bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of employees in continuous improvement: a study on employee participation
Authors: Yang Ying , Yang Biao , Onofrei George , Nguyen Hung , Hlaciuc Elena
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to delve into the mechanisms through which managers can enhance employee participation effectively.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) framework to identify the interrelationships among various drivers. Different levels of Continuous Improvement (CI) maturity were also considered to assess the effectiveness of these drivers on employee participation. An in-depth case study was conducted, involving the selection of four business units from a multinational manufacturer in Germany to represent varying levels of CI maturity.

Findings

This study uncovered intermediary variables that mediate the impact of drivers on the high-level MOA variables. It also revealed how the effectiveness of these drivers varies across different levels of CI maturity.

Originality/value

While different facets of CI have been scrutinized, the importance of employee participation stands out as pivotal for achieving enduring and meaningful progress. Despite this recognition, many business organizations continue to grasp with the challenge of motivating their employees to actively engage in CI initiatives. This study extends the applicability of the MOA framework and enriches the CI literature by offering deeper insights into the behavioural perspectives of employees. In practical terms, the findings of this study provide valuable guidance to decision-makers and HR department on staff training and development, enabling them to formulate more effective strategies aimed at fostering and augmenting employee participation in CI endeavours.
From mindset to market: unveiling the nexus of cognition, behavior and environment in igniting students’ E-entrepreneurial intentions
Authors: Chaudhary Manisha , Biswas Abhijeet
Published: July 2024

Purpose

India has witnessed a significant surge in internet users in recent years, creating an ideal environment for E-entrepreneurship. With the rise of E-commerce and the growth of the digital economy, there is tremendous potential for online businesses in developing nations. Our study outlines the behavioral, cognitive, and environmental aspects shaping students' E-entrepreneurial intentions (EEI).

Design/methodology/approach

Our study incorporated structural equation modeling (SEM), social cognitive theory (SCT), and entrepreneurial event model (EEM) to evaluate the EEI of 460 students from India's top five engineering institutes. The direct and indirect linkages in the model were examined by employing mediation and moderation analysis.

Findings

Our findings reveal that behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors facilitate evaluating feasibility, further igniting students' EEI. The cognitive factors and E-entrepreneurial feasibility (EEF) mediate the relationship between the underlying constructs. Furthermore, financial resource availability (FRA) strengthens, and loss aversion bias(LAB) weakens the linkage between EEF and EEM.

Research limitations/implications

The study's findings may benefit online innovation communities, potential technopreneurs, financial institutions, and policymakers in improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Originality/value

The study integrates psychological and sociological perspectives to understand the key facilitators of EEF and EEI. The study combines SCT and the EEM by appending crucial constructs such as FRA and LAB to broaden the horizons of EEI.
Attitudes of students toward domestic violence and children’s rights: a cross-sectional study and structural equation model analysis
Authors: Sarman Abdullah , Demir Acar Mukaddes
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the attitude of students toward domestic violence (DV) and children’s rights.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire design method was used to collect data. The participants of the study were university levels of associate degree students in Eastern Turkey.

Findings

Results showed that female students were more likely to approve of DV, and this difference was statistically significant. The structural equation modeling analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between students' attitude toward children’s rights and their overall attitude toward DV.

Originality/value

This research suggests that the participants had a positive view of DV and a moderate attitude toward children’s rights. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance the attitude and awareness of future health professionals about children’s rights and DV.
Effect of autonomous vehicle-related eWOM on (fe)males’ attitude and perceived risk as passengers and pedestrians
Authors: Banerjee Snehasish , Chua Alton Y.K.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study investigates how autonomous vehicle (AV)-related electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) of different polarities affects attitude and perceived risk from the perspectives of both passengers and pedestrians and whether any gender differences exist. It also seeks to identify AV-adoption user archetypes.

Design/methodology/approach

An online experiment was conducted, manipulating eWOM polarity (positive, negative or mixed) as a between-participants factor.

Findings

While eWOM polarity did not affect attitude, perceived risk was the highest in the mixed eWOM condition. Males and females differed from each other in terms of attitude toward AVs from a passenger perspective, attitude toward AVs from a pedestrian perspective and perceived risk for passengers in AVs. Four AV-adoption user archetypes were identified: AV watchfuls, AV optimists, AV nonchalants and AV skeptics.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the AV adoption literature by adding the effects of eWOM. It not only sheds light on how AV-related eWOM polarity affects attitude and perceived risk but also teases out nuances from the perspectives of passengers and pedestrians as a function of gender.
The asymmetric effect of fiscal deficits on macroeconomic stability in Nigeria: evidence from nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL)
Authors: Adedokun Adebayo , Adeniyi Isiaka Ayodeji , Olaniyi Clement Olalekan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The paper examines the asymmetric effects of fiscal deficits on selected macroeconomic variables in Nigeria, which include economic growth, exchange rates and inflation. The existing works of literature are premised on symmetry assumptions with dichotomous findings. In such situations, they suggest using a nonlinear approach as an alternative to checkmate the findings premised on linearity. This is critical, considering the perpetual fiscal deficit trends of Nigeria, which are considered a major economic problem in the country.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) estimator using secondary data collected from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

Findings

The results show that in the short run, both positive and negative shocks to the fiscal deficit have no effect on Nigeria's economic growth. The same is found on the negative shocks in the long run. However, positive shocks to the fiscal deficit have a long-run positive impact on economic growth. It is further revealed that, in the short run, positive shocks as well as negative shocks to fiscal deficits are positively related to the inflation rate. More so, long-run estimates show that positive shocks to the fiscal deficit have negative impacts on inflation, while negative shocks to the fiscal deficit have positive impacts on inflation.

Originality/value

This study introduces novelties to the understanding of the relationship between fiscal deficits and macroeconomic stability in Nigeria. It accounts for asymmetric and nonlinear features that are more aligned with the socioeconomic realities of real-world phenomena. This study also offers more insightful policy perspectives to enhance the fiscal profile of the country.
Provenance and historical warrants: histories of cataloguing at the Museum of Anthropology
Authors: Turner Hannah , Bruegeman Nancy , Moriarty Peyton Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper considers how knowledge has been organized about museum objects and belongings at the Museum of Anthropology, in what is now known as British Columbia, and proposes the concept of historical or provenance warrant to understand how cataloguing decisions were made and are limited by current museum systems.

Design/methodology/approach

Through interviews and archival research, we trace how cataloguing was done at the museum through time and some of the challenges imposed by historical documentation systems.

Findings

Reading from the first attempts at standardizing object nomenclatures in the journals of private collectors to the contemporary practices associated with object documentation in the digital age, we posit that historic or provenance warrant is crafted through donor attribution or association, object naming, the concept of geo-cultural location and the imposition of unique identifiers, numbers and direct labels that physically mark belongings.

Originality/value

The ultimate goal and contribution of this research is to understand and describe the systems that structure and organize knowledge, in an effort to repair the history and terminologies moving forward.
Animal source foods consumptions on complementary feeding during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Herwinda Kusuma , Paratmanitya Yhona , Herawati Herni Dwi , Tariani Fitri , Yugistyowati Anafrin , Samutri Erni
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Complementary feeding practices was more difficult during the COVID-19 pandemic due to economic instability, especially for animal source foods (ASFs) consumption. According to the problem, the purpose of this study was to determine the economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ASFs consumption and ASFs consumption related factors on complementary feeding in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

This cross-sectional study was targeted at mothers of children aged 6–23 months during pandemic. A total of 574 respondents were obtained through online questionnaire.

Findings

This study found that flesh food, including fish/seafood, organ meat, meat, poultry and processed meat, were associated with all economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic; in contrast, those economic impacts did not affect the dairy product and egg consumption. Multivariate analysis showed children with older age (AOR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.04–3.26), meet minimum dietary diversity (AOR: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.56–5.44) and are from high income level household (AOR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.09–2.10) contributed to ASFs consumption.

Practical implications

Other strategies aimed at enhancing food security to increase ASFs consumption on complementary feeding. The government may consider short-term emergency purchasing subsidies and macro-control of the ASFs market. Nutrition education is also required to improve knowledge related to importance of ASFs consumption for children.

Originality/value

This study reveals the association between each food group of ASFs consumption on complementary feeding and the economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
The impact of TQM on financial and non-financial performance: the mediating role of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Chaher Dorsaf , Lakhal Lassaad
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This article aims to examine the direct and indirect effect among total quality management (TQM), corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial and non-financial performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical data were collected from a survey of 120 Tunisian certified firms using questionnaires. Structural equation path modeling PLS-SEM) was performed to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate that TQM has no direct effect on financial performance (FP), while they positively impact non-financial performance (NFP) and CSR. The study also shows that CSR positively and significantly influences FP and NFP. In addition, it reveals the positive impact of FP on NFP. Furthermore, the results reveal an indirect effect of TQM on financial and non-financial performance through CSR.

Originality/value

The empirical study bridges the gap in the literature by analyzing the direct and indirect effect between TQM, CSR and performance in a single model. It also highlights the important role of CSR between TQM and financial and non-financial performance in the context of emerging countries.
AI-enabled personalized learning: empowering management students for improving engagement and academic performance
Authors: Ellikkal Adil , Rajamohan S.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In today’s highly competitive world, the purpose of this research is to emphasize the increasing significance of management education and advocate for the adoption of innovative teaching approaches, specifically focusing on artificial intelligence (AI)-driven personalized learning (PL). This study aims to explore the integration of self-determination theory (SDT) principles into management education, with a primary focus on enhancing student motivation, engagement and academic performance (AP).

Design/methodology/approach

This interdisciplinary research adopts a multifaceted approach, combining perspectives from AI, education and psychology. The design and methodology involve a thorough exploration of the theoretical foundations of both AI-driven education and SDT. The research demonstrates how these two elements can synergize to create a holistic educational experience. To substantiate the theoretical claims, empirical data-driven analyses are employed, showcasing the effectiveness of AI-enabled personalized learning (AIPL). The study integrates principles from SDT, such as autonomy, competence and relatedness, to create an environment where students are intrinsically motivated, receiving tailored instruction for optimal outcomes.

Findings

The study, rooted in SDT, demonstrates AIPL’s transformative impact on management education. It positively influences students’ autonomy, competence and relatedness, fostering engagement. Autonomy is a key driver, strongly linked to improved AP. The path analysis model validates these relationships, highlighting AI’s pivotal role in reshaping educational experiences and intrinsically motivating students.

Practical implications

This study holds substantial significance for educators, policymakers and researchers. The findings indicate that the AIPL model is effective in increasing student interest and improving AP. Furthermore, this study offers practical guidance for implementing AI in management education to empower students, enhance engagement and align with SDT principles.

Originality/value

Contribute original insights through an interdisciplinary lens. Synthesize AI and SDT principles, providing a roadmap for a more effective educational experience. Empirical data-driven analyses enhance credibility, offering valuable contributions for educators and policymakers in the technology-influenced education landscape.
Construction of knockout mutants in Mycobacterium intracellulare ATCC13950 strain using a thermosensitive plasmid containing negative selection marker rpsL+
Authors: Tateishi Yoshitaka , Nishiyama Akihito , Ozeki Yuriko , Matsumoto Sohkichi
Published: July 2024

Background

Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease has emerged worldwide over the past 20 years. However, there are currently few reports on the established technique for constructing knockout mutants of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Therefore, gene recombination techniques for nontuberculous mycobacteria require further research.

Results

We constructed vector pPR23LHR that harbors the ribosomal protein S12 gene (rpsL+) as a dominant negative selection marker and the hygromycin (Hyg) and lacZ cassettes as positive selection markers. We constructed knockout mutants of proteasomal genes, which we found to be required for hypoxic pellicle formation in Mycobacterium intracellulare by functional genomic analysis. The knockout mutants showed impaired hypoxic pellicle formation, consistent with previous data using epoxomicin, a proteasomal inhibitor.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that rpsL+ is an efficient dominant negative selection marker for gene recombination in nontuberculous mycobacteria. Our temperature‐sensitive rpsL+ method for the construction of knockout mutants will facilitate functional assays to validate the virulence factors of nontuberculous mycobacteria and the pathogenesis of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease.
Innovative chitosan‐onion polysaccharide composite films: A study on the preservation effects on cherry tomatoes
Authors: Shen Ao , Zhang Tianzhu , Li Shuzhen , Xiao Miaorong , Tian Zhijun , Zhang Jin , Lu Tongtong , Yang Weiwei
Published: July 2024

Natural preservation materials have long been a focus of research in the quality control of fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to develop composite films with exceptional preservation properties by utilizing chitosan (CS) as the film‐forming material and incorporating onion polysaccharide (ONP) as the active component. The CS‐ONP composite films were prepared, and their performance and preservation effects were evaluated. The results demonstrated that increasing the ONP content significantly enhanced the shading, antimicrobial, and antioxidant capabilities of the CS‐ONP composite films. Preservation experiments revealed that the CS‐ONP composite films effectively delayed the quality decline of cherry tomatoes during storage. However, despite the improvements brought by ONP, certain drawbacks persisted, such as reduced mechanical properties and alterations in surface structure. In summary, the CS‐ONP composite films exhibit promising potential as novel materials for fruit and vegetable preservation.

Practical Application

The spoilage of fruits and vegetables can cause huge economic losses. This study addresses this challenge by using chitosan as the film‐forming substrate and adding crude onion polysaccharide as the active ingredient to create composite films. The preservation effects of these films on cherry tomatoes were studied. Although only cherry tomatoes were tested in this study, the composite films demonstrated significant potential for broader applications in fruit and vegetable preservation.
Outcomes of Indigenous Australians undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery at a single institution
Authors: Goldblatt Joshua , Ali Umar , Ang Yi , Larbalestier Robert
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The ‘gap’ continues to exist between the Indigenous and non‐Indigenous populations within Australia, with Indigenous Australians continuing to experience poorer health outcomes, and a reduced life expectancy of 10.6 years for males and 9.5 for females. Indigenous Australians are far more likely to suffer from ischaemic heart disease. We sought to investigate the outcomes of Indigenous Australians undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) at a single institution.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study comparing Indigenous with non‐Indigenous Australians from prospectively collected data were performed for all patients who underwent isolated CABG at a single centre between 2015 and 2018. The primary endpoint was 30‐day mortality with secondary endpoints including deep sternal wound infection, new renal failure, length of stay, stroke and rate of readmission.

Results

A total of 905 patients were included in the study. The Indigenous cohort had 130 patients and the non‐Indigenous cohort contained 775 patients. The baseline preoperative characteristics were significantly different between the two cohorts, with Indigenous patients younger (55.7 vs. 64.6 years), more likely to be female (33.1% vs. 16.4%) and to be dialysis‐dependent (10% vs. 1.2%). The primary outcome was more likely in Indigenous Australians, with a 30‐day mortality rate of 3.1% compared with 0.8%. There was a higher incidence of new renal failure (12.3% vs. 5.9%), red blood cell transfusion (30% vs. 20.8%).

Conclusion

Indigenous patients undergoing CABG at our institution have significantly more co‐morbidities as well as worse post‐operative outcomes and strategies to address this are urgently required.
Lesion size and location in deep infiltrating bowel endometriosis: Correlation with gastrointestinal dysfunction and pain
Authors: Pashkunova Daria , Darici Ezgi , Senft Birgit , Bokor Attila , Hudelist Theresa , Tammaa Ayman , Hudelist Gernot
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Presence of deep infiltrating bowel endometriosis (DE) is associated with occurrence of dyschezia and gastrointestinal symptoms. The degree of the disease, the lesion length, and the location, that is, lesion‐to‐anal‐verge distance (LAVD) of DE, as well as the severity of the symptoms appear to be correlated. Nevertheless, it is not yet known to what extent the size and LAVD of bowel DE influence the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms. The present study aims to evaluate a possible correlation of lesion location (LAVD) and size (according to the #Enzian classification) with preoperative symptoms.

Material and Methods

In this prospective study, premenopausal patients with histologically confirmed DE undergoing modified limited nerve‐vessel sparing rectal segmental bowel resection or full‐thickness discoid resection were evaluated. Extent of endometriosis was defined according to the #Enzian classification during surgery. The primary outcome measure was the correlation between lesion size and location with the GI function impairment reflected by presurgical lower anterior resection syndrome (LARS) scores; the secondary outcome was differences in presurgical numeric rating scale pain scores of dyschezia, dyspareunia, and dysmenorrhea as well as the impact of concomitant DE of other locations on symptom intensity.

Results

Of 162 consecutive patients, 151 were included in the final analysis. No significant correlation was observed between lesion size (#Enzian compartments C1/C2/C3) or LAVD and GI dysfunction reflected by LARS‐like symptoms (p = 0.314 and p = 0.185, respectively) or pain symptoms (dyschezia, p = 0.440; dyspareunia, p = 0.136; and dysmenorrhea p = 0.221). Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between lesion size and GI dysfunction when merging two severity grades (#Enzian compartments C1 plus C2 vs. C3; p = 0.611). In addition, LAVD did not affect the degree of dyschezia (p = 0.892), dyspareunia (p = 0.395), or dysmenorrhea (p = 0.705). Finally, the presence of concomitant DE lesions infiltrating the vagina/rectovaginal space (#Enzian compartment A) and/or sacrouterine ligaments/parametrium (#Enzian compartment B) did not alter the severity of preoperative dyschezia (p = 0.493) or dysmenorrhea (p = 0.128) but showed a trend toward affecting gastrointestinal function (p = 0.078) and was significantly associated with dyspareunia (p = 0.035).

Conclusions

In present study, we could not find a correlation between colorectal DE lesion size and location (LAVD) and gastrointestinal function impairment or intensity of dyschezia and dysmenorrhea. Additional involvement of vagina/rectovaginal space (#Enzian compartment A) and/or sacrouterine ligaments/parametrium (#Enzian compartment B) exerts a significant impact on the degree of dyspareunia in women with colorectal DE.
The most impactful endometriosis symptom: An international, cross‐sectional, two‐round survey study
Authors: Mitchell Alice M. , Lensen Sarah , Kamper Steven J. , Frawley Helena , Cheng Claudia , Healey Martin , Chalmers K. Jane
Published: July 2024

Introduction

There is considerable variation in the types of symptoms experienced by people living with endometriosis, and it is unclear which symptoms impact people the most. This study aimed to identify the specific symptoms that are “most impactful” to people living with the condition.

Material and Methods

Two sequential online surveys were conducted. Women aged over 18 years with a diagnosis of endometriosis were eligible to participate. Participants first provided a free‐text list of all the endometriosis symptoms they experienced (Survey 1, Australian only). Responses were condensed into a shorter list by grouping symptom types and selecting the top 20 most common and most impactful. Survey 2 (international) participants reviewed the list and selected all that they had experienced in the last 3 months, nominated one as their single “most impactful symptom”, and rated its impact on one of five randomized scale types.

Results

Survey 1 and Survey 2 had 195 and 983 responses, respectively. The mean age of respondents was 30.8 ± 7.9 years. There were 275 separate symptom descriptions from Survey 1, which were condensed into 104 groups, of which 25 met criteria for inclusion in Survey 2. The most commonly experienced symptoms were abdominal pain (93% of respondents), bloating (92%), and fatigue (90%), and the symptoms nominated as causing the most impact were pelvic pain (20%), abdominal pain (15%), and cramps (7%). Nearly everyone (99.7%) in Survey 2 reported experiencing at least one pain symptom. The symptoms that generated the highest impact scores were infertility (99.8/100), irregular menstrual cycles (95.3/100), and constipation (92/100). The average impact score was 87.5/100.

Conclusions

There was substantial variation in the symptom selected as causing the most impact, and the level of impact was high. A focus on measuring the “most impactful symptom” in future research may enable us to better capture and measure the true symptom experience.
How to have the best of both worlds: Value‐based decision‐making through stakeholder value trade‐offs
Authors: Raha Aveed , Kazemi Seyed Hosein
Published: July 2024

By accounting for stakeholders' conflicting values, in this study, we argue that the conceptualization of stakeholder value trade‐offs can theoretically explain how stakeholder‐oriented managers can make value‐based decisions in pursuit of long‐term value creation for all stakeholders. Specifically, drawing on prospect theory and the value trade‐offs framework, we develop a value‐based decision‐making perspective when organizations manage for their stakeholders. Our framework encompasses four types of trade‐offs: taboo, routine, virtuous, and tragic each plays an important role in the value‐creating decision process. This interdisciplinary study proposes that managers should ground their value‐based decisions on the extent to which the chosen trade‐offs are morally justifiable. The study contributes to the current understanding of relationships between organizations and stakeholders from a decision‐making perspective.
A series of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one‐morpholine hybrids as anti‐lung‐cancer agents: Synthesis, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, ADME prediction and biological activity studies
Authors: Tokalı Feyzi Sinan , Şenol Halil , Ateşoğlu Şeyma , Akbaş Fahri
Published: July 2024

In this study, we synthesized 15 novel quinazoline‐morpholinobenzylideneamino hybrid compounds from methyl anthranilate and we assessed their cytotoxicity via in vitro assays against A549 and BEAS‐2B cell lines. Molecular docking studies were conducted to evaluate the protein‐ligand interactions and inhibition mechanisms on nine different molecular targets, while molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to assess the stability of the best docked ligand–protein complexes. Additionally, ADME prediction was carried out to determine physicochemical parameters and drug likeness. According to the cytotoxicity assays, compound 1 (IC50 = 2.83 μM) was found to be the most active inhibitor against A549 cells. While the selectivity index (SI) of compound 1 is 29, the SI of the reference drugs paclitaxel and sorafenib, used in this study, are 2.40 and 4.92, respectively. Among the hybrid compounds, 1 has the best docking scores against VEGFR1 (−11.744 kcal/mol), VEGFR2 (−12.407 kcal/mol) and EGFR (−10.359 kcal/mol). During MD simulations, compound 1 consistently exhibited strong hydrogen bond interactions with the active sites of VEGFR1 and 2, and these interactions were maintained for more than 90% of the simulation time. Additionally, the RMSD and RMSF values of the ligand–protein complexes exhibited high stability at their minimum levels around 1–2 Å. In conclusion, these findings suggest that compound 1 may be a potent and selective inhibitor candidate for lung cancer treatment and inhibition of VEGFR2, especially.
Mechanism of ferroptosis regulating ischemic stroke and pharmacologically inhibiting ferroptosis in treatment of ischemic stroke
Authors: Chai Zhaohui , Zheng Jiesheng , Shen Jian
Published: July 2024

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death that is non‐caspase‐dependent and is characterized by the production of lethal levels of iron‐dependent lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). In recent years, ferroptosis has attracted great interest in the field of cerebral infarction because it differs morphologically, physiologically, and genetically from other forms of cell death such as necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis. In addition, ROS is considered to be an important prognostic factor for ischemic stroke, making it a promising target for stroke treatment. This paper summarizes the induction and defense mechanisms associated with ferroptosis, and explores potential treatment strategies for ischemic stroke in order to lay the groundwork for the development of new neuroprotective drugs.
Tracking species recovery status to improve U.S. endangered species act decisions
Authors: Davis Olivia N. , Molano‐Flores Brenda , Li Ya‐Wei , Allen Maximilian L. , Davis Mark A. , Mengelkoch Jean M. , Parkos Joseph J. , Porreca Anthony Paul , Fournier Auriel M. V. , Tiemann Jeremy , Bried Jason , Marcum Paul B. , Carroll‐Cunningham Connie J. , Janssen Eric D. , Ulaszek Eric F. , McIntyre Susan , Price Edward P. F. , Nieset Julie , Beveroth Tara , Di Giovanni Alexander , Askren Ryan J. , Malanchuk Luke J. , Duquette Jared F. , Dreslik Michael J. , McElrath Thomas C. , Stodola Kirk , Malcom Jacob , Carter Andrew , Evansen Megan , Gerber Leah R.
Published: July 2024

Currently 1677 species are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), yet only a small percentage have been delisted due to recovery. In the fall of 2021, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed delisting 23 species due to extinction. Tracking changes in species ‘recovery status over time is critical to understanding species’ statuses, informing adaptive management strategies, and assessing the performance of the ESA to prevent further species loss. In this paper, we describe four key obstacles in tracking species recovery status under the ESA. First, ESA 5‐year reviews lack a standardized format and clear documentation. Second, despite having been listed for decades, many species still suffer major data gaps in their biology and threats, rendering it difficult if not impossible to track progress towards recovery. Third, many species have continued declining after listing, yet given the above (1 & 2), understanding potential causes (proximate and/or ultimate) can be difficult. Fourth, many species currently have no path to clear recovery, which represents a potential failing of the process. We conclude with a discussion of potential policy responses that could be addressed to enhance the efficacy of the ESA.
Individual treatment effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors on the risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A counterfactual prediction model based on real‐world data
Authors: Siriyotha Sukanya , Lukkunaprasit Thitiya , Looareesuwan Panu , Kunakorntham Patratorn , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat , Nimitphong Hataikarn , McKay Gareth J. , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: July 2024

Aim

To estimate individual treatment effects (ITEs) of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on lowering the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to identify those most probable to benefit from treatment.

Methods

This study followed a T2D cohort from Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand, from 2015 to 2022. A counterfactual model was constructed to predict factual and counterfactual risks of CKD if patients did/did not receive SGLT2is. ITEs were estimated by subtracting the factual risk from the counterfactual risk of CKD.

Results

There were 1619 and 15 879 patients included in the SGLT2i and non‐SGLT2i groups, respectively. The estimated ITEs varied from −1.19% to −17.51% with a median of −4.49%, that is, 50% of patients had a 4.49% or greater lower CKD risk if they received an SGLT2i. Patients who gained the greatest benefit from SGLT2is were more probable to be male, aged at least 60 years, with a history of diabetes duration of at least 3 months, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, diabetic retinopathy and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusions

Our prediction model provides individualized information that helps target T2D patients who may benefit more from SGLT2is. This could help clinical decision making and implementation of personalized medicine in clinical practice, especially in resource‐limited settings.
Melanoma and cannabinoids: A possible chance for cancer treatment
Authors: Galeano Mariarosaria , Vaccaro Federico , Irrera Natasha , Caradonna Emanuela , Borgia Francesco , Li Pomi Federica , Squadrito Francesco , Vaccaro Mario
Published: July 2024

The endocannabinoid system is composed by a complex and ubiquitous network of endogenous lipid ligands, enzymes for their synthesis and degradation, and receptors, which can also be stimulated by exogenous compounds, such as those derived from the Cannabis sativa. Cannabis and its bioactive compounds, including cannabinoids and non‐cannabinoids, have been extensively studied in different conditions. Recent data have shown that the endocannabinoid system is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of various skin functions such as proliferation, differentiation and release of inflammatory mediators. Because of their role in regulating these key processes, cannabinoids have been studied for the treatment of skin cancers and melanoma; their anti‐tumour effects regulate skin cancer progression and are mainly related to the inhibition of tumour growth, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, through apoptosis and autophagy induction. This review aims at summarising the current field of research on the potential uses of cannabinoids in the melanoma field.
Comparative study of optimal compression pressure between conventional Barton's dressing and prefabricate garment in parotidectomy patients
Authors: Kertpholwattana Supanut , Pongsapich Warut , Ratanaprasert Narin , Ngamying Nuttapol , Thamaphat Kheamrutai
Published: July 2024

Excessive compression after parotidectomy can lead to flap necrosis, while inadequate pressure can cause fluid accumulation. This study aimed to determine the optimal pressure and compression properties of different types of dressings. Initially, pressure measurements were taken for conventional Barton's dressing and a pre‐fabricated facial garment. In the subsequent phase, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three types of pressure dressings: conforming bandage Barton's dressing, elastic bandage Barton's dressing or pre‐fabricated facial garment. The dressing types were randomly crossed over the following day. The mean pressure exerted by conventional Barton's dressing and the pre‐fabricated facial garment was 15.86 and 14.81 mmHg, respectively. There was no significant difference in the proportion of optimal pressure among the three types of pressure dressing (p‐values of 0.195, 0.555 and 0.089 at pre‐auricular, angle of mandible and post‐auricular sites, respectively). The pre‐auricular area demonstrated the highest proportion of optimal pressure, while suboptimal pressure was noted at the angle of the mandible and post‐auricular area. Dressing types had no effect on pressure stability (p = 0.37), and there was no significant difference in patient preference (p = 0.91). Conforming bandage Barton's dressing, elastic bandage Barton's dressing and pre‐fabricated facial garment exhibit comparable compressive properties, with no significant difference in patient preference and pressure stability.
Phase transition in Eu2Zr2–xO7–2x (x = 0–1) solid solutions: A combined structural and spectroscopic study
Authors: Kong Linggen , Wang Zhiyang , Karatchevtseva Inna , Zhang Yingjie
Published: July 2024

Zirconate pyrochlores have been extensively studied as candidate waste forms for the immobilization of actinide wastes due to their flexible crystal chemistry, excellent structural stability, and exceptional radiation tolerance. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of compounds Eu2Zr2–xO7–2x (x = 0–1, step = 0.125) using a co‐precipitation route to form solid solutions between the two end members, Eu2Zr2O7 pyrochlore and Eu2ZrO5 defect fluorite. It is important to understand the pyrochlore to defect fluorite transformation as a function of Zr/Ln molar ratio. The structural investigation by x‐ray diffraction has shown the increasing cation disorder and corresponding structural transitions from the ordered pyrochlore to disordered pyrochlore, then to defect fluorite. While diffuse reflectance spectroscopy provides similar optical absorption features reflecting the presence of Eu(III) ion, Raman spectroscopy has revealed more details on the phase transition and short‐range structures. This work highlights the structural flexibility in zirconate materials as potential nuclear waste forms for the immobilization of actinide‐rich waste streams, especially suitable for the separated minor actinides.
Association between COVID‐19 vaccination and atrial arrhythmias in individuals with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Deshmukh Abhishek J. , Ahmad Rimsha , Cha Yong‐Mei , Mulpuru Siva K. , DeSimone Christopher V. , Killu Ammar M. , Mullane Steven , Harrell Camden , Kutyifa Valentina , Cheung Jim W. , Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Hayes David L. , Madhavan Malini
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The impact of mRNA‐based coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines on atrial arrhythmias (AA) and ventricular arrhythmias incidence is unknown.

Methods

BIOTRONIK Home Monitoring data and Medicare Claims data were utilized to identify individuals implanted with a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) between 2010 and 2020 who received one or more doses of COVID‐19 vaccine in 2021. The burden of AA (%) in the 3 months postvaccination was compared to those noted in the preceding 3 months using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Sub‐analyses comparing the effects of the influenza vaccine against the COVID‐19 vaccine were also evaluated for individuals who received the influenza vaccine in 2020. A 1:1 propensity score match comparison between COVID‐19 vaccine and non‐vaccinated patients was also performed.

Results

First and second doses of the COVID‐19 vaccine were administered to 7757 and 6579 individuals with a CIED (age 76.2 ± 9.0 years, 49% males), respectively. While a small but statistically significant increase in the burden of AA was noted in the 3 months postvaccination compared to the preceding 3 months after the first dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine (0.43 ± 9.04%, p = .028) a similar rise in AA was found following the influenza vaccine and for matched patients who did not receive the COVID‐19 vaccine. No significant difference in device therapies was seen pre‐ and postvaccination.

Conclusions

Though we report a small but significant increase in the number of CIED‐detected AAs following vaccination for COVID‐19 over a 3‐month window, we believe these results correlate more with time and the progressive nature of AF rather than the vaccine itself. While these data should not dissuade from the use of these vaccines, increased vigilance and prompt treatment of AF is required for high‐risk groups, specifically males over 70 years of age, following vaccination.
Puerarin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus‐induced endometritis through attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis via regulating the P2X7/NLRP3 signalling pathway
Authors: Yuan Chongshan , Liu Li , Zhao Ye , Wang Ke
Published: July 2024

Endometritis is one of the important causes of infertility. Puerarin (PU) can inhibit oxidative stress and reduce inflammation; however, it is unclear whether PU has a protective effect on the endometritis. In our study, we used Staphylococcus aureus to induce mouse endometritis. The PU group (100 mg/kg PU) and the S. aureus + PU group received daily intraperitoneal injection of PU (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg PU). The results showed that S. aureus significantly increased the levels of MPO, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in uterine tissue, and increased the expression of p‐p65 and p‐IκBα proteins in uterine tissue to induce endometritis in mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it has been found that S. aureus promotes the occurrence of ferroptosis by reducing GSH and ATP content, increasing MDA and iron content and reducing GPX4 and SLC7A11 protein expression levels (p < 0.05). S. aureus significantly increase the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase‐1 and P2X7 proteins in uterine tissue (p < 0.05). However, PU obviously reduced the inflammatory response and reversed the changes of ferroptosis and the expression of P2X7 receptor/NLRP3 pathway associated proteins of the uterus induced by S. aureus (p < 0.05). Taken together, these findings emphasize the protective effect of PU on endometritis by regulating the P2X7 receptor/NLRP3 signalling pathway and inhibiting ferroptosis.
Hypomethylation‐associated Sox11 upregulation promotes oncogenesis via the PI3K/AKT pathway in OLP‐associated OSCC
Authors: Liu Yi , Cao Peilin , Xiao Li , Tang Na , Fei Wei , Li Xue
Published: July 2024

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a particularly prevalent oral disorder with the potential to progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). SRY‐box transcription factor 11 (Sox11) has been reported to serve as a prognostic marker for various cancers. However, the role and mechanism of Sox11 in OLP‐related OSCC are unknown. Our results indicated that Sox11 was highly expressed, and that Sox11 promoter methylation was significantly reduced in OLP‐associated OSCC tissues. High Sox11 expression and Sox11 promoter hypomethylation indicate a poor patient prognosis. According to in vivo and in vitro experiments, the knockdown of Sox11 inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration while driving its apoptotic death in OSSC cells; Sox11 overexpression exerted the opposite effect as Sox11 knockdown. Mechanistically, knockdown of Sox11 inhibited PI3K/AKT and glycolysis pathway, and overexpression of Sox11 enhanced the PI3K/AKT and glycolysis pathways in OSCC cells. In addition, we demonstrated that Sox11 overexpression accelerated the progression of OSCC, at least in part by promoting PI3K/AKT pathway activation. In conclusion, our data indicated that the DNA hypomethylation‐associated upregulation of Sox11 could promote oncogenic transformation via the PI3K/AKT pathway in OLP‐associated OSCC. Therefore, Sox11 might be a reliable biomarker for predicting the progression of precancerous oral tissues.
Cover Image
Authors: Marruganti Crystal , Gaeta Carlo , Falciani Chiara , Cinotti Elisa , Rubegni Pietro , Alovisi Mario , Scotti Nicola , Baldi Andrea , Bellan Cristiana , Defraia Chiara , Fiorino Fabio , Valensin Silvia , Bellini Erika , De Rosa Antonella , D'Aiuto Francesco , Grandini Simone
Published: July 2024

The cover image is based on the Original Article Are periodontitis and psoriasis associated? A pre‐clinical murine model by Crystal Marrugant et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13996.

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Impact of molecular and histopathological findings on FIGO 2009 stage I endometrial cancer: Transition to FIGO 2023 staging system
Authors: Öncü Hande Nur , Ersak Burak , Ege Gökçen , Öztürk Neslihan , Yeşil Baran , Köksal Oğuz Kaan , Duran Firdevs Şahin , Hanedan Candost , Soysal Çağanay , Korkmaz Vakkas
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study aims to investigate the impact of integrating molecular and histopathological findings into the revised International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2023 staging system on patients initially diagnosed with stage I endometrial cancer (EC) according to the FIGO 2009 criteria.

Methods

A cohort of 197 EC patients, initially classified as stage I under FIGO 2009, underwent restaging based on the updated FIGO 2023 criteria. The patients' molecular and histopathological characteristics were documented, and their impact on upstaging was analyzed.

Results

Molecular profiling was conducted for 81.2% (160/197) of the patients, revealing that 55.3% (109/197) were classified as non‐specific molecular profile, 14.7% (29/197) as mismatch repair deficiency, 11.2% (22/197) as p53 abnormality (p53abn), and 18.8% (37/197) as unknown. Upstaging was identified in 26.9% (43/160) of the 160 patients with known molecular profiles. Among the upstaged patients, 51.2% experienced upstaging due to p53 abnormality, 20.9% due to substantial lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), 20.9% due to aggressive histological types, and 6.9% due to high grade.

Conclusions

The introduction of the molecular profile into the revised FIGO 2023 staging system for stage I EC has led to notable changes in the staging of approximately one‐fifth of patients. While p53 abnormalities have emerged as the most influential factor contributing to the upstaging, LVSI and aggressive histological types also represent significant contributing factors.
Identification, characterization and classification of prokaryotic nucleoid‐associated proteins
Authors: Schwab Samuel , Dame Remus T.
Published: July 2024

Common throughout life is the need to compact and organize the genome. Possible mechanisms involved in this process include supercoiling, phase separation, charge neutralization, macromolecular crowding, and nucleoid‐associated proteins (NAPs). NAPs are special in that they can organize the genome at multiple length scales, and thus are often considered as the architects of the genome. NAPs shape the genome by either bending DNA, wrapping DNA, bridging DNA, or forming nucleoprotein filaments on the DNA. In this mini‐review, we discuss recent advancements of unique NAPs with differing architectural properties across the tree of life, including NAPs from bacteria, archaea, and viruses. To help the characterization of NAPs from the ever‐increasing number of metagenomes, we recommend a set of cheap and simple in vitro biochemical assays that give unambiguous insights into the architectural properties of NAPs. Finally, we highlight and showcase the usefulness of AlphaFold in the characterization of novel NAPs.
Testosterone in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in men: Focus on recent randomized controlled trials
Authors: Grossmann Mathis , Wittert Gary A.
Published: July 2024

In epidemiological studies, lowered serum testosterone concentrations are common in men with obesity, prediabetes, and established type 2 diabetes (T2D). In men with prediabetes, lowered serum testosterone also predicts a future risk of T2D in men. Administration of testosterone consistently reduces fat mass and increases skeletal muscle mass—body compositional changes expected to be metabolically favorable. In men with established T2D, the effects of testosterone treatment on glycemic measures are inconsistent. Irrespective of baseline serum testosterone concentration in men with prediabetes or newly diagnosed early‐onset T2D, testosterone treatment prescribed in conjunction with a lifestyle program has been reported to reduce the risk of T2D by 40% after 2 years, suggesting that either a lifestyle program is required to facilitate the glycemic benefit of testosterone treatment and/or that testosterone treatment has more favorable effects on glycemia in men early in the evolution or onset of the disease. The durability of the benefit and longer‐term safety of testosterone treatment have not been established. Therefore, more studies are required before testosterone treatment can be recommended for the prevention and/or treatment of men with or at elevated risk of T2D who do not have hypogonadism due to an established disease of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testicular axis.