bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES OF AFRICAN CATFISH ( Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822) JUVENILES EXPOSED TO ACUTE CONCENTRATIONS OF BUTACHLOR (HERBICIDE)
Authors: Salim A. M. , Dauda A. B. , Yusuf M. A.
Published: June 2021

This study examined the behavioral changes induced by butachlor to the juveniles of Clarias gariepinus. The experiment consists of five treatments (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 mg/l) and a control. Ten fishes were allotted in each test tank in duplicates. Observations on behavioral responses were made at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-exposure. The opercular movement and tail fin beat rates were observed as counts per minute using a stopwatch. The behavioral patterns of the fish in the control group were normal, whereas in the exposed groups the fish tend to lose equilibrium and swim erratically with vigorous jerky movements. At the 12th and 24th hours the fish in the exposed groups showed hyper-active movement, but became hypoactive at the 48th hour. The mean values of the tail fin beat of the exposed groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control at the 12th hour. At the 24th and 48th hour post-exposure the exposed groups showed significant (p<0.05) time-dependent decrease compared to the control. The tail fin beat became significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control group from 72nd hours onward. The decrease of tail fin beats at the 72nd and 96th hours were dose-dependent similar observations were also recorded in the opercular ventilation. At the 12th hour the opercular ventilation of the exposed fish was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control whereas at the 24th and 48th hours, the opercular ventilation of the exposed groups showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) compared to the control.
POSTPARTUM CONCENTRATIONS OF ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE IN THREE GENOTYPE OF SHEEP FED VARYING LEVELS OF PROTEIN
Authors: Hassan A. M. , Nasir M. , Abdullahi A. Y. , Zango M. H.
Published: June 2021

The study aims to evaluate the effects of feeding different protein levels on the resumption of postpartum ovarian activity by measuring serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations bi-weekly starting one week postpartum in three genotypes of sheep (Yankasa, Uda and Balami). Eighteen (18) multiparous sheep with aged range of 2.5 – 3 years old consisting of six (6) each of Yankasa, Uda and Balami breeds were divided into three groups and reared on different protein concentrations. The protein concentrations were 15.2% (high), 9.5% (medium) and 6.5% (low). Results showed a gradual increase of estradiol in both Yankasa and Uda breeds fed low protein diet from 100 – 3000 concentration. However, Uda breed had the highest value of estradiol when both medium and high protein diets were fed to the three genotypes of sheep. Nevertheless, Yankasa sheep had more consistent values of progesterone when fed low protein diet compared to Balami and Uda. Also Uda breed recorded the highest progesterone values in both medium and high protein diets among the three genotypes followed by Yankasa sheep. All the three genotypes returned to estrous earlier on high protein concentration followed by those on medium protein level. It is concluded that increase protein concentration hastened resumption of ovarian cyclicity and thereby leading to increase fertility in sheep
DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM MATURITY OF MAIZE USING GOOGLENET
Authors: Peter A.
Published: June 2021

Climatic changes, animal and human activities that lead to desertification and deforestation have affected the increase in agricultural produce especially in sub-Sahara Africa. Several efforts have been put in place to reduce these effects. However, that has not fully resolved the problem food shortages due to the growing population in sub-Sahara Africa. The application of image processing and convolutional neural network in the determination of the optimum maturity of SAMMAZ 17 variety of maize plant is being considered to mitigate for the shortage of food production. The optimum maturity is determined by using GoogleNet pre trained network on 3000 samples of maize comb captured using a camera at different maturity stages in a farmland. GoogleNet pre-trained network gave an accuracy of 82.44%. The result obtained showed a 10.44% improvement over an earlier result using Alexnet pre-trained network. The results suggest that when made operational there is a window of opportunity for increase in the production of food in sub-Sahara Africa
ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION DOSE LEVEL AT KABBA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
Authors: Bello I. A. , Ige O. O. , Kure N. , Momoh A. H.
Published: June 2021

Background radiation involves the measure of the level of ionizing radiation present in the environment at a particular location. This research seek to generate data of the natural background radiation level of some selected Sections at Kabba College of Agriculture, using RadEye G20 survey meter. A total of 15 sections of the College were randomly selected and the background radiation dose rate of the sections were measured. The indoor dose rate ranged from (0.09 – 0.13) 𝜇Sv/yr, while the outdoor dose rate ranged from (0.07 - 0.10) 𝜇Sv/yr. The indoor annual effective  dose were observed to be greater than the outdoor annual effective dose in all the College Sections measured. The lowest total annual effective dose 0.75 𝑚𝑆𝑣/𝑦𝑟 was found at the Academic staff block. The highest total annual effective dose of 1.09 𝑚𝑆𝑣/𝑦𝑟 was found at the livestock building, this might be due to the high-altitude nature of the area and the rocky materials used in the construction of the building. The highest total annual effective dose of the study area was slightly above the recommended limit of 1.0 𝑚𝑆𝑣/𝑦𝑟. The result obtained from this research may not constitute immediate health risk to the staff and student of the college
CRYOGENIC ACCUMULATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED USING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Authors: Braverman V.Ya. , Ilienko B.K.
Published: June 2021

Possibilities and prospects of accumulation of the electric power generated on objects of renewable energy sources - solar and wind power plants, with use of cryogenic liquids are considered. A comparison of the three most common ways of accumulating electricity: using lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen, liquid air. According to the proposed technology, the efficiency of recovery of electricity from liquid air is from 54 to 70%. The developed technology is based on cryogenic and thermal accumulation and has a high accumulation coefficient. It is shown that energy storage in cryogenic storage devices is the cheapest today. The proposed technology can also be used to generate electricity from liquefied natural gas using standard equipment developed by industry. The technological scheme of the cryoaccumulating station is offered. Bibl. 10, Fig. 1, Table 1.
PARTISIPASI PENILAIAN TANGIBLE DAN RESPONSIVENESS PADA SEBUAH PRODI (STUDI KASUS PADA PRODI AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS KANJURUHAN MALANG)
Authors: Wirshandono Doni
Published: June 2021

Keberadaan mahasiswa dalam suatu prodi berdampak terhadap maju atau tidaknya sebuah lembaga pendidikan baik Institut, Sekolah tinggi dan Universitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan partisipasi, Tanggible dan Responsivenes alumni dari salah satu prodi Universitas di Kota Malang.  Peneliti mengambil prodi akuntansi di Universitas Kanjuruhan malang guna memudahkan dalam pengambilan data.  Penulis  menggunakan metode kualitatif deskripsi untuk mengungkapkan makna yang terjadi disekitar disimpulkan dalam sebuah keterkaitan yang saling berhubungan.  Pengumpulkan data dengan menyebarkan angket kepada alumni melalui Whats App  dan mewancara melalui media sosial sejauh mana partisipasi alumni penilaian  tanggible dan responsiveness prodi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa alumni masih mau menilai dan memberikan saran dan alumni puas dengan tanggible dan responsiveness.
PENERAPAN TEORI PERILAKU TERENCANA PADA MAHASISWA YANG TERGABUNG PADA KOMUNITAS KEWIRAUSAHAAN
Authors: Agustina Tri Siwi
Published: June 2021

The younger generation still had enough time to be able to determine the best career for their life, including being able to choose his career as an entrepreneur. This study focused on students belonging to the entrepreneurial community in the campus therefore an object of research is the students belonging to the entrepreneurial community WEBS and BETA at Airlangga University. This study uses Partial Least Square (PLS) as a statistical test to answer the problem formulation and testing hypotheses based on the study of theory and previous research. The sample used in this study using census sampling methods, which uses the entire population as a sample in the study. The samples used in the study were 80 students in the WEBS membership and BETA  membership in Airlangga University. Method of data dissemination is done with a questionnaire during March until April, 2019. The result shows that (1) Educational support, subjective norm, and structural support directly influence the entrepreneurial intention; (2) Educational support and structural support indirectly influncing on entrepreneurial intention through attitude toward entrepreneurial behavior and perceived behavioral control; (3) Subjective norms indirectly influncing on entrepreneurial intention through attitude toward entrepreneurial behavior, but Subjective norms can’t influencing entrepreneurial intention through perceived behavioral control.
A PESSOA SUBMETIDA A PRÓTESE PARCIAL DA ANCA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Teixeira Helena , Palma Magali , Vieira João Vítor , Bule Maria José
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A fratura do fémur é um traumatismo que ocorre, frequentemente, em consequência de queda, sobretudo nos idosos. O enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de reabilitação é um profissional com competências que visam a restituição da funcionalidade, a minimização da incapacidade e dependência e o aumento da autonomia e da qualidade de vida.
Objetivo: Identificar os ganhos de um programa de reabilitação dirigido à pessoa submetida a prótese parcial da anca no internamento em Unidade de Convalescença.
Método: Estudo de caso descritivo de acordo com as guidelines da CAse REport (CARE). Após identificação das alterações músculo-esqueléticas, da funcionalidade e da definição dos diagnósticos, foi implementado um programa de reabilitação individualizado e dirigido aos objetivos e aos diagnósticos, destacando-se as intervenções de reeducação funcional motora e o treino de atividades de vida diárias.
Resultados: Comprovou-se o aumento da força muscular dos membros inferiores e superiores, o aumento da amplitude articular das articulações dos membros inferiores, a melhoria no autocuidado andar com auxiliar de marcha e transferir-se e a diminuição do risco de queda.
Conclusões: Os resultados revelam efetividade das intervenções de enfermagem de reabilitação na pessoa submetida a prótese parcial da anca, ao nível da força e amplitude de movimentos e na execução e intensidade da marcha.
How Gifted Primary School Students Make Sense of the Definition, Purpose and Process of Observation
Authors: ELMAS Rıdvan , PAMUK Savaş , SABAN Yakup
Published: June 2021

This study examines how gifted primary school students define observation, whether they know the purposes of observation and how they manage to perform it. A qualitative study was designed to thoroughly examine the observation process of 16 gifted students and determine the factors affecting the process. The focus group meetings were analyzed with the students' pictures and the field notes obtained during their observations. The results indicated that when examining the students' behaviors in the observations instead of what they observed, they draw what they already know. Most of the students used the word "to examine" when defining “observation.” Additionally, the students' drawings before the observation were relatively simple and did not have enough details about living beings. Besides, the second-grade students describe observation from a broader perspective, and their observation examples from their past experiences are short-term and object-based. The students also showed differences regarding their grade level in their opinions about which sense organs should be included in the observation process.
THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE CULTURE ON PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRMS IN GHANA: A CASE OF VODAFONE GHANA
Authors: Ahiabor Godson
Published: June 2021

It is believed that many of the problems confronting leaders can be traced to their inability to analyze and evaluate organizational cultures. Thus, many leaders, when trying to implement new strategies or a strategic plan leading to a new vision, will discover that their strategies will fail if they are inconsistent with the organization's culture. Organizational culture does not only affect the manner in which managers manage and consequently shape employee behavior, but also the total output and the way it provides services to its customers. Corporate culture or organizational culture is the behavior of humans within an organization and the meaning that people attach to those behaviors. Culture includes the organization's vision, values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits.
In addition, different individuals bring to the workplace their own uniqueness, knowledge, and ethnic culture. Corporate culture covers moral, social, and behavioral norms of one’s organization based on the values, beliefs, attitudes, and priorities of its members.
The researcher can say that corporate culture does have a positive impact on the productivity of any organisation, and with Vodafone, it does increase its productivity.
Key words: corporate culture, impact, firms, telecommunication and productivity.
GENDER ASPECTS OF INHERITANCE MANAGEMENT IN GEORGIA CULTURAL PRACTICES VS LAW REGULATIONS
Authors: Araviashvili Maia
Published: June 2021

After gaining independence in 1991 Georgia adopted the new constitution, received liberal laws and joined international conventions, which formally guarantee gender equality. However, law regulations do not come in accordance with cultural values, and are not shared by society. Consequently, the problems of gender inequality are still vital issues in Georgian society.
Traditionally, informal practice of dowry giving protected women and gave them independence in a new family. Nowadays, in Georgia a daughter and a son formally have equal access to their parent’s inheritance, but there are very rare cases when a woman demands her part of it. This is not justified by society to contend for the inheritance with a brother. Formal institutions are not strong to prevent this economic form of domestic violence.
The methodology of the research is complex: expert interviews were recorded and analyzed, to study data about the inheritance registration and court records pertaining to inheritance litigations, the method of content analysis was used; apart from this, ethnographic resources and surveys were examined. The findings of the proposed research article provide a complex picture of this really vital problem still affecting the post-soviet Georgian society.
Key words: culture, gender, inheritance, law, and management
ATTITUDES OF SHOP FLOOR EMPLOYEES TOWARD WOMEN MANAGERS IN FUEL DEPOTS: A CASE OF THE FUEL DEPOTS IN LUBUMBASHI, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
Authors: Nzuve Stephen N. M. , Kelwon Solomon Chepsongol
Published: June 2021

The International Labour Organization and all organizations of human rights advocate against any form of negative attitude in employment based on gender, its terms, promotion and relations. Shop floor employees play a very important role in the daily advancement and profitability of an organisation. The purpose of this study was to establish the attitude of shop floor employees toward women managers in fuel depots in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The study adopted a descriptive survey design with the population consisting of one hundred and ninety three (193) shop floor employees. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. In total one hundred and twenty one (121) shop floor employees responded yielding a response rate of sixty three percent (63%). The findings of this study indicate that a negative attitude toward woman managers is prevalent in the Fuel Depots of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo. At the fuel depots, the number of women working was less than a third of the males. In spite of this, women managers are rated higher in management qualities and are considered to be more honest, diligent, compassionate, creative and intelligent when compared to their male counterparts. The study recommends a culture change among employees in fuel depots in Lubumbashi in order to enable them perceive women as equal partners at the work place.
Key words: attitude, gender, shop floor employees, discrimination, work place safety and fuel depot.
Material Development in Production Ecrite Intermediaire by Sipda to Improve the Writing Ability the Student of French Departement at Faculty of Languages and Arts at One of State Universities in Northen Island of Indonesia
Authors: Soraya Tengku Ratna , Zulherman  , Nurilam Harianja  , Hesti Fibriasari
Published: June 2021

This study aims to develop teaching materials in Production Ecrite Intermediare course to improve the writing ability the student of french departement at Faculty of Languages and Arts at One of State Universities in Northen Island of Indonesia by using SIPDA. This research was conducted to response the condition of covid pandemic situation that uses distance learning courses where students learn from their own homes. This research followed the R & D model proposed by Borg & Gall with the procedure analysing the student’s need, collecting the ressource of development, design the material, evaluatingexisting the materials based on the validation of experts judgement, field testing, revising, and finishing the final product. This research was carried out in the French Language Education Study Program FBS UNIMED by developing SIPDA-based teaching materials in lectures, to find out that these teaching materials can improve the writing skills of students of French Language Education Study Program at FBS Unimed. The results of this study show that SIPDA is very effective in helping students to improve the writing ability of French texts. This research recommends to the lecturers of French courses in general to using SIPDA in the teaching and learning process of writing in the classroom of Production Ecrite Intermediaire.
Contents Vol 12(2), 2021
Authors: Chief Editor In
Published: June 2021

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.12(2) July 2021
Teachers’ view about feminization of Medical Education in Bangladesh
Authors: Aktar Muqbula Tasrin , Kabir Fuad Reajwan , Hasan M Kumrul , Islam Md Rafiqul
Published: June 2021

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was driven to explore the teachers’ view about feminization of medical education in Bangladesh. This study was carried out in 4 government and 4 non-government medical colleges of Bangladesh during the period of July 2019 to June 2020. From all four phases, total 104 teachers were respondents of this study to seek information regarding the factors affecting and effects of feminization of medical education in Bangladesh with a pretested self-administered questionnaire. The study revealed that high social respect, high marriage value, parental pressure, financial security are the factors for feminization of medical education in Bangladesh. Other factor that may influence female students to get admitted in the MBBS course is female students are more studious. There are limited better alternate profession for female students. This study also revealed that empathetic to patients are more satisfied with female doctors, they like some specific subspecialty as their career choice and feminization do not hamper quality of health care. 46 (44.2%) teachers were disagreed that female doctors like to work in rural area. and 49 (47.1%) teachers were disagreed that female doctors are efficient in medical emergency management during disaster. Study recommended establishment of female friendly working environment at all levels of the hospital. Study also recommended further long term and wider scale study with more participants to observe the impact of feminization of medical education on health care delivery system in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.12(2) July 2021: 4-9
DNA barcoding of threatened fishes of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Zarif , Sanzida Nusrat Jahan , Akhand Md Anwarul Azim , Ahmed Md Sagir
Published: June 2021

The ichthyofaunal diversity of Bangladesh is declining dramatically due to various anthropogenic factors. For authentic identification at species level, approximately 655 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of 29 threatened fish species were amplified and a barcode dataset was generated. Among these species, 7% were categorized as Critically Endangered (CR), whereas 55% and 38% were categorized as Endangered (EN) and Vulnerable (VU), respectively. K2P genetic distances were evaluated and found to be increasing with higher taxonomic rank—1.01% to 13.09% within species and 17.42% to 41.57% between species with a DNA barcode gap of 4.33%. The average %GC content of the fish species was 44.7 ± 0.49. On the other hand, the %GC values for the 6 orders—Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Synbranchiformes, Syngnathiformes, Perciformes and Osteoglossiformes were 44.8 ± 0.81, 45.6 ± 0.61, 44.8 ± 0.85, 47 ± 0.99, 46.3 ± 0.89, 47 ± 0.90, respectively. The %GC content was highest in the first codon followed by the second and third codons for both the individual species and the Orders (1st>2nd>3rd). It was also observed that the most synonymous mutations occur at the 3rd codon position followed by the 1st and the 2nd codons. Finally, genetic variations were identified in Raiamas bola (at position 101), Ompok bimaculatus (at position 396) and Cirrhinus reba (at positions 108, 273, 310, 345, 420, 462, 495, 540 and 591) including 3 incidents of transversion (A instead of C). Thus, two different groups of C. reba emerged in the phylogram. This study, for the first time, focuses on COI based molecular characterization of the threatened fish species of Bangladesh and therefore, might work as a referral study for their authentic identification and in-situ conservation.

Bioresearch Commu. 7(2): 990-998, 2021 (June)
C Reactive Protein Response in Severe Acute Malnutrition with Infection
Authors: Hasan Ahmed Rashidul , Nahar Kamrun , Mahmud Salahuddin , Haque Emdadul , Ahmed Syed Shafi
Published: June 2021

Background: Nearly half of all deaths in children under-five are attributable to malnutrition, translating into the loss of about 3 million young lives a year. The interaction between malnutrition and infection can create a potentially lethal cycle of worsening illness and deteriorating nutritional status. They have altered defense mechanisms during an early infections process, with an increased synthesis of some acute phase proteins including CRP.

Objectives: Objective of the study was to identify whether CRP response is helpful in early detection of infection in severe SAM. It may also help to reduce childhood mortality associated with SAM.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with total 50 SAM patients who were admitted in the Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition unit of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from October 2010 to March 2011. Immediately after admission, clinical evaluation and management was started after sending several investigations along with serum CRP. Re-evaluation of serum CRP was done approximately after 7 days. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 24.

Results: Among the 50 SAM patients, 29 patients were presented with oedema(group-A) and 21 patients were without oedema (group-B). Majority (40) were below 2 years of age with male predominance. Thirty-five patients were partially immunized [69% in group-A and 71.4% in group-B]. During initial assessment, 46% children were hypothermic and76% were hypoglycemic. Nutritional status (z score) weight-for-age, height/length-for-age, weight for height/length in group-A were -4.56±1.00, -4.27±1.97, -2.71±0.97 and in group- B were -4.65±0.78, -5.06±2.34, -2.58±1.00 respectively. Pneumonia (42%) and diarrhoea (36%) were more common. Increased WBC count was found in 80% patients; and only 10% had low hemoglobin level (<5 gm/dl). Majority (44%) of them had pulmonary infection which was found in their chest X-rays. Immediately after admission serum CRP were high [mean CRP 39.44(±16.04)] in all most all patients, irrespective of their types of malnutrition. After 7 days of management, their CRP became normal [07.24 (± 2.75)], p=<0.001. Mean CRP was less [34.90 (±16.60)] in group-A than in group-B [45.72 (±13.16)] on admission and the finding was statistically significant, p=<0.001.

Conclusion: Plasma level of CRP constitute a good screening test for the presence of infection in malnourished children and act as a sensitive indicator of recovery from infection and malnutrition.

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(2): 125-133
Pattern of Burn Injury in Children Presented to Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital
Authors: Alam Muhammad Rashedul , Ullah Md Saif , Biswas Prosanto Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background: Children are mostly affected in burn injury at our country like other low and middle income countries (LMICs). Approximately 90% of the burns occur in under developed countries, which generally lack the necessary infrastructure to reduce the incidence and severity of burns.

Objectives: This study was done to investigate the pattern of burn cases admitted to Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital (DSH).

Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted over the period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019 at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The data was collected from the patients record section of the hospital. Patients characteristics (e.g. age, sex), causes and severity of injury, outcome, hospital stay and seasonal variation were analized in this study.

Results: A total of 91 patients were admitted during study period of one year. This study consisted of 53 male patients (58.24%) and 38 female patients (41.76%) with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The most frequently hospitalized burn patients were in the age group 3-5 years, which accounted for 30.77% of patients. Burns were more common during winter season followed by autumn season, with 43 cases (47.25%) and 18 cases (19.78%) respectively. The highest number of admissions was during the month of December. Scald burn was the most common cause of burn injury in our study which accounted for 83 cases out of 91 cases (91.2%). Flame burn occured in 3(3.29%) patients. There were 2 cases of electric burn and 2 cases of contact burn during this study period. One patient was with chemical burn. Scald burn was the most common cause of burn injury in this study which accounted for 83 cases out of 91 cases (91.2%). Flame burn occured in 3(3.29%) patients. There were 2 cases of electric burn and 2 cases of contact burn during this study period. One patient was with chemical burn.

Conclusion: The most frequently hospitalized burn patients were in the age group 3-5 years and more common during winter season. Most of the burn occured in children are scald in our country due to accidental fall of worm liquid. Superficial epidermal and dermal burns are treated conservatively, but deep burns may require surgical treatment.

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(2): 134-137
COVID-19 and Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Pandemic Implication
Authors: Mamun Mohammad Abdullah Al , Hussain Manzoor , Rima Rezoana
Published: June 2021

While the global coronavirus crisis worsens, a surprising feature of the disease appears that children might be immune from the worst form of it. Studies suggest that COVID- 19 is more likely to infect older adult men, particularly those with comorbidities. There is only limited data detailing the effects of COVID-19 on the pediatric population. Patients with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Certain adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) and with complex congenital heart disease can be considered as high risk for complications related to COVID-19 infection on the basis of decreased functional reserve. While no study on COVID-19 has been included paediatric patients with congenital heart disease, it stands to reason that patients with congenital heart disease can be considered at higher risk for complications from COVID-19. Given the increased risk for severe COVID-19 in adults with underlying cardiac disease, there is concern that patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) may likewise be at increased risk for severe infection, as they are known to have higher risk for complications with viral illnesses including respiratory syncytial virus and influenza.

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(2): 138-145
Abstracts From Current Literature Vol 36 (2)
Authors: Editor -
Published: June 2021

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(2): 170-173
BICH News Vol 36(2)
Authors: Editor -
Published: June 2021

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(2): 174
A Comparative Study between Endoscopic Septoplasty and Conventional Septoplasty
Authors: Islam Md Ashraful , Mohammad Tareq , Chowdhury Nazmul Hossain , Mamoon Towsif Bin , Khan Saif Rahman , Rahman ASM Lutfur
Published: June 2021

Background: Conventional nasal septal surgery depending on head light improves the nasal airway but leaves some complications, but with recent advancement in endoscopic approach limits the complication and improves the outcome. This is due to better visualization, improved illumination, avoiding unnecessary manipulation, limited exposure and scope for second surgery if required.

Aim and objective: To assess the functional outcome of endoscopic septoplasty over conventional septoplasty.

Material and method: This study was carried out in the department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery of Bangladesh Medical College Hospital and Popular Medical College Specialized Hospital over a period of 5 years (2014- 2019). Ethical clearance was obtained from Hospital authority. All consecutive patients with symptomatic deviated nasal septum who were refractory to medical treatment were included in the study. Patients were equally divided into two groups of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty. Patients & their attendants, or legal guardians (in patients of less than 18 years) were thoroughly briefed about the each operative procedure. Patients with acute rhinitis or allergic rhinitis or vasomotor rhinitis or upper respiratory tract infection, external deformity, patients unfit for surgeries and patients not giving consent were excluded from the study. After surgery all patients were followed up monthly, 3 monthly and 6 monthly for 01 year. At each follow up visit, subjective and objective assessments were done. Objective assessment was done by Gertner-Podoshin plate and diagnostic nasal endoscopy.

Results: In this study, nasal obstruction was relieved in 91% of conventional and 95% in endoscopic septoplasty group. Headache was improved in 75.68% and 86.5% patients and snoring was improved in 79.5% & 88.6% of patients of respectively. Intraoperative complications such as hemorrhage (21.67% vs 3.33%) and mucosal tear (28.33% vs 5%) are significantly higher in conventional septoplasty group than the endoscopy group.

Conclusion: The use of endoscope in septal surgery improves visualization, illumination, and thus reduces complication with improved functional outcome. It can be performed in other diseases of nose and para nasal sinus diseases in the perspective of functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(3): 178-184
Covid-19 — An Epic Pandemic is on the Loose!
Authors: Ahmed Iftikhar
Published: June 2021

Abstract not available

J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(2): 64-68
Non-Diabetic Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy
Authors: Chowdhury Jubaida Khanam , Hasan AKM Rashed Ul , Talukder Rajee Mahmud , Chowdhury Md Nizamuddin , Islam Md Nazrul
Published: June 2021

Background: In diabetic patients a good proportion of nephropathy is due to nephropathy other than diabetic renal disease. The detection of superimposed primary nondiabetic renal disease in diabetic patients has an obvious prognostic and therapeutic importance.

Objectives: To find out the proportion of diabetic subjects suffering from nondiabetic renal disease (NDRD) and to describe histological varieties in appropriate group.

Materials and Methods: This crosssectional study was done in Department of Nephrology, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from August 2015 to October 2016. Total 37 type 2 diabetic patients were selected. Renal biopsy was done and four cases were excluded due to inadequate sample. Tissue was sent for histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) examination. On the basis of histological diagnosis of biopsy reports patients were divided into three groups. Group I: Isolated NDRD, Group II: NDRD superimposed on diabetic nephropathy (mixed lesion) and Group III: Isolated diabetic nephropathy (DN). Each patient was evaluated for retinopathy from Ophthalmology department. Based on the presence or absence of retinopathy 33 patients were again divided into two groups. Group A includes patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and Group B includes patients without diabetic retinopathy.

Results: NDRD was found in 57.6% cases, NDRD plus diabetic nephropathy (DN) in 21.2% and isolated DN in 21.2% cases. In Group A (patients with DR) NDRD, DN and mixed lesion were present in 7 (41.2%), 5 (29.4%) and 5 (29.4%) cases. In Group B (patients without DR) NDRD, DN and mixed lesion were present in 12 (75%), 2 (12.5%) and 2 (12.5%) cases respectively. p value (0.189) was not significant.

Conclusion: Kidney disease other than diabetic nephropathy can occur in type 2 diabetic patients. In this study NDRD was found in high frequency. Lack of retinopathy is a poor predictor of nondiabetic kidney disease. Therefore, renal biopsy should be recommended in type 2 diabetic patients with risk factors of NDRD for accurate diagnosis, prompt initiation of disease-specific treatment and ultimately better renal outcome.

J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(2): 73-78
Hirschsprung’s Disease: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Md Benzamin - , Md Rukunuzzaman - , Mazumder Md Wahiduzzaman , Karim ASM Bazlul
Published: June 2021

Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is a rare genetic congenital defect of intestine causing failure of migration of parasympathetic ganglionic cells in some definite part of intestine, resulting in functional intestinal obstruction. It commonly involves rectosigmoid region of colon but other parts of colon or total colon, even small intestine may be affected. Incidence is 1/5000 live births. It is one of the common pediatric surgical problems and 2nd most organic cause of constipation. Symptoms may be evident from 1st day of life. About 90% infants with Hirschprung’s disease fail to pass meconium in 1st 24 hours of life. About 80% HD cases are diagnosed in early few months of life and present with abdominal distention, constipation, poor feeding, vomiting etc. HD enterocolitis is a devastating condition related to mortality. HD may be associated with some congenital anomalies and syndrome. High index of suspicion is the main key to diagnosis. Radiological investigation supports the diagnosis and rectal biopsy for histopathology is confirmatory. Although it is a surgical problem, physician can play a key role in early diagnosis and thus help to prevent HD enterocolitis-related mortality and restore near-normal life.

J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(2): 104-113
Jejunogastric Intussusception: A Rare Complication of Gastric Surgery
Authors: Shanta Kaniza Kabir , Amin Mashah Binte
Published: June 2021

Abstract not available

J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(2): 126-129
Objetivos e intereses de las insurrecciones tacneñas durante la crisis del régimen colonial español 1780-1813
Authors: Choque Alanoca Efrain
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo tuvo por objetivo analizar los propósitos e intereses económicos y políticos de los núcleos rebeldes que dirigieron los movimientos liberadores en el sur peruano (los corregimientos de Arica y Tarapacá) durante la coyuntura de la independencia a partir de la observación concreta de las narrativas esbozadas con motivo de las insurrecciones de José Gabriel Condorcanqui (Túpac Amaru II), Francisco Antonio de Zela, y Enrique Paillardelle en la región. Para el efecto, se realizó un estado de la cuestión realizando un análisis de contenido de estudios procedentes de fuentes nacionales e internaciones, para lo cual se utilizó una muestra criterial en base a ensayos procedentes de los representantes de las narrativas liberal y la historia crítica; por lo que se realiza en el marco de un diseño descriptivo- explicativo. La pertinencia radica en que la dilucidación de dichos rasgos constitutivos de cada movimiento permitirá diferenciar su naturaleza y sus propósitos asumidos de manera que se alcance a reconstruir con mayor objetividad el desarrollo de la independencia en el sur peruano. Las conclusiones sugieren que existe una narrativa liberal-republicana de este proceso propuesta por Rómulo Cúneo- Vidal (1921) y otra de tipo crítico-nacional en construcción sustentada por la nueva historia con Oscar Panty, entre otros. La primera vio en el movimiento tupacamarista una conjura contra el sistema, llamando a sus líderes como temibles “sanguinarios”; o el “(…) ataque de los rebeldes” al pueblo de Tacna; mientras que la nueva historia sostiene que con el movimiento de Túpac Amaru II se inicia una coyuntura de ruptura radical -como parte del movimiento nacional indígena- con el sistema colonial imperante; mientras que el de Zela constituye una rebelión autonomista-reformista y el de Paillardelle uno de signo separatista, pero estas dos últimas dentro del movimiento de liberación criollo vinculado a comerciantes y hacendados provincianos.
Dinamika Proses Pengendapan Sedimen Holosen di Hilir Sungai Bengawan Solo serta Wilayah Pasang Surut di Gresik dan Sekitarnya, Jawa Timur.
Authors: Moechtar Rio Alcanadre Tanjung
Published: June 2021

Daerah penelitian terletak di wilayah Kabupaten Gresik dan Kabupaten Lamongan, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menelaah dinamika proses serta interval pengendapan berdasarkan aspek sedimentologi dan stratigrafi. Untuk mengetahui kondisi bawah permukaan pada objek penelitian digunakan metoda pemboran dangkal sebanyak 40 (empat puluh) titik yang selanjutnya dilakukan analisis sedimentologi dan stratigrafi. Hasil pemboran menunjukkan terdapat 13 jenis endapan, yaitu endapan dataran banjir Bengawan Solo (EDbBs), alur sungai Bengawan Solo (EAsBs), dataran banjir (EDb) termasuk pengaruh pasang surut (EDbps), alur sungai (EAs) termasuk pengaruh pasang surut (EAsps), cekungan banjir (ECb), pasir rombakan (EPr), rawa (ER) dan pengaruh pasang surutnya (ERps), pantai (EP), laut dekat pantai (ELdp), dan laut lepas pantai (ELlp). Hasil analisis stratigrafi membedakan menjadi 3 (tiga) interval perioda pengendapan, yaitu interval muka laut rendah pertama (MLR 1), muka laut tinggi (MLT), dan muka laut rendah kedua (MLR 2). Perubahan tubuh sedimen secara lateral dan vertical ditafsirkan sebagai hasil proses eksternal seperti fluktuasi muka air laut, sirkulasi iklim serta tektonik.Katakunci: Holosen, muka laut, iklim, tektonik, Gresik.
Potensi Batuan Induk Hidrokarbon di Cekungan Mesozoikum Embaluh Utara,Daerah Kalimantan Utara dan Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Sodiq Fajar , Z Moh. Heri Hermiyanto
Published: June 2021

Cekungan Embaluh Utara merupakan cekungan Mesozoikum yang berada di wilayah Kalimantan Utara. Cekungan ini mempunyai sangat sedikit data terutama tentang potensi hidrokarbon. Beberapa analisis laboratorium yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah TOC dan Rock Eval Pyrolysis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis TOC dan Rock-Eval Pirolisis (REP) serta pengeplotan pada diagram  S2 vs TOC dan HI vs Tmax seluruh percontoh juga menunjukkan batuan memiliki kualitas kerogen Tipe II/III,Tipe III, dan Tipe IV. Kematangan batuan induk berada pada kisaran belum matang sampai lewat matang. Secara garis besar serpih Formasi Mentarang dan Formasi Sebakung memiliki potensi sebagai batuan induk di Cekungan Embaluh Utara.Katakunci: Kalimantan Utara, Embaluh Utara, Formasi Mentarang, tipe kerogen, hidrokarbon.
Peninjauan Kembali Keragaman Fosil Foraminifera untuk Penentuan Umur Batugamping Formasi Karangbolong
Authors: Patriani Emma Yan , Yurnaldi Dida , Setyawan Ruli
Published: June 2021

Perbukitan Karangbolong merupakan salah satu paparan karbonat di Pulau Jawa bagian selatan. Sedikitnya literatur dan belum adanya informasi terbaru tentang perbukitan ini menyebabkan daerah ini menjadi menarik untuk ditinjau kembali. Makalah ini mencoba melihat kembali keragaman fosil foraminifera yang berada di Perbukitan Karangbolong. Dari duabelas sampel batuan yang diambil di lapangan secara acak, terdapat sembilan sampel batuan yang mengandung fosil foraminifera penunjuk umur, yaitu plangtonik sebanyak empat keluarga dan bentonik besar sebanyak tujuh keluarga. Keragaman fosil foraminifera pada makalah ini menyajikan sudut pandang baru tentang tatanan umur di daerah Perbukitan Karangbolong. Hadirnya fosil Nummulites fichteli yang melimpah, terawetkan dengan baik dan tidak berasosiasi dengan fosil muda menunjukkan bahwa daerah Karangbolong ini terbentuk pada Oligosen, lebih awal dari dugaan sebelumnya. Sementara itu, kehadiran dua fosil reworked yang masing-masing berumur Eosen Awal dan Kapur Awal, yaitu Planorotalites palmerae (Cushman and Bermudez) dan Ticinella primula Luterbacher menunjukkan adanya kemungkinan sedimen yang lebih tua dari Formasi Gabon yang saat ini dianggap sebagai batuan alas di Daerah Karangbolong.Katakunci: Batugamping, terumbu, umur, Perbukitan Karangbolong.
CRITIC Temelli CODAS ve ROV Yöntemleri ile AB Ülkeleri Yaşam Kalitesi Analizi
Authors: ÇINAROĞLU Eda
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada Avrupa Birliği (AB) üye ülkeleri yaşam kalitesi analizi çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) tekniklerinden CRITIC, CODAS ve ROV yöntemlerinin kullanımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ülkelere ait yaşam kalitesi değerlendirme sürecinde satın alma gücü indeksi, iklim indeksi, yaşam maliyeti indeksi, güvenlik indeksi, sağlık hizmeti indeksi, emlak fiyatları/gelir oranı, kirlilik indeksi ve trafikte harcanan süre indeksi kriterleri esas alınmıştır. Veriler Numbeo adlı internet sitesinden edinilmiş olup, 2020 yılı kasım ayı değerleridir. Kriter ağırlıklarının belirlenmesi aşamasında CRITIC yöntemi kullanılmış, yaşam kalitesi değerlendirme sürecine ait en fazla önem arz eden kriterin yaşam maliyeti indeksi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ülkelerin yaşam kalitesi açısından değerlendirilmesi aşamasında ise CODAS ve ROV yöntemlerinin kullanımı tercih edilmiş olup, her iki yöntem ile de yaşam kalitesi düzeyinin en yüksek olduğu ülkenin Danimarka olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç Danimarka’nın yaşam maliyeti indeksi değerinin minimum olması ile örtüşmektedir. Yine her iki yöntem ile elde edilen sonuçlar yaşam kalitesi düzeyinin en düşük olduğu ülkenin Yunanistan olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
Progress in practical hydrogen production and utilisation in East Asia
Authors: Suwidji Pradipto , Chung Hoi Ying , Ng Yun Hau
Published: June 2021

Development of hydrogen utilisation for energy applications has seen promising innovation towards the future prospect of clean and sustainable energy, benefitting various aspects of environmental, social, industrial and energy security. In the APEC region, several economies, such as the USA, China, Australia, Japan and South Korea, have shown interest in the development of hydrogen technology for energy applications. These economies have been devoting effort towards research and development programmes, pilot projects and, up to a certain point, implementing it in their communities. In addition, these economies each have their own tailored hydrogen roadmap or strategy, ensuring a smoother path towards hydrogen development. In this mini-review, we analysed the approaches of three selected economies in the East Asia region towards hydrogen technology, namely China, Japan and South Korea. Each of these economies have their own strategies and priorities towards the application, production and future development of hydrogen technology. This review also analyses
the future possibilities for the integration of hydrogen technology into various sectors, as well as various constraints faced by each economy. Therefore, the review might serve as a valuable reference towards the feasibility of future hydrogen technology development in the East Asia and APEC region.
HAKİKAT ÖTESİ, YALAN HABER VE KOLEKTİF BELLEĞİ ÇARPITMA DİNAMİKLERİ BAĞLAMINDA 6-7 EYLÜL 1955 OLAYLARI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: SOYSAL Murat
Published: June 2021

Hakikat ötesi, hakikatin anlamını yitirdiği, belirsizleştiği ve bu doğrultuda politikaların belirlendiği bir dönemi ifade etmektedir. Hakikat ötesinin kullanım araçlarından biri olan yalan haber ise bilginin eksik ve kasıtlı bir biçimde aktarılmasıdır. Bu iki yaklaşım veya kavram sosyal bilimler alanında yapılan çalışmaların konuları arasında yer almaya başlamıştır. Hakikat ötesi ve yine bunun bir aracı olarak kabul edilen yalan haber konusunda çeşitli disiplinlerde tarihsel ve toplumsal olay örnekleri üzerinden çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak tarih alanında aynı sıklıkta çalışmalara yer verilmemiştir. Kolektif bellek ve kolektif belleği çarpıtma dinamikleri ise toplum, siyaset, basın ve tarihi olaylar üzerine yapılan araştırmalarda ele alınan, ilişkilendirilen kuram ve yaklaşımlardır.

Yunanistan’ın 1940’lı yıllarda başlattığı faaliyetlerle ortaya çıkan Kıbrıs sorunu, sonraki yıllarda Türkiye, Yunanistan ve ada halkının gündemini oluşturan önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. 6-7 Eylül 1955 Olayları ise Kıbrıs sorunun çözümü konusunda Türkiye ve Yunanistan arasında sürdürülen diplomatik görüşmelerin devam ettiği esnada yaşanmıştır. Bu olaylar, yakın döneme dair tarih araştırmalarının konusu haline gelmiş ve yine farklı disiplinlerde bu konuyla ilgili çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada 6-7 Eylül 1955 Olayları; hakikat ötesi, yalan haber ve kolektif belleği çarpıtma dinamikleri bağlamında incelenmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Bu dönemin basın faaliyetleri, olayların öncesi ve sonrasında yapılan haberler, çalışmanın temel inceleme konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada son dönemlerde sosyal bilimler alanında çok daha fazla ele alınan yeni yaklaşımlar bağlamında tarihi ve toplumsal bir olayın nasıl değerlendirilebileceği ve yorumlanabileceği konusunda bir yöntem çalışması elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çok daha ayrıntılı çalışmaları gerektiren 6-7 Eylül Olaylarının faillerinin tespiti ve olayların ideolojik nedensellikleri çerçevesinde yapılan tartışmalar ise bu çalışmanın kapsamı dışındadır.