bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yorkshire Assimilation: Exploring the Production and Perception of a Geographically Restricted Variable
Authors: Whisker-Taylor Kate , Clark Lynn
Published: June 2019

This paper investigates a process referred to by Wells (1982) as “Yorkshire Assimilation,” which is a process of assimilation in which voiced obstruents become fully devoiced when followed by a voiceless segment. The process is thought to occur only in Yorkshire, England. There is very little existing literature on Yorkshire Assimilation and, when it is discussed, it is described as a phonological rule, i.e., it is thought to be used categorically by those speakers who display the feature (Wells 1982:367, 148). This paper presents the first empirical account of Yorkshire Assimilation. Using both historical and contemporary speech data from Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, we explore the extent to which Yorkshire Assimilation is indeed variable, how its use has changed over time, and how it is constrained by both linguistic and social factors in speech production. We also couple this production study with a small perception experiment designed to tap into the social meaning of Yorkshire Assimilation in Huddersfield.
Students’ Perceptions of a Gamified Reading Assessment
Authors: Reed Deborah K. , Martin Emily , Hazeltine Eliot , McMurray Bob
Published: June 2019

To inform the development of gamified assessments, this study explored how students with or at risk for reading difficulties in Grades 6–8 ( N = 202) perceived and interacted with a decoding assessment designed with gamification characteristics. Three data sources enhanced the methodological triangulation: observations and scores from testing, surveys of students’ perceptions, and focus group discussions with a stratified random sample of students ( n = 25). Findings suggest students became immersed in the gamified reading assessment and were motivated by tasks that were challenging but not frustratingly difficult. However, they were dissatisfied with some design features and reported focusing on identifying patterns and gaming strategies rather than on the reading skills being assessed. This suggests students’ expectations of gamified assessments might contribute construct irrelevant variance to the instruments.
Climate-Induced Migration: Impacts on Social Structures and Justice in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Reazul
Published: June 2019

In the wider context of several primary climate change impacts affecting low-lying coastal areas of Bangladesh, this article examines how the phenomenon of ‘climate change migration’ creates national and local secondary complications for internal population displacement as well as increasingly visible tertiary impacts. These are manifested in rapid urbanisation and precarious socio-economic and environmental changes in urban contexts. Highlighting the growing interconnection of climate change, migration and urbanisation in Bangladesh, the article calls for effective local policy changes to address the urgent need to safeguard sustainable livelihoods and security of fundamental rights for climate change migrants.
Enterprise search: A state of the art
Authors: Cleverley Paul H , Burnett Simon
Published: June 2019

Enterprise search is changing. The explosion of information within organizations, technological advances and availability of free OpenSource machine learning libraries offer many possibilities. Eighteen informants from practice, academia, search technology vendors and large organizations (Oil and Gas, Governments, Pharmaceuticals, Aerospace and Retail) were interviewed to assess challenges and future directions. The findings confirmed the existence of the ‘Google Habitus’, technology propaganda and a need to transcend disciplines for a Systems thinking approach toward enterprise search. This encompasses information management, user search literacy, governance, learning feedback loops as well as technology. A novel four-level model for enterprise search use cases is presented, covering search as a utility, search as an answer machine, search task apps and a discovery engine. This could be used to reframe enterprise search perceptions, expanding possibilities and improving business outcomes.
Working at the boundary: Making space for innovation in a NASA megaproject
Authors: Rottner Renee
Published: June 2019

This study shows how occupational, organizational and institutional boundaries can be reworked to enable innovation. Based on an historical case study of NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope, which spanned three decades and two dozen organizations, I show how megaproject members made boundaries a target of strategic action. Megaprojects, in particular, require us to think about boundaries at multiple levels as they commonly draw on expertise and resources from different disciplines, organizations, and institutional domains. This case reveals several mechanisms by which boundaries can be modified to coordinate diverse innovation partners, from reconfiguring the ways members relate to one another (splicing, fitting and channeling) to reshaping the environment they work in (softening, fusing and corralling). Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of how actors make room for new ideas and cause institutional change as part of innovation processes. By treating boundaries as malleable and multiplex, I extend organizational theory, which tends to view boundaries as given and things to be spanned. I extend the STS literature that takes boundaries as fluid, identifying several mechanisms of making and unmaking them. A more dynamic treatment of boundaries is called for in both innovation research and practice, and this study opens a path for research that looks not only at boundary objects but also boundary actions, and moves from boundary organizations to boundary organizing.
Healing Fukushima: Radiation hazards and disaster medicine in post-3.11 Japan
Authors: Loh Shi Lin , Amir Sulfikar
Published: June 2019

What happens when expertise is forced to face disasters of unprecedented scales? How is knowledge produced in critical moments when every action and decision is a matter of life and death? And how are local social networks mobilized to cope with unforeseen crisis? This paper addresses these questions by examining the emergence of disaster medicine expertise in the aftermath of Fukushima nuclear disaster that struck Japan in 2011. Studies on Fukushima’s impact have to date revolved around the suffering of Tōhoku citizens and the development of Japan’s nuclear energy industry. Acknowledging the gravity of such work, this paper offers an alternative, but equally crucial angle on the disaster: that of the medical caregiving and public health system built in response to radiation hazards resulting from the triple meltdowns at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station. Through detailed interviews conducted with eight medical practitioners in Fukushima Prefecture, this paper analyses the significance and impact of Japan’s most recent radiation disaster on its public health infrastructure. To describe the contingent nature of radiation disaster medicine developed in response to radiation risk in Fukushima, we draw on Jasanoff’s characterization of scientific knowledge as ‘serviceable truths’ with regards to public policy and the law, suggesting that expertise in relation to disasters is usefully understood in analogous terms.
Impacts of Rail Transit Accessibility on Firm Spatial Distribution: Case Study in the Metropolitan Area of Washington, DC
Authors: Iseki Hiroyuki , Eom Hyunjoo
Published: June 2019

Agglomeration economies can arise in areas with high concentrations of firms, which can be facilitated by improved transportation accessibility. Accessibility can be improved by public transit infrastructure, especially in combination with careful planning for transit-oriented development (TOD) that creates compact, high density, mixed-use, and pedestrian-friendly built environments in proximity to public transit infrastructure. Although the literature on TOD has increasingly shown positive effects on residential development and property values, its effects on commercial and industrial development, location of firms, and associated agglomeration economies are less clear and require more empirical study. This study analyzes firm location patterns by industry/sector in the metropolitan area of Washington, DC and examines whether significant spatial clusters have developed in relation to: 1) the presence of Metrorail stations; and 2) the presence of specific industry firms in the earlier year, using kernel density analysis and multinomial logit (MNL) regression. The analysis results indicated that firms in certain industries, such as finance and insurance/real estate and public administration, are more likely to benefit from proximity to Metrorail stations than other industries. Furthermore, firms in several industries show the effects of agglomeration within the same industry while several combinations of industries exhibit cross-industry agglomeration effects. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of which industry sectors are more likely to be located in proximity to rail transit stations and TOD areas and to the understanding of agglomeration effects within the same industry and between different industries.
An Analysis and Illustration of U.S. Adult and Workforce Education Policy
Authors: Roumell Elizabeth Anne , Salajan Florin D. , Todoran Corina
Published: June 2019

Systematic policy analysis regarding the area of adult and workforce education (AWE) in the United States is limited in the literature. This article presents the results from a historical analysis of federal-level U.S. policy documents spanning the years 1914-2014. We performed a systematic content analysis utilizing a context justification approach to analyze 19 pieces of U.S. legislation to discern broad patterns and trends in the area of AWE policy development. The benefits of examining policy through a lens of governance and system-level trends include gaining a clearer understanding of the evolution of key policy dimensions and how they contribute to shaping current circumstances in the field. Our analyses suggest the importance of historical conditions in shaping policy characteristics. We conclude that it is essential to understand these policy characteristics in order to seek the necessary information to more strategically advocate for AWE in the 21st century, and highlight areas where further inquiry is needed.
An Epidemiologic Examination of Perpetrators of Fatal Child Maltreatment Using the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS)
Authors: Hunter Amy A. , DiVietro Susan , Schwab-Reese Laura , Riffon Mark
Published: June 2019

Fatal child maltreatment in the United States increased 12.9% from 2013 to 2016. Parents are the predominant perpetrators, underscoring the need to examine risk factors associated with this class of offenders. This study examined the relationship between three primary forms of fatal child maltreatment (neonaticide, infanticide, and filicide) and perpetrator characteristics. Using the National Violent Death Reporting System, we employed a retrospective observational study to examine fatal child maltreatment in decedents aged 10 years and below from 2011 to 2015. Multinomial logistic regression of 1,023 maltreatment-related deaths was used to evaluate perpetrator characteristics. Perpetrators were most often male (58%) and the parent of the child victim (53%). Intimate partners represented 22% of perpetrators. The odds of fatal maltreatment were modified by perpetrator age, sex, and relationship to the victim. Results underscore a need for male-focused interventions and research examining the etiology of violence against children perpetrated by the intimate partner of a parent.
Strategic improvement planning in schools: A sociotechnical approach for understanding current practices and design recommendations
Authors: Demir Fatih , Kim So Mi , Current Neeley , Jahnke Isa
Published: June 2019

The schools in the United States undergo reforms that involve the integration of data-intensive improvement process known as strategic improvement plans (SIPs). This process requires digital systems to set goals, create interventions, use and analyse student data, monitor and report SIPs. A challenge with digital systems is the integration of a highly diverse set of data sources and identifying users who are engaged with the processes. This study explored how teachers and principals carry out SIPs currently. We applied the sociotechnical walkthrough, a qualitative method that combines a modelling notation and focus group interviews to understand the current workflows, technology use and interactions of teachers and principals developing SIPs. The results illustrate a variety of existing activities and indicate how a newly developed technology may have an impact as well as propose design recommendations to fill a gap in managing SIPs.
An extended case-based reasoning method and corresponding product design process
Authors: Li Song , Li Yan , Li Wenqiang , Chen Chen
Published: June 2019

During product design process, conventional case-based reasoning (CBR) has shown significant applications in coping with new problems by recalling and reusing solutions in old context. However, conventional CBR still lacks effective methods to assist designers in generating creative design solutions of identified problems during modification stage. To make up for this deficiency, an extended CBR (ECBR) method characterized by two retrieval stages is proposed in this paper. The former retrieval stage is aimed to retrieve the most similar source case for design reusing, and the latter one is designed to assist designers in searching for relevant function units to generate creative design ideas for final design solution. A five-tuple knowledge model of product case is presented. It includes both specific design information for design reusing and abstract function units for generating creative design ideas. To effectively organize these case information, a hierarchy knowledge model of case base is established. It consists of case type layer, product case layer, and function unit layer. A corresponding retrieval strategy is presented to deal with different retrieval goals. To improve the performance of ECBR method in modification stage, the substance-attribute-function-cause analysis model and TRIZ tools are integrated together to aid problem analysis and problem-solving of retrieved product case. Finally, a new product conceptual design process is proposed based on ECBR method and the conceptual design of a smokeless barbecue equipment is employed as an example to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of ECBR method.
Ten-year fracture risk by FRAX and osteoporotic fractures in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases
Authors: Lai E -L , Huang W -N , Chen H -H , Hsu C -Y , Chen D -Y , Hsieh T -Y , Hung W -T , Lin C -T , Lai K -L , Tang K -T , Chen Y -M , Chen Y -H
Published: June 2019

The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) has been used universally for the purpose of fracture risk assessment. However, the predictive capacity of FRAX for autoimmune diseases remains inconclusive. This study aimed to compare the applicability of FRAX for autoimmune disease patients. This retrospective study recruited rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) patients with bone mineral density (BMD) tests. Patients with any osteoporotic fractures were identified. Taiwan-specific FRAX with and without BMD were then calculated. In total, 802 patients (451 RA, 233 SLE and 118 pSS) were enrolled in this study. The cumulative incidences of osteoporotic fractures in the RA, SLE and pSS patients were 43.0%, 29.2% and 33.1%, respectively. For those with a previous osteoporotic fracture, T-scores were classified as low bone mass. Overall, the patients’ 10-year probability of major fracture risk by FRAX without BMD was 15.8%, which then increased to 20.3% after incorporation of BMD measurement. When analyzed by disease group, the fracture risk in RA patients was accurately predicted by FRAX. In contrast, current FRAX, either with or without BMD measurement, underestimated the fracture risk both in SLE and pSS patients, even after stratification by age and glucocorticoid treatment. For pSS patients with major osteoporotic fractures, FRAX risks imputed by RA were comparable to major osteoporotic fracture risks of RA patients. Current FRAX accurately predicted fracture probability in RA patients, but not in SLE and pSS patients. RA-imputed FRAX risk scores could be used as a temporary substitute for SLE and pSS patients.
The Efficacy of a Scaffold-free Bio 3D Conduit Developed from Autologous Dermal Fibroblasts on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in a Canine Ulnar Nerve Injury Model: A Preclinical Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Mitsuzawa Sadaki , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Aoyama Tomoki , Takeuchi Hisataka , Yurie Hirofumi , Oda Hiroki , Ohta Souichi , Ushimaru Mika , Ito Tatsuya , Tanaka Mai , Kunitomi Yoshihiro , Tsuji Manami , Akieda Shizuka , Nakayama Koichi , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: June 2019

Autologous nerve grafting is widely accepted as the gold standard treatment for segmental nerve defects. To overcome the inevitable disadvantages of the original method, alternative methods such as the tubulization technique have been developed. Several studies have investigated the characteristics of an ideal nerve conduit in terms of supportive cells, scaffolds, growth factors, and vascularity. Previously, we confirmed that biological scaffold-free conduits fabricated from human dermal fibroblasts promote nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of biological scaffold-free conduits composed of autologous dermal fibroblasts using a large-animal model. Six male beagle dogs were used in this study. Eight weeks before surgery, dermal fibroblasts were harvested from their groin skin and grown in culture. Bio 3D conduits were assembled from proliferating dermal fibroblasts using a Bio 3D printer. The ulnar nerve in each dog’s forelimb was exposed under general anesthesia and sharply cut to create a 5 mm interstump gap, which was bridged by the prepared 8 mm Bio 3D conduit. Ten weeks after surgery, nerve regeneration was investigated. Electrophysiological studies detected compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) of the hypothenar muscles and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in all animals. Macroscopic observation showed regenerated ulnar nerves. Low-level hypothenar muscle atrophy was confirmed. Immunohistochemical, histological, and morphometric studies confirmed the existence of many myelinated axons through the Bio 3D conduit. No severe adverse event was reported. Hypothenar muscles were re-innervated by regenerated nerve fibers through the Bio 3D conduit. The scaffold-free Bio 3D conduit fabricated from autologous dermal fibroblasts is effective for nerve regeneration in a canine ulnar nerve injury model. This technology was feasible as a treatment for peripheral nerve injury and segmental nerve defects in a preclinical setting.
Estimating dry matter and fat content in blocks of Swiss cheese during production using on-line near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Eskildsen Carl Emil , Sanden Karen Wahlstrøm , Wubshet Sileshi Gizachew , Andersen Petter Vejle , Øyaas Jorun , Wold Jens Petter
Published: June 2019

Modern dairy factories produce thousands of cheese blocks per day. Cheese quality is partly defined by the concentration of dry matter and fat. In this study, we evaluated three different near infrared spectroscopy instruments for on-line determination of fat and dry matter in cheese blocks of approx. size 35 × 28 × 12 cm: scanning reflection (908–1676 nm), scanning interaction (760–1040 nm), and imaging interaction measurements (760–1040 nm). The near infrared measurements were performed on fresh cheese blocks in a pilot plant at three different critical control points (CCP): (CCP1) before pressing, (CCP2) after pressing, and (CCP3) after salting. A total of 160 cheeses from 10 production batches were measured. Whereas near infrared measurements were obtained from the surface of the cheese blocks, the reference analysis was done on a cross-section of the cheese blocks. In general, good results were obtained regressing the reference values onto the near infrared measurements using partial least squares regression. For example, using near infrared scanning reflection at CCP2 yielded root mean squared errors of cross-validation on 0.44% and 0.64% for fat and dry matter, respectively. Hence, surface chemistry of cheese blocks were representative for the average chemistry of the blocks. Furthermore, this study finds that it is possible to predict fat and dry matter at CCP3 based on near infrared measurements obtained at CCP1 earlier in the process. This enables improved control of the cheese making process, as it is possible to detect deviations from target quality early in the production process.
From multicultural to diversity policies: Tracing the demise of group representation and recognition in a local urban context
Authors: Saeys Arne , Van Puymbroeck Nicolas , Albeda Ympkje , Oosterlynck Stijn , Verschraegen Gert
Published: June 2019

This article deals with the question of how and why urban governments have implemented diversity policies in the context of a broader backlash against multiculturalism. The starting point of our analysis is the conceptualization of multiculturalism as a set of institutional arrangements for ethnic minority group representation and recognition. While scholars have largely focused on normative critiques of multiculturalism, arguing that it is unable to respond to the super-diversity in contemporary cities, this article focuses on the empirical complexities of diversity policy-making in a local context. More specifically, we investigate the changes in the policy practices and discourses regarding the representation and recognition of ethnic minorities in Antwerp, the largest city of the Flemish Region in Belgium. The minority policies in Antwerp had taken a multicultural turn by the 1990s, most evident in two strategies for group representation and recognition: the establishment of a migrant council to address the interests of ethnic minorities and the recruitment of an ethnically diverse city staff. We analyse how these measures became contested in the context of a wider backlash against multiculturalism. When multicultural policies became diversity policies, the migrant council was disbanded and a dress code prohibited minorities from displaying religious or other symbols in front-office public functions. With these cases, we argue that diversity discourses can be politicized in the governance of cities, with far-reaching consequences, such as the demise of ethnic minority representation and recognition, eventually reinforcing a neo-assimilationist focus urging migrants and their descendants to adapt to the cultural majority.
China’s South Asia Policy in the ‘New Era’
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev
Published: June 2019

In recent years, there has been a rise in China’s profile in South Asia. It is no surprise that Chinese experts have used terms, such as ‘new springtime’ in China–South Asia relations, ‘rediscovery of the strategic status of South Asia’ and ‘most relevant region with regard to the rise of China’.    The objective of this article is to examine the nature and drivers of China’s South Asia policy, especially under the leadership of Xi Jinping vis-à-vis China’s policy towards the region in the past. It is not sufficient to only examine international factors or foreign and security policy in the context of the neighbouring region, such as South Asia. China’s ‘domestic periphery’ presents a significant threat to its national security. These areas are linked to neighbouring countries of South Asia and Central Asia.

The announcement by Chinese President Xi Jinping of a ‘New Era’ or ‘third era’ in the history of Communist Party of China (CPC) represents a China which is known for its dictum ‘striving for achievement’ ( fenfa youwei). This is different from the second era’s policy of ‘keeping a low profile and biding the time’ proposed by Deng Xiaoping. Of course, the name of Mao Zedong is synonymous with the first era beginning from 1949.
Histopathological Findings of Intraoral Pleomorphic Adenomas: A Retrospective Study of a Case Series
Authors: Pérez-de-Oliveira Maria Eduarda , Leonel Augusto César Leal da Silva , de Castro Jurema Freire Lisboa , Carvalho Elaine Judite de Amorim , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Perez Danyel Elias da Cruz
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological features of 21 cases of intraoral pleomorphic adenoma (PA), with emphasis on histopathological findings. Between 2000 and 2016, all patients diagnosed as intraoral PA were retrieved and histopathological slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. All tumors were classified histologically according to Seifert et al (1980). The clinical and histopathological variables were analyzed using the Fisher’s exact test, considering a significance level of 5% ( P < .05). Plasmacytoid (85.7%), spindle (38.1%), and epithelioid (9.5%) myoepithelial cells were observed. Oncocytic (47.6%) and mucous (19%) cells were also found. The stroma was predominantly fibrous (95.2%), followed by myxoid (66.7%), hyaline (61.9%), and chondromyxoid (33.3%). Squamous (57.1%), adipose (47.6%), sebaceous (14.3%), and bone (14.3%) differentiations were found. Additionally, a group of tumors presented pleomorphism (23.8%), mitoses (14.3%), capsule infiltration (9.5%), and necrosis. The presence of cystic structures occurred significantly in patients older than 30 years ( P = .04) and mitoses were more observed in PA from buccal mucosa ( P = .026). All cases that presented plasmacytoid cells were smaller than 1.5 cm ( P = .015). All tumors with up to 50% stroma area presented with size smaller than 2.0 cm ( P = .013). Intraoral PA presents a large morphological spectrum and several microscopic features are associated with clinical findings.
Simultaneous stabilization of a collection of uncertain discrete-time systems with time-varying state-delay via discrete-time sliding mode control
Authors: Dastaviz A , Binazadeh T
Published: June 2019

This paper considers the simultaneous stabilization problem which concerns finding a single controller to simultaneously stabilize a finite collection of discrete-time nonlinear systems with time-varying state delay and norm-bounded uncertainties. For this purpose, a simultaneously stabilizing discrete-time sliding mode controller (DT-SMC) is synthesized. Based on the delay-dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method, sufficient conditions are derived which guarantee the existence of a common sliding surface in terms of a nonconvex feasibility problem. The cone complementarity linearization approach is exploited to transform the nonconvex conditions into a convex optimization problem. Finally, the robust simultaneously stabilizing DT-SMC is designed in order to draw the closed-loop trajectories of each system onto the common sliding surface in finite time and to maintain it thereafter. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated by simulation of a practical example.
Vibration control of smart composite structures using shunted piezoelectric systems and neuro-fuzzy techniques
Authors: Tairidis Georgios K.
Published: June 2019

Shunt piezoelectric circuits can be used in several combinations for passive control of smart structures. Resonant shunt circuits with resistors and inductors can control resonant frequencies, by consuming the energy produced from vibrations by passing it to electric components. Such systems are very efficient for single-mode problems; however, when it comes to multi-mode control, their performance drastically deteriorates. The purpose of the present study is the development of optimized resonant shunt piezoelectric circuits, along with an intelligent control system based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy techniques, for vibration suppression of smart composite structures. Shunt circuits are pre-tuned to the first four eigenfrequencies and a neuro-fuzzy control system is developed and used for the activation of the suitable shunt circuit, each time, providing the necessary adaptivity to the whole system.
Postdischarge Adverse Events Among Patients Who Received Home Health Care Services
Authors: Tsilimingras Dennis , Zhang Liying , Chukmaitov Askar
Published: June 2019

Adverse events that occur in urban and rural adults during the posthospitalization period have become a major public health concern. However, postdischarge adverse events for patients receiving home health care have been understudied. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with postdischarge adverse events for patients who received home health care services. We analyzed data from a prospective cohort study that was conducted among patients who were hospitalized in the Tallahassee Memorial Hospital from December 2011 to October 2012. Telephone interviews were conducted by trained nurses who contacted patients within 4 weeks after discharge. Physicians reviewed cases with possible adverse events that were triaged by the nurses. The adverse events that were identified were categorized as preventable, ameliorable, and nonpreventable/nonameliorable. Nearly 39% of 85 patients who received home health care experienced postdischarge adverse events that were predominantly preventable or ameliorable. The associated risk factors were living alone (odds ratio [OR] = 7.860, p = .020), insured by Medicare or Medicaid (OR = 6.402, p = .048), type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 6.323, p = .004), pneumonia (OR = 5.504, p = .004), and other infections (OR = 4.618, p = .031). This study was able to identify that nearly one in every two patients who received home health care after hospital discharge experienced an adverse event. Patient safety research needs to focus in the home by developing specific interventions to avert adverse events and improve patient safety during the delivery of home health care services.
Traumatic hyphema in a patient with severe hemophilia A: Clinical features and management
Authors: Belviranli Selman , Ozkagnici Ahmet , Tokgoz Huseyin , Bitirgen Gulfidan , Caliskan Umran
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

To describe a case of traumatic hyphema in a patient with severe hemophilia A.

Case:

We present a case of a 16-year-old boy with severe hemophilia A who presented to our ophthalmology department with total hyphema and elevated intraocular pressure 3 days after a history of blunt ocular trauma on his right eye. Due to the persistent intraocular pressure elevation and total hyphema despite medical intervention, an early anterior chamber washout was performed with the replacement of factor VIII preoperatively and postoperatively. Re-bleeding or any other complications were not experienced during surgery or postoperatively. At the first postoperative week, 20/20 visual acuity and a normal intraocular pressure without antiglaucoma medication was retained and remained stable during the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

In such cases with hemophilia A, traumatic hyphema, and intraocular pressure elevation despite medical intervention, an early surgical clot removal under intense factor VIII replacement could be performed. In the early postoperative period, factor replacement should be resumed in order to avoid re-bleeding.
Measuring justice
Authors: Cullerne Bown William
Published: June 2019

The possibility of measuring the success of the criminal justice system in distinguishing the guilty from the innocent is often dismissed as impossible or at least impractical. Here I claim to demonstrate that such epistemic measurement would only be difficult. All measurement consists of two steps, the acquisition of observations and their processing through a computational framework. The law has lacked both, but I have recently put forward a computational framework and here I set out how the necessary observations can be obtained. This completes the conceptual foundations necessary for the development of jurisprudence as a social science, for policymaking in the law that is rooted in rational concern for epistemic outcomes, and for us to fulfil the modern, trustworthy and democratic promise that our forebears found in Blackstone’s ratio.
Indoor air distribution in a room with underfloor air distribution and chilled ceiling: Effect of ceiling surface temperature and supply air velocity
Authors: Gao Jie , Wang Haichao , Wu Xiaozhou , Wang Fenghao , Tian Zhen
Published: June 2019

An underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system integrated with a chilled ceiling (CC) cooling system may be a potential advanced heating, ventilation and air conditioning system in modern non-residential buildings with high sensible cooling loads. This article presents an experimental study concerning the effect of ceiling surface temperature and supply air velocity on the indoor air distribution in a room with UFAD as the internal and external sensible cooling loads change. The vertical distributions of indoor air temperature, air velocity and contaminant (CO2) concentration were evaluated by vertical air temperature difference (VATD), turbulence intensity (TI) and contaminant removal effectiveness (CRE), respectively. The results showed that the average VATD, TI and CRE levels were 0.5°C–1.0°C, 31%–41% and 0.85–1.06 when both internal and external sensible cooling loads were 41.5 W/m2. These evaluation indices varied clearly when the external sensible cooling load increased from 41.5 W/m2 to 69.5 W/m2, whereas they remained almost the same when the internal sensible cooling load increased from 41.5 W/m2 to 69.5 W/m2. The maximum TI coincided with the minimum CRE under the condition of a constant sensible cooling load. Moreover, an air diffusion performance index clearly reduced with an increase in the heat removal effectiveness. It is recommended that it is important to balance the indoor air quality and energy consumption in a room with UFAD + CC.
Vibration approximate analytical solutions of circular plate consideration of complex pre-stress distribution
Authors: Luyun Chen , Hong Yi
Published: June 2019

The influence of the complex pre-stress on the circular plate is investigated herein, with which to solve the non-uniform pre-stress distribution problem. According to the strain–stress equation, the motion differential equations of the circular thin plate with complex pre-stress distribution are derived. Based on the Rayleigh–Ritz theory of energy method, the complex pre-stress distribution function and vibration-displacement function are expanded into the cosine trigonometric series, and the approximate analytical solutions of structural free vibration for circular plate are proposed. A circular plate with simply supported boundary condition, for example, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through numerical calculations and the finite element method verification. The influence of different type’s distribution of welding residual stress on the natural frequency and mode shape for circular plate structure are compared. The proposed approach in present article can be used in arbitrary pre-stress distribution problem.
Understanding of Brain Death Among Health-Care Professionals at a Transplant Center
Authors: Lawson Michelle M. , Mooney Christopher J. , Demme Richard A.
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

There is considerable variation in brain death understanding and policies between medical institutions, however, studies have not yet compared different health-care professionals working in the same hospital.

Research Questions:

The overall aim of this study was to evaluate understanding of brain death among health-care professionals within intensive care units (ICUs) at a single institution.

Design:

Study participants included 217 attending physicians, residents, nurses, medical students, and other ICU team members in 6 ICUs. Participants completed a 21-question survey pertaining to knowledge of brain death and related institutional policies as well as opinions about brain death.

Results:

We found a wide range of brain death understanding among health-care professionals in ICUs. Attending physicians have the greatest understanding (94.7%), followed by nurses (72.4%). In contrast, approximately half of the students and residents do not have a basic understanding of brain death. Brain death understanding was correlated to health-care role, years of experience, and whether the participant had formal training in brain death. Although most participants had been involved in cases of brain death, a much smaller number had received formal training on death by neurological criteria.

Discussion:

The present study observed a paucity of clinical training in brain death among health-care professionals in the study ICUs. There is an opportunity for improved clinical education on brain death that could improve communication with families about brain death and potentially increase the number of organs transplanted.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Gang Involvement Among Juvenile Offenders: Assessing the Mediation Effects of Substance Use and Temperament Deficits
Authors: Wolff Kevin T. , Baglivio Michael T. , Klein Hannah J. , Piquero Alex R. , DeLisi Matt , Howell James C. (Buddy)
Published: June 2019

A growing body of research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Less understood is the role of ACEs in gang involvement among juvenile offenders. The current longitudinal study employs a sample of 104,267 juvenile offenders (mean age of 16, 76% male, 46% Black non-Hispanic, 15.7% Hispanic) to examine the effect of ACE exposure on two different measures of gang involvement by age 18. We use structural equation modeling to test whether higher ACE exposure at Time 1 predicts gang involvement and whether current substance use and/or difficult temperament mediates the ACE-gang involvement relationship. Results indicate ACE exposure at Time 1 predicts gang involvement by age 18, but that much of the effect of ACEs on later gang involvement can be explained by their impact on current substance abuse and difficult temperament. Implications for juvenile justice systems are discussed.
A novel privacy- and integrity-preserving approach for multidimensional data range queries in two-tiered wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhao Meng , Chen Jin , Li Xueyong , Chen Zhiping , Tang Yihong , Zou Sai
Published: June 2019

To address the problem of storage nodes in wireless sensor networks being vulnerable to attack, this article proposes a new range query protocol, WQuery, based on multidimensional data privacy and integrity protection. To ensure the privacy of multidimensional data, the WQuery protocol encodes multidimensional sensing data and user query requests based on a bucket-partitioning scheme and sequential encryption mechanism at the sensor node and sink node. Therefore, the storage nodes cannot sense the real value of sensing data and query requests under the premise of correctly executing the request. To ensure the integrity of the multidimensional data query results, WQuery includes an integrity verification scheme based on the new tree-to-destination data structure. The scheme translates the actual query scope of a user request into a matched set of bucket labels and verifies the integrity of query results through the tree-to-destination data structure. Simulation results show that the tree-to-destination scheme is flexible, easy to implement, and highly secure, thereby effectively reducing energy consumption.
Structural equations model to analyze the incidence of variables related to innovation management in organizations
Authors: Pérez-Campdesuñer Reyner , Ruiz-de la Peña Jenny , García-Vidal Gelmar , Sánchez-Rodríguez Alexander , Martínez-Vivar Rodobaldo
Published: June 2019

Previous works have demonstrated the possibilities to influence the innovation process in organizations. Although the presented initiatives have their merits, they suffer from a lack of integrated perspective. They are focused on the evaluation of the link between the innovation process and only one of the subsystems of the administration, without considering the implications of the other subsystems. The aim of this article is to define a model of structural equations that summarizes the impact of the variables related to innovation management in organizations. This article first presents the identified variables according to the analyzed literature and then shows which variables were selected by consulting experts on the field. To measure the selected variables some questionnaires were elaborated. The questionnaires were applied in 111 entities of different production sectors. A confirmatory factorial analysis was developed with the obtained measures. Thanks to this analysis, it was possible to verify the incidence of the evaluated variables in the innovation management, allowing the elaboration of the model. The proposed model shows the link between the different variables that contribute to the innovation management process. The analysis confirmed that innovation, as a construct, has a multifactorial nature. The information used as input for the elaboration of the model allowed introducing a new sequence of innovation management from the integrated management of the variables that can influence it. This integrated management ensures effective human resources management, production, and marketing. The findings confirm that innovation needs to be managed in an integrated way with the rest of the administrative subsystems rather than as an isolated process. This way of working allows obtaining better results for the organizations. Based on the multisectorial nature of the research sample, it can be assumed that the obtained results can be corroborated in several fields.
Property Rights Through Social Movements: The Case of Plantations in Kerala, India
Authors: Iyer Deepa Kylasam
Published: June 2019

Globally, increased investor interest in land is confronting various types of political mobilisations from communities at the grassroots level. This article examines the case study of a land occupation movement called Chengara struggle in the largest corporate plantation in southern India. The movement is led by the historically dispossessed scheduled caste and scheduled tribe communities. The objective of the study is to understand the type of institutional transformation of property rights that the movement is calibrating. Institutional theory is used to determine the nature and direction of transformation using the framework of economic and political transaction costs. The article concludes that the central demand of the struggle for individual title deed has higher private gains for right-holders, but has overall negative gains for agricultural productivity. The article concludes that productivity-oriented demands to restructure land-use rights within plantations might converge in the land struggles of the future.
Drying response of lime-mortar joints in granite masonry after an intense rainfall and after repointing
Authors: Fusade Lucie , Orr Scott Allan , Wood Chris , O’Dowd Meriel , Viles Heather
Published: June 2019

When rain impacts a building façade, it is essential that once it has entered, it leaves by evaporation to help the building dry out. Accumulation of moisture can lead to internal dampness, mould and decay of valuable masonry by salt weathering. In a solid masonry wall where the stone is of low permeability, such as granite which is found in many historic buildings, rain water mainly enters and leaves through mortar joints. If granite stone masonry needs repointing, the repair mortar must allow the overall masonry to dry out. This study evaluates the drying response of various lime-based repointing mortars mixes in small granite stone masonry constructions (test walls) subjected to a simulated intense short rain event and then left to dry. It determines the moisture movement through mortar joints, the influence of materials, joint types and workmanship, and whether repointing could mitigate moisture ingress and help masonry dry out. This study developed a novel experimental protocol which allowed comparison of the drying response of different mortar types in a low-porosity stone masonry system and the effect of repointing. Five test walls were built of Cornish granite with five different lime mortar mixes combining NHL 3.5 (St Astier) gauged with non-hydraulic quicklime (Shap), quartz and calcitic sand and biomass wood ash as additives. Simulated intense rain was sprayed on each wall over a 3.25 h spell. Drying was monitored over a week with a microwave moisture device (MOIST350B). Measurements were done at surface and depth on both mortar joints and granite units. Each wall was then repointed with the same mortar mix initially used when built and the same rain simulation was performed to evaluate differences repointing could make to the moisture dynamics. The importance of mortar in dealing with moisture movements in the test wall and absorbing moisture from the stones was demonstrated. Gauged binder and wood ash additives decreased the capillary absorption capacity of mortars while retaining a good drying rate. This study has also showed that after repointing water did not penetrate as deep under the same conditions. Therefore repointing reduces the threat of water ingress and shows that it could be a suitable conservation intervention to mitigate water ingress and accelerate drying.
Some Mental Cases with Endocrine Considerations
Authors: Prior Guy P. U.
Published: June 2019

It is well known that with the grosser lesions of many of the ductless glands there are profound alterations in the subject's mental powers. There are doubtless many less pronounced mental alterations due to slighter lesions of these glands which are for the most part unrecognised—in fact difference in character and disposition in different individuals and in the same individual at different times may be due to the variation in the balance of the internal secretions.
Regarding the Treatment of General Paralysis
Authors: Monrad-Krohn G. H.
Published: June 2019

When Noguchi found spirochaetes in the brain of general paralytics some years ago it seemed as if we were entering into a new era, not only in the pathological conception of the so-called “parasyphilitic” or “metasyphilitic” affections, but also in their treatment. In this latter respect most of us have hitherto been somewhat disappointed, and it may therefore be advisable to take up the rationale of the treatment for revision.
Chronic Hallucinatory Psychosis
Authors: Steen Robert Hunter
Published: June 2019

For several years past my attention has been directed to a series of cases in which theprincipalsymptom has been the presence of hallucinations.
Head Injuries in Relation to the Psychoses and Psycho-neuroses
Authors: Eager Richard
Published: June 2019

Until the outbreak of hostilities in August, 1914, the number of cases of mental disorder associated with head injury investigated by any one individual must of necessity have been very small. Hence the sparcity of literature on this subject. Never before the outbreak of the late war have so many men been engaged in armed conflict against one another, and never before have arms of such a destructive kind been employed.
Some Points of Interest in connection with the Psychoneuroses of War
Authors: Jeffrey George Rutherford
Published: June 2019

Upon the outbreak of the recent war, most of us, after experiencing a transitory phase of almost breathless suspense, passed, I think, into a state of apprehensive ignorance.