bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inorganic carbon fixation in ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys
Authors: Vick-Majors Trista J. , Priscu John C.
Published: April 2019

Inorganic carbon fixation, usually mediated by photosynthetic microorganisms, is considered to form the base of the food chain in aquatic ecosystems. In high-latitude lakes, lack of sunlight owing to seasonal solar radiation limits the activity of photosynthetic plankton during the polar winter, causing respiration-driven demand for carbon to exceed supply. Here, we show that inorganic carbon fixation in the dark, driven by organisms that gain energy from chemical reactions rather than sunlight (chemolithoautotrophs), provides a significant influx of fixed carbon to two permanently ice-covered lakes (Fryxell and East Bonney). Fryxell, which has higher biomass per unit volume of water, had higher rates of inorganic dark carbon fixation by chemolithoautotrophs than East Bonney (trophogenic zone average 1.0 µg C l−1 d−1vs 0.08 µg C l−1 d−1, respectively). This contribution from dark carbon fixation was partly due to the activity of ammonia oxidizers, which are present in both lakes. Despite the potential importance of new carbon input by chemolithoautotrophic activity, both lakes remain net heterotrophic, with respiratory demand for carbon exceeding supply. Dark carbon fixation increased the ratio of new carbon supply to respiratory demand from 0.16 to 0.47 in Fryxell, and from 0.14 to 0.22 in East Bonney.
Sharing rules and the commons: evidence from Ha'apai, Tonga
Authors: CHAKRABORTY RABINDRA NATH
Published: April 2019

This paper argues that sharing rules have served to reduce the inefficiency caused by common pool externalities in many developing societies. To this end, a two-sector model of renewable resource use is employed where sharing rules are interpreted as implicit resource taxes. The model is applied to the island economy of Lofanga in the Kingdom of Tonga. The model generates a growth pattern which is consistent with the observed time paths of population and the resource stock. Cyclical fluctuations are weak even in the absence of resource taxation because the intrinsic growth rate of the resource is high.
Virale Gastroenteritis: Es muss nicht immer Norovirus sein
Authors: Zbinden Andrea
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. Für eine akute virale Gastroenteritis sind meistens Noroviren verantwortlich. Gastroenteritis-Ausbrüche durch Noroviren in Krankenhäusern oder Altersheimen sind besonders gefürchtet wegen der hohen Kontagiosität von Noroviren. Aus diesem Grunde wird bei Verdacht einer akuten viralen Gastroenteritis labordiagnostisch in erster Linie nach Noroviren gesucht. In den vergangenen Jahren sind aber zunehmend auch Sapo- und Astroviren als Erreger viraler Gastroenteritiden beschrieben worden. Klinisch sind Sapo- und Astroviren kaum von Noroviren unterscheidbar, für eine genaue Diagnose ist die molekulargenetische Analyse von Stuhlproben notwendig. Sapovirus und Astrovirus haben ähnliche Virus-Eigenschaften wie Norovirus und sollten daher bei Verdacht auf eine akute virale Gastroenteritis ebenfalls in Betracht gezogen werden.
Schuldistanz und Kindeswohl
Authors: Arnz Siegfried
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. In diesem Beitrag wird das Thema Schuldistanz unter dem Gesichtspunkt Kindeswohlgefährdung beleuchtet. Es geht um unterschiedliche Ausprägungen von Schuldistanz und um die Frage, wann von einer Gefährdung des Kindeswohls ausgegangen werden muss. Erläutert wird, wie es gelingen kann, eine wirkungsvolle vernetzte Handlungsstrategie zum Schutz der betroffenen Kinder und Jugendlichen zu entwickeln, wer welche Verantwortung übernehmen soll und muss und welche Bedingungen für eine gelingende Reintegration entscheidend sind.
Notch signaling in astrocytes mediates their morphological response to an inflammatory challenge
Authors: Acaz-Fonseca Estefania , Ortiz-Rodriguez Ana , Azcoitia Iñigo , Garcia-Segura Luis M. , Arevalo Maria-Angeles
Published: April 2019

In the nervous system, Notch pathway has a prominent role in the control of neuronal morphology and in the determination of the astrocyte fate. However, the role of Notch in morphological astrocyte plasticity is unknown. Here, we have explored the role of Notch activity on the morphological reactivity of primary astrocytes in response to LPS, an inflammatory stimulus. We found that LPS induces reactive astrocyte morphology by the inhibition of Notch signaling via NFκB activation and Jagged upregulation. In contrast, IGF-1, an anti-inflammatory molecule, inhibits LPS-induced reactive astrocyte morphological phenotype by enhancing Notch signaling through the inhibition of NFκB and the activation of MAPK. Therefore, Notch signaling pathway emerges as a mediator of the regulation of astrocyte morphology by inflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli.
Room-temperature valley coherence in a polaritonic system
Authors: Qiu L. , Chakraborty C. , Dhara S. , Vamivakas A. N.
Published: April 2019

The emerging field of valleytronics aims to coherently manipulate an electron and/or hole’s valley pseudospin as an information bearing degree of freedom (DOF). Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, due to their strongly bound excitons, their degenerate valleys and their seamless interfacing with photons are a promising candidate for room temperature valleytronics. Although the exciton binding energy suggests room temperature valley coherence should be possible, it has been elusive to-date. A potential solution involves the formation of half-light, half-matter cavity polaritons based on 2D material excitons. It has recently been discovered that cavity polaritons can inherit the valley DOF. Here, we demonstrate the room temperature valley coherence of valley-polaritons by embedding a monolayer of tungsten diselenide in a monolithic dielectric cavity. The extra decay path introduced by the exciton-cavity coupling, which is free from decoherence, is the key to room temperature valley coherence preservation. These observations paves the way for practical valleytronic devices.
Plant leaves inspired sunlight-driven purifier for high-efficiency clean water production
Authors: Geng Hongya , Xu Qiang , Wu Mingmao , Ma Hongyun , Zhang Panpan , Gao Tiantian , Qu Liangti , Ma Tianbao , Li Chun
Published: April 2019

Natural vascular plants leaves rely on differences in osmotic pressure, transpiration and guttation to produce tons of clean water, powered by sunlight. Inspired by this, we report a sunlight-driven purifier for high-efficiency water purification and production. This sunlight-driven purifier is characterized by a negative temperature response poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel (PN) anchored onto a superhydrophilic melamine foam skeleton, and a layer of PNIPAm modified graphene (PG) filter membrane coated outside. Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental results show that the superhydrophilicity of the relatively rigid melamine skeleton significantly accelerates the swelling/deswelling rate of the PNPG-F purifier. Under one sun, this rational engineered structure offers a collection of 4.2 kg m−2 h−1 and an ionic rejection of > 99% for a single PNPG-F from brine feed via the cooperation of transpiration and guttation. We envision that such a high-efficiency sunlight driven system could have great potential applications in diverse water treatments.
Recollection in the human hippocampal-entorhinal cell circuitry
Authors: Staresina Bernhard P. , Reber Thomas P. , Niediek Johannes , Boström Jan , Elger Christian E. , Mormann Florian
Published: April 2019

Imagine how flicking through your photo album and seeing a picture of a beach sunset brings back fond memories of a tasty cocktail you had that night. Computational models suggest that upon receiving a partial memory cue (‘beach’), neurons in the hippocampus coordinate reinstatement of associated memories (‘cocktail’) in cortical target sites. Here, using human single neuron recordings, we show that hippocampal firing rates are elevated from ~ 500–1500 ms after cue onset during successful associative retrieval. Concurrently, the retrieved target object can be decoded from population spike patterns in adjacent entorhinal cortex (EC), with hippocampal firing preceding EC spikes and predicting the fidelity of EC object reinstatement. Prior to orchestrating reinstatement, a separate population of hippocampal neurons distinguishes different scene cues (buildings vs. landscapes). These results elucidate the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit dynamics for memory recall and reconcile disparate views on the role of the hippocampus in scene processing vs. associative memory.
Dual role of the colonization factor CD2831 in Clostridium difficile pathogenesis
Authors: Arato Vanessa , Gasperini Gianmarco , Giusti Fabiola , Ferlenghi Ilaria , Scarselli Maria , Leuzzi Rosanna
Published: April 2019

Clostridium difficileis a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium and the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.C. difficilemodulates its transition from a motile to a sessile lifestyle through a mechanism of riboswitches regulated by cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Previously described as a sortase substrate positively regulated by c-di-GMP, CD2831 was predicted to be a collagen-binding protein and thus potentially involved in sessility. By overexpressing CD2831 inC. difficileand heterologously expressing it on the surface ofLactococcus lactis, here we further demonstrated that CD2831 is a collagen-binding protein, able to bind to immobilized collagen types I, III and V as well as native collagen produced by human fibroblasts. We also observed that the overexpression of CD2831 raises the ability to form biofilm on abiotic surface in bothC. difficileandL. lactis. Notably, we showed that CD2831 binds to the collagen-like domain of the human complement component C1q, suggesting a role in preventing complement cascade activation via the classical pathway. This functional characterization places CD2831 in theMicrobialSurfaceComponentsRecognizingAdhesiveMatrixMolecule (MSCRAMMs) family, a class of virulence factors with a dual role in adhesion to collagen-rich tissues and in host immune evasion by binding to human complement components.
A Network-guided Association Mapping Approach from DNA Methylation to Disease
Authors: Yuan Lin , Huang De-Shuang
Published: April 2019

Aberrant DNA methylation may contribute to development of cancer. However, understanding the associations between DNA methylation and cancer remains a challenge because of the complex mechanisms involved in the associations and insufficient sample sizes. The unprecedented wealth of DNA methylation, gene expression and disease status data give us a new opportunity to design machine learning methods to investigate the underlying associated mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a network-guided association mapping approach from DNA methylation to disease (NAMDD). Compared with existing methods, NAMDD finds methylation-disease path associations by integrating analysis of multiple data combined with a stability selection strategy, thereby mining more information in the datasets and improving the quality of resultant methylation sites. The experimental results on both synthetic and real ovarian cancer data show that NAMDD substantially outperforms former disease-related methylation site research methods (including NsRRR and PCLOGIT) under false positive control. Furthermore, we applied NAMDD to ovarian cancer data, identified significant path associations and provided hypothetical biological path associations to explain our findings.
Acceptorless dehydrogenative construction of CN and CC bonds through catalytic aza-Wittig and Wittig reactions in the presence of an air-stable ruthenium pincer complex
Authors: Biswas Nandita , Das Kalicharan , Sardar Bitan , Srimani Dipankar
Published: April 2019

Acceptorless dehydrogenative construction of CN and CC bonds catalysed by air-stable ruthenium complexes.
Quantitative proteomics for monitoring microbial dynamics in activated sludge from landfill leachate treatment
Authors: Steiner Christoph , Nolte Hendrik , Azizan Asma , Krüger Markus , Denecke Martin , Rehorek Astrid
Published: April 2019

With proteomic analysis of activated sludge for landfill leachate treatment a better understanding of the current status of the process could be achieved.
AgxH3−xPMo12O40/Ag nanorods/g-C3N4 1D/2D Z-scheme heterojunction for highly efficient visible-light photocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Zhang Yi , Zhao Yingnan , Tan Huaqiao , Zhao Zhao , Shi Hongfei , Wang Enbo , Li Yangguang
Published: April 2019

Synergism of light absorption, 1D/2D structure, good interface contact, and Z-scheme endowed the AgxH3−xPMo12O40/Ag/C3N4 composite with excellent performance.
High piezo-resistive performances of anisotropic composites realized by embedding rGO-based chitosan aerogels into open cell polyurethane foams
Authors: Zhai Tianliang , Verdolotti Letizia , Kacilius Saulius , Cerruti Pierfrancesco , Gentile Gennaro , Xia Hesheng , Stanzione Mariamelia , Buonocore Giovanna Giuliana , Lavorgna Marino
Published: April 2019

In situ bidirectional freeze-drying process for the development of anisotropic aerogel–foam composites.
MnB2 nanosheet and nanotube: stability, electronic structures, novel functionalization and application for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Bingwen , Fan Lele , Hu Jingsan , Gu Jianfei , Wang Baolin , Zhang Qinfang
Published: April 2019

The two dimensional MnB2 nanosheet exhibits favorable intrinsic and functionalized electronic structure and the nanotube exhibits promising property as anode material for Li-ion battery.
Thermal transport through fishbone silicon nanoribbons: unraveling the role of Sharvin resistance
Authors: Yang Lin , Zhao Yang , Zhang Qian , Yang Juekuan , Li Deyu
Published: April 2019

The phonon mean free path increases with the fin width, boosting the Sharvin resistance at the constrictions.
DBU-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition and Michael addition reactions of 3-benzylidene succinimides with 3-ylidene oxindoles and chalcones
Authors: Tehri Piyush , Peddinti Rama Krishna
Published: April 2019

DBU-promoted reactions of 3-benzylidene succinimides with 3-ylidene oxindoles furnished spirooxindole derivatives and those with chalcones provided Michael adducts benzylidene succinimide-tethered propanones.
NiFe2O4@ nitrogen-doped carbon hollow spheres with highly efficient and recyclable adsorption of tetracycline
Authors: Chen Zhe , Mu Dongzhao , Chen Feng , Tan Naidi
Published: April 2019

Antibiotics can affect ecosystems and threaten human health; therefore, methods for removing antibiotics have become a popular subject in environmental management and for the protection of human health.
One amino acid change of Angiotensin II diminishes its effects on abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Wang Ya , Xu Yinchuan , Wu Congqing , Xia Hongguang , Wang Yingchao , Nan Jinliang , Chen Jinghai , Yu Hong , Zhu Wei , Shi Peng , Daugherty Alan , Lu Hong S. , Wang Jian’an
Published: April 2019

Angiotensin (Ang) A is formed by the decarboxylation of the N terminal residue of AngII. The present study determined whether this one amino acid change impacted effects of AngII on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in mice. Computational analyses implicated that AngA had comparable binding affinity to both AngII type 1 and 2 receptors as AngII. To compare effects of these two octapeptides in vivo, male low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) or apolipoprotein E (Apoe) deficient mice were infused with either AngII or AngA (1 μg/kg/min) for 4 weeks. While AngII infusion induced AAA consistently in both mouse strains, the equivalent infusion rate of AngA did not lead to AAA formation. We also determined whether co-infusion of AngA would influence AngII-induced aortic aneurysm formation in male Apoe−/− mice. Co-infusion of the same infusion rate of AngII and AngA did not change AngII-induced AAA formation. Since it was reported that a 10-fold higher concentration of AngA elicited comparable vasoconstrictive responses as AngII, we compared a 10-fold higher rate (10 μg/kg/min) of AngA infusion into male Apoe−/− mice with AngII (1 μg/kg/min). This rate of AngA led to abdominal aortic dilation in three of ten mice, but no aortic rupture, whereas the 10-fold lower rate of AngII infusion led to abdominal aortic dilation or rupture in eight of ten mice. In conclusion, AngA, despite only being one amino acid different from AngII, has diminished effects on aortic aneurysmal formation, implicating that the first amino acid of AngII has important pathophysiological functions.
LncRNA DILC participates in rheumatoid arthritis by inducing apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and down-regulating IL-6
Authors: Wang Guan , Tang Lian , Zhang Xihai , Li Yao
Published: April 2019

IL-6 produced by human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS) promotes rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while lncRNA DILC regulates liver cancer stem cells by inhibiting IL-6. Therefore, lncRNA DILC may participate in RA. In the present study, we found that plasma lncRNA DILC was down-regulated, while IL-6 was up-regulated in RA patients than in healthy controls. Plasma levels of lncRNA DILC and IL-6 were significantly and inversely correlated only in RA patients. Overexpression of lncRNA DILC resulted in promoted apoptosis of HFLS isolated from RA patients, while lncRNA DILC siRNA silencing played an opposite role. In addition, overexpression of lncRNA DILC also resulted in inhibited IL-6 expression in HFLS isolated from RA patients. Therefore, lncRNA DILC may participate in RA by inducing apoptosis of HFLS and down-regulating IL-6.
Mitochondrial membrane potential played crucial roles in the accumulation of berberine in HepG2 cells
Authors: Li Qiao , Zhou Ting , Liu Chang , Wang Xiao-Yu , Zhang Ji-Quan , Wu Fei , Lin Ge , Ma Yue-Ming , Ma Bing-Liang
Published: April 2019

Berberine is a natural alkaloid that has antineoplastic effects. However, in hepatoma cells like HepG2, the expressions of uptake transporters are minimal but efflux transporters are relatively high. Hence, how berberine enters and reaches a cytocidal concentration remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we revealed the accumulation mechanism of berberine in HepG2 cells. Cell organelles were isolated based on differential centrifugation; berberine concentration was measured using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass chromatography method or flow cytometry. Subcellular distribution of berberine was observed using a laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results showed that berberine was concentration-, temperature-, and time-dependently taken up and accumulated in HepG2 cells. Membrane drug transporters and cell membrane potential had limited effects in berberine uptake. However, qualitative and quantitative studies showed that berberine was enriched in the mitochondria; inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) significantly decreased the intracellular berberine by up to 70%. More importantly, MMP not only significantly enhanced berberine uptake driven by cell membrane potential (P<0.01) but also inhibited p-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated berberine efflux (P<0.01). In brief, our results for the first time showed that MMP played crucial roles in berberine accumulation in HepG2 cells.
Study of nuclear media effects in meson photoproduction
Authors: Lapik A. , Lisin V. , Nedorezov V. , Polonski A. , Rudnev N.
Published: April 2019

In addition to the current BGO-OD experimental program we propose to study nuclear media effects in photoproduction of mesons using a new experimental method based on measuring a recoil nucleon as a tagger of the selected partial channel. The principal goal is to learn how unstable mesons (πo, π+, π−, η, ρ, ω, etc.) interact with nuclear media. This approach continues previous GRAAL experiments to study nuclear excitation dynamics, including multifragmentation of nuclei by intermediate energy photons.
Exclusive studies on short range correlations in nuclei
Authors: Patsyuk Maria , Hen Or , Piasetzky Eliezer
Published: April 2019

Short Range Correlations (SRC) are brief fluctuations of high relative momentum nucleon pairs. Properties of SRC have important consequences for nuclear physics, high energy physics, atomic physics, and astrophysics. SRC pairs form some of the densest states of cold matter achievable on Earth, making them an ideal system to study the partonic and nucleonic degrees of freedom in nuclear systems. Hard exclusive breakup reactions, where high-energy probes scatter on SRC pairs, are used to study such properties of SRC pairs as isospin decomposition, nuclear mass and asymmetry dependence, c.m. momentum distribution. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) plays a key role in the SRC program. CLAS (CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer), located in Hall B at JLab, has almost 4πcoverage and is capable of measuring exclusive reactions of the type A(e, e’pp). We will discuss the recent experimental results from JLab and future experiments planned at JLab as well as at JINR.
Chiral anomaly transition form factor of γ → 3π in nonlocal quark model
Authors: Zhevlakov Alexey
Published: April 2019

Chiral anomaly of gamma transition into three pions are studied in a framework of nonlocal chiral quark model. In the local limit the result is in agreement with chiral perturbative theory and reproducesWess-Zumino-Witten anomaly. Transition form factor of gamma into three pions in nonlocal quark model has a correction which vanishes in local limit.
Fluctuating shapes of fireballs in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Tomášik Boris , Cimerman Jakub , Kopečná Renata , Schulc Martin
Published: April 2019

We argue that the energy and momentum deposition from hard partons into quark-gluon plasma induces an important contribution to the final state hadron anisotropies. We also advocate a novel method of Event Shape Sorting which allows one to analyse the azimuthal anisotropies of the fireball dynamics in more detail. The application of the method in femtoscopy is demonstrated.
Features of relativistic electron radiation in storage rings
Authors: Shishanin Oleg
Published: April 2019

The formulation of the problem is due to the fact that the spectral properties of radiation in alternating magnetic fields, as compared with homogeneous fields, differ little, but the angular characteristics depend significantly on betatron oscillations. Because the dynamics of an electron in the magnetic systems of accelerators is rather complicated, a number of simplifications has been made here. The asymptotic formulas for the spectral and angular distributions of the radiation intensity with the first quantum correction have been obtained by Schwinger’s operator method. For them, as well as for the angular characteristics of synchrotron light, approximate expressions are given, allowing researchers to determine the desired properties of photon emission at certain points of the electron orbit.
Sensitivity of elastic electron scattering off the 3He to the nucleon form factors
Authors: Bondarenko Serge , Burov Valery , Yurev Sergey
Published: April 2019

Elastic electron-3He scattering is studied in the relativistic impulse approximation. The amplitudes for the three-nucleon system – 3He – are obtained by solving the relativistic generalization of the Faddeev equation. The charge and magnetic form factor are calculated and compared with the experimental data for the momentum transfer squared up to 100 fm-2. The influence of the various nucleon form factors is investigated.
String model calculation of the strongly intensive observables for multiplicities in two windows
Authors: Vechernin Vladimir
Published: April 2019

We calculate the strongly intensive observables for multiplicities in two rapidity windows in the model with independent identical strings taking into account the charge sign of particles. We express the observables through the string pair correlation functions describing the correlations between the same and opposite sign particles produced in a string decay. We extract these charge-wise string two-particle correlation functions from the ALICE data on the forward-backward correlations and the balance function. Using them we predict the behavior of the charge-wise strongly intensive observables in the model with independent identical strings.
Study of multipion production in np-interaction at intermediate energies
Authors: Jerusalimov Alexander , Arakelian Susanna , Belyaev Alexander , Ladygin Vladimir , Troyan Alexander
Published: April 2019

The reactions of the multipion production in np-interactions were studied at the momenta of incident neutrons from 1.73 to 5.20 GeV/c. The pions multiplicity of the studied reactions was from 2 to 6. It was shown that the characteristics of the reactions were satisfactory described within the framework of OPER-model (One Pion Reggeizied Exchange). Additionally the diagrams of one baryon exchange (OBE) were used for a better description of the data at the momenta of incident neutrons below 3 GeV/c.
Comparing two different descriptions of the I-V characteristic of graphene: theory and experiment
Authors: Panferov Anatolii , Smolyansky Stanislav , Blaschke David , Gevorgyan Narine
Published: April 2019

The formalism of the nonperturbative description of transport phenomena in graphene in the framework of the quantum kinetic equation for the Schwinger-like process is compared with the description on the basis of Zener- Klein tunneling. The regime of ballistic conductivity in a constant electric field is considered.

In the latter case the interaction of carriers with electric field is described in terms of the spatial dependence of their potential energy (x-representation). The presented kinetic formalism uses an alternative method of describing the interaction with a field through the introduction of a quasimomentumP=p– (e/c)A(t), whereA(t) is the vector potential (t-representation). Both approaches should lead to the same physical characteristics of the described process.

The measurement of the current in experiments is realized in static conditions determined by the potential difference between the electrodes and the distance between them. These parameters are native for the x-representation. On the contrary, in the approach based on the t-representation it is necessary to consider the situation in dynamics and introduce the effective lifetime of the generated carriers. In the ballistic regime this time depends on the distance between the electrodes.

We give a detailed comparison of these two descriptions of the current and demonstrate a good coincidence with the experimental data of the alternative approach based on the t-representation. It provides a reliable foundation for the application of nonperturbative methods adopted from strong field QED, that allows one to include in the consideration more general models of the field (arbitrary polarization and time dependence) and extend the scope of the theory.
Self-similarity approach for prediction and analysis of experiments at the accelerator complex NICA
Authors: Baldina Elina G. , Baldin Anton A.
Published: April 2019

The given functional self-similarity solution quantitatively describes angular, energy and A-dependences of inclusive production cross sections for hadrons in relativistic nuclear collisions. It is applied to quantitative estimation of D, as well as φ and J/ψ meson production in collider experiment at the NICA accelerator complex with heavy nuclei. The results can be used for optimization of kinematically registered parameters for investigation of collective phenomena.
Study of electric field in SiPM active volume by the volt-farad characteristics analysis
Authors: Kushpil V. , Ladygin V. , Kushpil S.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand the change of the SiPM structure after irradiation. We compared the profile of the electric field in the SiPM (KETEK) active region for ten not-irradiated and irradiated detectors. The standard method of measurement of C-V characteristics was applied using two configurations (serial and parallel circuit) to exclude the influence of the serial resistance. Dependencies of capacitance on the frequency were studied in the range from 10 to 1000 KHz. For non-irradiated detectors we detected in CV characteristics the local instability basically connected with accumulation of charge on boundary optical isolation-silicon. In addition, the hysteresis of CV characteristics was detected. For irradiated detectors the local instability was visible as well but the hysteresis of CV characteristics was not detected. The results demonstrate that the applied method can be used for the relative analysis of how SiPM active region properties changed after irradiation.
Performance of the BM@N GEM/CSC tracking system at the Nuclotron beam
Authors: Galavanov A. , Kapishin M. , Kapusniak K. , Karjavine V. , Khabarov S. , Kirushin Y. , Kolesnikov A. , Kulish E. , Lenivenko V. , Makankin A. , Maksymchuk A. , Mehl B. , De Oliveira R. , Plotnikov V. , Pokatashkin G. , Rodriguez A. , Rumyantcev M. , Rufanov I. , Sidorenko V. , Vasiliev S. , Vishnevskiy A.
Published: April 2019

BM@N (Baryonic Matter at the Nuclotron) is a fixed target experiment aimed to study nuclear matter in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Nuclotron accelerator in JINR. The BM@N tracking system is based on Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) detectors mounted inside the BM@N analyzing magnet. The Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC) is installed outside the magnet. The CSC is used for improvement of particles momentum identification. The structure of the GEM detectors and the CSC prototype and the results of study of their characteristics are presented. The GEM detectors and CSC are integrated into the BM@N experimental setup and data acquisition system. The results of first tests of the GEM tracking system and CSC in last runs are shortly reviewed.
A search for new light charged particles in photoproduction
Authors: Alekseev V.I. , Baskov V.A. , Dronov V.A. , Krechetov Yu.F. , L’vov A.I. , Pavlyuchenko L.N. , Polyanskiy V.V. , Sidorin S.S.
Published: April 2019

Motivated by recent V.A. Nikitin’s reports on observation of new light charged particles with a 2-meter JINR propane bubble chamber we perform an experiment at the LPI electron synchrotron "Pakhra" with the aim to detect such particles in the Bethe–Heitler process. Theoretical limits for masses of new light charged particles of spin 0, 1/2 and 1 arising from precise data on the muon anomalous magnetic moment are recalculated and updated. A geometry of the photoproduction experiment is proposed that optimizes signal-tonoise ratio. First results of the experiment are exposed.
Microscopic model of optical potential for testing the 12,14Be+p elastic scattering at 700 Mev
Authors: Lukyanov Valery , Zemlyanaya Elena , Lukyanov Konstantin
Published: April 2019

The data on the 12,14Be + p elastic scattering cross sections at 700 Mev are compared with those obtained by solving the relativistic wave equation with the microscopic optical potentials calculated as folding of the NN amplitude of scattering with densities of these nuclei in the form of the symmetrized Fermi function with the fitted radius and diffuseness parameters, and also with the densities obtained in two microscopic models, based on the Generator Coordinate Method (GCM) and the other one – on the Variational Method of Calculations (VMC). For 12Be, above models turn out to be in a small disagreement with the data at "large" angles of scattering θ ≥ 9°, while for the 14Be one sees some inconsistence at smaller angles, too.
Dynamics of a tensor polarization of particles and nuclei and its influence on the spin motion in external fields
Authors: Silenko Alexander J.
Published: April 2019

The tensor polarization of particles and nuclei is constant in a coordinate system rotating with the same angular velocity as the spin. In the laboratory frame, it rotates with this angular velocity. The general equation determining the evolution of the tensor polarization is derived. An explicit form of the dynamics of this polarization is given in the case when the angular velocity of the spin precession is constant and vertical. It is shown that the spin tensor interactions result in mutual transformations of the vector and tensor polarizations. These interactions can influence the spin motion.
Medium-indused modification of kaons spectra measured in SIDIS at HERMES
Authors: Nazaryan Gevorg
Published: April 2019

The predicted high sensitivity of the nuclear modification factor for K– in SIDIS due to the QCD based effect of medium-induced flavour conversion in the fragmentation function is studied at HERMES experiment. Unlike π+, π– and K+ nuclear modification factor for K– is assumed to increase at high value of Bjorken variable xB and a hadron fraction energy z. The experimental signature of this phenomenon is an enhanced K– nuclear modification factor compared with those of K+ for high xB and z range. The z spectra of nuclear attenuation ratios for charged kaons in different slices of xB extracted on Ne, Kr and Xe targets will be presented and discussed.
Bistability and Triggering Analysis of Thermoacoustic Instability in a Horizontal Rijke Tube
Authors: Feng Jianchang , Ao Wen , Liu Peijin
Published: April 2019

Dynamical systems theory has been often employed to study nonlinear flow and flame dynamics in combustion systems. However, the corresponding studies using nonlinear dynamics to analyze the Rijke tube thermoacoustic system are still occasional. Little study has been performed to elucidate the characteristics of triggering phenomenon in the bistable region of the thermoacoustic system. In this regard, the main objectives of the present research are to contribute analysis for the lack of literature in these areas, especially to study the bistability and triggering properties of a thermoacoustic system. The thermoacoustic model of a horizontal Rijke tube is firstly established. The governing equations are expanded and solved by using Galerkin method. The analysis of the system is carried out by using nonlinear dynamics theory. Linear and nonlinear stability boundaries for the variation of non-dimensional heater power, damping coefficient and the relative heater location are obtained for different values of non-dimensional time lag in the system. Regions of global stability, global instability and bistability are characterized. The bistable region in the relative heater location is distributed symmetrically with xf=0.25. It is observed that the bistable region in the relative heater location firstly decreases with an increase in the non-dimensional time lag, reaching a minimum value at a certain critical value of τ, then increases. The situation for the bistable region in the damping coefficient presents a reverse variation, And the bistable region reach the maximum at τ=0.5. The triggering phenomenon and limit cycle of the system in the bistable region are studied. The critical triggering values are determined with the changes of the non-dimensional heater power, the damping coefficient and the relative heater location. The critical triggering value of velocity perturbation decreases with the increase of non-dimensional heater power, whereas an increasing trend is observed with the increase of damping coefficient. Interestingly, the critical triggering value firstly decreases and then increases with the increase of the relative heater location. The variation of critical triggering value for pressure perturbation is found to correspond with velocity perturbation. In the bistable region, the amplitude and frequency of the steady limit cycle oscillation of the system are independent of the initial perturbation values, but the perturbation value has strong effect on the duration needed to achieve the steady limit cycle, and the time required for the system to reach the limit cycle under the perturbation of U1=0.4 is about 3 times longer than that of U1=0.8.
Experimental Study on Morphological Characteristics of Ventilated Supercavity of Double Disc Cavitator Projectile
Authors: Deng Fei , Xiong Wei , Zhou Jianglei , Zheng Dandan , Su Xiaoyang , Tang Yong
Published: April 2019

Based on the principle of independence of cavity sections expansion, a double disc cavitator for underwater projectiles is proposed in this paper.The high-speed water tunnel experiment is carried out to study the generation and morphological characteristics of the ventilated supercavity which generated by this series of double disc cavitator.The experiment observed the ventilated supercavity morphology under the different cone angles by changing the ventilation flow coefficient.The experimental results show that there are two kinds of cavitation states:the front disc preferential cavitation and the rear disc preferential cavitation. The transition between these two states occur at a cone angle about 55°.The value of the critical ventilation flow coefficient when generating stable ventilation supercavity has a positive correlation with the cone angle.The front disc and the rear disc of the cavitator have mutual inhibitory effect on the production of ventilated supercavities.And the morphological characteristics of ventilated supercavity do not increase with the increasing of ventilation flow coefficient, but there is an upper limit value of ventilation flow coefficient.
A Study on Path Planning Algorithms of UAV Collision Avoidance
Authors: Xu Zhao , Hu Jinwen , Ma Yunhong , Wang Man , Zhao Chunhui
Published: April 2019

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been a research hotspot worldwide. The UAV system is developing to be more and more intelligent and autonomous. UAV path planning is an important part of UAV autonomous control and the important guarantee of UAV's safety. For the purpose of improving the collision avoidance and path planning algorithms, the artificial potential field, fuzzy logic algorithm and ant colony algorithm are simulated respectively in the static obstacle and dynamic obstacle environments, and compared based on the minimum avoidance distance and range ratio. Meanwhile, an improved algorithm of artificial potential field is proposed, and the improvement helps the UAV escape the local minimum by introducing the vertical guidance repulsion. The simulation results are rigorous and reliable, which lay a foundation for the further fusion of multiple algorithms and improving the path planning algorithms.
Real-Time Artifact Compensation for Depth Images of Multi-Frequency ToF
Authors: Wang Sen , Wang Runxiao , Zuo Xinxin , Yu Weiwei
Published: April 2019

During the last few years, Time-of-Flight(TOF) sensor achieved a significant impact onto research and industrial fields due to that it can capture depth easily. For dynamic scenes and phase fusion, ToF sensor's working principles can lead to significant artifacts, therefore an efficient method to combine motion compensation and kernel density estimate multi-frequency unwrapping is proposed. Firstly, the raw multi-phase images are captured, then calculate the optical flow between each frequency. Secondly, by generating multiple depth hypotheses, uses a spatial kernel density estimation is used to rank them with wrapped phase images. Finally, the accurate depth from fused phase image is gotten. The algorithm on Kinect V2 is validated and the pixel-wise part is optimized using GPU. The method shows its real time superior performance on real datasets.
Editorial Referateband 2019
Authors: Dazert Stefan
Published: April 2019

Liebe Kolleginnen, liebe Kollegen,

es freut mich außerordentlich, den aus meiner Sicht sehr spannenden Referateband zur 90. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie vorzustellen. Die hochinteressanten wissenschaftlichen Abhandlungen aus neun Universitäten bearbeiten unterschiedliche Bereiche zum Kongressthema „Digitalisierung in der HNO-Heilkunde“ und zeigen wichtige Aspekte für die Weiterentwicklung und Zukunftssicherung unseres Fachgebietes auf.
Psychosoziale Charakterisierung und Integrative Versorgung arbeitsloser Jugendlicher mit extremer Adipositas – ein Modellprojekt
Authors: Mühlig Yvonne , Remy Miriam , Holle Rolf , Scherag André , Wabitsch Martin , Hebebrand Johannes
Published: April 2019

Einleitung Soziale Benachteiligung stellt eine Behandlungsbarriere für Jugendliche mit (extremer) Adipositas dar. Mit der Implementierung einer Spezialambulanz in Kooperation mit fünf Job-Centern sollte geprüft werden, ob arbeitslose Jugendliche mit Adipositas Interesse an einer Behandlung ihrer Adipositas haben und welche Teilnahmeraten sie in einem mehrstufigen Behandlungsprogramm aufweisen.

Material und Methoden Jugendliche (15,0–24,9 Jahre) mit einem Body-Mass-Index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 erhielten das Angebot zur Beratung bzgl. Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der Adipositas im Job-Center. Interessierte Jugendliche wurden nach einer psychologischen Diagnostik in ein multimodales Behandlungsprogramm (6 Sitzungen) aufgenommen. Bei Interesse und bewiesener Adhärenz (Teilnahme an ≥5 Sitzungen) folgte ein Informationskurs (4 Sitzungen) und eine Indikationsprüfung für eine adipositaschirurgische Maßnahme.

Ergebnisse Von 2012–2017 wurden 83 Jugendliche (im Mittel 21,1 Jahre, BMI 48,1 kg/m2, BMI 35,0–39,9 kg/m2: N=7, ≥ 40 kg/m2: N=71) eingeschlossen. 34 bewiesen ihre Adhärenz (≥5/6 Sitzungen in der multimodalen Adipositasintervention), 20 interessierten sich für einen adipositaschirurgischen Eingriff. Bisher wurden 11 Jugendliche operiert mit einer mittleren BMI-Reduktion von 14,3 kg/m2 3–36 Monate nach der Operation („Excess Weight Loss“ 27,3%) im Vergleich zu 3,8 kg/m2 6–48 Monate nach Behandlungsbeginn bei den nicht-operierten Jugendlichen. 13 Teilnehmer wurden auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt integriert.

Diskussion Einige arbeitslose Jugendliche nahmen das Behandlungsangebot gut an und zeigten eine positive gesundheitliche und berufliche Entwicklung im Verlauf ihrer Teilnahme.

Schlussfolgerung Die Implementierung einer Spezialambulanz für arbeitslose Jugendliche mit Adipositas in deutschen Job-Centern erweist sich als eine erfolgreiche Strategie, um diese oft unbehandelte Hochrisikogruppe zu charakterisieren und den individuellen Behandlungsbedarf zu ermitteln. Dieser Befund muss an einer größeren Stichprobe im Langzeitverlauf bestätigt werden.
Safety, efficacy, and removability of a fully covered multi-hole metal stent in a swine model of hilar biliary stricture: a feasibility study
Authors: Park Jin-Seok , Jeong Seok , Kobayashi Makoto , Lee Don
Published: April 2019

Background and study aims Use of fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) for biliary drainage of malignant hilar biliary strictures is limited because of risk of cholangitis due to side branch obstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of unilateral placement of a multi-hole FCSEMS (FCSEMS-MH), which had a 2.5-mm hole in the center of the membrane on each cavity, in a swine model of hilar biliary stricture.

Materials and methods Six female mini pigs were included in this prospective study. The hilar biliary stricture model was prepared using an endobiliary radiofrequency ablation. FCSEMS-MHs were endoscopically inserted into the peri-hilar bile duct of all the animals. Outcomes were assessed in terms of adverse events (AEs) including cholangitis, stent patency, stent migration, and endoscopic stent removability for 1 month after stenting.

Results In terms of hilar biliary stricture types, two animals were of Bismuth type I and four were of type II. Technical success rate for endoscopic metal stenting was 100 % (6/6), and the functional success rate, which was evaluated 7 days after stent insertion, was also 100 % (5/5). The immediate overall AE rate was 0 %. There was no procedure-related mortality and stent migration did not occur in any animal during the 4-week stent indwelling period. Stents were removed from all six animals at 4 weeks post-stenting.

Conclusion Unilateral placement of FCSEMS-MH might be safe and effect for swine hilar biliary stricture models. However, long-term follow-up and comparative studies are needed to verify the usefulness of this stent.
Jejunal diaphragm disease associated with cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Kagebayashi Sumika , Yamamoto Shuji , Seno Hiroshi
Published: April 2019

Background and study aims Diaphragm disease (DD) is a rare gastrointestinal disease featuring multiple thin, circumferential strictures in the intestine, related to prolonged intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Here, we report a case of DD associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a patient not taking NSAIDs. A 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to persistent epigastric pain. Push enteroscopy showed extensive mucosal detachment in the upper jejunum. Immunohistochemistry examination of biopsy specimens revealed CMV positivity. In addition, CMV antigenemia was positive. Antiviral treatment with ganciclovir improved his symptoms and the CMV antigenemia became negative. Wireless capsule enteroscopy performed 1 month after antiviral treatment showed regenerated mucosa and multiple diaphragm-like strictures in the jejunum, resulting in capsule retention. Balloon dilatation using double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) was performed and the capsule was retrieved endoscopically. DBE 6 months after antiviral therapy confirmed no recurrence of stenosis or inflammation. The patient had no history of long-term NSAID use. In a case of DD unassociated with NSAIDs, CMV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Endoscopic management of common bile duct stones: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline
Authors: Manes Gianpiero , Paspatis Gregorios , Aabakken Lars , Anderloni Andrea , Arvanitakis Marianna , Ah-Soune Philippe , Barthet Marc , Domagk Dirk , Dumonceau Jean-Marc , Gigot Jean-Francois , Hritz Istvan , Karamanolis George , Laghi Andrea , Mariani Alberto , Paraskeva Konstantina , Pohl Jürgen , Ponchon Thierry , Swahn Fredrik , ter Steege Rinze W. F. , Tringali Andrea , Vezakis Antonios , Williams Earl J. , van Hooft Jeanin E.
Published: April 2019

Main Recommendations

ESGE recommends offering stone extraction to all patients with common bile duct stones, symptomatic or not, who are fit enough to tolerate the intervention.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

ESGE recommends liver function tests and abdominal ultrasonography as the initial diagnostic steps for suspected common bile duct stones. Combining these tests defines the probability of having common bile duct stones.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

ESGE recommends endoscopic ultrasonography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography to diagnose common bile duct stones in patients with persistent clinical suspicion but insufficient evidence of stones on abdominal ultrasonography.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

ESGE recommends the following timing for biliary drainage, preferably endoscopic, in patients with acute cholangitis, classified according to the 2018 revision of the Tokyo Guidelines:

– severe, as soon as possible and within 12 hours for patients with septic shock

– moderate, within 48 – 72 hours

– mild, elective.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

ESGE recommends endoscopic placement of a temporary biliary plastic stent in patients with irretrievable biliary stones that warrant biliary drainage.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence.

ESGE recommends limited sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large-balloon dilation as the first-line approach to remove difficult common bile duct stones.

Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.

ESGE recommends the use of cholangioscopy-assisted intraluminal lithotripsy (electrohydraulic or laser) as an effective and safe treatment of difficult bile duct stones.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

ESGE recommends performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 2 weeks from ERCP for patients treated for choledocholithiasis to reduce the conversion rate and the risk of recurrent biliary events.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.