bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of carbon-11 for PET preclinical imaging using a high-repetition rate laser-driven proton source
Authors: Peñas Juan , Alejo Aarón , Bembibre Adrián , Apiñaniz Jon Imanol , García-García Enrique , Guerrero Carlos , Henares José Luis , Hernández-Palmero Irene , Méndez Cruz , Millán-Callado María Ángeles , Puyuelo-Valdés Pilar , Seimetz Michael , Benlliure José
Published: May 2024

Most advanced medical imaging techniques, such as positron-emission tomography (PET), require tracers that are produced in conventional particle accelerators. This paper focuses on the evaluation of a potential alternative technology based on laser-driven ion acceleration for the production of radioisotopes for PET imaging. We report for the first time the use of a high-repetition rate, ultra-intense laser system for the production of carbon-11 in multi-shot operation. Proton bunches with energies up to 10–14 MeV were systematically accelerated in long series at pulse rates between 0.1 and 1 Hz using a PW-class laser. These protons were used to activate a boron target via the $$^{11}$$

11

B(p,n)$$^{11}$$

11

C nuclear reaction. A peak activity of 234 kBq was obtained in multi-shot operation with laser pulses with an energy of 25 J. Significant carbon-11 production was also achieved for lower pulse energies. The experimental carbon-11 activities measured in this work are comparable to the levels required for preclinical PET, which would be feasible by operating at the repetition rate of current state-of-the-art technology (10 Hz). The scalability of next-generation laser-driven accelerators in terms of this parameter for sustained operation over time could increase these overall levels into the clinical PET range.
Construction of TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunction films for excellent electrochromic performance
Authors: Lv Zhengqiao , Yang Di , Mo Jianwei , Jin Ziyi , Chang Shuai
Published: May 2024

Electrochromic devices are applied extensively to camouflages, smart windows, heat insulation layers, and automobile rearview mirrors, etc. The amorphous WO3 is a very attractive electrochromic material, whereas it suffers from degradation of optical modulation and reversibility on ion exchange owing to those deep trapped ions with irreversible reaction behavior. Herein, we designed and, by using magnetron sputtering, prepared a composite film with TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunctions, which is capable of eliminating the deep trapped ions by itself under ultraviolet light (UV) assistance. The electrochromic device based on this composite film, after being recovery by short-time UV irradiation, can maintain a high transmission modulation of 94.72% after 7000 cycles of the voltammetry measurement. This feature allows the device to maintain its initial electrochromic performance after prolonged use. Moreover, the double heterojunction structure can reduce colouring time and enormously improve the colouration efficiency (CE) of electrochromic devices. Experimental research shows that when the thickness of the bottom and upper TiO2 layer of the WO3 film was 145.5 nm and 97.0 nm, respectively, the CE of electrochromic devices reached a perfectly high value (479.3 cm2/C), being much higher than that of WO3 devices (69.5 cm2/C). Functions of the TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunction in electrochromic device were investigated by combining theoretical analysis and experiment validation, and these results provide a general framework for developing and designing superior electrochromic materials and devices.
A CMOS-integrated terahertz near-field sensor based on an ultra-strongly coupled meta-atom
Authors: Chernyadiev Alexander V. , But Dmytro B. , Ivonyak Yurii , Ikamas Kęstutis , Lisauskas Alvydas
Published: May 2024

Recently, plasmonic-based sensors operating in the terahertz frequency range have emerged as perspective tools for rapid and efficient label-free biosensing applications. In this work, we present a fully electronic approach allowing us to achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity by utilizing a near-field-coupled electronic sensor. We demonstrate that the proposed concept enables the efficient implementation and probing of a so-called ultra-strongly coupled sub-wavelength meta-atom as well as a single resonant circuit, allowing to limit the volume of material under test down to a few picoliter range. The sensor has been monolithically integrated into a cost-efficient silicon-based CMOS technology. Our findings are supported by both numerical and analytical models and validated through experiments. They lay the groundwork for near-future developments, outlining the perspectives for a terahertz microfluidic lab-on-chip dielectric spectroscopy sensor.
Evolutionary game analysis of data sharing among large and medium-sized enterprises in the perspective of platform empowerment
Authors: Li Dan , Mei Xudong
Published: May 2024

With the swift advancement of the global digital economy, data has emerged as a critical component in fostering the integration of large enterprises with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Nevertheless, due to disparities in resources and capabilities between these entities, there is a deficiency in the willingness to share data, hindering the full actualization of data’s potential value. Hence, it is imperative to facilitate a novel cooperative development paradigm wherein platforms enable data sharing among large enterprises and SMEs. In this paper, we construct a tripartite evolutionary game model encompassing large enterprises, SMEs, and digital platforms, examine the evolutionary stable strategies adopted by these entities in the data sharing, and use numerical simulation to explore the system’s evolutionary stability under various influencing factors. Contrasting with prior research, this study considers the heterogeneity of enterprise scale and delves into the data sharing dynamics between large enterprises and SMEs. Simultaneously, it positions the digital platform as a player in the game, examining its impact on data sharing among the enterprises. Findings indicate that: (1) SMEs exhibit greater eagerness for data sharing compared to large enterprises, which display a U-shaped influence during the process; (2) Digital platforms are particularly sensitive to costs, with the platform’s initiative and the service quality will affect enterprises strategic choices; (3) Government subsidies positively encourage tripartite cooperation, and robust data security governance framework is crucial for enterprises. Finally, based on the results of the study and combining with the current situation of digital economy development, it puts forward the suggestions for promoting platforms to empower large enterprises and SMEs to realize data sharing and the prospects for future research.
Angiogenesis-associated pathways play critical roles in neonatal sepsis outcomes
Authors: Fidanza Mario , Hibbert Julie , Acton Erica , Harbeson Danny , Schoeman Elizna , Skut Patrycja , Woodman Tabitha , Eynaud Adrien , Hartnell Lucy , Brook Byron , Cai Bing , Lo Mandy , Falsafi Reza , Hancock Robert E. W. , Chiume-Kayuni Msandeni , Lufesi Norman , Popescu Constantin R. , Lavoie Pascal M. , Strunk Tobias , Currie Andrew J. , Kollmann Tobias R. , Amenyogbe Nelly , Lee Amy H.
Published: May 2024

Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of childhood mortality. Limited diagnostic tools and mechanistic insights have hampered our abilities to develop prophylactic or therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers in human neonatal sepsis have been repeatedly identified as associated with dysregulation of angiopoietin signaling and altered arachidonic acid metabolism. We here provide the mechanistic evidence in support of the relevance for these observations. Angiopoetin-1 (Ang-1), which promotes vascular integrity, was decreased in blood plasma of human and murine septic newborns. In preclinical models, administration of Ang-1 provided prophylactic protection from septic death. Arachidonic acid metabolism appears to be functionally connected to Ang-1 via reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a direct role of nitric oxide (NO). Strengthening this intersection via oral administration of arachidonic acid and/or the NO donor L-arginine provided prophylactic as well as therapeutic protection from septic death while also increasing plasma Ang-1 levels among septic newborns. Our data highlight that targeting angiogenesis-associated pathways with interventions that increase Ang-1 activity directly or indirectly through ROS/eNOS provide promising avenues to prevent and/or treat severe neonatal sepsis.
Upregulation of the AMPK-FOXO1-PDK4 pathway is a primary mechanism of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity reduction in tafazzin-deficient cells
Authors: Liang Zhuqing , Ralph-Epps Tyler , Schmidtke Michael W. , Lazcano Pablo , Denis Simone W. , Balážová Mária , Teixeira da Rosa Nevton , Chakkour Mohamed , Hazime Sanaa , Ren Mindong , Schlame Michael , Houtkooper Riekelt H. , Greenberg Miriam L.
Published: May 2024

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN gene. Previous studies from both patients and model systems have established metabolic dysregulation as a core component of BTHS pathology. In particular, features such as lactic acidosis, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency, and aberrant fatty acid and glucose oxidation have been identified. However, the lack of a mechanistic understanding of what causes these conditions in the context of BTHS remains a significant knowledge gap, and this has hindered the development of effective therapeutic strategies for treating the associated metabolic problems. In the current study, we utilized tafazzin-knockout C2C12 mouse myoblasts (TAZ-KO) and cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue from tafazzin-knockout mice to identify an upstream mechanism underlying impaired PDH activity in BTHS. This mechanism centers around robust upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), resulting from hyperactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and subsequent transcriptional upregulation by forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). Upregulation of PDK4 in tafazzin-deficient cells causes direct phospho-inhibition of PDH activity accompanied by increased glucose uptake and elevated intracellular glucose concentration. Collectively, our findings provide a novel mechanistic framework whereby impaired tafazzin function ultimately results in robust PDK4 upregulation, leading to impaired PDH activity and likely linked to dysregulated metabolic substrate utilization. This mechanism may underlie previously reported findings of BTHS-associated metabolic dysregulation.
Initial tweet valence, abuse volume, and observer Dark Tetrad characteristics influence perceptions of female celebrity abuse on Twitter
Authors: Hand Christopher J. , Ingram Joanne , Glover Kayleigh , Brodie Zara P. , Scott Graham G.
Published: May 2024

Research into relationships between victim-generated content, abuse received, and observer characteristics when considering Twitter abuse has been limited to male victims. We evaluated participant perceptions of female celebrity victims and abuse received on Twitter. We used a 3 (Initial Tweet Valence; negative, neutral, positive) × 2 (Abuse Volume; low, high) repeated measures design and online survey method. Participants were shown tweets generated by six female celebrities, counterbalanced such that each participant saw each celebrity in one Valence-Volume condition. Stimuli were presented across six ‘lists’ such that celebrity ‘victims’ could be rotated across Valence-Volume pairings. Participants rated—per target stimulus—the level of blame attributable to the victim and the perceived severity of the incident. Furthermore, participants were asked to complete a Dark Tetrad scale—measuring their Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Sadism. Analyses determined that victim-blaming was influenced by victim Initial Tweet Valence (greater victim-blaming associated with more-negative content) and observer Machiavellianism. Perceived severity was influenced by victim Initial Tweet Valence, Volume of Abuse received, and observer Machiavellianism. Results were consistent with previous research involving male celebrity victims. Further research is needed to understand the contributions of participants’ hostile and benevolent sexism, as well as the role of victim attractiveness.
Nudge-based misinformation interventions are effective in information environments with low misinformation prevalence
Authors: Butler Lucy H. , Prike Toby , Ecker Ullrich K. H.
Published: May 2024

Nudge-based misinformation interventions are presented as cheap and effective ways to reduce the spread of misinformation online. However, despite online information environments typically containing relatively low volumes of misinformation, most studies testing the effectiveness of nudge interventions present equal proportions of true and false information. As the effectiveness of nudges can be highly context-dependent, it is imperative to validate the effectiveness of nudge-based interventions in environments with more realistic proportions of misinformation. The current study (N = 1387) assessed the effectiveness of a combined accuracy and social-norm nudge in simulated social-media environments with varying proportions of misinformation (50%, 20%, and 12.5%) relative to true and non-news-based (i.e., “social”) information. The nudge intervention was effective at improving sharing discernment in conditions with lower proportions of misinformation, providing ecologically valid support for the use of nudge-based interventions to counter misinformation propagation on social media.
Chromosomal damage, gene expression and alternative transcription in human lymphocytes exposed to mixed ionizing radiation as encountered in space
Authors: Riego Milagrosa López , Meher Prabodha Kumar , Brzozowska Beata , Akuwudike Pamela , Bucher Martin , Oestreicher Ursula , Lundholm Lovisa , Wojcik Andrzej
Published: May 2024

Astronauts travelling in space will be exposed to mixed beams of particle radiation and photons. Exposure limits that correspond to defined cancer risk are calculated by multiplying absorbed doses by a radiation-type specific quality factor that reflects the biological effectiveness of the particle without considering possible interaction with photons. We have shown previously that alpha radiation and X-rays may interact resulting in synergistic DNA damage responses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes but the level of intra-individual variability was high. In order to assess the variability and validate the synergism, blood from two male donors was drawn at 9 time points during 3 seasons of the year and exposed to 0–2 Gy of X-rays, alpha particles or 1:1 mixture of both (half the dose each). DNA damage response was quantified by chromosomal aberrations and by mRNA levels of 3 radiation-responsive genes FDXR, CDKN1A and MDM2 measured 24 h post exposure. The quality of response in terms of differential expression of alternative transcripts was assessed by using two primer pairs per gene. A consistently higher than expected effect of mixed beams was found in both donors for chromosomal aberrations and gene expression with some seasonal variability for the latter. No synergy was detected for alternative transcription.
Downregulation of miR-181c-5p in Alzheimer’s disease weakens the response of microglia to Aβ phagocytosis
Authors: Li Rongjie , Yao Shanshan , Wei Feijie , Chen Meixiang , Zhong Yuanli , Zou Chun , Chen Liechun , Wei Lichun , Yang Chunxia , Zhang Xiyuan , Liu Ying
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease. Recently, studies have demonstrated the potential involvement of microRNA-181c-5p (miR-181c-5p) in AD. However, the mechanism through which miR-181c-5p is responsible for the onset and progression of this disease remains unclear, and our study aimed to explore this problem. Differential expression analysis of the AD dataset was performed to identify dysregulated genes. Based on hypergeometric analysis, AD differential the upstream regulation genes miR-181c-5p was found. We constructed a model where SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells were exposed to Aβ1-42 to simulate AD. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and IL-1β were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Phosphorylation levels of p-P38 and P38 were detected by Western blot. The level of apoptosis in BV2 cells under Aβ1-42 stress was exacerbated by miR-181c-5p mimic. Downregulated miR-181c-5p impaired the phagocytosis and degradation of Aβ by BV2 cells. The release of proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells with Aβ1-42 stress was alleviated by miR-181c-5p upregulation. Additionally, miR-181c-5p downregulation alleviated the phosphorylation of P38 in Aβ1-42-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, miR-181c-5p improves the phagocytosis of Aβ by microglial cells in AD patients, thereby reducing neuroinflammation.
Preparation of MWCNT/CoMn2O4 nanocomposite for effectual degradation of picric acid via peroxymonosulfate activation
Authors: Farajollahi Ayda , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad
Published: May 2024

In recent years, using nanomaterials based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) through the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has attracted more attention to the degradation of organic pollutants. This research presented a new route for the synthesis of MWCNT/CoMn2O4 nanocomposite for the degradation of picric acid using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Firstly, CoMn2O4 nanoparticles were prepared and then loaded on MWCNT using ultrasonic waves. The results of various analyzes confirmed the successful loading of nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes. As the degradation process proceeds through oxidation processes, the high electronic conductivity of MWCNT and the active sites of Mn and Co in the nanocomposite play an essential role in activating PMS to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). An investigation of the reaction mechanism in different conditions showed that the highest speed of picric acid decomposition in the presence of nanocomposite (98%) was in 47 min. However, the scavenger test showed that HO· and SO4·− radicals are more important in the degradation process. Meanwhile, the results showed that removing picric acid using MWCNT/CoMn2O4 was more effective than CoMn2O4 alone and confirmed the interaction effect of MWCNT nanotubes with AB2O4 nanocatalyst.
Low signs of territorial behavior in the Eurasian otter during low-water conditions in a Mediterranean river
Authors: Jiménez José , Del Río Lucía , Ferreras Pablo , Godinho Raquel
Published: May 2024

The Eurasian otterLutra lutrais a territorial semi-aquatic carnivore usually found at low densities in rivers, coastal areas, and wetlands. Its diet is based on prey associated with aquatic environments. Mediterranean rivers are highly seasonal, and suffer reduced flow during the summer, resulting in isolated river sections (pools) that sometimes can be left with a minimal amount of water, leading to concentrations of food for otters. To our knowledge, this process, which was known to field naturalists, has not been accurately described, nor have otter densities been estimated under these conditions. In this study, we describe the population size and movements of an aggregation of otters in an isolated pool in the Guadiana River in the Tablas de Daimiel National Park (central Spain), which progressively dried out during the spring–summer of 2022, in a context of low connectivity due to the absence of circulating water in the Guadiana and Gigüela rivers. Using non-invasive genetic sampling of 120 spraints collected along 79.4 km of sampling transects and spatial capture-recapture methods, we estimated the otter density at 1.71 individuals/km of river channel length (4.21 individuals/km2) in a progressively drying river pool, up to five times higher than previously described in the Iberian Peninsula. The movement patterns obtained with the spatial capture-recapture model are not quite different from those described in low density, which seems to indicate a wide home range overlap, with low signs of territoriality.
Effect of prolonged pressure equalization on final drifting during pressure wire studies
Authors: Jong Chien-Boon , Lu Tsui-Shan , Lin Lin , Chen Tsung-Yan , Liao Min-Tsun , Kuo Jui-Cheng
Published: May 2024

Pressure drifting is a troublesome error in invasive coronary function tests. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between prolonged and short-time pressure equalizations in pressure drifting. Pressure drifting was defined as the pressure gradient between the mean pressure of the distal wire sensor (Pd) and aortic pressure (Pa) when the wire was withdrawn to the tip of the guiding catheter. Significant drifts 1 and 2 were defined as the absolute values of pressure gradients > 2 and > 3 mmHg, respectively. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations between prolonged pressure equalization and each pressure drifting. The prolonged pressure equalization strategy was associated with a lower incidence of drift 1 than the short-time pressure equalization strategy (6.84% vs. 16.92%, p < 0.05). However, no statistical differences were found in the incidence of drift 2 between the prolonged and short-time pressure equalization strategies (4.27% vs. 7.69%, p = 0.34). In the multivariable regression model, only the prolonged pressure equalization strategy predicted a lower incidence of pressure drift 1. In conclusion, the prolonged pressure equalization strategy was associated with a lower incidence of significant pressure drifting with more stringent thresholds than the short-time pressure equalization strategy.
A genome-wide association study identifies a locus associated with knee extension strength in older Japanese individuals
Authors: Ito Shuji , Takuwa Hiroshi , Kakehi Saori , Someya Yuki , Kaga Hideyoshi , Kumahashi Nobuyuki , Kuwata Suguru , Wakatsuki Takuya , Kadowaki Masaru , Yamamoto Soichiro , Abe Takafumi , Takeda Miwako , Ishikawa Yuki , Liu Xiaoxi , Otomo Nao , Suetsugu Hiroyuki , Koike Yoshinao , Hikino Keiko , Tomizuka Kohei , Momozawa Yukihide , Ozaki Kouichi , Isomura Minoru , Nabika Toru , Kaneko Haruka , Ishijima Muneaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka , Tamura Yoshifumi , Uchio Yuji , Ikegawa Shiro , Terao Chikashi
Published: May 2024

Sarcopenia is a common skeletal muscle disease in older people. Lower limb muscle strength is a good predictive value for sarcopenia; however, little is known about its genetic components. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for knee extension strength in a total of 3452 Japanese aged 60 years or older from two independent cohorts. We identified a significant locus, rs10749438 which is an intronic variant in TACC2 (transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing 2) (P = 4.2 × 10−8). TACC2, encoding a cytoskeleton-related protein, is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, and is reported as a target of myotonic dystrophy 1-associated splicing alterations. These suggest that changes in TACC2 expression are associated with variations in muscle strength in older people. The association was consistently observed in young and middle-aged subjects. Our findings would shed light on genetic components of lower limb muscle strength and indicate TACC2 as a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia.
Multilevel quantum mechanical calculations show the role of promoter molecules in the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether in H-ZSM-5
Authors: Crossley-Lewis Joe , Dunn Josh , Hickman Isabel F. , Jackson Fiona , Sunley Glenn J. , Buda Corneliu , Mulholland Adrian J. , Allan Neil L.
Published: May 2024

Multilevel ab initio calculations reveal the role of promoters in the dehydration of methanol in H-ZSM-5.
A kinetic study of mechanically activated atom exchange: the effect of milling frequency and ball mass
Authors: Carta Maria , Lukin Stipe , Delogu Francesco , Halasz Ivan
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the mechanochemical reaction of hydrogen isotope exchange between solid benzoic acid and liquid heavy water.
Metformin and silymarin loaded onto poly(caprolactone)/chitosan polymeric nanofiber based pads for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Sepahdar Asma , Rahnamafar Reyhaneh , Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Azadbakht Kamran , Eslami Omid , Rezvanfar Mohammad Amin , Rezaei Ghassem , Javar Hamid Akbari
Published: May 2024

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent genetic-metabolic diseases worldwide, affecting a significant number of individuals from diverse communities.
A SARS-CoV-2 Mprofluorescent sensor for exploring pharmacodynamic substances from traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Han Lei , Wang Bing , Sun Kunhui , Sitara Muqadas , Li Meifang , Wang Ping , Chen Ning , Yu Xie-an , Tian Jiangwei
Published: May 2024

The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) plays a critical role in the replication and life cycle of the virus.
Study of nusinersen metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with spinal muscular atrophy using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Studzińska Sylwia , Błachowicz Oliwia , Bocian Szymon , Kalisz Oktawia , Jaworska Aleksandra , Szymarek Jakub , Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska Maria
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to analyze nusinersen metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid samples using ion-pair reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Engineering the heterogeneous photocatalytic activity of crystalline decatungstate-based coordination polymers
Authors: Wang Meiying , Jia Chunbo , Hui Hehua , Xu Qianxiang , Li Xiang , Ren Yuanhang , Yue Bin , He Heyong
Published: May 2024

Four novel decatungstate-based coordination polymers were constructed, exhibiting differentiated catalytic activities due to their distinct decatungstate coordination modes.
The atypical solubility of silver(i) pentafluorobenzoate and its use as a catch-and-release agent
Authors: Ward Jas S.
Published: May 2024

The atypically good solubility of (AgCO2C6F5)n reversibly forms crystalline adducts with liquid substrates (including chiral natural products) for SCXRD analysis.
Effect of counterions on the structure and dynamics of water near a negatively charged surfactant: a theoretical vibrational sum frequency generation study
Authors: Malik Ravi , Saito Shinji , Chandra Amalendu
Published: May 2024

The structure and dynamics of water near a negatively charged surfactant in the presence of counterions are studied through molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical spectroscopic calculations.
Unexpected concentration dependence of the mass accommodation coefficient of water on aqueous triethylene glycol droplets
Authors: Gleichweit Michael J. , Azizbaig Mohajer Mercede , Borgeaud dit Avocat Dominique P. , Divéky Matúš E. , David Grégory , Signorell Ruth
Published: May 2024

Modulated Mie scattering measurements on single optically-trapped droplets were used to determine the mass accommodation coefficient of water on aqueous triethylene glycol aerosol droplets.
Infrared spectra and fragmentation dynamics of isotopologue-selective mixed-ligand complexes
Authors: Watson Peter D. , Meizyte Gabriele , Pearcy Philip A. J. , Brewer Edward I. , Green Alice E. , Robertson Christopher , Paterson Martin J. , Mackenzie Stuart R.
Published: May 2024

Isotopologue substitution reveals fine structural details in isolated mixed-ligand ion-molecule complexes and allows further exploration of unusual fragmentation dynamics.
Theoretical study of the structural and energetic properties of Ce1−xZrxO2 nanoparticles via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Santos Mylena N. , Lourenço Tuanan C. , Mocelim Mauricio , Da Silva Juarez L. F.
Published: May 2024

The combination of ceria (CeO2) with different metal oxides (MO2), e.g. Ce1−xMxO2, has been strategically used to enhance its intrinsic properties.
Charge density fluctuation determined the interlayer friction in bilayer MN4 (M = Be, Mg, and Pt)
Authors: Hou Defeng , Niu Ziyu , Li Xuhong , Jing Xixiang , Sun Jing , Fan Xiaoli , Shi Junqin , Cao Tengfei
Published: May 2024

MN4 (M = Be, Mg, and Pt) represents a class of van der Waals material, and the differences in friction arise from variations in charge density, ultimately relying on the electronic orbital hybridization of different metallic elements.
Balancing interlayer spacing, pore structures and conductivity endows hard carbon with high capacity for rechargeable aluminum batteries
Authors: Li Shuang , Zhang Zeyu , Yuan Fei , Wang Zhen , Wang Bo
Published: May 2024

N-doped carbon (marked as P-M) is synthesized. The synthesized P-M has expanded interlayer spacing and rich pore structures and shows increased conductivity, thus delivering long cycle lifespan.
AnB8−: borozene complexes with monovalent actinide
Authors: Li Wan-Lu , Burkhardt Jordan
Published: May 2024

Monovalent actinide was theoretically predicted in AnB8− borozene for early and late actinide species with σ and π double aromaticity.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as fuel-dependent markers in ship engine emissions using single-particle mass spectrometry
Authors: Anders Lukas , Schade Julian , Rosewig Ellen Iva , Schmidt Marco , Irsig Robert , Jeong Seongho , Käfer Uwe , Gröger Thomas , Bendl Jan , Saraji-Bozorgzad Mohammad Reza , Adam Thomas , Etzien Uwe , Czech Hendryk , Buchholz Bert , Streibel Thorsten , Passig Johannes , Zimmermann Ralf
Published: May 2024

Single-particle mass spectrometric information on PAHs in ship emissions can indicate the type of fuel used.
Ozone generation and chemistry from 222 nm germicidal ultraviolet light in a fragrant restroom
Authors: Link Michael F. , Robertson Rileigh L. , Shore Andrew , Hamadani Behrang H. , Cecelski Christina E. , Poppendieck Dustin G.
Published: May 2024

Devices using 222 nm germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV222) have been marketed to reduce virus transmission indoors. However, GUV222 generates ozone which can react with gases and surfaces to create undesirable air byproducts.
A robotic system for automated chemical synthesis of therapeutic agents
Authors: Bao Kai , Yoon Jong Seo , Ahn Sung , Lee Jeong Heon , Cross Conor J. , Jeong Myung Yung , Frangioni John V. , Choi Hak Soo
Published: May 2024

Development of an integrated robotic chemistry system and customized software for the automated operation of complete split-pool chemistry procedures.
A one-step method for generating antimicrobial nanofibre meshes via coaxial electrospinning
Authors: Zhang Fangyuan , Jacobs Amy I. , Woodall Maximillian , Hailes Helen C. , Uchegbu Ijeoma F. , Fernandez-Reyes Delmiro , Smith Claire M. , Dziemidowicz Karolina , Williams Gareth R.
Published: May 2024

We report a cetrimonium bromide-coated nanofibre mesh, manufactured using coaxial electrospinning, which demonstrates effective antibacterial and antiviral properties against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2.
Ni/NiO/C hollow microspheres fabricated by a mist-CVD process using ethanolamine: an efficient OER catalyst
Authors: Tu Rong , Liu Jiangwei , Zheng Yingqiu , Song Chao , Zhang Chitengfei , Han Yuzhe , Xu Rongchen , Luo Guoqiang , Zhang Song , Goto Takashi
Published: May 2024

Using a simple mist-CVD route, Ni/NiO/C hollow microspheres were fabricated with high OER activity, employing ethanolamine and nickel chloride as precursors.
Computational design of C-substituted paraquat/diquat derivatives for neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries
Authors: Jin Wei , Chen Yanli , Chen Lai-Ke , Wu De-Yin , Xu Juan , Cao Jianyu
Published: May 2024

Identifying optimal C-substituted quaternary bipyridinium derivatives for the anolyte materials of neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries via DFT theoretical calculation approaches.
Multiobjective optimization of a g-C3N4/Cd-Zn3In2S6 heterojunction for high-efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Qin Yijin , Li Yan , Yang Jing , Li Meng , Zhang Hongxi , Yang Xiande , Wei Liang
Published: May 2024

Zn3In2S6 (ZIS) doped with Cd2+ and heterojunction construction with g-C3N4 (GCN) can synergistically improve photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic H2 production rate of 5% GCN/Cd/ZIS composite can reach 3.34 mmol g−1 h−1.
Expanding the versatility of trihalophenols as molecular templates to achieve a series of [2+2] cycloaddition reaction involving 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene
Authors: Andren Max , Unruh Daniel K. , Krueger Herman R. , Groeneman Ryan H.
Published: May 2024

The formation of a series of hydrogen-bonded co-crystals that contain 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene along with one of three trihalophenols is reported. Each co-crystal undergoes a quantitative [2+2] cycloaddition reaction in the organic solid state.
Electrochemical sensing of Hg(ii) in chicken liver and snail shell extract samples using novel modified SDA/MWCNT electrodes
Authors: Gayathri Jayagopi , Roniboss A. , Sivalingam Sivakumar , Sangeetha Selvan Kumar
Published: May 2024

Toxic metal ions (Hg(ii)) were detected in fresh chicken liver and snail shell extract samples using novel synthesised SDA/MWCNT-modified electrodes.
Stabilisation of solid-state cubic ammonia confined in a glass substance at ambient temperature under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Morishita Masao , Miyoshi Hayate , Kawasaki Haruto , Yanagita Hidefumi
Published: May 2024

Ammonia exhibits structural transitions depending on T and p, offering valuable insights into planetary science. Cubic crystal ammonia was stabilized at ambient T under atmospheric p for the first time, being a candidate of hydrogen storage medium.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking of novel ferulic acid derivatives containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether and trifluoromethyl pyrimidine skeleton
Authors: An Jiansong , Pan Nianjuan , Liu Chunyi , Chen Haijiang , Fei Qiang , Gan Xiuhai , Wu Wenneng
Published: May 2024

Compound 6f displayed better antifungal activity against Phomopsis sp. Our study demonstrated that compound 6f formed hydrogen bonds with SER-17, SER-39, ARG-14 and ARG-43 of SDH.
The influence of bicarbonate concentration and ionic strength on peroxide speciation and overall reactivity towards UO2
Authors: Olsson Daniel , Aydogan Hazal , Jonsson Mats
Published: May 2024

Coordination of H2O2 by UO22+ suppresses reaction between H2O2 and UO2 in bicarbonate solutions. The suppression is greater at lower [CO32−] due to higher fractions of (UO2)x(O2)y(CO3)z2x−2y−2z.
Ultrafast preparation of ruthenium nanoparticle/molybdenum oxide/nitrogen-doped carbon nanocomposites by magnetic induction heating for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yu Bingzhe , Liu Qiming , Pan Dingjie , Singewald Kevin , DuBois Davida , Tressel John , Hou Bryan , Millhauser Glenn L. , Bridges Frank , Chen Shaowei
Published: May 2024

Synergetic interactions between ruthenium and molybdenum oxide weaken H adsorption on ruthenium active sites and hence enhance the electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction.
Highly stable LiTa2PO8-based hybrid solid electrolytes via the in situ interfacial formation technique for solid-state lithium-metal batteries
Authors: Walle Kumlachew Zelalem , Wu Yi-Shiuan , Chien Wen-Chen , Kotobuki Masashi , Wu She-Huang , Yang Chun-Chen
Published: May 2024

We report a novel Li-ion conducting material via solid-state method. Enabling a hybrid solid electrolyte membrane through a simple solution-casting. We improved the interfacial wettability and stability of the electrode and solid electrolyte interfaces. Achieving good performance in a coin battery.
Suppression of charge carrier recombination in a Ta3N5 photoanode via defect regulation: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Fan Guozheng , Zhou Zhaobo , Jing Yu , Frauenheim Thomas
Published: May 2024

Intrinsic defects, charge states, O impurities, and metal doping are the main factors in determining the recombination dynamics of Ta3N5. Ionizing N vacancies and Mg doping efficiently mitigate defect-induced charge carrier recombination.
Multi-functional molecule advancing the efficiency of pure 3D FASnI3 perovskite solar cells based on the tin tetraiodide reduction method
Authors: Li Hao , Shi Haoyu , Tan Qin , Chen Guocong , Wang Jiafeng , Ma Guoqiang , He Dong , Cheng Tianle , Gao Han , Lamberti Francesco , He Zhubing
Published: May 2024

Based on the Tin Tetraiodide Reduction (TTR) method, high-quality 3D-FASnI3 film was obtained by using phenylhydrazine-4-sulfonic acid as the additive in the precursor solution, breaking the efficiency record of 3D FASnI3 perovskite solar cells.
Beyond molecular structure: critically assessing machine learning for designing organic photovoltaic materials and devices
Authors: Seifrid Martin , Lo Stanley , Choi Dylan G. , Tom Gary , Le My Linh , Li Kunyu , Sankar Rahul , Vuong Hoai-Thanh , Wakidi Hiba , Yi Ahra , Zhu Ziyue , Schopp Nora , Peng Aaron , Luginbuhl Benjamin R. , Nguyen Thuc-Quyen , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: May 2024

We assess state of machine learning for organic photovoltaic devices and data availability within the field, discuss best practices in representations and model selection, and release a comprehensive dataset of devices and fabrication conditions.
High-entropy alloy nanocages with highly ordered {100} facets and ultrathin features for water splitting in an acidic medium
Authors: Su Keying , Yang Shan , Zhu Yulu , Liang Yujia , Tang Yawen , Qiu Xiaoyu
Published: May 2024

PtIrRuRhPd HEA cubic nanocages with ordered {100} facets and ultrathin shells exhibit high electro-catalytic activities for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in an acidic medium.
Regulating the interlayer spacing of Ca0.55ZrH0.9(PO4)2 for selective removal of Sr2+ from acidic wastewater
Authors: Liu Ruixi , Zhao Qian , Wang Zeru , Jiang Rui , Lin Chuancong , Wu LinZhen , Chen Guangyuan , He Pan , Zhu Lin , Chen Jing , Duan Tao
Published: May 2024

Selective trapping of Sr2+ by calcium zirconium phosphate (Ca0.55ZrH0.9(PO4)2) in an acidic competing ion environment.
Silk–gelatin hybrid hydrogel: a potential carrier for RNA therapeutics
Authors: Mahaling Binapani , Roy Chandrashish , Ghosh Sourabh
Published: May 2024

A silk fibroin (SF) and gelatin (Gel) hydrogel has been developed to stabilize RNA and enable regulated release. As per findings, SF interacts more with RNA than collagen, gel, and chitosan. This provides valuable perspectives on developing RNA therapies for use in biological applications.
Radioactive hybrid semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for imaging-guided tri-modal therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Gu Junhao , Cheng Danling , Li Haiyan , Yu Tao , Zhang Zhenghe , Liu Yue , Wang Xiaoying , Lu Xia , Li Jingchao
Published: May 2024

Radioactive hybrid semiconducting polymer nanoparticles are developed for imaging-guided photothermal–photodynamic–sonodynamic tri-modal therapy of breast cancer.
Sonocrystallization induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence via distortion of molecular geometry
Authors: Maggiore Antonio , Qu Yangyang , Pander Piotr , Dias Fernando B. , Clavier Gilles , Guillot Regis , Altamura Davide , Giannini Cinzia , Maiorano Vincenzo , Audebert Pierre , Miomandre Fabien
Published: May 2024

We present a donor–acceptor molecule Phx-BzN which displays virtually no photoluminescence in solution but shows strong thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in form of microcrystals obtained by sonicating water suspension of the compound.
Spontaneous and reversible spin-splitting in ferroelectric A-type antiferromagnetism
Authors: Zhang Liguo , Guo San-Dong , Wang Guangzhao
Published: May 2024

We propose a possible way to produce spin-splitting in A-type antiferromagnetism with ferroelectric (FE) polarization in the absence of spin–orbital coupling (SOC). Moreover, the spontaneous spin-splitting in FE A-type antiferromagnetism is ferroelectrically controllable and reversible.
Enhanced narrow green emission via efficient energy transfer from Eu2+ to Mn2+ in KAl4Ga7O17 for backlit LCD displays
Authors: Zhang Bohua , Lu Zhentong , Zhang Haoran , Li Wei , Zhuang Jianle , Hu Chaofan , Liu Yingliang , Lei Bingfu , Zhang Xuejie
Published: May 2024

Nearly single-band and high PLQY narrow-green-emitting phosphor was obtained by constructing efficient Eu2+ → Mn2+ energy transfer in the KAl4Ga7O17 host.
Stimuli responsive dynamic polymer networks with tunable toughness and elasticity through the regulation of covalent crosslinking and reversible hydrogen bonds
Authors: Zhang Ruixue , Lai Meng , Bai Hongyuan , Ma Hongwei , Han Li
Published: May 2024

Construction of stimulus responsive dynamic polymer networks with tunable mechanical properties by regulating the covalent crosslinking and hydrogen bonds.
Advances in multifunctional flexible MXene-based stress sensors
Authors: Yang Wenke , Liu Shun , Wang Yalong , Liu Hu , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: May 2024

This article reviews the fabrication methods, structural design, sensing performances and multifunctional applications of MXene-based stress sensors, and their challenges and development trends are also discussed.
Tri-layered Si/Co3O4/ZnO heterojunction for high-performance visible photodetection
Authors: Domingues Leonardo , Jayakrishnan Ampattu R. , Kaim Adrian , Gwozdz Katarzyna , Istrate Marian C. , Ghica Corneliu , Pereira Mario , Castro António , Marques Luís , Hoye Robert L. Z. , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. , Silva José P. B.
Published: May 2024

Tri-layered heterojunction devices based on oxide thin films are attracting significant attention for ultra-fast visible photodetection.
New pyrochlore La2Zr2O7 ceramics with ultra-high breakdown electric field strength and energy storage efficiency
Authors: Sui Teng , Feng Qin , Luo Nengneng , He Jinhong , Huang Haoxiang , Yuan Changlai , Cen Zhenyong , Chen Xiyong
Published: May 2024

The application potential of the La2Zr2O7 ceramic as a lead-free dielectric capacitor was first proposed and investigated. The breakdown field strength is 1350 kV cm−1, the energy storage density is 3.89 J cm−3, and the efficiency is 89.78%.
Electrochemical-catalytic NH3 synthesis from H2O and N2 using an electrochemical cell with a Ru catalyst, Pd–Ag membrane cathode, and NaOH–KOH molten salt electrolyte at 250 °C
Authors: Sagara Raisei , Hayashi Rika , Hirata Aika , Nagaishi Shintaroh , Kubota Jun
Published: May 2024

At 250 °C, using an electrochemical setup with a Ru catalyst, Pd alloy H2-permeable membrane cathode, NaOH–KOH molten salt electrolyte, and Ni anode, NH3 was synthesized from H2O and N2 with 30 mA cm−2 current density of and 25% current efficiency.
Type parameter estimation of 2D‐GTD model based on ADMM approach
Authors: Jin Mingming , Wang Jun , Wei Shaoming , Zeng Zhiqiang , Zhang Chi , Qu Fangrui
Published: May 2024

The type parameter helps in scattering mechanism analysis and scattering centre identification. However, current approximate solution methods based on spectral estimation are noise‐sensitive and exhibit low accuracy. In this letter, a high‐precision approach for the type parameter based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is proposed. Logarithmic transformation is used to separate the type parameter and the amplitude from the coupling term, and initially obtain the closed‐form solution of the type parameter. Then, the regularization term of l2‐norm is used for denoising. Finally, a joint optimization model based on ADMM is constructed to effectively estimate the type parameter. Simulation results confirm the high accuracy of the proposed approach.
Joint beamforming design for full‐duplex wireless powered over‐the‐air computation systems with self‐energy recycling
Authors: Li Quanzhong , Yang Liang
Published: May 2024

For over‐the‐air computation (AirComp) systems, energy‐constrained sensors become a bottleneck to improve the performances. To address this issue, in this letter, a full‐duplex (FD) wireless powered AirComp system with self‐energy recycling is proposed, where all the nodes operate in the FD mode and the sensors can harvest energy from the hybrid access point (HAP)' signal and it's own transmit signal by self‐energy recycling. A joint beamforming design problem is formulated and an effective iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the non‐convex optimization problem, aiming to minimize the computation mean square error at the HAP under the transmit power constraints of the HAP and sensors. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition based on cost‐sensitive awareness generative adversarial network for imbalanced data
Authors: Qin Jikai , Liu Zheng , Ran Lei , Xie Rong
Published: May 2024

In military contexts, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR) models frequently encounter the challenge of imbalanced data, resulting in a noticeable degradation in the recognition performance. Therefore, the authors propose a cost‐sensitive awareness generative adversarial network (CAGAN) model, aiming to improve the robustness of ATR models under imbalanced data. Firstly, the authors introduce a convolutional neural network (DCNN) to extract features. Then, the synthetic minority over‐sampling technique (SMOTE) is applied to achieve feature‐level balancing for the minority category. Finally, a CAGAN model is designed to perform the final classification task. In this process, the GAN‐based adversarial training mechanism enriches the diversity of training samples, making the ATR model more comprehensive in understanding different categories. In addition, the cost matrix increases the penalty for misclassification results and further improves the classification accuracy. Simultaneously, the cost‐sensitive awareness can accurately adjust the cost matrix through training data, thus reducing dependence on expert knowledge and improving the generalisation performance of the ATR model. This model is an end‐to‐end ATR scheme, which has been experimentally validated on the MSTAR and OpenSARship datasets. Compared to other methods, the proposed method exhibits strong robustness in dealing with various imbalanced scenarios and significant generalisation capability across different datasets.
Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Soft Tissue Lesions Around the Knee
Authors: Chianca Vito , Curti Marco , Robba Tiziana , Del Grande Filippo
Published: May 2024

Neoplastic and non-neoplastic soft tissue masses around the knee are often incidental findings. Most of these lesions are benign with typical imaging characteristics that allow a confident diagnosis. However, some of these incidental neoplastic masses are characterized by morbidity and potential mortality. This review highlights the typical aspects of these lesions, facilitating a correct diagnosis.
Posteromedial Corner Injuries of the Knee: Imaging Findings
Authors: Fusco Stefano , Albano Domenico , Gitto Salvatore , Serpi Francesca , Messina Carmelo , Sconfienza Luca Maria
Published: May 2024

The posteromedial corner (PMC) of the knee is an anatomical region formed by ligamentous structures (medial collateral ligament, posterior oblique ligament, oblique popliteal ligament), the semimembranosus tendon and its expansions, the posteromedial joint capsule, and the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. Injuries to the structures of the PMC frequently occur in acute knee trauma in association with other ligamentous or meniscal tears. The correct assessment of PMC injuries is crucial because the deficiency of these supporting structures can lead to anteromedial rotation instability or the failure of cruciate ligaments grafts. This article reviews the anatomy and biomechanics of the PMC to aid radiologists in identifying injuries potentially involving PMC components.