bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religion in inpatient mental health: a narrative review
Authors: Heffernan Suzanne , Neil Sandra , Weatherhead Stephen
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which inpatient mental health services attend to the religious needs of service-users. Literature is presented to argue that whilst the importance of religion is highlighted in consumer accounts, research and policy; inpatient services continue to neglect religion and service-users consistently report insufficient attention to religious needs during hospitalisation.

Design/methodology/approach

– This review adopts a narrative approach to the literature, drawing upon published journal articles, book chapters and policy documentation.

Findings

– Literature into the topic area is reviewed and discussed within three themes. First, the extent to which religious needs are currently met is explored. Second, potential reasons for neglect of religion are considered. Finally, examples of religiously informed group programmes, individual psychotherapy and the use of traditional healers are detailed.

Practical implications

– Findings of the review point towards the requirement for inpatient services to more adequately meet religious needs in terms of available facilities. The need for spiritual assessment and collaboration with hospital chaplains is also highlighted, along with the call for increased staff training.

Originality/value

– It is expected that this review will be of interest to a range of stakeholders including professionals, policy makers and service users. It highlights the void in clinical attention to religious needs and offers practical suggestions for meeting this need.
Thermally adaptive tradeoffs in closely related marine bacterial strains
Authors: Yung Cheuk‐Man , Vereen Marissa K. , Herbert Amy , Davis Katherine M. , Yang Jiayu , Kantorowska Agata , Ward Christopher S. , Wernegreen Jennifer J. , Johnson Zackary I. , Hunt Dana E.
Published: November 2014

Time series studies have shown that some bacterial taxa occur only at specific times of the year while others are ubiquitous in spite of seasonal shifts in environmental variables. Here, we ask if these ubiquitous clades are generalists that grow over a wide range of environmental conditions, or clusters of strain‐level environmental specialists. To answer this question, vibrio strains isolated at a coastal time series were phylogenetically and physiologically characterized revealing three dominant strategies within the vibrio: mesophiles, psychrophiles and apparently generalist broad thermal range clades. Thermal performance curves from laboratory growth rate experiments help explain field observations of relative abundances: the mesophilic clade grows optimally at temperatures 16°C higher than the psychrophilic clade. Strains in the broad thermal range clade all have similar optimal growth temperatures but also exhibit temperature‐related tradeoffs with faster growth rates for warm temperature strains and broader growth ranges for strains from cool temperatures. Moreover, the mechanisms of thermal adaptation apparently differ based on evolutionary time scales: shifts in the temperature of maximal growth occur between deeply branching clades but thermal performance curve shape changes on shorter time scales. Thus, apparently ubiquitous clades are likely not generalists, but contain subclusters with distinct environmental preferences.
Performance Testing of a Semi‐Automatic Card Punch System, Using Direct STR Profiling of DNA from Blood Samples on FTA™ Cards
Authors: Ogden Samantha J. , Horton Jeffrey K. , Stubbs Simon L. , Tatnell Peter J.
Published: November 2014

The 1.2 mm Electric Coring Tool (e‐Core™) was developed to increase the throughput of FTA™ sample collection cards used during forensic workflows and is similar to a 1.2 mm Harris manual micro‐punch for sampling dried blood spots. Direct short tandem repeat (STR) DNA profiling was used to compare samples taken by the e‐Core tool with those taken by the manual micro‐punch. The performance of the e‐Core device was evaluated using a commercially available PowerPlex™ 18D STR System. In addition, an analysis was performed that investigated the potential carryover of DNA via the e‐Core punch from one FTA disc to another. This contamination study was carried out using Applied Biosystems AmpflSTR™ Identifiler™ Direct PCR Amplification kits. The e‐Core instrument does not contaminate FTA discs when a cleaning punch is used following excision of discs containing samples and generates STR profiles that are comparable to those generated by the manual micro‐punch.
A Newly Discovered German Translation of d'Holbach's Théologie portative
Authors: Treuherz Nick
Published: November 2014

This article presents an anonymously published German text, Theologische Charlatanerien, and shows that it is a translation of a work by the French radical philosophe d'Holbach. The work has never previously been recognised as a translation of La Théologie portative (1767). I first provide evidence to show this is indeed a translation of the French work. I then examine the differences between the two works, showing the ways in which the German environment influenced the translation. Finally, other translations of d'Holbach's works are examined to consider any connections and the level of interest in these works in enlightenment Germany.
Increased Forebrain Activations in Youths with Family Histories of Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders Performing a Go/NoGo Task
Authors: Acheson Ashley , Tagamets Malle A. , Rowland Laura M. , Mathias Charles W. , Wright Susan N. , Hong L. Elliot , Kochunov Peter , Dougherty Donald M.
Published: November 2014

Background

Youths with a family history of alcohol and other drug use disorders (FH+) are at a greater risk of developing substance use disorders than their peers with no such family histories (FH−), and this increased risk may be related to impaired maturation of forebrain circuitry. FH+ individuals have shown altered forebrain activity at rest and while performing cognitive tasks. However, it is not fully understood how forebrain activity is altered in FH+ individuals, and ultimately how these alterations may contribute to substance use disorder risk.

Methods

In this study, we tested 72 FH+ and 32 FH− youths performing a go/no‐go task and examined activations in blocks with only go trials (Go Only), blocks with 50% go and 50% no‐go trials (Go/NoGo), and a contrast of those 2 blocks.

Results

FH+ youths had significantly greater cerebral activations in both the Go and Go/NoGo blocks than FH− youths in regions including the posterior cingulate/precuneus, bilateral middle/superior temporal gyrus, and medial superior frontal gyrus with no significant group differences in the subtraction between Go Only and Go/NoGo blocks. Additionally, FH+ youths had moderately slower reaction times on go trials in the Go Only blocks.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that global activation increase in FH+ youths are modulated by FH density and are not specific to the inhibitory components of the task. This pattern of increased activations in FH+ youths may be at least partially due to impaired forebrain white matter development leading to greater activations/less efficient neural communication during task performance.
First‐ versus second‐generation electronic cigarettes: predictors of choice and effects on urge to smoke and withdrawal symptoms
Authors: Dawkins Lynne , Kimber Catherine , Puwanesarasa Yasothani , Soar Kirstie
Published: November 2014

Aims

To (1) estimate predictors of first‐ versus second‐generation electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) choice; and (2) determine whether a second‐generation device was (i) superior for reducing urge to smoke and withdrawal symptoms (WS) and (ii) associated with enhanced positive subjective effects.

Design

Mixed‐effects experimental design. Phase 1: reason for e‐cigarette choice was assessed via questionnaire. Phase 2: participants were allocated randomly to first‐ or second‐generation e‐cigarette condition. Urge to smoke and WS were measured before and 10 minutes after taking 10 e‐cigarette puffs.

Setting

University of East London, UK.

Participants

A total of 97 smokers (mean age 26; standard deviation 8.7; 54% female).

Measurements

Single‐item urge to smoke scale to assess craving and the Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS) to assess WS. Subjective effects included: satisfaction, hit, ‘felt like smoking’ and ‘would use to stop smoking’ (yes versus no response).

Findings

Equal numbers chose each device, but none of the predictor variables (gender, age, tobacco dependence, previous e‐cigarette use) accounted for choice. Only baseline urge to smoke/WS predicted urge to smoke/WS 10 minutes after use (B =0.38; P <0.001 and B =0.53; P <0.001). E‐cigarette device was not a significant predictor. Those using the second‐generation device were more likely to report satisfaction and use in a quit attempt (χ2 = 12.10, P =0.001 and χ2 = 5.53, P =0.02).

Conclusions

First‐ and second‐generation electronic cigarettes appear to be similarly effective in reducing urges to smoke during abstinence, but second‐generation devices appear to be more satisfying to users.
Everything to Everyone: The Electoral Consequences of the Broad‐Appeal Strategy in Europe
Authors: Somer‐Topcu Zeynep
Published: November 2014

Parties often tailor their campaign message differently to different groups of voters with the goal of appealing to a broader electorate with diverse preferences and thereby winning their votes. I argue that the strategy helps a party win votes if it can convince diverse groups of voters that the party is ideologically closer to their preferred positions. Using election data from nine Western European democracies, I first show that parties gain votes when they appeal broadly. Analysis of individual‐level survey data suggests that voters perceive broadly appealing parties as ideologically closer to their own positions, a finding that identifies a plausible mechanism behind the aggregate positive effect of this strategy on party election performance. These findings not only help explain the behavior of some European parties, but they may also offer a potential recipe for electoral success in multiparty democracies.
Doctors' perspectives on the barriers to appropriate prescribing in older hospitalized patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Cullinan Shane , Fleming Aoife , O'Mahony Denis , Ryan Cristin , O'Sullivan David , Gallagher Paul , Byrne Stephen
Published: November 2014

Aims

Older patients commonly suffer from multimorbidites and take multiple medications. As a result, these patients are more vulnerable to potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP). PIP in older patients may result in adverse drug events (ADEs) and hospitalizations. However, little has been done to identify why PIP occurs. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify hospital doctors' perceptions as to why PIP occurs, (ii) to identify the barriers to addressing the issues identified and (iii) to determine which intervention types would be best suited to improving prescribing.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), a tool used to apply behaviour change theories, were conducted with 22 hospital doctors. Content analysis was conducted to identify domains of the TDF that could be targeted to improve prescribing for older people. These domains were then mapped to the behaviour change wheel to identify possible intervention types.

Results

Content analysis identified five of the 12 domains in the TDF as relevant: (i) environmental context and resources, (ii) knowledge, (iii) skills, (iv) social influences and (v) memory/attention and decision processes. Using the behaviour change wheel, the types of interventions deemed suitable were those based on training and environmental restructuring.

Conclusion

This study shows that doctors feel there is insufficient emphasis on geriatric pharmacotherapy in their undergraduate/postgraduate training. An intervention providing supplementary training, with particular emphasis on decision processes and dealing with social influences would be justified. This study has, however, uncovered many areas for potential intervention in the future.
REVEAL‐1, a phase 2 dose regimen optimization study of vosaroxin in older poor‐risk patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Stuart Robert K. , Cripe Larry D. , Maris Michael B. , Cooper Maureen A. , Stone Richard M. , Dakhil Shaker R. , Turturro Francesco , Stock Wendy , Mason James , Shami Paul J. , Strickland Stephen A. , Costa Luciano J. , Borthakur Gautam , Michelson Glenn C. , Fox Judith A. , Leavitt Richard D. , Ravandi Farhad
Published: November 2014

This phase 2 study (N = 116) evaluated single‐agent vosaroxin, a first‐in‐class anticancer quinolone derivative, in patients ≥60 years of age with previously untreated unfavourable prognosis acute myeloid leukaemia. Dose regimen optimization was explored in sequential cohorts (A: 72 mg/m2 d 1, 8, 15; B: 72 mg/m2 d 1, 8; C: 72 mg/m2 or 90 mg/m2 d 1, 4). The primary endpoint was combined complete remission rate (complete remission [CR] plus CR with incomplete platelet recovery [CRp]). Common (>20%) grade ≥3 adverse events were thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia, anaemia, neutropenia, sepsis, pneumonia, stomatitis and hypokalaemia. Overall CR and CR/CRp rates were 29% and 32%; median overall survival (OS) was 7·0 months; 1‐year OS was 34%. Schedule C (72 mg/m2) had the most favourable safety and efficacy profile, with faster haematological recovery (median 27 d) and lowest incidence of aggregate sepsis (24%) and 30‐d (7%) and 60‐d (17%) all‐cause mortality; at this dose and schedule, CR and CR/CRp rates were 31% and 35%, median OS was 7·7 months and 1‐year OS was 38%. Overall, vosaroxin resulted in low early mortality and an encouraging response rate; vosaroxin 72 mg/m2 d 1, 4 is recommended for further study in this population. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov: #NCT00607997.
Survival of AIDS‐related diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and plasmablastic lymphoma in the German HIV Lymphoma Cohort
Authors: Schommers Philipp , Hentrich Marcus , Hoffmann Christian , Gillor Daniel , Zoufaly Alexander , Jensen Björn , Bogner Johannes R. , Thoden Jan , Wasmuth Jan‐Christian , Wolf Timo , Oette Mark , Müller Markus , Esser Stefan , Vehreschild Jörg J. , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Wyen Christoph
Published: November 2014

Overall survival (OS) of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐related Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) was analysed in the German AIDS‐related‐Lymphoma‐Cohort‐Study. Of 291 patients prospectively included between January 2005 and December 2012, 154 had DLBCL, 103 BL and 34 PBL. Two‐year OS rates were similar between BL (69%) and DLBCL patients (63%) but lower for PBL patients (43%). Intermediate (Hazard ratio [HR] 4·1 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·98–8·49) or high (HR 4·92 95% CI 2·1–11·61) International Prognostic Index, bone marrow involvement (HR 1·69 95% CI 1·00–2·84) and PBL histology (HR 2·24 95% CI 1·24–4·03) were independent predictors of mortality.
A critical role for murine transferrin receptor 2 in erythropoiesis during iron restriction
Authors: Wallace Daniel F. , Secondes Eriza S. , Rishi Gautam , Ostini Lesa , McDonald Cameron J. , Lane Steven W. , Vu Therese , Hooper John D. , Velasco Gloria , Ramsay Andrew J. , Lopez‐Otin Carlos , Subramaniam V. Nathan
Published: November 2014

Effective erythropoiesis requires an appropriate supply of iron and mechanisms regulating iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis are intrinsically linked. Iron dysregulation, typified by iron‐deficiency anaemia and iron overload, is common in many clinical conditions and impacts the health of up to 30% of the world's population. The proteins transmembrane protease, serine 6 (TMPRSS6; also termed matriptase‐2), HFE and transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) play important and opposing roles in systemic iron homeostasis, by regulating expression of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. We have performed a systematic analysis of mice deficient in these three proteins and show that TMPRSS6 predominates over HFE and TFR2 in hepcidin regulation. The phenotype of mice lacking TMPRSS6 and TFR2 is characterized by severe anaemia and extramedullary haematopoiesis in the spleen. Stress erythropoiesis in these mice results in increased expression of the newly identified erythroid iron regulator erythroferrone, which does not appear to overcome the hepcidin overproduction mediated by loss of TMPRSS6. Extended analysis reveals that TFR2 plays an important role in erythroid cells, where it is involved in terminal erythroblast differentiation and the regulation of erythropoietin. In conclusion, we have identified an essential role for TFR2 in erythropoiesis that may provide new targets for the treatment of anaemia.
Overall survival of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma patients after adjusting for crossover in the MM‐003 trial for pomalidomide plus low‐dose dexamethasone
Authors: Morgan Gareth , Palumbo Antonio , Dhanasiri Sujith , Lee Dawn , Weisel Katja , Facon Thierry , Delforge Michel , Oriol Albert , Zaki Mohamed , Yu Xin , Sternas Lars , Jacques Christian , Akehurst Ron , Offner Fritz , Dimopoulos Meletios A.
Published: November 2014

In the phase III MM‐003 trial, pomalidomide plus low‐dose dexamethasone (POM+LoDEX) improved overall survival (OS) versus high‐dose dexamethasone (HiDEX) in 455 patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) after treatment with bortezomib and lenalidomide. Here, a two‐stage Weibull method was used to adjust for the crossover of patients in the HiDEX arm to pomalidomide‐based therapy. The adjusted difference in median OS between patients in the POM+LoDEX and HiDEX arms was 7·0 months (12·7 vs. 5·7 months, respectively). These findings provide important evidence for understanding the clinical efficacy of pomalidomide on OS benefits seen in RRMM patients.
The Heterogeneous Isthmus: Transnationalism and Cultural Differentiation in Panama
Authors: SIGLER THOMAS J. , AMEN KALI‐AHSET , ANGELIQUE DWYER K.
Published: November 2014

This article addresses understandings of race and ethnicity withinLatinAmerican research by examining and arguing for an increasingly transnational interpretation of identity through an analytical engagement with the changing politics of difference inPanama. Applying historiographical and ethnographic approaches, we interrogate ethno‐racial differentiation from a transnational perspective, concluding that dominant national discourses on identity inPanama have shifted in response to transnational alliances and pressures, and that a monolithic nationalism driven by the narrative ofpanameñismo(a national political discourse in Panama predicated upon the concept of a monolithic and singular Panamanian culture) has given way to an ethno‐racial climate in which the politics of identity and representation are approached more pluralistically and arguably more equitably.
Impact of the parenting style of foster parents on the behaviour problems of foster children
Authors: Fuentes M. J. , Salas M. D. , Bernedo I. M. , García‐Martín M. A.
Published: November 2014

Background

Few studies have analysed the effects of the parenting style used by foster carers on children's behaviour problems. This study examines the role played by the quality of the emotional relationship with foster carers and the kind of discipline they use as regard internalizing and externalizing problems among foster children.

Methods

Participants were 104 foster children (56 boys and 48 girls) and their respective foster families. The Child Behaviour Checklist, the Affect and Communication Scale, and the Rules and Demands Scale were completed by foster parents. A series of linear regression analyses were performed using the stepwise method.

Results

The main findings were as follows: an authoritarian parenting style explained the internalizing problems presented by foster children (11% of the variance); criticism/rejection, authoritarian parenting and permissive parenting explained externalizing problems (37% of the variance); and criticism/rejection and authoritarian parenting explained total problems (29% of the variance). These results indicate that criticism/rejection on the part of foster parents, as well as the use of inappropriate parenting styles (authoritarian and permissive), has an important effect in relation to the behaviour problems of foster children.

Conclusions

This highlights the key role that foster carers play in terms of tackling the behaviour problems that foster children present. The findings also suggest that preparation for fostering should focus especially on ways of helping foster parents both to acquire positive parenting strategies and to avoid authoritarian and permissive parenting.
Anthropometric characteristics of primary school‐aged children: accuracy of perception and differences by gender, age and BMI
Authors: Cattelino E. , Bina M. , Skanjeti A. M. , Calandri E.
Published: November 2014

Background

Body perception has been mainly studied in adolescents and adults in relation to eating disorders and obesity because such conditions are usually associated with distortion in the perception of body size. The development of body perception in children was rather neglected despite the relevance of this issue in understanding the aetiology of health eating problems. The main aim of this study was to investigate body weight and body height perception in children by gender, age and body mass index (BMI), taking into account differences among underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese children.

Methods

A school‐based sample of 572 Italian children (49% boys) aged 6–10 were involved in a cross‐sectional survey. Current weight and height were measured by standard protocols, and BMI was calculated and converted in centile categories using the Italian growth curves for children. Perceived weight and height were assessed using visual methods (figures representing children of different weight and height).

Results

About a third of the children do not show to have an accurate perception of their weight and height (weight: 36%; height: 32%): as for weight, an error of underestimation prevails and as for height, an error of overestimation prevails. In general, children who have different weight and height from the average tend to perceive their physical characteristics closer to average. However, overweight children underestimate their weight much more than obese children.

Conclusions

Distortions in the perception of their physical features, weight and height, appear to be related to the aesthetic models of Western culture. The tendency to underestimate weight, particularly in overweight children, has implications in interventions for health promotion and healthy lifestyle in school‐aged children.
Malawian parents' perceptions of physical activity and child development: a qualitative study
Authors: Pulakka A. , Ashorn P. , Gondwe A. , Phiri N. , Ashorn U.
Published: November 2014

Background

In scientific studies, physical activity is measured by the amount of bodily movement, but lay perceptions of physical activity might be different. Parental influence is important for the development of children's physical activity behaviour, and parental perceptions of facilitators of physical activity are context specific. We aimed to investigate how parents of young Malawian children conceptualize physical activity in childhood, situate it in child development and understand its facilitators.

Methods

We used convenience sampling to identify parents of young children from different socio‐economic backgrounds and age groups in semi‐rural area of Malawi. We conducted in‐depth interviews with 16 parents, a focus group discussion with six parents and key informant interviews with two nurses in Malawi. Six of the participants were fathers. We analysed the data with conventional qualitative content analysis by inductive approach.

Results

The parents emphasized practical skills, education and proper behaviour as goals for their children. They viewed activity as encompassing both mental and physical qualities and they perceived it as a positive attribute of children. The parents discussed skills acquisition, social competence, health and bodily movement as signs for being active. As facilitators of physical activity the parents mentioned balanced diet, good health and stimulation. The main concerns of the parents in regard to facilitators of physical activity and good child development were the availability of food and the child being healthy.

Conclusions

Malawian parents' concept of children's physical activity is more comprehensive than scientific definition and includes aspects of both physical and mental activity.
Beneficial Effect of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Pulsed with MOG Autoantigen in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Mansilla María José , Sellès‐Moreno Carla , Fàbregas‐Puig Sara , Amoedo Joan , Navarro‐Barriuso Juan , Teniente‐Serra Aina , Grau‐López Laia , Ramo‐Tello Cristina , Martínez‐Cáceres Eva M.
Published: November 2014

Background

Treatment with tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDC) is a promising, cell‐based strategy to regulate autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) in an antigen‐specific way. This technique involves the use of TolDC from MS patients cultured in the presence of vitamin D3 (VitD3) and pulsed with myelin peptides to induce a stable hyporesponsiveness in myelin‐specific autologous T cells.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to analyze the in vivo effect of VitD3‐TolDC treatment on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS.

Methods

Bone marrow‐derived TolDC cultured in the presence of VitD3 and pulsed with peptide 40–55 of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG40–55) were administrated preventively, preclinically, and therapeutically to EAE‐induced mice.

Results

We found that VitD3‐TolDC‐MOG treatment showed a beneficial effect, not only decreasing the incidence of the disease but also reducing the severity of the clinical signs mediated by induction of regulatory T cells (Treg), as well as IL‐10 production and reduction of Ag‐specific lymphoproliferation. Our results support VitD3‐TolDC‐peptide(s) treatment as a potential strategy to restore tolerance in autoimmune diseases such as MS.
Basic Mechanisms of Epileptogenesis in Pediatric Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: Abdijadid Sara , Mathern Gary W. , Levine Michael S. , Cepeda Carlos
Published: November 2014

Cortical dysplasia (CD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder due to aberrant cell proliferation and differentiation. Advances in neuroimaging have proven effective in early identification of the more severe lesions and timely surgical removal to treat epilepsy. However, the exact mechanisms of epileptogenesis are not well understood. This review examines possible mechanisms based on anatomical and electrophysiological studies. CD can be classified as CD type I consisting of architectural abnormalities, CD type II with the presence of dysmorphic cytomegalic neurons and balloon cells, and CD type III which occurs in association with other pathologies. Use of freshly resected brain tissue has allowed a better understanding of basic mechanisms of epileptogenesis and has delineated the role of abnormal cells and synaptic activity. In CD type II, it was demonstrated that balloon cells do not initiate epileptic activity, whereas dysmorphic cytomegalic and immature neurons play an important role in generation and propagation of epileptic discharges. An unexpected finding in pediatric CD was that GABA synaptic activity is not reduced, and in fact, it may facilitate the occurrence of epileptic activity. This could be because neuronal circuits display morphological and functional signs of dysmaturity. In consequence, drugs that increase GABA function may prove ineffective in pediatric CD. In contrast, drugs that counteract depolarizing actions of GABA or drugs that inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway could be more effective.
Detecting phenology change in the mayfly Ephemera danica: responses to spatial and temporal water temperature variations
Authors: EVERALL NICHOLAS C. , JOHNSON MATTHEW F. , WILBY ROBERT L. , BENNETT CYRIL J.
Published: November 2014

1. Rising water temperatures under climate change are expected to affect the phenology of aquatic insects, including the mayfly Ephemera danica Müller which is widespread throughout Europe.

2. To assess temporal and spatial variability in mayfly emergence, E. danica were monitored at two thermally contrasting reaches in the River Dove, English Peak District over the period 2007–2013. Inter‐annual variations in growing degree days (GDDs) were modelled for an upstream site with intermittent spring flow supplementing main channel flow (Beresford Dale) and downstream site dominated by near constant discharges of cool groundwater (Dovedale).

3. A strong association exists between the emergence cycle of E. danica and GDDs at each site. Beresford Dale accumulated on average 374 more GDDs than Dovedale. After warm summers E. danica emerged after only 1 year in Beresford Dale but began to revert to a bi‐annual cycle after the particularly wet/cool year of 2012. In Dovedale, E. danica maintained a 2‐year cycle throughout the monitoring period in spite of the phenology changes observed 8 km upstream.

4. Data from the present study suggest that habitats near cool groundwater may provide important refugia for populations of insects, potentially delaying permanent shifts in phenology under climate change. However, an ability to detect changes in the thermal triggers and phenological response may be hindered by conventional spot sampling protocols.
Increased glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein‐deficient granulocytes define a benign subset of bone marrow failures in patients with trisomy 8
Authors: Hosokawa Kohei , Sugimori Naomi , Katagiri Takamasa , Sasaki Yumi , Saito Chizuru , Seiki Yu , Mochizuki Kanako , Yamazaki Hirohito , Takami Akiyoshi , Nakao Shinji
Published: November 2014

Trisomy 8 (+8), one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities found in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), is occasionally seen in patients with otherwise typical aplastic anemia (AA). Although some studies have indicated that the presence of +8 is associated with the immune pathophysiology of bone marrow (BM) failure, its pathophysiology may be heterogeneous. We studied 53 patients (22 with AA and 31 with low‐risk MDS) with +8 for the presence of increased glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein‐deficient (GPI‐AP−) cells, their response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST), and their prognosis. A significant increase in the percentage of GPI‐AP− cells was found in 14 (26%) of the 53 patients. Of the 26 patients who received IST, including nine with increased GPI‐AP− cells and 17 without increased GPI‐AP− cells, 14 (88% with increased GPI‐AP− cells and 41% without increased GPI‐AP− cells) improved. The overall and event‐free survival rates of the +8 patients with and without increased GPI‐AP− cells at 5 yr were 100% and 100% and 59% and 57%, respectively. Examining the peripheral blood for the presence of increased GPI‐AP− cells may thus be helpful for choosing the optimal treatment for +8 patients with AA or low‐risk MDS.
The glycoprotein Ten‐m3 mediates topography and patterning of thalamostriatal projections from the parafascicular nucleus in mice
Authors: Tran Heidi , Sawatari Atomu , Leamey Catherine A.
Published: November 2014

The striatum is the key input nucleus of the basal ganglia, and is implicated in motor control and learning. Despite the importance of striatal circuits, the mechanisms associated with their development are not well established. Previously, Ten‐m3, a member of the Ten‐m/teneurin/odz family of transmembrane glycoproteins, was found to be important in the mapping of binocular visual pathways. Here, we investigated a potential role for Ten‐m3 in striatal circuit formation. In situ hybridisation revealed a patchy distribution of Ten‐m3 mRNA expression superimposed on a high‐dorsal to low‐ventral gradient in a subregion of the striatal matrix. A survey of afferent/efferent structures associated with the matrix identified the parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PF) as a potential locus of action. Ten‐m3 was also found to be expressed in a high‐dorsal to low‐ventral gradient in the PF, corresponding topographically to its expression in the striatum. Further, a subset of thalamic terminal clusters overlapped with Ten‐m3‐positive domains within the striatal matrix. Studies in wild‐type (WT) and Ten‐m3 knockout (KO) mice revealed no differences in overall striatal or PF structure. Thalamostriatal terminals in KOs, however, while still confined to the matrix subregion, lost their clustered appearance. Topography was also altered, with terminals from the lateral PF projecting ectopically to ventral and medial striatum, rather than remaining confined dorsolaterally as in WTs. Behaviorally, Ten‐m3 KOs displayed delayed motor skill acquisition. This study demonstrates that Ten‐m3 plays a key role in directing the formation of thalamostriatal circuitry, the first molecular candidate reported to regulate connectivity within this pathway.
The Effect of Moonlight on Scopoli's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea Colony Attendance Patterns and Nocturnal Foraging: A Test of the Foraging Efficiency Hypothesis
Authors: Rubolini Diego , Maggini Ivan , Ambrosini Roberto , Imperio Simona , Paiva Vitor H. , Gaibani Giorgia , Saino Nicola , Cecere Jacopo G.
Published: November 2014

Moonlight is known to affect the nocturnal behaviour and activity rhythms of many organisms. For instance, predators active at night may take advantage from increased visibility afforded by the moon, while prey might regulate their activity patterns to become less detectable. Many species of pelagic seabirds attend their colony only at night, in complete darkness, avoiding approaching their nest sites under moonlight. This behaviour has been most often interpreted as an antipredator adaptation (‘predation avoidance’ hypothesis). However, it may also reflect a lower foraging efficiency during moonlit nights (‘foraging efficiency’ hypothesis). Indeed, moonlight may reduce prey availability because preferred seabird prey is known to occur at higher depths in moonlit nights. Using high‐accuracy behavioural information from data loggers, we investigated the effect of moonlight on colony attendance and at‐sea nocturnal foraging in breeding Scopoli's shearwaters Calonectris diomedea. We found that birds departing for self‐feeding trips around the full moon performed longer trips than those departing around the new moon. On nights when the moon was present only partly, nest burrow entrances took place largely in the moonless portion of the night. Moreover, contrary to predictions from the ‘foraging efficiency’ hypothesis, nocturnal foraging activity increased according to moonlight intensity, suggesting that birds increased their foraging activity when prey became more detectable. This study strengthens the idea that colony attendance behaviour is strictly controlled by moonlight in shearwaters, which is possibly related to the perception of a predation risk.
Visual Signals of Individual Quality in a European Solitary Founding Paper Wasp
Authors: Petrocelli Iacopo , Ricciardi Giulia , Rodrigues de Souza André , Ermanni Andrea , Ninu Andrea , Turillazzi Stefano
Published: November 2014

Conventional signals are maintained via social costs and commonly used in the animal kingdom to assess conspecifics' agonistic ability during disputes over resources. In the last decade, some experimental studies reported the existence of visual conventional signals in several social wasp species, being good rank predictors in different social contexts. Females of the social wasp Polistes gallicus do not cooperate to start nests but they often try to usurp conspecific nests. Here, we showed that the reproductive females of this species have variable facial colour patterns that function as conventional signals. Wasps with larger black spots on their clypeus are more likely to successfully overwinter, are larger, and are better at fighting and at holding a nest. Furthermore, in field experiments, resident foundresses rely on facial pattern to assess usurpers' fighting abilities, modulating their defence reaction accordingly, so that rivals with larger black spot receive more aggression than rivals with smaller or no black spots on the clypeus. Our study reveals that visual recognition abilities are widespread among paper wasps that, regardless of their social biology, face similar selective pressures within competitive contexts.
Phylogenetic placement of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager, 1866) from methane seeps and non‐seep habitats on the Pacific margin
Authors: Burkett A. M. , Rathburn A. E. , Pérez M. E. , Levin L. A. , Cha H. , Rouse G. W.
Published: November 2014

Benthic foraminifera are among the most abundant groups found in deep‐sea habitats, including methane seep environments. Unlike many groups, no endemic foraminiferal species have been reported from methane seeps, and to our knowledge, genetic data are currently sparse for Pacific deep‐sea foraminifera. In an effort to understand the relationships between seep and non‐seep populations of the deep‐sea foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, a common paleo‐indicator species, specimens from methane seeps in the Pacific were analyzed and compared to one another for genetic similarities of small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. Pacific Ocean C. wuellerstorfi were also compared to those collected from other localities around the world (based on 18S gene available on Genbank, e.g., Schweizer et al., 2009). Results from this study revealed that C. wuellerstorfi living in seeps near Costa Rica and Hydrate Ridge are genetically similar to one another at the species level. Individuals collected from the same location that display opposite coiling directions (dextral and sinstral) had no species level genetic differences. Comparisons of specimens with genetic information available from Genbank (SSU rDNA) showed that Pacific individuals, collected for this study, are genetically similar to those previously analyzed from the North Atlantic and Antarctic. These observations provide strong evidence for the true cosmopolitan nature of C. wuellerstorfi and highlight the importance of understanding how these microscopic organisms are able to maintain sufficient genetic exchange to remain within the same species between seep and non‐seep habitats and over global distances.
Rethinking Domicide: Towards an Expanded Critical Geography of Home
Authors: Nowicki Mel
Published: November 2014

Domicide, the intentional destruction of home, is a concept first conceived by Canadian geographers Porteous and Smith in 2001. In the current global sociopolitical landscape, domicide and its impact is writ large, present in both the Global North and South, and spanning a variety of scales, from mass displacement through the Syrian civil war to controversial UK housing policy. However, it has been under‐represented in critical geographies of home literature. This paper calls for a resurrection and recasting of the term, highlighting the multitude of contexts in which rethinking domicide provides an important contribution towards the expansion of critical geographies of home scholarship. The paper focuses on four areas of geography in which scholars have begun to explore and extend the term: emerging literature concerning homeunmaking; socio‐symbolic domicide in the geopolitical context; domicide and heteronormativity in post‐disaster home loss; and agency and resistance to domicide through both political activism and banal resistances of the everyday. In sum, this fourfold exploration highlights both the current and potential contributions of domicide towards expanding critical geographies of home.
The Protected Area as Enclave: Towards New Geographies of Tourism and Conservation
Authors: Kroeker‐Maus David
Published: November 2014

The dramatic increase in protected areas worldwide and their use as sites of nature‐based tourism has provoked many postcolonial analyses of protected areas. This paper reviews the critical literature on protected areas, including the literatures that analyse the implication of tourism in legitimating protected areas. This paper employs a historical analysis of the use and creation of protected areas to problematise a strict postcolonial reading of protected areas and proposes the metageography of enclavisation as a new lens though which to analyse protected areas. This paper argues that treating protected areas as inter‐connected, ‘globalised’ enclaves comports with other developments within political geography (such as territorialisation and land grabbing) and opens up new possibilities for understanding the spatialities of protected areas.
Early diagnostic and prognostic utility of high‐sensitive troponin assays in acute myocardial infarction: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li W.‐J. , Chen X.‐M. , Nie X.‐Y. , Lin X.‐X. , Cheng Y.‐J. , Hu C.‐H. , Du Z.‐M. , Dong Y.‐G. , Ma H. , Wu S.‐H.
Published: November 2014

Background/Aim

To determine the diagnostic and prognostic utility of high‐sensitive troponin assays in the very early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (less than 3 h since symptoms onset) by performing a meta‐analysis of prospective studies.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified by searches of MEDLINE and Elsevier Sciencedirect until 31 January 2014 and by reviewing the reference lists from retrieved articles. Prospective studies that reported diagnostic utility in AMI using both high‐sensitive troponin assays and conventional cardiac troponin, and reported the estimates of hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prognostic utility were included. Data were extracted independently by two authors and summary estimates of association were obtained using a random effects model.

Results

Of the seven studies included, four studies reported the diagnostic utility of high‐sensitive troponin assays (2863 patients) and three reported the prognostic utility in AMI (2329 patients). Within 12 h of symptoms onset, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of high‐sensitive troponin assays were 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.91) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.92), respectively, and within 3 h, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of high‐sensitive troponin assays were 0.79 (95% CI 0.71–0.85) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–0.96) respectively. Compared with conventional cardiac troponin assays, the high‐sensitive troponin assays had higher sensitivity (0.89 vs 0.72) but lower specificity (0.89 vs 0.95) in diagnosing AMI within 12 h of symptoms onset. Within 3 h, the sensitivity of high‐sensitive troponin assays was still higher (0.79 vs 0.59), but the specificity was almost the same (0.92 vs 0.95) as that of conventional troponin assays. The elevated high‐sensitive troponin assays had an overall pooled HR of 2.66 (95% CI 1.31–5.44) and 2.14 (95% CI 1.15–3.98) for the end‐points of death and non‐fatal AMI respectively.

Conclusions

These findings provide quantitative data supporting high‐sensitive troponin assays having early diagnostic and prognostic utility in AMI.
Clinical benefits of a specialised clinic for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Beale A. , Macciocca I. , Olaussen A. , Marasco S. F. , Mariani J. A. , Ellims A. H.
Published: November 2014

Background

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common monogenic cardiac condition, with a range of investigation and management options available. Recent research has recommended management within multidisciplinary‐dedicated HCM centres.

Aim

To assess the clinical impact of attendance at a specialised clinic on the management of HCM.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients attending the HCM Clinic @ The Alfred during the first 2 years of operation was performed. Outcome measures comprised improvements in management of HCM as a result of attending the clinic including risk stratification and further investigations, medication changes, referral for implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD) and septal reduction therapy, and screening of first‐degree relatives (FDR).

Results

Following specialised clinic attendance, there was an increase in patients investigated with 24‐h Holter monitoring by 39%, stress echocardiography by 21% and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging by 70%. Medications were optimised in 47% of patients. Six per cent of patients underwent ICD implantation and 13% underwent septal myectomy. Seventy new FDR were screened identifying 10 new cases of HCM.

Conclusions

Attendance at our specialised HCM clinic leads to facilitation of cardiac investigations, optimisation of medical therapy, streamlining of referrals for ICD implantation and septal reduction therapy, and improved family screening. Referral to a specialised clinic offering comprehensive management should be considered for all patients with HCM.
Understanding Transnational Labour Market Trajectories of African-European Migrants: Evidence from the MAFE Survey
Authors: Castagnone Eleonora , Nazio Tiziana , Bartolini Laura , Schoumaker Bruno
Published: November 2014

Labor market trajectories of migrants are seldom explored in a longitudinal and comparative perspective. However, a longitudinal approach is crucial for a better understanding of migrants’ long-term occupational attainments, while comparative research is useful to disentangle specificities and general processes across destination and origin countries. This article explores the labor market outcomes of migrants from Senegal, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ghana in different European countries, using the MAFE data to compare their occupational attainments before migration, upon arrival and during the first 10 years of stay in Europe in a longitudinal perspective. Results highlight different pattern of migrants’ selection across destinations, influenced by prior employment status and education, gender and colonial legacies, and which impact subsequent trajectories into the European labor markets. Our analyses also show a severe worsening of migrants’ occupational status in Europe compared to their situation prior to migration, which is the resultant of a dramatic downgrading upon entry and of a slow occupational recovering during the first 10 years of stay in Europe. Results suggest that the educational–occupational mismatch of skilled workers might represent a long-lasting “price” for migrants, unless (further) educational credentials are achieved in destination countries.