bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confinement-guided photophysics in MOFs, COFs, and cages
Authors: Leith Gabrielle A. , Martin Corey R. , Mayers Jacob M. , Kittikhunnatham Preecha , Larsen Randy W. , Shustova Natalia B.
Published: February 2021

This review applies a holistic approach for recognizing a pattern in the photophysics–structure relationship of chromophore in porous crystalline matrices.
Insight into the preferential N-binding versus O-binding of nitrosoarenes to ferrous and ferric heme centers
Authors: Abucayon Erwin G. , Chu Jia-Min , Ayala Megan , Khade Rahul L. , Zhang Yong , Richter-Addo George B.
Published: February 2021

The dominant stabilization forces in the observed ferrous N-coordination, and ferric O-coordination, of nitrosoarenes to hemes are provided by dπ–pπ* and dσ–pπ* interactions, respectively.
Comment on “Giant pyroelectric energy harvesting and a negative electrocaloric effect in multilayered nanostructures” by G. Vats, A. Kumar, N. Ortega, C. R. Bowen and R. S. Katiyar, Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, 1335
Authors: Chen Xin , Shvartsman Vladimir , Lupascu Doru C. , Zhang Q. M.
Published: February 2021

In the ferroelectric phase, the change of polarization with temperature from partially switched polarization hysteresis loops has no relation with the electrocaloric effect (ECE) and hence cannot be used in Maxwell relation to deducing ECE.
Molecular engineering of α and β peripherally tri-halogenated substituted boron subphthalocyanines as mixed alloys to control physical and electrochemical properties for organic photovoltaic applications
Authors: Bukuroshi Esmeralda , Wong Siena , Mudigonda Thanmayee , Nova Kyle , Dumont Antoine , Holst Devon , Lu Zheng-Hong , Bender Timothy P.
Published: February 2021

The relative impact of position and type of halogens on the boron subphthalocyanine periphery has been established as well as their ability to form mixed alloys and the impact on organic electronic properties utilizing organic solar cell base data.
A novel multi-omics-based highly accurate prediction of symptoms, comorbid conditions, and possible long-term complications of COVID-19
Authors: Barh Debmalya , Tiwari Sandeep , Andrade Bruno Silva , Weener Marianna E. , Góes-Neto Aristóteles , Azevedo Vasco , Ghosh Preetam , Blum Kenneth , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar
Published: February 2021

Comprehensive clinical pictures, comorbid conditions, and long-term health complications of COVID-19.
Microfluidic synthesis of protein-loaded nanogels in a coaxial flow reactor using a design of experiments approach
Authors: Whiteley Zoe , Ho Hei Ming Kenneth , Gan Yee Xin , Panariello Luca , Gkogkos Georgios , Gavriilidis Asterios , Craig Duncan Q. M.
Published: February 2021

A coaxial flow reactor is used to develop lysozyme-loaded nanogels, optimisedviaa design of experiments approach.
Theoretical insights into the diffusion mechanism of alkali ions in Ruddlesden–Popper antiperovskites
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Chen Cui , Li Huan , Zhang Wenrui
Published: February 2021

The diffusion properties of alkali ions in a series of RP antiperovskites are investigated by density functional theory, which provides a theoretical guide for enhancing the ionic conductivity of solid-state antiperovskite electrolytes.
Design of an n-type low glass transition temperature radical polymer
Authors: Chi Teng , Akkiraju Siddhartha , Liang Zihao , Tan Ying , Kim Ho Joong , Zhao Xikang , Savoie Brett M. , Boudouris Bryan W.
Published: February 2021

We document the design, synthesis, and characterization of the first low glass transition temperature, n-type (i.e., preferentially-reduced) radical polymer.
Elucidating preparation-structure relationships for the morphology evolution during the RAFT dispersion polymerization of N-acryloyl thiomorpholine
Authors: Sobotta Fabian H. , Kuchenbrod Maren T. , Grune Christian , Fischer Dagmar , Hoeppener Stephanie , Brendel Johannes C.
Published: February 2021

Depending on the conditions, nearly monodisperse spherical micelles or complex morphologies are formed during a polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) process based on the water-soluble monomer N-acryloylthiomorpholine.
A switchable dimeric yttrium complex and its three catalytic states in ring opening polymerization
Authors: Deng Shijie , Diaconescu Paula L.
Published: February 2021

A dimeric yttrium phenoxide complex can be oxidized in a stepwise fashion to access three oxidation states. The three states show different activity in the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters and epoxides.
The recent progress and perspectives on metal- and covalent-organic framework based solid-state electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Huang Wen-Huan , Li Xi-Ming , Yang Xiu-Fang , Zhang Xing-Xing , Wang Hai-Hua , Wang Hong
Published: February 2021

In this review, the recent progress and prospects of MOF-/COF-based SSEs will be systematically introduced, and some unique materials with specific characteristics or high conducting properties of other metal ions will also be highlighted.
Desymmetrised pentaporphyrinic gears mounted on metallo-organic anchors
Authors: Abid Seifallah , Gisbert Yohan , Kojima Mitsuru , Saffon-Merceron Nathalie , Cuny Jérôme , Kammerer Claire , Rapenne Gwénaël
Published: February 2021

Star-shaped cogwheel prototypes incorporating one sterically- or chemically-labelled porphyrinic paddle were designed and synthesised with the aim of achieving intermolecular gearing on surfaces.
Supercritical water gasification of wet biomass residues from farming and food production practices: lab-scale experiments and comparison of different modelling approaches
Authors: Moghaddam Elyas M. , Goel Avishek , Siedlecki Marcin , Michalska Karin , Yakaboylu Onursal , de Jong Wiebren
Published: February 2021

Supercritical Water Gasification is a promising approach to convert biogenic residues such as cattle manure, fruit/vegetable waste, and cheese whey into valuable biofuels.
Fluctuations can induce local nematic order and extensile stress in monolayers of motile cells
Authors: Vafa Farzan , Bowick Mark J. , Shraiman Boris I. , Marchetti M. Cristina
Published: February 2021

The combination of cells preferentially crawling along the nematic axis and fluctuating traction forces spontaneously generates local nematic order and extensile stress.
Effect of stretching angle on the stress plateau behavior of main-chain liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Okamoto Suzuka , Sakurai Shinichi , Urayama Kenji
Published: February 2021

Stretching angle for a main-chain liquid crystal elastomer has pronounced effects on the width of the stress plateau as well as the ultimate elongation, while it has no effect on the plateau height.
A novel all-3D-printed thread-based microfluidic device with an embedded electrochemical detector: first application in environmental analysis of nitrite
Authors: Carvalho Rayan Marcel , Ferreira Valdir Souza , Lucca Bruno Gabriel
Published: February 2021

A fully 3D-printed microfluidic thread-based device containing an embedded electrochemical detector is first reported. A green method based on microflow injection analysis for sensing of nitrite ions in environmental samples is also first presented.
A versatile switchable dual-modal colorimetric and photoelectrochemical biosensing strategy via light-controlled sway of a signal-output transverter
Authors: Zhu Lingling , Wei Tianxiang , Yu Renzhong , Tu Wenwen , Dai Zhihui
Published: February 2021

A design criterion to construct a versatile dual-modal colorimetric and PEC biosensing platform for switching the corresponding mode freely is proposed via integration of a natural enzyme, nanozyme and swayable signal-output transverter.
Harnessing affinity-based protein profiling to reveal a novel target of nintedanib
Authors: Chen Xiong , Li Menglin , Li Manru , Wang Dongmei , Zhang Jinlan
Published: February 2021

We identified tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 (TPP1) as one of the direct targets of nintedanib (NDNB) employing clickable photoaffinity probes, which provides insights into the functional meaning of the well-known IPF therapeutic drug.
Unprecedented high selectivity of n-hexane dehydroaromatization to benzene over metal-free phosphorus-doped activated carbon catalysts
Authors: Li Yong , Bao Shuhao , Zhao Hong , Feng Bing , Chen Siyuan , Gu Tangjie , Yang Bo , Jiang Biao
Published: February 2021

Phosphorus-doped activated carbon is reported for the first time as a highly selective catalyst for n-hexane dehydroaromatization to benzene and hydrogen with 100% n-hexane conversion and 97% benzene selectivity.
Frenkel defects promote polaronic exciton dissociation in methylammonium lead iodide perovskites
Authors: Guan Yuhan , Zhang Xu , Nan Guangjun
Published: February 2021

Interactive Frenkel defects promote spatial separation of electron–hole pairs in CH3NH3PbI3 owing to light-triggered charge transfer by Frenkel defects.
Festschrift for Peter Toennies – New horizons in the dynamics of molecules: from gases to surfaces
Authors: Benedek Giorgio , Manson Joseph R. , Miret-Artés Salvador
Published: February 2021

This Festschrift issue for Peter Toennies includes a collection of articles on new horizons in the dynamics of molecules: from gases to surfaces.
Influence of stacking on the aqueous proton penetration behaviour across two-dimensional graphtetrayne
Authors: Ying Zhixuan , Gao Yushuan , Meng Yongpeng , Cheng Yonghong , Shi Le
Published: February 2021

Double-layer stacked graphtetrayne could provide a low-barrier path for proton conduction, while the penetration energy through a triple-layer is prohibitive at room temperature.
Terpenoid-derived conjugated dienes with exo-methylene and a 6-membered ring: high cationic reactivity, regioselective living cationic polymerization, and random and block copolymerization with vinyl ethers
Authors: Nishida Takenori , Satoh Kotaro , Tamura Masazumi , Li Yingai , Tomishige Keiichi , Caillol Sylvain , Ladmiral Vincent , Vayer Marylène , Mahut Frédéric , Sinturel Christophe , Kamigaito Masami
Published: February 2021

Biobased exo-methylene-conjugated dienes underwent regioselective living cationic polymerization to result in well-defined homo- and copolymers with good thermal properties.
Insights into the chiral sulfide/selenide-catalyzed electrophilic carbothiolation of alkynes: mechanism and origin of axial chirality
Authors: Zhang Qiao-Yu , Li Shi-Jun , Wang Yang , Song Jinshuai , Lan Yu , Wei Donghui
Published: February 2021

The FMO overlap mode, ELF, and AIM analyses along the formation process of thiiranium ion intermediate have been performed for the first time to explore the nature of the electronic structural changes and origin of stereoselectivity.
Correction: Synthesis, crystal structure and antibacterial studies of dihydropyrimidines and their regioselectively oxidized products
Authors: Huseynzada Alakbar E. , Jelsch Christian , Akhundzada Haji Vahid N. , Soudani Sarra , Ben Nasr Cherif , Israyilova Aygun , Doria Filippo , Hasanova Ulviyya A. , Khankishiyeva Rana F. , Freccero Mauro
Published: February 2021

Correction for ‘Synthesis, crystal structure and antibacterial studies of dihydropyrimidines and their regioselectively oxidized products’ by Alakbar E. Huseynzada et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 6312–6329, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA10255E.
Isomer-dependent catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of the lignin model compounds catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone
Authors: Pan Zeyou , Puente-Urbina Allen , Bodi Andras , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. , Hemberger Patrick
Published: February 2021

Detection of reactive intermediates with synchrotron radiation and photoelectron photoion coincidence methods reveals new mechanistic insights into lignin catalytic pyrolysis. Here we focus on how the isomerism changes the conversion and product formation.
Selective ion transport through three-dimensionally interconnected nanopores of quaternized block copolymer membranes for energy harvesting application
Authors: Koo Ja-Min , Park Chul Ho , Yoo Seungmin , Lee Gyeong Won , Yang Seung Yun , Kim Joo Hyun , Yoo Seong Il
Published: February 2021

Ion-selective nanoporous block copolymer membrane was prepared to extract electrical energy from the concentration gradient in aqueous solutions.
Direct measurement and modeling of spontaneous charge migration across anatase–brookite nanoheterojunctions
Authors: Lo Presti Leonardo , Pifferi Valentina , Di Liberto Giovanni , Cappelletti Giuseppe , Falciola Luigi , Cerrato Giuseppina , Ceotto Michele
Published: February 2021

A change of view for anatase/brookite 2D-heterojunctions into 3D patchworks of intimately associated mixed crystallites allows us to model the interphase as a nanocapacitor able to facilitate charge separation and photocatalysis.
Rapid build-up of high-throughput screening microarrays with biochemistry gradients via light-induced thiol–ene “click” chemistry
Authors: Hao Hongye , Huang Junjie , Liu Ping , Xue Yunfan , Wang Jing , Ren Kefeng , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian , Greiner A. , Agarwal S.
Published: February 2021

Microarrays with biochemistry gradients were rapidly fabricated via light-induced thiol–ene “click” chemistry and showed great applicability in cell behaviors screening.
Direct Z-scheme Sn-In2O3/In2S3 heterojunction nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity
Authors: Ma Yinyi , Zhang Zemin , Jiang Xiao , Sun Rongke , Xie Mingzheng , Han Weihua
Published: February 2021

We successfully designed and prepared a Sn-In2O3/In2S3 composite photocatalyst with high heterojunction interface quality, which realized Z-scheme photocarrier transfer and high-efficiency photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.
A chiral single-component sol–gel platform with highly integrated optical properties
Authors: Wu Bin , Wu Hongwei , Gong Yifan , Li Anze , Jia Xiaoyong , Zhu Liangliang
Published: February 2021

An enantiomeric pair of luminescent gelators covalently-conjugated with hexathiobenzene and glutamic acid derivatives was designed.
Two‐time scale reinforcement learning and applications to production planning
Authors: Zhang Qing , Yin Gang George , Wang Le Yi
Published: February 2021

This study is concerned with reinforcement learning enhanced by two‐time scale approximations. Many systems arising in applications are large and complex. To treat these problems, it is often beneficial, and sometimes necessary, to reduce the dimensionality and aggregate states that are ‘close’ to each other. In this study, the authors propose a two‐time scale reinforcement learning method for such an aggregation process. In particular, they present how to classify states that are ‘close’ and demonstrate the effectiveness of the authors' state aggregation based two‐time scale methods. Thus the problem can be considered as using learning for identifying the system. A production planning problem with failure‐prone machines is used throughout this study to illustrate the main ideas, key steps and results. Monte Carlo simulations are used to generate the random environment.
PQ chart: a real‐time situational awareness tool for transmission lines
Authors: Murali Priyanka , Soman Shreevardhan A.
Published: February 2021

A tool to visualise real‐time phasor measurement unit (PMU) data of a transmission line is proposed, named PQ chart. It is a simple and intuitive visualisation aid for operator situational awareness. The use of PMU data helps in capturing both steady‐state and dynamic behavioural aspects of the transmission line. The tool is based on basic active and reactive power equations of a transmission line. The locus of active and reactive power flow corresponds to a circle in which the radius depends on voltage regulation. If the circle is imagined as a wheel, then the spokes of it correspond to the voltage angular difference across the transmission line. The PMU data is plotted on this canvas and its progression in time is observed. The occurrence of power swings, angular and voltage instabilities lead to a trajectory on the chart. A system operator can be alerted when any such movement occurs. The tool provides a single view from which deciphering active power flow, reactive power flow, voltage regulation, and voltage angle difference across a line becomes easy for the operator. Case studies with PMU data of 400 kV transmission lines in the Indian grid are presented to illustrate the tool's capabilities.
Data‐driven robust planning of electric vehicle charging infrastructure for urban residential car parks
Authors: Yan Ziming , Zhao Tianyang , Xu Yan , Koh Leong Hai , Go Jonathan , Liaw Wee Lin
Published: February 2021

The number of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to grow significantly, which calls for effective planning of charging infrastructures. While the planning of the charging infrastructure relies on an accurate charging demands, the behaviours of EVs charging are not always predictable and can be sensitive to many uncertain future environmental factors. Considering such uncertainties, this study aims to robustly and optimally determine the chargers and main switch board (MSB) capacities without violating queuing time constraints and load flow constraints. The non‐parametric estimations of charging demands are derived with data‐driven charging behaviour analysis considering diverse social factors, including travelling patterns, queuing, and changes of charging facilities. Then, the impacts of the EV integration are modeled by a stochastic load flow program. The samples of the stochastic load flow stipulate the conditional value‐at‐risk constraints for the planning of chargers and MSBs, which consider the probabilities and scenarios in a box of ambiguity with bounds. Afterwards, by limiting the frequency and severity of constraints violation, the total investment cost is minimized with a distributionally robust optimisation program. Simulation based on a real‐world residential community in Singapore is carried out to testify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Methodology of solution for the distribution network reconfiguration problem based on improved harmony search algorithm
Authors: dos Santos Murillo Vieira , Brigatto Gelson A. , Garcés Lina P.
Published: February 2021

The topology of power distribution systems can be modified by altering the status of sectional and tie switches for load management and protection, while maintaining the required network radiality. Several effective optimisation algorithms and graph theory‐based techniques for system radiality detection have been proposed in specialised literature to solve the distribution network reconfiguration problem, usually seeking to achieve power loss reductions and voltage profile improvements. This work aims to contribute to this line of research and its novelties are composed of proposing as solution method a methodology based in an enhanced version of harmony search metaheuristic called improved harmony search algorithm, and a new simple and effective system impedance matrix based process to detect islanding of nodes as a strategy to meet radiality constraint. The proposed methodologies were applied to 33‐bus, 84‐bus and 118‐bus distribution networks known from technical literature, aiming to total active power loss minimisation. As comparison between methods, a key focus in analysis of results is related to discuss some advantages and effectiveness of improved harmony search over original harmony search algorithm to attain optimal radial topologies.
Current sensor fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control for single‐phase PWM rectifier based on a hybrid model‐based and data‐driven method
Authors: Xia Yang , Xu Yan , Gou Bin
Published: February 2021

In this study, a hybrid model‐based and data‐driven method is proposed for the current sensor fault diagnosis used in single‐phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier. According to the principle of model‐based methods, the proposed diagnostic method is based on signal prediction and residual generation. Differently, instead of a mathematical model, the signal prediction model is developed based on a data‐driven method. Non‐linear autoregressive exogenous learning model, randomised learning technique, and extreme learning machine are utilised to generate the data‐driven prediction model. Once the fault is detected, fault‐tolerant control is activated by substituting the predicted signal for the information of faulty sensors. The offline test shows that the proposed method is able to predict the sensor signal accurately with the root mean square error of 4.276 × 10−5. In addition, hardware‐in‐the‐loop tests are conducted to verify the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method in the real‐time application.
Multi‐resonator arrays for smart wireless power distribution: comparison with experimental assessment
Authors: Mirbozorgi S. Abdollah , Maghsoudloo Esmaeel , Bahrami Hadi , Sawan Mohamad , Gosselin Benoit
Published: February 2021

This study presents the design of efficient wireless power distribution systems based on resonant inductive arrays. The authors show how to use multi‐resonator arrays to charge and power up several electric devices in parallel, with nearly constant transmitted power, and using a single power source. Their single‐source wireless power transmission clusters, for instance, are shown to provide free positioning at better power efficiency than previous solutions. They provide analysis, simulation, and measurement performance of their multi‐resonator arrays, they compare them with other types of inductive arrays employed into different schemes (multi‐coil inductive links, overlapping and non‐overlapping links), and they show the advantage of their strategy over previous solutions. The presented wireless power distribution systems improve power transmission efficiency (PTE) in free positioning by as much as 30%. The measured results show that their multi‐resonator arrays present significant advantages: (i) they allow multiple charging zones from a single power source; (ii) they provide free positioning with strictly uniform power delivered to the load; and (iii) they provide superior efficiency through a built‐in power localization mechanism, which is not available in other solutions. The PTE of the multi‐resonator array in single‐receiver and multi‐receiver configurations outperformed previous solutions by 26% and 12%, respectively.
Three‐phase efficient resonant‐pole inverter without auxiliary switches
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wang Youzheng
Published: February 2021

In order to optimise, the operating efficiency of the three‐phase inverter, a new three‐phase efficient resonant‐pole inverter without auxiliary switches is presented. A set of auxiliary circuits without auxiliary switches is set on each phase bridge arm. When the auxiliary circuit works in the inverter commutation process, the main switch device on the bridge arm can achieve zero‐current turn‐on and zero‐voltage turn‐off, and the efficiency of the inverter can be improved by reducing the switching loss. Furthermore, there are no auxiliary switches in the auxiliary circuit, which is conducive to limiting the hardware cost of the auxiliary circuit and improving the reliability of the inverter. This study analyses the working mode of the circuit and the realisation condition of soft switching. The experimental results on the 3 kW prototype indicate that the switching device is in the state of soft switching, and the efficiency of the prototype at the rated output power is equal to 98.9%, which is more than that of other similar soft‐switching inverters. Consequently, the presented topology is significant for the research and development of efficient three‐phase inverters.
Modified Sandia voltage shift anti‐islanding scheme for distributed power generator systems
Authors: Vazquez Erick , Vazquez Nimrod , Femat Ricardo
Published: February 2021

This study presents an active anti‐islanding technique for distributed power generator systems. The proposed scheme is based on the Sandia voltage shift (SVS) technique, which is characterised by a small non‐detection zone (NDZ) and by an acceptable solution to the trade‐off between the output power quality and the effectiveness of islanding detection. The proposed technique has the advantage to improve the NDZ and to reduce the anti‐islanding detection times. This is due to the exponential‐product modification made in the positive feedback to inject current, thereby making the response faster than SVS. Additionally, a self‐adaptive gain is considered to achieve a low total harmonic distortion at different power levels. Moreover, the proposed scheme has been validated with theoretical and numerical analysis and experimental results. Finally, the behaviour and performance of the proposed technique are compared with other recent techniques.
Optimal compensation control of railway co‐phase traction power supply integrated with renewable energy based on NSGA‐II
Authors: Xing Chen , Li Kang , Zhang Li , Li Wei
Published: February 2021

In railway traction power supply, co‐phase system with hybrid power quality conditioner (HPQC) is capable of tackling the power quality issues caused by single‐phase traction loads. To further reduce the overall carbon emissions in railway systems, this paper considers to integrate the renewable energy with railway power supply, which however leads to a more complicated system to model, design and control. This paper first investigates its modelling aspect. To reduce the operating capacity of HPQC while addressing the power unbalance, optimal design of the compensation scheme for co‐phase system is formulated as a multi‐objective optimization problem which is then solved by the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II). To eliminate the impact of errors arising from imperfect predictions of the loads and renewable power, a hybrid optimal compensation control is proposed, yielding full and optimal compensations. Comprehensive simulation studies, considering three operation modes covering variable traction loads, renewable and regenerative braking power, are conducted. The simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed optimal compensation scheme, achieving an average of more than 20% reduction in HPQC capacity compared to the full compensation scheme. Meanwhile, the power quality requirement is satisfied, even in the presence of real‐time prediction errors.
Integrated pricing framework for optimal power and semi‐dynamic traffic flow problem
Authors: Zhou Zhe , Zhang Xuan , Guo Qinglai , Sun Hongbin
Published: February 2021

Large‐scale fast charging of electric vehicles inextricably entwines the operation of power and transportation systems. This study examines the integrated pricing of electricity and roads to maximise the social welfare associated with the coupled systems, i.e. minimising the total travel time and energy generation costs. While electric demand and transportation network conditions vary significantly over the day, most of the work, however, considers only static network flows for a single time period. This study proposes a multi‐period integrated pricing model that can describe the variations of electricity and travel demands. Specifically, the distribution of traffic flows is characterised by a semi‐dynamic traffic assignment model to consider flow propagation between adjacent time periods. To determine the optimal prices of electricity and road tolls, a marginal‐cost pricing scheme based on the first‐best tolls and locational marginal prices is developed. Mathematically, the multi‐period pricing model is formulated as a convex optimisation problem. Moreover, a decentralised collaborative pricing framework is developed for independent power and transportation system operators to attain the optimal pricing strategies. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the pricing method.
Design of an individual pitch controller for offshore wind turbines based on neuro‐adaptive control
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Lei , Ke Jianbo , Fan Zeng , Chen Jiawei , Yang Wenxian
Published: February 2021

For large offshore wind turbines, pitch control is usually used for regulating generated power to the rated value and for mitigating the dynamic loads that at the wind speeds above the rated speeds. However, tracking the pitch angle accurately and quickly can hardly be realised due to complex operating environments, uncertain system parameters, various disturbances, and coupled effects between wind, wave, and turbine structure. In this study, an individual pitch control system based on a neural adaptive strategy is proposed to address the problems related to uncertain system parameters and various disturbances. The proposed control method can achieve zero error tracking for the pitch angle in a predefined finite time. The design and stability analysis for the proposed method is elaborated. A simulation model is established in Matlab/Simulink, and by comparing it with the traditional proportional–integral–derivative control method, the merit of the proposed control scheme is verified.
Phase-field dynamics with transfer of materials: The Cahn–Hilliard equation with reaction rate dependent dynamic boundary conditions
Authors: Knopf Patrik , Lam Kei Fong , Liu Chun , Metzger Stefan
Published: February 2021

The Cahn–Hilliard equation is one of the most common models to describe phase separation processes of a mixture of two materials. For a better description of short-range interactions between the material and the boundary, various dynamic boundary conditions for the Cahn–Hilliard equation have been proposed and investigated in recent times. Of particular interests are the model by Goldstein et al. [Phys. D 240 (2011) 754–766] and the model by Liu and Wu [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 233 (2019) 167–247]. Both of these models satisfy similar physical properties but differ greatly in their mass conservation behaviour. In this paper we introduce a new model which interpolates between these previous models, and investigate analytical properties such as the existence of unique solutions and convergence to the previous models mentioned above in both the weak and the strong sense. For the strong convergences we also establish rates in terms of the interpolation parameter, which are supported by numerical simulations obtained from a fully discrete, unconditionally stable and convergent finite element scheme for the new interpolation model.
Nephrologische Pflege bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Taylan Christina , Weber Lutz T.
Published: February 2021

Pflege in der Kindernephrologie ist komplex und geht weit über rein pflegerische Maßnahmen hinaus. Aus diesem Grund kann Pflege in der Kindernephrologie aber zu einer außerordentlichen beruflichen Zufriedenheit führen. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellt die Beschäftigung mit einer Patientengruppe dar, die einer beeinträchtigenden körperlichen und insbesondere auch psychomentalen Entwicklung unterworfen ist und die über weite Strecken die Betreuung der gesamten Familie einschließt. Die meisten Nierenerkrankungen, die zu einem chronischen Nierenfunktionsverlust führen, sind seltene Erkrankungen. Jeder Patient ist schon allein daher etwas ganz Besonderes. Aus Sicht der Kindernephrologie wäre es sehr wünschenswert, dass die spezifische Ausbildung in der Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflege erhalten bleibt.
Was wissen Sie über …Grundsätze in der Heilpraktikerpraxis?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: February 2021

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Wissensquiz-Fragen mit Grundsätzen in der Heilpraktikerpraxis.
Patient Empowerment in Zeiten einer zunehmend digitalisierten
Medizin
Authors: Zipfel Stephan , Schäffeler Norbert , Stengel Andreas
Published: February 2021

Der Bereich des „Patient Empowerment“ befasst sich mit dem
ergänzenden, aber auch eigenständigen Beitrag der PatientInnen zur
Genesung – nicht als Konkurrenz, sondern als Ergänzung und
Erweiterung zu dem Leistungsspektrum der Medizin. Initial wurde der Begriff etwa um
das Jahr 2000 populär, insbesondere wurde dieser früh von
Patienteninitiativen im Bereich der Krebstherapie benutzt. Ein zentraler Bestandteil
des Patient Empowerment ist es dabei, den PatientInnen durch
patientenorientierte Information eine bessere Mitwirkung und somit auch
Mitentscheidung zu ermöglichen. Die WHO (WHO-Dokument „World
Alliance of Patient Safety“) definiert Patient Empowerment als
integralen Bestandteil von Programmen zur Verbesserung der Patientensicherheit 1
2.
Prävention postoperativer Wundinfektionen
Authors: Fritz Eva
Published: February 2021

Für den OP-Bereich hat die KRINKO in 2018 eine Neufassung ihrer Empfehlungen zur Prävention postoperativer Wundinfektionen veröffentlicht. Darin wurde die Hygiene in diesem sensiblen Bereich sehr umfassend aktualisiert. Unsere Autorin vom Deutschen Beratungszentrum für Hygiene fasst die wichtigsten Maßnahmen der Standardhygiene zusammen. Außerdem regt sie dazu an, übliche Arbeitsabläufe oder Vorgehensweisen zu überprüfen, um den täglichen Arbeitsprozess im OP auf dem hygienisch aktuellen Stand zu halten.
Die bayerische Zitrone
Authors: Stumpf Ursula
Published: February 2021

Meerrettich – auch bayerische Zitrone genannt – spielte vom Mittelalter bis in die Neuzeit als Heilmittel eine wichtige Rolle.
Hypertriglyzeridämie mit Pankreatitis
Authors: Klingel Reinhard , Heibges Andreas , Fassbender Cordula
Published: February 2021

Insbesondere die schwere Hypertriglyzeridämie (SHTG) führt zu einem erhöhten Risiko für eine besonders schwer verlaufende Pankreatitis. In der Akutsituation einer SHTG-Pankreatitis müssen die Triglyzeride sehr rasch gesenkt werden, um einen weiteren Organschaden zu verhindern. Mithilfe der therapeutischen Apherese in Form des Plasmaaustausches oder der Doppelfiltrations-Plasmapherese (DFPP) gelingt dies effektiv und sicher. Für Patienten mit rezidivierender SHTG-Pankreatitis kann eine Langzeittherapie mit Apherese zusätzlich zu Diät, Lebensstilmaßnahmen und medikamentöser Therapie ein wichtiges Therapiemodul zur Prävention erneuter Ereignisse sein. In der Schwangerschaft ist jede zweite Pankreatitis durch zu hohe Triglyzeride verursacht. Bei fortbestehender Fettstoffwechselstörung kann die therapeutische Apherese eine Therapieoption sein, um ein solches für den Fötus und die Mutter lebensbedrohliches Ereignis zu verhindern.
Standardisierung im HNO-OP
Authors: Cem Bulut Olcay , Weber Aliki , Kary Alexander , Lippert Burkard M.
Published: February 2021

Standardisierung im OP-Saal hat viele Vorteile: Sie vereinfacht die Zusammenarbeit im Team, erhöht die Operationsqualität und Patientensicherheit. Der Surgical Procedere Manager ist ein Software-Instrument, das dabei unterstützen kann. Unsere Autoren von der Heilbronner SLK-Klinik Am Gesundbrunnen berichten über ihre Erfahrungen mit dem Tool.
Schutz vor SARS-CoV-2 im OP-Alltag
Authors: Hagenbrock Indra
Published: February 2021

Wie verhalte ich mich, wenn ein Patient auf dem OP-Tisch liegt, der mit SARS-CoV-2 infiziert sein könnte? Damit Sie auch während der Pandemie gut geschützt sind, hat unsere Autorin die wichtigsten Empfehlungen zu Schutzmasken, zum An- und Ablegen der Schutzausrüstung, zum Transport des Patienten und zum richtigen Verhalten während der OP zusammengefasst.
Impact of first wave of COVID-19 on outcomes of hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Hong Kong: a population-based study
Authors: Lui Thomas K.L. , Tsui Vivien W.M. , Leung Wai K.
Published: February 2021

Background and study aims The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a major disruption in the healthcare system. This study determined the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 on the number and outcome of patients hospitalized for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in Hong Kong.

Patients and methods Records of all patients hospitalized for UGIB in Hong Kong public hospitals between October 2018 and June 2020 were retrieved. The number and characteristics of patients hospitalized for UGIB after COVID-19 was compared by autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model prediction and historical cohort.

Results Since the first local case of COVID-19, there was an initial drop in UGIB hospitalizations (observed 29.8 vs predicted 35.5 per week; P = 0.05) followed by a rebound (39.8 vs 26.7 per week; P < 0.01) with a turning point at week 14 (Petitt’s test, P < 0.001). There was a negative association between the number of COVID-19 cases and the number of patients hospitalized for UGIB (Pearson correlation –0.53, P < 0.001). Patients admitted after the outbreak of COVID-19 had lower hemoglobin (7.5 vs baseline 8.3 g/dL; P < 0.01) and a greater need for blood transfusion (64.5 % vs baseline 50.4 %; P < 0.01), but similar rates of all-cause mortality (6.9 % vs 7.1 %; P = 0.82) and rebleeding (6.7 % vs 5.1 %; P = 0.11). There was also a higher proportion of patients with variceal bleeding (10.5 % vs baseline 5.3 %; P < 0 .01).

Conclusions There was a dynamic change in the number of patients hospitalized for UGIB in Hong Kong during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak, with more obvious impact during the initial phase only.
Zephalgien multipragmatisch begegnen
Authors: Jahn Claus
Published: February 2021

Die Patientin dieses Fallberichts litt schon seit ihrer Kindheit an Kopfschmerzattacken und war aufgrund ihrer Symptomatik mit 32 Jahren bereits Frührentnerin. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat die Patientin wegen ihres Leidens erfolglos zahlreiche Diagnose-, Analyse und Behandlungsmethoden durchlaufen. Eine Kombination von klassischen Naturheilverfahren mit Milieuveränderung, symptombezogener Medikation, Ausleitung und Ordnungstherapie konnte die Kopfschmerzen der Patientin auf ein deutlich geringeres Maß senken.
Master Series Microsurgery for Residents: Results from a Comprehensive Survey of a Multitudinous Online Course during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Santamaría Eric , Nahás-Combina Luciano , Altamirano-Arcos Carlos , Vargas-Flores Edgar
Published: February 2021

Background Since COVID-19 emerged, it has significantly affected medical education. Surgical training has been blocked and the learning curve flattened. However, COVID-19 led to the outbreak of multitudinous online courses. Master series: microsurgery for residents (MSMR) has been the most extensive and accessible online nonfee course transmitted so far regarding reconstructive microsurgery. The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of the MSMR in the surgical community as an international educational tool during pandemic confinement.

Methods A retrospective, observational, analytic, and transversal study was designed. An 11-item survey was sent to all the 1,513 attendees who completed at least 60% of course attendance during 2 days. Descriptive and analytic statistics were performed. The impact was measured by considering answers to questions 6 to 9 and 11 (course usefulness, microsurgery interest increase, desire to pursue a microsurgical career, attendance to in-person conferences, and overall score, respectively).

Results A total of 1,111 (73.4%) of eligible subjects were included. In total, 55.8% were plastic surgery residents. After the course, 98.9% would pursue a career in reconstructive microsurgery, and 45% would stop attending in-person conferences. The overall score of the event was 9.06 ± 0.9 (from 0 to 10) regardless of the current training status.

Conclusion The MSMR was a high impact course and has established a paradigm shift that will lead to an evolution in plastic surgery learning.
Central Venous Catheter-Related Infectious Complications in Pediatric Surgical Patients: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Haldar Rudrashish , Mandelia Ankur , Mishra Prabhaker , Mishra Ashwani , Siddiqui Yousuf
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to estimate the rate of central venous catheter (CVC) colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in pediatric surgical patients at our institute and to determine the various risk factors for their occurrence. The electronic medical records of 260 children undergoing surgery with simultaneous CVC insertion were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographics, primary organ system involved, site of CVC, CVC dwell time, CVC colonization, CRBSI, and organisms isolated on culture were collated, categorized, and analyzed. The rate of CVC colonization and CRBSI was 32.8 per 1,000 catheter days (19.6%) and 17.4 per 1,000 catheter days (10.4%), respectively. Patients with CVC colonization and CRBSI had a significantly higher proportion of patients younger than 1 year of age (p = 0.014). The CVC dwell time was significantly higher in both CVC colonization (7 [5–8] days) and CRBSI (6 [5–9] days) patients (p = 0.005). The frequency of femoral catheterization was significantly higher in patients with CRBSI and CVC colonization (p < 0.001). Coagulase negative staphylococcus was the commonest isolate in CVC infections. Age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.87; p = 0.009), CVC dwell time (adjusted OR = 1.28; p = 0.003), and femoral CVC (adjusted OR = 9.61; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for CRBSI. Conclusion: This study reveals important observations regarding the infectious complications of CVC in pediatric surgical patients. The rates of CVC colonization and CRBSI in this study were found to be higher as compared with previously reported rates in Western literature. However, these findings are significant in view of paucity of existing literature in pediatric surgical patients. In our study, higher risk of CRBSI was associated with younger age, increasing CVC dwell time, and femoral venous catheterization. We recommend strict compliance with CVC insertion and maintenance practices and adherence to CVC care bundles to minimize these serious complications.
Acoustic holograms selectively direct cavitation energy
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: February 2021

By being able to selectively focus ultrasound energy on any arbitrary geometry, acoustic holograms can direct ultrasound energy in custom patterns to samples or tissues.
Development of a density-tapered capillary gas cell for laser wakefield acceleration
Authors: Kim J. , Phung V. L. J. , Roh K. , Kim M. , Kang K. , Suk H.
Published: February 2021

A capillary gas cell for laser wakefield acceleration was developed with the aid of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. The gas cell was specially designed to provide upward density tapering in the longitudinal direction, which is expected to suppress the dephasing problem in laser wakefield acceleration by keeping the accelerated electrons in the acceleration phase of the wake wave. The density-tapered capillary gas cell was fabricated by sapphire plates, and its performance characteristics were tested. The capillary gas cell was filled with a few hundred millibars of hydrogen gas, and a Ti:sapphire laser pulse with a peak power of 3.8 TW and a pulse duration of 40 fs (full width at half maximum) was sent through the capillary hole, which has a length of 7 mm and a square cross section of 350 × 350 µm2. The laser-produced hydrogen plasma in the capillary hole was then diagnosed two-dimensionally by using a transverse Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The capillary gas cell was found to provide an upward plasma density tapering in the range of 1018 cm−3–1019 cm−3, which has a potential to enhance the electron beam energy in laser wakefield acceleration experiments.
The existence of full-dimensional invariant tori for an almost-periodically forced nonlinear beam equation
Authors: Liu Shujuan , Shi Guanghua
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we prove the existence of full-dimensional invariant tori for a non-autonomous, almost-periodically forced nonlinear beam equation with a periodic boundary condition via Kolmogorov–Arnold–MoserAM theory.
Quasi mono-energetic heavy ion acceleration from layered targets
Authors: Bagchi Suman , Tayyab Mohammad , Pasley John , Robinson A. P. L. , Nayak Maheshwar , Chakera Juzer Ali
Published: February 2021

In the present work, we demonstrate acceleration of quasi monoenergetic heavy ions during the interaction of a high-intensity short-pulse laser with multi-layer targets. The targets, consisting of layers of high-Z (gold) and low-Z (carbon) species a few nm thick, have been used to tailor the energy spectra of the high-Z ion species. Au-ion bunches of energy around 500 keV with an energy spread of less than 20% are observed. Particle-in-cell simulations provide explanation for a number of features of the experimental observations. Several behaviors, in addition to the expected sheath-field acceleration, were found to be involved. It is found that the Au layer is pistoned outward by the underlying Si substrate whilst simultaneously being tamped at its leading edge by the carbon overlay. The simulations show best agreement with the experiments when the carbon layer is first rarefied by the laser prepulse. In these cases, the simulations reproduce the double-humped spectra found in the experiment. Ion-electrostatic instabilities rapidly lead to the formation of a single trapping-like structure in phase space of relatively long wavelength. This long-lived structure dominates the ion acceleration and produces a double-peaked energy spectrum. It is suggested that the instability responsible may be of the Pierce-type.
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry of particle emission during irradiation with slow, highly charged ions
Authors: Skopinski L. , Ernst P. , Herder M. , Kozubek R. , Madauß L. , Sleziona S. , Maas A. , Königstein N. , Lebius H. , Wucher A. , Schleberger M.
Published: February 2021

We describe a setup for the analysis of secondary ions and neutrals emitted from solid surfaces and two-dimensional materials during irradiation with highly charged ions. The ultrahigh vacuum setup consists of an electron beam ion source to produce bunches of ions with various charge states q (e.g., Xe1+–Xe46+) and thus potential energies, a deceleration/acceleration section to tune the kinetic energy of the ions in the range of 5 keV to 20 × q keV, a sample stage for laser-cleaning and positioning of freestanding as well as supported samples, a pulsed excimer laser for post-ionization of sputtered neutrals, and a reflectron type time-of-flight mass spectrometer, enabling us to analyze mass and velocity distributions of the emitted particles. With our setup, contributions from potential and kinetic energy deposition can be studied independently of each other. Charge dependent experiments conducted at a constant kinetic energy show a clear threshold for the emission of secondary ions from SrTiO3. Data taken with the same projectile charge state, but at a different kinetic energy, reveal a difference in the ratio of emitted particles from MoS2. In addition, first results are presented, demonstrating how velocity distributions can be measured with the new setup.
The Eulerian variational formulation of the gyrokinetic system in general spatial coordinates
Authors: Sugama H. , Matsuoka S. , Nunami M. , Satake S.
Published: February 2021

The Eulerian variational formulation of the gyrokinetic system with electrostatic turbulence is presented in general spatial coordinates by extending our previous work [H. Sugama et al., Phys. Plasmas 25, 102506 (2018)]. The invariance of the Lagrangian of the system under an arbitrary spatial coordinate transformation is used to derive the local momentum balance equation satisfied by the gyrocenter distribution functions and the turbulent potential, which are given as solutions of the governing equations. In the symmetric background magnetic field, the derived local momentum balance equation gives rise to the local momentum conservation law in the direction of symmetry. This derivation is in contrast to the conventional method using the spatial translation in which the asymmetric canonical pressure tensor generally enters the momentum balance equation. In the present study, the variation of the Lagrangian density with respect to the metric tensor is taken to directly obtain the symmetric pressure tensor, which includes the effect of turbulence on the momentum transport. In addition, it is shown in this work how the momentum balance is modified when the collision and/or external source terms are added to the gyrokinetic equation. The results obtained here are considered useful for global gyrokinetic simulations investigating both neoclassical and turbulent transport processes even in general non-axisymmetric toroidal systems.