bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPING OF NUMBERS LEARNING MODULE FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS BYCONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Dyah Tri , Suastika I Ketut
Published: October 2017

This study purposedto develop module of numbers learning by CTL approach. Through CTL strategies, students were expected to learn through 'experience', but not 'memorize'. This module included activities to create a meaningful relationship, presenting a problem in the form of open-ended, problem possing assembling, collaborating, presenting individually services through checking the understanding, and self-assessment. The development model used in this research were divided into three phases: (1) the initial investigation phase (2) the prototype phase, and (3) the assessment phase. The research instrument composed in this study consisted of; (1) questionnaire responses of experts and practitioners, (2) student questionnaire, (3) sheets and questionnaires observation, (4) the test sheet. This development product had fulfilled valid criteria by the achievement of the module validation was 3.31 (high criteria), Observation Students’Activities validation was 3.52 (high criteria), Students’ Questionnaire Response validation was 3.27 (high criteria), and Test Learning Result validation was 3.44 (high criteria). Based on the validation results, it could be concluded that the module and instrument which were developed was valid. 
Repercusiones de la violencia intrafamiliar como factor de riesgo en el rendimiento académico
Authors: Merino Armijos Gladys , Castillo Costa Sonia
Published: October 2017

La violencia intrafamiliar es un fenómeno social que ha venido deteriorando las relaciones afectivas en todo el sistema familiar y su repercusión en el rendimiento académico y las relaciones interpersonales. Un problema actual y creciente entre los estudiantes, siendo de tal intensidad que ha provocado incidentes negativos, observándose  esta problemática transversalmente en diversos contextos culturales y sociales; tiene como objetivo apreciar cómo se da la violencia intrafamiliar entre los escolares, los factores que están involucrados en estos eventos, así como también identificar algunas intervenciones que se han llevado a cabo para prevenir y tratar estas conductas, y los resultados obtenidos. Dentro de los factores que se relacionan con la violencia intrafamiliar están los de tipo individual, familiar, escolar y del ambiente. En las intervenciones realizadas han participado padres, profesores y/o alumnos(as), obteniéndose resultados positivos con un enfoque integral.
Design of a monitoring system for the cultivation of garden tomato in greenhouse
Authors: Minda Gilces Diana Elizabeth
Published: October 2017

This paper briefly discusses the design and implementation of a prototype that monitors temperature, humidity and ultraviolet solar radiation levels in a greenhouse set for the cultivation of garden tomato. The Scrum agile methodology was applied through the deployment of the prototype. The monitoring system is composed by low cost, commercially available sensors, a database and a computer program developed in JAVA. It provides charts, audible and visual alerts, as well as daily, monthly and yearly statistical reports of sensed data. Implementation in the greenhouse aids farmers in the decision- making process regarding crop exposure to the sun, water and ambient temperature, thus enhancing quality of the cultivation process.
Keberkahan Al-Aqsha Perspektif Hermeneutika Schleiermacher
Authors: Fatah Abdul
Published: October 2017

Abstrak Dalam surah al-Isra (17) ayat 1 dengan jelas al-Qur’an menyebutkan bahwa al-Aqsha telah diberkahi sekelilingnya oleh Allah SWT. Namun secara historis juga telah terbukti bahwa di Jerusalem tempat dimana al-Aqsha berada justru menjadi tempat pemicu konflik antara agama-agama samawi yang berujung pada melayangnya ribuan nyawa yang tidak berdosa, sehingga dimanakah letak keberkahan al-Aqsha?Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut peneliti menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutika Schleiermacher yaitu interpretasi gramatis dan psikologis yang dianggap mampu untuk mencermati dan memotret surah al-Isra (17) ayat 1 dengan realitas empiris hari ini di Jerusalem.Penelitian ini adalah library research yaitu studi kepustakaan dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisa data yang diambil dari literatur baik buku, jurnal, artikel dan sejenisnyaAdapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : keberkahan dalam surah al-Isra ayat 1 yang menjadi karakteristik masjid al-Aqsha adalah sebuah penggambaran transfer kesucian melalui prosesi isra mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW berupa keamanan perjalanan sehingga tidak ada gangguan dalam perjalananya.  Keberadaan keberkahan dalam surah tersebut lebih bersifat spesifik dan personal terhadap nabi Muhammad ketika melaksanakan perjalanan malam dari masjid al-haram menuju masjid al-Aqsha Kata kunci : berkah, al-Aqsha, al-Isra (17) ayat 1, isra mi’raj
Dakwah Corporate Social Responsibility di Indonesia
Authors: Ridwanullah Ade Iwan
Published: October 2017

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kegiatan dakwah perusahan sebagai bentuk dari program corporate social responsibility yang dilakukan Pertamina Balongan Indramayu melalui kegiatan pengembangan masyarakat pada sektor pertanian sebagai komoditas utama masyarakat mengingat di wilayah Indramayu memiliki luas areal pertanian yang cukup besar dengan tenaga kerja yang yang terlibat di sektor pertanian dan masih berada pada garis kemiskinan dan ketidakberdayaan. Konsepsi dakwah bukan hanya identik dengan tabligh tetapi meliputi semua segi kehidupan manusia untuk menciptakan perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik. Prinsip utama dalam kegiatan dakwah ini untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran dan kekuatan pada masyarakat sebagai objek dakwah itu sendiri. Dakwah dalam bentuk pengembangan masyarakat sebagai proses dari serangkaian kegiatan yang mengarah pada peningkatan taraf hidup dan kesejahteraan. Kegiatan dakwah perusahaan dilaksanakan melalui: peminjaman lahan, penguatan modal usaha, pembinaan manajemen dan usaha pertanian, pelatihan budi daya pertanian, dan pemasaran hasil pertanian.
Relasi Kebiasan Belajar, Pergaulan, Dan Prestasi Belajar Matematika di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Stiawan Drajat
Published: October 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kebiasaan belajar dengan prestasi belajar matematika,  untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara pergaulan teman sebaya dengan prestasi belajar matematika,  untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kebiasaan belajar dan pergaulan teman sebaya dengan prestasi belajar matematika.Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VIII MTs Sembada Kebumen. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket dan test. Analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi dan analisis regresi.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kebiasaan belajar dengan prestasi belajar matematika dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,863, (2) ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara pergaulan teman sebaya dengan prestasi belajar matematika dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,663, (3) ada hubungan yang positif dan siginifikan antara kebiasaan belajar dan pergaulan teman sebaya dengan prestasi belajar matematika dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,874. Besarnya sumbangan relatif  X1 sebesar 84,39% dan X2 sebesar 15,61%. Besarnya sumbangan efektif X1 sebesar 64,417% dan X2 sebesar 11,91%.
4TEFFECTS OF GRAIN SIZE, ROUGHNESS, AND HARDNESS OF SEA FLOOR ON BACK SCATTERING VALUE BASED ON HYDROACOUSTIC DETECTION
Authors: Pujiyati Sri , Hartati Sri , Priyono Wijo
Published: October 2017

3TBased on results of detection hydroacoustic, backscattering value from the first reflection (E-1) can describe the roughness and from the second reflections (E-2) can describe the hardness of sea floor. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between grain size, roughness and hardness with backscattering values using the hydroacoustic method. The results showed that the roughness, hardness, and diameter size fraction of fine sand substrate were greater than that of muddy sand substrate. The backscattering values of very fine sand substrate were also greater than that of muddy sand substrate.

Keywords: Hydroacoustic, bottom, backscattering
IDENTIFICATION OF ANEMONEFISHES (Amphiprioninae) AND THEIR SIMBIONT IN SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Yasir Inayah , Syafiuddin Syafiuddin , Sumarjito Sumarjito
Published: October 2017

The study was conducted in June 2009 around the waters of Samalona, Barranglompo, Koedingareng Keke, Badi, Langkai and Kapoposang islands, representing four zones of Spermonde Archipelago of South Sulawesi. Seven species of anemonefish from two genera were found living symbiotically with 7 species of sea anemones. Those fishes were Amphiprion clarkii, A. melanopus, A. ocellaris, A. sandaracinos, A. perideraion, A. polymnus and Premnas biaculeatus. Three of these fishes were simbiotically found with one species of anemone (specific symbiont), and one species of fish was symbiotically found with five species of anemones.

Keywords: Amphiprioninae, Spermonde Archipelago, anemone symbiont
REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF HUMPBACK GROUPER (Cromileptes altivelis) FROM WILD BROODSTOCK (F-0), FIRST GENERATION BROODSTOCK (F-1), AND SECOND GENERATION BROODSTOCK (F-2)
Authors: Tridjoko Tridjoko
Published: October 2017

Grouper seeding technology still relies on the broodstock from the ocean, eventhough, the existence of the broodstock is rare and difficult to obtain. The broodstock takes a long time to mature and spawn. Therefore, to anticipate the scarcity humpback grouper from wild, it is important to produce broodfish from aquaculture. This study was aimed to know the reproduction performance of humpback grouper wild broodstock F-0, first generation broodstock (F-1) and second generation broodstock (F-2). The cultured of humback grouper broodstock used three tanks 75 m3 in volume (tank I, II and tank III). Tank I: reared 35 fishes broodstock F-0. Tank II and tank III for reared each 50 fishes F-1 and F-2 broodstock. Food for broodstock from the wild (F-0) was given from fresh trash fish, squid, and added vitamin mixture, vitamin C and vitamin E. Meanwhhile, food given to F-1 and F-2 broodstock was a commercial dry pellet (PG 9-10) that contains following nutrients: protein content of 43%, min. fat of 9%, ash content of 13%, fiber levels of 2%, and moisture content of 12%. Mixture of vitamin C and E were also added. The results showed that the humpback grouper F-0, F-1 and F-2 were cultured in 75 m3 concrete tank was successfully spawn with the fertilization rate of 87%, 78% and 45% respectively. This result proves that the broodstock from F-0 gaved the best results.

Keywords: Humpback grouper reproduction, wild broodstock (F-0), first generation (F-1), seccond generation (F-2)
CHARACTERISTIC BIOACTIVE COMPOUND OF THE MOLLUSC SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA BY USING GC-MC
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis
Published: October 2017

It has been discovered that mollusca produce a secondary metabolite and in the same time bear its important role in its ecosystems so became a strategic target for the development of noble bioactive substances for marine pharmacology. The current study of mollucs symbiotic bacteria showed that from species of Conus miles, Stramonita armigera, Cymbiola vespertilo and from based on screening of symbiotic bacteria in the Mollusc toward some bacteria , 3 isolates had been had good performance in inhibiting the grow of bacteria and to be the best candidates for a new antibiotic based on result of screening consistency. Size and character inhibiting zone resulted toward test bacteria were TCM, TCAand TOV. The research aims to current study of characteritic of symbiotic bacteria from mollucs that produce a new anti-pathogenic bacteria by using GC-MS method. GC-MS result showed that fraction TCM-6.1 consist of some compounds, that are Nitrogen oxide (N2O) (CAS) Nitrous oxide; Acetic acid (CAS) Ethylic acid; Propanoic acid,2-methyl-(CAS) Isobutyric acid and fraction TOV12.16 consist of compound such as Propanoic acid,2-methyl-(CAS)Isobutyric acid; Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-(CAS) 2-Methylbutanoid acid then fraction TSA8.7 consist of 1,2-Propadiene (CAS) Allene. The research pointed towards the three active symbiotic bacteria seems to be promising since this three candidates potential result for the development of a new antibiotic.

Keywords: Bacteria simbiont, mollusc, anti-bacteria, bioaktif compound
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS PB, CU, AND ZN IN THE MANGROVE FOREST OF MUARA ANGKE, NORTH JAKARTA
Authors: Hamzah Faisal
Published: October 2017

In this study, the concentrations of three kinds of heavy metals, namely Pb, Zn, and Cu from 3 species of mangrove that grow in Muara Angke were measured and analyzed. Our result showed that substrate of mangrove ecosystem in Muara Angke was dominated by clay (30.5% - 62.4%), silt (21.7% -35.6%), and sand (2% -39.5%). The heavy metals accumulation in roots is higher than in sediment, water and leaves with concentration of Zn as the highest. Bioconcentration Factor (BCF; content ratio of heavy metal concentrations in roots or leaves and sediment) and Translocation Factor (TF; ratio of heavy metal concentrations in leaves and roots) of non-essential heavy metals (Pb) is higher in leaves than in roots, but for essential heavy metals (Zn and Cu), the BCF and TF was higher in roots than in leaves. TF values for heavy metals Pb, Cu, and Zn were 0.98-2.59, 0.17-0.51, and 0.52-0.86, respectively. The values of root BCF of those three heavy metals were 0.71-3.17, 0.27-0.74, and 0.95-1.53, while the values of leaf BCF were 1.84-3.45, 0.07-0.34, and 0.72-1.19, respectively. Furthermore, by calculating the phytoremediation (FTD), i.e. the difference between BCF and TF, it is obtained that Sonneratia caseolaris and Avicennia marina can be used in phytoremidiation, with leaves and roots FTD of 1.93 and 2.09, respectively for Sonneratia caseolaris and 1.93 and 1.98 for Avicennia marina.

Keywords: heavy metals, mangroves, phytoremidiation, Muara Angke, bioconcentration factor, translocation factor
STUDY COMPONENTS OF SHALLOW WATER TIDE (OVER AND COMPOUND TIDES) 1 DIMENSIONAL CHANNEL MODEL BY USING VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION METHOD
Authors: Sudjono Evie H. , Setiawan A. , Hadi S. , Ningsih N. S.
Published: October 2017

Shallow water tides are very important to improve accuracy of tidal predictions. It is used by port interest, sea transportation, fishing industry, coastal engineering, etc. Simulation of shallow water tides was obtained from harmonic analysis of 1 dimensional channel model (12 grid) by using variational data assimilation (grid 3 and 8). Two partial tides with angular frequencies σ1 = 1,4x10-4 and σ2 = 1,6x10-4 rad/sec and amplitude A1 = 1x10-8 and A2 = 0,5x10-8 meters are used for defining external forcing in the model domain. When inspecting the amplitudes of both partial tides σ1 and σ2 and some of their dominant over- and compound tides (σ3 = 2σ1-σ2 and σ4 = 3σ1), in general the “to be corrected” solution can be improved significantly. Root mean square (rms) error of tidal constituent σ1 between the “reference” and the “to be corrected” without data assimilation is 0,1075 m/sec, and for σ2 is 0,0440 m/sec, respectively. On the other hand, the harmonic analysis of the phase of tidal constituent σ1 showed a good result (root mean square = 0.0000 m/s) and for σ2 (root mean square = 0.0002 m/s).

Keywords: shallow water tides, data assimilation, harmonic analysis.
CHARACTERISTIC OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN EAST INDIAN OCEAN DURING POSITIVE PHASE OF INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE (IOD) OF 1994/1995, 1997/1998, AND 2006/2007
Authors: Dipo Pramudyo , Nurjaya I Wayan , Syamsudin Fadli
Published: October 2017

There is an inter-annual phenomenon in the Indian Ocean that occurs because of the interaction between atmosphere and ocean are known Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). IOD is a bipolar structure that characterized by the difference of sea surface temperature to normal. The objectives of this study is to know the characteristic of physical oceanography in the eastern part of Indian Ocean during the formation phase, maturation phase and decay phases of positive IOD. The second objective was to determine the comparative characteristic of physical oceanography in the eastern Indian Ocean between the positive IOD in different years. The strengthening of the South Equatorial Current in transitional seasons I (March-May) followed by early cooling of the SST which is indicated by the formation phase of IOD. At the Southeast monsoon (June to August) and the beginning of the season transition II, there is a visible presence of upwelling in the south of Java, which is then further extends to the peak in September (maturation phase) and begin to disappear in October followed by warming of the SST on the East of Indian Ocean in November (decay phase).

Keywords: Indian Ocean Dipole, upwelling, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis, Eastern Indian Ocean
SEA LEVEL VARIATION AND GEOSTROPHIC CURRENT OF THE SUNDA STRAIT BASED ON TIDAL AND WIND DATA IN YEAR 2008
Authors: Oktavia Resni , Pariwono John Iskandar , Manurung Parluhutan
Published: October 2017

Sea level variation from four tide-gauge data in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia, in the year 2008 has been studied by using Wavelet 1 D Daubechius 1 level 5 type and Fast Fourier Transform methods. The hourly sea level variation in April and November (representing transitional seasonal conditions) is approximately +0.49 m; whereas in January (representing Northwest Monsoon condition) and July (representing Southeast Monsoon condition) can reach up to -0.48 m. In 2008, sea level variation in the Sunda Strait is mainly influenced by the monsoon. Results from this study show that there are at least three phenomena of sea level variations in the Sunda Strait, namely (1) seasonal variation (periodicity between 4-6 months) where it is believed influenced by the Java Sea; (2) intra-seasonal (periodicity between 1-3 months), which is more influenced by the Indian Ocean; and (3) tidal forcing (periodicity between 14-17 days, suggesting fortnightly tidal forces) which propagates from the Indian Ocean into the Sunda Strait. Result from surface geostrophic approximation calculation suggests that during Southeast Monsoon (June-August), monthly mean current flows southwestwardly towards the Indian Ocean with a velocity of 0.14-0.16 m/s. Whereas during Northwest monsoon (December-February), current flows northeastwardly towards the Java Sea with a velocity of 0.14-0.17 m/s. Furthermore, on the daily time scale, tidal current in the Sunda Strait flows into the Java Sea (Indian Ocean) during high tide (low tide) with a velocity ranging from 0.51 to 0.72 m/s (0.48 to 0.51 m/s).

Keywords: sea level variation, geostrophic approximation, tides, monsoon, Sunda Strait
MEIOFAUNA (FORAMINIFERA) IN SEDIMENTS AND ITS RELATION TO WHITE SANDY BEACH OF SENGGIGI AND WATER CONDITION OFF WEST LOMBOK
Authors: Dewi Kresna T. , Arifin L. , Yuningsih A. , Permanawati Y.
Published: October 2017

A development of meiofaunal data (foraminifera) from offshore area of West Lombok was conducted on 20 marine sediment samples. The samples were taken out using a grab sampler in 1997. The purpose of this study was to apply the formula of Foraminiferal Index by Hallock et al. (2003). Another purpose of this study was to recognize its relation of white sands of Senggigi beach that was dominated by Shlumbergerella floresiana. The result of analysis showed that the value of Foraminiferal Index (FI) was varies between 1.22 and 9.81. The low value of FI (<2) was found at sites that were close to the coastal area. The values FI >2 and <4 occur at five stations that gave indication of limited environment for coral growth. Value of FI >4 that showed good water condition was found in an area surrounding small islands of Gili Trawangan, Gili Meno, Gili Air and southern part of the study area. Based on the identification of foraminiferal specimens, the occurrence of Shlumbergerella floresiana was not abundant as it was accumulated in Senggigi beach. This result showed that this species did not come from samples studied but might come from marine sediment adjacent to the Senggigi beach

Keywords: Benthic foraminifera, FORAM Index, west Lombok
INFLUENCES OF UPWELLING DURATION AND INTENSITY BASED ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY TOWARD PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY VARIABILITY IN INDONESIAN WATERS
Authors: Kemili Putri , Putri Mutiara R.
Published: October 2017

The existence of upwelling generally increases waters productivity. However, the influence of upwelling could be different based on location and time. The difference of upwelling duration and intensity (strength) can affect the variability of primary productivity in Indonesian waters. The estimation of primary productivity during the period of January 2000 to December 2007 was conducted using Carbon-based Production Model (CbPM). Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) Anomaly data on the same period was used as parameter to determine the upwelling conditions. The study locations were west coast of Sumatra, south waters of East Java to East Nusa Tenggara, Banda Sea, Gulf of Bone, Maluku Sea and Halmahera Sea. The results showed that in the south of East Java and Banda Sea have upwelling with longer duration (3–4 months) and higher intensity (decrease in temperature reached >2°C below average), the primary productivity was higher than other locations. Halmahera Sea showed the existence of upwelling only at certain time when El Niño occurred, while Gulf of Bone and Maluku Sea showed the occurrence of upwelling during southeast season only with 2–3 months of duration and vary intensity, which shown with the decrease in temperature ranging from 0,5–1,8oC below average. El-Niño and dipole mode in Indonesia waters generally caused longer duration and stronger intensity of upwelling producing more productivity than normal years.

Keywords: Upwelling, Primary Productivity, Carbon-based Production Model
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF TROPICAL ABALONE Haliotis asinina SEED IN CONCRETE TANKS AT DIFFERENTS STOCKING DENSITY
Authors: Hamzah Mat Sardi , Dwiono Sigit Anggoro Putro , Hafid Safriyadi
Published: October 2017

Tropical abalones (Haliotis asinina) is a marine gastropod that has high economic value and consumed by people in the world. In 2002, the production of abalones was 4.076 ton from total production of marine fisheries in the world 8.000 ton. The countries that produce abalone by farming are Taiwan, Cina, South Africa, Japan, Cilie, USA, Australia and New Zealand. Information about the production in Indonesia is scarce. The main issue faced by farmer is higher mortality during post larvae and juvenile. The aim of this research was to observe the influence of abalone seed density in concrete tanks regarding to growth and survival. The research was conducted in January - May 2012 Mataram Marine Bio Industry Technical Implementation Unit, LIPI. Analysis of varians showed that seed densities was not significantly different (P>0.05). The highest survival rate were in density 75 individual/tank with 11.11 % mortality. The highest growth rate were in 50 individual/tank with shell growth rate 0.21cm/14 days and seed weight was 1.23 g.

Keywords: growth, survival rate, seed of abalone (Haliotis asinina), density
EFFECT OF CALCIUM – PHOSPHOROUS WITH DIFFERENT RATIO ON NUTRIENT RETENSION AND CHANGES THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TIGER SHRIMP JUVENILE (Penaeus monodon FABR.)
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin
Published: October 2017

Calcium and phosphorous are two important minerals because of their functions for growth and bone mineralization as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms. The study purposes were to determine the effects of calcium and phosphorus with different ratios of nutrient retention and chemical composition changes of juvenile shrimp body. Organism used in this experiment were juvenile tiger prawns with an average weight of 3.43 ± 0.05 g/fish. Stocking density was 6 fish per aquarium (size 60cmx50cmx40cm). This research was formulated according to completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. The treatments applied were the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in shrimp food i.e., A (Ca/P=1:0,5), B (Ca/P=1:1,0), C (Ca/P=1:1.5) and D (Ca/P=1:2,0 ). Food was served four times per day i.e. 07.00 AM, 11.00 AM, 15.00 PM, and 21.00 PM.. The juvenile tiger prawns maintained for 8 weeks. The results showed that calcium and phosphorus with different ratios in the diet did not give effect to the retention of nutrients include protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus. While the provision of calcium and phosphorus in different ratios to changes in body chemical composition includes protein, fat and ash content of juvenile tiger prawns have a significant effect except for crude fiber and BETN not significant. The result indicated that the ratio of Ca and P with a value of 1:1.0 to 1:1.5 gave better effect in changing the chemical composition of juvenile shrimp body.

Keywords: tiger shrimp juvenile, retention of nutrients, chemical composition
WATER CONDITIONS OF CORAL REEFS WITH FORAMINIFERA BENTHIC AS BIOINDICATOR BASED FORAM INDEX IN BANGGAI ISLANDS, PROVINCE OF CENTRAL SULAWESI
Authors: Aulia Khairunisa N. , Kasmara Hikmat , Erawan Tatang S. , Natsir Suhartati M.
Published: October 2017

Research of water condition of coral reefs with foraminifera benthic as bioindicator based on FORAM Index (FI) in Banggai Islands, Province of Central Sulawesi was conducted by P2O-LIPI, Jakarta team in July 2011.  This study was an exploratory research, conducted using survey methods. Sediment sampling was collected by a Van Veen Grab and measurement of other biotic and abiotic parameters was performed in 8 point sampling stations scattered in Banggai islands. Sediment samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to identify the types of foraminifera, determines FORAM Index, and find out  the relationship between FORAM Index with condition of coral reefs views by coral cover. The results showed that foraminifera benthonic as bioindicator were 75 species, which belong to  33 genera. Water conditions of Banggai Islands by FORAM Index (FI) values ​​ranged from 2.99 to 5.54. There was a fairly close relationship between FI with condition of coral reefs views by percentage coral cover in Banggai Islands.

Keywords : coral reefs, FORAM Index, foraminifera benthic, Banggai Islands
INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW TRANSPORT VARIATIONS AND OCEANOGRAPHIC’S PARAMETER IN TIMOR SEAS AS AN INDICATION OF ENSO EVENTS
Authors: Safitri M. , Cahyarini S. Y. , Putri M. R.
Published: October 2017

Variation of Indonesian Throughflow transport, salinity, and temperature at surface level of Timor Seas monthly, seasonal, and annual mean scale was studied using the datasets provided by IRI/LDEO Climate Data Library i.e Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) for the salinity. The period data used in this study was 1995-2004, ERSST for the temperature. The Indonesian Thourghflow transport was obtained from Hautala et al. (2001). Result of this study showed there was influence of monsoon and ENSO on oceanographic parameters. During the South East (SE) monsoon, an emptiness on the surface water occurred in Timor Seas due to the easterly wind, which causes the upwelling. The results was also shown that during the SE monsoon the average temperature was 26.84oC, salinity was 34.35, and Indonesian Throughflow transpor was -0.34 Sv. While during the North Western (NW) monsoon the average temperature was 29.6 oC, salinity was 34.22, and the Indonesian Throughflow transport was -0.27 Sv. The negative value (-) means that the flow toward the Indian Ocean. In addition, based on temporal correlation between Indonesian Throughflow transport and NINO 3.4 index was found that the annual mean variability increases (-0.18 Sv) during La Niña period and decreased (-0.13 Sv) during period El Niño. These indicated that ENSO phenomena influenced the transport across the Equatorial Pacific east-west.

Keywords: Indonesian throughflow, salinity, temperature, SODA, Monsoon, ENSO, Timor Seas.
DURATION TIME AND EGGS DENSITY TO IMPROVE CLOSED TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY ON EGGS GROUPER
Authors: Ismi Suko
Published: October 2017

The grouper hatchery technology  has been successfully developed and grouper seed can be produced massively and sustainly. Egg is one of key successes in the hatchery processes. Eggs taken from hatchery egg producer were often far away from a final hatchery location. This study tried to find out the effectiveness of eggs transportation  duration and densities for eggs’ hatchability of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). The first treatment: eggs at a density of 400 000 eggs/8 l sea water,  transported with different duration time i.e., 6,  12, 18, and 24 hours. The second treatment: transportation eggs with duration 24-hour  at different density i.e., 100,000; 200,000;300,00; and 400,000 eggs/8 l sea waters.  Eggs were packaged  in a plastic bag with 8 liters of water media, the plastic size 100 cm x 55 cm, ratio water with oxygen was 1: 3, the  plastic bag inserted to sterofoam with size 75 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm, to reduce the temperature in sterofoam was added ice the size of 500 grams , wrapped in newspaper,  styrofoam  covered by selotipe. The results showed that eggs with transportation time  of 6 and 12 hours were better and significantly different (P <0.05) than  transportation time of 18 and 24 hours. Furthermore, density of 100,000 and 200,000 eggs/8 l sea waters were better and significantly different (P <0.05) than that density of 300,000 and 400,000 eggs/8 l sea waters.

Keywords: hatchery, eggs grouper, transportation.
SPECTRAL OF REMOTE SENSING REFLECTANCE OF SURFACE WATERS
Authors: Nababan Bisman , Wirapramana Anak A.G. , Arhatin Risti E.
Published: October 2017

Spectral measurements of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) of surface waters in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico were conducted in various seasons in 1999-2000 using Fieldspec Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) Spectroradiometer. Filtering process was performed on the data to eliminate invalid data. In general, in coastal waters particularly near rivers mouth (water type-2) the Rrs spectrals were relatively low at blue, maximum at green, and decreased to a minimum value at the red wavelength. In offshore waters (type-1), the general pattern of Rrs spectrals were maximum at the blue wavelength and then continued to decline at the green wavelength until the minimum value at the red wavelength except during summer where Rrs spectrals in most offshore area having the maximum value at the green wavelength due to the phytoplankton bloom as a result of freshwater intrusion from the Mississippi river. In general, the patterns and values of Rrs ​​were significantly different among seasons and locations. Results showed that Rrs values ​​at the blue wavelength (λ=400 nm) were generally higher in the spring than in other seasons ranging of 0.007-0.018 sr-1 in offshore waters and 0.004-0.015 sr-1 in coastal waters. During spring, Rrs values at the green ​​wavelength (λ=500 nm) were also higher than in other seasons ​​ranging of 0.005-0.013 sr-1 found in coastal waters. However, during summer in coastal waters, the maximum values of Rrs spectrals were found in different green wavelength on different locations showed the differences in the type and composition of phytoplankton, organic materials, and suspension matters at those locations.
 Keywords: remote sensing reflectance, phytoplankton, offshore, coastal, Gulf of Mexico
TRIGLYCERIDE COMPOSITION OF SIXTEEN STRAINS OF MARINE DIATOM
Authors: Panggabean Lily M.G. , Rasyid Abdullah , Duniani Zarrah , Meliana Yana , Kurniasih Indah
Published: October 2017

Trigliceride or triacylglicerol (TAG) composition in crude oil of sixteen strain of marine diatom has been detected by spectra analyses on an Electrospray - Ion Trap – Mass Spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS) HCT Bruker-Daltonic GmbH instrument with AgNO3 used as coordination ionization agent. Biomass samples of each microalga strain were taken from early and late stationary cultures in f/2 enriched seawater and algal oils were extracted according to Bligh and Dyer. Results from spectra analysis showed that P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0) were distinguished in TAG from diatom strains Chaetoceros sp.1, Chaetoceros sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.1, Thalasiossira sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.3, Navicula sp. 1, Navicula sp. 2, Navicula sp. 3, Navicula sp. 4, Nitzschia sp. 2 and Amphora sp. In contrast, TAGs in Melosira sp. included P-P-P (C16:0-C16:0-C16:0) and P-P-O (C16:0-C16:0-C18:1) were identified. TAGs from Chaetoceros sp. were the most varies among samples, i.e. P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0), A-P-M (C20:4-C16:0-C14:0), P-Pt-Lt (C16:0-C16:1-C18:3), P-Pt-A (C16:0-C16:1-C20:4), D-P-P (C22:6-C16:0-C16:0), A-Ln-P (C20:4-C18:2-C16:0). Various TAGs were also detected in Nitzschia sp.2, i.e. P-Pt-M (C16:0-C16:1-C14:0), P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0), P-Pt-S (C16:0-C16:1-C18:0), P-Pt-A (C16:0-C16:1-C20:4). TAGs composition in Skeletonema strains that similar to those in Nitzschia sp.1 has longer carbon, i.e. P-P-O (C16:0-C16:0-C18:1), P-O-O (C16:0-C18:1-C18:1) and O-O-O (C18:1-C18:1-C18:1). TAGs with longer carbon chain and more double bond including highly unsaturated fatty acid C20:4 were increased with culture age in diatoms Chaetoceros sp.1, Chaetoceros sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.2, Navicula sp.1 and Nitzschia sp. 2.

Keywords: diatom, TAG, ESI-IT-MS, f/2, early and late stationary
DISTRIBUTION AND PREDICTION ON HEAVY METALS POLLUTION LEVEL (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni) IN SEDIMENT IN BANGKA ISLAND WATERS USING LOAD POLLUTION INDEX AND GEOACCUMULATION INDEX
Authors: Ahmad Fasmi
Published: October 2017

Bangka Island is rich in natural resources particularly tin minerals. The increasing of tin mining has elevated various wastes such as tailings, oil, and fuel coming from the sand scraper tin boat. These wastes containing toxic heavy metals may harmful to marine organism. Measurement of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni were carried out in September 2010. The purpose of this research was to predict the pollution degree of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in sediment using two different methods namely geoaccumulation index (I_geo) and pollution load index (PLI). The samples of sediments were collected at 20 stations using Gravity Core. The content of heavy metals in all samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with a mixture of air and acetylene flame. The results showed that there was a different of prediction on sediment pollution level between Load Pollution Index with Geoaccumulation Index. According to Load Pollution Index, sediments in this waters were not polluted by Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni (PLI<1). Based on Geoaccumulation Index, sediment were also not polluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (Igeo<0). While for Cd, sediments divided into three categories, namely not polluted (Igeo<0), light polluted (0<Igeo<1), and medium pollued (1<Igeo<2).  The concentration of the heavy metals still lower than that sediment quality guideline values.

Keywords: Bangka Island, heavy metals, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index.
CONCENTRATION OF Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb AND Zn IN SEDIMENT OF GRESIK WATERS
Authors: Lestari Lestari , Budiyanto Fitri
Published: October 2017

Gresik coastal waters is one of the areas that have a potential risk for environmental damage due to anthropogenic activities. Water and sediment samples were collected to determin  metals concentration and to identify sediment quality in February 2012. Twelve samples were collected for analysis of mercury (Hg) and four other metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). Mercury was analyzed using USEPA method 7471B with Flameless-AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) varian type SpectarAA VGA 20-76 and the other metals were analyzed using USEPA 30050B with Flame-AAS. Results showed that ranges and average concentrations of Hg were 0.04-0.33 (0.13) mg/kg, Cd 0.08-3.05 (0.64) mg/kg, Cu 23.7-234.0 (85.5) mg/kg, Pb 1.74-12.7 (4.29) mg/kg, and Zn 77.0-405.0 (133.0) mg/kg. Metals with high concentrations were detected in some places and by SQG-Q, surface sediment showed a moderate impact level of biological adverse effects in aquatic sediments.

Keywords: mercury, heavy metal, sediment, Gresik.
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND HATCHING EGGS RATIO OF BLACKSADDLED CORAL GROUPER (Plectropoma laevis) AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE MEDIA
Authors: Andriyanto Wawan , Slamet Bejo , Ariawan I Made Dharma Jaya
Published: October 2017

In seed production, the success of spawning and egg production is very important to mantain the cultivating sustainability. The quantity and quality of the blacksaddled coral grouper eggs should be properly manipulated to produce the higher values. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different temperatures on the results of hatch success (embryo development, incubation time, hatching rate and larvae abnormality). The eggs used were obtained from natural spawning and collected with egg collector. The fertilized eggs were incubated in four pieces of container and were treated with different temperatures of 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, and 32°C which each treatment was repeated 3 times. The incubation equipment with automatic temperature control was used in this treatment. The results showed that the eggs which were incubated at 32°C produced a faster of embryonic development and hatch within 14 hours while the temperature of 26°C took 18 hours to hatch. However, the temperature of 32°C resulted in low egg hatchability, with 60.29%, as well as the abnormalities of 8.42%. The best temperature of each treatment was obtained at the incubation temperature of 30°C, whereas the phase of the hatch was achieved within 15 hours, with egg hatchability of 92.25% and the abnormality of 6.29%. From these results, it can be concluded that the optimum incubation temperature for Blacksaddled coral grouper was 30°C.

Keywords: hatching, egg of Blacksaddled coral grouper, Plectropoma laevis, incubation temperature.
THE CONDITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF STONY CORALS (Scleractinia corals) IN BANGKA WATER
Authors: Siringoringo Rikoh Manogar , Hadi Tri Aryono
Published: October 2017

Bangka water is well known as the best tin producer in which there are many off-shore tin-mining activities conducted by both local people and tin companies. Such condition apparently brings negative impacts to marine life. Stony corals are considered as the major component of coral reef ecosystems whose condition is influenced by environmental condition. The aim of this study is to observe the general condition of coral reefs and the distribution of stony corals in Bangka Water. The study was carried out between September and November 2010 by taking 10 stations. The method used was LIT as long as 70 meters installed parallel to the coast line. The result indicates that generally the condition of coral reef was categorized as fair condition, the coral cover averaging at 47, 82 %. There were 89 species of stony corals found, divided into 13 genera. The most dominant species was Porites lutea , particularly at Station 6 by 33,3%. The prolonged turbidity mainly caused by tin-mining activities is thought to lead the coral reefs to critical condition particularly in some areas.

Keywords: stony corals, coral cover, distribution, Bangka Water.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TROPICAL BROWN ALGAE Padina australis FROM PRAMUKA ISLAND, DISTRICT OF SERIBU ISLAND, INDONESIA
Authors: Santoso Joko , Podungge Fitriany , Sumaryanto Heru
Published: October 2017

The proximate composition, dietary fiber, and total phenol contents as well as antioxidant activity of tropical brown alga Padina australis collected from the Pramuka Island, District of Seribu Island, Indonesia during the rainy season of 2011 were determined in order to evaluate their potential nutritional value and activity of natural antioxidant compound. The content of ash, protein, and fat were 22.26, 10.76, and 4.17 g/100 g dry matter, respectively; whereas the amounts of soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fibers were 8.4, 5.4, and 13.8 g/100 g, respectively. Methanol extract of P. australis contained the highest total phenol of 246.1 mg GAE/1000 g dry sample. The extract also had the highest activity on DPPH radical scavenging, measured by IC50 of 267.1 ppm. Both the total phenol and IC50 value extracts decreased in the following order: methanol > ethyl acetate > n-hexane.

Keywords: antioxidant, dietary fiber, DPPH-scavenging, Padina australis, proximate composition
CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE OF SKIPJACK ROE (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Authors: Rieuwpassa Frets Jonas , Santoso Joko , Santoso Joko , Trilaksani Wini , Trilaksani Wini
Published: October 2017

By product that rich in protein such as fish roes are potential as raw material for protein concentrate. This research aimed to utilize skipjack roes to produce protein concentrate and to characterize its functional properties. The method used to extract protein was defatting method using isopropyl alcohol and ethanol with extraction times of 1, 2, and 3 hours.  The results showed that skipjack roes contained 19.81% of protein, 3.41% of fat, 71.32% of moisture, 2.04% of ash, and 1.53% of carbohydrate (by difference). Defatting method using isopropyl alcohol for 3 hours produced the best roe protein concentrate (RPC).  The product meets to the quality requirements of fish protein concentrate type B, contained protein and fat of 71.79% and 2.78%, respectively. This product also had functional properties as follows: water absorption capacity (1.57 ml/g), oil absorption capacity (1.82 g/g), emulsion capacity (81.65%), bulk density (0.51 g/ml), foaming capacity (1.90 ml), foaming stability (0.22 ml) and protein digestibility (95.86%).  Lysine and leucine became the major essential amino acid of RPC, with values were 70.76 and 64.91 mg/g protein, respectively. The composition of amino acids of RPC skipjack consisted of 8 essentials amino acids, 5 non-essentials amino acids and 2 semi-essentials amino acids.

Keywords: extraction, fish roe skipjack, roe protein concentrate
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY FEED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROTEIN AND LIPID ON CORAL ROCK GROUPER (Epinephelus corallicola) JUVENILE
Authors: Marzuqi Muhammad , Anjusary Dewi Nasbha
Published: October 2017

The aims of this study was  to determine the nutrient digestibility coefficient of diet with diertary  levels of protein and lipid on  coral rock grouper (Epinephelus corallicola) juvenile. This study used completely randomized design with factorial arranged in 3 different treatment of dietary protein levels i.e., 36%, 42%, and 48%;and 2 different treatment  of dietary lipid levels  i.e., 9% and 18%; with 3 repetition. The average initial body weight of fishes for this study was 29.19 ± 0.97 g/fish. Fishes were reared in 18 pieces of polycarbonate tank with water volume of 30 liters with stocked density of 7 fishes/tank. The tank equipped with aeration with water flow change of 20 liters/hour. Fish were fed 2 times per day on at satiation  and fish rearing for 150 days. Parameters measured were protein, lipid, carbohydrate and energy of digestibility coefficient . The results showed that the interaction of protein and lipid levels that differ in feed ratio significantly affected on protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and energy digestibility coefficients. In general, feed with a protein content of 36% and 9% lipid  produced good nutrient digestibility coefficient  and  better economic value.

Keywords: protein, lipid, feed nutrient digestibility, coral rock  grouper
WATER MASSCHARACTERISTICS OFWEDA BAY,HALMAHERA ISLAND, NORTH MALUKU
Authors: Basit Abdul , Putri M.R.
Published: October 2017

The water quality parameters at 23 observation points in Weda Bay were collected using the Sea-Bird's Conductivity Temperature and Depth (CTD) 911 and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) meter ARO-USB 66 during Weda Expedition in 13 – 23 March 2013 (transition monsoon) with research vessel Baruna Jaya VII. The main goal of this research was to identify characteristics of water masses in Weda Bay. The results showed that the thickness of mixed layer in Weda Bay was about 40 m with the average levels of temperature, salinity, and oxygen at about 29.2 °C, 34.0, and 7.0 mg/L, respectively. Within thermocline layers, it was observed that there was the water type of Southern Subtropical Lower Water (SSLW) identified by the presence of salinity maximum above 35.0 occupied between 25.7 and 24.5 sigma-theta (16,2 °C < < 20,5 °C). Furthermore, there were oxygen homogenous layers at 5.1 mg/L situated at between 26 and 24.7 sigma-theta (15°C < < 20°C). In addition, oxygen inversion was found at 0.15 mg/L in the layer of between 26.8 and 26.0 sigma-theta (10°C < < 15°C). In the intermediate layer (>500 m), the temperature and salinity tended to be constant at 7.8 °C and 34.7, controlled by the sill separating Halmahera sea and Western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO). These water mass characteristics revealed the strong influences from WNPO to Weda Bay. The water, driven by Indonesian throughflow (ITF), flowed into Halmahera Sea before turned into Weda Bay.

Keywords: temperature, salinity, oxygen, SSLW, Weda bay
ZONATION AND DENSITY OF INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES AT COASTAL AREA OF BATU HIJAU, SUMBAWA
Authors: Yulianda Fredinan , Yusuf Muhamad Salamuddin , Prayogo Windy
Published: October 2017

Characteristics of coastal tidal areas of Batu Hijau vary from sandy substrate type, sandy to rocky reef with a wide expanse of intertidal ranges from 100 meters to 350 meters. To find out zoning intertidal community,the observation conducted at five locations intertidal beach, each consisting of three zones: the high tide, middle tide and low tide. Living structure in tidal areas of coastal Batu Hijau, Sumbawa consists of the main communities and associated biota. The main intertidal community composed of coral, seagrass, algae, and other fauna, while the intertidal biota associated with tidal habitat consists of a group of molluscs, echinoderm, crustacean, worms and fish. Distribution of intertidal communities formed three zones consisting of (1) seagrass (21.3%) in the upper zone (high tide), (2) algae (35.5%) in the central zone (mid tide), and (3) coral (28.5%) and algae (42.5%) in the lower zone (low tide). The main groups of biota in the form of tidal zoning system consisting of two groups of molluscs (51.12%) in the upper zone, while the echinoderms that predominate in the central zone (36.96%) and lower (66.89%). No significant differences between the structure and composition of marine intertidal communities in September 2011 (rainy season) and April 2012 (dry season).

 Keywords: intertidal (tidal), percent cover, density, community, biota
VARIABILITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL SCATTERING COEFFICIENTS OF SURFACE WATER IN VARIOUS SEASONS
Authors: Untung Murjat Hi , Nababan Bisman , Siregar Vincentus P.
Published: October 2017

Variability and spatial distribution data of the total scattering coefficients ares useful in the development of bio-optical algorithms of ocean color satellite. The purpose of this study was to determine the variability and spatial distribution of the total scattering coefficient at 9 wavelengths (λ) in different seasons. Field data collection were conducted in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) of the spring , summer, and fall in 1999-2000 by using the ac-9 in-situ Spectrophotometer and restricted to coastal waters of 10 m isobath and offshore of 1000 m isobath. The data were filtered using the moving average method and tested with the Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that the average value of the total scattering coefficients were significantly different among spring, summer, and fall. In general, the total scattering coefficients were relatively high, especially in the coastal waters near the mouth of the river each season and relatively low in offshore waters except during the summer that the total scattering coefficients were also relatively high in offshore watersdue to the intrusion of the Mississippi river flow toward offshore containing high nutrients that can promote the growth of phytoplankton in the offshore, suspended material and lower salinity jointly to increase the total scattering coefficients.

 

Keywords: variability, spatial distribution, total scattering coefficient, bio-optic, NEGOM.