Comparative assessment of the features of formation processes psycho-physiological adaptation and development of psychophysiological functions of the pupils in the dynamics of a 20-year period
Authors:   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Tekliuk R.V. , Serheta I.V. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University
Published: November 2024

Objective. The aim of the scientific work is to carry out a comparative assessment of the peculiarities of the processes of the formation of psychophysiological adaptation and the development of the psychophysiological functions of the pupils in the dynamics of a 20-year period. Materials and methods. During the researches, the assessment of the functional features of higher nervous activity of pupils was based on the determination of the latent periods of simple and differentiated visual-motor reactions, indicators of the mobility and balance of nervous processes. The functional features of the visual sensory system and the somatosensory analyzer were studied on the basis of the assessment of the values of the critical frequency of the fusion of light flashes and coordination of movements. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using the statistical analysis package "Statistica 6.1" (license number AXX910A374605FA). Results. It was established that the best of the adaptively significant positions and, therefore, the smallest in accordance with the degree of expression of the value of the latent period of a simple visual-motor reaction in both boys and girls were registered among the representatives of the “pupils 2000” group. The data characteristic of the representatives of the “pupils 2020” group testified to a fairly insignificant (p>0.05), but present, worsening of the degree of expression of the psychophysiological functions that were subject to study. The best from the point of view of adaptation and, therefore, the smallest values of the latent period of the differentiated visual-motor reaction, in contrast to the previous case, both among young men and among girls are registered among the representatives of the “pupils 2020” group. The results typical for the representatives of the “pupils 2020” group showed a small (р>0.05), but pronounced. improvement in the degree of expression of psychophysiological functions in boys and a statistically significant improvement (р<0.01) in their values in girls. When carrying out a hygienic assessment of the indicators of the mobility of nervous processes, in any case, it should be noted that the best from the point of view of adaptation and, therefore, the lowest values of the number of disruptions of differentiation reactions (р>0.05) were registered among the representatives of the group “pupils 2020” In the course of determining the peculiarities of the characteristics of the balance of nervous processes, it is necessary to emphasize that the best from the point of view of adaptation and, therefore, the smallest values of errors during the study of the reaction to a moving object in young men are registered among the representatives of the group “pupils 2000” (p>0.05), in girls – among the representatives of the “pupils 2020” group (p>0.05). The best from an adaptation-significant point of view and, therefore, the highest values of the critical frequency of the fusion of light flashes in boys and girls were registered among the representatives of the “pupils 2020” group. Thus, the results characteristic of the representatives of the “pupils 2020” group showed a slight (р>0.05), but present deterioration in the degree of expression of the specified psychophysiological function in young men and a statistically significant deterioration (р<0.001) of it sizes in girls. Conclusions. In the course of the conducted research, a comparative assessment of the features of the processes of the formation of psychophysiological adaptation and the development of the psychophysiological functions of the pupils in the dynamics of the 20-year period was carried out. Keywords. Pupils, organism, psychophysiological functions, psychophysiological adaptation, hygienic assessment.