bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La contribución de la ciudad de Burgos y su jurisdicción a la pacificación de las Alpujarras, 1569-1570
Authors: Pereda López Ángela
Published: November 2021

El levantamiento de la población morisca de la zona de las Alpujarras, a finales de 1568, provocó la necesidad de formar un ejército cristiano cuyo objetivo sería el sometimiento y la pacificación de estos territorios. En un primer momento se llevó a cabo en los lugares geográficos cercanos al foco de la crisis, pero posteriormente fue necesario acudir a otras zonas geográficas. Entre estos lugares se encontró Burgos que, por orden del monarca, tuvo que reunir 500 hombres para luchar bajo las órdenes de don Juan de Austria. Esta tarea no fue nada fácil, Burgos se encontraba inmersa en una crisis económica y demográfica que no lograba remontar. Aun así, logró formar la compañía, a cuyo frente estuvo el capitán don Sancho de Tobar. Este trabajo pretende mostrar cómo se llevó a cabo el reclutamiento de los hombres y el esfuerzo que supuso para la ciudad y su jurisdicción
Geoestrategia, fueros y milicia en Aragón, 1563-1645
Authors: Solano Enrique
Published: November 2021

En el contexto de las relaciones políticas e institucionales entre la corona y el reino de Aragón entre 1563 y 1645, se analizan en este estudio las tentativas, por parte de la monarquía, de involucrar al territorio aragonés en la necesaria renovación que su aparato militar precisaba, con objeto de atender a la defensa del noreste peninsular y de responder a la presión militar derivada de los objetivos políticos que esta perseguía en Europa. Al llegar a las cortes de Zaragoza de 1645-1646 las características del servicio de armas en Aragón apenas se habían transformado, pero su incorporación al aparato de defensa de la monarquía parecía un hecho.
Más de un vizcaíno. Lecturas de los servicios de hombres y los marcos forales de los territorios vascos en la época de los Austrias: el ministerio del Conde-Duque de Olivares, 1621-1643
Authors: Merino Malillos Imanol
Published: November 2021

Estudiamos las lecturas de las obligaciones referentes a la contribución a la defensa del conjunto de la monarquía española de los Austrias partiendo de los ordenamientos jurídicos de los territorios de vascos. Tras acercarnos a los trabajos más recientes sobre la materia, analizaremos las lecturas realizadas tanto por las instituciones locales como por la corona. Nos centraremos en un marco cronológico crítico, como fue el ministerio del conde-duque de Olivares, dado que las crecientes necesidades bélicas de la monarquía conllevaron un incremento en las peticiones de soldados, que culminaron con el sitio y socorro de Fuenterrabía de 1638. Prestaremos así especial atención a lo sucedido hasta entonces e inmediatamente después, ya que se produjo una tensión entre la corona —que cuestionaba tanto las normas jurídicas como las prácticas de reclutamientos— y las instituciones locales y los naturales.
La religión católica en Gibraltar y Menorca en el siglo XVIII: modelos de coexistencia durante el dominio británico
Authors: GONZÁLEZ CRUZ DAVID
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo estudia el funcionamiento del catolicismo en Gibraltar y Menorca una vez que pasaron al dominio de Inglaterra. La investigación presenta como innovación el análisis conjunto de ambos territorios en los que los hispanos tuvieron que convivir con la religión anglicana y con unas autoridades británicas interesadas en impedir la jurisdicción de la jerarquía eclesiástica. El texto se ha estructurado en varios apartados en los que se examina la situación en que quedaron los lugares sagrados (iglesias, conventos y ermitas) tras la ocupación anglosajona, se revisa la práctica de la fe católica en el contexto de ambigüedad del denominado «libre ejercicio de la religión» acordado en Utrecht, se detectan los obstáculos impuestos por el poder civil y militar a las potestades jurisdiccionales de los obispos de Mallorca y Cádiz, y se atiende al posicionamiento que tuvo la Santa Sede respecto a los procedimientos utilizados por los gobernantes ingleses.
Cultivo una rosa blanca... a propósito de Cantú
Authors: Calderón-Fernández Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2021

Este ensayo trae a la memoria la práctica de la escuela de Cantú (Costa Rica) que iniciaba cada mañana labores con el icónico poema de José Martí y del pasode un niño de un pueblo campesino hasta llegar a las aulas universitarias, quien quedó, por siempre, con la musicalidad y crítica de los textos del autor cubano,los cuales marcaron su vida.
Association between Obesity and Infection
Authors: Lee Chul Jin , Kim Min-Jeong , An Sang Joon
Published: November 2021

Obesity and infection are interacting with each other. Infection causes obesity, and obesity contributes to the occurrence and deterioration of infection. The sources of infection that cause obesity include viruses such as adenovirus, intestinal viruses, bacteria such as intestinal microbes, parasites, and the antibiotics that cause these microbes to change. The above risk factors cause chronic inflammatory reactions in the body, and in addition, obesity is further accelerated when bad eating habits are accompanied. Among the infections that occur often in obese people and worsen their condition are various viral infections such as influenza viruses and coronavirus, bacterial infections that cause urinary tract infections or periodontal infections, respiratory infections such as bronchitis, pneumonia, floor infections and infections in surgical areas. Infection in obesity increases complications, and reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics and vaccines. The mechanism between obesity and infection is a decrease in immunity resulting from increased chronic inflammation. Based on the evidence that obesity and infection cause and effect each other and interact with each other, it can be used for prevention and treatment of obesity. Studies related to the development of obesity vaccines and the maintenance of healthy intestinal microbes are under way, which is expected to reduce obesity and prevent future prevention. As a result, reducing obesity will reduce the risk and deterioration of infection.
Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses toward Post-Liver Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yoo Jung A , Park Jeong Yun
Published: November 2021

Background: Post-liver transplantation diabetes mellitus (PLTDM) is common and occurs in approximately 5-7% of patients. There is a trend toward an increase in mortality with PLTDM. Therefore, it is important that nurses carefully monitor and treat for hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study is to examine nurses’ knowledge and attitude toward PLTDM, with a specific focus on nurses who care for liver transplant patients.Methods: Data were collected from 104 nurses working at a tertiary hospital in Seoul from March 15, 2019 to March 31, 2019. Knowledge and attitude toward PLTDM was measured using PLTDM knowledge and attitude tool.Results: The average age of the participants was 30.3 years, with 52.9% of the participants (n=55) having between 1 to 3 years of clinical experience. Knowledge and attitude toward PLTDM scored 16.28±3.60 out of 25 and 115.62±7.57 out of 155, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between PLTDM knowledge and attitude (r=0.21, P=0.027).Conclusions: Study findings suggest a need for an educational program specialized in PLTDM specifically in regards to identifying risk factors as this demonstrated the lowest score in PLTDM knowledge. Further, when designing the educational program, a strategy is called for in order to encourage nurses to voluntarily participate in the program.
Risk of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Autonomic Imbalance Measured by Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Chung Hyewon , Oh Yoon Hwan , Moon Ji Hyun , Kim Hyeon Ju , Kong Mi Hee
Published: November 2021

Background: Studies have reported that reduced autonomic nervous system activity could result in a suboptimal health condition and various diseases, further increasing the mortality rate. The present study aimed to determine the difference in risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in patients with reduced or unstable autonomic activity according to heart rate variability test results.Methods: We recorded blood pressure, physical measurements (body mass index and waist circumference), fasting blood glucose, and blood lipid status. Indicators representative of autonomic nerve functionality (total power [TP], standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals [SDNN], low-frequency band [LF], high-frequency band [HF]) were measured using a 5-minute heart rate variability test. Each indicator was divided into quartiles.Results: In men, the risk of abdominal obesity was high in the group with a low TP. In the group with a low SDNN, TP, and LF, the risk of a blood pressure increase was high. When LH and HF were low, there was a high risk of increased fasting blood sugar, whereas when LH was low, there was a high risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Women with SDNN loss had higher odds ratios for abdominal obesity and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia.Conclusions: These results indicate a higher risk of having risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, such as abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia in a group with reduced autonomic activity measured by heart rate variability. Women with a low SDNN had a 4.51-fold higher risk of abdominal obesity than women with a high SDNN, showing the greatest value of the heart rate variability indices.
Gender-Specific Association between Emotional Labor and Health-Promoting Behavior in Call Center Workers
Authors: Kim Hye-Jin , Choo Jina
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aimed to examine whether emotional labor was significantly associated with health-promoting behaviors among both women and men at call center workers.Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted among 709 workers (470 women and 239 men) at K call center workplace in Seoul, South Korea. Emotional labor and health-promoting behaviors were measured using the Emotional Labor and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II).Results: Of all the call center workers, the average score of emotional labor was 3.5 out of 5.0. Women had a higher average emotional labor score (3.6 points) than men (3.5 points). The average score of health-promoting behaviors was 2.0 out of 4.0 in the overall workers and each group of women and men workers, respectively. Emotional labor was significantly associated with health-promoting behaviors among each group of women and men. Among women workers, emotional labor was significantly negatively associated with the spiritual growth and stress management subscales of the HPLP-II, while among men workers, it was significantly negatively associated with all HPLP-II subscales.Conclusions: Emotional labor may be associated with health-promoting behaviors and its associations with the subscales of health-promoting behaviors may differ by gender. Therefore, nursing strategies for reducing emotional labor should be concerned in the context of gender-specific associations with emotional labor.
Association between Living Alone and Multimorbidity in the Elderly
Authors: Huh Youn , Lee Jun Hyung , Jeon Yerim
Published: November 2021

Background: The relationship between solitary life and multimorbidity among older people in Korea is not clear.We aimed to examine the association between solitary life and the prevalence of multimorbidity among Korean older people.Methods: We analyzed the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Ⅶ(2016-2018) using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The study included 4,244 individuals aged ≥60 years.Results: Multimorbidity was reported in 31.0% of the participants. The rate of multimorbidity was significantly higher in older people living alone compared to those living with their families. After adjusting for confounding variables such as age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), educational level, and personal income, older people living alone were significantly associated with higher risks of having multimorbidity compared to those living with their families (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.48).Conclusions: Since there is a risk of multimorbidity in older people living alone, it is necessary to examine whether multimorbidity exists in older people living alone.
The Relationship between Dietary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: Using Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015
Authors: Lee You-Sin , Lee Sim-Yeol
Published: November 2021

Background: The dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na:K) is known to have a stronger association with cardiovascular disease compared with a single intake of sodium or potassium. Accordingly, this study sought to examine the relationship between sodium-potassium intake balance and metabolic syndrome, which increases the occurrence of cardiovascular disease.Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015 were used, and the subjects were 13,164 adults aged 19 years and over. This study examined sodium and potassium intake and Na:K based on Korean adults' age and sex, and analyzed food groups that contribute to adequate sodium and potassium intake based on an Na:K of 1. Correlations between Na:K, metabolic syndrome, and risk factors were examined through a multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: Korean adults' average daily intake of sodium was 3,976 mg, while that of potassium was 3,076 mg.Meanwhile, the Na:K was identified to be 2.33. The food group that contributed the most to potassium intake was fruits in subjects whose Na:K was below 1, and vegetables in those whose Na:K was over 1. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile in Na:K was up 19% in the probability that one would suffer from metabolic syndrome (P for trend=0.001). Also, more Na:K led to a significant increase in the risk of elevated blood pressure and elevated blood sugar (P for trend=0.015 and 0.012).Conclusions: A rise in Na:K is related to a risk of hypertension and high blood sugar, and such a rise raises the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome.
N-3 and N-6 Fatty Acid Intakes and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Female Adults Population Using Data from the 2014-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Jin-A , Lee Sim-Yeol
Published: November 2021

Background: This study sought to investigate the association between n-3 and n-6 fatty acid intakes and depressive symptoms in Korean female adults.Methods: Subjects comprised 8,204 Korean female adults, aged over 19 years, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014-2018. Subjects were classified according to their Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores into a low depressive symptoms (LDS) group and a high depressive symptoms (HDS) group. Nutrient intake was evaluated using dietary data obtained through a one-day 24-hour recall.Results: Compared with the LDS group, the HDS group was associated with lower education levels, household incomes, and employment rates. The HDS group had lower intakes of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids than the LDS group. The highest quartile of adjusted total n-3 intakes had a decreased odds ratio of depressive symptoms (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.90) in those aged 65 years over. The prevalence of depressive symptoms decreased in the highest quartile of adjusted arachidonic acid intake (95% CI, 0.33-0.93) in those aged 41-64 years. The n-6:n-3 ratio was not associated with depressive symptoms.Conclusions: From the results of this study, it was found that the intake of n-3 fatty acids and arachidonic acid were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. These findings can be used to aid the development of dietary guidelines for the improvement of public health.
Differences in the Level of Health Care Indicators According to the Duration of Diabetes among Community-Dwelling People with Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis of the 2018 Community Health Survey in Korea
Authors: Kim Mina , Lee Young-Hoon
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aimed to determine whether the levels of healthcare indicators vary according to the duration of diabetes in diabetic people.Methods: From the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey, a total of 20,113 diabetic people aged 40-79 years were analyzed. The distribution of people with diabetes and its corresponding diabetes duration were as follows: 34.9%, less than 4 years; 22.4%, 5-9 years; 18.9%, 10-14 years; 9.4%, 15-19 years; and 14.1%, more than 20 years. Outcome variables included eight health behavior indicators and seven diabetes management indicators.Results: After adjusting for the sociodemographic characteristics, the longer the duration of diabetes, the less alcohol drinking and the more influenza vaccination was availed, whereas the regular tooth brushing, perceived usual stress, and perceived depressive symptoms tended to be unhealthy. Smoking, regular walking, and utilizing food nutrition label did not differ based on the duration of diabetes. Moreover, blood glucose control was evaluated to be poorly controlled as the duration of diabetes lengthened; however, diabetes management education and medical institution services (glycated hemoglobin measurement, diabetic retinopathy screening, and diabetic nephropathy screening) tended to increase significantly. There was also no difference in relation to diabetes duration in the recognition of early symptoms of myocardial infarction and stroke, which are the major complications of diabetes.Conclusions: People with long-lasting diabetes are at a higher risk of developing diabetes-related complications; therefore, more active community strategies are needed to improve their health behavior.
The Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adults: Based on National Representative Survey
Authors: Park Eunok
Published: November 2021

Background: The obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are main health issues worldwide. This study was to investigate the association of obesity and MetS.Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for this study. The data from 10,488 Korean adults who were 30-64 years old were utilized and the pooled weights for the stratified complex sampling were implemented in the analysis. The participants were divided into five groups based on body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference, triglyceride, high density lipid, glucose, and blood pressures were used for the MetS.Results: The prevalence of MetS was 29.8% and it was higher in highly obese adults than people who has normal weights (odds ratio, 36.9; 95% confidence interval, 25.9-52.3) after adjusting age, gender, education, income, job, smoking, high risk drinking, and physical activity. There was gradients for the MetS and the components of MetS according to BMI.Conclusions: The obesity increased the risk of MetS and its components’ prevalence. The targeted intervention to control weight need to be developed and implemented. Further researches might be also needed to evaluate the effect of the weight loss on the decreased the risk of MetS.
Comparison of Nutrient Intake and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to the Frequency of Eating with Others in the Elderly: Based on the 2013-2017 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyung , Chung Jayong
Published: November 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to examine the association between the nutritional status and the risk of metabolic syndrome according to the frequency of eating with others in elderly men and women.Methods: This study included 4,562 subjects (≥65 years) from the 2013-2017 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Survey logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between the frequency of eating with others per day (0, 1-2, 3 times/day) and nutrient intake and metabolic syndrome, adjusted for the related confounding variables.Results: In elderly men, eating with others was significantly associated with a higher intake of vitamin C, phosphorus, and iron. Additionally, elderly men who ate with others 0 time/day had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.43-6.62) for overall nutrient intake insufficiency as compared to elderly men who ate with others 3 times/day. In elderly women, eating with others was significantly associated with a higher intake of energy. However, no association was found between the frequency of eating with others and risk of metabolic syndrome in either sex.Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that frequently eating with others may improve the nutritional status in both elderly men and women.
Relationship between Food Hygiene Education Experience and Food Purchasing Behavior, Knowledge, and Practices
Authors: Kim Ji-Myung , Hong Seung-Hee
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of food safety awareness, purchasing behavior, food safety knowledge, and food safety practice in accordance with food hygiene education experiences in adults.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was answered by 305 adults in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions.Chi-square test, independent t-test, and multiple regression analysis were performed to evaluate the association between food hygiene education experience and related factors.Results: The need for information was found to be significantly higher for the group with experience in food hygiene education. As for purchasing behavior, participants mainly considered price, taste, and safety of food, and frequently confirmed the expiration date and price using food labels. Participants considered major supermarkets and convenience stores as safe places to purchase food. Food hygiene knowledge showed significantly higher correct answer rates in almost all items for the group with education experience. Even if the expiration date had not yet been reached the habit of not eating food if there was a strange smell when opened was practiced, and the group with more educational experience practiced this significantly more often.Participants with higher awareness of food hygiene showed significantly greater intention to participate in food hygiene education.Conclusions: The group with experience in food hygiene education showed a greater need to obtain information on food hygiene and had better knowledge and practices regarding food hygiene. Therefore, food hygiene education and information are necessary to ensure the safety of food hygiene and to promote the health of the people.
Social Support, Grit, Health Status, and Work-Life Balance of Nurses
Authors: Lee Sol , Shin Yunhee
Published: November 2021

Background: The purpose of this descriptive study is to investigate nurses’ social support, health status, grit, and work-life balance and identify the factors affecting their work-life balance.Methods: The subjects in this study were 203 nurses working in a university hospital. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe’s test, and multiple linear regression.Results: The study revealed significant relationships between work-life balance and social support (r=0.39, P<0.001), health status (r=0.69, P<0.001), and grit (r=0.36, P<0.001). Factors influencing work-life balance were health status (β=0.57), grit (β=0.17), social support (β=0.14), and work experience (β=-0.12). The explanatory power of the regression model was 51.2%, and the model was statistically significant (F=43.45, P<0.001).Conclusions: This study suggests that it is necessary to include, in the intervention strategy for nurses’ work-life balance, methods to improve their health status, grit, and social support. A balanced work-life for nurses can help them satisfactorily perform professional services while managing the nursing organization stably and, ultimately, help them grow into professional nurses in the future.
Impact of Nursing Work Environment on Nurses’ Perception of Just Culture
Authors: Lee Ga Seon , Park Jeong Yun
Published: November 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing nurses' perception of just culture, and to provide basic data for the establishment of just culture.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted from April 8, 2020 to April 23, 2020 for 168 nurses at hospital in Seoul. The research tools were Petschonek’s JCAT, modified by the researchers and Korean version of practice environment scale of nursing work index (K-PES-NWI).Results: The average age of the participants was 30.5 years, and total clinical career was 7.10 years. The perception of nursing work environment and just culture perception were 2.91±0.50 out of 5 and 4.91±0.72 out of 7, respectively. Through regression analysis with 33.0% of accountability, it was found that the perception of just culture was associated with nursing work environment (β=0.726, P<0.001).Conclusions: Study findings suggest that intervention for the improvement of nursing work environment can be effective to increase the perception of just culture, additionally, the program to improve just culture perception should be developed and applied, and verify its effectiveness.
Trajectories of Depression and Their Associations with Mortality in Older People in Korea over 12 Years
Authors: Lee Sinhyung , Choi Hyeon Ho , Kim Seung Hee , Lee Jungun
Published: November 2021

Background: As the course of depression and depressive symptoms over a lifetime varies between individuals, we used trajectory models based on the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging to repeatedly measure symptoms over a follow-up period of 12 years to reveal the association with mortality.Methods: Three thousand five hundred sixty-one (1,483 men and 2,078 women) subjects aged over 65 years were included. Using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10), a trajectory model was classified into different depressive symptom groups by gender. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between depression trajectory and all-cause mortality.Results: We identified four trajectories of depressive symptoms in both men and women characterized by low CES-D 10 scores throughout the study: Low trajectory (LT), Moderate high trajectory (MHT), High, but increasing trajectory (HIT), and High, but decreasing trajectory (HDT). The adjusted hazard ratios of the HIT, HDT, and MHT compared with LT in men were 2.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-3.16), 1.52 (95% CI, 0.96-2.40), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.10-2.26), respectively. In women, ratios of each group were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.25-2.10), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.61-1.16), and 1.20 (95% CI, 0.99-1.46).Conclusions: Highly depressive symptoms that increased over the 12 years period were associated with the highest risk of mortality in the Korean elderly population. The trajectory group with remitting depressive symptoms (HDT), despite having a similar baseline level of mood symptoms as the high increasing group (HIT) experienced a lower mortality risk in both men and women.
Validation of Fatty Liver Index as a Marker for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Park Seong-Won , Han A-Lum
Published: November 2021

Background: Many studies have been conducted to validate fatty liver index (FLI) as a marker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there are insufficient data in Korea to verify the usefulness of FLI, and the results of these studies are contradictory. This study aimed to validate FLI as a marker for NAFLD in Korea. For better accuracy, computed tomography (CT) scan was used instead of ultrasound scan.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed in 785 subjects who participated in a health examination. The participants were divided according to presence of NAFLD, which was determined by abdominal CT. Frequency analysis was performed on all results. The chi-square test and independent t-test were used to compare the differences between the non-NAFLD group and the NAFLD group in terms of general characteristics and blood tests. The ability of the FLI to detect (nonalcoholic) fatty liver was assessed using area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis.Results: FLI was significantly higher in the NAFLD group (42.48±27.63) than in the non-NAFLD group (22.59±20.05) (P<0.0001). The algorithm for FLI had a better AUROC of 0.696 (95% confidence interval, 0.649-0.742) than any other variable in the prediction of NAFLD.Conclusions: FLI is a marker that can be used as a simple and cost-effective tool to screen for NAFLD.
Синтез та антимікробні властивості Cu, Zn-легованих кальцію фосфатів апатитового типу
Authors: Гринюк І.І. , Струтинська Н.Ю. , Василюк О.М. , Прилуцька С.В. , Лівіцька О.В. , Слободяник М.С.
Published: November 2021

Синтезовано наночастинки (30—50 нм) кальцію фосфатів апатитового типу в умовах співосадження з водних розчинів при мольних співвідношеннях Са/Р = 1,67, CО32–/РО43–= 1 та (Cu2+, Zn2+) : Ca = 1 : 50 і температурі 25 0C. Згідно з даними хімічного аналізу, синтезовані кальцію фосфати містять катіонні та аніонні допанти: Na+ (0,19—0,21 % мас.), Cu2+ (0,42 % мас.) і Zn2+ (0,36 % мас.) та C (0,98—1,02 % мас.). В ІЧ-спектрах модифікованих кальцію фосфатів положення коливальних смуг карбонатних груп (при 870, 1430 та 1450 см–1) вказують на реалізацію часткового заміщення фосфат-аніона карбонатними групами (Б-тип) в апатитовій матриці. Встановлено, що легування кальцію фосфатів апатитового типу катіонами Cu2+ та Zn2+ сприяє підвищенню їх пригнічувальної дії щодо грампозитивних (Staphylococcus aureus) і грамнегативних (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) мікроорганізмів. Відмічено десятикратне інгібування росту клітин S. aureus у разі додавання 5 мМ (Na+, Cu2+, Zn2+, CO32–)-вмісного кальцію фосфату, тоді як помітна його дія на грамнегативні бактерії (P. аeruginosa) спостерігається лише при кількості 10 мМ зразка. Одержані результати вказують на перспективність використання синтезованих наночастинок (Na+, Cu2+, Zn2+, CO32–)-вмісного кальцію фосфату для розробки матеріалів з антибактеріальними властивостями.
Радіобіологічні показники гострої променевої хвороби (чорнобильський досвід)
Authors: Дьоміна Е.А. , Ніколаєв В.Г.
Published: November 2021

Досліджено особливості радіобіологічних показників залежно від ступеня гострої променевої хвороби до та після інтенсивної дезінтоксикаційної терапії 53 постраждалих внаслідок аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС, що лікувалися в клініці Київського науково-дослідного рентгено-радіологічного та онкологічного інституту МОЗ України. Прояв первинних ушкоджень у хворих не завжди відповідав тяжкості променевої патології. Спостерігали, як правило, відтермінованість у розвитку лейко- і лімфопеній порівняно з класичною формою променевої хвороби. Особливістю цитопеній крові був хвилеподібний характер їх перебігу. Відновлення показників крові в критичний момент було можливим лише за рахунок донорського кісткового мозку, що тимчасово брав на себе кровотворну функцію. Характерною рисою ультраструктурних змін у кістковому мозку внаслідок змішаного опромінення (зовнішнього і за рахунок радіонуклідів) були дистрофія і деструктивні зміни ендотелію синусів кісткового мозку. Всім хворим була проведена біологічна (цитогенетична) дозиметрія. Вперше запропоновано алгоритм визначення ступеня променевої хвороби на основі оптимального комплексу цитогенетичних показників радіаційного ураження Т-лімфоцитів із залученням моделі множинної лінійної регресії. Зіставлення даних цитогенетичної дозиметрії з клінічною симптомати кою дало можливість зробити об’єктивні висновки щодо диференціювання ступеня тяжкості променевої хвороби у межах строків, необхідних для виконання своєчасної дезінтоксикаційної терапії постраждалих. Чорнобильський досвід показав, що у випадку радіаційних інцидентів для оцінки тяжкості та прогнозу променевої патології, коректної біологічної дозиметрії доцільно проводити комплексне поглиблене радіобіологічне дослідження, яке включає гематологічне, цитогенетичне обстеження та аналіз кількісних і морфо логічних показників кісткового мозку в зіставленні з клінічною симптоматикою опромінених осіб.
A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Vancomycin Dosing by Weight Measures in Children
Authors: Khare Manaswitha , Haag Meredith B. , Kneese Garrett , Austin Jared P. , Perlman Jeremy , Azim Aniqa , Orsi Carisse , Foster Byron A.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Vancomycin carries risks of treatment failure and emergent resistance with underexposure and renal toxicity with overexposure. Children with overweight or obesity may have altered pharmacokinetics. We aimed to examine how body weight metrics influence vancomycin serum concentrations and to evaluate alternative dosing strategies.

METHODS

This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study across 3 large, academic hospitals. Patients aged 2 to 18 years old who received ≥3 doses of intravenous vancomycin were included. Weight metrics included total body weight, adjusted body weight, ideal body weight, body surface area, and allometric weight. Outcomes included vancomycin concentration and ratios of area under the curve (AUC) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Regression analyses were used to examine which body-weight identifier predicted outcomes.

RESULTS

Of the 1099 children, 45% were girls, mean age was 9.0 (SD = 5.4) years, 14% had overweight, and 17% had obesity. Seventy-five percent of children had vancomycin concentrations in the subtherapeutic range by trough <10 µg/mL, and 63% had a ratio of AUC to MIC <400 μg-hr/mL. Three percent had a supratherapeutic initial trough >20 µg/mL or ratio of AUC to MIC >600 μg-hr/mL. Serum vancomycin concentrations were higher in children with overweight or obesity compared with children who were at a normal weight or underweight; the mean ratio of AUC to MIC also trended higher in the groups with overweight or obesity.

CONCLUSIONS

Most children received vancomycin regimens that produced suboptimal trough levels. Children with overweight or obesity experienced higher vancomycin trough levels than children of normal weight despite receiving lower total body weight dosing. Using the ratio of AUC to MIC was a better measure of drug exposure.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training in Pediatric Residency: A National Needs Assessment
Authors: Good Ryan J , O’Hara Kimberly L , Ziniel Sonja I. , Orsborn Jonathan , Cheetham Alexandra , Rosenberg Adam
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

As point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) evolves into a standard tool for the care of children, pediatric residency programs need to develop POCUS training programs. Few POCUS training resources exist for pediatric residents, and little is known about POCUS training in pediatric residencies. We aim to describe pediatric residency leadership perspectives regarding the value of POCUS and to elucidate the current state of POCUS training in pediatric residency programs.

METHODS

A group of pediatric educators and POCUS experts developed a novel survey followed by cognitive interviews to establish response-process validity. The survey was administered electronically to pediatric residency associate program directors between December 2019 and April 2020. Program characteristics, including region, setting, and size, were used to perform poststratification for analyses. We performed comparative analyses using program and respondent characteristics.

RESULTS

We achieved a 30% (58 of 196) survey response rate. Although only a minority of respondents (26%) used POCUS in clinical practice, a majority (56%) indicated that all pediatric residents should be trained in POCUS. A majority of respondents also considered 8 of 10 POCUS applications important for pediatric residents. Only 37% of programs reported any POCUS training for residents, primarily informal bedside education. Most respondents (94%) cited a lack of qualified instructors as a barrier to POCUS training.

CONCLUSIONS

Most pediatric residency programs do not provide residents with POCUS training despite its perceived value and importance. Numerous POCUS applications are considered important for pediatric residents to learn. Future curricular and faculty development efforts should address the lack of qualified POCUS instructors.
A numerical study of the solidification process of a retracting fluid filament
Authors: Pham Binh D. , Vu Truong V. , Nguyen Lien V. T. , Nguyen Cuong T. , Nguyen Hoe D. , Nguyen Vinh T. , Vu Hung V.
Published: November 2021

In this study, the retraction and solidification of a fluid filament are studied by a front-tracking method/finite difference scheme. The interface between two phases is handled by connected points (Lagrangian grid), which move on a fixed grid domain (Eulerian grid). The Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved to simulate the problem. Initially, the fluid filament has a shape as half of a cylindrical capsule contact with a cold flat surface. We consider the effect of the aspect ratio (Ar) on the solidification of the fluid filament. It is found that an increase in the aspect ratio (Ar) in the range of 2 – 14 causes the retraction length to increase. The rate of the solidification of a fluid filament decreases when the Ar ratio increases. The solidification time, the solidification height and the tip angle of the fluid filament under the influence of the aspect ratio are also considered. After complete solidification, a small protrusion on the top of the solidified fluid filament is found.
“Through a Glass Darkly: Journeys through Science, Faith and Doubt – A Memoir” by Alister McGrath
Authors: Mutch Emma
Published: October 2021

Review of Alister McGrath, Through a Glass Darkly: Journeys through Science, Faith and Doubt – A Memoir (London: Hodder & Stoughton 2021), pp. viii + 225, ISBN: 978-1529327625. £9.99
The problem of selecting capabilities: Nussbaum’s philosophical road to democracy
Authors: Rajão Hugo
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Capability Approach theorists have placed the recognition of capabilities and functionings at the core of their theories. However, they disagree about the selection of relevant capabilities. In this article, I argue that contrary to what the author claims, it is not philosophically possible to derive a list of central capabilities in this way, from the concept of human dignity underlying Martha Nussbaum’s theory. From that concept it is only possible to derive a process of democratic decision, in which everybody is represented fairly and equally. It should be noted that the proposal presented in this article is not in opposition to Nussbaum’s theory, but rather an attempt to offer a new interpretation of it, based on the normative groundings of theory, in order to address some of its theoretical problems. This thesis occupies forth section. In the second and third sections, I summarize the debate around the problem of selecting capabilities.
Perfil epidemiológico das denúncias de violência contra a pessoa idosa no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil (2018-2019)
Authors: Cunha Rayrane Iris Melo da , Oliveira Luan Victor Anselmo de , Lima Kenio Costa de , Mendes Tamires Carneiro de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

Resumo Objetivo caracterizar as denúncias de violência contra pessoas idosas no Disque 100 no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, entre dezembro de 2018 e novembro de 2019. Métodos estudo transversal no qual foram analisados descritivamente os dados contidos nos extratos das denúncias de violência efetuadas no Disque 100 e, posteriormente, realizada uma análise espacial exploratória. Foram analisados os municípios de residência das vítimas, tipos de violência, local de ocorrência e os encaminhamentos para a rede de garantia de direitos. Além disso, idade, sexo e raça/cor das vítimas; e idade, sexo, raça/cor dos suspeitos e parentesco com a vítima Resultados No total, 878 denúncias contra 1.014 pessoas idosas foram registradas, a maioria de Natal, RN (46,9%). As denúncias mais prevalentes foram: negligência (77%), violência psicológica (44,9%) e abuso financeiro (19%) e ocorreram predominantemente na residência das vítimas (95,3%), atingindo principalmente as mulheres (66,9%). Os suspeitos das violências foram na maioria os filhos (62,1%) e do sexo feminino (49,3%). Conclusão Os resultados sugerem uma fragilidade do apoio/núcleo familiar e a necessidade da atenção do Estado para o cuidado nesse âmbito. Ademais, o fato de que as principais formas de violência nem sempre deixam marcas físicas alerta a população para a sua contribuição na identificação da violência contra a pessoa idosa. Finalmente, os resultados sugerem o desconhecimento do Disque 100 pelos indivíduos que residem no interior, fazendo-se necessário melhor divulgação dos canais de comunicação de violência para esse público, para uma análise mais realista dessa problemática no estado e um enfrentamento mais efetivo.
Estudo bibliométrico da produção científica da Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia entre 2014 e 2019
Authors: Cesário Vanovya Alves Claudino , Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira , Soares Juliana Pontes , Mendonça Paula Beatriz de Souza , Reis Mônica Karina Santos , Lima Kenio Costa de
Published: October 2021

Resumo Objetivo Descrever e analisar o perfil das publicações da Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia (RBGG) entre 2014 e 2019. Método Trata-se de um estudo bibliométrico da produção científica da RBGG, durante o período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2019. A coleta de dados foi realizada por quatro pesquisadoras independentes, previamente treinadas e orientadas para a uniformização desse processo. Os dados coletados foram dispostos numa planilha no Microsoft Excel® e analisados no programa Stata versão 10.0. As variáveis analisadas foram organizadas em quatro eixos: identificação da publicação; tipo de estudo; autores; e processo editorial. Resultados Publicou-se um total de 504 estudos de 2014 a 2019, destes, 75% são artigos originais e 13,49% de revisão, 95,4% dos autores eram de nacionalidade brasileira e as instituições de afiliação eram majoritariamente do Sudeste (41,8%) e Sul (28,68%). A abordagem quantitativa foi predominante (70,5%) e as temáticas que se destacaram foram saúde pública (33,1%), doenças (19,9%) e assistência em saúde (19,4%). O tempo de aprovação apresentou uma redução média de quatro meses e o de publicação três meses. Conclusão Houve um aumento no número de publicações durante o período analisado, com destaque para artigos originais e estudos quantitativos. A diversidade de temas revela a tendência mais abrangente, para além daquelas centradas na doença, e mais para processos biopsicossociais e comportamentais, conforme verificado nos estudos em saúde pública. O processo editorial tem se mostrado célere com redução expressiva no tempo entre o recebimento e a publicação, e aumento no quantitativo de aprovação dos artigos recebidos.
Combination of at-home and in-office bleaching techniques: case series
Authors: FERRETTI Marcela Alvarez , KURY Matheus , MENDONÇA Beatriz Curvello de , GIANNINI Marcelo , CAVALLI Vanessa , CAVALLI Vanessa , AGUIAR Flávio Henrique Baggio
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Tooth bleaching is one of the most conservative aesthetic techniques. At-home and in-office bleaching may be performed, as well as the combination of both techniques. As this combination may be done in different manners, distinct orders of combinations were proposed in this report. A 24 years-old man, whose upper central incisor and canine shades were A2 and A3 respectively, was initially treated by chair-side with 40-min application of 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for two sessions. Afterwards, an two-week overnight at-home bleaching was performed with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). The shade of upper central incisors changed to 1M1 and canine was B1. Conversely, a 30 years-old woman was firstly conducted with at-home bleaching (overnight 4-weeks 10% CP) and, subsequently, with a single appointment of in-office bleaching for 45 minutes (35% HP). The shade of her upper central incisor changed from A1 to 0.5M1 and the upper canine from A3 to B1. The VITA classical (A1-D4) shade guide and VITA Bleached guide 3D-MASTER were used to determine the tooth color during the treatments. In both bleaching treatments, patients reported no significant tooth sensitivity and the final outcomes met their expectation.
Oral and systemic factors in xerostomia
Authors: SOARES Maria Sueli Marques , CAVALCANTI Raquel Lopes , GONÇALVES Luiz Felipe Fernandes , ASSIS Ionária Oliveira de
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among the following features: hyposalivation, systemic diseases and drug use, oral symptoms, dental condition, salivary flow and salivary pH, as well. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 50 participants diagnosed with xerostomia, randomly selected and distributed in two groups: 25 with hyposalivation and 25 without hyposalivation, paired in age and sex. Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rate (USFR), Decayed, Missing, Filled, Teeth (DMFT) index and salivary pH were determined. The Mann-Whitney test and chi-square test were applied, considering significant for p-values <0.05. Results: Among the participants with hyposalivation, 88% used drugs and 96% presented systemic disease. And among those without hyposalivation, 48% used drugs and 64% presented systemic disease. The ones with hyposalivation showed the highest levels of dysgeusia (60%) and burn mouth (36%). There were statistically significant differences for the medians of USFR (0.08ml/minute / 0.2ml/minute) (p = 0.000), pH (6/7) (p = 0.000) and DMFT (22/17) (p = 0.004) obtained from participants with hyposalivation and without hyposalivation, respectively. Only in the group with hyposalivation there was a statistically significant association of unstimulated salivary flow rate with age (p = 0.035), type of systemic disease (p = 0.049) and pH (p=0.032) and DMFT demonstrated an association with systemic diseases (p = 0.015). Conclusion: The research results have suggested that hyposalivation worsens dental status triggering oral symptoms, and that salivary flow is influenced by the type of systemic disease and age group.
Radiographic examination in the diagnosis of a curious case associating odontoma to agenesis and supernumerary teeth
Authors: FREIRE Jéssica de Oliveira Alvarenga , BIANCO Giovanna de Souza , IMADA Thais Sumie Nozu , SALZEDAS Leda Maria Pescinini , IKUTA Carla Renata Sanomiya
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Developmental disorders of human dentition may result in various abnormalities according to etiologic agents and the developmental period involved. The size, shape and number of teeth may be affected. Dental abnormalities can occur singly or in multiples in an individual and may or may not be associated with syndromes. Complementary radiographic examinations are valuable for diagnosis, especially in lesions that are asymptomatic and detected only through examination. The present study is intended to report a case of an incidental finding in panoramic radiography of an odontoma, a supernumerary tooth and permanent tooth agenesis in the same non-syndromic individual. According to the literature, the association of hypodontia and hyperdontia (called concomitant hypo-hyperdontia) is most common. The association of hyperdontia and odontoma is uncommon but still reported. However, regarding the association of hypodontia and odontoma no reports were found, as well as the association of the three pathologies.