bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hesperetin protects SH-SY5Y cells against 6- hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity via activation of NRF2/ARE signaling pathways
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Yue , Wang Li , Gu Zhaowei , Huan Zhigang , Fu Hui , Liu Qishuai
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To investigation the protective effects of hesperetin against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)- induced neurotoxicity.

Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with 6-OHDA to create an in vitro model of neurotoxicity. This model was used to test the neuroprotective effects of hesperetin. Cell viability was assessed by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. Flow cytometry and western blot were used to quantify apoptosis. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determining intracellular glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Results: In SH-SY5Y cells, treatment with 6-OHDA decreased cell viability and promoted LDH release. However, exogenous hesperetin protected against 6-OHDA-mediated toxicity. Similarly, although incubation with 6-OHDA induced apoptosis and increased cleaved caspase-3 and -9 levels, treatment with hesperetin protected against these effects. Treatment with 6-OHDA also led to significant oxidative stress, as indicated by reduced GSH and SOD levels and increased MDA and ROS levels in SH-SY5Y cells. However, these changes were reversed by pre-treatment with hesperetin. Of interest, hesperetin led to changes in 6-OHDA-induced expression of NRF2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit (GCLC), and GCL modulatory (GCLM).

Conclusion: Hesperetin protects against cell toxicity, apoptosis, and oxidative stress via activation of NRF2 pathway in a 6-OHDA-induced model of neurotoxicity. Future studies should investigate the use of hesperetin as a potential therapeutic approach for prevention or management of Parkinson’s disease.

Keywords: Hesperetin, 6-OHDA, Neurotoxicity, NRF2, Parkinson’s disease
In vitro comparative assessment of the inhibitory effects of single and combined spices against glucose-synthesizing enzymes
Authors: Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther , Balogun Fatai Oladunni , Ashafa Anofi Omotayo Tom
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To assess the individual and synergistic inhibitory activities of five (5) tropical spices, viz, Zingiber officinale Rosc., Xylopia aethiopica (Dun.) A. Rich, Piper guineense Schum & Thonn, Myristica fragrans Houtt. and Allium sativum L. against glucose hydrolysing enzymes.Methods: In vitro assessment of the alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of cold water, hot water, ethanol and aqueous-ethanol extracts of each of the five spices and their combination was investigated using enzymatic protocols. Acarbose was used as the standard.Results: Only four extracts showed strong inhibition against alpha-glucosidase and weak inhibition against alpha-amylase. Going by their half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50), the combined spices exhibited the best concurrent inhibitory activity against both hydrolysing enzymes (665.83 ± 27.50 μg/mL for alpha-glucosidase) and (1166.86 ± 14.70 μg/mL for alpha-amylase).Conclusion: The findings from this study demonstrate the enhanced antihyperglycemic potentials of the combined spices compared to the individual spices for the management of diabetes.

Keywords: Hyperglycemia, Diabetes, Alpha-amylase, Alpha-glucosidase, Zingiber officinale, Xylopia aethiopica, Piper guineense, Myristica fragrans, Allium sativum, Spices
Anti-diabetic effect of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (tranylcypromine) in rats with poorly-controlled blood glucose levels: A potential and novel therapeutic option for diabetes
Authors: Qiu Jingying , Li Chengjiang , Dong Zhichun , Wang Jing
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To determine the anti-diabetic effect of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (tranylcypromine) in sulphonyl urea-refractory rats with poorly-controlled blood glucose levels.Methods: Alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats were assigned to two groups (30 rats/group). One group received glibenclamide at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg, while the other group was given monoamine oxidase inhibitor (tranylcypromine) at a dose of 5 mg/day. The two groups were treated for 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline (before treatment) and at the end of treatment for determination of plasma glucose (fasting and fed), hemoglobin A1c, lipid profiles (serum total cholesterol, very-lowdensity lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides); oxidative stress parameters (anti-oxidant enzymes), insulin levels, and some hepatic enzymes of glucose metabolism.Results: Monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment resulted in significant decrease in the levels of blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid levels from baseline, relative to glibenclamide (p < 0.05). Greater improvements in oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione and superoxide dismutase), insulin levels and hepatic enzymes of glucose metabolism were observed in monoamine oxidase inhibitor group than in glibenclamide group (p < 0.05). Oxidative stress was significantly inhibited by monoamine oxidase inhibitor via increases in glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, when compared to glibenclamide (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that monoamine oxidase inhibitor may be a better treatment option for diabetes than glibenclamide.

Keywords: Diabetes, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Glibenclamide, Sulphonyl urea, Poorly-controlledblood glucose
Leptin and systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive review
Authors: Uzrail Amal H , Swellmeen Lubna
Published: November 2020

Leptin, a cytokine-like hormone produced by adipocytes, modulates innate and adaptive responses of the immune system. Several reports have indicated that leptin exerts pro-inflammatory effects which significantly trigger autoimmune responses in chronic inflammatory diseases e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an inflammatory, multi-system disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies. Irrespective of contradictory results, many studies have indicated that leptin concentrations are increased in SLE patients. This might reflect genetic association, or a mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of SLE. To shed light on this possibility, recent studies investigated several polymorphism genes related to leptin in SLE patients from different ancestral groups. This review focuses on current understanding of the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of SLE and its immunomodulatory effects. This is expected to provide new leptin-based therapeutic interventions as modern approaches which are safer than the currently used ones for the treatment of SLE.

Keywords: Leptin, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Polymorphism, Gene expression
Sinergias entre as instabilidades pluviométricas e a produção de lavouras de sequeiro no semiárido cearense
Authors: Salviano Jamile Ingrid de Almeida , Praxedes Antônia Luana Fernandes , Lemos José de Jesus Sousa
Published: November 2020

Feijão, mandioca e milho são lavouras de sequeiro cultivadas no semiárido em todos os 184 municípios do Ceará. Pentecoste e Sobral são municípios cearenses situados nas áreas semiáridas susceptíveis à desertificação, sendo a instabilidade temporal e espacial das chuvas uma característica do semiárido. A pesquisa compara as precipitações de chuvas no Ceará e nesses municípios entre os anos de 1974 e 2018. Avalia se as pluviometrias do estado e dos municípios podem ser classificadas em padrão definido na pesquisa. Elaboram-se testes estatísticos para avaliar se as pluviometrias interagem com as produtividades e valor da produção por hectare das lavouras no período estudado no Ceará, em Pentecoste e Sobral. As produtividades e valores da produção por hectare de feijão, mandioca e milho são agregadas usando método de análise fatorial. Os dados são da FUNCEME e IBGE. Os resultados mostram que as pluviometrias do estado e dos municípios podem ser classificadas de acordo com o padrão testado. Observa-se também que em Pentecoste e Sobral houve maior incidência de anos com estiagem do que no Ceará. A conclusão geral da pesquisa é que há sinergias entre as instabilidades das pluviometrias com as produtividades das lavouras de sequeiro no Ceará, Pentecoste e Sobral entre 1974 e 2018.
Territórios pesqueiros na Amazônia: dinâmica de pescadores comerciais e de subsistência em comunidade ribeirinha da tríplice fronteira Colômbia-Brasil-Peru
Authors: Paiva Erlainy Joanna Souza de , Silva Ricardo Gilson da Costa
Published: November 2020

Analisa-se a dinâmica sociogeográfica da comunidade ribeirinha Terezina III, município de Tabatinga (localizada no estado do Amazonas), relacionada ao comércio do pescado e aos conflitos sociais decorrentes dessa atividade produtiva. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para o conhecimento referente ao modo de vida de pescadores do rio Solimões, na tríplice fronteira entre Brasil, Colômbia e Peru. Como procedimentos metodológicos, fez-se trabalhos de campo nas cidades de Tabatinga (Brasil) e Letícia (Colômbia), e na comunidade ribeirinha Terezina III (Brasil). Conclui-se que o acesso aos recursos pesqueiros deve ser ordenado pelo poder público, com participação social, de modo a fortalecer as comunidades ribeirinhas em seus territórios tradicionais.
Physically Close, Socially Distant Paid Domestic Work and (Dis-)Encounters in Latin America’s Private Households
Authors: Rojas Scheffer Raquel
Published: November 2020

Households that hire domestic workers are a space of compulsive encounters where people of different origins and social class meet, experiencing physical proximity that makes the social distance that prevails between them even more noticeable. Drawing on current research and scholarship on paid domestic work in Latin America, this paper explores the different ways of analysing the encounters of women from highly unequal social positions in the narrowness of the private household, arguing that the combination of physical proximity and affective ties fosters the (re)production of social inequalities and asymmetries of power. But while it is within the convivial relations of these households that inequality becomes evident, it is also there where it can be negotiated, fought, or mitigated. Households that hire domestic workers are thus a privileged site for observing negotiations and disputes concerning social inequalities, and hence, a critical context to study the reciprocal constitution of conviviality and inequality.
Metodologias Ativas, Ensino Híbrido e os Artefatos Digitais: sala de aula em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Arruda Juliana Silva , Siqueira Liliane Maria Ramalho de Castro
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma prática educacional e sustentável adotada em tempos de Covid 19, pelos alunos e professora do curso de Ciências Contábeis. A pesquisa se desenvolve por meio do contato direto das pesquisadoras com os fenômenos analisados. As análises permitiram inferir que os aprendentes mostraram apropriação dos conceitos teóricos trabalhados virtualmente, demonstrando a relevância do uso das TIC para atuação e participação discente nas atividades propostas. As principais conclusões evidenciam a relevância da formação docente para o acompanhamento e desenvolvimento dessas aulas remotas. Soma-se a isso, a identificação do desenvolvimento da atuação e da autonomia dos aprendentes nos seus processos de aprendizagem.
DIDACTIC - Aplicación de la Gamificación y la Inteligencia Artificial en la Educación Virtual
Authors: Torres-Barreto Martha Liliana , Acosta Medina Julieth Katherin , Álvarez Melgarejo Mileidy
Published: November 2020

La educación virtual ha tenido un auge en los últimos años, debido a los múltiples beneficios que ofrece.Sin embargo, esta modalidad educativa se enfrenta a grandes retos como la baja motivación, la falta dedinamismo en los cursos y las altas tasas de abandono. Es por esto que surge DIDACTIC, un proyecto quese compone de una herramienta gamificada y una plataforma de contactabilidad desarrollada con inteligencia artificial, las cuales buscan aumentar la motivación y optimizar la conexión docente-estudiante,con el fin de mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje y contribuir a la disminución del abandonoestudiantil. En el presente artículo se describe este proyecto, sus bases teóricas, metodología y resultados obtenidos hasta ahora. Los hallazgos hasta el momento indican, que debido a los múltiples beneficiosque ofrecen la gamificación y la inteligencia artificial es importante seguir implementándolas en entornosvirtuales de aprendizaje
Modelo de Intervención Epidemiológica y Psicológica para el Abordaje de los cuidados y precauciones poblacionales frente al Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Parra Bolaños Nicolás , Marulanda Londoño Leonardo Fabio , Benjumea Garcés Juan Sebastián
Published: November 2020

El presente estudio de revisión documental, representa un esfuerzo por conseguir estructurar un modelodesde la psicología conductual y la epidemiología, adaptando el modelo de Luo, Gao & Cassels (2018) alas realidades sociales de países en vías de desarrollo. Se ejecutaron dos softwares que son The CriticalAppraisals Skills Programme – CASP y el Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology – STROBE, con el objeto de configurar un diagrama de tipo PRISMA mediante cinco ecuacionesdistintas para el ejercicio de bibliometría. Se revisaron 710.911 documentos de los Institutos Nacionalesde la Salud de los Estados Unidos y se filtraron en un consolidado final de 26 artículos científicos mediante estrictos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El prototipo de modelo psicológico y epidemiológico logróestructurarse en siete distintitas fases, demostrando ser consistente con los modelos existentes y podríaservir como punto de partida para el diseño de proyectos regionales de contención de la COVID-19 enáreas de escasos recursos financieros y económicos destinados a combatir la pandemia.
Current status of the invasive pest (Tuta absoluta) and other pest complex on tomato crop in Karnataka
Authors:   Ph.D. scholar, of Agricultural Entomology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, Aparna S.
Published: November 2020

Tomato is one of the commercially important vegetable crops in India. Recently, an invasive pest Tuta absoluta was introduced to India causing potential yield loss to the tomato crop. Several studies were undertaken on the pest since 2014 to understand the biology, distribution, host range, natural enemies and chemical management of the pest. It is important to understand the current status of the pest at regular time intervals to validate the existing practices and to development suitable management technologies. Thus, current study aims at understanding the spatial variation in the pest incidence in randomly sampled 24 tomato fields in larger tomato growing areas viz., Chikkaballapur and Kolar of southern parts of Karnataka from August to December, 2018. There was no recognizable pattern in spatial distribution of the pest damage on the crop vegetation and the fruit yield. Intensity of pest incidence on different plant canopies as well as fruit yield were observed to be very low to low (0 – 20 per cent) in 70 per cent of the sampled locations. Subsequently, less than 10 per cent of locations showed high pest infestation. Further, in all the locations, 10-22 per cent of yield loss was observed to be due to insect pest, diseases and/or nutritional deficiency in the sampled locations. In the total loss incurred, about 50 percent of the damage caused by the incidence of Tuta absoluta alone. Further studies have to be conducted on the effect of biotic and non-biotic factors on the pest population, effect of prevailing management practices on the natural enemies to understand the current status of the pest in different seasons.
ALTERED PROLIFERATION OF THYMIC LYMPHOCYTES IN PUBERTAL RATS EXPOSED TO LOW DOSES OF DDT
Authors: Tsomartova Dibakhan Aslanbekovna , Yaglova Nataliya Valentinovna , Obernikhin Sergey Stanislavovich
Published: November 2020

Low-dose developmental exposure to DDT alters proliferative activity of thymic lymphocytes of rats. Higher proliferation rate and low differentiated lymphoblast content are found in rat thymus during puberty.
PROSPECTS FOR PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Cherkasov Anatoliy , Petrova Elena
Published: November 2020

The effect of rehabilitative non-drug methods on the normalization of blood pressure was studied in 33 study

participants. A theoretical analysis of the causes of arterial hypertension was carried out. A hypothesis has been formed on the role of the nervous system in the development of hypertension.
SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING FOR PROCESSING SUTURE MATERIAL
Authors: Malyshko Vadim Vladimirovich , Elkina Anna Anatolyevna
Published: November 2020

The method of modifying suture material with silver nanoparticles was tested. The paper presents the results

nanoparticle sorption on the surface of different types of polymer fibers. The expediency of processing suture threads for intraoperative prophylaxis of purulent-septic complications in surgery is shown.
LOCAL ABDOMINAL HYPOTHERMIA APPARATUS
Authors: Vasilkov Valery G. , Safronov Alexey I. , Osinkin Dmitriy V.
Published: November 2020

The article is discussed of the new method of the local abdominal hypothermia by using elements Peltier in patient with peritonitis.
SURVIVAL AND THIOL STATUS OF CELLS CACO-2 IN THE CONDITIONS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS
Authors: Abalenikhina Yulia V. , Shchulkin Aleksey V. , Erokhina Pelageya D. , Chernykh Ivan V. , Yakusheva Elena N.
Published: November 2020

Under conditions of oxidative stress induced by H2O2 for 72 hours at cincentrations of 50 and 100 mM there

is a decrease in survival and transepitelical resistance of cell line Caco-2. The level of oxidized theols increases

significantly at the concentration of H2O2 of 10 mM due to easily accessible SH-groups, at 50 and 100 mM H2O2 due to hard-to-reach SH-groups.
Microplastic Depuration on Asaphis Detlorata
Authors: Saputri Dian Fatriani Indah , Daud Anwar , Syah Rachman , Birawida Agus Bintara , Amqam Hasnawati , Russeng Syamsiar S.
Published: November 2020

Depuration is an effort to reduce/eliminate contamination including microplastics, which one is using a water circulation system. This study aims to determine the effective depuration time to reduce the microplastic content in Asaphis detlorata This study used a quantitative approach with experimental research design with a completely randomized design. There are 450 shells used as an experimental animal where is the treatment consisted of four depuration times, namely 1;2;3; and 4 days with 3 repetitions of each treatment, while the control shells were without depuration. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to see the effect of depuration treatment on the microplastic content. If the effect of the treatment was significantly different, then the post hoc test was continued to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that Asaphis detlorata obtained from the mouth of the Lakatong river estuary were contaminated with microplastics ranging from 0.6 to 8.1 MPs/shellfish and an average of 3.96 MPs/shellfish. Depuration time significantly affected the microplastic content in shellfish depuration effectiveness. There is a tendency that the longer depuration time is decreased microplastic content in shellfish. The effective depuration time to reduce the microplastic content in Asaphis detlorata was 3 and 4 days. Further research is needed for a more effective depuration for cleaning microplastics in shellfish.
Text Categorization based on Associative Classification
Authors: Shrivastava Padmavati , Ansari Uzma
Published: November 2020

Text mining is an emerging technology that can be used to augment existing data in corporate databases by making unstructured text data available for analysis. The incredible increase in online documents, which has been mostly due to the expanding internet, has renewed the interest in automated document classification and data mining. The demand for text classification to aid the analysis and management of text is increasing. Text is cheap, but information, in the form of knowing what classes a text belongs to, is expensive. Text classification is the process of classifying documents into predefined categories based on their content. Automatic classification of text can provide this information at low cost, but the classifiers themselves must be built with expensive human effort, or trained from texts which have themselves been manually classified. Both classification and association rule mining are indispensable to practical applications. For association rule mining, the target of discovery is not pre-determined, while for classification rule mining there is one and only one predetermined target. Thus, great savings and conveniences to the user could result if the two mining techniques can somehow be integrated. In this paper, such an integrated framework, called associative classification is used for text categorization The algorithm presented here for text classification uses words as features , to derive feature set from preclassified text documents. The concept of Naïve Bayes classifier is then used on derived features for final classification.
Context Free Grammar (CFG) Analysis for simple Kannada sentences
Authors: Sagar B M. , P Dr. Ramakanth Kumar , G Dr. Shobha
Published: November 2020

When Computational Linguistic is concerns Kannada is lagging far behind compared to Telugu and Tamil. Writing the grammar production for any south Indian language is bit difficult. Because the languages are highly inflected with three gender forms and two number forms. This paper is an effort to write Context Free Grammar for simple Kannada sentences. Kannada Language being one of the major Dravidian languages of India and it has 27th place in most spoken language in the world. But still it does not yet have computerized grammar checking methods for a given Kannada sentence. Thus, this paper highlights the process of generating context free grammar for simple Kannada sentences.
Metacognition using classifier system: A step approaching intelligent agents
Authors: Swain Ramakrushna , Mohanty Prasant Kumar , kamila N.K.
Published: November 2020

Meta-cognition allows one to monitor and adaptively control cognitive processes. It guides people to select, evaluate, revise, and abandon cognitive tasks, goals, and strategies. Also, meta-cognition can play an important role in human-like software agents. It includes meta-cognitive knowledge, meta cognitive monitoring, and meta cognitive regulation. The main purpose of this research paper is to understand the principles of natural minds and adopt these principles to simulate artificial minds. We consider the conscious software agent, “CMattie” which has its cognitive science side (cognitive modelling) as well as its computer science side (intelligent software). We describe the incorporation of meta cognition in CMattie using fuzzy classifier system including Genetic algorithm and Probabilistic approaches.
Use of Modular Neural Network for Heart Disease
Authors: Vazirani Harsh , Kala Rahul , Shukla Anupam , Tiwari Ritu
Published: November 2020

The medical field is very versatile field and one of the interested research areas for the scientist. It deals with many medical disease problems starting with the diagnosis of the disease, preventing from the disease and treatment for the disease. There are various types of medical disease and accordingly various types of treatment methods. In this paper we mostly concern about the diagnosis of the heart disease. Mainly two types of the diagnosis method are used one is manual and other is automatic diagnosis which consists of diagnosis of disease with the help of intelligent expert system. In this paper the modular neural network is used to diagnosis the heart disease. The attributes are divided and given to the two neural network models Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) for training and testing. The two integration techniques are used two integrate the results and provide the final training accuracy and testing accuracy. The modular neural network with probabilistic product method gave an accuracy of 87.02% over training data and 85.88% over testing accuracy and with probabilistic product method gave an accuracy of 89.72% over training data and 84.70% over testing accuracy, which was experimentally determined to be better than monolithic neural networks.
Design and Implementation of a (2, 2) and a (2, 3) Visual Cryptographic Scheme
Authors: Chakraborty Ujjwal , Paul Jayanta Kumar , Mahapatra Priya Ranjan Sinha
Published: November 2020

In this paper two methods for (2, 2) and (2, 3) visual cryptographic scheme(VCS) is proposed. The first scheme considers 4 pixels of input image at a time and generates 4 output pixels in each share. As 4 output pixels are generated from 4 input pixels dimension and aspect ratio of the decrypted image remain same during the process. The second scheme considers 2 pixels (1 block) of input image at a time and generates 3 output pixels in each share. Here probability of 1/3 for black pixel is maintained in each share. The scheme improves the contrast of output image. The dimension of revealed image is increased by 1.5 times in horizontal direction and remains same in vertical direction.
Proses Islamisasi, Perkembangan, dan Eksistensi Islam di Perancis
Authors: Iribaram Suparto
Published: November 2020

This paper will describe the historical development of Islam in France, including its existence and problems as a minority. The process of Islamization has long been rising in France, because the French people themselves have long been in contact with Islam, precisely since Islam entered in the 8th century, for about 40 years in the southern part of France, namely the transition period of power from the Umayyad Dynasty to the Dynasty Abbāsiyah. Furthermore, though hampered by the Crusades and expansion, the Islamization process in France explicitly began in 1830, when Muslim immigrants came to bring their commodity to France, when the era of North African colonization began. Since that time the population of Muslims in France experienced significant developments. The number of Muslims in France in 2005 has reached 5,000,000 people and there are about 2,500 mosques; the majority of them are from North Africa Sunni. However, the problems faced by French Muslims today are the marginalization of such regulations as the ban on jilbab (hijab), the existence of negative prejudices and fear of terrorism and radicalism
Pengaruh Peradaban Islam Terhadap Dunia Barat
Authors: Huzain Muh
Published: November 2020

The emergence of Islam influenced the revolution and made a wave of culture toward a new world when experiencing an era of darkness. The progress of Greek civilization in the Westcould not be continued by the Roman empire and Roman domination in the classical era until the middle ages; which was then therise of the West in the era of renaissance in the 14-16th century.This paper will reveal the influence of Islam on the development of the Western world, since the emergence of contact between Islam with the West in the Classical era until the middle ages. There are different opinions among historians about who and when the first contact between Islam and the West took place. The first contact, however, occurred when the areas of East Roman government (Byzantium), Syria (638) and Egypt (640) fell into the hands of the Islamic government during the reign of Caliph 'Umar bin Khaţţāb. The Second contact, at the beginning of the eighth and ninth centuries occurred when the kings of Islam were able to rule Spain (711-1472), Portugal (716-1147), and important Mediterranean islands such as Sardinia (740-1050), Cicilia (827-1091), Malta (870-1090) as well as several small areas in Southern Italy and French Southern France. The third contact, took place in Eastern Europe from the fourteenth to early twentieth century when the Ottoman empire ruled the Balkan peninsula (Eastern Europe) and Southern Russia. The Ottoman empire's powers in Europe covered Yunāni, Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, parts of Rhode, Cyprus, Austria and parts of Russia. Of the three periods of contact, the greatest influence was in the second contact period, where the decline of Western science in the dark era, while in the Islamic world developed advanced and produces scientists, thinkers and intellectuals in various sciences. This influence can be seen from the sending of students studying to the university of Islamic area, the establishment of the university, the translation and copying of various scientific literature such as natural science (Science of astronomy, Mathematics, Chemistry, Pharmacy, medicine, architecture etc) and Social Science history, philosophy, politics, economics, earth sciences, sociology, law, culture, language, literature, art, etc.). The Historians recognize that the influence of Islamic civilization is very great on the development of the West, which culminated in the renaissance or rise of Western civilization in Europe after the dark era.
Islam di Thailand
Authors: Sanurdi Sanurdi
Published: November 2020

In the history Islam has existed in Thailand since the 13th century. Muslims have been active in trade and administration in the Thailand kingdom. However, in its development, as a minority, there was conflict due to discrimination and intimidation. In 2000 the percentage of religion in Thailand was Buddhist (95%), Islam (4%), Christian (0.6%), and other religions (0.4%). This paper seeks to examine the existence of Islam and the problems of Muslims as a minority in Thailand. In general, the Muslim population in Thailand is divided into two groups, namely Malay Muslims and Thai Muslims. The majority of Muslims are in the Southern part of Thailand, especially in Pattani area so they are often referred to as Muslim Patani Darussalam or Patani Raya which is closer to Malay. While the Thai Muslims are in the Middle and North that includes the descendants of Iranian Muslims, Champa, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, China, and Malay. Problems faced by Muslims in Thailand are more commonly experienced by Malay Muslims or Pattani in southern Thailand. They are regarded as Khaek (guests or foreigners), a negative prejudice. Malay language and names are prohibited from being used in public institutions, such as schools and government agencies. This resulted in the emergence of Pattani's reaction and resistance to the part of Southern Thailand  to obtain special autonomy, even to separatists. Finally, in early 2004 there were several incidents and riots occurring in Southern Thailand, especially in Narathiwat, Yala, and Pattani. This conflict occurs because the demands of the separatist movement and the government act hard against them in militaristic ways, on the other hand people are also dissatisfied with government discrimination as well as violence actions separatist movement. This is exacerbated and worsened by USA intervention in the conflict under the pretext of fighting Islamic separatist violence.
Perkembangan Islam Arab Saudi
Authors: Wahyuddin Imam
Published: November 2020

The kingdom of al-Sa'ūdiyah actually existed since 1446. However, as a strong dynasty and established the Saudi Arabia state is since the era of Abd. Aziz ibn Abd. Rahman al-Sa'ud (Ibn Saud) with the spirit of Wahhabism and British aid. Officially in 1932 the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia became an Islamic state with a monarchic system under King Ibn Saud. This paper will discuss the history of Islamic development in Saudi Arabia which is now as an Islamic State. Saudi Arabia is now dominated by the kingdom of al-Sa'ūdiyah which is influenced by Wahabiyah religious beliefs. From the beginning of the nineteenth century the Wahabiyah movement received support from Muhammad Ibn Sa'ud. They began expansion which culminated in the conquest of most of the Arabian peninsula and made social, religious and political set agendas in Saudi Arabia. Wahabiyah continues to expand and exist in Saudi Arabia, especially in the mid-19th to the 20th century, and its development pattern is based on top down. Thus, the development of Islam in Saudi Arabia can not be separated from Wahabiyah influence. In the midst of social change, Saudi authorities continue to maintain Wahabiyah as a royal religious ideology. In fact, Wahabiyah ulama also play a role in giving religious approval to the policies of the royal government. However, other factors that also make Islam flourish in Saudi Arabia are the historic impact as the main influence of Muslims since the Prophet era and Saudi Arabia's strategic position for various information reforms in the Islamic world as it controls Mecca and Medina as the sacred city (Haramain). On the other hand, the development of Islam in Saudi Arabia can also be seen in terms of Islamic politics played by the royal government and its foreign political economy which is deemed to be close to the Brtish, US or the West in the Middle East, preferably in the Israel and Palestinian conflict
Perkembangan Islam di Indonesia Era Reformasi
Authors: Sauki M
Published: November 2020

Islam in Indonesia has existed since in the 7th and became more widespread in the 13th. The success of Islam spread in Indonesia including the most dynamic with the method of cultural and political da'wah. Since the era of independence, Islam has grown rapidly. This paper aims to examine the existence of Islam in Indonesia today, with a review before the reform era and after reform. The Islamic movement can be said to be very influential on Indonesia's independence. This is evident from the role of Islamic organizations and parties. Despite its dominant influence, Islam did not become the official ideology of the Indonesian state after independence, as in the events of the Jakarta Charter, Islamic leaders preferred Pancasila as the principle of a pluralistic state. Uniquely, despite the predominantly Muslim population, Islam is not formally exposed in the system of government. After the Reform Era, many new Islamic parties and organizations were established. In Islamic conception, in general, reform is understood as ishlāh, which is in the ushul fiqh rules "keeping something good from the old and taking on the better of the new." Therefore, Islamic leaders are required to observe the global situation and its influence on Indonesia. Post reform also emerged a variety of radical Islamic organizations, terrorism, and movements that demand the implementation of Islamic law in all forms of order carried by certain Islamic movements, such as Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia and others. These problems make Islam a very sensitive issue: claims against Muslim representation, blasphemy, exclusivity and confusion between religion and politics without criticism. Such conditions precisely complicate the development of Islam in Indonesia that should consolidate and strengthen the interests of Islam. Furthermore, this condition is exacerbated also by the emergence of politicization and commercialization of Islamic identity in the context of da'wah, education and public media
Modern perspective of bast crops processing
Authors: Berezovskyi Yuriy
Published: November 2020

In the article the question of finding ways of improving to the processing bast crops is considered. The theoretical questions efficient using of existing to the bast raw materials in the country are processed. The trends of development and competitiveness of the processing sector of light industry are analyzed. In the article the questions of production, finding ways of improving to the volumes production and quality of raw materials for light industry are processed. The present block production diagram of the manufacture flax products in Ukraine for the purpose of development of adequate scenarios of its following development is analyzed.
Method and devicies for determining the linear density of flax fiber
Authors: Holoviy Oleksandr , Lytvynova Anna
Published: November 2020

The article describes the design of two devices for implementation the method for determining the linear density of flax fiber. The results of the experiment confirmed the presence of correlation between the linear density of flax fiber in the sample and the time of passing through the sample a portion of the air of specified volume at a given pressure. The proposed method for determining the linear density of flax fibers can be used in laboratories of breeding establishments, enterprises of primary processing and textile industry
DESAIN FORMULASI PENILAIAN KINERJA KESEHATAN FISKAL DAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI JAWA BARAT)
Authors: Iqbal M.
Published: November 2020

The background of this research was the presence of differences in calculating the local government fiscal condition between that based on the Finance Minister Regulation (FMR) No. 266/2015  that using growth ratio, and Brown (1993) formulation that based on static ratio. The objective of this research was to analyze the differences among those two calculation methods and determine the actual valuation formula based on case studies from 26 regencies/districts in West Java. Descriptive analysis and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare both calculation. The result showed that calculation based on FMR did not show the real fiscal condition of local government and also did not meet sense of fairness for regencies/districts with better fiscal condition, than Brown's (1993) formulation. Based on Wilcoxon signed rank test 72,73% of those all variable in FY 2016 calculation showed significant differences.  The designed formula used to determine the fiscal condition in managing local government financial in this research was the combination of growth ratio calculation and static ratio by using weighted methods and quadrant method.
Optimalisasi Peran BKPM Dalam Meningkatkan Investasi Sektor Infrastruktur Strategis Guna Mendorong Pemerataan Pembangunan
Authors: Baidarus Muhammad , Anggraeni Chintya Dewi Nimas Ayu , Mauliza Hazada Zafira
Published: November 2020

Infrastruktur merupakan kunci penggerak ekonomi suatu bangsa. Ketersediaan infrastruktur yang memadai menjadi faktor dalam mengurangi kesenjangan antar wilayah serta mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan dan berkeadilan. Kebutuhan pendanaan infrastruktur Indonesia sangat besar seiring dengan meningkatnya pembangunan infrastruktur fisik dalam rangka mempermudah konektivitas antar wilayah di Indonesia. Bappenas memperkirakan kebutuhan dana untuk mencapai target pembangunan infrastruktur dalam RPJMN 2015-2019 sebesar Rp 4.796,2 triliun. Namun, keterbatasan kapasitas fiskal yang dimiliki Indonesia membuat pemerintah hanya mampu menyediakan pendanaan kurang dari setengahnya sehingga menimbulkan financial gap. Untuk memenuhi financial gap tersebut, pemerintah perlu mencari alternatif sumber pendanaan yang lain. Melalui studi literatur, salah satu alternatif  untuk memenuhi financial gap tersebut yaitu melalui investasi PMA dan PMDN yang dialokasikan ke sektor infrastruktur strategis. Untuk menarik minat investor, pemerintah melalui BKPM perlu memberikan fasilitas penanaman modal khusus di bidang infrastruktur seperti fasilitas fiskal, penyederhanaan regulasi investasi sehingga akhirnya berpengaruh pada pemenuhan financial gap dalam pembangunan infrastruktur.
ANALISIS DAMPAK EKSTENSIFIKASI BARANG KENA CUKAI PADA KANTONG PLASTIK TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA
Authors: Baidarus Muhammad
Published: November 2020

The use of plastic bags in Indonesia growing more rapidly because its characteristic that practical and steady. Ministry of Environment and Forestry stated the consumption of plastic bags that produced by 90 thousands modern retail outlets in 2016 reaches 9,85 billion. The high rate consumption of plastic bags made Indonesia as the second biggest country produced plastic rubbish after China. As a result, it bring about uncontrollable environmental pollution that harmful to health. This research study the effects of excise in the economy. The establishment of excise on plastic bags cause the plastic bag prices more increasing. Each 1% increase of plastic bag price decrease the demand in the amount of 0,957% and the 20% excise tariff is potentially increase excise revenue to IDR1.603.268,19 million. Therefore, the establishment of excise on plastic bags is the right way that must be applied by goverment to reduce the high cosumption of plastic bags in Indonesia. This research use a descriptive method by studying the result of scientific analytical of data that obtained from documentary and interview result.
PENGARUH BELANJA PEMERINTAH TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA: STUDI KASUS PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Palayukan Marsel
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh belanja pemerintah terhadap pembangunan manusia di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Analisis pembangunan manusia difokuskan pada indikator pengeluaran pemerintah, yang merupakan rasio alokasi pengeluaran pemerintah bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan terhadap total produk domestik regional bruto, konsumsi rumah tangga untuk pendidikan dan kesehatan, serta menggunakan variabel kontrol yang terdiri dari pertumbuhan ekonomi, tenaga kerja dan pertumbuhan penduduk. Studi ini menggunakan data panel dengan analisis yang digunakan least square dummy variabel (LSDV) atau dikenal juga sebagai fixed effect model dengan metode poolled EGLS (cross section weight). Sedangkan untuk menjelaskan hubungan antar variabel dalam penelitian ini digunakan analisis deskriptif. Untuk meningkatkan indeks pembangunan manusia, maka pemerintah daerah harus meningkatkan pengeluaran untuk sektor publik, meningkatkan pendapatan per kapita melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi yang dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan produktivitas daerah.
THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON TAX REVENUE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Pratomo Arif Widya
Published: November 2020

The objective of this research paper is to study the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on tax revenue in developing countries. FDI net inflow, greenfield, and brownfield FDI are selected as the independent variable, and tax revenue and its types are chosen as the dependent variable. Using panel data analysis, this research finds that FDI net inflow has a positive correlation on total tax revenue, corporate tax revenue, individual tax revenue, and VAT revenue. However, the effect of FDI net inflow on property tax revenue is not statistically significant. This research also finds that in the developing countries, the greenfield FDI has a beneficial effect on tax revenue while brownfield FDI tend to erode tax revenue. To deal with the possibility of endogeneity problems, this research uses “political stability and absence of violence” index as an instrumental variable and conducts a two-stage least square (2SLS) regression to estimate the parameter. The result shows that FDI has a positive correlation on total tax revenue, but not significant. However, the endogeneity test shows that the endogeneity problem is less likely to exist. To conclude, FDI and tax revenue tend to have only one direction effect from FDI to tax revenue.
STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN SDM KEMENTERIAN KEUANGAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN ERA DISRUPSI 4.0
Authors: Hartati Ita
Published: November 2020

Revolusi industri 4.0 menghadirkan inovasi teknologi disruptif yang mengaburkan batas fisik, digital, dan biologis di semua sektor, serta mengubah cara manusia hidup dan bekerja. Di satu sisi, terobosan teknologi menciptakan peluang baru di bidang ekonomi, sosial, maupun pengembangan diri pribadi, namun di sisi lain kecerdasan buatan akan mengambil alih pekerjaan manusia. Kesiapan pembangunan SDM sangat diperlukan untuk menghadapi tantangan di era disrupsi 4.0. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan, menganalisis, dan mengkaji strategi pembangunan SDM Kemenkeu dalam menghadapi tantangan di era disrupsi 4.0. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SDM Kemenkeu harus memiliki perubahan pola pikir untuk siap beradaptasi dan merevolusi diri. Strategi pembangunan SDM dilakukan melalui program pelatihan, pendidikan, pembinaan, rekrutmen, perubahan sistem, kesempatan, dan penghargaan, serta memperhatikan keseimbangan antara aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. sehingga akan tercipta SDM yang unggul, kreatif, dan inovatif, serta adaptif terhadap gempuran revolusi industri 4.0.
Comparison between Personality, Emotional, and Educational Outcomes of Multiple Mini Interviews and Personal Interview
Authors: Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri
Published: November 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the outcomes of multiple mini interviews and personal interview on personality traits, emotional intelligence, perceived educational environment, and stressors. Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study on two cohorts of pre-clinical medical students who were selected by multiple mini interviews and personal interview, respectively. Their personality traits, emotional intelligence, perceived educational environment, and perceived stressors were measured using different measurement tools. Results: Multiple mini interviews and personal interview demonstrated a similar ability to recruit medical students with a high level of emotional intelligence. The main advantage of personal interviews over multiple mini interviews in terms of personality traits is that it recruited candidates who had a higher level of conscientiousness trait. The main advantage of multiple mini interviews over personal interview on the educational environment is that medical students chosen by multiple mini interviews had a higher level of satisfaction with social aspects of medical training. Regardless of admission processes, the medical students were equally vulnerable to psychological distress due to various stressful events throughout medical training particularly related to academic loads. Conclusion: This study provided evidence to support the outcomes that multiple mini interviews and personal interview have on medical students’ emotional intelligence, personality traits, perceived educational environment, and perceived stressors during the pre-clinical medical training. Interestingly, personal interview had a better outcome on conscientiousness while multiple mini interviews had a better outcome on the social aspect.
Colchicine, an anti-rheumatic agent, as a potential compound for the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Perricone Carlo , Bartoloni Elena , Gerli Roberto
Published: November 2020

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swept the world in a pandemic. The disease (COVID-19) is characterized by acute respiratory distress, and there is an immediate need for any effective agent before the development of a vaccine. Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a -coronavirus which causes pneumonia, requires intensive care unit hospitalization in about 10% of cases and can lead to a fatal outcome [1].