bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DOES IDEOLOGY (STILL) MATTER? YOUTH VOTERS BEHAVIOR ANAYLISIS AT THE NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE ELECTION IN GATAK DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Hamsah Dimar Tidi , Ilham Teguh , Safitri Dewi
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the characteristics and analyze the behavior of youth voters in the 2019 legislative general election (DPR) in Gatak District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The method used is a mixed method. The population is youth voters aged 20-24 years and the number of samples is 97 voters determined by the Slovin formula and selected using a simple random technique. Test the validity of the questionnaire using the Guttman scale. In addition, this study also used semi-structured interviews with nine selected informants. Secondary data is also used to complete the analysis, such as: reports, scientific writings, and news. This study found that based on the typology, youth voters in Gatak District tended to be rational, not traditional, not skeptical, however, they tend not to be critical voters, especially on two indicators related to attachment to the ideology of political parties and their legislative candidates. Based on these results, it is concluded that the preferences of youth voters towards parties and candidates are more policy problem solving oriented than ideological orientations.
BUILDING ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY: TACKLING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Wiranti Dyah Ayu
Published: February 2024

The implementation of Covid-19 mitigation policies has hindered the effective functioning of public services. During the Covid-19 pandemic, domestic violence cases remained hidden due to victims' limited access to reporting channels, despite the government's efforts in establishing P2TP2A and SEJIWA psychological services. The persistently high incidence of domestic violence prompted Farazmand (2009) to advocate for increasing the state's administrative capacity to confront unforeseen challenges. This article examines Indonesia's approach to addressing domestic violence during the pandemic through Farazmand's Administrative Capacity Building recipe, utilizing a descriptive qualitative methodology with a literature study. The analysis reveals a pressing need for preventive services in Indonesia, such as social marketing and the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in creating applications that can proactively combat domestic violence, aligning with Farazmand's notion of "anticipatory" administrative capacity.
Kualitas Website Kendari Kota dalam Penanganan Covid-19 di Kota Kendari
Authors: Abdiyanto Made Agus , I Nabiel A. Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Website  Kendarikota merupakan website  yang dikelola oleh Dinas Komunikasi dan Informasi Kota Kendari yang bertujuan untuk membantu kinerja Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Kendari dalam hal pelayanan publik di bidang informasi khususnya terhadap penanganan Covid-19 (website  kota kendari 2019). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk  mengetahui kualitas website  Kendarikota sebagai media informasi yang di gunakan dalam penanganan Covid-19 di Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Kendari   serta strategi yang dilakukan Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Kendari untuk memperbaiki kualitas website  Kendarikota dalam penanganan Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun  teknik

pengumpulan data dan informasi dilakukan dengan Observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, Sedangkan, teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian menunjukan bahwa kualitas Informasi, kualitas layanan , kualitas teknis yang disajikan pada website  Kendari kota dapat dikatakan telah memiliki akurasi informasi dan kinerja website  yang baik. Berkaitan dengan Strategi Dalam Memperbaiki Kualitas Teknik, Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas Teknik juga sudah baik. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari kualitas website  Kendarikota Dalam Penanganan Covid-19 di Kota Kendari jika diukur dengan teori Alvaro Rocha tentang kualitas website  sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik, kemudiaan  Strategi Dalam Memperbaiki Kualitas Isi, Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas Teknik  berlangsung cukup baik dalam pelaksanaannya.
Uji Testing Kualitas Website Pemerintah Daerah Dengan GTMETRIX
Authors: Nangameka Teresa Irmina , Amir Eriza Erfiana
Published: February 2024

Website menjadi primary tool untuk melihat tingkatan penerapan e-Government. Kualitas website sebagai wujud e-Government memiliki peran krusial dalam meningkatkan layanan publik dan transparansi pemerintah. Mewujudkan e-Government salah satunya dengan menciptakan lingkungan yang kompetitif untuk diuji perkembangan penggunaan teknologi informasinya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengukur dan memperbandingkan tingkat kualitas website resmi dari 4 (empat) Pemerintah Daerah yang menjadi fokus penelitian, antara lain Kabupaten Situbondo, Jember, Bondowoso, dan Banyuwangi dan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan atas hasil evaluasi. Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah metode Automated UsabilityTesting Tools pada halaman muka dari website Pemerintah Daerah tersebut. Adapun alat uji yang digunakan adalah GTMetrix, salah satu tool untuk mengecek kecepatan website, kinerja atau website performance, dan daya tahan dari website tersebut. Metode Automated Usability Testing Tools digunakan untuk membantu peneliti mengukur performa website dengan akurasi tinggi. Uji testing dilakukan selama 10 (sepuluh) hari kerja dengan indikator GTMetrix yang diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah Performance Score, Structured Score, Page Load Time, Largest Contentful Paint, Total Blocking Time, dan Cumulative Layout Shift.  Hasil pengujian oleh GTMetrix ini menempatkan Kabupaten Bondowoso yang paling unggul dalam optimalisasi website dari ketiga situs resmi pemerintah daerah lainnya. Spesifiknya, pada indikator Perfomance Score, website Kabupaten Bondowoso mendapat nilai tertinggi,  kemudian untuk indikator Structured Score, website Kabupaten Situbondo memimpin. Selanjutnya untuk indikator Page Load Time, website Kabupaten Bondowoso menjadi yang tercepat. Largest Contentful Paint sebagai indikator berikutnya menempatkan website Kabupaten Bondowoso sebagai yang tercepat memuat konten atau elemen besar dalam websitenya. Kemudian pada Total Blocking Time, antara website Kabupaten Situbondo dan Bondowoso tidak memerlukan waktu yang signifikan untuk memuat konten-konten kecil pada tampilan halaman muka website. Terakhir untuk Cumulative Layout Shift, website Kabupaten Bondowoso dan Banyuwangi yang mendapat nilai Good atau Baik.   Temuan evaluasi ini penting selain untuk memberikan pandangan yang berharga untuk peningkatan kualitas layanan e-Government di daerah studi juga dalam rangka meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan efisiensi layanan kepada masyarakat.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Di Kecamatan Kaimana Kabupaten Kaimana Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Ufnia Sylvia Widy Syaharani , Hendrayanti Hendrayanti
Published: February 2024

Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah adalah hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam lingkungan hidup karena salah satu faktor yang memiliki pengaruh dalam keamanan dan kenyamanan kehidupan bermasyarakat adalah sampah. Peran penting yang dimiliki pemerintah dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah sehingga terciptanya lingkungan masyarakat yang nyaman dan bersih dan terwujudnya fungsi perlindungan masyarakat yang dijalankan pemerintahan. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana berjalannya pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah di Kecamatan Kaimana Kabupaten Kaimana Provinsi Papua Barat.  Metode : pendekatan kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan dokumentasi. Dan teknis analisis data meliputi pengambilan data, menyusun dan memilah yang penting, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil : penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Sampah di Kecamatan Kaimana Kabupaten Kaimana Provinsi Papua Barat sudah berjalan dengan baik hanya saja masih memiliki beberapa hambatan yang harus dengan sigap di atasi oleh Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Kaimana. Kesimpulan : Pemberdayaan masyarakat di Kabupaten Kaimana sudah berjalan dengan baik, hanya saja masih terdapat beberapa hambatan yang dihadapi oleh Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dengan berbagai upaya yang disusun.
Perspectives, aspirations and perceived support students with low economic and cultural capital in the university in Spain and Dominican Republic
Authors: González-Monteagudo José , Padilla-Carmona Teresa , Tenorio-Rodríguez María A.
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the characteristics and both material and emotional costs of upward social mobility through university education in Spain and the Dominican Republic. A comparative qualitative study has been carried out, based on biographical-narrative interviews, with a sample of 6 Dominican students and 9 Spanish students coming from an economically disadvantaged background. The results show the social mobility experiences and expectations of the participants and their families, with different nuances in the two contexts. The need to combine study with work is one of the main costs of university. The primary coping strategy in both countries is material and symbolic family support, but additional coping mechanisms to persist in studies are also evident. The conclusions highlight both the perspectives developed by the participants and the critical role of structural dimensions (social background, national context, recent history, economy, social values, culture, religious beliefs) in understanding their experiences in the university context.
Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for predicting Dubai property prices
Authors: Elnaeem Balila Abdulsalam , Shabri Ani Bin
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Predicting property prices is a crucial task in the real estate market, and machine learning algorithms offer valuable tools for accurate predictions. In this study, we introduce a comprehensive comparison of eight well-known machine learning algorithms, namely, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)–stochastic (S) + deterministic (D)–support vector machine (EEMD-SD-SVM), support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting, random forest, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), linear regression, artificial neural networks (ANN), and decision trees. The focus is on predicting property prices in Dubai, with the primary objective of assessing the predictive performance of these algorithms within this specific market context.

Methods

The evaluation is based on four key performance metrics: R-squared (R2), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). These metrics provide insights into prediction errors, accuracy in percentage terms, and the proportion of variance in property prices explained by independent variables. The study compares the strengths and limitations of each algorithm for predicting property prices in Dubai, highlighting scenarios where certain algorithms excel based on the nature of decision boundaries, handling complex data, capturing localized patterns, and offering interpretability.

Results

Findings from the comparative analysis shed light on the performance of each algorithm in predicting property prices in Dubai. EEMD-SD-SVM and SVM excel in scenarios requiring precise decision boundaries, while gradient boosting and random forests demonstrate robust performance with complex and noisy property price data. KNN captures localized patterns effectively, linear regression is suitable for straightforward regression tasks, ANN excels with extensive datasets, and decision trees offer interpretability in understanding factors influencing property prices.

Discussion

The study emphasizes the significance of model tuning, feature selection, and data pre-processing to enhance predictive power. Additionally, practical aspects such as computational efficiency, model interpretability, and scalability in real-world applications are discussed. The comparative analysis provides valuable guidance for stakeholders, including real estate professionals, data scientists, and stakeholders interested in selecting the most suitable machine learning algorithm for predicting property prices in Dubai, with a focus on the essential evaluation metrics of MSE, RMSE, MAPE, and R2. This study offers insights into the applicability and performance of different machine learning algorithms for predicting property prices in Dubai. Stakeholders such as real estate agents, buyers, sellers, or investors can leverage these insights to make informed decisions in the Dubai real estate market.
Development of a human-size magnetic particle imaging device for sentinel lymph node biopsy of breast cancer
Authors: Bai Shi , Gai Lingke , Zhang Qinyang , Kang Yue , Liu Zhiyao , He Yuan , Liu Wenzhong , Jiang Tao , Du Zhongzhou , Du Siyao , Gao Si , Zhang Min , Li Tianshu
Published: February 2024

In this study, a novel human-size handheld magnetic particle imaging (MPI) system was developed for the high-precision detection of sentinel lymph nodes for breast cancer. The system consisted of a highly sensitive home-made MPI detection probe, a set of concentric coils pair for spatialization, a solenoid coil for uniform excitation at 8 kHz@1.5 mT, and a full mirrored coil set positioned far away from the scanning area. The mirrored coils formed an extremely effective differential pickup structure which suppressed the system noise as high as 100 dB. The different combination of the inner and outer gradient current made the field free point (FFP) move in the Z direction with a uniform intensity of 0.54T/m, while the scanning in the XY direction was implemented mechanically. The third-harmonic signal of the Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) at the FFP was detected and then reconstructed synchronously with the current changes. Experiment results showed that the tomographic detection limit was 30 mm in the Z direction, and the sensitivity was about 10 μg Fe SPIONs at 40 mm distance with a spatial resolution of about 5 mm. In the rat experiment, 54 μg intramuscular injected SPIONs were detected successfully in the sentinel lymph node, in which the tracer content was about 1.2% total injected Fe. Additionally, the effective detection time window was confirmed from 4 to 6 min after injection. Relevant clinical ethics are already in the application process. Large mammalian SLNB MPI experiments and 3D preoperative SLNB imaging will be performed in the future.
Future projections of hurricane intensity in the southeastern U.S.: sensitivity to different Pseudo-Global Warming methods
Authors: Olschewski Patrick , Kunstmann Harald
Published: February 2024

Tropical cyclones are prone to cause fatalities and damages reaching far into billions of US Dollars. There is evidence that these events could intensify under ongoing global warming, and accordingly disaster prevention and adaptation strategies are necessary. We apply Pseudo-Global Warming (PGW) as a computational cost-efficient alternative to conventional long-term modeling, enabling the assessment of historical events under future storylines. Not many studies specifically assess the sensitivity of PGW in the context of short-term extreme events in the United States. In an attempt to close this gap, this study explores the sensitivity of hurricane intensity to different PGW configurations, including a purely thermodynamic, a dynamic, and a more comprehensive modulation of initial and boundary conditions using the Weather and Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). The climate perturbations are calculated using two individual CMIP6 climate models with a relatively low and high temperature change and the CMIP6 ensemble mean, all under SSP5-8.5. WRF was set up in a two-way nesting framework using domains of 25 and 5 km spatial resolution. Results show that high uncertainties exist between the thermodynamic and dynamic approaches, whereas the deviations between the dynamic approach and the comprehensive variable modulation are low. Hurricanes modeled under the thermodynamic approach tend toward higher intensities, whereas the perturbation of wind under the dynamic approach may impose unwanted effects on cyclogenesis, for example due to increased vertical wind shear. The highest sensitivity, however, stems from the selected CMIP6 model. We conclude that PGW studies should thoroughly assess uncertainties imposed by the PGW scheme, similar to those imposed by model parameterizations. All simulation results suggest an increase in maximum wind speeds and precipitation for the high impact model and the ensemble mean. An unfolding of the inspected events in a warmer world could therefore exacerbate the impacts on nature and society.
Importance of ecosystem services and ecological security patterns on Hainan Island, China
Authors: Liu Haodong , Zhang Gaoqiang , Li Tianqi , Ren Siyuan , Chen Baihua , Feng Kaibin , Li Wei , Zhao Xiaoqing , Qin Pengyao , Zhao Junpeng
Published: February 2024

The identification and restoration of damaged ecosystems are key to achieving ecological conservation and sustainable. Hainan Island is experiencing a serious crisis of biodiversity and habitat degradation. Therefore, its ecological conservation has become a priority and challenge for China. This study aimed to construct a multi-level ecological security pattern (ESP) based on the synergy of multiple ecosystem service functions and identify important ecological elements and ecological restoration areas. Based on the InVEST model, the circuit theory model, and a series of GIS spatial analysis methods, the importance of ecosystem functions (biodiversity maintenance, water conservation, carbon sequestration, and soil conservation) was evaluated, and ecological sources, ecological corridors, ecological pinch points, and ecological barrier points were identified. The results are as follows: 1) The best habitats in Hainan Island were distributed in the central mountainous area with diverse ecosystems, with an area of 10982.5 km2, accounting for 34.25% of the total suitable habitats. Low-level habitats are mainly distributed on tableland and coastal zones. Human disturbance is the direct cause of landscape patch fragmentation in low-level habitat areas. 2) A total of 65 large ecological sources with a total area of 8238.23 km2 were identified, which were concentrated in the biodiversity and water conservation areas in the central part of the island. 3) Crucial areas in Hainan Island mainly comprised forests and water bodies. Ecological corridors radiated across the entire area in the form of a spider web and connected all important ecological patches, including 138 ecological corridors (73 primary ecological corridors and 65 secondary ecological corridors), 222 ecological pinch points, and 198 ecological barrier points. In addition, the identified areas for restoration are primary areas in urgent need of protection and restoration. In general, the ecological pinch points are natural conservation areas supplemented by anthropogenic restoration, and the ecological barrier points demand equal attention for anthropogenic restoration and nature conservation. The ecosystem protection plan developed in this study will enrich the theoretical achievements of territorial spatial ecological planning in Hainan Island, and provides clear guidance for alleviating the contradiction between land use and economic development in Hainan Island.
Allograft function predicts mortality in kidney transplant recipients with severe COVID-19: a paradoxical risk factor
Authors: Luo Han , Wen Jingyu , Yang Hongji , Ran Qing , Hou Yifu
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at a higher risk of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) because of their immunocompromised status. However, the effect of allograft function on the prognosis of severe COVID-19 in KTRs is unclear. In this study, we aimed to analyze the correlation between pre-infection allograft function and the prognosis of severe COVID-19 in KTRs.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 82 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at the Sichuan Provincial Peoples Hospital between October 1, 2014 and December 1, 2022 and were diagnosed with severe COVID-19. The patients were divided into decreased eGFR and normal eGFR groups based on the allograft function before COVID-19 diagnosis (n=32 [decreased eGFR group], mean age: 43.00 years; n=50 [normal eGFR group, mean age: 41.88 years). We performed logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for death in patients with severe COVID-19. The nomogram was used to visualize the logistic regression model results.

Results

The mortality rate of KTRs with pre-infection allograft function insufficiency in the decreased eGFR group was significantly higher than that of KTRs in the normal eGFR group (31.25% [10/32] vs. 8.00% [4/50], P=0.006). Pre-infection allograft function insufficiency (OR=6.96, 95% CI: 1.4633.18, P=0.015) and maintenance of a mycophenolic acid dose >1500 mg/day before infection (OR=7.59, 95% CI: 1.0853.20, P=0.041) were independent risk factors, and the use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir before severe COVID-19 (OR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.030.72, P=0.018) was a protective factor against death in severe COVID-19.

Conclusions

Pre-infection allograft function is a good predictor of death in patients with severe COVID-19. Allograft function was improved after treatment for severe COVID-19, which was not observed in patients with non-severe COVID-19.
Unveiling the immune symphony: decoding colorectal cancer metastasis through immune interactions
Authors: He Ru , Huang Shangke , Lu Jiaan , Su Lanqian , Gao Xinrui , Chi Hao
Published: February 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC), known for its high metastatic potential, remains a leading cause of cancer-related death. This review emphasizes the critical role of immune responses in CRC metastasis, focusing on the interaction between immune cells and tumor microenvironment. We explore how immune cells, through cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, contribute to the CRC metastasis cascade, underlining the tumor microenvironment’s role in shaping immune responses. The review addresses CRC’s immune evasion tactics, especially the upregulation of checkpoint inhibitors like PD-1 and CTLA-4, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. We also examine advanced immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and immune cell transplantation, to modify immune responses and enhance treatment outcomes in CRC metastasis. Overall, our analysis offers insights into the interplay between immune molecules and the tumor environment, crucial for developing new treatments to control CRC metastasis and improve patient prognosis, with a specific focus on overcoming immune evasion, a key aspect of this special issue.
Level evaluation of concrete dam fractures based on game theory combination weighting-normal cloud model
Authors: Li Wei-Wei , Gu Xin-Bao , Yang Chao , Zhao Chao
Published: February 2024

Hazard evaluation of concrete dam fractures is vital for safe operations. The width (S1), length (S2), and depth (S3) of fractures are adopted as the assessment index, and the game theory combination weighting-normal cloud model is introduced. The normal cloud model of certain dam fractures is subsequently established. The weight coefficients of each index are calculated using game theory combination weighting, and the certainty degree of each index is determined using the cloud model. Finally, the hazard levels of the concrete dam fractures are judged. The proposed model solves the fuzziness and randomness of different indexes; the conclusions demonstrate that the model is feasible for the hazard assessment of concrete dam fractures, and its accuracy is very high; therefore, a new approach can be provided for future hazard-level assessments of concrete dam fractures.
Study on rheological, adsorption and hydration properties of cement slurries incorporated with EPEG-based polycarboxylate superplasticizers
Authors: Fang Yunhui , Wang Zhaopeng , Yan Dongming , Lai Huazhen , Ma Xiuxing , Lai Junying , Liu Yi , Zhong Lina , Chen Zhanhua , Zhang Xiaofang , Lin Zhijun , Wang Dongye
Published: February 2024

A series of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) with different side-chain densities, main chain polymerization degrees, and side-chain lengths were designed and synthesized using a novel highly active ethylene glycol mono vinyl ether polyethylene glycol as the ether monomer. The influence of polycarboxylate ether on the rheological properties, interface adsorption, and hydration characteristics in cement paste was investigated through characterization of charge density, rheological properties, adsorption behavior, and hydration heat. The results indicate that the adsorption process of PCE on cement particles is spontaneous physical adsorption, and the hydration kinetics fitting reveals that the geometric crystal growth exponent n is in the range of 1–2, with needle-like and lamellar hydration products formed. With a decrease in side-chain density, the broadening of molecular weight distribution and the increase of charge density accelerate the flow of slurry, reduces saturation adsorption, and delays cement hydration. A decrease in main chain polymerization degree results in a downward trend in molecular weight and charge density, leading to larger molecular conformations, reduced slurry flow, decreased saturation adsorption, and delayed cement hydration. As the side-chain length of PCE (molecular weight) increases, the charge density decreases, and the molecular conformation exhibits a compact structure with reduced slurry flow, decreased saturation adsorption, and delayed cement hydration. In cases of low side-chain density, short side chains, and low molecular weight, enhanced adsorption capacity and faster adsorption rates are observed, resulting in the lower viscosity and a delay in the cement hydration process.
Severe, very early onset preeclampsia in a Covid 19-positive woman with a twin pregnancy presenting with a hydatidiform mole and coexisting normal fetus: a case report
Authors: Willy Daniela , Schmitz Ralf , Möllers Mareike , Heitplatz Barbara , Kuntze Anna , Stratis Yvonne , Bahlke Katrin , Röpke Albrecht , Meyer-Wittkopf Matthias , Oelmeier Kathrin
Published: February 2024

Cases of hydatidiform moles with a coexisting fetus are sparse and patients are at high risk for severe complications. Patients and physicians often face the dilemma of the wish to continue pregnancy until viability of the fetus while the risk for maternal complications increases. We present an educational case of a twin pregnancy presenting with a hydatidiform mole and coexisting normal fetus with a placenta praevia. The patient developed severe, early onset preeclampsia with beginning HELLP-syndrome and was tested Covid-19 positive in the further course. Termination of pregnancy was conducted via caesarean section at 18 + 6 weeks of pregnancy. Histopathology and genetic analysis confirmed a complete hydatidiform mole next to a normal placenta. Close follow-up examinations were conducted and showed normal findings including ß HCG levels normalizing within 5 months. This case combines several rare, difficult and severe medical conditions and demonstrates how an individualized therapy by an interdisciplinary team covering a highly sensitive topic was developed in a situation where no guidelines exist.
Geographical and temporal distribution of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis in Europe and the Americas
Authors: Guzinski Jaromir , Potter Joshua , Tang Yue , Davies Rob , Teale Christopher , Petrovska Liljana
Published: February 2024

Recently emerged S. Infantis strains carrying resistance to several commonly used antimicrobials have been reported from different parts of the globe, causing human cases of salmonellosis and with occurrence reported predominantly in broiler chickens. Here, we performed phylogenetic and genetic clustering analyses to describe the population structure of 417 S. Infantis originating from multiple European countries and the Americas collected between 1985 and 2019. Of these, 171 were collected from 56 distinct premises located in England and Wales (E/W) between 2009 and 2019, including isolates linked to incursions of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains from Europe associated with imported poultry meat. The analysis facilitated the comparison of isolates from different E/W sources with isolates originating from other countries. There was a high degree of congruency between the outputs of different types of population structure analyses revealing that the E/W and central European (Germany, Hungary, and Poland) isolates formed several disparate groups, which were distinct from the cluster relating to the United States (USA) and Ecuador/Peru, but that isolates from Brazil were closely related to the E/W and the central European isolates. Nearly half of the analysed strains/genomes (194/417) harboured the IncFIB(pN55391) replicon typical of the “parasitic” pESI-like megaplasmid found in diverse strains of S. Infantis. The isolates that contained the IncFIB(pN55391) replicon clustered together, despite originating from different parts of the globe. This outcome was corroborated by the time-measured phylogeny, which indicated that the initial acquisition of IncFIB(pN55391) likely occurred in Europe in the late 1980s, with a single introduction of IncFIB(pN55391)-carrying S. Infantis to the Americas several years later. Most of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were identified in isolates that harboured one or more different plasmids, but based on the short-read assemblies, only a minority of the resistance genes found in these isolates were identified as being associated with the detected plasmids, whereas the hybrid assemblies comprising the short and long reads demonstrated that the majority of the identified AMR genes were associated with IncFIB(pN55391) and other detected plasmid replicon types. This finding underlies the importance of applying appropriate methodologies to investigate associations of AMR genes with bacterial plasmids.
Controlling arbovirus infection: high-throughput transcriptome and proteome insights
Authors: Puig-Torrents Mireia , Díez Juana
Published: February 2024

Arboviruses pose a significant threat to public health globally, demanding innovative approaches for their control. For this, a better understanding of the complex web of interactions established in arbovirus-infected mosquitoes is fundamental. High-throughput analyses allow a genome-wide view of arbovirus-induced alterations at different gene expression levels. This review provides a comprehensive perspective into the current literature in transcriptome and proteome landscapes in mosquitoes infected with arboviruses. It also proposes a coordinated research effort to define the critical nodes that determine arbovirus infection and transmission.
Extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: clinical features and treatment with ceftazidime/avibactam and ceftolozane/tazobactam in a tertiary care university hospital center in Portugal – A cross-sectional and retrospective observational study
Authors: Mendes Pedro Diogo , Paulo Sérgio Eduardo , Santos Carla Mimoso , Fonseca Ana Bruschy , Melo Cristino José , Pereira Álvaro Ayres , Caneiras Cátia
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) is a growing concern due to its increasing incidence, limited therapeutic options, limited data on the optimal treatment, and high mortality rates. The study aimed to characterize the population, the outcome and the microbiological characteristics of XDR-PA identified in a Portuguese university hospital center.

Methods

All XDR-PA isolates between January 2019 and December 2021 were identified. XDR-PA was defined as resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam, third and fourth generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. A retrospective analysis of the medical records was performed.

Results

One hundred seventy-eight individual episodes among 130 patients with XDR-PA detection were identified. The most common sources of infection were respiratory (32%) and urinary tracts (30%), although skin and soft tissue infections (18%) and primary bacteremia (14%) were also prevalent. Colonization was admitted in 64 cases. Several patients had risk factors for complicated infections, most notably immunosuppression, structural lung abnormalities, major surgery, hemodialysis or foreign intravascular or urinary devices. XDR-PA identification was more frequent in male patients with an average age of 64.3 ± 17.5 years. One non-susceptibility to colistin was reported. Only 12.4% were susceptible to aztreonam. Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) was susceptible in 71.5% of the tested isolates. Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) was susceptible in 77.5% of the tested isolates. Antibiotic regimens with XDR-PA coverage were reserved for patients with declared infection, except to cystic fibrosis. The most frequently administered antibiotics were colistin (41 cases), CZA (39 cases), and C/T (16 cases). When combination therapy was used, CZA plus colistin was preferred. The global mortality rate among infected patients was 35.1%, significantly higher in those with hematologic malignancy (50.0%, p < 0.05), followed by the ones with bacteremia (44.4%, p < 0.05) and those medicated with colistin (39.0%, p < 0.05), especially the ones with respiratory infections (60.0%). Among patients treated with CZA or C/T, the mortality rate seemed to be lower.

Discussion

XDR-PA infections can be severe and difficult to treat, with a high mortality rate. Even though colistin seems to be a viable option, it is likely less safe and efficient than CZA and C/T. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of the clinical infection characteristics and treatment of XDR-PA in Portugal.
Clostridium strain FAM25158, a unique endospore-forming bacterium related to Clostridium tyrobutyricum and isolated from Emmental cheese shows low tolerance to salt
Authors: Prinčič Lucija , Burtscher Johanna , Sacken Paul , Krajnc Tina , Domig Konrad J.
Published: February 2024

The genus Clostridium is a large and diverse group of species that can cause food spoilage, including late blowing defect (LBD) in cheese. In this study, we investigated the taxonomic status of strain FAM25158 isolated from Emmental cheese with LBD using a polyphasic taxonomic and comparative genomic approach. A 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny suggested affiliation to the Clostridium sensu stricto cluster, with Clostridium tyrobutyricum DSM 2637T being the closest related type strain (99.16% sequence similarity). Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analysis revealed that strain FAM25158 is at the species threshold with C. tyrobutyricum, with ANI values ranging from 94.70 to 95.26%, while the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were below the recommended threshold, suggesting that FAM25158 is significantly different from C. tyrobutyricum at the genomic level. Moreover, comparative genomic analysis between FAM25158 and its four closest C. tyrobutyricum relatives revealed a diversity of metabolic pathways, with FAM25158 differing from other C. tyrobutyricum strains by the presence of genes such as scrA, srcB, and scrK, responsible for sucrose utilization, and the absence of many important functional genes associated with cold and osmolality adaptation, which was further supported by phenotypic analyses. Surprisingly, strain FAM25158 exhibited unique physiologic traits, such as an optimal growth temperature of 30°C, in contrast to its closest relatives, C. tyrobutyricum species with an optimal growth temperature of 37°C. Additionally, the growth of FAM25158 was inhibited at NaCl concentrations higher than 0.5%, a remarkable observation considering its origin from cheese. While the results of this study provide novel information on the genetic content of strain FAM25158, the relationship between its genetic content and the observed phenotype remains a topic requiring further investigation.
Relationship between physical activity and cerebral white matter hyperintensity volumes in older adults with depressive symptoms and mild memory impairment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Otsuka Shotaro , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Takeshita Yasufumi , Takada Seiya , Tani Akira , Sakakima Harutoshi , Maruyama Ikuro , Makizako Hyuma
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are commonly found in the aging brain and have been implicated in the initiation and severity of many central nervous system diseases. Furthermore, an increased WMH volume indicates reduced brain health in older adults. This study investigated the association between WMH volume and physical activity in older adults with depressive symptoms (DS) and mild memory impairment (MMI). Factors associated with the WMH volume were also investigated.

Methods

A total of 57 individuals aged over 65 years with DS and MMI were included in this study. The participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to quantify WMH volumes. After WMH volume was accumulated, normalized to the total intracranial volume (TIV), the percentage of WMH volume was calculated. In addition, all participants wore a triaxial accelerometer for 2 weeks, and the average daily physical activity and number of steps were measured. The levels of blood biomarkers including cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), brain-derived insulin-like growth factor-1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured. Motor and cognitive functions were also assessed.

Results

Faster maximum walking speed and longer time spent engaged in moderate physical activity were associated with a smaller percent of WMH volume, whereas higher serum IL-6 levels were associated with a larger percent of WMH volume. The number of steps per day, time spent engaged in low levels of physical activity, cognitive function, and all other measured biomarkers were not significantly associated with percent of WMH volume.

Discussion

Higher blood inflammatory cytokine levels, shorter duration of moderate physical activity, and lower maximum walking speed were associated with a higher percent of WMH volume. Our results provide useful information for maintaining brain health in older adults at a high risk of developing dementia and may contribute to the development of preventive medicine for brain health.
Role of a Pdlim5:PalmD complex in directing dendrite morphology
Authors: Srivastava Yogesh , Donta Maxsam , Mireles Lydia L. , Paulucci-Holthauzen Adriana , Waxham M. Neal , McCrea Pierre D.
Published: February 2024

Neuronal connectivity is regulated during normal brain development with the arrangement of spines and synapses being dependent on the morphology of dendrites. Further, in multiple neurodevelopmental and aging disorders, disruptions of dendrite formation or shaping is associated with atypical neuronal connectivity. We showed previously that Pdlim5 binds delta-catenin and promotes dendrite branching. We report here that Pdlim5 interacts with PalmD, a protein previously suggested by others to interact with the cytoskeleton (e.g., via adducin/spectrin) and to regulate membrane shaping. Functionally, the knockdown of PalmD or Pdlim5 in rat primary hippocampal neurons dramatically reduces branching and conversely, PalmD exogenous expression promotes dendrite branching as does Pdlim5. Further, we show that each proteins’ effects are dependent on the presence of the other. In summary, using primary rat hippocampal neurons we reveal the contributions of a novel Pdlim5:PalmD protein complex, composed of functionally inter-dependent components responsible for shaping neuronal dendrites.
Kinesiophobia, limits of stability, and functional balance assessment in geriatric patients with chronic low back pain and osteoporosis: a comprehensive study
Authors: Alshahrani Mastour Saeed , Reddy Ravi Shankar
Published: February 2024

Background

The significance of studying Kinesiophobia, Limits of Stability (LOS), and functional balance in geriatric patients with CLBP and osteoporosis lies in their profound impact on rehabilitation outcomes and fall risk, ultimately affecting patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to examine LOS and functional balance in the geriatric population concurrently experiencing Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) and osteoporosis, in comparison to age-matched healthy controls; to assess the correlations between Kinesiophobia, LOS, and functional balance assessments; and to evaluate the mediating influence of Kinesiophobia on the association between LOS and functional balance tests.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included a total of 86 participants in each group. Kinesiophobia was assessed using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). LOS variables were evaluated with a computerized Iso-free platform in eight different directions. Functional balance was measured using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS).

Results

Patients with CLBP and osteoporosis showed significantly lower LOS percentages (45.78 ± 6.92) and impaired Functional Balance, reflected in a TUG Score (10.45 ± 2.23), compared to asymptomatic controls (LOS: 76.95 ± 8.21; TUG: 8.73 ± 1.90). Kinesiophobia showed a significant moderate negative correlation with LOS, indicated by r = −0.362 (p < 0.01). Additionally, Kinesiophobia was found to correlate with functional balance tests. Specifically, there was a moderate positive correlation with the TUG Score (r = 0.322, p < 0.01), indicating that higher Kinesiophobia is associated with slower TUG performance. Conversely, a stronger moderate negative correlation was observed with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) Score (r = −0.436, p < 0.001), suggesting that increased Kinesiophobia is associated with lower BBS scores, indicating poorer balance performance. Mediation analysis revealed that Kinesiophobia significantly influences LOS and Functional Balance. For LOS and the TUG score, Kinesiophobia showed a direct effect (B = 0.24), an indirect effect (B = 0.09), and a total effect (B = 0.13). Similarly, for LOS and the BBS score, the direct effect of Kinesiophobia was B = 0.38, with an indirect effect of B = 0.10 and a total effect of B = 0.20.

Conclusion

This study underscores the substantial impact of Kinesiophobia on both stability and functional balance in individuals coping with CLBP and osteoporosis. The findings emphasize the clinical relevance of addressing Kinesiophobia as a potential target for interventions aimed at improving LOS and functional balance in this specific patient population.
Case report: Successful treatment of advanced pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma with BUBIB-ALK rearrangement and KRAS G12C mutation by sintilimab combined with anlotinib
Authors: Huang Nana , Qu Tianhao , Zhang Chunxia , Li Jia
Published: February 2024

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is characterized by poor differentiation and invasiveness. According to the World Health Organization, PSC exhibits sarcoma or sarcomatoid differentiation and typically presents with an insidious onset, lacking specific symptoms and signs. It is associated with high malignancy, early metastasis, short survival time, and a poor prognosis. Treatment for PSC follows a similar approach to NSCLC; however, it presents significant challenges due to its high resistance to chemotherapy. Previous research has demonstrated the coexistence of two or more target mutations in PSC, and the presence of multiple mutations is correlated with higher mortality rates compared to single mutations. This is supported by our case study of a male patient with advanced BUBIB-ALK rearrangement and KRAS G12C missense mutation. There is currently no standard treatment protocol available for patients with this condition. The patient showed rapid progression after 1 month of alectinib treatment and was intolerant to paclitaxel + cisplatin chemotherapy. Following this, successful disease control was achieved with a combination therapy of sintilimab and anlotinib. The patient achieved a progression-free survival (PFS) of over 20 months, and long-term follow-up is still ongoing for the patient. Based on our clinical experience, the combination of anlotinib and programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors may be a promising strategy for PSC patients, particularly those with multi-target mutations who do not respond to ALK-TKI and are resistant to chemotherapy.
Investigation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory potential and ADMET studies of pure compounds isolated from Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth
Authors: Alshehri Osama M. , Zeb Anwar , Mukarram Shah Syed Muhammad , Mahnashi Mater H. , Asiri Saeed Ahmed , Alqahtani Omaish , Sadiq Abdul , Ibrar Muhammad , Alshamrani Saleh , Jan Muhammad Saeed
Published: February 2024

The strong ethnopharmacological utilization of Isodon rugosus Wall. Ex. Benth is evident in the treatment of several types of pain and inflammation, including toothache, earache, abdominal pain, gastric pain, and generalized body pain and inflammation. Based on this background, the antinociceptive effects of the crude extract, various fractions, and essential oil have been reported previously. In this research work, we isolate and characterize pure bioactive compounds from I. rugosus and evaluate possible mechanisms using various in vivo and in vitro models. The pure compounds were analyzed for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities through various assays. The column chromatography of the chloroform fraction of I. rugosus led to the identification of two pure compounds, i.e., 1 and 2. Compound 1 demonstrated notable inhibition (62% writhing inhibition, 72.77% COX-2 inhibition, and 76.97% 5-LOX inhibition) and anti-inflammatory potential (>50% paw edema inhibition at various intervals). The possible mechanism involved in antinociception was considered primarily, a concept that has already been elucidated through the application of naloxone (an antagonist of opioid receptors). The involvement of adrenergic receptors was investigated using a hot plate model (an adrenergic receptor antagonist). The strong ethnomedicinal analgesic background of I. rugosus, supported by previous reports and current observations, leads to the conclusion that I. rugosus is a potential source of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. It may be concluded from the results that the isolated analgesic compounds of I. rugosus may be a possible alternative remedy for pain and inflammation management with admirable efficacy and safety profiles.