bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Ag‐Mediated Reactions: Coupling and Heterocyclization Reactions
Authors: Weibel Jean‐Marc , Blanc Aurelien , Pale Patrick
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Mediated Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Alvarez‐Corral Miriam , Munoz‐Dorado Manuel , Rodriguez‐Garcia Ignacio
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Csp—H and Csp—Si Bond Transformations and Related Processes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coinage Metal Assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Patil Nitin T. , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Annonaceous Acetogenins from Muricatacin
Authors: Makabe Hidefumi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Reactions for Streamlining Synthesis: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective One‐Pot Generation of Functionalized Epoxy Alcohols
Authors: Hussain Mahmud M. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Oxidation of Hydrocarbons by the Membrane‐Bound Methane Monooxygenase: The Case for a Tricopper Cluster
Authors: Chan Sunney I. , Yu Steve S.‐F.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Strategies of Self‐Cleaving Ribozymes
Authors: Cochrane Jesse C. , Strobel Scott A.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Nitroglycals as Powerful Glycosyl Donors: Application in the Synthesis of Biologically Important Molecules
Authors: Schmidt Richard R. , Vankar Yashwant D.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Chemistry of Gold. Part 3.
Authors: Pyykkoe Pekka
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pulsed Electron—Electron Double Resonance (PELDOR) as EPR Spectroscopy in Nanometer Range
Authors: Tsvetkov Yu. D. , Milov A. D. , Maryasov A. G.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ein Regelungskonzept zur Einstellung der Abzugsreinheiten von Simulated Moving Bed‐Anlagen
Authors: Fütterer M.
Published: November 2008

Die Simulated Moving Bed (SMB)‐Technologie hat einen bedeutenden Platz in der Trennung binärer Stoffgemische eingenommen. Für einen störungsfreien Betrieb ist eine genaue Einstellung der Volumenströme erforderlich. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Regelungskonzept vor, das für die gewünschten Abzugsreinheiten die notwendigen Stellgrößen automatisch ermittelt. Hierzu wird ein einfaches Modell für die Bewegung der Fußpunkte der Konzentrationsfronten hergeleitet, auf dessen Basis ein nichtlinearer Regler entwickelt wird. Ein Simulationsergebnis zeigt das Potenzial einer solchen Regelung für den industriellen Einsatz auf.
Pflanzenkläranlagen – Zukunftspotenzial und Forschungsbedarf
Authors: Kuschk P. , Wiessner A. , Kästner M. , Müller R. A. , Münch C. , Paredes D.
Published: November 2008

Pflanzenkläranlagen (vom Abwasser durch‐ bzw. überströmte bepflanzte Bodenfilter) werden seit einigen Jahrzehnten erfolgreich zur Abwasserreinigung eingesetzt. Design und Anwendung der Anlagen basieren im Wesentlichen auf Erfahrungswerten. Der Kenntnisstand zu den Reinigungsprozessen innerhalb der Rhizosphäre ist als lückenhaft einzuschätzen. Intensive Grundlagenforschung ist notwendig, um die involvierten Prozesse und deren Wechselwirkungen zu verstehen und letztlich effiziente und erweiterte Anwendungen zu ermöglichen. Dabei können neue Erkenntnisse aus Forschung und Praxis vor allem auch die Möglichkeiten der Nutzung von Pflanzenklärsystemen zur Reinigung von Industrieabwässern maßgeblich erweitern. Insbesondere besteht die Chance der Entwicklung neuer Lösungsansätze zur Kombination von Abwasserreinigung und Wertstoff‐/Energiegewinnung.
Rigorose Modellierung der SO2‐Absorption an Kalksteinsuspensionstropfen
Authors: Kroll A. , Fahlenkamp H. , Dickamp M.
Published: November 2008

Für die Auslegung und Optimierung von Rauchgas‐Entschwefelungs‐Anlagen (REA) ‐Wäschern mittels CFD‐Simulationen der zweiphasigen Strömung von Gas und Tropfen ist es von großem Interesse, Stoffdurchgangskoeffizienten für die abzuscheidenden Schadgase in Abhängigkeit verschiedener physikalischer Parameter möglichst exakt berechnen zu können. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein Modell eines von Gas umströmten Einzeltropfens entwickelt und hinsichtlich Impulstransport und der Physisorption von SO2 in H2O validiert. Davon ausgehend wurden Parameterstudien durchgeführt.
Verweilzeitmessung in heißem Hochdruckwasser 2. Salze im kontinuierlichen Rührkessel
Authors: Kruse A. , Ederer H. , Ernst D. , Seine B.
Published: November 2008

Hinsichtlich der Entwicklung des Verfahrens hydrothermaler Biomassevergasung ist das Verhalten von Alkalisalzen in einem kontinuierlichen Rührkessel von Interesse. Zum einen erhöhen Alkalisalze die Gasbildung zum anderen können sie durch Ausfällung zu Rohr‐Verstopfungen führen. Um Information über die mögliche Anreicherung von Salzen im kont. Rührkessel zu erhalten, wurden Messungen von Verweilzeitsummenkurven mit den Tracern K2CO3 und NaHCO3 sowie Phenol als Referenz durchgeführt.
Strömungsanalyse mit Hilfe von High‐Speed‐Kameras
Authors: Schlücker E. , Blendinger S. , Ismaier A. , Ruschel A. , Predel T.
Published: November 2008

Die stetige Weiterentwicklung in der digitalen Kameratechnik ermöglicht es mittlerweile hochdynamische Abläufe wie beispielsweise Strömungsvorgänge und Kavitationserscheinungen optisch hochauflösend zu erfassen. Durch Kombination von Hochgeschwindigkeitsfilmen und Simulationen kann der Wissensstand über strömungsdynamische Abläufe in Prozessmaschinen, der bis dato in erster Linie auf experimentellen Ergebnissen und Erfahrung basierte, wesentlich aufgewertet und verfeinert werden. Dieser Übersichtsbeitrag führt Beispiele aus dem Bereich der Pumpentechnik und dem Rohrleitungsbau an, bei denen mit dieser Technik Untersuchungen durchgeführt wurden. Darüber hinaus konnten auch Kavitationserscheinungen in einer ionischen Flüssigkeit nachgewiesen werden. Die dargestellten Anwendungsbeispiele belegen, dass die moderne High‐Speed‐Kameratechnik tiefe Einblicke in komplizierte Strömungsvorgänge und Strömungs‐Struktur‐Interaktionen erlaubt.
Use of platinum derivatives during pregnancy
Authors: Mir Olivier , Berveiller Paul , Ropert Stanislas , Goffinet François , Goldwasser François
Published: November 2008

The incidence of cancer during pregnancy is increasing given the trend for women to postpone childbearing. Knowledge of the potential toxicity and teratogenicity of chemotherapy agents is crucial for patient counseling. Platinum derivatives are active against various malignancies that occur more frequently during pregnancy: melanoma, cervical and ovarian cancers, and lung cancer. The authors of this article performed a systematic review of reports documenting the use of platinum derivatives during pregnancy in the English literature from 1977 through January 2008. Forty‐three pregnancies were described: 36 patients received cisplatin, 6 patients received carboplatin, and 1 patient received both drugs. Two fetal malformations occurred after in utero exposure to cisplatin, but the causative link between cisplatin administration and these malformations remains speculative. However, either detectable cisplatin levels or platinum‐DNA adducts were observed in neonates who were exposed to platinum derivatives during the third trimester, providing evidence for a late‐onset transplacental transfer of these drugs. The administration of platinum derivatives, although feasible during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, raises concern regarding the transplacental transfer of these drugs in late pregnancy and has unknown short‐ and long‐term effects. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Causes of death in men undergoing androgen suppression therapy for newly diagnosed localized or recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: D'Amico Anthony V. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Renshaw Andrew A. , Loffredo Marian , Kantoff Philip W.
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND.

The authors estimated and characterized mortality after androgen suppression therapy (AST) use in men with newly diagnosed localized and recurrent prostate cancer.

METHODS.

The study cohorts comprised 102 men who were randomized to radiation therapy (RT) and AST and 46 men who underwent salvage AST for recurrence from a randomized trial that compared external beam RT and 6 months of AST to RT. Cox regression multivariable analyses were performed to estimate the mortality hazard ratio (HR) in men with moderate to severe as compared with no or minimal comorbidity, adjusting for age and known prostate cancer prognostic factors.

RESULTS.

After a median follow‐up of 8.4 years (interquartile range: 7.2‐9.6 years), prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) comprised 13% and 75% of all mortality in men with newly diagnosed localized and recurrent prostate cancer, respectively. There was an increased risk of death in men with moderate to severe as compared with no or minimal comorbidity (adjusted HR [AHR], 11.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2‐25.6; P < .001) in men with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer but not in men with recurrent prostate cancer (AHR, 2.5; 95% CI, 0.2‐37.8; P = .51).

CONCLUSIONS.

The ability to measure an increase in the risk of death in men with moderate to severe as compared with no or minimal comorbidity undergoing AST decreases as the risk of PCSM increases, which may explain the discordance in the literature regarding the risk of cardiovascular death and AST use. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
High‐order absorbing boundary conditions incorporated in a spectral element formulation
Authors: Kucherov Leonid , Givoli Dan
Published: November 2008

The solution of the time‐dependent wave equation in a semi‐infinite wave guide is considered. An artificial boundary ℬ︁ is introduced, which encloses a finite computational domain. On ℬ︁ the Hagstrom–Warburton (H–W) local high‐order absorbing boundary condition (ABC) is imposed. In contrast to previous studies, which involved either finite difference schemes or low‐order finite element schemes, here the way to incorporate the H–W ABC into a spectral element formulation is shown. To this end, the Seriani–Priolo spectral element is used in space and a 4th‐order Runge–Kutta scheme is employed in time. This leads to exponential convergence in both the polynomial order of the spectral element, and in the order of the ABC, and thus avoids the convergence rate inconsistency which is otherwise present. The combined ABC‐spectral formulation enables one to obtain extremely accurate solutions of wave problems in unbounded domains. This is demonstrated via a number of numerical examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Origin of the Improved Efficiency and Stability of Triphenylamine‐Substituted Anthracene Derivatives for OLEDs: A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Yang Bing , Kim Soo‐Kang , Xu Hai , Park Young‐Il , Zhang Houyu , Gu Cheng , Shen Fangzhong , Wang Chunlei , Liu Dandan , Liu Xiaodong , Hanif Muddasir , Tang Shi , Li Weijun , Li Feng , Shen Jiacong , Park Jong‐Wook , Ma Yuguang
Published: November 2008

Herein, we describe the molecular electronic structure, optical, and charge‐transport properties of anthracene derivatives computationally using density functional theory to understand the factors responsible for the improved efficiency and stability of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with triphenylamine (TPA)‐substituted anthracene derivatives. The high performance of OLEDs with TPA‐substituted anthracene is revealed to derive from three original features in comparison with aryl‐substituted anthracene derivatives: 1) the HOMO and LUMO are localized separately on TPA and anthracene moieties, respectively, which leads to better stability of the OLEDs due to the more stable cation of TPA under a hole majority‐carrier environment; 2) the more balanceable hole and electron transport together with the easier hole injection leads to a larger rate of hole–electron recombination, which corresponds to the higher electroluminescence efficiency; and 3) the increasing reorganization energy for both hole and electron transport and the higher HOMO energy level provide a stable potential well for hole trapping, and then trapped holes induce a built‐in electric field to prompt the balance of charge‐carrier injection.
Alcohol consumption among college students: An agent‐based computational simulation
Authors: Garrison Laura A. , Babcock David S.
Published: November 2008

An agent‐based C++ program was developed to model student drinking. Student‐agents interact with each other and are randomly subjected to good or bad drinking experiences, to stories of other students' experiences, and to peer pressure. The program outputs drinking rates as functions of time based on various input parameters. The intent of this project is to simulate alcohol use, eventually adding other drugs, and possibly creating a simulation game for use as an educational tool. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2009
The struvite‐type compounds M [Mg(H2O)6](X O4), where M = Rb, Tl and X = P, As
Authors: Weil M.
Published: November 2008

Phases with composition M [Mg(H2O)6](X O4), where M = Rb, Tl and X = P, As, were obtained by means of the gelatine‐gel diffusion technique from Mg‐EDTA and corresponding metal phosphate/arsenate solutions at pH > 9. The crystal structures were determined from single crystal X‐ray diffractometer data sets. All compounds crystallize isotypically with two formula units in the orthorhombic struvite [NH4[Mg(H2O)6](PO4)] structure type in space group Pmn 21 and with lattice parameters of a ≈ 6.88, b ≈ 6.16, c ≈ 11.34 Å. The structures consist of slightly distorted [Mg(OH2)6] octahedra (m symmetry), X O4 tetrahedra (m symmetry) and [M O10] polyhedra (m symmetry) as single building units, held together by an intricate hydrogen bonding network. The structure can also be described as made up of closed packed pseudo ‐hexagonal layers of [Mg(OH2)6] units stacked along [010] with the X O4 tetrahedra and the M atoms in the voids of this arrangement. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Neutron powder diffraction studies in CaMn1‐xCuxO3 (x = 0, 0.2)
Authors: Ravi S. , Kar Manoranjan , Borah S. M. , Krishna P. S. R.
Published: November 2008

Neutron powder diffraction patterns were recorded on CaMn1‐xCuxO3 (x = 0 and 0.20) compounds at different temperatures down to 11K. All the patterns were analyzed by employing Rietveld refinement technique and using the Fullprof program. The observed crystallographic peaks could be refined by using Pbnm space group and no structural transition has been observed down to 11K. An additional peak at 2θ = 16.7° has been observed with decrease in temperature below TN and its intensity was found to increase with decrease in temperature. It could be indexed to magnetic (101) plane. The magnetic ordering is found to be G‐type antiferromagnetic behaviour. The magnetic moment at 11K for the samples x = 0.0 and 0.20 are found to be 2.69 and 2.42μB. The doped Cu ions are found to be in Cu2+ state and take part antiferromagnetic interactions with Mn ions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design and implementation of an interleaved soft‐switching converter with output voltage doubler
Authors: Lin B.‐R. , Chen J.‐J.
Published: November 2008

An interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) converter with less power switches is presented in this paper. The buck type of active clamp circuit is used to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductor of a transformer. The zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on of power switches is realized by the resonance during the transition interval of power switches. At the secondary side of transformers, two full‐wave rectifiers with dual‐output configuration are connected in parallel to reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings of transformers. In the proposed converter, power switches can accomplish two functions of the interleaved PWM modulation and active clamp feature at the same time. Therefore, the circuit components in the proposed converter are less than that of the conventional interleaved ZVS forward converter. The operation principle and system analysis of the proposed converter are provided in detail. Experimental results for a 280 W prototype operated at 100 kHz are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel perspectives of neural stem cell differentiation: From neurotransmitters to therapeutics
Authors: Trujillo Cleber A. , Schwindt Telma T. , Martins Antonio H. , Alves Janaína M. , Mello Luiz Eugênio , Ulrich Henning
Published: November 2008

In the past years, many reports have described the existence of neural progenitor and stem cells in the adult central nervous system capable of generating new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. This discovery has overturned the central assumption in the neuroscience field, of no new neurons being originated in the brain after birth and provided the fundaments to understand the molecular basis of neural differentiation and to develop new therapies for neural tissue repair. Although the mechanisms underlying cell fate during neural development are not yet understood, the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and of an appropriate microenvironment is well known. In this context, emerging evidence strongly suggests that glial cells play a key role in controlling multiple steps of neurogenesis. Those cells, of particular radial glia, are important for migration, cell specification, and integration of neurons into a functional neural network. This review aims to present an update in the neurogenesis area and highlight the modulation of neural stem cell differentiation by neurotransmitters, growth factors, and their receptors, with possible applications for cell therapy strategies of neurological disorders. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Adaptive online processor management algorithms for multimedia data communication with QoS sensitivity
Authors: Kim Sungwook
Published: November 2008

Energy consumption has become an increasingly important consideration in many real‐time systems. Therefore, the design and analysis for energy‐efficient processor management techniques is an important and widely open research field. In this paper, I propose new online processor management algorithms to control heterogeneous multimedia services while maximizing energy efficiency. These online management algorithms—quality of service control, service request admission and scheduling algorithms—are combined in an integrated framework for higher system performance and energy efficiency. The most important feature of my proposed online framework is its adaptability, flexibility, and responsiveness to current system conditions. Simulation results clearly indicate the superior performance of my proposed framework to strike the appropriate performance balance between contradictory requirements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mycobacterium chelonae Peritonitis in a Failed Kidney Transplant Patient on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Wang Paul Yung Pou
Published: November 2008

Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. chelonae are the most widely described rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium pathogens causing peritonitis in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). M. chelonae infections have been reported to be associated with renal transplant recipients as well. Although its incidence is low, clinical suspicion of this pathogen is necessary in order to accurately diagnose the organism to prevent delay of appropriate treatment. We present a case of a patient with a recent failed kidney transplant who developed an exit‐site infection and CAPD peritonitis from M. chelonae. This article reviews the literature about rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium–related peritonitis and offers insight into its therapy.
Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacteremia in a Non‐Diabetic, Immunocompetent Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Javaid Muhammad M. , Rumjon Adam , Cubbon Marc
Published: November 2008

Ochrobactrum anthropi is a rare human pathogen that is usually only associated with significant infection in immunocompromised, debilitated hosts with indwelling medical devices. It has rarely been implicated as a cause of bacteremia in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A review of the literature reveals only 2 reports of O. anthropi bacteremia in HD patients, all of whom were either diabetic or on therapeutic immunosuppression. We describe a case of O. anthropi bacteremia in an immunocompetent non‐diabetic HD patient and present a short review of the literature. Ciprofloxacin therapy failed to eradicate the infection despite in vitro susceptibility of the isolate. The organism subsequently developed resistance to ciprofloxacin and was only eradicated after removal of the patient's tunneled HD central venous catheter and treatment with IV meropenem.
The effects of reference prices on bidding behavior in interactive pricing mechanisms
Authors: Wolk Agnieszka , Spann Martin
Published: November 2008

We examine the effect of reference prices on consumer bidding behavior in interactive pricing mechanisms used in online retailing, e.g., auctions and name-your-own-price. We find significant influences of different reference price concepts on bid values. However, after controlling for internal and external reference prices, sellers only have a moderate ability to affect bid values via the provision of an advertised reference price. An exaggerated advertised reference price increases the bid value among consumers who consider it to be believable. However, its effect is reversed in the presence of an external reference price if consumers consider it unbelievable, decreasing bid values.
Developing a scale to measure the enjoyment of Web experiences
Authors: Lin Aleck , Gregor Shirley , Ewing Michael
Published: November 2008

We investigate the nature and extent of enjoyment experienced by users of the Web by developing an instrument for the measurement of this new construct. We establish the reliability and validity of the instrument through a range of psychometric tests. We show that the instrument may have both managerial and theory-building applications in predicting and explaining Web users'attitudes, experiences, and behaviors.
GABA neurotransmitter signaling in the developing mouse lens: Dynamic regulation of components and functionality
Authors: Kwakowsky Andrea , Schwirtlich Marija , Kooy Frank , Ábrahám István , Máté Zoltán , Katarova Zoya , Szabó Gábor
Published: November 2008

Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system, serves as a signaling molecule modulating diverse processes during embryonic development. Earlier we have demonstrated that different forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are differentially regulated during mouse lens development. Here we show that the developing lens expresses also components of GABA signaling downstream of GAD. Multiple GABAA and GABAB receptor subunits as well as the GABA transporters show expression profiles highly correlated with the expression of different GADs. GABA receptors (GABAR) and the vesicular GABA transporter localize at the apical/basal membranes of the lens epithelia and differentiating fibers and may be involved in conventional GABAR‐mediated signaling, while the membrane GABA transporters may also function as Na+/Cl−/GABA carriers. The functionality of GABAR was verified by calcium imaging in whole lenses. Our data suggest that GABA synthesized locally by GAD, acts through GABA receptors by modulating the intracellular calcium levels. Developmental Dynamics 237:3830–3841, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two neuron clusters in the stem of postembryonic zebrafish brain specifically express relaxin‐3 gene: First evidence of nucleus incertus in fish
Authors: Donizetti Aldo , Grossi Mario , Pariante Paolo , D'Aniello Enrico , Izzo Gaia , Minucci Sergio , Aniello Francesco
Published: November 2008

We examined the spatial expression of the relaxin‐3 gene in the developing zebrafish brain, one of the vertebrate model systems in which this gene has been identified. Until the pharyngula stage, the gene is expressed diffusely in the brain, where, starting at about 40 hpf, the transcripts appear restricted in a midbrain cell cluster of the periaqueductal gray. Later, at 72 hpf, the transcripts are still evident in that cluster and distributed in a larger cell number; at this stage, the gene is also expressed posteriorly, in a smaller cell group that, as we report for the first time, could be homologous to mammalian nucleus incertus. The gene expression persists in both cell clusters at 96 hpf. This pattern indicates both conserved and divergent expression features of the relaxin‐3 gene among developing zebrafish and rat brains, where only scattered cells express the gene in the periaqueductal gray. Developmental Dynamics 237:3864–3869, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Fer testis (FerT) tyrosine kinase transcript variants and distribution sites of FerT during the development of the acrosome‐acroplaxome‐manchette complex in rat spermatids
Authors: Kierszenbaum Abraham L. , Rivkin Eugene , Tres Laura L.
Published: November 2008

We report the association of testicular Fer, a non‐receptor tyrosine kinase, with acrosome development and remodeling of the acrosome‐associated acroplaxome plate during spermatid head shaping. A single gene expresses two forms of Fer tyrosine kinases in testis: a somatic form (FerS) and a truncated testis‐type form (FerT). FerT transcript variants are seen in spermatocytes and spermatids. FerS transcripts are not detected in round spermatids but are moderately transcribed in spermatocytes. FerT protein is associated with the spermatid medial/trans‐Golgi region, proacrosomal vesicles, the cytosolic side of the outer acrosome membrane and adjacent to the inner acrosome membrane facing the acroplaxome. FerT coexist in the acroplaxome with phosphorylated cortactin, a regulator of F‐actin dynamics. We propose that FerT participates in acrosome development and that phosphorylated cortactin may contribute to structural changes in F‐actin in the acroplaxome during spermatid head shaping. Developmental Dynamics 237:3882–3891, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Novel Route Toward Fabrication of Twofold‐Shaped CeO2 Dendrites
Authors: Zhang Dongen , Tong Zhiwei , Li Shanzhong , Zhang Xiaobo , Ying Ailing
Published: November 2008

Highly uniform twofold‐shaped CeO2 dendrites were successfully prepared in large quantities by using an approach that involves the thermal decomposition of the precursor. The precursor with an average size of 10 μm was prepared from the reaction of Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 with CO(NH2)2 at 160 °C in a water/diethanolamine (DEA) complex solution. The influence of DEA on dendrite formation is discussed. The dendritic pattern of precursor is almost retained in the as‐prepared product. The optical absorption spectrum indicates that the CeO2 dendrites have a direct bandgap of 3.42 eV. The electrochemical characteristic of the CeO2 dendrites structures have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the CeO2 dendrites can greatly improve the electron‐transfer ability. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A 2D Layered Metal–Organic Framework Constructed by Using a Hexanuclear Manganese Metallamacrocycle as a Supramolecular Building Block
Authors: Choi Jeungwook , Park Jaejoon , Park Mira , Moon Dohyun , Lah Myoung Soo
Published: November 2008

The hexanuclear manganese metallamacrocycle [Mn6(Haahz)6(dmso)6] (1) was prepared by using a new pentadentate ligand, N‐acetylaminobenzhydrazide (H4aahz), and a manganese ion as primary building blocks in dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso). Under identical conditions but in the presence of 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane (bpea) as an exo‐bidentate linker in dimethylformamide (dmf), the 2D layered metal–organic framework (MOF) [Mn6(Haahz)6(bpea)2(dmf)2]n (2) was obtained, where the hexanuclear manganese metallamacrocycle served as a supramolecular building block. The network topology of 2, a 3‐connected 4.82 topology, is quite different from those of the MOFs obtained from a similar pentadentate ligand, N‐acylsalicylhydrazide, although the same hexanuclear manganese metallamacrocycles were used as supramolecular building blocks and bpea was used as the same linker ligand. Although the layers of 2 are staggered relative to each other, the network has quite a large solvent cavity between the layers, because of the corrugated nature of the layer.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Polyimido Clusters of Neodymium and Uranium, Including a Cluster with an M6(μ3‐N)8 Core
Authors: Berthet Jean‐Claude , Thuéry Pierre , Ephritikhine Michel
Published: November 2008

NdI3 reacted with 1 or 8/6 equiv. of [PhNMg(thf)], in thf or pyridine, to afford the imido clusters [Nd4(NPh)4I4(thf)n] (n = 3, 4) or [Nd6(NPh)8I2(py)6], which display a cubane or rhombododecahedron core structure, respectively. In contrast, the tetranuclear UIV derivative [U4(NPh)6I4(py)6] was obtained from the reaction of UI3(py)4 with [PhNMg(thf)]. The crystal structures of these clusters are presented.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Generation of SmII Reductants Using High Intensity Ultrasound (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 32/2008)
Authors: Teprovich Joseph A. , Antharjanam P. K. Sudhadevi , Prasad Edamana , Pesciotta Esther N. , Flowers Robert A.
Published: November 2008

The cover picture shows the sonochemical preparation of samarium diiodide, samarium dibromide, and samarium triflate. The use of high intensity ultrasound (20 kHz) provides a straightforward and rapid approach to the synthesis of SmII compounds, some of which are not accessible by other means. Of particular importance is the fact that this approach can be used to produce SmII‐based reductants in a wide range of solvents, including alcohols. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by R. A. Flowers II et al. on p. 5015 ff. R. A. F. gratefully acknowledges the National Science Foundation (CHE‐0413845) for support of this work. Mr. Brian Casey is thanked for his assistance in the preparation of the cover.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Iridoid Derivatives Using Resolved 2‐Phenylindoline as a Chiral Auxiliary
Authors: Santangelo Ellen M. , Liblikas Ilme , Mudalige Anoma , Törnroos Karl W. , Norrby Per‐Ola , Unelius C. Rikard
Published: November 2008

An asymmetric synthetic route to cis,cis‐nepetalactol (component of the sex pheromone for the hop aphid, Phorodon humuli) is presented. 2‐Phenylindoline was resolved to provide a chiral auxiliary for the cycloaddition of oxocitral. The resolution was made by chromatographic separation of the diastereomers of the urea derivative made from 2‐phenylindoline and with (R)‐(+)‐α‐methylbenzyl isocyanate, followed by reductive cleavage of the isolated diasteromers using diborane. The cycloaddition of oxocitral using (S)‐2‐phenylindoline yielded an enantiopure product after chromatography. Hydrolysis of the cycloaddition adduct yielded gastrolactol (3). As gastrolactol is a versatile synthon for the synthesis of iridoids, the overall procedure provides a general asymmetric route to elaborated iridoids. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Stereoselective Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of UDP‐1,2‐cis‐furanoses from α,β‐Furanosyl 1‐Phosphates
Authors: Peltier Pauline , Guégan Jean‐Paul , Daniellou Richard , Nugier‐Chauvin Caroline , Ferrières Vincent
Published: November 2008

The biosynthesis of furanosyl‐containing glycoconjugates is poorly described, mainly due to the lack of UDP‐furanoses. Here we present our effort to synthesize rare nucleotide‐sugars with the aid of a multiple‐enzyme system, notably including galactose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase. Firstly, STD‐NMR techniques were used to probe the broad substrate specificity of this particular enzyme. The chemical synthesis of the needed furanosyl 1‐phosphate starting materials was then performed with unprotected thioimidoyl donors. This led to the first stereoselective chemoenzymatic syntheses of UDP‐β‐L‐arabinofuranose, UDP‐α‐D‐fucofuranose and UDP‐α‐D‐6F‐galactofuranose from starting mixtures of sugar‐phosphates.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
First Total Synthesis of 14C‐Labeled Procyanidin B2 – A Milestone Toward Understanding Cocoa Polyphenol Metabolism
Authors: Viton Florian , Landreau Cyrille , Rustidge David , Robert Fabien , Williamson Gary , Barron Denis
Published: November 2008

The idea that foods consumed for pure pleasure could provide health benefits received much recognition in the recent years. Among these foods, cocoa and dark chocolate are particularly rich in procyanidins, one of the major dietary families of polyphenols. We developed the first asymmetric total synthesis of procyanidin B2 and applied it to the preparation of a regioselectively radiolabeled 14C‐analogue, which will be used to strengthen our knowledge on the metabolism of procyanidins.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Intramolecular π‐Stacking in Isostructural Conformational Probes Depends Strongly on Charge Separation, a Proton NMR Study (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 33/2008)
Authors: Poudel Pramod Prasad , Chen Jing , Cammers Arthur
Published: November 2008

The cover picture shows isostructural, conformationally assayable molecules capable of associating aromatic moieties. The molecule that tends to fold is dicationic; the molecule that tends to unfold is a neutral hydrocarbon. This simple result deepens the conversation regarding dispersion in the context of ?‐stacking as a viable component in the control of conformation. Details are discussed in the article by A. Cammers et. al. on p. 5511 ff..
Identification of proteins from membrane preparations by a combination of MALDI TOF‐TOF and LC‐coupled linear ion trap MS analysis of an Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Lz4W, a strain with unsequenced genome
Authors: Jagannadham Medicharla V.
Published: November 2008

Multidimensional protein identification technology helps in identifying a large number of proteins with ESI by sequencing several peptides with MS/MS methods. When ionization and separation of different hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptides in a single process are difficult, a combination of LC‐coupled linear ion trap MS and MALDI TOF/TOF can be used for identification of proteins as shown in the present study. We have used this combinational approach to identify membrane proteins of the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Lz4W, which are separated by SDS gel electrophoresis. Although the genome of P. syringae Lz4W has not been sequenced, the known genome sequences of mesophilic Pseudomonas species have been used for the identification of the proteins. Broadly, many membrane proteins, proteins with a wide range of molecular weight and pI including some integral membrane proteins could be identified using this procedure. Some of the identified proteins are involved in low temperature adaptation.
Simultaneous LIF and retro‐reflected beam interference detection for CE
Authors: Xiong Bo , Wang Wei , Miao Xueyan , Zhou Xiaodong , Deng Yanzhuo , Zhou Ping , Hu Jiming
Published: November 2008

This Short Communication describes a novel optical detection method for CE, based on the combination of LIF detection and retro‐reflected beam interference detection. By the use of a side‐illuminated laser beam, an on‐column multifunctional detection for CE has been developed, and some key elements in the scheme have been optimized. In addition, two miscellaneous samples including fluorescent dyes, carbohydrates and amino acids have been determined to evaluate its performance. Without any additional pretreatment, sufficient LOD and linear ranges have been achieved for most analytes. Its performance in retro‐reflected beam interference detection is better than those mentioned in a former report, and its fluorescent sensitivity is comparable with the achievable sensitivity by conventional LIF systems, all of which together combine high sensitivity and universal analysis to a certain extent.
Development of a stability‐indicating CE assay for the determination of amlodipine enantiomers in commercial tablets
Authors: Fakhari Ali Reza , Nojavan Saeed , Haghgoo Soheila , Mohammadi Ali
Published: November 2008

A simple, accurate, precise and sensitive method using CD for separation and stability indicating assay of enantiomers of amlodipine in the commercial tablets has been established. Several types of CD were evaluated and best results were obtained using a fused‐silica capillary with phosphate running buffer (100 mM, pH 3.0) containing 5 mM hydroxypropyl‐α‐CD. The method has shown adequate separation for amlodipine enantiomers from its degradation products. The drug was subjected to oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and heat to apply stress conditions. The range of quantitation for both enantiomers was 5–150 μg/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day RSD (n=6) was <4%. The limit of quantification that produced the requisite precision and accuracy was found to be 5 μg/mL for both enantiomers. The LOD for both enantiomers was found to be 0.5 μg/mL. Degradation products produced as a result of stress studies did not interfere with the detection of enantiomers and the assay can thus be considered stability indicating.
Post‐quake decision analysis using dynamic programming
Authors: Yeo Gee Liek , Cornell C. Allin
Published: November 2008

We introduce a general decision analysis procedure based on stochastic dynamic programming in the post‐quake aftershock environment. The damage sustained by the building due to the mainsheet, the time‐varying aftershock rates and the potential for further damage progression in the post‐quake environment are all factors taken into consideration in the proposed methodology. This procedure enables the optimal decision after the mainshock to be selected based on the minimization of expected financial losses, subject to a constraint on a minimal level of individual life‐safety, using a consistent probabilistic framework to explicitly quantify the uncertainties in the variables. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of hard‐decision and soft‐decision channel codedM‐ary PPM performance over free space optical links
Authors: Muhammad S. Sheikh , Javornik Tomaž , Jelovčan Igor , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Leitgeb Erich
Published: November 2008

Error control codedM‐ary pulse position modulation (PPM) can be used over free space optical links to mitigate the atmospheric attenuations and the turbulence induced fading. In this paper, we present performance analysis for coded free space optics (FSO) communication systems operating over various atmospheric conditions. We justify the selection of higher state PPM as an appropriate modulation scheme for the links and provide a comparative analysis between hard decision decoded (Reed‐Solomon, RS) and soft decision decoded (Turbo) channel coded PPM over varying link conditions. Simulation results strongly indicate RS‐coded PPM as a robust and well‐performing coded‐modulation scheme for the FSO links. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nodal integral method for quadrilateral elements
Authors: Nezami Erfan G. , Singh Suneet , Sobh Nahil , Rizwan‐uddin
Published: November 2008

Nodal integral methods (NIMs) have been developed and successfully used to numerically solve several problems in science and engineering. The fact that accurate solutions can be obtained on relatively coarse mesh sizes, makes NIMs a powerful numerical scheme to solve partial differential equations. However, transverse integration procedure, a step required in the NIMs, limits its applications to brick‐like cells, and thus hinders its application to complex geometries. To fully exploit the potential of this powerful approach, abovementioned limitation is relaxed in this work by first using algebraic transformation to map the arbitrarily shaped quadrilaterals, used to mesh the arbitrarily shaped domain, into rectangles. The governing equations are also transformed. The transformed equations are then solved using the standard NIM. The scheme is developed for the Poisson equation as well as for the time‐dependent convection–diffusion equation. The approach developed here is validated by solving several benchmark problems. Results show that the NIM coupled with an algebraic transformation retains the coarse mesh properties of the original NIM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms involved in the down‐regulation of TCR ζ chain in tumor versus peripheral blood of oral cancer patients
Authors: Kulkarni Dakshayini P. , Wadia Persis P. , Pradhan Trupti N. , Pathak Alok Kumar , Chiplunkar Shubhada V.
Published: November 2008

Immune dysfunction is the hallmark of patients with oral cancer. Down‐regulation of T cell receptor (TCR) ζ chain expression was observed in T cells from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. In peripheral blood, the decrease in TCR ζ chain showed an inverse correlation with the tumor stage as demonstrated by western blotting, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The mechanism of TCR ζ chain degradation in the peripheral blood involves ubiquitination and subsequent targeting of TCR ζ for degradation in the lysosome. Decreased expression of PKC θ and the subsequent decrease of TCR ζ chain transcription factor Elf‐1 and its binding to DNA may contribute to the decreased/or absent TCR ζ chain transcripts in the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Oral cancer patients exhibiting TCR ζ chain defect also showed impaired lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine profile and intracellular calcium release upon stimulation with anti CD3 mAb. Our data shows that posttranslational degradation is primarily responsible for decreased TCR ζ chain expression in the peripheral blood, while a transcriptional defect is observed in the tumor compartment. The down‐regulation of TCR ζ chain culminates into impaired lymphocyte responses in these patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of p44/42 activation in tributyltin‐induced inhibition of human natural killer cells: effects of MEK inhibitors
Authors: Abraha Abraham B. , Whalen Margaret M.
Published: November 2008

Destruction of tumor cells is a key function of natural killer (NK) cells. Previous studies have shown that tributyltin (TBT) can significantly reduce the lytic function of the human NK cells with accompanying increases in the phosphorylation (activation) states of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p44/42. The current studies examine the role of p44/42 activation in the TBT‐induced reduction of NK‐lytic function, by using MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126. A 1 h treatment with PD98059 or U0126 or both decreased the ability of NK cells to lyse K562 tumor cells. PD98059, U0126 or a combination of both inhibitors were able to completely block TBT‐induced activation of p44/42. However, when p44/42 activation was blocked by the presence of PD98059, U0126 or the combination, subsequent exposure to TBT was still able to decrease the lytic function of NK cells. These results indicate that TBT‐induced activation of p44/42 occurs via the activation of its upstream activator, MEK, and not by a TBT‐induced inhibition of p44/42 phosphatase activity. Additionally, as lytic function was never completely blocked by MEK inhibitors, the results indicate that activation of p44/42 pathway is not solely responsible for the activation of lytic function of freshly isolated human NK cells. Finally, the results showed that TBT‐induced activation of p44/42 is not solely responsible for the loss of lytic function. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.