bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Motion Heatmap Generation for Bridge Navigation Watch Monitoring System
Authors: Gokcek Veysel , Kocak Gazi , Genc Yakup
Published: April 2022

Most ship collisions and grounding accidents are due to errors made by watchkeeping personnel (WP) on the bridge. International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopts the resolution on the Bridge Navigation Watch Alarm System (BNWAS) detecting operator disability to avert these accidents. The defined system in the resolution is very basic and vulnerable to abuse. There is a need for a more advanced system of monitoring the behaviour of WP to mitigate watchkeeping errors. In this research, a Bridge Navigation Watch Monitoring System (BNWMS) is suggested to achieve this task. Architecture is proposed to train a model for BNWMS. The literature reveals that vision-based sensors can produce relevant input data required for model training. 2D body poses belonging to the same person are estimated from multiple camera views by using a deep learning-based pose estimation algorithm. Estimated 2D poses are projected into 3D space with a maximum 8 mm error by utilising multiple view computer vision techniques. Finally, the obtained 3D poses are plotted on a bird’s-eye view bridge plan to calculate a heatmap of body motions capturing temporal, as well as spatial, information. The results show that motion heatmaps present significant information about the behaviour of WP within a defined time interval. This automated motion heatmap generation is a novel approach that provides input data for the suggested BNWMS.
On the Use of Selected 4th Generation Nuclear Reactors in Marine Power Plants
Authors: Drosińska-Komor Marta , Głuch Jerzy , Breńkacz Łukasz , Ziółkowski Paweł
Published: April 2022

This article provides a review of the possibility of using different types of reactors to power ships. The analyses were carried out for three different large vessels: a container ship, a liquid gas carrier and a bulk carrier. A novelty of this work is the analysis of the proposal to adapt marine power plants to ecological requirements in shipping by replacing the conventional propulsion system based on internal combustion engines with nuclear propulsion. The subjects of comparison are primarily the dimensions of the most important devices of the nuclear power plant and the preliminary fitness analysis. It was assumed for this purpose that the nuclear power plant fits in the engine room compartment and uses the space left after the removal of the combustion engines. At the same time, this propulsion provides at all times sufficient energy for port, technological and shipping operations at an economically justifiable speed. For deep-sea vessels, which are supposed to reach null emissions of CO, CO2, NOx, SOx and H2O, this is one of the most reasonable solutions. Finally the paper proves that all the above-mentioned marine functions could be effectively applied in power plants equipped with 4th generation nuclear reactors.
Strategi Coping Mahasiswa yang Sedang Menyusun Skripsi di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Sawitri Annisa Rachma , Widiasavitri Putu Nugrahaeni
Published: April 2022

Skripsi merupakan karya tulis ilmiah yang dalam proses penyusunannya memiliki berbagai tantangan. Munculnya pandemi COVID-19 menambah permasalahan dan hambatan yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa. Pemberlakuan kebijakan pembatasan kegiatan membuat segala kegiatan dalam proses skripsi dilakukan secara online. Banyaknya permasalahan yang dihadapi mahasiswa saat menyusun skripsi dapat menimbulkan stres. Pentingnya strategi coping yang tepat dalam menghadapi permasalahan saat proses skripsi agar mahasiswa dapat melakukan penyesuaian dengan kondisi stres dan terhindar dari stres yang berkepanjangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi coping apa saja yang digunakan mahasiswa yang sedang menyusun skripsi di tengah pandemi COVID-19 dan faktor-faktor apa yang memengaruhi pemilihan strategi coping dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif pendekatan fenomenologi. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah 5 orang mahasiswa yang sedang menyusun skripsi di tengah pandemi COVID-19 dan mengalami kendala atau hambatan pada skripsi dikarenakan pandemi COVID-19. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode strategi coping yang dilakukan terdiri dari pengalihan, penyelesaian masalah, dan mencari dukungan sosial. Pemilihan metode strategi coping yang dilakukan dipengaruhi oleh konsep diri, keinginan diri sendiri, lingkungan pertemanan, keluarga, dan waktu. Efek yang ditimbulkan setelah melakukan strategi coping adalah merasakan ketenangan dan mampu kembali fokus dalam mengerjakan skripsi.
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de leptospirose canina em bairros residenciais do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Carvalho Elisabeth Valente Carvalho Valente , Moreira Allan Dos Santos , Vellasco Lucas , De Melo Jaqueline Travassos
Published: April 2022

Introdução: A leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa, aguda, causada pela Leptospira interrogans. É considerada uma zoonose e possui uma ampla distribuição mundial. Devido ao clima tropical apresentado no estado do Rio de Janeiro, há uma colaboração para a incidência de chuvas fortes seguidas de alagamentos, facilitando a disseminação da bactéria. A transmissão ocorre pelo contato com urina de ratos, guaxinins e gambás contaminados. A leptospirose canina é um problema sanitário de grande importância, por ser a principal fonte de transmissão da bactéria para o homem. Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de leptospirose canina, no município do Rio de Janeiro, entre 2018 e 2021. Materiais e métodos: os dados utilizados no estudo foram obtidos juntamente ao setor de vigilância epidemiológica da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Gerência de Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores e Zoonoses). Resultados: a análise mostrou o diagnóstico de leptospirose canina em vários bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro. Destacam-se o centro do Rio e a zona portuária com a maior incidência de casos, sendo os anos de 2019 e 2021 os anos com maiores taxas de diagnóstico. Há que se enfatizar sobre a importância de refletir sobre ações para combater a doença no município do Rio de Janeiro. Conclusão: nesse contexto, torna-se imprescindível a implementação de estratégias, visando conter a disseminação da bactéria Leptospira interrogans no meio ambiente, reduzindo o número de infecções por ela causadas tanto em humanos quanto em animais.
«ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНЗИТ» ПУБЛИЧНО-ВЛАСТНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ: ОБЩИЕ И ЭЛИТАРНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Authors: Кочетков Александр Павлович , Мамычев Алексей Юрьевич , Мордовцев Андрей Юрьевич
Published: April 2022

В предлагаемой научной статье рассматриваются и содержательно анализируются процессы цифровой трансформации публично-властных отношений. При этом данные процессы анализируются в качестве многоуровневой модели, включающей: инструментальное и институционально-нормативное, уровень цифровых кодов и алгоритмических решений, выступающих основополагающим каркасом, на котором осуществляется машинное обучение, реализуется внедрение цифровых технологий в общественно-политическую жизнедеятельность. В рамках последних выделяются и исследуются основные траектории развития политического процесса и публично-властных отношений, а также ключевые модели и акторы. Кроме того, в работе анализируется ключевой тренд трансформации общественно-политической организации и властных отношений – формирование цифровых властных элит. Авторы доказывают, что с наступлением цифровой эпохи появился запрос на смену правящей элиты, которая бы соответствовала требованиям нового времен, стала бы драйвером цифровых преобразований. Ключевые слова: государство, власть, виртуальная коммуникация, модели ориентированного машинного обучения, политический процесс, политическая система, ценностно-нормативная система, цифровая элита, цифровизация, роботизация.
ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ШЕЛЬФОВЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ ТОПЛИВНО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО СЕКТОРА НА ГИДРОБИОЦЕНОЗЫ В СТРАНАХ АЗИАТСКО-ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО РЕГИОНА
Authors: Никифоров Андрей Игоревич , Хачатрян Рипсиме Сергеевна
Published: April 2022

В статье обсуждаются проблемы комплексного воздействия топливно-энергетического комплекса в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе на структуру и функционирование гидробиоценозов. Рассмотрены типы влияния на компоненты водной биоты как отдельных структур нефтегазовой отрасли энергетики, так и различных объектов энергетического сектора, относящихся к кластеру возобновляемой энергетики (в частности, к инфраструктуре ветровых и приливных электростанций). В рамках рассматриваемой проблемы обсуждаются механизмы реализации Международной Конвенции по предотвращению загрязнения моря сбросами отходов и других материалов; в частности, приведены примеры трансформации объектов нефтегазодобывающей инфраструктуры путём создания из них искусственных рифов в соответствии с Протоколом, регулирующим вопросы вывода морских нефтяных платформ из эксплуатации. Отдельно затронут аспект восстановления численности популяций промысловых рыб и других ценных гидробионтов. Также в работе описаны негативные и позитивные эффекты, проявляющиеся в отношении компонентов биоразнообразия водных экосистем при функционировании различных энергетических объектов, расположенных на шельфе. Ключевые слова: топливно-энергетический сектор, нефтяная платформа, шельфовая ветроэнергетика, приливная энергетика, биоразнообразие, искусственные рифы, прикрепленные организмы, инвазивные виды, устойчивое развитие.
Developing the customs control and customs value of goods declaration systems
Authors: SIDOROVA Elena Yu. , ARTEM'EV Aleksei A.
Published: April 2022

Subject. This article discusses the problems of legal regulation of issues related to customs control in the territory of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Objectives. The article aims to develop proposals for improving the systems of customs control and declaration of customs value of goods.
Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis, analogy, graphic and compilation techniques, and induction and deduction.
Results. The article defines and presents a list of cases when it is necessary to fill out a declaration of customs value and carry out customs control of customs value.
Relevance. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of companies implementing foreign economic activity, and consulting firms as well.
KAJIAN ETNISITAS DAN KETENAGAKERJAAN TERKAIT PERATURAN PRESIDEN NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2018 TERHADAP MASUKNYA TENAGA KERJA CHINA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Giyono Urip , Puspitasari Ratna
Published: April 2022

Salah satu isu etnisitas dan ketenagakerjaan yang menjadi perdebatan adalah ketenagakerjaan dengan melibatkan orang asing yaitu etnis China. Pemerintah mempertimbangkan ini untuk mendukung perekonomian nasional dan perluasan kesempatan kerja melalui peningkatan investasi, sehingga dipandang perlu pengaturan kembali perijinan penggunaan tenaga kerja asing. Atas dasar pertimbangan tersebut, pada 26 Maret 2018, Presiden Joko Widodo telah menandatangani Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing. Pada Perpres ini disebutkan, penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (TKA) dilakukan oleh Pemberi Kerja TKA dalam hubungan kerja untuk jabatan tertentu dan waktu tertentu, yang dilakukan dengan memperhatikan kondisi pasar tenaga kerja dalam negeri. Setiap Pemberi Kerja TKA, menurut Perpres ini, wajib mengutamakan penggunaan tenaga kerja Indonesia pada semua jenis jabatan yang tersedia. Dalam hal jabatan sebagaimana dimaksud belum dapat diduduki oleh tenaga kerja Indonesia, jabatan tersebut dapat diduduki oleh TKA. Pemberi Kerja TKA pada sektor tertentu dapat mempekerjakan TKA yang sedang dipekerjakan oleh Pemberi Kerja TKA yang lain dalam jabatan yang sama, paling lama sampai dengan berakhirnya masa kerja TKA sebagaimana kontrak kerja TKA dengan Pemberi Kerja TKA pertama. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori konflik Coser yang membedakan konflik menjadi 2 (dua), yakni konflik yang realistis dan yang tidak realistis. Konflik realistis adalah konflik yang berasal dari adanya kekecewaan individu atau kelompok masyarakat terhadap sistem dan tuntutan-tuntutan yang ada pada hubungan sosial dan konflik non-realistis adalah konflik yang bukan berasal dari tujuan persaingan yang berlawanan, tapi merupakan kebutuhan pihak tertentu untuk meredakan ketegangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus dengan menganut model normatif-empiris sehingga pengelolaan dan analisis data pada dasarnya tergantung pada jenis datanya.”
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Primary Amenorrhoea of Rare Variety
Authors:   Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Jahan Shirin
Published: April 2022

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is an X linked disorder of male sexual differentiation caused by mutation affecting the androgen receptor gene Xq 11-12 resulting in decreased peripheral responsiveness to circulating androgens, with variable phenotypic expression.
Fetal Deaths due to Covid-19
Authors:   Science Serving Society, Evans Leonard
Published: April 2022

The more than 800,000 total deaths [1] from Covid-19 do not include another category of victim. Namely, unborn babies. The data used here covers the slightly more than 2-year period from 2020-01-01 to 2022-01-08. To calculate the number of fetuses killed I assume that if a female of childbearing age dies, her fetus also dies. While an approximation, I consider it adequate for the present calculations.
Advanced Maternal Age with Severely Diminished Ovarian Reserve with Multiple Successful Live Births after Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment: A Case Report
Authors:   Shen Clinic 1328 W Artesia Blvd, Shen Xiaoxiong
Published: April 2022

The fecundity of women decreases significantly beginning approximately at age 35 and decreases more rapidly after age 40. Age affects not only the size of the oocyte pool but also the quality of germ cells. Despite the continuous progress of assisted reproductive technology, infertility is still a problem for advanced maternal age.
Psychological features of self-attitude of teenagers engaged in sports
Authors: Iakimanskaia Irina
Published: April 2022

The article presents views on the concept of self-relation in the theories of domestic and foreign scientists. Having studied the structure of self-attitude, its components from the standpoint of various theoretical approaches, we, within the framework of our research, have defined the attitude to oneself as the most important form of personal relationships, each manifestation of a person as a subject of society is accompanied by the inclusion of his self-attitude. When considering the regularities of the formation of self-attitude in adolescence, we emphasize that it is he who is the sensitive period for the development of self-attitude in the integral structure of personality. The self-attitude of a teenager is constantly changing in the process of living this age period. Its complication, acquisition of greater stability and integration into a single system is natural. We were interested in the specifics of sports activity in the context of the development of self-attitude, the article discusses the features of the development of important personality traits associated with self-esteem and self-acceptance. In the study, we found that the self-attitude of adolescents involved in sports differs from the self-attitude of adolescents not involved in sports. The main differences are related to the higher self-attachment of adolescent athletes and their self-worth in contrast to adolescent non-athletes. Also, teenage athletes have a higher self-esteem of their health, intelligence, ability, peer authority and self-confidence than teenagers who do not play sports. Also, teenagers engaged in sports are characterized by high purposefulness, focus on the life process, the idea of themselves as the master of life and high meaningfulness of life in general. The results obtained during the study confirm the hypothesis that the level of general self-attitude and its individual indicators in adolescents engaged in sports differs from the level of general self-attitude and its individual indicators in adolescents not engaged in sports.
A novel dual balloon rectal catheter for use in the postoperative assessment of low rectal anastomoses following low anterior resection
Authors: Mercer Megan , Kocher Madison , Shaheen Nick , Flemming Brian P , Waltz Jeffrey
Published: April 2022

Following low anterior resection (LAR) of the colon, an image-guided assessment of the anastomosis for leak is typically performed using an enema via a rectal catheter, whether by CT or fluoroscopy. However, there is potential for poor assessment due to inappropriate catheter positioning as well as potential risk that the anastomosis becomes compromised by the balloon inflation. This article discusses the adaptation of a novel double-balloon catheter (originally designed by a member of our institution for use in pediatric intussusception reduction) for assessment of low rectal anastomoses. The goal of this technical note is to demonstrate our experience with this catheter, primarily through example cases, and explain its potential for optimizing colon distension, minimizing improper catheter placement, and potentially reducing the risk of iatrogenic anastomosis disruption.
The closure of the macular holes without removal of ilm: a comparative analysis of functional and morphological parameters
Authors:   Federal state budgetary institution «National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Center of ophthalmology, Pavlovskiy O.А. , Karpov G.O. ,   Federal state budgetary institution «National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Center of ophthalmology, Kalinin M.E. ,   Federal state budgetary institution «National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Center of ophthalmology
Published: April 2022

Actual. Recently, additional microtraumatization of neuroretinal tissue has been proven during removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) due to its close connection with the inner layers of the retina and with Muller cells. These factors may influence functional results after surgery for closure of macular hole. Purpose of the study was to propose a new technique for surgery for macular hole, which is based on the preservation of ILM and to assess the dynamics of the functional parameters of the retina. Material and methods. The results OCT of 60 patients (60 eyes) with the diagnosis of macular hole were analyzed. Group 1 (30 eyes) – patients who underwent surgical treatment introvert flap. Group 2 (30 eyes) – patients who were operated on using the original method with partial exfoliation of ILM in the Central zone. All patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination before and after surgery, including visometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and OCT. Results. The preoperative functional parameters of the retina were comparable in both groups of patients. The study identified 3 types of macular hole closure. When studying morphological changes in macular rupture repair by the «pseudocyst» type in patients of both groups, it shows a more pronounced resistance of neuroretinal tissue in patients of group 1. In the 2nd group, a more pronounced dynamics of reducing the morphological parameters of the hyporeflective defect was revealed throughout the entire observation period. When the macular hole is completely closed, there is a higher rate of regression of neuroepithelial tissue edema in group 2 patients. Non-closure of the macular hole was observed only in group 1 patients, and in this type of repair, there was a deterioration in morphological parameters. Conclusion. Based on this study, we can conclude that during this technique, the ILM is preserved, which reduces the risk of intraoperative damage to the retinal layers. Keywords: macular hole, pilling, microperimetry.
Selection of autologous blood plasma for the treatment of macular hole
Authors:   S.M. Kirov Military medical academy, St. Petersburg. Russia, Popov E.M. , Kulikov A.N. ,   S.M. Kirov Military medical academy, St. Petersburg. Russia, Churashov S.V. ,   S.M. Kirov Military medical academy, St. Petersburg. Russia, Gavrilyuk I.O. ,   S.M. Kirov Military medical academy, St. Petersburg. Russia
Published: April 2022

Purpose of researchis to compare the cellular and biochemical composition of autoplasm obtained using different methods for use in the treatment of macular hole. Material and methods. The study of the number of platelets, leukocytes and fibrinogen in the blood plasma of 24 volunteers obtained by centrifugation in the original systems for harvesting autoplasm was performed. Results. The indicators of autoplasm obtained in the Arthrex ACP system and in the Ycellbio-Kit system do not statistically significantly differ in the amount of fibrinogen (p < 0.05), but differ in the content of platelets and leukocytes (p > 0.05) in the direction of increasing their concentration in the autoplasm obtained in the Ycellbio-Kit system. Conclusion. Currently, autoplasm obtained in the Arthrex ACP system is of greater interest for macular hole surgery due to the minimal content of leukocytes, the closeness of the system, and the best coagulation properties of the substrate obtained. Keywords: autoplasm; macular hole; P-PRP; L-PRP; ACP
Dynamic of functional outcomes after successful rpe-patch autotranslocation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors:   S. Fyodorov “Eye Microsurgery” Federal State Institution, St. Petersburg Branch, Sosnovskii S.V. , Boiko E.V. ,   S. Fyodorov “Eye Microsurgery” Federal State Institution, St. Petersburg Branch,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation,   Military medical academy of S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Oskanov D.H. ,   S. Fyodorov “Eye Microsurgery” Federal State Institution, St. Petersburg Branch
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Analysis of the functional rehabilitation timing in patients after autotranslocation of retinal pigment epithelium (PE) and choroid (CO), performed in case of complicated neovascular AMD. Material and methods. 10 patients with complicated neovascular AMD (large subretinal macular hemorrhage – 4 patients, subretinal macular fibrosis – 5 patients, PE macular atrophy – 1 patient) underwent PE and CO autotranslocation. The observation period was 12–30 months. The dynamics of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was analyzed. Results. BCVA in the observation group increased from 0.03 ± 0.02 before surgery to 0.15 ± 0.11 at the end of the observation (p<0.01). In 100 % of patients BCVA was increase gradually in 6–18 months after removal of the silicone oil. Conclusion. Functional rehabilitation after PE and CO autotranslocation for complicated neovascular AMD is slow. The final functional outcome of surgical treatment should be assessed no earlier than 6–12 months after the operation. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; choroidal neovascularization; antiVEGF drugs; subretinal surgery; RPE-choroid graft translocation.
Predictable intraoperative induction of posterior vitreous detachment
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Kaluga Branch, Kaluga, Tereshchenko A.V. , Shilov N.M. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Kaluga Branch, Kaluga, Yudina N.N. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Kaluga Branch, Kaluga, Erokhina E.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Kaluga Branch, Kaluga, Novikov S.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Kaluga Branch, Kaluga
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To develop a technique for predictive intraoperative induction of posterior vitreous detachment as the first stage of surgical treatment of various vitreoretinal pathologies based on data of preoperative spectral optical coherence tomography (SOCT) and to evaluate its clinical effectiveness. Material and methods. 30 patients were performed surgery, 15 of them (15 eyes) with epiretinal fibrosis and 15 (15 eyes) with macular hole. Preoperatively, SOCT was used to determine the place of the retina in the parapapillary area, which is the most optimal for induction of posterior vitreous detachment during the operation. For this, a vitreoretinal interface was used on a Solix device (Optovue, USA) with a Full Range Retina protocol with a scan length of 16 mm, according to which the degree of vitreomacular and vitreopapillary adhesion was assessed. In the optimal zone of the posterior hyaloid membrane, microperforations were applied with a parapapillary vitreotom. At maximum vacuum (650 mm Hg), the vitreous body fibers were aspirated into the hole of the vitreotom until a characteristic “wave” or “meniscus” (“crescentic fold”) appeared along the edge of the optic disc. At the final stage, in the “vacuum mode”, movements from the optic nerve head to the periphery by the aspiration method raised the cortical layers of the vitreous body and torn off the posterior hyaloid membrane from the edge of the optic nerve head, separating the vitreous body from the center to the periphery of the retina. Results. In all 30 cases, it was possible to initiate intraoperatively posterior vitreous detachment without the use of dyes. There were no intraoperative complications. Conclusion. The proposed technique makes it possible to perform a predictable intraoperative induction of detachment of the posterior cortical layers of the vitreous from the retina, which is a necessary step for subsequent vitreoretinal surgery. Keywords: intraoperative induction of posterior vitreous detachment, posterior hyaloid membrane, posterior cortical layers.
The tactics of resuming treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration after interruption of antiangiogenic therapy
Authors:   Russian military medical academy, Ophthalmology department, Kharakozov A.S. , Kulikov A.N. ,   Russian military medical academy, Ophthalmology department, Maltsev D.S. ,   Russian military medical academy, Ophthalmology department
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To determine the preferred strategy for resuming treatment in patients with neovascular agerelated macular degeneration after interruption of anti-angiogenic therapy due to COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. Seventy patients (80 eyes, 52 men and 18 women, mean age 73.1 ± 9.6 years) with nAMD of the first and second year of treatment, who interrupted the course of antiangiogenic intravitreal therapy due to restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic were included, as well as the group of the first year of treatment, without violation of the treatment regimen. When therapy was resumed, patients of the second year received treatment in the “fixed dosing” regimen (1 time in 2 months), or in an “pro re nata” regimen. Patients of the first year continued treatment in a “fixed dosing” regimen. All patients before the initiation of the treatment, before and after treatment interruption, and also 6 months after the resumption of anti-angiogenic therapy, received a standard ophthalmic examination and optical coherence tomography. Results. Six months after resuming of antiangiogenic therapy, functional parameters in patients of the “fixed dosing” regimen and “pro re nata” did not differ significantly (p = 0.85), with a decrease in the number of injections by 30% in the subgroup of the “pro re nata” regimen (p = 0.0001). A long interruption in the first year of nAMD treatment does not allow for a significant increase in visual acuity even when using the most effective “fixed” regimen when therapy is resumed. Conclusion. For patients with nAMD of the second year of treatment “pro re nata” regimen allows performing fewer intravitreal injections comparable to the “fixed dosing” regimen with similar functional results. Treatment interruption during the first year of the treatment precludes achieving a significant improvement in visual acuity even with “fixed dosing” regimen. Keywords: neovascular age-related macular degeneration, anti-VEGF therapy, aflibercept, optical coherence tomography, treatment interruption, COVID-19.
Changes in the density of the vitreous body in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Authors:   Federal state budgetary institution «National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation., Babaeva D.B. , Shishkin M.M. ,   Federal state budgetary institution «National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.
Published: April 2022

In most cases, ophthalmologists, describing changes in diabetic retinopathy, mainly note changes in the surface of the retina, the vitreous body is given attention only if hemorrhage has occurred or it is cloudy. This is due to the fact that changes in the vitreous body in diabetes are traditionally considered secondary, developing against the background of increasing retinal ischemia, which is a source of VEGF and is the root cause of the structural restructuring of its collagen. Purpose. Тo evaluate changes in the density of the vitreous body in patients with diabetic vitreoretinopathy. Material and methods. this study involved 35 patients with proliferative diabetic vitreoretiopathy. Patients underwent ophthalmic biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography, kinetic B-scan in dynamic mode. Results. of our own observations indicate that the development of pathological changes in proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy is due not only to the action of systemic metabolic disorders and retinal ischemia, but also to the influence of the vitreous body undergoing changes, including due to an increase in its density. Conclusion. The initial manifestations of proliferative diabetic retinopathy can develop without obvious clinical manifestations of posterior vitreous detachment and can be detected only according to optical coherence tomography and kinetic B-scan over time. Keywords: diabetic vitreoretinopathy, vitreopapillary traction syndrome, vitreous body, B-scan.
Clinical case of a patient with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors:   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Arbenyeva N.S. , Chehova T.A. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Dulidova V.V. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Bratko V.I. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Trunov A.N. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk,   «Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine» of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Chernykh V.V. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk
Published: April 2022

The prevalence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is 0.05–0.6% in different countries, and in the territory of the Russian Federation it reaches 62.3 100 thousand children. The incidence of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is 10–30%. Uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis occurs in 80–93% of the type of chronic iridocyclitis. In 3–19.6% of cases, recurrent macular edema develops. In order to treat uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic immunosuppressive therapy, local and systemic administration of antiinflammatory drugs are used. Uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis is asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease, so screening ophthalmological examination of children 2–4 times a year is recommended. Purpose. Description of a clinical case of a patient with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Material and methods. A clinical observation of a patient with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was described. Patient Z., 10 years old, underwent a standard ophthalmological examination, ultrasound examination, optical coherence tomography. Results. The patient had a low-symptomatic course of chronic persistent anterior uveitis, the development of cystic macular edema of the left eye. Anti-inflammatory treatment was carried out in the conditions of the academician S.N. Fyodorov Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center “Intersectoral Research and Technology Complex “Eye microsurgery” Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation”, Novosibirsk Branch. The rheumatologist recommended intensification of systemic immunosuppressive therapy. The prescribed treatment made it possible to preserve visual functions, reduce the frequency and severity of the development of relapses of the disease. Conclusions.Uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a serious pathology, often accompanied by the development of complications, requires a multidisciplinary approach, regular monitoring and timely adequate treatment. Key words: uveitis, macular edema, juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
The possibilities of the Ahmed valve in a patient with silicone tamponade of the vitreous cavity (clinical case)
Authors:   Ufa Research Institute of Eye Diseases of the Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Zainullin R.M. , Khismatullin R.R. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Eye Diseases of the Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Kudoyarova K.I. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Eye Diseases of the Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Kalanov M.R. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Eye Diseases of the Academy of Sciences, Ufa
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To present a clinical case of the use of the Ahmed drainage device in secondary glaucoma against the background of tamponade of the vitreal cavity with silicone oil. Material and methods. Patient K., 63 years old, was admitted to the ophthalmological hospital of the Ufa Research Institute of Eye Diseases with a diagnosis of OS – Secondary glaucoma 2–3 C stages (on the maximum medication regimen). Operated retinal detachment. Avitria. Silicone tamponade of the vitreal cavity. Artifakia. An operation was performed – implantation of the Ahmed valve (model FP 7) in the upper-outer sector with simultaneous plastic surgery of the basal coloboma of the iris and aspiration of silicone oil from the anterior chamber. Results. 1 month after Ahmed valve implantation, the eye is calm. The moisture of the anterior chamber is transparent, there is no silicone in the anterior chamber, an outflow of fluid from the anterior chamber has been achieved. Visual acuity remains stable – 0.1 nc. IOP decreased from 46 mm Hg. Art. up to 13.0 mm Hg Art. Conclusion. In secondary refractory hypertension, implantation of the Ahmed valve in a patient after vitreoretinal surgery effectively reduced IOP from 46 mmHg to 46 mmHg. Art. up to 13.0 mm Hg Art. and remove silicone oil from the anterior chamber of the eye. Keywords: secondary glaucoma, silicone tamponade, Ahmed valve.
Clinical case of surgical treatment of double macular hole
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow, Magaryan T.O. , Mironov A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow, Sharko A.S. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow, Kutin I.M. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To present a clinical case of the progression of a lamellar macular hole into a macular hole and the effectiveness of surgical treatment using platelet-rich plasma. Material and methods. The patient was seen in the clinic with a double lamellar macular hole in the right eye. Routine examination revealed the progression of one lamellar hole into a macular hole, microinvasive 25G vitrectomy was performed using platelet-rich plasma. Results. When studying the clinical and morphofunctional results in the postoperative period, complete closure of macular holes and the correct anatomical restoration of the foveolar contour are noted. Conclusions. Surgical treatment of macular hole using platelet-rich plasma allows to obtain good anatomical and functional results. Keywords: lamellar hole, macular hole, Platelet Rich Plasma, vitreomacular interface.
Own experience of brolucizumab
Authors:   «EyeDoctor» ophthalmologic clinic of MD Molokotin, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Molokotin E.M. , Malakhova Y.I. ,   «EyeDoctor» ophthalmologic clinic of MD Molokotin, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Тo investigate the efficacy of a new anti-VEGF molecule – brolucizumab. Material and methods. Several clinical cases of treatment of age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema with brolucizumab are presented in this article. Results. The effect of brolucizumab is high, visual acuity improves, clinical signs of the disease in the macular region decrease. Conclusion. As a result of clinical cases, high efficacy of brolucizumab is noted. Keywords: neovascularization, intravitreal injection, brolucizumab, age-related macular degeneration, macular edema.
Мультимодальный подход в диагностике синдрома множественных «летучих» белых пятен
Authors:   The S.N. Fyodorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery» of Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Pedanova E.K. , Poroshina M.A. ,   The S.N. Fyodorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery» of Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To present a case report of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in a patient after the coronavirus infection. Material and methods. Caucasian female of 48 years-old admitted in the hospital with impairment of visual acuity and fixed visual field defects. The comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations ware carried out, including the examination of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp indirect ophthalmoscopy, microperimetry, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT – angiography, fundus autofluorescence (AF). Results. According to the results of multimodal diagnostics, the multiple evanescence white dot syndrome was diagnosed. The most diagnostic value showed data of autofluorescence, OCT and OCT En face. Conclusion. White dots syndrome combines diseases with similar clinical features, but each of them has its own unique clinicopathological features. Multimodal diagnostic works-up differential diagnosis of these diseases. Keywords: white dots syndrome, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, multimodal diagnostics.
Laser photodynamic therapy in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy without choroidal neovascularization
Authors:   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Eye Microsurgery, Mirkhalikov F.R. , Yusupov A.F. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Eye Microsurgery, Ashirmatova K.S. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Eye Microsurgery
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To estimate preliminary results of photodynamic therapy in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCRP) without choroidal neovascularization. Relevance. Central serous chorioretinopathy, especially the chronic form, remains an urgent problem in ophthalmology. To date, various methods of treating this pathology have been proposed, the main of which are conservative therapy and laser treatment. The latter includes Transpupillary Thermotherapy (TTT), Micropulse Laser Treatment and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). Unfortunately, not one technique today can claim the title of “method of the first choice”, because proven absolute superiority in treatment outcomes among these methods has not been identified. Nevertheless, PDT in recent years has shown fairly good results in the treatment of chronic CSCRP. Material and methods. We have treated 12 patients with chronic CSCRP without choroidal neovascularization (CN) by PDT with photolon. In this article, we presented all the initial data, as well as gave a detailed description of the applied parameters of laser exposure. Results. Our patients were followed up from 3 to 13 months, and the preliminary results of treatment are encouraging. In almost all cases, we received a positive trend in treatment without any formidable complications. Conclusions. Preliminary results show that PDT with photolon is not inferior in efficiency and is economically superior to other foreign analogues. Keywords: photodynamic therapy, photolon.
The influence of various types of vitreous floaters on the subjective quality of vision
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov eye microsurgery federal state institution, Moscow, Normaev B.A. , Buryakov D.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov eye microsurgery federal state institution, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To compare subjective visual quality on patients with different types of vitreous floaters. Material and methods. The study included 68 patients (68 eyes). Three groups were formed: I – Weiss Ring – 24 eyes, II – Сloud opacities – 22 eyes, III – Solid conglomerates – 22 eyes. To evaluate the visual quality all subjects completed non-standartised questionnaire. Laser treatment was performed with the “Ultra Q Reflex” using pulse energy 3–7 mJ. Follow-up: at the baseline and, 1 months after treatment. Results. There was a statistically significant difference observed in I group in questions of floaters intensity and occurrence frequency compared to the II and III groups. In the II group there was a statistically significant difference in questions of spots size and number compare to the other floaters. In the III group there was a statistically significant difference of overall quality of life questions compare to the other patients. Comparative analysis of survey outcomes in groups I and II revealed a significant increase of subjective perceptions (p < 0,05) and a positive trend in groups III at 1 month follow-up after laser surgery. Conclusions. Patients with Weiss rings and cloud-like floaters have great psychological discomfort, with the little impact on the visual functions of patients. On the contrary, solid conglomerates, due to their structure, have a significant impact on the subjective quality of vision and impede daily activities. The initial type of floaters determines the tactics of management, as well as the results of laser treatment. Keywords: YAG laser vitreolysis, vitreous floaters, questionnaire.
Transpupillary thermotherapy for systemic chemotherapy -resistant retinoblastomas
Authors:   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Eye Microsurgery of Uzbekistan, Yusupov A.F. , Mirkhalikov F.R. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Eye Microsurgery of Uzbekistan
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Describe the TTT method for retinoblastomas resistant to systemic chemotherapy, analyze the results of treatment. Material and methods. This article describes the cases of treatment of retinoblastomas by the method of Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT), in cases where pre-treatment consisted of at least 6 courses of systemic polychemotherapy (PCT), but tumor resistance to chemotherapy was noted, and it was not possible to achieve significant tumor regression. In this article, we described in detail 14 cases of systemic PCT-resistant retinoblastomas treated with TTT, gave detailed characteristics of the applied laser parameters, technique, and analyzed the results and complications. Our main goal was to show the advantages of TTT technology even for large retinoblastomas and its safety. Results. The degree of regression of tumors resistant to chemotherapy, with its initially large size, showed that the size of the tumor recommended for TTT cannot be a critical and absolute parameter, and tumors of sufficiently large sizes are also well amenable to laser exposure, and the number of complications does not exceed the average indicators, as in small retinoblastomas. Conclusion. In systemic – PCT-resistant retinoblastomas, where it is not possible to achieve a clinically significant reduction in tumor size, TTT can remain an alternative to other types of tumor destruction, not inferior in efficiency and safety. Keywords: retinoblastoma, TTT, chemotherapy.
Effectiveness using Cytoflavin® in rehabilitation of patients after endovitreal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Egorov A.V. , Kolenko O.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Egorov V.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Improving functional efficiency of endovitreal surgery in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), based on inclusion of Cytoflavin in system of their postoperative rehabilitation. Material and methods. The object of study included 68 patients with RRD aged 37 to 65 years. Patients underwent 25G vitrectomy with laser coagulation of rupture zones and silicone oil tamponade in the vitreal cavity. Silicone oil was removed from the vitreal cavity 3 months after operation. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group – 34 people who received Cytoflavin against the background of standard therapy, and the control group – 34 people with postoperative treatment with only standard therapy. The dynamics of functional effectiveness of treatment was analyzed according to data of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular photosensitivity. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used (microcirculation index was recorded). Morphological signs of macular ischemia were recorded by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Results. In patients of the main group, who received Cytoflavin along with standard therapy, a higher level of recovery functions of macular retina was observed compared to the control group. An increase in functional activity of the macular zone correlated with postoperative dynamics of restoration of retinal thickness in the central zone. Analysis of data of LDF and OCTA showed that improvement in visual functions in patients treated with Cytoflavin is directly related to restoration of chorioretinal blood flow. Conclusion. The use of Cytoflavin in patients of the main group after endovitreal surgery for RRD led to increase in BCVA by an average of 2.6 times and macular photosensitivity of 2 times. Improving visual functions at prescribing Cytoflavin to patients is due to its positive effect on indexes of chorioretinal microcirculation and density of the macular capillary plexuses. Keywords: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, chorioretinal blood flow, laser Doppler flowmetry, optical coherence tomography angiography, Cytoflavin.