bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of the Bachelor of Physical Education (BPEd) Program's Awareness, Acceptability and Alignment with the University's Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives
Authors: Ramos Andy B.
Published: January 2022

Every organization's vision, mission, goals, and objectives dictate its existence and direction (VMGO). Each state, university, and institution has its own VMGO, which will direct the system's strategic plans, initiatives, and activities, as well as its operations. The study determined the awareness level, acceptance, and consistency of the university's vision and mission, goals of the college, and the BPEd program objectives among students, faculty, and stakeholders. The descriptive research method was used. Students enrolled in the Bachelor of Physical Education program, faculty, and other stakeholders were the respondents of the study, with a total of 80 out of 218 respondents. A survey questionnaire was used in gathering the data. The analyzed and summarized data were then organized into a series of tables in accordance with the study's objectives. Frequency counts, percentages, and averages were utilized as descriptive statistics. The study over all revealed that stakeholders are fully aware and accept VGMO’s key statements. It is also revealed from their response that the statements of the VGMO and the program activities are very much congruent. Hence, VMGO’s statements’ dissemination campaign and strategies are effective. This indicates further sustainability for growth and development.
Creative Mathematics Outcomes Achieved by the Junior High School Students as Characteristics of Mathematics Education at St. Paul University
Authors:   Quality Management Director, St. Paul University Surigao ORCID: 0000-0001-7651-9739, Ederio Nikko T.
Published: January 2022

The study integrated the Charism Core Value of St. Paul University to the Mathematics Subject in Junior High School which is translated into a learning outcome pertaining to becoming a creative, resourceful explorer and problem solver. The junior high school students’ achievement of the mathematics learning competencies infused with the Charism core value was determined with the use of researcher-made questionnaires administered to 151 Science Class students enrolled in St. Paul University Surigao during the school year 2019-2020. Data gathered were analyzed using means and standard deviation. As a result, it was determined that the students under study achieved the creative mathematics outcomes and competencies to some extent. As to the specific indicators, the students under study were observed to be doing well at acknowledging points for improvement when solving problems to some extent compared to other indicators as they engaged in their mathematics classes. However, the same students were discovered to be weaker in terms of exhibiting giftedness as they translate mathematical knowledge into meaningful contexts.
New Perspectives on The Tigray War
Authors:   Graduate Student, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Political Science and Economics, East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, 200 Prospect St, East Stroudsburg,P.A 18301, United States., Kehinde Moses Ige
Published: January 2022

Ethiopia’s location is in the horn of Africa. It is Africa's oldest independent country and the second-largest country in terms of population in the continent. Ethiopia was historically called Abyssinia which was derived from the Arabic form of the Ethiosemitic name. And although former President Abiy-Ahmed remains the first and only Ethiopian Head of State to have won the Nobel peace prize in 2019 for bringing an end to the over one decade-long conflict with Eritrea. More importantly, he has been subject to numerous criticisms and scrutiny due to the occurrence of several mass protests, incarcerations of political figures and opponents as well as the censorship of the internet, journalists which ultimately led to the resurgence of ethnic and tribal divisions between Ethiopians. This can be termed as the cause for open conflict in the Northern region of Tigray. This paper will investigate and establish new perspectives of the Tigray war through the backdrop of historical occurrences and how the metamorphosis of these occurrences have helped define and shape the state of affairs in Tigray.
Moral Judgment Construction in The Extraordinary Democratic Party Congress News on Suara.Com
Authors:   Master of Communication Science, Mercu Buana University, Ahmad Mulyana Afrizal
Published: January 2022

Indonesia's ethics and political decency were torn apart in the case of the Democratic Party's internal conflict. This is due to the existence of an element of the government as a regulator who took over the position of the general chairman of the Democratic Party. News about this internal conflict appeared in various constructions by print mass media, electronic radio, television, and online media. The purpose of this study was to determine the social construction of Suara.com's coverage of the Extraordinary Congress (KLB) of the Democratic Party. For this reason, discourse theory and the social construction of reality are used. The research method analyzes text media framing model Zhongdang Pan-Gerald M. Kosicki. The research subject is the Suara.com news portal, while the research object is related to the Extraordinary Democratic Party Congress from March 5 to March 31, 2021. The research results from the syntactic structure, Suara.com journalists provide a portion, which does not feature one party and reports publicly about the Extraordinary Democratic Party Congress equally from both camps. The script written fully with 5W+1H from both sides is not directed and deserves to be read. Thematic structure, facts are written based on information from both parties. Some are sourced from written statements and analysts from political experts. The rhetorical system, the choice of words or style to emphasize the meaning from both sides, is balanced by the photos shown. Suara.com packaged and framed the news of the Extraordinary Democratic Party Congress by not highlighting the Moeldoko and Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY) camps but emphasizing the moral hazard aspect in political behavior. With this construction, Suara.com continues to voice the public interest rather than the interests of the capital owners or their political alliances.
The Protection of the Environmental Rights and Interests of Children: A South African Perspective
Authors: Fambasayi Rongedzayi
Published: January 2022

It is becoming increasingly apparent that children are disproportionately vulnerable to environmental harm, taking into account their physical, physiological and developmental characteristics. Environmental degradation threatens children’s enjoyment of fundamental rights and freedoms, such as the right to a clean and healthy environment, the right to life, the right to health, the right to the highest attainable standard of living, and the right to dignity. This article evaluates the extent to which the South African legal framework protects the environment-related rights and interests of children. In order to achieve this objective, the article outlines the body of international and African regional human rights law and the environmental law and policy that protects and promotes the environment-related rights and interests of children. The contribution also discusses the mechanisms for redress at the international, regional and national levels in the event of environmental harm to the rights and interests of children. The body of international and African regional law sets the expectations and normative benchmarks to measure the compliance of the national (South African) legal and policy framework.
Evictions During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond [Discussion of South African Human Rights Commission v City of Cape Town 2021 2 SA 565 (WCC)]
Authors: Boggenpoel ZT , Mahomedy S
Published: January 2022

While race-based laws have been formally removed from the South African legal system and various measures for redress are now available, the after-effects of colonialism and apartheid are still visibly present in the spatial inequalities and lack of access to housing throughout the country. Closely linked to this is the issue of unlawful occupation and evictions. Under the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998 (“PIE”), which aims to give effect to section 26(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, evictions without a court order are prohibited. However, during COVID-19, there was a drastic increase in unlawful occupations and evictions, and particularly without a court order. This is extremely concerning given the devastating impact that evictions have, as well as the increased risk they pose to those affected in terms of COVID-19. In response to the pandemic, various regulations and guidelines were put in place by the government in line with the Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002. These regulations placed various limitations on many facets of life and rights, such as property rights and the right to evict, and included an initial moratorium on evictions. This leads to further questions relating to the increase in evictions, even with the initial moratorium. As such, this case note aims to re-evaluate evictions in the light of the recent judgment in South African Human Rights Commission v City of Cape Town 2021 2 SA 565 (WCC), which raised numerous questions and concerns relating to governmental responses to evictions during COVID-19. In particular, the note investigates the extent to which the regulations that pertain to evictions differ from the approach to evictions under PIE. The note then turns to the issue of occupied versus unoccupied structures – a distinction that has increasingly been used by government officials in an attempt to circumvent the need for a court order. Finally, this note will make recommendations in the light of the various issues discussed.
Regulating Substantively Unfair Terms in Online Contracts
Authors: van Deventer Sanmarie
Published: January 2022

The possible risks that standard form contracts pose to consumers have long been recognised. This article focuses on the impact that the online environment has on these risks, and it questions whether existing rules sufficiently protect consumers against unfair or abusive provisions in online contracts (ie standard form contracts appearing in electronic form). Several clauses which are affected by the unique characteristics of the online environment are identified and analysed. These include clauses relating to the use of personal information and consumer-generated content, clauses affected by the ongoing nature of online contracts (such as unilateral variation and unilateral termination clauses) and clauses affected by the global nature of online contracts (such as choice-of-law and choice-of-forum clauses). It is concluded that existing measures of control are inadequate to ensure proper protection for online consumers. It may allow suppliers to rely on generally unread terms included in online contracts to exploit consumer data or content, to modify terms without proper notice, to cause loss to consumers through unilateral termination, and to deprive consumers of effective enforcement measures or legal remedies. Proposals are then made for legislative provisions that aim to prevent suppliers from abusing online terms.
Die Vrugte van Beswaarde Bates by die Bereddering van ‘n Insolvente Boedel
Authors: Stander AL
Published: January 2022

If the executor of a deceased estate finds that the estate is insolvent and the creditors of the deceased estate have not instructed him to sequestrate the estate in terms of the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936, he may choose to administer the estate as an insolvent deceased estate in terms of section 34 of the Administration of Estates Act 66 of 1965. Section 34(7) of this Act requires an executor to submit liquidation and distribution accounts of the estate to the Master within certain specified periods of time and section 34(7)(b) prescribes that these accounts must provide for the distribution of the proceeds according to the preferred order prescribed by the Insolvency Act. Section 95(1) of the Insolvency Act provides that “the proceeds of any property which was subject to a special mortgage, landlord’s legal hypothec, pledge or right of retention, after deduction therefrom of the costs mentioned in subsection (1) of section 89, shall be applied in satisfying the claims secured by the said property”. The question that this contribution seeks to answer is whether “the proceeds of any property” in section 95(1) includes the amount(s) paid by a tenant as rent after the date of sequestration, but before the property was sold by the trustee or liquidator? According to Singer NO v The Master 1996 2 SA 133 (A), this phrase includes interest derived from the deposit of the purchase price of the property. However, the Appellate Division also accepted that “the proceeds of any property” were not limited to the purchase price of the property, but included fruits derived after the date of sequestration such as rent paid by a tenant before the property was sold or interest paid by the purchaser. It is recommended in this contribution that rental income that accrues prior to the realisation of the secured property should not be treated in the same way as, for example, rental income and occupational interest that accrues after realisation of the property. This recommendation is based on the interpretation of section 95(1) of the Insolvency Act, in conjunction with section 83 and section 95(2).
APT Insulin Selection in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Different Comorbid Conditions
Authors:   Director and Senior Consultant Endocrinologist Rudraksh Superspeciality Care, Siliguri, India, Dasgupta Arundhati
Published: January 2022

In the current scenario, treatment of diabetes has become individualized and patient centric with customization of therapy being the key. Selection and adoption of insulin therapy now is driven by many factors like patient preference, co-morbid conditions, patient education and availability of insulin and cost of therapy [1]. This review attempts to discuss the rational use of different types of insulins in different situations
مستوى مهارات التفكير الناقد لدى طلبة كلية التربية يافع
Authors: Al-Haddi Abdulrab Saleh Ali , Alabdali Mohammed Saleh Abdullah
Published: January 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى مهارات التفكير الناقد لدى طلبة كلية التربية يافع، متخذة من المنهج الوصفي والقائم على التحليل منهجاً للبحث ومن طلبة المستوى الرابع لعام 2019 / 2020م عينة قصدية وعددهم (87) طالباً وطالبة وتم تقليص العدد إلى (68) طالباً وطالبة مستبعدين الطلبة الذين لم يجيبوا على جميع الأسئلة. ومن حيث الأداة تم اختيار اختبار كاليفورنيا 2000م ليكون أنموذجاً للتطبيق وهو اختبار شامل يتكون من (34) فقرة بعضها لها أربعة بدائل والبعض الآخر خمسة، ولتقنين أداة الدراسة ومعرفة صدقها وثباتها تم عرضها على مجموعة من المحكمين المختصين، من ثم تطبيقها على عينة استطلاعية من طلبة الكلية بواقع (25) طالباً وطالبة للتأكد من سلامة الفقرات ومعرفة الزمن اللازم لأداء الاختبار، وحساب ثبات الاختبار باستخدام معادلة الفا كرونباخ، وكان ثبات الاختبار ضمن المدى المقبول. وخرجت الدراسة بعدد من النتائج منها:

احتلت مهارة التقييم المرتبة الأولى لدى طلبة كلية التربية يافع، حيث بلغ متوسطها الحسابي (3.02) وانحراف معياري (0.509)، وفي المرتبة الخامسة والأخيرة جاءت مهارة الاستنتاج، بمتوسط حسابي (2.90) وانحراف معياري (0.511)، ثم تدرجت بقية المهارات: الاستدلال (المرتبة الثانية) والتحليل (المرتبة الثالثة) الاستقراء (المرتبة الرابعة).

عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) تعزى لمتغير الجنس، في كل من المهارات الآتية: التحليل، الاستقراء، الاستنتاج، التقييم.

وجدت فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) تعزى لمتغير الجنس في مهارة الاستدلال فقط لصالح الإناث.

وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) تعزى لمتغير التخصص، لصالح قسم أحياء/ كيمياء.

وفي ضوء هذه النتائج توصي الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات أهمها: الاهتمام بالقدرات العقلية لدى الطلبة وتنمية مهاراتهم، ووضع اختبار يقيس مستوى هذه المهارات لدى الطلبة لاجتياز كل مستوى، وجعل مهارات التفكير الناقد مادة مهارية يخضع لها جميع الطلبة. تصميم برامج تعليمية من ذوي الاختصاص لإعداد دروس نموذجية في مهارات التفكير الناقد.
Studi Literatur Peran Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan
Authors: Harahap Muhammad Arfan , Soemitra Andri
Published: January 2022

This study aims to investigate the contribution of Islamic microfinance institutions in an effort to promote public welfare based on a selected literature review. The findings of this study unravel the gaps in the Islamic microfinance literature regarding the existence of Islamic microfinance institutions. The research design was carried out by collecting selected literature from the Scopus database and conducting a literature study on the research data. There are 25 articles with research results that strengthen the existence of Islamic financial institutions that contribute to efforts to promote prosperity. This is a new fact that LKMS can be used as a solution to poverty alleviation with its various unique characteristics. This study also found that the State of Malaysia was in first place in the publication of articles related to LKMS and was followed by the State of Indonesia. This study recommends that future research analyzes the comparative contribution between Islamic banks and Islamic microfinance institutions.

Keywords: Islamic Microfinance Institutions, Literature, Welfare
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Konsumen Dalam Membeli Polis Asuransi Kesehatan
Authors: Handayani Seri , Aslami Nuri
Published: January 2022

Health insurance is a service that is engaged in the health sector with a scope of coverage, namely outpatient, inpatient, and emergency services. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence consumer decisions in buying health insurance policies. the most dominant factors or the most influential on consumer purchasing decisions in buying health insurance policies is the product factor which consists of the trust and benefits of the product.

keywords: health insurance, consumer behavior
Strategi Pemasaran Produk Asuransi Syariah
Authors: Lestari Arini , Aslami Nuri
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this essay is to learn about the marketing plans and techniques required by Islamic insurance companies to grow their business.  In the marketing process, an important plan must be implemented, with the main goal of the company being a broad market reach.  So, before entering the market, a strategy is needed that details all the plans that have been prepared, is complete and integrated, and ensures that the company's main objectives can be met through implementing the right approach.

Keywords : Strategy, Marketing, Islamic Insurance
Sugmentasi Pasar dan Positioning pada Perusahaan Asuransi
Authors: Nasir M. , Aslami Nuri
Published: January 2022

The success of an insurance company must be successful in marketing a product contained in an insurance company, and the company must know very well who the target consumers are, therefore a marketing strategy and market segmentation are needed as well as the target market target which is more precise in determining the segment and target market. targeted by the insurance company so that ithe company is able to compete in the market.

Keywords: marketing strategy, market segment and positioning
Viipurilaisuus ja viipurilaiset diasporassa
Authors: Grünthal Satu , Korjonen-Kuusipuro Kristiina
Published: January 2022

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Joensuuhun, Kotkaan, Lappeenrantaan, Turkuun vai takaisin Viipuriin? Viipurin Taloudellinen Korkeakouluseura sotien jälkeisessä Suomessa
Authors: Kohvakka Mikko
Published: January 2022

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test test
Authors: City-hc-admin City-hc-admin
Published: January 2022

test
Hubungan Antara Iklim Sekolah dan Kompetensi Pedagogik Dengan Kinerja Guru SMP
Authors: Widyastika Astrid Rizqa , Agustina Menik Tetha
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pendidikan yang membutuhkan perubahan dan perkembangan baik di segala aspeknya. Peran iklim sekolah dan kompetensi yang dimiliki guru dalam hal kompetensi pedagogik merupakan faktor penting kinerja guru dalam perubahan dan perkembangan suatu sekolah. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi ganda dua prediktor dan sumbangan efektif. Temuan penelitian ini adalah (1) terdapat kontribusi positif yang sangat signifikan iklim sekolah terhadap kinerja guru terlihat dari besarnya koefisien antara kedua variabel rx1y = 0,492 dengan p = 0,000 (p kurang dari 0,01), (2) terdapat kontribusi positif yang sangat signifikan kompetensi pedagogik terhadap kinerja guru terlihat dari besarnya koefisien antara kedua variabel rx2y = 0,806 dengan p = 0,000 (p kurang dari 0,01), (3) secara bersama-sama terdapat kontribusi yang sangat signifikan antara iklim sekolah, kompetensi pedagogik dengan kinerja guru SMP Eka Sakti Semarang dengan koefisien korelasi dari ketiga variabel Rx1,2y = 0,880 dengan F = 98,298 dan p = 0,000 (p kurang dari 0,01). Hipotesis mayor dan hipotesis minor yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini diterima. Penelitian ini memberikan sumbangan efektif  kedua variabel sebesar 77,5%.
Endoscopy in surgery
Authors: Serdar Karaca Ahmet , Özmen M. Mahir , Çınar Yastı Ahmet , Demirer Seher
Published: January 2022

In the last 20 years, there have been important developments in endoscopy. Initially, endoscopy was developed and used as a diagnostic tool. As new technology developed, these devices also became the basis for therapeutic maneuvers. In recent years, flexible endoscopes have been used to per- form procedures replacing traditional surgical approaches. Examples of this field are transanal minimally invasive surgery, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, endoscopic metabolic surgery and third space endoscopies. Throughout history, surgeons have played a vital role in the design and development of endoscopic techniques, procedures, and equipment. Surgeons continue to lead the advancement of endoscopy, make important contributions, and serve as role models for innovation.
Pediatric abdominal chylolymphatic cysts-sneaky abdominal masqueraders
Authors: Mohamed Ferzine
Published: January 2022

Chylolymphatic mesenteric cyst of the abdomen is a rare differential for cystic tumors, more so in the pediatric age group and has varied clinical pres- entations.There have been very few cases reported worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, a multicystic chylolymphatic cyst of the abdomen as demonstrated below is the first reported occurrence worldwide in the paediatric age group.
Gastric volvulus as a deadly cause of acute abdominal pain: Presentation of three cases
Authors: Türkan Ahmet , Yalaza Metin , Akkurt Gökhan , Tolga Kafadar Mehmet
Published: January 2022

Gastric volvulus is usually associated with non-specific abdominal pain and is a very rare condition. Diagnosis of gastric volvulus is difficult because of the lack of specific findings. Its acute form usually requires urgent surgical treatment and is associated with high mortality. In this study, gastric volvulus was diagnosed in three patients who presented with abdominal pain in the emergency department and had non-specific abdominal findings on physi- cal examination. We evaluated this situation, which is rarely seen, on different patients.
Is carpal tunnel release safe in electrical burn decompressive therapy: Six-years experience
Authors: Barış Cartı Erdem , Deniz Uçar Ahmet , Yıldırım Mehmet
Published: January 2022

Objective: Upper extremity electrical burn can create severe sequela and debilitation if not treated properly. Immediate decompression with fasci- otomy and carpal tunnel release seem to be the most promising choice of treatment. Neurologic functional loss can be avoided if median nerve is liberated.

Material and Methods: During 6-year time interval, 50 out of 1158 burn patients underwent upper extremity decompressive fasciotomy with carpal tunnel release. Their hand motor function based on nerve innervation and daily usage questionnaire were followed in 12-month intervals.

Results: Average score rose markedly after 18th month and reached nearly normal at the end of 66th month. Median, ulnar and radial nerve function tests were all positive, and no irreversible nerve function loss observed.

Conclusion: All compartments of the forearm should be explored and carpal tunnel release should be added into upper extremity decompressive fasciotomy after electrical burns.
The effect of obesity in laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy
Authors: Altın Önder , Sarı Ramazan
Published: January 2022

Objective: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the gold standard for the resection of adrenal tumors. However, there are some technical difficulties, which may be due to the fact that adrenalectomy is rarely encountered in general surgery practice and has a high learning curve. In addition to these, obesity is another problem in laparoscopic adrenalectomies. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate whether obesity affects perioperative and postop- erative complications after laparoscopic adrenalectomy.

Material and Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study carried out between December 2008 and June 2018. A total of 65 patients who un- derwent laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy were divided into two groups according to their Body Mass Index (BMI). Patients’ demographic data, perioperative and postoperative results were analyzed from hospital medical records.

Results: There were 30 non-obese and 35 obese patients. There was no significant difference between obese and non-obese patients in terms of op- eration time, peroperative complications and length of hospital stay. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups for postoperative complications (p< 0.031). There was conversion to open surgery in four obese patients and in one patient in the non-obese group.

Conclusion: In obese patients, technical difficulties may be encountered during surgery due to increased adipose tissue, and postoperative complica- tion rates may increase. Nevertheless, laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy can be performed safely paying attention to the management of obesity-related complications.
Factors predicting prolonged hospitalization after abdominal wall hernia repair - a prospective observational study
Authors: Shankar H , Sureshkumar Sathasivam , Gurushankari Balakrishnan , Samanna Sreenath Gubbi , Kate Vikram
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the factors predicting prolonged hospitalization following abdominal wall hernia repair.

Material and Methods: This was a prospective observational study which included patients operated for elective and emergency abdominal wall hernias. Details of the patients including demographic profile, hernia characteristics, and perioperative factors were collected. Patients were followed up till discharge from the hospital to record the postoperative local and systemic complications. Patients who stayed for more than three days were considered as longer hospital stay. Analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the longer hospital stay.

Results: A total of 200 consecutive patients of abdominal wall hernia were included over a period of two years. Female sex (p< 0.05), obesity (p= 0.022), and smoking and alcohol consumption (0.002) led to a prolonged hospital stay. Patients with incisional hernias (p< 0.05), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class of two or more (p= 0.002), complicated hernia (p= 0.007), emergency surgeries (p= 0.002), general anesthesia (p= 0.001), longer duration of surgery (>60 minutes, p< 0.05), usage of drain (p< 0.05), and surgical site infection (SSI, p= 0.001) were significantly associated with increased length of hospital stay. Whereas, age distribution, socio-economic status, co-morbidities, recurrent surgery, type of hernia repair and the level of surgeon did not affect the length of hospital stay.

Conclusion: The risk factors associated with prolonged hospital stay in patients undergoing abdominal wall hernia repair were female sex, obesity, smoking and alcoholism, incisional hernia, complicated hernias, higher ASA class, and prolonged duration of surgeries.
The comparison of analgesic efficacy between ultrasound-guided continuous thoracic paravertebral block and continuous thoracic epidural block using bupivacaine - fentanyl in patients undergoing lung surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Thanh Trung Tran , Van Khoa Dang , Van Dong Trinh
Published: January 2022

Objective:This study aimed to compare the efficacy and the safety of ultrasound-guided continuous thoracic paravertebral block (CTPB) to the continuous thoracic epidural block (CTEB) for pain relief in patients undergoing lung surgery.

Material and Methods:Our study included 102 patients after lung surgery at the 74 Central Hospital from 9/2013 to 12/2017. Patients were divided into 2 groups: CTPB group (n= 51) and CTEB group (n= 51). The primary outcomes were the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores when patients were at rest (VR) and movement (VM), the total used dosage of bupivacaine - fentanyl after surgery, plasma glucose, and cortisol levels, additional doses of morphine. Adverse reactions were recorded during the study. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the 74 Central Hospital. All participants provided their informed consent.

Results:There were no significant differences between CTPB and CTEB groups in terms of the VR and the VM, total used doses of bupivacaine - fentanyl after 72-hours of surgery (p> 0.05), the increased plasma glucose, and plasma cortisol (p> 0.05), and the additional doses of morphine. The percent of patients in the CTPB group undergoing adverse reactions in the circular system and the respiratory system was lower than in the CTEB group. Adverse reactions included vascular puncture, urinary retention, and itch.

Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided CTPB is an effective intervention of pain relief after lung surgery. Its analgesic efficacy is comparable to CTEB. Also, this method had fewer adverse reactions in circulation and respiration compared to the CTEB.
Changes and disruptions in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of breast cancer during two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Ata Güler Sertaç , Özkan Güler Özlem , Şimşek Turgay , Zafer Cantürk Nuh
Published: January 2022

Objective: COVID-19 disease, which rapidly became a pandemic, led to significant changes in the provision of health services. This included radical changes to the supply and delivery of routine services to release resources for emergency care. During this process, a range of restrictions were imposed including the recommended rules to be followed before, during and after surgery. Health services provided for breast cancer diagnosis, treatment and follow-up have also undergone enforced changes meaning the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with priority has come to the fore. In this study, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey, between March 11, 2020 and May 31, 2020 was assessed in comparison to pre-pandemic practice in terms of divided into two periods, and breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

Material and Methods: Surgeons dealing with breast cancer treatment and registered to SENATURK (Turkish Senology Academy) were contacted online. The period was divided into two, between March 11th and April 30th and May 1st to May 31st, 2020. Surgeons were requested to complete two electronic evaluation forms, one for each period, investigating change in practice. Only complete responses for both periods were included in the analysis.

Results: There were 93 respondents. Except for less multidisciplinary breast councils, there was no delay in radiological and pathological diagnoses. The number of breast cancer surgeries increased in Period 2, and more COVID-19 positive breast cancer patients were operated in Period 2. Benign breast patients were delayed less frequently in Period 2. In the statistical analysis performed between the two groups, it was found that only a significant difference was in the number of outpatients with benign breasts.

Conclusion: With sufficient awareness of the risks of COVID-19 and with individual protection, breast cancer treatment was not affected during the assessed period of active pandemic in Turkey.
Safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients aged 85 years and older: A single center experience
Authors: Ramiz Baykan Ahmed , Cerrah Serkan , Çiftel Sedat , Karahan Büşra , Özdemir Yılmaz
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in elderly patients (≥85 years old).

Material and Methods: Patients who underwent ERCP for any reason within 12 months were evaluated. Patients undergoing ERCP were classified as the elderly group aged 85 years and older or the controls under the age of 85 years.

Results: A total of 1225 patients, 504 males and 721 females, were included in the study. Length of hospital stay, the number of patients in whom pre- cut sphincterotomy was performed in ERCP, and mortality rate showed similar characteristics compared to the control group in patients with advanced age (≥85 years old). Except for pancreatitis, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of complications related to the procedure. Post ERCP pancreatitis was observed significantly less in the elderly group (p= 0.042). Pre-cut sphincterotomy was required in a total of 191 (15.5%) patients. In patients who underwent pre-cut sphincterotomy and patients with cholangitis, post ERCP complication rates were not significant between the groups.

Conclusion: ERCP is a safe procedure for older patients (≥85 years old) as well as young patients.
Incidence and mortality results of intestinal obstruction in geriatric and adult patients: 10 years retrospective analysis
Authors: Nuri Koşar Mehmet , Görgülü Özkan
Published: January 2022

Objective: People with ileus is one of the patient groups with the highest admission rates to the emergency departments. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of age groups and etiological factors on mortality when evaluated together with gender.

Material and Methods: In our study, patients who were consulted from the Emergency Service to the General Surgery department with a pre-diagno- sis of abdominal pain between 2009 and 2020 were retrospectively screened. Patients hospitalized for ileus were analyzed in terms of age (18-65 years and over 65 years), gender, operation, etiology, incidence, and mortality.

Results: Between 2009 and 2020, 534 (3.03%) of 17.601 patients who received emergency consultation from the general surgery clinic were diagnosed with ileus. While 253 (47.4%) of the patients were operated, 317 (59.4%) patients and 101 (18.9%) patients were diagnosed with brid and malignancy, respectively; and 21 (3.9%) patients died in the complete patient group (Table 1). While the incidence of brid was high in non-operated patients, in operated patients, malignancy and other pathologies was found to be higher (p< 0.001) (Table 2). While, in patients 65 years and older, mortality was observed in 10.6% of women and 2.6% of men, it was determined that the mortality rate was higher in women (p= 0.008) (Figure 4).

Conclusion: The mortality rate in patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of mechanical bowel obstruction was found to be statistically significantly higher in female patients aged 65 and over.
How can surgical continuity be maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic? A quality improvement study in the pre-vaccination period
Authors: Pişkin Erol , Kadri Çolakoglu Muhammet , Öter Volkan , Mehmet Özgün Yiğit , Aydın Osman , Güven Alper , Ahmet Sürel Aziz , Özmen M. Mahir , Birol Bostancı Erdal
Published: January 2022

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the elective surgeries had to be postponed. However, it is not possible to delay the surgical treat- ment of cancer patients for a long time. The aim of this study was to present how gastrointestinal system surgery operations are managed without delay and how employee safety is ensured , together with the results of the last five months. For this purpose, a preclinical and clinical screening system was created.

Material and Methods: Data of the patients who presented to our outpatient clinic between April 1st 2020 and August 31st 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: During the last five months of the pandemic, a total of 387 patients were hospitalized and 309 of these patients underwent surgical procedures. 165 of the patients who underwent surgery were newly diagnosed malignancy patients. All patients who were hospitalized were subjected to a screening for COVID-19 during the preclinical, clinical and surgical period. In the preclinical period, five patients were found positive and were directed to COVID-19 treatment without hospitalization. In the clinical period, six patients were isolated by showing symptoms during the hospitalization period. Only one of these patients received surgical treatment. The remaining five patients underwent endoscopic and interventional procedures. In this process, COVID-19 positivity was detected in a total of five healthcare workers.

Conclusion: With this preclinical and clinical screening method, it is shown that a COVID-19 sterile environment can be provided by early detection of positive cases in both patients and healthcare workers. In this way, the possibility of surgical continuity was demonstrated.
The effect of the use of the Gail model on breast cancer diagnosis in BIRADs 4a cases
Authors: Karakaya Emre , Erkent Murathan , Turnaoğlu Hale , Şirinoğlu Tuğçe , Akdur Aydıncan , Kavasoğlu Lara
Published: January 2022

Objective: The BI-RADS classification system and the Gail Model are the scoring systems that contribute to the diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of Gail Model to the diagnosis of breast lesions that were radiologically categorized as BI-RADS 4A.

Material and Methods: We retrospectively examined the medical records of 320 patients between January 2011 and December 2020 whose lesions had been categorized as BI-RADS 4A. Radiological parameters of breast lesions and clinical parameters according to the Gail Model were collected. The relationship between malignant BI-RADS 4A lesions and radiological and clinical parameters was evaluated. In addition, the effect of the Gail Model on diagnosis in malignant BI-RADS 4A lesions was evaluated.

Results: Among radiological features, there were significant differences between lesion size, contour, microcalcification content, echogenicity, and presence of ectasia with respect to the pathological diagnosis (p< 0.05). No significant difference was found between the lesions’ pathological diagnosis and the patients’ Gail score (p> 0.05). An analysis of the features of the Gail model revealed that there was no significant difference between the age of menarche, age at first live birth, presence of a first-degree relative with breast cancer, and a history of breast biopsy and the pathological diagnosis (p> 0.05).

Conclusion: As a conclusion Gail Model does not contribute to the diagnosis of BC, especially in patients with BI-RADS 4A lesions.
Development of a local model for measuring the work of surgeons
Authors: Forootan Sara , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Janati Ali , Najafi Behzad , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Objective: The Relative Value Unit (RVU) is the main method of calculating surgeons’ reimbursements and a tool for measuring the work of surgeons. Existing evidence shows that the work Relative Value Unit (wRVU) does not accurately represent surgeon’s work. Therefore, the current study attempted to develop a local model to measure surgeons’ work.

Material and Methods: This study was conducted in two main phases of determining the metrics and model development using quantitative and qualitative approaches from December 2019 to April 2021. Literature review, focused group discussions, and interviews were used to collect data. Con- tent analysis and Exploratory Data Analysis techniques were applied to analyze data.

Results: The findings demonstrated that patient’s conditions (age, severity of disease at referring time, and comorbidities), disease specifications (time, complexity, physical effort, and risk), and provider characteristic (surgeon’s willingness, imposed stress, and surgeon’s skill) were important by 17, 51, and 32%, respectively, in determining surgeons’ work.

Conclusion: Determining a fixed value for each procedure does not accurately estimate the amount of required surgeon’s work for any procedure. Many factors, such as the patient’s condition, surgeon’s characteristics, and disease specification affect surgeons’ work in the operation room. Proper measurement of the surgeon’s work is an important step towards establishing equity in payment in the health system.
Biofeedback for Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) regulation
Authors: Morales Téllez Arturo , Tentori Monica , Castro Luis A.
Published: January 2022

Stress is a reaction of the body to external challenges, whether physical or psychological. In sport, there are stress factors that affect the athlete's performance. Lack of stress regulation mechanisms can be detrimental to the individual and collective performance of athletes. Biofeedback systems have shown promising clinical results in regulating athletes' stress for sports competitions. In this paper, we present the process performed for the creation of VANS, a virtual reality biofeedback system that supports stress management training in athletes. The progress obtained so far includes the design and development of VANS. A usability evaluation and proposed evaluation of VANS, as well as discussing future challenges.
Let's Read: Designing a smart display application to support CODAS when learning spoken language
Authors: Rodeghiero Katie , Chen Yingying Yuki , Hettmann Annika M. , Cibrian Franceli L.
Published: January 2022

Hearing children of Deaf adults (CODAs) face many challenges including having difficulty learning spoken languages, experiencing social judgment, and encountering greater responsibilities at home. In this paper, we present a proposal for a smart display application called Let's Read that aims to support CODAs when learning spoken language. We conducted a qualitative analysis using online community content in English to develop the first version of the prototype. Then, we conducted a heuristic evaluation to improve the proposed prototype. As future work, we plan to use this prototype to conduct participatory design sessions with Deaf adults and CODAs to evaluate the potential of Let's Read in supporting spoken language in mixed-ability family dynamics.
Measuring cognitive load using eye tracking technology in learning Content
Authors: Gutiérrez Rondón Sara Maritza , Bautista Rojas Luis Eduardo , Maradei García María Fernanda
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of a cognitive process called Spatial Contiguity on students engaged in a learning activity. In organizing observed information, cognitive processes beyond attention influence the direction and duration of eye movements. Four volunteers participated in a pilot experiment developed using Eye-tracking to measure cognitive processing of stimuli from learning materials presented in two different formats. Eye-tracking is a tool used to record the eye movements of subjects while performing tasks. The results showed statistically significant differences in cognitive processing measures based on the way learning content is presented.
Smartphone-based augmented reality avatars to improve secondary students course engagement
Authors: Macklin Conor , Johnson Esperanza
Published: January 2022

Education has suffered an unprecedented disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic, impacting the provision of in-person education at all levels worldwide with temporary suspension or limited in-person sessions and the increased use of remote classes. These atypical learning conditions can have potentially harmful effects on students who require more guidance and benefit more from in-person interaction with teachers and other students. This paper presents the design of a solution that uses smartphone-based Augmented Reality (AR) avatars of teachers to improve students' engagement. The approach presented has been designed considering the feedback from teachers and students of Secondary level in Northern Ireland. As most students in developed and developing countries own and regularly use smartphones, we consider that the proposed solution would benefit students in Mexico and other countries.
Sikap Caring Perawat terhadap Pasien Rawat Inap
Authors: Dwi Sandiyah Cindi , Mustriwi Mustriwi
Published: January 2022

Pendahuluan: Pemberian pelayanan keperawatan didasari oleh sikap caring perawat yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan keperawatan. Sikap caring merupakan suatu cara pendekatan yang dinamis, dimana perawat bekerja untuk lebih meningkatkan kepeduliannya kepada pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran sikap caring perawat terhadap pasien rawat inap di Ruang Dahlia dan Unit Stroke Rumah Sakit dr. Soepraoen Malang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif. Populasi semua perawat di Ruang Dahlia dan Unit Stroke RS dr. Soepraoen Malang berjumlah 27 orang. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling didapatkan 27 sampel. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Analisis menggunakan analisis univariat. Data disajikan dengan distribusi frekuensi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sikap caring perawat di Ruang Dahlia dan Unit Stroke Rumah Sakit dr. Soepraoen Malang sebagian besar bersikap caring tinggi sebanyak 16 orang (59,3%), hampir setengah bersikap caring sedang sebanyak 10 orang (37%), dan sebagian kecil bersikap caring rendah sebanyak 1 orang (3,7%). Kesimpulan: Perawat dengan usia yang lebih tua, pengalaman kerja yang lebih lama, dan perawat yang pernah disupervisi oleh atasan cenderung memiliki sikap caring tinggi. Melihat hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan ini maka perlu meningkatkan pemahaman perawat terhadap pentingnya sikap caring terhadap pasien.
Kata kunci: sikap caring, perawat, pasien rawat inap
Critical Analysis on Business Strategies Adopted by an IT Company to Attain Sustainability: Case Study of Cognizant Technology Solutions
Authors: K. Geetha Poornima , K. Krishna Prasad
Published: January 2022

Information Technology is a sector that has experienced swift change. Whatever is newtoday becomes obsolete tomorrow. A company providing Information Technology solutionshas to respond quickly to the change in technology. The company has to develop strategiesto provide services in emerging technology. The sustainable growth of an IT companydepends much on the service areas. The company has to analyze market trends customerrequirements and plan accordingly. Cognizant Technology Solutions is a multinationalcompany whose headquarters is in Teaneck, New Jersey, United States. The Company wasfounded in the year 1994 by Kumar Mahadeva. The major services provided vary fromBusiness and Technology, Consulting, Application Development and Maintenance, ITInfrastructure, Business Intelligence, Data Warehouse, Health Care, Mobile ComputingCustomer Relationship Management, Supply Chain Management, R&D Outsourcing andTesting Solutions. To achieve sustainable growth, the company has to set long-term goals,provide necessary skills to the workforce, evaluate its performance against the performanceof the competitors and provide the best quality of products/services in cost-effective way. Inour paper we have tried to study the business model of Cognizant Technologies, businessstrategies, measures taken by the company in terms of skill development of its employees,role-based career structure followed, marketing strategy, and Customer retention as stepstowards sustainable growth. We also focus on company’s contribution towards greeninitiatives, Corporate Social Responsibilities and SWOC analysis of the company. Finally,we have analyzed Cognizant company’s best practices and innovations towards latest digitalbusiness such as Internet of things, Data Science, Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence,Machine Learning, Cloud Computing etc. to consider it as global leader in digital business.