bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grammatical gender acquisition in sequential trilinguals: Influence of a gendered L1 vs. L2
Authors: Brown Megan M.
Published: March 2020

In an investigation of the acquisition of grammatical gender at the initial stage of L3 acquisition, beginner L3 German learners with L1 English/L2 Spanish or L1 Spanish/L2 English were compared in their ability to identify gender errors in a German grammaticality judgement task. L2 Spanish learners significantly outperformed L1 Spanish learners. Potential explanations for group differences include (1) exclusive transfer of L2 grammatical knowledge at the initial stages of L3, as predicted by the L2 Status Factor Model (Bardel & Falk 2007), as well as (2) increased metalinguistic knowledge of gender as a result of instruction in the L2.
Gender and numeral classifiers in Modern Nepali and their Proto-Indo-European analogues
Authors: Kilarski Marcin , Gąsiorowski Piotr
Published: March 2020

Proto-Indo-European (PIE) had two grammatical genders (common and neuter); the feminine was a shared innovation of the non-Anatolian part of the family. Using comparison with Modern Nepali, we argue that the puzzling feminine forms of the numerals ‘3’ and ‘4’ in Celtic and Indo-Iranian, and possibly also some similar constructions in Latin and Old Irish, are survivals of a system of numeral classifiers predating the full gender system. They contain the feminine element * s(o)r-, grammaticalized as a numeral classifier in PIE. A similar situation is attested in Nepali, where grammatical gender occurs alongside numeral classifiers. Analogies between numeral phrases in PIE and Nepali help elucidate the historical development in question.
Gender representation in linguistic example sentences
Authors: Kotek Hadas , Babinski Sarah , Dockum Rikker , Geissler Christopher
Published: March 2020

Prior studies have shown that example sentences in syntax textbooks systematically under-represent women and perpetuate gender stereotypes (Macaulay & Brice 1994, 1997; Pabst et al. 2018). We examine the articles published over the past 20 years in Language, Linguistic Inquiry, and Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, and find striking similarities to this prior work. Among our findings, we show a stark imbalance of male (N=10807) to female (N=5019) arguments, and that male-gendered arguments are more likely to be subjects, and female arguments non-subjects. We show that female-gendered arguments are less likely to be referred to using pronouns and are more likely to be referred to using a kinship term, whereas male-gendered arguments are more likely to have occupations and to perpetrate violence. We show that this pattern has remained stable, with very little change, over the course of the twenty years that we examine, leading up to the present day. We conclude with a brief discussion of possible remedies and suggestions for improvement.
The Anaphor Agreement Effect in the nominal domain: Evidence from Turkish
Authors: Paparounas Lefteris , Akkuş Faruk
Published: March 2020

We examine a set of agreement asymmetries in the Turkish nominal domain, motivating two core generalizations. Firstly, the assignment of genitive case yields an opacifying effect, making certain large nominals, but not pronouns, into domains inaccessible for agreement. Secondly, this opacifying effect is overridden in cases of binding: if an element that normally fails to agree acts as a binder, it can exceptionally participate in an agreement relationship. We examine the implications of these findings for recent proposals on the nature of the Anaphor Agreement Effect, and for the relationship between case, agreement, and binding.
Long-term sociolinguistics trends and phonological patterns of American names
Authors: He Katherine
Published: March 2020

This paper identified macro trends and phonological patterns of 348 million American baby names over 137 years from 1880 to 2017. The analysis showed that sociolinguistic trends have significantly influenced naming over time, as seen in the rise of individualism and unisex names, the impact of public figures and pop culture, and the substantially higher count of unique female names compared to male names. In addition, phonological analysis showed significant differences between male and female names in the number, type, and location of vowels as well as the number of syllables. On average, female names had more vowels, less consonants, and more syllables than male names. Also, names with certain word-final vowels and consonants were identified to be mostly-female or mostly-male. These findings demonstrated an inherent correlation between phonology and the perceived gender of names.
Probabilistic relation between co-speech gestures, pitch accents and information status
Authors: Im Suyeon , Baumann Stefan
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the occurrence of co-speech gestures as a function of prosodic prominence (pitch accents) and discourse meaning (information status) in a clear and engaging speech style. Among several types of co-speech gestures, we examine non-referential gestures, which are claimed to be prosodic in nature (Shattuck-Hufnagel & Ren 2018). In particular, we want to find out to what extent these gestures co-occur with specific accent types and whether they are used to encode referential, lexical, or contrastive information. Our results show that the occurrence of gestures was highest for L+H*, followed by H*, !H*, and unaccented words. Gestures were accompanied by L* only in continuations. Also, co-speech gestures were more likely to occur with new or accessible, and especially contrastive, information than with given information. The patterns differed between the referential and lexical level of information status, though. In general, this study suggests that co-speech gestures contribute to the probabilistic encoding of a word’s information status in conjunction with pitch accents.
When faultless disagreement is not so faultless: What widely-held opinions can tell us about subjective adjectives
Authors: Kaiser Elsi , Rudin Deniz
Published: March 2020

When two people disagree about matters of taste, neither of them is in the wrong: There is nothing contradictory in an exchange where one person says 'The rollercoaster was fun!' and the other responds 'No, it was not fun.' This is in sharp contrast to disagreements about objective facts. This phenomenon is known as faultless disagreement, and is at the heart of theorizing about subjective adjectives. Despite this fundamental role, little scrutiny has been given to the empirical profile of faultless disagreement. Our experiment addresses two questions: (i) Is faultless disagreement a property of predicates, or of pairs of a predicate and an argument? (ii) Is faultless disagreement a binary phenomenon? Our results show that judgments of faultless disagreement (i) are modulated by the choice of argument, reflecting the prevalence of opinions in the relevant population, and (ii) fall into at least three distinct tiers, suggesting that faultless disagreement is a gradient phenomenon.
Learners’ harmonic preferences are modulated by lexical retrieval difficulty
Authors: Zhao Yiyun , Fedzechkina Masha
Published: March 2020

Typological work has established the existence of language universals – features or combinations of features that (co-) occur in unrelated languages more frequently than expected by chance. The origins of language universals are a fundamental question in language sciences as these universals are considered a reflection of cognitive mechanisms underlying human language. In this study, we use a miniature artificial language learning paradigm to explore whether a well-known universal – a preference for harmonic word ordering between adpositional and verb phrases (i.e., placing the head in a consistent position with respect to the complements across the two phrase types) – originates in biases during language learning and whether this preference interacts with memory constraints (operationalized as lexical retrieval difficulty). We first trained participants on miniature languages containing adpositional phrases of a deterministic word order (either prepositional or postpositional inputs) and then briefly exposed them to simple transitive sentences (verb-subject-object and subject-object-verb order, equally frequent in the input). At test, we asked learners to describe simple transitive scenes. We found that in the hard lexical retrieval condition, learners exposed to a postpositional language showed a preference for harmonic ordering but learners of the prepositional language did not, which is only partially consistent to the typological distribution. In the easy lexical retrieval condition, learners of neither the postpositional nor prepositional language showed a preference for harmonic ordering, indicating that this preference is modulated by memory constraints.
THE EFFECT OF OUTDOOR LEARNING ON TEACHING WRITING OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT OF TENTH YEAR GRADE STUDENTS’ OF SMA SWASTA TAMANSISWA BINJAI AT ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018
Authors: Conny Conny , Miranti Shelly
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to find out whether using Outdoor Learning significantly affects on teaching writing of descriptive text of tenth year grade students’ of SMA SWASTA TAMANSISWA Binjai at Academic Year 2017/2018 . In this study, Outdoor Learning as the independent variable (X) and students’ descriptive text as the dependent variable (Y), with the hypothesis: using Outdoor Learning significantly affects on teaching writing of descriptive text of tenth year grade students’ of SMA SWASTA TAMANSISWA Binjai at Academic Year 2017/2018. The population of this study was the tenth year grade students’ of SMA SWASTA TAMANSISWA Binjai, which consisted of 161 sudents. The sample was taken by using random sampling, the total sample  was 60 students. Then, the sample was divided into two groups, the group taught by using outdoor learning was as the experimental group and the group taught without outdoor learning was as the control group. The  writer used test as the instrument of collecting data. The data was analyzed by using t-test formula. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the value of t-observed (to) was higher than the value of t-table, (tobserved = 4,13 > ttable = 1,67). Therefore, the hypothesis proposed by the writer was accepted. In the other words, using Outdoor Learning significantly affects on teaching writing of descriptive text of tenth year grade students’ of SMA SWASTA TAMANSISWA Binjai at academic year 2017/2018.Keywords : Outdoor Learning, Teaching Writing, Descriptive Text.
ANALISIS NORMATIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 14 TAHUN 2005 SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI PERLINDUNGAN TENAGA PENDIDIK (Studi Kasus Penganiayaan Guru SMAN 1 Torjun Sampang Jawa Timur)
Authors: Sembiring Muhlis Fahdiar
Published: March 2020

Educators are an important role in the formation of human resources as a nation's strength in fortifying themselves in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor concepts. The success of a nation does not escape the role of educators in the equitable development of knowledge and technology. Competitiveness is so high as the development of globalization requires human resources to always be able to develop both in terms of hard skills and soft skills. Based on this, educators are expected to have competence in the application of the learning and teaching process. Legal events that occur in this study are not only the responsibility of educational institutions, but the factors of the family are very influential on the pattern of child development, because the family is the first place and place where children spend more time in the family environment. The way students are applied by parents is also very influential on children's attitudes. Parenting that tends to spoil also shapes the attitude of children who are accustomed to what they want to be fulfilled and with such a pattern of life the child does not learn to control emotions and not learn to manage themselves Law enforcement is a process that is essentially the implementation of directors which involves making decisions that are not strictly regulated by the rule of law but have elements of personal judgment. Conceptually, the core and meaning of law enforcement lies in harmonizing the relationships of values described in solid rules and attitude to act as a series of final stages of value translation, to create, give birth and maintain the peace of life.
PENERAPAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI ATMOSFER DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN DI BUMI SISWA KELAS X IPS-1 SMA NEGERI 5 BINJAI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Suryati Suryati Suryati
Published: March 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kegiatan belajar mengajar guru dan siswa pada  model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation pada materi atmosfer dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan di bumi, mendeskripsikan hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkan  model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation pada materi atmosfer dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan di bumi, serta mendeskripsikan respon siswa terhadap model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation pada materi atmosfer dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan di bumi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), dengan instrumen penilaian berupa tes, lembar pengamatan, dan angket. Dari hasil tes formatif-1 diperoleh nilai rata-rata adalah 64,67. Dari hasil tes formatif-2 diperoleh nilai rata-rata adalah 75,21. Dari hasil tes formatif-3 diperoleh nilai rata-rata adalah 86,41. Dari Tes Hasil Belajar diperoleh 33 orang siswa yang tuntas atau 97,06%. Ketercapaian indikator tercapai dengan baik. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari 4 indikator yang ditentukan dan tercapai untuk semua indikator tercapai lebih dari 75 %. Respon siswa terhadap Penerapan model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigation adalah sangat baik, secara umum siswa menyatakan sangat setuju dan setuju bahwa pembelajaran ini dapat meningkatkan semangat belajar siswa.
STUDI KASUS SISWA YANG BEREKONOMI TINGGI TERHADAP KEMAUAN BELAJAR PADA SISWA KELAS X SMK KARYA BAKTI KECAMATAN SELESAI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: - Tumiyem Tumiyem
Published: March 2020

Kegiatan belajar mengajar dilakukan secara terencana dan menyentuh aspek psikis siswa, sehingga tumbuh motivasi dan minat bagi siswa untuk melakukan aktivitas belajar dan meraih prestasi belajar yang tinggi, sebab prestasi belajar yang tinggi hanya akan diperoleh bilamana dilakukan aktivitas belajar yang serius dan bersungguh-sungguh. Siswa yang belajar dengan baik dan sungguh-sungguh tidak terlepas dari dorongan dari luar dirinya yaitu guru, orang tua, fasilitas dan sebagainya. Namun kemauan belajar juga muncul dari dalam diri siswa. Oleh karena itu seorang guru sebagai tenaga pendidik dan pengajar harus mampu membangkitkan kemauan belajar siswa agar siswa benar-benar berhasil dalam pendidikan sehingga menjadi siswa yang berkualitas, kreatif, aktif dan mandiri.Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui studi kasus siswa yang berekonomi tinggi terhadap kemauan belajar pada siswa kelas X SMK Karya Bakti Kecamatan Selesai  tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan siswa, sedangkan yang menjadi sampel yaitu key informan sebanyak 3 orang siswa.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tingkat status ekonomi tinggi di SMK Karya Bakti dari 32 siswa hanya 3 siswa yang tergolong berekonomi tinggi.  Tingginya ekonomi dapatr dilihat dari penghasilan yang diperoleh orang tua setiap bulannya. Siswa yang berekonomi tinggi memiliki kemauan belajar yang cukup baik dalam belajarnya. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh faktor ekonomi yang menunjang kegiatan siswa dalam belajarnya. Status ekonomi siswa memiliki pengaruh terhadap kemauan belajar siswa dalam belajarnya di sekolah. Hal ini dapat dilhat dari pemenuhan kebutuhan siswa dalam belajarnya. Semakin baik pemenuhan kebutuhannya semakin baik pula belajarnya.
Enseñanza de la ciencia en radiología: la Caverna de Platón hecha arte por la imaginación.
Authors: Rodriguez Salazar Luis Mauricio , Oliver González, Misael Rubén , García Tovar Carlos Gerardo
Published: March 2020

El objetivo principal de nuestro grupo de investigación en epistemología de la imaginación –que es una propuesta teórica del primer autor de este artículo–, es cambiar el proceso educativo en veterinaria desde una perspectiva del papel de la imaginación en la enseñanza de la ciencia. Nuestra propuesta tiene como marco de referencia la construcción de acciones representativas que conlleva la imaginación de acciones basadas en el pensamiento geométrico, en el marco del sistema de ejes X, Y y Z. Con este planteamiento, las acciones representativas, a las que hacemos referencia como representa-acciones, están basadas en acciones imaginarias, a las que les damos el nombre de imagina-acciones. Desde el punto de vista epistemológico, la Caverna de Platón, en la que la gente mira sombras de hombres y animales proyectados en una pared, es llevada más allá de la alegoría, planteándola como la materialización de la imaginación expresada como arte.
Discurso visual en la comunicación gubernamental del Ecuador: propuesta de análisis.
Authors: González Maldonado Caridad , Puga Hermosa Daniel Antonio
Published: March 2020

En el presente artículo se establece una propuesta de análisis de la imagen fija en contexto principalmente sociopolítico y a la luz de la Comunicación de Gobierno del expresidente Rafael Correa. En este sentido el objetivo es atravesar las dimensiones morfológica y compositiva para indagar en la enunciación como proceso de creación de sentido a la luz de una práctica comunicativa oficialista acontecida en gran medida a través de la Internet y específicamente en las redes sociales nacionales. Para ello se asume un corpus de tres fotografías digitales que circulan en la plataforma de Facebook del exmandatario. De esta manera el estudio posibilita abrir el debate respecto de los modos de uso de la imagen en la comunicación política de la República del Ecuador de la mano de nuevos gobernantes al poder.
Modelo de construcción de Audio branding ICEIMFE.
Authors: Fariño Nurik , Montecé Carlos
Published: March 2020

El estudio del audio branding se ha desarrollado a lo largo de unas pocas décadas, el cual ha demostrado su efectividad y cumplimiento de los objetivos comunicacionales en cuanto a la construcción de identidad y diferenciación de la competencia. De este modo, el presente artículo tiene como propósito detallar el desarrollo del modelo de audio branding ICEIMFE aplicable y reproducible para diferentes marcas. La metodología de este modelo se basa en una exhaustiva investigación bibliográfica, y los resultados de una encuesta auditiva en donde se pudo obtener datos de concordancia y patrones de asociación los cuales permiten constatar que los sonidos tienen la capacidad de transmitir sensaciones y emociones. El modelo propuesto comprende siete fases; que abarcan el proceso desde el primer contacto con el cliente, la selección de los profesionales, el desarrollo creativo, la selección de soportes, el desarrollo de la identidad, la propuesta de un manual de marca auditiva, y un tema de suma importancia que es la frecuencia que se le debe dar a la estrategia de Audiobranding.
Política y diversidad en el cine ecuatoriano. Entrevista a Christian León.
Authors: Fiallos Belén María
Published: March 2020

Ecuador es un país diverso, y a la vez marcado por profundas desigual- dades. Formular e implementar políticas para la protección de la diversi- dad del cine no es tarea fácil, pero resulta fundamental si pensamos en la importante aportación del cine al estímulo de la sensibilidad, al fomento del universo simbólico, al desarrollo económico y la transformación social.

Un panorama sobre cuál ha sido el escenario de la diversidad en el campo cinematográ co en los últimos años, y cuáles son las políticas y medidas que existen para la protección y promoción del cine en Ecuador, desde la aprobación de la Ley de Fomento del Cine Nacional (2006), has- ta su derogatoria por la aprobación de la Ley Orgánica de Cultura (2016), lo podemos encontrar en la siguiente entrevista a Christian León.
¿Cómo se hizo Europa?.
Authors: Kodratova Alla
Published: March 2020

Cuando mis hijos eran pequeños, a veces veíamos juntos el popu- lar programa Art attack, donde un simpático y un poco alocado inglés, llamado Neil, de repente sufría un “atacazo artístico” creando cuadros e instalaciones de cualquier material o cosa que encontraba a su paso. Estoy recordando a Neil ahora, cuando trato de rememorar el “atacazo” que llevó a la creación del corto El rapto de Europa.
Revista Ñawi seleccionada como mejor Diseño Editorial en los premios Internacionales Clap 2018.
Authors: Jiménez León Edgar , Moncayo Moncayo Antonio
Published: March 2020

La revista Ñawi: arte diseño comunicación en su edición “Monográfico: Ecuador Audiovisual” fue seleccionada en la categoría Mejor Diseño Editorial de Diario o Revista de los premios Clap, organizado por Foroalfa y Veredictas, con sede en Barcelona. Este gran reconocimiento es un premio a la excelencia grá ca y conceptual a nivel iberoamericano. El jurado de los premios está formado por delegados de organizaciones de varios países como España, Brasil, Ecuador, Colombia, México y Uruguay, entre otros países.
Os Cursos Superiores em Tecnologia do IFRS – Porto Alegre: os modelos de gestão na/da Educação Superior
Authors: Silveira Diogo de Ávila Fontoura Julian
Published: March 2020

Resumo: A investigação aqui apresentada busca indicar possíveis arranjos institucionais presentes no contexto da Educação Superior articulada à modalidade da Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica no contexto do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, a partir dos modelos de gestão da educação implementados nos Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia da instituição, na perspectiva dos coordenadores de curso. Em função da natureza do estudo, nos utilizamos da abordagem qualitativa, de caráter descritiva-exploratória, alinhada a perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas e do Paradigma Multidimensional da Administração da Educação. Os resultados do estudo apontam para a complexidade da Gestão da Educação Superior no contexto da instituição, onde o modelo de gestão se apresenta de maneira a incorporar as noções de eficiência econômica, eficácia pedagógica, relevância cultural e efetividade políticanas suas práticas cotidianas.
 
Palavras-chave: Educação superior. Gestão da educação. Institutos federais. Cursos superiores de tecnologia. Paradigma multidimensional da administração da educação.
Analisa Struktur Mikro Material Substitusi Hidroksiapatit Cangkang Kerang Darah dan Resin Akrilik Bahan Pembuat Gigi untuk Aplikasi Gigi Tiruan
Authors: Afrizal Afrizal
Published: March 2020

Kerang darah (Anadara granosa) merupakan jenis kerang laut yang digunakan untuk menggantikan sebagian fungsi resin akrilik bahan pembuat gigi tiruan untuk aplikasi gigi pengganti. Dalam penelitian ini partikel halus hidroksiapatit sintetis yang berasal dari cangkang kerang darah digunakan sebagai partikel substitusi bahan pembuat gigi pengganti. Kerang darah dipersiapkan dengan membakar, menggiling hingga halus (menggunakan pulvalizer dan ball mill machine) dan mengayak hinggadidapatkan partikel sintetis HA dengan tingkat kekasaran hingga  62 m (nomor ayakan #125). Dalampenelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan struktur mikro material substitusi HACK+TRA. Struktur mikro inikemudian dibandingkan dengan struktur mikro gigi. Hasil pemeriksaan struktur mikro menggunakanSEM-EDX, terlihat bahwa komposisi material substitusi terbaik terdapat pada spesimen 1A dan 2A,dimana partikel HACK mengganti volume TRA sebesar 1,375 dan 1,500 gr dalam material substitusiHACK+TRA  Hal ini disebabkan kehadiran partikel-partikel HACK dengan kerapatan (density) yangtinggi dan halus. Kerapatan partikel-partikel atom HACK dalam campuran HACK+TRA menghalangilaju dislokasi atom-atom resin akrilik dalam material substitusi ini. Hal ini meningkatkan sifat-sifat mekanik material substitusi.
Analisis Beban Kerja dengan Menggunakan Metode Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) di PT. Indah Kiat Pulp and Paper. Tbk
Authors: Anggraini Denny Astrie , Daus Riko Ahmad
Published: March 2020

PT. Indah Kiat Pulp and Paper adalah suatu perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang manufaktur pembuatan pulp (bubur kertas) dan paper (kertas), merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang telah menerapkanperbaikan-perbaikan budaya kerja demi tercapainya kedisiplinan di dalam perusahaan, sehingga menimbulkan suasana yang aman dan nyaman dalam bekerja. Namun demikian masih banyaknyaditemukan aktivitas pekerjaan yang tidak mementingkan ergonomic dalam bekerja sehingga dapat menyebabkan penyakit akibat kerja, seperti pekerjaan penyusunan box ream kertas secara manual yangdisusun pada pallet. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan operator diperoleh informasi bahwa rasa pegal pada pinggang dan punggung terjadi sebagai akibat sikap kerja yang kurang baik dan berat beban angkat yang besar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah  metode Recommended Weight Limit (RWL), untuk menganalisis terhadap kekuatan manusia dalam mengangkat atau memindahkan beban, dan merekomendasikan batas beban yang dapat diangkat oleh manusia tanpa menimbulkan cedera meskipun pekerjaan tersebut dilakukan secara berulang-ulang dan dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk berat beban yang direkomendasikan adalah 0,95 kg dan jarak antara conveyor dan pallet yaitu 25 cm serta untuk ketinggian pallet ditambah hingga 20 cm. Usulan ini dapat mengurangi resiko cedera punggung pada pekerja.
Rancangan Pelayanan Logistik pada PT. XXX dengan Menggunakan Metoda Morphological Chart
Authors: Erika Erika
Published: March 2020

Bisnis logistik adalah bisnis yang potensinya sangat besar untuk terus berkembang di Indonesia. Saat ini pemain asing semakin agresif masuk. potensi pasar logistik di Indonesia mencapai 10 persen dari produkdomestik bruto (PDB) nasional per tahunnya. Kondisi itu mengundang minat perusahaan asing untuk masuk ke bisnis logistik di Indonesia. PT. XXX merupakan salah satu perusahaan nasional yang bergerakdi bisnis logistik. Pelayanan logistik yang diterapkan oleh PT. XXX selama ini sebagian besar masih secara manual, sehingga kurang dapat menyelesaikan masalah, terutama mengenai ketidak tepatan waktubarang diterima oleh konsumen dan juga adanya kesulitan dalam melacak posisi barang. Pada penelitian ini metode perancangan logistik yang dipakai adalah menggunakan metoda morphological chart. Darimetode ini didapatkan beberapa alternatif rancangan. Dari beberapa alternatif tersebut dipilih satu rancangan yang memiliki bobot paling tinggi, yaitu alternatif untuk menerapkan sistem pelayanan logistikterpadu berbasis komputer/website. Dengan sistem operasi yang hampir semuanya menggunakan sistem informasi yang terintegrasi, maka proses pelacakan barang dapat dilakukan secara langsung melaluisistem komputer yang terintegrasi, dan ini memungkinkan untuk mengetahui posisi barang secara realtime dan dapat diakses secara langsung oleh konsumen melalui website.
Rancang Bangun dan Pengujian Tungku Peleburan Aluminium Berbahan Bakar Minyak Bekas
Authors: Istana Budi , Lukman Japri
Published: March 2020

Peleburan logam merupakan suatu proses produksi dengan cara mencairkan logam hingga mencapai titik lebur kemudian dituang ke dalam rongga cetakan  hingga menghasilkan bentuk geometri semirip  produk akhirnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang, membuat dan menguji tungku peleburan aluminium berbahan bakar minyak bekas (Minyak Jelantah). Tungku peleburan logam yang dihasilkan berkapasitas peleburan 10 Kg Aluminium. Dimensi luar tungku berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 36 cm, tinggi 40 cm dan dimensi dalam diameter 30 cm dan tinggi 35 cm. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk melebur 1 Kg Aluminium adalah 25 menit pada temperature mencapai 701 oC dengan konsumsi bahan bakar sebanyak 1,48 Liter. Tungku ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sarana pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan teknik pengecoran logam non ferro khususnya aluminium.
Prakiraan Kebutuhan Energi Listrik Kabupaten Muara Bungo dalam Rentang 10 Tahun yang Akan Datang dengan Metoda Regresi Linier
Authors: Rahmawati Devit , Syafi’i Syafi’i
Published: March 2020

Kebutuhan energi listrik semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan suatu daerah. Untuk itu dilakukanlah penelitian Prakiraan Kebutuhan Energi Listrik Kabupaten Muara Bungo dalam rentang 10 tahun yang akan  datang dengan  menggunakan Metoda Regresi Linier. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk bisa memprediksi berapa jumlah energi yang harus dipersiapkan sehingga mampu melayani kebutuhan energi pada masa yang akan datang yaitu tahun 2017-2026. Perakiraan energi tersebut digunakanlah data-data historis konsumsi energi masa lampau  menggunakan Metode Regresi Linier dengan Microsoft Excel. Dari hasil penelitian didapat kebutuhan energi listrik pada tahun 2017 sebesar 144.886.604,812 kWh, kemudian pada tahun 2026 didapat kebutuhan energi listrik sebesar 303.366.281,453 kWh.
Design Tunable Robust Controllers for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Abdul-Samed Baqir , Aldair Ammar
Published: March 2020

PID controller is the most popular controller in many applications because of many advantages such as its high efficiency, low cost, and simple structure. But the main challenge is how the user can find the optimal values for its parameters. There are many intelligent methods are proposed to find the optimal values for the PID parameters, like neural networks, genetic algorithm, Ant colony and so on. In this work, the PID controllers are used in three different layers for generating suitable control signals for controlling the position of the UAV (x,y and z), the orientation of UAV (θ, Ø and ψ) and for the motors of the quadrotor to make it more stable and efficient for doing its mission. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed in this work. The PSO algorithm is applied to tune the parameters of proposed PID controllers for the three layers to optimize the performances of the controlled system with and without existences of disturbance to show how the designed controller will be robust. The proposed controllers are used to control UAV, and the MATLAB 2018b is used to simulate the controlled system. The simulation results show that, the proposed controllers structure for the quadrotor improve the performance of the UAV and enhance its stability.
Liquid Mixing Enhancement by PLC-Based Chaotic Dynamics Implementation
Authors: Abdulkareem Hamzah , Rahma Fadhil , Radhi Jawad
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we present a new programmable chaotic circuit based on the dynamical chaotic system introduced by E. Lorenz. The design and realization of the model are accomplished by using a programmable logic controller (PLC). The system can be modeled and realized with a structured texted. The nonlinear differential equations of Lorenz model are solved numerically. The generated chaotic signal by using PLC is applied to a single phase induction motor via a variable frequency drive to create a chaotic perturbation in the experiments of liquid mixing. Colorization liquid experiments shows that the generated chaotic motion effectively makes an enhancement of the mixing process in the stirred-tank mixer model in our laboratory.
Association between Serum Free Thyroxine and Anemia in Euthyroid Adults: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Kim Mijin , Kim Bo Hyun , Lee Hyungi , Jang Min Hee , Kim Jeong Mi , Kim Eun Heui , Jeon Yun Kyung , Kim Sang Soo , Kim In Joo
Published: March 2020

Background: Studies on the relationship between thyroid function and anemia in the euthyroid range are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the association between anemia and serum free thyroxine (fT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) in euthyroid adults. Methods: Data on 5,352 participants aged ≥19 years were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013 to 2015). Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <13 and <12 g/dL for men and women, respectively. Results: Overall, 6.1% of participants had anemia, and more women (9.9%) had anemia than men (2.8%, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, serum fT4 levels, but not TSH, were positively associated with serum Hb levels in both sexes (P<0.001, each). Serum Hb levels linearly reduced across decreasing serum fT4 quartile groups in both sexes (P<0.001, each). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, participants with low-normal fT4 had 4.4 (P=0.003) and 2.8 times (P<0.001) higher risk for anemia than those with high-normal fT4 among men and women, respectively. When participants were divided into two groups at 50 years of age, in younger participants, men and women with the first quartile were at higher risk of anemia than men with the second quartile (odds ratio [OR], 3.3; P=0.029) and women with the forth quartile (OR, 3.2; P<0.001), respectively. This association was not observed in older participants. Conclusion: These results suggest that a low-normal level of serum fT4 was associated with a lower serum Hb level and a higher risk of anemia in euthyroid adults, especially in younger participants.
Associations of Perirenal Fat Thickness with Renal and Systemic Calcified Atherosclerosis
Authors: Koo Bo Kyung , Denenberg Julie O. , Wright C. Michael , Criqui Michael H. , Allison Matthew A.
Published: March 2020

Background: We investigated associations between perirenal fat thickness and atherosclerotic calcification in six different vascular beds. Methods: Using a community-based cohort (n=3,919), perirenal fat thickness was estimated from computed tomography scans. It was classified as Q1 (the lowest quartile) to Q4 (the highest quartile) in each sex. Calcification in the carotid arteries, coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, iliac arteries, and renal arteries was evaluated. Results: Perirenal fat thickness was associated with older age (P<0.01) and a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (P<0.01 for all). Perirenal fat thickness was independently associated with renal arterial calcification even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking history, and family history of heart diseases in first-degree relatives (odds ratio [OR] per quartile of perirenal fat thickness, 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.44). Compared to Q1, the odds of renal arterial calcification in Q4 was about two times higher (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.29 to 3.25). After adjustment for renal arterial calcification and atherosclerotic risk factors, the only other vascular bed where perirenal fat thickness showed a significant association with calcification was the abdominal aorta (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.23; P=0.045). Conclusion: Perirenal fat thickness was independently associated with vascular calcification in the renal artery and abdominal aorta.
Protein Expression of Cyclin B1, Transferrin Receptor, and Fibronectin Is Correlated with the Prognosis of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
Authors: Moon Sun Joon , Kim Jung Hee , Kong Sung Hye , Shin Chan Soo
Published: March 2020

Background: Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with a variable prognosis. Several prognostic factors of ACC have been previously reported, but a proteomic analysis has not yet been performed. This study aimed to investigate prognostic biomarkers for ACC using a proteomic approach. Methods: We used reverse-phase protein array data from The Cancer Proteome Atlas, and identified differentially expressed proteins in metastatic ACCs. Multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted by age and staging was used for survival analysis, and the C-index and category-free net reclassification improvement (cfNRI) were utilized to evaluate additive prognostic value. Results: In 46 patients with ACC, cyclin B1, transferrin receptor (TfR1), and fibronectin were significantly overexpressed in patients with distant metastasis. In multivariate models, high expression of cyclin B1 and TfR1 was significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 6.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 36.7; and HR, 6.59; 95% CI, 1.14 to 38.2; respectively), whereas high fibronectin expression was not (HR, 3.92; 95% CI, 0.75 to 20.4). Combinations of high cyclin B1/high TfR1, high cyclin B1/high fibronectin, and high TfR1/high fibronectin were strongly associated with mortality ([HR, 13.72; 95% CI, 1.89 to 99.66], [HR, 9.22; 95% CI, 1.34 to 63.55], and [HR, 18.59; 95% CI, 2.54 to 135.88], respectively). In reclassification analyses, cyclin B1, TfR1, fibronectin, and combinations thereof improved the prognostic performance (C-index, 0.78 to 0.82–0.86; cfNRI, all P values <0.05). Conclusion: In ACC patients, the overexpression of cyclin B1, TfR1, and fibronectin and combinations thereof were associated with poor prognosis.
Modification of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma by Considering Extra-Thyroidal Extension and Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Kim Mijin , Kim Won Gu , Jeon Min Ji , Kim Hee Kyung , Yi Hyon-Seung , Kim Eun Sook , Kim Bo Hyun , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Kang Ho-Cheol , Kim Tae Yong
Published: March 2020

Background: Concerns have arisen about the classification of extra-thyroidal extension (ETE) and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (N1b) in the 8th edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging system (TNM-8). This study evaluated the prognostic validity of a modified-TNM staging system, focusing on ETE and N1b, in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 4,878 DTC patients from five tertiary hospitals. In the modified-TNM, T3b in TNM-8 was down-staged to T2, and stage II was subdivided into stages IIA and IIB. Older patients with N1b were reclassified as stage IIB. Results: The modified-TNM resulted in staging migration in 540 patients (11%) classified as stage II according to the TNM-8, with 75 (14%), 381 (71%), and 84 patients (16%) classified as stages I, IIA, and IIB, respectively. The 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates in patients classified as stages I, II, III, and IV by TNM-8 were 99.8%, 95.9%, 81.0%, and 41.6%, respectively. The DSS rates of patients classified as stages I, IIA, IIB, III, and IV according to the modified-TNM were 99.8%, 96.4%, 93.3%, 81.0%, and 41.6%, respectively. DSS curves between stages on TNM-8 (P<0.001) and modified-TNM (P<0.001) differed significantly, but the modified-TNM discriminated better than TNM-8. The proportions of variation explained values of TNM-8 and modified-TNM were 6.3% and 6.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Modification of the TNM staging system focusing on ETE and N1b could improve the prediction of DSS in patients with DTC. Further researches are needed to validate the prognostic accuracy of this modified-TNM staging system.
Epidemiology and Prognosis of Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma in Korea: A Nationwide Study Based on the National Health Insurance Service
Authors: Kim Jung Hee , Moon Hyemi , Noh Junghyun , Lee Juneyoung , Kim Sin Gon
Published: March 2020

Background: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare endocrine tumors originating from chromaffin cells. PPGLs are associated with a high mortality rate and several complications. To date, no epidemiological studies have been conducted on PPGLs in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and prognosis of PPGLs in Korea using nationwide data. Methods: Using the National Health Insurance Service Database, subjects with a principal diagnosis of PPGLs on two or more occasions between 2003 and 2014 who satisfied the operational definition of PPGLs were included. Incidence, prevalence, complications, metastasis, and mortality were investigated. Results: In total, 1048 subjects with a mean age of 47.6±16.1 years were included. There was no sex preponderance. The overall prevalence of PPGLs was 2.13 per 100,000 persons, and the overall age-standardized incidence rate was 0.18 per 100,000 person-years. Malignant PPGLs accounted for 17.7% (185 of 1,048) of cases, and 94 subjects exhibited metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Among initially non-metastatic PPGLs, 9.5% (nine of 954) eventually metastasized after a mean duration of 78.1±41.4 months. The 5-year survival rates for non-metastatic and metastatic PPGLs at diagnosis were 97% and 84%, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for covariates showed that metastatic PPGLs were associated with a 2.40-fold higher risk of mortality than non-metastatic PPGLs (95% confidence interval, 1.38 to 4.17; P=0.002). Conclusion: PPGLs are rare in Korea, and the prognosis of these endocrine tumors varies depending on whether they are benign or malignant. This epidemiological study paves the way for further research on PPGLs.
Is Follow-up of Adrenal Incidentalomas Always Mandatory?
Authors: Reimondo Giuseppe , Muller Alessandra , Ingargiola Elisa , Puglisi Soraya , Terzolo Massimo
Published: March 2020

Adrenal masses are mainly detected unexpectedly by an imaging study performed for reasons unrelated to any suspect of adrenal diseases. Such masses are commonly defined as “adrenal incidentalomas” and represent a public health challenge because they are increasingly recognized in current medical practice. Management of adrenal incidentalomas is currently matter of debate. Although there is consensus on the need of a multidisciplinary expert team evaluation and surgical approach in patients with significant hormonal excess and/or radiological findings suspicious of malignancy demonstrated at the diagnosis or during follow-up, the inconsistency between official guidelines and the consequent diffuse uncertainty on management of small adrenal incidentalomas still represents a considerable problem in terms of clinical choices in real practice. The aim of the present work is to review the proposed strategies on how to manage patients with adrenal incidentalomas that are not candidates to immediate surgery. The recent European Society of Endocrinology/European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors guidelines have supported the view to avoid surveillance in patients with clear benign adrenal lesions <4 cm and/or without any hormonal secretion; however, newer prospective studies are needed to confirm safety of this strategy, in particular in younger patients.
Potential Biomarkers to Improve the Prediction of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Kim Beom-Jun , Lee Seung Hun , Koh Jung-Min
Published: March 2020

Osteoporotic fracture (OF) is associated with high disability and morbidity rates. The burden of OF may be reduced by early identification of subjects who are vulnerable to fracture. Although the current fracture risk assessment model includes clinical risk factors (CRFs) and bone mineral density (BMD), its overall ability to identify individuals at high risk for fracture remains suboptimal. Efforts have therefore been made to identify potential biomarkers that can predict the risk of OF, independent of or combined with CRFs and BMD. This review highlights the emerging biomarkers of bone metabolism, including sphongosine-1-phosphate, leucine-rich repeat-containing 17, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, sclerostin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and periostin, and the importance of biomarker risk score, generated by combining these markers, in enhancing the accuracy of fracture prediction.
Rare PTH Gene Mutations Causing Parathyroid Disorders: A Review
Authors: Lee Joon-Hyop , Davaatseren Munkhtugs , Lee Sihoon
Published: March 2020

Since parathyroid hormone (PTH) was first isolated and its gene (PTH) was sequenced, only eight PTH mutations have been discovered. The C18R mutation in PTH, discovered in 1990, was the first to be reported. This autosomal dominant mutation induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent apoptosis in parathyroid cells. The next mutation, which was reported in 1992, is associated with exon skipping. The substitution of G with C in the first nucleotide of the second intron results in the exclusion of the second exon; since this exon includes the initiation codon, translation initiation is prevented. An S23P mutation and an S23X mutation at the same residue were reported in 1999 and 2012, respectively. Both mutations resulted in hypoparathyroidism. In 2008, a somatic R83X mutation was detected in a parathyroid adenoma tissue sample collected from a patient with hyperparathyroidism. In 2013, a heterozygous p.Met1_Asp6del mutation was incidentally discovered in a case-control study. Two years later, the R56C mutation was reported; this is the only reported hypoparathyroidism-causing mutation in the mature bioactive part of PTH. In 2017, another heterozygous mutation, M14K, was detected. The discovery of these eight mutations in the PTH gene has provided insights into its function and broadened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mutation progression. Further attempts to detect other such mutations will help elucidate the functions of PTH in a more sophisticated manner.
Update on Thyroid Hormone Levels and Thyroid Dysfunction in the Korean Population Based on Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013 to 2015)
Authors: Chung Jae Hoon
Published: March 2020

In 2017, the first Korean nationwide data on serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, serum free thyroxine (fT4) levels, and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were published based on a population of 7,061 Koreans who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI. The mean TSH level was 2.16 mIU/L, with a reference interval of 0.59 to 7.03 mIU/L (men 2.09 mIU/L, women 2.24 mIU/L, P<0.001). A U-shaped association was found between serum TSH levels and age. The mean fT4 level was 1.25 ng/dL, and its reference interval was 0.92 to 1.60 ng/dL (men 1.29 ng/dL, women 1.20 ng/dL, P<0.0001). Serum fT4 levels decreased with age (P for trend <0.0001). Serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was detected in 7.30% of participants (men 4.33%, women 10.62%). TPOAb titers tended to increase with age, and were higher in women than in men. The median UIC was 294 µg/L, and UIC showed a U-shaped relationship with age. According to the World Health Organization recommendations, only 23% of participants were in the adequate range of iodine intake, while 65% were in the above requirements or excessive, and 12% in insufficient. The prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in Koreans was 0.34% to 0.54% and 0.73% to 1.43%, respectively.
Prevalence and Current Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Adults Based on Fact Sheets
Authors: Rhee Eun-Jung
Published: March 2020

Korea is currently an aged society and is on the cusp of becoming a superaged society in a few years. The health burden of cardiovascular diseases increases with age, and the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, may be linked to increased population-level cardiovascular risk. In 2018, the prevalence of obesity in Korea was 35.7% (men, 45.4%; women, 26.5%) according to the Obesity Fact Sheet 2019, based on National Health Insurance Corporation medical checkup data. In 2016, the prevalence of diabetes was 14.4% in Koreans older than 30 years according to the Diabetes Fact Sheet published by the Korean Diabetes Association, based on data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The prevalence of hypertension in the total population of Korea in 2018 was 28.3% according to the Korean Hypertension Fact Sheet produced by the Korean Society of Hypertension. Lastly, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in 2018 was 40.5% according to the Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet published by the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis. In this article, I would like to review the prevalence and current management of cardiovascular risk factors in Korea according to the fact sheets released by various associations.