bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Ceramics Crack Propagation under the Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding Based on the Nonlocal Theory
Authors: Tong Jing Lin , Zhang Chang Juan , Zhao Bo
Published: August 2014

This paper researched the crack propagation and the variation of microstructure for ZTA ceramics under ultrasonic vibration grinding. To interpret the phenomenon, the nonlocal theory was introduced to establish the constitutive model under the ultrasonic vibration. Grinding experiments on surface quality of nanoZrO2 ceramic are carried out using diamond grinding in different condition, both with and without ultrasonic vibration. Experimental results show the surface quality after two-dimensional ultrasonic assisted grinding is superior to that after common grinding. Meanwhile, the effects of amplitudes and frequencies on ZrO2 ceramics crack propagation were analyzed by SEM. The results show that the crack propagation rate decrease with the amplitudes and frequencies increasing, this is because that the nonlocal attenuation ratio reduced and the nonlocal effects also the strongest. The results of experiments are in accordance with the theoretical conclusions drawn from the nonlocal theory, which verifies that the act ion of ultrasonic vibration can actually postpone the ceramic crack propagation rate.
Tacho Plate’s Technological Procedure Compilation and the Fixture’s Digital Design
Authors: Lv Hong Wei , Wei Dong Bo
Published: August 2014

Tacho plate is a common speed regulation mechanism in automobile, but because of its complex structure, high precision, there has been no ideal processing method. Based on the Pro.E, this paper compiles the processing technic of the Tacho plate which combining with the practical situation and comprehensive considering the precision, economy, efficiency, roughness, lifetime and other factors, and digital design a specific work fixture regarding one of the most important procedure. Eventually it achieves a very satisfactory result. First of all, understand the working condition of Tacho plate through on-the-spot investigation, reviewing the literature and some other methods, and then preliminary analyze the processing technic of Tacho plate. Secondly, constantly improve the processing technic of Tacho plate through in-depth analysis of the actual situation and comprehensive considering the machining precision, economic benefit, efficiency and some other aspects to make the best processing procedures. Furthermore, make in-depth analysis for the fixture of drilling Φ10 hole. Considering the machining accuracy, use the ganged clamping mechanism with the support plate, regulative support nail, and rhombic pin for joint locating to meet the requirements to the greatest extent. Finally, use the Pro.E software for three-dimension model and further verify the fixture plan designed before through this digital design.
Research on the Composite Control Scheme for the Stabilized Loop of Inertial Stabilized Platform
Authors: Liao Hong Bo , Fan Shi Xun , Hei Mo , Fan Da Peng
Published: August 2014

A composite control scheme is proposed to solve the problems of friction toque and carrier disturbance lag in the stabilized loop of inertial stabilized platform. Based on analysis of composite control structure, the performance of single rate loop, double rate loop and composite control in the inhibition of carrier disturbance, friction torque and sensor noise are compared. In order to further verify the composite control method, an experimental setup is built. The experimental results show that: when the disturbance is 1deg-1Hz sinusoidal signal, the peak value of residual error of the single rate loop is 0.055 deg, the double rate loop is 0.031deg, and the composite control is the 0.0188deg, so the performance of isolation carrier disturbance of platform is effectively improved.
The Optimization Design on Transmission Mechanism of Tightening Machine
Authors: Sun Quan Ying , Wang Yi Li , Meng Xiu Li , Yu Xiao Dong
Published: August 2014

This article, to optimize the transmission mechanism of tightening machine, select the involute planetary gear with two teeth differences a research object, determine the design variables about modification coefficient, modulus and tooth thickness, based on the target of having the minimum volume, a mathematical model of optimization was established, the optimal solution of the objective function is obtained by using the SQP method on fmincon function of optimization toolbox of Matlab. The results showed, the volume of pinion decreased 15% after optimizated, the volume of the corresponding gear will also greatly reduced, achieved the optimization goal.
Development and Experimental Study of Magnetic Property for Servo Valve Torque Motor
Authors: Li Cheng Cheng , Shao Dong Xiang , Wang Guang Lin
Published: August 2014

Torque motor is an electrical-mechanical converter of servo valve, is bridge which connects the electrical devices and hydraulic devices, is one of key components of servo valve. The permanent magnet torque motor is studied in this paper. As key parameters of design of servo valve, the magnetic property of torque motor determines magnitude of the electromagnetic torque. At present, many manufactures of servo valve pays more attention on the test of integral servo valve. The design of torque motor also bases on experience, lacking of specialized tool for torque motor test. This paper described the principle of magnetic property of the test, developed a test system for magnetic characteristics, and established the relationship between the electromagnetic torque and current control current, and the relationship between output angular displacement and control current.
Design of the B-Axis of the Water Chamber Special Turn-Milling Center
Authors: Wu Feng He , Li Shu Zhi , Jiang Chong Min , Gao Dong Dong
Published: August 2014

As the key part of nuclear pressure vessels, the water chamber head has the features of large size, complex shape and difficult processability. The processes of conventional machining method are too decentralized, the cumulative error is large, and the processing cycle is long. In order to meet the efficiency and high-precision machining requirements of the nuclear power water chamber head, a design scheme of special turn-milling machining center and B-axis components is proposed. The part characteristics and machining difficulties of the water chamber head are analyzed in the paper. The machining areas and processes are subdivided, the numerical control technological process is presented. In order to complete the finish machining of the water chamber's inner and outer surfaces and its inclined holes and sloping faces, the movable gantry milling machining center with pendulant ram is designed. According to the head processing requirements, three design schemes of B-axis components assembly, single row cylindrical roller bearing type, double row tapered roller bearing type and the central axis unloading type, are proposed. Through the theory analysis and statics and modal comparative analysis, the central axis unloading type is adopted as the optimal proposal in B-axis component design. Simulation and experimental results show that the turn-milling machining center based on the unloading B-axis assembly can satisfy the precision requirement of the water chamber head.
Experimental Effect of Cryogenic MQL Cutting 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: He Ai Dong , Ye Bang Yan , Wang Zi Yuan
Published: August 2014

Cryogenic MQL is a kind of green machining technology of the combination of cryogenic air and minimal quantity lubrication (MQL). The aim of this research is to determine if the cryogenic MQL technique in turning with Cutting tool with internal cooling structure gives some advantages in terms of tool life, surface roughness and cutting chip breaking. This paper reports the results obtained from turning tests, at one feed rates (0.12mm/r) and one depth of cut (0.4mm) and different cutting speeds (43m/min, 108m/min, 217m/min), and the results obtained show that using cryogenic MQL had some advantages in terms of tool wear, surface roughness and cutting chip breaking compared to using dry cutting and cryogenic air cutting. And the results obtained show that when cryogenic MQL and cryogenic air cutting were applied to high speed cutting, they had more advantages.
Technology Explore and Equipment Development of Walnut Shell-Breaking with Hierarchical and Double Roller
Authors: Zhang Hong , Ma Shao Hui , Lan Hai Peng , Hao Zhong Cheng
Published: August 2014

In this paper, we measure and statistic the 3d size of the Xinjiang wen-185 Walnut. And did its pressure test in three directions. Design double-rolling shell broken craft in four-point pressure with a self-hierarchical. Establish a mathematical model for walnuts shell-breaking with the technology. The walnut graded, diversion and shell broken were carried out in simultaneously to assurance an efficient shell broken rate and same time a high complete kernel rate.
Research on the Formation of Dimensional Chain for Thread Hob of Double-Roller Machine Rolling Thread by Axial Feed
Authors: Li Wen Xing , Jia Meng
Published: August 2014

The affecting factor of thread precision was found out through the analysis of the formation of dimension chain when thread hob (cutlery) of double-roller machine rolls thread by axial feed, methods and measures of settlement was presented, which improve the precision of rolling thread, the grade of product and economic benefit of enterprise.
Research on NC Technologies of Loxodromic Normal-Arc Bevel Gear
Authors: Wu Su Zhen , Wang Jing , Sui Xue Liang
Published: August 2014

Normal circular-arc spiral bevel gear is a new type gear based on Bertrand conjugation principle. Normal circular-arc bevel gear selects directrix on the basis of paying attention to machining planning process. When the directrix serves as loxodrome, the formed tooth profile surface not only has fine transmissibility like general arc bevel gear, but also is convenient to machining. Starting with differential geometry, the geometry nature and inner relationship of Bertrand conjugation surface are studied. Then the normal circular-arc surface id put forward which is a typical Bertrand surface; the conjugation theory of loxodrome normal circular-arc bevel gears is studied. The characters of loxodrome line are analyzed. The tooth profile of loxodrome normal circular-arc bevel gears, the primary condition the directrix line must be satisfied, the relative curvature of the conjugating surfaces, the relations between non-interventional condition and curvature axle of the directrix line is provided; the NC machining theory of normal circular-arc bevel gears is studied, including the designing and manufacture of the tool, the movement of the machine, the adjustment of the tool under the condition of tangency and non-interventional condition and so on.
Research and Implementation of a Fast Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on SRG
Authors: Hu Chun Yin , Tang Wan Cheng , Ye Bang Yan , Liang Li Dong
Published: August 2014

In order to improve the real-time performance and accuracy of the traditional SRG(Seeded Region Growing) algorithm in image processing, this paper proposes a intellective and rapid image segmentation by imitating the process of the virus infection in nature, and then implement it on vc++6 platform. On one hand , the algorithm can detecting automatically detect the seeds in image region and can be adapt for uneven-light image by adjusting the parameters based on the brightness of the background; On the other hand, only by one of the image scanning, it can segment and mark the objects from the background. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional SRG algorithm, this algorithm can improve the segmentation speed in different background with higher accuracy.
Real Time Monitoring System of Heat Treatment Intelligent Workshop
Authors: Feng Zhi Wen , Wang Gui Tang
Published: August 2014

Heat treatment intelligent workshop is an information system platform to meet the urgent need of China heat treatment information, which based on networking mode, integrates material heat treatment, electronic information, computer and other subjects of advanced theory and technology to do precise control, Lean management, and regional cooperation. System is an important manifestation of producing benefits after being highly fused modern information technology and traditional industries, which can effectively guarantee the quality of heat treatment, promote heat treatment to energy-saving emission reduction and clean production. This paper introduces the real-time monitoring system based on the production process. The platform, the configuration software , real-time monitors production process equipment, process and parameters, and through the execution layer of database system and intelligent workshop for data exchange, which has advantages of flexible configuration, the development of high efficiency, easy to extend .
Research on the Algorithm of Automatic Detection of Bus Dashboard Pointer Based on CM-Hough Transforms
Authors: Ma Peng Ge , Guo Rong Xing
Published: August 2014

The pointer position detection is an important part of implementing the bus dashboard functional test using machine vision. This paper introduces the composition and working principle of the dashboard automatic detection system on machine vision. Then, combining with image processing and Hough transform, we get the image analysis algorithm of the dashboard pointer detection. By analyzing a large amount of computation resulted from the fact that traditional Hough transform uses divergent mapping methods, paper puts forward the methods of improving the convergence of the mapping and conducts parameter space mapping, which effectively reduces the amount of computation. After that, combining with the actual picture of a bus dashboard, automatic detection experiment was carried out for the proposed algorithm. Experiments show that algorithm for dashboard pointer position machine visual based on CM-Hough transform can obtain the angle of the pointer, and effectively shorten the time for dashboard functionality test, and improve the efficiency of the production line for passenger bus dashboard.
Planning Design of Stereo Parking Lot Based on Bionics Principle
Authors: Yu Yi Ying , Yang Qing , Han Zhang Wei , Li Li , Liang Dong
Published: August 2014

The old town of the city, which has complicated network, is difficult to reform. Because of the traditional flat's low utilization of parking space and shortage of parking spaces, it is urgent to improve the existing public parking facilities for enhancing the status of the old area traffic and promoting the economic development of the old city. On the basis of the thought of double helix bionic structure, this article is to design a new energy-saving convenient parking building. Taking the double helix structure of DNA as the design concept, it takes the advantage of the double spiral of extraction track, and telescopic parking device of intelligent multiple angle, rotating parking platform, interactive extraction of vehicle system and a model for effective utilization of energy to improve the vertical lifting mode of the original stereo parking lot. Taking the characteristics of renewable energy and kinetic energy into consideration, it analyzed the available energy stability and the cost of using index, from the angle of reducing the output operation power and saving the energy. Research results can make the stereo garage's intelligence operation possible, parking access intelligence operations and be able to largely providing ground spaces, and it can greatly provide ground parking capacity, which improves the difficult parking problem in central business district effectively.
Research on Location Feedback Based DV-Hop Localization Algorithm
Authors: Liu Fei , Feng Guang Zeng
Published: August 2014

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), estimation of the location of the unknown node based on the average hop distance is an important research problem for range free localization algorithm. As one of the range free algorithm, DV-Hop chooses the average hop distance comes from the nearest beacon, can't reflect the real status of WSNs. We observe that the unknown node can achieve the precise location when one feedback channels are built between the unknown node and the beacons which embedded accurate location. Based on this observation, we propose one improved DV-Hop localization algorithm based on feedback mechanism (FDV-Hop). Using DV-Hop, the unknown node achieves the estimated location, and broadcasts its average hop distance to the beacons. The beacons also use DV-Hop to calculate their location based on the average hop distance from the unknown node. Then the beacons calculate the difference between the estimated location and the real location, and send the difference between them to unknown node with weights setting. The unknown node recalculates its location which involving the difference of location and the weights. The simulation shows that FDV-Hop can reduce the average localization error effectively and keep the localization stable.
The Geometry Errors Analysis of Laser Cutting Head
Authors: Fu Shou Chong , Zhang Hong Zhi , Yan Zhi Xin , Wang Yang
Published: August 2014

In order to analyze the positional accuracy of the key component of 5-DOF laser cutting machine–laser cutting head a geometry error model was established based on the theory of multi-body system kinematics. The factors resulted in the geometry errors were analyzed and the geometry error of the laser cutting head was computed by the probabilistic method of error budget. The result of the computation gives the evidence that the positional accuracy of the laser cutting head satisfy the requirement of the design.
An Investigation of the Vibration Testing Method for Small Diameter Endmills
Authors: Ono Takenori
Published: August 2014

This paper introduced about the in-process vibration testing method for small diameter endmill. By this method, the natural frequency and modal parameters such as mass, damping, and stiffness of the milling tool can be determined in the milling process. An oscillation of the vibrator is controlled by the function generator to apply the impact force at the appropriate cutting period. The measurement setup can determine the compliance curve by the measurement signals of the exiting force and tool deformation. To evaluate the feasibility of the new method, vibration tests were performed on a square endmill which has the diameter of 4 mm in the milling on brass material. Results of vibration tests show that modal parameters of the specific vibration mode can be determined by the new developed method.
Diffusion Wear Mechanism of Single Crystal Diamond Tool in Machining Die Steels
Authors: Zou Lai , Zhou Ming
Published: August 2014

Ultra-precision diamond cutting of ferrous metals has not been successful in application due to significant tool wear. In this work, numerical simulations and experimental investigations are presented in order to study the interface diffusion between diamond tool and workpiece materials. A diffusion model with respect to carbon atoms from diamond tool penetrating into chips and machined surface was established. The numerical simulation results of the diffusion process reveal that the distribution laws of carbon atoms concentration have a close relationship with diffusion distance, diffusion time and the original carbon concentration of the work material. In addition, diamond face cutting tests of die steels with different carbon content are conducted at different depth of cuts and feed rates to verify the previous simulation results. The wear morphology of rake face and flank face of diamond tool were detected by scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis was proposed to investigate the change in chemical composition of the chips and machined surface. The results of this work benefit for a better understanding on the diffusion wear mechanism in single crystal diamond cutting of ferrous metals.
Estimation of Micro-Hole Shape in Laser Direct Drilling of High Heat Radiation Typed Printed Circuit Boards (Process Monitoring with a High Speed Camera)
Authors: Onchi Suguru , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi , Ogawa Keiji
Published: August 2014

Recently, the development of electronic devices, such as smartphones, has meant that printed circuit boards (PCBs) have become complex multi-layer ones to provide both multiple functions and be compact. Blind via holes (BVHs) connecting the layers of the multi-layer board are processed by using a CO2 laser. The many benefits of direct processing by CO2 laser include a lower disconnect of the hole position as a result of the base drilling process in the inner layer circuit pattern. Also, efficiently dissipating heat from components improves the quality of the product as digital home appliances are increasingly compact, lightweight, and thinner. Using PCBs raises the radiation performance by the addition of alumina filler at the insulated layer. However, adding alumina filler means that laser processing is difficult, processing efficiency is reduced, and debris on the surface around the drilled hole increases. We consider what causes the changes in the processing hole by changes in the alumina filler content on the basis of data on drilling phenomena gathered with a high-speed camera. We found that the insulating layer material didn’t effect the diameter of the drill hole per laser spot diameter. The cross-section processing is done in a cone initially, and the truncated cone is then processed. And, we found that the hole depth and processing overhang was reduced, and the amount of scattering increased with the amount of alumina content filler.
Finishing of 4H-SiC (0001) by Combination of Thermal Oxidation and Abrasive Polishing
Authors: Deng Hui , Endo Katsuyoshi , Yamamura Kazuya
Published: August 2014

4H-SiC is considered as one of the most promising next-generation semiconductor power-device materials. An atomically flat 4H-SiC surface with a well-ordered step/terrace structure was essential for epitaxial growth or applications in electrical devices. Plasma assisted polishing (PAP), in which the irradiation of atmospheric-pressure water vapor plasma and ceria (CeO2) abrasive polishing were combined, was successfully applied to the atomic-scale flattening of 4H-SiC. To clarify the atomic-scale flattening mechanism of 4H-SiC in PAP process, investigations of thermal oxidation of 4H-SiC were conducted. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) observations revealed that the interfaces between the thermal oxidized oxide layer and SiC were very flat regardless of the thickness of the oxide layer. Dipping in hydrofluoric acid for 10 min and CeO2 abrasive polishing for 3 h were respectively conducted on a 4H-SiC surface which was thermally oxidized for 2 h. A flat surface was obtained after dipping in HF acid. However, no step/terrace structure, which corresponds to the inclination of the crystal plane, could be observed due to the residual of silicon oxycarbide. A well-ordered step/terrace structure was obtained on the surface polished by CeO2 abrasive. The step height was about 0.25 nm, which corresponds to a one-bilayer structure of 4H-SiC. The different oxidation rates of Si atoms on the cubic face and Si atoms on the hexagonal face were considered the reason why two kinds of terraces with different width were generated.
Optimal Design of Piezoelectric Actuator for Precision Positioning Applications
Authors: Chang Lien Kai , Tsai Mi Ching
Published: August 2014

Recent advances in measurement systems require positioning systems with high stiffness, accuracy and speed. Piezoelectric actuators which are featured with mechanical simplicity, quick response, and electromagnetic immunity, are often used in precision positioning. It is known that piezoelectric actuators can achieve high positioning accuracy by the stepping mode but low speed. By contrast, the resonance vibration mode will offer high positioning speed, but sacrifices the high inherent position resolution. For the stepping mode, the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator significantly affects the speed, of which larger displacement induces higher speed. For the resonance vibration mode, an elliptical motion of the piezoelectric actuator tip is generated by horizontal and vertical eigenmodes, and the optimal efficiency can be achieved when the two eigenmodes are operated at the same frequency. For the applications of high positioning accuracy and speed, a piezoelectric actuator should be designed by taking these two operation modes into consideration simultaneously. Based on these requirements, the optimal structural dimensions of a piezoelectric actuator are obtained using a genetic algorithm.
Decision Rules and Risk Analysis
Authors: Krystek Michael
Published: August 2014

Measurement uncertainty has important economic consequences for calibration and inspection activities and is often taken as an indication of the quality of a test laboratory. Smaller uncertainty values are generally of higher value. In industry decision rules employed in accepting and rejecting products are based on the measurement uncertainty budget of the related characteristics of the products. Conformity assessment based on the product specification and the measurement evaluation is an important part of the industrial quality assurance of manufactured products and for the stability of production processes. The aim of this paper is to describe the relationship between the conformance zone and the acceptance zone and to address the problem of determining acceptance limits that define the boundaries of the acceptance zone.
Wireless Driving of Electrostatic Film Actuator by Pre-Charging Electrodes with DC High Voltages
Authors: Hosobata Takuya , Yamashita Norio , Yamamoto Akio , Higuchi Toshiro
Published: August 2014

Electrostatic film actuator is a thin, lightweight and flexible actuator composed of two plastic films with fine-pitched electrodes embedded in them. In this paper, we report a novel driving method for the actuator, in which the electrodes in one film (the slider film) are pre-charged with DC high voltages, and the slider film is driven by AC voltages applied to the electrodes in the other film (the stator film). Typically, the actuator has been driven by applying three-phase AC voltages to the electrodes in both films; in the driving method, the slider film required connections of feeding wires, whose tensions causing disturbance to its motion. The advantage of the pre-charging method is that the slider film is free from the feeding wires; in turn, it requires an additional step before driving: charging of the slider electrodes. To confirm the feasibility of the method, experiments were conducted using a pair of films fabricated by flexible printed circuit technology. Each of the films incorporate 475 strips of electrodes within their overlapping area; the electrodes are 18 mm in length and 40 μm in width, arranged at a constant pitch of 160 μm. DC voltages used for pre-charging the three-phase electrodes in the slider were 500 V, -500V and 0 V, respectively. After the pre-charging, 500 V three-phase voltage applied to the stator drove the slider with maximum thrust force of approximately 120 mN. We also found that the thrust force of the actuator decay with time after pre-charging, which indicate that further investigations are necessary to prolong its duration.
A Fast Approach to Obtain High-Precision Measurement of the Minimum Circumscribed Cylinder Using Computer Drawing
Authors: Chen Wei Fang , Chang Jui Te
Published: August 2014

Roundness and spindle error motion measurements are two fundamental issues in the geometrical measuring techniques. Most of the fixture with rotating cylindrical shaft, cylinder defined by the minimum circumscribed axis, can be obtained the minimum circumscribed rotation surface high-precision axis. Generally, a more accurate measurement points, can result in a more accurate cylindrical shaft, but the longer the time of the calculation time. In this paper, the drawing method can handle a large number of measurement data to avoid lengthy and complicated calculations, and can quickly obtain the minimum circumscribed cylindrical axis precise location, deviation and cylindrical radius and tolerance. This article is the use of the minimum circumscribed cylinder theoretical approach with computer drawing ways. Comparison is relatively quick and easy. The actual display of the results, which can be easily, obtained the position, skew and deviation of the spindle. This paper will be established a cylindrical outer edge quality assessment model and provided a basis for the cylindrical outer edge quality assessment. This paper for seeking the axis of cylindrical shank is based on minimum circumscribed cylindrical theory with computer drawing method and instances for verification. The computer drawing method can be determined spindle eccentric angle and the distance of deviation, to provide a reliable model for the evaluation of rotary spindle, the mode established by the paper at the same time applicable to any other rotating spindle error evaluation.
The Spatial Synchronization of Areal Measurement Data Sets by Multi-Probes
Authors: Lee Dong Hyeok , Kim Min Gyu , Cho Nahm Gyoo
Published: August 2014

In this paper, to release this induced errors and improve the accuracy of the measured data, a new spatial synchronization method is proposed to spatially synchronize the three-dimensional surface data sets obtained by variety surface topography measuring instruments. The proposed spatial synchronization method minimizes the geometrical error components using the data interpolation, the least squares method, and the two-dimensional cross correlation function. For verification of the method, it was applied to the measured data sets measured with a chromatic confocal microscopy, a laser scanning confocal microscopy, and an ellipsometer. Based on the experimental results, the accuracy or the proposed method is analyzed and evaluated.
Binder-Free Green Composite Using Bamboo Fibers Extracted with a Machining Center-Investigation of Optimal Bamboo Fiber Length
Authors: Imura Shinya , Ogawa Keiji , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi
Published: August 2014

Bamboo grows faster than other renewable natural materials. Bamboo fiber, in particular, has attracted attention as an environmentally superior material. Therefore, we propose a sustainable manufacturing system using bamboo. A method is also proposed for extracting bamboo fibers end-milled using a machining center with in-situ measurement. Bamboo fibers with highly precise shapes are efficiently acquired. Previously, we proposed the fabrication of a binder-free composite by a hot press forming method that only uses bamboo fibers extracted by a machining center. We experimentally demonstrated various hot press forming conditions and achieved proper ones to optimize the forming process. However, we have not yet constructed a method to obtain the best fiber extracting and molding conditions considering both its efficiency and performance. Therefore, in this report, we investigate the influence of the length of used bamboo fiber on the characteristics of the molded products, as its length deeply affects the extracting efficiency and focuses on a degradable plastic as a standard of molded product strength.
Identification of Flow Stress Applicable for FEM Simulation of Orthogonal Cutting Process
Authors: Wahab Norfariza , Inatsugu Yumi , Kubota Satoshi , Kim Soo Young , Sasahara Hiroyuki
Published: August 2014

Nowadays, numerical simulation technique is very popular to estimate and predict the machining parameters such as cutting forces, stresses distribution, temperature and tool wear. The objective of this study is to determine the 0.45%C steel (JIS S45C) flow stress value under high strain rate and temperature. The Johnson and Cook (JC) material model is used as a constitutive equation to describe the high speed cutting process. Compression test and orthogonal cutting test were carried out in order to obtain the required parameters in JC model. Inverse calculation method was used to determine the strain rate and temperature dependency parameter based on several cutting conditions. As a result, validity of verification of method was completed and the flow stress of S45C had been evaluated.
A New Prediction Model for Thermally Induced Errors of a Turning Center
Authors: Chi Hua Wei , Lin Yo Ren
Published: August 2014

Thermally induced errors and geometric errors are two main sources that affect the machine tool accuracy when machining. In the last decade, real time compensation method had received wide attention for its ability to reduce the thermal error cost–effectively. Although real-time thermal error compensation techniques have been successfully demonstrated in laboratories, several difficulties hinder its widespread application. The selection of temperature variables and the setup of the error measurement system are the most critical ones among these difficulties. In this paper, a new on line measurement system and a new model that predicts the thermal error of a turning center are developed. The on-line measurement system using a Renishaw’s LT02S probe system is capable of measuring thermal error of a CNC turning center in real cutting conditions. The neural network uses the cutting conditions as the mapping inputs to avoid problems occurred in the traditional temperature-error mapping model. Results show the proposed measurement system and prediction model can be used to accurately estimate the thermally induced error in real cutting conditions.
Error Detection Technology for Calibrating Precision of Non-Contact Coordinate Measuring Machine
Authors: Sun Qing Zhou , Zhao Ji , Ji Shi Jun , Zhang Lei , Zhou Shu Hong
Published: August 2014

In this paper, a non-contact coordinate measuring machine with laser displacement sensor, which consists of three translational axes, is designed and built independently. In order to obtain the measuring precision, it needs to calibrate the coordinate measuring machine. Learning from the calibration method of contact coordinate measuring machine, a detection method is proposed for calibrating the precision of the non-contact coordinate measuring machine. Based on the homogeneous coordinate transformation theory, the error model of coordinate measuring machine is built under the condition that the positioning errors, angular errors, straightness errors and perpendicularity errors are taken into comprehensive consideration. The final error expressions of three axes can be calculated in the use of error model and homogeneous coordinate transformation theory. The final values of the errors are acquired through the analysis of the error curves, which can be obtained by using the laser interferometer system. The method proposed in this paper is using the two-dimensional ball plate to measure the errors. By locating three different positions of the ball plate in the space and using automatic centering procedure to measure the center position which is previously calibrated, the final errors of three axes can be detected directly. By comparing the two results, it testifies that the two-dimensional ball plate detection method is reasonable. Comparing with the laser interferometer method, the two-dimensional ball plate detection method reduces the workload of adjusting the optical path and the time of measuring errors, which has the vital significance in calibrating the precision of non-contact coordinate measuring machine.
An Investigation of Factors Affecting and Optimizing Material Removal Rate in Computer Controlled Ultra-Precision Polishing
Authors: Ho Lai Ting , Cheung Chi Fai , Blunt Liam , Zeng Sheng Yue
Published: August 2014

There are numerous parameters and steps involved in a computer controlled ultra-precision polishing process (CCUP). The success of CCUP relies heavily on the understanding and optimization of material removal when new materials and new surfaces are polished. It is crucial to optimize the polishing parameters to enhance the effectiveness of the polishing process and to assess the impact of different process parameters on the material removal rate of particular difficult-to-machine materials such as CoCr alloys, which is commonly used in orthopedic implants. This paper aims at studying the process parameters and optimization of the parameter to enhance the material removal rate and quantify the contribution of process parameters.
A Framework of a Continuous Injection Direct Rolling Process for Precision Manufacturing Plastic Plates with Patterned Microstructures
Authors: Kong Ling Bao , Li Ji Bin , Cheung Chi Fai , Lou Yan , Wang Chang Sheng , Peng Huai Wei , Mak Chung Hong , Li Da
Published: August 2014

This paper presents an integrated roller embossing process named Continuous Injection Direct Rolling (CIDR) process. The CIDR process is similar to Continue Casting Direct Rolling (CCDR) process for metal material. The process consists of Plastic Injection Module, Injection Nozzle, Precision Rolling Module, and Automatic Coiling Module. In the proposed CIDR process, the plastic plate with microstructured pattern is produced by the integrated injection and rolling process, which is different from the current rolling or plastic injection process. Some key technologies including injection nozzle design, roller design, roller coupling, and ultra-precision machining of rollers, are presented. An on-machine measurement method is also proposed and presented to avoid the incontinence and errors caused by disassembling the roller workpiece for off-line measurement. The results of the pilot study are also discussed. The research work provides an enabling solution for precision manufacturing plastic plate and film with microstructured patterns.
Improvement on Die-Casting Efficiency and Property of Aluminum Alloy Casing.
Authors: Hsu Quang Cherng , Do Anh Tuan , Yeh Kuei Cheng , Ye Jhan Hong
Published: August 2014

Die-casting process is significantly used in the industry for its high productivity and less post-machining requirement. For high pressure die-casting, it needs well-design of gating and runner system; therefore, die cavity design and technology parameter calculations are essential. In the current paper of die-casting for automobile starter motor casing, the following issues are focused: filling simulation, defect analysis, and finally the use of the Taguchi multi-quality analysis method to find the optimal parameters and factors to increase the aluminum ADC10 die-casting quality and efficiency. When the casting speed is increased, the volume shortage detects due to solidification procedure can be reduced. However, if the casting speed exceeds a permissible level, the defects of gas volume and porosity will occur. After Taguchi method analysis, the results of the optimum parameters are: for the gate area of 40mm2, group 2 of the gate location, the speed of the liquid metal at the gate 50 m/s, the temperature of molten aluminum 670° C.
Improvement of Drill Life for Nickel Super Alloy by Ultrasonic Vibration Machining with Minimum Quantity Lubrication
Authors: Isobe Hiromi , Hara Keisuke
Published: August 2014

In this study, drilling for nickel alloy was carried out with ultrasonic vibrating carbide drill. Micro drilling is not an easy machining process due to remarkable tool wear, lower stiffness of the tool, difficulty of chip and heat removal from cutting point. Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining has effects of decrease of cutting force, generation of fragmented small chip, extension of tool life and improvement of surface integrity. In this study, ultrasonic vibration drilling for nickel super alloy was investigated to improve the tool life and productivity. The drilling for heat-resisting nickel super alloy was performed with the drill of 0.3mm in diameter. As a result, ultrasonic vibration drilling performed 302 holes with thickness of 2.0mm by applying minimum quantity lubrication to blow off the chips on the flutes. Ultrasonic vibration improved deviation of position of drilled hole because the hammering motion of the chisel edge results in good bite of tool on work surface. The productivity is directly depends on feed rate. The increasing feed rate from 6mm/min to 60mm/min dramatically reduced the tool life one thirtieth under conventional drilling condition. On the other hand, the ultrasonic vibration drilling reduced the tool life only one half.
Influence of Ultrasonic Assisted Processing on the Ductility of Binderless Tungsten Carbide
Authors: Bulla Benjamin , Klocke Fritz , Dambon Olaf
Published: August 2014

For the production of mould inserts for precision glass moulding, the ultra precision grinding technique with a subsequent manual polishing operation is typically applied. These processes are time consuming and have a relatively low reproducibility. An alternative manufacturing technology, with a high predictability and efficiency, which additionally allows a higher geometrical flexibility, is the diamond turning technique. In addition the ultrasonic assisted ultra precision cutting process has already proven its potential for machining difficult-to-cut materials, such as steel and glass. By applying the ultrasonic assistance, the classic constraints of the process can be widened significantly. In this publication the process is applied on binderless, nanocrystalline tungsten carbide.
High Speed Machining of Difficult-to-Machine Materials under Different Lubrication Conditions
Authors: Obikawa Toshiyuki , Ohno Tatsumi , Nakatsukasa Ryuta , Hayashi Mamoru , Tabata Tomohiko
Published: August 2014

This paper describes the applicability of air jet assisted (AJA) machining to stainless steel and titanium alloy at high cutting speeds in terms of tool wear and tool life. A specially designed tool holder with an air nozzle very close to the tool tip was prepared for turning stainless steel. From the experimental results, it was found that the application of flood coolant from the side of the end flank face leads to better result in tool life in AJA machining of stainless steel than that from the side of the side flank face. The assistance of air jet can improve the tool life of the M35 CVD coated insert in machining of the stainless steel by 36 to 100% under the optimal conditions in comparison with wet machining. It was also found that the air jet assistance extended the tool life of the S10 PVD coated insert by 48% in turning titanium alloy. The tool life extension of the coated insert in AJA machining titanium alloy is much longer than that of an uncoated carbide insert.
Dynamic Performance Measurement of Proximity Sensors for a Mobile Robot
Authors: Tsung Tsing Tshih , Hoai Nguyen
Published: August 2014

Knowledge about dynamic performance is very important for a control system. When carrying out static performance of a mobile robot, the sensing distance of various materials is established. However, based solely on this factor for controlling the mobile is not exact. Because in fact, many factors will influence to mobile robot controlling, they are determined by the relationship between the physical quantity in the measurement. Through a detailed study of theoretical knowledge and by some empirical methods of the conveyor system, we can determine the relationship of the dynamic parameters, such as: velocity, sensing distance, dimension of material, thickness of material, and so on. Experimental results demonstrate that the shape as the output signal depends on the type of sensor being used. To research the scope of the mobile robot, an analog proximity sensor is optimal, and to identify the output signal ON or OFF, the selection of digital sensor is better than an analog sensor. This is as a basis to improve the theoretical knowledge of mobile robot controller through the proximity sensor. Simultaneously, with these results, mobile robot is able to sense its world and change its behaviour on that basis.
A Study of Cutting Strategy in Single-Point Diamond Turning of Micro V-Groove Patterns on Precision Roller Drums
Authors: Mak C.H. , Cheung C.F. , Ren M.J. , Kong L.B. , To S.
Published: August 2014

This paper presents a study of cutting strategies on the surface generation in single-point diamond turning of micro V-groove patterns on precision roller drums. An aluminium precision roller drum with a diameter 250mm and 100 long was diamond turned with a V-groove pattern. A series of cutting experiments were designed to study the effect of the variation of various cutting parameters and cutting tool paths on the surface quality in diamond turning of the precision roller drum. The parameters under investigation included the depth of cut, number of steps and the depth for each cut when diamond turning V-grooves on the cylindrical surface of a workpiece. The measurement result indicates that the surface quality of V-grooves machined on the precision roller drums is affected by cutting strategies. The optimal cutting strategy for machining a V-groove pattern on a precision drum with 5µm depth was obtained.
Metrology for Comparison of Displacements at the Picometer Level
Authors: Stone Jack , Egan Patrick , Hendircks Jay , Strouse Gregory , Olson Douglas , Ricker Jacob , Scace Gregory , Gerty Donavon
Published: August 2014

An apparatus capable of comparing displacements with picometer accuracy is currently being designed at NIST. In principle, we wish to compare one displacement in vacuum to a second, equal displacement in gas, in order to determine gas refractive index. If the gas is helium, the refractive index is expected to be amenable to high-accuracy ab initio calculations relating refractive index to gas density or to the ratio of pressure and temperature (P/T); the measured refractive index can then be used to infer (P/T) with an accuracy goal of about 1×10-6(relative standard uncertainty). If either the pressure or temperature is known, the refractive index measurement will allow us to determine the second quantity. Our goal is to achieve an uncertainty limited primarily by the uncertainty of the Boltzmann constant (before redefinition of SI units, which will give the Boltzmann constant a defined value). The technique is an optical analog of dielectric constant gas thermometry and can be used in a similar manner. The dimensional metrology is uniquely challenging, requiring picometer-level uncertainty in the comparison of the displacements.
Spectral Green's Function for SPR Meta-Structures
Authors: Iovine Renato , La Spada Luigi , Tarparelli Richard , Vegni L.
Published: August 2014

In this paper we propose a new approach to study the electromagnetic field in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) meta-structures. The geometry is a planar structure infinitely extended with a pulse excitation current embedded in the substrate. The general solution has been applied to a specific geometry that is frequently employed to model practical problems. The minimization of the thickness changes spectral Green's function in a more efficient form, suitable for calculations. Plasmon electric field expression on interface plane is obtained. This kind of meta-structures is suitable in various fields of application (e.g. optoelectronics and electromagnetic sensors).
Local Vector Magnetic Characteristic Analysis of a Three-Phase Three-Leg Transformer Model Core
Authors: Miyamoto Kyohei , Todaka Takashi , Enokizono Masato
Published: August 2014

This paper presents results of magnetic characteristic analysis of a three-phase three-leg transformer model core. In the analysis, the finite element method considering vector magnetic properties expressed by the integration-type E&S modelling is used. In this research, in order to reduce total iron loss, local vector magnetic properties for some different T-jointed models are compared in detail. Distributions of maximum flux density, maximum field strength, axis ratio and iron loss depending on the T-jointed position are clarified.