bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Boron‐Aluminium Particles on Rheological Properties of AP/HTPB Based Bi‐Curative Composite Solid Propellants
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Bilal Khan Niazi Muhammad , Jahan Zaib
Published: November 2024

Propellants with Boron‐Aluminium fuels are of interest as they exhibit high energy densities when compared to various other fuels. The effect of aluminium (Al) and aminopropyl triethoxy silane functionalized amorphous micron‐sized boron (APTES−B) on the rheological properties of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based bi‐curative composite solid propellant (CSP) has been investigated in the present work. Numerous CSP formulations were prepared in which Al contents were reduced from 21% to 10%, while APTES−B contents were increased from 0% to 11%. The major constituents include AP as oxidizer, HTPB as binder fuel, TDI and IPDI as curing agents, MAPO as bonding agent, PPD as antioxidant and TBFE as burning rate modifier. The CSP slurry exhibited non‐Newtonian, shear‐thinning flow behaviour. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analyzer were used to analyse the size, shape and surface morphology of Al, raw amorphous B and APTES−B particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided insights into the surface functionalization of B with APTES. The rheological properties were evaluated using a rotational rheometer. The effects of B−Al particle loading on the viscosity, shear stress and shear rate were investigated. The CSP formulation code P6, with an Al content of 16% and B content of 5%, emerged as the most optimal mix due to its optimal processability. The results are expected to provide useful inputs for optimizing the propellant composition and processing characteristics to obtain enhanced performance in terms of rheology of propellant.
Path Planning for Multiple Targets for Cannula Flexible Needle With Variable‐Curvature Trajectories
Authors: Zhang He , Zhao Yan‐Jiang , Zhang Yong‐De , Wang Lei , Jin Ye‐Xin , Pei Yan‐Yi , Gao Hui
Published: November 2024

Background

Saturated biopsy is widely used in a histopathological examination of prostate biopsy surgery by expanding the target regions and the increasing the number of insertions.

Methods

The paper proposed a path planning algorithm for multiple targets with a single entry for a cannula flexible needle with variable curvatures. The algorithm is based on modified rapidly‐exploring random trees (RRTs), and the variable‐curvature motions of the flexible needle are used to achieve optimal path.

Results

The simulation results show that the algorithm has a better form of the paths. The experimental results of five trials showed that the error was 1.42 ± 1.57 mm (mean ± RMSE), and the maximum error was 1.8 mm, which proves high accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed path planning algorithm for multiple targets with a single entry.

Conclusions

This research provides a new solution for prostate saturated biopsy surgery and has high value in future clinical application.
A Novel Synthesis of a Calix [4] Arene, MIL‐101(Fe), and Copper(II) Oxide Nanocomposite (Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO): Synthesis, Characterization, Degradation, and Pollutant Removal Ability
Authors: Khodayari Jalil , Zare Karim , Moradi Omid , Kalaee Mohammadreza , Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Dyes are organic compounds. Azo dyes, as the most important dyes, are usually synthesized and reduced after entering the human body, turning into mutagenic and carcinogenic amines. A new efficient composite containing calix [4] arene (Calix), metal‐organic framework (MIL‐101(Fe)), and copper(II) oxide (Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO) was synthesized and utilized for the degradation of Malachite Green (MG). The dye removal efficiency was 17% for Calix, 56% for CuO, 64% for MIL‐101(Fe), and 98.8% for the Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO composite using LED visible light. The degradation of MG by Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO using different doses, including 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg, was 8%, 64%, 75%, 85%, and 98.8%, respectively. The degradation kinetic rate constants for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg of Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO were 0.0134, 0.1086, 0.1182, 0.1308, and 0.1727 (zero‐order rate), 5E‐04, 0.007, 0.008, 0.011, and 0.023 (first‐order rate), and 4E‐05, 0.0007, 0.001, 0.0017, and 0.0211 (second‐order rate), respectively. The MG degradation kinetics obeyed the zero‐order model. The Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO exhibited high reusability for MG degradation. The results suggest that Calix/MIL‐101(Fe)/CuO could serve as an alternative photocatalyst for the degradation of contaminants in aqueous media.
Endocytic Uptake of Self‐Assembled Iridium(III) Nanoaggregates for Holistic Treatment of Metastatic 3D Triple‐Negative Breast Tumor Spheroids
Authors: Chaudhary Ayushi , Kumar Ashwini , Swain Nikhil , Chaudhary Kajal , Sonker Himanshu , Dewan Sayari , Patil Rutwik Anil , Singh Ritika Gautam
Published: November 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents a formidable challenge due to its aggressive behavior and limited array of treatment options available. This study focuses on employing nanoaggregate material of organometallic Ir(III) complexes for treating TNBC cell line MDA‐MB‐231. In this approach, Ir(III) complexes with enhanced cellular permeability are strategically designed and achieved through the incorporation of COOMe groups into their structure. The lead compound, IrL1, exhibits promiscuous nanoscale aggregation in RPMI cell culture media, characterized by a stable hydrodynamic effective diameter ranging from 190 to 202 nm over 48 h. With excellent photo‐responsive contrast‐enhanced cell imaging properties IrL1 exhibits an outstanding IC50, 48h value of 36.05± 0.03 nm when irradiated with 390 nm light in MDA‐MB‐231 (IC50, 48 h of Cisplatin is 5.29 µµ). In cell, investigation confirms that IrL1 nanoaggregates internalization via energy‐dependent endocytosis undergo ferroptosis and ROS mediated cell death in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Further, these in vivo studies using NOD‐SCID mice confirmed that IrL1 exhibits a tendency to ablate tumors inoculated in mice models at therapeutically relevant doses. Thus, this comprehensive approach holds promise for expanding the repertoire of organometallic Ir(III) nanoaggregates with adaptable characteristics, thereby advancing their clinical utility of nanomedicine in the holistic treatment of metastatic 3D triple‐negative breast tumor spheroids.
Polar 3D Perovskitiod Constructed by Asymmetric Diamine for Stable Self‐Driven X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Wang Ailin , Zhang Chengshu , Guan Qianwen , Ye Huang , Li Ruiqing , Li Hang , Geng Yaru , Qu Chang , Wang Zirui , Ji Chengmin , Luo Junhua
Published: November 2024

Polar 3D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) with the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) have important application value in self‐driven X‐ray detection, due to their excellent semiconductor properties. However, A‐site cations are limited by the tolerance factor, making it difficult to construct ABX3‐type polar 3D perovskites. Therefore, it is necessary to explore polar 3D perovskitiods with excellent semiconductor properties for self‐driven X‐ray detection. Herein, by introducing an asymmetric diamine 3‐methylaminopropylamine (3‐MAPA) cation, a polar 3D perovskitiod, (3‐MAPA)Pb2Br6 (1) is successfully constructed. Specifically, the dipole‐oriented arrangement and intrinsic polarity of 3‐MAPA cations endow a non‐centrosymmetric structure of 1 single crystal (SC). Notably, under X‐ray irradiation, the polar 1 SC exhibits a remarkable bulk photovoltaic of 0.8 V, which is beneficial for self‐driven X‐ray detection. Consequently, the 1‐based detector shows a sensitivity of 101 µC Gy−1 s−1 and a low detection limit of 189 nGy s−1 at 0 V bias. Meanwhile, 1 SC‐based X‐ray detector exhibits less ion migration due to the abundant N─H···Br hydrogen bonding interaction within the structure, leading to a smaller dark current drift, which supports stable X‐ray detection. This study attains stable self‐driven X‐ray detection based on polar 3D perovskitiods, which enriches the candidates for self‐driven X‐ray detectors.
Unraveling the Electron Transport Propellant Mechanism of Oxygen Vacancy for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Seawater
Authors: Tang Junheng , Liu Xiaobin , Wang Xuanyi , Wu Siqi , Zhu Jiawei , Wang Xinping , Wang Tianshi , Chi Jingqi , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei
Published: November 2024

Currently, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline seawater still faces problems such as low catalyst activity and Cl− poisoning of active sites. In this work, an electron transfer facilitator of oxygen vacancies is introduced as a driving force for electronic transmission, which enhances the electron‐metal‐support interactions (EMSI) effect while introducing a charge protective layer, realizing killing two birds with one stone. In situ characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the EMSI effect enhances the H* transfer step at the interface. At the same time, due to oxygen vacancies for the enhanced EMSI, Ru forms an electron‐rich layer, avoiding the poison of Cl− on active sites in seawater for HER. As a result, the Ru/Ni(OH)2‐x has an overpotential of only 156 mV at a current density of 1.0 A cm−2 in alkaline seawater. After assembling anion‐exchange‐membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWE), the Ru/Ni(OH)2‐x has a flat efficiency of ≈70% at different current densities, low energy consumption and price of per gallon gas equivalent (GGE) H2 produced. Owning to the well Cl− tolerance, the catalyst also maintains long‐term stability at 0.5 A cm−2, indicating its great potential for industrial feasibility.
Utilization of Three‐Dimensional Electron Diffraction for Structure Determination of Extra‐Large‐Pore Zeolites
Authors: Zhang Zhenghan , Lin Cong , Li Jian
Published: November 2024

The development of extra‐large‐pore (ELP) zeolites is crucial for industries of petrochemical catalysis, notably in processes like diesel cracking and hydrocracking of multi‐carbon hydrocarbon substrates. The catalytic performance and selectivity of these zeolites depend heavily on their specific porous structures, making precise structure determination highly essential for understanding their properties and functionalities. However, the complex structures of ELP zeolites pose significant challenges for characterization. Three‐dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) has emerged as a leading technique for studying zeolites as it does not require large crystals or pure samples. This review provides an overview of the development and application of 3DED for elucidating ELP zeolite structures. It begins with a summary of zeolites and their structural determination methods, followed by a detailed discussion of the principles and benefits of 3DED, the ELP zeolites discovered to date, and the specific applications and findings by 3DED. Additionally, the review anticipates that combining 3DED with other advanced techniques will enhance the understanding of ELP zeolites, including aspects like heteroatom doping, host‐guest interactions, framework flexibility, and detailed structural characterization. This integration is expected to lead to innovations in the development and application of ELP zeolites.
One‐Step Nanoimprinting of Fe2O3/AgBr Thin Films for Dark‐Light Active Antibiofilm and Bacterial‐Free Cell Culture Surfaces
Authors: Thakur Anindita , Singh Shivani , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Ray Dutta Jayati
Published: November 2024

The resuscitation of bacteria through biofilms presents a critical challenge in controlling microbial pathogenesis and addressing antimicrobial resistance. Continuous antibiofilm activity, particularly on frequently contacted surfaces, is therefore critical. In this study, a scalable is introduced, one‐step fabrication of Fe2O3/AgBr nanoimprints using a polymerizable sol–gel (PSG) approach to create functional nanostructured thin films with strong antimicrobial properties. Fe2O3, a visible‐light photocatalyst, is coupled with AgBr, a photosensitizer and dark‐active antimicrobial, forming a heterojunction that demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida under both dark and light conditions. The heterojunctions exhibit significant biofilm inhibition in the dark, particularly against the robust biofilm‐forming P. putida, while visible light irradiation ensures complete biofilm clearance. These surfaces also achieve optimal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, selectively targeting bacteria without compromising the integrity of mammalian cells. The biocompatibility is confirmed through MTT, TBARS, and apoptosis assays, demonstrating the non‐cytotoxic nature of the substrates. Moreover, the surfaces enable cell patterning and recovery of mammalian cells from microbial contamination, highlighting their potential in creating bacterial‐free environments for cell culture. This innovative method offers a promising route to next‐generation, self‐cleaning antimicrobial coatings, combining continuous biofilm inhibition with excellent biocompatibility and scalability.
Electrochemical Liquid Phase TEM in Aqueous Electrolytes for Energy Applications: the Role of Liquid Flow Configuration
Authors: Bejtka Katarzyna , Fontana Marco , Gho Cecilia Irene , Merkens Stefan , Chuvilin Andrey , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Chiodoni Angelica
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (EC‐LPTEM) is an invaluable tool for investigating the structural and morphological properties of functional materials in electrochemical systems for energy transition. Despite its potential, standardized experimental protocols and a consensus on data interpretation are lacking, due to a variety of commercial and customized electrical and microfluidic configurations. Given the small size of a typical electrochemical cell used in these experiments, frequent electrolyte renewal is crucial to minimize local chemical alterations from reactions and radiolysis. This study explores the effects of modifying the flow configuration within the liquid cell under experimental conditions relevant for energy applications in aqueous‐based electrolytes, revealing how changes in mass transport dynamics drastically influence the electrochemical response of the cell. Two different cell designs are compared: convection‐ and diffusion–governed. Ex situ and in situ comparative flow experiments show that the diffusion cell mitigates gas bubbles formation and improves removal of gaseous products. The electrodeposition of Zn nanostructures and the characterization of a Cu‐based catalyst are presented as proof‐of‐concept experiments for energy storage and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) applications, respectively. The reported findings demonstrate that controlling mass transport in the liquid cell setup is crucial to obtain reliable operando experimental electrochemical conditions.
Family of Hermite Polynomials Adapted to Mixture Experiments With Random Perturbations in the Directional Effects of the Components
Authors: Mafra Daniela A. , Zarzar Carlos A. , Calcagnoto Laryssa R. , Cirillo Marcelo A.
Published: November 2024

In the modelling of mixture designs, the use of the trace plot graph stands out, enabling the researcher to analyse the directional effects of the mixture in relation to a specific reference point. By fitting the Scheffé linear model, these directional effects are represented linearly, devoid of random oscillations, except for the experimental error imposed by the model. Consequently, the estimations of the directional effects remain unaffected by complex interactions that could indicate disturbances. Based on this rationale, the objective of this study is to propose a family of parameterizations capable of capturing the random oscillations disregarded by the Scheffé model. These parameterizations rely on orthogonal Hermite polynomials, employed in constructing an additional multiplicative term for the Scheffé model, referred to as the ‘perturbation term’. The application of this model for the graphical study of directional effects has proven to be a qualitative technique of straightforward implementation and efficacy in assessing the reliability of experimental data.
Synergistic Effects of Freeze‐Thaw Pretreatment and Ultrasound on the Structure and Digestibility of Starch–Lipid Complexes
Authors: Li Junhui , Li Jinjun , Deng Yuanhao , Fang Yizhou , Li Shan , Chen Shiguo
Published: November 2024

Starch inclusion complexes are gaining interest due to their enhanced functional properties and potential health benefits. Both freeze‐thawing and ultrasound are recognized as effective physical methods to induce the formation of V‐type starch inclusion complexes. However, the combined effects of these treatments on starch complex formation have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the synergistic impact of ultrasound and freeze‐thaw treatments on the production of corn starch–glycerin monostearin complexes (GMS), examining their structural and digestive properties. The findings, supported by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and complexing index analyses, indicate a synergistic effect from the combined treatment in creating V‐type starch–lipid inclusion complexes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the application of freeze‐thaw cycles and ultrasound leads to the release of amylose molecules, enhancing their interaction with lipid molecules. The starch–lipid complexes formed through this process exhibit a highly ordered structure and increased resistance to enzymatic digestion in an in vitro model. These results offer valuable insights into the development of starch‐based foods with slower digestibility, which could have implications for dietary management and the functional food industry.
Relationship between physical activity and biomarkers of pathology and neuroinflammation in preclinical autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Guzmán‐Vélez Edmarie , Rivera‐Hernández Angelys , Fabrega Sofia , Oliveira Gabriel , Martínez Jairo E. , Baena Ana , Picard Glen , Lopera Francisco , Arnold Steven E. , Taylor J Andrew , Quiroz Yakeel T.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Physical activity (PA) has been linked to reduced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. However, less is known about its effects in the AD preclinical stage. We aimed to investigate whether greater PA was associated with lower plasma biomarkers of AD pathology, neural injury, reactive astrocytes, and better cognition in individuals with autosomal‐dominant AD due to the presenilin‐1 E280A mutation who are virtually guaranteed to develop dementia.

Methods

Twenty‐eight cognitively unimpaired mutation carriers (ages x̄ = 29.28) wore a FitBit Charge‐4 for 14 days. We calculated their average steps to measure locomotion, and Training Impulse (TRIMP) to quantify the intensity and duration of PAs using heart rate. Plasma amyloid beta 42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau 181, neurofilament light chain, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured. Cognition was assessed with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease word list learning and delayed recall, Trail Making Test Part A, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐version IV Digit Span Backward. We conducted multiple linear regressions controlling for age, sex, body mass index, and education.

Results

There were no associations among steps or TRIMP with plasma biomarkers or cognition. Greater TRIMP was related to higher GFAP levels.

Conclusions

PA was not associated with cognition or plasma biomarkers. However, greater intensity and duration of PAs were related to higher GFAP. Participants engaged very little in moderate to vigorous PA. Therefore, light PA may not exert a significant protective effect in preclinical AD. Future work with larger samples and longitudinal data is needed to elucidate further the potential impact of PA on AD progression in the preclinical stages.

Highlights

Locomotion (average steps) was not associated with plasma biomarkers or cognition.

Greater training load (training impulse) was related to higher glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in mutation carriers.

Light physical activity may not suffice to exert a protective effect on Alzheimer's disease.
Poisoning by polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) in two albino cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
Authors: Rezende Pedro Almeida , de Lima Jordana Pinto , dos Santos Carneiro Lacerda Maira , Lopes Carlos Eduardo Bastos , Lopes Marcelo Coelho , Amaral Camila Issa , Ecco Roselene
Published: November 2024

Two 35‐day‐old, female albino cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), were received for postmortem examination after an acute onset of changes in the vocalisation followed by sudden death. Behavioural changes and mortality were not observed in any of the contacting adult birds. The owner reported a domestic accident associated with the overheating of a non‐stick cookware and the consequent release and accumulation of smoke in the environment, which coincided with the sudden mortality of the young birds. The most consistent gross and histopathological findings were diffuse pulmonary congestion, oedema and haemorrhage. The association of the history with the anatomopathological findings allowed a presumptive diagnosis of acute respiratory failure associated with polytetrafluoroethylene poisoning in two housed birds. This case reinforces the need to take care of the environmental conditions in which these birds are exposed.
Introduction: Imagining “Europe” in Times of War and Crises: Youth Perceptions of European Integration in its Periphery
Authors: Alpan Başak , Hoti Afrim
Published: November 2024

This chapter sets the conceptual and theoretical scene for the broader focus of this volume, which aims to explore the perceptions attached to the EU integration by the young population in its “periphery”. In line with the research questions of the LEAP (“Linking to Europe at the Periphery”) Jean Monnet Network, which aims to explore how the EU integration is taught, learned, experienced and contested at the periphery of the EU, the chapter aims to kick-off the discussion on the perceptions of the EU integration in the periphery mainly against the background of numerous crises characterising the European project lately. After endeavouring to conceptually spot the “periphery” of the EU integration, we delve into the perception studies, focusing on the perceptions of the EU integration by the young population in the “periphery”. The chapter also elaborates on the research methodology of the volume, as well as introducing the structure of the chapters of the book.
Role and Safety of Tirofiban in Peri-Interventional Antiplatelet Management for Aneurysm Treatment
Authors: Garayzade Rana , Berlis Ansgar , Arndt Tim Tobias , Wolfert Christina , Sommer Björn , Müller Gernot , Maurer Christoph J.
Published: November 2024

Background

Tirofiban is administered for the treatment of aneurysms in cases of thromboembolic complications, as well as in cases of acute stenting or flow-diverter implantation required within the scope of aneurysm treatment. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of tirofiban in this group of patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing aneurysm treatment and receiving peri-interventional tirofiban administration at our institution between 2009 and 2019.

Results

A total of 105 patients were included, with 61% women and 39% men (mean age = 53 years, IQR: 44–60 years). Sixty-seven patients underwent emergency aneurysm treatment, and thirty-eight were treated electively. Hemorrhagic events occurred in 22% (15/67) of the patients treated acutely, with 7.46% (5/67) exhibiting symptoms. Patients undergoing elective aneurysm treatment experienced no hemorrhagic events (p = 0.002). Among the 35 patients who required an external ventricular drain (EVD), 22.86% (8/35) developed EVD-related hemorrhages; however, none were symptomatic (p = 0.007). Of the five patients who required a craniotomy, two experienced significant bleeding, and one experienced non-significant craniotomy-related bleeding (p = 0.20).

Conclusion

Tirofiban may be safe for use during peri-interventional complications or emergency stenting in aneurysm treatment. However, caution is necessary when craniotomy is required. In elective aneurysm treatments, administering Tirofiban in response to periprocedural complications appears to be safe.
Bacterial Resilience and Community Shifts Under 11 Draining-Flooding Cycles in Rice Soils
Authors: de Freitas Anderson Santos , Carlos Filipe Selau , Martins Guilherme Lucio , Monteiro Gabriel Gustavo Tavares Nunes , Roesch Luiz Fernando Wurdig
Published: November 2024

Flooded rice cultivation, accounting for 75% of global rice production, significantly influences soil redox potential, element speciation, pH, and nutrient availability, presenting challenges such as extensive water usage and altered soil properties. This study investigates bacterial community dynamics in rice soils subjected to repeated draining and flooding in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We demonstrate that bacterial communities exhibit remarkable resilience (the capacity to recover after being altered by a disturbance) but cannot remain stable after long-term exposure to environmental changes. The beta diversity analysis revealed four distinct community states after 11 draining/flooding cycles, indicating resilience over successive environment changes. However, the consistent environmental disturbance reduced microbial resilience, causing the bacterial community structure to shift over time. Those differences were driven by substitutions of taxa and functions and not by the loss of diversity. Notable shifts included a decline in Acidobacteria and an increase in Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Increased Verrucomicrobia abundance corresponded with lower pH levels. Functional predictions suggested dynamic metabolic responses, with increased nitrification during drained cycles and a surge in fermenters after the sixth cycle. Despite cyclic disturbances, bacterial communities exhibit resilience, contributing to stable ecosystem functioning in flooded rice soils. These findings enhance our understanding of microbial adaptation, providing insights into sustainable rice cultivation and soil management practices.
An unexpected variation of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries: clinical implications
Authors: Roofeh Gabriella , Matthees Nicholas , Cevallos Manuel
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The eight typical External Carotid Artery (ECA) branches are the superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, maxillary artery, and superficial temporal artery. The Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) has no branches in the cervical region before entering the carotid canal. We identified a variant of the Occipital Artery (OA) and Ascending Pharyngeal Artery (APA) originating in the cervical portion of the ICA and wish to explore the clinical implications this variation may have.

Methods

Between August and December 2023, 28 formaldehyde donors were dissected in the anatomy course for first-year medical and physician assistant students at the Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix campus.

Results

In one donor, dissection of the right common carotid artery (CCA) revealed a variation of the ECA branches. Two branches were found on the proximal portion of the ICA. After tracing the branches cranially, we identified these as the OA and APA. These two arteries typically originate from the ECA. The bifurcation angle was observed to be nearly 180 degrees. This variation was only observed on the right side.

Conclusion

As the prevalence of this variation has only been described in one study, reporting at 0.14%, documentation and education of this anatomy aids surgeons and interventional radiologists in head and neck procedures. Exploring the paths of these ectopic arteries promotes informed decision making and risk stratification for carotid endarterectomy, arterial embolization, bypass procedures, and arterial harvesting. Furthermore, performing thorough imaging such as CT angiograms on patients preoperatively provides better foresight to minimize complications.
Functional Diversity of A-Type RING Ligases (ATL) Genes: Insights into the Crucial Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Plant Biology
Authors: Sierra-Cacho Daniel , Méndez-Gómez Manuel , Aguilar-Hernández Victor , Guzmán Plinio
Published: November 2024

E3 ubiquitin ligases are vital components of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS), responsible for maintaining protein balance and controlling cellular functions. E3 ligases target specific proteins for degradation or modify their activities through ubiquitin attachment. One prominent E3 ligase family is the ATL family, which comprises 100 members in Arabidopsis thaliana and has significantly expanded in plant genomes. All ATLs share a common domain architecture, featuring a transmembrane domain at the amino-terminal region, a distinct RING-H2 finger domain, and the GLD motif. The RING domain facilitates interactions between E3 ligases, E2-conjugating enzymes, and target proteins, enabling the transfer of ubiquitin molecules. The amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal regions introduce sequence diversity and potentially mediate interactions with other components that assist in UPS function or target recognition. ATLs had been classified within groups, each group encompasses specific ATLs with defined roles in various biological processes. For example, group C-ATLs are implicated in drought tolerance, flower development, phosphate homeostasis, and immune signaling. G-ATLs are associated with carbon/nitrogen stress, immune signaling, salt stress, ABA responses, cadmium tolerance, and sugar-mediated plant growth. A-ATLs participate in early elicitor-response, salt and drought responses, and flowering time regulation. Lastly, D-ATLs are involved in the regulation of programmed cell death. This review let perceive ATLs as a cohesive group of E3 ligases, shedding light on their functional diversifity and redundancy, specifically examining their participation in diverse biological processes, explore their evolutionary history shaped by gene duplication events, and appraise their interactions with key proteins and targets of ubiquitination. This comprehensive overview aims to offer insights into the role of ATLs in plant adaptation, defense mechanisms, and stress tolerance, while also underlying molecular and evolutionary mechanisms and regulatory networks that govern these processes.
Greater resting state functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex with the thalamus, caudate, and putamen in individuals who adhere to the Mediterranean style diets
Authors: Faulkner Paul , Allen Paul , Costabile Adele , Schoemaker Marieke H. , Imakulata Florencia , Hepsomali Piril
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Healthy diets are believed to be associated with a reduced risk of experiencing common mental disorders (CMDs) and related symptomatology (such as ruminative thinking), and with healthier brain chemistry and structure, especially in the frontal regions implicated in CMDs, cognitive control, and food choice. Nevertheless, there is very limited research on the relationship between diet health/quality and brain function. In this study we assessed the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) with the whole brain and whether this connectivity would be associated with ruminative thinking as a transdiagnostic factor for CMDs.

Methods

Thirty-seven adults (Mean Age = 25.57, SD = 7.18) completed the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and were classified into high- and low-quality diet groups and completed the Ruminative Response Scale. All participants underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to determine whole-brain rs-FC of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

Results

Participants in the high MEDAS group (vs. low MEDAS group) exhibited significantly greater rs-FC of the mPFC seed with the thalamus, caudate and putamen. Additionally, the strength of rs-FC of the mPFC seed with these regions was positively associated with the MEDAS scores across groups in both crude and adjusted models. There were no significant associations between the strength of rs-FC of the mPFC seed with the cluster of voxels with the thalamus, caudate, and putamen and ruminative thinking.

Discussion

This work shows that healthy dietary patterns are associated with rs-FC in the frontal-subcortical circuitry in healthy volunteers. Considering the implications of the dysregulation of this circuity, adhering to healthy dietary patterns may offer a promising alternative/complementary method to improve CMDs, cognitive control, and food choices.
Phase transition for random walks on graphs with added weighted random matching
Authors: Baran Zsuzsanna , Hermon Jonathan , Šarković Anđela , Sousi Perla
Published: November 2024

For a finite graph $$G=(V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

let $$G^*$$

G
∗

be obtained by considering a random perfect matching of V and adding the corresponding edges to G with weight $$\varepsilon $$
ε
, while assigning weight 1 to the original edges of G. We consider whether for a sequence $$(G_n)$$

(

G
n

)

of graphs with bounded degrees and corresponding weights $$(\varepsilon _n)$$

(

ε
n

)

, the (weighted) random walk on $$(G_n^*)$$

(

G
n
∗

)

has cutoff. For graphs with polynomial growth we show that $$\log \left( \frac{1}{\varepsilon _n}\right) \ll \log |V_n|$$

log

1

ε
n

≪
log

|

V
n

|

is a sufficient condition for cutoff. Under the additional assumption of vertex-transitivity we establish that this condition is also necessary. For graphs where the entropy of the simple random walk grows linearly up to some time of order $$\log |V_n|$$

log
|

V
n

|

we show that $$\frac{1}{\varepsilon _n}\ll \log |V_n|$$

1

ε
n

≪
log

|

V
n

|

is sufficient for cutoff. In the special case of expander graphs we also provide a complete picture for the complementary regime $$\frac{1}{\varepsilon _n}\gtrsim \log |V_n|$$

1

ε
n

≳
log

|

V
n

|

.
Tilde, an interdisciplinary data access solution serving GeoNet’s volcano and other hazard data
Authors: D’Anastasio Elisabetta , Groom Joshua , Sherburn Steven , Houltham Jeremy , Chadwick Mark , Morris Callum , Peng Baishan , Wu Howard , Harvey Sue , Hanson Jonathan B. ,   GeoNet team
Published: November 2024

Tilde is a new in-house developed solution that the GNS Science’s GeoNet program has recently developed to provide storage and access to low sample rate datasets used to monitor tsunami, landslides, and volcanoes in Aotearoa New Zealand. It includes datasets covering sample rates of 15 s or longer. Time series data are stored and disseminated in JSON and CSV formats, and users can access these through an application programming interface (API) and through graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Tilde’s GUIs were created to allow technical and non-technical users easy access to the available data. The introduction of the Tilde system as one of the GeoNet program delivery channels has represented a big step forward for GeoNet’s volcano data holdings by providing a single point to access all low to medium-sample rate volcano-specific monitoring data. We designed the system and developed a domain model, an API, a graphical data discovery interface, and associated data tutorials. This work leverages the open-by-default data policy for data generated through the GeoNet program. This paper is intended to highlight how we made many of the key decisions that shaped the Tilde system, how they were impacted by our multi-hazard monitoring requirements, and how they have improved access to volcano monitoring data. We conclude with some open questions about the need to develop common standards to share analysis-ready time series data within different disciplines in volcanology and geophysics.
Anti-integrin αvβ6 antibody as a biomarker for diagnosing ulcerative colitis: a nationwide multicenter validation study
Authors: Okabe Makoto , Yamamoto Shuji , Shiokawa Masahiro , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Yamazaki Hajime , Nakanishi Risa , Hamada Kensuke , Kitamoto Hiroki , Kuwada Takeshi , Uza Norimitsu , Sakatani Aki , Fujii Toshimitsu , Ohno Masashi , Matsuura Minoru , Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Ohmiya Naoki , Ooi Makoto , Hoshi Namiko , Moriya Kei , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Yamaguchi Yoshiharu , Kunisaki Reiko , Takahara Masahiro , Takagi Tomohisa , Takehara Tetsuo , Hirai Fumihito , Kakimoto Kazuki , Esaki Motohiro , Nakase Hiroshi , Kinjo Fukunori , Torisu Takehiro , Kanmura Shuji , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Hiraga Hiroto , Yokoyama Kaoru , Honzawa Yusuke , Naganuma Makoto , Saruta Masayuki , Kodama Yuzo , Chiba Tsutomu , Seno Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

Background

A serum biomarker for diagnosing ulcerative colitis (UC) remains to be established. Although we recently reported an anti-integrin αvβ6 antibody (V6 Ab) for diagnosing UC with high sensitivity and specificity, no large-scale validation study exists. This study aimed to validate the diagnostic value of V6 Ab for UC using a nationwide multicenter cohort study.

Methods

We measured V6 Ab titers in patients definitively diagnosed with UC, Crohn’s disease (CD), or other gastrointestinal disorders (OGDs). The primary outcome was the diagnostic value of V6 Ab. Secondary outcomes were factors associated with false-negative results in patients with UC and false-positive results in patients without UC and the heterogeneity of the diagnostic value of V6 Ab among the participating facilities.

Results

We enrolled 1241, 796, and 206 patients with UC, CD, and OGD, respectively, from 28 Japanese high-volume referral centers. The diagnostic sensitivity of V6 Ab for UC was 87.7%, and its specificities for CD and OGDs were 82.0% and 87.4%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that false-negative results were associated with older age at the time of sample collection, current smokers, lower partial Mayo score, and not receiving advanced therapies in patients with UC, and false-positive results were associated with colonic CD in patients with CD. No factor was associated with false-positive results in patients with OGDs. There were no significant differences in the diagnostic value of V6 Ab among the centers.

Conclusions

The diagnostic value of V6 Ab for UC was validated in the large-scale nationwide multicenter study.
In-flight reactions of nocturnally migrating birds to winds
Authors: Bruderer Bruno , Korner Pius , Peter Dieter
Published: November 2024

Available knowledge on in-flight reactions of nocturnal bird migrants to winds is reviewed, with emphasis on the challenging topographical and meteorological conditions in Western Europe, and differences from the situation in North America discussed. Conclusions drawn are used for a new approach: using individual radar tracks of nocturnal migrants (mainly passerines) as well as winds measured at their flight altitudes, we defined the basic direction (BD = average flight direction of all migrants tracked under negligible wind influence) as a reference. For two altitudinal zones above a radar site near Nuremberg, we modelled the deviations of tracks and headings from BD for increasing wind from six 60° sectors. A comparison of birds’ air speeds Va with winds from four 90°-sectors confirmed that Va increased with opposing winds from ~ 11 to 13 (14) m/s; a similar increase occurred with side winds. An expected, slight decrease of Va with increasing following winds was only indicated for high-flying, not for low-flying birds. A predicted increase in average Va due to decreasing air density with increasing height was not observed; possible explanations (birds climbing to high altitudes in following, but not in strong opposing winds) are discussed. Over the whole autumn migration season, headings were concentrated in a sector of ± 30° around 230° in both altitudinal zones. Prevailing winds from 230 to 320° (SW–NW, i.e. opposing from right) led to widely scattered tracks primarily between 190° and 270°, but additional ones in the SE sector (mainly 100°–170°). The analysis of tracks and headings relative to BD revealed the following features. (1) Overcompensation was frequently observed at low wind speeds (< 3 m/s); (2) under all wind conditions, but particularly with opposing winds and at low flight levels, tracks were widely scattered, including birds deviating more than 90° from BD. (3) Under opposing and side winds from the right compensatory efforts led to partial drift compensation up to wind speeds of ~ 8–10 m/s. Because efforts to compensate drift dwindled with increasing wind speeds, birds were fully drifted. Many even shifted their heading to due south and, hence, overdrifted. (4) Opposing and side winds from the left induced partial compensation at low flight levels and full drift above 1500 m asl. (5) The lateral components of the rare and weak following winds led to tracks close to expected minimal drift (without important compensation needed). In general, migrants compensated less for deviations by wind force than expected. The tendency of birds to maintain headings close to BD under opposing winds was so strong that many individuals continued migration with minimal progress over ground or even with retrograde migration as an extreme. On the other hand, there was an omnipresent fraction of birds with tracks far from seasonally favourable directions, including reverse migration.
Melanoma in people living with HIV: Immune landscape dynamics and the role of immuno- and antiviral therapies
Authors: Barger Lindsay N. , El Naggar Olivia S. , Ha Binh , Romano Gabriele
Published: November 2024

The intersection of HIV and melanoma presents a complex and unique challenge, marked by distinct patterns in incidence, mortality, and treatment response. Higher mortality rates among people with HIV who develop melanoma underscore an urgent need to identify the factors influencing these outcomes. Investigating immune system dynamics, the effects of anti-retroviral drugs, and the evolving landscape of cancer immunotherapy in this population holds promise for new insights, though significant uncertainties remain. Over the past 25 years, melanoma research has demonstrated that a robust immune response is critical for effective treatment. In the context of chronic HIV infection, viral reservoirs enable the virus to persist despite anti-retroviral therapy and foster dysregulated myeloid and T cell compartments. The resulting chronic inflammation weakens the immune system and damages tissues, potentially creating “cold” tumor microenvironments that are less responsive to therapy. In this challenging context, animal models become invaluable for uncovering underlying biological mechanisms. While these models do not fully replicate human HIV infection, they provide essential insights into critical questions and inform the development of tailored treatments for this patient population. Clinically, increasing trial participation and creating a centralized, accessible repository for HIV and cancer samples and data are vital. Achieving these goals requires institutions to address barriers to research participation among people with HIV, focusing on patient-centered initiatives that leverage biomedical research to improve their outcomes and extend their lives.
Title: Updates on Testosterone Deficiency in Men Living With HIV and the Cardiovascular Implications
Authors: Garcia Michael , Londoño Valeria , Martinez Claudia
Published: November 2024

Purpose of Review

This review evaluates recent literature (2020–2025) on testosterone deficiency (TD) and its cardiovascular implications in men living with HIV (MLH), focusing on prevalence, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies, including cardiovascular risks linked to testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).

Recent Findings

TD remains highly prevalent in MLH, often manifesting earlier than in the general population due to chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation. While TRT's cardiovascular risks have been debated, recent studies indicate no significant increase in major cardiovascular events among TRT users compared to placebo, though some adverse effects remain a concern.

With HIV now a chronic condition due to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the focus has shifted to managing non-infectious comorbidities like TD. MLH experience TD at younger ages and require personalized care to address this condition and its associated risks effectively.
Compelled Speech at Work: Employer Mobilization as a Threat to Employee Speech Rights
Authors: Ancell Aaron
Published: November 2024

Employers often encourage, incentivize, or even require their employees to engage in politics in a variety of ways. For example, employers often encourage employees to vote, press employees to support particular political candidates or policies, require employees to participate in political events, or ask employees to contact elected officials to advocate for the employer’s interests. Such practices are all forms of employer mobilization. This essay considers the threat that employer mobilization poses to employees’ speech rights, specifically employees’ right against compelled speech. I argue that employer mobilization practices are liable to infringe on employees’ right against compelled speech when three conditions are met: (1) the employer asks or encourages employees to express a particular political message that is inconsistent with some employees’ beliefs and values; (2) the employer forces some employees to express the employer’s message; and (3) the employees are not employed in a role or an organization in which expressing or supporting such messages is an essential part of the job.
Generalized Hilbert operators acting on weighted spaces of holomorphic functions with sup-norms
Authors: Beltrán-Meneu María J. , Bonet José , Jordá Enrique
Published: November 2024

The behaviour of the generalized Hilbert operator associated with a positive finite Borel measure $$\mu $$
μ
on [0, 1) is investigated when it acts on weighted Banach spaces of holomorphic functions on the unit disc defined by sup-norms and on Korenblum type growth Banach spaces. It is studied when the operator is well defined, bounded and compact. To this aim, we study when it can be represented as an integral operator. We observe important differences with the behaviour of the Cesàro-type operator acting on these spaces, getting that boundedness and compactness are equivalent concepts for some standard weights. For the space of bounded holomorphic functions on the disc and for the Wiener algebra, we get also this equivalence, which is characterized in turn by the summability of the moments of the measure $$\mu $$
μ
. In the latter case, it is also equivalent to nuclearity. Nuclearity of the generalized Hilbert operator acting on related spaces, such as the classical Hardy space, is also analyzed.