bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The knowledge base of a profession: the case of social work
Authors: Berman Y.
Published: May 2020

Se afirma que las revistas desempeñan un papel importante para establecer la base de conocimientos de una profesión. Las profesiones utilizan también conocimientos procedentes de otras disciplinas y son, por tanto, de carácter interdisciplinar, al utilizar diversas formas de conocimiento. Tomando como ejemplo a los trabajadores sociales , el conocimiento empírico tal como aparece en las revistas resultó ser sólo una de sus fuentes de conocimiento. Esta profesión origina también literatura gris directamente relacionada con la experiencia en trabajos sociales. Dicha literatura gris permite la difusión de conocimientos sin base empírica, que son de utilidad para las profesiones aplicadas. El uso de conjunto del conocimiento empírico vía revistas y literatura gris requiere una integración por parte de archiveros y especialistas en información. Se plantea la cuestión de las actitudes de los profesionales prácticos frente al conocimiento empírico y de los académicos frente a la literatura gris. Se propone que el papel del archivero y del especialista en información consista en hacer que se acepte la información por su valor intrínseco.
Eficiencia y efectividad del servicio de catálogo colectivo de publicaciones seriadas
Authors: Lazo Rodriguez B. C. , González Martínez M. C. , Díaz del Campo S.
Published: May 2020

Se realiza un estudio de la eficiencia y efectividad del servicio de catálogo colectivo de publicaciones seriadas del Sistema Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas de Cuba, en el que se consideran los indicadores costo-tiempo-productividad para medir la eficiencia. La efectividad se evalúa mediante el análisis de la necesidad . Los resultados obtenidos muestran valores positivos en cuanto a la eficiencia, aunque en relación con la efectividad no son tan satisfactorios. Se ofrecen los resultados en forma de números absolutos y en valores porcentuales, que se representan en gráficos estadísticos y tablas.
Control de calidad y coste de los servicios de información
Authors: Taladriz Mas M.
Published: May 2020

Proporcionar la mejor información al menor coste y en el menor tiempo es una de las premisas fundamentales cuando se habla de los objetivos básicos que debe cumplir cualquier Servicio de Información. Se trata de analizar cómo se calculan los costes en un Servicio de Información, cómo se pueden reducir dichos costes, si esos costes son imputables o no a los usuarios y, si lo son, de qué forma se puede llevar a cabo esa imputación. De forma paralela se trata de analizar los parámetros que determinan la calidad de un Servicio de Información y hasta que límite dicho servicio puede tener constancia del nivel de calidad de la información que ha suministrado.
QUANTUM FIELD THEORY FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES
Authors: Perinotti Paolo
Published: May 2020

The mathematical description of quantum systems univocally identies their nature. In other words we treat a system as quantum if we describe its behaviour adopting Hilbert spaces and structures thereof, as prescribed by the postulates of quantum theory. The choice of using quantum systems as the elementary systems of physics can be justied in terms of informational principles, thanks to results of the last decade. Such results come as the conclusion of a research program that lasted almost one century, with the aim of reformulating quantum theory in terms of operational principles. This achievement now poses a new challenge, that we face here. If the systems of quantum theory are thought of as elementary information carriers in the rst place, rather than elementary constituents of matter, and their connections are logical connections within a given algorithm, rather than space-time relations, then we need to nd the origin of mechanical conceptsâ€”that characterise quantum mechanics as a theory of physical systems. To this end,we will illustrate howphysical laws can be viewed as algorithms for the update of memory registers that make a physical system. Imposing the characteristic properties of physical laws to such an algorithm, i.e. homogeneity, reversibility and isotropy, we will show that the physical laws thus selected are particular algorithms known as cellular automata. Further assumptions regarding maximal simplicity of the algorithm lead to two cellular automata only, that in a suitable regime can be described by Weylâ€™s dierential equations, lying at the basis of the dynamics of relativistic quantum elds. We will nally discuss how the same cellular automaton can give rise to both Fermionic eld dynamics and to Maxwellâ€™s equations, that rule the dynamics of the electromagnetic eld. We will conclude reviewing the discussion of the relativity principle, that must be suitably adapted to the scenario where space-time is not an elementary notion, through the denition of a change of inertial reference frame, and whose formulation leads to the recovery of the symmetry of Minkowski space-time, identied with PoincarÂ´eâ€™s group. Space-time thus emerges as one of the manifestations of physical laws, rather than the background where they occur, and its features are determined by the dynamics of systems, necessarily equipped with dierential equations that express it. In brief, there is no space-time unless an evolution rule requires it.
N-acetylcysteine maintains penile length and erectile function in bilateral cavernous nerve crush rat model by reducing penile fibrosis
Authors: Ma Ming , Wu Chang-Jing , Zhang Peng , Li Tao , Wei Shan-Zun , Yu Bo-Tao , Qin Feng , Yuan Jiu-Hong
Published: May 2020

Penile length shortening and erectile dysfunction are common complications after radical prostatectomy. Various methods have been used to maintain erectile function, but less attention has been paid to preserving penis length. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has the effect of antioxidation and antifibrotic, which may be beneficial to improve those postoperative complications. This study investigated the effect of NAC on maintaining the penile length and the erectile function after bilateral cavernous nerve crush (BCNC) and its underlying mechanism. Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, BCNC group, and BCNC + NAC group. NAC or equal volume of saline was daily administrated by intragastric gavage for 4 weeks. The initial and end penile lengths were measured. Intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) ratio was calculated to assess erectile function. Hematoxylin–eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were performed to explore cellular and molecular changes of the penis. Compared to the BCNC group, the penile length, ICP/MAP ratio and smooth muscle/collagen ratio in the BCNC + NAC group were improved significantly (all P < 0.05), and the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, α-smooth muscle actin, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase 1 were significantly increased after NAC treated (all P < 0.05), along with the decreased expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor-β1, collagen I, collagen III, collagen IV, malonaldehyde, and lysine oxidase (all P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that NAC could maintain penile length and partly improve erectile function. Possible mechanism is directly and/or indirectly related to antihypoxic and antifibrosis.
Delimitation and Correlation of Civil and Administrative Legal Proceedings: Qualification Problems and Criteria
Authors: Pavlova Margarita
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the problem of delimitation and correlation of civil and administrative manners of proceeding. The purpose of the research is to define clear criteria to delimit the civil and administrative legal proceedings to increase the efficiency of civil and administrative legislation regulations when solving disputes connected with the violation of rights, liberties and legitimate interests of an individual. The said is based on the hypothesis that the scope of public-administrative relations is wider than the scope of relations that are governed by the norms of administrative law. Classification problem in the study is considered in the context of defining proceeding manners (administrative or civil). Besides, the cases of courts of general jurisdiction have served as a research base. The author suggests some criteria models for delimiting administrative and civil court proceedings by the legal classification between the parties as well as by the suit character of stated claims. The latter in the future might lead to the formation of new, more accurate methods of applying administrative norms and a reduction in the number of precedents for incorrect proceedings.
Public Interest Regarding Nature Protection Pursued by the Municipal Government
Authors: Stelmasiak Jerzy
Published: May 2020

The article contains an analysis of the issue of public interest pursued by the municipal government in the field of nature conservation, demonstrated on the example of individual forms of nature conservation, the latter term being the concept used by environmental law scholars.  Moreover, it covers natural monuments, documentation stands, ecological grounds and natural and landscape complexes, which are established through a resolution of the municipal council, which constitutes an act of local law. On the other hand, administrative prohibitions introduced for this purpose in an act of local law must have statutory authorisation and they should take into account the constitutional principle of sustainable development and the principle of proportionality.  This is because these prohibitions restrict the right of ownership of immovable property situated in their area.  Moreover, such an act of local law shall also be subject to the judicial review by an administrative court, having been challenged by the addressee of such act, provided that the addressee has also a legal interest, not only a factual interest.
The Local Government Body Member and the Local Government Employee as a Passive Bribery Offender under Polish Criminal Law
Authors: Kulik Marek
Published: May 2020

The study addresses the status of a local government body member and a local government employee as a person holding a public function in the meaning of Polish criminal law. In the Polish legal system, a person who holds a public function may be held criminally liable for passive bribery (bribe accepting) defined in Article 229 of the Polish Penal Code.  Pursuant to Article 115 § 19 PC, a public officer and persons belonging to several other categories are persons holding a public function, while  Article 115 § 13 PC defines the public officer by detailed enumeration of specific persons. The study provides an analysis of these concepts in view of the provisions governing the status of local government officers and persons employed with local government organisational units.
A Protocol for Systematic Review of Ayurvedic Interventions in Iron-deficiency Anemia
Authors: Nair Devi R , PP Pradeep Kumar , E Remya
Published: May 2020

Background:

In India, Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) among women Is a problem of major health significance. This study reviews the clinical trials on Ayurvedic management of IDA to generate evidence on their safety and efficacy.

Objectives:

The primary objective of the present study is systematic review of selected studies and published clinical data in view of safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of IDA.

Materials and methods:

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs (QRCT), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), and multiple-arm clinical trials that are of at least 3 weeks' duration will be included. Studies having patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria based on the symptomatology of Pandu and IDA will be selected. Search strategy (for electronic search) Ayurveda OR Ayurvedic OR Ayurvedic treatment OR Pandu OR iron- deficiency anemia AND Mrit bhakshanajanya pandu as titles, abstracts, or keywords from online databases will be searched. Three investigators shall independently screen all citations and abstracts identified by a primary comprehensive search to sort out potentially eligible trials. Full articles of potentially eligible trials shall be obtained and independently evaluated for inclusion in the review based on the participants (inclusion criteria). Data extraction forms for individual study shall be prepared.

Dissemination:

The results of systematic review will be disseminated manually and electronically in peer-reviewed journals. The present systematic review may help the health authorities in framing health policies more effectively.

Trial registration number:

PROSPERO 2019 CDR42019131191 Dated 29/07/2019.
A experiência democrática no Amazonas: a formação do PTB e a consolidação do Trabalhismo (1945/1964)
Authors: Queirós César Augusto Bubolz
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de compreender o processo de formação do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) no Amazonas e a consolidação da hegemonia trabalhista entre as décadas de 1950 e 60, buscando analisar as disputas políticas que emergem após o processo de redemocratização no pós-45. O fortalecimento do PTB no estado se deu, sobretudo, a partir da eleição do advogado Plínio Ramos Coelho para o governo do estado do Amazonas em 1954, inaugurando um período de hegemonia trabalhista que teve continuidade com a eleição de Gilberto Mestrinho (1958) e, novamente, Plinio Coelho (1962), tendo se estendido até sua deposição, em junho de 1964. O processo de crescimento eleitoral do PTB ocorreu em um contexto marcado por uma série de enfrentamentos com o alvarismo, principal grupo representante do PSD no estado, disputas políticas e embates internos, que opuseram as principais lideranças trabalhistas do Amazonas.
Postprocessing ensemble forecasts of vertical temperature profiles
Authors: Schoenach David , Simon Thorsten , Mayr Georg Johann
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Weather forecasts from ensemble prediction systems (EPS)
are improved by statistical models trained on past EPS forecasts and
their atmospheric observations. Recently these corrections have moved
from being univariate to multivariate. The focus has been on
(quasi-)horizontal atmospheric variables. This paper extends the
correction methods to EPS forecasts of vertical profiles in two steps. First univariate distributional regression methods correct the
probability distributions separately at each vertical level. In the second step copula coupling re-installs the
dependence among neighboring levels by using the rank order structure
of the EPS forecasts. The method is applied to EPS data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) at model
levels interpolated to four locations in Germany, from which
radiosondes are released to measure profiles of temperature and other
variables four times a day. A winter case study and a summer case study,
respectively, exemplify that univariate postprocessing fails to
preserve stable layers, which are crucial for many atmospheric
processes. Quantile resampling and a resampling that preserves the
relative distance between individual EPS members improve the
calibration of the raw forecasts of the temperature profiles as shown
by rank histograms. They also improve the multivariate metrics of
energy score and variogram score and retain the stable layers.
Improvements take place over all times of the day and all
seasons. They are largest within the atmospheric boundary layer and
for shorter lead times.
Solar Distillation of Impure Water from Four Different Water Sources under
South-Western Nigeria Climate
Authors: Adio Saheed A. , Osowade Emmanuel A. , Muritala Adam O. , Fadairo Adebayo A. , Oladepo Kamar T. , Obayopo Surajudeen O. , Fase Paul O.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The inherent havoc caused by scarcity of potable water and transmission of water-borne diseases in some parts of Nigeria have created a public health concern. This study seeks to investigate water purification of four different water samples (namely: water from flowing river; freshly dug well or groundwater; rainwater from the rooftop; and heavily polluted dirty water) consumed by the people in the local community using solar desalination method. A single basin solar still was constructed and experimental studies were carried out to determine the influence of solar insolation and temperature variations on the yield of the distillate. The quality of the distillate was tested by measuring the total dissolved solid (TDS) and electrical conductivity. These were compared to World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinkable water. These parameters were measured for each water sample before and after desalination to determine the efficiency of the solar still. Results showed a wide gap between the values of TDS and EC before and after desalination of the water samples. The values obtained were in accordance with the requirement of World Health Organization for quality drinkable water. The water becomes clear and less turbid after desalination.
Thermodynamic properties, crystal structure and phase relations of pushcharovskite [Cu(AsO3OH)(H2O) ⋅ 0.5H2O], geminite [Cu(AsO3OH)(H2O)] and liroconite [Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4 ⋅ 4H2O]
Authors: Plumhoff Alexandra M. , Plášil Jakub , Dachs Edgar , Benisek Artur , Sejkora Jiří , Števko Martin , Rumsey Mike S. , Majzlan Juraj
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The phases pushcharovskite, geminite and liroconite were
synthesized or acquired and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,
infrared spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, thermogravimetric
analysis and optical emission spectrometry, as needed. Their thermodynamic
properties were determined by a combination of acid-solution calorimetry and
relaxation calorimetry, resulting in Gibbs free energies of formation
(ΔfGo, all values in kilojoules per mole) of
-1036.4±3.8 (pushcharovskite, Cu(AsO3OH)(H2O)⋅0.5H2O) and -926.7±3.2 (geminite, Cu(AsO3OH)(H2O)).
For the natural liroconite
(Cu2Al[(AsO4)0.83(PO4)0.17](OH)4⋅4H2O), ΔfGo=-2996.3±9.2 kJ mol−1. The estimated ΔfGo for the endmember
Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4⋅4H2O is −2931.6 kJ mol−1. The crystal structure of liroconite was refined
(R1=1.96 % for 962 reflections with I>3σ(I)) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the positions of H atoms, not
known previously, were determined. Liroconite is a rare mineral, except for
several localities, notably Wheal Gorland in England. Thermodynamic
modelling showed that liroconite will be preferred over olivenite if the
Al(III) concentration in the fluid reaches levels needed for saturation with
X-ray amorphous Al(OH)3. We assume that such fluids are responsible for
the liroconite formation during contemporaneous oxidation of primary Cu–As
ores and pervasive kaolinization of the host peraluminous granites. pH had
to be kept in mildly acidic (5–6), and the activities of dissolved
silica were too low to form dioptase. The main stage with abundant
liroconite formation was preceded by an acidic episode with scorodite and
pharmacosiderite and followed by a late neutral to mildly basic episode with
copper carbonates. Geminite and pushcharovskite, on the other hand, are
minerals typical for very acidic solutions. At the studied site in
Jáchymov (Czech Republic), extremely acidic water precipitates
arsenolite; sulfate is removed by formation of gypsum. Geminite associates
with other acidic minerals, such as slavkovite, yvonite and minerals of the
lindackerite group. Pushcharovskite is metastable with respect to geminite
and probably converts quickly to geminite under field conditions.
Evolution of events before and after the 17 June 2017 landslide at Karrat, West Greenland – a multidisciplinary approach for studying landslides in a remote arctic area
Authors: Svennevig Kristian , Dahl-Jensen Trine , Keiding Marie , Boncori John Peter Merryman , Larsen Tine B. , Salehi Sara , Solgaard Anne Munck , Voss Peter H.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The 17 June 2017 rock avalanche on the south facing slope of the Ummiammakku Mountain (Karrat Isfjord, West Greenland) caused a tsunami that flooded the nearby village of Nuugaatsiaq, killed four persons and destroyed 11 buildings. Landslide activity in the area was not previously known and the disaster gave rise to important questions about what events led up to the landslide and what the future hazard is in the area around the landslide? However, the remoteness of the area and difficult fieldwork conditions, made it challenging to answer these questions. We apply a multidisciplinary workflow to reconstruct a timeline of events on the coastal slope here collectively termed the Karrat Landslide Complex. The workflow combines limited fieldwork with analyses of freely available remote sensed data comprising seismological records, Sentinel-1 space borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and Landsat and Sentinel-2 multispectral optical satellite imagery. Our analyses show that at least three historic rock avalanches occurred in the Karrat Landslide Complex: Karrat 2009, Karrat 2016 and Karrat 2017. The last is the source of the tsunami and the first two are described for the first time here. All three are interpreted to have initiated as translational rockslides. In addition to the historical rock avalanches, several pre historic rock avalanche deposits are observed, demonstrating older periods of activity. Furthermore, three larger areas of continuous activity are described and may pose a potential future hazard. A number of non-tectonic seismic events confined to the landslide complex are interpreted to record landslide activity. Based on the temporal distribution of events in the landslide complex, we speculate that the possible trigger for landslides is permafrost degradation caused by climate warming. The results of the present work highlight the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach based on freely available data to studying landslides in remote Arctic areas under difficult logistical field conditions and demonstrates the importance of identifying minor precursor events to identify areas of future hazard.
Flood hazard and change impact assessments may profit from rethinking model calibration strategies
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Melsen Lieke A. , Wood Andrew W. , Rakovec Oldrich , Mizukami Naoki , Knoben Wouter J. M. , Clark Martyn P.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Floods cause large damages, especially if they affect large regions. Assessments of current, local and regional flood hazards and their future changes often involve the use of hydrologic models. However, uncertainties in simulated floods can be considerable and yield unreliable hazard and climate change impact assessments. A reliable hydrologic model ideally reproduces both local flood characteristics and spatial aspects of flooding, which is, however, not guaranteed especially when using standard model calibration metrics. In this paper we investigate how flood timing, magnitude and spatial variability are represented by an ensemble of hydrological models when calibrated on streamflow using the Kling–Gupta efficiency metric, an increasingly common metric of hydrologic model performance. We compare how four well-known models (SAC, HBV, VIC, and mHM) represent (1) flood characteristics and their spatial patterns; and (2) how they translate changes in meteorologic variables that trigger floods into changes in flood magnitudes. Our results show that both the modeling of local and spatial flood characteristics is challenging. They further show that changes in precipitation and temperature are not necessarily well translated to changes in flood flow, which makes local and regional flood hazard assessments even more difficult for future conditions. We conclude that models calibrated on integrated metrics such as the Kling–Gupta efficiency alone have limited reliability in flood hazard assessments, in particular in regional and future assessments, and suggest the development of alternative process-based and spatial evaluation metrics.
Minute-scale power forecast of offshore wind turbines using single-Doppler
long-range lidar measurements
Authors: Theuer Frauke , van Dooren Marijn Floris , von Bremen Lueder , Kühn Martin
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Decreasing gate closure times on the electricity stock exchange market and the rising share of renewables in today's energy system cause an increasing demand for very short-term power forecasts. While the potential of dual-Doppler radar data for that purpose was recently shown, the utilisation of single-Doppler lidar measurements needs to be explored further to make remote sensing-based very short-term forecasts more feasible for offshore sites. The aim of this work was to develop a lidar-based forecasting methodology, which addresses a lidar's comparatively low scanning speed. We developed a lidar-based forecast methodology using horizontal plan position indicator (PPI) lidar scans. It comprises a filtering methodology to recover data at far ranges, a wind field reconstruction, a time synchronisation to account for time shifts within the lidar scans and a wind speed extrapolation to hub height. Applying the methodology to seven free-flow turbines in the offshore wind farm Global Tech I revealed the model's ability to outperform the benchmark persistence during unstable stratification, in terms of deterministic as well as probabilistic scores. The performance during stable and neutral situations was significantly lower, which we attribute mainly to errors in the extrapolation of wind speed to hub height.
Racial Ideologies, State Bureaucracy, and Decolonization in Bolivia
Authors: Bohrt Marcelo A.
Published: May 2020

Race has shaped the development of the Bolivian state and its institutions albeit with important transformations in the social and political meaning of race. This paper discusses the racialization of the central state bureaucracy in Bolivia along these two dimensions: the distribution of bureaucratic resources and the assumptions and meanings that underpin bureaucratic hierarchy and spaces. It first discusses the relationship between the modern state and the concept of race, and conceptualizes the ethnoracial bureaucracy as a material and symbolic structure. Next, it examines the composition of the public administration sector overall and across the bureaucratic hierarchy in 2001, before the MAS-IPSP’s rise to power. Last, it surveys the narratives of race and nation that Creole and white-mestizo state elites historically mobilized in demarcating the boundaries of state power around whiteness. In contemporary Bolivia, the production of alternative official narratives of race and nation seeks to blur the boundary between indigeneity and statecraft (re)produced since the early republican period, and to legitimize the changing ethnoracial composition of the bureaucracy. The durability of the project is not guaranteed as the sediment of history and competing political projects weighs heavy on this process of transformation and negotiation.
Del "Yemboaty" a la autonomía: El trabajo de Xavier Albó con los Guaraní del Chaco Boliviano
Authors: Postero Nancy
Published: May 2020

Este artículo analiza el trabajo de Xavier Albó con los guaraní del Chaco boliviano, enfocándose en textos icónicos durante tres momentos importantes de la historia guaraní. Sostengo que al documentar las estructuras de la economía política y la historia bajo las cuales han vivido  los guaraní, al igual que sus recursos culturales, el trabajo de Albó contribuye a los debates actuales en antropología sobre la naturaleza construida, fluida y dinámica de la identidad cultural y su relación con el poder y la dominación. Su trabajo académico comprometido estableción las bases para un conocimiento que contribuyó con propuestas concretas para el cambio político, a las que llamo “construcción de mundos,” basadas en nociones de autonomía y auto-determinación culturalmente significativas. Hoy en día, el trabajo de Albó sirve como un valioso modelo de investigación académica comprometida.
Xavier Albó, genio y figura…
Authors: Ruiz Carmen Beatriz
Published: May 2020

[Esto es un testimonio personal y por tanto no tiene Resumen]
Las lecciones de Xavier Albó
Authors: Velásquez Nimatuj Irma Alicia
Published: May 2020

[Esto es un testimonio personal y por tanto no tiene Resumen]
Cholo Politics and Urban Indigenous Self-Fashioning in Bolivia
Authors: Albro Robert
Published: May 2020

This article reviews recent ethnographic approaches to indigeneity in Bolivia from the global north. It examines some consequences of ethnographic choices to treat indigeneity as primarily a political challenge of power and inclusion, where indigenous identity is understood to be most characteristically expressed in collective terms or through social mobilization. At the same time, it also assesses a complementary ethnographic focus upon legacies of neoliberalism, as a major context for situating contemporary indigenous projects in Bolivia, specifically, ethnographic contrasts drawn between political indigeneity and the liberal subject. Finally, this article offers an account of indigenous sense-making for the urban landscape of Quillacollo and explores the relevance of indigenous claims as integral to that small city’s “cholo politics,” and as an alternative means of understanding the construction of indigenous subjects.
Bolivia’s TIPNIS Road Conflict through the Lens of Xavier Albó’s Writings
Authors: Healy Kevin
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the writings by Bolivian anthropologist/linguist Xavier Albó in relation to the widely publicized TIPNIS (Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro Sécure) road conflict in Bolivia’s Amazon basin. The first part of this paper provides a brief historical review of the emergence of TIPNIS beginning with 1990’s territorial rights march through its most recent related protest march in 2011 and its related ongoing controversies and conflicts. This background section provides the context for a discussion of selected Albó writings as contributions to the debates surrounding TIPNIS. His writing examines the multiple problematic impacts of TIPNIS as a controversial infrastructural project for its various environmental, indigenous rights, developmental, and coca-cocaine related issues and dimensions. The paper argues that a continuing concern throughout Albó’s writing on TIPNIS is the importance of the struggle for indigenous political unity as a necessary foundation for the effective operations of Bolivia’s innovative plurinational state.
Preliminary Pages / Páginas preliminares
Authors: Mantilla Martha E.
Published: May 2020

.
Preface
Authors: Vilanova Núria
Published: May 2020

[This is a Preface and therefore has no Abstract]
Bolivia: Assessing the (now Rapidly Evolving) Contemporary Social and Political Landscape
Authors: Albro Robert , Vilanova Núria
Published: May 2020

[This is an Introduction by the invited editors and therefore has no Abstract]
Suma qamaña = convivir bien. ¿Cómo medirlo?
Authors: Albó Xavier
Published: May 2020

En la Constitución Política del Estado, vigente en Bolivia desde 2009, se reitera el concepto de “vivir bien” ya en su Preámbulo y en su Título I al señalar los grandes “principios ético-morales de la sociedad plural” (art. 8). Lo encontramos de nuevo también en otros temas como el educativo (art. 80) y el económico (art. 306, 313). ¿Qué está detrás de tal concepto? Lo exploraré de una manera gradual y cada vez más expansiva, primero en términos puramente lingüísticos y después en un ámbito más amplio, como la lógica común a muchos pueblos indígenas y originarios, contrapuesta a la de las sociedades y poderes dominantes. Al final esbozaré algunas pistas para poder plasmar este concepto en indicadores más medibles.
Call for Papers
Authors: Monasterios Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

.
Las fronteras de la COVID-19: ¿escenario de guerra o camino de
Authors: Aponte Motta Jorge , Kramsch Olivier Thomas
Published: May 2020

Partiendo desde de la cotidianidad de las condiciones vitales que marcan nuestros encierros, sugerimos un diálogo virtual transatlántico sobre la evolución de la pandemia de COVID-19. El objetivo es doble. Por un lado, examinar las transformaciones que está generando tanto en la sociedad como en las formas Estado nacionales de organización política en Europa y América Latina. Por otro, discutir cómo este escenario incide decididamente en las formas como entenderemos las fronteras y abordaremos su estudio en la postpandemia.
COVID-19 between Global Human Security and Ramping Authoritar-ian Nationalisms
Authors: Milani Carlos R. S.
Published: May 2020

Like other transnational threats such as climate change, the extinction of biological species, SARS or Ebola, the current COVID-19 confronts the modern utopia of rigid borders between nations and contemporary finance-led neoliberal economic models. Acknowledging the complexity of COVID-19’s root causes, this paper builds on the contradictions between science, expertise and policy in the definition of global human security, and sketches five possible future international scenarios. I argue that in the aftermath of the pandemic any sort of future global, regional and state regulation will need to consider transnational threats not only to ensure the security of individuals, but also to guarantee the long-standing durability of the biosphere as a life-supporting system. To uphold this argument, I develop three sections: (i) the nature of the threat; (ii) the geopolitical tensions that COVID-19 heightens; and (iii) possible future scenarios.
Geopolítica popular del coronavirus: el poder de las viñetas editoriales de la prensa diaria
Authors: Cairo Heriberto
Published: May 2020

Las viñetas editoriales de los periódicos son un campo de disputa del discurso sobre la pandemia y las representaciones geopolíticas asociadas a la misma. A través de dos casos se pretenden analizar estos discursos y representaciones. El primero se ocupa de mostrar las miradas geopolíticas cruzadas a partir de viñetas aparecidas en periódicos europeos que fueron consideradas ofensivas por el gobierno de la República Popular China y las viñetas de “respuesta” en la prensa china. El segundo se va a ocupar de la representación de la pandemia del COVID-19 en las viñetas de un dibujante muy conocido que publica diariamente en la prensa española con una mirada geopolítica crítica.
Biblical Etymology of Tabernacle and Altar
Authors: Du James Xianxing
Published: May 2020

Regarding the linguistic origin, Genesis claims that ancient languages were divinely created and diversified. In consistence, this testimony presents systematic evidence of biblical etymology related to tabernacle and altar in numerous words. The biblical etymology of time and season is also presented. These support a crucial discovery in human civilization that Bible is the definitive dictionary of etymology for languages.
Evaluación de plaguicidas para el manejo de plagas del café Coffea arabica L. en Jinotega, Nicaragua
Authors: Matus Miranda María Nohelia , Jiménez-Martínez Edgardo
Published: May 2020

El café (Coffea arabica L.) es de mucha importancia para Nicaragua, tanto económica, como social y ambiental, representando aproximadamente el 25% de las exportaciones. La caficultura es considerada una de las principales fuentes de empleo, alcanzando 63% en las zonas rurales y alrededor del 14% a nivel nacional. El cultivo de café es vulnerable a plagas artrópodas y agentes microbiológicos que afectan hojas, tallos, raíces y frutos, causando pérdidas en los rendimientos. La broca del fruto del café (Hypothenemus hampei, Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) es el principal insecto plaga del café en el país por su daño causado y los elevados costos económicos destinados en su manejo. Siguiendo en importancia, la cochinilla (Planococcus spp) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), que infesta brotes foliares y florales, en infestaciones severas, causa amarillamiento de hojas, marchitamiento de yemas y aborto de frutos. Finalmente, las escamas (Coccus viridis, Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), insectos con amplio rango de distribución y abundantes en época seca, causan pérdidas por vigor, enanismo y reducción del número de frutos por planta. Este estudio, tuvo el propósito de contribuir al manejo de plagas del café a través de la evaluación de insecticidas químicos, botánicos y biológicos. Las variables evaluadas fueron, número de frutos brocados y número de escamas y cochinillas por planta. Los resultados indican que los mejores insecticidas para el manejo de broca del café, escamas y cochinillas fueron Galil seguido de Cormoran y Ecobiol, los cuales fueron, además, los tratamientos más rentables
COMPETÊNCIA SIMBÓLICA E POESIA AFRO-ALEMÃ: REFLEXÕES PARA UMA PERSPECTIVA TRANSLÍNGUE NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE ALEMÃO
Authors: De Freitas Alessandra
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo articular a noção de competência simbólica como uma possibilidade de prática translíngue nos cursos de graduação de Letras-Alemão com base na utilização de poemas afro-alemães. Para tanto, o conceito de Translinguagem (GARCÍA; WEI, 2014; WEI, 2017) é apresentado, os principais aspectos da noção de competência simbólica (KRAMSCH, 2006; 2009a; 2011a; 2011b; KRAMSCH; WHITESIDE, 2008) são abordados e é oferecido um breve panorama do surgimento da literatura afro-alemã. A partir disso, o poema “die zeitdanach” (o tempo por vir) da pedagoga, ativista e poeta afro-alemã May Ayim é analisado como exemplo e então sua utilização para o contexto de formação de professores é discutida. A partir da análise busca-se demonstrar como poema oferece subsídios para se trabalhar a competência simbólica e pode servir como ponto de partida para sensibilizar os estudantes para o desenvolvimento de uma consciência linguística, histórica, social e política.
The Holocaust as a Lifelong Nightmare: Posttraumatic Symptoms and Dream Content in Polish Auschwitz Survivors 30 Years After World War II
Authors: Bergman Monica , MacGregor Oskar , Olkoniemi Henri , Owczarski Wojciech , Revonsuo Antti , Valli Katja
Published: May 2020

Posttraumatic symptoms, including nightmares, are more prevalent in World War II survivors than in the general population, but how war experiences have affected subsequent dream content in specific survivor populations remains less explored. In the present study, we used self-reports collected in 1973 from Polish Auschwitz survivors (N = 150; 45 women) to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic symptoms, classified according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, we classified main themes, central emotions, and threatening events in the dreams (N = 632) of the survivors, comparing dreams recalled from before, during, and after the war. Of the respondents, 12.7% described experiencing all diagnostic criteria for PTSD. War-related themes were less common in dreams dreamt before than during the war but were most common after the war. Themes related to family and freedom were most likely to appear in dreams dreamt during than before or after the war. The most often occurring emotion was fear, and dreams from after the war were likely to contain more negative and less positive emotions than dreams dreamt during the war. The likelihoods of reporting threatening events and threats involving aggression were higher in dreams dreamt during than before the war and in dreams dreamt after than during the war. In conclusion, PTSD symptoms were common in Polish Auschwitz survivors 30 years after World War II, and the themes, emotions, and threatening events in their dreams seem to reflect lifelong posttraumatic dreaming. We interpret the results as lending support for the threat simulation theory of dreaming.
Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining: The Positive Effect of Fearful Attachment State on Creative Idea Generation
Authors: Seo Seong-Jee , Kim Ye Kang , Lee Sujin
Published: May 2020

As task situations across settings become more competitive and threatening, people face greater challenges in being creative amid these increasingly unfavorable conditions. We used the state-based attachment perspective and a gain/loss frame analysis to examine the temporary attachment state that leads to creative idea generation in a threatening task situation. Experimental data supported our hypothesis that full-time workers primed to have a temporary fearful (vs. secure) attachment state would generate more creative ideas related to a loss-framed task, but not in the context of a gain frame. We discuss potential mechanisms explaining the fearful attachment state’s positive effect on creativity in a threatening task context.
Redefining the Congruity Effect in Comparative Judgments: A Review of the Theories and a Further Test
Authors: Jou Jerwen , Matos Maria Sevilla , Martinez Mikayla A. , Sierra Francisco J. , Guzman Clair , Hut Amanda R.
Published: May 2020

This article reviews major theories about the congruity effect (CE) in comparative judgments and reports 2 experiments further testing a newly proposed theory. The congruity effect is the phenomenon that in a comparative judgment, when the comparative in the instruction (“choose larger” or “choose smaller”) matches the magnitude of the 2 items being compared (“choose larger” when the two items are large, “choose smaller” when the two items are small), the choice is faster than when they mismatch. For four decades this has been the belief of researchers. A recent study (Jou, Escamilla, Torres, Ortiz, & Salazar, 2018) has shown that the instruction comparative plays no necessary role in generating the congruity effect. Instead, the item closer to the end of a continuum of an attribute tends to be retrieved from memory faster than the item farther from an end regardless of whether there is an instruction. The assumptions of the newly proposed theory, called the serial position–based distinctiveness account, were further tested in this study. The test results were affirmative. They showed that the congruity effect comes from the serial position–based distinctiveness of the items, and thus the decades-old misunderstanding of the role of the instruction in producing the CE is corrected.
On importance of new group therapy for decrease of agitation during the critical period of nursing shift changes on an acute psychiatric inpatient floor
Authors: Leontieva Luba , Safadi Sally , Jain Pratik , Tabi Sarah , Roe Cheryl , Empey Derek
Published: May 2020

Background: Agitation is a significant challenge to mental healthcare. This project aims to examine the effects of implementing an interactive mental flexibility group to decrease incidences of agitation in the inpatient psychiatric population during nursing shift change.Methods: This observational study, conducted on the acute inpatient psychiatric unit of an academic hospital in Central NY, USA. This 23-bed unit admits psychiatric patients from the E.D. and local hospitals. The art-based interactive group was implemented during the critical period of nursing shift change, which is known for having an increased agitation due to caregiver changes. We tracked group attendance, incidences of agitation, and as-needed medication administration for agitation. We administered a Likert-type scale to rate emotions before and after each session.Results: We observed a dramatic decrease in as needed medications for agitation 1 month prior to group (n = 576) compared to 3 months during group (n = 120). The new group constitutes a significant decrease in agitation incidents. Patients indicated an increase in happiness (mean = 0.46, SD = 0.978), decrease in sadness (mean = 0.44, SD = 1.078), and decrease in anger (mean = 1.15, SD = 1.984).Conclusions: Our project indicates that the patients and staff well receive interactive group sessions in an acute psychiatric unit. The group sessions helped to decrease agitation and medication administration.Future directions: We recommend the utilization of interactive mental flexibility groups on acute psychiatric units to promote emotional regulation, especially during nursing shift change.
Bezoek in Nederlandse gevangenissen
Authors: Berghuis Maria , Palmen Hanneke , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: May 2020

Visitation in Dutch Prisons: the current state of affairs

Prison visitation is important for protecting against social isolation during imprisonment. It is also essential for maintaining contacts that are important for life in prison and after release. It is therefore not surprising that both nationally and internationally important policy measures and scientific research have been undertaken on the topic. Nationally, however, limited scientific research is available regarding how many, how often and from whom prisoners receive visits, how visits are experienced and the possible effects of visitation, thus leaving many questions unanswered. Meanwhile, in the past ten years great changes have been made to visitation in Dutch prison policy and practice. Given these recent developments, both scientists and practitioners could benefit from an overview of the current state of affairs of visitation. This article aims to bridge the gap between research, policy and practice by summarizing findings from the Life in Custody study. This study includes a description of how visitation is organized legally, at the policy level and in practice, a thorough review of prior research on visitation and an analysis of the most recent national data on the prevalence and frequency of visitation, while considering important differences between prisoners and prisons.
Transition region based approach for skin lesion segmentation
Authors: Parida Priyadarsan , Rout Ranjita
Published: May 2020

Skin melanoma is a skin disease that affects nearly 40% of people globally. Manual detection of the area is a time-consuming process and requires expert knowledge. The application of computer vision techniques can simplify this. In this article, a novel unsupervised transition region based approach for skin lesion segmentation for melanoma detection is proposed. The method starts with Gaussian blurring of the green channel dermoscopic image. Further, the transition region is extracted using local variance features and a global thresholding operation. It achieves the region of interest (binary mask) using various morphological operations. Finally, the melanoma regions are segregated from normal skin regions using the binary mask. The proposed method is tested using DermQuest dataset along with ISIC 2017 dataset and it achieves better results as compared to other state of art methods in effectively segmenting the melanoma regions from the normal skin regions.
La influencia diferencial de las redes sociales en la participación social de mujeres y varones
Authors: Dávila de León María Celeste , Zlobina Anna , Álvarez Hernández Gloria
Published: May 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar el perfil de las redes personales de mujeres y varones en cuanto a la participación social de sus contactos, y el diferente papel que pueden tener sus contactos débiles y fuertes a la hora de explicar la intención de desarrollar diversas formas de participación social. A través de una encuesta on-line 263 estudiantes universitarios actualmente no involucrados en ninguna forma de participación social estimaron la probabilidad de su futura implicación en ciertos tipos de participación social y aportaron el número aproximado de familiares, amigos y conocidos que desarrollaban cada tipo. Esta última información fue utilizada para calcular el grado de centralidad de los sujetos en sus redes sociales considerando los vínculos fuertes y débiles. Los análisis llevados a cabo confirman que mujeres y varones presentan diferencias en sus redes sociales. Sólo los vínculos débiles son predictores significativos de la intención de desarrollar la participación, pero hay diferencias por tipo de participación social y por género. La influencia de los vínculos sociales es significativa si el tipo de participación social se ajusta al estereotipo de rol de género. Se discuten los resultados a la luz de la aproximación focus norm y la influencia social normativa.