bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Replicated anthropogenic hybridisations reveal parallel patterns of admixture in marine mussels
Authors: Simon Alexis , Arbiol Christine , Nielsen Einar Eg , Couteau Jérôme , Sussarellu Rossana , Burgeot Thierry , Bernard Ismaël , Coolen Joop W. P. , Lamy Jean‐Baptiste , Robert Stéphane , Skazina Maria , Strelkov Petr , Queiroga Henrique , Cancio Ibon , Welch John J. , Viard Frédérique , Bierne Nicolas
Published: October 2019

Human‐mediated transport creates secondary contacts between genetically differentiated lineages, bringing new opportunities for gene exchange. When similar introductions occur in different places, they provide informally replicated experiments for studying hybridisation. We here examined 4,279 Mytilus mussels, sampled in Europe and genotyped with 77 ancestry‐informative markers. We identified a type of introduced mussels, called “dock mussels,” associated with port habitats and displaying a particular genetic signal of admixture between M. edulis and the Mediterranean lineage of M. galloprovincialis. These mussels exhibit similarities in their ancestry compositions, regardless of the local native genetic backgrounds and the distance separating colonised ports. We observed fine‐scale genetic shifts at the port entrance, at scales below natural dispersal distance. Such sharp clines do not fit with migration‐selection tension zone models, and instead suggest habitat choice and early‐stage adaptation to the port environment, possibly coupled with connectivity barriers. Variations in the spread and admixture patterns of dock mussels seem to be influenced by the local native genetic backgrounds encountered. We next examined departures from the average admixture rate at different loci, and compared human‐mediated admixture events, to naturally admixed populations and experimental crosses. When the same M. galloprovincialis background was involved, positive correlations in the departures of loci across locations were found; but when different backgrounds were involved, no or negative correlations were observed. While some observed positive correlations might be best explained by a shared history and saltatory colonisation, others are likely produced by parallel selective events. Altogether, genome‐wide effect of admixture seems repeatable and more dependent on genetic background than environmental context. Our results pave the way towards further genomic analyses of admixture, and monitoring of the spread of dock mussels both at large and at fine spacial scales.
BAY 94‐9027 prophylaxis is efficacious and well tolerated for up to >5 years with extended dosing intervals: PROTECT VIII extension interim results
Authors: Lalezari Shadan , Reding Mark T. , Pabinger Ingrid , Holme Pal Andre , Negrier Claude , Chalasani Pavani , Shin Ho‐Jin , Wang Maria , Tseneklidou‐Stoeter Despina , Maas Enriquez Monika
Published: October 2019

Introduction

BAY 94‐9027 is an extended‒half‐life, site‐specifically PEGylated, B‐domain‒deleted recombinant factor VIII (FVIII). The PROTECT VIII main study demonstrated efficacy of bleed control using extended‐interval prophylaxis with BAY 94‐9027 for 36 weeks.

Aim

To report long‐term efficacy and safety of prophylaxis with BAY 94‐9027 in a descriptive analysis of the ongoing PROTECT VIII extension with a total treatment time of up to >5 years.

Methods

Previously treated males aged 12‐65 years with severe haemophilia A who completed the PROTECT VIII main study were eligible for the open‐label extension. Patients received on‐demand treatment or prophylaxis (30‒40 IU/kg twice weekly, 45‒60 IU/kg every 5 days, or 60 IU/kg every 7 days) and could switch regimens as needed.

Results

Patients (N = 121; on demand, n = 14; prophylaxis, n = 107) accumulated a median (range) of 3.9 years (297‒1965 days) and 223 (23‒563) total exposure days by 31 January 2018. During the extension, median (quartile [Q]1; Q3) annualized bleeding rates (ABRs) for total bleeds were 1.6 (0.3; 4.6) for patients receiving prophylaxis and 34.1 (20.3; 36.6) for patients receiving on‐demand treatment. ABRs for twice‐weekly (n = 23), every‐5‐days (n = 33), every‐7‐days (n = 23) and variable frequency (n = 28) treatments were 1.7, 1.2, 0.7 and 3.1, respectively. Of prophylaxis patients, 20.6% were bleed‐free throughout the extension (median time, 3.2 years), and 51.0% were bleed‐free during the last 6 months. No patients developed FVIII inhibitors.

Conclusions

BAY 94‐9027 prophylaxis was efficacious and well tolerated with dosing intervals up to every 7 days for a median (range) of 3.9 years (0.8‐5.4 years).
Dentinal microcracks on freshly extracted teeth: the impact of the extraction technique
Authors: Arashiro F. N. , De‐Deus G. , Belladonna F. G. , Cavalcante D. M. , Coelho M. S. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Pereira K. F. S. , da Silva P. G. , Lopes R. T. , Souza E. M.
Published: October 2019

Aim

To evaluate the incidence of root dentinal microcracks after two extraction techniques through micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) analysis.

Methodology

Thirty pairs of premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons, were assigned to two experimental groups, following a split‐mouth design (n = 30): traumatic technique group (TTG) – teeth extracted following a conventional protocol using forceps, and an atraumatic technique group (ATG) – teeth extracted following an atraumatic technique protocol in which the root was gently detached from the periodontal ligament using a periotome. All teeth were immediately immersed in distilled water and scanned in a micro‐CT device within 72 h following the extraction. The assessment of the images was completed on cross‐section images by two masked evaluators. The Mann–Whitney test was used to assess the significant differences between the groups regarding the number of cross‐sections displaying microcracks whilst the Fischer’s exact test was used to assess differences in the frequency of specimens with defects (P < 0.05).

Results

A total of 52 750 micro‐CT cross‐sectional images were evaluated. A total of 352 cross‐sections had at least one dentinal defect. Microcracks were observed in five teeth of the TTG group (n = 352 slices) and in two teeth of the ATG group (n = 103 slices). The statistical analysis used was unable to detect a significant difference between the groups in terms of the number of dentinal microcracks (P = 0.233) and in the frequency of teeth displaying microcracks (P = 0.424).

Conclusion

A small number of sound teeth without endodontic treatment had dentinal microcracks regardless of the extraction technique applied. No difference was noticed between the traumatic and atraumatic techniques in the incidence of microcracks.
Measuring what matters and guiding policy: An evaluation of the Genuine Progress Indicator
Authors: BERIK Günseli
Published: October 2019

This article examines the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), which seeks to respond to the shortcomings of GDP and the main contemporary challenges to welfare. As a monetary indicator, the GPI is uniquely suited to evaluate the impact of policy proposals and its dashboard‐like features are able to track changes in contributing variables. While the GPI is currently not available for use in cross‐country analyses, it will be measurable using a standard methodology once certain data issues have been resolved and a consensus is reached on GPI 2.0. Currently, the main obstacles to its widespread use are lack of political leadership and institutional support.
Structure, microwave dielectric performance, and infrared reflectivity spectrum of olivine‐type Mg2Ge0.98O4 ceramic
Authors: Chen Junqi , Tang Ying , Yin Changzhi , Yu Mingyang , Xiang Huaicheng , Li Chunchun , Xing Xianran , Fang Liang
Published: October 2019

An ultra‐low dielectric loss ceramics Mg2Ge0.98O4 with olivine structure was fabricated by conventional solid‐state route. The phase composition, crystal structure, and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. The phase of Mg2Ge0.98O4 is formed to the orthorhombic forsterite structure with a space group Pmnb (62). The dense microstructure and excellent microwave dielectric properties of Mg2Ge0.98O4 ceramic were obtained at 1360°C for 4 hours, with relative density ~96.4%, εr ~ 7.3, Q × f = 112 400 GHz, and τf ~ −64.6 ppm/°C. The conductive mechanism of Mg2Ge0.98O4 in the low frequency (<1 MHz) was studied by the dielectric spectroscopy and the result with Edc = 0.93 eV demonstrates that the defect was contributed to the double ionized oxygen vacancies. The intrinsic dielectric properties of Mg2Ge0.98O4 in the microwave region were obtained by infrared reflectivity spectra with εr ~ 7.13, Q × f = 120 400 GHz. And, acceptable τf (~+2.6 ppm/°C) of 0.92Mg2Ge0.98O4–0.08CaTiO3 composite ceramic was obtained by adding the CaTiO3.
Correlations between pore structure parameters and gas permeability of corundum porous materials
Authors: Xiong Xin , Wang Zhoufu , Wang Xitang , Liu Hao , Ma Yan
Published: October 2019

Corundum porous materials with different contents of calcium hexaluminate formed in situ were prepared using pure calcium aluminate cement as the calcium source. The surface fractal dimensions of the porous materials were calculated based on the experimental data of mercury intrusion. Correlations between pore structural parameters and the permeability coefficients k1 and k2 of the porous materials were then studied based on the grey system theory. The results showed that pores in the corundum porous materials have great fractal characteristics. The surface fractal dimension was a significant pore structural parameter that reflected the complexity of pore shape, pore surface, and pore‐size distribution, which had the maximum correlation coefficient with the permeability of this type of porous materials. The apparent porosity and pore‐size distribution had relatively high correlation coefficients to the permeability as well. Increasing the apparent porosity and the volume percentage of larger pores, and decreasing the volume percentage of smaller pores all benefited the permeability of the porous materials. In addition, the mean pore size and median pore size showed lower correlation coefficients to the permeability—especially for porous materials with a wide pore‐size distribution.
Genetic analysis on body weight at different ages in broiler chicken raised in commercial environment
Authors: Chu Thinh Tuan , Madsen Per , Norberg Elise , Wang Lei , Marois Danye , Henshall John , Jensen Just
Published: October 2019

A multivariate model was developed and used to estimate genetic parameters of body weight (BW) at 1–6 weeks of age of broilers raised in a commercial environment. The development of model was based on the predictive ability of breeding values evaluated from a cross‐validation procedure that relied on half‐sib correlation. The multivariate model accounted for heterogeneous variances between sexes through standardization applied to male and female BWs differently. It was found that the direct additive genetic, permanent environmental maternal and residual variances for BW increased drastically as broilers aged. The drastic increase in variances over weeks of age was mainly due to scaling effects. The ratio of the permanent environmental maternal variance to phenotypic variance decreased gradually with increasing age. Heritability of BW traits ranged from 0.28 to 0.33 at different weeks of age. The direct genetic effects on consecutive weekly BWs had high genetic correlations (0.85–0.99), but the genetic correlations between early and late BWs were low (0.32–0.57). The difference in variance components between sexes increased with increasing age. In conclusion, the permanent environmental maternal effect on broiler chicken BW decreased with increasing age from weeks 1 to 6. Potential bias of the model that considered identical variances for sexes could be reduced when heterogeneous variances between sexes are accounted for in the model.
Transplantation of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell sheets directly into the kidney suppresses the progression of renal injury in a diabetic nephropathy rat model
Authors: Takemura Shunsuke , Shimizu Tatsuya , Oka Masatoshi , Sekiya Sachiko , Babazono Tetsuya
Published: October 2019

Aims/Introduction

Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) transplantation is a promising therapy for diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, intravascular administration of ASCs is associated with low engraftment in target organs. Therefore, we considered applying the cell sheet technology to ASCs. In this study, ASC sheets were directly transplanted into the kidneys of a DN rat model, and therapeutic consequences were analyzed.

Materials and Methods

Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissues of 7‐week‐old enhanced green fluorescent protein rats, and ASC sheets were prepared using a temperature‐responsive culture dish. A DN rat model was established from 5‐week‐old Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats. Seven‐week‐old DN rats (n = 21) were assigned to one of the following groups: sham‐operated (n = 6); ASC suspension (6.0 × 106 cells/mL) administered intravenously (n = 7); six ASC sheets transplanted directly into the kidney (n = 8). The therapeutic effect of the cell sheets was determined based on urinary biomarker expression and histological analyses.

Results

The ASC sheets survived under the kidney capsule of the DN rat model for 14 days after transplantation. Furthermore, albuminuria and urinary tumor necrosis factor‐α levels were significantly lower in the ASC sheets transplanted directly into the kidney group than in the sham‐operated and ASC suspension administered intravenously groups (P < 0.05). Histologically, the ASC sheets transplanted directly into the kidney group presented mild atrophy of the proximal tubule and maintained the renal tubular structure.

Conclusions

Transplantation of ASC sheets directly into the kidney improved transplantation efficiency and suppressed renal injury progression. Therefore, the ASC sheet technology might be a promising novel treatment for DN.
GAPcare: The Geriatric Acute and Post‐Acute Fall Prevention Intervention in the Emergency Department: Preliminary Data
Authors: Goldberg Elizabeth M. , Marks Sarah J. , Ilegbusi Aderonke , Resnik Linda , Strauss Daniel H. , Merchant Roland C.
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to describe a new multidisciplinary team fall prevention intervention for older adults who seek care in the emergency department (ED) after having a fall, assess its feasibility and acceptability, and review lessons learned during its initiation.

DESIGN

Single‐blind randomized controlled pilot study.

SETTING

Two urban academic EDs

PARTICIPANTS

Adults 65 years old or older (n = 110) who presented to the ED within 7 days of a fall.

INTERVENTION

Participants were randomized to a usual care (UC) and an intervention (INT) arm. Participants in the INT arm received a brief medication therapy management session delivered by a pharmacist and a fall risk assessment and plan by a physical therapist (PT). INT participants received referrals to outpatient services (eg, home safety evaluation, outpatient PT).

MEASUREMENTS

We used participant, caregiver, and clinician surveys, as well as electronic health record review, to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.

RESULTS

Of the 110 participants, the median participant age was 81 years old, 67% were female, 94% were white, and 16.3% had cognitive impairment. Of the 55 in the INT arm, all but one participant received the pharmacy consult (98.2%); the PT consult was delivered to 83.6%. Median consult time was 20 minutes for pharmacy and 20 minutes for PT. ED length of stay was not increased in the INT arm: UC 5.25 hours vs INT 5.0 hours (P < .94). After receiving the Geriatric Acute and Post‐acute Fall Prevention Intervention (GAPcare), 100% of participants and 97.6% of clinicians recommended the pharmacy consult, and 95% of participants and 95.8% of clinicians recommended the PT consult.

CONCLUSION

These findings support the feasibility and acceptability of the GAPcare model in the ED. A future larger randomized controlled trial is planned to determine whether GAPcare can reduce recurrent falls and healthcare visits in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:198–206, 2019
Refinement, reliability and validity of the Time Capture Tool (TimeCaT) using the Omaha System to support data capture for time motion studies
Authors: Altiner Merve , Secginli Selda , Kang Yu Jin
Published: October 2019

Aim

To refine and assess the inter‐rater reliability and content validity of the embedded interface of nursing/midwifery activities in the Time Capture Tool (TimeCaT) using an interface terminology, the Omaha System.

Methods

This methodological study was conducted in two Family Health Centers (FHCs) in Turkey with a total of 13 nurses and midwives. In phase one, five nurses/midwives in a FHC were observed for a total of 80 hr, and 84 nursing/midwifery activities were generated and validated with 15 content experts. In phase two, the nursing/midwifery activities were mapped to the Omaha System and inter‐rater reliability of the mapping was assessed. The mapping was validated with seven content experts. The nursing/midwifery activities were embedded in the interface of the TimeCaT. In phase three, the embedded interface of the TimeCaT was evaluated while observing eight nurses and midwives in the other FHC.

Results

The scale‐level content validity index was 0.98 for the generated activities in phase one and 0.96 for the mapped activities in phase two. Kappa statistics for inter‐rater reliability was 0.88 for Omaha System problems, 0.83 for categories and 0.83 for targets. The nursing/midwifery activities were adequately mapped to the Omaha System. The embedded interface of the TimeCaT has acceptable inter‐rater reliability and content validity values for using in the Turkish FHC context.

Conclusion

The study results confirm that the TimeCaT using the Omaha System is a valid and reliable tool to measure nursing/midwifery workflow in FHC settings.
Post‐intensive care unit depression among critical care survivors: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Kang Jiyeon , Yun Seonyoung , Cho Young Shin , Jeong Yeon Jin
Published: October 2019

Aim

To investigate the incidence of post‐intensive care unit (ICU) depression and its risk factors among critical care survivors.

Methods

The study data were extracted from the database of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea. We retrospectively analyzed data from 161,977 adult patients who were admitted to the ICU for more than 24 hr from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014 and survived for more than 1 year after discharge. Risk factors for newly diagnosed depression (Code F32) were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

The incidence of post‐ICU depression was 18.5%. The major risk factors were enteral nutrition (odds ratio [OR] = 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.19–2.36), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.54–1.64), and hemi/paraplegia (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.41–1.56). It was observed that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.50–0.61) and myocardial infarction (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.71–0.79) lowered depression.

Conclusions

The incidence of post‐ICU depression was high and influenced by ICU treatment and physical impairments. Healthcare providers must pay attention to the psychological changes in survivors with major risk factors in the recovery process.
Effectiveness of a Social Media–Based, Health Literacy–Sensitive Diabetes Self‐Management Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Su Hyun , Utz Sonja
Published: October 2019

Aims

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of a social media–based, health literacy–sensitive diabetes management intervention on patient activation, self‐care behaviors, and glucose control compared to telephone‐based, health literacy–sensitive diabetes management intervention and usual care. Additionally, this study aimed to identify how patient health literacy influenced the effectiveness of health literacy–sensitive diabetes management interventions.

Design

3 (treatment condition) × 2 (health literacy level) randomized factorial trial.

Methods

In total, 151 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to the social media–based or telephone‐based, health literacy–sensitive diabetes management interventions or the usual care control. The health literacy–sensitive diabetes management intervention consisted of an initial face‐to‐face diabetes nurse education using easy‐to‐read educational materials, the teach‐back method, and eight weekly action‐planning sessions guided with the use of social media or phone calls for each group.

Findings

Patients with high health literacy at the 9‐week follow‐up showed higher levels of patient activation than those with low health literacy in the control group, but the effect of health literacy was no longer significant when patients were provided with social media–based or telephone‐based interventions. Patients who received the telephone‐based, health literacy–sensitive diabetes management intervention had a significantly higher score for self‐care behaviors than the usual care control group at 9 weeks’ follow‐up. No other effects for self‐care behaviors or glycated hemoglobin were significant at follow‐up.

Conclusions

The social media–based, health literacy–sensitive diabetes management intervention was effective at mitigating the disadvantages faced by people with low health literacy when attempting to improve self‐care activation.

Clinical Relevance

Social media–based self‐management interventions accommodating low health literacy have the potential to help people overcome their disadvantages associated with low health literacy.
Role of Coping Styles in the Relationship Between Nurses’ Work Stress and Well‐Being Across Career
Authors: Jang Mi Heui , Gu So Yeon , Jeong Yoo Mi
Published: October 2019

Objectives

This study examines the mediating role of stress coping styles—problem‐focused coping and emotion‐focused coping—on the relationship between work stress and psychological well‐being in clinical nurses according to career experience.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey design was used. Data were collected from February to March 2016. The study population was composed of 399 nurses working at two university hospitals with over 500 beds located in Seoul and Gyeonggi‐do in South Korea. Self‐report questionnaires were administered to measure work stress (Work Stress Scale), stress coping styles (Korean version of The Ways of Coping Checklist Scale), and psychological well‐being (Ryff’s Psychological Well‐being Scale). A multiple‐group path analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0.

Results

In the path model analysis (N = 399), work stress directly influenced psychological well‐being. Both problem‐focused coping and emotion‐focused coping were indirectly influenced in the relationship between work stress and psychological well‐being. In the group of nurses with 3 years or less of career experience (n = 202), work stress was significantly related to psychological well‐being. Only emotion‐focused coping exerted a partial mediating effect on the relationship between work stress and psychological well‐being. On the other hand, in the group of nurses with over 3 years of career experience (n = 197), work stress was not significantly related to psychological well‐being. Both problem‐focused coping and emotion‐focused coping exerted a full mediating effect on the relationship between work stress and psychological well‐being.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

This study’s path analysis displayed a distinct pathway in the relationships among work stress, stress coping styles, and psychological well‐being between nurses with 3 years or less and nurses with over 3 years of experience. The intervention with decreasing work stress and emotion‐focused coping could be effective for nurses with less career experience, whereas the intervention with focusing on improving emotion‐ and problem‐focused coping could be effective for nurses with more career experience. The practical implications of the results suggest that nurses need different stress management programs according to their career experience, as the appropriate use of stress coping styles would improve the psychological well‐being of nurses as influenced by their work stress.
Improvements in satisfaction with skin after treatment of facial fine lines with VYC‐12 injectable gel: Patient‐reported outcomes from a prospective study
Authors: Ogilvie Patricia , Safa Marva , Chantrey Jonquille , Leys Christophe , Cavallini Maurizio , Niforos Francois , Hopfinger René , Marx Ann
Published: October 2019

Background

VYC‐12, a hyaluronic acid injectable gel, is designed to treat fine lines and provides improvements in other skin quality attributes. A prospective study demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of VYC‐12 for the improvement of fine lines as measured by changes in skin texture.

Aims

To evaluate patient‐reported outcomes in subjects treated intradermally with VYC‐12 in the cheeks, forehead, and neck (optional) in the prospective study.

Methods

Subjects received an initial treatment of VYC‐12 (N = 131), with a touch‐up treatment, if deemed necessary, offered 30 days later, and optional repeat treatment 9 months after initial or touch‐up treatment. Subjects completed the FACE‐Q Satisfaction With Skin scale and assessed willingness to recommend treatment to a friend at baseline, months 1, 4, 6, and 9, and month 1 after repeat treatment. Subjects also evaluated their return to normal daily social activities.

Results

Satisfaction with skin improved from baseline in 90.8% of subjects at month 1, 88.4% at month 4, 83.6% at month 6, 76.4% at month 9, and 91.9% at month 1 after repeat treatment (P < .001, all time points). At least 94% of subjects returned to normal daily social activities one day after treatment (initial, touch‐up, or repeat). More than 80% of subjects said they would recommend treatment to a friend at all time points through month 9 (97% at month 1 after repeat treatment).

Conclusion

Treatment with VYC‐12 significantly improved satisfaction with skin in the majority of subjects, with most subjects returning to normal activities 1 day after treatment.
Fructose metabolism as a common evolutionary pathway of survival associated with climate change, food shortage and droughts
Authors: Johnson R. J. , Stenvinkel P. , Andrews P. , Sánchez‐Lozada L. G. , Nakagawa T. , Gaucher E. , Andres‐Hernando A. , Rodriguez‐Iturbe B. , Jimenez C. R. , Garcia G. , Kang D.‐H. , Tolan D. R. , Lanaspa M. A.
Published: October 2019

Mass extinctions occur frequently in natural history. While studies of animals that became extinct can be informative, it is the survivors that provide clues for mechanisms of adaptation when conditions are adverse. Here, we describe a survival pathway used by many species as a means for providing adequate fuel and water, while also providing protection from a decrease in oxygen availability. Fructose, whether supplied in the diet (primarily fruits and honey), or endogenously (via activation of the polyol pathway), preferentially shifts the organism towards the storing of fuel (fat, glycogen) that can be used to provide energy and water at a later date. Fructose causes sodium retention and raises blood pressure and likely helped survival in the setting of dehydration or salt deprivation. By shifting energy production from the mitochondria to glycolysis, fructose reduced oxygen demands to aid survival in situations where oxygen availability is low. The actions of fructose are driven in part by vasopressin and the generation of uric acid. Twice in history, mutations occurred during periods of mass extinction that enhanced the activity of fructose to generate fat, with the first being a mutation in vitamin C metabolism during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction (65 million years ago) and the second being a mutation in uricase that occurred during the Middle Miocene disruption (12–14 million years ago). Today, the excessive intake of fructose due to the availability of refined sugar and high‐fructose corn syrup is driving ‘burden of life style’ diseases, including obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Understanding the Value of Patientview for Enabling Self‐Care Practice in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hudson Claire , Darking Mary , Cox Jane
Published: October 2019

Background

Individual responsibility and self‐care are seen as ways to overcome some of the challenges for long‐term health care provision. Patients are being encouraged to take an active role in their health care. Access to health information via a web‐based, patient‐facing portal is an innovative way to engage in self‐care. PatientView is one such portal, which was developed to allow patients with kidney disease access to parts of their health record. It was thought that the use of PatientView would improve self‐care activity but there was little evidence to support this claim.

Objective

To gain an understanding of how patients with kidney disease use PatientView in their self‐care practice.

Participants

Six users and four non‐users of PatientView.

Design

Qualitative, semi‐structured interviews and participant observation.

Approach

A practice‐based approach was used to collect qualitative data to better understand how patients use PatientView in daily life to enable self‐care. Participants were invited to “show the researcher” how they use PatientView and to describe how they translated the information into actions of self‐care. Inductive analysis was used to identify themes.

Results

The analysis identified four key themes, which were non‐linear inter‐related. Patients engage with PatientView because it supports ways of knowing that are of direct importance to self‐care activity. Patients interact with PatientView and translate the information they gain from using it into actions that support self‐care. A consequence of engaging with PatientView is that patients can involve their family more in their care and this helps to reduce the burden on health care professionals.

Conclusion

Patient interactions with PatientView are inter‐related, multi‐dimensional and differ according to the individual's positioning within a continuum of care. Nonetheless, these interactions can be captured and doing so provides a basis for understanding of how patients create and sustain opportunities for care through information technology.
From physical to emotional pain in chronic kidney disease: Nurses' perceptions
Authors: Pedreira Robles Guillermo , Aguayo‐González Mariela Patricia
Published: October 2019

Background

Changes in body image are a recurring theme in the literature on chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is insufficient evidence identifying nurses' perceptions of this topic.

Objective

To explore nurses' perceptions of changes in the bodies of persons with CKD.

Design

Phenomenological study.

Methods

Data were collected by semi‐structured interviews with nephrology nurses selected through pragmatic sampling until data saturation. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the seven phases of Colazzi.

Findings

Information saturation was achieved with six nurses. Coexisting elements were found between the physical and emotional impact of CKD, and therefore the data were organised into a central theme: “From physical to emotional pain in the individual's body”. This central theme was defined by seven subthemes that describe the coexistence of these two physical and emotional spheres, giving rise to the appearance of important meanings in the changes occurring in the bodies of individuals diagnosed with CKD. These meanings included stigma, dysfunctionality, emotional pain, the feeling of slavery, lack of information, taboo and hope.

Conclusions

In the nurses' perspective, the changes occurring in the bodies of people with CKD can transcend the physical sphere and acquire more complex meanings. Nurses have a unique insight into these complex meanings, which include all the domains of the person, and which have important implications for daily practice.

Implications for practic

Nurses should have specialised training in providing effective responses to patients' emotional needs. It is also important to incorporate professional profiles that support nursing interventions
Stream Algal Biofilm Community Diversity Along An Acid Mine Drainage Recovery Gradient Using Multimarker Metabarcoding
Authors: Wolf Daniel I. , Vis Morgan L.
Published: October 2019

In southeastern Ohio, active remediation of streams affected by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) has proven to be successful for some streams, while others have not recovered based on macroinvertebrate assessment. In this study, biofilms were collected from three Moderately Impaired, three Recovered, and two Unimpaired streams. The biodiversity was characterized by metabarcoding using two universal barcode markers (16S and 18S) along with two algal specific markers (UPA and rbcL) and high‐throughput amplicon sequencing. For each marker, the ordination of Bray–Curtis Index calculated from the total Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) present in each stream showed the Unimpaired and Recovered streams clustered, while Moderately Impaired streams were more distant. Focusing on the algal ASVs, the Shannon index for the rbcL, and UPA markers showed significantly lower alpha diversity in Moderately Impaired streams compared to Unimpaired streams, but the Recovered streams were not significantly different from the other two stream categories. The two universal markers together captured all algal phyla providing an outline of the diversity, but the two algal specific markers produced a greater number of ASVs and taxonomic depth for algal taxa. Further examination of the UPA marker revealed a drastic decrease in relative abundance of diatoms in Moderately Impaired streams compared to Recovered and Unimpaired streams. Likewise, diatom genera identified in the rbcL data and indicative of stream water quality showed marked differences in relative abundance among stream categories. Although all markers were useful, the algal‐specific UPA and rbcL contributed more insights into algal community differences among stream categories.
Exercise before bed does not impact sleep inertia in young healthy males
Authors: Vincent Grace E. , Sargent Charli , Roach Gregory D. , Miller Dean J. , Kovac Katya , Scanlan Aaron T. , Waggoner Lauren B. , Lastella Michele
Published: October 2019

Sleep inertia is the transitional state marked by impaired cognitive performance and reduced vigilance upon waking. Exercising before bed may increase the amount of slow‐wave sleep within the sleep period, which has previously been associated with increased sleep inertia. Healthy males (n = 12) spent 3 nights in a sleep laboratory (1‐night washout period between each night) and completed one of the three conditions on each visit – no exercise, aerobic exercise (30 min cycling at 75% heart rate), and resistance exercise (six resistance exercises, three sets of 10 repetitions). The exercise conditions were completed 90 min prior to bed. Sleep was measured using polysomnography. Upon waking, participants completed five test batteries every 15 min, including the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, a Psychomotor Vigilance Task, and the Spatial Configuration Task. Two separate linear mixed‐effects models were used to assess: (a) the impact of condition; and (b) the amount of slow‐wave sleep, on sleep inertia. There were no significant differences in sleep inertia between conditions, likely as a result of the similar sleep amount, sleep structure and time of awakening between conditions. The amount of slow‐wave sleep impacted fastest 10% reciprocal reaction time on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task only, whereby more slow‐wave sleep improved performance; however, the magnitude of this relationship was small. Results from this study suggest that exercise performed 90 min before bed does not negatively impact on sleep inertia. Future studies should investigate the impact of exercise intensity, duration and timing on sleep and subsequent sleep inertia.
Ear‐EEG‐based sleep scoring in epilepsy: A comparison with scalp‐EEG
Authors: Jørgensen Sofie D. , Zibrandtsen Ivan C. , Kjaer Troels W.
Published: October 2019

Ear‐EEG is a wearable electroencephalogram‐recording device. It relies on recording electrodes that are nested within a custom‐fitted earpiece in the external ear canal. The concept has previously been tested for seizure detection in epileptic patients and for sleep recordings in a healthy population. This study is the first to examine the use of ear‐EEG recordings for sleep staging in patients with epilepsy, comparing it with standard recordings from scalp‐EEG. We use individuals with epilepsy because of their multiple sleep disturbances, and their complex relationship between seizures and sleep, which make this group very likely to benefit from wearable electroencephalogram devices for sleep if it were introduced in the clinic. The accuracy of the ear‐EEG against that of the scalp‐EEG is compared for sleep staging, and we evaluate features of sleep architecture in individuals with epilepsy. A mean kappa value of 0.74 is found for the agreement between hypnograms derived from ear‐EEG and scalp‐EEG. Furthermore, it was discovered that sleep stage transition frequency could be contributing to the kappa variation. These findings are related to other ear‐recording systems in the literature, and the potentials and future obstacles of the device are discussed.
Nationalisms and the Orthodox worlds
Authors: Malešević Siniša
Published: October 2019

This review article explores the role nationalism has played in the world dominated by the Eastern Orthodox Churches. The focus is on the recent contributions of Paschalis Kitromilides who has written extensively on this topic. The article assesses the four books dealing with the relationship between religion, politics, Enlightenment and nationalism in the Balkans and Eastern Europe. The analysis emphasises the complex and contradictory relationship between nationalisms and the Orthodox Churches pointing to the profound transformation that has taken the place in this relationship over the last 250 years.
Association between oral candidiasis and bacterial pneumonia: A retrospective study
Authors: Nakajima Masato , Umezaki Yojiro , Takeda Satoshi , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Suzuki Nao , Yoneda Masahiro , Hirofuji Takao , Sekitani Hiroko , Yamashita Yuichi , Morita Hiromitsu
Published: October 2019

Objective

To investigate associated risk factors for oral candidiasis in elderly patients hospitalized in a community‐based acute‐care hospital with no dental units.

Methods

Two hundred and twenty‐eight elderly patients (male: 105, female: 123), who were hospitalized with several systemic diseases in a community‐based acute‐care hospital from May 2014 to October 2016, were retrospectively analysed by multiple logistic regression.

Results

Multiple logistic regression analysis shows that bacterial pneumonia has a statistically strong relationship with oral candidiasis (p = 0.000, OR: 5.173, 95% CI: 2.368–11.298). The order followed is poor oral hygiene (p = 0.001, OR: 6.095, 95% CI: 2.003–18.545) and severe dry mouth (p = 0.043, OR: 2.507, 95% CI: 1.031–6.098). Other correlated factors including diabetes mellitus, denture wearer, dysphagia, malnutrition, requiring care and use of inhalation steroids, were not statistically significant in this study.

Conclusions

Bacterial pneumonia correlates with oral candidiasis.
Home care services for older persons. The views of older persons and family members: A realistic evaluation
Authors: Sanerma Päivi , Paavilainen Eija , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi
Published: October 2019

Aims and objectives

The aim of the present study was to evaluate client‐centred care in older persons’ home care services from the perspective of older persons and family members. The following research questions were addressed: How do home care older persons and family members perceive client‐centered care in their home care services? What kind of social mechanisms are realized when home care services are implemented?

Background

Several older persons are dependent on home care services for their continued living at home. The fundamental value and best practice of home care is the client‐centred care in services.

Method

The research method was realistic evaluation. Six families with six older person clients of home care and seven family members were interviewed. In the present study, the interview contained three themes (1) content and services of the home care, (2) activities and practices of the home care and (3) development of client centredness in home care. Research data were analysed with deductive content analysis.

Results

Home care service should be based on analysis of older person's individual life situation. Social mechanisms such as interaction, participation, trust and adaptation are realised in implementation of home care services. The most significant outcomes of client‐centred service were timely availability of services, safe care relationship and continuity of care, ability to influence on own services and appropriate price of services. Significant factors in quality of service were unhurriedness, kindness and competence of professionals.

Implication for practice

Social mechanisms, such as participation, trust, adaptation and interaction, should be taken in account in care relationship in home care. Client centredness and methods for evaluating it should be defined in practical work. Client‐centeredness competence should also be included in all stages of professional education of home care.
Foliar disease resistant and productive mutants from the introgression lines of peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Joshi Pushpesh , Jadhav Mangesh P. , Shirasawa Kenta , Yadawad Arati , Bhat Ramesh S.
Published: October 2019

With an objective of developing the induced mutants for superior productivity and resistance to foliar diseases in peanut, two introgression lines (IL‐3 and IL‐4) derived from ABK genomes of peanut were subjected to gamma and sodium azide mutagenesis. Evaluation of M1, M2 and M3 generations could identify foliar disease resistant and productive mutants. Large‐scale evaluation of M4 mutants during the rainy season of 2017 confirmed the superiority of 12 mutants over the respective parents and the best check (GPBD 4). The selected mutants were resistant to leaf spots (early and late) and rust diseases, and significantly more productive than the parents and GPBD 4. ddRAD‐Sequencing of these mutants identified the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) when compared to their parents. The genes harbouring these structural mutations were also identified. However, no copy number variations (CNVs) were observed between the mutants and the parents. The selected mutants carried resistant‐type alleles at the marker loci linked to foliar disease resistance. These promising mutants (M8) are currently under initial trials of variety development for commercial release.
Ovine sperm DNA oxidation quantification using an 8‐OHdG immunodetection assay
Authors: Soria‐Meneses Pedro Javier , Jurado‐Campos Alejandro , Montoro Vidal , Soler Ana Josefa , Garde José Julián , Fernández‐Santos María del Rocío
Published: October 2019

Our aim was to optimize 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) immunodetection in order to detect DNA damage caused by oxidative stress that may not be detected by other DNA integrity analysis techniques, especially due to the high compaction of DNA in ruminants. Semen samples from 6 rams were cryopreserved. After thawing, samples were subjected to the DNA oxidation quantification using an 8‐OHdG immunodetection assay by flow cytometry. We have evaluated two different incubation times (30 min vs. overnight) at 4°C of the primary antibody (monoclonal anti‐8‐OHdG antibody). We have also compared the results of this technique with the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA®). The analysis revealed that there were no significant differences (p > .05) between different incubation times. However, overnight incubation seems to cause more non‐specific binding of the secondary antibody. Significant differences (p < .05) between subjects and oxidation controls (8 M H2O2/800 μM FeSO4•7H2O) were evident. We can conclude that the 8‐OHdG immunodetection assay for DNA oxidation quantification of ram sperm can be performed subjecting sperm samples to a very high oxidative treatment.
A new era in forest restoration monitoring
Authors: de Almeida Danilo R. A. , Stark Scott C. , Valbuena Ruben , Broadbent Eben N. , Silva Thiago S. F. , de Resende Angelica F. , Ferreira Matheus P. , Cardil Adrián , Silva Carlos A. , Amazonas Nino , Zambrano Angelica M. A. , Brancalion Pedro H. S.
Published: October 2019

Monitoring ecological restoration has been historically dependent on traditional inventory methods based on detailed information obtained from field plots. New paradigms are now needed to successfully achieve restoration as a large‐scale, long‐lasting transformative process. Fortunately, advances in technology now allow for unprecedented shifts in the way restoration has been planned, implemented, and monitored. Here, we describe our vision on how the use of new technologies by a new generation of restoration ecologists may revolutionize restoration monitoring in the coming years. The success of the many ambitious restoration programs planned for the coming decade will rely on effective monitoring, which is an essential component of adaptive management and accountability. The development of new remote sensing approaches and their application to a restoration context open new avenues for expanding our capacity to assess restoration performance over unprecedented spatial and temporal scales. A new generation of scientists, which have a background in remote sensing but are getting more and more involved with restoration, will certainly play a key role for making large‐scale restoration monitoring a viable human endeavor in the coming decade—the United Nations' decade on ecosystem restoration.
Mixing business with politics: Does corporate social responsibility end where lobbying transparency begins?
Authors: Favotto Alvise , Kollman Kelly
Published: October 2019

Scholars increasingly have argued that the future effectiveness and legitimacy of firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are dependent on more transparent forms of lobbying to ensure firms' policy positions are aligned with their CSR commitments. Very little empirical work, however, has systematically analyzed firms' lobbying disclosures or examined how these firms coordinate their lobbying and CSR activities. We address these empirical questions by analyzing the CSR reports of 150 corporations from Germany, the UK and the US over an 18‐year period and by conducting interviews with the CSR managers of these firms. We find that corporations have become more transparent about their public policy advocacy over time, thus acknowledging that lobbying is a CSR issue. For most firms, however, this commitment to transparency appears to be largely ceremonial. Few firms disclose the specific policy positions they advocate or sufficiently coordinate the work of their lobbying and CSR units to foster greater alignment of these activities. These modest changes in lobbying transparency appear to be driven by legitimacy concerns and, in a few instances, by governance gaps firms perceive to be relevant to their future business interests.