bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Q&A (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Time-based E/M Management; ICD-10 Feeding Problems; Holiday Office Hours
Q&A
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Self-harm; Allergic Rhinitis; Preventative Medicine Counseling.
ICD-10-CM 2017: A First Look at Code Changes
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The first update to ICD-10-CM since implementation will take place on October 1, 2016. Are you ready?
ICD-10-CM 2017: Newborn Conditions Ruled Out
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

One of the significant changes for pediatricians is revision of codes for newborns suspected to be affected by maternal factors and complications of pregnancy, labor, and delivery …
ICD-10-CM 2017: Congenital Conditions and Malformations
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Several requests for new ICD-10-CM codes were based on the need to better identify and track specific congenital conditions and malformations.
ICD-10-CM 2017: Fractures (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

There are a significant number of new codes for fractures in the update to ICD-10-CM.
Q&A
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Pink Diaper Syndrome; Evaluation and Management: Vital Signs
ICD-10-CM: A–Z of Key Guideline Revisions for Pediatric Coding
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Several minor changes to key guidelines for reporting International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) that were implemented October 1, 2016, may affect reporting of pediatric services. This article focuses on a few of the revisions that affect diagnoses frequently encountered in the pediatric population.
You Code It! ADHD Follow-up Visit Answer (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Answers to the coding question posed in the scenario in the “You Code It! ADHD Follow-up Visit” article.
Bilateral Services: Modifiers and Payment
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the Dos and Don’ts of using modifier 50 to code bilateral services.
Coding Challenge: Bilateral Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Examples to test your knowledge on how to correctly use modifier 50.
The Whos and Whats of Reporting 99211
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article covers some important questions and answers on the use of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) code 99211.
Q&A
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

CPT®: Timed Services; CPT: Modifiers 58 and 78; ICD-10-CM: Body Mass Index
Transitional Care Management Q&A
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article provides answers to some frequently asked questions about reporting transitional care management services.
Intravenous Hydration and Infusion Coding
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

As some pediatric practices offer intravenous hydration and/or infusion services in the office setting, it is important to select not only the correct codes, but also the correct category of service. This article offers guidance on coding for these services.
Q&A
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

ICD-10-CM: Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome; CPT®: Alcohol Intervention; CPT: New Setting/Established Patient; CPT: New or Established Patient/Hospital Care
Current Procedural Terminology® Updates, 2018
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

A review of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) changes that appear most likely to affect reporting of pediatric services. All changes will be implemented on January 1, 2018.
You Code It! Road Rash (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

An example scenario in which a pediatrician is caring for a patient with a leg injury.
Q&A
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

ICD-10-CM: Cyclical Vomiting; ICD-10-CM Injury Follow-up
2018 ICD-10-CM Guidelines: Related Conditions
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

One notable change from the 2017 International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) to the 2018 version is the added instruction for reporting related conditions.
2018 ICD-10-CM Guidelines: Substance Use/Abuse/Dependence
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Changes to reporting substance use, abuse, or dependence in remission in the 2018 ICD-10-CM are discussed.
Coding for Lacrimal Duct Obstruction and Stenosis: Congenital or Neonatal?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article offers suggestions for coding for lacrimal duct obstruction or stenosis.
Pediatric Critical Care: Coding for Multiple Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The prefatory lanugage to the inpatient neonatal and pediatric critical care codes is revised for 2018. The revision is intended to clarify when it is permissible to separately report critical care services provided by more than one physician or provided before and after admission on the same date.
Minor Integumentary Procedures: Documentation and Coding
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on reporting evaluation and management services in conjuunction with minor procedures.
Lactation Counseling: Payer Policies Drive Coding
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

In this article, we review lactation counseling as a preventive service and not as an evaluation and management service related to a feeding problem requiring medical management.
You Code It! Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

An example scenario in which a specialist is treating a patient with type 1 diabetes.
You Code It! Newborn Care
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you assign the appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification and Current Procedural Terminology® codes for the following scenario?
Evaluation and Management: Q & A
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Coding for evaluation and management (E/M) services is complex. Physicians and coders continue to have questions on how to select codes based on the current guidelines. Here are a few examples.
You Code It! Injury and Illness Managed at the Same Encounter (Answers)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Answers to You Code It! cases are presented here.
October 2018 Edition Errata
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The new codes for Changing of Gastrostomy Tube were reported incorrectly in the October edition and are listed correctly here.
You Code It! What’s Wrong With These Claims?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This month’s You Code It! features coding errors that can be recognized by simply reviewing the codes submitted on a claim. Can you spot the errors?
AAP Honored for Excellence in Coding Education
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The AAP was recently awarded the 2019 CPT Educational Excellence Award for its work on coding and coding education.
ICD-10-CM Challenge
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Test your knowledge of the conventions of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM).
Q&A
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This month, Q&A topics include camp physicals, negative responses to history of present illness, documentation from previous encouters, and reporting the removal of an umbilical clamp.
You Code It! Answers: Cerumen Removal or Evaluation and Management?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The answer to this month’s You Code It! scenario is presented here.
Coding Hotline
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This month, the Coding Hotline answers a question related to follow-up evaluation and management (E/M) services.
ICD-10-CM: Why Was This Claim Denied?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you determine why this E/M service claim was denied? We show you what went wrong and help you avoid a similar situation at your own practice.
Don’t Leave Money on the Table: Missed Coding Opportunities
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Compliant and accurate coding can significantly increase your practice’s bottom line. This article features key takeaways from the AAP’s most recent coding webinar.
Coding for Preventive Laboratory Tests on Blood Specimens
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Two different practice models surround the conducting of laboratory tests: blood is drawn in the physician’s practice and sent out for analysis, or the testing is performed right in the physician’s office. We’ll guide you through coding for each scenario.
Are You Ready for Preparticipation Physical Evaluations?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Many insurance companies do not cover preparticipation physical evaluations (PPEs). These quick tips can help you report and code them properly.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ September 2019 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
You Code It! Asthma Care Management
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you assign the appropriate procedure codes to the following scenario using instructions provided by the article “CPT® 2020: Reporting Use of Physiologic Data in Patient Management”?
CPT® 2020: Reporting Use of Physiologic Data in Patient Management
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

In recent years, many changes have taken place in Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) in relation to additional and revised codes for reporting use of physiologic data in diagnosis and management of patient conditions. This article covers changes coming in 2020.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ October 2019 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Chronic Care Management Documentation and Tracking Examples
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The examples in this article are provided to further demonstrate CCM activities and how the time spent in these activities may be tracked.
Chronic Care Management Tracking Worksheet (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This worksheet helps physicians identify CCM activities that should be documented and provides related codes.
Coding Hotline
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This month’s coding questions address referencing emergency department documentation, the long-term use of intranasal corticosteroid, and appending a modifier to the code for anesthesia service.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ March 2020 Quiz
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ April 2020 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Office E/M 2021: Determining Levels of Amount and/or Complexity of Data
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The examples in this article illustrate how to determine the amount and/or complexity of data to be reviewed and analyzed.
Coding Hotline
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This month’s Coding Hotline addresses concerns regarding a twin of a stillborn, well-child vision and hearing screenings, oral dexamethasone, metered dose inhalers, and PKU test cards.
You Code It! E/M 2020 and 2021
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you assign the proper codes to these scenarios?
2020–2021 ICD-10-CM Updates
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The annual changes to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes will be implemented on October 1, 2020. This article provides a review of changes that may be of interest to pediatricians.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ September 2020 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ October 2020 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Office E/M 2021: Level 5 Visits
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article provides information and examples of the changes that will be implemented for office and other outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) codes provided on or after January 1, 2021.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ November 2020 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
2021 Office Evaluation and Management Questions Answered
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The January 1, 2021, implementation of the revised office and other outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) codes and guidelines is right around the corner! This article compiles frequently asked questions about the new guidelines and codes.
AAP Coding Product Update
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

An example that appeared in Coding for Pediatrics 2021 and Pediatric Office-Based Evaluation and Management Coding: 2021 Revisions has been updated and posted at www.aap.org/cfp and www.aap.org/errata. Additionally, examples appearing in Pediatric Evaluation and Management: Coding Quick Reference Card 2021 have been been updated and posted at www.aap.org/cfp and www.aap.org/errata.
You Code It! Answers
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you assign the appropriate diagnosis and procedure codes for the following service?
Coding Challenge: Chronic Care Management Services 2021
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you assign the correct 2021 chronic or complex chronic care management (CCM) codes to the scenarios described in the Challenge Table?
New ICD-10-CM Codes Related to COVID-19 Released
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

As a result of the urgent and ongoing need to capture more information related to the current public health emergency, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification deviated from its regular release schedule to issue 6 new codes related to COVID-19 that go into effect January 1, 2021.
ICD-10-CM Update: Coding for Self-harm
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

For services provided on and after October 1, 2021, new diagnosis codes distinguish between self-harm with suicidal intent and other self-harm such as intentionally cutting or burning one’s self.
Coding and Use of Interpretation Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (and some state regulations) mandates providing sign language or oral language interpretation services to a patient and/or their caregiver and the patient/caregiver may not be billed for the cost.
You Code It! Injury Treatment With Violence Counseling in the Emergency Department
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you assign the appropriate procedure and diagnosis codes to the scenario?
You Code It! Answers: Injury Treatment With Violence Counseling in the Emergency Department
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The answers to this month’s You Code It! scenario are presented.
Update to NCCI Edits for Allowance of 99211 With Immunization Administration
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) changed a procedure-to-procedure edit from modifier indicator 0 to 1. CMS agreed to this change to allow for reporting of code 99211 if the patient presents for a nurse-only vaccine encounter and also requires a COVID-19 test.
New CPT COVID-19 Codes Released
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The AMA has announced an update to the CPT code set for new product and administration codes assigned to the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for children 6 months of age to 5 years of age.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter
™ March 2022 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Trends in Routine Opioid Dispensing After Common Pediatric Surgeries in the United States: 2014–2019
Authors: Sutherland Tori N. , Wunsch Hannah , Newcomb Craig , Hadland Scott , Gaskins Lakisha , Neuman Mark D.
Published: April 2022

Using Joinpoint regression, our study revealed substantial decreases in postoperative opioid dispensing after outpatient pediatric surgeries beginning in 2017.
Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 on a Regional Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Service During the First Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Olusan Adeogo Akinwale , Devlin Peadar
Published: April 2022

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the preferred reperfusion strategy in ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI). This study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on the authors’ pPCI service. Methods: A retrospective study of referrals to the Belfast pPCI service between 23 March and 9 June 2020 – the period of the first full lockdown in the UK – was performed. All ECGs were reviewed alongside patient history. A pPCI turndown was deemed inappropriate if the review demonstrated that the criteria to qualify for pPCI had been met. The number of pPCIs was compared with 2019. Results: The unit had 388 referrals in 78 days, from which 134 patients were accepted for pPCI and 235 referrals were turned down. Of these, nine (4%) were deemed inappropriate. No referrals were turned down because of COVID-19. Of the nine inappropriate cases, six had pPCI following re-referral, two had routine PCI and one had takotsubo syndrome. From the accepted cohort, 85% had pPCI. In the appropriate turndown cohort, there was a final cardiovascular diagnosis in 53% (n=127) of patients, 1-year mortality was 16% (n=38), 55% (n=21) of which were due to a cardiovascular death. There was a 29% reduction in the number of pPCIs performed compared with 2019. Conclusion: During the first wave of COVID-19 there was a significant reduction in the number of pPCIs performed at the Department of Cardiology at Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast. This was not due to an increase in referrals being inappropriately turned down. The majority of the cohort who had their referral turned down had a final cardiovascular diagnosis unrelated to STEMI; 1-year mortality in this group was significant.
Iteration type I of holistic DBR - transferability of design Principles
Authors: Tammeleht Anu
Published: April 2022

The iterative nature of DBR is a well-known and valued aspect of research in education. Nevertheless, iterations may take different formats, especially if a complex design object is at hand.  Holistic DBR outlined by Dr Gabi Reinmann (2020) provides an opportunity to display development of complex research objects. Still, there are not many examples to illustrate holistic DBR iterations. The current paper illustrates iteration type I of the holistic DBR and also displays how transferability of design principles can be tested. The iteration is a part of a wider DBR (Cycle 10) outlined in the article: Design principles for developing online ethics resources - the outcome of holistic DBR process. The current study utilised document analysis and a short questionnaire to evaluate whether the design principles would support creating ethics resources in various disciplines. The results of Cycle 10 contributed to elaboration of design principles, and elicited recommendations on facilitation of ethics training.
Prueba urbana y soportes en migrantes residentes en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Álvarez Rojas Ana María , Lara Edwards Antonia , Stang Alva Fernanda
Published: April 2022

Entre los problemas que experimentan los migrantes[1] en Santiago de Chile se encuentran el acceso a una vivienda y a un hábitat de calidad, particularmente en los primeros años de su experiencia migratoria. Enfrentan también dificultades de convivencia, discriminación y xenofobia en el espacio público, barrios y trabajo. Abordamos estos aspectos a partir de la noción de prueba urbana, que refiere a una tensión de naturaleza histórica y estructural que confronta a los individuos a desafíos comunes en relación con su vida en la ciudad, frente a los cuales deben responder desde su experiencia y a partir de sus recursos personales. Mediante un estudio cualitativo buscamos conocer cómo se manifiestan estas tensiones para un grupo de migrantes y los modos en que las enfrentan. Los resultados confirman la presencia de vulnerabilidad habitacional temprana, racismo y discriminación, mientras que los principales soportes a los que recurren son el proyecto migratorio, junto con el repliegue en el espacio doméstico y “soportar” la discriminación.
Extension of the distribution of Townsend’s Big-eared Bat, Corynorhinus townsendii (Cooper, 1837) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), to Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: López-Cuamatzi Issachar L. , Hortelano-Moncada Yolanda , Ortega Jorge , Ospina-Garcés Sandra M. , Zúñiga Gerardo , Mac Swiney G. M. Cristina
Published: April 2022

We report the first record of Townsend’s Big-eared Bat, Corynorhinus townsendii (Cooper, 1837) from Chiapas, Mexico, based on three females collected on 29 September 1979 near Ocozocoautla de Espinosa and stored in the Colección Nacional de Mamíferos of the Instituto de Biología at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. The Chiapas locality is ~180 km east of the closest previously known occurrence in Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. This extends the distribution of C. townsendii through tropical areas of southeastern Mexico and corroborates the capacity of this species to inhabit a diversity of ecosystems.
First faunal record of larval and juvenile gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiiformes) in the Ka Long estuary, northern Vietnam
Authors: Thuy Ta Thi , My Nguyen Ha , Hau Tran Duc
Published: April 2022

Gobies are dominant in terms of both species diversity and abundance in estuarine habitats, but little is known about their early developmental stages in the coastal waters of Vietnam. To examine species diversity of goby larvae and juveniles, monthly collections were carried out using a small seine net from the Ka Long estuary in the northernmost Vietnamese coast, from September 2014 to August 2015. A total of 1,334 goby fishes of 20 species or more in three families (Butidae, Oxudercidae and Gobiidae) were caught, including nine unidentified species. This is the first record of gobies at early developmental stages from an estuary in Vietnam. The family Oxudercidae was the most abundant in terms of total species, and Gobiopterus chuno was the most frequent species in the study area. The goby specimens collected were mostly postflexion larvae and juveniles, ranging from 2.3 mm to 99.1 mm in body length. The size of nine dominant gobies was around 10 mm body length. In the study site, goby fishes are from tropical, subtropical and temperate zones, suggesting this goby fauna can display transitional biodiversity from tropical to temperate waters.
Optimization of cultural conditions for omega 3-6 fatty acids and carotenoids production by \(\textit{ Schizochytrium mangrovei}\) TB17
Authors: Thom Le Thi , Ha Nguyen Cam , Hong Dang Diem
Published: April 2022

Heterotrophic marine microalgae Thraustochytrids are commonly found in marine environments, sediments, and decaying mangrove leaves. Their ability to produce high-value products such as docosahexaenoic fatty acids (DHA, C22:6 ω-3), carotenoids, and sterols has gained increasing attention. The products are widely applied in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. In this paper, results on the effect of culture medium on fatty acid composition and pigment content as carotenoid and astaxanthin of Schizochytrium mangrovei TB17 strain biomass were presented. The optimal growth conditions of strain TB17 in the flask were determined including the temperature of 28 oC, the salt concentration of 15‰, glucose as carbon source with the concentration of 3%, yeast extract as nitrogen source with the concentration of 1%. Dry cell weight (DCW) and lipid content of strain TB17 reached highest values of 12.61 ± 0.16 g/L; 34.17 ± 1.92% DCW, respectively, after 120 hours of culture. The content of DHA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5 ω-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 ω-3) in biomass accounted for 36.66 ± 1.63%; 11.73 ± 1.14% and 0.48 ± 0.01% of total fatty acid (TFA), respectively. The content of total carotenoid and astaxanthin reached 35.86 ± 1.52 µg/g and 7.18 ± 0.21 µg/g DCW after 120 hours of culture. Therefore, the obtained biomass of strain TB17 was sufficient to meet the demand for the production of DHA, DPA, EPA fatty acids as well as the extraction of carotenoids, especially astaxanthin for functional food and other biotechnological applications.
CityGML model generation using parametric interpolations
Authors: Malhotra Avichal , Raming Simon , Schildt Maximilian , Frisch Jérôme , van Treeck Christoph
Published: April 2022

With an upsurge in energy demand throughout the globe, efficient energy simulations and smart energy-management solutions are imperative. Often a lack of substantial three-dimensional geometrical data restricts simulation scientists and urban planners to analyse energy demand patterns on a city scale. Therefore, in this paper, the authors describe the open-source City Geographical Markup Language (CityGML) Building Interpolation Tool (CityBIT) for the creation of user-defined and interpolated CityGML LoD2 building models for planned and/or existing buildings. CityBIT can be used to generate CityGML models with different roof types, orientations and elevations. A brief explanation of the functionalities of the tool and the methodologies adapted to develop the tool is provided in this paper. CityBIT aims to facilitate CityGML geometric model development focusing on urban energy performance simulations.
Seferîlik Hükümleri Açısından Vatan Çeşitleri
Authors: ERDEM Abdullah
Published: April 2022

İslam dini bütün konularda olduğu gibi yolculuğa çıkan kişiler için de birçok kolaylıklar sağlamıştır. Yolcular için sağlanan kolaylıklar diğer birçok meselede olduğu gibi fıkıh kitaplarımızda ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlatılmıştır. Bu kolaylıklar; dört rekâtlı namazların iki rekât olarak kılınması, ramazan ayında yolculuk yapılması halinde oruçların kazaya bırakılması, cuma ve bayram namazlarının vücûbiyetinin düşmesi, mestler üzerine mesh etme süresinin üç gün üç geceye çıkması ve memleketinde parası olsa bile ihtiyaç hâsıl olması halinde yolcunun zekât alabilmesi şeklinde özetlenebilir.

Bu kolaylıkların terettüp edebilmesi için yolculuğa çıkılacak yerin ve gidilecek yerin hangi şartları barındırması gerektiği bilinmelidir. Hanefîler genelde bir kişinin ikâmet ettiği yeri vatan-ı aslî ve vatan-ı ikâmet olarak belirlemiş ve seferîlik hükümlerinin bu iki yerden ayrılmak suretiyle tahakkuk edeceğini belirtmişlerdir. Diğer mezhep âlimleri de seferîliğin ikamet mahallinden çıkmakla terettüp edeceğini söylemektedirler. Ancak ikamete niyet etmenin gerekmesi veya gerekmemesi veya ikamet süresinin belli bir süreden kısa olması ve uzun olması gibi durumlarda iki mahallin birbirinden farklı hükümler içerdiği göz önünde bulundurulursa Hanefîlerin yaptığı taksimatın daha içinden çıkılabilir olduğu anlaşılır. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda Hanefîlere göre vatan çeşitleri işlenecek ve yeri geldikçe de diğer mezheplerin görüşlerine yer verilecektir.

İslam hukuku eserlerinde vatan çeşitleri genelde misafirin namazı başlığı altında işlenmiştir. Hanefîler namazların kısaltılıp kısaltılmaması açısından üç farklı mekân çeşidinden bahsetmişler; Maliki, Şâfiî ve Hanbeli mezhepleri ise daha çok namazın kısaltılabileceği ve kısaltılamayacağı yer şeklinde bir ayırıma gitmişler ve seferîlik konularını bu iki mekâna göre işlemişlerdir. Bununla birlikte Mâlikî, Şâfiî ve Hanbelîlere göre yolcunun namazı kısaltması daha faziletli olmakla birlikte bu zorunlu değildir. Hanefîlere göre ise yolculuk halinde namazların kısaltılması zorunludur. Bu sebeple nerelerde namazın kısaltılması gerektiği, nerelerde gerekmediği hususunu netleştirmek için vatan çeşitlerini bilmek önem arz etmektedir.
Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy May Promote Cancer Growth Speeds and Shorten Patient Lives
Authors: Jianqing Wu , Ping Zha
Published: April 2022

Medicine fails to find predictable cures for cancer in more than a century, and we explored the feasibility of controlling cancer growth speed by using lifestyle factors. After conducting an extensive literature review, we conducted simulations for cancer growth courses to see the feasibility of controlling cancer growth speeds. We found that (1) medical treatments are often accompanied by three to four lethal factors: treatment side-effects, emotional distress, and chronic stress, reduced exercises and physical inactivity, and excessive nutrition in some cases; (2) clinical trial exaggerates treatments short-term benefits and underestimates the slow-delivering adverse side effects as a result of statistical averaging, interfering effects of personal lifestyle factors and insufficient follow-up times; (3) the benefits of medical treatments are limited by chain comparisons, where surgery may work as a negative standard relative to the best alternatives for resolving cancer; (4) the strategy of destroying the tumor or killing all cancer cells is unworkable; (5) medical treatments can turn natural cancer growth curve into approximately doubly exponential curve; (6) multiple-factor non-medical measures are potentially much more powerful than medical treatments in controlling cancer growth and metastasis speeds; and (7) cancer early diagnosis and over treatments are unwise strategies in light of discoveries. Based on huge increases in cancer growth rate constants, substantial loss of vital organ functional capacity, and severe systemic aging-like cellular damages, we concluded that medical treatments may promote cancer growth and metastasis speeds and shorten patient lives in most situations, and the claimed benefits are caused by triple biases of clinical trials. By using the same method to explore how several lifestyle factors affect cancer growth rates, we concluded that the better strategy for ending the global cancer epidemic in the future is changing caner treatment strategy from killing cancer cells to slowing down cancer growth rates by using various lifestyle factors in combination. This study in part explains why cancer can self-resolve.
The SIMUS method addresses two important MCDM drawbacks: Getting different results for the same problem, and the inability to model complex scenarios
Authors: Nolberto Munier
Published: April 2022

This paper considers that actual methods for addressing MODM or MCDM scenarios share two shortcomings along these lines: a) Failing to show equal results when different MCDM methods solve the same problem. b) Inability to replicate actual scenarios, by not taking into account existing conditions, and thus, producing an approximate representation of reality, which obviously, renders not reliable results. This paper shows how the SIMUS method addresses these two shortcomings.
[RETRACTED] prGrownmd CBD Gummies Reviews How To Use? v1
Authors: not provided grownmdgummiesreviews
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

"untitled prGrownmd CBD Gummies Reviews How To Use?
Low cost methods for Hydra care v2
Authors: Hyland Callen , DeSantis Jennifer
Published: April 2022

Hydra is genus of freshwater cnidarian polyp found in lakes, ponds, and streams all over the world. Its remarkable ability to regenerate missing body parts, and even its whole body from fragments, has made Hydra a model system for regeneration and development for over 250 years. Despite their anatomical simplicity, much about Hydra’s basic biology and extraordinary regeneration caption remains mysterious. The simplicity of caring for and doing experiments on Hydra makes it an accessible subject for undergraduate research, high school lab activities, or even a home hobbyist. This collection of protocols describes low-cost methods for maintaining Hydra cultures, including step-by-step instructions for preparing media, growing brine shrimp for feeding to Hydra, and caring for your Hydra colonies. We’ve focused on equipment that can be found in most high school and college labs, or consumer products that can be purchased online. Experiments on Hydra can be incredibly simple. Much can be learned from dissecting a Hydra and observing its regeneration. Hydra’s response to varying environmental conditions can also be explored in a classroom setting with minimal resources. These simple experiments can be a bridge to cutting-edge molecular biology and stem cell research. Sequencing of the Hydra genome has opened the door for genetic manipulations and large-scale bioinformatics studies. Transgenic lines with fluorescently-labeled cell types and proteins, including neuron and muscle activity reporters, are available. References: Contents: 1: Storing brine shrimp cysts 2: Brine shrimp hatching medium 3: Hatch brine shrimp 4: Prepare stock solutions 5: Prepare Hydra medium 6: Harvest brine shrimp 7: Feed Hydra 8: Routine Hydra tank cleaning 9: Full cleaning of Hydra tanks 10: Monitor Hydra health 11: Emergency antibiotic treatment
E-UKBM MODEL EKSPERIENTAL JELAJAH ALAM SEKITAR (EJAS) PADA MATERI PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Wardhani Yayang Setya , Al Muhdhar Mimien Henie Irawati , Prasetyo Triastono Imam , Sumberartha I Wayan
Published: April 2022

Abstrak. Penelitian pengembangan dengan judul E-UKBM Model Eksperiental Jelajah Alam Sekitar (EJAS) Pada Materi Perubahan Lingkungan telah dilakukan pada bulan September 2019 sampai Maret 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menguji kevalidan serta kepraktisan E-UKBM model Eksperiental Jelajah Alam Sekitar (EJAS) pada materi perubahan lingkungan. Produk E-UKBM yang dikembangkan dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah Model Eksperiental Jelajah Alam Sekitar (EJAS). Subjek penelitian adalah 35 siswa kelas X MIPA B-2 SMAN 3 Malang. Hasil implementasi berupa data hasil validasi validator ahli dan data angket respon siswa sebagai pengguna E-UKBM. Hasil validasi E-UKBM oleh ahli media sebesar  97 persen (sangat valid), hasil validasi oleh ahli materi berupa hasil validasi butir soal dan komponen materi E-UKBM sebesar 100 persen (sangat valid). Hasil validasi oleh ahli perangkat pembelajaran dan praktisi lapangan berturut-turut menunjukkan bahwa E-UKBM sangat valid dengan persentase sebesar 97 persen dan 95 persen. Data kepraktisan setelah implementasi E-UKBM yakni sebesar 88 persen yang berarti sangat praktis untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran. E-UKBM model Eksperiental Jelajah Alam Sekitar (EJAS) materi perubahan lingkungan yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi syarat kevalidan dan kepraktisan untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran Biologi.Abstract. Development research with the title E-UKBM Experiential Model Exploration of the Environment (EJAS) on Environmental Change Materials has been carried out from September 2019 to March 2020. This study aims to (1) Test the validity and practicality of the E-UKBM Experiential Nature Exploration Model (EJAS). ) on the material of environmental change. E-UKBM product developed with the ADDIE development model. The learning model used is the Environmental Exploration Experimental Model (EJAS). The research subjects were 35 students of class X MIPA B-2 SMAN 3 Malang. The implementation results are in the form of expert validator validation data and student response questionnaire data as E-UKBM users. The results of the validation of E-UKBM by media experts are 97 percent (very valid), the results of validation by material experts in the form of validation results of questions and components of E-UKBM material are 100 percent (very valid). The results of validation by learning device experts and field practitioners respectively show that the E-UKBM is very valid with a percentage of 97 percent and 95 percent. The practicality data after the implementation of E-UKBM is 88 percent which means it is very practical to use in learning. The E-UKBM Experiential Exploration of the Environment (EJAS) model of environmental change material developed has met the validity and practicality requirements for use in Biology learning.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING YANG DI INTERVENSI TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN KOMUNIKASI PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Lufri Lufri , Elmanazifa Sintia , Anhar Azwir
Published: April 2022

Abstrak. Keterampilan komunikasi perlu dikembangkan dalam proses pembelajran. Namun, proses pembelajaran di sekolah belum menerapkan model pembelajaran yang mengembangkan keterampilan komunikasi peserta didik. Pembelajaran di sekolah masih dominan berpusat pada guru, masih kurang pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi (TI), tidak aktif, dan kurang minat belajar dikelas. Untuk mengatasi masalah yang dikemukakan tersebut adalah menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning(PBL) yang diintervensi TI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa rubrik untuk menilai komunikasi yang telah divalidasi oleh pakar. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji Anova dua arah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran PBL yang diintervensi teknologi informasi terhadap keterampilan komunikasi peserta didik dengan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 64,27 persen dan kelas kontrol 57,70 persen.Abstract. Communication skills need to be developed in the learning process. However, the learning process in schools has not yet fully implemented a learning model that develops students' communication skills. Learning in schools is still dominantly teacher-centered, there is still a lack of use of Information Technology (IT), not active, and lack of interest in learning in class. To overcome the problems raised by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model with IT intervention. This study aims to improve the communication skills of students. The instrument used is a rubric to assess communication that has been validated by experts. Analysis of the data used is a two-way ANOVA test. The results of this study indicate that the communication skills of students in the experimental class (64.27 percent) are significantly higher than the control class (57.70 percent). It can be concluded that problem-based learning that is intervened by information technology has a positive effect on students' communication skills.
ANDROBIOCATION BERBASIS SCIENCE, ENVIRONMENT, TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY, ISLAMIC INTEGRATION DAN HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL) PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Authors: Ulfaa Irma , Hidayat Saifullah , Anggis Eka Vasia
Published: April 2022

Abstrak. Tujuan dari pengembangan ini adalah untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran androbiocation berbasis SETSI (Science, Environment, Technology, Society dan Islamic integrated) dan HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) pada materi sistem koordinasi dan menguji kelayakan androbiocation yang telah dikembangkan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran androbiocation adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE yaitu (Analyze, Design, Development, Implemetation dan Evaluation) yang dikembangkan oleh Robert M. Branch pada tahun 1975. pada penelitian ini menggunakan evaluasi formatif yaitu hasil penilaian terhadap media yang dilakukan setiap tahapnya sehingga dapat mengetahui kualitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran androbiocation yang dibuat sangat layak dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran. Penilaian media didasarkan para ahli dan peserta didik yakni ahli materi 85 persen (sangat layak) , ahli media 91 persen (sangat layak), ahli integrasi 100 persen (sangat layak), dan guru biologi 93 persen (sangat layak), serta terakhir peserta didik kelas XI SMA mendapat presentase 90 persen (sangat layak).Abstract. The purpose of this development is to develop androbiocation learning media based on SETSI (Science, Environment, Technology, Society and Islamic integrated) and HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) in the coordination system material and test the feasibility of androbiocation that has been developed. The method used to develop androbiocation learning media is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) which was developed by Robert M. Branch in 1975. In this study using formative evaluation, namely the results of the assessment of the media carried out at each stage so that they can know the quality. The results showed that the androbiocation learning media that was made was very suitable to be used as a learning medium. Media assessment is based on experts and students, namely material experts 85 percent (very decent), media experts 91 percent (very decent), integration experts 100 percent (very decent), and biology teachers 93 percent (very decent), and finally students’ class XI SMA gets a percentage of 90 percent (very decent).
La Cultura Organizacional y el Género del Gerente en las Pymes de Cali-Colombia
Authors: García-Solarte Mónica , Azuero Rodriguez Andres Ramiro , Pérez Libreros Alex Fernando
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se estudia la relación entre la Cultura Organizacional y el género del gerente de las empresas pequeñas y medianas de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). Se realizó una encuesta a 364 gerentes de empresas de diferentes sectores económicos. Siguiendo el método Cameron-Quinn se elaboran índices de los tipos de Cultura Organizacional: Clan, Adhocrática, Mercado y Jerárquica. Además, se elaboran índices a partir del método de componentes principales como forma alternativa de elaborar los índices de tipos de cultura. Se realiza un análisis de regresión entre los índices obtenidos y el género del gerente, controlando diversas características de las empresas. Se encontró que las empresas dirigidas por mujeres tienden a estar menos de acuerdo con las prácticas y valores de la Cultura Jerárquica que las empresas dirigidas por hombres. Para los otros 3 tipos de Cultura Organizacional no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las empresas dirigidas por hombres y mujeres.
El plebiscito de 1957 en Colombia. El pacto de élites y su refrendación popular
Authors: Duque Daza Javier
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza el régimen de coalición del Frente Nacional en Colombia y su legitimación popular a través del plebiscito de 1957. El objetivo es reconstruir el proceso que condujo a la reforma institucional y las características centrales del plebiscito. El argumento incluye dos enunciados. Por una parte, los actores centrales del proceso fueron partidos de élites que, pese a sus divisiones y confrontaciones históricas, se unieron para defender sus posiciones de poder frente al propósito de Gustavo Rojas Pinilla de permanecer en la presidencia y superar la extendida violencia que afectaba al país. Por otra parte, el plebiscito fue pensado como un medio de legitimación social de las decisiones de las élites y la movilización en su respaldo fue bastante exitosa, aunque su contenido imponía severas limitaciones al régimen democrático. Se trata de un análisis de una coyuntura histórica basado en análisis documental y de estadísticas electorales cuyas fuentes son archivos de los periódicos, las estadísticas oficiales y la bibliografía complementaria.
Evaluating bacterial resistance to antimicrobials in isolated bacteria from food contact surfaces
Authors: Caro-Hernández Paola Andrea , Orozco-Mera Juan Camilo , Castaño-Henao Olga Lucia , Quimbaya-Gómez Mauricio Alberto
Published: April 2022

Bacteria isolated from food contact surfaces, can transfer resistance factors when exposed to pressure exerted by inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate bacterial resistance against antibiotics and disinfectants commonly used (NaOCl and CH3COOH) in bacteria isolated from food contact surfaces. Additionally, using PCR, the presence of tetracycline resistance genes was evaluated. Results showed that 47% of the isolates exhibit resistance against more than one antibiotic, being Tetracycline the antibiotic that most isolates were resistant to (35.3%). A PCR analysis found that the tet M gene is the most frequent of the genes tested. Likewise, it was evidenced that although NaOCl is effective as a surface disinfectant, Aerococcus urinae and Kocuria kristinae isolates could resist up to 10 min of exposure. Likewise, all isolates were resistant to CH3COOH, demonstrating the low inhibitory capacity of this disinfectant. Finally, the observed correlation between resistance to antibiotics and resistance to disinfectants is confirmed. An important factor that should be studied since the generalized use of disinfectants can increase the spectrum of antibiotic resistance.
Componentes socioculturales y ambientales que inciden en el ecoturismo comunitario
Authors: Vargas-Losada Heriberto Fernando , López de Parra Lillyam , Balanta-Martínez Victor Julio
Published: April 2022

El ecoturismo tiene crecimiento constante en el mundo por el favorecimiento económico, conservación y protección del ambiente.  El objetivo del artículo es analizar los componentes socioculturales y ambientales que inciden en el ecoturismo comunitario.  Se realizó una exploración documental a partir de artículos, libros y capítulos de libro de la base de datos de citaciones y resúmenes Scopus, mediante la búsqueda de categorías: ecoturismo, relaciones y elementos.  El periodo de consulta fue entre los años 2015 al 2021.  Solo se consideraron los trabajos publicados en inglés, español y portugués, la muestra final fue de 98 documentos.  Los resultados exponen las tendencias actuales de las investigaciones en ecoturismo comunitario: sus impactos positivos y negativos, elementos socioculturales en capital cultural y condiciones y estilos de vida; ambientales como capacidad de carga y educación ambiental; las relaciones con las políticas, tendencias de los lugares de producción como China y Malasia, y la tecnología implementada en servicios y productos.  En conclusión, el ecoturismo es heterogéneo, busca equilibrio entre lo económico, ambiental y cultural. La participación comunitaria, gestión y planeación, educación ambiental, políticas de apoyo y TIC son esenciales.