bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology in Espionage and Counterintelligence: Some Cautionary Lessons from Armed Conflict
Authors: Leveringhaus Alex
Published: August 2023

This essay contends that the ethics around the use of spy technology to gather intelligence (TECHINT) during espionage and counterintelligence operations is ambiguous. To build this argument, the essay critically scrutinizes Cécile Fabre's recent and excellent book Spying through a Glass Darkly, which argues that there are no ethical differences between the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) obtained from or by human assets and TECHINT in these operations. As the essay explains, Fabre arrives at this position by treating TECHINT as a like-for-like replacement for HUMINT. The essay argues instead that TECHINT is unlikely to act as a like-for-like replacement for HUMINT. As such, TECHINT might transform existing practices of espionage and counterintelligence, giving rise to new ethical challenges not captured in Fabre's analysis. To illustrate the point, the essay builds an analogy between TECHINT and recent armed conflicts in which precision weapons have been deployed. Although precision weapons seem ethically desirable, their availability has created new practices of waging war that are ethically problematic. By analogy, TECHINT, though not intrinsically undesirable, has the capacity to generate new practices of intelligence gathering that are ethically problematic—potentially more than HUMINT. Ultimately, recent negative experiences with the use of precision weaponry should caution against an overly positive assessment of TECHINT's ethical desirability.
Structural breaks in seemingly unrelated regression models
Authors: Parsaeian Shahnaz
Published: August 2023

This paper develops an efficient Stein-like shrinkage estimator for estimating slope parameters under structural breaks in seemingly unrelated regression models, which is then used for forecasting. The proposed method is a weighted average of two estimators: a restricted estimator that estimates the parameters under the restriction of no break in the coefficients, and an unrestricted estimator that considers break points and estimates the parameters using the observations within each regime. It is established that the asymptotic risk of the Stein-like shrinkage estimator is smaller than that of the unrestricted estimator, which is the method typically used to estimate the slope coefficients under structural breaks. Furthermore, this paper proposes an averaging minimal mean squared error estimator in which the averaging weight is derived by minimizing its asymptotic risk. Insights from the theoretical analysis are demonstrated in Monte Carlo simulations and through an empirical example of forecasting output growth of G7 countries.
Cathedral Growth: How the Rest of the Church of England Can Join In: Away from Polarization and Towards a New Mixed Ecology for Growth
Authors: Mumford Thomas
Published: August 2023

In light of current debates and historical precedent, this article rejects polarized approaches to growth in the Church of England. Instead, it points towards the significant numerical growth experienced by English cathedrals as evidence for the fruits of a mixed practice approach. Analysing the growth experienced by cathedrals in recent years, it is posed that, combined with rootedness in place and local identity, a mixed practice approach could be a model for a well-functioning mixed ecology, and a growing Church.
Effects of paraquat application at cover crop planting on cover crop biomass and weed suppression
Authors: Sias Cynthia , Bamber Kevin W. , Kumar Vipin , Singh Vijay , Flessner Michael L.
Published: August 2023

Successful cover crop (CC) establishment in the fall is important to maximize CC production, which is critical for achieving many objectives of CCs. Competition from winter weeds may reduce CC establishment and biomass production. A preplant herbicide, such as paraquat, at the time of CC planting in the fall will reduce winter weed pressure resulting in better establishment and growth. An experiment was conducted between 2019 and 2021 to test this hypothesis by evaluating a no-CC check, cereal rye, hairy vetch, crimson clover, and cereal rye + hairy vetch drilled with and without paraquat applied at planting (mid-October to mid-November) following either a corn or soybean crop. Visible weed suppression ratings were collected in mid-April, and total CC and weed biomass was collected in late April. More CC biomass was accumulated following corn than soybean, regardless of preplant herbicide application, because corn is typically harvested before soybeans. Therefore, CCs should be planted early to accumulate more biomass. Weed suppression varied by weed species from all factors, but in general weed suppression was best from a CC mixture containing cereal rye and paraquat applied at planting. If weed suppression is the main goal of the CC, then a preplant herbicide at CC planting is recommended. However, if CC weed suppression goals can be achieved through biomass accumulation, no preplant herbicide is needed. This information is useful for producers to achieve various CC objectives while managing costs.
A Numerical Modeling Approach for Better Differentiation of Boulders Transported by a Tsunami, Storm, and Storm‐Induced Energetic Infragravity Waves
Authors: Watanabe Masashi , Goto Kazuhisa , Roeber Volker , Kan Hironobu , Imamura Fumihiko
Published: August 2023

Coastal boulders are often indicators of past extreme wave events. In fact, the coastal boulder distribution induced by infragravity‐dominated storm waves (energetic IG waves) may be similar to that induced by tsunamis; however, this assumption is yet to be investigated. We show that the factors responsible for generating energetic IG waves under storm scenarios are not identical to those affecting the boulders' transport distances. Our results indicate that the storm waves typically only transport boulders over short distances as compared to boulders deposited by tsunamis, even when energetic IG waves are being generated. When the dimensionless transport distance of a boulder (=transport distance of a boulder/offshore wave height) is less than 4.0 × 10 over planar topography and 3.0 × 10 over reef topography, both waves can potentially be responsible for the transport distance. In this case, whether a reasonably‐sized storm or tsunami can explain a boulder location in a study area should be investigated through detailed numerical modeling. We found a clear relationship between the dimensionless transport distance of tsunami boulders and the Iribarren number, and it is plausible to directly estimate offshore wave height or wavelength from the tsunami boulder distribution and beach slope without numerical simulation.
Can Mud Deposits Indicate Inundation Extent of Paleotsunamis? Insights From Sediment‐Transport Simulations for Sand and Mud
Authors: Watanabe Masashi , Goto Kazuhisa , Abe Tomoya
Published: August 2023

Field surveys following the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami showed that mud tsunami deposits reached close to the tsunami inundation limit. However, the factors controlling the distribution of mud tsunami deposits remained unclear. We investigated these influencing factors by numerically simulating sand and mud transport after validating the tsunami inundation and distributions of sand and mud deposits during the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami based on our sensitivity analysis of parameters used in the mud and sand sediment simulations. We have revealed that when the source of mud sediments is only on the seafloor (i.e., no terrestrial source), mud is deposited along less than 10% of the inundation distance. In contrast, if a terrestrial source of mud is present, mud deposits can cover 100% of the inundation distance. We have also revealed that mud sediments are not formed when topographic slopes are steep (1/20–1/500), irrespective of a terrestrial mud source, because flow stagnation does not occur. Therefore, to reproduce past inundation ranges of tsunamis from the distribution of mud deposits, two conditions are required: (a) regions with onshore mud sediments and (b) a gentle topographic slope (around 1/1,000) to allow for long‐time (more than 100 min) flow stagnation.
A robust lateral shift free (LSF) electrothermal micromirror with flexible multimorph beams
Authors: Yang Hengzhang , Ren Anrun , Ding Yingtao , Xiao Lei , Pan Teng , Yan Yangyang , Jiao Wenlong , Xie Huikai
Published: August 2023

Electrothermal bimorph-based scanning micromirrors typically employ standard silicon dioxide (SiO2) as the electrothermal isolation material. However, due to the brittle nature of SiO2, such micromirrors may be incapable to survive even slight collisions, which greatly limits their application range. To improve the robustness of electrothermal micromirrors, a polymer material is incorporated and partially replaces SiO2as the electrothermal isolation and anchor material. In particular, photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) is used, which also simplifies the fabrication process. Here, PSPI-based electrothermal micromirrors have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The PSPI-type micromirrors achieved an optical scan angle of ±19.6° and a vertical displacement of 370 μm at only 4 Vdc. With a mirror aperture size of 1 mm × 1 mm, the PSPI-type micromirrors survived over 200 g accelerations from either vertical or lateral directions in impact experiments. In the drop test, the PSPI-type micromirrors survived falls to a hard floor from heights up to 21 cm. In the standard frequency sweeping vibration test, the PSPI-type micromirrors survived 21 g and 29 g acceleration in the vertical and lateral vibrations, respectively. In all these tests, the PSPI-type micromirrors demonstrated at least 4 times better robustness than SiO2-type micromirrors fabricated in the same batch.
Loss of NDUFS1 promotes gastric cancer progression by activating the mitochondrial ROS-HIF1α-FBLN5 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Dongbao , Wang Yunliang , Shen Xiaochun , Dong Anqi , Dong Chao , Duan Kaipeng , Ren Jiayu , Li Weikang , Shu Gege , Yang Jiaoyang , Xie Yufeng , Qian Fuliang , Zhou Jin
Published: August 2023

Background

Recent studies suggested that NDUFS1 has an important role in human cancers; however, the effects of NDUFS1 on gastric cancer (GC) are still not fully understood.

Methods

We confirmed that NDUFS1 is downregulated in GC cells through western blot immunohistochemistry and bioinformation analysis. The effect of NDUFS1 on GC was studied by CCK-8, colony formation, transwell assay in vitro and Mouse xenograft assay in vivo. Expression and subcellular localization of NDUFS1 and the content of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) was observed by confocal reflectance microscopy.

Results

Reduced expression of NDUFS1 was found in GC tissues and cell lines. Also, NDUFS1 overexpression inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro as well as growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, NDUFS1 reduction led to the activation of the mROS-hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) signaling pathway. We further clarified that NDUFS1 reduction upregulated the expression of fibulin 5 (FBLN5), a transcriptional target of HIF1α, through activation of mROS-HIF1α signaling in GC cells.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that NDUFS1 downregulation promotes GC progression by activating an mROS-HIF1α-FBLN5 signaling pathway.
Diagnostic implications of pitfalls in causal variant identification based on 4577 molecularly characterized families
Authors: AlAbdi Lama , Maddirevula Sateesh , Shamseldin Hanan E. , Khouj Ebtissal , Helaby Rana , Hamid Halima , Almulhim Aisha , Hashem Mais O. , Abdulwahab Firdous , Abouyousef Omar , Alqahtani Mashael , Altuwaijri Norah , Jaafar Amal , Alshidi Tarfa , Alzahrani Fatema ,   Mendeliome Group, Al-Sagheir Afaf I. , Mansour Ahmad M. , Alawaji Ali , Aldhilan Amal , Alhashem Amal , Alhemidan Amal , Nabil Amira , Khan Arif O. , Aljohar Aziza , Alsaleem Badr , Tabarki Brahim , Lourenco Charles Marques , Faqeih Eissa , AlShail Essam , Almesaifri Fatima , Mutairi Fuad Al , Alzaidan Hamad , Morsy Heba , Alshihry Hind , Alkuraya Hisham , Girisha Katta Mohan , Al-Fayez Khawla , Al-Rubeaan Khalid , kraoua Lilia , Alnemer Maha , Tulbah Maha , Zaki Maha S. , Alfadhel Majid , Abouelhoda Mohammed , Nezarati Marjan M. , Al-Qattan Mohammad , Shboul Mohammad , Abanemai Mohammed , Al-Muhaizea Mohammad A. , Al-owain Mohammed , Bafaqeeh Mohammed Sameer , Alshammari Muneera , Abukhalid Musaad , Alsahan Nada , Derar Nada , Meriki Neama , Bohlega Saeed A. , Tala Saeed Al , Alhassan Saad , Wali Sami , Mohamed Sarar , Coskun Serdar , Saadeh Sermin , Tkemaladze Tinatin , Kurdi Wesam , Alhumaidi Zainab Ahmed , Rahbeeni Zuhair , Alkuraya Fowzan S.
Published: August 2023

Despite large sequencing and data sharing efforts, previously characterized pathogenic variants only account for a fraction of Mendelian disease patients, which highlights the need for accurate identification and interpretation of novel variants. In a large Mendelian cohort of 4577 molecularly characterized families, numerous scenarios in which variant identification and interpretation can be challenging are encountered. We describe categories of challenges that cover the phenotype (e.g. novel allelic disorders), pedigree structure (e.g. imprinting disorders masquerading as autosomal recessive phenotypes), positional mapping (e.g. double recombination events abrogating candidate autozygous intervals), gene (e.g. novel gene-disease assertion) and variant (e.g. complex compound inheritance). Overall, we estimate a probability of 34.3% for encountering at least one of these challenges. Importantly, our data show that by only addressing non-sequencing-based challenges, around 71% increase in the diagnostic yield can be expected. Indeed, by applying these lessons to a cohort of 314 cases with negative clinical exome or genome reports, we could identify the likely causal variant in 54.5%. Our work highlights the need to have a thorough approach to undiagnosed diseases by considering a wide range of challenges rather than a narrow focus on sequencing technologies. It is hoped that by sharing this experience, the yield of undiagnosed disease programs globally can be improved.
Drug classification with a spectral barcode obtained with a smartphone Raman spectrometer
Authors: Kim Un Jeong , Lee Suyeon , Kim Hyochul , Roh Yeongeun , Han Seungju , Kim Hojung , Park Yeonsang , Kim Seokin , Chung Myung Jin , Son Hyungbin , Choo Hyuck
Published: August 2023

Measuring, recording and analyzing spectral information of materials as its unique finger print using a ubiquitous smartphone has been desired by scientists and consumers. We demonstrated it as drug classification by chemical components with smartphone Raman spectrometer. The Raman spectrometer is based on the CMOS image sensor of the smartphone with a periodic array of band pass filters, capturing 2D Raman spectral intensity map, newly defined as spectral barcode in this work. Here we show 11 major components of drugs are classified with high accuracy, 99.0%, with the aid of convolutional neural network (CNN). The beneficial of spectral barcodes is that even brand name of drug is distinguishable and major component of unknown drugs can be identified. Combining spectral barcode with information obtained by red, green and blue (RGB) imaging system or applying image recognition techniques, this inherent property based labeling system will facilitate fundamental research and business opportunities.
Oxygen vacancies induced band gap narrowing for efficient visible-light response in carbon-doped TiO2
Authors: Guan Sujun , Cheng Yanling , Hao Liang , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Tarashima Chiaki , Zhan Tianzhuo , Itoi Takaomi , Qiu Tangbin , Lu Yun
Published: August 2023

The band gap of rutile TiO2 has been narrowed, via the formation of oxygen vacancies (OVs) during heat treatment in carbon powder (cHT) with embedding TiO2 coatings. The narrowed band gap efficiently improves the visible light response of TiO2 coatings, to further enhance the visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. The change in OVs during cHT has been studied by manipulation of cHT temperature and time. The effect of OVs on the band structure of nonstoichiometric TiO2-x has been further calculated by first-principles calculations. With raising the temperature, SEM images show that the nano-size fiber-like structure forms on the surface of TiO2 coatings, and the amount of the fiber-like structure significantly increases and their size changes from nano to micro under 800 °C, contributing to cause an increase in accessible surface area. The UV–Vis results reveal that the band gap of TiO2 has been narrowed during cHT, due to the formed oxygen vacancies. The XPS results further confirm that the formation of surface defects including OVs, and the XPS depth profile further shows the decreased relative amount of O whereas increased relative amount of carbon. Notably, after cHT for TiO2 coatings, the photocatalytic activity first increases then decreases with raising the temperature, achieving approximately 3 times at 850 °C. The first-principles calculation suggest that the OVs in TiO2 coatings with localized electrons could facilitate the band gap narrowing, further favoring to enhance the photocatalytic activity under visible light.
Proposal for a Lorenz qubit
Authors: Geller Michael R.
Published: August 2023

Nonlinear qubit master equations have recently been shown to exhibit rich dynamical phenomena such as period doubling, Hopf bifurcation, and strange attractors usually associated with classical nonlinear systems. Here we investigate nonlinear qubit models that support tunable Lorenz attractors. A Lorenz qubit could be realized experimentally by combining qubit torsion, generated by real or simulated mean field dynamics, with linear amplification and dissipation. This would extend engineered Lorenz systems to the quantum regime, allowing for their direct experimental study and possible application to quantum information processing.
Genetic analysis of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neuroinflammation from sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Cheng Yajing , Chen Ting , Hu Jun
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to identify hub genes and pathological mechanisms related to neuroinflammation in Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (SCJD) based on comprehensive bioinformatics. SCJD and normal samples were collected from GSE160208. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Limma R package were used to obtain key genes, which were used for enrichment and immune cell infiltration analyses. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, cytoHubba, and machine learning were used to screen the central genes of SCJD. The chemicals related to hub genes were predicted and explored by molecular docking. 88 candidate genes were screened. Enrichment analysis showed they were mainly related to bacterial and viral infection and immune cell activation. Immune cell infiltration analysis suggested that immune cell activation and altered activity of the immune system are involved in the progression of SCJD. After identifying hub genes, KIT and SPP1 had higher diagnostic efficacy for SCJD (AUC > 0.9), so they were identified as central genes. The molecular docking results showed hub genes both docked well with Tretinoin. KIT, SPP1, and Tretinoin are essential in developing neuroinflammation in SCJD and may provide new ideas for diagnosing and treating SCJD.
Ocular steroidome in human eyes and in eyes with complex central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR)
Authors: Zola Marta , Bousquet Elodie , Bourges Jean-Louis , Azan Fréderic , Zhao Min , Jaworski Thara , Pussard Eric , Behar-Cohen Francine
Published: August 2023

The exact link between systemic and ocular endogenous corticoids (steroidome) is unclear and whether the ocular steroidome is altered in CSCR eyes is unknown. The aims of this study were to analyze the human steroidome in the aqueous humor as a function of age, sex and time of the day, to correlate systemic and ocular steroidome and to analyze the ocular steroidome in long lasting complex inactive CSCR. Based on our results, we present two CSCR cases treated by the combination of oral mineralocorticoid antagonist and glucocorticoids drops. In a cross-sectional study, aqueous humor (AH) was collected between 8am and 6 pm from 50 unaffected individuals (25 men and 25 women) and from 14 patients with chronic CSCR, during cataract surgery. In addition, simultaneous serum and AH were collected from 27 individuals undergoing cataract surgery and, simultaneous AH and vitreous were collected from 9 patients undergoing cataract and vitrectomy to estimate corticoids levels in the different compartments. The steroidome was determined using a LC–MS/MS method that quantifies 13 endogenous corticoids from the gluco, mineralocorticoid and androgen pathways. In AH and vitreous, the highest corticoid level is reached by cortisol (F), that represents less than 10% of F serum level. The cortisol levels in the serum did not correlate with ocular cortisol levels. Serum and ocular cortisone (E) levels correlate, although less than 5% of circulating E reaches the eye. The only mineralocorticoids measured in the AH were corticosterone (B) and its inactive form, the 11-desoxycorticosterone (A). There was no influence of circadian rhythm on cortisol ocular levels and there was no correlation between the age or the sex and the level of F, E, A, and B. In eyes with chronic inactive CSCR, the levels of the active glucocorticoid form F was lower than in control eyes and the F/E ratio was reduced by 50% but the B/A ratio was higher indicating imbalance towards active mineralocorticoids. Base on this observation, we propose to combine an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor together with topical glucocorticoids in two CSCR patients, resistant to all other treatments, with favorable outcome. Our results indicate that the ocular psteroidome is highly regulated suggesting a local metabolism of ocular corticoids. In eyes with long-lasting complex inactive CSCR, the steroidome analysis shows lower active glucocorticoids and higher active mineralocorticoids.
Desire for thinness among young Japanese women from the perspective of objective and subjective ideal body shape
Authors: Yasuda Tomohiro
Published: August 2023

I examined the actual situation of the desire to be thin among young Japanese women from the perspective of ideal body shape and actual measured body shape. In total, 90 young Japanese women were evaluated using a questionnaire (perceived body shape and desired body composition change) and assessments of sarcopenia (muscle strength, physical ability, and muscle mass). Participants were classified into the underweight (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m2, 74%), normal-weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2, 20%), or obese (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, 6%) groups. The normal-weight group needed to gain an average of 2.2 kg to reach the objective ideal weight, but participants desired to lose an average of 4.5 kg. The underweight group needed to gain an average of 10.3 kg to reach the objective ideal weight, but participants desired to maintain their current body weight. Data on muscle mass for the diagnosis of sarcopenia showed low values for the underweight group. Most participants were classified into the normal-weight and underweight groups, but these groups showed a high percentage of women with a desire to be thin. The body shape of young adult women should be carefully considered not only as a health issue of thinness during the fertile period but also as a countermeasure to sarcopenia (low skeletal muscle mass) during the aging process.
Chronodisruption of the acute inflammatory response by night lighting in rats
Authors: Jerigova Viera , Zeman Michal , Okuliarova Monika
Published: August 2023

Daily oscillations are present in many aspects of the immune system, including responsiveness to infections, allowing temporal alignment of defence mechanisms with the external environment. Our study addresses whether compromised circadian timing function by dim artificial light at night (ALAN) impacts the time dependency of the acute inflammatory response in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. After 2 weeks of exposure to low-intensity ALAN (~2 lx) or a standard light/dark cycle, male rats were challenged with LPS during either the day or the night. Dim ALAN attenuated the anorectic response when rats were stimulated during their early light phase. Next, ALAN suppressed daily variability in inflammatory changes in blood leukocyte numbers and increased the daytime sensitivity of neutrophils to the priming effects of LPS on oxidative burst. An altered renal inflammatory response in ALAN-exposed rats was manifested by stimulated T-cell infiltration into the kidney upon night-time LPS injection and the modified rhythmic response of genes involved in inflammatory pathways. Moreover, ALAN disturbed steady-state oscillations of the renal molecular clock and eliminated the inflammatory responsiveness of Rev-erbα. Altogether, dim ALAN impaired time-of-day-dependent sensitivity of inflammatory processes, pointing out a causal mechanism between light pollution and negative health effects.
Chlorfenapyr metabolism by mosquito P450s associated with pyrethroid resistance identifies potential activation markers
Authors: Yunta Cristina , Ooi Jocelyn M. F. , Oladepo Folasade , Grafanaki Sofia , Pergantis Spiros. A. , Tsakireli Dimitra , Ismail Hanafy M. , Paine Mark J. I.
Published: August 2023

Chlorfenapyr is a pro-insecticide increasingly used in combination with pyrethroids such as a-cypermethrin or deltamethrin in insecticide treated bednets (ITNs) to control malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquito populations. Chlorfenapyr requires P450 activation to produce tralopyril and other bioactive metabolites. Pyrethroid resistance is often associated with elevated levels of chemoprotective P450s with broad substrate specificity, which could influence chlorfenapyr activity. Here, we have investigated chlorfenapyr metabolism by a panel of eight P450s commonly associated with pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti, the major vectors of malaria and arboviruses. Chlorfenapyr was activated to tralopyril by An. gambiae CYP6P3, CYP9J5, CYP9K1 and Ae. aegypti, CYP9J32. The Kcat/KM value of 0.66 μM−1 min−1 for CYP9K1 was, 6.7 fold higher than CYP6P3 and CYP9J32 (both 0.1 μM−1 min−1) and 22-fold higher than CYP9J5 (0.03 μM−1 min−1). Further investigation of the effect of -cypermethrin equivalent to the ratios used with chlorfenapyr in bed nets (~ 1:2 molar ratio) resulted in a reduction in chlorfenapyr metabolism by CYP6P3 and CYP6K1 of 76.8% and 56.8% respectively. This research provides valuable insights into the metabolism of chlorfenapyr by mosquito P450s and highlights the need for continued investigation into effective vector control strategies.
Osteogenic induction of asiatic acid derivatives in human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Thamnium Sirikool , Laomeephol Chavee , Pavasant Prasit , Osathanon Thanaphum , Tabata Yasuhiko , Wang Chao , Luckanagul Jittima A.
Published: August 2023

Asiatic acid (AA) and asiaticoside, pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds derived from Centella asiatica, are known for their biological effects in promoting type I collagen synthesis and inducing osteogenesis of stem cells. However, their applications in regenerative medicine are limited due to their low potency and poor aqueous solubility. This work aimed to evaluate the osteogenic induction activity of AA derivatives in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro. Four compounds were synthesised, namely 501, 502, 503, and 506. AA was used as the control. The 502 exhibited low water solubility, while the 506 compound showed the highest. The cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that 503 caused significant deterioration in cell viability, while other derivatives showed no harmful effect on hPDLSCs. The dimethyl aminopropyl amine derivative of AA, compound 506, demonstrated a relatively high potency in inducing osteogenic differentiation. An elevated mRNA expression of osteogenic-related genes, BMP2, WNT3A, ALP, OSX and IBSP was observed with 506. Additionally, the expression of BMP-2 protein was enhanced with increasing dose of 506, and the effect was pronounced when the Erk signalling molecule was inhibited. The 506 derivative was proposed for the promotion of osteogenic differentiation in hPDLSCs by upregulating BMP2 via the Erk signalling pathway. The 506 molecule showed promise in bone tissue regeneration.
Metabolomic based approach to identify biomarkers of broccoli intake
Authors: McNamara Aoife E. , Yin Xiaofei , Collins Cassandra , Brennan Lorraine
Published: August 2023

The metabolomic-based approaches were applied to identify biomarkers of broccoli intake, which demonstrated a good dose–response relationship and indicated promising potential for predicting intake.
Wearable sensor platforms for real-time monitoring and early warning of metabolic disorders in humans
Authors: Ayyanu Ravikumar , Arul Amutha , Song Ninghui , Anand Babu Christus A. , Li Xuesong , Tamilselvan G. , Bu Yuanqing , Kavitha S. , Zhang Zhen , Liu Nan
Published: August 2023

This review focus on highlights the recent advances in wearable sensor toward continues and monitoring the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS).
Coupling MoS2 nanosheets with CeO2 for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution at large current densities
Authors: Li Rui-Qing , Wang Changming , Xie Shuixiang , Hang Tianyu , Wan Xiaoyu , Zeng Jinjue , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2023

An efficient catalyst was developed by coupling MoS2 nanosheets with CeO2 as a self-supported electrode, which displays outstanding HER activity and stability at a large current density of 500 mA cm−2.
Distinct dual enzyme-like activities of Fe–N–C single-atom nanozymes enable discriminative detection of cellular glutathione
Authors: Cai Chunqi , Zhu Chengyang , Lv Lingling , Huang Pengcheng , Mao Junjie , Wu Fang-Ying , Deng Ke-Yu
Published: August 2023

Discriminative detection of glutathione was readily achieved by amplifying the difference of dual enzyme-like activities of Fe–N–C single-atom nanozymes.
Cysteine-assisted overgrowth of gold nanorods to prepare highly branched gold nanoantennas with tunable morphological and plasmonic properties
Authors: Bi Cuixia , Wang Zhixiu , Zhao Hongyan , Liu Guangqiang
Published: August 2023

In this work, gold nanoantennas with high branching properties were prepared by cysteine-assisted overgrowth of gold nanorods (AuNRs).
ZnGeSe2 monolayer: water-splitting photocatalyst with ultrahigh solar conversion efficiency
Authors: Nan Guoting , Zhang Wei , Yan Xiaojun , Qin Xi , Wu Song , Tang Rufei , Tang Ming-Xia , Hu Lei , Liu Lili , Wang Shifa , Feng Yuming , Yi Wencai
Published: August 2023

The ZnGeSe2 monolayer exhibits excellent water-splitting photocatalyst performance due to high carrier separation efficiency, suitable band edges and high visible light absorption.
A TM polarization absorber based on a graphene–silver asymmetrical grating structure for near-infrared frequencies
Authors: Wang Wenxing , Li Yuchang , Chen Fang , Cheng Shubo , Yang Wenxing , Wang Boyun , Yi Zao
Published: August 2023

In this work, a wide-angle, easily tunable TM polarization multi-band absorber is achieved in a graphene–Ag asymmetrical grating structure.
The impact of film deposition and annealing on the nanostructure and dielectric constant of organic semiconductor thin films
Authors: Packman Lachlan , Mallo Neil , Raynor Aaron , Gao Mile , Babazadeh Mohammad , Jin Hui , Huang David M. , Burn Paul L. , Gentle Ian R. , Shaw Paul E.
Published: August 2023

Different processing conditions lead to a range of molecular packing motifs for films of a novel organic semiconductor, which enables tuning of the optical frequency dielectric constant.
Anharmonic phonon renormalization and thermoelectric properties of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I): first-principles calculations
Authors: Yao Ziang , Cao Wei , Wang Ziyu , Miao Ling , Shi Jing , Xiong Rui
Published: August 2023

Combined with self-consistent phonon theory, we have accurately reproduced the phonon dispersion and lattice thermal conductivities of cubic CsPbX3.
Palladium cluster complex [Pd13(μ4-C7H7)6]2+ (C7H7 = tropylium) with an fcc-close-packed cuboctahedral Pd13 core and isomers: theoretical insight into ligand-control of the Pd13 core structure
Authors: Zhu Bo , Murahashi Tetsuro , Sakaki Shigeyoshi
Published: August 2023

The fcc-cuboctahedral Pd13 complex is more stable than the hcp-anticuboctahedral and non-close packed icosahedral Pd13 complexes as the interaction energy between the Pd13 core and the (C7H7)6 ligand shell is larger in the former than in the latter.
Size-tunable energy gaps of hydrogen-terminated biphenylene segments
Authors: Lu Yirui , Yan Lei , Fu Huixia , Song Yuhui , Cao Yifei , Li Sen , Du Ruhai , Li Jinping , Fu Zhengkun , Zhang Zhenglong
Published: August 2023

The electronic properties of hydrogen-terminated biphenylene (BP) segments of different sizes on the sub-nanoscale are explored, and the energy gap is observed to follow a linear relationship with the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the segments.
Continuous-flow dehydrative amidation between carboxylic acids and amines using modified mixed metal oxides as solid acid catalysts
Authors: Ishitani Haruro , Takeno Kota , Sasaya Masahiro , Kobayashi Shū
Published: August 2023

High performance molybdenum (vi)-supported Zr–Sn mixed oxides were applied in continuous-flow dehydrative amidation between aliphatic carboxylic acids and amines. The desired amides were obtained in high yields with sufficient space–time-yields.
High accessibility to active sites of hierarchical nanocrystalline Zr-β zeolite in ethanol–acetaldehyde conversion to 1,3-butadiene
Authors: Jiang Haoxi , Yi Liping , Yang Guochao , Wang Lingtao
Published: August 2023

Hierarchiral β zeolites with abundant intercrystalline mesopores for improved accessibility to active sites via Silanization-based Crystallization.
Under pressure: offering fundamental insight into structural changes on ball milling battery materials
Authors: Driscoll Laura L. , Driscoll Elizabeth H. , Dong Bo , Sayed Farheen N. , Wilson Jacob N. , O’Keefe Christopher A. , Gardner Dominic J. , Grey Clare P. , Allan Phoebe K. , Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Slater Peter R.
Published: August 2023

The dynamic impacts from the ball mill process inducing a pressure phase change.
Electrochemical C3 acyloxylation reactions of 2H-indazoles with carboxylic acids via C(sp2)–O coupling
Authors: Liu Xin , Hu Yibin , She Yuanbin , Li Meichao , Shen Zhenlu
Published: August 2023

The electrochemical C3 acyloxylation reactions of 2H-indazoles with carboxylic acids in the presence of K2CO3 were successfully developed, which were green and sustainable without transition-metal catalysts and stoichiometric oxidants.
Full-electric microfluidic platform to capture, analyze and selectively release single cells
Authors: Van den Eeckhoudt Ruben , Christiaens An-Sofie , Ceyssens Frederik , Vangalis Vasileios , Verstrepen Kevin J. , Boon Nico , Tavernier Filip , Kraft Michael , Taurino Irene
Published: August 2023

Single-cell capture and analysis with full-electric microfluidic device.
Unique phosphine ligand synergy in asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene over the Rh@MOF-5 heterogeneous catalysis system
Authors: Ma Mengchuan , Zhang Chao , Li Weiping , Tao Yong , Zhou Li , Li Lu , Guo Zhenmei , Lv Zhiguo
Published: August 2023

For the heterogeneous reaction of asymmetric hydroformylation (AHF), a highly decentralized active Rh site played a key role in enhancing the yield of chiral isomeric aldehydes.
Modifier-free gold nanoparticle colorimetric sensing for detecting sulfanilamide in the presence of dopamine
Authors: Le Anh V. T. , Huynh Thanh-Truc , Truong Dong-Phuong , Nguyen Dinh-Trung , Dinh Van-Phuc , Cheng Shu-Hua
Published: August 2023

In this study, we have utilized a simple and sensitive colorimetric assay using unmodified gold nanoparticles to detect sulfanilamide in the presence of dopamine.
Ru(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of indolo[2,3-c]isoquinolines via [3+3] annulation of N,N′-cyclic azomethine ylides and 3-diazoindolin-2-imines
Authors: Valapil Durgesh Gurukkala , Mishra Priyanka , Jungare Kalyani , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: August 2023

An efficient [3+3] annulation strategy for the synthesis of fused α-carboline or indolo[2,3-c]isoquinoline frameworks from easily accessible N,N′-cyclic azomethine ylides and 3-diazoindolin-2-imines using an Ru(ii) catalyst has been established.
SNAP-tagging live cells via chelation-assisted copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Stone Daniel J. , Macias-Contreras Miguel , Crist Shaun M. , Bucag Christelle F. T. , Seo Gwimoon , Zhu Lei
Published: August 2023

The sequential biochemical (SNAP-tag) and chemical (chelation-assisted copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition) reactions are applied in membrane protein labeling on live cells. The second, chemical step is rapid (within 1 minute) without any ill-effect to the labeled cells.
Non-covalent dyes in microscale thermophoresis for studying RNA ligand interactions and modifications
Authors: Kallert Elisabeth , Behrendt Malte , Frey Ariane , Kersten Christian , Barthels Fabian
Published: August 2023

Time to shine a light on RNA: this protocol presents an innovative technique to study RNA using nucleic acid-sensitive dyes in MST.
A liquid metal-fluoropolymer artificial protective film enables robust lithium metal batteries at sub-zero temperatures
Authors: Li Hongbao , Hua Rong , Xu Yang , Ke Da , Yang Chenyu , Ma Quanwei , Zhang Longhai , Zhou Tengfei , Zhang Chaofeng
Published: August 2023

This study employs a hybrid protective film comprising gallium indium liquid metal and fluoropolymer on a lithium metal anode. The film exhibits potential for enhancing battery operation at sub-zero temperatures.
A double rigidity transition rules the fate of drying colloidal drops
Authors: Milani Matteo , Phou Ty , Ligoure Christian , Cipelletti Luca , Ramos Laurence
Published: August 2023

Time laps of a drop of nanoparticles suspension drying on top of a hydrophobic surface. A first regime with a homogeneous shrinkage is followed by a regime where an air bubble nucleates and grows. The pictures combine standard and speckle imaging.
Beyond the TCA cycle: new insights into mitochondrial calcium regulation of oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Lee Sandra H. , Duron Hannah E. , Chaudhuri Dipayan
Published: August 2023

While mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation is broadly regulated, the impact of mitochondrial Ca2+ on substrate flux under both physiological and pathological conditions is increasingly being recognized. Under physiologic conditions, mitochondrial Ca2+ enters through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and boosts ATP production. However, maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis is crucial as too little Ca2+ inhibits adaptation to stress and Ca2+ overload can trigger cell death. In this review, we discuss new insights obtained over the past several years expanding the relationship between mitochondrial Ca2+ and oxidative phosphorylation, with most data obtained from heart, liver, or skeletal muscle. Two new themes are emerging. First, beyond boosting ATP synthesis, Ca2+ appears to be a critical determinant of fuel substrate choice between glucose and fatty acids. Second, Ca2+ exerts local effects on the electron transport chain indirectly, not via traditional allosteric mechanisms. These depend critically on the transporters involved, such as the uniporter or the Na+–Ca2+ exchanger. Alteration of these new relationships during disease can be either compensatory or harmful and suggest that targeting mitochondrial Ca2+ may be of therapeutic benefit during diseases featuring impairments in oxidative phosphorylation.
Sentences Are Key: Helping School-Age Children and Adolescents Build Sentence Skills Needed for Real Language
Authors: Balthazar Catherine H. , Scott Cheryl M.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

In this article, we present key concepts pointing to the importance of targeting complex sentences for school-age children and adolescents with developmental language disorders (DLD). Drawing on current treatment research, we argue that the sentence is a crucial but often neglected piece of the puzzle when it comes to understanding relationships between DLD and academic outcomes. We provide detailed suggestions for how clinicians can focus on complex sentence structures in natural academic contexts to bridge this gap.

Method:

Background information on sentence complexity is presented, along with a rationale for targeting complex sentences with school-age children and adolescents with DLD. Intervention methods from a variety of studies targeting multiclausal sentences are discussed in relation to current accounts of language learning and language processing models. We provide a robust catalog of suggested strategies for targeting sentence complexity in a manner that is aligned with research findings to date and integrated into real academic contexts.

Conclusions:

Complex sentence structures are a key challenge for students with DLD as they tackle discipline-specific language and academic tasks. Sentence complexity treatment programs employ one or more treatment methods including priming, modeling, recasting, contextualization, metalinguistic instruction, and sentence combining. While studies have consistently shown a measurable improvement in complex sentence production on proximal outcomes regardless of treatment approach, evidence of durable, functional changes for students with DLD remains sparse. We encourage new treatments that target comprehension and production of complex sentences in real-life academic contexts in clinical practice and research.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23969103
Multiple satellite and ground clock sources‐based high‐precision time synchronization and lossless switching for distribution power system
Authors: Liu Pengju , Zhang Sunxun , Zhou Zhenyu , Lv Lei , Huang Lin , Liu Jiayu
Published: August 2023

Precise energy management in distribution power system requires high‐precision time synchronization among large‐scale deployed devices. Multiple clock sources‐based time synchronization possesses advantages of reliability, high precision, and robustness, but still faces several challenges such as coupling between time synchronization error and delay, as well as different timescales between clock source and clock weight optimization. In this paper, a multi‐clock source time synchronization model is constructed and a problem is formulated to minimize the synchronization error and delay through jointly optimizing large‐timescale clock source selection and small‐timescale weight selection. A reinforcement learning‐based multi‐timescale multi‐clock source time synchronization algorithm named RL‐M2 is proposed to solve the formulated problem from a learning perspective. Besides, a lossless switching method is proposed to address the switching problem for multiple clock sources. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of RL‐M2 and the lossless switching method in time synchronization delay and error.
Robust gradient‐based neural networks for solving online the discrete periodic Lyapunov matrix equations
Authors: Yin Chang , Zhang Ying
Published: August 2023

Here, a gradient‐based neural network (GNN) model is constructed for solving the discrete periodic Lyapunov matrix equation (DPLME) associated with discrete‐time linear periodic systems. In practical applications, the recurrent neural network model should not only converge rapidly, but also be able to tolerate noise. However, the influence of noise on GNN models was seldom considered in the past. In order to improve the convergence and robustness of the GNN model, a novel type of non‐linear activation function is applied to the GNN model. Compared with the traditional activation functions, the activation function used here makes the GNN model to achieve fixed‐time convergence. Besides, when disturbed by bounded noise, the unique positive definite solution of the DPLME can still be obtained by using the GNN model. Finally, simulation experiment is performed to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed GNN model.
A novel small‐signal detection method using divergence properties of second‐order linear differential equations
Authors: Yamakawa Soichiro , Ando Kota , Akai‐Kasaya Megumi , Asai Tetsuya
Published: August 2023

A novel small‐signal detection method that focuses on detection rather than measurement is proposed. It is particularly useful when a sensor is implanted within a living body. Unlike conventional methods, the proposed method detects signals by converting the input signal into a frequency change of an oscillator and monitoring the change in frequency. Its main advantage is the possibility of greatly reducing the circuit size and power consumption compared to conventional methods. To verify the proposed method, a simple implementation experiment using an actual device is performed. Consequently, pulse signals were successfully detected using the proposed method. It is believed that with appropriate implementation, the circuit can detect many types of signals. It is expected that the proposed method can facilitate the collection of small‐signal data and promote its analysis, thereby contributing to the development of various fields.
Time-resolved transmission spectroscopy of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189 b
Authors: Prinoth B. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Pelletier S. , Kitzmann D. , Morris B. M. , Seifahrt A. , Kasper D. , Korhonen H. H. , Burheim M. , Bean J. L. , Benneke B. , Borsato N. W. , Brady M. , Grimm S. L. , Luque R. , Stürmer J. , Thorsbro B.
Published: August 2023

Ultra-hot Jupiters are tidally locked with their host stars, dividing their atmospheres into a hot dayside and a colder nightside. As the planet moves through transit, different regions of the atmosphere rotate into view, revealing different chemical regimes. Highresolution spectrographs can observe asymmetries and velocity shifts and offer the possibility for time-resolved spectroscopy. The ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189 b has recently been found to possess a rich transmission spectrum with evidence for atmospheric dynamics and chemical inhomogeneity. In this study, we search for other atoms and molecules in the planet’s transmission spectrum and investigate asymmetric signals. We analysed and combined eight transits of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189 b collected with the HARPS, HARPS-N, ESPRESSO, and MAROON-X high-resolution spectrographs. Using the cross-correlation technique, we searched for neutral and ionised atoms as well as oxides, and we compared the obtained signals to model predictions. We report significant detections for H, Na, Mg, Ca, Ca+, Ti, Ti+, TiO, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Fe+, Ni, Sr, Sr+, and Ba+. Of these, Sr, Sr+, and Ba+ are detected for the first time in the transmission spectrum of WASP-189 b. In addition, we robustly confirm the detection of titanium oxide based on observations with HARPS and HARPS-N using the follow-up observations performed with MAROON-X and ESPRESSO. By fitting the orbital traces of the detected species by means of time-resolved spectroscopy using a Bayesian framework, we inferred posterior distributions for orbital parameters as well as line shapes. Our results indicate that different species must originate from different regions of the atmosphere to be able to explain the observed time dependence of the signals. Throughout the course of the transit, most signal strengths are expected to increase due to the larger atmospheric scale height at the hotter trailing terminator. For some species, however, we instead observed that the signals weaken, either due to the ionisation of atoms and their ions or the dissociation of molecules on the dayside.