bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of hyaluronic acid in symptomatic hip osteoarthritis: A multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Richette Pascal , Ravaud Philippe , Conrozier Thierry , Euller‐Ziegler Liana , Mazières Bernard , Maugars Yves , Mulleman Denis , Clerson Pierre , Chevalier Xavier
Published: February 2009

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a single intraarticular (IA) injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A multicenter, randomized, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted over 3 months. Patients (older than 30 years) with symptomatic hip OA (pain score of >40 mm on a visual analog scale [VAS]) and a Kellgren/Lawrence grade of 2 or 3 were randomly assigned to receive 1 fluoroscopically guided IA injection of HA (2.5 ml) or placebo (2.5 ml). Patients were followed up for 3 months. The main outcome measure was pain score on a VAS (100 mm) at month 3 compared with baseline. Secondary outcome measures were the proportion of responders defined by Osteoarthritis Research Society International criteria; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index subscores for pain, stiffness, and disability; and patient and physician global assessment. Randomization was computer generated. HA and placebo preparations were placed in numbered identical containers, and syringes were covered with masking tape. Physicians assessing outcomes were blinded with regard to group assignment.

Results

Eighty‐five patients were randomized to the HA group (n = 42) or placebo group (n = 43). Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. At 3 months, the decrease in pain score did not differ between the HA and placebo groups in the intent‐to‐treat analysis (mean ± SD decrease 7.8 ± 24.9 mm with HA versus 9.1 ± 27.4 mm with placebo; P = 0.98). The responder rates were 33.3% and 32.6% in the HA and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.94). Other secondary end points did not differ between the groups, nor did use of rescue medication or frequency of adverse events.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that a single IA injection of HA is no more effective than placebo in treating the symptoms of hip OA.
Chondroitin sulfate increases hyaluronan production by human synoviocytes through differential regulation of hyaluronan synthases: Role of p38 and Akt
Authors: David‐Raoudi Maha , Deschrevel Brigitte , Leclercq Sylvain , Galéra Philippe , Boumediene Karim , Pujol Jean‐Pierre
Published: February 2009

Objective

To uncover the mechanism by which chondroitin sulfate (CS) enhances hyaluronan (HA) production by human osteoarthritic (OA) fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS).

Methods

The production of HA was investigated by exposing human OA FLS to CS in the presence or absence of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). HA levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for HA synthase 1 (HAS‐1), HAS‐2, and HAS‐3 were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The effect of CS and IL‐1β on signaling pathways was assessed by Western blotting. Specific inhibitors were used to determine their effects on both HA production and HAS expression. The molecular size of HA was analyzed by high‐pressure liquid chromatography.

Results

CS increased HA production by FLS through up‐regulation of the expression of HAS1 and HAS2. This was associated with activation of ERK‐1/2, p38, and Akt, although to a lesser extent. Both p38 and Akt were involved in CS‐induced HA accumulation. IL‐1β increased HA production and levels of mRNA for HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3. CS enhanced the IL‐1β–induced level of HAS2 mRNA and reduced the level of HAS3 mRNA. IL‐1β–induced activation of p38 and JNK was slightly decreased by CS, whereas that of ERK‐1/2 and Akt was enhanced. More high molecular weight HA was found in CS plus IL‐1β–treated FLS than in FLS treated with IL‐1β alone.

Conclusion

CS stimulates the synthesis of high molecular weight HA in OA FLS through up‐regulation of HAS1 and HAS2. It reduces the IL‐1β–enhanced transcription of HAS3 and increases the production of HA of large molecular sizes. These effects may be beneficial for maintaining viscosity and antiinflammatory properties in the joint.
Early targets of nuclear RNP humoral autoimmunity in human systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Poole Brian D. , Schneider Rebecca I. , Guthridge Joel M. , Velte Cathy A. , Reichlin Morris , Harley John B. , James Judith A.
Published: February 2009

Objective

The U1 small nuclear RNPs are common targets of autoantibodies in lupus and other autoimmune diseases. However, the etiology and progression of autoimmune responses directed against these antigens are not well understood. The aim of this study was to use a unique collection of serial samples obtained from patients before and after the development of nuclear RNP (nRNP) antibodies to investigate early humoral events in the development of anti‐nRNP autoimmunity.

Methods

Lupus patients with sera available from both before and after the development of nRNP antibody precipitin were identified from the Oklahoma Clinical Immunology Serum Repository. Antibodies in the serial samples were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, solid‐phase epitope mapping, and competition assays.

Results

The first‐detected nRNP antibodies targeted 6 common initial epitopes in nRNP A, 2 in nRNP C, and 9 in nRNP 70K. The initial epitopes of nRNP A and nRNP C were significantly enriched for proline and shared up to 95% sequence homology. The initial nRNP 70K humoral epitopes differed from those of nRNP A and nRNP C. The initial antibodies to nRNP A and nRNP C were cross‐reactive with the SmB′‐derived peptide PPPGMRPP. Antibody binding against all 3 nRNP subunits diversified significantly over time.

Conclusion

Autoantibodies to nRNP A and nRNP C initially targeted restricted, proline‐rich motifs. Antibody binding subsequently spread to other epitopes. The similarity and cross‐reactivity between the initial targets of nRNP and Sm autoantibodies identifies a likely commonality in cause and a focal point for intermolecular epitope spreading.
GATA‐3 protects against severe joint inflammation and bone erosion and reduces differentiation of Th17 cells during experimental arthritis
Authors: van Hamburg Jan Piet , Mus Anne‐Marie , de Bruijn Marjolein J. W. , de Vogel Lisette , Boon Louis , Cornelissen Ferry , Asmawidjaja Patrick , Hendriks Rudi W. , Lubberts Erik
Published: February 2009

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with the infiltration of T helper cells into the joints. It is unclear whether interferon‐γ (IFNγ)–producing Th1 cells or the novel T helper subset, interleukin‐17 (IL‐17)–producing Th17 cells, are the pathogenic mediators of joint inflammation in chronic nonautoimmune arthritis. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining whether the Th2‐specific transcription factor GATA‐3 can regulate arthritis, in an experimental murine model, by modulating Th1 and/or Th17 cell polarization.

Methods

Arthritis was induced with methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) in both wild‐type and CD2 T cell–specific GATA‐3 (CD2–GATA‐3)–transgenic mice. At days 1 and 7 after the induction of arthritis, knee joints were scored macroscopically for arthritis severity and for histologic changes. Single‐cell suspensions were generated from the spleens, lymph nodes, and inflamed knee joints. Cytokine expression by CD4+ T cells was determined using flow cytometry, and IL‐17 expression in the inflamed knee joints was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Analyses of gene expression were performed for Th17‐associated factors.

Results

Wild‐type mice developed severe joint inflammation, including massive inflammatory cell infiltration and bone erosion that increased significantly over time, reaching maximal arthritis scores at day 7. In contrast, only mild joint inflammation was observed in CD2–GATA‐3–transgenic mice. This mild effect was further accompanied by systemic and local reductions in the numbers of IL‐17+IFNγ− and IL‐17+IFNγ+, but not IL‐17−IFNγ+, CD4+ T cells, and by induction of Th2 cytokine expression. Moreover, GATA‐3 overexpression resulted in reduced gene expression of the Th17‐associated transcription factor retinoic acid–related orphan receptor γt.

Conclusion

These results indicate that enforced GATA‐3 expression protects against severe joint inflammation and bone erosion in mice, accompanied by reduced differentiation of Th17 cells, but not Th1 cells, during mBSA‐induced arthritis.
Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase is a crucial promoter of synovial invasion in human rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Miller Mary‐Clare , Manning Hugh B. , Jain Abhilash , Troeberg Linda , Dudhia Jayesh , Essex David , Sandison Ann , Seiki Motoharu , Nanchahal Jagdeep , Nagase Hideaki , Itoh Yoshifumi
Published: February 2009

Objective

A hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is invasion of the synovial pannus into cartilage, and this process requires degradation of the collagen matrix. The aim of this study was to explore the role of one of the collagen‐degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), membrane type 1 MMP (MT1‐MMP), in synovial pannus invasiveness.

Methods

The expression and localization of MT1‐MMP in human RA pannus were investigated by Western blot analysis of primary synovial cells and immunohistochemical analysis of RA joint specimens. The functional role of MT1‐MMP was analyzed by 3‐dimensional (3‐D) collagen invasion assays and a cartilage invasion assay in the presence or absence of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1), TIMP‐2, or GM6001. The effect of adenoviral expression of a dominant‐negative MT1‐MMP construct lacking a catalytic domain was also examined.

Results

MT1‐MMP was highly expressed at the pannus–cartilage junction in RA joints. Freshly isolated rheumatoid synovial tissue and isolated RA synovial fibroblasts invaded into a 3‐D collagen matrix in an MT1‐MMP–dependent manner. Invasion was blocked by TIMP‐2 and GM6001 but not by TIMP‐1. Invasion was also inhibited by the overexpression of a dominant‐negative MT1‐MMP, which inhibits collagenolytic activity and proMMP‐2 activation by MT1‐MMP on the cell surface. Synovial fibroblasts also invaded into cartilage in an MT1‐MMP–dependent manner. This process was further enhanced by removing aggrecan from the cartilage matrix.

Conclusion

MT1‐MMP serves as an essential collagen‐degrading proteinase during pannus invasion in human RA. Specific inhibition of MT1‐MMP–dependent invasion may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.
CCAAT/ENHANCER binding protein β mediates expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 in human articular chondrocytes in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Hayashida Mitsumasa , Okazaki Ken , Fukushi Junichi , Sakamoto Akio , Iwamoto Yukihide
Published: February 2009

Objective

To determine the function of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) in chondrocytes in inflammatory arthritis.

Methods

Cartilage obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis was immunostained for expression of C/EBPβ or MMP‐13. Interleukin‐1β– or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–stimulated chondrocytes were subjected to Western blotting and real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). MMP‐13 promoter assays were conducted, and the C/EBPβ response element was characterized by deletion and mutation analysis. C‐28/I2 cells were treated with TNFα and subjected to chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Finally, C/EBPβ–liver‐enriched activator protein (LAP) was overexpressed in C‐28/I2 cells or cartilage tissues, and MMP‐13 expression was analyzed.

Results

C/EBPβ and MMP‐13 expression was colocalized in chondrocytes in arthritic cartilage. MMP‐13 promoter activity was stimulated by C/EBPβ overexpression in a dose‐dependent manner. Luciferase assays revealed that a –981‐bp promoter had the greatest activity, while deletion to –936 bp strongly diminished promoter activity. Luciferase activity was repressed to basal levels by mutations in potential C/EBP binding sites. The stimulatory effects of C/EBPβ overexpression were diminished by mutation. ChIP assays revealed that TNFα treatment enhanced the binding of C/EBPβ to the MMP‐13 promoter. When C/EBPβ‐LAP was overexpressed in C‐28/I2 cells, endogenous MMP‐13 expression was stimulated up to 32‐fold as detected by real‐time RT‐PCR. Furthermore, following adenoviral overexpression of C/EBPβ‐LAP in organ culture of articular cartilage, stimulation of MMP‐13 was also detected by immunohistochemistry.

Conclusion

C/EBPβ directly binds to the MMP‐13 promoter region and stimulates the expression of MMP‐13 in chondrocytes in inflammatory arthritis.
Lack of agreement between rheumatologists in defining digital ulceration in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Herrick Ariane L. , Roberts Christopher , Tracey Andrew , Silman Alan , Anderson Marina , Goodfield Mark , McHugh Neil , Muir Lindsay , Denton Christopher P.
Published: February 2009

Objective

To test the intra‐ and interobserver variability, among clinicians with an interest in systemic sclerosis (SSc), in defining digital ulcers.

Methods

Thirty‐five images of finger lesions, incorporating a wide range of abnormalities at different sites, were duplicated, yielding a data set of 70 images. Physicians with an interest in SSc were invited to take part in the Web‐based study, which involved looking through the images in a random sequence. The sequence differed for individual participants and prevented cross‐checking with previous images. Participants were asked to grade each image as depicting “ulcer” or “no ulcer,” and if “ulcer,” then either “inactive” or “active.” Images of a range of exemplar lesions were available for reference purposes while participants viewed the test images. Intrarater reliability was assessed using a weighted kappa coefficient with quadratic weights. Interrater reliability was estimated using a multirater weighted kappa coefficient.

Results

Fifty individuals (most of them rheumatologists) from 15 countries participated in the study. There was a high level of intrarater reliability, with a mean weighted kappa value of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.77, 0.84). Interrater reliability was poorer (weighted κ = 0.46 [95% CI 0.35, 0.57]).

Conclusion

The poor interrater reliability suggests that if digital ulceration is to be used as an end point in multicenter clinical trials of SSc, then strict definitions must be developed. The present investigation also demonstrates the feasibility of Web‐based studies, for which large numbers of participants can be recruited over a short time frame.
The myeloid‐related proteins 8 and 14 complex, a novel ligand of toll‐like receptor 4, and interleukin‐1β form a positive feedback mechanism in systemic‐onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Frosch Michael , Ahlmann Martina , Vogl Thomas , Wittkowski Helmut , Wulffraat Nico , Foell Dirk , Roth Johannes
Published: February 2009

Objective

Fever of unknown origin is a diagnostic challenge in children, especially for differentiation of systemic‐onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (systemic‐onset JIA) and infectious diseases. We undertook this study to analyze the relevance of myeloid‐related proteins (MRPs) 8 and 14, endogenous activators of Toll‐like receptor 4, in diagnosis and pathogenesis of systemic‐onset JIA.

Methods

Serum concentrations of MRP‐8/MRP‐14 were analyzed in 60 patients with systemic‐onset JIA, 85 patients with systemic infections, 40 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 5 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, 18 patients with neonatal‐onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), and 50 healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the link between interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and MRP‐8/MRP‐14 in systemic‐onset JIA.

Results

Serum MRP‐8/MRP‐14 concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in patients with active systemic‐onset JIA (mean ± 95% confidence interval 14,920 ± 4,030 ng/ml) compared with those in healthy controls (340 ± 70 ng/ml), patients with systemic infections (2,640 ± 720 ng/ml), patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (650 ± 280 ng/ml), patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (840 ± 940 ng/ml), and patients with NOMID (2,830 ± 580 ng/ml). In contrast to C‐reactive protein levels, MRP‐8/MRP‐14 concentrations distinguished systemic‐onset JIA from infections, with a specificity of 95%. MRP‐14 in serum of patients with systemic‐onset JIA was a strong inducer of IL‐1β expression in phagocytes.

Conclusion

The analysis of MRP‐8/MRP‐14 in serum is an excellent tool for the diagnosis of systemic‐onset JIA, allowing early differentiation between patients with systemic‐onset JIA and those with other inflammatory diseases. MRP‐8/MRP‐14 and IL‐1β represent a novel positive feedback mechanism activating phagocytes via 2 major signaling pathways of innate immunity during the pathogenesis of systemic‐onset JIA.
MQX‐503, a novel formulation of nitroglycerin, improves the severity of Raynaud's phenomenon: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Chung Lorinda , Shapiro Lee , Fiorentino David , Baron Murray , Shanahan Joseph , Sule Sangeeta , Hsu Vivien , Rothfield Naomi , Steen Virginia , Martin Richard W. , Smith Edwin , Mayes Maureen , Simms Robert , Pope Janet , Kahaleh Bashar , Csuka M. E. , Gruber Barry , Collier David , Sweiss Nadera , Gilbert Adam , Dechow Frederick J. , Gregory Jeffrey , Wigley Fredrick M.
Published: February 2009

Objective

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) affects 3–9% of the general population and >90% of patients with systemic sclerosis. Nitrates are often prescribed for the treatment of RP, but currently available formulations are limited by side effects, particularly headaches, dizziness, and skin irritation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of a novel formulation of topical nitroglycerin, MQX‐503, in the treatment of RP in an ambulatory setting.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled study with a 2‐week single‐blind run‐in period to determine baseline severity, followed by a 4‐week double‐blind treatment phase. Two hundred nineteen adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of primary or secondary RP received 0.9% MQX‐503 gel or matching placebo during the treatment period. Gel was applied immediately before or within 5 minutes of the beginning of an episode of RP (maximum of 4 applications daily). End points included the change in the mean Raynaud's Condition Score (RCS; scale 0–10), the frequency and duration of episodes, and subjective assessments at the target week (the week during the treatment phase that most closely matched the run‐in period in terms of ambient temperature) compared with baseline.

Results

The mean (%) change in the RCS at the target week compared with baseline was significantly greater in the MQX‐503 group (0.48 [14.3%]) than that in the placebo group (0.04 [1.3%]; P = 0.04). Changes in the frequency and duration of RP episodes and subjective assessments were not statistically different between the groups. MQX‐503 had a side effect profile similar to that of placebo.

Conclusion

MQX‐503 is well tolerated and more effective than placebo for the treatment of RP.
Involvement of breast cancer resistance protein expression on rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue macrophages in resistance to methotrexate and leflunomide
Authors: van der Heijden Joost W. , Oerlemans Ruud , Tak Paul P. , Assaraf Yehuda G. , Kraan Maarten C. , Scheffer George L. , van der Laken Conny J. , Lems Willem F. , Scheper Rik J. , Dijkmans Ben A. C. , Jansen Gerrit
Published: February 2009

Objective

To determine whether multidrug‐resistance efflux transporters are expressed on immune effector cells in synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compromise the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF).

Methods

Synovial tissue biopsy samples obtained from RA patients before treatment and 4 months after starting treatment with MTX (n = 17) or LEF (n = 13) were examined by immunohistochemical staining and digital image analysis for the expression of the drug efflux transporters P‐glycoprotein, multidrug resistance–associated protein 1 (MRP‐1) through MRP‐5, MRP‐8, MRP‐9, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and the relationship to clinical efficacy of MTX and LEF was assessed.

Results

BCRP expression was observed in all RA synovial biopsy samples, both pretreatment and posttreatment, but not in control noninflammatory synovial tissue samples from orthopedic patients. BCRP expression was found both in the intimal lining layer and on macrophages and endothelial cells in the synovial sublining. Total numbers of macrophages in RA patients decreased upon treatment; in biopsy samples with persistently high macrophage counts, 2‐fold higher BCRP expression was observed. Furthermore, median BCRP expression was significantly increased (3‐fold) in nonresponders to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) compared with responders to DMARDs (P = 0.048). Low expression of MRP‐1 was found on synovial macrophages, along with moderate expression in T cell areas of synovial biopsy specimens from one‐third of the RA patients.

Conclusion

These findings show that the drug resistance–related proteins BCRP and MRP‐1 are expressed on inflammatory cells in RA synovial tissue. Since MTX is a substrate for both BCRP and MRP‐1, and LEF is a high‐affinity substrate for BCRP, these transporters may contribute to reduced therapeutic efficacy of these DMARDs.
A quality indicator set for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yazdany Jinoos , Panopalis Pantelis , Gillis Joann Zell , Schmajuk Gabriela , MacLean Catherine H. , Wofsy David , Yelin Edward ,   Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Quality Indicators Project Expert Panels
Published: February 2009

Objective

To systematically develop a quality indicator (QI) set for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

We used a validated process that combined available scientific evidence and expert consensus to develop a QI set for SLE. We extracted 20 candidate indicators from a systematic literature review of clinical practice guidelines pertaining to SLE. An advisory panel revised and augmented these candidate indicators and, through 2 rounds of voting, arrived at 25 QIs. These QIs advanced to the next phase of the project, in which we employed a modification of the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. A systematic review of the literature was performed for each QI, linking the proposed process of care to potential improved health outcomes. After reviewing this scientific evidence, a second interdisciplinary expert panel convened to discuss the evidence and provide final ratings on the validity and feasibility of each QI.

Results

The final expert panel rated 20 QIs as both valid and feasible. Areas covered included diagnosis, general preventive strategies (e.g., vaccinations, sun avoidance counseling, and screening for cardiovascular disease), osteoporosis prevention and treatment, drug toxicity monitoring, renal disease, and reproductive health.

Conclusion

We employed a rigorous multistep approach with systematic literature reviews and 2 expert panels to develop QIs for SLE. This new set of indicators provides an opportunity to assess health care quality in patients with SLE and represents an initial step toward the important goal of improving care in this patient population.
Rheumatoid arthritis, its treatments, and the risk of tuberculosis in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Brassard Paul , Lowe Anne‐Marie , Bernatsky Sasha , Kezouh Abbas , Suissa Samy
Published: February 2009

Objective

To determine the risk of tuberculosis (TB) among a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Quebec and assess whether this risk is associated with exposure to nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Methods

We studied a cohort of patients with RA identified from the Quebec provincial physician billing and hospitalization databases for 1980–2003. TB incidence rates were determined for the period 1992–2003 and compared with the general population, standardized for age and sex using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Conditional logistic regression was used in a nested case–control analysis to estimate the rate ratio (RR) of TB related to nonbiologic DMARD exposure during the year before the index date.

Results

Of the 24,282 patients with RA in the cohort, 50 cases of TB were identified. The standardized incidence rate was 45.8 cases per 100,000 person‐years compared with 4.2 cases per 100,000 person‐years in the general population of Quebec (SIR 10.9, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.9–15.0). The adjusted RR of TB was 2.4 (95% CI 1.1–5.4) with corticosteroid use and 3.0 (95% CI 1.6–5.8) with nonbiologic DMARD use.

Conclusion

The age‐ and sex‐standardized incidence rate of TB in RA patients is 10 times that of the general population. At least some of this risk may be related to nonbiologic DMARD and corticosteroid therapies. Our data support the role of TB screening before initiation of any immunosuppressive therapy.
Bacterial Glycoprofiling by Using Random Sequence Peptide Microarrays
Authors: Morales Betanzos Carlos , Gonzalez‐Moa Maria J. , Boltz Kathryn W. , Vander Werf Brian D. , Johnston Stephen Albert , Svarovsky Sergei A.
Published: February 2009

Microbial fingerprints: We screened bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on random sequence peptide microarrays (see scheme); the results revealed distinct binding patterns for different bacteria. Most of the LPS binding sequences, which resemble natural antimicrobial peptides showed growth inhibition activity. This technology paves the way for systematic investigation of disease‐associated changes in poorly defined complex glycobiomolecules.

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Current analytical methods have been slow in addressing the growing need for glyco‐analysis. A new generation of more empirical high‐throughput (HTP) tools is needed to aid the advance of this important field. To this end, we have developed a new HTP screening platform for identification of surface‐immobilized peptides that specifically bind O‐antigenic glycans of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This method involves screening of random sequence peptide libraries in addressable high‐density microarray format with the newly developed luminescent LPS–quantum dot micelles. Screening of LPS fractions from O111:B4 and O55:B5 serotypes of E. coli on a microarray consisting of 10 000 20‐mer peptide features revealed minor differences, while comparison of LPS from E. coli O111:B4 and P. aeruginosa produced sets of highly specific peptides. Peptides strongly binding to the E. coli LPS were highly enriched in aromatic and cationic amino acids, and most of these inhibited growth of E. coli. Flow cytometry and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments showed that some of these peptides bind LPS in‐solution with a Kd of 1.75 μM. Peptide selections against P. aeruginosa were largely composed of hydrogen‐bond forming amino acids in accordance with dramatic compositional differences in O‐antigenic glycans in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. While the main value of this approach lies in the ability to rapidly differentiate bacterial and possibly other complex glycans, the peptides discovered here can potentially be used off‐array as antiendotoxic and antimicrobial lead compounds, and on‐array/on‐bead as diagnostic and affinity reagents.
How to Build Molecules with Large Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Cirera Jordi , Ruiz Eliseo , Alvarez Santiago , Neese Frank , Kortus Jens
Published: February 2009

Predicting single‐molecule magnets? Magnetic anisotropy, a property that plays a key role in single‐molecule magnets (SMMs), has been analyzed by using theoretical methods. Mononuclear complexes and the dependence of the magnetic anisotropy on their geometrical and electronic structure, as well as how such mononuclear complexes must be combined as building blocks to obtain polynuclear complexes with large anisotropy (see figure) are considered.

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The magnetic anisotropy of mononuclear transition‐metal complexes has been studied by means of electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory. The variation of the zero‐field splitting (ZFS) parameters has been analyzed for the following characteristic distortions: a tetragonal Jahn–Teller distortion, the Bailar twist, the Berry pseudorotation, and the planarization of tetrahedral complexes. Finally, the coupling of mononuclear building blocks in polynuclear complexes to obtain a large negative magnetic anisotropy necessary to improve their single‐molecule‐magnet (SMM) behavior has been studied.
Chemical and Structural Properties of Carbonaceous Products Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Saccharides
Authors: Sevilla Marta , Fuertes Antonio B.
Published: February 2009

Carbon‐rich‐quick scheme: A carbon‐rich solid product made up of uniform micrometer‐sized spheres of tunable diameter has been synthesized by the hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides. These microspheres possess a core–shell chemical structure based on the different nature of the oxygen functionalities between the core and the outer layer (see figure).

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A carbon‐rich solid product, here denoted as hydrochar, has been synthesized by the hydrothermal carbonization of three different saccharides (glucose, sucrose, and starch) at temperatures ranging from 170 to 240 °C. This material is made up of uniform spherical micrometer‐sized particles that have a diameter in the 0.4–6 μm range, which can be modulated by modifying the synthesis conditions (i.e., the concentration of the aqueous saccharide solution, the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment, the reaction time, and type of saccharide). The formation of the carbon‐rich solid through the hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides is the consequence of dehydration, condensation, or polymerization and aromatization reactions. The microspheres thus obtained possess, from a chemical point of view, a core–shell structure consisting of a highly aromatic nucleus (hydrophobic) and a hydrophilic shell containing a high concentration of reactive oxygen functional groups (i.e., hydroxyl/phenolic, carbonyl, or carboxylic).
Enhanced Pd‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Olefins within Polymeric Microreactors under Organic/Aqueous Biphasic Conditions
Authors: Lan Yang , Zhang Minchao , Zhang Wangqing , Yang Li
Published: February 2009

A microreactor of hollow polymeric microspheres with Pd nanoparticles immobilized in its wall is designed for hydrogenation of olefins under organic/aqueous biphasic catalysis. The microreactor has an ability to encapsulate and concentrate olefins within the vacancy of the hollow microspheres in the aqueous phase, and therefore hydrogenation within the microreactors runs efficiently with concentrated reactants under organic/aqueous biphasic condition (see scheme).

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Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Addition of Aldehydes to N‐(Phenylmethylene)benzamides: Asymmetric Synthesis of the Paclitaxel Side Chain and Its Analogues
Authors: Dziedzic Pawel , Schyman Patric , Kullberg Martin , Córdova Armando
Published: February 2009

Easily side‐tracked: A simple route to the paclitaxel side chain and its analogues is based on the (R)‐proline‐catalyzed addition of aldehydes to N‐(phenylmethylene)benzamides, followed by oxidation of the resulting protected α‐hydroxy‐β‐benzoylaminoaldehydes (92–99 % ee). Esterification of the subsequent phenylisoserine derivatives with baccatin III gives paclitaxel analogues (see scheme).

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A simple highly enantioselective organocatalytic addition of aldehydes to N‐(phenylmethylene)benzamides is presented. The application of (R)‐proline as the catalyst and subsequent oxidation of the protected α‐hydroxy‐β‐benzoylaminoaldehydes (92–99 % ee) gives access to esterification‐ready phenylisoserine derivatives such as the protected paclitaxel (taxol) side chain. Esterification of these derivatives with baccatin III gives access to the cancer chemotherapeutic substance paclitaxel and its analogues that do not exist in nature.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Stability and Elastic and Electronic Properties of Rhenium Borides: First Principle Investigations.
Authors: Gou Huiyang , Wang Zhibin , Zhang Jingwu , Yan Shuting , Gao Faming
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Conversion of Layered Ruddlesden—Popper‐Related Structure Y2O3‐Doped Sr2CeO4 into Fast Oxide Ion‐Conducting Fluorite‐Type Y2O3‐Doped CeO3.
Authors: Gerlach Ryan Georg , Bhella Surinderjit Singh , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Electrical Resistivity of NdCo2Al8.
Authors: He Wei , Zhong Haichang , Liu Hongrui , Zhang Jiliang , Zeng Lingmin
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sintering, Chemical Stability and Electrical Conductivity of the Perovskite Proton Conductors BaCe0.45Zr0.45M0.1O3‐ δ (M: In, Y, Gd, Sm).
Authors: Lv Jingde , Wang Ling , Lei Dai , Guo Hongxia , Kumar R. V.
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Frustration and Spin Disorder in Isostructural M(μ‐OH2)2[Au(CN)2]2 (M: Mn, Fe, Co) Coordination Polymers Containing Double Aqua‐Bridged Chains: SQUID and μSR Studies.
Authors: Lefebvre Julie , Tyagi Pooja , Trudel Simon , Pacradouni Vighen , Kaiser Christina , Sonier Jeff E. , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magneto Transport Characterization of the Sn‐Doped TbMnO3 Manganites.
Authors: Pekala M. , Drozd V. , Fagnard J. F. , Vanderbemden Ph. , Ausloos M.
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Structure of Er6Ni2Sn.
Authors: Prokes K. , Sechovsky V. , Syshchenko O.
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of CuII and NiII Substituted Polytungstates and Molybdates.
Authors: Dey K. C. , Sharma V.
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetism of [n‐BuNH3]12 [Cu4(GeW9O34)2] ×14H2O Sandwiching a Rhomblike Cu48+ Tetragon Through α‐Keggin Linkage.
Authors: Yamase Toshihiro , Abe Hiroko , Ishikawa Eri , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Ohshima Yuhgo
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of a Novel Os(II)‐Supported Tungstoarsenate [HAsW7O28Os(dmso)3]6‐.
Authors: Bi Li‐Hua , Li Bao , Wu Li‐Xin , Shao Kui‐Zhan , Su Zhong‐Min
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nd2K2IrO7 and Sm2K2IrO7: Iridium(VI) Oxides Prepared under Ambient Pressure.
Authors: Mugavero Samuel J. III , Smith Mark D. , Yoon Won‐Sub , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Ketones with N‐Tosylimines Catalyzed by Bu3P and DMAP: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrrolidines and Azetidines.
Authors: Meng Ling‐Guo , Cai Peijie , Guo Qingxiang , Xue Song
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Encapsulated Molecular Catalysts in Polysiloxane Gels: Ruthenium Cluster‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Alkenes.
Authors: Motoyama Yukihiro , Abe Motonori , Kamo Kazuyuki , Kosako Yusuke , Nagashima Hideo
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Nonsymmetric Pincer‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Arylation of Benzyl Halides and Other Nonactivated Unusual Coupling Partners.
Authors: Ines Blanca , Moreno Isabel , SanMartin Raul , Dominguez Esther
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Methods for Chemoselective O‐tert‐Butoxycarbonylation of Phenols and Their Regeneration from the O‐t‐Boc Derivatives.
Authors: Chankeshwara Sunay V. , Chebolu Rajesh , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Amino/β‐Acetamido Carbonyl Compounds via ZrCl4‐Catalyzed Mannich‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Sanjeeva Reddy Cherkupally , Purnachandra Reddy Gurrala
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Elimination of β‐Thioalkoxy Alcohols under Mitsunobu Conditions. A New Synthesis of Conjugated Enynes from Propargylic Dithioacetals.
Authors: Chen Chih‐Wei , Luh Tien‐Yau
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Selectride‐Mediated Highly Diastereoselective Asymmetric Reductive Aldol Reaction: Access to an Important Subunit for Bioactive Molecules.
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Kass Jorden , Anderson David D. , Xu Xiaoming , Marian Christine
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of 1,2‐Amino Alcohols: TiCl3/t‐BuOOH‐Mediated Radical Hydroxymethylation of Imines.
Authors: Clerici Angelo , Ghilardi Alessandra , Pastori Nadia , Punta Carlo , Porta Ombretta
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino‐Sugar Modular Ligands—Useful Cores for the Formation of Asymmetric Copper 1,4‐Addition Catalysts.
Authors: De Roma Antonella , Ruffo Francesco , Woodward Simon
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrocarboxylation of Allenes with CO2 Catalyzed by Silyl Pincer‐Type Palladium Complex.
Authors: Takaya Jun , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening Reactions of Difluoro(methylene)cyclopropanes with Halogens and Amines.
Authors: Hang Xiao‐Chun , Chen Qing‐Yun , Xiao Ji‐Chang
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Lithiation of Methylenecyclobutanes.
Authors: Jiang Min , Shi Min
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enyne Cross‐Metathesis with Strained, Geminally‐Substituted Alkenes: Direct Access to Highly Substituted 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Clark Daniel A. , Basile Brenda S. , Karnofel William S. , Diver Steven T.
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective C—C Bond Activation of Allenyl Cyclobutanes: Access to Cyclohexenones with Quaternary Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Seiser Tobias , Cramer Nicolai
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Bicyclo[4.3.1]decadienes and Bicyclo[3.3.2]decadienes via [6 + 3] Trimethylenemethane Cycloaddition with Tropones.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , McDougall Patrick J. , Hartmann Olaf , Wathen Peter T.
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral Ionic Liquid [hmim]Br as a Green Reagent and Solvent for the Mild and Efficient Dehydration of Benzyl Alcohols into (E)‐Arylalkenes under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Abhishek , Sharma Naina , Kumar Vinod , Sinha Arun K.
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Allylic Cyanides to Ketoimines.
Authors: Yazaki Ryo , Nitabaru Tatsuya , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Reduction of Imines by NaBH4/Alumina under Solvent‐Free Conditions: An Efficient Route to Secondary Amine.
Authors: Kazemi Foad , Kiasat Ali Reza , Sarvestani Ebrahim
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Using 3‐Hydroxyazetidine Derivatives as Chiral Ligands.
Authors: Liu Ruochen , Bai Xuemei , Zhang Zhanbin , Zi Guofu
Published: February 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.