bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for improving accuracy of gene expression data in bone and cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: He Tao , Huang Yijiang , Chak Juy Chi , Klar Roland Manfred
Published: October 2018

Autogenous tissue grafting remains the gold standard in the treatment of critical sized bone and certain cartilage defects, while the translation of tissue engineered osteogenesis or chondrogenesis from the lab bench into clinical practice, utilizing natural or synthetic biomimetic devices, remains challenging. One of the crucial underestimated reasons for non-translatability could be the imprecision and inconsistency of generated gene expression profiles, utilizing improperly optimized and standardized quantitative gene assays. Utilizing GeNorm for downstream qRT-PCR applications, the stability of reference genes in relation to optimal cDNA amounts was assessed on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal and adipose-derived stem cells neat and made to differentiate into chondrocytes including normal human derived chondrocytes and muscle tissue from rats. Results showed that reference genes can vary substantially across separately and/or combined cell lines and/or tissue types including treatment parameters. The recommendations to all bone and cartilage tissue engineers utilizing qRT-PCR is not to assume that reference gene stability and quantity remain conserved across cell lines or tissue types but to always determine, for each new experiment, the stability and normalization quantity of reference genes anew.
Design and Engineering of Heme Enzymes With O2-dependent Catalytic Activity
Authors: Cui C. , Reed J. H. , Mirts E. N. , Lu Y.
Published: October 2018

O2-dependent heme enzymes such as oxidases and oxygenases play important roles in numerous biological processes and much progress has been made in understanding structural features responsible for their diverse and efficient functions. An ultimate test of our knowledge in this area is to apply the insights gained from the study of native enzymes and their variants to design and engineer novel heme enzymes with similar O2-dependent catalytic activity. This endeavor will not only enrich our knowledge further, but also result in artificial catalysts for biomedical applications. In this chapter, we will highlight recent progress made in the design and engineering of structural and functional models of heme-containing monooxygenases, dioxygenases, and oxidases by redesigning native enzymes or by de novo design of new enzymes. In addition, heme-containing DNA or RNA enzymes with oxidase activity are also described. Finally, insights gained from these studies and perspectives for future directions are also summarized.
Myoglobin Derivatives Reconstituted with Modified Metal Porphyrinoids as Structural and Functional Models of the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
Authors: Hayashi Takashi , Oohora Koji
Published: October 2018

Reconstitution of hemoproteins with artificial heme analogues is an attractive strategy for modifying protein functions. In this chapter, two different reconstituted hemoproteins, cytochrome P450cam and myoglobin, are demonstrated. First, the role of the two heme–propionate side chains in cytochrome P450cam is discussed in the context of reconstituted P450cam with a one-legged heme, where one of the propionate side chains is replaced with a methyl group. The reconstituted cytochrome P450cam with the 7-methyl-7-despropionate heme indicates that the 7-propionate side chain plays an important role in the control of the process of expelling water molecules from the heme pocket out to the bulk solvent upon binding of a substrate molecule. Second, reconstituted myoglobins with artificial cofactors are reported models of cytochrome P450. Although native myoglobin does not have P450 activity, a reconstituted myoglobin with a flavin-attached heme and manganese porphycene, a constitutional isomer of porphyrin, have been found to promote the deformylation of 2-phenylpropionaldehyde and hydroxylation of inert alkanes, respectively. These results indicate that such reconstitutions of hemoproteins can provide important insights into understanding the structure/function relationships of hemoproteins and the generation of new biocatalysts.
Oxygen Activation and Long-range Electron Transfer in MauG
Authors: Yukl Erik T. , Davidson Victor L.
Published: October 2018

MauG is an enzyme responsible for the maturation of the tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) cofactor of methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) from an inactive precursor protein (preMADH). The reaction involves a six-electron oxidation of the substrate and requires the formation of an unusual high-valent di-heme species, an Fev equivalent referred to as bis-Feiv. This species can be formed either by reaction of H2O2 with the diferric form or activation of O2 by the diferrous form of MauG. Stabilization of bis-Feiv and catalysis involves ultrafast electron transfer between MauG hemes and efficient hole hopping through a series of Trp residues connecting the enzyme and substrate. MauG thus provides an excellent system to study the mechanisms of long-range electron transfer and radical stabilization that are essential for critical biological processes.
Structures of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Variations on a Theme
Authors: Scott E. E. , Godamudunage M. P.
Published: October 2018

The human cytochrome P450 enzymes are membrane-bound monooxygenases that perform diverse roles. Xenobiotic-metabolizing P450 enzymes are generalists responsible for the first step in the elimination of hydrophobic drugs and toxins, but can also activate protoxins, procarcinogens, and prodrugs. With the propensity of each to act on many different substrates, one small molecule drug or xenobiotic can often alter the metabolism of a second, causing adverse interactions. Other human P450 enzymes play more specific roles in the production and interconversions of key endobiotics including steroids, vitamins, fatty acids, and eicosanoids. These latter P450 enzymes are often drug targets. While poor solubility and stability prevented any membrane P450 X-ray structures until 2000, since then at least one structure has been determined for 22 enzymes of the 57 human genes. Within the conserved P450 fold, variations of secondary structure placement and side chain accommodations are apparent, both between and within a given P450 enzyme. In some cases, these structures provide a logical framework for observed function and mutational effects, but in other cases these structures raise additional questions. Regardless, enough structural information is available to begin guiding drug design, whether to target specific P450 enzymes or to avoid undesirable P450 inhibition or metabolism.
Controlling the Regio- and Stereoselectivity of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases by Protein Engineering
Authors: Sun Zhoutong , Reetz Manfred T.
Published: October 2018

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) have been used in synthetic organic chemistry and biotechnology for decades, especially in CH-activating oxidative hydroxylation. However, the control of both the regio- and stereoselectivity on a broad basis, a prerequisite for ecologically and economically viable transformations, has remained elusive until recent years, that have seen the advent of advanced methods in protein engineering. Successful examples of rational design utilizing site-specific mutagenesis have appeared, but the more general and reliable approach is directed evolution based on recursive cycles of mutagenesis, expression and screening. Since the screening step is the labor-intensive part (the bottleneck of directed evolution), advanced mutagenesis methods and strategies have been developed during the last 6–8 years. Saturation mutagenesis at multiple sites lining the binding pocket utilizing reduced amino acid alphabets and its iterative embodiment (ISM) have proven to be particularly effective, requiring minimal screening. The choice of amino acids as combinatorial building blocks is guided by structural, mechanistic, consensus and computational data. Directed evolution and rational design are beginning to merge for maximal efficiency.
Reaction pathways at the initial steps of trioxane polymerisation
Authors: Hoffmann Matthias , Bizzarri Claudia , Leitner Walter , Müller Thomas E.
Published: October 2018

Cleavage and (re)formation of oxymethylene moieties are essential steps during the build-up of polyoxymethylene (POM), a technically relevant high-performance polymer.
Direct catalytic co-conversion of cellulose and methane to renewable petrochemicals
Authors: Wang Aiguo , Austin Danielle , He Peng , Mao Xiaohui , Zeng Hongbo , Song Hua
Published: October 2018

Direct catalytic co-aromatization of cellulose and methane to renewable petrochemicals over supported Zn catalysts.
Anthropogenic PAHs in lake sediments: a literature review (2002–2018)
Authors: Du Jingjing , Jing Chuanyong
Published: October 2018

The distribution and source of anthropogenic PAHs in sediments from different lakes around the world were summarized and generalized in this review.
A single-step multi-level supramolecular system for cancer sonotheranostics
Authors: Lin Huirong , Li Shuang , Wang Junqing , Chu Chengchao , Zhang Yang , Pang Xin , Lv Peng , Wang Xiaoyong , Zhao Qingliang , Chen Junjie , Chen Hongmin , Liu Wen , Chen Xiaoyuan , Liu Gang
Published: October 2018

A multi-level supramolecular system produced by single-step Fe3+-mediated ionic crosslinking self-assembly can overcome the critical issues of current sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and address the need to monitor therapeutic effectsin vivowith a non-invasive approach.
Tunable green electrochromic polymers via direct arylation polymerization
Authors: You Liyan , He Jiazhi , Mei Jianguo
Published: October 2018

A method to tune the hues of neutral green conjugated electrochromic polymers (NG-ECP) via direct C–H arylation polymerization (DArP) was developed.
Visible-light initiated polymerization of dopamine in a neutral environment for surface coating and visual protein detection
Authors: Wang Jinhu , Ma Guolu , Huang Wei , He Yi
Published: October 2018

Mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coating is a promising avenue for surface modification.
Ultrafine Rh nanoparticle decorated MoSe2nanoflowers for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Yuanmeng , Yang Chenlu , Mao Guixiang , Su Jun , Cheng Gongzhen , Luo Wei
Published: October 2018

Ultrafine Rh nanoparticle decorated MoSe2nanoflowers have been synthesized through a colloidal synthetic method and further used as superior electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline media.
Long distance unconjugated agostic-assisted 1,5-H shift in a Ru-mediated Alder-ene type reaction: mechanism and stereoselectivity
Authors: Shan Chunhui , Zhong Kangbao , Qi Xiaotian , Xu Dongdong , Qu Ling-Bo , Bai Ruopeng , Lan Yu
Published: October 2018

A long distance unconjugated novel 1,5-H shift mechanism for a Ru-catalyzed Alder-ene type alkene–alkyne coupling reaction was examined by DFT.
Pyridine-terminated low gap π-conjugated oligomers: design, synthesis, and photophysical response to protonation and metalation
Authors: Weldeab Asmerom O. , Li Lei , Cekli Seda , Abboud Khalil A. , Schanze Kirk S. , Castellano Ronald K.
Published: October 2018

Pyridine terminated donor–acceptor π-conjugated oligomers have been prepared and their absorption and emission properties have been evaluated with respect to protonation and metalation.
Low temperature fabrication of Fe2O3 nanorod film coated with ultra-thin g-C3N4 for a direct z-scheme exerting photocatalytic activities
Authors: Kang Suhee , Jang Joonyoung , Pawar Rajendra C. , Ahn Sung-Hoon , Lee Caroline Sunyong
Published: October 2018

The engineered high aspect ratio of Fe2O3 nanorods coated with g-C3N4 demonstrates z-scheme mechanism, showing the best performance in 4-nitrophenol photodegradation and H2 evolution.
The tunable spin reorientation, temperature induced magnetization reversal, and spontaneous exchange bias effect of Sm0.7Y0.3Cr1−xGaxO3
Authors: Ma Zhijie , Liu Guanghui , Gao Weijun , Liu Yuzhuang , Xie Liang , He Xuemin , Liu Liqing , Li Yongtao , Zhang Hongguang
Published: October 2018

In this work, the tunable spin reorientation, temperature induced magnetization reversal, and spontaneous exchange bias effect were achieved in SmCrO3 by codoping nonmagnetic ions at Sm- and Cr-sites.
Preparation of SiO2nanowire arrays as anode material with enhanced lithium storage performance
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Fan , Ma Mengnan , Zhou Junshuang , Liu Yuwen , Chen Yan
Published: October 2018

SiO2nanowire arrays were synthesized using an AAO template-assisted sol–gel method. As a lithium negative electrode material, the sample exhibited excellent electrochemical properties.
Nanowire network-based photodetectors with imaging performance for omnidirectional photodetecting through a wire-shaped structure
Authors: Wang Shalong , Zou Yousheng , Shan Qingsong , Xue Jie , Dong Yuhui , Gu Yu , Song Jizhong
Published: October 2018

A highly flexible, omnidirectional photodetector based on ZnO nanowire network was designed for the first time. The as-obtained wire-shaped PD has excellent flexibility (>500 cycles), large light on/off ratio of 103 and 360° no blind angle detecting.
Adsorption of cadmium by live and dead biomass of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
Authors: Li Xingjie , Li Dongbo , Yan Zhenning , Ao Yansong
Published: October 2018

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been extensively investigated in combination remediation with plants in heavy metal contaminated soil.
Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution using a manganese-modified silicate ore
Authors: Luo Lisha , Zou Donglei , Lu Dongwei , Xin Bingjing , Zhou Ming , Zhai Xuedong , Ma Jun
Published: October 2018

Manganese-modified silicate ore showed remarkable catalytic oxidation activity for ciprofloxacin degradation and the corresponding mechanism was revealed.
Molybdenum sulfide–reduced graphene oxide p–n heterojunction nanosheets with anchored oxygen generating manganese dioxide nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kapri Sutanu , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: October 2018

In an unprecedented approach, p–n heterojunction nanosheets comprising ∼5 nm thick p-type MoS2 nanoplates integrated onto n-type nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide have been employed for photodynamic therapy.
Lab-on-a-micromotor: catalytic Janus particles as mobile microreactors for tailored synthesis of nanoparticles
Authors: Pacheco Marta , Jurado-Sánchez Beatriz , Escarpa Alberto
Published: October 2018

Catalytic Janus micromotors encapsulating Cd2+ or citrate are used here as mobile microreactors for “on the fly” CdS quantum dot and gold nanoparticle synthesis.
K-looping catalytic pyrolysis of unaltered and pelletized biomass for in situ tar reduction and porous carbon production
Authors: Shen Yafei
Published: October 2018

The facile KOH-catalyzed pyrolysis of unaltered and pelletized rice husk at 750 °C can produce tar-free syngas and highly porous carbon.
Laser-reduced graphene-oxide/ferrocene: a 3-D redox-active composite for supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Borenstein Arie , Strauss Volker , Kowal Matthew D. , Yoonessi Mitra , Muni Mit , Anderson Mackenzie , Kaner Richard B.
Published: October 2018

Supercapacitors are energy storage and conversion devices that display high power.
A NIR-light activated nanoplatform for sensitizing triple negative breast cancer against therapeutic resistance to enhance the treatment effect
Authors: Sun Xiaojing , Jin Yi , Wang Hao , Feng Na , Li Zhenhua , Liu Dandan , Ge Kun , Liu Huifang , Zhang Jinchao , Yang Xinjian
Published: October 2018

A NIR-light activated combination therapeutic nanoplatform is reported to cure TNBC by gene-silencing based sensitization of cancer cells toward treatment.
A Pd corolla–human serum albumin–indocyanine green nanocomposite for photothermal/photodynamic combination therapy of cancer
Authors: Sun Duo , Huang Yizhuan , Zhang Xianhua , Peng Jian , Li Jingchao , Ming Jiang , Wei Jingping , Chen Xiaolan , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: October 2018

Preparation of a PdCs–HSA–ICG nanocomposite and its application in cancer PTT/PDT combination treatment upon single 808 nm laser irradiation.
Bipolar magnetism in a two-dimensional NbS2 semiconductor with high Curie temperature
Authors: Sun Yingjie , Zhuo Zhiwen , Wu Xiaojun
Published: October 2018

First-principles calculations with the screened hybrid HSE06 functional reveal that the 2D NbS2 crystal is a bipolar magnetic semiconductor with high Curie temperature.
Preeclamptic placentae release factors that damage neurons: implications for foetal programming of disease
Authors: Scott Hannah , Phillips Tom J. , Stuart Greer C. , Rogers Mark F. , Steinkraus Bruno R. , Grant Simon , Case C. Patrick
Published: October 2018

Prenatal development is a critical period for programming of neurological disease. Preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication involving oxidative stress in the placenta, has been associated with long-term health implications for the child, including an increased risk of developing schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders in later life. To investigate if molecules released by the placenta may be important mediators in foetal programming of the brain, we analysed if placental tissue delivered from patients with preeclampsia secreted molecules that could affect cortical cells in culture. Application of culture medium conditioned by preeclamptic placentae to mixed cortical cultures caused changes in neurons and astrocytes that were related to key changes observed in brains of patients with schizophrenia and autism, including effects on dendrite lengths, astrocyte number as well as on levels of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors. Treatment of the placental explants with an antioxidant prevented neuronal abnormalities. Furthermore, we identified that bidirectional communication between neurons and astrocytes, potentially via glutamate, is required to produce the effects of preeclamptic placenta medium on cortical cells. Analysis of possible signalling molecules in the placenta-conditioned medium showed that the secretion profile of extracellular microRNAs, small post-transcriptional regulators, was altered in preeclampsia and partially rescued by antioxidant treatment of the placental explants. Predicted targets of these differentially abundant microRNAs were linked to neurodevelopment and the placenta. The present study provides further evidence that the diseased placenta may release factors that damage cortical cells and suggests the possibility of targeted antioxidant treatment of the placenta to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders.
Nebular spectroscopy of SN 2014J: Detection of stable nickel in near-infrared spectra
Authors: Dhawan S. , Flörs A. , Leibundgut B. , Maguire K. , Kerzendorf W. , Taubenberger S. , Van Kerkwijk M. H. , Spyromilio J.
Published: October 2018

We present near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of the nearby supernova 2014J obtained ∼450 d after explosion. We detect the [Ni II] 1.939 μm line in the spectra indicating the presence of stable 58Ni in the ejecta. The stable nickel is not centrally concentrated but rather distributed as the iron. The spectra are dominated by forbidden [Fe II] and [Co II] lines. We used lines, in the NIR spectra, arising from the same upper energy levels to place constraints on the extinction from host galaxy dust. We find that that our data are in agreement with the high AV and low RV found in earlier studies from data near maximum light. Using a 56Ni mass prior from near maximum light γ-ray observations, we find 0.053 ± 0.018 M⊙ of stable nickel to be present in the ejecta. We find that the iron group features are redshifted from the host galaxy rest frame by ∼600 km s−1.
Chasing discs around O-type (proto)stars
Authors: Maud L. T. , Cesaroni R. , Kumar M. S. N. , van der Tak F. F. S. , Allen V. , Hoare M. G. , Klaassen P. D. , Harsono D. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Schilke P. , Ahmadi A. , Beltrán M. T. , Beuther H. , Csengeri T. , Etoka S. , Fuller G. , Galván-Madrid R. , Goddi C. , Henning Th. , Johnston K. G. , Kuiper R. , Lumsden S. , Moscadelli L. , Mottram J. C. , Peters T. , Rivilla V. M. , Testi L. , Vig S. , de Wit W. J. , Zinnecker H.
Published: October 2018

We present high angular resolution (~0.2″) continuum and molecular emission line Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of G17.64+0.16 in Band 6 (220−230 GHz) taken as part of a campaign in search of circumstellar discs around (proto)-O-stars. At a resolution of ~400 au the main continuum core is essentially unresolved and isolated from other strong and compact emission peaks. We detect SiO (5–4) emission that is marginally resolved and elongated in a direction perpendicular to the large-scale outflow seen in the 13 CO (2−1) line using the main ALMA array in conjunction with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA). Morphologically, the SiO appearsto represent a disc-like structure. Using parametric models we show that the position-velocity profile of the SiO is consistent with the Keplerian rotation of a disc around an object between 10 and 30 M⊙ in mass, only if there is also radial expansion from a separate structure. The radial motion component can be interpreted as a disc wind from the disc surface. Models with a central stellar object mass between 20 and 30 M⊙ are the most consistent with the stellar luminosity (1 × 105 L⊙) and indicative of an O-type star. The H30α millimetre recombination line (231.9 GHz) is also detected, but spatially unresolved, and is indicative of a very compact, hot, ionised region co-spatial with the dust continuum core. The broad line-width of the H30α emission (full-width-half-maximum = 81.9 km s−1) is not dominated by pressure-broadening but is consistent with underlying bulk motions. These velocities match those required for shocks to release silicon from dust grains into the gas phase. CH3 CN and CH3 OH thermal emission also shows two arc shaped plumes that curve away from the disc plane. Their coincidence with OH maser emission suggests that they could trace the inner working surfaces of a wide-angle wind driven by G17.64 which impacts the diffuse remnant natal cloud before being redirected into the large-scale outflow direction. Accounting for all observables, we suggest that G17.64 is consistent with a O-type young stellar object in the final stages of protostellar assembly, driving a wind, but that has not yet developed into a compact H II region. The existance and detection of the disc in G17.64 is likely related to its isolated and possibly more evolved nature, traits which may underpin discs in similar sources.
Trophic cues as possible triggers of mussel larval settlement in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Leal Inês , Bouchard Élodie , Flores Augusto A.V. , Tremblay Réjean
Published: October 2018

Oligotrophic conditions may impose a nutritional challenge for the larval and early post-larval development of bivalves during the search for a suitable benthic habitat. Here we investigated what settlement cues might be important for mytilid populations in southeastern Brazil. Our results point to a trophic trigger mediating larval settlement that may include an effect of saturated fatty acids, probably linked to organic detritus and bacterial production deriving from terrestrial inputs. The prevalence of drifting in this population suggests it may be a strategy for individuals to delay final settlement until encountering favorable trophic environmental conditions.
Two phases inventory model with variable cycle length under discount policy
Authors: Pal Brojeswar , Adhikari Subhankar
Published: October 2018

This study deals with single stage inventory model where two phases are involved in an inventory cycle. In the first phase of the cycle, demand depends on both of inventory level and selling price while in the second, the demand depends on price only. Discount policy in selling price is offered in the second phase and inventory level at the end of the cycle is taken to be zero. Two models have been constructed on infinite time horizon. In the first model the demand rate is taken as the sum of two linear functions of inventory level and selling price and, in the second model, it is taken as a product of two power functions of inventory level and selling price. Our objective is to maximize average profit by considering ordering lot size and selling price as decision variables. Numerical examples of each model have been provided. The optimality criteria for the solutions are also checked by both graphically and numerically. Sensitivity analysis for different parameters in both models has been discussed in details to check the feasibility of the models.
Aktuelle Herausforderungen des thermischen Traumas im Kindesund Jugendalter – ein retrospektiver Erfahrungsbericht an einem Wiener
Verbrennungszentrum
Authors: Nedomansky Jakob , Maier Bernhard , Rath Thomas , Radtke Christine
Published: October 2018

Einleitung Das thermische Trauma im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist weiterhin von hoher sozioökonomischer Relevanz, da es seit Jahren zu keiner Reduktion der
jährlich stationär behandelten Patienten/innen gekommen ist. Die Therapie des pädiatrischen Verbrennungspatienten stellt besondere Anforderungen an das
medizinische Personal, die verwendeten Verbandsmaterialien und die angewandten Operationstechniken. Ziel dieser Studie war es einen aktuellen Überblick über das
stationäre Management und die Therapie des thermischen Traumas bei pädiatrischen Patienten/innen an einer spezialisierten Klinik zu geben.

Patienten/Material und Methode Kinder und Jugendliche, die zwischen 2012 und 2016 an der Kinderstation der chirurgischen Fächer der Medizinischen
Universität Wien von der klinischen Abteilung für Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie bei thermischen Trauma behandelt wurden, wurden identifiziert und ihr
Therapieverlauf retrospektiv analysiert.

Ergebnisse 115 Patienten/innen wurden auf Grund eines akuten thermischen Traumas stationär behandelt. Das mediane Alter lag bei 2 Jahren (0–18). Die
Verbrühung stellte mit 74 % den häufigsten Verletzungsmechanismus dar. Im Median zeigten sich 5 % (1–40) der Körperoberfläche betroffen. Konservatives
Wundmanagement bei 2a°igem Trauma (62 %) wurde in 98 % mit MepilexAg durchgeführt und dauerte im Median 11 Tage (4–34) bis zur Abheilung. In 38 % (n = 44) lag
eine 2b°ige oder 3°ige Verbrennung vor. Die Verwendung von Suprathel nach tangentialer Nekrosektomie bzw. Bürstendebridement bei oberflächlichen 2b°igen
Verletzungen zeigte zufriedenstellende Heilungsverläufe.

Schlussfolgerung Durch den Einsatzvon modernen Wundverbänden in der konservativen Therapie 2a°iger Wunden kann eine schnelle und unkomplizierte Abheilung
mit atraumatischen Verbandswechseln erfolgen. Bei oberflächlichen 2b°igen Wunden bietet Suprathel eine gute Alternative zur klassischen Hauttransplantation,
welche jedoch bei tieferen 2b°igen Verbrennungen immer noch als Therapiestandard gelten sollte. Narbenprophylaxe und regelmäßige Nachkontrollen sind wichtig um
sekundäre Funktionseinschränkungen durch Narbenstränge zu vermeiden. Um zukünftig die Inzidenz des thermischen Traumas im Kindesalter zu senken ist die
prophylaktische Aufklärung und Sensibilisierung der Eltern von großer Wichtigkeit.
Usability von Eingabehilfsmitteln und Ansteuerungsmöglichkeiten im Bereich der Unterstützten Kommunikation
Authors: Sebold Katharina , Renner Gregor
Published: October 2018

In dieser Studie wurde die Usability (Gebrauchstauglichkeit) von 15 unterschiedlichen technischen Eingabehilfen für Menschen mit schwerer Bewegungseinschränkung erforscht. Um diese Fragestellung zu untersuchen, wurde die Usability von 15 unterschiedlichen Eingabemethoden ermittelt. 15 Menschen ohne Behinderung sprachen einen festgelegten Satz und schrieben ihn mit 15 unterschiedlichen Eingabemethoden. 10 weitere Menschen mit Körperbehinderung und schwerer Dysarthrie oder Anarthrie schrieben denselben Satz mit ihrem eigenen Eingabehilfsmittel. Die Usability wurde in den 3 Dimensionen Effizienz als Eingabegeschwindigkeit bzw. Informationstransferrate, Effektivität als Fehlerrate (Verhältnis der korrekten Eingaben zu allen Eingaben mit Fehlern und Fehlerkorrektur) und Zufriedenheit anhand einer angepassten Version des Quest-II-Fragebogens ermittelt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich bei der Effektivität, dass die Teilnehmer ohne Behinderung mit den Hilfsmitteln die 40- bis 140-fache Zeit im Vergleich zur Lautsprache benötigen, die Teilnehmer mit Behinderung die 13- bis 500-fache Zeit. Durch Fehleingaben und deren Korrektur lag die Effizienz der Eingabe bei den Teilnehmern ohne Behinderung bei 80–100%, bei den Teilnehmern mit Behinderung zwischen 73 und 100%. Die Zufriedenheit lag bei Teilnehmern ohne Behinderung zwischen 3,4 und 5,0 (max.) sowie zwischen 2,8 und 5,0 bei den Teilnehmern mit Behinderung. Insgesamt erzielte die Eingabe durch Standardgeräte wie Tastatur und Maus eine bessere Usability als komplex anzusteuernde Geräte z. B. mit Augensteuerung. Vergleichbare Ansteuerungsarten (Kopfsteuerung, Augensteuerung) erzielen auch eine ähnliche Usability. Die hier untersuchten Usability-Dimensionen Effizienz, Effektivität und Zufriedenheit bei Eingabehilfsmitteln sind auch für den Versorgungsprozess mit Kommunikations- und Schreibhilfsmitteln sinnvoll. Hier sind jedoch nicht nur die Eingabehilfsmittel als solche, sondern die Versorgung mit allen Optimierungsmöglichkeiten wie Wortvorhersage, Autotext usw. einzubeziehen.
Auswirkungen von Stress auf Herz und Gefäße
Authors: Khattab Kerstin
Published: October 2018

Es ist von Mensch zu Mensch unterschiedlich, was wir als Stress empfinden, auf welche Stressoren und wie stark wir reagieren. Das Erleben von Stress ist subjektiv, die Auswirkungen auf den Körper sind jedoch objektiv messbar. Chronischer Stress kann sich negativ auf Herz und Gefäße auswirken. Stress gilt als eigenständiger Risikofaktor für die Entstehung einer koronaren Herzerkrankung und Myokardinfarkt. Er kann zudem das vegetative Nervensystem aus seiner Balance bringen und wie ein zentraler Dreh- und Angelpunkt kardiale Risikofaktoren negativ verstärken. Die Folge können Bluthochdruck, Übergewicht, erhöhte Blutzuckerwerte sein sowie negative Einflüsse auf Nikotinkonsum und Fettstoffwechsel. Chronischer Stress kann Ängste verstärken und in einer Erschöpfungsdepression münden. Deshalb sind neben Ausdauer- und Krafttraining mittlerweile auch Entspannungstraining und Stressmanagement fester Bestandteil der kardialen Rehabilitation. Lesen Sie hier, wie Stress auf den Körper wirkt, wie er gemessen werden kann, welche Bedeutung Stress für Herzpatienten hat und wie man die heilende Wirkung von Entspannungstraining erklären kann.
Stellera chamaejasme and Its Main Compound Luteolin 7-O-Glucoside Alleviates Skin Lesions in Oxazolone- and 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Stimulated Murine Models of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Jo Beom-Geun , Park No-June , Jegal Jonghwan , Choi Sangho , Lee Sang , Yi Li , Kim Su-Nam , Yang Min
Published: October 2018

Stellera chamaejasme, also known as “Langdu”, has been traditionally used for the management of skin-related diseases such as psoriasis and skin ulcers. The aim of this study was to determine whether S. chamaejasme and its major component, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, have a preventive effect on the development of atopic dermatitis in oxazolone-treated BALB/c mice and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-treated hairless mice. The epicutaneous applications of oxazolone and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene evoke an experimental murine atopic dermatitis-like reaction in BALB/c mouse ears and SKH-1 hairless mice. Atopic skin symptoms, including erythema (redness), pruritus (itching), exudation (weeping), excoriation (peeling), and lichenification (skin thickening), responded to treatment with S. chamaejasme aerial parts EtOH extract for 2 or 3 weeks. Histopathological examination revealed S. chamaejasme aerial parts EtOH extract significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration when applied to atopic dermatitis mice. In addition, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, the major active compound of the S. chamaejasme aerial parts EtOH extract, decreased serum IgE and IL-4 levels and transepidermal water loss and increased skin hydration, therefore exhibiting strong anti-atopic dermatitis activity in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis mice. In this study, we confirmed antipruritic and antidermatitic effects of S. chamaejasme extract and its main component luteolin 7-O-glucoside in atopic dermatitis murine models. The study shows S. chamaejasme aerial parts EtOH extract and luteolin 7-O-glucoside are most likely to be potential drug candidates for atopic dermatitis treatment.
Aggressive Periodontitis: A Review
Authors: Singh Baljeet , Garg Avnika , Garg Rahul
Published: October 2018

Aggressive periodontitis, which encompasses a number of clinical entities, probably results from the mobilization of tissue's destructive mechanisms which are common to most forms of periodontal diseases. The unique attributes of the disease process are due to the virulence of the pathogens and the host susceptibility may be due to the heritable or acquired susceptibility factors, which permit expression of periodontitis at a relatively younger age.
Removal of Gutta-Percha from the Root Canals using Three Different Rotary Files
Authors: Gill Harleen , Chhabra Ajay , Jindal Varun , Vats Ankur , Grewal Gurkirat
Published: October 2018

In case of failed root canal treatment endodontic retreatment of the root canal system is necessary. The aim of the present study was to compare the gutta-percha removal with Protaper retreatment files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), K3 (SybronEndo) and Hero Shapers (MicroMega, Besancon, France). Method: Thirty freshly extracted human single rooted teeth were prepared with ProTaper rotary instruments up to file F3 andfilled with 30 # GP cones and AH plus sealer. The teeth were then stored for 1 week. The teeth were divide into 3 retreatment groups (n=10). The gutta-percha was removed using Protaper retreatment files, K3 and Hero Shapers. Teeth were then evaluated using radiographs. Results: Comparing the ratio between clean canals Protaper and K3 showed better debris removal as compared to Hero shaper. But no significance difference was found.
Pre-Definitive Prosthodontic Treatment with Rehabilitation Devices
Authors: Sharma Bhavna , Kaur Ravneet , Kumar Manjit , Sethi Sumit , Singh Nikita
Published: October 2018

In prosthodontic treatment plan, decisions must be made regarding oral tissue rehabilitation and other necessary pre-prosthetic measures. The rehabilitation prostheses are very useful devices in the field of prosthodontics. It is essential that the mouth should be in an optimal state of health prior to commencing prosthetic treatment and failure to achieve this may produce an unsatisfactory treatment result. Depending on a variety of situations, the dentist may find it necessary to modify the patient's existing dentures or, occasionally, to construct a special appliance. This article deals with several preliminary (non-definitive) treatment options available along with a brief account of their rationale.
Correlation of Tooth Contact Habit in Patients with Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders and Healthy Normal Subjects
Authors: Vasudeva Subhash , Iyengar Asha , Seetaramaiah Nagesh
Published: October 2018

Purpose: Temporomandibular disorders are among the common musculoskeletal conditions affecting the individual. Modern day lifestyle and work environment may introduce abnormal habits like constant tooth contact habit which may have a role in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorder. This study aimed to correlate the prevalence of tooth contact habits in individuals suffering from TMD and compare them with that of normal individuals without any signs and symptoms of TMD. Material and Methods: 505 individuals were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 255 individuals who presented with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and group 2 consisted of 250 normal individuals. Detailed case history with emphasis on habits of constant tooth contact was recorded. Fischer's t test was used to compare the results between the two groups. Results: In group 1,54.5% of males and 58.02% of females gave a history of tooth contact habit while in group 2 individuals 38.7% males and 39.8% females gave a history of this habit. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females of group 1 with regard to this habit. There was a statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 individuals (both males and females combined) with regards to this habit. (p= 0.0003)

Conclusion: Individuals with temporomandibular disorders exhibited higher prevalence of tooth contact habit when compared to normal subjects.
A Simple Surgical Approach for Correction of Deficient Alveolar Ridge for Prospective Fixed Partial Denture Patients: A Clinical Report
Authors: Shrivastav Ambika , Gupta Siddarth
Published: October 2018

Rehabilitation of patients with deficient Seibert's Class-III ridge mandibular ridge is always a challenge for a dentist. This article discusses the problems faced while rehabilitating such cases and also discusses the surgical and prosthetic management of one such case. A ridge augmentation procedure called as “Roll on Technique” was used to correct the contour of the ride. Fixed partial denture with altered framework design and tissue colored porcelain was used to complete the case. These simple but effective changes helped to give predictable esthetics with illusion of natural teeth.
Blindness! A Terrible Aftermath of Dental Treatment
Authors: Chhabra Vandana , Chhabra Ajay
Published: October 2018

Local anesthetics are the most commonly used drugs in dentistry. Despite preoperative patient evaluation, proper tissue preparation and meticulous administration techniques many local and systemic complications with the local anesthesia or tooth extraction have been reported from time to time. Extension of dental infections from maxillary teeth and other nearby structures to orbital spaces and tissues surrounding the eye present a rare but serious problem with the potential for causing significant impairment. The practioner should be aware of the severe consequences that may result from tooth extraction or local anesthesia.
A Survey of Irrigation Practice among Dental Practitioners in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Miglani Saurav , Karda Babita , Sarangal Palvi ,   Damanpreet
Published: October 2018

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine current trends in irrigation practice among the practicing dentists in Himachal Pradesh. Methodology: A self prepared questionnaire comprising of 15 questions was e-mailed to 1970 members of the State Dental Council of Himachal Pradesh. The information gathered was the individual irrigant selection, irrigant concentration, smear layer removal, and use of adjuncts to irrigation. Results: A total of 544 replies were evaluated thus making the response rate of 27.6% for the study. Our data indicated that 38% of respondents primarily use sodium hypochlorite, with 61% of them using it at a concentration >5.0%. Only 21% of respondents aimed to remove the smear layer during endodontic treatment with only 7% using an adjunct to irrigation. Antibacterial activity was rated as the most important reason while selecting an irrigant. Conclusion: In spite of the crucial nature of the irrigation step in the endodontic therapy, the results of the study were not very satisfying especially when it comes to the use of adjuncts or newer irrigating systems. Thus there is need to regularly update and gauge the practices adopted by dental practitioners in the state.
Effect of High Temperature on Composite as Post Endodontic Restoration in Forensic Analysis-An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sharda Krishma , Jindal Varun , Chhabra Ajay ,   Damanpreet,   Dilpreet
Published: October 2018

Aim: The present study was done to evaluate and compare the effect of different temperatures (400 C, 800 C and 1000 C) on Composite as post endodontic restoration using Naked eye, Digital camera and Radiovisiography (RVG) in forensic analysis. Methodology: An in vitro study was conducted on 42 human teeth with composite as post endodontic restoration exposed to three temperature ranges: 400°C, 800°C and 1,000°C. Results: Composite material studied in the present research offered great resistance to high temperatures, without exhibiting considerable macrostructure variation, in such a way that physical changes (dimensional stability, fissures, cracks, fractures, texture, color, carbonization and incineration) can be identified and associated to each specific temperature range. Conclusion: Dental tissues and materials offer great resistance to the effect of high temperatures. Moreover, they present specific changes (color, texture, fissures, cracks fractures, fragmentation) which might contribute to the process of identifying a corpse, or burned, incinerated or carbonized human remains.
Evaluation and Comparison of Shear Bond Strengths of Self Etching Primers To Dentin– an In-Vitro Study
Authors: Uppin Veerendra , Sarangi Priyanka , Satapathy Sukanta
Published: October 2018

An in-vitro evaluation was done to compare shear bond strength of four self etching primer adhesives to dentin. 75 human extracted molar teeth were selected. The occlusal surface of these teeth was ground to remove coronal enamel and expose dentin. The dentinal surface of each tooth was then abraded using series of silicon carbide (320, 400, 600 grit) abrasive paper. Teeth were divided into 5 groups of 15 teeth each and composite post were then built on the bonded surfaces using Z-100 hybrid composite. The teeth were then fractured applying shearing load through universal testing machine. Shear strength values were in the range of 15.96 to 22.64 Mpa. Clearfil S3 gave highest mean shear bond strength whereasAdhe SE gave lowest value of shear strength. Based on this study it could be concluded that contemporary self etching primer adhesives bond successfully to dentin and also their bonding ability seems to be comparable to conventional total etch system.
Sword of Endodontist: A Review
Authors: Mittal Sangam , Kukreja Navneet , Chaudhary Devendra , Bansal Abhishek , Bansal Jyoti , Agarwal Disha
Published: October 2018

The last decade has been witness to phenomenal growth in endodontic technology. The introduction of these new technologies has resulted in endodontics becoming easier, faster and most importantly, better. NiTi alloys overall are softer than stainless steel, are not heat treatable, have a low modulus of elasticity (about one fourth to one fifth that ofstainless steel) but a greater strength, are tougher and more resilient, andshow shape memory and superelasticity. The latter two properties arethe main reasons why NiTi alloys have succeeded in endodontics. Thepurpose of this article is to review the design features of different rotary instruments used for pulp space preparation. Important mechanical features include thevariability of taper, rake angle, cross-sectional geometry, tip configuration, design of blades, helical angle and pitch. These design features influence flexibility, cutting efficiency and safety. In this review, design features of commonlyused NiTi rotary systems are summarized.
The Effect of Root Canal Taper on the Removal of Smear Layer Using Different Irrigating Solutions: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Jain Atul , Sinha Sonal , Bahuguna Rachana , Kumar Neeraj , Chauhan Raju
Published: October 2018

Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the combined effect of taper and different irrigating agents on the cleanliness of root canal. Materials & Methods: 45 extracted mandibular premolars were divided into three groups, according to the taper produced, 2%, 4% and 6% with Hero Shaper files respectively, which were further divided into subgroups, according to the irrigation regime followed. The teeth were split and subjected to SEM analysis. Results: The results showed that the canals prepared to a taper of 6% and irrigated with 5.2% NaOCl and 25% Citric acid had less debris and smear layer, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that a taper of 6% facilitates irrigant delivery in the canal and 25% Citric acid is more potent demineralising agent than 17% EDTA.
The Effect of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Serum C Reactive Protein Levels in Generalized Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Clinical Study
Authors: Manocha Anish , DK Suresh , Gupta Shikha , Yakhmi Sharuti , Pandit Aashish
Published: October 2018

Background: Although many studies have compared circulating IL-6 and CRP concentrations in periodontal patients and controls, a limited number of studies have compared systemic inflammatory markers at baseline and follow-up and also Data on whether periodontal therapy affects serum CRP levels are inconclusive. Aims and Objective: By the virtue of this study, an attempt was made to evaluate and compare the effect of non surgical periodontal therapy on serum C-Reactive Protein levels in Generalized chronic periodontitis patients. Material and Method: A total of thirty patients with Generalised chronic periodontitis, within the age range of 30-70 years, were selected and underwent non surgical periodontal therapy. Further, they were put on a two month follow up after post operative phase for evaluation and comparison of pre and post values. Results and Conclusion: The results of our study showed that non surgical periodontal therapy significantly reduces the serum levels of C-reactive protein along with other clinical parameters in patients with generalised chronic periodontitis.
Varones 46, XX: a propósito de dos casos genéticamente distintos
Authors: Paneque Arianne , Armendáriz Stefany , Reyes Silva Carlos , Garzón Castro Maribel , Tambaco Jijón Nina
Published: October 2018

Introducción Los desórdenes de diferenciación sexual son condiciones clínicas en las que existe una discrepancia entre el sexo cromosómico y el sexo fenotípico de un individuo. Esas condiciones suelen resultar angustiantes para los pacientes y sus familias e incluso para el equipo médico tratante debido a la dificultad en diagnosticarlas.

Objetivo Presentar las características clínicas, genéticas y hormonales de dos varones con desórdenes de diferenciación sexual.

Método Se realizó un estudio descriptivo basado en la revisión y análisis de datos de la historia clínica y la confrontación de los resultados con reportes similares.

Resultados Se observaron dos individuos con fenotipo masculino y diagnóstico de hipogonadismo hipergonadotrófico con cariotipo 46, XX. El primer caso presentó testes pequeños y azoospermia, mientras que el segundo caso presentó baja talla, criptorquidea bilateral congénita y escrotos hipoplásicos. En ambos pacientes se exploró la presencia del gen SRY, confirmando su presencia en el primer caso y ausencia en el segundo caso.

Conclusiones El diagnóstico genético-molecular actual apela a la combinación de técnicas tradicionales junto a técnicas modernas, como secuenciación por paneles genéticos a fin de identificar etiológicamente los desórdenes de diferenciación sexual. La presentación de esos casos aún se considera rara debido a su baja tasa de frecuencia poblacional, por lo que su reporte siempre resultará útil a la comunidad científica ya que muestran las distintas formas de presentación clínica y el manejo multidisciplinario de esos casos en diferentes contextos clínicos.