bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambulatory ENT Surgery: Eight Years of Experience in A Tropical Environment
Authors: Do Santos Zounon Alexis Arnaud Wilfrid Comlan , Vodouhe Ulrich Bidossessi , Oke Faridath , Wannou Bignon , Fanou Lionelle , Adjibabi Wassi , Yehouessi Vignikin Bernadette
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Ambulatory surgery allows minimizing the time spent in the hospital, which could reduce the transmission of nosocomial pathologies and the occupation of hospital resources and infrastructures. The objective of the study was to assess the ambulatory activity of the ENT department of Military Teaching Hospital of Cotonou since its creation.
Materials and methods
The study was monocentric retrospective covering an eight-year period from January 1, 2013, to January 1, 2021. It concerned all ENT surgeries where the patient was discharged on the same day, regardless of the type of anaesthesia used. A pre-established survey form was used to collect data from the medical records. The variables studied were socio-demographic factors, eligibility criteria, indications and conversion to inpatient mode.
Results
Over the study period half of the procedures performed (334 patients) corresponded to indications for outpatient surgery and then were included. Of these, 130 patients (38.9%) were rejected for various contraindications like geographical and financial accessibility and communication difficulties. A total of 204 patients (61.1%) underwent ENT ambulatory surgery. The sex ratio was 3 males to 5 females (0.6). Children under 15 years of age accounted for 43.7% (n=146). Tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy was the most frequent surgery accounting for half of the outpatient surgery cases. Pharyngeal surgery was the most performed: (126 patients) followed by cervico-facial surgery (44 patients). Reconversion to inpatient mode occurred in 39 patients (19.12%). No respiratory complications were noted. No deaths were recorded.
 
Conclusions 
Ambulatory care is a mode of management mainly used for pharyngeal surgery, in particular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children. The main contraindications to patient eligibility were geographical and financial accessibility and communication difficulties. This activity would benefit from being better structured with specific staff and premises.
Analysis of Stutterers Characteristics in Association with Age of Onset and Family History of Stuttering
Authors: Agarwal Vinish Kumar , Sharma Mukesh , Kumar Vijay , Bist Sampan Singh , Pant Swati
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Stuttering is a common occurrence in children which is also known as stammering, dysfluency or clutching of words. Aims of present study was to study association of age of onset and family history of stuttering with stutterers characteristics. 
Materials and Methods
Total 136 stutterers were included in the study.  All stutterers were subjected to complete ear nose and throat examination. All stutterers were evaluated by speech language therapist for diagnosis of speech disorder.
Results
Out of 136 stutterers 124 (91%) were male while 12 (9%) were female ranging from 6 years to 56 years, 15 (11%) had age of onset below 3 years, 98 (72%) had 3 years to 6 years while 23 (17%) had onset after age of 6 years, 44 (36.4%) male and 1 (8.3%) female patient had first degree family history of stuttering, 15 (11%) had mild stuttering, 98 (72%) had moderate stuttering while 23 (17%) had severe stuttering, 102 (75%) had secondary stuttering characteristics including 94 (75.8%) male and 8 (67%) female stutterers.
Conclusion
Present study concluded that there is definite association of between age of onset and severity of stuttering, between duration of stuttering and secondary characteristics and between severity and number of secondary characteristics of stuttering. We couldn’t find significant association between positive family history of stuttering among first degree relatives and age of onset, severity and secondary characteristics of stuttering.
Ophthalmological Symptom Presentations in Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases - A Cross-sectional Study from a South Indian Centre
Authors: S Manjumol , C S Asha , Ahmed Sadarudheen
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Ophthalmological symptoms are common in ear, nose and throat conditions. Orbital involvement and ophthalmological presentations may be indicative of the extensive and aggressive nature of the pathology. This study evaluated the causes of various ophthalmological presentations in relation to primary ENT diseases in patients attending the ENT Department of a government tertiary referral teaching hospital.
Material and Methods
Sixty patients with ophthalmological presentations arising out of primary ENT diseases were assessed in detail. Comprehensive physical, ophthalmological and ENT examinations were done. Ophthalmological and ENT diagnoses, treatment details, outcome and complications if any were also noted.
Results
Most number of patients were in the age group 51 to 60 years (14; 23.4%). Most common ophthalmological symptom was periorbital oedema (51.6%) followed by epiphora (48.3%); the most common ENT symptom was headache (50%) followed by nasal discharge (48.3%). Most common diagnosis among patients was sinusitis (46.7%) followed by mucocele (21.7%). Most common (47%) otorhinological diagnosis associated with proptosis in this study was infections in the form of orbital cellulitis or abscess associated with sinusitis. Majority (43, 71.7%) of the study sample had surgical management.  
Conclusion
This study reiterates the need for a high index of suspicion from the part of the ophthalmologist to look beyond eye diseases as causes for ophthalmological presentations and from the part of otorhinolaryngologist to be aware of various non-ENT symptoms secondary to ear, throat and nose diseases. A close collaboration between the ophthalmology and ENT departments is essential in successful management of such patients.
Thyroid Lesions: Cytomorphological Classification of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology into Modified Bethesda System: A 3-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Sharma Ritu , Jaiswal Saurabh Kumar , Pal Desh
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Thyroid nodule is a common disorder found among the Indian population. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a useful initial screening test for thyroid nodules. FNAC also avoids unnecessary surgery done in the case of benign thyroid nodules.
Materials and Methods
 A retrospective study over three years (January 2019 to December 2021). All Thyroid nodule patients were sent for FNAC.
Results
A total of 160 totals were studied in three years. The Cytopathological diagnosis was made and categorization was done on basis of, The Bethesda System for Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC).
Conclusion
FNAC is the most cost-effective, simple, rapid, and useful preliminary method of examination that leads to the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. TBSRTC is a very valuable, practical, and universally acceptable standardized system of reporting thyroid lesions that helps in assessing the risk of malignancy in each Category.
A Study of Different Otologic Prognostic Factors Determining the Hearing Outcome in Surgical Management of Chronic Otitis Media Squamous Disease
Authors: Maity Amritendu Kamal , Majumder Aniruddha , Sen Shubhrakanti
Published: December 2022

Introduction
The diagnosis of chronic otitis media (COM) implies a permanent abnormality of the pars tensa or flaccida. The definitive treatment of it is surgery. Restoration of hearing is by necessity a secondary consideration.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study was done from December 2017 to August 2019 in Department of ENT in a tertiary health care centre of eastern India. Total 50 patients were included in this study.
Results
Most of the patients (62%) are females and are within 30 years of age. Commonest ossicular defects are defects with incus. 82% patients gained hearing improvement >15 dB.
Conclusion
Our study shows that hearing improvement is greatest for type I tympanoplasty followed by cortical mastoidectomy, ossiculoplasty. Hearing improvement is inversely proportional to the incidence of post operative infection and complications.
Anterior Ethmoidal Nerve Syndrome - An Under-diagnosed Cause of Headache
Authors: Yadav Ramraj , Chakraborty Priyanko , Saini Rajat , Kumar Rajesh , Saroj Sanjay kumar , Yadav Shishupal
Published: December 2022

Introduction
The anterior ethmoidal nerve syndrome is a group of symptoms resulting from irritation of the terminal branches of the anterior ethmoidal nerve.  Middle turbinate compression against the septum or the lateral nasal wall may cause a neuropathic facial pain syndrome which is often confused with sinogenic headache or other causes of headache. The diagnosis of anterior ethmoidal nerve syndrome is based on clinical and radiologic findings and needs a high index of suspicion. Our objective is to determine the nasal cause of headache and to create awareness among young ENT surgeons about various local causes of craniofacial pain.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital of North India. 30 patients who fulfilled the clinical diagnostic criteria were selected for the study.
Results
All the patients were analysed, managed accordingly by conservative and surgical management and outcome analysed. All patients were managed with medical and surgical management. Out of 30 patients, 28 (93.33%) patients improved in which 2 patients improve by medical management and 26 patients by surgical management.
Conclusion
The diagnosis requires a strong clinical suspicion and appropriate evaluation including nasal endoscopy, scan and anesthesia of the suspected point of contact.
Assessing Smell Alteration as Clinical Feature of COVID-19: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Based Tertiary Care COVID Hospital
Authors: Majumder Aniruddha , Ghosh Ashis Kumar , Thakur Indranil , Banerjee Shoham , Chakraborty Debdulal
Published: December 2022

Introduction
COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic and a very contagious disease. Other than common symptoms like fever, cough and malaise; alteration in smell and taste perception may be the presenting symptoms in a significant number of patients infected with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods
Presence of smell alteration assessed among 150 mild to moderate COVID-19 positive patients admitted at our COVID hospital as well as 150 COVID-19 negative patients in May-June, 2021. Use and throw smell cards were used to detect smell alteration for all. Symptom onset and its resolution were noted. Smell alteration was also evaluated in different age group and gender.
Results
81 (54%) patients among 150 COVID positive cases had smell alteration compared to 9 (6%) patients among non-COVID arm (p value <0.0001). Overall smell alteration was more prevalent among male COVID patients. Hyposmia is more prevalent among younger age group compared to anosmia, which is more among older side. Olfactory dysfunction is seen to be developed at presentation or within 5 days from starting of infection with other symptoms. More than 90% patients regained smell perception within two months post infection.
Conclusion
54% COVID positive patients reported smell loss either at presentation or within 5 days of infection. Using smell cards for smell assessment and being cautious about smell alteration as early symptom helps us to diagnose COVID-19 early.
A Cross Sectional Study on Adherence to COVID Appropriate Behaviour and Contributing Factors among Vaccinated Individuals Attending ENT Out-Patient Department of a Teaching Hospital in India
Authors: De Maumita , Mukherjee Diptanshu , Chakraborty Nabanita , Bandyopadhyay Saumendra Nath
Published: December 2022

Introduction
With the commencement of mass vaccination drive globally against COVID-19 infection, the daily COVID appropriate behaviour may be neglected among the population. However the long term efficacy and safety of vaccines is not confirmatory yet. Hence the study was carried out to assess the post-vaccination COVID appropriate behaviour and contributing factors.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the out-patient department of ENT of a teaching hospital in India from November 2021 to January 2022 among 448 vaccinated individuals. Face to face interview of the participants with a schedule was carried out for data collection. The data were analyzed by means of proportion and Chi-square test.
Results
More than 90% of the participants practiced greeting without physical contact, covering nose, mouth during coughing or sneezing, social distancing. But thorough hand washing technique was maintained by less than 75% of the respondents and post-vaccination mask use was reduced to around 68%. Participants of female gender, younger age group, with no history of prior COVID-19 infection were found to be more compliant with precautionary measures and significantly (p<0.05) varied in relation to wearing facemasks and hand washing.
Conclusion
Thus regardless of the vaccination status, adherence to personal preventive behaviours is necessary to prevent the further spread of COVID-19 infection. It can be emphasized by the competent authority by maintaining some regulations and the same message can be disseminated by health education materials to the general population with special emphasis on high risk groups.
Study to Determine Role of Fungus in Cases of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with or without Nasal Polyps in Indian Population
Authors: Kumar Prem Shankar , Gupta Salil Kumar , Singh DK , Raina Sheetal
Published: December 2022

Introduction
 
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps is a significant public health burden worldwide and owing to its multifactorial etiology, it is often encountered across various medical and surgical specialities. Role of fungus in etiology of CRS has been debated for decades altogether and there is plethora of researches on cellular, molecular and biochemical aspects of fungal presence in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and how it affects. Although, there is denial at large on fungal effects on development of CRS, but the question, that whether concomitant and demonstrable presence of fungus in cases of CRS aggravates classic symptoms and signs, largely remains unanswered.
 
 
Material and Methods
 
This cohort study includes 121 subjects, which were divided in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) on basis of rigid nasal endoscopic findings. Severity of disease symptoms, among these groups was corelated with Lund – Mackay (LM) symptom scores and extent of disease with LM endoscopic staging scores and LM radiology scores. Histopathology samples for demonstrating presence of fungus were taken and cohort was further subdivided into Fungi positive CRS and Fungi negative CRS, and, LM scores were compared.
 
 
Results
 
In fungi positive CRS group, mean LM symptoms score was 7.09 with standard deviation (SD) ±1.07; mean LM endoscopy score was 6.64 with SD ±1.94 and LM radiological score was 14.58 with SD ±2.96. In Fungi negative group, mean LM symptoms score was 3.58 with
 
SD ±1.30; mean LM endoscopy score was 4.47 with SD ±1.57 and LM radiological score was 12.20 with SD ±2.98.
 
 
Conclusion
 
Results of this study were statistically significant that fungi positive group was found to have more severe symptoms and larger extent of disease as compared to fungi negative group which indicate that fungal presence may have a role in escalation of symptoms, signs and radiological scores and it may aggravate pre-existing CRS.
Challenges of Anaesthetic Management in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Post COVID Rhino Orbital Cerebral Mucormycosis Patients
Authors: Guha Banerjee Sarmila , Mukherjee Diptanshu , Mandal Kalyan brata , Bandyopadhyay Ujjwal , Roy Debabrata , Biswas Dipankar
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Mucormycosis is a potentially lethal opportunistic, angioinvasive fungal infection with rapid progression and high mortality and predisposed by diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid other immunosuppressive drugs, haematological malignancies, haematological stem cell transplantation, solid organ transplantation and iron overdose. The aim of our study is to consider the challenge in providing anaesthesia in endoscopic sinus surgery for rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis in post COVID patient.
Materials and Methods
A total of 20 patients after being COVID negative, posted for endoscopic debridement of paranasal sinuses and also of orbital contents were analysed with respect to outcome after surgery considering the comorbidities of the patients and toxic effect of antifungal drug. Patients’ comorbidities were optimised through preoperative evaluation prior to surgery. Adequate monitoring of haemodynamic status during intraoperative period and optimum anaesthetic management was provided in endoscopic sinus surgery. The patients were managed in recovery room in post operative period and their outcome was reviewed.
Results
Our patients posed 3 challenges: a) difficult airway in view of palatal perforation b) long standing diabetes mellitus with associated metabolic complications c) administration of amphotericin B could interact with anaesthetic agents and produced adverse outcome. After surgery mortality was experienced in 10% of cases.
Conclusion
Awareness of warning symptoms and signs, a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and initiation of full dose of liposomal Amphotericin B and meticulous surgical management may help to optimise the outcome of ROCM in the setting of COVID 19 infection.
A psychoanalytical reading of Mrs. Ramsay in ‘To the Lighthouse’ in relation to Virginia Woolf’s personal life
Authors: Salam Sonia , Ali Khan Shaukat , Ahmad Kashif
Published: December 2022

This paper explores Woolf's self into her character: Mrs. Ramsay and vice versa. The narrative of 'To the Lighthouse' offers a detailed description of her characters' inner selves and their outlook on life based on their interior designs. Woolf has drawn her characters based on incidents chiselled from her personal life. Her personal life suffered incessantly from jolts of fear, psychosis, neurosis, and attempts of suicide on various occasions. To compensate for the injuries and trauma of the past, Woolf is at her best in drawing the character of Mrs. Ramsay, which is full of love, life, and harmony, contrary to her own life, which was full of trouble and mental sickness. Woolf could not manage her personal and conjugal life smoothly, but Mrs. Ramsay, on the contrary, successfully kept her family connected till her death. Our main argument is Aristotle’s stance on Art that artists, in reaction to the realities of the physical world, create an imaginative world of perfection. According to the novel's psychological nature, Freud’s theory of personality has been adopted in exploring and correlating the character of Mrs. Ramsay (the brainchild of Woolf) with Woolf’s personal life.
Teachers’ perspective on tackling the problem of poor reading skills in students of English at secondary schools of Kohat, Pakistan
Authors: Shujaat Ali Syed , Khan Mohammad Asif , Khalid Shah
Published: December 2022

Reading skill has been observed to be underdeveloped in secondary school students. To address this issue and locate the responsible factor, the stance of the teachers is of no less importance. Unfortunately, while framing educational policies, the policymakers depended less on the input of the teachers, who are well-versed in such problems. To address the under-developed English reading skill from the teachers’ perspective, a sample of twenty secondary-level teachers was chosen from the population of teachers of English in public and government schools of Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, which were affiliated with the Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Islamabad. Forty-six items related to professional, environmental, instructional, and assessment categories were set in the questionnaire and answered on a Likert scale. The researchers concluded that the stunted growth of students’ reading skills in English could be attributed to the lack of emphasis on the reading skill in the teachers' training programs, teachers’ ignorance about the habit of regression, avoidance of teaching about techniques like previewing and reading in chunks, low participation in professional training, the emphasis over on-spot correction, and lack of knowledge and resources for arranging proper lighting for learners’ reading.
Anesthesia of Nilem Fish (Osteochilus hasselti) With The Use of Clove Oil (Eugenia aromatica) in Different Dosages
Authors: Pramono Taufik Budhi , Santoso Marhaendro , Jannah Hana Roudhotul
Published: December 2022

The natural ingredient of clove oil can be used for fish anesthesia because it contains eugenol metabolite compounds. The study aims was to determine the effect of clove oil in induction and recovery time, survival and optimum dose for the anesthesia process of Nilem fish. The randomized trial design was complete with four treatments and four tests. Treatment dose 0.05; 0,10; 0,15; 0.20 mL/L is applied. The fastest induction time process at the 0.20 mL/L treatment, while the recovery time at the 0.05 mL/L treatment and 100% survival at the 0.10 mL/L treatment.
Digital Image Features Stabilization for Several Different Rotation Modes
Authors: Dojanah Mohammad Kadri Bader Dojanah Mohammad Kadri Bader , Alqadi Ziad
Published: December 2022

Gray and color digital images are used in many vital applications; such as fingerprint or face recognition. These applications require dealing with the digital image as a single image, even if this image is rotated with different rotation angles. This paper deals with using the digital image histogram to set image features and for multiple models of image rotation. A detailed study and analysis of wavelet packet tree decomposition will be introduced; various experiments will be done to show how to stabilize the image features for multiple modes of the image.
A Review on Load Balancing Algorithms in Cloud Computing
Authors: Mutaher Hasan Majd , Alsohaibi Nabel
Published: December 2022

Cloud computing is a new standard for large-scale distributed and parallel computing that is still in its infancy. At a predetermined time, provides common resources, information, software packages, and other resources in accordance with client requirements. As cloud computing becomes more popular and more people become interested in assistive computing, better and quicker service is necessary. It is necessary to enhance the management of the good load balancing solutions that are already accessible. Recently, numerous clients from all over the world have been seeking various services at a quick rate, negatively impacting cloud computing performance. The various load balancing techniques used in cloud computing are effective in customizing demand by identifying the appropriate virtual machines. In this review, a comparative study will be done between many load balancing algorithms in different cloud computing, as many studies have been done on this important topic. Important research will also be analyzed and defined, and analyzes will be written for each research that talks about dynamic and non-dynamic load balancing techniques and algorithms. Many details will also be mentioned from the researcher's point of view as a summary of each research.
HEALTH CARE ACCESS BY TRANSGENDER PERSONS IN SOUTH AFRICA: GENDER-BASED DISCRIMINATION, HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS, AND THE ROLE OF THE AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM
Authors: Da Luz Scherf Erick , Alves Lima Zanatta Maria de Lourdes , Viana da Silva Marcos Vinicius , Da Silva Jose Everton
Published: December 2022

LGBTQIA people, all around the world, experience violence, discrimination, and rights violations almost daily. In the field of human rights and healthcare more specifically, trans people have unique health risks and they face further rights violations, public shaming, and institutional violence when trying to navigate through an essentially cisgender healthcare system. On that account, this research aims to explore transgender persons’ right to access health care (or lack thereof) in South Africa and possible remedies in the African human rights system. The methodology employed consists of a brief review of literature, a qualitative design based on multiple sources, and theoretical reasoning embedded in the larger framework of human rights, more specifically a human rights-based approach to health care. The goal is to employ a somewhat innovative human rights-based approach to health care access and to analyse which international responsibilities the Republic of South Africa has regarding the health rights of transgender persons. Both the advantages and limits of international adjudication and advocacy on behalf of trans people in the African system are also discussed.
APPLICATION OF A STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL TOOL FOR DIAGNOSIS AND CONTINUITY OF CARE IN SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION - AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Moraes Armesto Leonardo , Roberto Alonso Thabata , Chaves Reis Priscila , Garbelini Ribeiro Anna Vict´ória , David Giovana , Freitas Baueb Jorge , Kawamoto Dela Torre Lucas , Bahov Shinnishi Juliana , Furst Vaccarezza Gabriela , De Alcantara Sousa Luiz Vinicius
Published: December 2022

Hypertension is the number one cause of death worldwide, however, this occurrence can be prevented if proper follow-up is performed. One way to improve the accuracy of follow-ups is through tools that enable constant update and monitoring of hypertensive patients. Therefore, the objective of this study reflects on the application of a standard operating procedure that allows such actions to be performed ensuring that providing care needs to be continuous and the data has to be updated in order to have a better treatment plan for each patient enrolled in the Basic Health Unit. Thus, this article is based on an integrative review on tools for continuity of care for hypertensive patients. In this way, 95 articles were selected within the theme, and after applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria, only 20 were analyzed. The studies were published in journals with high to medium impact factors, recognizing the degree of relevance of the theme studied. One of the major issues currently existing for the effective monitoring of hypertensive patients is the lack of accurate tools that have practical application and that allow the primary care team to effectively monitor patients registered in their territory. Thus, the literature review supported this study to direct the understanding about problems inherent to hypertension in primary health care, supporting the argument and allowing  new ways to monitor hypertensive patients so that future problems due to this chronic disease can be prevented.
DESAFIOS NO MANEJO DA ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA PRECOCE EM UMA CRIANÇA COM 5 ANOS DE IDADE: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Feitosa Ribeiro Adriele , Silva Pimentel Susan Karolayne , Ribeiro Nascimento Ana Flávia , Coelho Sousa Aríssia Micaelle , Ferreira da Silva Juliana , Maduro Bouillet Leoneide Érica , Honorato Marcos Manoel
Published: December 2022

Este estudo relata o caso de uma criança com Esclerose Múltipla precoce. É uma doença inflamatória do Sistema Nervoso Central, mais comum em adultos, considerada muito rara na primeira década de vida. O paciente tinha 5 anos quando sofreu ataques agudos de ataxia e paparese. A ressonância magnética do encéfalo mostrou lesões compatíveis com a doença, embora o líquido cefalorraquidiano não tenha detectado alterações típicas. Houve recuperação dos surtos e dificuldades para utilizar o tratamento imunomodulador. Isso reflete o quanto o diagnóstico e manejo em crianças e adolescentes é mais difícil, pois apresentam sintomas inespecíficos que abrem um leque de diferentes diagnósticos diferenciais. Portanto, o relato destaca as diferenças entre a esclerose múltipla em adultos e crianças e as dificuldades nessa população específica.
ANÁLISE DA ACESSIBILIDADE PARA PEDESTRES E DEFICIENTES NA ÁREA EM TORNO DO ESTÁDIO ARENA DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Santos Bezerra Júnior Abdon dos , Gutemberg Caiado da Silva Alain , Oliveira dos Santos Matheus , Silva Reis Luciana da
Published: December 2022

A pesquisa tem como tema analisar acerca da acessibilidade para pedestres e pessoas portadoras de deficiência na área em torno do estádio Arena da Amazônia. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é apresentar as condições das calçadas utilizadas por pedestres e deficientes na área em torno do estádio Arena da Amazônia, além de analisar os aspectos físicos das calçadas, destacar as condições de circulação dos pedestres e PNE's (Pessoas Portadoras de Necessidades Especiais) e PRM (Pessoas com Restrição de Mobilidade) na referida área e realizar uma comparação entre a disposição estabelecida em lei sobre a acessibilidade de PNE´s e PRM. A pesquisa tem como problemática: O entorno da Arena da Amazônia foi projetado visando a acessibilidade de pessoas com deficiência, assim como em sua área interna que seguiu os parâmetros estabelecidos no Projeto de Acessibilidade em Estádios? Não somente as ruas onde trafegam os diversos tipos de veículos, como também as calçadas devem possuir boas condições de circulação de pedestres que possuem seus membros sem nenhuma limitação, mas que, principalmente, favoreça aqueles que possuem qualquer tipo de deficiência. Para isso, as calçadas devem ser projetadas e construídas sem nenhuma forma de impedimento, barreira ou buraco que prejudiquem o livre acesso.
INDÚSTRIA FARMACÊUTICA BRASILEIRA: ANÁLISE PARA O SEU PROCESSO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTADO
Authors: Kuazaqui Edmir , Covas Lisboa Teresinha
Published: December 2022

O presente estudo analisa a indústria farmacêutica brasileira, contextualizada com o fenômeno da pandemia e inserida na Cadeia Global de Valor (CGV). Por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e pesquisas de campo, aqui aplicadas em entrevistas qualitativas de profundidade, cuja amostra foi constituída por profissionais e experiência profissional, procurou-se a coleta de dados e informações que possibilitasse um diagnóstico da situação deste segmento econômico, de seus problemas, impressões e, naturalmente, recomendações, contextualizados no período de pandemia ocasionada pelo COVID-19 e distanciamento social. Neste sentido, a indústria farmacêutica nacional é constituída por empresas farmacêuticas nacionais e estrangeiras com considerável nível de qualidade, onde o problema está na centralização na área da Saúde, em especial na esfera federal, na condução de políticas públicas, planejamento e gestão que restringem a possibilidade de investimentos públicos e privados, e que atendam às necessidades da Sociedade, bem como de questões emergenciais.
ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE ÁGUAS ARMAZENADAS EM CISTERNAS SITUADAS EM CONCEIÇÃO DO COITÉ, BA, BRASIL
Authors: Lima Carneiro Isadora , Rodrigues de Oliveira Rebeca , Gabriel Ferreira Maia Henrique , Das Virgens Nascimento Israel , Lima de Souza Jéssica
Published: December 2022

Atualmente, na região rural nordestina, a falta de chuva faz com que muitas comunidades de baixa renda enfrentem a seca. Para solucionar essa situação, uma alternativa viável é a instalação de cisternas, promovendo um acesso a água para o consumo humano. No entanto, quando não ocorre a forma correta de armazenamento, pode acontecer alterações nos parâmetros físico-químicos dessa água. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os parâmetros físico-químicos das águas armazenadas em cisternas do distrito de Aroeira, Conceição do Coite–BA, verificando se a mistura das águas das chuvas e das cisternas influenciam em sua qualidade. A metodologia adotada trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa feita através de triplicata coletada em seis cisternas. As alíquotas foram coletadas de torneiras e analisadas no Multiparâmetro. Os resultados obtidos constataram que a mistura entre a água das cisternas com a água da chuva alterou sua condutividade, alcançando um resultado acima do esperado, porém, não alterou a sua qualidade. Ao realizar o teste do pH, houve a constatação que a água está própria para o consumo, mantendo seu pH dentro do padrão determinado e observou-se também que a água foi classificada como água doce, devido à baixa presença de sal. Por meio da pesquisa, pode-se concluir que os parâmetros físico-químico da água misturada não sofreram alteração.
LOGÍSTICA INDUSTRIAL AVANÇADA: ESTUDO DE CASO NA MASCARELLO ENCARROÇADORA DE ÔNIBUS DO MUNICÍPIO DE CASCAVEL PARANÁ
Authors: Fernando Marcos Lucas , Ricardo Busato Sandro
Published: December 2022

A reflexão acerca da implementação da ferramenta LIA (Logística industrial avançada) na empresa Mascarello Carrocerias e Ônibus veio através das observações do autor que trabalha na empresa e pode observar o seu progresso. Após esta implementação, através desta observação surgiu a necessidade de escrever sobre esta ferramenta que pode se demostrar de extrema importância para outras empresas que ainda não conhecem. Essa realidade decorre de diversos fatores: medo do novo, não querer investir em algo que não conhecem como inovar seus processos ou até mesmo a incerteza do resultado final que este investimento poderá proporcionar. Essas dificuldades resultam em estatísticas muitas vezes baixas para essas empresas, pois não se atualizam para acompanhar a evolução do mercado. Com o objetivo de atrair atenção para o tema, o trabalho apontará os benefícios alcançados pela empresa após a implementação do LIA, ao inserir todos esses dados o sistema projeta quais materiais serão necessários e quanto de cada insumo será preciso e em quais etapas cada um entra na cadeia de produção. Englobando o gerenciamento de toda a organização, tornando mais eficientes e eficazes seus processos de manufatura e distribuição através de redução de estoques. O LIA aprimorou esse sistema implementando a logística, dispondo o material certo, no tempo certo e no local certo, assim diminuindo o tempo de ciclo de cada ônibus no seu posto de trabalho, reduzindo o retrabalho, reduzindo a movimentação desnecessária dos colaboradores, garantindo a qualidade e gerando lucro para a empresa.
Treatment optimization of the age-related cardiovascular and neurological pathology using known metabolic, cytoprotective, vasodilatory action substances. Review
Authors: Bezrukov Vladislav , Sykalo Nina , Kuprash Liana , Panteleymonova Tetyana
Published: December 2022

Stressful situations that accompany us during military operations provoke a significant increase in the incidence of cardiovascular and psychoneurological pathology, especially among the elderly. Therefore, there is a need for a complex approach to treatment, in particular, with the use of combined drugs.
The review presents data from preclinical and clinical studies on drugs with metabolic action - meldonium (trimethylhydrazinium propionate), L-arginine, and inosine. It has been shown that, apart from the general pharmacotherapeutic action, these drugs have a significant clinical effect on various illnesses in the form of adjunctive therapy. Antioxidant, neuroprotective, vasodilatory, and several pleiotropic effects of meldonium have been established. The use of meldonium as part of combined therapy improves the prognosis in cardiovascular and neurological disease treatment.
Most reports ascribe the clinical benefits of L-arginine in cardiovascular diseases to the provision of NO. L-arginine is the only precursor for the NO-synthase reaction. NO is produced by all tissues of the body and plays particularly important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. Very few articles examine the effects of L-arginine supplementation on central nervous system (CNS) function. However, accumulating evidence indicates that NO plays a role in memory formation. The possible role of L-arginine in Alzheimer's disease was investigated, taking into account the known functions of L-arginine in atherosclerosis, redox stress and inflammation, regulation of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, as well as modulation of glucose metabolism and insulin activity. Evidence is provided that L-arginine may play a prominent role in protecting against age-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. L-arginine has been demonstrated to improve peripheral circulation, renal function, and immune function. It also possesses anti-stress and adaptogenic capabilities. L-arginine stimulates the release of growth hormone as well as the release of pancreatic insulin and glucagon and pituitary prolactin. The antioxidant property of L-arginine has been well documented in several reports.
As well known that inosenhancesance the myocardial energy potential improvesrove coronary circulation. At the same time over the past two decades, inosine has been shown to evoke significant improvements in motor function and visceral organ control in preclinical models of neurologic injury including spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson`s disease through its ability to enhance the growth of axon collaterals from undamaged neurons. The basis of these beneficial effects stems from its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiogenic and neuroprotective properties.

Keywords: age-related pathology; combined drugs; meldonium; L-arginine; inosine, endothelial dysfunction.
Penerapan Finite State Automata Pada Vending Machine Cangklong Rokok
Authors: Toha Ahmad , Putra Jordy Lasmana , Gata Windu
Published: December 2022

Salah satu masalah kesehatan dunia disebabkan oleh rokok. Menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO), ada 2,5 miliar perokok di dunia, dua pertiganya di negara berkembang. Pandemi Covid 19 menyebabkan penurunan daya beli masyarakat karena sebagian besar masyarakat mengurangi aktivitas di luar ruangan untuk menekan penyebaran Covid 19. Strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk memasarkan cangklong rokok yaitu dengan memanfaatkan Vending Machine (VM). VM yaitu mesin otomatis ang berjalan secara independen dan dapat secara otomatis menyediakan transaksi yang memenuhi kebutuhan manusia, seperti pembelian. Dalam jenis FSA ini, terdapat mesin bahasa yang mengenali, menerima, dan menolak jenis mesin FSA Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) dan Nondeterministic Finite Automata (NFA).
Lauro Olmo’nun “Sardalya Göğsü” Adlı Eserine Feminist Bir Bakış
Authors: KARAÇAY Figen
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada İspanyol dramaturg Lauro Olmo’nun kadın karakterleri ön plana çıkaran ve Türkçeye Sardalya Göğsü olarak çevirebileceğimiz, İspanyolca ismi La pechuga de la sardina olan tiyatro eseri feminist eleştiri kuramları ışığında incelenecektir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak feminist kuramlar ele alınacak daha sonra psikanalizin bu kuramlar üzerindeki etkileri incelenerek konuya açıklık getirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Eserin yazıldığı dönemde var olan toplumsal, dinsel baskıların ve kadın cinselliğinin baskı altında tutulmasının kadınları dolayısıyla erkekleri nasıl etkilediği analiz edilecektir. Oyun yazarı bir yandan Franco dönemi İspanya’sı Din-ideolojisinin kadınlara yönelik baskısını ve bunun sonuçlarını aynı pansiyonda kalan altı kadın karakter üzerinden anlatır. Öte yandan pansiyonu çevreleyen ortam ve erkek karakterler ataerkil sistemi tanımlamak için sembolik olarak temsil edilirler. Son olarak yazar, yaşamlarında farklı önemli kararlar veren iki kadını betimleyerek kadın mücadelesinin ve dayanışmasının özgürlük için ne kadar gerekli olduğunun altını çizer. Bu iki kadın karakter aracılığıyla mevcut baskıcı düzenden çıkış arayan kadının başkalarına güvenerek çözüm aramak yerine kendi ayakları üzerinde durabilmesinin önemini dile getirir. Olmo, 20. yüzyıl İspanya'sının kadınlara uyguladığı baskı ve bunun toplumsal etkileriyle ilgilenen en önemli oyun yazarlarından biridir. Oyundaki örnekler aracılığıyla o dönemdeki sansürün yazarı metafor kullanımına zorunlu bırakması ve bu metaforlar ile neleri ifade etmeye çalıştığı konusuna ışık tutularak bu yolla çalışmanın ilgili alana katkı getirmesi hedeflenmektedir.
Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in some selected hospitals in Lokoja Metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Bala, H.E.M.  , Suleiman, A.B.  , Tijjani M.B.
Published: December 2022

Cytomegalovirus is one of the most common viruses which causes congenital defects in babies from infected mothers. Sensoneural hearing loss (SNHL) and neurodevelopmental delay are typical occurrences in childhood resulting from congenital defects which presents no symptoms at birth. The aim of this study was to determine the cytomegalovirus IgM infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at KSSH and FMC in Lokoja metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria. A total of 184 serum samples were collected and analyzed using CMV IgM ELISA kit diagnostic Automation, INC (USA). The study revealed that out of the 184 samples collected, 40 turned out positive for CMV IgM antibodies giving a prevalence of 21.7% while the negative sample result had a prevalence of 78.3%. a total of 92 samples each was collected from both hospitals; KSSH had 30 CMV IgM positive samples having a percentage 32.6% and FMC with 10 CMV IgM having a percentage of 10.86%. Based on the research, there was no significant association between the risk factors such as marital status, type of marriage, occupation and scarification related to the infection. This could be due to the limited number in sample size. Other socio-economic factors that had statistical significant p value with the infection were education (0.035), hand wash (0.027) and previous history of blood transfusion (0.003). The study has shown the need for sensitization of the populace especially to pregnant women, the need for constant and proper personal hygienic practices be done to reduce the risk of infection and possibly stop its transmission to fetus. In addition, inclusion of screening for cytomegalovirus antibodies among blood donors may be useful tool in preventing transmission of cytomegalovirus to blood recipients.
Characterization of the Physicochemical Properties of Virgin and Used Vegetable Oil
Authors: O Charles , O Raymond , C.U. Princess , O Uzochukwu
Published: December 2022

Vegetable oils form a vital part of the diet in many homes. The repeated use of same oil for deep frying is widespread in commercial as well as domestic cooking processes. This study aimed at investigating the physicochemical properties of popular brands of virgin and used edible oils sold in Nigeria to ascertain the effects of using the same oil for repeated frying. Standard methods prescribed by the Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and American oil Chemists Society recommended practice (AOCS) were used to determine relative density (RD), peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), acid value (AV), free fatty acid (FFA), volatile matter (VM), viscosity (VY) and insoluble impurities (IP). Results revealed that the temperature change in the oil samples induced a difference in their RDs, AVs and PVs. This was also observed in the proportions of the FFA content of the oil samples before they were used and after two frying cycles. PVs in the study ranged from 1.40 - 13.60 meqO2/kg; IVs ranged from 48.22-118.02 gI2/100g; RDs ranged from 0.91 -0.95 kg/l; AV ranged from 1.37 - 49.56 mgKOH/g; FFA ranged from 0.59 - 11.56%; VM range was 0.0003 to 0.0484 %. VY range was 136.04 -220.53 mgKOH/g and IPs ranged from 5.03 - 9.02 %.
Actions of Cellulase Isolated from the Hemolymph of Giant African Snail (Archachatina marginata) on Solid Wastes
Authors: Fagbohunka, B. S.  , Etieh, C. J.  , Adeyanju M. M.  , Odufuwa, K. T.  , Itakorode B. O.
Published: December 2022

Solid wastes generation is a ginormous and ever-expanding problem affecting the world, majorly developing countries. This is because the world populace produces million tonnes of municipal solid wastes each day and this number has been projected to triple in the next few years. Drastic increase in wastes especially solid wastes could be directly proportional to increase in pollution and this could pose deleterious effect to mankind in general. Cellulose which is a chief constituent of solid wastes could be degraded by cellulase, a hydrolytic enzyme presents in the genetic make-up of giant African snail. In this study, cellulase was isolated from the hemolymph of Archachatina marginata and partially purified by draining the hemolymph into a sterilized beaker. The drained hemolymph was centrifuged at 4000g for 20 min to obtain a crude fraction of the enzyme. The actions of isolated cellulase on different agricultural and industrial wastes were examined using standard procedure. The enzyme had a specific activity of 1.39U/mg. Biodegradation study showed that the enzyme has highest activities on agricultural and industrial wastes such as; Leaves (approximately 125.32-426.40%), Plastics (2.95-91.14%), Wrappers (21.29-72.65%), Kitchen wastes (3.89-65.71%), Woods (12.34-40.77%) and the lowest activity was recorded on Nylons (3.26-9.64%). The degree of biodegradation of solid wastes signifies that the enzyme could play a key role in efficient, reliable and non-hazardous means of waste management and material recycling.
Comparative Studies of Biodegradation of Wastes Using Cellulase from Garden Snails (Limicolaria flammea) and Giant African Snails (Archachatina marginata)
Authors: B. S. Fagbohunka  , O. S. Adedeji  , D. D. Bank-Aluko  , M. O. Adeniji  , O. A. Olubowale
Published: December 2022

The generation of solid waste is a massive and ever-growing problem that affects the entire world, particularly developing countries. In Africa, waste recycling is not fully embraced and performed; as a result, these waste products are viewed as physical contaminants that can harm the ecosystem, generate pollution, and cause a lot of environmental risks. The use of synthetic compounds in the decomposition of wastes could harm the ecosystem and lead to global warming, thus biocatalysts are a preferred option. Cellulase, a hydrolytic enzyme, could digest cellulose, a main component of solid waste. Garden snail (Limicolaria flammea) and Giant Africa snail (Archachatina marginata) are organisms that feed on dead, decaying and actively growing plants due to their possession of cellulolytic enzyme. Cellulase from the gut of Archachatina marginata haemolymph and Limicolaria flammea had specific activities of 1.15 U/mg and 1.14 U/mg respectively. It also showed high level of degradation. Limicolaria flammea haemolymph showed high activity of 504.11% on soluble starch, 529.39% on kick tree and 993.77% on carton paper. This study suggests that cellulase from both Limicolaria flammea and Archachatina marginata has biodegrading potentials on waste materials. While their effects and the rate of degrading wastes differ, they could both be relevant in waste management especially on kitchen waste.