bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Position Matters: Fluorescent Positional Isomers for Reliable Multichannel Encryption Devices
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Seeberger Peter H. , Merbouh Nabyl , Loeffler Felix F.
Published: October 2021

Fluorescence signals have been widely used in information encryption for a few decades, but still suffer from limited reliability. Here, reversible multichannel fluorescent devices with encrypted information were constructed, based on two fluorescent positional isomers of a diphenylquinoxaline derivative. Possessing the same core fluorescent group and acid‐/pH‐responsive mechanism, the two isomers showed different fluorescence colors in an acidic environment; this allowed us to realize stepwise encryption of information in orthogonal fluorescence channels. Because the protonation was reversible, the revealed information could be re‐encrypted simply by heating. This approach highlights the value of positional isomers to build multichannel encryption devices, improving their reliability on the molecular level.
Secondary thalamic neuroinflammation after focal cortical stroke and traumatic injury mirrors corticothalamic functional connectivity
Authors: Necula Deanna , Cho Frances S. , He Andrea , Paz Jeanne T.
Published: October 2021

While cortical injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neocortical stroke, acutely disrupt the neocortex, most of their consequent disabilities reflect secondary injuries that develop over time. Thalamic neuroinflammation has been proposed to be a biomarker of cortical injury and of the long‐term cognitive and neurological deficits that follow. However, the extent to which thalamic neuroinflammation depends on the type of cortical injury or its location remains unknown. Using two mouse models of focal neocortical injury that do not directly damage subcortical structures—controlled cortical impact and photothrombotic ischemic stroke—we found that chronic neuroinflammation in the thalamic region mirrors the functional connections with the injured cortex, and that sensory corticothalamic regions may be more likely to sustain long‐term damage than nonsensory circuits. Currently, heterogeneous clinical outcomes complicate treatment. Understanding how thalamic inflammation depends on the injury site can aid in predicting features of subsequent deficits and lead to more effective, customized therapies.
Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Electrochemical Behavior of 5,10,15,20‐Tetraaryl‐5,15‐diazaporphyrin‐Amine Hybrids
Authors: Satoh Yuna , Fujita Yutaro , Muramatsu Naoya , Furukawa Ko , Ikoma Tadaaki , Minoura Mao , Nakano Haruyuki , Matano Yoshihiro
Published: October 2021

This work reports a series of covalently linked hybrids comprising 5,10,15,20‐tetraaryl‐5,15‐diazaporphyrinoids (M‐TADAP; M = Ni, Zn, Cu) and amines. M‐TADAP‐amine hybrids were prepared via the metal‐templated cyclization of the corresponding metal(II)‐dipyrrin complexes and redox reactions on the DAP unit. In the UV/vis/near‐IR absorption spectra of the hybrids containing an 18π‐electron DAP ring, broad charge‐transfer bands were observed, reflecting the electron‐donating property of the para‐aminophenyl groups and the electron‐accepting property of the 18π TADAP dication. The electrochemical behavior of the M‐TADAP‐amine hybrids was strongly dependent on the structure of the peripheral amine units. Further electrochemical oxidation of the hybrids bearing N‐Ph groups conceivably generated amine‐centered radicals, which sequentially underwent irreversible coupling to form benzidine‐linked M‐TADAP polymer films. The Ni‐TADAP‐benzidine polymer exhibited the electric conductivity of 2×10−3 S m−1.
Patch utilization and flower visitations by wild bees in a honey bee‐dominated, grassland landscape
Authors: Otto Clint R. V. , Bailey Larissa L. , Smart Autumn H.
Published: October 2021

Understanding habitat needs and patch utilization of wild and managed bees has been identified as a national research priority in the United States. We used occupancy models to investigate patterns of bee use across 1030 transects spanning a gradient of floral resource abundance and richness and distance from apiaries in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States. Estimates of transect use by honey bees were nearly 1.0 during our 3.5‐month sampling period, suggesting honey bees were nearly ubiquitous across transects. Wild bees more frequently used transects with higher flower richness and more abundant flowers; however, the effect size of the native flower abundance covariate ( = 3.90 ± 0.65 [1SE]) was four times greater than the non‐native flower covariate ( = 0.99 ± 0.17). We found some evidence that wild bee use was lower at transects near commercial apiaries, but the effect size was imprecise ( = 1.4 ± 0.81). Honey bees were more frequently detected during sampling events with more non‐native flowers and higher species richness but showed an uncertain relationship with native flower abundance. Of the 4039 honey bee and flower interactions, 85% occurred on non‐native flowers, while only 43% of the 738 wild bee observations occurred on non‐native flowers. Our study suggests wild bees and honey bees routinely use the same resource patches in the PPR but often visit different flowering plants. The greatest potential for resource overlap between honey bees and wild bees appears to be for non‐native flowers in the PPR. Our results are valuable to natural resource managers tasked with supporting habitat for managed and wild pollinators in agroecosystems.
A Novel Cyclopentadienone and its Ruthenium and Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes
Authors: Nährig Florian , Nunheim Nelly , Salih Kifah S. M. , Chung Jae‐Yeon , Gond Dominik , Sun Yu , Becker Sabine , Thiel Werner R.
Published: October 2021

A simple and efficient protocol allows the oxidation of the cyclopentadiene derivative 5H‐dibenzo[e,h]‐dibenzo[3,4 : 6,7]cyclohept[1,2‐a]azulene (CpCH) provide according ketone CpCO. Comparable to the situation found for CpCH, the bending of the four annulated six‐membered rings defines the C2 symmetric molecular structure of CpCO. The cyclopentadienone CpCO readily reacts with [Ru3(CO)12] and [Fe3(CO)12] to generate tricarbonyl complexes of the type [(η4‐CpCO)M(CO)3]. In contrast to [(η4‐CpCO)Ru(CO)3], the tricarbonyliron(0) complex is sensitive to oxygen and moisture. Refluxing [(η4‐CpCO)Ru(CO)3] in isopropanol makes the hydrido‐bridged complex [((η4‐CpCO)2H)Ru2(CO)4H] accessible, an analogue to Shvo's catalyst. Both ruthenium complexes and their ligand CpCO were characterized spectroscopically and by single crystal x‐ray diffraction. The activity of [(η4‐CpCO)Ru(CO)3] was investigated for a series of transfer hydrogenation reactions.
Comparative Study of Macrocyclic and Acyclic Picolinate Derivatives for Chelation of Copper Cations
Authors: Egorova Bayirta V. , Kalmykova Taisia P. , Zubenko Anastasia D. , Shchukina Anna A. , Karnoukhova Valentina A. , Likhosherstova Daria V. , Priselkova Anna B. , Fedorov Yuri V. , Fedorova Olga A. , Kalmykov Stepan N.
Published: October 2021

In this work we presented a synthesis and investigation of relative acyclic and macrocyclic polyamines with picolinate pendant arms as potential chelators for copper radiopharmaceuticals. It has been shown that linear chelators lacking bisamide moiety are much more basic and form complexes with higher stability constants compared to macrocyclic ones. Both types of ligands possess many donor sites due to picolinate groups enabling formation of polynuclear complexes in the solution and solid state. According to crystal structures metal cations coordinates with studied ligands through the binding with aminogroups and picolinates donor atoms, while terminal aminogroups of acyclic ligands do not take part in the complex formation. Tripicolinate azacrown ligand coordinates cations outside the macrocyclic cavity in non‐equivalent positions. However this out‐cage location as well as a moderate logK value do not induce fast release of cation from this complex in the challenging medium of serum proteins.
Discrepancy Regarding the Dethreading of a Dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 Macrocycle through a Perfluorobutyl End in [2]Pseudorotaxanes
Authors: Gauthier Maxime , Coutrot Frédéric
Published: October 2021

Here are reported the synthesis and characterization of four new dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8)‐based ammonium‐containing pseudorotaxanes, for which one of the two encircled axle's extremities consists of a perfluorobutyl moiety. The subsequent dethreading of the DB24C8 over the perfluorobutyl extremity was studied. Although the perfluorobutyl extremity of an ammonium‐containing axle did not allow threading of DB24C8, dethreading of a perfluorobutyl extremity‐containing pseudorotaxane was possible and its rate depended on both the strength of the template‐to‐DB24C8 complex and the nature of the axle. In particular, dethreading process may be assisted by the presence, in the threaded axle, of a poor secondary site of interaction for the DB24C8 and this assistance proved to be higher when this site is close to the DB24C8.
Nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of pollutants in water: A review
Authors: Potes‐Lesoinne Humberto Andre , Ramirez‐Alvarez Fernando , Perez‐Gonzalez Victor H. , Martinez‐Chapa Sergio O. , Gallo‐Villanueva Roberto Carlos
Published: October 2021

The survival of living beings, including humanity, depends on a continuous supply of clean water. However, due to the development of industry, agriculture, and population growth, an increasing number of wastewaters is discarded, and the negative effects of such actions are clear. The first step in solving this situation is the collection and monitoring of pollutants in water bodies to subsequently facilitate their treatment. Nonetheless, traditional sensing techniques are typically laboratory‐based, leading to potential diminishment in analysis quality. In this paper, the most recent developments in micro‐ and nano‐electrochemical devices for pollutant detection in wastewater are reviewed. The devices reviewed are based on a variety of electrodes and the sensing of three different categories of pollutants: nutrients and phenolic compounds, heavy metals, and organic matter. From these electrodes, Cu, Co, and Bi showed promise as versatile materials to detect a grand variety of contaminants. Also, the most commonly used material is glassy carbon, present in the detection of all reviewed analytes.
Preservation of shared backup path ink‐node content based elastic optical datacenter networks
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Aggarwal Mona , Ahuja Swaran
Published: October 2021

Efficient path selection and content availability in the optical datacenter networks are essential for business continuity. To measure quantitatively the connectivity of content and give protection to diverse type of contents, the idea ofk‐node content connectivity is becoming popular. However, the assignment of dedicated spectrum for each end‐to‐end content path consumes too many resources. In order to enhance the resource efficiency, the spectrum can be shared between end‐to‐content paths of various requests. The spectrum sharing minimizes the backup spectrum requirement and has been a topic of research. In this study, an innovative model, namely, end‐to‐end content connectivity based quasi‐bipartite graphs (E‐QBG) for the possible path prediction and maximum matching by Hungarian path prediction (MM‐HPP) are implemented for the spectrum efficiency and the disaster resilient datacenter networks. The objective is to minimize the entire backup spectrum resource and operations path. The quasi‐bipartite graph is used for the end‐to‐end content backup route evaluation including spectrum sharing on various links, while the Hungarian algorithm is utilized for accurate maximum matching prediction between various end‐to‐end route sets. We introduce the concept of maximum dissortativity path based on the weight factor. The proposed E‐QBG and MM‐HPP reduces spectrum consumption which guarantees survivability against multi‐failure and natural disasters. This method leads to an approach for more effective utilization of the resources for end‐to‐end content connected elastic optical datacenter networks as compared with the existing techniques.
Improvement of Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice by Intermittent Use of a Fasting‐Mimicking Diet
Authors: Zhao Jingyu , Bai Meijuan , Wei Siying , Li Chenchen , Lv Qi , Chen Yan
Published: October 2021

Scope

Liver plays a central role in maintaining lipid homeostasis which is dysregulated in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by overload of dietary fat, increase in lipid synthesis, and alteration of fatty acid oxidation in the liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether intermittent calorie restriction using a fasting‐mimicking diet (FMD) is able to slow down the progression of NAFLD in mice.

Methods and Results

This study analyzed the intervention activity of a FMD low in carbohydrate/protein but high in dietary fibers with a NAFLD mouse model induced by high‐fat high‐sucrose diet (HFHSD). Intermittent application of the FMD reduces HFHSD‐induced obesity and glucose intolerance. The FMD decreases the size of adipocytes and elevates expression of lipolysis genes and HSL protein in white adipose tissue. HFHSD‐induced lipid accumulation in the liver is reduced by the FMD, accompanied by a reduction of macrophage marker in the liver. RNA sequencing reveals that the expression of a number of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation is elevated by the FMD.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that intermittent application of the FMD can improve NAFLD, at least in part, through increased lipolysis in white adipose tissue and elevated fatty acid oxidation in the liver.
A 31‐channel integrated “AC/DC” B0 shim and radiofrequency receive array coil for improved 7T MRI
Authors: Stockmann Jason P. , Arango Nicolas S. , Witzel Thomas , Mareyam Azma , Sappo Charlotte , Zhou Jiazheng , Jenkins Lucas , Craven‐Brightman Lincoln , Milshteyn Eugene , Davids Mathias , Hoge W. Scott , Sliwiak Monika , Nasr Shahin , Keil Boris , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Guerin Bastien , White Jacob K. , Setsompop Kawin , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Wald Lawrence L.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To test an integrated “AC/DC” array approach at 7T, where B0 inhomogeneity poses an obstacle for functional imaging, diffusion‐weighted MRI, MR spectroscopy, and other applications.

Methods

A close‐fitting 7T 31‐channel (31‐ch) brain array was constructed and tested using combined Rx and ΔB0 shim channels driven by a set of rapidly switchable current amplifiers. The coil was compared to a shape‐matched 31‐ch reference receive‐only array for RF safety, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and inter‐element noise correlation. We characterize the coil array’s ability to provide global and dynamic (slice‐optimized) shimming using ΔB0 field maps and echo planar imaging (EPI) acquisitions.

Results

The SNR and average noise correlation were similar to the 31‐ch reference array. Global and slice‐optimized shimming provide 11% and 40% improvements respectively compared to baseline second‐order spherical harmonic shimming. Birdcage transmit coil efficiency was similar for the reference and AC/DC array setups.

Conclusion

Adding ΔB0 shim capability to a 31‐ch 7T receive array can significantly boost 7T brain B0 homogeneity without sacrificing the array’s rdiofrequency performance, potentially improving ultra‐high field neuroimaging applications that are vulnerable to off‐resonance effects.
Structure and dynamics of electronically excited molecular systems
Authors: Mahapatra Susanta
Published: October 2021

Structure and dynamics of electronic excited states of molecular systems is of contemporary interest to understand a rich variety of processes ranging from molecular spectroscopy to reaction dynamics. Developments over the past decades have established that coupling of electronic and nuclear motion is a generic feature in polyatomic molecular systems which causes a breakdown of the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. Such a coupling leads to conical intersections in non‐linear and glancing degeneracy in linear polyatomic systems. While the former case is quite general and has wide variances depending on the nature of the coupling on the symmetry ground, the latter one is specific to the linear systems having axial symmetry. The Jahn–Teller (JT) systems form a subclass in the former category and the latter category constitutes the Renner–Teller (RT) systems. These systems are characterized by high point group symmetry and orbital degeneracy. The latter splits upon distortion along suitable symmetry reducing nuclear displacement. The JT or the RT split component states may undergo symmetry allowed coupling among another JT or RT split component states or with some non‐degenerate states. These are termed as the pseudo‐JT and pseudo‐RT coupling, respectively. We have studied a variety of photo‐induced molecular processes with the aid of ab initio quantum chemistry and first principles quantum dynamics methods. We will document here some of the important developments in the field focusing on the work done on the JT and RT systems primarily in our own laboratory.

This article is categorized under:

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy

Software > Quantum Chemistry

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Types of Uncertainty
Authors: Pelz Peter F. , Pfetsch Marc E. , Kersting Sebastian , Kohler Michael , Matei Alexander , Melz Tobias , Platz Roland , Schaeffner Maximilian , Ulbrich Stefan
Published: October 2021

The goal of this chapter is to define different types of uncertainty in technical systems and to provide a unified terminology for this book. Indeed, uncertainty comes in different disguises. The first distinction is made with respect to the knowledge on the source of uncertainty: stochastic uncertainty, incertitude or ignorance. Then three main occurrences of uncertainty are discussed: data, model and structural uncertainty.
Our Specific Approach on Mastering Uncertainty
Authors: Pelz Peter F. , Feldmann Robert , Gehb Christopher M. , Groche Peter , Hoppe Florian , Knoll Maximilian , Lenz Jonathan , Melz Tobias , Pfetsch Marc E. , Rexer Manuel , Schaeffner Maximilian
Published: October 2021

This chapter serves as an introduction to the main topic of this book, namely to master uncertainty in technical systems. First, the difference of our approach to previous ones is highlighted. We then discuss process chains as an important type of technical systems, in which uncertainty propagates along the chain. Five different approaches to master uncertainty in process chains are presented: uncertainty identification, uncertainty propagation, robust optimisation, sensitivity analysis and model adaption. The influence of the process on uncertainty and methods depends on whether it is dynamic/time-varying and/or active. This brings us to the main strategies for mastering uncertainty: robustness, flexibility and resilience. Finally, three different concrete technical systems that are used to demonstrate our methods are presented.
Strategies for Mastering Uncertainty
Authors: Pfetsch Marc E. , Abele Eberhard , Altherr Lena C. , Bölling Christian , Brötz Nicolas , Dietrich Ingo , Gally Tristan , Geßner Felix , Groche Peter , Hoppe Florian , Kirchner Eckhard , Kloberdanz Hermann , Knoll Maximilian , Kolvenbach Philip , Kuttich-Meinlschmidt Anja , Leise Philipp , Lorenz Ulf , Matei Alexander , Molitor Dirk A. , Niessen Pia , Pelz Peter F. , Rexer Manuel , Schmitt Andreas , Schmitt Johann M. , Schulte Fiona , Ulbrich Stefan , Weigold Matthias
Published: October 2021

This chapter describes three general strategies to master uncertainty in technical systems: robustness, flexibility and resilience. It builds on the previous chapters about methods to analyse and identify uncertainty and may rely on the availability of technologies for particular systems, such as active components. Robustness aims for the design of technical systems that are insensitive to anticipated uncertainties. Flexibility increases the ability of a system to work under different situations. Resilience extends this characteristic by requiring a given minimal functional performance, even after disturbances or failure of system components, and it may incorporate recovery. The three strategies are described and discussed in turn. Moreover, they are demonstrated on specific technical systems.
The Interoperability Challenge: Building a Model-Driven Digital Thread Platform for CPS
Authors: Margaria Tiziana , Chaudhary Hafiz Ahmad Awais , Guevara Ivan , Ryan Stephen , Schieweck Alexander
Published: October 2021

With the heterogeneity of the industry 4.0 world, and more generally of the Cyberphysical Systems realm, the quest towards a platform approach to solve the interoperability problem is front and centre to any system and system-of-systems project. Traditional approaches cover individual aspects, like data exchange formats and published interfaces. They may adhere to some standard, however they hardly cover the production of the integration layer, which is implemented as bespoke glue code that is hard to produce and even harder to maintain. Therefore, the traditional integration approach often leads to poor code quality, further increasing the time and cost and reducing the agility, and a high reliance on the individual development skills. We are instead tackling the interoperability challenge by building a model driven/low-code Digital Thread platform that 1) systematizes the integration methodology, 2) provides methods and techniques for the individual integrations based on a layered Domain Specific Languages (DSL) approach, 3) through the DSLs it covers the integration space domain by domain, technology by technology, and is thus highly generalizable and reusable, 4) showcases a first collection of examples from the domains of robotics, IoT, data analytics, AI/ML and web applications, 5) brings cohesiveness to the aforementioned heterogeneous platform, and 6) is easier to understand and maintain, even by not specialized programmers. We showcase the power, versatility and the potential of the Digital Thread platform on four interoperability case studies: the generic extension to REST services, to robotics through the UR family of robots, to the integration of various external databases (for data integration) and to the provision of data analytics capabilities in R.
Einleitung
Authors: Richter Gesine , Loh Wulf , Buyx Alena , von Kielmansegg Sebastian Graf
Published: October 2021

Das Sammeln von Beobachtungen und Messwerten und ihre Nutzung für medizinische Forschung mit dem Ziel, Versorgung und Therapie zu verbessern, ist kein neues Phänomen. Medizinische Daten, die sekundär für die Forschung genutzt werden, kommen heute aus immer vielfältigeren Quellen wie Krankenhäusern, Arztpraxen und Versicherungen. Hinzu kommen sogenannte Lifestyle-Daten wie Sport-, Essens- und Schlafgewohnheiten, die durch ihre Verknüpfbarkeit und Verwendbarkeit zu medizinisch relevanten Daten werden. Die Verknüpfung dieser Daten mit solchen aus bestehenden wissenschaftlichen Repositorien wie etwa Biobanken, kann enormen wissenschaftlichen Nutzen gerade für die aktuell verfolgten Ziele der Translation, also der Übertragbarkeit von präklinischer Forschung auf therapeutischen Einsatz, und Personalisierung medizinischer Therapien bedeuten.Die Möglichkeiten der Datengenerierung und -aggregation werden in den kommenden Jahren erheblich zunehmen. Gleichzeitig wachsen die medizinischen Herausforderungen, die verstärkt auf die Analyse immer größerer Datenmengen angewiesen sind. Im Zusammenspiel dieser Tendenzen zeigt sich deutlich die Notwendigkeit, diese Entwicklungen ethisch, juristisch und sozialwissenschaftlich zu begleiten.
Die ethische Aufsicht über die Datenwissenschaft im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: McLennan Stuart
Published: October 2021

Der kontinuierliche, integrierte und dynamische Charakter von Aktivitäten, bei denen große Mengen routinemäßig erhobener digitaler Gesundheitsdaten zur Verbesserung der Qualität und Sicherheit der Gesundheitsversorgung verwendet werden, stellt den derzeitigen regulatorischen Rahmen für die ethische Aufsicht vor erhebliche Herausforderungen. Eine scharfe Unterscheidung zwischen klinischer Forschung und klinischer Praxis wird in der Regel durch ethische Aufsichtssysteme getroffen. Folglich kann die ethische Aufsicht über Aktivitäten, die dieselben Gesundheitsdaten verwenden, sehr unterschiedlich sein, wenn sie als “Forschung” oder “Qualitätskontrolle” klassifiziert werden. Diese Aktivitäten können jedoch oft nicht zuverlässig voneinander abgegrenzt werden. Schwierigkeiten bei der Entscheidung, ob eine bestimmte Aktivität als “Forschung” eingestuft werden sollte, können zu Unsicherheit führen, darunter die Bestimmung, welche Aktivitäten einer ethischen Überprüfung durch eine Ethikkommission bedürfen, und wann die Teilnehmer informiert und um ihre informierte Zustimmung gebeten werden sollten. Diese Ungewissheit birgt das Risiko, dass das System der ethischen Aufsicht die Bemühungen zur Verbesserung der Patientenversorgung untergräbt, indem es die Durchführung dieser Projekte übermäßig aufwändig macht. Möglicherweise ist ein neues Modell der ethischen Aufsicht erforderlich, das besser an den kontinuierlichen, integrierten und dynamischen Charakter der Datenwissenschaft im Gesundheitswesen angepasst ist. In einer Zeit zunehmender globaler kooperativer Bemühungen in der Gesundheitsforschung sind auch große Unterschiede bei den Anforderungen an die Einwilligung zur Datenverarbeitung problematisch. Die Aushandlung sektorspezifischer Verhaltenskodizes durch Berufsverbände könnte dazu beitragen, die Datenharmonisierung und -integration zu erleichtern. Die Länder sollten auch Gesundheitsorganisationen und Ermittler unterstützen, damit sie sich vertrauensvoll auf die Forschungsausnahme berufen können, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der globalen Pandemie.
Einleitung: Zur Methodik mit Blick auf die Variationen des Prometheus-Mythos
Authors: Neumann Bernd
Published: October 2021

Das hier vorgelegte Buch traktiert Franz Kafka als den „Blutsbruder“ des mesmeristisch interessierten Heinrich von Kleist, der der Prager eigener, entschiedener Aussage nach gewesen ist, als auch einen „electrischen Prometheus“.
Frühromantisches im Mittelaltergewand
Authors: Neumann Bernd
Published: October 2021

Bis hierhin haben wir Strauβ folgen können, vielleicht allzu sehr bezaubert von seiner Sprache, seiner Belesenheit und dem schlechthin Zauberhaften des poetischen Melancholikers. Nun aber erfolgt eine Volte hinein ins Frühromantisch-Mittelalterliche, die möglicherweise denn doch verkennt, dass inzwischen der Elektromagnetismus den legitimen und „gerechtfertigten“ Nachfolger des Mesmerismus abgibt? Es erfolgt in Strauss’ noch „electrischer“ Novellenwelt jedenfalls eine Identifizierung des „Deutschen“ mit dem Hochromantischen nach eher Heidelberger, als noch Jenaer Art.
Eingeschobene Gedanken zum „Bildungsroman“. Zur Genrefrage
Authors: Neumann Bernd
Published: October 2021

Strauβ endete beim Parzival und einer infernalisch inszenierten Rückkehr zur Grossen Mutter. Das verband ihn (für unseren Zusammenhang glücklich weiterführend) mit dem späteren Bildungs- und Entwicklungsroman als einem (insonderheit seit Wilhelm Dilthey) besonderen „deutschen“ Romanformat, hier bereits mehrfach erwähnt. Im allgemeinen literaturgeschichtlichen Bewusstsein gilt (eine Zuschreibung, im Zusammenhang mit Karl Lachmanns Übersetzung und Kommentierung des Nibelungenliedes entstanden) der Parzival als die mittelalterliche Vorstufe des Bildungsromans.
Ein „asiatischer“ Mozart bei Weiss und bei Kafka
Authors: Neumann Bernd
Published: October 2021

An dieser Stelle muss man zunächst Philologisch-Biografisches rekapitulieren: Franz Kafka hat drei Romane geschrieben. Deren erster rührte noch aus frühen Jünglingstagen, und vermutlich sogar vor der Jahrhundertwende, her. Wurde dann im Sommer/Herbst des Weltkriegsausbruchs 1914 abgeschlossen, nach intensiver Arbeit an diesem Text auch noch im Jahr 1913.
Die Lichtgeschwindigkeit ist unerreichbar – bis heute. Zu Kafkas zentraler literaturtheoretischer Kategorie eines immerwährenden „Ansturms gegen die Grenze“
Authors: Neumann Bernd
Published: October 2021

Noch einmal und nun abschliessend: Die Literatur Franz Kafkas, nach des Pragers eigener, zentraler, sozusagen kanonischer Aussage, sollte immer ein „Ansturm gegen die Grenze“ gewesen sein. Diese absolute Grenze sei so unerreichbar wie unüberschreitbar; sein, Kafkas eigenes Leben und Schreiben habe deshalb den Aggregatzustand eines „stehenden Marschierens“ gehabt.
Die Lichtgeschwindigkeit ein „neuer Gott“? Von Einstein zu Kafka noch immer via Ludwig Hopf
Authors: Neumann Bernd
Published: October 2021

„Ein Körper kann sich nicht mit Lichtgeschwindigkeit bewegen“: Der Physikprofessor Ludwig Hopf, der diesen zentralen Satz geschrieben hat, spielte seine Rolle, wo es um Kafkas Begegnung mit Albert Einsteins neuem Weltbild ging. Hierbei kann von „Spekulation“ die Rede nicht sein. Denn der klavierspielende Hopf war wie gesagt im Jahr 1911 Einsteins Privatssistent in Prag gewesen – und zugleich ein treuer Gefährte von Brod und Kafka in deren sozialen Kreisen in der Hauptstadt Böhmens.
Annäherungen an Prometheus
Authors: Neumann Bernd
Published: October 2021

Es existieren bei Kafka Texte, die solchem Wunsch wesentlich näher liegen als die im Schloss enthaltene „Legende“ Vor dem Gesetz.Ein ganzer, für uns verpflichtender Textkomplex wurde unter dem 17. Januar 1918 und ohne eigenen Titel im 3. Oktavheft überliefert: „Von Prometheus berichten vier Sagen.“
Coda und zugleich Schlussakkord
Authors: Neumann Bernd
Published: October 2021

Nichts ist monokausal. Und doch hatte der beschriebene Tatbestand, ohne Zweifel und sogar zentral, zu tun mit Kafkas Zusammentreffen mit Albert Einsteins Relativitätstheorie. Eine neue, radikale Moderne war damals angebrochen.
Heinrich von Kleist und Franz Kafka: „Blutsbrüder“ unter sich
Authors: Neumann Bernd
Published: October 2021

Es ist nicht unwahrscheinlich, dass Kafka Kleist bereits während seines Jura-Studiums las. So jedenfalls erinnerte sich der Schulfreund Hugo Bergmann.
‘We Owned the Land Before the State Was Established’: The State, Traditional Authorities, and Land Policy in Africa
Authors: Chitonge Horman
Published: October 2021

This chapter looks at the land policy reform challenges in Africa, focusing on the struggle between the state and traditional leaders over the control of customary land. The governance of customary land is one of the most contentious land issues in Africa. As many African governments seek to reform land policies in order to respond to the challenges of population growth and urbanisation leading to the increasing demand for land, the proposed reforms are often challenged by traditional leaders who see the reforms as a ploy to undermine their authority over customary land. It is argued in this chapter that, while the state sometimes attempts to co-opt traditional leaders into cooperating with it, this alliance often does not hold for long, especially when traditional leaders sense that their interests are being undermined by proposed land policy reforms. Drawing from the Zambian experience, the chapter shows that although the state, as a sovereign entity, has the authority over all land under its territory, the situation is complicated by the fact that traditional leaders also assert authority over customary land. This situation sometimes leads to contestations that often frustrate the formulation and implementation of land policy reforms.
Land Tenure Reform in Three Former Settler Colonies in Southern Africa
Authors: Sato Chizuko
Published: October 2021

This study explores the challenges of land tenure reform for three former settler colonies in southern Africa–Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa. While land redistribution programmes have been the primary focus of land reform for these countries since independence, land tenure reform for the inhabitants of communal areas is an equally important and complex policy challenge. Before independence, the administration of these areas was more or less in the hands of traditional leaders, whose roles were sanctioned by the colonial and apartheid authorities. Therefore, one of the primary concerns with respect to reforming land tenure systems in communal areas is related to the power and authority of traditional leaders in the post-independence period. This study highlights striking similarities in the nations’ land tenure reform policies. All of them gave statutory recognition to traditional leaders and strengthened their roles in rural land administration. In understanding this ‘resurgence’ or tenacity of traditional leadership, the symbiotic relationship between the ruling parties and traditional leaders cannot be ignored and should be problematised. Nonetheless, this chapter also argues that this obsession with traditional leadership may result in the neglect of other important issues related to land tenure reform in communal areas, such as the role of customary land tenureas social security.
Land Law Reform and Complex State-Building Process in Rwanda
Authors: Takeuchi Shinichi , Marara Jean
Published: October 2021

This study sheds light on recent land law (land tenure) reform in Rwanda by examining its close and complex relations with state-building. By prioritising land law reform and receiving strong support from external funding agencies, the post-civil warRwanda became the first African country to complete land registration throughout its territory. Land law reform should be considered a part of the radical interventions in rural areas frequently implemented by the Rwandan Patriotic Front-led government and, therefore, has been closely connected to its aspiration to reinforce the existent political order. The government has utilised reform and external financial support for this purpose. However, despite the success of the one-time land registration, Rwanda has encountered serious difficulties in institutionalising sustainable registering systems since transactions of land have been recorded only in exceptional cases. Additionally, it suggests that the government does not have a strong incentive to collect accurate information about properties in rural areas. The widening gap between recorded information and the real situation may affect land administration, which is of tremendous importance to Rwanda and, thus, possibly undermine state control over society.
The multifunctional RNA-binding protein Staufen1: an emerging regulator of oncogenesis through its various roles in key cellular events
Authors: Almasi Shekoufeh , Jasmin Bernard J.
Published: October 2021

The double-stranded multifunctional RNA-binding protein (dsRBP) Staufen was initially discovered in insects as a regulator of mRNA localization. Later, its mammalian orthologs have been described in different organisms, including humans. Two human orthologues of Staufen, named Staufen1 (STAU1) and Staufen2 (STAU2), share some structural and functional similarities. However, given their different spatio-temporal expression patterns, each of these orthologues plays distinct roles in cells. In the current review, we focus on the role of STAU1 in cell functions and cancer development. Since its discovery, STAU1 has mostly been studied for its involvement in various aspects of RNA metabolism. Given the pivotal role of RNA metabolism within cells, recent studies have explored the mechanistic impact of STAU1 in a wide variety of cell functions ranging from cell growth to cell death, as well as in various disease states. In particular, there has been increasing attention on the role of STAU1 in neuromuscular disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of STAU1 in RNA metabolism and cell functions. We also highlight the link between STAU1-mediated control of cellular functions and cancer development, progression, and treatment. Hence, our review emphasizes the potential of STAU1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer diagnosis and treatment, respectively.
Non-integrable Ising Models in Cylindrical Geometry: Grassmann Representation and Infinite Volume Limit
Authors: Antinucci Giovanni , Giuliani Alessandro , Greenblatt Rafael L.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, meant as a companion to Antinucci et al. (Energy correlations of non-integrable Ising models: the scaling limit in the cylinder, 2020. arXiv: 1701.05356), we consider a class of non-integrable 2D Ising models in cylindrical domains, and we discuss two key aspects of the multiscale construction of their scaling limit. In particular, we provide a detailed derivation of the Grassmann representation of the model, including a self-contained presentation of the exact solution of the nearest neighbor model in the cylinder. Moreover, we prove precise asymptotic estimates of the fermionic Green’s function in the cylinder, required for the multiscale analysis of the model. We also review the multiscale construction of the effective potentials in the infinite volume limit, in a form suitable for the generalization to finite cylinders. Compared to previous works, we introduce a few important simplifications in the localization procedure and in the iterative bounds on the kernels of the effective potentials, which are crucial for the adaptation of the construction to domains with boundaries.
Endoscopic measurement of nasal septum perforations
Authors: Rosenthal Jean-Claude , Wisotzky Eric L. , Matuschek Carsten , Hobl Melanie , Hilsmann Anna , Eisert Peter , Uecker Florian C.
Published: October 2021

Background

Nasal septum perforations (NSP) have many uncomfortable symptoms for the patient and a highly negative impact on quality of life. NSPs are closed using patient-specific implants or surgery. Implants are created either under anesthesia using silicone impressions or using 3D models from CT data. Disadvantages for patient safety are the increased risk of morbidity or radiation exposure.

Materials and methods

In the context of otorhinolaryngologic surgery, we present a gentle approach to treating NSP with a new image-based, contactless, and radiation-free measurement method using a 3D endoscope. The method relies on image information only and makes use of real-time capable computer vision algorithms to compute 3D information. This endoscopic method can be repeated as often as desired in the clinical course and has already proven its accuracy and robustness for robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) and surgical microscopy. We expand our method for nasal surgery, as there are additional spatial and stereoperspective challenges.

Results

After measuring 3 relevant parameters (NSP extension: axial, coronal, and NSP circumference) of 6 patients and comparing the results of 2 stereoendoscopes with CT data, it was shown that the image-based measurements can achieve comparable accuracies to CT data. One patient could be only partially evaluated because the NSP was larger than the endoscopic field of view.

Conclusion

Based on the very good measurements, we outline a therapeutic procedure which should enable the production of patient-specific NSP implants based on endoscopic data only.
A mean-squared-error condition for weighting ionospheric delays in GNSS baselines
Authors: Teunissen P. J. G. , Khodabandeh A.
Published: October 2021

Although ionosphere-weighted GNSS parameter estimation is a popular technique for strengthening estimator performance in the presence of ionospheric delays, no provable rules yet exist that specify the needed weighting in dependence on ionospheric circumstances. The goal of the present contribution is therefore to develop and present the ionospheric conditions that need to be satisfied in order for the ionosphere-weighted solution to be mean squared error (MSE) superior to the ionosphere-float solution. When satisfied, the presented conditions guarantee from an MSE performance view, when (a) the ionosphere-fixed solution can be used, (b) the ionosphere-float solution must be used, or (c) an ionosphere-weighted solution can be used.
Symbolic Dynamics for the Anisotropic N-Centre Problem at Negative Energies
Authors: Barutello Vivina , Canneori Gian Marco , Terracini Susanna
Published: October 2021

The planar N-centre problem describes the motion of a particle moving in the plane under the action of the force fields of N fixed attractive centres: $$\begin{aligned} \ddot{x}(t)=\sum _{j=1}^N\nabla V_j(x(t)-c_j). \end{aligned}$$

x
¨

(
t
)

=

∑

j
=
1

N

∇

V
j

(
x

(
t
)

-

c
j

)

.

In this paper we prove symbolic dynamics at slightly negative energy for an N-centre problem where the potentials $$V_j$$

V
j

are positive, anisotropic and homogeneous of degree $$-\alpha _j$$

-

α
j

: $$\begin{aligned} V_j(x)=|x|^{-\alpha _j}V_j\left( \frac{x}{|x|}\right) . \end{aligned}$$

V
j

(
x
)

=

|
x
|

-

α
j

V
j

x

|
x
|

.

The proof is based on a broken geodesics argument and trajectories are extremals of the Maupertuis’ functional. Compared with the classical N-centre problem with Kepler potentials, a major difficulty arises from the lack of a regularization of the singularities. We will consider both the collisional dynamics and the non collision one. Symbols describe geometric and topological features of the associated trajectory.
Infinite sequences of almost symmetric non-Weierstrass numerical semigroups
Authors: Komeda Jiryo
Published: October 2021

Let u be any positive integer. We construct infinite sequences of almost symmetric non-Weierstrass numerical semigroups whose conductors are the genera double minus $$2u-1$$

2
u
-
1

. Moreover, let v be any non-negative integer. We give an infinite number of non-Weierstrass numerical semigroups whose conductors are the genera double minus 2v.
Development and commissioning of the T6 Stalker Tunnel
Authors: Collen Peter , Doherty Luke J. , Subiah Suria D. , Sopek Tamara , Jahn Ingo , Gildfind David , Penty Geraets Rowland , Gollan Rowan , Hambidge Christopher , Morgan Richard , McGilvray Matthew
Published: October 2021

The T6 Stalker Tunnel is a multi-mode, high-enthalpy, transient ground test facility. It is the first of its type in the UK. The facility combines the original free-piston driver from the T3 Shock Tunnel with modified barrels from the Oxford Gun Tunnel. Depending on test requirements, it can operate as a shock tube, reflected shock tunnel or expansion tube. Commissioning tests of the free-piston driver are discussed, including the development of four baseline driver conditions using piston masses of either 36 kg or 89 kg. Experimental data are presented for each operating mode, with comparison made to numerical simulations. In general, high-quality test flows are observed. The calculated enthalpy range of the experimental conditions achieved varies from$$2.7\hbox { MJ kg}^{-1}$$2.7MJkg-1to$$115.0\hbox { MJ kg}^{-1}$$115.0MJkg-1.

Graphical abstract
Adapting Game Engines to Curved Spaces
Authors: Szirmay-Kalos László , Magdics Milán
Published: October 2021

Curved spaces are very un-intuitive to our eyes trained on Euclidean geometry. Games provide an interesting way to explore these strange worlds. Games are written with the help of modeling tools and game engines based on Euclidean geometry. This paper addresses the problem of adapting 3D game engines to the rules of curved spaces. We consider the conversion of Euclidean objects, geometric calculations, transformation pipeline, lighting and physical simulation. Finally, we identify where existing game engines should be modified.
Differential diagnosis of syndromic craniosynostosis: a case series
Authors: Casteleyn Tamara , Horn Denise , Henrich Wolfgang , Verlohren Stefan
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Syndromic craniosynostosis is a rare genetic disease caused by premature fusion of one or multiple cranial sutures combined with malformations of other organs. The aim of this publication is to investigate sonographic signs of different syndromic craniosynostoses and associated malformations to facilitate a precise and early diagnosis.

Methods

We identified in the period of 2000–2019 thirteen cases with a prenatal suspected diagnosis of syndromic craniosynostosis at our department. We analyzed the ultrasound findings, MRI scans, genetic results as well as the mode of delivery, and postnatal procedures.

Results

Eight children were diagnosed with Apert Syndrome, two with Saethre Chotzen syndrome, one with Crouzon syndrome, and one with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome. One child had a mutation p.(Pro253Leu) in the FGFR2 gene. We identified characteristic changes of the head shape as well as typical associated malformations.

Conclusion

Second trimester diagnosis of syndromic craniosynostosis is feasible based on the identified sonographic signs. In case of a suspected diagnosis a genetic, neonatal as well as surgical counseling is recommended. We also recommend to offer a fetal MRI. The delivery should be planned in a perinatal center.
Unspecified pain and other soft tissue disorders following electrical injuries: a register-based matched cohort study
Authors: Poulsen Per Hoegh , Carstensen Ole , Kærgaard Anette , Vestergaard Jesper Medom , Nielsen Kent J. , Biering Karin
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study investigates whether individuals who have sustained an electrical injury (EI) are diagnosed with unspecified pain or pain related to the musculoskeletal system in the years following the injury.

Methods

Individuals listed in Danish registers as having sustained EIs were matched for sex, age, and year of injury in a cohort study with individuals having experienced dislocations/sprains (match 1), eye injuries (match 2), and a sample of individuals with the same occupation without a history of electrical injuries (match 3). Outcomes were unspecified pain and unspecified soft tissue disorders. Conditional logistic regression and conditional Cox regression were applied.

Results

We identified 14,112 individuals who sustained EIs. A higher risk of both outcomes was observed for all three matches, and was highest at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The risk of both outcomes was considerably higher for match 3.

Conclusions

This study confirms that exposure to EIs increases the risk of being diagnosed with unspecified pain or unspecified soft tissue disorders both at short and long terms. Our results also showed that the risk of unspecified pain as sequelae is related to the severity of the injury.
Tuft cell integration of luminal states and interaction modules in tissues
Authors: Schneider Christoph
Published: October 2021

Chemosensory processes are integral to the physiology of most organisms. This function is typically performed by specialized cells that are able to detect input signals and to convert them to an output dedicated to a particular group of target cells. Tuft cells are cholinergic chemosensory epithelial cells capable of producing immunologically relevant effector molecules. They are scattered throughout endoderm-derived hollow organs and function as sensors of luminal stimuli, which has been best studied in mucosal barrier epithelia. Given their epithelial origin and broad distribution, and based on their interplay with immune pathways, tuft cells can be considered a prototypical example of how complex multicellular organisms engage innate immune mechanisms to modulate and optimize organ physiology. In this review, I provide a concise overview of tuft cells and discuss how these cells influence organ adaptation to dynamic luminal conditions.