bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the Question of Efficiency of Different Methods of Dispersion of Nanosecuring Suspensions
Authors: Htet Kyaw Myo , Galinovskij Andrej , Provatorov Alexander Sergeevich
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the actual problem of finding new highly efficient methods for dispersing suspensions prepared using nanomaterials. The criterion of efficiency is taken to ensure the minimum particle size, after the implementation of a particular dispersion technology. The results of experiments on the dispersion of nanoscale suspensions by the method of ultrasonic and ultrajet processing are presented. It is shown that the ultra-jet dispersion method can be applied to deagglomerate microparticles and solve problems of providing the necessary dispersion in suspensions. Based on comparative experimental data, it has been shown that the ultra-jet method has several advantages.
Effect of Poly(Acrylic Acid) Based Polymer Flocculants on Sedimentation of Surface Water
Authors: Sunthornvatin Supa , Pranee Siriporn , Seeyangnok Samitthichai
Published: May 2020

In most scenarios, there tend to have some impurities such as organic and inorganic substances found on the surface water. These impurities can be classified as insoluble and soluble compounds which in turn, can be purified by filtration and sedimentation prior used. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), is one of the most contaminated compounds on surface water, mainly causes severe damage to industrial parts. Therefore, CaCO3 need immediate removal from raw water before applied to an unit operation by coagulation and flocculation. We mainly focused on precipitation of synthetic water and raw water with polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and synthetic polymer flocculants in this research study. The synthetic flocculants of Polyacrylic acid (PAA), Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (PAAAM) by free radical polymerization in aqueous. The PAAAM is synthesized in various mole ratio of acrylic acid and acrylamide of 9:1 to 5:5. The polymer flocculants are characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR techniques. The FTIR spectra of the sample showed absorption frequency above HYPERLINK "tel:3200-3000" \t "_blank" 3200-3000, 1750-1550 and 1650-1500 corresponding to OH and CO stretching and NH bending respectively. The 1H-NMR spectra of PAM showed chemical shift at 1.50, 2.10 and 4.20 ppm regarding to proton of methyl, methylene and amide group respectively and the present of proton resonances at 1.50 and 2.30 ppm regarding to proton of methyl and methylene of PAA. The removal efficiency of suspended CaCO3 is measured and calculated via turbidity technique. The dosage of PAC 0.1 ppm can remove suspended CaCO3 approximately 65.33% after the PAAAM with mole ratio of 8:2 is applied to system lead to the removal efficiency increasing to 99.03%.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Zinc Oxide/Styrene Butadiene Rubber Photocatalyst
Authors: Nordin Razif Muhammed , Latiff Nadia , Yusof Rizana , Wan Ismail Wan Izhan Nawawi , Zakaria Muhammad Salihin , Ishak Zainal Arifin Mohd
Published: May 2020

The zinc oxide/styrene butadiene rubber (ZnO/SBR) photocatalyst was successfully prepared via mechanical mixing at 30 °C. ZnO/SBR square shaped (3 x 3 cm) with 0.54 mm thickness was investigated towards photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under visible light irradiation and compared with bare ZnO and raw SBR. FTIR absorption spectra reveal the characteristic peaks and estimated intensity of conjugated carbon for ZnO/SBR. ZnO/SBR showed excellent photocatalytic performance nearly as good as bare ZnO.
Utilization of Local Waste Materials in High-Performance and Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Soleimani Sayed Mohamad , Alaqqad Abdel Rahman , Afrasiab Tahir , Jumaah Adel , Behbehani Ali , Majeed Abdulaziz , Al-Swwaf Mohamad Hazem , Al-Muhanna Sarah
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of using local waste materials on the properties of fresh and hardened high performance and self-compacting concrete. Crushed ceramic products and steel slag from electric-arc furnaces were used as partial replacements of traditional concrete raw materials in the production of self-compacting and high performance concrete, which were obtained from local factories in Kuwait. Preliminary results have shown that using crushed ceramic products (in the form of powder and 3/8” aggregates) increases the rate of strength gain as the concrete cures, while using electric-arc furnace slag increases the compressive strength of the benchmark concrete mix by up to 40%.
Observation of Coating-Substrate Adhesion of Nanocomposite Hard Coating with Respect to the Deposition Parameters and Surface Finishing of Cemented Carbide Substrate
Authors: Vopát Tomáš , Sahul Martin , Haršáni Marián , Zlámal Tomáš , Vortel Ondrej
Published: May 2020

The paper deals with the issue of coating and surface finishing with edge preparation prior to the coating. Nanocomposite AlCrSiN hard coatings were deposited on WC-Co substrates with a negative substrate bias voltage in range of-80 to-120 V using cathodic arc evaporation system. The effect of variation in the bias voltage on the coating-substrate adhesion and nanohardness was investigated. The maximum nanohardness of coating was 37.7 ± 1.5 GPa with the good coating-substrate adhesion. Static Mercedes indentation test was performed on a Rockwell-type hardness tester. The indents were studied by scanning electron microscope to evaluate the coating-substrate adhesion. The H to E ratio that represents resistance to the plastic deformation was determined. The influence of surface roughness and time of used surface finishing methods on the coating-substrate adhesion was also investigated.
Patterned ZnO Nanowires between Interdigitated Electrodes by Integrating Hydrothermal Approach with Photolithography Process
Authors: Chang Yaw Jen
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a simple approach to selectively synthesize the ZnO nanowires between interdigitated electrodes by integrating the hydrothermal method with the photolithography process. The printed circuit board (PCB) was adopted as the substrate. Interdigitated electrodes were fabricated by etching the copper foil of PCB. Then, both the positive and negative photoresists were used to control the growth of nanowires through lift-off concept. No costly materials and expensive apparatuses are required. Biotin–streptavidin reaction was used as an example to examine this proposed device. When histidine-tagged biotin was added and the reaction of biotin–streptavidin was completed, the distinguishable I-V curves were detected, respectively. The experimental results reveal that this proposed device is sensitive.
Study on the Friction Characteristics of Plasma Spray Modified Layer on Titanium Alloy in Artificial Sea Water Environment
Authors: Lao Xing Sheng , Zhao Xu Feng , Liu Yong , Dai Chun Hui , Zhao Zhen Xing
Published: May 2020

In order to study the friction characteristics of the plasma spray modified layer on the surface of titanium alloy, the friction sub-combination consisting of three type enhanced Teflon as the pin sample was carried out in the artificial seawater environment. The results show that the friction coefficient and wear degree of the plasma spray surface treatment specimen are also lower than the TC4 titanium alloy substrate, the surface modification sample and the three enhanced Teflon side friction, the side wear is serious, the surface plasma spray modified titanium alloy needs to reduce its surface roughness before it can be used as a friction sub-type material.
Preparation of Crude Turmeric Extract Loaded Poly(Acrylamide-co-Acrylic Acid) Microspheres for Drug Release System
Authors: Puanglamjeak Mananya , Pranee Siriporn , Seeyangnok Samitthichai
Published: May 2020

Crude turmeric extract (CTE), which is a natural substance, is obtained from Curcuma Longa L. This substance is widely used in pharmaceutical application because of its ability to treat various diseases. Dermatitis is one of the many diseases that can be treated by CTE due to their inhibition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. CTE has short half-life and easy to degradation. Therefore, protection has to be applied on CTE to prevent from decomposition before applying to skin. This research mainly focuses on preparation of CTE loaded poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PAMAA) hydrogel microspheres (HM) at 9:1, 8:2 and 7:3 mole ratios and investigation of the releasing profile of CTE from microsphere. The particle size distribution of PAMAA microsphere that is analyzed by SEM found that mole ratios of PAMAA with 9:1, 8:2 and 7:3 showed the narrow particle distribution with average particle size at 28.1±7.4, 25.5±6.6 and 23.2±5.5 respectively. Thermal decomposition property of PAMAA is confirmed by TGA and HM swelling ratios are confirmed by weight indicated that the percentage swelling ratios of PAMAA with 9:1, 8:2 and 7:3 mole ratios is 1500, 1230 and 780 respectively. CTE releasing profiles are confirmed by UV-Vis in the media solutions of PBS pH 8.5 and NaOH pH 12.
Differential Fuel Requirements of Human NK Cells and Human CD8 T Cells: Glutamine Regulates Glucose Uptake in Strongly Activated CD8 T Cells
Authors: Presnell Steven R , Spear Henry K , Durham Jerika , Riddle Tyce , Applegate Austin , Lutz Charles T
Published: May 2020

CD8 T cells and NK cells are the two major cytotoxic lymphocytes that carry out cell-mediated immunity and regulate other immune responses. However, we do not completely understand human CD8 T cell and NK cell metabolic requirements and they have not been compared in the same experiments. We activated human CD8 T cells by two anti–CD3/CD28 mAb methods, and we stimulated both CD8 T cells and NK cells with IL-12/IL-18. When glucose (Glc) could not be used, human CD8 T cells either died or became hypofunctional, depending upon the anti–CD3/CD28 activation method. In contrast, Glc starvation did not decrease the percentage of IL-12/IL-18–stimulated human NK cells that made IFN-γ. NK cells were relatively fuel resilient and used Glc, glutamine (Gln), fatty acid, or acetate to power IFN-γ expression. Surprisingly, strongly activated human CD8 T cells required Gln for glycolysis and Glc uptake. We showed that human CD8 T cells regulate Glc uptake by a novel mechanism related to the TXNIP pleiotropic protein. These conditions may be relevant to septic patients who have high blood Glc but low Gln. Under the conditions tested, Gln did not change human NK cell TXNIP expression. Our experiments reveal fundamental differences in human CD8 T cell and NK cell metabolism and the fuels needed for IFN-γ production.
MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF MYBPC3 GENE IN DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY PATIENTS IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION
Authors: Bhola Rubi , Shankar Om , Gupta Rashmi , Kumari Preeti , Singh Royana
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Today, molecular cardiology is characterized by the integration of high-technology laboratory studies and clinical medicine. Molecular genetics has redefined the etiology and diagnostic criteria for numerous diseases and has led to the development of new, individualized treatment regimens for several cardiovascular
diseases. Amongst all, dilated cardiomyopathy is the commonest cause of heart failure. This study was conducted to identify the possible genetic change in dilated cardiomyopathy in North Indian population.
Material & Methods: Blood samples of dilated cardiomyopathy patients were collected from Cardiology OPD, Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University. DNA was isolated using salting out method. PCR was done to amplify exons 32, 33 and 34 of MYBPC3 gene. The PCR product was sequenced to detect the mutational changes in Exons 32-34 of MYBPC 3 gene.
Results: There were 65 control samples and 65 DCM samples were collected. Total 76 intronic variations were reported. In three (BHU/15/425, BHU/15/450, BHU/16/89) patients, disease causing pathogenic variant c3624_3625insC (rs397516029, HMGD CD0910628) was reported in MYBPC3 gene. Insertion of G at 47354119_47354120 position was reported that lead to a frameshift mutation in three subjects. Several Missence variants were also reported 47354121G>C, 47353899C>T, 47353715C>A, 47353647A>C, 47353626G>T that are present in coding region and may lead to alteration in protein structure and function.
Conclusion: Evidence from previous study reported that MYBPC3 play important role in cardiac contraction and responsible for pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Therefore, the identification of frequent genetic transmission of dilated cardiomyopathy provides an important tool for the study of pathogenesis of this disease,
which is a frequent cause of admission to the hospital and of heart failure
KNEE CAP: A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY IN DRY HUMAN PATELLA
Authors: Agarwal Preeti , Singh Archana , Gupta Rakesh
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Patella is the largest sesamoid bone. Knowledge of dimensions and of classification of patellae is very important anthropologically as well as clinically for total knee arthroplasty and harvesting techniques of patellar ligament grafts. Since there are very few studies on patella, present study aimed to do morphometry of patella.
Material & Methods: Morphometric measurements were done on 60 dry patellae of both sexes, using digital sliding Vernier caliper. All statistical analysis was done with help of standard SPSS software. Student t-test was used to ascertain whether significant difference exist between right and left patella. Patella was also classified into
one of three categories according to Koyuncu’s classification-Type A (WMAF=WLAF), Type B (WMAF WLAF).
Results: Out of 60 patellae, 34 patellae were of right side and 26 were of left side. Mean patellar height was 39.53+ 5.58; mean width of patella 41.27+3.67 and mean patellar thickness was 19.84+1.76. Width of medial articular facet was 17.50+1.88 and width of lateral articular facet was 20.82+2.72. There was no significant
difference in measurements of right and left patella except width for lateral articular facet where p value was <0.01. In present study, according to Koyuncu’s classification 86.66% patella were of class B type, 13.34% patella were of class C type while class A type patella was not found. The secondary ridge was found to be conspicuous
in 23.3% patellae.
Conclusion: Present study on morphometry of the patella is obviously very important and concluded parameters can be variably used in anthropology and anthropometrics, comparative anatomy and evolutionary biology, patellofemoral unit prosthesis synthesis, patellar implants, arthroplasty and forensic sciences.
CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOL A PRODUCES MORPHOLOGICAL DERANGEMENTS IN LIVER, KIDNEY AND HEART IN RATS
Authors: K. Pant Mahendra , Pant Jayanti , B. Deshpande Shripad
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic compound is used in the manufacturing of plastics and also as coating for the inner linings of food packaging containers. It is reported to be an endocrine disruptor and produce toxicity in various organs. Since BPA exposure mainly occurs in the form of oral ingestion in humans, the present
study was performed to examine the effects produced by the chronic exposure to BPA orally on kidney, liver and heart in rats.
Material & Methods: Adult female rats of Charles Foster strain were used for the study. The rats were divided into two groups (n=6 in each group). In group 1, the rats were provided with food and water ad libitum whereas the rats of group 2 were fed with BPA containing pellets (2 µg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days. Thereafter the
heart, kidneys and liver were excised and processed for histopathological study.
Results: The histopathological examination of the organs in BPA fed rats showed major structural changes which manifested as loss of normal cytoarchitecture in all the three organs. Further there was significant reduction in the number of glomeruli in kidneys, degenerative changes in liver in the form of damage to portal triad and in heart
the intercalated discs were damaged.
Conclusion: Chronic exposure to BPA by oral route produces renal toxicity as loss of glomeruli; hepatotoxicity as
cytoarchitecture loss and cardiotoxicity as damage of intercalated disc changes.
LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT PAIN: A SONO ANATOMICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Tewari Vandana , Jahan Shirin , Ranjan Rahul
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Ultrasonography has been found to be highly precise in evaluation of various abdominal masses. It is highly sensitive, non-invasive in nature and has no radiation risk.
Material & Methods: A prospective study aiming at sonographic evaluation of 133 patients with right lower quadrant pain/mass which includes patients of all age groups and both sexes was planned. In this study, the efficiency of ultrasonography over clinical assessment in determination of the organ of origin was evaluated in a systematic manner according to anatomy of the region.
Results: The maximum number of cases belonged to gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies (54%) followed by genitourinary (GU) pathologies (31.6%) while 14% non-gastrointestinal and non-genitourinary origin.
A STUDY ON CEPHALIC INDEX OF ADULT NORTH INDIAN POPULATION
Authors: Singh Prem , Kulshreshtha Vasundhara , Singh Pradeep , Prakash Ved
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Cephalic index is the percentage of head breadth to head length. The index is calculated from measurement of the diameters of head (head length and head breadth). When applied to living individuals it is known as cephalic index, and when referring to dry skulls, the cranial index. This index is used as a useful anthropological tool for analysis of racial and sexual differences in a population. The present study was done to find out Cephalic Index and to study sexual dimorphism in adult North Indian population. Objective of the study was to calculate the cephalic index and to find out that the present study group belongs to which category in the classification of skull based on cephalic index and to study the sexual dimorphism in respect to cephalic index.
Material & Methods: The present study comprised of 200 medical students of age group between 18 yrs. to 25 yrs. of S.N. Medical College, Agra, not having any significant disease or deformity that could have affected the general or the bony growth.
Two anthropometric parameters; head length and head breadth were recorded in centimeters by using spreading caliper. With these recorded data, cephalic index was calculated for males and females separately as well as combined.
Results: Mean Cephalic Index was significantly higher (p=0.03124) in females (79.350 ± 5.7157) as compared to males (77.715 ± 4.9102).
Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of the cephalic indices of male and female students (p=0.03124). The mean cephalic index of combined population in this study was 78.533 ± 5.3776 which states that the dominant head shape among North Indians is Mesaticephalic.
THORACIC VERTEBRAL BODY MORPHOMETRY WITH ITS
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Jha Shweta , Sethi Ruchira
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Vertebral body morphometry is required for designing of customised bone grafts and implants for various spinal procedures. The literature review revealed number of studies focussing on the morphometry of pedicles and spinous processes of vertebrae. However there is paucity of literature for the complete dimensions of thoracic vertebral bodies. The aim of the present study was thus, to collect baseline morphometric data of thoracic vertebra in Eastern belt of Uttar Pradesh.
Material & Methods: One hundred and fifty typical thoracic vertebrae of undetermined age and gender were selected for the study. Parameters namely anteroposterior diameter, width, anterior height, posterior height, superior transverse diameter and inferior transverse diameter of vertebral body were measured using a digital
Vernier calliper. Data was analysed statistically using SPSS 19 software
Results: The mean values for anterior height, posterior height, superior transverse diameter, inferior transverse diameter, width and anteroposterior diameter were 17.06±1.52 mm, 18.13±1.64 mm, 25.32±2.32 mm, 26.97±2.40 mm, 23.52±2.77 mm and 19.95±3.81 mm respectively..
Conclusion: Study highlights the importance of collecting morphometric data for a specific population due to diversity in geographical factors affecting morphometry.
SONOMAMMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF BREAST MASSES
Authors: Tewari Vandana , Sharma Sheela , Ranjan Rahul
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Sonomammography is an ideal, noninvasive, painless and accurate procedure used to detect and evaluate breast masses. In this study, detection evaluation and characterization of breast masses was done with ultrasound for a period of seven months from March 2017 to September 2017.
Material & Methods: 106 patients from Department of Surgery and Obstetrics & Gynaecology were screened by clinical and ultrasound examination. Histological confirmation was done by fine needle as piration cytology and
excision biopsy.
Results: On examination, the distribution of lesions were fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease, mastitis, breast cyst, abscess, galactocele, fat necrosis, lipoma, papilloma, invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma.
Conclusion: Sonomammography is a powerful tool to evaluate breast masses as it is less affected by tissue density. It improves the visualization of tumours in radio dense breasts and as well as improves the specificity of mammography when used in conjunction.
TO STUDY THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PLACENTAL
THICKNESS AND AMNIOTIC FLUID INDEX IN THIRD TRIMESTER
OF UNCOMPLICATED PREGNANCY IN INDIAN FEMALES
Authors: Nagwani Mumal , Sharma P.K. , Rani Anita , Singh Urmila , Mehrotra Seema
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Placenta is the most important temporary organ during pregnancy. Healthy placenta is utmost needed for a healthy baby. Ultrasonography is the preferred modality for antenatal evaluation of placenta. Amniotic fluid plays a major role in fetal growth and development and for adequate amniotic fluid volume, a normally developed placenta is required. Thus, Placental parameters may indirectly affect the amniotic fluid volume which plays a crucial role for fetal development.
Material & Methods: One hundred (100) antenatal cases were recruited for the present study. Those women who were with uncomplicated, singleton pregnancy of more than 26 weeks and gave their written informed consent, were taken as subjects. Thickness of the placenta was measured at the level of cord insertion. Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) was obtained by adding the vertical lengths of deepest fluid pockets in four uterine quadrants.
Results: The mean placental thickness in third trimester was found as 3.90±1.1cm and mean AFI as 125.20±38.5.
Conclusion: A linear but inverse correlation was observed between placental thickness and amniotic fluid index.
ACCESSORY THYROID GLAND WITH DUAL BLOOD SUPPLY:
A RARE VARIATION
Authors: Singh Sanjula , Rani Archana , Chopra Jyoti , Kumar Navneet , Singh Manjula
Published: May 2020

A rare congenital anomaly of thyroid gland due to developmental defect is accessory or ectopic thyroid gland. Ectopic thyroid refers to the presence of thyroid tissue in locations other than the normal in anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages. Abnormal organogenesis of the thyroid gland leads to morphological variations, such as thyroid dysgenesis, hypoplasia, hemiagenesis and agenesis. The ectopic or accessory thyroid being the most common form of thyroid dysgenesis. Here, we are presenting a case with the accessory thyroid tissue with dual blood supply observed during a routine dissection of a female cadaveric body.
The accessory thyroid tissue was in the form of an oval structure about 1.5cm x 3 cm was situated in the midline 2cm above the normally located thyroid gland which was supplied by a branch of lingual artery as well as superior thyroid artery. The accessory thyroid tissue could be asymptomatic or it could present with any disorder affecting
the main thyroid gland including malignancy. The significance of this case is to show an anatomical variation in the form of developmental defect during the organogenesis of thyroid along with its clinical implications. Thus, this report highlights the importance of knowing and understanding the normal anatomy of thyroid as well as the anatomical variant that could be immensely beneficial while diagnosing thyroid disorders or carrying out surgical procedures involving thyroid.
RELATION OF MEDIAN NERVE WITH BRACHIAL ARTERY: A
CADAVERIC STUDY
Authors: Sthapak Eti , Pasricha Navbir , Bhatnagar Rajan
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Variation in neurovascular structure are commonly encountered in routine dissection. Brachial artery is the main artery of upper limb. In the arm, the median nerve passes at first lateral to brachial artery (near the insertion of coracobrachialis muscle), then crosses in front of the artery, descending medial to it in the cubital
fossa. The knowledge of these variation could be helpful to vascular, plastic, general surgeons and orthopedicians. It is also important to prevent iatrogenic injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate anatomical variations in course and relation of median nerve to brachial artery in the arm.
Material & Methods: The study was conducted in 50 cadavers (100 upper limbs) in duration of two years. Proper cadaveric dissection was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dr. RML Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, and Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow.
Observation & Results: In the present series, median nerve was found to cross behind the brachial artery at about the middle of the arm in 8% cadavers. Median nerve entered the arm at first lateral to brachial artery, near the insertion of coracobrachialis. In 46 cadavers (96 upper limbs), it crossed in front of the artery from lateral to medial side.
In four cadavers (5 upper limbs), it passed posterior to the brachial artery in the arm.
Conclusion: Knowledge of the brachial artery and their variations are of clinical and surgical importance. An awareness of such a presence is valuable for the surgeons and radiologists in evaluation of angiographic images, vascular and re-constructive surgery or appropriate treatment for compressive neuropathies.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF HUMAN
FETAL THYMUS GLAND IN KUMAON REGION
Authors: Singh Prerna , Singh AK , Deopa Deepa , Niranjan Richa , Jaiswal Anamika , Sharma Vandana
Published: May 2020

Introduction: A cross sectional study was conducted to observe morphological and developmental changes occurring in thymus gland at various gestational age among human fetuses. The morphometric measurements of thymus is useful in calculating size as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and cellular immune deficiency of
infant is associated with a significant decrease in fetal thymic size.
Materials & Methods: This study was carried on medically aborted and stillborn fetuses (n=31; F=21, M=10), which were obtained from Dr. Sushila Tiwari Memorial Hospital, Haldwani, (Uttarakhand,) with due consent of parents. Fetuses were preserved in 10% formalin. Thymic gland was dissected out to observe its weight, length
and thickness.
Results: Thymus glands were located in superior mediastinum. On gross examination, they were of greyish pink to greyish brown in colour. Most of the glands were bilobed and few were irregular in shape. There was progressive increase in all morphometric dimensions of thymus in relation to gestational age. Growth of right lobe
of thymus was comparatively more than of left lobe.
Conclusion: Thymic morphometric parameters in relation to gestational age can be used as reference values in imaging studies in the prenatal and in initial perinatal stages, so we could compare the normal morphology with that of in IUGR and immune deficiency.
CONCISE TEXTBOOK OF HISTOLOGY FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Jaiswal Sonia , Sharma P.K.
Published: May 2020

The book is written from the perspective of an undergraduate student. The language of the book has been kept simple and is thus easy to understand. The hand drawn diagrams are easy to replicate hence undergraduate students can easily correlate with the images from various slides. There are points of identification and questions given at the end of each chapter which help in a better understanding of the text.
FETAL HEAD ANTHROPOMETRY: A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY FROM KUMAUN REGION
Authors: Jaiswal Anamika , Kaushik Ankit , Singh AK
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Biparietal diameter (BPD) and head circumference (HC) are important for estimating gestational age (GA), monitoring fetal growth and to rule out congenital abnormalities. Western references using HC and BPD can lead to erroneous GA estimation, therefore regional reference is required.
Aim: To measure HC and BPD in fetus at different GA, their relationship with GA and comparison of HC and BPD with expected HC and BPD by “Hadlock’s formula”.
Material & Methods: CRL, HC and BPD were measured in 72 fetuses. Mean and standard deviation of HC and BPD were calculated for all fetuses and across three trimesters. The correlation of HC and BPD with GA was calculated and p value was derived. Hadlock’s HC and BPD were calculated for the gestational age. The observed HC and BPD in the study were compared with the Hadlock’s value to find out any difference between them
Results: The mean HC of fetuses was 23.7 ± 8.58 cm. The mean HC in first trimester was 6.3 cm, 15.13 cm in second trimester and 30.8 cm in third trimester. The mean HC of fetuses according to Hadlock’s formula was 23.72 ± 8.80 cm. The mean Hadlock’s HC in first trimester was 5.6 cm, 14.92 cm in second trimester and 31.12 cm in third trimester. The mean BPD in the studied fetuses was 5.92 ± 2.24 cm. The mean BPD in first trimester was 1.7 cm, 4.8 cm in second trimester and 7.8 cm in third trimester. The mean Hadlock’s BPD was 6.33 ± 2.41 cm. The mean Hadlock’s BPD in first trimester was 1.6 cm, 4.4 cm in second trimester and 8.3 cm in third trimester.
The mean HC of fetuses were nearly equal to mean Hadlock’s formula, while BPD of the study fetuses was less than mean Hadlock’s BPD. Both HC and BPD measured at different GA showed increase, with increase in GA and strong positive correlation and statistically significant association.
Conclusion: This study had shown that while HC is nearly equal to Hadlock’s reference, BPD was less than Hadlock’s for GA, reflecting need of local reference data for accurate fetal age estimation.
Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Perusahaan, Saldo Laba, Dan Aliran Kas Operasi Terhadap Peringkat Obligasi Pada Perusahaan Real Estate Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Putra Trima
Published: May 2020

Tujuan Penelitian untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Perusahaan, Saldo Laba, Dan Aliran Kas Operasi Terhadap Peringkat ObigasipadaPerusahaan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2009-2013. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan Real Estate yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia. Sampel diambil dari perusahaan yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia untuk periode 2009-2013. Perusahaan yang memenuhi Kreteria dan dijadikan sampel sebanyak 8 Perusahaan. Analisis penelitian yangdigunakan adalah menggunakan persamaan Regresi Logistik dengan Bantuan Software SPSS (statistical Produt and Service Solution). Berdasarkan Hasil Penelitian dengan Uji Regresi Logistik secara Parsial terdapat Pengaruh yang signifikan antara Aliran Kas Operasi Terhadap Peringkat Obligasi pada perusahaan Real Estate. Berdasarkan Hasil pengolahan data diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,508. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa pertumbuhan perusahaan, Saldo Laba, dan Aliran Kas Operasi secara Simultan memberikan Pengaruh sebesar 50,8% terhadap Pertubuhan Perusahaan.
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Dana Corporate Social Responsibility Bidang Lingkungan Terhadap Penyaluran Dana Dan Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup Di Kabupaten Bengkalis
Authors: Junery Muhammad Fadhil , Setiawan Dedi
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted to determine the effect of the use of Corporate Social Responsibility funds in the environmental sector on the distribution of funds and environmental protection in Bengkalis Regency. In this study, researchers used Corporate Social Responsibility fund report data recorded in the Department of Environment of Bengkalis Regency in the period of 2016 to 2018. The test results show that Corporate Social Responsibility funds in the environmental field have a significant positive effect on efforts to protect and manage the environment in Bengkalis Regency with an R Square value of 0.804. This shows that the percentage of the influence of the use of CSR funds in the environmental sector has a significant positive effect on environmental protection and management efforts in Bengkalis Regency by 80.4%, while the remaining 19.6% is influenced by other variables outside this research.
Analisis Pembiayaan Multijasa Dengan Akad Ijarah
Authors: Dariana Dariana , Ismanto Wawan
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the practice of multi-service financing with the Ijarah contract at the Sharia People's Financing Bank Berkah Dana Fadhlillah Air Tiris Kampar Regency. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews and literature study. One of the financing products offered by the Sharia People's Financing Bank Berkah Dana Fadhlillah is multi-service financing with an Ijarah contract that aims to obtain service fees (ujrah) in the financing. The multi-service Ijarah Financing at the Sharia People's Financing Bank Berkah Dana Fadhlillah is in accordance with sharia and refers to the fatwa stipulated by the Indonesian Ulema Council No. 09 of 2000 concerning Ijarah and fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council No. 44 of 2004 concerning multi-service financing. The multi-service Ijarah financing mechanism at the Sharia People's Financing Bank Berkah Dana Fadhlillah is not complicated but the Sharia People's Financing Bank continues to apply caution in providing financing. That this is one of the factors of people's interest in Ijarah products which are decreasing and not developing every year.
Analisa Produk Tabungan BSM Dalam Menarik Minat Nasabah
Authors: Ishak Khodijah , Ningsih Ida Afrida
Published: May 2020

Bank Syariah Mandiri Sub-Branch Office Dumai Sukajadi is one of the banks operating based on sharia principles offering fundraising products and one of them is tabungan BSM . The tabungan BSM are based on sharia principles with the mudharabah muthlaqah agreement. This research uses primary data and secondary data. The results showed that the marketing strategy of tabungan BSM products to attract customers of Bank Syariah Mandiri Dumai Sukajadi Sub-Branch Office has been going well, from conducting promotions, socializing, distributing brochures and participating in certain events. In addition, the presence of Bank Syariah Mandiri Dumai Sukajadi Sub-Branch Office is very helpful for customers to open various kinds of savings provided by the Bank Syariah Mandiri Dumai Sukajadi Sub-Branch Office.
Seroprevalence of Major Transfusion-Transmissible Infections among Foreign
Departing Employees from Itahari, Nepal.
Authors: Shakya Jenish , Kumar Shrestha Bijay , Khanal Hemanta
Published: May 2020

Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) include human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis that
are transmitted from person to person through parenteral, administration of blood
or blood products leading to serious health problems. The present study was lab
based cross-sectional study conducted from February 2018 to August 2019 to
investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B, HIV, hepatitis C, and syphilis among
the foreign departing employees from Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal. The samples were
screened for the presence of anti-HIV IgG, HBsAg, anti-syphilis and anti-HCV
IgG using commercial rapid test kits following standard protocols. A total of
4260 samples processed, the overall seroprevalence of TTIs was found to be
1.22% (52/4260). Seroprevalence of HIV was found to be 0.05% (2/4260), HBV
was found to be 0.53% (23/4260), HCV was found to be 0.18% (8/4260) and
syphilis was found to be 0.45% (19/4260). Among the transfusion transmissible
infections in individuals going for foreign employment, the most prevalent was
found to be hepatitis B (0.53%). In overall, the TTIs infection was most prevalent
in the age group of 24-29 (0.35%) and 30-35 (0.35%) years. Further investigation
including studying the prevalence of TTIs in general population is required to
address the issue and to formulate proper preventive, diagnosis and treatment
procedures of these infections.
A Bio-Inspired Reward-Based Message Forwarding For Vehicular Social Network
Authors: Mandefro Messele Aklilu
Published: May 2020

The Ants capability of working together and their way of message transmission
makes us inspired especially their cooperation for their common goal and
dropping down pheromones which used as a trail for themselves and for others.
We would use Ants broadcasting method for drivers‟ cooperation and message
forwarding. Therefore if there were any driver who couldn‟t broadcast any
emergency message related to car accident like Ants done to locate the food
source, could be considered as a selfish node and couldn‟t be rewarded as
cooperatives do. The previous vehicle to vehicle communication or message
forwarding schemes that was tried to motivate cooperative drivers used incentive
methods in which it is not motivating all participant nodes and some of them
used punishment methods. These types of methods are not effective to stimulate
selfish drivers. We conducted the research using embedded traffic simulation in
which it includes mobility and network simulation capabilities merged together
and served as multi-functional software. From the tools falling into the embedded
category is National Chiao Tung University network simulator (NCTUns) which
provides a full range of network stack simulation tools. Watchdog was our
selfishness detection method, in which the RSU controls whether nodes are
cooperative or not because the (Road Side Unit) RSU knows where the nodes
were located and in which path they are drive and what messages they
broadcasted. The rewarding model we used is paying per packet. The payment
principle is for each successfully transmitted unit-sized packet, each of N
intermediate nodes should receive λ credits, whereas the service provider (SP)
would pay λ ∗ N in total. The proposed solution was evaluated by the three
performance metrics which are dropped packets, selfishness detection method
and delivery ratio. Based on our experiments result the number of accident
increased as the number of total nodes increased in the same simulation area. As
the number of nodes participated on the area increases the probability of having
an accident increases and the probability of stimulating selfish nodes increased
using the same incentive method and amount because there is a probability of
accident commit increases and the rewarding and acknowledgement messages
also increases in which it can stimulate the selfish nodes.
Efecto del cadmio sobre la germinación y crecimiento de Laguncularia racemosa var. Glabriflora (C. Presl) Stace.
Authors: Benavides Sisalima Ámbar Claribel
Published: May 2020

Laguncularia racemosa var. glabriflora es un mangle de distribución restringida en la costa del Pacífico; sus poblaciones se encuentran desde el Golfo de Guayaquil hasta Tumbes. Sobre esta variedad, considerada vulnerable debido a la pérdida de su hábitat, no existen estudios de tolerancia a metales pesados. En Guayaquil se aprecia la presencia de cadmio en zonas de manglar, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación es demostrar el efecto del mismo en la germinación y crecimiento de esta variedad. Para ello se expusieron semillas a diferentes concentraciones del metal (0-0.5-1-2-4-8 mg/L Cd) durante 15 días, lo que permitió determinar la tasa de germinación (TG), porcentaje de germinación final (PG), porcentaje de mortalidad, tiempo y velocidad media de germinación (TMG - VMG), longitud de radícula e hipocótilo y el índice integral de fitotoxicidad (IIF). El cadmio no afectó el PG, TMG, VMG, ni el porcentaje de mortalidad. La longitud de hipocótilo presentó un incremento en comparación al control en 1 mg/L Cd; mientras la longitud de la radícula disminuyó en 42, 34, 29 y 49 % en las concentraciones de 1-2-4-8 mg/L Cd, respectivamente. En el IIF se evidenció mayor toxicidad a concentraciones de 0.5 y 8 mg/L Cd con 27.05% y 31.98%. Sobre la base a los resultados obtenidos se propone replicar el presente estudio en diferentes especies de mangle y establecer un límite máximo permisible del metal en sedimento de zonas estuarinas del Ecuador.
Characteristics of methanesulfonic acid, non-sea-salt sulfate and organic carbon aerosols over the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Jung Jinyoung , Hong Sang-Bum , Chen Meilian , Hur Jin , Jiao Liping , Lee Youngju , Park Keyhong , Hahm Doshik , Choi Jung-Ok , Yang Eun Jin , Park Jisoo , Kim Tae-Wan , Lee SangHoon
Published: May 2020

Abstract. To investigate the characteristics of particulate
methanesulfonic acid (MSA(p)), non-sea-salt sulfate
(nss SO42-) and organic carbon (OC) aerosols, aerosol and seawater
samples were collected over the Southern Ocean (43–70∘ S) and the Amundsen Sea (70–75∘ S) during the ANA06B cruise conducted in the austral summer of 2016 aboard
the Korean icebreaker IBR/V Araon. Over the Southern Ocean, the atmospheric
MSA(p) concentration was low (0.10±0.002 µg m−3),
whereas its concentration increased sharply up to 0.57 µg m−3 in
the Amundsen Sea where Phaeocystis antarctica (P. antarctica), a producer of dimethylsulfide (DMS), was the
dominant phytoplankton species. Unlike MSA(p), the mean nss SO42-
concentration in the Amundsen Sea was comparable to that in the Southern
Ocean. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations over the Southern
Ocean and the Amundsen Sea varied from 0.048 to 0.16 and
0.070 to 0.18 µgC m−3, with averages of 0.087±0.038 and 0.097±0.038 µgC m−3,
respectively. For water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), its mean
concentrations over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea were 0.25±0.13 and 0.26±0.10 µgC m−3,
varying from 0.083 to 0.49 and 0.12 to 0.38 µgC m−3, respectively. WIOC was the dominant organic carbon species in both
the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea, accounting for 73 %–75 % of the total
aerosol organic carbon. WSOC/Na+ and WIOC/Na+ ratios in the fine-mode aerosol particles were higher, especially in the Amundsen Sea where
biological productivity was much higher than the Southern Ocean. The
fluorescence properties of water-soluble organic aerosols investigated using
a fluorescence excitation–emission matrix coupled with parallel factor
analysis (EEM–PARAFAC) revealed that protein-like components were dominant
in our marine aerosol samples, representing 69 %–91 % of the total
intensity. Protein-like components also showed a significant positive
relationship with the relative biomass of diatoms; however, they were
negatively correlated with the relative biomass of P. antarctica. These results suggest
that the protein-like component is most likely produced as a result of
biological processes of diatoms in the Amundsen Sea.
Atmospheric new particle formation characteristics in the Arctic as measured at Mount Zeppelin, Svalbard, from 2016 to 2018
Authors: Lee Haebum , Lee KwangYul , Lunder Chris Rene , Krejci Radovan , Aas Wenche , Park Jiyeon , Park Ki-Tae , Lee Bang Yong , Yoon Young-Jun , Park Kihong
Published: May 2020

Abstract. We conducted continuous measurement of nanoparticles down to 3 nm size in the Arctic at Mount Zeppelin, Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, from 2016 to 2018, providing a size distribution of nanoparticles (3–60 nm) with a higher resolution than ever before. A significant number of nanoparticles as small as 3 nm were often observed during new particle formation (NPF), particularly in summer, suggesting that these were likely produced near the site rather than being transported from other regions after growth. The average NPF frequency per year was 24 % having the highest percentage in August (63 %). The average particle formation rate (J) for 3–7 nm particles was 0.1 cm−3 s−1 and the average growth rate (GR) was 2.62 nm h−1. Although NPF frequency in the Arctic was comparable to that in continental areas, the J and GR were much lower. The number of nanoparticles increased more frequently when air mass originated over the south and southwest ocean regions; this pattern overlapped with regions having strong chlorophyll-α concentration and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) production capacity (southwest ocean), and was also correlated with increased daily NH3 concentration, suggesting that marine biogenic and animal sources were responsible for gaseous precursors to NPF. Our results show that previously developed NPF occurrence criteria (low loss rate and high cluster growth rate favor NPF) are also applicable to NPF in the Arctic.
Intercomparison study of atmospheric 222Rn and 222Rn progeny monitors
Authors: Grossi Claudia , Chambers Scott D. , Llido Olivier , Vogel Felix R. , Kazan Victor , Capuana Alessandro , Werczynski Sylvester , Curcoll Roger , Delmotte Marc , Vargas Arturo , Morguí Josep-Anton , Levin Ingeborg , Ramonet Michel
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The use of the noble gas radon (222Rn) as a tracer for different research studies, for example observation-based estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, has led to the need of high-quality 222Rn activity concentration observations with high spatial and temporal resolution. So far a robust metrology chain for these measurements is not yet available. A portable direct atmospheric radon monitor (ARMON), based on electrostatic
collection of 218Po, is now running at Spanish stations. This monitor has not yet been compared with other 222Rn and 222Rn
progeny monitors commonly used at atmospheric stations. A 3-month intercomparison campaign of atmospheric 222Rn and 222Rn
progeny monitors based on different measurement techniques was realized
during the fall and winter of 2016–2017 to evaluate (i) calibration and
correction factors between monitors necessary to harmonize the atmospheric
radon observations and (ii) the dependence of each monitor's response in
relation to the sampling height and meteorological and atmospheric aerosol
conditions. Results of this study have shown the following. (i) All monitors were able to
reproduce the atmospheric radon variability on a daily basis. (ii) Linear
regression fits between the monitors exhibited slopes, representing the
correction factors, between 0.62 and 1.17 and offsets ranging between −0.85 and −0.23 Bq m−3 when sampling 2 m above ground level
(a.g.l.). Corresponding results at 100 m a.g.l. exhibited slopes of 0.94 and 1.03 with offsets of −0.13 and 0.01 Bq m−3, respectively.
(iii) No influence of atmospheric temperature and relative humidity on monitor responses was observed for unsaturated conditions at 100 m a.g.l.,
whereas slight influences (order of 10−2) of ambient temperature were
observed at 2 m a.g.l. (iv) Changes in the ratio between 222Rn progeny and 222Rn monitor responses were observed under very low atmospheric aerosol concentrations. Results also show that the new ARMON could be useful at atmospheric radon
monitoring stations with space restrictions or as a mobile reference
instrument to calibrate in situ 222Rn progeny monitors and fixed radon monitors. In the near future a long-term comparison study between ARMON, HRM, and ANSTO monitors would be useful to better evaluate (i) the uncertainties of radon measurements in the range of a few hundred millibecquerels per cubic meter to a few becquerels per cubic meter and (ii) the response time correction of the ANSTO monitor for
representing fast changes in the ambient radon concentrations.