bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Cohort Study of Muscular and Performance Fitness and Incident Glaucoma: The Niigata Wellness Study
Authors: Kawakami Ryoko , Gando Yuko , Kato Kiminori , Sawada Susumu S. , Momma Haruki , Miyachi Motohiko , Lee I-Min , Blair Steven N. , Tashiro Minoru , Horikawa Chika , Matsubayashi Yasuhiro , Yamada Takaho , Fujihara Kazuya , Sone Hirohito
Published: October 2020

Background: To examine the association between muscular and performance fitness (MPF) and the incidence of glaucoma. Methods: A total of 27,051 glaucoma-free participants aged 20–87 years underwent physical fitness tests between April 2001 and March 2002. The MPF index was calculated using an age- and sex-specific summed z-score from grip strength, vertical jump, single-leg balance, forward bending, and whole-body reaction time. The participants were divided into quartiles according to the MPF index and each physical fitness test. Participants were followed up for the development of glaucoma, which was defined based on physician-diagnosed glaucoma at an annual health examination between April 2002 and March 2008. Hazard ratios for the incidence of glaucoma were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: During follow-up, 303 participants developed glaucoma. Compared with the lowest MPF index group, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of developing glaucoma was 0.64 (0.46–0.89) for the highest MPF index group (P for trend = .001). Vertical jump and whole-body reaction time were associated with incident glaucoma (P for trend = .01 and <.001, respectively). There were no associations between the other physical fitness tests and the incidence of glaucoma. Conclusion: Higher MPF is associated with lower incidence of glaucoma.
Dynamic Balance Measures in Healthy and Chronic Ankle Instability Participants While Wearing Ankle Braces: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Reyburn Robert J. , Powden Cameron J.
Published: October 2020

Context: Ankle braces have been theorized to augment dynamic balance. Objectives: To complete a systematic review with meta-analysis of the available literature assessing the effect of ankle braces on dynamic balance in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). Evidence Acquisition: Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception to October 2019 using combinations of keywords related to dynamic balance, ankle braces, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Y-Balance Test (YBT), and Time to Stabilization. Inclusion criteria required that studies examined the effects of ankle braces on dynamic balance. Studies were excluded if they evaluated other conditions besides CAI, did not access dynamic balance, or did not use an ankle brace. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The level of evidence was assessed using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy. The magnitude of brace effects on dynamic balance was examined using Hedges g effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize SEBT/YBT and Time to Stabilization data separately. Data Synthesis: Seven studies were included with a median Physiotherapy Evidence Database score of 60% (range 50%–60%), and 4 were classified as high quality. Overall meta-analysis indicated a weak to no effect of braces on SEBT/YBT (ES = 0.117; 95% CI, −0.080 to 0.433; P = .177) and Time to Stabilization (ES = −0.064; 95% CI, −0.211 to 0.083, P = .083). Subanalysis of SEBT/YBT measures indicated a weak negative effect in healthy participants (ES = −0.116; 95% CI, −0.209 to −0.022, P = .015) and a strong positive effect in individuals with CAI (ES = 0.777; 95% CI, 0.418 to 1.136; P < .001). Conclusion: The current literature supports a strong effect of ankle braces on the SEBT/YBT in those with CAI. However, little to no dynamic balance changes were noted in healthy participants. Future research should include consistent ankle brace types, pathologic populations, and the examination of dynamic balance changes contribution to injury risk reduction.
ERG11
Polymorphism in Voriconazole-Resistant Candida tropicalis: Weak Role of
ERG11
Expression, Ergosterol Content, and Membrane Permeability
Authors: Navarro-Rodríguez Patricia , López-Fernández Loida , Martin-Vicente Adela , Guarro Josep , Capilla Javier
Published: October 2020

Mutations in
ERG11
were detected by gene sequencing and amino acid alignment in 18
Candida tropicalis
strains with different degrees of sensitivity to voriconazole (VRC).
ERG11
expression, sterol content, and membrane permeability were also evaluated. We report three missense mutations in
ERG11
that resulted in resistance to VRC. The transcriptional levels of
ERG11
as well as the ergosterol content and membrane permeability demonstrated no correlation to only a slight correlation with the obtained MIC values, but the data did suggest a tendency toward such a correlation.
Small-Molecule Antibiotics Inhibiting tRNA-Regulated Gene Expression Is a Viable Strategy for Targeting Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Väre Ville Y. P. , Schneider Ryan F. , Kim Haein , Lasek-Nesselquist Erica , McDonough Kathleen A. , Agris Paul F.
Published: October 2020

Bacterial infections and the rise of antibiotic resistance, especially multidrug resistance, have generated a clear need for discovery of novel therapeutics. We demonstrated that a small-molecule drug, PKZ18, targets the T-box mechanism and inhibits bacterial growth. The T-box is a structurally conserved riboswitch-like gene regulator in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of numerous essential genes of Gram-positive bacteria. T-boxes are stabilized by cognate, unacylated tRNA ligands, allowing the formation of an antiterminator hairpin in the mRNA that enables transcription of the gene.
Social network strategy as a promising intervention to better reach key populations for promoting HIV prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Xing , Fang Ting , Mobarak Siam AI , Wang Jing , Wang Can , Huang Shan , Jiang Li , Chen Xi , Li Hongzhan , Chang Weiwei , Zhang Lei , Mo Jieling , Ning Chuanyi
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM), drug users and sex workers are at high risk of HIV infection, but they are marginalised and hidden. Social network strategy (SNS) is purposeful to use social networks to generate social influence, accelerate behaviour change and achieve desirable outcomes among individuals or communities and have been increasingly used for HIV interventions. This study aims to investigate the effects of SNS on HIV prevention among key populations.

Methods

We searched six databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and Wiley for randomised controlled trials published between January 1999 and May 2019. Eligibility criteria included SNS conducted among key populations for HIV interventions, with a comparator group. Outcomes included changes in HIV high-risk behaviour, HIV seroconversion and other HIV outcomes. We used the risk ratio (RR) or mean difference with associated 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the comparative efficacy between SNS and control methods on the selected outcomes. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence for the studies.

Results

Of 2818 citations identified, 28 trails from 24 papers met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that SNS was associated with less unprotected intercourse (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.86) and sex with multiple partners (0.46, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.65). Additionally, relative to the control methods, SNS significantly reduced HIV seroconversion (0.65, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.81), improved HIV testing uptake (1.11, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.15) and promoted participant retention (1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.06) among key populations. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system showed that trails were of moderate quality.

Conclusions

This review provides evidence that SNS can reach key populations who are currently not being reached by existing programmes and deliver HIV interventions through social networks, which decreases HIV sexual risk behaviour and HIV incidence and increases HIV testing uptake and participant retention.

Trial registration number

CRD42019140533.
MTOR suppresses autophagy-mediated production of IL25 in allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Li Wen , Wu Yinfang , Zhao Yun , Li Zhouyang , Chen Haixia , Dong Lingling , Liu Huiwen , Zhang Min , Wu Yanping , Zhou Jiesen , Xiong Juan , Hu Yue , Hua Wen , Zhang Bin , Qiu Minzhi , Zhang Qing-ling , Wei Chunhua , Wen Mingchun , Han Jing , Zhou Xiaobo , Qiu Weiliang , Yan Fugui , Huang Huaqiong , Ying Songmin , Choi Augustine M K , Shen Huahao , Chen Zhihua
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Airway epithelial cells are recognised as an essential controller for the initiation and perpetuation of asthmatic inflammation, yet the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the roles and mechanisms of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR)–autophagy axis in airway epithelial injury in asthma.

Methods

We examined the MTOR–autophagy signalling in airway epithelium from asthmatic patients or allergic mice induced by ovalbumin or house dust mites, or in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Furthermore, mice with specific MTOR knockdown in airway epithelium and autophagy-related lc3b-/- mice were used for allergic models.

Results

MTOR activity was decreased, while autophagy was elevated, in airway epithelium from asthmatic patients or allergic mice, or in HBE cells treated with IL33 or IL13. These changes were associated with upstream tuberous sclerosis protein 2 signalling. Specific MTOR knockdown in mouse bronchial epithelium augmented, while LC3B deletion diminished allergen-induced airway inflammation and mucus hyperproduction. The worsened inflammation caused by MTOR deficiency was also ameliorated in lc3b-/- mice. Mechanistically, autophagy was induced later than the emergence of allergen-initiated inflammation, particularly IL33 expression. MTOR deficiency increased, while knocking out of LC3B abolished the production of IL25 and the eventual airway inflammation on allergen challenge. Blocking IL25 markedly attenuated the exacerbated airway inflammation in MTOR-deficiency mice.

Conclusion

Collectively, these results demonstrate that allergen-initiated inflammation suppresses MTOR and induces autophagy in airway epithelial cells, which results in the production of certain proallergic cytokines such as IL25, further promoting the type 2 response and eventually perpetuating airway inflammation in asthma.
An improved Aleksandrov–Bakel’man–Pucci estimate for a second-order elliptic operator with unbounded drift
Authors: Cho Sungwon
Published: October 2020

The classical Aleksandrov–Bakel’man–Pucci estimate (ABP estimate) for a second-order elliptic operator in nondivergence form is one of the fundamental tools for the bounds of subsolutions. Cabre improved the ABP estimate by replacing a constant factor, the diameter of a given domain, with a geometric character, which can be defined and finite for some unbounded domains. In the proof, Cabre used the Krylov–Safonov boundary weak Harnack inequality from Trudinger; thus, it is required that the first-order coefficients belong to a Lebesgue [Formula: see text]-integrable function space. Using a growth lemma from Safonov and an approximation method, we improve the result to Lebesgue [Formula: see text]-integrable first-order coefficients, which is optimal and coincides with the condition for the original ABP estimate.
Gaussian Process Model of Surrounding Rock Classification Based on Digital Characterization of Rock Mass Structure and Its Application
Authors: He Peng , Sun Shang-qu , Wang Gang , Li Wei-teng
Published: October 2020

As the important data basis of surrounding rock classification, rock mass structural information obtained by traditional image processing and feature extraction algorithms could not be quantitatively analyzed because of the uncertainty and geometric randomness of structural planes. In this paper, based on straight line detection, intelligent scissors, and morphological edge detection algorithms, the multiple interpretation system of rock mass image including linear bunching extraction, magnetic tracking extraction, and multiparameter characterization was researched and developed, and the actual distribution information and the related probability distribution model of structural planes could be obtained directly. On the basis of this, plenty of corresponding random rating-values meeting the probability distribution models of these evaluation indices were gained by Monte Carlo Simulation. The distribution probability affiliated with different rock mass grade was attained by inductive statistics, and the robust evaluation of surrounding rock classification could be carried out. Taking the robust results as learning samples, the response model of surrounding rock grade based on Gaussian process classification was established, making the evaluation of surrounding rock subclassification more rapid and robust.
A New Method for the Measurement of Gas Pressure in Water-Bearing Coal Seams and Its Application
Authors: Cui Xiao , Zhang Jiayong , Guo Liwen , Gong Xuemin
Published: October 2020

Coal seam gas pressure is one of the fundamental parameters used to assess coal seam gas occurrence and is an important index in assessing the risk of gas disaster. However, the geological characteristics of coal seams become increasingly complex with increasing mining degree, thus decreasing the accuracy and success rate of direct methods for measuring gas pressure. To address such issues, we have developed a new method for direct measurement of gas pressure in water-bearing coal seams. In particular, we developed a pressure measurement device based on theoretical analysis and quantified the basic parameters of the device based on well testing. Then, we verified the applicability of our method based on comparative analysis of the results of field experiments and indirect measurements. Our results demonstrate that this new method can resolve the effects of water pressure, coal slime, and other factors on the estimation of gas pressure. The performance of this new method is considerably better than that of traditional methods. In particular, field test results demonstrate that our method can accurately and efficiently measure gas pressure in water-bearing coal seams. These results will be of great significance in the prevention and control of coal seam gas disaster.
Fire Risk Assessment in Healthcare Settings: Application of FMEA Combined with Multi‐Criteria Decision Making Methods
Authors: Omidvari Fateme , Jahangiri Mehdi , Mehryar Reza , Alimohammadlou Moslem , Kamalinia Mojtaba
Published: October 2020

Fire is one of the most dangerous phenomena causing major casualties and financial losses in hospitals and healthcare settings. In order to prevent and control the fire sources, first risk assessment should be conducted. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is one of the techniques widely used for risk assessment. However, Risk Priority Number (RPN) in this technique does not take into account the weight of the risk parameters. In addition, indirect relationships between risk parameters and expert opinions are not considered in decision making in this method. The aim is to conduct fire risk assessment of healthcare setting using the application of FMEA combined with Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. First, a review of previous studies on fire risk assessment was conducted and existing rules were identified. Then, the factors influencing fire risk were classified according to FMEA criteria. In the next step, weights of fire risk criteria and subcriteria were determined using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multiplicative Best-Worst Method (IFMBWM) and different wards of the hospital were ranked using Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Combinative Distance-based Assessment (IVIFCODAS) method. Finally, a case study was performed in one of the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In this study, fire alarm system (0.4995), electrical equipment and installations (0.277), and flammable materials (0.1065) had the highest weight, respectively. The hospital powerhouse also had the highest fire risk, due to the lack of fire extinguishers, alarms and fire detection, facilities located in the basement floor, boilers and explosive sensitivity, insufficient access, and housekeeping. The use of MCDM methods in combination with the FMEA method assesses the risk of fire in hospitals and health centers with great accuracy.
Quando o estado de exceção se torna permanente
Authors: Souza Luís Antônio Francisco de , Serra Carlos Henrique Aguiar
Published: October 2020

Pretende-se refletir sobre as mudanças recentes no cenário político e institucional do Brasil. A sociedade brasileira, historicamente, construiu uma estrutura sólida de distribuição desigual de poder e de riquezas. Em grande parte, esta estrutura só foi possível em razão de altos padrões de exploração do trabalho e de elevados níveis de desigualdade, refletidos num judiciário e numa polícia violentos e racistas. Uma das características marcantes do estado brasileiro é a militarização de suas forças policiais e a policialização de suas forças armadas. Este processo vem se acirrando nas últimas décadas. O cenário atual de militares terem assumido, pelo voto direto, o poder máximo da nação parece ser o ápice do processo de militarização, e seus efeitos ainda carecem de análise cuidadosa. A proposta deste artigo, portanto, é, fazendo uso da noção de estado de exceção de Giorgio Agamben (2004), mostrar que a militarização corresponde à normalização do militarismo, com suas consequências em termos de limitações de direitos e legitimação da violência do estado, notadamente da polícia. A base empírica para a análise é o modelo de ocupação de territórios e intervenção ostensiva no Rio de Janeiro, instaurado pela intervenção federal militar do ano de 2018. A intervenção, neste sentido, não apenas serviu de laboratório para medidas repressivas e violentas de segurança, como também foi um teste de legitimação da gestão militarizada da segurança pública, com seu componente de construção permanente de um inimigo a ser abatido, dentro da lógica da guerra e do confronto armado. Seguindo, assim, Michel Foucault (1999), a política está se convertendo, no Brasil contemporâneo, na extensão da guerra por meios altamente militarizados.
Imagens do futuro
Authors: Sanz Claudia Linhares , Pessoa Mirella
Published: October 2020

Fenômeno histórico e global, o senso contemporâneo de futuro se afasta, em vários sentidos, daquele experimentado em outros (futuros) passados. Atuando como uma espécie de máquina na biopolítica dos possíveis, tem efeitos capilares no cotidiano do sujeito. Trata-se de uma hipervisibilidade do futuro em que imagens pretensamente precisas participam da instalação da antecipação como um programa geral necessário à cultura do risco. Nessa governamentalidade neoliberal, entretanto, nem todos os riscos previstos podem (ou devem) ser visíveis: um gradiente hermenêutico acerca desses riscos e “não riscos” instala-se na vida cotidiana. Realidade que enfraquece as coletividades e reduz o espectro do possível aos diagramas econômicos do capitalismo tardio.
Um diplomata em defesa do princípio universal dos direitos humanos
Authors: Mesquita Gustavo
Published: October 2020

Entrevista com o embaixador brasileiro José Augusto Lindgren Alves.
The secular prophet of religious socialism
Authors: Löwy Michael
Published: October 2020

There exists a German-Jewish cultural discourse from the early 20th century that stands in dynamic tension between spiritual and material, sacred and secular, beyond the usual static dichotomies. Several key Jewish thinkers have sought to recover spiritual meaning, in direct interaction with the profane. Under different ways they developed a process of simultaneous secularization and sacralization, in a sort of “dialectic” combination of both. The first common characteristic of these authors is their deep attachment to the German romantic culture, with its ambivalence towards modernity, and its desperate attempt at re-enchanting the world through a return to past spiritual forms. This article will demonstrate these relationships through the work of young Eric Fromm.
Demographic, Regional, and State‐Level Trends of Mortality in Patients With Aortic Stenosis in United States, 2008 to 2018
Authors: Khan Safi U. , Kalra Ankur , Kapadia Samir R. , Khan Muhammad U. , Zia Khan Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Mamas Mamas A. , Warraich Haider J. , Nasir Khurram , Michos Erin D. , Alkhouli Mohamad
Published: October 2020

Background

Aortic stenosis–related mortality might vary across demographic subsets, regions, and states in the United States.

Methods and Results

We reviewed the death certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research database to examine aortic stenosis–related mortality trends from 2008 to 2018. Crude and age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100 000 people and annual percentage change with 95% CIs were calculated. Between 2008 and 2018, AAMR reduced from 12.7 to 11.5 (average annual percentage change, −1.0 [95% CI, −1.5 to −0.5]), because of an accelerated decline between 2015 and 2018 (annual percentage change, −4.4 [95% CI, −6.0 to −2.7]). Older (aged >85 years), male, and White patients had higher death rates than younger, female, and non‐White patients, respectively. Although mortality reduction was similar across sexes, significant mortality reduction was limited to White patients only. The AAMRs were higher in rural than urban areas. States with AAMRs >90th percentile were distributed in the West and the Northeast, and <10th percentile in the South. The AAMRs for sex and race were highest in the West and lowest in the South. None of the states located in the Midwest showed a significant reduction in mortality. Mortality remained stable for hospital setting and nursing home/long‐term care facility, except that the number of deaths increased at home and hospice facility since 2014.

Conclusions

The reduction in mortality in patients with aortic stenosis was not consistent among demographic subsets and states. The substantial public health and economic implications call for determination of underlying clinical and socioeconomic factors to narrow the gap.
EKONOMİK KRİZLERİN KÜÇÜK VE ORTA BOY İŞLETMELER (KOBİ) ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: VAN ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: OĞRAK Abdullah , KİBAR Sinan , KIZILDERE Celal
Published: October 2020

Öz

Yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı,
Dünyada ve Türkiye’de yaşanan ve etkileri şu anda da devam eden 2000 yılı ve
sonrasındaki küresel ekonomik krizlerin, KOBİ’ler üzerindeki etkilerini
incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, Ülkemizin 2000 yılı ve sonrasında yaşadığı ekonomik krizlerden
olan 2000 Şubat ekonomik krizi, 2001 Kasım krizi ve 2008 yılında yaşanan
küresel çaptaki finansal krizlerin başlangıcı, sebepleri ve etkileri
incelenmiştir. Uygulama kısmında, anket çalışması yapılmış ve elde edilen
sonuçlar SPSS istatistiki program kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmaya
katılan KOBİ’lerin %82,2 i krizin işletmeleri olumsuz etkilediğini belirtirken;
%17,8 i kısmen olumsuz etkilediğini belirtmişlerdir. Araştırmaya katılan
işletmelerden hiçbiri krizin işletmelerini etkilemediğini belirtmemişlerdir.
Elde edilen veriler ve KOBİ’lerin ekonomi için önemi düşünüldüğünde KOBİ’lerin,
krizlere karşı strateji geliştirme gerekliliği ön plana çıkmaktadır.
SOSYAL GİRİŞİMCİLİKTE ULUSAL KÜLTÜRÜN ROLÜ
Authors: YİĞİT Sema
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışma, sosyal girişimcilik aktivitesi ile ülkelerin ulusal kültürü arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. 2015 Küresel Girişimcilik İzleme (GEM) çalışmasından elde edilen Sosyal Girişimcilik Etkinliği (SEA) endeksleri, iki boyutta (Başlangıç aşamasında yeni başlayan girişimciler arasında genel sosyal girişimcilik aktivitesinin ortalama yaygınlık oranı (SEA-SU-BRD) ve halen faaliyet göstermekte olan bir sosyal girişimcilik faaliyetine liderlik eden bireylerin ortalama yaygınlık oranı (SEA-OP-BRD)) ülkelerin sosyal girişimcilik faaliyetinin bir göstergesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Ülkeler arası kültürel karşılaştırma yapmak için Hofstede, GLOBE projesi ve Schwartz’ın oluşturduğu üç kültürel çerçeveden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırılmak istenen ilişkileri ortaya çıkarmak için korelasyon analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre elde edilen en önemli sonuç üç kültürel çerçevenin boyutları ile SEA-SU-BRD’nin ilişkisinin bulunamamasıdır. Yine az sayıda alt boyutun SEA-OP-BRD ile ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda girişimcilik kültüründen bahsedildiği gibi bir sosyal girişimcilik kültüründen bahsetmenin oldukça zor olduğu söylenebilir.
ERZURUM GÜMRÜK DEFTERLERİNE GÖRE SİİRTLİ TÜCCARLARIN FAALİYETLERİ (1825-1826)
Authors: IŞIKTAŞ Erkan
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Erzurum ve çevresinde ticaret ile meşgul olan Siirtli tüccarların faaliyetleri üzerine bir değerlendirme yapmaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarihi doküman inceleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın verilerini Erzurum Gümrük Defterleri oluşturmaktadır. Toplamda on beş defterden müteşekkil olan bu tarihi vesikalar, Erzurum gümrük memurları tarafından ay ve gün hesabıyla tutulmuştur. Çalışma; 1825 ile 1826 yıllarına ait Erzurum gümrük kayıtlarından elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda iç ticarete dâhil olan Siirtli tüccarların isimlerini, ticaretlerine konu olan emtianın orijinini, kalem başında alınan vergi miktarlarını ve bu miktarın gümrük hasılatı içerisindeki oranını ortaya koyması bakımından önem arz etmektedir.
DEVLETİN GÖRELİ ÖZERKLİĞİ TEZİ VE ABD’DE 2008 FİNANSAL KRİZİ
Authors: ŞEKER AYDIN Gülşen
Published: October 2020

Çalışma, 2008 Krizi’nde neoliberalizmin ABD’de sorgulanmasına rağmen hükümet uygulamalarında neden derinleştiğini anlamak için Obama ve Trump dönemlerindeki devlet ve sermaye ilişkilerine odaklanmıştır. Devletin Göreli Özerkliği Tezi’nin ABD’nin Obama ve Trump döneminde krize yanıt olarak geliştirilen devlet politikalarını açıklamada ne derece başarılı olduğu ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, ilkin, Poulantzas’ın Devletin Göreli Özerkliği Tezi Domhoff ve Miliband’ın çalışmaları çerçevesinde eleştirel olarak incelenmektedir. Obama’nın seçim kampanyalarının sermaye sınıfı tarafından desteklendiği, Trump’ın ise iş adamı olması hasebiyle sermaye sınıfının ABD devlet politikalarının oluşturulmasına doğrudan katılım sağladığı vurgulanmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda, bu yönetimlerin krize karşı geliştirdikleri politikaların neoliberalizmin derinleşmesine ve bu sistemdeki hataların göz ardı edilmesine neden olduğu tartışılmaktadır. Sonuç bölümünde, devletin sermaye sınıfı ile sıkı bağları sonucu krize yönelik politikaları geliştirip uygularken göreli özerk davranamadığı, daha çok finans sermayesinin bir aracı gibi davrandığı ortaya konulmuştur.
GENEL SİNİZMİN ÖRGÜTSEL SİNİZME ETKİSİ: KUŞAKLARARASI BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA
Authors: OKTAL Özlem , ERKARA Ceren
Published: October 2020

Tarihin farklı zamanlarında kişilikleri oluşmuş bireylerin, farklı iş yapma biçimleri, iletişim şekilleri ve tutumlarının birlikte ele alınması gerekir. Yöneticiler de öncelikle her kuşağın kimliğini anlamalıdır. Bu makalede nicel yöntem kullanılarak, günümüz işletmelerinde çalışan dört kuşağın kişilik özellikleri bağlamında genel sinizm düzeylerini ve bu düzeylerin örgütsel sinizm düzeyine etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Kuşakların genel sinizm düzeylerinin, örgütsel sinizm ve boyutlarına etkisi olup olmadığını saptamak için araştırmada öne sürülen hipotezler lineer regresyon modeli ile test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, X – Y, X – Z ve Z – Bebek patlaması kuşakları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Genel sinizm ve örgütsel sinizm ölçeğinde sinizm düzeyi en yüksek kuşak, Z kuşağı; genel sinizm ölçeğinde sinizm düzeyi en düşük kuşak ise Bebek patlaması kuşağıdır. Bunun yanında örgütsel sinizm ölçeğinde sinizm düzeyi en düşük kuşağın X kuşağı olduğu saptanmıştır.
ÇALIŞMA YAŞAM KALİTESİ VE PROAKTİF ÇALIŞMA DAVRANIŞININ BİREYSEL VE KURUMSAL DEĞİŞKENLERLE İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: ASLAN Şebnem , UYAR Seda
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmada, çalışma yaşam kalitesi ve proaktif çalışma davranışının bireysel ve kurumsal değişkenlerle ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda örgütsel literatürde çalışma ilişkilerini etkilediği düşünülen çalışma yaşam kalitesi, proaktif çalışma davranışı, algılanan kurumsal itibar, istismarcı yönetim, pozitif-negatif duygu ve benzerlik-bütünleyici uyum değişkenlerinin ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, İç Anadolu Bölgesinden Ankara ve Marmara Bölgesinden İstanbul olmak üzere iki bölgeden rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen özel hastanelerde farklı dallarda çalışan 705 sağlık çalışanı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda sağlık çalışanlarının çalışma yaşam kalitesi ile proaktif çalışma davranışı ve uyum arasında pozitif; istismarcı yönetim arasında da negatif yönde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Proaktif çalışma davranışı pozitif duygu ve uyum ile pozitif; istismarcı yönetim ve algılanan kurumsal itibar arasında da negatif yönde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca algılanan kurumsal itibar ile uyum arasında pozitif; istismarcı yönetim arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
New species of Pseudostaurosira (Bacillariophyceae) including a tripolar taxon from mountain streams of Central Mexico

Authors: SALINAS VICTOR HUGO , MORA DEMETRIO , JAHN REGINE , ABARCA NÉLIDA
Published: October 2020

A morphological study based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy describing three new Pseudostaurosira species from mountain streams in Central Mexico is presented herein. Epilithon and water samples for physico-chemical analyses were collected from eleven mountain streams in the Basin of Mexico, located within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The bipolar Pseudostaurosira carmonae and P. caballeroae, and the tripolar P. iztaccihuatlii are described from Coaxcacoaco, San Rafael and Ameca streams, located at elevations above 2600 m. These streams were characterized by cold, well oxygenated, and neutral to slightly alkaline water with low conductivity and low nutrient concentration, descending from Mount Tlaloc and Iztaccihuatl volcano in the south eastern part of the basin. No teratological features were observed in either of these taxa, nor an intermediate state between the co-occurring bipolar and tripolar forms. The ultrastructure features (pore structure and spines position) were consistent with the defining characteristics of the genus Pseudostaurosira. This study contributes to further unravelling the freshwater diatom flora of Mexico, while denoting the importance of protecting and studying aquatic ecosystems in this overpopulated region of the Mexico.
Accommodating Haplosphaera in Hansenia (Apiaceae) based on morphological and molecular evidence

Authors: TAN JIN-BO , JIA SHENG-BIN , HE XING-JIN , MA XIANG-GUANG
Published: October 2020

Integrating morphological and phylogenetic evidence is important for the taxonomy of Apiaceae. Here, we employed morphology of mericarps and molecular evidence to corroborate that two species of Haplosphaera are members of Hansenia. The results showed that Haplosphaera and Hansenia are similar carpologically. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS data revealed that Haplosphaera is not monophyletic and the two species are embedded in Hansenia. Therefore, the two species of Haplosphaera are transferred to Hansenia, and reasonable taxonomical treatments are proposed.
First report of the genus Neadeloides Klima, 1939 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae) in Laos, with description of a new species
Authors: KO JAE–HO , BAE YANG-SEOP
Published: October 2020

The genus Neadeloides Klima, 1939 is a small genus of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae). It was established for the type species Hoterodes cinerealis Moore, 1867 as the objective replacement name for Adeloides Warren, 1892, a homonym of Adeloides Blanchard, 1845 of Curculionidae in Coleoptera (Singh et al. 2019; Nuss et al. 2003–2020). Recently, this genus was studied by Singh et al. (2019), with the inclusion of three species: N. cinerealis (Moore, 1867) and N. nubilus Singh, Ranjan & Singh, 2019 from India, and N. glaucoptera (Hampson, 1896) from Bhutan. Species of Neadeloides can be distinguished by the following characters. In the male, the antenna are very long, about twice the length of the forewing; forewing narrow, with a produced apex; termen extremely oblique; in the female, antenna almost same length of the forewing; forewing wider than male; in the male genitalia, uncus broad, inverted U–shaped, ventrally concave, with a small, sub–apical lateral projection on both sides; valva elongated flap–like, membranous at base and sclerotized from middle to apex; costal margin rather concave, nearly straight; dorsum of valva outwardly angled at middle or roughly straight; sacculus process hook–shaped or broad rectangular, with setose apical flap (Singh et al. 2019).
Genera and species of the Liothrips lineage (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae) from Taiwan
Authors: WANG CHIN-LING , LIN FENG-CHYI
Published: October 2020

This paper lists from Taiwan 11 genera and 28 species of Thysanoptera of the Liothrips lineage. A key is provided to the 11 genera, and Psephenothrips baiheensis sp.n. and P. cymbidas sp.n. are described. A key to the 12 Liothrips species recorded from Taiwan is provided, with two new species, L. dayuilinensis sp.n. and L. hsuae sp.n. One new combination is presented, Liophloeothrips terminaliae (Moulton) comb.n., and Psephenothrips leptoceras Okajima from Japan is newly recorded from Taiwan.
A new species of dartfish of the genus Ptereleotris (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the East Coast of India
Authors: KODEESWARAN P. , PRAVEENRAJ J.
Published: October 2020

Ptereleotris cyanops n. sp. is described from five specimens collected in trawl landings at Chennai, Tamil Nadu, East Coast of India. The new species is unusual among congeners in possessing a wide interdorsal space, its width 2.5–3.2% in SL. The new species resembles P. microlepis in general morphology and coloration, but is readily distinguished from it in lacking a black bar at base of pectoral fin, in having a slightly truncate caudal fin with the 5th and 13th branched rays prolonged as filaments (vs. emarginated caudal fin with absence of any caudal filaments), and in having the second dorsal and anal fin not elevated anteriorly (vs. elevated). Ptereleotris cyanops differs from caudal filaments bearing congeners viz., P. arabica and P. hanae, by the absence of chin barbel (vs. present in both); in having a longer pelvic fin (17.7–18.8 vs. 13.1–15.5% SL in P. arabica), and more anal rays (27 vs. 22–25 in P. hanae).
A new species of Robertgurneya Apostolov & Marinov, 1988, with an illustrated record of R. rostrata (Gurney, 1927), an amended genus diagnosis and comments on R. soyeri (Apostolov, 1974) and R. spinulosa (Sars, 1911) (Harpacticoida: Miraciidae)
Authors: GÓMEZ SAMUEL
Published: October 2020

Quarterly sampling campaigns were carried out during year 2019 to study the effects of organic pollution on the diversity and abundance of meiofauna from a polluted coastal system in north-western Mexico. Amongst harpacticoids, the family Miraciidae Dana 1846 was by far the most abundant and diverse, and several new species and the proposal of some new genera of Stenheliinae Brady 1880 and Diosaccinae Sars 1906 will be published elsewhere. Amongst the Diosaccinae, the genus Robertgurneya Apostolov & Marinov 1988 was one of the most abundant. This genus was proposed and diagnosed by Lang (1944, 1948) but after a complex taxonomical history, was made available by Apostolov & Marinov (1988) who proposed an amended diagnosis and designated R. similis similis (Scott A. 1896) as the type species of the genus. Here I propose a new species, Robertgurneya mexicana sp. nov., and give a fully illustrated record of the widely distributed R. rostrata (Gurney 1927). The relationships amongst the species of Robertgurneya are not clear, but the new Mexican species shares with R. falklandiensis (Lang 1936) the elongated inner dimorphic spine on the basis of the male P1. Additionally, a new amended diagnosis for the genus Robertgurneya, as well as the reallocation of R. soyeri (Apostolov 1974) into Typhlamphiascus Lang 1944, and the creation of a new genus, Robertgurneyella gen. nov., for R. spinulosa (Sars 1911) are proposed.
Two new species of cavernicolous trechines from central Guizhou and northwestern Guangxi, China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)
Authors: MA ZIJUN , HUANG SUNBIN , TIAN MINGYI
Published: October 2020

Two highly modified new species of cave-adapted trechine beetles are described from Guizhou Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Sinaphaenops (Sinaphaenops) chengguangyuani n. sp. (Guizhou: Longli: cave Shuijing Dong), belonging to the banshanicus species group of the genus Sinaphaenops Uéno & Wang, 1991; Giraffaphaenops brevicephalus n. sp. (Guangxi: Leye: cave Dalongguan Dong), being the third species of the genus Giraffaphaenops Deuve, 2002, with a shorter but broader head than its congeners. Keys to identify the species of the banshanicus species group and the genus Giraffaphaenops are provided respectively.
Understanding Intermodel Variability in Future Projections of a Sahelian Storm Proxy and Southern Saharan Warming
Authors: Rowell David P. , Fitzpatrick Rory G. J. , Jackson Lawrence S. , Redmond Grace
Published: October 2020

Projected changes in the intensity of severe rain events over the North African Sahel—falling from large mesoscale convective systems—cannot be directly assessed from global climate models due to their inadequate resolution and parameterization of convection. Instead, the large-scale atmospheric drivers of these storms must be analyzed. Here we study changes in meridional lower-tropospheric temperature gradient across the Sahel (ΔTGrad), which affect storm development via zonal vertical wind shear and Saharan air layer characteristics. Projected changes in ΔTGrad vary substantially among models, adversely affecting planning decisions that need to be resilient to adverse risks, such as increased flooding. This study seeks to understand the causes of these projection uncertainties and finds three key drivers. The first is intermodel variability in remote warming, which has strongest impact on the eastern Sahel, decaying toward the west. Second, and most important, a warming–advection–circulation feedback in a narrow band along the southern Sahara varies in strength between models. Third, variations in southern Saharan evaporative anomalies weakly affect ΔTGrad, although for an outlier model these are sufficiently substantive to reduce warming here to below that of the global mean. Together these uncertain mechanisms lead to uncertain southern Saharan/northern Sahelian warming, causing the bulk of large intermodel variations in ΔTGrad. In the southern Sahel, a local negative feedback limits the contribution to uncertainties in ΔTGrad. This new knowledge of ΔTGrad projection uncertainties provides understanding that can be used, in combination with further research, to constrain projections of severe Sahelian storm activity.
RepAHR: an improved approach for de novo repeat identification by assembly of the high-frequency reads
Authors: Liao Xingyu , Gao Xin , Zhang Xiankai , Wu Fang-Xiang , Wang Jianxin
Published: October 2020

Background

Repetitive sequences account for a large proportion of eukaryotes genomes. Identification of repetitive sequences plays a significant role in many applications, such as structural variation detection and genome assembly. Many existing de novo repeat identification pipelines or tools make use of assembly of the high-frequency k-mers to obtain repeats. However, a certain degree of sequence coverage is required for assemblers to get the desired assemblies. On the other hand, assemblers cut the reads into shorter k-mers for assembly, which may destroy the structure of the repetitive regions. For the above reasons, it is difficult to obtain complete and accurate repetitive regions in the genome by using existing tools.

Results

In this study, we present a new method called RepAHR for de novo repeat identification by assembly of the high-frequency reads. Firstly, RepAHR scans next-generation sequencing (NGS) reads to find the high-frequency k-mers. Secondly, RepAHR filters the high-frequency reads from whole NGS reads according to certain rules based on the high-frequency k-mer. Finally, the high-frequency reads are assembled to generate repeats by using SPAdes, which is considered as an outstanding genome assembler with NGS sequences.

Conlusions

We test RepAHR on five data sets, and the experimental results show that RepAHR outperforms RepARK and REPdenovo for detecting repeats in terms of N50, reference alignment ratio, coverage ratio of reference, mask ratio of Repbase and some other metrics.
Older individuals’ views on their personal screening results for complex health problems: a qualitative study
Authors: van Blijswijk Sophie C. E. , van Tol Lisa S. , Blom Jeanet W. , den Elzen Wendy P. J. , Gussekloo Jacobijn
Published: October 2020

Background

Providing older persons with information about their health status may increase their involvement in their own health and enhance self-management. However, we need a better understanding of how older persons view their personal results after completing a screening questionnaire on complex health, of their (lack of) motivation and their subsequent action.

Methods

In this qualitative study community-dwelling older persons (≥80 years, n = 13) who completed a screening questionnaire on complex health problems were interviewed regarding their perception of the results, the actions they considered taking and their personal motivations. Data were analysed thematically (qualitative content analyses).

Results

Participants expressed interest in feedback, as an objective questionnaire might substantiate their own views regarding their personal health. They were mostly unsurprised by the results and/or had already taken precautions and were therefore not inclined to undertake additional action. They admitted difficulty with and appreciated advice from a professional regarding preparation of an action plan. Unexpected negative results would lead them to discuss matters with family and/or their general practitioner, provided they had a good relationship with their GP.

Conclusion

Older people were interested in direct feedback regarding their screening questionnaire results and in subsequent advice on possible additional measures. General practices could consider inviting older persons to complete a screening questionnaire and discuss activities and personal goals. This information could serve to better shape future interventions aimed at increasing self-management amongst older persons.
Spontaneous recanalization of occluded transplant renal artery: a rare case report
Authors: Dong Xiangjun , Wang Yingliang , Liang Huimin , Zheng Chuansheng , Zhao Hui , Hu Hong yao , Long Xi , Su Yangbo
Published: October 2020

Background

Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a serious vascular complication that occurs after renal transplantation and can result in hypertension, renal functional impairment, and graft loss. Endovascular treatment has become the first-line treatment for TRAS because of its low invasiveness and high success rate.

Case presentation

A 23-year-old female with end-stage renal disease of unknown cause received a living-donor kidney transplantation 10 months ago. Seven months after the transplantation, her blood pressure gradually deteriorated. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed bending and stenosis of the transplant renal artery, and the patient received endovascular treatment. A digital subtraction angiography revealed significant stenosis of 95% in the proximal transplant renal artery. The guidewire could not pass through the stenotic segment of the transplant renal artery even with repeated attempts by the surgeons; as a result, the transplant renal artery became occluded, and vasodilators were ineffective. After the operation, renal function gradually worsened, so she began to receive regular dialysis. Twenty-five days later, the patient’s urine volume was significantly higher than that before, and ultrasound showed that the proximal transplant renal artery was not completely occluded. A re-intervention was performed, and the stent was placed successfully in the stenotic segment. After the operation, renal function gradually recovered, and dialysis was no longer needed.

Conclusion

Patients with iatrogenic transplant renal artery occlusion may have the possibility of spontaneous recanalization, which can help prevent the need for re-transplantation.
Comparison of oral glucose tolerance test and ambulatory glycaemic profiles in pregnant women in Uganda with gestational diabetes using the FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system
Authors: Milln J. M. , Walugembe E. , Ssentayi S. , Nkabura H. , Jones A. G. , Nyirenda M. J.
Published: October 2020

Background

The diagnosis of hyperglycaemia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is challenging. Blood glucose levels obtained during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) may not reflect home glycaemic profiles. We compare OGTT results with home glycaemic profiles obtained using the FreeStyle Libre continuous glucose monitoring device (FSL-CGM).

Methods

Twenty-eight women (20 with gestational diabetes [GDM], 8 controls) were recruited following OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. All women wore the FSL-CGM device for 48–96 h at home in early third trimester, and recorded a meal diary. OGTT was repeated on the final day of FSL-CGM recording. OGTT results were compared with ambulatory glycaemic variables, and repeat OGTT was undertaken whilst wearing FSL-CGM to determine accuracy of the device.

Results

FSL-CGM results were available for 27/28 women with mean data capture 92.8%. There were significant differences in the ambulatory fasting, post-prandial peaks, and mean glucose between controls in whom both primary and secondary OGTT was normal (n = 6) and those with two abnormal OGTTs or “true” GDM (n = 7). There was no difference in ambulatory mean glucose between these controls and the 13 women who had an abnormal primary OGTT and normal repeat OGTT. These participants had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) than the true GDM group (29.0 Vs 36.3 kg/m2, p-value 0.014).

Paired OGTT/FSL-CGM readings revealed a Mean Absolute difference (MAD) -0.58 mmol/L and Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD) -11.9%. Bland-Altman plot suggests FSL-CGM underestimated blood glucose by approximately 0.78 mmol/L.

Conclusion

Diagnosis of GDM on a single OGTT identifies a proportion of women who do not have a significantly higher home glucose levels than controls. This raises questions about factors which may affect the reproducibility of OGTT in this population, including food insecurity and atypical phenotypes of diabetes. More investigation is needed to understand the suitability of the OGTT as a diagnostic test in sub-Saharan Africa.