bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Immune Related ceRNA Network in Osteoarthritis: Key Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Shi Jia-qi , Chen Li , Wang Xu , Ma Xin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The aim of this study was to explore the immune-related competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in osteoarthritis (OA), focusing on identifying differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), constructing a classification model, and uncovering the associations between these lncRNAs and immune cell subsets in OA.

Material and methods

Microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in synovial tissue of OA. A classification model was constructed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression with selected lncRNAs. Computational methods like CIBERSORT were employed to quantify immune cell infiltration patterns, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to delineate co-expression modules. Finally, a ceRNA network was constructed to elucidate the regulatory interactions among lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs.

Results

We identified 5927 DEGs, among which 47 were differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DELs). Seven DELs (DGCR11, FAM215A, HCG9, PART1, FAM106A, NOP14-AS1, PRORY) formed the basis of a classification model with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 1. We also examined the infiltration patterns of immune cells in OA tissues and found significant differences compared to healthy controls, indicating a strong immunological component in OA pathogenesis. WGCNA identified a turquoise module with a high correlation to OA traits.

Conclusions

The study highlights the importance of ceRNA networks in understanding the complex pathogenesis of OA and offers a comprehensive framework for future research into potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Survival analysis of antibiotics in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass in the intensive care unit: A study based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database
Authors: Ma Xian , He Jie , Liu Jiangmin , Zi Congna
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This project was designed to evaluate the influence of antibiotics on the survival of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) treatment.

Material and methods

This retrospective cohort study included data of 7,296 patients who underwent CPB surgery and were admitted to the ICU from MIMIC-IV database. Patients with CPB were grouped according to their survival time of more than 30 days or less after admission and whether antibiotics were used, with baseline characteristics analyzed. Survival differences were demonstrated by utilizing Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves.

Results

In CPB patients grouped according to survival time, great differences were detected in laboratory indexes, comorbidities, and treatment information. In terms of disease severity scores, vital signs, and comorbidity, there were notable differences in the data in CPB patients grouped by whether antibiotics were administrated. K-M curves manifested that the use of antibiotics substantially increased the 30-day survival rate of all CPB patients as well as CPB patients without sepsis complications. Landmark analysis indicated that the use of antibiotics greatly heightened the survival rates of all CPB patients and CPB patients without sepsis complications at 7 and 14 days after ICU admission.

Conclusions

In CPB patients admitted to the ICU, the rational use of antibiotics for treatment and prophylaxis can remarkably minimize the risk of patient mortality. These findings proffer essential references for clinical practice, assisting healthcare professionals to better assess and manage CPB patients in the ICU and formulate appropriate treatment plans to improve patient survival rates.
Withaferin-A Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Growth and Metastasis By Targeting the HSP90/HIF-1α/EMT axis
Authors: Lu Wen-qi , Li Xiang-de , Gu Yunman , Huang Jiang-ming , Qin Yan-kai , Cai Xiao-yong , Wang Chunming
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Withaferin-A (WA) derived from natural products can inhibit the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro and in vivo.

Material and methods

Transcriptome sequencing showed that the WA inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway (EMT), HSP90, and HIF-1α genes of CRC, and further experiments showed that WA inhibited HSP90, HIF-1α, E-Cadherin, and Co-IP, signifying that WA inhibits the protein interaction between HSP90 and HIF-1α. Knockdown of HIF-1α can reduce the migration and invasion capabilities of HCT116 and SW480 cells, and in vivo experiments have proved that HIF-1α knockdown SW480 lung metastasis cells have significantly reduced in numbers compared to the control group.

Results

The classic HSP90 inhibitor, 17-AAG, can inhibit the migration and invasion of HCT116 and SW480 cells. We performed Q-PCR and western blot and found that 17-AAG can inhibit HSP90 and HIF-1α of CRC. The overexpression of HSP90 on HIF-1α knockdown SW480 cells can reinstate the migration and invasion ability, HIF-1α protein expression level, and protein binding ability of HSP90 and HIF-1α in SW480 cells.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that WA inhibits CRC's growth, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the HSP90/HIF-1α/EMT axis. Our result showed that WA may be one of the potential targets for the management and eventual cure of CRC.
The protective effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and the incidence of ovarian cancer: a nationwide cohort preliminary study
Authors: Ting Ke-Hsin , Huang Jing-Yang , Liao Pei-Lun , Lee Chia-Yi , Yang Shun-Fa
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are commonly used antihyperglycemic medications that also exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Ovarian cancer, a common gynecological neoplasm, is associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Thus, this study investigated the correlation between the usage of SGLT2 inhibitors and the incidence of ovarian cancer in the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Material and methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted, and patients with T2DM were divided into those who used SGLT2 inhibitors and those who did not. A total of 163 668 and 327 336 patients with T2DM were categorized into the SGLT2 inhibitor and control groups, respectively. The primary outcome was the development of ovarian cancer, as identified using diagnostic codes and laboratory examination findings. Cox proportional hazard regression was adopted to yield the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ovarian cancer events between the two groups.

Results

A total of 167 and 222 patients developed ovarian cancer in the SGLT2 inhibitor and control groups, respectively. The incidence of ovarian cancer was significantly lower in the SGLT2 inhibitor group than in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60-0.89, P = 0.0023). Subgroup analysis stratified by oral medications revealed that the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on ovarian cancer development was significantly different from those of biguanides, sulfonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This preliminary study showed that the administration of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM is associated with a lower incidence of ovarian cancer.
Facts and myths about use and effect of statins in patients with dyslipidaemia - a survey of physicians.
Authors: Hendzel Agata , Krzyżanowski Filip , Kłoda Karolina , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka , Babicki Mateusz
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Statins are the primary medications used to treat lipid disorders. However, numerous myths surrounding statin therapy lead to patient non-adherence and therapy discontinuation. The aim of this study was to assess the most common patient concerns regarding statin use.

Material and methods

A survey was conducted targeting doctors using an online questionnaire The first section included questions regarding socio-economic status, while the second focused on patient experiences related to refusing statin treatment due to fears of specific side effects, encounters with side effects during therapy, and estimates of the percentage of patients who discontinue treatment. The concluding section addressed the most common reasons for treatment termination from the perspective of practitioners, along with efforts to educate their patients.

Results

260 questionnaires were collected. Notably, 84% and 81% of doctors reported encountering refusals of statin treatment due to patients’ fears of liver and muscle damage, respectively. The majority of respondents indicated that 10-20% of patients discontinue treatment on their own, despite significant side effects occurring in less than 10% of cases. Muscular symptoms were cited as the reason for discontinuing therapy in 75% of cases, while misinformation regarding statin side effects contributed to 53% of discontinuations. Additionally, 96.5% of doctors acknowledged efforts to educate their patients about statins.

Conclusions

Many harmful beliefs about the side effects of statins persist among patients, resulting in non-adherence to treatment. The most prevalent concerns involve fears related to muscle and liver damage. These issues can be mitigated through targeted education for both patients and healthcare professionals.
A Causal Inference Study on the Impact of Asthma on the Onset of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Liu Wusheng , XU YuHui , Zhu Zanlei , Zhang ShiHao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Respiratory diseases have long been a focus of research in the field of public health, posing a serious threat to the health of the global population ，Asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are two common respiratory ailments with overlapping pathogenesis.

Material and methods

In this study, utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach and analyzing publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets, we explored the causal impact of asthma on the onset of COPD. Using genetic instrumental variables associated with asthma (p < 5 × 10⁻⁸) and applying multiple MR methods (IVW, MR-Egger, and weighted median), we identified a significant causal relationship between asthma and COPD. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method indicated that asthma increases the risk of developing COPD with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.58, p = 0.002).

Results

Additionally, multivariable MR analysis was performed to account for potential confounders, such as eosinophil count, smoking, and falls, which demonstrated that the association remains significant even after adjusting for these factors (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08–1.50, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

This study provides robust evidence supporting the causal link between asthma and COPD, offering a more comprehensive understanding of their relationship.
Keywords: Asthma, GWAS, Mendelian Randomization, Causal Relationship, COPD, Environmental Exposure Factors
Low Back Pain among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Poland
Authors: Bałoniak Andrzej , Stępka Jan , Woźna Julia , Łapaj Łukasz , Chodór Paweł , Owecki Maciej
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Medical students may be at higher risk due to prolonged sitting and stress. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of LBP and disability among Polish medical students and identify associated risk factors.

Material and methods

In this study, 533 medical students, predominantly female (66.4%) with a median age of 22, were surveyed via an online questionnaire. The survey used the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to evaluate LBP and depression symptoms. Demographic data and information on smoking, exercise, sitting duration, spine posture, past and present LBP, pain duration, intensity, and analgesic use were also collected.

Results

Point prevalence LBP was 70.95% while 78.26% of participants reported past history of LBP. The median LBP intensity measured with Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was 3 and median ODI score was 10%. Overall female medical students suffered more from LBP than males (66.4% vs 33.6%). Following LBP risk factors were identified in the studied group: past episodes of LBP (OR: 2.92), sitting 8 hours per day (OR: 2.44), as well as 10 hours or more (OR: 2.95) moderate and severe depression symptoms (OR: 2.51, OR: 7.33 respectively).

Conclusions

Prevalence of low back pain among medical students in the studied group is high, resulting in mild disability, with females experiencing more severe symptoms than males. Past LBP episodes, sitting 8 hours or more, and depression symptoms are independent risk factors for developing LBP among Polish medical students.
Trends in stroke prevalence caused by an elevated BMI in the European population
Authors: Tao Mengjun , Wu Yang , Cao Huiru , Peng Hui
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study investigated the complex relationship between an elevated body mass index (BMI) and stroke risk in Europe amidst rising obesity rates and an aging population.

Material and methods

A joinpoint model was used to fit the data on stroke mortality rates attributed to an elevated BMI. The age period cohort model was used to analyze the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on trends in stroke prevalence related to an elevated BMI from 1990–2019 in the European context. A Bayesian model was used to predict stroke mortality from increased BMI in Europe in 2020-2044.

Results

Stroke mortality rates attributed to an elevated BMI displayed a wave-like declining trend in Europe, decreasing from 21.73/100,000 in 1990 to 14.01/100,000 in 2019. The most substantial decline in stroke mortality rate occurred between 2003 and 2013 ( -4.10%，P<0.001). Male mortality rates decreased from 21.48/100,000 in 1990 to 15.45/100,000 in 2019, while female rates declined more significantly from 21.40/100,000 in 1990 to 12.48/100,000 in 2019. Age-standardised stroke mortality due to increased BMI is expected to decline in Europe over the next 25 years.

Conclusions

From 1990 to 2019, stroke mortality rates associated with elevated BMI in Europe steadily increased. However, projections indicate that this trend may shift, with a slight decline expected in the near future. Given these patterns, there is an urgent need in Europe to enhance weight management strategies for stroke patients and increase public health awareness, particularly focusing on men and the elderly, to help reduce stroke-related mortality.
Interleukin 6: A Friend or Foe in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Alhamawi Renad , Mohammedsaeed Walaa , Aljumaa Maha
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum cytokine levels, particularly Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Material and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 patients diagnosed with either T1D or T2D from January 2022 to December 2023 at the endocrinology and diabetes department of Madinah Hospital, Saudi Arabia.

Results

A total of 200 individuals with type T1D (n=100) or T2D (n=100) were enrolled in this research. Male patients (54%) and those aged 30–50 (67.5%) dominated the cohort. About 50% had diabetes for less than 10 years, and 49.5% were overweight. 63.5% had reduced glomerular filtration rate, whereas 46% (n=92) had albuminuria. T1D patients were mostly normal weight, while T2D patients were overweight or obese. Both diabetes types had identical kidney damage stages. T1D patients are more likely to have moderately elevated albuminuria (53% vs. 37%, p <0.05) than T2D individuals. T1D patients had considerably lower serum cytokine levels than T2D patients. IL-6 levels were moderately correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = -0.318, p<0.01) and HbA1c (r= -0.319, p<0.01) in T1D patients. IL-6 had a modest correlation with renal dysfunction markers, including GFR and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (r= -0.250, p<0.05 and r= 0.338, p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Lower serum IL-6 levels in T1D patients are linked to delayed onset of kidney damage. The pro-inflammatory role of IL-6 may contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy in T1D patients, as indicated by its association with albuminuria and renal function markers.
2024: The Year in Cardiovascular Disease - The Year of Lipoprotein(a) – Research Advances and New Findings.
Authors: Sosnowska Bożena , Toth Peter P. , Razavi Alexander C , Remaley Alan T , Blumenthal Roger S , Banach Maciej
Published: February 2025

Elevated plasma Lp(a) levels, which occur in as many as 1.5 billion people worldwide, are an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic valve disease. Unlike low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Lp(a) levels are approximately 90% genetically determined. Currently, no approved pharmacological therapies specifically target lowering Lp(a) concentrations. Several drugs, mainly RNA-based therapies, that specifically and potently lower Lp(a), are under investigation. Three of these new therapeutic agents are advancing through clinical development to evaluate whether reducing Lp(a) levels can decrease cardiovascular risk. The outcomes of these trials could potentially transform cardiovascular disease prevention strategies; however, once approved, the drugs will likely be used for secondary prevention and ongoing strategies for managing elevated Lp(a) in primary prevention will be important. Lipoprotein(a) research is a rapidly evolving field, but unanswered questions remain concerning the physiological function of Lp(a) and its true pathogenic mechanisms.
The Role of Biotechnology Education in Nigeria's Industrialization and Sustainable Development
Authors: Tokunbo DELPHONSO Bamidele , Modupe KAYODE-ISOLA Tayo , Adebayo OLALEKAN Abass
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the critical role of biotechnology education in facilitating technological development and industrial expansion in Nigeria. It posits that the integration of biotechnology into educational curricula is essential for addressing global needs and promoting sustainable development. The study evaluates the current state of science and technology education in Nigeria, highlighting significant challenges such as outdated curricula, insufficient practical training, inadequate infrastructure, and a misalignment between academic institutions and industry requirements. The incorporation of biotechnology instruction into the curriculum would enable students to acquire practical knowledge applicable across various sectors, thereby fostering economic growth, enhancing self-sufficiency, and mitigating unemployment. Through an analysis of its diverse applications and historical context, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential benefits of biotechnology. Furthermore, it delineates the impact of biotechnology education on industrial, healthcare, and agricultural processes, emphasizing its significance in promoting innovation and sustainable practices. The study also presents a comparative analysis of nations that have achieved substantial technological advancements and successfully implemented biotechnology education. To support the integration of biotechnology education in Nigeria, the paper proposes practical strategies for curriculum enhancement and policy implementation. These recommendations encompass conducting training sessions and workshops for educators, upgrading laboratory facilities, and fostering industry-academia collaborations. By implementing these strategies, Nigeria can establish a robust educational foundation, equipping the next generation with the expertise and skills necessary to drive technological innovation and achieve sustainable development.
Petrophysical Evaluation of Nwosa Field, Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria; Implication for Depositional Environment
Authors: M. N. Mba-Otike, , R. U. Ideozu, , N. I Odiaka,
Published: February 2025

Well log data were studied to evaluate their petrophysical properties and to decipher the depositional environment of sediments in Nwosa Field, Offshore Niger Delta. The materials used for this study comprised well log data (detailed measurements from various geological formations) well header data (metadata of each well, as well as identification and operational details, deviation data (indicating the angles of deviation of each well from vertical) and the Petrel Software was employed for geological modeling and analysis. A reservoir bodies X was identified, with the environment of deposition for reservoir interpreted as a deltaic sequence occurring at a depth of 8510-8600ft. While below the deltaic sequence is a bar at a depth of 7940-800ft. The average petrophysical parameters were calculated for reservoir X and the properties obtained are porosity (21%), permeability (1533.7md), net-to-gross (0.608911), oil saturation (55%) and STOIIP (63.0111mmstb). This is an implication that the reservoir formation is porous and permeable with good interconnected pore spaces within the reservoir stratigraphic units.
Inteligencia artificial en la mejora del talento humano y gestión del conocimiento en organizaciones: una revisión sistemática en Scopus
Authors: López Urbina José del Carmen
Published: February 2025

Este estudio analiza la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la gestión del talento humano y el conocimiento organizacional mediante una revisión sistemática de 50 artículos científicos indexados en Scopus. Se empleó una metodología de revisión documental con criterios de selección basados en relevancia y actualidad. Se identificaron las principales aplicaciones de IA en la optimización de procesos administrativos, la personalización de programas de formación y la toma de decisiones estratégicas basadas en datos. Entre los enfoques analizados destacan el aprendizaje automático, la minería de datos y los sistemas expertos, los cuales han mejorado la evaluación del desempeño, la selección de personal y la gestión del conocimiento. Los resultados evidencian que la IA ha incrementado la eficiencia en la gestión del talento, aunque persisten desafíos como la calidad de los datos, la resistencia organizacional y los sesgos en los algoritmos de selección. Se concluye que la adopción de IA en recursos humanos sigue en crecimiento, promoviendo modelos de gestión más adaptativos. Sin embargo, es necesario abordar sus limitaciones mediante marcos normativos y estrategias de supervisión que garanticen una implementación ética, equitativa y alineada con los objetivos organizacionales.
Paternidades fallidas
Authors: Romão Valério , Uribe Jorge
Published: February 2025

La trilogía Paternidades Fallidas, compuesta por las novelas Autismo, El de Joana y Caer en cuenta, sumerge al lector en una Lisboa contemporánea y cosmopolita, en la cual la tradicional saudade portuguesa explora las formas desencantadas de la marginalidad occidental de una Europa precarizada. El autor, Valério Romão, presenta una ciudad casi anónima, suburbana y desclasada, donde las referencias a la alta cultura se convierten en objetos de consumo desechables o meramente decorativos. Romão comparte con otros escritores portugueses contemporáneos, como Gonçalo M. Tavares, Paulo José Miranda y José Luis Peixoto, una prosa impregnada por la poesía que la transforma y la distiende. Sus novelas sorprenden por la capacidad de explorar las complejidades de las relaciones familiares sin banalizar el amor, el desamor, la ascendencia y el abandono. La trilogía propone un auténtico viaje por los intrincados caminos de la familia como estructura social, revelando tanto el consuelo como el trauma, y asegurando a Romão un lugar destacado en las letras portuguesas por su habilidad para inventar nuevos y fatales desencantos.
Más allá del fantasma
Authors: Martínez Orozco María Juliana , Torres Londoño Patricia
Published: February 2025

Durante medio siglo, la producción cultural en Colombia se ha desarrollado bajo la sombra del realismo mágico, en particular las obras de Gabriel García Márquez, en las que los fantasmas cuentan historias sobre el pasado violento del país y advierten sobre un futuro desolador. Décadas después, la violencia en Colombia no da tregua, pero los recursos críticos del realismo mágico ya no ex­plican estos nuevos ciclos de la violencia en el país, lo que da origen al “realismo espectral”. A lo largo de estas páginas, Juliana Martínez argumenta que novelis­tas, cineastas y artistas contemporáneos —desde Evelio Rosero y William Vega hasta Beatriz González y Erika Diettes— comparten una preocupación formal y temática por lo espectral, pero cambian el foco de lo que el fantasma es a lo que el espectro produce. Estas obras no hablan de fantasmas, sino que utilizan la espectralidad para desestabilizar la realidad, lo que implica desafiar la autori­dad de la visión y la cronología histórica de la modernidad, al tiempo que desmercantilizan los modos de representar la violencia. Lo anterior crea un espacio crítico para reflexionar sobre la relación entre ética y estética en contextos de violencia, y ofrece alternativas que buscan justicia y reparación simbólica para sus víctimas. Más allá del fantasma plantea una nueva perspectiva de la política y la ética de la representación por medio de una estética espectral, relevante para una variedad de contextos sociohistórico.
Bio-Deterioration, and Antioxidant Activities of Chrysophyllum Albidum-Linn Fruits Treated with Acetic Acid
Authors: Oguntimehin Monica Oluwatoyin
Published: February 2025

Chrysophyllum albidum fruits also known as African star apple (ASA), face limited availability throughout the year due to biochemical and microbial alterations. This study aimed to explore the impact of specific postharvest techniques on the antioxidant activities and microbial decay of African star apple fruits during storage. Fresh, Ripe and healthy fruits were treated with Acetic acid (AA) and then stored under controlled conditions for 15 days. The assessment encompassed microbial counts and antioxidant capacity. The outcomes revealed that fruits treated postharvest with varied concentrations of acetic acid exhibited decreased microbial counts compared to untreated counterparts. Certain microbial strains were observed on healthy and deteriorated African star apple fruits. The identified genera consist of Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Mucor, Cladosporium, Saccharomyces, Alternaria, Trichophyton, Rhodotorula, Penicillium, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus. Some of these microorganisms are pathogenic and if present in high numbers, can lead to food spoilage and potentially cause foodborne illnesses. Treated fruits demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activities and higher levels of total phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid compared to untreated fruits. Variations were observed in carotenoid contents of fruits treated while glutathione activities increased in fruits treated with acetic acid, indicating varied responses to different treatments. Overall, it was concluded that all acetic acid postharvest treatments, especially at higher doses and immersion times, possess the potential to uphold the quality attributes of Chrysophyllum albidum fruits compared to the control groups when stored under ambient conditions of 28 ± 2 oC and 90 ± 5% relative humidity for 15 days.
Clindamycin Plus Benzoyl Peroxide and Adapalene (Cabtreo)
Authors: CDA-AMC
Published: February 2025

Reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform nonbinding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada’s federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses Clindamycin 1.2% plus benzoyl peroxide 3.1% and adapalene 0.15% topical gel (Cabtreo).
Indication: For the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in patients 12 years of age and older.
The Transformative Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Economics
Authors: Silmi Tsabita Atina
Published: February 2025

The swift progress in artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to have a profound impact on the global economy. This document systematically reviews the economic implications of AI, placing a central emphasis on improving productivity and fostering economic growth. It explores the consequences of AI on employment and examines whether it will contribute to the widening of income inequality. In consideration of these aspects, a summary is provided regarding the implementation of public policies designed to alleviate potential negative effects of AI on employment structures and income distribution. Lastly, the paper concludes with a brief overview and delineates potential areas for future research. The insights from this study are essential for formulating effective policy strategies to navigate the societal and economic consequences of AI. In summary, the world must be ready to confront both the challenges and opportunities arising from the rapid advancements in the field of AI to maximize benefits and minimize risks
Golden Arches Going Green: The Impact of McDonald’s Sustainability Achievements on Public Image
Authors: Lee Yong Yu , Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Neng Ang Vernoon Wei , Vadhi Vehlan Laneishwar A/L Sri Satthian , Lee Li Xin , Lee See Ming , Ardel Muhammad Raid
Published: February 2025

This paper analyzes the correlation between McDonald's sustainability achievements and its public image. Despite receiving criticism for its environmental and social impact, McDonald's has recently made notable progress in sustainability by setting targets to source sustainable coffee, palm oil, and fish, as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By utilizing a quantitative approach involving 108 customer surveys, this study investigates the influence of McDonald's sustainability achievements on its public image. The survey results reveal that respondents who were aware of McDonald's sustainability efforts exhibited a more favorable perception of the company. This study concludes that McDonald's sustainability endeavors have contributed to its environmental and social responsibility objectives while enhancing its reputation among stakeholders. Moreover, the research findings shed light on the factors that affect sustainability perception and the public image of fast-food brands. Furthermore, it calls for future research to explore the impact of cultural factors and stakeholder perspectives on the public image of fast-food chains. The findings offer valuable insights into the potential advantages of sustainability initiatives for companies aiming to improve their public image and foster consumer trust
The Case of Charles Taylor from the Perspective of Individual Criminal Responsibility in Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Rasyidah Nur Aliya
Published: February 2025

Crimes against humanity are one of the most serious violations of international criminal law, including widespread and systematic acts against civilians, such as murder, sexual slavery and torture. The principle of individual criminal responsibility is applied to ensure that perpetrators, including leaders of a state, can be tried for their actions. The case of Charles Taylor, former President of Liberia, is an important study of how international criminal law prosecutes leaders of states who support crimes against humanity through ad hoc courts. This paper uses a juridical-normative method with a case approach. The results of the study show that the verdict on Charles Taylor confirms the principle that no individual, not even a head of state, is immune from the law. However, the enforcement of international criminal law requires increased cross-country cooperation, strengthening of international judicial institutions, and mechanisms to cut off the funding of armed conflicts, to ensure global justice and human rights protection are better protected.
ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO EM COMPUTAÇÃO II: USO DO SOFTWARE SCRATCH COMO FERRAMENTA DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Ribeiro Jorge William dos Santos , Barbosa Luiz Sérgio de Oliveira
Published: February 2025

Este artigo apresenta a experiência de estágio supervisionado II em Licenciatura em Computação, realizado no Ensino Médio, com foco na aplicação do Software Scratch como ferramenta pedagógica. O estágio ocorreu no Centro Educacional de Tempo Integral Dom Jorge Edward Marskell na cidade de Itacoatiara no estado do Amazonas, possibilitando ao autor vivenciar desafios reais da docência e da inserção tecnológica no ensino. A experiência revelou a baixa utilização de recursos digitais na escola, evidenciando a necessidade de capacitação docente e melhor infraestrutura. A abordagem com o Software Scratch demonstrou ser uma alternativa inovadora para ensinar lógica de programação de forma interativa, estimulando o interesse dos alunos. Além disso, o estágio permitiu reflexões sobre o papel do educador no uso de tecnologia para melhorar o aprendizado. A experiência destacou a importância da prática pedagógica na formação docente e o impacto positivo da tecnologia no ensino, tornando o estágio um espaço fundamental de transformação e aprendizado para alunos e professores.
Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Raporlamasına Yönelik Çerçeve ve Standartları
Authors: Doğan Mesut , Ayhan Barış
Published: February 2025

Bu makale, kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik raporlamasına yönelik mevcut çerçeve ve standartları inceleyerek, düzenleyici yapıların ve politika güdüm belgelerinin çev-resel dengenin korunması ile ekonomik faaliyetlerin sürdürülebilirliğine katkılarını değerlendirmektedir. Dünya ekosistemindeki sürekli değişim ve küresel ısınmanın geri döndürülemez etkileri, Sanayi Devrimi sonrası insan faktörünün artmasıyla birlikte, sürdürülebilir raporlamayı stratejik bir zorunluluk haline getirmiştir. İnce-lenen düzenleyici yapıların dinamik yapısı, sürekli iyileştirme süreçlerine olanak tanımakta; bazıları uluslararası kabul görürken, diğerleri birleşme veya tasfiye sü-reçlerine girmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik raporlama-sının yaygınlaştırılmasının, üretim ve tüketim perspektifinden etkin bir etkileşimi destekleyerek, çevresel ve ekonomik hedeflere ulaşmada kritik rol oynayacağını ortaya koymaktadır.
EFISIENSI BIAYA TRANSPORTASI MELALUI OPTIMASI RUTE: PENDEKATAN SAVING MATRIX DAN NEAREST NEIGHBOR
Authors: Azmi Azmi , Melliana Melliana , Mahmud Soni Fajar , Rahman Hasbur
Published: February 2025

UKM Mie Basah Sukiyo, produsen mie basah rumahan di Jl. Siak, Kota Dumai, Riau, telah beroperasi selama 25 tahun dan melayani beragam pedagang bakso di wilayah Kota Dumai. Saat ini, UKM ini menghadapi tantangan dalam pendistribusian produk, karena proses pengiriman belum berjalan secara efisien. Rute pengantaran belum dirancang secara optimal dan cenderung memprioritaskan pelanggan dengan permintaan tertinggi tanpa memperhitungkan efektivitas rute keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang rute distribusi yang lebih efisien dan terstruktur sekaligus meminimalkan biaya distribusi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Saving Matrix dan Nearest Neighbor. Analisis menggunakan Saving Matrix berhasil mengurangi jumlah rute dari empat menjadi dua rute, sementara optimasi urutan pengiriman dengan Nearest Neighbor menurunkan jarak tempuh dari 43,1 km menjadi 39,3 km. Pengurangan jarak ini secara langsung menurunkan biaya transportasi bulanan dari Rp323.250 menjadi Rp293.750, sehingga terjadi penghematan sebesar Rp28.500 atau 8,81%.Kata kunci:  Distribusi, Nearest Neighbour, Saving Matrix.
Teknologi Mixed Reality Pada Aplikasi Pengenalan Hardware Komputer Berbasis Android
Authors: Sundari Siti , Dewi Arie Rafika , Rismayanti Rismayanti
Published: February 2025

Dunia teknologi yang semakin berkembang sangat berperan penting dalam dunia pendidikan, khususnya bagi siswa. Selama ini, siswa sangat bosan untuk mempelajari hal dari teks seperti buku. Dalam penggunaan komputer siswa sering kali tidak mengetahui 3 komponen dari komputer yaitu hardware, software dan brainware. Siswa hanya mampu mengoperasikan komputer tanpa mengenal hardware. Dalam penelitian ini, akan dirancang aplikasi untuk pengenalan hardware menggunakan mixed reality untuk media interaktif siswa dalam belajar mengenal hardware. Miixed reality menggabungkan teknologi augmented reality dengan teknologi virtual reality sehingga akan menarik siswa dalam belajar mengenal hardware komputer. Dalam melakukan proses perancangan ada 3 hal penting saat aplikasi akan dibangun, diantaranya yaitu membuka aplikasi mixed reality di platform android, kemudian scan objek tracker yaitu lantai, kemudian akan tampil objek 3D di platform android.
Sistem Pengurasan Akuarium Otomatis Berdasarkan Suhu dan Kekeruhan Dilengkapi Monitoring Jarak Jauh
Authors: Istiqomah Nur Annisa , Rohmah Ratnasari Nur
Published: February 2025

Salah satu hewan peliharaan yang digemari oleh semua kalangan baik itu kalangan muda hingga dewasa adalah ikan hias air tawar. Beberapa jenis ikan hias cukup peka terhadap kualitas air. Kualitas air akuarium yang kurang baik dapat menyebabkan tingkat stress yang tinggi hingga dapat berujung kematian pada ikan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan perawatan akuarium yang tepat agar ikan hias dapat bertahan lama dan tidak mudah mati. Penelitian ini bermaksud membuat sebuah alat smart drain, yang berfungsi untuk menguras air secara otomatis jika kondisi air kurang bagus. Alat ini juga dilengkapi kemampuan untuk memantau kondisi air jarak jauh. Alat ini dapat dimonitor dengan menggunakan IoT. IoT adalah sebuah sistem komunikasi antar perangkat yang dapat digunakan untuk pentransfer dan penganalisa data yang dihubungkan dengan jaringan internet sehingga dapat berbagi informasi antar perangkat. Saat ini IoT banyak digunakan karena memberikan kemudahan pada penggunanya, dengan digunakannya sistem ini monitoring perangakat dapat dipantau dengan aplikasi sehingga lebih efisiensi dalam pengoperasian perangkat. Terdapat beberapa parameter yang akan menjadi acuan dalam pengurasan air akuarium yaitu kekeruhan air dan suhu air. Beberapa komponen utama yang dibutuhkan yaitu sensor turbidity, sensor suhu, ESP32, relay, pompa air, step down 2596 dan LCD. ESP32 yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan mikrokontroler yang digunakan dalam IoT. Penggunaan sistem ini punya kelebihan dibandingkan jika pemeliharaan ikan memantau kondisi akuarium secara manual. Kelebihannya yaitu lebih efisen waktu dan pemelihara tidak perlu melakukan pengecekan secara manual yang terus berulang secara berkala.
ALGORITMA AES 128 DALAM MENGENKRIPSIKAN BERKAS BANSOS PADA KECAMATAN TIGABINANGA BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Tarigan Yusril Agita Prayoga , Aulia Rachmat , Elhanafi Andi Marwan
Published: February 2025

Kecamatan Tiga Binanga, yang terletak di Kabupaten Karo, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Dengan luas wilayah mencapai 160,38 km², jumlah penduduk yang tercatat sebesar 20.346 jiwa pada 24 Februari 2021, kecamatan ini memiliki kepadatan penduduk 127 jiwa/km², menjadikannya salah satu kecamatan yang cukup padat di Kabupaten Karo.
Kegiatan pembagian bantuan sosial (bansos) di Kecamatan Tiga Binanga dilakukan secara rutin untuk mendukung masyarakat. Namun, seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, data digital seringkali menghadapi risiko keamanan, termasuk kemungkinan pengubahan atau akses tidak sah oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, diperlukan metode yang efektif untuk melindungi data. Salah satu solusi yang dapat diterapkan adalah teknik kriptografi. Penelitian ini mengusulkan penggunaan Algoritma AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) 128 untuk mengenkripsi file bansos. Aplikasi berbasis web ini dikembangkan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP untuk memastikan keamanan data. Dengan penerapan Algoritma AES 128, diharapkan aplikasi ini dapat menjaga kerahasiaan dan integritas data bansos, mencegah kebocoran informasi, dan melindungi data dari pencurian. Proses enkripsi yang diterapkan akan menghasilkan output yang tidak dapat diakses atau dibaca oleh pihak yang tidak berwenang.
 
Kata kunci:  Bansos; Algoritma AES 128; PHP
Different Paths of State Institutions Development – Convergence and Divergence in Post-Socialist Countries
Authors: Totleben Bartosz , Piątek Dawid
Published: February 2025

W artykule poddano analizie ewolucję instytucji państwa w 18 krajach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, które przeszły transformację
od autorytarnych, centralnie planowanych gospodarek do demokratycznych gospodarek rynkowych. Celem była ocena, czy doszło
do konwergencji pod względem jakości instytucji państwa w porównaniu do krajów UE-15 oraz jaki jest poziom rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego w krajach o różnej ścieżce konwergencji. Stworzono wskaźnik oceny jakości instytucji, który uwzględniał wolność
polityczną, wolność gospodarczą oraz jakość rządzenia. Do identyfikacji ścieżek konwergencji i dywergencji zastosowano analizę
konwergencji typu sigma oraz analizę skupień. Znaczące postępy zaobserwowano w takich krajach jak Estonia i Czechy, podczas gdy
Rosja i Białoruś pozostawały w tyle. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników wyróżniono pięć grup krajów o zbliżonej charakterystyce
procesów konwergencji. Następnie przedstawiono zmiany PKB per capita oraz HDI w wyróżnionych grupach. Mimo ogólnego
postępu, wciąż istnieją znaczne dysproporcje w zakresie jakości instytucji i rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego między krajami CEE.
Safety And Feasibility Of Silverlon Dressing For The Management Of Radiation Dermatitis.
Authors:   School of Medicine & Dentistry,, Ghaffar Aqsa , Xie, PhD Yunna ,   Public Health Sciences,, Wolf, PhD, MPH Julie Ryan ,   Dermatology,,   Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA., Qiu, MD Haoming ,   4 Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA., Antinozzi, PhD Peter ,   Bravida Medical, Geneva, IL, USA.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Radiation dermatitis (RD) occurs in up to 95% of
patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) for cancer treatment,
affecting 800,000 patients annually. We evaluated the safety
and feasibility of Silverlon dressing for RD management in
breast cancer patients undergoing RT.
Methods: This single arm, single institution, open-label clinical
trial assessed the safety and feasibility of Silverlon dressing
for managing RD in breast cancer patients undergoing RT
(n=30). RD severity (e.g., RTOG grade; Radiation Induced Skin
Reaction Assessment Scale (RISRAS)) was captured mid-RT,
end-RT, and 2-weeks post-RT. Dermatology Life Quality Index
was administered at baseline, mid-RT, end of RT, and 2-weeks
post-RT. Potential efficacy was explored using a historical 3:1
matched control cohort of 90 patients who received standard
RD care during RT as a comparator group. All statistical
analyses were conducted at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Minimal withdrawals and adverse events, high
patient compliance, and patient recommendation of Silverlon
dressing underscore its safety for RD management. Silverlontreated subjects did not experience increased RD severity
compared to historical matched controls using standard of
care (1.27 [1.07, 1.46] vs. 1.39 [1.25, 1.52], p=0.351). Additional
comparison to a published cohort of 169 breast cancer
patients suggests that Silverlon may be better than standard
care management for RD (1.27 [1.07, 1.46] vs. 1.57 [1.42,
1.68], p=0.027).
Conclusions: This study established the safety, feasibility, and
potential benefit of Silverlon dressing for RD management.
Further, Silverlon may have reduced the need for multiple
topical treatments for skin reactions during RT. Larger and
more diverse clinical trials should examine the extent of
Silverlon’s therapeutic benefit for skin during RT.
Sevastopol's Economy in the 1920s: from the Policy of «War Communism» to a New Economic Policy
Authors: Baranov Aleksey , Garmashova Elena , Lopatina Taisiya , Punga Darya
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the economic history of Sevastopol city in the 20s of the XX century. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the transformation of the Sevastopol economy in the context of the transition from the policy of «war communism» to a new economic policy. To achieve this goal, the process of creating the Council of People's Commissars and its restructuration was analyzed, the cooperative movement in the early years of the NEP was studied, the regional features of prodrazverstka (surplus appropriation system), and prodnalog (food tax) was investigated, as well as providing food to the population during the period of war communism and during the transition to the NEP.
It was revealed that the creation of the Council of People's Commissars in 1920 led to the nationalization of all enterprises in the city. After the introduction of the NEP and the restructuring of the Council of People's Commissars in 1921, some enterprises were leased to private individuals or cooperative organizations. The largest and the most profitable and strategically important enterprises remained subordinate to the Council of People's Commissars. An analysis of the cooperative movement in Sevastopol during the NEP period revealed a gradual increase in production volumes within the framework of handicraft and fishing cooperation, as well as an increase in trade turnover within the framework of consumer cooperation by the mid-1920s. The study of the prodrazverstka (surplus appropriation system) revealed that from the autumn of 1920 to the spring of 1921 in Sevastopol it was not possible to accumulate the necessary amount of food products to provide the population and military units based in Sevastopol. As a result, the first step of the NEP was the introduction of a prodnalog (food tax) − a firmly fixed in-kind tax on peasant farms, which was an incentive for their development in Sevastopol, since its size was almost two times less than the prodrazverstka. A study of the food provision to the population revealed a decrease in the number of rations issued in Sevastopol in 1920-1921. The provision of food rations in the existing norms during the period of «war communism» (from November 1920 to May 1921) was difficult due to the complexity of collecting food. The adoption of the NEP relieved the city's leadership of the obligation to supply the population with state food rations and the number of rations decreased almost 10 times in the summer of 1921.