bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The clinical phenotype of YWHAE‐NUTM2B/E positive pediatric clear cell sarcoma of the kidney
Authors: Gooskens Saskia L. , Kenny Colin , Lazaro Antonio , O'Meara Elaine , van Tinteren Harm , Spreafico Filippo , Vujanic Gordan , Leuschner Ivo , Coulomb‐L'Herminé Aurore , Perotti Daniela , de Camargo Beatriz , Bergeron Christophe , Acha García Tomas , Tanaka Mio , Pieters Rob , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Graf Norbert , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , O'Sullivan Maureen J.
Published: November 2015

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) although uncommon, is the second most frequent renal malignancy of childhood. Until now, the sole recurrent genetic aberration identified in CCSKs is t(10;17)(q22;p13), which gives rise to a fusion transcript of YWHAE and NUTM2B/E. So far, the clinical relevance of this fusion transcript is unknown. The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the clinical phenotype of t(10;17)(q22;p13) positive CCSKs. Snap‐frozen tissues, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues or RNA previously extracted from CCSK samples throughout European, North‐American and Japanese study groups were screened by RT‐PCR for the YWHAE‐NUTM2B/E transcript. Clinical characteristics, tumor characteristics, and outcome of patients with and without the fusion transcript were studied. The cohort comprised 51 previously published cases to which were added 139 internationally collected CCSK samples. RNA from 57 of these additionally collected cases was of sufficient quality to be successfully screened for the YWHAE‐NUTM2B/E transcript. In total, seven of the 108 cases harbored the fusion transcript. Patients with tumors containing the fusion transcript were relatively young (median age 10 months), had associated low median tumor volumes and stage I disease was not observed in these patients. Two of seven patients relapsed and one of seven patients died of disease. Ranges of values were not overtly different between patients with and without the fusion transcript; however, the number of fusion transcript positive cases turned out to be too small to permit reliable statistical analysis. The current study did not identify an explicit clinical phenotype of CCSK cases harboring the YWHAE‐NUTM2B/E fusion transcript. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of intramolecular self‐destruction of reactive metabolic intermediates in determining toxicity
Authors: Svennebring Andreas
Published: November 2015

When reactive centers are formed in chemical conversions, intermolecular reactions tend to dominate over intramolecular alternatives whenever both alternatives are possible. Hence, when reactive metabolites are formed from xenobiotics, intramolecular quenching by moieties adjacent to a toxicophore may play an important role in reducing toxicity related to reactive intermediates. The phenomenon is likely to be particularly noticeable for toxicophores that are readily associated with a type of toxicity that is rarely caused by other structural motives. In two demonstrative investigations, it is concluded that nitrobenzenes for which the expected nitrosyl metabolite is likely to react with adjacent groups are less toxic than what is rationally expected, and that among aryl amine drugs allowing for the immediate quenching of the corresponding N‐aryl hydroxylamine metabolite, the typical erythrocyte toxicity often seen with aryl amines is absent. The deliberate introduction of effective quenching groups nearby a toxicophoric moiety may present a potential strategy for reducing toxicity in the design of drugs and other man‐made xenobiotics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fracture Risk Is Decreased in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Register-Based and Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Rubin Katrine Hass , Glintborg Dorte , Nybo Mads , Andersen Marianne , Abrahamsen Bo
Published: November 2015

Hyperandrogenism, obesity, and hyperinsulinemia may protect against osteoporosis, whereas amenorrhea, increased cortisol, and low growth hormone may be associated with higher fracture risk in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The objective of this study was to investigate fracture risk in PCOS. In the PCOS Denmark study, women with PCOS and/or hirsutism were identified in the Danish National Patient Register (1995–2012). Each patient was assigned three age-matched controls on the index date of PCOS diagnosis. Individuals with a previous endocrine diagnosis were excluded. Within PCOS Denmark, we embedded a well-characterized subcohort of patients, PCOS OUH, diagnosed with PCOS at Odense University Hospital (n = 1217). We identified incident fractures by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes and used conditional Cox regression analyses to compare fracture risk. In the PCOS Denmark study, there were 19,199 women with PCOS and 57,483 controls were included, mean age 30.6 years (range, 12–60 years). Fracture rates were decreased in PCOS Denmark (10.3/1000 patient years) versus controls (13.6/1000 patient years). The adjusted ORs were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.80) for all fractures, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.92) for major osteoporotic fractures, and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.70) for fractures of head and face. The risk reduction was more pronounced below the age of 30 years at diagnosis. Women with PCOS had significant more hospital contacts due to strains and sprains. In the PCOS OUH subcohort, the risk reduction of fractures did not differ between PCOS women with elevated versus normal testosterone levels and the risk reduction was nominally smaller in overweight versus normal weight PCOS women. Women with PCOS had reduced risk of fractures, in particular of the appendicular skeleton. The risk reduction was greater in women with younger age at diagnosis suggesting that the skeletal effects of PCOS may be greater in women who have not yet reached peak bone mass. Reduced participation in sports activities was probably not the reason for the reduced risk of fractures. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Beyond passivity: Dependency as a risk factor for intimate partner violence
Authors: Kane Fallon A. , Bornstein Robert F.
Published: November 2015

Interpersonal dependency in male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) is an understudied phenomenon but one that has noteworthy clinical implications. The present investigation used meta‐analytic techniques to quantify the dependency‐IPV link in all extant studies examining this relationship (n of studies = 17). Studies were gathered via an extensive literature search using relevant dependency/IPV search terms in the PsychInfo, Medline and Google Scholar databases. Results revealed a small but statistically significant relationship between dependency and perpetration of IPV in men (r = 0.150, Combined Z = 4.25, p < 0.0001), with the magnitude of the dependency‐IPV link becoming stronger (r = 0.365, Combined Z = 6.00, p < 0.0001) when studies using measures of dependent personality disorder symptoms were omitted. Other moderators of the dependency‐IPV effect size included IPV measure, type of sample and perpetrator age. These findings illuminate the underlying dynamics and interpersonal processes involved in some instances of IPV and may aid in understanding how to identify and treat male perpetrators of domestic violence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Model for Explosive Reactive Armor Interaction with Shaped Charge Jet
Authors: Micković Dejan , Jaramaz Slobodan , Elek Predrag , Miloradović Nenad , Jaramaz Dragana
Published: November 2015

Study of interaction of explosive reactive armor (ERA) with shaped charge jet is the basis for evaluation of the effectiveness of ERA. The physically based theoretical model of this interaction is given. It is incorporated in the NERA computer code. The influences of backward moving plate and forward moving plate thickness, explosive layer thickness, jet attack angle, and distance between ERA and main armor are investigated. The comprehensive analysis of a longitudinal point of impact effect on ERA efficiency, based on NERA code calculations, is presented. Computational results of NERA code are compared with experimental data. The computational and experimental results of penetration in the steel armour target are in good agreement. The developed code enables optimization of explosive reactive armor characteristics.
Flexible estimation of survival curves conditional on non‐linear and time‐dependent predictor effects
Authors: Wynant Willy , Abrahamowicz Michal
Published: November 2015

Prognostic studies often estimate survival curves for patients with different covariate vectors, but the validity of their results depends largely on the accuracy of the estimated covariate effects. To avoid conventional proportional hazards and linearity assumptions, flexible extensions of Cox's proportional hazards model incorporate non‐linear (NL) and/or time‐dependent (TD) covariate effects. However, their impact on survival curves estimation is unclear. Our primary goal is to develop and validate a flexible method for estimating individual patients' survival curves, conditional on multiple predictors with possibly NL and/or TD effects. We first obtain maximum partial likelihood estimates of NL and TD effects and use backward elimination to select statistically significant effects into a final multivariable model. We then plug the selected NL and TD estimates in the full likelihood function and estimate the baseline hazard function and the resulting survival curves, conditional on individual covariate vectors. The TD and NL functions and the log hazard are modeled with unpenalized regression B‐splines. In simulations, our flexible survival curve estimates were unbiased and had much lower mean square errors than the conventional estimates. In real‐life analyses of mortality after a septic shock, our model improved significantly the deviance (likelihood ratio test = 84.8, df = 20, p < 0.0001) and changed substantially the predicted survival for several subjects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Quaternary environments of the Waco Mammoth site, Texas USA
Authors: Nordt Lee , Bongino John , Forman Steven , Esker Don , Benedict Anita
Published: November 2015

The Waco Mammoth Site (WMS) in central Texas contains the remains of the largest mammoth herd (Mammuthus columbi) in North America that died in a single catastrophic event. Most mammoths at the site died on a gravel bar of the ancient Bosque River adjacent to a collapsing tributary wall. However, the timing and cause of death of the 26 mammoths documented to date are controversial. The objectives of this research are to: describe and interpret the alluvial stratigraphy and infer the cause of death, employ optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to determine the timing of death, and analyze stable C isotopes of pedogenic carbonate to infer local plant communities, dietary habits, and summer temperatures. Dating of quartz from seven sediment samples by OSL places the death event to a weighted mean of 66.8 ± 5.0 ka. The site is coeval with Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 4, consistent with our reconstructed mean July temperatures ~ 4°C cooler than today based on a buried soil isotopic transfer function. Our buried soil isotopic interpretation of a dominance of C3 plants is contrary to previous studies of mammoth tooth enamel at the site suggesting a dietary preference for warm season grasses (C4).
Portraits of Shakespeare, and On the Sonnets of Shakespeare
Authors: Boaden James , Wivell Abraham
Published: November 2015

From his funerary monument in Stratford-upon-Avon to the engraving by Droeshout in the First Folio, the depictions of William Shakespeare (1564–1616) have long been the subject of scrutiny. Equally, the mystery surrounding the identity of 'W. H.', the dedicatee of Shakespeare's sonnets, continues to capture the imagination. This volume brings together three works that were originally published separately: two pieces on the portraits and one on the sonnets. A playwright turned theatrical biographer, James Boaden (1762–1839) cultivated a lifelong interest in Shakespeare. His illustrated 1824 analysis of the portraits examines the evidence concerning their authenticity. This is followed by an 1827 investigation by the portrait painter Abraham Wivell (1786–1849), who engages critically with Boaden's findings and those of others. Finally, Boaden's 1837 essay on the sonnets presents the case for naming William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, as their dedicatee - a claim taken up by many later scholars.
Geschichte der böhmischen Sprache und ältern Literatur
Authors: Dobrowsky Joseph
Published: November 2015

The Bohemian scholar Joseph Dobrowsky (1753–1829) played a key role in the Czech national revival of the nineteenth century. Born in Hungary, he went to a German school there and also acquired the Czech language. At Prague, he studied philosophy and theology. In the 1780s, Dobrowsky pursued philological interests and helped to establish the Royal Czech Society of Sciences. His linguistic research encompasses work on literary terms, orthography and historically comparative aspects of the Slavic languages. Reissued here is the revised and expanded 1818 edition of a work first published in 1792. In black-letter German, it deals with the origins and development of the Czech language, locating it within the Slavic language family. Dobrowsky also provides a full list of the most important Bohemian theological and literary writings from the sixth to the sixteenth century.
Reminiscences of Michael Kelly, of the King's Theatre, and Theatre Royal Drury Lane
Authors: Kelly Michael
Published: November 2015

Michael Kelly (1762–1826) was an Irish singer and composer who studied music in a Naples conservatory before touring Europe and performing for royalty. His voyage to Italy began with a brush with pirates, one of whom was a childhood acquaintance. Kelly also found himself stranded penniless in Venice, spent a night in prison after a fist fight at the theatre, and had a narrow escape from revolutionary France. He is probably best remembered for creating the roles of Don Basilio and Don Curzio in the first performance, in 1786, of Le Nozze di Figaro, of which he describes the rehearsal period and reception. He later joined London's Theatre Royal as both a performer and composer and opened a music shop, which went bankrupt. These memoirs, published in 1826, provide rich first hand insights into a key period in theatre history. Volume 1 covers Kelly's early life and musical training.
An Account of the Introduction of Merino Sheep into the Different States of Europe, and at the Cape of Good Hope
Authors: Lasteyrie Charles de
Published: November 2015

During the eighteenth century, Spain relaxed its stringent export restrictions on Merino sheep, whose notably fine fleeces had long ensured the reputation of the Spanish woollen industry. Merinos were introduced around Europe and in 1792 Sir Joseph Banks, President of the Royal Society, established the first British flock in George III's gardens at Kew. This book, describing the qualities and adaptability of the Merino, was originally published in Paris in 1802 by the French agriculturalist and aristocrat C. P. Lasteyrie (1759–1849). It appeared in 1810 in this English translation by Benjamin Thompson (1775/6–1816), a professional playwright and translator, who was also an unsuccessful agricultural speculator and, briefly, secretary to the Merino Society. Documenting the spread of the Merino, regional variations in breeding regulations and husbandry practices, and wool yields, prices and taxation, this promotional treatise sheds light on the history of both agriculture and commodity trading.
Bibliographie der Freimaurerei und der mit ihr in Verbindung gesetzten geheimen Gesellschaften
Authors: Kloss Georg
Published: November 2015

The Frankfurt physician Georg Kloss (1787–1854) was an avid bibliophile and a Freemason. In 1835 his large collection of early printed books was sold by Sotheby's in London, as his extra-curricular interests had shifted from incunabula to the history of freemasonry. He went on to publish several scholarly books on the subject, of which this bibliography (Frankfurt, 1844) was the first. Mentioned by Frederick Leigh Gardner in 1911 as 'excellent though exceedingly scarce', it records over 5,000 books, documents and references relating to freemasonry. These date from 1723 to 1835, and many are very rare, having been printed in tiny quantities. Kloss's bibliography is organised thematically, with sections devoted to topics including Masonic history, ritual, rules and regional jurisdictions (notably France), and related movements including theosophy, kabbalah, the Templars and the Rosicrucians. It also contains indexes of lodges and of authors, translators and composers.
Der magnetismus im verhältnisse zur natur und religion
Authors: Ennemoser Joseph
Published: November 2015

Joseph Ennemoser (1787–1854) was born in Tyrol and, after fighting in the Tyrolean rebellion and the Napoleonic wars, qualified as a physician in Berlin. He later became professor at the recently founded University of Bonn, and eventually opened a successful medical practice in Munich. Ennemoser was a leading figure in the then highly fashionable field of 'animal magnetism' (popularised by Mesmer in the later eighteenth century) and hypnosis, and his emphasis on the connection between the mind and physical health foreshadowed Freud's development of psychoanalysis. The holistic views of the mesmerists incorporated ideas both from natural philosophy and from German Romanticism, and Ennemoser and his contemporaries wrestled with the problem of integrating materialist and mystical viewpoints. In this 1842 publication, Ennemoser analyses the relationship between 'animal magnetism', nature and religion, focusing on phenomena including visions, their physiological and psychological explanations, and the application and effects of 'magnetic' treatments.
The Book of Wonderful Characters
Authors: Wilson Henry , Caulfield James
Published: November 2015

Printmaker James Caulfield (1764–1826) spent much of his career publishing illustrated books about 'remarkable persons'. He began his first series around 1788 and continued it sporadically from 1790 to 1795, with books on a similar theme continuing to appear in the first decades of the nineteenth century. More than forty years after his death, this collection of biographies (produced in collaboration with Henry Wilson (fl. 1820–30)) was republished in 1869. The edition's introduction explains that the renewed interest in these characters comes from the fact that 'we have nearly lost all, and are daily losing what little remains of, our individuality'. The vignettes, accompanied by engravings of each individual, describe a wide-ranging group - from the man who died aged 152 to a 'remarkable glutton' to a woman who lived on the smell of flowers - their only common factor being that they were in some way 'wonderful'.
The Idler in Italy
Authors: Blessington Marguerite
Published: November 2015

Marguerite Gardiner, Countess of Blessington (1789–1849), was famous for her charm, wit and beauty, the latter reflected in Sir Thomas Lawrence's famous portrait of her in 1822. Blessington had an unhappy childhood, and was forced into her first marriage at the age of fourteen, but had developed a love of reading and story-telling. With her second husband Charles John Gardiner, first Earl of Blessington, she lived for several years in France and Italy. This three-volume work, first published 1839–40, contains Blessington's humorous account of living abroad. In Volume 2 she gives detailed descriptions of her travels in Italy, where she stayed in cities such as Lucca, Siena, Florence, Rome and Naples, but also in smaller seaside towns such as Terracina. She draws attention to 'the odour of the cuisine' and the beautiful surroundings and weather, inspiring encounters with artists and locals, and daily visits to art galleries.
Appendix to the Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-West Passage
Authors: Ross John
Published: November 2015

Polar explorer John Ross (1777–1856) sailed with William Edward Parry in 1818 to seek a North-West Passage from Baffin Bay. The attempt was unsuccessful, and Ross was widely blamed for its failure. In 1829, he set out on a privately funded expedition on the steamship Victory, accompanied by his nephew James Clark Ross, to try again, returning to England in late 1833. Using survival techniques learnt from the Inuit he befriended, Ross kept his crew healthy through four icebound winters. While the voyage once again failed to find a North-West Passage, it surveyed the Boothia Peninsula and a large part of King William Land. It was also valuable for its scientific findings, with J. C. Ross discovering the magnetic pole. Ross published this two-volume work in 1835. Volume 2 contains scientific reports, ethnological information on the Inuit, an Eskimo vocabulary and comments on natural history.
The Royal Society and the Promotion of Science since 1960
Authors: Collins Peter
Published: November 2015

The Royal Society is one of the world's oldest and most prestigious scientific bodies, but what has it done in recent decades? Increasingly marginalised by postwar developments and the reforms of civil science in the 1960s, the Society was at risk of resting on its laurels. Instead, it found ways of exploiting its unique networks of scientific talent to promote science. Creating opportunities for outstanding individuals to establish and advance research careers, influencing policymaking at national and international levels, and engaging with the public outside the world of professional science, the Society gave fresh expression to the values that had shaped its long history. Through unparalleled access to the Society's modern archives and other archival sources, interviews with key individuals and extensive inside knowledge, Peter Collins shows how the Society addressed the challenges posed by the astounding growth of science and by escalating interactions between science and daily life.
Geschichte des neueren Occultismus
Authors: Kiesewetter Karl
Published: November 2015

A leading German theosophical writer, Karl Kiesewetter (1854–95) produced a number of works on esotericism and occult beliefs and practices. This book, first published in 1891, remains one of the most extensive histories of modern esotericism. In his account of its development, Kiesewetter focuses on a number of historical figures who were, in his opinion, highly influential in the field. He discusses the Renaissance esotericism of Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486–1535) and devotes much consideration to Paracelsus (1493–1541), whom he considers to be 'the Luther of medicine'. He also engages with the system of pneumatology developed by Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772) and quotes extensively from the works of Jacob Böhme (1575–1624) and other German writers on pneumatology. Also included in this historical overview of modern occultism is the work of Andrew Jackson Davis (1826–1910), who was a leading figure within nineteenth-century American spiritualism.
Philo und die Alexandrinische Theosophie
Authors: Gfrörer August Friedrich
Published: November 2015

A keen student of theology, August Friedrich Gfrörer (1803–61) became professor of history at the University of Freiburg and also sat as a representative in the Frankfurt parliament, agitating for the reunification of Protestantism and Catholicism. His academic work marked the modern period in the Christian study of Judaism, making full use of primary sources without pursuing an obvious apologetic or polemical agenda. This two-volume work, published in 1831, is a critical study of early Christianity and the influence that Judaism had on the New Testament. Volume 1 provides a thorough exposition of Philo of Alexandria's philosophy and theology. Gfrörer also offers a biographical sketch of Philo and gives an informative overview of his writings and his time.
Geschichte von Böhmen
Authors: Palacký František
Published: November 2015

A highly influential Czech historian and politician, František Palacký (1798–1876) became in 1825 the first editor of the journal of the Bohemian Museum, a key cultural institution in the development of Czech nationalism. He was actively involved in the nineteenth-century Czech national revival, helping also to found the Czech national theatre. Entering politics in 1848, he served as president of the Prague Slavic Congress, and later became a member of the Austrian senate as a supporter of greater Czech autonomy. In this extensive work, comprising ten separate parts - published in German between 1836 and 1867 - Palacký gives a detailed account of Bohemian history until 1526. It remains an important and ambitious feat of scholarship, still relevant to students of central European history. Volume 1 (revised in 1844) deals with the region's earliest history, tracing the rule of the Bohemian dukes up to the end of the twelfth century.
Geschichte von Böhmen
Authors: Palacký František
Published: November 2015

A highly influential Czech historian and politician, František Palacký (1798–1876) became in 1825 the first editor of the journal of the Bohemian Museum, a key cultural institution in the development of Czech nationalism. He was actively involved in the nineteenth-century Czech national revival, helping also to found the Czech national theatre. Entering politics in 1848, he served as president of the Prague Slavic Congress, and later became a member of the Austrian senate as a supporter of greater Czech autonomy. In this extensive work, comprising ten separate parts - published in German between 1836 and 1867 - Palacký gives a detailed account of Bohemian history until 1526. It remains an important and ambitious feat of scholarship, still relevant to students of central European history. In the second part of Volume 3 (1851) Palacký addresses the Hussite Wars from 1419 to 1431.
Aedes Althorpianae
Authors: Dibdin Thomas Frognall
Published: November 2015

The bibliophile aristocrat George Spencer (1758–1834) employed Thomas Frognall Dibdin (1776–1847) as his librarian for life. The second earl had amassed the greatest private library in Europe, housed at Althorp, and Dibdin was tasked with cataloguing the vast collection and sourcing suitable editions to add to it. In 1814, Dibdin began publishing his four-volume catalogue, Bibliotheca Spenceriana (also reissued in this series). Aedes Althorpianae was published in two volumes in 1822, and although it is to a great extent devoted to further details of the great library and its contents, it is also illuminating for its detailed history of Althorp and the Spencers. Its descriptions of the internal decoration of Althorp, particularly its art, are accompanied by numerous illustrations. Volume 1 includes descriptions of the various illustrated works in the library, such as a volume of original drawings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder and a sumptuous illuminated Magna Carta.
Notes and Emendations to the Text of Shakespeare's Plays
Authors: Collier John Payne , Hamilton Nicholas Esterhazy Stephen Armytage , Hardy Thomas Duffus
Published: November 2015

The editor and forger John Payne Collier (1789–1883) claimed to have discovered a Second Folio of Shakespeare which had been 'corrected' in a mid-seventeenth-century hand. He published this catalogue of the emendations, including his commentary on them, in 1852. Collier then presented the so-called 'Perkins Folio' to the Duke of Devonshire, whose successor allowed it to be loaned in 1859 to the British Museum, where a thorough examination exposed it as a forgery. A storm of controversy followed and three of the key documents in the debate, all published in 1860, are also reissued here: 'An Inquiry into the Genuineness of the Manuscript Corrections in Mr. J. Payne Collier's Annotated Shakspere Folio, 1632' by Nicholas Hamilton (d.1915), assistant keeper of manuscripts at the British Museum; Collier's attempt to refute Hamilton's findings; and 'A Review of the Present State of the Shakespearian Controversy' by Thomas Duffus Hardy (1804–78).
Pindari opera quae supersunt
Authors: Pindar
Published: November 2015

One of the foremost scholars of his day, the German classicist August Böckh (1785–1867) was chosen by the Berlin Academy of Sciences as the first editor of the monumental Corpus inscriptionum graecarum. Before that he had published this groundbreaking edition of the extant works of the Greek poet Pindar (c.522–c.443 BCE) in two volumes, the second being split into two parts. In the first volume Böckh had presented Pindar's victory odes (Epinikia), the only complete surviving works by the poet, alongside his own Latin treatise on metrics and extensive critical notes. In this first part of the second volume, published in 1819, the editor includes a lengthy Latin preface followed by the ancient Greek - primarily Alexandrian - scholia taken from the Codex Vratislaviensis. These commentaries on Pindar's works, by such writers as Aristarchus, Chrysippus, Aristodemus and Didymus, are also accompanied by the editor's notes.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
Authors: Smith William
Published: November 2015

First published in 1842, this extensive reference work was edited and written in large part by the eminent lexicographer and classicist Sir William Smith (1813–93). Knighted in 1892, Smith was one of the major figures responsible for the revival of classical teaching and scholarship in Britain. He also made contributions to biblical study, editing a series of reference works on the subject. His three-volume Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology is also reissued in six parts in the Cambridge Library Collection. The present work is a massive achievement, running to well over a million words and copiously illustrated throughout with line drawings. It proved enduringly popular and was frequently reprinted throughout the nineteenth century. It is reissued now in two parts. The first part contains entries from abacus to lodix (a small shaggy blanket). The second part contains entries from logistai (Athenian officials) to zona (a girdle).
Physician Emergency Preparedness: A National Poll of Physicians
Authors: SteelFisher Gillian K. , Blendon Robert J. , Brulé Amanda S. , Lubell Keri M. , Jackson Brown Loretta , Batts Dahna , Ben-Porath Eran
Published: November 2015

Objective

To provide a more comprehensive view than previously available of US physician preparedness for public health emergencies, this study examined physicians’ assessments of their preparedness, training, participation in institutional activities, information practices, and experiences with patient education. Four kinds of public health emergencies were considered: natural disasters, major airborne infections, major foodborne illness outbreaks, and chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosives (CBRNE) incidents.

Methods

Between October 19, 2011, and January 11, 2012, researchers conducted a national poll among 1603 practicing physicians in a range of specialties in hospital and nonhospital settings.

Results

More than one-half of physicians felt prepared to handle a natural disaster, a major outbreak of an airborne infection, or a major foodborne illness outbreak, whereas one-third (34%) felt prepared to handle a CBRNE incident. About one-half of physicians (55%) had participated in training or a conference related to emergencies in the past 2 years. Sizable fractions of physicians were unaware of emergency response tools in their care setting. For example, nearly one-half in hospitals (44%) did not know whether their care setting had an emergency response plan, and less than one-quarter had participated in a drill using such a plan in the past 2 years. Less than one-third (31%) of physicians had signed up to receive alerts in the case of future emergencies. One in 10 reported sharing emergency information with patients at least “sometimes.”

Conclusions

Significant gaps remain in physician preparedness for public health emergencies, as well as in related training and participation in institutional activities. New efforts, with a focus on possible collaborations between public health institutions and health system leaders combined with effective use of online resources, are needed to bring more physicians on board and to develop relevant and useful key tools. New approaches, including those that rely on different types of care providers, may be needed to enhance patient education regarding emergency preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:666–680)
The Association Between Social Resources and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Migrants and Non-Migrants Living in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Hoi Chan Kit , Chen Wen , Zhou Fangjing , Sou Kalon , Hall Brian J.
Published: November 2015

Background: Depression is a commonly studied mental disorder affecting Chinese internal (i.e., rural-to-urban) migrants. Social resources effectively reduce depression for many communities experiencing adversities. This study evaluated social-level risk factors for depression between internal migrant and non-migrant Chinese living in mainland China. Method: We conducted a random population-level survey among migrants and local residents living in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. We used items from the Social Support Rating Scale to measure social resource dimensions, including social network size, emotional support, structural social capital, and one (self-developed) item that measured belonging (an element of social cohesion). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measured depression. Correlation and regression analyses of the partial sample ( n = 678) were conducted to estimate the association between social resources and depression for migrants ( n = 383) and non-migrants ( n = 295). Results: Stratified regression analysis demonstrated that for migrants, greater belonging was associated with less depression, while age and larger friendship social network size was related to less depression among non-migrants. Conclusion: Differences emerged in our sample with regard to the types of social resources that are protective against depression between migrants and non-migrants. Interventions that provide opportunities for migrants to better integrate and feel welcomed into their new communities may reduce their depression symptoms.
Sex difference in liver-related mortality and transplantation associated with dietary cholesterol in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Yu Lei , Morishima Chihiro , Ioannou George N.
Published: November 2015

Dietary cholesterol induces hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in animals. We aimed to determine whether dietary cholesterol affects liver-related mortality in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. We performed a retrospective cohort study using extended follow-up data from the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis Trial. The study included HCV patients with advanced fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis. The analysis included 657 patients who completed two FFQ. We assessed whether cholesterol intake, measured in mg/4184 kJ (mg/1000 kcal) of energy intake, was associated with liver-related death or transplantation. In 4·7 (sd1·6) years, the incidence of liver-related death (n46) or transplantation (n52) was 31·8/1000 person-years. The relationship between cholesterol intake and liver-related death or transplantation was significantly different between men and women (test for interaction,Pvalue=0·01). Each higher quartile of cholesterol intake was associated with an increased risk for liver-related death or transplantation in women (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1·83; 95 % CI 1·12, 2·99;Ptrend=0·02), but not in men (AHR 0·96; 95 % CI 0·76, 1·22;Ptrend=0·73). Compared with women whose cholesterol intake was within the recommended guidelines (300 mg/d with a 8368 kJ (2000 kcal) diet), women who consumed more cholesterol had significantly increased risk for liver-related death or transplantation (AHR 4·04; 95 % CI 1·42, 11·5). High dietary cholesterol was associated with an increased risk for liver-related death and transplantation in HCV-infected women with advanced fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis. Future studies should assess whether reducing cholesterol intake, among women who consume an excessive amount, can decrease HCV-related mortality.
Bombogor Inscription: Tombstone of a TurkicQunčuy(“Princess”)
Authors: ŞIRIN HATICE
Published: November 2015

Turkic Runic inscriptions, discovered in Mongolia during the second half of the 20th century and especially in the last decade, are remarkable. The Bombogor, consisting of five-lines, is one of them. This article is an attempt to re-read the mentioned inscription which was first published by Ts. Battulga. According to my proposed reading, the text was written on a tombstone which was erected in honour of a Turkishqunčuy(“princess”) who might have been married into the Karluk tribe.
The Melodies of Monsoons: Weather in Indian Classical Music
Authors: Uberoi Chanchal
Published: November 2015

Western composers evoke nature's fury with orchestral music that imitates the sounds of weather. Indian composers depict the monsoon rains in more abstract terms with the classical raga system.
Imagers Seek Big Bang Signatures, Also Find Gravity Wave Effects
Authors: Strelich Lily
Published: November 2015

Imagers aboard a scientific balloon in the stratosphere serendipitously captured images of thin ice clouds that reveal instability and turbulence flows in remarkable detail.
The effect of short-chain fatty acids on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Authors: Nastasi Claudia , Candela Marco , Bonefeld Charlotte Menné , Geisler Carsten , Hansen Morten , Krejsgaard Thorbjørn , Biagi Elena , Andersen Mads Hald , Brigidi Patrizia , Ødum Niels , Litman Thomas , Woetmann Anders
Published: November 2015

The gut microbiota is essential for human health and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as acetate, butyrate and propionate, are end-products of microbial fermentation of macronutrients that distribute systemically via the blood. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptional response of immature and LPS-matured human monocyte-derived DC to SCFA. Our data revealed distinct effects exerted by each individual SCFA on gene expression in human monocyte-derived DC, especially in the mature ones. Acetate only exerted negligible effects, while both butyrate and propionate strongly modulated gene expression in both immature and mature human monocyte-derived DC. An Ingenuity pathway analysis based on the differentially expressed genes suggested that propionate and butyrate modulate leukocyte trafficking, as SCFA strongly reduced the release of several pro-inflammatory chemokines including CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. Additionally, butyrate and propionate inhibited the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-12p40 showing a strong anti-inflammatory effect. This work illustrates that bacterial metabolites far from the site of their production can differentially modulate the inflammatory response and generally provides new insights into host-microbiome interactions.
Simultaneous effective carbon and nitrogen removals and phosphorus recovery in an intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor integrated system
Authors: Wang Yun-Kun , Pan Xin-Rong , Geng Yi-Kun , Sheng Guo-Ping
Published: November 2015

Recovering nutrients, especially phosphate resource, from wastewater have attracted increasing interest recently. Herein, an intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a mesh filter was developed for simultaneous chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorous removal, followed by phosphorus recovery from the phosphorus-rich sludge. This integrated system showed enhanced performances in nitrification and denitrification and phosphorous removal without excess sludge discharged. The removal of COD, TN and total phosphorus (TP) in a modified MBR were averaged at 94.4 ± 2.5%, 94.2 ± 5.7% and 53.3 ± 29.7%, respectively. The removed TP was stored in biomass and 68.7% of the stored phosphorous in the sludge could be recovered as concentrated phosphate solution with a concentration of phosphate above 350 mg/L. The sludge after phosphorus release could be returned back to the MBR for phosphorus uptake and 83.8% of its capacity could be recovered.
Characterization and discrimination of saffron by multisensory systems, SPME-GC-MS and UV-Vis spectrophotometry
Authors: Tahri K. , Tiebe C. , Bougrini M. , Saidi T. , El Alami El Hassani N. , El Bari N. , Hübert T. , Bouchikhi B.
Published: November 2015

Different electronic sensor systems coupled with multivariate data analysis were applied to characterize and classify seven saffron samples and to verify their declared geographical origin.
Novel triazolium based 11thgroup NHCs: synthesis, characterization and cellular response mechanisms
Authors: Pellei M. , Gandin V. , Marinelli M. , Orsetti A. , Del Bello F. , Santini C. , Marzano C.
Published: November 2015

The novel NHC ligand precursor 1,4-bis(4-nitrobenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium bromide, [HTz(pNO2Bz)2]Br, has been synthesized and used in the synthesis of the corresponding metal complexes M[Tz(pNO2Bz)2]Br (M = Cu(i), Ag(i) or Au(i)).
Modified PEDOT by benign preparing N-doped reduced graphene oxide as potential bio-electrode coating material
Authors: Fan Mengmeng , Zhu Chunlin , Liu Lin , Wu Qilu , Hao Qingli , Yang Jiazhi , Sun Dongping
Published: November 2015

We have successfully prepared PEDOT/N-rGO by electrodeposition, post-reduction, and doping N atoms with a microorganism to resolve the exfoliation and fragmentation problems of pristine PEDOT.
Crystal structures and luminescent properties of new lanthanide(iii) complexes derived from 2-phenyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylate
Authors: Jia Li , Sun Hao-Ling , Wang Zhenqiang
Published: November 2015

Five novel lanthanide complexes with diverse structural motifs are constructed under different reaction conditions and their photoluminescence properties are studied.
Pattern synthesis of sparse linear array by off‐grid Bayesian compressive sampling
Authors: Lin Jincheng , Ma Xiaochuan , Yan Shefeng , Jiang Li
Published: November 2015

An off‐grid (OG) pattern synthesis algorithm for sparse non‐uniform linear arrays is presented. It is based on Bayesian compressive sampling (BCS), and the design of maximally sparse linear arrays for the given reference patterns can be obtained. The proposed algorithm novelly introduces the OG model into the pattern synthesis problem, and it makes the synthesis more accurate than the conventional BCS algorithm. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has the advantage of high computational efficiency, since the BCS‐based algorithms can be realised by the fast relevance vector machine. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm has improved accuracy in terms of normalised mean square error.
Metaphorical application and interpretation of animal terms
Authors: Shahabi Mitra , Roberto Maria Teresa
Published: November 2015

The present research adopts a contrastive and descriptive approach aiming at discovering the reason for similarities and differences between the metaphorical meanings of animal terms between the two languages of English and Persian. For this purpose the most popular animal metaphors in both languages are compared and contrasted. The animals are mostly those with which we have close contact in our daily lives. It is believed that if we could learn how metaphors have originated across languages we could find some explanations for similarities and differences of the metaphorical meanings across languages and cultures. Contrasting the origins of metaphorical concepts is believed to be an appropriate framework for this goal. The results of this study reflect how English and Persian people conceptualize their surrounding world across cultures and how they lexicalize them. It is found that although the physical characteristics and behaviour of animals are the basis for the metaphorical applications or interpretations of animal terms, they are not the only determining factor. The other factors in metaphorical meanings of animal names are culture, language-specificity, and also those behavioural characteristics of animals which are attributed to culture (culturally salient features).
Non-aspherical ends and non-positive curvature
Authors: Belegradek Igor , Phan T.
Published: November 2015

We obtain restrictions on the boundary of a compact manifold whose interior admits a complete Riemannian metric of non-positive sectional curvature.
Characterization of the surface morphology of electroless NiP deposited on conductive Cu film
Authors: Huh Seok-Hwan , Choi Sung-Ho , Shin An-Seob , Jeong Gi-Ho , Ham Suk-Jin , Kim Keun-Soo
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– This study aims to elucidate the reaction mechanism of electroless NiP deposits on conductive but non-catalytic Cu films on the basis of their nucleation and growth without Pd catalyst and to measure the deposition rate and activation energy of electroless NiP deposits on the non-catalytic Cu film at various deposition times (60, 120, 240 and 480 s) and temperatures (70, 80 and 90°C) at pH 4.6.

Design/methodology/approach

– Specimens with and without Pd catalyst on Cu film were prepared as follows: the Pd catalyst was deposited on half of the Cu film using a deposition protector, and the specimen containing the Pd catalyst deposited on half of its area was immersed in electroless NiP solution. The growth of NiP on the Cu films with and without the Pd catalyst was observed.

Findings

– The number of Pd nanoparticles increased with Pd activation time; the nucleation of Pd dominated over growth at 60 s. Lattice images show that the d-spacing of Ni nanoparticles doped with less than 10 at% P increased to 2.050 Å. Nucleation of NiP deposits occurred simultaneously in the specimens with and without the Pd catalyst, because electrons could be transferred via the conductive Cu. Therefore, the reaction mechanism of the electroless NiP deposited on Cu film appears to be electrochemical. The activation energies for NiP deposits (15 s Pd with catalytic Pd, 15 s Pd without catalytic Pd, 60 s Pd with catalytic Pd and 60 s Pd without catalytic Pd) on the Cu film are 65.8, 64.0, 64.3 and 58.1 kJ/mol, respectively. This demonstrates that, regardless of the volume and the presence of catalytic Pd, the activation energy of electroless NiP has a consistent value.

Research limitations/implications

– It is necessary to study the relationship between the volume of Pd nanoparticles and the nucleation rate of NiP at an initial stage, as there are limited data regarding the effect of Pd volume on the nucleation rate of NiP.

Originality/value

– The reaction mechanism of the electroless NiP deposited on conductive but non-catalytic Cu film involves electrochemical reactions because the nucleation of NiP deposits occurs on conductive Cu film regardless of the presence of the Pd catalyst.