bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining normative values using the Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery and developmental traits of executive functions among elementary school-aged children in Japan
Authors: Aoki Sho , Nagatani Fumiyo , Kagitani-Shimono Kuriko , Ohno Yuko , Taniike Masako , Mohri Ikuko
Published: August 2023

The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is a computerized and child-friendly neuropsychological assessment battery that includes subtests aimed at evaluating some aspects of executive functions. Using the CANTAB, this study aims to establish normative values based on the aspects of executive functions among school-aged children in Japan. The participants included 234 children (135 boys and 99 girls aged 6–12 years) enrolled in regular classes, without any clinical records of developmental disorders or educational support. The participants were grouped according to age (6–7, 8–9, and 10–12 years). Four CANTAB subtests, including spatial working memory (SWM) to assess spatial working memory, Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) to evaluate planning, intra/extradimensional set shift (IED) to evaluate attentional set shifting and flexibility, and stop signal task (SST) to evaluate inhibition, were administered to each participant. The results showed that performance in all the CANTAB subtests administered changed with age. Among the subtests, compared with performances in the SOC and IED, those in the SWM and SST improved earlier, thereby indicating that spatial working memory and inhibition develop earlier than planning as well as attentional set shifting and flexibility. Additionally, in the SST subtest, girls made fewer errors than boys did in the 6–7 years group. This study presents normative data of four CANTAB subtests according to age and sex among school-aged children in Japan. We expect that the findings will be used to develop effective tools for the early detection of and support for children with executive dysfunction.
Long-term outcomes of an internet-delivered cognitive enhancement intervention targeting residual cognitive deficits after major depressive disorder: a 2-year follow-up of an open trial
Authors: Myklebost Sunniva Brurok , Nordgreen Tine , Klakegg Oda Stakkestad , Hammar Åsa
Published: August 2023

Background

Cognitive deficits are common and disabling residual symptoms following major depressive disorder (MDD) and are related to increased risk of relapse. Residual cognitive deficits should thus be considered an important target for treatment. However, few have reported long-term outcomes of interventions targeting residual cognitive deficits.

Objective

This study aimed to (1) investigate change between pre-treatment and 2-year follow-up assessments in cognitive deficits, rumination, and symptoms of MDD after an internet-delivered intervention targeting residual cognitive deficits; (2) to investigate stability in outcomes between 6-month and 2-year follow-up assessments; (3) to report the number of participants’ experiencing a new episode of MDD in the follow-up period; and (4) to investigate differences in outcomes between those who experienced a new episode of MDD and those who did not.

Methods

A total of 43 partly remitted adults were included to test a guided internet-delivered intervention, which consisted of 10 modules involving psychoeducation, cognitive strategies, and attention training. Participants were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, after 6-months, and after 2-years, with measures assessing self-reported residual cognitive deficits, rumination, symptoms of MDD and relapse. Overall, 32 participants completed the 2-year follow-up assessment.

Results

Between the pre-treatment and 2-year follow-up assessments, there was a reduction in cognitive deficits and rumination, while there was an increase in symptoms of MDD. Cognitive deficits were stable between the 6-month and the 2-year follow-up, while there was an increase in rumination and symptoms of MDD. Thirteen of 32 participants reported a new episode of MDD during the follow-up period. The relapse group reported longer duration of MDD at pre-treatment and showed a difference in all outcomes after 2 years compared to the no-relapse group. The no-relapse group showed improvement in MDD symptoms at post-treatment, while the relapse group did not.

Conclusion

Delivering cognitive enhancement interventions over the internet is potentially related to stable improvements in residual cognitive deficits. The effects on rumination and symptoms of MDD are less certain. Lack of improvement in MDD symptoms after the intervention period should be investigated as an indicator of relapse. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the lack of control group and sample size.
Direct medical cost of COVID-19 in children hospitalized at a tertiary referral healthcare center in Mexico City
Authors: Reyes-López Alfonso , Jimenez-Juárez Rodolfo Norberto , Salinas-Escudero Guillermo , Avilés-Robles Martha Josefina , Martínez-Valverde Silvia , Granados-García Víctor , Garduño-Espinosa Juan
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Despite the end of the COVID-19 pandemic being declared by the WHO, the economic consequences are far from over. One of these implications was the cost of inpatient care for health institutions. To date, some studies have examined the economic burden of COVID-19 in the adult population but only a few have focused on child populations.

Objective

To estimate the direct medical costs of COVID-19, focusing on children in Mexico.

Method

Data about resources consumed during hospital stays were extracted from the medical records of patients hospitalized at a Mexican tertiary healthcare institution. Other sources of information were the unit prices of inputs and the salaries of health personnel. A micro-costing methodology was used to obtain cost results by age group over different hospital areas. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and regression models to evaluate the predictors of total cost.

Results

One hundred and ten medical records were reviewed of which 57.3% corresponded to male patients and the mean age was 7.2 years old. The estimated average cost per patient was US$5,943 (95% CI: US$4,249–7,637). When the costs of the three clinical areas were summed, only the 5–10 years old group showed a maximum cost of US$14,000. The regression analysis revealed the following factors as significant: sex, age, staying at an emergency room, having a positive bacterial culture, and having comorbidities.

Discussion

The cost results were somewhat similar to those reported in children from the USA, but only regarding low severity COVID-19 cases. However, comparability between these types of studies should be done with caution due to the huge differences between the healthcare systems of countries. The study cost results may help public decision-makers in budget planning and as inputs for future cost-effectiveness studies about interventions regarding COVID-19.
Early-life adversity and later-life mental health: a conditional process analysis of sense of coherence and resilience-related resources
Authors: Rohner Shauna L. , Bernays Florence , Maercker Andreas , Thoma Myriam V.
Published: August 2023

Objective

While early-life adversity can have negative effects on health and wellbeing that persist across the lifespan, some individuals show indications of resilience. Resilience can be understood as a dynamic coping process involving the mobilization of resources in response to adversity exposure. Sense of coherence—revised (SOC-R), an ability linked to health maintenance in the face of adversity, may be influential in this process. However, research is lacking on the mechanisms underpinning SOC-R and resilience-related resources and their impact on the (mental) health of individuals exposed to early-life adversity. Therefore, this study examined the role of SOC-R and selected resilience-related resources in the relationship between early-life adversity and later-life health and wellbeing.

Method

Participants were N = 531 Irish (older) adults (58.2% female, mean age = 59.5 years, range = 50–86 years). Standardized questionnaires assessed retrospective reports of early-life adversity, as well as current physical and mental health, satisfaction with life, SOC-R, and resilience-related resources (self-efficacy, optimism, social support). A multiple mediation analysis tested the indirect effects of the resources and a moderated mediation tested for conditional dependence on SOC-R.

Results

For mental health and satisfaction with life, significant partial mediations were found for all three resources. Only optimism showed a significant partial mediation for physical health. In the moderated mediation, SOC-R significantly moderated the associations between early-life adversity and self-efficacy (b = .06, t = 3.65, p = .001), optimism (b = .04, t = 2.60, p = .009), and social support (b = .08, t = 3.75, p < .001). The indirect effects were larger at high rather than low SOC-R, indicating that the mediating effects of the resources were greater for individuals with a stronger SOC-R.

Conclusion

A strong SOC-R may have a beneficial influence on health and wellbeing by mitigating the detrimental effect of early-life adversity on the resources self-efficacy, optimism, and social support. Future avenues for research include the expanded assessment of resources and the potential role of SOC-R in successful ageing through the selection and adaptation of goals and resources into older age. SOC-R may represent a promising target for psychotherapeutic interventions promoting resilience in survivors of early-life adversity.
Characterization of the genetic composition and establishment of a core collection for the INERA Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) field genebank from the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Verleysen Lauren , Bollen Robrecht , Kambale Jean-Léon , Ebele Tshimi , Katshela Benjamin Ntumba , Depecker Jonas , Poncet Valérie , Assumani Dieu-Merci , Vandelook Filip , Stoffelen Piet , Honnay Olivier , Ruttink Tom
Published: August 2023

Cultivation of Robusta coffee is likely to gain importance because of its high disease resistance and climate envelope. Robusta coffee genetic resources conserved in field genebanks can play an important role to further improve its cupping quality and other agronomic traits, but such Coffea canephora collections are limited and still poorly characterized. In this study, we characterized the genetic composition of the historically important but until recently neglected INERA Coffee Collection in Yangambi (the Democratic Republic of Congo). We used GBS to discover genome-wide genetic diversity, created and validated a novel multiplex amplicon sequencing (HiPlex) screening assay to genetically screen 730 coffee shrubs of the Yangambi Coffee Collection, grouped clonal material and delineated 263 accessions with unique genetic fingerprints. Comparison to reference material of three genetic origins revealed that the majority of the Yangambi accessions were assigned a ‘Lula’ cultivar origin, four accessions were assigned to Congolese subgroup A and nine accessions were most closely related to local wild accessions. About one-quarter of the accessions was likely derived from hybridization between these groups, which could result from seed-based propagation of the collection, breeding efforts, or natural cross-pollination. Parental analyses discovered eight preferentially used accessions, which may correspond to historically selected founders, or direct descendants thereof, whose seed material was once widely used to establish coffee plantations. Finally, two core collections were proposed using the maximization strategy (CC-I; 100 accessions) and genetic distance method (CC-X; 10 accessions). Our study demonstrates a method for the genetic characterization of Robusta coffee collections in general and contributes to the re-evaluation and exploration of the Robusta coffee genetic resources in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in particular.
Outcomes of Patients with Amputation following Electrical Burn Injuries
Authors: Kim Eunyeop , Wan Bingchun , Solis-Beach Kyra Jeanine , Kowalske Karen
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to examine patients who sustained amputation as a result of electrical burns and to evaluate their long-term health outcomes compared to non-electrical burn patients with amputation. A retrospective analysis was conducted on burn patients from 1993 to 2021, utilizing the Burn Model System National Database, which includes the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29. The data was collected at discharge, 6 months, and 12 months after the burns occurred. The findings revealed that the rate of amputation was significantly higher in electrical burn patients (30.3%) compared to non-electrical burn patients (6.6%) (p < 0.0001). At the time of discharge, electrical burn patients with amputation exhibited significantly lower physical component scores (PCS = 34.00 ± 8.98) than electrical burn patients without amputation (PCS = 44.66 ± 9.90) (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in mental component scores observed between patients, regardless of the burn type or amputation. Among all patient groups, non-electrical burn survivors with amputation faced the greatest challenges in terms of physical and social well-being, likely due to larger total body surface area burns. This study emphasizes the importance of early rehabilitation for electrical burn patients with amputation and highlights the need for ongoing support, both physically and socially, for non-electrical burn survivors with amputation. These findings, consistent with previous studies, underscore the necessity of providing psychological support to all burn survivors.
Multicomponent Oleogels Prepared with High- and Low-Molecular-Weight Oleogelators: Ethylcellulose and Waxes
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Chandrapala Jayani , Truong Tuyen , Farahnaky Asgar
Published: August 2023

The combined interactions between ethylcellulose (EC) and natural waxes to structure edible oil are underexplored. To reduce the high EC concentration required to form a functional oleogel, novel oleogels were prepared using a 50% critical concentration of EC (i.e., 4%) with 1–4% beeswax (BW) and carnauba wax (CRW). One percent wax was sufficient for EC to form self-sustaining oleogel. Rheological analysis demonstrated that 4%EC + 4%BW/CRW had comparable oleogel properties to 8%EC. The yield stress and flow point of wax oleogels were enhanced upon EC addition. EC did not influence the thermal behaviour of the wax component of the oleogel, but the crystallinity and plasticity of the combined oleogel increased. The crystal shape of BW oleogel changed upon EC addition from a needle-like to spherulitic shape. Confocal laser scanning microscopy highlighted the uniform distribution of EC polymeric network and wax crystals. EC/wax mixtures have promising oil-structuring abilities that have the potential to use as solid fat substitutes.
Community Education Programs Serving Couples in Stepfamilies: A Qualitative Study of Format, Content, and Service Delivery
Authors: Baeder Francesca , Robertson Anne , Schramm David
Published: August 2023

This article examines current efforts to provide community education programs for couples in stepfamilies. The study used qualitative interviews to explore the range of approaches, formats, settings, costs, and content used by Extension/non-Extension educators in programs for stepfamily couples. Results indicate that despite the prevalence of stepfamily couples in our communities and their unique needs in relationship programs, a dearth of current offerings exist. Those that do are as likely led by a volunteer as a trained professional; however, key concepts taught are similar across programs. Implications for educators are offered.
Ready-to-Go Exhibits Expand Consumer Food Safety Knowledge and Action
Authors: McCurdy Sandra , Johnson Shelly , Hampton Carol , Peutz Joey , Sant Laura , Wittman Grace
Published: August 2023

Ready-to-go, interactive food safety exhibits were developed to allow Extension Educators the opportunity to communicate the magnitude of food safety risk and to prevent foodborne illness. Four food safety topics were chosen: 1) At‐Risk Groups, 2) Preserving Food, 3) Food Thermometers, 4) Kitchen Safety for Kids. Data collected showed an increase in food safety knowledge and planned behavior change.
The Influence of Different Tomato Varieties on Acidity as It Relates to Home Canning
Authors: Heflebower Richard , Washburn Carolyn
Published: August 2023

Tomatoes are a popular vegetable for home canning. USDA Guidelines recommend lemon juice or citric acid be added to home-canned tomatoes to increase acidity. In 2007 and 2008, we grew and tested the pH of 15 tomato varieties. Three of the heirloom varieties had statistically lower acidity than the hybrid used as a standard for comparison. Canning tomatoes generally involves using different tomato varieties at various stages of ripening. Although some control of acidity can be exercised by variety selection, Extension agents should encourage those involved in home canning to follow USDA guidelines regardless of the tomato varieties used.
STUDI KONTEKSTUALISASI HADIS PERSATUAN UMAT BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Athaillah Muhammad Atho
Published: August 2023

Negara Indonesia adalah termasuk negara yang besar yang mana di dalamnya terdapat berbagai macam etnis dan agama (Islam, kristen, hindu, dll), dan berbagai keyakinan yang berada di dalam masyarakat, oleh sebab itu sikap toleransi dalam beragama merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk terciptanya persatuan, dan hadits persatuan ini menjelaskan bahwa persatuan itu adalah rahmat, sedangkan perpecahan adalah azab yang sebaiknya tidak ada dalam suatu negara, dan di Indonesia sendiri konflik antar agama itu ada sebagaimana yang terjadi di kabupaten Aceh Singkil, akan tetapi juga ada daerah yang menerapkan sikap toleransi dengan baik seperti di desa balun. Penulis di sini menyajikan beberapa hadis yang berhubungan dengan persatuan dan juga dijelaskan bahwa persatuan adakalanya di dalam internal ummat beragama, adakalanya antar ummat beragama, dan adakalanya antara ummat beragama dengan pemerintah, peneliti disini akan memaparkan bagaimana persatuan itu terwujud. Di sini pemateri menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis, persatuan harus tetap terjaga, di lestarikan jangan sampai mau di adu domba dengan negara lain.
On the super-junction formed by using field plate for lateral AlGaN/GaN-based Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Wang Zhizhong , Huang Fuping , Chu Chunshuang , Zhang Yonghui , Sun Qian , Zhang Zi-Hui
Published: August 2023

In this work, by using numerical TCAD simulations, we have systematically studied the impact of different field plates (FPs) on the electrical characteristics for lateral AlGaN/GaN-based Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with recessed anode. The FP enables the formation of a super-junction. When compared with the reference device without a FP, the proposed SBDs can generate charge-coupling effect between the FP and the recessed anode region, which can effectively reduce the electric field magnitude at the metal/sidewall interface. We also find that the electric field profiles can be affected by the FP length, insulation layer thickness and different insulation materials with various dielectric constants. By doing so, we can enhance the breakdown voltage by homogenizing the electric field distribution in the GaN drift layer. Then, the electric field at the recessed anode region can be decreased and the GaN drift layer can be extensively depleted.
STUDY OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PATTERN OF ENDOMETRIUM AMONG PATIENTS WITH ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NEPAL
Authors: Prasad Sapkota Ram , Pokhrel Sunilmani , Bhandari Anita
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding which refers to uterine bleeding of abnormal quantity, is a common concern in gynaecological
outpatient department. Histopathological pattern of endometriumcan be studied both from endometrial sampling and hysterectomy specimen. The
aim of this study is to nd out histopathological patterns of endometrium in those cases. Methods: Prospective hospital based cross sectional study
was conducted from 18-oct-2021 to 16-Nov-2022. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC), (Reference
number: 078/79-04A).Endometrial tissue obtained from endometrial biopsy and hysterectomy sample from cases with abnormal uterine bleeding
were sent for histopathological examination.Demographic parameter age, clinical diagnosis and histopathological ndings were entered and
analyzed by using Microsoft excel 2016. Results: Among 241 cases included in our study majority (46.88%) were in perimenopausal age group
(41-50 years) followed by 42.72% in reproductive age group (<40 years) and 10.36% in post menopausal group (> 50 years ). Menorrhagia was the
most common presentation seen in (43.15%) of the cases and the post coital bleeding was the least seen in (1.24%) of the cases. Normal
endometrial pattern, proliferative and secretory was seen in 56.42% followed by hyperplasia (21.57%), disordered proliferative endometrium
(8.29%), atrophic endometrium (5.39%), endometrial polyp (3.31%), chronic endometritis (2.90%), pill endometrium (1.65%) and endometrial
carcinoma (0.41%). Conclusions: Normal cyclic pattern of endometrium is the commonest pattern among endometrial samples obtained from
patients with AUB. However hyperplasia and malignancy are important pathological ndings in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with AUB.
HEMISECTION -A WINDOW OF HOPE FOR FREEZING TOOTH: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Dubey Juhi , Rungta Vishakha , Dutta Anushriya
Published: August 2023

Hemisection is a multidisciplinary treatment approach comprising endodontic, restorative, surgery, and prosthodontics, that represents an alternative treatment option for teeth and bone structure preservation.
Microgeometry of the surface
layer of the workpiece made of electron beam synthesized titanium alloy
Authors: Izmailov V.V. , Novoselova M.V. , Afanasieva L.E.
Published: August 2023

The results of a study of the microrelief of the surfaces of samples of titanium alloy synthesized by an electron beam
are presented. Profi lograms of the investigated surfaces indicate the presence of two types of surface deviations from the
geometric shape: waviness and roughness. The height and space parameters of roughness and waviness in two directions
are determined: parallel to the movement of the electron beam and perpendicular to it. It is shown that the roughness
parameters of the investigated surfaces are comparable with the analogous parameters of the surfaces of parts after
stamping, casting, rolling, and electric spark machining.
Manufacturability of the design of the automotive stand K-303
Authors: Dubovik Е.А.
Published: August 2023

It is proposed to upgrade some parts of the car stand K-303, which does not entail a signifi cant change in the design
of the stand to control and adjust the headlights of cars.
Substantiation of the pushing force of an
annular rubber seal through a tapered bushing with protrusions in devices for
their installation into the inner grooves of cylindrical parts
Authors: Zhitnikov Yu.Z. , Zhitnikov B.Yu.
Published: August 2023

The force of punching the seal through a tapered bushing with protrusions has been substantiated.
Device for automated installation of rubber
O-rings into the outer grooves of cylindrical parts
Authors: Zhitnikov Yu.Z. , Zhitnikov B.Yu.
Published: August 2023

The tensile force of an annular rubber seal is substantiated during automated installation into the cut grooves of cylindrical
parts without interaction with their surfaces.
Assembly of single-deck small vessels from volumetric asymmetric
parts
Authors: Rozinov A.Ya.
Published: August 2023

A comparative analysis of the structural and technological features of the assembly of multi-deck and single-desk
vessels of presented, indicating the distribution of the volume of saturation of the latter with pipe elements, systems and
mechanisms. On the basis of the principles of zonal aggregation, a solution to the zonal module of the engine room of
small vessels is proposed. In order to eliminate the diffi culties of assembling the hulls if single-deck small vessels and
mounting saturation in them a new scheme for dividing these hulls into two volumetric asymmetric parts with the allocation
of the engine room module, extremities, deckhouse and burl is considered. The calculated data on the reduction of
labor intensity and duration of the assembly of hulls of single-desk small vessels in the implementation of their division
according to the new scheme are given.
Fractal structure and vortex fl ows in dissipative systems
Authors: Nozhenkov M.V.
Published: August 2023

Fractal structure and vortex fl ows in dissipative systems. A nonlinear phase transition was found in the temperature
range from an amorphous to a crystalline structure during the deposition of ion-plasma coatings. An atomic-cluster model
of coating growth in vacuum is proposed. The phenomenon of vortex transfer of particles without energy dissipation along
equipotential surfaces, which has a quantum-mechanical nature, is investigated. The similarity of phenomena such as
ultra-low friction, superconductivity, superfl uidity, crystal growth in vacuum was found, and similarity criteria were
determined.
THE FEELING OF LONELINESS IN SOMATIC DISEASES AND MENTAL DISORDERS AS A NEW CHALLENGE OF MODERN MEDICINE
Authors: Sipowicz Kasper , Pietras Tadeusz
Published: August 2023

The aim of the paper to reflect on the meaning of the sense of loneliness caused by illness. The work is a selective narrative review with particular emphasis on attempts to define the feeling of loneliness, as well as the results of own research. The problem of loneliness affects not only patients, but also their families and caregivers. As it follows from the literature review, the issue of loneliness has been much better studied in mental disorders than in somatic diseases. In addition, the analysed research shows that the presence of the disease is the main variable determining the feeling of loneliness in the population of people in late adulthood. The feeling of loneliness turns out to be a key element of the psychosocial aspect of any disease. Therefore, it would be necessary to consider in the future how this adverse psychosocial phenomenon could be prevented.
MAINTAINING COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY IN ELITE SPORTS WITH ACUTE PLANTAR FASCIITIS
Authors: Vynohradov Valerii E. , Pastukhova Viktoriia A. , Lukyantseva Halyna V. , Buka Gennadii Yu. , Fedoniuk Larysa Ya. , Chervatiuk Antonina M.
Published: August 2023

Competition in the modern pentathlon in the new 2024 Olympic program are tense and high intensity. Before reaching the final the athlete must go through 8 types of events in 4 days performs before 5 events in final competitions. It’s quit difficult to restore the function of damaged link of the musculoskeletal system during competition in a short time. The time of breaks for rest and recovery in the competitive activity of an all-around athlete in the modern pentathlon is limited. The presented rehabilitation program after an acute injury was implemented at modern pentathlon competitions. A distinctive feature of the effects is the practice of rehabilitation and recovery after physical exertion. The peculiarity was in short periods of rest during intense multi-day competitive activity. There was a clear organization in the procedures, a strict sequence of methods and techniques. The presented material rather as an exception confirms the possibilities of the applied systemic rehabilitation techniques. This made it possible to continue competitive activity in modern pentathlon after an acute injury without compromising the athlete's health.
Basic Concepts of Sharia Finance And Practices In Sharia Banking In Indonesia
Authors: Aravik Havis , Hamzani Achmad Irwan , Khasanah Nur
Published: August 2023

Financing is one of the duties of banking as a financial intermediary institution. Funding is needed to support the smooth running of the business and for planned investments. This study discusses the basic concepts of Islamic financing and the practices of Islamic banking in Indonesia. This research is library research where all the data used comes from library data relevant to the topic under study which comes from books, journals, papers, and other document sources and is verified, interpreted, and analyzed both content and others. The result is that financing is funding provided to certain parties to facilitate investment and has been designed in such a way both for its own sake and the institution. In the practice of Islamic banking in Indonesia, two financing models are very widely used because they are minimal in risk and easy to implement, namely murabaha and mudharabah financing.
Pre anesthetic assessment: study on the influence of preoperative approach on patient satisfaction during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors:   Erika A. M. Moreira, Suellen L. Pagano, Michelle M. Ribeiro and João M. Santos
Published: August 2023

Anesthesiology provides absence of or relief from pain and other sensations to patients who need to undergo medical procedures. Those who specialize in this area have been expanding their fields of action not only intraoperatively, but also pre- and postoperatively. Recently, going to pre-anesthetic office was implemented as mandatory for anyone who undergo surgery. However, the COVID-19 pandemic made attending to such meetings difficult, so many of them were done online. This research evaluated the degree of satisfaction with anesthesia office of a sample of the population who underwent surgical procedures during the aforementioned pandemic, verifying the importance of the anesthesiologist and the trust of the community after their contact with this professional, focusing on their opinion regarding the elucidation of doubts and reduction of anxiety symptoms. Pre-anesthetic evaluation has been shown to reduce anxiety and clear doubts about anesthetics procedures. Moreover, this prior contact was considered relevant by the patients.
A Critical Analysis of Techniques to Eradicate Signal Distortions in Optical Fibers
Authors: Kumar Ankesh , Bahadur Preeti Singh , Mahajan Pooja
Published: August 2023

The latest methodology addresses the challenge of optical nonlinearity prevalent in fiber optics. It occurs when a high-intensity light pulse modifies the index of refraction of the fiber, thereby generating interactions between pulses transported at varying wavelengths. These interactions cause distortions that introduce errors, which are arduous to rectify, owing to the intricate mathematical complexities involved. Even though the nonlinearity in optical fibers is meager, it can significantly impact transmitted pulses when propagated across distances of several hundred kilometers or at speeds exceeding 10 gigabits per second.
The Kiloparsec-scale Influence of the AGN in NGC 1068 with SALT RSS Fabry–Pérot Spectroscopy*
Authors: Hviding Raphael E. , Hickox Ryan C. , Väisänen Petri , Ramphul Rajin , Hainline Kevin N.
Published: August 2023

We present Fabry–Pérot (FP) imaging and longslit spectroscopy of the nearby Seyfert II galaxy NGC 1068 using the Robert Stobie Spectrograph (RSS) on the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) to observe the impact of the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) on the ionized gas in the galaxy on kiloparsec scales. With SALT RSS FP we are able to observe the Hα + [N ii] emission line complex over a ∼2.6 arcmin2 field of view. Combined with the longslit observation, we demonstrate the efficacy of FP spectroscopy for studying nearby Type II Seyfert galaxies and investigate the kiloparsec-scale ionized gas in NGC 1068. We confirm the results of previous work from the TYPHOON/Progressive Integral Step Method survey that the kiloparsec-scale ionized features in NGC 1068 are driven by AGN photoionization. We analyze the spatial variation of the AGN intensity to put forward an explanation for the shape and structure of the kiloparsec-scale ionization features. Using a toy model, we suggest the ionization features may be understood as a light echo from a burst of enhanced AGN activity ∼2000 yr ago.
A Spectral-timing Study of the Inner Flow Geometry in MAXI J1535-571 with Insight-HXMT and NICER
Authors: Yu Wei , Bu Qing-Cui , Liu He-Xin , Huang Yue , Zhang Liang , Yang Zi-Xu , Qu Jin-Lu , Zhang Shu , Song Li-Ming , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Jia Shu-Mei , Ma Xiang , Tao Lian , Ge Ming-Yu , Liu Qing-Zhong , Yan Jing-Zhi , Cao Xue-Lei , Chang Zhi , Chen Li , Chen Yong , Chen Yu-Peng , Ding Guo-Qiang , Guan Ju , Jin Jing , Kong Ling-Da , Li Bing , Li Cheng-Kui , Li Ti-Pei , Li Xiao-Bo , Liao Jin-Yuan , Liu Bai-Sheng , Liu Cong-Zhan , Lu Fang-Jun , Ma Rui-Can , Nie Jian-Yin , Ren Xiao-Qin , Sai Na , Tan Ying , Tuo You-Li , Wang Ling-Jun , Wang Peng-Ju , Wu Bai-Yang , Xiao Guang-Cheng , Yin Qian-Qing , You Yuan , Zhang Juan , Zhang Peng , Zhang Wei , Zhao Hai-Sheng , Zheng Shi-Jie , Zhou Deng-Ke
Published: August 2023

We have performed a spectral-timing analysis of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571 during its 2017 outburst, with the aim of exploring the evolution of the inner accretion flow geometry. X-ray reverberation lags are observed in the hard-intermediate state (HIMS) and soft-intermediate state of the outburst. During the HIMS, the characteristic frequency of the reverberation lags ν
0 (the frequency at which the soft lag turns to zero in lag–frequency spectra) increases when the spectrum softens. This reflects a reduction of the spatial distance between the corona and accretion disk, when assuming the measured time lags are associated with the light travel time. We also find a strong correlation between ν
0 and the type-C quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) centroid frequency ν
QPO, which can be well explained by the Lense–Thirring precession model under a truncated disk geometry. Despite the degeneracy in the spectral modeling, our results suggest that the accretion disk is largely truncated in the low hard state, and moves inward as the spectrum softens. Combine the spectral modeling results with the ν
0 – ν
QPO evolution, we are inclined to believe that this source probably has a truncated disk geometry in the hard state.
Hierarchical Inference of the Lensing Convergence from Photometric Catalogs with Bayesian Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Park Ji Won , Birrer Simon , Ueland Madison , Cranmer Miles , Agnello Adriano , Wagner-Carena Sebastian , Marshall Philip J. , Roodman Aaron ,   the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: August 2023

We present a Bayesian graph neural network (BGNN) that can estimate the weak lensing convergence (κ) from photometric measurements of galaxies along a given line of sight (LOS). The method is of particular interest in strong gravitational time-delay cosmography (TDC), where characterizing the “external convergence” (κ
ext) from the lens environment and LOS is necessary for precise Hubble constant (H
0) inference. Starting from a large-scale simulation with a κ resolution of ∼1′, we introduce fluctuations on galaxy–galaxy lensing scales of ∼1″ and extract random sight lines to train our BGNN. We then evaluate the model on test sets with varying degrees of overlap with the training distribution. For each test set of 1000 sight lines, the BGNN infers the individual κ posteriors, which we combine in a hierarchical Bayesian model to yield constraints on the hyperparameters governing the population. For a test field well sampled by the training set, the BGNN recovers the population mean of κ precisely and without bias (within the 2σ credible interval), resulting in a contribution to the H
0 error budget well under 1%. In the tails of the training set with sparse samples, the BGNN, which can ingest all available information about each sight line, extracts a stronger κ signal compared to a simplified version of the traditional method based on matching galaxy number counts, which is limited by sample variance. Our hierarchical inference pipeline using BGNNs promises to improve the κ
ext characterization for precision TDC. The code is available as a public Python package, Node to Joy
⏬.
Asteroseismic Modeling of 1153 Kepler Red Giant Branch Stars: Improved Stellar Parameters with Gravity-mode Period Spacings and Luminosity Constraints
Authors: Wang 王 Yingxiang 颖翔 , Li 李 Tanda 坦达 , Bi 毕 Shaolan 少兰 , Bedding Timothy R. , Li 李 Yaguang 亚光
Published: August 2023

This paper reports the estimated stellar parameters of 1153 Kepler red giant branch stars determined with asteroseismic modeling. We use radial-mode oscillation frequencies, gravity-mode period spacings, Gaia luminosities, and spectroscopic data to characterize these stars. Compared with previous studies, we find that the two additional observed constraints, i.e., the gravity-mode period spacing and luminosity, significantly improve the precision of fundamental stellar parameters. The typical uncertainties are 2.9% for the mass, 11% for the age, 1.0% for the radius, 0.0039 dex for the surface gravity, and 0.5% for the helium core mass, making this the best-characterized large sample of red giant stars available to date. With better characterizations for these red giants, we recalibrate the seismic scaling relations and study the surface term on the red giant branch. We confirm that the surface term depends on the surface gravity and effective temperature, but there is no significant correlation with metallicity.
Resonant problems for non-local elliptic operators with unbounded nonlinearites
Authors: Chen Yutong , Su Jiabao
Published: August 2023

In this paper we study the existence of nontrivial solutions of a class of asymptotically resonant problems driven by a non-local integro-differential operator with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions by applying Morse theory and critical groups for a $ C^{2} $ functional at both isolated critical points and infinity.
Panibharata and the Invention of Sinhala Folk Dance Repertoires in Post-Colonial Sri Lanka
Authors: Mantillake Sudesh
Published: August 2023

This article focuses on the history of the Sinhala folk dance genre and its connection to Sinhala cultural nationalism in Sri Lanka. This paper aims to examine the formation of Sinhala folk dance as a tradition in the context of the rise of Sinhala nationalism during the 1940s and 1950s. Although performing arts were commonly practiced by villagers, the genre named Sinhala Folk Dance (Sinhala gemi näțuma) did not emerge until the 1930s in Sri Lanka. Around 1956, in the midst of the rise of Sinhala cultural nationalism, it is believed that the stylistic choices that preceded the modern creative work of the new nation were drawn from “folk” sources. A classic example of this genre is E.R. Sarachchandra’s play Maname, which became the marker of modern Sinhala theatre, and which was based on the folk theatre tradition, the nadagama. Here, the assumption is that folk art already existed in the villages, and that the Sinhala literati merely borrowed from it to create new performing art forms that represented the nation. However, this assumption is an oversight in folk dance in Sri Lanka, as demonstrated in this article which presents an alternative interpretation of the history of performing arts in Sri Lanka, a history which has not been highlighted in the 1956 cultural revolution discourse. As I demonstrate in this article, Sinhala choreographer Panibharata invented certain dances which are considered Sinhala folk dance today. Sinhala nationalists groomed Panis, a village drummer and dancer, considered to be a low-caste, underprivileged individual into Panibharata, a cosmopolitan artist. Fulfilling these nationalists’ desires, Panibharata created repertoires of “folk dance” that portrayed village life in an exotic and romantic guise, which is aptly exemplified in his goyam näțuma (rice-harvesting dance). Panibharata’s model of folk choreography continues to be interpreted as the genuine and only Sri Lankan folk dance tradition, a narrative that was institutionalized and disseminated through the system of public education. In contrast to that canonical narrative of the Sinhala folk dance tradition, I argue that the staged model of Sinhala folk dance is a fairly recent invention. I analyze archival records, dance curricula, and secondary sources and interpret them according to my personal experiences as a dancer. To contextualize the purely Sinhala folk dance tradition, I compare the Russian folk dance and the Morris dance of England, that developed as separate national folk dance traditions.
Editorial
Authors: Co-Editors .
Published: August 2023

No abstract available
Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in patients with HIV/AIDS and its correlation with antiretroviral therapy and severity of disease
Authors: Gupta P. K. , Tyagi S. , Mathews S. E. , Saini R. , Sesama H. , Chugh A. , Singh K. , Chawla M. P. S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two major causes of morbidity in chronic HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study was done on HIV infected individuals by comparing ART naive patients with patients on different ART regimens and evaluating the effect of ART on Metabolic syndrome and NAFLD.Method: It was a cross-sectional observational study done on 120 HIV infected individuals in a tertiary care centre in New Delhi. All cases with hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney or liver disease, thyroid disorders or on any drugs except ART were excluded. The risk markers for metabolic syndrome were assessed and compared within groups on different ART regimens.Results: Metabolic syndrome and NAFLD were found to be significantly more in cases on ART as compared to ART naïve cases. Metabolic syndrome was found to be associated with type of ART protease inhibitors (ATV/r)> nonucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) > no ART] and low CD4 cell counts (p=0.01). In those patients who were on ART, these parameters were found to be more in those on second line ART [i.e., protease inhibitor (PI)(ATV/r) based regimens] as compared to those on first line ART, [i.e., nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) based regimen]. 15% of cases on 2nd line ART (group C) had MetS as compared to 12.5% in those on 1st line ART (group B) and nil in ART naïve cases (group A). One third (34%) of all 120 cases were found to have NAFLD. A significantly higher number of cases (45%) in group C had NAFLD as compared to 32.5% in group B and 25% in group A respectively. Insulin resistance and metabolic risk markers were also significantly higher in cases on ART as compared to ART naïve.Conclusions: In HIV patients, the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is linked to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, lipoatrophy and dystrophy, dyslipidaemia, and abnormalities of fat distribution. Although care of Opportunistic infections and recently CVD has received a lot of attention, it is equally important to address the metabolic abnormalities such as metabolic syndrome and NAFLD brought on by ART.
Pinpointing the additive: A peculiar skin manifestation among intravenous drug injectors
Authors: Munasinghe B. M. , Pranavan S. , Mayorathan U.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available
Decreased AKAP4/PKA signaling pathway in high DFI sperm affects sperm capacitation
Authors: Zhang Kun , Xu Xiu-Hua , Wu Jian , Wang Ning , Li Gang , Hao Gui-Min , Cao Jin-Feng
Published: August 2023

The sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) is a metric used to assess DNA fragmentation within sperm. During in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), high sperm DFI can lead to a low fertilization rate, poor embryo development, early miscarriage, etc. A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) is a scaffold protein that can bind protein kinase A (PKA) to subcellular sites of specific substrates and protects the biophosphorylation reaction. Sperm protein antigen 17 (SPA17) can also bind to AKAP. This study intends to explore the reason for the decreased fertilization rate observed in high sperm DFI (H-DFI) patients during IVF-ET. In addition, the study investigates the expression of AKAP, protein kinase A regulatory subunit (PKARII), and SPA17 between H-DFI and low sperm DFI (L-DFI) patients. SPA17 at the transcriptional level is abnormal, the translational level increases in H-DFI patients, and the expression of AKAP4/PKARII protein decreases. H2O2 has been used to simulate oxidative stress damage to spermatozoa during the formation of sperm DFI. It indicates that H2O2 increases the expression of sperm SPA17 protein and suppresses AKAP4/PKARII protein expression. These processes inhibit sperm capacitation and reduce acrosomal reactions. Embryo culture data and IVF outcomes have been documented. The H-DFI group has a lower fertilization rate. Therefore, the results indicate that the possible causes for the decreased fertilization rate in the H-DFI patients have included loss of sperm AKAP4/PKARII proteins, blocked sperm capacitation, and reduced occurrence of acrosome reaction.
A comparative study to assess the job stress levels among faculty members in medical institutions
Authors: Kumar B. Senthil , Shastri Deepti , Vendhan K. Ezhil
Published: August 2023

Background:

For many people, stress is so common that it has become a part of life. When it is within a limit, it can help to perform under pressure and motivate to do our best. But when it exceeds and constantly running in an emergency mode, mind and body both are affected. Stress accounts for 80% of all illnesses either directly or indirectly. Stress weakens the immune system and has various effects on the brain and body involving cardiovascular problems, mental illness, depression, etc.,

Aims:

To assess the stress levels among faculty working in medical institutions and to study the need and techniques of stress management.

Materials and Methods:

The proposed study was conducted as a survey using a structured validated questionnaire among the faculty working in VMKVMCH, Salem and other medical institutions. The survey was analyzed and stress level was assessed and correlated.

Results:

Efforts must be made to hire adequate, well trained and efficient faculty, discuss grievances with the faculty and take appropriate actions to alleviate stress & anxiety. A significant measure from the administrator’s point of view would be to recognize the importance of personal lives of the faculty which may, at times be prioritized over office work. Effective coping strategies need to be adopted by administrators including Stress Management Training, periodical retreats, engaging counselors / medical experts / psychologists to provide support and established stress free working environment.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that excessive workload due to under staffing and preposterous deadlines contribute majorly to work related stress. It is recommended that the management and administrators recruit and train more faculty and delegate some of the responsibilities to them; ensure equitable distribution of work; address grievances of faculty as soon as possible and provide de-stressing and rejuvenating measures like office parties and supportive counseling by professionals.