bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of cultivation technology for organic pumpkin certified by JAS (Japan) in the conditions of Primorsky region
Authors: Kirtaeva T.N. , Komin A.E. , Grishko A.I. , Evseeva E.A. , Komin P.A.
Published: January 2022

In the modern world, special attention is paid to rational use of natural resources and provision of the population with high-quality food. In this connection, the principles of organic farming are relevant both in our country and abroad, as they allow reducing the negative impact of agriculture on the environment. Primorsky Territory has significant potential for development of organic farming, as well as the possibility of exporting organic vegetables to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan. Based on the results of the studies carried out, the authors found that the soil and climatic conditions of the Partizansky District of the Primorsky Territory are suitable for cultivation of pumpkins considering the requirements of the Japanese JAS standards. Compliance with the recommended agricultural practices made it possible to obtain a yield of marketable pumpkin fruits of 11.1-12.2 c/ha with high quality indicators.
Sunflower diseases control by biological fungicides
Authors: Bushneva Nadezhda , Bushnev Alexander
Published: January 2022

The demand for organic food has grown rapidly over the last 25 years in many countries of the world. Organic farming standards require the application of biological products of disease control. The article presents the material on studying the effectiveness of fungicides based on microbiological antagonists against sunflower diseases. We carried out the study in 2020-2021 at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) (Krasnodar). We established that the fungicides Geostim Fit type E, WS based on microbiological antagonists did not reduce the germination of sunflower seeds and actively suppressed seed infection. Their effectiveness against Alternaria spp. reached 50-74 %, against Rhizopus spp. – 74–100 %, against bacteria – 76–80 %. Double treatment of sunflower plants with BFTIM, WS (different strains) reduced the frequency of bacterial blight to 37 %, of dry rot – to 60 %, of Alternaria blight – to 39 %, of Phoma rot – to 41 %, and of Fusarium blight – to 75 %. The application scheme of Geostim Fit E (G), WS; BFTIM (E), WS; BFTIM (Zh), WS showed the best economic effectiveness with a seed yield of 3.56 t/ha, net income of 122 910 rubles, and profitability of 311 %.
Experimental determination of comparative sensitivity of eimeria to chemotherapeutic preparations and phytobiotics
Authors: Yakovleva Inessa
Published: January 2022

The sensitivity of the organism of broiler chickens artificially infested with a mixture of three types of eimeria to anti-eimeria drugs used in the Belgorod region was determined. For the experiment, synthetic coccidiostatics (decoquinate, maduramycin, nicarbazine, robenidin), ionophore antibiotics (lasalocid, monensin, narazine) and a complex phytobiotic “AdiCox AR” were taken. The smallest loss of live body weight of chickens was observed when feeding them in the diet of lasalocid, then decoquinate. Feeding the specialized feed additive “AdiCox AR” ensured the preservation of gains in live weight of chickens by 19.0% less than the most effective ionophore antibiotic lasalocid in our experiments. Then, in descending order, followed: narazine 10%, monensin 20%, nicarbazine 25%, maduramycin 1%, robenidin 6.6%. In connection with the obtained results, we consider it expedient to use lasalocid 15% at a dose of 500 g / t feed, decoquinate 6% at a dose of 500 g / t feed and AdiCox AR at a dose of 300 g / tons of feed. The use of narazine 10%, monensin 20%, nicarbazine 25%, maduramycin 1% should be carried out under constant monitoring of the sensitivity of the pathogen to the listed drugs. We consider the use of robinidin 6.6% inappropriate.
The problem of ensuring food security of the Russian Federation and sustainable development of the economy in the context of energy indicators and rates of human food consumption
Authors: Vorobev K.A. , Orlova T.S. , Safiullin L.N.
Published: January 2022

In this article, the authors consider the problem of ensuring food security of territories as one of the areas of sustainable economic development. The authors' studies have shown that solution to this problem largely depends on the regulation at the state level of individually balanced human nutrition in order to ensure the optimal ratio of the components necessary for life.
Advanced digital transformations for food security
Authors: Amirova Elmira , Safiullin Ilnur , Bakhareva Olga , Sakhbieva Amina
Published: January 2022

The issues of digital transformation of the modern agricultural economy and the impact of innovative processes on its effective and sustainable functioning in order to ensure food security are analyzed in this article. The key directions for the development of digital production are shown, with the help of which the real prospects for the development of the agrarian sector of the national economy are determined. The current state of digital transformation of the agricultural sector of the economy is analyzed using modeling of the product impact and process innovations on the development of the agricultural economy. The influence of knowledge spreading in the Internet era, the development of network technologies and the use of digital platforms significantly expand the possibilities of both modern network business and business in the agricultural sector of the economy in solving problems related to the implementation of research and development in the field of digital transformation of the agricultural sector of the economy. In the conclusion, it is concluded that the development of rural areas and ensuring of food security in Russia will largely depend on the level of application of information technologies.
Process approach to organization of wild processing business
Authors: Bondareva Galina Sergeevna , Bondarev Nikolay Sergeevich
Published: January 2022

The study examines the organization of a new business for the harvesting and processing of wild plants based on the development of traditional industries, trades and crafts of rural residents. As process solutions, a block of design justifications is presented, aimed at developing practical measures on the stated topic. In particular, the emphasis is placed on the economic justification and social significance when organizing a business for processing wild plants. In the substantive part of the study, a model for calculating capital investments is presented; sources of financing for a business project are indicated. Separately, it is worth highlighting the element of practical implementation, including the technical modernization of the production process of processing raw materials, namely, the improvement of the technological process through the use of microwave vacuum drying technology. The calculation of the need for personnel is performed; the possible qualification requirements for employees are indicated. The research of the market of similar products based on information search was carried out. An overview of the average retail prices is made according to the Internet portal “Russian agro-industrial server Agroserver.ru”, on the basis of which the forecasted amounts of proceeds from sales and the expected profit from organizing a business for processing wild plants are calculated. Significant expected results are: an increase in the standard of living of the population collecting and harvesting wild plants; providing employment in rural areas; saturation of the market with products of wild plants; strengthening of competitive positions; saturation of the market with locally produced products; increasing the profitability of regional and local budgets. It is assumed that at the initial stage, the manufactured products will be sold mainly in the region. The sale will be carried out through trade networks, as well as in markets, stationary retail outlets, fairs, exhibitions, the main consumers of the products will be the population of the Kemerovo region.
Role of clusters in development of the digital ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Dorzhieva Elena , Dugina Evdokia , Alexeev Sayan , Bulatova Nadezhda
Published: January 2022

The main trends in agriculture over the past few years have been export orientation and digitalization. Since 2019, the departmental project “Digital Agriculture” has been implemented. In 2021, a draft order of the government of the Russian Federation “On the Strategic Direction in the Field of Digital Transformation of the Agro-Industrial and Fishery Complex of the Russian Federation until 2030” was developed, which provides for development of a national online platform for promoting the agricultural products and the launch of a modeling and forecasting system for the agro-industrial complex. Currently, the beneficiaries of digitalization are large agricultural holdings and the IT industry (manufacturers of sensors and software developers for machinery and equipment, software companies, fertilizer producers and telecom operators). In order for small and medium-sized farms that do not have sufficient resources for end-to-end digitalization of production and business processes to be able to join the innovation race, it is necessary to look for a format of interaction in which competition and cooperation are organically combined. The article discusses one of such forms of association – clusters; explores their potential role in development of platform network architectures; the similarities and differences of cluster and digital industrial systems are analyzed. It is concluded that the flexibility and openness of cluster structures allows actors to find their functional areas and niches and organically fit into the created digital ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex.
Model of state support for organic farming of Kazakhstan in the context of creation of international regulatory framework for the industry
Authors: Samenbetova Dilara S. , Patlasov Oleg Yu.
Published: January 2022

The paper evaluates the status and prospects for a wider market capacity of organic foods and items. The paper analyzes regulatory framework for organic market in Kazakhstan. The paper describes the conditions for the development of the organic market. The transformation of global food market structures has influenced the organic farming. Demand for organic products has been growing rapidly. Whereas the European Union has put in place at the time an effective system for regulating organic production, the EAEU, CIS, and SCO countries can see this production taking shape only now. It is argued that Kazakhstan is harnessing its agricultural potential only partially, including organic food production. The paper proves that the development of green farming entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan will enable agricultural organizations, aided by the measures of state support, to form a new niche in the market for organic products and expand the supply of organic products in the world market. New approaches are proposed for the first time in regard to formulating regulations, model laws, and recommendations of international unions.
A scenario study on the transition to a closed nuclear fuel cycle using the nuclear energy system modelling application package (NESAPP)
Authors: Andrianov Andrei A. , Andrianova Olga N. , Kuptsov Ilya S. , Svetlichny Leonid I. , Utianskaya Tatyana V.
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of a case study on evaluating performance and sustainability metrics for Russian nuclear energy deployment scenarios with thermal and sodium-cooled fast reactors in a closed nuclear fuel cycle. Ten possible scenarios are considered which differ in the shares of thermal and sodium-cooled fast reactors, including options involving the use of mixed uranium-plutonium oxide fuel in thermal reactors. The evolution of the following performance and sustainability metrics is estimated for the period from 2020 to 2100 based on the considered assumptions: annual and cumulative uranium consumption, needs for uranium enrichment capacities, fuel fabrication and reprocessing capacities, spent fuel stocks, radioactive wastes, amounts of plutonium in the nuclear fuel cycle, amounts of accumulated depleted uranium, and the levelised electricity generation cost. The results show that the sustainability of the Russian nuclear energy system can be significantly enhanced through the intensive deployment of sodium-cooled fast reactors and the transition to a closed nuclear fuel cycle. The authors have highlighted some issues for further considerations, which will lead to more rigorous conclusions regarding the preferred options for the development of the national nuclear energy system.
Première mondiale de l’optique adaptative en astronomie en 1989
Authors: Fontanella Jean-Claude , Jagourel Pascal , Kern Pierre , Lena Pierre , Rousset Gérard
Published: January 2022

La première démonstration mondiale du potentiel de l’optique adaptative pour l’astronomie a été effectuée en 1989. Ces travaux ont démontré qu’il était possible de compenser les effets de la turbulence atmosphérique et d’atteindre la limite de diffraction des grands télescopes, au moins dans le proche infrarouge. Couplée éventuellement à l’utilisation d’étoiles artificielles créées par laser, cette technologie est devenue une composante incontournable de tous les grands télescopes optiques terrestres. Les observations ayant conduit au Prix Nobel de Physique 2020 ont reposé sur les premiers développements de l’imagerie des tavelures, puis rapidement sur ceux de l’optique adaptative et de son application à l’interférométrie multi-télescopes.
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: Our Experience of Consecutive 50 Cases at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Vemula Ramesh Chandra Venkata , Prasad BCM , Kumar Kunal
Published: January 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to do a retrospective analysis of the various neurosurgical pathologies where endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was used and to evaluate the outcome and prognosis.

Methods The retrospective data collection was done for the patients who underwent ETV with or without other adjunct procedures; the results were prepared for clinical presentation, diagnosis, surgical approach, and surgical goal; and success rate and prognosis were analyzed and compared with other studies.

Results A total of 50 patients were included in the study, with overall success rate of ETV as 88%; aqueductal stenosis was the most common indication where ETV was used; headache and vomiting were the most common presenting complaints followed by ataxia and visual blurring; and ETV provided flexibility in its use with biopsy, abscess drainage, temporary external ventricular drain placement, etc.

Conclusion ETV being superior to ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for obstructive hydrocephalus provides flexibility in its use and possibly is a useful adjunct to prevent postoperative hydrocephalus after endoscopic intraventricular surgery; proper case selection in accordance to ETV success score yields a better success rate. In experienced hands with proper precautions, perioperative complications can be kept at minimum. Wherever possible, in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus, especially in patients >1 year of age, ETV should be the treatment of choice. We recommend a proper case selection, including preoperative detailed reading of sagittal magnetic resonance imaging scan, to improve the success rate with less complication.
A step beyond in steady-state and time-resolved electro-optical spectroscopy: Demonstration of a customized simple, compact, low-cost, fiber-based interferometer system
Authors: Pica Giovanni , Bajoni Daniele , Grancini Giulia
Published: January 2022

Electro-optical spectroscopy is nowadays a routine approach for the analysis of light induced properties and dynamical processes in matter, whose understanding is particularly crucial for the intelligent design of novel synthetic materials and the engineering and optimization of high-impact optoelectronic devices. Currently, within this field, it is the common choice to rely on multiple commercial setups, often costly and complex, which can rarely combine multiple functions at the same time with the required sensitivity, resolution, and spectral tunability (in both excitation and detection). Here, we present an innovative, compact, and low-cost system based on “three in one” components for the simultaneous electro-optical material and device characterization. It relies on compact fiber-coupled Fourier transform spectroscopy, the core of the system, enabling a fast spectral analysis to acquire simultaneously wavelength and time resolved photoluminescence (PL) maps (as a function of the time and wavelength), PL quantum yield, and electroluminescence signal. Our system bypasses conventional ones, proposing a new solution for a compact, low-cost, and user-friendly tool, while maintaining high levels of resolution and sensitivity.
Simulations of x-ray absorption spectra for CO desorbing from Ru(0001) with transition-potential and time-dependent density functional theory approaches
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriel L. S. , Diesen Elias , Voss Johannes , Norman Patrick , Pettersson Lars G. M.
Published: January 2022

The desorption of a carbon monoxide molecule from a Ru(0001) surface was studied by means of X-ray Absorption Spectra (XAS) computed with Transition Potential (TP-DFT) and Time Dependent (TD-DFT) DFT methods. By unraveling the evolution of the CO electronic structure upon desorption, we observed that at 2.3 Å from the surface, the CO molecule has already predominantly gas-phase character. While C 1s XAS is quite insensitive to changes in the C–O bond length, the O 1s excitation is very sensitive with the π* coming down in energy upon CO bond stretching, which competes with the increase in orbital energy due to the repulsive interaction with the metallic surface. We show in a systematic way that the TP-DFT method can describe the XAS rather well at the endpoints (chemisorbed and gas phase) but is affected by artificial charge transfer and/or incorrect spin treatment in the transition region in cases like CO, where there are low-lying π* orbitals and large exchange interactions between the core 1s and valence-acceptor π* orbitals. As an alternative, we demonstrate by comparing with experimental data that a linear response approach using TD-DFT employing common exchange-correlation functionals and finite-size clusters can yield a good description of the spectral evolution of the 1s → π* transition with correct spin and gas-to-chemisorbed chemical shifts in good agreement with experiment.
Surface reaction dependence of molecular beam epitaxy grown aluminum on various orientations of β-Ga2O3
Authors: Huynh Kenny , Liao Michael E. , Mauze Akhil , Itoh Takeki , Yan Xingxu , Speck James S. , Pan Xiaoqing , Goorsky Mark S.
Published: January 2022

An orientational dependence on the interfacial reaction between aluminum and (010), (001), and (2̄01) β-Ga2O3 substrates is addressed. Electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to assess the interface crystallinity, thickness, and chemical composition of the interfacial layers. At the interface, amorphous aluminum oxide is observed in all three samples with a thicknesses of 3.5 nm for (010) β-Ga2O3 and 2 nm for (001) β-Ga2O3 and (2̄01) β-Ga2O3. Aluminum oxide is formed at the interface as a result of a chemical reaction that reduces the Ga2O3 surface when aluminum is deposited. We propose that in Al on (010) β-Ga2O3, in which the thickest interfacial oxide layer is observed, diffusional pathways of consecutive octahedral Ga sites perpendicular to the interface promote increased interdiffusion in the out-of-plane direction. In contrast, the (001) β-Ga2O3 and (2̄01) β-Ga2O3 substrates exhibit alternating rows of tetrahedral and octahedral Ga sites parallel to the interface, where the rows of tetrahedral Ga sites act as increased energy barriers that impede interdiffusion of Al and β-Ga2O3. The orientational dependence of metal-oxide interlayers in β-Ga2O3 can impact electronic and thermal transport, pointing to the importance of understanding the impact of β-Ga2O3 orientation on interfacial properties.
Defect modeling in skyrmionic ferromagnetic systems
Authors: Del-Valle Nuria , Castell-Queralt Josep , González-Gómez Leonardo , Navau Carles
Published: January 2022

Defects are unavoidable in real materials. Defects, either intrinsic or artificially incorporated, can alter the material properties. In the particular case of skyrmionic ferromagnetic materials, defects modify the stability and dynamics of the skyrmions. These magnetic structures have aroused great interest due to their potential as information carriers. Hence, the knowledge and control of the influence of defects on skyrmions are essential for their use in applications, such as magnetic memories or information mobility. Aiming to give an overview on defect simulations, we review the most relevant approaches to simulate defects in ferromagnetic materials, hosting skyrmions depending on their size, nature, strength, and quantity.
Controlling magnetic configuration in soft–hard bilayers probed by polarized neutron reflectometry
Authors: Tang Nan , Liao Jung-Wei , Chui Siu-Tat , Ziman Timothy , Grutter Alexander J. , Liu Kai , Lai Chih-Huang , Kirby Brian J. , Gilbert Dustin A.
Published: January 2022

Hard/soft magnetic bilayer thin films have been widely used in data storage technologies and permanent magnet applications. The magnetic configuration and response to temperatures and magnetic fields in these heterostructures are considered to be highly dependent on the interfacial coupling. However, the intrinsic properties of each of the layers, such as the saturation magnetization and layer thickness, also strongly influence the magnetic configuration. Changing these parameters provides an effective method to tailor magnetic properties in composite magnets. Here, we use polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) to experimentally probe the interfacial magnetic configurations in the hard/soft bilayer thin films: L10-FePt/A1-FePt, [Co/Pd]/CoPd, [Co/Pt]/FeNi, and L10-FePt/Fe, all of which have a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the hard layer. These films were designed with different soft and hard layer thicknesses (tsoft and thard) and saturation magnetization (Mssoft and Mshard). The influences of an in-plane magnetic field (Hip) and temperature (T) are also studied using a L10-FePt/A1-FePt bilayer sample. Comparing the PNR results to the micromagnetic simulations reveals that the interfacial magnetic configuration is highly dependent on tsoft, Mssoft, and the external factors (Hip and T) and has a relatively weak dependence on thard and Mshard. Key among these results, for thin tsoft, the hard and soft layers are rigidly coupled in the out-of-plane direction and then undergo a transition to relax in-plane. This transition can be delayed to larger tsoft by decreasing Mssoft. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the magnetic configuration is critical to designing functional composite magnets for applications.
Giant barocaloric effects in formamidinium iodide
Authors: Yu Chenyang , Huang Jianqi , Qi Ji , Liu Peng , Li Da , Yang Teng , Zhang Zhidong , Li Bing
Published: January 2022

Barocaloric effect is the thermal response of materials to the external pressures, which provides a promising alternative to the current vapor-compression refrigeration. The effect has been widely observed in a variety of materials. Here, we report giant barocaloric effects in formamidinium iodide [CH(NH2)2I] that was known as the main precursor to synthesize the hybrid perovskite photovoltaic materials. The compound exhibits two successive phase transitions at 345 and 386 K, where isothermal entropy changes of about 50 J kg−1 K−1 are found under applied pressures below 60 MPa. As for the low-temperature transition with the thermal hysteresis of about 6 K, we obtain a refrigerant capacity of 179 J kg−1 under a pressure change of 100 MPa and an estimated adiabatic temperature change of about 24 K. Temperature- and pressure-dependent Raman scattering measurements indicate that the phase transitions and the barocaloric effects are attributed to influences on hydrogen bonds.
Recent developments and the future perspectives in magnetoelectric nanocomposites for memory applications
Authors: Wu Rui , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L.
Published: January 2022

This Perspective highlights the promise of magnetoelectrics for potential memory and other applications, e.g., sensors and energy harvesters, noting the challenges posed by current magnetoelectric materials and potential solutions to these challenges. While single phase materials do give strong enough magnetoelectric coupling, interface coupled composite systems show unique advantages. From the viewpoint of these composite materials and devices, we review the current status and present an outlook on possible future research directions, with particular emphasis on 3-1 type nanocomposites which are arguably the most promising composite form.
Toward autonomous materials research: Recent progress and future challenges
Authors: Montoya Joseph H. , Aykol Muratahan , Anapolsky Abraham , Gopal Chirranjeevi B. , Herring Patrick K. , Hummelshøj Jens S. , Hung Linda , Kwon Ha-Kyung , Schweigert Daniel , Sun Shijing , Suram Santosh K. , Torrisi Steven B. , Trewartha Amalie , Storey Brian D.
Published: January 2022

The modus operandi in materials research and development is combining existing data with an understanding of the underlying physics to create and test new hypotheses via experiments or simulations. This process is traditionally driven by subject expertise and the creativity of individual researchers, who “close the loop” by updating their hypotheses and models in light of new data or knowledge acquired from the community. Since the early 2000s, there has been notable progress in the automation of each step of the scientific process. With recent advances in using machine learning for hypothesis generation and artificial intelligence for decision-making, the opportunity to automate the entire closed-loop process has emerged as an exciting research frontier. The future of fully autonomous research systems for materials science no longer feels far-fetched. Autonomous systems are poised to make the search for new materials, properties, or parameters more efficient under budget and time constraints, and in effect accelerate materials innovation. This paper provides a brief overview of closed-loop research systems of today, and our related work at the Toyota Research Institute applied across different materials challenges and identifies both limitations and future opportunities.
Investigation of SiOx anode fading mechanism with limited capacity cycling
Authors: Xiao Haiqing , Fang Chen , Zheng Tianyue , Bai Hua , Liu Gao
Published: January 2022

Silicon suboxide (SiOx) is one of the promising anode materials for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, SiOx has a severe capacity fading problem during cycling. It is thus desired to investigate the detailed fading mechanisms of SiOx anode materials. In this study, limited capacity cycling was employed to examine the electrochemical behaviors of the SiOx anode, and the lithiation/delithiation cycling was limited within a range of 10% theoretical capacity. This strategy minimizes the volume variation of SiOx materials upon charging/discharging, which helps to reveal their decay factors other than volume fluctuation. It is demonstrated that the instability of the SiOx surface during cycling was likely a parallel factor of active material fading, which seems to cause unfavored electrode interface rearrangements with lowered electric conductivity.
Thickness dependence of spin–orbit torques in Pt/Co structures on epitaxial substrates
Authors: Choi Gaeun , Ryu Jeongchun , Thompson Ryan , Choi Jong-Guk , Jeong Jimin , Lee Sungjun , Kang Min-Gu , Kohda Makoto , Nitta Junsaku , Park Byong-Guk
Published: January 2022

We investigate the Pt thickness dependence of spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in Co/Pt layers grown on single crystalline SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 and amorphous SiO2 substrates. We measure the SOT-induced effective damping-like fields and spin Hall magnetoresistances of the Co/Pt (tPt) samples, where tPt varies from 0.5 to 5.5 nm. We find that the Co/Pt layers grown on the single crystalline substrates show weaker thickness dependence of the SOT than the samples on the SiO2 substrate, which cannot be explained by the conventional bulk spin Hall effect in the Pt layer. This indicates that there is a non-negligible interfacial SOT originating from the Pt/substrate interface, which is more pronounced for thinner Pt. These results provide a way to design SOT material structures with enhanced SOT efficiency by incorporating interfacial SOT.
The sound-symbolic effects of consonants on food texture
Authors: Kumagai Gakuji , Uno Ryoko , Shinohara Kazuko
Published: January 2022

This study explores the sound-symbolic effects of Japanese consonants on image of food textures. Our experiment tested whether voiced vs. voiceless plosives, at various places of articulation, could affect participants’ image of the hardness of a snack. The results revealed that both voicing and place of articulation had effects and that voicing had a stronger effect. Our results support the explanation of sound symbolism based on embodied motivation, as discussed in Cognitive Linguistics. Regarding the voicing of obstruents, the acoustic account cannot explain our results, while the articulatory and the lexical accounts are compatible with them. Regarding the place of articulation, all three accounts can explain our results. These findings can provide insights for food product marketing and related fields.
The reanalysis of VO in the history of English
Authors: De Bastiani Chiara
Published: January 2022

In this paper, I present empirical data about selected Early Middle English (henceforth eME) texts which show how the reanalysis of VO as the unmarked word order constitutes a uniform development from Old English (henceforth OE). I employ an antisymmetric framework, in which information structural (henceforth IS) and weight interface conditions govern the pre- and post-verbal spell-out of constituents. The dialectal provenance of the texts and their transmission history is considered, to allow for a comparative analysis of the data.
Should with non-past reference
Authors: Moessner Lilo
Published: January 2022

This chapter combines a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of the use of should with non-past reference in the historical periods Old English, Middle English (ME), and Early Modern English (EModE). It is based on data from the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts and the Middle English Dictionary. The quantitative analysis detects a few late ME examples, but establishes EModE as the period when should with non-past reference became firmly established, and from the qualitative analysis the conclusion is derived that should as a competitor of the present subjunctive in mandative constructions developed as a result of its meaning extension from obligation to other shades of non-fact modality.
Speech acts in the history of English
Authors: Kohnen Thomas
Published: January 2022

Throughout the history of the English language we find
different sets of speech-act verbs which seem to reflect the most prominent
speech acts. These inventories change across the periods of the English
language, revealing remarkable lexical gaps. This chapter investigates some
of these gaps and how they were filled in the course of history. The basic
result of this chapter is somewhat ambivalent. On the one hand it suggests
that the study of speech-act gaps and paths of evolution of speech acts,
together with a systematic study of speech-act loanwords is a highly
promising but completely unexplored area in historical pragmatics. On the
other hand, not all donor languages may have exerted a significant influence
in the long run.
Comprehensive characterisation of tribo-layer in a Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy during dry sliding wear
Authors: Li Daoxi , Wang Zhi , Zhao Chao , Luo Zongqiang , Yang Chao , Zhang Weiwen
Published: January 2022

The detailed characteristic of the tribo-layer in an age-hardening Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy was studied with advanced analysis techniques. A comprehensive picture of the tribo-layer was drawn from nanoscale to macroscale. The characterisation was done for the oxide layer (OL) that is easy to scaling off during the preparation of metallographic samples, showing a homogeneous mixture of oxide and nanocrystalline particles with a thickness of several micrometers. The mechanically mixed layer (MML) is a multi-layer structure. In addition, the spinodal structure and ordered intermetallic precipitates existing in the matrix were gradually transformed or disappeared in OL and MML. Furthermore, there is a nanocrystalline transformation on the top of plastically deformed layer (PDL), where thin twin-matrix lamellar structure and equiaxed nanocrystallines were formed.
Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 regulates mechanical responses in endothelial cells
Authors: Keen Adam N. , Payne Luke A. , Mehta Vedanta , Rice Alistair , Simpson Lisa J. , Pang Kar Lai , del Rio Hernandez Armando , Reader John S. , Tzima Ellie
Published: January 2022

The repertoire of extratranslational functions of components of the protein synthesis apparatus is expanding to include control of key cell signaling networks. However, very little is known about noncanonical functions of members of the protein synthesis machinery in regulating cellular mechanics. We demonstrate that the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) modulates cellular mechanobiology. eIF6-depleted endothelial cells, under basal conditions, exhibit unchanged nascent protein synthesis, polysome profiles, and cytoskeleton protein expression, with minimal effects on ribosomal biogenesis. In contrast, using traction force and atomic force microscopy, we show that loss of eIF6 leads to reduced stiffness and force generation accompanied by cytoskeletal and focal adhesion defects. Mechanistically, we show that eIF6 is required for the correct spatial mechanoactivation of ERK1/2 via stabilization of an eIF6–RACK1–ERK1/2–FAK mechanocomplex, which is necessary for force-induced remodeling. These results reveal an extratranslational function for eIF6 and a novel paradigm for how mechanotransduction, the cellular cytoskeleton, and protein translation constituents are linked.
Spin wave propagation in uniform waveguide: effects, modulation and its application
Authors: Zheng Lei , Jin Lichuan , Wen Tianlong , Liao Yulong , Tang Xiaoli , Zhang Huaiwu , Zhong Zhiyong
Published: January 2022

Magnonics, or spin waves, are one of the most promising candidate technologies for information processing beyond complementary metal oxide semiconductors. Information encoded by spin waves, which uses the frequency, amplitude and/or phase to encode information, has a great many advantages such as extremely low energy loss and wideband frequency. Moreover, the nonlinear characteristics of spin waves can enhance the extra degrees of processing freedom for information. A typical spin wave device consists of a spin wave source (transmitter), spin wave waveguide and spin wave detector. The spin wave waveguide plays an important role of propagating and modulating the spin wave to fulfill the device’s function. This review provides a tutorial overview of the various effects of coherent spin wave propagation and recent research progress on a uniform spin wave waveguide. Furthermore, we summarize the methods of modulating propagation of a spin wave in a uniform waveguide, and analyze the experimental and calculated results of the spin wave propagation profile and dispersion curve under different modulation methods. This review may promote the development of information transmission technology based on spin waves.
Recent developments on the magnetic and electrical transport properties of FeRh- and Rh-based heterostructures
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Xu Yang , Cao Cuimei , Shang Tian , Xie Yali , Zhan Qingfeng
Published: January 2022

It is fascinating how the binary alloy FeRh has been the subject of a vast number of studies almost solely for a single-phase transition. This is, however, reasonable, considering how various degrees of freedom are intertwined around this phase transition. Furthermore, the tunability of this phase transition—the large response to tuning parameters, such as electric field and strain—endows FeRh huge potential in applications. Compared to the bulk counterpart, FeRh in the thin-film form is superior in many aspects: materials in thin-film form are often more technologically relevant in the first place; in addition, the substrates add extra dimensions to the tunability, especially when the substrate itself is multiferroic. Here we review recent developments on the magnetic and transport properties of heterostructures based on FeRh and its end-member Rh, with the latter providing a new route to exploiting spin–orbit interactions in functional spintronic heterostructures other than the more often employed 5d metals. The methods utilized in the investigation of the physical properties in these systems, and the design principles employed in the engineering thereof may conceivably be extended to similar phase transitions to other magnetic materials.
Mortality from various diseases of the circulatory system in the Russian Mayak nuclear worker cohort: 1948–2018
Authors: Azizova Tamara V , Bannikova Maria V , Grigoryeva Evgeniya S , Briks Ksenia V , Hamada Nobuyuki
Published: January 2022

This paper reports on the findings from the study of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) in Russian nuclear workers of the Mayak Production Association (22 377 individuals, 25.4% female) who were hired at the facility between 1948 and 1982 and followed up until the end of 2018. Using the AMFIT module of the EPICURE software, relative risks (RRs) and excess RRs per unit absorbed dose (ERR/Gy) for the entire Mayak cohort, the subcohort of workers who were residents of the dormitory town of Ozyorsk and the subcohort of migrants from Ozyorsk were calculated based on maximum likelihood. The mean cumulative liver absorbed gamma-ray dose from external exposure was 0.45 (0.65) Gy (mean (standard deviation)) for men and 0.37 (0.56) Gy for women. The mean cumulative liver absorbed alpha dose from internal exposure to incorporated plutonium was 0.18 (0.65) Gy for men and 0.40 (1.92) Gy for women. By the end of the follow-up, 6019 deaths with DCS as the main cause of death were registered among Mayak Production Association workers (including 3828 deaths in the subcohort of residents and 2191 deaths in the subcohort of migrants) over 890 132 (622 199/267 933) person-years of follow-up. The linear model that took into account non-radiation factors (sex, attained age, calendar period, smoking status and alcohol drinking status) and alpha radiation dose (via adjusting) did not demonstrate significant associations of mortality from DCS, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease with gamma-ray exposure dose in the entire cohort, the resident subcohort or the migrant subcohort (either in men or women). For the subcohort of residents, a significant association with gamma dose was observed for mortality from ischaemic stroke in men with ERR/Gy = 0.43 (95% CI 0.08; 0.99); there were no significant associations with liver absorbed gamma dose for any other considered outcomes. As for internal exposure, for men no significant associations of mortality from any DCS with liver absorbed alpha dose were observed, but for women positive associations were found for mortality from DCS (the entire cohort and the resident subcohort) and IHD (the entire cohort). No significant associations of mortality from various types of DCS with neutron dose were observed either in men or women, although neutron absorbed doses were recorded in only 18% of the workers.
Josephson junctions based on amorphous MoGe: prospects for use in superconducting electronics
Authors: Nevirkovets I P , Belogolovskii M A , Ketterson J B
Published: January 2022

We have fabricated and characterized all-MoGe Josephson junctions with a very thin Al/AlO
x
/(Al) barrier, where the amorphous MoGe films exhibit superconducting transition temperatures up to 7 K. Due to the uniformity of the surface morphology of the MoGe films, the junctions demonstrate high uniformity of their tunneling properties. The experimental data on the temperature dependence of the subgap current agree well with theoretical calculations. The results obtained imply that Josephson tunnel junctions based on amorphous superconductors are promising candidates for use in superconducting electronics, especially in applications requiring multiple stacked junctions or the creation of a nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution.
Vertical nanowire/nanosheet FETs with a horizontal channel for threshold voltage modulation
Authors: Liu Yongbo , Zhu Huilong , Zhang Yongkui , Wang Xiaolei , Huang Weixing , Li Chen , Ai Xuezheng , Wang Qi
Published: January 2022

A new type of vertical nanowire (VNW)/nanosheet (VNS) FETs combining a horizontal channel (HC) with bulk/back-gate electrode configuration, including Bulk-HC and FD-SOI-HC VNWFET, is proposed and investigated by TCAD simulation. Comparisons were carried out between conventional VNWFET and the proposed devices. FD-SOI-HC VNWFET exhibits better I
on/I
off ratio and DIBL than Bulk-HC VNWFET. The impact of channel doping and geometric parameters on the electrical characteristic and body factor (γ) of the devices was investigated. Moreover, threshold voltage modulation by bulk/back-gate bias was implemented and a large γ is achieved for wide range V
th modulation. In addition, results of I
on enhancement and I
off reduction indicate the proposed devices are promising candidates for performance and power optimization of NW/NS circuits by adopting dynamic threshold voltage management. The results of preliminary experimental data are discussed as well.
Correlation functions and transport coefficients in generalised hydrodynamics
Authors: De Nardis Jacopo , Doyon Benjamin , Medenjak Marko , Panfil Miłosz
Published: January 2022

We review the recent advances on exact results for dynamical correlation functions at large scales and related transport coefficients in interacting integrable models. We discuss Drude weights, conductivity and diffusion constants, as well as linear and nonlinear response on top of equilibrium and non-equilibrium states. We consider the problems from the complementary perspectives of the general hydrodynamic theory of many-body systems, including hydrodynamic projections, and form-factor expansions in integrable models, and show how they provide a comprehensive and consistent set of exact methods to extract large scale behaviours. Finally, we overview various applications in integrable spin chains and field theories.
Passive concentration dynamics incorporated into the library IB2d, a two-dimensional implementation of the immersed boundary method
Authors: Santiago Matea , Battista Nicholas A , Miller Laura A , Khatri Shilpa
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we present an open-source software library that can be used to numerically simulate the advection and diffusion of a chemical concentration or heat density in a viscous fluid where a moving, elastic boundary drives the fluid and acts as a source or sink. The fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction problem of an elastic boundary in a viscous fluid is solved using Peskin’s immersed boundary method. The addition or removal of the concentration or heat density from the boundary is solved using an immersed boundary-like approach in which the concentration is spread from the immersed boundary to the fluid using a regularized delta function. The concentration or density over time is then described by the advection-diffusion equation and numerically solved. This functionality has been added to our software library,IB2d, which provides an easy-to-use immersed boundary method in two dimensions with full implementations in MATLAB and Python. We provide four examples that illustrate the usefulness of the method. A simple rubber band that resists stretching and absorbs and releases a chemical concentration is simulated as a first example. Complete convergence results are presented for this benchmark case. Three more biological examples are presented: (1) an oscillating row of cylinders, representative of an idealized appendage used for filter-feeding or sniffing, (2) an oscillating plate in a background flow is considered to study the case of heat dissipation in a vibrating leaf, and (3) a simplified model of a pulsing soft coral where carbon dioxide is taken up and oxygen is released as a byproduct from the moving tentacles. This method is applicable to a broad range of problems in the life sciences, including chemical sensing by antennae, heat dissipation in plants and other structures, the advection-diffusion of morphogens during development, filter-feeding by marine organisms, and the release of waste products from organisms in flows.
A fluid-driven soft robotic fish inspired by fish muscle architecture
Authors: Liu Sijia , Wang Yingjie , Li Zhennan , Jin Miao , Ren Lei , Liu Chunbao
Published: January 2022

Artificial fish-like robots developed to date often focus on the external morphology of fish and have rarely addressed the contribution of the structure and morphology of biological muscle. However, biological studies have proven that fish utilize the contraction of muscle fibers to drive the protective flexible connective tissue to swim. This paper introduces a pneumatic silicone structure prototype inspired by the red muscle system of fish and applies it to the fish-like robot named Flexi-Tuna. The key innovation is to make the fluid-driven units simulate the red muscle fiber bundles of fish and embed them into a flexible tuna-like matrix. The driving units act as muscle fibers to generate active contraction force, and the flexible matrix as connective tissue to generate passive deformation. Applying alternant pressure to the driving units can produce a bending moment, causing the tail to swing. As a result, the structural design of Flexi-Tuna has excellent bearing capacity compared with the traditional cavity-type and keeps the body smooth. On this basis, a general method is proposed for modeling the fish-like robot based on the independent analysis of the active and passive body, providing a foundation for Flexi-Tuna’s size design. Followed by the robot’s static and underwater dynamic tests, we used finite element static analysis and fluid numerical simulation to compare the results. The experimental results showed that the maximum swing angle of the tuna-like robot reached 20°, and the maximum thrust reached 0.185 N at the optimum frequency of 3.5 Hz. In this study, we designed a unique system that matches the functional level of biological muscles. As a result, we realized the application of fluid-driven artificial muscle to bionic fish and expanded new ideas for the structural design of flexible bionic fish.