bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação superior em retalhos e o grande pacto pela mercantilização do ensino
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Roberto Cardoso , Abdounur Oscar João
Published: September 2020

O presente ensaio teórico pretende trazer uma discussão sobre os principais aspectos da manutenção e expansão da educação superior no Brasil. Dessa forma, dividimos nosso estudo em dois segmentos, além da introdução e considerações finais: (i) a expansão da educação superior e a parceria público-privada, na qual tratamos da reforma educacional pós Constituição de 1988, a renúncia fiscal para a manutenção das instituições privadas que deu origem ao Programa Universidade Para Todos e o mecanismo de financeirização da educação superior; (ii) a expansão das instituições federais de educação superior e novos modelos de formação, apontando os objetivos e princípios do Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais, investimentos feitos no período de expansão e a criação de novos modelos de curso ligados a novas formas de organização do trabalho. Por fim, consideramos o histórico de suplantação de políticas de educação superior e o ensino como integrante do pacto de mundialização do capital em uma discussão que ainda está aquém de oferecer quaisquer soluções para a estruturação de políticas públicas educacionais ou direcionar os caminhos paras as parceria público-privadas em educação, porém, com a intenção de estabelecer o pano de fundo e acender as luzes para que tais caminhos e direções sejam pensados e posteriormente construídos.
Wisdom Begins with Awe
Authors: Ossewaarde-Lowtoo Roshnee
Published: September 2020

In the present essay, wisdom is conceived as the basic knowledge that underpins all forms of humanising knowledge and the striving for justice. The idea of wisdom as indispensable to all human endeavours is one that can be found in the works of Plato and Cicero. In ancient writings, we also see that wisdom is traditionally opposed to hubris. Hence, following Gabriel Marcel, the quest for wisdom can be regarded as an antidote to practical anthropomorphism. Consequently, I argue that the quest for wisdom depends on an anti-hubris attitude, namely, piety or reverence. The fear of the gods, which is recommended by ancient poets and philosophers, is here considered as encouraging that piety and hence the love of wisdom. I distinguish between piety and traditionalism and show that the latter is hostile to awe and wisdom. I also briefly address the tension between traditions and philosophy and suggest that the dilemma can be resolved by critical alertness and by putting the insights of religious traditions on par with the wisdom of literature and poetry. The quest for wisdom, I argue, is fostered and hindered by particular cultural contexts. Ours today is more hostile to such quest.
Philosophy and the Love of Wisdom
Authors: Sweet William
Published: September 2020

This paper takes up some themes in Peter Jonkers’s essay, ‘Philosophy and Wisdom’, but discusses, more specifically, philosophy as ‘love of wisdom’. After a short summary of what is commonly understood by wisdom, why people value wisdom, and how one may acquire wisdom, I briefly note why the philosophy that we generally encounter today has seemed, to some, to be disconnected from wisdom and the love of wisdom. I argue that, if we are more attentive to the role of love in philosophy and to texts, frequently marginalized, that reflect a ‘sapiential philosophy’, philosophy can again be ‘love of wisdom’.
Intimations of a Perennial Wisdom
Authors: Laude Patrick
Published: September 2020

This essay sketches some of the main characteristics of a perennial and cross-civilizational concept of wisdom. It argues that the latter is based upon a strong and deep sense of transcendence and upon the discernment that flows from it. This essay highlights the ways in which this discriminative wisdom does not amount to any form of dualism, but, on the contrary, leads its proponents and practitioners to an all-encompassing experience of anthropocosmic harmony and metaphysical unity. Taking stock of Asian wisdom traditions such as Advaita Vedānta and Zen Buddhism this paper also stresses the intimate connection between wisdom and objectivity; hence the ideal of a full attentiveness to reality in its irreducible suchness. Finally the essay broaches wisdom’s power of intellectual and spiritual displacement as a means of realizing the aforementioned objectivity. The final section discusses the circumstantial and ontological reasons for wisdom’s concealment, and the ways in which sagely expressions must be adjusted to a wide spectrum of human limitations.
Método de muestreo angular para el inventario de plantaciones forestales de teca (Tectona grandis L. f.)
Authors: Mora-Espinoza Javier A. , Peñalver-Romeo Alberto , Aguilar-Torres Fernando J. , Rivas-Barzola José R. , Triana-Tomalá Ángel
Published: September 2020

Introducción: El muestreo mediante parcelas de superficie fija es la práctica usual en inventarios forestales, a pesar del tiempo considerable de trabajo. Un método alternativo de muestreo es el conteo angular o método de Bitterlich.Objetivo: Evaluar la precisión y eficiencia del método de muestreo angular para la determinación de variables dasométricas en plantaciones de teca (Tectona grandis L. f.).Materiales y métodos: En una plantación de teca de tres años se establecieron 21 parcelas circulares de 500 m2 . En cada parcela se determinó el diámetro a la altura del pecho, la altura y posición de cada árbol, los tiempos de trabajo, el número de árboles por hectárea, diámetro de área basal media, área basal total, altura promedio de Lorey y volumen total. El muestreo angular se simuló utilizando factores de área basimétrica (FAB) de 0.5, 1, 1.5 y 2. Las estimaciones de las variables para cada FAB y parcelas de área fija se contrastaron mediante ANOVA y se determinó la eficiencia relativa.Resultados y discusión: El ANOVA no detectó diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) en la estimación de variables dasométricas entre tipos de muestreo, lo cual demuestra que el método angular es preciso. La parcela de área y forma fijas requirió más tiempo de trabajo (P < 0.05). La eficiencia relativa del método angular fue entre 4.5 y 11 veces mayor que la de parcela de área fija. El FAB idóneo en plantaciones jóvenes de teca fue igual a dos.Conclusiones: El conteo angular es preciso y más eficiente para la estimación de variables dasométricas en plantaciones jóvenes de teca.
Potencial dendrogeomorfológico de Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson para la reconstrucción de avenidas torrenciales en Los Picos de Davis, Coahuila
Authors: Sánchez-Asunción Wendi , Cerano-Paredes Julián , Franco-Ramos Osvaldo , Cornejo-Oviedo Eladio , Villanueva-Díaz José , Flores-López Celestino , Garza-Martínez Miguel
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Los procesos geomorfológicos, como las avenidas torrenciales, afectan el crecimiento natural de los árboles. A partir del fechado de disturbios en los anillos de crecimiento, se reconstruyen eventos históricos útiles para la prevención y mitigación de peligros naturales.Objetivos: Determinar el potencial dendrogeomorfológico de Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson para fechar y reconstruir avenidas torrenciales en Los Picos de Davis, Coahuila. Materiales y métodos: Se colectaron muestras de 19 árboles muertos y vivos con evidencia de disturbios (cicatrices de impacto, supresión en crecimiento y madera de compresión). Las muestras se prepararon, fecharon y analizaron con base en técnicas dendrogeomorfológicas. Las avenidas torrenciales reconstruidas se relacionaron con información climática histórica de huracanes, ciclones tropicales y precipitación.Resultados y discusión: Se logró fechar 68 % de las muestras con evidencia de disturbio; la correlación entre series de crecimiento fue significativa (r = 0.403; P < 0.001). Las anomalías más comunes se manifestaron en forma de cicatrices (72 %), supresiones en el crecimiento (20 %) y madera de compresión (8 %). Se reconstruyeron 10 avenidas torrenciales. Los procesos causantes fueron avenidas torrenciales, desencadenadas por fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos, entre ellos los huracanes “Alex” en el 2010, “Dolly” en 2008 y “Claudette” en 2003. Existe sincronía entre los procesos geomorfológicos y los fenómenos hidrometeorológicos.Conclusiones: Los disturbios en los anillos de P. ponderosa son útiles para reconstruir la frecuencia y distribución de procesos geomorfológicos.
The effects of morphology, mobility size and SOA material coating on the ice nucleation activity of black carbon in the cirrus regime
Authors: Zhang Cuiqi , Zhang Yue , Wolf Martin J. , Nichman Leonid , Shen Chuanyang , Onasch Timothy B. , Chen Longfei , Cziczo Daniel J.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. There is evidence that black carbon (BC) particles may affect cirrus formation and hence global climate by acting as potential ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the troposphere. Nevertheless, the ice nucleation (IN) ability of bare BC and BC coated with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) material remains uncertain. We have systematically examined the IN ability of 100–400 nm size-selected BC particles with different morphologies and different SOA coatings representative of anthropogenic (toluene and n-dodecane) and biogenic (β-caryophyllene) sources in the cirrus regime (−46 to −38 °C). Several aerosolized BC proxies were selected to represent different particle morphologies and oxidation levels. Atmospheric aging was further replicated with exposure of SOA-coated BC to OH. The results demonstrate that the 400 nm hydrophobic BC types nucleate ice only at or near the homogeneous freezing threshold (−42 to −46 ˚C). Deposition IN, as opposed to purely homogeneous freezing, was observed to occur for some BC types between 100–200 nm within the investigated temperature range. More fractal BC particles did not consistently act as superior deposition INPs over more spherical ones. SOA coating generated by oxidizing β-caryophyllene with O3 did not seem to affect BC IN ability. However, SOA coatings generated from OH oxidation of various organic species did exhibit higher IN onset supersaturation ratio with respect to ice (SSi) compared with bare BC particles, with toluene SOA coating showing an increase of SSi by 0.1–0.15 while still below the homogeneous threshold. n-dodecane and β-caryophyllene-derived SOA only froze in the homogeneous regime. We attribute the inhibition of IN ability to the filling of the pores on the BC surface by the SOA material coating. OH exposure levels of all SOA coating experiments, from an equivalent atmospheric 10 days to 90 days, did not render significant differences in IN potential. Our study suggests that BC particles with large sizes and/or oxidized surfaces generally exhibit better IN ability, and that the organic coating materials can inhibit ice formation.
Dynamics of the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum in the Black Sea as depicted by BGC-Argo floats
Authors: Ricour Florian , Capet Arthur , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Delille Bruno , Grégoire Marilaure
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) is a well known feature of the global ocean. However, its description and the study of its formation are a challenge, especially in the peculiar Black Sea environment. The retrieval of Chlorophyll a (Chla) from fluorescence (Fluo) profiles recorded by Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats is not trivial in the Black Sea, due to the very high content of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) which contributes to the fluorescence signal and produces an apparent increase of the Chla concentration with depth. Here we revised Fluo correction protocols for the Black Sea context using co-located in-situ High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and BGC-Argo measurements. The processed set of Argo Chla data (2014–2019) is then used to provide a systematic description of the seasonal DCM dynamics in the Black Sea, and to explore different hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying its development. Our results show that the corrections applied to Chla profiles are consistent with HPLC data. In the Black Sea, the DCM is initiated in March, throughout the basin, at a pycnal level set by the previous winter mixed layer. The DCM then remains attached to this particular layer until the end of September. The spatial homogeneity of this feature suggests a self-sustaining DCM structure, locally influencing environmental conditions rather than adapting instantaneously to external factors. In summer, the DCM concentrates around 50 to 65 % of the total chlorophyll content around a depth of 30 m, where light conditions ranged from 0.5 to 4.5 % of surface incoming irradiance. In October, as the DCM structure is gradually eroded, a longitudinal gradient appears in the DCM pycnal depth, indicating that autumnal mixing induces a relocation of the DCM which is this time driven by regional factors, such as nutrients lateral loads and turbidity.
Simulating the mid-Holocene, Last Interglacial and mid-Pliocene climate with EC-Earth3-LR
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Li Qiang , Zhang Qiang , Berntell Ellen , Axelsson Josefine , Chen Jie , Han Zixuan , de Nooijer Wesley , Lu Zhengyao , Wyser Klaus , Yang Shuting
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Paleoclimate modelling has long been regarded as a strong out-of-sample test-bed of the climate models that are used for the projection of future climate changes. For the first time, the EC-Earth model contributes to the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phase 4, which is part of the current sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Here, we document the model setup for PMIP4 experiments with EC-Earth3-LR and present the results on the large-scale features from the completed production simulations for the three past warm periods (mid-Holocene, Last Interglacial, and mid-Pliocene). Using the pre-industrial climate as a reference state, we show the changes in global temperature, large scale Hadley circulation and Walker circulation, polar warming and global monsoons, as well as the climate variability modes (ENSO, PDO, AMO). The EC-Earth3-LR simulates reasonable climate responses during past warm periods as shown in the other PMIP4-CMIP6 model ensemble. The systematic comparison of these climate changes in three past warm periods in an individual model demonstrates the ability of the model to capture the climate response under different climate forcings, providing potential implications for confidence in future projections with EC-Earth model.
Evaluating the use of Facebook's Prophet model v0.6 in forecasting
concentrations of NO2 at single sites across the UK and in response
to the COVID-19 lockdown in Manchester, England
Authors: Topping David , Watts David , Coe Hugh , Evans James , Bannan Thomas J. , Lowe Douglas , Jay Caroline , Taylor Jonathan W.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Time-series forecasting methods have often been used to mitigate some of the challenges associated with deploying chemical transport models at high resolution for use at local scales. In this study we deploy and evaluate Facebook’s Prophet model v0.6 in predicting hourly concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide [NO2] over a 2 year period [2018–2019] across the UK’s Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN). Results indicate promising performance when comparing absolute values, diurnal trends and seasonality, with discrepancies increasing when the site is classified as having a larger contribution from regional sources and non-local sources. Using mobility and traffic volume data in the model fitting process allowed us to evaluate the ability of the model to forecast levels at two sites in Manchester where there were significant reductions in traffic levels during the COVID-19 lock-down, defined as a national state of restricted access. Prior to lock-down, comparison between hourly concentrations from the Prophet forecast and observations are significantly better compared with predictions from the EMEP regional model. Despite the simplified approach of fitting to derived NO2-per-traffic volume over a 5 year period, trends in absolute NO2 reductions and diurnal profiles were captured well at Manchester Piccadilly. However at a second site, in Sharston, we found that reliance on historical NO2-per-traffic volume resulted in errors in the prediction as the nature of local traffic changed under the COVID-19 lock-down; correlating with an increase in the Heavy Goods Vehicle fleet [HGV] relative to other forms of traffic. Ancillary meteorological information and predictions from the EMEP model enabled identification of significant contributions from regional sources during the lock-down period. These periods coincide with noticeable differences between measured and forecast values from Prophet. Overall the Prophet model offers a relatively effective and simple way to make predictions about NO2 at local levels. The source code to reproduce and expand on the work presented in this paper is made openly available.
Extensional reactivation of the Penninic Frontal Thrust 3 Ma ago as evidenced by U-Pb dating on calcite in fault zone cataclasite
Authors: Bilau Antonin , Rolland Yann , Schwartz Stéphane , Godeau Nicolas , Guihou Abel , Deschamps Pierre , Brigaud Benjamin , Noret Aurélie , Dumont Thierry , Gautheron Cécile
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In the Western Alps, the Penninic Frontal Thrust (PFT) is the main crustal-scale tectonic structure of the belt. This thrust transported the high-pressure metamorphosed internal units over the un-metamorphosed European margin during the Oligocene (34–29 Ma). The PFT was later reactivated as an extensional detachment associated with the development of the High-Durance extensional fault system. This inversion of tectonic motions on a major tectonic structure has been widely emphasized as an example of extensional collapse of a thickened collisional orogen. However, the inception age of the extensional inversion remains unconstrained. Here, for the first time, we provide chronological constraints on the extensional motion of an exhumed zone of the PFT by applying U-Pb dating on secondary calcites from a fault zone cataclasite. The calcite cement of the cataclasite, formed after the main fault slip event, is dated at 3.4 ± 1.5 Ma. Cross-cutting calcite veins featuring the last fault motions are dated at 2.6 ± 0.3 and 2.3 ± 0.3 Ma. δ13C and δ18O fluid signatures derived from these secondary calcites suggest fluid percolation from deep-seated reservoir at the scale of the Western Alps. Our data give evidence that the PFT extensional reactivation is active since at least ~ 3 Ma, at the crustal scale and results from the westward propagation of the compressional deformation related to the exhumation of External Crystalline Massifs. In this context, the exhumation of the dated extensional fault is associated with the eastward translation of the seismogenic zone controlled by the deep rooting of the High-Durance fault system.
Valorization of Agro-Industrial By-products: Use of Rice Husk as a Source of Microorganisms to Denitrification of Water
Authors: João Jair Juarez , Vieira José Luiz , Silveira Marcos Henrique Luciano , Wensing Cristiane Silvano , Jesus Paulo Cesar de , Borges Endler Marcel
Published: September 2020

Rice husk, which is an agricultural waste, provides a feasible alternative for the growth and propagation of denitrifying microorganisms. Nitrate and nitrite were removed using Immobilized Microorganisms (MOIM) or Microorganisms in Solution (MOSO). Microorganisms present in the rice husk biomass responsible for denitrification were identified as Pseudomonas, and other microorganisms have also been identified, as Oerskovia spp. Enterococcus sp. Bacillus mycoides and Escherichia coli. The influence of pH, temperature, C/N ratio and carbon source on biological denitrification were investigated. MOIM and MOSO consortium had optimal denitrifying performance at 25-30 °C and in pH 7-8. MOSO has average denitrification efficiency larger than MOIM. The MOIM denitrification efficiency was more sensitive to pH changes than the MOSO. Ethanol and sodium acetate were carbon sources for the denitrifying process. The efficiency of nitrate and nitrite removal using MOSO and ethanol or acetate with 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 C/N ratios were equivalents and above 97.00%. The denitrifying process presented was robust and it presented nitrate removal close to 100% during 10 cycles.
Nonviolence as Positive Liberty
Authors: Boyte Harry C.
Published: September 2020

This reflection on Ian Shapiro's recent book, Politics against Domination, argues that there are strengths to conceiving of politics as a struggle against domination but the argument neglects the actual democratic politics of actual movements such as the African American freedom struggle. In the civil rights movement, in particular, nonviolence added to older understandings of politics as engagement across difference a view of positive liberty, recently described by theorists such as Karuna Mantena and Danielle Allen. This understanding of nonviolence as positive liberty has enormous relevance for our time. It finds expression in significant actual civic practices.
Elaboration and validation of a simulation scenario for
communicating institutional bond termination in nursing
Authors: Montandon Diego Santiago , Carvalho Beatriz de Souza Garcia , Silva Bruno Henrique da , Braga Carla Roberta Silva Rosa , Conceição Drielly Paula de Alcantara , Silva Ifé Odara Alves Monteiro d
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Construir um cenário de simulação clínica para o ensino de comunicação difícil no desligamento institucional na equipe de enfermagem e validá-lo frente à face e conteúdo por peritos da temática. Métodos: Estudo observacional metodológico, que proporcionou a avaliação do cenário de simulação clínica por 17 peritos da área. Os dados foram coletados e processados por um sistema de internet clouds. Resultados: A versão final deste cenário de simulação clínica foi aprimorado, conforme as sugestões dos peritos, ao incluir tópicos relacionados a o título do cenário, aos objetivos educacionais, a descrição do pré - briefing, um fluxograma do design, ao protocolo de desligamento, o modelo do debriefing e as referências do cenário. Sendo ao final, validado frente à face-conteúdo com um nível de concordância de 94,6%. Conclusão: O cenário de simulação clínica está validado e integralmente disponível para a utilização e promoção do ensino da temática em sua população-alvo, para o ensino de comunicação difícil no desligamento institucional.
Research on the Lubrication Characteristics of Harmonic Gear Transmission Meshing Areas
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Fan Xupeng , Wei Peitang , Yang Baojun
Published: September 2020

To analyse the lubrication characteristics of harmonic gears and lay the foundation for the study of its gear tooth failure performance and dynamic characteristics, based on the tooth contact geometry of harmonic gear, the integrated curvature radius, tooth load, and entrainment velocity at the meshing point of the gear teeth in the harmonic gear transmission are analysed. A finite-length line contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model for harmonic gears is established. The numerical calculation method is used to solve the oil film thickness and pressure distribution in the lubricating area, and the effects of rotational speed and temperature on the contacting load ratio and film thickness ratio of the meshing area are studied, as well as the change of oil film stiffness under different working conditions. The results show that along the meshing direction, the pressure is small at the end and reaches a peak at the centre, and the film thickness is the largest in the entrance area and is evenly distributed in the centre contact area. As the speed increases, the gear tooth contact load ratio decreases, the oil film thickness ratio increases, the stiffness of the oil film decreases significantly, and the lubrication effect is improved; but the temperature has the opposite effect. Proper increase of rotation speed and decrease of oil temperature can effectively improve the lubrication characteristics of the system.
Pedeutology of the XXIas a positive social science
Authors: Jazukiewicz Iwona
Published: September 2020

The popular in the modern timespragmatic approach, creates in teaching instrumental attitude to professional tasks execution. It means that reaching goals, on utilitarian level,leads to more effective actions. The positive social sciencestake another approach, basing on the usual human inner drive to be happy. Such being takes place when a person realizes well-being for others and for oneself, following hope, which direction is pointed out by freedom, dignity and human responsibility.
The main purpose of the article is to reveal the evidence that create pedeutology of the XXI century as a science of strong teaching profession: its values, meaningfulness and beauty. It has been pointed out to agathological and arthrological aspect of pedeutology. The first one refers to doing good deeds. It is represented by optimal pupil development, which therefore should become a priority in teacher’s professional actions. In reference to the above, the instrumental and vocational teaching context has been characterized. The second aspect refers to the teacher’s moral capabilities, called the virtues. A virtue is a central knowledgeable category of positive social sciences. According to this issue, the utility of the virtue theory has been presented in for the pedeutological thought. The extraordinary attention has been put upon the virtue of hope, reasoning its inevitability in the process of upbringing in the XXI century.
Contemporary labor pedagogy. Problem areas
Authors: Wołk Zdzisław
Published: September 2020

Labor pedagogy is a subdiscipline of pedagogy which tackles issues of upbringing to perform work throughout the entire life of a person. Contemporary socio-economic changes mean that the range of problems undertaken on the basis of labor pedagogy is systematically expanding, which culminated particularly after the introduction of a market economy in Poland. Labor pedagogy is a subdiscipline of the borderland of sciences, which means that it is strongly associated with many other disciplines of science. That makes it difficult to determine its separateness. Despite this, however, the features of a scientific subdiscipline can be recognized in it. A number of problem areas identified within it are important for both pedagogy and other social sciences. They are systematically examined by labor pedagogy researchers. In labor pedagogy, scientific theories based on other social sciences are used as well as its own theoretical concepts have been developed . They try to explain the problems outlined in the thematic triad: man - education - work. An important task of labor pedagogy is to disseminate its theoretical achievements on the basis of other subdisciplines of pedagogy as well as other sciences.
Situation of Dengue after the Phenomenon of the Coastal El Niño
Authors: Díaz-Vélez Cristian , Luis Fernández-Mogollón Jorge , Alexis Cabrera-Enríquez John , Tello-Vera Stalin , Medrano-Velásquez Oscar , Córdova-Calle Elmer
Published: September 2020

Coastal El Niño is a weather phenomenon that is caused by abnormal warming (above 0.4°C) of the Pacific Ocean waters near the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and it can even reach the central and southern Peruvian coast. As a result of the climatic phenomenon, the Aedes aegypti vector (which in turn is a vector of chikungunya and Zika fever) had been quickly installed in 448 districts of Peru, and emergency was declared in 10 regions, which reported 231,874 victims; 1,129,013 affected and 143 dead. It is necessary to know this, because the direct impact of the weather phenomena contributes to the dengue vector conditioning, facilitating its dissemination with ease. The geographical and climatic conditions of the cities most affected by the El Niño Costero phenomenon turned them into zones of epidemics; in these places, there is an important population growth, from urbanization to sectorization in young towns and urban slums, where in many there is no basic infrastructure and water supply is insufficient, which requires temporary water storage, as well as high temperatures, migratory movement, and beaches with influx of people, which make not only dengue proliferate but also other arbovirosis such as chikungunya.
Underwater Ambient Noise
Authors: Baskar Veeriayan Vijaya , V. Rajendran
Published: September 2020

Underwater ambient noise is primarily a background noise which is a function of time, location, and depth. Background baseline of the noise in ocean is represented by ambient noise generated from the ocean surface due to wind and rain. This understanding pertained to ambient noise under various conditions will help in improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of marine instruments. It is of prime importance to detect the signals such as sound of a submarine or echo from a target surpassing this ambient noise. Ambient noise excludes all forms of self noise, such as the noise of current flow around the measurement hydrophone and its supporting structure. It should also exclude all forms of electrical noise. It is also defined as the residual noise that remains after all easily identifiable sound sources are eliminated. In the absence of sound from ships and marine life, underwater ambient noise levels (NL) are dependent mainly on wind speeds at frequencies between 100 Hz and 25 KHz.
Noise Transmission Losses in Integrated Acoustic and Thermo-Fluid Insulation Panels
Authors: Dehra Himanshu
Published: September 2020

A simulation model is proposed for integrated acoustic and thermo-fluid insulation constituting an airflow window with a photovoltaic (PV) solar wall spandrel section. The physical model of an outdoor test-room comprises of a wooden framed double or cavity wall assembly with: (i) a triple glazed fenestration section with a closed roller blind; (ii) a solar wall spandrel section of double-glass PV modules and back panel of polystyrene filled plywood board; and (iii) fan pressure-based manually operated inlet and exhaust dampers with ventilation through an exhaust fan for transportation of heat. A generalized two-dimensional analysis of a double wall structure is illustrated by the placement of surface and air nodes into two adjacent stacks of control volumes representing outer and inner walls. The integrated noise insulation and energy conversion model is presented. The energy conversion and noise insulation model are supported with some numerical results using devised noise measurement equations. The following additional parameters are also calculated to support the integrated insulation model: noise transmission losses and noise reduction coefficients for various types of noises. State-of-the-art of acoustic and thermo-fluid insulation along with general building construction guidelines for acoustic and thermal insulation are also presented.
Experiences of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Professionals Working with Migrant Women Living with Female Genital Cutting in Western Australia
Authors: Ndasi Darlene , Adusei-Asante Kwadwo
Published: September 2020

Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is a global public health problem. The practice is particularly prevalent amongst people of African, Middle East and South East Asian descent. FGM/C creates a permanent change to the body of women. When such women migrate to other countries, they bring the associated social and health problems of FGM/C with them. As a multicultural society, Australia has many residents who come from settings in which FGM/C is prevalent. This qualitative study investigated whether healthcare professionals in Western Australia are prepared and able to provide adequate healthcare to women living with FGM/C. We found that there is a paucity of literature in Australia generally, and Western Australia more specifically, about FGM/C and the associated experiences of healthcare providers. Healthcare professionals were found to experience challenges when working with women living with FGM/C, mainly because of poor cultural sensitivity and poor levels of communication, and lacked appropriate education and training for working with women living with FGM/C. This study identified a need for empirical studies on how women living with FGM/C experience sexual and reproductive health services in Western Australia.
Biolubricant from Pongamia Oil
Authors: Sankarannair Sabarinath , Ajith Nair Avinash , Varghese Bijo Benji , Kuttuvelil Das Hareesh , Sureshkumar Harigovind
Published: September 2020

Recent researches focus on the development of lubricants from non-edible vegetable oil which are environment friendly and renewable. In the current work, an industrial lubricant is formulated from a non-edible vegetable oil viz. pongamia oil (PO) by blending it suitable additives. The additives such as silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) were selected as antiwear, antioxidant and viscosity improver additives respectively for the study. Various lubricant properties of the formulated oil (FO) are studied and comparisons were made against neat PO and popularly available mineral oil lubricant viz. SAE 20W40. It is found that the FO possesses superior viscosity index, and lower coefficient of friction than the commercial SAE 20W40. Moreover, the viscosity range, oxidative stability and the wear scar diameter of the FO is also in the range of SAE 20W40. This work is done with an aim of promoting Pongamia agriculture and reducing soil pollution.
Management of Sarcopenic Obesity for Older Adults with Lower-Extremity Osteoarthritis
Authors: Liou Tsan-Hon , Liao Chun-De , Huang Shih-Wei
Published: September 2020

Lower-extremity osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disease in elder population. The main symptom of OA is pain which leads to muscle weakness and physical disability. Recently, muscle weakness, function limitation, and severity of disease in OA are addressed to aging-related muscle attenuations. Therefore, elder individuals with OA are under potential sarcopenia risks. In addition, obesity, which exerts negative impacts on disease outcomes, has become a burden in OA population. Under multifactor risks of OA, it is important to identify effectiveness of multidisciplinary management for such elder population to prevent sarcopenic obesity and maintain physical function. Previous studies have indicated that diet intervention (DI) using protein supplement, dietary protein, or weight loss enhances exercise efficacy in terms of additional muscle mass and strength gains to exercise training (ET) for elder individuals with high sarcopenia and frailty risks. However, it remains unclear whether DI in combination with ET augments any benefit for older adults with lower-extremity OA. This chapter aimed to review the effects of DI plus ET on muscle mass, strength, and physical function outcomes in older individuals with lower-extremity OA.
Epithelial Membrane Antigen in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Multinodular Goiter; a Marker of Discrimination
Authors: Miratashi Yazdi Seyed Amir , Heshmati Marjan , Jalali Nadoushan Mohammadreza
Published: September 2020

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid malignancies. For a more accurate diagnosis, immunohistochemistry has been used widely in recent years. Epithelial membrane antigen has been detected in several benign and malignant lesions, and its use as a marker of malignancy has been sought in some studies. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the presence and level of expression of epithelial membrane antigen in papillary thyroid carcinoma and multinodular goiter. Methods: Eighty-five samples of papillary thyroid carcinoma and 40 cases of multinodular goiter were stained histochemically for epithelial membrane antigen. The intensity of staining was classified in a semi-quantitative manner (1+ to 4+). Demographic data of the index cases, history of metastasis, and lymph node involvement, if any, were collected as well. Results: All PTCs and 87.5% of MNGs were positive for EMA. EMA was expressed more strongly in PTCs than in MNGs (P < 0.00). EMA reactivity was directly associated with lymph node involvement, capsular invasion, and size of the tumor (P = 0.008, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). The intensity level of 2 or higher had high specificity for differentiating PTC from MNG. Conclusions: Strong expression of EMA may be a good marker of malignancy in differentiating PTC from MNG. This marker may also be regarded as an index of invasive behavior of PTC.
Recerca mineralògica, minera i geològica per la comarca del Ripollès: des de Molló aRrocabruna, a Costabona i a Setcases
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: September 2020

El recorregut del present itinerari, es desenvoluparà integrament pel Sistema Pirinenc; i més concretament: per la denominada Zona Axial del Sistema Pirinenc, encara que prop del seu contacte amb la Zona Sudpirenenca.

Així, s’iniciarà dintre de la Zona Sudpirenenca, prop de la població de Molló, dintre de la comarca del Ripollès, des d´on s’anirà ràpidament a Espinelves i cap al voltants del cim de Costabona Així, per aquesta unitat esmentada al paràgraf anterior, es transitarà fins als voltants del cim acabat d’esmentar, penetrant a continuació dintre de la Zona Axial del Sistema Pirinenc, per on es circularà entre els voltants del Costabona i el final del recorregut, a la població de Setcases.

Per d’altra banda, aquest recorregut s’efectuarà, integrament per la comarca pirinenca del Ripollès (on començarà i finalitzarà).
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca de la Cerdanya: des de Puigcerdà cap a la Tor de Querol, Porte i cap a Pimorent
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: September 2020

En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà, en la seva totalitat pel Sistema Pirinenc; i més concretament ho farà per tres sectors diferenciats: per una banda per l’extrem septentrional del Mantell del Cadí, (prop del seu contacte amb la Depressió de la Cerdanya); per d’altra, a través d’aquesta depressió acabada d’esmentar; i finalment, a través dels denominats Apilaments Antiformes de la Zona Axial Pirinenca (i més concretament pels sectors corresponents al Massís dels Tres Senhors).

Així, el recorregut s’iniciarà dintre de la Depressió de la Cerdanya, per la qual es transitarà en el primer tram del recorregut, entre les localitats de Puigcerdà i Enveig. Per d’altra banda, el recorregut entre la població d’Enveig i les Mines de Ferro de Pimorent (situades prop del port del mateix nom), s’endinsarà pels Apilaments Antiformes de la Zona Axial Pirinenca, els quals es troben situats al Nord de la Depressió de la Cerdanya.

També cal dir que la totalitat del recorregut es farà dintre de la comarca de la Cerdanya, començant a la Baixa Cerdanya i finalitzant a l´Alta, però prop de la seva frontera amb Andorra i amb el País de Foish.
HOW DO FIRST YEAR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS USE ICT IN THEIR LEISURE TIME AND FOR LEARNING PURPOSES?
Authors: Eger Ludvík , Tomczyk Łukasz , Klement Milan , Pisoňová Mária , Petrová Gabriela
Published: September 2020

This study advances our understanding of the current use of social media and mobile devices by first year university students. This research sought to explore the influence of the use of social networks and new mobile devices by students for learning purposes. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire at four universities in three countries in Central Europe. The research was completed by a sample of 961 full-time first year undergraduate students. The data were analysed using descriptive statistic and confirmatory factor analysis. The findings show that students who intensively use ICT for leisure-related tasks are also experienced in ICT for learning purposes. Furthermore, the results showed differences in the use of ICTs according to four selected areas: ICT for leisure-time activities, social networking, ICT on mobile phones, and ICT for study purposes by students. Five well-differentiated clusters were identified by through cluster analysis, which we term the ‘mobile subgroup’, ‘educational subgroup’, ‘social subgroup’, ‘network subgroup’, and ‘entertaining subgroup’. Educators can benefit from the results through a more complete understanding of how first year university students use social networks and mobile devices and how intensity in these areas influences ICT use for learning purposes.
Stepping into Statistical Thinking
Authors: Carlson Mary Alice , Arnold, Elizabeth G. , Bolte Barbara
Published: September 2020

We used the Footprint problem to engage middle school students in statistical thinking.
Discovering Radical Simplification through Geometry Connections
Authors: Rakes Christopher R. , Kirvan, Rebecca J. , Witkowski Ashley
Published: September 2020

Students explore equivalent radical expressions using the relationship between area and side lengths of a square.
Seeing Stars: Sequences on U.S. Flag
Authors: Caglayan Günhan
Published: September 2020

Students analyze photographs of patterns and determine algebraic representations for the pattern growth.
Culture in Early Childhood Mathematics
Authors: Djonko-Moore Cara
Published: September 2020

Early childhood practitioners consider practical strategies to innovate mathematics through cultural responsiveness and funds of knowledge.
The Condo Problem: Is This Culturally Responsive Teaching?
Authors: Nabb Keith , Murawska Jaclyn , Doty Jessie , Fredlund Annie , Hofer Stewart , McAllister Casie , Miller Sami , Nassif Zoe , Pearson Savannah , Pike-Nobile, Abby , Welch Emma
Published: September 2020

Teachers will inevitably encounter mathematical problem contexts that suggest mainstream views, incorporate deficit language, or make inequities visible. This project reports on a small intervention in which prospective elementary teachers were asked to rewrite a mathematics problem exercising the cultural competence needed in both daily teaching and the critical examination of curricular documents.
Lessons to Explore, Understand, and Respond to Social Injustice
Authors: Berry Robert Q. , Conway Basil M. , Lawler, Brian R. , Staley John W.
Published: September 2020

Ear to the Ground features voices from various corners of the mathematics education world.
Targeting our blind spot: A metacognitive intervention ameliorates negative feelings, evaluations, and stereotypes towards conservatives in a liberal sample
Authors: Reininger Klaus Michael , Krott Nora Rebekka , Hoenisch Margret , Scheunemann Jakob , Moritz Steffen
Published: September 2020

Political polarization between conservatives and liberals threatens democratic societies. Ameliorating liberal research participants’ negative feelings, evaluations, and stereotypes towards conservatives might be one step into the direction of a political depolarization. In a sample of U.S.-American liberal research participants recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (N = 271), we randomly assigned participants in a pre-post-design either to a clinical-psychological, metacognitive-intervention (MCT), an educational, or a no-treatment-no-pre-measurement-control-condition. In the MCT-condition, participants were first asked seemingly simple questions that frequently elicited incorrect responses, followed by corrective information. In the educational condition, information was conveyed in a simple narrative form. MCT was significantly more effective in ameliorating liberal participants’ negative feelings, evaluations, and stereotypes towards conservatives compared to the other two control-conditions. Further, MCT-participants significantly reduced their negative feelings, negative evaluations, and perceptions of threat from pre- to post-measurement, significantly more than participants in the educational condition. The results of our preliminary study and its implications are discussed, and recommendations for further research are made.
Why moral advocacy leads to polarization and proselytization: The role of self-persuasion
Authors: Abeywickrama Ravini S. , Rhee Joshua J. , Crone Damien L. , Laham Simon M.
Published: September 2020

This research is the first to examine the effects of moral versus practical pro-attitudinal advocacy in the context of self-persuasion. We validate a novel advocacy paradigm aimed at uncovering why moral advocacy leads to polarization and proselytization. We investigate four distinct possibilities: (1) expression of moral foundational values (harm, fairness, loyalty, authority, purity), (2) reliance on moral systems (deontology and consequentialism), (3) expression of moral outrage, (4) increased confidence in one’s advocacy attempt. In Study 1 (N = 255) we find differences between moral and practical advocacy on the five moral foundations, deontology, and moral outrage. In Study 2 (N = 218) we replicate these differences, but find that only the expression of moral foundations is consequential in predicting attitude polarization. In Study 3 (N = 115) we replicate the effect of moral foundations on proselytization. Our findings suggest that practical compared to moral advocacy may attenuate polarization and proselytization. This carries implications for how advocacy can be re-framed in ways which minimize social conflict.
Pertumbuhan larva kumbang tanduk (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) pada berbagai media tumbuh tanaman Famili Arecaceae
Authors: Fauzana Hafiz , Ustadi Ustadi
Published: September 2020

Hama kumbang tanduk (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) merupakan hama utama pada berbagai tanaman perkebunan terutama tanaman Famili Arecaceae. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan media tanaman Famili Arecaceae yang paling baik untuk pertumbuhan larva O. rhinoceros. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah media tumbuh larva O. rhinoceros dengan bahan baku berupa cacahan batang tanaman Famili Arecaceae (kelapa sawit, kelapa, sagu, dan pinang) dan bahan top soil (kontrol). Parameter pengamatan meliputi pertambahan berat individu larva, panjang larva, lebar larva O. rhinoceros, dengan data penunjang meliputi suhu dan kelembapan tanah, serta analisis kimia bahan organik (C-Organik, N-total, P-total, dan K-Total). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media tumbuh cacahan batang kelapa sawit cenderung sebagai bahan paling sesuai bagi pertumbuhan O. rhinoceros ditinjau dari pengaruhnya terhadap pertambahan berat individu larva (8,8 ± 0,38 g), panjang (6,15 ± 0,82 cm), dan lebar larva (1,05 ± 1 cm) dan diikuti makin kurang sesuai oleh bahan media tumbuh dari cacahan batang kelapa, sagu, dan pinang. Dengan demikian, kelapa sawit lebih mendukung pertumbuhan O. rhinoceros dibandingkan dengan kelapa. Informasi ini penting dalam pengelolaan hama pada tanaman kelapa sawit dan kelapa yang umumnya banyak ditanam berdampingan di perkebunan rakyat.
Las nuevas fronteras de la comunicación corporativa
Authors: Rodríguez-Pallares Miriam
Published: September 2020

Reseña bibliográficaLas nuevas fronteras de la comunicación corporativaGarcía Santamaría, José Vicente (2019).Barcelona: UOC.