bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of epilepsy patients and caregivers who either have or have not heard of SUDEP
Authors: Kroner Barbara L. , Wright Cyndi , Friedman Daniel , Macher Kim , Preiss Liliana , Misajon Jade , Devinsky Orrin
Published: October 2014

Objective

Describe the characteristics of persons with epilepsy (PWEs) and caregivers that have or have not heard of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) prior to completing a survey through the Internet or in the clinical setting.

Methods

An online survey for adult PWEs and caregivers was solicited by e‐mail and newsletter to Epilepsy Therapy Project members. A similar survey was implemented in a clinic setting of a community hospital. The survey asked about seizure characteristics, epilepsy management, fear of death, and familiarity with the term SUDEP. Respondents that never heard of SUDEP read a definition and responded to questions about their initial reactions.

Results

Surveys from 1,392 PWEs and 611 caregivers recruited through an epilepsy Website and a clinic demonstrated that Internet respondents were much more likely to have heard about SUDEP than the clinic population (71.1% vs. 38.8%; p < 0.001), and caregivers of PWEs were more likely to have heard about SUDEP than PWEs (76.2% vs. 65.2%; p < 0.001). Prior awareness was related to an increased level of education, more severe and longer duration of epilepsy, and having an epileptologist as the primary care provider. Although most PWEs and caregivers reported feelings of fear, anxiety, and sadness after first hearing of SUDEP, they wanted to discuss it with their doctor. Persons with epilepsy, and especially their caregivers, often worry that the PWEs may die of epilepsy or seizures. This worry escalated with knowledge of SUDEP and increased epilepsy severity. Approximately half of PWEs and caregivers believed that knowledge about SUDEP would influence their epilepsy management.

Significance

Our results may help epilepsy care providers determine when to facilitate a discussion about epilepsy‐related mortality and SUDEP among patients and caregivers, and to educate those at high risk about the importance of seizure control as well as reduce fears about death in patients with well‐controlled and nonconvulsive epilepsies.
Epigenetic repression of regulator of G‐protein signaling 2 by ubiquitin‐like with PHD and ring‐finger domain 1 promotes bladder cancer progression
Authors: Ying Liang , Lin Jun , Qiu Feng , Cao Ming , Chen Haige , Liu Zhihong , Huang Yiran
Published: October 2014

Ubiquitin‐like with PHD and ring‐finger domain 1 (UHRF1) binds to methylated promoters of tumor‐suppressor genes and suppresses gene expression by forming complexes with DNA methyltransferases. Recent studies have shown that repression of regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) 2 increases cancer cell growth. However, little is known about whether UHRF1 promotes bladder cancer progression by epigenetic silencing of RGS2. Here, we show that UHRF1 expression is increased in bladder cancer cell lines and in most bladder cancer tissues as compared with normal controls. UHRF1 overexpression increases bladder cancer cell proliferation, whereas inhibition of UHRF1 suppresses cell proliferation. In bladder cancer cells, UHRF1 inhibits RGS2 expression by increasing the methylation of CpG nucleotides of the RGS2 promoter. DNA methylation analysis showed tumor‐specific TGS2 promoter methylation in 73% (38/52) of bladder tumors. High UHRF1 expression of correlated with aberrant TGS2 promoter methylation in bladder tumors, which results in the loss of TGS2 expression, as confirmed by demethylation analysis in cell lines. Functionally, re‐expression of RGS2 partly abrogates UHRF1‐induced bladder cell proliferation. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that low TGS2 expression is significantly correlated with reduced overall survival in patients with bladder cancer. These results demonstrate that epigenetic repression of RGS2 by UHRF1 contributes to bladder cancer progression.
Zooplankton biomass dynamics in oligotrophic versus eutrophic conditions: a test of the PEG model
Authors: Straile Dietmar
Published: October 2014

The model of the International Society of Limnology (SIL) Plankton Ecology working group (hereafter the PEG model) is a verbal model describing the patterns and driving factors of seasonal phytoplankton and zooplankton succession in oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes (Sommer et al., 1986). Despite being a citation classic, tests of the PEG model with respect to differences in zooplankton biomass dynamics between oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes are lacking.

Here, I use the long‐term data from Lake Constance, which during the last 100 year changed from an (ultra‐) oligotrophic lake to a eutrophic lake and back to an oligotrophic lake to analyse trophic status differences in zooplankton biomass seasonality. Using data from one lake allows one to study trophic influences on biomass dynamics without the confounding effects of lake geographical setting and lake morphology, which complicate comparative dynamics in eutrophic versus oligotrophic lakes. However, environmental changes due to other driving factors, for example climate change, may possibly alter biomass dynamics as well.

Data from Lake Constance do not support the differences in zooplankton seasonality in respect to peak timing between eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes suggested by the PEG model. Rather total zooplankton biomass, as well as cladoceran and copepod biomass showed a peak in May/June during all trophic conditions. Biomass dynamics of cladocerans during spring were more strongly influenced by water temperature than by trophic state. Furthermore, analyses of the geographical setting of the lakes considered in Sommer et al. (1986) suggest that the proposed differences in zooplankton seasonality between eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes are at least partially due to the confounding effect of lake altitudinal setting; the oligotrophic lakes were located at higher altitude than the eutrophic lakes.

As a consequence of the results from Lake Constance, and the bias detected in the Sommer et al. (1986) study, a modified PEG model is proposed which considers low water temperature and not food limitation as the most important factor reducing zooplankton growth rate during early spring in both oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes.
Long‐term expression of the lamin A mutant associated with dilated cardiomyopathy induces senescence
Authors: Moriuchi Takanobu , Muraoka Takuya , Mio Kazuhiro , Osumi Takashi , Hirose Fumiko
Published: October 2014

Mutation of the lamin A gene (LMNA) causes a diverse range of diseases referred to as laminopathies. Because most laminopathies have a dominant inheritance pattern and progress gradually, cultured cells stably expressing mutant lamin A at the same level as endogenous wild‐type cells are required for chronological analysis. In this study, we showed that an expression system involving a lentiviral vector that carries the human metallothionein gene basal promoter ensures stable and basal‐level expression of proteins and is thus suitable for investigating the properties of lamin A mutants. The small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO) modification (SUMOylation)‐defective E203G mutant that is associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy exhibited abnormal subnuclear distribution and inhibited normal localization of WT lamin A in a dominant‐negative manner. Low‐level and long‐term expression of the E203G mutant resulted in multinucleated giant cells, aberrant lipid droplet accumulation in the cytoplasm and premature senescence. Expression of another SUMOylation‐defective mutant (K201R) did not induce any phenotypes observed in cells expressing E203G. These results indicate that the E203G mutant may inhibit the normal functions of wild‐type lamin A in a dominant‐negative manner, but a defect in SUMOylation itself may not be involved in disease pathogenesis.
From Wakefulness to Sleep: Migraine and Hypnic Headache Association in a Series of 23 Patients
Authors: Ruiz Marina , Mulero Patricia , Pedraza María Isabel , de la Cruz Carolina , Rodríguez Cristina , Muñoz Irene , Barón Johanna , Guerrero Angel Luis
Published: October 2014

Objectives/Background

We analyzed characteristics of hypnic headache (HH), migraine and the relationship between both headaches in 23 patients. HH is an uncommon primary headache characterized by exclusively sleep‐related attacks. Concurrence of other headaches, mainly migraine, has been reported, but relationship between both syndromes has rarely been considered.

Methods

We prospectively collected data in a headache outpatient office from January 2008 to September 2013. Demographic data and migraine and hypnic headache mean features were assessed.

Results

Twenty‐three out of 2500 (0.92%) were diagnosed with HH or probable HH, and 16 of them (69.5%) had a history of migraine. Mean age at onset of HH and migraine was 56.2 ± 9.3 and 24.6 ± 12.2 years, respectively. In 12 cases, migraine attacks disappeared at 56.7 ± 9.8 years old. Regarding the relationship between both syndromes, in 10 patients, migraine disappeared and HH began immediately after. In 1 case there was a pain‐free period, and in 5 an overlap between both headaches was registered.

Conclusion

A history of migraine is common in HH patients in our series. Most frequent transition pattern was an immediate change between both syndromes. Hypnic headache and migraine might share a common pathophysiological predisposition.
Symptomatic Lacrimal Neuralgia After Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Cuadrado María‐Luz , Aledo‐Serrano Ángel
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Lacrimal neuralgia has only recently been described in 3 cases. None of them had an underlying lesion or any precipitating event, so they were considered primary. Here, we report a symptomatic case due to surgical trauma.

Case report

A 73‐year‐old woman started having a circumscribed pain at age 66 after left cataract surgery. The pain was located in a small area of her left temple next to the lateral canthus. Pain attacks lasted 1‐2 minutes, and were associated with allodynia. The attacks were precipitated by light touch on the eyelid or the temple, and were also evoked by palpation of the superoexternal angle of the orbit. An anesthetic blockade performed at the emergence of the lacrimal nerve resulted in complete and long‐lasting pain relief.

Conclusion

Lacrimal neuralgia may be due to local trauma. This new case not only reinforces the existence of a specific neuralgia of the lacrimal nerve, but also introduces a classification into primary and secondary forms based on the etiology.
Characteristics and Management of Arachnoid Cyst in the Pediatric Headache Clinic Setting
Authors: Eidlitz‐Markus Tal , Zeharia Avi , Haimi Cohen Yishai , Konen Osnat
Published: October 2014

Objective/Background

Arachnoid cysts are generally identified incidentally on brain imaging, although they occasionally cause symptoms because of expansion or bleeding. This study aims to describe patients in whom an arachnoid cyst was identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study performed for the evaluation of headache in a pediatric headache clinic and to highlight the clinical dilemma posed by this finding.

Methods

A retrospective descriptive study design was used. The electronic database of a tertiary pediatric headache clinic was searched for all newly admitted patients with headache who underwent MRI evaluation in 2008‐2013. The indications for imaging were based on clinical practice parameters recommended by the Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Clinical and imaging parameters were collected from the files. Findings were compared between patients with and without an arachnoid cyst.

Results

Of the 250 (31%) of 800 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 11 (4.4%) had an arachnoid cyst. Two patients had a ruptured cyst with midline shifting and a large subdural collection. Both presented with headache, vomiting, phonophobia, and photophobia. In the other 9 asymptomtic patients with an arachnoid cyst, imaging showed only a mild mass effect without midline shifting; their symptoms were considered unrelated to the cyst. The patients with a symptomatic arachnoid cyst were referred for surgery, with good outcome.

Conclusions

Arachnoid cysts are found in a small percentage of brain scans performed for evaluation of headache in the setting of a hospital‐based pediatric headache clinic. For the long run in these clinical settings, most of the cysts are asymptomatic. Precise anamnesis, neurologic examination, and imaging performed according to accepted practice guidelines may help clinicians determine if the headache and symptoms are caused by the cyst or if they should seek primary headache diagnosis with overlapping symptoms. The clinical distinction between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (symptoms that are directly related to the arachnoid cyst) may be difficult. Family history of migraine may help in the diagnosis of asymptomatic patients.
Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a predictor in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Terashima Takeshi , Yamashita Tatsuya , Iida Noriho , Yamashita Taro , Nakagawa Hidetoshi , Arai Kuniaki , Kitamura Kazuya , Kagaya Takashi , Sakai Yoshio , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Honda Masao , Kaneko Shuichi
Published: October 2014

Aim

Inflammation plays a critical role in cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 266 patients with advanced HCC treated with HAIC between March 2003 and December 2012. NLR was calculated from the differential leukocyte count by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count.

Results

The cut‐off level of NLR was set as the median value of 2.87 among all patients in this study. The objective response rate in the patients with low NLR was 37.6%, which was significantly better than that of the patients with high NLR (21.1%; P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that low NLR remained associated with the response to HAIC (P = 0.024). Median progression‐free survival and median overall survival in patients with high NLR were 3.2 and 8.0 months, respectively, which were significantly shorter than that of the patients with low NLR (5.6 and 20.7 months; P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). High NLR was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. The patient outcome was stratified more clearly by NLR calculated after HAIC added to calculations before HAIC. Serum platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB level was positively correlated with NLR.

Conclusion

Results suggest that NLR is a useful predictor in patients with advanced HCC treated with HAIC. These findings may be useful in determining treatment strategies or in designing clinical chemotherapy trials in future.
Carnoy's solution is an adequate tissue fixative for routine surgical pathology, preserving cell morphology and molecular integrity
Authors: Pereira Marina A , Dias Andre R , Faraj Sheila F , Cirqueira Cinthya dos S , Tomitao Michele T , Carlos Nahas Sergio , Ribeiro Ulysses , de Mello Evandro S
Published: October 2014

Aims

To compare Carnoy's solution (CS) and 10% neutral buffered formalin solution (NBF) as tissue fixatives in colorectal cancer specimens.

Methods and results

Surgical specimens from patients with colorectal cancer were analysed. Three groups were studied, as follows: group 1 consisted of 16 paired samples fixed in CS and NBF; and groups 2 and 3 consisted of 14 prospective and 80 retrospective samples, respectively, both randomized for fixation in CS or NBF. Groups 1 and 2 were analysed for amount, quality and integrity of DNA. Morphological analysis, including some of the usual special stains and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were also performed for group 1, and Sanger sequencing for group 2. Immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions for mismatch repair proteins were studied in groups 1 and 3. Fixative performances were similar for morphology, special stains, and IHC reactions, as well as for the amount, quality and integrity of extracted DNA. PCR amplification was not possible in two cases from CS group 1. Sanger sequencing gave conclusive results for the CS samples tested.

Conclusions

Carnoy's solution and NBF are equivalent fixatives for colorectal cancer specimens and are adequate for routine utilization in surgical and molecular pathology.
Cadherin 17 is frequently expressed by ‘sclerosing variant’ pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour
Authors: Johnson Adam , Wright Jesse P , Zhao Zhiguo , Komaya Tatsuki , Parikh Alexander , Merchant Nipun , Shi Chanjuan
Published: October 2014

Aims

Recently, we described a series of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) featuring prominent stromal fibrosis, which we called sclerosing PanNETs. The aim of this study was to examine the pathological, immunophenotypic and clinical differences between sclerosing and non‐sclerosing PanNETs.

Methods and results

One hundred and six PanNETs were identified, of which 15 (14%) were sclerosing NETs. Tissue microarrays containing 44 non‐sclerosing and five sclerosing PanNETs, as well as sections from 10 additional sclerosing tumours, were immunohistochemically labelled for serotonin, CDX2, CDH17, and islet 1. Sclerosing PanNETs were smaller (P = 0.045) and more likely to show an infiltrative growth pattern (P < 0.001) than non‐sclerosing PanNETs. They were frequently associated with a large pancreatic duct, causing duct stenosis. Additionally, we found significantly increased expression of the small intestinal NET markers serotonin, CDX2 and CDH17 in sclerosing PanNETs (P < 0.001) as compared with non‐sclerosing PanNETs. No difference in clinical outcome was found; however, more sclerosing PanNETs were stage IIB or above (P = 0.035), with lymph node metastasis being seen in three of nine sclerosing PanNETs with a tumour size of <20 mm.

Conclusions

Sclerosing PanNETs have distinct pathological features and biomarker expression profiles. In addition, lymph node metastasis can be present even with small sclerosing PanNETs.
Microscopic extraovarian sex cord proliferations: an undescribed phenomenon
Authors: McCluggage W Glenn , Stewart Colin J R , Iacobelli Jean , Soma Anita , Cho Kathleen R , Heatley Mark K , Boyde Adam , Clarke Blaise A
Published: October 2014

Aims

To report a previously undescribed phenomenon of incidentally detected microscopic proliferations of sex cord cells, often mimicking adult granulosa cell tumour or sex cord tumour with annular tubules, in extraovarian locations.

Methods and results

The six cases were in patients aged 23–58 years. The proliferations were located in the fallopian tube in three cases, and in paraovarian connective tissues, the pelvic side wall, and appendiceal serosa (one case each). Microscopically, they were typically composed of well‐demarcated nests of regular cells with round/ovoid vesicular nuclei, some containing grooves. Microfollicular and/or cribriform arrangements were present in three cases. In five cases, the sex cord lineage was confirmed by positive staining with inhibin and/or calretinin and other sex cord markers. FOXL2 mutation analysis was performed in one case, but was inconclusive. Bilateral oophorectomies and bilateral cystectomies were performed in three cases and one case respectively; there was no sex cord–stromal neoplasm in the removed ovaries. In the two cases in which the ovaries were not removed, imaging showed no suspicious features. Follow‐up in four cases (11 months–6 years) has been uneventful.

Conclusions

The pathogenesis of these microscopic extraovarian sex cord proliferations is unknown, but they may represent non‐neoplastic proliferations of embryonic remnants.
Targeted mutation analysis of endometrial clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Hoang Lien N , McConechy Melissa K , Meng Bo , McIntyre John B , Ewanowich Carol , Gilks Cyril Blake , Huntsman David G , Köbel Martin , Lee Cheng‐Han
Published: October 2014

Aims

Endometrial clear cell carcinomas (CCC) constitute fewer than 5% of all carcinomas of the endometrium. Currently, little is known regarding the genetic basis of endometrial CCC.

Methods and results

We performed genomic and immunohistochemical analyses on 14 rigorously reviewed pure endometrial CCC. The genomic analysis consisted of sequencing the coding regions of 26 genes implicated previously in endometrial carcinoma. Twelve of 14 tumours displayed a prototypical CCC immunophenotype [napsin A+, hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1β (HNF1β+) and oestrogen receptor−] and all showed intact mismatch repair protein expression. We detected mutations in 11 of 14 tumours, and there was a predominance of mutations involving genes that are mutated more frequently in endometrial serous carcinomas than in endometrioid carcinomas. Two tumours displayed a prototypical serous carcinoma mutation profile (concurrent TP53 and PPP2R1A mutations, without PTEN, CTNNB1 or ARID1A mutation). No mutations in PTEN, CTNNB1 or POLE were identified.

Conclusions

The overall mutation profile of this cohort of endometrial CCC appears to be more serous‐like than endometrioid‐like, with a minor subset in the TP53‐mutated CCC showing serous carcinoma profile. These findings provide new insights into the molecular features of morphologically prototypical endometrial CCC, and underscore the need for further investigations into the oncogenesis of endometrial CCC.
Motivation for emergency and retirement saving: an examination of Regulatory Focus Theory
Authors: Cho Soo Hyun , Loibl Cäzilia , Geistfeld Loren
Published: October 2014

Can Regulatory Focus Theory be used to better understand consumers' saving attitudes and behaviours? The theory posits that prevention‐ and promotion‐oriented personality traits may influence financial decision making. Using secondary and experimental survey data, two research questions were examined: (1) Are promotion‐ and prevention‐related saving goals, in combination with promotion‐ and prevention‐oriented personality traits, related to attitudes towards saving behaviour? (2) To what extent does the match between these goals and traits affect actual saving behaviour? Findings confirmed that promotion‐oriented consumers were less likely to save for prevention goals, while the opposite was true for prevention‐oriented individuals. Further, consumers' saving goal and personality trait‐based regulatory focus were found to influence cognitive attitudes towards saving. The discussion focuses on how these findings and theoretical perspectives may predict and influence consumers' financial decision making.
Development of functional food with the participation of the consumer. Motivators for consumption of functional products
Authors: Kraus Artur
Published: October 2014

The purpose of the study was (1) to define the most important characteristics of functional food affecting purchasing decisions; (2) diagnose the importance of the healthful properties of functional food; (3) identify preferences for carriers (base product) and the importance of the functional components essential in the choice of functional products; and (4) get to know the motives by which consumers are guided when purchasing functional food. The data were collected through direct interview (n = 200). The research tool was a questionnaire divided into four sections. The first one included quality attributes. The second one included healthful properties, functional components and carriers. The third one concerned the motives for purchasing functional food and included the consequences and values. In the fourth section the participants were asked about gender, age and education. The results of this study allowed determining the most important attributes of functional food products. Among quality attributes the most important are safe food, natural product and healthy product. The most important organoleptic attributes include nice taste. Very important attributes of packaging and labelling include expiry date and information on the healthful properties of the product. The most important healthful properties are associated with the attributes (1) strengthens the immune system; (2) reduces the risk of certain cancers; (3) reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases; (4) helps maintain the correct body weight; (5) strengthens eyesight; (6) improves memory; and (7) improves physical condition. The functional components concern mainly vitamins and minerals, omega‐3 fatty acids and dietary fibre. As the best base products, consideration was given to bread, dairy products, cereal products, mixtures of fruits and vegetables and meat products. In the motivation system there were distinguished functional consequences that included improvement of health, needs of the organism, and healthy eating and psychological consequences such as conscious choice and health promotion. The most important autotelic values include good health and long life, health safety, inner harmony, self‐respect and self‐confidence. The means to achieve these goals are responsibility for health and care for health. The study provides bases for a better understanding of the consumer's needs and optimization of activities related to the development and consumption of functional food. The results of this study may provide valuable support for actions connected with the promotion and marketing of food products.
Distinct contribution of protein kinase Cδ and protein kinase Cε in the lifespan and immune response of human blood monocyte subpopulations
Authors: Malavez Yadira , Voss Oliver H. , Gonzalez‐Mejia Martha Elba , Parihar Arti , Doseff Andrea I.
Published: October 2014

Monocytes, key components of the immune system, are a heterogeneous population comprised of classical monocytes (CD16−) and non‐classical monocytes (CD16+). Monocytes are short lived and undergo spontaneous apoptosis, unless stimulated. Dysregulation of monocyte numbers contribute to the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, yet the contribution of each subset remains poorly characterized. Protein kinase C (PKC) family members are central to monocyte biology; however, their role in regulating lifespan and immune function of CD16− and CD16+ monocytes has not been studied. Here, we evaluated the contribution of PKCδ and PKCε in the lifespan and immune response of both monocyte subsets. We showed that CD16+ monocytes are more susceptible to spontaneous apoptosis because of the increased caspase‐3, ‐8 and ‐9 activities accompanied by higher kinase activity of PKCδ. Silencing of PKCδ reduced apoptosis in both CD16+ and CD16− monocytes. CD16+ monocytes express significantly higher levels of PKCε and produce more tumour necrosis factor‐α in CD16+ compared with CD16− monocytes. Silencing of PKCε affected the survival and tumour necrosis factor‐α production. These findings demonstrate a complex network with similar topography, yet unique regulatory characteristics controlling lifespan and immune response in each monocyte subset, helping define subset‐specific coordination programmes controlling monocyte function.
Percutaneous Ultrasound‐Guided Arterial Angiography for Transarterial Coil Placement in Anesthetized and Standing Horses
Authors: Maninchedda Ugo , Lepage Olivier M. , Gangl Monika , Benredouane Kossay
Published: October 2014

Objective

To (1) describe ultrasound‐guided percutaneous introduction of a transarterial angiographic catheter into the common carotid artery (CCA); (2) investigate the feasibility of using angiography of the carotid arteries in the guttural pouch region and assess transarterial coil (TAC) placement into the internal carotid artery (ICA).

Study Design

Experimental study.

Animals

Healthy Standardbred horses (n = 6), aged 5–8 years.

Methods

Six horses had ultrasound‐guided percutaneous CCA catheterization and angiography under general anesthesia. Catheterization sites were ultrasonographically evaluated postoperatively. Ten weeks later using the same horses sedated and standing, the same procedure was combined with placement of a TAC in the ICA.

Results

Agitated contrast ultrasonography confirmed successful catheterization of the CCA. Needle puncture and introducer‐set penetration of the CCA were the main technical difficulties. Radiography and fluoroscopy confirmed successful angiography and TAC placement. Mild hematoma formation was recorded in 4 of 12 procedures.

Conclusion

Angiography and TCA placement in the ICA can be safely performed using a percutaneous approach to the CCA under ultrasound guidance, in standing or anesthetized horses. This approach might be used for TAC embolization procedure; however, technical difficulties and hematoma formation can impair the procedure.
Ischiectomy With Limb Preservation for a Dog With Ischial Chondrosarcoma: Case Report and Surgical Technique
Authors: Oblak Michelle L. , Boston Sarah E.
Published: October 2014

Objective

To describe the surgical technique for ischiectomy in the dog and to report the procedure in a case.

Study Design

Case report.

Animal

An 11‐year‐old spayed female mixed breed dog with chondrosarcoma of the ischium.

Methods

The dog presented for hindlimb lameness and evaluation after a radiographic finding of a lytic lesion confined to the left ischium. Following staging and confirmation of stage 1 disease, an ischiectomy with preservation of the hindlimb was performed.

Results

The dog recovered from surgery and was initially moderately lame on the hindlimb. Over time, the dog regained satisfactory hindlimb use and was alive >500 days postoperative with no evidence of local recurrence or metastatic disease.

Conclusions

Ischiectomy with hindlimb preservation is a technically straight‐forward procedure and in this case, resulted in good hindlimb function postoperatively. The procedure should be considered for the treatment of dogs with bone tumors confined to the ischium.
Nanodomain Engineered (K, Na)NbO3 Lead‐Free Piezoceramics: Enhanced Thermal and Cycling Reliabilities
Authors: Yao Fang‐Zhou , Wang Ke , Cheng Li‐Qian , Zhang Xiaodan , Zhang Wei , Zhu Fangyuan , Li Jing‐Feng
Published: October 2014

The growing environmental concerns have been pushing the development of viable green alternatives for lead‐based piezoceramics to be one of the priorities in functional ceramic materials. A polymorphic phase transition has been utilized to enhance piezoelectric properties of lead‐free (K, Na)NbO3‐based materials, accepting the drawbacks of high temperature and cycling instabilities. Here, we present that CaZrO3‐modified (K, Na)NbO3 piezoceramics not only possess excellent performance at ambient conditions benefiting from nanodomain engineering, but also exhibit superior stability against temperature fluctuation and electrical fatigue cycling. It was found that the piezoelectric coefficient d33 is temperature independent under 4 kV/mm, which can be attributed to enhanced thermal stability of electric field engineered domain configuration; whereas the electric field induced strain exhibits excellent fatigue resistance up to 107 sesquipolar cycles. These findings render the current material an unprecedented opportunity for actuator applications demanding improved thermal and cycling reliabilities.
Emotional Resistance Building: how family members of loved ones undergoing chemotherapy treatment process their fear of emotional collapse
Authors: McCarthy Bridie , Andrews Tom , Hegarty Josephine
Published: October 2014

Aims

To explore family members’ experiences when their loved one is undergoing chemotherapy treatment as an outpatient for newly diagnosed colorectal cancer and to develop an explanatory theory of how they process their main concern.

Background

Most individuals with cancer are now treated as outpatients and cared for by family members. International research highlights the many side effects of chemotherapy, which in the absence of specific information and/or experience can be difficult for family members to deal with. Unmet needs can have an impact on the health of both patients and family members.

Design

Classic grounded theory methodology was used for this study.

Method

Using classic grounded theory methodology, family members (n = 35) of patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment for cancer were interviewed (June 2010–July 2011). Data were analysed using the concurrent processes of constant comparative analysis, data collection, theoretical sampling and memo writing.

Findings

The main concern that emerged for participants was fear of emotional collapse. This fear was dealt with through a process conceptualized as ‘Emotional Resistance Building’. This is a basic social process with three phases: ‘Figuring out’, ‘Getting on with it’ and ‘Uncertainty adjustment’. The phases are not linear, but interrelated as participants can be in any one or more of the phases at any one time.

Conclusion

This theory has the potential to be used by healthcare professionals working in oncology to support family members of patients undergoing chemotherapy. New ways of supporting family members through this most difficult and challenging period are articulated within this theory.
Research Review: Functional brain connectivity and child psychopathology – overview and methodological considerations for investigators new to the field
Authors: Matthews Marguerite , Fair Damien A.
Published: October 2014

Background

Functional connectivity MRI is an emerging technique that can be used to investigate typical and atypical brain function in developing and aging populations. Despite some of the current confounds in the field of functional connectivity MRI, the translational potential of the technique available to investigators may eventually be used to improve diagnosis, early disease detection, and therapy monitoring.

Method and Scope

Based on a comprehensive survey of the literature, this review offers an introduction of resting‐state functional connectivity for new investigators to the field of resting‐state functional connectivity. We discuss a brief history of the technique, various methods of analysis, the relationship of functional networks to behavior, as well as the translational potential of functional connectivity MRI to investigate neuropsychiatric disorders. We also address some considerations and limitations with data analysis and interpretation.

Conclusions

The information provided in this review should serve as a foundation for investigators new to the field of resting‐state functional connectivity. The discussion provides a means to better understand functional connectivity and its application to typical and atypical brain function.
The pisiform growth plate is lost in humans and supports a role for Hox in growth plate formation
Authors: Kjosness Kelsey M. , Hines Jasmine E. , Lovejoy C. Owen , Reno Philip L.
Published: October 2014

The human pisiform is a small, nodular, although functionally significant, bone of the wrist. In most other mammals, including apes and Australopithecus afarensis, pisiforms are elongate. An underappreciated fact is that the typical mammalian pisiform forms from two ossification centers. We hypothesize that: (i) the presence of a secondary ossification center in mammalian pisiforms indicates the existence of a growth plate; and (ii) human pisiform reduction results from growth plate loss. To address these hypotheses, we surveyed African ape pisiform ossification and confirmed the presence of a late‐forming secondary ossification center in chimpanzees and gorillas. Identification of the initial ossification center occurs substantially earlier in apes relative to humans, raising questions concerning the homology of the human pisiform and the two mammalian ossification centers. Second, we conducted histological and immunohistochemical analyses of pisiform ossification in mice. We confirm the presence of two ossification centers separated by organized columnar and hypertrophic chondrocyte zones. Flattened chondrocytes were highly mitotic, indicating the presence of a growth plate. Hox genes have been proposed to play a fundamental role in growth plate patterning. The existence of a pisiform growth plate presents an interesting test case for the association between Hox expression and growth plate formation, and could explain the severe effects on the pisiform observed in Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 knockout mice. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that Hoxd11 is expressed adjacent to the pisiform in late‐stage embryonic mouse limbs supporting a role for Hox genes in growth plate specification. This raises questions concerning the mechanisms regulating Hox expression in the developing carpus.
A case study approach to the examination of a telephone‐based health coaching intervention in facilitating behaviour change for adults with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: McGloin Helen , Timmins Fiona , Coates Vivien , Boore Jennifer
Published: October 2014

Aims and objectives

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the use of telephone empowerment‐based health coaching as a cost‐effective alternative to changing health behaviours of adults with Type 2 diabetes.

Background

Guidelines regarding lifestyle management to reduce the risk of complications in diabetes include changing patterns of eating, physical activity and smoking cessation. Traditional education/behavioural methods of support for behaviour change reveal mixed and mainly short‐term effects.

Design

A mixed method case study approach was used (n = 10).

Methods

Data were collected by means of physiological measurements survey and focus group interview both before and after telephone a coaching intervention.

Results

Participants took greater responsibility for health and revealed high self‐efficacy scores. Short‐term benefits were seen in physiological variables at three months but these deteriorated with the cessation of the intervention indicating the need for continuous support.

Conclusion

Telephone coaching is a cost‐effective approach to supporting health behaviour change for those with diabetes. It embraces the principles of empowerment and warrants further evaluation in supporting long‐term behavioural changes. As such coaching emerges as a suitable proposition for this cohort.

Relevance to clinical practice

Health coaching has a positive impact on health behaviours for those with diabetes. Health coaching facilitates an increase in personal control of health and builds confidence in self‐managing diabetes. Patients feel really supported and become motivated towards self‐care.
Effect of turning vs. supine position under phototherapy on neonates with hyperbilirubinemia: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Wan Fei Shalin , Abdullah Khatijah L
Published: October 2014

Aims and objectives

To determine the most effective position jaundiced neonates should assume during phototherapy from appraised randomised controlled trials.

Background

Many local hospitals still alternate positions of jaundiced neonates receiving phototherapy despite the safe infant sleeping protocol of placing them supine.

Design

A systematic review was conducted.

Methods

Databases that included Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ScienceDirect, Embase and The Cochrane Library were used. Randomized controlled trials published in English language that evaluate the best position for healthy jaundiced neonates aged day 1 to 14 under phototherapy were searched. In addition, any positioning done every 2–3 hours during phototherapy with the outcome measures being bilirubin reduction and duration of phototherapy were also searched and included (n = 5). Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was adopted for quality assessment. All processes were conducted by both reviewers independently. Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Guideline were utilised. Out of 20 papers, five were included for qualitative synthesis. Data extraction was based on the template (participants, study designs etcetera) agreed by both authors.

Results

All five studies possessed external validity. One paper scored 7, three scored 5 while one scored 3. Four of these studies reported no difference in bilirubin reduction and duration of phototherapy. Only one study reported a significant drop in serum bilirubin and shorter duration of phototherapy in the supine group.

Conclusion

It has been proved that keeping the jaundiced newborns in the supine position throughout phototherapy is as effective as turning them periodically based on the appraised studies.

Relevance to clinical practice

It is unnecessary to alternate positions of the jaundiced neonates when conventional phototherapy is delivered to lighten nurses' workload.
Changing Routine: Reframing Performance Management within a Multinational
Authors: Stiles Philip , Trevor Jonathan , Farndale Elaine , Morris Shad S. , Paauwe Jaap , Stahl Günter K. , Wright Patrick
Published: October 2014

This paper seeks to extend the literature on how change occurs in organizational routines by examining the link between routines and schemata and showing the cognitive and motivational factors involved. Using an in‐depth analysis of a Japanese multinational, we develop an account of how a newly‐implemented centralized performance management routine is interpreted by managers at two subsidiaries. We show how different performances of subroutines emerge into a new ostensive pattern of a routine, and how the cognitive and motivational aspects of individual agency are manifested in this process and how they affect the espoused organizational schema.
Organizing Race
Authors: Lloyd Vincent
Published: October 2014

Faith‐based community organizing is receiving an increasing amount of attention from scholars of religious ethics. This essay is motivated by the worry that accounts of such organizing depend on a problematic embrace of multiculturalism, an embrace characteristic of our neoliberal era. Like the powers that they purport to challenge, organizing efforts often embrace difference (racial, gender, and religious) only when it is carefully managed. This is being challenged by theological accounts of organizing that take the religious dimension of such efforts seriously, as well as by feminist critiques of community organizing. This essay probes how race might be taken just as seriously by religious ethicists who study community organizing. Drawing on the civil rights movement's legacy of faith‐based community mobilization as well as traditions of Black theological reflection, this essay challenges the easy embrace of multi‐racial coalitions in faith‐based organizing.
Crotalaria spectabilis and Raphanus sativus as Previous Crops Show Promise for the Control of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Without Reducing Bacterial Populations
Authors: Deberdt Péninna , Gozé Eric , Coranson‐Beaudu Régine , Perrin Benjamin , Fernandes Paula , Lucas Philippe , Ratnadass Alain
Published: October 2014

Ralstonia solanacearum is responsible for bacterial wilt affecting many crops worldwide. The emergent population of R. solanacearum (phylotype IIB/4NPB) wilts previously resistant varieties and has rapidly spread throughout Martinique. No conventional method is known to control it. In this study, previous crops used as sanitizing crops were investigated as an environmentally safe alternative method of control. The ability of the emergent population of R. solanacearum to persist in planta and in the rhizosphere of Brassicaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae grown as previous crops was evaluated in controlled conditions, and the incidence of bacterial wilt was assessed in the following tomato crop. Results showed that all species carried R. solanacearum latently. Among Brassicaceae and Asteraceae, the highest density of R. solanacearum was found in planta and in the rhizosphere of Tagetes erecta. The density of the R. solanacearum population in the rhizosphere of Raphanus sativus cv. Karacter was significantly higher than that in Raphanus sativus cv. Melody. In Fabaceae, the density of R. solanacearum population in planta was statistically similar in all species. The density of the R. solanacearum population in the rhizosphere of Crotalaria juncea was significantly higher than that in Crotalaria spectabilis. This study showed for the first time that Crotalaria spectabilis and Raphanus sativus cv. Melody grown as previous crops improve the performance of the following tomato with similar effects on R. solanacearum populations in the soil as bare soil. The incidence of the disease in tomato decreased by 86% and 60%, after R. sativus cv. Melody and C. spectabilis, respectively, and the proportion of infected plants also decreased. These results suggest that C. spectabilis and R. sativus cv. Melody can be used as previous crops to help bacterial wilt control in ecological management strategies without drastic suppression of R. solanacearum population in stem tissues and in the rhizosphere.
Petrography and geochemistry of ejecta from the Sudbury impact event
Authors: Huber Matthew S. , McDonald Iain , Koeberl Christian
Published: October 2014

Ejecta from the Connors Creek site in Michigan (500 km from the Sudbury Igneous Complex [SIC]), the Pine River site in western Ontario (650 km from the SIC), and the Coleraine site in Minnesota (980 km from the SIC) were petrographically and geochemically analyzed. Connors Creek was found to have approximately 2 m of ejecta, including shocked quartz, melt droplets, and accretionary lapilli; Pine River has similar deposits about 1 m in thickness, although with smaller lapilli; Coleraine contains only impact spherules in a 20 cm‐thick layer (impact spherules being similar to microkrystites or microtektites). The ejecta transition from chaotic deposits of massively bedded impactoclastic material with locally derived detritus at Connors Creek to a deposit with apparently very little detrital material that is primarily composed of melt droplets at Pine River to a deposit that is almost entirely composed of melt spherules at Coleraine. The major and trace element compositions of the ejecta confirm the previously observed similarity of the ejecta deposits to the Onaping Formation in the SIC. Platinum‐group element (PGE) concentrations from each of the sites were also measured, revealing significantly elevated PGE contents in the spherule samples compared with background values. PGE abundances in samples from the Pine River site can be reproduced by addition of approximately 0.2 wt% CI chondrite to the background composition of the underlying sediments in the core. PGE interelement ratios indicate that the Sudbury impact event was probably caused by a chondritic impactor.
Volume and mass distribution in selected asteroid families
Authors: Włodarczyk I. , Leliwa‐Kopystyński J.
Published: October 2014

The main focus of this paper is calculation of the diameters of asteroids belonging to five families (Vesta, Eos, Eunomia, Koronis, and Themis). To do that, we used the HCM algorithm applied for a data set containing 292,003 numbered asteroids, and a numerical procedure for choosing the crucial parameter of the HCM, called “the cutting velocity” vcut. It was established with a precision as high as 1 m s−1. Thereafter, we used the WISE (Wide‐field Infrared Survey Explorer) catalog to set a range of albedo for the largest members of each family considered. The albedo data were supported by the data concerning color classification (SDSS MOC4). The asteroids with albedo out of this range were classified as interlopers and were therefore disqualified as family members. Sizes were calculated for the asteroids with albedo within the acceptable range. For the other asteroids (those chosen by means of the HCM, but with albedo not listed in the WISE), the value of albedo of the largest member of the family was adopted. Results are given in a set of figures showing the families on the planes (a, e), (a, i), (e, i). Diameters and volumes of the asteroids that are the individual members of a family were calculated on the basis of their known or assumed albedo and on their absolute magnitude. Volumes of the parent bodies of the families were found on the basis of the cumulative volume distribution of these families. We also studied the secular resonances of the family members. We have shown that the locations of members of the considered asteroid families are related to the lines of secular resonances z1, z2, and z3 with Saturn.