bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambient‐Temperature Reductive Amination of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Over Al2O3‐Supported Carbon‐Doped Nickel Catalyst
Authors: Hu Qizhi , Jiang Shi , Wu Yue , Xu Hongzhong , Li Guoqing , Zhou Yu , Wang Jun
Published: March 2022

An efficient catalytic system for the conversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into N‐containing compounds over low‐cost non‐noble‐metal catalysts is preferable, but it is challenging to reach high conversion and selectivity under mild conditions. Herein, an Al2O3‐supported carbon‐doped Ni catalyst was obtained via the direct pyrolysis‐reduction of a mixture of Ni3(BTC)2 ⋅ 12H2O and Al2O3, generating stable Ni0 species due to the presence of carbon residue. A high yield of 96 % was observed in the reductive amination of HMF into 5‐hydroxymethyl furfurylamine (HMFA) with ammonia and hydrogen at ambient temperature. The catalyst was recyclable and could be applied to the ambient‐temperature synthesis of HMF‐based secondary/tertiary amines and other biomass‐derived amines from the carbonyl compounds. The significant performance was attributable to the synergistic effect of Ni0 species and acidic property of the support Al2O3, which promoted the selective ammonolysis of the imine intermediate while inhibiting the potential side reaction of over‐hydrogenation.
Community structure of pollinating insects and its driving factors in different habitats of Shivapuri‐Nagarjun National Park, Nepal
Authors: Dyola Urmila , Baniya Chitra Bahadur , Acharya Pushpa Raj , Subedi Pradip , Pandey Anjeela , Sapkota Kumar
Published: March 2022

Insect pollinators are important means for a stable ecosystem. The habitat types play a crucial role in the community composition, abundance, diversity, and species richness of the pollinators. The present study in Shivapuri‐Nagarjun National Park explored the species richness and abundances of insect pollinators in four different habitats and different environmental variables in determining the community composition of the pollinators. Data were collected from 1,500 m to 2,700 m using color pan traps and hand sweeping methods. Non‐Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) were conducted to show the association between insect pollinators and environmental variables. The results firmly demonstrated that species richness and abundances were higher (158) in Open trail compared to other habitats. The distribution of the pollinator species was more uniform in the Open trail followed by the Grassland. Similarly, a strong positive correlation between flower resources and pollinators' abundance (R2 = .63, P < .001) was found. In conclusion, the Open trail harbors rich insect pollinators in lower elevation. The community structure of the pollinators was strongly influenced by the presence of flowers in the trails.
“Ecology of fear” in ungulates: Opportunities for improving conservation
Authors: Chitwood M. Colter , Baruzzi Carolina , Lashley Marcus A.
Published: March 2022

Because ungulates are important contributors to ecosystem function, understanding the “ecology of fear” could be important to the conservation of ecosystems. Although studying ungulate ecology of fear is common, knowledge from ungulate systems is highly contested among ecologists. Here, we review the available literature on the ecology of fear in ungulates to generalize our current knowledge and how we can leverage it for conservation. Four general focus areas emerged from the 275 papers included in our literature search (and some papers were included in multiple categories): behavioral responses to predation risk (79%), physiological responses to predation risk (15%), trophic cascades resulting from ungulate responses to predation risk (20%), and manipulation of predation risk (1%). Of papers focused on behavior, 75% were about movement and habitat selection. Studies were biased toward North America (53%), tended to be focused on elk (Cervus canadensis; 29%), and were dominated by gray wolves (40%) or humans (39%) as predators of interest. Emerging literature suggests that we can utilize predation risk for conservation with top‐down (i.e., increasing predation risk) and bottom‐up (i.e., manipulating landscape characteristics to increase risk or risk perception) approaches. It is less clear whether fear‐related changes in physiology have population‐level fitness consequences or cascading effects, which could be fruitful avenues for future research. Conflicting evidence of trait‐mediated trophic cascades might be improved with better replication across systems and accounting for confounding effects of ungulate density. Improving our understanding of mechanisms modulating the nature of trophic cascades likely is most important to ensure desirable conservation outcomes. We recommend future work embrace the complexity of natural systems by attempting to link together the focal areas of study identified herein.
Lions in a coexistence landscape: Repurposing a traditional field technique to monitor an elusive carnivore
Authors: Western Guy , Elliot Nicholas B. , Sompeta Steiner L. , Broekhuis Femke , Ngene Shadrack , Gopalaswamy Arjun M.
Published: March 2022

Throughout Africa, lions are thought to have experienced dramatic population decline and range contraction. The greatest declines are likely occurring in human‐dominated landscapes where reliably estimating lion populations is particularly challenging. By adapting a method that has thus far only been applied to animals that are habituated to vehicles, we estimate lion density in two community areas in Kenya's South Rift, located more than 100 km from the nearest protected area (PA). More specifically, we conducted an 89‐day survey using unstructured spatial sampling coupled with playbacks, a commonly used field technique, and estimated lion density using spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) models. Our estimated density of 5.9 lions over the age of 1 year per 100 km2 compares favorably with many PAs and suggests that this is a key lion population that could be crucial for connectivity across the wider landscape. We discuss the possible mechanisms supporting this density and demonstrate how rigorous field methods combined with robust analyses can produce reliable population estimates within human‐dominated landscapes.
Phytoplankton responses to repeated pulse perturbations imposed on a trend of increasing eutrophication
Authors: Stelzer Julio A. A. , Mesman Jorrit P. , Gsell Alena S. , de Senerpont Domis Lisette N. , Visser Petra M. , Adrian Rita , Ibelings Bastiaan W.
Published: March 2022

While eutrophication remains one of the main pressures acting on freshwater ecosystems, the prevalence of anthropogenic and nature‐induced stochastic pulse perturbations is predicted to increase due to climate change. Despite all our knowledge on the effects of eutrophication and stochastic events operating in isolation, we know little about how eutrophication may affect the response and recovery of aquatic ecosystems to pulse perturbations. There are multiple ways in which eutrophication and pulse perturbations may interact to induce potentially synergic changes in the system, for instance, by increasing the amount of nutrients released after a pulse perturbation. Here, we performed a controlled press and pulse perturbation experiment using mesocosms filled with natural lake water to address how eutrophication modulates the phytoplankton response to sequential mortality pulse perturbations; and what is the combined effect of press and pulse perturbations on the resistance and resilience of the phytoplankton community. Our experiment showed that eutrophication increased the absolute scale of the chlorophyll‐a response to pulse perturbations but did not change the proportion of the response relative to its pre‐event condition (resistance). Moreover, the capacity of the community to recover from pulse perturbations was significantly affected by the cumulative effect of sequential pulse perturbations but not by eutrophication itself. By the end of the experiment, some mesocosms could not recover from pulse perturbations, irrespective of the trophic state induced by the press perturbation. While not resisting or recovering any less from pulse perturbations, phytoplankton communities from eutrophying systems showed chlorophyll‐a levels much higher than non‐eutrophying ones. This implies that the higher absolute response to stochastic pulse perturbations in a eutrophying system may increase the already significant risks for water quality (e.g., algal blooms in drinking water supplies), even if the relative scale of the response to pulse perturbations between eutrophying and non‐eutrophying systems remains the same.
Development of a method for calculating the transmission‐line constants of cables installed in a rectangular tunnel
Authors: Tanaka Yohei , Yonezawa Rikido , Noda Taku
Published: March 2022

Accurately calculating the transmission‐line constants of underground cables is important for various types of power system simulations such as electromagnetic transient, power flow, and transient stability simulations. The transmission line constants of cables installed in a tunnel must be calculated taking the skin and proximity effects into account, since the cables are spaced closely to each other and also to a wall face of the tunnel. However, the conventional method, which is capable of considering the skin and proximity effects, has been restricted to circular cross‐section conductors such as cables and a circular tunnel. Therefore, the method cannot handle a tunnel with a rectangular cross section. In this paper, a method for calculating the transmission‐line constants of a conductor system in which both circular and rectangular cross‐section conductors present in the same space is proposed. Then, the walls of a rectangular tunnel are represented by eight rectangular conductors, and cables represented by circular conductors are placed inside the eight rectangular conductors. In this paper, the proposed method is verified by experiments using a conductor system in which three circular conductors are arranged in a rectangular conductor. Calculated results obtained by the proposed method agree well with the measured results.
Modulating the Sensing Behavior of Functionalized Mesoporous Silica towards Metal Ions in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Singha Debdas , Pal Ananya , Roy Partha , Nandi Mahasweta
Published: March 2022

A rhodamine‐bisphenol A incorporated mesoporous silica (RBA‐IMS) has been synthesized as a turn‐on chemosensor for selective sensing of Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+. It has been observed that the presence of an ethylenediamine unit instead of hydrazine, as reported previously, is significant, changing the sensing behavior altogether. The probe does not show any color or absorption band in the visible region and fluorescence in the absence of most of the cations except Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+. RBA‐IMS becomes pink with these cations, shows strong absorption at 530 nm and strong fluorescence at 550 nm in 10 mM HEPES buffer in water/methanol=14 : 1 (v/v) (pH 7.0). This is in contrast to the hydrazine‐containing material, which could sense Hg2+ and Cu2+ in aqueous media but not Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+. A small change of the linkage in the material suppresses the detection of the divalent cations while enabling the sensing of the trivalent cations in aqueous media.
Ab Initio Methods in First‐Row Transition Metal Chemistry
Authors: Feldt Milica , Phung Quan Manh
Published: March 2022

Molecules containing 3d transition metals (TMs) are usually associated with versatile reactivity, partly due to their complicated electronic structures involving multiple close‐lying spin states. An accurate description of different electronic states is notoriously difficult and still a challenge for computational methodologies. Density functional theory, although repeatedly shown to give less reliable results for near‐degeneracy problems, remains the workhorse to explore the reactivity of TM complexes. Ab initio wavefunction theory has been lagging behind due to its high computational cost. However, tremendous efforts have been put to improve their applicability over the past few years, particularly local coupled cluster and low‐scaling multireference methods. In this mini‐review, we highlight major advancements of these ab initio techniques and discuss their recent applications in the calculations of spin state energetics of first‐row TM complexes, ranging from spin crossover compounds and metalloproteins to biomimetic complexes capable of activating C−H bonds.
An integrated cluster‐wise significance measure for fMRI analysis
Authors: Ge Yunjiang , Chen Gang , Waltz James A. , Hong Liyi Elliot , Kochunov Peter , Chen Shuo
Published: March 2022

Cluster‐wise inference is widely used in fMRI analysis. The cluster‐level statistic is often obtained by counting the number of intra‐cluster voxels which surpass a voxel‐level statistical significance threshold. This measure can be sub‐optimal regarding the power and false‐positive error rate because the suprathreshold voxel count neglects the voxel‐wise significance levels and ignores the dependence between voxels. This article aims to provide a new Integrated Cluster‐wise significance Measure (ICM) for cluster‐level significance determination in cluster‐wise fMRI analysis by integrating cluster extent, voxel‐level significance (e.g., p values), and activation dependence between within‐cluster voxels. We develop a computationally efficient strategy for ICM based on probabilistic approximation theories. Consequently, the computational load for ICM‐based cluster‐wise inference (e.g., permutation tests) is affordable. We validate the proposed method via extensive simulations and then apply it to two fMRI data sets. The results demonstrate that ICM can improve the power with well‐controlled family‐wise error (FWE).
Thermophoresis in a time‐dependent free convection flow with suspended particles in a chamber having thermal Robin boundary conditions
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Sani Hadiza Nass
Published: March 2022

This study presents a numerical analysis of a model for the coupled mechanisms of transport of natural convection, thermophoresis, and double‐diffusive heat and mass transfer of a fluid holding suspended particles in an infinite parallel‐plated channel. The governing equations in an unsteady state are nondimensionalized and solved by subdivisions of the finite difference method. The simulations of the numerical algorithms are verified by analytic results. Thermal and mass transfer characteristics of parameters like time are displayed graphically. The findings in this study suggest that increases in Schmidt number accentuate the effect of thermophoresis hence is the effective thermophoretic coefficient agreeing with Magyari. At steady‐state, there is an increase in skin friction at the hot wall when the thermophoretic coefficient was in the range , alerting when the walls of the channel are in danger from the heat. The gradient of concentration of particles at the hot wall, when in steady‐state remains unity for every value of thermophoretic coefficient and at the cold wall is constantly . This study suggests that the steadiness of a fluid and conduction/convection resistances within and outside boundaries may influence thermophoretic effect. This study offers possibilities and supports the developments in thermophoretic cells used in the manipulation of particles for biochemical and medical research.
Applications of de Bruijn graphs in microbiome research
Authors: Dufault‐Thompson Keith , Jiang Xiaofang
Published: March 2022

High‐throughput sequencing has become an increasingly central component of microbiome research. The development of de Bruijn graph‐based methods for assembling high‐throughput sequencing data has been an important part of the broader adoption of sequencing as part of biological studies. Recent advances in the construction and representation of de Bruijn graphs have led to new approaches that utilize the de Bruijn graph data structure to aid in different biological analyses. One type of application of these methods has been in alternative approaches to the assembly of sequencing data like gene‐targeted assembly, where only gene sequences are assembled out of larger metagenomes, and differential assembly, where sequences that are differentially present between two samples are assembled. de Bruijn graphs have also been applied for comparative genomics where they can be used to represent large sets of multiple genomes or metagenomes where structural features in the graphs can be used to identify variants, indels, and homologous regions in sequences. These de Bruijn graph‐based representations of sequencing data have even begun to be applied to whole sequencing databases for large‐scale searches and experiment discovery. de Bruijn graphs have played a central role in how high‐throughput sequencing data is worked with, and the rapid development of new tools that rely on these data structures suggests that they will continue to play an important role in biology in the future.
Self‐control protects Tibetan adolescent orphans from mental problems: A mediating role of self‐esteem
Authors: Zheng Miao , Peng Kaiping , Yan Wei , Lin Yujing , Ni Zijun , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Orphans are usually adopted by eligible families or raised by the government and organizations mutually. Although their basic needs are taken care of, the absence of parents in life makes orphans face higher risks of mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression, leading to lower levels of self‐esteem and happiness. Previous studies have shown that self‐control may have an effect on improving self‐esteem; thus, it could become a way to protect mental health. Building on the structural equation model, the current study tested the possible effects of self‐control on levels of self‐esteem and mental problems among Tibetan orphans.

Methods

Participants were 143 adolescents from age 16 to 22 years (Mage = 18.77, 54.8% female) from an institutionalized orphanage in Tibet and they completed questionnaires measuring self‐esteem, self‐control, and clinical symptoms (Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised).

Results and conclusions

Self‐control was negatively associated with psychological illness through improved self‐esteem. The present study suggested that self‐control was a protective factor for the mental health of adolescent orphans through influencing the levels of self‐esteem. Limitations and future directions were discussed.
Director co‐option and the cash conversion cycle
Authors: Harris Oneil , Hampton Jonathan
Published: March 2022

This study examines whether co‐opted directors degrade or improve working capital efficiency. We find strong evidence that firms with more co‐opted boards exhibit lower cash conversion cycles and so are more efficient at managing working capital. After controlling for other factors, board co‐option reduces the length of the cash conversion cycle by about −1.2%, whereas the co‐option of independent directors reduces the cycle by nearly −2.0%. These results persist even after addressing endogeneity and are robust to alternate measures of the cash conversion cycle. In general, our study lends credence to the argument that co‐option reduces managerial myopic behavior as it reduces the likelihood of dismissal and so motivates managers to make better investment decisions that may improve firm proficiency.
Related diversification, firm level resources, and firm performance in the context of Australian extractive industry
Authors: Gyan Kwaku Alex , Jan‐Bezemer Pieter
Published: March 2022

Related diversification literature highlights that the reason why corporations pursue this specific type of diversification is to achieve synergistic benefits through sharing common resources efficiently across related business units for higher financial performance. However, it is unclear whether this performance is influenced by the level of firm resources that a firm possesses. Using data from Australian extractive industry, this study assesses the heterogeneity of firm resource‐possession in relation to firm performance and found that related diversified firms that possess higher resource levels extract larger proportion of synergistic advantage to enhance financial performance. The study has discussed key theoretical and practical implications.
Loss of cytoplasmic FMR1‐interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) induces browning in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes via repression of GABA‐BR and activation of mTORC1
Authors: Manigandan Subramani , Yun Jong Won
Published: March 2022

Obesity and related metabolic disorders are epidemic diseases. Promoting thermogenesis and a functional increase in the browning of white adipocytes may counteract obesity. On the other hand, the molecular mechanism that regulates brown and beige fat‐mediated thermogenesis is unclear. This article reports a molecular network led by cytoplasmic FMR1‐interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) that negatively regulates adipocyte browning in white adipocytes. Although the function of CYFIP2 in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and autism have been reported, its physiological roles in adipocytes remain elusive. Therefore, this study examined the physiological consequences of its deprivation in cultured 3T3‐L1 white adipocytes using loss‐of‐function studies. Combined real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis showed that the loss of CYFIP2 induces fat browning, as evidenced by the gene and protein expression levels of the brown fat‐associated markers. A deficiency of CYFIP2 promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and significantly enhanced the expression of the core set beige fat‐specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmem26) and proteins (PGC‐1α, PRDM16, and UCP1). In addition, a CYFIP2 deficiency promoted lipid catabolism and suppressed adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and autophagy. A mechanistic study showed that the loss of CYFIP2 induces browning in white adipocytes, independently via the activation of mTORC1 and suppression of the GABA‐BR signaling pathway. The present data revealed a previously unidentified mechanism of CYFIP2 in the browning of white adipocytes and emphasized the potential of CYFIP2 as a pharmacotherapeutic target for treating obesity and other metabolic disorders.
Ozonolytic transformations of (R)‐(−)‐carvon in the presence of pyridine
Authors: Myasoedova Yuliya V. , Garifullina Liliya R. , Belyaeva Evelina R. , Ishmuratov Gumer Yu
Published: March 2022

Ozonolytic transformations of (R)‐(−)‐carvone in aprotic (CH2Cl2) and proton‐donor (MeOH) solvents in the presence of pyridine were carried out. A low conversion of the starting diene was noted when carrying out controlled ozonolysis by treatment with equivalent of О3. A mixture of 3‐acetyl‐5‐methoxy‐5‐oxopentanoic acid and methyl 4‐oxo‐3‐(2‐oxoethyl)pentanoate in MeOH and 5‐acetyl‐2‐methylcyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one in CH2Cl2 were formed. Exhaustive ozonolysis of (R)‐(−)‐carvone in CH2Cl2 in the presence of pyridine leads to 3‐acetylpentadioic acid. The monomethyl ether of 3‐acetylpentadioic acid and the product of its cyclization—2,8‐dioxo‐1‐methylbicyclo[3.3.0]octane‐3,7‐dione were formed in MeOH/Py by the treatment of ozone excess.
Dynamic observation of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies in the development of population immunity through COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Jiang Ruiwei , Dou Xiaowen , Li Min , Wang Enyun , Hu Jiwen , Xiong Dan , Zhang Xiuming
Published: March 2022

Background

Currently, mass vaccine inoculation against coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has been being implemented globally. Rapid and the large‐scale detection of serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) laid a foundation for assessing the immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccine. Additional assessments include the duration of antibodies and the optimal time for a heightened immune response.

Methods

The performance of five surrogate NAbs—three chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and two enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)—and specific IgM and IgG assays were compared using COVID‐19‐vaccinated serum (n = 164). Conventional virus neutralization test (cVNT) was used as a criterion and the diagnostic agreement and correlation of the five assays were evaluated. We studied the antibody responses after the two‐dose vaccine in volunteers up to 6 months.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity of five surrogate NAb assays ranged from 84% to 100%. Our cVNT results indicated great consistency with the surrogate assays. At 28 days after primary vaccination, the seropositivities of the NAbs, IgG, and IgM were 6%, 4%, and 13%, respectively. After the booster dose, seropositivities reached 14%, 65%, and 97%, respectively. Six months after receipt of the second dose, the NAb positive rate was eventually maintained at 66%. In all COVID‐19 convalescents, patients were detected with 100% NAb sat three months after discharge.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 vaccine induced a humoral immune response lasting at least six months. Rapid serological detection was used as a proxy for identifying changes in immunity levels and as a guide to whether an individual may require a booster vaccination.
Psychosocial factors associated with dispositional hope, agency thinking, and pathways thinking in a homeless adult population
Authors: Duncan Ashten R. , Bell Sarah Beth , Salvatore Alicia L. , Hellman Chan M.
Published: March 2022

Adults facing homelessness often perceive themselves to be at the bottom of society, which has implications for their current and future well‐being. Snyder's hope theory, which posits that agency thinking and pathways thinking are necessary for achieving a hopeful outlook on life, may be helpful for understanding drivers of well‐being among individuals experiencing homelessness. In this study, we examined dispositional hope, perceived goal attainment, social support, and perceived standing in society among 123 adults experiencing homelessness who were attending a support group at a daytime drop‐in center in the United States. Participants completed self‐report measures related to the aforementioned variables of interest. We discovered that higher levels of self‐reported goal attainment, independent of the type of goal identified, were significantly associated with total hope and both its subscales, that social support was significantly associated with total hope and pathways thinking, and that perceived standing in society was significantly associated with total hope and agency thinking.
Long‐term survival of patients with unoperated single ventricle heart defect: Four case reports and literature review
Authors: Zhao Shengnan , Guo Jiantao , Sun Zhixia , Cui Tingting
Published: March 2022

A single ventricle (SV) heart defect is a rare complex congenital cardiac malformation, accounting for approximately 1%–2% of congenital heart diseases. Surgical intervention is the mainstay treatment for SV patients, although patients who do not receive surgical intervention may also survive. We followed up four adult patients who had SV since birth without surgical intervention and they had a good prognosis. The common characteristics of four long‐term SV survivors were investigated by reviewing their medical records and the literature, and the current treatment methods for SV patients were also reviewed. The clinical presentation and long‐term prognosis of SV patients without surgical intervention depend on the presence or absence of pulmonary blood flow obstruction, pulmonary vascular resistance, ventricular shape and function, aortic blood flow obstruction, and the atrioventricular valve shape and function. While the Fontan operation has become a common and effective method for SV treatment, long‐term outcomes are fraught with morbidity and mortality. In our opinion, such patients with balanced hemodynamic condition could be followed and treated conservatively. Major cardiac surgery which leads to gross hemodynamic adjustments should be avoided. However, additional prospective study will be necessary to verify this assertion. This report aims to improve the prognosis as well as quality of life of SV patients.
Tumour‐derived extracellular vesicle membrane hybrid lipid nanovesicles enhance siRNA delivery by tumour‐homing and intracellular freeway transportation
Authors: Zhou Xin , Miao Yunqiu , Wang Ying , He Shufang , Guo Linmiao , Mao Junsong , Chen Mingshu , Yang Yuting , Zhang Xinxin , Gan Yong
Published: March 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proved a promising small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery vehicle to mediate gene‐silencing. Tumour‐derived extracellular vesicles (TDEVs) as genetic exchange vectors in the tumour microenvironment, enable intercellular communication for a wide range of endogenous cargo molecules, such as RNAs and proteins. However, the oncogenic cargo of TDEVs limits their application in siRNA delivery for cancer therapy. Herein, we isolated TDEVs from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and derived TDEV membranes by abandoning their content. Innovative TDEV membrane hybrid lipid nanovesicles (LEVs) were then fabricated by fusion of TDEV membranes and phospholipids to realize precise delivery to tumours and highly efficient transfection of siRNA. The TDEV membranes endow LEVs with ‘homing’ targeting ability, facilitating specific internalisation into parent HCC cells primarily through heparan sulfate proteoglycan‐mediated pathways. Unlike conventional lipid‐based nanovesicles, LEVs can bypass the endosomal degradation pathway, boost the delivery of siRNA through the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) intracellular ‘freeway’ transportation, achieving a 1.7‐fold improvement in siRNA transfection efficiency compared with liposomes. Additionally, siRNA loaded LEVs were demonstrated to enhance the antitumour efficacy in HCC bearing mice through effective gene silencing in the tumour sites. Our results highlight the potential application of the TDEV membrane‐derived nanovesicles as an advanced siRNA delivery strategy for cancer therapy.
The money priming debate revisited: A review, meta‐analysis, and extension to organizations
Authors: Stajkovic Alexander D. , Greenwald Jessica M. , Stajkovic Kayla S.
Published: March 2022

The effects of primed money have received widespread attention in social psychology but not in the organizational literature. This research examines whether priming money causes people to think and behave in ways consistent with how they would act if they received real money. Money priming research has not made many inferences to organizations, but the potential implications of the findings for the workplace are thought‐provoking. However, because some money priming studies failed to replicate and many findings are mixed, we review this literature and meta‐analyze the effects of primed money on two organization‐related outcomes. Meta‐analytic results (12 259 participants, 90 effects adjusted for dependence, and 34 studies) showed that primed money increased performance (d = .38), but it also boosted selfishness (d = .33). These effects were moderated by perceptual or behavioral outcome measures, where primed money increased behavioral selfishness (d = .72) over twice as much as it did behavioral performance (d = .33). These meta‐analytic results clarify extant literature, provide a new platform for future money priming research in organizations, and offer new alternatives for managers looking for viable options to improve employee functioning.
Meta‐analysis of the efficacy of taurolidine in reducing catheter‐related bloodstream infections for patients receiving parenteral nutrition
Authors: Vernon‐Roberts Angharad , Lopez Robert N. , Frampton Christopher M. , Day Andrew S.
Published: March 2022

Background

Parenteral nutrition administered via central venous catheter is an established treatment option for people with intestinal failure. A serious complication of central venous catheters is the high risk of catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Catheter‐locking solutions are one strategy for CRBSI prevention, with the solution taurolidine showing beneficial effects. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to identify and synthesize evidence to assess taurolidine efficacy against comparators for the prevention of CRBSI for people with intestinal failure receiving parenteral nutrition.

Methods

Six health literature databases were searched for efficacy data of rate of CRBSI for taurolidine vs control among our study population; no study design limits were applied. Individual study data were presented for the number of CRBSIs and catheter days, and rate ratio. Overall data were synthesized as a pooled risk ratio, with subgroup analyses by study design, control type, and taurolidine solution.

Results

Thirty‐four studies were included in the final analysis. At the individual level, all studies showed superior efficacy of taurolidine vs control for prevention of CRBSIs. When the data were synthesized, the pooled risk ratio was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.46–0.53; P ≤ 0.0001), indicating a 51% decreased risk of CRBSI through the use of taurolidine. Subgroup analysis showed no difference depending on study design (P = 0.23) or control type (P = 0.37) and a significant difference for taurolidine type (P = 0.0005).

Conclusion

Taurolidine showed superior efficacy over controls regardless of study design or comparator group. The results show that taurolidine provides effective CRBSI reduction for people with intestinal failure receiving parenteral nutrition.
Visceral angiosarcoma: A nationwide analysis of treatment factors and outcomes
Authors: Hendrick Leah E. , Zambetti Benjamin R. , Wong Denise L. , Dickson Paxton V. , Glazer Evan S. , Shibata David , Fleming Martin D. , Tsao Miriam , Portnoy David C. , Deneve Jeremiah L.
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives

Visceral angiosarcoma is rare and aggressive, accounting for 2% of soft tissue sarcomas. Using a national data set, we examine determinants of outcomes for patients presenting with this rare disease.

Methods

The 2004–2015 National Cancer Database was queried for patients with visceral angiosarcoma. Trends in treatment and outcomes were examined. Factors affecting overall survival (OS) were assessed with log‐rank and Cox regression.

Results

Eight hundred and ninety‐three patients with visceral angiosarcoma were identified (median age 65 years, male [63%], Charlson comorbidity index <1 [86%]). Tumor size was <5 cm in 20.7%, and 34.2% were moderate/high grade. Median OS was 3.8 months (95% CI: 3.4–4.4). By multivariate analysis, increased tumor grade and size, and liver/biliary origin demonstrated worse OS while surgery, radiation, and systemic chemotherapy demonstrated improved OS (all p < 0.001). Survival was similar between patients achieving R0 resection and those with R1/2 resection receiving chemotherapy by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Conclusions

Visceral angiosarcomas are rare tumors with poor outcomes. Liver/biliary origin, higher tumor grade, and larger tumor size demonstrate worse outcomes. While R0 resection remains the mainstay of treatment, patients with R1/R2 resection have improved survival with addition of chemotherapy. Consideration should be made for multimodal therapy in these patients.
Place Attachment and Travel Among Western Professional Expatriates
Authors: Li Zhuo , McKercher Bob , Ren Lianping
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates the role that different degrees of place attachment play in the pleasure travel patterns of Western professional expatriates, via a qualitative study with in‐depth interviews as the main data collection approach. Four discrete groups of migrants were identified. “Push” factors that influenced home return travel varied across the groups, influencing the frequency of such activity. Likewise, the push and pull factors for travel within the Asia–Pacific region varied significantly across the groups, again influencing destination choice. The paper added new nuances to the existing knowledge on how place attachment influences travel behavior.
Verifying the outcomes of artesunate plus 595‐nm PDL in hypertrophic scars via determining BMP‐7 and Fas level in model rabbits
Authors: Zhang Jinxia , Luo Wanting , Han Minna , Wu Lili , Peng Zhuoying , Xia Zhikuan , Yang Rongya
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives

Single‐use of artesunate (ART) or 595‐nm pulsed‐dye laser (PDL) has proven clinical efficacy in the treatment of hypertrophic scars (HSs), yet little research has been done on the combined use of ART and PDL. Bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) and Fas are recognized to be two important proteins in reducing scar formation. This study was designed to observe the effect of ART combined with 595‐nm PDL in the treatment of HS in rabbit models, and investigate the effect of such protocol on the expression of BMP‐7 and Fas in rabbit models.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Twenty‐four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the control group, ART group, PDL group, and combined treatment (ART + PDL) group. ART was respectively applied to the ART group and combined treatment group. Treatment was once every 2‐week for a total of three sessions for both groups. Animals in the PDL group were simply treated with 595‐nm PDL. Then, hematoxylin & eosin and Van Gieson straining, immunohistochemical study, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Cell counting kit‐8 test, western blot assay, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) were carried out to observe the development of HS samples and expression of BMP‐7 and Fas proteins in the sample tissues.

Results

After treatment, the scar samples grew lower and flatter, which was particularly evident in the combined treatment group, with notably inhibited fibroblast and collagen compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Western blot assay and RT‐PCR demonstrated that the expression of BMP‐7 was most increased in scar samples treated by ART + PDL. BMP‐7 level was correspondingly and notably upregulated in treatment groups, especially in the ART + PDL group. In addition, relevant expression of Fas was also higher after treatment, especially in the ART + PDL group compared to either ART or 595‐nm PDL group. The difference was significant among groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Combined use of ART and 595‐nm PDL can inhibit HSs in rabbit models via inhibiting extra fibroblast and collagens. The potential mechanism may be involved in enhanced BMP‐7 and Fas expression. Our observations may create an alternative therapeutic strategy for HSs in the clinic.
Survival strategies of the sharing economy from the pandemic to a new normal: A dynamic capabilities approach
Authors: Chi Hui‐Ru , Ho Hsuan‐Pei , Lin Pei‐Kuan
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the business strategies of car‐sharing platforms between 2020 and 2021, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study conducted a systematic review and adopted a dynamic capabilities approach; it analyzes 231 online articles concerning Uber, Ola, and Grab to demonstrate 6S sub‐constructs: SAFETY, SCAN, SYSTEM, SUPPORT, SPREAD, and SPEED. The findings suggest that developing safe riding experiences, identifying threats through technology, realigning culture/structure through financial/community support, and expanding delivery services are necessary strategies to combat the pandemic. The new normal has managerial and policy implications on how businesses in the sharing economy sector adapt to radical and dynamic environments.
Genetically modified cancer vaccines: Current status and future prospects
Authors: Hu Xiaoyi , Zhou Weilin , Pi Ruyu , Zhao Xia , Wang Wei
Published: March 2022

Vaccines can stimulate the immune system to protect individuals from infectious diseases. Moreover, vaccines have also been applied to the prevention and treatment of cancers. Due to advances in genetic engineering technology, cancer vaccines could be genetically modified to increase antitumor efficacy. Various genes could be inserted into cells to boost the immune response, such as cytokines, T cell costimulatory molecules, tumor‐associated antigens, and tumor‐specific antigens. Genetically modified cancer vaccines utilize innate and adaptive immune responses to induce durable antineoplastic capacity and prevent the recurrence. This review will discuss the major approaches used to develop genetically modified cancer vaccines and explore recent advances to increase the understanding of engineered cancer vaccines.
Stability analysis of nonlinear glue flow system with delay
Authors: Ding Yuting , Zheng Liyuan , Guo Jining
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we improve a new mathematical model associated with glue applying of particleboard. First, we study the existence and stability of the equilibria and the existence of fold, Hopf, and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations in above system. Second, the normal forms of Hopf bifurcation and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation are derived, and the classifications of local dynamics near above bifurcation critical values are analyzed. Then, numerical simulation results show that the glue flow system associated with glue applying of particleboard exists stable equilibrium, stable periodic‐1, periodic‐2, and periodic‐4 solutions, and chaotic attractor phenomenon from a sequence of period‐doubling bifurcations. Finally, we compare the dynamical phenomena of glue flow system with frequency water supply system, showing that cubic terms which the latter lacks, could influence the dynamical behaviors of glue flow system.
A generalization of Euler's formula in Clifford algebras
Authors: Akar Mutlu
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the equation
, such that
, is proved using defined group homomorphism and Euler's formula, where x ∧ y is the outer product between x and y. Firstly, this equation is verified for
using Clifford product. Then, it turns out that it is difficult to maintain the proof in this way since the outer product is anticommutative, the size increases, and the calculation becomes a lot of work. For this reason, a group of homomorphism from the group Cℓn, 0 to the group
is described and used Euler's formula. Eventually, it is proved for any
by generalizing this equation.
Efficacy of clozapine for long‐stay patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia: 4‐year observational study
Authors: Mizuno Kentaro , Mizuno Emiko , Suekane Akira , Shiratsuchi Toshiaki
Published: March 2022

Aim

Supporting patients upon discharge following prolonged hospitalization in private psychiatric hospitals in Japan have long been an issue. This study evaluated the efficacy of clozapine in treating long‐stay patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia to reduce the frequency and duration of readmissions postdischarge.

Methods

We retrospectively examined the length and frequency of hospitalizations of long‐stay and non‐long‐stay patients with schizophrenia who were introduced to clozapine at our hospital.

Results

Comparing participants’ medical records 2 years before and after the introduction of clozapine, we identified a significant decrease in both length and frequency of hospitalizations in all patients who were introduced to clozapine. In long‐stay patients, the length and frequency of hospitalization were significantly reduced. However, compared to non‐long‐stay patients, the period from introduction of clozapine to discharge was longer and the dose of clozapine was higher. Thus, it is necessary to take time to evaluate the therapeutic effects for long‐stay patients.

Conclusion

The results showed that clozapine is helpful for patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia, who are considered difficult to treat and discharge in Japan.
Extent of hypertension and renal injury in children surviving acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kumar Reeti , Mahan John D. , Stanek Joseph R. , Reed Suzanne
Published: March 2022

Background

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) fortunately has high survival rates, and understanding longer term implications of therapy is critical. In this study, we aimed to investigate kidney health outcomes by assessing the prevalence of renal dysfunction and hypertension (HTN) in children with ALL at 1–5 years after ALL diagnosis.

Methods

This was a single‐center, cross‐sectional study of children with ALL who were 1–5 years post diagnosis. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements were calculated, and urine samples were collected to assess for protein/creatinine and albumin/creatinine. Blood pressure (BP) was determined by standard oscillometric technique, and children ≥6 years of age were eligible for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).

Results

Forty‐five patients enrolled in the study, and 21 completed ABPMs. Fifteen patients (33%, 95% CI: 20%–49%) developed acute kidney injury (AKI) at least once. Thirteen (29%, 95% CI: 16%–44%) had hyperfiltration, and 11 (24%) had abnormal proteinuria and/or albuminuria. Prevalence of HTN based on clinic measurements was 42%. In the 21 ABPM patients, 14 had abnormal results (67%, 95% CI: 43%–85%), with the majority (11/21) demonstrating abnormal nocturnal dipping pattern.

Conclusions

Among children with ALL, there is a high prevalence of past AKI. The presence of hyperfiltration, proteinuria, and/or albuminuria at 1–5 years after ALL diagnosis suggests real risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. There is a high prevalence of HTN on casual BP readings and even higher prevalence of abnormal ABPM in this group. The high prevalence of impaired nocturnal dipping by ABPM indicates an increased risk for future cardiovascular or cerebral ischemic events.
From metabolomic analysis to quality assessment and biosynthetic insight in traditional Chinese medicine: Mulberry tree as a case study
Authors: Tian Mengyin , Wang Yanan , Lu Anqi , Zhang Qianru , Li Xin , Zhang Ning , Zhang Jianjun , Wang Sujuan
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Ramulus Mori (RM, Sangzhi) and Cortex Mori (CM, Sangbaipi) both come from the Chinese medicinal plant mulberry tree. CM is usually used to relieve cough, while RM is usually used to treat pain. There are no studies on the quality control of RM and CM based on their analgesic and anti‐inflammatory constituents associated with their traditional use. The chemical profiles of CM and RM were confusing. Some CM had similar profiles to RM, but some did not.

Objective

We aimed to reveal the chemical differences between RM and CM and to evaluate their quality.

Materials and Methods

Their chemical differences were studied using metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC‐ESI‐MS data. The contents of five quality marker candidates were determined by UHPLC‐PDA. The analgesic activities of morusin and kuwanon C were assessed by an acetic acid‐induced writhing test.

Results

CM was characterized by chemical diversity, whereas RM had good homogeneity. Four groups of CM were classified based on their chemicals. The chemical profiles of CM group 4 were more similar to that of RM. Eighteen putative features were identified based on an MS‐Finder search and fragmentation rules. Content limits for four quality markers with anti‐inflammatory or analgesic activities were proposed for RM. Furthermore, a possible biosynthetic relationship between kuwanon C, kuwanon G, and morusin was hypothesized based on the high Pearson coefficient between kuwanon G and morusin.

Conclusion

The obtained results may be useful in the evaluation of RM and CM and afford insight into the biosynthetic pathway of Diels–Alder adducts in Morus.