bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel Import and Implementation of the Principle of Exhaustion of Exclusive Rights in the Context of Contractual Relations of Economic Entities
Authors: Shakhnazarov B. A.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the problem of the influence of contractual relations on the issue of exhaustion of exclusive rights and the organization of parallel imports in general. The fact and form of the consent of the right holder to use the intellectual property object as part of a specific product, batch of goods, as well as determining the fact of the completed use of intellectual property rights during the primary sale of goods are of particular importance for understanding the nature of the exhaustion of rights and resolving disputes in the field of parallel imports. The solution of the problems under consideration is complicated by the territorial principle of protection of intellectual property rights. The author substantiates that contractual structures and specific provisions of contracts with right holders, as well as various related contractual structures, including sublicensing agreements, franchising agreements, can play the role of legal means that ensure parallel imports. The conclusion is drawn that the possibility of expressing the consent of the copyright holder to the use of other objects of intellectual property, including a trademark, objects of patent rights, through a unilateral expression of will (statement of the copyright holder) should be provided for by law in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The necessary balance between the intangible nature of intellectual property and the material nature of the object of property rights in which it is expressed, in the context of the initiative granting by the right holder of the right to use the object of intellectual property in a particular product, can be achieved through perception at the regulatory and law enforcement level. the concept of an implied license as a way of granting the right to use an object of intellectual property
Application of para. 4 of Article 248.1 of the Arbitrazh Procedural Code of the Russian Federation: issues raised by the court practice
Authors: Zasemkova O. F.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the practice of application of Article 248.1 of the Arbitrazh Procedural Code of the Russian Federation by Russian courts. On the basis of the doctrine and judicial practice analysis, the author highlights two approaches to the interpretation of the condition limiting the sanctioned party`s access to justice which allows to transfer a dispute to the jurisdiction of the Russian arbitration court despite the clause referring the dispute to a foreign court or arbitration. Considering each of these approaches, the author concludes that this condition should not be interpreted broadly and that the mere fact of the existence of personal or sectoral sanctions is not sufficient to establish that he has obstacles in access to justice. In order to correct the prevailing approach and to ensure a uniform interpretation of para. 4 Art. 248.1 of the Arbitrazh Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, it is proposed to adopt the Resolution of Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. This Resolution must contain the rebuttable presumption that the sanctions imposed by a foreign state in respect of a Russian person limit his right of access to justice and, accordingly, provide grounds for “transfer” the dispute to the jurisdiction of the Russian court.
Legal regulation of the participation of artificial intelligence and other generators in the process of creating results comparable to works
Authors: Lutkova O. V.
Published: December 2023

In the modern world, some components of legal relations that do not have legal personality — animals, technical devices, artificial intelligence systems — are able to generate results comparable to works. However, neither regulation of this process, nor legal protection regime of its results are provided in international treaties, and are established less than fragmentary in national law. In this regard, the following questions arise: are the results of the activities of the listed components protected under copyright law and who exactly is the author of such results — the owner of the animal/device/technology, or the direct creator of the result, who is not a human being. A general term “generators of results comparable to the results of intellectual activity” is introduced into the doctrinal turnover, by which it is proposed to understand a component of a legal relation that does not have legal personality in accordance with the law of modern states — animals, technical devices, artificial intelligence, etc., — which, participating in process, partly comparable to human creative activity, are capable of producing (generating) results comparable to objects protected by intellectual property law, in particular, works. Up to date, the idea of generators as objects, not subjects of law, has not been shaken, and copyrights are not granted to them. In view of the possible commercial and artistic value of the results of their “creativity,” it may be advisable to establish a special protection regime without granting anyone non-property (moral) rights, however, with the recognition of all or some of the property rights in the created object for the generator’s proprietor for a reduced period of time.
Institutional system of execution of cross-border leasing agreements; legal assessment of bareboat charter conditions
Authors: Skachkov N. G.
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the variety of legal relationships in the system of cross-border relations between charterers and charterers of ships. Leasing in the global shipping industry takes on a variety of forms, depending on the sources of financing. The current state of the market is conducive to taking advantage of bareboat charter, known for its inherent tructurality, as well as the legal rigor with which the contracts are qualified for real and consensual. The systematic nature of its regulations concerning the conflictof-laws aspects of the form and procedure for concluding a transaction is reflected in international standards prepared by BIMCO and BARECON, which, however, does not interfere with the self-sufficiency of leasing companies, in this regard, especially if they consider bareboat charter as a source of attracting fixed assets. The need for their depreciation, payment of intangible assets also makes the practice of insurance relevant. Keywords: leasing transaction, vessel chartering, ex
International mechanisms for the protection of children’s rights and family rights in the context of the transformation of interstate cooperation
Authors: Savenko O. E.
Published: December 2023

In this article, the author analyzes modern mechanisms for protecting the rights of the child in the context of a regulated transformation of international cooperation between states. On a regular basis, a medical institution appears in the Russian Federation and the development of institutions for the protection and protection of human rights as a universal mechanism for the protection of human rights. This approach is based on the so-called European model of human rights protection, but the adoption of politicized decisions of international bodies for the protection of human rights. The authors presented sustainable changes that have affected Russian citizens in the exercise of their rights to international protection in the context of a global crisis between states. The methodology is conditioned by the goal of the research and includes, first of all, general and general scientific methods of research: systemic, unified, functional, historical. As a result of the study, the author concludes that it is necessary to create alternative instruments for the protection and promotion of human rights, the platform for which can be the Commonwealth of Independent States or the community of friendly states. The scientific and practical significance of the presented conclusions is due to a comprehensive analysis of the existing international mechanisms for the protection of the rights of the child in conditions that may affect their modification — the crisis of international cooperation.
Impact of Sanctions on Formation of the Russian Approach to the Legal Regulation of Cross-Border Insolvency
Authors: Skoptsova E. I.
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of sanctions and counter-sanctions measures on the formation of the approach of Russian courts to the consideration of disputes in insolvency cases. under the influence of integration processes on a global and regional scale, there is an intensification of foreign economic relations of economic entities from different countries, the interdependence of legal entities is formed within the framework of the international economic process. the active development of international economic activity brings with it not only great profits, opportunities for cost reduction and the development of international communication, but also the most severe crisis phenomena, a great risk of not staying afloat, resulting in a relatively new phenomenon of cross-border insolvency. The author noted the problematic aspects of the impact of sanctions on the consideration of insolvency disputes, including the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings, the inclusion of foreign creditors in the register of creditors’ claims, the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. The author studied cases from the latest practice of Russian courts, noted the features of the consideration of insolvency cases involving creditors and debtors of «unfriendly» countries, made conclusions and assumptions about the further development of judicial practice.
Panel Review of the USGS 2023 Conterminous U.S. Time-Independent Earthquake Rupture Forecast
Authors: Jordan Thomas H. , Abrahamson Norm , Anderson John G. , Biasi Glenn , Campbell Ken , Dawson Tim , DeShon Heather , Gerstenberger Matthew , Gregor Nick , Kelson Keith , Lee Yajie , Luco Nicolas , Marzocchi Warner , Rowshandel Badie , Schwartz David , Shome Nilesh , Toro Gabriel , Weldon Ray , Wong Ivan
Published: December 2023

This report documents the assessment by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Rupture Forecast (ERF) Review Panel of the draft ERF for the conterminous United States (CONUS-ERF23) proposed for the 2023 update of the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM23). Panel members participated with the ERF Development Team in several verification and validation exercises, including spot checks of the hazard estimates at key localities. The ERF23 forecast is substantially different from its predecessor, yielding relative differences in hazard that exceed ±50% in some low-hazard areas. These stem primarily from the new model ingredients—new faults, revised deformation rates, and updated seismicity catalogs—rather than from changes in the modeling methodology. The panel found that the main hazard changes are scientifically justified at the long return periods (≥475 yr) for which NSHM23 is applicable. Based on its evaluation of the model, the panel offered six actionable recommendations for improvements to the draft ERF23 for the western United States and two for the Cascadia subduction zone. All eight recommendations were adopted by the USGS for the revised ERF, as documented by Field et al. (2023). The panel concluded that CONUS-ERF23 represents a significant scientific advance over ERF18 and should be incorporated, after suitable revision, into NSHM23. The panel also considered changes to the CONUS-ERF that cannot be feasibly implemented in NSHM23 but could lead to future improvements. Among these aspirational recommendations, the panel prioritized the development of time-dependent extensions of ERF23 that include models of seismic renewal and clustering. The panel endorsed USGS efforts to extend the NSHM to a national earthquake forecasting enterprise capable of continually updating and disseminating authoritative information about future earthquake occurrence through a well-designed hazard-risk interface. Operational earthquake forecasting will place new and heavy demands on USGS cyberinfrastructure, requiring a more integrated approach to software development and workflow management.
Higher Education Digitalization in the Context of Globalization Changes
Authors: Prokopiv Liubov Mykolaivna , Stynska Viktoriia Volodymyrivna
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the issue of digitalisation in the educational systems of the world and Ukraine. Based on the SWOT analysis, the authors identify the advantages and disadvantages of digitalisation of the Ukrainian educational system. The main areas of digitalisation include the introduction of immersive, cloud, Internet technologies, online courses, gamification of education, and development of digital libraries. Among the benefits of digitalisation are the following: digitalisation stimulates the senses of sight and hearing; interactive learning improves the quality of education; improves the ability to work with learning materials; presentational e-contents are convenient; ensures the quality of educational services in the context of lockdown or military conflicts. The authors have found that the most common types of digital education are webinars, individual online consultations, work on online platforms, and self-study of educational content. Among the strengths of digitalisation, the authors identify constant systematic work, training of specialists who are competitive in the labour market, openness and presentability, modernisation of technical support, creation of a single information space, etc. Among the disadvantages of digitalisation are: limited communication, low activity in the classroom, loss of motivation, loss of progress due to insufficient digital competencies, not always high-quality networking, not always qualitative networking, and not always qualitative networking.
Legal Design as an Approach to Legal Communication with People with Disabilities
Authors: Spasowska-Czarny Hanna
Published: December 2023

Legal exclusion is generally equated with unequal access to legal protection institutions and facilities; it is also understood as “a qualified type of discrimination created by law”. It turns out that in the sphere of legal systems, exclusion is largely caused by the law itself. There is a problem of certain social groups (e.g., people with disabilities) not benefiting from the rights granted to them, which is related, among other things, to the low level of legal awareness, the lack of understanding of the law, poor information on the applicable laws, or the high cost of legal counsel. Individuals, especially those with disabilities, do not always (despite assumptions to the contrary) realize that by participating in society, they become links in a chain of social relations regulated by law. One of the main obstacles to combating social problems is inadequate information on existing legislation and poor understanding of institutional and legal intricacies, which make excludable individuals know little about their rights and protections. Serious consideration should be given to simplifying certain solutions (e.g., applying the concept of legal design), which can become a method of preventing social and legal exclusion.
Principles of Administrative Law and Legal Security of Citizens Małgorzata Szreniawska
Authors: Szreniawska Małgorzata
Published: December 2023

The principles of administrative law are important to ensure the legal security of citizens. These principles are presented in the Administrative Procedure Code, but also in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and in acts of international law. Individual rules deepen trust in the administration’s activities and are intended to foster the quality of the administration’s activities and better communication between a client and an official. The principles of administrative law are interrelated. Compliance with various principles of administrative law in the activities of administration affects the observance of the principle of good administration. Control, including instance control and judicial control of administration, plays a special role in ensuring compliance with the principles of administrative law.
Constitutional Principles of Electoral Law in Local Government Elections in Poland and European Solutions – Contribution to the Discussion
Authors: Woźnicki Marek
Published: December 2023

The subject of the article is an attempt to compare the constitutional principles of holding local government elections in Poland and in other EU countries. Preliminary studies of this issue indicate that in the case of elections of the constitutive bodies of local government units, three model solutions may be indicated: (1) lack of regulation of the principles of electoral law in the constitution, which means that the ordinary legislator is left with some freedom in regulation of this issue; (2) constitution regulates a limited catalogue of the principles of electoral law (usually two or three); (3) constitution regulates a full catalogue of the four fundamental principles of electoral law (universality, equality, directness, secret ballot). Similar remarks apply to executive bodies of local self-government units. The aim of the article is to classify Poland into one of the above-mentioned models and to try to answer the question of what were the premises behind such a regulation of this issue in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997.
Statutory Regulations on the Financial Economy of the National Bar of Attorneys-at-Law – Characteristics and Proposal for Classification
Authors: Kępa Monika
Published: December 2023

The National Bar of Attorneys-at-Law is one of the self-governing professions of public trust, the establishment of which is provided for by the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, defining their functions. Financial economy is the material basis and tool for carrying out the statutory tasks of the self-government of legal advisors. Among the tasks of the National Bar of Attorneys-at-Law, a significant range are tasks of a public nature, which comprise the constitutionally defined functions of the self-governments of public trust professions. It would appear from the aforementioned that the statutory regulations on the financial economy of the National Bar of Attorneys-at-Law are of importance not only to the self-government and its members but also to individual entities, society, and the state. The norms contained in the Act on Attorneys-at-Law relating to financial management are not extensive, and at the same time they are internally diverse, which justifies this classification. The basic categories of statutory regulations on the financial economy of the National Bar of Attorneys-at-Law relate to the determination of sources of funding for its activities, authorizations for self-government bodies to issue intra-governmental acts on financial economy, budgets, and bodies with authority to implement and control financial economy. Due to the complex nature of the matter of financial economy, it is not possible to create completely separate divisions, and there are common elements between the proposed categories. Statutory regulations on the financial economy of local government do not completely regulate this economy and are to a significant extent supplemented by intra-governmental legal acts issued by local government bodies on the basis of the Act.
The Right to a Public Trial in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Pawlicka Dorota
Published: December 2023

The aim of the article is to discuss the right to public trial before Polish administrative court in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account the legal solutions introduced during the pandemic, such as the Act of 2 March 2020 on special solutions connected with preventing, counteracting and combating COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crisis situations caused by them, the relation of the provisions of this legal act to the provisions of the Act of 30 August 2002 – Law on proceedings before administrative courts, the jurisprudence of administrative courts, the standpoint of the European Court of Human Rights in the context of the right to a public hearing, as well as the views of the doctrine. The considerations showed that despite the restriction of the right to open examination of an administrative court case and despite the inevitable imperfections, the introduced regulations regarding remote hearings and referral of cases to classified hearings enabled the efficient functioning of the administrative judiciary during the pandemic. The article is dominated by the formal-dogmatic method. An analysis of the case law of the Supreme Administrative Court and the European Court of Human Rights is also an important element.
International Development Aid under Joe Biden: Major Changes
Authors: Beletskaya Maria
Published: December 2023

The article examines the quantitative changes and structural characteristics of US international assistance during the presidency of Joe Biden. Particular attention is paid to the distribution of assistance among recipient countries. It was concluded that, in general, the distribution of assistance complies with the guidelines formulated in the National Security Strategy.
Deepening Czech-American Cooperation after 2022
Authors: Vedernikov Mikhail
Published: December 2023

The article examines the features of Czech-American cooperation after the start of the Special military operation in Ukraine. It is noted that, despite the high status of bilateral relations since the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict contributed to the intensification of cooperation. It was revealed that the United States has focused on strengthening cooperation in the areas of energy security and military-technical cooperation. The rapprochement of positions, as the author of the work notes, occurred on the basis of the ideological heritage of the first President of the Czech Republic, Vaclav Havel. It was noted that a change of government will not lead to a change in foreign policy orientation due to the volume of existing obligations assumed by the Czech side in the period 2022-2023.
“New Atlanticism” as a Factor of UK-US Relations
Authors: Godovanyuk Kira A.
Published: December 2023

The “special relationship” with the US is at the center of UK foreign policy strategy, which is determined by the overall objective of influencing the modern system of international relations along with adapting to its changes. The UK's post-Brexit "New Atlanticism" has manifested itself in several ways. From a geopolitical point of view, the UK seeks to play a special role in ensuring Euro-Atlantic security against the backdrop of building a new model of relations with the EU. From the economic and regulatory perspective, there is a tendency towards leadership in issues of technology and artificial intelligence security with the support of the US.
Dynamics of US Inter-American cooperation during 1991-2023 through the view of the treaties
Authors: Goliney Vladimir
Published: December 2023

The article analyses the change in the intensity of US cooperation with the countries of the Inter-American system in the period from 1991 to 2023. The Analysis consists of the database of bilateral treaties, as well as visits done by US Presidents and Secretaries of State to Latin America and Canada. It seems that these indicators indirectly allow to highlight the priority in US foreign policy (for the Latin American track), and contribute to a different view of the results of the Biden administration in this direction.
«Fragile State» and «Failed State» Issue in U.S. Foreign Policy
Authors: Yevseenko Andrey
Published: December 2023

Such terms as «fragile state» and «failed state» continue to be widely used by academic community, state officials and international organizations. However, the explanatory potential of these definitions remains very low, and their political bias is high. They became an integral part of the concept of «nation-building», so spread over the background of the US military interventions of the 1990s and 2000s. «Hybrid peace-building» was an attempt to comprehend the principles and consequences of supporting state institutions after the US failed experience in «nation-building» in the Middle East and Central Asia. However, the concept is not free of both theoretical and practical flaws. Its main thrust is now feminist peace-building. United States orients on providing aid to countries with low ranking in international gender equality ratings. This approach makes it easier to demonstrate results and allows the US establishment to rely on strengthening internal political capital.
AUKUS in U.S. Domestic Policy
Authors: Mamedova Anastasia
Published: December 2023

In 2023 the role of the U.S. Congress and the importance of interagency coordination in making AUKUS work came to the fore. A number of bills were introduced in both the House of Representatives and the Senate in order to implement the two pillars of AUKUS. Although the pact enjoys bipartisan support, these bills are hotly debated. There are differences in the approaches of Democrats and Republicans to those aspects of the pact that may affect U.S. domestic policy. Congressmen would like senior U.S. officials to ensure that the implementation of AUKUS will not undermine U.S. national defense and its industrial base.
Role of Poland in the foreign policy of the USA in 2023
Authors: Pavlova Maria
Published: December 2023

The article examines key results of bilateral Polish-American relations in 2023. The main object of analysis is changing perception of Poland in American political establishment and society, as well as expectations of the Polish authorities regarding changes in Poland's position in the Euro-Atlantic security architecture.
Climate Change and the US National Security Strategy
Authors: Stepanova Nataliya
Published: December 2023

The author of the article presents a historical overview of the US doctrinal approach to climate change, highlighting several milestones in its securitization. In the first stage, climate change was identified as such, in the second, it acquired the status of a threat; and in the third, it was enshrined in the strategic action plan. The article characterizes the main initiative plans adopted by several US departments directly involved in the implementation of the national security strategy. The author concludes that the securitization of this problem has not yet reached its final stage - the practical implementation of planned initiatives.
Past Gains: US-Istaeli Relations and Palestine Issue in 2023
Authors: Tsaregorodtseva Galina
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to US-Israeli relations in 2023 the 30th anniversary of Oslo Accords. For thirty years the relations became stronger though the Palestine issue solution was postponed. After HAMAS attack on Gaza on October,7 and the escalation of violence there are no effective tools to deal with the issue and the US traditional strategy on Palestine should be improved.
Industrial policy and interaction with allies: main priorities and weaknesses of “Bidenomics”
Authors: Chudinova Ksenia
Published: December 2023

The economic policy of the Biden administration has a significant impact both on the American manufacturing sector and high-tech industries, as well as on foreign economic activity and relations with partner countries. Now these relations are changing, since against the backdrop of growing protectionist tendencies, government agencies and enterprises are forced to adapt to new conditions.
Sobre el problema de Kronecker y conjuntos parcialmente ordenados con involución
Authors: Dorado Ivon , Medina Gonzalo
Published: December 2023

Consideramos el clásico problema de Kronecker sobre dos operadores lineales entre dos espacios vectoriales de dimensión finita y presentamos una nueva solución corta usando una conexión entre la versión matricial del problema de Kronecker y el problema matricial asociado a un conjunto ordenado con involución.
COMPARACIÓN DEL MÓDULO DE ELASTICIDAD DE ESPUMAS CON BASE POLIOLEFINA, OBTENIDOS EN ENSAYOS DE COMPRESIÓN E INDENTACIÓN POR CAÍDA DE DARDO. CURVAS DE AMORTIGUAMIENTO DINÁMICO
Authors: Almanza O. A. , Carriazo J. G. , Rodríguez Pérez M. A. , De Saja J. A.
Published: December 2023

Se realizó una serie de experimentos en caída de dardo (impacto) con el objeto de cuantificar la capacidad de absorción de energía, antes de producirse un fallo por fractura, de un conjunto de espumas con base poliolefina. Se determinó la resistencia a la fractura s máx, la tenacidad y las curvas de amortiguamiento dinámico, donde se representa el pico de desaceleración G para cada muestra en función del esfuerzo estático aplicado. En estas curvas es posible establecer tres regiones asociadas con explicaciones físicas diferentes, que permiten establecer la zona óptima de trabajo de estos materiales en condiciones particulares de uso. La rigidez de las espumas estudiadas crece con la densidad de los materiales. A partir de los ensayos es posible inferir que el mecanismo que contribuye apreciablemente al módulo de elasticidad obtenido en ensayos de indentación está relacionado con el estiramiento de las paredes de las celdas del material. Los módulos de elasticidad medidos en los ensayos de indentación resultaron ser casi independientes del diámetro del dardo. Los módulos de elasticidad obtenidos en ensayos de indentación son menores que los estimados en ensayos de compresión.
¿QUÉ RAYOS SABEMOS?
Authors: Torres-Sánchez Horacio
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo ha sido elaborado para la presentación como Miembro Correspondiente de la Academia Colombina de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Tiene un enfoque sobre la importancia del entendimiento de los fenómenos naturales como el rayo en las culturas milenarias y específicamente en las precolombinas, las cuales tenían otro lenguaje diferente al científico, pero igualmente válido para conocer y aplicar estos conocimientos. Y un segundo enfoque sobre los aportes que el grupo de investigación PAAS de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia ha hecho al entendimiento del fenómeno del rayo.
ESTUDIO TAXONÓMICO DE LOS CRUSTÁCEOS DECÁPODOS DE AGUA DULCE (TRICHODACTYLIDAE, PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE) DE CASANARE, COLOMBIA
Authors: Campos Martha R.
Published: December 2023

Se presentan los resultados del estudio taxonómico de los cangrejos de agua dulce del Casanare. Las especies pertenecen a las familias Trichodactylidae y Pseudothelphusidae. Trichodactylidae está representada por las especies: a. Forsteria venezuelensis (Rathbun, 1905) con nuevos registros para las cuencas de los ríos Upía, Caja y Cusiana, b. Moreirocarcinus emarginatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) que se registra para la cuenca del río Unete y corresponde a un nuevo registro para Casanare y c. Poppiana dentata (Randall, 1840) es también un nuevo registro para Casanare, de la cuencas de los ríos Cravo Sur y Unete. Pseudothelphusidae está representada por las especies: a. Neostrengeria celioi Campos & Pedraza, 2008, una nueva especie para Casanare, b. Neostrengeria bataensis Campos & Pedraza, 2008, originalmente descrita de Santa María, Boyacá, se registra por primera vez para Casanare y c. Eudaniela casanarensis (Campos, 2001), previamente conocida sólo de la localidad típica, extiende su distribución al piedemonte de Casanare.
ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF SOIL USE CHANGES ON SOIL MOISTURE REGIMES IN MOUNTAIN REGIONS. (CATALAN PRE-PYRENEES NE SPAIN)
Authors: Loaiza Usuga J.C. , Jarauta-Bragulat E. , Porta Casanellas J. , Poch Claret R.M.
Published: December 2023

Soil moisture regimes under different land uses were observed and modeled in a representative forest basin in the Catalonian Pre-Pyrenees, more specifically in the Ribera Salada catchment (222.5 km2). The vegetation cover in the catchment consists of pasture, tillage, and forest. A number of representative plots for each of these land cover types were intensely monitored during the study period. The annual precipitation fluctuates between 516 and 753 mm, while the soil moisture content oscillates between 14 and 26% in the middle and low lying areas of the basin, and between 21 and 48% in shady zones near the riverbed, and in the higher parts of the basin. Soil moisture and rainfall are controlled firstly by altitude, with the existence of two climatic types in the basin (sub-Mediterranean and sub-alpine), and further, by land use. Two models were applied to the estimated water moisture regimes: the Jarauta Simulation Newhall model (JSM) and the Newhall simulation model (NSM) were found to be able to predict the soil moisture regimes in the basin in the different combinations of local abiotic and biotic factors. The JSM results are more precise than the results obtained using another frequently used method, more specifically the Newhall Simulation Model (NSM), which has been developed to simulate soil moisture regimes. NSM was found to overestimate wet soil moisture regimes. The results show the importance of the moisture control section size and Available Water Capacity (AWC) of the profile, in the moisture section control state and variability. The mountain soils are dominated by ustic and occasionally xeric regimes. Land use changes leading to an increase in forest areas would imply drier soil conditions and therefore drier soil water regimes. These effects are most evident in degraded shallow and stony soils with low AWC.
¿ES SAYORNIS NIGRICANS (AVES: TYRANNIDAE) UN BUEN INDICADOR DE CALIDAD AMBIENTAL EN LA ZONA URBANA DE CALI, COLOMBIA?
Authors: Hernández Angélica , A. Estela Felipe , Chacón de Ulloa Patricia
Published: December 2023

Para determinar si el atrapamoscas guardapuentes es un buen indicador de la calidad ambiental de ríos en zonas urbanas, se estudió la especie a lo largo de la ribera del río Cali. Se registró el tipo de perchas, sustratos y frecuencia de forrajeo, se estimó el tamaño del territorio defendido por cada pareja y se caracterizó el hábitat preferido. Adicionalmente se hicieron muestreos de la artropofauna terrestre para conocer la oferta alimenticia. Los resultados sugieren que la especie no debe ser usada como indicadora de la integridad de hábitats ribereños urbanos, ya que su actividad no se ve limitada por la calidad de los mismos, su dieta es generalista y responde a una oferta determinada.
PERFORMANCE OF THE JOUYBAN-ACREEAND YALKOWSKY-ROSEMAN MODELSFOR ESTIMATING THE SOLUBILITY OFINDOMETHACIN IN ETHANOL + WATERMIXTURES
Authors: Ruidiaz Miller A. , Delgado Daniel R. , Martínez Fleming
Published: December 2023

Indomethacin (IMC) is an anti-inflammatory drug whose physiochemical properties in aqueous solutions have not been studied thoroughly. For this reason, in this work the validity of the Jouyban-Acree and Yalkowsky-Roseman models is evaluated to predict the solubility of this compound in ethanol + water cosolvent mixtures. The solubility estimation is studied as a function of temperature and cosolvent composition. Both models require only the experimental solubility values in the pure solvents at all the temperatures evaluated. The solubility calculated values by using both models deviate notoriously from experimental values in several cases.
EFECTO DE INDUCTORES DE RESISTENCIA ENEFECTO DE INDUCTORES DE RESISTENCIA EN PLÁNTULAS DE PLÁTANO DOMINICO-HARTÓN (MUSA BALBISIANA AAB) CONTRA MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP.
Authors: Mogollón Ortiz Ángela , Castaño Zapata Jairo
Published: December 2023

Se evaluó los inductores de resistencia: ácido salicílico, Acibenzolar-S-metil, ácido 2,6-dicloroisonicotinico, ácido 3-aminobutanoico y Fosfito de potasio, y los fungicidas Propiconazol y Clorotalonil en plántulas de Dominico-Hartón sobre Mycosphaerella fijiensis y M. musicola. El experimento consistió de ocho tratamientos y 20 repeticiones, en un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Los tratamientos se aplicaron al suelo a los 30, 60 y 75 días después de la siembra. Se evaluó altura de plántulas (cm), índice de severidad (%), grado de evolución de síntomas y tasa de desarrollo (r). Fosfito de potasio fue el mejor inductor porque las plántulas presentaron una altura promedio de 36,6 cm comparada con las del testigo con 29 cm; dos días de retardo en aparición de síntomas; menor tasa de desarrollo de las sigatokas (r = 0,04) y valores más bajos de evolución de los síntomas e índice de severidad, que fueron 1,4 y 6,23%, respectivamente, mientras que el testigo registró r = 0,05, 3,4 y 33,02%, respectivamente. Fosfito de potasio no presentó diferencia significativa con respecto a Propiconazol. A excepción del ácido salicílico y 2,6-dicloroisonicotinico, los otros inductores demostraron que el control de las sigatokas fue producto de la activación de los mecanismos de defensa de las plantas.
CARACTERIZACIÓN GENÉTICA DE LA POBLACIÓN EX SITU DE CROCODYLUS INTERMEDIUS PRESENTE EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Cuervo Alarcón Laura Carolina , Burbano Montenegro Consuelo
Published: December 2023

Se realizó el estudio genético de la población ex situ de Crocodylus intermedius que se encuentra en la Estación de Biología Tropical Roberto Franco, con el fin de establecer su potencial genético y los cruces adecuados para su manejo. Se emplearon primers heterólogos para la amplificación de loci microsatélite, encontrándose tres sistemas monomórficos y seis polimórficos con 2 a 16 alelos. Los adultos difieren en el número de juveniles de los cuales son padres candidatos lo que indicaría diferencias en la reproducción; 121 juveniles no tienen padres potenciales en los adultos y se consideraron de origen externo. No hubo diferencias entre He y A entre los adultos y los juveniles lo que indica que no se ha presentado una pérdida de diversidad genética. Se diseñaron cruces entre pares de individuos con un coeficiente r=0 para aumentar la heterocigosidad; es importante que todos los individuos se reproduzcan para evitar la pérdida de diversidad alélica y una diferenciación de la población exsitu con respecto a la población silvestre.
EVALUACIÓN DE INDUCTORES DE RESISTENCIA PARA EL MANEJO DE NEMATODOS FITOPARÁSITOS EN PLÁNTULAS DE PLÁTANO
Authors: Quintero-Vargas Catalina , Castaño-Zapata Jairo
Published: December 2023

Se evaluó el efecto de Fosfito de potasio, Fosetil-Al, Acibenzolar-s-metil, Ácido DL-3-aminobutírico y lixiviados de raquis de plátano, en la reducción de nematodos fitoparásitos en suelo y raíces de plántulas de plátano Dominico-Hartón y FHIA-21. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar con siete tratamientos, ocho plántulas por tratamiento, y cuatro repeticiones, incluyendo dos testigos: absoluto y relativo. Se registró la brotación, altura de plántulas, longitud de raíces, materia seca de raíces y nematodos fitoparásitos en 100 g de raíces y suelo. En todos los tratamientos ocurrió el 100% de brotación. La altura de plántulas y longitud de raíces no fue afectada negativamente por la aplicación de los inductores de resistencia, excepto en las tratadas con lixiviados de raquis que presentaron síntomas de fitotoxicidad. La materia seca de raíces aumentó a través del tiempo en los tratamientos con inductores y disminuyó en los testigos. La aplicación de los inductores de resistencia redujo significativamente las poblaciones de nematodos fitoparásitos en raíces de Dominico-Hartón entre 61 y 91% y en FHIA-21 entre 51 y 85%. En suelo la reducción en Dominico-Hartón osciló entre 42 y 78% y en FHIA-21 entre 38 y 72%. En ambos materiales de plátano, se registró Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus spp. y Meloidogyne spp.
COHERENCIA ESPACIAL DE LA LUZ EN EL ESPACIO-FASE: PROCEDIMIENTOS NO-PARAXIALES E IMPLICACIONES FÍSICAS
Authors: Castañeda Román
Published: December 2023

La representación de espacio-fase de campos ópticos en estados de coherencia espacial arbitrarios es una herramienta poderosa para determinar su propagación no-paraxial, sin restricción en distancia de propagación, tamaño de la fuente y área iluminada en el plano del detector. Este procedimiento tiene implicaciones fenomenológicas novedosas, siendo la más importante la modelación del campo óptico en términos de conjuntos discretos de fuentes puntuales radiantes y virtuales, donde el primero es obligatoriamente discreto, y el segundo representa el estado de coherencia espacial del campo. Además, sugiere un acercamiento novedoso entre las formulaciones clásica y cuántica de la óptica, conducente a nuevas áreas de estudio, al mostrar posibles correlatos clásicos de comportamientos que se han caracterizado como exclusivamente cuánticos.
MATERIALES POLIMÉRICOS EN NANOMEDICINA: TRANSPORTE Y LIBERACIÓN CONTROLADA DE FÁRMACOS.
Authors: Santa Cristiam Fernando , López Osorio Betty Lucy
Published: December 2023

La aparición de nuevas enfermedades, así como la falta de un procedimiento eficaz y menos tóxico para el tratamiento enfermedades como el cáncer, han impulsado el desarrollo de sistemas de transporte y liberación controlada de fármacos. La nanomedicina, un área de gran crecimiento durante las últimas decadas, hace uso de ensambles nanométricos (nanotransportadores) para la liberación controlada de medicamentos. Esta, no solo supera los inconvenientes de los tratamientos clásicos de las enfermedades, si no que también aporta diversas mejoras y nuevas posibilidades. El presente trabajo presenta una revisión de los principales aspectos del diseño de nanotransportadores poliméricos para la liberación controlada de medicamentos.
Elfelejtett szólások az üszög komponenssel
Authors: Forgács Tamás
Published: December 2023

Nyelvünkben mára meglehetősen ritka szóvá lett az üszög főnév, leginkább a ʼgabonákat érintő gombabetegségʼ jelentésében használjuk még, jóval ritkábban eredetibb ʼhamvadó parázsʼ értelmében. Ritkasága miatt a vele alakult frazeológiai egységek is szinte teljesen feledésbe merültek. A tanulmány ezeket igyekszik összegyűjteni régibb nyelvünkből, s törekszik arra is, hogy azok motiváltságát, a mögöttük lévő nyelvi képet is feltárja és magyarázza. Részletesebben is foglalkozik a cikk az Amint üszögölöd gyopárod, úgy ütsz belé közmondás és a Péter üti az üszögöt, jön a melegebb idő időjárási regula magyarázatával.
Magyar Nemzeti Helynévtár Program
Authors: Hoffmann István
Published: December 2023

A magyar helynévkutatás előtörténete a 19. század elején indult, és az elmúlt két évszázad alatt többször is folytak olyan munkálatok, amelyek célja a magyar helynévkincs összegyűjtése volt. A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia támogatásával létrejött Magyar Nemzeti Helynévtár Program azt a célt tűzte ki maga elé, hogy a Kárpát-medence mgyar helynévállományát teljességre törekvően összegyűjti, és a névanyagot megfelelően dokumentálva és az egyes nevek analitikus elemzését elvégezve tárja a szűkebb szakmai és a szélesebb érdeklődő közönség elé. A helynévfeltáró munka széleskörű tudományos összefogás révén valósul meg, elsősorban a térség egyetemeinek bázisán, ahol a program munkatársainak szakmai képzése és felkészítése is folyik. A munka egységes kivitelezését online tananyagok segítik. A program kiterjed a fenti térség minden magyar nyelvű településére, de Magyarország területén emellett a kisebbségi nyelvek névhasználatára is. Az élőnyelvi helynévanyag mellett tekintettel van a történeti források helynévadataira is, egészen a magyar írásbeliség kezdetéig visszanyúlóan. A helynevek tudományos felhasználhatóságának sokszínűségéből adódóan a program szükségszerűen multi- és interdiszciplináris jellegét a munkatársi gárda szakmai összetétele biztosítja. Az évtizedes időszakra tervezett program online adatbázisok és nyomtatott könyvek formájában is közzéteszi a helyneveket, megújítva és jelentősen bővítve ezzel a helyneveket forrásként felhasználó tudományok teljes forrásbázisát.
Nagyító alatt a 2022-es olasz parlamenti választások
Authors: Tanács-Mandák Fanni
Published: December 2023

The 2022 parliamentary elections marked a turning point for the Italian political system in many ways. As a result of the measures approved and introduced over the past almost ten years to change the electoral system (electoral reforms, decisions of the Constitutional Court, constitutional amendments, parliamentary reforms, etc.), Italian voters had the opportunity to elect the new members of both chambers of the parliament under the same electoral system, for the first time in the Republican era. The purpose of the article is to present the steps leading to this historic moment by analysing in detail the different measures affecting the electoral system and their impact. The paper then describes the electoral results and explains the processes leading to the vast victory of Italy’s first female Prime Minister, with a particular focus on the return to the bipolar logic favoured by the electoral system following the release of the three-pole system in 2013.
La futura Autoridad Independiente para la Igualdad de Trato y la No Discriminación: diseño institucional para una prestación de asistencia independiente y efectiva
Authors: García-Juan Laura , Benedí-Lahuerta Sara , Alonso-Calderón Xavier
Published: December 2023

El derecho de la Unión Europea ha impulsado la implantación de Organismos de Igualdad, pero muchos de ellos tienen dificultades prácticas para ejercer sus competencias eficazmente. En España, el Consejo para la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial o Étnica (CEDRE) presta la función clave de asistir jurídicamente a las víctimas de discriminación, pero con considerables obstáculos debidos a su falta de independencia jurídica y de recursos. Dos recientes iniciativas normativas españolas y europeas deberían actuar como revulsivos para mejorar el diseño institucional del CEDRE y el desempeño de su función asistencial. Este trabajo analiza dichas iniciativas y su relevancia en el contexto español. Proponemos un nuevo diseño institucional para el futuro Organismo de Igualdad español utilizando la experiencia del CEDRE y aprovechando la descentralización de la Administración española que garantizaría la prestación de asistencia jurídica a víctimas de forma independiente y efectiva.Recibido: 25 septiembre 2023 Aceptado: 14 noviembre 2023
Diferencias de trato en los Estados miembros ante la afluencia masiva de personas desplazadas y solicitantes de protección internacional ¿Discriminación o aplicación justificada del Derecho de la Unión?
Authors: Durán Ruiz Francisco Javier
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar si las diferencias de trato en los distintos Estados miembros y las disfunciones e incumplimientos de las normas del Sistema Común Europeo de Asilo, así como las distintas soluciones adoptadas por la Unión Europea frente a personas solicitantes de protección internacional en supuestos de afluencia masiva de personas desplazadas, suponen una discriminación contraria a la Convención de Ginebra, a la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la UE o la Directiva 2000/43/CE, de igualdad de trato de las personas independientemente de su origen racial o étnico, o bien están justificadas por las normas de la UE. Para ello se analizan en primer lugar algunas diferencias de trato en el Sistema Común Europeo de Asilo en función del origen nacional de los solicitantes y el Estado miembro de solicitud; posteriormente profundizamos en la Decisión del Consejo de la aplicación de la Directiva de Protección Temporal a los nacionales ucranianos desplazados por la guerra, determinando si su inaplicación en situaciones similares como la crisis de Bielorrusia o la guerra de Siria constituye un trato discriminatorio, así como la exclusión de su ámbito de aplicación a ciertos grupos de personas extracomunitarias necesitadas de protección internacional. Finalmente, se analiza si el “Reglamento de crisis” propuesto en el Nuevo Pacto de Migración y Asilo de la UE, aporta soluciones frente a estos supuestos de diferencia de trato o discriminación.Recibido: 25 septiembre 2023 Aceptado: 19 noviembre 2023
Laise, Luciano, Cómo argumentar un caso penal, Hammurabi, Buenos Aires, 2023, 182 pp., ISBN 978-987-805-457-5
Authors: Acosta Yparraguirre Eduardo
Published: December 2023

Emprender un libro titulado “Cómo argumentar un caso penal” es cuando menos arriesgado. Tal denominación refiere una actividad realizada por tantos profesionales del Derecho que implica convencerlos de virar hacia otros objetivos y persuadirlos de abrazarlos. Es una empresa ambiciosa.