bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytokine profile in women with threatened miscarriage and intestinal dysbiosis
Authors: Bezmenko Alexander A. , Sadovaya Natalia D. , Meshkova Marina E. , Malakhova Elena A.
Published: April 2021

Hypothesis/Aims of study: Systemic endotoxinemia resulting from intestinal dysbiosis activates the Th1 immune response and excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, which can cause abortion. This study was aimed at assessing interleukin levels in women with the threat of miscarriage and exploring their dependence on intestinal microbiocenosis and the level of endotoxinemia.
Study design, materials and methods: The study involved 87 women aged 18 to 43 years in pregnancy from six to 22 weeks. The main group consisted of 50 women with a threatened miscarriage. The control group included 37 women with normal pregnancy. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of intestinal microbiocenosis was performed by real-time PCR, with endotoxin and interleukin levels evaluated using conventional methods.
Results: In patients of the main group, intestinal dysbiosis of grade I was detected in 30 % (n = 15), of grade II in 46 % (n = 23), and of grade III in 24 % (n = 12) of cases. In the control group, intestinal microflora disorders corresponded to grade I dysbiosis in 67.6 % (n = 25) and grade II dysbiosis in 32.4 % (n = 12) of cases, there being no cases of severe dysbiosis revealed. The level of endotoxin in pregnant women of the main group was 0.57 0.02 nmol / ml and was classified as increased. The endotoxin level in the blood serum of pregnant women of the control group was 0.34 0.02 nmol / ml and was characterized as low (p 0.001). A strong correlation was found (r = 0.8, p 0.001) between the grade of intestinal dysbiosis and the level of endotoxinemia. The cytokine profile in patients of the main group was characterized by increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 4.9 1.6 pg / ml, IL-6 4.8 1.5 pg / ml) and a decreased concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10 18.0 4.5 pg / ml), when compared to the control group (IL-1 1.8 0.2 pg / ml, IL-6 2.1 0.2 pg / ml, IL-10 30.3 4.4 pg/ml). There were a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between the level of endotoxinemia and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a weak negative correlation between the endotoxin level and the concentration of anti-inflammatory IL-10.
Conclusion: Endotoxinemia, which occurs as a result of intestinal microflora dysbiosis and activates pro-inflammatory pathways, can really be as a triggering factor in the pathogenesis of miscarriage in pregnant women.
Conceptual diagram of digital transformation of the operator company in the transport services market
Authors: Nemanova Nadezhda
Published: April 2021

Rationale: The Russian transport system is losing its competitive advantage due to the slow response to digital calls. Thus, for subjects of the market of transport and logistics services, it is relevant to have recommendations for adapting a business model when moving from an analogue economy to a digital one.
Purpose: To develop a conceptual diagram of the digital transformation of the business model of the operator company.
Methods:

сomparison of the principles of the five business areas of the operator before and after the transition to the digital economy;
analysis of the behavior of companies in the transport market;
summarizing the results of the study and assessing the possibility of their application to other organizations in this market segment;
case method Development of measures for the effective development of multimodal transportation of the Asia-Pacific Region (INTERTRAN));
an integrated approach is the search for new points (channels) of interaction with a dynamic network of customers through the implementation of industrial logistics projects.

Results:

the status of five areas of the business strategy of the operator company was determined before and after the transition from the analogue era to the digital one;
the conditions are formulated under which the implementation of the business process "sale of transport and logistics services" will provide the sales department of the operator company to develop "proactive sales";
recommendations are proposed for adapting a value proposition for the provision of transport and logistics services.

Conclusions: The novelty of the proposed conceptual scheme for adapting the business model of the operator company during the transition from the analogue economy to the digital one lies in the initial definition of the stage of digital transformation of each of the five areas of the operators business strategy, and then in the selection of a specific digital technology for implementation in a specific business-process.
Factors determining the formation of innovative logistics complexes
Authors: Manova Veronika A. , Lebedeva Anna S.
Published: April 2021

Background: This article discusses the development direction that the Russian Federation should follow, which is based on the experience of countries with positive results of the implementing of innovative technologies in the transport logistics complexes.
Aim: To identify and consider the most significant factors influencing on the creation of innovative transport and logistics complexes using the example of the countries of the European Union, which, first of all, include a high level of development of seaports as centers for arranging logistics processes and rational investment in the innovative components of transport logistics complexes.
Methods:

Analysis of port structures, as one of the factors in the creation of innovative transport logistics complexes;
Comparative analysis of countries with different potentials for creation of innovative transport logistics complexes;
Study of the level of innovativeness of transport logistics complexes of the different countries by the point-based rating method based on an expert survey.

Results:

The authors interpretation of the concepts of the transport and logistics complex and port transport and logistics complex is given;
The distinguishing features of innovative complexes have been identified;
The most promising types of ports are determined for arranging innovative complexes on their basis;
The research of the efficiency of the logistics systems and the level of innovations in the port structures of countries with different potential for the arranging innovative port and logistics complexes is carried out

Conclusions:
Based on the research results, recommendations are defined, which will help to increase the potential of the Russian Federation for creation of innovative port transport and logistics complexes through the investments in certain types of technologies and technical solutions.
Factors Determining the Success of HSR Building Projects
Authors: Volkova Elena M.
Published: April 2021

The article reviews the world experience in the construction and operation of high-speed railways in terms of factors that determine the success or failure of such projects. Since the construction of HSR is often considered as a part of national projects on a broader scale, it is proposed to use as criteria for success not only commercial indicators, but also various socio-economic effects arising from their implementation.
The author classifies externalities that reflect the impact of HSR on the development of regions and cities and presents the results of foreign research on their quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Special attention is paid to the experience of China, since this country significantly differs from the rest of the world in terms of development of high-speed rail traffic. In this regard, the largest amount of representative data that allows us to identify the success factors of HSR projects can be found for Chinese projects.
The main scientific result of this article is a generalization of the existing experience of HSR construction projects and justification of the prospects for implementing such projects in the Russian Federation.
Diagnostics of frost water accumulation and technological regulation of the construction of the roadbed
Authors: Lychkovskiy Alexander A. , Lutskiy Svyatoslav Ya. , Landsman Anatoliy Ya. , Navrotskaya Nadezhda V.
Published: April 2021

The relevance and content of technological regulation of production processes with continuous monitoring of changes in soil characteristics in areas of high-temperature permafrost due to the extremely unstable state of the roadbed during the work are substantiated.
Aim: Formation of a technical and technological system that operates on the principles of direct and feedback between the characteristics of geotechnical structures and the parameters of construction equipment for the most efficient and high-quality production of works.
Methods: Methods of technological regulation for the purpose of reducing soil moisture at the stage of freezing water accumulation at the base of the mound being built are proposed.
Conclusion: The expediency of using opto-fiber cable for monitoring the state of the roadbed as a continuous sensor along the length of the route that can register changes in soil properties during the construction of Railways is shown.
Simulation of the circulation method for discharging viscous petroleum products
Authors: Karpova Tatiana S. , Moiseev Vladimir I. , Ksenofontova Vera A.
Published: April 2021

Background: In the domestic market, the consumption of fuel oil increases during the winter period, leading to higher prices. At the same time, the cost of inputs and the time for the discharge of viscous oil products are greatly increased. The duration of the discharge process is related to the physico-chemical properties of the fuel oil. Its viscosity depends on the temperature of the product itself and the temperature of the environment, which in our country averages 5.5 C per year.
Aim: Reduction in the length and cost of transport of viscous petroleum products.
Methods: The article proposes a new method for the carriage of viscous petroleum products by rail, ensuring that their fluidity is preserved without the use of thermal insulation of the boiler of the tank-wagon and the means for carrying the heating. Simulation models of the processes of pouring out viscous petroleum products for a traditional and new method of pouring in the circulation method of discharge of viscous petroleum products, which make it possible to estimate the quantity of resources consumed, are constructed.
Results: The work shows the peculiarities of the existing process of discharging viscous petroleum products. Simulation and functional-cost analysis of the discharge process were carried out under the circulatory method for heating viscous petroleum products. The results were compared.
Conclusion: In the new pouring method, the discharge process is similar to the summer period.
The formation mechanism of external effects of improving transport accessibility caused by high-speed rail devepolment
Authors: Romanov Alexey S. , Lyakina Maria A.
Published: April 2021

Background: One of the current trends of modern transport systems development process is innovative technologies application aimed to rational use of resources, which is confirmed by the development of high-speed rail supposing to reduce travel time costs. The world practice of high-speed railway projects implementation verifies variety of transport availability influences on social and economic sphere that allows to consider HSR not only as the transport innovation defining competitiveness of railway transport, but also as the economic stimulation tool for territory development.
Aim: to substantiate the formation mechanism of external effects from high-speed rail transport projects implementation.
Methods: the study was conducted by means of scientific methods such as the systematic method, comparative analysis, analogy, generalization and abstraction, synthesis, induction.
Results: the formation mechanism of external effects from the transport accessibility improving caused by HSR projects implementation was specified, which allows considering HSR projects as a tool for economic development. The dual nature of the relationship between the high-speed rail efficiency, which ensure the external effects formation, and integration transport processes that affect transport accessibility was revealed.
Measuring the acoustic signals parameters of the defect simulator of power transformers
Authors: Cheremisin Vasiliy T. , Kuznetsov Andrey A. , Volchanina Maria A. , Gorlov Anton V.
Published: April 2021

Background: The article describes a device for simulating defects for use with acoustic control systems for high-voltage transformers.

Aim: experimental research of a mobile device for imitation of power transformer defects; determine the parameters of impulses simulating various insulation defects
Methods: development of technical means for imitation of insulation defects; experimental research; determination of parameters of signals simulating defects.
Results: a block diagram of a device for imitating defects is shown; experimental studies of the device for imitating defects were carried out; the power of pulses simulating various defects in the insulation of high-voltage transformers was calculated.
Conclusion: The proposed device generates high-voltage pulses that simulate various defects in the insulation of high-voltage transformers. The parameters of acoustic signals are given.
Technological regulation of the construction of the roadbed
Authors: Lychkovskiy Alexander A.
Published: April 2021

Technological regulation of the construction of the roadbed becomes an integral part of the construction process. Continuous monitoring of soil characteristics at the construction stage is very important for all types of soil, especially for watered areas of soil and areas with high-temperature permafrost.
Aim: Formation of a technical and technological system that operates on the principles of direct and feedback between the characteristics of geotechnical structures and the parameters of construction equipment for the most efficient and high-quality production of works.
Methods: Technological regulation of the humidity of the roadbed by means of technical influence at the stage of frost moisture accumulation.
Conclusion: to monitor the condition of the roadbed during the construction of Railways, it is advisable to use an opto-fiber cable as a sensor that can record many characteristics of the ground continuously along the entire length of the route.
Modeling and prediction of indicators of dynamics of diseases of residents of regions coronavirus COVID-19
Authors: Gerasimenko Petr V.
Published: April 2021

Background: To carry out mathematical modeling of key indicators of the spread of the coronavirus epidemic and, with their help, evaluate the forecast of the dynamics of its completion time.
Aim: Due to a substantial request for the practice of making informed decisions to isolate the population in the face of the uncertainty of the increased risks of infection.
Methods: The regression analysis was used as a method that uses the best parameter estimation of mathematical models, providing high quality dynamics of key indicators of the spread of the epidemic. To build the models, statistical data were used, which are generated by monitoring by coordinating councils to combat the spread of COVID-19 in the regions of the Russian Federation.
Results: The proposed methodological apparatus allowed, based on the monitoring data of the coordinating council to combat the spread of St. Petersburg coronavirus, to carry out modeling and prediction of the course of the disease in the region.
Conclusion: The proposed approach makes it possible to justifiably recommend management decisions to the administration and health authorities to create normal economic and social living conditions for residents of Russian regions, their employment, including training, during the spread of coronavirus.
Recommendations: Continue to improve the apparatus for modeling and forecasting key distribution indicators of COVID-19.
Ponton (flow) bridges from metal polyethylene pipes
Authors: Vasiliev Kirill A. , Borisov Vyacheslav A. , Averchenko Gleb A.
Published: April 2021

The object of the study is a pontoon link, where the role of the bearing structure is performed by non-standard pipes. Construction of surface bridges is widely used in bridge construction and is an essential part of the development of transport infrastructure of our country and abroad. In the case where it is not possible to build capital or low-water bridges, surface bridges or ferry crossings are used. Built-up bridges are very convenient to use in the construction of capital bridges, when the main course of the route is blocked instead of temporary stationary bridges. In order to compare the application of the developed solution, an approximate calculation of the cost of the pontoon was made. Analysis of costs in the market of analogues showed that the cost of only the bearing structure of a pontoon of similar load capacity based on plastic pipes, will be much higher than the cost of pantone out of non-standard. The study examined the possibility of using non-standard pipes for the construction of weld bridges. Non-standard pipes are a promising material for construction of weld bridges due to buoyancy, low cost, such pipes are easily available raw materials.
The accuracy of numerical methods for the analysis of electrostatic fields
Authors: Taran Vladimir N. , Shevlyugin Maxim V. , Shandybin Aleksey V.
Published: April 2021

Aim: Estimation of the accuracy of the numerical method relative to the analytical solution.
Methods: This article reports on studies of the accuracy of numerical calculations based on the finite element method. The variational scheme of the method is considered.
Results: The dependences of errors on the number of simplexes used are obtained and analyzed. The authors noted ways to further improve accuracy.
Conclusion: The article gives recommendations on the possible application of the finite element method in solving problems of calculating the electromagnetic fields of real objects.
Stepper induction motors for electric drive
Authors: Solomin Vladimir A. , Solomin Andrej V. , Trubitsina Nadejda A. , Zamchina Larisa L.
Published: April 2021

Aim: The goal is to present a new asynchronous principle of operation of stepper motors, based on the use of counter-rotating (or traveling) magnetic fields.
Method: A change in the degree of symmetry of one of these magnetic fields leads to the fact that the armature (rotor or secondary element) makes a precise discrete movement.
Result: The force moving the armature of a stepper induction motor is created as a result of the interaction of eddy currents in the armature with a rotating or traveling magnetic field. Stepper induction motors can rotate the rotor at a certain angle and discretely move flat or cylindrical electrically conductive armatures, which can be smooth and non-magnetic. A separate group of motors for a discrete electric drive is made up of two-coordinate linear stepping asynchronous machines, which also operate using the same counter-running magnetic fields both in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
Conclusion: The features of the design of such electric machines are presented, the values of the magnetic induction in different zones of a two-coordinate stepper motor are determined, the relations for calculating the steps of the armature in both the longitudinal and transverse directions are given.
Proposals for the construction of overpass structures and transport hubs for the high-speed highway in St. Petersburg
Authors: Senkin Nikolai A. , Filimonov Aleksandr S. , Khalimbekov Islam M. , Kravets Angelica I. , Mitrovska Dona S. , Bolshikhshapok Ivan S.
Published: April 2021

Background: As part of student research at St. Petersburg architectural-construction University continues to develop alternative proposals for the creation of a circumferential highway at the boundaries of communication areas of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region. The article presents the results of research works on optimization of routing highways, according to the architectural layout of buildings, transport hubs, to study the effects the pre-tension of the puffs and the guys at the reduction of efforts and deformations of the main elements of the highway, the calculations of the designs of the most high and loaded sea area. The construction of the 8-high-speed transport highway was upgraded due to restrictions related to the reconstruction of Levashovo and Pulkovo airports, the transfer of the capital of the Leningrad region to Gatchina, and linking to the promising metro stations Strelna, Yanino and Kudrovo. The upgraded scheme of the highway is proposed in the form of an open polygon with transport and interchange nodes in the corners and is based on load-bearing trestle structures of arched-cable design that provide the necessary functionality, reliability and safety.
Aim: development of a district high-speed transport system on the borders of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, based on the widespread use of electric transport, with passenger traffic comparable to the metro line.
Materials and Methods: trestle structures are designed for combinations of operating loads, forces and impacts, including consideration of dynamic aspects and non-linearity, using the "SCAD Office" software package.
Results: based on the results of variant design, an arch-cable-stayed version with spans of 180 m and 360 m was adopted as a supporting structure according to the metal consumption criterion, which became the basic one for building a highway of overpass design. From an approximate calculation, it follows that the cost of building a highway on land plots (two-track scheme) compared to the construction of the metro, it is expected to be 5-6 times lower, and on the sea sections 3-4 times lower due to high pylons and deep pile foundations.
Conclusion: the estimated volume of passenger traffic per day for the two-track high-speed and two-track high-speed highways will be 208 thousand passengers, and 76 million passengers per year, which is quite comparable to this indicator for the metro line.
Garimpando palavras
Authors: Medeiros Vanise , Costa Thais , Mendes Raphael
Published: April 2021

Com este artigo, que se ancora na Análise de Discurso materialista na sua relação com a História das Ideias Linguísticas, partimos de um conjunto de notas produzidas por Alencar para os romances Iracema e O Guarani as quais tinham como característica comum a referenciação explicitada de suas fontes. Nossa proposta foi a de ir em busca de um horizonte de retrospecção projetado nas notas, a fim de refletir sobre a (re)produção e a circulação do conhecimento a partir das notas. Para a análise das relações entre as notas e suas fontes, lançamos mão ainda do aparato teórico-analítico de Authier-Revuz, o que nos permitiu observar o jogo que aí se tece entre o que se atribui a si e ao outro em suas diferentes formas e funcionamentos. O percurso de análise empreendido nos permitiu observar os gestos de autoria do escritor sobre a língua.
Apagamento do rótico em coda no Português Santomense (PST)
Authors: Vieira Nancy Mendes Torres , Balduino Amanda Macedo
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o apagamento do rótico em coda no português de São Tomé (PST), uma variedade do português falada em São Tomé e Príncipe. Para análise desse processo, nos pautamos na Sociolinguística Variacionista e a análise quantitativa foi realizada nos softwares RStudio e Rbrul. Consideramos variáveis sociais (Sexo, Faixa Etária e Grau de Escolaridade) e linguísticas (Classe Gramatical, Tonicidade, Posição do Segmento e Contexto Fonológico Precedente) que poderiam favorecer ou desfavorecer o fenômeno. Examinando as 1523 ocorrências de rótico em coda, verificamos o apagamento do rótico em 56,53% dos dados. A variável mais significativa foi a Posição do Segmento com o maior índice de apagamento constatado quando o rótico estava em posição final (P.R. .71). A amostra foi, portanto, dividida em duas amostras menores analisadas separadamente: 712 ocorrências do rótico em coda medial e 811 em coda final. Na análise do fenômeno em coda medial, o índice de apagamento foi de 32,6% e os maiores índices de apagamento foram verificados entre os informantes do ensino fundamental (P.R. .62) e do sexo feminino (P.R. .59). Já em coda final, o índice de apagamentos foi de 77,5% e os falantes com ensino fundamental (P.R. .75) e mais jovens (P.R. .76) foram mais propensos ao apagamento, ademais, a classe verbal favoreceu o apagamento (P.R. .62). Os resultados são cojetados com trabalhos prévios (BOUCHARD, 2017; BRANDÃO, 2018; BRANDÃO; DE PAULA, 2018; BRANDÃO et al., 2017) e com resultados de estudos sobre variedades do PB e do PE.
Competitividad y Estado en el complejo automotriz argentino a partir del análisis de su protección arancelaria (1965-1983)
Authors: Bil Damián Andrés
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se analiza el esquema de protección efectiva para los sectores de autopartes y terminales automotrices en la etapa de su consolidación y posterior crisis (1965-1983). Inicialmente se propuso estudiar la forma de intervención del Estado para sostener la acumulación, sin embargo, la investigación abrió líneas complementarias de estudio, a saber: la relación económica entre autopartistas y terminales y las condiciones que permitían sostener la producción local de piezas o la importación de las mismas. Así, se analiza un aspecto de la intervención estatal en la industria y se aportan elementos para evaluar la performance del sector en su competitividad y las relaciones dentro de la cadena de valor.
Low-Energy Architecture for Sustainable Neighborhoods
Authors: Todeschi Valeria , Beltramino Simone , Jamous Bernadette El , Mutani Guglielmina
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, energy consumption in buildings is one of the fundamental drivers to control greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact. In fact, the air quality of urban environments can cause two main phenomena in metropolitan areas: urban heat island and climate changes. The aim of this work is to showcase how different building variables can impact the residential building’s space heating and cooling energy consumption. Buildings energy-related variables can be fundamental viewpoints to improve the energy performance of neighborhoods, especially in future urban planning. This work examines four neighborhoods in the city of Turin (IT): Arquata, Crocetta, Sacchi, and Olympic Village characterized by different morphologies and building typologies. In each neighborhood, residential building was grouped according to orientations and construction periods. A sensitivity analysis was applied by analysing six building variables: infiltration rate, window-to-wall ratio, and windows, walls, roofs, and floor thermal transmittances. The energy consumption for space heating and cooling of residential buildings and local climate conditions were investigated using CitySim Pro tool and ENVI-met. The challenge of this work is to identify the building variables that most influence energy consumption and to understand how to promote high-energy efficiency neighborhoods: the goal is to identify the “ideal” urban form with low consumption and good comfort conditions in outdoor urban environments. The results of this work show a significant connection between the energy consumption and the six analyzed building variables; however, this relationship also depends on the shape and orientation of the neighborhood.
Energy-Exergy Analysis of Solarized Triple Combined Cycle Having Intercooling, Reheating and Waste Heat Utilization
Authors: Singh Onkar , Arora Gaitry , Sharma Vinod Kumar
Published: April 2021

Heliostat-based solar thermal power system consisting of a combination of the Brayton cycle, Rankine cycle, and organic Rankine cycle is a potential option for harnessing solar energy for power generation. Among different options for improving the performance of solarized triple combined cycle the option of introducing intercooling and reheating in the gas turbine cycle and utilizing the waste heat for augmenting the power output needs investigation. Present study considers a solarized triple combined cycle with intercooling and reheating in gas turbines while using the heat rejected in intercooling in heat recovery vapour generator and heat recovery steam generator separately in two different arrangements. A comparison of two distinct cycle arrangements has been carried out based on Ist law and IInd law of thermodynamics with the help of thermodynamic parameters. Results show that triple combined cycle having intercooling heat used in heat recovery vapour generator offers maximum energy efficiency of 63.54% at 8 CPR & 300K ambient temperature and maximum exergetic efficiency of 38.37% at 14 CPR & 300 K. While the use of intercooling heat in heat recovery steam generator offers maximum energy and exergetic efficiency of 64.15% and 39.72% respectively at 16 CPR & 300 K ambient temperature.
PROGRAMA DE MELHORIA DO ACESSO E DA QUALIDADE DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA SOB A ÓTICA MÉDICA
Authors: Amaro Marilane , Paulo Oliveira Jean , Toledo de Mendonça Érica , Amaro de Carvalho Camilo , Pacheco Zanelli Fernando , Guerra Siman Andreia
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: compreender a concepção sobre o Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) sob a ótica dos médicos atuantes nas equipes de Saúde da Família. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 14 médicos através de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Elaboraram-se três categorias temáticas: A concepção médica sobre o PMAQ-AB: visões que se contrapõem; A face positiva do PMAQ-AB; PMAQ-AB e as dificuldades vivenciadas pelos médicos. Conclusão: Fazem-se necessários programas de educação permanente no tocante às políticas de saúde de forma a incorporá-las com maior efetividade visando à qualidade nas práticas dos serviços de saúde. Ressalta-se a necessidade de investimentos na estrutura física e recursos materiais que são apontados como aspectos limitadores para a atuação dos profissionais.
Factors associated with the risk subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in rotational shift workers in the Arctic
Authors: Shurkevich N. P. , Vetoshkin A. S. , Gapon L. I. , Dyachkov S. M. , Simonyan A. A.
Published: April 2021

Objective.To determine the most unfavorable predictors of atherosclerotic plaque (ASP) in carotid arteries (CA) in rotational shift workers in the Arctic using traditional risk factors, clinical and instrumental methods of research.

Design and methods. In 2010–2012, we randomly selected 424 males aged 30–59 years from 1708 rotational shift workers at the medical unit of the gas production company “Gazprom dobycha Yamburg” (Yamburg settlement, 68ºN) and performed preventive medical examination. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to blood pressure (BP) level. Group 1 included 294 patients with hypertension (HTN) of 1 or 2 stages > 140/90 mmHg and group 2 was comprised of 130 people with BP < 140/90 mmHg. The groups did not differ by age, total work experience in the Arctic and rotational shiftwork duration. Ultrasound examination of CA showed presence or absence of ASP and stenosis by NASCET method. In addition, we assessed traditional risk factors and performed 24-hour BP monitoring and blood tests including lipid spectrum, glucose level, creatinine.

Results.ASP was found more often in subjects with HTN (group 1) than in people with normal BP in the same age group, 95 % CI 56–60 % vs 95 % CI 14–20 %, (p < 0,0001). The groups did not differ significantly in the nutritional habits (p = 0,067). At the same time, the rate of smoking (p = 0,039), low physical activity (p = 0,007), overweight (p < 0,0001) was significantly higher in group 1 compared to subjects with normal BP. According to multivariate analysis, three variables with the most significant predictors associated with ASP in CA with sensitivity 75,9 % were selected using step-by-step method: diastolic BP 24 (DBP24) (p < 0,0001), glucose (p = 0,017) and total cholesterol (p = 0,044). The linear function was obtained: F = –7,664 + 0,225 × Chol + 0,366 × Glu + 0,057 × DBP24, where the variable “Chol” is the level of total cholesterol in the blood in mmol/l; “Glu” — the level of blood glucose in mmol/l; “DBP24” — average 24-hour diastolic BP. Based on the model, we concluded that DBP24 increment by 1 mmHg increases the risk for developing ASB in CA by 5,9 %, OR = 1,059 (95 % CI: 1,033; 1,087); the increment in glucose and total cholesterol by 1 mmol/l increases the risk by 44,1 % and 25,2 %, respectively: OR = 1,441 (95 % CI: 1,084; 1,966), OR = 1,252 (95 % CI: 1,010; 1,565).

Conclusions.Our data enable to determine the most unfavorable predictors of ASP in CA and can potentially serve as a guideline for early diagnosis and medical management to prevent cardiovascular diseases in rotational shift workers in the Arctic.
Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke
Authors: Petrov M. G. , Kucherenko S. S. , Topuzova M. P.
Published: April 2021

The article reviews the problem of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of ischemic stroke. The frequency and relevance of this complication in clinical practice is high considering the widespread implementation of cerebral recanalization methods: intravenous thrombolytic therapy and intravascular thromboembolectomy. The etiology and pathogenesis, as well as alternative mechanisms underlying the development of HT are also discussed. The probability of HT increases in case of extensive cerebral ischemia commonly associated with cardiac embolism. The role of spontaneous and medication-induced arterial recanalization of cerebral arteries in the genesis HT is discussed. In particular, it is noted that arterial recanalization is not an essential factor for the occurrence of HT in cerebral infarction. The severity of HT is determined by the duration and degree of cerebral ischemia. There is a need for a targeted search for HT predictors. The classification of types and criteria of HT are presented. The risk factors and scales used to predict HT are studied. Risk factors for HT are combined into several groups: clinical, laboratory, genetic, neuroimaging. Their comparative analysis is carried out and practical significance is estimated.
The value of assessing cerebrovascular reactivity in hypertension and comorbid pathology
Authors: Ripp T. M. , Rebrova N. V.
Published: April 2021

The review presents the rationale for the importance of studies on the reactivity of cerebral vessels, the classification of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and the threshold values of quantitative indicators of the reserve phase and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in healthy volunteers. Features of CVR in hypertension are described depending on the clinical course, daily blood pressure profile, the presence of comorbid pathology, the treatment approaches in treatment CVR disorders. We discuss the evidence-based data on the role of CVR assessment in diagnosing latent cerebral circulation insufficiency, prediction of cerebrovascular complications, monitoring the effectiveness and safety of drug and devise-based therapy of hypertension associated with abnormal CVR.
2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation: what is new for neurologists?
Authors: Yanishevskiy S. N. , Skiba I. B. , Polushin A. Y.
Published: April 2021

Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) are one of the most regularly updated documents by the European Society of Cardiology. The new version of clinical practice guidelines (2020) contains a number of changes regarding anticoagulant therapy in patients with AF who have developed acute cerebrovascular accidents. In this review, we discuss the statements of the updated document on the timing of the start/restart of anticoagulant therapy after ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with AF, the choice of antithrombotic therapy in patients with cryptogenic stroke, as well as the need for the additional testing to clarify the origin of the embolism. We provide our original position on the possibility of applying these recommendations to the real clinical practice.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Exploring the Versatility of Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Omar Yasmine
Published: April 2021

Evidence indicates that motivation early in treatment is critical to treatment outcome, and motivational interviewing (MI) has addressed this finding by helping individuals work through ambivalence about change. Not only has it demonstrated improvements in treatment outcome across treatment populations and settings, it has been adapted with success into brief motivational interventions. This special issue explores the use of MI with populations at great risk for ambivalence in therapy, including college students violating campus policy, individuals who have been trafficked, and individuals in exposure therapy. The papers further highlight the versatility of MI-based interventions, as well as their limitations, that may help inform future directions for adapting MI as we move toward digital and web-based interventions.
Notes on Contributors: Building a Better World: The Crisis and Opportunity of Covid-19
Authors: Taylor Peter , McCarthy Mary
Published: April 2021

This is the Notes on Contributors for IDS Bulletin 52.1 'Building a Better World: The Crisis and Opportunity of Covid-19'.
Building Back Better, Gender Equality, and Feminist Dilemmas
Authors: Nazneen Sohela , Araujo Susana
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected men and women differently, exacerbating existing gender inequalities across a range of areas including health, education, and livelihoods. Globally, the levels of gender-based violence have increased. Consensus exists in policy circles that emergency response and recovery plans should consider both the immediate and longer-term gender impact of Covid-19, and without effective measures, the progress made to date on gender equality will not be sustainable. But has this crisis led to a moment when gender power hierarchies in our economies, politics, and society can be renegotiated? In this article, we explore: what does building back better look like if gender equality was at its core? What kinds of feminist dilemmas arise with respect to how we frame women’s voice and agency as we advocate for transformative systemic change? We start with a vision for building back better with a gender lens; and move on to discuss the gender-specific impacts of Covid-19 that exacerbate the vulnerabilities of women and girls. In connection with the latter, we discuss the feminist dilemmas that arise with respect to discourse on women’s agency, representation, participation, and the key issues that we need to consider for transforming systemic gender power hierarchies.
Beyond the Crisis: Irish Aid’s Approach to Nutrition in Tanzania during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mwamelo Kim , Nyella Peter , Fitzgerald Adrian
Published: April 2021

Malnutrition remains a major public health challenge in Tanzania, driven by complex factors such as water stress, gender inequality, and poor access to services. Irish Aid in Tanzania supports nutrition through a multisectoral approach to address nutrition-sensitive and specific challenges in regions of focus. After the first case of Covid-19 was reported in Tanzania, Irish Aid adapted a two-pronged approach to ensuring continuity of nutrition services before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Through adapting its existing partnerships and engaging new partnerships, Irish Aid contributed to (1) mitigating the impact of the pandemic in Tanzania, and (2) safeguarding essential services, including nutrition. This article summarises Irish Aid’s approach and provides recommendations for building back better.
Considerações críticas a respeito da pandemia
Authors: Imperatori Thaís Kristosch , Barros Melina Sampaio de Ramos , Silva Aline Gouveia da , Oliveira Anna Clara Soares de , Lima Iury Venilson Pereira de
Published: April 2021

O livro “Quarentena: reflexões sobre a pandemia e depois”, organizado por Anjuli Tostes e Hugo Melo Filho, já aponta no título que o momento de distanciamento social exige reflexões sociais, políticas, econômicas e culturais.
El ecosistema canario de I+D+i
Authors: Santana-Beneyto Héctor Antonio , Bellón-Navarro Juan José
Published: April 2021

La creciente importancia que está adquiriendo para Canarias la Investigación, el Desarrollo tecnológico y la Innovación (I+D+i) justifica el interés de este estudio que analiza el ecosistema de I+D+i Canario, realizando una distinción entre provincias del Archipiélago en la descripción de los diferentes agentes que integran tal ecosistema. De forma más particular, el presente trabajo realiza un análisis de diversas empresas canarias de base tecnológica generadas en el marco de dicho ecosistema.
"empakando" desde El Salvador: evidencias de una pyme de éxito internacional
Authors: García-Cabrera Antonia Mercedes , García-Soto María Gracia , Cuéllar-Molina Deybbi
Published: April 2021

Existe un limitado conocimiento sobre las pymes radicadas en países en desarrollo e internacionalizadas que hayan alcanzado el éxito. Este caso muestra el ejemplo de la empresa empakando, una pyme fundada en 2000 en El Salvador (Centroamérica), que logró consolidarse e internacionalizarse con éxito hacia otros países de la región. El caso aborda temas relacionados con: el proceso activo de búsqueda de oportunidades de negocio; la complementariedad de las trayectorias de los miembros del equipo fundador; el compromiso de la empresa con la responsabilidad social empresarial; y la gestión de las dificultades que habitualmente existen en los países en desarrollo.
Trombosis venosa cerebral y COVID-19: ¿Asesino silencioso durante la pandemia?
Authors: Gutiérrez-Zevallos Juan Diego , Guarniz-Huamán Diego Alberto , Sánchez-Landers Manuel
Published: April 2021

Trombosis venosa cerebral (TVC) es una rara condición clínica caracterizada por una obstrucción de los senos venosos durales o de las venas corticales cerebrales que desencadena hipertensión intracraneal y síntomas tales como cefalea, crisis epilépticas y coma, entre otros. Se ha asociado como complicación neurológica del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) del Coronavirus 2. Objetivo: Describir los casos reportados de TVC en pacientes con Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Material y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed para recabar sólo los reportes de caso en los que los pacientes con COVID-19 desarrollaron TVC. Resultados: Se analizaron reportes de 13 pacientes y se recabó información sobre sexo, edad, comorbilidades, severidad del COVID-19, tipo de TVC, tratamiento recibido, complicaciones y desenlace final. Conclusión: TVC asociada a COVID-19 se puede presentar en pacientes con características variadas, suele tener complicaciones graves y en algunos casos, un desenlace mortal.
Indonesia’s Foreign Policy in Pacific Island Countries during Joko Widodo Era 2014-2019: An Adaptive Action?
Authors: Wati Vrameswari Omega , Apresian Stanislaus Risadi , Dewi Elisabeth A. Satya
Published: April 2021

Istilah ‘Pacific Elevation’ muncul pertama kali ketika penyelenggaraan Pacific Exposition pada 2019 lalu di Auckland, Selandia Baru. Konsep baru ini diperkenalkan oleh Menteri Luar Negeri, Retno Marsudi sebagai istilah yang merujuk pada era baru kemitraan yang lebih kuat antara Indonesia dengan negara-negara Kepulauan Pasifik. Kegiatan yang dimanfaatkan untuk membahas berbagai peluang kerja sama ini merupakan salah satu bentuk realisasi kebijakan ‘Look East’ oleh Indonesia dengan memberikan perhatian lebih melalui berbagai keterlibatannya di negara-negara Kepulauan Pasifik. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan memaparkan realisasi kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia di negara-negara Kepulauan Pasifik merupakan tindakan adaptif sebagai respons dari perkembangan yang terjadi di lingkup eksternal. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan di negara-negara Kepulauan Pasifik seperti seringnya pergantian kepemimpinan yang terjadi, manuver politik Gerakan Persatuan Pembebasan untuk Papua Barat, dan disuarakannya isu Papua oleh beberapa negara di Kepulauan Pasifik dalam sidang PBB mendorong pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan adaptif untuk mengatasi potensi ancaman yang diterima dengan cara meningkatkan keterlibatan yang lebih intensif di kawasan Kepulauan Pasifik.Kata-kata kunci: Kebijakan luar negeri, Adaptif, Papua, Kepulauan PasifikThe term 'Pacific Elevation' first appeared in the Pacific Exposition event in 2019 in Auckland, New Zealand. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Retno Marsudi, introduced this new concept as a term that refers to a new era of stronger partnerships between Indonesia and Pacific Island Countries (PIC). The activity used to discuss various opportunities for cooperation is one of the realizations of the 'Look East' policy by giving more attention to Indonesia's various engagements in the PICs. This study employs a qualitative method with data collection techniques through literature study and focus group discussions. This article aims to analyze and explain that Indonesia's foreign policy in PICs is an adaptive action in response to developments in the external environment. The results of this study indicate that developments in PICs such as frequent leadership changes, political maneuvering of the United Liberation Movement of West Papua, and voicing the issue of Papua by several PICs in the UN forum encouraged the Indonesian government to issue an adaptive policy to overcome the potential threats received by Indonesia by increasing more intensive involvement in the region of Pacific Islands.Keywords: Foreign policy, Adaptive, Papua, Pacific Islands
Strategic Environment, Strategist, and Strategy
Authors: Nashir Asep Kamaluddin , Komeini Yugolastarob , Rosdiana Hesti
Published: April 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan irisan dan keterkaitan erat antara lingkungan strategis, strategist, dan strategi dalam perkembangan isu-isu keamanan internasional. Selain itu, faktor national will setiap negara memberikan pemahaman berbeda tentang perspektif strategis dan perumusan strategi yang dihasilkan. Hasil dari tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa lingkungan strategis menjadi preferensi strategist atau para pengambil kebijakan dalam merumuskan kebijakan atau strategi, dengan mempertimbangkan national will untuk menghadapi perkembangan lingkungan strategis. Dengan kata lain, identifikasi lingkungan strategis bagi aktor negara menjadi sebuah keharusan untuk menjamin tercapainya kepentingan nasional. Identifikasi tersebut berkonsekuensi pada pemahaman strategist dalam menyusun strategi untuk mencapai kepentingan nasional sebuah negara.Kata-kata kunci: Lingkungan strategis, National Will, Natuna, Indo-Pasifik This paper aims to explain the links between the strategic, strategic, and strategic environments in the development of international security issues. Furthermore, we seek to explain why a countries national will provide a different understanding of the resulting strategic perspective and strategy formulation. The results of this paper explain that the strategic environment becomes the preference of strategists or policymakers in formulating policies or strategies, taking into account the national will, to adapt to the development of the strategic environment. In other words, identifying the strategic environment for state actors is a must to ensure the achievement of national interests. This identification has consequences on strategic understanding in formulating strategies to achieve the national interest of a country.Keywords: Strategic environment, National Will, Natuna, Indo-Pacific