bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Adding Molasses in Different Times on Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Raised in a Low-Salinity Biofloc System
Authors: Khanjani Mohammad Hossein , Alizadeh Morteza , Mohammadi Mohammad , Aliabad Habib Sarsangi
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding molasses in different times on water quality, growth performance, body biochemical composition, digestive and hepatic enzymes of Nile tilapia in the biofloc system. Tilapia fingerlings (1.53 ± 0.14 g) were distributed in five treatments including control, BFT24 (adding molasses to the tanks every 24 h), BFT48 (48 h), BFT72 (72 h), and BFT96 (96 h) and reared for 37 days in fiberglass tanks (130 L), with a stocking density of one fish per litre. The results showed that highest increases in biomass (740.12 g) and survival (98.97%) were obtained in BFT24 treatment (P<0.05). The body composition was affected by the experimental treatments so that the highest protein content was obtained in the BFT72 (P<0.05). Digestive enzymes activities were significantly (P<0.05) higher in BFT treatments than the control group. The current study showed higher biomass and survival ratio for Nile tilapia were observed in BFT24 treatment. The liver and digestive enzymes of Nile tilapia were affected by the different addition times of molasses to the rearing tanks.
Do We Still Need a Laboratory to Study Advanced Oxidation Processes? A Review of the Modelling of Radical Reactions used for Water Treatment
Authors: Wacławek Stanisław
Published: April 2021

Environmental pollution due to humankind’s often irresponsible actions has become a serious concern in the last few decades. Numerous contaminants are anthropogenically produced and are being transformed in ecological systems, which creates pollutants with unknown chemical properties and toxicity. Such chemical pathways are usually examined in the laboratory, where hours are often needed to perform proper kinetic experiments and analytical procedures. Due to increased computing power, it becomes easier to use quantum chemistry computation approaches (QCC) for predicting reaction pathways, kinetics, and regioselectivity. This review paper presents QCC for describing the oxidative degradation of contaminants by advanced oxidation processes (AOP, i.e., techniques utilizing •OH for degradation of pollutants). Regioselectivity was discussed based on the Acid Blue 129 compound. Moreover, the forecasting of the mechanism of hydroxyl radical reaction with organic pollutants and the techniques of prediction of degradation kinetics was discussed. The reactions of •OH in various aqueous systems (explicit and implicit solvation) with water matrix constituents were reviewed. For example, possible singlet oxygen formation routes in the AOP systems were proposed. Furthermore, quantum chemical computation was shown to be an excellent tool for solving the controversies present in the field of environmental chemistry, such as the Fenton reaction debate [main species were determined to be: •OH < pH = 2.2 < oxoiron(IV)]. An ongoing discussion on such processes concerning similar reactions, e.g., associated with sulphate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOP), could, in the future, be enriched by similar means. It can be concluded that, with the rapid growth of computational power, QCC can replace most of the experimental investigations related to the pollutant’s remediation in the future; at the same time, experiments could be pushed aside for quality assessment only.
An Empirical Study on System Dynamics Model for Sustainable Development of Air Traffic Control Units
Authors: Chen Fang , Chen Xi , Zhang Xinjian
Published: April 2021

With the rapid growth of flight volume, the contradiction between insufficient support capability of air traffic control (ATC) units and large demand for development ultimately hinders their sustainable and safe development. The article aims at the leverage point of the contradiction between supply and demand so as to provide scientific safety policies. Based on the system archetype “growth and underinvestment”, from the perspective of the feedback relationships between support capability, safety, and development, the causality of the dynamic factors of control, communication, navigation, and surveillance, as well as meteorology and information subsystems was studied. Then, a system dynamics model for the sustainable and safe development of ATC units was established. Taking the Tianjin ATC sub-bureau as an example, policy suggestions for sustainable and safe development were put forward according to the scenario simulation results.
Sensitivity of quinoa cv. ‘Titicaca’ to low salinity conditions
Authors: Rodríguez-Hernández María del Carmen , Morcillo Luna , Garmendia Idoia
Published: April 2021

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will.) is an annual herbaceous Andean plant. In recent years there is a growing interest on it due to its high quality as food, its wide adaptation to agroecological conditions and resistance to different abiotic stresses. In this work, we evaluate the growth pattern of quinoa plants cv. ‘Titicaca’, subjected to different levels of salinity, focusing on leaf production and nutrient content. In this sense, the results have shown that a high concentration of salinity negatively affects the growth of quinoa plants. In fact, plants grown with 200 mM NaCl reduced the photosynthetic rate and levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids in comparison with the rest of the treatments. Likewise, it has been proven how the progressive increase in salinity has negative effects on transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, with significant subsequent reductions in shoot biomass, leaf area and nutrient adquisition, but without a decline in leaf dry weight (DW) production. However, the treatment of 200 mM NaCl demonstrated the best results regarding the water-use efficiency, as well as the number of saline glands. According to our results, the quinoa plant cv. ‘Titicaca’ seems to be tolerant to moderate concentrations of salinity (50–100 mM NaCl). This study could serve as a reference on this little known and cultivated species in the Mediterranean region, since it could become an alternative crop in areas with moderate salinity problems.
Increased Caspase-3 Immunoexpression and Morphology Alterations in Oenocytes and Trophocytes of Apis mellifera Larvae Induced by Toxic Secretion of Epormenis cestri
Authors: Viotti María H. , Juri Pablo , Lombide Paula , Presentado María L. , Verdes José M. , Nogueira Enrique , Invernizzi Ciro , Pedrana Graciela
Published: April 2021

Toxic honeydew produced by Flatidae Epormenis cestri in Uruguay has been shown to cause among honeybees (Apis mellifera) colonies a massive larva death called “River disease”, but the intrinsic mechanisms are still unknown. Because fat body cells, oenocytes and trophocytes, are known to regulated larvae metabolism, and to be affected by xenobiotics, we tested whether apoptosis of these cells can be an underlying cause of larvae death. Ten colonies were divided into two groups and fed with common honey or toxic honeydew obtained from colonies affected by “River disease”. Five-dayold larvae were collected and processed for histology and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3. The area, diameter, and immunostaining area in oenocytes and trophocytes were measured. The oenocyte and trophocyte cellular area decreased in the treated group (p=0.002; p<0.001 respectively) compared to the control group. The diameter of oenocytes (p=0.0002) and trophocytes (p<0.0001) decreased in the treated group. Caspase-3 was detected in cytoplasm in the control group but in the cytoplasm and nucleus in the treated group. The caspase-3 immunostaining area increased in oenocytes (p<0.002) and trophocytes (p<0.0001) of the treated group. The ingestion of toxic honeydew altered the morphology, localization and immunoexpression of caspase-3 in fat body cells, which suggests that the deregulation of the apoptotic mechanism affected the normal development in A. mellifera larvae.
Environmental contamination of free-range hen with dioxin
Authors: Mikołajczyk Szczepan , Pajurek Marek , Warenik-Bany Małgorzata , Maszewski Sebastian
Published: April 2021

Introduction

The transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from a contaminated environment into the food chain is a serious consumer safety problem. As part of the Polish National Surveillance Program of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in food of animal origin, a concentration of PCDD/Fs of 4.61 ± 0.75 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat was determined in a sample of free-range eggs, which exceeded the permitted limit of 2.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g. The aim of the study was to investigate the source of the egg contamination and the risk for the eggs’ consumers.

Materials and methods

Eggs, muscles, feed and soil from the place where backyard waste burning had been carried out in the past and ash from a household stove tipped onto the paddock were analysed using the isotope dilution technique with high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Results

The concentration in ash was low at 0.20 pg WHO-TEQ/g and the congener profile did not indicate the source of contamination. The dioxin content in soil from the backyard waste-burning site was 2.53 pg WHO-TEQ/g dry matter (d.m.) and the soil’s profile of PCDD/F congeners matched the profile of the contaminated eggs.

Conclusion

By reason of the congener profile similarity, the investigation concluded, that the cause of the contamination was the backyard waste-burning site soil which the animals had access to. Frequent consumption of contaminated eggs from the analysed farm could pose a health risk due to chronic exposure, especially for vulnerable consumers.
Dismissing class
Authors: Cotal San Martin Vladimir
Published: April 2021

Neoliberal globalisation has expanded transnational corporations’ (TNCs) boundaries of operation and sphere of exploitation, particularly in the Global South where much of the production of traditional TNC manufacturing now occurs. In this article, using a longitudinal approach, I conduct a detailed critical discourse analysis of a large Swedish press corpus reporting on TNC activities in Global South countries. The analysis suggests that the issue of workers’ conditions is made relevant to the Swedish public through a “consumer framework” that not only confers proximity and relevance on the topic, but also effectively recontextualises agency and responsibility towards particular or individual social actors, obscuring the class dimension of labour relations and global production. Moreover, rooted in a highly problematic colonial imagery, exploitation in the Global South is seen as a “cultural problem” of “them” rather than a problem related to the social and spatial relations of global capitalism.
Interpolations of class, “race”, and politics
Authors: Mylonas Yiannis , Noutsou Matina
Published: April 2021

This article focuses on the ways in which the Danish liberal mainstream press covered events related to the so-called Greek crisis. In particular, we examine the coverage of the different Greek national elections that took place during the Greek crisis years (2010–2019) by Jyllands-Posten (JP), a popular Danish daily newspaper. Qualitative content analysis is deployed to study a corpus of 70 news and editorial articles published by JP on the aforementioned topic. Our analysis highlights the existence of three main interrelated themes in JP's constructions of the Greek elections: a moralist, a culturalist, and a technocratic/anti-leftist theme. These themes are theorised through the use of relevant theory on class cultures and politics today.
Investigations of a journalistic blind spot
Authors: Figenschou Tine Ustad , Eide Elisabeth , Einervoll Nilsen Ruth
Published: April 2021

Recent studies argue that the contemporary working class has largely disappeared from the news media. Another strand of literature demonstrates that the traditional labour beat has lost newsroom prestige due to changes in the established news media and crisis in the labour movement. Analysing how traditional working-class sectors are covered in mainstream newspapers and trade union magazines over time, we conduct a systematic, quantitative content analysis of 18 months of coverage from 1996–2017. We find a steady decline in media coverage throughout the period, indicating that the labour beat as an established specialisation is disappearing. Studying topical emphasis and source practices demonstrates marked differences between the newspapers and the trade union magazines: The mainstream newspapers are elite- and conflict-oriented (although not hostile in their coverage), while the trade union magazines largely reflect power structures and the interests of the labour movement. In the discussion, the main findings from the content analysis are explained by practitioners, to contextualise and provide insider perspectives on the findings.
All in a day's work
Authors: Iantorno Michael , Blamey Courtney , Dwyer Lyne , Consalvo Mia
Published: April 2021

Class depictions in videogames are prevalent, yet understudied. In this article, we analyse how the working class – particularly working-class men – have been depicted in videogames over the past 30 years. In doing so, we bring together a class- and gender-based analysis to study how narratives, representations, gameplay, and game systems construct the “working-class hero” as a central protagonist. This is done by examining eight paired examples of videogames that feature working-class characters in central roles, including janitor, fire-fighter, taxi driver, and bartender. Our analysis finds that some roles are glorified (such as firefighters), positioning their protagonists in direct conflict with white-collar settings and antagonists. However, many other roles task players with “doing their job” in the face of repetitive (and sometimes outlandish) working conditions. Through these examples, we document the portrayal of working-class videogame heroes, noting how videogames can both reinforce and subvert common media tropes.
The space of media usage in Finland, 2007 and 2018
Authors: Purhonen Semi , Leguina Adrian , Heikkilä Riie
Published: April 2021

In Nordic countries and beyond, there exists a lack of longitudinal, population-level research focused on sociopolitical polarisation and the proliferation of new online activities in the context of changing media usage. In this article, we examine media usage in Finland in 2007 and 2018. We use two nationally representative surveys (N = 1,388 in 2007 and N = 1,425 in 2018) to make comparisons over time and include a wide set of media usage indicators. Applying multiple correspondence analysis, we assess the impact of the proliferation of online activities on the structure of the space of media usage and examine whether the association between media usage and sociopolitical divisions has become more sharply pronounced. The results suggest stability of the structure of media use rather than dramatic change. We discuss these results by reflecting on the relatively strong persistence of “traditional” models of stratification in digital cultural consumption and media practices.
Improved understanding of Sodium hydroxide concentration role and kinetic model of cryolite reactive extraction in cathode Spent Pot Linings
Authors: Tropenauer Blaž , Klinar Dušan , Golob Janvit
Published: April 2021

Spent Pot Lining (SPL) cathode pot, waste from the aluminium smelting process needs detoxification from cyanides, washing out water-soluble salts and extraction of the cryolite (Na3AlF6) decomposition products to be recycled. Revealed cryolite decomposition mechanism with NaOH opens possibilities to explore its critical role in the reactive extraction process. Common Na+ ion from NaOH hinders the solubility of the product but also drives mass transfer to the reaction site. Reaction mass balance provides adequate liquid to solid ratio (L/S) and NaOH concentration range. A newly developed kinetic model based on Whitman film theory and NaOH mass flow enables prediction of the reaction time to decompose cryolite to a low enough level. Results show that the internal particle resistance to transport (1/ks) is 19 times larger than the external (1/kl) one and governs the whole process.
The Role of Carotid Stenosis in a Prediction of Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jordanova Savetka Paljoskovska , Kedev Sasko , Spirova Danica Petkoska , Stojanovska Lily , Bosevski Marijan
Published: April 2021

Aims: The aim of this paper is to indicate if carotid stenosis is predictive for the prognosis of coronary artery disease.

Method and materials: Our study is a prospective cohort study. 1031 patients with proven coronary artery disease (CAD) were recruited consecutively. Carotid ultrasound was used to assess IMT, plaque, or stenosis. They were followed for 24 months for adverse cardiovascular events. Selected demographic date such as smoking history, dyslipidemia, hypertension, laboratory values, and clinical data (associated diseases and risk) were collected from each patient. Total cardiovascular events and mortality rate were followed up for the study population. The results were collected prospectively and retrospectively. The study was organized as a clinical, cross-sectional study and comparative study.

From the data collected with the clinical research, a file was formed in the statistical program with the help of which the data were statistically analyzed.

From the methods of descriptive statistics, absolute frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, median, measures of variability, minimum, maximum, standard deviation and logistic regression models were used.

Result: Of the total number of patients 1026 had arterial hypertension (HTA). Data on hyperlipidemia (HLP) had been reported in 895 patients. 1.023 patients had peripheral artery disease (PAB). 1031 patients were presented with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). There were 1,029 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), while 1,013 patients had coronary artery by-pass (CABG), and 1,012 had stroke (CVI). Elevated systolic blood pressure was reported in 966 patients. 184 patients had elevated triglycerides and 187 had elevated cholesterol. 1,008 patients have had a history of myocardial infarction. Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) has been found in 1,009 patients, increased body mass index (BMI) in 270 patients.

1.031 patients were followed for 24 months. Cardiovascular events were reported in 54 patients (or 5.2%). Revascularization was performed in 28 (4.1%) patients, while 12 (1.8%) of patients died. Diabetes mellitus (OR 1.878 95% CI 0.491 7.184) and Carotid stenosis (OR 2.185 95% CI 0.731 6.53) were found to be predictive factors for future cardiovascular events.

Conclusion: Due to our results carotid ultrasound may be a useful tool for risk stratification of coronary artery disease pts.
Recurrent Severe Hepatitis of Autoimmune Origin
Authors: Krstevski Gregor , Ivanova Viktorija Caloska , Andreevski Vladimir , Serafimovski Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The autoimmune liver disease constituent conditions include autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and IgG-4 associated cholangitis. They remain a diagnostic challenge to the practicing physician due to their close resemblance in clinical course, and laboratory and imaging findings to the vast array of other etiologies of liver injury. We report a case of recurrent severe hepatitis of autoimmune origin in a female patient. The disease course was marked by initial onset at age 39, followed by nearly four years of remission, and a second flare with a more exaggerated severity. Systemic lupus erythematosus was initially deemed as the culprit, however formal diagnostic criteria were not fulfilled and the serological findings were not reproduced at a later date. With the aim of ascertaining the underlying process, the patient underwent an extensive array of testing with regards to infectious, genetic, systemic and autoimmune disease. Positive anti-dsDNA (double stranded DNA) and an antinuclear antibody titer of 1:160 provided the strongest support for an autoimmune etiology, specifically autoimmune hepatitis or possibly an overlap syndrome. An excellent outcome was achieved via treatment with corticosteroids, ursodeoxycholic acid and plasmapheresis.
Brachial Plexus Injuries – Review of the Anatomy and the Treatment Options
Authors: Pejkova Sofija , Filipce Venko , Peev Igor , Nikolovska Bisera , Jovanoski Tomislav , Georgieva Gordana , Srbov Blagoja
Published: April 2021

Brachial plexus injuries are still challenging for every surgeon taking part in treating patients with BPI. Injuries of the brachial plexus can be divided into injuries of the upper trunk, extended upper trunk, injuries of the lower trunk and swinging hand where all of the roots are involved in this type of the injury. Brachial plexus can be divided in five anatomical sections from its roots to its terminal branches: roots, trunks, division, cords and terminal branches. Brachial plexus ends up as five terminal branches, responsible for upper limb innervation, musculocutaneous, median nerve, axillary nerve, radial and ulnar nerve. According to the findings from the preoperative investigation combined with clinically found functional deficit, the type of BPI will be confirmed and that is going to determine which surgical procedure, from variety of them (neurolysis, nerve graft, neurotization, arthrodesis, tendon transfer, free muscle transfer, bionic reconstruction) is appropriate for treating the patient.
Platlet-Rich Plasma – Review of Literature
Authors: Nikolovska Bisera , Miladinova Daniela , Pejkova Sofija , Trajkova Andrijana , Georgieva Gordana , Jovanoski Tomislav , Jovanovska Katerina
Published: April 2021

Wound healing is a dynamic and physiological process for restoring the normal architecture and functionality of damaged tissue. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous whole blood product that contains a large number of platelets in a small volume of plasma with complete set of coagulation factors, which are in physiological concentrations. PRP has haemostatic, adhesive properties and acts supraphysiologically in the process of wound healing and osteogenesis. Platelets play a very important role in the wound healing process by providing growth factors that enhance the rate and quality of wound healing by many different mechanisms. The aim of this review is to describe: the biology of platelets and their role in the wound healing process, the terminology of platelet rich products, PRP preparation, activation and concentration of PRP, as well as the use of PRP in plastic surgery.
Endolymphatic Sac Surgery And Posterior Semicircular Canal Fenestration For Meniere’s Disease
Authors: Filipche Ilija S. , Chakar Marina Davcheva , Filipche Venko , Javari Sijavash
Published: April 2021

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of the simultaneous endolymphatic sac drainage (ELSD) and posterior semicircular canal fenestration (PSCF) primary on the vestibular function as an new therapeutic strategy in the patients with medically refractory Meniere’s disease (MD).

Study Design: retrospective follow-up study.

Setting: University Clinic of Otolaryngology.

Methods: Twenty-six patients with MD with severe vertigo and disability who underwent ELSD and PSCF in the same time in the period of 1988 and 2007 were reviewed. The main outcome measures were frequency of vertigo, functional disability according the guidelines for diagnosis and evaluation of therapy in MD. The canal paresis was evaluated by caloric test. The degree of reduced vestibular response rates as an indicators of the vestibular function were compared before and after surgery.

Results: The preoperative audition was already altered in all cases except in 8 patients who had no significant changes in hearing threshold. The mean value of vertigo attacks before operation was 8.6. After 3 years of surgery only one patient (3.8%) had one vertigo attack. Functional level was highly ameliorated except in two patients who presented functional level 2 or B in the late postoperative period. The mean caloric testing duration after 3 years postoperatively showed that the 50% of the patients approaching the normal results.

Conclusion: Based on the results of simultaneous endolymphatic sac surgery and posterior canal fenestration, they are effective methods for treatment of the refractory Meniere’s disease. Endolymphatic sac surgery enables drainage of endolymphatic fluid and the fenestration of the posterior semicircular canal enables the distension or dilatation of the membranous canal in the decompressed perilymphatic space across the perilymphatic leak at the level of the new fenestra, and, so, appearing of certain decrease of the endolymphatic pressure. Both techniques at the same time decrease the pressure in the case of the endolymphatic hydrops.
International Conference: “Renal Aspects of Disaster Relief”, Ohrid, R. Macedonia, May 24–26, 1996
Authors: Polenakovic Momir H.
Published: April 2021

The International Conference Renal Aspects of Disaster Relief, Ohrid, R. Macedonia, May 24–26, 1996 united doctors and engineers in order to better build settlements, and in case of an earthquake, how to help the injured.

Plans have been proposed for the treatment of the injured with fluid and dialysis, as well as how to organize the non-governmental organizations and the population to assist the medical staff in optimizing the treatment of the injured.

Members of the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force of the International Society of Nephrology and the European Renal Best Practice were tasked with preparing guidelines for medical staff and the population to address earthquake injuries.
Ultra-Wideband Pulse Radar with Discrete Stroboscopic Receiver for Detection of Small Targets Behind Dielectric Obstacles
Authors: Aristov Vladimir , Gaigals Gatis , Supols Gatis , Lobanovs Eduards , Riekstins Vents , Zujs Voldis
Published: April 2021

Increasing requirements in the field of security, in particular in the transport sector, the rescue work, the inviolability of private property and others urged to research work in the field of radar monitoring people, vehicles or other objects in the environment that not allow make so using the most popular and available technology for production and analysis of video images. These conditions of poor visibility, or even lack thereof, are darkness, bad weather, smoke, dust, wall (roof) buildings and the vehicle body. Existing instruments and special equipment occupy a certain niche in this area, mainly for counter-terrorism operations. However, such equipment is not readily available and extremely high price. In the paper presented research is development of the group’s existing radar technology in the field of location through opaque obstacles.
A repartição constitucional de competências federativas em matéria de saúde em tempos de covid-19: cada um por si e todos contra o vírus
Authors: Souza Heron Abdon
Published: April 2021

A Constituição de 1988 estabelece uma repartição de competências em matéria de saúde entre os entes federativos que orientou a edição de atos normativos federais, estaduais e municipais no enfrentamento dos efeitos das diversas matizes da crise provocada pela pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2). O presente artigo busca analisar a diversidade desse arcabouço jurídico e sua repercussão na sociedade e no Poder Judiciário.
Burdur yöresinde bir sağmal süt sığırı (simental) işletmesinde gözlenen ayak hastalıklarının incelenmesi
Authors: ŞENGÖZ ŞİRİN Özlem , ÖNÜR Ayşegül , ŞAVKLIYILDIZ Furkan
Published: April 2021

Çalışmada Burdur ilinin Kemer ilçesinde sağmal bir işletmede bulunan Simental ırkı sığırların ayak hastalıklarının belirlenmesi ve lezyonlu ayakların tedavi edilmesi, koruyucu önlemlerin alınması ve efektif sürü sağlığının sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma materyali olarak rutin tırnak kesimi yapılan 281 adet, Simental ırk, farklı yaş ve ağırlıktaki sığırlar kullanıldı. İncelenen olgularda 7 hayvanda sadece tırnak deformitesi, 104 vakada ayak hastalığı görülürken 165 olguda da tırnak deformitesi ile birlikte ayak hastalığı saptandı. 221 adet deformasyon tespit edildi; olguların 78’i yayvan ve geniş tırnak, 65’i düzenli uzamış tırnak, 49’u tirbuşon tırnak, 16’sı makas tırnak, 12’si küt tırnak, 1’i gaga tırnak olarak saptandı. Ayak hastalığı gözlenen 269 sığırda toplam 578 adet lezyon tespit edildi. Belirlenen lezyonların 195 adedi subklinik laminitis, 198 adedi beyaz çizgi hastalığı, 125 adedi çift taban oluşumu, 31 adedi tırnak çatlağı, 12 adedi yabancı cisim, 5 adedi ince taban oluşumu, 3 adedi taban ucu ülseri, 2 adedi interdigital dermatitis, 2 adedi taban ülseri, 1 adedi digital dermatitis, 1 adedi ökçe erozyonu, 1 adedi ökçe ülseri, 1 adedi ökçeden tırnak ayrılması ve 1 adedi podoartritis purulenta oluşturdu.
SISTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN TERHADAP KINERJA UMKM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ariyati Izza , Agustina Farida , Miliani T Gebrylia
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini mengulas tentang Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan terhadap Kinerja UMKM di Indonesia. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap kinerja UMKM di Indonesia yang dimana UMKM merupakan sector penunjang bagi perekonomian Indonesia berdasarkan semua penelitian yang ada dan relevan dengan topik bahasan. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi terkait pentingnya literasi keuangan bagi para pelaku UMKM agar mampu mengambil keputusan yang berkaitan dengan masalah keuangan, sehingga akan berdampak pada penguatan kinerja UMKM. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Study Literature Review atau tinjauan pustaka sistematis. Metode Study Literature Review merupakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan yang dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan serta mengevaluasi penelitian pada topik tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UMKM yang memiliki literasi keuangan yang baik akan mampu membuat strategi yang solutif dan terarah dengan baik untuk kedepannya.
Developing a Mathematical Model of Foot and Mouth Disease
Authors: Delorme Mike
Published: April 2021

The outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the UK during 2001 resulted in the death of over 6 million animals and an economic loss of approximately $14 billion. Understanding the dynamics of the disease is important for preventing or managing future outbreaks. Several susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) models were formed and examined as a result of work completed during the PIMS Mathematical Biology Summer 2007 Workshop at the University of Alberta. The model development starts with the most basic disease dynamics and goes to include the effects of vaccination and patterns generated by early disease detection. This presentation will also include a brief discussion of herd immunity and Canadian disease management policy
Discovery-driven Science: a New Model for Cell Motility
Authors: Sieh Eleasa
Published: April 2021

Movement is an essential characteristic of life. On the cellular level, it is powered by many different classes of motor proteins. Kinesins are one class of linear molecular motor proteins, which move on cytoskeletal tracks called microtubules. Conventional kinesins are dimeric molecules composed of several domains, including a motor domain which has a catalytic core that binds to a nucleotide (ATP or ADP). The nucleotide-bound state of kinesin during the motile cycle affects its neck position, a determinant of its direction of movement, and microtubule affinity. There are two types of motor protein movement: processive, in which the motor steps progressively along the cytoskeletal track without detaching, and nonprocessive, in which the motor detaches from the track after a single power stroke. Conventional kinesins move processively due to the dimerization of the two motor heads. The two heads are kept out of phase due to communication between the heads. Kar3, the kinesin of interest in this project, moves non-processively and is the only C-terminal motor protein found in budding yeast. Its functional form is a heterodimer with one of two non-catalytic polypeptides, Cik1 and Vik1. This project showcases Vik1 as the key to a novel model for motility due to the surprising discovery that the Vik1:microtubule interaction is influenced by the nucleotide-binding state of Kar3. There must be communication between Kar3 and Vik1 to cause Vik1’s release from the microtubule, as well as to allow the progression of microtubule-binding and, thus, movement along the microtubule.
"The Written World” - Conceptions of the origins, properties and uses of literature
Authors: Beenarzi Alex
Published: April 2021

Inspired by such imaginative works as Alan Lightmans Einstein’s Dreams and Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities, “The Written World” is a series of descriptive vignettes paying homage to literature itself. In an office in an ambiguous high school, an English teacher with hopeful dreams of becoming a published author tries to escape the mundane life of staying late to mark essays before returning home to an empty apartment. He reminisces about the once promising days of his university undergrad years and his mind wanders to a conversation he had in an English class one year about the different meanings of literature: the different ways in which to look at literature and the different metaphors that surround literature. “In a moment’s lapse of inspiration” (“The Written World”) the teacher writes at the top of a page: “Conceptions of the Origins, Properties and Uses of Literature” and begins to record his short vignettes. “The Written World” presents literature in many different styles. From the metaphorical tale of a pregnant woman giving birth to a book, to the dark story of a literary orphanage where the city’s discarded and unwanted literature is kept. From the absurd tale of literature being the only chew toy suitable for dogs to the romantic story of a young man who finds and loses love through literature. Behind the text lies such ideas as “what does it mean to be an author?” “Why do we read?” “Why do we discuss literature with others?” and “What inspires one to write?”20
Student Talent Enrichment Program
Authors: Nix Don , Francis Trevor , Dunn Danielle , Rankin Brett
Published: April 2021

The Student Talent Enrichment Program was an experimental grant program conducted at a major research university to improve underfunded students’ retention outcomes. This program provided scholarships to 151 first-year students with $5,000 or more in unmet financial need. Participants received a one-time grant in the fall of 2017, with award amounts ranging from $2,500 to $10,000. Grant recipients' retention rates exceeded the control group by small margins. However, these grants failed to make a difference only among the few grantees already in academic jeopardy. For grant recipients who had early GPAs of at least 1.5 prior to receiving financial awards, term-to-term retention rates surpassed the control group by a substantial, expected, and statistically significant margin.
Geological position of the gold-sulfide-quartz deposits of the Chilean active margin
Authors: Savchuk Yu. S. , Volkov A. V. , Galyamov A. L. , Aristov V. V. , Chizhova I. A. , Murashov K. Yu.
Published: April 2021

Research subject. The gold-sulphide-quartz deposits of Central Chile are typical prospecting objects, having small ore intervals (from the first tens of centimetres to 1 m), intermittent and nested ore distribution and extremely uneven gold contents.

Materials and methods. The patterns of ore mineralization distribution are considered against the background of the results of modern geophysical studies of the lithosphere: the Moho surface, density and thermal regime of the upper mantle. Detailed studies were conducted on the Yapin ore field.

Results. It was shown that the faults controlling gold-sulphidequartz mineralization are derivatives of shear tectonics under the conditions of a transpression regime along the Chilean active margin. At an early stage, these faults developed in a right-shift environment, which was accompanied by the introduction of diabase dikes into the northeastern faults, and gold-sulfide-quartz mineralization superimposed on the dikes was deposited during the left-shift stage. The geological structure of the deposits in the ore field Yapin was characterized. It was shown that a diverse mineralization is developed in the ore field - copper-porphyry, IOCG-type and gold-sulphide-quartz. According to geochemical data, the latter is characterized by a clear enrichment of chalcophilic elements (Au, As, Ag, Cd, Cu, Bi, Pb, Zn, Te, Co). The marked enrichment of Bi, Te and Co ores indicates the participation of magmatic fluid in ore formation and the similarity of the mineralization of the Escondida deposit with the type of gold deposits associated with granitoid intrusions. According to geochemical features, gold-sulphide-quartz mineralization in the general zoning pattern occupies a boundary position between IOCG-type objects and copper-porphyry deposits.

Conclusions. The conclusion is drawn about the independence of gold-sulphide-quartz mineralization and its difference from epithermal gold deposits. It is noted that, in the volcanic belts of the North-East of Russia, the prospects for discovering unconventional gold-sulphidequartz deposits similar to those of Central Chile are rather real.
GERİATRİK AKUT APANDİSİTLERİN TANI VE TEDAVİSİNDEKİ FARKLILIKLAR: TEK MERKEZ DENEYİMİ
Authors: TÜRKAN Ahmet , ERDOĞAN Ahmet , KILINÇ Uğur
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Akut apandisit yaşlılarda gençlere göre daha az görülür. Bu çalışmada 65 yaş ve üstü akut apandisit hastalarımızı değerlendirmeyi ve literatür eşliğinde sunmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Genel cerrahi kliniğinde 2010-2018 yılları arasında akut apandisit nedeni ile apendektomi uygulanan ve tanısı histopatolojik olarak doğrulanmış 65 yaş ve üstü hastaların dosya verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması  standart deviasyon 70.875.68) (min:65-maks:85) yıl idi. 19'u (%50) erkek, 19'u (%50) kadın idi. Hastaların 3'ü (%7.9) ilk 24 saatte, 35'i (%92.1) ise şikâyetlerinin başlamasından 24 saat sonrasında hastaneye başvurmuştu. Hastaların tamamında karın ağrısı, 25'inde (%65.8) iştahsızlık, 12'sinde (%31.6) bulantı-kusma, 8'inde (%21.1) konstipasyon şikâyeti vardı. 26'sının (%68.4) ek hastalığı vardı. 10 (%26.3) hastada perforasyon bulguları izlendi. Üç (%7.9) hastada yara yeri enfeksiyonu, 9 (%23.7) hastada erken dönemde ileus gelişmişti. Hastanede yatış süresi ortalama 3.713.06 (min:1-maks:14) gündü. Hastaların hiçbirinde yoğun bakım ihtiyacı olmadı ve mortalite görülmedi.Sonuç: Yaşlılarda semptomları önemsememe ve hastaneye geç başvurma, buna bağlı olarak da tanıda gecikme nedeni ile morbidite daha fazla olmaktadır. Yaşlı hastalarda akut apandisite bağlı batın bulgularının silik olabileceği ve hastaların çok farklı klinik durumlar ile başvurabileceği unutulmamalıdır.
Opinion of the Polish Paediatric Dentistry Association (PTSD), Section of Paediatric Dentistry of the Polish Dental Association, Polish Branch of Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future (ACFF) and the National Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry concerning preventive dental recommendations for patients with disabilities
Authors: Gerreth Karolina , Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota , Borysewicz-Lewicka Maria
Published: April 2021

The problem of treatment of patients with special health needs resulting from the presence of deficits in intellectual, motor or sensory functions, also in dentistry, has not been comprehensively solved. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 15% of the world population has some form of disability. Patients with disabilities are considered to have greater dental treatment needs in comparison to healthy individuals. High incidence and intensity of dental caries as well as frequent gum diseases are observed in this environment. Often the situation is related, among other, to the presence of systemic diseases and the treatment used, limitations in shaping proper dental health behaviors, insufficient knowledge of parents about oral health or barriers in access to dental care. The development of recommendations for parents/caregivers as well as medical staff is required to improve the health of these patients and quality of their life. The document contains information on the etiology and epidemiology of dental caries in patients with disabilities but also prophylactic recommendations for this population of patients and their parents/caregivers and dentists.
The usefulness of Spotchem® Analyser (Arkray) in determining the risk in oral diseases in adolescents – a pilot study
Authors: Świątkowska Magdalena , Piekoszewska-Ziętek Paula , Gozdowski Dariusz , Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Saliva Check Buffer® has been long used for assessing saliva physical and chemical properties, while CRT Bacteria® is used for estimating the count of cariogenic bacteria. Spotchem® Analyser is a new device for the assessment of saliva properties. Aim. To determine the consistency of results obtained using Spotchem®, Saliva Check Buffer® and CRT Bacteria® kits, as well as to evaluate the correlations between the obtained results and oral hygiene status, ICDAS II indices in the diagnosis of the risk of oral diseases in children. Material and methods. Patients aged 12-17 years were evaluated for oral hygiene (% API, OHI), gingival inflammation (GI), and carious lesions (ICDAS II). Salivary tests using Saliva Check Buffer® (GC), CRT Bacteria® (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Spotchem® (Arkray) Analyser were conducted. The consent of the bioethical committee of Warsaw Medical University, as well as written consent from all the parents of all the subjects or legal guardians of all the subjects were obtained. Results. The study included 25 patients (mean age 13.7 ± 2.2 years). The following mean index values were obtained: OHI-S – 0.93 ± 0.43; API% – 72 ± 0.26; GI – 0.83 ± 0.61; DMFt – 6.44 ± 4.12. Active white lesions were observed in 13 patients (mean number of lesions 2.2 ± 2.92). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient showed significant correlations between pH values according to Saliva Check Buffer® and salivary buffer capacity (r = 0.608) and acidity (r = -0.713) according to Spotchem®; as well as a negative correlation between salivary buffer capacity and pH values in Spotchem® (r = -0.845). High count of S. mutans (> 105 CFU/mL) assessed by CRT Bacteria® correlated significantly with high bacteria count estimated by the Spotchem® Analyser (r = 0.54). Significant correlations were found between OHI and high (r = 0.46) and average (r = -0.54) metabolic activity of S. mutans; GI and salivary protein levels (r = 0.42); carious lesions and salivary protein levels (r = 0.40); salivary blood levels (r = 0.47) (Spotchem®) and the levels of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. (CRT Bacteria®) (0.47 and 0.42, respectively). Conclusions. The parameters estimated by the Spotchem® Analyser were correlated with the results obtained with the commonly known salivary kits and oral health indices. However, its clinical relevance should be confirmed by further studies.
Developmental defects of enamel in the population of Polish adolescents aged 18 years old: the prevalence and selected socio-demographic factors. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota , Turska-Szybka Anna , Gozdowski Dariusz , Kaczmarek Urszula
Published: April 2021

Introduction. There has been a lack of current epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in Polish adolescents. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of developmental defect of enamel in the permanent dentition in the population of adolescents aged 18 years old, including the impact of selected sociodemographic factors. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 covered adolescents aged 18 years old attending schools in 16 Polish voivodeships, selected by stratified sampling. Sociodemographic factors such as sex, place of residence, parents’ education level and subjective economic status were collected with a survey. The condition of enamel was assessed with the use of DDE Index modified by Clarkson and Dean’s Indicator by dentists specially trained and calibrated for this study. Prior to its initiation, the study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University in Warsaw (Ref. No.: KB/134/217 of 6.06.217). Results. A total of 1611 adolescents were examined (with 52.6% female and 50.5% were residents of rural areas). Developmental defects of enamel were identified in 16.3% of the participants of the study, most frequently in the form of demarcated opacities (10.4%). In 2.7%, they were classified as fluorosis, most frequently questionable. Maxillary central incisors and first premolars were most frequently affected. In 2.5% of the examined adolescents, the defects involved single teeth, whereas in 0.6% the defects were generalised. Defects not classified as fluorosis were more commonly identified in males. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence between voivodeships, with defects most commonly observed in participants from southern voivodeships. No other sociodemographic factors, however, were identified as significant. Conclusions. The highest prevalence of demarcated opacities suggests the significance of local factors in the aetiology of developmental enamel defects of permanent dentition in Poland. Fluorosis is a rarely encountered entity. The lack of the significance of sociodemographic factors and the regional differences in the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel suggest the need for further research, aimed at identifying geographical risk factors.
Dentists’ knowledge of fluoride cariostatic mechanisms
Authors: Kaczmarek Urszula , Kowalczyk Wojciech , Gozdowski Dariusz , Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The use of age- and risk-adjusted caries prevention requires up-to-date knowledge on the cariostatic effects of fluoride, as well as the methods and safety of fluoride prophylaxis. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess dentists’ knowledge of the safety and mechanism of anticaries effects of fluoride. Material and methods. An anonymous questionnaire was conducted among 212 dentists participating in dental training. The questions included in the questionnaire related to knowledge about water fluoridation, fluoride cariostatic mechanisms and the safety of fluoride prophylaxis. The chi-square test and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. A significance level of 0.05 was used. Results. Incorrect knowledge about water fluoridation was demonstrated by 26.9% of respondents in the country and 16.0% of respondents in Europe. Most respondents (80.7%) reported higher efficacy of exogenous vs endogenous anticaries approaches, and more than half of respondents (59.0%) considered the processes of remineralisation and demineralisation as the most important anticaries activity. Almost all respondents (95.7%) agreed that the use of fluoride for caries prevention is controversial, mainly due to its dose-dependent therapeutic or toxic effects (85.4%). According to about 20% of respondents, cariostatic fluoride doses have adverse effects on the general health, mainly in the form of bone fragility (10.4%). Conclusions. Lack of correct knowledge about the dominant cariostatic effects of fluoride may result in the choice of an inappropriate preventive method or avoiding local application of fluoride preparations for fear of adverse systemic effects, which may in turn lead to increased caries prevalence in a given population.