bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Investigation on the High Temperature Capability Limits of APS YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings at ~1500°C: Preliminary Laser-Rig Testing Results
Authors: Lima R. S. , Marple B. R.
Published: April 2023

The objective of this present work is to obtain preliminary data to check the validity of the current 1300 °C upper temperature limit of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) YSZ thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). To accomplish this objective, optimized YSZ coating systems were sprayed onto CMSX-4 substrate pucks and their thermal cycling performance was evaluated using a laser rig. Test samples were operated under a temperature gradient of 1500 °C at the coating frontside and 1000 °C at the substrate backside. Two heating-cooling sequences were applied: 5 min of heating and 2 min of cooling for 1000 cycles and 1 h of heating and 2 min of cooling for 10 cycles. In both cases, no TBC failures were observed.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Novel Lanthanum Zirconate Based Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Guo X. , Lu Z. , Jung Y.-G. , Li L. , Knapp J. , Zhang J.
Published: April 2023

This study evaluates the thermal and mechanical properties of plasma-sprayed lanthanum zirconate thermal barrier coatings and compares them with conventional 8YSZ TBCs. The La2Zr2O7 coatings were found to have a lower thermal conductivity than 8YSZ, although this is offset by lower bond cap tensile strength and poor erosion resistance. A double-layered structure with a La2Zr2O7 coating on porous YSZ was also tested and is shown to have better thermal shock performance than single-layer La2Zr2O7 and double-layer structures formed on dense 8YSZ sublayers.
Implementing the Equation of State to Account for the Density Variation at the Inlet Boundaries for High Velocity Oxy Gas Fuel Process
Authors: Aldosari M. , Benyounis K. Y. , Stokes J.
Published: April 2023

The gas dynamics of high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spraying can be described by conservation continuum equations of mass continuity, κ-ε models for turbulence, Navier-Stokes, and the equation of state, the latter accounting for density variations in the flow field. In previous work, a reduced kinetic eddy dissipation model has been validated against measured data, but only for constant mass flow. In this study, the equation of state for HVOF spraying is implemented in numerical modeling software in order to correlate variations in mass flow density with pressure and temperature. The results show how the temperature and pressure of the gases at the inlet of the nozzle, prior to entering the combustion chamber, influence combustion pressure as well as the compressibility of the gases before expanding to ambient pressure.
Effect of Chemical Surface Treatment of Polymer Composites on the Formation of Erosion-Resistant Coatings
Authors: Elrikh A. , Dolhen M. , Goutier S. , Armstrong G. , Vardelle A.
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to improve the surface properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) to facilitate the deposition of a ceramic erosion-resistant coating by air plasma spraying (APS). To avoid mechanical damage induced by grit blasting, the CFRP substrate was chemically etched to remove the majority of superficial epoxy, which is responsible for the poor adhesion of ceramic coatings. Chemical etch times of around 5 min were found to be the most effective, although remaining regions of epoxy interfered with the formation of alumina coatings. To overcome the problem, plasma spray parameters were adjusted, resulting in high-velocity, partially melted alumina particles capable of removing epoxy left on substrate surfaces. Using a combination of chemical etching and the modified spraying process, continuous 50 µm thick alumina coatings are achievable on polymer-matrix composite substrates.
Improving Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Electrolyte Layers of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Use of Powder Separator
Authors: Liu T. , Arnold J.
Published: April 2023

In this work, a dense YSZ coating with homogenous structure was produced by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) on a NiO-YSZ anode supported by a porous metal substrate. A powder separator was used to limit fluctuations in the particle stream, thus stabilizing the process. During feeding, the YSZ powder was separated into fine particles that were fed directly to the plasma and coarse particles that were collected and reused. The coatings obtained exhibited high homogeneity both across the surface and through the thickness. SEM images showed that the YSZ layer was crack-free and that its porosity ratio rivaled that of vacuum plasma sprayed zirconia when two separators were used. Based on these observations and the results of gas leak rate measurements, the potential of online powder separation to improve SOFC electrolyte performance has been established.
Education, Training and Certification for Thermal Spraying: Experiences and Future Development
Authors: Huber R. , Ohliger-Volmer A.
Published: April 2023

Experience has shown that qualified supervisors and skilled workers are essential for manufacturing premium-quality thermal spray products. This paper describes the training defined by EWF guidelines and reviews prevailing curricula. Changes and reforms associated with DIN EN ISO 14922 and ISO Norm 14918 are also presented along with emerging trends in thermal spray training and certification.
Substrate Preparation and Thermal Spray Coating Performance—A Review
Authors: Aulakh S. S. , Kaushal G.
Published: April 2023

Coating adhesion has a major effect on the performance of thermal spray coatings and is in large part determined by the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the substrate surface. This paper reviews some of the work that has been done to optimize the surface of different materials for thermal spraying. It covers a number of substrate preparation methods, including grit blasting, laser ablation, laser surface texturing, and dry ice blasting, and explains how different process variables affect surface roughness and bond strength.
Wear Behavior of Post-Treated Arc Sprayed Cermet Coatings by Means of Hammer Peening
Authors: Tillmann W. , Hagen L.
Published: April 2023

This study evaluates the effect of hammer peening on the wear behavior of cermet coatings. WC-FeCMnSi coatings were produced by twin wire arc spraying and post-treated on a five-axis machining center equipped with pneumatic peen. The surface topography of the peened coatings was examined and compared to as-sprayed and polished samples. Dry sliding friction and abrasive wear tests showed that the treated coatings had lower friction coefficients, but were less wear resistant than non-treated samples. Likewise, strain hardening effects revealed by nanoindentation testing were offset by process-induced cracking of embedded carbides, which contributes to break-outs and third-body wear.
Closed-Loop Control Tools for Automated Laser Cladding Processes
Authors: Wank A. , Beck F. , Schmengler C. , Zierhut J. , Kloiber K.
Published: April 2023

This paper demonstrates the use of two laser cladding automation tools, one that automates laser power and one that automates laser head positioning. Both tools are based on intelligent cameras that evaluate recordings from the cladding zone through the optical path of the laser. The laser power tool monitors and controls local emission from the laser cladding process. The position control tool detects distances between edges on component surfaces and generates an error correction signal based on edge-geometry and material data and various process settings. Examples in which the closed-loop tools are used to clad thin-walled tubes with different alloys and fill irregular grooves on shafts are presented.
Alternative Industrial Surface Solutions
Authors: Nielsen P. T. , Nielsen S. E.
Published: April 2023

This paper discusses some of the practical uses of laser cladding and laser fusing in part manufacturing and component repair. It provides an overview of both processes and the types of surfaces they can produce. It presents application examples for each process and interprets corrosion and wear properties of the respective coatings. It also discusses the benefits of repair friendly surfaces.
Nanostructure Development of Low Pressure Plasma Sprayed Coatings with Nano-Agglomerated YSZ Feedstock
Authors: Gao Y. , Yang D.
Published: April 2023

In this study, an internal injection plasma torch is used to deposit nano-agglomerated YSZ feedstock powders on superalloy substrates at low ambient pressures ranging from 5000 Pa to 6000 Pa. Coatings with unique fully nano-equiaxed structures were obtained when operating the torch below 300 A. With increasing current, up to 700 A, coatings with mixed-grain and eventually large-grain structures were produced. Experimental results suggest that the equiaxed nanoscale structure derives from the original agglomerated nanoparticles that had undergone melting while inside the nozzle of the plasma torch and were subsequently solidified or sintered in the coating. Coating hardness and elastic modulus were also measured and are shown to correspond with microstructure.
Flexure Strength of Metal Mesh Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composite Fabricated Using Plasma Spray Method
Authors: Mohammadi T. , Huang X.
Published: April 2023

Many ceramic materials are microstructurally stable at high temperatures, but exhibit poor mechanical properties under load. In this study, a Ni-base superalloy wire mesh is used as a reinforcement to strengthen a 6.15 mm thick layer of plasma-sprayed YSZ. The flexural performance of the ceramic matrix composite (CMC), as determined by a three-point bend test, exceeds that of monolithic YSZ in terms of peak load and displacement before fracture. Heat treatment of the CMC further increases the load at the onset of crack initiation due to enhanced bonding between the constituent materials.
The Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Zirconia Coatings Having Various Microstructures
Authors: Sokołowski P. , Mejias A. , Chicot D. , Musalek R. , Nylen P. , Pawłowski L.
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the microstructure and morphology of zirconia coatings and demonstrates the calculation of elastic modulus and Martens hardness based on instrumented indentation test results. Coatings samples varying in microstructure, phase content, and chemical composition were deposited by suspension plasma spraying using different torches and different suspension formulations. Coatings produced from low-concentration suspensions with submicron-size powders had a columnar structure with long vertical pores between the columns and fine spherical pores within the columns. Coatings made from suspensions with high concentrations of solids and coarser, more irregular powders, on the other hand, were more uniform and their surfaces smoother. They are also shown to be harder and have higher elastic modulus based on indentation test results.
Residual Stresses Measurement in Plasma Sprayed TBCs with Cold Sprayed Bond Coats by Photoluminescence Piezospectroscopy
Authors: Lima C. R. C. , Dosta S. , Guilemany J. M. , Clarke D. R.
Published: April 2023

A non-destructive inspection technique known as photoluminescence piezospectroscopy (PLPS) has been used to measure residual stresses in thermally grown oxide layers in TBCs subjected to thermal cycling at 1121 °C. YSZ topcoats were applied by atmospheric plasma spraying on cold-sprayed bond-coated Ni superalloy substrates. Residual stresses were analyzed as a function of thermal exposure. Changes in stress were used to indicate spallation and damage degree in the coating system.
Process Simulation & Modeling in HVOF Qualification and Optimization
Authors: Zeng L. , Ramsey B.
Published: April 2023

In this work, process models combining statistics, materials science, and mechanics were developed to optimize and qualify HVOF sprayed coatings as if for aerospace application. In an attempt to correlate process variables with typical coating properties, a preliminary microstructure model was developed using statistical data obtained from 34 design-of-experiments runs. A second model, based on fatigue testing, was also developed. The fatigue model was subsequently used to guide the selection of variables for a final model that is shown to aid in both process qualification and the optimization of process-operating parameters.
Performance and Economic Characteristics of Multi-Chamber Detonation Sprayer Used in Thermal Spray Technology
Authors: Tyurin Y. , Kolisnichenko O. , Jia J. , Vasilik N. , Kovaleva M. , Prozorova M. , Arseenko M. , Sirota V.
Published: April 2023

This paper describes the basic design and operation of a multi-chamber detonation sprayer (MCDS) and explains how it differs from conventional detonation sprayers and other spraying methods. It presents and analyzes ceramic, metal, and cermet coatings produced with the new sprayer, highlighting its ability to deposit low-melting point and refractory materials. It compares the efficiency and operating costs of the MCDS with some of the more common HVOF torches and reviews the coating properties that have been achieved with different powders and spraying parameters.
An Investigation of the Corrosion and Fouling Resistance of ZnNi/Cr2O3-TiO2-CuO-SiO2/PTFE Composite Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Li Q.-Y. , Cheng X.-D. , Ye W.-P.
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the formation of ZnNi/Cr2O3-TiO2-CuO-SiO2/PTFE composite ceramic coatings by atmospheric plasma spraying and assesses their ability to improve the corrosion, friction, and wear performance of reciprocating parts. The as-sprayed coatings were examined then subjected to a series of tests to evaluate corrosion and fouling resistance. Reciprocating parts that had been coated were relatively intact after 5000 h in a realistic ocean environment. Cyclical changes in coating weights were found to be influenced by the dissolution of oxide films and the accumulation of secondary products. PTFE proved to be an effective sealing agent, reducing mass loss and porosity by approximately 30%.
Hierarchical Macro/Nano Titanium Coating Promotes Cell Differentiation Via ROCK-Regulated Synergistic Cytoskeletal Distribution
Authors: Pan H. , Xie Y. , Zheng X. , Tang T.
Published: April 2023

Nanomodified plasma-sprayed titanium coatings have been shown in various studies to improve the early osseointegration of orthopedic implants, although little attention has been paid to the interactions that occur between coating surfaces and osteoblast cells. The aim of this study is to determine how surface structure influences cytoskeleton distribution and cellular differentiation and to assess the role of topography in regulating osteogenic fate. The results show that synergistic effects are achieved on hierarchically structured surfaces, with better cell spreading on nanotexture and multidimensional cytoskeleton distribution occurring over rough macroporous structure. Evidence of greater cytoskeleton reorganization and higher intracellular tension was also revealed.
Dense YSZ Coatings Fabricated by Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Shao F. , Zhao H. , Liu C. , Zhong X. , Zhuang Y. , Ni J. , Tao S.
Published: April 2023

In the present work, YSZ coatings were deposited on graphite substrates by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) in order to study the influence of spray distance on microstructure and durability. Four coating samples were examined in detail via SEM and XRD analysis. The results show that the as-sprayed YSZ has a dense lamellar-columnar microstructure with low porosity. Both monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia were detected in the coatings along with ZrO2-x, the latter indicating that oxygen loss occurred at short spraying distances. Coating hardness and Young’s modulus were also measured and were found to vary with spraying distance as well.
Tubular Asymmetric La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ Oxygen Transport Membranes Prepared by Plasma Spraying-Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD) and Supersonic Air-Gas Plasma Spraying (SAPS)
Authors: Niu S. , Zhou K. , Xu L. , Deng C. , Liu M. , Mao J.
Published: April 2023

Tubular asymmetric LSCF oxygen transport membranes (OTMs) were prepared on stainless steel substrates by PS-PVD and supersonic air-gas plasma spraying (SAPS). The microstructure of the thermally sprayed OTMs is examined by cross-sectional imaging and oxygen permeability is assessed via oxygen permeation flux measurements carried out at atmospheric pressure in an air-helium gradient. The findings from the cross-sectional analysis and oxygen permeation tests are reported and discussed.
Study on the Thermal Spray Process and the Properties of WC-12Co and WC-10Co-4Cr Coatings
Authors: Zhu W. , Xu J. , Wang Q. , Tan X.
Published: April 2023

WC-Co and WC-Co-Cr coatings were deposited on Q345 steel substrates by HVOF and plasma spraying. Coating hardness was measured and corrosion and wear tests were conducted. In terms of hardness and density, the HVOF sprayed WC-Co coating is shown to be superior to its plasma sprayed counterpart. The WC-Co-Cr coatings, on the other hand, exhibited better wear and corrosion resistance, especially the coating produced by HVOF spraying.
Laser Re-Melting Assisted with Induction Heating of Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Wang R. , Dong X. , Fan Z. , Wang K. , Duan W. , Mei X. , Wang W. , Cui J.
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the effects of laser remelting on plasma sprayed YSZ thermal barrier coatings using a pulsed laser with and without induction preheating. It is shown that induction preheating decreases the laser threshold energy required for full remelting, which effectively reduces crack density. Induction preheating also helps in developing a steadier melt temperature and in decreasing thermal gradients between successive remelting passes. XRD analysis shows that it can reduce the amount of monoclinic phase as well.
Characterization of CrMoBW-Fe Base In-Flight Particles and Splats Fabricated by Nano Cored Wire Arc Spraying
Authors: Man T. , Kiattisak M. , Komsanti C. , Sittichai W.
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the relationship between in-flight particle characteristics, splat formation, and microstructure of CrMoBW-Fe base nanocomposite coatings produced by wire arc spraying. Focused ion beam milling was used to prepare transversal cross-sections of in-flight particles and splats for SE-SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis. The results show that particle size and splat morphology greatly influence the microstructure and properties of the coatings. In-flight particles were found to have a spherical shape with a broad size distribution ranging from 0.8 to 115 μm. The particles were well flattened on impact, resulting in flower-shaped splats with an average diameter of 100 μm. Splats were very thin with fine lamella structure, implying that the particles were fully melted at the time of impact.
Research to the Coating Properties of Different Nickel-Chromium Alloy for Cr3C2-25%NiCr Powders by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spray
Authors: Li Z. , Yu Y.
Published: April 2023

In this study, 1-1.5 μm chromium carbide particles are used to prepare CrC-NiCr and CrC-Ni-Cr powders by spray drying and vacuum sintering with the aim of optimizing the properties while minimizing the cost of HVOF-sprayed NiCr-CrC coatings. The powders are characterized by means of SEM and XRD analysis and the coatings are evaluated based on microstructure, microhardness, bonding strength, and erosion resistance.
Tribological Behavior of Arc Sprayed and Compressed Coatings with Different Carbide Grain Size Fraction
Authors: Tillmann W. , Hagen L. , Schröder P.
Published: April 2023

This study assesses the effect of machine hammer peening (MHP) and carbide grain size fraction on the friction and wear behavior of arc-sprayed WC-W2C FeCMnSi coatings. SEM examination shows that post-treatment by MHP compresses the coating, reducing both thickness and porosity, particularly in coatings with ultrafine carbides. The treatments also cause cracking, however, especially in carbide phases. Ball-on-disk tests were carried out on as-sprayed and treated samples to determine sliding wear and friction properties, and dry sand rubber wheel tests were used to evaluate abrasion resistance. SEM and EDX analyses before and after wear testing show how coating microstructure and grain size correlate with the friction and wear test results obtained and the given surface treatments.
Cold Spray Coatings for Spacecrafts Low-Temperature Soldering Application
Authors: Cui Q. , Zhang J. , Bai J. , Zhang L. , Wang B. , Ma G. , Wen C. , Li L. , Wen Q.
Published: April 2023

In this study, cold sprayed Cu approximately 40 to 60 μm in thickness is deposited on 6063 and LD10 aluminum plate to improve wettability for low temperature soldering and to serve as a barrier layer to protect the substrate from gallium diffusion originating in the solder paste. The effect of the coating on wettability, diffusion, solder joint interface microstructure, and shear strength is investigated in detail.
Effect of Nozzle Material on Downstream Lateral Injection Cold Spray Performance
Authors: MacDonald D. , Leblanc-Robert S. , Fernández R. , Farjam A. , Jodoin B.
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the effect of nozzle material on cold sprayed aluminum coatings produced using a downstream lateral injection system. It is shown through experimentation that nozzle material has a significant impact on deposition efficiency and particle velocity. It is proposed that the effects are related to complex interactions between particles and internal nozzle walls. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that nozzles with higher thermal diffusivity transfer more heat to particles when they make contact with internal surfaces, which increases deposition efficiency even though particle velocities are reduced.
Feature of Interfacial Bonding Achieved by Medium-Velocity Particle Impacts In Cold Spray
Authors: Li Y.-J. , Wei Y.-K. , Luo X.-T. , Li C.-J.
Published: April 2023

Interparticle bonding is considered the most important factor in cold sprayed coatings, determining mechanical properties as well as physical and chemical behaviors. In this study, a Cu feedstock with low oxygen content is deposited with relatively high spray pressure and temperature in order to improve interparticle bonding and obtain a coating cohesive strength. Mechanical bonding between deposited particles is deduced from fracture morphology and the deformation behavior of Cu particles is simulated by finite element analysis.
Flame Sprayed HDPE-Cu Composite Coatings: An Innovative Technique for Constructing Antifouling Layers
Authors: Jia Z. M. , Suo X. K. , Gong Y. F. , Liu Y. , Jin P. P. , Li H.
Published: April 2023

This paper describes the fabrication of corrosion-resistant HDPE coatings with antifouling properties achieved through the dispersion of Cu particles. The main feedstock powder was prepared by coating HDPE particles with a 1 μm thick Cu shell via electroless plating. The coated particles were flame sprayed as a topcoat over HDPE and Cu layers that had been deposited on mild steel substrates. SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis was used to examine the coatings and feedstock powders. After neutral salt spray testing for 14 days, the HDPE-Cu coatings were found to be relatively intact. Coating samples of various types were also immersed in bacteria-containing artificial seawater for three days. Field-emission SEM showed that the attachment of Bacillus sp., which successfully colonized on HDPE surfaces, was significantly constrained on pure copper and HDPE-Cu composite coatings. Some of the proposed theories on how Cu ions inhibit the formation of biofilms are discussed.
Influence of HVOF Spray Process on Performances of NiCrAl Coatings
Authors: Lu X. , Ji X. , Hou W. , Shen J.
Published: April 2023

This paper presents research results showing how spraying distance affects the bonding strength, porosity, microhardness, and deposition efficiency of HVOF-sprayed NiCrAl coatings. The coatings examined were deposited on quenched 1045 steel substrates at spraying distances of 340, 360, and 380 mm. At the optimal standoff distance of 360 mm with kerosene and oxygen flow rates at 22 L/h and 850 L/min, respectively, NiCrAl coatings were achieved with a bonding strength of 66 MPa, microhardness of 418.56 HV0.3, porosity of 1.1%, and deposition efficiency of 65.3%.
Nitrogen-Dioxide Sensing Properties of Solution Precursor Plasma Sprayed Zinc Oxide Coatings with Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Zhang C. , Geng X. , Wang J. , You J.
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the feasibility of using solution precursor plasma sprayed (SPPS) zinc oxide to fabricate NO2 gas sensors. In the experiments, thin ZnO layers were deposited on Al2O3 substrates that had been printed with interdigitated gold electrodes. FE-SEM images show that the as-sprayed films are highly porous and nanostructured as desired. Diffuse reflectance measurements reveal that significant absorption occurs in the visible light range. In gas sensing tests, the SPPS ZnO films were responsive to concentrations of NO2 gas down to 0.4 ppm. The performance is attributed to the porous nanostructure and the presence of oxygen vacancies, or mid-bandgap defects, as confirmed by XPS analysis.
Effect of TiO2 and TiB2 Compounds on the Microstructure and Infrared Emissivity of Spinel Ni-Cr Oxide Coatings Prepared by APS
Authors: Zou J. , Ye W. P. , Dong S. R. , Nie Z. , Cheng X. D.
Published: April 2023

In this study, high-emissivity NiCr oxide coatings, one with TiO2 and one with TiB2 compounds, were deposited on stainless steel substrates by spray granulation and atmospheric plasma spraying. The main phases in both coatings are NiTiO3, spinel (NiCr2O4), and residual Cr2O3. The emissivity of the layer with TiO2 was found to be higher in the 2.5-8 μm range than that of the layer with TiB2, which is attributed to higher surface roughness and larger particle size. These results indicate that the NiCr oxide coatings with TiO2 compounds are more suitable for high-temperature IR applications.
Vacuum Plasma Spray of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Coatings
Authors: Xu P. , Pershin L. , Coyle T. W. , Mostaghimi J.
Published: April 2023

In this study, zirconia coatings were fabricated by vacuum plasma spraying using hollow spherical and fused and crushed YSZ powders. Relationships between spray parameters and in-flight particle velocities and temperatures were investigated in real time and correlated with coating microstructure and density obtained under vacuum as well as atmospheric spraying conditions. The results indicate that plasma sprayed particles reach higher velocities under vacuum and slightly higher temperatures in atmospheric conditions. Powder morphology and structure play a major role in determining coating microstructure and porosity, especially in vacuum spraying. The fused and crushed powder yielded the densest coatings under the vacuum process conditions employed.
Effect of Oxidation on the Bonding Formation of Plasma-Sprayed Stainless Steel Splats Sprayed onto Stainless Steel Substrate
Authors: Wang J. , Li C.-J.
Published: April 2023

In this study, stainless steel splats were deposited on preheated stainless steel substrates with oxide scales of different thickness in inert low-pressure plasma spay (LPPS) conditions to examine the effect of in-situ oxidation of prior splats on the morphology and bonding of subsequently formed splats. Splat-substrate interface cross-sections were prepared by focus-ion-beam milling. Splat morphology and bonding state with the substrate were characterized by SEM. The results show that with oxide films up to 35 nm thick, disk-type splats are deposited that bond well to the substrate except in the periphery region. As oxide films become thicker (100 nm) and present a surface with micro-scale roughness, splats take on a finger-like shape with poor bonding at the interface.
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTOF SOLAR DRYER USINGAN AUXILIARY HEAT SOURCE UNDER DIFFERENT VALUES OF AIRFLOW RATES
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, Alkahdery L.A.
Published: April 2023

One of the most crucial methods for preserving agricultural produce is solar drying. The major focus of this paper is increasing solar drying systems' effectiveness. The development of new methods and variables that may have an impact on the functionality of solar dryers aids in enhancing their efficiency. An indirect-type solar dryer for drying agricultural products is proposed and developed in this study. A dryer consisting of a solar flat plate air collector, an insulated drying chamber, an auxiliary (electric) heat source, and an electric fan is constructed to improve the dryer's performance. The dryer's most typical function is to blow hot air at the product, forcing the water in it to evaporate. The effect of air temperature and velocity on evaporation rate has been studied experimentally. Tests with three different airflow rates—0.042, 0.0735, and 0.105 m3/s—are conducted. When there is little or no solar radiation, an auxiliary heater is used to provide sufficient heat. For varying airflow rates, solar mode and electrical mode were tested experimentally with only one energy source in each mode. The findings revealed that using a different heat source in addition to solar radiation will allow you to keep the air temperature in the drying chamber between 32oCand 42oC. Also, it was found that for the whole drying process at high air velocities, the temperature had less influence on the dryer's performance.
Study of the influence of radiation-induced damage accumulation during the interaction of heavy Xe22+ ions on changes in the thermophysical parameters of zirconia ceramics
Authors:   nstitute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan2NPJSCL.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan, A.L. Kozlovskiy A.L.
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of the processes of radiation-induced damage formation in the form of point defects, dislocations and vacancies, as well as their accumulation and the formation of locally disorderedregions in the near-surface layer of zirconia ceramics under irradiation with heavy Xe22+ions with an energy of 230 MeV, on the change in the thermophysical properties of ceramics. The choice of the ion type for irradiation is due to the possibilities ofmodeling radiation damage processes comparable to the impact of uranium nuclei fission fragments during nuclear reactions in nuclear fuel. The choice of materials for irradiation in the form of ZrO2ceramics is due to the prospects for their use as the main material for inert matrices of dispersed nuclear fuel for new generation reactors. This choice is due to the physicochemical, thermophysical and strength properties of ZrO2ceramics, which are more resistant than other types of oxide ceramics. During research, it was found that the formation of isolated locally heterogeneous regions at low irradiation fluences does not lead to significant changes in the thermophysical properties of the damaged ceramic layer. However, polymorphic transformations of the t-ZrO2 → c-ZrO2type, which occur at irradiation fluences above 1012ion/cm2, lead to a decrease in thermal conductivity and the appearance of heat losses associated with the disruption of the phonon heat transfer mechanisms in the damaged layer.
PROJECT FOR MODIFYING THE SETUP FOR ADRON-55 TO IMPROVEITSBACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS AND A REVIEW OF UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN STUDIES OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS
Authors:   Institute of Physics and Technology,Satbayev University, Almaty, Sadykov T.Kh.
Published: April 2023

The article presents an overview of modern problems in studiesof Extensive Air Showers and works devoted to their investigation. It is demonstrated that over the past decade convincing evidence of the presence of a neutron component has beendemonstrated. When designing experimental facilities aimed at studying the nature of cosmic rays, this must be taken into account, since fast neutrons that arise outside the working volume can adversely affect the interpretation of the obtained data. In particular,if one tries to reveal the nature of penetrating component this effect is at most importance. Studies of biological shielding for thehigh flux research reactorPIKreactor at the Kurchatov Institute have shown that effective shielding from such neutrons can be provided by polyethylene in combination with borated rubber. At the same time, the use of boron-containing polyethylene does not lead to a significant improvement in protection, however, it significantly increases its cost. Based on foregoing, a modification of the hadron calorimeter protection is proposed to improve its protection it from the influence of the fast neutrons.
Recent Advances and Trends in Metal Oxide-based Semiconductor Gas Sensors
Authors: Lee Sunho , Kwon Ki Chang
Published: April 2023

With rapid industrial development, a large amount of waste gases has been produced, causing severe industrial disasters and human health problems. In order to avoid gas-related accidents and prevent potential health issues, the detection and monitoring of hazardous gases is essential. In order to effectively detect harmful gases, semiconductor gas sensors have gained increasing attention due to their high sensitivity, small size, cost-effectiveness and ease of manufacturing. This article reviews metal oxide-based semiconductor gas sensors. Firstly, features of metal oxide-based semiconductor gas sensors including major advantages and limitations are discussed. Then, the operating mechanism of semiconductor gas sensors are discussed with a list of widely studied metal oxides. Finally, the semiconductor gas sensors made of four different metal oxides – i) tin oxide (SnO2), ii) indium oxide (In2O3), iii) zinc oxide (ZnO), and iv) tungsten trioxide (WO3) – are discussed from the aspects of current challenges, recent research strategies and future perspectives.
Effects of Epothilone Administration on Locomotion Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies
Authors: Neishaboori Arian Madani , Tavallaei Mohammad Javad , Toloui Amirmohammad , Ahmadzadeh Koohyar , Alavi Seyedeh Niloufar Rafiei , Lauran Martin , Hosseini Mostafa , Yousefifard Mahmoud
Published: April 2023

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing evidence regarding the possible effects of epothilones on spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to investigate the possible effects of epothilone administration on locomotion recovery in animal models of SCI. Despite increasing rates of SCI and its burden on populations, no consensus has been reached about the possible treatment modality for SCI. Meanwhile, low-dose epothilones have been reported to have positive effects on SCI outcomes. Electronic databases of Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Medline were searched using keywords related to epothilones and SCI until the end of 2020. Two researchers screened the articles, and extracted data were analyzed using STATA ver. 14.0. Final results are reported as a standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). After the screening, five studies were included in the analysis. Rats were used in all the studies. Two types of epothilones were used via intraperitoneal injection and were shown to have positive effects on the motor outcomes of samples with SCI (SMD, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.23; p =0.71). Although a slightly better effect was observed when using epothilone B, the difference was not significant (coefficient, −0.50; 95% CI, −1.52 to 0.52; p =0.246). The results of this study suggest that epothilones have positive effects on the improvement of motor function in rats, when administered intraperitoneally until a maximum of 1 day after SCI. However, current evidence regarding the matter is still scarce.
Plurality of Activisms
Authors: National District (Sakha Republic) The Indigenous Women's Collectives , Nikolaeva Sardana
Published: April 2023

Indigenous women's activism occupies a specific niche within local and global Indigenous politics and plays a particularly important role in the socio-cultural and political development of Indigenous communities. In this regard, it is vital to explore not only activist strategies of grassroots Indigenous women's organizing but also their histories, contexts, and activist scopes. The women's collectives in the Olenek Evenki National District of the Sakha Republic (Russian Federation) have a long history of cultural and political activism. In this photo-essay, we aim to narrativize women's activism in Olenek as well as visually represent the activists themselves. Through the photos and the analytical narratives complimenting them, we also want to explore distinct (and diverse) articulations of Indigenous identities and of Indigenous activisms in the post-Soviet Indigenous Arctic.
Book Reviews
Authors: Abbe Spencer , Arakchaa Tayana , Yamin-Pasternak Sveta
Published: April 2023

Tunguska: A Siberian Mystery and Its Environmental Legacy Andy Bruno
(Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2022), 305 pp. ISBN 978-1-108-84091-0.

Galvanizing Nostalgia? Indigeneity and Sovereignty in Siberia Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2021), 270 pp. ISBN: 978-1501761317.

Prikladnaia etnologiia Chukotki: Narodnye znaniia, muzei, kul'turnoe nasledie (K 125-letiiu poezdki N.L. Gondatti na Chukotskii poluostrov v 1895 godu): Kollektivnaia monografiia [Applied ethnology in Chukotka: Indigenous knowledge, museums, cultural heritage (Celebrating 125th Anniversary of N.L. Gondatti's Trip to the Chukchi Peninsula in 1895)] O. P. Kolomiets and I. I. Krupnik, eds. (Moscow: PressPass, 2020), 468 pp.
Sosialisasi Pembelajaran Inovatif dengan Strategi Literasi di SMP se-Kabupaten Batanghari
Authors: Yusra Hilman , Sinaga Albertus
Published: April 2023

Innovative learning is learning that is applied in the digitalization 4.0 era by focusing on strategies, methods or efforts to increase all positive abilities in the process of developing student competencies. Innovative learning provides more opportunities for students to be more active in learning and demonstrates the ability to be independent in solving a problem and conducting mediation with colleagues. Through the literacy program learning is considered to be able to increase the activity of students in the learning process. The socialization was carried out to 20 junior high school Indonesian teachers in Muaro Jambi Regency. Implementation is done by the method of question and answer and discussion. The results of the socialization show that teachers still have not properly implemented the School Literacy Movement (GLS) program so that socialization shows the teacher's stability in understanding literacy. By giving 10 minutes before learning by freeing students in iteration. Through habit will foster its own innovation for students. It is recommended for teachers to always apply literacy time before carrying out learning.
Histopathological findings of ectopic pregnancy in contraceptive-wearing women
Authors: Hayashi Takuma , Abiko Kaoru , Konishi Ikuo
Published: April 2023

In a normal pregnancy, the egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube. Afterward, it moves into the uterus, where it implants into the uterine endometrium. However, if the fallopian tubes are narrow or blocked, the fertilized egg cannot move into the endometrium. In this situation, the fertilized egg implants in tissue other than the uterus, resulting in an ectopic pregnancy. In most cases of ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants in the left or right fallopian tube. It can also implant in tissues other than the fallopian tubes, such as the ovary. This paper presents our experience in treating a 37-year-old woman who had a tubal pregnancy despite wearing a contraceptive. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a gestational sac behind the right fallopian tube. Laparoscopic surgery was performed to resect the right fallopian tube. Pathological examination suggested that the ectopic pregnancy occurred at the organogenesis stage 9 weeks after fertilization. The pathological findings revealed subpopulations of cells from the ectoderm that were separated from other cells and more specifically formed spinal and ovarian structures. This paper presents valuable surgical pathological findings for understanding the differentiation into each tissue during the organogenesis stage.
“The Golden Root”: Cupid, Psyche, and Basile’s Pentamerone
Authors: Diekman Allisa
Published: April 2023

This paper traces the literary genealogy of the Tale of Cupid and Psyche from Apuleius to Disney, with a primary focus on the role that Basile’s Pentamerone played in this transmission. Through an analysis of different versions of fairytales, this paper discusses the literary relationship between Apuleius and Basile, which became a major part of the Western fairytale canon due to Basile’s influence on the tales of Perrault and the Brothers Grimm. The common motifs of these various accounts point towards the influence that the folktale nature of myth had on the later fairytale genre.
PEMBUATAN SIRUP BERAS KETAN GILING DENGAN HIDROLISA ENZIMATIS
Authors: Merkuriana Merkuriana
Published: April 2023

Pemanfaatan beras ketan untuk komoditi yang lebih berguna belum begitu banyak dilakukan. Dapat difikirkan pembuatan sirup dari beras ketan giling yang dapat menghasilkan sirup maltosa.Beras ketan giling diambil patinya. Pati beras ketan berbentuk serbuk halus dan berwana putih mengandung 83.36 % pati ; 70.71% air ; 0.45 % abu.Penelitian tentang prosses Hidrolisa Enzimatis tepung beras ketan giling dijalankan dalam water bath yang dilengkapi dengan penggoyang (berfungsi sebagai pengaduk). Proses ini mengikuti 2 langkah , yaitu : gelatinisasi dan sakarifikasi dengan enzim amilase yang diperoleh dari ekstrak secara kasar dari kecambah kedelai puth. Analisa maltosa  yang terjadi dalam campuran dilakukan dengan metode Lane dan Eynon. Keadaan proses yang relatif baik pada penelitian ini yaitu pada :

Waktu hidrolisa         : 2.5 jam ; Suhu hidrolisa : 65oC ; pH enzim : 5.7
Identification of Long Bean Seed Varieties Using Digital Image Processing Coupled With Neural Network Analysis
Authors: Hadi Syahputra Wahyu Nurkholis , Nugraha Dandi Citra , Jalil Abdul , Chaichana Chatchawan
Published: April 2023

Identification of long bean seed varieties can be used to save plant variety and intellectual property rights. Using digital image processing combined with artificial neural networks (ANN) has a possibility to recognize the seed morphology. The purpose of this research is to identify the image variables that can be used to identify long bean seed varieties so that the best algorithm of artificial neural networks can be arranged and the level of accuracy in expecting the long bean varieties. The samples used in this study were long bean seeds of parade tavi, kanton tavi, branjangan, and petiwi varieties. For each variety, 400 samples were taken for training data and 200 samples for testing data, so the total sample was 2400 long bean seeds. The research stages include image acquisition, image retrieval, image variable estimation, image processing program development, data analysis, ANN training, long bean variety identification program preparation, and program validation. The results showed that ANN with 10 hidden layers is the best model to develop a long bean seed identification. The identification program of long bean seed varieties resulting from the integration of image processing with artificial neural networks has an accuracy of 99.75%.
Potential Brix Levels of Mutant Sugarcane Plants at Different Altitudes
Authors: Jalil Abdul , Hartatik Sri , Avivi Sholeh
Published: April 2023

As ingredient raw Sugarcane industry is one _ commodity plantations that have role strategic in economy in Indonesia. Availability varieties superior sugarcane is one _ reason low production sugarcane national . However , the use of varieties superior could support enhancement production sugarcane in Indonesia. enhancement sugar production through varieties with yield tall more take precedence because could increase sugar yield without increase right capacity sugar factory . Mutation result from sugarcane varieties Bululawang (BL) was obtained three genotype potential have yield high . Brix can be made a reference for measure content yield sugarcane because the more tall degrees the brix so the more sweet solution that . Study this use method observation by directly each location . _ Measurement degree brix done with using a refractometer, with take samples on each sugarcane mutants in every location . The results of the research M1 mutant sugarcane has Highest Brix content (19.5%) and capable of adapt with good at height place ± 62 masl . M3 mutant sugarcane has Highest Brix content (19%) and capable of adapt with good at height place ± 141 masl . M2 mutant sugarcane has highest Brix content (23.4%) and capable of adapt with good at height place ± 512 masl .
Study of Character Strength and Employee Engagement for Educators with Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah Background in Jember
Authors: Nur’aini Siti , Satriyo Wibowo Danan
Published: April 2023

Educators who have character strength in carrying out their performance are expected to bring up employee engagement behaviour in carrying out the duties and roles of educators who are enthusiastic and self-involved in carrying out their work duties as educators who are focused and responsible. This study aims to examine the character strengths of educators' employee engagement at Muhammadiyah charities in Jember Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach to the ex post facto model, data collection techniques use character strength and employee engagement measurement tools. The results of the character strength research have a very significant effect on employee engagement with a regression test value of Sig. 0.000 > 0.05, thus it can be interpreted that the higher character strength will strengthen employee engagement behaviour in educators in Muhammadiyah charities with the R-Square contribution value obtained from the statistical test results of 0.876
The Influence of Entrepreneurial Supports on Entrepreneurial Performance of MSME in Pasuruan
Authors: Fibriyani Vita , Mashuri Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Economic growth in Indonesia cannot be separated from the development of micro-enterprises. One indicator that shows the development of a micro-enterprise is performance. The growth of micro-enterprises in Indonesia, especially in Pasuruan, is very rapid. This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurial support (entrepreneurship training, financial support, entrepreneurial marketing and entrepreneurial networking) on the performance of MSMEs in Pasuruan. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling with a total sample of 150 SMEs in the food and beverage sector in Pasuruan. The data analysis technique used in this research is the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the variables that affect the performance of MSMEs in Pasuruan are entrepreneurial networking, entrepreneurial training and financial support. The most influential variable is entrepreneurial networking with a loading factor of 0.556