Both the amount of offshore wind power installed and the level of curtailment are assessed. Then, these results are compared to a scenario with sector coupling included. The results show that while the introduction of a meshed grid can increase the amount of offshore wind power installed towards 2050, sector coupling is expected to be a more important driver for increasing offshore wind power installations. In addition, sector coupling can significantly decrease the level of offshore wind curtailment.
Grammatical Positions of Focuser Like Among Native English-Speaking Undergraduate Students
Authors: Alamri Basim
Published: December 2020

Discourse markers (DMs) are used in everyday conversations to serve different meanings and functions. The present exploratory study investigated grammatical positions of focuser like among 60 undergraduate native-English-speaking students at a midwestern university in the United States. Students were asked to read and place focuser like in this sentence: “We have to read five chapters for the final exam”. Then students were required to indicate a degree of acceptability of the placement of like at every possible position in sentences that contained the discourse marker like in 10 different grammatical positions. The results showed that students preferred inserting the DM like before a noun phrase, at the beginning of a sentence, and before a verb phrase, respectively. In terms of gender, females frequently posited focuser like before a sentence, whereas males placed it before a noun phrase. Also, the discourse marker like does not occur within auxiliary. Finally, this study draws conclusions about different grammatical positions and broader usages of discourse marker focuser like among younger students.
Live streaming em tempos pandêmicos: práticas informacionais realizadas por profissionais da Ciência da Informação
Authors: Valerim Patrícia , Sousa Rodrigo Silva Caxias de
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Analisa as lives realizadas por integrantes da comunidade da Ciência da Informação em meio à pandemia de covid-19, assumidas teoricamente como prática informacional que tem o objetivo de disseminar informações na web. Método: Adota uma abordagem exploratória-descritiva e mista (quali-quantitativa), tendo como procedimento a observação assistemática na web e a análise de conteúdo relacionada às 74 lives realizadas por dois perfis do Instagram. Resultados: Confirma que os propósitos de prática informacional proposta pelos perfis selecionados. Infere que as temáticas abordam questões profissionais e acadêmicas, de tal forma que emergiram 11 categorias temáticas. Identifica a ampliação das audiências e a dispersão geográfica em relação à origem dos participantes. Conclusões: A caracterização das lives e dos convidados para apresentação de conteúdo demonstram que as práticas informacionais se pautam no conceito de disseminação de informações, o que pode ser identificado a partir das categorias propostas.  As discussões levantadas também apontam a necessidade de que análises posteriores na Ciência da Informação possam ampliar interpretações acerca do objeto investigado.
Step-drawdown tests in exploitation wells for thermal and mineral water – Case study from Slovenia
Authors: Serianz Luka , Rman Nina , Brenčič Mihael
Published: December 2020

A comparative analysis of step-drawdown tests was performed in order to estimate the well performance in Slovenian thermal and mineral water wells. Tests were performed in 30 wells, each having its own maximum production rate determined in the concession decrees. The main focus of well performance analysis, using graphical analysis of the Jacob approximate equation, was to estimate the adequacy of the wells production rate as well as to identify possible changes in the technical status of the wells over years. 5 of total 30 wells were not included in the analysis due to technical issues during test performance. Well performance analysis includes the calculation of nonlinear well losses related to turbulent flow and linear head loss (aquifer and well) assumed to be related to laminar flow. Results indicate that the ratios between nonlinear well losses and linear head (well and aquifer) losses, in this paper referred as laminar losses, are from 6.9 % to 97.4 %. Laminar losses parameter suggests, all investigated wells were classified with either good (11 wells), medium (7 wells) or poor (7 wells) performance. The addressed analysis represents a very important basis for further thermal and mineral water extraction, e.g. optimizing the maximum allowed production rate as granted in concession decrees and diagnose potential changes in the technical status of each well
Peripatetic careers of Vsevolod and Eugenie Gorsky, mid-20th century Slovenian-educated geoscientists
Authors: Master Sharad
Published: December 2020

In September 1947, South Africa’s most famous geologist, Dr Alexander Logie du Toit, FRS, well known for his support of the concept of Continental Drift, received a visit from a Slovenian-educated Russian émigré couple, Vsevolod and Eugenie Gorsky, who were newly arrived in South Africa. Vsevolod, born in what is now Ukraine, was a mining engineer, geologist and geophysicist with vast experience in the minerals industry, while his wife Eugenie, born in the Russian Caucasus, was an analytical geochemist. Vsevolod had a brief exchange of letters with du Toit, seeking his help in obtaining employment in South Africa’s minerals industry. Included in the first letter to du Toit were detailed curricula vitae of both Vsevolod and Eugenie Gorsky. These detailed CVs allow us to reconstruct the training (at the University of Ljubljana, under the influence of Russian mineralogist V.V. Nikitin) and careers of these two earth science professionals in Slovenia and Macedonia, in the early Twentieth Century, and to follow their peripatetic careers as they left the Kingdom of Yugoslavia before the start of the Second World War, in Cyprus, Egypt, Tanganyika and South Africa. They ultimately ended up in Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s, and probably retired there. Eugenie was constrained to follow her husband wherever his career led him, but she always ended up working in most of the countries and places they found themselves in. As a professional couple who travelled the world, the Gorskys were pioneers in a way of life that is commonplace now in a globalized world.
Waste Away
Authors: van Wingerde Karin , Bisschop Lieselot
Published: December 2020

Waste Away. Examining Systemic Drivers of Global Waste Trafficking Based on a Comparative Analysis of Two Dutch Cases

The increasing volume of waste generated globally is one of the most prominent environmental issues we face today. Companies responsible for the treatment or disposal of waste are therefore among the key actors in fostering a sustainable future. Yet the waste industry has often been characterised as a criminogenic one, causing environmental harm which disproportionately impacts the world’s most vulnerable regions and populations. In this article, we illustrate how companies operating in global supply chains exploit legal and enforcement asymmetries and market complexities to trade waste with countries where facilities for environmentally sound treatment and disposal of waste are lacking. We draw on two contemporary cases of corporate misconduct in the Global South by companies with operating headquarters in the Global North: Seatrade and Probo Koala. We compare these cases building on theories about corporate and environmental crime and its enforcement. This explorative comparative analysis aims to identify the key drivers and dynamics of illegal waste dumping, while also exploring innovative ways to make the waste sector more environmentally responsible and prevent the future externalisation of environmental harm.
SALMO 24
Authors: Gonzaga Waldecir , Belem Doaldo Ferreira
Published: December 2020

O extraordinário Sl 24 é um dos mais belos textos bíblicos da liturgia judaico-cristã, e alvo de escrutínio dos estudiosos desde a Antiguidade. Não obstante, este salmo apresenta desafios a serem enfrentados: é difícil determinar sua organização literária como um todo, pois as partes componentes aparentam possuir diversidade na forma e conteúdo. Um quadro desconcertante, onde a Crítica Textual aponta para problemas de transmissão textual e de tradução, enquanto a Crítica da Constituição do Texto aponta para uma possível combinação de composições anteriormente dissociadas. Este estudo, portanto, propõe uma solução exegética pela Análise Retórica Bíblica Semítica para estes problemas, mas principalmente para determinar sua coesão, seu tema unificador – a integração entre adorador e adorado, numa possibilidade de que a geração de Jacó seja o próprio Templo no qual o Rei da Glória é convidado para tomar posse.
An Analysis of the Optical System of a Length Measurement Comparator
Authors: LAZDINAS Rimantas , JUREVICIUS Mindaugas , VEKTERIS Vladas , TURLA Vytautas , JURKONIS Eugenijus
Published: December 2020

In the paper, the optical system of a precise bar length measuring comparator is analysed. The requirements for such a system are determined and systematized. The impact of the resolution, signal discretization frequency, image blurring, bar edge measurement indeterminacy and camera noise on measuring the bar width and establishing the bar position is discussed upon. Various algorithms have been analysed and finally a bar edge identification algorithm oriented to the scale calibration accuracy and the high processing speed was proposed. In the end of the paper, conclusions are provided.
Grate-Firing Boilers Grate Movement Impact onto NOx, SO2 Emissions
Authors: JANČAUSKAS Adolfas , BUINEVIČIUS Kęstutis
Published: December 2020

Measurements of pollutant concentrations in the flue gases of a biofuel boiler show that pollutants concentrations fluctuate by 10-100% and more at short time intervals. Large fluctuations in concentrations hinder the effective application of pollution reduction measures. During the research, flue gas composition measurements were performed in 4 MW, 8 MW industrial biofuel boilers and 20 kW experimental model. The results of the research showed that the change of CO, NO, NO2, SO2, H2S, O2 and particulate matter concentrations is related to the periodicity of the boiler grate movement. During the movement of the grate, the surface of the fuel bed is mechanically disrupted. The different composition of the fuel layers is mixed and this affects the changes in the concentration of combustion products. The clarity of the concentration fluctuations depends on the emissions, the type of fuel and the combustion parameters.
Verwaltung im Lockdown
Authors: Siegel John , Fischer Caroline , Drathschmidt Nicolas , Gelep Adrian , Kralinski Thomas
Published: December 2020

Die Corona-Pandemie hat im Frühjahr 2020 auch die öffentliche Verwaltung gezwungen, die Arbeit zu einem großen Teil ins Homeoffice zu verlagern. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer Studie vor, die mittels qualitativer Interviews und einer Online-Befragung (N=1.189) Beschäftigte öffentlicher Organisationen zum Umgang mit der Krise und den Erfahrungen mit dem Homeoffice befragt hat.
D Minus 1 Production Scenario: Production Model for Produced Hospital Furniture
Authors: Sudiro Susanto
Published: December 2020

Many kinds of production systems are used in medical equipment industries, one of which is through the work-in-process (WIP) buffer control system and feeding material scenarios to assure ability of the process to produce the expected throughput. The production model, known as the D minus 1 production scenario, is used to control production activities at the factory to be carried out using the day minus 1 rule. This rule is a time-based buffer production scenario in 1 day, ending at the finished goods assembly station used as the zero point (D0), from each workstation, pushed for one consecutive day to the beginning of the buffer. With the success of providing WIP buffers on D-1 and D-2 days, the product is certain to be ready on time. Production activities are modeled as Heaviside step function of the various processes involved therein. Production schedule, also production simulation, can be planned through a production dashboard provided for this purpose. Customers demand transformed to an integrated production schedule throughout the production flow, followed by production dispatching and execution. The integrated production schedule includes the supply of raw components, welding, paint, and product assembly to meet on time deliveries.
Tribological Properties of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kumar Panja Sumit
Published: December 2020

Our main focus is to report the tribological properties of ionic liquids (ILs). Mainly, lubricating of ILs has been reported to understand the applicability of ionic liquids (ILs) in petroleum-based lubricant industry and energy conversion process as oil additive. The influence of counter parts of ILs on tribological property has been reported for designing efficient lubricating and oil-additive property of ILs. The effect of halogenated and nonhalogenated ILs on corrosion is also reported during tribological studies at different metal surface. Further, role of ILs as oil-additive has been discussed in terms of better tribological performance. Structure modification and role of anion on better performance of tribological property have been mentioned for enhancing effectiveness of lubricant and oil-additive properties. Origin of corrosion and thin film formation on metal surface are also discussed in detailed using different types of ILs and metal surfaces.
Plant Proteins as Healthy, Sustainable and Integrative Meat Alternates
Authors: Kumar Satish , Kumar Vikas , Sharma Rakesh , Aleena Paul Anna , Suthar Priyanka , Saini Rajni
Published: December 2020

Vegetarian protein diet based food industry have emerged as one of the fastest growing industries with largest than ever shelf space it has created in today’s market. The rapid growth of plant protein industry is attributed to increased health awareness, economic and environmental sustainability issues of animal proteins and their nutritious, economical, and healthy food image among masses. Technological interventions like extrusion texturization has enabled the food engineers to create the imitation meat which approximates the esthetic attributes (texture, flavor, and appearance, binding ability, chewiness, firmness or softness) and/or chemical nature of meat. These texturized plant proteins are healthier and economical meat substitutes with sufficient opportunity to manage modify or change their functional properties in accordance to specific consumer demands.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS): A Review Study of Basic Aspects of the Corrosion Mechanism Applied to Steels
Authors: Herrera Hernández Héctor , M. Ruiz Reynoso Adriana , C. Trinidad González Juan , O. González Morán Carlos , G. Miranda Hernández José , Mandujano Ruiz Araceli , Morales Hernández Jorge , Orozco Cruz Ricardo
Published: December 2020

AC impedance measurements have been applied for over twenty years in electrochemistry and physics to investigate the electrical properties of conductive materials and their interfaces using an external electrical impulse (VOLTAGE, V or CURRENT, I) as driving force. Furthermore, its application has recently appeared to be destined in the Biotechnology field as an effective tool for rapid microbiologic diagnosis of living organism in situ. However, there is no doubt that the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is still one of the most useful techniques around the world for metal corrosion control and its monitoring. Corrosion has long been recognized as one of the most expensive stumbling blocks that concern many industries and government agencies, because it is a steel destructive phenomenon that occurs due to the chemical interaction with aqueous environments and takes place at the interface between metal and electrolyte producing an electrical charge transfer or ion diffusion process. Consequently, it is experimentally possible to determine through the EIS technique the mechanism and control that kinectics of corrosion reactions encounter. First, EIS data is collected through a potentiostat/galvanostat apparatus. After, it is fitted to a mathematical model (i.e. an equivalent electrical circuit, EEC) for its interpretation and analysis, fundamentally seeking a meaningful physical interpretation. Finally, this review reports some basic aspects of the corrosion mechanism applied to steels through the experimental EIS response using Nyquist or Bode plots. Examples are given for different applied electrochemical impedance cases in which steel is under study intentionally exposed to a corrosive aqueous solution by applying a sinusoidal potential at various test conditions.
Keratoconus Treatment Toolbox: An Update
Authors: Roongpoovapatr Vatookarn , Abou Shousha Mohamed , Charukamnoetkanok Puwat
Published: December 2020

Keratoconus is a bilateral, asymmetric, progressive disease of the cornea which can lead to visual impairment and blindness as irregular astigmatism increases and corneal scar occurs. Currently, many methods are available for a treatment of keratoconus. The treatment can help enhance visual rehabilitation and prevent progression in keratoconus patients. The treatment options included non-surgical and surgical managements. This review offers a summary of the current and emerging treatment options for keratoconus- eyeglasses, contact lens, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL), CXL Plus, intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS), Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments (CAIRS), Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK), Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK), Bowman layer transplantation (BL transplantation) and gene therapy.
Energy-Efficient Landscape Design
Authors: Rao Prashanti , Gupta Janmejoy
Published: December 2020

Buildings that are carefully designed using passive strategies for natural ventilation and day lighting reduces our dependency on electrical energy meanwhile ensuring thermal comfort inside the building. Similarly, carefully planned vegetation around the building helps in reducing the urban heat island effect and electricity consumption. Methodology adopted for presenting this study as book chapter, first by understanding the concept of landscape with respect to typologies and components. Secondly discussing the physical parameters in terms of temperature, precipitations and humidity of varied prevailing climatic conditions and varied methods adopted through landscape interventions and techniques to overcome the extreme conditions throughout the year, which in turn helps in reducing the consumption of energy.
Meeting the Needs of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in Entrepreneurial Education in Malaysia: The Government’s Role
Authors: Kamaruddin Hanim , Hassan Rosilah , Othman Norasmah , Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki Wan , Md Sum Sarmila
Published: December 2020

Entrepreneurship education holds great value for all students of science, technology, mission work, social work, healthcare, and education. It also serves as a great incubator for the types of creative, innovative ideas of our students and the global needs in the 21st century where combining entrepreneurship syllabus and exposure of the fourth industrial revolution is essential. This study explores the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) as an opportunity to change models of innovation-driven entrepreneurship for the better, and create an environment that makes entrepreneurship more inclusive, while maximizing the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s benefits to the society and minimizing the risks that come with it. The role of Malaysian government in enhancing entrepreneurial education must therefore recognize the fourth industrial evolution and its impacts that must be compatible with Malaysia’s industry policy. Promotion of entrepreneurial experimentation within an appropriate entrepreneurial education ecosystem will provide entrepreneurs with smart government support that invests in entrepreneurial skills in Malaysia. This article assesses (i) fourth industrial revolution impact on entrepreneurial education; (ii) new expectations arising from impacts of fourth industrial evolution in Malaysia: method in teaching and learning; (iii) government’s role in supporting entrepreneurship education and finally (iv) entrepreneurial education reforms in Malaysia.