bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design waterwheel of hydropower on outfall condenser sebalang power plant
Authors: A. Fadhil Fairuzi  , Indrayani  , Fatahul Arifin
Published: July 2024

The utilization of residual energy in the electricity sector within conventional power plant environments such as Coal-Fired Power Plant remains suboptimal. Sebalang powerplant located in Sebalang hamlet, Tarahan village, Katibung district, South Lampung, with a power capacity of 2 x 100 MW employs coal as fuel and seawater as a media to generate steam and as a coolant in the powerplant cycle. The condenser cooling system at Sebalang powerplant operates on an open cycle, where seawater taken from the intake enters the condenser to cool and condense steam, then exits through the outfall and returns to the sea. The discharge flow of residual condenser cooling water through the outfall is 1.18 m3/s and currently remains unutilized. With a head of 1.5 meters, this potential can be converted into electrical energy, generating a power potential of 10.4 kW. The power output from this Micro Hydro Power Plant Waterwheel design can be utilized to supply the internal electricity needs of the power plant unit, thereby reducing operational unit self-consumption
Optimizing neurological treatments with nasal drug delivery systems
Authors: Boddu Navya  , Syeda Nishat Fathima
Published: July 2024

The treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system disorders is challenging due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts the penetration of therapeutic molecules to the brain. Nasal Drug delivery system leverages the unique anatomy of the nasal cavity, allowing for direct access to the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. This, combined with hepatic metabolism and drug elimination, reduces treatment efficacy, requires high doses, and often induces side effects. Nose-to-brain drug delivery bypasses the BBB, increasing drug concentration in the brain. The present review highlights the Mechanisms of Nasal Drug Delivery to the Brain, Advantages and disadvantages of Nasal Drug Delivery to the Brain, Nasal Drug Delivery Devices and recent studies on nose-to-brain drug delivery
ANALISIS PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PRODUK KITCHEN SET DAN JENDELA MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEAN MANUFACTURING
Authors: Putra Ade Sulistiya
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The kitchen set and windows are products from UD MOELJAY. The kitchen set is a product that uses aluminum and glass. During the production process, the kitchen set had 2 defects, namely the glass broke when cutting and the product could not be installed. Windows are also one of the products from UD MOELJAY which uses wood and glass materials. The window has 2 defects, namely the glass broke when cutting and the product could not be installed. The existence of these defects indicates that there is waste in the production process. Therefore, this research was conducted to solve problems using the Lean Manufacturing method. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is used to describe the flow of the production process and information that occurs in the production process. Based on the results of the VSM analysis and proposed corrective actions, it is known that there has been an increase in time efficiency in the process of working on kitchen sets and windows. In the kitchen set work process, the Cycle Time efficiency was 53.56% or 142.65 minutes and the lead time efficiency was 62.88% or 152.85 minutes. Meanwhile, in the window work process, the Cycle Time efficiency was 66.40% or 103.31 minutes and the lead time efficiency was 75.61% or 103.32 minutes.
USULAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM ANTREAN PADA KASIR SWALAYAN SARIKAT JAYA GRESIK DENGAN METODE SIMULASI
Authors: Y Sukma Dwi
Published: July 2024

Toko Sarikat Jaya merupakan layanan retail yang menjual berbagai kebutuhan sehari-hari. Karena minimarket bergerak di bidang jasa maka harus dapat melayani pelanggan dengan cepat, pelanggan tidak boleh menunggu lama dan terutama tidak terjadi antrian yang panjang. Antreannya panjang saat mesin kasir buka tergantung waktu, seperti sepulang kerja atau malam hari. Dalam pekerjaan ini, kami menggunakan simulasi untuk memecahkan masalah antrian yang sebenarnya. Model saran yang dihasilkan terdiri dari model existing (ada) dan model yang disarankan. Dari beberapa model sekenario perbaikan yang dibuat mendapatkan sebuah hasil yang berbeda-beda. Untuk model sekenario menghasilkan perhitungan skenario 1 µ1µ2 ≤ 1.007931 ≤ 1.392069, lalu model skenario 2 µ1µ2 ≤ -1.04139 ≤ 0.341386 dan model skenario prbaikan ke -0.90089 ≤  µ1µ2  ≤  0.400894, maka dapat disimpulkan skenario 3 untuk H0 diterima karena 0 berada di rentang confidenc interval, jadi skenario yang terpilih adalah skenario 3.
ANALISA SERVIS MOTOR DI DEALER XYZ DENGAN SIMULASI ARENA
Authors: Wahyudi Achmad Agung
Published: July 2024

Perusahaan yang selalu menjaga kualitas adalah perusahaan yang baik. Tingkat pelayanan yang diberikan kepada pelanggan dapat dijadikan ukuran kualitas perusahaan. Panjang dan panjang antrian adalah indikator layanan berkualitas tinggi., Dealer Motor XYZ , merupakan salah satu bisnis yang selalu berusaha untuk mempertahankan tingkat pelayanan yang tinggi dengan memperhatikan barisan pelanggan. Dealer motor XYZ memiliki empat backlift, namun hanya tiga yang aktif. Kondisi di penjualalan Dealer XYZ bervariasi, jika ramai antreannya mencapai 6-12 antrean. Tidak ada antrean saat sepi, namun banyak karyawan yang kemudian menganggur. Pelanggan service motor di Dealer Motor XYZ bersifat infinite (populasi tidak terbatas), panjang antrian juga tidak terbatas, dan pola kedatangan pelanggan berdistribusi Lognormal, customer service berdistribusi Uniform, Triangular semuanya berdasarkan temuan penelitian yang telah dilakukan. dilakukan di bagian service bengkel. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan prosedur analisa software Arena untuk sampai pada skenario yang ideal. Skenario yang ideal adalah sebagai berikut: berdasarkan pengurangan waktu tunggu di setiap antrian server dan total waktu pelanggan sebesar 1,47 dan berkurangnya waktu tunggu dalam antrian pada masing – masing server, diusulkan skenario 1 (penambahan satu server) Pemanfaatan server 1 (0,95), 2 (0,88), 3 (0,79), 4 (0,75).
PENGENDALIAN KECEPATAN MOTOR INDUKSI 3 FASA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN INVERTER ACS-580
Authors: Huda Miftahul , Irawan Denny , Fahlevi Rezza Agung
Published: July 2024

Efisiensi dan optimalisasi proses sangat penting untuk daya saing dan profitabilitas perusahaan dalam lingkungan bisnis yang serba cepat saat ini di era kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, khususnya di sektor industri. Pemahaman mendalam tentang teknologi ini sangat penting bagi insinyur dan praktisi industri agar dapat mengoptimalkan performa sistem produksi dan operasional mereka.Pengendalian kecepatan motor induksi 3 fasa menggunakan inverter ACS-580 merupakan metode efektif untuk meningkatkan pengendalian yang baik dalam industri. Kita sering menjumpai motor listrik pada dunia industri adalah motor induksi 3 fasa, hal ini karena motor induksi memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan jenis motor lain, diantaranya memiliki efisiensi yang relatif tinggi, konstrusi yang sederhana dan kuat, serta mudah dan murah dalam perawatannya. Salah satu kelemahan dari motor induksi adalah mengatur kecepatan putaran motor. Kecepatan putaran motor induksi dapat diubah dengan cara mengubah frekuensi dengan menggunakan inverter ACS-580. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perubahan frekuensi terhadap kecepatan putaran motor induksi 3 fasa menggunakan inverter. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perubahan frekuensi pada inverter dapat menyebabkan perubahan kecepatan putaran motor induksi 3 fasa. Dari hasil penelitihanini diperoleh frekuensi 10 Hz makah kecepatan putaran motor induksi sebesar 299,9 Rpm sedangkan dengan menggunakan rumus diperoleh 300 Rpm, pada pengujian kedua pada inverter disetting 15 Hz makah kecepatan yang awalnya 299,9 Rpm akan berubah dan naik menjadi 441,1 Rpm jika dengan menggunakan rumus diperoleh kecepatan putaran 450 Rpm, begitu seterusnya hinggah pengujian terakhir  frekuensi disetting 50 Hz kecepatan akan berubah naik menjadi 1440 Rpm
Discursos sobre a reforma trabalhista em livros didáticos do Novo Ensino Médio
Authors: Brito Élida Karla Alves de , Silva Francisco Vieira da
Published: July 2024

Esta pesquisa irrompe no cenário reformista que marca o Brasil durante o governo de Michel Temer, de modo específico, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar discursos sobre a Reforma Trabalhista implementada pela Lei n. º 13.467 de 2017. As postulações reformistas promovem drásticas mudanças no cenário laboral através de uma flexibilização total das relações de trabalho. Para tanto, analisamos, a partir do arcabouço foucaultiano, dizeres presentes nos livros didáticos que tratam do tema trabalho e compõem a área de Ciências Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, aprovadas pelo Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático, edição de 2021, em conformidade com a Reforma do Novo Ensino Médio (Lei n.º 13.415/2017) e com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular do Ensino Médio de 2018. A metodologia segue um viés descritivo-interpretativo de natureza qualitativa. A análise de trechos extraídos de cinco livros didáticos possibilita problematizar como a reforma trabalhista é discursivamente apresentada para atender às demandas neoliberais. Isso implica na pressuposição de trabalhadores flexíveis, capazes de desenvolver competências e habilidades que os adaptem a um ambiente de trabalho caracterizado pela insegurança, desregulamentação e vulnerabilidade. Essas condições se estendem às bases educacionais, moldando-as para operar dentro de uma lógica governamental neoliberal que orienta o comportamento do sujeito.
Al-Ittijāh al-Adabī al-Ijtimāʻī dalam Tafsir Al-Quran Penghambat Moderasi Beragama: Studi Analisis Tafsir Keindonesiaan
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad
Published: July 2024

This article aims to reveal al-Ittijāh al-Adabī al-Ijtimāʻī in the interpretation of the Quran in Indonesia which ultimately leads to Ittijāh this interpretation is very contrary to the principle of religious moderation from the perspective of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. In principle, the researchers agreed that the interpretation of Indonesianis both pre- and post-Independence was more dominated by this ittijāh model. However, what is unfortunate about applying this method is that it tends to be Islamic Indonesia, not Indonesianized Islam. This is since Indonesian interpreters are more inclined to understand the improvement of local culture which is directed at the Qur'an. Because it is practiced this way, then it can be ascertained that al-Ittijāh al-Adabī al-Ijtimāʻī in the Indonesian interpretation is contrary to the four indicators of religious moderation of the Ministry of Religion. In fact, if al-Ittijāh al-Adabī al-Ijtimāʻī is defined and practiced in a different way, it can lead to a more flexible, accommodative, and not rigid interpretation of the Qur'an. To track all of that, this article uses the library method which is sourced from commentary books, Al-Qur'an science, and related journals. Furthermore, to draw conclusions using analysis-critical analysis. in this article uses the library method which is sourced from commentary books, Al-Qur'an science, and related journals. Furthermore, to draw conclusions using analysis-critical analysis. in this article uses the library method which is sourced from tafsir books, Al-Qur'an science, and related journals. Furthermore, to draw conclusions using analysis-critical analysis.
ADIYAMAN YÖRESİ AĞIZLARINDAKİ ATASÖZLERİNE KATKILAR
Authors: Deniz Sunay
Published: July 2024

Atasözleri, milletin yüzyıllarca süren hayat tecrübelerine dayanan değer yargılarını dile getiren kültürel miraslardır. Başlangıçta sözlü olarak yaygınlaşan, yazının kullanılmaya başlamasıyla da bir kısmı yazılı metinlerde yer alan ve milletin tecrübelere dayalı değer yargılarını özlü şekilde ifade eden kalıplaşmış sözlerdir. Uzun ve köklü bir geçmişe sahip olan, ilk çıkış yeri ve kaynağı tam olarak bilinmeyen atasözleri, Türk dilinin söz varlığında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bir milletin dünden bugüne her konudaki deneyimlerini, bakış açısını, düşünüş ve yaşayış şeklini, olayları algılayıp değerlendirerek dile getirme biçimini yansıtan kıymetli dil verileridir. Atasözleri daha çok sözlü kültüre dayandıkları için ağızlarda ortaya çıkıp yaygınlaşmakta ve dilden dile söylenerek şekillenmektedir. Derleme yaptığımız Adıyaman ili Gölbaşı ilçesi Yukarı Çöplü köyünde pek çok konuda söylenmiş ve kayda geçmeyi bekleyen birbirinden ilginç atasözleri mevcuttur.
Bu çalışmada, Adıyaman ilinin Gölbaşı ilçesi Yukarı Çöplü köyünde yaşları 70-90 aralığında ikisi hiç okuma yazma bilmeyen diğerleri ise ilkokulu dışardan bitirmiş köy sakinleriyle görüşülmüş ve ilgili çalışmalarda aynı şekilde yer almayan 30 atasözü kayda geçirilmiştir. Kayda geçirdiğimiz atasözlerinin karşısına hangi durumlar için kullanıldıkları, anlamları ve varsa bazı sözcüklerdeki yazı dilinden farklı ses özellikleri de verilmiştir. Anlamı bilinmeyen sözcükler de kaynaklar verilerek tanıklanmıştır.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE LATE BRONZE AGE – EARLY IRON AGE SETTLEMENTS ON THE LEFT BANK OF THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE VORSKLA RIVER IN 2023
Authors: Шапорда Олег ,   Комунальна установа «Історико-культурний заповідника «Більськ» Полтавської обласної ради, Буйнов Юрій , Пеляшенко Костянтин ,   Харківський національний університет імені В. Н. Каразіна,   Комунальна установа «Історико-культурний заповідника «Більськ» Полтавської обласної ради
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of research conducted by the expedition of the Historical and Cultural Reserve "Bilsk" at archaeological sites along the left bank of the Vorskla River in 2023 (Kotelva territorial community, Poltava district, Poltava region). The work was carried out as part of a scholarship program from the Deutsche Archaeological Institute. The purpose of this article is to highlight information about the research of the monuments of the end of the Bronze Age-Early Iron Age on the left bank of the middle course of the Vorskli River in 2023. It was found out that the cultural layerings recorded during exploration along the left bank of the Vorskla are newly discovered settlements. Information about them is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The publication pays special attention to the settlement of Staryi Karier, whose cultural layers date back to the end of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. Several finds of the post-Mongolian period and the Modern era were also discovered on the territory of the settlement. An important aspect of the research is the analysis of the coexistence and interpenetration of two archaeological cultures of the final stage of the Bronze Age – Lebedivka and Bondarykha. A small excavation was also made at the Kotelva II settlement. It was a relative surprise for the researchers to discover cultural layers of the Late Roman period belonging to the Cherniakhiv culture. This moment opens up some new perspectives for further research of this settlement, in particular, along the terrace's supra-slope of the Vorskla River. Exploration work along the left bank of the Vorskla River also yielded good results. In particular, it was possible to identify a settlement of the Babyno culture and several small settlements of the Bronze Age.
التوزيع المكاني لمحاضري المدارس الثانوية في اقضية محافظة واسط
Authors: صباح وهب عبد الله أ.م.د.
Published: July 2024

تناولت الدراسة فئة المحاضرين في المدارس الثانوية و كان لها الدور الكبير خلال  السبع سنوات الماضية والعمل بالمجان في تقديم أفضل ما لديهم من خبرة في تأدية خدمة للمجتمع الذين يعيشون فيه ألا وهي التدريس بالمجان، ومن المواضيع الهامة إذ ان الانسان بطبيعته يتأمل وينظرالى وضوح مستقبله لأنه يطمح الى اشباع حاجاته الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، والتطلع الى المستقبل في تحقيق حاجاته ورغباته من خلال حصوله على التعيين على الملاك الدائم  مما يضمن له حقه في سلك التدريس، فبعد أن يقضي المحاضرين العاملين  في المدارس وقتاً طويلاً  يحـالون  إلى التثبيت أو يطلبون  ذلك بنفسهم ويبدأ بممارسة حياتهم الاجتماعية، لتحقيق طموحاتهم واهدافهم واحلامهم المستقبلية ، وقد أجري البحث  على عينة من المحاضرين في المدارس الثانوية في اقضية محافظة واسط للعام  الدراسي 2019-2020م .
Gravitational Decoherence: A Proposed Universal Mechanism for the Quantum-to-Classical Transition
Authors: Nye Logan
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of gravitational decoherence as a fundamental mechanism underlying the quantum-to-classical transition. We propose that intrinsic fluctuations in spacetime induce decoherence in quantum systems, providing a universal explanation for the emergence of classical behavior. Our model predicts a decoherence rate that scales with mass and superposition size, becoming significant for macroscopic objects. We derive this rate from first principles and compare it with other decoherence processes, demonstrating its universality. The implications of this model extend to quantum foundations, cosmology, and quantum technologies, potentially resolving long-standing puzzles such as the measurement problem and the origin of cosmic structure. We propose experimental tests, including space-based interferometry, and discuss fundamental limits on quantum technologies. Furthermore, we explore connections with other quantum gravity phenomena, pointing towards a deeper understanding of spacetime as an emergent phenomenon. This work provides a unifying framework for understanding the interface between quantum mechanics and gravity, potentially paving the way for a full theory of quantum gravity.
Adding binary search connections to improve DenseNet performance
Authors: Kumar Ravin
Published: July 2024

Convolutional neural networks have significantly improved the field of computer vision. Most of the standard deep learning models for vision are based on convolutional neural networks. One such model is DenseNet, which is well known for providing comparable results to ResNet with fewer trainable variables. This paper proposes a mechanism to improve the performance of DenseNet architecture. We have compared our proposed approach with the original DenseNet architecture on CIFAR100 dataset. Effects of applying dropout mechanism with our proposed mechanism is also studied on DenseNet model and the obtained results showed that our approach helps DenseNet to significantly improve the performance and helping the model to learn faster. Even in situations where original DenseNet-121 would have overfit, our mechanism helped DenseNet-121 to keep improving the accuracy without overfitting on the dataset assuring better accuracy on testing data.
Michelson's analysis with errors, in his 1881/87 experiment and in the two swimmers contest; Necessity of correcting college textbooks
Authors: Has Ioan , Miclaus Simona , Has Aurelian
Published: July 2024

In Paper are highlighted our discovery from 2000 of two Errors 1 and 2 (ERM81/87) committed by Michelson in the analysis of his experiments ME81/87. This topic of ERM81/87 has also been addressed in series of other previous articles by the authors. ERM81/87 consisted of assuming the transverse path of light ray 2 or of SW2 swimmer, to be an isosceles triangle (Error 1) inclined with angle β’ in referential frame (RF) ether/water (E/W), or a double orthogonal path (in RF device/bank (D/B)), and thus calculating the wrong result, t2 0, (Error 2), stating SW2 wins the contest.In Paper, ERM81/87 it is proven firstly, by Demonstration 1, based on logical reasoning, starting from the non-observance in Michelson's analysis, of the rules of correctness and of fair play, in the development of the contest of the two swimmers (TSC). So resulted that correct transversal path is a right triangle, with t2=t1 (in RF, E/W), and the correct contest result is a draw.Demonstration 2 consists, in correction of SW2 route, resulting under fair play conditions, for transversal path, a right triangle with hypotenuse inclined at angle 2β (in RF, E/W) and t2=t1 or Δt=0, with the contest result in a tie. Demonstration 3 is based on a new Generalised Case (GC) of the TSC in which the orientation of the starting path of SW1 can be inclined at any angle α, when always one obtains, t1 = t2, which must be the correct result. Are provided also evidences, showing that Michelson designed his interferometer based on an analogy with TSC, Michelson considering the SW2 winner. Is provided evidence that in 1892, Lorenz expressed doubts about the correctness of Michelson's analysis of ME81/87, but without finding errors.It is shown in Paper, that an initial error (ERM81) was committed by Michelson in ME81analysis, by erroneously superposing paths for SW2 (in RF, D/B), and in incorrect calculations of t2 and Δt, obtaining t2
On the “subclades” of Fusobacterium animalis and colorectal cancer
Authors: Kommedal Øyvind
Published: July 2024

There is a well-documented association between Fusobacterium animalis and colorectal cancer in humans. In their recent paper “A distinct Fusobacterium nucleatum clade dominates the colorectal cancer niche”, Zepeda-Rivera and co-authors claim that F. animalis contains two distinct “subclades”, and that only one of these are associated with colorectal cancer whereas the other is associated with the oral cavity. By re-assessment of their data, it is clear that this hypothesis is based on a wrongful interpretation of phylogenetic data. The “subclade” associated with colorectal cancer represents F. animalis as already known, whereas the “subclade” not associated with colorectal cancer represents the recently described species Fusobacterium watanabei.
Unexpected Inspiration: Reflections on Psychiatry from an Aspiring Oncologist
Authors: Aifuwa Esewi
Published: July 2024

A medical student narrates transformative experiences in psychiatry and oncology rotations, emphasizing the importance of compassion and non-medical support in patient care. The encounters reshaped their perspective on effective, empathetic clinical practice.This story is based on real patient experiences; however, all identifying information has been removed or altered to ensure privacy and confidentiality.
Automatic Morphological Processing in Middle School Students With and Without Word Reading Difficulties
Authors: Zimmermann Leah , Rodgers Derek , McMurray Bob
Published: July 2024

Morphological processing is the use of morphological structure during word reading. This study investigated whether middle school students applied morphological structure automatically when reading words. In addition, this study asked whether students with word reading difficulties (WRD) applied morphological structure in a way that differed from proficient word readers. Participants were seventh- and eighth-grade students (n = 80). Students were divided into two reading ability groups: proficient word readers (n = 55) and student with word reading difficulties (n = 25). Four computer-administered experimental tasks measured automaticity in reading morphologically complex words and morphologically simple words. A backward masking measure assessed whether students were applying morphological structure automatically to support task accuracy. Students were significantly more accurate in masked performance with morphologically complex words than with morphologically simple words on an oral word reading task. Students with WRD benefitted more from morphological structure on this task than proficient readers. Findings suggested that proficient word readers and students with WRD automatically apply morphological structure when reading words aloud. In addition, middle school students with WRD may rely more on morphological structure than their proficient peers. However, there were differences in morphological processing based on the nature of the word reading task.
Bioassay Protocol Metadata Annotation: Proposed Standards Adoption
Authors: Makarov Vladimir , Balakrishnan Rama , Berg Ellen L. , Butler Chris , Clark Alex M. , Denker Sheryl P. , Feierberg Isabella , Harris Jason , Ikeda Timothy , Jeschonek Samantha , Southan Christopher , Vanderwall Dana , Winstanley Peter
Published: July 2024

We present a standardized metadata template for assays used in pharmaceutical drug discovery research, according to the FAIR principles. We also describe the use of an automated tool for annotating assays from a variety of sources, including PubChem, commercial assay providers, and the peer-reviewed literature, to this metadata template. Adoption of a standardized metadata template will allow drug discovery scientists to better understand and compare the increasing amounts of assay data becoming available, and will facilitate the use of artificial intelligence tools and other computational methods for analysis and prediction. Since bioassays drive advances in biomedical research, improvements in assay metadata can improve productivity in discovery of new therapeutics, platform technologies, and assay methods.
Do low-cost public transport tickets affect air pollution? Study case of the 9-euro-ticket in Germany
Authors: Cuesta-Mosquera Andrea , Guenthner Lukas , Masson Torsten , Hamann Karen R.S. , Lipken Friederike , Bamberg Sebastian , Quaas Martin , Fritsche Immo , Pöhlker Mira
Published: July 2024

Low-cost public transport tickets (LCTT) are becoming common offers to promote sustainable transportation, alleviate inflation, and improve public transport (PT) accessibility in urban areas. However, little research is available to quantify and understand the environmental and behavioral effects of the implementation of such tickets. In this comprehensive and interdisciplinary study, we sought to investigate and quantify the impacts of implementing the 9-euro ticket on air quality (AQ) in Leipzig and individual mobility behavior in Germany. The ticket was available during the summer of 2022, allowing commuters to use PT and regional trains at a low cost. The investigation encompassed the evaluation of long-term (measured and weather-normalized) AQ time series from multiple monitoring stations, traffic count data, and anonymized mobility data from the mobile network. In addition, we performed a psychological assessment through surveys to measure behavioral intentions to use PT, collective action intentions to support sustainable mobility, and support for tax-funded LCTT. Overall, we found no evidence of significant impacts on urban AQ at a city level. These results were supported by the psychological assessment that reflected the ticket's polarization effect, leading to no modal shift and, thus, no discernible improvements in traffic-related air pollutant levels. However, we found that the ticket was extensively utilized for long-distance travel in some regions as an apparent increase in demand for transport services, probably as a post-COVID-19 pandemic effect. Our results highlight the complex interplay between transport pricing strategies and their broader environmental and societal impacts.
चयनित ग्रामीण उपन्यासों में सामासिक संस्कृति का अनुशीलन
Authors: Kumar Shashank
Published: July 2024

भूमंडलीकरण के दौर में लिखे गये उपन्यासों में भारतीय संस्कृति का चित्रण बखूबी मिलता है। इस आलेख के माध्यम से भारतीय संस्कृति की सामासिकता का विश्लेषण गाँवों पर आधारित लिखे गए उपन्यासों के माध्यम से करने का प्रयास होगा। दो या दो से अधिक संस्कृतियों के मिलन को सामासिक संस्कृति की संज्ञा दी जा सकती है। भारत अपनी सांस्कृतिक विविधता के लिए जाना जाता है। भूमंडलीय प्रक्रिया ने वैश्विक ग्राम की संकल्पना को साकार करते हुए विश्व की विविध संस्कृतियों का परिचय एक-दूसरे से कराया है। पर इसके क्रोड़ में व्याप्त असमानता ने सामासिक संस्कृति का क्षय किया है। भूमंडलीकरण ने उदारीकरण की संस्कृति को जन्म दिया, जिसके कारण उत्पादन के साधनों पर नियंत्रण रखने वाले लोगों ने खूब आर्थिक तरक्की की लेकिन हाशिये पर रहने वालों अल्पसंख्यक, अविकसित समाज के लोगों की स्थिति बेहद खराब हुई।
geodl: An R package for geospatial deep learning semantic segmentation using torch and terra
Authors: Maxwell Aaron , Farhadpour Sarah , Das Srinjoy
Published: July 2024

Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning (DL) methods have transformed the analysis of geospatial, Earth observation, and geophysical data due to their ability to model spatial context information at multiple scales. Such methods are especially applicable to pixel-level classification, or semantic segmentation, tasks. A variety of R packages have been developed for processing and analyzing geospatial data. However, there are currently no packages available for implementing geospatial DL in the R language and data science environment. This paper introduces the geodl R package, which supports pixel-level classification applied to a wide range of geospatial or Earth science data that can be represented as multidimensional arrays where each channel or band holds a predictor variable. geodl is built on the torch package, which supports the implementation of DL using the R and C++ languages without the need for installing a Python/PyTorch environment. This greatly simplifies the software environment needed to implement DL in R. Using geodl, geospatial raster-based data with varying numbers of bands, spatial resolutions, and coordinate reference systems are read and processed using the terra package, which makes use of C++ and allows for processing raster grids that are too large to fit into memory. Training loops are implemented with the luz package. The geodl package provides utility functions for creating raster masks or labels from vector-based geospatial data and image chips and associated masks from larger files and extents. It also defines a torch dataset subclass for geospatial data for use with torch data loaders. UNet-based models are provided with a variety of optional ancillary modules or modifications. Common assessment metrics (i.e., overall accuracy, class-level recalls or producer’s accuracies, class-level precisions or user’s accuracies, and class-level F1-scores) are implemented along with a modified version of the unified focal loss framework, which allows for defining a variety of loss metrics using one consistent implementation and set of hyperparameters. Users can assess models using standard geospatial and remote sensing metrics and methods and use trained models to predict to large spatial extents.
Equality, diversity and inclusion recommendations and best practice from NERC Doctoral Training Partnerships & Centers for Doctoral Training: DEI Forum Report 2023
Authors: Duncan Hope , Drdáková Ivana , Moncrieff Katya , McLaughlin Rachael , Selley Heather , Aslam Ashar , Chidume Avila , Hui Alice
Published: July 2024

This report represents the collective voice of NERC DTPs & CDTs, demonstrating the reality of nurturing Diversity, Equality and Inclusion at the ground level from the perspectives of staff and students. Individually, we have faced common barriers towards improving DEI within our host universities and honed our expertise in realising DEI through extensive research and project delivery. From our unique vantage point, we have identified 5 key themes of DEI recommendations, evidenced by case studies from our DTPs & CDTs including examples of successful DEI projects, common barriers towards progression, and examples of best practice. We believe these should form the focus of future, embedded NERC DEI initiatives in conjunction with the NERC DEI living action plan and NERC best practice principles in doctoral recruitment.
Influence of Mechanical Design on the Evolution of the Environmental Impact of an Induction Hob
Authors: Pina Carmelo , Elduque Daniel , Javierre Carlos , Martínez Eduardo , Jiménez Emilio
Published: July 2024

This paper studies the influence of the mechanical design of five different induction hob generations (G1 to G5), which are currently installed in several million homes, on the evolution of their environmental impact. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been applied using SimaPro 7.3.3 and EcoInvent v2.2 database. Samples of each design were obtained to generate a life cycle inventory. These induction hobs have been developed and produced in Zaragoza (Spain). The functional unit has been defined as all of the components influenced by the mechanical design of a cooktop with four induction hobs and a width of 60 cm, including every component except the electronic boards and the use phase, as they are not affected by the mechanical design. The limits of the LCA model include the production of the raw materials and energy, the manufacture and production processes, the distribution and the end of life. This study has revealed that the differences in mechanical design highly affect the environmental impact, especially in the environmental categories of abiotic depletion and human toxicity due to the consumption of copper, steel and plastics. The manufacturing phase highly affects human toxicity, mainly due to the variation in PPS use. There is a decreasing tendency in the environmental impact from the first (G1) to the last generation (G5), as G5 causes the lowest burden in 8 out of 11 analysed categories. The different generations analysed in this paper show that the compact designs of induction hobs help to decrease the environmental impact, especially thanks to the reduction in wiringlengths. It is also important to enhance the wiring separation at the end-of-life phase, avoiding designs that hinder recycling processes. Compact designs and reduced wiring lengths help to reduce the environmental impact. The consumption of copper, steel, aluminium and polymers creates considerable impact, although the end-of-life phase reduces the burden created by metals, thanks to recycling. Manufacturing processes such as injection moulding also produce a noteworthy impact, especially in ozone layer depletion due to the inclusion of solvents in EcoInvent's injection moulding dataset. The impact caused by the distribution phase for this product is almost negligible in most categories.
The relationship between intelligence and economic status
Authors: Cano Michael
Published: July 2024

Using the large and nationally representative NLSY97 and NLSY79 datasets, the relationship between IQ and economic status was estimated using different measurements of status and methods of aggregation. Aggregating various longitudinal measurements into a composite variable increased the correlation between IQ and income by about 25%, with permanent income and IQ correlating at about .41 to .54 depending on the estimation method and the dataset. The relationship between IQ and achievement was largely linear, in line with prior research.An aggregation of net worth, income, occupational status, and degree attainment from various longitudinal measurements correlated with IQ scores at .6, rising to about .7 when correcting for unreliability. This correlation existed between siblings reared in the same household, and after controlling for parental background and demographics, suggesting a causal relationship from IQ to economic status.
***Neural Evidence for Feature-based Distractor Inhibition_old version***
Authors: Hanne Aylin A. , Han Sizhu , Schubö Anna
Published: July 2024

Interference from a salient distractor is typically reduced when the appearance of the distractor follows either spatial regularities (a specific location is more likely than other locations) or feature-based regularities (a specific color is more likely than other colors). While there is a growing body of literature on distractor location learning, the understanding of distractor feature learning remains limited. In the current study, we investigated distractor feature learning by using EEG measures. We assumed that learning benefits distractor handling, and investigated the role of intertrial priming in distractor feature learning. Furthermore, we examined whether distractor feature learning influences later visual working memory (VWM) performance. Participants performed an adapted variant of the additional singleton task with a distractor that appeared more often in a specific color. The behavioral results provided additional evidence that observers can use distractor feature regularities to reduce distractor interference. At the neural level, we found a reduced PD with high-probability compared to low-probability distractors, suggesting that less suppression is required when the distractor appears in the more likely color. This reduced need for suppression was partly driven by intertrial priming. The PD elicited by repeated high-probability trials decreased over time, indicating that experience with the distractor reduced the need for suppression. In addition, the results showed that distractor feature learning did not affect VWM performance. Overall, our findings demonstrate that distractor feature learning decreases the interference of a salient distractor while also benefitting from intertrial priming processes, thereby improving attentional selection. Also, it seems that learned distractor feature inhibition is not maintained in VWM when the task context is changed.
Towards a formal demography of kinship: A proposal for a research program
Authors: Caswell Hal
Published: July 2024

Every individual is connected to a network of kin --- her/his family in the broad sense of that term --- that develops and changes as that individual ages. Family networks affect demographic, economic, and health-related aspects of life and society. Because of its importance, kinship dynamics deserves a formal theory that can link it to mortality, fertility, and other demographic variables. This document reviews the literature and outlines a research program leading to a comprehensive mathematical model for kinship. It was prepared as a proposal that was submitted to, and funded by, the European Research Council Advanced Grant program. The kinship model provides deterministic and stochastic properties of kin, accounts for both dead and living kin, applies to age-, stage-, or multistate models, and incorporates time variation and sex-specific demographic rates. When applied to cohorts, it yields the means and variances of the lifetime experience of kin of any specified type. The model provides the sources of the variance in kinship structures and provides a conceptual and operational link to population projections.
Predictors for 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in early pregnancy
Authors: Lalusu Erni Yusnita ,   Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Tompotika Luwuk Banggai, Hatma Ratna Djuwita , Sudaryo Mondastri Korib , Ocviyanti Dwiana , Rimbawan  ,   Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia,   Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia,   Department of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Introduction: There are very few studies of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesia. Since vitamin D deficiency is indicated by the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) in blood, the present study aimed to analyse the predictive factors of 25(OH) D concentration in early pregnancy. Methods: The present study was a crosssectional observational study. The sample consisted of 67 pregnant women in their 1st trimester of pregnancy. Parameters assessed included levels of 25(OH)D, glucose, and haemoglobin in the blood. Demographic information such as parity, family history of diabetes mellitus (DM), exposure to cigarette smoke, physical activity level, dietary intake, and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Linear regression analysis was employed. Results: Mean concentration of 25(OH)D was 16.5 (6.6-34.1) ng/ml. Majority of the participants (77.6%) were deficient in vitamin D (25(OH)D <20ng/mL); only 1.5% had normal vitamin D levels (25(OH)D >30 ng/ mL). Bivariate analysis performed revealed that vitamin D intake (p=0.002) and family history of DM (p=0.043) played a significant role in determining 25(OH)D concentration. Additionally, dietary vitamin D intake, blood glucose level, exposure to cigarette smoke, and parental DM history served as predictors of 25(OH)D concentration in 54.5% of cases. Conclusion: The findings indicate that vitamin D deficiency was high in the target population. Thus, it is critical to ensure that for pregnant women to take vitamin D supplements, since nearly 80% of pregnant mothers are vit D deficient. Vitamin D supplementation can be included in national pregnancy programmes
Plasma amino acid profiles in thalassaemia major with iron overload
Authors: Timan Ina Susianti ,   Human Genetic Research Center Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, Wahidiyat Pustika Amalia , Sjarif Damayanti Rusli , Pasaribu Merci Monica br , Putri Fransisca , Widjaja Lukito ,   Faculty of Medicine Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Human Genetic Research Center Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Human Genetic Research Center Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Human Genetic Research Center Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Human Nutrition Research Center Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Iron overload in thalassaemia major patients mainly occurs due to periodic transfusions. When iron exceeds transferrin capacity, non-transferrin bound iron accumulates and causes tissue damage, including in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in impaired enterocyte function and amino acid absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate amino acid profiles in patients with thalassaemia major after repeated transfusions and chelation. Methods: Whole blood amino acids were analysed from dried blood spots using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. This study consisted of two parts: a cross-sectional and a cohort study in thalassaemia-β-major patients. In the cross-sectional study, amino acid profiles were analysed in 219 thalassaemia patients who received routine transfusion and chelation therapy, and 60 healthy control subjects. The cohort study included 21 subjects, from whom blood samples were taken at pre-transfusion, 1-day posttransfusion, one and three months post-chelation to evaluate changes in amino acid levels. Results: There were significant differences between amino acid levels in thalassaemia subjects and controls. Positive correlations were found between serum iron and transferrin with age, also between transferrin with proline, valine, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic. Phenylalanine and aspartic acid were significantly lower in subjects with transferrin lower than 180 µg/dL. Significant correlations were found between haemoglobin with essential and non-essential amino acid groups. From the cohort study, significant changes were observed in glycine, alanine, leucine, and aspartic acid. Conclusion: Amino acid profiles in thalassaemia patients differed compared to healthy controls, even after transfusion and chelation. Phenylalanine and aspartic acid were significantly lower in subjects with low transferrin levels.
Factors affecting stunting in children aged 6-23 months in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Andreinie Ria ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, Sekartini Rini , Chandra Dian Novita , Mudjihartin Ninik ,   Midwifery Study Program, STIKES Abdurahman Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia,   Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia–Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia–Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Introduction: South Sumatra Province in Indonesia has a relatively high prevalence of stunting and there is limited research about this phenomenon in this area. The study aimed to identify what factors affected stunting in children aged 6-23 months in the province. Methods: Using a comparative cross-sectional design involving 139 mothers with children aged 6-23 months, the study collected data from September to December 2022 via anthropometric measurements and interviews using a questionnaire. Data on parental, child, socioeconomic, and environmental factors were analysed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Overall, there were significant relationships among the following variables: child’s age (p=0.031), birth length (p=0.017), and weight-for-age (WAZ) status (p<0.001) with stunting. Children in the underweight and severely underweight categories were 28.7 times at risk of stunting compared to those in the normal category of WAZ status; children aged 12-23 months had a 2.8 times risk of stunting compared to children aged 6-11 months, while stunted birth length showed a 4.6 times risk of stunting compared to that of normal birth length. Conclusion: This research found that child age, birth length, and WAZ status were significant factors affecting stunting in the South Sumatra Province. Given these results, this study offers recommendations for the provincial government to focus on intervention programmes that provide additional food for pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency, monitor the growth of toddlers, and manage toddlers with nutritional problems in this province.
Critical Art of Teaching Writing: Nepali Educators' Insights into Crafting Young Minds
Authors: Khanal Hota Raj
Published: July 2024

This study is based on the perception and understanding of preprimary level teachers of Nepal. The study was based on the narrative inquiry of the qualitative paradigm. The objective of this study was to explore the freedom in teaching writing to enhance writing skill in preprimary level learners. Based on the objective as well as through the eyes of participants, the collected information was interpreted and concluded that innovative techniques are lacking at preprimary level for effective learning. The study also used social literacy as a lens for the interpretation and description of information to find out the hidden reality. To reveal a method of teaching writing skill, information was collected through in-depth interview with two participants from two different schools selected purposely. Collected information was tabulated, categorized and developed into themes. This study revealed that wall writing, ground writing, and carbon copy symbols techniques are innovative techniques of teaching writing for small children who study at preprimary level and that are incorporated with freedom and natural learning.
Policy Review on Teachers’ Professional Development Framework 2072: An Anthropological Approach
Authors: Acharya Milan
Published: July 2024

Using an anthropological approach, this study examines how Teacher Professional Development (TPD) policies are implemented in public schools in Nepal. In so doing, the differences between the goals of the policies and their actual execution have been analyzed. The study focuses on the analysis of how TPD policy is applied at public high school levels. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to close the implementation gap between policy objectives and goals, promoting a positive school environment for teachers' professional development. A qualitative research design is used to administer in-depth interviews with four high school teachers. Conversational and thematic analyses are used to draw on the qualitative information. It is found found that the teachers have faced obstacles throughout TPD framework implementation. It is also found that institutional constraints, cultural norms, and resource limits have created a gap between policy objectives and on-the-ground realities. The teachers recognize the value of TPD policies in directing professional development and enhancing students learning, despite the challenges. Furthermore, observations from the teachers indicate the need to highlight the vital role that TPD plays in supplying teachers with cutting-edge teaching strategies and encouraging continuous professional development. The study details the value of culturally aware and contextually appropriate TPD tactics in improving student learning outcomes and encouraging teachers to embrace lifelong learning.