bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Playing Position and Contextual Factors on Soccer Players’ Match Differential Ratings of Perceived Exertion: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Barrett Steve , McLaren Shaun , Spears Iain , Ward Patrick , Weston Matthew
Published: February 2018

(1) Background: Differential RPE (dRPE) separates scores for breathlessness (RPE-B), leg muscle exertion (RPE-L) and technical/cognitive exertion (RPE-T). Limited information for dRPE is available in soccer match play, yet these measurements may help inform practitioners training and recovery strategies. This preliminary study investigated the effects of playing position and contextual factors on elite soccer players’ dRPE. (2) Methods: Thirty-two male English Premier League players recorded dRPE scores 15–30 min post-match for RPE-B, RPE-L, and RPE-T. Data were analysed using linear mixed models, with magnitude-based inferences subsequently applied. (3) Results: Overall, the mean ± SD for the dRPE were 63 ± 23 arbitrary units (au) (RPE-B), 67 ± 22 au (RPE-L), and 60 ± 24 au (RPE-T). Full Backs reported substantially higher RPE-B, RPE-L and RPE-T when compared to all other positions. Substantially higher RPE-T scores were reported for matches played against Top teams compared to Bottom (10 au; 90% Confidence Interval 5 to 15 au) and Middle (10 au; 4 to 15 au) ranked teams. The effects of match result and location on dRPE were not substantial. (4) Conclusions: Positional differences were observed following soccer match play for RPE-B, RPE-L and RPE-T. Full backs had substantially higher dRPE then any other position, with all players reporting increased RPE-T when playing teams at the Top of the league. These findings can help practitioners monitor internal load responses and support the prescription of training and recovery sessions.
A Review of Current Methods for Analysis of Mycotoxins in Herbal Medicines
Authors: Zhang Lei , Dou Xiao-Wen , Zhang Cheng , Logrieco Antonio , Yang Mei-Hua
Published: February 2018

The presence of mycotoxins in herbal medicines is an established problem throughout the entire world. The sensitive and accurate analysis of mycotoxin in complicated matrices (e.g., herbs) typically involves challenging sample pretreatment procedures and an efficient detection instrument. However, although numerous reviews have been published regarding the occurrence of mycotoxins in herbal medicines, few of them provided a detailed summary of related analytical methods for mycotoxin determination. This review focuses on analytical techniques including sampling, extraction, cleanup, and detection for mycotoxin determination in herbal medicines established within the past ten years. Dedicated sections of this article address the significant developments in sample preparation, and highlight the importance of this procedure in the analytical technology. This review also summarizes conventional chromatographic techniques for mycotoxin qualification or quantitation, as well as recent studies regarding the development and application of screening assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, lateral flow immunoassays, aptamer-based lateral flow assays, and cytometric bead arrays. The present work provides a good insight regarding the advanced research that has been done and closes with an indication of future demand for the emerging technologies.
Use of Intermittent Preventive Treatment among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Malaria Indicator Surveys
Authors: Yaya Sanni , Uthman Olalekan , Amouzou Agbessi , Bishwajit Ghose
Published: February 2018

Uptake of intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is a clinically-proven method to prevent the adverse outcomes of malaria in pregnancy (MiP) for the mother, her foetus, and the neonates. The majority of countries in sub-Saharan Africa have introduced IPTp policies for pregnant women during the past decade. Nonetheless, progress towards improving IPTp coverage remains dismal, with widespread regional and socioeconomic disparities in the utilisation of this highly cost-effective service. In the present study, our main objective was to measure the prevalence of IPTp uptake in selected malaria-endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and to investigate the patterns of IPTp uptake among different educational and wealth categories adjusted for relevant sociodemographic factors. For this study, cross-sectional data on 18,603 women aged between 15 and 49 years were collected from the Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS) conducted in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Malawi, Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. The outcome variable was taking three doses of IPTp-SP in the last pregnancy, defined as adequate by the WHO. According to the analysis, the overall prevalence of taking three doses of IPTp-SP in the latest pregnancy was 29.5% (95% CI = 28.2–30.5), with the prevalence being highest for Ghana (60%, 95% CI = 57.1–62.8), followed by Kenya (37%, 95% CI = 35.3–39.2) and Sierra Leone (31%, 95% CI = 29.2–33.4). Women from non-poor households (richer—20.7%, middle—21.2%, richest—18.1%) had a slightly higher proportion of taking three doses of IPTp-SP compared with those from poorest (19.0%) and poorer (21.1%) households. Regression analysis revealed an inverse association between uptake of IPTp-SP and educational level. With regard to wealth status, compared with women living in the richest households, those in the poorest, poorer, middle, and richer households had significantly higher odds of not taking at least three doses of IPTp-SP during their last pregnancy. The present study concludes that the prevalence of IPTp-SP is still alarmingly low and is significantly associated with individual education and household wealth gradient. Apart from the key finding of socioeconomic disparities within countries, were the between-country variations that should be regarded as a marker of inadequate policy and healthcare system performance in the respective countries. More in-depth and longitudinal studies are required to understand the barriers to, and preferences of, using IPTp-SP among women from different socioeconomic backgrounds.
Frame- and Metric-Like Higher-Spin Fermions
Authors: Rahman Rakibur
Published: February 2018

Conventional descriptions of higher-spin fermionic gauge fields appear in two varieties: the Aragone–Deser–Vasiliev frame-like formulation and the Fang–Fronsdal metric-like formulation. We review, clarify and elaborate on some essential features of these two. For frame-like free fermions in Anti-de Sitter space, one can present a gauge-invariant Lagrangian description such that the constraints on the field and the gauge parameters mimic their flat-space counterparts. This simplifies the explicit demonstration of the equivalence of the two formulations at the free level. We comment on the subtleties that may arise in an interacting theory.
ALV Integration-Associated Hypomethylation at the TERT Promoter Locus
Authors: Lam Gary , Beemon Karen
Published: February 2018

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a simple retrovirus that can induce B-cell lymphoma in chicken(s) and other birds by insertional mutagenesis. The promoter region of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) has been identified as an important integration site for tumorigenesis. Tumors with TERT promoter integrations are associated with increased TERT expression. The mechanism of this activation is still under investigation. We asked whether insertion of proviral DNA perturbs the epigenome of the integration site and, subsequently, impacts the regulation of neighboring genes. DNA cytosine methylation, which generally acts to suppress transcription, is one major form of epigenetic regulation. In this study, we examine allele-specific methylation patterns of genomic DNA from chicken tumors by bisulfite sequencing. We observed that alleles with TERT promoter integrations are associated with decreased methylation in the host genome near the site of integration. Our observations suggest that insertion of ALV in the TERT promoter region may induce expression of TERT through inhibition of maintenance methylation in the TERT promoter region.
The selective electrochemical fluorination of S-alkyl benzothioate and its derivatives
Authors: Kuribayashi Shunsuke , Kurioka Tomoyuki , Inagi Shinsuke , Lu Ho-Jung , Uang Biing-Jiun , Fuchigami Toshio
Published: February 2018

We herein report that the regioselective anodic fluorination of S-alkyl benzothioate and its derivatives in various aprotic solvents using Et3N·nHF (n = 3–5) and Et4NF·nHF (n = 3–5) as supporting electrolyte and a fluorine source successfully provided the corresponding α-fluorinated products in moderate yields. Dichloromethane containing Et4NF·4HF was found to be the most suitable combination as electrolytic solvent and supporting salt as well as fluorine source for the anodic fluorination. The electrochemical fluorination of cyclic benzothioates such as benzothiophenone was also achieved.
Synchrotron Polarization of Relativistic Thermal Electrons
Authors: Mao Jirong , Wang Jiancheng
Published: February 2018

Relativistic electrons accelerated by both the first-order and the second-order Fermi accelerations in some synchrotron sources have a hybrid shape of thermal and nonthermal energy distribution. This particle acceleration result is supported by some recent numerical simulations. We calculate the synchrotron polarization by applying this electron energy distribution. The polarization degrees in the cases of active galactic nucleus jets and gamma-ray bursts are given as examples. The possible application for the polarization study of Sgr A* is also mentioned. We finally suggest high-energy polarization measurements for these synchrotron sources to test our results.
Violence Risk Assessments and Management
Authors: Parke Susan , Baranoski Madelon , Buchanan Alec , Norko Michael A.
Published: February 2018

Risk assessment and management are central to much of contemporary psychiatric practice. Although many people with mental illness are not violent, mental health professionals are often called upon to perform violence risk assessments in a variety of situations and settings. Moreover, in general practice, assessing and mitigating patients' risk can be critical aspects of treatment. The task of applying the information gathered during risk assessments to manage risk clinically remains challenging. Knowing how to conduct skillful risk assessments can improve decision-making about violence and help treat patients well and safely. We review violence risk assessment research and the clinical application of risk assessments and risk management.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2018;48(2):109–114.]
CD8 T Cell Memory Increases Immunopathology in the Perforin-Deficient Model of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to TNF-α
Authors: Taylor Matthew D , Burn Thomas N , Wherry E John , Behrens Edward M
Published: February 2018

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (FHL2) is a cytokine storm syndrome characterized by immune hyperactivation with viral infection due to a CD8 T cell cytotoxic killing defect secondary to a perforin deficiency. As most studies of FHL2 mice have used pathogen-naive animals, the effects of immune memory on FHL2 are understudied. We used an immunization model of the perforin-deficient mouse to study the effects of immune memory on FHL2. Prior CD8 T cell–specific Ag exposure leads to enhanced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with increased morbidity and decreased time to mortality. Enhanced disease is associated with altered cytokine production and T cell proliferation. Response to IFN-γ blockade is reduced and TNF-α gains a pathogenic role, although blockade of the IL-33 receptor ST2 remains effective. These results suggest that pre-existing immune memory may worsen the outcome and alter the treatment response for FHL2 patients who may not be naive to their immune triggers.
Programme de mesures de l’irradiation naturelle en France. 1° partie : Méthodes récentes de mesure
Authors: Madelmont Claude , Jeanmaire L. , Ranou A. , Renouard H. , Verry M.
Published: February 2018

Description of methods to measure the population exposition to natural irradiation in French dwelling :

— external exposure with thermoluminescent dosimeters for γ rays, — internal exposure with solid state nuclear track detectors for radon and thoron progeny (description of passive and active detection CEA alpha dosimeter).

A second publication will give all the results from measurement until April 1984.
Première destruction in situ de l’hypophyse du cheval
Authors: Locatelli A.
Published: February 2018

L'utilisation d'un rayon laser au CO2 a été mise à profit pour détruire in situ l'hypophyse d'un poney Welsh. La préparation de l’animal, les différents temps de l'intervention, les soins post-opératoires et les suites de l'opération sont exposés.
Application d’un test allergique de détection de la Brucellose en élevages ovins vaccinés contre cette infection
Authors: Durand Maurice P. , Loquerie R. , Fabre F. , Molinié M. , Lingelser J.
Published: February 2018

"Application of an allergic test to the detection of the ovine brucellosis in flocks vaccinated against brucellosis".

The allergic diagnosis of Ovine Brucellosis was made on three flocks representing 767 animals, by means of a proteic allergen, extracted from a Brucella Rough. These flocks were regularly vaccinated for several years with the REV.l vaccine or the H.38 vaccine. Serologies, with the aid of the Rose Bengale Test, were made correlatively. From our results it was evident that the positivity to the allergic test disappeared faster than the serologic positivity on the animals vaccinated REV.1. Only 2.5 to 4 % of the animals reacted to the allergic test 1 or 2 years after vaccination. The vaccinations with H.38 have persistent reactions for a very long time.

In a general schema of ovine Brucellosis prophylaxis, one could couple medical and sanitary prophylaxis, and in this case, couple the REV.1 vaccination with the elimination of the allergopositive animals.
Aperçu de l'évolution de la production bovine laitière en France et dans la C.E.E
Authors: Delage Jacques
Published: February 2018

Les effectifs des bovins laitiers ont peu varié au cours des deux dernières décennies. On compte actuellement 25 millions de vaches laitières dans la C.E.E. dont 7 millions en France. La composition raciale s’est par contre modifiée. En France, trois races, la Française Frisonne, la Normande et la Montbéliarde, représentent plus de 90 % du cheptel trait. Les effectifs de la Pie-Noire ont augmenté dans la C.E.E. au détriment de divers types génétiques. L'évolution est dominée par la recherche d'un accroissement des productions individuelles pour diminuer les coûts de production.

La répartition géographique des élevages laitiers tend à se remodeler au profit des zones maritimes ou des régions de collines et de montagnes. La taille moyenne des troupeaux augmente dans tous les pays mais les différences entre pays se sont accrues de 50% entre 1973 et 1981.

La collecte laitière est en progression régulière dans la C.E.E. Au cours des dernières années, les quatre principaux pays producteurs par ordre d'importance décroissante, la France, la R.F.A., le Royaume-Uni et les Pays-Bas ont augmenté leurs productions individuelles d'une quantité voisine, mais la France conserve un retard.

Les excédents de produits laitiers contraignent à prendre des dispositions limitant l’accroissement de la production totale mais ces dispositions ne doivent pas arrêter le progrès technique et défavoriser les éleveurs en phase de développement.

La réduction des effectifs par l’installation de quotas et l’incitation à la retraite, si la démographie le permet, paraissent les meilleures voies d'approche. Toutefois, les répercussions éventuelles sur la production de viande doivent être prises en compte. Simultanément, la consommation de lait et de produits laitiers doit être stimulée, notamment en améliorant encore les technologies.
La fièvre Q bovine. Effet de la vaccination et de l'antibiothérapie sur l'évolution clinique et l'excrétion de Coxiella dans le lait et les sécrétions utérines
Authors: Woernle H. , Limouzin Claude , Muler K. , Durand Maurice P.
Published: February 2018

Une expérimentation a été menée pendant plusieurs années, en milieu infecté, sur 30000 bovins en France et 4100 bovins de 88 exploitations en Allemagne.

Elle a prouvé que :

1. L’efficacité de la vaccination dans les formes cliniques de fièvre Q est indiscutable ; les rares échecs partiels ou totaux sont attribués à des infections intercurrentes (I.B.R., B.V.D., etc.).

2. L’éradication de la fièvre Q dans les troupeaux infectés peut être obtenue en 4 à 5 ans, par des vaccinations répétées couplées ou non à l’élimination des animaux excréteurs.

3. Cet assainissement peut être considérablement raccourci et ramené à 1 an, lorsque l'on associe l’antibiothérapie (Terramycine L A) à la vaccination.

4. Cette association thérapeutique diminue encore les risques de contamination du consommateur de lait cru ; elle devrait être préconisée pour toutes les exploitations vendant du lait cru et infectées par Coxiella Burnetti.
Importance des streptocoques dans les troubles de la reproduction chez la jument. Données actuelles
Authors: Vaissaire Josée , Plateau E. , Laroche M. , Mirial Ginette , Hardy J. , Guery P.
Published: February 2018

Importance of streptococci in the reproduction disorders of the mare. New datas.

The authors described the important intervention of Streptococcus zooepidemicus, equi, equisimilis and uberis in the bacterial disorders of reproduction (fertility, endometritis) and causes of abortion. The principal bacterial pathogens causing disorders are : Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Actinobacillus equuli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The Streptococcal diseases are found in over 50 per cent of confirmed cases of bacterial disorders of reproduction. The bacterial contamination access to the vagina and uterus of the mares, often, during the breeding of foaling. The bacteriological controls of mares and stallions are necessary before breeding and the research of several bacterial organisms is obligatory.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : agent du rouget, dans les différentes espèces animales. Données actuelles
Authors: Vaissaire Josée , Desmettre Ph. , Paille G. , Mirial Ginette , Laroche Micheline
Published: February 2018

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteria of swine erysipelas in the various animals species new datas.

The authors described the infection to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in France and the principal sérotypes. This affection is more important in the flock of sheep or fanning of poultry than herds of swine where the disease is better controled by the vaccination. The most important serotypes are 2, 1 b, 1 a ; the other are exceptional 5 and 18. For these two serotypes a work is in progress to know their effective pathogenicity. The other strains are temporarily indetermined, an investigation begins.
Nouveau procédé de fabrication de fromage à partir de lait en poudre
Authors: Labié Jacques
Published: February 2018

Un nouveau procédé de fabrication de fromage à partir de lait en poudre a été mis au point à l'Ecole Nationale d'industrie Laitière de Mamirolle près de Besançon en France.

Il s'est inspiré de travaux antérieurs concernant la coagulation du lait concentré emprésuré à froid puis réchauffé brutalement par addition d'eau chaude en vue de provoquer la coagulation. Il s'en distingue toutefois par une température de coagulation de 45° C, significativement plus élevée, et par le fait que le lait est versé dans l’eau chaude et non pas l’inverse ce qui est très important pour éviter la formation de fines de caillé, surtout dans le cas de fromagerie à partir de lait en poudre. Il consiste à recombiner un lait concentré présentant les caractéristiques suivantes : E.S.T. 22.7 %, M.G. 5,7 %, E.S.D. 17 %, pH 6,35/6,40, qui est ensuite ensemencé en ferments lactiques appropriés, refroidi à 6° C, et dans lequel on ajoute enfin phosphate monocalcique et présure. Le lait emprésuré à froid est maintenu à 6° C pendant 8-12 h. La coagulation instantanée est réglée à une température de 45° C par basculement complet et immédiat du lait dans de l'eau à 84° C à quantité égale. Le fromage se forme spontanément et les opérations de moulage sont faciles et rapides.

Ce procédé est particulièrement simple et fiable. Il ne nécessite pas de savoir-faire fromager mais uniquement un savoir-faire laitier et peut améliorer sensiblement la situation alimentaire de nombreux pays du Tiers-Monde.
Pasteur et la rage : le rôle des vétérinaires (Galtier et Bourrel en particulier)
Authors: Rosset Roland
Published: February 2018

Man antirabic vaccination by Pasteur was made much easier by some veterinary surgeons, who played an important part.

Bouley, great Bouley, was the indefatigable supporter of Pasteur's theories ; Professor Pilet has just asserted it.

The writer here recalls what two unrecognized veterinary surgeons did. One of them Galtier, a professor at the veterinary school of Lyon, discovered rabbit as a laboratory animal and carried out sheep vaccina¬ tion ; the second one Bourrel at the risk of his life, supplied Pasteur with as many rabid dogs as necessary.

But, them Pasteur wouldn’t have succeeded !
Spina Bifida—Ultrasonographic Diagnosis in First and Second Trimesters
Authors: Sarno Laura , Saccone Gabriele , Cresce Marco Di , Martinelli Pasquale , Maruotti Giuseppe Maria
Published: February 2018

Accurate and timely prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida (SB) is a major challenge of actual antenatal care. The diagnosis of spina bifida may be only suspected during I trimester because the detection rate of intracranial traslucency is 50%; the final diagnosis is made in the II trimester by direct visualization of defect of spine or the presence of myelomeningocele or the visualization of indirect signs. When a spine defect is detected it is necessary a neurosurgical counseling with the patient .The degree of handicap and the survival rate depend on the level of injury, the size of the defect, and the presence of associated anomalies. In tertiary fetal medicine centers, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound allows an accurate determination of the location, type, extention of the defect. Maternal—fetal surgery for myelomeningocele repair must be offered to carefully selected patients even if there are significant maternal implications and complications

How to cite this article

Sarno L, Saccone G, Di Cresce M, Martinelli P, Maruotti GM. Spina Bifida—Ultrasonographic Diagnosis in First and Second Trimesters. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):341-346.
Clinical Study of Fetal Neurobehavior by the Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test
Authors: Moreira Neto Raul , Gaber Ghalia
Published: February 2018

Fetal neurology is an evolving field in prenatal diagnosis and fetal medicine with great interest. The identification and diagnosis of brain damage prenatally has been a great challenge in obstetrics for many years. Investigations of the fetal behavior in comparison with morphological studies led to the conclusion that fetal behavioral patterns directly reflect developmental and maturational processes of fetal central nervous system (CNS). Four-dimensional ultrasound (4D US) has remarkably improved the assessment of the quality of fetal spontaneous movements, and enabled a better evaluation of fetal behavior. The assessment of normal neurobehavioral development by 4D US provided the opportunity to investigate functional characteristics of the fetus that could predict neurological developmental dysfunction. Some studies have already been carried out to evaluate this new methodology in the observation of the fetal behavior during different stages of gestation, in an attempt to better understand the relationships between the maturation of the CNS of the fetus and its implications on its behavior pattern. We present a review of literature on fetal behavior by 4D US.

How to cite this article

Neto RM, Kurjak A, Porovic S, Stanojevic M, Gaber G. Clinical Study of Fetal Neurobehavior by the Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):355-361.
Perioperative Point of Care Cardiac Ultrasound for Anesthetists
Authors: Dogra Neeti
Published: February 2018

How to cite this article

Puri GD, Dogra N. Perioperative Point of Care Cardiac Ultrasound for Anesthetists. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(2):39-41.
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Approach to a Patient with Suspected Pulmonary Hypertension in the Intraoperative Period
Authors: Kumar M Ganesh , Puri Goverdhan D
Published: February 2018

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) >25 mm Hg at rest is confirmed by right heart catheterization (RHC). With the rapid development of surgical methods and cardiopulmonary bypass strategies, many children and adults are undergoing surgical correction for their cardiac pathologies. Presence of PH in these patients contributes to a major morbidity and poses a great challenge for the operative team during its surgical and postoperative management. With the universal use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in almost all cardiac surgeries, the etiology, severity of PH, and its effect on cardiac structures and function can be evaluated in patients suspected of having PH. Since there is no established algorithm for the intraoperative TEE evaluation of such patients, we proposed an algorithm for the evaluation of PH in patients suspected of having raised pulmonary pressure using TEE in the intraoperative period.

How to cite this article

Kumar MG, Puri GD. Transesophageal Echocardiographic Approach to a Patient with Suspected Pulmonary Hypertension in the Intraoperative Period. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(2):49-63.
Gerbode Defect following Tetralogy of Fallot Repair: The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Kiran Usha , Ladha Suruchi , Makhija Neeti , Balasubramaniam Uma , Devagourou Velayoudam
Published: February 2018

Gerbode defect is a rare type of left ventricle (LV) to right atrium (RA) shunt. It is congenital in origin, but acquired cases are also described, usually following infective endocarditis, valve replacement, trauma, or myocardial infarction. We, hereby, report two cases of acquired Gerbode defect after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair, and describe the role of echocardiography in the complete visualization of the anatomical defect, and in differentiation of this shunt from other conditions. The role of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is highlighted during reintervention for successful shunt closure.

How to cite this article

Ladha S, Balasubramaniam U, Kiran U, Makhija N, Devagourou V. Gerbode Defect following Tetralogy of Fallot Repair: The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(2):70-73.
The Importance of Considering Sub-grid Cloud Variability When
Using Satellite Observations to Evaluate the Cloud and
Precipitation Simulations in Climate Models
Authors: Song Hua , Zhang Zhibo , Ma Po-Lun , Ghan Steven , Wang Minghuai
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Satellite cloud observations have become an indispensable tool for evaluating the general circulation models (GCMs). To facilitate the satellite and GCM comparisons, the CFMIP (Cloud Feedback Model Inter-comparison Project) Observation Simulator Package (COSP) has been developed and is now increasingly used in GCM evaluations. In this study, we use COSP cloud simulations from the Super-Parameterized Community Atmosphere Model (SPCAM5) and satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and CloudSat to demonstrate the importance of considering the sub-grid variability of cloud and precipitation when using the COSP to evaluate GCM simulations. We carry out the two sensitivity tests: SPCAM5 COSP and SPCAM5-Homogeneous COSP. In the SPCAM5 COSP run, the sub-grid cloud and precipitation properties from the embedded cloud resolving model (CRM) of SPCAM5 are used to drive the COSP simulation, while in the SPCAM5-Homogeneous COSP run only grid mean cloud and precipitation properties (i.e., no sub-grid variations) are given to the COSP. We find that the warm rain signatures in the SPCAM5 COSP run agree with the MODIS and CloudSat observations quite well. In contrast, the SPCAM5-Homogeneous COSP run which ignores the sub-grid cloud variations, substantially overestimates the radar reflectivity and probability of precipitation compared to the satellite observations, as well as the results from the SPCAM5 COSP run. The significant differences between the two COSP runs demonstrate that it is important to take into account the sub-grid variations of cloud and precipitation when using COSP to evaluate the GCM to avoid confusing and misleading results.
Earthquake safety analysis of masonry historical building
case study: Historical Konya Gazi High School
Authors: Donduren M. Sami , Uguz Seyit
Published: February 2018

Abstract. It is substantially significant to protect historical structures, which are an important part of our culture, against natural disasters such as earthquakes and to be transmitted to future generations. The structural behaviour of historical buildings must be well known to protect such structures. In order to be able to determine how safe the historic buildings are against the earthquake effect, it is necessary to determine the earthquake performance. Nowadays, the most commonly used method for the modelling and structural analysis of historical buildings systems with complex geometries is the finite element method. In this study, Historical Konya Gazi High School was examined according to the present situation regarding the design and construction features with Regulations on buildings to be built in earthquake regions and structural analysis was performed in ETABS program. Graphs showing displacements, moments, shear forces and axial forces are used to interpret the results of the finite element analysis of the Historical Gazi High School. It has been informed about the stresses and damages that may be caused by any earthquake to this building, which has been serving the students for 97 years. It is aimed that this work will be a study to suggest a solution in terms of not losing the our historical values and delivering it to future generations.
Estimation of hazard assessment by FINSIM for west coast and son narmada faults
Authors: Angadi Shivamanth , Desai Mayank
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The Seismic hazard study was carried out for Maharashtra state, Bombay (Latitude 18.940 N, Longitude 72.840 E). In the present study the geological fault is known as West coast fault and Son Narmada Faults were studied and used for the earthquake simulation, extended finite fault method originally FINSIM given by M. Atkinson (1998), was used to simulate an earthquake of 6.5 Mw. The soil classification was carried out by the Shear wave velocity and the relation between Shear wave velocity and SPT valves were also recommended by Sumedh Y. Mhaske (2011), since the Mumbai has been formed by the conglomeration of various islands which has come together to form a single landmass. The soil investigation suggested that Most of the region comes under the Class D and C for the worst case simulation we have used the site class D. The peak ground accelerations (PGA) vary from 0.03g to 0.133 g. While coming to zonal area IS1893:2002 still consider the Mumbai city under zone III with the Z value of 0.16 and the result have been compared with the analysis done by many researchers in the same area.
Validación del cuestionario CTM-3-modificado sobre satisfacción con la continuidad de cuidados: un estudio de cohortes
Authors: Berenguer-García Noelia , Roldán-Chicano María Teresa , Rodríguez-Tello Javier , García-López María del Mar , Dávila-Martínez Rut , Bueno-García María Jesús
Published: February 2018

Objetivos: validar el contenido y constructo de la encuesta CTM-3 (Care Transitions Measure- 3 preguntas) modificada. Determinar el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios con la continuidad de cuidados de enfermería interniveles y relacionarlo con la presencia de Informe de Cuidados de Enfermería tras su última hospitalización. Material y método: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo, con 131 pacientes hospitalizados en el Complejo Hospitalario de Cartagena (España).La satisfacción con la continuidad de cuidados se valoró con el cuestionario CTM-3-modificado, resultado de un proceso de validación realizado sobre el mismo. Resultados: un 94% de los encuestados presenta una satisfacción aceptable con el proceso de continuidad de cuidados. Los pacientes con Informe de Cuidados tienen un nivel alto de satisfacción con la continuidad de cuidados, RR= 0,90 (IC 95%: 0,831-0,990). Conclusiones: La validez de contenido y constructo realizadas, han permitido medir la satisfacción de los usuarios con la continuidad y su correlación con la presencia de informe, obteniendo como resultado que la realización de Informe de Cuidados influye ligeramente en la satisfacción con el proceso de continuidad de cuidados. Sin embargo, el hecho de que el informe se entregue en mano y/o se explique no parece afectar a la misma.
Cuidado de enfermería en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, según la Teoría de la Atención Burocrática
Authors: Guerrero-Núñez Sara , Valenzuela-Suazo Sandra , Cid-Henríquez Patricia
Published: February 2018

Objetivo: describir las características de la práctica de enfermería en el cuidado de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la atención primaria de salud, según la Teoría de la Atención Burocrática. Material y método: investigación cualitativa que exploró la práctica de enfermería en el cuidado del paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, por medio de la observación no participante; se realizó durante tres semanas en dos centros de salud familiar en la región de Atacama, Chile; se utilizaron notas de campo y se analizó la información por medio de comparación constante, según el referente filosófico seleccionado. Resultados: el cuidado de enfermería en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en los centros de salud familiar se encuentra vinculado a todos los factores señalados en la Teoría de la Atención Burocrática, es decir, factores educativos, físicos, socioculturales, legales, tecnológicos, económicos y políticos. Conclusiones: por medio de la Teoría de la Atención Burocrática es posible describir la práctica del cuidado de enfermería en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Enfermería debe considerar los factores propios a la burocracia de toda organización, especialmente al momento de gestionar el cuidado en este tipo de pacientes.
Seroprevalencia en una zona de hiperendemia por dengue, en Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors: Tuesca-Molina Rafael de Jesús , Navarro-Lechuga Edgar , Goenaga-Jiménez Eloína del Carmen , Martínez-Garcés Juan Carlos , Acosta-Reyes Jorge
Published: February 2018

Objetivo: Estimar seroprevalencia de anticuerpos IgG e IgM para dengue y factores asociados. Método: estudio transversal, mediante la aplicación de encuesta y estimación serológica para IgG e IgM para dengue en mayores de 15 años con representabilidad por localidad y sexo. 478 sujetos encuestados en la ciudad de Barranquilla Colombia Análisis estadístico, mediante el programa SPSS®, versión 22. Se estimó la sero-prevalencia para el análisis univariado y el análisis bivariado mediante la odds ratio de proporciones con una p<0,05. Resultados: la seroprevalencia para IgG fue 88,2% (IC 95% =85,2-91,1) y para IgM de 11,8% (IC 95%= 8,80-14,75). Se encon- tró asociación estadística en edades de 30 a 49 y 50-69 años (OR=7,09 [2,6-19,3] y OR= 8,93 [2,9-27,0] respectivamente), pertenecer al régimen de salud subsidiado (OR=2,56[1,18-5,53]) y ocupación hogar (OR= 3,38[1,31-8,67]. Conclusiones: la alta seroprevalencia para IgG es explicada por la circulación de los cuatro serotipos en el país, los brotes epidémicos cada dos a tres años y los comportamientos y prácticas desfavorables relacionadas con el manejo de agua. Se requiere cambios de conducta frente al manejo de factores predisponen- tes, la atención oportuna de sintomáticos y vigilancia activa comunitaria e institucional ante casos sospechosos.
Essentials of Novel Inventory Management Systems
Authors: Goonatilake Rohitha , Maldonado Sofia C.
Published: February 2018

Keeping inventories adequately maintained to meet the demands of future sales or uses in business enterprises determines the extent of business’s success. Hence, a successful inventory management is necessary, in particular, guided by the formulating of deterministic, stochastic, and probabilistic models. This essentially describes optimal inventory policies in terms of when and how to replenish the inventory. In this paper, we discuss several basic considerations used in determining inventory models that address the needs of current manufacturing and business enterprises. Theories and essentials supported by the novel approaches are integrated to reflect the representation of many actual situations. Multi-product and multi-facility models are given additional consideration at the end.
Exploring Grade 3 Teachers’ Perspectives on the Acceptability and Efficacy of MindMasters 2
Authors: Santos Alexandre
Published: February 2018

MindMasters 2 is a curriculum resource designed to promote social and emotional skills, such as relaxation, positive thinking, and mindfulness. The purpose of this study was to assess teachers’ perspectives regarding MindMasters 2’s acceptability and efficacy in classrooms over a 3-month period, and obtain suggestions for future improvement. Six Grade-3 teachers took part in semi-structured interviews post-implementation, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Nine broad themes were identified, which are discussed in detail. Overall, teachers found MindMasters 2 acceptable in a classroom setting, and observed changes in children’s emotional regulation, focus in the classroom, and peer relationships. Teachers also noted children’s use of the resource outside of the classroom environment. Suggestions for improvement included more training opportunities, broader variety in activities, and the addition of a parent section. According to teachers’ perspectives, MindMasters 2 may be a useful resource when attempting to meet specific curriculum objectives.
The Intention of General Education in Taiwan’s Universities: To Cultivate the Holistic Person
Authors: Shih Yi-Huang , Hsu Jen-Pin , Ye Yan-Hong
Published: February 2018

The cultivation of the holistic person has always been a topic of concern for general education in Taiwan’s universities. Hopefully students can attain a more perfect human nature. So the question is how to practice general education to cultivate the holistic person. This is the focus of this article. After reading and analyzing related studies, the strategies for cultivating the holistic person we identified are as follows: (1) concern about students’ knowledge integration and moral manifestation, (2) cultivation of students’ human nature, (3) concern with students’ life experiences, and (4) general education is as important as professional education. Hopefully the discussion in this article will provide some ideas to help Taiwan's current general education practices, and allow us to realize the ideal of general education, i.e., the cultivation of the holistic person.
Typing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate from Healthcare Workers in Larestan, Iran
Authors: EBADİ Mehdi , ASHRAFİ Hossein
Published: February 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial
susceptibility and cassette chromosome typing in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated
from healthcare workers.

Methods:
230 nasal swabs were collected from healthcare workers of
three hospitals in Larestan, Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by
disk diffusion method according to CLSI guideline. The minimum Inhibitory
concentration (MIC) of vancomycin and screening test with methicillin were
measured by E-test and agar screen plate procedures. Cefoxitin disc diffusion
test was performed. MRSA isolates were selected and investigated for mecA gene and SCCmec typing by multiplex-PCR, then five methods were compared.

Results:
In total, 37 S.
aureus were isolated, 28 were defined as MRSA. Frequency of SCCmec types 9 SCCmec I, 8 SCCmec IV, 5 SCCmec II 4 SCCmec V 2 SCCmec III. In
this study, 75% of isolates were CA-MRSA,
25% were HA-MRSA. Evaluation of
antibiotic resistance showed the greatest resistance to penicillin and the
lowest resistance was observed to vancomycin and by E-test method 28.5% of
isolates were intermediate resistance to vancomycin. However, screening test
detected 92.8% resistance with oxacillin and 28 of isolates were resistant with
Cefoxitin disc diffusion. For these 28 isolates mecA was positive.

Conclusion:
As a result, in our S.
aureus isolates methicillin resistance was75.7%. The most frequent type was
SCCmec I. Our result showed high
rates of antibiotic resistance specially to methicillin in the S. aureus isolated hospitals that is a
serious warning to the treatment of infection caused by this bacterium. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 8(1):1-7

Keywords:
Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus, SCCmec, mecA
Correlation Between Programmed Death Receptor-1 Expression in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: del C. Monroig-Bosque Paloma , Driver Brandon , Morales-Rosado Joel A. , Deavers Michael , Tacha David , Bernicker Eric , Cagle Philip T. , Miller Ross A.
Published: February 2018

Context.—

The interaction between programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) on activated T cells sends an inhibitory signal that dampens the immune response. Tumors can express PD-L1 and evade the immune system. In advanced non–small cell lung carcinoma, expression of PD-1 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) correlates with PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TCs). However, this relationship has not been thoroughly explored in early disease.

Objective.—

To investigate the correlation of PD-1 and PD-L1 in non–small cell lung carcinoma tumor samples, with emphasis on stage I disease.

Design.—

Whole tissue sections from non–small cell lung carcinoma tumors were retrospectively evaluated by immunohistochemistry for PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. The scoring was based on the percentage of cells positive for PD-1 in TILs and PD-L1 in TCs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (ICs).

Results.—

Expression of PD-1 in TILs was observed in 147 of 161 non–small cell lung carcinoma cases (91%). The majority of cases negative for PD-1 also lacked PD-L1 in TCs. The 68 cases with highest PD-1 expression in TILs included 33 (49%) with expression of PD-L1 in TCs and ICs. Strong correlations were observed in patients with elevated PD-1 expression in TILs and PD-L1 in TCs (P = .01) and ICs (P = .003). Expression of PD-1 also correlated with increased PD-L1 in TCs and ICs when the 2 were grouped together (P < .001). Finally, stage I patients with negative PD-1 and PD-L1 expression showed trends toward increased disease-specific survival.

Conclusions.—

Expression of PD-1 in TILs correlates with PD-L1 expression in both TCs and ICs. Furthermore, negative expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 suggest trends toward disease-specific survival, even in early disease stages.
Field by any means necessary: Using technology in field education
Authors: Harrison Jennifer , Burns Kristen , Ongstad Erica
Published: February 2018

In many disciplines, the field experience is the culmination of learning, and the socialization of students into the profession. In social work education, the field experience is also the signature pedagogy, which brings theory to practice. To address the needs of a changing group of stakeholders, the School of Social Work began using multiple technology platforms including field web-based software, e-mail blasts, an e-learning platform, YouTube videos, revised web content, and Facebook page all combined to provide students, field instructors, and faculty with the information they need for field on a whenever, wherever, and however basis.En muchas disciplinas, la experiencia de prácticas es la culminación del aprendizaje, y la socialización de los estudiantes en la profesión. En el trabajo social educativo, la experiencia de prácticas es también la pedagogía primariamente, que lleva la teoría a la práctica. Para abordar las necesidades de un grupo cambiante de interesados, la Escuela de Trabajo Social comenzó a utilizar múltiples plataformas tecnológicas, incluyendo software de prácticas basado en web, tipos diferentes de correo electrónico, una plataforma de aprendizaje electrónico, videos de YouTube, contenido web revisado y página de Facebook. Todos estos recursos se combian para proporcionar a los estudiantes, instructores de prácticas, y la facultad, la información que necesitan en cualquier campo de intervención.
Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis Before and After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Study Based on SINO-NASAL OUTCOME TEST
Authors: Musavi Aghdas Mehrnoosh , Shahidi Nikzad , Sheikhzadeh Daryoush , Ebrahimzadeh Maryam
Published: February 2018

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases in the world. The high prevalence and chronicity of disease increasing burden of disease. Burden of this disease, productivity and the quality of life of patients decreased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on the quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.Method: This prospective study was performed on 59 patients suffering chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis referring to ENT clinic of educational hospital of Tabriz University of medical sciences during 2015 to 2017. These patients underwent Endoscopic Sinus Surgery as treatment. For all patients, SINO-NASAL OUTCOME (TEST) (SNOT-22) was completed before and twelve months after surgery.Results:  Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. 21 were female (35.6%) and 38 were male (64.40%). The mean age of the studied population was 40.88 ± 16.11 years. The mean score of the preoperative score was 59.38 ± 5.84 and the mean score of the postoperative score was 24.01 ± 10.48. The results of the statistical analysis showed that endoscopic surgery reduced The SNOT-22 questionnaire score is significant. (P < 0.000). The results of the test showed that the increase in preoperative score increases the gain after surgery. (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.419 and P: 0.001)Conclusion: Endoscopic sinus surgery seems to improve the symptoms and quality of Life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.