bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing technical skill in ankle fracture surgery from the postoperative radiograph
Authors: James Hannah K. , Griffin James , Pattison Giles T. R.
Published: June 2022

Aims

To identify a core outcome set of postoperative radiographic measurements to assess technical skill in ankle fracture open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), and to validate these against Van der Vleuten’s criteria for effective assessment.

Methods

An e-Delphi exercise was undertaken at a major trauma centre (n = 39) to identify relevant parameters. Feasibility was tested by two authors. Reliability and validity was tested using postoperative radiographs of ankle fracture operations performed by trainees enrolled in an educational trial (IRCTN 20431944). To determine construct validity, trainees were divided into novice (performed < ten cases at baseline) and intermediate groups (performed ≥ ten cases at baseline). To assess concurrent validity, the procedure-based assessment (PBA) was considered the gold standard. The inter-rater and intrarater reliability was tested using a randomly selected subset of 25 cases.

Results

Overall, 235 ankle ORIFs were performed by 24 postgraduate year three to five trainees during ten months at nine NHS hospitals in England, UK. Overall, 42 PBAs were completed. The e-Delphi panel identified five ‘final product analysis’ parameters and defined acceptability thresholds: medial clear space (MCS); medial malleolar displacement (MMD); lateral malleolar displacement (LMD); tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) (all in mm); and talocrural angle (TCA) in degrees. Face validity, content validity, and feasibility were excellent. PBA global rating scale scores in this population showed excellent construct validity as continuous (p < 0.001) and categorical (p = 0.001) variables. Concurrent validity of all metrics was poor against PBA score. Intrarater reliability was substantial for all parameters (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.8), and inter-rater reliability was substantial for LMD, MMD, TCA, and moderate (ICC 0.61 to 0.80) for MCS and TFCS. Assessment was time efficient compared to PBA.

Conclusion

Assessment of technical skill in ankle fracture surgery using the first postoperative radiograph satisfies the tested Van der Vleuten’s utility criteria for effective assessment. 'Final product analysis' assessment may be useful to assess skill transfer in the simulation-based research setting. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(6):502–509.
Yo creo que El Greco se está 'hasiendo' la 'vistima'. Transmedia y 'Storytelling' en el TikTok del Museo del Prado
Authors: Martín Sanz Álvaro
Published: June 2022

Objetivos: el artículo busca analizar la estrategia empleada por el Museo del Prado para llegar a nuevos públicos a través de su perfil de TikTok.
 Metodología: se propone una doble metodología: por un lado, cuantitativa, basada en la técnica de análisis de redes sociales (ARS) para medir relaciones y flujos en las relaciones y en las métricas de usuarios y redes sociales, y por otro lado, cualitativa, basada en un análisis de contenido de los distintos vídeos que el Museo del Prado ha subido a su perfil de TikTok.
 Resultados: como resultado del análisis cuantitativo descubrimos cómo el perfil de TikTok del Museo del Prado es uno de los principales perfiles de museos del mundo, con varios vídeos virales y cientos de miles de interacciones. A su vez, el análisis cualitativo nos muestra una serie de características compartidas por los vídeos del perfil que pueden sintetizarse en tres parámetros: contenido pedagógico, tono informal y estampas reconocibles por el público. Finalmente, se desvela que el perfil de TikTok sigue la estrategia de visibilizar lo oculto que está presente en las exposiciones del museo.
Coherent waveguide laser arrays in semiconductor quantum well membranes
Authors: Woods Jonathan R. C. , Gorecki Jon , Bek Roman , Richardson Stephen C. , Daykin Jake , Hooper Grace , Branagan-Harris Emelia , Tropper Anne C. , Wilkinson James S. , Jetter Michael , Michler Peter , Apostolopoulos Vasilis
Published: June 2022

Coherent laser arrays compatible with silicon photonics are demonstrated in a waveguide geometry in epitaxially grown semiconductor membrane quantum well lasers transferred on substrates of silicon carbide and oxidised silicon; we record lasing thresholds as low as 60 mW of pump power. We study the emission of single lasers and arrays of lasers in the sub-mm range. We are able to create waveguide laser arrays with modal widths of approximately 5 − 10 µm separated by 10 − 20 µm, using real and reciprocal space imaging we study their emission characteristics and find that they maintain their mutual coherence while operating on either single or multiple longitudinal modes per lasing cavity.
Effects of common litter types and their physicochemical properties on the welfare of broilers
Authors: Boussaada Tarek , Lakhdari Kaouthar , Benatallah Salha Amira , Meradi Samira
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: In broiler production, the poor quality litter not only may lead to a deterioration of the welfare status but also negatively affect carcass quality, overall health and growth performance, which may result in economic losses. The effects of litter types on the welfare of broilers are known but the effects of their characteristics have been little studied. This study aimed to evaluate correlations between welfare parameters of broilers and physicochemical characteristics of five common litter types.

Materials and Methods: Over 42 days, 600 (Cobb 700) male broiler chicks were placed within 30 pens (each 2 m2) at a density of 10 birds/m2. The experiment included five treatments with six replicates per treatment. The following litter (or bedding) materials were examined: Standard quality straw, low-quality straw, wood shavings (WS), sawdust, and crop residues. Footpad condition, hock burns, and plumage cleanliness, as well as litter condition, were scored according to previously developed point scale systems. Litter quality was evaluated according to pH level, moisture, water-holding capacity, and ammonia content.

Results: No significant differences were found among litter types in terms of pH, moisture content, or ammonia levels. WS had a significant positive effect on footpad health and plumage cleanliness. However, hock burn was not affected by different bedding types. The severity of pododermatitis was negatively correlated with litter type (r = –0.78; p < 0.001) and positively correlated with the litter scores (r = 0.67; p < 0.001). However, contact dermatitis observed (pododermatitis and hock burn) was not correlated with any of the physicochemical parameters we studied. Meanwhile, we observed a correlation between footpad lesions and hock burn (r = 0.45; p < 0.05), and between footpad lesions and plumage cleanliness (r = 0.59; p < 0.01).

Conclusion: For all litter types examined, contact dermatitis was not correlated with any of the physicochemical components we studied. There were, however, significant correlations between litter type and footpad lesions, as well as between footpad dermatitis and hock burns.
PREVALENCE OF COVID-19 IN FLOOD RELIEF CENTRE, JOHOR
Authors: vallasamy suriya kumareswaran , muhadi umairah , sathaisivam jeyanthini
Published: June 2022

People all over the world have been dealing with the effects of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since the beginning of 2020. At the same time, many parts of the world have been hit by a dual, interconnected hazard: severe flooding and a pandemic. Several areas in Johor have experienced flash floods. As a result, flood relief centres have been established in the affected areas to house flood victims. Because of the large number of flood victims in flood relief centres, there is a risk of COVID-19 infection spreading among flood evacuees and staff. This study focused on flood incident in Johor. A cross sectional study was conducted in Johor Flood Relief centres with the secondary data source from E notification and COVID-19-line listing of Johor from 1
st January to 16
th January 2022. Descriptive analysis was used. A total of 90 evacuation centres were opened during the flood disaster. A total of 1531 flood victims were screened for COVID-19 and RTK antigen tests were done. Number of asymptomatic victims was 711(46%) while 820(54%) victims were symptomatic. A total of 6 (0.45 %) patients were identified positive. Few issues were identified during audit in several evacuation centres. There were no proper ventilation (no LEV, no open windows), no distribution of face masks to victims, and no health assessments were conducted on daily basis. In conclusion, COVID-19 preventive measures in all evacuation centres need to be practiced and given attention by all occupants and agencies in-charge within management and welfare of victims
Implementation of RPAS in Vegetation Monitoring and Analysis
Authors:   , Raeva Paulina Lyubenova
Published: June 2022

This doctoral thesis deals with evaluating infrared aerial sensors mounted on remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS). The advent of the use of RPAS in agriculture stems from the necessity of rapid food production of high-quality due to the quickly-growing world population. Infrared photogrammetric mapping using RPAS is not as straightforward as classical mapping, which is why this dissertation explores several research goals in order to establish a workflow of how to process low resolution infrared image data. Another goal investigated here is automating the process of computation when working with multitemporal data. This dissertation contains several experiments concerning the radiometric calibration of the data and the sun’s influence on images. It also suggests field and empirical methods for evaluating thermal outputs. The contributions of the work are intended to enrich knowledge in the geodetic and photogrammetric communities and to assist farm managers. As such, a program for automatic vegetation indices was created in the Python open-source programming language as part of this doctoral research project. This program can be used with open-source QGIS software. Furthermore, two procedures for vignetting elimination are suggested in the form of a Python program as well.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of the original rituximab and its biosimilar in routine clinical practice
Authors: Kusevich D. A. , Olyunin Yu. A. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: June 2022

Currently, a biosimilar (BS) of rituximab (RTM) Acellbia® is widely used in Russia for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, a systematic study of this drug in routine clinical practice has not been conducted.Objective: to compare the results of the use of RTM BS (Acellbia®) and the original rituximab (oRTM) in the daily clinical practice of a large rheumatology center.Patients and methods. The study involved 127 patients predominantly with seropositive RA, who were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 included 66 bionaive patients with active RA and ineffectiveness of previous therapy. 31 patients of the 1st group received 2 infusions of oRTM at a dose of 500 mg intravenously (IV) 2 weeks apart; 35 patients of the 2nd group – 2 infusions of RTM BS at a dose of 500 mg IV 2 weeks apart. Groups 3 and 4 included 61 patients who had previously received oRTM therapy. These patients received 4 courses of oRTM treatment on average before being included in the study. 30 patients of the 3rd group continued oRTM therapy: they received 2 infusions at a dose of 500 mg IV 2 weeks apart; 31 patients of the 4th group received 2 infusions of RTM BS at a dose of 500 mg IV 2 weeks apart.Results and discussion. During the observation period, the dynamics of the main indicators of RA activity in the 1st and 2nd groups did not differ significantly. Although the indication for rehospitalization was an exacerbation of the disease, 64.5% of patients in the 1st and 77.1% of patients in the 2nd group, preserved a 20% improvement according to the ACR criteria on re-examination. The condition of patients of the 3rd and 4th groups remained generally stable during the observation period. The change in the DAS28 index in most cases was clinically insignificant. There were no significant differences in the dynamics of inflammatory activity among patients who continued oRTM treatment and who received RTM BS.Conclusion. The results of the study show that both the prescription of RTM to bionaive RA patients and repeated courses of treatment with RTM BS and oRTM are comparable in terms of efficacy and tolerability.
Development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis during long-term methotrexate therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: description of two clinical cases
Authors: Reem Diab , Dadras Mohammad Shahidi , Azadeh Rakhshan , Ali Kaddah , Fahimeh Abdollahimajd , Hamideh Moravvej
Published: June 2022

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a small vessel vasculitis characterized by immune complex depositions involving dermal post-capillary venules. Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis is most often idiopathic but may be aggravated by secondary causes, such as inflammatory conditions, infections, neoplasms, and drugs exposure.Herein, we describe two patients with a long history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with methotrexate (MTX) for more than ten years, who later developed generalized LCV with pancytopenia after a viral infection, one with herpes simplex virus, and the other with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Because of the worldwide use of MTX in treatment of RA, strict follow-up and preventive measures are needed nowadays, especially during COVID-19 pandemic, in order to avoid any infection which may provoke LCV with or without systemic manifestations. So, using MTX for treating RA or other similar disorders may be considered a double-edged sword, especially during COVID-19 pandemic.
Blockchain in Capital Markets: A Revolution of the Trading System in Stock Exchange
Authors: Wardhani Dian Kusuma , Sawarjuwono Tjiptohadi , Budisusetyo Sasongko
Published: June 2022

This study aims to explore the benefits of implementing blockchain technology as a basis for stock trading in Indonesia to improve the corporate governance of issuers. Two main factors that trigger the emergence of agency problems in corporate gov-ernance in traditional stock exchanges are differences in interests between principals and agents and the complexity of the investment chain. This research is a documen-tary research where the researchers search for references in the form of previous research using the keyword â€œblockchainâ€ in the â€œpublishâ€ or â€œperishâ€ application. Next, the researchers organize, make a written summary, and interpret the findings obtained based on the the researchersâ€™ thoughtd. Based on the interpretation of pre-vious research, compared to traditional stock trading systems, blockchain technology has several advantages, such as high information transparency, improved stock liquidity, high monitoring by various parties, and the availability of information in real-time, thereby creating better corporate governance. The implementation of blockchain technology can reduce information asymmetry in the relationship between principal and agent, which in turn can improve the quality of corporate governance due to transparency, accountability, and high trust between all parties involved in this blockchain technology network.
La crédulité des crédules. Débat public et panique morale autour des fake news en France
Authors: Vauchez Ysé
Published: June 2022

Depuis son apparition au début de l’année 2017, le terme de « fake news » suscite une production relativement constante de discours publics, politiques ou médiatiques à son propos. Leur abondance, ainsi que leur nature parfois alarmiste ou catastrophiste, conduit certains à employer l’expression de « panique morale », ou de « panique médiatique », afin de qualifier ce moment d’inquiétude collective concernant la désinformation en ligne et ses conséquences négatives sur les comportements individuels. Cet article vise donc à interroger et explorer cette application du concept de panique morale à la « crise des fake news », à travers l’analyse de corpus des émissions audiovisuelles qui portent sur ce phénomène en France entre 2017 et 2019. Celle-ci revient sur les espaces médiatiques de diffusion, les positions des invités des émissions, et les cadrages thématiques qui y sont développés : définition du phénomène, causes et responsables, conséquences sur les publics. Cette analyse permet ainsi de saisir comment cette séquence médiatique particulière a contribué à façonner le champ des possibles d’une action publique de lutte contre les fake news.
Socialism in The Haqqa Movement
Authors:   Department of History, Faculty of Education, Koya University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Mohammed Qaraman N.
Published: June 2022

Haqqa Movement is a religious Sufism movement which was established in the first quarter of the 20th century by Sheikh Abdul-Karimi Shadala. Originally, this movement belongs to Naqshabandi order but with some notable modification. These modifications include collective work, defending farmers, working very hard and freedom for women. Therefore, this movement is seen as a natural socialism which does not have any philosophical background of socialism. The research shows that leftism developed rapidly among this group, though Haqqa followers preserved their tradition but they distanced from their religious rituals. This created a lot of obstacles for them in confrontation with feudals and Iraqi state officials. The research shows that the Haqqa movement was seen as a religious tendency, but they haven’t departed from nationalism by taking part in political activities, especially approaching the leftist parties and working among them. After the death of Abdulkarimi Shadala، Haqqa has divided into certain groups; the notable ones are Hamasurians and Mamarazaians which were very close to socialists and they acted differently from the groups of their time that is why we can appreciate their deeds and should be investigated scientifically.
Enterprise Governance of IT Audit Using DSS & MEA COBIT 2019 (Case Study: Faculty of Engineering UNDIP)
Authors: Windasari Ike Pertiwi , Yonanta Monanzarifa Yonanta , Himawati Ratna Yuli , Rochim Adian Fatchur
Published: June 2022

Information technology is required by the Faculty of Engineering UNDIP to support the achievement of faculty goals. This faculty has implemented and relied on information technology for administrative processes, teaching, and learning activities although in performing its business processes since 2004. The problem found was the practices of information technology have been expected by the Faculty of Engineering UNDIP, or not yet. Therefore, research on the governance of IT audit is necessary to know which management objectives are important, the current capability level, comparison of IT governance conditions in 2014, which management objectives have been achieved, and provide some recommendations. This research method uses the COBIT 2019 on two parameters of the DSS and MEA. Based on the results of the research, the current capability level of the Faculty of Engineering according to the DSS and MEA domain of COBIT 2019 is at level 1 (performed) with an average value of 36%. The Faculty of Engineering has decreased level, but the goal has been more or less achieved through the practices of a set of incomplete/disorganized activities.
Empowering or Responsibilising?
Authors: Couceiro Louise
Published: June 2022

This article contributes to the limited body of work attending to girlhood in children’s nonfiction, with specific focus on collective biographies about women published since 2016. In recent years, children’s nonfiction books about women have proliferated rapidly in the United Kingdom and beyond. This proliferation has coincided with an intensification of academic and public interest in young people’s engagement with feminist ideas, where female empowerment is often marketed as a commodity. The biographies often present narratives of “empowered” women, and the implication of their framing is that readers will consume the texts and be inspired to achieve empowerment as well. Such discourses of empowerment are conducive to neoliberal subjectivities, where the self is regarded as autonomous, self-reliant, and responsible. This article offers a critical content analysis of Elena Favilli and Francesca Cavallo’s Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls: 100 Tales of Extraordinary Women (2016), Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls 2 (2017), and three of Kate Pankhurst’s Fantastically Great Women books (2016–2020). My analysis is framed by poststructuralist feminist theories and popular feminism as theorised by Sarah Banet-Weiser. I suggest that, despite the important and admirable intentions underlying their publication, the overarching discourses of girlhood that these texts present are problematic. Specifically, whilst female representation is important, there are undertones that render women and girls individually responsible for themselves, especially for their aspirations and successes. As readers are inspired to take responsibility for their lives, other factors that produce and maintain their unequal status in the first place are eschewed.
B. J. Epstein & Elizabeth L. Chapman (red.), International LGBTQ+ Literature for Children and Young Adults
Authors: Almqvist Louise
Published: June 2022

Review/Recension
Malin Alkestrand, Mothers and Murderers: Adults’ Oppression of Children and Adolescents in Young Adult Dystopian Literature
Authors: Gregersdotter Katarina
Published: June 2022

Review/Recension
Alleviative effects of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the physiological toxicity of 3-nitrophenol to rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings
Authors: Sainao Wangqing , Shi Zhenzhen , Pang Hailong , Feng Hanqing
Published: June 2022

In the present study, we explored whether magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs-Fe3O4) can be used to alleviate the toxicity of 3-nitrophenol (3-NP) to rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings grown under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that 3-NP from 7 to 560 μM decreased the growth, photochemical activity of the photosystem II (PS II), and chlorophyll content of the seedlings in a concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of 3-NP, 2,000 mg L−1 MNPs-Fe3O4 were added to the growth medium as the absorbents of 3-NP and then were separated with a magnet. The emergence of MNPs-Fe3O4 effectively alleviated the negative effects of 3-NP on rice seedlings. In addition, the long-term presence of MNPs-Fe3O4 (from 100 to 2,000 mg L−1) in the growth medium enhanced the growth, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activities of antioxidant enzymes, photochemical activity of PS II, and chlorophyll content of the rice seedlings. These results suggest that MNPs-Fe3O4 could be used as potential additives to relieve the physiological toxicity of 3-NP to rice seedlings.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Tatera indica Hardwicke 1807 (Rodentia: Muridae) from Pothwar, Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Amber , Kayani Amjad Rashid , Nadeem Muhammad Sajid , Mushtaq Muhammad , Beg Mirza Azhar
Published: June 2022

Genus Tatera is comprised of 12 species, but only one species, Tatera indica, exists in Asia. T. indica is considered an agricultural pest and host of a few zoonotic diseases. However, the data on morphological characteristics are published, but the aspect of molecular characterization is lacking to confirm the status of subspecies in most of the Asian countries including Pakistan. Therefore, the present study is the first study on morphological and molecular characterization of T. indica to get a phylogenetic relationship with the population of T. indica in Pakistan. Almost all the morphometric, cranial, and dental values of T. indica were lower in the present study as compared to the specimen from Iran, Syria, and Turkey. The molecular analysis indicated the presence of sub-species of T. indica. Interestingly, the cytochrome b gene sequence showed more resemblance to the Iranian rat than the previously reported sequence of a Pakistani T. indica. Iran shares a border with Pakistan, and migration between the two countries could be a possible reason. The resembling morphometric data on Iranian rats also explain this phenomenon. The present study found, although minor, evidence of the presence of sub-species even within Pakistan. Unfortunately, the previously submitted sequence from Pakistan was not supplemented with morphometric data and the exact capturing site of the rat. Therefore, further molecular and morphometric data from other regions are required to confirm the presence of sub-species.
Experimental investigations on transmission of whole body vibration to the wheelchair user's body
Authors: Chwalik-Pilszyk Gabriela , Ziemianski Daniel , Kozien Marek S.
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of research on the influence of whole body vibrations (WBVs) on a person moving in a wheelchair. The tests were carried out using an electrohydraulic shaker for a kinematic harmonic excitation with a constant amplitude and frequencies, respectively, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Hz. The accelerations caused by vibrations were measured with three-axis accelerometers at three measuring points: on the seat, chest, and head of the examined person. The research included frequency and statistical analyses of vibrations. The analyses were focused on the course of the transition functions over frequency. The range of the disabled person’s exposure to the negative factor which is WBVs was assessed.
Who Are Leaners? How True Independents Differ from the Weakest Partisans and Why It Matters
Authors: Klar Samara , Krupnikov Yanna , Ryan John Barry
Published: June 2022

Independents who lean toward a party constitute a plurality of Americans. Despite their reluctance to identify as partisans, scholars find that “leaners” look much like partisans with respect to their voting behavior, civic engagement, and policy preferences. Yet, existing literature does not consider the possibility that different factors lead Democrats and Republicans to opt for an independent label. We consider heterogeneity in what leads people to report that they are “leaners” and we identify important partisan differences. By introducing a novel survey measure administered on a large adult sample, we identify both the motivation for, and consequence of, identifying as a leaner. Our results reveal that modern-day Republican leaners are largely motivated by a dissatisfaction with their own party. They are ideologically more moderate and are subsequently less willing to support their party’s candidate. Democratic leaners, on the other hand, appear satisfied with their party’s ideology and candidates, but nevertheless value an independent label. Our work suggests that partisan identification is both expressive and politically contextual. Our study provides an important step in identifying distinct motivations and electoral consequences within this large and growing segment of Americans.
Improved Implementation of Material Behaviour Change due to Bake Hardening in the Simulation of the Process Chain
Authors: Hofmann M. , Oeckerath A. , Wallmersperger T. , Wolf K.
Published: June 2022

The steadily increasing demands on the crash safety of automobiles with simultaneous weight reduction also mean higher requirements for crash simulation. In addition to manufacturability, the focus in component dimensioning is increasingly on crash properties. In order to improve the predictive accuracy of crash simulation, the individual process steps must be coupled in the simulations. To increase the quality of the predictions, thermal treatments such as curing of the paint, which normally takes place at 170 °C for around 20 minutes, should also be taken into account. In many steels, the so-called bake-hardening effect occurs. This leads to an increase in the yield stress. In this publication, different transformation approaches for the hardening curves will be investigated in order to increase the prediction accuracy in the process chain. An example is used to demonstrate their easy applicability in the simulation of the process chain.
Variation of the Compound Layer Structure by Controlled Gas Nitriding and Nitrocarburizing
Authors: Sommer M. , Epp J. , Steinbacher M. , Fechte-Heinen R. , Hoja S.
Published: June 2022

In order to enhance the load capacity, gears can be nitrided. The diffusion zone, measurable by the nitriding hardness depth, is considered to be the parameter governing for the high load-bearing capacity of nitrided gears. The wear behavior of gears is mainly determined by the characteristics (phase, porosity and chemical composition) of the compound layer but the influence of the compound layer on the load carrying capacity is not known yet. In this work, nitriding treatments for gears were developed with the aim to create compound layers with varying thickness, composition and properties in order to ensure a maximum load carrying capacity for nitrided gears.
Value of ultrasonography parameters in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Gyliene Augustina , Straksyte Vestina , Zaboriene Inga
Published: June 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age associated with hyperandrogenism, oligo-amenorrhea, and infertility. Symptoms and their severity vary among the individuals. If the manifestation is mild, PCOS may remain undiagnosed. In more severe cases, it results in a spectrum of symptoms of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. The diagnosis is established after a physical examination and evaluating the patient’s hormonal profile. In addition to these required methods, ultrasonographic assessment of the patient’s ovaries is another non-invasive, cheap, and time-saving tool, making the examination more profound and leading to the correct diagnosis. Specific ultrasonographic parameters are used to tell the healthy and polycystic ovaries apart: the ovarian volume (OV), ovarian follicle count, follicle distribution pattern, ovarian stromal echogenicity, and the resistance and pulsatility indices assessed using the Doppler function. This review evaluated the selected articles and ascertained the ultrasonographic parameters that accurately predict PCOS. This systematic review showed that the most valuable ultrasonographic parameters in diagnosing PCOS are the OV and follicle number per ovary.
Multi-moded high-index contrast optical waveguide for super-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy
Authors: Jayakumar Nikhil , Dullo Firehun T. , Dubey Vishesh , Ahmad Azeem , Ströhl Florian , Cauzzo Jennifer , Guerreiro Eduarda Mazagao , Snir Omri , Skalko-Basnet Natasa , Agarwal Krishna , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh
Published: June 2022

The article elucidates the physical mechanism behind the generation of superior-contrast and high-resolution label-free images using an optical waveguide. Imaging is realized by employing a high index contrast multi-moded waveguide as a partially coherent light source. The modes provide near-field illumination of unlabeled samples, thereby repositioning the higher spatial frequencies of the sample into the far-field. These modes coherently scatter off the sample with different phases and are engineered to have random spatial distributions within the integration time of the camera. This mitigates the coherent speckle noise and enhances the contrast (2–10) × as opposed to other imaging techniques. Besides, the coherent scattering of the different modes gives rise to fluctuations in intensity. The technique demonstrated here is named chip-based Evanescent Light Scattering (cELS). The concepts introduced through this work are described mathematically and the high-contrast image generation process using a multi-moded waveguide as the light source is explained. The article then explores the feasibility of utilizing fluctuations in the captured images along with fluorescence-based techniques, like intensity-fluctuation algorithms, to mitigate poor-contrast and diffraction-limited resolution in the coherent imaging regime. Furthermore, a straight waveguide is demonstrated to have limited angular diversity between its multiple modes and therefore, for isotropic sample illumination, a multiple-arms waveguide geometry is used. The concepts introduced are validated experimentally via high-contrast label-free imaging of weakly scattering nanosized specimens such as extra-cellular vesicles (EVs), liposomes, nanobeads and biological cells such as fixed and live HeLa cells.
Steering coherence in quantum dots by carriers injection via tunneling
Authors: Khanonkin Igor , Bauer Sven , Eyal Ori , Reithmaier Johann Peter , Eisenstein Gadi
Published: June 2022

Coherent control is a key experimental technique for quantum optics and quantum information processing. We demonstrate a new degree of freedom in coherent control of semiconductor quantum dot (QD) ensembles operating at room temperature using the tunneling injection (TI) processes in which charge carriers tunnel directly from a quantum well reservoir to QD confined states. The TI scheme was originally proposed and implemented to improve QD lasers and optical amplifiers, by providing a direct injection path of cold carriers thereby eliminating the hot carrier injection problem which enhances gain nonlinearity. The impact of the TI processes on the coherent time of the QDs was never considered, however. We show here that since the cold carriers that tunnel to the oscillating QD state are incoherent, the rate of injection determines the coherent time of the QDs thereby controlling coherent light–matter interactions. Coherent interactions by means of Rabi oscillations were demonstrated in absorption and for weak excitation pulses in the gain regime. However, Rabi oscillations are totally diminished under strong excitation pulses which increase the rate of stimulated emission, causing the tunneling processes to dominate what shortens the coherence time significantly. Since the tunneling rate, and hence, the coherence time, were controlled by the optical excitation and electrical bias, our finding paves the way for TI-based coherence switching on a sub-picosecond time scale in room-temperature semiconductor nanometric structures.
Apparent nutrient utilization and metabolic growth rate of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, cultured in recirculating aquaculture and biofloc systems
Authors: Amin Muhamad , Agustono Agustono , Ali Muhamad , Prayugo Prayugo , Hum Nurul Nadiah Mohd Firdaus
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and biofloc systems (BFS) have been considered eco-friendly aquaculture technologies in the last few decades. However, which system performs better has become a common question for fish farmers. Thus, this study aimed to compare the performances of the two aquaculture systems in culturing Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, larvae.

Materials and methods

The experiment was conducted by culturing 3-day post-hatching (dph) tilapia larvae in either the RAS or BFS for 43 days. At the end of the culture period, apparent net protein utilization (NPUa), apparent fat utilization (NFUa) and apparent net energy utilization (NEUa), metabolic growth rate (GRmet) of Nile tilapia, and water quality were compared using analysis of variance.

Results

The result showed, in general, that RAS performed better than BFS. NPUa and NEUa were significantly higher in Nile tilapia cultured in RAS than that of BFS, p < 0.05. While NFUa was not significantly different, p > 0.05. GRmet of tilapia cultured in BFS was higher in the first week but showed to be the same during the second week to the fourth week. At the end of the culture period (43 days), the GRmet of tilapia cultured in RAS was significantly higher than those of fish raised in the BFS. Other results showed that water quality parameters, including total ammonia nitrogen (TAN-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2–N), were lower in RAS than in BFS during the culture periods. While urea and CO2 were significantly higher in the rearing water of BFS than that of RAS, p < 0.05.

Conclusion

The RAS had better performance than the BFS in culturing tilapia larvae.
Quality prediction and control of thin-walled shell injection molding based on GWO-PSO, ACO-BP, and NSGA-II
Authors: Wang Dezhao , Fan Xiying , Guo Yonghuan , Lu Xiangning , Wang Changjing , Ding Wenjie
Published: June 2022

ECG recorders are precision medical devices, but their thin-walled shells are susceptible to warpage and shrinkage during injection molding production due to the injection molding process, which greatly shortens their service life. To address this problem, a multiobjective optimization method for injection molding process parameters based on a combination of a BP neural network model optimized by an ant colony algorithm (ACO-BP) and an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed. The study takes the warpage deformation amount and volume shrinkage rate of the plastic part as the optimization objectives, and the melt temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure, holding pressure, holding time, and cooling time as the design variables. However, for BP neural networks, it is crucial to choose an appropriate number of hidden layer neurons, so the particle swarm algorithm combined with the grey wolf algorithm (GWO-PSO) is used to solve for the optimal number of hidden layer neurons. Firstly, the number of hidden layer neurons of the BP network model was solved based on the samples obtained from the Box–Behnken experimental design and the GWO-PSO algorithm, and the ACO-BP algorithm was used to build the prediction models for warpage and volume shrinkage, respectively, and then combined with NSGA-II for global optimisation. The pareto optimal solution set was subjected to CRITIC analysis and the optimal process parameters were finally obtained, with a minimum warpage of 0.3293 mm and minimum volume shrinkage of 4.993%, a reduction of 8.93 and 6.95% respectively compared to the pre-optimisation period. At the same time, injection molding tests were carried out on the optimum process parameters, and it was found that the molding quality of the plastic parts was better and met the actual production requirements through measurement. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for further improving the quality defects of the thin-walled injection molded parts.
The effect of toxic air pollutants on fertility men and women, fetus and birth rate
Authors: Margiana Ria , Yousefi Homayon , Afra Arghavan , Agustinus Agustinus , Abdelbasset Walid Kamal , Kuznetsova Mariya , Mansourimoghadam Sara , Ajam Ekrami Hafez , Mohammadi Mohammad Javad
Published: June 2022

Human health is affected by various factors such as air pollutants. Exposure to toxic air pollutants is impaired fertility in men and women. The purpose of this review study was investigation of the effect of toxic air pollutants on fertility and birth rate. Databases used to for searched were the PubMed, Web of Science, Springer and Science Direct (Scopus) and Google Scholar. Identify all relevant studies published 1999–2022. In this study, according to databases five hundred articles were retrieved. 33 studies were screened after review and 19 full-text articles entered into the analysis process. Finally, 11 articles were selected in this study. The literature signs a notable health effects from toxic air pollutants and increase risk of infertility in men and women and having a variety of reproductive system cancers such as prostate, bladder, ovary, kidney and uterus. According to the finding toxic air pollutants can increase the risk infertility in men and women, incidence of cancers of reproductive system and decrease the birth rate. Activities that play an important role in reducing the health effects of toxic air pollutants such as infertility in men and women and reducing the population rate of communities are improving the quality of fuel used in the home, car, industries, changing production processes in large industries, installing catalysts to reduce emissions in cars, use more public transportation, plant trees and increase green space per capita, increase public awareness about various effects of toxic air pollutants and protective measures.
Shame-Proneness Uniquely Predicts Social Evaluative Symptoms: Considering the Sociometer Theory of Shame
Authors: Carpenter Thomas , Stebbins Oxana , Fraga Kylie , Erickson Thane M.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Whereas the act-person model of shame emphasizes negative self-appraisals, the sociometer theory roots shame in real or imagined social evaluation. If so, shame might increase vulnerability to psychosocial stressors and manifest in social anxiety specifically. We investigated how shame-proneness predicted concurrent symptoms and responses to daily interpersonal stressors. Method: A total of 159 participants (including those meeting anxiety/depression criteria in clinical interviews; n = 58) completed baseline measures of shame- and guilt-proneness, trait negative affect (NA), and social anxiety, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, followed by stressor diaries for 5 weeks (1,923 diaries). Results: Even with NA and guilt-proneness controlled, shame-proneness uniquely predicted concurrent social anxiety and prospectively predicted experiencing social evaluation. Unique links to depression and nonspecific anxiety and worry were less consistent. Discussion: Specificity in shame-social evaluation links supported sociometer theory, Results have implications both for shame theory and clinical practice with shame-prone individuals.
Some Attempted Strategies towards the Control of Avian Coccidiosis: A Review
Authors: Davou Kaze Paul , Lawal Idris , Joseph Ajanusi , Lawal Saidu
Published: June 2022

his paper focuses on anticoccidial drugs and resistance, poultry management, alternatives for anticoccidial drugs including dietary modulation, natural additives and herbs comprising of botanicals to coccidia. The paper also viewed at the treatment programme for coccidiosis control as well as its potential implications in meat tissue to man. Keywords: Anticoccidial drugs; Avian Coccidiosis; Coccidiostats
Body Regulating Mechanisms in Health and Disease - Hormonal Imbalance and Mental Diseases
Authors: Kuman Maria
Published: June 2022

Why is it so important to know the body regulating mechanisms? When the regulating mechanisms are shifted out of balance expect a disease. Usually stress creates delays (because the body needs to stop what it was doing at the moment and mobilize for response to the stressor). These delays destroy the harmony of biorhythms [1], which means stress disturbs the body regulating mechanisms. This results in a chronic disease of the genetically inherited weak organ or cancer. ‘Chronic’ means ‘slow’. It takes a lot of stress accumulation to shift the regulating mechanism out of balance. When the Humoral Immune System (HIS) is weak, stress results in chronic disease.
The Prevalence of Bovine and Ovine Fasciolosis and the Associated Economic Loss Due to Liver Condemnation in and around Debire Birhan, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Yonas , wondmnew Fentahun , Tarekegn Yeshiwas
Published: June 2022

CA cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2013 up to March 2014 to assess the prevalence, risk factors and direct economic loss of bovine and ovine fasciolosis in and around Debire Birhan, a town of North shoa Amhara Regional state. In the present study coprology, postmortem examination, questionnaire survey and an abattoir retrospective data were retrieved and analyzed. Seven Kebeles were purposively selected for coprological examination by considering the number of cattle and sheep population of the area and proximity to parasitological laboratories. Coprological examination of fecal samples randomly collected from 300 cattle and 280 sheep revealed an overall prevalence of 62.3% in cattle and 60.7% in sheep whereas 450 (300 cattle and 150 sheep) animals were randomly selected from Debire Birhan Municipal Abattoir for post mortem examination and revealed a total prevalence of 58.6% and 56.0% in cattle and sheep, respectively. This study shows that risk factors such as locality, species and age didn’t show significant effect on the prevalence of infections in both cattle and sheep (P>0.05). However, season, sex, and body condition revealed significant difference (P< 0.05) as higher degree of infections were detected in Autumn, female and in poor body conditioned, respectively. Species identification revealed that F. hepatica was highly abundant (43.8%) as compared to Fasciola gigantica (10.2%) in cattle. Likewise sheep livers also harbored F. hepatica (44.0%) and F.gigantica (15.5%). Certain proportion of mixed and unidentified immature fluke infection also common in both species. The economic loss incurred due to condemned liver as a result of bovine and ovine fasciolosis was estimated to be 59,387ETB (2969USD) per annum. In conclusion, fasciolosis was proved to be widely distributed disease with higher prevalence and great impact on the economy. Therefore integrated vector and parasite control approaches should be involved so as to reduce the snail burn and infection rate. Key words: Abattoir, Bovine, Ovine, Coprology, Economic significance, Fasciolosis, Prevalence. Debire Birhan.
Investigation on Development Barriers of Electronic Insurance in Iranian Insurance Companies Case Study (Insurance Companies in Mazandaran Province)
Authors: Mahdinia Majid
Published: June 2022

Electronic insurances are from important phenomenon that used from information and communication technology and also are from information management that has depth evolution in the way of selling insurance and delivering of damages, through from side increasing the communication with insurer and with another side make the domain of virtual selling and buying of some insurance widely. In this research we pay attention to barriers of electronic insurance and getting some alternatives for expanding and developing electronic insurance in Iran insurance company at mazandaran state and investigating the effect of natural and behavioral barrier of environmental organization as independent variable to undeveloped electronically insurance as dependent variable with operating statistical analysis on collecting data and the result has shown with t-test that independent variable has effective significant on dependent variable and the factors with using of Friedman test has classified from their importance of organization nature of environment and behavioral are from the most important barrier of expanding electronic insurance. Key words: electronic trade, electronic insurance, information technology.
Effect of Treasury Single Account (Tsa) on Deposit Money Banks’ Liquidity Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Muraina Saheed Adekunle
Published: June 2022

This paper investigated effect of Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) Deposit Withdrawals into the Treasury Single Account (TSA) on Deposit Money Banks’ liquidity performance in Nigeria. Secondary data were obtained from [7] Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin covering pre and post implementation years (2012 to 2017). The dependent variable was represented by Deposit Money banks’ liquidity ratiowhile the independent variable was represented by Federal Government Deposits at the Deposit Money Banks. The study used correlational research design to determine the effect of TSA on Deposit Money Banks’ liquidity in the country. Also, the study employed Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) technique of data analysis. It was then found that Federal Government Deposit (FGD) had a positive and significant effect on the Deposit Money Banks’ liquidity position in the Pre-TSA Era whereas Federal Government Deposit (FGD) had a negative and significant effect on the Deposit Money Banks’ liquidity performance in the Post-TSA Era. It was therefore recommended that the Nigerian Government should consider the hybrid TSA model as a way of boosting the Deposit Money Banks (dmbs) liquidity position. It was then suggested that further researchers could widen the scope by including factors such as GDP, Exchange Rate, Inflation Rate excluded in this study. Key Words: Treasury Single Account (Tsa), Feasible Generalized Least Square (Fgls), Liquidity