bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes Against Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami) in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Gedifew Sintayehu
Published: September 2024

Bacterial blight poses a significant threat to sesame production in Ethiopia, especially in regions with high rainfall. It causes yield reduction and affects seed quality by inducing premature leaf defoliation. To address these challenges, evaluating existing germplasm for disease resistance is crucial. This study assessed various sesame genotypes for resistance to bacterial blight and their performance in seed yield and seed yield related traits. Seventeen genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at Kamashi research sub-station. Resistance evaluations were conducted every 14 days from emergence up to 72 days, along with recording seed yield and related agronomic and morphological traits. The mean area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) varied from 673.86 to 825.01, indicating differing susceptibility levels to disease advancement. Approximately 46.67% of the tested genotypes exhibited lower AUDPC compared to Benishangul-1, a variety specifically developed for its adaptability and resistance for bacterial blight-prone regions. Initially, at 14 and 28 days after emergence (DAE), no noticeable bacterial blight symptoms were observed across the genotypes. However, at 42, 56, and 72 DAE, the average severity index steadily rose to 16.92%, 20.78%, and 27.71%, respectively. This transition from immunity to moderate susceptibility underscores the dynamic nature of disease progression and the significant challenge posed by bacterial blight in later sesame growth stages. Notably, significant differences (P<0.05) were noted in days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, plant height to the first branch, overall plant height, length of the capsule-bearing zone, and seed yield. This comprehensive evaluation offers valuable insights into the genetic diversity to improve crop performance and yield potential.
Evaluation of Recently Released Finger Millet Varieties for Their Adaptability in West Haraghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Assegid Desu , Terbush Abubeker , Chala Gebeyehu , Bekela Gabbisa
Published: September 2024

Finger millet is a major grain crop in the west hararghe zone. However, due to major constraints like lack of improved varieties and drought, the productivity is by far lower than the genetic potential of a crop in the study areas. Thus, current study initiated to obtain high-yielding and stable varieties. The study was conducted in districts of Habro, Mechara, and Gamachis of the west hararghe zone, using eight improved and one standard check finger millet varieties at 2020 main cropping seasons. The experiment was laid down in a randomized completely block design with three replications. Analysis of variance for grain yield across locations showed significant differences at p< 0.05. Further analysis of AMMI indicated that environments, varieties, and their interaction effects were significantly different. Even if, tested materials showed a significantly different grain yield across locations nevertheless, the GGE bi-plot analyses implied relatively high yielding and consistent across environments for varieties Bako-09, Gudetu, and Addis-01. Therefore, these varieties of finger millet were recommended for further evaluation at the farmer’s field.
Assessment of Concrete Formwork Practices in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
Authors: Reda Shumet , Lemlem Biruk
Published: September 2024

Formwork is among the most determinant factors affecting the cost and completion time of construction projects. In this study, the erection practices, challenges, types, quality and cost of formwork on active building construction projects in Bahir Dar were assessed. The study uses, Questionnaires, site observations and oral interviews with project managers, office and site Engineers, construction managers and carpenters were used to organize and analyse data. From assessment, most of the contractors have given less attention to formwork erection and safety issues. Since the principal criteria for formwork selection are cost and traditional formwork erection, it impacts construction safety and reduces the concrete finishing and quality. Formwork erection is left as the task of carpenters and labourers. There is no proper supervision of the quality of formworks that guarantees construction workers' safety so it is vulnerable to physical injuries and affects employee’s health. From the study, timber formwork is the most dominant type of formwork used for the construction of slabs, beams, columns and stairs due to its availability and low cost. Burnt oil is used as a releasing agent in all construction projects that causes undesirable outputs in concrete surfaces.
Determinants of Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Nigeria
Authors: Avwerhota Oladayo , Avwerhota Michael , Daniel Ebenezer , Popoola Taiwo , Popoola Israel , Ogun Adebanke , Bello Ahmed , Tomori Michael , Salami Aisha , Ekwuluo Celestine , Alewi Olukayode , Janet Aremu
Published: September 2024

Low birth weight (LBW) remains a significant public health challenge with profound implications for neonatal and child health, particularly in low-income countries. Defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of less than 2.5 kilograms, LBW contributes to increased neonatal mortality and long-term developmental issues. This study examines the prevalence and determinants of LBW in Nigeria, leveraging data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The study employs a cross-sectional design and a stratified two-stage sampling technique, analyzing 7,728 recorded birth weights. Key findings indicate that maternal age, education, and socio-economic status significantly influence birth weight. Optimal reproductive ages (25-34 years) and higher educational attainment are associated with healthier birth weights, whereas younger (below 20 years) and older mothers (above 40 years), and those with lower education levels, face higher LBW risks. Employment and wealth are positively correlated with better birth outcomes, underscoring the importance of financial stability. Environmental factors such as urban residence, access to improved water sources, and sanitation facilities also play crucial roles in determining birth weight. The study compares frequentist logistic regression and Bayesian structured additive logistic regression models to identify and predict LBW risk factors, highlighting regional disparities within Nigeria. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions addressing socio-demographic, socio-economic, and environmental determinants to reduce the prevalence of LBW and improve maternal and child health outcomes. Enhanced understanding of these factors through advanced statistical modeling can inform policy and health interventions, ultimately contributing to achieving global health targets and improving neonatal health in Nigeria.
Application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in Buruli Ulcer Education: A Literature Review
Authors: Baba Atubiga , Elvis Ataari , Cynthia Maambo , Anyagre Alexander , Smith Mahama , Cowther Stanley , Adjabeng Michael
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The basic principles of the Health Belief Model as a theoretical foundation were employed to examine Buruli ulcer education. The study employed various strategies to obtain relevant studies about the constructs of the Health Belief Model which were relevant in the context of Buruli ulcer education. Method: The strategies used sought to uncover studies that have applied the Health Belief Model as a theoretical framework or theoretical foundation in Buruli ulcer education especially within Ghana and found none. Review of studies was carried out through electronic databases searches, grey materials and electronic books. Search strategy with key terms related to Health Belief Model and Buruli ulcer were employed to retrieve relevant documents. The study considered only references that were relevant to the constructs of the theory and could be used to explain Buruli ulcer education. Results: The study considered the six constructs of the theory and these included (people perceived susceptibility to Buruli ulcer, perceived severity of Buruli ulcer, perceived benefit of not contracting Buruli ulcer, perceived barriers to Buruli ulcer healthcare, cues to action for Buruli ulcer and Buruli ulcer knowledge self-efficacy), and modifying factors. The theory has been used in health education for health related events and hence was considered the appropriate theory in the context of Buruli ulcer education. Conclusion: The fundamental idea of the theory is based on the individual personal belief about the disease and the methods that exist to be used to help in the reduction of risk factors. Hence public health workers could employ the theory to help in reduction of risk factors exposures among the population especially in endemic communities in Africa.
Teaching Design for Practical Courses Based on Virtual Simulation Technology
Authors: Liqiu Zhang , Qining Wang , Lichun Liu , Ning Ai
Published: September 2024

The National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Project (NVSETP) is one of the five "Golden Courses" launched by the Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China. These courses need to adhere to the Golden Course standards, which include offering a curriculum that is innovative, challenging, and designed to develop higher-order thinking skills through rich content and novel teaching methods. Students receive opportunities for both practical and theoretical learning that guide them in engaging in innovative thinking and practice. This article discusses the teaching design for practical courses based on Virtual Simulation Technology, grounded in the Outcome Based Education, and drawing from the construction of the first batch of NVSETP Teaching Centers and Projects. It primarily addresses four aspects of teaching: objectives, curriculum content, methods, and assessment. Taking the lack of real experimental engineering conditions and high-risk, high-cost practical operations as the starting point, this paper designs the teaching content and methods; Revising the traditional experimental teaching process, this paper adopt blended learning methods. Evaluates the learning effect of students through the real-time feedback of virtual simulation software, further reforms the teaching and improves the teaching effect. The paper provides a reference for constructing Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Projects and reforming practical course teaching.
Effects of Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy Channels on Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Cointegration and Causality Analysis Approach
Authors: Bekele Gediyon
Published: September 2024

The study aimed at investigating and analyzing factors those effects of transmission mechanism of monetary policy channels on economic growth in Ethiopia using a 36 years’ time series data. To this end, variables such as economic growth (dependent variable), and other regress variables such as real lending rate, real effective exchange rate, credit for private sector, consumer price index, trade of opens, gross capital formation, and money supply are considered. An empirical model linking the real GDP to its theoretical effects is then specified. This study had employed the co-integration and vector error correction model (VECM) analysis with impulse response and variance decomposition analysis to provide robust long run effects and short run dynamic effects on the real GDP. All variables under consideration are integrated of order one I (1) and also co-integrated. Vector Error Correction Model/VECM/ results show that real GDP was positively and significantly affected by the real effective exchange rate, money supply, gross capital formation (investment), credit for private sector, trade of openness over a period of long-run; while real leading interest rate and consumer price index (inflation) have significant negative effect. The estimate of the speed of adjustment coefficient found in this study indicates that about a 31 percent of the variation in the real GDP from its equilibrium level is corrected within a year. The study suggests that lowering the lending interest rate can encourage more private investment because it will encourage private investors to borrow more, which will increase investment in Ethiopia. Since investment is one of the factors that determine the gross domestic product, this will result in an increase in the GDP.
A Review of Biochemical Factors Influencing Coffee Disease and Insect Pests Resistance
Authors: Girma Bealu
Published: September 2024

Coffee is a major crop in over 70 countries, with Ethiopia being one of the top coffee-producing countries in Africa. However, coffee is susceptible to various diseases and insect pests that can significantly reduce yields and affect coffee quality. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the biochemical contents of coffee and their mechanisms of resistance to diseases and insect pests, with a focus on the Ethiopian context. The biochemical contents of coffee, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes, play a crucial role in its resistance to diseases and insect pests. These compounds can act as antimicrobial agents, inhibiting the growth of fungal pathogens and bacteria, and also exhibit insecticidal properties, repelling ants and other insects that can damage coffee plants.. The review highlights the importance of harnessing the power of coffee's biochemical contents to develop sustainable coffee production practices that can mitigate the impacts of disease and pest outbreaks, improve coffee quality, and promote the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. By understanding the biochemical factors that contribute to coffee's defense against diseases and pests, researchers and policymakers can work towards enhancing the resilience and productivity of the Ethiopian coffee industry, which plays a crucial role in the global coffee market.
The Memory Bias Toward Negative Context in Episodic Memory in Anxiety Individuals—An Exploratory Study Through ERPs
Authors: Shi Guangyuan , Wang Chunxiao , Cui Lixia , Zhang Qin , Guo Chunyan
Published: September 2024

In order to explore the memory bias toward negative context in anxiety individuals, this study explored the cognitive neural mechanisms of at different cognitive process amongst 30 college students (high and low anxiety groups of 15 people each) by using event-related potentials (ERPs) measurement and source memory multiple-task paradigm. At first, it was found that the ERPs of fearful was stronger than the neutral background in the condition of hit item w/ source (both the old item and the source were judged correctly), hit item w/o source (the old item was judged correctly and the source was not judged correctly) and latter forgotten (both the old item and the source were not judged correctly) generally in the encoding phase. Combined with the behavior data, reaction times of hit item w/o source in fearful context were fasten than neutral context. Secondly, as for the memory bias, ERPs were more positive in fear context than neutral context at Fcz/Cz/Cpz in the 700-900ms in the high anxiety group under the condition of hit item w/o source. In addition, ERPs were more positive in fear context than neutral context in the 300-500ms under the condition of latter forgotten in the high anxiety group. In conclusion, the memory bias towards negative stimuli in anxiety individuals was found in the encoding phase, indicating that anxiety still had an impact in the early stages of processing, but not in the deep processing.
Systematic Literature Reviews of Architectural Soundscapes Study
Authors: Wiratama Army , Santosa Revianto , Sholihah Arif
Published: September 2024

Sound is an inseparable part of human activity, exhibiting various phenomena related to its source, duration, timing, and interpretation. In residential environments, sound contributes uniquely to each building's character, shaped by its spatial dimensions. This auditory phenomenon is subject to interpretation by both residents and the surrounding environment, though these interpretations may differ. This study aims to explore the boundaries of recent research in soundscape studies, particularly within the field of architecture. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study analyzes journals from the past 20 years using the Publish or Perish (PoP) application and the keywords "Soundscape" and "Architecture" in the Scopus Index. The objective is to present a research map of the past 5 years, identifying patterns and trends in Soundscape Architecture. The findings reveal distinct concentrations in the object of study and scale within the architectural scope, contributing to a deeper understanding of the complexities and nuances of Soundscape Architecture research. Furthermore, this study highlights areas for future investigation and development, emphasizing the evolving nature of this interdisciplinary field.
Causes and Consequences of Conflicts Among Agricultural Communities in Ethiopia: The Case of Tisho Kebele’s Deliberate Attacks on the Yebeno People in Burji Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bulcha Jilo
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted in Burji zone South Ethiopia region. The main intent of the paper was to assess the causes and consequences of Tisho kebele’s deliberate attacks on Yebeno people in mid of April 2024. More precisely, the research was aimed to identify the underlying causes, to investigate the socio-economic effects of the conflicts, to assess the responses provided by Burji zone government to arisen conflict and to propose intervention strategies to end the conflict. As a result, the study employed a descriptive research design and followed qualitative research approach. Besides, the primary data of the study was collected from the kebele leaders, elders and religious leaders through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. To select the respondents who have ample understanding about the conflict the researcher was used the purposive sampling techniques. Moreover, the conceptual information about the conflict was collected from secondary data sources such as journals and articles. Above all, the deliberate attack of Tisho kebele on the Yebeno people were out of the norm of Burji people in their long time history and it was destructive in nature. Due to this, a number of people were displaced and wounds within combination of burning and stealing of resources that estimated in millions of Birr. Thus, it is expected from the concerned stakeholders to search ways how to resolve the arisen conflict as soon as possible.
Non-Designated Preliminary to Categorical Resident: Is It All About the ABSITE?
Authors: St John Ace , Cooper Laura , Kavic Stephen M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Obtaining a categorical general surgery residency position is recognized as a highly challenging process, and many aspiring surgeons find themselves matching into a preliminary position. The American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) is relevant as a discriminator, as it is the only national evaluation metric that compares residents between programs. This study examines the correlation between ABSITE performance and the likelihood of obtaining a categorical position for non-designated preliminary surgery residents.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of preliminary residents who completed the ABSITE between 2011 and 2021 at a single academic training program.

Results

108 preliminary residents were included. Among preliminary residents who were successful in securing a categorical position, the average ABSITE percentile was 59 (SD = 26.7). In contrast, those who were not able to secure a categorical position, the average ABSITE percentile was 23.6 (SD = 25.3). There was a strong significant correlation between ABSITE percentile and securing a categorical position ( P < 0.001). There was a significant association between citizenship and gaining a categorical position, with US citizens being significantly more likely to successfully gain a categorical position ( P = 0.01; OR 3.32 (95% CI 1.28-8.56)). There was not a significant correlation between citizenship and ABSITE score.

Conclusion

This study presents compelling evidence that ABSITE percentile score is positively associated with the probability of securing a categorical position for preliminary general surgery residents. It is therefore imperative that both preliminary residents and their programs place a high value on ABSITE performance to enhance successful career progression.
Implementing Research Into Practice as a Clinical Based New Practitioner Pharmacist
Authors: Stephens Katy , Abboud Karen , Scott Savanna , Lau Maggie
Published: September 2024

Scholarly activities are essential for enhancing the pharmacy profession, as well as for personal career development. New practitioner pharmacists in academic or community medical center settings may hesitate to incorporate research into their practice if they feel that they do not have the appropriate resources and guidance. While residency provides structured support for research endeavors, new pharmacists may still find research activities daunting to initiate on their own. Many factors should be considered, including strategies for incorporating research into current roles, collaboration efforts, professional opportunities, and timeline considerations, to help pharmacists effectively implement research early in their careers. This article provides new practitioners with a roadmap to navigate challenges and achieve success when integrating scholarly activities into their practice.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Operatively Treated Discoid Lateral Meniscus in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Sheasley Jennifer A. , Kirby Julia C. , Niu Emily L. , Gopalan Maya , Carsen Sasha , Stinson Zachary S. , Finlayson Craig J. , Nault Marie-Lyne , Lee R. Jay , Haus Brian M. , Green Daniel W. , Schlechter John A. , Beck Jennifer , Heyworth Benton , Stavinoha Tyler , Nguyen Jie C. , Schmale Gregory A.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is the most common congenital abnormality of the meniscus. Tears are common; treatment is frequently not definitive, often requiring reoperation.

Purpose:

To report the clinical manifestations, physical characteristics, operative treatments and findings, complications, and reoperations of DLM in pediatric patients from multiple centers across North America.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Consecutive patients who underwent treatment for symptomatic DLM at 9 institutions between 2000 and 2020 were included. Patient data, presenting symptoms and signs, surgical findings, treatments rendered, and postoperative complications, including reoperation rates, were collected. Means with ranges and counts with proportions are reported for continuous and categorical variables, respectively, and comparisons were made using either the chi-square or Fisher exact test.

Results:

In total, 784 patients (867 knees) were included with a mean age at diagnosis of 12 years (range, 1-22 years) and a mean follow-up of 22.6 months (range, 0-154 months). Common preoperative symptoms were locking (33%) and snapping (30%). At surgery, tears in the DLM were present in 647 knees (594 patients [76%]); 95 knees (11%) had multiple tears; and in 140 knees, tears extended into >1 zone. Tears, when present, were more common within the posterior horn (41%) or body (34%) than the anterior horn (25%). Peripheral rim instability was reported in 241 knees (28%). Significantly more knees had instability posteriorly (15%; P = .0004) and anteriorly (9%; P = .0013) than along the body (3%). Tear type was most commonly complex (38%) or horizontal (34%). A total of 358 knees in 333 patients with tears (42% of all patients) underwent repair (55% of knees with tears). A total of 175 complications were reported, occurring in 139 knees in 134 patients (17%); 116 of these knees with complications (83%) had a single complication, while 23 (17%) had >1. Of the 784 patients, 105 (13%) underwent reoperation, undergoing 135 additional procedures related to their DLM. Of those, 60 (44%) were repeat arthroscopy and meniscal trim; 40 (30%), arthroscopy and meniscal repair; and 17 (13%), an articular cartilage procedure.

Conclusion:

Locking and snapping were common presenting symptoms. Over three-quarters of patients had meniscal tears, which were most often complex and located posteriorly. Seventeen percent of patients experienced complications, and a sixth of patients with complications had >1. Reoperation was typically for persistent symptoms or meniscal retear.
Intimate Partner Violence Predicts Child Marriage and Pregnancy Among Adolescents in Malawi
Authors: Swain Sonal , Kidman Rachel , Breton Etienne , Chihana Rachel , Kohler Hans-Peter
Published: September 2024

A sizeable literature has shown that child marriage is associated with an increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). However, this research has been cross-sectional, and the temporality of the association has not been investigated. Specifically, no study has yet examined whether IPV is a predictor of child marriage and adolescent pregnancy. This study uses prospective longitudinal data on a cohort of adolescent girls from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health to evaluate whether IPV victimization predicts child marriage or adolescent pregnancy. Using survival models, we find that adolescent girls who experienced physical IPV (measured at survey baseline, in 2017–2018) are more likely to enter child marriages (measured at survey follow-up, in 2021) (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.7 [1.44, 5.08]). Experiencing sexual IPV is also significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy (HR = 1.97 [1.16, 3.33]). These findings indicate the need for greater intervention to ensure healthy adolescent relationships, as well as further research to understand how abusive relationships shape early transitions to adulthood.
Calibrating Trust, Reliance and Dependence in Variable-Reliability Automation
Authors: Holland Christopher , Perry Grace , Neyedli Heather F.
Published: September 2024

Trust and system reliability can influence a user’s dependence on automated systems. This study aimed to investigate how increases and decreases in automation reliability affect users’ trust in these systems and how these changes in trust are associated with users’ dependence on the system. Participants completed a color identification task with the help of an automated aid, where the reliability of this aid either increased from 50% to 100% or decreased from 100% to 50% as the task progressed, depending on which group the participants were assigned to. Participants’ trust, self-confidence, and dependence on the system were measured throughout the experiment. There were no differences in trust between the two groups throughout the experiment; however, participants’ dependence behavior did follow system reliability. These findings highlight that trust is not always correlated with system reliability, and that although trust can often influence dependence, it does not always determine it.
Prevalence and Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy, Its Progression and Regression in Indian Children and Youth With Type-1 Diabetes
Authors: Oza Chirantap , Khadilkar Anuradha , Bhor Shital , Curran Katie , Sambare Chitra , Ladkat Dipali , Bettiol Alessandra , Quinn Michael , Sproule Alan , Willoughby Colin , Peto Tunde
Published: September 2024

Objective:

There are very few reports on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in children and youth with type-1 diabetes (T1D). Studies have also found very low rates of referral for DR screening in children and youth with T1D. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of DR, to study the reliability of ISPAD screening recommendations and to identify predictors of DR, its progression and regression in Indian children and youth with T1D.

Methods:

This study included 882 children and youth with T1D. Demographic data, anthropometry, blood pressure, sexual maturity rating, ophthalmological examination (slit lamp for cataract) and biochemical measurements were performed using standard protocols. Fundus images were captured using the Forus Health 3netra classic digital non-mydriatic fundus camera by the same experienced operator. De-identified images were assessed by a senior grader and ophthalmologist (Belfast Ophthalmic Reading Center). Severity of DR was graded as per the UK National Health Service (NHS) DR classification scale.

Result:

We report 6.4% and 0.2% prevalence of DR and cataract in Indian children and youth with T1D, respectively. All the subjects with DR had early non-proliferative DR. We report that amongst subjects with DR, only 2 subjects were aged less than 11 years and had duration of illness less than 2 years. Presence of hypertension and older age were significant predictors of DR ( P < .05). Subjects with DR had significantly higher triglyceride concentrations ( P < .05), of these, 6.9% had progression and 2.9% had regression at 1 year follow up; the change in glycaemic control was a significant positive predictor of progression of DR ( P < .05). None of the participants included in the study progressed to develop sight-threatening DR.

Conclusion:

DR is not uncommon in Indian children and youth with T1D, thus screening for DR needs to be initiated early, particularly in older individuals with higher disease duration. Controlling blood pressure and triglyceride concentrations may prevent occurrence of DR. Improving glycaemic control may prevent progression of DR in Indian children and youth with T1D.
In the Light: Procedural Legitimacy, the Shadow Docket, and Support for the U.S. Supreme Court
Authors: Davis Taraleigh
Published: September 2024

This article examines the impact of procedural regularity on public perceptions of the U.S. Supreme Court. I argue that substantive legitimacy can stem from procedural regularity. Using a novel 2 × 2 × 2 experimental design I develop and test multiple hypotheses base on a procedural regularity and fairness model. The study analyzes how decisions made via the emergency docket affect both diffuse and specific support for the Court, drawing on a multi-wave survey of 3793 nationally representative respondents. Results reveal that procedural irregularities significantly reduce specific support for the Court, while diffuse support remains largely unaffected. This pattern holds even when controlling for factors such as democratic values, policy agreement, and perceived ideological distance. These findings suggest that the Court’s procedural choices can influence public perceptions, particularly specific support. This research offers important insights into the complex relationship between judicial procedures and public opinion, indicating that at least some of the Court's legitimacy is in its own hands. As debates intensify over the Court's use of expedited procedures, this study provides timely, empirical evidence of their potential consequences.
Three-Dimensional Heart Modeling of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy for In Situ Patient-Specific Simulation to Optimize Septal Myectomy
Authors: Smits Karin C. , Speekenbrink Ron G. H. , Hekman Edsko E. G. , Koenrades Maaike A. , Heeringa Tijn J. P. , Arens Jutta , Halfwerk Frank R.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) develops in at least 1 out of 715 young adults. Patients who are refractory to medical therapy qualify for septal myectomy. Due to anatomy, serious complications such as ventricular septal defect and heart block may occur. Establishing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)–based 3-dimensional (3D) models as part of preoperative planning and training has the potential to decrease procedure-related complications and improve results.

Methods:

CMR images were used to segment cardiac structures. Left ventricular wall thickness was calculated and projected on top of the in silico model. A 3D model was printed with a red layer indicating a wall thickness exceeding 15 mm and used for preoperative resection planning and patient counseling. To provide preoperative patient-specific in situ simulation, the planned resection volume was replaced with silicone in a second model. For perioperative quality control, resected silicone was compared with resected myocardial tissue. The impact of the models was evaluated descriptively through consultation of both the cardiothoracic surgeon and patients and through patient outcomes.

Results:

Three-dimensional in silico and 3D-printed heart models of 5 patients were established preoperatively. Since the introduction of the models in October 2020, the surgeon feels better prepared, more confident, and less difficulty with making decisions. In addition, patients feel better informed preoperatively.

Conclusions:

Using 3D heart models optimized preoperative planning and training, intraoperative quality control, and patient consultation. Reduction of procedure-related complications and clinical outcome should be studied in larger cohorts.
Unusual clinical presentation of a giant parathyroid adenoma: A case report from Morocco highlighting the rare entity and atypical symptoms
Authors: Sfar Kaouthar , Maslouhi Kaoutar , Faraj Chaymae , Chait Fatima , Elouazzani Hafsa , Cherradi Nadia , Fikri Meriem , Ech-Cherif El Kettani Najwa , Jiddane Mohamed , Touarsa Firdaous
Published: September 2024

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), an endocrine disorder most commonly caused by parathyroid adenoma (PTA), manifests with a diverse array of symptoms, reflecting the multisystem impact of parathyroid hormone: nephrolithiasis, peptic ulcer disease, psychiatric disorders, muscle weakness, constipation, polyuria, pancreatitis, myalgia, and arthralgia. Rarely do these PTA attain a significant size. PHPT is usually diagnosed through biochemical tests, and radiological imaging characterizes the adenoma. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are useful in explaining the large adenoma size. Here, we report a rare case of a 60-year-old female from Morocco who presented with marked dyspnea due to a giant PTA.
Examining Discussions Related to Transgender Athletes on Twitter: The Role of Negative Emotion on Message Engagement
Authors: Calabrese Christopher , Yu Xudong , Oh Yoo Jung
Published: September 2024

Several states have enacted laws prohibiting transgender athletes from competing in sports that align with their gender identity. The present study seeks to explore the role of negative emotions and their relation to the rise of online discussions surrounding transgender athletes. We examined whether posts expressing anger and fear impacted message engagement through capturing all related posts ( N = 658,207) from September 2017 to September 2022. To determine the stance of tweets that expressed negative emotion, we then conducted a quantitative content analysis of posts expressing anger and fear. Overall, we find that posts expressing anger were associated with increased message engagement, while fear was associated with decreased engagement. Our content analysis revealed that tweets expressing either negative emotion were both in support and in opposition of issues related to transgender athletes. While it may appear that users hold a predominantly negative view towards the topic of transgender athletes due to expressed anger and fear, our study reveals they may in fact have a more diverse range of perspectives on these related issues. Practical implications are discussed.
Recovery of copper from ammonia–ammonium chloride leach liquor using sterically hindered beta-diketone
Authors: Balogun Ayo F. , Baba Alafara A. , Olaoluwa Daud T.
Published: September 2024

In this study, the recovery of copper from ammonia–ammonium chloride (NH3–NH4Cl) leach liquor using sterically hindered beta-diketone (β-diketones), a well-known extractant, was investigated. The experimental approach entails studying how various factors, including extraction time, concentration of the extractant, pH, phase ratio, and temperature, impact the effectiveness of copper extraction. The most favourable conditions for extracting copper from ammoniacal solutions containing 871.27 mg/L Cu2+, 1.75 mol/L NH3, and 0.5 mol/L NH4Cl were determined. Optimal copper extraction was achieved through a one-stage solvent extraction process at a phase ratio of 1 : 1, utilising sulphonated kerosene containing 0.25 mol/L of β-diketones. This extraction process lasted for 10 min and yielded a copper extraction efficiency of 75.10%. Additionally, a stripping ratio of 98.52% was achieved from the loaded organic phase through a one-stage stripping procedure at a phase ratio of 1 : 1, conducted at a temperature of 298 ± 0.5 K.
The Complete Turnaround of a Boutique Bank: A Practical Guide to Leading a Complex Transformation
Authors: Ayas Karen
Published: September 2024

In a remarkable five-year journey, Bank Leumi USA completed a major transformation with a range of dramatic effects. Through a close examination of the Leumi case, Karen Ayas illustrates an approach designed to increase the odds of success in transformation and offers practical guidance to those embarking on similar journeys.
Accuracy of CAD4TB (Computer-Aided Detection for Tuberculosis) on paediatric chest radiographs
Authors: Edem Victory Fabian , Nkereuwem Esin , Agbla Schadrac C. , Owusu Sheila A. , Sillah Abdou K. , Saidy Binta , Jallow Musa B. , Forson Audrey G. , Egere Uzochukwu , Kampmann Beate , Togun Toyin
Published: September 2024

Background

Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems hold promise for improving tuberculosis (TB) detection on digital chest radiographs. However, data on their performance in exclusively paediatric populations are scarce.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluating the performance of CAD4TBv7 (Computer-Aided Detection for Tuberculosis version 7) using digital chest radiographs from well-characterised cohorts of Gambian children aged <15 years with presumed pulmonary TB. The children were consecutively recruited between 2012 and 2022. We measured CAD4TBv7 performance against a microbiological reference standard (MRS) of confirmed TB, and also performed Bayesian latent class analysis (LCA) to address the inherent limitations of the MRS in children. Diagnostic performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and point estimates of sensitivity and specificity.

Results

A total of 724 children were included in the analysis, with confirmed TB in 58 (8%), unconfirmed TB in 145 (20%) and unlikely TB in 521 (72%). Using the MRS, CAD4TBv7 showed an AUROC of 0.70 (95% CI 0.60–0.79), and demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 19.0% (95% CI 11–31%) and 99.0% (95% CI 98.0–100.0%), respectively. Applying Bayesian LCA with the assumption of conditional independence between tests, sensitivity and specificity estimates for CAD4TBv7 were 42.7% (95% CrI 29.2–57.5%) and 97.9% (95% CrI 96.6–98.8%), respectively. When allowing for conditional dependence between culture and Xpert assay, CAD4TBv7 demonstrated a sensitivity of 50.3% (95% CrI 32.9–70.0%) and specificity of 98.0% (95% CrI 96.7–98.9%).

Conclusion

Although CAD4TBv7 demonstrated high specificity, its suboptimal sensitivity underscores the crucial need for optimisation of CAD4TBv7 for detecting TB in children.
Effectiveness of NSW health get healthy telephone coaching in adults screened from general practices
Authors: Attia John , Weaver Natasha , Peel Roseanne , Fleming Kerry , Holliday Elizabeth , Rissel Chris , Bauman Adrian , Wiggers John , Acharya Shamasunder , Luu Judy , Reeves Penny , McEvoy Mark , Hure Alexis
Published: September 2024

Background

The effectiveness of the NSW Health “Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service®”(Get Healthy) to facilitate weight loss on a population scale has been documented, but this was based on self-reported measures. Our study aims to test the effectiveness of the Get Healthy Service on objectively measured weight, BMI, waist circumference, and changes in other health behaviours, including nutrition, physical activity and alcohol intake.

Methods

Men and women aged 40–70 years (n = 154) with pre-diabetes (5.7% < HbA1c < 6.5%) were referred from GP Practices to the Get Healthy Service, NSW Health. A subset (n = 98) participated in the “Zinc In Preventing the Progression of pre-Diabetes” (ZIPPeD) trial (ACTRN12618001120268).

Results

The self-reported outcomes showed a statistically significant improvement from baseline to 12 months in weight (mean 2.7 kg loss, p < 0.001), BMI (mean 1 unit reduction, p < 0.001), and waist circumference (mean 4.3 cm reduction, p < 0.001). However, in the objectively measured outcomes from ZIPPeD, the differences were more modest, with point estimates of 0.8 kg mean weight loss (p = 0.1), 0.4 unit reduction in BMI (p = 0.03), and 1.8 cm reduction in waist circumference (p = 0.04). Bland-Altman plots indicated that discrepancies were due to a small number of participants who dramatically underestimated their weight or BMI. There were minimal changes in nutrition, physical activity, and alcohol.

Conclusions

The potential benefits of Get Healthy should be interpreted with caution as we have shown significant differences between self-reported and objectively measured values. More valid and objective evidence is needed to determine the program’s effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
Transforming researchers into writers through a series of semi-structured writing retreats: a mixed methods study
Authors: Bonnamy James , Bugeja Lyndal , Morphet Julia , Russo Philip L. , Brand Gabrielle
Published: September 2024

Aim

To evaluate the experience and effectiveness of six semi-structured writing retreats on research publication quantity and quality for nursing and midwifery academics and research students.

Background

Research publications are necessary to develop a track record to gain competitive funding and for promotion. Publications also improve the standing of universities because their performance is measured in-part by research outputs. However, there are challenges to writing for publication, especially for new nursing and midwifery academics and research students. Therefore, four of the authors initiated semi-structured writing retreats to support nursing and midwifery academics and research students to overcome these challenges.

Methods

A mixed methods exploratory sequential design consisting of two distinct phases and data collection methods. In phase one, an online evaluation was administered to collect participant experiences which were then analysed using content analysis. In phase two, data about the quantity and quality of publications arising from each retreat was collected, and descriptive statistics performed.

Results

A total of 70 participants responded to the online evaluation. Qualitative analysis of their responses demonstrated that the writing retreats were highly valued as they offered a collaborative environment with dedicated time to focus on writing for publication. Quantitative analysis identified 81 publications were planned over the six writing retreats. Of these, 60 have been published, 5 are under review, 5 have not yet been submitted, and 11 were abandoned.

Conclusions

Findings demonstrated that our six semi-structured writing retreats enabled and developed nursing and midwifery academics and research students writing for publication. Semi-structured writing retreats are a research investment that enabled preparation of high-quality publications by offering protected time to write, expert peer review and collaboration and networking opportunities.
Public service motivation, public sector preference and employment of Kenyan medical doctor interns: a cross-sectional and prospective study
Authors: Mbuthia Daniel , Zhao Yingxi , Gathara David , Nicodemo Catia , McGivern Gerry , Nzinga Jacinta , English Mike
Published: September 2024

Background

Kenya grapples with a paradox; severe public sector workforce shortages co-exist with rising unemployment among healthcare professionals. Medical schools have increased trainee outputs, but only 45% of newly qualified/registered doctors were absorbed by the public sector during 2015–2018. In such a context, we explore what influences doctors’ career choices at labour market entry, specifically understanding the role of public service motivation (PSM).

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study of interns and recently graduated doctors to examine PSM, their intention to work in the public sector and their final employment sector and status. We surveyed them on their PSM and job intentions and conducted a prospective follow-up survey of the interns, around one year later, to understand their employment status.

Findings

We recruited 356 baseline participants and followed up 76 out of 129 eligible interns. The overall PSM score was high among all participants (rated 4.50/5.00) irrespective of sector preferences. 48% (171/356) of the participants preferred to work in the public sector immediately after internship, alongside 16% (57/356) preferring direct entry into specialist training—commonly in the public sector. Only 13% (46/356) and 7% (25/365) preferred to work in the private or faith-based sector. Despite the high proportion of interns preferring public sector jobs, only 17% (13/76) were employed in the public sector at follow-up and 13% (10/76) were unemployed, due to lack of job availability.

Conclusion

High PSM scores irrespective of sector preferences suggest that doctors are generally committed to serving the ‘public good’. Many intended to work in the public sector but were unable to due to lack of job opportunities. Policymakers have an opportunity to tackle workforce gaps in the public sector as young doctors continue to express a preference for such work. To do this they should prioritise creating adequate and sustainable job opportunities.