bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A machine learning-based prediction of hospital mortality in patients with postoperative sepsis
Authors: Yao Ren-qi , Jin Xin , Wang Guo-wei , Yu Yue , Wu Guo-sheng , Li Lin , Xia Zhao-fan , Ren Chao , Yao Yong-ming
Published: February 2020

Background: The incidence of postoperative sepsis is continually increased, while few studies have specifically focused on the risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with the development of sepsis after surgical procedures. The present study aimed to develop a mathematical model for predicting the in-hospital mortality among patients with postoperative sepsis.Methods: Surgical patients in Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database who simultaneously fulfilled Sepsis 3.0 as well as Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) criteria during ICU admission were incorporated. We employed both extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and stepwise logistic regression model to predict in-hospital mortality among included patients with postoperative sepsis. Consequently, model performance was assessed from the angles of discrimination and calibration.Results: We included 3713 patients who fulfilled our inclusion criteria, in which 397 (10.7%) patients died during hospitalization, while 3316 (89.3%) of them survived through discharge. Fluid-electrolyte disturbance, coagulopathy, renal replacement therapy (RRT), urine output, and cardiovascular surgery were important features related to the in-hospital mortality. The XGBoost model had a better performance in both discriminatory ability (c-statistics, 0.835 [95% CI, 0.786 to 0.877] vs. c-statistics, 0.737 [95% CI, 0.688 to 0.786]) and goodness of fit (visualized by calibration curve) compared to the stepwise logistic regression model. Conclusion: XGBoost model appears to be a better performance in predicting hospital mortality among postoperative septic patients compared to the conventional stepwise logistic regression model. Machine learning-based algorithm might have significant application in the development of early warning system for septic patients following major operations.
Treatment outcomes of severe acute malnutrition and Predictors of Recovery in Under-Five children treated within Outpatient Therapeutic Program in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bitew Zebenay Workneh Workneh , Alemu Ayinalem , Worku Teshager
Published: February 2020

Introduction Severe acute malnutrition affects around 17 million under-five children in the world, of which the highest burden is accounted by Sub-Saharan Africa where Ethiopia is found. Besides few individualized, inconsistent and inconclusive studies, there is no nationally representative study conducted on treatment outcomes of SAM in outpatient therapeutic feeding programs in Ethiopia. This study aimed at estimating the pooled treatment outcomes and predictors of recovery rate among under- five children with SAM in Ethiopia. Methods Both electronic databases (PubMed, Medline (EBSCOhost), EMBASE (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), web of science, Scopus, Science Direct and Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA)) and grey literature sources (Google scholar, Mednar, World Cat and google) were used to retrieve articles. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled treatment outcomes. Hazard ratios were used to determine the predictors of recovery rate. Cochran’s Q, I 2 , and univariate Meta regression were done for heterogeneity as well as Begg’s & Egger’s tests for publication bias. Results Nineteen articles with a total number of 23395 under-five children with SAM were used for this meta-analysis. The pooled recovery, death, defaulter and non-recovery rates were 70% (95% CI: 64.45, 75.72), 1.69% (95% CI: 1.06, 2.31), 9.7% (95%CI: 7, 12.4), 15.14% (95% CI: 10.11, 20.16), respectively. Diarrhea (HR=0.8, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.94), no edema (HR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.50) and amoxicillin (HR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.44) were independent predictors of recovery rate of children with SAM in Ethiopia. Publication year was found to be the potential source of heterogeneity among the included studies. Conclusion The treatment outcomes of children with SAM from outpatient therapeutic feeding programs of Ethiopia are lower than the sphere guidelines, WHO and national recommendations. Diarrhea and no edema antagonized the recovery rate of children while amoxicillin enhanced the recovery rate of children from SAM. Community health workers need to be trained. Especial attention should be given while treating children with diarrhea and severe wasting. Community mobilization is also recommended to increase community awareness about the therapeutic foods.
Egyptian Developmental Screening Test For Infants From Birth Up To 30 Months
Authors: Shafie Ali M. El , Omar Zein A.L. , Bashir Mai M. , mahmoud sorour fayez , Basma El-sayedamr M. , Bahbah Wael A.
Published: February 2020

Background: Detecting developmental delays in infants is an ongoing world commitment, especially for those below three years old. it provides appropriate services to them, early inspection enhances the communal quality of resolving difficult issues of this critical period of age. Thus, our main objective lies in developing a sufficient screening test for early evaluation of mental and motor development for infants.Methods: 54 items of motor and mental developmental milestones were adopted from the Baroda Screening Test. Then, researchers enrolled 1600 subjects based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. 97 pass level of developmental achievements resembles the threshold of which infants below which, infants are considered delayed.Results: The designed Egyptian Developmental Screening Tool (“EDST”) from birth up to 30 monthswith 50% and 97% pass level curves proves efficacy, reliability, cultural adaptability, and simplicity to use when compared with other peer screening tools. Results revealed a statistically significant difference between Egyptian and Baroda chart at 50% and 97% pass level. A z-score chart for motor and mental development follow up designed by calculating each age group.Conclusions: Developmental screening tests from birth up to 30 months proved consistent reliability and versatility to use in Egypt for early development delay detection. The wide variation of Egyptian infants 'developmental ages on both Egyptian and Baroda charts underpins the Egyptian chart to the Egyptian public. The z-score chart is a rapid and easy follow-up chart for Egyptian infants' development.
Smoking Cessation Counseling: Attitude in the Background of Poor Practice Compliance among Palestinian Primary Health Care Physicians: A cross sectional study
Authors: Maraqa Beesan , Nazzal Zaher , Jabareen Jurouh
Published: February 2020

Background: Health-care systems have primary responsibility for treating tobacco dependence. Despite its proven effectiveness, international studies have shown that provision of smoking cessation advice to patients in primary health care is suboptimal. This study aimed at assessing Palestinian PHC physicians' compliance and attitude towards smoking cessation counseling and their determinants.Methods: the study utilized a cross-sectional study design using a self-reported questionnaire targeted general practitioners, family medicine doctors, obstetrics & gynecologists and dentists working at PHC Centers in Palestine in the period between April to September,2019. Proportionate stratified random sampling method was used. Sociodemograpic, medical experience, if received any training in smoking cessation counseling, smoking history, practice compliance, knowledge, confidence and attitude were assessed. Results: 294 PHC physicians' participated in the study with high response rate. More than a half (53%) were between 31-45 years of age. Most of them (76.5%) were general practitioners seeing more than 30 patients per day (66%) and only 15% (n=40) get training about smoking cessation counseling. Practice compliance was low; only 39 (13.3%) reported compliance to smoking cessation practice. Attitude level among the participant physicians was good as the overall attitude score mean was 75.1 ± 9.6. Positive attitude, assigned as any score ≥65, was observed in 87.7% (n=258) of physicians. Job title, experience and knowledge are predictors of positive attitude towards smoking cessation counseling.Conclusion: Building supportive environment, improving physicians’ capabilities will reflect on their self-efficacy and their con­fidence level and will improve their practice in smoking cessation counseling.
Comparison of three different prophylactic treatments for postoperative nausea and vomiting after total joint arthroplasty under general anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Xie Jinwei , Cai Yingcun , Ma Jun , Huang Qiang , Zhou Zongke , Pei Fuxing
Published: February 2020

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after total joint arthroplasty is common and associated with delayed recovery. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of three different prophylactic regimens for PONV after total joint arthroplasty under general anesthesia.Methods: Patients undergoing primary total hip or knee arthroplasty were randomized to Group A (8 mg ondansetron), Group B (10 mg dexamethasone plus mosapride), or Group C (three doses of 10 mg dexamethasone plus mosapride). The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV. The secondary outcomes were complete response, rescue antiemetic treatment, opioid consumption, time until first defecation, postoperative appetite score, satisfaction score, length of hospital stay, blood glucose level, and complications.Results: Patients in Group C experienced a lower incidence of severe PONV (1.72%, p<0.001) and a higher incidence of complete response (70.69%, p=0.001) than did patients in Groups A and B. Moreover, less rescue antiemetic treatment and postoperative opioid consumption was needed in Group C (p<0.05). Additionally, a shorter time until first defecation, shorter length of stay, and better postoperative appetite scores and satisfaction scores were detected in patients in Group C. A slight increase in the fasting blood glucose level was observed in Group C, and the complications were comparable among the groups.Conclusion: Prophylactic use of mosapride and three doses of dexamethasone can provide better antiemetic effectiveness, postoperative appetite, bowel function recovery, and pain relief than a single dose or ondansetron only.
Financial System Stability and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: NJANG Isaac Ikeafe , OMINI Eko Eko , BEKUN Festus Victor , Adedoyin Festus Fatai
Published: February 2020

This study primarily seeks to evaluate the influence of financial system stability on economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2016. Employing the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), this study constructs a Financial System Stability Index (FSSI) as measurement for financial stability. The indicators used in building the index capture three sectors of the Nigerian Financial System (NFS). The three sectors cover the banking sector, the capital market, the external sector and include a fourth component representing financial depth. The resulting index serves as a single qualitative measure for evaluating the level of stability in a nation’s financial system and proves capable of warning of an eminent financial crisis. Employing the use of four macroeconomic indicators, the index is then regressed against the Nigerian economic growth rate with an aim of discovering the short-run and long-run dynamics existing between both variables. The granger causality test, Johansson Co-integration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) are the estimation techniques employed in achieving the objectives of this research. The granger causality test revealed a uni-directional causality between financial stability and economic growth in Nigeria. The Johansson Co-integration test showed that long-run co-integration relationship exists between financial stability and economic growth. Finally, the VECM results find that financial stability displays a negative relationship with economic growth and bears no significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. The findings disclose that financial stability in Nigeria may be high and has resulted in the underutilization of financial assets thus hampering sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. In conclusion, the outcome of the findings shows that while financial stability may be necessary for initiating economic growth, it is not sufficient for sustaining economic growth in Nigeria. This research work recommends that the FSSI be employed as an additional tool for measuring the condition/state of financial stability in Nigeria and in predicting the onset of a potential financial crisis. The study further recommends that financial authorities must give attention to other aspects of financial development to facilitate sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
HiCoP, a simple and robust method for detecting interactions of regulatory regions
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Zhaoqiang , Bian Shasha , Zhao Hao , Feng Delong , Chen Yanhong , Hou Yuhe , Liu Qifa , Hao Bingtao
Published: February 2020

Background: Chromatin physical interactions provides essential information for understanding the regulation of cis -elements like enhancers, promoters, and insulators in cell development and differentiation. The Hi-C assay is a technique detecting chromatin structures of the whole genome but not sensitive to interactions of regulatory elements. Several methods, like HiChIP, DNase-C, and OCEAN-C, have been developed for enriching interactions of regulatory regions, but all of them have some shortcomings. New simple, efficient, and robust methods are still in need of detecting interactions of regulatory regions. Results: We developed a new, simple, and robust assay called CoP ( Co lumn P urified chromatin) for profiling of open chromatin regions by directly purifying fragmentized crosslinked chromatin with a DNA purification column. The open chromatin regions, including active enhancers, promoters, and insulators, were significantly enriched in CoP chromatin. The CoP-seq assay can efficiently detect open chromatin regions, especially active promoters, with a high signal-to-noise ratio. We integrated the CoP-seq and Hi-C technique (Hi-CoP) for the detection of interactions of accessible chromatin regions, which represent active cis -regulatory elements in cells. We observed that the HiCoP captured the peaks in the promoters-associated enhancer regions, and the chromatin features identified by HiCoP were similar to HiChIP of histone H3K27 acetylation rather than Hi-C. HiCoP detected more promoter-enhancer (P-E), promoter-promoter (P-P), and enhancer-enhancer (E-E) interactions within 20kb-5Mb than Hi-C. Most of the loops identified by HiCoP were associated with the expressed genes. Conclusion: CoP assay can efficiently enrich open chromatin regions. When CoP assay was integrated with Hi-C assay, it provides a simple, robust, alternative technique for profiling accessible chromatin regions and chromatin conformation simultaneously.
Patient perceptions of Hepatitis C among those failing to pursue treatment: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to care
Authors: Sherbuk Jacqueline , Tabackman Alexa , McManus Kathleen A , Knick Terry , Flickinger Tabor E , Dillingham Rebecca
Published: February 2020

Background Most people diagnosed with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) have not linked to care. The patient perspective on decision-making regarding linkage to care (LTC) in the direct acting antivirals treatment era is limited. We assess perceptions that impacted the choice not to pursue care among non-urban patients in the South who failed to attend an HCV clinic appointment. Methods We conducted a demographic survey and semi-structured interview with participants referred to our HCV clinic between 2014 and 2018 who did not attend an appointment. Data collection and analyses were guided by the Health Belief Model. Results Twelve participants enrolled, including 7 men and 5 women. Barriers to care were common including being uninsured (33%), having unreliable transportation (42%), unstable housing (33%), and a history of substance use disorder requiring treatment (58%). Participants demonstrated good knowledge of HCV disease, complications, and treatment. Emerging themes regarding failure of LTC included: (1) ambivalence due to uncertainty regarding the impact of HCV on one’s own health, (2) logistical barriers such as financial concerns, lack of insurance, transportation, scheduling conflicts, (3) prior negative experiences with HCV care resulting in hesitance to seek care, (4) stigma, and (5) patient-provider relationships as a barrier when the relationship is poor and a facilitator when good. Conclusions A strong HCV knowledge base was not sufficient for participants to seek care. Strategies to increase treatment uptake by changing patient perceptions include addressing the uncertainty of how HCV impacts one’s health, acknowledging challenges with HCV treatment in the past, eliminating stigma in health care settings, and promoting education regarding treatment ease and availability. Expanding access to Medicaid may overcome perceived financial barriers. Providing HCV care in settings with an established patient-provider relationship may increase treatment uptake.
Medical cannabis use in the Australian community following introduction of legal access: The 2018-2019 Online Cross-Sectional Cannabis as Medicine Survey (CAMS-18)
Authors: Lintzeris Nicholas , Mills Llewellyn , Suraev Anastasia , Bravo Maria , Arkell Thomas , Arnold Jonathon C , Benson Melissa J , McGregor Iain S
Published: February 2020

Background : In 2016 the Australian federal government passed legislation enabling a range of cannabis-based products to be prescribed to patients by registered healthcare professionals. An online survey conducted immediately prior to these legislative changes found that the vast majority of respondents at the time were illicitly sourcing cannabis plant matter, smoking was the preferred route of administration, and mental health, chronic pain, and sleep conditions were the most frequently cited reasons for medical cannabis use. This manuscript reports the results of a follow-up survey conducted in 2018-2019, the Cannabis As Medicine Survey (CAMS-18). The goal of this second questionnaire was to examine patterns of use and consumer perspectives regarding medical cannabis use in Australia, two years after the introduction of legal access pathways. Methods : Anonymous online cross-sectional survey with convenience sample, recruited mainly through online media between September 2018 and March 2019. Participants were adults (18 years or over) residing in Australia who reported using a cannabis product for self-identified therapeutic reasons during the preceding 12 months. The survey measured consumer characteristics; indications and patterns of medical cannabis use; routes and frequency of administration; perceived benefits and harms; experiences and preferred models of access to medical cannabis. Results : Data were available for 1388 respondents. The main categories of condition being treated with medical cannabis were pain (36.4%), mental health (32.8%), sleep (9.2%), neurological (5.2%) and cancer (3.8%). Respondents reported using medical cannabis on 15.8 (11.2) days in the past 28, by inhaled (71.4%) or oral (26.5%) routes and spending AUD$82.27 ($101.27) per week. There were high levels of self-reported effectiveness, but also high rates of side effects. There was uncertainty regarding the composition of illicit cannabinoid products and concerns regarding their possible contamination. Few respondents (2.7%) had accessed legally prescribed medical cannabis, with the main perceived barriers being cost, dis-interest from the medical profession, and stigma regarding cannabis use. Conclusions : Chronic pain, mental health and sleep remain the main clinical conditions for which consumers report using medical cannabis. Despite two years of legal availability, most consumers in Australia reported accessing illicit cannabis products, with uncertainty regarding the quality or composition of cannabis products.
Bathymetry Mapping using Landsat ETM+ Data and Field Measurements for West Coast of Yemen
Authors: El-Hattab Mamdouh , Almogamal Waddah
Published: February 2020

The bathymetry of coastal waters in the Red Sea coastal water is of the vital importance for shipping safety because of presence of navigational hazards. We used remote sensing data from Landsat-7 (ETM+) for bathymetric mapping in Al-Luhaia port, Western Yemen. We used a global positioning system to locate the accurate sampling points for sea depth. An echo sounder was used to collect sea depth information. We examined suitability of wavelength bands for bathymetry. This paper puts forward a method to extract water depth information from multispectral data Landsat-7 (ETM+). We applied simple linear regression to relate field measured water depths to pixel brightness values in the blue band of Landsat-7 (ETM+) multispectral imagery that had been corrected to at-satellite reflectance using published calibration coefficients. The regression relationship at the clear shallow water site was accurate (R2 = 94.40% band 1) for water depths in the range 2 to 9m. The regression analysis offered by the model has been verified using data from 1500 points (depths) that were not used in model generation, were used for testing the validity. This validation test model offered a very good correlation coefficient, 0.9385. We made a comparison between actual depth measured by hydrographic echo sounder during the field measurement and the estimated depth derived from satellite images to establish the margins of error in the estimates. A mean of error of 4.08%, with an accuracy of 95.92% was found.
Developing a surface water resources allocation model under risk conditions with a multi-objective optimization approach
Authors: Aalami Mohammad Taghi , Nourani Vahid , Fazaeli Hamid
Published: February 2020

One of the major socioeconomic and global sustainability issues is water scarcity, which imperils human survival and regional development. The current study aims to develop a model for allocating water resources more efficiently and equitably. In this regard, a multi-objective programming approach was developed with the first objective of equality of water resource allocation to be maximized, and the second objective of risk to be minimized. The risk considered in this study was the economic efficiency loss risk. For the annual water allocation model, the fluctuation in available water within the river basin is the main source of uncertainty and can result in the corresponding risk of economic efficiency loss. Thus, it is essential to manage the economic efficiency loss risk resulting from uncertainty. To solve the model, the compromise programming (CP) method was used. A sustainability index was also employed to determine the objective function weights. The developed model was applied to the Givi River basin in Iran. From the results, it was found that using the sustainability index is a suitable strategy in the CP method for determining the objective function weights. The results showed that the proposed model can be helpful in water management to allocate water resources.
Features of Attitude Towards Nature in Young School-Age Children With Mild Intellectual Disability
Authors: Zotina Mariia Aleksandrovna , Gorbunova Olesia Fedorovna
Published: February 2020

In this article, the results of a study concerning the features of attitude towards nature in young school-aged children diagnosed with mild mental disability are presented. In conclusion, the authors note an insufficient development of the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components of attitude towards nature in this category of children.
PRAWO WŁAŚCIWE DLA ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI ZA SZKODĘ SPOWODOWANĄ PRZEZ WYPADKI DROGOWE Z UDZIAŁEM AUTONOMICZNYCH POJAZDóW
Authors: Świerczyński Marek , Żarnowiec Łukasz
Published: February 2020

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy odpowiedzialności za szkodę spowodowaną przez wypadki drogowe z udziałem autonomicznych pojazdów. Przedmiotem analizy i krytyki jest regulacja kolizyjnoprawna przyjęta w rozporządzeniu Rzym II oraz obu konwencjach haskich z 1971 i 1973 r. Badane aspekty obejmują klasyfikację szkód i odpowiedzialnych podmiotów. Po zbadaniu tych aktów prawnych staje się jasne, że istniejący model kolizyjno prawny jest bardzo złożony i skomplikowany. W rezultacie autorzy przedstawiają możliwe zmiany w przepisach kolizyjnych, mając na uwadze potrzebę ochrony osoby poszkodowanej. Pozwoli to na bardziej indywidualne rozpatrzenie danego przypadku i może doprowadzić do lepszego rozstrzygnięcia sporów. Wyniki mogą być przydatne dla oceny algorytmów sztucznej inteligencji w prawie prywatnym międzynarodowym.
NAJCIĘŻSZE PRZESTĘPSTWA SZARIATU (‘HUDUD’) W ŚWIETLE UWAG ZAWARTYCH W KLASYCZNYM PODRĘCZNIKU ‘UMDAT AL-SALIK’ AL-MISRIEGO
Authors: Kubiak Przemysław
Published: February 2020

Do źródeł poznania szariatu, oprócz Koranu oraz tekstów sunny, należą również dzieła jurysprudencji islamskiej. Umdat al-Salik jest podręcznikiem tego świętego prawa napisanym w XIV wieku n.e. przez Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misriego i jest jednym z najbardziej godnych zaufania dzieł szafickiej szkoły prawniczej. Jego tłumaczenie na język angielski dokonane przez N.H.M. Kellera zostało uznane przez autorytety świata muzułmańskiego za dzieło wartościowe i wiarygodne. Uzyskało również akceptację rządów kilku państw muzułmańskich. Podręcznik ten zawiera między innymi opis szczegółowych regulacji dotyczących najpoważniejszych przestępstw prawa islamskiego - hudud. Bezpośrednio godzą one w islam oraz całą społeczność muzułmańską, a karane są z mocy boskiego nakazu. Źródłem ich penalizacji każdorazowo musi być Koran lub sunna. W ich wypadku sędzia nie ma swobody w zakresie wymiaru kary, stwierdza jedynie winę oskarżonego, a sankcja karna jest sztywno określona w źródłach i nie można jej zmienić. Zaliczyć można do nich: cudzołóstwo (zina), oskarżenie o cudzołóstwo bez wymaganych zeznań świadków (qadhf), kradzież (sariqa), rozbój (hirabah albo tariq), picie alkoholu (khamr), bunt przeciw kalifowi (baghy) oraz apostazję (riddah).
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 is Regulated by LOX-1 and erk1/2 Pathway in Dental Peri-Implantitis
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xu Haitao , Bai Na , Tan Fei , Xu Huirong , Liu Jie
Published: February 2020

Background and Objective:

Dental peri-implantitis, which can be caused by several different
microbial factors, is characterized by inflammatory lesions of the surrounding hard and soft tissues
of an oral implant. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis
of peri-implantitis. However, the regulatory mechanism of MMP9 in peri-implantitis has not been fully
elucidated. In this study, we tried to evaluate the regulatory mechanism of MMP9 in peri-implantitis.

Methods:

We collected Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid (PICF) from ten healthy implants and ten periimplantitis
patients and compared their expression level of MMP9. We also cultured macrophages from
the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers infected by Porphyromonas gingivalis to reveal the regulatory
mechanism of MMP9 in peri-implantitis. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and quantitative
Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) were used to better characterize the mechanism of MMP9.

Results:

The expression of MMP9 was up-regulated in peri-implantitis patient PICF and P. gingivalis
infected human macrophages. LOX-1, not dectin-1, was found to mediate MMP9 expression in human
macrophages with P. gingivalis infection. Expression of Erk1/2 was responsible for infection-induced
MMP9 expression. Finally, use of a broad-spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor impaired LOX-1 expression
in infected macrophages.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrate that MMP9 is involved in dental peri-implantitis and is regulated
by LOX-1 and Erk1/2. This LOX-1/MMP9 signaling pathway may represent a potential drug target for
peri-implantitis.
The Role of Microglia in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and their Therapeutics
Authors: Coomey Rachel , Stowell Rianne , Majewska Ania , Tropea Daniela
Published: February 2020

The development of new therapeutics is critically dependent on an understanding of the molecular
pathways, the disruption of which results in neurological symptoms. Genetic and biomarker
studies have highlighted immune signalling as a pathway that is impaired in patients with neurodevelopmental
disorders (NDDs), and several studies on animal models of aberrant neurodevelopment have
implicated microglia, the brain’s immune cells, in the pathology of these diseases. Despite the increasing
awareness of the role of immune responses and inflammation in the pathophysiology of NDDs, the
testing of new drugs rarely considers their effects in microglia. In this brief review, we present evidence
of how the study of microglia can be critical for understanding the mechanisms of action of candidate
drugs for NDDs and for increasing their therapeutic effect.
UCAEE: Uniform Clustering Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Babber Karuna
Published: February 2020

Background:

The advent of wireless sensor networks makes it possible to track the
events even in the remotest areas that too without human intervention. But severe resource constraints,
generally energy of sensor nodes push researchers worldwide to develop energy efficient
protocols in order to accomplish the application objectives of these networks.

Objective:

However, till date there is no energy efficient routing protocol which provides uniformity with maximum resource utilization for WSNs.

Methods:

In this paper, a Uniform Clustering Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (UCAEE) has been proposed. UCAEE is a base station controlled algorithm where entire sensing area is partitioned into uniform clusters. The motive of the algorithm is to split the sensing area into uniform clusters and to select cluster heads and gate-way nodes within each cluster so that the network energy can be balanced in a best possible way.

Results:

Simulation results indicate that proposed UCAEE algorithm conserves more energy than its contemporary clustering algorithms like LEACH, PEGASIS and SECA and promises better network lifetime of wireless sensor networks.

Conclusion:

UCAEE achieves minimum energy consumption during data transmission and reception.
Recent Patents on Thin Coal Seam Mining Equipment
Authors: Wang Yanxiang , Yang Daolong , Xing Bangsheng , Zhao Tingting , Sun Zhiyi , Huang Qianqian , Li Qian
Published: February 2020

Background::

China's thin and extremely thin coal seam resources are widely distributed and
rich in reserves. These coal seams account for 20% of the recoverable reserves, with 9.83 billion tons of
industrial reserves and 6.15 billion tons of recoverable reserves.

Objective:

Due to the complex geological conditions of the thin coal seam, the plow mining method
cannot be effectively popularized, and the drum mining method is difficult to be popularized and applied
in small and medium-sized coal mines, so it is necessary to find other more advantageous alternative
mining methods.

Methods:

The equipment integrates mining operations, conveying operations, and supporting operations,
and is suitable for mining short and extremely thin coal seam with a height of 0.35m-0.8m and
width of 2m-20m. It has the advantages of the low body of the shearer, no additional support on the
working face, and small underground space. The mining efficiency of thin coal seam and very thin coal
seam can be improved and the mining cost can be reduced.

Results:

Thin coal seam shear mining combines mining, conveying, and supporting processes together
and has the advantages of a low fuselage, no extra support required for the working face, and feasibility
in a small underground space.

Conclusion:

The summarized mining method can improve the mining efficiency of thin and extremely
thin coal seams, reduce mining costs, and incorporate green mining practices, which take both mining
economy and safety into account.
A Systematic Review on Various Reversible Data Hiding Techniques in Digital Images
Authors: Vaish Ankita , Jayswal Shweta
Published: February 2020

:

Nowadays, Internet has become essential for living and running businesses smoothly; it
has made things simpler like online transaction, online shopping, sharing images, videos, audios,
messages on social media, uploading some important information on Google drives, etc. So the
very first requirement is to secure and protect digital contents from any unauthorized access. Reversible
Data Hiding (RDH) is one of the ways to provide security in digital content, through which
useful information can be embedded in the digital content, and at the receiver’s end, the complete
recovery of cover media as well as the embedded message is possible. In this digital era, digital images
are most rapidly used for communication purposes; therefore, the security of digital images is
in high demand. RDH in digital images has gained a lot of interest during the last few decades. This
paper describes and investigates a systematic review on various RDH techniques for digital images,
which can be broadly classified into five categories: Lossless Compression Based, Histogram Modification
Based, Difference Expansion Based, Interpolation Based and Encrypted image Based
techniques.
16 MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN POP-UP BOX SIMULASI MYOB ACCOUNTING PADA MATA PELAJARAN KOMPUTER AKUNTANSI
Authors: Anggraeni Denisa Nugrah , Sukirno Sukirno
Published: February 2020

Media dalam pembelajaran dinilai penting untuk menarik perhatian siswa dalam memahami isi pelajaran yang berkaitan dengan makna visual. Penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran ini bertujuan untuk mengembangan media pembelajaran Pop-up Box Simulasi MYOB Accounting pada mata pelajaran komputer akuntansi untuk siswa kelas XII Akuntansi 1 SMK Negeri 1 Bawang Banjarnegara, menghasilkan media pembelajaran Pop-up Box Simulasi MYOB Accounting pada mata pelajaran komputer akuntansi yang layak berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, ahli media, dan praktisi pembelajaran akuntansi, serta mengetahui penilaian siswa terhadap media pembelajaran Pop-up Box Simulasi MYOB Accounting. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran Pop-up Box Simulasi MYOB Accounting dikembangkan melalui 5 tahapan yaitu analysis, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation. Media Pop-up Box Simulasi MYOB Accounting layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran berdasarkan penilaian dari ahli materi diperoleh persentase kualitas kelayakan media sebesar 90,53% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak, ahli media diperoleh persentase kualitas kelayakan media sebesar 91,25% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak, dan praktisi pembelajaran akuntansi diperoleh persentase kualitas kelayakan media sebesar 83,81% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak. Selanjutnya untuk penilaian siswa kelas XII Akuntansi 1 diperoleh persentase kualitas kelayakan media sebesar 94,67% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak.Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Komputer Akuntansi, ADDIE, Pop-up Box, MYOB Accounting.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN TEMAN SEBAYA, LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA, DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR AKUNTANSI SISWA KELAS XII IPS SMA NEGERI 1 SEWON TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Wati Fitri Asoka , Isroah Isroah
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh Lingkungan Teman Sebaya terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA N 1 Sewon Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. 2) Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA N 1 Sewon Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. 3) Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA N 1 Sewon Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019, dan 4) Pengaruh Lingkungan Teman Sebaya, Lingkungan Keluarga, dan Motivasi Belajar secara bersama-sama terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA N 1 Sewon Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex post facto. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket dan dokumentasi. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh Siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri 1 Sewon Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019, yaitu 107 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling, yaitu sejumlah 83 siswa. Uji prasyarat analisis yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, uji linieritas, dan uji multikolinearitas. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi sederhana dan analisis regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Lingkungan Teman Sebaya terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA N 1 Sewon Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 dengan nilai rx1y 0,423; r2x1y 0,179; thitung 4,200 ttabel 1,664. 2) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Lingkungan Keluarga terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA N 1 Sewon Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 dengan nilai rx2y 0,354; r2x2y 0,125; thitung 3,406 ttabel 1,664. 3) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Motivasi Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA N 1 Sewon Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 dengan nilai rx3y 0,396; r2x3y 0,157; thitung 3,884 ttabel 1,664. 4) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Lingkungan Teman Sebaya, Lingkungan Keluarga, dan Motivasi Belajar secara bersama-sama terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA N 1 Sewon Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 dengan nilai Ry(1,2,3) 0,443; R2y(1,2,3) 0,196; Fhitung 6,432 Ftabel 2,72.Kata kunci: Lingkungan Teman Sebaya, Lingkungan Keluarga, Motivasi Belajar, Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi
Disaster eHealth: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Madanian Samaneh , Norris Tony , Parry Dave
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Although both disaster management and disaster medicine have been used for decades, their efficiency and effectiveness have been far from perfect. One reason could be the lack of systematic utilization of modern technologies, such as eHealth, in their operations. To address this issue, researchers’ efforts have led to the emergence of the disaster eHealth (DEH) field. DEH’s main objective is to systematically integrate eHealth technologies for health care purposes within the disaster management cycle (DMC).

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify, map, and define the scope of DEH as a new area of research at the intersection of disaster management, emergency medicine, and eHealth.

METHODS

An extensive scoping review using published materials was carried out in the areas of disaster management, disaster medicine, and eHealth to identify the scope of DEH. This review procedure was iterative and conducted in multiple scientific databases in 2 rounds, one using controlled indexed terms and the other using similar uncontrolled terms. In both rounds, the publications ranged from 1990 to 2016, and all the appropriate research studies discovered were considered, regardless of their research design, methodology, and quality. Information extracted from both rounds was thematically analyzed to define the DEH scope, and the results were evaluated by the field experts through a Delphi method.

RESULTS

In both rounds of the research, searching for eHealth applications within DMC yielded 404 relevant studies that showed eHealth applications in different disaster types and disaster phases. These applications varied with respect to the eHealth technology types, functions, services, and stakeholders. The results led to the identification of the scope of DEH, including eHealth technologies and their applications, services, and future developments that are applicable to disasters as well as to related stakeholders. Reference to the elements of the DEH scope indicates what, when, and how current eHealth technologies can be used in the DMC.

CONCLUSIONS

Comprehensive data gathering from multiple databases offered a grounded method to define the DEH scope. This scope comprises concepts related to DEH and the boundaries that define it. The scope identifies the eHealth technologies relevant to DEH and the functions and services that can be provided by these technologies. In addition, the scope tells us which groups can use the provided services and functions and in which disaster types or phases. DEH approaches could potentially improve the response to health care demands before, during, and after disasters. DEH takes advantage of eHealth technologies to facilitate DMC tasks and activities, enhance their efficiency and effectiveness, and enhance health care delivery and provide more quality health care services to the wider population regardless of their geographical location or even disaster types and phases.
Repetitive DNA sequences accelerate molecular cytogenetic research in plants with small chromosomes
Authors: Setiawan Agus Budi , Wibowo Ari , Teo Chee How , Kikuchi Shinji , Koba Takato
Published: February 2020

Repetitive DNA sequences are highly abundant in plant genomes and are favorable probes for chromosome identification in plants. However, it is difficult to conduct studies on the details of metaphase chromosome structures in plants with small chromosomes due to their highly condensed status. Therefore, identification of homologous chromosomes for karyotyping and analyzing chromosome structures is a challenging issue for cytogeneticists without specific probes and precise chromosome stages. In this study, five repetitive DNA probes, i.e., 5S and 45S ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs), melon centromeric sequence (Cmcent), cucumber subtelomeric sequence (Type I), and microsatellite (CT)10 repeats, were used to identify primary constrictions and homologous chromosomes for karyotyping. Four and two loci of 45S rDNA were respectively observed on metaphase and pachytene chromosomes of Abelia × grandiflora. Cmcent was detected on both primary constrictions of melon pachytene and metaphase chromosomes. Furthermore, one pair of 5S rDNA signals were hybridized on melon metaphase chromosomes. Eight and two loci of 45S and 5S rDNA were respectively detected on cucumber chromosomes. Type I and (CT)10 probes were specifically hybridized on subtelomeric and interstitial regions on the chromosomes, respectively. These results suggest that repetitive DNA sequences are versatile probes for chromosome identification in plants with small chromosomes, particularly for karyotyping analyses.
Многослойные кремниевые наноструктуры как микромощные источники энергии
Authors: Грибов Б.Г. , Зиновьев К.В. , Калашник О.Н. , Дорофеев С.Г. , Кононов Н.Н. , Герасименко Н.Н. , Смирнов Д.И. , Суханов В.Н. , Суханова Л.С. , Четвериков В.А. , Шереметова М.А.
Published: February 2020

Изучены многослойные структуры металл/кремний/металл на основе наночастиц кремния. Изучена способность генерировать электроэнергию за счет взаимодействия нанокремния и воды, находящейся в атмосфере. Показана перспектива использования таких наноструктур как элементарной ячейки микромощных батарей.
ФемтоСкан в Тегеране
Authors: Яминский И.В. , Ахметова А.И. , Мешков Г.Б. , Салехи Ф.
Published: February 2020

Приведены результаты сотрудничества ученых МГУ и Технологического университета имени Шарифа (Тегеран, Иран). Проведен мастер-класс в Тегеране для студентов, аспирантов и научных сотрудников. Методом сканирующей зондовой микроскопии исследованы образцы оксида графена и тонких пленок оксида железа в рамках проекта "Инициация локальных химических реакций в осажденных тонких пленках с использованием сканирующей зондовой микроскопии".
Семинар компании Eurointech собирает ведущих производителей и дистрибьюторов высокотехнологического оборудования
Authors: Алёшин А.Н.
Published: February 2020

Ежегодно компания Евроинтех проводит семинары для сотрудников российских предприятий, желающих получить информацию о современных технологиях, а также представителей компаний – производителей высокотехнологического оборудования. Компания Евроинтех известна в России как поставщик технологического оборудования для производства электроники и микроэлектроники, оборудования СВЧ и ПО для проектирования и создания печатных плат и электронных устройств, включая МЭМС. Евроинтех презентует свои решения, описывает их преимущества по сравнению с конкурирующими производителями, представляет планы и перспективы развития.
Феликс Хольцнер представляет компанию Swisslitho
Authors: Алёшин А.Н.
Published: February 2020

SwissLitho – молодая высокотехнологичная компания, которая стремится изменить способ производства наноструктур. Их уникальные инструменты, получившие название NanoFrazor, появились в проектеMillipede от IBM Research Zurich. В запатентованной технологии используются горячие кремниевые наконечники для формирования рисунка и визуализации произвольных наноструктур в высоком разрешении. NanoFrazor открывает новые возможности в нанопроизводстве и нанотехнологиях.
Картирование механических свойств как метод диагностирования включений в сложных многофазных минералах
Authors: Кравчук К.С. , Усейнов А.С. , Лактионов И.В. , Федоткин А.П.
Published: February 2020

Продемонстрирован метод картирования механических свойств, являющийся наглядным инструментом визуализации распределения свойств неоднородных, многофазных материалов. Показана возможность построения многослойных интерактивных карт и анализа распределения свойств материалов.
Сканирующая зондовая микроскопия 2D наноразмерных структур для энергонакопителей и катализаторов
Authors: Яминский И.В. , Ахметова А.И. , Мешков Г.Б. , Оленин А.В.
Published: February 2020

В рамках работ по модификации строения и определения физико-химических и электрофизических характеристик 2D наноразмерных структур проведено исследование их проводимости. Получены данные об электрической проводимости структур TiS3 на поверхности оксида кремния. Измерены проводимости графена и графита методом СРМ. Данные получены с помощью СЗМ ФемтоСкан.
Мониторинг техногенного засорения космического пространства. Проблемы и решения.
Authors: Макаров Ю.Н.
Published: February 2020

Аналитический обзор современной проблематики мониторинга засорения околоземного космического пространства составлен по материалам официальных докладов автора на Восточном экономическом форуме (г. Владивосток) в 2016 и 2017 годах, на заседаниях Президиума РАН 15 января 2019 года и Совета РАН по космосу 11 мая 2018 года (г. Москва) по различным аспектам устойчивого развития космической деятельности: снижению техногенного засорения космического пространства, мониторингу природной и техногенной обстановки в околоземном космическом пространстве (ОКП), противодействию космическим угрозам, в том числе связанным с техногенным засорением космического пространства.
Модификация эпоксидного композиционного материала биогенным кремнеземом
Authors: Щербакова Т.П. , Васенева И.Н.
Published: February 2020

Методом окислительного озоления и щелочной экстракции получены образцы биогенного кремнезема (SiO2) c содержанием целевого компонента 76,4 -99,9%. Исследовано их влияние на теплостойкость и механическую прочность композиционного материала на основе эпоксидного олигомера ЭД-20, отвержденного изо-метилтетрагидрофталевым (изо-МТГФА) ангидридом.
Trayectorias personales de aprendizaje y currículo flexible: La perspectiva de los estudiantes universitarios de psicología
Authors: Díaz-Barriga Arceo Frida , López-Ramírez José-Luis , López-Banda Edmundo-Antonio
Published: February 2020

El objetivo del estudio es desvelar el proceso de construcción de trayectorias personales de aprendizaje y la perspectiva estudiantil respecto al currículo flexible. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa fenomenológica y se entrevistó a 20 estudiantes y egresados de una licenciatura en psicología. Los resultados evidencian que los estudiantes se inclinan por un currículo flexible que les permita preespecializarse conforme a sus intereses respecto a diversos campos de intervención y paradigmas disciplinares de su preferencia. Rechazan trayectorias preestablecidas y obligatorias que desde su perspectiva trastocan su plan de carrera.