bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Properties of Alkaline Earth Sulfides and Implications for the Interior of Mercury
Authors: Pommier Anne , Tauber Michael J. , Renggli Christian , Davies Christopher , Wilson Alfred
Published: February 2025

Alkaline earth sulfides are possibly abundant in the mantle of Mercury, and knowledge of their melting and transport properties is needed to investigate the structure of the planet. We report electrical experiments at pressures in the range 2–5 GPa and at temperatures up to ∼2,400 K on proposed analogs of natural sulfides, that is, Ca1‐xMgxS with minor impurities. Electrical conductivity increases nonuniformly with temperature with no systematic dependence on cation composition. At relatively low temperatures (near 1,100 K), the conductivities span a wide range, whereas at higher temperatures the values converge within ∼0.5–7 S/m at 1,800 K and 5 GPa. The conductivity trends are complex, and likely reflect contributions from divalent cations, alkali metal and carbon impurities, which would similarly contribute to the conductivity of Mercury's crust and mantle. Melting is identified by a sharp increase in conductivity between ∼1,850 and 2,100 K at 5 GPa. These transition temperatures are consistent with the presence of impurities. Using electrical studies on relevant silicate minerals and petrological observations, we developed electrical conductivity‐depth profiles of Mercury's silicate portion. Depending on the interconnectivity of the sulfide phase, the conductivity at the base of the mantle containing 8 vol.% sulfide ranges from ∼0.2 to >8 S/m. Our results can be tested with future observations from the ESA‐JAXA BepiColombo mission.
Species‐By‐Species Pattern Analysis of Coastal Dune Vegetation
Authors: Demichele D. , Belcore E. , Piras M. , Camporeale C.
Published: February 2025

Vegetation is crucial for stabilizing and developing coastal dunes. Different plant species exhibit different spatial distributions which reflect their environmental role and adaptation strategy. This study aims to provide a fine‐scale species‐by‐species analysis of vegetation spatial patterns on coastal dunes within the San Rossore–Migliarino–Massacciuccoli Regional Park (Tuscany, Italy). A comprehensive vegetation data set generated by an Object‐Based Image Analysis (OBIA) algorithm applied to high‐resolution ortho‐images has been utilized. A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the study area was created to assess the impact of dune morphology on plant distribution. Moreover, a wave runup analysis was also conducted to understand the interaction between vegetation and hydrodynamic forces. The research highlights how the vegetation threshold distance from the coastline, , is superimposed by the reaching distance of wave runup during extreme events. Terrain morphology significantly affects the vegetation zonation: on taller and undisturbed dunefields, species zonation is clearer and more defined, whereas, on flatter and disturbed ones, spatial distribution is significantly fuzzier. A positive correlation emerges between the abundance of a species and its degree of spatial clustering, indicating how less abundant species form more tightly clustered spatial patterns. Modified Ripley's L‐function analysis revealed a multi‐scale clustered pattern for most species under examination. The present results may provide a solid benchmark in coastal ecology research for supporting natural‐based conservation plans and eco‐morphodynamic modeling.
Hollows on Mercury: Creation and Analysis of a Global Reference Catalog With Deep Learning
Authors: Bickel Valentin T. , Deutsch Ariel N. , Blewett David T.
Published: February 2025

Hollows are geologically young depressions on Mercury, most likely associated with the loss of volatile species. The distribution and morphometric properties of hollows provide information about the overall volatile budget of Mercury's (shallow) subsurface, with significant implications for our understanding of the evolution of Mercury and airless planetary bodies in general. Here, we use a convolutional neural network to map the global geographic distribution and morphometric properties of hollows in MESSENGER orbital images and assess their geostatistical relationships with the thermophysical environment. We identify up to 19,110 hollows in the MESSENGER MDIS Narrow‐Angle Camera data set and discover previously unidentified hollows in more than twenty large‐scale geographic regions. Globally, the detected hollows are predominantly located in the northern hemisphere, where MESSENGER image coverage and spatial resolution are highest. Hollows are preferentially detected in impact craters, at low elevations, on low slope angles, and cluster toward the maxima of ejecta mass production by micrometeoroid bombardment. We observe that hollows tend to be located on equator‐facing slopes and increase in size toward the equator and hot‐pole longitudes. Our observations provide new, global‐scale evidence that micrometeoroid bombardment and insolation are the primary drivers of hollow formation and evolution. Our hollow catalogs are openly available and are anticipated to inform systematic, global‐scale studies of hollow formation as well as future orbital imaging efforts by the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission.
Compact and Wideband Cavity‐Backed Antenna With Elliptical Coupling Slot and Elliptical Aperture for Satellite Communications Transceiver Applications
Authors: Asci Y. , Turkmen C. , Secmen M.
Published: February 2025

A wideband full‐metal cavity‐backed antenna with elliptical coupling slot and elliptical aperture is proposed. The antenna consists of two elliptical structures, a coupling slot and a radiating aperture, which are placed on the feed waveguide side and the load side of a rectangular metal cavity resonator, respectively. By using an elliptical slot/aperture, the impedance bandwidth and gain of the antenna are found to be considerably improved in the same footprint and without increasing complexity compared to rectangular slot/aperture and also circular aperture. A prototype of the proposed wideband antenna is fabricated by using the additive manufacturing techniques of 3D printing with polylactic acid (PLA) material, which is covered with aluminum tape to validate the design at Ku‐band for satellite communication (SatCom). The measured results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 4 GHz (10.86–14.86 GHz for |S11| < −15 dB), which gives a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 31.1%. With low cross‐polarization being less than −25 dB at broadside, the antenna has a peak gain of 9 dBi. The proposed antenna is also compact, with a total volume of about 1.1λ03 at the center frequency.
Characterizing Aquifer Properties and Groundwater Storage at North China Plain Using Geodetic and Hydrological Measurements
Authors: Li Mingjia , Sun Jianbao , Xue Lian , Shen Zheng‐Kang , Li Yuexin , Zhao Bin , Hu Leyin
Published: February 2025

Climatic and anthropogenic changes are reshaping global water resources, with the North China Plain (NCP) experiencing significant surface subsidence due to severe groundwater overexploitation over the past half‐century. In this study, we integrate data from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Global Navigation Satellite System, and hydraulic head measurements observed in 2015–2019 to investigate aquifers' physical properties and corresponding changes in groundwater storage in NCP. Geodetic measurements indicate seasonal and long‐term deformation patterns. The amplitude of seasonal variation of deformation is up to 25 mm with phase lag behind the seasonal variation of water head. The integration of geodetic and hydrological data indicates that local aquifer storativity and clay lens thickness are and  m, respectively. The average long‐term subsidence due to sustained water storage loss is about 29 mm/yr, with a peak rate of ∼120 mm/yr. Even though all regions show a long‐term ongoing subsidence, the subsidence trend has slowed in about half of the NCP, which can be attributed to the impact of the South‐to‐North Water Diversion (SNWD) Project, especially in areas near the SNWD aqueducts. Moreover, we find a disparity in subsidence rates between Hebei and Shandong Provinces, reflecting the impact of different groundwater exploitation management in mitigating the subsidence. This research underscores the effectiveness of combining geodetic and hydrological data for assessing groundwater circulation and optimizing groundwater management.
The Influence of Horizontal Dispersion on Residence Times in Shallow Lakes
Authors: Masunaga Eiji , Fringer Oliver B. , Kitamura Tatsumi , Ouchi Takao
Published: February 2025

This study presents results of circulation and residence time in lakes influenced by wind‐induced mixing investigated with numerical simulations. The study area is Lake Kasumigaura, a continuous lake system primally consisting of two lakes, West Lake and North Lake. Although metrological conditions and depths are similar for both lakes, the surface area and shape of the lakes are very different. A numerical model resolves the primary features of the wind‐driven circulation in the lake system and is forced by observed river discharges and wind stress. A passive tracer released from the river mouths is used to estimate the residence time and evaluate mixing processes. Wind‐driven flow dominates the kinetic energy in the lakes and induces chaotic motions leading to tracer dispersion which is largely influenced by the shape of the lakes. Results indicate that the residence time is much longer in the well‐mixed middle basin of West Lake than North Lake. The estimated horizontal tracer diffusivity is approximately three times larger for the large West Lake than for the small‐narrow North Lake. This study suggests that the surface area and shape of lakes in which the flow is predominantly wind driven largely influences circulation, water exchange processes and residence times in lakes.
Tidal Influences on Temperature Dynamics and Heat Exchange in Coastal Wetlands
Authors: Xu Xinghua , Yu Xiayang , Wu Junjie , Xiao Kai , Xin Pei
Published: February 2025

Soil temperature is crucial for the ecological functions of coastal wetlands. While the impact of tides on porewater flow is well recognized, their effect on soil temperature, which is also closely related to hydrodynamic processes, has not been sufficiently explored. This study investigates how dynamic tidal and atmospheric conditions interact to drive temperature variations in coastal wetlands, based on both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. The results reveal that temperature plumes develop near creek banks, where the annual mean soil temperature closely correlates with tidal temperature. Tide‐induced water circulation enhances local heat transfer and mixing, leading to moderate annual temperature ranges in areas close to creeks. In contrast, surface soil temperatures across the wetland platform are closer to atmospheric conditions in both annual mean values and ranges. At the field scale, tide‐induced advective heat exchange is apparent, particularly near creeks. However, its net impact on the overall heat balance is relatively limited compared to the conductive heat flux at the sediment‐water interface. The study also highlights the role of macropores in enhancing local temperature fluctuations by augmenting advective heat exchange and increasing heat capacity. Additionally, increased hydraulic and thermal conductivities in wetland sediments could result in more efficient temperature transfer and larger temperature ranges in deeper soil layers. These findings advance our understanding of the hydrodynamic and thermal processes in coastal wetlands coupled with benthic bioturbation.
Findings from computed tomography examinations of Viking age skulls
Authors: Bertilsson Carolina , Borg Eva , Vretemark Maria , Lund Henrik
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Computed tomography (CT) images can provide information about anatomical structures and pathological processes in ancient skulls. A previous study on the teeth and jaws of 171 individuals in a late Swedish Viking age population, dating around the 10th–12th century made clinical examinations that included intraoral radiographs. Current explorative study examined a subset of this population using CT with the aim to investigate if this method could provide additional information about the studied subjects.

Materials and method

The skulls of 15 Viking-era individuals were examined with CT. Two specialists in oral and maxillofacial radiology and one general dentist examined the images together, performing the diagnostics and interpretated the results.

Results

Findings included signs of pathological conditions of the teeth; of the alveolar, mandibular, maxillary and auricular bone; and of the paranasal sinuses and temporomandibular joints. These findings indicated the presence of both clinically detectable conditions, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, periapical destructions and remodelling of the caput mandibulae, but also additional findings such as sclerotization of the mastoid process, infection-induced periosteal bone deposition, and signs of sinusitis.

Conclusion

CT investigation of skeletal remains from an early Christian community in the Viking era in Sweden indicated that the population suffered from numerous orofacial pathologies, including dental disease, sinusitis, otitis, and various infections. The current study, using CT as an investigation method of skeletal remains, indicated that this method could identify conditions that might be difficult to find through ocular inspection. Conclusively, CT is suggested to be an important non-invasive method when used in combination with other examination methods, possibly providing additional information about archeological human remains. Further studies on similar samples are suggested to examine this further.
Posture analysis during tooth extraction
Authors: Fukushima Takashi , Sugahara Keisuke , Ito Kazuhiro , Koyachi Masahide , Nishiyama Akihiro , Kurihara Chihiro , Nakajima Shintaro , Matsunaga Satoru , Katakura Akira
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Tooth extraction is one of the clinical internship requirements in Japan. Human posture during tooth extraction is important since poor posture can cause failure of the safe operation and musculoskeletal injuries. Only a few studies aimed to evaluate the posture, but most of them used manual or complex measurement methods which can lead to some inconvenient problems such as subjective biases, quantitativeness, and device availability. Thanks to the recent advancement of computer vision and technology, pose estimation has been widely used for kinematic analysis. However, none of the research has been used for posture analysis during tooth extraction.

Aim

Therefore, this research aims to analyze posture kinematics during tooth extraction using pose estimation and find key kinematic variables for tooth extraction.

Method

All participants were grouped into three; dental students, young dentists, and experienced dentists. They were asked to perform tooth extraction on a tooth extraction simulator while being video recorded. Pose estimation was used to extract joint locations on recorded videos. Joint angles of interest were calculated based on the extracted joint locations.

Results

Right shoulder angles were significantly lower in the experienced dentists’ group than in other groups,

Discussion

Which has been pointed out by other research as a crucial point.

Conclusion

Although sample size is a main concern in this study, the result shows that pose estimation can be useful in posture analysis during tooth extraction.
Decreased miR-128-3p in serum exosomes from polycystic ovary syndrome induces ferroptosis in granulosa cells via the p38/JNK/SLC7A11 axis through targeting CSF1
Authors: Lv Yanqiu , Han Shengzhong , Sun Fuliang , Zhang Yuyang , Qu Xinglin , Li Hao , Gu Weiyu , Xu Qinglong , Yao Shunfa , Chen Xuan , Jin Yi
Published: February 2025

Increasing evidence suggests that non-coding small RNAs (miRNAs) carried by exosomes (EXOs) play important roles in the development and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, we demonstrate that PCOS mouse serum-derived EXOs promote granulosa cells (GCs) ferroptosis, and induce the occurrence of a PCOS-like phenotype in vivo. Notably, EXO miRNA sequencing combined with in vitro gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that miR-128-3p, which is absent in the serum-derived EXOs of mice with PCOS, regulates lipid peroxidation and GC sensitivity to ferroptosis inducers. Mechanistically, overexpression of CSF1, a direct target of miR-128-3p, reversed the anti-ferroptotic effect of miR-128-3p. Conversely, ferroptosis induction was mitigated in CSF1-downregulated GCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-128-3p inhibition activates the p38/JNK pathway via CSF1, leading to NRF2-mediated down-regulation of SLC7A11 transcription, which triggers GC iron overload. Moreover, intrathecal miR-128-3p AgomiR injection into mouse ovaries ameliorated PCOS-like characteristics and restored fertility in letrozole-induced mice. The study reveals the pathological mechanisms of PCOS based on circulating EXOs and provides the first evidence of the roles of miR-128-3p and CSF1 in ovarian GCs. This discovery is expected to provide promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of PCOS.
Efficient hybrid numerical modeling of the seismic wavefield in the presence of solid-fluid boundaries
Authors: Lyu Chao , Romanowicz Barbara , Zhao Liang , Masson Yder
Published: February 2025

Applying full-waveform methods to image small-scale structures of geophysical interest buried within the Earth requires the computation of the seismic wavefield over large distances compared to the target wavelengths. This represents a considerable computational cost when using state-of-the-art numerical integration of the equations of motion in three-dimensional earth models. “Box Tomography” is a hybrid method that breaks up the wavefield computation into three parts, only one of which needs to be iterated for each model update, significantly saving computational time. To deploy this method in remote regions containing a fluid-solid boundary, one needs to construct artificial sources that confine the seismic wavefield within a small region that straddles this boundary. The difficulty arises from the need to combine the solid-fluid coupling with a hybrid numerical simulation in this region. Here, we report a reconciliation of different displacement potential expressions used for solving the acoustic wave equation and propose a unified framework for hybrid simulations. This represents a significant step towards applying ’Box Tomography’ in arbitrary regions inside the Earth, achieving a thousand-fold computational cost reduction compared to standard approaches without compromising accuracy. We also present examples of benchmarks of the hybrid simulations in the case of target regions at the ocean floor and the core-mantle boundary.
BMP signaling promotes zebrafish heart regeneration via alleviation of replication stress
Authors: Vasudevarao Mohankrishna Dalvoy , Posadas Pena Denise , Ihle Michaela , Bongiovanni Chiara , Maity Pallab , Geissler Dominik , Mohammadi Hossein Falah , Rall-Scharpf Melanie , Niemann Julian , Mommersteeg Mathilda T. M. , Redaelli Simone , Happ Kathrin , Wu Chi-Chung , Beisaw Arica , Scharffetter-Kochanek Karin , D’Uva Gabriele , Malek Mohammadi Mona , Wiesmüller Lisa , Geiger Hartmut , Weidinger Gilbert
Published: February 2025

In contrast to mammals, adult zebrafish achieve complete heart regeneration via proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Surprisingly, we found that regenerating cardiomyocytes experience DNA replication stress, which represents one reason for declining tissue regeneration during aging in mammals. Pharmacological inhibition of ATM and ATR kinases revealed that DNA damage response signaling is essential for zebrafish heart regeneration. Manipulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-Smad signaling using transgenics and mutants showed that BMP signaling alleviates cardiomyocyte replication stress. BMP signaling also rescues neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes, human fibroblasts and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from replication stress. DNA fiber spreading assays indicate that BMP signaling facilitates re-start of replication forks after replication stress-induced stalling. Our results identify the ability to overcome replication stress as key factor for the elevated zebrafish heart regeneration capacity and reveal a conserved role for BMP signaling in promotion of stress-free DNA replication.
Model-based iterative reconstruction with adaptive regularization for artifact reduction in electron tomography
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Singanallur , Rahman Obaidullah , Amichi Lynda , Arregui-Mena Jose D. , Yu Haoran , Cullen David A. , Ziabari Amirkoushyar
Published: February 2025

Obtaining high-quality 3D reconstructions from electron tomography of crystalline particles embedded in lighter support elements is crucial for various material systems such as catalysts for fuel cell applications. However, significant challenges arise due to the limited tilt range, sparse and low signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements. In addition, small metal particles can cause strong streaking and shading artifacts in the 3D reconstructions when using conventional reconstruction algorithms due to the presence of Bragg diffraction and the large scattering cross-section difference between the materials of the particles and the background support regions. These artifacts lead to errors in the downstream characterization affecting extraction of critical features such as the size of the metal particles, their distribution and the volume of the lighter support regions. In this paper, we present a two-stage algorithm based on metal artifact reduction, utilizing model-based iterative reconstruction methods with adaptive adjustment of regularization parameters. Our approach yields high-quality 3D reconstructions compared to traditional algorithms, accurately capturing both the metal particles as well as the background support. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm through simulated and experimental bright-field electron tomography data, showing significant improvements in reconstruction quality compared to traditional methods.
The Rhizophagus irregularis permease RiFTR1 functions without a ferroxidase partner for reductive iron transport
Authors: Tamayo Elisabeth , López-Lorca Víctor Manuel , Shim Chaeeun , López-Castillo Olga , Castillo Araceli G. , Requena Natalia , Benz J. Philipp , Ferrol Nuria
Published: February 2025

The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) to plant iron (Fe) acquisition has been demonstrated in several studies. A previous investigation revealed that the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis utilizes a high-affinity reductive pathway for Fe uptake, mediated by the Fe transporter RiFTR1. In this study, we used a genome-wide approach in R. irregularis to find genes encoding ferroxidases of the multicopper oxidase (MCO) gene family in an attempt to identify the ferroxidase partner of RiFTR1. Nine genes putatively encoding MCOs (RiMCO1-9) were identified. Yeast complementation assays demonstrated that RiMCO1 and RiMCO3 can function as ferroxidases, suggesting their involvement in the reductive Fe uptake pathway. Surprisingly, RiFTR1 was capable of transporting Fe in yeast without a ferroxidase partner, resembling the Fe transport mechanism of plant IRT1-like systems. RiFTR1 exhibited increase expression in arbuscules. Overexpression of RiFTR1 in Medicago truncatula roots led to enhanced mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule abundance, highlighting the significance of Fe for AM symbiosis.
Integrated anti-electronics for positron annihilation spectroscopy
Authors: Guatieri Francesco
Published: February 2025

Imaging the features of a sample using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS) is currently achieved by rastering, i.e. by scanning the sample surface with a sharply focused positron beam. However, a beam of arbitrary shape (sculpted beam) would allow the application of more versatile single-pixel imaging (SPI) techniques. I introduce the design of a microelectronic device employing a 2D array of Zener diodes as an active positron moderator, capable of sculpting positron beams with
$${6}\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$
resolution. The re-emitted positrons are accelerated towards the sample through a miniaturized electrostatic lens system and reaching
$${100}\,\hbox {nm}$$
resolution. The fast switch-on (
$${90}\,\hbox {ps}$$
) and switch-off (
$${250}\,\hbox {ps}$$
) time of the device would enable state-of-the-art positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and PAS imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution.
A deep learning framework based on structured space model for detecting small objects in complex underwater environments
Authors: Zhuang Yaoming , Liu Jiaming , Zhao Haoyang , Ma Longyu , Fang Zirui , Li Li , Wu Chengdong , Cui Wei , Liu Zhanlin
Published: February 2025

Regular monitoring of marine life is essential for preserving the stability of marine ecosystems. However, underwater target detection presents several challenges, particularly in balancing accuracy with model efficiency and real-time performance. To address these issues, we propose an innovative approach that combines the Structured Space Model (SSM) with feature enhancement, specifically designed for small target detection in underwater environments. We developed a high-accuracy, lightweight detection model—UWNet. The results demonstrate that UWNet excels in detection accuracy, particularly in identifying difficult-to-detect organisms like starfish and scallops. Compared to other models, UWNet reduces the number of model parameters by 5% to 390%, substantially improving computational efficiency while maintaining top detection accuracy. Its lightweight design enhances the model’s applicability for deployment on underwater robots.
Ultra-selective recognition of UO22+via triggering its intrinsic luminescence using a precisely designed europium metal–organic framework
Authors: Tong Yuan-Jun , Liu Qian , Peng Shiyu , Tao Ran , Li Kexuan , Gong Xinying , Wang Dongmei , Gong Zhengjun
Published: February 2025

A novel method enables highly selective detection of UO22+via triggered the intrinsic emission of UO22+, offering exceptional specificity for direct monitoring in complex environmental matrices without sample pretreatment.
Thermoresponsive gel polymer electrolytes for smart rechargeable zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Xintong , Sun Na , Li Jie , He Lianwen , Li Xia , Li Jiayi , Zhang Xiao , Gu Hui , Lu Fei
Published: February 2025

Thermoresponsive hydrogels with LCST were developed to prevent the thermal runaway of zinc-ion batteries by blocking the Zn2+ channels at a specific trigger temperature.
A photoluminescent second-order nonlinear optical molecular crystal with cold crystallization
Authors: Shen Xin , Qi Jun-Chao , Peng Hang , Xia Zhang-Tian , Bai Yong-Ju , Chen Hui-Ping , Wang Zhen-Yu , Yang Tian-En , Qin Yan , Liao Wei-Qiang
Published: February 2025

We report a molecular crystal showing cold crystallization as well as green photoluminescence emission and second harmonic generation response.
Great reduction of the hole effective mass in wide bandgap semiconductors by highly mismatched alloying
Authors: Kang Sixin , Fan Shuaiwei , Hu Gongwei
Published: February 2025

O-alloying introduces O-2p orbitals into the valence band of LiGaSe2, which strongly overlap with the Ga-3d orbitals, enhancing the p–d hybridization and thereby reducing the hole effective mass by about 80%.
Impact of nitrogen configuration on the electronic properties of tailored triphenylamine derivatives as hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells: a computational chemistry study
Authors: Flores Raul , Sánchez-Bojorge Nora Aydeé , Palomares-Báez Juan Pedro , Landeros-Martínez Linda-Lucila , Rodríguez-Valdez Luz María
Published: February 2025

The arrangement of nitrogen atoms within the heterocyclic core can modulate the charge transfer characteristics of triphenylamine derivatives employed as hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells.
Electrochemical protonation/deprotonation of TiNb2O7 in protic ionic liquids
Authors: Shimizu Masahiro , Kawai Takuya , Ichikawa Tomonori , Arai Susumu
Published: February 2025

The electrochemical protonation of TiNb2O7 was investigated using protic ionic liquids as electrolytes, focusing on the charge–discharge behavior influenced by different Brønsted acid/base combinations.
SANE: strategic autonomous non-smooth exploration for multiple optima discovery in multi-modal and non-differentiable black-box functions
Authors: Biswas Arpan , Vasudevan Rama , Pant Rohit , Takeuchi Ichiro , Funakubo Hiroshi , Liu Yongtao
Published: February 2025

An intelligent exploration strategy over severely non-smooth space, with capable of integrating human knowledge, is developed to identify multiple global and local optimal regions while avoiding getting trapped in a single or false optimum.
Effect of proton sources on the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction mediated by a copper complex of bistriazolylpyridine
Authors: Chen Gui-Shan , Liu Chang , Yang Xing-Jin , Zhan Zhi-Hao , Wang Tian-Shun , Zhang Hua-Xin
Published: February 2025

The HER catalyzed by Cudbes followed the EECC or EEECC pathway with AcOH, whilst it followed the CECE (or CEEC) pathway with TFA or TsOH. The reactions invoked the PCET step and the proton relay on the triazolyl moiety of dbes.
Soil contamination by environmentally persistent free radicals and dioxins following train derailment in East Palestine, OH
Authors: Lard Myron L. , Eichler Sarah E. , Gao Peng , Singh Kuldeep , Ortiz Joseph D. , Cook Robert L. , Lomnicki Slawomir , Cormier Stephania A. , Richmond-Bryant Jennifer
Published: February 2025

The Norfolk Southern train derailment on February 3, 2023, in East Palestine, Ohio, prompted concerns about the health impacts from the chemical spills and open-air combustion.
A techno-economically feasible and sustainable C-lignin biorefinery
Authors: Wang Pu , Wang Shuizhong , Su Shihao , Zhang Dexin , Liao Yuhe , Song Guoyong , Wang Lei
Published: February 2025

C-lignin, a homo-biopolymer, has great potential as a feedstock for biorefineries that convert it into high value-added products, for example, catechol as a precursor of pharmaceuticals.
A performance compensation method for miniaturized LIBS instruments in precise rock classification
Authors: Fu Yuting , Chen Jing , Liu Biye , Hu Beibei , Jin Xueying , Yang Guang , Sun Huihui
Published: February 2025

The compensation method increases the rock classification accuracy of miniaturized LIBS instruments from 77.08% to 99.58%.
Critical role of pore size on perfluorooctanoic acid adsorption behaviors in carbonaceous sorbents
Authors: Robertson Mark , Lamb Bradley , Griffin Anthony , He Lilin , Ma Boran , Qiang Zhe
Published: February 2025

This study uses contrast matched small angle neutron scattering and simulations to explore how increased pore size in carbon sorbents influences perfluorooctanoic acid adsorption and aggregation, facilitating semi-cylinder micelle formation.
Thermionic injection analysis in germanium nanowire Schottky junction FETs by means of 1D and 3D extraction methods
Authors: Behrle Raphael , Pacheco-Sanchez Aníbal , Barth Sven , Weber Walter M. , Sistani Masiar
Published: February 2025

The carrier transport in Ge-based nanowire transistors is analyzed by temperature-dependent electrical measurements and discussed in terms of three-dimensional thermionic emission and one-dimensional Landauer–Büttiker theory.
Nanoassemblies of redox paclitaxel prodrug with natural active ingredient dihydroartemisinin for therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Rui Ruicheng , Li Yi , Liu Yiming , Li Xiaocui , Zhou Gaochao , Zhao Chunai , Han Yang
Published: February 2025

Natural products have attracted attention owing to their multiple antitumor effects, improved chemotherapy sensitivity, and fewer side effects. The combination of natural active ingredients and chemotherapy drugs could be an...
l-Phenylalanine monomer coacervation leads to well-controlled nanocrystal topochemical photo-RAFT polymerization
Authors: Li Yuting , Wang Xiyu , Cao Ying , Niu Wenjing , Zheng Qing , Lu Xinhua , Cai Yuanli
Published: February 2025

Spontaneous LLPS-mode monomer self-coacervation is explored as a robust platform of the solid-state topochemical polymerization with unprecedentedly high molecular weight controllability.
Blue, green, yellow and red carbon dots: confined synthesis and mechanism study
Authors: Li Chao , Zhu Yu-Quan , Shao Xiayan , Song Kai , Liu Wenyan , Li Kaitao , Guan Shanyue , Liu Wendi , Lin Yanjun
Published: February 2025

This study provides a confined synthesis strategy for the preparation and wavelength modulation of multicolor carbon dots and explores the effects of confined environments on crystal and chemical structures.
Core-extended nonastarazines featuring diverse arm configurations synthesized via one-pot sequential reactions
Authors: Qiu Honglin , Zhou Jiadong , Feng Yi , Liu Linlin , Xie Zengqi
Published: February 2025

Facial synthesis of core-extended quasi-planar nonastarazine (NSA) derivatives with diverse arm configurations is achieved through one-pot sequential reactions, which shows tunable photophysical properties dominated by the extended arm(s).
Failure gas analysis of lithium–nickel–cobalt–aluminium oxide cells from different manufacturers
Authors: Reeve Philip A. P. , Buston Jonathan E. H. , Gill Jason , Goddard Steven L. , Howard Gemma E. , Mellor Jack W.
Published: February 2025

Cells with the same cathode chemistry do not necessarily fail in the same way.
Heterogeneously catalyzed supramolecular polymerization: essential roles of nucleation and fragmentation-induced autocatalysis in chiral transfer
Authors: Shi Peichen , Chen Ganyu , Chen Qiang , Wu Huiting , Li Suixu , Cao Xiaoyu , Yang Liulin , Tian Zhongqun
Published: February 2025

We unveil spontaneous fragmentation-induced autocatalysis in heterogeneously catalyzed supramolecular polymerization, where nucleating agents serve as catalysts, driving efficient chiral induction and acceleration at an optimal catalytic equivalent.
Run-and-tumble like motion of a camphor-infused Marangoni swimmer
Authors: Dey Pampa , Thakur Abhishek , Chotalia Aarsh , Nandi Amitabha , Parmananda P.
Published: February 2025

The Marangoni swimmer, having this specific shape and camphor profile on it mimics the bacterial run-and-tumble like motion.
Development of colorimetric PEG-based hydrogel sensors for urea detection
Authors: Efstathiou Spyridon , Wemyss Alan M. , Coursari Despina , Hand Rachel A. , Tinley Emmett Cullen , Ford Jane , Edwards Stephanie E. , Bates Susan , Evans Richard L. , Khoshdel Ezat , Haddleton David M.
Published: February 2025

Urea has environmental, agricultural and clinical importance being present in many bodily fluids including blood, urine, tears and sweat.
Self-healing epoxy resin film enabled by the synergetic effect of coumarin and MXene
Authors: Shi Bingrui , Yang Kaiming , Zhang Yifeng , Wang Feifei , Liu Wenyan , Zhang Yekun , Yan Hongxia
Published: February 2025

(a) Mechanical properties of DDCm-EP and MXene/DDCm-EP; the self-healing efficiency of DDCm-EP (b) and MXene/DDCm-EP (c) under xenon lamp after different repair times; (d) the self-healing diagram and mechanism diagram of MXene/DDCm-EP.
Decoding lithium's subtle phase stability with a machine learning force field
Authors: Shen Yiheng , Xie Wei
Published: February 2025

Advanced machine learning force field enables accurate modeling of quantum and anharmonic effects in Li metal, revealing subtle phase equilibria among bcc-, fcc- and 9R-Li structures with implications for phase purity control in battery applications.
Efficient red-emitting carbon dots and albumin composites for precise synovial bioimaging in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Li Haojie , Wang Longlong , Xiao Ke , He Qian
Published: February 2025

Based on the high affinity between BSA and SPARC secreted in the synovium of CIA rats, BSA is utilized to efficiently deliver red-emitting carbon dots for targeted fluorescence imaging of the lesion joints in CIA rats.
Nickel-deposited hexagonal boron nitride composites synthesized via chemical vapor deposition: unlocking enhanced magnetic properties for advanced technologies
Authors: Mehravar Samira , Garmejani Benyamin M. , Fatemi Shohreh
Published: February 2025

Nickel nanoparticles deposited on hBN via CVD at 190 °C achieve 1.85 emu g−1 magnetization, calculated by VSM.
Visual detection of HPV16 using a photoactivatable CRISPR–Cas12 system
Authors: Gu Xiaoya , Ma Zhe , Zhou Lin , Li Na , Yu Shijiang , Wang Fu , An Ruifang
Published: February 2025

HPV screening is critical for the diagnosis of cervical cancer. This study combines photoactivated CRISPR-Cas12a with a tube-in-tube structure and RPA for rapid HPV16 detection, using blue UV light at 302 nm for portable, on-site diagnostics.
Uncovering the role of fluorine positioning on the cationic properties of 2,4-difluoropyridine
Authors: Kim Hyojung , Park Sung Man , Kwon Chan Ho
Published: February 2025

Ionization of 2,4-DFP induces significant geometric changes, with asymmetric ring bending in the D0 state and a more stable oblate structure in the D1 state.
Tailoring the electronic structure and acid–base properties of MgO by Ce doping promotes biomass-derived formic acid production at room temperature
Authors: Geng Yiqi , Xue Wenhua , Ye Jian , Zhang Ruilong , Mishra Puranjan , Zhao Jun
Published: February 2025

A highly efficient Ce-doped MgO catalyst for biomass-derived glucose oxidation was developed, enabling the production of formic acid at room temperature with high conversion and yield, advancing sustainable, energy-efficient chemical processes.
Novel potent and selective dual acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: N-substituted theobromine and theophylline derivatives
Authors: Biscussi Brunella , Cueto-Díaz Eduardo J. , Pérez Concepción , Rodríguez-Franco María Isabel , Murray Ana Paula
Published: February 2025

New caffeine analogues, derived from theobromine and theophylline, exhibit potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibition, positioning them as promising lead compounds for the development of novel drugs targeting neurodegenerative diseases.
Helix-induced full-color circularly polarized luminescence films with multiple information encryption and multi-stimuli responsiveness
Authors: Li Shi-Yi , Zong Yang , Liu Bing-Hao , Liu Na , Wu Zong-Quan
Published: February 2025

Full-color CPL composite films prepared using helical polymers, fluorescein and substrates have excellent mechanical and processing properties. They exhibit matrix universality, low cost, and multi-stimulus responsiveness to UV, heat, and acid/base.
Structured droplets dominated by interfacial self-assembly of topology-tunable Janus particles towards macroscopic materials
Authors: Zhai Wenzhong , Liu Xubo , Zhou Jiajia , Yu Qi , Liu Miao , Meng Jingxin , Zhang Lu , Fan Jun-Bing , Wang Shutao
Published: February 2025

Structured macro-droplets, stabilized by self-assembled and jammed hemispherical Janus particles at water–oil interfaces, enable scalable fabrication of multi-functional granular materials, e.g., magnetic/fluorescent capsules.
Perylene bisimide J-aggregates in a polymer matrix: controlling self-assembly and fluorescence properties
Authors: Kanno Rikuto , Stolte Matthias , Stepanenko Vladmir , Pöppler Ann-Christin , Terashima Takaya , Würthner Frank
Published: February 2025

The self-assembly process of tetraphenoxy-substituted perylene bisimide dyes into J-aggregates via hydrogen bonds is investigated in three different polymer matrices resulting in solid-state materials with fluorescence quantum yields up to 28%.
DeepServo: Deep learning‐enhanced state feedback for robust servo system control
Authors: Amiri Farhad , Eskandari Mohsen , Moradi Mohammad H.
Published: February 2025

Servo controllers are essential components in robotics, manufacturing, and various industrial applications. However, achieving fast and accurate reference tracking in servo systems remains challenging due to modelling uncertainties and external disturbances. In this paper, a hybrid control strategy is proposed that combines a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) state‐feedback controller with deep learning to address these challenges. The LQR controller utilises system state measurements to optimise the control input, while the integration of a deep neural network enhances accuracy and dynamic response by adapting to changing system conditions. This approach provides robust control performance, effectively mitigating the impact of uncertainties and disturbances on servo system behaviour. The proposed method was validated using AC servo motors, among the most common servo systems, though the approach is adaptable to other servo‐like systems. Comparative evaluations are conducted against existing methods, including SIMC‐SMC, 2DOF‐IMC‐SMC, 2DOF‐IMC‐PID, and SIMC‐PD controllers, focusing on the angular position control of a servo motor. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller outperforms these methods in terms of robustness, precision, and disturbance rejection. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed LQR‐deep learning framework to significantly improve servo system performance across a wide range of applications.
Combined use of long short‐term memory neural network and quantum computation for hierarchical forecasting of locational marginal prices
Authors: Huang Xin , Liu Guozhong , Huan Jiajia , Luo Shuxin , Qiu Jing , Qin Feiyan , Xu Yunxia
Published: February 2025

Accurate locational marginal price forecasting (LMPF) is crucial for the efficient allocation of resources. Nevertheless, the sudden changes in LMP make it inadequate for many existing long short‐term memory (LSTM) network‐based prediction models to achieve the required accuracy for practical applications. This study adopts a hierarchical method of three layers based on double quantum‐inspired grey wolf optimisation (QGWO) to improve the LSTM model (HD‐QGWO‐LSTM) for a one‐step LMPF. The top layer completes the data processing. The middle layer is a QGWO‐optimised support vector machine (SVM) for classifing whether LMPs are price spikes. The bottom laver is a double QGWO‐improved LSTM (QGWO‐LSTM) model for a real LMPF, where one QGWO‐LSTM is for the spike LMPF and the other is for the non‐spike LMPF. To address the issue of excessively long training times during the design of the LSTM network structure and parameter selection, a QGWO algorithm is proposed and used to optimise four LSTM parameters. The simulation results on the New England electricity market show that the HD‐QGWO‐LSTM method achieves similar prediction accuracy to other four LSTM‐based methods. The results also validate that the QGWO algorithm significantly reduces time consumption while ensuring optimisation effectiveness when optimising SVM and LSTM.
Long Short‐Term Memory Network for Co‐Frequency Co‐Time Full‐Duplex Digital Domain Interference Suppression
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Ma Chao , Gao Xiaoyan , Huang Yuhan
Published: February 2025

The co‐frequency co‐time full duplex (CCFD) system transmits and receives signals at the same frequency simultaneously, which can effectively improve the communication spectrum utilization of satellite and solve the problem of satellite frequency resource constraint. However, due to a large number of devices in a relatively small space, there is strong self‐interference between transmitting and receiving antennas. Besides, the received signal intensity is not stable due to other factors such as multipath effect, electromagnetic interference, and so on. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a machine learning method for self‐interference suppression of CCFD systems in digital domain. A signal sequence decomposition method based on the number of poles is used to solve the problem of insufficient suppression of nonlinear interference signal caused by signal strength instability. By using Hilbert transform, the input signal dimension of machine learning is reduced, which is to solve the high computational complexity. The short‐term and long‐term neural network architecture is adopted to predict and reconstruct the interference, and Bayesian optimization method is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the network, and introduces the acquisition function into the loss function, to improve the comprehensive training optimization of machine learning networks. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively analyze and suppress the interference signal, and the interference suppression capability is improved by 10.7 dB compared with the traditional Long Short‐Term Memory algorithm and 21.1 dB compared with the Least Mean Square algorithm. The algorithm presented in this paper is significant for the application of CCFD system on satellite.
Exploring the physical origins of halo assembly bias from early times
Authors: Montero-Dorta Antonio D. , Contreras Sergio , Celeste Artale M. , Rodriguez Facundo , Favole Ginevra
Published: February 2025

The large-scale linear halo bias encodes the relation between the clustering of dark-matter (DM) halos and that of the underlying matter density field. Although the primary dependence of bias on halo mass is well understood in the context of structure formation, the physical origins of the multiple additional relations at fixed halo mass, commonly known as secondary halo bias, have not been fully elucidated. Of particular relevance is the secondary dependence on the halo assembly history, known as halo assembly bias. Our goal is to determine whether the properties of the initial regions from which z=0 halos originate produce any secondary bias at z=0. By analyzing these initial dependences in connection with halo assembly bias, we intend to provide insight into the physical origins of the effect. We selected halos at z=0 in the IllustrisTNG DM-only simulation and traced back the positions and velocities of their DM particles to z=12. The resulting initial regions were characterized according to several shape-related and kinematic properties. The secondary bias signal produced by these properties at z=0 was measured using an object-by-object bias estimator, which offers significant analytical advantages as compared to the traditional approach. We show that, when split by the properties of their initial DM clouds, z=0 halos display significant secondary bias, clearly exceeding the amplitude of the well-known halo assembly bias signal produced by concentration and age. The maximum bias segregation is measured for cloud velocity dispersion and radial velocity, followed by cloud concentration, sphericity, ellipticity, and triaxiality. We further show that both velocity dispersion and radial velocity are also the properties of the initial clouds that most strongly correlate with halo age and concentration at fixed halo mass. Our results highlight the importance of linear effects in shaping halo assembly bias.
A shocking outcome: Jet dynamics and polarimetric signatures of the multi-band flare in blazar OJ 248
Authors: Paraschos G. F.
Published: February 2025

The connection between γ-ray flares and blazars is a topic of active research. Few sources exhibit outbursts distinct enough to be conclusively connected with features in their jet morphology. Here we present an investigation of the sole γ-ray flare of the blazar OJ 248 to date and how it is associated with its jet structure, as revealed by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). We find that throughout the course of the γ-ray flare, the fractional linear polarisation increases in the jet of OJ 248, and the VLBI electric vector position angles (EVPAs) rotate to become perpendicular to the bulk jet flow. We interpret this behaviour as a moving shock, travelling through a recollimation shock, up-scattering photons via the inverse Compton scattering process, and producing a γ-ray flare. Our hypothesised shock-shock interaction scenario is a viable mechanism for inducing such EVPA rotations in both optical and radio bands.