bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Machine Learning-Driven Cyber Attack Detection in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Ecosystem
Authors: Gopinath M , Man V. Gnana Sri , Ram M. Aditya , Khan Sajid , Kumar Praveen
Published: January 2025

Today, the rise of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has evolved into a highly valued global market worth billions of dollars. However, this growth has also created many opportunities for massive and advanced attack scenarios due to the vast number of devices and their interconnected communication networks. Based on recent reports, it is observed that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the necessity of the IoMT ecosystem has increased significantly. On the other hand, attackers and intruders aim to impair data integrity and patient safety with the prevalence of sophisticated cyber attacks including Man in the Middle (MITM) attacks like spoofing and data injection. This research work uses the WUSTL-EHMS-2020 dataset to present a strong machine learning-based attack detection method. To tackle the distinct security issues of IoMT, we provide an ensemble model that combines Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifiers. By utilizing the complementing advantages of SVM's decision boundary precision and XGBoost's gradient-based optimization, our model outperforms baseline techniques with a superior detection accuracy of 94.29%. Further, it examines the applicability of a proposed model for IoMT-specific features, including heterogeneous medical device communication, resource limitations, and patient data sensitivity and compares the model with other IoT and IoMT datasets, revealing how cyberattack patterns vary based on environment. Thus this research work advances the creation of trustworthy and scalable cybersecurity solutions for Internet of Medical Things systems.
Propagation Modeling and Performance Analysis on Millimetre Waves for 5G and Beyond Mobile Networks Using OFDM
Authors: Farah Abdiaziz Hersi , Jete Ahmed Adan , Mohamud Abdiaziz Osman , Ali Abdirahman Farah
Published: January 2025

Recent studies have explored millimeter wave (mm-Wave) communication as a crucial enabling technology for advanced connectivity in 5G and future mobile networks. However, mm-wave transmissions face challenges, including a low signal-to-noise ratio and a high likelihood of outages due to significant propagation losses and sensitivity to obstructions. This thesis delves into the characteristics of millimeter wave propagation and presents modeling results for 5G cellular networks operating at frequencies of 6 GHZ, 38 GHz, and 73 GHz in densely populated urban areas. Simulations were conducted using the NYUSIM simulator to assess the performance of mm-wave channel characteristics, with results compared to previously collected field data from another research. Our analysis focuses on significant mm-wave properties, including path loss, delay spread, and power delay profile, for both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. We also investigate how the features and performance of different millimeter wave frequencies change as the distance between the transmitter and receiver increases. This comparison includes omnidirectional and directional propagation in a smaller microcell versus a cell five times larger. Our findings suggest that all 5G deployments could feasibly support mm-wave communication.
Pine Pollen-Derived Activated Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes: A Comparative Study of KOH and CuCl 2 Activation
Authors: Atalay Funda Ersoy , Kaya Harun , Korkmaz Aydan Aksogan , Guler Seher
Published: January 2025

Carbon-containing materials are vital for supercapacitor electrodes. Activated porous carbons are especially attractive due to their high surface area, conductivity, and porous structure, making them ideal for double-layer supercapacitors. Recently, researchers have turned to biological materials like bacteria, algae, fungi, and pollen to create porous carbon structures. Among these, pine pollen stands out for its abundance and ease of collection. This study focused on converting pine pollen into porous carbon using hydrothermal carbonization in water, followed by activation with different agents. The carbonized pollen was activated with KOH and CuCl2 at various ratios to form nanostructured porous carbons. Scanning electron microscope images showed that activation with KOH and CuCl2 partially altered the pollen morphology. The sample with a 1:2 pollen-to-KOH ratio had the highest surface area at 2030.32 m²/g. To evaluate their electrochemical performance, supercapacitor electrodes were created using two types of activated carbons. The specific capacitance of KOH-activated carbon (KAC) was 230 F/g, while CuCl2-activated carbon (CuAC) showed 175.9 F/g, both at 5 A/g. After 5000 charge-discharge cycles, KAC retained 76% of its capacitance, and CuAC retained 93%. These results demonstrate pine pollen's potential as a precursor for high-performance porous carbons.
Age and Sex-Based Differences in Therapy Preferences Among Patients with Cancer: Evidence from a Novel Therapy Preference Scale
Authors: Dhakal Prajwal , Wichman Christopher S. , Pozehl Bunny J , Elnair Radowan , Yellala Amulya , Mahato Kalika , Bhatt Vijaya Raj
Published: January 2025

Background
Patients’ preferences are crucial to formulating personalized treatment plans. We developed a self-reported questionnaire, Therapy Preference Scale (TPS), to examine treatment preferences of patients with cancer.
Methods
TPS has 30 questions-19 on patients' preferences on safety, quality of life, and treatment effectiveness, 8 questions on importance of various treatment characteristics, and 3 on patients' preferred intent of therapy, expenses, and life expectancy gain. We recruited 300 adults>18 years with a cancer diagnosis and categorized them into 4 age-by-sex groups (younger men<60 years, older men≥60 years, younger women<60 years, older women≥60 years). Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric ANOVA method was used to compare responses among 4 groups.
Results
Older women, compared to other groups, were more likely to value maintenance of cognitive function and ability to perform daily activities. Older women were more likely to risk having a shorter life expectancy rather than facing the risk of long-term cognitive impairments. Younger men and women were more likely to accept more effective treatment, even if it caused significant pain. A higher percentage of younger men, compared to other groups, valued maintaining sex life. Older men and women were more likely to prefer oral pills over intravenous therapy.
Conclusion
Patient preferences may vary based on age and sex with older women prioritizing cognitive and physical function independence more frequently, whereas younger men and women willing to pursue more effective treatment options even with a greater risk of significant pain. TPS can elicit detailed preferences of an individual patient to facilitate shared decision-making with their oncologists.
Benchmarking Machine Learning Models for Cell Type Annotation in Single-Cell vs Single-Nucleus RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Tortelote Giovane
Published: January 2025

Background
Machine learning (ML) models can automate cell annotation and reduce human bias. However, it remains unclear which ML model best suits the characteristics of single-cell RNA sequencing data and whether a trained model can be applied to transcriptomes collected from nuclei rather than whole cells. This study evaluates the performance of eight selected ML models for cell annotation in single-cell (scRNA-seq) vs single-nucleus (snRNA-seq) RNA sequencing datasets, focusing on their ability to generalize across datasets with varying cell populations and transcriptome isolation techniques.
Results
In the first part, we use two publicly available scRNA-seq datasets of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC3K and PBMC10K) to assess the performance of each ML model in cell type classification within and across datasets. XGBoost achieved high accuracy (95.4%-95.8%), precision, and F1-scores, outperforming simpler models like Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes. Ensemble methods like XGBoost and Random Forest demonstrated strong precision and recall. Elastic Net demonstrated nearly as good generalizability achieving high accuracy (94.7%-95.1%). In the second part, we investigated the impact of transcriptome isolation techniques (single-cell vs. single-nucleus RNA-seq) on ML model performance using the publicly available cardiomyocyte differentiation datasets (GSE129096). Although models like XGBoost and Elastic Net excelled in single-cell data (accuracy and F1-scores > 95%), performance declined notably in single-nucleus data, suggesting inherent transcriptomic differences can impact ML model classification capacity. Notably, all models struggled with classifying intermediate-stage cells, highlighting challenges in distinguishing transitional cell populations, such as cardiac progenitors that retain stem cell markers while showing expression of differentiated cell markers.
Conclusion
ML models can be trained and applied to classify cells origination from both scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq. Ensemble tree-based models and penalized elastic regression demonstrated superior performance and generalizability across diverse datasets, emphasizing the importance of model selection for robust cell annotation. These findings underscore the need for tailored computational approaches when working with heterogeneous transcriptome data.
Pack-Years as a Stable Predictor of Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Liao Jiaojiao , Wang Zhaoyu , Liu Yu , Li Zhaoji , Wang Hui , Tao Liyuan
Published: January 2025

Background
To clarify the dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing or dying from multiple site-specific cancers.
Methods
We prospectively analyzed baseline smoking pack-years in relation to cancer incidence and mortality in the UK Biobank, with data obtained from national cancer registries. Using a competing risk model, we assessed the associations between smoking pack-years and cancer outcomes, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, SES, drinking habits, and family cancer history.
Results
The study involved 336,885 individuals with a mean age of 55.9 years (SD 8.07), 53% of whom were female. There were 33,099 (9.8%) current smokers with an average of 27.16 (SD 18.38) pack-years and 87,241 (25.9%) former smokers with an average of 21.36 (SD 18.24) pack-years. Over a median follow-up of 13.93 years, 36,964 cancer events and 11,931 cancer deaths were recorded. The incidence and mortality risks of overall cancers increased linearly with smoking pack-years. Each additional pack-year increased the risk of all cancers by 0.9% (HR = 1.009, 95% CI = 1.008–1.009) and smoking-related cancers by 1.7% (HR = 1.017, 95% CI = 1.017–1.018). Cancer mortality rose by 1.5% per pack-year (HR = 1.015, 95% CI = 1.015–1.016), particularly in lung, bladder, esophageal, liver, and stomach cancers, with HRs ranging from 1.010 to 1.028. The study highlights the linear relationship between smoking pack-years and cancer risk, especially for smoking-related cancers. However, some cancers showed no significant correlation or an opposite effect.
Conclusion
Pack-years of smoking provide a linear representation of smoking’s impact on cancer incidence and mortality, significantly affecting various malignancies, particularly smoking-related ones.
Cost Comparison of a Multivariant Vacation and Working Vacation Queuing Model With Different Kind of Waiting Servers
Authors: R Remya
Published: January 2025

The research delves into evaluating the efficiency of different models in queueing systems with service interruptions, aiming to optimize service rates and enhance customer satisfaction. To determine the most cost-effective model for a single server serving multiple variants with working vacation periods and waiting servers. The study employs probability generating functions and MATLAB techniques to analyze and compare three queueing models.Findings: The research provides a steady-state solution and cost analysis for the examined models, shedding light on the optimal approach for managing service interruptions. The study contributes to operations management by offering insights into improving queueing systems' performance and customer service through efficient model selection. The data used in the study includes service times and vacation lengths following exponential distributions. The research involves analyzing the models' performance using probability generating functions and MATLAB simulations to compare their cost-effectiveness. The study addresses the question of which model among the three considered is the most efficient in terms of cost and service quality. The study identifies the most effective queueing model among the evaluated options for optimized service rates and enhanced customer satisfaction.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 60K25 . 68M20 . 90B22
A novel SadP-scFv UCHT1 lectibody activates T cells and mediates lysis in Burkitt’s lymphoma cells
Authors: Tomisch Jana , Gräber Jonas , Makshakova Olga N. , Salavei Pavel , Rosato Francesca , Mariscal Sarah Frisancho , Varrot Annabelle , Imberty Anne , Römer Winfried
Published: January 2025

Purpose
Abnormal glycosylation has been long considered a hallmark of cancer progression. Carbohydrate-binding proteins, also known as lectins, offer a unique way to target glycosylation changes in malignant cells. The present study repurposes SadP, a lectin from Streptococcus suis, to target globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), a glycosphingolipid overly abundant in many cancer types including Burkitt’s lymphoma. SadP was genetically fused to a scFv of an anti-CD3 antibody, resulting in a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE)-like protein referred to as lectibody.
Methods
The lectibody was designed as a fusion protein by genetically linking the SadP to the scFv UCHT1 anti-CD3 antibody. Protein expression was carried out in Escherichia coli and the resulting lectibody was purified using affinity and size exclusion chromatography. The lectibody was tested for its specificity in binding Gb3-positive cancer cells by flow cytometry. T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity was measured in a bioluminescence-based cytotoxicity assay, and T-cell activation was assessed by evaluating CD69 and CD71 expression on PBMCs, incubated with target cells and the lectibody.
Results
The present study demonstrates that the SadP-scFv UCHT1 lectibody can redirect T cell cytotoxicity towards Gb3+ Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, resulting in a dose-dependent target cell lysis up to 65% in-vitro at a concentration of 10 nM. In the same experimental setting, negative control cells characterized by a low or absent Gb3 content remained unaffected. Lectibody-induced T cell activation resulted in a significant increase in CD69 and CD71 surface expression in PBMCs incubated with SadP-scFv UCHT1 and Gb3+ cancer cells.
Conclusion
This study highlights the potential of lectins in immunotherapy for the treatment and eradication of malignant cells. The SadP-based lectibody demonstrates improved efficacy and yield when compared to the previously published StxB-scFv UCHT1 lectibody, therefore opening the possibility for its use in an in-vivo model.
Protein disulfide isomerase family is a potential therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lin Li , Lu Yue , Zhang Yingkun , Qi Nannan , Huang Shuyi , Peng Meinan , Zhao Zhenzhen , Yang Aizhen , Niu Zhiyun , Wang Yan , Han Yue , Wu Yi , Zhang Jingyu
Published: January 2025

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as the second most common hematological malignancy remains currently incurable. In this study, we found the protein disulphide isomerase family (PDIs) was expressed in primary leukemia cells, with particular emphasis on ERP5 and ERP57. The compound PACMA31 demonstrated the ability to inhibit proliferation, enhance differentiation, exacerbate oxidative stress, and induce apoptosis in AML cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that PACMA31 impeded the proliferation of AML cells by modulating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Notably, Western blot results indicated that the antiproliferative effects of PACMA31 were mediated through the PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway. The selective inhibition of PDIs activity collectively induces apoptosis and differentiation in AML cells by activating the UPR via the PERK/eIF2α pathway. Consequently, PDIs inhibitors may represent promising candidates for the development of antitumor therapeutics against AML.
Enhancing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functionality Through Nestin Overexpression: A Novel Approach for Treating End-Stage Liver Disease
Authors: He Xiaolong , Yang Ning , Sun Tao , Xue Junlong , Zhang Xue , Chu Jin , Li Liang , Liu Hui , Lü Guodong , Bi Xiaojuan , Lin Renyong
Published: January 2025

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a novel therapeutic strategy for end-stage liver disease. However, the clinical application of MSCs is limited by challenges in their proliferation and procurement. In this study, we demonstrate that modified MSCs with Nestin overexpression can exhibit enhanced proliferation and migratory capabilities. A sufficient quantity of functional mitochondria is crucial for hepatocyte proliferation. Notably, Nestin overexpression improves the mitochondrial function of modified MSCs and facilitates hepatocyte proliferation through the transfer of mitochondria via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). In Echinococcus multilocularis infection models, we observed that modified MSCs significantly enhanced hepatocyte proliferation and effectively reduced liver damage. Consequently, the transplantation of modified MSCs emerges as a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of end-stage liver disease.
Oral microbiome in COPD patients: association with lung function and impacts of smoking and inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Guo Rongrong , Wang Yongxin , Wu Shuo , Guo Ruirui , Zhang Junsong , Chen Xutao , Ti Xinyu
Published: January 2025

Background
The aim of our study was to describe the characteristics of oral microbiome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with different pulmonary function grades, and to investigate the impact of smoking and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on the oral microbiome in patients with various lung function impairments.
Methods
Pyrosequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16s rDNA genes was used to investigate the oral microbiome. COPD was diagnosed based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Guidelines 2021.
Results
Bacterial richness and diversity increased in GOLD2-4 patients, and the beta-diversity analysis indicated differences between GOLD2-4 groups and CTRL-GOLD1 groups. Veillonella, Actinomyces, Escherichia-Shigella and Lactobacillus varies with different lung functions and there were different dominant strains in different groups, respectively. Functional genes of oral microbiome in GOLD2-4 patients also unfolded considerable discrepancy compared to CTRL. Smoking increased the abundance of Prevotella_7, Veillonella, Leptotrichia and Prevotella in GOLD 2–4 patients as well as the abundance of sixteen KEGG pathways. ICS treatment increased the diversity of the oral microbiome, and Prevotella and Porphyromonas were biomarkers found in the ICS group.
Conclusions
As lung function declined, the diversity, structure, distribution and signature of the oral microbiome changed, and the oral microbiomes of patients with different lung function had unique characteristics. Smoking and ICS affected the oral microbiome of COPD patients. Taken together, our findings may not only partially explain the mechanism of onset and development of COPD from perspective of the oral microbiome and its functional genes, but also provide an in-depth understanding of biomarker bacteria for COPD grades.
Risk factors for postoperative ileus following posterior spinal instrumentation in thoracic and lumbar spine fractures: a case control study
Authors: Fan Jixing , Cao Yuan , Cui Zengzhen , Zhu Tengjiao , Si Gao , Gao Shan , Lai Shengtao , Lv Yang , Zhou Fang
Published: January 2025

Background
The postoperative ileus (PI) was an unusual adverse effect, and the incidence and risk factors were still unclear. The purpose of present study was to clarify the prevalence of PI and elucidate the risk factors for PI following posterior spinal instrumentation in thoracic and lumbar spine fractures.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients who developed PI after posterior spinal instrumentation in thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. For each PI patient, data were collected for two controls who underwent procedures in the same period and did not develop PI. Statistical methods included univariate and multivariate analyses. The logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors of PI following posterior spinal instrumentation in thoracic and lumbar spine fractures.
Results
14 patients suffered from PI were included in the PI group and 28 patients without PI were included in the no PI group. Univariate analysis showed that previous abdominal surgery, a lower serum hemoglobin and albumin level, a longer LOS, neurologic deficit, a higher proportion of multi-level fractured vertebrae, longer operation time, greater estimated blood loss and RBC transfusion were associated with the occurrence of PI (P < 0.05). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that previous abdominal surgery (OR, 9.857; 95%CI, 1.069 ~ 90.860; p = 0.043) and multi-level fractured vertebrae (OR, 15.410; 95%CI, 2.136 ~ 111.158; p = 0.007) were the independent risk factors for PI (P < 0.05, respectively).
Conclusion
The PI should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with postoperative significant abdominal distension who had undergone posterior instrumentation for spinal trauma. A previous abdominal surgery and multi-level fractured vertebrae were independent risk factors for PI following posterior spinal instrumentation in thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. Knowledge of the associated predictive risk factors could potentially assist with the development of rigorous, evidence-based preventative strategies.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of pulse pests infestation sensitivity and ozone control on seed quality characteristics
Authors: Zinhoum Rasha A. , Omran Azza A. , Ebian Eman F. , Kassem Enas M.K.
Published: January 2025

The sensitivity of Egyptian pulses for bruchids beetle [Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) and Callosobruchus maculatus] and mite (Acarus siro & Caloglyphus berlesei) infections and their impact on stored nutrients was investigated, as well as the effects of different ozone concentrations on controlling all stages of A. obtectus and mites infesting beans. The physicochemical quality properties of ozonated bean seeds were studied. For C. maculatus, the most significant weight loss was in cowpea, while A. obtectus showed the highest weight loss in common bean, while the faba bean, and chickpeas were the lowest. A. siro is more widespread than C. berlesi mites. The larval stage of A. obtectus was highly sensitive to ozone. A. siro was more tolerant to ozone than C. berlesei. Infected pulses increase moisture, while protein, crude fibers, fiber components, ash, fats, and phenolics decreased compared with non-infected, and the decrease rate was more significant in seeds infected with cowpea beetles than bean beetles. The lightness values, fats, and protein digestibility increased in ozonated beans, while the 100-seed weights, starch granule sizes, moisture, protein, and phenolic contents decreased compared with the control. Ozone enhanced the water absorption percentage and reduced the cooking time of beans, and they were acceptable for their sensory qualities compared with control samples.
The partial erythropoietin receptor agonist ML1-R is a potent neuroprotective drug with a distinct signaling profile.
Authors: Kwon Oh-Hoon , Bae Jinsik , Byun Jun Chul , Jeong Hyun-Joo , Liu Jixing , Lee Chang-Hun , Yoo Seung-Jun , Lee Seong-Ryong , Moon Cheil
Published: January 2025

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow and protects neurons from oxidative stress, making it a potential treatment for various neurological diseases. However, EPO analogs often lead to side effects like excessive erythropoiesis and tumor growth. In this study, we aimed to develop ML1-R, a peptide derived from the C-helix of EPO, to enhance neuroprotection while minimizing adverse effects. By modifying amino acids that interact with EPO receptors (EPORs), ML1-R activated EPORs differently from recombinant EPO (reEPO). ML1-R provided stronger neuroprotection than reEPO without promoting cell proliferation. In a murine stroke models and in-vitro neuron cultures, ML1-R reduced brain injury and prevented neuronal death caused by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and hypoxia-reoxygenation. AlphaFold3 computational analysis showed distinct binding affinity and geometric structures between ML1-R–EPOR and EPO–EPOR complexes. ML1-R prolonged JAK2 activation and activated Akt/Erk signaling in distinct patterns, increasing EPORs on cell surface membranes. This reduced apoptosis and alleviated calcium overload, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and hypoxia–reoxygenation. In conclusion, these findings highlight ML1-R as a promising candidate to treat ischemic stroke, reperfusion brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Utilizing C-Reactive Protein as a Predictor for Subclinical Mastitis
Authors: Sanjeevi Thiyagarajan , Sivaraman Valarmathi , Karunanithi Yogasri
Published: January 2025

Mastitis stands out as the most economically significant ailment in dairy cows due to its adverse effects on milk quality and reproductive performance, often leading to the involuntary culling of affected cows. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) can be considered a precursor to severe mastitis. This current study sheds light on the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a potential indicator for the presence of bovine SCM. The research involved the analysis of milk samples from a total of 49 cows, encompassing crossbred and native breeds. These samples were evaluated for their CRP levels and then compared with the absolute somatic cell count. To identify SCM, a somatic cell count within the range of 5.00-7.5 lakhs/ml was used as a threshold. The results revealed elevated CRP concentrations in the milk of cows afflicted with clinical mastitis (11.72 ± 0.75 µg/mL) as well as those with subclinical mastitis (10.9 ± 1.2 µg/mL), in stark contrast to the levels observed in healthy cows (0.33 ± 0.02 µg/mL). This research suggests that CRP may serve as a valuable tool for the ongoing surveillance of bovine mastitis, ultimately contributing to improved milk production performance.
Low Risk Covid-19 Travel Map – A Generic Solution
Authors: SAURAV SWAPNIL , Peter J Hencil , Dwivedi Jaiprakash Narain
Published: January 2025

Whole world has seen the havoc created by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is an infectious disease. 'CO' stands for corona, 'VI' for virus, and 'D' for disease. Formerly, this disease was referred to as '2019 novel coronavirus' or '2019-nCoV.' The COVID-19 virus is a new virus linked to the same family of viruses as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and some types of common cold. The recovery rate for someone suffering from COVID-19 varies from 92%-97% around the world, which is probably not a cause of concern. More concerning is that older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness and even can lead to death. The major concerns for the governments around the world was to control the transmission of this disease. The world which was known to be interconnected suddenly started closing borders. Even the states within countries sealed their borders. Flights were disrupted. Hospitality industry suffered a great financial loss. According to The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), tourism generated $240 bn or 9.2% of India's GDP in 2018 and supported 42.67 mn jobs which is 8.1% of its total employment. The industry saw major job loss and contraction in its revenues. This was the biggest motivator to carry out this research. Challenge is to come up with best possible routes during Covid-19 times and this could be extended to any such pandemic we might encounter in future as well.
We propose two standard approaches to calculate risk for the travel locations in this paper. The two approaches are:

Approach 1: Risk calculation based on main travel locations’
active cases, and
Approach 2: Risk calculation based on main travel locations and
locations’ immediate neighbours

In our research, Covid-19 dataset for India has been used and that has been downloaded from the government official website. Though the proposed solution can be applied in any country/area map, our experiment is mainly focus India as we have used India’s Covid-19 dataset. Our proposed algorithms connects with Google Maps and suggest top 3 low risk routes for the traveller. We want to make sure the world remains connected and no other such pandemic should stop the movement of goods or people.
Emergent dynamics of active elastic microbeams
Authors: Palacci Jérémie , Martinet Quentin , Li Yuting , Aubret Antoine , Hannezo Edouard
Published: January 2025

In equilibrium, the physical properties of matter are set by the interactions between the constituents. In contrast, the energy input of the individual components controls the behavior of synthetic or living active matter. Great progress has been made in understanding the emergent phenomena in active fluids, though their inability to resist shear forces hinders their practical use. This motivates the exploration of active solids as shape-shifting materials, yet, we lack controlled synthetic systems to devise active solids with unconventional properties. Here we build active elastic beams from dozens of active colloids and unveil complex emergent behaviors such as self-oscillations or persistent rotations. Developing tensile tests at the microscale, we show that the active beams are ultra-soft materials, with large (non-equilibrium) fluctuations. Combining experiments, theory, and stochastic inference, we show that the dynamics of the active beams can be mapped on different phase transitions which are tuned by boundary conditions. More quantitatively, we assess all relevant parameters by independent measurements or first-principles calculations, and find that our theoretical description agrees with the experimental observations. Our results demonstrate that the simple addition of activity to an elastic beam unveils novel physics and can inspire design strategies for active solids and functional microscopic machines.
MICRONUTRIENT STATUS IN CHILDREN INFECTED WITH THE SARS-COV-2 VIRUS
Authors: Pavlyshyn Halyna , Labivka Oksana
Published: January 2025

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has raised significant public health concerns, leading to varying degrees of respiratory illness. Vitamins A, D, B6, B9, and B12 are essential for immune responses to viral infections, including COVID-19, while homocysteine, regulated by B vitamins, may affect inflammatory reactions and vascular complications.
This study aimed to assess the levels of these micronutrients and homocysteine in children with COVID-19, exploring potential links to disease severity.
Materials and Methods: The study, included 112 children with COVID-19 and 23 healthy controls. Serum levels of vitamins A, D, B6, B9, B12, and homocysteine were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results showed that children with mild COVID-19 had higher vitamin A levels (456.10 ng/ml) than those with moderate (347.30 ng/ml) and severe cases (242.90 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). Vitamin D and B6 levels also decreased with increased severity, from 30.91 ng/ml and 56.80 ng/ml in mild cases to 22.42 ng/ml and 39.41 ng/ml in severe cases, respectively (p < 0.05). Vitamin B9 was lower in severe cases (3.90 ng/ml) compared to mild (4.78 ng/ml) (p < 0.05), while B12 showed no significant differences.
Conclusions: vitamins D, B6, and B9 appear to play a significant role in reducing COVID-19 severity in children, while vitamin A has a smaller effect, and B12 shows no notable influence. These findings suggest the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin levels during the COVID-19 pandemic to potentially mitigate disease severity.
Hematite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry unveils unique exhumation history: An example from the Dexing porphyry copper deposit, Southern China
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Yu , An Fang , Yuan Honglin , Gao Jianfeng
Published: January 2025

Hematite, commonly found in endogenetic deposits, plays a crucial role in monitoring cooling history temperature variations and can be used to conduct (U-Th)/He dating. Hematite thermochronometry also provides the clearest guide to the timing of the latest thermal evolution path combined with apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He dating. In this study, we established a new method of hematite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry based on an optimized analytical protocol to reveal the evolution of the latest uplift and cooling histroy of the Dexing porphyry copper deposit (DPCD), South China. Two hematite samples were collected from the Tongchang and Fujiawu mines in the DPCD yielded age distributions at 92-11.2 Ma and 112-24 Ma, and gave closure temperatures between 180 and 215 °C based on hematite particle sizes of 88-199 μm. Combined with the published (U-Th)/He thermochronological data on zircon and apatite, this study proposes that the DPCD may have experienced a prolonged temperature derease thermal history. The initial exhumation and uplift were happened at 112 Ma, then a rapid uplift occurred from 11.2 to 8.0 Ma. This study also demonstrates that the hematite (U-Th)/He dating can be effectively applied to reveal the uplift and preservation history of porphyry copper deposits.
Enfermería en un mundo acelerado: la consciencia situacional como pilar del cuidado
Authors: Arango Urrea Juan David
Published: January 2025

Los desafíos de un mundo acelerado y en constante evolución impactan profundamente en la práctica de enfermería. La tecnología, la multitarea y las expectativas crecientes de los sujetos de cuidado presentan retos adicionales los cuales deben ser gestionados en el día a día por los profesionales. En medio de este ritmo acelerado y vertiginoso se destaca la práctica de la consciencia situacional la cual es desarrollada como una habilidad que proporciona un pilar sólido para el ejercicio profesional en enfermería en este siglo y de cara al futuro. La consciencia situacional impacta profundamente en las dinámicas de salud, en la seguridad de las personas, en la comunicación efectiva y a todo nivel, en la coordinación y gestión de equipos, así como en el autocuidado, la satisfacción personal y profesional y en los resultados en salud.
Yulgok Yi I's publication ideology
Authors:   The Korean Publishing Science Society, Roh Byung Sung
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to reconstruct and reconceptualize the writings, books, and reading-related texts scattered among the works of Yulgok Yi I under the theme of “Yulgok Yi I's Publishing Ideas.” The study results show that the characteristics of Yi I's perspective on authorship related to writing and authorship emphasize the prudence in writing and authorship. To Yi I, books were like a repository containing the standards of Taoist judgment, the standards of truth judgment, and criteria for distinguishing between good and evil. For Yi I, reading was not just the act of reading books but finding the principles of things and everyday life through books. The essence of reading emphasized by Yi I in this paper appeared as reading for inquiry, reading for discernment, reading for practice, and reading for practicality. Yi I perceived the knowledge gained through reading as lower-level knowledge, believing that ultimate knowledge was achieved through final practice. The factors Yi I saw as hindrances to reading included the illness of reading without thought (無念), the illness of reading with only the mind ahead, the illness of separation between the text and the reader, and the illness of reading with high barriers and difficult behavior.
Doxazosin Attenuates Development of Testosterone Propionate-induced Prostate Growth by regulating TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway, Prostate-specific Antigen Expression and Reversing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Mice and Stroma Cells
Authors: Li YiDan , Tu BingHua , Wang ZiTong , Shao ZiChen , Fu ChenHao , Hua JianQiang , Zhang ZiWen , Zhang Peng , Sun Hui , Mao ChenYan , Liu Chi-Ming
Published: January 2025

Objectives:

The present study examined the effects of doxazosin on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced prostate growth in vivo and in vitro and its impact on
the EMT and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Methods:

Mice were treated with TP. Doxazosin (5 or 10 mg/kg) and finasteride (10 mg/kg) were administered orally for 28 days in TP-induced mice. The
prostate index (prostate/body weight ratio), morphological characteristics and the protein expression of the prostate were examined. We further
examined the effects of doxazosin and finasteride on the EMT and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in mice and in human prostate stroma cell
(WPMY-1). The protein expressions of TGF-β1, TGFBR2, p-Smad2/3, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin and α-SMA, E-cadherin and prostate
specific antigen (PSA) were determined after treatment by western blot.

Results:

The prostate wet weight, prostate index decreased after treatment. Doxazosin (5 or 10 mg/kg), finasteride (10 mg/kg) or a combination treatment
(doxazosin 10 mg/kg + finasteride 10 mg/kg) were shown to reverse the pathological and morphological characteristics of the prostate. Doxazosin
and finasteride inhibited TP-induced prostate growth, EMT, and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway by downregulating the expression of TGF-β1,
TGFBR2, p-Smad2/3, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin and α-SMA, whereas expression of E-cadherin was increased after treatment with either
doxazosin or finasteride. Doxazosin (1-50 μM) inhibited normal human prostate stroma cell growth (WPMY-1) after 48 h with or without
testosterone treatment. Doxazosin also regulated the EMT and proteins related to the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in WPMY-1 cells after 24 h.
Additionally, doxazosin decreased protein expression of the PSA both in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that doxazosin inhibits prostate growth by regulating the EMT and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways in the prostate. This
finding suggests that doxazosin has potential as a new signaling pathway for the treatment of BPH.
Intelligent IoT Healthcare Applications Powered by Blockchain Technology
Authors: Babasaheb Jadhav  , Mudassar Sayyed  , Shashi Kant Gupta
Published: January 2025

The fusion of artificial intelligence (AI) with the Internet of Things (IoT)
marks a significant advancement in enhancing conventional healthcare systems across
various domains, such as monitoring vital signs and patient behaviors. IoT sensors
collect extensive information, which is then processed by AI platforms for informed
decision-making. However, the pivotal challenges of privacy and security loom large,
demanding robust protective measures for patient data against unauthorized access.

While access control has conventionally been employed to address these concerns, a
more effective solution lies in leveraging blockchain technology. Consequently, the
integration of IoT-based healthcare monitoring with blockchain emerges as a
compelling technological innovation, offering a promising avenue to alleviate security
and privacy apprehensions associated with data collection. This chapter introduces an
architectural framework designed to gather, store, analyze, facilitate intelligent
decision-making, and safeguard data using blockchain technology.

The proposed architecture harnesses the computational power derived from the synergy
of IoT, blockchain, and artificial intelligence. It represents a versatile solution
applicable across a broad spectrum of healthcare optimization initiatives, showcasing
the potential to revolutionize and optimize healthcare systems.

The purpose of this study is to harness the power of artificial intelligence, IoT, and
blockchain technology in making a system capable of enhancing the healthcare system.
Further, the study presents an architecture that, if implemented, can help optimize the
healthcare systems.

An architecture-based approach with AI, IoT, and blockchain techniques will be
followed in designing architecture that can solve the integrated issues of data privacy
and security that occur in healthcare systems.

A systematic architecture will be generated to tackle the healthcare industry problem.
Systematic study and architecture will serve as a platform for new research and
application development.
Blockchain-Powered Integrated Health Profile and Record Management System for Seamless Consultation Leveraging Unique Identifiers
Authors: Ganesh Khekare  , Rahul Agrawal  , Rahul Khatri  , Soham Ghugare  , Sharnil Pandya
Published: January 2025

Integrated health profile (IHP) utilizes the power of blockchain technology
and smart contracts to construct a decentralized and tamper-proof platform for storing
and sharing decentralized health records. Ensuring security and removing all
vulnerabilities from accessing doctor-patient data remotely aims to reduce patient wait
times and chances of incorrect pre-consultation data. In the IHP system, every patient is
linked with a unique identifier, and their health records linked to this unique identifier
are stored securely. Everyone gets access to a personal IHP card, which plays a pivotal
role in the entire IHP framework. It consists of a database of patient health records,
including but not limited to reports, prescriptions, medical bills, and insurance receipts.
Each card's unique identifier is printed on the physical card with a QR code linked to it.
When scanned by the medical practitioner, the request is validated using an OTP-based
two-factor authentication. Upon successful verification, the patient controls what subset
of their medical database the practitioner would be able to access. This gives the patient
control over the privacy of medical records. Implementation of this framework reduces
manual doctor-patient questioning time and waiting time at medical center receptions.
Overall, it reduces various administrative tasks and eliminates the need to have, keep,
and carry physical records, improving operational productivity. This is done by
harnessing the strength of application programming interfaces (APIs) that connect
customer-centric applications (CCAs) that are used by customers to discover medical
facilities to medical service provider applications (MSPs) that fulfill the medical
service. Real-time information on medical facilities is fetched via APIs, giving all CCAs access to real-time information on all MSPs and helping fulfill medical service
demands at scale.
Applications of Blockchain in Healthcare: State-ofthe-Art Survey
Authors: J. Sathish Kumar  , M.V. Sanand
Published: January 2025

This survey provides a state-of-the-art survey of the applications of
blockchain technology in the healthcare industry with a few case studies. It aims to
explore the significance of blockchain technology in healthcare and its potential to
enhance healthcare services in the context of federated blockchain. The paper covers
background information on healthcare technology and the benefits, challenges, and
limitations of using blockchain technology in healthcare. In this regard, we proposed
provenance-based architecture, Hyperledger Fabric-based architecture, and integrated
architecture, which contains Aadhar verification and patient history features in the
context of India. Overall, the paper demonstrates that blockchain technology has the
potential to improve the healthcare industry significantly, but more research and
development are required to overcome the challenges and limitations.
Deep Learning-Powered Visual Augmentation for the Visually Impaired
Authors: Gandrapu Satya Sai Surya Subrahmanya Venkata Krishna Mohan  , Mahammad Firose Shaik  , G. Usandra Babu  , Manikandan Hariharan  , Kiran Kumar Patro
Published: January 2025

The interdisciplinary convergence of computer vision and object detection is
pivotal for advancing intelligent image analysis. This research surpasses conventional
object recognition methodologies by delving into a more nuanced understanding of
images, akin to human visual comprehension. It explores deep learning and established
object detection systems such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), Region-based
CNN (R-CNN), and you only look once (YOLO). The proposed model excels in realtime object recognition, outperforming its predecessors, as previous systems typically
detect only a limited number of objects in an image and are most effective at a distance
of 5-6 meters. Uniquely, it employs Google Translate for the verbal identification of
detected objects, offering a crucial accessibility feature for individuals with visual
impairments. This study integrates computer vision, deep learning, and real-time object
recognition to enhance visual perception, providing valuable assistance to those facing
visual challenges. The proposed method utilizes the Common Objects in Context
(COCO) dataset for image comprehension, employing object detection and object
tracking with a deep neural network (DNN). The system's output is converted into
spoken words through a text-to-speech feature, empowering visually impaired
individuals to comprehend their surroundings effectively. The implementation involves
key technologies such as NumPy, OpenCV, pyttsx3, PyWin32, OpenCV-contribpython, and winsound, contributing to a comprehensive system for computer vision and
audio processing. Results demonstrate successful execution, with the camera
consistently detecting and labeling 5-6 objects in real time.
Automated Production Management in Horticulture: An Industry 4.0 Perspective
Authors: Archna  , Gursharan Singh  , Nidhi Bhagat  , Sakshi Thakur
Published: January 2025

The whole industry has changed as it progresses from 1.0 to 4.0 in
accordance with regulations. Horticulture has seen tremendous advances in automated
technology production management, which has revolutionized crop cultivation and
management techniques. These technological developments have improved product
quality, increased crop productivity, decreased labor costs, and reduced negative
environmental consequences. The purpose of this book chapter is to investigate the
current state of automated production management in horticulture, including its
applications, techniques, and potential future directions. This chapter presents an
overview of how technology is being used in automated production management, such
as robotic harvesting, sensor-based monitoring, and precision irrigation. In addition, the
chapter investigates the possible benefits and future possibilities of automated
production management in horticulture. It focuses on developing trends, such as the
incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, which can
improve decision-making processes and resource allocation. Data analytics, remote
sensing, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are also covered for real-time
monitoring and system optimization. Some aspects of automated horticulture are also
investigated, such as crop diversity, development phases, and environmental variables.

Finally, this book chapter presents a complete review of automated production
management in horticulture, emphasizing the industry's disruptive significance. It also
tackles farmers' and researchers' existing issues with automated horticulture production
systems. Horticulture stakeholders may improve productivity, sustainability, and
profitability by embracing automated production management in an increasingly
competitive and resource-constrained environment.