bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Provisions of Sustainability in Structural Design Approaches in Different Codes
Authors: Zaman Athar , Khalid Faiza , Ali Majid
Published: August 2021

Concrete has changed the norms in the Construction industry, it has modified the thinking and possibilities of the general public. Particularly, Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is being used throughout the world; whether it be tall sky scrapers in the Middle East, or the vast buildings in Central Europe, RCC has altered the construction Industry. But then again, RCC has its fair share of shortcomings, in recent times it has been recorded that RCC structures collapse due to brittle failure. Seismic loading, mainly from earthquakes are mostly responsible for structure failure as seismic waves generally lead towards overloading and ultimately the structure fails. Cement is generally an energy releasing material and it releases immense amount of CO2 emissions into the earth’s atmosphere, causing the ozone layer to deplete. Hence to minimize this impact and to provide a sustainable solution and to minimize the accidents different sustainable houses are being provided to the people. By doing this, we can reuse existing building assets to minimize the waste and to reduce the pollution. In 2011, International Organization launched the Life cycle Sustainability assessment to have a more sustainable approach towards construction by using different techniques. Life cycle sustainability assessment is a suitable too used for environmental performance of buildings. In this paper we will look to observe different provisions of sustainability in different structural designs taking different codes as a reference.
Improvement of the Shear Strength Parameters of a Granular Volcanic Soil Using Type I Portland Cement
Authors: Viso Chachayma Jordy Frank , Torres Alvarez Jhian Franco , Durán Ramírez Gary , Fernández Díaz Carlos Mario
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to improve the parameters of shear strength in granular volcanic soil, by adding a percentage of Portland type I cement. The first step for this research was to classify the soil through a Granulometry test, according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), the result was considered as a poorly graded sand with gravel also considered by The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) as “A-1-b”. In addition, the compaction curve of the volcanic soil has a Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of 1.21 kg/cm2 and an optimum moisture content of 17.8%. Also, the friction angle of 33.5° and a cohesion of 0 kg/cm2, and the results of the Direct Shear Test indicate the Residual Stresses of 0.63, 1.34 and 2.65 kg/cm2 according to the Normal Stresses 1, 2 and 4 kg/cm2, respectively. The second step was to apply a Modified Proctor Test as following: one sample for natural soil and four samples adding 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% of cement. Finally, applied the Direct Shear Test: one sample for natural soil and three samples adding 3%, 5%, and 7% of cement after 7 days of curing, then three more samples are taken adding 3, 5% and 7% of cement at 14 days of curing. The results of the Modified Proctor Test of the volcanic soil with the addition of 5% cement has a maximum peak of a Maximum Dry Density of 1.33 kg/cm2 and with an Optimal Moisture Content of 22.7%, improved the MDD by 10% in regard to the natural soil. And the results of the Direct Shear Test shown in each sample an increase from 14.6% to 79.1% in the friction angle in comparison with the natural soil from 25.8% to 161.5% in shear strength. Likewise, the behavior of the volumetric deformation is shown, presenting a greater contraction when a normal stress of 1 kg/cm2 is applied and a greater expansion when a normal stress of 4 kg/cm2 is applied. Also, the volcanic soil at 7 days of curing with 7% cement addition increases its resistance by 67.34% and the volumetric variation decreases by 50% and the volcanic soil at 14 days of curing with 5% addition of cement increases its resistance by 103.40% and the volumetric variation decreases by 25%.
The Tensile and Flexural Forces of Acropora Reef Waste Particulate-Enchanced Polyester Composites
Authors: Pamungkas Akmal Raka , Surata I Wayan , Tirta Nindhia Tjokorda Gde
Published: August 2021

Composite is a material that combines two or more materials that basically dissimilar chemical or physical properties from one another. In this research, we used Acropora coral reef waste particulate and Resin Polyester BQTN type 157 with Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) 1% as the hardener. The Hand Lay-Up molding technique is used in the process of making the material. The tensile and flexure test is done according to the ASTM D3090 and ASTM D790 – 03 standards. The purpose of this research is to discover the means to produce a composite enhanced by Acropora coral reef waste with polyester matrix and to learn the tensile and flexure strength from the Acropora coral reef waste particulate-enhanced polyester composites with mass fraction varieties of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The tensile test result of Acroporal coral reef waste particulate with polyester matrix yields average tensile strength at mass fraction variety of 40% with a score of 19,66 MPa, with an Modulus score of 636,75 MPa. The flexure test result of Acropora coral reef waste particulate with polyester matrix yields average flexure stress at mass fraction variety of 40% with a score of 112,56 MPa, with an average Elastic Modulus score of 3098,96 MPa.
Influence of Part Orientation on the Surface Roughness in the Process of Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Milde Ján , Jurina František , Peterka Jozef , Dobrovszký Patrik , Hrbál Jakub , Martinovič Jozef
Published: August 2021

The article focused on the influence of part orientation on the surface roughness of cuboid parts during the process of fabricating by FDM technology. The components, in this case, is simple cuboid part with the dimensions 15 mm x 15mm x 30 mm. A geometrical model is defined that considers the shape of the material filaments after deposition, to define a theoretical roughness profile, for a certain print orientation angle. Five different print orientations in the X-axis of the cuboid part were set: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. According to previous research in the field of FDM technology by the author, the internal structure (infill) was set at the value of 70%. The method of 3D printing was the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the material used in this research was thermoplastic ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). For each setting, there were five specimens (twenty five prints in total). Prints were fabricated on a Zortrax M200 3D printer. After the 3D printing, the surface “A” was investigated by portable surface roughness tester Mitutoyo SJ-210. Surface roughness in the article is shown in the form of graphs (Fig.7). Results show increase in part roughness with increasing degree of part orientation. When the direction of applied layers on the measured surface was horizontal, significant improvement in surface roughness was observed. Findings in this paper can be taken into consideration when designing parts, as they can contribute in achieving lower surface roughness values.
Latest Research and Developing Tendency of Hyperbranched Polymers Fabrication
Authors: Huo Lian Yi , Shi Xue Tao , Chen Si Ming , Zhang Meng Yao
Published: August 2021

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have been applied in various fields because of its outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility. At present, there are a variety of methods that are used to fabricate HBPs, such as polycondensation, reactive polymerization and ring-opening polymerization according to reaction mechanism. These methods are all environmental-friendly and high-efficient to generate HBPs, and are valuable for industrialization. In this work, we conclude some common methods of HBPs fabrication and make the comparison between them to analyze their advantages and disadvantages, which contribute in how to improve the synthesis process in the future research.
Study on Self-Sensing Performance of Graphene-Modified FRP Bars
Authors: Huang Xiu Zhi , Zhang Jia Hui , Wang Xin
Published: August 2021

At present, the distributed long-gauge optical sensor on fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) bar cannot be manufactured through integrated production. On the other hand, the point-sensing technology of the self-sensing bar will cause deviations in structural health monitoring (SHM). To solve these issues, applying the graphene/epoxy on FRP members is a feasible method for the piezoresistive characteristics of graphene. In this paper, basalt FRP (BFRP) bars with graphene/epoxy film were tested under static tensile load and the resistance was measured at the same time until they were broken down. The results suggested that the changing rate of resistance was linearly correlated to the strain. This fact indicated that the graphene-modified BFRP bar can well reflect the stress condition of the structural member within a safe range.
Photocontrolled Azo-Containing Adhesives
Authors: Wang Jun Ru
Published: August 2021

The photoisomerization of azobenzene (Azo) in system can induce changes of adhesion. Using this feature, some significant breakthroughs have been achieved in distinct adhesive systems from small molecular to polymer to supramolecular. Although the mechanisms vary from different situations, photoisomerization and photothermal effect of azobenzene under different irradiation always play significant role in the switch of the adhesion strength. By utilizing these features, some adhesive systems have illustrated promising and competitive performance. This review will concentrate on these achievements and advantages of photocontrolled adhesives based on azobenzene derivatives which are classified by photocontrolled mechanism. Furthermore, we also give some consideration to the future development of photocontrolled adhesives.
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Effect of Porosity on Epoxy Granite Composite
Authors: Nallusamy S. , Narayanan M. Rajaram , Sujatha K. , Rekha R. Suganthini
Published: August 2021

The mechanical properties of epoxy granite composite are extensively influenced by the structure of porosity. The aim of this research work is to establish a mathematical model to estimate the correlation among damping and porosity. Also to estimate the correlation among flexural strength and porosity for given epoxy granite composites using experimental methods. The theoretical porosity of epoxy granite in terms of their component properties and volume fraction were determined and verified. Taguchi design of experiments was applied to plan the number of experiments to be carried out. The experimental results obtained from different test were plotted on graph over analytical results. Regression analysis was applied to establish the empirical relation between inherent properties and mechanical properties. Comparison between the analytical model and experimental results was carried out to validate the mathematical model
Multi-Material Composition Optimization vs Software-Based Single-Material Topology Optimization of a Rectangular Sample under Flexural Load for Fused Deposition Modeling Process
Authors: Hassani Vahid , Mehrabi Hamid Ahmad , Gregg Carl , O'Brien Roger William , Ituarte Iñigo Flores , Tjahjowidodo Tegoeh
Published: August 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been evolved over the last decade, enabling engineers and researchers to improve functionalities of parts by introducing a growing technology known as multi-material AM. In this context, fused deposition modeling (FDM) process has been modified to create multi-material 3D printed objects with higher functionality. The new technology enables it to combine several types of polymers with hard and soft constituents to make a 3D printed part with improved mechanical properties and functionalities. Knowing this capability, this paper aims to present a parametric optimization method using a genetic algorithm (GA) to find the optimum composition of hard polymer as polylactic acid (PLA) and soft polymer as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 95A) used in Ultimaker 3D printer for making a rectangular sample under flexural load in order to minimize the von Mises stress as an objective function. These samples are initially presented in four deferent forms in terms of composition of hard and soft polymers and then, after the optimization process, the final ratio of each type of material will be achieved. Based on the volume fraction of soft polymers in each sample, the equivalent topologically-optimized samples will be obtained that are solely made of single-material PLA as hard polymer under the same flexural load as applied to multi-material samples. Finally, the structural results and manufacturability in terms of the generated support structures, as key element of some AM processes, will be compared for the resultant samples created by two methods of optimization.
Effect of Residual Aluminum Thickness on Microstructure and Strength of Friction Stir Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy/Copper Lap Joint
Authors: Watanabe Mitsuhiro , Sasako Shinpei
Published: August 2021

Dissimilar metal lap joining of A5052 aluminum alloy plate and C1100 pure copper plate was performed by using friction stir spot welding. The rotating welding tool, which was composed of a probe part and a shoulder part, was plunged from the aluminum alloy plate which was overlapped on the copper plate, and residual aluminum alloy thickness under the probe part of the welding tool after plunging of the welding tool was controlled in the range from 0 mm to 0.4 mm. The strength of the welding interface was evaluated by using tensile-shear test. Microstructure of the welding interface was examined by using an optical microscope and a field emission scanning electron microscope. The welding was achieved at the residual aluminum alloy thickness under the probe part of the welding tool below 0.3 mm. The welded area was formed at aluminum alloy/copper interface located under the probe part of the welding tool, and its width increased with decreasing the residual aluminum alloy thickness. A characteristic laminate structure was produced in the copper matrix near the welding interface. In the joint fabricated at the residual aluminum alloy thickness below 0.1 mm, hook of Cu was formed at edge of the welded area. The fracture did not occur at the welding interface. A remarkable improvement in strength was observed in the joint fabricated at the residual aluminum alloy thickness below 0.1 mm. The formation of laminate structure and hook is considered to result in joint strength improvement.
Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Microglial Activation and Metabolic Switch
Authors: Montilla Alejandro , Ruiz Asier , Marquez Mar , Sierra Amanda , Matute Carlos , Domercq Maria
Published: August 2021

Microglia act as sensors of injury in the brain, favoring its homeostasis. Their activation and polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype are associated with injury and disease. These processes are linked to a metabolic reprogramming of the cells, characterized by high rates of glycolysis and suppressed oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic switch can be reproduced in vitro by microglial stimulation with LPS plus IFN-γ. To understand the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial respiration abolishment, we examined potential alterations in mitochondrial features during this switch using rat primary microglia. Cells did not show any change in mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting a limited impact in the mitochondrial viability. We provide evidence that reverse operation of F0F1-ATP synthase contributes to mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, we studied the possible implication of mitochondrial dynamics in the metabolic switch using the mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1), which blocks dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)–dependent mitochondrial fission. Mdivi-1 significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory markers in LPS plus IFN-γ–treated microglia. However, this inhibition did not lead to a recovery of the oxidative phosphorylation ablation by LPS plus IFN-γ or to a microglia repolarization. Altogether, these results suggest that Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, although potentially involved in microglial activation, does not play an essential role in metabolic reprogramming and repolarization of microglia.
Research data communication strategy at the time of pandemics: a retrospective analysis of the Italian experience
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Pata Davide , Rocchetti Chiara , Marchetti Giampietro , Elia Stefano , Il Grande Camillo , Valentini Piero , Levi Guido
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus pandemic has radically changed the scientific world. During these difficult times, standard peer-review processes could be too long for the continuously evolving knowledge about this disease. We wanted to assess whether the use of other types of network could be a faster way to disseminate the knowledge about Coronavirus disease. We retrospectively analyzed the data flow among three distinct groups of networks during the first three months of the pandemic: PubMed, preprint repositories (biorXiv and arXiv) and social media in Italy (Facebook and Twitter). The results show a significant difference in the number of original research articles published by PubMed and preprint repositories. On social media, we observed an incredible number of physicians participating to the discussion, both on three distinct Italian-speaking Facebook groups and on Twitter. The standard scientific process of publishing articles (i.e., the peer-review process) remains the best way to get access to high-quality research. Nonetheless, this process may be too long during an emergency like a pandemic. The thoughtful use of other types of network, such as preprint repositories and social media, could be taken into consideration in order to improve the clinical management of COVID-19 patients.
The Amoraic controversy, halakha and authority in Bavli Eruvin 104a
Authors: Zur Uri
Published: August 2021

The Talmud Bavli presents in Tractate Eruvin (104a) a controversy between two Amoraim, Ulla and Rabbah. This controversy on the topic of producing a sound on the Sabbath is the context of the present study. According to Ulla, any production of sound on the Sabbath is forbidden, and according to Rabbah, producing a musical sound is prohibited on the Sabbath but producing a sound that is not musical is permitted. The purpose of the study is to present the two approaches to solving the controversy, where the dilemma is which of them should the halakha follow. The setting of the study is a comparative analysis of two different halakhic approaches. Accordingly, this controversy created two different fundamental halakhic approaches that have implications for the authority of the Talmud Bavli compared to the Talmud Yerushalmi, that is, which of these Talmuds has more authority than the other. The research methods of this article portray the various outlooks of the poskim and commentators, from amongst the first representatives to relate to this problem, where the results show that a relative majority of the commentators follow the approach of the Rif. The article’s conclusion is that the authority of the Talmud Bavli is greater than that of the Talmud Yerushalmi.Contribution: The contribution of the article is in showing the fundamental arguments that the poskim and commentators raised to solve this dilemma, which serve as a basic foundation for all the poskim and commentators who followed them and who advocated either the one approach or the other. Furthermore, the article also contributes by providing a source interpretation of the Hebrew and Aramaic text and rabbinic literature, which fits the scope of the journal.
Re-imagining health professions education in the coronavirus disease 2019 era: Perspectives from South Africa
Authors: Schmutz Anna M.S. , Jenkins Louis S. , Coetzee Francois , Conradie Hofmeyr , Irlam James , Joubert Elizabeth M. , Matthews Dianne , Van Schalkwyk Susan C.
Published: August 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hit South Africa in March 2020, severely disrupting health services and health education. This fundamentally impacted the training of future health professionals and catalysed a significant response from across the health education sector. In 2020, the South African Association of Health Educationalists requested members to submit reflections on different aspects of their COVID-19 related educational responses.Responding to the pandemic: Seven vignettes focused specifically on clinical training in the context of primary care and family medicine. This short report highlights the key insights that emerged from these vignettes, considering what has been learnt in terms of health professions education and what we need to take forward. These insights include building on what was already in place, the student role, technology in the clinical learning context, taking workshops online, vulnerability and presence and the way going forward.Discussion and conclusion: The contributions emphasised the value of existing relationships between the health services and training institutions, collaboration and transparent communication between stakeholders when navigating a crisis, responsiveness to the changed platform and dynamic environment and aligning teaching with healthcare needs. It is more important than ever to set explicit goals, have clarity of purpose when designing learning opportunities and to provide support to students. Some of these learning points may be appropriate for similar contexts in Africa. How we inculcate what we have learned into the post-pandemic period will bear testimony to the extent to which this crisis has enabled us to re-imagine health professions education.
Flexible teaching of mathematics word problems through multiple means of representation
Authors: Moleko Matshidiso M. , Mosimege Mogege D.
Published: August 2021

Flexible teaching of mathematics word problems is essential to improve learning. Flexible teaching is vital in terms of providing meaningful learning, creating inclusive learning spaces and making content accessible. As such, teachers need to strive to provide flexible teaching of mathematics word problems in order to optimise and maximise learning. In line with this notion, therefore, the qualitative case study reported in this article aimed to explore the implementation of one aspect of universal design for learning (UDL), namely multiple means of representation (MMR), to guide flexible teaching of mathematics word problems. Data were collected using focus group discussions, reflection and observation sessions in which five high school mathematics teachers and a Head of Department were involved. The teachers participated in a mini-workshop on the application of the UDL principles which was organised to introduce and induct them to the approach. The study showed that MMR can be used to help guide flexible teaching of mathematics word problems by providing varied options for comprehension: options for language, mathematical expressions and symbols, as well as options for perception. The findings of the study recommend the need for teachers to adapt their teaching by considering the application of the MMR principle to guide and promote flexible teaching of mathematics word problems.
Establishing targets for advanced HIV disease: A call to action
Authors: Meya David B. , Tugume Lillian , Nabitaka Vennie , Namuwenge Proscovia , Phiri Sam , Oladele Rita , Jibrin Bilkisu , Mobolaji-Bello Mojisola , Kanyama Cecilia , Maokola Werner , Mfinanga Sayoki , Katureebe Cordelia , Amamilo Ikechukwu , Ngwatu Brian , Jarvis Joseph N. , Harrison Thomas S. , Shroufi Amir , Rajasingham Radha , Boulware David , Govender Nelesh P. , Loyse Angela
Published: August 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a guideline for the management of individuals with advanced HIV disease (AHD) to reduce HIV-related deaths. The guideline consists of a package of recommendations including interventions to prevent, diagnose and treat common opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis (TB), cryptococcosis and severe bacterial infections, along with rapid initiation of antiretroviral treatment and enhanced adherence support. Currently no clear targets exist for these key interventions. Emerging programmatic data from Uganda, Tanzania and Nigeria suggest that an estimated 80% of eligible people continue to miss the recommended cryptococcal or TB testing, highlighting the remaining challenges to the effective implementation of WHO-recommended AHD packages of care in real-world resource-limited settings. The absence of mortality indicators for the leading causes of HIV-related deaths, because of the lack of mechanisms to ascertain cause of death, has had a negative impact on establishing interventions to reduce mortality. We suggest that setting 95-95-95 targets for CD4 testing, cryptococcal antigen and TB testing, and treatment that are aligned to the WHO AHD package of care would be a step in the right direction to achieving the greater goal of the WHO End TB strategy and the proposed new strategy to end cryptococcal meningitis deaths. However, these targets will only be achieved if there is healthcare worker training, expanded access to bedside point-of-care diagnostics for hospitalised patients and those in outpatient care who meet the criteria for AHD, and health systems strengthening to minimise delays in initiating the WHO-recommended therapies for TB and cryptococcal disease.
Managing competitive advantage through technology and innovation systems and its impacts on service delivery within the Kaohsiung City Government in Taiwan
Authors: Amesho Kassian T.T. , Edoun Emmanuel I. , Naidoo Vinessa , Pooe Solly
Published: August 2021

Background: Technology and innovation were envisaged as the key to competitive advantages and have become a hallmark of business life worldwide. Without technologies and invention practically, no organisation can survive. Thus, this required a clear understanding of how managing innovation and technology influenced business survival. This was much more explicit in an unprecedented and unavoidable competition in the business world environment, and particularly in the local government authorities’ context, it can be of great significance.Objectives: The main objective of this article was to provide a framework for assessing the effects of managing competitive advantage through technology and innovation in the context of metropolitan cities. This study also helped to provide an understanding of how technological innovation factors affected the performance of organisation effectiveness.Methodology: The methodology used in this study was mainly the secondary data analysis. A complete and thoroughly secondary data analysis process has been utilised as a research design and approach to complete this research work. This section rationalised the selection of the preferred methodology, dealt with data collection and data analysis and covered how data originated from secondary data sources.Results: One of the fundamental contributions of this investigation has been the development of a pool of valuable data in relation to managing technology and innovation for sustainable competitive advantage in the City Government of Taiwan as public sector. Furthermore and based on the results of reviewing and evaluating the relevant literature and theories taken together, this study has led to the development and proposal of a model, the conceptual framework. This developed conceptual framework reflected the bond between managing competitive advantage techniques through technology and innovation and business performances, which can be applied to different business sectors of the central government. The concept can also be applied to different businesses or to different countries confronted by similar challenges and issues of managing technology and innovation.Conclusion: This article posited the importance of managing competitive advantage through technology and innovation, particularly as an essential ingredient of competitive advantage for the local government authorities or metropolitans and municipalities.
The Mount Sinai Hospital Institute for critical care medicine response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Jennifer , Leibner Evan , Hyman Jaime B. , Ahmed Sanam , Hamburger Joshua , Hsieh Jean , Dangayach Neha , Tandon Pranai , Gidwani Umesh , Leibowitz Andrew , Kohli-Seth Roopa ,   On behalf of Mount Sinai Anesthesiology and Critical Care COVID19 Writing Group
Published: August 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in a surge of critically ill patients. This was especially true in New York City. We present a roadmap for hospitals and healthcare systems to prepare for a Pandemic.Methods: This was a retrospective review of how Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH) was able to rapidly prepare to handle the pandemic. MSH, the largest academic hospital within the Mount Sinai Health System, rapidly expanded the intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity, including creating new ICU beds, expanded the workforce, and created guidelines.Results: MSH a 1,139-bed quaternary care academic referral hospital with 104 ICU beds expanded to 1,453 beds (27.5% increase) with 235 ICU beds (126% increase) during the pandemic peak in the first week of April 2020. From March to June 2020, with follow-up through October 2020, MSH admitted 2,591 COVID-19-positive patients, 614 to ICUs. Most admitted patients received noninvasive support including a non-rebreather mask, high flow nasal cannula, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Among ICU patients, 68.4% (n=420) received mechanical ventilation; among the admitted ICU patients, 42.8% (n=263) died, and 47.8% (n=294) were discharged alive.Conclusions: Flexible bed management initiatives; teamwork across multiple disciplines; and development and implementation of guidelines were critical accommodating the surge of critically ill patients. Non-ICU services and staff were deployed to augment the critical care work force and open new critical care units. This approach to rapidly expand bed availability and staffing across the system helped provide the best care for the patients and saved lives.
Reflexões sobre educação indígena na poética de Efraín Miranda
Authors: Ribeiro Ednéia Rodrigues
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Este trabalho pretende analisar os poemas “E Q” e “Ñ R”, publicados em Indios dios runa: antologia poética del profeta del fuego (2008), do peruano Efraín Miranda. A partir da tensão entre pares – dentro/fora, professor/aluno, indígena/não-indígena, rural/urbano – representados pelas imagens da “indiecita escolar”, em “EQ”, e das professoras, em “ÑR”, serão apontadas semelhanças e diferenças entre esses poemas. Tal dicotomia será associada à maneira encontrada pelo poeta para criticar a implementação de políticas educacionais que, em vez de valorizar a sabedoria indígena, caracterizam-se pela tentativa de aculturação desses povos.
Formação Omnilateral Docente e a Mercantilização de Eventos Acadêmicos e Científicos da Área de Educação
Authors: Dos Santos Isabelly Raiane Silva
Published: August 2021

RESUMO

Defende-se que formação de professores, além de ser continuada, deve apresentar um caráter contínuo. Na procura por essa formação, docentes buscam a participação em cursos e eventos acadêmicos e científicos. Entretanto, a partir do avanço do Toyotismo e da aprendizagem flexível, eventos, como congressos, têm sua realização motivada por aspectos do capital. A partir disso, os objetivos dessa pesquisa são investigar a relação estabelecida entre a execução de eventos acadêmicos e científicos e a mercantilização da educação, expor situações que evidenciem a ideologia do capital presente na execução de um evento acadêmico e científico e indicar pontos relevantes do evento que poderiam contribuir para a superação do docente acrítico e fragmentado pelo capitalismo. Dados foram coletados a partir da análise da organização e execução de um congresso. Ao final, foi verificado que, embora guiado por aspirações capitalistas, eventos, como o analisado, podem constituir uma forma de superação do docente unilateral.

 

ABSTRACT

It is argued that teacher training, besides being continuous, must have an ongoing character. In the search for this training, teachers seek participation in courses and academic and scientific events. However, from the advance of Toyotism and flexible learning, events, such as congresses, have their realization motivated by aspects of capital. From this, this research’s objectives are to investigate the relationship established between the execution of academic and scientific events and the education commodification, to expose situations that show the capital ideology present in the execution of an academic and scientific event, and to indicate relevant points of the event that could contribute to overcoming the uncritical and fragmented teacher by capitalism. Data were collected from the analysis of a congress organization and execution. In the end, it was found that, although guided by capitalist aspirations, events, such as the one analyzed, can constitute a way of overcoming the unilateral teacher.
MOTIVATION AND BARRIERS OF UNEPLOYED PEOPLE REGARDING THEIR PARTICIPATION IN LIFELONG LEARNING PROGRAMS: A CASE STUDY IN A PREFECTURE OF GREECE
Authors: Kostopoulos Konstantinos Panagiotis , Karalis Thanassis
Published: August 2021

This article presents the results of a survey on the motivation and barriers of unemployed people regarding their participation in lifelong learning programs in a prefecture of Greece. As for the methodology followed, we selected the quantitative research, which was based on the collection of quantitative research data from 109 unemployed persons using a structured questionnaire during November and December 2019. The questionnaire used in this study was based on the PRB Questionnaire, which was slightly adjusted to fit the unemployed population. Specifically, most of the unemployed (62.4%) who participated in this survey stated that they did not participate in any seminar, training program or educational activity related to their profession. Even lower participation rates are found in general adult education programs, with only 22% saying they have attended some educational activity. Regarding the motivation of unemployed people to participate in a vocational training program, the research participants stated that finding a job was the most important motivation. They then set priorities to be more efficient in their jobs, to increase their financial returns and to maintain their future jobs. With regard to the barriers for unemployed people to participate in a vocational training program, the most important obstacle in all questions is the cost of participation. Next in the hierarchy are the lack of information, the difficulty of moving, the lack of time due to work obligations, the lack of time for occupations and the lack of time due to family obligations.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ADULTHOOD: THE CASE STUDIES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND STUDENTS OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING ON THE ISLAND OF LEMNOS, GREECE
Authors: Arvanitidou Sofia , Arvanitis Eugenia
Published: August 2021

A comparative study of adulthood was conducted to explore the levels of self-esteem and the parameters of adulthood among students at the Aegean University, Department of Food Science and Nutrition (D.F.S.N.) and the students of public Institute of Vocational Training (Greek: IEK), both located on the Greek island of Lemnos. Thus, maturity, responsibility, autonomy, self-management and the sense of social responsibility were measured on a Likert scale and Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale. The research investigated whether being a student of Tertiary Education or a student of Vocational Training has an effect on the concept of adulthood or influences the level of individual self-esteem. The quantitative results brought to light that adulthood can be attained without direct relevance to the Educational Institute whereas the degree of self-esteem and self-management in women was determined to some extent by the choice of School. This conclusion has raised issues of major importance for further research.

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AN INSTRUCTIONAL SCENARIO (LESSON PLAN): THE IMPORTANCE OF BREATHING. IS IT POSSIBLE WITHOUT BREATHING?
Authors: Vogiatzaki Eirini , Nikolopoulou Anastasia
Published: August 2021

This article aims to present a lesson plan entitled “The importance of breathing. Is it possible to live without breathing?” This lesson lasts for one teaching hour. It was carried out through the Cisco WebEx Meetings platform of modern training and concerns the course Nursing Theory II for the 3rd Class of Vocational High School (EPAL), specializing in Nursing Assistant in the Health, Welfare & Wellness Sector. This script material was part of the training of B2 level ICT trainees, organized by the Institute of Educational Policy (IEP) with the co-financing of Greece and the European Union. The article aims to present a lesson plan so that students can deepen their knowledge in the thematic unit of Vital Signs with emphasis on the importance of breathing. More specifically, students learn to define what respiration is, to name and interpret the different types of respiration, but also to know when respirations should be counted. The strategy they relied on is collaborative learning. In particular, by organizing working groups, participation and interaction among students are enhanced. Students were asked to complete an interactive exercise created on e-me content, then worked on a collaborative document (Google forms) and completed a feedback quiz at the end of the lesson.

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KNOWLEDGE TRANSFORMING IN WRITING: AN ANALYSIS OF READ-TO-WRITE PROCESS
Authors: Rahmat Noor Hanim
Published: August 2021

Academic writing depends on critical reading. Writers need to read materials to be used as support and evidence in their writing. The writing process of an academic writer mirrors the knowledge transforming model. The link between reading and writing has been established by past studies. The read-to-write process is the academic writing process that writers go through but focused more on the reading activities to prepare for materials to be included in the essay. This study is done to explore the perception of writers in their reading stage (read-to-write process). 176 undergraduates taking academic writing course were randomly chosen to respond to the instrument. The instrument is a 5 Likert-scale with 34 items on topics pertaining to variables found in the knowledge transforming model. Findings reveal that writers take alternative roles and reader and writer in the writing process. Findings also reveal interesting pedagogical implications in the teaching and learning of both academic reading and writing.

 

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DIFFICULTIES IN STUDYING TOEIC LISTENING COMPREHENSION OF NON–ENGLISH MAJORED FRESHMEN AT TAY DO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Nguyen Hiep Thanh Nga , Phan Thi Minh Uyen , Huynh Thi My Duyen , Tran Thi Kim Huong
Published: August 2021

TOEIC Certificate is becoming more and more popular all over the world in general and in particular, Vietnam. It is considered as one of the most compulsory demands for graduating university, especially at Tay Do university. Listening seems to be a skill that many students usually face difficulties in learning. Therefore, the survey research “Difficulties in studying TOEIC Listening Comprehension of non – English majored freshmen at Tay Do University” was conducted to figure out common difficulties in studying TOEIC listening of non-English majored students. Freshmen of Bachelor of Tourism and Travel Management class at Tay Do university were chosen as the participants. Questionnaire and interview were used as instruments to collect the data. The findings of the study would point out learners’ difficulties consisting of general difficulties (vocabulary, pronunciation, background knowledge and psychological) and difficulties in each part in the TOEIC listening test. Thanks to the results, some solutions would be suggested for students’ improvement.

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BARRIERS AND MOTIVATION FOR LEARNING ENGLISH: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Mat Razi Nurul Izlin , Rahmat Noor Hanim
Published: August 2021

In countries where learning English as a Second Language (ESL) is made compulsory, yet it is actually a foreign language to many learners, problems occur among learners. Language is the reflection of culture itself as the language can shape the society. Problems in language learning may occur due to several barriers. Firstly, cultural barrier is one of the barriers that is difficult to resolve. The barriers may influence the motivations to learn. The aim of this study is to investigate cultural barriers and motivation issues that might influence the process of learning English. 69 respondents participated in this quantitative study. The instrument used is a survey and it has 3 parts; 1) demographic profile, 2) culture and language learning and 3) motivation and language learning. Findings reveal that cultural barriers and motivational issues do have influence on learners’ language learning. Findings of this study bear interesting implications towards the teaching and learning of English as second language.

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FUNCTIONS OF SPEAKING IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE & SPEAKING ANXIETY
Authors: Rahmat Noor Hanim , Shahabani Nor Syahiza , Ibrahim Irma Wahyuny
Published: August 2021

Plato once said “a wise man speaks because he has something to say, a fool speaks because he has to say something!” Often the ability to speak (or not) is used to gauge a person’s language proficiency. Speaking is one of the four language skills which includes listening, reading and writing. However, of all the four skills, the first skill that is portrayed is a person’s speaking skills. A person’s speaking skills (or lack of it) is often used by future employers to evaluate the oral communication abilities of their employees. This is because speaking has many different functions and failure to understand the varying functions may lead to anxiety among the speakers. This pilot study is done to investigate the usage of the English language in undergraduates’ interaction and transaction in their everyday lives, their speaking performances and their speaking anxiety. Data is analysed using SPSS and presented in the form of mean scores. Findings for interaction and transaction showed that English is used during formal transaction. In addition to that, the discussion on academic matters is a necessity to speak English. Next, findings for performance revealed that no matter how good or poor their achievement in this second language, speakers have to make it happen – this is one of the challenges that the speakers have to face. Lastly, the speaking anxiety may impact their (speakers) interaction with other people. Results of this study bear interesting implications towards the acquisition and learning of speaking in English among learners.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING STRATEGY USE IN ENGLISH AND MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS AT A COLLEAGUE IN CAN THO CITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Phan Thi Minh Uyen , My Ly Thi Tra , Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang , Nguyen Nguyen Minh Ly
Published: August 2021

Among the many factors that increase students’ achievement in the mastery of foreign languages, including English, are motivation and use of language learning strategies. Previous studies by a range of researchers have identified these two elements as the most important in obtaining success in language learning. This study carried out on 152 university students, roughly equal in gender, studying at a university in Can Tho, Vietnam, sought to discover the relationships between these two factors within the Vietnamese language learning context. In particular, the study sought to 1) discover which of two types of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic, is most prevalent among the students studied; 2) their use of language learning strategies; 3) reveals the relationship between students' motivation and use of language learning strategies; and 4) describe the differences in their use of language learning strategies based on whether their motivation was high, medium or low. Research instruments included Schmidt et al.'s Questionnaire on Motivation in Learning English, and Oxford's Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (both modified for the Vietnamese language learning context and translated into Vietnamese), plus an interview with 18 of the students to gain greater insight into the answers they gave on the questionnaires. Results were obtained using standard deviations and t-tests. They showed that Vietnamese university students are mainly extrinsically motivated; that all strategies were used at least at a medium level, amidst other fluctuations; and that those metacognitive strategies are most prevalent among medium and high motivated students but affective strategies are most common among low motivation students. Recommendations flowing from these results are that teachers should prioritize the formal teaching of learning strategies and should attempt to increase intrinsic motivation by putting greater emphasis on making language learning fun and relevant to the students' interests and passions.

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VOCABULARY SIZE AT FOUR STAGES OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Daskalovska Nina
Published: August 2021

One of the main aims of language learning is developing communicative competence, or the ability to communicate effectively in everyday situations. In order to achieve that, besides grammar knowledge, learners need to acquire enough vocabulary knowledge that would enable them to use the language outside the classroom, which requires acquiring significant receptive and productive word knowledge in order to be able to participate in various communicative situations. Research shows that the most frequent 2000 words comprise about 85% of the words in any text regardless of the topic, and that learners need to know at least 3000 word families in order to be able to use the language successfully and to be able to read authentic texts with understanding. However, experience shows that acquiring a large vocabulary is one of the biggest obstacles that language learners face in the process of language acquisition. Nevertheless, since vocabulary knowledge is the key component of the overall communicative competence, is it necessary to invest time and effort to learn the most frequent words in the language. The aim of this study is to determine the vocabulary size of language learners at four stages of language development. In addition, the study attempts to determine the difference between receptive and productive knowledge of vocabulary, as well as the difference between knowledge of words seen in isolation and in context. The participants were four groups of learners, of whom three groups comprised elementary and secondary school students and one group were university students. The results showed that during the first five years of learning the vocabulary knowledge increases at a greater rate, that learners have better receptive than productive knowledge of words, and that seeing words in context helps learners demonstrate greater receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge.

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