bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ranking Epilepsy Risk Factors Using Machine Learning
Authors: Skiba Iaroslav , Kopanitsa Georgy , Metsker Oleg , Polushin Alexey , Yanishevskiy Stanislav
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMachine learning methods to predict the risk of epilepsy, including vascular epilepsy, in oncohematological patients are currently considered promising. These methods are actively used in epileptology to predict pharmacoresistant epilepsy, surgical treatment outcomes, to determine the epileptogenic zone and functional neural systems in patients with epilepsy, as well as to develop new approaches to classification and perform other tasks. This paper presents the results of applying machine learning to analyzing data and developing models of epilepsy in vascular and oncohematological patients. MethodsWe analyzed the hospital database of the V.A. Almazov Scientific Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The study included 66723 treatment episodes of patients with vascular diseases (I10-I15,I61-I69,I20-I25) and 16383 episodes with malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic, and related tissues (C81-C96 according to ICD-10) for the period from 2010 to 2020. ResultsData analysis and model calculations indicate that the best result was shown by gradient boosting with mean accuracy cross-validation score = 0.96. f1-score = 98, weighted avg precision = 93, recall = 96, f1-score = 94. The highest correlation coefficient for G40 was achieved with fibrillation, hypertension, stenosis or occlusion of the precerebral arteries (0.16), cerebral sinus thrombosis (0.089), arterial hypertension (0.17), age (0.03), non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (0.07), atrial fibrillation (0.05), delta absolute neutrophil count (0.05), platelet count at discharge (0.04), transfusion volume for stem cell transplantation (0.023). ConclusionFrom the clinical point of view, the identified differences in the importance of predictors in a broader patient model are consistent with a practical algorithm for organic brain damage. Atrial fibrillation is one of the leading factors in the development of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. At the same time, brain infarction can be accompanied both by the development of epileptic seizures in the acute period and by unprovoked epileptic seizures and development of epilepsy in the early recovery and in a longer period. In addition, microembolism of the left heart chambers can lead to multiple microfocal lesions of the brain, which is considered to be one of the pathogenetic aspects of epilepsy in elderly patients.
Reliability of Visual Assessment for Diagnosis of Neonatal Jaundice Among Neonates of Black Descent: A Cross-Sectional Study From Tanzania.
Authors: Dionis Ikunda , Chillo Omary , Bwire George M , Kilonzi Manase , Ulomi Calvin , Balandya Emmanuel
Published: February 2021

Background: Jaundice is common among neonates and if untreated can lead to kernicterus. Diagnosing of jaundice in neonates using Kramer’s method (visual assessment) is considered user friendly in resource limited areas. However, there are conflicting finding on reliability of the Kramer’s method in diagnosis of neonatal jaundice (NJ) particularly of black descent. Therefore, this study aimed to determine diagnostic accuracy of Kramer’s method in comparison with total serum bilirubin (TSB) test in diagnosis of NJ among neonates of black descent in Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and July 2020 at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. A total of 315 neonates were recruited consecutively. In each neonates’ jaundice was assessed by using Kramer’s method and TSB test. A 2 X 2 table was created for determination of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios (+LR/-LR) and diagnostic accuracy (effectiveness). Cohen kappa (κ) was used to analyze the agreement between Kramer’s method and TSB. Association between independent variables and presence of jaundice were assessed using chi-square test and the p ˂ 0.05 was considered to be statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of NJ was 49.8% by Kramer’s method and 63.5% by TSB. The Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, and NPV of the Kramer’s method were 70.5%, 86.1%, 88.8%, and 62.6%, respectively. The +LR and –LR were 5.07 and 0.34 respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the Kramer’s method was 76.1%. There was a moderate agreement between Kramer’s method and TSB results (κ= 0.524, P˂0.001). No significance relationship between the independent variables and presence of NJ. Conclusion: Kramer’s method was found to be inefficient in detecting NJ among neonates of black descent. However, it can be used as a predictor of NJ and whenever available invasive techniques should be applied.
Cascading Effects of Moth Outbreaks on Subarctic Soil Food Webs
Authors: Calderón-Sanou Irene , Münkemüller Tamara , Zinger Lucie , Schimann Heidy , Yoccoz Nigel Gilles , Gielly Ludovic , Foulquier Arnaud , Hedde Mickael , Ohlmann Marc , Roy Mélanie , Si-Moussi Sara , Thuiller Wilfried
Published: February 2021

The increasing severity and frequency of natural disturbances requires a better understanding of their effects on all compartments of biodiversity. In Northern Fennoscandia, recent large-scale moth outbreaks have led to an abrupt change in plant communities from birch forests dominated by dwarf shrubs to grass-dominated systems. However, the indirect effects on the belowground compartment remained unclear. Here, we combined eDNA survey of multiple trophic groups with network analyses to demonstrate that moth defoliation has far-reaching consequences on soil food webs. Following this disturbance, diversity and relative abundance of certain trophic groups declined (e.g. ectomycorrhizal fungi) while many others profited (e.g. bacterivores, omnivores) making soil food webs more diverse and structurally different. Overall, the direct and indirect consequences of moth outbreaks increased belowground diversity at different trophic levels. Our results highlight that a holistic view of ecosystems improves our understanding of cascading effects of major disturbances on soil food webs.
The Systemic-Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts the Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation After Cryomaze Concomitant With Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Luo Yu , Zhang Jian , Liu Tao , Yin Zongtao , Jin Yan , Han Jinsong , Wang Huishan
Published: February 2021

Background and aims:
Inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). The systemic inflammation indexes are easily evaluated and predict AF development. However, it’s role in prediction of recurrence of AF is unknown. We aim to explore the association between the systemic inflammation indexes and recurrence of AF in patients underwent cryoablation (CryoMaze) concomitant with mitral valve surgery.
Methods
We examined systemic inflammation indexes during perioperative period in 122 patients between 2015 to 2018. Systemic inflammation indexes were developed by systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocytes to monocytes ratio (LMR). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the association of each markers with recurrence of AF.
Results
Of the 122 patients included in this study, 22 patients (18%) experienced AF recurrence after CryoMaze concomitant with mitral valve surgery. There is no significant difference between each systemic inflammation indexes before surgery and recurrence of AF. In univariate analysis, MLR after surgery 3 days, PLR, MPLR, NLR, SII after surgery 7 days were able to predict recurrence of AF. In multivariate analyses, SII ≥ 1696 independently predicted recurrence (OR, 3.719; 95% CI, 1.417–9.760). Interestingly, baseline SII showed no significant in prediction of recurrence. It was sharply elevated after surgery and dropped slowly. In patients of recurrence, SII after 7days of surgery increased again.
Conclusions
The raised SII again was associated with an increased risk of the postoperative recurrence of AF and independently predicted the late recurrence of AF after CryoMaze concomitant with mitral valve surgery.
Transcriptome analysis and differentially expressed gene screening for hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats treated with acupuncture
Authors: Jiang Xin , Qin Weixun , Wu Junyan , Xiao Jiang , Zhong Yue , Yuan Chao , Yuan Qing
Published: February 2021

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is one of the most common critical diseases in neonates with high mortality and disability rates. The latest research showed that long non-coding RNAs(lncRNA) played an important role in the development of HIBD. Recently, acupuncture therapy has been found to be effective in the treatment of HIBD. However, the mechanism of lncRNA in acupuncture treatment of HIBD is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of lncRNA in acupuncture treatment of HIBD in detail. We demonstrated behavioral performance similar to cognitive deficits in HIBD rat models in the new object recognition experiment and pathological lesion of the prefrontal cortex in nissl staining. Acupuncture treatments at acupoints DU24 and GB13 was proved to be effective in alleviating behavioral deficits and brain injury. A whole transcriptome analysis was applied to investigate transcriptome changes caused by acupuncture in PFC of HIBD rats. A total of 48 mRNAs and 65 lncRNAs was identified relate to acupuncture group and model group. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, we found several lncRNAs and their target mRNAs were related to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. The results of our research may provide new perspectives on the mechanism of acupuncture and affect the diagnosis and treatment of HIBD.
Association between the nonHDLc/HDLc ratio and 30-day mortality for patients with sepsis: a retrospective observational cohort study based on a large multicentre critical care database
Authors: Chang Le , Chen Xinglin , Ye Zhengxu
Published: February 2021

Background: Dyslipidemia contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-c/HDL-c) ratio and mortality for patients with sepsis.Methods: Using data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) with high granularity data for over 200,000 admissions to ICUs monitored by eICU Programs across the United States. We identified 1680 patients with sepsis. All-cause mortality within 30-days after the date of visit to the ICU. We estimated the risk of mortality using multivariable logistic-regression model.Result: There were 115 deaths (6.85%). The probability of mortality decreased when the nonHDLc/HDLc ratio lower than the turning point ( <3.58) with a adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.61–0.94, P=0.011) for every 1 increment of nonHDLc/HDLc ratio. With the per-SD increase in the nonHDLc/HDLc ratio, the OR for mortality was 0.36 (95% CI: 0.16–0.79, P=0.011) when nonHDLc/HDLc ratio was <3.58, while the OR was 1.56 (95% CI: 1.29–1.88, P<0.001) when nonHDLc/HDLc ratio was ≥ 3.58.Conclusion: Higher nonHDLc/HDLc ratio, even at a low level, was associated with a higher risk of 30-day mortality for patients with sepsis. The probability of mortality rose rapidly when the nonHDLc/HDLc ratio higher than the turning point (may at 3.58).
ABHD6 inhibition rescues a sex-dependent deficit in motor coordination in the HdhQ200/200 mouse model of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Cao Jessica K. , Viray Katie , Shin Myungsun , Hsu Ku-Lung , Mackie Ken , Westenbroek Ruth , Stella Nephi
Published: February 2021

Huntington’s Disease is associated with motor behavior deficits that current therapeutics do not alleviate. This pilot study tested if pharmacological inhibition of a/b-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6), a multifunctional enzyme expressed in the striatum, rescues behavioral deficits in HdhQ200/200 mice. Previous work has shown that this model exhibits a reduction in spontaneous locomotion and motor coordination at 8 and 10 months of age, with a more severe phenotype in female mice. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis indicated no change in striatal ABHD6 expression at 8 months of age, but a 40% reduction by 10 months in female HdhQ200/200 mice compared to female wild-type (WT) littermates. At 8 months of age, acute ABHD6 inhibition selectively rescued motor coordination deficits in female HdhQ200/200 mice without affecting WT performance. ABHD6 inhibition did not impact spontaneous locomotion, grip strength or overall weight in either group, showing that effects were specific to motor coordination. At 10 months of age, semi-chronic ABHD6 inhibition by osmotic pump delivery also rescued motor coordination deficits in female HdhQ200/200 mice without affecting female WT littermates. Our preliminary study suggests that ABHD6 inhibition selectively improves motor performance in female HdhQ200/200 mice.
Patient re-presents to the clinic with reactive arthritis in the right hip after covid-19 infection: A case report
Authors: Shokraee Kamyar , Moradi Soroush , Eftekhari Tahereh , Shajari Rasoul , Masoumi Maryam
Published: February 2021

Background: SARS-COV-2, first reported in December 2019, usually presents with respiratory symptoms but can have various other manifestations and sequelae. One of the rare complications of COVID-19 infection is Reactive Arthritis. This complication is more likely to occur following sexually transmitted or gastrointestinal infection.Case presentation: Herein, we report a 58 years old woman hospitalized following COVID-19 infection and was discharged after a week. She consequently presented to the clinic ten days after her discharge, complaining of walking difficulties and radiating pain in her right hip. After ultrasound and MRI, she was diagnosed with reactive arthritis inflammation in the hip’s neck. Other known microorganisms responsible for reactive arthritis were ruled out before attributing it to the earlier COVID-19 infection. She reached remission after being treated using a combination of indomethacin and depot methyl-prednisolone for 14 days. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case of reactive arthritis caused by SARS-COV-2 in the hip. Further attention should be paid to symptoms occurring after an episode of infection with COVID-19 in order to expand our understanding of the disease and the symptoms with which it can manifest.
An innovative high frequency hyperthermia approach against SARS-CoV-2 and related virus: feasibility analysis
Authors: Cutolo Maria Alessandra , Migliaccio Antimo , Altucci Lucia , Cutolo Antonello , Cusano Andrea
Published: February 2021

Heating is a strong enemy of SARS-CoV and related virus. Starting from both this consideration and from the basic principle of the microwave ovens which are based on the strong absorption, from organic tissues, of the radiation centered around 2.15 GHz, we examine the feasibility of using this frequency range to both lower the strength of the SARS-CoV (and related virus) inside the human body and to easily sterilize objects or closed rooms. We underline that this is only a preliminary theoretical feasibility analysis, which, of course, should be experimentally proven.
Extraction and Characterization of Fiber Treatment Inula Viscosa Fibers as Potential Polymer Composite Reinforcement
Authors: Nafissa Moussaoui , Mansour Rokbi , Hocine Osmani , Jawaid Mohammad , Atiqah A. , Asim Mohammad , Lamia Benhamadouche
Published: February 2021

This research aims to analyze the newly discovered cellulosic fiber from the bark of Dittrichia viscosa, or Inula viscosa (IV), and evaluate the effects of permanganate and alkali chemical treatments on the physical properties to improve the interfacial bonding between Inula viscosa reinforced polymer composites. These permanganate and alkali treatments are both efficacious in helping in reducing hydrophilicity and eliminating impurities from the fiber surface, which has been confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). Permanganate-treated IVFs have shown higher tensile strength and interfacial stress resistance (IFFS) than alkaline IVFs, and untreated IVFs by tensile and droplet tests. The different characteristics were studied and compared with other bark fibers already available. It is estimated that the fiber treatments will enable high-quality IVF-reinforced polymer composites for use in the industry.
Sporadic Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Cases Associated With Non-C4 Enterovirus 71 Strain in Xiamen, China From 2009-2018
Authors: Chen Mengyuan , He Shuizhen , Yan Qiang , Zhang Jianmei , Li Caiyu , Su Xiaosong , Zhang Shiyin , Li Tingdong , Ge Shengxiang , Chen Min , Zhang Jun , Xia Ningshao
Published: February 2021

EV71 has caused large HFMD epidemics among young children and EV71 infection was the leading cause of severe cases and deaths. In mainland China, almost all EV71 strains were segregated into C4 sub-genotype and prevalence of non-C4 EV71 strains was still unclear in mainland China. This study aimed to comprehensively report this in Xiamen. 5’UTR and VP1 Sequences of the strains were amplified by RT-nested-PCR and then sequenced. 32 non-C4 EV71 strains were identified in Xiamen during the study. This study would provide important information for related fields and provide new insights of EV71 strains in China.
Clinical Translational Evaluation of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI for Fibroblast Activation Protein Targeted Tumour Imaging
Authors: Wang Shuailiang , Zhou Xin , Xu Xiaoxia , Ding Jin , Liu Song , Hou Xingguo , Li Nan , Zhu Hua , Yang Zhi
Published: February 2021

PurposeIn this study, a novel Al18F-NOTA-FAPI probe was developed for fibroblast activation protein (FAP) targeted tumour imaging, which was available to achieve curie level radioactivity by automatic synthesizer. The tumour detection efficacy of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI was further validated both in preclinical and clinical translational studies. MethodsThe radiolabeling procedure of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI was optimized. Cell uptake and competitive binding assay were completed with U87MG and A549 cell lines, to evaluate the affinity and specificity of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI probe. The biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, radiation dosimetry and tumour imaging efficacy of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI probe were researched with healthy Kunming (KM) and/or U87MG model mice. After the approval of ethical committee, Al18F-NOTA-FAPI probe was translated into clinical for the PET/CT imaging of first 10 cancer patients. ResultsThe radiolabeling yield of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI was 33.8 ± 3.2% through manually operation (n = 10), with the radiochemical purity over than 99% and the specific activity of 9.3-55.5 MBq/nmol. Whole body effective dose of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI was estimated to be 1.24E-02 mSv/MBq, lower than several other FAPI probes ( 68Ga-FAPI-04, 68Ga-FAPI-46 and 68Ga-FAPI-74). In U87MG tumour bearing mice, Al18F-NOTA-FAPI showed good tumor detection efficacy from the results of micro PET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies. In organ biodistribution study of human patients, Al18F-NOTA-FAPI showed lower SUVmean than 2-[18F]FDG in most organs, especially in liver (1.1 ± 0.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.9), brain (0.1 ± 0.0 vs. 5.9 ± 1.3), and bone marrow (0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.4). Meanwhile, Al18F-NOTA-FAPI do not show extensive bone uptakes, and was able to find out more tumour lesions than 2-[18F]FDG in the PET/CT imaging of several patients. ConclusionAl18F-NOTA-FAPI probe was successfully fabricated and applied in fibroblast activation protein targeted tumour PET/CT imaging, which showed excellent imaging quality and tumour detection efficacy in U87MG tumour bearing mice as well as in human cancer patients.
Process Water Recirculation During Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Promising Process Step Towards the Production of N-doped Carbonaceous Materials
Authors: Wüst Dominik , Arauzo Pablo , Habicht Sonja , Cazana Fernando , Fiori Luca , Kruse Andrea
Published: February 2021

Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) refers to the conversion of biogenic wastes into char-like solids with promising perspectives for application, but a process water (PW) results which is difficult to dispose untreated. Thus, a biorefinery approach including one or two recirculation steps with the additional objective of improving the physico-chemical characteristics of the solid was performed. During HTC, constitutive biomass molecules decompose into hundreds of organic compounds, following complex reactions. To get deeper insights a combination of proximate, ultimate and structural analysis for solid products as well as liquid chromatography for liquid products were the choice. The main reactions could be identified by key compounds of low and high molecular weight resulting from hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, deamination as well as amide formation and condensation reactions. Their intensity was influenced by the feedwater pH and reaction temperature. Reactions of Maillard character result in N-containing heterocycles incorporated into the hydrochar (HC), which promises the fabrication of high added-value materials, i.e. N-doped carbonaceous materials.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescents with Eating Disorders: A Cohort Study
Authors: Spettigue Wendy , Obeid Nicole , Erbach Madison , Feder Stephen , Finner Natalie , Harrison Megan E. , Isserlin Leanna , Robinson Amy , Norris Mark L.
Published: February 2021

Background: There is a noticeable lack of evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 and the associated lockdown on young people with eating disorders. The goals of this study were 1) to examine characteristics of adolescents presenting for eating disorder (ED) assessment since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) to compare adolescents presenting for ED assessment since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to those that presented for assessment one year previously; 3) to examine implications of the pandemic on the system of care. Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed on all patients assessed at a pediatric tertiary care ED program during the pandemic between April 1 and October 31, 2020, and on youth assessed during the same time frame one year previously. Data including body measurements and results of psychological measures was extracted from patients’ charts. Clinician reports were utilized for accounts of ED symptoms. Referrals to our program were also compared for the two time periods.Results: Of the 48 youth assessed between April and October 2020, average age was 14.6 years and average percentage of treatment goal weight was 77.7%. 40% cited the pandemic as a trigger for their ED; of these youth, 78.9% were medically unstable compared to 55.2% of those whose ED was not triggered by the pandemic. When comparing the 2020 cohort to those assessed in 2019, youth who presented for assessment during the pandemic trended towards having lower percentage of goal weights and higher rates of self-reported impairment, and were significantly more likely to be medically unstable and to require hospitalization. Higher rates of inpatient admissions, emergency room consultation requests and outpatient referrals deemed “urgent” were likewise associated with the pandemic period.
Changes in retina's vascular and nervous structures in patients with hypertension
Authors: Zhao Run-ze , Fernández Melba Márquez , Toledo Maria Cáceres , Barbeito Teddy Osmin Tamargo , Zhang Guo-xun , Zhang Wen-ting
Published: February 2021

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the correlation between hypertension (HTN) and changes in the retina's vascular and nervous structures in patients with hypertension.Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which included a group of 45 subjects who did not suffer from hypertension (HTN) (Group 1), other two groups of 51 patients with controlled (Group 2) and not controlled (Group 3) HTN. Changes in vascular and nervous structures were identified and evaluated by ophthalmoscopy and OCT, respectively. Parametric and non-parametric tests, Post-hoc, Pearson, and Spearman correlation were used, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: We observed hypertensive retinopathy (HTNR G I and II) in both groups with HTN, with a significant difference (p=0.023). We found a lower average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the average and minimum ganglion cell complex (GCC) in the patients of groups 2 and 3 than those of group 1. We found a negative and slight correlation between systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HTNR with superior GCC thickness in hypertensive patients.Conclusions: hypertension correlated to changes in the retina's vascular and nervous structures, and the nervous structure alterations were not visible by ophthalmoscopy but detected by OCT.
Passing pigtail through snare technique: an easy and fast way to retrieve a catheter fragment with inaccessible ends
Authors: Mori Kensaku , Somagawa Chika , Kagaya Shun , Sakai Masafumi , Honma Satoshi , Nakajima Takahito
Published: February 2021

Background: A catheter fragment with inaccessible ends can be retrieved using the well-known two-step method: making a free end with a pigtail catheter and seizing it with a snare catheter. Here we propose an easier and faster modification, named the “passing pigtail through snare” technique. Case presentation: A 61-year-old female patient underwent removal of a central venous catheter fragment migrating to the right atrium. Both ends located in the right atrial appendage and left hepatic vein were inaccessible. Initially, a snare loop was opened in the inferior vena cava and a pigtail catheter was advanced through the snare loop to hook the catheter fragment. The free end was created by pulling the pigtail catheter, dragged automatically into the snare loop, grasped, and retrieved immediately. Conclusions: By passing the pigtail catheter through the snare loop in advance, the snaring maneuver becomes easy and fast in retrieving the catheter fragment with inaccessible ends.
Modelling Daily Surface Runoff, Sediment and Nutrient Loss at Watershed Scale Employing APEX Model Interfaced with GIS – A Case Study in Himalayan Landscape
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Singh Ravinder Pal , Kalambukattu Justin George
Published: February 2021

Daily surface runoff, sediment and nutrient loss data collected from a watershed located in Uttarakhand state of Indian Himalayan region, in year 2010-2011 and of which half of the events data were used for calibration and remaining for validation. Model was calibrated for surface runoff, sediment loss and nutrient loss to optimize the input given to the model to predict the sediment loss, erosion and nutrient loss. The calibration was done by changing the sensitive parameters. Analysis showed that SCS CN number was found most sensitive to runoff, followed by saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water-holding capacity, CN retention parameter and C factor whereas erosion control practice (P) factor was found to be most sensitive, followed by C factor, sediment routing coefficient, average upland slope and soil erodibility (K) factor for the sediment and nutrient loss. APEX model calibrated for the watershed and it predicted quite well for the surface runoff (r=0.92, NSE=0.50), sediment loss (r=0.88, NSE=0.61 and nutrients of total carbon (r=0.78, NSE=0.59) and fairly for total nitrogen (r=0.77, NSE=0.19). Surface runoff was predicted well for low and medium rainfall; however, it was over predicted for high rainfall events. Over prediction may be attributed to the unaccountable conservation measures and practices which were not accounted by the model. Similarly, sediment loss was estimated on daily basis at the watershed scale and was well predicted for low and medium rainfalls but under-estimated for high rainfall events. The area is prone to landslips occurred at high rainfall events was not accounted by the model that may be a reason for under prediction of sediment loss by the model.
Structural, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Zn@CdO Nanostructured Thin Films: A Quantitative Comparison With Dft
Authors: Khan Ziaul Raza , Gandouzi M. , Alshammari Adullah S. , Bouzidi M. , Shkir Mohd. , Alfaify S. , Mohamed Mansour
Published: February 2021

This paper presents experimental and density functional theory (DFT) investigations of Zn doping role in the Zn@CdO ternary system. Zn doped CdO nanostructures with different Zn concentrations were successfully casted on glass substrates by sol-gel spin coating method. Cubic Zn@CdO structured ternary alloyed nanostructures thin films with 0.0%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% wt. Zn concentrations were obtained. An enhancement in the lateral growth of CdO cauliflower-like nanostructures was observed after Zn addition which leads to a 2D growth of nanostructured films with improved continuity. The effect of Zn doping on the linear optical parameters such as the optical band gap, the absorption index and the refractive index were also investigated. A remarkable blue shift in the band edge was observed as Zn is incorporated into the CdO matrix. In addition, the third order nonlinear optical parameters χ(3) and n2 were calculated and found to be about 2.89×10-12 - 4.33×10-14 esu and 2.89×10-12 - 4.33×10-14 esu; respectively. A density functional theory (DFT) based Wien2k package was utilized to theoretically investigate the lattice parameters, the electronic structure, the absorption index and the refractive index of the Zn@CdO ternary nanoalloys. The role of Zn doping on the aforesaid properties was theoretically investigated for 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5% and 25% Zn doping concentrations and was compared with the experimentally determined parameters. The combined theoretical and experimental investigations presented herein along with the detailed discussion of the obtained findings would provide a deep understanding of the opto-electronic behavior of the Zn doped CdO nanostructured films as well as their suitability for devices applications.
Mechanisms of Impact and Experiences of a Person-Centred Transition Programme for Adolescents With Chd: The Stepstones Project
Authors: Saarijärvi Markus , Wallin Lars , Moons Philip , Gyllensten Hanna , Bratt Ewa-Lena
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDuring the past decade there has been some evaluation of transition programmes for adolescents with chronic conditions. However, this has rarely involved process evaluations focusing on mechanisms leading to outcomes, thus hampering implementation of these complex interventions. Our aim was to (I) describe adolescents’ and parents’ experiences of participating in a person-centred transition programme aiming to empower them in transition to adulthood and (II) explore the mechanisms of impact.MethodsA qualitative process evaluation was performed, embedded in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a transition programme for adolescents with congenital heart disease in Sweden. A purposive sample of 14 adolescents and 12 parents randomized to the intervention were interviewed after participation in the programme. Data were analysed deductively and inductively in NVivo v12. ResultsExperiences of participation in the transition programme were generally positive. Meeting a transition coordinator trained in person-centred care and adolescent health and embarking on an educational process based on the adolescents’ prerequisites in combination with peer support were considered key change mechanisms. However, support to parents was not delivered as intended, resulting in ambivalence about changing roles and the unmet needs off parents who required additional support.ConclusionsParticipants experienced increased empowerment in several dimensions of this construct, thus demonstrating that the transition programme was largely implemented as intended and the evidence-based behaviour-change techniques used proved effective in reaching the outcome. These findings can inform future implementation of transition programmes and illuminate challenges associated with delivering a complex intervention for adolescents with chronic conditions.
Orbital Effect on Carbyne Based Sensor
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Heidari Zahra , Rahmani Meisam , Ahmadi Mahan
Published: February 2021

Carbyne material with sp-hybridized atoms has been considered as a one dimensional structure with unique properties which has been widely used in nanotechnology. In the presented work the effect of electron overlap energy in the form of electron interaction with in the unit cell and nearest neighbors is explored. In addition, the band structure variation under proposed interaction in one dimensional carbyne is investigated. The effect of overlap energy variation inside and outside the unit cell on the band gap is intended. Under proposed structure the effective mass and density of states parameters are explored. It is demonstrated that by increasing the interaction between s and p orbitals in the unit cell, the band gap increases. However, the band gap is decreased by increasing the interaction between s and p orbitals out the unit cell which can be sued as a sensing mechanism.
Analysis of thromboembolic events in head and neck cancer patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin: A real-world study
Authors: Cho Hundo , Kang Seok Yun , Lee Hyun Woo , Choi Yong Won , Kim Tae-Hwan , Ahn Mi Sun , Choi Jin-Hyuk , Kim Chul-Ho , Shin Yoo Seob , Jang Jeon Yeob , Oh Young-Taek , Heo Jaesung , Sheen Seung Soo
Published: February 2021

Background

The risk of thromboembolic events (TEE) in cancer patients, especially those receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy, is higher than that of general population.
Methods

The study investigated the incidence of TEE in 257 head and neck (H&N) cancer patients, during or within 6 months of completion of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with cisplatin, and analyzed factors affecting TEE occurrence.
Results

TEE occurred in 5 patients, an incidence rate of 1.9%. Khorana score was the only factor associated with TEE occurrence (p = 0.010).
Conclusions

The incidence of TEE in H&N cancer patients who underwent CCRT with cisplatin was relatively low when compared to other types of cancer. However, patients with a high Khorana score require more careful surveillance for possible TEE occurrence.
Expression of Interleukin 1, Interleukin 27 and TNF α Genes in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Versus Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Saadi Mahdiyar Iravani , Salami Javad , Abdi Hanieh , Abdolyousefi Ehsan Nabi , Niknam Ahmad , Karimi Zahed , Beigi Mohammad Ali Babaee , Mohammadi Abbas , Manafi Alireza
Published: February 2021

Objective: Congestive Heart failure (CHF) is a complex multifactorial syndrome due to tissue hypo perfusion that is affected by some factors like inflammatory cytokines. In our study we investigated the exact gene expression of three inflammatory cytokines in ischemic and idiopathic cardiomyopathy patients.Materials and Methods: From 49 studied recipients in ischemic group, 23 (46.9%) were male and from 40 studied recipients in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy group, 19 (47.5%) were male. For the quantitative analysis of Interleukin (IL)1, IL-27 and TNF-α mRNAs expression level, the SYBR Green Real-Time PCR method was performed using SYBRPremix Ex TaqTM II (Tli RNaseH Plus) (Takara, Japan) and designed primers speciﬁc for each genes in an iQ5 thermocycler (BioRad Laboratories, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Results: Our results showed that the expression level of IL-1 and TNF-α were significantly higher in the ischemic patients compared to healthy controls (P<0.001, P<0.01, respectively); also we found higher levels of IL-1 and IL-27 gene expressions in idiopathic patients compared to healthy controls (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). There were not any significant difference of IL-1, IL-27 and TNF-α expression levels between ischemic patients and idiopathic ones.Conclusion: Although we would introduce IL1, IL-27 and TNF α as effective inflammatory cytokines on myocardial functions in ischemic and idiopathic cardiomyopathy patients; there is not any difference between these two groups in gene expression of three main inflammatory cytokines.
Alternative splicing of ANLN synergistically contribute to the progression of head-neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Guo Erliang , Mao xionghui , Guo Lunhua , An Changming , Zhang Cong , Song Kaibin , Wang Guohui , Duan Chunbin , Zhang Xiwei , Yang Xianguang , Yuan Zhennan , Sun Ji , Li Xiaomei , Yang Weiwei , Meng Hongxue , Miao Susheng
Published: February 2021

Objective

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer with high mortality. Anillin (ANLN) has been identified as an actin-binding protein highly expressed in multiple cancers. However, the expression pattern and functional effects of ANLN in HNSCC remains to be unclear.
Methods

ANLN alternative splicing was assessed in HNSCC tissues and cell lines. We investigated the functional effects and related mechanisms of ANLN alternative splicing in HNSCC in vitro and in vivo.
Results

Our results showed that two ANLN alternative RNA splicing ANLN-201 and ANLN-210 were highly expressed in HNSCC tissues and cell lines. Knockout of ANLN led to inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of SCC-9 cells. ANLN-201 mainly binded to Myc and thus played a role in promoting cell proliferation, migration and invasion of SCC-9. ANLN-210 was found to bind mainly to HNRNPC and secreting into the environment in the form of exosomes. Exosomal ANLN-210 promotes macrophage polarization via PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which in turn facilitated HNSCC tumor growth.
Conclusions

Variable alternative splicing of ANLN synergistically contribute to the progression of head-neck squamous cell carcinoma, which might offer new perspectives of HNSCC for treatment strategies.
Old Does Not Necessarily Mean Worse: Standard Stupp Regimen for Elderly Patients (≥ 70 years) with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Vaugier Loig , Ah-Thiane Loïc , Aumont Maud , Jouglar Emmanuel , Campone Mario , Colliard Camille , Doucet Ludovic , Frenel Jean-Sébastien , Gourmelon Carole , Robert Marie , Martin Stéphane-André , Riem Tanguy , Roualdes Vincent , Campion Loïc , Mervoyer Augustin
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Glioblastoma (GBM) is frequent in elderly patients, but their frailty provokes debate regarding optimal treatment in general, and the standard Stupp regimen in particular, although this is the mainstay for younger (<65 years) patients.

Methods

All patients with newly diagnosed GBM and age ≥ 70 who were referred to our institution for Stupp treatment were reviewed from 2004 to 2018. MGMT status was not available for treatment decision. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were relapse-free survival (RFS), early (≤ 1 month after RCT) adverse neurological events (symptoms of intracranial hypertension and/or use of corticosteroids and/or hospitalization) and temozolomide hematologic toxicity assessed by CTCAE v5.

Results

128 patients were included. The median age was 74.1 (IQR: 72-77). 15% of patients were ≥80 years. 62.5% and 37.5% of patients fulfilled the criteria for RPA class I-II and III-IV, respectively. 81% of patients received the entire RCT and 28% completed the maintenance temozolomide. With median follow-up of 11.7 months (IQR: 6.5-17.5), median OS was 11.7 months (CI95%: 10-13 months). Median RFS was 9.5 months (CI95%: 9-10.5 months). 60% of patients had early adverse neurological events, of whom 44% had progression and 8% experienced grade ≥3 hematologic adverse events. RPA class III-IV and occurrence of neurological events were associated with lower OS rates, whereas post-operative neurological disabilities were not. Age ≥80 was not associated with worsened outcomes.

Conclusions

Stupp radiochemotherapy was feasible and effective for “real-life” elderly patients diagnosed with glioblastoma, even in the case of post-operative neurological disabilities.
Assessment of Triboelectricity in Colossal-Surface-Area-Lanthanum Oxide Nanocrystals Synthesized via Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Process
Authors: METI SUNIL , Sagar Hosangadi Prutvi , Rahman Mohammad Rizwanur , K Udaya Bhat
Published: February 2021

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have marked their applications in various fields, most importantly, in medical devices. The electrical output of the TENGs mainly concentrated on parameters such as electrode separation distance, applied mechanical pressure, surface charge density, and overlapping surface-area. The surface-area of the active layer in TENGs plays a crucial role. Given this, the present contribution is the first report on the utilization of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) as an active material with a large surface-area (~72.33 m2/g) in TENGs. The nanocrystals of La2O3 have been successfully embedded into TENGs architecture through a high-quality screen-printed film with a Teflon-counter surface. The in-house test-rig of TENGs resulted in an output open-circuit voltage of 120 V and a short-circuit current of 23.7 μA. Further, the maximum power density is 7.125 W/m2 at an external load resistance of 30 MΩ. These results suggest that La2O3 is a suitable contender in various self-powered devices.
Green synthesize of fly ash-based zeolite X: A potential microwave absorbent
Authors: Shi Bin , Zhao Junjie , Chang Qing
Published: February 2021

Zeolite X is a potential electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption material owning to its advantages of good dielectric properties, light weight and large specific surface area. Herein, high-purity zeolite X was prepared from fly ash using a green synthesis approach, in which only trace water was used and achieved zero discharge of waste water. Physiochemical properties of fabricated zeolite X were comprehensively evaluated through XRD, PSD, SEM, TG-DSC and BET test. XRD pattern shows the successful preparation of zeolite X with good crystallinity and high purity, and the average particle size is ~2.45 μm, which conforms to Gaussian distributions. The fabricated zeolite X exhibits typical octahedral structure and good thermal stability. It is noteworthy that the specific surface area is up to 473.56 m 2 /g, representing porous structure, which is beneficial to EMW attenuation. What’s more, the abundant crystal water and adsorbed water existing in the sample is conductive to dipole polarization, which further consume EMW energy. This study provides an eco-friendly approach to change waste into valuables, and moreover the synthesized zeolite X is a potential EMW absorbing material.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Light-Emitting Device Based on the CdS/ZnS Spherical
Quantum Dots
Authors: Hasanirokh Kobra , Asgari Asghar , Mohammadi Saber
Published: February 2021

In this work, we focus on the colloidal quantum dot based light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) performance. First, we synthesize the spherical QDs with a CdS core that covered with a wider band gap II–VI semiconductor acting as a shell (ZnS). In order to synthesize this nano crystal QDs with structure of CdS/ZnS/CdS/ZnS, we use a reverse micelle process. These four-layer quantum well quantum dots (QWQDs) can generate the white light emission. The positional design of different layers i.e., core/shell QD emitters is a critical factor for white emissive devices. The blue emission generated by CdS core mixes with green/orange components originating from ZnS inner shell and creates an efficiency white light emission. Then, we fabricate a white-QDLED with a device structure of ITO/ ZnO / QD / CBP/ MoO 3 / Al films. A thin film of CdS/ZnS/CdS/ZnS QDs is deposited by electrostatically assembled colloidal QD solutions. The experimental results show that the emission spectra of QDs and current density through the LED are controlled by varying the particle sizes. The peaks of absorbance and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums get the red shifted as the dot size increases. Furthermore, this QD-LED with a smaller nano particle layer has a higher current density.
Study on shear properties of riveted lap joints of aircraft fuselage with different hole diameters
Authors: Li Ming , Tian Wei , Liao Wenhe , Hu Junshan , Wang Changrui
Published: February 2021

Riveting is the most important way to connect metal sheets, which is widely used in the connection of aircraft components. In this paper, the effect of different hole diameters on the shear properties of riveted lap joints were studied from the perspective of practical application. Considering the symmetry and the calculation time of the model, a 2D axisymmetric finite element method is established with the help of ABAQUS commercial finite element software, the validity of the finite element model is verified by experiment tests. Because the interference distribution has an important influence on the mechanical properties of riveted lap joints, the interference distribution and material flow characteristics in riveting process are analyzed in detail by using finite element method, and the shear characteristics of riveted lap joints in tensile process are explained. The variation of hole diameter with shear force under different squeeze force was obtained by shear test in order to explain the effect of hole diameter on the shear mechanical properties of riveted lap joint. In addition, the fracture mode and microstructure of the rivet shank were characterized by SEM and the formation process of brittleness and plastic fracture is discussed. Finally, the shear failure mechanism of riveted lap joint is analyzed in detail to provide guidance for engineering application. The test results show that all the specimens are both brittle and plastic mixed fracture modes of rivet shank, and the shear strength of the rivet increases with the increase of the hole diameter. Compared with increasing the squeeze force, increasing the hole diameter can effectively improve the shear strength of the riveted lap joint.
Socioeconomic Variation of Multimorbidity in Colombian Older Adults
Authors: Ballesteros Silvia Marcela , Moreno-Montoya José , Grooten Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas , Barrera-López Pedro , Hoz-Valle José A. De la
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMultimorbidity prevalence in the elderly is increasing worldwide. Variations regarding the socioeconomic characteristics of the individuals and their context have been described, mostly in high-income scenarios. This study aims to assess the magnitude and the socioeconomic factors associated with variations on multimorbidity in Colombia.MethodsA cross-sectional multilevel study with a nationally representative sample of 23 694 Colombian adults aged 60 years and older was conducted. Individual socioeconomic, demographic, childhood and health related characteristics, as well as group level variables (multidimensional poverty index and infectious diseases mortality rate) were analyzed. A two-level stepwise structural equation model was used to simultaneously adjust the individual and contextual effects. ResultsMultimorbidity prevalence was 62.3% (95% CI 61.7–62.9). In the multilevel adjusted models, age, female sex, having functional limitations, non-white ethnicity, high body mass index, higher income, physical inactivity, poverty during childhood and living in urban areas were associated with multimorbidity. The mediation analysis showed that living in rural areas was significantly associated with infectious disease mortality rate and other individual associations with multimorbidity were mediated by the multidimensional poverty variable. ConclusionsThis paper demonstrates a strong association between multimorbidity and poverty in a low-middle income country. Differences in the factors involved in the etiology of multimorbidity are expected among wealthy and poor countries regarding availability and prioritization of health services.