bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normalization of the permissible error in measuring the mass when controlling the parts of the connecting rod-piston group
Authors:   Erokhin M.N. Leonov O.A. Shkaruba N.Zh. Golinitskiy P.V. Antonova U.YU.
Published: November 2021

The problems related to the standardization of the error in the mass measurements when dividing products into groups and picking according to the difference in mass are considered. On the basis of the theory of probabilities and the basic provisions of metrology, a dependence is obtained to determine the error of the mass difference. Recommendations are given for improving the metrological support of indirect measurements of the mass difference, a formula is determined for calculating the normalized values of errors depending on the tolerances for the mass difference, and criteria for choosing measuring instruments for controlling the mass difference of parts at the stage of completing the connecting rod-piston group during the production and repair of engines are considered. The measurement error is estimated when using preassembly selection of parts by weight.
Keywords: quality of measurements, mass measurements, mass difference, indirect measurements, choice of measuring instruments, permissible measurement error, complete set of connecting rod and piston group.
metr@rgau-msha.ru
Thin-film technologies in the creation of electrode materials for promising current sources
Authors:   Sleptsov V.V. Kukushkin D.YU. Kulikov S.N. Diteleva A.O. Tsyirkov R.A.
Published: November 2021

The theoretical substantiation of the use of thin-film technology in the creation of electrode materials for hybrid capacitors based on a carbon matrix modified with metal nanoclusters is given. Technologies for the synthesis of similar materials for high-power mobile current sources are considered.
Keywords: hybrid capacitor, thin-film vacuum technology, nanotechnology, metal nanoclusters, electrode materials.

anna.diteleva@mail.ru
CHURCH’S RESPONSE AS NOSTRUM TO THE CHALLENGES OF STUDENT ACTIVISM MOVEMENT IN NIGERIAN HIGHER INSTITUTION OF LEARNING
Authors: Mary Olubunmi Adebayo
Published: November 2021

Students’ populace serves as a key stakeholder in education which cannot be disregarded in decision making. Also, education impacts students with knowledge, skills and empowerment to be active in developing the society, part of the educational structure in higher education is student activism movement. Students Activism movement in higher institution of learning performs these activities to the student’s populace and the society - Student Welfare, Academic development, Social Activities, Community Service, Infrastructural Development and others. Moreover, the benefits students derive in this movement are – Confidence booster, enables the student to get involved in reformation, building new connections, discovery of hidden talents and developing ability to move out of comfort zone. However, the movement is faced with diverse challenges that combat its original intention. Such challenges are – Cultism, Examination malpractice, Indiscipline, Insecurity, Frequent harassment and others. Furthermore, nostrum to the challenges of this movement is the intervention of the faith-based organization like the Church. The church is therefore, saddled with the responsibilities of constant enlightenment to the prospective students on the activity of the movement. The writer thus recommends the following to combat the challenges of student activism movement in the Nigerian higher Institution of learning - Student Activism movement should return to its original purpose of existence as enumerated by its founder, government should create enabling school climate for the students of higher institutions in Nigeria, the church should give proper enlightenment to the prospective students on the activities of student in the higher institution of learning.
KEYWORDS: Student Activism, Church, Education.
Ancient city type settlements of Lowland Karabakh
Authors:   НАНА Институт Археологии, этнографии и антропологии доктор философии по истории, Ильгар гызы Алиева Гюлана
Published: November 2021

The archaeological research indicated a large number and significant density of settlements of different times on the territory of Azerbaijan, which is mainly due to the fact that there were all the necessary conditions for the emergence of settlements. The decisive condition for their emergence has always been the presence of certain material prerequisites for life, as well as the possibility of defending a given area. The analysis of archaeological materials draws a picture of life in the cities of Albania in the period of antiquity. These cities were administrative and trade and craft centers with developed money circulation. In the cities of Albania, such types of handicrafts as pottery, metallurgy and metalworking, jewelry, glass making, as well as weaving and leatherworking were developed. In their development, a significant role played the trade routes of that time passing through the territory of Albania, one of which was the waterway along the Kura River. Keywords: Albania, Karabakh, cities, base of column, defensive walls
THE MAIN PROBLEMS IN TAX ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING IN THE AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Bayram Novruzzade Gulbahar
Published: November 2021

Although efforts are made to complete the tax return correctly and ensure that taxes are paid, problems with inspections and tax arrears can still arise. Problems with the collection of unpaid taxes and the verification of tax returns can be a source of concern for many taxpayers. You can learn how auditors work and what to do if you encounter them from the following sources: 1. what happens if taxpayers fail to pay, 2. how tax collections work, 3. how to apply to the IRS (internal income system) transaction 4. can learn about tax evasion and fraud. Key words: Tax, auditing, problems, control, economy
Analysis on the Ideological and Political Education Function of Major Commemorative Activities
Authors: Yu Chengzhen
Published: November 2021

Major commemorative activities can carry and transmit the content of ideological and political education, with distinct political nature, extensive participation and strong characteristics of the times. Therefore, major commemorative activities have the function of ideological and political education. The ideological and political education function of major commemorative activities is mainly manifested in strengthening political identity, condensing value consensus and enhancing mission responsibility. By enriching the forms of practical activities, widely using new media and realizing the organic unity of family, school and society, we will give full play to the ideological and political education function of major commemorative activities, so as to cultivate qualified builders and reliable successors for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Why are Cultural Adaptations such a Prevalent Strategy in the Media Business?
Authors: Guo Yanxue
Published: November 2021

With the technological background of media convergence, industry convergence has gradually become closer, and cultural adaptation strategies have progressively prospered. Phenomenon can be embodied as best-selling novels being adapted for the “big screen,” films being turned into video games and international TV formats for national audiences. For example, of the top ten movies in 2016, seven of the movies are prequels or sequels related to existing movies, and/or are based on novels and comics [1]. This situation is not limited to movies and dramas, other forms (such as drama) have also begun to undergo cultural adaptation [2]. This essay will first define the cultural adaptation strategy based on various perspectives, analyze the characteristics of the media industry, and finally explain why cultural adaptations are such a prevalent strategy in the media business. Cultural adaptations
Impact of Ballroom Dance on Body-Esteem of Middle-Aged Urban Citizens
Authors: Yuan Yuxin , Li Xiaofen
Published: November 2021

Aim: To explore the impact of ballroom dance on the body-esteem of urban middle-aged groups, and to provide references for the promotion of physical and mental health of the group. Method: Middle-aged people who meet the age standard and live in cities were selected as the experimental subjects, and the experimental group was given an 8-week ballroom dance exercise intervention. Result: After a period of ballroom dance intervention, the body-esteem and its various dimensions of the experimental group were significantly improved to varying degrees (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ballroom dance exercises have a significant promotion effect on the urban middle-aged population’s body-esteem and its various dimensional levels, and have an extremely significant promotion effect on the physical state, physical fitness and the level of physical self-worth.
Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reporting: An Evaluation According to the Albanian Users’ Perception
Authors: Gjoni-Karameta Albana , Fejzaj Elona , Mlouk Ahmad , Sila Kristina
Published: November 2021

The last 20 years’ changes in accounting has led to an essential review process of national accounting standards due to the main objective of improving financial reporting information for stakeholders. Financial reporting as a communication tool has become extremely important for appropriate decision making to economic reporting entities and also financial information users such as analysts, creditors, managers, auditors and government agencies in Albania and all over the world. The absence of a generally accepted definition for qualitative financial reporting has created a gap for continuous research on this matter. The main objective of this study is to examine users’ perception of qualitative financial reporting, toward their perceptions of some selected qualitative characteristics of financial statements. This study aims to determine the attitudes of financial statements’ users toward the importance of qualitative characteristics of financial information reported on these published financial statements. The chosen   qualitative characteristics were relevance, faithful representation, comparability, timeliness, verifiability and understandability. An opinion survey was conducted on three hundred external users of financial statements, such as managers, bank officers, financial analysts, government officers and auditors. Each single characteristic has been operationalized using a structured questionnaire, and a five point Likert type scale was used. Selection process of qualitative characteristics of reported financial information will be based on the data taken from conceptual framework of international financial reporting standards published by the International Accounting Standards Board in a continuous process of improving financial reporting. This research examined primary data taken through an opinion survey directed to three hundred daily users of financial statements ‘information, reported by economic entities in Albania. Results of the study show a very strong positive correlation between users ‘perception and qualitative characteristic of faithful representation, a relatively strong positive correlation with relevance, comparability and understandability, and a moderate correlation with timeliness and verifiability. Users of financial reporting in Albania generally have a very positive attitude towards the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting.

 

Received: 3 July 2021 / Accepted: 23 August 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Consequences of the Final Civil Decision in the Criminal Trial Pursuant to the Albanian Legislation
Authors: Skënderaj Klodjan , Tota Naim
Published: November 2021

Judicial jurisdictions are separated; the criminal court has the jurisdiction to adjudicate charges brought by the prosecution, whereas other jurisdictions are exercised by the civil court and the administrative court. Thus, civil cases or in other words disputes between private entities, such as contractual obligations or inheritance issues, etc., are settled by the civil court, while disputes between individuals and public administration fall within the scope of administrative jurisdiction. Therefore, depending on the type of case, in Albania there are courts with separate judicial jurisdictions. However, in quite a few cases we might face cases where the different judicial jurisdictions are interwoven between them, in other words the consequences of a civil trial can affect the criminal trial. This paper will analyze the legal provisions in Albania, how to act in cases of resolving a case with a final civil decision in relation to facts, which are also being adjudicated in the criminal process. This paper will also analyze the role of the final civil decision in the criminal trial. Domestic court practice will be considered in terms of the impact that a civilly resolved case by a final court decision has on a criminal case.

 

Received: 31 May 2021 / Accepted: 31 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
The Role of Social Capital in Handling Covid-19 at the Local Level in Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudi . , Nurmandi Achmad , Salahudin . , Sihidi Iradhad Taqwa
Published: November 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic is a multidimensional problem that requires the government to be adaptive and creative in mobilizing all available resources. It's not just a matter of solutive policies, but more than that, social capital is needed because handling the Covid-19 crisis must involve the cooperation of all parties. This study aims to provide an analysis of how social capital works in handling Covid-19 in Blitar City, Indonesia. The focus is seeing response from Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) and community elements consisting of Covid Task Force, Community Organizations (Ormas), Community / Community Volunteers, RT / RW, and other components in the Blitar City community. This study shows that social capital in Blitar City works well. There is mutual trust and strengthen cooperation between the government and the people to come out of the crisis together. The City Government has succeeded in showing good responsiveness accompanied by coordination and cross-stakeholder communication, increasing trust in the government, and that is the key to public compliance with social mobility restrictions and recommendations for obeying health protocols. Although this compliance is not followed by all people, at least in general social solidarity has been formed which is the main key in handling the Covid-19 crisis.

 

Received: 15 July 2021 / Accepted: 7 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Juvenile Delinquency with its Social and Criminal Dimensions: The Case of Fushe Kosovo
Authors: Morina Mensur Morina , Ali Eren Muhammet , Alidemaj Adrian
Published: November 2021

In the last century, it has been emphasized that children differ from adults and that they should be protected, and many national and international regulations have been made to ensure the rights of children, including children who are delinquents. Despite all the importance given to children, many wars and efforts for their sake, they can be the subject or victim of the crime as adults, or they can be the perpetrators of the crime themselves. For this reason, juvenile delinquency has been a highly debated issue in the legal world due to different worldviews that aim to define its full meaning. Given that the factors affecting juvenile delinquency vary according to conditions and countries, its determination is of great importance. For this reason, the laws that guarantee that the child has the right to life, protection, development and participation aim to provide social justice for all children. This paper presents general insights into the dominant factors influencing juvenile delinquency as well as research using qualitative, statistical and legal-dogmatic methods, which are the main reasons supporting the emergence of juvenile delinquency in the city of Fushe Kosova.

 

Received: 26 July 2021 / Accepted: 26 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Coaching as an Innovative Method of Developing Business Communication Culture
Authors: Nazarenko Halina A. , Fast Olha L. , Medynska Nataliia M. , Grytsenko Svitlana P. , Salata Halyna V.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the problem of developing business communication culture in future specialists. The problem of business communication in modern society is urgent because it is one of the ways of effective professional activity. The nature and content of the coaching method in the modern educational system are revealed. The purpose of determining the impact of coaching on developing a high level of business communication culture is stated. The following research methods were used: literature review, questionnaires, testing, interviews, methods of mathematical data processing and software package for statistical analysis - Statistica. The results of study, which involved academic staff and graduate students, allowed determining that the use of the coaching method in training of students had a positive impact on the level of business communication culture. This is evidenced by the resulting high level of business communication culture at the end of the work in comparison with the initial results. An incoming (initial) diagnostic was conducted on the basis of pre-developed tests, questionnaires and assignments. The final diagnostic was conducted at the end of the research. The advantages and disadvantages of the research (lack of the required time, budget, the need for psychological training of research and teaching staff, as well as post-graduate students) are presented. The comparison of the offered research with similar experiments in Ukraine (Border Guard Academy, Economic University) was carried out for the purpose of the deeper analysis. The limitations that arose during the research are formulated. Promising areas of further research may include studying the impact of coaching on developing business communication culture in combination with other innovative or traditional methods or technologies (mind maps, simulation, etc.).

 

Received: 2 August 2021 / Accepted: 3 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Mitigating Academic Boredom and Increasing Well-Being Among Chinese College Students Based on a Positive Education Approach
Authors: Jie Zheng , Roslan Samsilah , Muhamad Mohd.Mokhtar , Md Khambari Mas Nida , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab
Published: November 2021

Academic boredom is negatively related to students’ academic outcomes like intrinsic motivation. Positive education is dedicated to improving both students’ academic outcomes and wellbeing. In this study, China’s “6+2” positive education model was adopted to develop an intervention program that aimed to reduce academic boredom and improve positive emotions, thought-action repertoires, and intrinsic motivation. Theoretically, this emotion-oriented treatment is expected to cultivate positive emotions to broaden students’ attention scope, widen their thought and action repertoires, facilitate intrinsic motivation and build up enduring psychological resources that help them better cope with negative emotions like academic boredom and trigger upward spirals toward emotional wellbeing. This proposed model fills a research gap in existing interventions and provides new theoretical knowledge in terms of reducing academic boredom and improving academic success as well as wellbeing among Chinese college students. The theoretical framework of this study consisted of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, basic psychological needs theory, and the control-value theory of academic emotions.

 

Received: 11 August 2021 / Accepted: 3 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Fact and Fiction in Autoconfession: A Theoretical Confrontation
Authors: Y. Gashi Agron
Published: November 2021

The formulation of the topic fact and fiction in auto-confession is a result of earlier research in which the greatest theoretical confrontation takes place in the area of autobiographical prose. This paper investigates and explores issues with which contemporary poetics is faced regarding the concepts in question, especially when they coexist within a work concerned either with genre codification or with undefined status (i.e. hybrid genre). Such discussions are often accompanied by great dilemmas on whether auto-confessional texts such as autobiography or autobiographical prose should be considered fact or fiction. Being a fierce confrontation, especially for a genre that is considered a compromising genre in which the facts are weaved according to the fictional practice, this paper proposes that a double reading (fact-fiction) will highlight issues that are essential to interpret and decode a text of autoconfessional premises and, beyond that, a codification of the genre when dilemmas grow and become even larger: in fiction, nonfiction, novel, autobiographical novel, autobiography, etc.

 

Received: 27 January 2021 / Accepted: 2 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Teacher-Education Students’ Stress Experience, Coping Strategies, and Pre-Teaching Performance: A Case in a Public Higher Education Institution in the Province of Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Donguines Iris T. , Deguma Jabin J. , Deguma Melona C. , Capuno Reylan G. , Pinili Lilibeth C. , Pantaleon Anabelle T. , Tandag Jemima N. , Paulo Johanna T. , Paulo Jr. Juanito F. , Arroz Mitchelle D.
Published: November 2021

This paper examined teacher-education students' stress experience and strategies to cope with the demands related to their pre-teaching evaluation performance. It employed a quantitative research design (descriptive-correlation) through the use of two standardized survey questionnaires, the Stress Survey Questionnaire (SSQ) and Student's Coping Scale (SCS), in collecting the needed data for inferential analysis. The respondents of this research were 135 teacher-education students of a public higher education institution in the province of Cebu, Philippines. The respondents were solicited via a purposive random sampling technique. This paper found that most teacher-education students had a very satisfactory performance relative to their pre-teaching performance evaluation. Differing from the existing literature, the respondents experienced a moderate level of stress while fairly utilizing unhealthy means to cope with the demand in school. Results further revealed that the stress experienced by respondents relates to their coping strategies. In contrast, both stress experienced and coping strategies do not relate to the pre-teaching performance of the respondents. Based on the findings and conclusion, this paper proposed an intervention plan for adoption.

 

Received: 10 July 2021 / Accepted: 23 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Psychological Well-being of Mothers with Autistic Children
Authors: Alsa Asmadi , Sovitriana Rila , Ekasari Agustina , Endri Endri
Published: November 2021

Severe stress and depression are common phenomena among mothers of children diagnosed with autism. As a consequence, adequate support becomes necessary in ensuring balanced mental health. Furthermore, religiosity and resilience are key factors influencing psychological well-being development, particularly for mothers, related to self-acceptance, personal development, life goals, understanding of the environment, independence, and positive relationships. Therefore, the objective of this research was to examine the theoretical model of religiosity's effect on psychological well-being with resilience as a mediator for mothers with autistic children in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. The purposive sampling technique was applied to 184 respondents with a psychological scale. Also, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to assess relevant data, using analysis of moment structure (AMOS v.24). The results were reported to successfully and empirically matched the study objectives. These observations showed mothers in this circumstance were expected to intensely develop resilience by religiosity commitment, and therefore, instigating a very significant psychological well-being.

 

Received: 19 July 2021 / Accepted: 13 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Information System Management in Health Institutions of Kosovo: Case Study
Authors: Loku Afrim , Shehu Loku Nadire , Loku Lindita
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The main point in this paper is dedicated to the role and importance of the information system in public institutions with emphasis on health system: system preparation, establishment, implementation, and its application.Objective: The aim of this study is to increase the awareness and importance of health information system in health institutions and management and, to present a concept model of health information system to health institutions in Kosovo.  Results: Presented Health Information System model shows the benefits and the role if implemented. The main aspects this concept takes in consideration is overall network, strategic flexibility and cost-reducing. Conclusion: This study highlights the benefits possible when new electronic health information system is fully integrated in health system of Kosovo. This case study illustrates the importance of developing new health information system that meets the actual challenges of health system, improve the system quality, usage and care quality. 

 

Received: 21 February 2021 / Accepted: 5 August 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Ethnic Conflicts and Internally Displaced Persons in Rumuekpe and Igwuruta Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Edafe Blessing O. , Okoye Kingsley E. , Agbo Paulinus O.
Published: November 2021

The return to democratic dispensation and the surge to acquire political power had led to increase in violence in the Niger Delta region. This assumed different dimension for national issues as competition for scarce resources are being instigated by “inter-elite” rivalries over contradictions of ethnic diversity. These incessant struggles and the competitions had resulted into outright denial of people’s right and privileges as well as displacement of indigene and non indigene in that area. The study contended that the dynamics of internally displaced persons in the Niger Delta region were deeply rooted in the contradictions of ethnic diversity. The study is a documentary research and data were analyzed through qualitative descriptive method. Using human needs theory, the paper noted that, the need for the IDPs to be fully re-integrated into society, and the responsibility of public authorities to avoid neglect, discriminatory practices of marginalization, deprivation as well as the exploitation of the indigene non-indigene issue. It is urgent to meet the social needs of the IDPs, and their recognition and social inclusion into the society in the Rivers state, for peaceful coexistence in assuring freedom for the development of people. The study therefore recommends the following that government should ensure that specific needs of internally displaced persons are reflected in the national and local developmental plan.

 

Received: 15 February 2021 / Accepted: 1 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Online Learning during Corona Virus 2019: Empirical Analysis
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Tariq
Published: November 2021

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) was declared a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on mid of March 2020. Globally, most governments - including Pakistan - approved extraordinary social control measures to stem the tide of this pandemic disease. These actions required social segregation and a temporary suspension of education. As with all other institutions of higher education, public and private universities will also be required to offer distance learning to students by the end of the academic year 2020–2021. Universities of private and public sector, at all levels of higher education, suspended physical classes and implemented online teaching for university students. And, this spontaneous, quick, and uncertain nature of the teaching created difficulties for students. Data on accepted procedures for directing such sudden transitions to university education were scarce, and there was no consensus on the best way to proceed. Students at public and private universities have been impacted by a shift to distance education. Studying students' academic difficulties and the unexpected benefits of distance education, and then using that information to develop strategies that could be used in emergency situations in university education, was the goal of the study.

 

Received: 3 August 2021 / Accepted: 7 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Challenges in Community Participation in Management of Nature Reserves
Authors: Mahlangabeza Luyolo , Zwelakhe Loyiso
Published: November 2021

The management and protection of protected areas such as nature reserves remains a primary concern for the different stakeholders involved especially the marginalised rural communities that are deprived of genuine ownership of the natural resources. Therefore, the representation of the marginalised rural communities adjacent to the protected areas has become significant in the control and utilisation of natural resources in protected areas. Community Property Associations (CPAs) have been tasked with the mandate to ensure community representation in the management of natural resources. However, their participation in the management of natural resources have been questioned and under scrutiny. The aim of this study is to investigate the challenges in communal participation in management of nature reserves. A qualitative research method was used for collecting data. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to collect data from a sample constituting n=10 respondents. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The data from this study revealed that there is limited participation by the CPA members in the management of Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve. The ownership and participation in the management of natural resources by local communities is important in ensuring meaningful development.

 

Received: 21 July 2021 / Accepted: 20 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Spectrum of Microbial Keratitis in the Mid-Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Jyoti , Subedi Santosh , Katuwal Sulaxmi , Sunam Nita , Rasaily Suresh , Sharma Santosh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Microbial keratitis is sight threatening infective keratitis caused by non-viral pathogens like bacteria, fungus or protozoa which may lead to blindness when neglected. It is the most common cause of unilateral corneal blindness which is a major public health concern for developing countries. Incidence of microbial keratitis in Nepal is higher (799/100000 per year) compared to developed countries like United States (11/100000 per year) due to varying epidemiological factors. Early clinical diagnosis, initiation of proper antibiotic therapy, identification of causative microorganism and management of predisposing factors together are necessary for rapid recovery and prevention of severe visual loss. 

Methods: This was a retrospective study of all consecutive patients diagnosed with suspected microbial keratitis and subjected to corneal scrapping in Cornea Department of Rapti Eye Hospital who attended during November 2021 to October 2022. The major outcome measures studied were predisposing factors, microbial spectrum, antibiotic sensitivity, treatment outcomes and surgical interventions required.

Results: A total of 68 eyes of 68 cases diagnosed with microbial keratitis and subjected to corneal scrapping were enrolled in the study. Mean age of the study participants was 49.6 ± 19.6 years and male to female ratio was 1.96:1. Ocular trauma was the most common predisposing factor (48.5% of cases) followed by use of steroid. Culture was positive in 36.8% of cases of which bacterial isolates were more common than fungal isolates. Streptococcus pneumoniae (37%) and Fusarium species (44.44%) were most common organisms among the bacterial and fungal isolates respectively. 

Conclusions: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Fusarium species are the most common bacterial and fungal species causing microbial keratitis in the mid-western region of Nepal with ocular trauma being the commonest predisposing factor. Cefazolin and fluoroquinolones are most effective antibiotics for Gram positive and Gram negative organisms.
A Characteristic Polynomial for the Transition Probability Matrix of Correlated Random Walks on a Graph
Authors: Komatsu Takashi , Konno Norio , Sato Iwao
Published: November 2021

We define a correlated random walk (CRW) induced from the time evolution matrix (the Grover matrix) of the Grover walk on a graph $G$, and present a formula for the characteristic polynomial of the transition probability matrix of this CRW by using a determinant expression for the generalized weighted zeta function of $G$. As an application, we give the spectrum of the transition probability matrices for the CRWs induced from the Grover matrices of regular graphs and semiregular bipartite graphs. Furthermore, we consider another type of the CRW on a graph.
Principal Specialization of Dual Characters of Flagged Weyl Modules
Authors: Mészáros Karola , St. Dizier Avery , Tanjaya Arthur
Published: November 2021

Schur polynomials are special cases of Schubert polynomials, which in turn are special cases of dual characters of flagged Weyl modules. The principal specialization of Schur and Schubert polynomials has a long history, with Macdonald famously expressing the principal specialization of any Schubert polynomial in terms of reduced words. We prove a lower bound on the principal specialization of dual characters of flagged Weyl modules. Our result yields an alternative proof of a conjecture of Stanley about  the principal specialization of Schubert polynomials, originally proved by Weigandt.
Improved Packings of $n(n − 1)$ Unit Squares in a Square
Authors: Arslanov M. Z. , Mustafin S.A. , Shangitbayev Z.K.
Published: November 2021

Let $s(n)$ be the side of the smallest square into which we can pack $n$ unit squares. The purpose of this paper is to prove that $s(n^2-n)<n$ for all $n\geq 12$. Besides, we show that $s(18^2-17) < 18, s(17^2-16) < 17,$ and $s(16^2-15) < 16.$
CERAMIC STAMPS FROM VILINO (RASSADNOE) — IN PERIODIZATION AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE SITE (SOUTH-WESTERN CRIMEA)
Authors: Medvedev G. V.
Published: November 2021

This paper is devoted to the publication of amphora stamps discovered during excavation at the settlement of Vilino (Rassadnoe) in 2008—2014.

During the research of the settlement the eastern border of the ancient estate and the main chronological framework of the settlement life were ascertained. The stone monumental structure was discovered in 2008. This is the cistern for collecting and storage of rainwater. In the Late Scythian time it was used as a burial structure (crypt).

Ceramic stamps found at the site are represented by such centers as Sinopa, Chersonesos, Rhodes. Unfortunately not all of them were discovered in the cultural layers (in situ) and some were found in disturbed layers, at the surface or in the looter’s holes. Nevertheless, with a lesser or greater degree of probability, it’s possible to correlate them with the chronology of the settlement and periods of its life.

On the excavated areas of the site four building periods (A—D) were observed — two Classic and two Late Scythian. The first period is associated with the time of activity of the Greek fortified estate (Chersonesos Сhora) from the last quarter of the 4th to the early 3rd century BC. In the second period, after a break, the population has come back to the settlement in the last quarter of the 3rd century BC. There was the period of recolonization during which the restructuring of the settlement has carried out. At the end of the first quarter of the 2nd century BC the life at the settlement was stopped. The next two periods correspond to the Late Scythian culture. However, the layers and building remains of the late 2nd century BC — 1st century AD was destroyed by plowing and looter’s holes. The upper horizon of the settlement contains the material from the 1st—3rd centuries AD.

The stamps and other archaeological material are important chronological indicators of the archaeological site in the system of the Chora of Chersonesos and in the whole Western Crimea.
GRAFFITI FROM THE WESTERN OUTSKIRTS OF OLBIA PONTICA
Authors: Rusiaieva A. S. , Kuzmishchev A. G. , Fornasier J.
Published: November 2021

This paper is preliminary review of a small collection of graffiti from the latest excavations on the western outskirts of Olbia Pontica (the so-called «suburbs») in 2015—2020, and their introduction into scientific circulation.

The excavations were conducted by the Olbia International Archaeological Expedition led by A. V. Bujskikh as the part of Ukrainian-German multidisciplinary project (co-directors A. V. Bujskikh and J. Fornasier). The researches on the suburbs were headed by A. G. Kuzmischev and J. Fornasier. Over six years of research in various cultural strata and in the fillings of half-dugouts, pits and other objects more than 50 graffiti have been found, inscribed mainly on the fragments of Attic black-lacquered tableware of the 5th—4th centuries BC. Emphasis is placed on determining the main types of inscriptions and their features. Regardless of the year and location of discovery they are divided into five groups: A. Abbreviated anthroponyms or individual words; B. Initials of proper names or one-letter marks; C. Graffiti on treated ostracons; D. Various digital signs and records; E. Graffiti of unclear meaning. The collection under study significantly supplemented the source base of the small epigraphy of the Olbia polis. However, no original, rare and to some extent important informative inscriptions which were recorded in temenos, residential neighborhoods, in some settlements and in Borisfen have been found yet here. In addition the damage of many graffiti makes impossible to interpret them reliably. In no one case we could identify reliably the inscriptions dedicated to any deities. Instead, the large number of abbreviated names and initials of the owners of dishes coincides with a significant import of Attic black-lacquered ceramics in the life of the inhabitants of the suburbs in the 5th—4th centuries BC. Despite the relatively limited number, processed ostracons have replenished this category of Olbia votive finds by the original graffiti of magical significance. At the same time, the fact that in general in the suburbs is a lot of graffiti with digital markings which are most often attributed to traders, deserves special attention. Of course, in the future, all the graffiti from the suburbs need a more detailed visual study both as the fragments of ceramics and their exact professional sketches, and comparative analysis of this type of inscriptions from many ancient Greek sites.
THE SHIP WRECK OF THE LATE 4th / EARLY 3rd CENTURY BC NEAR KINBURN SPIT
Authors: Gerasimov V. Ye. , Reida R. M. , Smyrnov O. I. , Prejs P. , Loizou E.
Published: November 2021

During the campaign of 2018 the international underwater archaeological expedition has explored the waters of Tendra Spit and Kinburn Spit on the shelf of the Black Sea, in Mykolaiv and Kherson regions of Ukraine. Underwater archaeological exploration focused on the waters near the northern tip of Tendra Spit, from both the Gulf of Tendra and the sea, and north-western tip of Kinburn Spit. In addition to the visual reconnaissance, divers were using sonar, profiler and side-scan sonar. As a result, the bathymetric map has been compiled. In the initial part of research the work was limited to mapping and taking photographs of the discoveries. During these works was discovered and cleansed the ancient Shipwreck of the late 4th — early 3rd century BC. It was possible to identify the well-preserved fragment of the hull of ancient Wreck of a length of 9.45 m in situ with ballast stones, ceramic material from the cargo, lead plating and him constructions elements. After clearing of the sand from the preserved part of the ship hull with the help of a hydro injector the video and photo documentation was carried out. As a result of these works, large-scale photo mosaic of the object and its 3D-model were made. The condition of the wooden hull is excellent, the technological holes, connections, bronze and iron nails are preserved.

Outside of Ukraine several shipwrecks of the same period are attested. The best studied are the following: shipwreck of the 3rd century BC at Grand Congloue, France; the Mazotos shipwreck of the 4th century BC in Cyprus; the Porticello shipwreck of the end of the 5th or beginning of the 4th century BC in Italy; the Alonnisos shipwreck from the end of the 5th century BC, Greece; the Kyrenia shipwreck from the end of the 4th — beginning of the 3rd centuries BC in Cyprus. In the Black Sea, in 2011 a shipwreck from the end of the 4th — beginning of the 3rd centuries BC near Eregli, Turkey (ancient Herakleia Pontica) was discovered by a deep-sea expedition of the research vessel «Nautilus» under the direction of Michael Brennan at a depth of 101 m. Most of the known merchant ships of this period were small, ranging from 12 to 17 m (table). Boris Peters provides a reconstruction sketch of the Lake Donuzlav ship of the late 4th — early 3rd centuries BC. It is almost identical to the reconstruction of the Kyrenia merchant ship, based on its hull which was preserved by 75 %, The replica named «Kyrenia 2» was built and made several voyages. It can be assumed that the Kinburn Spit ship found in 2018 was of similar appearance but further research will provide more detailed information.
DECORATIONS FROM SHELLS IN THE ADORNMENTS OF EARLY MEDIEVAL SLAVS
Authors: Volodarets-Urbanovіch Ya. V.
Published: November 2021

The pendant from Luka-Kavetchyna, dwelling 25 (fig. 2: 1; 3) is the earliest find from the Slavs sites da­ting to the second quarter — the end of the 5th century. The adornment was made of a shell of the genus Murex and is the «legacy» from the Cherniakhіv culture. In the area of that culture are known the pendants made of shells of this genus (type 2 by O. Hopkalo).

The pendants from shells appear in use of the Slavs since the second half of the 6th century. Their varieties were used until the first half of the 8th century, although the assemblages and finds with them are few (table 1; fig. 1; 14). In the Slavic assemblages the shells of mollusks of the following species were occurred: Cypraea moneta, C. pantherina, C. tigris, C. arabica. The items from Murex shells are also known. The height of Cypraea moneta is a little more than 2 cm. Other species of shells are larger reaching the height ca. 7—8 cm.

The assemblages of the Martinіvka circle include Khatski (fig. 4: A) and Khittsі ones. The grave from Mokhnach belongs to the same antiquities (fig. 2: 2; 5—7). The jewellery by Martynivka circle are dated back to the second half of the 6th century, and the hoards were hidden in the middle — the third quarter of the 7th century. The Pastyrsky circle hoards include the assemblages from Zaitsevo (fig. 4: B) and Kharіvka (fig. 8—10). The hoards by Pastyrsky circle were hidden in the first half of 8th century.

The appearance of the pendants from shells is related to the general trend of the spread of Cypraea moneta in Eastern Europe in the early Middle Ages. They are known in the Caucasus, Crimea, the Seversky Donets basin (fig. 11). Cypraea moneta shells were used as pendants in necklaces as evidenced by finds from the Luchiste burial ground from Crimea. The use of other types of shells remains unclear. However, they were probably parts of necklaces or amulets.
SARMATIAN BURIALS EXCAVATED BY DMYTRO BEREZOVETS AT THE LOWER DNIEPER BASIN
Authors: Symonenko A. V.
Published: November 2021

During the campaigns of 1951 and 1953 Dmytro Berezovets excavated the Sarmatian graves near the Kut, Hrushivka and Marianske villages of Apostolovski district of Dnipropetrovsk region. These materials were published briefly, without typological and chronological definitions and analysis of the historical context, with illustrations of rather low quality. Moreover, there was some confusion and errors later made by some researchers, including the author, which have been replicated with each reference. Therefore, it is worthy to republish these materials from the standpoint of the current level of the Sarmatian studies in order to correct certain errors as well.

Dmytro Berezovets has discovered the assemblages both of Early Sarmatian (Kut, Hrushivka, Maryanske, barrow 3, grave 4) and Middle Sarmatian Age (Marianske, barroow 5, graves 5—7; barrow 5, grave 6; barrow 6, grave 14) according to traditional chronology. All Sarmatian burials under study were the secondary graves in the Bronze Age mounds and Scythian ones. The skeletons lied supine, with their heads directed to Northern sector. Among the grave goods are the Roman and Sarmatiam pottery, simple bronze adornment, cornelian, jade and glass beads, bronze mirror, bone ritual spoon etc. The Early Sarmatian assemblages discovered by Dmytro Berezovets are dated to the late 2nd—1st century BC, the Middle Sarmatiam ones to the 1st—2nd centuries AD. The identical funeral rite of the graves of different date near Marianske once again confirms the validity of the periodization proposed by me in due time, according to which all the graves under study belong to different phases of the first period (phase A2 — Kut, Hrushivka, Marianske, barrow 3, grave 4; phase B — Marianske, barrow 3, graves 5—7; barrow 5, grave 6; barrow 6, grave 14).