bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot Analytic Method for the Detection of Human IFN-γ from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Authors: Carreto-Binaghi Laura E. , Nieto-Ponce Milton , Palencia-Reyes Andrea , Chávez-Domínguez Rodolfo L. , Blancas-Zaragoza Jessica , Franco-Mendoza Pablo , García-Ramos Montserrat A. , Hernández-Lázaro Claudia I. , Torres Martha , Carranza Claudia
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 vaccine evaluations are mainly focused on antibody analyses, but there is growing interest in measuring the cellular immune responses from the researchers evaluating these vaccines. The cellular responses to several COVID-19 vaccines have been studied using the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for IFN-γ. However, the ELISPOT assay is no longer used only for research purpose and so the performance of this assay must be validated. Since the bioanalytical validation of ELISPOT-IFN-γ is essential for evaluating the method’s effectiveness and establishing confidence in a vaccine’s immunogenicity, the present work validates the ELISPOT-IFN-γ assay’s performance in determining the frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells after stimulation with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The validation was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from volunteers immunized with anti-COVID-19 vaccines. According to the findings, the LOD was 17 SFU and the LLOQ was 22 SFU, which makes the method highly sensitive and suitable for evaluating low levels of cellular responses. The procedure’s accuracy is confirmed by the correlation coefficients for the spike protein and anti-CD3+, being 0.98 and 0.95, respectively. The repeatability and intermediate precision tests were confirmed to be reliable by obtaining a coefficient of variation of ≤25%. The results obtained in this validation enable the assay to be employed for studying antigen-specific cells and evaluating cellular responses to vaccines.
Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels in Male Reproductive Cells: Players in Healthy Fertility?
Authors: Conti Nibali Stefano , Battiato Giuseppe , Pappalardo Xena Giada , De Pinto Vito
Published: October 2024

Male infertility affects nearly 50% of infertile couples, with various underlying causes, including endocrine disorders, testicular defects, and environmental factors. Spermatozoa rely on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism for motility and fertilization, with mitochondria playing a crucial role in sperm energy production, calcium regulation, and redox balance. Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, regulate energy and metabolite exchange, which are essential for sperm function. This review offers an updated analysis of VDACs in the male reproductive system, summarizing recent advances in understanding their expression patterns, molecular functions, and regulatory mechanisms. Although VDACs have been widely studied in other tissues, their specific roles in male reproductive physiology still remain underexplored. Special attention is given to the involvement of VDAC2/3 isoforms, which may influence mitochondrial function in sperm cells and could be implicated in male fertility disorders. This update provides a comprehensive framework for future research in reproductive biology, underscoring the significance of VDACs as a molecular link between mitochondrial function and male fertility.
Inhibiting the Cholesterol Storage Enzyme ACAT1/SOAT1 in Myelin Debris-Treated Microglial Cell Lines Activates the Gene Expression of Cholesterol Efflux Transporter ABCA1
Authors: Huynh Thao N. , Havrda Matthew C. , Zanazzi George J. , Chang Catherine C. Y. , Chang Ta Yuan
Published: October 2024

Aging is the major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the aged brain, myelin debris accumulates and is cleared by microglia. Phagocytosed myelin debris increases neutral lipid droplet content in microglia. Neutral lipids include cholesteryl esters (CE) and triacylglycerol (TAG). To examine the effects of myelin debris on neutral lipid content in microglia, we added myelin debris to human HMC3 and mouse N9 cells. The results obtained when using 3H-oleate as a precursor in intact cells reveal that myelin debris significantly increases the biosynthesis of CE but not TAG. Mass analyses have shown that myelin debris increases both CE and TAG. The increase in CE biosynthesis was abolished using inhibitors of the cholesterol storage enzyme acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1/SOAT1). ACAT1 inhibitors are promising drug candidates for AD treatment. In myelin debris-loaded microglia, treatment with two different ACAT1 inhibitors, K604 and F12511, increased the mRNA and protein content of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A1 (ABCA1), a protein that is located at the plasma membrane and which controls cellular cholesterol disposal. The effect of the ACAT1 inhibitor on ABCA1 was abolished by preincubating cells with the liver X receptor (LXR) antagonist GSK2033. We conclude that ACAT1 inhibitors prevent the accumulation of cholesterol and CE in myelin debris-treated microglia by activating ABCA1 gene expression via the LXR pathway.
Recent Advancements in MXene-Based Biosensors for Health and Environmental Applications—A Review
Authors: Ali Ashraf , Majhi Sanjit Manohar , Siddig Lamia A. , Deshmukh Abdul Hakeem , Wen Hongli , Qamhieh Naser N. , Greish Yaser E. , Mahmoud Saleh T.
Published: October 2024

Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, MXenes have emerged as promising materials for biosensing applications. This review paper comprehensively explores the recent advancements in MXene-based biosensors for health and environmental applications. This review begins with an introduction to MXenes and biosensors, outlining various types of biosensors including electrochemical, enzymatic, optical, and fluorescent-based systems. The synthesis methods and characteristics of MXenes are thoroughly discussed, highlighting the importance of these processes in tailoring MXenes for specific biosensing applications. Particular attention is given to the development of electrochemical MXene-based biosensors, which have shown remarkable sensitivity and selectivity in detecting various analytes. This review then delves into enzymatic MXene-based biosensors, exploring how the integration of MXenes with enzymes enhances sensor performance and expands the range of detectable biomarkers. Optical biosensors based on MXenes are examined, focusing on their mechanisms and applications in both healthcare and environmental monitoring. The potential of fluorescent-based MXene biosensors is also investigated, showcasing their utility in imaging and sensing applications. In addition, MXene-based potential wearable biosensors have been discussed along with the role of MXenes in volatile organic compound (VOC) detection for environmental applications. Finally, this paper concludes with a critical analysis of the current state of MXene-based biosensors and provides insights into future perspectives and challenges in this rapidly evolving field.
Progression in Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Technology for Lung Cancer Management
Authors: Chen Xinglong , Li Yuning , Su Jialin , Zhang Lemeng , Liu Hongwen
Published: October 2024

Lung cancer is a major threat to human health and a leading cause of death. Accurate localization of tumors in vivo is crucial for subsequent treatment. In recent years, fluorescent imaging technology has become a focal point in tumor diagnosis and treatment due to its high sensitivity, strong selectivity, non-invasiveness, and multifunctionality. Molecular probes-based fluorescent imaging not only enables real-time in vivo imaging through fluorescence signals but also integrates therapeutic functions, drug screening, and efficacy monitoring to facilitate comprehensive diagnosis and treatment. Among them, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is particularly prominent due to its improved in vivo imaging effect. This trend toward multifunctionality is a significant aspect of the future advancement of fluorescent imaging technology. In the past years, great progress has been made in the field of NIR fluorescence imaging for lung cancer management, as well as the emergence of new problems and challenges. This paper generally summarizes the application of NIR fluorescence imaging technology in these areas in the past five years, including the design, detection principles, and clinical applications, with the aim of advancing more efficient NIR fluorescence imaging technologies to enhance the accuracy of tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Feature Contributions and Predictive Accuracy in Modeling Adolescent Daytime Sleepiness Using Machine Learning: The MeLiSA Study
Authors: Mamun Mohammed A. , Misti Jannatul Mawa , Hasan Md Emran , Al-Mamun Firoj , ALmerab Moneerah Mohammad , Islam Johurul , Muhit Mohammad , Gozal David
Published: October 2024

Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among adolescents poses significant risks to academic performance, mental health, and overall well-being. This study examines the prevalence and risk factors of EDS in adolescents in Bangladesh and utilizes machine learning approaches to predict the risk of EDS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1496 adolescents using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected through a two-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS. Machine learning models, including Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), were employed to identify and predict EDS risk factors using Python and Google Colab. Results: The prevalence of EDS in the cohort was 11.6%. SHAP values from the CatBoost model identified self-rated health status, gender, and depression as the most significant predictors of EDS. Among the models, GBM achieved the highest accuracy (90.15%) and precision (88.81%), while CatBoost had comparable accuracy (89.48%) and the lowest log loss (0.25). ROC-AUC analysis showed that CatBoost and GBM performed robustly in distinguishing between EDS and non-EDS cases, with AUC scores of 0.86. Both models demonstrated the superior predictive performance for EDS compared to others. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the role of health and demographic factors in predicting EDS among adolescents in Bangladesh. Machine learning techniques offer valuable insights into the relative contribution of these factors, and can guide targeted interventions. Future research should include longitudinal and interventional studies in diverse settings to improve generalizability and develop effective strategies for managing EDS among adolescents.
Experimental and Theoretical Study on Local Damage of Reinforced Concrete Column under Rectangular Charge
Authors: Wang Qiuyang , Jia Xin , Huang Zhengxiang , Chen Taian , Shi Yujie
Published: October 2024

During an explosion, a building’s stability is directly impacted by reinforced concrete (RC) columns. However, there is currently no theoretical analysis model that can precisely predict damage to RC columns after close-in/contact explosions. In the present study, the local damage response of RC columns under a rectangular charge was experimentally and numerically investigated, and a theoretical analysis model for predicting local damage after a contact explosion was developed. The experimental results verify the effects of concrete strength, standoff distance, transverse reinforcement spacing, and axial load on damage to RC columns. When the standoff is 100 mm, increasing the axial load can effectively reduce the damage to the center of the column surface. Numerical simulations were carried out to study the effect of different parameters on concrete damage, showing that the damage span of reinforced concrete increases with increased stirrup distance; however, when the stirrup distance decreases to 70 mm, the distance between the stirrups and the explosives is too close to limit the damage. The prediction model innovatively considers the attenuation of steel cross-section transmission and the characteristics of rectangular charges. Compared with traditional semi-empirical calculation models, it can accurately calculate local damage caused by contact explosions on reinforced concrete columns.
Research on the Refined Main Cable Shape-Finding Algorithm for Long-Span Suspension Bridges
Authors: Yi Chun , Xiao Eguo , Tan Xianliang , He Zhengyi , Xiang Yi , Li Linshu
Published: October 2024

This study aims to address the complexities in the calculation of the tangent stiffness matrix and the issues of divergence in iterative calculations in the shape-finding process of existing suspension bridge main cables. The research investigates the factors influencing the computational errors of existing cable element theories and the convergence or divergence of the main cable shape-finding calculations. First, a nonlinear equation for calculating the height of the cable element is constructed. Subsequently, a formula for cable height calculation is established according to the differential equations of the deformed cable element. Finally, considering the mass conservation principle before and after the cable deformation, a nonlinear system of equations for the configuration of the cable element is derived. Given the symmetric nature of the mid-span structure and loading in most suspension bridges, it is inferred that the point of the lowest slope of the main cable in the completed bridge state serves as the symmetry center of the structure. Consequently, a symmetric main cable shape-finding method is developed. A comparative analysis between the proposed method and existing iterative methods was conducted in terms of calculation accuracy and convergence behavior. The results indicate that the difference in horizontal cable force at the IP point between the two methods is 1.9 kN, and the difference in unstressed length is 2.5 mm. The calculation efficiency of the symmetric main cable shape-finding method is more than twice that of traditional iterative algorithms, with the number of iterations required for convergence generally being lower than that of traditional methods. For initial values that cause divergence in traditional iterative methods, the symmetric main cable shape-finding method achieved convergence within 10 iterations. The derived cable element theory and the symmetric main cable shape-finding calculation method can lay a theoretical foundation for the refined and efficient calculation of the main cable shape-finding process.
A Data Mining-Based Method to Disclose Usage Behavior Patterns of Fresh Air Systems in Beijing Dwellings during the Heating Season
Authors: Gao Sijia , Pan Song , Liu Yiqiao , Zhu Ning , Cui Tong , Chang Li , Han Xiaofei , Cui Ying
Published: October 2024

As the popularity of fresh air systems (FAS) in residential buildings increases, exploring the behavioral characteristics of their use can help to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential for demand flexibility in residential buildings. However, few studies in the past have focused on the personalized usage behavior of FAS. To fill this gap, this study proposes a method based on data mining techniques to reveal the behavioral patterns of FAS usage and the motivations behind them, including motivational patterns, operation duration patterns, and human–machine interaction patterns, for 13 households in Beijing. The simultaneously obtained behavioral patterns, in turn, form the basis of association rules, which can classify FAS usage behavior into two typical residential user profiles containing user behavioral characteristics. This study can not only provide more accurate assumptions and inputs for behavioral stochastic models but also provide data support for the development and optimization of demand response strategies.
An Experimental Study and Result Analysis on the Dynamic Effective Bond Length of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheet Attached to a Concrete Surface
Authors: Li Dong , Wang Xinrui , Zhang Jiangxing , Jin Liu , Du Xiuli
Published: October 2024

A carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is a common material utilized for the enhancement in reinforced concrete (RC) constructions. Previous research indicates that the bonding performance between a CFRP sheet and concrete determines whether the bonding of CFRP material is effective. However, the majority of existing research on the bonding performance of the CFRP–concrete interface is concentrated on static loading conditions. In order to clarify the effect of dynamic load on the bonding performance of the CFRP sheet–concrete interface, this study adopts the double-sided shear test method to carry out dynamic experimental research. The test findings reveal that the damage pattern of the CFRP sheet–concrete interface remains consistent across different loading rates. The ultimate bearing capacity increases as the strain rate increases. As the strain rate increases from 10−5 s−1 to 10−2 s−1, the effect of bond length on ultimate bearing capacity increases by about 7%. As the strain rate increases, both the maximum strain of CFRP and the maximum interfacial shear stress demonstrate a corresponding increase, with respective increase rates of 60% and 20%. The effective bond length decreases by about 20% when the strain rate rises from 10−5 s−1 to 10−2 s−1. Finally, a formula for calculating the dynamic effective bond length of a CFRP sheet, grounded in the Chen and Teng formula, has been proposed and verified.
Experimental Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of Shear Connectors for Precast Sandwich Wall Panels When Subjected to the Push-Out Tests
Authors: Silva John Kennedy Fonsêca , Lameiras Rodrigo de Melo
Published: October 2024

Precast concrete sandwich panels consist of two outer layers connected by a central connector and an inner insulating layer that enhances thermal and acoustic performance. A key challenge with these panels is eliminating thermal bridges caused by metallic connectors, which reduce energy efficiency. PERFOFRP connectors, made from perforated glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets, have been proposed to address this issue. These connectors feature holes that allow concrete to pass through, creating anchoring pins that enhance shear resistance and prevent the separation of the concrete layers. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the diameter and number of holes on the mechanical strength of PERFOFRP connectors. Three diameters not previously reported in the literature were selected: 12.70 mm, 15.88 mm, and 19.05 mm. A total of 18 specimens, encompassing 6 different configurations with varying numbers of holes, underwent push-out tests. The most significant resistance increase was a 15% gain over non-perforated connectors, observed in the configuration featuring three holes of 19.05 mm. The connections exhibited rigid and nearly linear behavior until failure.
Professional Sports Event Attendance and Construction Workers’ Job Burnout: The Mediating Role of Leisure Spillover
Authors: Hou Yuyang , Jiang Hao , Gao Yucai , Huang Qian , Yang Lei
Published: October 2024

In recent years, with the increase in work intensity and the more complex working environment in the construction industry, the problem of job burnout among construction workers has become increasingly prominent. Job burnout not only affects workers’ physical health and work efficiency, leading to more serious safety hazards, but also deeply affects the well-being of construction workers. This study adopts an alternative perspective to explore the impact of professional sports event attendance on construction workers’ job burnout and to analyze the mediating role of leisure spillover in this process. Through a questionnaire survey of construction workers, 641 data points were collected for empirical statistical analysis. The results of the study show that the attention of construction workers’ sports career events can effectively reduce job burnout, and that leisure spillover plays a partial mediating role in this process. This study verifies the positive role of sports career events in promoting construction workers’ mental health through empirical analysis and provides practical references for occupational health management and the mental health development of construction worker groups.
Effectiveness of Generative AI for Post-Earthquake Damage Assessment
Authors: Estêvão João M. C.
Published: October 2024

After an earthquake, rapid assessment of building damage is crucial for emergency response, reconstruction planning, and public safety. This study evaluates the performance of various Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) models in analyzing post-earthquake images to classify structural damage according to the EMS-98 scale, ranging from minor damage to total destruction. Correct classification rates for masonry buildings varied from 28.6% to 64.3%, with mean damage grade errors between 0.50 and 0.79, while for reinforced concrete buildings, rates ranged from 37.5% to 75.0%, with errors between 0.50 and 0.88. Fine-tuning these models could substantially improve accuracy. The practical implications are significant: integrating accurate GAI models into disaster response protocols can drastically reduce the time and resources required for damage assessment compared to traditional methods. This acceleration enables emergency services to make faster, data-driven decisions, optimize resource allocation, and potentially save lives. Furthermore, the widespread adoption of GAI models can enhance resilience planning by providing valuable data for future infrastructure improvements. The results of this work demonstrate the promise of GAI models for rapid, automated, and precise damage evaluation, underscoring their potential as invaluable tools for engineers, policymakers, and emergency responders in post-earthquake scenarios.
Procalcitonin Level Monitoring in Antibiotic De-Escalation and Stewardship Program for Patients with Cancer and Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Dagher Hiba , Chaftari Anne-Marie , Hachem Ray , Jiang Ying , Philip Ann , Mulanovich Patricia , Haddad Andrea , Lamie Peter , Wilson Dib Rita , John Teny M. , Dailey Garnes Natalie J. M. , Ali Shahnoor , Chaftari Patrick , Raad Issam I.
Published: October 2024

Objective: Serial procalcitonin (PCT) monitoring has been adopted to supplement clinical judgement and help guide antibiotic therapy as part of antimicrobial stewardship programs. PCT levels peak 24 to 48 h after infection onset and decline with infection resolution. We explored the role of PCT as an infection biomarker for guiding antibiotic therapy in cancer patients hospitalized for febrile neutropenia. Design: Prospective randomized study. Methods: Patients were enrolled between October 2021 and August 2023 and received empiric intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics (IVBSA) for at least 48 h. PCT was measured at baseline and 48–72 h after IVBSA initiation. PCT drop 48–72 h after IVBSA initiation was defined as a reduction of 30% from baseline or a PCT level < 0.25 ng/mL. De-escalation was defined as a switch from IVBSA to oral or simplified once-daily IV therapy. Results: Of the 89 patients with available PCT levels, 53 (60%) had a PCT drop, most of whom (79%) underwent IVBSA de-escalation. Compared with patients without a PCT drop, patients with a PCT drop had a higher de-escalation rate at 72 h (71% vs. 45%; p = 0.003) and a shorter median antibiotic duration (55 h vs. 98 h; p = 0.004). Patients with bacteremia had a significantly higher median PCT level than those without bacteremia (2.35 ng/mL vs. 0.370 ng/mL, p = 0.013). Conclusions: In patients with cancer and febrile neutropenia, a PCT drop was associated with earlier therapy de-escalation and shorter antibiotic duration. PCT monitoring may be useful in antimicrobial stewardship initiatives in this patient population. Clinical trials identifier: NCT04983901.
Influence of Perineural (Pn), Lymphangio (L) and Vascular (V) Invasion on Survival after Resection of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Margies Rabea , Gröger Lisa-Katharina , Straub Beate K. , Bartsch Fabian , Lang Hauke
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is a rare malignancy of the biliary tract, for which surgery remains the treatment of choice. However, even after radical resection, the prognosis is poor. In addition to tumor size, depth of invasion and nodal/metastatic status, the TNM classification includes additional parameters such as perineural (Pn), lymphangio (L) and vascular (V) invasion. The prognostic impact of these factors is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of these parameters on overall survival after resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Material and Methods: Data from all patients who underwent surgical exploration for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma between January 2013 and December 2023 were included into an institutional database. The impact of perineural, lymphangio and vascular invasion on overall survival was analyzed. Results: Over the 11-year period, a total of 214 patients underwent surgical exploration for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Curative intended resection was possible in 168 patients (78.5%). Perineural invasion, lymphangio invasion and vascular invasion were present in 79.2%, in 17.3% and in 14.3% of patients, respectively. Cross tabulation revealed a significant association between the presence of L1 and V1 (p = 0.006). There was also a significant association of Pn1, L1, and V1 with R-status (p = 0.010; p = 0.006 and p ≤ 0.001). While V1 was associated with significantly worse overall survival across the entire cohort, Pn1 alone showed only a tendency towards worse overall survival without reaching statistical significance. In Bismuth type IV, both L1 and V1, but not Pn1, were significantly associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.001; p = 0.017 and p = 0.065). Conclusions: Perineural invasion is very common in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Although Pn1 was associated with a tendency toward worse survival, it did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, vascular invasion significantly worsened overall survival in the entire cohort, and lymphangio invasion was linked to worse overall survival in Bismuth type IV tumors. The combination of perineural invasion with positivity of more than one additional factor (either L or V) was also associated with worse overall survival. In patients with Bismuth type IV, these pathological markers appeared to have even greater prognostic relevance.
Is Carmustine Wafer Implantation in Progressive High-Grade Gliomas a Relevant Therapeutic Option? Complication Rate, Predictors of Complications and Onco-Functional Outcomes in a Series of 53 Cases
Authors: Gkasdaris Grigorios , Berthiller Julien , Guyotat Jacques , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Gallet Clémentine , Meyronet David , Thomas Laure , Cartalat Stéphanie , Seyve Antoine , Honnorat Jérôme , Ducray François , Picart Thiebaud
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The aim was to determine the complication rate and the predictors of complications and survival in high-grade glioma surgically managed at progression with implantation of Carmustine wafers. Methods: A retrospective series of 53 consecutive patients operated on between 2017 and 2022 was built. Results: The median age was 55 ± 10.9 years. The rates of global and infectious complications were 35.8% and 18.9%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, patients with a preoperative neurological deficit were more prone to develop a postoperative complication (HR = 5.35 95% CI 1.49–19.26, p = 0.01). No predictor of infectious complication was identified. In the grade 4 glioma subgroup (n = 44), progression-free and overall survival (calculated starting from the reresection) reached 3.95 months, 95% CI 2.92–5.21 and 11.51 months, 95% CI 9.11–17.18, respectively. Preoperative KPS > 80% (HR = 0.97 95% CI 0.93–0.99, p = 0.04), Gross Total Resection (HR = 0.38 95% CI 0.18–0.80, p = 0.01), and 3-month postoperative KPS > 80% (HR = 0.35 95% CI 0.17–0.72, p = 0.004) were predictors of prolonged overall survival. Conclusions: Surgical resection is a relevant option in high-grade gliomas at progression, especially in patients with a preoperative KPS > 80%, without preoperative neurological deficit, and amenable to complete resection. In patients elected for surgery, Carmustine wafer implantation is associated with a high rate of complications. It is consequently critical to closely monitor the patients for whom this option is chosen.
Pericardial Disease in Patients with Cancer: Clinical Insights on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Lorenzo-Esteller Laia , Ramos-Polo Raúl , Pons Riverola Alexandra , Morillas Herminio , Berdejo Javier , Pernas Sonia , Pomares Helena , Asiain Leyre , Garay Alberto , Martínez Pérez Evelyn , Jiménez-Marrero Santiago , Alcoberro Lidia , Nadal Ernest , Gubern-Prieto Paula , Gual-Capllonch Francisco , Hidalgo Encarna , Enjuanes Cristina , Comin-Colet Josep , Moliner Pedro
Published: October 2024

Pericardial disease is increasingly recognized in cancer patients, including acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and constrictive pericarditis, often indicating a poor prognosis. Acute pericarditis arises from direct tumor involvement, cancer therapies, and radiotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related pericarditis, though rare, entails significant mortality risk. Treatment includes NSAIDs, colchicine, and corticosteroids or anti-IL1 drugs in refractory cases. Pericardial effusion is the most frequent manifestation, primarily caused by lung cancer, followed by breast cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, gastrointestinal tumors, and melanoma. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy may also cause fluid accumulation in the pericardial space. Symptomatic relief for pericardial effusion may require pericardiocentesis, prolonged catheter drainage, or a pericardial window. Instillation of intrapericardial cytostatic agents may reduce recurrence. Constrictive pericarditis, though less common, often develops from radiotherapy and requires multimodality imaging for diagnosis, with pericardiectomy as the definitive treatment. Primary pericardial tumors are rare, with metastases being more frequent. Patients with cancer and pericardial disease generally have poor survival, emphasizing the need for early detection. A multidisciplinary approach involving hematologists, oncologists, and cardiologists is crucial to tailoring pericardial disease treatment to a patient’s clinical status, thereby improving the quality of life and prognosis.
Synthetic and Natural Inhibitors of Mortalin for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kaushal Shruti , Gupta Samriddhi , Shefrin Seyad , Vora Dhvani Sandip , Kaul Sunil C. , Sundar Durai , Wadhwa Renu , Dhanjal Jaspreet Kaur
Published: October 2024

Upregulation of stress chaperone Mortalin has been closely linked to the malignant transformation of cells, tumorigenesis, the progression of tumors to highly aggressive stages, metastasis, drug resistance, and relapse. Various in vitro and in vivo assays have provided evidence of the critical role of Mortalin upregulation in promoting cancer cell characteristics, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and the inhibition of apoptosis, a consistent feature of most cancers. Given its critical role in several steps in oncogenesis and multi-modes of action, Mortalin presents a promising target for cancer therapy. Consequently, Mortalin inhibitors are emerging as potential anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we discuss various inhibitors of Mortalin (peptides, small RNAs, natural and synthetic compounds, and antibodies), elucidating their anti-cancer potentials.
Cap-Specific m6Am Methyltransferase PCIF1/CAPAM Regulates mRNA Stability of RAB23 and CNOT6 through the m6A Methyltransferase Activity
Authors: Sugita Ai , Kano Ryoya , Ishiguro Hiroyasu , Yanagisawa Natsuki , Kuruma Soichiro , Wani Shotaro , Tanaka Aki , Tabuchi Yoshiaki , Ohkuma Yoshiaki , Hirose Yutaka
Published: October 2024

Chemical modifications of cellular RNAs play key roles in gene expression and host defense. The cap-adjacent N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) is a prevalent modification of vertebrate and viral mRNAs and is catalyzed by the newly discovered N6 methyltransferase PCIF1. However, its role in gene expression remains unclear due to conflicting reports on its effects on mRNA stability and translation. In this study, we investigated the impact of siRNA-mediated transient suppression of PCIF1 on global mRNA expression in HeLa cells. We identified a subset of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that exhibited minimal overlap with previously reported DEGs. Subsequent validation revealed that PCIF1 positively and negatively regulates RAB23 and CNOT6 expression, respectively, at both the mRNA and protein levels. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that PCIF1 regulates the stability of these target mRNAs rather than their transcription, and rescue experiments confirmed the requirement of PCIF1’s methyltransferase activity for these regulations. Furthermore, MeRIP-qPCR analysis showed that PCIF1 suppression significantly reduced the m6A levels of RAB23 and CNOT6 mRNAs. These findings suggest that PCIF1 regulates the stability of specific mRNAs in opposite ways through m6A modification, providing new insights into the role of m6Am in the regulation of gene expression.
Atypical Exon 2/3 Mutants G48C, Q43K, and E37K Present Oncogenic Phenotypes Distinct from Characterized NRAS Variants
Authors: Fran Mark Anthony G. , Leaño Dominique Mickai G. , de Borja James Allen D. , Uy Charles John T. , Andresan Aleq Adrianne R. , Sacdalan Dennis L. , Garcia Reynaldo L.
Published: October 2024

NRAS belongs to the RAS family of GTPases. In colorectal cancer (CRC), NRAS mutations are rare compared to KRAS, but may lead to worse outcomes. We report the functional characterization of the novel NRAS mutants—G48C, Q43K, and E37K—identified in Filipino young-onset CRC patients. Unlike previously characterized NRAS mutants with no apparent effects on cell proliferation, these mutants enhanced proliferation of both HCT116 and NIH3T3 cells. This was confirmed in 3D spheroid assays to mimic the spatial organization of cells. G48C and E37K showed apoptosis resistance in both cell lines, and Q43K showed resistance in HCT116 cells. All three showed no effect on cellular migration in NIH3T3, but G48C enhanced the migration rate of HCT116 cells. Actin staining of NIH3T3 cells expressing the mutants showed a shrunken cytoplasm and transient structures associated with motility and invasiveness. Docking simulations show that GDP is only able to bind fully within the binding pocket of wild-type NRAS, but not in the mutants. Further, G48C, Q43K, and E37K all have less negative ΔG values, indicating a weaker GDP-binding affinity compared to wild-type NRAS. Taken together, the results suggest that oncogenic readouts of NRAS mutants are codon- and mutation-specific, with potential repercussions on the aggressiveness, resistance, and therapeutic response.
Modification of Cu-Based Current Collectors and Their Application in High-Performance Zn Metal Anode: A Review
Authors: Gao Xiujie , Wang Fei , Xing Yibo , Kong Chunyang , Gao Yumeng , Jia Zhihui , Wang Guangbin , Pei Yifei , Liu Yong
Published: October 2024

Zinc-based batteries (ZBBs) have proven to be tremendously plausible for large-scale electrochemical energy storage applications due to their merits of desirable safety, low-cost, and low environmental impact. Nevertheless, the zinc metal anodes in ZBBs still suffer from many issues, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs), corrosion, passivation, and other types of undesirable side reactions, which severely hinder practical application. The modification of Cu-based current collectors (CCs) has proven to be an efficient method to regulate zinc deposition and prevent dendritic growth, thereby improving the Coulombic efficiency (CE) and lifespan of batteries (e.g., up to 99.977% of CE over 6900 cycles after modification), which is an emerging research topic in recent years. In this review, we provide a systematic overview of the modification of copper-based CCs and their application in zinc metal anodes. The relationships between their modification strategies, nano-micro-structures, and electrochemical performance are systematically reviewed. Ultimately, their promising prospects for future development are also proposed. We hope that this review could contribute to the design of copper-based CCs for zinc-based batteries and facilitate their practical application.
Electroanalytical Studies on Codeposition of Cobalt with Ruthenium from Acid Chloride Baths
Authors: Dobosz Iwona , Rudnik Ewa
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the influence of potential and the Co(II)–Ru(III) molar ratio on the electrochemical behavior of the Co–Ru system during codeposition from acidic chloride electrolytes. The equilibrium speciation of the baths was investigated spectrophotometrically and compared with theoretical calculations based on the stability constants of Co(II) and Ru(III) complexes. The codeposition of the metals was characterized using electroanalytical methods, including cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and anodic stripping linear voltammetry. The alloys obtained at different potentials were analyzed for their elemental composition (EDS, mapping), phase composition (XRD), and surface morphology (SEM). The morphology and composition of the alloys were mainly dependent on the deposition potential, which controlled the cobalt incorporation. Ruthenium–rich alloys were produced at potentials of −0.6 V and −0.7 V (vs. SCE). In these conditions, cobalt anomalously codeposited due to the formation of the CoOH+ intermediate, triggered by the intense hydrogen evolution on the ruthenium sublayer. Bulk cobalt electrodeposition began at a potential of around −0.8 V, resulting in the formation of cobalt-rich alloys. The early stages of the electrodeposition were investigated using different nucleation models. A transition from 2D progressive nucleation to 3D instantaneous nucleation at around −0.8 V was identified as being caused by cobalt incorporation. This was well correlated with electroanalytical data, partial polarization curves of alloy deposition, elemental mapping analysis, and the structure of the deposits.
Development of a Bioactive Titanium Surface via Alkalinization and Naringenin Coating for Peri-Implant Repair: In Vitro Study
Authors: Ribeiro Isabela Massaro , Cardoso Lais Medeiros , Pansani Taisa Nogueira , Chagas Ana Carolina , de Souza Costa Carlos Alberto , Basso Fernanda Gonçalves
Published: October 2024

This study assessed the effects of titanium (Ti) surface modification with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) associated or not with Naringenin (NA) citrus flavonoid-coating on osteoblastic-like cells (Ob) metabolism. Ti discs were submitted to alkalinization by NaOH solution (5 M, 60 °C) for 24 h; then, the discs were impregnated or not with 100 µg/mL of NA and dried for 1 h at room temperature. The chemical composition, surface topography, and NA release were evaluated. For the biological assays, the discs were placed on 24-well cell culture plates and Ob (Saos-2; ATCC HTB-85) was seeded onto the discs. After different periods, cell adhesion and viability, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and mineralized nodules deposition (MND) were assessed. In addition, cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were submitted to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 synthesis and ALP gene expression assessment. Since data presented normal distribution and homogeneity (Shapiro-Wilk; Levene), Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA/post-hoc tests were selected for data analysis (α = 0.05). Higher roughness was observed on Ti discs submitted to NaOH treatment, while the chemical and NA release evaluations indicated the successful adsorption of NA to alkali-treated Ti surface. Higher cell adhesion, cell viability (after 7 days of culture), ALP activity, and MND were observed on Ti NaOH coated with NA compared to the control group (Ti NaOH) (p < 0.05). Moreover, NA coating also promoted decreased MMP-2 synthesis and increased ALP gene expression in the presence of the inflammatory stimulus TNF-α (p < 0.05). The modification of Ti disks with NaOH associated with NA-coating enhanced bone cell metabolism, suggesting that this type of surface modification has a promising potential to accelerate bone repair and formation around dental implants.
Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Mg-Al-pAB-LDH Coating for Steel in the Marine Environment
Authors: Tian Yuwan , Wang Nanchuan , Wen Cheng , Lou Gongqi , Zhong Bisheng
Published: October 2024

In this study, the surface of steel was coated with a Mg-Al-pAB-LDH coating in order to enhance its corrosion resistance in the marine environment. The crystal structure, micro-morphology, and chemical composition of the Mg-Al-pAB-LDH coating were characterised using physicochemical techniques. The corrosion protection performance in a simulated marine environment was evaluated through electrochemical methods. The results indicate that the Mg-Al-pAB-LDH coating effectively adsorbs chloride ions from the environment, thereby increasing the corrosion potential of the steel in chloride environments and reducing its corrosion current density. In addition, the Mg-Al-pAB-LDH coating applied to the surface of steel not only enhances the corrosion resistance in the marine environment but also possesses self-healing capabilities in areas of local damage to the steel surface.
A Review on the Effect of Wood Surface Modification on Paint Film Adhesion Properties
Authors: Hang Jingyi , Yan Xiaoxing , Li Jun
Published: October 2024

Wood surface treatment aims to improve or reduce the surface activity of wood by physical treatment, chemical treatment, biological activation treatment or other methods to achieve the purpose of surface modification. After wood surface modification, the paint film adhesion performance, gluing performance, surface wettability, surface free energy and surface visual properties would be affected. This article aims to explore the effects of different modification methods on the adhesion of wood coating films. Modification of the wood surface significantly improves the adhesion properties of the paint film, thereby extending the service life of the coating. Research showed that physical external force modification improved the hydrophilicity and wettability of wood by changing its surface structure and texture, thus enhancing the adhesion of the coating. Additionally, high-temperature heat treatment modification reduced the risk of coating cracking and peeling by eliminating stress and moisture within the wood. Chemical impregnation modification utilized the different properties of organic and inorganic substances to improve the stability and durability of wood. Organic impregnation effectively filled the wood cell wall and increased its density, while inorganic impregnation enhanced the adhesion of the coating by forming stable chemical bonds. Composite modification methods combined the advantages of the above technologies and significantly improved the comprehensive properties of wood through multiple modification treatments, showing superior adhesion and durability. Comprehensive analysis indicated that selecting the appropriate modification method was key for different wood types and application environments.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Potential Anatomic Risk Factors for Anterolateral Ankle Impingement in Children and Adolescents Suffering from Non-Overload Atraumatic Ankle Pain
Authors: Bäumler Wolf , Straub Josina , Weber Johannes , Ostheim Patrick , Lenz Julia , Alt Volker , Stroszczynski Christian , Reinhard Jan , Popp Daniel
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: To assess magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings in children and adolescents with atraumatic non-overload ankle pain and to identify potential anatomic risk factors. Methods: In total, 310 MRIs of 6- to 20-year-old patients were evaluated regarding detectable ankle pathologies. A total of 147 patients (68 males; 79 females) suffered from atraumatic non-overload ankle pain. The findings were compared to a control group (163 patients: 89 males; 74 females), including patients with ankle trauma in the 4 weeks prior to MRI examination. A t-test for unpaired samples and a binary logistic regression model were used to identify significant differences between both groups and determine potential anatomic risk factors. Results: In the group with atraumatic ankle pain, 95 patients (64.6%) showed at least one pathology. Anterolateral impingement of the upper ankle joint was found in 29 patients (19.7%). Its occurrence was significantly higher in atraumatic non-overload patients than in the control group (p = 0.043). Moreover, a significant correlation between anterolateral impingement of the upper ankle and the presence of hindfoot valgus malposition (n = 25; 17.0%) could be proven in atraumatic non-overload patients (p = 0.035). Conclusions: Anterolateral impingement of the upper ankle joint is frequently observed in children and adolescents suffering from atraumatic non-overload ankle pain, whereby a hindfoot valgus malposition seems to present an anatomic risk factor.
Herpes Simplex Keratitis Following Corneal Crosslinking for Keratoconus: A One-Year Case Series Follow-Up
Authors: Bagatin Freja , Radman Ivana , Ranđelović Karla , Petric Vicković Ivanka , Lacmanović Lončar Valentina , Iveković Renata , Vatavuk Zoran
Published: October 2024

Corneal crosslinking (CXL) is a medical procedure used to treat keratoconus. CXL works by strengthening the collagen fibers of the cornea through the application of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and ultraviolet (UV) light, which helps to stabilize the cornea and prevent further deterioration. There is a recognized risk that CXL can trigger the reactivation of dormant herpes simplex virus (HSV), leading to herpetic keratitis even in patients with no history of herpetic disease. We examined the medical history of 52 patients who underwent CXL procedures due to previously diagnosed keratoconus. We reviewed the patient’s medical histories to assess whether there was a herpes labialis infection and/or herpetic keratitis. Altogether, 52 eyes (from 52 patients) were analyzed. Of those, four (7.69%) patients were diagnosed with epithelial herpetic keratitis on the 5–8th day after surgery. All four patients had a history of herpes labialis and no prior HSV keratitis infection. Two patients developed herpetic keratitis despite prophylactic therapy with acyclovir 5 days before surgery. A positive history of HSV lip infection before CXL was present in 18/52 (34.62%). During a one-year follow-up period, no patient experienced a recurrence. Close follow-up is crucial for diagnosing herpetic keratitis after corneal crosslinking. The use of prophylactic antiviral therapy in patients who are asymptomatic and have a history of recurrent herpes labialis does not guarantee the prevention of infection.