bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrauterine Growth Retardation in Pregnant Women with Long QT Syndrome Treated with Beta-Receptor Blockers
Authors: Welzel Tatjana , Donner Birgit , van den Anker Johannes N.
Published: June 2021

Pregnant women with inherited long QT syndrome (iLQTS) are at an increased risk for preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) due to their underlying disease. Additionally, they are at a risk of arrhythmogenic events, particularly during the postpartum period because of physiological changes and increased emotional/physical stress. β-receptor blockers can effectively prevent life-threatening Torsades de Pointes ventricular tachycardia and they are the treatment of choice in iLQTS. Use of β-receptor blockers in pregnancy is recommended, although IUGR is commonly reported for prenatally exposed infants. IUGR, particularly in preterm infants, can result in adverse neonatal outcomes. This review was performed to support clinicians in their selection of β-receptor blocker treatment for their pregnant iLQTS women by (i) summarizing the available literature addressing the impact of different β-receptor blockers on IUGR and (ii) reporting additional aspects which might influence the β-receptor blocker selection. In general, experts recommend to use nonselective β-receptor blockers, such as nadolol and propranolol, for iLQTS management as these drugs seem to be superior in effectiveness. However, β-1-selective receptor blockers, such as bisoprolol or metoprolol, seem to affect less likely uterine contraction, peripheral vasodilation, and are associated with lower IUGR rates and fetal hypoglycemia. They are therefore recommended, except atenolol, as first-line therapy for pregnant women. Additionally, maternal factors such as iLQTS genotype, other underlying comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus type 1, asthma bronchiale), and uteroplacental dysfunction or fetal factors have to be taken into account. Therefore, each woman with iLQTS who wants to become pregnant should be well-advised for a personalized β-receptor blocker therapy according to the individual risk-benefit evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of cardiologists, gynecologists, pediatric cardiologists, neonatologists, and clinical pharmacologists. During pregnancy, a close monitoring of IUGR and, after birth, monitoring of bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and respiratory depression in the neonate is mandatory. This review summarizes available data on β-receptor blocker-related risk for IUGR in prenatally exposed infants and illustrates which factors might influence β-receptor blocker selection with the aim to support clinicians in their pharmacological management of their pregnant iLQTS patients.
A biblioteca escolar Enfermeira Zélia Maria Teixeira Cavalcante e a educação permanente em saúde: recurso didático-pedagógico
Authors: Silva Gabriela Crispim da , Barros Maria Rejane Silva , Mota Francisca Rosaline Leite
Published: June 2021

Analisa a Biblioteca Escolar Enfermeira Zélia Maria Teixeira Cavalcante enquanto recurso didático-pedagógico em sala de aula do Centro de Ensino Profissionalizante “Escola Técnica de Saúde Professora Valéria Hora (ETSAL)” da Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas (UNCISAL). A Escola Valéria Hora oferta cursos nos níveis fundamental e médio (ensino técnico multiprofissional na saúde), através das instâncias gestoras da Política Nacional e Estadual de Educação para a Saúde em Alagoas. Inicialmente as atividades da escola atendiam as demandas da comunidade através de processo seletivo anual, cuja proposta pedagógica é feita por disciplina. Discussões sobre a Política de Educação em Saúde no estado; tornou a ETSAL integrante da Rede de Escolas Técnicas do Sistema Único de Saúde (RETSUS), criada pelo Ministério da Saúde. Sua participação na rede modificou a estrutura física e administrativa com a proposta formativa para alunos/trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde. Os cursos passaram a ser ofertados nos 102 municípios alagoanos (descentralizados) e migraram da metodologia tradicional de ensino para metodologia ativa de aprendizagem com a prática de ensino por problematização e estudo de caso e estrutura organizada por currículo integrado. O objetivo do estudo é verificar as nuances que envolvem o setor administrativo e a biblioteca como um elemento importante para a construção da subjetividade do estudante. O percurso metodológico adotou como tipo de pesquisa o estudo de caso, tendo como instrumento para a coleta de dados a observação direta participante. Os resultados apontam para a inexistência de um diálogo efetivo entre os atores envolvidos nas práticas pedagógicas da escola de modo a inserir a biblioteca no currículo escolar. Além disto, foi possível observar que a atuação da biblioteca é mínima no projeto político-pedagógico, o acervo é inadequado, inexistem recursos tecnológicos e infraestrutura adequada, a frequência de usuários esporádica e, ainda, não possui bibliotecário. Conclui que no âmbito dos cursos descentralizados é necessário trabalhar também com a Biblioteca Virtual em Educação Permanente em Saúde e a inclusão de um referencial bibliográfico que remeta ao acervo físico, virtual ou misto para atender as demandas informacionais dos cursos na prática de ensino-aprendizagem em sala de aula. Por fim, considera que os materiais utilizados pelos instrutores e pelos alunos devem utilizar fontes de pesquisas científicas com critérios de qualidade nos campos de integração ensino-trabalho-comunidade, tornando a Biblioteca Escolar Enfermeira Zélia Maria Teixeira Cavalcante mais uma ferramenta pedagógica importante na aquisição e disseminação da informação.
Seja bem-vindo e boa viagem! Ensaio acerca do significado dos portais na paisagem das rodovias paranaenses
Authors: Rosaneli Alessandro Filla , Almeida Gabriela Pereira Mendonça de
Published: June 2021

A paisagem é uma construção coletiva e se constitui como resultado de disputas entre grupos que procuram marcar o mundo de acordo com suas concepções. No universo urbano, inscrições no território podem assumir variada compleição e apresentar distintos níveis de significação, como marcos urbanos e/ou monumentos. Em razão da marcante presença de portais instalados nas rodovias paranaenses, este texto tem o objetivo de instigar juízos acerca da sua contribuição para a conformação da paisagem. Para tanto, a partir de sucintos apontamentos sobre a categoria de paisagem e o conceito de monumento, apresenta-se uma classificação e uma sucinta descrição desses portais com vistas a identificá-los como elementos representantes de nosso estágio comunal. Trata-se de resultado de inquietação que se consolidou por varredura digital exploratória das entradas rodoviárias dos municípios do Paraná no Google Street View, alimentado por notícias disponíveis na internet.
possibilidade de paisagem na prática do IPHAN à luz da experiência de Gustavo Giovannoni
Authors: Dantas Hugo Stefano Monteiro , Souza Pedro Augusto Queiroz de , Rossin Mariana Silva , Chaves Thamires Augusto de Barros , Carneiro Ana Rita Sá
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo discute as implicações e os desafios quanto à salvaguarda da paisagem nas políticas preservacionistas brasileiras, recorrendo às proposições teóricas de Gustavo Giovannoni no século XX como possível meio de reflexão sobre a atuação do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional – Iphan. Apesar de não fazer menção a palavra “paisagem”, Giovannoni aproxima-se dela, a partir do conceito de “ambiente”, no entanto, a paisagem está presente no decreto-lei que institui o principal instrumento de proteção do Iphan, o tombamento, e, ainda assim, se restringe a termos como “entorno”, “vizinhança” e “visibilidade”. Assim, para a construção da narrativa, são locados dois estudos de caso da atuação do Iphan, servindo de suporte e objetos para a reflexão proposta: o processo de tombamento do Entorno da Casa de Chico Mendes em Xapuri/AC e o processo de tombamento do Conjunto Histórico, Arquitetônico e Paisagístico de Cataguases/MG.
Adherence to Recommended Eating Patterns Is Associated With Lower Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Chen Guo-Chong , Arthur Rhonda , Mossavar-Rahmani Yasmin , Xue Xiaonan , Haring Bernhard , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Allison Matthew A. , Liu Simin , Tinker Lesley F. , Saquib Nazmus , Coday Mace , Shikany James M. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Snetselaar Linda G. , Van Horn Linda , Rohan Thomas E. , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Kaplan Robert C. , Qi Qibin
Published: June 2021

The potential role of nutritional factors in the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains poorly understood. We evaluated multiple recommended eating patterns as reflected by predefined diet quality indices in relation to long-term risk of PAD. We included 138 506 US postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative who had no known PAD at baseline (1993–1998). Four diet quality indices, including alternate Mediterranean diet index, alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet index, and Healthy Eating Index-2015, were derived using dietary information collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Incident cases of symptomatic PAD in the lower extremities were ascertained and adjudicated through March 2019 via medical record review. During a median 18.6 years of follow-up, 1036 incident PAD cases were identified. After multivariable adjustment, all diet quality scores were significantly and inversely associated with 21% (for alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010) to 34% (for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension index) lower risk of PAD when comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles (all
P
-for-trend values ≤0.010). Among contributing food groups and nutrients, intakes of legumes, dietary fiber, and vegetable protein were associated lower risk of PAD, while intakes of unprocessed red meat, processed meat, and regular soft drinks were associated with higher risk. In a broad sample of US postmenopausal women, adhering to different recommended eating patterns is associated with lower risk of PAD. Our findings suggest that current clinical and public health strategies that recommend healthful eating patterns may also be applicable to PAD prevention.
Heterogeneity of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Asian Immigrants: Insights From the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Koirala Binu , Turkson‐Ocran Ruth‐Alma , Baptiste Diana , Koirala Bibhu , Francis Lucine , Davidson Patricia , Himmelfarb Cheryl Dennison , Commodore‐Mensah Yvonne
Published: June 2021

Background

The Asian population is the fastest‐growing immigrant population in the United States. Prior studies have examined the Asian immigrant population as a homogenous group. We hypothesized that there will be heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Asian immigrant subgroups (Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Asia) compared with the non‐Hispanic White population.

Methods and Results

A cross‐sectional analysis of the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey was conducted among 508 941 adults who were born in Asian regions or were non‐Hispanic White and born in the United States. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were fitted to compare the prevalence of self‐reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and current smoking among Asian immigrants compared with White adults, adjusting for known confounders. We included 33 973 Asian immigrants from Southeast Asia (45%), Asia (29%), the Indian subcontinent (26%), and 474 968 White adults. Compared with non‐Hispanic White adults, Indian subcontinent immigrants had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity (prevalence ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19–1.25); Southeast Asian immigrants had the highest prevalence of high cholesterol (prevalence ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23); Indian subcontinent (prevalence ratio, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49–1.93) and Southeast Asian (prevalence ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26–1.52) immigrants had a higher prevalence of diabetes. All Asian immigrant subgroups were more likely to be physically inactive and less likely to smoke than White adults.

Conclusions

We observed significant heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Asian immigrants and a varied prevalence of risk factors compared with non‐Hispanic White adults. Providers caring for Asian immigrants should provide tailored and culturally informed care to improve the cardiovascular health of this diverse group.
Spenser’s View and the Production of Political Knowledge in Elizabethan England
Authors: Popper Nicholas
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes the View as an example of knowledge production, rather than plumbing it for representation or ideology as scholars have traditionally done. Tracing the process of construction, sources, and generic conventions that Spenser wielded not only illuminates some of the more curious elements of the View, but also reveals his practices and motivations for it. As this article suggests, such an approach reinforces the idea that Spenser designed the View as an appeal for the patronage and support of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, by modeling specific forms of expertise and counsel characteristic of the Essex circle.
Does degeneration or genetic conflict shape gene content on UV sex chromosomes?
Authors: CAREY SARAH B. , KOLLAR LESLIE M. , MCDANIEL STUART F.
Published: June 2021

Studies of sex chromosomes have played a central role in understanding the consequences of suppressed recombination and sex-specific inheritance among several genomic phenomena. However, we argue that these efforts will benefit from a more rigorous examination of haploid UV sex chromosome systems, in which both the female-limited (U) and male-limited (V) experience suppressed recombination and sex-limited inheritance, and both are transcriptionally active in the haploid and diploid states. We review the life cycle differences that generate UV sex chromosomes and genomic data showing that ancient UV systems have evolved independently in many eukaryotic groups, but gene movement on and off the sex chromosomes, and potentially degeneration continue to shape the current gene content of the U and V chromosomes. Although both theory and empirical data show that the evolution of UV sex chromosomes is shaped by many of the same processes that govern diploid sex chromosome systems, we highlight how the symmetrical inheritance between the UV chromosomes provide an important test of sex-limited inheritance in shaping genome architecture. We conclude by examining how genetic conflict (over sexual dimorphism, transmission-ratio distortion, or parent-offspring conflict) may drive gene gain on UV sex chromosomes, and highlight the role of breeding system in governing the action of these processes. Collectively these observations demonstrate the potential for evolutionary genomic analyses of varied UV sex chromosome systems, combined with natural history studies, to understand how genetic conflict shapes sex chromosome gene content.
A new stonefly species (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) from Eocene Baltic amber and questions on the wing venation potential for species diagnostic of fossil Plecoptera
Authors: JOUAULT CORENTIN , LEGENDRE FRÉDÉRIC , CONDAMINE FABIEN L. , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: June 2021

Examination of Baltic amber Plecoptera reveals a new species of Isoperla: Isoperla baltica sp. nov. The placement of this new species is supported by an in-depth comparison of apomorphies supporting families, subfamilies, and suborders. Contrary to previous descriptions of many fossil species, we took advantage of the good preservation of the genitalia to describe and compare this new species to its extant congeners. Finally, we discuss the usefulness and limitations of relying on wing venation to identify diagnostic characters in Plecoptera by figuring a specimen of Pteroliriope sinitshenkovae Cui, Béthoux, Kondratieff, Shih & Ren, 2016 with numerous crossveins and an original organization of forewing veins.
Kfar Selouan: A new early Barremian fossiliferous amber outcrop from Lebanon
Authors: MAKSOUD SIBELLE , ZAIDAN OMAR T. , AZAR DANY
Published: June 2021

A new fossiliferous amber outcrop in the heights of Kfar Selouan (Mount El-Kneisseh, Central Lebanon) is described. This new discovery constitutes the 26th amber outcrop with biological inclusions in Lebanon, and open doors to our knowledge about the palaeobiodiversity and palaeoenvironment of the North-Eastern coast of Gondwana during the early Barremian.
Research in Boraginaceae: A new variety of Cryptantha maritima, Cryptantha pondii resurrected, and Johnstonella echinosepala transferred back to Cryptantha
Authors: SIMPSON MICHAEL G. , REBMAN JON P.
Published: June 2021

A review of the species Cryptantha maritima (Boraginaceae) supports the continued recognition of the three varieties, these differing in corolla size, ovule and nutlet number, and calyx vestiture. Mapping of these taxa from verified specimens demonstrates some geographic trends, but also some overlap in ranges. In the process of our study, we discovered a new taxonomic entity. Cryptantha maritima var. vizcainensis is described as new. This variety is restricted to the Vizcaíno Desert of Baja California Sur, Mexico and should be considered rare, as it is known to date from only eleven collections. It differs from the other three varieties of the species in having a canescent, appressed-strigose stem vestiture lacking spreading trichomes, in having a relatively large corolla, and in having a fruit derived from two 1-ovuled ovary lobes, developing into two heteromorphic nutlets. We also discovered that the species Cryptantha pondii, previously treated as a synonym of C. patula, should be resurrected as a distinct taxon. Cryptantha pondii is restricted to the western Vizcaíno Desert and to Natividad Island of Baja California Sur. It is morphologically distinctive in having bracteate flowers, relatively large corollas, and four smooth nutlets heteromorphic by size. It is to date known from only three collections and should be considered extremely rare. We also reviewed the morphological and phylogenetic status of Johnstonella echinosepala. This taxon shows similarities to Cryptantha maritima and also exhibits some morphological discontinuity between Pacific and Gulf populations in Baja California Sur. Evidence from both morphological and phylogenetic studies supports the transfer of this species from the genus Johnstonella back to the genus Cryptantha. Finally, we propose that both C. pondii and C. echinosepala are likely close relatives of C. maritima, all of the “Maritimae clade,” a group distantly related to the main core of the genus Cryptantha. This study confirms the great importance of studying herbarium specimens in taxonomic research.
The Experimental Warning Program of NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed
Authors: Calhoun Kristin M. , Berry Kodi L. , Kingfield Darrel M. , Meyer Tiffany , Krocak Makenzie J. , Smith Travis M. , Stumpf Greg , Gerard Alan
Published: June 2021

NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) is a physical space and research framework to foster collaboration and evaluate emerging tools, technology, and products for NWS operations. The HWT’s Experimental Warning Program (EWP) focuses on research, technology, and communication that may improve severe and hazardous weather warnings and societal response. The EWP was established with three fundamental hypotheses: 1) collaboration with operational meteorologists increases the speed of the transition process and rate of adoption of beneficial applications and technology, 2) the transition of knowledge between research and operations benefits both the research and operational communities, and 3) including end users in experiments generates outcomes that are more reliable and useful for society. The EWP is designed to mimic the operations of any NWS Forecast Office, providing the opportunity for experiments to leverage live and archived severe weather activity anywhere in the United States. During the first decade of activity in the EWP, 15 experiments covered topics including new radar and satellite applications, storm-scale numerical models and data assimilation, total lightning use in severe weather forecasting, and multiple social science and end-user topics. The experiments range from exploratory and conceptual research to more controlled experimental design to establish statistical patterns and causal relationships. The EWP brought more than 400 NWS forecasters, 60 emergency managers, and 30 broadcast meteorologists to the HWT to participate in live demonstrations, archive events, and data-denial experiments influencing today’s operational warning environment and shaping the future of warning research, technology, and communication for years to come.
Implementing and Assessing Evidence-Based Character Education
Authors: Berkowitz Marvin W
Published: June 2021

Those who implement character education initiatives intend for those initiatives to be effective in promoting the development of character. To maximize this likelihood, it is important to consider common problems of implementation and assessment. This article addresses four challenges to effective implementation: (a) what counts as evidence of effectiveness, (b) how to know about such evidence, (c) how to implement with fidelity, and (d) how to align implementation with targeted outcomes. Assessment is critical to addressing the challenge of effective practice. Here, we examine three core areas of assessment in character education: (a) implementation (process evaluation), (b) school climate, and (c) character development (outcome assessment).
Changing Trends in Age and Sex Distributions of Lyme Disease—United States, 1992-2016
Authors: Kugeler Kiersten J. , Mead Paul S. , Schwartz Amy M. , Hinckley Alison F.
Published: June 2021

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and is characterized by a bimodal age distribution and male predominance. We examined trends in reported cases during a 25-year period to describe changes in the populations most affected by Lyme disease in the United States. We examined demographic characteristics of people with confirmed cases of Lyme disease reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 1992-2016 through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. We grouped cases into 5-year periods (1992-1996, 1997-2001, 2002-2006, 2007-2011, 2012-2016). We calculated the average annual incidence by age and sex and used incidence rate ratios (IRRs) to describe changes in Lyme disease incidence by age and sex over time. We converted patient age at time of illness into patient birth year to ascertain disease patterns according to birth cohorts. The incidence of Lyme disease in the United States doubled from 1992-1996 to 2012-2016 (IRR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.70-1.78) and increased disproportionately among males; IRRs were 39%-89% higher among males than among females for most age groups. During the study period, children aged 5-9 years were most frequently and consistently affected. In contrast, the average age of adults with Lyme disease increased over time; of all adults, people born during 1950-1964 were the most affected by Lyme disease. Our findings suggest that age-related behaviors and susceptibilities may drive infections among children, and the shifting peak among adults likely reflects a probability proportional to the relative size of the baby boom population. These findings can inform targeted and efficient public health education and intervention efforts.
Adaptive model predictive control for an omnidirectional mobile robot with friction compensation and incremental input constraints
Authors: Ren Chao , Li Chunli , Hu Liang , Li Xiaohan , Ma Shugen
Published: June 2021

In this paper, an adaptive model predictive control (MPC) scheme with friction compensation, subject to incremental control input constraints and parameter uncertainties, is proposed for a three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot (OMR). The proposed control framework is in a cascaded structure, wherein the outer-loop is kinematic-based control and the inner-loop is designed based on adaptive linear MPC. First, a complex nonlinear dynamic model of the OMR in the world coordinate frame is transformed and partially linearized into a reduced nonlinear model in the moving coordinate system. The nonlinearity of the reduced model only arises from Coulomb friction. Then an estimated system is established for the reduced nonlinear system, with an adaptive update law estimating the system uncertain parameters. To facilitate the linear MPC design, part of the control efforts is derived by feedback compensation of the Coulomb friction forces, resulting in a linear estimated system. The other part is designed by a constrained linear MPC. Feasibility and stability analyses are given for the proposed adaptive MPC scheme. Finally, experimental comparisons with model-based MPC are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
A lateral control strategy for unmanned ground vehicles with model predictive control and active disturbance rejection control
Authors: Zuo Zhiqiang , Yang Mengjia , Wang Haoyu , Wang Yijing , Wang Li , Luo Xiaoyuan
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a lateral control strategy with kinematic state error model-based predictive control and extended state observer for unmanned ground vehicles. Firstly, we propose a circular arc prediction technique to calculate the state of the reference system. Then, inspired by the idea of active disturbance rejection control, an extended state observer is utilized to estimate the value of the total disturbance caused by modeling uncertainties, external disturbance, and other factors in order to compensate model error. Finally, we propose a lateral controller that combines model-based prediction with extended state observer through state feedback to achieve precise trajectory tracking. The performance of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated by a co-simulation between CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink.
‘That’s Witchcraft’: Community entrepreneuring as a process of navigating intra-community tensions through spiritual practices
Authors: Cucchi Carlo , Lubberink Rob , Dentoni Domenico , Gartner William B.
Published: June 2021

This paper theorizes the spiritual processes of community entrepreneuring as navigating tensions that arise when community-based enterprises (CBEs) emerge within communities and generate socio-economic inequality. Grounded on an ethnographic study of a dairy CBE in rural Malawi, findings reveal that intra-community tensions revolve around the occurrence of ‘bad events’ – mysterious tragedies that, among their multiple meanings, are also framed as witchcraft. Community members prepare for, frame, cope and build collective sustenance from ‘bad events’ by intertwining witchcraft and mundane socio-material practices. Together, these practices reflect the mystery and the ambiguity that surround ‘bad events’ and prevent intra-community tensions from overtly erupting. Through witchcraft, intra-community tensions are channelled, amplified and tamed cyclically as this process first destabilizes community social order and then restabilizes it after partial compensation for socio-economic inequality. Generalizing beyond witchcraft, this spiritual view of community entrepreneuring enriches our understanding of entrepreneuring – meant as organization-creation process in an already organized world – in the context of communities. Furthermore, it sheds light on the dynamics of socio-economic inequality surrounding CBEs, and on how spirituality helps community members to cope with inequality and its effects.
Endoscopic Nasopharyngectomy Combined With Internal Carotid Artery Pretreatment for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Xie Yu‐Long , Liu You‐Ping , Zou Xiong , Chen Jin‐Hua , Hua Yi‐Jun , Gu Yang‐Kui , Ouyang Yan‐Feng , Yu Zi‐Kun , Sun Rui , Huang Pei‐Yu , Chen Ming‐Yuan
Published: June 2021

Objective

Salvage endoscopic nasopharyngectomy (ENPG) is a reasonable choice for resectable recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC). However, in past decades, complete removal of the tumor was not feasible when the recurrent lesion was adjacent to the internal carotid artery (ICA). The present article introduces innovative strategies to ensure sufficient surgical margins while avoiding accidental injury to the ICA.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed rT2‐3 rNPC patients with tumor lesions adjacent to the ICA (<5 mm) who underwent ENPG at the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center between January 2015 and June 2020. Thirty‐seven patients were selected for this study. Seventeen patients underwent ENPG using direct dissection, 10 patients underwent endoscopic‐assisted transcervical protection of the parapharyngeal ICA combined with ENPG, and 10 patients underwent ICA embolization followed by ENPG.

Results

With a median follow‐up duration of 31 months (range, 5 to 53 months), the 2‐year overall survival, progression‐free survival, locoregional recurrence‐free survival, and distant metastasis‐free survival rates of salvage ENPG for rNPC adjacent to the ICA were 88.7%, 72.0%, 72.0%, and 97.3%, respectively. The incidences of grade 1‐2 and grade 3‐5 postoperative complications were 16.2% and 13.5%, respectively. Two patients experienced ICA rupture during direct dissection but were out of danger after vascular embolization therapy. One patient had a positive margin. Two patients had severe nasopharyngeal wound infections with mucosal flap necrosis.

Conclusion

ENPG combined with ICA pretreatment allows the feasible and effective resection of rNPC lesions adjacent to the ICA.
Impact of obesity on outcomes in patients with acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Liu Qiao-Yan , Chen Yue , He Ying , Zhu Ren-Lai
Published: June 2021

Objectives

We assessed the relationship between obesity and all-cause mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, patient data were extracted from the eICU Collaborative Research Database and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Database III. Body mass index (BMI) was grouped according to World Health Organization classifications: underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause mortality related to obesity.

Results

Participants included 185 women and 233 men, mean age 70.7 ± 44.1 years and mean BMI 28.7 ± 8.1 kg/m2. Compared with normal weight patients, obese patients tended to be younger (60.1 ± 13.7 years) and included more women (51.3% vs. 49.0%). In the unadjusted model, HRs (95% CIs) of 30-day mortality for underweight, overweight, and obesity were 1.57 (0.76, 3.27), 0.64 (0.39, 1.08), and 4.83 (2.25, 10.35), respectively, compared with those for normal weight. After adjustment, HRs (95% CIs) of 30-day mortality for underweight, overweight, and obesity were 1.82 (0.85, 3.90), 0.59 (0.29, 1.20), and 3.85 (1.73, 8.57), respectively, compared with the reference group; 90-day and 1-year all-cause mortalities showed similar trends.

Conclusions

Obesity was associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with ARDS.
Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers for stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Minqiang , Han Ming , Han Wei , Kuang Lei
Published: June 2021

Objective

We aimed to compare the efficacy and risks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) versus histamine-2 receptor blocker (H2B) use for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in critically ill patients with sepsis and risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III Clinical Database to identify critically ill adult patients with sepsis who had at least one risk factor for GIB and received either an H2B or PPI for ≥48 hours. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.

Results

After 1:1 PSM, 1056 patients were included in the H2B and PPI groups. The PPI group had higher in-hospital mortality (23.8% vs. 17.5%), GIB (8.9% vs. 1.6%), and pneumonia (49.6% vs. 41.6%) rates than the H2B group. After adjusting for risk factors of GIB and pneumonia, PPI use was associated with a 1.28-times increased risk of in-hospital mortality, 5.89-times increased risk of GIB, and 1.32-times increased risk of pneumonia.

Conclusions

Among critically ill adult patients with sepsis at risk for GIB, SUP with PPIs was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and higher risk of GIB and pneumonia than H2Bs.
The use of public houses as a collective representation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland
Authors: O’Brien John
Published: June 2021

Pubs have served as a collective representation through which the collective identity of ‘Irish society’ has been articulated during the crisis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As such they offer a case study of how meaning making occurs in contemporary periods of social crisis. While the neoliberal era is widely interpreted as period involving a process of desymbolisation in which meaning giving traditions are undermined, in this period of social crisis long-established and authoritative narratives drawn from collective memory circulated to articulate the meaning of the pandemic for the collective identity in the sense of its nature, character, boundaries, ‘others’, and moral duties and sacrifices that membership implied. Highly stereotyped images of the sacred moral core of the collective as represented by publicans who embodied qualities of age and maturity, rural, cultural-nationalist identity and a post Land War ideal of community-oriented owner-proprieters appeared. Similarly conventional representations of the immoral enemies within, who threaten to morally and literally infect the community, can be seen in representations of venues and drinkers who embody youth, the urban crowd and mixing. The ‘other’ through which identity is articulated against was represented through Britishness, which was shown as the source of the undesirable aspects of modernity.
Stability and Changes in Traditional and Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization in Childhood: The Predictive Role of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Huang Jingyi , Huebner E. Scott , Tian Lili
Published: June 2021

Childhood bullying is a public health concern. The stability and changes in children’s bullying profiles should provide useful information about specific risk groups and their developmental patterns. The current longitudinal study examined the stability and changes in bullying involvement in children along with the predictive roles of depressive symptoms in bullying subgroup memberships and transitions. A total of 4,321 Chinese children (55.1% male, Mage = 9.93) participated in self-report assessments at three time points with six-month intervals. Bullying subgroups were identified based on physical, relational, and cyberbullying using latent profile analysis. The transitions patterns were modeled using latent transition analysis. Depressive symptoms were added as a covariate in bullying subgroup memberships and transitions. Five bullying subgroups were found at Time 1 and Time 2: traditional bully-victims, traditional victims, (cyber) bully-victims, (cyber) victims, and noninvolved children, whereas four bullying subgroups were found at Time 3: traditional bully-victims, traditional victims, (cyber) bully-victims, and noninvolved children. Findings suggested that (a) childhood bullying involvement showed varying levels of stability, with noninvolved children displaying the most stability and cyberbullying-involved children displaying the least stability; (b) children reporting more severe depressive symptoms manifested a higher risk of bullying involvement; (c) initially noninvolved children showing depressive symptoms were at a higher risk for becoming traditional victims; and (d) children reporting depressive symptoms found it more difficult to escape from bullying than children without depressive symptoms. The findings offer support for both the cumulative continuity and interactional models of development. The findings also highlight the important the role of depressive symptoms in preventing and ameliorating children’s bullying.
On the Comparability of Basic Personality Models: Meta-Analytic Correspondence, Scope, and Orthogonality of the Big Five and HEXACO Dimensions
Authors: Thielmann Isabel , Moshagen Morten , Hilbig BenjaminE. , Zettler Ingo
Published: June 2021

Models of basic personality structure are among the most widely used frameworks in psychology and beyond, and they have considerably advanced the understanding of individual differences in a plethora of consequential outcomes. Over the past decades, two such models have become most widely used: the Five Factor Model (FFM) or Big Five, respectively, and the HEXACO Model of Personality. However, there is no large-scale empirical evidence on the general comparability of these models. Here, we provide the first comprehensive meta-analysis on (a) the correspondence of the FFM/Big Five and HEXACO dimensions, (b) the scope of trait content the models cover, and (c) the orthogonality (i.e., degree of independence) of dimensions within the models. Results based on 152 (published and unpublished) samples and 6,828 unique effects showed that the HEXACO dimensions incorporate notable conceptual differences compared to the FFM/Big Five dimensions, resulting in a broader coverage of the personality space and less redundancy between dimensions. Moreover, moderator analyses revealed substantial differences between operationalizations of the FFM/Big Five. Taken together, these findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the understanding of basic personality dimensions and their assessment.
‘More Product, Less Process’ (MPLP): An early printed book project
Authors: Attar Karen
Published: June 2021

This article addresses the challenge to make printed hidden collections known quickly without sacrificing ultimate quality. It takes as its starting point the archival mantra ‘More product, less process’ and explores its application to printed books, mindful of projects in the United States to catalogue 19th- and 20th-century printed books quickly and cheaply with the help of OCLC. A problem is lack of time or managerial inclination ever to return to ‘quick and dirty’ imports. This article is a case study concerning a collection of 18th-century English imprints, the Graveley Parish Library, at Senate House Library, University of London. Faced with the need to provide metadata as quickly as possible for digitisation purposes, Senate House Library decided, in contrast to its normal treatment of early printed books, to download records from the English Short Title Catalogue and amend them only very minimally before releasing them for public view, and to do this work from catalogue cards rather than the books themselves. The article describes the Graveley Parish collection, the project method’s rationale, and the advantages and disadvantages of sourcing the English Short Title Catalogue for metadata. It discusses the drawbacks of retrospective conversion (cataloguing from cards, not books): insufficient detail in some cases to identify the relevant book, and ignorance of the copy-specific elements of books which can constitute the main research interest. The method is compared against cataloguing similar books from photocopies of title pages, and retrospective conversion using English Short Title Catalogue is compared against retrospective conversion of early printed Continental books from cards using Library Hub Discover or OCLC. The control groups show our method’s effectiveness. The project succeeded by producing records fast that fulfilled their immediate purpose and simultaneously would obviously require revisiting. The uniform nature of the collection enabled the saving of time through global changes.
HPV Vaccine Initiation and Completion Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Adults, United States, 2014
Authors: Gopalani Sameer Vali , Janitz Amanda E. , Martinez Sydney A. , Campbell Janis E. , Chen Sixia
Published: June 2021

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adults bear a disproportionate burden of certain human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers. In 2015, data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) showed vaccination coverage among adults by racial and ethnic groups; however, coverage data for NHPI adults were unavailable. In this study, we estimated the initiation and completion of HPV vaccination and assessed the factors associated with vaccination among NHPI adults aged 18 to 26 years in the United States. We analyzed public data files from the 2014 NHPI NHIS (n = 1204). We specified sampling design parameters and fitted weighted logistic regression models to calculate the odds of HPV vaccine initiation. We developed a directed acyclic graph to identify a minimally sufficient set for adjustment and adjusted for insurance coverage (for education and ethnicity) and doctor visit (for insurance coverage, earnings, ethnicity, and sex). Overall, 24.9% and 11.5% of NHPI adults had initiated and completed the HPV vaccination series, respectively. Weighted logistic regression models elucidated that the odds of HPV vaccine initiation were higher for females (weighted odds ratio = 5.4; 95% confidence interval = 2.8-10.4) compared with males. Low vaccination coverage found among NHPI adults provides an opportunity for targeted programs to reduce the burden of HPV-associated cancers.
Pronounced Regional Disparities in United States Methadone Distribution
Authors: Furst John A. , Mynarski Nicholas J. , McCall Kenneth L. , Piper Brian J.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Methadone is an evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) and pain management. Methadone for OUD may be difficult for some patients to access, particularly those in rural areas.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to characterize methadone distribution patterns between 2017 and 2019 across the United States.

Methods:

The US Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System was used to acquire the number of opioid treatment programs (OTPs) per state and methadone distribution weight in grams. Methadone distributions by weight, corrected for state population and number of OTPs, were compared from 2017 to 2019 between states, within regions, and nationally.

Results:

The national distribution of methadone increased +12.3% for OTPs but decreased −34.6% for pain. Whereas all states saw a decrease in pain distribution, the Northeast showed a significantly smaller decrease than all other regions. Additionally, the majority of states experienced an increase in distribution for OTPs, and most states demonstrated a relatively stable or increasing number of OTPs, with an +11.5% increase nationally. The number of OTPs per 100K state population ranged from 2.1 in Rhode Island to 0.0 in Wyoming.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Although methadone distribution for OUD was increasing in the United States, the pronounced regional disparities identified warrant further consideration to improve patient access to this evidence-based pharmacotherapy, particularly in the Midwest and West regions. Greater implementation of telehealth and involvement of primary care into opioid treatment practice offer possible solutions to eliminating geographical treatment barriers.
Prediction and Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism Using Artificial Intelligence Approaches: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Qi , Yuan Lili , Ding Xianhui , Zhou Zhiming
Published: June 2021

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a fatal disease and has become a burden on the global health system. Recent studies have suggested that artificial intelligence (AI) could be used to make a diagnosis and predict venous thrombosis more accurately. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to better evaluate the performance of AI in the prediction and diagnosis of venous thrombosis. PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were used to identify relevant studies. Of the 741 studies, 12 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Among them, 5 studies included a training set and test set, and 7 studies included only a training set. In the training set, the pooled sensitivity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.79-0.92), the pooled specificity was 0.95 (95% CI 0.89-0.97), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98). In the test set, the pooled sensitivity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.74-0.93), the pooled specificity was 0.96 (95% CI 0.79-0.99), and the area under the SROC curve was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99). The combined results remained significant in the subgroup analyzes, which included venous thrombosis type, AI type, model type (diagnosis/prediction), and whether the period was perioperative. In conclusion, AI may aid in the diagnosis and prediction of venous thrombosis, demonstrating high sensitivity, specificity and area under the SROC curve values. Thus, AI has important clinical value.
Investigating Rape Culture in News Coverage of the Anita Hill and Christine Blasey Ford Cases
Authors: Blumell Lindsey E. , Mulupi Dinfin
Published: June 2021

This content analysis ( N = 1,527) examined the presence of rape culture acceptance (dismissal of event, victim blaming, discrediting survivor, and threats to survivor) and anti-rape culture (support for survivor, and mention of: systemic problem, rape culture, and male power dominance) in news coverage of Anita Hill and Christine Blasey Ford’s testimony against a U.S. Supreme Court nominee. Results show higher rape acceptance in Blasey Ford news coverage and no difference between the cases and anti-rape culture. Online news media focused on personal impact to Blasey Ford, while traditional news media focused on impact to Thomas Kavanaugh and Clarence Thomas.
From Community to Public Familiarity: Neighborhood, Sociability, and Belonging in the Neoliberal City
Authors: Link Felipe , Señoret Andrés , Valenzuela Felipe
Published: June 2021

Current urban neoliberalism processes have shaped and changed contemporary cities, including the local scale’s built environment and social relations. This article aims to study how such transformations affect local sociability by analyzing the effects of neighborhoods’ morphology and socio-demographic characteristics on different forms of interactions and how they affect the sense of belonging. Taking the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile, as a case study, we gathered secondary data on urban morphology and surveyed ten neighborhoods to measure sociability patterns. The results obtained from multilevel logistic regression models show that time living in the neighborhood and public pedestrian space is the most critical factor affecting neighborhood sociability. Moreover, instead of local ties, public familiarity is the form of sociability with the most substantial effects on a sense of belonging. We conclude that recent neighborhoods, formed by neoliberal urbanization, tend to discourage neighborhood sociability and a sense of belonging.