bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Büyük Anlatıda Zaman İçindeki Değişimden Kültür ve Mekâna Neo-Marxizm
Authors: ÖZTAŞ Fatih
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı zamanın felsefesinden, tarih incelemelerinden, sosyal bilimlerinden ve şartlarından önemli derece etkilendiği düşünülen Marx’ın fikirlerinin daha sonraki Marxist teorilere ilham olması yönüyle tartışarak büyük anlatı açısından Marx’ı takip eden Neo-Marxist kuram/ları kültür ve mekân çözümlemeleri özelinde ele almaktır. Toplumsal eylemin genel karakteristikleri ve toplumsal sistemlerin tarihsel çeşitleriyle ilgilenen Max, her türlü toplumsal görüngüyü toplumla doğa arasındaki (tarihsel olarak değişen) ilişki ekseninde ele almaktadır. Toplumlar sosyal sınıfın devrimci özneliğinde, farklı toplum türlerine dönüşürken uzlaştırılamaz değişim dinamiklerini de içerisinde barındırırlar. Bu değişime neden olması açısıyla diyalektik ilişkinin, kendi mecrasında ilerleyen kapitalizmin belli bir doygunluktan sonra işçi devrimine sebep olabilmesi için bilince yaptığı vurgu Marx’ın teorisini ekonomik indirgemecilikten (direk yaşamın maddi üretimine odaklansa da) uzaklaştırmaktadır. Marx’ın teorisini Neo-Marxisme dönüştüren dinamikler içerisinde toplum çözümlemelerinde diyalektik ilişkinin korunması gerektiği, bilincin bu teoride ihmal edilemeyeceği, değişen şart ve zamanla birlikte üst yapı unsurlarının daha belirleyici hale geldiği hatta aralarındaki farkın kaybolduğu ve özellikle de bu kuramın neticede eleştiri teorisi olduğu gibi bir dizi Marx’ı yorumlayan ve zaman zaman da onu aşan görüşler gösterilebilir. Konunun sınırlılığı içerisinde Mark’tan Neo-Marxisme büyük anlatının değişimi ele alınırken eleştirel teorinin kültür çözümlemeleriyle Neo-Marxçı mekân analizleri ayrıca ele alınmıştır. Tarihsel bir çözümleme yaparken amaç ayrıca kültür ve mekânın da öne çıkarılmasında Neo-Marksizmin umutsuzlukla umut arasında değişen toplum çözümlemelerinin boyutunu da ortaya çıkarmaktır. Literatür taramasına dayanan bu çalışmada Neo-Marxist teorinin Marxismden ilhamla eleştirel değişim okumaları sosyoloji bağlamında belli başlı kategorilerde irdelenmiştir. Neticede Marxın kuramının öngörülerini aşan ileri kapitalist toplumların eleştirel çözümlemelerinde Neo-Marxist kuramların belirleyiciliği görülmektedir. Yeni toplum çözümlemelerinde de Neo-Marxist teorinin sağlayacağı verilerin olanı anlamada katkı sağlayacağı umulmaktadır.
Yenilikçi Okul ile Yöneticilerin Demokratik Liderlik Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: AKYÜREK Muhammet İbrahim
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yenilikçi okul ile yöneticilerin demokratik liderlik özellikleri arasındaki ilişki düzeyini belirlemektir. Bu çalışma, betimsel nitelikte ilişkisel tarama modelindedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında Ankara il merkezi ilçelerindeki resmi okullarda görevli toplam 328 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, yenilikçi okul ölçeği ve demokratik liderlik ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin, yenilikçi okul okul yöneticilerinin demokratik liderlik özellikleri düzeyine ilişkin algılarının çoğunlukla düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yenilikçi okul özellikleri ile yöneticilerin demokratik liderlik özellikleri arasında yüksek düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yenilikçi okul ve ilişkili olan demokratik liderlik özelliklerinden tüm okul paydaşlarının eğitim etkinliklerinde ve hayatında kullanılması amacıyla tüm okul paydaşları arasında işbirlikçi uygulamalar gerçekleştirilebilir.
Türk Kamu Yönetiminde İç Denetim Faaliyeti Sonucu Ulaşılan Bulguların İç Denetim Raporunda Yer Alıp Almaması Sorunu
Authors: EKMEKÇİ Mehmet
Published: April 2022

İç Denetim Koordinasyon Kurulu tarafından yayımlanan ve iç denetçiler için rehber niteliği taşıyan Kamu İç Denetim Rehberinde yer alan hükme göre, iç denetim faaliyeti sırasında ulaşılan bulguların iç denetim raporunda yer alıp almaması hususunun üst yöneticinin takdirine bırakılması, görevlerini her türlü müdahaleden uzak, serbest ve uluslararası standartlara uygun şekilde yapması gereken iç denetçiler için iç denetim raporlarına müdahale anlamı taşımakta dolayısıyla bu durum sorun teşkil etmektedir.
Bu çalışmada öncelikle; denetim ve iç denetim kavramlarının, anlamı, amacı, ilkeleri, işleyişi ve kapsamı ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra ise 5018 sayılı Kamu Mali Yönetimi ve Kontrol Kanunu kapsamında iç denetim raporlarının özellikleri, üst yönetici iç denetçi ilişkileri ve iç denetçi ile üst yönetimin yaptırım gücü incelenmiştir. Son olarak 5018 sayılı Kanun kapsamında gerçekleştirilen iç denetim faaliyeti sonucu elde edilen bulguların iç denetim raporunda yer alıp almaması sorunu tartışılmış ve çözüm önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Girişlerinin Ev Sahibi Ülke İhracatı Üzerine Etkilerinin Teorik Alt Yapısına İlişkin Bir İnceleme
Authors: UĞUR Burak , TAŞ Seyhan
Published: April 2022

Doğrudan yabancı yatırım ve dış ticaretin önemli bir kısmı çok uluslu şirketler tarafından yapılmaktadır. Çok uluslu şirketler, ev sahibi ülkelerin ihracatını; sermaye, teknoloji, yönetim bilgisi, know how ve özellikle ana ülke piyasaları olmak üzere bölgesel ve küresel piyasalara erişimi sağlayarak genişletmektedir. Doğrudan yabancı yatırım aracılığıyla ihracatın artması hükümetlerin doğrudan yatırım çekme istekleri arasında en önemli nedenlerden biridir. Çok uluslu şirketler, yerel piyasada kurdukları fabrikada üretilen mal ve hizmetlerin ihracatının yanında yerel firmaların da ihracatlarını artmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu şirketler, yerel tedarikçiler ve müşteriyle ihracata yönelik önemli bilgileri paylaşma eğilimindedir. Ayrıca rakip yerel firmalar da gözlem/taklit ya da emeğin hareketliliği yoluyla bu bilgilerin bir kısmına erişebilmektedir. Böylece yerel firmalar çok uluslu şirketlerin dış piyasalar konusundaki deneyimlerinden, satış, dağıtım ve pazarlama kanallarından yararlanarak ihracatlarını artırabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin ihracat üzerinde hangi yollarla etkili olduğu doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ihracat üzerine etkilerine ilişkin teorik alt yapı (Uçan Kazlar Modeli, Ürünün Yaşam Evreleri Teorisi ve Yeni Büyüme Teorileri) kapsamında ele alınmıştır.
Korelasi Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif dan Masa Studi dengan Uji Kompetensi Perawat
Authors: Jarman Jarman , Tahir Takdir , Syahrul Syahrul , Arafat Rosyidah , Nurmaulid Nurmaulid
Published: April 2022

Nursing competency test is a process that must be passed by nursing students to measure the suitability between knowledge, skills and student behavior against competency standards of graduates who meet work competency standards. Only students who pass the competency test are able to enter health services. Passing competency test is certainly influenced by various aspects, some of them are GPA and study period. Both of these things are an important role in the teaching and learning process that a student goes through. GPA is an indicator to assess learning achievement and the length of study is the time taken by the student to complete his studies. However, recently there has been an assumption among students that a high GPA does not guarantee in passing competency test and a prolonged study period does not prevent students from first passing the competency test, therefore researchers are interested in seeing the correlation of the two things. Objective The aim of the reasearch was to determine the correlation between Grade Point Average (GPA) and the period of study toward passing the Nursing Competency Test in Nursing Departement of the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health in Mamuju. Method This research is an analytic study with cross sectional design using secondary data. This research used total sampling with a sample size of 138. The Result showed that GPA had p<0,001 with correlation r= 0,908 and the study period had p<0,001 with correlation r=0,291. The Conclusion of the research is GPA had positive corelation very strong and the study period also had positive corelation but poor corelation.
Perbedaan Efektifitas Terapi Rebusan Daun Kelor dan Jus Apel terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah pada Penderita DM Tipe 2
Authors: Risnawati Risnawati , Demmalewa Jenny Qlifianti
Published: April 2022

The WHO in 2018 in the world has recorded that there are 422 million people suffering from diabetes mellitus or an increase of 8.5% of the adult population and also according to estimates there are deaths before the age of 70 years with a total of about 2.2 million. especially in countries with low and middle economic status. It is estimated that this will continue to grow until the year 2035, the number will reach around 600 million people. Controlling blood sugar levels with non-pharmacological therapy is generally safer. Lowering blood sugar levels can be done with non-formacological efforts in the form of consuming boiled Moringa leaves and apple juice by people with type II diabetes mellitus. Flavonoid compounds in the form of terpenoids contained in Moringa leaves are so effective and safe for lowering blood sugar. Apples contain large amounts of fiber. The entry of glucose into the bloodstream through the digestion of carbohydrates can be slowed by soluble fiber. To control glucose in people with diabetes mellitus this is very useful. It takes 120 – 180 minutes to process the fiber in apples so that it can lower glucose levels at that time. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the effectiveness of Moringa leaf decoction with apple juice in patients with type II diabetes mellitus on their blood sugar levels. The nature of this research is quantitative, using pre experimental design method through one group pre-test post-test design. The results of the paired t-test on respondents who were given Moringa leaf boiled water showed a p value = 0.001 which means that the correlation of blood sugar levels in the administration of Moringa leaf stew both before and after there was a significant difference in patients with type II DM and the results of the paired t-test the respondents who were given apple juice showed a p value = 0.116 which means the correlation of blood sugar levels in the administration of apple juice both before and after in patients with type II DM there was no significant difference. The conclusion of this study showed that boiled water of Moringa leaves was more effective in lowering blood sugar levels in type II DM patients.
High annual survival suggested by size structure of Kemp’s ridley sea turtles captured by coastal research trawling in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean since 1990
Authors: Arendt MD , Webster RP , Schwenter JA
Published: May 2022

Abundance of Kemp’s ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii Garman, 1880 in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA) is far less than in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), but encounters of this species in the NWA have increased in recent decades. Consequently, improved opportunity exists to evaluate population structure, which is of particular interest given suggestions of renewed decline in annual survival rates in the GOM. Here we use size structure for Kemp’s ridley sea turtles captured (n = 617) by research trawling in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) to assess survival since 1990 following age assignment using recently published size-at-age keys. With limited exception, the ratio of older (≥age 10) to younger (ages 1 to 9) sea turtles captured randomly was overwhelmingly stable and best aligned with high (≥0.9) annual neritic survival in theoretical models with fixed annual hatchling (H) recruitment. When annual H recruitment reflected exponential increase in H production since 1985, following low and generally stable production between 1966 and 1984, reduced H emigration proportion from the GOM to NWA and further increase in annual neritic survival were required to achieve the size/age structure reported for in-water data. Stepwise regression using monthly values for 5 climate indices simulated (adj. r2 = 0.77) proportionate annual H decline, which better explained observed survey size/age structure than climate-based prediction (adj. r2 = 1.00) of published particle emigration rates. Temporal decline in proportionate H recruitment to the NWA should increase retention of juveniles in the GOM to further enhance multi-generational population rebuilding.
GENEL BİR BAKIŞ AÇISIYLA KURUMSAL YÖNETİM ANLAYIŞI
Authors: PERKTAŞ Erkan
Published: April 2022

Küresel ölçekte ortaya çıkan ekonomik krizler ile şirket düzeyinde yaşanan iflaslar, firmaların gerek idari yönden gerekse de mali yönden daha etkin bir biçimde yönetilmelerini zorunlu kılmıştır. Küreselleşme ile birlikte giderek artan rekabetçi yapı da bu durumun gerekliliğini iyice arttırmıştır. Böyle bir ortamda şirketlerin varlıklarını devam ettirebilmesi için kullanılabilecek en iyi yönetsel araç ise kurumsal yönetim anlayışıdır. Kurumsal yönetim, işletmenin stratejik yönetim kademesi ve şirketi yönetmekle sorumlu tepe yönetimin, sorumluluklarını yerine getirirken hisse sahipleri, şirket personeli, tedarikçiler, müşteriler ve toplumun diğer kurumlarıyla kurduğu ilişkileri kapsayan bir yönetim anlayışıdır. Kurumsal yönetim anlayışının genel bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirildiği bu çalışmada, öncelikle kurumsal yönetim anlayışının tanımı verilmiş, arkasından önemi, amaçları, temel ilkeleri ve faydalarından bahsedildikten sonra kurumsal yönetimin teorileri açıklanmıştır. Çalışmada son olarak ise kurumsal yönetim uygulamalarının ülkemizdeki gelişim sürecinden bahsedilmiştir.
ÇEVİK ÜRETİM YAKLAŞIMININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİLERİ – OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜ ANALİZİ
Authors: AKPİNARLI Serhat , APAK Sinan
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada çeviklik yeteneklerinin işletme performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli benimsenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, otomotiv sektöründeki işletmelerden amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 364 yönetici oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplamak maksadıyla kullanılan ankеt fοrmunda ԁеmοgrаfіk ѕοruӏаr, Çevik Üretim Yetenekleri Öӏçеğі ve İşletme Performansı Öӏçеğі ƅuӏunmаktаԁır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS v26 ve AMOS v20 yazılımları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında geçerlilik analizi, güvenilirlik analizi, tanımlayıcı istatistiksel analizler, korelasyon analizi ve Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda çeviklik yeteneğinin işletme performansı üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çeviklik yetenekleri boyutlarının etkileri incelendiğinde ise işletme performansı üzerinde cevap verme, yetkinlik ve hızın olumlu yönde ve anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu, esnekliğin ise anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çeviklik yeteneğinin işletme performansı üzerinde çok büyük etkisinin olduğu ve hızın bu ilişkideki en önemli bileşen olduğu, ancak çevikliği oluşturan diğer faktörlerin de göz ardı edilmemesi gerektiği ve işletmelerin çevik nitelik kazanarak bunu sürdürmesinin önem arz ettiği değerlendirilmektedir.
Diversity and Abundance of Insect Pollinators in Orchards and Agricultural Ecosystems in Paharpani Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Deeksha Arya , Deepika Goswami , Rekha  , Manisha Bisht , Geetika Arya , B. Raj Kaushal
Published: April 2022

Insect pollinators are important keys to success of the agro-ecosystems. This research aims to study diversity and abundance of insect pollinators in orchards and agricultural land uses. Study was carried out from March 2019 to February 2020 to explore the diversity of insect pollinators. Insect flower visitors/pollinators were recorded from 07.00 to 17.00 h. A total of 460 individuals belonging to 35 insect species and 5 orders viz. Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera were collected from the study sites. The highest diversity of pollinators was (H'=2.24), Evenness (E=0.76; highest value is 1), margalef’s Richness Index (d= 4.25), and Dominance Index (D=0.94). Higher foraging activities of insect pollinators occurred in the morning and afternoon. The present study focused on identifying pollinator species in orchards and agricultural ecosystems, and is expected to provide baseline information to plan future research in the field of pollination
Impact of Heavy Rain and Flood on Ichthyofaunal Diversity and Distribution Pattern in River Network of Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand State, India
Authors: Mamta Joshi , N. N. Pandey , H. C. S. Bisht
Published: April 2022

In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the ichthyofaunal diversity in the rivers and streams of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand state with main focus on impact of natural calamity such as heavy rain and flood. The estimated total length of major river network in Kumaon region is 1626.2 km including streams, tributaries and rivulets, which support occurrence of 31 fish species. The data of Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) indicated decrease in main river courses, but richness in their tributaries after flood. In main river courses, the CPUE was decreased as 0.03 kg/h to 0.32 kg/h from 0.12 kg/h to 1.28 kg/h due to heavy rain and flood condition during the month of September, 2021, while it was increased in side tributaries of these rivers as 1.84 kg/h to 3.12 kg/h from 1.14 kg/h to 2.30 kg/h after the flood. Tributaries are shelters and protected areas to the local migratory fish species during natural calamity and high turbidity in the main river course. These resources are important for ichthyofaunal diversity and sustainability of aquatic ecosystem.
Histopathological Alterations in Gills of Neotropical Fish Cheirodon interruptus in an Environment Influenced by a Wood Treatment Plant
Authors: Fábio Flores-Lopes , Carolyne S. Santos , R. de OliveiraRafaela
Published: April 2022

The gill epithelium has an important role in maintenance of ionic and osmotic balance of fish a getting as response to physiological and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pathological alterations in the gills of the fish Cheirodon interruptus collected in the municipality of Triunfo – RS, in two consecutive years (2008 and 2009) from one point located inside the area of a wood treatment plant. The collected fish were fixed in formol 10% and preserved in 70% ethanol. The gills were removed and prepared using routine histological technique. The data demonstrated the occurrence of high frequency of moderate and severe changes in the two years of sampling in fishes. The Histopathological Alterations Index (HAI) demonstrated a small increase in 2009 as compared to 2008. The results suggest that individuals are suffering the action of stressors, but the gills may recover if there is an improvement of environmental conditions.
New Record of Two Freshwater Bryozoan Species (Phylactolaemata) from Kagzipura Reservoir, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Nirmiti D. Nimbalkar , Timothy S. Wood , Ramesh P. Chondekar
Published: April 2022

A reassessment of the freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) has carried out for two years at Kagzipura lake, 40 km northwest of Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Collected samples were primarily identified on the basis of their colony morphology and statoblast features under light microscope, and species identification was confirmed on the basis of Scanning Electron Microscopic Images (SEM) of statoblast and standard keys of freshwater Bryozoa. In the present study we are reporting two bryozoan species first time at Kagzipura lake which were not reported earlier at this region. So this paper has updated the bryozoan diversity of Kagzipura lake with two more species i.e. Hyalinella lendenfeldi (Ridley, 1886) and Plumatella bombayensis Annandale, 1908. The present study also provided brief descriptions of these species, including images taken with light microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope.
Understanding the relationship between environment, agriculture and health: An interdisciplinary challenge
Authors: Waage Jeff
Published: April 2022

In an editorial last year, Prof. Kathryn Monk explained the importance to environmental research of an interdisciplinary approach. She has asked me to share with readers some further, personal thoughts on this topic. I am an ecologist by training, but I spent much of my career managing agricultural research programmes in tropical regions. For the last ten years, I have held a position in a school of public health. This varied disciplinary experience has given me the opportunity to explore and understand interactions between environment, agriculture and human health. It is helpful to think of environment, agriculture, and health as points in a triangle, each having specific interactions with an adjacent sector, but also being influenced by more complex, three-way interactions. For environmental scientists, the interactions with agriculture are probably the most familiar. Extensive planting of crops like rice and oil palm has dramatic effects on biological diversity, water systems and their function, and soils. The importance of healthy environments to agriculture is repeatedly demonstrated. Thirty years ago, I had the opportunity to review the Indonesian national programme on integrated pest management in rice. Use of pesticides on rice was, paradoxically, causing severe outbreaks of pests like brown planthopper. The environmental processes behind this were actually quite complex. Soon after flooding, aquatic arthropods colonizing rice paddies provided a food source for generalist predators that moved in and built levels capable of suppressing subsequent pest invasion. Pesticides killed off this general predator community, while the pests, which lay their eggs inside plants, were less affected and their populations exploded in this predator-free environment (Settle et al. 1996).  Integrated Pest Management (IPM) on rice, pioneered in countries like Indonesia, was for many years a leading example of the value of integrating environmental and agricultural research.Environmental scientists will be less familiar, perhaps, with the interactions between agriculture and health, so here is a short introduction. Agricultural systems have two impacts on health, which for historical reasons have been treated as separate disciplines in the health sector. They produce food that contributes to nutrition, which is usually, but not always, a health benefit, and they produce distinct health risks, including diseases associated with food and food production, and toxins associated with agriculture, such as the pesticide just mentioned.
Artificial Intelligence model for analyzing buying patterns of customers
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: May 2022

This study aims to incorporate Artificial Intelligence (AI) for analyzing buying patterns of customers and different factors that are playing its role. By discovering the important factors which contribute towards changing patterns. In order to study, a survey has been conducted for this analysis. Selected data-set consists of four attributes i.e. gender, age, estimated salary and purchased. These factors are used as input to AI model. The data-set consists of 400 members. 80% of the data has been used for the purpose of training and data has been used for testing purpose is 20%. Experimental results have shown that that model has achieved 90% accuracy. It means AI has contributed a lot towards this changing behaviors and approach of the customers during online shopping.
Effects of Chilling and Anoxia on the Irradiation Dose-Response in Adult Aedes Mosquitoes
Authors: Yamada H. , Maiga H. , Kraupa C. , Mamai W. , Bimbilé Somda N. S. , Abrahim A. , Wallner T. , Bouyer J.
Published: May 2022

The success of the sterile insect technique (SIT) relies on the achievement of high levels of sterility and mating success of the factory-reared sterile males and thus their biological quality, which can be enhanced by the reduction of stress factors encountered during rearing, handling, and irradiation procedures. The achievement of consistent sterility levels requires reliable and standard irradiation protocols. Additionally, mosquito adults require immobilization prior to, and during irradiation to increase processing efficiency and to avoid physical damage caused by movement in restricted space. Common methods for immobilization include chilling and anesthetics such as nitrogen. Here we assessed the effects of chilling and exposure to nitrogen on the irradiation dose-response of Aedes mosquitoes, and their downstream effects on some male quality parameters including longevity and flight ability. We found that chilling does not incur damage in the insects in terms of longevity and flight ability when chilling duration and temperature are carefully controlled, and a recovery phase is provided. Irradiation in nitrogen shows high radioprotective effects during irradiation, resulting in reduced induction of sterility. Overall, longevity of males can be improved by irradiating in anoxia, however the exposure to nitrogen itself comes with negative impacts on flight ability. The results reported here will assist in the standardization and optimization of irradiation protocols for the SIT to control mosquito populations of medical relevance.
Unraveling the Metabolic Derangements Occurring in Non-infarcted Areas of Pig Hearts With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Correia Cláudia , Wang Qing-Dong , Linhardt Gunilla , Carlsson Leif G. , Ulfenborg Benjamin , Walentinsson Anna , Rydén-Markinhutha Katarina , Behrendt Margareta , Wikström Johannes , Sartipy Peter , Jennbacken Karin , Synnergren Jane
Published: April 2022

Graphical Abstract

Summary of the metabolic and vascular derangements found in border and remote zones of pig hearts three months after the MI.
Association of ACE2 Polymorphisms and Derived Haplotypes With Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in Female Spanish Adolescents
Authors: Lumpuy-Castillo Jairo , Vales-Villamarín Claudia , Mahíllo-Fernández Ignacio , Pérez-Nadador Iris , Soriano-Guillén Leandro , Lorenzo Oscar , Garcés Carmen
Published: May 2022

Background

In the cardiovascular (CV) system, overactivation of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may trigger deleterious responses derived from angiotensin (Ang)-II, which can be attenuated by stimulation of ACE2 and subsequent Ang-(1-7) metabolite. However, ACE2 exhibits a high degree of genetic polymorphism that may affect its structure and stability, interfering with these cardioprotective actions. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship of ACE2 polymorphisms with cardiovascular risk factors in children.

Methodology

Five ACE2-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), rs4646188, rs2158083, rs233575, rs879922, and rs2074192, previously related to CV risk factors, were analyzed in a representative sample of 12–16-year-old children and tested for their potential association with anthropometric parameters, insulin levels and the lipid profile.

Results

Girls (N = 461) exhibited lower rates of overweight, obesity, blood pressure, and glycemia than boys (N = 412), though increased plasma lipids. The triglycerides (TG)/HDL-C ratio was, however, lower in females. Interestingly, only in girls, the occurrence of overweight/obesity was associated with the SNPs rs879922 [OR 1.67 (1.02–2.75)], rs233575 [OR 1.98 (1.21- 3.22)] and rs2158083 [OR 1.67 (1.04–2.68)]. Also, TG levels were linked to the rs879922, rs233575, and rs2158083 SNPs, and the TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with rs879922 and rs233575. Levels of TC and LDL-C were associated with rs2074192 and rs2158083. Furthermore, the established cut-off level for TG ≥ 90 mg/dL was related to rs879922 [OR 1.78 (1.06–2.96)], rs2158083 [OR 1.75 (1.08–2.82)], and rs233575 [OR 1.62 (1.00–2.61)]. The cut-off level for TC ≥ 170 mg/dL was associated with rs2074192 OR 1.54 (1.04–2.28) and rs2158083 [OR 1.53 (1.04–2.25)]. Additionally, the haplotype (C-G-C) derived from rs879922-rs2158083-rs233575 was related to higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and TG elevation.

Conclusion

The expression and activity of ACE2 may be essential for CV homeostasis. Interestingly, the ACE2-SNPs rs879922, rs233575, rs2158083 and rs2074192, and the haplotype (C-G-C) of the three former could induce vulnerability to obesity and hyperlipidemia in women. Thus, these SNPs might be used as predictive biomarkers for CV diseases and as molecular targets for CV therapy.
Antioxidant Peptides From Protein Hydrolysate of Marine Red Algae Eucheuma cottonii: Preparation, Identification, and Cytoprotective Mechanisms on H2O2 Oxidative Damaged HUVECs
Authors: Sun Kun-Lai , Gao Min , Wang Yue-Zhen , Li Xue-Rong , Wang Peng , Wang Bin
Published: April 2022

Graphical Abstract

The mechanisms of antioxidant peptides EP4 and EP5 on protecting HUVECs from oxidative damage.
Phenome-Wide Association Study of Polygenic Risk Score for Alzheimer’s Disease in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Fu Mingzhou ,   UCLA Precision Health Data Discovery Repository Working Group,   UCLA Precision Health ATLAS Working Group
Published: April 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and a growing public health burden in the United States. Significant progress has been made in identifying genetic risk for AD, but limited studies have investigated how AD genetic risk may be associated with other disease conditions in an unbiased fashion. In this study, we conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) by genetic ancestry groups within a large academic health system using the polygenic risk score (PRS) for AD. PRS was calculated using LDpred2 with genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Phenotypes were extracted from electronic health record (EHR) diagnosis codes and mapped to more clinically meaningful phecodes. Logistic regression with Firth’s bias correction was used for PRS phenotype analyses. Mendelian randomization was used to examine causality in significant PheWAS associations. Our results showed a strong association between AD PRS and AD phenotype in European ancestry (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.40). Among a total of 1,515 PheWAS tests within the European sample, we observed strong associations of AD PRS with AD and related phenotypes, which include mild cognitive impairment (MCI), memory loss, and dementias. We observed a phenome-wide significant association between AD PRS and gouty arthropathy (OR = 0.90, adjusted p = 0.05). Further causal inference tests with Mendelian randomization showed that gout was not causally associated with AD. We concluded that genetic predisposition of AD was negatively associated with gout, but gout was not a causal risk factor for AD. Our study evaluated AD PRS in a real-world EHR setting and provided evidence that AD PRS may help to identify individuals who are genetically at risk of AD and other related phenotypes. We identified non-neurodegenerative diseases associated with AD PRS, which is essential to understand the genetic architecture of AD and potential side effects of drugs targeting genetic risk factors of AD. Together, these findings expand our understanding of AD genetic and clinical risk factors, which provide a framework for continued research in aging with the growing number of real-world EHR linked with genetic data.
Combining Robot-Assisted Gait Training and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bressi Federica , Cinnera Alex Martino , Morone Giovanni , Campagnola Benedetta , Cricenti Laura , Santacaterina Fabio , Miccinilli Sandra , Zollo Loredana , Paolucci Stefano , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Sterzi Silvia , Bravi Marco
Published: May 2022

Gait impairment is one of the most common disorders of patients with chronic stroke, which hugely affects the ability to carry out the activities of daily living and the quality of life. Recently, traditional rehabilitation techniques have been associated with non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, which enhance brain plasticity, with the aim of promoting recovery in patients with chronic stroke. NIBS effectiveness in improving gait parameters in patients with chronic stroke has been in several studies evaluated. Robotic devices are emerging as promising tools for the treatment of stroke-related disabilities by performing repetitive, intensive, and task-specific treatments and have been proved to be effective for the enhancement of motor recovery in patients with chronic stroke. To date, several studies have examined the combination of NIBS with robotic-assisted gait training, but the effectiveness of this approach is not yet well established. The main purpose of this systematic review is to clarify whether the combination of NIBS and robot-assisted gait training may improve walking function in patients with chronic stroke. Our systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies eligible for review were identified through PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and PEDro from inception to March 15, 2021, and the outcomes considered were gait assessments. Seven studies were included in the qualitative analysis of this systematic review, with a total population of 186 patients with chronic stroke. All studies specified technical characteristics of robotic devices and NIBS used, with high heterogeneity of protocols. Methodological studies have shown a significantly greater improvement in walking capacity recorded with 6MWT. Finally, research studies have highlighted a positive effect on walking recovery by combination of robot-assisted gait training with non-invasive brain stimulation. Furthermore, future studies should identify the best characteristics of the combined therapeutic protocols.

Systematic Review Registration

CRD42021244869.
Bridging the Transient Intraluminal Stroke Preclinical Model to Clinical Practice: From Improved Surgical Procedures to a Workflow of Functional Tests
Authors: Pinto Raquel , Magalhães Ana , Sousa Mafalda , Melo Lúcia , Lobo Andrea , Barros Pedro , Gomes João R.
Published: April 2022

Graphical Abstract

Improving translation of tMCAO mice model. Improvement of the surgical procedure, post-operative care and functional evaluation in the tMCAO mice, gives rise to a model with high parallel and translation into clinical reality. Induction of ischemia for 45-mins using smaller commercial filaments gives rise to uniform lesion volume that together with the improved post-operative care, decreases this model mortality. Furthermore, this allows for intensive long-term functional evaluation of mice. This way, clinical symptoms and ethology, as well as scales used to evaluate stroke, are mimicked in a mouse model.
Identification of the Raman Salivary Fingerprint of Parkinson’s Disease Through the Spectroscopic– Computational Combinatory Approach
Authors: Carlomagno Cristiano , Bertazioli Dario , Gualerzi Alice , Picciolini Silvia , Andrico Michele , Rodà Francesca , Meloni Mario , Banfi Paolo Innocente , Verde Federico , Ticozzi Nicola , Silani Vincenzo , Messina Enza , Bedoni Marzia
Published: April 2022

Graphical Abstract
A Three-Day Intervention With Granola Containing Cereal Beta-Glucan Improves Glycemic Response and Changes the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Individuals: A Crossover Study
Authors: Telle-Hansen Vibeke H. , Gaundal Line , Høgvard Benedicte , Ulven Stine M. , Holven Kirsten B. , Byfuglien Marte G. , Måge Ingrid , Knutsen Svein Halvor , Ballance Simon , Rieder Anne , Rud Ida , Myhrstad Mari C. W.
Published: April 2022

Intake of soluble fibers including beta-glucan, is known to improve post-prandial glycemic response. The mechanisms have been attributed to the viscous gel forming in the stomach and small intestine, giving a longer absorption time. However, recent evidence suggests a link between intake of beta-glucan and improved glycemic regulation at subsequent meals through the gut microbiota. We investigated the short-term effect of granola with different amounts of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic response and gut microbiota. After a two-week run-in period (baseline), fourteen healthy, normal weight adults completed a dose-response dietary crossover study. Different amounts of cereal beta-glucan (low: 0.8 g, medium: 3.2 g and high: 6.6 g) were provided in granola and eaten with 200 ml low-fat milk as an evening meal for three consecutive days. Blood glucose and insulin were measured fasted and after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) the following day, in addition to peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), fasting short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, breath H2, and gut microbiota in feces. Only the intervention with medium amounts of beta-glucan decreased blood glucose and insulin during OGTT compared to baseline. Fasting PYY increased with both medium and high beta-glucan meal compared to the low beta-glucan meal. The microbiota and SCFAs changed after all three interventions compared to baseline, where acetate and butyrate increased, while propionate was unchanged. Highest positive effect size after intake of beta-glucan was found with Haemophilus, followed by Veillonella and Sutterella. Furthermore, we found several correlations between different bacterial taxa and markers of glycemic response. In summary, intake of granola containing 3.2 g cereal beta-glucan as an evening meal for three consecutive days reduced the glycemic response after an OGTT 0-180 min and changed gut microbiota composition. Since we cannot rule out that other fiber types have contributed to the effect, more studies are needed to further explore the effect of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic regulation.

Clinical Trial Registration

[www.clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT03293693].
Risk Factors of Symptomatic COVID-19 in Samtse District, Bhutan
Authors: Lhendup Karma , Tsheten Tsheten , Rinzin Tshewang , Wangdi Kinley
Published: May 2022

Introduction

All Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases in Samtse District, Bhutan were isolated in the isolation facilities managed by the government hospitals. This study aimed to identify the socio-demographic risk factors for developing COVID-19 symptoms amongst these patients.

Methods and Materials

A secondary data of the COVID-19 positive cases from isolation facilities of Samtse District from 5 May to 7 September 2021 was used for this study. Survival analysis was carried out to estimate the cumulative probability of symptom onset time by each risk factor. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to estimate the probabilities for the onset of symptoms at different time points and a log-rank test was employed to assess the differences between covariates.

Results

A total of 449 patients were included, of which 55.2% were males and 73.3% (328) were aged >18 years. The mean age was 42 years with a range of 3 months to 83 years. Forty-seven percent (213) reported at least one symptom. Common symptoms were fever (32.3%, 145), headache (31.6%, 142), and cough (30.1%, 135), respectively. Males were 64% less likely to be symptomatic than females [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.183–0.917]. Farmers (aHR = 3.17, 95% CI 1.119–8.953), and drivers and loaders (aHR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.029–9.834) were 3 times more likely to be symptomatic compared to housewives. Residents of Samtse sub-districts were 5 times more likely to be symptomatic than those living in other sub-districts (aHR = 5.16, 95% CI 2.362–11.254).

Conclusion

The risk of developing COVID-19 symptoms was being fe male, farmers, drivers and loaders, and residents of the Samtse sub-district. These high-risk groups should be provided additional care when in isolation facilities.
Technical Efficiency of Maize Production and Its Influencing Factors in the World’s Largest Groundwater Drop Funnel Area, China
Authors: Wu Zhaohong , Hua Wenyuan , Luo Liangguo , Tanaka Katsuya
Published: April 2022

Improving the efficiency of maize production is of great significance for global food security and the effective supply of agricultural products. Based on the survey data of 381 rural households, this study uses a stochastic frontier analysis to estimate the efficiency value and empirically analyze the factors affecting the technology efficiency of maize production in the Hengshui area of the North China Plain. First, higher costs were found to be related to extensive production methods of fertilization, pesticide application, and irrigation. Second, the results showed that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the irrigation cost and maize output. Specifically, when the irrigation cost was about 938 yuan/hectare, the maize output per unit area was optimal. Third, there was also an inverted U-shaped relationship between the fertilizer cost and maize output, and the loss of technical efficiency of maize output was minimal when the fertilizer cost is 2547 yuan/hectare. In addition, the findings of the inefficiency influencing factor model suggested that temperature and humidity were all positively associated with the non-efficiency of maize production. These findings can provide empirical support for improving the efficiency of maize production in North China or arid and semi-arid regions around the world.
Immune Cell Metabolic Fitness for Life
Authors: Bittman Kevin S.
Published: April 2022

Adoptive cell therapy holds great promise for treating a myriad of diseases, especially cancer. Within the last decade, immunotherapy has provided a significant leap in the successful treatment of leukemia. The research conducted throughout this period to understand the interrelationships between cancer cells and infiltrating immune cells winds up having one very common feature, bioenergetics. Cancer cells and immune cells both need ATP to perform their individual functions and cancer cells have adopted means to limit immune cell activity via changes in immune cell bioenergetics that redirect immune cell behavior to encourage tumor growth. Current leading strategies for cancer treatment super-charge an individual’s own immune cells against cancer. Successful Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (CAR T) target pathways that ultimately influence bioenergetics. In the last decade, scientists identified that mitochondria play a crucial role in T cell physiology. When modifying T cells to create chimeras, a unique mitochondrial fitness emerges that establishes stemness and persistence. This review highlights many of the key findings leading to this generation’s CAR T treatments and the work currently being done to advance immunotherapy, to empower not just T cells but other immune cells as well against a variety of cancers.
Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Effects of Selected Chemokine and Antimicrobial Peptide on Cytokine Profile during Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Mouse
Authors: Tuxpan-Pérez Astrid , Ibarra-Valencia Marco Antonio , Estrada Blanca Elisa , Clement Herlinda , Corrales-García Ligia Luz , Espino-Solis Gerardo Pavel , Corzo Gerardo
Published: April 2022

The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory capacities of the peptide Css54 and the chemokine MCP-1 were tested. The first, a peptide isolated from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides suffusus suffusus was synthesized chemically. In contrast, the second is a monocyte chemoattractant expressed as a recombinant protein in our lab. It was observed in vitro that Css54 inhibited the growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (6.2 µg/mL). At high concentrations, it was toxic to macrophages (25 µg/mL), activated macrophage phagocytosis (1.5 µg/mL), and bound Salmonella LPS (3 µg/mL). On the other hand, the recombinant MCP-1 neither inhibited the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium nor was it toxic to macrophages (up to 25 µg/mL), nor activated macrophage phagocytosis or bound Salmonella LPS (up to 3 µg/mL). Although it was observed in vivo in mice Balb/C that both Css54 and MCP-1 did not resolve the intraperitoneal infection by S. Typhimurium, Css54 decreased the expression of IL-6 and increased IL-10, IL-12p70, and TNF-α levels; meanwhile, MCP-1 decreased the expression of IFN-γ and increased IL-12p70 and TNF-α. It was also observed that the combination of both molecules Css54 and MCP-1 increased the expression of IL-10 and TNF-α.
Clindamycin Efficacy for Cutibacterium acnes Shoulder Device-Related Infections
Authors: Courdurié Audrey , Lotte Romain , Ruimy Raymond , Cauhape Vincent , Carles Michel , Gauci Marc-Olivier , Boileau Pascal , Courjon Johan
Published: April 2022

Clindamycin is an antibiotic with high bioavailability and appropriate bone diffusion, often proposed as an alternative in guidelines for C. acnes prosthetic joint infections. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of C. acnes shoulder implant joint infections (SIJI). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted at the University Hospital of Nice (France) between 2010 and 2019. We included patients with one shoulder implant surgical procedure and at least one C. acnes positive sample. We selected the C. acnes SIJI according to French and international recommendations. The primary endpoint was favorable outcome of C. acnes SIJI treatment after at least 1-year follow-up in the clindamycin group compared to another therapeutic group. Results: Forty-eight SIJI were identified and 33 were treated with clindamycin, among which 25 were treated with monotherapy. The median duration of clindamycin antibiotherapy was 6 weeks. The average follow-up was 45 months; one patient was lost to follow-up. Twenty-seven patients out of 33 (82%) were cured with clindamycin, compared to 9/12 (75%) with other antibiotics. The rate of favorable outcomes increased to 27/31 (87%) with clindamycin and to 9/10 (90%) for other antibiotics when no septic revision strategies were excluded (P = 1.00). Conclusions: The therapeutic strategy based on one- or two-stage revision associated with 6 weeks of clindamycin seems to be effective.
The Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Matcha Tea (Camellia sinensis) Active Components and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Koláčková Tereza , Sumczynski Daniela , Minařík Antonín , Yalçin Erkan , Orsavová Jana
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the effects of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant activity and release of phenolics, xanthine alkaloids, and L-theanine contents of matcha. It establishes digestibility values between 61.2–65.8%. Considering native matcha, the rutin content (303–479 µg/g) reached higher values than catechin (10.2–23.1 µg/g). Chlorogenic acid (2090–2460 µg/g) was determined as predominant. Rutin, quercetin, ferulic, ellagic, and caffeic acid were the least-released phenolics, and their remaining residues reached 76–84%. Protocatechuic, hydroxybenzoic acid, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate were the best-released phenolics, with the remaining residues under 1%. Caffeine, L-theanine, and theobromine contents in native matcha reached 16.1, 9.85, and 0.27 mg/g, respectively. Only caffeine (3.66–5.26 mg/g) and L-theanine (0.09–0.15 mg/g) were monitored in the undigested residue, representing 13 and 0.1% of the remaining part, respectively. A chemiluminescence assay showed that water-soluble antioxidants showed significant antioxidant activity in native matcha, while lipid-soluble compounds showed higher antioxidant activity in the undigested samples. Cinnamic and neochlorogenic acids were determined as the main contributors to the ACW values in the undigested matcha, epicatechin, and quercetin in the ACL fraction. The application of the digestion process reduced the antioxidant activity by more than 94%. SEM has proved specific digestion patterns of in vitro digestibility of matcha.