bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The changing geo-cultural space of the CIS countries in the 20-21st centuries (on the material of renaming cities)
Authors: Kalutskov Vladimir
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the main cultural and geographical approaches to the study of renaming — critical-toponymic, palimpsest, geoconceptual. From the position of conceptualization of space, a typology of renaming geographical objects is proposed. Among the main motives for renaming are the following: status, national renaming, de-Sovietization and de-Russification of space, “new Russification” of space.
On the basis of a large amount of factual material, the changes in the geocultural space of the Neighboring countries are investigated. At the same time, there are 3 groups of countries: countries with a transformed geocultural space, where renaming affected more than half of the studied objects, countries with a changed cultural and geographical space, where renaming covers from 25 to 50 % of the cities considered, and countries with a slightly changed geocultural space (renaming covers less than a quarter of the studied objects). A significant group of countries of the Near Abroad (Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, South Ossetia) belongs to the countries with a transformed cultural space. These countries are characterized by the processes of revolutionary attitude to the Soviet heritage (with the exception of Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and active cultural and linguistic innovations.
Two countries of the Near Abroad (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) belong to the countries with a changed cultural space.
A significant group of countries in the Near Abroad belongs to countries with poorly modified cultural space (renaming covers less than a quarter of the studied objects). These are Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Armenia, Georgia and Uzbekistan. Some of these countries are characterized by a low rate of cultural and linguistic innovation. Others — the Baltic states, Armenia, and Georgia-experienced waves of renaming much earlier, in pre-Soviet or Soviet times.
Invasion of Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in water bodies from the East Aegean River Basin in Bulgaria
Authors: Vidinova Yanka , Park Jiyoung , Varadinova Emilia , Tyufekchieva Violeta , Todorov Milcho
Published: November 2021

Two decades after the first record of the invasive mussel Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in Bulgaria in 2001, it has been found in many surface lotic and standing waters in the Bulgarian Danube River Basin.

The aim of the current study is to report the finding of C. fluminea in lotic environment of the East Aegean water basin in Bulgaria. Six new localities of the mussel, all situated in the lower stretches of the Tundzha (two) and Maritsa (four) River were registered. The distributional patterns of the mussel and the abundance of its populations in relation to the environmental conditions were analyzed. The adaptive character of the Corbicula, the possible path for invasion as well as the probability of rapid spread of the mussel in the largest rivers and their tributary systems in south-eastern part of Balkan Peninsula was discussed.
The Slapstick Routine of Parisian Monumentalism: Robert Desnos and Jacques-André Boiffard’s “Pygmalion and the Sphinx” (1930)
Authors: de Leeuw Ursula
Published: November 2021

This essay considers the 1930 essay “Pygmalion and the Sphinx” by Robert Desnos, originally published alongside Jacques André-Boiffard’s photographs of Parisian monuments in the journal Documents. I focus on Desnos and Boiffard’s tragicomic depiction of the municipal council of Paris’ failure to reconcile a fragmented sense of national identity through the erection of public monuments. As implicated by its title, “Pygmalion and the Sphinx” compares the “statuemania” of the Third Republic to the Greek myth. As Desnos and Boiffard reveal, within the monumental form is an antagonism between the civic ideal of ‘Pygmalion’ and the brute substance of the statue’s material, or the Sphinx. This tension inevitably collapses the idealist endeavour of monumentalism; a moment of folly opened by the laughter it evokes. Boiffard focuses the pedestal of the monument, and the rigidity of its material when exposed against the urban landscape. These photographs launch a base materialist perspective repeated by Desnos in his comic imagination. This term is further contextualised by the writings of Georges Bataille in Documents, whereby laughter is integral to the critique of idealism. In this essay, I read Desnos and Boiffard alongside Bataille to illuminate how monumentalism prepares its toppling in the ‘fall’ of the slapstick’s laugh.
Long-term Spectroscopic Survey of the Pleiades Cluster: The Binary Population
Authors: Torres Guillermo , Latham David W. , Quinn Samuel N.
Published: November 2021

We present the results of a spectroscopic monitoring program of the Pleiades region aimed at completing the census of spectroscopic binaries in the cluster, extending it to longer periods than previously reachable. We gathered 6104 spectra of 377 stars between 1981 and 2021, and merged our radial velocities with 1151 measurements from an independent survey by others started three years earlier. With the combined data spanning more than 43 yr, we have determined orbits for some 30 new binary and multiple systems, more than doubling the number previously known in the Pleiades. The longest period is 36.5 yr. A dozen additional objects display long-term trends in their velocities, implying even longer periods. We examine the collection of orbital elements for cluster members, and find that the shape of the incompleteness-corrected distribution of periods (up to 104 days) is similar to that of solar-type binaries in the field, while that of the eccentricities is different. The mass-ratio distribution is consistent with being flat. The binary frequency in the Pleiades for periods up to 104 days is 25% ± 3% after corrections for undetected binaries, which is nearly double that of the field up to the same period. The total binary frequency including known astrometric binaries is at least 57%. We estimate the internal radial velocity dispersion in the cluster to be 0.48 ± 0.04 km s−1. We revisit the determination of the tidal circularization period, and confirm its value to be 7.2 ± 1.0 days, with an improved precision compared to an earlier estimate.
Measurements of Photospheric and Chromospheric Magnetic Field Structures Associated with Chromospheric Heating over a Solar Plage Region
Authors: Anan Tetsu , Schad Thomas A. , Kitai Reizaburo , Dima Gabriel I. , Jaeggli Sarah A. , Tarr Lucas A. , Collados Manuel , Dominguez-Tagle Carlos , Kleint Lucia
Published: November 2021

In order to investigate the relation between magnetic structures and the signatures of heating in plage regions, we observed a plage region with the He i 1083.0 nm and Si i 1082.7 nm lines on 2018 October 3 using the integral field unit mode of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) installed at the GREGOR telescope. During the GRIS observation, the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph obtained spectra of the ultraviolet Mg ii doublet emitted from the same region. In the periphery of the plage region, within the limited field of view seen by GRIS, we find that the Mg ii radiative flux increases with the magnetic field in the chromosphere with a factor of proportionality of 2.38 × 104 erg cm−2 s−1 G−1. The positive correlation implies that magnetic flux tubes can be heated by Alfvén wave turbulence or by collisions between ions and neutral atoms relating to Alfvén waves. Within the plage region itself, the radiative flux was large between patches of strong magnetic field strength in the photosphere or at the edges of magnetic patches. On the other hand, we do not find any significant spatial correlation between the enhanced radiative flux and the chromospheric magnetic field strength or the electric current. In addition to the Alfvén wave turbulence or collisions between ions and neutral atoms relating to Alfvén waves, other heating mechanisms related to magnetic field perturbations produced by interactions of magnetic flux tubes could be at work in the plage chromosphere.
Un marché très exclusif
Authors: Lepont Ulrike
Published: November 2021

Cet article explore la question du pouvoir que peut conférer la maîtrise des modèles budgétaires à des experts qui cherchent à s’impliquer dans le processus d’élaboration de politiques publiques. Il montre que, dans le cas des réformes de la protection maladie menées aux États-Unis entre 1993 et 2010, cette compétence fut une ressource importante du fait de la centralité qu’ont acquise les enjeux budgétaires dans le processus législatif, mais aussi de la rareté des acteurs à qui est confiée la charge de la modélisation. Cette rareté est expliquée par l’hyper technicité de ces outils qui rend les compétences peu répandues, mais aussi par leur opacité qui, conformément à ce que Lucien Karpik décrit comme un marché « des singularités », conduit les commanditaires à s’en remettre à la réputation des prestataires. Les producteurs de modèles peuvent alors se servir de leur autorité pour promouvoir des programmes de réforme qui correspondent à leurs préférences politiques, outrepassant ainsi la mission purement technique à laquelle on associe généralement les modèles. Ces résultats sont tirés d’une enquête principalement qualitative, combinant entretiens et sources écrites (CV des experts, littérature grise, articles de presse).
Le modèle qui cache la forêt
Authors: Dolez Antoine
Published: November 2021

Cet article analyse comment la mise à l’agenda du changement climatique modifie la recherche française sur les forêts. Historiquement structurée autour de deux communautés – sylvicole et écologique –, la recherche forestière s’oriente, sous l’égide du Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat (GIEC), vers le développement de modèles qui anticipent les dynamiques des forêts dans les climats futurs. Cet impératif modélisateur est porté par de nouveaux acteurs – statisticiens et modélisateurs – dont les modèles complexes occupent une place centrale dans l’organisation et le financement de la recherche, et bouleversent les territoires d’expertise des communautés de recherche forestière. Pour préserver leur juridiction, les communautés sylvicole et écologique critiquent la pertinence scientifique de ces modèles pour éclairer l’évolution des forêts à l’horizon 2100. Elles cherchent alors à imposer un autre agenda de recherche : un retour au terrain, à l’expérimentation et aux données anciennes. Cet article montre comment le statut de la modélisation et la nature des pratiques modélisatrices peuvent devenir un enjeu déterminant de démarcation entre des communautés de recherche concurrentes.
Manager des villes vs manager des champs
Authors: Racine Florent
Published: November 2021

Cet article porte sur les managers de rayon des grandes surfaces alimentaires en France dont le poste se transforme au gré des réorganisations successives des magasins. C’est au tournant des années 2010 que leurs missions ont profondément évolué dans des enseignes comme Auchan, Carrefour, Cora et Géant Casino. Contrairement à l’approche habituelle qui utilise la monographie et porte sur les mêmes types de magasins, nous combinons ici les échelles d’analyse (micro-, méso- et macrosociologique) afin de comparer des segments professionnels. Cela nous conduit à associer la sociologie du travail et de l’emploi avec la sociologie des groupes professionnels pour montrer que la localisation des magasins (zones d’emploi urbaines vs zones d’emploi rurales) influence les conditions de travail et d’emploi des managers.
Jensen-Mercer variant of Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities via Atangana-Baleanu fractional operator
Authors: Liu Jia-Bao ,   School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China, Butt Saad Ihsan , Nasir Jamshed , Aslam Adnan , Fahad Asfand , Soontharanon Jarunee ,   COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan,   Virtual University Lahore Campus, Pakistan,   University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (RCET), Pakistan,   COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus Campus, Pakistan,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
Published: November 2021

We present new Mercer variants of Hermite-Hadamard (HH) type inequalities via Atangana-Baleanu (AB) fractional integral operators pertaining non-local and non-singular kernels. We establish trapezoidal type identities for fractional operator involving non-singular kernel and give Jensen-Mercer (JM) variants of Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for differentiable mapping $ \Upsilon $ possessing convex absolute derivatives. We establish connections of our results with several renowned results in the literature and also give applications to special functions.
Mathematical analysis of a fractional-order epidemic model with nonlinear incidence function
Authors: Djillali Salih ,   Faculty of Exact and Computer Sciences, Mathematics Department, Hassiba Benbouali university, Chlef, Algeria, Atangana Abdon , Zeb Anwar , Park Choonkil ,   Laboratoire d'Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria,   Institute for Groundwater Studies, faculty of natural and agricultural science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa,   Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,   Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we are interested in studying the spread of infectious disease using a fractional-order model with Caputo's fractional derivative operator. The considered model includes an infectious disease that includes two types of infected class, the first shows the presence of symptoms (symptomatic infected persons), and the second class does not show any symptoms (asymptomatic infected persons). Further, we considered a nonlinear incidence function, where it is obtained that the investigated fractional system shows some important results. In fact, different types of bifurcation are obtained, as saddle-node bifurcation, transcritical bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, where it is discussed in detail through the research. For the numerical part, a proper numerical scheme is used for the graphical representation of the solutions. The mathematical findings are checked numerically.
On $ {L}(2,1) $-labelings of some products of oriented cycles
Authors: Colucci Lucas , Győri Ervin
Published: November 2021

We refine two results of Jiang, Shao and Vesel on the \begin{document}$ L(2,1) $\end{document}-labeling number \begin{document}$ \lambda $\end{document} of the Cartesian and the strong product of two oriented cycles. For the Cartesian product, we compute the exact value of \begin{document}$ \lambda(\overrightarrow{C_m} \square \overrightarrow{C_n}) $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ m $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ n \geq 40 $\end{document}; in the case of strong product, we either compute the exact value or establish a gap of size one for \begin{document}$ \lambda(\overrightarrow{C_m} \boxtimes \overrightarrow{C_n}) $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ m $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ n \geq 48 $\end{document}.
Are Poor Cities Cheap for Everyone? Non‐Homotheticity and the Cost of Living Across U.S. Cities
Authors: Handbury Jessie
Published: November 2021

This paper shows that the products and prices offered in markets are correlated with local income‐specific tastes. To quantify the welfare impact of this variation, I calculate local price indexes micro‐founded by a model of non‐homothetic demand over thousands of grocery products. These indexes reveal large differences in how wealthy and poor households perceive the choice sets available in wealthy and poor cities. Relative to low‐income households, high‐income households enjoy 40 percent higher utility per dollar expenditure in wealthy cities, relative to poor cities. Similar patterns are observed across stores in different neighborhoods. Most of this variation is explained by differences in the product assortment offered, rather than the relative prices charged, by chains that operate in different markets.
Team Players: How Social Skills Improve Team Performance
Authors: Weidmann Ben , Deming David J.
Published: November 2021

Most jobs require teamwork. Are some people good team players? In this paper, we design and test a new method for identifying individual contributions to team production. We randomly assign people to multiple teams and predict team performance based on previously assessed individual skills. Some people consistently cause their team to exceed its predicted performance. We call these individuals “team players.” Team players score significantly higher on a well‐established measure of social intelligence, but do not differ across a variety of other dimensions, including IQ, personality, education, and gender.
Social skills—defined as a single latent factor that combines social intelligence scores with the team player effect—improve team performance about as much as IQ. We find suggestive evidence that team players increase effort among teammates.
Techniques and Tools for Trainers and Practitioners
Authors: Oldham Melanie , McAlpine Abigail
Published: November 2021

If the material is to be delivered effectively, organizations need to understand the human side of cyber security training. In this chapter, the authors draw upon over a decade of experience in creating and adapting training and resources with the help of industry professionals and feedback from clients, which has led to a successful and highly acclaimed approach to cybersecurity education. The resulting discussion considers how to adopt the right approach to cybersecurity training for organizations, with training modules that cater to end users, and which are designed to ensure maximum retention of information by presenting short, humorous, animated scenarios that are relatable for the target audience.
Blended Learning Space for Primary and Secondary Education
Authors: Shohel M. Mahruf C. , Ashrafuzzaman Md. , Azim Farhan , Naomee Iffat , Rahman Md Shajedur , Siddik Mohammad Abu Bakar
Published: November 2021

Emergency remote education during the COVID-19 pandemic has opened the door for everyone not only to see the prospect of blended teaching and learning but also to understand how critical it is to incorporate technological development to enhance learning and access to education. While face-to-face in-classroom teaching and learning methods help children and young people in developing vital social, communicative, developmental, and digital competencies, it is also critical to embrace the digital transformation that is happening around everyday life and throughout society. Based on secondary data, this chapter explores the key challenges and opportunities for policy and practice in resource-constrained contexts. This chapter utilizes Bangladesh as a case study to elicit the transition and transformation process of teaching and learning at the primary and secondary education levels in the global south during the emergency.
Designing Effective E-Learning Environments in Gweru, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe
Authors: Farikayi Beatitude , Goosen Leila
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the qualitative case study reported on in this chapter was to assess the extent to which a high school located in the Midlands province of Zimbabwe could be classified as an e-school by exploring which and how information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been integrated by educators and administrators. The main focus of the research study also included understanding the various community engagement activities that the school in Gweru was running, which supported them in designing effective e-learning environments using the school ICT infrastructure. However, educators were not adequately skilled to apply ICTs as work tools, and as a result, the school was still to implement a number of solutions and recommendations in order to attain the status of an e-school that had integrated ICTs in its teaching and were designing effective e-learning environments.
Aligning the Design of Educational Robotics Tools With Classroom Activities
Authors: Giang Christian , Piatti Alberto , Mondada Francesco
Published: November 2021

This chapter addresses the alignment of educational robotics (ER) tools with classroom activities. To this end, it first introduces a conceptualization of ER activities describing the relevant cognitive artifacts and the learning theories underlying such activities. Based on this conceptual framework, a set of design and evaluation heuristics are presented, aimed at supporting developers and educators in aligning ER tools with classroom activities and vice versa. The heuristics were elaborated in several focus groups with 35 developers and educators experienced in the domain. To evaluate the methodology in authentic contexts, two case studies with groups of developers will be presented. Moreover, to illustrate the usefulness from an educator's point of view, another example will be presented in which the devised methodology was used to guide the design of an ER classroom activity.
Scalable Rekeying Using Linked LKH Algorithm for Secure Multicast Communication
Authors: Ahlawat Priyanka , Tyagi Kanishka
Published: November 2021

In the real scenario, there is a large multicast group where nodes leave and join frequently, and also the number of nodes leaving and joining is also not proportionate. Hence, scalable rekeying process is an important issue that needs to be concerned for the secured group communication for dynamic groups. In basic rekeying scheme, which is based on the logical key hierarchy, the rekeying cost depends on the logarithm of the size of group for a join or depart request by the user. However, the memory efficiency of this group rekeying protocol (GREP) is a huge storage overhead over the system. The authors aim to provide a survey of various group key management schemes and then propose an efficient scalable solution based on linked LKH and the linked list data structure. Results have shown that the Linked LKH algorithm has a very low effective cost for rekeying the LKH as compared to the basic LKH algorithm (i.e., based on the number of new joined and departure requests).
A Study on Data Sharing Using Blockchain System and Its Challenges and Applications
Authors: Smmarwar Santosh Kumar , Gupta Govind P. , Kumar Sanjay
Published: November 2021

Blockchain since 2009 has been gaining more popularity in various fields to use in numerous applications to overcome the security issues such as privacy, transparency, and mutability of data in the process of data sharing. Process of data sharing has many addressed and unaddressed challenges such as information encryption and decryption, data authentication, storage security, latency time, transfer speed of data, detecting malicious nodes, prevent the computer system from attacks, trust in the sharing process. In this chapter, the authors have reviewed the data sharing paper based on blockchain technology and presented the analysis of various techniques used in the information sharing process. The comprehensive analysis is categorizing in the following areas like incentive mechanism-based work, IoT-based data sharing, healthcare data sharing, and internet of vehicle data sharing using blockchain.
Entrepreneurship Innovation
Authors: Ayandibu Ayansola Olatunji , Vezi-Magigaba Makhosazana Faith
Published: November 2021

The global COVID-19 pandemic has created opportunities for the emergence of new entrepreneurial innovations. This has resulted in many individuals being left with no choice but to pursue entrepreneurial ventures because they have either lost their jobs, or breadwinners have succumbed to the virus. The objective of this chapter is to outline the entrepreneurial mindset in detail and how shifts are required to cope with today's uncertain times. An analysis of current extant literature was explored, and cogent findings were used to develop a theoretical framework for entrepreneurial innovation in a post-pandemic society. The literature in this chapter indicated the need for understanding the impact of the current global pandemic on entrepreneurial innovation in order to provide recommendations for policymakers that can stimulate creativity, innovation, and better education in the post-pandemic era.
Does Lower Income Affect the Development of One's Innovative Ability in the Education Niche
Authors: Chummun Bibi Zaheenah
Published: November 2021

The need of using creative and innovative education strategies in the low-income consumer setting has never been felt until this wake of the pandemic to assist for sustainable well-being. In this chapter, the role of improved education as a collective innovation measure in promoting awareness of the inclusive cover to the low-income consumers in the emerging countries will be perused in the wake of the 2019-nCoV virus in their struggle to cope with the unexpected management of risks in a more calculated way. The study provides the education challenges in the low-income insurance area posed to both consumers and providers and explains how their involvement is important through innovative programmes in the low-income cover niche such as digitalization amongst others. Since education indeed plays a huge role in enhancing participation in this field of low-income cover to entail sustainability, it will be wise that the policymakers, government officials, and others work closely with their consumers so that this problem can assist for sustainable livelihoods.
Professional Styles and Some Psychophysiological Risk Factors of Work Engagement of Programmers
Authors: Milenović Miodrag , Veljković Milan , Pešić Nataša
Published: November 2021

Modern life is almost unthinkable outside of information systems. New information technologies enable the simultaneous use of multiple media, which leads to a revolution in the common way of working with people in order to create a successful organization. Today, information technologies are becoming a strategic element in the development of the organization and society as a whole, and are becoming a basic management resource. The aim of this chapter is to present the possibilities of predicting burnout and chronic fatigue based on the professional style of the employee, as well as examining the differences in the severity of burnout, chronic fatigue and circadian rhythmics, programmers working at home, so-called freelancers, and those working in companies. The results show that there are differences between employees who work from home and freelancers in terms of problems in everyday functioning, and differences between employees working in different working conditions at different levels of the variable application of preventive measures to prevent fatigue.
Information, Misinformation, and Disinformation
Authors: Ebrahimi Mahshid
Published: November 2021

Information has various definitions and combinations, which have to be regarded for proper information management. The purpose of this study is to clarify the concepts of information, misinformation, and disinformation for having a better understanding of their dimensions as well as to explain the patterns and motives of diffusion of misinformation and disinformation. The present study examines studies of a social diffusion model of information, misinformation, and disinformation as well as a prevention framework of misinformation. Knowing these concepts and their dimensions provides the basis for more accurate and comprehensive analysis in this area. Skills of critical thinking and information evaluation in the forms of information literacy and web literacy can prevent users from publishing, retrieving, and using misinformation and disinformation.
Changes in Grocery Shopping Patterns Due to COVID-19
Authors: Semerádová Tereza , Weinlich Petr
Published: November 2021

Today's global world is constantly changing and evolving. In light of the current events, and in particular the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, this trend is intensifying and accelerating. Recent events have brought a huge turnaround in many aspects of our lives, and shopping behavior has undoubtedly been one of them. Parts of our lives have had to be transferred to the online environment, and this may have affected how we shop. This chapter therefore aims to identify the main factors influencing the purchasing behavior of consumers when buying online in the category of groceries on the Czech market to determine the profile of typical consumers who tend to use online shopping platforms and to find out what effect the COVID-19 pandemic had on general shopping patterns of Czech consumers.
Online Learning Design
Authors: Ross Katie Michelle
Published: November 2021

This chapter will review prominent online learning theories to showcase how to design a virtual reality learning environment that enhances student community, cognitive learning, and student autonomy. Twenty-first-century student learning behaviors will be intertwined with the topics of discussion to support practical steps that professionals, researchers, and educators can use to design a learning environment that speaks to the needs of online learners. Finally, virtual reality will be highlighted in relation to learning and design principles to bridge synchronous and asynchronous learning and create an environment conducive to deeper learning.
Asynchronous Environments in Online Courses
Authors: Mercimek Bariş , Çaka Cansu
Published: November 2021

Asynchronous e-learning environments can be used effectively to minimize the effects of access problems and technical disruptions that may arise due to the fact that synchronous e-learning environments require simultaneous participation. Asynchronous e-learning provides learners with the opportunity to think more in the process of constructing knowledge and critical thinking in online discussion activities. Having more time for learners can provide an advantage in understanding others' comments and writing their own. The course contents can be updated at any time and delivered to the learners quickly without wasting time. However, there is limited communication and interaction. It is important that the interaction is at a good degree, with the right methods and tools in a quality that will ensure and increase learning, and that the interaction tools are prepared and presented in a way that will increase the participation of the learners, taking into account the preferences and individual differences of the learners.
Online Course Design Tips for Boosting Learner Autonomy With Synchronous and Asynchronous Tools
Authors: Ateş-Çobanoğlu Alev , Yücel Zehra Esin , Kılıç Murat
Published: November 2021

Online learning can be useful for designing instruction with its asynchronous or synchronous forms. The teachers can reduce time and space limitations and support learners with additional materials in a cost-effective way. However, online learning heavily depends on learner characteristics/profile and course design. Even though it provides the flexibility of designing courses for different learner needs, motivation and learner responsibility remain unsolved problems. On the other hand, we can boost learner's autonomy with our course design. Autonomous learner profile is a perfect fit for online learning because of the flexibility for the learners. In this chapter, the authors define learner autonomy, describe its role in online course design, go over key elements in online course design and management, and give design tips for boosting learner autonomy in both synchronous and asynchronous online courses.
Blended Learning
Authors: Öncü Semiral
Published: November 2021

This chapter describes blended learning in all its facets to provide a perspective on its potential uses as a solution to limitations in traditional and online educational endeavors, as well as the conceivable drawbacks of utilizing blended learning. The term refers to a wide range of activities including everything from entirely face-to-face learning to entirely online learning, but not both. Moving to entirely online education is costly and argued to lack some of the key presence-related social attributes; this is why blended learning is praised by many for its ability to incorporate the features of online learning with the “interactivity” of traditional settings, while also being considered as a challenge in terms of finding the ideal proportions of the mix. This chapter compares and summarizes some of the common blended learning models found in the literature and continues with drawing a conceptual framework, then briefly introduces the advantages and disadvantages. The remainder of the chapter concludes with a concise presentation of current research trends on blended learning.
Interaction in Online Learning Environments
Authors: Akçay Arif , Çoklar Ahmet Naci
Published: November 2021

Interaction is simply defined as the interacting components communicating with each other. It is a necessary activity to ensure learning in learning environments. Unlike other learning environments, online learning environments have many requirements. Being in an environment where the learning process is not controlled causes the student to impose learning responsibilities on himself. On the other hand, in online learning environments, it is expected that the student increase academic success, ensure satisfaction, create motivation, meet social needs, acquire different perspectives, and cooperate. When the assumptions of the theories put forward to provide these positive gains in the literature are examined, it is seen that interaction has an important place. In this study, online learning environments that can provide different types of interaction are discussed. The benefits and limitations of these environments are indicated. Furthermore, suggestions have been made to support interaction in learning.
Promises and Pitfalls of Open and Distance Learning
Authors: Goksel Nil , Karadeniz Abdulkadir
Published: November 2021

Amid the vast spread of the coronavirus pandemic, educational institutions have shifted to online learning across the world. In this connection, people of different cultures are experiencing a rigid period in which mainly school administrators, instructors, and students have to teach and learn at a distance due to corona restrictions. In this context, institutions that have already adopted the principles of ODL and have integrated these principles into their online courses utilized the promises that extend further educational opportunities and potentials from the beginning of the corona process. Therefore, the primary aim of this chapter is to shed light to the promises and pitfalls of ODL in terms of the steps to be taken and the necessary features of an appropriate course design. In addition, this chapter is intended to contribute to the related literature with the updated sources of recent developments during corona lockdown and guide professionals, researchers, and instructors who would benefit from theoretical and practical knowledge for effective distance course design.
Purposefully-Designed and Mindfully-Facilitated Online Courses
Authors: Starr-Glass David
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic seriously impacted the ability of educational institutions to deliver in-person instruction. A pragmatic solution was remote teaching, which in most cases was essentially in-person courses delivered synchronously via computer-mediated technology and videoconferencing. Student reaction to, and faculty experience of, remote teaching and learning was varied but generally less than enthusiastic. There was a growing realization that, pedagogically, emergency remote teaching could not satisfactorily replicate either well-delivered in-person instruction or well-designed distance online courses. With the anticipation that higher education will increasingly focus on online delivery, there has been renewed interest, at both the institutional and faculty level, in how effective distance learning online courses are conceptualized, designed, and facilitated. This chapter attempts, briefly but comprehensively, to explore the theoretical and practical issues involved in purposefully designing and mindfully facilitating online distance learning courses.
Use of Humor in Instructional Multimedia for Asynchronous Online Learning
Authors: Erdoğdu Fatih , Çakıroğlu Ünal
Published: November 2021

Since the students themselves are responsible for their learning in the asynchronous online learning process, there needs to be a power attracting them to the online learning environment. Humor, which has an educational power, can be evaluated in this perspective. Instructional multimedia is one of the most essential components in the asynchronous online learning process because it enables students to continue their studies individually. The chapter aims at suggesting a way for designing instructional multimedia using humorous elements for asynchronous online learning. Attention, recall, feedback, and humor breaks can be listed as advantages of integrating humorous elements in instructional multimedia. For this purpose, humorous elements can be easily added to instructional multimedia for asynchronous online learning. This chapter also focuses on the question of how to integrate humorous elements into instructional multimedia and offers various recommendations for future studies within this context.
Motivation of Management Information Systems Students Towards Online Learning in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fındık-Coşkunçay Duygu
Published: November 2021

The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic made it necessary to take serious precautions in the field of education, so schools were closed in many countries and switched to online education. The pandemic has caused similar changes in higher education institutions in Turkey. The motivation of the students is an important component in achieving the targeted success of the rapidly adapted online education. This study aims to investigate the factors that affect the motivation of management information systems students towards online education conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal that the role of instructor, system support, and time management come to the fore in students' positive motivation. On the other hand, ineffective group work, failure to achieve career goals, prolonged pandemic period, and breakdown in social relationships have influence on students' negative motivation. It is expected that this study will guide policy developers for distance education and instructional strategies to be developed in the field of management information systems.
Framework for the Structuring of Distance Education in Higher Education Institutions in the COVID-19 Pandemic Process
Authors: Erümit Ali Kürşat , Çetin İsmail
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the structure, tasks, and resources of distance education centers of Turkey universities to determine the changes occurring in the centers during the pandemic process by interviews with center employees and to create the framework for the tasks and responsibilities of centers. For this purpose, the organizational structure, tasks, and resources of distance education centers were examined by websites and a variety of documents by content analysis. Then, new tasks, problems, and solutions in the COVID-19 pandemic process were examined with semi-structured interviews with center employees, and changes in the structuring of center were determined. According to results, it is seen that there are more support requests coming to the assessment and evaluation unit than the normal process, communication problems with instructors, slowing and delayed question checks, and technical problems.
A Cognitive Load Perspective to Instructional Design for Online Learning
Authors: Dönmez Onur
Published: November 2021

Learners struggle to keep up with the cognitive demands of online learning. Terms referring to the drain of learners' cognitive resources such as “Zoom fatigue” have been around for a while. The instructional design of online courses must consider cognitive factors more than ever. The cognitive load theory (CLT) has major underpinnings for designing online courses. The CLT seeks to optimize the learning process by considering the demands of the learning tasks (intrinsic cognitive load), design of the learning material (extrinsic cognitive load), and activation of learners' cognitive resources (germane cognitive load). Several principles have been proposed to manage each cognitive load type. This chapter will begin by outlining the CLT. Then, well-defined cognitive load effects will be introduced, along with evidence from the field. Next, new frontiers of the theory will be presented. Finally, implications of the cognitive load effects for online learning practices will be discussed.
Digital Assessment Literacy in Online Courses (Formative/Summative)
Authors: Mphahlele Ramashego Shila
Published: November 2021

Assessment is a valuable process that assists teachers to identify teaching practices that are effective for all students since not every student learns or retains information in the same way. In the open, distance, and e-learning (ODeL) environment, specific assessment strategies can be employed to make a judgment and make the best decisions about the student's achievement. Due to the nature of the ODeL learning environment, assessments should be digital for powerful insights without the paperwork. This chapter employed digital assessment literacy to provide a particular perspective of assessment strategies in the ODeL.
Experiences From an Introductory Statistics Course Based on an Applet-Based Technology
Authors: Samioğlu Merve
Published: November 2021

After the unexpected spread of the global pandemic, all the universities around the world have implemented online learning procedures. This necessity forced the mathematics and statistics instructors to use more technological means than ever. The method used in this chapter involves an intense use of applet-based education tools for a two-course sequence of introductory statistics. Forty-five applets were used during the courses. At the end of the semester for each course, a short questionnaire was given to the students to evaluate the method applied. The feedback from the students about the applet-based instruction was largely positive. Possible future works are suggested in the conclusion.
Profiling Student Readiness for Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karakoyun Ferit , Basaran Bülent
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the online learning readiness profiles of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explain their profile membership through their background characteristics. For this purpose, data were collected from a total of 330 university students studying at a state university, and latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on these data. As a result of the analyses, two student profiles were identified as “high e-learning readiness” and “low e-learning readiness.” Other findings obtained in the study revealed that student family income level, mother's education level, time and purpose of the internet use, having a computer or not, and their views on whether e-learning compensated for face-to-face education during the COVID-19 pandemic process explained the differences in the probabilities profile membership. On the other hand, gender and father's education level were found to have no relationship with profile membership. The findings were discussed in line with the related literature.
Strategies to Maximize Asynchronous Learning
Authors: Jimenez Remberto , O'Neill Veronica E.
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides suggestions on how educators and learners can thrive in asynchronous learning environments. A review of what constitutes an asynchronous environment and how it contrasts to synchronous learning environments is discussed. Constructivist, social constructivist, constructivist learning environments, and active learning strategies are reviewed in the context of asynchronous learning. In addition, key tools, applications, and strategies that can be used to support successful asynchronous learning environments are reviewed. This includes the inherent tools within a learning management system, video, and collaboration tools. Finally, educator best practices and recommended areas of future research are discussed. Within the best practices section, strategies to create a more effective and empathic learning environment are discussed.
A Conceptual Study on Self-Regulation Skills in the Context of Virtual Identity Use in Distance Education
Authors: Barut Tuğtekin Esra
Published: November 2021

In distance education, instructor control over learners is limited compared to traditional settings. Learning in distance education includes the process of developing the virtual identity of the individual. Learners and instructors use their virtual identities to share ideas and promote themselves by participating in social. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate self-regulation skills in the context of virtual identity use strategies in distance education and to evaluate them in a conceptual framework. Considering the literature, self-regulation skills need to be rearranged according to virtual learning to achieve academic success in distance education environments. It should be accepted that virtual identities are crucial to create participation in the classroom and support knowledge construction, and instructors should guide this. It is recommended to provide training to instructors and learners on the effective use of virtual identity and to carry out incentive activities to reflect self-regulation skills in the use of virtual identity and lessons.
RFID Applications for Patient Safety in the Healthcare Sector
Authors: Haddara Moutaz , Staaby Anne
Published: November 2021

Internet of things (IoT) is revolutionizing industries through enabling object identification, traceability, real-time communication, and monitoring. In healthcare (HC), IoT can reduce the unneeded physical contact through the possibilities of remote monitoring and tracking of patients, which can be used in pandemic control scenarios. One area of paramount importance in HC is patient safety. Published statistics suggest a mounting number of patient mistreatments due to the erroneous identification of the patient or the drug administered. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is envisioned as a disruptive innovation in HC and represents several opportunities for increased safety. The authors explore the potentials and challenges of RFID adoption in HC with a focus on patient safety. The findings suggest that there has been a surge in IoT applications in HC research in the last two years concerning pandemic control. However, the high costs of adoption and implementation, security and privacy concerns, and human safety risks are among the main barriers to adopting IoT in HC.
A New Cooperation Model for Dynamic Networks
Authors: Riahla Mohamed Amine , Goumiri Sihem , Tamine Karim , Hamadouche M'hamed
Published: November 2021

Technological evolution has revealed new types of dynamic networks with decentralized architectures and autonomous services. Research on this impressive area has provided great objectives and benefits. However, providing some services related to security and routing protocols are major problems in this domain. All nodes in the networks need to cooperate and relay packets for other nodes, but some misbehaving nodes due to selfish reasons may significantly reduce the network performances. In this paper, a novel technique of enforcement cooperation is proposed. It aims to control the role of each node in the network and evaluate their participation during the routing function. The model includes important features that force node cooperation and discard the selfish ones. Simulation results showed that the proposed model is efficient in detecting and removing misbehaving nodes and enhancing cooperation between nodes while routing data.