bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dose Response and Efficacy of a Live, Attenuated Human Rotavirus Vaccine in Mexican Infants
Authors: Ruiz-Palacios Guillermo M. , Guerrero M. Lourdes , Bautista-Márquez Aurora , Ortega-Gallegos Hilda , Tuz-Dzib Fernando , Reyes-González Leticia , Rosales-Pedraza Gustavo , Martínez-López Julia , Castañón-Acosta Erika , Cervantes Yolanda , Costa-Clemens SueAnn , DeVos Beatrice
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE. Immunization against rotavirus has been proposed as the most cost-effective intervention to reduce the disease burden associated with this infection worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the dose response, immunogenicity, and efficacy of 2 doses of an oral, attenuated monovalent G1[P8] human rotavirus vaccine in children from the same setting in Mexico, where the natural protection against rotavirus infection was studied.

METHODS. From June 2001 through May 2003, 405 healthy infants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 vaccine groups (virus concentrations 104.7, 105.2, and 105.8 infectious units) and to a placebo group and were monitored to the age of 2 years. The vaccine/placebo was administered concurrently with diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-pertussis/hepatitis B/Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine at 2 and 4 months of age. After the administration of the first vaccine/placebo dose, weekly home visits to collect information regarding infant health were conducted. Stool samples were collected during each gastroenteritis episode and tested for rotavirus antigen and serotype.

RESULTS. The vaccine was well tolerated and induced a greater rate of seroconversion than observed in infants who received placebo. For the pooled vaccine groups, efficacy after 2 oral doses was 80% and 95% against any and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, respectively. Efficacy was 100% against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and 70% against severe gastroenteritis of any cause with the vaccine at the highest virus concentration (105.8 infectious units). The predominant infecting rotavirus serotype in this cohort was wild-type G1 (85%). Adverse events, including fever, irritability, loss of appetite, cough, diarrhea, and vomiting, were similar among vaccinees and placebo recipients.

CONCLUSION. This new oral, live, attenuated human rotavirus vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and highly efficacious in preventing any and, more importantly, severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in healthy infants. This vaccine produced comparable protection to natural infection.
Head Posture in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients with Oronasal Fistula and Its Relationship with Craniofacial Morphology
Authors: Yücel-Eroğlu Emel , Gulsen Ayşe , Uner Oktay
Published: July 2007

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between head posture and craniofacial morphology in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate children with oronasal fistula.

Patients:

A total of 31 cleft lip and palate patients with a mean skeletal age of 7.59 (±2.11) years were involved. Fifteen had complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, 13 had complete bilateral cleft lip and palate, and three had complete cleft palate. Each of the cleft patients was matched with a noncleft Class I subject, on the basis of sex and skeletal age.

Design:

Lateral cephalograms were taken of all subjects in the standardized upright posture and in orthoposition. Sixteen postural parameters and 44 morphological parameters were evaluated.

Results:

The correlations with the cranio-cervical and mandibulo-cervical parameters indicated a trend of retrusion in the incisors with extention of the head. The positive nontopographical relationship between the nasolabial angle and some of the postural parameters supplemented the retrusion tendency in the upper incisors with head extension. Vertical skeletal morphological parameters correlated with the postural parameters. Cranio-cervical parameters seemed to be mostly related to mandibular position.

Conclusion:

Most of the cranio-cervical parameters measured confirmed an increased cranio-cervical angulation in the cleft sample when compared to controls. This head posture change was associated with alterations in tooth position and craniofacial morphology when comparisons were made to the control group.
Palatal Surface Area of Maxillary Plaster Casts—A Comparison between Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Measurements
Authors: Darvann Tron A. , Hermann Nuno V. , Ersbøll Bjarne K. , Kreiborg Sven , Berkowitz Samuel
Published: July 2007

Objective:

To investigate the relationship between corresponding two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements on maxillary plaster casts taken from photographs and three-dimensional surface scans, respectively.

Materials and Methods:

Corresponding two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements of selected linear distances, curve lengths, and (surface) areas were carried out on maxillary plaster casts from individuals with unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate. The relationship between two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements was investigated using linear regression.

Results and Conclusions:

Error sources in the measurement of three-dimensional palatal segment surface area from a two-dimensional photograph were identified as photographic distortion (2.7%), interobserver error (3.3%), variability in the orientation of the plaster cast (3.2%), and natural shape variation (4.6%). The total error of determining the cleft area/palate surface area ratio was 15%. In population studies, the effect of using two-dimensional measurements is a decrease of discriminating power. In well-calibrated setups, a two-dimensional measurement of the cleft area/palate surface area ratio may be converted to a three-dimensional measurement by use of a multiplication factor of 0.75.
Maternal Smoking during Early Pregnancy, GSTP1 and EPHX1 Variants, and Risk of Isolated Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Ramirez Dorian , Lammer Edward J. , Iovannisci David M. , Laurent Cecile , Finnell Richard H. , Shaw Gary M.
Published: July 2007

Objective:

To examine the interactions between four fetal xenobiotic metabolizing gene polymorphisms, maternal cigarette smoking, and risk for oral cleft defects.

Design and Participants:

California population–based case-control study of 431 infants born with isolated orofacial clefts and 299 nonmalformed controls.

Main Outcome Measures:

Infants were genotyped for functional polymorphisms of the detoxification enzymes microsomal epoxide hydrolase-1 (EPHX1 T→C [Tyr113His], and A→G [His139Arg]), and glutathione-S transferase Pi-1 (GSTP1 A→G [Ile105Val] and C→T [Ala114Val]), and risks for cleft outcomes were measured for gene only and gene-maternal smoking effects.

Results:

Although smoking was associated with an increased risk for isolated cleft lip ± palate, we found no independent associations of genotypes of EPHX1-codon 113 or GSTP1-codon 105 polymorphisms for either isolated cleft lip ± palate or isolated cleft palate. The heterozygote genotype for the EPHX1-codon 139 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of isolated cleft palate (odds ratio = 1.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.6]). Infant EPHX1 and GTSP1 polymorphic variants did not appreciably alter the risks for clefts associated with maternal smoking, nor were any EPHX1 combined genotype-specific risks found. Infant genotypes of the GSTP1-codon 105 polymorphism, combined with glutathione-S-transferase-μ-1 null genotypes, did not appreciably alter the risk of orofacial clefts.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that genetic variation of the detoxification enzymes EPHX1 and GSTP1 did not increase the risks of orofacial clefting, nor do they influence the risks associated with maternal smoking.
Frequency of Le Fort I Osteotomy after Repaired Cleft Lip and Palate or Cleft Palate
Authors: Good Phoebe M. , Mulliken John B. , Padwa Bonnie L.
Published: July 2007

Objective:

Diminished maxillary growth is a consequence of labiopalatal repair, and many patients with cleft lip and palate require Le Fort I advancement. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of maxillary hypoplasia as measured by need for Le Fort I.

Subjects:

Retrospective cohort study of males born before 1987 and females before 1989. Records of 173 patients with cleft lip and palate and 34 with cleft palate were reviewed.

Methods:

Documented age, gender, cleft type, and need for Le Fort I. Pearson chi-square and Fischer's exact analyses were performed to evaluate the frequency of Le Fort I.

Results:

Of 217 patients with cleft lip and palate or cleft palate, 40 were syndromic; of the remaining 177 patients, 69 had cleft lip, 78 had cleft lip and palate, and 30 had cleft palate. Thirty-seven of 177 patients (20.9%) required Le Fort I, subcategorized by cleft type: 0/69 for cleft lip, 37/78 for cleft lip and palate, and 0/35 for cleft palate (p < .0001). Of the 37/78 (47.4%) cleft lip and palate patients, the frequency of Le Fort I correlated with severity: 5/22 unilateral incomplete cleft lip and palate; 16/33 unilateral complete cleft lip and palate; 1/2 bilateral incomplete cleft lip and palate; 2/4 bilateral asymmetric complete/incomplete cleft lip and palate; 13/17 bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (p < .05).

Conclusion:

Overall frequency of Le Fort I was 20.9% in patients with cleft lip and palate and cleft palate. Of those with cleft lip and palate, 47.7% required maxillary advancement, but none with isolated cleft lip or cleft palate required correction. Frequency of Le Fort I osteotomy correlated with the spectrum of severity of labiopalatal clefting.
Long-Term Study of Dental Implants Placed into Alveolar Cleft Sites
Authors: Matsui Yoshiro , Ohno Kohsuke , Nishimura Akiko , Shirota Tatsuo , Kim Syutaku , Miyashita Hajime
Published: July 2007

Objective:

To evaluate the long-term prognosis of dental implants placed into cleft sites after bone grafting in a relatively large number of cases in order to clarify the usefulness of the modality.

Patients:

Forty-seven patients with unilateral (dental, n = 32) or bilateral (n = 15) clefts of the alveolar process were included in this study.

Interventions:

A total of 71 implants, including smooth- or rough-surface titanium, and hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants, were placed after bone grafting from the anterior iliac crest and/or mandible. The placed implants were 13 to 15 mm in length.

Main outcome:

The follow-up period was from 21 to 120 months (average = 60 months). Implant survival rates were calculated as cumulative survival. Marginal bone loss (MBL) from the implant shoulder was examined, with statistical analyses performed on the influence of simultaneous bone graft and surface characteristics.

Results:

At the end of the clinical follow-up period, all implants except one were in situ and stable. Thus, the overall survival rate was 98.6% at the end of the first year and remained the same until the end of observation. Titanium implants with smooth surfaces had the lowest MBL with almost negligible regression slope, although some implants had relatively high MBL by the end of the first year.

Conclusions:

Implant therapy in the cleft site offers a reliable option for patients. Particular attention should be focused preoperatively on whether bone volume can provide primary implant stability.
Stress Velopharyngeal Incompetence: Prevalence, Treatment, and Management Practices
Authors: Malick Deonne , Moon Jerry , Canady John
Published: July 2007

Objective:

Stress velopharyngeal incompetence is the unwanted coupling of the oral and nasal cavities while brass and woodwind musicians play their instruments. This study investigated both (1) the prevalence of stress velopharyngeal incompetence in college musicians, delineating symptoms and situations possibly associated with the condition; and (2) physicians’ experiences with musicians exhibiting stress velopharyngeal incompetence, including typical treatment and management techniques.

Methods:

Questionnaires were distributed to 297 brass or woodwind student musicians at three public universities and to 998 plastic surgeons and otolaryngologists. The musician questionnaire focused on demographic data and identification of symptoms that might indicate the presence of stress velopharyngeal incompetence. The physician questionnaire addressed demographics of the physician and his or her practice, familiarity and experience with stress velopharyngeal incompetence, and treatment and management suggestions for individuals experiencing the condition.

Results:

Thirty-four percent of the responding musicians reported symptoms of stress velopharyngeal incompetence, most often after 30 minutes of playing. Forty-five percent of the responding physicians reported being familiar with the term stress velopharyngeal incompetence, although only 27% reported ever having seen a patient with the condition. The seven most frequently reported intervention strategies were referral to a speech language pathologist (47.50%), sphincter pharyngoplasty (30.00%), pharyngeal flap (26.88%), referral to a cleft palate team (24.38%), watch and wait (18.75%), posterior wall fat injection (12.50%), and palatal lift (10.00%).

Conclusions:

Stress velopharyngeal incompetence is a potentially career-ending (or career-preventing) problem that currently may be undertreated and that is in need of more systematic study both in terms of its physiologic underpinnings and its management.
Wheel impact load monitoring
Authors: Partington W.
Published: July 2007

The WILD system, which was Introduced to monitor and control damaging track forces by identifylng defective wheels in passing trains accordlng to pre-set limits and reporting immediately by a modem link, is described. Associated cost savings are estimated, recent Improvements are described and future developments are outlined.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Gürkan Ali , Emingil Gülnur , Saygan Buket Han , Çınarcık Serhat , Atilla Gül , Köse Timur , Berdeli Afig
Published: July 2007

Background: Tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1) are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by controlling proteolytic events in the extracellular matrix. This study was designed to investigate the association of t‐PA and PAI‐1 gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis (CP).

Methods: One hundred eighty‐nine subjects were included. Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of 84 patients with CP and 105 periodontally healthy subjects. Polymerase chain reaction and endonuclease digestion was used to genotype the 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region of the PAI‐1 gene and the Alu‐repeat insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in intron 8 of the t‐PA gene.

Results: The genotype distributions and allele frequencies of t‐PA polymorphism were not different between patients with CP and healthy subjects (24.7% I/I, 45.7% I/D, and 29.6% D/D and 30.3% I/I, 45.5% I/D, and 24.2% D/D, respectively; P >0.05). The t‐PA D allele frequency was similar in patients with CP (52.4%) and healthy subjects (46.5%). PAI‐1 genotype distribution in patients with CP (30.9% 4G/4G, 35.8% 4G/5G, and 33.3% 5G/5G) and healthy subjects (36.2% 4G/4G, 41.9% 4G/5G, and 21.9% 5G/5G) was also similar. The 4G allele frequency was not different between patients with CP (48.8%) and healthy subjects (57.1%) (P >0.05). The 4G allele frequency in non‐smoking CP patients was significantly lower than in non‐smoking, healthy subjects (χ2 = 4.201; P = 0.040). Non‐smoking CP patients also had a significantly lower percentage of 4G‐positive genotypes compared to non‐smoking healthy subjects (χ2 = 5.046; P = 0.025).

Conclusions: t‐PA or PAI‐1 genotypes are not associated with susceptibility to CP in Turkish subjects. Conversely, the 4G allele of the PAI‐1 gene could be related to a decreased susceptibility to CP in non‐smokers.
Effect of Er:YAG Laser Combined With rhPDGF‐BB on Attachment of Cultured Fibroblasts to Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces
Authors: Belal Mahmoud Helmy , Watanabe Hisashi , Ichinose Shizuko , Ishikawa Isao
Published: July 2007

Background: The use of the erbium‐doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser in periodontal therapy has been the focus of much research. Recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB) is suggested as a potent stimulator and strong mitogen for human periodontal ligament cells. The present study tested the direct effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation, alone or with rhPDGF‐BB application, on the biocompatibility of periodontally diseased roots through fibroblast attachment and proliferation.

Methods: The study examined five healthy and 15 periodontally involved teeth, prepared from proximal surfaces, which were divided randomly into four groups (10 specimens each): group 1: healthy; group 2: untreated diseased; group 3: Er:YAG laser irradiation (60 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz); and group 4: Er:YAG laser irradiation (60 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz) plus rhPDGF‐BB application (50 ng/ml). Three subgroups per group (three specimens each) were incubated for three periods (1, 3, or 7 days). The remaining specimen was used to determine surface topography. Fibroblasts were pooled on root specimens and incubated. Results were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Repeated cell counts were performed within a representative standard area.

Results: Using paired t tests, all experimental groups (except group 2 diseased) showed statistically significant differences between 1‐ and 3‐day and between 1‐ and 7‐day incubation periods, but not between 3‐ and 7‐day incubation periods. Using analysis of variance, the intergroup comparison showed significant differences favoring group 1 over groups 2 and 3 and group 4 over group 2 at the 1‐day incubation period; group 1 was favored over groups 2, 3, and 4 and groups 3 and 4 were favored over group 2 at the 3‐ and 7‐day incubation periods. Comparable effects were shown between groups 3 and 4 for all incubation periods and between groups 2 and 3 and groups 1 and 4 for the 1‐day incubation.

Conclusions: Er:YAG laser used alone or in combination with rhPDGF‐BB application may offer a promising periodontal therapy for conditioning root surfaces, although the combined application seemed to be slightly more effective. However, testing laser use in intervals and with parameters <60 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz is required to verify the minimum threshold values necessary to obtain complete root debridement and clarify optimal conditions for fibroblast cell attachment and growth. Further studies are needed to determine ideal parameters for creating the best environment for successful periodontal treatment.
Effects of Er:YAG Laser Compared to Ultrasonic Scaler in Periodontal Treatment: A 2‐Year Follow‐Up Split‐Mouth Clinical Study
Authors: Crespi Roberto , Capparè Paolo , Toscanelli Isabel , Gherlone Enrico , Romanos George E.
Published: July 2007

Background: The aim of this clinical study was to compare the results of non‐surgical treatment of periodontal disease with an erbium‐doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser to root debridement with an ultrasonic scaler.

Methods: Twenty‐five patients furnished two quadrants containing four teeth with probing depths (PD) >4 mm; the quadrants were divided equally between the right and left sides. On one side, teeth were treated by Er:YAG laser using 160 mJ/pulse at 10 Hz (test group); on the contralateral side, teeth were treated by ultrasonic scaler (control group). Clinical baseline data, including plaque index, gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded before treatment and at 3 months and 1 and 2 years.

Results: There were statistically significant differences in PD between the test and control groups for pockets of 1 to 4 mm (P <0.05), 5 to 6 mm (P <0.01), and ≥7 mm (P <0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the test and control groups for CAL gain in pockets of 1 to 4 mm; statistically significant differences were found between the test and control groups in pockets of 5 to 6 mm (P <0.01) and ≥7 mm (P <0.001).

Conclusion: Er:YAG laser periodontal treatment resulted in statistically significant improvements in PD and CAL gain compared to ultrasonic scaler treatment at 2‐year follow‐up, especially in moderate and deep pockets.
The Iberian Permian Triassic ‘Buntsandstein’ of the Aragonian branch of the Iberian range (Spain) in the West-European sequence stratigraphical framework: a combined palynological and sedimentological approach
Authors: Diez José B. , Bourquin Sylvie , Broutin Jean , Ferrer Javier
Published: July 2007

The Permo-Triassic ‘Buntsandstein’ facies was studied from outcrops in the Aragonian branch of the Iberian range (Zaragoza, Spain). Using an integrated analysis of sedimentological and palynological data, we propose a sequence stratigraphic analysis for the Permo-Triassic deposits in this area. A comparison with the stratigraphical cycles of other parts of the Iberian domain and other peri-Tethyan basins enables us to specify the stratigraphic context of the Lower Triassic in the western European domain and characterize the importance of the Lower Triassic hiatus.

The ‘Buntsandstein’ deposits studied here from the Aragonian branch occur in three outcrop areas: Tabuenca-Rodanas, Morata de Jalón and Fombuena. The Permo-Triassic deposits lie unconformably on the Hercynian (Variscan) basement. The ‘Buntsandstein’ facies were attributed to the ‘Detrital Group’ by Arribas [1984], who recognized four informal formations: the Araviana, Tierga, Calcena and Trasobares formations, in ascending stratigraphic order.

Based on sedimentological criteria indicating fluvio-lacustrine environments for the Araviana cycle, the basal ‘Buntsandstein’ facies of this area can be attributed to the Permian. The discontinuity observed between the Araviana and Tierga formations, and the palaeobotanical evidence indicating an Anisian age (i.e. Middle Triassic) for the Tierga, suggests a hiatus during the Lower Triassic in this area. The Lower Triassic in Spain and many other parts of western Europe is characterized by fluvial sediments preserved in arid palaeoenvironments, associated with occasional aeolian deposits, and lacking any palaeoflora. At the scale of the western European domain, the onset of Triassic sedimentation would appear mainly in the Olenekian. Stratigraphic continuity between Permian and Triassic non-marine deposits, with sediments attributable to the Induan (lower part of the Lower Triassic), is only observed in the central Germanic Basin. In the Aragonian branch, the first Triassic sediments are dated as Anisian and characterize the retrogradational trend of a major cycle (Tierga – Calcareous Group major cycle) showing the vertical evolution from braided rivers to marine Muschelkalk deposits. At the scale of the west-European domain, the Anisian is always characterized by fluvial and fluvio-lacustrine deposits, with palaeosols, passing upward into marine deposits. Thus, the connection with the open sea was established during the Anisian. In this western Peritethyan domain, the diachronous nature of the Muschelkalk transgression is evident: the onset of Muschelkalk facies occurs during the lower Anisian in the Germanic Basin, the middle Anisian in the eastern part of the Paris Basin and the late Anisian in the Iberian Peninsula.
Siamosuchus phuphokensis, a new goniopholidid from the Early Cretaceous (ante-Aptian) of northeastern Thailand
Authors: Lauprasert Komsorn , Cuny Gilles , Buffetaut Eric , Suteethorn Varavudh , Thirakhupt Kumthorn
Published: July 2007

A new taxon of a broad-snouted goniopholidid, Siamosuchus phuphokensis, gen. et sp. nov., was discovered in the Sao Khua Formation (ante-Aptian), northeastern Thailand. The specimen is described on the basis of an incomplete skeleton showing the premaxillae, maxillae, nasals, left lacrimal, frontal, left jugal, right postorbital, caudal part of the cranial table, most of the right part of the postcranial skeleton, and several heavily sculptured osteoderms. S. phuphokensis is distinguished from the other broad-snouted goniopholidids on the basis of the following characters: penetration of the nasals in the narial border; presence of a robust and high median ridge on the interorbital surface; lateral margin of the frontal forming the medial edge of the orbit; supraoccipital exhibiting a wide pentagonal shape. A phylogenetic analysis using 101 characters for 29 mesoeucrocodylian taxa and 3 outgroup taxa supports the monophyly of the family Goniopholididae. In addition, the Thai specimen forms a clade with the European Goniopholis. Based on our strict consensus tree, the generic name Goniopholis should be restricted to the European forms only.
Age and environmental evolution of the syn-rift fill of the southern coast of the gulf of Corinth (Akrata-Derveni region, Greece)
Authors: Rohais Sébastien , Joannin Sébastien , Colin Jean-Paul , Suc Jean-Pierre , Guillocheau François , Eschard Rémi
Published: July 2007

The southern coast of the gulf of Corinth exhibits syn-rift deposits, giving insights into the first stages of continental extension as well as the geodynamic evolution of the surrounding Aegean region. The stratigraphy (relative position, 3D geometry, dating) of these deposits is still subject to controversies. The syn-rift evolution of the central part of the southern coast of the Corinth rift is revisited, based on new sedimentological and paleontological data. While ostracods analysis provides precise information about the paleoenvironments, recent advances in palynology supply a more accurate chronology.

For the first time, we document marine evidences and Pleistocene evidences below the well-known giant Gilbert-type fan deltas of the Corinth rift. The syn-rift fill records a three-phase history: (1) the Lower Group corresponds to continental to lacustrine environments passing up progressively to brackish environments with occasionally marine incursions from before 1.8 Ma to some time after 1.5 Ma, (2) the Middle Group corresponds to giant alluvial fans and to Gilbert-type fan deltas prograding in an alternating marine and lacustrine environment from around 1.5 Ma to some time after 0.7 Ma, and (3) the Upper Group corresponds to slope deposits, Gilbert-type fan deltas and marine terraces indicating the emergence of syn-rift sediments along the southern coast from at least 0.4 Ma to the present day, with alternating marine and lacustrine deposition controlled by the position of the Mediterranean sea level relative to the Rion Strait sill.
Sex Differences in Boredom Proneness
Authors: McIntosh Everton G.
Published: July 2007

To identify sex differences in boredom proneness, 146 undergraduates (66 men and 80 women) were asked to complete the Boredom Proneness Scale. An independent groups t test indicated a statistically significant mean difference in boredom proneness as men scored significantly higher than women.
Regional Intelligence and Suicide Rate in Denmark
Authors: Voracek Martin
Published: July 2007

Consistent with evidence from several recent geographical (cross-national and within-nation) studies (by Lester and by Voracek), a positive ecological (aggregate-level) correlation of regional intelligence and suicide rate was found across the seven major geographical regions of Denmark.
Correlations of Attitudes toward Physician-Assisted Suicide, Death Depression, Death Obsession, and Trait Anxiety
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M. , Lester David
Published: July 2007

In a sample of 112 Kuwaiti college students, approval of physician-assisted suicide was not significantly correlated with scores on trait anxiety, death depression, or death obsession.
Correlations between Perfectionism and Coping Strategies in Response to Researcher-Selected Vignettes Or Participant-Selected Events
Authors: Wielkiewicz Richard M. , Wonderlich Sara J.
Published: July 2007

Participants, taking classes that met general learning requirements, were 133 men and 240 women from two private, Catholic, liberal arts college campuses. The sample consisted of 131 first-year students, 91 sophomores, 70 juniors, and 81 seniors. The sample was 95.2% Euro-American, consistent with the populations of these campuses, and 98.1% were between 18 and 22 years old. There were five different survey packets. One packet asked participants to report how they coped with a self-selected situation from their own past (Standard Condition). The other four packets asked participants how they would cope with one of four vignettes developed by the researchers. Two vignettes described common social situations, and two described common academic situations a college student would find stressful. The packets were randomly distributed among participants. Several significant correlations between perfectionism and coping strategies were found for the 4 vignettes, but none were found under the Standard Condition. Were there a self-serving bias in participants' reports of past situations in which they remember coping successfully, correlations would be diminished between coping and perfectionism in the Standard Condition.
Reliability of a Modified People of Color Racial Identity Attitude Scale and a White Racial Identity Attitude Scale for a Sample of Master's Counseling Students
Authors: Juni Samuel , Bresnan Michael W. , Vescio Constanca Fonseca
Published: July 2007

The reliabilities of Helms' People of Color Racial Identity Attitude Scale and White Racial Identity Attitude Scale when used with a sample of master's counseling students were explored for modified versions. Reliabilities were assessed using Cronbach alpha as a measure of internal consistency, and temporal stabilities were measured. Results were consistent with previous findings, with coefficients alpha ranging from .67 to .77 for the modified People of Color Racial Identity Attitude Scale, and from .36 to .84 for the modified White Racial Identity Attitude Scale. Analyses also identified items that may suppress internal consistencies in responding by this sample.
Mean Beck Depression Inventory-II Total Scores by Type of Bipolar Episode
Authors: Kumar Geetha , Rissmiller David J. , Steer Robert A. , Beck Aaron T.
Published: July 2007

The 1996 Beck Depression Inventory-II was administered to 120 outpatients diagnosed with DSM-IV-TR bipolar I disorders who had recently experienced manic, mixed, or depressed episodes. A focused contrast supported the hypothesis that the mean Beck-II total score for the 40 patients with depressed episodes ( M = 34.1, SD = 13.2) was higher than the mean Beck-II total score for the 40 patients with mixed episodes ( M = 25.9, SD = 13.6) which was, in turn, higher than the mean Beck-II total score for the 40 patients with manic episodes ( M = 11.7, SD = 7.8, p <.001). The Beck Depression Inventory-II appears to be useful for measuring self-reported depression in patients with bipolar I disorders.
Elevated Prolactin Levels among Adult Male Sex Offenders
Authors: Studer Lea H. , Aylwin A. Scott
Published: July 2007

A sample of 528 successive admissions to the Phoenix Program, a voluntary inpatient treatment program for sex offenders, was studied in regards to serum prolactin levels. Serum prolactins were obtained as part of a battery of endocrine tests. A substantial number of patients had prolactin levels above the normal range, i.e., 21.0 μg/L. In this sample, fully 10.0% of the men showed elevated prolactin levels (the maximum being 41.0 μg/L), compared with an expected 2.5% according to laboratory norms. None of these individuals had clinical manifestations of prolactinoma. The significance of this increased rate of hyperprolactinemia in this sample of sexual offenders is unclear. There was a negative correlation with age and no correlation with other endocrine tests.
Response to Beshai's “Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Hypnosis: Comment on Woodard”
Authors: Woodard Fredrick James
Published: July 2007

This paper clears up some misunderstandings of Woodard's Phenomenological and Perceptual Research Methodology presented by Beshai in a recent critique. Beshai's critique helps demonstrate and validate a number of themes in Woodard's Perceptually Oriented Hypnosis. First, for each of us, our historical learnings provide the basis for scientific progress but at the same time may impede new views and even a more comprehensive understanding of hypnosis. Second, hypnosis is fundamentally a process of differentiating personal meanings that can be vastly different for various individuals. Third, Beshai uses a quantitatively based approach to understanding phenomenon different from Woodard's qualitative research process. Last, holistic understanding of hypnosis is impeded when aspects of the phenomenal field are taken quantitatively out of context.
Thinking Styles in a Sample of Women Engineers
Authors: Gridley Mark C.
Published: July 2007

The Gregorc Style Delineator was administered to 26 full-time, professional engineers, all women. Participants preferred concrete thinking styles. This tendency is similar to scores on other measures in much larger samples of engineers for whom sex was not specified.
Dovyrenite Ca6Zr[Si2O7]2(OH)4 - A New Mineral from Skarned Carbonate Xenoliths in Basic-Ultrabasic Rocks of the Ioko-Dovyren Massif, Northern Baikal Region, Russia
Authors: Galuskin Evgeny , Pertsev Nikolai , Armbruster Thomas , Kadiyski Milen , Zadov Aleksander , Galuskina Irina , Dzierżanowski Piotr , Wrzalik Roman , Kislov Evgeny
Published: July 2007

Dovyrenite Ca6Zr[Si2O7]2(OH)4 - A New Mineral from Skarned Carbonate Xenoliths in Basic-Ultrabasic Rocks of the Ioko-Dovyren Massif, Northern Baikal Region, Russia

Dovyrenite, simplified formula Ca6Zr[Si2O7]2(OH)4, occurs as an accessory mineral in vein skarns developed in carbonate xenoliths in subvolcanic layered plagiodunite-troctolite series in the Ioko-Dovyren Massif of Proterozoic age, Northern Baikal Region, Buryatia, Russia. Dovyrenite is a late mineral of altered pyroxene and melilite-monticellite skarns. Associated minerals are Zr-bearing phases: fassaitic pyroxene, perovskite and hydrogarnets; and also monticellite, vesuvianite, diopside, foshagite, brucite, calzirtite, tazheranite, baghdadite, apatite, calcite, native bismuth, sphalerite, selenian galena, clausthalite, safflorite, rammelsbergite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, valleriite, laitakarite, nickeline, nickel-skutterudite. The average structure of dovyrenite is orthorhombic, space group Pnnm, with subcell parameters A = 5.666(16) Å, B = 18.844(5) Å, C = 3.728(11) Å, V = 398.0(2) Å3 and Z = 1. Dovyrenite shows a new type of modular structure with stacking of the tobermorite-like and the rosenbuschite-like layers parallel to (010). Single-crystal structural data point to an incompletely occupied Ca(2) site from the rosenbuschite module which is confirmed by microprobe analyses: ZrO2 16.47, SiO2 32.83, TiO2 0.14, HfO2 0.16, Cr2O3 0.01, CaO 43.87, FeO 0.25, MgO 0.13, MnO 0.02, Nb2O3 0.03; total 99.38 wt% with calculated H2O. The empirical formula is (Ca5.73Fe0.03Mg0.02)σ5.78(Zr0.98Hf0.01Ti0.01)σ1Si4(O13.56OH0.44)σ14(OH)4. The presence of two types of OH group in the dovyrenite structure is corroborated by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Dovyrenite is an optically positive biaxial mineral: α 1.659(2), β 1.660(2); γ 1.676(2); 2Vz 30(5)° (measured), 28° (calculated). The coexistence of monticellite, foshagite and dovyrenite points to a narrow interval of crystallization 560-630°C under subvolcanic conditions (P < 108 Pa).
Use of Demographic and Quantitative Admissions Data to Predict Performance on the National Physical Therapy Examination
Authors: Utzman Ralph R , Riddle Daniel L , Jewell Dianne V
Published: July 2007

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether admissions data could be used to estimate physical therapist student risk for failing the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE).

Subjects: A nationally representative sample of 20 physical therapist education programs provided data on 3,365 students.

Methods: Programs provided data regarding demographic characteristics, undergraduate grade point average (uGPA), and quantitative and verbal Graduate Record Examination scores (qGRE, vGRE). The Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy provided NPTE data. Data were analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression.

Results: A prediction rule that included uGPA, vGRE, qGRE, and race or ethnicity was developed from the entire sample. Prediction rules for individual programs showed large variation.

Discussion and Conclusion: Undergraduate grade point average, GRE scores, and race or ethnicity can be useful for estimating student risk for failing the NPTE. Programs should use GPA and GRE scores along with other data to calculate their own estimates of student risk.
Aromaten(phosphan)metall‐Komplexe, III. Die Metall‐Basen C6H6M(PMe3)C2H3R und ihre korrespondierenden Säuren [C6H6MH(PMe3)C2H3R]+
Authors: Werner Rainer , Werner Helmut
Published: July 2007

Die Komplexe C6H6M(PMe3)C2H3R [4: M  Ru, R  H; 5, 6: M  Os, R  H, CH3] werden durch Reduktion von [C6H6MX(PMe3)C2H3R]PF6 (1–3) mit NaC10H8 synthetisiert. Sie reagieren mit Säuren zu den Hydrido(olefin)metall‐Kationen [C6H6MH(PMe3)C2H3R]+, die als BF4‐ bzw. PF6‐Salze (7–9) isoliert werden. Für 7 (M  Ru) liegt in Lösung ein Gleichgewicht zwischen dem (Ethylen)hydrido‐ und dem Ethylmetall‐Komplex vor. Bei den Umsetzungen von 4–6 mit CH3I/NH4PF6 entstehen die Verbindungen [C6H6MCH3(PMe3)C2H3R]PF6 (10–12). Die Hydrido(olefin)‐Komplexe 7–9 reagieren mit Nal unter Insertion zu den Alkylmetall‐Verbindungen C6H6MC2H4R(PMe3)I (13, 15, 16). Die Reaktionen der Komplexe 10–12 mit NaI ergeben dagegen unter Verdrängung des Olefins die Verbindungen C6H6MCH3(PMe3)I (20, 21). Die Einwirkung von PMe3 auf die Kationen [C6H6MR′(PMe3)C2H3R]+ führt entweder zu Insertion, zu Substitution oder zu Addition des Phosphans an das koordinierte Olefin.
Polymeres (Dihydrodibenzo[b,i]‐1,4,8,11‐tetraaza‐[14]annulen)eisen(II) mit Pyrazin‐Brücken
Authors: Koch Jürgen , Hanack Michael
Published: July 2007

5,14‐Dihydrodibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraazacyclotetradecin (H2taa) (3) reagiert mit Eisen(II)‐acetat in Gegenwart von Pyridin über den Pyridinkomplex 4 zu Fetaa (5). Mit Pyrazin entsteht aus 5 unter verschiedenen Bedingungen nur das Pyrazin‐überbrückte Polymere 6, während das instabile Monomere 7 nicht isoliert werden kann. Gegenüber 5 zeigt das Polymere 6 mit 1·10−5 S·cm−1 eine um 107 erhöhte Dunkelleitfähigkeit bei Raumtemperatur.
Heterocyclische 8π‐Systeme, 15. Untersuchungen über Indol‐2,3‐oxide: Herstellung von 3‐Hydroxyindolinen durch intramolekulare Wittig‐Umlagerung von 1,2‐Dihydro‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazinen
Authors: Schmidt Richard R. , Beitzke Bernhard
Published: July 2007

Beim Versuch, durch basenkatalysierte Ringverengung der 4H‐3,1‐Benzoxazine 3 die entsprechenden Indol‐2,3‐oxide 11 abzufangen, wurden im System KNH2/NH3 fl. die 3‐Hydroxy‐3H‐indole 7 isoliert. Die aus 3 mit FSO3CH3 hergestellten N‐Methylbenzoxazinium‐Salze 15 lieferten mit Ethoxid unter kinetischer Kontrolle die cis‐konfigurierten 1,2‐Dihydro‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazine 19 diastereospezifisch. Die Thermolyse dieser Verbindungen über Chinonimine 26 wurde untersucht. Die Einwirkung von starken Basen auf 19 führte nicht zur 1,3‐Eliminierung, sondern zu einer supra‐suprafacialen Wittig‐Umlagerung unter Bildung der trans‐konfigurierten 3‐Hydroxyindoline 27. Für den Verlauf dieser in zweifachem Sinne intramolekularen Wittig‐Umlagerung wird ein intermediäres enges Radikalpaar vorgeschlagen.
Reindarstellung, NMR‐Spektren und Kristallstruktur von Triphenylphosphonium‐cyclobutylid, (C6H5)3PC[CH2]3
Authors: Schmidbaur Hubert , Schier Annette , Neugebauer Dietmar
Published: July 2007

Die Umsetzung von (4‐Brombutyl)triphenylphosphonium‐bromid (1) mit Natriumamid in flüssigem Ammoniak liefert die Titelverbindung 2 in kristalliner Form. Die NMR‐Parameter der salzfreien Verbindung zeigen eine deutliche Abweichung von der für spannungsfreie Phosphor‐Ylide typischen trigonal‐planaren Carbaniongeometrie an. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestätigt dies für den kristallinen Zustand. Das annähernd tetraedrisch konfigurierte Oniumzentrum ragt mit einem Anstellwinkel von 19.3° aus der Ebene des anliegenden Teils des gefalteten Cyclobutanrings (16.7°) heraus. Die ylidische P‐C‐Bindung besitzt mit 166.8(3) pm noch erheblichen Mehrfachbindungscharakter.
Thermolabile Kohlenwasserstoffe, XIX. Synthesen, Spektren, Struktur und Spannung hochverzweigter Pentane
Authors: Hellmann Siegried , Beckhaus Hans‐Dieter , Rüchardt Christoph
Published: July 2007

Die Synthesen und spektroskopischen Eigenschaften von acht Kohlenwasserstoffen R1R2CHC(CH3)3 (3a–h) und zehn Kohlenwasserstoffen R1R2R3C  C(CH3)3 (4a‐k) (R = Alkyl) werden beschrieben und die Strukturen und Spannungsenthalpien anhand von Kraftfeldrechnungen diskutiert.
Über 1,4‐Dihydro‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine
Authors: Neugebauer Franz Alfred , Kriger Claus , Fischer Hans , Siegel Rolf
Published: July 2007

Die Stammverbindung 1 sowie die Derivate 9 und 13 liegen nach Röntgenstrukturanalysen in der 1,4‐Dihydroform vor. Eingehende Untersuchungen der Elektronenspektren von 1–16 zeigen, daß auch in Lösung die 1,4‐Dihydroform thermodynamisch bevorzugt ist. Eine Reihe neuer 1,4‐Dihydro‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazin‐Radikalkationen wurde ESR‐spektroskopisch untersucht.
Darstellung und Molekülstruktur aminosubstituierter Carbodiphosphorane
Authors: Appel Rolf , Baumeister Ulrich , Knoch Falk
Published: July 2007

Synthese und Eigenschaften neuer aminosubstituierter Carbodiphosphorane vom Typ Ph3P;C;PCl(NR2)2 (4a, b), Ph3P;C;P(NR2)3 (9a – d), [(CH3)2N]3 P;C;PCl[N(CH3)2]2 (4c) und [(CH3)2N]3P;C;P[N(CH3)2]3 (9e) werden mitgeteilt. Die Strukturbestimmung von Hexakis‐(dimethylamino)carbodiphosphoran (9e) zeigt erstmalig eine lineare Anordnung am zentralen C‐Atom.
Zur thermischen Isomerisierung des Tricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]hept‐1(7)‐ens: Bildung und Abfangreaktionen von 1,2,3‐Cycloheptatrien
Authors: Zoch Hans‐Georg , Szeimies Günter , Römer Roland , Germain Gaibriel , Declercq Jean‐Paul
Published: July 2007

Die Reaktion von (7‐Bromtricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]hept‐1‐yl)trimethylsilan (1d) mit Kaliumfluorid oder Caesiumfluorid in Dimethylsulfoxid führt zur Bildung von Tricyclo[4.1.0.12,7]hept‐1(7)‐en (2), das sich oberhalb von 80°C praktisch vollständig in das 1,2,3‐Cycloheptatrien (6) umlagert. Als kurzlebige, reaktive Zwischenstufe ergibt 6 mit zahlreichen 1,3‐Dienen und mit einigen 1,3‐Dipolen Cycloadditionsprodukte. Das Primäraddukt von 6 an N, α‐Diphenylnitron isomerisiert bei Raumtemperatur zum Brückenkopfolefin 41, dessen Konstitution durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse gesichert wurde. Erzeugt man 6 über 2 aus 1‐Chlortricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]heptan (1f) und Kalium‐tert‐butylat in Tetrahydrofuran oberhalb von 30°C, so entsteht aus dem Cyclocumulen 6 auch in Gegenwart von Anthracen hauptsächlich der Enolether 8.
Wirt‐Gast‐Verbindungen makrocyclischer Wirtmoleküle mit Wasser, Xylol und Dioxan
Authors: Vögtle Fritz , Müller Walter M. , Puff Heinrich , Friedrichs Edmund
Published: July 2007

Darstellung und die durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse geklärten räumlichen Verhältnisse der stöchiometrischen Wirt/Gast‐Verbindungen 1·2H2O, 2·Xylol und 3·3 Dioxan im Kristallgitter werden beschrieben. Während der Tetracarbonsäuretetraamid‐Cryptandwirt 1 mit Wasser über H‐Brückenbindungen zu den Carbonylgruppen kettenartige Strukturen bildet, findet man für das Xylol‐Addukt des Cryptanden 2 und für das Dioxan‐Addukt des Tetraaza‐phans 3 kanalartige Anordnungen der Lösungsmittelmoleküle im Wirtgitter. Es wird die Schlußfolgerung gezogen, daß auch bei räumlich annähernd ineinander passender Wirt/Gastmolekül‐Topologie nicht zwangsläufig molekulare, sondern oft Gitter‐Einschlüsse zustandekommen.
Neuartige Bildung einer Azoverbindung mit dem C‐Gerüst eines Secopentaprismans
Authors: Askani Rainer , Schneider Wilfried
Published: July 2007

New Kind of Formation of an Azo Compound with a Secopentaprismane C‐Skeleton

Decarboxylating hydrolysis of 5a, which is generated by the reaction of 4 with tetrazine 2, followed by oxidation yields the hexacyclic azo compound 7a. Thermal denitrogenation of 7a leads to azo compound 14, while irridiation of both 7a and 14a yields the hexacyclic compound 15, which could not be transformed into the pentaprismane 16.
Reaktionen mit Phosphinalkylenen, XLII. Eine Aufbausequenz für Acetylene aus Carbonsäurechloriden und Phosphonium‐Yliden über 1,2‐Diketone
Authors: Bestmann Hans Jürgen , Kumar Kamlesh , Kisielowski Lothar
Published: July 2007

Reactions with Phosphine Alkylenes, XLII. A Sequence for the Preparation of Acetylenes Starting from Carboxylic Chlorides and Phosphorus Ylides via 1,2‐Diketones

Phosphorus ylides 1 and carboxylic chlorides 2 react with transylidation to give acyl ylides 3 which are oxidized with the adduct of ozone to triphenyl phosphite to yield 1,2‐diketones 5. These are converted into the bis(hydrazones) 6 which are oxidized with O2/CuCl in pyridine giving acetylenes 7.
Die stereoselektive Bildung von Polycyclen durch intramolekulare Cycloaddition von Carbonyl‐Yliden an cyclische CC‐Bindungen
Authors: Brokatzky‐Geiger Jürgen , Eberbach Wolfgang
Published: July 2007

Stereoselective Formation of Polycyclic Systems by Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Carbonyl Ylides to Cyclic CC‐Bonds

Intramolecular cycloadditions of carbonyl ylides 2, generated by thermolysis of the ene‐oxiranes 1, are investigated with special regard to the stereochemical course of the reaction. On heating up to 180°C the expected transformations of 1a‐d take place leading predominantly to one cycloadduct in each case(structures 8‐11), accompanied by a minor isomer; the ratio being 3:1, 25:1, 10:1 and 2:1 for the reactions of 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d, respectively. In the case of 1a two further products are formed to which the structures of 6 and 7 are tentatively ascribed. The rate increasing influence of the bridged ene‐unit on the cyclisation step is explained in terms of entropic factors.
Elektrochemische Erzeugung von Adamanten
Authors: Lenoir Dieter , Kornrumpf Wolfgang , Fritz Heinz Peter
Published: July 2007

Electrochemical Generation of Adamantene

The electrochemical dehalogenation of the dihalides of adamantane 2‐4 proceeds via adamantene (1) to give the dimers 7 and 8. In the presence of butadiene adduct 6 is isolated (50%). The furan adduct 9 can also be detected.
Metall‐π‐Komplexe von Benzolderivaten, XIX. Intramolekularer Ligand‐Ligand‐Elektronentransfer in para‐magnetischen Bis(η6‐aren)chrom‐Komplexanionen
Authors: Elschenbroich Christoph , Bilger Edgar , Heck Jürgen , Stohler Felix , Heinzer Josef
Published: July 2007

Zwei Reihen aroylsubstituierter Derivate (RCO‐η6‐C6H5)(η6‐C6H6 Cr und (RCO‐η6‐C6H5)2Cr wurden dargestellt: R = C6H5 (6, 9); R = 4‐H3CC6H4 (7, 10); R = 4‐FC6H4 (8, 11); R = 4‐F3CC6H4 (12, 14); R = 4‐NC5H4(pyridyl) (13, 15). Diese wurden mit Kalium in Dimethoxyethan sowie elektrochemisch zu ihren Radikalanionen reduziert. Die mittels cyclischer Voltammetrie bestimmten Reduktionspotentiale werden mitgeteilt und die ESR‐Spektren in flüssiger Lösung zugeordnet. Während das ungepaarte Elektron im Falle der Radikalanionen monosubstituierter Derivate 6−―·, 7−―·, 8−―·, 12−―· und 13−―· notwendigerweise auf einem Liganden lokalisiert ist, zeigen die Radikalanionen der disubstituierten Komplexe 9−―·, 10−―·, 11−―·, 14−―· und 15−―· abgestuftes Verhalten. Die Analyse der Hyperfeinstruktur in den ESR‐Spektren zeigt, daß für 15−―· der intramolekulare Elektronentransfer (ET) langsam erfolgt und die Austauschgeschwindigkeit n̈ET in der Reihenfolge 15−―· (n̈ET < 107 s–1) < 14−―· (3.5 ―· 107 s–1) < 11−―· < 9−―· < 10−―· (5.3 × 108 s−1) zunimmt. In den Radikalanionen 22−―·, 23−―· und 24−―· von Trimethylsilyl‐Derivaten des Bis(benzol)chroms erfolgt der ET auf der ESR‐Zeitskala rasch (n̈ET > 109 s–1).