bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The medicinal perspective of 2,4‐thiazolidinediones based ligands as antimicrobial, antitumor and antidiabetic agents: A review
Authors: Kajal Kumari , Singh Gurpreet , Pradhan Tathagata , Bhurta Deendyal , Monga Vikramdeep
Published: June 2022

2,4‐Thiazolidinedione (2,4‐TZD), commonly known as glitazone, is a ubiquitous heterocyclic pharmacophore possessing a plethora of pharmacological activities and offering a vast opportunity for structural modification. The diverse range of biological activities endowed with a novel mode of action, low cost, and easy synthesis has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists. Several researchers have integrated the TZD core with different structural fragments to develop a wide range of lead molecules against various clinical disorders. The most common sites for structural modifications at the 2,4‐TZD nucleus are the N‐3 and the active methylene at C‐5. The review covers the recent development of TZD derivatives such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic agents. Various 2,4‐TZD based agents or drugs, which are either under clinical development or in the market, are discussed in the study. Different synthetic methodologies for synthesizing the 2,4‐TZD core are also included in the manuscript. The importance of various substitutions at N‐3 and C‐5 and the mechanisms of action and structure–activity relationships are also discussed. We hope this study will serve as a valuable tool for the scientific community engaged in the structural exploitation of the 2,4‐TZD core for developing novel drug m\olecules for life‐threatening ailments.
Classical and Bayesian estimations of improved Weibull–Weibull distribution for complete and censored failure times data
Authors: Wang Hong , Abba Badamasi , Pan Jianxin
Published: June 2022

In this article, we demonstrate how to enhance the Weibull–Weibull (WW) distribution introduced in the earlier literature into a better form for fitting monotone and non‐monotone failure rate data, especially the bathtub‐shaped failure rate data with or without a flat region. The model is referred to as an improved WW distribution. The model's flexibility enables it to describe lifetime data with various failure rate functions, including increasing, decreasing, U or V‐shaped, and bathtub‐shaped with a comparatively low and long‐flat segment. We provide a thorough Bayesian analysis of the modified model for complete and right‐censored data. Additionally, we developed maximum likelihood estimators for the model's parameters for both complete and right‐censored data. The Bayesian credible and asymptotic confidence intervals of the estimators are defined, and simulation results validate the estimators' consistency. To illustrate the applications of the improved distribution with the WW and other generalized distributions, we apply one censored and one uncensored failure times data, each with bathtub‐shaped failure rates. The numerical results demonstrate that the improved WW model outperforms the WW distribution and other existing models, as indicated by goodness‐of‐fit statistics and supported by the fitted models' survival and failure rate curves and P‐P plots.
Cabazitaxel versus docetaxel for treatment of metastatic castrate refractory prostate cancer
Authors: James Nicholas D. , Ali Ayesha , Pope Ann , Desai Amisha , Ford Daniel , Stevenson Robert , Zarkar Anjali , Pirrie Sarah ,    the CANTATA investigators
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To assess cabazitaxel versus docetaxel re‐challenge for the treatment of metastatic castrate refractory prostate cancer (CRPC) patients previously treated with docetaxel at inception of primary hormone therapy.

Patients and Methods

The CANTATA trial was a prospective, two‐arm, open‐label, phase II study conducted in eight UK centres. Patients over the age of 18, with histologically proven, metastatic prostate cancer who had been previously treated with up to 6 cycles of docetaxel as part of the STAMPEDE trial (or treated with the same drug outside of the trial at primary diagnosis) and had a performance status (PS) of 0–2, were eligible. Patients who progressed during primary treatment with docetaxel or had received prior systemic chemotherapy were excluded. Cabazitaxel (25 mg/m2) or docetaxel (75 mg/m2) was administered via intravenous infusion every 3 weeks with oral prednisolone (10 mg) for up to 10 cycles, until disease progression, death or unacceptable toxicity. The primary outcome was clinical progression‐free survival (PFS) as defined by either date of pain progression, date of a cancer‐related skeletal‐related event, or date of death from any cause. Analyses were by intention to treat. EudraCT number: 2012‐003835‐40

Results

Between 7 March 2013 and 4 January 2016, 15 patients with a median age of 70 years (range 54–76) were recruited; seven received cabazitaxel, eight docetaxel. The study was halted due to slow accrual. The median clinical PFS time in the cabazitaxel group was 6.2 months compared with 8.4 for the docetaxel group (95% confidence intervals were not reached due to the small number of patients). A total of 13 serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion

Due to the low number of patients recruited, meaningful comparisons could not be made. However, toxicity was in line with known outcomes for these agents, demonstrating it is feasible and safe to deliver chemotherapy to men relapsing with CRPC after upfront chemotherapy.
When the poor give more than the rich: The role of resource evaluability on relative giving
Authors: Pittarello Andrea , Motsenok Marina , Dickert Stephan , Ritov Ilana
Published: June 2022

Five experiments examined the role of resource evaluability on giving. We systematically varied participants' resources they and another potential donor received and whether they could donate to a recipient either by themselves or with the other donor. Participants in the relative advantage condition received more resources than the other donor, and those in the relative disadvantage condition received fewer resources than the other donor. The presence of the other donor made participants' resources evaluable and shaped giving: Relatively disadvantaged participants were proportionally more generous than advantaged participants but only when they could evaluate their resources. Neither the mere presence of others nor reputational concerns could explain the results. Exploratory mediation and moderation analyses further showed that relatively disadvantaged participants give proportionally more the higher and the more equal they perceive their status to the advantaged donor. This shows that the generosity of those who have less does depend on how they evaluate their status compared to other donors. Our results provide insights into the question of why and when resource asymmetries between donors result in prosocial giving and can influence fundraising strategies of charitable organizations.
Genotype–phenotype spectrum and correlations in Xia‐Gibbs syndrome: Report of five novel cases and literature review
Authors: Romano Ferruccio , Falco Mariateresa , Cappuccio Gerarda , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Lonardo Fortunato , Torella Annalaura , Digilio Maria Cristina , Dentici Maria Lisa , Alfieri Paolo , Agolini Emanuele , Novelli Antonio , Garavelli Livia , Accogli Andrea ,   TUDP, Striano Pasquale , Scarano Gioacchino , Nigro Vincenzo , Scala Marcello , Capra Valeria
Published: June 2022

Background

Xia‐Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the AT‐hook DNA‐binding motif‐containing 1 gene (AHDC1), encoding a protein with a crucial role in transcription and epigenetic regulation, axonogenesis, brain function, and neurodevelopment. AHDC1 variants possibly act through a dominant‐negative mechanism and may interfere with DNA repair processes, leading to genome instability and impaired DNA translesion repair. Variants affecting residues closer to the N‐terminal are thought to determine a milder phenotype with better cognitive performances. However, clean‐cut genotype–phenotype correlations are still lacking.

Cases

In this study, we investigated five subjects with XGS in whom exome sequencing led to the identification of five novel de novo pathogenic variants in AHDC1. All variants were extremely rare and predicted to cause a loss of protein function. The phenotype of the reported patients included developmental delay, hypotonia, and distinctive facial dysmorphisms. Additionally, uncommon clinical features were observed, including congenital hypothyroidism and peculiar skeletal abnormalities.

Conclusions

In this study, we report uncommon XGS features associated with five novel truncating variants in AHDC, thus expanding the genotype and phenotypic spectrum of this complex condition. We also compared our cases to previously reported cases, discussing the current status of genotype–phenotype correlations in XGS.
Escherichia coli chemotaxis to competing stimuli in a microfluidic device with a constant gradient
Authors: Zhao Xueying , Ford Roseanne M.
Published: June 2022

In natural systems bacteria are exposed to many chemical stimulants; some attract chemotactic bacteria as they promote survival, while others repel bacteria because they inhibit survival. When faced with a mixture of chemoeffectors, it is not obvious which direction the population will migrate. Predicting this direction requires an understanding of how bacteria process information about their surroundings. We used a multiscale mathematical model to relate molecular level details of their two‐component signaling system to the probability that an individual cell changes its swimming direction to the chemotactic velocity of a bacterial population. We used a microfluidic device designed to maintain a constant chemical gradient to compare model predictions to experimental observations. We obtained parameter values for the multiscale model of Escherichia coli chemotaxis to individual stimuli, α‐methylaspartate and nickel ion, separately. Then without any additional fitting parameters, we predicted bacteria response to chemoeffector mixtures. Migration of E. coli toward α‐methylaspartate was modulated by adding increasing concentrations of nickel ion. Thus, the migration direction was controlled by the relative concentrations of competing chemoeffectors in a predictable way. This study demonstrated the utility of a multiscale model to predict the migration direction of bacteria in the presence of competing chemoeffectors.
Opposition to immigration: How people who identify with far‐right discourses legitimize the social exclusion of immigrants
Authors: Fernandes‐Jesus Maria , Rochira Alessia , Mannarini Terri
Published: June 2022

This study sought to develop our understanding of how people legitimize opposition to immigration. Thirty‐eight interviews were conducted with people who self‐identified with far‐right anti‐immigration discourses, in Italy (N = 23) and Portugal (N = 15). Using reflexive thematic analysis, we developed four related themes. In the first theme, ‘They're guests’: Legitimizing exclusion by differentiating (non‐) immigrants, we discuss how despite differentiating between types of immigrants, participants support their social exclusion and always perceive them as guests. In the second theme, ‘White people exist’: Multiple and intersected identity threats, we identify how anti‐immigration is legitimized by recurring multiple group threats including ownership, economic, security, cultural, and existential threats. In the third theme, ‘It's like your home’: Justifying exclusionary solidarity based on ownership rights, we illustrate how collective ownership is used to justify practices of exclusionary solidarity. In the fourth theme ‘This is me’: Being born and becoming anti‐immigration, we discuss how opposition to immigration was constructed and influenced by contextual conditions as well as international sources of information. The implications of these findings are discussed while considering how participants' experiences and social contexts shape how they perceive immigration and legitimize the social exclusion of immigrants.
Sharing on platforms: Reducing perceived risk for peer‐to‐peer platform consumers through trust‐building and regulation
Authors: Marth Sarah , Hartl Barbara , Penz Elfriede
Published: June 2022

Sharing a flat with strangers is no longer hypothetical but well accepted by many consumers who participate in peer‐to‐peer (P2P) services. Online P2P sharing platforms act as intermediaries between providers and consumers who do not know each other personally. Sharing via platforms entails a certain amount of risk for consumers. Thus, in order to attract consumers, platforms need to apply mechanisms to reduce the perceived risk of potential consumers. In a prestudy and two experimental online surveys, the current research investigates whether trust‐building measures and regulation mechanisms presented on a website can reduce the potential consumers' level of perceived risk and increase their willingness to participate in a platform's sharing offer. First, an analysis of existing P2P accommodation platforms showed a lack of regulation mechanisms. Second, the manipulation of information on P2P accommodation platforms' websites in two online experiments revealed that regulation mechanisms led to lower perceived risk and a higher intention to engage in sharing. However, commonly used trust‐building measures on P2P accommodation platforms show no significant effect on risk perception and the intention to engage in sharing in the present study. We point out relevant managerial possibilities to minimise the perceived risk of potential consumers of P2P platforms.
Not so bad after all: How format influences review writers' post‐review evaluations
Authors: Grigsby Jamie L. , Zamudio César , Jewell Robert D.
Published: June 2022

While a great deal of research has explored how different formats of online reviews can influence the review reader, less research has explored how writing in different styles of reviews can influence the review writer. This research contributes to the online review literature by exploring how informational versus story review formats influence the review writer's product or service evaluation. Although prior research has found that stories are effective at persuading readers, the current research finds evidence to the contrary for review writers. Writers of negative informational reviews reported evaluations that were less negative after writing the review compared to those who wrote story reviews. Surprisingly, negative informational reviews can make positive aspects of the product or service experience more salient, hence tempering the effects of a negative product experience and positively influencing evaluations. If retailers are interested in improving consumers' product or service evaluations after a negative experience, this research suggests that they would be better served by asking consumers to write an informational review as compared to a story review.
Foldable Detergents for Membrane Protein Stability
Authors: Youn Taeyeol , Yoon Soyoung , Byrne Bernadette , Chae Pil Seok
Published: June 2022

Detergents are widely used for membrane protein structural study. Many recently developed detergents contain multiple tail and head groups, which are typically connected via a small and branched linker. Due to their inherent compact structures, with small inter‐alkyl chain distances, these detergents form micelles with high alkyl chain density in the interiors, a feature favorably associated with membrane‐protein stability. A recent study on tandem triazine maltosides (TZMs) revealed a distinct trend; despite possession of an apparently large inter‐alkyl chain distance, the TZM−Es were highly effective at stabilizing membrane proteins. Thanks to the incorporation of a flexible spacer between the two triazine rings in the linker region, these detergents are prone to folding into a compact architecture in micellar environments instead of adopting an extended conformation. Detergent foldability represents a new concept of novel detergent design with significant potential for future detergent development.
Carbon Shell‐Encapsulated Metal Alloy Catalysts with Pt‐Rich Surfaces for Selective Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Ko Keonwoo , Min Jiho , Kim Yunjin , Hong Min Woo , Jeffery A. Anto , Chougule Sourabh S. , Bok Yi Kwang , Jung Namgee
Published: June 2022

The performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is deteriorated by the occurrence of reverse current flow. To suppress the reverse current flow, a hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR)‐selective catalyst based on the molecular sieve effect should be developed. Here, considering the carbon solubility in transition metals, carbon shell‐encapsulated metal alloy nanoparticles with superior HOR selectivity were fabricated using carbon source in metal precursors. In particular, we introduced carbon solubility as the important parameter that should be considered in the catalyst design. Using Pt and Co with different carbon solubility, as a model catalyst, the effect of the metal composition of the core material on the carbon shell structure was discussed in detail. Due to the formation of high‐density carbon shell and Pt‐rich surface on the alloy nanoparticle, the HOR selectivity was remarkably enhanced. Therefore, this study provides insights into the development of carbon shell‐encapsulated nanoparticles for reaction‐selective catalysis.
Prediction of melter cold‐cap topology from plenum temperatures with computational fluid dynamics and machine learning
Authors: Abboud Alexander W. , Guillen Donna P. , Christensen Bailey A.
Published: June 2022

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a pilot‐scale waste‐glass melter was used to generate input data for several different machine‐learning models to predict the cold‐cap coverage from plenum temperatures. This methodology could serve as useful to provide nonvisual feedback for operational control. The machine‐learning models tested include an artificial neural network (ANN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a random forest (RF) algorithm, and a support vector machine (SVM) method. CFD simulations with randomized cold‐cap coverage were run to generate plenum‐temperature distributions. The topology of the cold cap was predicted with each method using an input layer of selected temperature locations. The ANN was used to predict the cold‐cap coverage percentage with an accuracy of 1.2%. The accuracy of the various machine‐learning algorithms was dependent on the filter resolution employed. When using a low resolution (16‐cm filter), the CNN and ANN methods produced the best accuracy, with errors of 6.98% and 6.58%, respectively. At finer levels of resolution (4‐cm filter), the RF method produced the best accuracy, with an error of 8.12%. The ANN and SVM methods required less computational time to train than either the CNN or RF methods.
Dehydrogenation Based Asymmetric Epoxidation of Arylalkanes to Chiral Epoxides
Authors: Su Yiting , Yu Feng , Liu Guixia , Huang Zheng
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

We report herein a formal asymmetric epoxidation of arylalkanes enabled by a one‐pot dual‐catalysts system comprising a pincer Ir catalyst for alkane dehydrogenation‐alkene isomerization (AD‐ISO) and a chiral ketone catalyst for asymmetric alkene epoxidation. This protocol provides a catalytic method for the synthesis of aryl epoxides in useful yields with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity directly from readily available alkyl arenes. Stereospecific derivatizations of the epoxidation product allow access to various enantioenriched compounds.
Images in transformation: The color and its change in a group of Portuguese paintings from the second half of the 16th century
Authors: Pinheiro de Melo Helena , Cruz António João , Sanyova Jana , Valadas Sara , Cardoso Ana Margarida , Candeias António
Published: June 2022

Four panel paintings depicting episodes related to the birth of Christ and attributed to the Portuguese mannerist painter Francisco João (doc. 1558–1585) were found to exhibit a muted palette that had no correspondence with the traditionally vivid colors used in the sixteenth century to represent joyful biblical events. Complementing previous research on the disruption and loss of the red glazes in these paintings, the investigation focused on the analysis of materials, painting technique and degradation issues that further affected the original paintings, changing the viewer's perception and understanding of these artworks. The investigation combined the visual examination of the painting surface with microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of the binder and pigments. A conventional palette made of lead white, lead‐tin yellow, ochres, vermilion, verdigris, smalt, azurite, carbon black and a red lake made of brazilwood and cochineal was identified. The pigments were bound in an oil‐based medium. Chemical and physical alterations detected in paints rich in smalt and verdigris were found to be responsible for color changes affecting significant areas of the compositions. The presence of moisture and the reaction between pigment and binder leading, among other products, to soap and oxalate formation, played a central role in the long‐term behavior of the paint film. Understanding the main degradation processes involved and their consequences is crucial when interpreting an artists' color palette and designing the best approach to preserve these paintings.
Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system with elephant herding optimization based energy management scheme
Authors: Roy Kallol , Kamal Krishna Mandal , Atis Chandra Mandal
Published: June 2022

It's not uncommon for renewable energy sources to be regarded a good investment because of the current state of the global economy. It may be difficult to locate such resources if microgrid technologies do not meet the requirements. An elephant herding optimization (EHO) was offered as a solution to the challenges of heuristic methods. Adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system is used to train the EHO in this technique. The primary contribution of this essay is to optimize battery use in order to maximize battery consumption. The goal of this project is to lower operating expenses while also improving the accuracy of forecasts. Given a number of programming uncertainties depending on parameters. The proposed method is tested in MATLAB/Simulink, and the results are compared to the theoretical results. In order to ensure compatibility and competency, the new method is compared to the present cuttlefish algorithm and the whale optimization algorithm.
Hospital presenting suicidal ideation: A systematic review
Authors: Fawcett Emma , O'Reilly Gary
Published: June 2022

Background

Research indicates that the emergency department is the primary setting for people to present with suicidal ideation. Attempting to provide interventions for this population depends greatly on understanding their needs and life circumstances at the time of presentation to services, therefore enabling more appropriate treatment pathways and services to be provided.

Aim

This review aims to collate, evaluate and synthesize the empirical research focused on the population of people presenting to hospital settings with suicidal ideation.

Method

A systematic literature search was performed. Articles that met a specified set of inclusion criteria including participants being over 18, not being admitted to hospital and presenting to an emergency department setting underwent a quality assessment and data analysis. The quality assessment used was the EPHPP Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (Thomas et al., 2004).

Results

Twenty‐seven articles were included in the review. Studies were quantitative and of reasonable methodological quality (Thomas et al., 2004). The literature was characterized by demographic information, mental health factors associated with the presentation to hospital and treatment pathways or outcomes reported. The reviewed research showed that people presenting to emergency departments with suicidal ideation were varying in age, gender, ethnic background and socio‐economic status (SES). Large proportions of studies reported psychosocial factors alongside interpersonal struggles as the main presenting reason. The review highlights large variability across these factors. Mental health diagnosis was common, previous suicide attempt was a risk factor, and treatment pathways were unclear. The review identifies the outstanding gaps and weaknesses in this literature as well as areas in need of future research.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the review highlights the prevalence of people reporting interpersonal factors as the reason for suicidal ideation and not mental health disorders or diagnosis. Despite this, no mention of trauma or life stories was made in any study assessing this population. Despite a large variation across studies making synthesis difficult, data proves clinically relevant and informative for future practice and guidance on areas needing further research.
Predicting Material Properties by Deep Graph Networks
Authors: Jiang Hantong , Lin Xuanjie , Wang Liquan , Ren Yongsheng , Zhan Shu , Ma Wenhui
Published: June 2022

Nodes and edges constitute crystal structures, so crystal structures are easy to express as graphs. Using graph networks to predict material properties has been a prevailing view in the past years. Neural networks are used to fit the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results to predict the properties of various materials. Based on this train of thought, the authors develop graph neural network models for predicting material properties with crystal structure data, and the model gets competitive results with Material Project datasets. It is demonstrated that the authors’ model outperforms other ML methods. Like MEGNet, this model makes input data three parts: nodes, edges, and global. Using Graph Attention Network (GAT) can aggregate node data with edge information and get attention to important areas in graphs. Integrating three features retains structural information and is more suitable for mapping the original distribution of crystal structures.
Financial performance under board gender diversity: The mediating effect of corporate social practices
Authors: Boukattaya Sonia , Ftiti Zied , Ben Arfa Nouha , Omri Abdelwahed
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to examine whether the corporate social practices (CSP) affect the board gender diversity–financial performance relationship. Taking a sample of French firms listed in the SBF 120 index during 2005–2019 period, we used the mediation effect steps analysis to test the mediation effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) versus corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) on the relationship between board gender diversity and the firm's performance. First, our findings show that board gender diversity has a stronger impact on CSI than CSR. Second, we confirm that CSP exert an asymmetric effect on financial performance in favour of CSI. Finally, we show that CSI plays a mediating role between board gender diversity and financial performance.
Mass versus personalized medicine againstCOVID‐19 in the “system sciences” era
Authors: Teodori Laura , Osimani Barbara , Isidoro Ciro , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: June 2022

The importance of personalized/precision medicine for targeted therapies and improved outcomes both in terms of efficacy and safety in health care is by now grounded. We here discuss the current landscape of personalized medicine approaches against SARS‐CoV‐2. A schematic of the approach is illustrated in the figure in the text.
Development of a 27‐color panel for the detection of measurable residual disease in patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Soh Kah Teong , Conway Alexis , Liu Xiaojun , Wallace Paul K.
Published: June 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) measurable residual disease (MRD) evaluated by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) is a surrogate for progression‐free and overall survival in clinical trials and patient management. Due to the limited number of detection channels available in conventional flow cytometers, panels used for assessing AML MRD are typically split into multiple tubes. This cripples the simultaneous and correlated assessment of all myeloblast measurements. In response, we prototyped a single‐tube 27‐color MFC assay for the evaluation of AML MRD, incorporating all recommended markers. Marrow aspirates from 22 patients were processed for analysis using full spectrum flow cytometry (FSFC). The signal resolution of each marker was compared between samples stained with single antibody vs. the fully stained panel. The analytical accuracy for quantifying hematopoietic cells between our established 8‐color assay and the new 27‐color method were compared. Variations within an operator and between separate operators were assessed to evaluate the assays reproducibility. The limited of blank (LOB), limit of detection (LOD), and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the 27‐color method were empirically determined using limiting dilution experiments. The stability of antibody cocktails over a period of 120 h was also studied using cryopreserved marrow cells. The stain indices for all antibodies were lower in the fully stained panel compared to cells stained with one antibody but clear separations between negative and positive signals were achieved for all antibodies. Our results demonstrated a high concordance between the established 8‐color method and the new 27‐color assay for enumerating myeloblasts and MRD interpretation within and between operators. The data further showed that the single‐tube 27‐color assay easily achieved the minimum required detection sensitivity of 0.1%. When antibodies were combined, however, expression intensity of some antigens deteriorated significantly when stored. Our single‐tube 27‐color panel is a suitable, high sensitivity flow cytometric approach that can be used for AML MRD testing, which improves the correlation of aberrant antigens and detection of asynchronous differentiation patterns. Based on the stability study, we recommend the full panel be made prior to staining.
Watch for discrimination against Russian students, staff, faculty
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2022

T he effects of the Russia–Ukraine war have been felt across the globe, including in American higher education. Colleges and universities scrambled to recall study‐abroad students from high‐risk areas of Eastern Europe. Similarly, some U.S. colleges and universities decided to end research partnerships and cut other financial ties with Russian universities and organizations. However, their main focus has been on providing support to Ukrainian students attending colleges and universities in the United States.
Implement high‐impact practices to increase student engagement, success
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2022

WASHINGTON, D.C. — At a virtual session at the annual conference for the Association of American Colleges and Universities, Tracie Clifford, an Instructor and Master Faculty of high‐impact practices at Chattanooga State Community College, shared how her institution has implemented HIPs and overhauled course design to better meet the needs of student success.
Moving from researcher to leader — a progression to new types of competence
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: June 2022

In the last column, I wrote about professional and organizational identities, and the tensions those identities create for academics. In this month's column, I want to add another layer to the question of identity — going from a high level of content focus to a primary focus on managing and leading.
Bilateral follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer with different RAS mutations detected with next‐generation sequencing: Report of an unusual case and literature review
Authors: Marín Fernando , del Nuevo Esther , Belinchón Alberta , Acevedo Agustín
Published: June 2022

Multifocality in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common finding, but the clonal relationship between individual tumors remains uncertain. While multiple synchronous tumor foci of PTC may develop through permeation of intraglandular lymph vessels of a single malignant clone, they can also arise from independent progenitor clones sustained by different genetic events. We report the case of a 37‐year‐old man who underwent total thyroidectomy after fine‐needle aspiration of two bilateral thyroid nodules that yielded cytological findings consistent with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance. By next‐generation sequencing of a large panel of thyroid carcinoma related genes, we found that the larger tumor harbored a mutation of the NRAS gene, while the contralateral tumor harbored a different mutation in the HRAS gene. Final pathology of the surgical specimen showed two encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas of 16 and 6 mm in the right and the left lobes, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fourth case of multifocal PTC showing different HRAS and NRAS mutations, and highlights that mutational heterogeneity is also present in non‐BRAF, non‐RET genes, supporting the hypothesis that independent progenitor clones may explain multifocality in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Cervical esophageal adenocarcinoma of intestinal type in ectopic gastric mucosa
Authors: Ikeda Ryosuke , Hirasawa Kingo , Ozeki Yuichiro , Sawada Atsushi , Nishio Masafumi , Fukuchi Takehide , Sato Chiko , Maeda Shin
Published: June 2022

A 45‐year‐old man underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy because of symptoms of laryngopharyngeal discomfort. We found a protruded reddish lesion adjacent to the ectopic gastric mucosa (EGM) in the cervical esophagus, and a biopsy revealed that it was a tubular adenocarcinoma. We diagnosed the patient with intramucosal cancer and performed endoscopic submucosal dissection. Esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed under general anesthesia using a conventional procedure. The resected tumor measured 23 × 14 mm and was adjacent to the EGM. Histologically, the tumor cells showed moderately well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma confined to the muscularis mucosa with no lymphovascular infiltration. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for intestinal markers, namely MUC2 and CD10, and negative for gastric markers, namely MUC5AC and MUC6. The patient had no post‐endoscopy submucosal dissection stenosis and remained disease‐free without local recurrence. EGM of the cervical esophagus develops from the columnar epithelium during embryonic development. There are few reports on endoscopic submucosal dissection for mucosal cancer. Of these, immunostaining was performed in three cases. All were positive for MUC5AC and MUC6 and negative for MUC2 and CD10. Usually, EGM shows gastric type epithelium, but occasional cases with intestinal metaplasia, which show positivity for MUC2 and CD10, have been reported. Therefore, we consider this to be an extremely rare case of esophageal adenocarcinoma arising from intestinal metaplasia within the EGM.
Characterization of 17 unknown ketamine manufacturing by‐product impurities by UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS
Authors: Liu Cui‐Mei , Hua Zhen‐Dong , Jia Wei , Liu Pei‐Pei , Xu Yu
Published: June 2022

This study initially reported the selection and characterization of 17 unknown impurities attributed to the manufacture process of ketamine. A total of 150 seized ketamine samples were investigated through ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF). Seventeen characteristic impurities were selected in accordance with four criteria: The compound was detected in over 10% of all 150 seized ketamine samples, the compound had at least one nitrogen, the unsaturation of the compound was more than 5, and the compound was stable in the dilution solvent solution for 48 h. The accurate masses of the protonated molecules and product ions of the target impurities were obtained based on the full scan mode and the product ion mode of Q‐TOF, respectively. Lastly, the possible structures of the above impurities were tentatively elucidated in accordance with the synthetic route of ketamine, protonated molecules, and MS2 product ions. All 17 impurities had the same skeleton of deschloroketamine (DCK), but were substituted with additional chlorine, hydroxyl, methyl, cyclohexane, and o‐chlorophenyl cyclopentyl ketone substituents. Under the electrospray ionization (ESI), the above impurities showed similar characteristic fragment ions through the dissociation of the CH3NH2, C2H6NH, H2O, CO, C2H4O, C4H6, and C2H2 moieties. The above impurities have been routinely used for the profiling analysis of seized ketamine samples in the National Narcotics Laboratory of China and employed to establish the tactical intelligence for law enforcement agencies.
A new framework to understand the drivers of policy mixes in multilevel contexts: The case of urban air pollution
Authors: Eckersley Peter , Harrison Oliver , Poberezhskaya Marianna
Published: June 2022

The literature on policy mixes tends to focus on the instruments that different jurisdictions adopt to tackle public problems, and how policies may complement or conflict with each other. Fewer studies examine the factors that influence instrument choice, particularly within multilevel contexts, despite a recognition that policy mixes to tackle similar issues vary substantially across and within countries. We present a new framework to help understand and predict policy choice in subnational governance, arguing that the level of local support for action influences the type of policy a city adopts, whereas top‐down drivers shape the breadth of instruments it deploys. Drawing on in‐depth stakeholder interviews and documentary analysis, we apply this framework to explain why two contrasting English cities selected their own distinctive policy mixes to combat air pollution. We suggest that where top‐down drivers for action are strong but bottom‐up support is muted, as was the case in Nottingham, municipal governments are likely to adopt a broad range of largely (re)distributive, informational and administrative instruments to tackle policy problems. Where local support is strong, as in Westminster, city authorities prefer to introduce regulations, because restrictions entail fewer political costs in these contexts and are more likely to be effective.
Transglutaminase 2 affinity and enzyme‐substrate intermediate stability as determining factors for T‐cell responses to gluten peptides in celiac disease
Authors: Amundsen Sunniva F. , Stamnaes Jorunn , du Pré Marie Fleur , Sollid Ludvig M.
Published: June 2022

The adaptive immune response of celiac disease (CeD) involves presentation of gluten peptides to CD4+ T cells by transglutaminase 2 (TG2) specific B cells. This B‐cell/T‐cell crosstalk is facilitated by involvement of TG2:gluten peptide complexes that act principally in the form of enzyme‐substrate intermediates. Here, we have addressed how gluten peptide affinity and complex stability in the presence of secondary substrates affect the uptake of TG2:gluten peptide complexes by TG2‐specific B cells and the activation of gluten‐specific T cells. We studied affinity of various gluten peptides for TG2 by biochemical assay, and monitored uptake of gluten peptides by TG2‐specific B cells by flow cytometry. Crosstalk between TG2‐specific B cells and gluten‐specific T cells was assayed with transfectants expressing antigen receptors derived from CeD patients. We found that gluten peptides with high TG2 affinity showed better uptake by TG2‐specific B cells. Uptake by B cells, and subsequent activation of T cells, was negatively affected by polyamines acting as secondary TG2 substrates. These results show that affinity between gluten peptide and TG2 governs the selection of T‐cell epitopes via enhanced uptake of TG2:gluten complexes by TG2‐specific B cells, and that exogenous polyamines can influence the CeD immune responses by disrupting TG2:gluten complexes.
Secure forensic data transmission system in cloud database using fuzzy based butterfly optimization and modifiedECC
Authors: Raji L. , Ramya S. Thanga
Published: June 2022

Data forensic is the investigation of digital data which illustrates how it is created and utilized. It is composed of detection, preservation, retrieval, and analyzing digital information. These data are stored in different domains. When storing the data in a cloud database it is ineluctable to circumvent the data leakage. Several deep learning approaches were conducted to resist data leakage. However, optimized security was not obtained. To address the aforementioned issues we have proposed a novel modified elliptic curve cryptography based secure forensic data transmission system (MESFDT) in the cloud database. The conventional ECC selects the keys used for the encryption and decryption process randomly. This might cause the generation of countless keys and can be easily hacked by a malicious user. Therefore we adopted fuzzy based butterfly optimization algorithm (FBOA) for the generation of keys. Thus the ECC is modified to form modified elliptic curve cryptography (MECC). The proposed method is comprised of a MECC integration unit, wireless transceiver, USB interface, MECC unit, smart card reader. This helps to transfer the forensic data from the user to the cloud database securely and also circumvent the duplication of data. The experimental study depicts that the proposed method increases the security of forensic data and mitigates the encryption and decryption time more gently than the other existing approaches.
MDCD: A malware detection approach in cloud using deep learning
Authors: Tian Donghai , Zhao Runze , Ma Rui , Jia Xiaoqi , Shen Qi , Hu Changzhen , Liu Wenmao
Published: June 2022

With the increasing popularity of cloud computing applications, the threat of malware attack against cloud environments is getting worse. To defend against malware attacks in the cloud, some virtualization‐based approaches are proposed. However, the existing methods suffer from limitations in terms of detection accuracy, deployment effort, and performance cost. To address these issues, we propose MDCD, a novel dynamic malware detection solution for cloud environments. This method first utilizes a lightweight agent to collect the run‐time utilization information from the target virtual machine (VM). Then, it leverages the memory forensics analysis technique to extract the memory object information from the target VM's memory. To fully make use of the run‐time utilization and memory object information for malware detection, we propose a multi‐CNN model, which combines multiple convolutional neural networks (CNNs) efficiently. The evaluation shows that our approach can achieve an average detection accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Score of 98.89%, 97.01%, 98.17%, and 97.89% respectively. Compared with the existing solutions, our method can detect multiple malicious processes effectively with little deployment effort.
Brits and British Muslims and their perceptions of cultured meat: How big is their willingness to purchase?
Authors: Boereboom Anouk , Sheikh Mustapha , Islam Tajul , Achirimbi Elma , Vriesekoop Frank
Published: June 2022

Consumer preferences regarding food in general, livestock meat and cultured meat among Muslim populations remains largely unknown, especially in a United Kingdom context. This is a significant gap in our understanding since foods that meet halal requirements have a major economical share of both the British and the global food market. The aim of this study is threefold: (1) gain insight into the perceptions of the broader British community and the Muslim demographic within it regarding food choice determinants, livestock meat, and cultured meat; (2) investigating similarities and differences within and between the two groups; and (3) model the willingness to purchase (WTPu) cultured meat for both populations. The British Muslim and the British non‐Muslim population are very similar in their considerations about food in general, livestock meat and cultured meat. With regard to the willingness to purchase cultured meat, further product development and marketing strategies should focus on the same factor for both populations: the healthiness, safety, and nutritional characteristics of cultured meat.
Development of informant‐reported or self‐reported MCI‐J questionnaire
Authors: Asada Takashi , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Ota Miho , Jon Lebowitz Adam , Shibata Nobuto , Niizato Kazuhiro , Izumimoto Norihiko , Abe Yasuko , Tanaka Mieko , Arai Tetsuaki
Published: June 2022

Several studies have reported a high prevalence of missed and delayed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia diagnosis, which could lead to delayed treatment and increased patient and caregiver burden.

Objectives

This study aimed to develop a new questionnaire for nonprofessionals to help detect early signs of MCI and dementia. Respondents included patients, family caregivers, or health professionals. Scores are calculated based on the respondent type and age of subject.

Methods

This study consisted of four steps and included 461 respondents. Steps 1–3 were conducted by a working group, and step 4, by 67 specialist members of the Japanese Society of Geriatric Psychiatry. A scoring algorithm was created and predictive diagnostic probability was analyzed using misdiscrimination rate and cross‐validation after item selection to establish a cut‐off value for MCI or dementia symptoms. Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia were diagnosed.

Results

The prediction error rate for patient or informant respondents was confirmed from the evaluation results of 13 items. Sensitivity and specificity were 90.6% and 56.6%, respectively, with a cut‐off score of 2. Overall, 82% (61 pairs) of respondents received a definitive diagnosis following a diagnosis from the questionnaire.

Conclusions

This questionnaire could promote earlier presentation to clinical settings for treatment. The high sensitivity indicates the utility of this instrument, but it is not meant as a definitive diagnostic tool and should be followed with a professional assessment.
The role of the ventrolateral anterior temporal lobes in social cognition
Authors: Balgova Eva , Diveica Veronica , Walbrin Jon , Binney Richard J.
Published: June 2022

A key challenge for neurobiological models of social cognition is to elucidate whether brain regions are specialised for that domain. In recent years, discussion surrounding the role of anterior temporal regions epitomises such debates; some argue the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is part of a domain‐specific network for social processing, while others claim it comprises a domain‐general hub for semantic representation. In the present study, we used ATL‐optimised fMRI to map the contribution of different ATL structures to a variety of paradigms frequently used to probe a crucial social ability, namely ‘theory of mind’ (ToM). Using multiple tasks enables a clearer attribution of activation to ToM as opposed to idiosyncratic features of stimuli. Further, we directly explored whether these same structures are also activated by a non‐social task probing semantic representations. We revealed that common to all of the tasks was activation of a key ventrolateral ATL region that is often invisible to standard fMRI. This constitutes novel evidence in support of the view that the ventrolateral ATL contributes to social cognition via a domain‐general role in semantic processing and against claims of a specialised social function.