bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Experimental Analysis of Surface Wave Testing in the Rock-Filled Embankment Used Large Particles
Authors: Li Xia , Zhu Gen Qiao
Published: June 2012

The Rayleigh wave testing method is one of the in-situ nondestructive tests, which the theory is quite mature, and it characterized by portable equipment, well operability and fast detection speed. So it can greatly improve the efficiency of the compaction detection of the highway embankment, and it especially has incomparable advantage for the compaction quality detection and monitoring of earth-rock filled or rock filled embankment. In the paper, by the analysis of the field wave testing result of the rock-filled embankment, obtained the velocity of the rock-filled embankment, and researched the relationship of the field wave velocity and the dry density, the relationship of the field wave velocity and the porosity. The fitted formulas between the wave velocity and the dry density and porosity were established, and the results indicate there are well correspondences between the wave velocity and the dry density and porosity. The relationship of between porosity and the shear velocity of the rock-filled is a good linear correlation, and the relationship of between dry density and shear wave velocity of the rock-filled is a good power function relation.
Dynamic Response of Bridge Subjected to Moving Harmonic Load
Authors: Li Ke , Ji Jing
Published: June 2012

On the basis of typical theory on vibration analysis of the bridge and vehicles, by using the ANSYS software, a finite element model of the bridge is established. The character on dynamic response of bridge is analyzed when harmonic Loads with different frequencies pass through the bridge, and inner-force of bridge is given. The research will give beneficial rules for the vibration control of bridge under moving loads.
Integrated Design for High Performance Buildings: Principles and a Case Study
Authors: Tian Zhen
Published: June 2012

With a detailed case study building information, this paper introduced the interlocking four principles for high performance building energy design within the integrated design framework. The principles and case study provided designers guidance and an example for energy efficient building design.
The Study on Simulation Static Load Test Base on Flexibility Matrix
Authors: Zhang Xian Min , Gao Yan
Published: June 2012

Through the measured simply supported bridge's dynamic parameters, we can establish the finite element model of the structure.As the flexibility matrix can reflect the actual state of the bridge, making the actual measured flexibility matrix as a basis to inverse the bridge’s finite element model .Combined with the engineering practice static load test, we can assess the bearing capacity of the bridge according to inversion model bridge.
Internal Force Calculation Method of the Double-Curved Arch Bridge Reinforcement Based on Stress Superposition
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhou Xiao Rong , Li Bei
Published: June 2012

Increasing the section method is the commonest method in double-curved arch bridge reinforcement. In order to research on the force condition of main arch ring in double-curved arch bridge reinforcement, we use internal force superposition method and stress superposition method to deduce the stress distribution of arch ring, and make contrastive analysis on each construction stage in bridge reinforcement. Internal force superposition method is unsafe; the stress superposition meets the actual situation.
Support Design and Analysis of Cast - In Situ Prestressed Continuous Box Beam Bridge
Authors: Su Hui Feng , Liu Fu Chun
Published: June 2012

Based on DaZhangCun Grand Bridge across HejingYuncheng Highway’s specific conditions of DatongXian Passenger Dedicated Railway Line, construction method of group support and five segments pouring was designed. Support resistance during concrete placing and tension was analyzed by the software MIDAS/CIVIL and the mechanical behaviors of the bowl-scaffold support was identified while considering the gravity and construction load. Then targeted strengthening supports had been taken to ensure security.
Application of SCGM(1,1) Method in the Construction Monitoring and Control of Continuous Girder Bridges
Authors: Duan Bao Fu , Zhai Cheng Bo , Weng Xian He
Published: June 2012

This paper bases on building grey prediction model with the stress sequence of continuous beam bridge construction control section, discusses the application of the model in the construction control of the continuous beam bridge. SCGM (1, 1) dynamic model is based on test results of control cross-sections of Nanhe Bridge have been established for prediction, on the background of the construction of Nanhe Bridge, in Jiangsu province. The example shows that the prediction precision and adaptability of the model can achieve the requirements of the engineering construction, and the feasibility and adaptability of the construction control for bridge by using this model is validated to forecast the stress value in the practical construction control for a PC continuous bridge.
Research on the Influence of Web’s Shear Deformation on the Deflection of Composite Girder Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs in Construction
Authors: Zheng Shang Min , Yang Bing Wen , Wan Shui
Published: June 2012

In order to research the influence of web’s shear deformation on the deflection of composite girder bridge with corrugated steel webs in construction, the deflection calculation formulae considering shear deformation were deduced, which was to analyze the background engineering of Chuhe bridge deflection in different load conditions when it was in the maximum cantilever state. Finite element method analysis shows that the calculation formulae are credible and applicable, and also comparative study was done with practical measurement. Results show that the proportion of main deflection caused by shear deformation of web may reach 30% ~ 40%, and the deflection caused by shear deformation needs to be considered in the process of construction monitering.
Exact Radial Displacement Solutions of Curved Beams with Clamped-Clamped Ends
Authors: Li Xiao Fei , Yu Zhe Fu , Zhu Chun Yang , Chen Chen
Published: June 2012

Based on the principle of thermal expansion and theory of virtual work, a class of equations for in-plane displacements at radial direction and internal forces in the cross-section of statically indeterminate curved beams under radial concentrated load are derived explicitly. In the case of infinite limit of radius, these equations coincide with that of the straight beams. Compared with the results of FEM, the analytical solutions by the proposed formulae are accurate. The analytical solutions obtained in this paper would provide a scientific base for further study and design of the curved bridges.
The Preliminary Exploration of Building about Natural Draft, Natural Lighting, Renewable Energy Utilize in the Central Plains - Take the Green Demonstration Building of Zhengzhou Energy-Saving and Environmental Protection Industry Incubator Center as an Example
Authors: Wei Feng , Wang Xu , Han Xiao Yu
Published: June 2012

This article aimed to introduce a building design method to reduce energy-consumption, improve indoor comfort. The article discussed under the climate condition of the Central Plains area in China , the coefficient ventilation effect of double-roof and atrium, lighting effect of atrium’s skylight and impounding glass-wall, and the utilization of solar PV, wind power generation, biomass power generation, ground-source heat pump, solar air heater and other applications of renewable energy in building designs.
Assessment & Analysis of Service Performance for Small-Span Suspension Bridge with Steel Truss Girders
Authors: Sun Hao , Qian Yong Jiu , Zhang Fang
Published: June 2012

Most of the short span suspension bridges with steel truss girders early constructed will approach their design service life. Correctly evaluating the actual service performance is the basic basis of repairing, strengthening and technical reconstruction. First, load-bearing capacity evaluation based on static load test was briefly introduced. Then, combined with Chengnan bridge, the main existing damages and their causations of the bridge were summarized and analyzed. Based on the field detection datum and original design load grade, the finite element mode with some damages was established. Then, by analyzing the calculation results, the scheme of static load test was confirmed. Through comparing the static load test results with the results of upgraded finite element, the actual conditions of the existing bridge structure were evaluated. In order to resume its load-bearing capacity, some of measurements and suggestions of strengthening were proposed.
Externally Prestressed Steel Box Girder Bridge
Authors: Yang Jing Nan , He Xiong Jun , Yang Xiao Cheng
Published: June 2012

With a small cross section, a light deadweight and a convenient replaceable tendon, externally prestressed bridges have many special traits compared with other bridges. With a practical case, this paper analyzes the design of externally prestressed steel box girder bridges, which contains the bridge span, beam construction, externally prestressed layout, substructure and construction programs. Through economic, social analysis, discusses the prospects for the application of external prestressing structure .
Maintenance Strategies of Historical Bridges in China
Authors: Wang Zhi Feng , Dai Gui Hua
Published: June 2012

In China a large number of bridges built in 1960s and 1970s are still in operation. They went through several decades of intense heat and cold winter, water scouring, and accelerated load-increasing, which will lead to the deterioration of the structure. They are in the need of maintenance, reinforcement and transformation. The bridge assessment, maintenance, reinforcement and strengthening for the safety and reliability of existing bridges had attracted the attention of researchers. It’s essential to reinforce the old bridges with appropriate designs and construction technologies to improve its load-carrying capacity and extend the service life to meet the requirements of the current transportation. This paper first introduced China’s current situation and existing problems of the bridges. Then the strengthening methods and techniques for the existing damaged bridges are presented. The conclusions and future prospects are finally given.
Analysis on Stability and Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Steel Truss Arch Bridge
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Xing Rui , Yang Gang , Zhang Ai Feng
Published: June 2012

Based on the secondary development of ANSYS, a through-type steel truss arch bridge is modeled, and the most unfavorable position of live load for each concerning location of the bridge is determined by using the influence lines program self-developed with parametric language. Linear elastic stability analysis of the whole bridge is firstly conducted, and followed by calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of the bridge with the consideration of geometrical and material nonlinearity of structure. By analyzing the buckling modes and safety coefficients of two types of stability problems, and comparing the linear elastic and nonlinear stability analysis results, the first type stability analysis, as a non-conservative method, is found to be suitable for ideal structures; the second stability analysis is found to be completely different from the first stability analysis, with different buckling mode and lower stability coefficient. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ultimate carrying capacity of structures should be determined based on the second stability analysis.
Full-Scale Dynamic Testing of Qingshui River Bridge
Authors: Yang Jian Rong , Bai Yu , Su He Xian , Lai Zheng Cong
Published: June 2012

Both ambient vibration testing and vehicle impact testing are carried out on a concrete multi-girder bridge. Ambient vibration testing is relatively easier to conduct and can provide detailed vibrating information of the structure. However vehicle impact testing is indispensable to obtain the impact factor of the traffic load. The measured vibration frequencies compare well to those of calculated values. This means that the finite element model may enable good predictions of the actual behavior of the bridge.
Analysis of Dynamic Performance Testing of Bridge Based on Finite Element and Dynamic Load Test
Authors: Lu Zhi Gang , Li Guo Jian , Jiang Wen Wu
Published: June 2012

Using the Jianninxia Bridge as the experiment object, we set dynamic loading test on it, and did theoretical analysis on its natural vibration characteristics by using large-scale general finite-element software. After the comparative analysis between the collected datas and the theoretical analysis datas, we find that the measurement of the natural vibration frequency is greater than the theoretical analysis value; and the measured value of impact coefficient is less than the theoretical value; therefore, it indicates that this bridge’s actual structural rigidity is greater than its theoretical rigidity, but lack of the impact resistance.
The Influence of the Strong Aftershocks on Seismic Performance on Long-Span Arch Bridges Based on the Energy Method
Authors: Gong Yong Lian , Liu Ai Rong , Yu Qi Cai
Published: June 2012

Equivalent seismic wave can be formed by a main wave and two strong aftershock waves on the basis of energy equivalent principle. With a long-span arch bridge as a research object, the hysteretic energy distribution of the pier and arch were got by the action of the main wave and equivalent seismic wave based on energy method. And then the situation of bridge damage was assessed by Seismic Ditao Niu damage index, the regular pattern of structure damage affected by strong aftershock was revealed as well.
Research on the Fatigue Design Load of Orthotropic Steel Box Girder for Long Span Suspension Bridge
Authors: Chen Ce , Ji Bo Hai
Published: June 2012

Traffic composition and the vehicle load were statistically analyzed and a fatigue vehicle load model was established according to the law of equivalent fatigue damage. Based on the MATLAB programming language and the Statistics Toolbox, vehicle fatigue load spectrum was simulated for accurately assessing actual fatigue stress of existing bridge under traffic loading. And the fatigue load could be used in the design for suspension bridge steel box girder.
Structural Characteristics of FRP-Concrete Bridge Deck System
Authors: Li Fan , Wang Rong Xia , Chen Shun Wei , Zhou Jian Bin
Published: June 2012

This paper describes the structural forms for hybrid FRP-concrete highway bridge deck. This bridge deck is applid in a project, which involved the implement of FRP-concrete deck over prestress concrete girders. In this project three forms of FRP reinforcing were combined to reinforce the concrete deck. This paper introduced another stiffened FRP deck panels connecte with the FRP composite girders in the steel-free FRP-composite modular bridge system. It is shown that the combination of FRP meterial and concrete for bridge deck is recommended in the design of highway bridge.
Error Sensibility Analysis of Finite Element Model of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridge
Authors: Shao Yuan , Sun Zong Guang
Published: June 2012

Error sensibility analysis of finite element model is widely used to obtain high-accuracy model, which is very important for structure simulation, damage identification and health diagnosis. ANSYS finite element software is used to build the initial model of three-span concrete-filled steel tubular arch bridge, and calculate the dynamic and static response value which is the basic compare parameters. Impact of different modeling factors to local dynamic and static response value of model is researched and the sensitivity of each response error to different modeling factors is summarized. In all the factors of modeling, the most important factor influencing the dynamic and static response of this bridge is the synergy between steel tubular and concrete. The result can be the reference when the concrete filled steel tubular arch bridge model is built.
Fracture Feature and Failure Cause Analysis of Cable Wire on Bridges
Authors: Deng Chu Han
Published: June 2012

Cable wire is characterized by light weight and high strength and is widely applied in long span bridges. However, steel cable wire is vulnerable to fatigue and corrosion, which has been proved to be true through collapses of several bridges because of cable failure. This paper will the following 4 types of the fractures of steel wire: cone-shaped fracture, serrated fracture, cup-shaped fracture and step-like fracture to explore failure cause of cable wire. This paper also illustrates the fracture feature respectively and failure causes considering environmental and loading condition of cable.
A Discussion on the Whole-Life Monitoring Mode of Large Bridge from Construction to Operation
Authors: Zhou Jian Ting , Chen Yue , Huang Shan
Published: June 2012

Considering that the health monitoring system and construction monitoring system are not combined flexibly, the whole life monitoring model is conceived. That method is based on data dependence analysis of pre-buried and table-posted sensor, at the same time, correction of monitoring data is also taken into consideration. All the works focus on the research about collaborative work mode of monitoring data from pre-buried and table-posted sensor. This achievement brings so many benefits, firstly, it makes dead loads and living loads are considered together. Secondly, it brings new ideas to guarantee the safety of large bridges in construction or operation. Thirdly, the research results are embodied fully in the engineering practice of Nujiang Bridge.
Translation-Torsion Coupling Analysis on Skew Bridge
Authors: Lu Ming Qi , Cao Xiang Zong , Guo Shao Qin
Published: June 2012

In the earthquakes, the skew bridge is subjected to bending shear and torsion at the same time, and at present, the studies on it are inadequate at home and abroad. In this paper, the numerical analysis model of the skew bridge was simplified, the effects what the three parameters (including stiffness ratio, skew angle, and eccentricity) make on the dynamic characteristics of skew bridge were obtained by the eigenvalue analysis, and especially, the effects on the translation-torsion coupling vibration of skew bridge and its mechanism were focused on. The results show that the three parameters have effects on the translation-torsion coupling of the skew bridge.
Dynamic Characteristic Analysis Considering of Pile-Soil-Superstructure Interaction Based on Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Cao Jing
Published: June 2012

This article sets up two structural calculation models utilizing lumped mass method, and using MIDAS software: model A and model B. It proves that considering soil-pile-structure interaction has extremely vital significance in seismic response design of long-span cable-stayed bridge.
Vibration Analysis of a Beam with Multiple Cracks
Authors: Xiao Chang Li , Xu Ling Ling
Published: June 2012

A new method for the natural frequency analysis of a beam with multiple transverse cracks has been carried out. The method is called reverse modal analysis in this paper. The strain energy density function is used to evaluate the additional flexibility produced due to the presence of crack. Based on the flexibility, a new stiffness matrix is deduced and subsequently that is used to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cracked beam. It has been established that the crack depths and their positions have an important effect on its dynamic behavior. The analysis of the crack structure is done using finite element and experimental analysis. The results from numerical analysis are compared with the results from the experimental method for validation. The results are found to be in good agreement.
Vertical Crack Moment Test Research on Prestressed Concrete Hollow Slab due to Repeated Load
Authors: Zhao Wen Xiu , Lu Ping , Wu Hai Jun , Zhou Zhi Xiang
Published: June 2012

Prestressed concrete hollow slab bridge is widely applied in the highway bridge in our country, this paper shows that the crack moment decreases when loading time increases through the test of 30 m span real bridge under plate repeatedly loading, and get the calculation formula of crack moment again. The discipline between the crack width with loading process is also explored the conclusion is helpful to understand load cracking behavior under repeatedly loading and damage accumulation and performance of bridges.
Simplified Analysis of Longitudinal Stiffened Plates in a Continuous Steel Box Girder Bridge
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yuan Zhuo Ya , Liu Shi Zhong , Yang Zi Jiang , Shi Xiong Wei
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates the thin-walled box girder bridges with large width-to-span ratios through both experimental and numerical studies. For the complexity of the bridge, different discrete models are presented in the analyzing of the longitudinal stiffened plate. In addition, a large-scale Plexiglas model is tested under different loading cases. The simplified simulation of the computation results compared well with the experimental results. It is illustrated that it is an effective method to predict properties of this kind of bridges.
Calculation of Load Lateral Distribution for Hinged Slab Bridge with Different Stiffness between Outside Slabs and Inside Slabs
Authors: Zhou Hai Long , Shen Xiang Dong , Zhang Tian Yu
Published: June 2012

Based the hinged slab bridge theory and fundamental of structural mechanics, calculation formulas of load lateral distribution are deduced for hinged slab bridge with different rigidity between outside slabs and inside slabs, which make the hinged slab theory more perfect. Finally, a practical example is calculated and its results are compared with the results calculated by Equivalent Stiffness Method.
Simulation of Air Temperature in an Under-Bridge Storehouse
Authors: Xiao Han , Ding Yong , Wang Xin Tang
Published: June 2012

In this paper, one certain space under bridge which was used as a storehouse has been simulated numerically. The flow was considered turbulent and buoyant. A simple geometry was adopted, consisting of a room with a door that plays the role of inlet and another of outlet for the air. Four bundles of wood burners which considered as a volumetric heat source were placed evenly in the space. The problem was simulated by using the RNG K-ε turbulence model, modified to account for buoyancy effects. Several useful results were obtained.
Test Study on the Influence of Periodical Temperature Stress on the Loss of Structural Prestress
Authors: Li Xi , Cai Ting Ting , Gu An Bang
Published: June 2012

In order to study the prestress loss of the periodical temperature stress on the structure, this test has carried out the temperature stress analysis of 4-piece prestressed rectangular columns. The test takes Baiguodu Bridge in Chongqing Municipality as the supporting engineering to simulate the continuous effect of annual temperature change, for the measurement of prestress loss of the concrete structure. The study has shown that: prestress loss from periodical temperature change exists, and in the present, the design has insufficient estimation on this loss.
Design Theory for Speed Control Based on Visual Rhythm for Long Stretches of Freeway
Authors: Zhang Zi Pei , Zhu Shun Ying , Wang Hong , Liu Bing
Published: June 2012

This paper analyzed the expressive form and the formation principle of driver’s visual rhythm in the process of driving. Combined with the design model for speed control in straight line section, it proposed the design theory for speed control for long stretches of freeway by using the feature of visual rhythm. Using the 3Ds MAX, the video simulating car moving process on the long stretches of freeway was made in which visual rhythm was a key manipulative parameter. The SSES (Stimulation of Subjectively Equal Speed) was the index of this simulation experiment. Seven males and three females took part in the experiments. The demonstration experiment indicated that the design theory based on visual rhythm can ensure participants regularly maintain a high SSES.
An Overview of the Usage of Adaptive Signal Control System in the United States of America
Authors: Zhao Yi , Tian Zong
Published: June 2012

The primary objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art and state-of-the practice of ATCSs. The review focuses on the following major aspects: (1) commonly deployed ATCSs in the U.S. and other countries; (2) features and functions of different ATCSs; and (3) evaluation studies based on field tests or laboratory simulation. According to the published literature, the majority of system deployments resulted in significantly improved traffic operations compared to traditional time-of-day coordination plans. Besides, based on the number of system deployments, SCOOT has the largest world-wide deployments, while SCATS has the largest U.S. deployments. Considering the costs of the deployment, ACS Lite was the lowest, while SCOOT was the highest.
Design of Intelligent Vehicle Security and Immobilization System
Authors: Huang Xiao Feng , Zou Hao Jie , Ten Jun Ling , Chen You Liang
Published: June 2012

An integrated system is proposed of base station module, key module and tire modules, in order to overcome the independence of tire pressure monitor system, remote keyless entry and immobilization of engine. Tire modules or key module communicate base station module with UHF frequency signal of 434MHZ. The transponder PCF7961 in key module and PJF7992 in base station module authenticate mutually with LF frequency signal of 125KHZ. The result is shown that the system can improve the security and controllability of cars, compress system redundancy, reduce produce costs and optimize the skeleton network.
Comparative Study on Indoor Air Quality Evaluation Method
Authors: Leng Xing Yang , Jiang Ping
Published: June 2012

This paper reviewed six kinds of indoor air quality (IAQ) evaluation methods, by which the same IAQ status were evaluated. Besides, the relations and distinctions of six methods were also analyzed. The results indicate that the evaluation results of different methods on the same sample are not identical. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, pollution loss rate method and comprehensive index method are relatively accurate, and improved grey relational analysis method has the largest error.
An Extended Car-Following Model in a Multi-Interaction Driving System
Authors: Tuo Man Xian
Published: June 2012

An extended traffic flow model is proposed by introducing the multiple information of preceding cars. The linear stability condition of the extended model is obtained, which shows that the stability of traffic flow is improved by considering the interaction of preceding cars to the following car. Numerical simulation shows that the traffic jams are suppressed efficiently by taking into account the multiple information of the preceding cars.
Research of Signalized Intersection Delay Model by Using Optimization Method
Authors: Chang Yu Lin , Zhou Yuan Yuan
Published: June 2012

By using optimization method, this paper has set up vehicle delay models of signalized intersection which based on vehicle average delay minimum, each phase remain time equal and each phase remain time balance. By using a real intersection’s geometry and traffic flow data, this paper has also set up the phase time with the above models, studied the results and evaluated these models
The Design and Implement of the Video Monitoring System Based on WinCE
Authors: Yu Yuan Hui , Li Yong Mei , Deng Ying
Published: June 2012

WinCE is the foundation of Microsoft embedded, mobile computing platform, it is an open, can be upgraded 32-bit embedded operating system, and it is an electronic equipment operating system based on handheld computers. This paper designed a kind of video monitoring system based on WinCE embedded operating system and ARM9 processor core. The system can collect video information by camera, and then transmit the getting information to the remote server to monitor, the experiment result shows that the system has a good stability and real-time.
Requirements Analysis on the Highway Emergency Resource Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Ge Tao
Published: June 2012

In order to allocate the highway emergency resources rationally, with the timeliness, importance, scarcity and capital occupancy of the emergency supplies used as evaluation indexes, this paper use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each index, and use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the emergency resource demands. The paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of resource requirements for highway emergency resources ,such as the highway patrol car, sweeper truck, fire engines, medical vehicles and wrecker. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the results are rational,effective and more consistent with reality, on which can be based in emergency resource allocation.
Inventory-Transportation Integrated Optimization Problem
Authors: Pei Ying Mei , Ye Chun Ming , Liu Li Hui
Published: June 2012

In view of typical many-one distribution network in the modern distribution logistics system, the mathematic model on the inventory-transportation integrated optimization problem with stochastic demand and diversified products was established by using a bi-level programming method. Both decisions of inventory control and transportation arrangement were made at the same time. An improved heuristic algorithm was proposed to divide the integration problem into both problems of the inventory and the transportation: the cost were distributed by the former according to different products and the optimized cost was sought out by the latter according to different periods, thus the inventory-transportation integrated optimization problem was solved through the repeated iteration between the former and the latter. The mathematic description and the heuristic algorithm to the massive practice of the modern distribution logistics system are realized.
Research on Optimization Model of Taxi-Carpooling Expenses
Authors: He Feng , Qiu Xin , Yang Qing , Chen Jiong Di , Yu Hai Qi
Published: June 2012

In order to solve cost-sharing problems for taxi-carpooling passengers, the optimization model of sharing taxi-carpooling expenses was established taking both taxi-driver and passengers’ benefits into fully consideration. Based on the fact that passengers would pay for their own share in proportion, the optimization model was made with the objective function aiming at minimum consumption of time and money. In view of its features, the theoretical model was further developed comparing expenses in theory with that under existing conditions. The results show that this optimization model of sharing taxi-carpooling expenses can meet the need of both passengers and taxi driver. Moreover, the research findings will provide a firm technical support and guarantee for a satisfactory solution to cost-sharing problems on taxi-carpooling.
Research on the Influence of Natural Factors to Ro-Ro Passenger Ship in Weihai-Dalian Route and Countermeasures
Authors: Zhang An Xi , Qi Feng Zhi
Published: June 2012

The Weihai-Dalian route is a busy route, in which many ro-ro passenger ships sail. It takes an important part in the economy development of North China. Based on the special weather conditions and geographical conditions, some statistical data are analyzed to find the elements which can influence the navigation safety, and problems in weather forecast. Some countermeasures are put forward to ensure the safety of navigation.
A Comparison of Detailed and Simple Building Energy Analysis Tools for Eco–Friendly Office Building Design
Authors: No Sang Tae , Kim Jae Yeob
Published: June 2012

The main objective of this study is to present low energy building and design process using building energy analysis tools, designing a practical office building. EnergyPlus and ECO2 were selected as primary and second tools. The peak heating and cooling load of the designed office building were simulated by EnergyPlus. And the peak load values were applied to ECO2 as HVAC and plant system's capacity. The second objective of this study is to investigate the tendency of simulation results by ECO2 using various input parameters, because ECO2 is a newly proposed energy rating tool for office building by KICT. The passive and active parameters were selected, such as U-factor, shading, orientation, system capacity, and so on. The primary energy usages were calculated by ECO2 and the results and their tendency were analyzed.
The Analysis of Urban Ecological Wetland
Authors: Zeng Zhong Zhong , Xia Hai Shan
Published: June 2012

Problems caused by urbanization such as inadequate water content in urban foundation, ecological unbalance in the soil and heat island effect, have become issues that people pay great attention to. Two projects, cited as being successful in integrating urban landscape planning and wetland ecology, are the Water Garden in Portland, USA, and the Living Water Garden in Chengdu, China. Artificial wetland is effective to establish urban ecology. It may not only solve the problem of urban water crisis, but also bring a series of good eco- environmental effects, such as to conserve groundwater, regulate climate, extend green areas, purify air, beautify city and even effectively control flood damages, and etc.
Study on Urban Lake Ecosystem Health Assessment
Authors: Chen Wei Guo
Published: June 2012

The properties of urban lake ecosystem considered, the index system for its health assessment is built with the pressure-state-response model framework put forward by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The comprehensive index weights are determined with improved analytic hierarchy process and entropy value method. The model based on fuzzy optimum selection theory is used to assess health state of urban lake ecosystem. The application of this model in Lake Dongchang is given as an example. The states of its ecosystem health are assessed. The results conform basically to the reality.
The Research of Ecological Environment of Zhangjiakou in the Construction of the Circle of Green Economy Around the Capital
Authors: He Yan Qing , Shi Wei Li , Li Jian Fei
Published: June 2012

Ecological environment problems of Zhangjiakou area in the construction of the circle of green economy around the capital were analyzed; It was proposed to solve these problems in the improvement of ecological environment in Zhangjiakou, and development plans and measures for cracking those problems are analyzed and discussed.
A Study to Assess Shade in Tainan City for Thermal Comfort
Authors: Lee Soen Han , Yan Bin Feng , Sun Chen Yi , Chou Wen Wen , Lin Jing Zhe
Published: June 2012

This study examined “EEWH-HI” standards of shade in Tainan, and used rain and the sun as indicators to verify The Plan of Good Looking Corner to improve urban thermal comfort levels on the roads. The Plan of Good Looking Corner in Tainan was ran by the Tainan City Government for schools, offices, green spaces, squares, communities, and other public spaces, to create corners of green in order to beautify and improve the overall urban landscape. This study selected 173 locations to conduct assessments for shade indicators from the rain and sun. Statistical analysis, ANOVA, Regression Analysis, and the Correlation Coefficient method were applied to clarify the impact factor effects of urban shade and thermal comfort to prepare final recommendations.
Study on Domestic Sewage Treatment with Rotating Biological Contactor
Authors: Li Fang , Qi Zeng Lu
Published: June 2012

This paper adopted a 3-stage rotating biological contactor (RBC), while the operating parameters could be controlled properly, this kind of RBC can obtain better removal effect in domestic sewage treatment. At 25oC, when hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 4h ,6h,8h,10h and 12h ,removal rate of COD is 65.14%,86.10%,89.82%,85.93% and 78.58%.HRT fixes on 8h, removal rate of NH3 –N is 75% after adjusting alkalinity. When rotating rate of RBC is 4,6,8,10,12 and 14 r/min, the removal rate of TN is 53.88%,56.78%,60.03%,58.49%,55.32% and 54.87%.RBC also has a good removal efficiency of TP and obtains the removal rate of TP 45%.There is good prospect in domestic sewage treatment with RBC.
Study of the Migration Characteristics of Iron Ion in Laterite in Water
Authors: Huang Ying , Liu Peng , Jin Ke Sheng , Zhang Zu Lian , Fu Bi Chang
Published: June 2012

The migration characteristics of iron ions in laterite in water can reflected by change characteristics of iron ion concentration in water solution. Its migration ability depends on itself features of laterite and the effect of external environment. The results show that, the migration ability of iron ion in laterite were weakened with increasing of compaction energy and extending of immersion times, were strengthed with increasing of moisture content and temperature. The effect of compaction energy is least, the effect of temperature is maximum, the effect of moisture content is between them. Its migration process is that iron ion of adsorption in laterite particles surface were dissolved and migrated into process of the water solution. Its migration mechanism can explained from water environmental balance and temperature balance and ion concentration balance. The results changed the migration characteristics of iron ion in laterite at different influencing factors.
Research on the Shape of Oxidation Ditch Diversion Wall
Authors: Liu Y. L. , Lv B. , Wei W.L.
Published: June 2012

Diversion wall can improve bend flow patterns in an oxidation ditch. In this paper, a non-equal thickness diversion wall was proposed, and studied by numerical simulation method. The simulated velocity field of the new shape of oxidation ditch diversion wall was compared with that of the common shape diversion wall under the same boundary conditions, which shows that the new shape can better improve the bend flow patterns in an oxidation ditch, and reduce the size of the backflow area and increase the high-velocity region in the channel.
Potential Retrofitting of Existing Campus Buildings to Green Buildings
Authors: Zakaria Rozana Binti , Foo Kian Seng , Zin Rosli Mohammad , Yang Jay , Zolfagharian Samaneh
Published: June 2012

Green building is building that the focus is to maximize the energy efficiency and resources used. While, retrofitting is the process of renovate or refurnish the existing building. Therefore by retrofit existing buildings that comply with green building requirement, it improves the environmental attributes of the buildings. In Malaysia, existing buildings and its communities contribute over 40% of green house gases to the environment. This paper describes a study that explores the potential to retrofit existing campus buildings that response to sustainable green building standard. A validation survey was carried out and the data collected was analysed using SPSS in order to confirm the significance of retrofitting Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) buildings toward green building initiative. The results show that all the twenty eight identified green elements recorded average index of higher than 3.5 which means that there is significant needs to retrofit the existing buildings to green buildings. This study concludes that it is urgently need for the campus to response to green building requirements in order to achieve higher energy effeciency and this can be done through effective etrofitting of existing buildings.
An In Situ Acid Wastewater Treatment Equipment for Laboratory
Authors: Wang X. M. , Huang T. L. , Guo X. C. , Wang F. L.
Published: June 2012

The random discharge status of acid wastewater in laboratory is a potential hazard to the municipal drainage system, wastewater treatment system and water resources. In this paper, an in-situ acid wastewater treatment equipment for laboratory is suggested. It is composed of an acid wastewater tank, an alkali wastewater tank, a neutralization tank, a washing gas box, pipes and other accessories. It can make the best use of the alkali wastewater produced in the laboratory to deal with the acid wastewater on site. The neutralization reaction takes place in the neutralization tank, and the solution reacted couldn’t be discharged into the indoor drainage pipeline until its pH qualifies the standard. Through the sludge discharge pipe, the deposits can be collected individually, and then be hurtlessly treated and reused. Meanwhile, through the washing gas box the waste gas is decontaminated and discharged into atmosphere. So it can not only reduce the environmental pollution but also lower the treatment cost which corresponds with the idea of green laboratory. This equipment has the economical, practical, and workable property. Not only that, through a reasonable transformation, it is also suitable for other kinds of wastewater, so it has a certain technical populization value.
Study of the Inorganic Ion Exchanger Li3Mn0.25Ti0.5O3
Authors: Jiang Jin He
Published: June 2012

Inorganic ion exchanger (Li3Mn0.25Ti0.5O3) with an inverse spinel structure was synthesized by solid state reaction crystallization method. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The acid treated samples had an ion exchange capacity of 9.2mmol/g for Li+.
Synthesis of Li+ Memorized Spinel Li3Mn0.75O3 by a Solid State Reaction Crystallization Method
Authors: Jiang Jin He
Published: June 2012

The ion-exchanger Li3Mn0.75O3 of spinel type was prepared by a solid state reaction crystallization method. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The acid treated samples had an ion exchange capacity of 8.3mmol/g for Li+.
Experimental Research on Dynamic Evaluation Method for Scale Inhibitors of Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ni , Li Xian Min
Published: June 2012

This paper describes a novel laboratory technique for characterizing the scale inhibitors performance of reverse osmosis. The experiment was carried out by operating the RO system in a once-through flow mode which was operated by continuous withdrawal of concentrate and permeate. The concentration ratio of reverse osmosis system is calculated by mass or flow or volume of permeate and concentrate. The performance of scale inhibitors was evaluated according to the scale ion concentration of concentrate. The results showed that the method can screen out the performance of anti-scalants quickly and with low error.
Study on Lamellar Structures and Parameters of Polyethylene Hollow Fiber Membranes Made by Melt-Spinning and Stretching Method
Authors: Shao Fei Fei , Zhang Yu Feng , Meng Jian Qiang , Liu Zhen
Published: June 2012

Lamellas important for micropores were well formed during extrusion and annealing process in melt-spinning and stretching method. This unusual crystalline structure and its changing during annealing and stretching process were well studied in term of lamellar size, lamellar crystallite orientation, degree of lamellar and observation of morphology. Lamellar and microfibril model was accepted as mechanism of making micropore for this process. Gas permeability and porosity testing experimental were used to characterize membrane properties.
The Effect of Carbon Particle-Size on N-Doped Carbon Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Shi Xin Xin , Feng Yu Jie , Liu Jia , Yang Qiao , Ren Nan Qi
Published: June 2012

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a new technology that combines wastewater treatment and bioenergy production. Platinum, as a commonly used catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in MFC, has hindered the development of MFC as the result of its high-cost. Consequently, developing effective and low-cost catalysts for ORR has aroused extensive research interest. The particle size effect is known to play an important role for catalyst. Three kinds of carbon powders with different grain sizes were chosen to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon powder (NDCP) as a low-cost catalyst for oxygen reduction in MFCs. The result showed that particle-size effect might be attributed to morphological changes of the relative concentration of surface atoms and nitrogen functional groups. As a result, the power density of NDCP with carbon 8000 mesh (739.2 mW m-2) was much higher than another two catalysts by 40% (carbon 10000 mesh, 413.1 mW m-2) and 60% (carbon 3000 mesh, 248.5 mW m-2). In addition, carbon 8000 mesh exhibited a bit higher coulombic efficiency than carbon 10000 mesh and carbon 3000 mesh.
The Application of Nanofiltration Technology in Recovery of Ionic Liquids from Spinning Wastewater
Authors: Liu Xi , Wang Wei
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the effects of the concentration, temperature, and run-time of ionic liquids solution, on the rejection capacity of home-made hollow fiber composite nanofiltration membrane were studied. Then the nanofiltration membrane was used to the recover ionic liquids by concentrating spinning wastewater. The results shows that: The rejection rate of the composite nanofiltration membranes and its water fluxes lightly down with the concentration of ionic liquids increase; with running-time and temperature of ionic liquid solution increase, the rejection rate of the composite nanofiltration membranes decreases, but its water flux increases; the nanofiltration membrane can be use for recovering ionic liquid from the spinning wastewater and get very good recovery effects.
Mobility of Metals from Fly Ashes and its Potential Impact on Surface Water Quality in Guizhou Province, Southwestern China
Authors: Liu Fang , Luo Hai Bo , Zhu Jian , Yuan Ju
Published: June 2012

In order to evaluate the impacts of metals mobility from fly ashes on surface water quality, the dissolved metals concentrations in the stream and pond waters nearby fly ash piles were investigated at the thermal power plant regions in central Guizhou Province, and batch leaching or column leaching tests for the fly ashes were performed. The results shown that the most mobile of the metals leached were Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd from fly ashes and the concentrations of the metals in leachate solutions increased with the amount of fly ashes, and high concentrations of Pb (0.040~0.886 mg L−1), Cr (0.025~0.315 mg L−1) and Cd (0.007~0.052 mg L−1) in the leachates from fly ashes, and then there is an mobility of dissolved metals to the surface waters impacted by the runoff or leaching water. In thermal power plant areas, the concentrations of Pb, Cr and Cd in the stream waters and the pond waters nearby fly ash piles were 0.024~0.374 mg L−1, 0.030~0.212 mg L−1 and 0.014~0.035 mg L−1, respectively, as indicated by high concentrations of Pb, Cr and Cd, making it unsuitable for human drinking, suggesting a environmental problem of runoff or leaching water from fly ash pile in those areas.
Treatment of Excess Sludge Containing Heavy Metal by Chemical Ways
Authors: Zhang Zhi Min
Published: June 2012

The concentration of heavy metals in excess sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants has restricted its convertion to soil fertilizer, so it is necessary to remove the heavy metals from sludge. In this article, the effects of heavy metal removal by some mineral acids such as HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, HNO3 were analysed, when treating excess sludge from a second sediment tank in municipal wastewater treatment plants. To improve the treatment, a combination of H2O2 and acid was also investigated. Consequently, the difference of heavy metal removal among those acids was showed. Its removal of Hg by HNO3 was better than by other acids. Lower pH enhanced the dissolving of heavy metal, yet the removal of Cr was insensitive to the pH. Aided by H2O2, the removal by the acid was enhanced. The suitable dosage of H2O2 was specially related to the solid content of sludge, pH and the acid kind.