bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and evaluation of inhibitors of the EhGEF1 protein from Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Hernández‐Cuevas N. A. , Hernandez‐Rivas R. , Sosa‐Peinado A. , Rojo‐Domínguez A. , Vargas M.
Published: October 2011

The Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) is made up of a vast array of members that participate in the activation of the Rho family of small GTPases. Dbl‐family proteins promote the exchange of guanosine diphosphate/guanosine triphosphate (GDP/GTP) in their target molecules, resulting in the activation of a variety of signaling pathways involved in diverse cellular events, such as actin‐cytoskeleton remodeling, cellular invasion, cell movement, and other functions. It has been reported that members of the Dbl family have important roles in several cellular events in Entamoeba histolytica. These include activation of the actin cytoskeleton, cytokinesis, capping, uroid formation, cellular proliferation, erythrophagocytosis, cell migration, and chemotaxis. Here, we report the identification and testing of inhibitors of the E. histolytica guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (EhGEF1) protein (the research compounds 2BYRF, 2BY05, 2BYT6, 2BYLX, and 2BYPD), which decreased the in vitro ability of the protein to exchange GDP/GTP at its target GTPases, EhRacG and EhRho1, by 14.9–85.2%. Interestingly, the drug 1,1′‐(1,2‐phenylene)‐bis‐(1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione), which completely inhibits the GEF activity of the Trio protein in human cells, decreases the GEF activity of the EhGEF1 protein on the EhRacG and EhRho1 GTPases by 55.7% and 3.2%, respectively. The identification and evaluation of such inhibitors opens up the possibility of obtaining a new pharmacological tool to study the function of amoeba GEF proteins, their roles in various Rho GTPase‐mediated signaling pathways, and the repercussions of modulating their activities with respect to several mechanisms related to E. histolytica pathogenesis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and thermodynamic consequences of the replacement of zinc with environmental metals on estrogen receptor α–DNA interactions
Authors: Deegan Brian J. , Bona Anna M. , Bhat Vikas , Mikles David C. , McDonald Caleb B. , Seldeen Kenneth L. , Farooq Amjad
Published: October 2011

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) acts as a transcription factor by virtue of the ability of its DNA‐binding (DB) domain, comprised of a tandem pair of zinc fingers, to recognize the estrogen response element within the promoters of target genes. Herein, using an array of biophysical methods, we probe the structural consequences of the replacement of zinc within the DB domain of ERα with various environmental metals and their effects on the thermodynamics of binding to DNA. Our data reveal that whereas the DB domain reconstituted with divalent ions of zinc, cadmium, mercury, and cobalt binds to DNA with affinities in the nanomolar range, divalent ions of barium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and tin are unable to regenerate DB domain with DNA‐binding potential, although they can compete with zinc for coordinating the cysteine ligands within the zinc fingers. We also show that the metal‐free DB domain is a homodimer in solution and that the binding of various metals only results in subtle secondary and tertiary structural changes, implying that metal coordination may only be essential for binding to DNA. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insights into how environmental metals may modulate the physiological function of a key nuclear receptor involved in mediating a plethora of cellular functions central to human health and disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Performance FETs Prepared From Electrospun Aligned P4TDPP Nanofibers
Authors: Lin Chih Jung , Hsu Jung Ching , Tsai Jung Hsun , Kuo Chi Ching , Lee Wen Ya , Chen Wen Chang
Published: October 2011

The morphology and charge transport characteristics of electrospun aligned nanofibers based on the 2D conjugated polythiophene derivative P4TDPP are studied. The crystallinity, orientation, and molecular packing of P4TDPP nanofibers are significantly enhanced by a crystalline‐induced technique. P4TDPP nanofiber transistors exhibit a high hole mobility of 0.305 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off ratio of 1.30 × 105, which is significantly higher than that of the corresponding spin‐coated film (2.10 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1). The experimental results suggest that high‐performance FETs can be obtained from electrospun aligned nanofibers of crystalline conjugated polymers.
Subsystem Global Modal Parameterization for efficient simulation of flexible multibody systems
Authors: Naets F. , Heirman G.H.K. , Desmet W.
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a new model order reduction strategy for flexible multibody simulation, namely the Subsystem Global Modal Parameterization. The proposed method is based on a system‐level reduction technique, named Global Modal Parameterization, but offers significant improvements for systems with many independent DOFs. The approach splits up the motion of a mechanism or part of a mechanism into a relative motion, in which the members move relatively with respect to each other, and a global motion of the system, in which the relative position of the members does not change. The relative motion is described by a local Global Modal Parameterization model expressed in a mechanism‐attached frame, and the global motion is described by the motion of the mechanism‐attached frame. In order to improve simulation efficiency, mass invariants are used, which are also introduced in this paper. Two numerical examples are presented, which show the good accuracy and the major simulation efficiency improvements this new approach offers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocatalytic measurements of TiO2/MWCNT catalysts having different surface coverage
Authors: Réti Balázs , Németh Krisztián , Németh Zoltán , Mogyorósi Károly , Markó Kata , Erdőhelyi András , Dombi András , Hernadi Klara
Published: October 2011

Photocatalytic oxidation using TiO2 is one way to deal with pollutant compounds. Due to literature data, further improvement can be achieved by using MWCNT‐based nanocomposites as photocatalysts. TiO2/multiwall carbon nanotube composite photocatalysts were synthetized by sol–gel method with different level coverages. As‐prepared catalysts were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). These investigations revealed that we could fabricate MWCNT composite either homogenously, inhomogenously or barely coated with TiO2. XRD results showed that after annealing the amorphous titanium oxide–hydroxide formed anatase phase titanium dioxide which is photocatalytically more active than rutile phase TiO2. Catalysts were tested in both gas and liquid phase photocatalytic reactions using Aeroxide (Degussa) P25 as reference. The concentrations of model compounds were measured by GC and HPLC techniques. As a result of catalytic tests, we have found correlation between morphology and photocatalytic activity. Preferred adsorption of test molecules on MWCNT surface can be a key step of the reaction.
Identification of metabolites of geniposide in rat urine using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Han Han , Yang Li , Xu Ying , Ding Yue , Annie Bligh S. W. , Zhang Tong , Wang Zhengtao
Published: October 2011

Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside, is an important and characteristic compound in the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a commonly used medicinal herb in Chinese traditional and folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and jaundice. However, few studies have been carried out on the metabolism of geniposide. In this study, we have established a rapid and sensitive method using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS) for analysis of the metabolic profile of geniposide in rat urine after oral administration. A total of ten metabolites were detected and identified by comparing their fragmentation patterns with that of geniposide using Metabolynx™ and MassFragment™ software tools. The results revealed that the principal metabolism pathways of geniposide in rat occurred after deglycosylation of the irdoid glycoside take place and this is followed by glucuronidation and the pyran‐ring cleavages. The major metabolite, the glucuronic acid conjugate of genipin as observed in vivo, was further confirmed by the in vitro enzymatic study. The results of this work have demonstrated the feasibility of the UPLC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS approach for rapid and reliable characterization of metabolites from iridoid compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and correction of spectral contamination in 2H/1H and 18O/16O measured in leaf, stem, and soil water
Authors: Schultz Natalie M. , Griffis Timothy J. , Lee Xuhui , Baker John M.
Published: October 2011

Plant water extracts typically contain organic materials that may cause spectral interference when using isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS), resulting in errors in the measured isotope ratios. Manufacturers of IRIS instruments have developed post‐processing software to identify the degree of contamination in water samples, and potentially correct the isotope ratios of water with known contaminants. Here, the correction method proposed by an IRIS manufacturer, Los Gatos Research, Inc., was employed and the results were compared with those obtained from isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Deionized water was spiked with methanol and ethanol to create correction curves for δ18O and δ2H. The contamination effects of different sample types (leaf, stem, soil) and different species from agricultural fields, grasslands, and forests were compared. The average corrections in leaf samples ranged from 0.35 to 15.73‰ for δ2H and 0.28 to 9.27‰ for δ18O. The average corrections in stem samples ranged from 1.17 to 13.70‰ for δ2H and 0.47 to 7.97‰ for δ18O. There was no contamination observed in soil water. Cleaning plant samples with activated charcoal had minimal effects on the degree of spectral contamination, reducing the corrections, by on average, 0.44‰ for δ2H and 0.25‰ for δ18O. The correction method eliminated the discrepancies between IRMS and IRIS for δ18O, and greatly reduced the discrepancies for δ2H. The mean differences in isotope ratios between IRMS and the corrected IRIS method were 0.18‰ for δ18O, and −3.39‰ for δ2H. The inability to create an ethanol correction curve for δ2H probably caused the larger discrepancies. We conclude that ethanol and methanol are the primary compounds causing interference in IRIS analyzers, and that each individual analyzer will probably require customized correction curves. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A piezoresistive tactile sensor for tissue characterization during catheter‐based cardiac surgery
Authors: Kalantari Masoud , Ramezanifard Mohammadreza , Ahmadi Roozbeh , Dargahi Javad , Kövecses József
Published: October 2011

Background

Currently, most of mitral valve annuloplasty surgeries are performed by using open heart surgery. However, if such operation would be performed by using minimally invasive surgery via catheter‐based techniques (CBT), it offers various advantages for both surgeons and patients.

Methods

Two piezoresistive force sensors are used in the structure of the tactile sensor, which can easily be miniaturized and integrated into surgical catheters. The tactile sensor was fabricated and tested to characterize different elastomers, as the phantom of cardiac tissues. Based on a developed finite element analysis (FEA) of the elastomers, the interaction between the sensor and those materials were modelled to validate the output of the sensor.

Results

The results of the mechanical and psychophysical tests confirm the capability of the proposed sensor to measure the relative hardness/softness of different soft tissues.

Conclusions

The proposed tactile sensor will help surgeons to characterize different types of cardiac tissues and would facilitate the use of CBT to perform mitral valve annuloplasty. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements of critical point shrinkage of glutaraldehyde fixed mouse liver
Authors: Boyde A. , Franc F. , Maconnachie E.
Published: October 2011

The dimensional changes of small cubes of glutaraldehyde fixed mouse liver tissue were measured using a light microscope image projected into the Quantimet 720 Image Analysing computer system. The dimensional changes occurring in the critical drying bomb could be followed at all stages when violent turbulence was not occurring. The results show that liver tissue blocks shrink in four stages whilst in the critical point drying bomb: (1) during substitution of the intermediate solvent with the transitional fluid; (2) when the transitional fluid is warmed above the critical temperature; (3) when the transitional fluid, now a gas, is allowed to escape from the CPD bomb – the rate of shrinkage increasing as atmospheric pressure is approached; (4) at atmospheric pressure when all the gas has been allowed to escape from the bomb.

Taken together with the authors' previous findings, it would seem that substantial shrinkage of animal soft tissue specimens must occur whilst they are undergoing “critical point drying”. This fact should be taken into account when interpreting SEM images of CPD tissues.
Specimen coating for high resolution scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Evans A. C. , Franks J.
Published: October 2011

Thin conducting films, produced by evaporation or soft vacuum sputtering generally show cracks and grain formation, when examined under high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These artefacts can obscure surface features of coated specimens or cause confusion in the interpretation of micrographs. No such structures have been observed in films produced by ion beam deposition. Ion beam deposition equipment is described in which a cold cathode saddle field ion source, operating at low pressure (15mPa), produces a 2 mm diameter beam of energetic ions (5 keV) and neutrals. With the beam directed onto a target at 30° to glancing incidence, the sputtered material coats the specimens, which are held in a planetary system for good coverage.

Conditions favouring fine grain growth are a high nucleation density and low energy transfer to the substrate by thermal conduction or radiation or by particle or photon radiation. These conditions are satisfied by ion beam deposition but evidently not by evaporation or soft vacuum sputtering.

With the specimen stationary, sharp shadowing is obtained because the target acts almost as a point source, because of the small diameter of the beam and because there is little scatter at the operating pressure.
A method for measuring the dimensional changes of tissues prepared for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Campbell G. J. , Roach M. R.
Published: October 2011

A new method is presented for determining the dimensional changes which can occur during the fixation, dehydration and drying of tissue specimens prepared for examination by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photomicrographs of a random array of markers (fluorescent microspheres 9–12 μm diameter, encapsulated in dabs of cyanoacrylate adhesive) on the surface of specimens are obtained with the aid of an optical microscope equipped for fluorescent microscopy. One marker, which is common to each pair of photomicrographs representing the wet and processed conditions of the specimen, is selected from the array of markers. The tracings which depict the outline of the dabs and the location of the microspheres, for the wet and processed specimens are combined into a single composite with the one superimposed marker representing the origin of a set of mutually‐perpendicular axes. A newly developed computer programme acquires the coordinates of the marker points, optimizes the alignment of the marker points and computes the proportional dimensional changes in two mutually‐perpendicular directions, as well as along the direct path between the common marker and the remaining markers.
Feasibility for chemometric energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence and scattering (EDXRFS) spectroscopy method for rapid soil quality assessment
Authors: Kaniu M. I. , Angeyo K. H. , Mangala M. J. , Mwala A. K. , Bartilol S. K.
Published: October 2011

Soil quality assessment (SQA) is important for modulating agricultural productivity and thus requires simple and rapid analysis of soil (macro & micro) nutrients (here called soil quality indicators – SQIs). We report proof of concept of a chemometrics‐assisted energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence and scattering (EDXRFS) spectroscopy technique for direct rapid analysis of SQIs. The EDXRFS method exploits, in addition to fluorescence, the X‐ray scatter peaks obtained non‐invasively from soils to develop a calibration strategy for quantitative analysis of SQIs in model clay soils doped with micronutrients (Fe, Cu, and Zn) and macronutrients (NO3−, SO42−, and H2PO4−). The soil samples and certified reference materials IAEA Soil‐7 and IAEA Soil‐1 (used to build spectral library for soil classification) were irradiated at various live times (to simulate different signal‐to‐noise ratios of analyte signals and analysis speed) in a teflon holder and were analyzed using a 109Cd‐excited XRF spectrometer. Principal components analysis was used for spectral data compression and pattern recognition (including for those SQI spectral signatures without any visibly discernible characteristic X‐ray lines), whereas partial least squares regression and artificial neural networks were used to build a calibration and quantitative analysis strategy. The method furnishes soil micronutrient and macronutrient information simultaneously and rapidly (t = 200 s). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that an XRF method has demonstrated spectroanalytical potential for quantitative macronutrients analysis in soils applicable to routine SQA. Coupling EDXRFS with multivariate chemometrics enables rapid and reliable assessment of chemical SQIs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enterocutaneous Fistulas and a Hostile Abdomen: Reoperative Surgical Approaches
Authors: Latifi R. , Joseph B. , Kulvatunyou N. , Wynne J. L. , O’Keeffe T. , Tang A. , Friese R. , Rhee P. M.
Published: October 2011

Damage‐control surgery and open‐abdomen is an acceptable—and often lifesaving—approach to the treatment of patients with severe trauma, abdominal compartment syndrome, necrotizing soft tissue catastrophes, and other abdominal disasters, when closing the abdomen is not possible, ill advised, or will have serious sequelae. However, common consequences of open‐abdomen management include large abdominal wall defects, enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs), and enteroatmospheric fistulas (EAFs). Furthermore, in such patients, a frozen and hostile abdomen (alone or combined with ECFs) is not uncommon. Adding biologic mesh to our surgical armamentarium has revolutionized hernia surgery.
Preservation of Genital Innervation in Women During Total Mesorectal Excision: Which Anterior Plane?
Authors: Peschaud Frédérique , Moszkowicz David , Alsaid Bayan , Bessede Thomas , Penna Christophe , Benoit Gérard
Published: October 2011

Background

Erectile dysfunction, principally related to injury of the autonomic nerve fibers in men, is a major cause of postoperative morbidity after anterolateral dissection during total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal adenocarcinoma. However, the autonomic innervation of erectile bodies is less known in women, and the anterolateral plane of dissection during TME remains unclear. The existence of the rectovaginal septum (RVS) is controversial. The purpose of the present study was to identify the RVS in the human fetus and adult female by dissection, immunohistochemistry, and three‐dimensional reconstruction, and to define its relationship with erectile nerve fibers so as to determine the anterolateral plane of dissection during TME, which could reduce postoperative sexual dysfunction in women.

Method

Macroscopic dissection, histologic studies, and immunohistochemistry examination with 3D reconstruction were performed in six fresh female adult cadavers and six female fetuses.

Results

The RVS was clearly definable in all adult specimens. It was composed of multiple connective tissue, with smooth muscle fibers originating from the uterus and the vagina. It is closely applied to the vagina and has a relationship with the neurovascular bundles (NVBs) that contain erectile fibers intended for the clitoris. The NVBs are situated anteriorly to the posterior extension of rectovaginal septum. This posterior extension protects the NVBs during the anterior and anterolateral dissection for removal of rectal cancer.

Conclusions

To reduce the risk of postoperative sexual dysfunction in women undergoing TME for rectal cancer, we recommend careful dissection to the anterior mesorectum to develop a plane of dissection behind the posterior extension of the RVS if oncologically reasonable.
The Roman Poets of the Augustan Age
Authors: Sellar William Young
Published: October 2011

William Young Sellar (1825–1890) was a classical scholar who specialised in the study of Roman poetry. After graduating from Balliol College, Oxford, in 1843 he held assistant professorships in various universities before being appointed Professor of Humanities at Edinburgh University in 1863, a post which he held until his death. This volume, first published posthumously in 1891, discusses the forms and development of Roman poetry in the reign of Augustus (43 BCE–14 CE); it was intended as a companion to his 1877 book on Virgil, also reissued in this series. Sellar provides a detailed discussion of Horace's many literary styles in their historical context, discusses the development of Roman elegy from early Greek forms, and analyses the works of Ovid in detail. Sellar's meticulous interpretations led to this volume becoming the standard authority on the development of Roman poetry in the early Roman Empire.
Harriet Martineau's Autobiography
Authors: Martineau Harriet , Chapman Maria Weston
Published: October 2011

Harriet Martineau (1802–1876) was a British writer who was one of the first social theorists to examine all aspects of a society, including class, religion, national character and the status of women. These volumes, first published in 1877, contain Martineau's unusual autobiography. Written in three months in 1855 when she believed herself to be dying of heart disease, the original two volumes remained unaltered despite her recovery and continued writing. The third volume, covering the remainder of Martineau's life, was written by her friend and literary executor, Maria Chapman, who had access to Martineau's private papers. These works were the first substantial published account of Martineau's life and work, and remain a remarkable example of the genre for Martineau's vivid descriptions and candid, outspoken opinions of Victorian society. Volume 1 covers her life until 1834. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=martha
Primitive Civilizations
Authors: Simcox Edith Jemima
Published: October 2011

Edith Simcox (1844–1901) was a prominent British feminist, social critic, and prolific writer. She published many articles and essays advocating support for women's rights to education, improved working conditions and suffrage. Her scholarly works in philosophy and economic history sought to demonstrate that contemporary capitalism was not the only route to a prosperous society. These volumes, first published in 1897, contain a comparative analysis of the economic history of ancient societies. Simcox discusses and compares aspects of economic history including ownership, industry and commerce, and domestic relations and ownership rights within families, in ancient Egypt, Sumeria and China. Through her comparisons, this pioneering volume examines economic effects on the proprietary rights of women, demonstrating that gender relations and contemporary ideals were not consistent across ancient cultures. Volume 2 contains her discussion of ancient and medieval China. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=simced
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. Volume 1 contains early essays, and two pieces of fiction: Leoni and The King of the Golden River.
The Educational Writings of John Locke
Authors: Locke John
Published: October 2011

John Locke (1632–1704) is widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment philosophers. This volume, edited by J. W. Adamson and published as a second edition in 1922, contains two of John Locke's essays concerning education; Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) and Of the Conduct of the Understanding (1706). Some Thoughts Concerning Education expands on Locke's pioneering theory of mind by explaining how to educate a child using three complementary methods: the development of a healthy body; the formation of a virtuous mind; and the pursuit of an academic curriculum including the emerging sciences, mathematics and languages. Of the Conduct of the Understanding continues the theme of the earlier essay by describing how to develop rational thought. For over a century after the publication of these essays, John Locke's views on education were considered authoritative, and his work was translated into almost all major European languages.
The Works of Thomas Carlyle
Authors: Carlyle Thomas
Published: October 2011

Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) was one of the most influential authors of the nineteenth century. Eagerly studied at the highest level of intellectual society, his satirical essays and perceptive historical biographies caused him to be regarded for much of the Victorian period as a literary genius and eminent social philosopher. After graduating from Edinburgh University in 1814, he published his first scholarly work on German literature in 1824, before finding literary success with his history of the French Revolution in 1837. After falling from favour during the first part of the twentieth century, his work has more recently become the subject of scholarly re-examination. His introduction of German literature and philosophy into the British intellectual milieu profoundly influenced later philosophical ideas and literary studies. These volumes are reproduced from the 1896 Centenary Edition of his collected works. Volume 26 contains the first volume of a collection of critical essays.
Oeuvres complètes
Authors: Cauchy Augustin-Louis
Published: October 2011

Augustin-Louis, Baron Cauchy (1789–1857) was the pre-eminent French mathematician of the nineteenth century. He began his career as a military engineer during the Napoleonic Wars, but even then was publishing significant mathematical papers, and was persuaded by Lagrange and Laplace to devote himself entirely to mathematics. His greatest contributions are considered to be the Cours d'analyse de l'École Royale Polytechnique (1821), Résumé des leçons sur le calcul infinitésimal (1823) and Leçons sur les applications du calcul infinitésimal à la géométrie (1826–8), and his pioneering work encompassed a huge range of topics, most significantly real analysis, the theory of functions of a complex variable, and theoretical mechanics. Twenty-six volumes of his collected papers were published between 1882 and 1958. The first series (volumes 1-12) consists of papers published by the Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France; the second series (volumes 13-26) of papers published elsewhere.
Œuvres de Charles Hermite
Authors: Hermite Charles
Published: October 2011

Charles Hermite (1822–1901) was a French mathematician who made significant contributions to pure mathematics, and especially to number theory and algebra. In 1858 he solved the equation of the fifth degree by elliptic functions, and in 1873 he proved that e (the base of natural logarithms) is transcendental. The legacy of his work can be shown in the large number of mathematical terms which bear the adjective 'Hermitian'. As a teacher at the École Polytechnique, the Faculté des Sciences de Paris and the École Normale Supérieure he was influential and inspiring to a new generation of scientists in many disciplines. The four volumes of his collected papers were published between 1905 and 1908.
The Life of John Ruskin
Authors: Cook Edward Tyas
Published: October 2011

In 1911, the New York Times alerted its readers to the forthcoming 'authoritative' biography of Ruskin with the words 'out of a life's devotion to Ruskin and the Herculean task of editing the definitive Ruskin, Mr E. T. Cook is to give us a definitive Ruskin biography also. It will have the authority of a brilliant Oxford scholar, combined with the charm and lightness of a style which makes Mr Cook one of the first of English journalists'. Cook had been given complete access to Ruskin's diaries, notebooks and letters by his literary executors, and Ruskin's family and friends co-operated fully with him. His depth of knowledge of, and sympathy for, his subject make Cook's biography a vital tool for anyone wishing to understand Ruskin's extraordinary achievements in so many fields. Volume 2 covers the period from 1860 to Ruskin's death in 1900, and includes an index to both volumes.
Roman Poets of the Augustan Age
Authors: Sellar William Young
Published: October 2011

This work by William Young Sellar (1825–1890) was first published in 1877, when Sellar was well established as Professor of Humanity at the University of Edinburgh. It is a companion volume to his equally acclaimed Roman Poets of the Republic and the later continuation Horace and the Elegaic Poets, all three of which remain of value to scholars today. The book's ten chapters give an overview of the Augustan Age and Virgil's life and work in context (chapters 1-3), then moving to the Eclogues (chapter 4) and the Georgics (chapters 5-7), before devoting the remaining chapters to the Aeneid. A detailed table of contents allows the reader to navigate between analysis of the historical context, Virgil's literary forms and motives, and general literary interpretation. This work is both a meticulous work of scholarship, and, as the affectionate dedication shows, a tribute to the author's passion for his subject.
Gilbert Crispin Abbot of Westminster
Authors: Robinson J. Armitage
Published: October 2011

Gilbert Crispin (c. 1045–1117/18), fourth abbot of Westminster Abbey, was a scion of an important Norman family. Trained at Bec under St Anselm, later archbishop of Canterbury, he was a noted scholar and theologian. Under his rule, Westminster Abbey began to expand physically and grow in importance, making full play of its position as the chosen burial site of Edward the Confessor. The necessity to raise funds for the building work probably led to Crispin's association with the London Jewish community, and this was to inspire his most important theological work, Disputation with a Jew. In this 1911 book, J. Robinson Armitage, then dean of Westminster, mines the abbey archives to write both a biography and a discussion of Crispin's thirty-year administration of Westminster. He also includes the texts of all Crispin's known writings, together with a selection of charters. A significant work on a hitherto neglected Anglo-Norman churchman.
Illustrious Irishwomen
Authors: Blackburne E. Owens
Published: October 2011

Elizabeth Owens Blackburne (1848–1894) was an Irish professional writer, novelist and biographer whose novels were mostly set in Ireland. After attending Trinity College, Dublin she published her first work in 1869, and moved to London in 1873 to pursue her career as a writer. These volumes, first published in 1877, contain a series of detailed biographies of Irish women who Blackburne considered pre-eminent. The biographies cover a broad range of women, including the semi-mythical Saint Brigit and Queen Macha, and are arranged chronologically. These volumes were the first biographical reference of Irish women to be published, and the balanced descriptions and extensive use of original sources ensure that they remain of value as a reference for researchers and historians. Volume 1 contains twenty biographies of Irish women from the early and medieval periods to the nineteenth century.
The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament
Authors: Clarkson Thomas
Published: October 2011

Thomas Clarkson (1760–1846) was a leading campaigner against slavery and the African slave trade. After graduating from St. John's College, Cambridge in 1783, Clarkson with Granville Sharp (1735–1813) founded the Committee for the Abolition of the African Slave Trade in 1787, which increased popular support for abolition and was the main campaigner behind the abolition of the slave trade. These volumes, first published in 1808, contain a unique contemporary account of the abolition movement from one of its major leaders. Clarkson describes in great detail the Quaker background to the abolitionist movement and the parliamentary debates leading to the Slave Trade Act of 1807. The contemporary arguments both in support and in opposition to abolition and the researches and actions of the abolition movement's members are described, creating an important historical record of the movement. Volume 1 contains the early history of the abolition movement until July 1788.
Essays on the Pursuits of Women
Authors: Cobbe Frances Power
Published: October 2011

Frances Power Cobbe (1822–1904) was an Irish writer, social reformer and activist best known for her contributions to Victorian feminism and women's suffrage. After the death of her father in 1857, Cobbe travelled extensively across Europe before becoming a leader-writer addressing public issues for the London newspaper The Echo in 1868. She continued to publish on the topics of feminism, social problems and theology for the rest of her life. This volume, first published in 1863, contains a series of essays discussing topics of importance to early feminists. Cobbe explores sexual and matrimonial inequality and the changing status of and opportunities for single women, and advocates greater and more extensive female education. Cobbe also discusses possible reasons behind the inequality and limitations experienced by singe and married women, providing insights into the lives experienced by Victorian women and exemplifying the ideas and concerns of contemporary feminists.
The Higher Education of Women
Authors: Davies Emily
Published: October 2011

Emily Davies (1830–1921) was an English early feminist and suffragist who is best remembered for her pioneering campaign to allow women access to university education. Davies was one of the founders of Girton College, Cambridge and served as Mistress between 1873–1875. This volume, first published in 1866, discusses the state of female education after the ages of 16-18. Davies explores the contemporary differences between male and female education and advocates women's entry into higher education, providing specific suggestions on how this could occur and the benefits it could bring to both men and women. The concerns of early feminists and the differing contemporary attitudes towards female education are presented in this volume, which also includes the 1854 pamphlet Remarks on the Education of Girls by feminist Bessie Rayner Parkes and an influential 1854 pamphlet summarising the legal restrictions of married women by feminist activist Barbara Bodichon.
The Naval Chronology of Great Britain
Authors: Ralfe James
Published: October 2011

James Ralfe (fl. 1820–1829) was a historian best remembered for this comprehensive history of British naval involvement in the Napoleonic Wars. First published in 1820 and intended as a successor and continuation of Captain Isaac Schomberg's history of the navy, Naval Chronology, Ralfe's work is remarkably detailed, using first-hand accounts of naval engagements taken from interviews with officers and sailors in addition to contemporary official naval documents. Chronologically by year, Ralfe notes and explains major parliamentary proceedings relating to the navy, lists the serving flag officers for the given year, and describes naval battles and engagements, arranged according to location. The innovative structure of these volumes, with detailed descriptions of naval battles, provide a valuable reference for the study of the British navy during the Napoleonic Wars. Volume 2 covers 1807–1809.
Royal Naval Biography
Authors: Marshall John
Published: October 2011

John Marshall (c.1784–1837) was a naval officer and biographer. He first went to sea at the age of nine, and by the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 had reached the rank of lieutenant. After the war, he started to research the lives of contemporary high-ranking naval officers, some of whose service reached as far back as 1760. These volumes, first published between 1823 and 1830, contain the results of this monumental research, and demonstrate the new 'cult' of the navy in the early nineteenth century. Some of the biographies were contributed by the officers themselves, with others containing private or official letters and other records. Organised according to seniority in rank, these volumes contain a wealth of fascinating information on the careers of naval officers and battles and wars in which they took part. Volume 4, Part 1, contains the continuation of biographies of commanders.
A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon
Authors: Bonaparte Napoleon
Published: October 2011

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) is best remembered for establishing the First French Empire, declaring himself Emperor of the French in 1804. His military campaigns across Europe sparked the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) and profoundly shaped European political and economic activities during the early nineteenth century. These volumes, edited by military officer and historian Denis Arthur Bingham and first published in 1884, contain translations of a selection of Bonaparte's letters. Bonaparte was a prolific letter writer, and the translations in these volumes describe a variety of domestic and international situations, including his early military career, his reports on the invasion of Egypt, and his criticism of his relatives who he had installed on the thrones of various conquered countries. Arranged by year with concise explanatory notes, these volumes provide a valuable and fascinating resource for the study of Bonaparte's career and character. Volume 1 covers his childhood and career until 1802.
Notes on the West Indies
Authors: Pinckard George
Published: October 2011

George Pinckard (1768–1835) was an army surgeon who arrived in the West Indies in 1796. His letters to a friend were published as Notes on the West Indies in 1806; a second edition came out in 1816. Having been separated by bad weather from the fleet and arriving long before his regiment, he had plenty of time to explore Barbados, which he describes in detail in Volume 2. He is critical of the treatment of some slaves which he witnesses, but seldom questions slavery itself, and considers that, under a good owner, slaves were better off than they would have been in Africa; however, he found that elderly slaves who could no longer work were badly neglected. As a doctor, he is interested in illnesses suffered on the island, such as elephantiasis and yellow fever, and he also describes an expedition to Dutch Guiana.
Notes on the West Indies
Authors: Pinckard George
Published: October 2011

George Pinckard (1768–1835) was an army surgeon who arrived in the West Indies in 1796. His letters to a friend were published as Notes on the West Indies in 1806; a second edition came out in 1816. In Volume 3 he continues his description of Dutch Guiana, which had been captured by the British. He gives detailed descriptions of illness among the troops, comparing the Dutch and British medical practices. As several of the medical staff had died, Pinckard was kept extremely busy, while continuing to make observations on all he saw. Surviving an attack of yellow fever, he describes his own symptoms at length. In Guiana he witnessed exceptional cruelty towards slaves, concerning which he gives graphic details, and also the unequal treatment of mulattos. He ends the book with the arrival of his long-delayed orders to proceed to St Domingo (Haiti).
The Slave Power: Its Character, Career, and Probable Designs
Authors: Cairnes John Elliott
Published: October 2011

John Elliot Cairnes (1823–1875) was one of the leading economists of his day, holding professorships at Trinity College Dublin, University College, Galway, and University College, London. He gained an international reputation with The Slave Power, first published in 1862, and enlarged and reissued the following year. His analysis of the economic and social system of the Confederate states in America did much to influence British support for the Union in the United States' Civil War. He argued that the course of history was influenced most of all by economic causes. Although he had begun his study of the slave trade on a theoretical basis, the outbreak of civil war had given it a more immediate and practical application. His case is very clearly and impartially argued. While being opposed to slavery on moral grounds, he fairly states the arguments on both sides, and refutes some of the Confederate propaganda.
The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights
Authors: Tan Hsien-Li
Published: October 2011

This assessment of progress in Southeast Asia on human rights begins in the wake of the 'Asian values' debate and culminates in the formal regional institutionalisation of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). Chapters examine the arduous negotiation of AICHR, the evolving relationship between ASEAN states' and the international human rights system, and the historical and experiential reasons for hesitancy. The text concludes with a discussion of how the evolving right to development impacts upon AICHR and international human rights in general, and how their preference for economic, social and development rights could help ASEAN states shape the debate.
The Handy Book of Parish Law
Authors: Holdsworth William Andrews
Published: October 2011

William Andrews Holdsworth was the author of several popular legal handbooks, which ran into many editions. They were aimed at non-specialists, explaining topics such as landlord and tenant rights, will-making and acting as an executor, bankruptcy and married women's property legislation. The Handy Book of Parish Law was first published in 1859, and ran to twelve editions, of which this is the third (1872). The parish is still the lowest level of local government, particularly in the countryside, and parish councils formerly made many of the decisions which affected day-to-day life in their locality. Regular changes in the law required frequent updating, and the significance of certain bodies altered over time. This is a useful source for local and family historians, which helps unravel the complexities of parish law, which applied not only to church management but to poor law unions and aspects of local government.
The Life of William Wilberforce
Authors: Wilberforce William
Published: October 2011

William Wilberforce (1759–1833) was a politician, philanthropist and evangelical Christian, now best known for his work to end the slave trade. Elected to Parliament in 1780, he campaigned unsuccessfully for penal and electoral reform. In 1787, at the encouragement of his friend William Pitt, he took up the cause of abolition at Westminster and lobbied influential people tirelessly, but humanitarian and ethical arguments were slow to overcome the economic interests of those who had made fortunes from the slave trade or the use of slave labour. It was not until 1807 that the Abolition Bill was finally passed. Wilberforce continued his work for emancipation, and also campaigned for religious liberty. This biography, based on his own writings, was published by two of his sons in 1838, but sheds more light on religious than on political aspects of his life. Volume 1 covers the period from his birth until 1792.
The Life of William Wilberforce
Authors: Wilberforce William
Published: October 2011

William Wilberforce (1759–1833) was a politician, philanthropist and evangelical Christian, now best known for his work to end the slave trade. Elected to Parliament in 1780, he campaigned unsuccessfully for penal and electoral reform. In 1787, at the encouragement of his friend William Pitt, he took up the cause of abolition at Westminster and lobbied influential people tirelessly, but humanitarian and ethical arguments were slow to overcome the economic interests of those who had made fortunes from the slave trade or the use of slave labour. It was not until 1807 that the Abolition Bill was finally passed. Wilberforce continued his work for emancipation, and also campaigned for religious liberty. This biography, based on his own writings, was published by two of his sons in 1838, but sheds more light on religious than on political aspects of his life. Volume 2 covers the period from 1792 to 1800.
Home Letters Written from India
Authors: Brown Samuel Sneade
Published: October 2011

Between 1827 and 1841, Samuel Sneade Brown (1809–1875), a colonial administrator, was stationed in India. Published in 1878, this is a selection of the letters he sent home to his family during that period. Brown describes his correspondence as 'a journal of my heart, rather than a diary of my actions', and his letters are both poetic and humorous, telling a personal history of the British Empire. Brown reveals the high cost of colonial living, lamenting to his mother the fact that he could not afford to marry and support a family either in India or England. He communicates his strong bond of affection to his native country and to those he left behind. Making the connection between home and abroad, private and public, the domestic and the Empire, the letters present an insight into the economic changes and political challenges of the nineteenth century.
Memoirs and Recollections of the Late Abraham Raimbach, Esq., Engraver
Authors: Raimbach Abraham
Published: October 2011

Born in London, Abraham Raimbach (1776–1843) was one of the most celebrated engravers of his time. Published in 1843, these memoirs recount his career and give expanded first-hand observations on contemporary artists and public figures. Included is an extensive account of his two months in Paris in 1802, including impressions of its people and food (on frog's legs: 'I did not much like the flavour'), together with details of the numerous works of art he viewed. He muses on the possible reasons for the higher social standing afforded to artists in France than in Britain, and seems concerned, as travellers are today, about how far his money will stretch whilst in France. Also included is a short biography of Raimbach's principal collaborator, the painter Sir David Wilkie, written by Raimbach's son. This memoir will be of interest to social and art historians of the early nineteenth century.