bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Impacts on Security in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Zaidan Mahdi
Published: September 2024

This report provides an overview of the relationship between climate change and security in SSA. Climate change and its security implications for SSA are extensively covered in the literature. There is a substantial body of evidence on the relationship between several factors associated with climate change (drought, flooding, temperature change, precipitation levels) and incidents of armed conflict, civil war, and intra-state war. The majority of the studies cited are grey literature or academic papers that use econometric methods to establish whether a significant relationship exists between two sets of variables over a set period. There is consensus across most studies that a positive correlation exists between increased temperature, lower precipitation, and conflict.
Peningkatan Mutu Kakao Melalui Percepatan Lama Fermentasi dengan Penggunaan Pektinase Aspergillus niger dan Ion Kalsium
Authors: Anggraini Novia , Erawati Christina Mumpuni , Putra Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi
Published: September 2024

Indonesia is the third largest producer of cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) in the world, but the quality of Indonesian cocoa beans is considered as low. Fermentation is one of the factors that affect the quality of cocoa beans. Fermentation of cocoa beans is a spontaneous fermentation and takes about 5-7 days (for bulk cacao). The objective of this study was to determine the potential of adding pectinase from Aspergillus niger and calcium ions in accelerating fermentation time and the quality of cocoa beans produced. The independent variable in this study was the concentration of calcium ions as an enzyme activator. The concentration of calcium ions and pectinase are applied to cocoa fermentation.  The observations made were reducing sugar content, total sugar content, protein content, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria levels. Parametric data will be analysed by T-test independent with a confidence level of α=0.05. The results showed that added 4.5 units of pectinase and 100 mM calcium ions have significant in reduce the total sugar compared with control due to enzimatic activity. Therefore, the addition of pectinase enzymes from Aspergillus niger and calcium ions have a potential to accelerate the fermentation time and the fermented cocoa beans that have been carried out have met the quality standards of SNI 2828:2008 and included in I – B group of forastero cocoa. This potential needs to be tested further with a larger fermentation volume, for example above 40 kg, to achieve the optimal temperature for the formation of flavor precursors.
 Keywords: cocoa bean, ion calcium, pectinase, quality
Factors of Child Growth Failure Based on the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure in West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Latifah Hasna Izdihar , Suyatno Suyatno , Asna Alfi Fairuz
Published: September 2024

Background: The composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) provides a comprehensive measure of growth failure through various child anthropometric indicators. In regions with a high prevalence of stunting, several factors may contribute to the occurrence of growth failure in children under five years.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the incidence of child growth failure based on the CIAF in a province with high stunting prevalence in Indonesia.
Methods: The cross-sectional study used the 2022 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) data. The sample comprised children aged 0-23 months from West Sulawesi Province, totaling 1,573 children. The number of samples analyzed was 1,327 children, excluding incomplete data and outliers that were values outside a certain range and treated as missing values based on the World Health Organization (WHO). Multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression with a complex sample facility.
Results: This study found that 24.9% of children experienced growth failure based on the CIAF. Factors associated with the incidence of growth failure based on the CIAF were older age between 12-23 months (OR=4.5; CI=2.36-8.43; p=0.000), birth weight less than 2,500 g (OR=6.85; CI=3.85-12.21; p=0.000), boys (OR=1.56; CI=1.13-2.15; p=0.000), incomplete immunization status (OR=1.8; CI=1.31-2.77; p=0.001), and poor economic status in quintile 1 (OR=2.1; CI=1.08-3.99; p=0.028).
Conclusions: The risk factors for child growth failure based on the CIAF included older age, male sex, low birth weight, incomplete immunization status, and low economic status.
Pencegahan Stunting melalui Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia: Pendekatan Meta-Analisis
Authors: Permatasari Ragil Putri , Simbolon Demsa , Yunita Yunita
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang: Penyebab langsung masalah balita stunting adalah asupan gizi, salah satunya karena bayi mendapat ASI tidak eksklusif sampai 6 bulan.
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengukur besarnya efek pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap pencegahan stunting melalui pendekatan meta-analisis.
Metode: Penerapan metode meta-analisis dimulai dengan pencarian artikel penelitian dari berbagai database seperti Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan PubMed. Kata kunci yang digunaakan sesuai dengan Medical Subject Heading (MESH), yaitu "ASI eksklusif", "stunting", "bayi", "Menyusui eksklusif", "gangguan pertumbuhan linier", dan "balita stunting". Kriteria artikel adalah publikasi tahun 2013 hingga 2021, dapat didownload full text, desain penelitian cross-sectional atau case-control, tersedia data effect size dalam bentuk Odds Ratio (OR). Proses pengumpulan artikel disajikan dalam diagram PRISMA. Data dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Review Manager 5.4.1 dengan menerapkan model random effect. Penyajian hasil dalam bentuk forest plot dan funnel plot.
Diskusi: Artikel penelitian yang layak dianalisis sebanyak 26 artikel, terdiri dari 9 dari jurnal internasional dan 17 dari jurnal nasional. Hasil uji Heterogeneity menunjukkan p-value=0,00001 dan nilai I2 = 85%. Hasil analisis dengan model random effect diperoleh forest plot yang menunjukkan odd ratio gabungan (pooled odd ratio) sebesar 2,90 (95% CI: 2,07-4,08), artinya bayi yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif berisiko 2,9 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami stunting dibandingkan dengan bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan dari pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif terhadap kejadian stunting (p-value 0,0001 < 0,05).
Kesimpulan: Pemberian ASI eksklusif efektif dapat mencegah balita mengalami stunting.
The Relation of Infectious Diseases, Water Access, Hygiene Practice, and Sanitation with the Stunting: A Case-Control Study in Sambas Regency
Authors: Budiastutik Indah , Pranaka Resky Nanda , Amaliyah Nurul , Hediyanti Giska , Trisnawati Elly
Published: September 2024

Background: The main nutritional problem concerned by the Indonesian government is the stunting. This condition is affected by various aspects, mainly caused by infectious diseases, clean and unharmonious living behavior, the availability of drinking water, and environmental sanitation.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the relation of infectious diseases, water access, hygiene practices, and sanitation towards the stunting incidence factors in Sambas Regency.
Methods: This research used Ex Post Facto with a case-control design. The study population was residents of Sambas Regency with a total of 535,725 people, a total sample of 241 children aged 0-59 months comprising of 89 respondents as cases and the rest 159 respondents as controls, using inclusion and exclusion criteria both from the control group and from the case group. Data analysis used the chi-square test.
Results: The results showed a relation of infectious diseases (p-value=0.000), drinking water sources (p-value=0.000), clean and healthy living behavior (p-value=0.000), and environmental conditions (p-value=0.000) with the stunting incidences.
Conclusions: The study concludes that there is a significant relation of infectious disease variables, the drinking water sources, hygiene practices, and environmental conditions with the stunting. It requires control and completion of the stunting cases through environmental sanitation improvement, namely the provision of access to clean water, healthy and clean living behaviors, and good cooperation between the government and the community, in educating people through counseling and socialization of the stunting prevention and management.
Efek Kompres Hangat dan Pemberian Air Kelapa terhadap Dismenore Primer pada Remaja Putri Pondok Pesantren Modern Al Ikhlash Putri Kuningan
Authors: Rukoyah Oya Siti , Triwahyuningsih Ria Yulianti , Kumalasary Diyanah , Nurfita Nisa Rizki
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang: Kalangan remaja putri yang tengah menstruasi menunjukkan masih tingginya angka kejadian dismenore primer yang sangat mengganggu berupa kram perut atau gangguan nyeri yang diikuti dengan penyebaran rasa sakit menuju punggung, sakit kepala, mual dan muntah, sampai diare, sehingga harus beristirahat serta dalam kurun waktu tertentu meninggalkan aktivitas serta pekerjaannya.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh kompres hangat dan pemberian air kelapa terhadap dismenore primer pada remaja putri Pondok Pesantren Modern Al-Ikhlash Putri Kabupaten Kuningan.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pra eksperimental dengan desain penelitian one group pre-test post-test design. Sejumlah 83 remaja putri kelas 1-3 SMA berusia 14-18 tahun dipilih sebagai populasi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) dan lembar ceklis (observasi dan wawancara). Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS. Teknik purposive dipilih dalam mengambil sampel, sehingga diperoleh 26 remaja yang relevan dengan kriteria inklusi maupun eksklusi. Data yang dihimpun adalah data primer. Analisis univariat serta bivariat digunakan  dengan paired t-test dalam menguji pengaruh serta chi-square test dalam menguji korelasi tiap variabel.
Hasil: Terdapat uji beda dengan hasil p-value 0,000, ditemukan pengaruh signifikan antara nyeri haid sebelum maupun sesudah kompres hangat dan pemberian air kelapa pada remaja putri.
Kesimpulan: Pemberian kompres hangat dan mengonsumsi air kelapa secara rutin dapat meminimalisir nyeri haid remaja putri.
Tiered Training Model to Improve the Skills of Posyandu Cadres in Measuring Child Anthropometry in Demak Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Suyatno Suyatno , Kartasurya Martha Irene , Susanto Henry Setyawan
Published: September 2024

Background: Posyandu cadres still lack the skills to measure anthropometry. Not all cadres received regular training. 
Objectives: This study aims to develop a training model to improve the skills of Posyandu cadres in conducting anthropometric measurements.
Methods: This study used a research and development approach with two main stages. The first stage was the development of the training model. The second stage was field testing of the new training model, using a pretest-posttest control group design. The training model in the form of Training of trainers (ToT) was tested to 49 cadres in the treatment and control groups with expert resource persons, followed by grassroots training with 142 cadres in the treatment group and 146 cadres in the control group with resource persons from the ToT participants. The intervention lasted three months. The effect of applying the training model on changes in the ability of cadres in anthropometric measurements was analyzed using the General Linear Model with a significant p-value <0.05.
Results: The developed anthropometry training model is tiered training, including ToT followed by grassroots training. Through the implementation of this training model, the number of trained cadre participants increased threefold. The results of the tiered anthropometry training model trial proved to improve knowledge, attitude, practice, self-efficacy, as well as the precision and accuracy of measuring the length, height, and weight of children by Posyandu cadres (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The implementation of a tiered anthropometry training model can increase cadre participants and improve the capacity of cadres in measuring child anthropometry.
The sociality of dying: Contextual philosophical reflections on end-of-life care
Authors: George Siby K
Published: September 2024

Sociality is an ineluctable aspect of the human condition. Both the meaning of our existence in the world and the meaning of the end of our existence come to us from the other and their death. Sharing these meanings in joy, grief and angst fills the moments of our existence with purpose and takes the sting out of our distress, most of all the distress of dying. The essay critiques social practices that increasingly make possible the denial of care (social death) to the dying or providing them with uncompassionate hyper-care in contexts like India, where a palpable sense of community and family life are still very significant to many people. It pleads against social currents that make such ontologically and culturally significant ways of living disappear, opening up a chasm of meaningless suffering.
Anthroponoses: humans infecting animals with infectious diseases
Authors: Meseko Clement , Ochai Peace , Maina Meshach
Published: September 2024

Viruses are transmitted from humans to animals just as they are transmitted from animals to humans. The interspecies transmission barrier between animals and humans with respect to zoonotic pathogens is reducing. This reduction is partly due to the increased intermingling between humans, animals, and biological/environmental factors. The recurring classical H1N1 swine influenza virus, which is circulating even now, is a spillover from the 1918 human influenza pandemic that was introduced into the pig population. Also, most recently, SARS-CoV-2, the causative pathogen of COVID-19, has been retransmitted from humans to animals in a phenomenon described as “reverse zoonoses.” Multidirectional susceptibility to these zoonotic diseases is frequently recorded in humans, companion animals, livestock, zoos, and wildlife. Increase in the occurrence of anthroponoses calls for attention. Therefore, this mini review describes past and recent instances where influenza, coronaviruses, and other pathogens are transmitted from humans to animals. Understanding the threat of zoonoses and anthroponoses underscores the need for a holistic One Health approach for infectious disease control and pandemic preparedness.
Expert and Novice Teachers’ Cognitive Neural Differences in Understanding Students’ Classroom Action Intentions
Authors: Lin Yishan , Li Rui , Martinez Jesús Ribosa , Gisbert David Duran , Sun Binghai
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Teachers’ intention understanding ability reflects their professional insight, which is the basis for effective classroom teaching activities. However, the cognitive process and brain mechanism of how teachers understand students' action intention in class are still unclear; Methods: This study used event-related potential (ERP) technology to explore the cognitive neural differences in intention understanding ability among teachers with different levels of knowledge and experience. The experiment used the comic strips paradigm to examine the ability of expert and novice teachers to understand students’ normative and non-normative classroom actions under different text prompts (“how” and “why”); Results: The results revealed that in the late time window, expert teachers induced larger P300 and LPC amplitudes when they understood students' classroom action intentions, while the N250 amplitudes induced by novice teachers in the early time window were significantly larger. In addition, for both types of teachers, when understanding the intentions behind students’ normative actions, the N250 amplitude was the most significant, while the P300 and LPC amplitudes were more significant for non-normative actions.; Conclusions: This study found that teachers at varying professional development stages had different time processing processes in intention understanding ability, which supported teachers' brain electrophysiological activities related to social ability.
Probabilistic Power and Energy Balance Risk Scheduling Method Based on Distributed Robust Optimization
Authors: Shi Jing , Qin Jianru , Li Haibo , LI Zesen , GE Yi , LIU Boliang
Published: September 2024

The volatility and uncertainty associated with the high proportion of wind and PV output in the new power system significantly impact power and energy balance, making it challenging to accurately assess the risks related to renewable energy abandonment and supply guarante. Therefore, a probabilistic power and energy balance risk analysis method based on distributed robust optimization is proposed. Firstly, the affine factor and the flexible ramp reserve capacity of thermal power are combined to establish a probabilistic index, which serves to characterize the risk associated with power and energy balance. Drawing upon the principles of conditional value at risk theory, the risk indexes of load shedding power and curtailment power under a certain confidence probability are proposed. Secondly, the probability distribution fuzzy sets of uncertain variables are constructed using the distributionally robust method to measure the Wasserstein distance between different probability distributions. Finally, aiming at minimizing the operation cost of thermal power, the risk cost of power abandonment and the risk cost of load shedding, a distributed robust optimal scheduling model based on flexible ramp reserve of thermal power is established.
On Visual Data Analysis of IEEE Xplore Bibliometric Records on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Power Systems
Authors: Chigarev Boris
Published: September 2024

This paper addresses the lack of analytical tools for visual data analysis in IEEE Xplore, an abstract database of publications on technical problems in electronics and electrical engineering. The openness of the platform and the good fillability of a large number of bibliometric record fields make it attractive for visual data analysis. The topic of machine learning and artificial intelligence applied to power systems, which are critical issues in the energy transition process, is chosen as an example for visual data analysis. The programs and utilities used for data analysis were VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, FP-Growth algorithm, Inkscape, and MultiDendrograms. The use of IEEE Terms field data to identify publication topics in the exported data is analyzed in the most comprehensive way. This paper can be considered a reference for professionals interested in bibliometric analysis and visualization of IEEE Xplore data.
Biofortified Pressmud Compost for Improved Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content Employing Bacillus strains
Authors: Sajid Uzma , Aslam Sumaira , Hussain Ali , Mumtaz Tamseela , Kousar Safina
Published: September 2024

Pressmud, a by-product of sugarcane processing, is typically disposed of through incineration or landfilling, though it has considerable potential in organic agriculture. This study explored the com-posting of pressmud through bioaugmentation using specific bacterial strains. Two experimental setups were created: E2 with a cellulolytic and phosphorus-solubilizing strain, Bacillus amyloliquefa-ciens-ASK11, and E3 with a nitrogen-fixing strain, Bacillus megaterium-ASNF3. A control setup (E5) was also maintained without bacterial augmentation. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents were measured using the Kjeldahl and Olsen methods, respectively, while Fourier-Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed compost maturity. Results indicated that the Bacillus-enhanced composts in E2 and E3 significantly increased the nitrogen(49.27% and 91.23%) and phosphorus contents(129% and 83.85%), respectively, compared to the control with only 13.62% N and 65% P contents after 60 days of the pressmud compost maturity.. Additionally, organic matter decomposi-tion improved by 49-50% in the bioaugmented setups after 60 days. FTIR analysis revealed organic phosphate peaks and P-O-C stretching bands at 1025 cm-1 in the E2 compost, while a nitrogen vi-bration band at 3849 cm-1 in E3 indicated significantly higher nitrogen content compared to the control. The Bacillus-enriched pressmud compost not only accelerated the composting process but also enhanced nutrient levels, positioning it as a promising biofertilizer for rehabilitating barren lands.
Influence of the Opening Time Interval of Gate Signals on Suppression of Horizontally-Polarized Signal of an Infrared Pulsed Laser
Authors: Wang You , Liu Jing
Published: September 2024

Since the beginning of the 21th century, infrared Nd:YVO4 pulsed lasers have been widely applied especially in some actual industrial processes. In the working process of a laser-aided etching device, the “match-head” effect must be effectively controlled by suppressing the first giant pulse for a solid-state Q-switched laser. In the process of optimizing the infrared Nd:YVO4 pulsed laser by adjusting the slope parameters of the radio frequency (RF) modulation to suppress the first giant pulse, it has been come across that some abnormal horizontally polarized emission with a very short time appears before the formal vertically polarized emission when the gate signal is artificially started. Actually, abnormal horizontally polarized emission will bring some unexpected machining traces during the production process and even greater dangers. The experimental results show that with the increase of the slope duration of a RF signal, the existence time of abnormal output horizontal polarized light will be shortened, and the horizontal giant pulse and vertical giant pulse are well suppressed. When the slope duration is greater than 0.18 ms both horizontal and vertical giant pulses will disappear. The horizontal polarized light can be thoroughly suppressed when the slope duration is greater than 13.7 ms. Compared with the method of adding polarizer to eliminate abnormal output horizontal polarized light, this method does not add elements in the laser, ensuring that the laser volume is relatively small, and does not affect the quality of the normal output laser. The research conclusion is thought to be of great practical significance especially for processing transparent materials.
Lunar Finite Element Gravity Model
Authors: Nguyen Giaky , Younes Ahmad Bani , Atallah Ahmed
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we integrate the Finite Element Method (FEM) with orthogonal polynomial approximation in high-dimensional spaces to innovatively model the Moon’s surface gravity anomaly. Our aim is to approximate solutions to Laplace’s classical differential equations of gravity, employing classical Chebyshev polynomials as basis functions. Using classical Chebyshev polynomials as basis functions, the least-squares approximation was used to approximate discrete samples of the approximation function. These test functions provide an understanding of errors in approximation and corresponding errors due to differentiation and integration. These test functions provide an understanding of errors in approximation and corresponding errors due to differentiation and integration. The first application of this project is to substitute the globally-valid classical spherical harmonic series of approximations with locally-valid series of orthogonal polynomial approximations (i.e. using the FEM approach). With an error tolerance set at 10−9ms−2, we use this method to adapt the gravity model radially upwards from the lunar surface. The results showcase a need for a higher degree of approximation on and near the lunar surface, with the necessity decreasing as the radius increases. Notably, this method achieves a computational speedup of five orders of magnitude when applying the method to radial adaptation. More intrinsically, our second application involves using the methodology as an effective tool in solving boundary value problems. Specifically, we implement this approach to solve classical differential equations involved with high precision, long-term orbit propagation. This application provides a four-order of magnitude speedup in computational time while maintaining an error within the 10−10ms−2 error range for various orbit propagation tests. Alongside the advancements in orthogonal approximation theory, the FEM enables revolutionary speedups in orbit propagation without compromising accuracy.
The Cyborg Cyclist: Articulating a Sociotechnical Imaginary of E-Velomobility
Authors: Broadwell Lindsay , Brown Neil
Published: September 2024

Popular, industry, and academic attention is increasingly being paid to Electrically-Assisted Pedal Cycles (EAPCs), also known as electric bikes, or e-bikes. Attention has also begun to be given to ideas of the electric bicycle as a component of “electric velomobility” or “e-velomobility” and to the particular benefits of electric bicycles over conventional bicycles. We present here the effects of EAPCs on the tangible quantitative levels of greenhouse gas emission reductions, increased mobility performance, and greater accessibility of cycling; and the intangible qualitative level of perceptions of electric cycling and those who engage in it, harmonized with transhumanist lines of thought in order to articulate a sociotechnical imaginary of the electric bicycle as an augmentation to a cyclist’s physical body. Through a combination of original research and drawing on prior literature, we articulate the idea of a “cyborg cyclist” as a vision for present and future e-velomobilities, and emphasize the ability of appropriate technology to augment the capabilities of cyclists, viewing rider and machine as a single unit, while also warning of the possible risks of inappropriate types of electric bicycle. Such a view, we believe, adds a much-needed technology-positive view to present debates, and highlights especially the ability of the EAPC as a rehabilitative and augmentative mobility tool, and as a means of displacing more carbon-intensive means of transportation, particularly the private car.
Critical infrastructures in an Informal Settlement of Maputo City, Mozambique: The Special Importance of Sectors Interdependencies for Interventions Prioritization
Authors: Cabrita Sílvia , Matos José Saldanha , Ferreira Filipa
Published: September 2024

In Africa, the urban population and informal settlements are increasing, resulting in additional public health and environmental risks and challenges related to the need of basic and sustainable infrastructures and services. In Maputo, the capital of Mozambique, at least 80% of the city is composed of informal settlements, and although some areas are regularized and have approved urbanization plans, the municipality has major deficiencies in meeting current demands in terms of basic infrastructures, such as water supply, sewerage, solid wastes, energy, roads and communications. Most of the peri-urban areas is occupied with small but overcrowding houses, mostly self-built, served by unpaved roads, and with access limitations. The water network is almost non-existent, and the same occurs for stormwater drainage, sanitation, waste collection and public illumination. Despite the improvements made in the last few years, some households still do not have safe sanitation, and in some neighborhoods, open defecation still prevails. In this study, the authors try to understand and explore the interdependences among the infrastructures of the different sectors and how they may jointly contribute for adequate services and a better life of the urban poor, and how to identify the combination of infrastructures to be implemented at short term in face of the limited budgets for investments.
Strategi Implementasi Program Smart Indonesia
Authors: Rachmahnia Lia , Choiriyah Ilmi Usrotin
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the implementation of the Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) at Buduran 1 State Vocational School in Sidoarjo Regency using a qualitative descriptive research method. Through interviews, observation, and documentation, data was collected from key informants, including the school principal, administrative staff, and program beneficiaries. The study reveals that PIP is effectively communicated through special events and verbal interactions with students. The school has provided sufficient facilities, such as computers and wifi, and benefits from supportive factors like parental involvement and collaboration between Guidance and Counseling teachers. However, challenges arise from communication gaps between funding agencies and schools, impacting data accuracy. The findings underscore the need for streamlined communication channels to optimize PIP implementation.
Highlight :

Effective Communication: The study emphasizes the importance of special events and verbal communication in disseminating information about the Smart Indonesia Program, ensuring awareness among students and stakeholders.
Facility Provision: Buduran 1 State Vocational School's proactive approach in providing adequate facilities, including computers and wifi, contributes to the successful implementation of the Smart Indonesia Program.
Communication Challenges: The research highlights the inhibiting factor of communication gaps between channeling agencies and schools, impacting fund collection and data accuracy, underscoring the need for improved communication channels.

Keywords: Smart Indonesia Program, Vocational Education, Implementation Analysis, Communication, Facilities
Implementation of the Integrated Waste Management Site (TPST) Program
Authors: Ali Mochammad Fachrizal , Umar Ahmad Riyadh
Published: September 2024

The study analyzed the implementation of waste management at BUMDes Bhirawa in the Mekarsari Integrated Waste Treatment Site (TPST) in Kureksari Village using a qualitative descriptive method. Data was gathered from interviews, observation, documentation, and literature studies, and the informants included the Bhirawa BUMDes Secretary, the Kureksari Village Government, and the TPST users. The research revealed four variables: communication, data source, dispositions, and bureaucratic structure. The results emphasized the importance of effective communication, data management, employee attitudes, and bureaucratic structure for successful waste management programs Highlight : Communication: The study emphasizes the importance of effective communication in waste management programs. Communication was carried out through electronic media, socialization, and training. Data Management: The study highlights the significance of data management in waste management programs. The data source was sufficient, with a special budget for employee salaries and TPST maintenance. Employee Attitudes and Bureaucratic Structure: The study suggests that employee attitudes and bureaucratic structure play a crucial role in successful waste management programs. The results revealed that employees were responsible for their duties, and the bureaucratic structure had clear standard operating procedures and a well-executed division of responsibilities. Keywords: Waste Management, BUMDes Bhirawa, Mekarsari Integrated Waste Treatment Site (TPST), Kureksari Village, Qualitative Descriptive Method
Consumptive hypothyroidism complicating infantile hepatic hemangioma successfully treated with propranolol: a case report and literature review
Authors: Bettini Irene , Poletti Giulia , Rocca Alessandro , Natale Valeria di , Gennari Monia , Lanari Marcello , Pession Andrea , Cassio Alessandra
Published: September 2024

Background
consumptive hypothyroidism (CH) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, caused by the overexpression in vascular tumors of type 3 deiodinase (D3), converting thyroid hormones into inactive metabolites.
Case presentation
We report the case of a 2-months-old male infant with diffuse infantile hepatic hemangioma (IHH). Thyroid function screening detected a CH. The patient was promptly treated with propranolol: after 2 weeks, a marked reduction in tumour size was observed and thyroid function was restored. No hormone replacement therapy was required. We then performed a literature review on PubMed/Medline: based on the title and abstract, we extracted 64 cases of CH secondary to IHH published between 2000 and 2023. 59.37% patients received propranolol, either alone (52.63%) or in combination with other treatments. 18.75% patients required surgical treatment or liver transplant. LT4 was administered in 92.85% of the patients. Patients who received propranolol required a lower dosage of LT4 than patients who received other treatments.
Conclusions
thyroid function should be evaluated in all children with IHH to rule out CH. Early recognition of IHH and CH and prompt therapy with propranolol can effectively treat IHH and the subsequent hypothyroidism, sometimes even without the need of hormone replacement therapy.
Linear Body Measurements as indicators for Body Weight in Three Genotypes of Chickens in Zimbabwe
Authors: Assan Never
Published: September 2024

A study of 397 mature hens (155 Astrolope; 154 Boschveld; 88 Sasso) was conducted to assess body weight and linear body measures, including neck length (NL), Body Circumference (BC), Body Length (BL), Shank Length (SL), and Shank Circumference.The results showed significant differences in BWT, BC, BL, SC, and SL for all chicken breeds, with p-values less than 0.05. However, there was a slight difference in neck length and shank circumference, with p values less than alpha value 0.05. Astrolope had the highest weight and largest size, followed by Boshveld and Sasso. The study found that Boshveld chickens had the strongest association coefficient with body weight, with a 0.50 correlation between shank circumference and neck length. Sasson chickens showed a positive association with body weight and body dimensions, but the overall relationship was weaker. Astrolope chickens can predict body weight by direct selection of the neck length. Astrolope chickens had the highest body circumference, body length, shank circumference, and neck length. Linear body measurements as sole predictors of body weight were ineffective, with values ranging from 0.02–0.34, 0.03–0.15, and 0.05–0.27 for SC, AC, and BC, respectively. However, fitting multiple regressions improves this prediction. Boshveld et al. provided the best multiple linear regression model that connected body weight and linear body measures. The study concluded that linear body measurements may not be effective predictors of body weight in the Astrolope, Boschveld, and Sasso chicken populations of Zimbabwe, and that other predictive models that fit quadratic or cubic growth may need to be explored. In addition, chicken breeds vary in size and body weight, with Astrolope being larger and heavier.
FOLR1 enhances the radioresistance of gastric cancer via the rescue of damaged DNA
Authors: Liu Lei , yang Tian , Yu Siting , Xiang Zhongzheng , Zeng Yuanyuan , Wang Jun , Bai Liping , Dai Zelei , Xu Ningyue , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang
Published: September 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is a multifactorial malignancy with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Radiotherapy plays a crucial role in the comprehensive treatment of GC patients; however, its clinical benefits are still limited due to radioresistance. FOLR1 is known to predict poor prognosis in tumor patients and is involved in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, its role in GC radioresistance has not been previously described. In this study, we investigated the role of FOLR1 in GC radioresistance through cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays using three GC cell lines (MKN-45, AGS, and MGC-803) and radiation-induced radioresistant GC cell line SGC-R. The results showed that FOLR1 was highly expressed in the radioresistant cell line SGC-R. Furthermore, we found that FOLR1/TPM4 activated the JAK1/STAT1 pathway, developed abnormal DNA damage response (DDR), and promoted GC radioresistance. Moreover, silencing FOLR1 increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, FOLR1 is a novel biomarker for GC radioresistance and provides a potential therapeutic target for overcoming radioresistance in GC patients.
Exopolysaccharides extracted from submerged cultures of Ganoderma lucidumactivate the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Burguel Pedro Henrique , Castro Raffael Junio de Almeida , Basso Angelina M. Moreschi , Coutinho Luisa Coelho , Marina Clara Luna Freitas , Siqueira Isaque Medeiros , Gonzales Alysia Gonzales , Kucheryavy Pavel , Pomin Vitor H , Carbonero Elaine Rosecher , Tavares Aldo Henrique , Bocca Anamelia Lorenzetti
Published: September 2024

Interleucin-1β (IL-1β) is a pivotal cytokine in pro-inflammatory response induction, and it is regarded as protective in various diseases. IL-1β secretion is mainly associated with activation of the inflammasome complex, which generally is tightly regulated, depending on two signals for significant activity. The water-insoluble fraction of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum was extracted and co-cultivated with murine bone marrow macrophages. We demonstrated that G. lucidum exopolysaccharides (EPS) could induce IL-1β production and release in murine macrophages. The mechanisms underlying EPS-induced priming encompass recognition through dectin-1 and activation of the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) / nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B (NF-kB) axis. In addition, EPS stimulates IL-1β secretion in a phagocytosis-dependent manner via the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in response to reactive oxygen species production, potassium efflux, phagolysosomal acidification, and cathepsin B release. Both caspase-1 and, to a lesser extent, caspase-8 were activated upon EPS stimulus and required for IL-1β cleavage and release. The treatment with EPS by gavage of Cryptococcus neoformans-infected mice showed increased survival. Our study highlighted significant stimulation by G. lucidum EPS to innate immune cells, suggesting a potential adjuvant in antimicrobial treatment schemes.
Community Scientists Fill Gaps in Knowledge Generation, Education, and Enforcement in Social-Ecological Systems
Authors: O'Connor Ryan , De Leo Giulio , Ardoin Nicole
Published: September 2024

Community scientists play a critical role in developing, interpreting, and sharing the science needed to understand complex human and ecological systems. In this paper, we present a novel framework for analyzing the complex interactions of community scientists, highlighting their vital role in filliing capacity gaps throughout social-ecological systems. Our framework identifies three key boundaries spanned by community scientists: knowledge generation, education, and enforcement. We further show that these boundary spanning roles emerge in response to limitations in the capacity of institutions. Community scientists provide valuable support to institutions by acting as “eyes and ears,” augmenting and supporting the activities of government agencies throughout social-ecological systems. We empirically support this framework through a case study of a coastal community in California, USA. By emphasizing the diverse ways community scientists' engage with their communities, our framework provides a foundation for more effective integration of their efforts in environmental research and policy. We also highlight the need for careful consideration of the ethical and practical implications of relying on community scientists to accommodate gaps in institutional capacity. This study advances our understanding of community science and offers broadly applicable insights for improving collaborative approaches to social-ecological challenges across scales and systems.
The clinical evaluation of the effect of traditional attachment and optimized attachment on maxillary teeth movement in patients with extracted first premolar teeth
Authors: Shen Tao , Xie Piao , Guo Mengying , Shi Qun , Hong Xinyu , Hu Xin , Liu Jian
Published: September 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of G6 optimized attachment and traditional attachment on maxillary teeth movement in patients with first premolar extraction.
Methods: In this study, 29 patients who received 4 first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign (Align Technology) and completed the first series of aligners were included. Superimposition of pretreatment and predicted posttreatment dental models was acquired from ClinCheck software. By superimposing skull models and dental models, the final superimposition of the pretreatment and posttreatment dental models were obtained. Posttreatment and predicted posttreatment three-dimensional teeth movements of the maxillary central incisors, canines, second premolars and first molars were compared between the two groups using paired t-tests, respectively, and the differences between two groups were compared using independent samples t-tests.
Results: Compared to the predicted changes, the maxillary central incisors achieved greater distal rotation and palatal inclination and extrusion. The maxillary canines achieved greater distal rotation, distal tipping and extrusion. The maxillary second premolars achieved less distal tipping and intrusion. The maxillary first molars achieved greater buccal inclination and less distal tipping and intrusion. For the comparison of teeth movement achieved between the two groups, there was a significant difference in changes in torque and buccolingual displacement of the maxillary central incisors and angulation of the maxillary canines between the traditional attachment group and the G6 optimized attachment group.
Conclusions: There are differences between traditional attachments and G6 optimized attachments in controlling the torque and buccolingual displacement of the maxillary central incisors, as well as the axial angulation of the canines.
Feasibility and reproducibility of speckle tracking echocardiography in routine assessment of the fetal heart in a low-risk population
Authors: Sacco Adalina , Kazi Ayisha , Nzelu Diane , Jowett Victoria , Pandya Pranav
Published: September 2024

Background Assessment of fetal cardiac function can now be undertaken with speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in a variety of settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of STE in routine fetal cardiac assessments by non-experts in an NHS clinical setting.Methods A prospective longitudinal cohort study was performed from April 2022 to June 2023. For all women attending for ultrasound scan between 18 and 40 weeks’ gestation a three second cineloop of the fetal four chamber view stored if technically possible. Parameters of global cardiac function (ejection fraction [EF], cardiac output [CO], cardiac output per kg [CO/kg], stroke volume [SV] and stroke volume/kg [SV/kg], and fractional area change of the ventricles [FAC]) were analysed off-line using STE software by two researchers independently.Results Of 393 ultrasound scans performed in fetuses fulfilling criteria, 50.9% were able to be analysed using STE. Intraobserver variability was poor to moderate for both operators (Operator 1 correlation coefficient for FAC 0.28, EF 0.17, SV 0.01, SV/Kg 0.00, CO 0.74, CO/Kg 0.39; Operator 2 correlation coefficient for FAC 0.58, EF 0.65, SV 0.67, SV/Kg 0.02, CO 0.66, CO/Kg 0.31). Interobserver variability was also poor to moderate (Operator 1 vs Operator 2 correlation coefficient for FAC 0.01, EF 0.00, SV 0.00, SV/Kg 0.00, CO 0.64, CO/Kg 0.25; Operator 2 vs Operator 1 correlation coefficient for FAC 0.16, EF 0.06, SV 0.72, SV/Kg 0.008, CO 0.70, CO/Kg 0.34).Conclusion Routine speckle tracking echocardiography of global cardiac function in low-risk fetuses has low to moderate feasibility and reproducibility in a real-world NHS setting. A high grade of expertise is likely necessary to use STE in order to achieve high reproducibility. Future research should investigate factors contributing to variability in STE measurements and standardisation of protocols.
Impact of food behavior and nutritional intake on the health status of hemodialysis patients
Authors: N Syedali Fathima , K Merina Elizabeth  Joseph , KN Preethi , Abraham Georgi , D Anandhi
Published: September 2024

This study was done to compare the food behavior and nutritional intake between well-nourished and malnourished Hemodialysis (HD) patients. The study included 94 samples, on hemodialysis for at least 2 months. The study is done using proforma and questionnaire. Out of 94 selected HD patients, there were 46.8% well nourished, 50% mild to moderately malnourished and 3.2% severely malnourished. There was a positive impact on health status of the HD patients based on the number of meals taken in a day and inclusion of food groups such as pulses, egg, meat, other vegetables and fruits. Vintage of Dialysis had a significant difference on the nutritional status. The mean ± SD of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake by the HD patients were 1386.72 ± 353.13 kcal/day, 43.67 ± 11.53 g/day, 32.85 ± 9.11 g/day and 213.81 ± 49.45 g/day. There is a statistically significant difference in the health status of HD patients based on the intake of calories, fat and carbohydrate. The study shows no statistically significant difference among the three different health groups based on the consumption of protein. The present study shows that there is a positive influence of food behavior and nutritional intake on hemodialysis patient’s health status.
Prognostic impact of expression of CD2, CD25, and/or CD30 in/on mast cells in
systemic mastocytosis: a registry study of the ECNM
Authors: Rüfer Axel , Nilius Henning , Hermine Oliver , Niedoszytko Marek , Elberink Hanneke Oude , Bonadonna Patrizia , Shoumariyeh Khalid , Gulen Theo , Hartmann Karin , Sabato Vito , Angelova-Fischer Irena , Baffoe Daniel , Fortina Anna Belloni , Breynaert Christine , Brockow Knut , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Bumbea Horia , Daele Paul van , Doubek Michael , Dybedal Ingunn , ELENA CHIARA , Fokoloros Christos , Górska Aleksandra , Heizmann Marc , Jentzsch Madlen , Luebcke Johannes , Mattsson Mattias , Panse Jens , Shug Tanja , Sciumè Mariarita , Stefan Alex , Sztormowska Marlena , Várkonyi Judit , Wortmanns Friederike , Yavuz Akif , Sperr Martina , Gotlib Jason , Reiter Andreas , Triggiani Massimo , Sperr Wolfgang , Valent Peter
Published: September 2024

Expression of CD2, CD25 and/or CD30 in extracutaneous mast cells (MC) is a minor diagnostic criterion for systemic mastocytosis (SM) in the classification of the World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification. So far, it remains unknown whether expression of these antigens on MC is of prognostic significance in SM. We performed a retrospective multi-center study of patients with SM using the data set of the registry of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis, including 5034 patients with various MC disorders. The percentage of CD2-, CD25+ and/or CD30+ MC was considerably lower in patients with indolent SM compared to patients with advanced SM, including aggressive SM and MC leukemia. Whereas CD25 and CD30 expres-sion in MC could not be associated with prognosis, we found that lack of CD2 expression in MC is associated with a significantly reduced overall survival (OS) in patients with SM (p<0.0001). Lack of CD2 was also associated with the presence of extramedullary involvement affecting the spleen, liver, and/or lymph nodes (odds ratio 2.63 compared to SM with CD2+ MC). Together, lack of CD2 expression in MC is an important prognostic marker and indicator of reduced OS and extramedul-lary disease expansion in patients with SM.