bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Inherent Adaptivity Perspective and Functionalist Perspective on Guilt and Shame
Authors: Dempsey Heidi
Published: July 2017

Within the field of guilt and shame, two competing perspectives have been advanced. The first, the inherent adaptivity perspective, has been primarily advanced by Tangney and colleagues. This position advocates that guilt is an inherently adaptive emotion and shame is an inherently maladaptive emotion; thus, those interested in moral character development and psychopathology should work to increase an individual’s guilt-proneness and decrease an individual’s shame-proneness. The functionalist perspective, in contrast, has advocated that both guilt and shame can serve a person adaptively and maladaptively—depending on the situational appropriateness, duration, intensity, and so forth. This paper reviews the research conducted supporting both positions, critiques some issues with the most widely used guilt- and shame-proneness measure in the inherent adaptivity research (the TOSCA), and concludes that the functionalist perspective is more broad in scope and fits the existing research better.
Re:
Authors: Serra-Majem Lluis , Aranceta Bartrina Javier
Published: July 2017

Carta
MEJORA DE HÁBITOS DE VIDA SALUDABLES EN ALUMNOS UNIVERSITARIOS MEDIANTE UNA PROPUESTA DE GAMIFICACIÓN
Authors: Pérez López Isaac José
Published: July 2017

Introducción: La Educación para la salud es una de las herramientas fundamentales para la promoción de salud, especialmente, para aquellos que en el futuro serán responsables de formar en hábitos saludables.Objetivo: Mejorar los hábitos de vida saludables en estudiantes universitarios a través de una intervención educativa de gamificación.Método: Se empleó un diseño cuasiexperimental de dos grupos (grupo experimental y grupo control) con medidas pretest y postest. La intervención duró cuatro meses con 148 alumnos del grado en ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte. Se evaluaron fundamentalmente los hábitos relacionados con la alimentación y la práctica de actividad física a través de un cuestionario (escala de -40 a +50) y el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje mediante análisis cualitativo.Resultados: Al término de la intervención se produjo una mejora muy significativa del valor global de los hábitos de vida saludables en el grupo experimental (+13,5), destacando la mejora obtenida en su mayor nivel de cumplimiento en el desayuno (53,4%), número de comidas diarias (31,5%), reducción del consumo de refrescos (19,2) y aumento del nivel de actividad física, donde el 12,3% mejoró sus niveles iniciales. En el grupo control no se produjo mejora significativa.Conclusiones: Una intervención educativa de gamificación mejora los hábitos de vida saludables del alumnado universitario.
Datos psicométricos de la versión abreviada del cuestionario IMAGEN; evaluación de la insatisfacción corporal.
Authors: Solano Pinto Natalia , Cano Vindel Antonio , Blanco Vega Humberto , Fernández Cezar Raquel
Published: July 2017

Introducción y objetivos: La insatisfacción corporal parece estar asociada con los trastornos alimentarios, obesidad, disminución de actividad física y consumo de frutas y verduras. En este estudio se han obtenido los datos psicométricos de un cuestionario para medir la insatisfacción corporal: el cuestionario IMAGEN.Método: Las muestras estuvieron compuestas por 538 mujeresde edades entre 11 y 22 años, 494 provenientes de centros educativos y 44 con diagnóstico de trastorno alimentario procedentes de hospitales.Resultados: Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio reducen los ítems desde 38 de la versión original a 25. El modelo muestra una estructura pentafactorial de primer orden: (a) emocional, con 5 ítems; (b) miedo a engordar, con 4 ítems; (c) planteamiento de cambio, con 3 ítems; (d) perceptivo, con 6 ítems; (e) comportamental, con 4 ítems y un factor de segundo orden (cognitivo-emocional) que incluye a los factores: emocional; miedo a engordar; y planteamiento de cambio. Se analizaron los datos psicométricos siguientes: consistencia interna (alpha entre .84-.92); validez discriminante (diferencias significativas entre grupo clínico y control); y validez convergente (correlaciones significativas con el EDI-2), considerándose adecuados. Además se establecieron puntos de corte para las subescalas, interpretando que puntuaciones altas en insatisfacción están asociadas con tener trastorno alimentario. Las estimaciones más precisas se obtienen para el factor comportamental (odds ratio 33.2; IC 95%= 15.1-68.3). Conclusión: A partir de los resultados se estima que el cuestionario IMAGEN reducido presenta buenos indicadores psicométricos para evaluar la insatisfacción corporal, aunque se necesitan más investigaciones con diferentes muestras antes de generalizar su uso.
SELECCIÓN DE EMULSIONES LIPÍDICAS EN NUTRICIÓN PARENTERAL: PARAMETROS BIOQUIMICOS Y HEMATOLÓGICOS.
Authors: Llop Talaveron Josep , Leiva Badosa Elisabet , Novak Ana , Sanmarti Martinez Núria , Jódar Masanes Ramon , Suñé Negre Josep Maria , Ticó Grau Josep Ramon , Badia Tahull Maria
Published: July 2017

Introducción: El patrón de ácidos grasos (AG) de las emulsiones lipídicas (EL) utilizadas en Nutrición Parenteral (NP) condiciona diferentes respuestas fisiológicas.Objetivos: Valorar la adecuación de un protocolo clínico no restringido en la elección de EL mediante el estudio de parámetros bioquímicos y hematológicos específicos (PBHE) al inicio de la NP.Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 4 años. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas, nutricionales y analíticas al inicio de la NP. En pacientes con valores  iniciales de los PBHE, se hizo un análisis univariante y multivariante para estudiar la asociación entre sus valores iniciales y el patrón lipídico utilizado.Resultados: De los 1558 pacientes, 460 pacientes (29,5%) tenían PBHE al inicio de la NP y utilizaron mayoritariamente las combinaciones soja (AS)+triglicéridos de cadena media (MCT)+oliva (AO)+pescado (AP) (37,4%) y AS+MCT+AO (35,6%). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el patrón EL utilizado entre los pacientes con y sin PBHE: patrón de AG  con AP 44,8% vs 39,5%, respectivamente.Las situaciones clínicas con proteína C-reactiva (PCR) elevada se asociaron con mayor uso de EL con AP: AS+AO+AP (OR:4,52 [IC 95%: 1,43-13,91] y AS+MCT+AO+AP (OR:3,34 [IC 95%: 2,10-5,33]). En situaciones clínicas complejas asociadas con paciente crítico se utilizaron EL con MCT: fracaso hepático (AS+MCT OR:2,42 [IC95%: 1,03-5,68]) y fracaso renal (AS+MCT+AP OR:3.34 [IC95%: 1,12-9.99]).Conclusiones: La inclusión protocolizada de PBHE al inicio de la NP permite complementar criterios clínicos y metabólicos en la elección de la EL.
Yodoprofilaxis, 65 años después suenan las voces del pasado
Authors: Santiago fernandez Piedad
Published: July 2017

En el año 1953 el Dr. Felipe Rodriguez Moreno se incorpora a continuar el trabajo sobre endemia bociosa de la escuela de Granada liderada por el Dr. Ortiz de Landázuri. en ese paisaje descubre una alta prevalencia de bocio (62% en mujeres) y esta alta prevalencia se relacionaba según el tipo de dieta consumida, de tal forma que los más desfvorecidos tenían una prevalencia de bocio aún mayor. Así mismo se encuentra una relación familiar en cuanto al bocio de tal forma que los sujetos con bocio normalmente tienen un familar en primer grado también afectado. El agua de bebida es pobre en yodo de forma generalizada por lo que no hay diferencia significativas en la prevalencia de bocio según la fuente de la que se surtan los piasanos. Solo se encontraron dos mujeres con cretinismo y dos varones afectados de "idiocia" por lo que cabe pensar que se trata de bocios normofuncionantes. Tras iniciar yodoprofilaxis con sal yodada en Güejar sierra se produce un descenso de la prevalencia de bocio de un 53% a un 13% entre los años 1953-1958.
Prevalencia de riesgo de desnutrición y desnutrición establecida en población ambulatoria, institucionalizada y hospitalizada en un departamento de salud
Authors: Hernández Mijares Antonio
Published: July 2017

IntroducciónLa prevalencia de desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) varía según la población estudiada y los métodos empleados para el cribado, para la valoración nutricional y los criterios diagnósticos. ObjetivosDeterminar la prevalencia de riesgo nutricional y de desnutrición establecida, tipo y grado de la misma en población ambulatoria, hospitalizada e institucionalizada, en un departamento de salud. Material y métodosEstudio transversal y descriptivo con selección aleatoria de la muestra. A la población reclutada se le realizó el MUST como test de cribado para evaluar el riesgo nutricional y una valoración nutricional completa según los criterios dela ASPEN. Eltipo y grado de desnutrición se estableció interpretando los criterios del consenso SENPE-SEDOM. ResultadosLa prevalencia de riesgo nutricional encontrada con el MUST es del 28%. La prevalencia global de DRE encontrada es del 26,4% (ambulatorios: 2,8%, institucionalizados: 30,13%, hospitalizados: 30,2%). La mayor prevalencia de DRE se da en pacientes mayores de 75 años (74,3%). La desnutrición de tipo calórico y grado leve es la más frecuente en nuestra muestra (18% y 12,9% respectivamente). ConclusionesUno de cada cuatro pacientes de la muestra estudiada está desnutrido. La DRE es especialmente prevalente en el medio hospitalario y en los ancianos, afecta a uno de cada tres pacientes. Dada la prevalencia de desnutrición encontrada, es imprescindible la implementación sistemática de cribados nutricionales asociados a planes de acción terapéuticos.
PEMANFAATAN SOCIAL LEARNING NETWORK ”EDMODO” DALAM MEMBANTU PERKULIAHAN TEORI BODI OTOMOTIF DI PRODI PTM JPTK FKIP UNS
Authors: Basori Basori
Published: July 2017

This research aims to implement social learning network "Edmodo" in the lecture . Specifically, It aims to kmow the contribution of Edmodo in learning activity , to know student perceptions of the completeness of the features and theme of Edmodo , and to know the level of satisfaction with the Edmodo service.
This research used descriptive methods . The data were taken using the questionnaire and interview . Data obtained from PTM students who take courses in automotive body with the number of 34person. This research used s a descriptive data analysis .
The results shows that : 1 ) There are a significant increase in the contribution of Edmodo in lecture. From the data it can be seen 52.94 % are high , and 38.24 % in the very high category . 2 ) Edmodo feature strongly supports the management of teaching and learning . It appears there are 44.12 % of respondents expressed a very high category , and 35.29 % in the very high category , 3 ) Edmodo theme is very userfriendly , so easy in use . There are 67.65 % of the data is known to the high category , and 14.71 % in the very high category . 4 ) Students feel a high level of satisfaction with the Edmodo service. . From the data it can be seen very high category 61.76 % , and 35.29 % are high.
Policy Support for Climate Risk Adaptation the Role of Microfinance
Authors: Pasaribu Sahat M. , Syukur Mat
Published: July 2017

Agricultural development in Indonesia is being faced by the unpredictable climate situation. With such a high risk, however, Indonesia should be able to provide sufficient food for all of the people and access to food at affordable prices. In this regard, the climate field school is important to improve farmer’s konowledge to anticipate such climate change. While adapting to the climate change, agricultural activities should be protected and reduced the risk to the lowest possible level. Agricultural insurance is introduced to protect the farms, share the risk, and favor the farmers. Rice farm insurance, in particular, is applicable to share the risk of harvest failure caused by flood, drought and pest and disease infestations. Government support to provide subsidy for premium payment is encouraged. Such subsidy would be reduced gradually and integrated in the farm cost of production. In the absence of agricultural bank in Indonesia, microfinance institution is required to provide sufficient fund to cover cost of production. For a short-term follow up action, the current Rural Agribusiness Development Program (PUAP) is expected to help farmers through its microfinance institution in funding the farm activities. The role of microfinance is part of the climate change anticipation strategy and is very significant to help farmers to envisage the effect of harvest failure risk.
Krisis Global Pangan-Energi-Finansial: Dampak dan Respon Kebijakan Ketahanan Pangan dan Pengentasan Kemiskinan
Authors: Rusastra I Wayan , Saliem Handewi P. , Ashari Ashari
Published: July 2017

Efektivitas kebijakan pemantapan ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan ditentukan oleh pemahaman dan adaptasi dampak dan kebijakan global krisis pangan-energi-finansial (PEF). Analisis didasarkan atas dampak global krisis PEF dan respons kebijakan regional, khususnya di negara berkembang dengan sasaran pemantapan perumusan kebijakan ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan. Temuan pokok kajian adalah (a) Krisis PEF berdampak terhadap ketersediaan investasi pertanian global, penurunan produksi, dan peningkatan volatilitas harga pangan; (b) Pada tataran makro di tingkat nasional. krisis tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi, ketersediaan dan konsumsi pangan utama; (c) Mengacu pada penurunan tingkat kemiskinan sebesar 2,2 persen (2000-2009), tingkat kemiskinan relatif 2015 mencapai 12,3 persen, jauh di atas target MDG tahun 2015 sebesar 7,2 persen, (d) Secara implisit, krisis PEF berpengaruh terhadap ketersediaan dan akses pangan ditingkat rumah tangga, yang di indikasikan oleh perlambatan laju dan pencapaian target pengentasan kemiskinan 2015. Antisipasi kebijakan ke depan, pembangunan pertanian nasional perlu diarahkan pada pengembangan pertanian skala kecil dalam perspektif pertumbuhan dan pemerataan dengan mempertimbangkan tiga opsi kebijakan berikut: (a) Pemantapan stabilitas makro ekonomi dan peningkatan anggaran pembangunan pertanian dan pengembangan infrastruktur perdesaan, (b) Pengembangan produksi berbasis potensi pasar yang dikomplemen dengan perbaikan sistem dan efisiensi pemasaran produk pertanian, dan (c) Pengembangan inovasi kelembagaan dan sistem insentif dalam mendukung ketersediaan dan akses sarana produksi dan jasa pelayanan usahatani skala kecil.
Respon terhadap Kebijakan IP Padi 400: Pola Penelitian vs Pola Tanam Petani
Authors: Sudana Wayan
Published: July 2017

Peningkatan produksi beras dalam rangka ketahanan pangan nasional, mengharuskan pemerintah untuk menempuh berbagai kebijakan. Salah satu kebijakan tersebut adalah melalui peningkatan Indek Pertanaman dengan jalan penanaman 4 kali padi dalam setahun (IP Padi 400). Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mengantisipasi atau merespon syarat keharusan dan kecukupan yang harus dipenuhi agar pelaksanaan program IP Padi 400 dapat berjalan sesuai harapan. Berdasarkan evaluasi pola petani, agar program ini dapat berjalan sesuai rencana, dibutuhkan beberapa kondisi yang harus dipenuhi. Diantaranya, air irigasi tersedia sepanjang tahun, tersedianya varietas umur sangat genjah dibawah 80 HST, periode waktu pengolahan tanah, tanam dan panen dalam satu hamparan lahan tidak melebihi dari satu minggu. Hal ini membutuhkan kecukupan tersedianya tenaga kerja orang maupun traktor. Selain itu, juga perlu mengubah kebiasaan petani dengan mempercepat jadwal pengolahan tanah, pesemaian dan tanam padi serta memperpendek waktu antara kegiatan panen padi dengan waktu tanam padi berikutnya (turn around time), yaitu maksimum satu minggu.
Pendekatan Desa Membangun di Jawa Barat: Strategi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan Perdesaan
Authors: Bachrein Saeful
Published: July 2017

Dalam upaya mempercepat pembangunan perdesaan, Bappeda Provinsi Jawa Barat telah merancang suatu terobosan pembangunan yang dikenal dengan program “Desa Membangun”, yaitu suatu pengembangan model pemberdayaan masyarakat dan aparat Desa dalam mewujudkan Desa Mandiri dan Sejahtera. Program tersebut dilaksanakan berdasarkan kebutuhan desa/wilayah (spesifik lokasi) yang bersifat holistik dan terintegrasi secara lintas sektor, dengan tetap memperhatikan efektifitas penyelenggaraan pemerintah desa dan sinergi alokasi program serta anggaran bantuan desa/masyarakat. Untuk itu, informasi terkait dengan kondisi pembangunan perdesaan saat ini (existing) sangat diperlukan sebagai dasar dalam merumuskan perencanaan model Desa Membangun yang mampu menjawab permasalahan dan mengantisipasi peluang serta tantangan yang muncul secara cermat. Implementasi program hendaknya dilaksanakan secara partisipatif dengan melibatkan seluruh stakeholders termasuk masyarakat dan aparat/perangkat Desa. 
Peluang dan Ancaman Perdagangan Produk Pertanian dan Kebijakan untuk Mengatasinya: Studi Kasus Indonesia dengan Ausralian dan Selandia Baru
Authors: Nuryanti Sri
Published: July 2017

Australia dan Selandia Baru meminta pembebasan bea masuk untuk produk–produk peternakan yang menjadi unggulan mereka seperti daging dan susu dalam kerangka kesepakatan perdagangan bebas bilateral Indonesia dengan Australia dan Selandia Baru. Sedangkan, Indonesia meminta Australia dan Selandia Baru untuk membuka pasar Tekstil dan Produk Tekstilnya (TPT). Persoalan adalah keinginan pihak Australia dan Selandia Baru memasukkan produk–produk peternakan ke Indonesia di satu pihak dan keinginan Indonesia mamasok produk TPT ke Australia dan Selandia Baru berpotensi memperlemah upaya pemerintah untuk merevitalisasi pertanian dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat petani. Produk pertanian Indonesia yang potensial dan berdaya saing di Australia dan Selandia Baru sebagian merupakan produk primer dari kopi, kelapa sawit, kakao, dan karet. Keempatnya menghadapi pesaing yang sama, yaitu Malaysia dan Thailand. Meskipun impor Indonesia dari Australia dan Selandia Baru kecil, Indonesia akan menghadapi ancaman ketergantungan bahan pangan dan kerentanan bagi ekonomi peternak domestik. Rencana pembebasan bea masuk impor daging, susu, dan produk susu dari Australia dan Selandia Baru dapat berdampak buruk bagi perekonomian petani tanaman pangan, perkebunan dan peternakan di dalam negeri. Apabila Indonesia membuka pasar untuk produk pertanian dari Australia, akan ada jutaan petani yang dikorbankan dengan membanjirnya produk pertanian impor tersebut. Petani lokal harus disiapkan terlebih dulu dengan program yang mendukung serta kepastian pasar agar dapat bersaing di pasar domestik. 
Kebijakan Pengembangan Budi Daya Kedelai Menuju Swasembada melalui Partisipasi Petani
Authors: Zakaria Amar K.
Published: July 2017

Kedelai merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan yang strategis di Indonesia. Dengan kedudukan kedelai sebagai komoditas palawija yang kaya akan kandungan protein nabati yang dalam pemanfaatannya memiliki kegunaan yang beragam, terutama sebagai bahan baku industri makanan (tempe, tahu, tauco dan susu kedelai) dan bahan baku industri pakan ternak. Berdasar kondisi tersebut, kebutuhan kedelai terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun namun produksi kedelai domestik tidak dapat mengimbanginya, sehingga untuk mencukupinya harus impor. Produksi kedelai dalam negeri terus menurun secara tajam sejalan dengan penurunan areal tanam. Menurunnya areal tanam kedelai sebagai akibat rendahnya partisipasi petani dalam menanam kedelai, karena budidaya kedelai yang diusahakan tidak memberi keuntungan yang layak kepada petani. Hal tersebut, karena terbatasnya ketersediaan teknologi dan rendahnya adopsi teknologi di tingkat petani serta rendahnya tingkat harga yang diterima, sehingga menurunnya nilai tukar petani. Program kebijakan insentif dengan kegiatan penguatan kelembagaan dan pembiayaan yang dilaksanakan melalui penggalangan partisipasi petani dalam wadah kelompok tani yang disertai pembinaan melalui sekolah lapang merupakan strategi untuk meningkatkan produksi serta mengurangi impor kedelai dan menuju swasembada kedelai. Penerapan teknologi budidaya perlu didukung dengan memperkuat kebijakan pemerintah dalam agribisnis kedelai, seperti penyediaan benih unggul bermutu dan pupuk bersubsidi, pengendalian OPT (Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman), manajemen pasca panen, penetapan harga dasar, kegiatan penyuluhan melalui kelompok tani serta kemudahan teknologi dan rangsangan insentif lainnya bagi petani. Dengan kondisi, tersebut dapat memperkuat tingkat partisipasi dan minat petani untuk memproduksi kedelai dengan penerapan teknologi yang disediakan, khususnya pengembangan program SLPTT (Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu) dan BLBU (Bantuan Langsung Benih Unggul) yang berkesinambungan di tingkat usahatani.
Diseminasi di BPTP: Pemikiran Inovatif Transfer Teknologi Spesifik Lokasi
Authors: Sarwani Muhrizal , Jamal Erizal , Subagyono Kasdi , Sirnawati Enti , Hanifah Vyta W.
Published: July 2017

Semakin besarnya tuntutan terhadap BPTP terkait diseminasi teknologi spesifik lokasi, memerlukan penelaahan yang seksama tentang bagaimana seharusnya kegiatan diseminasi yang efektif dilakukan. Penelaahan dilakukan melalui review terhadap kegiatan diseminasi yang selama ini telah dilaksanakan BPTP, baik terkait dengan pengujian teknologi spesifik lokasi, maupun kegiatan BPTP dalam mengawal program strategis Kementerian Pertanian, seperti Prima Tani dan SL-PTT. Disamping itu, pengalaman kegiatan diseminasi juga diperkaya melalui kegiatan kerjasama dengan pihak asing seperti PRO-ACIAR, FEATI, IRRC, dan IPNI. Hasil telaahan menunjukkan bahwa: (a) pelaksanaan kegiatan cenderung dibuat seragam untuk semua BPTP dan kurang memberi ruang pada BPTP untuk menginisiasi suatu pola atau pendekatan yang khas wilayah sehingga rasa memiliki terhadap kegiatan/program yang diintroduksi relatif kecil dan dalam banyak kasus pelaksanaannya terjebak dalam pendekatan proyek, (b) hampir semua kegiatan tidak didukung oleh suatu data base dan dokumentasi yang baik, terutama terkait dengan stock inovasi yang tersedia, data kelompok sasaran yang diperbaharui secara berkala, dan hasil yang didapat serta data dukung lainnya, dan (c) pengkajian dan diseminasi belum terencana dalam satu agenda yang saling mengait, termasuk pengkajian untuk percepatan diseminasi suatu inovasi. Perbaikan ke depan dapat dilakukan dengan memberi keleluasaan bagi BPTP untuk merencanakan kegiatan diseminasi, dengan memperhatikan keterkaitan antara kegiatan pengkajian-diseminasi-penyebaran informasi, sehingga indikator pencapaian untuk masing-masing porsi kegiatan tersebut dapat diukur dengan jelas. Pengembangan sistem informasi diseminasi inovasi teknologi spesifik lokasi menjadi sangat penting untuk dikedepankan.
Analisis Dampak ACFTA dan Kebijakan Perdagangan Kakao di Pasar Domestik dan China
Authors: Lubis Adrian Darmawan , Nuryanti Sri
Published: July 2017

Indonesia dan Malaysia bersama dengan negara ASEAN lainnya telah melakukan liberalisasi perdagangan melalui perjanjian ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Liberalisasi tersebut dimulai dengan pelaksanaan Early Harvest Program (EHP) pada tahun 2005. Dengan menggunakan analisis daya saing Revealed Symetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP), dan analisis regresi berganda diketahui bahwa daya saing biji kakao Indonesia di pasar China terhadap Malaysia ternyata tidak meningkat sejak pelaksanaan ACFTA. Daya saing ekspor biji kakao Indonesia di pasar China telah memasuki tahap kematangan. Malaysia telah menghentikan ekspor biji kakao ke China dan menggeser ke produk setengah jadi. Indonesia tidak meraih keuntungan dalam perdagangan bebas ACFTA hanya dengan mengekspor produk primer seperti biji kakao ke China. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia harus mengekspor produk kakao seperti kakao bubuk, kakao pasta dan lemak kakao untuk memperoleh nilai tambah dan memperbaiki daya saing kakao di pasar China maupun internasional.
Kebijakan Antisipatif dan Strategi Penggalangan Petani Menuju Swasembada Jagung Nasional
Authors: Zakaria Amar K.
Published: July 2017

Jagung merupakan komoditas strategis bagi perekonomian nasional, karena selain sebagai bahan pangan juga menjadi bahan baku utama pakan ternak. Dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan jagung nasional, maka pengembangan produksi jagung menuju swasembada harus tetap dilakukan secara konsisten. Swasembada jagung yang telah dicapai pada tahun 2009 terus dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka pengembangan pertanaman jagung hibrida dan komposit produksi tinggi perlu terus diperluas. Dengan melaksanakan program SLPTT, BLBU dan CBN yang didukung partisipasi petani di wilayah pengembangan menjadi syarat mutlak menuju swasembada berkelanjutan.
Harga Pembelian Pemerintah (Hpp) Gabah-Beras Tahun 2010: Efektivitas dan Implikasinya Terhadap Kualitas dan Pengadaan oleh Dolog
Authors: Maulana Muhammad , Rachman Benny
Published: July 2017

Terkait dengan stabilisasi harga dan peningkatan kualitas gabah-beras, pemerintah menetapkan harga pembelian pemerintah (HPP) dan penggunaan tabel rafaksi sebagai acuan dalam transaksi gabah-beras. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas HPP, dan bagaimana faktor produksi dan kualitas gabah-beras mempengaruhi efektivitas kebijakan HPP. Kebijakan HPP GKP efektif dalam menjaga stabilitas harga GKP ditingkat petani. Tingkat harga pada transaksi jual beli gabah beras dipengaruhi kuantitas dan kualitas gabah beras. Kuantitas berhubungan dengan produksi antar musim. Namun, dalam menentukan harga transaksi, tidak ada pedoman baku yang digunakan untuk menentukan kualitas. Tabel Rafaksi tidak digunakan oleh petani dan pedagang. Petani dan pedagang telah mempunyai persepsi masing-masing tentang penentuan kualitas gabah-beras. Oleh sebab itu, sosialisasi tabel rafaksi pada petani sangat perlu digiatkan.
Kelayakan Finansial Sistem Integrasi Sawit-Sapi melalui Program Kredit Usaha Pembibitan Sapi
Authors: Ilham Nyak , Saliem Handewi P.
Published: July 2017

Pakan merupakan faktor penting dalam usaha sapi potong. Sumber pakan potensial yang belum banyak dimanfatkan adalah lahan di bawah tanaman kelapa sawit dan limbah perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit. Kawasan perkebunan kelapa sawit, merupakan alternatif sebagai kawasan baru pengembangan sapi potong sistem integrasi tanaman ternak. Diharapkan dukungan Program Kredit Usaha Pembibitan Sapi dapat mempercepat mendorong berbagai stakeholder untuk mengembangkan kawasan itu. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan finansial usaha sapi potong yang diintegrasikan dengan perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan berbagai pola pengusahaan ternak. Analisis di lakukan berdasarkan studi sebelumnya terkait dengan integrasi usaha ternak sapi dengan tanaman sawit. Usahatani pembibitan sapi yang diintegrasikan dengan perkebunan sawit memberikan keuntungan dengan nilai R/C berkisar 1,05 – 2,84. Secara finansial usaha tersebut layak dikembangkan dengan nilai IRR berkisar antara 21 – 29 persen, nilai B/C antara 1,35 – 2,67, dan lama pengembalian modal 4,91 – 6,4 tahun. Diharapkan pemerintah dapat lebih mendorong pihak pengusaha perkebunan terlibat sebagai avalis, fleksibilitas persyaratan perbankan dan pihak Badan Pertanahan Nasional melakukan sertifikasi untuk mendukung mengembangkan usaha pembibitan sapi yang terintegrasi dengan perkebunan sawit. 
Disability in Mexico: a comparative analysis between descriptive models and historical periods using a timeline
Authors: Sandoval Hugo , Pérez-Neri Iván , Martínez-Flores Francisco , Del Valle-Cabrera Martha Griselda , Pineda Carlos
Published: July 2017

Some interpretations frequently argue that three Disability Models (DM) (Charity, Medical/Rehabilitation, and Social) correspond to historical periods in terms of chronological succession. These views permeate a priori within major official documents on the subject in Mexico. This paper intends to test whether this association is plausible by applying a timeline method. A document search was made with inclusion and exclusion criteria in databases to select representative studies with which to depict milestones in the timelines for each period. The following is demonstrated: 1) models should be considered as categories of analysis and not as historical periods, in that the prevalence of elements of the three models is present to date, and 2) the association between disability models and historical periods results in teleological interpretations of the history of disability in Mexico.
Health profiles in people with intellectual developmental disorders
Authors: Folch-Mas Anabel , Cortés-Ruiz María José , Vicens-Calderón Paloma , Martínez-Leal Rafael
Published: July 2017

Objective. To better understand the health profiles of people with intellectual disability (ID), focusing on the variables that are associated with a poorer health status. Materials and methods. Data were collected from the Survey on Disability, Personal Autonomy and Dependency (EDAD 2008) of the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE). The health data of 2 840 subjects with IDD were analyzed in order to verify the impact of different variables on their health profiles. Results. People with severe and profound levels of IDD presented a higher number of medical diagnoses.At residence centers there was a larger proportion of individuals with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases and more severe conditions; age also was an important factor. Conclusion. The health profiles of individuals with IDD differ depending on the severity level of their IDD and their degree of institutionalization. Further research is needed to provide better health care for people with IDD.
La salud sexual y reproductiva como reflejo de inequidad en mujeres indígenas de la Región de la Montaña de Guerrero, México
Authors: Reyna-Álvarez Malú A , De La Cruz-Vargas Jhony A , Teliz-Sánchez Martha , Hernández-Girón Carlos , Blanco-García Nubia O , Santiago-Moreno Agustín
Published: July 2017

Señor editor: Las transformaciones sociales que en décadas recientes se han registrado en América Latina han impactado en las condiciones de vida de la población y, en especial, en la salud de las mujeres, incluyendo la salud sexual y reproductiva. Según el Fondo de Desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas para la Mujer, el Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas, la Comisión Económica para América Latina, la Organización Mundial de la Salud y otros, los problemas relacionados con la salud reproductiva siguen siendo la principal causa de morbimortalidad de las mujeres en edad reproductiva en todo el mundo.
A Practical Application of Pipeline Surveillance and Intrusion Monitoring System in the Niger Delta: The Umugini Case Study
Authors: Fagbami Debo , Echem Chukwudi , Okoli Amaechi , Mondanos Michael , Bain Andy , Carbonneau Patrice , Martey Amarquaye
Published: July 2017

Nigeria is Africa's biggest crude producer but its revenue is severely reduced by theft and attacks on oil pipelines that significantly impacts crude production and fuel supply. Substantial efforts have taken place in collaboration with local communities, producers and oil operators to engage New Technologies in a bid to combat oil theft and pipeline sabotage.

Integrity monitoring of oil and gas pipeline pipelines can quickly identify a leak or third-party incursion event. Distributed optical fibre sensing offers a pipeline monitoring system that is not available with any other technology. Early detection of a leak or intrusion together with the accurate identification of the location allows time for either safe shutdown or rapid dispatch of security, assessment and clean-up personnel giving benefits in terms of reduced environmental impact and reduced helth risks to the local population. An effective and appropriately implemented monitoring system can easily pay for itself through reduced product loss, potential consequential losses and an increase in public confidence.

A Distributed surveillance system one of the first installed in Nigeria will be introduced. The System has been introduced to the Umugini pipeline, a crude oil evacuation route for four Nigerian marginal field producers in the western Niger Delta. The system uses the FALCON Platform developed by Xenergi. The system includes intrusion detection and leak detection based on both acoustic and temperature variations. At the heart of the system are both the Ultima™ Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS) and Distributed Acoustic Sensor (intelligent DAS) allowing coverage of ranges up to 10's km continuously.

The project had to overcome a number of challenges, including the variable installation conditions imposed by the terrain & local climate, contractors unfamiliar with the technology and community concerns. Overcoming these issues gave a system that delivers 24/7 coverage of the Umigini pipeline from a single monitoring location giving the operator financial benefits in reduced product loss and more efficient deployment of resources.

The Silixa intelligent Pipeline Surveillance System (iPSS™) allows oil & gas pipeline operators to continuously and simultaneously monitor for leaks and threats to the pipeline along its entire length, and is the only system that can offer such complete coverage. Utilising fibre optics and underpinning the detection technology is Silixa's world leading Ultima & intelligent DAS, (iDAS™). The iPSS brings together this advanced technology, applies sophisticated processing and presents vital information through an easy to use interface.
Performance Analysis of a Selectively Completed Horizontal Well
Authors: Seyide Hunyinbo Olumuyiwa
Published: July 2017

Horizontal wells are generally perforated along a well profile of interest in order to establish flow across the casing for entry of formation fluids into the wellbore, while limiting sand production from unconsolidated reservoirs, wellbore collapse and early water or gas production. In open hole horizontal wells, the formation produces uniformly with no flow convergence towards the wellbore, and productivity index is constant along the horizontal section of the well. However, selective perforations result in multiple flow convergence regions along the wellbore, resulting in a pseudoskin effect which reduces well productivity. Hence, there is the need for optimization of a horizontal well productivity by designing the appropriate number and length of perforation intervals with minimal pseudoskin.

This paper analyses the effect of selective completion on the inflow performance of a horizontal well with the aid of a reservoir simulation model (developed using EclipseTM black oil simulator) and the simple approximation method developed by Guerra and Yildiz which initially modelled selectively perforated vertical wells. Guerra and Yildiz's procedures were modified for a horizontal well under the assumption that the horizontal well is producing from a thin oil rim, allowing for a dominant radial flow.

Four (4) case scenarios were used for sensitivity analysis and it was observed that both the numerical and approximation models show similar trends in performance indices. The results obtained also indicate that for the same percentage length open to flow, the higher the number open intervals, the larger the productivity index until the increment becomes insignificant, therefore subject to optimization.
Decision Based History Matching: A Quick, Efficient, and Effective Way to Explain and Predict Unexpected Water Breakthrough and Trends in the W10 Reservoir, Dotun Field, Deepwater Nigeria
Authors: Ghosh Ankush , Ikwueze Obinna , Olatunji Idris , Chukwuneke Chinenye , Ikomi John , Chima Chima
Published: July 2017

History matching is an inverse modeling technique in which production-driven changes in reservoirs (pressure/saturation) are used to calibrate reservoir model properties and thus narrow down the associated uncertainty ranges, such that historical dynamic data is honored within acceptable tolerance, which results in subsurface models that are adequate for production forecasts & development planning. This paper summarizes an iterative history matching technique carried out to better understand early water breakthrough and observed water-cut trend in the W10 reservoir of Dotun field developed through a recently drilled producer-injector well-pair. Early water breakthrough & high water-cut seen in the producer well can be explained by the existence of a strong aquifer and a high permeable conduit between the producer and the aquifer which may not be resolved by seismic. This assumption is supported by interference tests showing weak pressure communication between producer/injector and chemical analysis indicating that the formation is the source of the produced water. A decision based modeling approach was adopted whereby facies updates were iteratively carried out in the sector between the producer and the aquifer to achieve incremental improvement in Water Breakthrough Time and Water-Cut matches. Dynamic parameters like possible Contact uncertainty, Relative Permeability and Skin were also varied. For accurate flood front modelling, local grid refinement techniques were implemented. A reasonable history match was achieved with a shallower contact, a facies realization replicating continuation of a high permeability streak between producer and aquifer, significant aquifer strength and dynamic local grid refinement. The model was history matched with four months of post-water-breakthrough production data and the robustness of the technique has been validated by actual well performance (post study) with simulation predictions. The exercise also suggests that the pressure support at current production rates is maintained mostly by the aquifer and that the injector could indeed be redundant.
Fracture Width Prediction and Loss Prevention Material Sizing in Depleted Formations Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Solomon Okoro , Adewale Dosunmu , Anyanwu Chima
Published: July 2017

The need for operators of Oil and Gas assets to maintain depleting reserves have led to the development of new productive zones in mature fields. With new technology and improved understanding of the existing reservoirs, more discoveries within mature fields have been made requiring drilling activities to be performed below the existing mature fields. Drilling across previously produced intervals can be challenging as the depleted layers (or low pressure zones) have narrow margins between the pore pressure and fracture pressure gradients resulting in drilling problem as lost circulation.

To drill through such intervals successfully, loss prevention materials are incorporated in the drilling fluid as a preventive measure as against a corrective approach after experiencing losses. The sizing of loss prevention materials is however hinged on the accurate prediction of the induced fracture widths.

In this study, Artificial Neural Network (a subset of artificial intelligence) is utilised to construct a tool to predict the width of induced fractures and determine the sizing for loss prevention materials. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained and validated using a limited 30-point input data set. This resulted in a squared correlation of 79%. The results from the ANN is compared with existing 2D fracture models and benchmarked against experimental results published in literature.
Flow Station Location As a Critical Factor in the Siting of a Modular Crude Oil Refinery – A Case Study of a Modular Refinery in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Adewuyi Daniel O.
Published: July 2017

The process of selecting a location to establish a modular refinery is just as intricate as designing one. Of the numerous factors and conditions to consider when siting a modular refinery, crude oil sourcing plays a vital role in refinery efficacy and profitability, with pressure drop in pipelines posing a significant threat. Other factors that are considered in the bid of siting a modular refinery include product market outlets, environmental and political factors as well as proximity to industrial hubs.

The subject of this paper is a modular refinery located in Kwale, Delta State, with a capacity of 20,000 bpd. The refinery receives the bulk of its feed crude oil from Bonny flow station, Niger Delta. The modular refinery also receives feed crude oil from the in-situ production from its marginal fields.

This paper entails a conceptual establishment of a common flow station from which six modular refineries with equal capacity of 20,000 bpd receive feedstock from. The six refineries are sited at different locations, with regular intervals of 10 km from the flow station.

The pressure drops along the six pipelines were independently determined after considering a host of factors and variables using the Darcy-Weisbach equation, Reynolds Number, Churchill Equation and the Colebrook Equation. From the pressure drop profile along each pipeline (consisting of the kinetic, friction and elevation factors), pumps are designed and installed to ensure optimum performance of the pipelines.

The financial data (cost of construction of buried coated pipe, cost of screw pumps) used to carry out the economics of this project was obtained from Chevron Nigeria Limited, Piping Department, 2016.

The total capital cost needed to establish the modular refineries were plotted against flow station-refinery distances. From the plot, a model was developed to accurately determine the variation in the cost of establishing a modular refinery for every kilometer it is sited away from the source of the crude oil, keeping other factors such as the chemical composition of the crude being transported or the operational conditions of the network constant.

It is a general rule of thumb that the closer a plant is to its source of feedstock the more efficient and economical it would be. This paper helps to accurately determine how critical the flow station location could be as a factor in the siting of a modular crude oil refinery.
Optimizing Gas Fields Using Integrated Asset Modeling: OML58 Upgrade Case Study
Authors: Mechergui Aymen , Onumaegbu Ignatius , Ekpenyong Daniel
Published: July 2017

Integrated Asset Modeling (IAM) has now become widely used for oil and gas production optimization. It has the advantage of integrating constraints from reservoir, well inflow and outflow, pipelines, compressors and processing facilities in one integrated simulation model. IAM is also a powerful tool for decision making and planning, it allows a quick and comprehensive assessment of geosciences uncertainties combined with different development strategies.

This paper describes how IAM is a key for OML58 gas fields optimization and forecast. It has proven its ability to identify potential benefits of upgrading surface facilities to ensure sustainable gas supply to the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas Plant (NLNG) and the domestic market. The OML58 upgrade project comprised the increase of gas compression capacity and the construction of two major pipelines: The Obite-Ubeta-Rumji (OUR) pipeline and the Northern Option Pipeline (NOPL). The commissioning and start-up was completed in August 2016 and the first domestic gas supply to the Alaoji Power Plant was achieved in October 2016, marking an important milestone for Total E&P Nigeria Limited (TEPNG) and its joint venture partner NNPC.

The paper also highlights the importance of OML58 IAM in addressing both short and long term challenges. The model is used to maximize condensate production using an algorithm that automatically prioritizes high condensate wells in forecast stage. It also guides the planning and the optimization of well intervention for both data acquisition and production enhancement. In long term perspective, the paper illustrates the flexibility to perform the screening of different infill/workover drilling options, the integration of undeveloped gas fields and the preliminary assessment of gas explorationprospects.
Initial Production Rate Estimation: Impact on Recovery and Interplay of Recovery Process
Authors: Olufemi Adebayo , Ambastha Anil
Published: July 2017

One of the many processes utilized by subsurface teams to grow / sustain production is infill drilling. The choice of whether an infill opportunity will be drilled is finalized with detailed economic evaluation after all subsurface assessments have been completed. The economics of a proposed infill opportunity is mainly impacted by cost and recovery. Recovery is a function of initial production (IP) rate and length of plateau (sustained) production at the IP.

This paper explores key considerations in the selection / determination of initial production (IP) rate for forecasting recovery from infill wells. Using history-matched simulation models, rate sensitivity analysis was carried out for each well per subsurface model realization (P10-50-90) of the reservoir of interest. IP rates were then selected to ensure that they gave optimum incremental recovery for each subsurface model realization without compromising the commercial viability of the opportunity.

The approach described in this paper not only provides a robust way of estimating IP rates, but also gives insights to (i) better understand the interaction between the IP rate and the recovery process and (ii) identify potential upside if the "best case" scenario is encountered when a well is drilled. This paper also poses questions around a need for an industry-standard methodology to signpost, measure and report IP rates after well start-up.
Comprehensive History Match and Forecast Work for an Oil Reservoir with Uncertainty in Original Gas Oil Contact
Authors: Okpani Olu , Ambastha Anil
Published: July 2017

A comprehensive reservoir simulation study was recently carried out for the A4 reservoir located in the Niger Delta. The A4 reservoir is divided into two fault blocks (Main and West) that are connected in the down-dip part of the reservoir both in the oil leg and aquifer. Original Oil-Water Contact (OOWC) was logged in the reservoir, but no Original Gas-Oil Contact (OGOC) was logged by the wells that penetrated the reservoir. Thus, there existed uncertainty in the OGOC from the Highest Known Oil (HKO) to the crest of the reservoir.

During the period of the simulation project, two oil producers (A4-1p and A4-2p) were producing from the Main Block, while one water injector (A4-1i) was providing pressure support. Two additional oil producers were then being planned to increase the recovery from the reservoir. One of the wells was planned to be drilled up-dip of the existing two producers in the Main Block, while the other well was planned to drain the West Block.

Base model deterministic history-match and sensitivity studies were conducted to gain insight into the reservoir performance and parameters that affect history match, especially the OGOC. Then, probabilistic history-matching was carried out to assess the full range of uncertainties of the different history-match parameters with special consideration to the OGOC.

Probabilistic history-matching shows that the P10 OGOC for the Main Block is about 24ft shallower than the HKO, which was also supported by the base deterministic model. The simulation models were then used to forecast the performance of the two additional planned development wells to validate the planned landing depth of the completions. The two additional development wells were drilled and brought online. Initial test results from the new development wells were consistent with the pre-drill base deterministic simulation predictions.