bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Transcriptional Regulation of the Human miR-17-92 Cluster; Evidence for Involvement of Pim-1
Authors: Thomas Maren , Lange-Grünweller Kerstin , Hartmann Dorothee , Golde Lara , Schlereth Julia , Streng Dennis , Aigner Achim , Grünweller Arnold , Hartmann Roland
Published: June 2013

The human polycistronic miRNA cluster miR-17-92 is frequently overexpressed in hematopoietic malignancies and cancers. Its transcription is in part controlled by an E2F-regulated host gene promoter. An intronic A/T-rich region directly upstream of the miRNA coding region also contributes to cluster expression. Our deletion analysis of the A/T-rich region revealed a strong dependence on c-Myc binding to the functional E3 site. Yet, constructs lacking the 5'-proximal ~1.3 kb or 3'-distal ~0.1 kb of the 1.5 kb A/T-rich region still retained residual specific promoter activity, suggesting multiple transcription start sites (TSS) in this region. Furthermore, the protooncogenic kinase, Pim-1, its phosphorylation target HP1γ and c-Myc colocalize to the E3 region, as inferred from chromatin immunoprecipitation. Analysis of pri-miR-17-92 expression levels in K562 and HeLa cells revealed that silencing of E2F3, c-Myc or Pim-1 negatively affects cluster expression, with a synergistic effect caused by c-Myc/Pim-1 double knockdown in HeLa cells. Thus, we show, for the first time, that the protooncogene Pim-1 is part of the network that regulates transcription of the human miR-17-92 cluster.
Enhanced Inhibition of Bladder Cancer Cell Growth by Simultaneous Knockdown of Antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and Survivin in Combination with Chemotherapy
Authors: Kunze Doreen , Erdmann Kati , Froehner Michael , Wirth Manfred , Fuessel Susanne
Published: June 2013

The overexpression of antiapoptotic genes, such as Bcl-xL and survivin, contributes to the increased survival of tumor cells and to the development of treatment resistances. In the bladder cancer cell lines EJ28 and J82, the siRNA-mediated knockdown of survivin reduces cell proliferation and the inhibition of Bcl-xL sensitizes these cells towards subsequent chemotherapy with mitomycin C and cisplatin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze if the simultaneous knockdown of Bcl-xL and survivin might represent a more powerful treatment option for bladder cancer than the single inhibition of one of these target genes. At 96 h after transfection, reduction in cell viability was stronger after simultaneous inhibition of Bcl-xL and survivin (decrease of 40%–48%) in comparison to the single target treatments (decrease of 29% at best). Furthermore, simultaneous knockdown of Bcl-xL and survivin considerably increased the efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy. For example, cellular viability of EJ28 cells decreased to 6% in consequence of Bcl-xL and survivin inhibition plus cisplatin treatment whereas single target siRNA plus chemotherapy treatments mediated reductions down to 15%–36% only. In conclusion, the combination of simultaneous siRNA-mediated knockdown of antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and survivin—a multitarget molecular-based therapy—and conventional chemotherapy shows great potential for improving bladder cancer treatment.
Contribution of the Tyr-1 in Plantaricin149a to Disrupt Phospholipid Model Membranes
Authors: Lopes José , Gómara Maria , Haro Isabel , Tonarelli Georgina , Beltramini Leila
Published: June 2013

Plantaricin149a (Pln149a) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide, which was suggested to cause membrane destabilization via the carpet mechanism. The mode of action proposed to this antimicrobial peptide describes the induction of an amphipathic α-helix from Ala7 to Lys20, while the N-terminus residues remain in a coil conformation after binding. To better investigate this assumption, the purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of the Tyr1 in Pln149a in the binding to model membranes to promote its destabilization. The Tyr to Ser substitution increased the dissociation constant (KD) of the antimicrobial peptide from the liposomes (approximately three-fold higher), and decreased the enthalpy of binding to anionic vesicles from −17.2 kcal/mol to −10.2 kcal/mol. The peptide adsorption/incorporation into the negatively charged lipid vesicles was less effective with the Tyr1 substitution and peptide Pln149a perturbed the liposome integrity more than the analog, Pln149S. Taken together, the peptide-lipid interactions that govern the Pln149a antimicrobial activity are found not only in the amphipathic helix, but also in the N-terminus residues, which take part in enthalpic contributions due to the allocation at a lipid-aqueous interface.
An Investigation of the Effects of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Protein Crystallisation
Authors: Zhang Chen-Yan , Shen He-Fang , Wang Qian-Jin , Guo Yun-Zhu , He Jin , Cao Hui-Ling , Liu Yong-Ming , Shang Peng , Yin Da-Chuan
Published: June 2013

Most protein crystallisation begins from heterogeneous nucleation; in practice, crystallisation typically occurs in the presence of a solid surface in the solution. The solid surface provides a nucleation site such that the energy barrier for nucleation is lower on the surface than in the bulk solution. Different types of solid surfaces exhibit different surface energies, and the nucleation barriers depend on the characteristics of the solid surfaces. Therefore, treatment of the solid surface may alter the surface properties to increase the chance to obtain protein crystals. In this paper, we propose a method to modify the glass cover slip using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of functional groups (methyl, sulfydryl and amino), and we investigated the effect of each SAM on protein crystallisation. The results indicated that both crystallisation success rate in a reproducibility study, and crystallisation hits in a crystallisation screening study, were increased using the SAMs, among which, the methyl-modified SAM demonstrated the most significant improvement. These results illustrated that directly modifying the crystallisation plates or glass cover slips to create surfaces that favour heterogeneous nucleation can be potentially useful in practical protein crystallisation, and the utilisation of a SAM containing a functional group can be considered a promising technique for the treatment of the surfaces that will directly contact the crystallisation solution.
Expression and Role of GPR87 in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Okazoe Homare , Zhang Xia , Liu Dage , Shibuya Shinsuke , Ueda Nobufumi , Sugimoto Mikio , Kakehi Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2013

The orphan GPR87 has recently been matched with its ligand LPA, which is a lipid mediator with multiple physiological functions, including cancer cell proliferation. This study aimed to clarify the role of GPR87 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. GPR87 expression was assessed in seven human bladder cancer cell lines. A replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector expressing shRNA targeting GPR87 (Ad-shGPR87), was constructed. Gene silencing was carried out using Ad-shGPR87. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for transurethral resection of bladder tumor samples from 71 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We observed GPR87 expression in five of the seven cell lines, and silencing GPR87 gene expression significantly reduced cell viability. GPR87 expression was positive in 38 (54%) of 71 tumors. Ki-67 index was associated with positive GPR87 staining status (p < 0.0001). Patients with GPR87-positive tumors had shorter intravesical recurrence-free survival than those with GPR87-negative tumors (p = 0.010). Multivariate analysis revealed that GPR87 staining status was an independent prognostic parameter for intravesical recurrence (p = 0.041). Progression from non-muscle-invasive to muscle-invasive tumor was more frequently observed in patients with GPR87-positive tumors, although this trend did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.056). These results warrant further prospective studies to clarify the role of GPR87 expression in intravesical recurrence and progression in bladder cancer.
Behavioral Responses of the Bed Bug to Permethrin-Impregnated ActiveGuard™ Fabric
Authors: Jones Susan , Bryant Joshua , Harrison Scott
Published: June 2013

ActiveGuard™ Mattress Liners have been used to control house dust mites, and they also are commercially available as an integrated pest management tool for use against bed bugs (Cimex lectularius). The aim of our study was to evaluate responses of numerous populations of the bed bug to the permethrin-impregnated fabric, with particular regard to contact toxicity, repellency, and feeding inhibition. Continuous exposure to ActiveGuard fabric resulted in rapid intoxication for three of four populations, with 87 to 100% of moderately pyrethroid-resistant and susceptible bed bugs succumbing by 1 d. In comparison, a highly resistant population reached 22% mortality at 10 d. Video data revealed that bed bugs readily traversed ActiveGuard fabric and spent a considerable amount of time moving about and resting on it during a 12-h period. ActiveGuard fabric was non-repellent to bed bugs from five tested populations. Furthermore, significantly fewer bed bugs successfully fed to repletion through ActiveGuard fabric than through blank fabric for the five populations. With just 30 min of feeding exposure, mortality ranged from 4% to 83%, depending upon the bed bug strain. These laboratory studies indicate that ActiveGuard liners adversely affected bed bugs from diverse populations.
Physician Awareness and Utilization of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-Approved Labeling for Pharmacogenomic Testing Information
Authors: Stanek Eric , Sanders Christopher , Frueh Felix
Published: June 2013

We surveyed 10,303 United States physicians on where they obtain pharmacogenomic testing information. Thirty-nine percent indicated that they obtained this from drug labeling. Factors positively associated with this response included older age, postgraduate instruction, using other information sources, regulatory approval/ recommendation of testing, reliance on labeling for information, and perception that patients have benefited from testing. Physicians use pharmacogenomic testing information from drug labeling, highlighting the importance of labeling information that is conducive to practice application.
Flexibilins A–C, New Cembrane-Type Diterpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral, Sinularia flexibilis
Authors: Hu Li-Chung , Su Jui-Hsin , Chiang Michael , Lu Mei-Chin , Hwang Tsong-Long , Chen Yung-Husan , Hu Wan-Ping , Lin Nai-Cheng , Wang Wei-Hsien , Fang Lee-Shing , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Sung Ping-Jyun
Published: June 2013

Three new cembrane-type diterpenoids, flexibilins A–C (1–3), along with a known cembrane, (−)-sandensolide (4), were isolated from the soft coral, Sinularia flexibilis. The structures of cembranes 1–4 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The structure of 4, including its absolute stereochemistry, was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Cembrane 2 displayed a moderate inhibitory effect on the release of elastase by human neutrophils.
Water Complexes of Cytochrome P450: Insights from Energy Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Thellamurege Nandun , Hirao Hajime
Published: June 2013

Water is a small molecule that nevertheless perturbs, sometimes significantly, the electronic properties of an enzyme’s active site. In this study, interactions of a water molecule with the ferric heme and the compound I (Cpd I) intermediate of cytochrome P450 are studied. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) schemes are used to investigate the physical origins of these interactions. Localized molecular orbital EDA (LMOEDA) implemented in the quantum chemistry software GAMESS and the EDA method implemented in the ADF quantum chemistry program are used. EDA reveals that the electrostatic and polarization effects act as the major driving force in both of these interactions. The hydrogen bonding in the Cpd I•••H2O complex is similar to that in the water dimer; however, the relative importance of the electrostatic effect is somewhat larger in the water dimer.
Reduction of Saltiness and Acrylamide Levels in Palm Sugar-Like Flavouring through Buffer Modification and the Addition of Calcium Chloride
Authors: Tan Phui , Tan Chin , Abas Faridah , Ho Chun , Mustapha Wan
Published: June 2013

Palm sugar-like flavouring (PSLF) is a type of flavour product that is formed by heating amino acids and sugar under specific heating conditions. Unfortunately, PSLF has a salty taste and contains high amounts of acrylamide. Hence, the objective of this research was to reduce saltiness and acrylamide without negatively affecting the aroma properties of PSLF. A decrease in the sodium phosphate (NaHPO4) buffer concentration from 0.20 to 0.02 M was found to reduce sodium to approximately 15% of the level found in original PSLF. A further decrease (~25%) in the sodium content was achieved by removing monobasic sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) from the buffer system. Meanwhile, the addition of CaCl2 at 20–40 mg/L reduced the acrylamide content in PSLF by as much as 58%. A CaCl2 concentration of 20 mg/mL was most favourable as it most efficiently suppressed acrylamide formation while providing an acceptably high flavour yield in PSLF. In view of the high acrylamide content in PSLF, additional work is necessary to further reduce the amount of acrylamide by controlling the asparagine concentration in the precursor mixture.
Practical Aspects and Mechanism of Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Chiral Half-Sandwich Complexes
Authors: Václavík Jiří , Šot Petr , Vilhanová Beáta , Pecháček Jan , Kuzma Marek , Kačer Petr
Published: June 2013

This review is oriented toward the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of imines regarding mostly fundamental, yet important topics from the practical point of view. Development of analytical methods for the monitoring of ATH (i.e., kinetics and stereoselectivity) belongs to those topics, as well as studies on the influence of reaction conditions and structural variations on the reaction performance. The second part is devoted to the reaction mechanism with the emphasis on imine ATH and catalyst behaviour under acidic conditions. The review also addresses the asymmetric hydrogenation (AH) of ketones and imines using molecular hydrogen and the application of ATH in pharmaceutical projects. The contributions of our group to each area are included.
Application and Analysis of the Folin Ciocalteu Method for the Determination of the Total Phenolic Content from Limonium Brasiliense L.
Authors: Blainski Andressa , Lopes Gisely , De Mello João
Published: June 2013

Limonium brasiliense is a common plant on the southern coast of Brazil. The roots are traditionally used for treatment of premenstrual syndrome, menstrual disturbances and genito-urinary infections. Pharmaceutical preparations obtained from its roots and used for these purposes were marketed in Brazil in the 1980s and 1990s. Currently, the Brazilian Drug Agency (National Health Surveillance Agency, ANVISA) has canceled the registration of these products, and their use was discontinued because of a lack of studies to characterize the plant raw material and ensure the effectiveness and safety of its use. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an analytical method to determine the content of total polyphenols (TP) in an extract from L. brasiliense roots, by the UV/Vis spectrophotometric method. L. brasiliense roots were extracted in acetone:water (7:3, v/v-10% w/v). The crude extract was used to develop a method for TP assay. The method was validated according to national and international guidelines. The optimum conditions for analysis time, wavelength, and standard substance were 30 min, 760 nm, and pyrogallol, respectively. Under these conditions, validation by UV/Vis spectrophotometry proved the method to be linear, specific, precise, accurate, reproducible, robust, and easy to perform. This methodology complies with the requirements for analytical application and to ensure the reliability of the results.
Psychophysiological Methods to Evaluate User’s Response in Human Robot Interaction: A Review and Feasibility Study
Authors: Tiberio Lorenza , Cesta Amedeo , Olivetti Belardinelli Marta
Published: June 2013

Implementing psychophysiological measures is a worthwhile approach for understanding human reaction to robot presence in terms of individual emotional state. This paper reviews the suitability of using psychophysiological assessment in human-robot interaction (HRI) research. A review of most common psychophysiological parameters used in a controlled laboratory setting is provided and advantages and challenges of their utilization in HRI experiments are described. Exemplar studies focused on the implementation of psychophysiological measures for the evaluation of the emotional responses of the participants to the robots’ presence are described. Based on the reviewed literature, the paper also describes the results of our own research experience to make the most of the emerged recommendations. We planned and performed a study aimed at implementing psychophysiological measurements for assessing the human response of two groups of older adults (Healthy vs. Mild Cognitive Impairment subjects) towards a telepresence robot. Finally, the paper provides a summary of lessons learned across the field in using psychophysiological measures in HRI studies.
An Intelligent Surveillance Platform for Large Metropolitan Areas with Dense Sensor Deployment
Authors: Fernández Jorge , Calavia Lorena , Baladrón Carlos , Aguiar Javier , Carro Belén , Sánchez-Esguevillas Antonio , Alonso-López Jesus , Smilansky Zeev
Published: June 2013

This paper presents an intelligent surveillance platform based on the usage of large numbers of inexpensive sensors designed and developed inside the European Eureka Celtic project HuSIMS. With the aim of maximizing the number of deployable units while keeping monetary and resource/bandwidth costs at a minimum, the surveillance platform is based on the usage of inexpensive visual sensors which apply efficient motion detection and tracking algorithms to transform the video signal in a set of motion parameters. In order to automate the analysis of the myriad of data streams generated by the visual sensors, the platform’s control center includes an alarm detection engine which comprises three components applying three different Artificial Intelligence strategies in parallel. These strategies are generic, domain-independent approaches which are able to operate in several domains (traffic surveillance, vandalism prevention, perimeter security, etc.). The architecture is completed with a versatile communication network which facilitates data collection from the visual sensors and alarm and video stream distribution towards the emergency teams. The resulting surveillance system is extremely suitable for its deployment in metropolitan areas, smart cities, and large facilities, mainly because cheap visual sensors and autonomous alarm detection facilitate dense sensor network deployments for wide and detailed coverage.
Early Improper Motion Detection in Golf Swings Using Wearable Motion Sensors: The First Approach
Authors: Stančin Sara , Tomažič Sašo
Published: June 2013

This paper presents an analysis of a golf swing to detect improper motion in the early phase of the swing. Led by the desire to achieve a consistent shot outcome, a particular golfer would (in multiple trials) prefer to perform completely identical golf swings. In reality, some deviations from the desired motion are always present due to the comprehensive nature of the swing motion. Swing motion deviations that are not detrimental to performance are acceptable. This analysis is conducted using a golfer’s leading arm kinematic data, which are obtained from a golfer wearing a motion sensor that is comprised of gyroscopes and accelerometers. Applying the principal component analysis (PCA) to the reference observations of properly performed swings, the PCA components of acceptable swing motion deviations are established. Using these components, the motion deviations in the observations of other swings are examined. Any unacceptable deviations that are detected indicate an improper swing motion. Arbitrarily long observations of an individual player’s swing sequences can be included in the analysis. The results obtained for the considered example show an improper swing motion in early phase of the swing, i.e., the first part of the backswing. An early detection method for improper swing motions that is conducted on an individual basis provides assistance for performance improvement.
The Meaning of Health, Well-Being, and Quality of Life Perceived by Roma People in West Sweden
Authors: Eklund Karlsson Leena , Crondahl Kristine , Sunnemark Fredrik , Andersson Åsa
Published: June 2013

Many Roma people in Sweden are on the margins of society and face problems of social exclusion, institutional discrimination, low education, unemployment, and poor health. The aim is to describe how a group of Roma people, in West Sweden, understand health, well-being, and quality of life within the Roma context, and how they cope with their life-situation. Data consisted of qualitative interviews. The data were analyzed qualitatively using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. The respondents mainly understood the concept of Health as “being healthy” and “feeling good”. Elements that were crucial part of the respondents’ health perception were being employed, having an education, social support from family and friends, freedom and security, and the extent of involvement in society. The results indicate that the respondents perceive their health and life situation as good, despite of their marginalized situation and discrimination.
Social Robots, Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuro/Cognitive Enhancers: Three Emerging Science and Technology Products through the Lens of Technology Acceptance Theories, Models and Frameworks
Authors: Wolbring Gregor , Diep Lucy , Yumakulov Sophya , Ball Natalie , Yergens Dean
Published: June 2013

Social robotics, brain machine interfaces and neuro and cognitive enhancement products are three emerging science and technology products with wide-reaching impact for disabled and non-disabled people. Acceptance of ideas and products depend on multiple parameters and many models have been developed to predict product acceptance. We investigated which frequently employed technology acceptance models (consumer theory, innovation diffusion model, theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behaviour, social cognitive theory, self-determination theory, technology of acceptance model, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology UTAUT and UTAUT2) are employed in the social robotics, brain machine interfaces and neuro and cognitive enhancement product literature and which of the core measures used in the technology acceptance models are implicit or explicit engaged with in the literature.
Exploiting Herpes Simplex Virus Entry for Novel Therapeutics
Authors: Hadigal Satvik , Shukla Deepak
Published: June 2013

Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) is associated with a variety of diseases such as genital herpes and numerous ocular diseases. At the global level, high prevalence of individuals who are seropositive for HSV, combined with its inconspicuous infection, remains a cause for major concern. At the molecular level, HSV entry into a host cell involves multiple steps, primarily the interaction of viral glycoproteins with various cell surface receptors, many of which have alternate substitutes. The molecular complexity of the virus to enter a cell is also enhanced by the existence of different modes of viral entry. The availability of many entry receptors, along with a variety of entry mechanisms, has resulted in a virus that is capable of infecting virtually all cell types. While HSV uses a wide repertoire of viral and host factors in establishing infection, current therapeutics aimed against the virus are not as diversified. In this particular review, we will focus on the initial entry of the virus into the cell, while highlighting potential novel therapeutics that can control this process. Virus entry is a decisive step and effective therapeutics can translate to less virus replication, reduced cell death, and detrimental symptoms.
Tandem dinucleophilic cyclization of cyclohexane-1,3-diones with pyridinium salts
Authors: Kiamehr Mostafa , Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Mkrtchyan Satenik , Semeniuchenko Volodymyr , Supe Linda , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter , Iaroshenko Viktor O
Published: June 2013

The cyclization of cyclohexane-1,3-diones with various substituted pyridinium salts afforded functionalized 8-oxa-10-aza-tricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),11-dienes. The reaction proceeds by regioselective attack of the central carbon atom of the 1,3-dicarbonyl unit to 4-position of the pyridinium salt and subsequent cyclization by base-assisted proton migration and nucleophilic addition of the oxygen atom to the 2-position, as was elucidated by DFT computations. Fairly extensive screening of bases and additives revealed that the presence of potassium cations is essential for formation of the product.
Barriers to the importation of medical products to Russia: in search of solutions
Authors: Jargin Sergei V.
Published: June 2013

Barriers to the importation of foreign medical products to Russia contribute to higher prices on the domestic market, which is a disadvantage for healthcare. Such barriers, valid also for the import of professional literature, resulted in persistence of some outdated concepts and methods in medicine. Policies promoting domestic medical products can result in their biased characterization in scientific reports. In conclusion, more international trust is needed for successful co-operation on the lawful basis and elimination of unfair practices in the interests of healthcare and medical research.
Low Bone Mass is Associated with Increased Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Coutinho Mario de Almeida Pereira , Bandeira Elba , de Almeida Juliana Maria Coelho Maia , Godoi Emanuelle Tenorio Albuquerque Madruga , Vasconcelos Germana , Bandeira Francisco
Published: June 2013

Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis share common risk factors and the association of low bone mass with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been demonstrated in some studies. Nevertheless, most studies have been focused on women and only a few on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The measurement of carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) is able to detect early atherosclerotic changes and is a predictive marker of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to assess the CIMT and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) (in the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS)) in men with T2DM. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 24 men with T2DM (aged 61 ± 6.4 years) and evaluated metabolic factors, bone densitometry values, and CIMT measured using B-mode Logic-E ultrasound machine. More than 5 years since the diagnosis of T2DM had passed in 75% of the patients, 41.6% were in statin use, mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.1 ± 3.4 kg/m2, abdominal circumference (AC) 97.8 ± 8.4 cm, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 143.8 ± 18.3 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 85.8 ± 12.3 mmHg, HbA1C 7.5% ± 1.3%, Triglycerides 141.7 ± 73 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol 103.3 ± 35.9 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol 41.6 ± 11.6 mg/dL. The patients were stratified into groups according to BMD. The group with normal BMD at FN had mean CIMT of 0.7 mm and the group with low bone mass (osteopenia or osteoporosis) had CIMT of 0.86 mm ( P = 0.007). In addition, there were no significant differences between groups regarding age, duration of T2DM, BMI, AC, SBP, DBP, statin use, smoking, HbA1C, cholesterol, or triglycerides. Our data demonstrate a negative association between BMD at the FN and CIMT in type 2 diabetic men, which was unrelated to the traditional risk factors for atherosclerotic disease and degree of diabetes control.
Comment on “The Molecular Evolutionary Patterns of the Insulin/FOXO Signaling Pathway”
Authors: Alvarez-Ponce David , Aguadé Montserrat , Rozas Julio
Published: June 2013

Letter to the Editor on Wang M, Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhang X, Pan Y. The molecular evolutionary patterns of the insulin/FOXO signaling pathway. Evol Bioinform. 2013;9:1–16. doi: 10.4137/EBO.S10539.
The Fixed Point Locus of the Verschiebung on ℳX(2, 0) for Genus-2 Curves X in Charateristic 2
Authors: Yang YanHong
Published: June 2013

We prove that for every ordinary genus-2 curve X over a finite field κ of characteristic 2 with Aut(X/κ) = ℤ/2ℤ × S3 there exist SL(2; κ[[s]])-representations of π1(X) such that the image of π1(X̄) is infinite. This result produces a family of examples similar to Y. Laszlo’s counterexample to A. J. de Jong’s question regarding the finiteness of the geometric monodromy of representations of the fundamental group.
Nasal Anatomy and Analysis
Authors: Kenyon Guy
Published: June 2013

This article describes the anatomy of the nose and the principles of analysis of the nose and face that will aid a successful rhinoplasty. The analysis is based on the Caucasian female face and appropriate alterations will be needed in considering male patients and those with a differing ethnicity.

How to cite this article

Kenyon G. Nasal Anatomy and Analysis. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(1):34-42.
Management of the Internal Nasal Valve
Authors: Li Shia Ng , Stephen Lo
Published: June 2013

Nasal obstruction is one of the most common nose complaints. Internal nasal valve dysfunction is an important cause of nasal obstruction, particularly in patients who have a previous history of nasal trauma or reduction rhinoplasty. Correct assessment is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management planning. Various surgical and nonsurgical modalities for addressing the problem of internal nasal valve collapse are being reviewed in this paper. Each technique have their own advantages and disadvantage, and the choice depends on the underlying pathology, patient preference, availability of graft material. The rhinoplasty surgeon should have a thorough understanding of the available options as part of his/her armamentarium in dealing with internal nasal valve pathology.

How to cite this article

Shia Ng L, Lo S. Management of the Internal Nasal Valve. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(1):43-45.
A Lagrangian view of ozone production tendency in North American outflow in summers 2009 and 2010
Authors: Zhang B. , Owen R. C. , Perlinger J. A. , Kumar A. , Wu S. , Val Martin M. , Kramer L. , Helmig D. , Honrath R. E.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The Pico Mountain Observatory, located at 2225 m a.s.l. in the Azores Islands, was established in 2001 to observe long-range transport from North America to the central North Atlantic. In previous research conducted at the Observatory, ozone enhancement (>55 ppbv) in North American outflows was observed, and efficient ozone production in these outflows was postulated. This study is focused on determining the causes for high d[O3]/d[CO] values (~1 ppbv ppbv−1) observed in summers of 2009 and 2010. The folded retroplume technique, developed by Owen and Honrath (2009), was applied to combine upwind FLEXPART transport pathways with GEOS-Chem chemical fields. This folded result provides a semi-Lagrangian view of polluted North American outflow in terms of physical properties and chemical processes, including production/loss rate of ozone and NOx produced by lightning and thermal decomposition of PAN. Two transport events from North America were identified for detailed analysis. High d[O3]/d[CO] was observed in both events, but due to differing transport mechanisms, ozone production tendency differed between the two. A layer of net ozone production was found at 2 km a.s.l. over the Azores in the first event plume, apparently driven by PAN decomposition during subsidence of air mass in the Azores-Bermuda High. In the second event, net ozone loss occurred during transport in the lower free troposphere, yet observed d[O3]/d[CO] was high. We estimate that in both events, CO loss through oxidation contributed significantly to d[O3]/d[CO] enhancement. Thus, CO is not appropriately used as a passive tracer of pollution in these events. In general, use of d[O3]/d[CO] as an indicator of net ozone production/loss may be invalid for any situation in which oxidants are elevated. Based on our analysis, use of d[O3]/d[CO] to diagnose ozone enhancement without verifying the assumption of negligible CO loss is not advisable.
Estimation of aerosol water and chemical composition from AERONET at Cabauw, the Netherlands
Authors: van Beelen A. J. , Roelofs G. J. H. , Hasekamp O. P. , Henzing J. S. , Röckmann T.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Remote sensing of aerosols provides important information on the atmospheric aerosol abundance. However, due to the hygroscopic nature of aerosol particles observed aerosol optical properties are influenced by atmospheric humidity, and the measurements do not unambiguously characterize the aerosol dry mass and composition which complicates the comparison with aerosol models. In this study we derive aerosol water and chemical composition by a modeling approach that combines individual measurements of remotely sensed aerosol properties (e.g. optical thickness, single scattering albedo, refractive index and size distribution) from an AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) sun-photometer with radiosonde measurements of relative humidity. The model simulates water uptake by aerosols based on the chemical composition and size distribution. A minimization method is used to calculate aerosol composition and concentration, which are then compared to in situ measurements from the Intensive Measurement Campaign At the Cabauw Tower (IMPACT, May 2008, the Netherlands). Computed concentrations show reasonable agreement with surface observations and follow the day-to-day variability in observations. Total dry mass (33 ± 12 μg m−3) and black carbon concentrations (0.7 ± 0.3 μg m−3) are generally accurately computed. The uncertainty in the AERONET (real) refractive index (0.025–0.05) introduces larger uncertainty in the modeled aerosol composition (e.g. sulfates, ammonium nitrate or organic matter) and leads to an uncertainty of 0.1–0.25 in aerosol water volume fraction. Water volume fraction is highly variable depending on composition, up to >0.5 at 70–80% and <0.1 at 40% relative humidity.
Multivariate testing of spatio-temporal consistence of daily precipitation records
Authors: Mächel H. , Kapala A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The project KLIDADIGI of the German Meteorological Service (DWD) systematically rescues historical daily climate data of Germany by keying and imaging. Up to now, daily nearly gap-free precipitation time series at 118 locations for the period 1901–2000 are collected and extended by digitalization of hand-written protocols. To screen the spatio-temporal consistence of these raw data, we apply principal component analysis (PCA) in S (spatial) mode for daily precipitation records as well as for indices such as the number of rainy days above a certain threshold, intensity and absolute daily maximum in monthly, seasonal or annual resolution. Results of this screening test indicate that the PCA is a useful tool for detection of questionable stations and data preprocessing for further quality control and homogenization.
Foraminiferal survival after long term experimentally induced anoxia
Authors: Langlet D. , Geslin E. , Baal C. , Metzger E. , Lejzerowicz F. , Riedel B. , Zuschin M. , Pawlowski J. , Stachowitsch M. , Jorissen F. J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Anoxia has been successfully induced in four benthic chambers installed on the Northern Adriatic seafloor from 1 week to 10 months. To accurately determine whether benthic foraminifera can survive experimentally induced prolonged anoxia, the CellTrackerGreen method has been applied. Numerous individuals have been found living at all sampling times and at all sampling depths, showing that benthic foraminifera can survive up to 10 months of anoxia with co-occurring hydrogen sulphides. However, foraminiferal standing stocks decrease with sampling time in an irregular way. A large difference in standing stock between two cores samples in initial conditions indicates the presence of a large spatial heterogeneity of the foraminiferal faunas. An unexpected increase in standing stocks after 1 month is tentatively interpreted as a reaction to increased food availability due to the massive mortality of infaunal macrofaunal organisms. After this, standing stocks decrease again in a core sampled after 2 months of anoxia, to attain a minimum in the cores sampled after 10 months. We speculate that the trend of overall decrease of standing stocks is not due to the adverse effects of anoxia and hydrogen sulphides, but rather due to a continuous diminution of labile organic matter.
Tsunami damping by mangrove forest: a laboratory study using parameterized trees
Authors: Strusińska-Correia A. , Husrin S. , Oumeraci H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Tsunami attenuation by coastal vegetation was examined under laboratory conditions for mature mangroves Rhizophora sp. The developed novel tree parameterization concept, accounting for both bio-mechanical and structural tree properties, allowed to substitute the complex tree structure by a simplified tree model of identical hydraulic resistance. The most representative parameterized mangrove model was selected among the tested models with different frontal area and root density, based on hydraulic test results. The selected parameterized tree models were arranged in a forest model of different width and further tested systematically under varying incident tsunami conditions (solitary waves and tsunami bores). The damping performance of the forest models under these two flow regimes was compared in terms of wave height and force envelopes, wave transmission coefficient as well as drag and inertia coefficients. Unlike the previous studies, the results indicate a significant contribution of the foreshore topography to solitary wave energy reduction through wave breaking in comparison to that attributed to the forest itself. A similar rate of tsunami transmission (ca. 20%) was achieved for both flow conditions (solitary waves and tsunami bores) and the widest forest (75 m in prototype) investigated. Drag coefficient CD attributed to the solitary waves tends to be constant (CD = 1.5) over the investigated range of the Reynolds number.
Total Hip Arthroplasty with Porous Metal Cups following Acetabular Fracture
Authors: Kamath Atul F. , Evangelista Perry J. , Nelson Charles L.
Published: June 2013

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) after acetabular fracture presents unique challenges, including acetabular fixation. Twelve patients with a history of acetabular fracture underwent THA with porous metal cups. The average age was 57 years (range 24-88). THA was performed at an average 20 months from initial fracture. Average follow-up was 39 months (range 24-49). Average WOMAC scores improved from 32 to 79; UCLA scores improved from 1.75 to 5.25. There was one case of acetabular loosening in a renal transplant patient with rheumatoid arthritis. No other patients showed progressive radiolucent lines. At average three-year follow-up, porous metal components afforded improved clinical and radiographic outcomes in the majority of patients. Longer follow-up will determine whether porous metal is a durable option in the management of prior acetabular fracture.
Residual Risk of Hepatitis-B-Infected Blood Donations: Estimation Methods and Perspectives
Authors: Kupek Emil
Published: June 2013

Despite a considerable reduction of the risk of HBV-infected blood donation entering blood supply (residual risk) due to improved screening by HBV NAT in the developed countries, the bulk of the people with HBV living in the developing countries still needs to be screened by serologic tests such as HBsAg and anti-HBc. Many of these countries lack resources for implementing NAT and are likely to remain so in the next decade or longer, thus depending on the HBV residual risk monitoring based on serologic testing and corresponding estimation methods. This paper reviews main HBV residual risk findings worldwide and the methods based on serology used for their calculation with repeat donors, as well as their extension to the first-time donors. Two artificial datasets with high (4.36%) and low (0.48%) HBV prevalence were generated to test the performance of five methods: the original incidence/window-period model based solely on HBsAg, its modification by Soldan in 2003, the Müller-Breitkreutz model, the HBsAg yield model, and its extension to include anti-HBc seroconversions within a year. The last model was closest to the true values of residual risk and had smallest variation of the estimates in both high and low prevalence data. It may be used for residual risk evaluation in relatively small samples, such as regional blood banks data.
USA Standard for a Format for Bibliographic Information Interchange on Magnetic Tape
Authors: Sectional Subcommittee Z39 American Standards Institute
Published: June 2013

The Chairman of the United States of America Standards Institute, Sectional Committee Z39, Library Work and Documentation, has approved publication of the following draft "USA Standard for a Format for Bibliographic Information Interchange on Magnetic Tape" to hasten availability of this fundamental contribution to bibliographic standardization. Two important implementations follow the Standard. Part B of Appendix I is "Preliminary Guidelines for the Library of Congress, National Library of Medicine, and National Agricultural Library Implementation of the Proposed American Standard for a Format for Bibliographic Information Interchange on Magnetic Tape as Applied to Records Representing Monographic Materials in Textual Printed Form (Books)" - more succinctly known as MARC II. Part C is a Committee working paper entitled "Preliminary Committee on Scientific and Technical Information (COSATI) Guidelines for Implementation of the USA Standard."
Book Reviews
Authors: Kilgour Frederick G. , Donohue Joseph C. , Prior John A. , Leimkuhler F. F. , Atkinson Hugh C.
Published: June 2013

Book Reviews
Simon Fraser University Computer Produced Map Catalogue
Authors: Phillips Brian , Rogers Gary
Published: June 2013

An IBM 360/50 computer and magnetic tape are used in a new univer- sity library to produce a map catalogue by area and up to six subiects for each map. Cataloguing is by non-professional staff using the Library of Congress "G, schedule. Author, title, and publisher are in variable length fields, and codes are seldom used for input or interpretation. Ma- chine searches by area, subjects, author, publisher, scale, pro-;ection, date and language can be carried out.
Library Computerization in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kilgour Frederick
Published: June 2013

Library automation in the United Kingdom has evolved rapidly in the past three years. Imaginative, innovative development has produced novel techniques, some of which have yet to be put into practice in the United States. Of greatest importance is the growing cadre of highly effective librarians engaged in development.
The MARC Sort Program
Authors: Rather John C. , Pennington Jerry G.
Published: June 2013

Describes the characte1·istics, performance, and potential of SKED (Sort- Key Edit), a generalized computer program for creating sort keys for MARC II records at the users option. SKED and a modification of the IBM S/360 DOS tape sort/merge program form the basis for a comprehensive program for arranging catalog entries by computer.
KWIC Index to Government Publications
Authors: Norden Margaret
Published: June 2013

United States and United Nations publications were not efficiently proc- essed nor readily available to the reader at Brandeis University Library. Data processing equipment was used to make a list of this material which could be referred to by a computer produced KWIC index. Currency and availability to the user, and time and cost efficiencies for the library were given precedence over detailed subject access. United States and United Nations classification schemes> and existing bibliographies and indexes were used extensively.
Telecommunications Primer
Authors: Becker Joseph
Published: June 2013

A description of modern telecommunications devices which can be useful in inter-library communications, including their capacities, types of signals and carriers. Described are telephone lines, radio broadcasting, coaxial cable, microwave and communications satellites.

This article, and the one following, were presented as tutorials by the author's to participants at the American Library Association's Atlantic City Convention on June 25, 1969.
Book Reviews
Authors: Kilgour Frederick G. , Fuller, M.D. Ellis A. , Hogan Alan D. , Burgess Thomas K.
Published: June 2013

Book Reviews
MARC International
Authors: Coward Richard E.
Published: June 2013

The cooperative development of the Library of Congress MARC II Profect and the British National Bibliography MARC II Project is described and presented as the forerunner of an international MARC network. Emphasis is placed on the necessity for a standard MARC record for international exchange and for acceptance of international standards of cataloging.
MARC Program Research and Development: A Progress Report
Authors: Avram Henriette D. , Crosby Alan S. , Pennington Jerry G. , Rather John C. , Rather Lucia J. , Whitmer Arlene
Published: June 2013

A description of some of the research and development activities at the Library of Congress to expand the capabilities of the MARC System. Gives details of the MARC processing format used by the Library and then describes programming work in three areas: 1) automatic tagging of data elements by format recognition programs; 2) file analysis by a statistical program called GENESIS; and 3) information retrieval using the MARC Retriever.
Book Reviews
Authors: Taylor Robert S. , Rush James E. , Demos John , Rees, Jr. Thomas H. , Kilgour Frederick G. , Orne Jerold , Gorman Michael , Braden Irene
Published: June 2013

Book Reviews
Editorial Board Thoughts: "India Does Not Exist."
Authors: Cyzyk Mark
Published: June 2013

Editorial Board Thoughts: "India Does Not Exist."
Editorial Board Thoughts: Services and User Context in the Era of Webscale Discovery
Authors: Dehmlow Mark
Published: June 2013

Editorial Board Thoughts: Services and User Context in the Era of Webscale Discovery
Retos de la radio en los escenarios de la convergencia digital
Authors: Soengas Pérez Xosé
Published: June 2013

Este artículo analiza la situación actual de la radio española en el nuevo escenario mediático, caracterizado por la convergencia digital, la redefinición de las funciones clásicas de los medios y la evolución constante de una audiencia cada vez más segmentada y más exigente. En la nueva era de la información cambian completamente los códigos y las normas vigentes durante décadas, especialmente aquellas que afectan a los procesos de producción y acceso a la información. Gracias a Internet los contenidos de cualquier soporte están al alcance de los ciudadanos en cualquier momento y desde cualquier lugar, y la radio ya no es el único medio con el don de la instantaneidad y de la ubicuidad. Al perder la exclusividad de una de sus principales características diferenciales tiene que adaptarse a la nueva realidad y competir también con la prensa y con la televisión, que a través de sus páginas web ofrecen servicios informativos y de ficción en condiciones similares a la radio.
An archaeological reconstruction of Saqqaq bows, darts, harpoons, and lances
Authors: Grønnow Bjarne
Published: June 2013

Permafrost-preserved materials from two Saqqaq sites (ca. 3900-2600 BP) in Disko Bay, West Greenland, have provided unique insight into woodworking in the early Arctic Small Tool tradition. Use of driftwood played a decisive role in the complex material culture of Saqqaq society, and analyses of more than 15,000 artifacts, fragments, and wood shavings enable us to reconstruct the woodworking processes and all categories of toolkits. This article presents an archaeological reconstruction of the remarkably diverse and technologically advanced Saqqaq hunting toolkit, which includes darts, harpoons, lances, and bows and arrows—among the earliest preserved specimens in the New World.