bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PERUBAHAN ELEVASI (HEAD) DAN KUOTA PEMAKAIAN AIR DAM BILIBILI TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA TURBIN AIR PADA PLTA BILIBILI
Authors: Musa La Ode , Rahman Abdul , Ardiansyah Andi , Hairuddin Hairuddin
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui unjuk kerja Turbin Air PLTA Bilibili dengan indikator yaitu Efesiensi dan Capacity Factor (CF). Metode yang digunakan adalah pengambilan data Kuota air atau debit (Q), Head (H) dan Daya keluaran Generator kemudian dilakukan analisa data. Periode pengambilan data dari bulan Juni 2014 sampai dengan Juni 2015. Selama periode pengambilan data, debit tertinggi 45 m3/s dan terendah 6,4 m3/s sedangkan nilai elevasi tertinggi 99,4 mdpl dan terendah 85,8 mdpl. Efesiensi Turbin #1 berada diantara 0,669% sampai dengan 0,881% dan untuk #2 diantara 0,678% sampai dengan 0,916%. Indikator Capacity Factor, #1 berada pada nilai 6,8% sampai dengan 98% dan #2 berada pada nilai 7,7% sampai dengan 100%. Capacity Factor untuk PLTA Bilibili secara kumulatif adalah 53,81%. Sehingga adanya batasan operasional yaitu penentuan kuota pemakaian air untuk PLTA Bilibili, berdampak pada unjuk kerja Turbin khususnya untuk efisiensi Turbin.
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENGOLAH BAHAN SABUN RUMPUT LAUT
Authors: Salam Abdul , Ritto Jeremiah , Maliku Tria Paramitha , Caherul Andi
Published: July 2024

Pada penelitian ini berhasil mengumpulkan informasi tentang waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengolah bahan sabun rumput laut serta waktu pencetakan sabun rumput laut. Hasil penelitian ini ialah putaran pengaduk sebesar 50 dan 100 rpm dalam campuran zat aditif sabun tidak tercampur dengan merata sehingga menghasilkan sabun dengan tekstur yang tidak ideal. Dengan menaikkan putaran mesin sebesar 150 rpm memberikan hasil proses pengadukan atau pencampuran antara zat aditif dan rumput laut lebih baik. Dalam waktu 120 menit mesin pengolah bahan sabun ini mampu menghasilkan 50 batang sabun masing-masing dengan berat 40 gr. Dengan proses pencetakan dan sifat homogen dari sabun selama 24 jam. Dalam penelitian ini juga dapat diketahui biaya manufaktur mesin pengolah bahan sabun rumput laut dengan nominal Rp. 3.600.000,- dengan menggunakan komponen mesin dari material SS 304 dan St 37 dilengkapi komponen standar seperti poros spiral, bantalan, mot or power window dan kompor listrik.
ANALISIS PENGARUH BATU KAPUR TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR SULFUR DIOKSIDA GAS BUANG BOILER PADA PT. PLN (PERSERO) UNIT PLTU BARRU
Authors: Rahman Abdul , Marampa Werni Gusti
Published: July 2024

In line with the development of coal utilization in Indonesia, there are also some obstacles that hinder the development. The main obstacle is the presence of SO2 gas of coal combustion products which can cause air pollution. To reduce SO2 gas can be done by reducing the sulfur content of the coal burned before (desulfurization), with the aim to determine the effect of limestone to decreased levels of sulfur and sulfur removal efficiency resulting in an environmentally friendly exhaust gas in accordance with the regulations of Ministry of Environment (MoE) . This research was conducted by using the method of direct observation on the components of the power plant which will review the boiler, chimney and CEMS as well as interviews with relevant parties about the desulfurization process. The results of the study indicate that the use of limestone to reduce levels of sulfur is an effective option for every plant where the efficiency of desulfurization process reaches 98%.
ANALISA SIFAT MEKANIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO HASIL PENGELASAN GESEK PIPA STAINLESS STEEL AISI 304L
Authors: Iswar Muh , Salam Abdul , Aminuddin Aminuddin , Fahruddin Fahruddin
Published: July 2024

Friction welding is a metal connection that occurs due to heat caused by pressure/friction force due to rotation of metal one to other metal axis. In addition, spindle shaft with this process can minimize the shift axis of the welded material. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of variation of rotation speed and wrought time on mechanical properties (tensile strength, flexural and hardness) and microstructure of AISI 304L Stainless Steel pipe of friction welding. The experiment was carried out by stages of friction welding process on Pindad type lathes by varying the rotation (550 rpm, 1020 rpm and 1800 rpm) and wrought time (25 seconds, 35 seconds, 45 seconds) using stopwatch. The axial force is obtained through a power screw mechanism on the tail-stock with a forging pressure of (Pu = 28.02 MPa). Welding temperature is 1050ËšC. The friction welding results are then formed into specimens for mechanical testing of tensile test specimens and standard ISO 82-1974 (E) test, DP8 size and hardness test using the Rockwell method. The test result showed that the tensile strength of the friction welding result with the highest Ïƒ max value in 1800 rpm/45 second specimen was 446,22 N/mm2 decreased when compared with raw material that is 788,62 N/mm2. the bending strength of the friction welding result with the highest Ïƒ max value in the 1800 rpm / 45 second specimen is 1470 N / mm2 decreased when compared with the raw material ie 1950 N/mm2. The highest hardness value is located in the part of the welded joint of specimen with variation of 1800 rpm / 45 second rotation of 77,5 HRA decrease from hard raw material value is 81,0 HRA. Rotation variations affect the mechanical properties of the material, the higher the engine rotation the value of its strength increases. Similarly, if the wrought time longer then the value of strength will also increase. Observations on microstructure with the variation of rotation speed and time of wrought there is a noticeable change is in the weld metal there are many austenite so that the strength and hardness value almost closer to Raw material hardness value. As for the HAZ area that there are many ferrit so that the strength and hardness value close to hardness value Raw material.
Analisis Kinerja Kiln dengan Menggunakan Campuran Batubara dan Sekam Padi Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif pada Pabrik PT. Semen Tonasa
Authors: Anshar Muhammad , Klistafani Yiyin , Iskandar Isdayanti
Published: July 2024

The cement industry is one of the energy intensive industries, because it absorbs a large amount of energy, and the kiln is the heart of the thermal energy system which is used as a place for combustion and clinker formation, therefore efforts are needed to determine the effect of using rice husk fuel on additional energy needed for combustion in the kiln and knowing the magnitude of the effect of adding rice husks on coal savings. This research was conducted to collect operational data of kiln which was obtained from the Central Control Room (CCR) Unit of Tonasa IV Factory of PT. Semen Tonasa. Data is taken directly on a computer which functions to regulate the operation of all production processes at the Tonasa IV Factory. The results of the analysis show that the use of rice husks has a relatively small effect on the energy produced when compared to without using rice husks. The addition of rice husk fuel does not show a significant effect on coal savings, but using rice husks can provide a calorific value of 3300 kcal / kg. In 1 kg of rice husk contains a calorific value of 3210 kcal / kg while in 1 kg of coal contains a heating value of 4910 kcal / kg, it can be seen that 1 kg of rice husk can replace approximately 1.53 kg of coal.
Pembangkit Hybrid Energi Surya dan Energi Angin Untuk Lampu Lalulintas
Authors: H. Anwar Nur Rahmah
Published: July 2024

Lampu lalulintas merupakan lampu yang mengandalikan arus lalu lintas yang terpasang di persimpangan jalan, tempat penyebrangan pejalan kaki (zebra cross), dan tempat arus lalu lintas lainnya. Lampu ini menandakan kapan kendaraan harus berjalan dan berhenti secara bergantian dari berbagai arah. Sistem untuk lampu lalulintas yang ada di Indonesia diketahui rata-rata masih menggunakan sumber dari PLN sehingga penelitian ini mengarah pada pembangkitan hybrid energi surya dan energi angin sebagai sumber energi listrik yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk lampu lalulintas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kinerja dari sistem lampu lalulintas dengan menggunakan panel surya, kinerja sistem lampu lalulintas dengan menggunakan turbin angin dan juga untuk mengetahui bagaiman kinerja sistem lampu lalulintas dengan menggunakan sumber energi hybrid panel surya dan turbin angin. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa efisiensi panel surya rata-rata sebesar 13,31%, efisiensi turbin angin sebesar 44,33% dan efisiensi hybrid rata-rata sebesar14,64%. Untuk energi hybrid pengisian aki hanya dimaksimalkan oleh panel surya dikarenakan kecepatan angin yang sangat fluktuatif.
Pengaruh Getaran Permesinan Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Pada Mesin VMC-200
Authors: M Muas
Published: July 2024

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini, yakni mengetahui pengaruh getaran permesinan terhadap kekasaran permukaan hasil permesinan pada mesin VMC-200, serta hubungan parameter potong utama terhadap kekasaran permukaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium CNC, Mekanik, dan Bengkel Mekanik Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang selama enam bulan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan empat tahap, yakni: tahap persiapan, pemotongan, pengujian, dan tahap analisis. Spesimen yang telah disiapkan (AlMgSi) dipotong-potong menjadi ukuran 18x18x70 mm. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses permesinan untuk menguji amplitudo getaran dan kekasaran permukaan spesimen. Pengujian amplitudo getaran mengunakan vibrocord sedangkan pengujian kekasaran permukaan menggunakan surface tester. Hasil penting yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini, yakni semakin meningkatnya amplitudo getaran semakin meningkat pula nilai kekasaran permukaan hasil permesinan, peningkatan putaran pahat potong dan gerak insut mengakibatkan penurunan kekasaran permukaan. Jika kedalaman potong dan amplitudo getaran meningkat maka akan mengakibatkan kekasaran permukaan meningkat.
Analisis Kekasaran Permukaan Benda Kerja Menggunakan Pahat Konvensional HSS Pada Mesin CNC TU-2A
Authors: Salam Abdul
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kemampuan pahat bubut konvensional HSS sebagai tools alternatif pada mesin CNC TU-2A. Kekasaran permukaan dijadikan sebagai indikator untuk menentukan kualitas hasil pemakanan pada benda kerja untuk berbagai kondisi variabel permesinan. Selain itu, tingkat ketahanan pahat HSS diuji sampai pada batas keausan maksimum yang diizinkan. Metoda yang digunakan yaitu melakukan proses permesinan pada benda kerja aluminium dan kuningan dengan variasi kecepatan makan (F), tebal pemakanan (H), dan putaran mesin (S) untuk 3 macam merek Bohler, Krisbow, dan Kobe yang dibentuk menjadi 3 jenis, yaitu pahat kanan, pahat kiri, dan pahat netral. Selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan pahat carbide tool tip sebagai pahat standar mesin CNC TU-2A. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pahat konvensional HSS dapat digunakan pada mesin CNC TU-2A. Pada benda kerja aluminium nilai kekasaran yang paling kecil menggunakan pahat carbide sebesar 1,21 Âµm (H 0,3), sedangkan nilai kekasaran yang paling besar adalah pahat HSS netral sebesar 3,14 Âµm (H 0,9). Untuk benda kerja kuningan, nilai kekasaran yang paling kecil menggunakan pahat HSS netral Krisbow sebesar 1,11 Âµm (H 0,3), sedangkan nilai kekasaran yang paling besar adalah pahat HSS netral Kobe sebesar 9,8 Âµm (H 0,3). Pahat konvensional HSS akan mengalami keausan sebesar 0,245 mm bila digunakan secara terus menerus pada panjang pemakanan 500 mm dengan tebal pemakanan maksimum (H) 0.9 mm, asutan (F) 50 mm/min dan putaran spindel (n) 900 rpm. Bila dibandingkan pada kondisi yang sama, pahat carbide tool tip sebagai pahat standar belum mengalami keausan yang berarti.
Analisis Kualitas Tenaga Listrik Jaringan Distribusi Sekunder PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon Makassar Barat
Authors: Marwan Marwan
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas tenaga listrik jaringan distribusi sekunder PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon Makassar Barat. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan metode statistic. Langkah awal dari penelitian ini adalah dengan mengambil data tegangan, factor daya dan frekuensi pada trafo jenis UPAI. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menghitung besarnya nilai rata-rata dari variable kulitas yang diukur, mencari nilai standar deviasi dan menghitung nilai distribusi t serta mencari nilai tp dari table distribusi. Langkah terakhir adalah melakukan uji hipotesis untuk setiap variable seperti tegangan, factor daya dan frekuensi dengan menggunakan metode statistik. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa sistem kelistrikan PT. PLN (Persero) rayon Makassar barat pada variable tersebut diatas masih memenuhi standar kualitas.
Analisis Pengaruh Nitridasi terhadap Sifat-Sifat Mekanis Baja St. 32 dan Paduan Aluminium Cor 2014
Authors: Mansur Ilyas , Wahyuni Nur
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: pengaruh variasi waktu dan temperatur nitridasi terhadap sifat-sifat mekanis, pengaruh kecepatan pengecoran baja St.32 dan paduan aluminium cor 2014 yang di variasi waktu dan temperatur nitridasi terhadap sifat-sifat mekanis. Metode penelitian berupa pengujian bahan baja St.32 dan paduan aluminium cor 2014 hasil proses nitridasi yang divariasi waktu dan temepratur perlakuan, dan diuji sifat-sifat mekanis berupa pengujian struktur mikro, uji tarik, uji kekerasan dan uji pukul takik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan variasi waktu dan temperatur nitridasi menghasilkan peningkatan nilai kekerasan pada baja St.32 dan paduan aluminium cor 2014. meningkatnya nilai kekuatan tarik dan nilai pukul takik pada baja St. 32, dan menurunnya nilai kekuatan tarik dan pukul takik pada paduan aluminium cor 2014. Variasi kecepatan pengecoran paduan aluminium cor 2014 dan baja St.32 yang di variasi waktu dan temperatur nitridasi menghasilkan peningkatan nilai sifat mekanis pada baja St.32 kecepatan pengecoran 150 mm/min, paduan aluminium cor 2014 kecepatan pengecoran100 mm/min.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengereman Dinamis Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa
Authors: Tandioga Remigius
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan rangkaian kontrol sistem pengereman dinamis pada motor induksi tiga-fasa. Selain itu ditentukan pula karakteristik pengereman yang akan mengambil waktu sebagai fungsi dari arus dc dan daya input motor, disamping akan dilihat pula hubungan belitan stator yang memberikan sistem pengereman yang paling efisien. Metode yang digunakan adalah calculation and choice based design. Mula-mula ditentukan input perancangan yaitu name plate data dan measurement based data, sebelum dilakukan perancangan dan pemilihan komponen catu daya dc. Selanjutnya dirancang sistem rangkaian kontrol berupa wired logic system (konvensional) dan ladder diagram system (PLC) Ditetapkan terlebih dahulu sistem hubungan belitan stator motor yang akan diadopsi ketika pengereman berlangsung. Pengujian yang dilakukan mencakup pengujian rangkaian kontrol dan pengujian waktu pengereman maupun tanpa pengereman. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa rangkaian kontrol berbasis PLC yang diperoleh sangat fleksibel untuk diatur dan dimodifikasi atau dikembangkan. Waktu pengereman ternyata berbanding terbalik dengan besar arus dc dan daya yang diinjeksikan ke motor. Terlihat pula bahwa hubungan belitan stator secara kombinasi dua paralelâ€“satu seri merupakan konfigurasi yang paling efisien.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Peniris Bawang Goreng untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Bawang Goreng pada Industri Rumah Tangga
Authors: Nur Rusdi
Published: July 2024

Tujuan yang ingin diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah membuat mesin yang dapat meniriskan bawang goreng yang telah dilakukan proses penggorengan untuk dijadikan produk tambahan pada masakan saji. Pembuatan mesin peniris bawang goreng ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan, yaitu: (1) perancangan dalam bentuk desain gambar dan ukuran; (2) persiapan alat dan bahan yang akan digunakan (3) pembuatan mesin peniris bawang goreng dengan menggunakan mesin las listrik, mesin gergaji, mesin bubut, mesin frais, dan mesin bor; (4) melakukan uji coba dan pengujian kuantitas dan kapasitas (5) melakukan pengujian kualitas bawang goreng yang dihasilkan yang dibandingkan dengan bawang goreng yang ada di pasaran. Berdasarkan hasil pembuatan dan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa mesin peniris bawang goreng dapat memproduksi (13,912 kg/jam) 12 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan menggunakan media kertas koran (1,02 kg/jam), sedangkan kualitas yang dihasilkan menunjukkan bahwa kadar minyak bawang goreng yang dihasilkan (19%) lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan bawang goreng di pasaran (23%).
Pengaruh Rugi Tinggi Tekanan terhadap Variasi Jenis Pipa dengan Ketinggian yang Berbeda
Authors: Suwasti Sri
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh rugi tekanan terhadap bilangan Reynold dengan memvariasikan tinggi penempatan berbagai jenis pipa secara bergantian. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa panjang saluran pipa relatif jauh/panjang maka kehilangan tinggi tekanan /head losses yang terjadi cenderung juga lebih besar sehingga sangat mempengaruhi jenis aliran, debit aliran, dan kecepatan aliran. Rugi tinggi tekanan terbesar terdapat pada pipa galvanis, hal ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor kekasaran permukaan dalam pipa tersebut.
Performan Pemanas Air dengan Menggunakan Tiga Kolektor Plat Datar yang Disusun Secara Seri
Authors: Firman Firman , Buana Chandra , Fajar HR
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan perbandingan efisiensi antara sebuah pemanas air kolektor surya plat datar dan tiga unit pemanas air kolektor surya plat datar yang disusun secara seri. Penelitian pemanas air kolektor surya pelat datar dilakukan dengan membandingkan 3 buah unit kolektor yang disusun seri dengan 1 unit kolektor. Pengambilan data ini dilakukan pada siang hari dengan asumsi bahwa sinar datang tegak lurus terhadap permukaan kolektor. Kondisi pengujian penelitian ini dilakukan sistem aliran paksa dengan tiga variasi laju aliran fluida masuk kolektor. Efisiensi maksimum untuk 3 unit kolektor surya plat datar yang disusun seri sebesar 29,63% , sedangkan untuk 1 unit kolektor sebesar 19,44%.
Experimental Investigation of the Self-Healing Potential of Bacteria for Sustainable Concrete Structures Phase 2
Authors: Calabrese Andrea , Asvapathanagul Pitiporn , Patel Nisarg N. , Dhruvan Nanubala , Adams Austin , Hernandez Michael , Lopez-Cruz Douglas S.
Published: July 2024

Concrete is a critical component of so much of the modern construction industry. This material, well known for its versatility, robustness, longevity, and strength, is well-suited for a wide range of structural applications. Nonetheless, the widespread occurrence of cracks in concrete structures, primarily attributed to its limited tensile strength, shrinkage, and overstain, imposes a considerable economic and environmental challenge when it comes to retrofitting these fissures. This study tackles this problem by harnessing bacteria tolerant to high alkaline conditions to enable Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) for the self-repair of concrete. This is achieved through an external application method, wherein bacteria are manually and externally applied to the cracks of the concrete surface. This report presents the results of testing three different bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and Sporosarcina pasteurii) to retrofit laboratory-manufactured cracks. The self-repaired groups underwent compressive load-to-failure testing and were compared to a control group (With Crack), revealing a notable increase in compressive strength ranging from 8.59% to 21.61%. The outcomes of the compressive strength tests illustrate the viability of implementing this technique for retrofitting concrete structures, showcasing its environmentally friendly nature and its ability to significantly enhance structural durability. This, in turn, has the potential to impact existing and future developments that incorporate concrete.
Reliability and validity of estimated angles information assessed using inertial measurement unit-based motion sensors
Authors: Morikawa Taiki , Mura Nariyuki , Sato Toshiaki , Katoh Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based motion sensors are affordable, and their use is appropriate for rehabilitation. However, regarding the accuracy of estimated angle information obtained from this sensor, it is reported that it is likely affected by velocity. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the reliability and validity of the angle information obtained using IMU-based sensors compared with a three-dimensional (3D) motion analyzer. METHODS: The Euler angle obtained using the 3D motion analyzer and the angle obtained using the IMU-based sensor (IMU angle) were compared. Reliability was assessed by comparing the Bland–Altman analysis, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) (1,1), and cross-correlation function. The root mean square (RMS) error, ICC (2,1), and cross-correlation function were used to compare data on the Euler and IMU angles to evaluate the validity. RESULTS: Regarding reliability, the Bland–Atman analysis indicated no fixed or proportional bias in the angle measurements. The measurement errors ranged from 0.2° to 3.2°. In the validity, the RMS error ranged from 0.3° to 2.2°. The ICCs (2,1) were 0.9. The cross-correlation functions were >0.9, which indicated a high degree of agreement. CONCLUSION: The IMU-based sensor had a high reliability and validity. The IMU angle may be used in rehabilitation.
Large language models for sustainable assessment and feedback in higher education
Authors: Agostini Daniele , Picasso Federica
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, there is growing attention on enhancing the quality of teaching, learning and assessment processes. As a recent EU Report underlines, the assessment and feedback area remains a problematic issue regarding educational professionals training and adopting new practices. In fact, traditional summative assessment practices are predominantly used in European countries, against the recommendations of the Bologna Process guidelines that promote the implementation of alternative assessment practices that seem crucial in order to engage and provide lifelong learning skills for students, also with the use of technology. Looking at the literature, a series of sustainability problems arise when these requests meet real-world teaching, particularly when academic instructors face the assessment of extensive classes. With the fast advancement in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their increasing availability, affordability and capability, part of the solution to these problems might be at hand. In fact, LLMs can process large amounts of text, summarise and give feedback about it following predetermined criteria. The insights of that analysis can be used both for giving feedback to the student and helping the instructor assess the text. With the proper pedagogical and technological framework, LLMs can disengage instructors from some of the time-related sustainability issues and so from the only choice of the multiple-choice test and similar. For this reason, as a first step, we are designing and validating a theoretical framework and a teaching model for fostering the use of LLMs in assessment practice, with the approaches that can be most beneficial.
ELCA: Enhanced boundary location for Chinese named entity recognition via contextual association
Authors: Wang Yizhao , Mao Shun , Jiang Yuncheng
Published: July 2024

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a fundamental task that aids in the completion of other tasks such as text understanding, information retrieval and question answering in Natural Language Processing (NLP). In recent years, the use of a mix of character-word structure and dictionary information for Chinese NER has been demonstrated to be effective. As a representative of hybrid models, Lattice-LSTM has obtained better benchmarking results in several publicly available Chinese NER datasets. However, Lattice-LSTM does not address the issue of long-distance entities or the detection of several entities with the same character. At the same time, the ambiguity of entity boundary information also leads to a decrease in the accuracy of embedding NER. This paper proposes ELCA: Enhanced Boundary Location for Chinese Named Entity Recognition Via Contextual Association, a method that solves the problem of long-distance dependent entities by using sentence-level position information. At the same time, it uses adaptive word convolution to overcome the problem of several entities sharing the same character. ELCA achieves the state-of-the-art outcomes in Chinese Word Segmentation and Chinese NER.
Awareness of Social Functioning in People with Dementia and Its Association with Dementia Severity: Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sommerlad Andrew , Grothe Jessica , Umeda Sumiyo , Ikeda Manabu , Kanemoto Hideki , Livingston Gill , Luppa Melanie , Rankin Katherine P. , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Röhr Susanne , Suzuki Maki , Huntley Jonathan
Published: July 2024

Background:

People with dementia commonly have impaired social functioning and may not recognize this. This lack of awareness may result in worse outcomes for the person and their family carers.

Objective:

We aimed to characterize awareness of social functioning in dementia and describe its association with dementia severity.

Methods:

Multi-center cross-sectional study of people aged >65 years with dementia and family informants recruited from Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom. We used the Social Functioning in Dementia (SF-DEM) scale, assessing “spending time with other people” (domain 1), “communicating with other people” (domain 2), and “sensitivity to other people” (domain 3), and calculated lack of awareness into social functioning as the discrepancy between patient and informant ratings.

Results:

108 participants with dementia (50.9% women), mean age = 78.9 years, and mean MMSE score = 22.7. Patient and informant domain 1 ratings did not differ, but patient-rating was higher than carers for domain 2 (11.2 versus 10.1; p = 0.003) and domain 3 (9.7 versus 8.1; p < 0.001). Sixty people with dementia overestimated their overall social functioning, 30 underestimated, and 18 gave ratings congruent with their informant. Performance on the MMSE and its sub-domains was not associated with SF-DEM discrepancy score.

Conclusions:

We found that awareness of social functioning in dementia was a multidimensional concept, which varies according to subdomains of social functioning. Clinicians should help family members understand and adapt by explaining their relative with dementia’s lack of awareness about aspects of their social functioning.
The Association Between Surgery and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insight from a Case-Control Study
Authors: Yu Jian , Tang Wenyu , Sulaiman Zubaidan , Ma Xin , Wang Jiayi , Shi Zhongyong , Liu Qidong , Xie Zhongcong , Shen Yuan ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2024

Background:

Surgery may be associated with postoperative cognitive impairment in elder participants, yet the extent of its association with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains undetermined.

Objective:

To determine the relationship between surgery and MCI.

Methods:

The data of participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were analyzed, including individuals with MCI or normal cognition. We focused on surgeries conducted after the age of 45, categorized by the number of surgeries, surgical risk, and the age at which surgeries occurred. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to determine the association between surgery and the development of MCI.

Results:

The study is comprised of 387 individuals with MCI and 578 cognitively normal individuals. The overall surgery exposure (adjusted OR = 1.14, [95% CI 0.83, 1.56], p = 0.43) and the number of surgeries (adjusted OR = 0.92  [0.62, 1.36], p = 0.67 for single exposure, adjusted OR = 1.12 [0.71, 1.78], p = 0.63 for two exposures, adjusted OR = 1.38 [0.95, 2.01], p = 0.09 for three or more exposures compared to no exposure as the reference) were not associated with the development of MCI. However, high-risk surgeries (adjusted OR = 1.79 [1.00, 3.21], p = 0.049) or surgeries occurring after the age of 75 (adjusted OR = 2.01 [1.03, 3.90], p = 0.041) were associated with a greater risk of developing MCI.

Conclusions:

High risk surgeries occurring at an older age contribute to the development of MCI, indicating a complex of mechanistic insights for the development of postoperative cognitive impairment.
Iron Chelators and Alzheimer’s Disease Clinical Trials
Authors: Mandal Pravat K. , Maroon Joseph C. , Samkaria Avantika , Arora Yashika , Sharma Shallu , Pandey Ashutosh
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder impacting millions of people with cognitive impairment and affecting activities of daily living. The deposition of neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) are the main pathological characteristics of AD. However, the actual causal process of AD is not yet identified. Oxidative stress occurs prior to amyloid Aβ plaque formation and tau phosphorylation in AD. The role of master antioxidant, glutathione, and metal ions (e.g., iron) in AD are the frontline area of AD research. Iron overload in specific brain regions in AD is associated with the rate of cognitive decline. We have presented the outcome from various interventional trials involving iron chelators intended to minimize the iron overload in AD. To date, however, no significant positive outcomes have been reported using iron chelators in AD and warrant further research.
Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons Display Sublayer and Circuitry Dependent Degenerative Expression Profiles in Aged Female Down Syndrome Mice
Authors: Alldred Melissa J. , Pidikiti Harshitha , Ibrahim Kryillos W. , Lee Sang Han , Heguy Adriana , Hoffman Gabriel E. , Mufson Elliott J. , Stutzmann Grace E. , Ginsberg Stephen D.
Published: July 2024

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have intellectual disability and develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology during midlife, particularly in the hippocampal component of the medial temporal lobe memory circuit. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA1 neurons remains a major knowledge gap during DS/AD onset. This is compounded by evidence showing spatial (e.g., deep versus superficial) localization of pyramidal neurons (PNs) has profound effects on activity and innervation within the CA1 region. Objective: We investigated whether there is a spatial profiling difference in CA1 PNs in an aged female DS/AD mouse model. We posit dysfunction may be dependent on spatial localization and innervation patterns within discrete CA1 subfields. Methods: Laser capture microdissection was performed on trisomic CA1 PNs in an established mouse model of DS/AD compared to disomic controls, isolating the entire CA1 pyramidal neuron layer and sublayer microisolations of deep and superficial PNs from the distal CA1 (CA1a) region. Results: RNA sequencing and bioinformatic inquiry revealed dysregulation of CA1 PNs based on spatial location and innervation patterns. The entire CA1 region displayed the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in trisomic mice reflecting innate DS vulnerability, while trisomic CA1a deep PNs exhibited fewer but more physiologically relevant DEGs, as evidenced by bioinformatic inquiry. Conclusions: CA1a deep neurons displayed numerous DEGs linked to cognitive functions whereas CA1a superficial neurons, with approximately equal numbers of DEGs, were not linked to pathways of dysregulation, suggesting the spatial location of vulnerable CA1 PNs plays an important role in circuit dissolution.
Micronutrients, Frailty, and Cognitive Impairment: Design and Preliminary Results from the CogLife 2.0 Study
Authors: Pickert Lena , Dias Irundika H.K. , Thimm Alexander , Weber Johann , Abdullah Sewa , Deelen Joris , Polidori M. Cristina
Published: July 2024

Background: Among preventive strategies against dementia, nutrition is considered a powerful one and the recently established “nutritional cognitive neuroscience of aging” is a highly active research field. Objective: The present study was designed to deeply characterize older adults across the continuum from cognitive integrity to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and better elucidate the prognostic role of lipophilic micronutrients within their lipidomic signature. Methods: 123 participants older than 65 years across the continuum from cognitive integrity to MCI were included [49 with subjective cognitive impairment, 29 women, 72.5±5.4 years, 26 MCI, 9 women, 74.5±5.8 years and 50 without cognitive impairment, 21 women, 70.8±4.3 years]. All participants underwent neuropsychological and nutritional examination as well as comprehensive geriatric assessment with calculation of the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) as a proxy of frailty and biological age and blood withdrawal for the analyses of lipophilic micronutrients, metabolomics and oxylipidomics. One year after the evaluation, same tests are ongoing. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, daily fruit and vegetable intake and cholesterol, we found a significant positive correlation between lutein and the number of correct words in category fluency (p = 0.016). Conclusions: This result supports the importance of carotenoids as robust biomarkers of cognitive performance independent of the nutritional status and frailty of the participants, as the entire present study collective was robust (MPI 0–0.33). The complete analyses of the metabolome and the oxylipidome will hopefully shed light on the metabolic and prognostic signature of cognitive decline in the rapidly growing population at risk of frailty.
Promoting Physical Activity in Huntington’s Disease: Co-Design of a Care Partner Resource
Authors: Jones Una , Hamana Katy , Busse Monica
Published: July 2024

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend that people with Huntington’s disease (HD) should exercise to maintain/improve fitness and motor function, yet physical activity levels remain low in this group. Promotion of physical activity is often via care partners with little evidence that they are supported in this role. Objective: The aim was to co-design a resource for care partners of people with HD to support promotion of physical activity. Methods: A four-step co-design approach was used to develop a care partner resource. Five care partners took part in an online workshop exploring experiences and the knowledge, support and skills needed by care partners to promote physical activity. A co-design team (n = 7) developed a prototype that was user tested by three people who had attended the workshop. Findings from user testing were used to develop the final resource. Results: An easy to read, image-based prototype was developed that contained tips on planning activity, safety and activity examples. User testing identified the need for grouping of activities suitable for 10, 20, and 30 minutes of available time, information on maintaining and improving activity and re-organization of information to support engagement of activity. Conclusions: A resource for care partners that has been translated into seven languages was developed to promote physical activity. User testing indicated confidence in using the resource and appreciation of the autonomy provided to the person with HD to plan activities. Further work is needed to evaluate the impact of the resource in promotion of physical activity and the impact on care partner burden.
A Characterization of Central Auditory Processing in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lelo de Larrea-Mancera E. Sebastian , Correa-Medina Erick I. , Padilla-Bustos Katia , Romero Terán Diana Paulina , Hernández-Medrano Ana Jimena , Cerda-Hernández Gloria Itzel , Cervantes-Arriaga Amin , Rodríguez-Violante Mayela , Gallun Frederick J. , Seitz Aaron R. , Solís-Vivanco Rodolfo
Published: July 2024

Background:

Research indicates that people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPs) may experience challenges in both peripheral and central auditory processing, although findings are inconsistent across studies. Due to the diversity of auditory measures used, there is a need for standardized, replicable hearing assessments to clarify which aspects of audition are impacted in PWPs and whether they are linked to motor and non-motor symptoms.

Objective:

To characterize auditory processes and their possible alteration in PwPs. To address this, we collected a comprehensive set of standardized measures of audition using PART, a digital testing platform designed to facilitate replication. Additionally, we examined the relationship between auditory, cognitive, and clinical variables in PwPs.

Methods:

We included 44 PwPs and 54 age and education matched healthy controls. Assessments included detection of diotic and dichotic frequency modulation, temporal gaps, spectro-temporal broad-band modulation, and speech-on-speech masking.

Results:

We found no statistically significant differences in auditory processing measures between PwPs and the comparison group (ps > 0.07). In PwPs, an auditory processing composite score showed significant medium size correlations with cognitive measures (0.39 < r<0.41, ps < 0.02) and clinical variables of motor symptom severity, quality of life, depression, and caretaker burden (0.33 < r<0.52, ps < 0.03).

Conclusions:

While larger datasets are needed to clarify whether PwPs experience more auditory difficulties than healthy controls, our results underscore the importance of considering auditory processing on the symptomatic spectrum of Parkinson’s disease using standardized replicable methodologies.
Usability test for a cane-combined weight support feedback device
Authors: Hwang Daon , Cho Ki Hun
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Traditional canes have no special functions besides weight support, and their long-term use may cause secondary damage to the musculoskeletal system and gait deviation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the usability of the cane-combined weight support feedback device (CWSFD) to identify areas requiring improvement and the current level of satisfaction. METHODS: As a collet-type device, the CWSFD has a structure allowing attachment and detachment at the lower end of a traditional mono cane. To assess the level of satisfaction and areas of improvement regarding the novel CWSFD, a usability test was conducted on 10 physical therapists with ⩾ 20 years of clinical experience. The usability test comprised a satisfaction survey questionnaire to determine the level of satisfaction, and an in-depth interview to identify the points of improvement. RESULTS: The usability test demonstrated a moderate or higher level of satisfaction in all tested items, and the in-depth interview revealed that the device should have a lower weight with a greater diversity of feedback. CONCLUSIONS: We anticipate that by implementing the respective improvements, a novel device will be developed in the future; for its commercialization, studies to verify the clinical effectiveness are warranted.
Cervical cancer risk in association with TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms in Bangladeshi women
Authors: Tishe Zasia Hossain , Shawkat Sanjana , Popy Meherun Nessa , Mumu Sadia Biswas , Ferdous Annur , Raisa Munira Jahan , Hasan Mehedi , Sultana Taposhi Nahid , Chaity Nusrat Islam , Apu Mohd Nazmul Hasan , Mostaid Md Shaki
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is among the vital pro-inflammatory cytokines that potentially exerts a significant influence on the immune response, hence potentially regulating the advancement of cervical lesions.

OBJECTIVE:

Our study objective was to examine the relationship between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1799724 and rs1800629) of TNF-α and the risk of cervical cancer in women from Bangladesh.

METHODS:

We recruited 133 patients with cervical cancer and 126 healthy individuals for this study. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR SNP genotyping assay. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values.

RESULTS:

For rs1799724 (C > T) polymorphism, TT mutant homozygous genotype carried 3.26 times increased risk of developing cervical cancer (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.15–9.28, p = 0.027). Polymorphism of rs1800629 (G > A) was also related to an elevated risk of cervical cancer. Individuals with the AG heterozygous genotype (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.20–6.74, p = 0.017) and AA mutant homozygous genotype (OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 1.24–16.60, p = 0.022) also had a higher likelihood of having cervical cancer. Moreover, we found that injectable contraceptives increase the risk of cervical cancer. Individuals who smoked and/or had first-degree relatives with cancer were more likely to carry the risk allele, which increases the likelihood of developing cervical cancer.

CONCLUSION:

TNF-α polymorphisms in rs1799724 and rs1800629 increase the susceptibility of developing cervical cancer in women from Bangladesh.
A 6-minute protocol, combining mental imagery practices and breathing exercises, promotes hand-grip strength in firefighters: a series of “N-of-1” trials
Authors: Jamous Matthieu , Biéchy Jean-Philippe , Fautrelle Lilian
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: To carry out their victim rescue and fire-fighting missions, firefighters perform high levels of physical exertion and among them strenuous muscular activity. A specific mental preparation protocol that could induce better strength performance throughout their 24-hour schedule is a major issue for firefighters. OBJECTIVE: This case report aims to examine whether a 6-minute Intervention combining mental imagery practices and breathing exercises, specifically designed to be used while travelling between the fire station and the mission site, would be able to promote maximum strength performance. METHODS: A series of three Single Case Experimental Designs (SCED) was conducted in single blind design to investigate the effects of repeated challenge-withdrawals between the Intervention and the Baseline on the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength of the hand-grip. RESULTS: Data analyses revealed that 62.5% to 100% of the hand-grip strength values during the Intervention periods were greater than or equal to the maximum data point recorded in the Baseline periods. The effect sizes of these highlighted increases of the hand-grip strength performance revealed by the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) were 75% i.e., moderately effective on average. CONCLUSIONS: Such a “psyching-up” practice before an upcoming muscular activity can promote muscular strength in firefighters. These results have led French firefighter departments to integrate the teaching of these practices into the initial instruction of firefighters, and remains to be confirmed by a randomised control trial.
A new look at the occupational fatigue challenge in the future of ergonomics research
Authors: Mahdavi Neda , Dianat Iman
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Due to the negative effects of occupational fatigue on health, absenteeism, and economic cost it is essential to control and manage its risk factors effectively. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to draw researchers’ attention to the research requirements concerning occupational fatigue. METHODS: The study briefly explores the consequences of occupational fatigue and discusses tools for its assessment. It then addresses the challenge of integrating risk factors and identifying efficient interventions. Lastly, it emphasizes the importance of addressing occupational fatigue related to new technologies. RESULTS: Wearable sensors, biomarkers in biological samples, and image processing are valuable tools for accurately assessing occupational fatigue. Artificial intelligence (AI) models can integrate multiple risk factors; while economic evaluations can help assess the effectiveness of control measures. Employers and researchers should be prepared to manage and monitor occupational fatigue resulting from interactions with new technologies. CONCLUSIONS: This commentary highlights the research gap in the field of occupational fatigue to better manage this phenomenon in today’s evolving world.
Kadar SGPT-SGOT Tikus Wistar yang Diberikan Ekstrak Daun Sambung Nyawa Untuk Perbaikan Fungsi Hati
Authors: Ambo Lau Sulfiyana H , Herman  , Rusli
Published: July 2024

SGPT-SGOT Levels Of Wistar Rats Given Sambung Nyawa Leaf Extract To Improve Liver Function
The liver has an important role in the metabolic processes of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. CCl4, which is toxic, can cause damage, both after acute and chronic exposure, so alternative or preventive treatment is needed from traditional medicine, one of which is sambung nyawa leaves which are antioxidants. This study aims to determine the description of the AST-ALT levels of Wistar rats given sambung nyawa leaf extract to improve liver function. The research design used an experimental Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design on experimental animals. There were 4 treatment groups, namely K1 Healthy control (Given distilled water), K2 Negative control (Given CCl4 inducer), K3 Encapsulated sambung nyawa leaf extract dose 150 mg/kgBW/day + CCl4, K4 Encapsulated Sambung Nyawa leaf extract dose 300 mg/kgBW/day + CCl4. The results of measuring AST-ALT levels using the One Way Anova test where the results obtained were p<0.05. This indicates that there is a significant difference between K2 negative control and encapsulated sambung nyawa leaf extract at a dose of 150 mg/kgBW/day + CCl4, as well as K4 encapsulated sambung nyawa leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW/day + CCl4. It can be concluded that the 300 mg/kgBW dose of ethanol extract of sambung nyawa leaves (Gynura procumbens) encapsulated with maltodextrin provides the best effect for preventing liver damage.
Hati memiliki peran penting pada proses metabolisme karbohidrat, protein dan asam lemak. CCl4 yang bersifat toksik dapat merusak, baik setelah pemaparan akut maupun kronis, sehingga diperlukan alternatif pengobatan atau pencegahan dari obat tradisional, salah satunya daun sambung nyawa yang bersifat antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar SGPT-SGOT tikus Wistar yang diberikan ekstrak daun sambung nyawa untuk perbaikan fungsi hati. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan eksperimental Pretest-Postest Control Group Design pada hewan coba. Ada 4 kelompok perlakuan yaitu K1 Kontrol sehat (Diberikan air suling), K2 Kontrol negatif (Diberikan penginduksi CCl4), K3 Ekstrak daun sambung nyawa terenkapsulasi dosis 150 mg/kgBB/hari + CCl4, K4 Ekstrak daun sambung nyawa terenkapsulasi dosis 300 mg/kgBB/hari + CCl4. Hasil pengukuran kadar SGPT-SGOT dengan uji One Way Anova dimana hasilnya diperoleh p<0,05. Hal ini menandakan bahwa terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan antara K2 Kontrol negatif dan Ekstrak daun sambung nyawa terenkapsulasi dosis 150 mg/kgBB/hari + CCl4, serta K4 Ekstrak daun sambung nyawa terenkapsulasi dosis 300 mg/kgBB/hari + CCl4. Dapat disimpulkan dosis Ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) terenkapsulasi maltodextrin 300 mg/kgBB memberikan efek yang paling baik untuk mencegah kerusakan hati.