bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventilación mecánica no invasiva en crisis asmática
Authors: Cáceres, MD. Eder , Varón V., MD., MSc. Fabio Andrés
Published: March 2018

Crisis asmática es un término que agrupa una serie de entidades de severidad variable que pueden presentarse en el paciente con asma, tienen en común la presencia de fatiga muscular debido al aumento exagerado del trabajo respiratorio, y pueden causar complicaciones, incluso paro cardiorrespiratorio. En los pacientes con exacerbación asmática severa o moderada la necesidad del soporte ventilatorio, invasivo o no invasivo, dependerá en parte del juicio clínico y de la respuesta al tratamiento farmacológico, los signos clínicos y gasimétricos de fatiga muscular y la alteración del estado de conciencia. En esta revisión se describen los conceptos fisiológicos del paciente con exacerbación severa y asma que tienen la probabilidad de requerir soporte ventilatorio invasivo o no invasivo, sus metas y parámetros de control.
Asma infantil severa
Authors: Villamil Osorio, MD. Milena , Restrepo Gualteros, MD. Sonia M. , Rodríguez Martínez, MD. Carlos E.
Published: March 2018

El asma es una enfermedad crónica de distribución global heterogénea con importantes diferencias en niños y adultos, incluye todos los grupos étnicos y tiene un impacto socioeconómico considerable, la forma severa afecta al 4,5% de la población infantil. Se describe el caso de una paciente con asma severa y se revisa la literatura. Se ha intentado establecer fenotipos de asma severa en niños considerando 4 grupos, de inicio tardío con función pulmonar normal, de inicio temprano, atópico con función pulmonar normal, de inicio temprano atópico con leve limitación al flujo aéreo y de inicio temprano con avanzada limitación del flujo aéreo. El tratamiento incluye manejo farmacológico y no farmacológico y es fundamental la adherencia a las medidas ordenadas.
Consumo de tabaco en poblaciones estigmatizadas: una revisión de la literatura en Pubmed Tabaco en población estigmatizada
Authors: Bravo Adriana , Cabrera María Carolina , Gómez Luisa Fernanda , Pinto Andrés Felipe , Rosselli Diego
Published: March 2018

Introducción: las poblaciones de esquizofrénicos, homosexuales, presidiarios y trabajadores sexuales, están expuestas a factores de riesgo que afectan su morbimortalidad.Objetivo: revisar la literatura indexada en PubMed para tratar de cuantificar el incremento del consumo de tabaco en estos grupos.Materiales y métodos: se diseñó una estrategia de búsqueda sensible para cada uno de los grupos de interés. Dos integrantes del equipo revisaron títulos y resúmenes independientemente para excluir los irrelevantes. Luego de conseguir los textos completos se tabuló la información de cada estudio.Resultados: de 1.894 referencias, se excluyeron 1.365 en un primer filtro, 91 no se consiguieron y 206 estudios, provenientes de 31 países, aportaron información (101 de esquizofrenia, 68 de población homosexual, 31 de presidiarios y 6 de trabajadores sexuales). Las razones de disparidad (IC 95 %) contra grupo control fueron: esquizofrénicos 3,34 (2,95 - 3,78); población homosexual 2,03 (1,84 – 2,26); presidiarios hombres 6,60 (5,15 - 8,46), mujeres 9,72 (5,95 - 15,90) y trabajadoras sexuales 26,3 (6,7 – 103,2).Discusión: el consumo de tabaco es consistentemente elevado en estos grupos estigmatizados. Unido a otros estilos de vida poco saludables explican por qué sus riesgos en salud son mayores. Es necesario diseñar estrategias de intervención específicas para cada grupo.
Silicosis pulmonar
Authors: Mier Osejo, MD. José E. , Mier Iñiguez, MD. Claudia Lucía
Published: March 2018

La silicosis, término derivado del latín “sílex” (pedernal), es quizá la enfermedad ocupacional más antigua dentro del grupo de las neumoconiosis, pudiendo existir incluso desde el paleolítico. Fue descrita por Hipócrates cuando observó cierta dificultad respiratoria en los excavadores del metal. El polvo de sílice es el principal constituyente de la arena, de ahí que la exposición sea frecuente entre los mineros del oro, los cortadores de piedra arenisca y granito, los obreros de las fundiciones, los mineros y los alfareros. Una de las exposiciones más nocivas es la que sufren los trabajadores que emplean el chorro de arena en las fundiciones para desincrustar las piezas metálicas o limpiar las piezas de fundición, y la percusión con taladro y martillo en las minas. Aparece cuando se respiran polvos que contienen sílice libre (SiO2 ), como el cuarzo, la arena y el granito (60% de SiO2 ).
Validación en español del cuestionario específico para enfermedad respiratoria crónica autodiligenciado (CRQ-AUTOSELF)
Authors: Chapeton Chaves, FT. Olga , Fernández T., MD. Liliana , Martínez, MD. William , Sanabria, MD. Fernando , Lenis, FT. Juliana , Castro, FT. Nandy , Castillo, MD., MSc. Alejandro
Published: March 2018

Introducción: el cuestionario de Calidad de Vida relacionada con salud CRQ (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire) se cita en numerosos estudios que evalúan el impacto de las intervenciones no farmacológicas de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y requiere entrevistador con entrenamiento, lo cual demanda tiempo. La versión autoadministrada ha demostrado excelente validez y sensibilidad para detectar los cambios, comparado con otros instrumentos; pese a ser validada al castellano peninsular, los términos utilizados no son claros ni familiares para la población hispana.Objetivo: validar al español hispanoamericano del CRQ autoadministrado, en una gama amplia de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas.Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal de validación de una escala que contó con adaptación cultural y traducción de la versión original en inglés; para realizar la validación y el análisis factorial se utilizó el criterio de por lo menos 5 personas o participantes por cada ítem que tuviera el instrumento. En este caso, la escala CRQ tiene 20 ítems, para un total de 126 participantes. El análisis de datos se hizo en el programa STATA versión 10,0.Resultados: se incluyeron 126 pacientes que diligenciaron toda la escala. Se realizó el análisis factorial del instrumento; inicialmente se calculó el índice KMO, que se encontró en 0,92, lo que hace concluir que la matriz obtenida es factorizable. Se realizó el análisis factorial por componentes principales y se extrajeron cuatro factores que explican el 71,1% de la varianza.Conclusiones: los resultados del estudio aportan evidencia acerca de la validez y confiabilidad de la escala en la versión autodiligenciada del CRQ en sujetos con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y otras enfermedades pulmonares avanzadas.
Utilidad del lavado broncoalveolar en el diagnóstico de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica
Authors: Ortiz, MD. Guillermo , Lara García, MD. Antonio , Garay Fernández, MD. Manuel
Published: March 2018

La neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica es la principal causa de infección y muerte en la unidad de cuidado intensivo. El diagnóstico implica la presencia de signos sistémicos de infección, infiltrados pulmonares nuevos o que empeoran y pruebas bacteriológicas positivas; sin embargo todas estas son características no específicas que pueden ser causadas por múltiples circunstancias en el paciente critico. Además, el inicio tardío o inadecuado de antibióticos también empeora el pronóstico y el desenlace en la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica, por tanto la información microbiológica es de vital importancia para disminuir la brecha del tratamiento empírico.Las técnicas para toma de muestras invasivas del tracto respiratorio inferior incluyen la fibrobroncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar o cepillo protegido, cuyas muestras se procesan para obtener el aislamiento cuantitativo de los gérmenes. Las técnicas no broncoscópicas descritas incluyen el aspirado endotraqueal y el mini-lavado broncoalveolar, que tienen un punto de corte diferente en los cultivos para ser considerados positivos. La decisión del mejor método de toma de muestra para el diagnóstico de neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica, sigue siendo controversial y hasta ahora ninguno ha demostrado ser superior. Así entonces, se recomienda utilizar aquella técnica que pueda ser obtenida de forma rápida en cada centro por parte de personal experimentado y familiarizado con la misma. La terapia temprana y correcta para el manejo de esta condición ha demostrado su relevancia a través de múltiples estudios que se analizan es este artículo. La interpretación meticulosa de los resultados de los cultivos debe llevar a de-escalar la terapia antibiótica para cumplir con las políticas de uso apropiado de antibióticos y disminución de la mortalidad.
Neumonía intersticial linfocítica asociada a lupus eritematoso sistémico. Una neumopatía infrecuente pero no inexistente
Authors: Casallas Rivera, MD. Martha Alejandra , González Muñoz, MD. Alejandro , Ospina Perdomo, MD. María José
Published: March 2018

La neumonía intersticial linfocitaria es una entidad poco frecuente, constituida por una hiperplasia linfoide no neoplásica del tejido linfoideo intersticial pulmonar. Está asociada a fenómenos autoinmunes o infecciones virales, virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana o mononucleosis, así como al lupus eritematoso sistémico aunque es poco común. La sintomatología es variable: tos seca, dolor torácico, disnea, y en menor frecuencia fiebre, artralgias y pérdida de peso.Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 40 años de edad con antecedente de lupus eritematoso sistémico diagnosticado en 1998, quien presentó patología pulmonar compatible con neumonía intersticial linfocitaria confirmada por clínica, hallazgos radiológicos e histopatológicos; fue tratada con corticoide, ciclofosfamida, azatioprina e inmunoglobulina, pero debido al compromiso inmunológico ha desarrollado varias complicaciones infecciosas.
Anticuerpos monoclonales para el manejo del asma: de las guías a la medicina personalizada
Authors: Silva E. MD. Diana L. , Ramírez Z., MD. Luis Fernando , Serrano R., MD. Carlos Daniel
Published: March 2018

El asma es una enfermedad multifactorial y compleja, con diferentes grados de riesgo y gravedad, así como de respuesta al tratamiento. La mayoría de veces, los medicamentos disponibles son efectivos en el asma grave; sin embargo, existe un porcentaje de pacientes que no responde al tratamiento que sugieren las guías. En los últimos años ha venido investigándose el papel de moléculas inflamatorias que contribuyen a la fisiopatología del asma, y muchas de ellas se han considerado posibles dianas en el manejo del asma grave. Como consecuencia de esto, se han desarrollado algunos anticuerpos monoclonales que han probado su efectividad en el tratamiento de la enfermedad. El estudio de estas nuevas terapias ha permitido a su vez identificar nuevas vías inflamatorias específicas. Este artículo pretende dar una visión crítica de las guías actuales para el manejo del asma grave, así como discutir su tratamiento actual y futuro, a la luz de las nuevas evidencias moleculares. Mediante una caracterización adecuada, se podrán reconocer diferentes fenotipos que a su vez están asociados con un determinado biomarcador, el cuál deberá utilizarse para seleccionar el tratamiento que pueda ofrecer la mayor efectividad en estos pacientes. De esta forma, el tratamiento estará dirigiéndose hacia una medicina personalizada.
Tumor escamocelular pulmonar bien diferenciado que se presenta con cavitación, infiltración de reja costal y fístula a pared del tórax
Authors: Medina, MD. Camilo Andrés , Sua, MD., PhD. Luz Fernanda , Fernández T. MD. Liliana
Published: March 2018

El cáncer escamocelular de pulmón es una patología de prevalencia alta en el mundo, en especial en personas fumadoras. Típicamente afecta la vía respiratoria de conducción y la variedad papilar tiende a invadir los bronquios. Los síntomas más frecuentes son causados por el efecto mecánico en la vía aérea inferior e incluyen tos, hemoptisis y neumonías recurrentes. Se expone el caso de un paciente con un tumor escamocelular bien diferenciado de pulmón con comportamiento atípico y agresivo, compromiso de la vía aérea, la pleura, la reja costal y los tejidos blandos del tórax hasta la piel; además de sus manifestaciones clínicas, estudios diagnósticos y la revisión de la literatura al respecto. El carcinoma escamocelular pulmonar forma parte de los tumores de células no pequeñas del pulmón. Es una neoplasia maligna típicamente productora de queratina que se diferencia por la histología y los estudios de inmunohistoquímica tiene una prevalencia mayor en los fumadores o exfumadores los cuales representan el 90% de los casos, el diagnóstico oportuno mejora la supervivencia y calidad de vida de los pacientes afectados. En este oportunidad presentamos un caso con comportamiento atipico que nos enseña a incluirlo en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones que comprometen la pared del tórax.
Colapsoterapia con protesis mamaria expandible en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar
Authors: Posada Moreno Pablo , Ocampo Carlos Mauricio , Posada Uribe Lord Larry
Published: March 2018

La colapsoterapia es una técnica usada para obliterar lesiones cavernomatosas por destrucción pulmonar como secuelas de infecciones por tuberculosis. Fue descrita inicialmente en 1882 y se utilizaron diversos materiales como tejido adiposo y óseo, mezcla de varias parafinas y esferas de polimetilmetacrilato (esferas de Lucite), que causaron complicaciones importantes. Con el advenimiento de la terapia antibiótica disminuyó su uso dada la excelente respuesta al tratamiento. En la actualidad y en especial por la aparición de cepas multidrogorresistentes, se están presentado casos nuevos de pacientes con cavernas extensas cuya única opción terapéutica es la intervención quirúrgica para obliterar la caverna. En este contexto, desempeña, un papel importante las prótesis mamarias expandibles ya que disminuyen las complicaciones generadas por las técnicas empleadas en el pasado. Se expone el caso de un paciente de 49 años con tuberculosis de difícil manejo asociada a gran caverna pulmonar tratada con colapsoterapia con prótesis mamaria expandible con respuesta excelente a corto plazo.
Proteinosis alveolar
Authors: Bula G. Carlos , Santiago H. Ernesto , Martínez O. Brenda , Reyes Melisa , Pabón R. Ricardo
Published: March 2018

La proteinosis alveolar pulmonar es una enfermedad rara, caracterizada por la acumulación de surfactante en el interior del espacio alveolar, que conduce a una alteración del intercambio gaseoso. El curso clínico es variable, abarcando desde la resolución espontánea hasta la falla respiratoria y la muerte. Se han descrito tres formas: la genética, la secundaria y la primaria o idiopática; esta última es la más frecuente en la población adulta. La fisiopatología está dada por un proceso autoinmune dirigido contra el factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos y macrófagos (GM-CSF), que condiciona un defecto funcional en los macrófagos que conlleva acumulación intraalveolar de surfactante y manifestaciones infecciosas pulmonares y extrapulmonares, a menudo por gérmenes no usuales. El conjunto de datos aportados por las imágenes, la disociación clínico-radiológica y material de lavado broncoalveolar, en general son suficientes para el diagnóstico, aunque en ocasiones se requiere de la histopatología para su confirmación. El tratamiento recomendado es el lavado pulmonar total. La mortalidad es baja y se relaciona fundamentalmente con las complicaciones infecciosas. Se describe caso clínico de proteinosis alveolar pulmonar, cuyo diagnóstico requirió estudio histopatológico de biopsia pulmonar por toracoscopia y se hace una revisión de la literatura.
Geomorphic Regionalization of Coastal Zone Using Geospatial Technology
Authors: Mishra Manoranjan
Published: March 2018

The world coastal environment is made of diversified landforms and are also potentially vulnerable to climate
variability, delta sinking, extreme events and anthropogenic interferences. Sustainable management of coastal
resources and transforming quality ecosystem services to future generation are the goals of Integrated Coastal
Zone Management (ICZM). Geographical homogenous unit are the basic implementation locus and back bone
of these kinds of integrated management strategy and activities. However, coastal zone management projects in
developing world using use arbitrary land-ward and sea-ward boundaries from physical reference as unit of
management. The oversimplified fixed distance approaches are not able to map the spatial and temporal
changes in coastal systems. The spatio-temporal variations of coastal systems are configured in geomorphic
landforms and further that work on interaction between natural forces and anthropogenic inputs. The present
research work is an attempt to present a simplified method of regionalization geomorphic landforms using
geospatial platforms for delineating Orissa coast into smaller homogenous geographic unit as reference point
for future management. Geomorphic landforms are reconstructed using Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus
(ETM+) imagery, Survey of India topomaps, field survey and Digital Elevation Model data at geographic
information system (GIS) plat form. Seventy geomorphic features covering an area of 5033.64 km2 were
identified and further, regionalized into five homogenous geographic units. The need of time is to recognize
unsustainable coastal systems in these homogenous geographic units by fine tuning development parameters
and also same time allowing coastal systems to adapt naturally to any kind of variability. Although, the
methodology applied to Orissa for delineation homogenous geographic area but it can be replicated to any
coast in world.
Underwater Noise Pollution at the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus)
Authors: Gazioğlu Cem , Okutan Volkan
Published: March 2018

Underwater noise pollution (UNP) has become a major concern in marine habitats, which is intense
anthropogenic noise in the marine (aquatic) environment. It is caused by ship traffic, oceanographic
experiments, and use of explosives in geophysical research, underwater construction, active sonars and seismic
survey techniques. Oceans are much nosier than 1960s. Narrow and shallow channel noisy aquatic
environments where noise levels reach the highest value is not surprising. The Strait of Istanbul (SoI;
Bosphorus) is one of the most important maritime passages (app. 50 000 vessel/year or 140 vessel/day) which
is situated between the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea are also biologically extremely important gateway not
only it provides access to a channel. Many of the varieties of fish migration hunting value are realized through
the TSS. Local maritime traffic is another important acoustic sources which are more than 3 000 elements
(Kesgin and Vardar, 2001) of everyday local traffic in SoI, which are causing noise in the 2 and 10 kHz range.
Large vessels create signals both in bands below 1 kHz (main engine, electrical instruments) cavitation noise
creates higher frequency bands. Almost all elements of marine traffic in SoI located therefore encountered
UND in all bands.
Importance and Vulnerability Analyses for Functional Zoning in a Coastal District of Turkey
Authors: Şeker Dursun Zafer , Tanık Ayşegül , Çitil Ercan , Öztürk İzzet , Övez Suleyman , Baycan Tuzin
Published: March 2018

Functional zoning of
Akcakoca District located along the Western Black Sea Coast of Turkey is
achieved by implementing the ‘Methodology for Spatial Planning for the Coastal
Zone’ developed by European Union  for
coastal areas. The aim of applying the methodology was to realize functional zoning
of the district that will eventually lead to spatial planning. In this
technique, a typical base map at an appropriate scale and thematic layers are
prepared for each of the environmental components for further analyses. The
possibility to overlap different layers according to a specified procedure and
to realize new theme mapping is a considerable factor while using GIS for the
functional zoning.  Identical grading
system has been applied to each layer formed in order to achieve the overall
importance and vulnerability maps of especially the natural components of the
district. Functional zoning map is further developed through comparing
different layers and current land-use information obtained from satellite
imagery coupled with the findings of both the importance and vulnerability
analyses. This attempt of applying such a methodology was a significant study
as it addressed the decision makers on the multi criteria analyses through the
visualized maps of different layers.
Mapping of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile Meadows Using Geographic Information Systems: A case study in Ufakdere - Kaş (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Demir Volkan , Okudan Aslan Emine Ş. , Zeki Sibel , Yılmaz İ. Noyan , Gazioğlu Cem
Published: March 2018

Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile 1813 is an endemic and the most widespread seagrass species of the
Mediterranean Sea. Seagrass meadows are one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing habitat to
numerous organisms. Therefore, mapping of seagrass meadows is of crucial importance for conservation and
coastal management purposes. Here we present an integrated geographic information system approach with
SCUBA diving, providing a cost effective method to monitor seagrass beds at shallow coastal habitats. In this
case study P. oceanica meadows were mapped in Ufakdere region of Kaş (Antalya) coastal area between April
– September 2015. A total of 25000 m2
are were screened to create seagrass coverage maps. Results indicate that
P. oceanica meadows cover 21200 m2
and we estimated that 520 m2 of this area is highly damaged. This
integrated approach provided one of the most detailed small-scale Posidonia mapping in Turkey and this time
and cost effective methodology can be applied to any seagrass meadow with great ease to increase our knowledge
on this important habitat.
The Analysis of GPS Data in Different Observation Periods Using Online GNSS Process Services
Authors: Gülmez Sümeyra , Tuşat Ekrem
Published: March 2018

The usability and the accuracy of internet-based position determination services which have gained importance
in recent years is one of the up-to-date subjects of studies. Online processing services have more advantages
than commercial and scientific software; since they are easy to use, require less experience and free because
they get quick results. In this study, GPS observation files in rinex format belonging to 6 stations were
evaluated using Auspos, Magic-GNSS and Opus services then the results were obtained. Three systems
showed the similar results for the results obtained according to 24-hour measurement period. In the second
study, observation files were divided into 12, 6 and 2 hour groups and after the results were obtained they were
compared to 24-hour results. According to the reports, it was seen that the accuracy decreased as the
observation period got shorter. In all three systems, 24 and 12-hour observation accuracy occurs in cm
measures. In 6 and 2 hour periods where the observation period is shorter, accuracy value reaches to 3-4 cm.
According to these results, it is seen that although it generally depends on observation period, internet-based
position determination services sustain adequate accuracy for basic geodetic network application that the
topographical engineering needs.
Spatial Data Modeling Based MCE Fuzzy Logic for Petroleum Exploration in part of Say'un-Masilah Basin of Yemen
Authors: MOHAMMED Arafat Mohammed Bin , JAVED Akram , ALSHAYEF Mohammed Sultan
Published: March 2018

GIS Provides spatial
and analytical support to assess multicriteria (MCE) methods, which are used to
combine data to show areas best fulfilling specific criteria. Petroleum
explorations would benefit from an MCE method that is spatial, is flexible for
combining heterogeneous data, considers the interpretive nature of the data, is
geologically applicable, and is applicable for frontier areas or where little
information exists regarding probabilities of the presence of petroleum .This
study proposes a GIS-based MCE method for petroleum exploration based on fuzzy
logic, which fulfills the previously stated requirements using 9 subcriteria
combined to produce a favorability map of potential exploration areas. A case
study applied to Sayun Almasilah Basin East Yemen. We conclude that the method
can be applied in an exploration setting and, as such, is applicable for other
regions of the world.
Impact of geographical factors on coastal tourism between İğneada and Kastro Bay, Thracian Black Sea coast, Turkey
Authors: Erginal Gülsen
Published: March 2018

This
study discusses the relationship between tourism and geomorphologic features,
climatic comfort and natural vegetation cover in the coastal region from
İğneada to Kastro Bay on the Black Sea. From the point of view of climatic
comfort, Thermo-Hygrometric Index (THI) values indicate that May, June,
September and October are favorable for coastal tourism while in the months of
July and August temperatures are too hot. SSI index values indicate that
comfort levels prevail for most people in June and September although the
weather can be perceived by some people as cool. In July and August, when the
temperatures are higher, the climate is comfortable part of the time, but it is
rather hot and sticky. Despite climatic comfort conditions not being suitable for
long-duration coastal tourism in the Kıyıköy-İğneada area, the floristic
richness of the area and presence of longose forests offer many opportunities
in terms of ecotourism. There are also numerous lakes and streams presenting
unique possibilities for a variety of so-far unexploited tourism activities.
Geomorphologically, uncontaminated sandy beaches and coastal spits as well as
sheltered bays such as Kastro Bay are among the important assets of the area in
terms of coastal tourism.
Ecological risk evaluation of sediment core samples, Lake Tortum (Erzurum, NE Turkey) using environmental indices
Authors: Kaya Hakan , Erginal Gülsen , Çakır Çağlar , Gazioğlu Cem , Erginal Ahmet Evren
Published: March 2018

This
study aimed to determine the vertical distribution of heavy metals in a 72
cm-long core sample from Lake Tortum in order to shed light on the implications
of potential ecological risks. Analysis was based on the use of environmental
indices such as the Integrated Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Potential
Ecological Risk Index (PER). Results reveal that, except for Pb, Mn and Hg, the
lowest concentrations of heavy metals occur at a core depth of between 2 cm and
20 cm for Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, As, Cd, Cr and Al. The highest concentration was
found at sampling intervals of 36 cm and 50 cm, with the exception of Pb, Mn,
Hg and Ni. The PLI values from bottom to top are less than 1 while the level
with the nearest value to the background value lies at a depth between 24 cm
and 26 cm. The PER index results suggest a low ecological risk level for Cu,
Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe, As, Cr, and Al; however, Cd and Hg constitute an ecological
threat to the lake ecosystem.
Kadın Konukevinde Kalan Ve Şiddete Uğramış Kadınların İlişkilere İlişkin Bilişsel Çarpıtma Düzeylerinin Örseleyici Stres, Depresyon Ve Umutsuzluk Düzeyleri İle İlişkisi
Authors: Kılınç Güldane , Yıldız Mustafa
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Bazı ruhsal sorunların bilişsel çarpıtmalarla ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu araştırmada kadın konukevinde kalan ve şiddet görmüş olan kadınların
ilişkilere ilişkin bilişsel çarpıtmalarının örseleyici stres, depresyon ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri ile olan ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı.Yöntem: İstanbul’da ve Kocaeli’de bulunan üç kadın konukevinde kalan 79 kadın ile görüşüldü. Görüşmede İlişkilere İlişkin Bilişsel Çarpıtmalar Ölçeği,
Travmatik Stres Belirti Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği ve araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan Demografik Bilgi Formu kullanıldı.
Verilerin çözümlenmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistik yöntemleri, Mann Whitney U, Spearman Korelasyon Testi ve Lojistik Regresyon analizi kullanıldı.Bulgular: Araştırmanın sonuçları katılımcıların eğitim düzeyinin ilişkilere ilişkin bilişsel çarpıtmaların tüm alt etmenleriyle, kadın konukevinde kalış süresinin
ise gerçekçi olmayan ilişki beklentisi ve zihin okuma alt etmenleriyle ilişkili olduğunu gösterdi. Yanına alamadığı çocuğu bulunan kadınların ilişkilere ilişkin
bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve zihin okuma puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu bulundu. İlişkilere ilişkin bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve tüm alt etmenlerinin örseleyici stres,
depresyon ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri ile anlamlı olarak ilişkili olduğu görüldü. Örseleyici stres belirtileri ilişkilere ilişkin bilişsel çarpıtmalar için yordayıcı
bulundu.Sonuç: İlişkilere ilişkin bilişsel çarpıtmalar örseleyici stresle doğrudan ilişkili gibi görünüyor. Örseleyici stres yaşantısı bilişsel çarpıtmaları artırabileceği gibi
bilişsel çarpıtmalar da örseleyici stres belirtilerinin şiddetini artırabilir.
Re-evaluation Of LPS Concentrations On The 293T Human Renal Cell Line
Authors: ÇAKİRİS Aris , CAKAR Atilla , ABACI Neslihan , EKMEKCİ Sema , EMRENCE Zeliha , ÜSTEK Duran
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Hücrelerin LPS (Lipopolisakkarit)’ye enflamatuvaryanıtları in-vitro deneylerde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Buna rağmen hücre kültürü çalışmaları için LPS ’nin doğru dozunun belirlenmesinde zorluklarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Maksimum yanıt veren LPS konsantrasyonunun belirlenmesi in vitro enflamatuvar deneyler için kritik bir noktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı LPS’nin 293T insan renal hücre dizisindeki konsantrasyon bağımlı etkisinin yeniden değerlendirilmesidir.Yöntem: Bu çalışmada LPS ile stimule edilmiş 293T hücre hattı Xcelligence Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) sisteminde incelendi. LPS ’nin artmış konsantrasyonlarının 293T hücre hattı üzerindeki etkisi RTCA cihazında hücre proliferasyonu ölçümleri yapılarak araştırıldı.Bulgular: Sonuçlarımıza göre 2, 4 ve 8 μg’lık LPS konsantrasyonlarını hücre bölünmesini inhibe ederek hücreleri kararlı duruma yönlendirdiğini gösterdi. 1 μg ’lık LPS konsantrasyonu hücreleri mitotik faza sürüklerken daha düşük LPS konsantrasyonlarının ise hücre proliferasyonu üzerinde bir etki göstermedi.Sonuç: Bu çalışmadaki sonuçlara göre LPS konsantrasyonlarının hücre proliferasyonu üzerinde farklı etkilerinin olduğu ve deneysel çalışmalardan önce LPS konsantrasyonlarının optimize edilmesi gerektiği gösterilmiştir.
Erişkin Obez Hastalarda Dermatolojik Bulgular
Authors: Demirci Kamile , Bilen Nilgün , Şikar Aktürk Aysun , Odyakmaz Demirsoy Evren , Cantürk Zeynep , Çağlayan Çiğdem , Bayramgüler Dilek , Kıran Rebiay
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Obez hastalardaki dermatolojik bulgularla ilişkili olarak literatürde çok az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda obez hastalardaki deri bulgularını ve bunların yaş, menapoz, gebelik sayısı ve insülin direnci ile ilişkilerinin araştırması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma vücut kitle indeksi 30 kg/m2nin üzerinde olan 119 hastayı ve kontrol grubu olarak normal kiloya sahip 122 bireyi kapsamaktadır. Dematozların görülme sıklıkları iki grup arasında karşılaştırılmıştır.Bulgular: Her iki grupta da en sık rastlanan dermatolojik bulgu stria idi. Ancak iki grup arasında istatistiksel anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu. Plantar hiperkeratoz çalışma ve kontrol gruplarında sırasıyla % 47,1 ve % 7,4 oranlarında bulundu ve farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Aynı zamanda akrokordon, akantozis nigrikans, keratozis pilaris ve intertrigo sıklığı obez grupta anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Variköz venler kontrol grubunda (% 36,9) obez grup (% 31,9) ile karşılaştırıldığında daha sık gözlendi. Çalışma grubunda insülin direnci olan ve olmayan olgular plantar hiperkeratoz, intertrigo, keratozis pilaris, variköz venler, stria, akrokordon ve kserosis görülme sıklıklarına göre karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu. Ancak akantozis nigrikans olan 14 olgunun 13’ünde insülin direnci olması çarpıcı bir bulguydu.Sonuç: Çalışmamız göstermiştir ki bazı dermatolojik bulgular obez hastalarda daha sıktır. Dolayısıyla obezitenin önlenmesi bu dermatozların da önlenmesini sağlayacaktır.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Kullanımı ve Cinsel Yolla Bulaşan Hastalıklarla İlgili Farkındalıkları
Authors: Aykan Şadiye Berna , Altındiş Mustafa , Ekerbiçer Hasan , Aslan Ferhat Gürkan , Altındiş Selma
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışma da üniversite öğrencilerinin HIV/AIDS ve cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklarla ilgili farkındalıkları ve bilgi kaynakları araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Etik ve yasal izinler sonrasında bir devlet üniversitesinin farklı fakülteleri ve bölümlerindeki öğrencilerine yüz yüze tanımlayıcı kesitsel bir anket çalışması uygulandı. Anket ile elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS paket programı kullanıldı.Bulgular: Toplam 452 üniversite öğrencisinin katıldığı çalışmamızda katılımcıların % 70.4’ü kadın, % 26.6’sı erkek olup yaş ortalaması 20.9±3.3’dür. Katılımcıların % 6.8’i sosyal medyayı hiç kullanmadığını, % 55.3’ü ise aktif şekilde kullandığını belirtmiştir. En çok kullanılan sosyal medya platformlarının sırasıyla Instagram, Facebook ve Twitter (%79.9, %70.1 ve %44.9) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin sosyal medya aracılığı ile karşı cinsten arkadaş bulma oranı %81.8 olarak saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin %81.6’nın sosyal medya ve internet kullanımlarında cinsel içerikli paylaşımlar ve cinsel içerikli haber ve reklamlardan rahatsız olduklarını belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin %63.5’nin üniversite mediko-sosyal merkezinde cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar ile ilgili bir danışmanlık birimi veya poliklinik kurulmasını istedikleri belirlenmiştir. Cinsel konularda en güvenilir bilgilerin öğrencilerin %65.7’i sağlık çalışanlarından, % 61.3’ü konferans ve eğitim programlarından alınacağını belirttiği görülmüştür. Ancak öğrencilerin tamamında HIV/AIDS ve cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar ile ilgili riskli davranışlar, bulaşma yolları ve korunma yolları sorularına da beklenen doğru yanıt alma oranlarının çok düşük kaldığı belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Öğrencilerin cinsel konularda en güvenilir bilgiyi sağlık çalışanları ve eğitim programlarından elde edebilecekleri fikrinde olduklarından yola çıkarak üniversitenin mediko-sosyal merkezinde öğrencilerin “cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar, cinsel sorunlar, sorumlu ve güvenli cinsel davranış gibi…” sorunlarını danışabilecekleri danışmanlık birimi ya da eğitim programları planlanması ihtiyacı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Policing Morality: Regulating Sexuality across the Canada-United States Border
Authors: Hoy Benjamin
Published: March 2018

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Canada and the United States attempted to protect sexual morality at home by extending their power abroad. They used border surveillance to control the transnational movements of Euro-Canadians, Euro-Americans, Chinese immigrants, and Native Americans. At the same time, they developed creative ways to punish deviancy abroad by relying on an expansive understanding of the extradition process and by using race-based legislation to increase their coercive power. They deprived individuals of their intergenerational access to wealth and status through their ability to control marital recognition. Deprivation served as a powerful tool to secure conformity even beyond the explicit legal boundaries each country maintained.
Comparison of the LMA-ProSeal and LMA-Classic in Children
Authors: Uddin Md Raihan , Jabbar Abdul , Rahman Md Shafiqur , Khan MA Salam
Published: March 2018

Background: The LMA-ProSeal is a new laryngeal mask airway with a rear cuff and drainage tube that allows a higher seal pressure than the LMA-Classic for the same intra-cuff pressure and it permits drainage of gastric secretions and access to the alimentary tract.Objective: This study compared the LMA-ProSeal and LMA-Classic in children for ease of insertion, airway sealing pressure and maintenance of airway.Materials and method: This comparative study was done during the period of January 2015 to December 2015 in BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Forty ASA 1-2 children undergoing circumcision, herniotomy and orchiopexy were included. The patients were randomly assigned to size 2.5 LMA-ProSeal or 2.5 LMA-Classic groups for airway management. We assessed success rates at first attempt of insertion, airway sealing pressure, maintenance of airway and postoperative complications.Results: There was no statistical difference between two groups for the success rates at first attempt of insertion and maintenance of airway but sealing pressure was significantly high in the LMA-ProSeal group. Regarding postoperative complication like injury to lip-teeth-tongue, blood staining and cough or laryngospasm were also not significant.Conclusion: We concluded that ease of insertion, maintenance of airway and risk of injury are similar between the LMA-ProSeal and the LMA-Classic in children.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 18-21
Reviewers in this issue Vol.6(1)
Authors: Editor -
Published: March 2018

Abstract not availableDelta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 58
Approach to Diagnosis of Anemia in Children
Authors: Tawfique Muhammad , Jamal Chowdhury Yakub
Published: March 2018

Abstract not availableNorthern International Medical College Journal Vol.9(1) July 2017: 248-251
An Effective Utilization of Solar Energy: Enhanced Photodegradation Efficiency of TiO2/Graphene-Based Composite
Authors: Huo Peipei , Zhao Peng , Wang Yin , Liu Bo , Dong Mingdong
Published: March 2018

The integration of graphene-based material and TiO2 can greatly enhance the photodegradation efficiency toward contaminants in the environment. As the morphology of TiO2 varies from a 0D nanoparticle (NP) and a 1D Nanotube (NT)/Nanowire (NW) to a 2D nanosheet, the contact between TiO2 and graphene-based material would increasingly intensify and the distribution of TiO2 on the graphene sheets becomes more uniform. Both factors lead to better photocatalytic performance. The graphene commonly possesses the intrinsic properties of higher surface area, more efficient charge transfer, inhibited electron-hole pairs (EHPs)’ recombination and extended light absorption range. With the assistance of some functional surfactants, the photodegradation performance can be further improved according to more specific requirements such as the photodegradation selectivity. This paper provides an overview of recent progress regarding the method and mechanism of graphene in various TiO2/Graphene composites.
Hair as a Biomarker of Long Term Mercury Exposure in Brazilian Amazon: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santos Serrão de Castro Nathália , De Oliveira Lima Marcelo
Published: March 2018

Many studies have assessed mercury (Hg) exposure in the Amazonian population. This article performs a literature search of the studies that used hair as a biomarker of Hg exposure in the Brazilian Amazonian population. The search covered the period from 1996 to 2016 and included articles which matched the following criteria: (1) articles related to Hg exposure into Brazilian Amazon; (2) articles that used hair as a biomarker of Hg exposure; (3) articles that used analytical tools to measure the Hg content on hair and (4) articles that presented arithmetic mean and/or minimum and maximum values of Hg. 36 studies were selected. The findings show that most of the studies were performed along margins of important rivers, such as Negro, Tapajós and Madeira. All the population presented mean levels of Hg on hair above 6 µg g−1 and general population, adults, not determined and men presented levels of Hg on hair above 10 µg g−1. The results show that most of the studies were performed by Brazilian institutions/researchers and the majority was performed in the State of Pará. The present study identified that Amazonian population has long-term been exposed to Hg. In terms of future perspectives, this study suggests the implementation of a strategic plan for environmental health surveillance in the region in order to promote health and benefit Amazonian population.
Expanding the Utilization of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Archives: Feasibility of miR-Seq for Disease Exploration and Biomarker Development from Biopsies with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Strauss Philipp , Marti Hans-Peter , Beisland Christian , Scherer Andreas , Lysne Vegard , Leh Sabine , Flatberg Arnar , Koch Even , Beisvag Vidar , Landolt Lea , Skogstrand Trude , Eikrem Øystein
Published: March 2018

Novel predictive tools for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly investigated for their predictive value, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy archives may potentially be a valuable source of miRNA sequencing material, as they remain an underused resource. Core biopsies of both cancerous and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from patients (n = 12) undergoing nephrectomy. After small RNA-seq, several analyses were performed, including classifier evaluation, obesity-related inquiries, survival analysis using publicly available datasets, comparisons to the current literature and ingenuity pathway analyses. In a comparison of tumour vs. normal, 182 miRNAs were found with significant differential expression; miR-155 was of particular interest as it classified all ccRCC samples correctly and correlated well with tumour size (R2 = 0.83); miR-155 also predicted poor survival with hazard ratios of 2.58 and 1.81 in two different TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) datasets in a univariate model. However, in a multivariate Cox regression analysis including age, sex, cancer stage and histological grade, miR-155 was not a statistically significant survival predictor. In conclusion, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy tissues are a viable source of miRNA-sequencing material. Our results further support a role for miR-155 as a promising cancer classifier and potentially as a therapeutic target in ccRCC that merits further investigation.
Characterization of a Novel Porin-Like Protein, ExtI, from Geobacter sulfurreducens and Its Implication in the Reduction of Selenite and Tellurite
Authors: Jahan Mst. Ishrat , Tobe Ryuta , Mihara Hisaaki
Published: March 2018

The extI gene in Geobacter sulfurreducens encodes a putative outer membrane channel porin, which resides within a cluster of extHIJKLMNOPQS genes. This cluster is highly conserved across the Geobacteraceae and includes multiple putative c-type cytochromes. In silico analyses of the ExtI sequence, together with Western blot analysis and proteinase protection assays, showed that it is an outer membrane protein. The expression level of ExtI did not respond to changes in osmolality and phosphate starvation. An extI-deficient mutant did not show any significant impact on fumarate or Fe(III) citrate reduction or sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics, as compared with those of the wild-type strain. However, extI deficiency resulted in a decreased ability to reduce selenite and tellurite. Heme staining analysis revealed that extI deficiency affects certain heme-containing proteins in the outer and inner membranes, which may cause a decrease in the ability to reduce selenite and tellurite. Based on these observations, we discuss possible roles for ExtI in selenite and tellurite reduction in G. sulfurreducens.
Liddle Syndrome: Review of the Literature and Description of a New Case
Authors: Tetti Martina , Monticone Silvia , Burrello Jacopo , Matarazzo Patrizia , Veglio Franco , Pasini Barbara , Jeunemaitre Xavier , Mulatero Paolo
Published: March 2018

Liddle syndrome is an inherited form of low-renin hypertension, transmitted with an autosomal dominant pattern. The molecular basis of Liddle syndrome resides in germline mutations of the SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G genes, encoding the α, β, and γ-subunits of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), respectively. To date, 31 different causative mutations have been reported in 72 families from four continents. The majority of the substitutions cause an increased expression of the channel at the distal nephron apical membrane, with subsequent enhanced renal sodium reabsorption. The most common clinical presentation of the disease is early onset hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, suppressed plasma renin activity and low plasma aldosterone. Consequently, treatment of Liddle syndrome is based on the administration of ENaC blockers, amiloride and triamterene. Herein, we discuss the genetic basis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of Liddle syndrome. Finally, we report a new case in an Italian family, caused by a SCNN1B p.Pro618Leu substitution.
Effects of Nitric Oxide on Voltage-Gated K+ Currents in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts through the Protein Kinase G and Protein Kinase A Pathways but Not through S-Nitrosylation
Authors: Bae Hyemi , Choi Jeongyoon , Kim Young-Won , Lee Donghee , Kim Jung-Ha , Ko Jae-Hong , Bang Hyoweon , Kim Taeho , Lim Inja
Published: March 2018

This study investigated the expression of voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs), and the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the KV currents, and the underlying phosphorylation mechanisms. In reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, two types of KV channels were detected in HCFs: delayed rectifier K+ channel and transient outward K+ channel. In whole-cell patch-clamp technique, delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) exhibited fast activation and slow inactivation, while transient outward K+ current (Ito) showed fast activation and inactivation kinetics. Both currents were blocked by 4-aminopyridine. An NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), increased the amplitude of IK in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 26.4 µM, but did not affect Ito. The stimulating effect of SNAP on IK was blocked by pretreatment with 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) or by KT5823. 8-bromo-cyclic GMP stimulated the IK. The stimulating effect of SNAP on IK was also blocked by pretreatment with KT5720 or by SQ22536. Forskolin and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP each stimulated IK. On the other hand, the stimulating effect of SNAP on IK was not blocked by pretreatment of N-ethylmaleimide or by DL-dithiothreitol. Our data suggest that NO enhances IK, but not Ito, among KV currents of HCFs, and the stimulating effect of NO on IK is through the PKG and PKA pathways, not through S-nitrosylation.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Structural Simplified Analogue of cADPR, a Calcium-Mobilizing Secondary Messenger Firstly Isolated from Sea Urchin Eggs
Authors: D’Errico Stefano , Borbone Nicola , Catalanotti Bruno , Secondo Agnese , Petrozziello Tiziana , Piccialli Ilaria , Pannaccione Anna , Costantino Valeria , Mayol Luciano , Piccialli Gennaro , Oliviero Giorgia
Published: March 2018

Herein, we reported on the synthesis of cpIPP, which is a new structurally-reduced analogue of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a potent Ca2+-releasing secondary messenger that was firstly isolated from sea urchin eggs extracts. To obtain cpIPP the “northern” ribose of cADPR was replaced by a pentyl chain and the pyrophosphate moiety by a phophono-phosphate anhydride. The effect of the presence of the new phosphono-phosphate bridge on the intracellular Ca2+ release induced by cpIPP was assessed in PC12 neuronal cells in comparison with the effect of the pyrophosphate bridge of the structurally related cyclic N1-butylinosine diphosphate analogue (cbIDP), which was previously synthesized in our laboratories, and with that of the linear precursor of cpIPP, which, unexpectedly, revealed to be the only one provided with Ca2+ release properties.