bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tradução no contexto das Religiões Japonesas no Brasil.
Authors: Pereira Ronan Alves
Published: November 2019

When the Japanese religions started to open up to the Brazilian society as a whole, back in the 1950s and 60s, they faced the problem of translation: what should be translated? how and who would do the work when there were still few immigrants who dominated the Portuguese idiom? In this article, the author departs from his research experience on Japanese religiosity to discuss certain theoretical aspects about religious translation such as cultural differences, multiplicity of writing systems in the Japanese language, translation as a key element for the religions groups in their propagation strategy of religious groups, and suchlike.
O enredamento das obras literárias japonesas no presente
Authors: Nagae Neide Hissae
Published: November 2019

Based on the vision of the scholar Kato Shuichi (2007) that defends a focus in here = now in the Japanese culture and demonstrated how this characteristics appears in the linguistics options in the literature works that he analyses, this paper aims to do some reflections around the focus in the present time in the Japanese literature. Then, using works about different authors and different times, we intend to do commentaries about the final of some novels that creates an impression that they don’t have a conclusion or that the novel to be continue same as the poem waka when it uses a stylistic recourse known as yoin
Fabian Fukan: as duas faces do cristianismo japonês
Authors: Bernabé Renata Cabral
Published: November 2019

The 17th century Japanese experienced many changes in their lives. The pacification derived from the consolidation of the Tokugawa clan, brought with it many new rules, especially concerning religion. The prohibition of the Christianity, as well as the missionaries’ expulsion was an important facet of this new policy. In this article, we analyze two works by the same author, Fabian Fukan, about Christianity: one defending it and the other criticizing
A memória do imigrante japonês no Brasil e de seus descendentes a partir da literatura: o Nihonjin de Oscar Nakasato
Authors: Tada Elton Vinicius Sadao
Published: November 2019

The present article intend to analyze the memories of the Japanese immigrant in Brazil parting from the romance Nihonjin, of Oscar Nakasato. For this, will be used the tools of Paul Ricoeur’s theory of memory, specially the relation between individual and collective memory, and the abuses of memory. Therefore, the literature will serve as object to be studied with the philosophical tools about memory
A cultura solidária na comunidade nipo-brasileira
Authors: Ikari Luci Tiho
Published: November 2019

This is a short study about Solidarity Culture in the Japanese-Brazilian Community originated within the Japanese immigration in Brazil, taking as an example “mutirão”. It shows the multiplications of the solidarity associations. Finally, identifies the similar facts with Brazilian migrants, in Japan
Mar da fertilidade: um mergulho no vazio e no silêncio
Authors: Lúcio Sobrinho Alexandre
Published: November 2019

This essay intends to analyze how the Buddhist theme of “reincarnation” and the concept of impermanence were used in the work Sea of Fertility, by Yukio Mishima (1925-1970). Besides, it is our intention to prove that the adoption of the Buddhist theme of “reincarnation” as a linking element of each volume of Sea of Fertility deepens the reader into an existential emptiness, both aesthetically and philosophically. Thus, this essay is the experience of a reader, who saw, in a work whose title is Sea of Fertility, paradoxally, an emptiness
Valores intencionais e persuasivos da Língua Japonesa
Authors: Fukasawa Lídia Masumi
Published: November 2019

Partindo da idéia de que a língua é uma conseqüêcia de hábitos socioculturais, este trabalho se propõe a levantar e discutir alguns dos valores convencionais (ou cristalizações) desenvolvidos no interior da cultura japonesa, tidos como consagrados e otimizados pelo seu uso e que determinam e norteiam os mecanismos de argumentação em japonês.
Um projeto para reestruturar o museu histórico da imigração japonesa no Brasil
Authors: Motoyama Shozo
Published: November 2019

The Historical Museum of Japanese Immigration in Brazil (MHIJ) was created in 1978. The Museum initial project was elaborated under direction of Tadao Umesao, japanese anthropologist and museum expert. For the time, it was a modern and advanced plan. But, unfortunately, it was not implanted in its fundamental points. Past 17 years (1995), the situation became worse. The permanent display made old with time, futhermore museum study advanced at the world in this period. In this paper, I discuss the necessity of MHIJ structure change. It is important to come back to Umesao principles and incorporate the museum modern know-how. Whit this aim, I applied the historical method, showing the museum evolution in the history. I concluded that the MHIJ actually need change its structure and has to widen its performance range, if it want better brazilian society insertion.
Information et désinformation dans la presse au début de Uère Meiji
Authors: Séguy Christiane
Published: November 2019

Manipulation de 1’information pendant la Restauration de Meiji (Meiji ishin) et la guerre du sud-ouest (seinan sensci). Législation de presse au début de 1’ère Meiji. Attitude des journaux en période de crise et problémes de l’équilibre entre morale, censure et démagogie.
Os valores sociais na recuperação econômica do Japão após a segunda guerra mundial
Authors: Barbosa Elvino José
Published: November 2019

É muito importante tentarmos entender o milagre japonês através de outros valores além daqueles apontados, valorizados e considerados dentro do âmbito da racionalidade do indivíduo, apontados pela ciência Econômica. Esse é o nosso objetivo nesse trabalho, onde chamaremos a atenção para os valores sociais, importantes fatores na recuperação econômica do Japão após a Segunda Guerra Mundial.
A flor no Butoh de Kazuo Ohno
Authors: Ogawa Felicia Megumi
Published: November 2019

Trata-se de um estudo comparativo sobre as linguagens Butoh e Nô, focalizando o aspecto da interpretação do ator. Os conselhos de Zeami, dirigidos aos atores do teatro Nô, registrados no Livro III do Füshikaden (tratado sobre o teatro Nô, escrito no século XV), serviram como base. Zeami enfatiza a necessidade de os atores polirem incansavelmente sua arte a fim de cativar o coração do público. Fato que só se torna possível aos que conseguirem captar a Flor da interpretação. A análise da interpretação e do pensamento de Kazuo Ohno, nascido em 1906, um dos fundadores da linguagem Butoh e ainda atuante nos palcos do mundo, é a referência para a comparação das duas linguagens. Assim, a busca da Flor de Zeami no universo da arte de Kazuo Ohno foi o fio de Ariadne no labirinto do Butoh.
A poética de Kokin Wakashü
Authors: Wakisaka Geny
Published: November 2019

Tradução do Prefácio da antologia poética Kokin Wakashü, escrito pelo seu organizador Kino Tsurayuki, onde se encontra exposta a poética aristocrática japonesa do início do século X, à qual foram acrescidas breves considerações.
Evolução do auxiliar verbal tempo-aspectual ta- da língua clássica à moderna
Authors: Hashimoto Shirlei Lica Ichisato
Published: November 2019

In the classical Japanese language there were six tense-aspectual verbal auxiliaries: Ki and Keri (past tense verbal auxiliaries) and Tsu, Nu, Tari and Ri (perfective aspect verbal auxiliaries). In the classical Japanese language evolution process to the modem language, these two distinct groups of verbal auxiliaries were reduced to only one verbal auxiliary Ta, originated from the classical languages perfective verbal auxiliary Tari. This study aims to study the Tari’s evolution since the classical language until the modem, demonstraining the variation of points of view during this evolution.
A prática feminina na pintura erótica japonesa pré-moderna
Authors: Cordaro Madalena Natsuko Hashimoto
Published: November 2019

The present article aims to show a few results on an ongoing investigation about female sex performance representations, particularly on the male phallus substitutive implements usage. A great production of aphrodisiacs and pleasure objects was developed throughout Edo period (1603-1868)，and its representations in paintings, prints and illustrated books are shown in a variety of historical times and social surroundings. Female masturbation representation, although more noticeable in places to which male access was limited，also shows itself in the pleasure quarters, where one would think would lack no clients and, surprisingly, also in common townsmen homes. Some selected images will be presented, taken from some painters of the so called genre of ukiyoe shunga, “spring painting”，with its respective inserted texts translations, from the black and white to the multicolored print.
Tradução do conto atravessando a neve, de Miyazawa Kenji: alguns aspectos
Authors: Takahashí Márcia Hitomi
Published: November 2019

In this paper we present a translation to Portuguese of the tale Yuki watari (“Crossing the snow”)，by Miyazawa Kenji, and we discuss about some aspects of the translation process, based on theoretical perspectives. We focus in special the difficulties in translating peculiar elements to another culture, and suggest some possibilities to solve them.
A Voz narrativa e os poemas nos diários literários japoneses-Tosa Nikki e Izumi Shikibu Nikki
Authors: Nagae Neide Hissae
Published: November 2019

Tosa Nikki o Diário de Tosa e Izumi Shikibu Nikki, o Diário de Izumi Shikibu são obras narradas na terceira pessoa do singular e fogem à expectativa criada em tomo de obras como elas que levam o nome de diario. Nesse aspecto, merecem um estudo sobre as implicações que se ocultam sob tal estruturação, suas causas e conseqüências na interpretação das respectivas obras e na formação do Diário Literário japonês no âmbito da Literatura Feminina que floresceu entre os séculos X e XI.
O código dos Budas
Authors: Chamas Fernando Carlos
Published: November 2019

Algumas esculturas budistas possuem letras sánscritas inscritas em seus corpos. Estas marcas enigmáticas são partes da obra-prima e revelam um diálogo muito antigo entre âs linguagens artística e ideográfica.
Algumas considerações acerca de Uji Shûi Monogatari
Authors: Icimoto Luiza Nana
Published: November 2019

(Coletânea de Contos de Uji).
O japonês e o seu relacionamento com a natureza
Authors: Asam Tooru
Published: November 2019

(Conferência proferida pelo Prof. Tooru Asamí, Prof. visitante da Universidade Gifu, junto à USP, no dia 25 de junho de 1983, no Grêmio Urasenke de São Paulo}
Prevalence and co-occurrence of modifiable risk factors in adults and older people
Authors: Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo , Assumpção Daniela De , Borim Flávia Silva Arbex , Senicato Caroline , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the co-occurrence of the major risk factors for chronic diseases in adults (18-59 years old) and older people (≥ 60 years old) living in Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with population-based data from 35,448 adults and 18,726 older people collected in the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (System of Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey – Vigitel) in 2015. The prevalence of each of the five risk factors (smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, alcohol and unhealthy diet) was estimated, as well as their co-occurrence for the different possible combinations, according to socioeconomic and health self-assessment variables. The independent associations were verified via multinomial logistic regression to obtain the estimates of the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: At least two risk factors were present in 38.5% of the adults and 37.0% of the older participants. The male adults and older participants who did not have private health insurance and classified their health as average or poor/very poor were more likely to have two or more concurrent risk behaviors. The greater chance of co-occurrence of smoking and alcohol abuse in adults (adjusted OR = 3.52) and older people (adjusted OR = 2.94) stands out. CONCLUSIONS: The subgroups with increased risk of developing multiple unhealthy behaviors and the most prevalent behaviors were identified. These findings are expected to contribute to the better targeting of health promotion and preventive care. It is worth noting that, for the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, macro-social and inter-sectoral policies are more effective.
Mental disorders and suicide risk in emerging adulthood: the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort
Authors: Gomes Ana Paula , Soares Ana Luiza G. , Kieling Christian , Rohde Luis Augusto , Gonçalves Helen
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of some mental disorders and suicide risk, and the association between them in youths. METHODS: Data from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) was used. The prevalence of mental disorders at 22 years [major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorders type 1 and 2 (BD1; BD2), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and antisocial personality disorder (APD)] and of suicide risk were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (n = 3,781). Comorbidity between disorders was also assessed. Association of each mental disorder and the number of disorders with suicide risk was assessed using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of any mental disorder was 19.1% (95%CI 17.8–20.3), and GAD was the most prevalent (10.4%; 95%CI 9.5–11.4). The prevalence of current suicide risk was 8.8% (95%CI 5.9–9.7). All disorders (except APD) and the suicide risk were higher among women. Mental disorders were associated with a higher suicide risk, with the highest risks being observed for MDD (RR = 5.6; 95%CI 4.1–7.8) and PTSD (RR = 5.0; 95%CI 3.9–6.3). The higher the number of co-occurring mental disorders, the higher the risk of suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that about 20% of the youths had at least one mental disorder. However, this prevalence is underestimated since other relevant mental disorders were not assessed. Mental disorders were associated with higher suicide risk, especially the comorbidity between them
Regulatory framework for dietary supplements and the public health challenge
Authors: Molin Thaís Ramos Dal , Leal Gabriela Camera , Muratt Diana Tomazzi , Marcon Gabriela Zanella , Carvalho Leandro Machado de , Viana Carine
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: The new regulatory framework for dietary supplements in Brazil prompted this analysis of the current outlook of these products and the challenges posed by the new guidelines. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative, observational and descriptive study of dietary supplements commercialized in Brazilian online stores with the help of the Google® search tool. We considered the ingredients on the labels, the effects attributed to these products and the commercial claims used as a means of promoting them to assess the necessary changes for the legal framework in the new guidelines. Finally, with the help of a database, we compared the effects declared by the manufacturers and attributed to certain ingredients with the scientific evidence described in literature. RESULTS: In total, we purchased 44 dietary supplements from Brazilian online stores (n = 7). Of the samples studied, 34.2% could not be classified in the category Dietary Supplements, as recommended by the new regulation of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency due to the presence of prohibited substances; 16% of products should be commercialized as medicines. Regarding the commercial appeals, 97.7% had banned expressions. Numerous claims of effects attributed to certain products were characterized as consumer fraud because they have no scientific evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The necessary changes represent a major regulatory and production challenge due to the wide range of dietary supplements and markets, an effort that aims to protect the consumers’ health. Some previous gaps in the regulatory framework were not fully solved.
Factors associated with inadequate follow-up of children with congenital syphilis
Authors: Cavalcante Ana Nery Melo , Araújo Maria Alix Leite , Nobre Marina Arrais , Almeida Rosa Lívia Freitas de
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with outpatient follow-up of children with congenital syphilis. METHODS: A non-concurrent cohort study performed in primary care units and three reference maternity hospitals in Fortaleza (Ceará State). Data were collected from September 2013 to September 2016 in the notification forms and in the medical records of hospitalization and outpatient follow-up, and they were presented considering an adequate and inadequate follow-up. Children who attended the primary care unit or referral outpatient clinic during the period recommended by the Ministry of Health were considered adequately followed up and performed the recommended examinations. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used in the comparative analysis. The estimated risk of adequate non-follow-up was verified by simple and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The total of 460 children with congenital syphilis were notified, of which 332 (72.2%) returned for at least one appointment and were part of the study. Exactly 287 (86.4%) children attended the primary health unit; however, there was no reference to congenital syphilis in 236 (71.1%) medical records and no information on the venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test was found in 264 (79.5%) children. There was nonadherence to subsequent appointments by 272 (81.9%) individuals. The following variables had a statistically significant association with the non-adequate follow-up of the children: marital status of the mothers, number of prenatal appointments, number of pregnancies, blood count, and radiography of long bones. CONCLUSIONS: Most children with congenital syphilis attended primary care for follow-up, but the services do not meet the recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Health for adequate follow-up.
Yellow fever: profile of cases and factors associated with death in a hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro, 2017–2018
Authors: Escosteguy Claudia Caminha , Pereira Alessandra Gonçalves Lisbôa , Marques Marcio Renan Vinícius Espínola , Lima Tatiana Rodrigues de Araujo , Galliez Rafael Mello , Medronho Roberto De Andrade
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of confirmed cases of yellow fever whose patients were hospitalized in a general hospital for infectious diseases in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from March 11, 2017 to June 15, 2018, during a recent outbreak and factors associated with death. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study with analysis of secondary databases of local epidemiological surveillance system, and complementary data collection from epidemiological investigation records and clinical records. Study variables included demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data. A descriptive statistical analysis and a bivariate and multivariate analysis by logistic regression were performed to analyze factors associated with death. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients diagnosed with yellow fever were hospitalized, 86.5% male patients, median age 49.5 years, 40.4% rural workers. The most frequent signs and symptoms were fever (90.4%), jaundice (86.5%), nausea and/or vomiting (69.2%), changes in renal excretion (53.8%), bleeding (50%), and abdominal pain (48.1%), with comorbidity in 38.5% of all cases. The lethality rate was 40.4%. Factors significantly associated with a higher chance of death in the bivariate analysis were: bleeding, changes in renal excretion, and maximum values of direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine. In the multivariate analysis by logistic regression, only changes in renal excretion and ALT remained significant predictors of higher chance of death. A threshold effect was also observed for AST. The cutoff points identified as high risk for death were ALT > 4,000 U/L and AST > 6,000 U/L. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributed to the knowledge on the profile of confirmed cases of high severity yellow fever. The main factors associated with death were changes in renal excretion and elevated serum transaminases, especially ALT. High lethality emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and treatment, and the importance of increasing vaccination coverage.
Impact of Sapien 3 Balloon-Expandable Versus Evolut R Self-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients With Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Deharo Pierre , Bisson Arnaud , Herbert Julien , Lacour Thibaud , Saint Etienne Christophe , Grammatico-Guillon Leslie , Porto Alizée , Collart Frederic , Bourguignon Thierry , Cuisset Thomas , Fauchier Laurent
Published: November 2019

Background:

Two competing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) technologies are currently available. Head-to-head comparisons of the relative performances of these 2 devices have been published. However, long-term clinical outcome evaluation remains limited by the number of patients analyzed, in particular, for recent-generation devices.

Methods:

Based on the French administrative hospital-discharge database, the study collected information for all consecutive patients treated with a TAVR device commercialized in France between 2014 and 2018. Propensity score matching was used for the analysis of outcomes during follow-up. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of TAVR according to Sapien 3 balloon-expandable (BE) versus Evolut R self-expanding TAVR technology at a nationwide level in France.

Results:

A total of 31 113 patients treated with either Sapien 3 BE or Evolut R self-expanding TAVR were found in the database. After matching on baseline characteristics, 20 918 patients were analyzed (10 459 in each group with BE or self-expanding valves). During follow-up (mean [SD], 358 [384]; median [interquartile range], 232 [10–599] days), BE TAVR was associated with a lower yearly incidence of all-cause death (relative risk, 0.88; corrected
P
=0.005), cardiovascular death (relative risk, 0.82; corrected
P
=0.002), and rehospitalization for heart failure (relative risk, 0.84; corrected
P
<0.0001). BE TAVR was also associated with lower rates of pacemaker implantation after the procedure (relative risk, 0.72; corrected
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:

On the basis of the largest cohort available, we observed that Sapien 3 BE valves were associated with lower rates of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, rehospitalization for heart failure, and pacemaker implantation after a TAVR procedure.
Metastable Atrial State Underlies the Primary Genetic Substrate for MYL4 Mutation-Associated Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ghazizadeh Zaniar , Kiviniemi Tuomas , Olafsson Sigurast , Plotnick David , Beerens Manu E. , Zhang Kun , Gillon Leah , Steinbaugh Michael J. , Barrera Victor , Sui Shannan Ho , Werdich Andreas A. , Kapur Sunil , Eranti Antti , Gunn Jarmo , Jalkanen Juho , Airaksinen Juhani , Kleber Andre G. , Hollmén Maija , MacRae Calum A.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical arrhythmia and is associated with heart failure, stroke, and increased mortality. The myocardial substrate for AF is poorly understood because of limited access to primary human tissue and mechanistic questions around existing in vitro or in vivo models.

Methods:

Using an
MYH6:mCherry
knock-in reporter line, we developed a protocol to generate and highly purify human pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes displaying physiological and molecular characteristics of atrial cells. We modeled human
MYL4
mutants, one of the few definitive genetic causes of AF. To explore non–cell-autonomous components of AF substrate, we also created a zebrafish
Myl4
knockout model, which exhibited molecular, cellular, and physiologic abnormalities that parallel those in humans bearing the cognate mutations.

Results:

There was evidence of increased retinoic acid signaling in both human embryonic stem cells and zebrafish mutant models, as well as abnormal expression and localization of cytoskeletal proteins, and loss of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen. To identify potentially druggable proximate mechanisms, we performed a chemical suppressor screen integrating multiple human cellular and zebrafish in vivo endpoints. This screen identified Cx43 (connexin 43) hemichannel blockade as a robust suppressor of the abnormal phenotypes in both models of MYL4 (myosin light chain 4)–related atrial cardiomyopathy. Immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed an interaction between MYL4 and Cx43 with altered localization of Cx43 hemichannels to the lateral membrane in
MYL4
mutants, as well as in atrial biopsies from unselected forms of human AF. The membrane fraction from MYL4-/- human embryonic stem cell derived atrial cells demonstrated increased phospho-Cx43, which was further accentuated by retinoic acid treatment and by the presence of risk alleles at the Pitx2 locus. PKC (protein kinase C) was induced by retinoic acid, and PKC inhibition also rescued the abnormal phenotypes in the atrial cardiomyopathy models.

Conclusions:

These data establish a mechanistic link between the transcriptional, metabolic and electrical pathways previously implicated in AF substrate and suggest novel avenues for the prevention or therapy of this common arrhythmia.
The Author’s Two Bodies: The Death of Qu Yuan and the Birth of Chuci zhangju 楚辭章句
Authors: Du Heng
Published: November 2019

While recent studies of early Chinese texts increasingly eschew the term “author,” the present article defends the utility of this term by proposing a generalizable framework for conceptualizing author claims. Using Qu Yuan as a case study, I demonstrate that the construction of the author, both historical and putative, uniquely contributes to the finalization—rather than the creation—of texts, transforming open and evolving textual traditions into closed and stabilized entities. The creation of the author thus stands at the threshold between textual production and reception, often serving as an indispensable condition for the latter. By applying this approach to the study of the Chuci zhangju, I offer a new definition of the textual strata within this compilation.
Master Shanghong (738?-815 CE) and the Formation of Regional Vinaya Traditions in Tang Buddhism
Authors: Sokolova Anna
Published: November 2019

After the An Lushan Rebellion in 755, southern China witnessed the rise of the Vinaya movement. Essential sources on the local southern Vinaya communities include writings by scholar–officials who held posts in the southern prefectures. This paper focuses on two stele inscriptions for the Vinaya Master Shanghong 上宏 (738?-815) composed by the literatus Bai Juyi 白居易 (772-846) and Liu Ke 劉軻 (?-?) during their journeys to Jiangxi. These inscriptions enable us to identify Shanghong as one of the foremost Vinaya authorities in Jiangxi, to trace the dynamics and course of the development of ordination centers there, and to witness the shaping of a local Vinaya community there as part of a larger development of the Vinaya tradition in southern China during the mid-Tang period.
The Significance and Dynamics of the Marriages of Imperial Princes in the Political Plans of the Hongwu Emperor
Authors: Beibei Zhan
Published: November 2019

The Hongwu emperor’s marriage arrangements between members of the noblity and his own children, particularly the imperial princes, are widely recognized as efforts to centralize imperial power. On the other hand, a rivalry for power has been assumed between the nobles and imperial princes. Some scholars even suggested that the ruler intended to first affiliate with the nobles and then to eliminate them. This essay first explains that the significance of these marriages lay in the reproduction and sustainability of the system of princedoms, which Hongwu held in high regard. Then through an extensive analysis of the development of the system of princedoms and the marriages involved, a comparison between the marriages of the princes and princesses, and a study of the fates of purged in-laws, this essay demonstrates that Hongwu’s marriage arrangements for the princes were crucial to his institutional and political designs for the empire.
A Mountain of Saints and Sages: Muslims in the Landscape of Popular Religion in Late Imperial China
Authors: Brown Tristan G.
Published: November 2019

Near the beginning of the Qing dynasty (1636-1912), the mausoleum of a Sufi saint, the Pavilion of Lingering Illumination, was constructed on an ancient Daoist mountain in the town of Baoning, Sichuan province. Over the following centuries, the shrine became one of the most heavily patronized religious sites in the province. There, state officials oversaw rain-making rituals, local gentry supplicated for success in the civil examinations, and Manchu bannermen bestowed dedications celebrating the empire’s military campaigns in Xinjiang. While Qing officials recognized it as an Islamic site, many of the town’s residents treated it like any other Chinese shrine, emphasizing its connections to the region’s fengshui and its efficacy for rain-making. Through exploring the shrine’s history, this article provides a new window into Islam as a “local religion” in China, a survey of the flexible religious contours of the imperial state, and a richer understanding of Qing patronage for the institutions of minority groups. It argues that this Islamic site played a central role in the wider social life and governance of the area.
Inequality and Economic Growth in Asia and the Pacific Region
Authors: Azam Muhammad
Published: November 2019

The broad objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of inequality and other explanatory variables, including inflation, foreign direct investment, human capital, and migrant workers’ remittances, on economic growth using a panel of 13 Asia and the Pacific countries between 1996 and 2008. According to the results of the Hausman test, the random-effects model was preferred over the fixed-effects model in most of the equations. Empirical results reveal the significantly negative effect of inequality on economic growth. The empirical findings also suggest that the mitigation of inequality is indispensable for achieving inclusive development in the true sense. For this purpose, however, the implementation of fiscal policy option is a necessity, whereas persistent food security through agribusiness also should not be overlooked to achieve lower levels of inequality and enhance inclusive growth and development in the region.
Die Reform der Loskaufscheidung (ḫulʿ): Lehren aus Saudi-Arabien
Authors: Krell Dominik
Published: November 2019

In 2000, the Egyptian state introduced a new law that granted women the right to file for unilateral khulʿ divorce, a step that resulted in huge controversy inside and outside the country. In Saudi Arabia, a similar development had taken place before the Egyptian reform, however, without any noticeable interference by the state. Today, Saudi Arabia is the last Arab country without a comprehensive codification of the law. Instead of applying written state laws, Saudi family courts derive their judgments from Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). This article examines how Saudi Islamic scholars (ʿulamāʾ) have reinterpreted the traditional Islamic understanding of khulʿ divorce and thereby enabled women to divorce against their husbands’ will. Subsequently, the article shows how Saudi courts presently apply this new understanding of khulʿ divorce in their judgments.
Religious-Philosophical Contingency and Empirical Theology
Authors: Wuchterl Kurt
Published: November 2019

The existentially important problem of contingency has in recent times been the topic of discussion not only in the philosophy of religion, but also in psychology, in sociology and especially in empirical theology. In the theory of the experience of contingency developed here, “contingency” is first clarified by differentiating the meanings of “necessity”, which makes it possible to distinguish several fundamental personal patterns of behaviour in dealing with contingencies. Since both the purely scientific considerations as well as those relating to reason have reached their limits, the focus is on the meaning of contingency in religion. The central point at issue is what lies beyond the limits of reason. Naturalists and immanent agnostics judge responses to contingency differently from religious agnostics and adherents of institutionalised religions.—Finally, by applying the notion of a latent philosophy as a basis for these religious-philosophical reflections, it becomes a bridge to empirical theology, which attempts to mold the individual ways of dealing with contingency into being practically applicable.
Tragedy as Contingency Acknowledgement: Towards a Practical Religious-Scientific Theory
Authors: van Dalen Egbert , Scherer-Rath Michael , van Laarhoven Hanneke , Wiegers Gerard , Hermans Chris
Published: November 2019

According to philosopher of religion Kurt Wuchterl, contingency acknowledgement (German: Kontingenzanerkennung) means that rational thinking is inadequate for explaining contingency experiences. The authors argue that, in the tragic narrative of a contingency experience, subjects face limitations in three dimensions: in the individual, social and transcending dimensions. The individual dimension is expressed in powerful, visual metaphors for the confrontation with forces that do not take the human dimension into account in any way, even coercing the subjects to relinquish their existence. The social dimension concerns the tragic subject’s feeling of being avoided and excluded by some individuals in their environment. The transcending dimension emerges in the complaint “Why me?”, which religious persons address to a religious power, using moral arguments. Empirical research suggests that the acknowledgement of one’s own limitations resulting from a contingency experience can be seen as a sign of strength rather than weakness, for, by doing so, one shows the courage to let go of past interpretative frameworks and be vulnerable. This creates the possibility of an opening in the interpretation crisis, which can lead to an unexpected, new perspective.
Reconstructing Disruptive Life Events Using the RE-LIFE Questionnaire: Further Validation of the ‘Narrative Meaning Making of Life Events’ Model Using Multiple Mediation Analysis
Authors: Hartog Iris D. , Scherer-Rath Michael , Oreel Tom H. , Netjes Justine E. , Henriques José P.S. , Lemkes Jorrit , Vonk Alexander , Sprangers Mirjam A.G. , Nieuwkerk Pythia T. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W.M.
Published: November 2019

The theoretical model: ‘Narrative meaning making and integration of life events’ hypothesizes that life events such as falling ill may result in an ‘experience of contingency’. Through narrative meaning making, this experience may be eventually integrated into patients’ life stories, which, in turn, may enhance their quality of life. To contribute to our understanding of this existential dimension of falling ill and to further validate the theoretical model, we examined the relationships among the concepts assessed with the RE-LIFE questionnaire.

Two hypothesized mediation models were assessed using regression-based serial multiple mediation analysis. Model 1, assessing the influence of ‘experience of contingency’ on ‘acknowledging’, was significant and showed partial mediation by indirect influences through ‘negative impact on life goals’ and ‘existential meaning’. Model 2, assessing the influence of ‘experience of contingency’ on ‘quality of life’, was also significant, with a full mediation by the variables ‘negative impact on life goals’, ‘existential meaning’ and ‘acknowledging’. In conclusion, several hypothesized relationships within the theoretical model were confirmed. Narrative meaning making and integration significantly influence people’s self-evaluation of their quality of life.
Contingency and Meaning-Focused Coping
Authors: Pieper Jos
Published: November 2019

This article examines the similarities and differences between a religious-philosophical approach to contingency and a (religious) psychological approach to coping with health problems. We elaborate on theoretical and empirical developments in research on coping, meaning-focused coping and religious coping. Religious coping is seen as a special form of meaning-focused coping. These coping perspectives are related to Wuchterl’s model for dealing with contingency and an extension of this model, based on Dutch empirical research among cancer patients.
Contingency as a Central Challenge in Research Processes: Methodological Aspects
Authors: Kraml Martina
Published: November 2019

This article focuses on the methodological meaning of the concept of contingency. I illustrate this with a study of doctoral qualification processes, which examines the methodological and substantive dimensions of the contingency paradigm. The study focuses on the way in which doctoral students perceive and conceptualize their research processes, and it crystallized the factors that influence the writing of their dissertations. Horizons of meaning and epistemic concepts, for example, play an essential role. These influence the areas of conflict that arise, the strategies for acting that the doctoral students opt for, and the consequences that result from these strategies. Dealing with contingency turns out to be the central challenge, especially in the supervision of dissertations. The study demonstrates the importance of developing competencies in “contingency encounter” in research and teaching.
A Curious Case of Contingency: the Buddha and Buddhists on Caste
Authors: van der Velde Paul
Published: November 2019

A meeting in South India (Bylakuppe) with a group of Buddhists, followers of the low-caste politician Ambedkar led to a closer investigation of the often found idea that the Buddha opposed the caste system. In this contribution we focus on the tension between the generally held ideas if it comes to the Buddha’s attitude of the caste system (rejection) and everyday practice of a modern group of followers. For this, apart from the exposure in Bylakuppe several episodes from the Pali canon were investigated. It was the unexpected course and the end of the meeting in Byalakuppe that brought the researcher to this reflection, surprised as he was by the course of events. This lead to a renewed reading of several of the ancient sources that are usually brought forward if it comes to the Buddha and caste distinctions. In his own words, a case of ‘creative contingency’ ensuing in a reflection that things were yet more complicated than they seemed to be at first sight. Methodologically speaking one could say this is a field observation that led to a further reflection and a closer investigation of ancient textual sources.
Between Fiction and Reality: The Vienna Jewish Cabaret as a Mirror of Vienna Jewish Speech
Authors: Schäfer Lea
Published: November 2019

This article shows what we can learn from Vienna Jewish cabaret, so-called Jargontheater ‘jargon theater’ and the language situation of Vienna Jews at the end of the 19th century. By analyzing one of the most popular plays of this genre, we can see how structures from Yiddish dialects fused with Viennese German and what may have caused ‘Vienna Jewish speech,’ a Judeo-German city variety in the First Austrian Republic (1920s and 1930s).
Parental Empowerment, Involvement, and Satisfaction: A Comparison of Choosers of Charter, Catholic, Christian, and District-Run Public Schools
Authors: Hamlin Daniel , Cheng Albert
Published: November 2019

Purpose: This study investigates parental empowerment, involvement, and satisfaction in charter, Catholic, Christian, and district-run public schools. The analyses of these indicators across school types also differentiate parents who chose district-run public schools through residential selection from those who did not. Research Design: A survey of 1,699 parents residing in Indiana was linked to school-level administrative data for the analyses. Parents in schools of choice were first compared with parents in district-run public schools using controls for demographic, school, and geographic characteristics. Parents in schools of choice were then compared with parents who chose district-run public schools through residential selection. Findings: Patterns were largely consistent with charter, Christian, and Catholic schools exhibiting greater parental empowerment, involvement, and satisfaction relative to district-run public schools. However, when parents in these schools of choice were compared with parents who chose district-run public schools through residential selection, these differences decreased. Strong negative relationships with parental empowerment, involvement, and satisfaction were observed for parents who did not choose district-run public schools through residential selection. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of parental selection into district-run public schools through choice of residence—a typically unobserved form of school selection in the literature. In district-run public schools, results suggest that deliberate strategies may be needed to support nonchoosers. Findings also indicate a need for future research on possible approaches that leaders use in different school types that contribute to greater parental empowerment, involvement, and satisfaction.
Titling Practices and Their Implications in Communication Research 1970-2010: Cutesy Cues Carry Citation Consequences
Authors: Keating David M. , Richards Adam S. , Palomares Nicholas A. , Banas John A. , Joyce Nick , Rains Stephen A.
Published: November 2019

In order to better understand the state, evolution, and impact of titling practices in the field of communication, we examine the prevalence of stylistic cues in journal article titles and whether such cues predict subsequent citations. We employed a stratified random sample of articles published in 22 communication journals between 1970 and 2010 ( N = 2,400). Although authors have increasingly used stylistic cues in academic titles, articles with titles containing such cues were cited less frequently. Journal impact modified this relationship: The presence of a stylistic title was associated with more citations if the article was published in a lower impact journal, but fewer citations if it was published in a higher impact journal. Taken together, the results highlight a tension between authors’ attempts to distinguish their work in an increasingly crowded marketplace and readers’ general reluctance to cite scholarship containing stylistic title cues.
Parental reports of communicative development at the age of 36 months: The Estonian CDI-III
Authors: Tulviste Tiia , Schults Astra
Published: November 2019

Parental reports are a widely-used source of information about infants’ and toddlers’ communicative skills, but parent-report instruments valid for children older than 30 months are less known. This study explored individual variability in children’s communicative skills at the age of 3;0 via parental reports using the Estonian (E) CDI-III. The validity of ECDI-III was established through correlations with another parent-report instrument (ECDI-II) and a standardized examiner-administered language assessment (New Reynell Developmental Language Scales; NRDLS). A hundred Estonian-speaking children ( M age = 35.77 months, age range from 34 to 39 months; 20 of them with reported language difficulties) participated in the study. Relations between different communicative skills and the impact of such factors as the child’s gender, maternal and paternal education, reported language difficulties, the number of siblings, and day care attendance on variability in vocabulary size were also considered. The results showed that the ECDI-III components were moderately to strongly associated with each other, with the ECDI-II and NRDLS. Children with reported language difficulties scored lower on all language measures, except for orthographic awareness. Girls, children of more educated mothers, children with older siblings, and those who had attended day care for more months obtained higher vocabulary scores.
The Lost Good Self: Why the whistleblower is hated and stigmatized
Authors: Stein Mark
Published: November 2019

In this paper I develop a new explanation that furthers our understanding of why whistleblowers are frequently hated and stigmatized. I call into question the implicit assumption in the literature that whistleblowers are hated and stigmatized exclusively because they represent the ‘other’. Instead, I take a different view and argue that, especially where staff have a moral commitment to their work, whistleblowers may also be felt to be problematic because they unconsciously represent the lost good ‘self’ of staff members. I draw on Kleinian psychoanalytic ideas in developing theory, and use the crisis at the Mid Staffordshire National Health Service Trust in the UK as a contemporary case illustration. This paper contributes to the whistleblower literature as well as to the literature that applies psychoanalytic ideas to the study of management and organization, and it also identifies areas for future research.
SURE Test Accuracy for Decisional Conflict Screening among Parents Making Decisions for Their Child
Authors: Boland Laura , Légaré France , McIsaac Daniel I. , Graham Ian D. , Taljaard Monica , Dècary Simon , Stacey Dawn
Published: November 2019

Background. We aimed to validate the SURE test for use with parents in primary care. Methods. A secondary analysis of cluster randomized trial data was used to compare the SURE test (index, higher score = less conflict) to the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS; reference, higher score = greater conflict). Our a priori hypothesis was that the scales would correlate negatively. We evaluated the association between scores and estimated the proportion of variance in the DCS explained by the SURE test. Then, we dichotomized each measure using established cutoffs to calculate diagnostic accuracy and internal consistency with confidence intervals adjusted for clustering. We evaluated the presence of effect modification by sex, followed by sex-specific calculation of validation statistics. Results. In total, 185 of 201 parents completed a DCS and SURE test. Total DCS (mean = 4.2/100, SD = 14.3) and SURE test (median 4/4; interquartile range, 4–4) scores were significantly correlated (ρ = −0.36, P < 0.0001). The SURE test explained 34% of the DCS score variance. Internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson 20) was 0.38 ( P < 0.0001). SURE test sensitivity and specificity for identifying decisional conflict were 32% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20%–44%) and 96% (95% CI, 93%–100%), respectively. The SURE test’s positive likelihood ratio was 8.4 (95% CI, 0.1–17) and its negative likelihood ratio was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.53–0.87). There were no significant differences between females and males in DCS ( P = 0.5) or SURE test ( P = 0.97) total scores; however, correlations between test total scores (–0.37 for females v. for –0.21 for males; P = 0.001 for the interaction) and sensitivity and specificity were higher for females than males. Conclusions. SURE test demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties for screening decisional conflict among parents making a health decision about their child in primary care. However, clinicians cannot be confident that a negative SURE test rules out the presence of decisional conflict.