bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legislative Oversight of Brazilian Foreign Policy: An Analysis of Requests for Information and Summonses to Ministers, 1991-2014
Authors: Spohr Alexandre , Silva André Luiz Reis da
Published: November 2018

Abstract This article examines oversight over foreign policy-making by the Brazilian National Congress, specifically whether the use of oversight tools at their disposal by Senators and Deputies conform to the ‘fire alarm’ or ‘police patrol’ models. This is done by recording and analysing requests for information and summonses to ministers filed in the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate between 1991 and 2014, especially those directed at the Ministry of Foreign Relations. We also compare the use of these instruments in respect of foreign policy to their use in respect of other portfolios. Lastly, analysing the content of these requests and summonses leads to interesting conclusions about how these instruments are used politically, notably in terms of the government-opposition ideological divide.
Le tournant substantialiste de la laïcité française
Authors: Portier Philippe
Published: November 2018

Résumé La laïcité française a connu un tournant au cours des trente dernières années. La loi du 9 décembre 1905 avait établi une laïcité libérale. Ce modèle comportait une double face. D’abord, il établissait une séparation entre l’Etat et les cultes: le pouvoir ne pouvait désormais ni les reconnaître, ni les subventionner. Ensuite, il accordait aux religions une complète liberté d’organisation et de communication. Or, au cours de ces dernières décennies, la laïcité s’est reconfigurée. L’Etat a établi, d’une part, des dispositifs de reconnaissance inédits sur le terrain financier et symbolique; il a, d’autre part, introduit des mesures inédites de surveillance des cultes et de neutralisation de l’expression religieuse. On parle ici d’un « tournant substantialiste »: le gouvernement semble bien en effet vouloir s’ériger en garant d’une éthique sociale lourde, correspondant à ce que certains acteurs politiques et certains intellectuels nomment, depuis les années 1980, l’ « identité française ». Cette contribution entend analyser cette mutation en s’arrêtant sur l’enchaînement de trois phénomènes: la transformation des paysages religieux, l’évolution des discours politiques, la transformation des règles juridiques.
El objeto imantado y el espacio público. Praxis político-religiosa del movimiento Misioneros de Francisco en Argentina
Authors: Carbonelli Marcos Andrés , Giménez Béliveau Verónica
Published: November 2018

Resumen Como un objeto imantado, el pontificado de Francisco atrajo las miradas y los intereses de actores políticos, religiosos, medios de comunicación y científicos sociales. Uno de los resultados de este efecto gravitacional fue la producción de nuevas formas de militancia política religiosa, en la que se destaca el movimiento Misioneros de Francisco, en Argentina. Desde una perspectiva etnográfica en este trabajo analizaremos la acción pública de este grupo en tres espacios diferentes– las plazas, la calle y el barrio–, para delinear la especificidad de su propuesta y sus niveles de eficacia en la difusión, de cara a las gramáticas territoriales y sus condicionantes. En las conclusiones las potencialidades y los límites del despliegue del movimiento en el espacio público, y sobre la importancia de la dimensión territorial en la proyección de las religiones contemporáneas.
Level Shifts in Beta, Spurious Abnormal Returns and the TARP Announcement
Authors: Phin Andrew , Prono Todd , Reeves Jonathan J. , Saxena Konark
Published: November 2018

Using high frequency data, we develop an event study method to test for level shifts in beta and measure abnormal returns for events that produce such level shifts. Using this method, we estimate abnormal returns for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) announcement and find that its abnormal returns are largely realized on the first day. The abnormal returns in the remaining post event period, which show up as a drift using standard methodology, are attributed to level shifts in beta.
O impacto da disfunção sexual na qualidade de vida feminina: um estudo observacional
Authors: Pitiá Barreto Ana Paula , Nogueira Andrea , Teixeira Bianca , Brasil Cristina , Lemos Amanda , Lôrdelo Patrícia
Published: November 2018

INTRODUÇÃO: A saúde sexual envolve diversos componentes em relação à sexualidade, como biológico, cultural, psicológico e social. Quando alguns desses fatores são atingidos, pode-se originar um quadro de disfunção sexual. OBJETIVO: investigar a qualidade de vida em mulheres com disfunção sexual. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional comparativo, de corte transversal, realizado em mulheres de 18 a 59 anos do CAAP da EBMSP.  Excluídas: mulheres com histórico de doença psiquiátrica grave, portadoras de doenças crônico-degenerativas neurológicas, com dispareunia de causas orgânicas, em tratamento fisioterapêutico e gestantes. Foi utilizado a FSFI ? 26 para o grupo com disfunção e < 26 para o grupo comparação. Instrumentos de avaliação aplicados: FSFI e 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). A comparação das medianas dos domínios do SF-36 e FSFI entre os grupos foi realizada pelo teste Mann-Whitney (teste não paramétrico), e das variáveis categóricas com a disfunção sexual foi feita a partir do teste qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Amostra 36 paciente,18 em cada grupo. As variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas que apresentaram diferença estatística foram renda (0,001) e escolaridade (0,011). No FSFI, todos os domínios apresentaram significância (0,00). No SF-36, ao comparar os dois grupos, 06 domínios apresentaram significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que mulheres com disfunção sexual apresentam um impacto negativo em alguns dos aspectos da qualidade de vida. Importante salientar que, a escolaridade e a renda familiar não foram homogêneas entre os grupos, sendo assim, diante da característica do estudo, não é possível aferir relação causa e consequência na disfunção sexual com a qualidade vida das participantes.­
AĞRI FİZYOPATOLOJİSİ
Authors: YAĞCI Ülker , SAYGİN Mustafa
Published: November 2018

Ağrı,
insanların hayatlarına rahatsızlık vermekle beraber aslında vücudun verdiği
korumaya yönelik bir sinyaldir. Ağrı fizyolojisindeki süreç nosiseptör adı
verilen özelleşmiş reseptörlerin ağrı oluşturabilecek uyaran tarafından aktive
olması ile başlar. Aδ lifleri hızlı; C lifleri ise yavaş ağrı uyarısını
taşıyarak kortekste duygusal ve bilişsel ağrı oluşumundan sorumlu bölgelerle
buluşuncaya kadar ağrı algısı gerçekleşmez. Ağrı sınıflandırılmasında bulunan
ve önemli hastalık popülasyonunu oluşturan nöropatik ağrılar ise periferik veya
merkezi sinir sisteminin hasarı veya işlev bozukluğunda ortaya çıkar. Ağrı
sıklıkla yanıcı, keskin karakterlidir ve bazen elektrik çarpması şeklinde tarif
edilir. Kimi zaman uyarı varlığından bahsetmeden oluşan ağrıda bellek kavramını
bilmek gerekir. Ağrı belleğimizin çalışması, reseptörlerce değişimler sonucu
gerçekleşmektedir. Son zamanlarda ağrıda rol alan fizyolojik ve kimyasal
mekanizmaların anlaşılması ile ağrı tedavisinde önemli gelişmeler sağlanmıştır.
Yeni tedavilere yol açacak olan reseptör ve transmitter ilişkisini tanımlamak
araştırmacılar adına önem taşımaktadır. Ağrı fizyopatolojisi hakkındaki
bilgilerimizi geliştirerek yenilemek, klinik ve araştırma sahasında gelişen
teknolojik unsurlarla insanoğlunun yaşam kalitesini arttırıcı, etkin ve
güvenilir tedaviler sunulmasında temel oluşturabilir.
Functional analysis of BoCCDs by color complementation in Bixa orellana v1
Authors: Carballo-Uicab Victor , Cárdenas-Conejo Yair , Vallejo-Cardona Alba , Aguilar-Espinosa Margarita , Rodríguez-Campos Jacobo , Serrano Posada Hugo , Alberto Narváez Zapata José , Rivera-Madrid Renata
Published: November 2018

To determine that BoCCD1-1and BoCCD4-3, have enzymatic activity and that they can functionin vitro, these proteins were expressed in lycopene-accumulating E. coli (pACCRT-EIB). ORFs BoCCD1-1 and BoCCD4-3 were successfully cloned in the expression vector pDEST17, and the recombinant proteins were expressed in pACCRT-EIB strains to establish cleaving activity.
Cerrahi Alan Enfeksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ATEŞ Selma , NAZİK Selçuk , ŞAHİN Ahmet Rıza , KARDAŞ Fadime , ERDOĞAN Ayşegül
Published: November 2018

Amaç: Bu
çalışmada operasyon sonrası cerrahi alan enfeksiyonu gelişen hastaların
operasyon öncesi ve sonrası yaptığı uygulamalar ve konağa ait faktörlerin
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma
prospektif, kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı olarak planlandı. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü imam
Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde farklı bölümler tarafından opere edilen
ve enfeksiyon gelişen hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya
67 hasta dahil edildi (% 59.7’si erkek, %40.3’ü kadın). Olguların % 19.4’üne
(n=13) preoperatif dönemde kan transfüzyonu yapılmış iken, % 80.6’sına (n=54)
kan transfüzyonu yapılmamıştır. Olguların % 97’si (n=65) preoperatif dönemde
antiseptikli duş almış ve olguların % 53.7’si (n=36) preoperatif dönemde kıl
temizliği yapmıştır. Operasyon sonrası yara yerinde enfeksiyon gelişen
hastaların dağılımı incelendiğinde hastaların % 61’inde Gram (-) bakteri, % 25.5’inda
Gram (+) bakteri ve % 4.5’inde mantar üremesi saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Cerrahi
alan enfeksiyonları hastaların hastanede yatış süresini arttırarak, iş gücü
kaybına ve ekonomik kayba neden olmaktadır. Cerrahi alan enfeksiyonlarının
önlenebilir nedenlerdir. Bu nedenle gerekli önlemleri almak konusunda azami
dikkat gösterilmelidir.
The Association between Dynamic Assessment of Grammar and Fluid Intelligence: A Case of Undergraduate EFL Students
Authors: Modarresi Ghasem , Jeddy Ali
Published: November 2018

The present study examined the association between static assessment, dynamic assessment and fluid intelligence. A pool of 109 students majoring in English Language Teaching and Translation Studies took part in the study. Two major instruments of the study included Computerized Dynamic Grammar Test and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices. The results of the study confirmed that the relation between static assessment of grammar and fluid intelligence as well as the relation between dynamic assessment of grammar and fluid intelligence were statistically significant. However, the relation between dynamic assessment of grammar and fluid intelligence was large. Finally, the results from the interviews revealed that ZPD and IQ are complementary and not contradictory. A practical implication for the students is that practicing fluid intelligence can improve their logical thinking by focusing on metacognitive strategies. Likewise, C-DA is a helpful source to develop effective learning strategies like directed attention, self-evaluation, and self-discovery strategies.
Judaísmo, Israel e as referências bíblicas em Elogio da sombra, de Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Oliva Osmar Pereira
Published: November 2018

Não são recentes os estudos literários que apontaram para a presença da tradição judaica na obra de Jorge Luis Borges. No entanto, poucos se dedicaram aos poemas organizados em 1969 sob o título Elogio da sombra. Nessa coletânea, vários desses textos poéticos dialogam com passagens bíblicas e com o imaginário em torno de Israel. Este artigo tem como principal objetivo discutir os conceitos de judaísmo e de identidade judaica e analisar os poemas intitulados “Israel” e os demais que trazem referências bíblicas a fim de ratificar a crítica já produzida que identificou a admiração e a afinidade de Borges para com os judeus e para com a cultura judaica.
Two Stories about Rabbi Akiva and His Student and Their Sexual Experiences: on Bad Odors as a Sign of Sexual Promiscuity
Authors: Shemesh Abraham Ofir
Published: November 2018

In the moral standards of the Jewish sages, sexual promiscuity is indicated by a foul repugnant smell, while sexual purity is manifested in a good smell. Stories about Rabbi Akiva and his student who had sexual experiences associated with various scents enhance the relationship between nature, culture and religion. They represent the outlook whereby the definition of a smell as good or bad does not follow natural standards rather has religious undertones and depends on one's moral powers.
Liturgia, educação e resistência cultural
Authors: Feldman Sergio Alberto
Published: November 2018

A intenção deste artigo é compreender os mecanismos de resistência cultural da minoria judaica através dos séculos. O foco são os usos de rituais no cotidiano religioso e dos preceitos normativos denominados mitzvot. Estas últimas são ordenações religiosas descritas no Pentateuco que regem múltiplos detalhes da vida religiosa, desde sacrifícios no templo de Jerusalém até relações sociais, conjugais, entre outras. A análise pretende demonstrar que se trata de uma complexa teia de controle comportamental, que cria uma “cerca” que protege a minoria, impedindo sua absorção pela sociedade majoritariamente não judaica. O recorte é de longa duração, fazendo uso da História Cultural e focando no Ocidente medieval.
Antielegia aos pósteros
Authors: Nejar Carlos
Published: November 2018

Antielegia aos pósteros
Thriller jurídico e tradição judaica em A morte tudo resolve, de Luiz Kignel
Authors: Menezes Filipe Amaral Rocha de
Published: November 2018

Resenha a: KIGNEL, Luiz. A morte tudo resolve. São Paulo: Alameda, 2012. 358 p.
Lázaro e o romance bíblico de Richard Zimler
Authors: Nascimento Lyslei
Published: November 2018

Resenha a: ZIMLER, Richard. O evangelho segundo Lázaro. Trad. Daniela Garcia. São Paulo: Globo Livros, 2018. 528 p.
Toma mis obras en favor de tu Pueblo: El sacrificio a la luz del judaísmo según Borges
Authors: Rosain Diego Hernán , Sayar Roberto Jesús
Published: November 2018

En el siguiente trabajo veremos cómo es que Borges retoma el rol histórico que se ha adjudicado la colectividad judía como pueblo elegido para configurar muchas de sus tramas y protagonistas. La ofrenda sangrienta interesa al autor no solo por su naturaleza atávica y bárbara, sino también por su carácter ritual y místico: el sacrificio permite, tanto para el tributo como para los que lo ofrecen, estrechar y reavivar los lazos con la Divinidad.
Poética de un demiurgo
Authors: Saed Ivonne
Published: November 2018

Este articulo trata de analizar, en la obra de Jorge Luis Borges, una especie de obsesión el asunto del hombre como demiurgo, así como otros fundamentos de la mística judía. Tan sólo con dar un breve vistazo sobre algunas de sus obras emblemáticas, tanto de poesía como de narrativa y ensayística, encontramos esta preocupación constante. Los cuentos “La biblioteca de Babel”, “Funes el memorioso”, “El Aleph” y “Las ruinas circulares”; los poemas “La cifra”, “El hacedor”, “The Thing I Am” y “El Golem”; y por supuesto, el ensayo escrito para una de las Siete noches sobre Cábala, dan una buena pista de la manera en que estos temas permean toda la obra borgiana.
Identifi cation and characterization of components
Authors: Lin Yueshan
Published: November 2018

In the information age, components in all kinds of electronic products occupy an important position, in particular, somecommon electronic components, electronic products is essential to the basic material. The performance of various typesof components, features, the use of the scope of the function of the electronic product design and manufacturing hasa very important role especially in the past period. Along with the rapid development of the electronics industry, newrequirements and components industry is also constantly using new materials. New technology has introduced newproducts for the development of electronic products to open up new ways. This chapter will be a number of commonlyused electronic components according to its type, performance characteristics and testing. As a brief introduction andstrive to have a wide range of components have a general understanding in order to facilitate product design and expandthe range of components used.
Research and Analysis of Cooling System for Diesel Locomotive
Authors: Qiu Wenbin
Published: November 2018

With the continuous development of diesel locomotives in the direction of single power, the heat dissipation ofthe locomotive cooling system is getting bigger and bigger, and its performance directly affects the economy andreliability of the locomotive. Due to the limitation of locomotive axle load and structural space size, there is a greattechnical problem between the cooling system design and the arrangement of the cooling device and the overalllayout of the locomotive. The increase in the number of radiators, making the number of cooling system processesare correspondingly increased, resulting in locomotive cooling system water resistance and water system pressure aregreatly improved. The traditional cooling system form and the radiator structure are diffi cult to meet the developmentrequirements of high power locomotive. Based on the conventional cooling system design method, a multi-processradiator is proposed. The multi-process cooling system has the advantages of high cooling effi ciency, simple structure,small auxiliary power consumption of the pump and high reliability of the cooling system components. In this paper,the cooling system and its function, the existing cooling technology and the multi-process radiator are studied andanalyzed, and the three-process radiator and the single-process radiator are tested and compared. In this paper, a newmulti-process radiator structure scheme is proposed for the design requirements of CKD9 diesel locomotive coolingsystem. The program eff ectively uses the radiator cooling water and cooling air temperature diff erence, to achieve thepurpose of increasing heat dissipation.
Training path of vocational quality for secondary vocational school students in electronic and electrical engineering
Authors: Yang Ming , Qi Hongting
Published: November 2018

Professional accomplishment is a set of professional internal norms and requirements which can reflect and reflect the comprehensive quality of modern professional in the process of professional behavior. With the help of the teaching of electronics and electrician specialty in secondary vocational school, the author accumulates the strong motive force of vocational students'career development, effectively promotes their core competitiveness in employment, and eventually exports high-skilled and high-quality products to enterprises through the cultivation of vocational quality in classroom teaching, training in skills competition and assimilation in school-enterprise cooperation. The compound talents.
Grafen Temelli İletken Polimer-Nanokompozit Elektrodunun Sentezi, Elektrokimyasal ve Optik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AYRANCI Rukiye
Published: November 2018

Üstün fizikokimyasal
özelliklere sahip grafen türevi nanomateryaller son yıllarda farklı araştırma
alanlarında kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada grafen temelli nanomateryal olan
indirgenmiş grafen oksit (rGO) şeffaf iletken cam yüzeyine modifiye edilmiştir.
Bu kaliteli, modifiye elektrot üzerinde sentezi başarıyla tamamlanmış ve
karakterize edilmiş olan tiyenil pirol türevi elektroaktif monomer dönüşümlü
voltametri yardımıyla polimerleştirilerek PSN/rGO-ITO adı verilen nanokompozit
elektrot sentezlenmiştir. Burada rGO, PSN polimer yapısıyla mükemmel etkileşim
gösterip, elektron transferini kolaylaştırarak kompozit filmin elektrokimyasal
ve optik özelliklerini geliştirmiştir. Örneğin, PSN/rGO-ITO kompoziti yalnızca
PSN polimerinin kullanıldığı yüzeye göre elektrokimyasal kararlılığı döngü
sayısı bakımından 5 kat artırmıştır. Yine band boşluğu enerjisi (Eg)
değerini 2.01 eV’dan 1.91eV' a düşürerek iletkenliği artırmıştır. Bu kompozit
film, iletken polimerlerin kullanılabileceği tüm alanlarda özellik geliştiren
materyal olarak kullanılabilecek alternatif bir ürünü oluşturmaktadır.
Arduino ile Uzaktan Switch Konfigürasyonu Yönetimi Tasarımı
Authors: AKAR Funda , YALÇIN ASLAY Fulya , CEYLAN Yaşar
Published: November 2018

Günümüzde mikrodenetleyiciler çok fonksiyonlu ve
düşük maliyetli olmalarından dolayı birçok uygulamada tercih edilmektedir. Bu
çalışmada Erzincan Üniversitesi bünyesindeki ağ cihazlarının konfigürasyonu ve
yedeklenmesi işlemlerinde klasik masaüstü ya da dizüstü bilgisayar ihtiyacı ve
yetkili personel bulunma zorunluluğu yerine; zamandan, maliyetten ve
personelden kazanç sağlayan ve Arduino kullanılarak tasarlanan “Erserial”
isimli bir sistem geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen sistem ayrıca kablolama
işlerinde planlamanın kolaylaştırılmasını sağlamakla birlikte saha personelinin
de işe dahil edilmesine olanak tanıyarak, genel olarak çalışma şartlarının daha
iyi, işlemlerin daha hızlı ve kolay yapılabilmesini sağlamıştır.
La refundación de la Agrupación Socialista Universitaria (ASU) durante la transición, 1977-1986 = The Refoundation of the Universitary Socialist Association during transition, 1977-1986
Authors: Mateos Abdón
Published: November 2018

Resumen: En 1977 fue refundada la Agrupación Socialista Universitaria (ASU), como sección de la Federación Socialista Madrileña del PSOE. A diferencia de la primera ASU (1956-1961), los nuevos universitarios socialistas madrileños, procedentes de las clases medias trabajadoras, tuvieron un perfil ideológico socialdemócrata más que de socialismo radical. A lo largo de la primera legislatura socialista y con la crisis de la OTAN, la ASU fue perdiendo el carácter de agrupación estudiantil para incrementarse su implantación entre el profesorado y convertirse en una sección de reclutamiento de cuadros socialistas.Palabras clave: PSOE, Socialdemocracia, Universidades de Madrid, reforma universitaria, movimiento estudiantil.Abstract: In 1977, the Socialist University Association (ASU) was refounded as a section of the Socialist Federation of Madrid of the PSOE. Unlike the first ASU (1956-1961), the new Madrid socialist university students, coming from the working middle classes, had a social-democratic ideological profile rather than radical socialism. Throughout the first socialist legislature and with the crisis of NATO, ASU was losing the character of student group to increase its implementation among professors and become a recruitment section of socialist cadres.Keywords: Spanish Socialist Workers Party, Madrid Universities, University reform, student movement
Josefina Méndez Vázquez. Formación profesional de las mujeres en las escuelas de la Matritense: un proyecto político-económico en la España ilustrada
Authors: Mendoza Martín Irene
Published: November 2018

Este arículo reseña: Josefina Méndez Vázquez. Formación profesional de las mujeres en las escuelas de la Matritense: un proyecto político-económico en la España ilustrada. Oviedo, Trabe. Colección Deméter, 2016, 261 pp.
Political participation of communities in the Legislative General Elections (Pemilu)
Authors: Halim Rahmawati , Muhlin Muhlin , Salam Rudi
Published: November 2018

The active involvement of the community at all stages of the election is very much needed, because our voice has an important value for the quality of democracy. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the political participation of the community in the legislative elections held in the electoral district of Banggai III in Banggai District. This research was conducted in Banggai III election area, which consists of 6 districts; Bualemo, Pagimana, Lobu, Bunta, Nuhon, and Simpang Raya. The study population amounted to 101,296 people. The samples were taken using cluster sampling and random sampling, with a 5% margin of error criteria. The total sample was made up of 236 people. The type of research methodology was a survey. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The methods of data collection were observations, in-depth interviews and questionnaires. The results showed that the political participation of the community involved seven variables: 1) the social and economic status of society, 2) geographic situation; 3) parental affiliation; 4) organisational experience; 5) political knowledge and awareness; 6) trust in the Government and 7) mass media socialisation and informal discussions. The social and economic status variables of the community, the experience of community organising and the trust in the Government should be taken seriously by the Regional Government and the KPU. While the models can provide positive nuances in relation to the political participation of the community such as a model capable of providing nuances such as 1) an improvement in social and economic status, 2) increased access regarding the geographical situation, 3) empowering community groups and affiliated politics, 4) improving the organisational experience of the community, 5) increasing public awareness, 6) increasing public trust to Local Government and DPRD, and 6) empowering mass media and informal discussions
Understanding Disaster Risk: The Role of Science and Technology
Authors: Satake Kenji , McLean Craig , Alcántara-Ayala Irasema ,   Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan,   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Meryland, U.S.A.,   Institute of Geography, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
Published: November 2018

“Understanding disaster risk” is the first priority action of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. During the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience, held in Tokyo in November 2017, one of the working groups focused on this priority action and discussed the key aspects associated with understanding disaster risk. These included root causes and disaster risk drivers, disaster risk data, disaster risk assessment, disaster risk mapping, and collaboration among stakeholders. This paper reviews and illustrates the above topics by using three examples of the most devastating disasters of recent times: the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and the 2011 Great East Japan (Tohoku) Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster. The Indian Ocean tsunami, generated by the gigantic Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (magnitude M 9.1), caused 228,000 casualties from 14 countries because of its unexpected magnitude, the lack of knowledge on tsunamis and absence of an early warning system, and high levels of vulnerable populations, particularly elderly people, children, women, and foreign tourists. The 2010 Haiti earthquake, despite its smaller magnitude of M 7.0, also caused a similar number of casualties because of very high levels of vulnerability and exposure. Particularly relevant was the non-existence of building codes, political instability, extreme poverty, and poor health conditions. The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster, caused by the gigantic Tohoku earthquake (M 9.0), produced approximately 22,000 casualties with a large proportion of elderly people, mostly because of wide spread, huge tsunamis. It also triggered the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station, which is an example of a natural hazard triggering technological disaster. By examining these cases and based on the discussions carried out during the Forum, the working group adopted five recommendations.
Role of Private Sectors in Disaster Risk Reduction: Potential and Challenges
Authors: Shaw Rajib ,   Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
Published: November 2018

The private sector is an important actor in disaster risk reduction, and its importance has been highlighted after the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was adopted in 2015. The role of private sectors vary from corporate social responsibility activities and creating a corporate community interface to ensuring that innovative technical solutions for disaster risk reduction are a core business. This study elaborates on different models and examples of these roles. Three critical examples come from Japan, the Philippines, and Malaysia, where private organizations work closely with national governments and enter into partnership agreements, which ensure the sustainability of their involvement. Other core examples are from civil society, where the private sector works for demand-driven innovation. One challenging issue of private sector involvement is that of the small and medium-sized enterprises, which are often unregistered and need special attention during disasters and post-disaster recovery.
Exploring the Possibility of an Online Synthesis System for Disaster Risk Reduction as a Tool to Promote “Consilience” of Knowledge and Practice
Authors: Hayashi Haruo , Shaw Rajib , Doherty Brian ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan,   Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission (EC), Brussels, Belgium
Published: November 2018

This paper proposes an international collaborative project to construct an online synthesis system initiated by the Japanese National Committee for Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR). The purpose of this project is to facilitate knowledge consilience on disaster and environmental risk reduction by improving disaster resilience, which is an indispensable element of sustainable development. This system will provide a free internet environment, named Design Trend Press, for users in each country or region. All stakeholders involved in disaster risk reduction can make and register their own contributions in various forms on this system, using their own language in terms of seven targets and four priority actions specified in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR, or Sendai Framework). To make this project successful, an international advisory board should be established to supervise the ontology of the keywords to be used for the classification and categorization of individual entries.
Role Played by Science and Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction: From Framework Planning to Implementation
Authors: Koike Toshio , Hayashi Haruo , Satake Kenji , Tsukahara Kenichi , Kawasaki Akiyuki , Amano Yusuke , Takara Kaoru , Saya Setsuko , Nishiguchi Naohiro , Nishikawa Satoru , Tamura Keiko , Hiroki Kenzo , Shaw Rajib , Ikeda Tetsuya ,   International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM), Public Works Research Institute (PWRI) 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8516, Japan,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), Ibaraki, Japan,   Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   Department of Civil Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,   Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   Water and Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Tokyo, Japan,   Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,   International Cooperation Division, Disaster Management Bureau, Cabinet Office, Tokyo, Japan,   Japan Bosai Platform, Japan Innovation Network, Tokyo, Japan,   Disaster Mitigation Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan,   Risk Management Office, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,   National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo, Japan,   Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
Published: November 2018

The Hyogo Framework for Action, which was adopted in 2005, promotes the creation and strengthening of national platforms designated as national integrated disaster risk reduction (DRR) mechanisms. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (the Sendai Framework) emphasizes the role played by science and technology in DRR decision-making and the importance of the support provided by the international scientific and technological community in DRR. The Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017 (Tokyo Forum 2017) agreed to formulate guidelines supporting national platforms for DRR by efficiently utilizing scientific and technological tools and producing a synthesis report on disaster science and technology. Since each country is attributed the primary responsibility for implementing the aforementioned agreement according to its national needs and conditions, it should develop a mechanism that allows all stakeholders to share information on science and technology for DRR in their own language. Each national platform should review the status and issues of ongoing DRR efforts based on scientific and technological knowledge, enhance multi-sectoral discussion among various stakeholders about how DRR should be implemented in the country, and achieve consensus on the practical measures to be designed and implemented from a macro perspective. This paper defines a series of actions to be performed by the national platform of each country as the “Nation’s Synthesis” and proposes the relevant functions and international cooperation frameworks to be established.
Overview of the World Bosai Forum Public Cultural Event: “Pre-WBF Festival – Learning from the Disaster, Bridging to the Future: Held in Partnership with the Science Agora”
Authors: Chubachi Natsuko ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University 468-1 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan, Ono Yuichi , Ito Kiyoshi , Imamura Fumihiko
Published: November 2018

This study overviews “the Pre-WBF Festival – Learning from the disaster, bridging to the future: held in partnership with the Science Agora” (the Pre-WBF Festival), and recounts its achievements. This was a cultural, admission-free public event, held as the opening event of the first “World Bosai Forum/International Disaster Risk Conference in Sendai” (WBF). The Pre-WBF Festival was planned primarily by academics with a view towards “passing on experiences of the Great East Japan Earthquake,” “bridging the divide between academia and society,” “success of the WBF,” and so on. Parties involved in media provided advice on onstage presentations and public relations activity. The event, which had 662 participants from inside and outside of Japan, was a success. An analysis of the results of a questionnaire demonstrates that the participants understood the intentions of the event and reacted very favorably. Although participation of younger generations remains an issue, the Pre-WBF Festival is thought to be an effective method to connect academia and citizens. In addition, if such an event is held regularly, it can successfully pass on disaster experience in the future.
Efforts Toward Recovery and Reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Maruya Hiroaki , Watanabe Yasunari ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University 468-1 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan,   Tohoku Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), Miyagi, Japan
Published: November 2018

Six and a half years after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), recovery and reconstruction have been steadily progressing in terms of infrastructure and town development. However, it is a fact that there are still many problems to be tackled in some areas. In addition, communicating the lessons learned from the GEJE is important and should be promoted to improve disaster management in Japan and overseas. The Tohoku Regional Development Bureau (TRDB) held a symposium, “Efforts for Recovery and Reconstruction from the GEJE,” at the World Bosai Forum (WBF) on November 27, 2017. Mayors from the disaster areas, Rikuzentakata city in Iwate prefecture, Ishinomaki city in Miyagi prefecture, and Shinchi town in Fukushima prefecture, and a director of the TRDB presented their projects aiming to “build back better,” and they discussed how they had made efforts toward recovery and reconstruction, mainly in terms of infrastructure and town development. It was confirmed in the discussion that for the reconstruction, steadily advancing safe and secure town development, including multiple defense, was necessary. In addition, software measures, such as disaster education and evacuation drills, are important, as are hardware improvements through reconstruction. Both hardware and software countermeasures should be like a two wheels. It was also asserted that passing down the memories and the lessons of the disaster, not allowing their memories to fade away with time, was important. The speakers showed a variety of approaches to transmitting their memories to future generations in their areas or projects. Then, they emphasized that if people prepared for disaster based on these lessons in advance, there would surely be less damage. Finally, speakers shared the recognition that to realize the above, many actors in the Tohoku district should mutually cooperate to transmit the situation of reconstruction and the lessons of the GEJE.
Function of Social Capital Embedded in Religious Communities at Times of Disaster: Cases of Disaster Relief Activity by a Muslim Community and a Soka Gakkai Community in Japan
Authors: Asai Nobuyuki ,   Soka Gakkai International 15-3 Samon-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0017, Japan
Published: November 2018

In studies of disasters, cases of religious communities providing support to victims at times of disaster have been reported. Such support can be understood as a function of social capital within religious communities. This paper considers the case studies of disaster relief activities provided by a Muslim community and a Soka Gakkai Buddhist community in Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 and the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016. It also analyzes how each religious community functioned from the viewpoints of three kinds of social capital: “bonding,” “bridging,” and “linking” and identify challenges faced by religious communities at times of disaster.
Repairing and Recovering Structural Performance of Earthen Walls Used in Japanese Dozo-Style Structures After Seismic Damage
Authors: Yokouchi Hajime , Ohashi Yoshimitsu ,   Kokushikan University 4-28-1 Setagaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8515, Japan,   Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
Published: November 2018

Several traditional building group districts exist in Japan as a system for preserving the remaining historical villages and townscapes of the country, along with their surrounding environment. In the northern Kanto region of Japan, there remain examples of many dozo-style structures called “Dozo-dukuri,” forming a distinctive historical townscape. In the 2011 Tohoku Region Pacific Offshore Earthquake, the traditional townscapes and dozo-style structures of the Kanto region were seriously damaged. When restoring the walls of damaged dozo-style structures to a sound condition, demolishing and reconstructing all the mud requires considerable labor; moreover, few modern artisans can construct mud walls. However, if there was a method that could recover the structural performance of the walls immediately via partial repair, the restoration of the walls could again become economical. Therefore, in this study, we first surveyed the specifications of mud walls in the northern Kanto region. Then, we performed horizontal loading tests on full-scale walls produced according to the survey results to determine the structural performance of walls under a horizontal force, e.g., an earthquake. Further, a test specimen damaged by a horizontal force was repaired, and a horizontal loading test was performed again. The results elucidated the structural performance recoverability obtained by the proposed repair method.
Willingness to donate eyes among outpatients attending Muhimbili National Hospital
Authors: F Mukamana , S Mosenene , J Kisimbi , AJ Sanyiwa , MM Mafwiri , C Mhina
Published: November 2018

Background: Willingness to donate eyes and other organs in general is still unsatisfactory worldwide, specifically in low income countries including Sub-Saharan Africa where the awareness about eye and other organs donation is still low. Factors like religion may also affect people’s decision making in terms of organ donation. Therefore, it is difficult to have enough tissues for transplant and sustainable local eye banks.
The aim of the study was to assess willingness to donate eyes among outpatients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania.
Methodology: A cross sectional hospital based study with quantitative and qualitative approaches was done from July to December 2017. Systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used for quantitative and qualitative parts respectively.
Results: A total of 434 participants were interviewed, 58.06% were female. Only 32.5% of all respondents, were aware that eyes can be donated, while 47.9% were willing to donate their eyes. The main reason for willingness was to help a blind person (64.25%), while the main reason for unwillingness was need of more information about eye donation (31.7%), followed by religious reasons (22.0%). Willingness to donate eyes was associated with prior awareness (p=0.0001), religion (p=0.010) and sex (p=0.049). Important themes emerged from the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were: Helping needy people, religion, death and respect of body.
Conclusion: Willingness to donate eyes was seen in nearly a half of the participants though awareness was low. Most of the participants had positive perception about eye donation services. Negative perception was associated with lack of information, religious beliefs and fear. Therefore, community education is important to raise awareness and willingness to donate eyes.
Wernicke’s encephalopathy in a patient with severe acute pancreatitis after cholecystectomy and exploration of biliary tract
Authors: Du Huihui , Lei Xiaohua , Liu Qiang , Xu Xundi
Published: November 2018

Background: Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is a disease classically associated with thiamine deficiency，and generally manifests with the triad of opthalmopathy, ataxia and confusion. Only about 20% of the cases can be defined from the relevant literature, with the rest unnoticed and thus unreported. Here, we would like to report a case of a patient with severe acute pancreatitis who suffered from Wernicke’s encephalopathy after cholecystectomy and exploratory of biliary tract.
Case presentation: A 37-year-old Chinese male patient diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis was admitted to our institute’s hospital for further treatment. The patient had a 25-days history of abdominal pain as well as 8-days emesis , and wasn’t addicted in alcohol consumption. He did not receive any regular physical examination or treatment. One months before cholecystectomy and exploratory of biliary tract，he was observed to have abdominal pain ,poor appetite, emesis and sclera icterus .He was referred to the local hospital, received supportive treatment, including antibiotics , parenteral nutrition and liver-protection drugs . However, he got worse after those treatment，so transferred from the local hospital to our hospital for further therapy. After operation he was admitted in general ward for further treatment. When his vital signs and laboratory examination came to stability. He recovered well with supportive treatments, including antibiotics, liver-protection, protecting gastric mucosa and so on. However, his oral intake was too low to support himself, and he was singly dependent on total parenteral nutrition without vitamin B1. On the 7th post-operative day, psychiatric and neurological disorders appeared without an obvious cause, symptoms including babbling, irritability, apathy, non-purposeful movements, and dystaxia. On the basic of his clinical features and brain magnetic resonance imaging scan results, Wernicke encephalopathy was eventually diagnosed.
Conclusions: Although extremely rare, this index patient highlights that Wernicke’s encephalopathy could be associated with severe acute pancreatitis. This is very helpful for the therapeutic implications and evaluating curative effect. Thiamine should be provided for patients who have a surgery of cholecystectomy and exploratory of biliary tract so as to prevent and cure Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
Physical Activity In Renal Disease (PAIRED) and the effect on hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Radhakrishnan Jeyasundar , Graham MD Michelle , Thompson MD Stephanie , Wiebe MMath/PStat Natasha , Gyenes MD Gabor , Davies MSc Rachelle
Published: November 2018

Background: The prevalence of hypertension among people with chronic kidney disease is high with over 60% of people not attaining recommended targets despite multiple medications. Given the health and economic implications of hypertension, additional strategies are needed. Exercise is an effective strategy for reducing blood pressure in the general population; however, it is not known whether exercise would have a comparable benefit in people with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease and hypertension.
Methods: This is a parallel arm trial of adults with hypertension (systolic blood pressure greater than 130 mmHg) and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15-45 ml/min 1.73 m2. A total of 160 participants will be randomized, with stratification for estimated glomerular filtration rate, to a 24-week aerobic-based exercise intervention or enhanced usual care. The primary outcome is the difference in 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure after eight weeks of exercise training. Secondary outcomes at eight and 24 weeks include: other measurements of blood pressure, aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity), change in the Defined Daily Dose of anti-hypertensives, medication adherence, markers of cardiovascular risk, physical fitness (cardiopulmonary exercise testing), seven day accelerometry, quality of life, and adverse events. The effect of exercise on renal function will be evaluated in an exploratory analysis. The intervention is a thrice-weekly moderate intensity aerobic exercise supplemented with isometric resistance exercise delivered in two phases. Phase 1: supervised, facility-based weekly and home-based sessions (eight weeks). Phase 2: home-based sessions (16 weeks).
Discussion: To our knowledge, this study is the first trial designed to provide a precise estimate of the effect of exercise on blood-pressure in people with moderate to severe CKD and hypertension. The findings from this study will address a significant knowledge gap in hypertension management in CKD and inform the design of a larger study on the effect of exercise on CKD progression.
Comparison of the postoperative analgesic effects of intrathecal Clonidine and Fentanyl as adjuvant: Mata Analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Kumie Fantahun Tarekegn , Hailekiros Amare , Eshetie Setegn
Published: November 2018

Background: Intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl added to bupivacaine prolongs the postoperative analgesic effects for below umbilicus surgery. However, the overall effect of clonidine and fentanyl mixed with spinal anesthesia is not harmonized. Therefore, the aim of this Meta - analysis was to assess the post operative analgesic effects of intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl for different randomized control trials of study.
Methods: Pubmed, Cochrane Review, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched and a total of four studies have been selected for Meta – Analysis. Three authors engaged independently to extract data on the efficacy of intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl for lower abdomen and limb surgeries. The statistical analysis was accomplished by RevMan (version 5.3) software. The overall efficacy of intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl were pooled by Forrest plot, table, and figure with 95% confidence interval.
Results: The pooled effect size mean difference of intrathecal clonidine versus fentanyl was 83.57(95 % CI, 29.33 to 137.82) minutes. Furthermore, the lowest and highest mean difference of effect size was 10.60 and 175.98 minutes respectively.
Conclusion: Intrathecal clonidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine gave the prolonged postoperative analgesia in comparison to intrathecal fentanyl. So it is recommended to use clonidine as intrathecal adjuvant when we consider the extended postoperative analgesia.