bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excellent condensate and salt‐resistant foam by anionic‐zwitterionic‐cationic Gemini surfactants compounds for gas well deliquification
Authors: Dong Sanbao , Fan Jiabao , Lv Hongmiao , Qiang Taotao , Ji Yue , Han Weiwei
Published: September 2023

The blockage caused by liquid loading poses a major problem to the aged gas wells. Various categories of foaming surfactants including zwitterionic, anionic and cationic surfactants are often used for foam‐based gas well deliquification. In this study, a foaming formula containing anionic (sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, LSS), cationic Gemini (C16AGB and C12AGB) and zwitterionic (C16APB and C12APB) surfactants was developed. This foaming formula was first optimized through the foaming ability and foam stability tests, and then evaluated through liquid unloading performance tests under various salinity, condensate, methanol and temperature conditions. Synergy was observed in the foaming ability and foam stability measurements when LSS, C16AGB, C12AGB, C16APB and C12APB were combined at a molar ratio of 5:4:1:4:1. The foaming formula exhibited excellent liquid unloading performance at high salinity (up to 26 × 104 mg/L), high condensate fraction (up to 25%) and high methanol fraction (up to 50%) conditions. The presence of 10% methanol significantly enhanced foaming efficiency (referred to as the ratio of the foam mass to the initial liquid mass) and liquid unloading efficiency of the foaming formula at 20–90°C. Furthermore, the surface tension measurements and the foam morphological investigation were carried out to reveal the observed synergy.
Screening of novel bovine‐elastin‐derived peptides with elastase inhibition and photoprotective potential: a combined in silico and in vitro study
Authors: Wu Jing , Li Qinglan , Cui Chun , Xu Jucai
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

The demand for food‐based anti‐photoaging products is surging because of the rising recognition of health and beauty, as well as enhanced comprehension of the detrimental impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This study aimed to investigate the potential of bioactive peptides derived from bovine elastin, specifically focusing on identifying novel elastase inhibitory peptides and assessing their photoprotective properties using bioinformatics techniques.

RESULTS

A total of 48 bioactive peptides were screened in bovine elastin hydrolysate (EH) utilizing Peptide Ranker analysis. Three novel elastase inhibitory peptides, GAGQPFPI, FFPGAG and FPGIG (in descending order of activity), exhibited potent inhibitory effects on elastase in vitro, surpassing the inhibitory effect of EH by a factor of 1–2 and reaching significantly lower concentrations (8–15 times lower) than EH. The cumulative inhibitory effect of GAGQPFPI, FFPGAG, and FPGIG reached 91.5%. Further analysis revealed that FFPGAG and FPGIG exhibited mixed inhibition, whereas GAGQPFPI displayed non‐competitive inhibition. Molecular simulations showed that these peptides interacted effectively with the elastase active site through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, GAGQPFPI, FFPGAG, and FPGIG demonstrated high stability in gastrointestinal digestion, demonstrated transcellular permeability across Caco‐2 cell monolayers, and exhibited remarkable photoprotective properties against UVB‐irradiated HaCaT cells.

CONCLUSION

GAGQPFPI showed the most promising potential as a functional food with photoprotective effects against UVB damage and inhibitory properties against elastase. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fermentation, functional analysis, and biological activities of turmeric kombucha
Authors: Khazi Mahammed Ilyas , Liaqat Fakhra , Liu Xingrong , Yan Yilin , Zhu Daochen
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Kombucha is a popular fermented drink with therapeutic benefits. The present study aimed to examine the fermentation of turmeric‐infused kombucha and evaluate its biological activities and functional properties.

RESULTS

The study of pH dynamics during fermentation found that turmeric kombucha has a lower pH decrease than standard kombucha, with the lowest pH of 3.1 being observed in 0.1% turmeric kombucha and the maximum pH of 3.8 found in 1% turmeric kombucha. The research shows that the symbiotic consortia of bacteria and yeast alters during the fermentation process with turmeric. Gas chromatogrphy‐mass spectrometry analysis revealed that turmeric kombucha is abundant in terpenes, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols and fatty acids, with higher levels of active ingredients than regular kombucha. The kombucha with 0.6% turmeric had the highest overall acceptance score (9.0) in sensory evaluation. The total phenolic content after fermentation was in the range 0.2–0.8 mg gallic acid equivalents mL−1. Increasing turmeric concentrations increased the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of kombucha analogs, with the highest antioxidant activity (89%) observed at 0.8% turmeric, and the maximum cytotoxicity (74%) and antibacterial activity (zones of inhibition of 17.7 and 15.9 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively) observed at 1% turmeric.

CONCLUSION

The fermentation of kombucha infused with turmeric enhanced its biological activities, making it a healthier alternative to traditional kombucha and presenting new opportunities in the field of functional foods. Further investigations into the mechanisms underlying these effects and in vivo studies are warranted to fully comprehend the impact of turmeric kombucha consumption on human health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influences of two transport strategies on AMPK‐mediated metabolism and flesh quality of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Guan Weiliang , Nong Wenqian , Wei Xiaobo , Chen Renchi , Huang Zhihai , Ding Yuting , Qin Xiaoming , Cai Luyun , Mao Linchun
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Water‐free transportation (WFT), as a novel strategy for express delivery of live shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), was developed recently. However, air exposure during this transportation arouses a series of abiotic stress to the shrimp. In the present study, the influences of WFT stress on glycolysis and lipolysis metabolism and meat quality (umami flavor and drip loss) were investigated in comparison with conventional water transportation (WT).

RESULTS

The results showed that type II muscle fibers with the feature of anaerobic metabolism were dominated in shrimp flesh. In addition, the increments of intracellular Ca2+ was detected in WFT and WT, which then activated the AMP‐activated protein kinase pathway and promoted the consumption of glycogen, as well as the accumulation of lactate and lipolysis, under the enzymolysis of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and adipose triglyceride lipase. Glycogen glycolyzed to latate. Meanwhile, ATP degraded along with glycolysis resulting in the generation of ATP‐related adenosine phosphates such as inosine monophosphate with umami flavor and phosphoric acid. More remarkable (P < 0.05) physiological changes (except lactate dehydrogenase and lactate) were observed in WFT compared to WT. Additionally, the fatty acid profile also slightly changed.

CONCLUSION

The transport stress induced significant energy metabolism changes of shrimp flesh and therefore effected the flesh quality. The intensifications of freshness (K‐value) of shrimp flesh were detected as a result of ATP degradation, which were more pronounced after WFT. However, the drip loss of shrimp flesh was more significantly increased (P < 0.05) after WFT compared to WT. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activities, and synergistic antiproliferative effects of blueberry and apple peel extracts
Authors: Xia Wen , Song Bingbing , Li Tong , Liu Rui Hai
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Blueberries and apples exhibit favorable bioactivity and health benefits as a result of their rich phytochemicals. Natural phytochemicals exist in complex forms, but there are few reports on whether have additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects between different phytochemicals. The present study aimed to elucidate the synergistic effects of blueberry extract (BE) and apple peel extract (APE) together with respect to inhibiting the proliferation of HepG2 liver cancer cells. Meanwhile, phytochemical characterization of BE and APE was conducted by HPLC, and total antioxidant activity was determined via a cellular antioxidant activity assay, oxygen radical absorption capacity assay and peroxy radical scavenging capacity assay.

RESULTS

The results showed that BE and APE were rich in phytochemicals and had potent antioxidant activities, which synergistically inhibited cell proliferation. In the bilateral combination, the dose reduction index value increased by two‐fold, and the combination index value at 95% inhibition was less than 1. Additionally, BE + APE supplementation could promote the expression levels of p53 and c‐myc genes. In conclusion, the BE and APE had strong antioxidant activity and exhibited synergistic inhibition against proliferation of HepG2 cells.

CONCLUSION

The present study can provide a theoretical basis for the synergistic effect of different phytochemicals in health care. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Accelerometry May be Superior to EMG for Early Evaluation of Vocal Cord Function After Nerve Injury in a Pig Model
Authors: Setså E. , Svendsen Ø.S. , Henriksen B. , Stangeland L. , Husby P. , Brauckhoff K.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Vocal cord (VC) movement has been demonstrated by the use of accelerometry (ACC) to decrease in parallel with the electromyographic amplitude (EMG) during ongoing traction injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). When RLN function recovers, discrepancies between EMG and VC movement have been reported in clinical and experimental studies. The present study was conducted to clarify the actual relationship between EMG and VC movement measured by ACC during nerve recovery.

Methods

EMG obtained by continuous nerve monitoring (C‐IONM) was compared with ACC during traction injury to the RLN, and throughout 40‐min nerve recovery. A three‐axis linear accelerometer probe was attached to the VC, and ACC data were registered as described. Traction damage was applied to the RLN until there was a 70% amplitude decrease from baseline EMG, or until loss of signal (LOS), that is, EMG values ≤100 μV.

Results

Thirty‐two RLN from 16 immature pigs were studied. Correlation between EMG and ACC were calculated during nerve injury and nerve recovery. The mean correlations were for the 70% and LOS group from start to end of traction: 0.82 (±0.17) and 0.87 (±0.17), respectively. Corresponding correlation coefficients during 40‐min recovery was 0.50 (±0.48) in the 70% group and 0.53 (±0.33) in the LOS group.

Conclusion

There is a high correlation between EMG and VC movement during nerve injury, and a moderate correlation during early nerve recovery. EMG recovery after RLN injury ensures sufficient VC function as assessed by ACC.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 134:1485–1491, 2024
MuRF‐1 is Involved in Laryngeal Muscle Denervation Atrophy by Regulating G‐Actin Ubiquitination
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Haizhou , Li Xueyan , Xu Wen
Published: September 2023

Objective

Muscle RING‐finger protein‐1 (MuRF‐1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been reported to aggravate skeletal muscle denervated atrophy by mediating the ubiquitination degradation of multiple proteins, whereas the molecular mechanism underlying MuRF‐1‐mediated internal laryngeal muscle denervated atrophy remains unknown.

Methods

A rat unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) transection model was established to evaluate denervated muscle atrophy of the larynx. The expression of MuRF‐1, G‐ and F‐actin in thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) myocytes before and after RLN injury was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments detected molecular interactions between MuRF‐1 and G‐actin. Immunoprecipitation tested MuRF‐1‐mediated ubiquitination of G‐actin in denervated and innervated TA muscle tissues. The shRNA‐MuRF‐1 AAV was used to suppress MuRF‐1 expression in denervated TA muscles in vivo.

Results

First, MuRF‐1 expression was significantly elevated in denervated TA muscle compared to innervated TA muscle (p < 0.001). Second, there was a progressive increase in the G/F‐actin ratio in TA myocytes from day 3 to 14 after RLNI (p < 0.01). Furthermore, colocalization of MuRF‐1 and G‐actin in denervated TA myocytes was observed. Moreover, the upregulation of MuRF‐1 was closely associated with the ubiquitination of G‐actin in denervated TA myocytes and muscle tissues. Knockdown of MuRF‐1 decelerated the degree of TA muscle atrophy compared with that in the Blank and NC groups (p < 0.001) but seemed to promote the compensatory movement of the healthy side.

Conclusion

Collectively, we illustrate a novel molecular mechanism underlying MuRF‐1‐mediated internal laryngeal muscle denervated atrophy in that MuRF‐1 could promote disequilibrium of the G/F‐actin ratio by regulating G‐actin ubiquitination.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:855–864, 2024
Clinical heterogeneity of polish patients with KAT6B–related disorder
Authors: Magdalena Klaniewska , Anna Bolanowska‐Tyszko , Anna Latos‐Bielenska , Aleksandra Jezela‐Stanek , Krzysztof Szczaluba , Malgorzata Krajewska‐Walasek , Elzbieta Ciara , Magdalena Pelc , Dorota Jurkiewicz , Piotr Stawinski , Agnieszka Zubkiewicz‐Kucharska , Małgorzata Rydzanicz , Rafal Ploski , Robert Smigiel
Published: September 2023

Background

Say‐Barber‐Biesecker‐Young‐Simpson (SBBYSS) variant of Ohdo syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant and clinically heterogenous disorder, caused by pathogenic variants in the KAT6B gene located on chromosome 10q22.2. KAT6B encodes a highly conserved histone acetyltransferase belonging to the MYST family. Currently, diseases caused by pathogenic variants in KAT6B (KAT6B‐related disorders) comprise two allelic entities: SBBYSS variant of Ohdo syndrome and genitopatellar syndrome (GPS). Increase in the number of cases with overlapping GPS/SBBYSS phenotype which makes it necessary to redefine this group of phenotypes as KAT6B‐related disorders or KAT6B spectrum disorders.

Individuals with SBBYSS usually present with facial abnormalities, hypotonia, joint laxity, feeding problems, and long thumbs/great toes. This syndrome also typically involves skeletal problems including patellar hypoplasia/agenesis.

Methods

Here we report six SBBYS syndrome patients with the same dysmorphic features but a different course of the disease. One known and five novel KATB6 pathogenic variants were identified by molecular diagnostics using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).

Results

We present a detailed phenotypic analysis of six individuals with KAT6B‐related disorders, in whom a heterozygous pathogenic variant in KAT6B gene was found. In all of our patients facial dysmorphism as well as developmental and speech delay were present. Additionally, all but one patients presented with hypotonia, ocular abnormalities and long thumbs. Most of our probands showed blepharophimosis and skeletal (mainly knee) defects. Contrary to previously reported severe patellar defects (hypoplasia/agenesis) anomalies presented by our patients were less severe (dysplasia, habitual dislocation, subluxation) referring to KAT6B‐related disorders.

Conclusion

While most of the anomalies found in our patients comply with SBBYSS criteria, phenotypic differences in our probands support a broader spectrum of the disease phenotype. To establish the range of this spectrum, a detailed analysis of clinical variability among patients with SBBYSS requires further investigation.
Contributions of trauma and economic insecurity to psychological distress in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Abdul‐Ghani Sarah , Lathan Emma C. , Miao Amanda , Gibbons Rebecca , Eghbalzad Leyla , Powers Abigail , Fani Negar
Published: September 2023

Racially minoritized women with limited socioeconomic resources are at increased risk for adverse psychological outcomes in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Disproportionate rates of trauma exposure and economic insecurity likely heighten risk for these outcomes among socioeconomically vulnerable individuals, but the unique contributions of these factors are poorly understood. As such, we examined trauma and economic factors as predictors of pandemic‐related psychological distress and symptoms. Ninety‐six women recruited for a trauma research study (91.7% Black, Mage = 38.3 years, SDage = 11.8 years) completed measures of trauma exposure, economic insecurity, and several items assessing psychological distress and symptoms related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We examined concern for mental and physical health impacts of COVID‐19 as well as changes in self‐reported levels of anxiety and anhedonia from the 3 months before the pandemic to the previous 2 weeks. Linear regression analyses were used to assess contributions of trauma exposure and economic insecurity to COVID‐19‐related distress. Childhood maltreatment and lifetime trauma exposure did not predict COVID‐19‐related distress; however, financial concern significantly contributed to concern for the physical health impact of COVID‐19 (B = 0.30, p < 0.05). Food insecurity emerged as the only significant predictor of concern for the mental health impact of COVID‐19 (B = 0.91, p < 0.01). Housing instability was the only significant predictor of COVID‐19‐related increases in anhedonia (B = −0.30, p < 0.05). Economic insecurity, namely, self‐reported financial concern, food insecurity, and housing instability, was related to COVID‐19‐related psychological distress and symptoms in a sample of predominately Black American women living in under‐resourced communities. Findings may help identify populations at risk for COVID‐19‐related psychological distress and symptoms and appropriate interventions, such as expanding access to nutritious food sources and housing support, for minoritized community members.
Mathematical approach for impact of media awareness on measles disease
Authors: Kavya K N , Veeresha Pundikala
Published: September 2023

During the recent pandemic caused by COVID‐19, media awareness played a crucial role in educating people about social distancing, wearing masks, quarantine, vaccination, and medication. Media awareness brought individual behavioral changes among the people, which in turn helped reduce the infection rate. Motivated by this, we have formulated a mathematical model introducing a media compartment to mitigate measles disease transmission. In this paper, the SEIR model is used to study measles disease in three cases: one with a delay in vaccination, the second with regular vaccination, and the third with the impact of media awareness on the spreading of measles disease. Further, the dynamical behavior of the models is studied in terms of positivity, boundedness, equilibrium, and basic reproduction number (BRN). The sensitivity analysis of the models is conducted, which verifies the importance of the BRN (
) to be less than one for disease eradication. The numerical study confirms the impact of media awareness on exposed and infected populations.
Zinc Modulates Glutamine Metabolism in T Cells
Authors: Güzel Nergis , Rink Lothar , Fischer Henrike Josephine
Published: September 2023

Scope

Zinc and glutamine are well known to be essential for the function and polarization of immune cells. TH17 cells are more frequently induced during zinc deficiency and cover their energy requirement mainly through glutaminolysis. A dysregulation of TH17 cells can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. Both inhibition of glutaminolysis and zinc supplementation suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether zinc modulates glutaminolysis in T cells.

Methods and results

CD3/CD28 stimulation and mixed lymphocytes culture are used as in vitro models for T cell activation. Then, the glutaminolysis is investigated on mRNA, protein, and functional level. Zinc deficiency and glutaminase (GLS) inhibition decrease immune responses in vitro. Furthermore, extracellular zinc and glutamine levels both modulate glutaminolysis by changing the expression of glutamine transporters and key enzymes. Intriguingly, zinc directly interferes with the activity of GLS both in a cell free system and in the cytosol.

Conclusion

Besides T cell subset differentiation, zinc also impacts on the cellular metabolism by inhibiting glutaminolysis. This suggests that zinc deficiency can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases whereas zinc supplementation can support their therapy.
Perillaldehyde Mitigates Ionizing Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Tang Lin‐Feng , Ma Xiaoming , Xie Li‐Wei , Zhou Hao , Yu Jiahua , Wang Zhen‐Xin , Li Ming
Published: September 2023

Scope

Gastrointestinal toxicity is one of the major side effects of abdominopelvic tumor radiotherapy. Studies have shown that perillaldehyde (PAH) has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial activity, and antitumor effects. This study aims to determine whether PAH has radioprotective effects on radiation‐induced intestinal injury and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods and results

C57BL/6J mice are gavaged with PAH for 7 days, then exposed to a single dose of 13 Gy X‐ray total abdominal irradiation (TAI). PAH treatment prolongs the survival time, promotes the survival of crypt cells, attenuates radiation‐induced DNA damage, and mitigates intestinal barrier damage in the irradiated mice. PAH also shows radioprotective effects in intestinal crypt organoids and human intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC‐6). PAH‐mediated radioprotection is associated with the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid‐2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), activation of the antioxidant pathway, and inhibition of ferroptosis. Notably, treatment with the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 abolishes the protective effects of PAH, indicating that Nrf2 activation is essential for PAH activity.

Conclusion

PAH inhibits ionizing radiation (IR)‐induced ferroptosis and attenuates intestinal injury after irradiation by activating Nrf2 signaling. Therefore, PAH is a promising therapeutic strategy for IR‐induced intestinal injury.
Combining electromyographic and electrical impedance data sets through machine learning: A study in D2‐mdx and wild‐type mice
Authors: Pandeya Sarbesh , Sanchez Benjamin , Nagy Janice A. , Rutkove Seward B.
Published: September 2023

Introduction/Aims

Needle impedance‐electromyography (iEMG) assesses the active and passive electrical properties of muscles concurrently by using a novel needle with six electrodes, two for EMG and four for electrical impedance myography (EIM). Here, we assessed an approach for combining multifrequency EMG and EIM data via machine learning (ML) to discriminate D2‐mdx muscular dystrophy and wild‐type (WT) mouse skeletal muscle.

Methods

iEMG data were obtained from quadriceps of D2‐mdx mice, a muscular dystrophy model, and WT animals. EIM data were collected with the animals under deep anesthesia and EMG data collected under light anesthesia, allowing for limited spontaneous movement. Fourier transformation was performed on the EMG data to provide power spectra that were sampled across the frequency range using three different approaches. Random forest‐based, nested ML was applied to the EIM and EMG data sets separately and then together to assess healthy versus disease category classification using a nested cross‐validation procedure.

Results

Data from 20 D2‐mdx and 20 WT limbs were analyzed. EIM data fared better than EMG data in differentiating healthy from disease mice with 93.1% versus 75.6% accuracy, respectively. Combining EIM and EMG data sets yielded similar performance as EIM data alone with 92.2% accuracy.

Discussion

We have demonstrated an ML‐based approach for combining EIM and EMG data obtained with an iEMG needle. While EIM‐EMG in combination fared no better than EIM alone with this data set, the approach used here demonstrates a novel method of combining the two techniques to characterize the full electrical properties of skeletal muscle.
Cerebrospinal fluid turnover as a driver of brain clearance
Authors: Smets Nina G. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Vinje Vegard , Bakker Erik N. T. P.
Published: September 2023

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has historically been considered to function as a sink for brain‐derived waste disposal. Recent work suggested that CSF interacts even more intensely with brain tissue than previously recognized, through perivascular spaces that penetrate the brain. Cardiac pulsations, vasomotion, and respiration have been suggested to drive CSF flow in these perivascular spaces, thereby enhancing waste clearance. However, the intrinsic role of CSF production in relation to its distribution volume (turnover) is not an explicit component of recent concepts on brain clearance. Here, we review the work on CSF turnover and volume, focusing on preclinical evidence. Herein, we highlight the use of MRI in establishing CSF‐related parameters. We describe the impact of sleep, effect of anesthesia, aging, and hypertension on CSF turnover, and how this relates to brain clearance. Evaluation of the available evidence suggests that CSF turnover is a major determinant in brain clearance. In addition, we propose that several putative drivers of brain clearance, but also conditions associated with impaired clearance, such as aging, may actually relate to altered CSF turnover.
Are schools doing enough? An exploration of how primary schools in England support the well‐being of their teachers
Authors: Cotson William , Kim Lisa E.
Published: September 2023

Though teacher well‐being (TWB) has been decreasing over time, there is an identified lack of awareness in schools across England on how settings can support TWB. To address this gap, this study provides teachers with a space to share their conceptualizations of well‐being, evaluate current school‐level TWB provisions, and provide recommendations for ways that existing TWB support could be enhanced. Semi‐structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 16 primary school teachers across England. Reflexive thematic analytic findings indicated that participants defined well‐being in relation to their unique contexts, and cited some current school practices, including school and academy‐wide support and social support, as being effective for TWB. However, participants emphasized that they perceived current TWB provisions as tokenistic, which was suggested to be accentuated by poor understandings of TWB and pressures from the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) and COVID‐19. To address these issues, participants outlined the need for improvements in communication, the attitudes and approaches of Senior Leadership Teams toward TWB, increased provisions to both manage and decrease workload and increasing the amount of time that they have to meet expectations. Implications for policy and practice to enhance TWB are discussed.
Sociopsychological determinants of COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among the students' of higher secondary schools in rural Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Roy Debendra Nath , Islam Ekramul , Hossen Md. Mohabbot , Ferdiousi Nowrin , Azam Md. Shah
Published: September 2023

Administering coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) vaccines among the student of higher secondary schools has unprecedented importance for securing community health and ensuring in‐person class attainment. This study investigated higher secondary students' COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance and identified the underlying sociopsychological determinants of vaccine acceptance and hesitance. An anonymous, multi‐item, and closed‐ended questionnaire was developed from a theoretical analysis of relevant literature. Data were collected from April 2022 to August 2022 using a face‐to‐face interview approach. Binary logistic regression was employed to assess the study objectives. A total of 1514 students participated and the pooled COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance rate was 69.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 67.9─71.9). Out of 13 key determinants, “safety,” “efficacy,” and “communication” had highly significant positive associations (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 95% CI = 3.542, 2.305–6.090; 2.494, 1.513–4.347; and 1.047, 1.008–1.912 respectively, p < .01), while “culture” had a significant positive association (AOR, 95% CI = 1.421, 1.002–1.502, p < .05) with vaccine acceptance. The binary logistic model also revealed that “side effects” and “injection anxiety” had significant negative associations (AOR, 95% CI = 1.483, 0.920–2.449; and 1.312, 0.911–1.625 respectively, p < .05) with the COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance. The odds of receiving the vaccine were found to be 1.9 and it was highly significant (p < .01) in the χ2 test. Psychological response to COVID‐19 vaccine from higher secondary students was found slightly lower. Side effects and injection anxiety were the psychological barriers associated with school‐going students' vaccination decision.
The effects of propolis supplementation on high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, testosterone hormone, and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, triple‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Abbasi Elahe , Bagherniya Mohammad , Soleimani Davood , Ghasemi‐Tehrani Hatav , Abbaspour Mohammadreza , Clark Cain C. T. , Askari Gholamreza
Published: September 2023

One of the most prevalent ovulation disorders is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). According to the anti‐inflammatory and beneficial effects of propolis, this triple‐blind controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effect of propolis on metabolic factors, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and testosterone in women with PCOS. Recruited patients from the gynecologist clinic were randomized based on a stratified permuted four‐block randomization procedure to supplement with propolis tablets, two tablets/day (500 mg propolis/day) (n = 30) or identical placebo tablets (n = 30) for 12 weeks in 2021 until 2022. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, blood samples, and a checklist to record the measured parameters. A total of 57 patients completed the trial. ANCOVA test showed that hip circumference (HC)) p = 0.03), fasting insulin (p = 0.007), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (p = 0.004), testosterone (p = 0.004), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)/high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.02) were significantly decreased in the propolis versus the placebo group after adjustment for confounders. Although fasting blood glucose (p = 0.04) decreased significantly in the propolis group compared to the placebo, after adjusting for confounders, significance was lost (p = 0.09). Supplementation with propolis elicited positive effects on fasting insulin and insulin resistance, in addition to reducing the testosterone level, LDL/HDL, and HC, in PCOS women.
Unleashing the potential of bio‐nanoparticles from invasive cattail as reinforcement in packaging film to extend the shelf life of poultry meat
Authors: Jacob Rani Baby Salini , Venkatachalam Sivakumar
Published: September 2023

Growing awareness of fossil depletion, plastic pollution, and food spoilage has led to the exploration of bioresources as alternatives for producing packaging films for highly perishable food. In this study, we utilized a novel integrated process using natural‐based solvents to isolate cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from cattail leaves, an abundant invasive plant. The process yielded cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with recovery yields of 96.2 ± 1.2%, 92.5 ± 1.6%, and 94.3 ± 0.7% and purities of 96.3 ± 0.6%, 97.7 ± 0.9%, and 98.9 ± 0.5%, respectively. Spherical nanoparticles (60–90 nm) were synthesized through ultrasonication and their structural purity were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, and XPS analyses. These nanoparticles were incorporated as reinforcement into chitosan (C) films. Cellulose nanoparticles (CNP) and lignin nanoparticles (LNP) significantly enhanced film tensile strength (up to 27% at 1.5% loading), while hemicellulose nanoparticles (HNP) increased film elongation (up to 42%). The complex structures of HNP and LNP promoted higher free radical formation, resulting in enhanced antioxidant activity of up to 80% and 82%, respectively. LNP‐reinforced films exhibited superior antimicrobial properties due to their polyphenolic structure. Preservation tests were conducted by packaging poultry meat in the films and refrigerating it for 30 days. Poultry meat packed in LNP‐reinforced film maintained its quality within permissible limits throughout the entire 30 day period, while LDPE, plain chitosan, C‐CNP, and C‐HNP films reached consumable limits on the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 25th days, respectively. This study highlights the production of sustainable nanoparticles from invasive crops and their application in the development of active packaging films for fresh poultry meat.
The knowns and unknowns of cardiac autoimmunity in viral myocarditis
Authors: Mone Kiruthiga , Reddy Jay
Published: September 2023

Myocarditis can result from various infectious and non‐infectious causes that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. Among the infectious causes, viruses are commonly suspected. But the challenge is our inability to demonstrate infectious viral particles during clinical presentations, partly because by that point, the viruses would have damaged the tissues and be cleared by the immune system. Therefore, viral signatures such as viral nucleic acids and virus‐reactive antibodies may be the only readouts pointing to viruses as potential primary triggers of DCM. Thus, it becomes hard to explain persistent inflammatory infiltrates that might occur in individuals affected with chronic myocarditis/DCM manifesting myocardial dysfunctions. In these circumstances, autoimmunity is suspected, and antibodies to various autoantigens have been demonstrated, suggesting that immune therapies to suppress the autoimmune responses may be necessary. From this perspective, we endeavoured to determine whether or not the known viral causes are associated with development of autoimmune responses to cardiac antigens that include both cardiotropic and non‐cardiotropic viruses. If so, what their nature and significance are in developing chronic myocarditis resulting from viruses as primary triggers.
Constrained control of uncertain nonhomogeneous Markovian jump systems
Authors: Yin Yanyan , Lin Zongli
Published: September 2023

This paper addresses the problem of robust stabilization for uncertain systems subject to input saturation and nonhomogeneous Markovian jumps, where the uncertainties are assumed to be norm bounded and the transition probabilities are time‐varying and unknown. By expressing the saturated linear feedback law on a convex hull of a group of auxiliary linear feedback laws and the time‐varying transition probabilities inside a polytope, we establish conditions under which the closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable. On the basis of these conditions, the problem of designing the state feedback gains for achieving fast transience response with a guaranteed size of the domain of attraction is formulated and solved as a constrained optimization problem with linear matrix inequality constraints. The results are then illustrated by numerical examples including the application to a DC motor speed control example. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability analysis and synthesis for linear impulsive stochastic systems
Authors: Luo Shixian , Deng Feiqi , Chen Wu‐Hua
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a general framework for analyzing stability of linear impulsive stochastic systems (LISSs). Some simple mean square stability criteria for the three types of LISSs are firstly derived by analyzing an equivalent system. By exploring the hybrid characteristics of impulsive systems, the novel quasi‐periodic composite polynomial Lyapunov function and the time‐varying discretized Lyapunov function are developed, which leads to unified dwell‐time–based criteria for mean square stability and almost sure stability of LISSs without imposing the stability condition on continuous‐ and discrete‐time dynamics. Next, based on the established stability criteria, the synthesis problem of state‐feedback controller is solved. The computational complexity and the comparison with existing results on the deterministic systems are discussed. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed results.
Disruptions in self‐regulatory processes predict depression and sleep disturbance in bereaved young adults
Authors: Finkelstein‐Fox Lucy , Park Crystal L. , Eigsti Inge‐Marie , Awao Sayaka , Mancini Anthony D.
Published: September 2023

Losing a loved one is both common and profoundly stressful for young adults. Little research has examined the longitudinal course of post‐loss cognitive processing, depression, and sleep difficulties. Further, little is known about the context of other stressors or the role of individual regulatory resources, such as attentional regulation, that might determine whether loss‐related cognitive processing reduces distress. This prospective study examined changes in depression and sleep disturbance over 9 weeks as a function of within‐ and between‐person variation in stress exposure, loss‐related cognitive processing, and attention regulation. Participants were 108 recently bereaved college students completing a lab‐based assessment of attention regulation and four self‐report surveys, spaced three weeks apart. Results revealed that most participants gradually reduced loss‐related processing over the study period, with corresponding improvements in depression and sleep. Stress exposure was associated with increased processing, depression, and sleep disturbance. In exploratory analyses, high attentional alertness and slow re‐orienting strengthened the association of within‐person loss processing with sleep disturbance. Both within‐ and between‐person variation in stress appear to engender risk for a prolonged course of bereavement. Future research should integrate objective attention measures with self‐reported adjustment to stress to illuminate reciprocal links between depression, sleep, and loss‐related cognitive processing.
X‐Site Substituted 2D Cs2Pb(SCN)2Br2 Perovskites for X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Liu Dan , Di Haipeng , Ren Jiwei , Jiang Wei , Li Haibin , Zhao Chen , Xin Deyu , Xing Zhenning , Zheng Xiaojia , Zhao Yiying
Published: September 2023

2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites have been intensively investigated due to their superior stability and outstanding optoelectrical properties. However, investigations on 2D RP perovskites are mainly focused on A‐site substituted perovskites and few reports are on X‐site substituted perovskites especially in X‐ray detection field. Here, X‐site substituted 2D RP perovskite Cs2Pb(SCN)2Br2 polycrystalline wafers are prepared and systematically studied for X‐ray detection. The obtained wafers show a large resistivity of 2.0 × 1010 Ω cm, a high ion activation energy of 0.75 eV, a small current drift of 2.39 × 10−6 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1, and charge carrier mobility‐lifetime product under X‐ray as high as 1.29 × 10−4 cm2 V−1. These merits enable Cs2Pb(SCN)2Br2 wafer detectors with a sensitivity of 216.3 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, a limit of detection of 42.4 nGyair s−1, and good imaging ability with high spatial resolution of 1.08 lp mm−1. In addition, Cs2Pb(SCN)2Br2 wafer detectors demonstrate excellent operational stability under high working field up to 2100 V cm−1 after continuous X‐ray irradiation with a total dose of 45.2 Gyair. The promising features such as short octahedral spacing and weak ion migration will open up a new perspective and opportunity for SCN‐based 2D perovskites in X‐ray detection.
Tunable Band Engineering Management on Perovskite MAPbBr3/COFs Nano‐Heterostructures for Efficient S–S Coupling Reactions
Authors: Lin Qianying , Tan Siyi , Zhao Jiwu , Fang Xiao , Wang Ying , Wen Na , Zhang Zizhong , Ding Zhengxin , Yuan Rusheng , Yan Guiyang , Jin Shengye , Long Jinlin
Published: September 2023

Efficient artificial photosynthesis of disulfide bonds holds promises to facilitate reverse decoding of genetic codes and deciphering the secrets of protein multilevel folding, as well as the development of life science and advanced functional materials. However, the incumbent synthesis strategies encounter separation challenges arising from leaving groups in the ─S─S─ coupling reaction. In this study, according to the reaction mechanism of free‐radical‐triggered ─S─S─ coupling, light‐driven heterojunction functional photocatalysts are tailored and constructed, enabling them to efficiently generate free radicals and trigger the coupling reaction. Specifically, perovskites and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are screened out as target materials due to their superior light‐harvesting and photoelectronic properties, as well as flexible and tunable band structure. The in situ assembled Z‐scheme heterojunction MAPB‐M‐COF (MAPbBr3 = MAPB, MA+ = CH3NH2+) demonstrates a perfect trade‐off between quantum efficiency and redox chemical potential via band engineering management. The MAPB‐M‐COF achieves a 100% ─S─S─ coupling yield with a record photoquantum efficiency of 11.50% and outstanding cycling stability, rivaling all the incumbent similar reaction systems. It highlights the effectiveness and superiority of application‐oriented band engineering management in designing efficient multifunctional photocatalysts. This study demonstrates a concept‐to‐proof research methodology for the development of various integrated heterojunction semiconductors for light‐driven chemical reaction and energy conversion.
Efficient Catalysis of Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Fe2O3–CoP Heterostructure Nanosheets for Polysulfide Redox Reactions
Authors: Pu Jun , Tan Yun , Wang Tao , Gong Wenbin , Gu Cuiping , Xue Pan , Wang Zhenghua , Yao Yagang
Published: September 2023

The “shuttle effect” and slow redox reactions of Li‐S batteries limit their practical application. To solve these problems, a judicious catalyst design for improved battery cycle life and rate performance is essential. Herein, this issue is addressed by modifying the Li‐S battery separator using a 2D Fe2O3–CoP heterostructure that combines the dual functions of polar Fe2O3 and high‐conductivity CoP. The synthesized ultrathin nanostructure exposes well‐dispersed active sites and shortens the ion diffusion paths. Theoretical calculations, electrochemical tests, and in situ Raman spectroscopy measurements reveal that the heterostructure facilitates the inhibition of polysulfide shuttling and enhances the electrode kinetics. A sulfur cathode constructed using the Fe2O3–CoP‐based separator provides an astonishing capacity of 1346 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a high capacity retention of ≈84.5%. Even at a high sulfur loading of 5.42 mg cm−2, it shows an area capacity of 5.90 mAh cm−2. This study provides useful insights into the design of new catalytic materials for Li‐S batteries.
Multidimensional Applications and Challenges of Riboswitches in Biosensing and Biotherapy
Authors: Wu Yifan , Zhu Longjiao , Zhang Yangzi , Xu Wentao
Published: September 2023

Riboswitches have received significant attention over the last two decades for their multiple functionalities and great potential for applications in various fields. This article highlights and reviews the recent advances in biosensing and biotherapy. These fields involve a wide range of applications, such as food safety detection, environmental monitoring, metabolic engineering, live cell imaging, wearable biosensors, antibacterial drug targets, and gene therapy. The discovery, origin, and optimization of riboswitches are summarized to help readers better understand their multidimensional applications. Finally, this review discusses the multidimensional challenges and development of riboswitches in order to further expand their potential for novel applications.
Antiferroelectricity‐Induced Negative Thermal Expansion in Double Perovskite Pb2CoMoO6
Authors: Zhao Haoting , Pan Zhao , Shen Xi , Zhao Jianfa , Lu Dabiao , Zhang Jie , Hu Zhiwei , Kuo Chang‐Yang , Chen Chien‐Te , Chan Ting‐Shan , Sahle Christoph J. , Dong Cheng , Nishikubo Takumi , Koike Takehiro , Deng Zun‐Yi , Hong Jiawang , Yu Runze , Yu Pu , Azuma Masaki , Jin Changqing , Long Youwen
Published: September 2023

Materials with negative thermal expansion (NTE) attract significant research attention owing to their unique physical properties and promising applications. Although ferroelectric phase transitions leading to NTE are widely investigated, information on antiferroelectricity‐induced NTE remains limited. In this study, single‐crystal and polycrystalline Pb2CoMoO6 samples are prepared at high pressure and temperature conditions. The compound crystallizes into an antiferroelectric Pnma orthorhombic double perovskite structure at room temperature owing to the opposite displacements dominated by Pb2+ ions. With increasing temperature to 400 K, a structural phase transition to cubic Fm‐3m paraelectric phase occurs, accompanied by a sharp volume contraction of 0.41%. This is the first report of an antiferroelectric‐to‐paraelectric transition‐induced NTE in Pb2CoMoO6. Moreover, the compound also exhibits remarkable NTE with an average volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion αV = −1.33 × 10−5 K−1 in a wide temperature range of 30–420 K. The as‐prepared Pb2CoMoO6 thus serves as a prototype material system for studying antiferroelectricity‐induced NTE.
MoS2 Nanoflowers Grown on Plasma‐Induced W‐Anchored Graphene for Efficient and Stable H2 Production Through Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Dang Van Dien , Putikam Raghunath , Lin Ming‐Chang , Wei Kung‐Hwa
Published: September 2023

Herein, it is found that 3D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)—MoS2 nanoflowers—grown on 2D tungsten oxide‐anchored graphene nanosheets (MoS2@W‐G) functions as a superior catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under both acidic and alkaline conditions. The optimized weight ratio of MoS2@W‐G (MoS2:W‐G/1.5:1) in 0.5 M H2SO4 achieves a low overpotential of 78 mV at 10 mA cm–2, a small Tafel slope of 48 mV dec–1, and a high exchange current density (0.321 mA cm⁻2). Furthermore, the same MoS2@W‐G composite exhibits stable HER performance when using real seawater, with Faradaic efficiencies of 96 and 94% in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Density functional theory calculations based on the hybrid MoS2@W‐G structure model confirm that suitable hybridization of 3D MoS2 and 2D W‐G nanosheets can lower the hydrogen adsorption: Gibbs free energy (∆GH*) from 1.89 eV for MoS2 to –0.13 eV for the MoS2@W‐G composite. The excellent HER activity of the 3D/2D hybridized MoS2@W‐G composite arises from abundance of active heterostructure interfaces, optimizing the electrical configuration, thereby accelerating the adsorption and dissociation of H2O. These findings suggest a new approach for the rational development of alternative 3D/2D TMD/graphene electrocatalysts for HER applications using seawater.