bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Aquaponic Systems to Reduce Ammonia in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Culture
Authors: Hidayah Muh. Wahyu , Mangitung Septina F. , Rusaini
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan sistem akuaponik yang menggunakan jumlah rumpun tanaman kangkung (Ipomea aquatica) berbeda dalam menyerap amonia pada budidaya ikan nila (Orechromis niloticus). Penelitian ini menggunakan didesain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yaitu Perlakuan A (tanpa kangkung), B (3 rumpun kangkung), C (6 rumpun kangkung), D (9 rumpun kangkung) dan E (12 rumpun kangkung). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 60 hari pada bulan November-Desember 2018 bertempat di Laboratorium Reproduksi Ikan, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan jumlah rumpun kangkung yang berbeda pada sistem akuaponik berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap reduksi konsentrasi amonia dan nitrit, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap penurunan konsentrasi nitrat dalam media pemeliharaan dan pertumbuhan mutlak ikan nila. Konsentrasi reduksi amonia dan nitrit tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 12 rumpun kangkung, masing-masing sebesar 84,31% dan 69,88%.
Analysis of Cattle and Coconut Integration Business (Cocos nucifera) in Dampelas District, Donggala Regency
Authors: Susiana Neni , Syukur Suharno H.
Published: August 2022

Pola integrasi ternak-kelapa dicirikan oleh adanya keterkaitan yang erat antara komponen tanaman dan ternak dalam suatu kegiatan usaha tani atau dalam suatu wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pendapatan peternak dan kelayakan usaha integrasi sapi dengan perkebunan kelapa di kecamatan Dampelas, Kabupaten Donggala. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Dampelas Kabupaten Donggala. Tempat penelitian dipilih secara sengaja (purposive) dengan pertimbangan bahwa di wilayah ini banyak petani yang menerapkan pola usaha integrasi sapi dengan tanaman kelapa (Cocos nucifera). Penelitian ini telah berlangsung  pada bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2019. Berdasarkan analisis usaha integrasi sapi-kelapa (Cocos Nucifera) di Kecamatan Balaesang, Kabupaten Donggala, total penjualan kelapa sebesar Rp. 24.178.826/tahun dan total penjualan ternak sapi seabesar Rp. 61.837.745/tahun jadi total keseluruhan pendapatan yaitu Rp. 86.016.571/tahun. R/C usaha perkebunan kelapa yaitu 8,67 dan R/C pada usaha ternak sapi sebesar 105,56 layak untuk di kembangkan.
Biomass and Nutritional Content of Silk Worms (Tubifex sp.) on The Substrate of Germented Chicken Manure
Authors: Anita Putri , Widiastuti Irawati Mei
Published: August 2022

Cacing sutera (Tubifex sp.) merupakan pakan alami yang banyak dimanfaatkan pada kegiatan pembenihan larva dan benih ikan di industri budidaya perikanan. penggunaan cacing sutera yang masih didominasi dari hasil tangkap di alam, mengakibatkan penurunan produksi di alam sedangkan permintaan kebutuhan akan cacing sutera cukup tinggi. Salah satu upaya untuk memenuhi ketersediaan cacing sutera sebagai pakan alami untuk proses budidaya maka dilakukan kultur cacing sutera. Keberhasilan kultur cacing sutera ditentukan oleh media kultur yang mengandung bahan organik dan non organik seperti kotoran ayam fermentasi, bekatul dan ampas tahu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan substrat dengan penambahan kotoran ayam fermentasi terhadap pertumbuhan biomassa dan kandungan nutrsi cacing sutera (Tubifex sp). Penelitian ini didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dosis kotoran ayam fermentasi (A : 40 g; B : 50 g; C : 60 g; D : 70 g), masing-masing diulang 5 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertumbuhan biomassa dan kandungan nutrisi yang tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan dengan jumlah substrat 50 g kotoran ayam fermentasi (12,28±8,81 g).
The Utilization of Expired Instant Noodles as a Subtitute for Milled Corn in Concentrate of Weight Gain and Physiological Status of Goat
Authors: Wulan Sri , Nirwana  , Zainal
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian mie instan kadaluarsa sebagai pengganti jagung giling terhadap pertambahan bobot badan dan status faali kambing kacang. Ternak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 15 ekor kambing lokal betina umur ±10 bulan dengan kisaran bobot badan antara 9,92-19,25 kg. Rancangan lingkungan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sebagai kelompok. Adapun perlakuan yang cobakan yaitu P1 = Mie instan mengganti jagung giling sebesar 100% dalam susunan konsentrat; P2 = Mie instan mengganti jagung giling sebesar 75% dalam susunan konsentrat; P3 = Mie instan mengganti jagung giling sebesar 50% dalam susunan konsentrat; P4 = Mie instan mengganti jagung giling sebesar 25% dalam susunan konsentrat dan P5 = Mie instan mengganti jagung giling sebesar 0% dalam susunan konsentrat. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa penggantian jagung giling dengan limbah mie instan kadaluarsa sampai 100% dalam konsentrat tidak memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi bahan kering, efisiensi penggunaan ransum, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi, dan frekuensi pulsus kambing Kacang.
Masculinization of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Through Coconut Water Immersion with Different Concentrations
Authors: Cahyani Regita , Serdiati Novalina , Tis'in Musayyadah , Putra Aswad Eka
Published: August 2022

Pertumbuhan ikan nila jantan cenderung lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan ikan nila betina. Salah satu upaya untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan ikan nila yaitu dengan sex reversal. Sex reversal melalui maskulinisasi memungkinkan ikan betina berdiferensiasi menjadi ikan jantan. Air kelapa mengandung kalium (312 mg/100 g) berfungsi sebagai alternatif bahan alami pengganti hormon sintetis 17α- Methyltestosterone. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi air kelapa yang berbeda terhadap persentase kelamin jantan ikan nila yang dihasilkan melalui perendaman. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan yaitu Perlakuan A (kontrol), B (konsentrasi air kelapa 25%), C (konsentrasi air kelapa 35%) dan D (konsentrasi air kelapa 45%). Data dianalisis ragam (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perendaman larva ikan nila dalam air kelapa berpengaruh nyata (α<0,05) terhadap persentase kelamin jantan denga persentase tertinggi pada konsentrasi 35% (86,87%).
Development of Beat Cattle Farming Business in Palu City Post-Eearthquake
Authors: Mujayin Yudi , Maksum Haerani , Afandi  , Septiani Tia
Published: August 2022

Bencana alam gempa bumi merupakan getaran pada permukaan bumi karena adanya pelepasan energi secara tiba- tiba dari pusat gempa di dalam bumi. Energi yang dilepaskan tersebut merambat melalui tanah dalam bentuk getaran. Hal ini merupakan pergerakan tanah alami yang disebabkan oleh fenomena yang beragam, temasuk proses tektonik, vulkanisme/gunung api, dan ledakan, serta runtuhan. Gempa bumi dengan kekuatan 7,4 SR yang mengguncang wilayah Kota Palu (Sulawesi Tengah) mengakibatkan tsunami yang menerjang Pantai Talise juga likuifaksi di Petobo dan Balaroa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Perkembangan Usaha Peternakan Sapi Potong Di Kota Palu Pasca Gempa. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2019. Penentuan lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive sampling). Penelitian ini dilakukan di kota Palu, di kecamtan Tawaeli, kecamtan Mantikolure, kecamtan Palu Selatan. Metode penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 responden, jumlah sampel tiap kecamatan,yaitu 47 (Tawaeli), 39 (Mantikolure), 14 (Palu Selatan) Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Model analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif yang menggambarkan situasi atau kejadian serta membuat deskripsi, gambaran atau lukisan secara polaatis, factual,dan akurat mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-sifat serta hubungan antar fenomena yang diselidiki oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perkembangan usaha peternakan sapi potong di kota Palu mengalami kerugian yang cukup besar.
Comparative Superiority of Goats in Palu City
Authors: Mashudie Ritha Rahayu , Mujayin Yudi , Maulita Miftahul
Published: August 2022

Ternak kambing merupakan salah satu ternak ruminansia yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di Kota Palu. Hal ini karena ternak kambing memiliki populasi terbesar dan tersebar hampir diseluruh kecamatan di Kota Palu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keunggulan komparatif ternak kambing terhadap ternak ruminansia lain di Kota Palu. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Kota Palu Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah pada bulan Agustus 2020. Objek penelitian adalah data populasi ternak ruminansia. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yakni data runut waktu (time series) selama 15 tahun terakhir (2005 – 2019). Data tersebut bersumber dari beberapa instansi terkait antara lain: Dinas Perkebunan dan Peternakan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, dan Dinas Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Kota Palu. Variabel yang diamati adalah jumlah populasi ternak ruminansia. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah (1) Location Quotient (LQ), (2) Growth Share. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa komoditas ternak kambing di Kota Palu merupakan sektor basis dimana yang menjadi konsentrasi wilayah terdapat di kecamatan Ulujadi, diikuti oleh kecamatan Tatanga, Palu Barat, Tawaeli dan Palu Utara yang artinya sektor basis tersebut mampu memenuhi kebutuhan daerahnya sendiri maupun mensuplai ke daerah yang lain di sulawesi tengah. Selain itu ternak kambing merupakan komoditas unggulan yang mana klasifikasi sektor unggulan menunjukkan bahwa komoditas tersebut memiliki pertumbuhan yang cukup tinggi (+) dan kontribusi yang diberikan cukup besar (+).
PO Cattle Population Dynamics In Sigi
Authors: Malewa Amirudin Dg. , Mu'min Nur Al
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika populasi Sapi PO di Kabupaten Sigi.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode survey. Data penelitian diperoleh dari 90 responden yang memelihara Sapi PO di Kecamatan Dolo Induk, Kecamatan Dolo Barat dan Kecamatan Marawola dengan sampel 578 ekor. Teknik  pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu metode pruposive sampling pada kecamatan dan metode random sampling pada desa dan peternak di Kabupaten Sigi dimana setiap anggota populasi mempunyai kesempatan yang sama untuk dimasukkan sebagai sampel. Variabel yang dihitung dalam penelitian ini adalah Angka Pemasukan meliputi tingkat kelahiran, tingkat pembelian dan tingkat bantuan. Angka Pengeluaran meliputi tingkat kematian, tingkat penjualan dan tingkat pemotongan dan Natural Increase (NI). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis secara deskriptif. Dinamika populasi sapi PO Kab Sigi, dengan angka pemasukan  terdiri dari persentase kelahiran 67,13 % dr induk (24,74% populasi),  pembelian 9% dan bantuan 1,73% dengan total pemasukan sebesar 205 ekor (35,47%).  Angka Pengeluaran meliputi  angka kematian 54 ekor (3,62%), penjualan 89 ekor (15,39%), pemotongan 27 ekor (4,66%) dengan total pengeluaran sebesar 137 ekor (23,70%) dan  natural increase sebesar 21,11%.
Use of Different Feed on The Growth and Survival of Milkfish (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Pradika Reza Aditya , Rosyida Eka , Yusuf Sitti Ramlah
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos). Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kualitas Air dan Biologi Akuatik, Jurusan Akuakultur, Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan, Universitas Tadulako. Organisme uji yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ikan bandeng dengan berat rata-rata 1,09±0,16 g/ekor, dipelihara selama 30 hari dengan padat tebar 1 ekor / 1 L air. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah pemberian pakan berbeda yaitu perlakuan (A) Klekap, perlakuan (B) Dedak padi fermentasi + Lumut sutra, Perlakuan (C) Dedak padi fermentasi + klekap, Perlakuan (D) klekap + lumut sutra. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata (p <0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan ikan bandeng. Laju pertumbuhan harian dan pertumbuhan bobot mutlak tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan pemberian pakan klekap + lumut sutra, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 0,04%/hari dan 1,16 g, sedangkan terendah ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan pemberian dedak padi fermentasi + lumut sutra, yaitu 0,02%/hari dan 0,68 g. Pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi ada pada perlakuan D (Klekap + Lumut sutra) 1,16 g. Semua perlakuan dengan pakan yang mengandung klekap menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi.   Kelangsungan hidup tertinggi juga terlihat pada pemberian pakan Klekap + lumut sutra (88%).
Analysis of Fractional-Order Physical Models via Shehu Transform
Authors: Kubra Khadija , Razaq Fatima , Lehre Sana Ullah
Published: August 2022

In this study, an innovative analytical analysis of fractional-order
partial differential equations is presented by Shehu transformation
method. Fractional-order differential equations provide the useful
dynamics of phys- ical systems and thus provide novel and efficient
information about given physical systems. In this study, Shehu transform
is used to create an approximate analytical solution through the
time-fractional partial differential equations (system of equations)
with the Adomian decomposition method and Variational iter- ation
transform method along with Shehu transformation. Laplace and Sumudu
transformation have been refined to form Shehu transformation. An
algorithm is established for expressing the Shehu transform for the
fractional operators like Riemann-Liouville and Caputo by using this new
integral transform. Higher-order fractional differential equations are
solved in the Caputo sense. Shehu transformation is used to simplify the
problems before implementing the decomposition and variational iteration
methods to achieve the problem’s comprehensive solutions. This method
provides a series form solution with easily computed components and a
higher rate of convergence to the exact solution of the targeted
problem. The reliability of this process is demonstrated through
physical problems. MATLAB software is used to analyze the problems
graphically. It is observed that integer-order differential equations do
not properly model various phenomena in different fields of science and
engineering in relation to fractional-order differential equations. This
method is simple and accurate analytical technique that can solve other
partial differential equations of fractional order as well.
Hospital admissions due to drug-related hyponatraemia
Authors: Lu Ing Ni , Gray Joanna , Graggaber Johann , Fisk Marie
Published: August 2022

Little is known about morbidity due to drug-related hyponatraemia,
despite hyponatraemia being a common side effect of frequently
prescribed medicines. We conducted a 12-month retrospective service
evaluation of hospital admissions due to drug-related hyponatraemia to
determine what drugs are contributing factors, describe patient
demographics and burden of morbidity. This was undertaken at a large
acute UK hospital and drug-related hyponatraemia was defined by
admissions where hyponatraemia was coded as the principal diagnosis and
specific medication(s) were recorded as either contributory factor(s) or
the principal cause of hyponatraemia and these medication(s) were
discontinued. Of 131 hyponatraemia admissions, 71 (54%) were
drug-related. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/ angiotensin
receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors and thiazide diuretics were
drug classes most commonly associated. 61% of patients were women,
median age 81 (IQR15.5) years, 61% were on more than 2 implicated
drugs. The median length of stay was 4 (2-9 days IQR). This study
highlights that elderly woman on more than 2 drugs that can cause
hyponatraemia, constituted the majority of patients admitted to hospital
with drug-related hyponatraemia.
Health Care Utilization Trends Across the Transition Period in a National Cohort of Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Garvey Katharine C. , Finkelstein Jonathan A. , Zhang Fang , LeCates Robert , Laffel Lori , Wharam James F.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

Lack of effective transition from pediatric to adult care may contribute to adverse outcomes in young adults with type 1 diabetes. The understanding of outpatient and acute care utilization patterns across the adolescent to young adult transition age in type 1 diabetes populations is suboptimal in the U.S.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied claims data from 14,616 individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, aged 16–24 years, and enrolled in a large national health plan for ≥1 year from 2005 to 2012. Annual outpatient and emergency department visits and hospitalization rates were calculated at each age. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association of age-group (adolescents [age 16–18 years] vs. young adults [age 19–24 years]), outpatient visits, and sociodemographic variables with emergency department visit and hospitalization rates.

RESULTS

Endocrinologist visits declined from 2.3 per year at age 16 years to 1.5 per year by age 22. Emergency department rates increased per year from 45 per 100 at age 16 to 63 per 100 at age 20, then decreased to 60 per 100 by age 24. Hospitalizations per year climbed from 14 per 100 at age 16 to 21 per 100 at age 19, then decreased to 17 per 100 by age 24. In statistical models, young adults experienced higher rates of emergency department visits (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.24 [95% CI 1.18, 1.31]) and hospitalizations (IRR 1.25 [95% CI 1.15, 1.36]) than adolescents. Additional significant predictors of emergency department visits and hospitalizations included female sex and Black race. Individuals with two or more endocrinologist visits per year were less likely to have emergency department visits and hospitalizations; higher income was also protective.

CONCLUSIONS

Results highlight concerning increases in acute care utilization for young adults with type 1 diabetes who are less engaged with outpatient diabetes care and highlight socioeconomic risk factors that warrant further study.
Long-term Survival Benefit From Revascularization Compared With Medical Therapy in Patients With or Without Diabetes Undergoing Myocardial Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: Kuronuma Keiichiro , Han Donghee , Miller Robert J.H. , Rozanski Alan , Gransar Heidi , Dey Damini , Hayes Sean W. , Friedman John D. , Thomson Louise , Slomka Piotr J. , Berman Daniel S.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

To explore the long-term association of survival benefit from early revascularization with the magnitude of ischemia in patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes using a large observational cohort of patients undergoing single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Of 41,982 patients who underwent stress and rest SPECT-MPI from 1998 to 2017, 8,328 (19.8%) had diabetes. A propensity score was used to match 8,046 patients with diabetes to 8,046 patients without diabetes. Early revascularization was defined as occurring within 90 days after SPECT-MPI. The percentage of myocardial ischemia was assessed from the magnitude of reversible myocardial perfusion defect on SPECT-MPI.

RESULTS

Over a median 10.3-year follow-up, the annualized mortality rate was higher for the patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes (4.7 vs. 3.6%; P < 0.001). There were significant interactions between early revascularization and percent myocardial ischemia in patients with and without diabetes (all interaction P values <0.05). After adjusting for confounding variables, survival benefit from early revascularization was observed in patients with diabetes above a threshold of >8.6% ischemia and in patients without diabetes above a threshold of >12.1%. Patients with diabetes receiving insulin had a higher mortality rate (6.2 vs. 4.1%; P < 0.001), but there was no interaction between revascularization and insulin use (interaction P value = 0.405).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with diabetes, especially those on insulin treatment, had higher mortality rate compared with patients without diabetes. Early revascularization was associated with a mortality benefit at a lower ischemic threshold in patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes.
miR-130b/301b is a Negative Regulator of Beige Adipogenesis and Energy Metabolism in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Luo Wenyi , Kim Youngsil , Jensen Mary Ellen , Herlea-Pana Oana , Wang Weidong , Rudolph Michael C. , Friedman Jacob E. , Chernausek Steven D. , Jiang Shaoning
Published: August 2022

Thermogenic brown or beige adipocytes dissipate energy in the form of heat and thereby counteract obesity and related metabolic complications. The microRNA cluster, miR-130b/301b, is highly expressed in adipose tissues and has been implicated in metabolic diseases as a post-transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. We investigated the roles of miR-130b/301b in regulating beige adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. miR-130b/301b declined in adipose progenitor cells during beige adipogenesis, while forced overexpression of miR-130b-3p or miR-301b-3p suppressed uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial respiration, suggesting a decline in miR-130b-3p or miR-301b-3p is required for adipocyte precursors to develop the beige phenotype. Mechanistically, miR-130b/301b directly targeted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1) and suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc-1α), key regulators of brown adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mice lacking the miR-130b/301b microRNA cluster showed reduced visceral adiposity and less weight gain. miR-130b/301b null mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance, increased UCP1 and AMPK activation in subcutaneous fat (iWAT), and increased response to cold-induced energy expenditure. Together, these data identify the miR-130b/301b cluster as a new regulator that suppresses beige adipogenesis involving PGC-1α and AMPK signaling in iWAT and is therefore a potential therapeutic target against obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Phishing Detection System Using Extreme Learning Machines with Different Activation Function based on Majority Voting
Authors: UÇAR Murat
Published: August 2022

Phishing is a type of software-based cyber-attack carried out to steal private information such as login credentials, user passwords, and credit card information. When the security reports published in recent years are examined, it is seen that there are millions of phishing spoofing web pages. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to develop an effective phishing detection model. In the study, an extreme learning machine based model using different activation functions such as sine, hyperbolic tangent function, rectified linear unit, leaky rectified linear unit and exponential linear unit was proposed and comparative analyses were made. In addition, the performances of the models when combined with the majority vote were also evaluated and it was seen that the highest accuracy value of 97.123% was obtained when the three most successful activation functions were combined with the majority vote. Experimental results show the effectiveness and applicability of the model proposed in the study.
Düzlemsel Kafes Tipi Köprülerin Gradyan Düşüş Yöntemiyle Şekil ve Boyut Optimizasyonu
Authors: ŞAHİN TAŞKESİĞİ Simge , GÜRAY Ersan
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, sabit bir açıklık mesafesi için, Warren kafes tipi köprünün olası en hafif tasarımı hedeflenmektedir. Optimum yapıya Gradyan-Düşüş yöntemiyle ulaşılmıştır. Tüm yapıyı oluşturan çubuk elemanların toplam ağırlığı amaç fonksiyonu olarak kullanılmıştır. Açıklıktaki çubukların boyutu ve dikey çubukların yükseklikleri tasarım değişkenleri olarak atanmaktadır. Çubukların basınç ve çekme mukavemeti, burkulma direnci ve dinamik kısıtlama olarak minimum doğal titreşim frekansları, sınırlandırılmakta veya belirli aralıklar içinde tanımlanmaktadır. Kısıtlamalar logaritmik bariyer fonksiyonu olarak işlemlere dahil edilmektedir. Aralık sayısında artışla, nihai optimum yapının az da olsa ağırlaştığı ve optimum yapının şeklinin parabole yakın bir eğriyi gösterdiği ve dinamik kısıtlamalar işleme dahil edildiğinde optimum yapının dikey yönde daha rijit hale geldiği bu çalışmanın bazı önemli sonuçlarıdır.
Plant Biotechnology in the Sustainable Agro-Food Sector: A Critical Overview
Authors: U De Corato
Published: August 2022

When we talk about ‘plant biotechnology’ we should not immediately put the mind back to DNA and genetic engineering. In fact, since time immemorial, man has unknowingly used microorganisms to produce food and drink and has participated in the genetic modification of plants and animals through a gradual selection of the desired characters.
Yield Performance and Adaptability of Released Upland Rice Varieties in North Western and Western Tigray, North Ethiopia
Authors: K Hailegebrial
Published: August 2022

The experiment was conducted at maitsebri agricultural research center, Maitsebri on station, Mezekire and Humera, aiming at identifying stable and adaptable upland rice varieties to rice growing environment through enhanced improved rice technologies. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Data on yield and major yield related traits were collected. Varieties had significant effect on yields which were 4433, 4109 and 3920 kg/ha for Maitsebri-2, N-16 and Maitsebri-1 respectively. The results revealed that highly significant variations were obtained for days to heading and maturity, plant height, panicle length, grain yield and biomass yield among the genotypes and their genotype by environment interaction. Yield stability and adaptability of yield performance were analyzed by combined analysis and AMMI model. From the current study the combined analysis of variance for grain yield revealed highly significant at (P<0.01) for genotypes, environments and their interactions. The significant interaction indicated that the genotypes respond differently across the different environments. The combined ANOVA and AMMI analysis for grain yield of eight upland rice genotypes at 4 environments showed that environments, genotype and G x E interaction revealed highly significant (P<0.01) variations. Considering all genotypes, Hidassie and F-3730 were found the earliest maturity. But since the new alternative varieties were evaluated against Maitsebri-2 (as standard check) and with there is no superior variety over Maitsebri-2 (4433) while since the combined data showed since there is significance difference in gene* environment and with Adet (3589 kg/ha) also gave reseaonable yield as compared Maitsebri-2 (2805 kg/ha) at humera site. So, variety Adet proceeds to demonstration, popularization and pre extension to contribute on food security of the farmers’ in Humera area.
Assessment on Weight Loss of Maize Seeds (Jibat Variety) Caused by Maize Weevil (Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) after Treated by Botanical Powder under Laboratory Condition
Authors: Bulto Tufa
Published: August 2022

The present study was emphasized on assessment of weight loss of maize seeds (Jibat variety) caused by maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) after treated by botanical powder under Laboratory condition”. Higher percent of weight loss (50.04%) was registered by control at 40 days after application; however, no maize seed was lost under plastics treated by malathion 5% dust; Calpurnia aurea recorded 3.41% of maize seed was lost at rate of 2%; Justice schrimperiana recorded 3.38% of maize seed was lost at rate of 2% and lower maize seed weight loss was recorded under treatment applied by Eucalyptus globules(2.75%), Vernonia amygdalina (2.88%) and Leonotis ocimifolia (2.85%) at 2% of rate respectively. Eighty days after exposure, maize seed weight loss was recorded in Justica schrimperiana (14.67% to 10 %) at a rate of 2% to 11%; Vernonia amygdalina (13% to 9%) at a rate of 2% to 11%; Eucalyptus globules (12.33% to 7.33%) at a rate of 2% to 11%; Calpurnia aurea (6.67% to 3.33%) at a rate of 2% to 11% respectively; malathion 5% dust (no weight loss), However, up to 285 fold weight loss was recorded from the untreated control after 80 days of treatment exposure. Hundred twenty days after exposure, maize seed weight loss was recorded in Justica schrimperiana (7.45% to 5.18 %) at a rate of 2% to 11%; Vernonia amygdalina (4.58% to 2.24%) at a rate of 5% to 11%; Eucalyptus globules (3.75% to 1.33%) at a rate of 2% to 11%; Calpurnia aurea (4.08% to 1.12%) at a rate of 2% to 11% respectively; malathion 5% dust (no weight loss), untreated control 300.79% weight loss was recorded after 120 days of exposure. Generally, maize seed weight loss was increased at lower rate and decreased at higher rate and highly increased under control as the time extended and no any damage in maize seed treated by malathion 5% dust.
Performance Evaluation of Yanmar Harvesting Machine in MPOB Bangi, Selangor
Authors: Haji Razali Mohd Hudzari
Published: August 2022

In agriculture business mostly in the oil palm field, the harvesting activity is very important. Nowadays, the application of mechanization for harvesting purpose in the tall oil palm tree is rarely used and apply by the big company in Malaysia. This situation happen probably due to the lack of information and approach toward them. There are a lot of advantages by using the mechanization in term of harvesting purpose especially FFB harvesting machine. One of the advantage is will reduce the labor usage and cost. Other than that, the application of harvesting machine are very crucial in overcoming the problem of tall oil palm tree. Besides, it will increase the freshness and quality of the bunch since the bunch not fall direct to the soil. The purpose or objective of this study is evaluate the performance of the harvesting machine. This study was done at the MPOB, Bangi Selangor to carry out all the data and details about the harvesting machine. The secondary data was used in other to make the calculation and can know the effectiveness and the efficiency of the harvesting machine. In addition, the understanding about the fuel consumption also important because it is equivalent to the operating cost. From the overall study, it show that the harvesting machine are effective for the harvesting process mostly in reducing the usage of manpower and problem of tall oil palm tree.
Form Factor for Amazonian Forest Trees
Authors: Aguiar Diego
Published: August 2022

The Amazon rainforest has a great diversity of species that provide a high variation of wood stock due to the characteristics of the trees. Among this, the taper of the shaft is essential to determine the form factor for the forest, which can be applied in previous estimates during the forest inventory. Thus, this mini-review aimed to show the variation of the form factor for different forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon. The form factor ranged from 0.874 to 0.4488 for several vegetations, if the average form factor (0.7) were applied in these sites it would have caused both over and underestimations. This demonstrates the high variation in taper that can be determinant in the estimation of forest stock. For this reason, a specific assessment of the form factor is essential for each forest to be managed, as it demonstrates the variation along the log and assists in forest planning
Effect of Different Rates of Compound C- Extra on Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Productivity
Authors: Kudzai Kakava Bolton
Published: August 2022

Low levels of calcium and magnesium has been the prime challenge impeding farmers to attain high potato productivity in sandy soils. The actual tuber yield in Zimbabwe ranges between 8 to 35 t/ha. A yield gap of 77 percent has been experienced although efforts have been made in breeding high yielding potato varieties. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different rates of Compound C extra fertilizer (5N:15P2O5:12K2O:6S:0.1B:6%Ca+3%Mg) compared to the traditional Compound C (5N:15P2O5:12K2O:6S:0.1B) on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) productivity. The results obtained showed that tuber yield had a significant difference between treatments (p<0.05). Compound C at 2000 kg/ha recorded the highest tuber yield of 29.3 t/ha compared to Compound C extra at the same rate with 17.1 t/ha. Compound C at 500 kg/ha had a yield of 12.8 t/ha compared to Compound C extra at a similar rate with 16 t/ha. Compound C extra and Compound C at 1300 kg/ha recorded tuber yields (t/ha) of 15 and 20.3 respectively. It was concluded that Compound C extra at 1300 kg/ha was effective to increase plant height and number of leaves/plant. The traditional Compound C basal fertilizer gives a higher potato productivity at high rates of 1300 and 2000 kg/ha when compared to the improved Compound C extra at similar rates. Compound C extra at a low rate of 500 kg/ha proved to produce a considerably better yield compared to the traditional Compound C at the same rate. Farmers are recommended to apply the traditional Compound C fertilizer at a rate of 2000 kg/ha to increase total tuber yield.
In Vitro Multiplication Rate and Pot Yield of Cryopreservation Derived Buds of Yams (Dioscorea Spp)
Authors: Leunufna Semuel
Published: August 2022

One of the principal objectives of the germplasm preservation is to maintain their unique genes combinations. A study was conducted in the laboratory and glass house to evaluate the multiplication rate of in vitro cultured plantlets, several morphological and yield characters of glass house pots grown plants derived from cryopreservation using modified droplet method on yams (Dioscorea spp.). In vitro MR was similar among in vitro culture, PVS2 treatment and cryopreservation derived plantlets for D. polystachya and D. cayenensis. In vitro only derived plantlets exhibited significantly lower MR in comparison to the two other treatment variants for D. bulbifera. This was, however, could be attributed to physiological effects which will be recovered in further sub-culture cycles. The morphological characters, number of tuber per plant and tuber' harvest weight per plant were constant for plant derived after cryopreservation and in vitro culture (control) for D. cayenensis. Modified droplet method is, therefore, reliable for the cryopreservation of yams germplasm and maybe other crops.
Stability in Food Security within the Southern African Customs Union: A Dynamic Panel Analysis Approach pn Cereals
Authors: von Bach HJ Sartorius
Published: August 2022

Food insecurity is no different in southern Africa. This paper attempts to assess the country effects within the aggregated cereal food security status within the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). The impact of a big player on dependent small players is analysed by using the panel data approach to empirically explain the dynamics of climate patterns on cereal food production. The paper employed econometric dynamic models to determine effects of urbansisation, production yield, land availability and weather variables on both country individual and regional food security. Results indicates that a unit decrease in available crop surface per capita in each time period leads to 40% decrease in the ability to be food secure within the SACU region. It implies that countries with less crop surface, low crop yield and high population growth tend to be less food secure because of applying less rigorous food production technologies. Therefore, adjustments in cereal food production in Southern Africa are necessary to follow principles of climate smart agriculture. Resulting shifts in production systems will open an opportunity for regional cooperation in food resource management. Iindividual country policy on food security shows divergence and could be adjusted towards a more holistic regional approach with innovation, trade, health, wealth and geopolitical relations. Individual country support from a regional customs union will strengthen regional equity and sustainable development for ultimate welfare. Technological change in cereal food production practices will be based on resource quality and management skills.
Studies on Cultivation Practices as a form of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development
Authors: Coelho Ferreira Natália
Published: August 2022

This work compiles sustainable agriculture methods such as hydroponics, crop rotation and family farming, as well as how cultivation can assist in the process of environmental education and sustainability. It was exposed how the relationship between agronomic activity and environmental preservation proposals is presented, in order to emphasize solutions that the agricultural sector adheres to sustainability. In this way we made the report of a case study, in which we tried to apply methods of cultivation of agronomy in the classroom. In this case study we promote the reuse of waste, we point out how the practice of cultivation helps to promote sustainable development and how important a planning that encompasses, not only students with a teacher, such as the community and the school.
Potentialities of Plant Species Native to the Caatinga
Authors: AMS Pessoa
Published: August 2022

The Caatinga biome presents several possibilities of use, especially regarding plants, showing unique vegetation marked by its heterogeneity, with a significant number of rare and/or endemic taxa. This article presents some aspects related to the potentialities of plant species in this biome, highlighting the riches that exist in the semiarid region of Brazil. It is thus necessary to consider the peculiarities of this region in order not to lose this potential due to unfamiliarity and inappropriate use.
Early Growth Response of Ceiba Pentandra to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers under Field Conditions in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: K Olajide
Published: August 2022

This study was carried out at the Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka to investigate growth response of Ceiba pentandra to organic and inorganic fertilizers under field conditions. The treatments consisted of six fertilizer application rates (No fertilizer, 5 t ha-1 PM + 200 kg ha-1 NPK, 10 t ha-1 PM, 20 t ha-1 PM, 450 kg ha-1 NPK and 20 t ha-1 PM + 100 kg ha-1 NPK). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, stem girth and number of branches at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months after transplanting (MAT). The result of the analysis of variance indicated significant (p<0.05) variation among the fertilizer combinations used with respect to morphological parameters evaluated. Among the fertilizer treatments, sole application of PM at 20 t ha-1 consistently and positively influenced plant height, number of leaves, stem girth and number of branches of Ceiba across the months. Suggesting that the application rate provided adequate nutrients for growth and development of Ceiba. However, sole application of NPK at 450 kg ha-1 and other PM rates in combination with NPK resulted in decrease in some growth attributes probably due to acidification of the rhizosphere. Sole application of PM at 20 t ha-1 improved growth traits of Ceiba pentandra and is recommended for the production of Ceiba in the study area.
Goals to Meet the 2100 Global Warming Target: Evolution or Green Revolution?
Authors: Openshaw Keith
Published: August 2022

Fossil fuels are the main contributor to global warming and add about 9.3 Giga tonnes (109 ) of Carbon [GtC] (34.2 GtCO2 ) to the atmosphere each year. Deforestation adds an additional 1.4 GtC (5.1 GtCO2 ). Population increase is a principal driver of deforestation. Tempering population increase is therefore essential for meeting the global warming target of the Paris Agreement by 2100. With more effective family planning programs, 163 million ha of forests, containing 16 GtC, valued at an estimated $40 billion could be saved from being converted to subsistence agriculture. Improving agricultural productivity, especially in the subsistence sector, would avoid additional significant forest loss. Fossil fuel consumption can at the same time be reduced in part through efficiency measures, and especially by greatly expanding the use of renewable energy. While renewable energy from water, wind and solar have a major role to play, biomass is currently the most important renewable fuel. Expanding its use requires improvements in intermediate and end-use efficiency and an expansion in the use of bioenergy in its gaseous, liquid and solid forms. Increased use of biomass energy from sustainably managed sources could facilitate more investment in forests and increase the capture of carbon. A program to plant trees on 0.9 billion ha of land could capture more than 205 GtC in wood and soils. These measures would greatly assist in keeping the global temperature increase to 1.50 C above the pre-industrial level, ensuring that the world remains habitable and environmentally sustainable. The latest 6th Intergovernmental Report on Climate Change, (IPCC 2021), reiterates the seriousness of the problem and says that decisive action is needed.
Geospatial Distribution of the Quality of the Coffee of Minas Gerais by Methods of Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Neves Barbosa Juliana
Published: August 2022

The state of Minas Gerais is located in one of the most privileged Brazilian regions for the production of high-quality coffees. Due to its large territorial extension and environmental variation, it favors the production of specialty coffees with a great diversity of flavor and aroma. These differences are related to the peculiar characteristics of each microregion, particulary climate variations, altitude, latitude and production systems. Although the relationship between environmental characteristics and coffee productivity in different biomes is already well explored, its relationship with beverage quality still requires research. Given the need for more information on areas with potential for special coffee production, this paper proposes to associate data concerning to sensorial quality of coffees in the Cafés of Minas Quality Contest, with climatic and geographical variations of each state region, applying association rules for data mining, used to understand the aptitude of the state through the generation of rules that describe the most relevant patterns in the data. The climatic, geographical and classificatory information of the coffee samples is the result of the database of the contest participants in 2007 and 2008. The results demonstrate that with data mining techniques it was possible to associate the regions with the greatest potential with the climatic and geographical characteristics of the environment.
Determination of Selected Phytochemicals and Nutritional Compositions in Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Fruit using Different Extraction Solvents
Authors: Ywih Ch’ng Huck
Published: August 2022

Plants are the major sources for the production of natural products. Nowadays, demand of natural products is increasing since it can be as source of drug production, foods, cosmetic and agriculture industries. This is due to bioactive compound, naturally chemical compound generated from the plants, called phytochemical. Phytochemicals can be found in wide range of plant components as in the roots, stems, leaves and seeds that provide health benefits for human health. The Melinjo fruit (Gnetum gnemon L.) is perennial and an evergreen tree, native to Southeast Asia and has been planted around the world, primarily for its wonderful fruits. According to the recent research, it has revealed that each part of the Melinjo fruit gives beneficial to humans due to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-diabetic properties. Furthermore, it is reported that phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, and phenolic compounds have been found in Melinjo fruit (Gnetum gnemon L.). Thus, this study was performed to analyse the phytochemical content of Melinjo fruit seeds and seed coats using various extraction solvents in order to know whether it can be used for beneficial purposes. In this research, cold maceration extraction was applied to prepare the plant extract and qualitative screening of phytochemicals in Melinjo fruit was carried out. The result present that both seed and seed coat of Gnetum gnemon L. contain phytochemicals. Nevertheless, it demonstrated that methanol was the most effective solvent to extract majority of phytochemical classes. Thus, Gnetum gnemon L. appears to be useful to human health. It should therefore be investigated to determine whether it may be safely used in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries to improve people's health condition.
Effect of Organic and Synthetic Mulches on Soil Temperature, Nutrient Availability and Yield of Squash
Authors: Alam Md. Jahangir
Published: August 2022

The field experiment was conducted on squash cv. Bulam house at Central Research Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur under AEZ-28 during rabi season of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 to study the effect of organic and synthetic mulches on soil temperature, nutrient availability and yield of squash.The treatments were T1: control, T2: black polyethylene mulch, T3: white polyethylene mulch and T4: rice straw mulch. The experiment is laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), where each treatment was replicated thrice. Data on growth and yield attributes of squash were collected during the crop growing season and after harvesting. Soil temperatures were differentially affected by the type of polyethylene mulch, with temperatures generally following the order: white polyethylene mulch>rice straw mulch>black polyethylene mulch. All plant growth characters, yield and yield contributing characters were superior with white polyethylene relative to grown without mulch (control). Treatment T3 (white polyethylene mulch) resulted in increased single fruit weight (kg) of squash than control. Fruit yield was also increased when grown in soil under white polyethylene mulch i.e. 37.6 tha-1. White polyethylene mulch had 282 % increase in yield per ha over control. The higher yield was associated with higher soil temperature in white polythene mulch compared to other mulches during crop growing period
The Values of Natural Disaster Mitigation in Discourse: The True Story of the Acehnese Tsunami Victims
Authors: Iskandar Denni , Sinar Tengku Silvana , Samad Iskandar Abdul , Gadeng Ahmad Nubli
Published: August 2022

This article aims to investigate the values of natural disaster mitigation among Acehnese Tsunami Victims. Natural disaster mitigation is an important issue for people who live in disaster-prone country such as Indonesia. Hermeneutical approach was employed in this study to reveal the values of disaster mitigation contained in the book about true story of the survivors of the Earthquake and Tsunami that occurred on December 26, 2004. The results of this research indicate that there are eighteen values of natural disaster mitigation, with details of 9 mitigation values about what to do when a tsunami occurs, 3 mitigation values about what should be avoided, and 6 mitigation values about preventive measures to reduce tsunami risk. Finally, this research reveals that these empirical facts can corroborate the theories and concepts of mitigation of the Earthquake and Tsunami disaster and also as reference to various educational context.