bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterial accumulation in boiling brines enhances epithermal bonanzas
Authors: Cano Néstor , González-Jiménez José M. , Camprubí Antoni , Domínguez-Carretero Diego , González-Partida Eduardo , Proenza Joaquín A.
Published: September 2023

Epithermal bonanza-type ores, characterized by weight-percent contents of e.g., gold and silver in a few mm to cm, are generated by mixtures of magmatic-derived hydrothermal brines and external fluids (e.g., meteoric) that transport a variety of metals to the site of deposition. However, the low solubilities of precious metals in hydrothermal fluids cannot justify the high concentrations necessary to produce such type of hyper-enriched metal ore. Here we show that boiling metal-bearing brines can produce, aggregate, and accumulate metal nanomaterials, ultimately leading to focused gold + silver ± copper over-enrichments. We found direct nano-scale evidence of nanoparticulate gold- and/or silver-bearing ores formed via nonclassical growth (i.e., nanomaterial attachment) during boiling in an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal bonanza. The documented processes may explain the generation of bonanzas in metal-rich brines from a range of mineral deposit types.
Efficient symptomatic treatment and viral load reduction for children with influenza virus infection by nasal-spraying Bacillus spore probiotics
Authors: Tran Tu Thanh , Phung Thuy Thi Bich , Tran Dien Minh , Bui Huyen Thi , Nguyen Phuc Thanh Thi , Vu Tam Thi , Ngo Nga Thi Phuong , Nguyen Mai Thi , Nguyen Anh Hoa , Nguyen Anh Thi Van
Published: September 2023

Influenza virus is a main cause of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children. This is the first double-blind, randomized, and controlled clinical trial examining the efficacy of nasal-spraying probiotic LiveSpo Navax, which contains 5 billion of Bacillus subtilis and B. clausii spores in 5 mL, in supporting treatment of influenza viral infection in pediatric patients. We found that the nasal-spraying Bacillus spores significantly shortened the recovery period and overall treatment by 2 days and increased treatment effectiveness by 58% in resolving all ARTIs’ symptoms. At day 2, the concentrations of influenza virus and co-infected bacteria were reduced by 417 and 1152 folds. Additionally, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 in nasopharyngeal samples were reduced by 1.1, 3.7, and 53.9 folds, respectively. Compared to the standard control group, treatment regimen with LiveSpo Navax demonstrated significantly greater effectiveness, resulting in 26-fold reduction in viral load, 65-fold reduction in bacterial concentration, and 1.1–9.5-fold decrease in cytokine levels. Overall, nasal-spraying Bacillus spores can support the symptomatic treatment of influenza virus-induced ARTIs quickly, efficiently and could be used as a cost-effective supportive treatment for respiratory viral infection in general.

Clinical trial registration no: NCT05378022 on 17/05/2022.
Clinical characteristics and cytokine profiles of adult obese asthma with type2 inflammation
Authors: To Masako , Arimoto Yoshihito , Honda Natsue , Kurosawa Yusuke , Haruki Kosuke , To Yasuo
Published: September 2023

Obesity-related non-eosinophilic asthma has been identified as a phenotype of asthma. However, mepolizumab and omalizumab improve asthma control in severe asthma with obesity, implying that type-2 cytokines may be involved in the deterioration of control in obese asthma. Despite this, the clinical details of obese asthma with positive type-2 inflammation markers have not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with obese asthma with positive type-2 inflammation markers. Adult obese asthmatic patients were enrolled and were classified into two groups: obese asthma with positive type-2 inflammation markers (T2) and obese asthma with negative type-2 inflammation markers (NT2), then data were compared. In total, 434 patients were enrolled (85% of patients were at GINA therapy step 4–5). The T2 group had a higher proportion of patients with persistent asthma since childhood and with allergic rhinitis. A higher percentage of patients used high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and experienced acute exacerbations (annual exacerbation ratio ≥ 1) in the T2 group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the T2 group was independently associated with younger age, comorbidity of allergic rhinitis, persistent asthma since childhood, use of high-dose ICS, and acute exacerbation rate ≥ 1. Adipocytokine levels were similar between the groups. Collectively, obese asthma with positive type-2 inflammation markers is characterised by a higher percentage of persistent asthma since childhood and more severe asthma.
Learning hyperparameter predictors for similarity-based multidisciplinary topology optimization
Authors: Bujny Mariusz , Yousaf Muhammad Salman , Zurbrugg Nathan , Detwiler Duane , Menzel Stefan , Ramnath Satchit , Rios Thiago , Duddeck Fabian
Published: September 2023

Topology optimization (TO) plays a significant role in industry by providing engineers with optimal material distributions based exclusively on the information about the design space and loading conditions. Such approaches are especially important for current multidisciplinary design tasks in industry, where the conflicting criteria often lead to very unintuitive solutions. Despite the progress in integrating manufacturing constraints into TO, one of the main factors restricting the use of TO in practice is the users’ limited control of the final material distribution. To address this problem, recently, a universal methodology for enforcing similarity to reference structures in various TO methods by applying scaling of elemental energies was proposed. The method, however, requires an expensive hyperparameter sampling, which involves running multiple TO processes to find the design of a given similarity to a reference structure. In this article, we propose a novel end-to-end approach for similarity-based TO, which integrates a machine learning model to predict the hyperparameters of the method, and provide the engineer, at minimal computational cost, with a design satisfying multidisciplinary criteria expressed by the similarity to a reference. The training set for the model is generated based on an academic linear elastic problem, but the model generalizes well to both nonlinear dynamic crash and industrial-scale TO problems. We show the latter by applying the proposed methodology to a real-world multidisciplinary TO problem of a car hood frame, which demonstrates the usefulness of the approach in industrial settings.
Selenobaculum gbiensis gen. nov. sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from the gut microbiota of a patient with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Yeo Soyoung , Park Hyunjoon , Kim Heebal , Ryu Chang Beom , Huh Chul Sung
Published: September 2023

The human gut microbiota is a complex ecology comprising approximately 10 to 100 trillion microbial cells. Most of the bacteria detected by 16s rRNA sequencing have yet to be cultured, but intensive attempts to isolate the novel bacteria have improved our knowledge of the gut microbiome composition and its roles within human host. In our culturomics study, a novel gram-negative, motile, obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strain ICN-92133T, was isolated from a fecal sample of a 26-year-old patient with Crohn’s disease. Based on the 16s rRNA sequence of strain ICN-92133T, the phylogeny analysis placed the strain into the family Selenomonadaceae, showing 93.91% similarity with the closely related Massilibacillus massiliensis strain DSM 102838T. Strain ICN-92133T exhibited a genome size of 2,679,003 bp with a GC content of 35.5% which was predicted to contain 26 potential virulence factors and five antimicrobial resistance genes. In comparative genomic analysis, strain ICN-92133T showed digital DNA–DNA Hybridization and OrthoANI values lower than 21.9% and 71.9% with the closest type strains, respectively. In addition, comparing phenotypic, biochemical, and cellular fatty acids with those of closely related strains revealed the distinctiveness of strain ICN-92133T. Based on the taxonogenomic results, strain ICN-92133T is proposed as a novel species belonging to a new genus. Therefore, we suggest the name of the new genus Selenobaculum gen. nov. within the family Selenomonadaceae and strain ICN-92133T (= KCTC 25622T = JCM 36070T) as a type strain of new species Selenobaculum gbiensis sp. nov.
CCIVR2 facilitates comprehensive identification of both overlapping and non-overlapping antisense transcripts within specified regions
Authors: Suzuki Maya , Sakai Satoshi , Ota Kosuke , Bando Yuki , Uchida Chiharu , Niida Hiroyuki , Kitagawa Masatoshi , Ohhata Tatsuya
Published: September 2023

Pairs of sense and antisense transcriptions that are adjacent at their 5′ and 3′ regions are called divergent and convergent transcription, respectively. However, the structural properties of divergent/convergent transcription in different species or RNA biotypes are poorly characterized. Here, we developed CCIVR2, a program that facilitates identification of both overlapping and non-overlapping antisense transcripts produced from divergent/convergent transcription whose transcription start sites (TSS) or transcript end sites (TES) are located within a specified region. We used CCIVR2 to analyze antisense transcripts starting around the sense TSS (from divergent transcription) or ending around the sense TES (from convergent transcription) in 11 different species and found species- and RNA biotype-specific features of divergent/convergent transcription. Furthermore, we confirmed that CCIVR2 enables the identification of multiple sense/antisense transcript pairs from divergent transcription, including those with known functions in processes such as embryonic stem cell differentiation and TGFβ stimulation. CCIVR2 is therefore a valuable bioinformatics tool that facilitates the characterization of divergent/convergent transcription in different species and aids the identification of functional sense/antisense transcript pairs from divergent transcription in specified biological processes.
Computationally-efficient statistical design and yield optimization of resonator-based notch filters using feature-based surrogates
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Haq Tanveerul
Published: September 2023

Modern microwave devices are designed to fulfill stringent requirements pertaining to electrical performance, which requires, among others, a meticulous tuning of their geometry parameters. When moving up in frequency, physical dimensions of passive microwave circuits become smaller, making the system performance increasingly susceptible to manufacturing tolerances. In particular, inherent inaccuracy of fabrication processes affect the fundamental operating parameters, such as center frequency or bandwidth, which is especially troublesome for narrow-band structures, including notch filters. The ability to quantify the effects of tolerances, and—even more—to account for these in the design process, are instrumental in making the designs more reliable, and to increase the likelihood that adequate operation is ensured despite manufacturing errors. This paper proposes a simple yet computationally efficient and reliable procedure for statistical analysis and yield optimization of resonator-based notch filters. Our methodology involves feature-based surrogate models that can be established using a handful of training data points, and employed for rapid evaluation of the circuit fabrication yield. Furthermore, a yield optimization procedure is developed, which iteratively sets up a sequence of feature-based models, constructed within local domains relocated along the optimization path, and uses them as predictors to find a robust (maximum yield) design at a low computational cost. The presented approach has been demonstrated using two complementary split ring resonator (CSRR)-based notch filters. The cost of statistical design is about a hundred of EM simulations of the respective filter, with yield evaluation reliability corroborated through EM-based Monte Carlo analysis.
Predictors of galcanezumab response in a real-world study of Korean patients with migraine
Authors: Kim Seung Ae , Jang Hyemin , Lee Mi Ji
Published: September 2023

To assess factors associated with galcanezumab response in a real-world study of Korean patients with migraine. Predictors of the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (anti-CGRP(-R) mAb) have been rarely investigated in Asians. We prospectively recruited and followed up patients with migraine who received monthly galcanezumab treatment in a single university hospital from June 2020 to October 2021. We defined the treatment response with ≥ 50% reduction in moderate/severe headache days in the 3rd month of treatment compared to baseline. Responders and non-responders were compared in terms of demographics, disease characteristics and severity, and previous response to migraine prophylactic treatments. Potential predictors of anti-CGRP(-R) mAb response were tested by using the univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Among 104 patients (81.7% female; mean age 42.0 ± 13.02; 76.9% chronic migraine; and 45.5% medication overuse headache) included, 58 (55.7%) were responders. Non-responders had more chronic migraine, medication overuse headache, monthly headache days, days with acute medication, and daily headaches (i.e. chronic migraine persisting everyday without remission). The multivariable logistic analysis showed chronic migraine (OR 0.05 [95% CI 0.00–0.82], p = 0.036) and the number of previously failed preventive medication classes (OR 0.55 [95% CI 0.33–0.92], p = 0.024] were independently associated with treatment response. Chronic migraine and multiple failures from preventive medication are associated with poor galcanezumab response. Further studies are needed to investigate if earlier treatment before disease chronification or multiple failures may lead to a greater therapeutic gain from anti-CGRP(-R) mAb treatment.
Comparative analysis of gut microbiota between common (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) and Burmese (M. f. aurea) long-tailed macaques in different habitats
Authors: Muhammad Raza , Klomkliew Pavit , Chanchaem Prangwalai , Sawaswong Vorthon , Kaikaew Titiporn , Payungporn Sunchai , Malaivijitnond Suchinda
Published: September 2023

The environment has an important effect on the gut microbiota—an essential part of the host’s health—and is strongly influenced by the dietary pattern of the host as these together shape the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota in humans and other animals. This study compared the gut microbiota of Macaca fascicularis fascicularis and M. f. aurea in mangrove and island populations using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on a nanopore platform to investigate the effect of the environment and/or diet. The results revealed that the M. f. fascicularis populations that received anthropogenic food exhibited a higher richness and evenness of gut microbiota than the M. f. aurea populations in different habitats. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the two most abundant bacterial phyla in the gut microbiota of both these subspecies; however, the relative abundance of these phyla was significantly higher in M. f. aurea than in M. f. fascicularis. This variation in the gut microbiota between the two subspecies in different habitats mostly resulted from the differences in their diets. Moreover, the specific adaptation of M. f. aurea to different environments with a different food availability had a significant effect on their microbial composition.
Surface Wettability and Superhydrophobicity
Authors: Peethan Alina , Aravind M. , George Sajan Daniel
Published: September 2023

Research in the field of wettability has attracted tremendous attention from both fundamental and applied points of view. This chapter gives a deep insight into different kinds of surface wettability and various models used to explain the spreading of a droplet on a solid surface. The importance of surface physical and chemical properties in determining the surface wettability behaviour is outlined. The significance of various measurable parameters such as equilibrium water contact angle and contact angle hysteresis that determine the wettability nature of a surface, whether it is hydrophilic or hydrophobic, is discussed in detail. In addition, various approaches adopted to measure these parameters are also discussed. The chapter concludes with a section on superhydrophobicity, mentioning the major fabrication techniques currently being adopted and various application areas.
Nanocarbon-based Superhydrophobic Coatings
Authors: Saji Viswanathan S.
Published: September 2023

Superhydrophobic coatings based on carbon nanostructures have high industrial importance. Significant information is available on superhydrophobic coatings based on various carbon nanostructures, including carbon nanotubes, nanofibres, nanospheres, nanodiamond, fullerene, nanostructured carbon soot and graphitic carbon, graphene and others, and their composites with metals, ceramics and polymers. This chapter provides an account of carbon nanostructure-based superhydrophobic coatings and their applications.
Superhydrophobic Polymer and Composite Coatings
Authors: Sethulekshmi A. S. , Gopika Venu , Akhila Raman , Aparna Asok , Kumar Saran S. , Saritha Appukuttan , Joseph Kuruvilla
Published: September 2023

Coating technology is one of the most innovative technologies relevant to industrial and domestic purposes. Introduction of superhydrophobicity to a coating increases its utility in self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-fouling, anti-corrosion and anti-fogging applications. Application of a superhydrophobic coating is the most suitable way to protect solid interfaces from water contact. Fabrication of superhydrophobic polymer and composite coatings is currently attracting tremendous interest due to its various applications in the packaging, aerospace, biomedical and automotive sectors. This chapter focuses on the fabrication, characterization and properties of superhydrophobic polymer and composite coatings by conventional coating methods.
Superhydrophobic Coatings on Food Industry-relevant Materials
Authors: Jeya Jeevahan J. , Booma Devi P. , Senthil Kumar J. , Durairaj R. B.
Published: September 2023

The use of superhydrophobic coatings in the food industry is relatively new and has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Unlike other application areas, the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces is not easy for food industry-relevant materials. The materials used must be categorized as “generally recognized as safe (GRAS)” [a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation], and they must be able to produce superhydrophobicity without compromising other functional properties required for food contact applications. This chapter summarizes recent trends in superhydrophobic coatings prepared for the food industry, the various factors that affect the superhydrophobicity and other functions, challenges and future research opportunities.
Activating HfX2 (X = S, Se and Te) for the hydrogen evolution reaction by introducing defects: a first-principles study
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Zhang Runqing , Luo Jiasheng , Dong Huafeng , Cao Jiachun , Ling Haojun , Li Chuyu , Wen Minru , Wu Fugen
Published: September 2023

Substituting a Hf atom with a Co atom in HfS2 can achieve an excellent catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
The structure of liquid thiophene from total neutron scattering
Authors: Headen Thomas F , Di Mino Camilla , Youngs Tristan GA , Clancy Adam J
Published: September 2023

The structure of pure liquid thiophene is revealed by using a combination of total neutron scattering experiments with isotopic substitution and molecular simulations via the next generation empirical potential refinement software, Dissolve.
Research progress of spinel CoFe2O4 as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Hongxin , Hu Qiming , Qiu Jiangyuan , Guo Rui , Liu Xuanwen
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the common reaction mechanism of OER is reviewed systematically, the crystal structure and preparation methods of CoFe2O4 are introduced. Strategies to improve the catalytic performance of CoFe2O4 were summarized, and the optimal modification strategy suitable for CoFe2O4 was found.
The unexpected fast polymerization during the synthesis of a glycolated polythiophene
Authors: Bakry Abdulrahman , Yadav Preeti , Chen Shin-Ya (Emerson) , Luscombe Christine K.
Published: September 2023

We have studied the influence of the content of the ethylene glycol side chain and its linkage on the formation of active Grignard monomer species upon Grignard metathesis in three thiophene derivatives.
Ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems as one-step clean-up, microextraction and preconcentration platforms for the improved determination of salivary biomarkers
Authors: González-Martín Raúl , e Silva Francisca A. , Trujillo-Rodríguez María J. , Díaz Díaz David , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob , Freire Mara G. , Pino Verónica
Published: September 2023

Ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems succeed in one-step clean-up, microextraction, and preconcentration strategies for biomarkers in saliva. These novel platforms improve the saliva bioanalysis in terms of simplicity and greenness.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by laser ablation from coal for field-effect transistors
Authors: Chen Shaochuang , Chen Yuguang , Xu Haitao , Lyu Min , Zhang Xinrui , Han Zhen , Liu Haoming , Yao Yixi , Xu Chi , Sheng Jian , Xu Yifan , Gao Lei , Gao Ningfei , Zhang Zeyao , Peng Lian-mao , Li Yan
Published: September 2023

Coal was transformed by laser ablation into single-walled carbon nanotubes, which were used to fabricate field effect transistors after one-step purification.
Lipase/tannic acid magnetic hydrogel microspheres and their continuous catalytic application
Authors: Ji Xuan , Li Yao , Wang Suo , Fei Xu , Tian Jing , Xu Longquan , Wang Yi
Published: September 2023

Catalytic synthesis of benzyl acetate by Lipase/tannic acid magnetic hydrogel microspheres at oil-water interface.
A new two-dimensional luminescent Ag12 cluster-assembled material and its catalytic activity for reduction of hexacyanoferrate(iii)
Authors: Nakatani Riki , Biswas Sourav , Irie Tsukasa , Sakai Jin , Hirayama Daisuke , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Niihori Yoshiki , Das Saikat , Negishi Yuichi
Published: September 2023

First two-dimensional luminescent silver cluster-assembled material synthesis with an intriguing (3,6)-connected kgd topology that exhibits excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of Fe(CN)63− using NaBH4 in aqueous solutions.
Electrochemical phosphorothiolation and 1,4-S → C phospho-Fries rearrangement: controlled access to phosphorothiolated and mercapto-phosphono substituted indolizines
Authors: Liu Xiang , Jiang Wenxuan , Huang Changfeng , Ma Shaohong , Wang Qiong , Cao Hua
Published: September 2023

An unprecedented electrochemically regioselective C–H phosphorothiolation and S- to C-[1,4] phosphonyl migration involving indolizines, elemental sulfur, and H-phosphonates in an undivided cell has been developed.
Chemical biology fluorescent tools for in vitro investigation of the multidrug resistant P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in tumor cells
Authors: Daumar Pierre , Goisnard Antoine , Dubois Clémence , Roux Manon , Depresle Marie , Penault-Llorca Frédérique , Bamdad Mahchid , Mounetou Emmanuelle
Published: September 2023

A series of 25 fluorescent conjugates sharing a common peptidic scaffold was developed for in vitro investigation of the multidrug resistant P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression.
Resolving a guanine-quadruplex structure in the SARS-CoV-2 genome through circular dichroism and multiscale molecular modeling
Authors: D'Anna Luisa , Miclot Tom , Bignon Emmanuelle , Perricone Ugo , Barone Giampaolo , Monari Antonio , Terenzi Alessio
Published: September 2023

Parallel or hybrid? A combination of multiscale molecular modeling and circular dichroism is used to predict a G-quadruplex structure at atomistic resolution in the SARS-CoV-2 genome.
Ti-decorated C30 as a high-capacity hydrogen storage material: insights from density functional theory
Authors: Nair Heera T. , Kundu Ajit , Ray Pranoy , Jha Prafulla K. , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: September 2023

Employing density functional theory, we explore the hydrogen storage proficiency of titanium-decorated fullerene C30, an allotrope of carbon that comprises pentagonal and hexagonal rings.
Radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes for CO2 electroreduction cells: an unexpected effect of using a lower excess of N-methylpiperidine in their fabrication
Authors: Willson Terry R. , Giron Rodriguez Carlos A. , Xu Qiucheng , Frow Jordan , Foglia Fabrizia , Smith Keenan , Ravikumar Ravikumar , Vinothkannan Mohanraj , Mahmoudi Najet , Salam Ihtasham , Periasamy Arun Prakash , Whelligan Daniel K. , Mamlouk Mohamed , Lin Hungyen , Seger Brian , Varcoe John R.
Published: September 2023

Radiation-grafted methylpiperidinium anion-exchange membranes fabricated using different amine excesses are spectroscopically similar but possess different nano-morphological and hydration responses.
Boosting electron transport in non-fullerene acceptors using non-chlorinated solvents
Authors: Nugraha Mohamad Insan , Ardhi Ryanda Enggar Anugrah , Naphade Dipti , Zhang Weimin , Yuan Youyou , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: September 2023

Chlorinated solvents are commonly used to process organic semiconductor devices but have several negative environmental impacts.
Phenothiazine-based donor–acceptor covalent–organic frameworks with keto–enol irreversible tautomerism as a promising third-order nonlinear optics material
Authors: Li Mingyan , Li Tingting , Gong Chengtao , Ding Debo , Du Jiawei , Zhou Xiangxiang , Song Yinglin , Yang Yun-Fang , She Yuanbin , Jia Jianhong
Published: September 2023

Keto–enol tautomerization endowed TFP-TZ with more D–A interaction strengths and an electron-withdrawing CO group in theketoform facilitated charge transfer.
Promoting Simple and Engaging Brain–Computer Interface Designs for Children by Evaluating Contrasting Motion Techniques
Authors: Pitt Kevin M. , Cole Zachary J. , Zosky Joshua
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

There is an increasing focus on using motion in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. In considering brain–computer interface access to AAC (BCI-AAC), motion may provide a simpler or more intuitive avenue for BCI-AAC control. Different motion techniques may be utilized in supporting competency with AAC devices including simple (e.g., zoom) and complex (behaviorally relevant animation) methods. However, how different pictorial symbol animation techniques impact BCI-AAC is unclear.

Method:

Sixteen healthy children completed two experimental conditions. These conditions included highlighting of pictorial symbols via both functional (complex) and zoom (simple) animation to evaluate the effects of motion techniques on P300-based BCI-AAC signals and offline (predicted) BCI-AAC performance.

Results:

Functional (complex) animation significantly increased attentional-related P200/P300 event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes in the parieto-occipital area. Zoom (simple) animation significantly decreased N400 latency. N400 ERP amplitude was significantly greater, and occurred significantly earlier, on the right versus left side for the functional animation condition within the parieto-occipital bin. N200 ERP latency was significantly reduced over the left hemisphere for the zoom condition in the central bin. As hypothesized, elicitation of all targeted ERP components supported offline (predicted) BCI-AAC performance being similar between conditions.

Conclusion:

Study findings provide continued support for the use of animation in BCI-AAC systems for children and highlight differences in neural and attentional processing between complex and simple animation techniques.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24085623
An Analysis of Mental State Verb and Complex Syntax Use in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Authors: Vachio Morgan , Lund Emily , L. Werfel Krystal
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) have documented deficits with complex syntax and vocabulary knowledge. Mental state verbs (MSVs) are necessary for some kinds of complex syntax use and communicate abstract concepts needed for academic language. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency, diversity, and syntactic context of MSV use in children who are DHH compared to children with typical hearing (CTH).

Method:

Seventy-three preschool children (23 with cochlear implants, 22 with hearing aids, and 28 with typical hearing) completed a structured language sample as part of a larger assessment battery. Samples were analyzed and compared across groups for use of MSVs, diversity in MSV use, and syntactical context for MSVs.

Results:

Children who are DHH used significantly fewer MSV in complex syntax, a smaller diversity of MSV, and significantly fewer MSV in obligatory contexts compared to CTH. Results for the cochlear implants and hearing aid groups were not significantly different from one another despite differing levels of hearing loss.

Conclusion:

Children who are DHH demonstrate significant differences in the rate, diversity, and complexity of MSV use compared to peers with typical hearing.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24091860
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Lanzillo B. , Crisci C. , Crispi F. , Saltalamacchia A.M.
Published: September 2023

We studied 476 patients affected by diabetes: 166 male (mean age 61.6 ± 10 years, range 27–91) and 310 female (mean age 61.5 ± 8.4 years, range 25–82). Mean disease duration was 11.3 ± 7.6 years, range 0.3–37).

All patients underwent surface motor and sensory nerve conduction along median, popliteal, and sural nerve.

Results. Median nerve: in 3.1% of subjects sensory action potentials (SAP) was absent; sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) was reduced in 41.8% in distal segment and in 27.5% in the proximal segment. Motor nerve conduction (MNCV) was reduced in 29.9% of the subjects.

Sural nerve: SAP was absent in 24.4% and SNCV was reduced in 32.7%.

Popliteal nerve: MNCV was abnormal in 30.4% of the subjects. Combining electrophysiological data we observed that:

1. 28.6% of the subjects resulted normal

2. 12.8% were affected by a lower limbs sensory neuropathy

3. 0.2% had a lower limbs motor neuropathy

4. 5.9% had a lower limbs sensory‐motor neuropathy

5. 6.1% had a diffused sensory neuropathy

6. 30.2% had a diffused sensory‐motor neuropathy

7. 16.2% had a carpal tunnel syndrome.

Patients were divided in 2 groups: patients with and patients without neuropahy: the latter showed a significantly shorter disease duration (12.7 ± 8.1 vs 9.0 ± 6.3; p < 0.0001).

In addition, we observed a significant correlation between disease duration and distal latency, median and popliteal MNCV, and SNCV in median and sural nerve (Regression test; p < 0.0001).

Patients on insulin showed a longer disease duration and more severe electrophysiological abnormalities.
Building a quantum‐ready ecosystem
Authors: Purohit Abhishek , Kaur Maninder , Seskir Zeki Can , Posner Matthew T. , Venegas‐Gomez Araceli
Published: September 2023

The emergence of quantum technologies has led to groundbreaking advancements in computing, sensing, secure communications, and simulation of advanced materials with practical applications in every industry sector. The rapid advancement of the quantum technologies ecosystem has made it imperative to assess the maturity of these technologies and their imminent acceleration towards commercial viability. The current status of quantum technologies is presented and the need for a quantum‐ready ecosystem is emphasised. Standard Quantum Technology Readiness Levels (QTRLs) are formulated and innovative models and tools are defined to evaluate the readiness of specific quantum technology. In addition to QTRLs, Quantum Commercial Readiness Levels (QCRLs) is introduced to provide a robust framework for evaluating the commercial viability and market readiness of quantum technologies. Furthermore, relevant indicators concerning key stakeholders, including government, industry, and academia are discussed and ethics and protocols implications are described, to deepen the understanding of the readiness for quantum technology and to support the development of a robust and effective quantum ecosystem.
Characterisation of resident space objects using multistatic interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging
Authors: Thindlu Rudrappa Manjunath , Albrecht Marcus , Knott Peter
Published: September 2023

This paper illustrates an interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar based on three‐dimensional imaging and rotational velocity estimation from a multistatic setup with three ground‐based radars with non‐orthogonal baselines. The radar backscattering along the orbit is simulated based on physical optics approximation. The paper illustrates a novel shape‐dependent and rotation‐invariant feature called normalised eigenvalues for classification. A database of interferometric point clouds is generated using radar back scattering at different aspect angles and classified using various classification algorithms. The classification accuracy at varying SNR levels was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations.
The use of lupine flour in pasta production
Authors: Begeulov M.Sh. , Konorev P.M. , Sychev R.V.
Published: September 2023

A study was made of the possibility of using lupine flour, produced from the seeds of blue lupine and white lupine, in the production of pasta. The possibility of using lupine flour in an amount of up to 15% by weight of durum wheat flour for pasta of the highest grade has been established in order to enrich pasta with biologically valuable nutrients without a noticeable deterioration in physicochemical and organoleptic indicators.
Study on the Properties of Rice Straw Biochar Caused by the Soil Nitrogen Application Rate Difference
Authors: Li Aijia
Published: September 2023

The agricultural straw burning is one of important environmental concern, and how to rationally utilize straw resources is important for sustainable development. Due to high carbon content and strong stability, straw biochar by pyrolysis has become a hotspot study in multidisciplinary fields. This study focused on biochar properties and soil type and carried out in the same experimental plot with different nitrogen fertilizer application rates. There were still differences in straw charcoal and in the future, the study on the interaction between biochar properties and soil shall be continued to improve the carbon fixation and emission reduction
Carbon Storage of Shelterbelts in Yunnan Province and Countermeasures for Increasing Carbon Sinks
Authors: Zhang Kaidi , Su Jianlan
Published: September 2023

Based on the data of seven national forest inventory and the fourth second-class forest inventory in Yunnan Province, the biomass expansion factor method was used to calculate the carbon storage dynamics of shelterbelts in Yunnan Province. The results show that: 1) the carbon storage of shelterbelts in Yunnan Province increased from 8868.03×104 tons in 1988 to 37635.01×104 tons in 2018, with an average annual growth of 821.91×104 tons. The contribution rate of shelterbelts carbon storage to the total forest carbon storage in Yunnan Province increased from 17.59% to 41.63%, and the total average carbon density of shelterbelts showed an upward trend in fluctuation. 2) the contribution rate of carbon storage of middle-aged forest (20.20%-27.44%) was the largest, the mature forest and overmature forest was the second and third, and the contribution rate of carbon storage of young forest was the lowest. The total average carbon density of shelterbelts increased with the age classes. 3) The natural shelterbelts had been the main contributor to the carbon storage in Yunnan, and its contribution rate (between 95.80% and 99.53%) decreases gradually, while the carbon density of natural shelterbelts increases with the increase of age. Compared with natural shelterbelts, the carbon storage and density of artificial shelterbelts were at a lower level, and the total average carbon density of artificial shelterbelts is on the rise. The carbon density of artificial shelterbelts of different ages is mature forest > near mature forest > over mature forest > middle aged forest > young forest. 4) Diqing Prefecture was the main contributor of carbon storage of shelterbelts in Yunnan Province (the contribution rate is 17.65%), and the carbon storage of shelterbelts in northwest Yunnan accounts for 44.19% of the total carbon storage of shelterbelts in Yunnan Province. Yunnan province should pay attention to the maturity of middle-aged and young shelterbelts, strengthen the management of artificial shelterbelts to enhance the carbon storage capacity of Yunnan shelterbelts.
Advancements and Challenges in Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Comprehensive Analysis of Disposal Methods and Their Environmental Impacts
Authors: Li Weitao
Published: September 2023

Under such growths of global population and development of urbanization, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation has increased drastically and become a vital issue all over the world. Efficient MSW management and recovery of MSW play a critical role in reducing its negative impacts on the environment and human health. The review has illustrated a general perspective of MSW background and current issues related to the MSW management by explaining some examples of the negative impacts from different methods of disposing MSW. The paper presents an in-depth analysis the characteristics of MSW and methods for classifying MSW, as well as the advantages and limitations of physical, chemical, and biological disposal techniques, such as landfill, hazardous waste disposal, chemical treatment, immobilization, anaerobic digestion, and composting. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of an integrated waste management approach that combines these methods with waste reduction, reuse, and recycling strategies to minimize the environmental and public health impacts of waste disposal.
Research and analysis on brake energy recovery of pure electric vehicles
Authors: Lin Zuyi , Mo Tong , Wang Tianyi
Published: September 2023

Environmental pollution and other problems are becoming increasingly serious with the energy crisis. Pure electric vehicles, as a new green and pollution-free means of transportation, are increasingly favoured by the public. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, pure electric vehicles have a shorter range, and brake energy loss accounts for approximately 10-30% of the total energy consumption. Brake energy recovery technology can effectively improve the energy utilization rate of pure electric vehicles and increase their range. This article focuses on studying different methods of braking energy recovery for electric vehicles, using comparative analysis and selecting several sets of schemes with higher recovery efficiency for analysis, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of different methods. Research indicates that electrochemical energy storage represents a superior approach for recycling energy due to its ability to enhance energy recovery efficiency through algorithmic optimization of motor braking force distribution. However, the application of mechanical energy storage and hydraulic energy storage in pure electric vehicles necessitates further improvements to address various technical challenges.
Changes in snowpack of the Changbai Mountain region over the last decade in reaction to global warming
Authors: Leng Bowen
Published: September 2023

As greenhouse gas emissions have been mounting in recent years, the issue of global warming has become more and more serious, sparking a great deal of concern. Among the effects of global warming, the melting of snowpack is particularly pronounced. However, most of the current researches focus on vegetation and biodiversity, and there are some gaps in studies of snow in the mountainous regions of China. This paper analyzes the Landsat8 satellite images of Changbai Mountain area in the past 10 years through QGIS and programming algorithms to study the trend of snowpack change, the correlation between snow melting and vegetation change and causes of snow melting. The analytical methods used in this paper include NDSI, NDVI, supervised classification and image binarization. From 2014 to 2023, the snow-covered areas in Changbai Nature Reserve have decreased dramatically, especially in northwestern part, middle part and edges of Changbai Mountain. The change rate of snowpack has reached a significant 13.979%. The vegetation area shows an increasing trend and is negatively correlated with snowpack change. In order to alleviate the challenge of snow melting, ecological engineering, new energy sources and rigorous regulation of human activities are all essentially necessary. In the future, it is expected that the research in this paper will have a profound positive impact on the ecological management of the Changbai Mountain region, the conservation of snow resources and the mitigation of global warming.
The Significance of Climate Cooperation Between China and the United States
Authors: Guo Ziou
Published: September 2023

The global climate issue is becoming increasingly severe, and cooperation between China and the United States in climate management is urgent.This article first analyzes the three stages of the climate relationship of China and the United States, from the first stage when the two sides are not willing to cooperate actively to the second stage when the two sides begin to cooperate frequently in climate management, and then to the current stage when cooperation and competition coexist in the climate relationship. Then, it analyzes the differences in climate governance concepts and methods between China and the U.S. due to differences in political systems, which has led to obstacles in consociation between the two countries. Next, this article explains the importance and key significance climate cooperation from three perspectives: China, the United States, and the international community. Finally, some constructive suggestions on climate consociation between China and the United States are put forward, as well as prospects for further deepening climate relations of China and the United States in the future.
Monitoring Land Use/Land Cover Change (LULCC) Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Chen Yi
Published: September 2023

Land use/land cover change (LULCC) is crucial for social and economic systems. For detecting LULCC, remote sensing technology has become crucial. This paper illustrated the use of remote sensing to monitor LULCC, with particular emphasis on urban planning and the ecological environment which is currently in the news, and the limitations of remote sensing. Remote sensing performs well in urban land cover change, urban growth analysis and urban heat island monitoring, giving these areas a effective way to solve problems. In ecological environment monitoring, it develops some new methods combined with computer science in vegetation monitoring. Meanwhile, more and more researchers focus on the wetland monitoring and ecosystem service evaluation. Remote sensing is anticipated to support the monitoring and study of LULCC in the future. This paper provides an overview of current study and developments in the application of remote sensing to track LULCC.
The Role of Biochar in Enhancing Soil Carbon Sequestration for Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Song Jiayi
Published: September 2023

With the development of industry, carbon emissions are increasing: global temperatures are rising, habitats are shrinking, sea level rises and other issues are emerging one after another, climate change is getting more and more attention, and strategic goals such as carbon neutrality have also been formulated to alleviate global climate change. As a material to mitigate climate change and help achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, biochar can effectively absorb and store carbon and reduce carbon footprints. Through a critical analysis of the role of biochar in achieving carbon neutrality, this paper analyzes the principles of carbon absorption using biochar in agriculture, etc., and points out the existing limitations of biochar, such as high cost and land occupation, and efficacy instability, and gives the existing research based on the limitations. An increasing corpus of research has pinpointed elements like the temperature at which biochar is formed and the kind of biochar that is best for a certain soils and plants. Some solutions and mitigation methods conclude that biochar has a high development potential to help achieve carbon neutrality.
Research on Urban Solid Waste Treatment Methods
Authors: Zhang Eryin
Published: September 2023

In the background of accelerating urban modernization process, municipal solid waste is also showing a continuous growth, which not only has a great impact on people's living environment, but also seriously threatens the healthy and sustainable development of cities. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the research on municipal solid waste treatment and utilization, which can promote the resource utilization of municipal solid waste and reduce the environmental pollution caused by solid waste. This paper combines a basic overview of municipal solid waste with a detailed description of several of the more common methods of municipal solid waste treatment, and analyzes the success stories of each method as well as the challenges that exist. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods to provide reference for the actual selection of solutions, and to contribute to the increased publicity of environmental protection and promote the resource utilization of solid waste.
The Impact of CO2 Emission on Climate Change: Evidence from Sea Level
Authors: Qin Zexuan
Published: September 2023

Against the backdrop of global warming has become the main climate issue at present. Not only climate change itself, but some phenomena which occur together with it also has the worth of studying in order to deal with the current global warming problem that human beings are facing. To be specific, the Sea Level Rise caused by carbon dioxide emission. This paper will discuss the evidence from sea level which can prove how serious the impact of CO2 emission on climate change. According to the analysis, CO2 emission can enhance the tendency of the Sea Level Rise (SLR) and this trend will not stop at present even if the whole world stops to emit greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, but will continue to affect people’s daily life in a long period of time. With this in mind, the public should be more alert for the reducing of emission of greenhouse gases and the adaption of Sea Level Rise.
The Current Status of Photovoltaic Panel Power Peak Point Tracking System
Authors: Hao Kaiwen
Published: September 2023

As contemporary technologies progress, traditional energy sources have become increasingly constrained by limited resources and environmental concerns. Consequently, there has been a substantial push for the widespread adoption of new energy sources, which offer abundant resources, superior energy quality, and environmental cleanliness. Among these sources, solar energy has gained significant prominence as a key component in the development of new energy in various nations. However, enhancing the power generation efficiency and optimizing the power peak point capture of photovoltaic panels represents a crucial area of current research focus. This article first introduces the principle and structure of the photovoltaic system. Further, the paper proposed the application of artificial intelligence in dual-axis tracking technology and offers a detailed solution for the efficient tracking of power points. Through research, artificial intelligence has optimized parameters in the dual-axis tracking system through remote operation technologies such as WIFI modules so that the dual-axis tracking system can efficiently track the power peak point of the photovoltaic board.