bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arşiv Belgelerinin Aranması Üzerine Anlamsal Arama Botu Geliştirilmesi ve Hukuki Terimler Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERTUĞRUL Mehmet , ÇELİK ULUSOY Demet
Published: April 2021

Arşivlerde tutulan belgeler tarihi öneme sahip olup; hukuki, siyasi, bilimsel, idari vb. nitelikte, maddi ve/veya manevi değeri olan ulusal ve hatta uluslararası niteliği olan veriler içerir. Günümüzde, arşivlerdeki belgeler, geleneksel belge arama zorlukları nedeniyle, dijital ortama aktarılarak, dijital arşiv katalogları, diğer adıyla arşiv yönetim sistemleri, oluşturulmuştur. Dijital kataloglar sayesinde, belgelerin yıpranmadan saklanması ve düzenlenmesi ve istenen bilgilere hızlı erişim için gerekli belgenin bulunması nispeten kolay hale geldi. Ayrıca, gerekli bir belgeyi talep eden diğer kuruluşlarla anında paylaşılabilmesi zaman ve usul ekonomisi sağlamış ve belge yönetimindeki sıkıntıları azaltmıştır. Ancak günümüz dijital kataloglar, Web 2.0 teknolojisi ile geliştirilmiş, sorgu tabanlı çalışan yazılımlardır. Bu tür sistemlerde ihtiyaç duyulan veriyi içeren belgenin taramasında söz dizimsel arama yapılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, ilgili belgenin bulunmasında ıskalamalar olabilmektedir. Özellikle, hukuki kavram içeren belge aramalarında, hem daha çok sayıda tarihsel nitelikli arşiv belgesi bulunması, hem de eski lügatlerin halen kullanılabilmesi nedeniyle, sistemden dönen belge sonuçları daha karmaşık veya ciddi belge ıskalamalarına neden olabilmekte ve bu durum, kullanıcıları ilgili belge bulmada zorlamaktadır. Oysa gelişen yapay zekâ teknolojisi sayesinde, bu katalogları akıllıca işletmek ve mevcut yapısını geliştirmek mümkündür. Anlamsal Web, meta veri depolamayı kolaylaştırarak ve bilgi alma sürecinin kalitesini artıran, anlamsal yetenekler ekleyerek mevcut dijital katalogları güçlendirebilir. Bu makalede, ontoloji ile biçimlendirilmiş olan arşiv belgeleri üzerinde anlamsal arama yapabilen bir yazılım botu sunulmaktadır. Bot, kural tabanlı çalışan anlamsal arama motoru olup, dijital kataloglar üzerinde yapılan veri taramasında kullanıcıların arama kelimelerini girdi kullanır. Bot, ontolojideki tüm kavramları, kavramsal bağları, türemiş kelime özelliği, eş anlamlı özelliği, tekil-çoğul ilişkisi vb. yapıları girdi kelimeler ile tarar ve aramayı zenginleştirir. Değerlendirme sürecinde, eski lügat dahil ederek hukuki terimler üzerinden bot ile çeşitli belge arama çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Daha sonra, söz dizimsel arama yapan başka iki dijital katalog üzerinde aynı terimler belge aramada tekrarlanmıştır, böylece; dönen sistem sonuçları kıyaslanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar umut verici olup, bot ’un mevcut kataloglar üzerinde uygulanabilirliğini, etkililiğini ve verimliliğini göstermektedir.
Desain dan analisis kontrol temperature mold pada mesin pencetak piring pelepah pohon palm
Authors: Safitri Hari Kurnia , Rifa'i Muhammad , Prakoso Ridho Agwan
Published: April 2021

Palm merupakan tumbuhan asli daerah tropis yang selama ini hanya dianggap sampah. Bentuknya yang besar dan kasar membuatnya sulit dibersihkan dan akhirnya pelepah pohon tersebut hanya akan di bakar oleh manusia sekitar tanpa ada ide memanfaatkan kembali pelepah palm tersebut menjadi produk bermanfaat dengan nilai jual tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penelitian guna menentukan parameter yang tepat untuk mencetak pelepah palm sebagai media piring dengan alat pencetak dan juga pelaksaan program 3R untuk penggunaan pelepah pohon palm sebagai media piring. Proses cetak menggunakan cara pemanasan lembaran pelepah palm dalam suatu cetakan, alat ini dilengkapi dengan pengaturan suhu yang dihubungkan dengan elemen pemanas. Dengan memberikan data input suhu yang diinginkan melalui menu yang tersedia, kemudian data tersebut diolah PLC untuk memanaskan elemen pemanas sesuai set poin dan hidrolis akan menekan secara otomatis hingga pelepah tercetak sempurna. Alat ini diujikan untuk mencetak piring dengan rentang suhu 80o ,100o,120o,150o. Dari hasil beberapa percobaan didapatkan suhu dan waktu yang terbaik yaitu suhu 120oC dan waktu 15 detik, dengan kondisi pelepah piring sudah pada keadaan tidak basah.

 

Palm is a plant native to the tropics which has been considered as garbage. Its large and rough shape makes it difficult to clean, in the end the tree fronds will only be burned by local people without any idea of ​​reusing the palm fronds into useful products with high selling value. This research aims to determine the parameters for printing palm fronds as plate media with a printer and also the implementation of the 3R program for the use of palm tree fronds as plate media. The printing process uses the way of heating the palm frond sheets in a mold, this tool is equipped with a temperature setting that is connected to a heating element. By providing data input the desired temperature through the available menu, the data is processed by the PLC to heat the heating element according to the set point and the hydraulic will automatically press until the frond is perfectly printed. This tool was tested for printing plates with a temperature range of 80,°, 100°, 120°, 150°. From the results of several experiments, it was found that the best temperature and time were 120°C and 15 seconds, with the plate kondition not wet.
Pengaruh Gelombang Ultrasonik pada Pembuatan Sabun Transparan dari Minyak Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) dan Minyak Ayam (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Santoso Aman , Fantusi Rohman , Marfu’ah Siti , Sumari Sumari
Published: April 2021

Transparent soap is synthesized from vegetable oils with alkaline bases through the saponification reaction with the addition of a transparent agent. The different material characteristics of coconut oil (Cocos nucifera) and chicken oil (Gallus domesticus) have the potential to produce unique transparent soap. Ultrasonic wave cavitation homogenizes the mixture and accelerates the reaction rate. The purpose of this research is to synthesize transparent soap from coconut oil and chicken oil and compared the soap produced using ultrasonic waves and with soap from the heating method. This experimental laboratory research was carried out with the stages of preparation and characterization of coconut oil and chicken oil, followed by saponification of coconut oil and chicken oil accompanied by ultrasonic waves. Characterization of the synthesized transparent soap. The results in this study indicate that soaps made from coconut oil are more transparent than those made from chicken oil, and soaps made with ultrasonic waves are more transparent than those made by normal heating. The ultrasonic transparent soap character of coconut oil has a moisture content of 22.02%, the non-saponified fraction 1.01%, insoluble part of alcohol by 1.79%, free alkaline by 0.04%, pH 9.35, and this is in accordance with SNI for soap except for its water content. Meanwhile, ultrasonic soap from chicken oil has a moisture content of 23.26%, non-saponified fraction 5.57%, the insoluble portion of alcohol was 4.69%, free alkaline 0.12%, pH 9.60, this is not in accordance with SNI soap. The soap produced by the ultrasonic method with coconut oil has the best character and has the most compatibility with SNI for solid soap.
Planning Advanced Treatment of Tap Water Consumption in Universitas Pertamina
Authors: Hasnaningrum Hafizha , Ridhosari Betanti , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: April 2021

The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Universitas Pertamina’s area is operating very well. The existence of a green campus program with a wastewater recycling indicator has become one of the challenges. Improving the WWTP effluent quality by adding an advanced treatment unit. This study aims to design advanced processing units and estimate the effluent yields and required costs. This study was conducted by conducting a field survey, collecting water quality data, and literature study. With planning discharge (Qpeak) of 8.45 m3 /hour, the land area required for the addition of advanced treatment is 105.85 m2 . Advanced treatment consists of 1 unit of Equalization Tank, 2 units of slow sand filter, 1 unit of sand washer, 2 units of microfiltration membrane, 1 disinfection body, and 2 reservoir units. These units it is expected to make effluent quality meets the drinking water quality standards with a TSS value of 0 mg/L, Ammonia (NH3-N) 0.35 mg/L, Organic Substances (KmnO4) 0.513 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 23 mg/L, and Total Coliform 0 Total/100 ml of sample. The total cost needed to build an advance treatment for tap water consumption is Rp 374,727,334.
Sintesis Nanofiber PVP dengan Ekstrak Basella rubra Linn. Menggunakan Metode Elektrospinning
Authors: Dewi Wulandari Kusuma , Indahsari Defi Nur , Prastuti Okky Putri , Septiani Eka Lutfi
Published: April 2021

An alternative wound dressing based on nanofiber mats have been developed recently. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity play an important role in wound healing process. This study aims to combine the properties of Bassela rubra Linn. (EBRL) extract into polivynil pyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers using the electrospinning method. The first step is to weigh 8 grams of basella rubra linn and wrap it in filter paper. Then extracted using 99% ethanol as a solvent at a temperature of ± 78 oC. The next step is to make nanofibers using the electrospinning method by weighing 8% wt of PVP (Polyvinyl pyrrolidone). Basella rubra linn extract as much as 2% wt, 5% wt and 8% wt in the solution into a syringe. Then assistance with the flow rate of 1 mL / hour, the distance between the spineret and the collector is 10 cm, coating the collector with aluminum foil, and providing 12kV voltage assistance. In the application of nanofibers with EBRL, a certain fiber size is required, so in this study, we observed the impact of EBRL on its diameter and distribution. This method begins by injecting PVP and EBRL solutions of various compositions into the collector in a set of electrospinning devices. The morphology of the nanoparticles was analyzed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) method. Differences in the composition of EBRL provide different diameter and diameter distribution. This can be constructed by the Taylor Cone form of the solution that is injected.
“A gripe espanhola como lição”: a pandemia de 1918-1919 nos jornais “O Globo” e “Folha de S. Paulo” (1941-2020)
Authors: El-Dine Lorenna Ribeiro Zem , Mello Vanessa Pereira da Silva e
Published: April 2021

A gripe espanhola, como ficou conhecida a pandemia de influenza de 1918-1919, tem sido recordada pelos veículos de mídia, especialmente durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Ao longo de 2020, os jornais estabeleceram paralelos entre as experiências subjetivas, os efeitos sociais e econômicos, e as medidas de isolamento social adotadas nos dois contextos. Neste artigo, analisamos as referências à pandemia de 1918-19 em “O Globo” e na “Folha de S. Paulo”, entre 1941 a 2020. Argumentamos que a gripe espanhola foi mencionada, nesse período, como parâmetro para outras epidemias, a partir do foco sobre o contágio e a letalidade da doença. Entretanto, durante a pandemia da Covid-19, os jornais destacaram aspectos históricos da gripe espanhola e valorizaram o diálogo com historiadoras e historiadores, desde uma perspectiva na qual a história figura como uma lição a ser observada no presente e no futuro pós-pandemia.
Restoration of Joint Inclination in Total Knee Arthroplasty Offers Little Improvement in Joint Kinematics in Neutrally Aligned Extremities
Authors: Wang Zhi-Wei , Wen Liang , Luan Yi-Chao , Ma De-Si , Dong Xiang , Cheng Cheng-Kung , Qu Tie-Bing
Published: April 2021

Kinematically aligned total knee replacements have been shown to better restore physiological kinematics than mechanical alignment and also offer good postoperative satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which an inclined joint line in a kinematically aligned knee can alter the postoperative kinematics. A multi-body dynamic simulation was used to identify kinematic changes in the joint. To accurately compare mechanical alignment, kinematic alignment and a natural knee, a “standard” patient with neutral alignment of the lower extremities was selected for modeling from a joint database. The arthroplasty models in this study were implanted with a single conventional cruciate-retaining prosthesis. Each model was subjected to a flexion movement and the anteroposterior translation of the femoral condyles was collected for kinematic analysis. The results showed that the mechanical alignment model underwent typical paradoxical anterior translation of the femoral condyles. Incorporating an inclined joint line in the model did not prevent the paradoxical anterior translation, but a 3° varus joint line in the kinematic alignment model could reduce the peak value of this motion by about 1 mm. Moreover, the inclined joint line did not restore the motion curve back to within the range of the kinematic curve of the natural knee. The results of this study suggest that an inclined joint line, as in the kinematic alignment model, can slightly suppress paradoxical anterior translation of the femoral condyles, but cannot restore kinematic motions similar to the physiological knee. This finding implies that prostheses intended to be used for kinematic alignment should be designed to optimize knee kinematics with the intention of restoring a physiological motion curve.
Current Status and Limitations of Myocardial Infarction Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Translational Research
Authors: Shin Hye Sook , Shin Heather Hyeyoon , Shudo Yasuhiro
Published: April 2021

Establishing an appropriate disease model that mimics the complexities of human cardiovascular disease is critical for evaluating the clinical efficacy and translation success. The multifaceted and complex nature of human ischemic heart disease is difficult to recapitulate in animal models. This difficulty is often compounded by the methodological biases introduced in animal studies. Considerable variations across animal species, modifications made in surgical procedures, and inadequate randomization, sample size calculation, blinding, and heterogeneity of animal models used often produce preclinical cardiovascular research that looks promising but is irreproducible and not translatable. Moreover, many published papers are not transparent enough for other investigators to verify the feasibility of the studies and the therapeutics’ efficacy. Unfortunately, successful translation of these innovative therapies in such a closed and biased research is difficult. This review discusses some challenges in current preclinical myocardial infarction research, focusing on the following three major inhibitors for its successful translation: Inappropriate disease model, frequent modifications to surgical procedures, and insufficient reporting transparency.
Climate-Fungal Pathogen Modeling Predicts Loss of Up to One-Third of Tea Growing Areas
Authors: Tibpromma Saowaluck , Dong Yang , Ranjitkar Sailesh , Schaefer Douglas A. , Karunarathna Samantha C. , Hyde Kevin D. , Jayawardena Ruvishika S. , Manawasinghe Ishara S. , Bebber Daniel P. , Promputtha Itthayakorn , Xu Jianchu , Mortimer Peter E. , Sheng Jun
Published: April 2021

Climate change will affect numerous crops in the future; however, perennial crops, such as tea, are particularly vulnerable. Climate change will also strongly influence fungal pathogens. Here, we predict how future climatic conditions will impact tea and its associated pathogens. We collected data on the three most important fungal pathogens of tea (Colletotrichum acutatum, Co. camelliae, and Exobasidium vexans) and then modeled distributions of tea and these fungal pathogens using current and projected climates. The models show that baseline tea-growing areas will become unsuitable for Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (15 to 32% loss) and C. sinensis var. assamica (32 to 34% loss) by 2050. Although new areas will become more suitable for tea cultivation, existing and potentially new fungal pathogens will present challenges in these areas, and they are already under other land-use regimes. In addition, future climatic scenarios suitable range of fungal species and tea suitable cultivation (respectively in CSS and CSA) growing areas are Co. acutatum (44.30%; 31.05%), Co. camelliae (13.10%; 10.70%), and E. vexans (10.20%; 11.90%). Protecting global tea cultivation requires innovative approaches that consider fungal genomics as part and parcel of plant pathology.
CDK4 Amplification in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated With Better Patient Outcome
Authors: Huang Jie , Wang Xiang , Zhang Xue , Chen Weijie , Luan Lijuan , Song Qi , Wang Hao , Liu Jia , Xu Lei , Xu Yifan , Shen Licheng , Tan Lijie , Jiang Dongxian , Su Jieakesu , Hou Yingyong
Published: April 2021

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic values ofCDK4amplification and improve the risk stratification in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.CDK4amplification was analyzed by fluorescencein situhybridization using tissue microarray consisting of representative tissues of 520 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and its correlation with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes were evaluated.CDK4amplification was found in 8.5% (44/520) of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.CDK4amplification was negatively correlated with disease progression (P= 0.003) and death (P= 0.006). Patients withCDK4amplification showed a significantly better disease-free survival (P= 0.016) and overall survival (P= 0.023) compared with those patients withoutCDK4amplification. When patients were further stratified into I–II stage groups and III–IV stage groups,CDK4amplification was significantly associated with both better disease-free survival (P= 0.023) and overall survival (P= 0.025) in the I–II stage group rather than the III–IV stage group. On univariate and multivariate analysis, invasive depth andCDK4amplification were associated with disease-free survival and overall survival. Taken together,CDK4amplification was identified as an independent prognostic factor for survival, which could be incorporated into the tumor–node–metastasis staging system to refine risk stratification of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Exposure of Platelets to Dengue Virus and Envelope Protein Domain III Induces Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Dependent Platelet Cell Death and Thrombocytopenia in Mice
Authors: Lien Te-Sheng , Chan Hao , Sun Der-Shan , Wu Jhen-Cheng , Lin You-Yen , Lin Guan-Ling , Chang Hsin-Hou
Published: April 2021

In tropical and subtropical regions, mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV) infections can lead to severe dengue, also known as dengue hemorrhage fever, which causes bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and blood plasma leakage and increases mortality. Although DENV-induced platelet cell death was linked to disease severity, the role of responsible viral factors and the elicitation mechanism of abnormal platelet activation and cell death remain unclear. DENV and virion-surface envelope protein domain III (EIII), a cellular binding moiety of the virus particle, highly increase during the viremia stage. Our previous report suggested that exposure to such viremia EIII levels can lead to cell death of endothelial cells, neutrophils, and megakaryocytes. Here we found that both DENV and EIII could induce abnormal platelet activation and predominantly necrotic cell death pyroptosis. Blockages of EIII-induced platelet signaling using the competitive inhibitor chondroitin sulfate B or selective Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitors OLT1177 and Z-WHED-FMK markedly ameliorated DENV- and EIII-induced thrombocytopenia, platelet activation, and cell death. These results suggest that EIII could be considered as a virulence factor of DENV, and that Nlrp3 inflammasome is a feasible target for developing therapeutic approaches against dengue-induced platelet defects.
Self-Treatment of Posterior Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Gan Zhuangqin , Zhou Shiling , Yang Hui , He Feng , Wei Dong , Bai Ya , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Yingxia , Fu Wei , Han Junliang
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate a modified Epley maneuver for self-treatment of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV).

Methods: The study recruited 155 patients with PC-BPPV. All patients were randomized into the Epley maneuver group (n = 77) and modified Epley maneuver group (n = 78). We analyzed the resolution rate (1 day and 1 week), residual symptoms after the maneuver, and adverse effects.

Results: It was found that the modified Epley maneuver group had a higher resolution rate than that of the Epley maneuver group in the treatment of PC-BPPV after 1 day of the initial maneuver (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in resolution rate between the Epley maneuver group and the modified Epley maneuver group in resolution rate after 1 week of the initial maneuver (p > 0.05). The modified Epley maneuver group had fewer residual symptoms than that of the Epley maneuver group 1 week after treatment of PC-BPPV (p < 0.05). Significant improvements were also observed in average DHI scores in patients who underwent the modified Epley maneuver compared to the Epley maneuver (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse effects between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: The modified Epley maneuver has a satisfactory therapeutic efficacy with less residual symptoms and could be recommended as a self-treatment for patients with PC-BPPV.
Imaging Features by Machine Learning for Quantification of Optic Disc Changes and Impact on Choroidal Thickness in Young Myopic Patients
Authors: Sun Dandan , Du Yuchen , Chen Qiuying , Ye Luyao , Chen Huai , Li Menghan , He Jiangnan , Zhu Jianfeng , Wang Lisheng , Fan Ying , Xu Xun
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To construct quantifiable models of imaging features by machine learning describing early changes of optic disc and peripapillary region, and to explore their performance as early indicators for choroidal thickness (ChT) in young myopic patients.

Methods: Eight hundred and ninety six subjects were enrolled. Imaging features were extracted from fundus photographs. Macular ChT (mChT) and peripapillary ChT (pChT) were measured on swept-source optical coherence tomography scans. All participants were divided randomly into training (70%) and test (30%) sets. Imaging features correlated with ChT were selected by LASSO regression and combined into new indicators of optic disc (IODs) for mChT (IOD_mChT) and for pChT (IOD_pChT) by multivariate regression models in the training set. The performance of IODs was evaluated in the test set.

Results: A significant correlation between IOD_mChT and mChT (r = 0.650, R2 = 0.423, P < 0.001) was found in the test set. IOD_mChT was negatively associated with axial length (AL) (r = −0.562, P < 0.001) and peripapillary atrophy (PPA) area (r = −0.738, P < 0.001) and positively associated with ovality index (r = 0.503, P < 0.001) and torsion angle (r = 0.242, P < 0.001) in the test set. Every 1 × 10 μm decrease in IOD_mChT was associated with an 8.87 μm decrease in mChT. A significant correlation between IOD_pChT and pChT (r = 0.576, R2 = 0.331, P < 0.001) was found in the test set. IOD_pChT was negatively associated with AL (r = −0.478, P < 0.001) and PPA area (r = −0.651, P < 0.001) and positively associated with ovality index (r = 0.285, P < 0.001) and torsion angle (r = 0.180, P < 0.001) in the test set. Every 1 × 10 μm decrease in IOD_pChT was associated with a 9.64 μm decrease in pChT.

Conclusions: The study introduced a machine learning approach to acquire imaging information of early changes of optic disc and peripapillary region and constructed quantitative models significantly correlated with choroidal thickness. The objective models from fundus photographs represented a new approach that offset limitations of human annotation and could be applied in other areas of fundus diseases.
An Overview of Asthma and COVID-19: Protective Factors Against SARS-COV-2 in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Liuzzo Scorpo Maria , Ferrante Giuliana , La Grutta Stefania
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-COV-2. Aberrant innate immunity response and cytokine storm are responsible for the syndrome. Apparently, in asthmatic patients, the inadequate antiviral immune response and the tendency for asthma exacerbation evoked by common respiratory viruses could explain increased susceptibility to SARS-COV-2 infection. However, asthma has not been suggested to be a risk factor in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, in asthmatic patients some potential protective mechanisms against SARS-COV-2 have been hypothesized, like type 2 immune response, number of eosinophils, overproduction of mucus, and asthma treatment, along with behavioral factors not strictly related to asthma, such as social distancing, hygiene measures and wearing facemasks, that contribute to reduce the individual susceptibility to SARS-COV-2 infection. In this mini-review, we will describe the current literature regarding potential protective factors against COVID-19 in children with asthma based on the evidence available so far.
The Protective Effects of Sulforaphane on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice Through Browning of White Fat
Authors: Liu Yaoli , Fu Xiazhou , Chen Zhiyong , Luo Tingting , Zhu Chunxia , Ji Yaoting , Bian Zhuan
Published: April 2021

Background: Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate naturally occurring in cruciferous vegetables, is a potent indirect antioxidant and a promising agent for the control of metabolic disorder disease. The glucose intolerance and adipogenesis induced by diet in rats was inhibited by SFN. Strategies aimed at induction of brown adipose tissue (BAT) could be a potentially useful way to against obesity. However, in vivo protective effect of SFN against obesity by browning white adipocyte has not been reported. Our present study is aimed at evaluation the efficacy of the SFN against the high-fat induced-obesity mice and investigating the potential mechanism.

Methods: High-Fat Diet-induced obese female C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with SFN (10 mg/kg) daily. Body weight was recorded every 3 days. 30 days later, glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed. At the end of experiment, fat mass were measured and the adipogenesis as well as browning associated genes expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot. Histological examination of the adipose tissue samples were carried out with hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence staining method. In vitro, pre-adipocytes C3H10T1/2 were treated with SFN to investigate the direct effects on adipogenesis.

Results: SFN suppressed HFD-induced body weight gain and reduced the size of fat cells in mice. SFN suppressed the expression of key genes in adipogenesis, inhibited lipid accumulation in C3H10T1/2 cells, increased the expression of brown adipocyte-specific markers and mitochondrial biogenesis in vivo and in vitro, and decreased cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress. These results suggested that SFN, as a nutritional factor, has great potential role in the battle against obesity by inducing the browning of white fat.

Conclusion: SFN could significantly decrease the fat mass, and improve glucose metabolism and increase insulin sensitivity of HFD-induced obese mice by promoting the browning of white fat and enhancing the mitochondrial biogenesis in WAT. Our study proves that SFN could serve as a potential medicine in anti-obesity and related diseases.
Autophagy is Involved in Neuroprotective Effect of Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xu Zhe-Qi , Zhang Jing-Jing , Kong Ni , Zhang Guang-Yu , Ke Ping , Han Ting , Su Ding-Feng , Liu Chong
Published: April 2021

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) belongs to the superfamily of cys loop cationic ligand-gated channels, which consists of homogeneous α7 subunits. Although our lab found that activation of α7nAChR could alleviate ischemic stroke, the mechanism is still unknown. Herein, we explored whether autophagy is involved in the neuroprotective effect mediated by α7nAChR in ischemic stroke. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD/R) exposure were applied toin vivoandin vitromodels of ischemic stroke, respectively. Neurological deficit score and infarct volume were used to evaluate outcomes of tMCAO in thein vivostudy. Autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot, and autophagy flux was detected by using tandem fluorescent mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus. At 24 h after tMCAO, α7nAChR knockout mice showed worse neurological function and larger infarct volume than wild-type mice. PNU282987, an α7nAChR agonist, protected against OGD/R-induced neuronal injury, enhanced autophagy, and promoted autophagy flux. However, the beneficial effects of PNU282987 were eliminated by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor. Moreover, we found that PNU282987 treatment could activate the AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway in thein vitrostudy, while the effect was attenuated by compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Our results demonstrated that the beneficial effect on neuronal survival via activation of α7nAChR was associated with enhanced autophagy, and the AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway was involved in α7nAChR activation–mediated neuroprotection.
Methodological Variations Contributing to Heterogenous Ergogenic Responses to Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: O'Brien Liam , Jacobs Ira
Published: April 2021

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been repeatedly reported to augment maximal exercise performance over a range of exercise durations and modalities. However, an examination of the relevant literature indicates that the reproducibility and robustness of ergogenic responses to this technique are variable, confounding expectations about the magnitude of its effects. Considerable variability among study methodologies may contribute to the equivocal responses to IPC. This review focuses on the wide range of methodologies used in IPC research, and how such variability likely confounds interpretation of the interactions of IPC and exercise. Several avenues are recommended to improve IPC methodological consistency, which should facilitate a future consensus about optimizing the IPC protocol, including due consideration of factors such as: location of the stimulus, the time between treatment and exercise, individualized tourniquet pressures and standardized tourniquet physical characteristics, and the incorporation of proper placebo treatments into future study designs.
Metabolic Complications in Cardiac Aging
Authors: Sithara Thomas , Drosatos Konstantinos
Published: April 2021

Aging is a process that can be accompanied by molecular and cellular alterations that compromise cardiac function. Although other metabolic disorders with increased prevalence in aged populations, such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, are associated with cardiovascular complications; aging-related cardiomyopathy has some unique features. Healthy hearts oxidize fatty acids, glucose, lactate, ketone bodies, and amino acids for producing energy. Under physiological conditions, cardiac mitochondria use fatty acids and carbohydrate mainly to generate ATP, 70% of which is derived from fatty acid oxidation (FAO). However, relative contribution of nutrients in ATP synthesis is altered in the aging heart with glucose oxidation increasing at the expense of FAO. Cardiac aging is also associated with impairment of mitochondrial abundance and function, resulting in accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of oxidant signaling that eventually leads to further mitochondrial damage and aggravation of cardiac function. This review summarizes the main components of pathophysiology of cardiac aging, which pertain to cardiac metabolism, mitochondrial function, and systemic metabolic changes that affect cardiac function.
Influence of Age and Phylogenetic Background on Blood Parameters Associated With Bone Metabolism in Laying Hens
Authors: Habig Christin , Weigend Annett , Baulain Ulrich , Petow Stefanie , Weigend Steffen
Published: April 2021

The high laying performance of today’s laying hens places enormous demands on their mineral metabolism. While up-to-date data are rare, the present study aimed to describe blood parameters associated with egg laying and bone metabolism during the pre-laying period, in the course of the laying period and the daily egg laying cycle. Ten to 15 laying hens of two high-performing, phylogenetically divergent lines (BLA: brown-egg layer; WLA: white-egg layer), kept in single cages were blood sampled at 17, 25, 29, 49, and 69 weeks of age. Sampling was made at 6 a.m., 10 a.m., 2 p.m. and, with the exception of week 17, 6 p.m. Blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of total and ionized calcium, inorganic phosphate (PO4), markers of bone formation (osteocalcin) and resorption [carboxyterminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I)], 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) and estradiol-17β. In the pre-laying period (17 week), the estradiol-17β level calculated for WLA was more than twice as high as the level calculated for BLA, while no significant difference could be observed in the laying period (25 to 69 weeks). BLA hens had significantly higher total calcium concentrations at 49 weeks of age as well as up to twice as high levels of osteocalcin and 25(OH)D3 than WLA at any time of the day from 25 to 69 weeks of age. While osteocalcin, CTX-I and 25(OH)D3 concentrations were significantly higher before the onset of lay, total calcium and estradiol-17β levels significantly increased from 17 to 69 weeks of age. In contrast, PO4 values varied only slightly during the experimental period and ionized calcium was highest at 17 and 49 weeks of age and lowest around peak production (29 week). In the course of the daily egg laying cycle blood concentrations clearly reflected the stage of egg formation. Our results provide up-to-date data of bone- and egg laying-associated blood parameters of two contemporary purebred layer lines over the course of the pre- and egg-laying period and the daily egg laying cycle. Differences between brown- and white-egg layers raise questions, whether phylogenetic background determines their efficiency to cope with high calcium demands relating to egg production.
Assessment and Models of Insect Damage to Cones and Seeds of Pinus strobiformis in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico
Authors: Leal-Sáenz Alejandro , Waring Kristen M. , Álvarez-Zagoya Rebeca , Hernández-Díaz José Ciro , López-Sánchez Carlos A. , Martínez-Guerrero José Hugo , Wehenkel Christian
Published: April 2021

Insect damage to cones and seeds has a strong impact on the regeneration of conifer forest ecosystems, with broader implications for ecological and economic services. Lack of control of insect populations can lead to important economic and environmental losses. Pinus strobiformis is the most widespread of the white pines in Mexico and is widely distributed throughout the mountains of northern Mexico. Relatively few studies have examined insect damage to the cones and seeds of these pines, especially in Mexico. In this study, we therefore analyzed insect damage to cones and seeds of P. strobiformis in Mexico by using X-ray and stereomicroscopic analysis. The specific objectives of the study were (a) to characterize insect damage by measuring external and internal cone traits, (b) to assess the health of seeds and cones of P. strobiformis in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico, and (c) to estimate the relative importance of the effects of different environmental variables on cone and seed damage caused by insects. We found that 80% of P. strobiformis seeds and 100% of the tree populations studied had damage caused by insects. Most seeds were affected by Leptoglossus occidentalis, Tetyra bipunctata, Megastigmus albifrons, and the Lepidoptera complex (which includes Apolychrosis synchysis, Cydia latisigna, Eucosma bobana, and Dioryctria abietivorella). The cones of all tree populations were affected by some type of insect damage, with Lepidoptera causing most of the damage (72%), followed by Conophthorus ponderosae (15%), the hemipteran L. occidentalis (7%), and the wasp M. albifrons (6%). The proportion of incomplete seeds in P. strobiformis at the tree level, cone damage by M. albifrons and seed damage in L. occidentalis were associated with various climate and soil variables and with crown dieback. Thus, cone and seed insect damage can be severe and potentially impact seed production in P. strobiformis and the reforestation potential of the species. The study findings will enable managers to better identify insects that cause damage to cone and seeds. In addition, identification of factors associated with damage may be useful for predicting the levels of insect predation on seeds and cones.
Individualism, Competitiveness, and Fear of Negative Evaluation in Pre-adolescents: Does the Teacher’s Controlling Style Matter?
Authors: Salazar-Ayala Carla Mariela , Gastélum-Cuadras Gabriel , Huéscar Hernández Elisa , Núñez Enríquez Oscar , Barrón Luján Juan Cristóbal , Moreno-Murcia Juan Antonio
Published: April 2021

The traditional teaching style in which the teacher is in control and there is a submissive attitude in students is predominant in Mexico. The development of identity in preadolescence is subjected to social groups, which could develop interpersonal difficulties through the controlling teaching style. Although the fear of negative evaluation in students and competitive sport has been studied in education, relatively little research has been done in the area of physical education in relation to the controlling style. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation and predictive relationship between controlling teaching and the fear of negative evaluation mediated by the frustration of the basic psychological needs (BPN), controlled motivation, and individualism/competitiveness through the theoretical framework of self-determination theory. Participants were 1132 students in the fifth and sixth grades in public elementary schools in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, with ages between 10 and 13 (M = 10.51 years; SD = 0.66 years). Results indicate the perceived controlling teaching style positively predicted the fear of negative evaluation in students of this study through BPN frustration, that is positively related to low-quality motivation, which is related to a higher level of individualism/competitiveness. This, in turn, is proven to be a predictor of the fear of negative evaluation. The results also discuss the promotion of the autonomy support style, avoiding the controlling teaching style, for the minimization of negative results related to the perception of fear and the development of student well-being both within and beyond the school context.
The Child Emotion Facial Expression Set: A Database for Emotion Recognition in Children
Authors: Negrão Juliana Gioia , Osorio Ana Alexandra Caldas , Siciliano Rinaldo Focaccia , Lederman Vivian Renne Gerber , Kozasa Elisa Harumi , D'Antino Maria Eloisa Famá , Tamborim Anderson , Santos Vitor , de Leucas David Leonardo Barsand , Camargo Paulo Sergio , Mograbi Daniel C. , Mecca Tatiana Pontrelli , Schwartzman José Salomão
Published: April 2021

Background: This study developed a photo and video database of 4-to-6-year-olds expressing the seven induced and posed universal emotions and a neutral expression. Children participated in photo and video sessions designed to elicit the emotions, and the resulting images were further assessed by independent judges in two rounds.

Methods: In the first round, two independent judges (1 and 2), experts in the Facial Action Coding System, firstly analysed 3,668 emotions facial expressions stimuli from 132 children. Both judges reached 100% agreement regarding 1,985 stimuli (124 children), which were then selected for a second round of analysis between judges 3 and 4.

Results: The result was 1,985 stimuli (51% of the photographs) were produced from 124 participants (55% girls). A Kappa index of 0.70 and an accuracy of 73% between experts were observed. Lower accuracy was found for emotional expression by 4-year-olds than 6-year-olds. Happiness, disgust and contempt had the highest agreement. After a sub-analysis evaluation of all four judges, 100% agreement was reached for 1,381 stimuli which compound the ChildEFES database with 124 participants (59% girls) and 51% induced photographs. The number of stimuli of each emotion were: 87 for neutrality, 363 for happiness, 170 for disgust, 104 for surprise, 152 for fear, 144 for sadness, 157 for anger 157, and 183 for contempt.

Conclusions: The findings show that this photo and video database can facilitate research on the mechanisms involved in early childhood recognition of facial emotions in children, contributing to the understanding of facial emotion recognition deficits which characterise several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
A Curriculum for Achieving Universal Health Care: A Case Study of Ateneo de Zamboanga University School of Medicine
Authors: Guignona Monserrat , Halili Servando , Cristobal Fortunato , Woolley Torres , Reeve Carole , Ross Simone Jacquelyn , Neusy André-Jacques
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Universal Health Care requires equal distribution of a health workforce equipped with competencies appropriate for local population needs. While health inequities persist in the Philippines, the Ateneo de Zamboanga University School of Medicine (ADZU-SOM) in Zamboanga Peninsula – an impoverished and underserved region – has demonstrated significant success retaining graduates and improving local health statistics. This study describes the qualitative evidence of ADZU-SOM students and graduates having positive impacts on local health services and communities, and the contextual factors associated with the school's socially-accountable mission and curriculum that contribute to these impacts.

Methods: This qualitative study involved 41 one-on-one or group interviews conducted across seven participant groups (faculty, graduates, final-year students, health professionals, health workers, community members, community leaders). Gale et al's method for analyzing qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research, WHO's “6 Building Blocks for quality health systems” framework and THEnet's social-accountability framework were used to organize and interpret data.

Results: Local community members, community leaders, and health staff consistently reported examples of ADZU-SOM students and graduate doctors developing health infrastructure and providing health education, health promotion, and disease prevention activities accessible to all population groups. Students and graduates suggested these impacts were due to a number of factors, including how ADZU-SOM's sandwich model of longitudinal community-engagement culminating in 10-months continuous community placement in the final year helped them develop a strong motivation for community service, the teachings and curriculum activities that focused on public health and the social determinants of health, and faculty's commitment and ability to operationalize ADZU-SOM's mission and values. Staff also reported impacts were driven by integration of regional and national health priorities as core curriculum, and involving local stakeholders in curriculum development.

Conclusions: This study provides qualitative evidence that ADZU-SOM's curriculum content and immersive community placements are training a medical workforce that is strengthening local health systems and health infrastructure across all 6 WHO “Building Blocks for quality health systems.” These findings suggest ADZU-SOM has managed to evolve a consciousness toward community service among final year students and graduates, adding evidence to the assertion it is a fully socially-accountable health professions institution.
Prevalence of High Risk HPV in HIV-Infected Women From Belém, Pará, Amazon Region of Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Monteiro Jacqueline Cortinhas , Fonseca Ricardo Roberto de Souza , Ferreira Tuane Carolina de Sousa , Rodrigues Luana Lorena Silva , da Silva Andreza Reis Brasil , Gomes Samara Tatielle , Silvestre Rodrigo Vellasco Duarte , Silva Andréa Nazaré Monteiro Rangel , Pamplona Ilze , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário , Ishak Ricardo , Machado Luiz Fernando Almeida
Published: April 2021

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using a commercial system. The prevalence of HPV infection was 63.3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40.4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level, and who reported use condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women.
Sleep Characteristics of Highly Trained Wheelchair Rugby Athletes With and Without a Cervical Spinal Cord Injury During the Competitive Season
Authors: Murphy Conor J. , Hartescu Iuliana , Roberts Ifan E. , Leicht Christof A. , Goosey-Tolfrey Vicky L.
Published: April 2021

Sleep behaviors although significantly relevant to exercise recovery are poorly characterized in Para-sport athletes. Therefore, the main aims of this study were to describe sleep quality and quantity of highly trained wheelchair rugby (WR) athletes during the competitive season, and to investigate whether impairment type or attending a training camp influenced sleep outcomes. Eighteen male WR athletes (mean ± SD; age: 30 ± 5 years) with cervical spinal cord injuries (n = 11) (CSCI) and without (n = 7) (NON-SCI) wore an activity monitor over a 16-day period to objectively quantify sleep parameters, while the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and nightly sleep diary entries were used as subjective means. A sub-sample of the athletes (n = 11) had their sleep monitored during a 3-night training camp to assess the impact of environmental change on sleep. Furthermore, as an additional exploratory measure core temperature was measured for a single night-time period using ingestible telemetry capsules. The athletes had total sleep times and sleep efficiency scores of 7.06 (1.30) h.min [median (interquartile range)] and 81 (9)%, respectively. Sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset were 13 (24) min and 1.11 (0.45) h.min, respectively. No significant differences were found in objective sleep variables between the impairment groups despite the CSCI group being significantly more likely to report a poorer night's sleep (p = 0.04). Furthermore, attending the training camp caused a significant reduction in total sleep time for both groups [Δ38 ± 33 min; (95% CI: 18–60 min) p < 0.01]. This study highlights suboptimal sleep characteristics that are present in both CSCI and NON-SCI wheelchair athletes, as defined by the National Sleep Foundation. Although objective scores did not differ between groups, athletes with a CSCI rated their sleep worse. Furthermore, the disruption of sleep during training camp reflects an additional risk factor that is important to recognize for those working with wheelchair athletes.