bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulium (Nevermannia) khunklangense, a new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: TAKAOKA HIROYUKI , SRISUKA WICHAI , SAEUNG ATIPORN , OTSUKA YASUSHI , CHOOCHOTE WEJ
Published: August 2013

Simulium (Nevermannia) khunklangense sp. nov. is described from females, males, pupae and larvae collected in Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai, Thailand. This new species is placed in the vernum species-group of the subgenus Nevermannia and is similar to S. (N.) chomthongense Takaoka & Srisuka described from Doi Inthanon National Park, Thailand, but is distinguished in the male by the number of enlarged upper-eye facets and the relative width of the hind basitarsus against the hind tibia and femur, and in the pupa by the short common basal stalk of the gill and the cocoon with an anterodorsal bulge or a short anterodorsal projection. Taxonomic notes are provided to separate this new species from five other known species of the vernum species-group, which share an accessory sclerite on the larval abdomen, a rare characteristics in this species-group.
A new species of Notosacantha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Notosacanthini) from southern India
Authors: BOROWIEC LECH , TIRANT STEPHANE LE
Published: August 2013

Notosacantha bertounesquei sp. nov. is described from Kerala state in southern India. This new species belongs to the group of two large species hitherto known only from Sri Lanka. Checklist and key to Notosacantha species of Sri Lanka and southern India are provided.
Reply to “Comments on ‘Preconditioning Deep Convection with Cumulus Congestus’”
Authors: Hohenegger Cathy , Stevens Bjorn
Published: August 2013

In his comment, D. M. Schultz asked for clarification concerning (i) the validity of the results of C. Hohenegger and B. Stevens for the development of convection over the midlatitudes and (ii) the exact meaning and computation of the term “moisture convergence.” This reply aims at clarifying these two aspects.
Probabilistic Models of Maximum Precipitation for Designing Sewerage
Authors: Kotowski Andrzej , Kaźmierczak Bartosz
Published: August 2013

Pluviographic measurement results from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) Wrocław–Strachowice meteorological station from the years 1960–2009 constitute the basis for this paper. While conducting the statistical analysis of precipitation occurrence frequency, the criterion of interval precipitation amounts was assumed in order to isolate the intensive rainfalls from the pluviograms, which made it possible to select a number of the most intensive rainfalls in each year. A total of 514 synthetic rainfall instances were isolated, which were then were arranged according to non-increasing amounts in 16 duration intervals. This was the basis to propose the unification of the development methodology of probabilistic models for maximum precipitation amounts, reliable in the designing and verification of drain flow capacity, especially for low probability of precipitation occurrence. Maximum precipitation models for Wrocław were developed (average annual precipitation H = 590 mm).
The Development and Evolution of Two Atmospheric Rivers in Proximity to Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones in October 2010
Authors: Cordeira Jason M. , Ralph F. Martin , Moore Benjamin J.
Published: August 2013

This study investigates the evolution of two zonally elongated atmospheric rivers (ARs) that produced >200 mm of rainfall over mountainous regions of Northern California in late October 2010. Synoptic-scale analysis and air parcel trajectory analysis indicate that the ARs developed within high-CAPE environments characterized by troposphere-deep ascent as water vapor was transported directly from western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) toward the equatorward entrance region of an intensifying North Pacific jet stream (NPJ). The same ARs were subsequently maintained as water vapor was transported from extratropical and subtropical regions over the central and eastern North Pacific in an environment characterized by quasigeostrophic forcing for ascent and strong frontogenesis along the anticyclonic shear side of an intense and zonally extended NPJ. Although the ARs developed in conjunction with water vapor transported from regions near TCs and in the presence of troposphere-deep ascent, an atmospheric water vapor budget illustrates that decreases in integrated water vapor (IWV) via precipitation are largely offset by the horizontal aggregation of water vapor along the AR corridors via IWV flux convergence in the presence of frontogenesis. The frameworks used for investigations of predecessor rain events ahead of TCs and of interactions between recurving TCs and the NPJ are also utilized to illustrate many dynamically similar processes related to AR development and evolution. Similarities include the following: water vapor transport directly from a TC, troposphere-deep ascent in a high-CAPE environment beneath the equatorward entrance region of an intensifying upper-tropospheric jet streak, interactions between diabatic outflow and an upper-tropospheric jet streak, and strong frontogenesis.
The Impact of Dropwindsonde and Supplemental Rawinsonde Observations on Track Forecasts for Hurricane Irene (2011)
Authors: Majumdar Sharanya J. , Brennan Michael J. , Howard Kate
Published: August 2013

Because of the threat that Hurricane Irene (2011) posed to the United States, supplemental observations were collected for assimilation into operational numerical models in the hope of improving forecasts of the storm. Synoptic surveillance aircraft equipped with dropwindsondes were deployed twice daily over a 5-day period, and supplemental rawinsondes were launched from all upper-air sites in the continental United States east of the Rocky Mountains at 0600 and 1800 UTC, marking an unprecedented magnitude of coverage of special rawinsondes at the time. The impact of assimilating the supplemental observations on National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) model track forecasts of Irene was evaluated over the period that these observations were collected. The GFS track forecasts possessed small errors even in the absence of the supplemental observations, providing little room for improvement on average. The assimilation of the combined dropwindsonde and supplemental rawinsonde data provided small but statistically significant improvements in the 42–60-h range for GFS forecasts initialized at 0600 and 1800 UTC. The primary improvement from the dropwindsonde data was also within this time range, with an average improvement of 20% for 48-h forecasts. The rawinsonde data mostly improved the forecasts beyond 3 days by modest amounts. Both sets of observations provided small, additive improvements to the average cross-track errors. Investigations of individual forecasts identified corrections to the model analyses of the Atlantic subtropical ridge and an upstream midlatitude short-wave trough over the contiguous United States due to the assimilation of the extra data.
Comparison of the Short-Term Oxidative Stress Response in National League Basketball and Soccer Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Perrea Anastasia , Vlachos Ioannis S. , Korou Laskarina-Maria , Doulamis Ilias P. , Exarhopoulou Konstantina , Kypraios George , Kalofoutis Anastasios , Perrea Despina N.
Published: August 2013

Physical exercise is considered protective against oxidative stress-related disorders. However, there is increasing evidence that strenuous activity may induce increased oxidative stress response. This study investigated the impact of vigorous physical activity on serum oxidative stress markers in 36 soccer and 12 basketball National League adolescent athletes 40 minutes before and 15 minutes after a National League game. Serum total peroxide, fibrinogen, polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase, and myeloperoxidase levels were determined. No significant differences in any of the measured parameters were observed before the match. Soccer players exhibited significantly lower total peroxide ( P < .05) and higher PMN elastase concentrations ( P < .05) than that of the basketball athletes after the game. A number of important differences between these 2 sports, such as duration or total aerobic and anaerobic demands, may affect oxidative status. These parameters need to be further examined in order to elucidate the different effects of these 2 sports on postexercise oxidative status.
Relationship Between Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio and Isolated Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Varol Ercan , Bas Hasan Aydin , Aksoy Fatih , Ari Hatem , Ozaydin Mehmet
Published: August 2013

Several studies showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has anti-inflammatory effect. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new biomarker of systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the NLR in healthy participants with low HDL-C. We studied 69 patients with low HDL-C (≤35 mg/dL) and 59 control participants (HDL-C >35 mg/dL) with similar cardiovascular risk factors. Hematological indices were measured in all patients with low HDL-C and control participants. The HDL-C was significantly lower among the patients with low HDL-C than that of the control group (31.7 ± 2.7 vs 50.7 ± 5.0 mg/dL, respectively; P < .001). The NLR was significantly higher among the patients with low HDL-C than that of the control group (2.6 ± 0.8 vs 1.6 ± 0.4, respectively; P < .001). The NLR was negatively correlated with HDL-C ( P < .001, r = −.53). The NLR is significantly elevated in patients with low HDL-C when compared with control participants.
Current Practices Regarding Codeine Administration Among Pediatricians and Pediatric Subspecialists
Authors: Cartabuke Richard S. , Tobias Joseph D. , Taghon Thomas , Rice Julie
Published: August 2013

Pharmacogenomic studies have revealed a wide variation in the metabolism of codeine to its active metabolite, morphine. A particular subset of patients, known as ultrarapid metabolizers, possesses multiple copies of the CYP2D6 gene responsible for codeine metabolism. This has been linked to serious morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients leading to considerable debate regarding the use of codeine for analgesia in the pediatric population. The current study surveyed the current practice of codeine prescription in pediatric health care providers from a single tertiary care pediatric hospital. Of the 298 responders, 43.3% (129 of 298) continue to prescribe codeine for pain management in children. The vast majority of codeine prescribers were primary health care providers (89.1%). Most of the primary care practitioners were in office-based (42.6%) or hospital-based (45.7%) group practices. There was no significant difference in codeine use based on years of experience. Given the risks associated with this practice, increased education targeting this group appears warranted.
Excess Screen Time in US Children
Authors: Gingold Janet A. , Simon Alan E. , Schoendorf Kenneth C.
Published: August 2013

We describe the association of screen time in excess of American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations (≤2 h/d) with family television-use policies and regular nonscreen activities among US school-aged children. Data from the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health were used. The sum of minutes spent on television, videos, video games, and recreational computer use was calculated for children 6 to 17 years old. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate relative odds of exceeding American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines and of heavy screen use (>4 h/d) for varying family media-use policies and frequency of alternative activities (physical activity and family meals). In all, 49% of school-aged children had screen time >2 h/d and 16% had screen time >4 h/d. Lower frequency of family meals, presence of TV in the bedroom, absence of rules about TV viewing, and less physical activity were associated with both >2 and >4 hours per day of screen time.
The clinical management of diabetic foot in the elderly and medico-legal implications
Authors: Terranova Claudio , Bruttocao Andrea
Published: August 2013

Diabetic foot is a complex and challenging pathological state, characterized by high complexity of management, morbidity and mortality. The elderly present peculiar problems which interfere on one hand with the patient's compliance and on the other with their diagnostic-therapeutic management. Difficult clinical management may result in medico-legal problems, with criminal and civil consequences. In this context, the authors present a review of the literature, analysing aspects concerning the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot in the elderly which may turn out to be a source of professional responsibility. Analysis of these aspects provides an opportunity to discuss elements important not only for clinicians and medical workers but also experts (judges, lawyers, medico-legal experts) who must evaluate hypotheses of professional responsibility concerning diabetic foot in the elderly.
School Bonding, Peer Associations, and Self-Views
Authors: Liu Ruth X.
Published: August 2013

This study assesses the effects of attachment to paternal grandparents on Chinese adolescent adjustment in the domains of school bonding, peer associations, and self-views, and whether such effects may differ for adolescent boys and girls. Drawing on survey responses of 2,117 middle school students from Fuzhou City, China, regression analyses yield results quite consistent with the hypotheses. Chinese adolescents who indicate that they are close to their paternal grandparents tend to report higher levels of bonding to school, association with achievement-oriented peers, and more positive self-evaluation, and these effects are independent of adolescent closeness with their parents and other putative common correlates. Furthermore, attachment to paternal grandparents exerts stronger effects on adolescent boys than girls, especially in the domains of school bonding and peer associations. These results are discussed in light of attachment theory, grandparent support in Chinese setting, and policy implications.
Developing a Tourism Innovation Typology
Authors: Brooker Ed , Joppe Marion
Published: August 2013

Innovation has become a buzzword, regularly cited to convey any improvement made, regardless of the extent of newness. Tourism innovation has historically been viewed as either incremental or radical, a binary developed within manufacturing. However, given that incremental improvements are the norm in the tourism sector and that radical innovation is an abnormality, the binary is not representative of tourism innovation. We suggest a three-level typology, based on field research in Europe and Australia, and informed by Rogers’s innovation diffusion model; the concept of liminality and its role in the search for tacit knowledge through weak network ties; and the need to ask ultimate (why) rather than proximate (what, how) questions. Since the term innovation is overused, we introduce three alternate concepts: the “artist,” who is comparable to the innovator; the “artisan,” who represents early innovation adopters; and the “painter,” who epitomizes the early and late majority.
Effect of building envelope on thermal environmental conditions of a naturally ventilated building block in tropical climate
Authors: Dhaka Shivraj , Mathur Jyotirmay , Garg Vishal
Published: August 2013

This article presents the effect of envelope measures on thermal environmental conditions of a naturally ventilated building block in composite climate of India. Envelope measures such as roof U-value, wall U-value, glass U-value and glass solar heat gain coefficient, roof reflectance and two combinations of these measures (total seven cases) are analysed as recommended by National Energy Conservation Building Code-India (ECBC) through prescriptive route. Subject building is modelled and simulated using dynamic thermal simulation tool. Two approaches of thermal comfort have been used in this study such as heat balance model based on laboratory study and adaptive model of thermal comfort based on field findings. Thermal environmental conditions are evaluated based on operative temperature with and without considering the effect of thermal adaptation. This study found that comfortable temperature varies from 20.3℃ to 31.5℃ based on calculation of comfortable temperature through comfort temperature equation during winter to summer season in warm climatic conditions. This study concludes that envelope with ECBC specifications offer 60% hours under comfort state which were not comfortable with conventional practiced envelope specifications of India. The same methodology is also used to investigate the effect of ECBC envelope specifications in other climatic conditions such as hot and dry, and warm and humid climate of India.

Practical applications: The thermal performance of building envelope varies from climate to climate therefore care should be taken to choose particular envelope measure. This study aims to improve comfort conditions in naturally ventilated building block considering building code with/without thermal adaptation. This research would be helpful to architects, engineers and building constructors to choose the most effective or climate responsive envelope option for better thermal environment quality of the proposed building design. Use of thermal simulation tool is also recommended to examine the effect of envelope options on thermal comfort.
Effect of balconies and upper–lower vents on ventilation and indoor air quality in a wind-induced, naturally ventilated building
Authors: Cui DJ , Mak CM , Niu JL
Published: August 2013

Balconies are green features commonly used in residential buildings to improve natural ventilation and air quality. Small vents, if mounted with an acoustic silencer, can reduce noise penetration while still allowing natural ventilation to occur. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics method is used to investigate numerically the effect of balconies with small upper and lower vents on the ventilation and air quality of the 4th, 5th and 6th floors of a 10-storey building. The results show that balconies can significantly increase the natural ventilation on these floors and generally have a more positive effect on the improvement of natural ventilation and the reduction in pollutant concentration on the floor on which they are located rather than on the levels above or below.

Practical application: This study will help designers and engineers understand more about the effect of balconies and lower and upper vents on natural ventilation and indoor air quality in buildings. This study will also help them to incorporate with confidence the design of balconies with lower and upper vents.
Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy in the Management of T3 Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Mercante Giuseppe , Grammatica Alberto , Battaglia Paolo , Cristalli Giovanni , Pellini Raul , Spriano Giuseppe
Published: August 2013

Objective

To evaluate the oncologic results only in T3 glottic and supraglottic cancers regarding supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) not requiring total laryngectomy and to assess functional results by self‐evaluation by the patient.

Study Design

Case series with medical record review.

Setting

Single tertiary care center.

Subjects and Methods

Thirty‐two patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, previously untreated, who underwent SCPL with cricohyoidopexy or cricohyoidoepiglottopexy were reviewed.

Results

At 1, 3, and 5 years, the disease‐free survival rates were 96.9%, 89.4%, and 78.2%; overall survival rates were 96.9%, 93.2%, and 87.3%; local control and locoregional control rates were 100%, 96.2%, and 96.2%; and distant metastasis–free survival rates were 100%, 100%, and 88.2%, respectively. Aspiration pneumonia was the most common complication observed. The 3 laryngeal functions (speech, swallowing, and breathing) were spared in 83.9% of patients.

Conclusion

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy for selected glottic and supraglottic T3 tumors has excellent oncologic and functional results.
Risk Factors for Unplanned Hospital Readmission in Otolaryngology Patients
Authors: Graboyes Evan M. , Liou Tzyy‐Nong , Kallogjeri Dorina , Nussenbaum Brian , Diaz Jason A.
Published: August 2013

Objective

Identify the risk factors that predict 30‐day unplanned readmission in hospitalized otolaryngology patients.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single academic hospital.

Subjects and Methods

All otolaryngology admissions for the 1‐year period between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2011, at an academic hospital were reviewed. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression, employing a backward elimination stepwise approach, were performed to identify risk factors for unplanned readmission to the hospital within 30 days of discharge from the otolaryngology service.

Results

There were 1058 patients that accounted for 1271 hospital admissions. The 30‐day unplanned readmission rate for patients discharged from the otolaryngology service was 7.3% (93/1271). Significant predictors identified on univariate analysis were used to build a multivariable logistic regression model of risk factors for unplanned readmission. These risk factors included presence of a complication (odds ratio [OR] = 11.60, 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.11‐18.93), new total laryngectomy (OR = 4.72, 95% CI, 1.58‐14.10), discharge destination of skilled nursing facility (OR = 2.70, 95% CI, 1.21‐6.02), severe coronary artery disease or chronic lung disease (OR = 2.33, 95% CI, 1.38‐3.93), and current illicit drug use (OR = 2.60, 95% CI, 1.27‐5.34). The discriminative ability of the multivariate regression model to predict unplanned readmissions, as measured by the c‐statistic, was 0.85.

Conclusion

Otolaryngology patients have unique risk factors that predict unplanned readmission within 30 days of discharge. These data identify specific patient characteristics and care processes that can be targeted with quality improvement interventions to decrease unplanned readmissions.
Where next for neighbourhood regeneration in England? Two years on
Authors: Broughton Kevin , Berkeley Nigel , Jarvis David
Published: August 2013

This article updates previous research published in Local Economy in 2011 that examined the changing context of neighbourhood regeneration policy and practice in the first year of the UK Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition Government. At that juncture, based on early signs of political and policy direction, we set out what the policy and practice landscape might ‘look like’ for neighbourhood regeneration organisations over the next few years, given that the emerging policy framework appeared barren. For this new article, we reappraise our previous propositions by exploring where neighbourhood regeneration appears to be heading in 2013, identifying new challenges and opportunities along the way. The article does this by examining the impact that current government policy is now having ‘on the ground’ for those neighbourhood regeneration organisations trying to survive. Primarily, it centres on the changing relationships between these organisations and the local and central state, local communities and the third sector, with a particular focus on Neighbourhood Planning. Informed by this review, some examples of good practice are highlighted which might assist similar organisations to navigate this period of fiscal austerity. The article concludes that neighbourhood regeneration is certainly not dead, but only forward-thinking and inventive neighbourhood regeneration organisations and communities are likely to successfully navigate the policy landscape they now face.
A prospective study of prevalence and characterization of headache following mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lucas Sylvia , Hoffman Jeanne M , Bell Kathleen R , Dikmen Sureyya
Published: August 2013

Background

Headache is one of the most common and persistent symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The current study examines the prevalence and characteristics of headache following mild TBI (mTBI).

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 212 subjects within one week of mTBI who were hospitalized for observation or other system injuries in a single level 1 US trauma center and followed by telephone at three, six, and 12 months after injury for evaluation of headache. Headaches were classified according to ICHD-2 criteria as migraine, probable migraine, tension-type, cervicogenic, or unclassifiable headache.

Results

Subjects were 76% male and 75% white, and 58% were injured in vehicle-related crashes. A follow-up rate of 90% (190/212) occurred at 12 months post-injury. Eighteen percent (38/212) of subjects reported having a problem with headaches pre-injury while 54% (114/210) of subjects reported new or worse headaches compared to pre-injury immediately after injury, 62% (126/203) at three months, 69% (139/201) at six months, and 58% (109/189) at one year. Cumulative incidence was 91% (172/189) over one year. Up to 49% of headaches met criteria for migraine and probable migraine, followed by tension-type headaches (up to 40%). Age (≤ 60) was found to be a risk factor, but no significant difference was found in persistence of new or worse headache compared to pre-injury between males and females. More than one-third of the subjects reported persistent headache across all three follow-up time periods.

Conclusions

Headache after mTBI is very common and persistent across the first year after injury. Assertive, early treatment may be warranted to avoid chronicity and disability. Further research is needed to determine whether post-traumatic headache (PTH) responds to headache treatment used in the primary headache disorders and whether chronic PTH is preventable.
Triptans and serious adverse vascular events: Data mining of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Roberto Giuseppe , Piccinni Carlo , D’Alessandro Roberto , Poluzzi Elisabetta
Published: August 2013

Aim

The aim of this article is to investigate the vascular safety profile of triptans through an analysis of the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FDA_AERS) database with a special focus on serious and unexpected adverse events.

Methods

A case/non-case analysis was performed on the reports entered in the FDA_AERS from 2004 to 2010: Cases were reports with at least one event included in the MedDRA system organ classes ‘Cardiac disorder’ or ‘Vascular disorders’, whereas non-cases were all the remaining reports. Co-reported cardiovascular drugs were used as a proxy of cardiovascular risk and the adjusted reporting odds ratio (adj.ROR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was calculated. Disproportionality signals were defined as adj.ROR value >1. Adverse events were considered unexpected if not mentioned on the relevant label.

Results

Among 2,131,688 reports, 7808 concerned triptans. Cases were 2593 among triptans and 665,940 for all other drugs. Unexpected disproportionality signals were found in the following high-level terms of the MedDRA hierarchy: ‘Cerebrovascular and spinal necrosis and vascular insufficiency’ (103 triptan cases), ‘Aneurysms and dissections non-site specific’ (15), ‘Pregnancy-associated hypertension’ (10), ‘Reproductive system necrosis and vascular insufficiency’ (3).

Discussion

Our analysis revealed three main groups of unexpected associations between triptans and serious vascular events: ischaemic cerebrovascular events, aneurysms and artery dissections, and pregnancy-related vascular events. A case-by-case assessment is needed to confirm or disprove their plausibility and large-scale analytical studies should be planned for risk rate estimation. In the meantime, clinicians should pay special attention to migraine diagnosis and vascular risk assessment before prescribing a triptan, also promptly reporting any unexpected event to pharmacovigilance systems.
A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Double- and Single-Bundle Techniques for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ahldén Mattias , Sernert Ninni , Karlsson Jón , Kartus Jüri
Published: August 2013

Background:

The aim of the study was to compare the results after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using either the double-bundle or single-bundle technique with hamstring tendon autografts in an unselected group of patients.

Hypothesis:

Double-bundle ACL reconstruction will render a better outcome on the pivot-shift test.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A randomized series of 103 patients (33 women, 70 men; median age, 27 years; range, 18-52 years) with a unilateral ACL rupture underwent anatomic ACL reconstruction. The double-bundle technique was used in 53 patients, and the single-bundle technique was used in 50 patients. The ACL footprint was visualized, and the femoral tunnel was drilled through the anteromedial portal; interference screw fixation was used at both ends. The patients were examined preoperatively and at a median of 26 months (range, 22-42 months) after the reconstruction by a blinded observer. The primary variable was the pivot-shift test.

Results:

At 2-year follow-up, 98 patients (93%) were examined. Clinical assessments at follow-up revealed no significant differences between the double-bundle and single-bundle groups in terms of the pivot-shift test, KT-1000 arthrometer laxity measurements, manual Lachman test, range of motion, Lysholm knee scoring scale, Tegner activity scale, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score (KOOS), 1-legged hop test, and square hop test. A significant improvement was seen in both groups compared with the preoperative values in terms of most clinical assessments.

Conclusion:

In this prospective randomized study, the primary variable, the pivot-shift test, and other subjective and objective outcome variables revealed no significant differences between the double-bundle and single-bundle techniques at 2 years after ACL reconstruction in an unselected group of patients.
Comparison of Predictive Equations and Measured Resting Energy Expenditure Among Obese Youth Attending a Pediatric Healthy Weight Clinic
Authors: Henes Sarah T. , Cummings Doyle M. , Hickner Robert C. , Houmard Joseph A. , Kolasa Kathryn M. , Lazorick Suzanne , Collier David N.
Published: August 2013

Background: The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends the use of indirect calorimetry for calculating caloric targets for weight loss in obese youth. Practitioners typically use predictive equations since indirect calorimetry is often not available. The objective of this study was to compare measured resting energy expenditure (MREE) with that estimated using published predictive equations in obese pediatric patients. Material and Methods: Youth aged 7 to 18 years (n = 80) who were referred to a university‐based healthy weight clinic and who were greater than the 95th percentile BMI for age and gender participated. MREE was measured via a portable indirect calorimeter. Predicted energy expenditure (pEE) was estimated using published equations including those commonly used in children. pEE was compared to the MREE for each subject. Absolute mean difference between MREE and pEE, mean percentage accuracy, and mean error were determined. Results: Mean percentage accuracy of pEE compared with MREE varied widely, with the Harris‐Benedict, Lazzer, and Molnar equations providing the greatest accuracy (65%, 61%, and 60%, respectively). Mean differences between MREE and equation‐estimated caloric targets varied from 197.9 kcal/day to 307.7 kcal/day. Conclusions: The potential to either overestimate or underestimate calorie needs in the clinical setting is significant when comparing EE derived from predictive equations with that measured using portable indirect calorimetry. While our findings suggest that the Harris‐Benedict equation has improved accuracy relative to other equations in severely obese youth, the potential for error remains sufficiently great to suggest that indirect calorimetry is preferred.
Predicting Commitment in Young Adults’ Physically Aggressive and Sexually Coercive Dating Relationships
Authors: Young Brennan J. , Furman Wyndol
Published: August 2013

Intimate partner violence often begins during the courtship stage of romantic relationships. Although some relationships dissolve as a result of aggression, other relationships remain intact, increasing the risk for escalated violence. The present study identified factors predictive of individual differences in emerging adults’ commitment to physically aggressive or sexually coercive dating relationships. Specifically, Rusbult’s Investment Model of romantic relationships (e.g., investment, satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and commitment) was applied to a longitudinal sample of 148 young adult women who reported experiencing aggression or coercion from their current partners. To further explain commitment within aggressive or coercive dating relationships, rejection sensitivity and anxious and avoidant romantic relational styles were included as predictors of the Investment Model variables. A more avoidant romantic style indirectly predicted commitment through relationship satisfaction and investment. Both commitment and rejection sensitivity significantly predicted continuing an aggressive or coercive relationship 6 months later. The present study improves our understanding of the processes involved in relationship commitment. Continuing to understand these processes will inform interventions that seek to help women who have decided to end aggressive or coercive dating relationships.
Health Care Utilization Among Homebound Elders
Authors: Reckrey Jennifer M. , DeCherrie Linda V. , Kelley Amy S. , Ornstein Katherine
Published: August 2013

Objectives:To describe informal caregiver and patient characteristics associated with high caregiver burden in homebound elders and to examine associations between high caregiver burden and patient health care utilization at the practice level. Method: We used a cross-sectional and prospective cohort design to study 214 caregiver-patient dyads in a home-based primary care program. Results: Informal caregivers with the highest burden were more likely to help with more activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living and spend >40 hr/week in caregiving. Patients whose caregivers experienced the highest burden were more likely to be non-White males without 24-hr paid homecare. There were no significant independent associations between high burden and high calls, high visits, or social work involvement. Discussion: In this medically complex and highly dependent population, further study of how families and other caregivers impact health care utilization is needed.
Dynamic separation minima coupled with wake vortex predictions in dependent runway configurations
Authors: Rad T , Schönhals S , Hecker P
Published: August 2013

Wake vortices are an issue affecting both capacity and safety of air traffic and therefore need to be dealt with by appropriate measures and procedures. Today, the only means to prevent wake vortex encounters is procedural separation which however is statical and in many cases conservative. The concept of dynamic separations using wake vortex predictions aims at optimising the separation between consecutive aircraft based on the knowledge of the actual position and strength of the wake vortices. A concept for approach procedures has been developed that involves dynamical calculation of minimum safe distance, adaption of follower aircraft speed and the corresponding approach types. The concept, its implementation and simulation test results will be presented and it will be discussed how it can be applied to contribute to an optimised use of available capacity while maintaining and improving the safety level.
Optimal preliminary design of electromechanical actuators
Authors: Budinger Marc , Reysset Aurélien , Halabi Toufic El , Vasiliu Catalin , Maré Jean-Charles
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a methodology for the optimal preliminary design of electro-mechanical actuators. The main design drivers, design parameters and degrees of freedom that can be used for preliminary design and optimization of electro mechanical actuator are described. The different types of models used for model-based design (estimation, simulation, evaluation and meta-model), and their associations are presented. The process preferred for its effectiveness in terms of flexibility, and computational time is then described and illustrated with the example of a spoiler electromechanical actuator. The proposed approach, based on meta-models obtained using the surfaces response methods and scaling laws models, is used to explore the influence of anchorage points and transmission ratio on the different design constraints and the overall mass of the actuator.
The ultrasound elastography inverse problem and the effective criteria
Authors: Aghajani Atefeh , Haghpanahi Mohammad , Nikazad Touraj
Published: August 2013

The elastography (elasticity imaging) is one of the recent state-of-the-art methods for diagnosis of abnormalities in soft tissue. The idea is based on the computation of the tissue elasticity distribution. This leads to the inverse elasticity problem; in that, displacement field and boundary conditions are known, and elasticity distribution of the tissue is aimed for computation. We treat this problem by the Gauss–Newton method. This iterative method results in an ill-posed problem, and therefore, regularization schemes are required to deal with this issue. The impacts of the initial guess for tissue elasticity distribution, contrast ratio between elastic modulus of tumor and normal tissue, and noise level of the input data on the estimated solutions are investigated via two different regularization methods. The numerical results show that the accuracy and speed of convergence vary when different regularization methods are applied. Also, the semi-convergence behavior has been observed and discussed. At the end, we signify the necessity of a clever initial guess and intelligent stopping criteria for the iterations. The main purpose here is to highlight some technical factors that have an influence on elasticity image quality and diagnostic accuracy, and we have tried our best to make this article accessible for a broad audience.
The impact of comprehensive prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, 2005–2010: a hard-hit area by HIV in Southern China
Authors: Shan Duo , Sun Jiangping , Khoshnood Kaveh , Fu Jeannia , Duan Song , Jiang Chengqin , Zhang Yan , Bulterys Marc , Guo Haoyan , Sante Michael , Liu Hui , Hu Yiyun
Published: August 2013

The burden of HIV/AIDS in China has been disproportionately concentrated in Yunnan Province, where in Dehong prefecture, the HIV prevalence rate among pregnant women reached 1.3% in 2003, a rate that is indicative of a generalized epidemic. Since then, there have been extensive efforts to expand prevention to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in this high-prevalence region. These intensified MTCT reduction efforts and their impact on MTCT are yet to be examined. We described the changes in access to HIV screening and antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant women from 2005 to 2010 in this region and the corresponding reduction in MTCT over this period. Between 2005 and 2010, the annual number of pregnant women screened for HIV in Dehong Prefecture more than doubled. The proportion of pregnant women screened for HIV rose from an estimated 15–20% to 99.8%, and the proportion of HIV-infected pregnant women receiving ART increased from 63% to 99%. We estimate that the proportion of children born with HIV to HIV-infected mothers decreased from 15.4% to 7.2% over this period. Sustained low-level MTCT following comprehensive interventions in this region is encouraging. Over the last decade, comprehensive PMTCT efforts, coupled with national and local government policy support in this area appear to be effective.
Photographic Air Reconnaissance during the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939: Doctrine and Operations
Authors: Bonilla Diego Navarro , Cano Guillermo Vicente
Published: August 2013

The doctrine and real use of aerial photography in Spain during the Spanish Civil War are studied. Both the Republican and rebel air forces developed their observation, reconnaissance, and aerial photography capacities, resources, and structures, which were generally grouped around the second sections of the air general staff. The successful operational and tactical exploitation of this special information provided to land forces is also examined. Finally, the ways of gathering, processing, analysing, and producing photographic intelligence are identified as decisive elements in the high command’s modern decision-making process.
A Psychometric Evaluation of Schein’s (1985) Career Orientations Inventory
Authors: Leong Frederick T. L. , Rosenberg Stanley D. , Chong SinHui
Published: August 2013

Since its introduction, Schein’s Career Orientations Inventory (COI) has been widely used to assess and advise individuals who are making both initial and specialty career choices. Employed by both practitioners and researchers, the COI was designed to identify the person’s “career anchors,” also known as their career identities. Individuals are expected to have the highest job satisfaction and performance when their job specialization matches their career anchors. However, little published research has evaluated the psychometric properties of the COI. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis, calculated the subscale reliabilities, and correlated the career anchors with Holland’s career interests to examine its convergent and discriminant validities. In this article, we report on the psychometric properties of the COI based on our sample of 165 midcareer college graduates and make several suggestions on the use and interpretation of the COI.
Singular spectrum analysis and continuous hidden Markov model for rolling element bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Liu Tao , Chen Jin , Dong Guangming
Published: August 2013

Rolling element bearings are vital components in rotating machines, and it is important to diagnose bearing faults to avoid serious accidents in equipment. In this paper, singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is utilized to extract the bearing fault features. SSA is a non-parametric technique of time series analysis which decomposes the acquired vibration signals into an additive set of time series. Based on the selected singular features from SSA, a continuous hidden Markov model (CHMM) is introduced to diagnose the bearing fault. The detailed description and identification results of applying the proposed method to rolling element bearing fault diagnosis are shown in experiment 1. In experiment 2, a rolling element bearing accelerated life test is performed to simulate the performance variation of the bearing. The result demonstrates that the singular features and CHMM can reflect the performance degradation of the bearing from health to failure. A conclusion can be made that SSA and CHMM are feasible and effective in bearing fault diagnosis and performance assessment.
Linear and nonlinear dynamics of suspended cable considering bending stiffness
Authors: Kang Hou Jun , Zhao Yue Yu , Zhu Hai Ping
Published: August 2013

This paper reports a systematic investigation on the linear and nonlinear dynamics of a suspended cable, taking bending stiffness into account. Firstly, the linear dynamics features, for example, eigen frequencies and modes for in-plane and out-of-plane motions, are formulated. Secondly, parametrical studies are conducted to explore the effect of bending stiffness on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the symmetrical/antisymmetrical in-plane and out-of-plane modes. Then, the three-to-one internal resonance between the first- and third-order in-plane symmetrical modes is analyzed by applying directly the method of multiple scales dealing with the nonlinear partial differential equation and boundary conditions. Finally, the frequency-response curves and force-response curves are obtained through solving the modulation equations using the Newton–Raphson method and the pseudo-arclength scheme. The results show that the bending stiffness plays a considerable role in changing the natural frequencies and mode shapes, shifting the conditions for the occurring of nonlinear interaction, saddle-node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation of suspended cables.
Self-Determination Theory and Romantic Relationship Processes
Authors: Knee C. Raymond , Hadden Benjamin W. , Porter Ben , Rodriguez Lindsey M.
Published: August 2013

Self-determination theory can be viewed as a theory of optimal relationship development and functioning. We examine the concept of self that is employed in self-determination theory and explain how its unique definition allows an important and novel characterization of investing one’s “self” in romantic relationships. A self-determined perspective on romantic relationships integrates several theories on romantic relationship development, but also goes beyond them by explicitly articulating the personality, developmental, and situational factors that facilitate optimal self-investment and relational functioning. Self-determination promotes openness rather than defensiveness and facilitates perspective-taking, authenticity, and support of close others. The dyadic context of romantic relationships affords great opportunity for theoretical development and integration of self-determination theory with current theories of interdependence and relational well-being.
Teaching games and sport for understanding
Authors: Stolz Steven , Pill Shane
Published: August 2013

Over 30 years ago the original teaching games for understanding (TGfU) proposition was published in a special edition of the Bulletin of Physical Education (Bunker and Thorpe, 1982). In that time TGfU has attracted significant attention from a theoretical and pedagogical perspective as an improved approach to games and sport teaching in physical education (PE). It has been particularly championed as a superior alternative to what Kirk (2010) and Metzler (2011) described as a traditional method. Recently, however, one of the TGfU authors suggested that the TGfU premise needs to be revisited in order to explore and rethink its relevance so that pedagogy in PE again becomes a central and practical issue for PE (Almond, 2010), as it has not been as well accepted by PE teachers as it has by academics. In order to review and revisit TGfU and consider its relevance to games and sport teaching in PE this paper outlines two areas of the TGfU proposition: (1) the basis for the conceptualisation of TGfU; (2) advocacy of TGfU as nuanced versions. The empirical-scientific research surrounding TGfU and student learning in PE contexts is reviewed and analysed. This comprehensive review has not been undertaken before. The data-driven research will facilitate a consideration as to how TGfU practically assists the physical educator improve games and sport teaching. The review of the research literature highlighted the inconclusive nature of the TGfU proposition and brought to attention the disparity between researcher as theory generator and teacher practitioner as theory applier. If TGfU is to have improved relevance for teachers of PE more of an emphasis needs to be placed on the normative characteristics of pedagogy that drive this practice within curricula.