bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incarnation and Covenant: The Fourth Gospel through the Lens of Trauma Theory
Authors: Reinhartz Adele
Published: December 2014

Despite the distance in time and space that separates twenty-first century readers from the people in biblical stories, our own everyday experience equips us to understand these events as traumas. In this essay, trauma theory will be applied to illuminate the much-contested process by which the Johannine community developed an identity different from, and in opposition to, the Jews among whom they apparently lived.
Attraction and Aversion in Germany’s ‘1968’: Encountering the Western Revolt in East Berlin
Authors: von der Goltz Anna
Published: December 2014

This article uses oral history interviews and archival sources to investigate the entanglements between East and West German activists of 1968. Cold War Berlin remained an important zone of exchange between East and West after the border closure of 1961; the study focuses on what a particular group of young East Berliners with oppositional leanings, who engaged in different forms of political and cultural experimentation in the late 1960s, and who took their ideas from both Eastern Socialist reformers and Western New Leftists, made of their direct encounters with the Western revolt. The article shows that the connections between East and West around 1968 were indeed striking, but contends that these produced ambiguous results; both attraction and aversion marked the exchanges and personal interactions of Eastern and Western activists in this period. Engaging with the broader literatures on the ‘transnational 1960s’ and the ‘asymmetrical entanglement’ of the two Germanies after 1945, this research suggests that the two German states represent a fruitful case to study the meaning of transnationalism around 1968 for the opposite reason of what one may intuitively expect. Encounters between the Socialist East and liberal capitalist West could be facilitated with relative ease, because of the geographical proximity of the two states and the shared language, but, far from spelling ever-greater convergence, increasing connections and closeness could actually foster a greater sense of difference.
Horsing Around
Authors: Lac Veronica
Published: December 2014

This article explores how the key concepts within Gestalt Equine Psychotherapy (GEP) and Humanistic Play Therapy (HPT) can be compatible modalities for working with children. The connections between GEP and HPT can be seen in their philosophical framework of viewing the self as an embodied, relational process, and the belief in the importance of play and experimentation within the therapeutic encounter. Both approaches emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship and trust that the child is able to self-direct his or her own growth and learning. Both GEP and HPT can draw from neuroscience research to provide evidence of the importance of authenticity, congruence, and coherence within both the therapist and the child in building the therapeutic relationship. Through the use of a case example, this article will demonstrate how HPT and GEP can become an integrated approach in supporting the developmental process of the client.
Sounds to Share
Authors: Bond Vanessa L.
Published: December 2014

Renowned around the world, schools within the municipality of Reggio Emilia, Italy, have inspired North American early childhood educators for over 25 years. Despite the popularity and usage of the Reggio Emilia approach in the United States, music educators may find it unfamiliar. There is a lack of research that has discussed the use of music or application of music education in Reggio-inspired schools. The purpose of this multiple case study was to examine the state of music education in three North American preschools inspired by the Reggio Emilia approach to early childhood education. The research was guided by three questions: (1) How is music socially constructed and integrated into a Reggio Emilia–inspired preschool classroom’s daily life curriculum? (2) How does music education in Reggio-inspired classrooms compare to the national preK music standards? and (3) What aspects of Reggio Emilia–inspired preschools may be transferable to early childhood music classroom contexts? The researcher asserted that music was prevalent in these schools and that several models of the music teacher role existed; however, more work needs to be done to realize the full potential of this organic, synergistic relationship.
Collaborative Composing in High School String Chamber Music Ensembles
Authors: Hopkins Michael T.
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine collaborative composing in high school string chamber music ensembles. Research questions included the following: (a) How do high school string instrumentalists in chamber music ensembles use verbal and musical forms of communication to collaboratively compose a piece of music? (b) How do selected variables (music performance and composing experience, quality of group collaboration, gender grouping, perceptions of the project) influence the process of composing collaboratively in a high school chamber music ensemble? and (c) What variables influence the quality of the resulting collaborative composition? High school string instrumentalists ( N = 37) formed eight chamber music ensembles. Participants completed a presurvey regarding music performance and composing experiences, were videotaped while composing chamber music compositions, and completed a postsurvey regarding their project experiences. All groups spent a larger percentage of time engaged in task-directed musical communication than in verbal communication. Balance of collaboration had a strong relationship with composition quality. Mixed-gender groups had a stronger balance of collaboration than same-gender groups. Postsurvey data indicated that enjoyment of the project was found to have a strong relationship with composition quality.
Male and Female Photographic Representation in 50 Years of Music Educators Journal
Authors: Kruse Adam J. , Giebelhausen Robin , Shouldice Heather N. , Ramsey Andrea L.
Published: December 2014

Considering the potential for stereotypes to shape professional expectations, the four researchers in this study investigated photographic representation of adult men and women in implied positions of authority in 50 years (1962–2011) of issues of Music Educators Journal ( MEJ). Data included every photograph ( N = 7,288) of adults conducting, teaching or presenting, or granted the authority of having their picture labeled with their name (named persons), and were analyzed by year over the 50-year period. Results showed that females composed 28% of these photographs, with the largest representation of females being found in the teaching/presenting category (56%) and markedly smaller representations of females found in the conducting (21%) and named persons (20%) categories. Fluctuations in certain categories across the five decades suggest that while representation of males and females in MEJ has changed in 50 years, inequity persists. Implications include a call for greater attention and effort toward equitable representation in music education media for publishers, authors, and other contributors in addition to increased sensitivity to the representations of male and female stereotypes and professional expectations encountered by music educators and students.
Music Education at the New York Institution for the Blind, 1832–1863
Authors: Hash Phillip M.
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this study was to document the history of music education at the New York Institution for the Blind (NYIB) from the opening of the school in 1832 through the tenure of the facility’s first music director, Anthony Reiff. Research questions pertained to the school’s origin and operation and to its music curriculum, pedagogy, faculty, ensembles, and resources. The NYIB provided a home and education for students ages eight to twenty-five. The music program served as recreation and vocational training and as a means of promoting the school. Reiff joined the faculty in 1835 and established a band and choir that performed throughout the city and surrounding states. In 1847, the board of managers hired George F. Root as head of vocal music and named Reiff director of the instrumental division. Sigismund Laser replaced Root in 1855 and remained at the NYIB until 1863, when both he and Reiff left the school. The faculty at the NYIB developed and promoted effective methods for teaching music to people with blindness and prepared graduates to serve as church musicians, piano tuners, and music educators. Findings from this study might serve to remind music educators of past pedagogical methods and principles applicable in teaching students who are blind today.
Modified People: Indicators of a Body Modification Subculture in a Post-Subculture World
Authors: Roberts Derek
Published: December 2014

This article contributes to the debate on the relevance of subculture as a theoretical concept for understanding groups in contemporary Western societies. Utilising data from a virtual ethnography of body modifiers, the article challenges the dominance of post-subcultural approaches. The body modification subculture discussed in this article has not only formed along socioeconomic lines, it has developed alternative work opportunities that enable and promote continued involvement in the subculture beyond one’s youth. While scenes and (neo-)tribes maintain their relevance for scholars investigating groups with a more temporary nature, the data presented herein show that subcultures did not vanish as society transitioned from post-War to postmodernity.
On doubting dichotomies: A response to Don Cupitt
Authors: Gerald Downing F.
Published: December 2014

This article is a response to Don Cupitt’s article ‘After the end of the world’, published in Theology (July 2014). It argues that doubts are always worth doubting, critical questions warrant critical questioning, that imagination is more prevalent than sceptics acknowledge, and that there are spaces that dichotomies arbitrarily banish.
New directions in the study of the New Testament
Authors: Macaskill Grant
Published: December 2014

Since the end of the Second World War, the most significant developments in the study of the New Testament have grown from revisions in our understanding of its relationship to the Judaism of the period. These have implications not only for the study of the New Testament itself but also for how we understand its relationship to patristic thought. In turn, these implications are significant for those seeking to bring the segregated fields of theology and New Testament study together. They are, however, only partially realized, because of the fragmentation of New Testament study as a discipline.
Stakeholders’ Perspectives of Sustainable Tourism Development
Authors: Poudel Surya , Nyaupane Gyan P. , Budruk Megha
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the perspectives of tourism stakeholders regarding sustainable tourism outcomes in protected areas. We compared the responses of residents with residents, and tourists with tourists, in two protected areas of Nepal, namely, the Annapurna Conservation Area and Chitwan National Park. Tourism sustainability was evaluated with six tourism impact subscales measuring negative and positive ecological, economic, and social impacts. Data were collected using the survey method. Respondents included 230 residents and 205 tourists in Annapurna, and 220 residents and 210 tourists in Chitwan. Data analysis involved a series of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses with Annapurna and Chitwan as comparison groups and tourism impact subscales as latent constructs. Results revealed that residents and tourists perceive positive and negative impacts differently across protected areas. This suggests that the form of tourism development affects the sustainability outcomes in protected areas. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.
Tourism and Economic Growth
Authors: Du Ding , Lew Alan A. , Ng Pin T.
Published: December 2014

Whether international tourism can lead to economic growth is an important macroeconomic question for both policy makers and investors. We extend the literature by investigating if tourism development is an additional determinant of income in the presence of the standard income determinants (such as capital accumulation), or if the effects of tourism development on economic growth work through the standard income determinants, instead. Empirically, we develop a tourism-growth model that is an extension of Solow (1956) and estimate our model with a cross-section of 109 countries. Our findings indicate that investments in tourism in and of itself appear to be insufficient for economic growth. Instead, tourism’s contribution to the long-term growth of an economy comes through its role as an integral part of a broader development strategy that is more generally focused on standard income determinants.
Bridging risk and enactment: the role of psychology in leading psychosocial research to augment the public health approach to violence in South Africa
Authors: Bowman Brett , Stevens Garth , Eagle Gillian , Matzopoulos Richard
Published: December 2014

In the wake of apartheid, many in the South African health and social sciences shifted their orientation to understanding violence. Rather than approaching violence as a criminal problem, post-apartheid scholarship surfaced violence as a threat to national health. This re-orientation was well aligned with a global groundswell that culminated in the World Health Assembly’s 1996 declaration of violence as a public health problem. In response, researchers and other stakeholders have committed to the public health approach to violence in South Africa. Despite some unquestionable successes in applying this approach, violence remains a critical social issue and its recalcitrantly high rates signal that there is still much work to be done. One avenue for more focussed research concerns understanding the mechanisms by which upstream risk factors for violence are translated into actual enactments. We argue that South African psychology is well placed to provide greater resolution to this focus. We begin by providing a brief overview of the public health approach to violence. We then point to three specific areas in which the limits to our understanding of the way that downstream psychological and upstream social risk factors converge in situations of violence, compromise the theoretical and prevention traction promised by this approach and chart several basic psychosocial research coordinates for South African psychology. Steering future studies of violence by these coordinates would go some way to addressing these limits and, in so doing, extend on the substantial gains already yielded by the public health approach to violence in South Africa.
Improved stability results for uncertain discrete-time state-delayed systems in the presence of nonlinearities
Authors: Tadepalli Siva Kumar , Kandanvli V Krishna Rao
Published: December 2014

In this paper, delay-dependent linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based stability conditions have been developed for uncertain discrete-time state-delayed systems, in which nonlinear effects in the form of limit cycles may arise due to the finite word length implementation of such systems. Two problems have been addressed in this paper. The first problem considers the discrete-time system to be under the combined influence of quantization and overflow nonlinearities and in the second problem, the system is under the influence of saturation nonlinearities. The criteria developed are based on utilizing both the delay partitioning method and reciprocally convex approach. It is demonstrated with the help of numerical examples that the presented criteria are able to yield less conservative results along with lower computational complexity than previously reported criteria.
Union representation, collective voice and job quality: An analysis of a survey of union members in the UK finance sector
Authors: Hoque Kim , Earls John , Conway Neil , Bacon Nick
Published: December 2014

This article seeks to identify whether employee perceptions of job quality are better in instances where an onsite union representative is present. It also seeks to identify whether the relationship between onsite representative presence and job quality is explained by employee perceptions of union collective voice. The analysis, based on a survey of union members in the UK finance sector, demonstrates that employee perceptions of several dimensions of job quality are better where an onsite representative is present, and that this can be explained by the higher perceptions of union collective voice that onsite representatives engender.
Crisis, structural reform and the dismantling of the European Social Model(s)
Authors: Hermann Christoph
Published: December 2014

The president of the European Central Bank, Mario Draghi, stated in an interview that the European Social Model (ESM) is ‘gone’. In the same interview he also underlined the need for structural reform as a precondition for renewed growth in Europe. The main hypothesis of this article is that the simultaneous mentioning of the end of the ESM and the need for structural reform was not a coincidence. Structural reforms as adopted during the crisis are threatening the European Social Model(s). This can also be seen in the growth of poverty and inequality in the crisis countries. The article, furthermore, argues that the shift from the Open Method of Coordination to Economic Governance could increase pressure on other countries to introduce similar reforms, further weakening the ESM.
Accurate similarity index based on the contributions of paths and end nodes for link prediction
Authors: Li Longjie , Qian Lvjian , Cheng Jianjun , Ma Min , Chen Xiaoyun
Published: December 2014

Link prediction whose intent is to discover the likelihood of the existence of a link between two disconnected nodes is an important task in complex network analysis. To perform this task, a similarity-based algorithm that employs the similarities of nodes to find links is a very popular solution. However, when calculating the similarity between two nodes, most of the similarity-based algorithms only focus on the contributions of paths connecting these two nodes but ignore the influences of these two nodes themselves. Therefore, their results are not accurate enough. In this paper, a novel similarity index, called Scop, is proposed for link prediction. By directly defining the contributions of paths to their end nodes and the contributions of end nodes themselves, Scop not only distinguishes the contributions of different paths but also integrates the contributions of end nodes. Hence, Scop can obtain better performance on accuracy. Experiments on 10 networks compared with six baselines indicate that Scop is remarkably better than others.
Reference Values of Within-District Intraclass Correlations of Academic Achievement by District Characteristics
Authors: Hedberg E. C. , Hedges Larry V.
Published: December 2014

Background:

Randomized experiments are often considered the strongest designs to study the impact of educational interventions. Perhaps the most prevalent class of designs used in large-scale education experiments is the cluster randomized design in which entire schools are assigned to treatments. In cluster randomized trials that assign schools to treatments within a set of school districts, the statistical power of the test for treatment effects depends on the within-district school-level intraclass correlation (ICC). Hedges and Hedberg (2014) recently computed within-district ICC values in 11 states using three-level models (students in schools in districts) that pooled results across all the districts within each state. Although values from these analyses are useful when working with a representative sample of districts, they may be misleading for other samples of districts because the magnitude of ICCs appears to be related to district size. To plan studies with small or nonrepresentative samples of districts, better information are needed about the relation of within-district school-level ICCs to district size.

Objective:

Our objective is to explore the relation between district size and within-district ICCs to provide reference values for math and reading achievement for Grades 3–8 by district size, poverty level, and urbanicity level. These values are not derived from pooling across all districts within a state as in previous work but are based on the direct calculation of within-district school-level ICCs for each school district.

Research Design:

We use mixed models to estimate over 7,000 district-specific ICCs for math and reading achievement in 11 states and for Grades 3–8. We then perform a random effects meta-analysis on the estimated within-district ICCs. Our analysis is performed by grade and subject for different strata designated by district size (number of schools), urbanicity, and poverty rates.
The Moderating Role of Friendship Quality on Associations Between Autonomy and Adolescent Adjustment
Authors: Collibee Charlene , LeTard Amanda J. , Wargo Aikins Julie
Published: December 2014

Both autonomy and friendship quality have consistently been associated with adolescent adjustment. To date, the potentially moderating role of peer relationships in the context of autonomy achievement has received less attention. The present study used observational and quantitative data, as well as multiple reporters, to examine interactions between adolescent friendship quality and observed autonomy among 57 ninth-grade students (42 female). Friendship quality moderated the association between autonomy and relatedness and adjustment outcomes. Specifically, for those adolescents with high levels of friendship quality, autonomy and relatedness as well as undermining of autonomy were not associated with adjustment. In contrast, friendship quality functioned as a protective factor for adolescents with low levels of autonomy and relatedness or higher levels of undermining autonomy. Results evidenced the protective function of peer relationships in the context of restricted autonomy.
Decision Regret following Treatment for Localized Breast Cancer
Authors: Martinez Kathryn A. , Li Yun , Resnicow Ken , Graff John J. , Hamilton Ann S. , Hawley Sarah T.
Published: December 2014

Background. While studies suggest most women have little regret regarding their breast cancer treatment decisions immediately following treatment, no studies to date have evaluated how regret may change over time. Objective. To measure the stability of posttreatment decision regret over time among women with breast cancer. Methods. Women diagnosed with breast cancer between August 2005 and May 2007 reported to the Detroit, Michigan, or Los Angeles County Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry and completed surveys at 9 months following diagnosis (time 1) and again approximately 4 years later (time 2). A decision regret scale consisting of 5 items was summed to create 2 decision regret scores at both time 1 and time 2 (range, 0–20). Multivariable linear regression was used to examine change in regret from 9 months to 4 years. Independent variables included surgery type, receipt of reconstruction, and recurrence status at follow-up. The model controlled for demographic and clinical factors. Results. The analytic sample included 1536 women. Mean regret in the overall sample was 4.9 at time 1 and 5.4 at time 2 ( P < 0.001). In the multivariable linear model, we found no difference in change in decision regret over time by surgery type. Reporting a new diagnosis of breast cancer at time 2 was associated with a 2.6-point increase in regret over time compared with women without an additional diagnosis ( P = 0.003). Receipt of reconstruction was not associated with change in decision regret over time. Conclusions. Decision regret following treatment was low and relatively stable over time for most women. Those facing an additional diagnosis of breast cancer following treatment may be at risk for elevated regret-related distress.
Reviving a ghost in the history of technology: The social construction of the recumbent bicycle
Authors: Ahmed Hassaan , Qureshi Omer Masood , Khan Abid Ali
Published: December 2014

Recumbent bicycles have never truly been associated with international cycling. Conventional safety (upright) bicycles have long been at the center of the cycling world, for both sport and transportation. This is despite the fact that recumbent bicycles are faster, more comfortable, and more efficient than the upright bicycles. The aim of this article is to explain the historical and social perspectives that led to the rejection of the recumbent bicycle by utilizing the theory of Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) and Bijker’s two power theory, providing a contrast with the adoption of the safety bicycle.
Catching Fish and Avoiding Sharks
Authors: Howard Steven J. , Okely Anthony D.
Published: December 2014

Although researchers agree that the first 5 years of life are critical for children’s developing executive functions (EFs), further advances are hindered by a lack of consensus on the design and selection of developmentally appropriate EF tasks for young children. Given this debate, well-established adult measures of EF routinely have been adapted for young children. Given young children’s comparatively limited cognitive capacities, however, such adaptations do not guarantee that the task’s critical EF demands are retained. To investigate this possibility, the current study examined the characteristics that optimize measurement of young children’s EFs—specifically, their inhibitory control—using the go/no-go (GNG) task as an exemplar. Sixty preschoolers completed six GNG tasks differing in stimulus animation, presentation time, and response location. Comparison EF tasks were administered to examine concurrent validity of GNG variants. Results indicated effects of stimulus presentation time and response location, with animation further enhancing task validity and reliability. This suggests that current GNG tasks deflate estimates of young children’s ability to inhibit, with implications for future design and selection of developmentally appropriate EF tasks.
Survey Study Assessing Attitudes and Experiences of Pediatric Registered Dietitians Regarding Blended Food by Gastrostomy Tube Feeding
Authors: Johnson Teresa W. , Spurlock Amy , Pierce Leah
Published: December 2014

Background: Families of children requiring nutrition support may be interested in providing blenderized food by gastrostomy tube (BFGT). Some registered dietitians (RDs) recommend partial or full BFGT for children with tube feeding intolerance who are unresponsive to standard interventions. There is little published information on the safety and efficacy of BFGT feeding. The purpose of this survey was to elicit experiences of pediatric RDs with BFGT in clinical practices. Methods: A survey instrument was distributed to members of the Pediatric Nutrition Practice Group to report experiences of BFGT in clinical practice. Results: Response rate was 9.9% of total members (N = 2,448). Over half (58%) of the 244 respondents use and recommend BFGT. Reasons for use included parent request (70.2%), tube feeding intolerance (22.9%), and inability to obtain commercial formula (6.1%). Seventy‐nine percent reported an overall positive outcome with BFGT. Older RDs were more familiar with BFGT but less likely to use it compared with younger RDs who use BFGT or wanted more information (P = .007). Twelve percent did not use or recommend BFGT due to concerns about bacterial contamination, unknown nutrient composition, inability to provide follow‐up, and/or facility policy violations. Twenty‐eight percent were familiar with BFGT but wanted more information. Conclusions: Interest in BFGT is largely parent‐driven or explored as an option for children with tube feeding intolerance. Almost 80% of RDs using this feeding substrate report overall positive outcomes, but 28% indicate they want more information on using BFGT in clinical practice.
Alcohol Use, Alcohol-Related Outcome Expectancies, and Partner Aggression Among Males Court-Mandated to Batterer Intervention Programs
Authors: Brasfield Hope , Morean Meghan E. , Febres Jeniimarie , Shorey Ryan C. , Moore Todd M. , (Zuckosky) Zapor Heather , Elmquist JoAnna , Wolford-Clevenger Caitlin , Labrecque Lindsay , Plasencia Maribel , Stuart Gregory L.
Published: December 2014

Additional work is needed to determine how and/or why the relationship between alcohol use and increased risk of partner aggression (PA) exists. Researchers have begun to examine whether alcohol-related outcome expectancies (i.e., beliefs about the cognitive and behavioral effects of alcohol) are associated with PA irrespective of alcohol use. We examined the relationship between alcohol use, alcohol expectancies, and PA among 360 males arrested for a domestic violence offense and court-mandated to treatment. Results indicate that certain alcohol expectancies do play a role in the relationship between alcohol use and some forms of PA.
Diverting Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth With Behavioral Health Issues From Detention
Authors: Kretschmar Jeff M. , Butcher Fredrick , Flannery Daniel J. , Singer Mark I.
Published: December 2014

Nationally, well over half of juvenile justice-involved youth report behavioral health impairment. Although the juvenile justice system may be the first place a youth is screened for behavioral health problems, the system is often ill-prepared to properly treat these youth. In response to the growing number of youth entering the juvenile justice system with behavioral health issues and the lack of proper care in these facilities, many communities have developed diversion programs as an alternative to detention. The current study investigated Ohio’s Behavioral Health Juvenile Justice (BHJJ) program, a diversion program for juvenile justice-involved youth with behavioral health issues that provides evidence-and community-based behavioral health treatment. Results indicated BHJJ was effective at improving behavioral health outcomes, including general functioning and trauma symptomatology, and reducing future delinquency. Analyses also examined the variables that predicted successful treatment completion and future adjudications. Implications for juvenile justice programming and policy are discussed.
Valine amino acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube/chitosan green nanocomposite membranes
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Madani Maryam
Published: December 2014

The aim of this research was to align functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)–valine amino acid into a chitosan matrix. At first, the MWCNTs were functionalized with valine amino acid and chitosan/grafted MWCNT-valine composites were prepared via covalently bonding of chitosan on the surface of MWCNT-valine. The functionalized MWCNTs and resulting films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A significant synergistic effect of MWCNT provided enhanced mechanical properties and thermal stability on the obtained nanocomposites.
Measurements of the characteristics of particle emissions from a port fuel injection engine
Authors: Saeed Khizer , Fletcher Nicholas , Salvage Jonathan
Published: December 2014

The characteristics of particle emissions from gasoline port fuel injection engines have not been fully investigated and established in comparison with those from direct-injection spark ignition engines. This paper aims to evaluate a new measurement system that could potentially be adapted later to allow a much wider examination of particulate production from port fuel injection engines relative to gasoline direct-injection engines. This work presents the morphology of the particles emitted from port fuel injection engines analysed using scanning transmission electron microscopy. The current designs of dilution tunnel used in particle morphology measurements were reviewed, and subsequently a new dilution tunnel was designed, built, tested and optimised for nanoparticle measurements from port fuel injection engines. A new methodology for capturing nanoparticles from port fuel injection engines for morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy was investigated by integrating a nanoparticle impactor with a dilution tunnel. The performance of the dilution tunnel demonstrated that it integrated very well with the impactor and achieved the targets in terms of the flow rate and the temperature. The widest variety of particle morphologies, including liquid particles, was observed on the transmission electron microscopy grid from impactor plate A. In addition to soot agglomerates, crystalline particles and salt particles were also seen. In contrast with earlier studies, particle fragmentation was also observed.
Minimisation of the capital costs and energy usage in a district heating network
Authors: Pirouti Marouf , Bagdanavicius Audrius , Wu Jianzhong , Jenkins Nick , Ekanayake Janaka
Published: December 2014

A new approach to minimise capital costs and energy usage in a district heating network is presented. The method comprises a two-stage programming model, which synthesises design and the optimal operation of a district heating network. Two different optimisation approaches—(a) minimising the annual total energy usage, and (b) minimising the equivalent annual cost of the heat network installation and operation—were examined and high and low temperatures district heating were investigated. For each optimisation approach, the minimum optimal annual total energy usage and minimum optimal equivalent annual cost were calculated and suitable pipe and pump sizes, taking into account different supply and return temperature regimes, target pressure losses and operating strategies within a district heating network were found. Design cases with minimum annual total energy usage and minimum equivalent annual cost used rather small pipe diameters and large pressure drops. This in turn reduced the annual total energy usage and the equivalent annual cost and the suitable pipe and pump sizes were selected. In addition, it was observed that by reducing the water temperature, the annual total energy usage and the equivalent annual cost could be reduced further. However, the obtained design cases based on a low temperature had relatively larger pipe sizes and smaller pressure drops compared with design cases obtained for the high temperature district heating.
The future of medical self-regulation in the United Kingdom – Renegotiating the state–profession bargain?
Authors: Davies Mark
Published: December 2014

In April 2014, the Law Commission published its report, Regulation of Health Care Professionals and Regulation of Social Care Professionals in England. This provides a timely reminder that medical regulation remains potentially problematic and contentious. In this article, I review the origins of the so-called state–medical profession bargain created in 1858, the history of its effectiveness, or lack of effectiveness, and the extent to which recent regulatory developments and the Law Commission proposals constitute significant renegotiation of the bargain. I conclude by considering whether the proposal may even represent the beginnings of state imposition of a new bargain, in which other health-care professions might significantly challenge the traditional dominance of doctors.
A Methodology to Estimate the Interest Rate Yield Curve in Illiquid Market
Authors: Chakroun Fatma , Abid Fathi
Published: December 2014

The aim of this article is to develop a methodology to estimate the interest rate yield curve and its dynamics in the Tunisian bond market, which is considered as an illiquid market with a low trading volume. To achieve this, first, we apply the cubic spline interpolation method to deal with the missing observation problem. Second, we focus on the work of Vasicek ( 1977 ) and Cox-Ingersoll and Ross (CIR) (1985), we estimate each model and discuss its performance in predicting the dynamics of the interest rate yield curve using ordinary least squares (OLS) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) methods. The data sample consists of Treasury bond prices for the period from 14 July 2004 to 10 September 2012 collected from over the counter market. This assessment is done by Matlab software using the specified algorithms. The results suggest that the cubic spline method is accurate for construction of the average interest rate yield curve. Then, the estimation of Vasicek ( 1977 ) and CIR (1985) models generate an upward sloping yield curves and the Vasicek ( 1977 ) model shows more ability to replicate the stylised facts of the short-term interest rates in the Tunisian bond market. Finally, the forecasting of the yield curve predicts an economic growth in the future characterised by a higher inflation.

JEL Classification: G12
The Gaming Involvement and Informal Learning Framework
Authors: Iacovides Ioanna , McAndrew Patrick , Scanlon Eileen , Aczel James
Published: December 2014

Aim. This article presents a model of how gaming involvement and informal learning come together in practice.

Method. Based on a series of interviews, case studies, and a wider survey, the Gaming Involvement and Informal Learning (GIIL) framework indicates how involvement with a variety of gaming practices can lead to a range of different learning experiences.

Results. The framework is able to account for both how and what people learn from gaming while also highlighting the influence of player identity. Further, the iterative relationship between identity, involvement, and learning is emphasized: The more strongly someone identifies themselves as a gamer, the greater their micro- and macro-level involvement and the more likely they are to learn from their gaming experiences.

Conclusion. The implications of the findings are discussed with regard to informal and formal learning.
When Accuracy Isn’t Everything
Authors: Harvey Sarah
Published: December 2014

Information elaboration is the mechanism through which diverse group members share unique knowledge and perspectives to form better and more creative responses to tasks. However, little is known about the conditions under which group members will be willing and motivated to engage in information elaboration. This article presents a field study conducted in an energy company to investigate that issue. Regression analysis of survey responses suggests that group members who have deep, underlying differences in perspective from the group engage in less information elaboration, particularly if they perceive themselves as similar to the group. Recognizing deep-level differences is helpful, however, when an individual also differs from the group in surface-level characteristics, because those differences improve information elaboration. This finding suggests that surface-level diversity prompts group members to understand and appreciate their deep-level differences.
Team Role Experience and Orientation
Authors: Mathieu John E. , Tannenbaum Scott I. , Kukenberger Michael R. , Donsbach Jamie S. , Alliger George M.
Published: December 2014

We review and synthesize previous team research and suggest that individuals’ previous experiences and orientations combine to yield predispositions to occupy six different team roles, which we refer to as Team Role Experience and Orientation (TREO) dimensions. We report the development of a survey measure of TREO dimensions and establish its content validity using a sample of subject matter experts’ item classifications. Furthermore, we provide evidence that TREO dimensions are distinguishable from, but related to, measures of the “Big 5” personality constructs. We also illustrate the temporal stability of the measures. Moreover, we test the predictive validity of TREO scores as related to peer ratings of members’ behaviors during team activities. We discuss future theoretical and research implications of TREO dimensions, and potential future applications of the measure.
Integrating Electronic Health Records in the Delivery of Optimized Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Nutescu Edith A. , Wittkowsky Ann K. , Witt Daniel M. , Kaatz Scott , Ansell Jack , Burnett Allison , Garcia David , Lopes Renato D. , Oertel Lynn , Schnurr Terri , Streiff Michael , Wirth Diane , Crowther Mark
Published: December 2014

Integration of accepted practice standards into electronic health record systems can facilitate standardization of anticoagulation care delivery and result in improved anticoagulation safety. However, the majority of commonly used electronic health record systems are lacking the specialized features necessary for optimal anticoagulation management. The Task Force on Electronic Health Records of the New York State Anticoagulation Coalition provides such a Consensus Statement in this issue of the journal. The Anticoagulation Forum endorses these recommendations and advises the electronic health record industry and health information technology programmers at the institutional level to adopt these recommendations in a comprehensive and timely manner.
Perceived Characteristics of Intervention Scale
Authors: Cook Joan M. , Thompson Richard , Schnurr Paula P.
Published: December 2014

The Perceived Characteristics of Intervention Scale (PCIS), a 20-item assessment measure, was developed to assess health care providers’ views of interventions. Two hundred and fifteen Department of Veterans Affairs’ residential treatment providers from 38 programs across the United States completed an online survey that included the PCIS as well as self-reported use of two evidence-based treatments. The PCIS was anchored to ask about two evidence-based psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder, prolonged exposure, and cognitive processing therapy. The PCIS is a reliable measure of perceived characteristics of interventions, with some preliminary support for its validity. Consideration of providers’ perceptions of particular evidence-based treatments may serve as an aid to improve their dissemination, implementation, and sustained use.
Functional Impairment Variability in Children With ADHD Due to Emotional Impulsivity
Authors: Walerius Danielle M. , Reyes Rachel A. , Rosen Paul J. , Factor Perry I.
Published: December 2014

Objective: The present study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the effects of emotional impulsivity on overall functional impairment and functional impairment variability (FIV) of children with and without ADHD. Method: Parents of 74 children, 8- to 12-year-olds (42 with ADHD, 32 without ADHD), completed EMA assessment protocol ratings of their child’s mood (3 times daily) and functional impairment (1 time daily) over the course of 28 days. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses supported the interaction of ADHD diagnostic status and greater EMA-derived emotional impulsivity in the estimation of total functional impairment (Total FI) and FIV. Thus, greater emotional impulsivity was found to be related to greater Total FI and FIV among children with ADHD but not among children without ADHD. Conclusion: This study suggests that children with ADHD and greater emotional impulsivity demonstrate greater overall levels of functional impairment, with the severity of their impairment varying significantly over time.
Trust in health information websites: A systematic literature review on the antecedents of trust
Authors: Kim Yeolib
Published: December 2014

Health websites are important sources of information for consumers. In choosing websites, trust in websites largely determines which website to access and how to best utilize the information. Thus, it is critical to understand why consumers trust certain websites and distrust others. A systematic literature review was conducted with the goal of identifying the antecedents of trust in health information websites. After four rounds of screening process, 20 articles between 2000 and 2013 were harvested. Factors that determine trust are classified into individual difference antecedents, website-related antecedents, and consumer-to-website interaction-related antecedents. The most frequently studied antecedents were socio-demographics, information quality, appearance, and perceived reputation of the website. Each antecedent of trust are discussed in detail and future research directions are proposed.
Discourse markers in writing
Authors: Fox Tree Jean E.
Published: December 2014

Words like well, oh, and you know have long been observed and studied in spontaneous speech. With the proliferation of on-line dialogues, such as instant messaging between friends or back-and-forth postings at websites, there are increasing opportunities to observe them in spontaneous writing. In Experiment 1, the interpretation of discourse markers in on-line debates was compared to proposed functions of those markers identified in other settings. In Experiment 2, the use of discourse markers in spontaneous speech was compared to their uses in spontaneous writing. Results support the conclusion that although they vary in frequency in spoken versus written domains, discourse markers are used similarly across domains, but with particular communicative functions that make them non-interchangeable.
A novel NH3 slip control for diesel engine selective catalytic reduction aftertreatment system
Authors: Yuan Xinmei , Gao Ying , Wang Xiulei
Published: December 2014

To meet the future emission legislations, selective catalytic reduction aftertreatment system becomes a leading aftertreatment technique for heavy-duty diesel engines. In this article, a two-cell selective catalytic reduction model is first calibrated and verified on an experimental test bench. In order to regulate the ammonia coverage ratio in a proper range, an ammonia storage control is proposed based on the selective catalytic reduction model. The problem of NH3 slip during temperature rise is discussed and a corresponding perturbation injection control is proposed to buffer the sudden change in selective catalytic reduction ammonia storage capability. The NH3 slip control performance of the proposed strategy is experimentally validated in European Transient Cycle.
Toleration out of conflicts. Review article of Reiner Forst’s ‘Toleration in Conflicts’
Authors: Galeotti Elisabetta
Published: December 2014

Rainer Forst's Toleration in Conflict is a significant contribution to the important topic of toleration. Its critical survey of various arguments for and around toleration is thorough and rigorous. However, although Forst's argument for the respect concept of toleration is persuasive, the claim that this is a tolerant theory of toleration located at a higher level than other arguments is perhaps less so.
Camus and Nietzsche on politics in an age of absurdity
Authors: Derek Illing Sean
Published: December 2014

This article examines the significance of Friedrich Nietzsche to Albert Camus’ concepts of absurdity and revolt. It rests on three related claims. First, that Nietzsche’s critique of metaphysics (foundationalism) is the point of departure for Camus’ absurdist inquiries. Second, that Camus’ philosophy of revolt is informed in crucial ways by Nietzsche’s views on the sources of moral and intellectual authority in the modern world. Finally, that Camusian revolt is an attempt to deal with the political crisis of foundationalism in a way that preserves Nietzsche’s anti-essentialism while also avoiding the excesses of absolutist politics. Ultimately, I suggest that the origins and implications of Camus’ project cannot be grasped apart from an account of its engagement with Nietzsche.