bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging role of microglia in the developing dopaminergic system: perturbation by early life stress
Authors: She Kaijie , Yuan Naijun , Huang Minyi , Zhu Wenjun , Tang Manshi , Ma Qingyu , Chen Jiaxu
Published: November 2024

Early life stress correlates with a higher prevalence of neurological disorders, including autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, depression, and Parkinson's disease. These conditions, primarily involving abnormal development and damage of the dopaminergic system, pose significant public health challenges. Microglia, as the primary immune cells in the brain, are crucial in regulating neuronal circuit development and survival. From the embryonic stage to adulthood, microglia exhibit stage-specific gene expression profiles, transcriptome characteristics, and functional phenotypes, enhancing the susceptibility to early life stress. However, the role of microglia in mediating dopaminergic system disorders under early life stress conditions remains poorly understood. This review presents an up-to-date overview of preclinical studies elucidating the impact of early life stress on microglia, leading to dopaminergic system disorders, along with the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions. Impaired microglial activity damages dopaminergic neurons by diminishing neurotrophic support (e.g., insulin-like growth factor-1) and hinders dopaminergic axon growth through defective phagocytosis and synaptic pruning. Furthermore, blunted microglial immunoreactivity suppresses striatal dopaminergic circuit development and reduces neuronal transmission. Furthermore, inflammation and oxidative stress induced by activated microglia can directly damage dopaminergic neurons, inhibiting dopamine synthesis, reuptake, and receptor activity. Enhanced microglial phagocytosis inhibits dopamine axon extension. These long-lasting effects of microglial perturbations may be driven by early life stress–induced epigenetic reprogramming of microglia. Indirectly, early life stress may influence microglial function through various pathways, such as astrocytic activation, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the gut–brain axis, and maternal immune signaling. Finally, various therapeutic strategies and molecular mechanisms for targeting microglia to restore the dopaminergic system were summarized and discussed. These strategies include classical antidepressants and antipsychotics, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents, and herbal-derived medicine. Further investigations combining pharmacological interventions and genetic strategies are essential to elucidate the causal role of microglial phenotypic and functional perturbations in the dopaminergic system disrupted by early life stress.
Factors Associated with Health-related Quality of Life in Moroccan Adults with Asthma
Authors: El Abed Hanane , Ait-Taleb Lahsen Hanaâ , El Malki Hicham , Erraji Alaa Eddine , Benjelloun Mohamed Chakib , Ragala Mohammed El Amine , Halim Karima
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

The assessment of asthmatics’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important outcome measure of the disease’s effects from the patient’s perspective. This study aims to assess the asthmatics’ QOL and determine the factors affecting it.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 adult people with asthma attending the Pneumology Department of Hassan II University Hospital in Fez from March to May 2022. Patients were questioned by a face-to-face questionnaire, an asthma control test, an observance questionnaire, a knowledge questionnaire, and a specific asthma QOL questionnaire. The influence of the variables was evaluated by bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression.

Results:

The mean age was 48.4 ± 15.4. 71.8% were women, half were not attending school, and 77.7% lived in urban areas. 67.7% were nonsmokers, and 72.73% were passive workers. Only 42.27% complied well with treatment, and 41.82% have well-controlled asthma. The majority of people had insufficient knowledge. The QOL was considered good for 20% of the participants, poor for 11.8%, and average for 68.2% of the patients. The mean of the global QOL score was 5.1 ± 0.9. The most significant factors associated with a higher QOL were good asthma control (ß = 0.70; P ≤ 0.001), good knowledge score (ß = 0.125; P = 0.013), insurance coverage (ß = 0.144; P = 0.005), and work activity (ß = 0.133; P = 0.007).

Conclusion:

Our study found multiple factors affecting asthma patients’ QOL, including asthma control, knowledge, and socioeconomic status. We can take some measures to improve the situation through patient education.
The Association between Depression, Self-efficacy, and Health-related Quality of Life Among Chinese Patients Undergoing Their First Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Cheng Li , Wang Wen-Ru , Wikström Lotta , Mårtensson Jan
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

The demand for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been steadily increasing along with the number of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China. However, there is a lack of studies investigating health-related quality of life (HRQoL), self-efficacy, and depression among Chinese patients undergoing their first PCI. The aim of this study was to explore the association between depression, self-efficacy, and HRQoL among Chinese patients with CHD undergoing their first PCI.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 212 Chinese patients with CHD who underwent their first PCI were recruited through convenience sampling from October 2019 to March 2020. HRQoL, self-efficacy, and depression were assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale, and Short-Form Cardiac Depression Scale, respectively, along with the collection of patients’ sociodemographic and clinical information.

Results:

Among the 212 participants, the average age was 59.82 years, and 145 (68.4%) were male. The average scores for self-efficacy, depression, and HRQoL were 33.49 (±10.28), 16.14 (±6.12), and 328.33 (±62.55), respectively. Among the 212 patients who underwent PCI, 134 (63.21%) were found to have depression symptoms according to the cutoff score of 14. A higher body mass index, a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, fewer years of CHD diagnosis, the absence of symptoms of depression and greater self-efficacy were significantly positively associated with HRQoL. In total, these variables explained 37.2% of the variance in HRQoL.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that the HRQoL of patients in this group needs to receive more attention. A comprehensive secondary prevention intervention for CHD patients undergoing their first PCI should emphasize mitigating depression and positively influencing their self-efficacy.
Breastfeeding Status and Infectious Diseases among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Indonesia
Authors: Paramashanti Bunga A. , Nugraheny Esti , Suparmi Suparmi , Afifah Tin , Nugraheni Wahyu Pudji , Lestyoningrum Sinta Dewi , Tumaji Tumaji , Sulistiyowati Ning , Masitoh Siti , Rahayu Herwinda Kusuma , Afifah Effatul
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Infectious diseases remain public health issues in Indonesia. However, there remains a knowledge gap on whether breastfeeding can prevent infectious diseases in young children. This study examined the relationship between current breastfeeding and child infections in Indonesia.

Methods:

Data were derived from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey by including 5158 children aged 6–23 months. The dependent variables were diarrhea, fever, and acute respiratory infection (ARI). The main exposure of interest was the current breastfeeding status. Covariates included factors at the child, maternal, household, health care, and community levels.

Results:

Around 20%, 38%, and 4% of children experienced diarrhea, fever, and ARI, respectively. Current breastfeeding status was protective against diarrhea (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61–0.89) but not related to fever (AOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.82–1.11) and ARI (AOR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.70–1.47). Other factors related to diarrhea included female children, older maternal age, maternal higher education, improved drinking water source, and living in Sulawesi. Living in Sumatera and Sulawesi were linked to fever. Higher birth orders and improved toilet facilities were associated with ARI.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate different levels of factors affecting child infections. Thus, integrating breastfeeding promotions with water, hygiene, and sanitation interventions may help prevent infectious diseases in young children.
Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Violence against Women among Myanmar Migrant Women in Thailand
Authors: Zaw Kaung , Kittipichai Wirin , Chamroonsawasdi Kanittha , Powwattana Arpaporn
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Violence against women (VAW) is a serious human rights violation with significant implications for public health. VAW affects the well-being of women, children, and families. This study aims to develop and validate a scale specifically designed for identifying and assisting migrant women who have experienced violence.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey using stratified sampling was conducted among 295 Myanmar migrant women in Thailand. Violence among these women was assessed using self-administered questionnaires with data collection taking 15–20 min per participant between September and December 2023. The construct validity of the Violence against Migrant Women Scale (VAMWS) was confirmed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) estimated by weighted least squares means and variance with Geomin rotation in Mplus software.

Results:

The EFA revealed a 13-item scale with a four-factor structure that fit the data exceptionally well, as indicated by the high comparative fit index of 0.99 and low root mean square error of approximation value of 0.02. Communalities ranged from 0.58 to 0.99 and rotated factor correlations between 0.36 and 0.53. The four dimensions were as follows: F1 – physical (4 items, loadings 0.51–0.73), F2 – sexual (2 items, loadings 0.66–0.99), F3 – psychological (3 items, loadings 0.57–0.73), and F4 – economic (3 items, loadings 0.50–0.78). VAMWS had Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90 and corrected item–total correlation values from 0.53 to 0.74. Physical violence, experienced by 50% of respondents, was most common, primarily by spouses, then siblings, acquaintances, employers, parents, and friends.

Conclusion:

VAMWS is applicable for assessing violence prevalence across multiple sectors, including health care, social services, law enforcement, and future research endeavors.
Nomograms of fetal thoracic dimensions from 17 to 37 weeks of gestation
Authors: Chankhunaphas Wisit , Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Sompagdee Nalat , Ruangvutilert Pornpimol , Burapasikarin Chada
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

We aimed to construct the nomograms for fetal thoracic parameters among Thai fetuses that were between 17 and 37 gestational weeks, as assessed by three distinct two‐dimensional (2D) measurement techniques (thoracic diameter, circumference and area) and compare our findings with those of previous publications.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study involving 511 low-risk singleton pregnancies with normal fetuses at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, was conducted. Using the four-chamber view, fetal thoracic measurements were obtained through three 2D sonographic measurement methods. Reference intervals at 95% and Z-scores were established for all techniques based on gestational age (GA) and biparietal diameter (BPD). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to assess reproducibility of the measurement methods.

Results:

Measurements of fetal thorax size exhibited consistent, proportional increases with advancing GA and BPD across all techniques. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability coefficients for all methods indicated excellent agreement, with all ICCs being at least 0.991. Nomograms of fetal thoracic diameter, circumference and area across GA and BPD were constructed from the obtained values. Discrepancies in Z-score reference ranges for fetal thoracic circumference were noted between the present study and previous research in other populations, particularly among Caucasians.

Conclusion:

Our study established normal reference ranges for evaluating fetal chest size through three different methods from 17 to 37 weeks of gestation in the Thai population. Nomograms may vary due to population differences, emphasising the importance of using reference values from similar demographic groups. The findings could potentially be used to identify fetuses that are at risk of abnormal thoracic dimensions or thoracic dysplasia.
Cancer-Associated Myositis Associated with Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Detected on 18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Kaur Manpreet , Rana Amit
Published: November 2024

A strong association between inflammatory myopathies and malignancy has been well-recognized. Cancer-associated myositis is thought to be a paraneoplastic syndrome due to the antitumor immunity secondary to similar tumor and regenerating muscle antigens. As the prognosis of myositis depends on the prognosis and treatment of the underlying malignancy, the treating doctor must determine the importance of detecting cancer-associated myositis and underlying cancer. 18 Fluorine-fluoro deoxy glucose/positron emission tomography/computed tomography is a sensitive tool that helps detect myositis in such patients. However, there are no clear guidelines regarding the best approach.
Development of CytoAcademy: a new web- and mobile-based E-learning platform for cytopathologists and cytotechnologists by the Korean Society for Cytopathology in the post-pandemic era
Authors: Hong Ran , Chong Yosep , Chae Seung Wan , Lee Seung-Sook , Gong Gyungyub ,   The Korean Society for Cytopathology e-learning Platform Development Team
Published: November 2024

Since the late 1990s, online e-learning has offered unparalleled convenience and affordability, becoming increasingly popular among pathologists. Traditional learning theories have been successfully applied to web/mobile-based learning systems, with mobile technologies even enhancing conventional offline education. In cytopathology, hands-on microscope training has traditionally been paramount, complemented by real-case presentations and lectures. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted regular academic activities, making online e-learning platforms essential. We designed a web/mobile-based learning platform to enhance continued medical education in cytopathology at various levels, particularly during the era of COVID-19 and beyond. Since 2021, we have integrated curriculum materials, virtual education files, and whole-slide images (WSIs) of cytopathology, submitted from over 200 institutions across Korea, with the support of numerous instructors. We develop a new e-learning platform named “CytoAcademy” composed of a basic session for each organ and level across the range of morphologic findings; on-demand lectures to enhance cytopathologic knowledge; WSI archives that allow users to explore various histologically confirmed cases; and a self-assessment test to help organize diagnostic knowledge acquired through the web/mobile-friendly learning system. The platform provides not just an opportunity to achieve a correct diagnosis, but also a learning experience based on problem-solving point. Members interact, identify their deficiencies, and focus on specific educational materials. In this manner, all participants can actively engage in creating and maintaining knowledge and foster a proactive approach to learning.
Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnoses of follicular thyroid carcinoma: results from a multicenter study in Asia
Authors: Na Hee Young , Higuchi Miyoko , Satoh Shinya , Kameyama Kaori , Jung Chan Kwon , Shin Su-Jin , Agarwal Shipra , Hang Jen-Fan , Zhu Yun , Liu Zhiyan , Bychkov Andrey , Kakudo Kennichi , Park So Yeon
Published: November 2024

Background: This study was designed to compare diagnostic categories of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and incidence of thyroid tumors in the multi-institutional Asian series with a special focus on diagnostic category IV (suspicious for a follicular neoplasm) and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs). Methods: Distribution of FNAC categories, incidence of thyroid tumors in resection specimens and cytologic diagnoses of surgically confirmed follicular adenomas (FAs) and FTCs were collected from 10 institutes from five Asian countries and were compared among countries and between FAs and FTCs. Results: The frequency of category IV diagnoses (3.0%) in preoperative FNAC were significantly lower compared to those in Western countries (10.1%). When comparing diagnostic categories among Asian countries, category IV was more frequent in Japan (4.6%) and India (7.9%) than in Taiwan (1.4%), Korea (1.4%), and China (3.6%). Similarly, incidence of FAs and FTCs in surgical resection specimens was significantly higher in Japan (10.9%) and India (10.1%) than in Taiwan (5.5%), Korea (3.0%), and China (2.5%). FTCs were more commonly diagnosed as category IV in Japan (77.5%) than in Korea (33.3%) and China (35.0%). Nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear crowding, microfollicular pattern, and dyshesive cell pattern were more common in FTCs compared with FAs. Conclusions: Our study highlighted the difference in FNAC diagnostic categories of FTCs among Asian countries, which is likely related to different reporting systems and thyroid cancer incidence. Cytologic features such as nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear crowding, microfollicular pattern, and dyshesive cell pattern were found to be useful in diagnosing FTCs more effectively.
Next step of molecular pathology: next-generation sequencing in cytology
Authors: Silva Ricella Souza da , Schmitt Fernando
Published: November 2024

The evolving landscape of precision oncology underscores the pivotal shift from morphological diagnosis to treatment decisions driven by molecular profiling. Recent guidelines from the European Society for Medical Oncology recomend the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) across a broader range of cancers, reflecting its superior efficiency and clinical value. NGS not only updates oncology testing by offering quicker, sample-friendly, and sensitive analysis but also reduces the need for multiple individual tests. Cytology samples, often obtained through less invasive methods, can yield high-quality genetic material suitable for molecular analysis. This article focuses on optimizing the use of cytology samples in NGS, and outlines their potential benefits in identifying actionable molecular alterations for targeted therapies across various solid tumors. It also addresses the need for validation studies and the strategies to incorporate or combine different types of samples into routine clinical practice. Integrating cytological and liquid biopsies into routine clinical practice, alongside conventional tissue biopsies, offers a comprehensive approach to tumor genotyping, early disease detection, and monitoring of therapeutic responses across various solid tumor types. For comprehensive biomarker characterization, all patient specimens, although limited, is always valuable.
Development of a Robot-Assisted Fused Deposition Modeling Process for
Enhanced Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Srivastava Kriti , Kumar Yogesh
Published: November 2024

This work aims to define a novel integration of 6 DOF robots with an
extrusion-based 3D printing framework that strengthens the possibility of
implementing control and simulation of the system in multiple degrees of
freedom. Polylactic acid (PLA) is used as an extrusion material for testing,
which is a thermoplastic that is biodegradable and is derived from natural
lactic acid found in corn, maize, and the like. To execute the proposed
framework a virtual working station for the robot was created in RoboDK. RoboDK
interprets G-code from the slicing (Slic3r) software. Further analysis and
experiments were performed by FANUC 2000ia 165F Industrial Robot. Different
tests were performed to check the dimensional accuracy of the parts (rectangle
and cylindrical). When the robot operated at 20% of its maximum speed, a
bulginess was observed in the cylindrical part, causing the radius to increase
from 1 cm to 1.27 cm and resulting in a thickness variation of 0.27 cm at the
bulginess location. However, after optimizing the speed at 35% of its maximum
speed, 100% dimensional accuracy was achieved. The integration resulted in
collision-free robot and extrusion movement, flexibility, capability of making
large parts, and enhanced dimensional accuracy.
Konsep Kota 15 Menit : Peluang dan Tantangan Penerapannya pada Kota Pulau
Authors: Rasyid Risal , Berhitu Pieter Thomas , Metekohy Elvira Florensia
Published: November 2024

The Banda Neira Islands possess significant cultural potential, yet many historical buildings are neglected, and accessibility is limited. With an area of just 3 km², planning that prioritizes pedestrians and cyclists is necessary. This study aims to explore the opportunities and challenges of implementing the 15-Minute City concept in Banda Neira. A qualitative research method is employed, beginning with an assessment of the physical and non-physical conditions in the urban area, particularly aspects related to the 15-Minute City components. The study finds that adjusting facilities based on population density is crucial for supporting the 15-Minute City principle, with high-density areas requiring more facilities, while low-density areas need better accessibility. The current layout allows access within 15 minutes on foot or by bicycle. The diversity of facilities supports social integration, but further digital technology implementation is needed to enhance service access and overall quality of life.
Optimizing Communication for a Humanoid Subs-Talker Robot Using RSSI Analysis on ROS System
Authors: Ar Ramadhan Burhanudin Yusuf Abdullah , Ridho Mochammad Haidar , Qomariyah Anisatul , Sendari Siti , Mahandi Yogi Dwi
Published: November 2024

This study aims to optimize communication for the humanoid "Subs-Talker" robot using Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) analysis within the Robot Operating System (ROS). The background of this research highlights the importance of stable and strong inter-robot communication in the Indonesian Humanoid Robot Soccer Contest (KRSBI-H), where robots need to function in synergy. The method involves measuring signal strength at specific distances, both with and without the use of an extender device, utilizing the InSSIDer application for RSSI data recording and analysis. The results show that using an extender improves communication stability, especially at longer distances (7.2 and 9.0 meters), although the impact is minimal at closer distances. The discussion suggests that an extender can be an effective solution for enhancing inter-robot communication quality in competitions. In conclusion, the extender significantly improves the communication range and signal quality among robots, supporting optimal performance in collaborative robot interactions within the competition arena.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Educational Leadership: Assessing Digital Burnout and Mental Health in Virtual Teaching
Authors: Saboor Abdul , Ali Kashif , Mugheri Adil , Fatima Mukdass
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the role of digital transformation in altering the effects of educator burnout and mental wellbeing by affecting virtual teachers. The increased use of digital technologies in educational institutions has introduced educators with dual content management and technological platform duties that have led to levels of stress among educators. The research methods applied were quantitative, incorporating data that was sourced from 385 teachers. Various educational levels were included: the relationship between digital workload, digital literacy, support administration offered, and psychological indicators of mental health. The findings of this research revealed very highly positive correlations between digital workload and burnout (r = 0.62) and between burnout and mental health, notably anxiety and depression (r = 0.60 and r = 0.65 respectively). Indeed, the study found that increased digital literacy and administration support showed a positive relationship with reduced burnout. Results raise an enormous need for educational leaders to take strategic interventions through the enhancements of support systems, the development of digital literacy, and other resources related to mental health to counter some of the complexities of teaching related to the point of digital teaching. With such strength at its findings, there are indeed still limitations to this study, among which it relied on the self-reported data and the cross-sectional designs where it could not make way for causal inference. Future research should focus on long-term effects of digital transformation for educators' mental health as well as the potency of interventions to prevent burnout in digital educational settings. Findings from this study have implications for policymakers and education institutions looking to develop environments that promote educator wellbeing in the context of digital transformation.
МАРКАЗИЙ ОСИЁНИНГ ҚАДИМГИ ДАВР ЭТНИК ТАРИХИНИ ЁРИТИШДАГИ АЙРИМ МУАММОЛИ МАСАЛАЛАР ВА УСУЛЛАРГА ДОИР
Authors: Рахматиллаев Хасанбой
Published: November 2024

Қадимги тарихни ўрганишда археологик усулларни қўллашдан ташқари палеоантропологик ва этнологик усулларни ҳам қўллаш, олинадиган натижаларни кўпайтиришга ва кенгайтиришга ёрдам бериши Сополлитепа ва Жарқўтон ёдгорликлари мисолида очиб берилди. Ибтидоий давр археологик комплексларида группали кўмиш одатларининг бўлмаганлиги сабабли битта-иккита қабрни топилиши билан олинган антропологик материал одам типини ёки турини аниқлашда у қадар ишончли, яхши материал бермайди. Чунки, жисмоний типни аниқлашнинг энг муҳим жиҳати бу антропологик материалнинг кўплиги унинг ишончлилик даражасининг гаровидир. Шу каби масалалар ушбу мақолада тахлил этилган.
Corrosion Ferritic Stainless Steel in a Simulated Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bioconversion Aqueous Solution: Effect of Surface Cr Content
Authors: Asare E. , Kish J.R. , Zeng Y.
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of surface Cr content on the corrosion of ferritic stainless steels in hot-pressurized alkaline water (310°C at 10 MPa) simulating a hydrothermal liquefaction bioconversion medium. Two methods to increase the Cr surface content were investigated: (i) selecting commercial grades of ferritic stainless steel with an increasing Cr content and (ii) applying a Cr coating (chromizing) to a low-Cr (Type 409) ferritic stainless steel. The observed parabolic-like corrosion kinetics were analyzed and discussed in terms of the structure and composition of the double-layered oxide films that formed. The (surface) Cr content is a critical factor affecting corrosion. Corrosion was reduced by 66% (after 20 d exposure) when increasing the Cr content from 9 wt% (P91) to 21 wt% (SS443) in the commercial grades of ferritic stainless steel. Moreover, corrosion was reduced by 84% (after 20 d exposure) by chromizing the surface of a low-Cr (Type 409) ferritic stainless steel. Improved corrosion protection was attributed to increased Cr incorporation into the inner (barrier) Fe(Fe1-nCrn)2O4 layer, with the formation of a Cr2O3 layer (resulting from chromizing) being most beneficial.
The Mosque of the Blessed Tree in Safawi, Jordan
Authors: Azmi Abu-samra Maher , Joudeh Safa’
Published: November 2024

The Mosque of the Blessed Tree in Mafraq, Jordan represents a revival of Islamic architectural heritage. Situated near an ancient terebinth tree where the Prophet Muhammad is believed to have rested, the mosque was erected according to traditional building techniques and Islamic principles. The design, led by MAS Design Office, involved careful integration of local materials along with load-bearing structures. Despite challenges, including limited time and budget constraints, the project was completed in six months. The mosque's design emphasizes simplicity and balance, with features such as a central dome, shallow domes in prayer halls, and pinnacles echoing traditional minarets. The project also involved training local craftsmen in complex stonemasonry techniques.
“Residencial La Chimenea” en Chinchón, Madrid: Arquitectura tradicional de nueva planta para un conjunto histórico
Authors: Camacho Juan Luis
Published: November 2024

El proyecto nació con el propósito de desarrollar un nuevo conjunto residencial en los terrenos de la antigua Alcoholera de Chinchón, ubicada en los límites del casco histórico del municipio. Esta intervención representó una oportunidad significativa para aplicar a gran escala los valores invariantes de la arquitectura tradicional local. El objetivo de la promoción fue integrar dichos valores de manera que se creara un borde urbano consolidado que además de no obstaculizar la comprensión del núcleo histórico, lo protegiera. De esta manera, se planteó una solución mixta de vivienda y comercio, resuelta mediante una arquitectura que alterna volúmenes de diferente altura y que se organiza en planta alrededor de un ágora y una calle peatonal interior. El conjunto está enmarcado por las características balconadas azules que lo circundan y por la chimenea de la antigua alcoholera, que se erige como hito del conjunto y emblema del lugar.
Una pedagogía de la arquitectura para el siglo XXI
Authors: Polyzoides Stefanos
Published: November 2024

La arquitectura, como disciplina, ha evolucionado a lo largo de la historia en respuesta a los cambios sociales, culturales y ambientales. Su enseñanza debe por tanto equilibrar el conocimiento del pasado con una visión que permita imaginar y diseñar un futuro sostenible y habitable. La Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Notre Dame fundamenta su enfoque académico en el estudio de las tradiciones clásicas y vernáculas, con el objetivo de formar arquitectos que estén comprometidos con un diseño sostenible, duradero y bello. Sus programas académicos, desde la licenciatura hasta el posgrado, ofrecen una formación holística que abarca diversas disciplinas e incluye el dibujo a mano como una herramienta fundamental en el proceso de aprendizaje. El sistema pedagógico de la escuela tiene como fin desarrollar tanto la competencia técnica como la ética de los estudiantes, a los que prepara para enfrentar los desafíos urbanos y ambientales del mundo de hoy.
Vernacular Architecture in the Sotavento Region of the Algarve
Authors: Baganha José
Published: November 2024

The circumstance of a recent commission for work on a tourist/residential development in the area of Castro Marim in Portugal’s Algarve province led me to discover the singularity of the region known as “Sotavento”. This is the southernmost part of Portugal, with the Atlantic to the south, the Baixo Algarve to the west, and with the Algarve Calcário (also known as “Barrocal”) extending north of the Ria Formosa lagoon, sheltered by its islands, and stretching down to the town of Tavira, north to the Serra do Caldeirão, in its eastern range forming a boundary with the inner Baixo Alentejo, and east to the river Guadiana. This article arises from a study I made of the region. The regional singularities we find here are, as elsewhere, various manifestations of the way humans inhabit the landscape and build dwellings and shelters for animals as well as accommodating the activities (chiefly farming and fishing) plied here over the centuries.
La casa del Renacimiento búlgaro: Estado actual, riesgos y oportunidades
Authors: Alcaide De Wandeleer Lucas
Published: November 2024

Este artículo profundiza en el conocimiento de la arquitectura de la casa búlgara durante el Despertar Nacional, con un análisis de su contexto histórico y cultural, de los condicionantes climáticos y paisajísticos, de los sistemas constructivos –algunos de ellos originales como los entramados de poste y tabla–, de los oficios tradicionales y de la patología habitual. Posteriormente, se enfoca en la situación actual, reflejada en su estado de conservación y uso. Se toma como caso de estudio las casas Kozichkovi en el pueblo de Kotel, sobre las que se realiza un análisis intensivo, lo que permite aportar información clave para su comprensión. El estudio concluye que, a pesar de estar gravemente amenazada, esta arquitectura aún puede conservarse y ofrece diversas oportunidades para su revitalización.
El Barrio de Bodegas de Baltanás, Palencia: Un ejemplo de cambio de modelo en la conservación del patrimonio cultural
Authors: Del Río-Calleja Beatriz , Sanz-Arauz David , Rodríguez-Escalante María , Muñoz Cosme Alfonso
Published: November 2024

En la villa palentina de Baltanás (España) se ubica un notable conjunto de 374 bodegas excavadas en dos elevaciones adyacentes al núcleo urbano. Durante los últimos años se han implementado diversas acciones promovidas por el Ayuntamiento y la Asociación de Bodegas, con el apoyo de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, para proteger, conservar y difundir este valioso patrimonio. Entre estas acciones destacan la declaración del conjunto como Bien de Interés Cultural, la redacción de un Plan Especial, el lanzamiento de una campaña de micromecenazgo, el levantamiento tridimensional planimétrico de parte del conjunto, la investigación del patrimonio inmaterial asociado y la futura elaboración de un plan de conservación preventiva. Estas intervenciones forman parte de una estrategia de conservación sostenible que aprovecha las singulares características del Barrio de Bodegas de Baltanás como laboratorio para experimentar con instrumentos innovadores de gestión del patrimonio cultural.
Traditional Building Knowledge in Indian Lime and Earthen Plasters
Authors: Paul Rosie , Girirajan Sanjani , Changali Sridevi
Published: November 2024

India's traditional building systems and knowledge involving natural materials provide fine examples of low-carbon, place-adaptive architectural solutions as well as embodying simplicity and holistic sustainability. They utilize locally available materials prepared and applied so as to build structures and dwellings that are resilient to climate conditions and able to provide comfort and livability. Culturally, this knowledge is transferred orally from generation to generation and continuously recreated. Unfortunately these knowledge systems and practices have become endangered owing to a rupture in their continuity for reasons such as a preference for and incentivization of easier conventional solutions like cement and steel. With a focus on natural plasters used traditionally, this paper highlights some of these diverse plasters along with their natural additives.
Las lecciones de la Alhambra: Arquitectura, medioambiente, cultura
Authors: Prieto Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Con su poderoso sentido territorial y su intrincada red de edificios, jardines, huertas y canales, la ciudad palatina de la Alhambra es uno de los ejemplos más sofisticados de la arquitectura islámica, pero también un extraordinario modelo de arquitectura medioambiental ligada a una cultura material y simbólica no menos extraordinaria. Se trata de un modelo del que se pueden seguir sacando lecciones, que van desde la implantación rigurosa en el contexto y la ingeniosa relación con los recursos hídricos, hasta el uso de un catálogo de elementos restringido pero eficaz, y que pasa por el empleo de tipos medioambientales y estrategias de composición basadas en la organización por estratos, la porosidad, el uso de filtros, la profundidad, el uso de los espacios habitados como conductos termodinámicos y la sabia combinación de la inercia térmica con la ventilación natural.
A Richly Illustrated Compendium of Filipino Architecture
Authors: Rey Lico Gerard
Published: November 2024

Rino D.A. Fernandez, Kristina M.A. BanzonAn Illustrated Introduction to Filipino ArchitectureUniversity of Santo Tomas Publishing House, 2023
De Algemesí a Baasneere, las dos orillas: Tradición vernácula y modernidad arquitectónica
Authors: Fortià i Rius Josep Maria
Published: November 2024

Camila Mileto, Fernando Vegas y Lidia García-Soriano (eds.)Burkina Faso. Arquitectura, Cultura y CooperaciónUniversitat Politècnica de València, 2024
Las artes de la construcción están de enhorabuena
Authors: Martí Guitera Lucas
Published: November 2024

Alejandro García Hermida, Guillermo Gil Fernánez y Rebeca Gómez-Gordo VillaNueva Arquitectura Tradicional MMXXIVFundación Culturas Constructivas Tradicionales, 2024
INVESTIGATING STUDENTS’ FEEDBACK TOWARD SPEAKING MATERIAL BASED ON CAPCUT APPS IN TEACHING TEXTBOOK OF MERDEKA KURIKULUM
Authors: NAFSIAH NAFSIAH
Published: November 2024

This article Investigates the feedback of students toward Capcut application for Extensive Speaking. It is assumed that speaking is a difficult skill to do since for EFL recognized it as undaily spoken. In this article, the author wants to find students' feedback on the apps after the author give them how to design personal speaking video in Capcut. This research is mixed method by using the interview and survey as the method in collecting data. Hence, fIve students became the sample in this research. Besides that, the author also  provides the observation as the supporting data to look on how the student engage with the apps. The data were taken from a school in Pamayaran, Banten province. This. It makes the proper subject to collect the data from these students. The findings demonstrate that the Cacput apps give students a new lease on life in terms of motivation, Confidence, and Creativity.
Effect of feeding guava agroindustrial waste on nutrient utilization, lamb performance and economic analysis
Authors: Torres Nobre Priscila , Costa Roberto Germano , Dias-Silva Tairon Pannunzio , Ribeiro Neila Lidiany , Chaves Gurgel Antonio Leandro , Coutinho Beltrão Leo Gustavo , Beltrão Cruz George Rodrigo , Borges Iran , Lorenzo Jose Manuel
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Our study sought to investigate the impact of incorporating guava agroindustrial waste (GAW) at varying concentrations on nutrient utilization, lamb performance and economic viability. Forty non-castrated, 4-month-old Santa Inês lambs with an initial mean weight of 21.3 ± 2.18 kg were utilized in a confined setting. These lambs were allocated randomly to five treatment groups, each consisting of eight replicates, and were subjected to diets containing increasing levels of GAW (0 %, 7.5 %, 15 %, 22.5 % and 30 % based on dry matter). The feed formulation also included Tifton hay, corn, soybean and mineral salt. Throughout the trial period, parameters such as dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility and economic metrics were meticulously evaluated. Notably, the performance metrics among the different GAW treatments did not exhibit statistically significant differences (p > 0.05), with an average daily gain of 328 g d−1 observed across all the groups. However, there was a discernible positive effect on the intake of ether extract (p > 0.05). Regarding nutrient digestibility, only the crude protein digestibility demonstrated no significant variance (p > 0.001) among the treatments. Consequently, our findings suggest that GAW can be effectively integrated into sheep diets at levels of up to 30 % without compromising lamb performance. Moreover, from an economic standpoint, this incorporation proves to be the most financially viable and cost-effective option among the evaluated treatments.
Atmospheric sounding of the boundary layer over alpine glaciers using fixed-wing UAVs
Authors: Groos Alexander Raphael , Brand Nicolas , Bronz Murat , Philipp Andreas
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Glaciers are an integral part of the high mountain environment and interact with the overlying atmosphere and surrounding terrain in a complex and dynamic manner. The energy exchange between the glacier surface and the overlying atmosphere controls ice melt rates and promotes the formation of a low-level katabatic jet that interacts with other, often thermally driven winds in alpine terrain. Information on the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer over glaciers is crucial for studying the characteristics of the katabatic jet, its broader cooling effect, and its susceptibility to be broken up by strong valley or synoptic winds that promote heat advection from the ice- and snow-free periphery towards the glacier. While the number of ground-based measurements from weather stations and meteorological towers installed on glaciers for boundary layer research has increased in recent years, a lightweight and mobile measurement technique for atmospheric sounding over alpine glaciers has not yet been available. Here we describe a new measurement technique based on a low-cost and open-source fixed-wing UAV, which allows sounding the atmospheric boundary layer over glaciers up to several hundred metres above the surface. Vertical profiles of air temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction and turbulence can be derived from the meteorological and flight recorder data collected by the UAV. The results of a measurement campaign on the Kanderfirn in the Swiss Alps on 16 June 2021 demonstrate the potential of the technique and highlight typical features of the boundary layer above a melting glacier surface. The soundings reveal a persistent low-level katabatic jet, characterised by a pronounced surface-based inversion, relatively dry air, high wind speeds and enhanced turbulence, and a warmer and more humid valley wind aloft.
Constraining pesticide degradation in conceptual distributed catchment models with compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
Authors: Payraudeau Sylvain , Alvarez-Zaldivar Pablo , van Dijk Paul , Imfeld Gwenaël
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The prediction of pesticide dissipation on the catchment scale through hydrological models often encounters challenges due to the limited availability of field data capable of distinguishing between degradative and non-degradative processes. This limitation complicates the calibration of pesticide dissipation and frequently results in equifinality, impeding the reliable forecast of pesticide persistence in soil and its transportation from agricultural plots to the catchment outlet. This study examines the benefits of integrating pesticide Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) data to improve the predictive accuracy of models assessing pesticide persistence in soil and off-site transport at the catchment scale. The research was conducted in a 47-ha crop catchment, focusing on the widely used pre-emergence herbicide S-metolachlor. A novel conceptual model, named PIBEACH, was developed to predict daily pesticide dissipation in soil and its transport to rivers, incorporating changes of the carbon isotopic signatures (δ13C) of the targeted pesticide during degradation. Parameter and model uncertainties were estimated using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method. The inclusion of field data on S-metolachlor concentrations in the topsoil and their associated δ13C values in the model resulted in a more than two-fold reduction in uncertainties related to S-metolachlor degradation half-life and six metrics of pesticide persistence and off-site transport. Moreover, the study indicates that a moderate yet targeted sampling effort can effectively identify hot-spots and hot-moments of pesticide degradation in agricultural soil when isotope fractionation is integrated into the model. In summary, the incorporation of CSIA data into conceptual distributed hydrological models holds the potential to alleviate parameter equifinality, therewith significantly improving our ability to predict the dynamics of pesticide degradation on the catchment scale.
Evaluating the accuracy of downwind methods for quantifying point source emissions
Authors: Mbua Mercy , Riddick Stuart N. , Kiplimo Elijah , Zimmerle Daniel
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The accurate reporting of methane (CH4) emissions from point sources, such as fugitive leaks from oil and gas infrastructure, is important for evaluating climate change impacts, assessing CH4 fees for regulatory programs, and validating methane intensity in differentiated gas programs. Currently, there are disagreements between emissions reported by different quantification techniques for the same sources. It has been suggested that downwind CH4 quantification methods using CH4 measurements on the fence-line of production facilities could be used to generate emission estimates from oil and gas operations at the site level, but it is currently unclear how accurate the quantified emissions are. To investigate model accuracy, this study uses fence-line simulated data collected during controlled release experiments as input for eddy covariance, aerodynamic flux gradient and the Gaussian plume inverse methods in a range of atmospheric conditions. The results show that both the eddy covariance and aerodynamic flux gradient methods underestimated emissions in all experiments. Although calculated emissions had significant uncertainty, the Gaussian plume inversion method performed better. The uncertainty was found to have no significant correlation with most measurement variables (i.e. downwind measurement distance, wind speed, atmospheric stability, or emission height), which indicates that the Gaussian method can randomly either underestimate or overestimate emissions. For eddy covariance, downwind measurement distance and percent error had negative correlation indicating that far away emissions sources were likely underestimated or be undetected. The study concludes that using fence-line measurement data as input to eddy covariance, aerodynamic flux gradient or Gaussian plume inverse method to quantify CH4 emissions from an oil and gas production site is unlikely to generate representative emission estimates.
Old Carbon, New Insights: Thermal Reactivity and Bioavailability of Saltmarsh Soils
Authors: Houston Alex , Garnett Mark H. , Smith Jo , Austin William E. N.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Saltmarshes are globally important coastal wetlands which can store carbon for millennia, helping to mitigate the impacts of climate change. They accumulate organic carbon from both autochthonous sources (above- and belowground plant production) and allochthonous sources (terrestrial and marine sediments deposited during tidal inundation). Previous studies have found that long-term organic carbon storage in saltmarsh soils is driven by the pre-aged allochthonous fraction, implying that autochthonous organic carbon is recycled at a faster rate. However, it is also acknowledged that the bioavailability of soil organic carbon depends as much upon environmental conditions as the reactivity of the organic carbon itself. Until now, there has been no empirical evidence linking the reactivity of saltmarsh soil organic carbon with its bioavailability for remineralization. We found that the 14C age of CO2 produced during ramped oxidation of soils from the same saltmarsh ranged from 201 to 14,875 years BP, and that 14C-depleted (older) carbon evolved from higher temperature ramped oxidation fractions, indicating that older carbon dominates the thermally recalcitrant fractions. In most cases, the 14C content of the lowest temperature ramped oxidation fraction (the most thermally labile organic C source) was closest to the previously reported 14C content of the CO2 evolved from aerobic incubations of the same soils, implying that the latter was from a thermally labile organic carbon source. This implies that the bioavailability of saltmarsh soil organic carbon to remineralisation in oxic conditions is closely related to its thermal reactivity. Management interventions (e.g. rewetting by tidal inundation) to limit the exposure of saltmarsh soils to elevated oxygen availability may help to protect and conserve these stores of old, labile organic carbon and hence limit CO2 emissions.