bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alkyl lithium-catalyzed benzylic C–H bond addition of alkyl pyridines to α-alkenes
Authors: Luo Yan-Long , Liu Yu-Feng , Guan Bing-Tao
Published: August 2020

The alkyl lithium catalyst successfully achieved the benzylic C–H bond addition of alkyl pyridines to α-alkenes, and displayed distinct selectivity from those of transition metal catalysts.
A novel coumarin-chitosan fluorescent hydrogel for the selective identification of Fe2+in aqueous systems
Authors: Xiong Shuangyu , Duan Lian , Cheng Xinjian
Published: August 2020

Functional fluorescent hydrogels were synthesized, and they can detect and adsorb Fe2+in aqueous solution.
Parameter control and property analysis in the preparation of platinum iodide nanocolloids through the electrical spark discharge method
Authors: Tseng Kuo-Hsiung , Lin Zih-Yuan , Chung Meng-Yun , Tien Der-Chi , Stobinski Leszek
Published: August 2020

This study employed the electrical spark discharge method to prepare platinum iodide nanocolloids at normal temperature and pressure.
Two-dimensional graphene–HfS2 van der Waals heterostructure as electrode material for alkali-ion batteries
Authors: King'ori Gladys W. , Ouma Cecil N. M. , Mishra Abhishek K. , Amolo George O. , Makau Nicholas W.
Published: August 2020

A high rate capacity, moderate volume expansion and energetically stable alkali ion graphene–HfS2 electrode material.
Electrochemical performance of nano-sized LiFePO4-embedded 3D-cubic ordered mesoporous carbon and nitrogenous carbon composites
Authors: Khan Sourav , Raj Rayappan Pavul , Rama Mohan Talla Venkata , Selvam Parasuraman
Published: August 2020

Nano-sized LiFePO4-embedded nitrogenous ordered mesoporous carbon composite cathode facilitate electronic conductivity and significantly enhances Li-ion diffusion and retains 97% of the initial discharge capacity at 1C rate even after 100 cycles.
The mechanical, electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional honeycomb-like of XSb (X = Si, Ge, Sn) monolayers: a first-principles calculations
Authors: Bafekry Asadollah , Shojai Fazel , Hoat Doh M. , Shahrokhi Masoud , Ghergherehchi Mitra , Nguyen C.
Published: August 2020

Herein, by using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) of XSb (X = Si, Ge, and Sn) monolayers that have a honey-like crystal structure.
Correction: Recent advances in low oxidation state aluminium chemistry
Authors: Hobson Katie , Carmalt Claire J. , Bakewell Clare
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘Recent advances in low oxidation state aluminium chemistry’ by Katie Hobson et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02686g.
Colloidal assembly of polydisperse particle blends during drying
Authors: Dong Yichen , Busatto Nicolas , Roth Peter J. , Martin-Fabiani Ignacio
Published: August 2020

Polydisperse particle blends hold great potential for controlling size segregation during drying when varying evaporation rate.
Electrohydrodynamics of droplets and jets in multiphase microsystems
Authors: Qi Cheng , Li Yao , Liu Zhou , Kong Tiantian
Published: August 2020

Electrohydrodynamics is among the most promising techniques for manipulating liquids in microsystems.
Correction: A cerium-based MOFzyme with multi-enzyme-like activity for the disruption and inhibition of fungal recolonization
Authors: Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Mahmoud Ghada Abd-Elmonsef , Sharmoukh Walid
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘A cerium-based MOFzyme with multi-enzyme-like activity for the disruption and inhibition of fungal recolonization’ by Hani Nasser Abdelhamid et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00894j.
Submucous Cleft Palate: Evaluation and Treatment Principles for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Schenck Graham C.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This clinical focus article intends to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with a review of the literature and practical recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of individuals with submucous cleft palate (SMCP).

Method

A review of the literature focused on definition, incidence, and diagnostic recommendations for SMCP was completed. Descriptions of physical and auditory–perceptual features common during evaluation were described in detail. Guiding principles for clinical management related to surgery and/or speech therapy were provided.

Results

Several discrepancies in the definition, incidence, and outcomes across SMCP studies were discovered in the literature. The importance of a comprehensive perceptual evaluation, including an oral mechanism examination by an SLP trained in the assessment of individuals with craniofacial anomalies, was emphasized.

Conclusions

SMCP is a less understood subtype of cleft palate that presents a unique challenge for clinicians. A trained SLP's comprehensive perceptual evaluation and thorough oral mechanism examination are critical for diagnosis and treatment. SLPs can promote best practice for this population by initiating referrals to an accredited cleft palate–craniofacial team for further evaluation of their speech and assessment of surgical candidacy.
The Perception and Use of High-Frequency Speech Energy: Clinical and Research Implications
Authors: Boyd-Pratt Helen A. , Donai Jeremy J.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

High-frequency speech energy (above approximately 4–5 kHz) is garnering substantial research attention. This review surveys recent evidence surrounding the presence and use of perceptual information in the high-frequency region. Additionally, clinical and research applications relevant to speech, language, and hearing professionals are discussed.

Method

Five databases were used during the search (Medline, CINAHL, WorldCat, ERIC, and Google Scholar). Criteria for study inclusion included (a) peer review, (b) utilization of high-frequency energy (above approximately 4 kHz) during the experimental tasks, and (c) were published from 2014 to present. Fifty-seven articles were included for review, and after further inspection, 13 met the inclusion criteria and were retained.

Results

Thirteen peer-reviewed studies provided evidence to support the supposition that important and useable acoustic cues exist in the high-frequency portion of the speech spectrum.

Conclusions

Considering the evidence discussed in this document, it is apparent that the high-frequency region contains additional perceptual cues than currently assumed. Specifically, acoustic cues regarding segmental information (vowel and consonant identification), individual speaker identity, and speaker sex are available for use by human listeners and automated machine recognition systems. Additionally, the high-frequency speech region may reduce listening effort and improve speech recognition in noisy listening conditions, particularly when the speech and noise are spatially separated. Therefore, clinicians and researchers should be aware of this information, which can inform clinical practice when fitting amplification devices for various clinical populations and experimental research for speech and hearing scientists.
The dynamical evolution of close-in binary systems formed by a super-Earth and its host star
Authors: Luna S. H. , Navone H. D. , Melita M. D.
Published: August 2020

Aims. The aim of this work is to develop a formalism for the study of the secular evolution of a binary system which includes interaction due to the tides that each body imparts on the other. We also consider the influence of the J2-related secular terms on the orbital evolution and the torque, caused by the triaxiality, on the rotational evolution, both of which are associated only to one of the bodies. We apply these set of equations to the study of the orbital and rotational evolution of a binary system composed of a rocky planet and its host star in order to characterize the dynamical evolution at work, particularly near spin-orbit resonances.

Methods. We used the equations of motion that give the time evolution of the orbital elements and the spin rates of each body to study the dynamical evolution of the Kepler-21 system as an example of how the formalism that we have developed can be applied.

Results. We obtained a set of equations of motion without singularities for vanishing eccentricities and inclinations. This set gives, on one hand, the time evolution of the orbital elements due to the tidal potentials generated by both members of the system as well as the oblateness of one of them. On the other hand, it gives the time evolution of the stellar spin rate due to the corresponding tidal torque and of the planet’s rotation angle due to both the tidal and triaxiality-induced torques. We found that for the parameters and the initial conditions explored here, the tidally and triaxiality-induced modifications of the tidal modes can be more significative than expected and that the time of tidal synchronization strongly depends on the values of the rheological parameters.
KiDS+GAMA: The weak lensing calibrated stellar-to-halo mass relation of central and satellite galaxies
Authors: Dvornik Andrej , Hoekstra Henk , Kuijken Konrad , Wright Angus H. , Asgari Marika , Bilicki Maciej , Erben Thomas , Giblin Benjamin , Graham Alister W. , Heymans Catherine , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Hopkins Andrew M. , Kannawadi Arun , Lin Chieh-An , Taylor Edward N. , Tröster Tilman
Published: August 2020

We simultaneously present constraints on the stellar-to-halo mass relation for central and satellite galaxies through a weak lensing analysis of spectroscopically classified galaxies. Using overlapping data from the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey (GAMA), we find that satellite galaxies are hosted by halo masses that are 0.53 ± 0.39 dex (68% confidence, 3σ detection) smaller than those of central galaxies of the same stellar mass (for a stellar mass of log(M⋆/M⊙) = 10.6). This is consistent with galaxy formation models, whereby infalling satellite galaxies are preferentially stripped of their dark matter. We find consistent results with similar uncertainties when comparing constraints from a standard azimuthally averaged galaxy-galaxy lensing analysis and a two-dimensional likelihood analysis of the full shear field. As the latter approach is somewhat biased due to the lens incompleteness and as it does not provide any improvement to the precision when applied to actual data, we conclude that stacked tangential shear measurements are best-suited for studies of the galaxy-halo connection.
À propos de l’ouvrage d’Alain Pavé Comprendre la biodiversité. Vrais problèmes et idées fausses
Authors: Blondel Jacques
Published: August 2020

L’objet du livre d’Alain Pavé, Comprendre la biodiversité. Vrais problèmes et idées fausses, paru en 2019 au Seuil, est de retracer l’histoire du concept de biodiversité qui exprime et concrétise l’inquiétude que suscite son déclin. Son propos est d’examiner comment ce terme polysémique est utilisé, parfois à tort et à travers, étant précisé que le concept intéresse à la fois les sciences de la nature et les sciences de l’homme et de la société dans un souci d’étude, de valorisation et de partage des avantages procurés aux sociétés par la biodiversité.

Construit en huit chapitres, l’ouvrage part d’exemples et d’expériences, développe la question des inventaires de biodiversité et des méthodes et métriques utilisées pour la qualifier et la quantifier. L’évolution de la biodiversité au cours des 600 derniers millions d’années est abordée à partir de la phylogénétique moléculaire et le rôle du hasard dans les variations de biodiversité globale est souligné. Quant à la projection dans le futur, elle est abordée par une réflexion critique sur l’existence même d’un déclin de la biodiversité. La manière dont les écologues parlent de la biodiversité, l’étudient et prétendent la conserver est l’objet d’une sévère remise en cause de la démarche scientifique actuelle. D’où la nécessité d’une reconstruction de l’écologie scientifique, y compris dans le domaine de la conservation jugée pratiquée d’une façon passéiste, voire fixiste. Puis l’auteur revient sur le thème de la modélisation qui permet d’intégrer le hasard dans la compréhension de l’évolution des systèmes biologiques.

L’ouvrage propose une lecture très personnelle du concept de biodiversité et dénonce le catastrophisme ambiant qui se nourrit d’affirmations jugées péremptoires et trop pessimistes, y compris quand on parle d’une 6e crise d’extinction de masse dont la réalité est contestée. Mais il est loin de faire justice d’une immense littérature qui traduit le dynamisme de la recherche en écologie et évolution. Cette très faible pénétration dans la littérature entraîne souvent le discours dans des considérations naïves et dépassées sur des concepts fondateurs de l’écologie. L’ouvrage paraît être victime du syndrome, bien connu des philosophes des sciences, de la fascination du chercheur pour son outil de travail et la culture de l’effet que ses écrits produisent dans le « grand cirque de la science ». Partielle et partiale, la bibliographie ne fait pratiquement jamais appel aux milliers d’articles publiés chaque année par des milliers d’auteurs dans les grandes revues internationales, y compris celles qui font périodiquement le point sur l’état des connaissances sur ces questions.
ICD-11: Welche Auswirkungen auf die Rehabilitation von Menschen mit
Abhängigkeitserkrankungen sind zu erwarten?
Authors: Schulte Ariane
Published: August 2020

In der im Mai 2019 verabschiedeten 11. Revision der Internationalen
Classification of Diseases (ICD) wurde das Kapitel der
Abhängigkeitserkrankungen grundlegend überarbeitet.
Indikationsgruppen mit neuen Substanzen wurden hinzugefügt. Die
Subkategorien, welche verschiedene Schweregrade und unterschiedliche klinische
Erscheinungsformen substanzbezogener Störungen beschreiben, sind weitaus
detaillierter dargestellt als in der ICD-10. Dabei wurde die Unterscheidung
zwischen Abhängigkeit und schädlichem Gebrauch beibehalten. Das
pathologische Spielen und der pathologische Computerspiel- und Internetgebrauch
wurden als abhängige Verhaltensstörungen in das Kapitel der
Abhängigkeitserkrankungen aufgenommen. Die Deutsche Rentenversicherung
ist ein wichtiger Leistungsträger für die Rehabilitation von
Menschen mit Abhängigkeitserkrankungen. Auswirkungen der beschriebenen
Veränderungen auf die Bewilligungspraxis, die Rehabilitationskonzepte,
die Leistungsformen oder die Rehabilitationszeiten sind nicht zu erwarten.
ICD-11/DSM-5: Entwicklungen und Änderungen bei
Alkohol- und Substanzbezogenen Störungen
Authors: Preuss Ulrich W. , Hoch Eva , Wong Jessica Wei Mooi
Published: August 2020

Die derzeitig gültigen ICD-10 Kriterien für alkohol- und
substanzbezogene Abhängigkeit und schädlichen Gebrauch sind
seit 1994 gültig. Ziel dieses Reviews ist es, die psychometrischen
Eigenschaften Reliabilität der ICD-10 Diagnosen sowie einzelner
Diagnosekriterien zu zeigen und ihre Konvergenz mit DSM-IV Diagnosen
abzugleichen. Darüber hinaus werden die Hintergründe
für die Entwicklung von ICD-11 und DSM-5 präsentiert und die
Konvergenz zwischen diesen Diagnosesystemen (DSM-IV/5 mit
ICD-10/11) berichtet. Die Vor- und Nachteile der Entwicklung von
ICD- und DSM-Konzepten und deren Konvergenz werden kritisch diskutiert.
Homoeopathy for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Narrative Review of Research Evidence
Authors: Dutta Abhijit , Sehrawat Nisha
Published: August 2020

Background Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide, especially in the paediatric age group. Conventional medications have a minimal role in treating and preventing those diseases and an alternative for this is warranted. In this regard, homoeopathy can be a proper consideration, but the comparative effect and safety need critical evaluation.

Methods To evaluate the role of homoeopathic treatment in URTI, particularly in children, we conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Core-Hom, Cochrane library and Cam-quest database. All the relevant studies were included for a critical review.

Results One-hundred forty articles were found in a preliminary search, and for review, we included 17 studies related to URTI in paediatric age group. All the studies were very diverse in the methodology, type of homoeopathy used and outcome measurement. Different types of homoeopathy in terms of individualised, complex syrup and home-medication were used in studies. Fourteen studies reported the role of homoeopathy in reducing the severity of symptoms, efficacy beyond placebo, superiority or non-inferiority over conventional medications, in lowering the consumption of antibiotics and as prophylaxis. On the other hand, three studies found little or no effect in reducing symptoms or number of visits.

Conclusions Homoeopathic treatment improves the symptoms and reduces the severity of URTI in the paediatric age group. It can be an effective and safe way of treatment for reducing the burden of the disease, thus improving the quality of life. Owing to the diversity among the studies, more high-quality trials with focused questions are needed for further conclusion.
Graphene used as a sensing material in harsh environments
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: August 2020

Transfer-free technique is used to develop a graphene-based sensor with high resiliency in extreme environments.
Experimental demonstration of the reduced expansion of a laser-heated surface using a low density foam layer, pertaining to advanced hohlraum designs with less wall-motion
Authors: Moore A. S. , Meezan N. B. , Thomas C. A. , Bhandarkar S. D. , Divol L. , Izumi N. , Nikroo A. , Baumann T. F. , Rubery M. S. , Williams J. , Alfonso N. , Landen O. L. , Hsing W. W. , Moody J. D.
Published: August 2020

The ablative expansion of laser-heated materials is important for determining how hohlraum cavities can be utilized for inertial confinement fusion. The utility of a low-density foam layer to reduce the density of the expanding heated hohlraum wall is demonstrated in a series of experiments on the National Ignition Facility. X-ray radiography measurements of the expanding foam-lined Au wall in low aspect-ratio cylindrical geometry are used to compare the impact of Au-doped CH and Ta2O5 foams between 10 and 40 mg/cc on the wall expansion. HYDRA Simulations are used to estimate the x-ray transmission at the 1/4 nc surface, which is important in understanding the absorption of laser light by the plasma. These demonstrate for the first time that a foam layer reduces the expansion of a hohlraum-like target and illustrate that the interplay between the expanding foam plasma and the shock reflected by the hohlraum wall is critical in optimizing foam-liner parameters to achieve the maximum time for a symmetric drive on a capsule.
High gain and high ultraviolet/visible rejection ratio photodetectors using p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on Si
Authors: Lyu Qifeng , Jiang Huaxing , Lau Kei May
Published: August 2020

We report high performance ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) based on p-GaN-gated AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on silicon substrates. Benefitting from the high electrical gain resulting from the transistor-like operation of the device, a photocurrent as high as 4.8 mA/mm was achieved with UV illumination. Due to the effective depletion of the two-dimensional electron gas at the AlGaN/GaN heterointerface via a p-GaN optical gate, the dark current was suppressed to below 3 × 10−8 mA/mm. A high photo-to-dark current ratio over 108 and a high responsivity of 2 × 104 A/W were demonstrated in the device. Moreover, with a cutoff wavelength of 395 nm, the PDs exhibited an ultrahigh UV-to-visible rejection ratio of over 107. Limited by a persistent photoconductivity effect, the rise time and fall time of the device frequency response were measured to be 12.2 ms and 8.9 ms, respectively. The results suggest the potential of the proposed PDs for high-sensitivity UV detection.
Development of eco-sustainable plasters with thermal energy storage capability
Authors: Valentini Francesco , Morandini Francesco , Bergamo Massimo , Dorigato Andrea
Published: August 2020

In order to limit the energy demand of buildings, a possible strategy consists in the storage of thermal energy using phase change materials (PCMs). In this work, an innovative PCM-enhanced plaster, fully formulated by using materials coming from natural resources, was developed. The PCM (i.e., a biodegradable material from agricultural resources having a melting temperature of 23 °C) was shape-stabilized with a direct absorption method by using a proper combination of different inorganic powders, taking into account also the final cost of the product and the processability issues. The most important physical properties of the plaster were then investigated following the European standards and compared with those of a natural hydraulic lime commercial plaster. The optimized PCM-enhanced plaster could be classified as a lightweight plaster (LW class according to UNI EN 1015-10) with compressive strength CSI (UNI EN 1015-11) and water absorption class W2 (UNI EN 1015-18). Differential scanning calorimetry tests confirmed the thermal energy storage capability of the PCM-enhanced plaster, even though plaster processing operations slightly decreased the specific melting enthalpy of the PCM within the plaster. Moreover, small-scale simulations were performed through the monitoring of the inner temperature of an insulated box, in which a plaster layer was applied on the internal walls, during heating and cooling ramps. These tests confirmed the thermal energy storage capability of the newly developed plaster around the PCM melting temperature interval.
Solvent-dependent energy and charge transfer dynamics in hydroporphyrin-BODIPY arrays
Authors: Uthe Brian , Meares Adam , Ptaszek Marcin , Pelton Matthew
Published: August 2020

Arrays of hydroporphyrins with boron complexes of dipyrromethene (BODIPY) are a promising platform for biomedical imaging or solar energy conversion, but their photophysical properties have been relatively unexplored. In this paper, we use time-resolved fluorescence, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and density-functional-theory calculations to elucidate solvent-dependent energy and electron-transfer processes in a series of chlorin- and bacteriochlorin-BODIPY arrays. Excitation of the BODIPY moiety results in ultrafast energy transfer to the hydroporphyrin moiety, regardless of the solvent. In toluene, energy is most likely transferred via the through-space Förster mechanism from the S1 state of BODIPY to the S2 state of hydroporphyrin. In DMF, substantially faster energy transfer is observed, which implies a contribution of the through-bond Dexter mechanism. In toluene, excited hydroporphyrin components show bright fluorescence, with quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime comparable to those of the benchmark monomer, whereas in DMF, moderate to significant reduction of both quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime are observed. We attribute this quenching to photoinduced charge transfer from hydroporphyrin to BODIPY. No direct spectral signature of the charge-separated state is observed, which suggests that either (1) the charge-separated state decays very quickly to the ground state or (2) virtual charge-separated states, close in energy to S1 of hydroporphyrin, promote ultrafast internal conversion.
Impact of number of stimulation sites on long-lasting desynchronization effects of coordinated reset stimulation
Authors: Kromer Justus A. , Khaledi-Nasab Ali , Tass Peter A.
Published: August 2020

Excessive neuronal synchrony is a hallmark of several neurological disorders, e.g., Parkinson’s disease. An established treatment for medically refractory Parkinson’s disease is high-frequency deep brain stimulation. However, it provides only acute relief, and symptoms return shortly after cessation of stimulation. A theory-based approach called coordinated reset (CR) has shown great promise in achieving long-lasting effects. During CR stimulation, phase-shifted stimuli are delivered to multiple stimulation sites to counteract neuronal synchrony. Computational studies in plastic neuronal networks reported that synaptic weights reduce during stimulation, which may cause sustained structural changes leading to stabilized desynchronized activity even after stimulation ceases. Corresponding long-lasting effects were found in recent preclinical and clinical studies. We study long-lasting desynchronization by CR stimulation in excitatory recurrent neuronal networks of integrate-and-fire neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). We focus on the impact of the stimulation frequency and the number of stimulation sites on long-lasting effects. We compare theoretical predictions to simulations of plastic neuronal networks. Our results are important regarding CR calibration for two reasons. We reveal that long-lasting effects become most pronounced when stimulation parameters are adjusted to the characteristics of STDP—rather than to neuronal frequency characteristics. This is in contrast to previous studies where the CR frequency was adjusted to the dominant neuronal rhythm. In addition, we reveal a nonlinear dependence of long-lasting effects on the number of stimulation sites and the CR frequency. Intriguingly, optimal long-lasting desynchronization does not require larger numbers of stimulation sites.
A genetic algorithm approach for reconstructing spectral content from filtered x-ray diode array spectrometers
Authors: Kemp G. E. , Rubery M. S. , Harris C. D. , May M. J. , Widmann K. , Heeter R. F. , Libby S. B. , Schneider M. B. , Blue B. E.
Published: August 2020

Filtered diode array spectrometers are routinely employed to infer the temporal evolution of spectral power from x-ray sources, but uniquely extracting spectral content from a finite set of broad, spectrally overlapping channel spectral sensitivities is decidedly nontrivial in these under-determined systems. We present the use of genetic algorithms to reconstruct a probabilistic spectral intensity distribution and compare to the traditional approach most commonly found in the literature. Unlike many of the previously published models, spectral reconstructions from this approach are neither limited by basis functional forms nor do they require a priori spectral knowledge. While the original intent of such measurements was to diagnose the temporal evolution of spectral power from quasi-blackbody radiation sources—where the exact details of spectral content were not thought to be crucial—we demonstrate that this new technique can greatly enhance the utility of the diagnostic by providing more physical spectra and improved robustness to hardware configuration for even strongly non-Planckian distributions.
Interface between graphene and liquid Cu from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Cingolani Juan Santiago , Deimel Martin , Köcher Simone , Scheurer Christoph , Reuter Karsten , Andersen Mie
Published: August 2020

Controllable synthesis of defect-free graphene is crucial for applications since the properties of graphene are highly sensitive to any deviations from the crystalline lattice. We focus here on the emerging use of liquid Cu catalysts, which have high potential for fast and efficient industrial-scale production of high-quality graphene. The interface between graphene and liquid Cu is studied using force field and ab initio molecular dynamics, revealing a complete or partial embedding of finite-sized flakes. By analyzing flakes of different sizes, we find that the size-dependence of the embedding can be rationalized based on the energy cost of embedding vs bending the graphene flake. The embedding itself is driven by the formation of covalent bonds between the under-coordinated edge C atoms and the liquid Cu surface, which is accompanied by a significant charge transfer. In contrast, the central flake atoms are located around or slightly above 3 Å from the liquid Cu surface and exhibit weak van der Waals–bonding and much lower charge transfer. The structural and electronic properties of the embedded state revealed in our work provide the atomic-scale information needed to develop effective models to explain the special growth observed in experiments where various interesting phenomena such as flake self-assembly and rotational alignment, high growth speeds, and low defect densities in the final graphene product have been observed.
Bond dissociation energies of transition metal oxides: CrO, MoO, RuO, and RhO
Authors: Sorensen Jason J. , Tieu Erick , Sevy Andrew , Merriles Dakota M. , Nielson Christopher , Ewigleben Joshua C. , Morse Michael D.
Published: August 2020

Through the use of resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy, sharp predissociation thresholds have been identified in the spectra of CrO, MoO, RuO, and RhO. Similar thresholds have previously been used to measure the bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of many molecules that have a high density of vibronic states at the ground separated atom limit. A high density of states allows precise measurement of the BDE by facilitating prompt dissociation to ground state atoms when the BDE is exceeded. However, the number of states required for prompt predissociation at the thermochemical threshold is not well defined and undoubtedly varies from molecule to molecule. The ground separated atom limit generates 315 states for RuO, 252 states for RhO, and 63 states for CrO and MoO. Although comparatively few states derive from this limit for CrO and MoO, the observation of sharp predissociation thresholds for all four molecules nevertheless allows BDEs to be assigned as 4.863(3) eV (RuO), 4.121(3) eV (RhO), 4.649(5) eV (CrO), and 5.414(19) eV (MoO). Thermochemical cycles are used to derive the enthalpies of formation of the gaseous metal oxides and to obtain IE(RuO) = 8.41(5) eV, IE(RhO) = 8.56(6) eV, D0(Ru–O−) = 4.24(2) eV, D0(Cr–O−) = 4.409(8) eV, and D0(Mo–O−) = 5.243(20) eV. The mechanisms leading to prompt predissociation at threshold in the cases of CrO and MoO are discussed. Also presented is a discussion of the bonding trends for the transition metal oxides, which are compared to the previously measured transition metal sulfides.
Vanishing properties of

-minimal hypersurfaces in a complete smooth metric measure space
Authors: Mi R.
Published: August 2020

Let

be a complete smooth metric measure space with

being a complete noncompact

-minimal hypersurface in

. In this paper, we extend the classical vanishing theorems for

-harmonic

-forms on a complete minimal hypersurface to a weighted manifold. In addition, we obtain a vanishing result under the assumption that

has sufficiently small weighted

-norm of the second fundamental form on

, which can be regarded as a generalization of a result by Yun and Seo.

Bibliography: 26 titles.
Limits, standard complexes and

-codes
Authors: Ivanov S. O. , Mikhailov R. V. , Pavutnitskiy F. Yu.
Published: August 2020

For a strongly connected category

with pairwise coproducts, we introduce a cosimplicial object, which serves as a sort of resolution for computing higher derived functors of

. Applications involve the Künneth theorem for higher limits and

-finiteness of

-codes. A dictionary for the

-codes with words of length

is given.

Bibliography: 19 titles.
« Et le chien aussi i’ regarde »
Authors: Thörle Britta
Published: August 2020

Cette étude propose une analyse de la particule additive aussi en français L2 d’apprenants avancés ayant
l’allemand comme L1. En nous basant sur un corpus de récits oraux, élicités à l’aide d’une histoire en images, nous étudierons l’expression
des liens additifs aux niveaux du répertoire lexical, de la syntaxe et de la structure informationnelle. Il sera montré que les apprenants
manifestent non seulement une forte tendance à se servir de la particule aussi afin d’exprimer les relations additives,
mais qu’ils sont en outre très enclins à marquer par des procédés syntaxiques les caractéristiques de la structure informationnelle lorsque
l’élément auquel aussi est associé, son domaine d’application (DdA), représente un topique contrastif
(« contrastive topic »). Ces caractéristiques de la production en L2 sont interprétées comme le résultat des efforts
fournis par les apprenants pour construire une narration cohérente en surface, grâce à des moyens explicites qui présentent un avantage
procédural d’un point de vue cognitif.
L’émergence du figement dans la production langagière précoce
Authors: Yaiche Sameh , Maillochon Isabelle , Bassano Dominique
Published: August 2020

Malgré l’importance prise par le thème du figement dans la recherche récente, l’étude de la production des séquences figées ou semi-figées au tout début du langage reste encore très peu développée. Le présent article examine l’émergence du figement chez l’enfant en adoptant une approche comparative inter langues. L’étude se base sur les corpus longitudinaux de production spontanée de deux enfants, l’un francophone et l’autre arabophone tunisien, enregistrés entre 18 et 42 mois. L’objectif est d’identifier les unités complexes, de les caractériser et d’en évaluer l’importance dans la production précoce en fonction de la langue en acquisition. Les résultats montrent, malgré les profondes différences structurales opposant les langues examinées, de très nettes tendances communes que l’on peut considérer comme des caractéristiques générales du développement du figement. L’étude fait apparaître aussi des particularités dans le développement des deux enfants, tant au plan des variables générales que du lexique simple et du lexique figé, particularités que nous discutons à la lumière du contraste typologique français/arabe.
Requirements for cDC2 positioning in blood-exposed regions of the neonatal and adult spleen
Authors: Liu Dan , Wu Jiaxi , An Jinping , Cyster Jason G.
Published: August 2020

The marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen contains multiple cell types that are involved in mounting rapid immune responses against blood-borne pathogens, including conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and MZ B cells. MZ B cells develop later than other B cell types and are sparse in neonatal mice. Here, we show that cDC2s are abundant in the MZ of neonatal compared with adult mice. We find that conditions associated with reduced MZ B cell numbers in adult mice cause increased cDC2 occupancy of the MZ. Treatment with the S1PR1-modulating drug, FTY720, causes cDC2 movement into the MZ through the indirect mechanism of displacing MZ B cells into follicles. Splenic cDC2s express high amounts of α4β1 and αLβ2 integrins and depend on these integrins and the adaptor Talin for their retention in blood-exposed regions of the spleen. Splenic CD4 T cell activation by particulate antigens is increased in mice with higher cDC2 density in the MZ, including in neonatal mice. Our work establishes requirements for homeostatic cDC2 positioning in the spleen and provides evidence that localization in blood-exposed regions around the white pulp augments cDC2 capture of particulate antigens. We suggest that MZ positioning of cDC2s partially compensates for the lack of MZ B cells during the neonatal period.
Photon Coalescence in a Lossy Non-Hermitian Beam Splitter*
Authors: Ren Zhiqiang , Wen Rong , Chen J. F.
Published: August 2020

We investigate photon coalescence in a lossy non-Hermitian system and study a dynamic device modeled by a beam splitter with an extra intrinsic phase term added in the transformation matrix, with which the device is a lossy non-Hermitian linear system. The two-photon interference behavior is altered accordingly since this extra intrinsic phase affects the unitary of transformation and the coalescence of the incoming photons. We calculate the coincidence between two single-photon pulses, considering the interferometric phase between two pulses and the extra intrinsic phase as the tunable parameters. The extra phase turns the famous Hong–Ou–Mandel dip into a bump, with the visibility dependent on both the interferometric phase and the extra phase.
Experimental Observation of Electronic Structures of Kagome Metal YCr6Ge6*
Authors: Wang Pengdong , Wang Yihao , Zhang Bo , Li Yuliang , Wang Sheng , Wu Yunbo , Zhu Hongen , Liu Yi , Zhang Guobin , Liu Dayong , Xiong Yimin , Sun Zhe
Published: August 2020

Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we study electronic structures of a Kagome metal YCr6Ge6. Band dispersions along kz
direction are significant, suggesting a remarkable interlayer coupling between neighboring Kagome planes. Comparing ARPES data with first-principles calculations, we find a moderate electron correlation in this material, since band calculations must be compressed in the energy scale to reach an excellent agreement between experimental data and theoretical calculations. Moreover, as indicated by band calculations, there is a flat band in the vicinity of the Fermi level at the Γ–M–K plane in the momentum space, which could be responsible for the unusual transport behavior in YCr6Ge6.
Electronic Evolution from the Parent Mott Insulator to a Superconductor in Lightly Hole-Doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + δ*
Authors: Gao Qiang , Zhao Lin , Hu Cheng , Yan Hongtao , Chen Hao , Cai Yongqing , Li Cong , Ai Ping , Liu Jing , Huang Jianwei , Rong Hongtao , Song Chunyao , Yin Chaohui , Wang Qingyan , Huang Yuan , Liu Guo-Dong , Xu Zu-Yan , Zhou Xing-Jiang
Published: August 2020

High temperature superconductivity in cuprates is realized by doping the Mott insulator with charge carriers. A central issue is how such an insulating state can evolve into a conducting or superconducting state when charge carriers are introduced. Here, by in situ vacuum annealing and Rb deposition on the Bi2Sr2Ca0.6Dy0.4Cu2O8 + δ
(Bi2212) sample surface to push its doping level continuously from deeply underdoped (T
c = 25 K, doping level p ∼ 0.066) to the near-zero doping parent Mott insulator, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements are carried out to observe the detailed electronic structure evolution in the lightly hole-doped region for the first time. Our results indicate that the chemical potential lies at about l eV above the charge transfer band for the parent state at zero doping, which is quite close to the upper Hubbard band. With increasing hole doping, the chemical potential moves continuously towards the charge transfer band and the band structure evolution exhibits a rigid band shift-like behavior. When the chemical potential approaches the charge transfer band at a doping level of ∼0.05, the nodal spectral weight near the Fermi level increases, followed by the emergence of the coherent quasiparticle peak and the insulator–superconductor transition. Our observations provide key insights in understanding the insulator–superconductor transition in doping the parent cuprate compound and for establishing related theories.
A Nonlinear Theoretical Model of Magnetization and Magnetostriction for Ferromagnetic Materials under Applied Stress and Magnetic Fields*
Authors: Shi Pengpeng
Published: August 2020

A thermodynamic and micro-statistical model is proposed to explain the magnetization and magnetostriction mechanisms for isotropic ferromagnetic materials. Here a nonlinear magnetostrictive expression enhances the characterization of the nonlinear magnetic-mechanical effect, and the Brillouin function makes it possible to describe the relationship between the equivalent field and magnetization for various types of materials. Through detailed comparisons with the recent models of Wu et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett.
115 (2019) 162406] and Daniel [Eur. Phys. J.: Appl. Phys.
83 (2018) 30904], it is confirmed that the proposed model can provide greater physical insight and a more accurate description of the complex magnetostriction and magnetization behaviors, especially the complex nonlinearity of stress effects.
Comments on “Non-Relativistic Treatment of a Generalized Inverse Quadratic Yukawa Potential” [Chin. Phys. Lett. 34 (2017) 110301]
Authors: Woods R. C.
Published: August 2020

Some problems with the article by Oluwadare and Oyewumi [Chin. Phys. Lett. 34 (2017) 110301] are discussed. The previously proposed solution of the Schrödinger wave equation in the generalized inverse quadratic Yukawa potential is unsatisfactory for a number of reasons.
The stability for an inverse problem of bottom recovering in water-waves
Authors: Lecaros R , López-Ríos J , Ortega J H , Zamorano S
Published: August 2020

In this article we deal with a class of geometric inverse problem for bottom detection by one single measurement on the free surface in water-waves. We found upper and lower bounds for the size of the region enclosed between two different bottoms, in terms of Neumann and/or Dirichlet data on the free surface. Starting from the general water-waves system in bounded domains with side walls, we manage to formulate the problem in terms of the Dirichlet to Neumann operator and thus, as an elliptic problem in a bounded domain with Neumann homogeneous condition on the rigid boundary. Then we study the properties of the Dirichlet to Neumann map and analyze the called method of size estimation.
A plane wave theory of photoionization using the dipole acceleration form: predictions concerning circular dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions at high energies
Authors: Suzuki Yoshi-Ichi
Published: August 2020

Photoelectron angular distributions for randomly oriented atoms and molecules are characterized by the linear and circular dichroic parameters β and b
1, respectively. In the region where the photoelectron kinetic energy is several 100 eV, the values of b
1 and β are expected to be constants. In this study, we show that β for all hydrogen atom orbitals other than s orbitals approach values between 0 to 0.5 at the high-energy limit in the nonrelativistic dipole approximation and that the values can be obtained by the plane wave approximation using the dipole acceleration form. These limiting values are smaller than the widely accepted values for molecules. We discuss the implications of this result for the circular dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions of linear molecules.
Optomechanically tuned Fano resonance and slow light in a quadratically coupled optomechanical system with membranes
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yun , Si Liu-Gang , Lu Xiao-Hu , Wu Ying
Published: August 2020

Realizing and controlling a Fano resonance is of fundamental significance in physics and may find applications in optical switching and sensitivity-enhanced biochemical sensing. Here we present a practicable scheme to realize Fano resonance and slow light in a quadratically coupled optomechanical system with membranes. It is shown that Fano resonance generation is precisely controlled by changing the frequency detuning between the cavity field and the control field in the quadratically coupled optomechanical system, while additional membrane inside the system can considerably establish a tunable switch between a single Fano resonance and double Fano resonances. In particular, the asymmetric line shape and the number of Fano resonance can be well tuned by the reflectivity of the membranes, the wavelength of the control field and the environment temperature. Furthermore, it is also shown that the slow light effects of the transmitted probe field can be obtained under two-phonon resonance condition and the group delay of the transmitted probe field can be adjusted by the frequency and power of the control field. Our scheme may help to achieve the practical application of Fano resonances relevant to the nonlinear optics.
Interpretations of cosmic expansion: anchoring conceptions and
misconceptions
Authors: Pössel M
Published: August 2020

Teaching cosmology at the undergraduate or high school level requires
simplifications and analogies, and inevitably brings the teacher into contact
with at least one of the pedagogical interpretations of the expanding Universe.
The by far most popular interpretation holds that galaxies in an expanding
Universe are stationary, while space itself expands and thus causes the growing
distances that characterize cosmic expansion. The alternative relativistic
explosion interpretation regards cosmic expansion as a pattern of (relativistic)
galaxy motion. The aim of this article is to discuss the two competing
interpretations from the perspective of potential student preconceptions, taking
into account both beneficial anchoring conceptions and potentially harmful
preconceptions that can lead to misconceptions.
Pulse decomposition analysis in photoplethysmography imaging
Authors: Fleischhauer Vincent , Ruprecht Nora , Sorelli Michele , Bocchi Leonardo , Zaunseder Sebastian
Published: August 2020

Objective: Photoplethysmography imaging (PPGI) has gained immense attention over the last few years but only a few works have addressed morphological analysis so far. Pulse wave decomposition (PWD), i.e. the decomposition of a pulse wave by a varying number of kernels, allows for such analyses. This work investigates the applicability of PWD algorithms in the context of PPGI. Approach: We used simulated and experimental data to compare various PWD algorithms from the literature regarding their robustness against noise and motion artifacts while preserving morphological information as well as regarding their ability to reveal physiological changes by PPGI. Main results: Our experiments prove that algorithms that combine Gamma and Gaussian distributions outperform other choices. Further, algorithms with two kernels exhibit the highest robustness against noise and motion artifacts (improvement in

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of 14.09 %) while preserving the morphology similarly to algorithms using more kernels. Lastly, we showed that PWD can reveal physiological changes upon distal stimuli by PPGI. Significance: This work proves the feasibility of pulse decomposition analysis in PPGI, particularly for algorithms with a low number of kernels, and opens up novel applications for PPGI. Not only for PPGI but for future research on PWD in general, our findings have importance as they elucidate differences between PWD algorithms and emphasize the importance of using initial values. To support such future research, we have released the algorithms and simulated data to the public.
Cold atmospheric single plasma jet for RONS delivery on large biological surfaces
Authors: Omran Azadeh Valinataj , Busco Giovanni , Ridou Loïck , Dozias Sébastien , Grillon Catherine , Pouvesle Jean-Michel , Robert Eric
Published: August 2020

Several attempts have been made to deliver reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) produced by non-thermal plasma onto large surfaces in a controllable way compatible with skin treatments. In this paper, the effect of pulse frequency, in the range 0.5–20 kHz, on the discharge behavior was studied on skin tissue models to evaluate potential treatment changes. This has been done through electrical characterization, visualization of the helium flow (by Schlieren technique), produced plasma jet modifications (ICCD imaging) and RONS measurements. The results show that, in addition to its well known important role in the production of the chemical species, the applied discharge frequency plays a very significant role in the size of the treated surface. An enhancement of NO*, OH* and O* production in the gas phase at the higher frequency is reported and assigned to the stronger mixing of the helium flow with ambient air. The efficacy of plasma jet on transporting RONS on/into agarose gel and pig skin has been evaluated. The distribution of the reactive species on the target, or passing through, is strongly dependent on the discharge frequency and consequently induces pH variations. The present study supports a new way for enlarging the treated surface by using a simple jet at high frequency in the 20 kHz range, leading, with appropriate gas flow and distance to target, to conditions of RONS production that are compatible with potential uses for biomedical or cosmetic applications.