bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of rock skink (Scincidae: Liopholis) from the Central Ranges bioregion of arid Australia
Authors: FARQUHAR JULES E. , MULDER JORDAN A. , RUSSELL WYN , HAINES MARGARET L. , RANGERS ANANGU , CHAPPLE DAVID G.
Published: October 2024

A new species of rock skink Liopholis Fitzinger 1843 (Scincidae) is described from the Mann-Musgrave Ranges of north-western South Australia. Liopholis margaretae sensu lato (Storr 1968) is currently known to occur in two disjunct populations: the MacDonnell Ranges bioregion and nearby regions in the Northern Territory, and the Central Ranges bioregion in South Australia. Based on morphological examination of both museum and field specimens, as well as on newly generated molecular data, we show that specimens from these two ranges constitute distinct species. The new species, Liopholis aputja sp. nov. is endemic to a specific geological landform (Mann-Musgrave Ranges) within the Central Ranges bioregion, and is estimated to have diverged from the MacDonnell Ranges population during widespread aridification of the Miocene. Liopholis aputja sp. nov. is distinguished from congeners by a combination of its moderately large size (SVL up to 135 mm), relatively pointed snout, smooth dorsal scales, black and calloused subdigital lamellae and soles of feet, and possessing usually six supraciliary scales and usually four enlarged ear lobules. This new species adds to the list of endemic herpetofauna recognised in the Central Ranges bioregion.
First record of the genus Scaptesyle Walker (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini) from mainland China with description of a new species from Xizang
Authors: XU YONG-QIANG , VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , HUANG SI-YAO
Published: October 2024

The genus Scaptesyle Walker, 1854 is recorded from mainland China for the first time, with a new species, S. sinotricolor Huang & Volynkin sp. nov. described from SE Xizang Autonomous Region. The comparison is made with S. tricolor Walker, 1854 and S. plumosus Rothschild, 1912. The lectotype has been designated for Scaptesyle tricolor Walker, 1854. The adults and genitalia of the aforementioned species are illustrated.
Principle and Application for Rumination Computing Algorithms
Authors: Zhu Ping , Lv Pohua , Zou Weiming , Jiang Xuetao , Shi Jin , Zhang Yang , Ma Yirong
Published: October 2024

To fully analyze, mine, and utilize the information and knowledge implied in problem resolving use cases, this paper proposed the autonomous learning method based on machine inducting, hypothesis formulating, and result verifying, which was similar to the biological process of cows ruminating, called rumination computing. Firstly, after inducting and summarizing over 1080 mathematic application problem, the system architecture and general algorithm for humanoid automatic resolving mathematic application problems were represented, which typically included functional modules such as commonsense knowledge base, domain knowledge base, and local knowledge base, preprocessing, word segmentation and part of speech tagging, semantic framework matching, global semantic analyzing, thinking mechanism implementing, etc. Secondly, after the use case solutions were approved, three typical rumination computing modes, including vocabulary sequence, semantic relationship, and computing action, were introduced based on the correct results, resolving steps, and basic rumination actions. The rumination computing step plan was formulated, new knowledge was obtained from the commonsense and results verification, so the continuous autonomous learning loop for machine thinking was formed. Detailed explanations were provided for the three core algorithms implemented (rumination framework algorithm, rumination semantic algorithm, rumination action algorithm). Then, by specific mathematic application problem humanoid resolving user cases, the above three types of rumination computing modes were illumined.
An Investigation on the Food and Feeding Habit of Sarotherodon Galilaeus (Cichlidae) in Egbe Reservoir, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Olawale Adu , Odedeyi Dominic
Published: October 2024

A study on the food and feeding ecology of Sarotherodon galilaeus, a species of cichlid found in Nigeria's Egbe Reservoir. For the investigation, 305 fish specimens were used. The stomach contents were analyzed using diet indices such as stomach fullness, numerical approach, and frequency of occurrence method. Additionally, the Geometric Index of value (GII) was used to determine the relative value of these food products. The findings showed that both adult and juvenile Sarotherodon galilaeus fed on nine various food sources. The variety of food items included rotifers, algae, desmids, diatoms, protozoa, detritus, aquatic insects, aquatic plants, and insect larvae. The inclusion of detritus in the food items suggests that the fish species graze on both surface water and bottom sediments. Algae had the highest frequency of occurrence (46.39%) in both sizes and seasons, whereas rotifer had the lowest value (1.55%). Since it is possible to create the artificial diet required for this species' mass production in Nigeria, the findings of this study are very significant for the culture of that species. Sarotherodon galilaeus can be classified as an omnivore because it consumed a variety of foods. Since feeding accounts for 60–65% of the aquaculture industry for any species being raised, research on fish diet and feeding habits is essential to developing an effective aquaculture management system. As a result, the fish species may be raised in our garden.
Research on Resistance Monitoring, Risk Assessment, and Mechanisms of Megalurothrips usitatus
Authors: Rui Gong , Lifei Huang , Xuemei Cao , Huanting Wang , Hongquan Liu , Lang Yang
Published: October 2024

Megalurothrips usitatus, also known as common thrips or cowpea thrips, is a widely distributed and highly destructive pest, primarily infesting legume crops. Due to its short generation cycle, high reproductive capacity, and concealed lifestyle, the effectiveness of chemical pesticide control has been continuously diminishing with the modernization of agricultural production and the extensive use of pesticides. Megalurothrips usitatus has gradually developed resistance to various commonly used pesticides, with resistance levels increasing year by year, thus exacerbating the difficulty of pest management and causing significant economic losses to agricultural production. Scholars, both domestically and internationally, have conducted in-depth research using methods from morphology, molecular biology, and ecology, showing that there are three main causes of pest resistance: enhanced detoxification enzymes, reduced sensitivity at target sites, and decreased cuticle penetration. These findings provide a wealth of theoretical support for resistance monitoring and management. The resistance of Megalurothrips usitatus to multiple pesticides is not only a local issue but also affects global agricultural sustainability. Research on the monitoring, risk assessment, and mechanisms of resistance in Megalurothrips usitatus contributes to prolonging the effective use of pesticides, improving control outcomes, and enhancing both the yield and quality of cowpea crops. These studies also provide a scientific basis for developing more effective control strategies and ensuring sustainable agricultural development.
A Review Paper on IPv4 and IPv6: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Hossain Md. , Binti Jesmin , Uddin Md.
Published: October 2024

Even though more customers are regularly coming to the Internet, IPv4 addresses have been reduced by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and have been deactivated in domain name registries (RIRs). IPv6, being the sole important next-generation Internet protocol, has yet to be fully developed and deployed, owing to the lack of a scheme that might address the transfer of IPv4 resources to IPv6 networks as well as collective communication between the two incompatible protocols. The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet protocol version 4 (TCP/IPv4) addresses have been reported as being on the verge of collapsing, while the next generation Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is being identified on a regular basis. Among other advantages, IPv6 provides a significantly wider address space, better address design, and more security. IPv6 distribution necessitates a thorough and meticulous setup in order to avoid network disturbance and reap the benefits of IPv6. Because of the problems with IPv4, IPv6 is currently becoming increasingly popular among organizations, businesses, and Internet Service Providers (ISP). This paper we will explores the evolution of Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), its key features, challenges, and limitations, and examines how Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addresses these issues. Additionally, we will highlight the key differences between the two protocols and discuss the transition process from IPv4 to IPv6.
Deciphering the Symptom Spectrum: A Comprehensive Analysis of Migraine Patterns and Types
Authors: Hasan Firoz , Khatun Rubina , Salman Engr. , Mahmud Tarek , Raza Dewan , Nahid Aynul
Published: October 2024

Complex neurological diseases like migraine migraine affect a large section of the global population, causing health, social, and economic issues. Migraine causes intense, painful headaches that are usually one-sided and pulsing. Auras, nausea, vomiting, and excessive light and sound sensitivity may precede these episodes. Migraine affect millions worldwide and can be intermittent or persistent, impairing function. Diet and stress may induce it, but the cause is unknown. Prevention and symptom treatment drugs and lifestyle changes are used. Debilitating migraines are hard to diagnose due to their varied presentation and subjective symptom reporting. Traditional migraine diagnosis, based on clinical evaluation, typically fails to classify migraine types, requiring more objective and rigorous instruments. This study proposes a machine learning-based migraine categorization method to address this issue. The dataset includes different patient demographics and clinical variables; thus, we use complex algorithms like Random for Forest, XGBoost, and Extra Trees. These algorithms are great for deciphering migraine patterns because they excel at evaluating complex datasets. The research seeks to close this gap to improve migraine classification accuracy, objectivity, and reliability, enabling tailored migraine management and treatment. This neurology study could im- prove migraine diagnosis and treatment with more effective and personalized plans.
A Study on the Correlation Between Sarcopenia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Zhai Yu
Published: October 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that affects the entire body. Sarcopenia, one of the adverse manifestations of the whole body, can lead to a variety of adverse outcomes. The worldwide studies have shown that sarcopenia was associated with COPD. This article aims to further enrich this research direction by focusing on the relationship between sarcopenia and COPD in Chinese inpatients. The subjects of this study were patients hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Rongchang People's Hospital of Chongqing from July 2022 to May 2024. After bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), test of 6 m walking speed, and tests for upper grip strength were accomplished, the sarcopenia can be diagnosed. According to the presence of chronic airflow limitation, which assessed by post-bronchodilator spirometry, we diagnosed COPD. COPD and sarcopenia as two variables, simple correlation analysis was adopted for them. The subjects were classified into sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenia group. And then, the correlation between sarcopenia and COPD was assessed with binary logistic regression analysis. Finally we get the results. Spearman's correlation coefficient for sarcopenia and COPD was 0.166 (p<0.05). While, COPD was not an independent risk factor to sarcopenia in the binary logistic regression analysis. Therefore, this study draws conclusions that COPD and sarcopenia is associated, but not linked independently.
Clinical Features and Risk Factors of 134 HA-PTE Patients
Authors: Zheng Yang , Chunlong Wu
Published: October 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical features and risk factors for hospital-associated pulmonary thromboembolism (HA-PTE) in Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province. Methods: The clinical data of 513 pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) patients who were admitted to Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province in from January 1st, 2020, to December 31st, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. The HA-PTE group and the community-associated PTE (CA-PTE) group were classified according to whether these disorders occurred during hospitalization or within a 90-day period of admission to the hospital (including inpatients with at least two days of hospitalization stay or a surgical procedure under or regional anesthesia). Differences in clinical features, risk factors and other indicators were also analyzed between the two groups. Results: A total of 513 patients with acute PTE were analyzed in the present study. Among them, 134 patients had HA-PTE, and 379 patients had CA-PTE. Patients in the HA-PTE group had less dyspnea or hemoptysis and more fever and chest pain. The all-cause mortality rate in the HA-PTE group was greater than that in the CA-PTE group, but it was not statistically significant. In comparison to community-acquired pulmonary thromboembolism (CA-PTE), long-term bed rest, active malignancy, lung infection, acute cerebral infarction, and fracture were observed as more prevalent risk factors in the hospital-acquired pulmonary thromboembolism (HA-PTE) group. Additionally, recent surgery (within one month post-operation) and central venous catheterization were identified as independent risk factors in the HA-PTE group. According to the subgroup analysis of the HA-PTE group, the all-cause mortality rate of patients who experienced HA-PTE in the hospital was lower than that of patients who experienced HA-PTE which in 90 days after admission (1.56% versus 2.85%, respectively); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: More than half of the HA-PTE events were associated with recent hospitalization. HA-PTE and CA-PTE have different risk factors; when combined with different clinical symptoms, they have a higher incidence of HA-PTE occurring in the hospital. More attention should be given to inpatients to reduce the incidence of HA-PTE.
Identification of Resistance to Puccinia striiformisf. sp. tritici (Pst) in Some Commercial and Elite Bread Wheat Lines
Authors: Yirga Fikrte
Published: October 2024

Stripe rust is caused by Puccinia striiformisf. sp. tritici (Pst) threatening wheat production in Ethiopia. The emerged virulent stripe rust races at one point of the world spread to the rest of wheat-producing countries by the wind as well as human travels and damaged popular resistant wheat cultivars thereby posing food insecurity. However, wheat cultivars succumb to new Pst race (s) soon after their release from research centers. This study aimed to determine stripe rust resistance in some Ethiopian commercial and elite bread wheat lines. In 2017, a total of 37 commercial and elite bread wheat lines were exposed to stripe rust in under the disease hot spot areas (Kulumsa and Meraro) Arsi zone Oromia regional state. In the second year (2018), 22 promising lines consisting of 16 commercial bread wheat and 6 elite’s lines were evaluated both at seedling and adult plant growth stages. The seedling test was conducted in the greenhouse at Kulumsa research center using three Pst races. In field evaluations, terminal severity (TRS), coefficient of infection (CI), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), disease progress rate (DPR), and spike infection (SI) were considered. Of the 37 commercial and elite bread wheat lines, 19 (51.4%) exhibited lower or equal disease reaction compared to the resistant check (Enjoy) across locations and seasons. Eleven bread wheat lines showed both adult plant and seedling resistance. The 37 commercial wheat lines that showed field resistance was further exposed to three Pst races at the seedling stage and 11 exhibited seedling resistance to all races. This study has identified seedling and adult plant resistance in some commercial and elite bread wheat lines to the prevailing Pst races.
Healthcare Seeking Behaviour and Associated Factor Among Community Based Health Insurance Members and Non-Members in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Weldeyohannes Oliyad , Legesse Menelik , Teklemariam Selamawit
Published: October 2024

Background: Community based health insurance (CBHI) is voluntary, non-profit health insurance. It helps to mobilize additional resource to the health sector. Community Based Health Insurance uses principles of insurance, members pay fees to the insurance scheme and in return their health service cost is covered by the scheme. This way risks can be shared among individuals and financial inputs pooled between individuals who need health service but are not able because they cannot afford it and those who are well but pay premium. Objective: To assess health Care seeking behavior and Community based health insurance among members and non-members in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2023. Methodology: A community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 580 households included in this study. Data was collected by data collectors using a standardized questionnaire through interviews. Associated factors for healthcare seeking behavior is identified by binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis and expressed by adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Multivariate analysis also used to control the effect of confounders. Result: Healthcare-Seeking Behavior of the Study Participants Factors Associated with Healthcare-Seeking Behavior participants the study indicated that the decision-making to visit a health facility for illnesses, disease severity, and CBHI membership had a statistically significant association with HSB. Conclusion: The overall household Health Seeking Behavior was 56.3% for Community Based Health Insurance members and 43.7% for non-Community Based Health Insurance members. Membership status has significant positive effect on healthcare seeking behavior. Decision- making process to visit a health facility for illnesses, disease severity was positively associated with membership status.
Suppletion and Compensation in the Clinic of Ordinary Psychoses
Authors: Balzarini Marco
Published: October 2024

This work aims to differentiate two modalities of response of the subject to the confrontation with non-dialectizable jouissance: symptomatic substitution through the Borromeo node and conformist identification through the imaginary register. Such differentiation is based on one direction: the clinic of operation. The orientation of this clinic is based on this back and forth of difference and similarity between both responses of the subject to the real, which establishes a contradiction that must be sustained, a contradiction that underlies what is proposed in this work as the beginning of a new paradigm in psychopathology given by the field that opens with the signifier introduced by Jacques-Alain Miller, ordinary psychoses, and that continues with the idea of this functional paradox. The question that leads is how does a new paradigm arise in psychopathology of the categorical, but functional distinction between the modalities of possible response of an ordinary psychotic subject to the confrontation with the real of jouissance? The methodology to carry out this research will be the review of the bibliographic background, the subsequent ordering and the operation of the content analysis in the differential categories mentioned from a qualitative approach. It is concluded that psychosis, from this functional paradox, is not a disease, but the introduction of a new logic that could constitute a paradigm in the current psychiatric clinic.
Scheduled Surgery and Antibiotic Therapy in Catarrhal Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Prudence Rahantasoa , Judicael Rakotonaivo , M. Razafimandimby , Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary , Hervé Samison
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the appendix. Appendectomy remains one of the most frequently performed digestive surgeries in the world. The degree of urgency of this surgery and the increasingly proven efficacy of antibiotics still remains a debate. The main objectiveof our study is to compare the therapeutic results of a programmed appendectomy initially treated by antibiotic versus emergency appendectomies performed from the outset in casesof simple acute appendicitis. Patients and method: Our comparative study was carried out at the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital from 01th August 2021 to 31th July 2022. Group A included simple acute appendicitis patients who underwent emergency surgery, while group B included patients who had been treated with antibiotics for ten days before undergoing surgery. Results: Our cohort of 95 patients comprised 70 patients (group A) versus 25 patients (group B). Twenty-three patients (92%) in group B had a Clavien-Dindo I score compared with 74.3% in group A. Parietal infections were 21% (group A) vs 4% (group B). There was no significant difference inpatient outcome between the two groups. Conclusion: Antibiotic therapy has already proved effective in the treatment of simple acute appendicitisin recent years, and means that emergency surgery can be avoided. However, the timingof surgery remains debatable in fragile patients.
The Role of Sorghum in Enhancing Food Security Among Smallholder Farmers in Makueni County, Kenya
Authors: Mutua Kinyili , Mwaura Jane
Published: October 2024

In the wake of climate change and prevailing food insecurity, there has been increased attention on crops that can withstand harsh climatic conditions and have the potential to sustain livelihoods. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is among the cereal crops with the potential to address these unprecedented challenges. It grows in arid and semi-arid regions characterized by unpredictable weather patterns, rising poverty levels, and food insecurity. In Kenya, sorghum ranks third in terms of production and importance. Nevertheless, there is prevailing food insecurity in Makueni County, where sorghum thrives well. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the role of sorghum in enhancing food security among smallholder farmers by establishing the potential factors influencing sorghum production and income from sorghum. A multistage sampling method was used to select a sample of 96 respondents. Data analysis involved the use of multiple linear regression model and gross margin analysis. The results indicated that experience, household size, and extension service influence sorghum production positively, while distance to all-weather roads and off-farm income have a negative effect. Gross margin results revealed sorghum is a profitable enterprise with an average net farm income of about 10,760 KES per acre. This suggests that sorghum production improves the income of sorghum-producing households and consequently enhances food security. The study, therefore, proposes strategies such as developing appropriate training facilities and strengthening extension services to boost sorghum production and thus promote food security among smallholder farmers. Furthermore, national and county governments should develop efficient road networks and provide incentives to sorghum producers to enhance access to services and markets, and foster specialization in sorghum enterprise.
Farmers’ Perception on Pesticide Use and Pest Management of Vegetable Crops: In the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia, in the Case of Fogera Plain
Authors: Mitku Geteneh , Asefa Endalew , Abebaw Yinebeb
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of training on smallholder farmers' pesticide handling practices, perceptions, and behaviors, with a focus on the correlation between training and several key factors, including pesticide storage, pest identification skills, pest management strategies, pesticide application frequency, information sources, protective equipment use, pesticide mixing habits, and disposal of empty pesticide containers. The research highlights that training plays a significant role in improving farmers' pesticide handling practices, although some areas still require additional education or interventions for further improvement. Significant associations were found between training and pest identification abilities. Farmers who received training were more adept at recognizing pests such as onion thrips (X2 = 17.130, p < .001), downy mildew (X2 = 10.221, p = 0.001), fruit borers (X2 = 26.246, p < .001), and white flies (X2 = 3.226, p = 0.072) compared to untrained farmers. Trained farmers were also more likely to seek reliable information from extension workers (X2 = 13.18, p < 0.001), chemical dealers (X2 = 15.44, p < 0.001), personal experience (X2 = 8.03, p = 0.005), and product labels (X2 = 14.36, p < 0.001), whereas untrained farmers were more inclined to guess or rely on informal sources (X2 = 21.85, p < 0.001). Regarding pesticide storage, trained farmers were more likely to store pesticides safely, away from living areas, children, and animals, whereas untrained farmers often stored pesticides indoors. Training also affected mixing practices, with trained farmers less likely to mix pesticides near water sources (X2 = 6.4, p = 0.01) and more likely to mix them in the field (X2 = 51.38, p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in practices such as mixing pesticides according to the recommended doses (X2 = 3.15, p = 0.08) or mixing different types of pesticides (X2 = 0.31, p = 0.58). Trained farmers demonstrated better adherence to safety protocols, such as using personal protective equipment (PPE) and avoiding pesticide mixing at home. They were also more likely to triple-rinse spray tanks and avoid discharging pesticides into irrigation ditches. However, no significant differences were observed in reading pesticide instructions before spraying (X2 = 0.24, p = 0.63), indicating a need for further emphasis on this aspect during training. Overall, the study confirms that training significantly improves safe pesticide handling but suggests areas for further education and intervention.
Measuring Multi-Dimensional Mobile Behavior Effect on Inclusive Finance: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Chi , Tso Geoffrey , He Kaijian
Published: October 2024

Credit Invisible is one key area that many countries put much effort to solve in decades. According to the 2020 World Bank statistics, for example, there are over 500 million Chinese and 45 million American, classified as credit invisible who don’t have banking and finance history in bank or credit bureau, making them difficult to borrow money from financial institution. Previous studies adopted different non-financial information to evaluate one’s credit worthiness and status to address this issue. However, they provide little information about how real mobile user interactions can be used to solve this issue in inclusive finance. This paper proposes a novel data generative framework to fusion APP data, call detail record data and SMS data with a total of 4,689 attributes derived from a large-scale mobile dataset. We then construct a unique set of mobile behavior-driven credit risk factors based on statistical diversity, intensity, consistency, and regularity of mobile user behavior characterizing user preferences, attitudes, geolocation, and temporal patterns. Empirical analysis demonstrates that the newly discovered mobile behavior factors are useful as new inputs for credit scoring and proves the factors representing new source of positive and negative credit information. Decision tree analysis and Quantile regression are conducted to validate effect of these factors to credit default. It facilitates credit assessment based on non-financial data for the credit invisible people, which promoting inclusive finance to larger community in society. We also analyze implications of mobile user characterization findings in relation to credit default which helps decision makers to optimize credit policy and product design.
Diversity of the Chicken Growth Hormone Gene and Effects on Growth Desi and Fayoumi Chicken Traits at District Kashmore, Sindh-Pakistan
Authors: Jakhrani Shahid , Ujan Javed , Ujjan Safdar , Ghumro Shaista
Published: October 2024

Chicken growth hormone (cGH) gene, one of the candidate genes for economic traits that control body weight and fat deposition, is associated with regulating both growth-axon patterning and metabolism. The growth hormone gene located on the chromosome 2 it enhances and encodes growth hormones as well as protein which are responsible for regulating of growth and development of body tissues. Growth hormone gene as economically very important because of growth rate, efficiency of feeds, body weight, and also for egg production. It also used for the Genetic Engineering for production of desirable GH- related genes. Genomic DNA from four different chicken breeds were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cGH gene by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as sequencing. SNPs and Nucleotide Diversity of the cGH Gene PCR amplification of 700 bp region from each individual from two chicken breeds was performed, which covered partial exons/introns encoding fragments corresponding to the investigated translated peptide. An average of one SNP was found every 86 bp, with a total of eight SNPs discovered. Nine SNPs were in introns, while 4 and one each was in the 5'UTR and 3'UTR respectively of these, five of them (01 from GWAS linkage signals) had significant associations.
Resume Optimization Model Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Onukwugha Chinwe , Ofoegbu Christopher , Aliche Obinna , Betrand Chidi
Published: October 2024

In the contemporary job market, where competition is fierce and employers are inundated with an ever-growing pool of resumes, the need for effective resume optimization has become paramount. Resumes serve as the first point of contact between job seekers and potential employers, playing a pivotal role in shaping initial perceptions. However, the traditional approach to resume crafting often lacks a systematic and data-driven methodology. A well-crafted resume plays a crucial role in securing employment opportunities. However, crafting an effective resume that resonates with both human recruiters and Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) can be a daunting task. By employing natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms Multinomidal Naïve Bayes (MNB) and K Nearest Neighbour (KNN), this system extracts relevant features from resumes, such as keyword relevance, formatting styles, content organization, and overall readability. Through supervised learning models trained on a diverse dataset of resumes, the system can predict the effectiveness of a resume and generate actionable insights. Overall, the KNN model demonstrated effectiveness in automating the resume screening process, of 87% accuracy. The developed system not only provides accurate predictions but also offers interpretable explanations, enabling users to understand the factors contributing to the model's decisions. The system has the potential to benefit both job seekers and employers by facilitating better matches between candidates' qualifications and job requirements.
Exploring an Understanding of Menarche and Its Challenges Among Primary School Girls in Tanzania
Authors: Ntawigaya Noel , George Joyce
Published: October 2024

This study examines the understanding and challenges of menarche among primary school girls in Tanzania, addressing three key objectives: assessing awareness of menarche and its associated challenges, evaluating management strategies, and determining the impact of menstrual disorders on academic performance. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach with questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, data were collected from four primary schools involving 60 female pupils from standards five to seven and four matron teachers. Findings reveal that while 51.7% of pupils have some understanding of menstruation, nearly 50% remain uninformed, especially in lower grades. The study also shows that menstruation onset is a significant developmental milestone, with 85% of Standard Seven pupils menstruating compared to 25% in Standard Five. Challenges such as stomach pains, lack of appetite, and inadequate access to sanitary products were also reported by 45% of students. Infrastructural deficits, including a lack of private changing rooms and proper disposal systems, were further reported to hinder effective menstrual management. Additionally, traditional practices for managing menstrual pain were reported, highlighting the need for integrating professional medical advice. Furthermore, menstrual challenges led to absenteeism, decreased concentration, and reduced confidence among girls, which directly affected their educational outcomes and exacerbated gender disparities in education. Based on these findings, the study advocates for early menstrual education, improved school infrastructure, and comprehensive support systems to enhance girls’ well-being and academic success, presenting menstruation as a socio-educational issue that requires a holistic, integrated approach from all stakeholders.
A Simulation and Experimental Platform for Communication Courses Based on Digital Signal Processor
Authors: Ren Haoqi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a simulation and experimental platform is designed and implemented to overcome the shortcomings of the existing experimental platform for communication related courses. Firstly, the overall scheme of the simulation and experimental platform are introduced, including the specific hardware composition and supporting software. Secondly, the implement details are described in the following order: system composition, peripherals, hardware accelerator, and interface to the host computer. The main system is based on an independently developed digital signal processor, which may relieve the bottleneck problem of imported chips. Using FPGA to implement peripherals enhances the flexibility of the entire system and provides the ability for further development. The feasibility of reducing the cost is then discussed. Thirdly, the design and implementation of the simulator, compiler and assembler, debugger and other tools are introduced respectively. The simulator can operate under normal mode and debugging mode. The former can be used for ordinary experiments for teaching purpose, while the latter is for further development of graduated students. Finally, the prepared experimental projects are shown, including 6 basic experiments and 6 communication algorithm experiments. With the help of these experiments, students can better understand the principles and implementation of corresponding communication algorithms, and experience how different parameters may impact on the communication results, by modifying the configuration of the experimental system. The demonstrations of prototype prove that the simulation and experimental platform can meet the needs of communication related courses. The future work includes developing more experimental projects, raising integration to reduce the costs, and improving the entire system based on student feedback.
The Feedback of Ocean Cold Wakes on Three Successive Northward-Moving Tropical Cyclones in 2022
Authors: Liu Xin , Duan Yihong , Shen Xingchen
Published: October 2024

In 2022, three tropical cyclones (TCs) successively moved northward in the northwest Pacific. Both the preceding and subsequent TCs can cause obvious sea surface temperature cooling (SSTC), which may last from a few days to a month. In this study, an uncoupled atmosphere-only model and a coupled ocean–atmosphere model were employed to investigate the effects of the SSTC caused by the preceding TCs on the track and intensity of the subsequent TCs. The results indicated that in the atmosphere-only simulations, the subsequent TC had a northeast shift in the track and a reduced intensity. The ocean–atmosphere coupled simulations showed similar TC track adjustments, but different TC intensity change results. The analysis suggested that the deviation of the TC track is the combined effect of the changes in the steering flow, beta drift, and diabatic heating. For the change of TC intensity, not only the SSTC but also the thickness of the oceanic mixed layer needs to be considered. The related physical mechanisms are analyzed in this paper.
Defect intelligent recognition of membrane product based on deep learning
Authors: Wu Maonian , Li Ling , Peng Wei , Wu Tao , Yu Jinwei , Zheng Bo , Zhu Shaojun
Published: October 2024

Defect detection plays a crucial role in the manufacturing industry, ensuring the quality of industrial products. Despite advancements in this field, current defect detection methods face two primary challenges: (1) extracting visually similar features from the background poses difficult and (2) these methods struggle to identify tiny defects in the target objects. We present a feature enhancement module called the SE-CAR, which aims to handle the identified problems effectively. This module is designed to efficiently capture tiny defects in images, prioritize defect information features, and ultimately enhance the model’s predictive performance and accuracy in defect recognition tasks. In addition, Distance-IoU Non-Maximum Suppression is employed as a substitution for the original Non-Maximum Suppression. This enhances the recognition accuracy of bounding boxes, ensuring that the model maintains high detection accuracy even after complex scenarios. Moreover, the proposed methodology exhibits broad applicability across a wide spectrum of prevalent defect detection paradigms. In empirical experiments, we employ the YOLOv7 architecture as the foundation framework, integrating the proposed methodologies for the purpose of detecting defects in the membrane. The empirical evidence demonstrates a notable improvement in the performance of detecting defects in membrane products using the SE-CAR feature enhancement module and Distance-IoU Non-Maximum Suppression algorithm. In comparison to baseline networks, an increase in mAp by 6.29%, precision by 1.63%, and recall by 8.76%.
Eye disease knowledge and awareness among Iranian population: The Gilan Eye Study
Authors: Moradi Amir , Behboudi Hassan , Katibeh Marzieh , Ahmadieh Hamid , Kheiri Bahareh , Yaseri Mehdi , Moradian Siamak , Alizadeh Yousef , Vahid Mohammad Hossein , Sabbaghi Hamideh , Etemad Kourosh
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the public knowledge regarding cataract, glaucoma, refractive error, and diabetic retinopathy among Iranian population living in Gilan province. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 2588 individuals aged over 50, living in both urban and rural districts of Gilan. All participants were interviewed to determine their knowledge regarding the mentioned eye diseases. Their source of knowledge was determined whether health care professionals, family or relatives, social media, or publications. Socioeconomic status (SES) of participants was calculated based on the principal component analysis. The presenting visual acuity of all study participants was assessed by a trained optometrist. In this study, total knowledge of cataract, glaucoma, refractive errors and diabetic retinopathy was 52.1%, 2.5%, 15.1%, and 29.7%, respectively. A lower cataract knowledge was found in participants with low (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; p = .02) and moderate SES (OR = 0.56, p = .02). We also lower knowledge of glaucoma among low (OR = 0.33; p < .001) and moderate SES group (OR = 0.48, p = .002). A higher level of knowledge about refractive error was observed in participants with normal vision (OR = 4.89; p = .011) and mild/moderate visual impairment (OR = 3.69; p = .046). Participants without a history of diabetes mellitus had less knowledge about diabetic retinopathy (DR) (OR = 0.56; p < .001), while those with more than 12 years of education had higher knowledge about DR. In conclusion, lower level of the knowledge was identified among individuals with lower levels of SES and education, while participants with better vision could be benefit from the high levels of knowledge.
The Politics of Memory: NLP Models as Liberating Artifacts
Authors: Hassan Yousif
Published: October 2024

The main argument of this article is that natural language processing (NLP) projects of Indigenous African languages can be understood as an effort to restore and preserve Africa’s memory in the digital. Language has always occupied a particular place in the African decolonial imaginary. Several African states embarked on processes of Africanisation of postcolonial institutions in their respective national contexts. One of the main features of this project in many African countries was the restoration of African languages in education and public service. Taking a social constructivist approach rooted in science and technology studies and looking through the analytical lens of decoloniality in Africa, I conceptualise NLP models of Indigenous African languages as liberating artifacts. I mobilise decolonial theory to look at language as a technology that can be used to dis-member and re-member the African subjects of their memory of being as people. The coloniser erased the memory of the African subjugated by cutting off their linguistic connections and instead planted the European memory. From this perspective, decolonisation can be understood as a process of re-memberment that can be achieved through the return of the languages of those whose humanity has been denied or questioned. In this sense, NLP projects offer instances of the digital that represent spaces of restoration and negotiated digital futurities. I contend that these digital spaces in Africa are social spaces of contestation about what common investments should be made, what collective futures are desirable and what are the perceived material consequences of such shared imaginations.
Family Support and Disability Policies: Perspectives of Siblings of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lee Chung Eun , Hagiwara Mayumi , Burke Meghan M. , Arnold Catherine K.
Published: October 2024

Given the critical shortage of community providers and a growing aging population of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, siblings are expected to provide caregiving for their brothers and sisters with intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, family support and disability policies often do not acknowledge siblings as caregivers who need support, and thus, do not include siblings’ voices. In this study, we conducted a national, web-based survey to examine the perspectives of 611 siblings of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Specifically, we examined their perceptions toward family support and disability policy as well as their knowledge and relevance of such legislation. Overall, siblings were not well-informed with relevant family support and disability policies. Furthermore, the knowledge of policies was only associated with their feelings of connectedness to the disability community. Based on these findings, it seems necessary that siblings are included in future efforts to shape family support and disability policy.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of β-Lactamase Genes of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli From Dairy Farm Environments of Haryana, India
Authors: Kamboj Sarin , Manoj Jinu , Kaur Jasleen , Singh Mahavir , Chhabra Rajesh
Published: October 2024

Presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the dairy farm environment and food chain could be a possible interface for the exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes between humans and animals. A total of 600 samples comprised of raw bovine milk, faeces, feed, environmental swabs and water samples from 20 different bovine dairy farms in and around Hisar city, Haryana, India were analysed for presence of ESBL encoding genes. Out of 240 isolates of Escherichia coli obtained, 74 isolates were found to be ESBL producers. Maximum number of ESBL isolates were found from faeces (40.5%) followed by raw milk (37.8%) and environmental swabs (17.5%). Most of the ESBL E. coli isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol (82.4%) and gentamicin (77.0%) antibiotics. The blaCTX-M gene was found to be most prevalent (52.0%) followed by blaTEM (9.45%) while blaSHV gene alone was not detected in any sample by simplex PCR. However, the co-expression of blaCTX-M + blaTEM (21.6%) and blaCTX-M + blaSHV (4.05%) genes were also observed. The housing system, milking method and the hygienic mangement practices followed at farm level are found to be significant risk factors of ESBL-producing E. coli in dairy farms of Haryana.
Integrating Single-Case and Qualitative Approaches: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of a Science Comprehension Intervention for Students with Extensive Support Needs
Authors: Roberts Carly A. , Wilhelm Alison , Saliba Elizabeth Hartwell , Stewart Erin
Published: October 2024

Despite advances in inclusion and access to the general curriculum for students with disabilities at large, students with extensive support needs (ESN) continue to receive instruction that is disconnected from the general curriculum and general education peers. One area of the general curriculum that students with ESN have historically lacked access to is science. However, ongoing research in this area has identified several evidence-based and promising practices that support the science learning of students with ESN. This project used a convergent mixed-methods single-case research design, specifically a single case adapted alternating treatments design paired with qualitative methods, to explore how an intervention to support comprehension of science content supported student learning and engagement for four middle school students with ESN. Implications of the study findings, as well as the value added from the mixed-methods approach, will be discussed.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing “Early” Versus “Late” Periosteal Patch Attachment to Knee Chondral Defects in Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Orfanos Georgios , McCarthy Helen Samantha , Williams Michael , Dugard Naomi , Gallacher Peter Denis , Glover Alexander William , Roberts Sally , Wright Karina Therese , Kuiper Jan Herman
Published: October 2024

Objective

Traditional autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) involves arthroscopically harvesting a cartilage biopsy (stage 1), followed by arthrotomy 3 to 4 weeks later to apply a periosteal patch and implant culture-expanded chondrocytes underneath (stage 2). This study aimed to determine if patch application during stage 1 rather than stage 2 improved clinical outcome.

Design

A randomized controlled trial was conducted from 1998 to 2001. Patients were randomized to receive either traditional ACI (control/late) or ACI with “early” patch during stage 1 (intervention/early). Clinical outcome (Lysholm score) was assessed pre-operatively and annually post-operatively.

Results

Seventy-seven patients were recruited, with 40 patients randomized to the early and 37 to the late patch group. The overall mean pre-operative Lysholm score was 51.8 (range 11-89) and significantly improved by 11.1 points (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.8 to 17.4) at mean 12.7 years (range 1.5-23.7) follow-up. Latest mean Lysholm scores for the early and late groups were 68.4 (95% CI = 19 to 100) versus 56.7 (95% CI = 18 to 98). Adjusted for covariate imbalances, no evidence was found for a difference between the groups (mean difference = 8.5, 95% CI = −5.2 to 22.2, P = 0.22). Twenty-year survival until any re-operation or arthroplasty was 59.6%/82.1% for the early and 56.8%/69.5% for the late group, with no evidence for a difference.

Conclusion

ACI is an effective durable treatment for cartilage defects, with high levels of patient satisfaction and low failure rates. No evidence was found that applying the periosteal patch at the time of chondrocyte harvest improved long-term Lysholm scores or survival until any re-operation or arthroplasty.