bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilevel optimisation of anaerobic ethyl acetate production in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Bohnenkamp Anna C. , Kruis Aleksander J. , Mars Astrid E. , Wijffels Rene H. , van der Oost John , Kengen Servé W. M. , Weusthuis Ruud A.
Published: April 2020

Background

Ethyl acetate is a widely used industrial solvent that is currently produced by chemical conversions from fossil resources. Several yeast species are able to convert sugars to ethyl acetate under aerobic conditions. However, performing ethyl acetate synthesis anaerobically may result in enhanced production efficiency, making the process economically more viable.

Results

We engineered an E. coli strain that is able to convert glucose to ethyl acetate as the main fermentation product under anaerobic conditions. The key enzyme of the pathway is an alcohol acetyltransferase (AAT) that catalyses the formation of ethyl acetate from acetyl-CoA and ethanol. To select a suitable AAT, the ethyl acetate-forming capacities of Atf1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Eat1 from Kluyveromyces marxianus and Eat1 from Wickerhamomyces anomalus were compared. Heterologous expression of the AAT-encoding genes under control of the inducible LacI/T7 and XylS/Pm promoters allowed optimisation of their expression levels.

Conclusion

Engineering efforts on protein and fermentation level resulted in an E. coli strain that anaerobically produced 42.8 mM (3.8 g/L) ethyl acetate from glucose with an unprecedented efficiency, i.e. 0.48 C-mol/C-mol or 72% of the maximum pathway yield.
Predicting liver cytosol stability of small molecules
Authors: Shah Pranav , Siramshetty Vishal B. , Zakharov Alexey V. , Southall Noel T. , Xu Xin , Nguyen Dac-Trung
Published: April 2020

Over the last few decades, chemists have become skilled at designing compounds that avoid cytochrome P (CYP) 450 mediated metabolism. Typical screening assays are performed in liver microsomal fractions and it is possible to overlook the contribution of cytosolic enzymes until much later in the drug discovery process. Few data exist on cytosolic enzyme-mediated metabolism and no reliable tools are available to chemists to help design away from such liabilities. In this study, we screened 1450 compounds for liver cytosol-mediated metabolic stability and extracted transformation rules that might help medicinal chemists in optimizing compounds with these liabilities. In vitro half-life data were collected by performingin-houseexperiments in mouse (CD-1 male) and human (mixed gender) cytosol fractions. Matched molecular pairs analysis was performed in conjunction with qualitative-structure activity relationship modeling to identify chemical structure transformations affecting cytosolic stability. The transformation rules were prospectively validated on the test set. In addition, selected rules were validated on a diverse chemical library and the resulting pairs were experimentally tested to confirm whether the identified transformations could be generalized. The validation results, comprising nearly 250 library compounds and corresponding half-life data, are made publicly available. The datasets were also used to generate in silico classification models, based on different molecular descriptors and machine learning methods, to predict cytosol-mediated liabilities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic in silico effort to address cytosolic enzyme-mediated liabilities.
Further refinements of reversed AM–GM operator inequalities
Authors: Ren Yonghui , Li Pengtong
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we shall give further improvements of reversed AM–GM operator inequalities due to Yang et al. (Math. Slovaca 69:919–930, 2019) for matrices and positive linear map.
A hybrid adaptive synchronization protocol for nondeterministic perturbed fractional-order chaotic nonlinear systems
Authors: Lin Funing , Xue Guangming , Su Guangwang , Qin Bin
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we investigate hybrid adaptive synchronization issue for a class of perturbed fractional-order chaotic systems with nondeterministic nonlinear terms. On the basis of fractional-order extended version of Lyapunov stability criterion, a novel fuzzy adaptive synchronization control protocol coupled with backstepping-based method is constructed, ensuring that the synchronization errors converge to a sufficiently small region of the origin. In order to avert the occurrence of “explosion of complexity”, we take advantage of a fuzzy logic system to estimate the unknown systematic term approximately in every backstepping step. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to exemplify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Novel method for reduction of virus load in blood plasma by sonication
Authors: Pförringer D. , Braun K. F. , Mühlhofer H. , Schneider J. , Stemberger A. , Seifried E. , Pohlscheidt E. , Seidel M. , Edenharter G. , Duscher D. , Burgkart R. , Obermeier A.
Published: April 2020

Background

Aim of the present study is the evaluation of ultrasound as a physical method for virus inactivation in human plasma products prior to transfusion. Our study is focused on achieving a high level of virus inactivation simultaneously leaving blood products unaltered, measured by the level of degradation of coagulation factors, especially in third world countries where virus contamination of blood products poses a major problem. Virus inactivation plays an important role, especially in the light of newly discovered or unknown viruses, which cannot be safely excluded via prior testing.

Methods

Taking into account the necessary protection of the relevant coagulation activity for plasma, the basis for a sterile virus inactivation under shielding gas insufflation was developed for future practical use. Influence of frequency and power density in the range of soft and hard cavitation on the inactivation of transfusion-relevant model viruses for Hepatitis-(BVDV = bovine diarrhea virus), for Herpes-(SFV = Semliki Forest virus, PRV = pseudorabies virus) and Parvovirus B19 (PPV = porcine parvovirus) were examined. Coagulation activity was examined via standard time parameters to minimize reduction of functionality of coagulation proteins. A fragmentation of coagulation proteins via ultrasound was ruled out via gel electrophoresis. The resulting virus titer was examined using end point titration.

Results

Through CO2 shielding gas insufflation—to avoid radical emergence effects—the coagulation activity was less affected and the time window for virus inactivation substantially widened. In case of the non-lipidated model virus (AdV-luc = luciferase expressing adenoviral vector), the complete destruction of the virus capsid through hard cavitation was proven via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This can be traced back to microjets and shockwaves occurring in hard cavitation. The degree of inactivation seems to depend on size and compactness of the type of viruses. Using our pre-tested and subsequently chosen process parameters with the exception of the small PPV, all model viruses were successfully inactivated and reduced by up to log 3 factor. For a broad clinical usage, protection of the coagulation activities may require further optimization.

Conclusions

Building upon the information gained, an optimum inactivation can be reached via raising of power density up to 1200 W and simultaneous lowering of frequency down to 27 kHz. In addition, the combination of the two physical methods UV treatment and ultrasound may yield optimum results without the need of substance removal after the procedure.
Biological links between traumatic brain injury and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Delic Vedad , Beck Kevin D. , Pang Kevin C. H. , Citron Bruce A.
Published: April 2020

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. Clinical presentation is characterized by postural instability, resting tremors, and gait problems that result from progressive loss of A9 dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been implicated as a risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases, but the strongest evidence is linked to development of PD. Mild TBI (mTBI), is the most common and is defined by minimal, if any, loss of consciousness and the absence of significant observable damage to the brain tissue. mTBI is responsible for a 56% higher risk of developing PD in U.S. Veterans and the risk increases with severity of injury. While the mounting evidence from human studies suggests a link between TBI and PD, fundamental questions as to whether TBI nucleates PD pathology or accelerates PD pathology in vulnerable populations remains unanswered. Several promising lines of research point to inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and protein accumulation as potential mechanisms through which TBI can initiate or accelerate PD. Amyloid precursor protein (APP), alpha synuclein (α-syn), hyper-phosphorylated Tau, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), are some of the most frequently reported proteins upregulated following a TBI and are also closely linked to PD. Recently, upregulation of Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2), has been found in the brain of mice following a TBI. Subset of Rab proteins were identified as biological substrates of LRRK2, a protein also extensively linked to late onset PD. Inhibition of LRRK2 was found to be neuroprotective in PD and TBI models. The goal of this review is to survey current literature concerning the mechanistic overlap between TBI and PD with a particular focus on inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and aforementioned proteins. This review will also cover the application of rodent TBI models to further our understanding of the relationship between TBI and PD.
Long-term survival after repeated resection for lung metastasis originating from pancreatic cancer: a case report
Authors: Uesato Yasunori , Tamashiro Koichi , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa
Published: April 2020

Background

Pancreatic cancer has a grave prognosis. Most patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer are inoperable, and case reports of resection of lung metastasis from pancreatic cancer are rare. This patient underwent resection of a lung metastasis twice after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.

Case presentation

A 75-year-old man with pancreaticoduodenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer was diagnosed with a lung metastasis 48 months after surgery. Histological findings after thoracoscopic partial resection of the right lung by video-assisted thoracic surgery confirmed the presence of a lung metastasis originating from the pancreatic cancer. The patient refused chemotherapy. A new lung metastasis was detected 84 months following the second surgery (132 months after the pancreaticoduodenectomy). After thoracoscopic partial resection of the left lung by video-assisted thoracic surgery, the histological findings once again confirmed a metastasis that originated from the pancreatic cancer. The patient refused chemotherapy and remained alive and relapse-free after the 10-month follow-up.

Conclusion

Detection and resection of an isolated lung metastasis originating from pancreatic cancer may improve prognosis. Careful follow-up may be warranted to identify patients who might benefit from aggressive local treatment of oligometastasic pancreatic cancer.
Genetic Study in a Large Cohort Supported Different Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease and Hashimoto’s Hypothyroidism
Authors: Zhang Qian-Yue , Liu Wei , Li Lu , Du Wen-Hua , Zuo Chun-Lin , Ye Xiao-Ping , Zhou Zheng , Yuan Fei-Fei , Ma Yu-Ru , Sun Feng , Yu Sha-Sha , Xie Hui-Jun , Zhang Chang-Run , Ying Ying-Xia , Yuan Guo-Yue , Gao Guan-Qi , Liang Jun , Zhao Shuang-Xia , Song Huai-Dong
Published: April 2020

Context

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are the 2 main autoimmune thyroid diseases that have both similarities and differences. Determining the genetic basis that distinguishes HT from GD is key for a better understanding of the differences between these closely related diseases.

Objects

To identify the susceptibility genes for HT in the Chinese cohort and compare susceptibility genes between GD and HT.

Design

In the current study, 18 SNPs from 18 established GD risk loci were selected and then genotyped in 2682 patients with HT, 4980 patients with GD, and 3892 controls. The association analysis between HT and controls and heterogeneity analysis between HT and GD were performed on SPSS, with the logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex and age.

Results

We identified 11 susceptibility loci for HT in the Chinese Han population, with 4 loci, including the rs1265883 in SLAMF6 locus, rs1024161 in CTLA4, rs1521 in HLA-B, and rs5912838 in GPR174/ ITM2A at X chromosome, reaching genome-wide significance of 5 × 10–8. Five loci were reported to be associated with HT for the first time. We also identified 6 susceptibility loci with heterogeneity between GD and HT. Out of them, 4 loci were associated with GD but not with HT, including HLA-DPB1, CD40, TSHR, and TG; the association of HLA-B with GD was stronger than that with HT, but the association of SLAMF6 was reversed.

Conclusion

Our findings suggested that the pathogenesis of HT and GD was different.
Recent advances in understanding inherited deficiencies in immunity to infections
Authors: Constantine Gregory M. , Lionakis Michail S.
Published: April 2020

The immune system is central to our interactions with the world in which we live and importantly dictates our response to potential allergens, toxins, and pathogens to which we are constantly exposed. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie protective host immune responses against microbial pathogens is vital for the development of improved treatment and vaccination strategies against infections. To that end, inherited immunodeficiencies that manifest with susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and/or fungal infections have provided fundamental insights into the indispensable contribution of key immune pathways in host defense against various pathogens. In this mini-review, we summarize the findings from a series of recent publications in which inherited immunodeficiencies have helped illuminate the interplay of human immunity and resistance to infection.
On Jacob's construction of the rational canonical form of a matrix
Authors: Geck Meinolf
Published: April 2020

H.G. Jacob's elegant approach to the rational canonical, or Frobenius normal form of a linear map is presented here in pure matrix language, thereby avoiding the abstract machinery and prerequisites in the original paper. Related algorithmic aspects and an efficient implementation in the computer algebra system GAP are also discussed.
Estimation of gamma-corrected exposure time ratio in multi-exposure images for removal of moving objects
Authors: Shim Seong-O
Published: April 2020

The constructed high-dynamic-range image from merging standard low-dynamic-range images with different camera exposures contains ghost-like artifacts caused by moving objects in the scene. We present a method to utilize the gamma-corrected exposure time ratio between multi-exposure images for removal of moving objects. Between each consecutive image pair in multi-exposure images, the ratio of their exposure times is computed and raised to the power gamma, and this value is used as a cue to detect the pixels corresponding to the moving objects. We propose a method to estimate this ratio from the observed image intensity values, in case the exposure time information or gamma value is unknown. Then the moving objects in multi-exposure images are removed by replacing the intensity values of the detected moving pixels with their expected background values. Experimental results show that the proposed method could remove fast-moving objects from the original multi-exposure images and construct a ghost-free high-dynamic-range image.
Pediatric Patient With Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Bronchiectasis
Authors: Russi Abigail , Gurbani Neepa , Rosen Michael J. , Mallon Daniel , LeBlanc Francis R.
Published: April 2020

We report a unique case of ulcerative colitis-associated bronchiectasis in a pediatric patient 6 years after colectomy. The patient presented with a chronic cough and had a computed tomography demonstrating bronchiectasis. She was treated with sputum expectoration (airway clearance) via chest physiotherapy and pulse-dose steroids with a prolonged oral taper. Her initial response was excellent; however, she experienced a recurrence of symptoms with de-escalation of airway clearance. Pulmonary extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease are most often diagnosed later in life. Both the severity of this patient's presentation and her age are unique to this case.
Morphological and reproductive characterization of developed mutants in groundnut
Authors: M. A. Mondal M. , S. H. Bhuiyan M.
Published: April 2020

Twenty-eight established groundnut mutants and two check cultivars were studied during Kharif-I (March-June) season of 2017 and 2018 to find out their variability and distinct character(s) as identifying keys. All the mutant lines showed erect type sequential branching habits with two seeds in each pod although they had shown significant variability in all vegetative and reproductive structures. According to cluster analysis, 30 mutants/varieties clustered into three major groups at distance level 60 based on the morphological variability of 14 characters. The variability of 14 morphological characters in three principal components was explained by 98.12% of the total variation. The characters, 100-pod weight had the highest contribution followed by branch length, plant height and 100-kernel weight. Twenty-three mutant genotypes grouped into intermediate type of the extremes in any given identifying key characteristics. Only single genotype of the whole lot showed distinctively the longest primary branch and highest secondary branch number and small seed size (D1/24-29), highest primary branch number (M6/7-25), lowest primary branch number (Mut-2), highest leaflet length and light green leaf colour (Dhaka-1), presence of stem pigmentation and pod beak and highest number of seeds pod-1 (Zhingabadam), leaflet shape lanceolate (M6/54-20). In contrast, only two mutants of the lot showed two buds raceme-1 (M6/36-24 and M6/61-6), bolder pod and seed size and highly constricted pod (Mut-2 and Mut-3). The genotypes with the above distinguished characteristic featured for being ideal genetic markers and could be used in future breeding applications as well as aids in varietal identification.
Wahrheit unter dem Vergrößerungsglas. Vorstellungen von Subjekt und Technik in der Rechtsprechung zur Polygraphie
Authors: Fischer Larissa , Paul Bettina , Voigt Torsten H.
Published: April 2020

Lügendetektion erlebt an deutschen Gerichten eine Konjunktur, obwohl diese Praxis wissenschaftlich umstritten ist und in der höchstrichterlichen Rechtsprechung kritisch gesehen wird. Wir analysieren die deutsche Rechtsprechung und das juristische Schrifttum zwischen 1954 und 2017 und arbeiten darin eine doppelte Verschiebung heraus, die die fortwährende Aushandlung um die Legitimität der Testverfahren erklärt. Erstens verändert sich das Verständnis des Subjekts, welches Gegenstand des Testverfahrens ist. Zweitens wandelt sich die Bewertung der Wissenschaftlichkeit und die Rolle des Apparats sowie des Testverfahrens. Aus wissens- und techniksoziologischer Perspektive zeigen wir, wie das Verhältnis von Technik und Subjekt sowie Körper und Wissen in der Rechtsprechung zur Polygraphie konzeptualisiert wird. Damit leistet der Beitrag Einsichten über die Rolle wissenschaftlicher Expertise im Rechtssystem.
Proteoglycan IMPG2 Shapes the Interphotoreceptor Matrix and Modulates Vision
Authors: Salido Ezequiel M. , Ramamurthy Visvanathan
Published: April 2020

Photoreceptor neurons are surrounded by an extracellular matrix, called the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). Activities crucial to vision occur within the IPM, including trafficking of nutrients and metabolites, retinal attachment, and interactions needed for normal outer segment phagocytosis. The IPM includes the following two unique proteoglycans: IPM proteoglycan 1 (IMPG1) and IMPG2. Patients with mutations in IMPG1/IMPG2 develop visual deficits with subretinal material accumulation, highlighting the critical role of the IPM in vision. To determine the role of these proteoglycans in retinal physiology and the pathologic mechanisms that lead to vision loss, we generated mouse models lacking IMPG1/IMPG2. In normal retina, IMPG1 and IMPG2 occupy distinct IPM compartments, represent the main source of chondroitin sulfate and are fundamental for the constitution of the cone-specific glycocalyx stained by the PNA (peanut agglutinin) lectin marker. No evident morphologic or functional deficits were found in mice lacking IMPG1. In the absence of IMPG2, IMPG1 abnormally accumulated at the subretinal space need, likely leading to the formation of subretinal lesions and reduced visual function. Interestingly, mice lacking both IMPG1 and IMPG2, regardless of sex, showed normal retinal structure and function, demonstrating that the aberrant IMPG1 distribution is the main cause of the visual alterations observed in the absence of IMPG2. In conclusion, our results show the dependence of secreted proteoglycans such as IMPG1 on the extracellular environment to properly integrate into the matrix, demonstrate the role of IMPG2 in shaping the IPM, and shed light on the potential mechanisms leading to the development of subretinal lesions and vision loss.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe photoreceptors are specialized neurons that drive phototransduction in the mammalian retina. These cells are organized and surrounded by an extracellular matrix, the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). Mutations in IPM proteoglycans are associated with blindness in humans. Our studies show that two specific proteoglycans of the IPM, IPM proteoglycan 1 (IMPG1) and IMPG2, form a dynamic structure with distinct localization and dependency. When IMPG2 is absent, IMPG1 cannot integrate into the IPM, leading to abnormal proteoglycan accumulation and visual deficits. This work adds a new layer of understanding to IPM physiology and describes the pathologic events following deficits in proteoglycans, providing novel possibilities for visual restoration in patients with IMPG-related pathologies.
Genomic Structure, Evolutionary Origins, and Reproductive Function of a Large Amplified Intrinsically Disordered Protein-Coding Gene on the X Chromosome (Laidx) in Mice
Authors: Arlt Martin F , Brogley Michele A , Stark-Dykema Evan R , Hu Yueh-Chiang , Mueller Jacob L
Published: April 2020

Mouse sex chromosomes are enriched for co-amplified gene families, present in tens to hundreds of copies. Co-amplification of Slx/Slxl1 on the X chromosome and Sly on the Y chromosome are involved in dose-dependent meiotic drive, however the role of other co-amplified genes remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the co-amplified gene family on the X chromosome, Srsx, along with two additional partial gene annotations, is actually part of a larger transcription unit, which we name Laidx. Laidx is harbored in a 229 kb amplicon that represents the ancestral state as compared to a 525 kb Y-amplicon containing the rearranged Laidy. Laidx contains a 25,011 nucleotide open reading frame, predominantly expressed in round spermatids, predicted to encode an 871 kD protein. Laidx has orthologous copies with the rat and also the 825-MY diverged parasitic Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, the likely result of a horizontal gene transfer of rodent Laidx to an ancestor of the liver fluke. To assess the male reproductive functions of Laidx, we generated mice carrying a multi-megabase deletion of the Laidx-ampliconic region. Laidx-deficient male mice do not show detectable reproductive defects in fertility, fecundity, testis histology, and offspring sex ratio. We speculate that Laidx and Laidy represent a now inactive X vs. Y chromosome conflict that occurred in an ancestor of present day mice.
Inversion Technique of Physical Parameters Based on Regularization Extension Depth Constraint
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Jun , Wang Xuben , Jian Xingxiang
Published: April 2020

Through the regularization downward continuation of gravity and magnetic anomalies, the depth of the field source can be solved. However, due to the Gibbs effect, the horizontal resolving power of the field source is poor. In view of this, based on the depth of field source established by regularization downward continuation, this paper proposes a physical property parameter inversion method based on iterative continuation and anomaly separation, which can effectively improve the inversion accuracy of superimposed anomaly physical parameters, and provide a new idea for solving the physical parameters of superposition gravity and magnetic anomalies.
Paleo-tectonic Stress Field and Tectonic Evolution since the Mesozoic in the Eastern Mining Area of Pingdingshan
Authors: Gong Weidong
Published: April 2020

By observing a large number of conjugate shear joint data in the field and underground of the study area, the conjugate shear joint data is analyzed by the stereographic projection method, and the paleo-tectonic stress field experienced in the mining area since the Mesozoic is inferred. Based on the above research, the tectonic evolution process of the eastern mining area of Pingdingshan is discussed from the aspect of dynamic mechanism. The results show that: (1) The eastern mining area of Pingdingshan experienced the Indosinian, Yanshan early-middle, Yanshanian, and Xishanian tectonic stress fields, with the directions of NS, NW, NE, and NNE, respectively. (2) The tectonic evolution of the mining area can be divided into four stages: (a) The Indosinian tectonic stress field has the weakest effect on the study area, the coal-bearing strata are gradually uplifted by the stress field in this period, and some small structures are formed in the coal-bearing strata; (b) The early-middle Yanshanian tectonic stress field has a certain transformation effect on the coal-bearing strata in the eastern part of Pingdingshan. It mainly forms the secondary structure of the mining area such as Huoyan normal fault and small fault-fracture structure; (c) The late Yanshanian tectonic stress field has the strongest effect, and the control complex fold structure with the axis near NW direction is formed under the tectonic stress field of this period, such as Likou syncline, Baishishan anticline, Lingwushan syncline, Guozhuang anticline, Niuzhuang syncline, etc. The near-NW direction of the control fault structure is also formed under the action of the late Yanshanian tectonic stress field, such as the Niuzhuang reverse fault, the original No.11 mine reverse fault, etc.; (d) The Himalayan tectonic stress field mainly forms some secondary and small structures in the mining area and has a certain transformation effect on the structure formed by the early tectonic stress field. The tectonic pattern of the eastern mining area of Pingdingshan is the result of the above-mentioned tectonic stress field acting in sequence with the coal-bearing strata, causing structural deformation of the coal seam.
Differences in pain measurement between nurses and physicians in a teaching hospital
Authors: Moyano-Acevedo Jairo Ricardo , Molina-Arteaga Bilena Margarita , Matute-Gonzales Ednna , Camargo-Sánchez Laura
Published: April 2020

Introduction: In clinical practice, the administration of opioid analgesics depends on pain severity records from nurses because they are responsible for determining the severity of the patient's complaints; however, discrepancies regarding pain measurement are often observed between physicians and graduated nurses, which can lead to an inadequate use of analgesics.Objective: To carry out a comparison of pain severity measurements made by staff physicians and nurses in a teaching hospital during the first 24 hours of hospital stay of patients with movement-related pain.Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the pharmacy database and medical records (opioids prescribed for 1 month, pain intensity, and medication management). The medical records of 634 in patients who were prescribed at least 1 dose of an opioid analgesic were reviewed.Results: The average pain score provided by physicians (5.4/10; SEM=0.17) was significantly higher than the average pain score reported by nurses (3.5/10; SEM=0.15) (p<0.05). The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.371 (95%CI: 0.138-0.563), indicating poor agreement between measurements.Conclusion: A poor agreement between pain measurements made by physicians and nurses during the first 24 hours of hospital stay was found. Bearing in mind that pain measurement is essential for achieving an appropriate treatment, the jointly provision of pain management education programs to doctors and nurses should be considered, so that they assess pain severity similarly, thus improving the management of inpatients and their quality of life.
Indagación narrativa y calidad de vida en mujeres con artritis reumatoide
Authors: Gómez-Ramírez Olga Janeth , Carrillo-González Gloria Mabel
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad que afecta la capacidad laboral y la calidad de vida; su prevalencia es mayor en mujeres entre la tercera y la cuarta década. Para comprender cómo los pacientes con AR perciben su calidad de vida, es necesario considerar sus experiencias y los significados que dan a su condición de enfermo crónico, además este proceso permite obtener información relevante para implementar estrategias que contribuyan a solucionar sus necesidades y mejorar su calidad de vida.Objetivo. Describir las percepciones de mujeres con AR sobre su calidad de vida.Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo cualitativo realizado en una muestra de 36 mujeres diagnosticadas con AR a quienes se les realizaron entrevistas a profundidad. Los datos fueron organizados mediante el programa AtlasTI; la indagación narrativa y el análisis interpretativo fueron realizados de acuerdo con lo propuesto por Ricoeur y Benner, respectivamente.Resultados. La indagación narrativa de los relatos de las participantes les permitió describir su calidad de vida como un estado de bienestar a pesar de que esta se ve afectada por la enfermedad. En el análisis de las narrativas se evidenció que la necesidad de protección y seguridad social es un fenómeno producto de las múltiples dificultades que las personas con AR afrontan en el actual sistema de salud de Colombia.Conclusión. Los resultados reportados en este estudio pueden considerarse como un aporte para la humanización de la prestación de los servicios de salud, puesto que permitirán a los profesionales de la salud reflexionar sobre cómo abordar la calidad de vida desde un enfoque psicosocial y humanístico.
Endocarditis por Leuconostoc lactis en un lactante: reporte de caso
Authors: Sarmiento-Ortiz Edgar Alberto , Oliveros-Andrade Oskar Andrey , Rojas-Hernandez Juan Pablo
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Las infecciones por Leuconostoc lactis son raras y se asocian a múltiples factores de riesgo; además, de acuerdo con lo revisado en la literatura relevante, no hay reportes de endocarditis causada por este microorganismo en población pediátrica.Presentación del caso. Lactante con síndrome de intestino corto que fue llevado por sus padres al servicio de urgencias por desnutrición. Durante su estancia hospitalaria prolongada, el paciente presentó múltiples infecciones, por lo que requirió catéter venoso central (CVC), alimentación enteral prolongada y nutrición parenteral. En uno de los episodios infecciosos intrahospitalarios se tomaron hemocultivos periféricos y se realizó un ecocardiograma, lo que permitió diagnosticarlo con endocarditis por L. lactis y por lo cual se decidió iniciar manejo con linezolid. Luego de 21 días de tratamiento, la infección fue controlada, pero con el fin de mejorar su estado nutricional y debido a un nuevo episodio de bacteremia, se decidió prolongar su estancia hospitalaria. Finalmente, después de 112 días de hospitalización, fue dado de alta para continuar manejo integral ambulatorio.Conclusión. A pesar de ser una entidad poco frecuente en pediatría, la endocarditis por L. lactis debe sospecharse en pacientes con múltiples factores de riesgo y con infecciones polimicrobianas. Un tratamiento oportuno y específico como el usado en el presente caso puede evitar complicaciones futuras.
Asociación entre el sistema de recompensa del cerebro y elección de comida en adultos mayores y de mediana edad
Authors: Valladares Macarena , Obregón Ana María , Pino Carolina
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Todos los días las personas toman diferentes decisiones relacionadas con su elección de alimentos, lo que a su vez determina sus hábitos alimenticios. El sistema de recompensa del cerebro (SRC) permite asociar ciertas situaciones con una sensación de placer, lo que influye en la posterior elección de alimentos.Objetivo. Describir cómo influye el SRC en el proceso de elección de comida en adultos de mediana edad y en adultos mayores autosuficientes.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en PubMed y SciELO. Se buscaron artículos escritos en inglés y español y publicados entre 1996 y 2018 utilizando los siguientes términos (en ambos idiomas): ”elección de la comida”, “sistema de recompensa”, “nutrición”, “adulto”, “adulto mayor”, “estado nutricional” y “envejecimiento”.Resultados. 50 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Solo 1 estudio estaba escrito en español; 22 fueron realizados en adultos mayores y el resto en adultos entre 20 y 40 años.Conclusiones. Teniendo en cuenta el escaso número de estudios sobre la conducta alimentaria en general, y en particular sobre la elección de comida en adultos mayores y de mediana edad, es necesario realizar más estudios en Latinoamérica sobre los procesos que subyacen al SRC y su relación con la elección de comida, y cómo estos cambian con la edad para predecir posibles conductas alimentarias e implementar intervenciones efectivas, pues una dieta saludable es esencial para un envejecimiento saludable.
MENGUKUR EFEKTIFITAS PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA POKOK BAHASAN USAHA DAN ENERGI
Authors: Putri Ade
Published: April 2020

Physics learning in Vocational High School is considered ineffective, this is due to the lack of media and teaching materials during the learning activities. In addition, the ability of teachers to use the same methods and models, asking for learning in the classroom becomes monotonous and increases the knowledge and skills of students. The purpose of this research is to measure the effectiveness of learning with the Discovery Learning model on work and energy material through the AABTLT with SAS assessment system. The method used is descriptive method. The research was conducted at the Muhammadiyah 2 Cibiru Vocational School, with the sample of the study being 41 students from class X RPL. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between learning design that has been prepared with the achievement of learning by students. This research concludes that the use of the Discovery Learning model can measure the effectiveness of learning which shows the average achievement of each step of the activity exceeds 50%, where in the preliminary activities reached 82.14%, essences activities 71.83% and closing activities 61.31%
KARAKTERISTIK RANGKAIAN EKIVALEN DIODA BLEND ORGANIK P3OT : PCBM
Authors: Setya Winda
Published: April 2020

Has conducted research diode characteristics equivalent circuit of the organic blend P3OT: PCBM.  In this study, the blend of P3OT:PCBM was sandwiched between a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and an Al backside contact. The current-voltage characteristic of the diode was measured under the dark and illumination. In order to determine the electrical parameters of the diode, we employed an equivalent circuit model developed originally for inorganic diode. As a result, the series resistance decreases while the reverse saturation current density increases by decreasing the thickness of P3OT:PCBM layer. This result may be useful for improving the performance of developing organic diode.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PRAKTIKUM GERBANG LOGIKA DASAR BERBASIS OP-AMP
Authors: Syahbani Abdul Karim
Published: April 2020

Penggunaan teknologi sekarang ini semakin berkembang khususnya dalam elektronika. Dalam ilmu elektronika terdapat suatu komponen yang merupakan gabungan dari komponen elektronika lainnya, komponen tersebut adalah IC (Integrated Circuit). Di dalam IC terdapat suatu rangkaian logika yang disebut gerbang logika. Gerbang (gate) berfungsi untuk menggambarkan hubungan antara masukan dan keluaran. Perancangan alat ini bertujuan untuk mempermudah peserta didik untuk memahami konsep gerbang logika menggunakan alat elektronika yang bernama OP-AMP. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan praktikum. Model praktikum yang digunakan adalah inkuiri dimana siswa dituntut untuk mengembangkan ide yang didapatkan dari pembelajaran di kelas. Hasilnya  percobaan dapat disimpulkan bahwa gerbang logika dapat membuktikan fungsi dari tabel kebenaran gerbang logika masing-masing gerbang logika mempunyai cara kerja dan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda yaitu; Gerbang logika NOT merupakan pembalik yang berarti output yang dihasilkan merupakan kebalikan dari inputnya, Gerbang logika AND adalah gerbang logika yang memiliki 2 input atau lebih, Gerbang logika OR memiliki 2 atau lebih sinyal input, dan Gerbang logika NOR adalah inverter dari OR. Untuk menentukan gerbang logika sesuai dengan tabel kebenaran ditunjukan dengan nyala lampu pada alat tersebut jika 0 diwakili dengan keluaran lampu mati, sedangkan jika 1 diwakili dengan keluaran lampu hidup.
ANALISIS GERAK JATUH BEBAS DENGAN METODE VIDEO BASED LABORATORY (VBL) MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE TRACKER
Authors: Ristiawan Agung
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration in free fall motion analyzed by the Tracker and determine the magnitude of the acceleration of free-falling objects depending on the magnitude of the force affecting the object by varying the distance the object is dropped. Retrieval of data in this study through experiments in Catur Tunggal, Yogyakarta. The subject of this research is the large acceleration of free-falling body motion. In the free fall motion variations in the height of falling objects by 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 cm for the same mass of objects that is 353 grams. The data needed is the position of the load on the free fall through Tracker analysis conducted on the recorded video. To find out the magnitude of the velocity and the magnitude of the frictional force acting on free fall motion an analysis is performed using a predetermined equation. The effective time in this study is two months. Based on the Tracker analysis, a velocity graph of linear time is obtained, from the graph the acceleration of free falling objects obtained by the equation obtained in the linear graph is Y = mt + b, where m is the gradient of the linear graph showing the acceleration obtained by analyzing Tracker is the same as gravitational acceleration in theory and for free fall motion of objects obtained an average acceleration of (9,63  ± 0,33) m/s2.
PROBLEM POSING: UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA
Authors: Sujito Sujito , Rahmania Ika , Pratiwi Hestiningtyas Yuli , Haryoto Dwi
Published: April 2020

Siswa di salah satu Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Kota Malang memiliki daya nalar, inovasi, dan kemampuan komunikasi yang rendah. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh sebagian besar siswa tidak mampu mencapai nilai SKM dan tidak memperhatikan saat teman melakukan presentasi. Berdasarkan observasi, siswa yang tidak mencapai nilai SKM adalah 68 %. Solusi yang diterapkan untuk memecahkan masalah ini adalah menerapkan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan problem posing. Proses pembelajaran ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi dan prestasi belajar siswa. Pembelajaran yang diterapkan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah problem posing. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan hasil tes formatif pada setiap akhir siklus. Keterlaksanaan pendekatan problem posing mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sebesar 80% menjadi 90% pada siklus II. Kemampuan komunikasi siswa juga mengalami peningkatan, yang pada siklus I sebesar 67,6% dengan kriteria cukup, meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 75% dengan kriteria baik. Sementara untuk prestasi belajarpun mengalami peningkatan, pada siklus I rata-ratanya sebesar 69,7 dan pada siklus II naik rata-ratanya menjadi 85,7
Pengembangan Modul Elektronik Fisika Berbasis Konstruktivisme untuk Kelas X SMA
Authors: Maiyena Sri , Imamora Marjoni
Published: April 2020

Abstractlimitations on the hard module and the lack of availability of technology-based learning media led to a lack of student motivation in learning physics. As a result, it is necessary to develop a constructivism-based electronic physics module. The objective of this research is to know the validity of constructivism-based electronic physics module for 1st student in Senior high school. This research is research and development research. Feasibility tests of the electronic module are carried out through the validation. Validation was carried out by three validators. Based on validation, it showed that constructivism-based electronic physics module that was developed is very valid with a percentage of 89.08%.AbstrakKeterbatasan pada modul cetak serta kurangnya ketersediaan media pembelajaran yang berbasis teknologi menyebabkan kurangnya motivasi siswa dalam mempelajari fisika. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan sebuah Modul Elektronik fisika berbasis konstruktivisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Modul Elektronik Fisika yang valid untuk siswa Kelas X SMA. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (research development) dengan menggunakan model 4-D. Pada tahap develop dilakukan pengembangan modul dengan divalidasi oleh 3 orang validator. Berdasarkan hasil validasi terhadap modul elektronik fisika berbasis konstruktivisme yang dikembangkan adalah sangat valid dengan persentase 89,08%.
Keyword and Topic Analysis of Online News Coverage on Students with Developmental Disabilities
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, An Yeji , Kim Dongil
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze online news coverage on students with developmental disabilities (DD) and to understand frequently arising social conflicts and controversies regarding special and inclusive education for the purpose of facilitating more inclusive culture. To this end, this study collected 15,616 online news coverage articles on students with DD, reported from January 1990 to April 2019, followed by an analysis of high frequency words and topics by using text big data analysis. The results of these analyses are as follows. First, the result of keyword analysis of all articles showed a high frequency of words that are related to school education, community support, activities, and services. Second, a total of 16 topics were derived from topic modeling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) on online news coverage on students with DD. The decade-phase-based analysis of the media’s interest in these topics was also implemented. Based on these findings, this study further discussed direction towards a successful inclusive education and culture for students with DD.
Changing Geographies, Changing Mindsets: J. M. Coetzee’s South African and Australian Years
Authors: DERELİOĞLU ŞEN Ayşe Ece
Published: April 2020

J.M. Coetzee, quite a senior but still a prolific author of our time, relentlessly pursues solutions to the present problems of multinational, multicultural settings using his texts as means, and this feature of him makes Coetzee a living sage, a dependable source for the readers to see and discuss the so-called problems through his lenses. Considering his four novels as the starting point of this article we aim to compare the problems displayed in his South African years (between 1990-1999) in Age of Iron and Disgrace to his novels produced in his Australian years (between 2005-2007) in the Slow Man and the Diary of a Bad Year. The position of the white- elite Westerner will be the main focus in the discussion in changing geographies and decades in the article, however, it will be clarified as well that it is Coetzee’s unchanging motto to provide his reader with different points of views through the challenging characters he places next to his chosen protagonist.
Yalan Haber, “Post-Truth” Kavramı ve Medya Üçlemesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Gündem Belirleyen Örnekler
Authors: SARIOĞLU Elif Başak
Published: April 2020

Bu makale, “post truth” kavramının 2016 yılı sonrası çok daha ön plana çıkmasına karşın; geçmişte de medyadaki örnekleri ile hayatımızda olduğunun altını çizmektedir. Bununla birlikte, özellikle son yıllarda yaşamımıza entegrasyonundaki artışa vurgu yapılmaktadır. Ağırlıklı olarak siyaset ve siyasi propaganda ile ilişkili olarak ilerlese de ekonomik çıkar veya farklı sebeplerle de post truth yaklaşımların sergilenebildiğine şahit olunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılması suretiyle gelenekselden dijitale uzanan habercilik yolculuğunda geçmişten ve günümüzden “ön plana çıkan”, “gündem yaratan” yalan haber örneklerinin incelenerek post truth kavramının hayatımızdaki yeri araştırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, internetin her geçen gün artan hızı, erişim alanının genişliği gerek kullanıcı gerek içerik üretici olarak dijital alandaki kullanıcı sayısındaki artış gibi etkenlerin yeni medya üzerinden post truth kavramı beslediği anlaşılmıştır. Post truth olarak nitelendirilen içinde bulunduğumuz çağda toplumun gerçeklik kavramı ile bağını koparmasında etken olan faktörlerin irdelenmesi, çalışma için alt yapı oluşturmaktadır.
Kırsal Alanların Kalkınmasında Kırsal Turizmin Rolü: Niğde İli Örneği
Authors: KARATAŞ Abdullah
Published: April 2020

Ekonomik gelişme tüm ülkelerin nihai hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır. Ülkeler ekonomik koşulları doğrultusunda ilerleme kaydetmekte, geleceklerini daha sağlam temellere konumlandırmaktadırlar. Bu konumlandırmada tarımın yeri ve önemi ise büyüktür. Ancak dünya nüfusunun büyük çoğunluğunun kentlere yönelmesi, kentlerin artan cazibesi ve iş olanakları, tarımsal faaliyetlerin yerini sanayi ve hizmet sektörüne bırakmasına, kır ve kent arasındaki uçurumun giderek daha da büyümesine neden olmaktadır. Kırdan kente göç dalgaları kent nüfusuna ciddi anlamda baskı uygularken, artan kirlilikle beraber yapılaşma faaliyetleri neticesinde her geçen gün yok olan yeşil alanlar, kentleri adeta yaşanmaz mekanlar haline getirmektedir. Oysa kırsal alanlarda yapılacak turizm faaliyetleri istihdamı destekleyerek hem ülke ekonomisine katkı sağlayabilecek, hem de kırsal kalkınmaya faydalı olabilecektir. Teorik olarak yürütülen bu çalışmada; tarih, kültür, dağcılık, kış sporları gibi yüksek turizm potansiyeli olan kırsal alanlara sahip bir il Niğde’de, kırsal turizmin kırsal alanların kalkınmasındaki rolü ve önemi üzerinde durulacaktır. Yapılan çalışma çerçevesinde, Niğde ilinin kırsal turizm potansiyelinin olmasına rağmen, bu potansiyelin yeterince değerlendirilemediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.