bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome‑wide identification, organization, and expression profiles of the chicken fibroblast growth factor genes in public databases and Vietnamese indigenous Ri chickens against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection
Authors: Truong Anh Duc , Tran Ha Thi Thanh , Chu Nhu Thi , Nguyen Huyen Thi , Vu Thi Hao , Hong Yeojin , Song Ki-Duk , Dang Hoang Vu , Hong Yeong Ho
Published: November 2022

Objective: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play critical roles in embryo development, and immune responses to infectious diseases. In this study, to investigate the roles of FGFs, we performed genome-wide identification, expression, and functional analyses of FGF family members in chickens.Methods: Chicken FGFs genes were identified and analyzed by using bioinformatics approach. Expression profiles and Hierarchical cluster analysis of the FGFs genes in different chicken tissues were obtained from the genome-wide RNA-seq.Results: A total of 20 FGF genes were identified in the chicken genome, which were classified into seven distinct groups (A-F) in the phylogenetic tree. Gene structure analysis revealed that members of the same clade had the same or similar exon-intron structure. Chromosome mapping suggested that FGF genes were widely dispersed across the chicken genome and were located on chromosomes 1, 4-6, 9-10, 13, 15, 28, and Z. In addition, the interactions among FGF proteins and between FGFs and mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins are limited, indicating that the remaining functions of FGF proteins should be further investigated in chickens. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis showed that FGF gene interacts with MAPK genes and are involved in stimulating signaling pathway and regulating immune responses. Furthermore, this study identified 15 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in 21 different growth stages during early chicken embryo development. RNA-sequencing data identified the DEG of FGFs on 1- and 3-days post infection in two indigenous Ri chicken lines infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 (HPAIV). Finally, all the genes examined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and RNA-Seq analyses showed similar responses to HPAIV infection in indigenous Ri chicken lines (R2 = 0.92– 0.95, p<0.01).Conclusion: This study provides significant insights into the potential functions of FGFs in chickens, including the regulation of MAPK signaling pathways and the immune response of chickens to HPAIV infections.
Effects of lactic acid bacteria fermented feed and three types of lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, B. animalis) on intestinal microbiota and T cell polarization (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) in the intestinal lymph nodes and spleens of rats
Authors: Yu Da Yoon , Oh Sang-Hyon , Kim In Sung , Kim Gwang Il , Kim Jeong A , Moon Yang Soo , Jang Jae Cheol , Lee Sang Suk , Jung Jong Hyun , Park Hwa Chun , Cho Kwang Keun
Published: November 2022

Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of Rubus coreanus-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermented feed (RC-LAB fermented feed) and three types of LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis) on the expression of transcription factors and cytokines in Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in the intestinal lymph nodes and spleens of rats. In addition, the effect on intestinal microbiota composition and body weight was investigated.Methods: Five-week-old male rats were assigned to five treatments and eight replicates. The expression of transcription factors and cytokines of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in the intestinal lymph nodes and spleens was analyzed using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Intestinal tract microbiota compositions were analyzed by next-generation sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays.Results: RC-LAB fermented feed and three types of LAB increased the expression of transcription factors and cytokines in Th1, Treg cells and Galectin-9, but decreased in Th2 and Th17 cells. In addition, the intestinal microbiota composition changed, the body weight and Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio decreased, and the relative abundance of LAB increased.Conclusion: LAB fermented feed and three types of LAB showed an immune modulation effect by inducing T cell polarization and increased LAB in the intestinal microbiota.
Effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, fecal microbiota, fecal score, and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs
Authors: Goh Tae Wook , Kim Hong Jun , Moon Kunyong , Kim Cheon Soo , Kim Yoo Yong
Published: November 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, fecal microbiota, fecal score, and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs.Methods: A total of 200 weaning pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 7.64±0.741 kg were allotted to five treatment groups and were divided based on sex and initial BW in four replicates with ten pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets included a corn‒soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E. The pigs were fed the diets for 6 weeks. A total of 15 barrows were used to evaluate the nutrient digestibility by the total collection method. The BW and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase, and fecal samples were collected at the end of the experiment.Results: The addition of β-glucan with vitamin E to weaning pig feed increased BW, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake. A significant decrease in yeast and mold and Proteobacteria and a tendency for Lactobacillus to increase compared to the control was shown when 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E were added. The fecal score in weaning pigs was lower in the treatments supplemented with 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E compared to the control. In addition, vitamin E was better supplied to weaning pigs by increasing the concentration of α-tocopherol in the blood of weaning pigs when 0.02% vitamin E was supplemented. However, there was no significant difference in either the immune response or nutrient digestibility.Conclusion: Inclusion of 0.1% β-Glucan with 0.02% vitamin E in a weaning pig’s diet were beneficial to the growth performance of weaning pigs by improving intestinal microbiota and reducing the incidence of diarrhea.
Conceptus-derived cytokines interleukin-1β and interferon-γ induce the expression of acute phase protein serum amyloid A3 in endometrial epithelia at the time of conceptus implantation in pigs
Authors: Lee Soohyung , Yoo Inkyun , Cheon Yugyeong , Ka Hakhyun
Published: November 2022

Objective: Serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), an acute phase response protein, plays important roles in opsonization, antimicrobial activity, chemotactic activity, and immunomodulation, but its expression, regulation, and function at the maternal–conceptus interface in pigs are not fully understood. Therefore, we determined the expression of SAA3 in the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and at the maternal–conceptus interface during pregnancy.Methods: Endometrial tissues from pigs at various stages of the estrous cycle and pregnancy and with conceptuses derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), conceptus tissues during early pregnancy, and chorioallantoic tissues during mid- to late pregnancy were obtained and the expression of SAA3 was analyzed. The effects of the steroid hormones, interleukin-1β (IL1B), and interferon-γ (IFNG) on the expression of SAA3 were determined in endometrial explant cultures.Results: SAA3 was expressed in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, with the highest level on day 12 of pregnancy. The expression of SAA3 in the endometrium was significantly higher on day 12 of pregnancy than during the estrous cycle. Early-stage conceptuses and chorioallantoic tissues during mid to late pregnancy also expressed SAA3. The expression of SAA3 was primarily localized to luminal epithelial cells in the endometrium. In endometrial explant cultures, the expression of SAA3 was induced by increasing doses of IL1B and IFNG. Furthermore, the expression of SAA3 decreased significantly in the endometria of pigs carrying conceptuses derived from SCNT on day 12 of pregnancy.Conclusion: These results suggest that the expression of SAA3 in the endometrium during the implantation period increases in response to conceptus-derived IL1B and IFNG. The failure of those appropriate interactions between the implanting conceptus and the endometrium leads to dysregulation of endometrial SAA3 expression, which could result in pregnancy failure. In addition, SAA3 could be a specific endometrial epithelial marker for conceptus implantation in pigs.
PLANTAS MEDICINALES EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE ENFERMEDADES CULTURALES SEGÚN LA COSMOVISIÓN DE SANADORES Y POBLADORES
Authors: Andrango Quisaguano Nataly Paola , Fernández Nieto Miriam Ivonne
Published: November 2022

El uso de plantas medicinales para tratar las enfermedades culturales, son consideradas un ejesignificativo dentro del sistema sanitario para contribuir al acceso y cobertura universal desalud. Objetivo: Determinar las plantas medicinales más utilizadas en el tratamiento de lasenfermedades culturales de acuerdo a la cosmovisión de los pobladores y sanadores frente alproceso salud enfermedad. Método: estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo noexperimental, de corte transversal, muestreo por conveniencia a 50 jefes de hogar y 4curanderos de la localidad a quienes se aplicó dos tipos de encuestas. Resultados: la mayorparte de la población en estudio opta por automedicarse con plantas medicinales de la localidadante la presencia de enfermedades de tipo espiritual. Conclusión: los métodos de sanación dela comunidad Rasuyacu Corazón son las limpias e infusiones con plantas medicinales nativascomo; ortiga, chilco, ruda, marco, santa maría, sábila, hojas de mellocos y habas.
Repercusiones en el pasante de Enfermería en medio de la pandemia mundial por SARS-COV2
Authors: Dorantes Escobedo Guadalupe , Concha Iparra Alejandra
Published: November 2022

Introducción: Los pasantes de enfermería participaron en la lucha contra el SARS-COV 2generando repercusiones en su vida profesional, educativa y personal. Metodología: Estudiocuantitativo y descriptivo aplicado a 80 pasantes de Enfermería durante el año 2020 al 2021 enPuebla, México. Objetivo: Determinar desde la perspectiva del pasante de Enfermería lasrepercusiones en su entorno personal, profesional y social debido a la pandemia por SARSCOV 2. Resultados: El nivel de atención de Enfermería más frecuente fue en el primer nivel(42.5%). En el cual, 26 pasantes enfrentaron dificultades psicológicas por la pérdida de unpaciente (32.5%), 44 afirmaron que su aprendizaje fue afectado por la pandemia (55%).Además, las emociones negativas más frecuentes fueron ansiedad (14.0%) y frustración(11.9%). Conclusión: Los pasantes de enfermería manifestaron cambios educativos, socialesy psicológicos por la pandemia COVID-19.
Producción académica sobre el consumo de drogas (positivistas e interpretativos) 2015 a 2020: Estudio Bibliométrico
Authors: Acosta Ernesto Gabriel Reimundo , Flores Omar Gerardo , Chañi Laura Belén de los Ángeles , Cancinos Maira Micaela del Carmen , Ceballos Josefa
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Describir las características de los artículos que estudian el consumo de drogas enSCIELO y REDALYC, entre 2015 a 2020. Metodología: Estudio bajo el paradigmapositivista, diseño bibliométrico, descriptivo, con nivel de análisis macro, de corte transversal.El universo de estudio, fueron las publicaciones de acceso libre en SCIELO y REDALYC.Resultados: en cuanto a los buscadores académicos, Scielo presentó 71% y Redalyc el 29% deartículos originales. En español se encontró 79%, en portugués 14% y en inglés 7%. Según losaños de publicaciones, en 2016 fueron 28%, en 2018 un 21%, en 2020, 2019 y 2015 un 14%.El año con menor publicación fue el 2017 con el 7%. El 71% trabajo bajo el paradigmapositivista, mientras que el 29% empleo en el paradigma interpretativo. Conclusiones: Seevidencio la importancia de estudiar el consumo de drogas en diferentes etapas de la vida, conparadigmas positivista e interpretativo.
RESILIENCIA ESTUDIANTIL EN TIEMPOS COVID-19
Authors: Díaz Jurado Lady Carolina
Published: November 2022

En la actualidad, la fatiga y el insomnio que viven es por la adaptación a la nueva normalidad, muchos aprendieron a despedirse con cariño de sus amigos, otros fueron estudiantes pandemiales y aunque este término no es reconocido, lo menciono porque hace relación a aquellos que nunca habían pisado el campus, ahora se movilizan por pasillos y salones como si siempre hubieran estado allí. La mal llamada generación de cristal nos demostró que debemos aprender a ser resilientes frente a los cambios que debemos aprender y desaprender.
EDUCACIÓN VIRTUAL Y RETOS A LOS QUE SE ENFRENTAN LOS/AS INTERNOS ROTATIVOS/AS
Authors: Calvache-Arias Pamela Abigail , Fernández-Nieto Miriam Ivonne
Published: November 2022

Introducción: Debido a la pandemia por el SARS-Cov-2, las instituciones de educaciónsuperior se vieron en la necesidad de implementar alternativas para continuar con el procesode enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Ambatotuvieron que adaptarse a nuevos desafíos dentro de su formación. Objetivo: Identificar los retosa los que se enfrentaron los Internos Rotativos de Enfermería, como consecuencia de laeducación virtual. Metodología: Enfoque cualitativo de corte transversal, con diseñofenomenológico, aplicando una entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: El 80% de losInternos Rotativos de Enfermería entrevistados mencionan enfrentar miedo al acercarse alpaciente y que la modalidad virtual no permitió desarrollar las habilidades y destrezasnecesarias para realizar una práctica profesional. Consideración final: La falta de prácticadentro del ámbito hospitalario y laboratorios de simulación clínica afecta la formaciónprofesional y se refleja en el miedo para realizar los procedimientos necesarios dentro delcuidado directo hacia los pacientes.
Conversatorio: Experiencias de Enfermería en la Practica Avanzada en las Unidades de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias en Latinoamérica y España
Authors: Arteaga-Cordova Maryuri Ibeth , Canales-Bonilla Lucia Alejandra
Published: November 2022

Introducción: En el aniversario del nacimiento de Florence Nightingale en el día Internacional de laEnfermería, los maestrandos del posgrado de enfermería en cuidados críticos y urgencias de laUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras Tegucigalpa, organiza el conversatorio conenfermeras(os) de Latinoamérica y España, Objetivo: Conocer las Experiencias de Enfermería en laPráctica Avanzada en las Unidades de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias, con el fin de sensibilizar la laborde enfermería. Metodología: El evento fue completamente gratuito, desarrollado el día 11 de mayo del2022, con una duración de 180 minutos. Se realizo de manera virtual con transmisión en Vivo a travésde la página del Posgrado de Enfermería/UNAH, en la plataforma de Zoom, esto permitió ver a lospanelistas en trasmisión en vivo. Se contó con la participación de representantes de enfermería; paísescomo Argentina, Ecuador, El Salvador, España y el país sede Honduras. Se realizó una inscripción através del formulario de Google. El evento contó con el respaldo de miembros de la campaña UNursingLatAm de Growing Up Foundation de Colombia, la Revista Unidad Sanitaria XXI deArgentina, la Red de Investigación ReLEdEn y La Academia de Educación Superior LatinoaméricaACESLatinoamérica de Ecuador.
Jornada Científica: Dia Mundial de la Sepsis 2021 en El Salvador
Authors: Tamayo-Ortiz Jose Luis
Published: November 2022

Introducción: La Sepsis es una urgencia médica que si no se controla a tiempo puede evolucionar aShock Séptico, donde las alteraciones circulatorias y metabólicas aumentan el riesgo de muerte enquienes la padecen. Objetivo: Promover distintas iniciativas contra la Sepsis a nivel hospitalario,nacional y de la región, así impactar no solo a la comunidad médica sino también a la población engeneral. Metodología: El evento fue completamente gratuito, desarrollado el 13 de septiembre del 2021,con una duración de 120 minutos, fue realizado en el Hospital El Salvador en modalidad presencial ytransmitido en vivo. El evento científico duró aproximadamente 180 minutos. Resultados: Losexpositores fueron médicos que trabajan en distintas instituciones de El Salvador, y se contó con laintervención internacional. La transmisión en vivo fue a través de Facebook Live de Proyecto Sepsis ElSalvador, usando la plataforma StreamYard, logrando una interacción en tiempo real entre los panelistasy los asistentes presenciales y virtuales de El Salvador y otros países de Latinoamérica. La inscripciónse realizó a través de un formulario electrónico. El evento contó con el respaldo de representantes delHospital El Salvador, Hospital Nacional Rosales, Hospital San Rafael, Instituto Seguro Social y LaAcademia de Educación Superior Latinoamérica ACESLatinoamérica. Conclusiones: La unión dedistintos actores a nivel hospitalario, nacional en El Salvador e internacional para realizar formacióncontinua, es una estrategia efectiva en la lucha contra la Sepsis
Cells Gone Wild: A Case Report on Missed Acute Leukemia and Subsequent Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in the Emergency Department
Authors: Okorji Onyinyechukwu , Kern Rachael , Klein Shaylor , Jordan Brian , Kaur Kuljit
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Emergency physicians must maintain a broad differential when seeing patients in the emergency department (ED). Occasionally, a patient may have an undiagnosed, life-threatening medical condition not related to the presenting chief complaint. It is imperative to review all ordered laboratory tests and any available previous laboratory values to assess for any abnormalities that may warrant further evaluation.

Case Report: This case report is regarding the missed diagnosis of acute leukemia and subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation in a 27-year-old male who presented to multiple EDs with the unrelated chief complaint of finger ring entrapment. This patient ultimately succumbed to his illness.

Conclusion: When evaluating patients in the ED, it is important to review any prior available test results for abnormalities, even if the results do not specifically correlate with the chief complaint. Emergency physicians must remain vigilant to avoid missing a critical diagnosis.
Management and Outcome of COVID-19 Positive and Negative Patients in French Emergency Departments During the First COVID-19 Outbreak: A Prospective Controlled Cohort Study
Authors: Douplat Marion , Gavoille Antoine , Subtil Fabien , Haesebaert Julie , Jacquin Laurent , Durand Guillaume , Lega Jean-Christophe , Perpoint Thomas , Potinet Veronique , Berthiller Julien , Perreton Nathalie , Tazarourte Karim
Published: November 2022

ntroduction: Few studies have investigated the management of COVID-19 cases from the operational perspective of the emergency department (ED), We sought to compare the management and outcome of COVID-19 positive and negative patients who presented to French EDs.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study in four EDs. Included in the study were adult patients (≥18 years) between March 6–May 10, 2020, were hospitalized, and whose presenting symptoms were evocative of COVID-19. We compared the clinical features, management, and prognosis of patients according to their confirmed COVID-19 status.

Results: Of the 2,686 patients included in this study, 760 (28.3%) were COVID-19 positive. Among them, 364 (48.0%) had hypertension, 228 (30.0%) had chronic cardiac disease, 186 (24.5%) had diabetes, 126 (16.6%) were obese, and 114 (15.0%) had chronic respiratory disease. The proportion of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) was higher among COVID-19 positive patients (185/760, 24.3%) compared to COVID-19 negative patients (206/1,926, 10.7%; P <0.001), and they required mechanical ventilation (89, 11.9% vs 37, 1.9%; P <0.001) and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (135, 18.1% vs 41, 2.2%; P < 0.001) more frequently. The in-hospital mortality was significantly higher among COVID-19 positive patients (139, 18.3% vs 149, 7.7%; P <0.001).

Conclusion: Emergency departments were on the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic and had to manage potential COVID-19 patients. Understanding what happened in the ED during this first outbreak is crucial to underline the importance of flexible organizations that can quickly adapt the bed capacities to the incoming flow of COVID-19 positive patients.
Are Oblique Views Necessary? A Review of the Clinical Value of Oblique Knee Radiographs in the Acute Setting
Authors: Bradley Alexander , Adler Jeremy , Curtis Daniel , Nwaudo Darlington , Gayed Matthew , Wallace Sara , Athiviraham Aravind
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the added clinical value of oblique knee radiographs four-view (4V) compared to orthogonal anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs in a two-view (2V) series.

Methods: We obtained 200 adult, 4V knee radiographs in 200 patients in the ED and randomly divided them into two groups with 100 series in each group. Ten reviewers — three musculoskeletal radiologists and seven orthopedic surgeons — performed radiograph analyses. These reviewers were randomly divided evenly into group one and group two. Reviewers were blinded to patient data and first reviewed 2V radiographs (AP/lateral) only, and then reviewed 4V radiographs, including AP/lateral, and two additional oblique views for the same patients at least four weeks later. Acute pathology identification and the need for further imaging was assessed for all reviewers, and clinical decision-making (operative vs nonoperative treatment, need for admission, need for additional imaging) was assessed only by the seven orthopaedic surgeon reviewers.

Results: Mean sensitivity for pathology identification was 79% with 2V and 81% with 4V (P =0.25). Intra-observer kappa value was 0.81 (range 0.54-1.00). Additional oblique radiographs led orthopaedic reviewers to change their treatment recommendations in 62/329 patients (18.84%) (P <0.001). Eight of 329 radiographic series were identified as “critical misses.” (2.43%) (P =0.004), when pathology was reported as normal or reviewers recommended nonoperative treatment on 2V radiographs but changed their recommendation to operative management after the addition of oblique radiographs. The number needed to treat (NNT) for any treatment change and for “critical misses” was 83 and 643, respectively.

Conclusion: Although the addition of oblique radiographs may improve a clinician’s ability to identify subtle pathologic findings not identified on 2V, it rarely leads to significant changes in treatment recommendations. Given the high NNT, limiting the usage of these oblique radiographs in the general patient population may reduce costs without significantly affecting patient care.
Zinc Deficiency: The Association with Vitamin B12 in People of Different Ages
Authors: Mousavi Khadije , Moradzadegan Atousa
Published: November 2022

Background: Zinc and vitamin B12 are the foremost important micronutrients. About a quarter of Iranian households have a zinc deficiency. Objectives: Considering the importance of these micronutrients, this study aimed to investigate the association between zinc deficiency and vitamin B12 in people of different ages who had their blood tested in the Pasteur laboratory in Ahvaz. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum levels of zinc and vitamin B12 were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and electro-chemiluminescence, respectively. Then, samples were divided into normal and zinc-deficient groups based on serum zinc levels. Serum vitamin B12 levels were also compared between two defined groups. The correlation between age and both zinc and vitamin B12 were determined through statistical tests. Results: In 60.5% of samples, serum zinc was lower than in the normal group. However, the two groups had no statistically significant difference in zinc levels (P = 0.085). Findings showed that with increasing one year of age, serum zinc level decreases by 0.13 units, and serum level of vitamin B12 increases by 0.19 units. Although the serum level of vitamin B12 in the group with normal zinc levels was higher than in the zinc-deficient group, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.743). Conclusions: Zinc and Vitamin B12 serum levels can have a clinically positive correlation, and zinc deficiency might be effective in manipulating vitamin B12 status in the body.
Azole Resistance in Candida albicans Isolates from Oropharyngeal Candidiasis is Associated with ERG11 Mutation and Efflux Overexpression
Authors: Jahanshiri Zahra , Manifar Soheila , Arastehnazar Fatemeh , Hatami Farahnaz , Lotfali Ensieh
Published: November 2022

Background: Azole resistance rates are rising in Candida species. Fluconazole is one of the most important antifungal drugs used in candidiasis treatment. Objectives: We identified the molecular mechanisms of fluconazole resistance of Candida albicans oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) isolates obtained from head and neck cancer patients, a study carried out between 2018 and 2020. Methods: One hundred and twenty-five C. albicans clinical isolates were collected. Antifungal susceptibilities were determined by the CLSI- M27-A3 method. The ERG11 gene was amplified and sequenced to discover SNP mutation. Moreover, real-time PCR was carried out to measure the mRNA levels of ERG11, CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1. Results: Resistance to fluconazole was found in 15 C. albicans isolates. Amino acid substitutions E266D and D116E were observed in resistant, sensitive dose-dependent (SDD), and susceptible C. albicans isolates. K128T, G465S, A114S, Y257H and V488I were in relation to fluconazole resistance. D504A, P375A, W520C, G59S, and V51L were novel substitutions detected in the isolates; except for D504A, other mutations were observed only in resistance isolates. The expression levels of CDR2, CDR1, MDR1, and ERG11 were increased compared to susceptible isolates, respectively. Conclusions: ERG11 mutation was the principal mechanism for fluconazole resistance in C. albicans isolated from oropharyngeal candidiasis patients, and caspofungin can be used as the effective antifungal substance in fluconazole resistance situation for C. albicans infection.
Comparison Between Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and Retrograde Flexible Nephrolithotripsy in Obese Patients with 2 - 4 cm Renal Stones
Authors: Hamidi Morteza , Tamehri Zadeh Seyed Saeed , Samadi Ali , Namdari Farshad , Khajavi Alireza , Fakhr Yasseri Alimohammad , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
Published: November 2022

Background: Nowadays, because of remarkable advancements in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), modest attention toward this procedure as the second or alternative choice for renal stones treatment has been drawn. Objectives: In the present study, we compared RIRS and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) outcomes in treating obese patients with 2 - 4 cm renal stones. Methods: Eighty-two patients who underwent PCNL (n = 40) and RIRS (n = 42) between June 2015 and December 2018 at the Department of Urology of Sina Hospital were enrolled in our retrospective cohort study. Results: After the first surgery session, stone-free rates for the RIRS group were 92.9% and for the PCNL group was 95% (P value = 0.52). The mean operation time for the RIRS and PCNL groups were 71.6 ± 11 and 93.3 ± 12.2, respectively (P < 0.001). The hospitalization stay for all of the PCNL group was more than 1 day (mean = 2.5 days); however, that for the majority of the RIRS group was less than 1 day (P < 0.001). The analgesic use in the RIRS group was significantly lower than in the PCNL group (9.0 ± 5.5, 61.8 ± 13.6, respectively; P < 0.001). The overall complication rates were higher in the RIRS group. However, none of them were statically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: According to satisfactory outcomes obtained in the RIRS groups, it can be concluded that RIRS can be applied as an alternative or even the first choice in obese patients with 2 - 4 cm renal stones.
Sixteen years progress in recanalization of chronic carotid artery occlusion: A comprehensive review
Authors: Artem Stanishevskiy , Konstantin Babichev , Alexander Savello , Shamil Gizatullin , Dmitriy Svistov , Denis Davydov
Published: November 2022

Objective: Although chronic carotid artery occlusion seems to be associated with significant risk of ischemic stroke, revascularization techniques are neither well established nor widespread. In contrast, extracranial-intracranial bypass is common despite the lack of evidence regarding neurological improvement or prevention of ischemic events. The aim of current review is to evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of recanalization of chronic carotid artery occlusion.Methods: Comprehensive literature search through PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science databases performed. Various parameters were assessed among patients underwent surgical, endovascular and hybrid recanalization for chronic carotid artery occlusion.Results: 40 publications from 2005 to 2021 with total of more than 1300 cases of revascularization of chronic carotid artery occlusion have been reviewed. Further parameters were assessed among patients underwent surgical, endovascular and hybrid recanalization for chronic carotid artery occlusion: mean age, male to female ratio, mean duration of occlusion before treatment, rate of successful recanalization, frequency of restenosis and reocclusion, prevalence of ischemic stroke postoperatively, neurological or other symptoms improvement and complications. Based on proposed through reviewed literature indications for revascularization and predictive factors of various recanalizing procedures, an algorithm for clinical decision making have been formulated.Conclusions: Although treatment of chronic carotid artery occlusion remains challenging, current literature suggests revascularization as single option for verified neurological improvement and prevention of ischemic events. Surgical and endovascular procedures should be taken into account when treating patients with symptomatic chronic carotid artery occlusion.
Metadata-driven Data Migration from Object-relational Database to NoSQL Document-oriented Database
Authors: Aggoune Aicha , Namoune Mohamed Sofiane
Published: November 2022

The object-relational databases (ORDB) are powerful for managing complex data, but they suffer from problems of scalability and managing large-scale data. Therefore, the importance of the migration of ORDB to NoSQL derives from the fact that the large volume of data can be handled in the best way with high scalability and availability. This paper reports our metadata-driven approach for the migration of the ORDB to document-oriented NoSQL database. Our data migration approach involves three major stages: a preprocessing stage, to extract the data and the schema's components, a processing stage, to provide the data transformation, and a post-processing stage, to store the migrated data as BSON documents. The approach maintains the benefits of Oracle ORDB in NoSQL MongoDB by supporting integrity constraint checking. To validate our approach, we developed OR2DOD (Object Relational to Document-Oriented Databases) system, and the experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our proposal.
FPGA based secure and noiseless image transmission using LEA and optimized bilateral filter
Authors: Hebbale Mr. Sunil B , Akula Giridhar , Baraki Parashuram
Published: November 2022

In today’s world, the transmission of secured and noiseless image is a difficult task. Therefore, effective strategies are important to secure the data or secret image from the attackers. Besides, denoising approaches are important to obtain noise-free images. For this, an effective crypto-steganography method based on Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (LEA) and Modified Least Significant Bit (MLSB) method for secured transmission is proposed. Moreover, a bilateral filter-based Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is used for image denoising. Before image transmission, the secret image is encrypted by the LEA algorithm and embedded into the cover image using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and MLSB technique. After the image transmission, the extraction process is performed to recover the secret image. Finally, a bilateral filter-WOA is used to remove the noise from the secret image. The Verilog code for the proposed model is designed and simulated in Xilinx software. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed filtering technique has superior performance than conventional bilateral filter and Gaussian filter in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM).
Modeling and Analysis of Probabilistic Real-time Systems through Integrating Event-B and Probabilistic Model Checking
Authors: Debbi Hichem
Published: November 2022

Event-B is a formal method used in the development of safety critical systems. However, these systems may introduce uncertainty, and need also to meet real-time requirements, which make their modeling and analysis a challenging task. Existing works on extending Event-B with probability and time did not address both probability and time in a single framework. Besides, they did focus the most on extending the language itself, not on integrating the extended Event-B with verification. In this paper, we aim to represent both probability and time in the Event-B language, and we will show how such a representation can be automatically translated into Probabilistic Timed Automata (PTA) described in the language of the probabilistic model checker PRISM. This translation would allow us to analyze probabilistic, as well as time-bounded probabilistic reachability properties of probabilistic real-time systems through the Probabilistic Timed CTL (PTCTL) logic.
Dynamic Fuzzy Model to Detect Verbal Violence in Real Time
Authors: Campos Obed , Pancardo Garcia Pablo , Hernandez Nolasco Jose Adan
Published: November 2022

The crime rates in Mexico have been increasing in recent years, every day there are news on social media and in the news where assaults and verbal aggressions by criminals can be seen. Public transportation units suffer from violence that authorities have not been able to reduce, despite their efforts. That is why we have developed a fuzzy logic model that can adapt to almost any scenario thanks to the dynamism that we have implemented in each one of its stages. We have obtained promising results that we believe will be of great help to the authorities in the police headquarters to detect in real time the exact moment in which a verbal aggression typical of a violent assault is happening. This is a tool to help the authorities, not a substitution; making use of the latest technologies available to us.
Group Membership Management Framework for Decentralized Collaborative Systems
Authors: Opiola Lukasz , Jarosz Kamil , Dutka Łukasz , Słota Renata G. , Kitowski Jacek
Published: November 2022

Scientific and commercial endeavors could benefit from cross-organizational, decentralized collaboration, which becomes the key to innovation. This work addresses one of its challenges, namely efficient access control to assets for distributed data processing among autonomous data centers. We propose a group membership management framework dedicated for realizing access control in decentralized environments. Its novelty lies in a synergy of two concepts: a decentralized knowledge base and an incremental indexing scheme, both assuming a P2P architecture, where each peer retains autonomy and has full control over the choice of peers it cooperates with. The extent of exchanged information is reduced to the minimum required for user collaboration and assumes limited trust between peers. The indexing scheme is optimized for read-intensive scenarios by offering fast queries -- look-ups in precomputed indices. The index precomputation increases the complexity of update operations, but their performance is arguably sufficient for large organizations, as shown by conducted tests. We believe that our framework is a major contribution towards decentralized, cross-organizational collaboration.
Patients treated with suspected stroke: analysis of the association between diagnosis and clinical outcome / Pacientes atendidos com suspeita de acidente vascular encefálico: análise de associação entre diagnóstico e desfecho clínico
Authors: Dantas Bruno Araújo da Silva , Almeida Larissa Amorim , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos , Cavalcante Cleonice Andréa Alves
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: verificar a associação entre o diagnóstico e desfechos clínicos em casos suspeitos de Acidente Vascular Encefálico, atendidos no pronto-socorro de um hospital de alta complexidade. Método: estudo transversal e observacional, com dados secundários e abordagem quantitativa, realizado sobre atendimentos de pacientes com suspeita de Acidente Vascular Encefálico isquêmico ou hemorrágico durante seis meses. Resultados: do total de 50 atendimentos, observou-se que entre os diagnósticos de Acidente Vascular Encefálico, destacaram-se o isquêmico com 18 casos (36%) e o hemorrágico com cinco (10%), sendo que este representou a maior proporção de óbitos, com o total de três (6%). Dentro da amostra, 24 (48%) não tiveram confirmação de AVE, sem qualquer ocorrência de óbito (p-valor= 0,001). Conclusão: observou-se na amostra a associação entre o diagnóstico de Acidente Vascular Encefálico e seu desfecho clínico, com a alta hospitalar como principal desfecho, porém com um alto percentual de óbitos.
Adjustment for Baseline Characteristics in Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Holmberg Mathias J. , Andersen Lars W.
Published: November 2022

This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of the use of adjustment for baseline characteristics in the analysis of randomized clinical trials and emphasizes several important considerations.
Optimal control of TABS using a combined method of MPC and heat load prediction
Authors: Koga Kiyoto , Shiraishi Yasuyuki
Published: November 2022

Thermally activated building systems (TABS), which use the building frame as a radiative and thermal storage site, have attracted attention as a means of achieving a thermal environment in office spaces that combines comfort and energy conservation. However, TABS have a large thermal capacity and a slow thermal response, making it desirable to introduce a control method based on model predictive control (MPC). There are problems with this method, such as its inability to predict periodic fluctuations in thermal load. Therefore, in this study, we propose a control method combining MPC and heat load prediction using a Neural Network, a type of supervised learning in machine learning, for an office space with TABS. The method was validated by co‐simulation using CFD and MATLAB/Simulink on a one‐span (7.20 × 7.20 × 3.87 m) TABS model. As a result, the proposed method reduced the integrated water flow rate and improved the energy performance while improving the control performance.
Ploidy Variation in Plants
Authors: Birchler James A
Published: November 2022

Evidence from genome sequences of many plant species indicate that all plants have had a cyclical history of doubling of chromosome numbers, followed by gene deletions back to a near diploid level. Recent cases of increases in genome copy number in which the different versions are closely related are generally considered to comprise ploidy variation. Ploidy variation involves changes in the number of whole sets of chromosomes. Aneuploid variation involves changes in the number of individual chromosomes. The two types of chromosomal changes have different consequences for gene expression patterns.

Key Concepts

Multiple copies of the whole set of chromosomes are referred to as polyploidy.

Additions or subtractions of part of a genome are referred to as aneuploidy.

Aneuploidy causes changes in gene expression across the genome more so than polyploidy.

Plants have experienced multiple instances of polyploidy during their evolution.

The severity of aneuploid effects depends on the background polyploidy with less effects with increasing ploidy.
Targeting Theranostics of Atherosclerosis by Dual‐Responsive Nanoplatform via Photoacoustic Imaging and Three‐In‐One Integrated Lipid Management
Authors: Ma Boxuan , Xiao Yun , Lv Qingbo , Li Gaocan , Wang Yunbing , Fu Guosheng
Published: November 2022

Atherosclerosis, as a life‐threatening cardiovascular disease with chronic inflammation and abnormal lipid enrichment, is often difficult to treat timely due to the lack of obvious symptoms. In this work, a theranostic nanoplatform is constructed for the noninvasive in vivo diagnosis, plaque‐formation inhibition, and the lesion reversal of atherosclerosis. A three‐in‐one therapeutic complex is constructed and packaged along with a polymeric photoacoustic probe into nanoparticles named as PLCDP@PMH, which indicates an atherosclerosis‐targeting accumulation and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) dual‐responsive degradation. The photoacoustic probe suggests a lesion‐specific imaging on atherosclerotic mice with an accurate and distinct recognition of plaques. At the same time, the three‐in‐one complex performs an integrated lipid management through the inhibition of macrophages M1‐polarization, liver X receptor (LXR)‐mediated up‐regulation of ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1/G1 (ABCA1/G1) and the cyclodextrin‐assisted lipid dissolution, which lead to the reduced lipid uptake, enhanced lipid efflux, and actuated lipid removal. The in vivo evaluations reveal that PLCDP@PMH can suppress the lesion progression and further reverse the formed plaques under a diet without high fat. Hence, PLCDP@PMH provides a candidate for the theranostics of early‐stage atherosclerosis and delivers an impressive potential on the reversal of formed atherosclerotic lesions.
Entropy Stabilization Strategy for Enhancing the Local Structural Adaptability of Li‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Song Jin , Ning Fanghua , Zuo Yuxuan , Li Ang , Wang Hangchao , Zhang Kun , Yang Tonghuan , Yang Yali , Gao Chuan , Xiao Wukun , Jiang Zewen , Chen Tao , Feng Guang , Xia Dingguo
Published: November 2022

Layered Li‐rich cathode materials with high reversible energy densities are becoming prevalent. However, owing to the activation of low‐potential redox couples and the progressively irreversible structural transformation caused by the local adjustment of transition‐metal ions in the intra/interlayer driven by anionic redox, continuous capacity degradation, and voltage decay emerge, thus greatly reducing the energy density and increasing the difficulty of battery system management. Herein, layered Li‐rich cathode materials with higher intralayer configuration entropy have more local structural diversity and higher distortion energy, resulting in superior local structural adaptability with no drastic redox couple evolution, major local structural adjustment, or obvious layered‐to‐spinel phase transition. Consequently, the energy retention of the entropy‐stabilization‐strategy‐enhanced Li‐rich cathode materials is almost twice that of a typical Li‐rich cathode material (Li1.20Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, T‐LRM) after 3 months of cyclic testing. Moreover, when cycled at 1 C, the voltage degradation per cycle is less than 0.02%, that is, it results in a voltage loss of only 0.8 mV per cycle, which is excellent performance. This study paves the way for the development of Li‐rich cathode materials with stabilized intralayer atomic arrangements and high local structural adaptability.
Li0.5Na0.5AlB2O4F2: Fluoroaluminoborate with Aligned 1∞[BO2] Chain Induced by Unprecedented [AlO3F3]6− Species Features Enhanced Birefringence
Authors: Yan Ziting , Chu Dongdong , Zhang Min , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: November 2022

Birefringent materials have been used extensively owing to their indispensable role in creating and modulating polarized light, while birefringent materials for deep ultraviolet (DUV, λ < 200 nm) applications are still urgently needed. Herein, a strategy to induce the formation of birefringence‐active 1∞[BO2] chains driven by AlOmFn units is proposed for designing DUV birefringent materials, and a new fluoroaluminoborate, Li0.5Na0.5AlB2O4F2, with aligned 1∞[BO2] chains and an unprecedented [AlO3F3]6− motif is synthesized. The birefringence of Li0.5Na0.5AlB2O4F2 achieves significant enhancement compared with maternal structure LiAlB2O5 due to the optimization of functional units and arrangement via co‐substitution and fluorination tactics. The design strategy provides a propitious and feasible way to construct novel structures with excellent optical properties.
Metasurface Based Spin‐Selective Wollaston‐and‐Rochon‐Prism‐Like Circularly Polarized Beam Splitter
Authors: Khalid Ata Ur Rahman , Ullah Naeem , Han Yu , Yuan Xiaocong , Feng Fu , Somekh Michael Geoffrey
Published: November 2022

Multifunctional ultra‐thin devices which can manipulate the wavefront in a desired manner are preferably required for compact systems. In recent years, metasurfaces have been treated as an intuitive and powerful platform to expand the operational capacity of planar devices. In this work, a non‐interleaved device based on metasurfaces is proposed which utilizes transmitted co‐and‐cross polarization channels of circularly polarized (CP) light to design a spin‐switchable Wollaston‐and‐Rochon‐prism‐like CP beam splitter. In addition, this scheme facilitates the design of meta‐hologram that can decrypt two independent holographic images, one on each CP transmitted channel, under the right‐handed circularly polarized light. While, under the left‐handed circularly polarized light, the co‐polarization channel reconstructs the holographic image and no image appears on the cross‐polarization channel. The intended approach provides a promising route which will find application in information encryption/decryption, multichannel communication systems, and imaging.
Digital Decoding of Single Extracellular Vesicle Phenotype Differentiates Early Malignant and Benign Lung Lesions
Authors: Li Junrong , Sina Abu A. I. , Antaw Fiach , Fielding David , Möller Andreas , Lobb Richard , Wuethrich Alain , Trau Matt
Published: November 2022

Accurate identification of malignant lung lesions is a prerequisite for rational clinical management to reduce morbidity and mortality of lung cancer. However, classification of lung nodules into malignant and benign cases is difficult as they show similar features in computer tomography and sometimes positron emission tomography imaging, making invasive tissue biopsies necessary. To address the challenges in evaluating indeterminate nodules, the authors investigate the molecular profiles of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in differentiating malignant and benign lung nodules via a liquid biopsy‐based approach. Aiming to characterize phenotypes between malignant and benign groups, they develop a single‐molecule‐resolution‐digital‐sEV‐counting‐detection (DECODE) chip that interrogates three lung‐cancer‐associated sEV biomarkers and a generic sEV biomarker to create sEV molecular profiles. DECODE capturessEVs on a nanostructured pillar chip, confines individual sEVs, and profiles sEV biomarker expression through surface‐enhanced Raman scattering barcodes. The author utilize DECODE to generate a digitally acquired sEV molecular profiles in a cohort of 33 people, including patients with malignant and benign lung nodules, and healthy individuals. Significantly, DECODE reveals sEV‐specific molecular profiles that allow the separation of malignant from benign (area under the curve, AUC = 0.85), which is promising for non‐invasive characterisation of lung nodules found in lung cancer screening and warrants further clinincal validaiton with larger cohorts.