bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential of BiPO4 as Electrode Material and its Electrochemical Performance on AC-Mn2O3-BiPO4 Film Electrode
Authors: Diantoro Markus , Permata Sari Tria , Taufiq Ahmad , Binti Aspanut Zarina
Published: July 2023

Supercapacitors as one of the energy storage have attracted attention. The advantages of using carbon materials have so far been widely developed and researched as electrodes for supercapacitors, but their volumetric capacity is still less than optimal and less practical in long-term use. Manganese (III) oxide (Mn2O3) materials show great potential as electrodes with high theoretical specific capacitance. On the other hand, BiPO4 as an anode has added battery characteristics to get maximum results. The blending method is applied in the manufacture of composites deposited on an aluminum foil substrate. The electrochemical properties of the developed samples were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical results showed that the best electrode-specific capacitance at 20% BiPO4 percentage reached 56 Fg-1 at a current density of 1 Ag-1 with a potential window of 2 V for 50 cycles. It is hoped that these results can provide information on the potential of using the material as an optimal electrode.
The Validity of Problem-Based Learning Model Learning Tools With A Contextual Learning Approach
Authors: Djou Abdulrahman , Buhungo Trisnawaty Junus , Supartin
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility of verifying the results of physics learning tools using a problem-based learning model with contextual learning. This research was conducted at Muhammadiyah Batudaa High School, using research samples from class XI-IPA1. Identification of the sample in this study using simple random sampling. This research is a development research using the ADDIE research and development (R&D) model developed by Reiser and Mollenda which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Validation testing is carried out at the development stage. The results showed that the test results with an average score of 3.7 to 3.92 were classified as very valid and suitable for use.
Project-based Laboratory Rotation Blended Learning Model to Train Students’ Critical Thinking and Collaboration in Physics Course
Authors: Dewi Novi Ratna , Listiaji Prasetyo , Akhlis Isa , Kurniawan Ismail Okta , Siswanto  , Ayu Widyaningrum Risti
Published: July 2023

Critical thinking and collaboration skills are part of the 21st century skills that need to be trained in learning at the university level. This research focused on developing a project-based laboratory rotation blended learning (PjLRBL) model to train students’ critical thinking and collaboration. Development was carried out using the ADDIE model. The resulting model products were lesson plans, digital module, critical thinking, and collaboration skills assessment tools. Experts’ validation result of the entire product obtained valid criteria. The products were implemented in the course on Basic Physics 1, Science Education Study Program especially on projectile motion topic. At the implementation stage, the critical thinking skills of student obtained results of 12.00% low, 40.00% moderate, and 48.00% high. Then, the collaboration skills of student obtained results of 6.00% low, 36.00% moderate, and 56.00% high. Based on these results, the PjLRBL can be an offer to be applied to the higher education to train students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills.
Development of STEM Learning Based on Riverbanks Local Wisdom
Authors: Prahatama Putra Aminuddin , Suyidno Suyidno , Hidayati Utami Nurul , Fahmi Fahmii , Kurnia Prahani Binar
Published: July 2023

Rivers are the heart of people’s lives in various countries, including Indonesia. Various local wisdoms of riverbank communities are the cause of the formation of people’s thinking patterns and attitudes in carrying out scientific, technological, mathematical, and engineering (STEM) innovations. However, riverbank local wisdom and STEM learning are often considered a challenge in itself, taught separately, and receive less attention from science teachers. The purpose of this paper is to develop STEM learning based on riverbank local wisdom as outlined in learning books. Therefore, this paper will report on the use of research and development designs to produce an appropriate STEM learning book based on riverbank local wisdom. The feasibility assessment involved five experts on local wisdom and STEM learning. Suggestions and inputs from experts are taken into consideration in the revision of this book. The results of the feasibility show that the developed book has met the aspects of design, format, material, language, and innovation. Thus, STEM learning books based on local riverside wisdom are feasible and can be continued in the implementation test in the classroom.
Avian Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes of SP3 Pangea Area in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Ibrahim Mustamin , Nur Akbar Muh.
Published: July 2023

An agroecosystem cannot function without birds, which perform a variety of functions, including pollination, seed dispensing, nutrient deposition, scavenging, and predatory roles for rodents and insect agricultural landscapes support a wide range of habitats and a diverse population of avifauna. A new transmigration area called SP3 Pangea has been established in the province of Gorontalo. Therefore, the SP3 Pangea’s agricultural landscapes do not support a great diversity of birds. The current study documented the abundance of avifauna in agricultural landscapes in SP3 Pangea from this perspective. In order to describe the variety and temporal fluctuation of the avifauna in the agricultural landscapes of Dusun SP3 Pangea, field surveys were carried out from December 2021 to February 2022. There were 13 different bird species in total. The IUCN Red List has one species that is classified as vulnerable. In the research area, it was regularly noted that some species had worldwide population patterns that were dropping. This underlines the fact that research locations are essential habitats for bird species with high conservation needs. Future studies on the management and conservation of existing bird species in agricultural settings are expected to use the findings of the current study as a starting point.
Antibiofilm Potential of Pisang Batu Extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria
Authors: Kumaji Syam S. , Fujiatun Mardjun Sri , Hasan Ani M , Abdul Aryati , Din Uno Wirnangsi
Published: July 2023

Phytochemical compounds present in Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana Colla) can inhibit the growth of bacteria on the surface of a film. This study aims to determine the effect of the anti-biofilm capacity of Pisang Batu extract ( Musa balbisiana Colla) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to determine significant differences in the antibiofilm capacity of Pisang Batu extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study used an experimental method consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment group was a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, positive control (Ciprofloxacin ), and negative control (CMC 1%). Measurement of biofilm inhibition was obtained from the reading of the Optical Density Value on the tool spectrophotometer which then calculated the percentage inhibition biofilm. Data were analyzed using the One Way Anova Test and then Duncan’s Post Hoc test was carried out. The results showed that Pisang Batu extract had an effect on the antibiofilm effect of Pisang Batu extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria where at a concentration of 100% an inhibition percentage value of 39.8% was obtained, a concentration of 75% obtained an inhibition percentage value of 58.03%, 50% concentration obtained inhibition percentage value of 28.11%, 25% concentration obtained inhibition percentage value of 18.06%, control positive (Ciprofloxacin ) obtained an inhibition percentage value of 95.19% and negative control (CMC 1%) obtained an inhibition percentage value of 0%. Then after further testing, a significant difference was obtained for all treatment groups with the best concentration obtained at a concentration of 75%.
In Silico Assay of Antibacterial Activity of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaf Extract to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Lailiyyah Hidayatul , Amaliah Afrida , Lisdiana Lisa
Published: July 2023

Pneumonia is a disease that frequently infects toddlers. Pneumonia cases in 2021 caused 9.4% of deaths in children aged 12-59 months. The effectiveness of pneumonia treatment is decreasing due to the increase of Streptococcus pneumoniae’s resistance to antibiotics. The application of natural plant extracts such as binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract is chosen as an alternative treatment to pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to disclose the active compound of binahong leaf extract (A. cordifolia) that has the potential as an antibacterial to S. pneumoniae. This study was conducted in September 2022 at Universitas Negeri Surabaya with in silico method (blind docking) using PyRx software. The results of the drug-likeness assay showed that the three selected compounds (Linoleic Acid, Phytol, and Hexadecanoid Acid) met the criteria as drugs. The molecular docking assay that has been carried out showed that Linoleic Acid has the lowest binding affinity value (-5.4 kcal/mol) when compared to Phytol and Hexadecanoid Acid indicating its higher potential. This study shows that the selected compounds of the binahong leaf extract have the potential to be antibacterial to S. pneumoniae with PBP2 as the target protein. It is nevertheless necessary to conduct further research to determine the effectiveness and bioavailability of these compounds.
In Silico Antibacterial Activity of Selected Active Compounds of Cherry Leaf (Muntingia calabura) to Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rifda  , Lailiyyah Hidayatul , Amaliah Afrida , Khoirur Rijal M.
Published: July 2023

In addition to physical problems, acne caused by Staphylococcus aureus frequently leads to psychological problems as well. As a result, Treatment therapy using antibiotics in the long term and at inappropriate doses increases the rate of antibiotic resistance. Alternative treatments can be performed by using natural ingredients, such as cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura), which exhibit antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the active compound of M. calabura extract which has the potential as an antibacterial agent for S. aureus. The research was conducted in September 2022 at Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Using PyRx software, we carried out a molecular docking (blind docking) analysis. The drug-likeness test indicated stigmasterol, tetradecanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester compounds met the criteria as medicinal compounds. The results of the molecular docking analysis showed that stigmasterol has a binding affinity of -7.8 kcal/mol better than other compounds and RMSD of 1.482 Å indicating its high potential. The three selected active compounds have the potential as antibacterial agents for S. aureus. The application of this product as a treatment for acne, however, requires further research.
Study of Corn Milk (Zea mays saccarata L) Glicemic Index (IG) as Anti-Diabetic Foods
Authors: Solang Margaretha , Latjompoh Masra , Butungale Said , Abdul Aryati
Published: July 2023

Plants that have a low glycemic index, such as corn, can be an alternative food consumed by the public to prevent blood sugar levels from rising. Corn is not only low in the glycemic index but also rich in dietary fiber, fe, and beta-carotene (provitamin A). This study aims to examine the carbohydrate content and glycemic index (GI) of sweet corn milk (Zea mays saccarata L). This research uses descriptive quantitative analysis to describe the results of corn milk index values. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, involving 8 respondents who met the respondent criteria. The criteria for the respondents in this study were (1) having a normal average body mass (BMI) = (18.5-25 kg/m2), (2) having no history of diabetes, (3) having a healthy body, and (4) being also not taking drugs. The glycemic index value was obtained by comparing the area under the curve between the reference food and the test food and then multiplying by 100. Based on the results of the study, the carbohydrate content of sweet corn milk was 8.79 g/100 mL, and the glycemic index (GI) value of sweet corn milk (Zea mays saccarata L) was 20.81. Based on these results, sweet corn milk (Zea mays saccarata L) belongs to the low glycemic index group.
SEARC Mathematical Modeling of Drug Addiction in South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Magfirah Dian R , Sanusi Wahidah , Side Syafruddin , Syam Rahmat , Pandjajangi M R Y S A Andi
Published: July 2023

This study aims to build a SEARC mathematical model of drug addiction in South Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to analyze and predict the number of drug addiction cases in South Sulawesi. The data used in this study is secondary data from the Provincial National Narcotics Agency (BNNP) of South Sulawesi and the Rehabilitation Center of the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) Baddoka Makassar. The steps in this study are to make assumptions and determine the SEARC model for drug addiction, determine the equilibrium point of the model obtained, analyze the stability of the equilibrium point, perform simulations with the Maple program, and conclude. The results of this study obtained the SEARC mathematical model of drug addiction in the form of a five dimensional system of differential equations, and also obtained an addiction-free equilibrium point and a stable endemic equilibrium point, as well as the basic reproduction number R0= 0.05 which shows that the rate of drug addiction cases in South Sulawesi can be controlled but preventive measures still need to be taken. Based on the simulation, it is found that the rehabilitation program can reduce the number of drug addicts so that by improving rehabilitation facilities and services, it can reduce the number of drug addicts effectively.
The Existence of a Limit-Cycle of a Discrete-Time Lotka-Volterra Model with Fear Effect and Linear Harvesting
Authors: Panigoro Hasan S. , Resmawan Resmawan , Rahmi Emli , Beta Muhammad Afrizal , Sidik Amelia Tri Rahma
Published: July 2023

Modeling the interaction between prey and predator plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecological system. In this paper, a discrete-time mathematical model is constructed via a forward Euler scheme, and then studied the dynamics of the model analytically and numerically. The analytical results show that the model has two fixed points, namely the origin and the interior points. The possible dynamical behaviors are shown analytically and demonstrated numerically using some phase portraits. We show numerically that the model has limit-cycles on its interior. This guarantees that there exists a condition where both prey and predator maintain their existence periodically.
Improving Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability Through Means-Ends Analysis
Authors: Supu Mohamad Erwin , Djakaria Ismail , Zakiyah Siti
Published: July 2023

The ability to solve mathematical problems becomes a crucial part of the mathematical learning process. That capacity can help learners solve the math problems they face in both the academic environment and daily life. However, the facts on the ground were turned around. Problem-solving is still very low. So the research aims to improve the ability to solve mathematical problems learners use Means-Ends Analysis (MEA) models in data distribution materials. This research is a kind of class action study. The research subject is the 7C student group of 29 students. Data collection techniques use observation, testing, and documentary techniques. Data analysis techniques using quantitative data. The results derived from this study are the implementation of the learning process using MEA learning models at Junior High School 1 Kabila 7C has to increase the problem-solving of learners. Based on the average educator observation from three observers, it shows 75% of cycles I to 93.3% of cycles II. And the observation of learners from 64.5% on cycle I to 81.2% on cycle II. And the average results test 69% ability on cycle I to 83% on cycle II.
Does New Normal Learning Anxiety Scale (NNLAS) Worth to Measure Anxiety? A Study to Investigate Instrument Characteristic
Authors: Ristiyana Puspita Sari Anggi , Meiliawati Ruli , Frantius Deklin , Sihombing Juliana , Nabila Gryshelda
Published: July 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, students developed study habits to adapt to online learning, enjoying discussing with lecturers and friends through meeting platforms. However, the lack of interaction gradually erodes their confidence. As a result, they become concerned about the new normal learning environment, where they will have to face lecturers and friends. They must be prepared and equipped to cope with this new environment. Building students’ readiness and confidence in the new normal learning setting can reduce anxiety. Nevertheless, students experience anxiety when it comes to returning to face-to-face learning. Consequently, an attempt has been made to develop the New Normal Learning Anxiety Scale (NNLAS) questionnaire to assess and verify its characteristics. The model development of NNLAS is based on the 4D model. In order to establish content validity, the initial product was evaluated by five experts and explored using Aiken’s formula. This research involved 209 undergraduates from Universitas Palangka Raya to assess construct validity. The Rasch model was employed to examine various characteristics of NNLAS, including unidimensionality, reliability, item difficulty, item fit, and rating scale. The results demonstrate that NNLAS is suitable for measuring students’ learning anxiety.
Study of Structure Activity Correlation of 7-O-Amide Hesperetine Derivative based on Descriptor Calculation by Using AM1 as Anti-Inflammatory Candidate
Authors: La Kilo Akram , Masi Supriadi , Natalia Botutihe Deasy , La Kilo Jafar , Ode Aman La , Alio La , Kadir Kilo Ahmad
Published: July 2023

This study aims to study the quantitative relationship between molecular structure and biological activity (QSAR) of the 7-O-amide hesperetine derivative compounds and to design new compounds which are more potential as anti-inflammatory. This research was theoretically exploratory by using computational chemical methods. The object of this research was 23 derivative compounds of 7-O-Amide Hesperetine with their anti-inflammatory biological activity (IC50) values. The research data were obtained from the results of quantum chemistry calculations assist with computational chemistry code and statistical analysis of multiple linear regressions. The QSAR equation obtained was log IC50 = -2581,151 + (3127,454 × qC2) + (1884,436 × qC3) + (-1581,855 × qC11) + (8181,049 × qC8) + (-2166,325 ×qC4), where n = 23, R2 = 0.679, SEE = 0.092, Fcount /Ftable = 7189, and PRESS = 0.144. The best QSAR model was used to design and predict 23 new anti-inflammatory compounds of derived from 7-O-amide hesperetine with higher activity. The calculation results showed that the proposed anti-inflammatory compound with the highest activity to prevent inflammation was (S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3hidroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(2-oxo-2-(piperazine-1-yl)ethoxy )chroman-4-one (compound 38) with an IC50 value of 1.194 or 15.66 nM.
Application of Shrimp Shell Waste Chitosan as Edible Coating to Extend the Shelf-Life of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Lukum Astin , Kadir Amelia , Sukamto Kostiawan , Mohamad Erni , Thayban Thayban , Rizki Paramata Arfiani
Published: July 2023

Shrimp shell waste contains chitin compounds which are useful in the food sector. The synthesis of chitin into chitosan can be useful as an edible coating on tomatoes. The research was conducted in three stages: the chitosan manufacturing process, the antibacterial test of chitosan, and the application of chitosan as an edible coating on tomatoes. The manufacture of chitosan consisted of the isolation of chitosan (deproteination, demineralization, depigmentation, and deacetylation) and characterization of chitosan (moisture content, ash content, solubility, and spectrum test using FTIR). The yields obtained from the manufacture of chitosan were deproteination (66.66%), demineralization (57.5%), depigmentation (58.79%), and deacetylation (59.65%). Chitosan characterization includes water content of 3.2% and ash content of 0.41%. FTIR spectra test on isolated chitosan resulted in %DD which was 87.2%. Antibacterial activity of chitosan with four variations of chitosan (0.25%; 0.5%; 0.75% and 1%) produced chitosan with the best inhibitory power at a concentration of 1%. At the chitosan application stage, the average data for each test was obtained, namely the weight loss test of 1.60%; the organoleptic test showed a slower colour change of tomatoes than the control; the test for reducing sugar content of 12.46%; vitamin C test of 36.31 mg/100g; total acid test of 7.79%; so that the use of chitosan as an edible coating has a significant effect on the shelf life of tomatoes..
Preparation and Characterization of CuO/Clay Composite for Methyl Orange Photodegradation
Authors: Side Sumiati , Eka Putri Suriati , Hasri  , Rahman Abd
Published: July 2023

This study reports on the preparation and characterizations of CuO/clay composite and its application for methyl orange (MO) photodegradation. The raw material of natural clay was obtained from Takalar District, South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. CuO were incorporated in clay by impregnation method, with natural clay was intercalated using CMC before. The new composite was characterized by SEM, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, and XRD. The results from SEM analysis revealed that there is a change in the surface morphology of the sample before and after impregnation, the clay becomes more porous and expands. XRD results show the CuO/clay composite has a monoclinic crystal structure. As for the sample surface area based on BET analysis using t-plot method, the surface area decreased after the CuO impregnated and the pore distribution using BJH analysis decrease, it indicates that CuO was successfully impregnated into the clay. The amount of CuO that was successfully impregnated into clay based on EDX analysis was 26.72%. The composite was successfully used as a photocatalyst in the MO degradation, showing a degradation ability of 85.84% with a composite mass of 500 mg with a contact time of 180 minutes.
Mediales Schienbeinkantensyndrom bei einer Leichtathletin
Authors: Steeger-Adams Angelika
Published: July 2023

Im Trainingslager klagt Laura schon nach wenigen Einheiten über Schmerzen in beiden Beinen. Aufgrund der Lokalisation besteht bei der 21-jährigen Leichtathletik-Mehrkämpferin der Verdacht auf ein mediales Schienbeinkantensyndrom. Jetzt ist es wichtig, die richtigen physiotherapeutischen Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, damit die junge Leistungssportlerin schnell wieder ins Training einsteigen kann.
Pathologien des Unterschenkels
Authors: Fritsch Klaus
Published: July 2023

Unterschenkelschmerzen sind häufig im Breiten- und Leistungssport. Bei Langstreckenläufern ist der Unterschenkelschmerz nach Beschwerden des Knies das zweithäufigste Symptom bei Überlastungsschäden oder Verletzungen 1.
Kräftig und beweglich zugleich – Zielgerichtetes Training der Ischiokruralmuskulatur
Authors: Alt Tobias
Published: July 2023

Klagen Ihre Athlet*innen über Beschwerden der Ischiokruralmuskulatur? Oder leiden sie an wiederkehrenden Verletzungen? Haben sie häufig einen verspannten Lendenwirbelbereich? Stagnieren Kraft und Beweglichkeit der Muskeln der dorsalen Kette? Sind sie frustriert, dass die Knie bei der „Nordic Hamstring Exercise“ schmerzen? Oder fallen die Übenden nach 30° Vorneigung schon unkontrolliert in Richtung Boden? Dann hilft ein kontrolliertes winkelspezifisches Krafttraining der Ischiokruralmuskulatur getreu dem Konzept „Kraft in der Dehnung“.
Spontaneous Hemothorax by Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation during Pregnancy
Authors: Duan Chuxiao , Mu Yunfei , Yang Yi
Published: July 2023

Background: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is a rare vascular malformation that may cause hemothorax, especially during pregnancy.

Case Description: A 25-year-old woman presented sudden-onset left chest pain, dizziness, and dyspnea in the 27th week of gestation. Computed tomography angiography showed left pleural effusion with complete hemithorax opacification and an aneurysmal PAVM. She exhibited hemorrhagic shock and received emergency exploratory video-assisted thoracic surgery. A ruptured PAVM was identified and stopped by wedge resection in the upper lobe of the left lung. The patient's postoperative clinical course was uncomplicated. She subsequently delivered a healthy live baby vaginally at 41 weeks gestation.

Conclusion: PAVM should be considered in pregnant women with hemothorax. Emergency thoracoscopic surgery is the best treatment option.
Breast Reconstruction after Blunt Breast Trauma: Systematic Review and Case Report Using the Ribeiro Technique
Authors: Mayer Horacio F. , Huatuco René M. Palacios , Ramírez Mariano F. , Buena Ignacio T. Piedra
Published: July 2023

Blunt breast trauma occurs in 2% of blunt chest injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the evidence on breast reconstruction after blunt trauma associated with the use of a seat belt. Also, we describe the first case of breast reconstruction using the Ribeiro technique. In November 2022, a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases was conducted. The literature was screened independently by two reviewers, and the data was extracted. Our search terms included breast, mammoplasty, blunt injury, and seat belts. In addition, we present the case of a woman with a left breast deformity and her reconstruction using the inferior Ribeiro flap technique. Six articles were included. All included studies were published between 2010 and 2021. The studies recruited seven patients. According to the Teo and Song classification, seven class 2b cases were reported. In five cases a breast reduction was performed in the deformed breast with different types of pedicles (three superomedial flaps, one lower flap, one superior flap). Only one case presented complications. The case here presented was a type 2b breast deformity in which the lower Ribeiro pedicle was used successfully without complications during follow-up. Until now there has been no consensus on reconstructive treatment due to the rarity of this entity. However, we must consider surgical treatment individually for each patient. We believe that the Ribeiro technique is a feasible and safe alternative in the treatment of posttraumatic breast deformities, offering very good long-term results.
A Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Chiral Piperidines with Chiral Amino Acid Derivatives and 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Song Shun , Yin Yi-Zhuo , Han Zhi-Yong
Published: July 2023

A photoinduced palladium-catalyzed cascade reaction involving remote C(sp3)–H functionalization and intramolecular Tsuji–Trost annulation is developed. The reaction is proposed to proceed through a sequence involving the amidyl radical generation, 1,5-HAT-mediated alkyl radical formation, and subsequent difunctionalization of 1,3-dienes. Without the use of exogeneous photosensitizers and external oxidants, the reaction provided an efficient approach to multi-substituted chiral piperidines in high yields, employing readily available chiral amino acid derivatives and 1,3-dienes as the substrates. In most cases, the syn/anti ratio of the product could be further improved by treatment with catalytic amount of iron salt.
Career Satisfaction and Burnout among American Muslim Physicians
Authors: Al Sad Sondos , Padela Aasim I.
Published: July 2023

Background Career satisfaction and burnout among physicians are important to study because they impact healthcare quality, outcomes, and physicians' well-being. Relationships between religiosity and these constructs are underexplored, and Muslim American physicians are an understudied population.

Methods To explore relationships between career satisfaction, burnout, and callousness and Muslim physician characteristics, a questionnaire including measures of religiosity, career satisfaction, burnout, callousness, and sociodemographic characteristics was mailed to a random sample of Islamic Medical Association of North America members. Statistical relationships were explored using chi-squared tests and logistic regression models.

Results There were 255 respondents (41% response rate) with a mean age of 52 years. Most (70%) were male, South Asian (70%), and immigrated to the United States as adults (65%). Nearly all (89%) considered Islam the most or very important part of their life, and 85% reported being somewhat or very satisfied with their career. Multivariate models revealed that workplace accommodation of religious identity is the strongest predictor of career satisfaction (odds ratio [OR]: 2.69, p = 0.015) and that respondents who considered religious practice to be the most important part of their lives had higher odds of being satisfied with their career (OR: 2.21, p = 0.049) and lower odds of burnout (OR: 0.51, p = 0.016). Participants who felt that their religion negatively influenced their relationships with colleagues had higher odds of callousness (OR: 2.25, p = 0.003).

Conclusions For Muslim physicians, holding their religion to be the most important part of their life positively associates with career satisfaction and lower odds of burnout and callousness. Critically, perceptions that one's workplace accommodates a physician's religious identity associate strongly with career satisfaction. In this era of attention to physician well-being, the importance of religiosity and religious identity accommodations to positive career outcomes deserves focused policy attention.
Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthroscopy: Indications and Techniques through a Clinical Series
Authors: Tovar-Bazaga Miguel , Pérez-Cuesta Llaneras María , Badia Alejandro
Published: July 2023

Background Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint arthroscopy has been available for many years but sparingly used in typical orthopaedic and hand surgery daily practice. Difficult problems are solved with this technique in a practical and minimally invasive manner. This study describes our diverse experience and broad clinical applications of MCP arthroscopy as well as clinical results. It aims to highlight this technique as one of the tools for a fully trained hand surgeon, avoiding open management and its high complications rates.

Methods We present a retrospective clinical series of 79 patients treated with MCP arthroscopy with a mean age of 44 years old. Demographics, surgery, and clinical outcomes were collected in standardized clinical assessments.

Results We divided the sample into 20 articular metacarpal or proximal phalanx acute fracture with full functional fist and range of motion at 60 days after surgery. Regarding collateral tears, 12 were classified as acute and 47 as chronic. Two patients were reoperated for further gain range of motion.

Conclusions We present an up-to-date publication of our experience in MCP arthroscopy and its applications, with a low complication rate and excellent clinical results. We encourage hand surgeons to incorporate this technique in MCP joint challenging issues.

Level of Evidence IV
Biodiversity and pollination benefits trade off against profit in an intensive farming system
Authors: Scheper Jeroen , Badenhausser Isabelle , Kantelhardt Jochen , Kirchweger Stefan , Bartomeus Ignasi , Bretagnolle Vincent , Clough Yann , Gross Nicolas , Raemakers Ivo , Vilà Montserrat , Zaragoza-Trello Carlos , Kleijn David
Published: July 2023

Agricultural expansion and intensification have boosted global food production but have come at the cost of environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Biodiversity-friendly farming that boosts ecosystem services, such as pollination and natural pest control, is widely being advocated to maintain and improve agricultural productivity while safeguarding biodiversity. A vast body of evidence showing the agronomic benefits of enhanced ecosystem service delivery represent important incentives to adopt practices enhancing biodiversity. However, the costs of biodiversity-friendly management are rarely taken into account and may represent a major barrier impeding uptake by farmers. Whether and how biodiversity conservation, ecosystem service delivery, and farm profit can go hand in hand is unknown. Here, we quantify the ecological, agronomic, and net economic benefits of biodiversity-friendly farming in an intensive grassland–sunflower system in Southwest France. We found that reducing land-use intensity on agricultural grasslands drastically enhances flower availability and wild bee diversity, including rare species. Biodiversity-friendly management on grasslands furthermore resulted in an up to 17% higher revenue on neighboring sunflower fields through positive effects on pollination service delivery. However, the opportunity costs of reduced grassland forage yields consistently exceeded the economic benefits of enhanced sunflower pollination. Our results highlight that profitability is often a key constraint hampering adoption of biodiversity-based farming and uptake critically depends on society’s willingness to pay for associated delivery of public goods such as biodiversity.
Paired single-cell host profiling with multiplex-tagged bacterial mutants reveals intracellular virulence-immune networks
Authors: Heyman Ori , Yehezkel Dror , Ciolli Mattioli Camilla , Blumberger Neta , Rosenberg Gili , Solomon Aryeh , Hoffman Dotan , Bossel Ben-Moshe Noa , Avraham Roi
Published: July 2023

Encounters between host cells and intracellular bacterial pathogens lead to complex phenotypes that determine the outcome of infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is increasingly used to study the host factors underlying diverse cellular phenotypes but has limited capacity to analyze the role of bacterial factors. Here, we developed scPAIR-seq, a single-cell approach to analyze infection with a pooled library of multiplex-tagged, barcoded bacterial mutants. Infected host cells and barcodes of intracellular bacterial mutants are both captured by scRNA-seq to functionally analyze mutant-dependent changes in host transcriptomes. We applied scPAIR-seq to macrophages infected with a library of
Salmonella
Typhimurium secretion system effector mutants. We analyzed redundancy between effectors and mutant-specific unique fingerprints and mapped the global virulence network of each individual effector by its impact on host immune pathways. ScPAIR-seq is a powerful tool to untangle bacterial virulence strategies and their complex interplay with host defense strategies that drive infection outcome.
Ecoevolutionary processes structure milk microbiomes across the mammalian tree of life
Authors: Keady Mia M. , Jimenez Randall R. , Bragg Morgan , Wagner Jenna C. P. , Bornbusch Sally L. , Power Michael L. , Muletz-Wolz Carly R.
Published: July 2023

Milk production is an ancient adaptation that unites all mammals. Milk contains a microbiome that can contribute to offspring health and microbial-immunological development. We generated a comprehensive milk microbiome dataset (16S rRNA gene) for the class Mammalia, representing 47 species from all placental superorders, to determine processes structuring milk microbiomes. We show that across Mammalia, milk exposes offspring to maternal bacterial and archaeal symbionts throughout lactation. Deterministic processes of environmental selection accounted for 20% of milk microbiome assembly processes; milk microbiomes were similar from mammals with the same host superorder (Afrotheria, Laurasiathera, Euarchontoglires, and Xenarthra: 6%), environment (marine captive, marine wild, terrestrial captive, and terrestrial wild: 6%), diet (carnivore, omnivore, herbivore, and insectivore: 5%), and milk nutrient content (sugar, fat, and protein: 3%). We found that diet directly and indirectly impacted milk microbiomes, with indirect effects being mediated by milk sugar content. Stochastic processes, such as ecological drift, accounted for 80% of milk microbiome assembly processes, which was high compared to mammalian gut and mammalian skin microbiomes (69% and 45%, respectively). Even amid high stochasticity and indirect effects, our results of direct dietary effects on milk microbiomes provide support for enteromammary trafficking, representing a mechanism by which bacteria are transferred from the mother’s gut to mammary gland and then to offspring postnatally. The microbial species present in milk reflect both selective pressures and stochastic processes at the host level, exemplifying various ecological and evolutionary factors acting on milk microbiomes, which, in turn, set the stage for offspring health and development.
Climate change will accelerate the high-end risk of compound drought and heatwave events
Authors: Tripathy Kumar P. , Mukherjee Sourav , Mishra Ashok K. , Mann Michael E. , Williams A. Park
Published: July 2023

Compound drought and heatwave (CDHW) events have garnered increased attention due to their significant impacts on agriculture, energy, water resources, and ecosystems. We quantify the projected future shifts in CDHW characteristics (such as frequency, duration, and severity) due to continued anthropogenic warming relative to the baseline recent observed period (1982 to 2019). We combine weekly drought and heatwave information for 26 climate divisions across the globe, employing historical and projected model output from eight Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 GCMs and three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Statistically significant trends are revealed in the CDHW characteristics for both recent observed and model simulated future period (2020 to 2099). East Africa, North Australia, East North America, Central Asia, Central Europe, and Southeastern South America show the greatest increase in frequency through the late 21st century. The Southern Hemisphere displays a greater projected increase in CDHW occurrence, while the Northern Hemisphere displays a greater increase in CDHW severity. Regional warmings play a significant role in CDHW changes in most regions. These findings have implications for minimizing the impacts of extreme events and developing adaptation and mitigation policies to cope with increased risk on water, energy, and food sectors in critical geographical regions.
Subspace partitioning in the human prefrontal cortex resolves cognitive interference
Authors: Weber Jan , Iwama Gabriela , Solbakk Anne-Kristin , Blenkmann Alejandro O. , Larsson Pal G. , Ivanovic Jugoslav , Knight Robert T. , Endestad Tor , Helfrich Randolph
Published: July 2023

The human prefrontal cortex (PFC) constitutes the structural basis underlying flexible cognitive control, where mixed-selective neural populations encode multiple task features to guide subsequent behavior. The mechanisms by which the brain simultaneously encodes multiple task–relevant variables while minimizing interference from task-irrelevant features remain unknown. Leveraging intracranial recordings from the human PFC, we first demonstrate that competition between coexisting representations of past and present task variables incurs a behavioral switch cost. Our results reveal that this interference between past and present states in the PFC is resolved through coding partitioning into distinct low-dimensional neural states; thereby strongly attenuating behavioral switch costs. In sum, these findings uncover a fundamental coding mechanism that constitutes a central building block of flexible cognitive control.
Genetic robustness control of auxin output in priming organ initiation
Authors: Dai Yuqiu , Luo Linjie , Zhao Zhong
Published: July 2023

Auxin signaling is essential for organ initiation in plants. How genetic robustness controls auxin output during organ initiation is largely unknown. Here, we identified
DORNROSCHEN-LIKE
(
DRNL
) as a target of MONOPTEROS (MP) that plays essential roles in organ initiation. We demonstrate that MP physically interacts with DRNL to inhibit cytokinin accumulation by directly activating
ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6
and
CYTOKININ OXIDASE 6
.
DRN
, the paralogous gene of
DRNL
, acts redundantly with
DRNL
but is not coexpressed with
DRNL
in the organ founder cells in which
DRNL
is expressed. We demonstrate that DRNL directly inhibits
DRN
expression in the peripheral zone, whereas
DRN
transcripts are ectopically activated in
drnl
mutants and fully restore the functional deficiency of
drnl
in organ initiation. Our results provide a mechanistic framework for the robust control of auxin signaling in organ initiation through paralogous gene-triggered spatial gene compensation effects.
Forces and energetics of the canonical tetrameric cation channel gating
Authors: Scheuring Simon
Published: July 2023

The canonical gating mechanism of tetrameric cation channels involves the spreading of the pore-lining helices at the so-called bundle-crossing gate. Despite a wealth of structural information, we lack a physical description of the gating process. Here, I took advantage of an entropic polymer stretching physical model and MthK structures to derive the forces and energies involved in pore-domain gating. In MthK, the Ca
2+
-induced conformational change in the RCK domain alone opens the bundle-crossing gate through pulling via unfolded linkers. In the open conformation, the linkers serve as entropic springs between the RCK domain and bundle-crossing gate that store an elastic potential energy of 3.6
k
B
T and exert 9.8 pN (piconewton) radial pulling force to keep the gate open. I further derive that the work to load the linkers to prime the channel for opening is up to 3.8
k
B
T, exerting up to 15.5 pN to pull the bundle-crossing open. Opening of the bundle-crossing leads to a release of 3.3
k
B
T spring potential energy. Thus, the closed/RCK-apo and the open/RCK-Ca
2+
conformations are separated by a barrier of several
k
B
T. I discuss how these findings relate to the functional properties of MthK and suggest that given the architectural conservation of the helix–pore-loop–helix pore-domain among all tetrameric cation channels, these physical parameters might be quite general.
Sialic acid plays a pivotal role in licensing
Citrobacter rodentium’s
transition from the intestinal lumen to a mucosal adherent niche
Authors: Liang Qiaochu , Ma Caixia , Crowley Shauna M. , Allaire Joannie M. , Han Xiao , Chong Raymond W. W. , Packer Nicolle H. , Yu Hong Bing , Vallance Bruce A.
Published: July 2023

Enteric bacterial pathogens pose significant threats to human health; however, the mechanisms by which they infect the mammalian gut in the face of daunting host defenses and an established microbiota remain poorly defined. For the attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterial family member and murine pathogen
Citrobacter rodentium
, its virulence strategy likely involves metabolic adaptation to the host’s intestinal luminal environment, as a necessary precursor to reach and infect the mucosal surface. Suspecting this adaptation involved the intestinal mucus layer, we found that
C. rodentium
was able to catabolize sialic acid, a monosaccharide derived from mucins, and utilize it as its sole carbon source for growth. Moreover,
C. rodentium
also sensed and displayed chemotactic activity toward sialic acid. These activities were abolished when the
nanT
gene, encoding a sialic acid transporter, was deleted (Δ
nanT
). Correspondingly, the Δ
nanT C. rodentium
strain was significantly impaired in its ability to colonize the murine intestine. Intriguingly, sialic acid was also found to induce the secretion of two autotransporter proteins, Pic and EspC, which possess mucinolytic and host-adherent properties. As a result, sialic acid enhanced the ability of
C. rodentium
to degrade intestinal mucus (through Pic), as well as to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells (through EspC). We thus demonstrate that sialic acid, a monosaccharide constituent of the intestinal mucus layer, functions as an important nutrient and a key signal for an A/E bacterial pathogen to escape the colonic lumen and directly infect its host’s intestinal mucosa.
GPCR targeting of E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 by inactive β-arrestin
Authors: Yun Yaejin , Yoon Hye-Jin , Jeong Yejin , Choi Yuri , Jang Soonmin , Chung Ka Young , Lee Hyung Ho
Published: July 2023

E3 ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 facilitates β-arrestin ubiquitination, leading to the internalization of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this process, β-arrestins bind to Mdm2 and recruit it to the receptor; however, the molecular architecture of the β-arrestin-Mdm2 complex has not been elucidated yet. Here, we identified the β-arrestin-binding region (ABR) on Mdm2 and solved the crystal structure of β-arrestin1 in complex with Mdm2
ABR
peptide. The acidic residues of Mdm2
ABR
bind to the positively charged concave side of the β-arrestin1 N-domain. The C-tail of β-arrestin1 is still bound to the N-domain, indicating that Mdm2 binds to the inactive state of β-arrestin1, whereas the phosphorylated C-terminal tail of GPCRs binds to activate β-arrestins. The overlapped binding site of Mdm2 and GPCR C-tails on β-arrestin1 suggests that the binding of GPCR C-tails might trigger the release of Mdm2. Moreover, hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments further show that Mdm2
ABR
binding to β-arrestin1 induces the interdomain interface to be more dynamic and uncouples the IP
6
-induced oligomer of β-arrestin1. These results show how the E3 ligase, Mdm2, interacts with β-arrestins to promote the internalization of GPCRs.
The untranslatability of Literaturnost revisited in the era of artificial intelligence
Authors: Lei Han
Published: July 2023

This paper revisits Roman Jakobson’s literaturnost within the framework of modern poetics and in light of the challenge posed by artificial intelligence to human literary translation. It is argued that literary translation is, in essence, more of a project of code transposition and meaning generation than of message transmission. Furthermore, it is noted that although algorithms can process certain literary devices, they are currently unable to process the polysystemic relations that constitute an artwork’s literaturnost. Consequently, it is emphasized that meaning transferal, meaning generation, and the revolt against meaning will continue to pose barriers for future machine translation even in the long term.
Release of Arabidopsis seed dormancy by cold atmospheric plasma relies on cytoplasmic glass transition
Authors: August Jonas , Dufour Thierry , Bailly Christophe
Published: July 2023

When mature Arabidopsis thaliana seeds are dormant, their germination is prevented in apparently favorable conditions. This primary dormancy can be released during seed dry storage through a process called after-ripening whose duration can last several months. To reduce this delay, cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) can be used as sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of inducing heterogeneous chemical reactions. While CAP are known to stimulate the germination of various seed species, the relationship between CAP treatments and the amorphous solid state of dry seeds remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that seed dormancy can be alleviated using a cold plasma of ambient air and that this alleviation can be amplified for seeds with high water-content (typically 30%DW) or seeds heated at 60 °C during plasma treatment. Differential scanning micro-calorimetry shows that these characteristics control the glassy/rubbery state of the seed cytoplasm. This technique indicates also that a glass transition to the rubbery state strengthens the CAP effects to alleviate seed dormancy. We propose that lower cytoplasmic viscosity can promote the oxidative signaling induced by CAP which, in turn, improves the germination process.