bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação Estratégica do Acesso a Oportunidades de Trabalho em Belo Horizonte
Authors: Oliveira Renata Lúcia Magalhães de , Cunha Libânio André Augusto , Soares Henrique Fontenele Garcia Camila , Vaz Raad Lucélia Viviane , Dos Santos Fontes Pereira Bracarense Lilian , Soares Lopes André
Published: January 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo geral a compreensão da problemática da acessibilidade às oportunidades de trabalho e a sua relação com a mobilidade na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Para tanto, foi aplicado um método para avaliação, em nível estratégico, de problemas de distribuição desigual e inequânime de acessibilidade e mobilidade (GARCIA et al., 2018), fundamentado em técnicas de análise espacial e teorias éticas de justiça social. A metodologia consiste na caracterização das distribuições e diagnóstico dos problemas de acessibilidade e mobilidade a partir das relações entre fatores que contribuem para a conformação desses problemas e suas características. Para tanto, os indicadores selecionados foram submetidos a análises exploratórias, considerando abordagens não-espaciais e espaciais. Belo Horizonte apresenta distribuições desiguais e inequânimes da acessibilidade e da mobilidade às oportunidades de trabalho. Os níveis de acessibilidade ao trabalho são mais elevados na região central da cidade, onde há concentração de empregos e menores tempos de viagem em relação ao restante do município. Diferentemente, a mobilidade apresenta um padrão de distribuição espacial bastante disperso. Na fase de diagnóstico, foram delimitadas zonas críticas, sob o aspecto da distribuição desigual, a partir de parâmetros de suficiência para cada modo. Adicionalmente foram realizadas análises das relações entre acessibilidade e mobilidade e os atributos urbanos que contribuem para a distribuição desigual e inequânime de oportunidades. Os resultados deste trabalho podem subsidiar formulação e priorização de políticas públicas.
An Overview of Current Capital Investments in Latin American Port Infrastructure
Authors: Brandão Luiz Eduardo Teixeira
Published: January 2022

Port infrastructure development is an important requirement for sustainable economic growth as it allows for the increment of trade, which benefits the countries involved. As occurs with most infrastructure projects, however, this investment requires significant amounts of capital with long term returns under conditions or risk and uncertainty, which frequently cannot be afforded by the host government. To address these challenges, Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) agreements have been widely used to meet the port infrastructure needs in many countries. In this article, we analyze the case of port infrastructure development in Latin America and show that the incorporation of managerial flexibility may help increase the value and reduce the risk in this class of projects. We discuss several port projects in the region and discuss in detail the case of the Terminal Portuario Multipropósito de Salaverry to show how uncertainty can be mitigated by incorporating managerial flexibility into the bid documents and contracts.
Uma abordagem heurística ao problema da programação de trens em linhas singelas
Authors: LEAL JOSÉ EUGÊNIO
Published: January 2022

Este artigo descreve o desenvolvimento do modelo de programação de um trem que ajuda o centro de controle operacional a administrar o tráfego ferroviário. Este modelo foi projetado para administrar os horários de trem em linhas ferroviárias singelas. O modelo foi desenvolvido com uma principal aplicação em mente, a saber, como uma ferramenta de suporte à decisão para que os despachantes de trem o programem em tempo real. Isso pode ajudar o despachante a resolver conflitos de trens (ultrapassagens e cruzamentos) nos desvios para que alcancem um objetivo predefinido. A aplicação do modelo a um problema “da vida real” tem demonstrado que o modelo heurístico, com uma técnica de ramificação e limite, assim como a técnica de árvore em largura parcial em muitos níveis, é capaz de produzir soluções úteis ao problema.
A LINGUAGEM DOS DIREITOS SUBJETIVOS E AS LIBERDADES INDIVIDUAIS: ENTRE PERMISSÕES, PODERES E IMUNIDADES
Authors: Olivier André
Published: January 2022

Objetivo:O artigo aborda a linguagem dos direitos subjetivos, tendo como referência o significado que a palavra “direitos” adquire quando empregada no sentido de liberdades individuais. A pergunta que se pretende enfrentar ao longo do texto é a seguinte: quais os significados que a expressão “direitos” pode adquirir quando usada, linguisticamente, como uma liberdade individual tanto na linguagem ordinária do senso comum quanto segundo a perspectiva dos especialistas (legisladores, magistrados, etc.) de um sistema jurídico?Metodologia: Para responder à indagação proposta, pretende-se apontar, com base no método empírico-analítico, o qual descreve o funcionamento da linguagem jurídica, que os usos da palavra “direitos”, enquanto liberdades individuais, dizem respeito, basicamente, a permissões, poderes e imunidades. Direitos são termos linguísticos que incrementam a relação jurídica e auxiliam os seres humanos a se colocarem, a partir de um determinado contexto, na posição de detentor e destinatário do direito.Resultados: O artigo pretende destacar a estrutura molecular da linguagem jurídica segundo a qual os direitos se entrelaçam em conglomerados de direitos elementares costurados entre si. São direitos basilares que, ao se costurarem, formam direitos cada vez mais complexos e que desempenham funções distintas entre os pares de uma relação jurídica, obrigando-os mutuamente.Contribuições: A conclusão que se pretende extrair ao final do texto é destacar que aquilo que compreendemos como direitos são, na verdade, aglomerados de direitos elementares que formam um mosaico de direitos – também denominado cluster of rights. É justamente a sobreposição desses direitos que trazem dinâmica ao ordenamento jurídico e possibilitam a formação de novos direitos.
DEMOCRACIA AGONÍSTICA POR OPOSIÇÃO AO NARCISISMO POLÍTICO: CONTRA O ÓDIO COMO FORMA DE FAZER POLÍTICA
Authors: Cunha José Ricardo
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivos: 1) apontar como o egocentrismo e o egoísmo constituem uma cultura de fundo que inviabiliza a política democrática e, no limite, corroboram o ódio como forma de fazer política; e 2) indicar a democracia agonística, como proposta por Chantal Mouffe, a partir de um debate com Carl Schmitt, como uma forma de fazer política mais consentânea com o pluralismo e, portanto, com o assentimento da alteridade como constitutiva do próprio fazer político.Metodologia: Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, o artigo apoia-se no método hipotético-dedutivo, mediante a pesquisa bibliográfica em textos que tratam sobre o tema.Resultados:Individualidade e pluralismo são características centrais do mundo moderno. Contudo, a afirmação excessiva da individualidade produziu situações em que se busca suplantar o pluralismo em nome do sectarismo. Uma cultura de fundo de reforço do ego parece descambar em muitos momentos para um forte egocentrismo e um individualismo brutal. No aspecto político, isso institui práticas alérgicas à alteridade que chegam a suplantar o próprio compromisso com a democracia, abrindo espaço para o ódio como forma de fazer política. Em oposição a essa perspectiva, o artigo indica o modelo agonístico de democracia, conforme sustentado por Chantal Mouffe. Em diálogo com Carl Schmitt, Mouffe defende que a política democrática é um campo de inevitável conflito, todavia esse conflito não deve se dar na forma de um antagonismo onde aquele que pensa diferente seja tomado como um inimigo a ser destruído. No lugar do antagonismo, propõe o agonismo, que significa um permanente embate democrático, porém em condições nas quais o outro não seja visto como inimigo, mas sim como adversário.
Liminality as a condition for changing of the level of subjective vitality of a professional
Authors: Maltseva Tatyana
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the scientific literature on the problem of liminality as a condition for the dynamics of subjective vitality in conjunction with professional activity. The phenomenon of subjective vitality is defined as the subject's level of vital forces, which exist in him as an adaptive and personal potential, the realization of which is necessary for a person to realize his uniqueness and integrity in order to establish a correspondence between various states in the person himself, as well as with the systems surrounding him. The article substantiates its actual role in professional activity, preservation of mental and physical health, in increasing the level of psychological well-being. Taking into account the fact that a certain number of professional situations can be better understood if we consider them through the prism of liminality - an intermediate state between otherness and norms, approaches to this concept are considered. Arnold van Gennep's views that life is characterized by transitions from one social group or situation to another. Victor Turner, expanding the understanding of liminality and describing its relevance to both traditional and modern societies. The works of Homi Bhabha, in which liminality is put forward as a state that allows self-construction through the rejection of imposed forms. The three-phase structure of the liminality of L.I. Fusu. Liminality in modern psychology is a state that occurs at the moment of transition from one stage of development to another, that is, associated with life changes or developmental crises, with changes in general, or with a situation of uncertainty. The article concludes that the problem of the development of subjective vitality is interconnected with the presence of the state of liminality and the conditions of the liminal situation. Liminality acts as a psychological condition for a change in the level of subjective vitality, leading to the need to revise the attitude to life, spiritual foundations and the system of values.
Griseldis Báthory, the Disobedient Bride or the Unsuccessful Taming of a Heretic Shrew
Authors: Máté Ágnes
Published: January 2022

The article aims to examine the initial phase of the marriage of Jan Zamoyski with Griseldis Báthory, the issue of change of the bride’s name, and the problems caused by the newlyweds’ difference of faith. Despite the plans of king Stephen and hetman Zamoyski, the young bride did not become a Catholic. Her upbringing by her Protestant mother and grandmother overrode the political interests of her Catholic male relatives.
La consideración jurídica de la pensión extranjera a efectos del complemento a mínimos.
Authors: Diaz Mordillo Maria Alexandra
Published: January 2022

Los complementos a mínimos del artículo 59 del TRLGSS suponen el mecanismo que garantiza el cobro de pensiones adecuadas protegido en la Constitución Española. Estos complementos actúan de manera diferente según se trate de pensiones únicas o concurrentes. En caso de concurrencia con una pensión extranjera, hay que tener en cuenta que debe aplicarse la norma nacional aunque garantizando los principios de la normativa internacional. El cambio en la consideración jurídica de la pensión extranjera a efectos del cálculo del complemento a mínimos, operado por la Ley de Presupuestos Generales del Estado para 2021, corrige una situación de desigualdad reconocida por la jurisprudencia. Son necesarios mecanismos de control que garanticen la protección del nivel de igualdad conseguido.
El derecho a la asistencia sanitaria con cargo a fondos públicos en España de los reos de la UE y británicos post-Brexit.
Authors: Cester Maíllo Maite
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el derecho a la asistencia sanitaria con cargo a fondos públicos de la población europea y británica en las cárceles españolas, a fin de mostrar cómo va a afectar el Brexit a dichos reos una vez el Reino Unido adquiera la condición de Tercer Estado para la Unión Europea. Para ello, proponemos una alternativa a la financiación del sistema de asistencia sanitaria penitenciaria sirviéndonos no sólo de la normativa en vigor relacionada con la retirada del Reino Unido de la Unión, sino que también de la normativa europea de Coordinación de los Sistemas de Seguridad Social, que componen, en conjunto, un complejo corpus normativo que habremos de conjugar con las últimas novedades jurisprudenciales españolas en la materia.
El país deseado por El País. El Uruguay y el enemigo interno (1964-1973).
Authors: Damián Montero Mariano
Published: January 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es describir cómo uno de los principales diarios montevideanos -El País-, a mediados de la década del sesenta, se adelantó a la propia dictadura cívico-militar (1973-1985) en la utilización de un discurso represivo ligado a la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional, que estigmatizaría a las protestas sociales como subversivas e impulsadas por intereses “foráneos”. Para tal fin, se analizaron las editoriales y secciones del diario mencionado, desde el año 1964 hasta 1973.
Hacia una taxonomía de la literatura del emprendimiento académico: aportaciones para Latinoamérica
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Pilar
Published: January 2022

La emergencia del conocimiento como motor del crecimiento sitúa al emprendimiento académico como punto catalizador del desarrollo tecnológico y económico; por ello, ha recibido creciente interés tanto de políticos como de gestores universitarios y académicos. Aunque el auge de la literatura del emprendimiento académico se propagó a partir de la década de los noventa, los objetos y dinámicas del trabajo académico han cambiado. Este estudio realiza una taxonomía de la literatura sobre emprendimiento académico para identificar tendencias, vacíos y áreas de oportunidad para Latinoamérica. La metodología seguida hizo un análisis sistemático de literatura basado en la producción regional. Los resultados apuntan a que la literatura se ha centrado predominantemente en los cambios de la universidad y el tránsito a la universidad emprendedora, la comercialización de tecnología universitaria y factores sociales. Empero, deja de lado los atributos individuales de los académicos que emprenden, el sistema de incentivos y la identificación de oportunidades de estos. Esta revisión permite identificar áreas de oportunidad por explorar en la práctica e investigación en Latinoamérica.
Pay-What-You-Want Pricing in the Digital Product Marketplace: A Feasible Alternative to Piracy Prevention?
Authors: Kim Byung Cho , Park So Eun , Straub Detmar W.
Published: January 2022

In pay-what-you-want (PWYW) pricing, buyers are allowed to pay any amount they want, often including a price of zero. Standard theory predicts that buyers are driven solely by their own interest and will always choose to pay nothing, making PWYW pricing impractical to use. Nonetheless, PWYW pricing has been consistently occurring in the marketplace. We build and analyze a theoretical model to explain the presence of PWYW pricing in the marketplace and identify the situations under which businesses are better off adopting it over the traditional posted pricing. Because the digital product domain is a particularly good fit for PWYW pricing because of its constant exposure to piracy threats, we focus on digital product firms and examine PWYW pricing as an alternative to their piracy prevention efforts. We show that PWYW pricing becomes a superior pricing strategy when the pirate version is quite similar to the authentic product and it is costly for the firm to improve its product quality. Moreover, if network externalities are present, PWYW pricing can outperform posted pricing only when the network externalities are weak. The results explain why PWYW pricing is rare in the established digital product marketplace, which exhibits strong network externalities.
Tax-Induced Inequalities in the Sharing Economy
Authors: Cui Yao , Davis Andrew M.
Published: January 2022

The growth of sharing economy marketplaces like Airbnb has generated discussions on their socioeconomic impact and lack of regulation. As a result, most major cities in the United States have started to collect an “occupancy tax” for Airbnb bookings. In this study, we investigate the heterogeneous treatment effects of the occupancy tax policy on Airbnb listings, using a combination of a generalized causal forest methodology and a difference-in-differences framework. While we find that the introduction of the tax significantly reduces both listing revenues and sales, more importantly, these effects are disproportionately more pronounced for residential hosts with single shared-space (nontarget) listings versus commercial hosts with multiple properties or entire-space (target) listings. We further show that this unintended consequence is caused by customers’ discriminatory tax aversion against nontarget listings. We then leverage these empirical results by prescribing how hosts should optimally set prices in response to the occupancy tax and identify the discriminatory tax rates that would equalize the tax’s effect across nontarget and target listings.

This paper was accepted by Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, operations management.
Severe Persistent Eczema in a Recipient of the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine
Authors: Ameri Maryam , Abolmaali Meysam , Alwedaie Sayed Mohammed Jawad , Nabavi Mohammad , Rahimian Neda , Mahmoodi Negin
Published: January 2022

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts have been made to design safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Numerous vaccines have been designed and tested in limited clinical trials in various countries. Among them, the Sputnik V vaccine has shown a relatively safe profile and, to our knowledge, has no associated major side effects. We describe the case of a 40-year-old female healthcare worker who developed severe persistent eczematous lesions on the second day after she received the first dose of the Sputnik vaccine. The eczematous lesions were refractory to an antihistamine and persisted at the 1 month follow-up. Severe persistent eczematous lesions should be viewed as a potential side effect of vaccination with the Sputnik V vaccine. Moreover, a severe allergic reaction to a COVID-2019 vaccine may indicate the vaccine is ineffective in the recipient.
What are the current factors that impact on health-related quality of life for women living with HIV?
Authors: Bourne Kathryn , Croston Michelle , Namiba Angelina
Published: January 2022

Since the start of the HIV epidemic, care has often had a strong focus on quality of life. In the early days, this was in part due to the limited treatment options available for people living with HIV, alongside the strong humanistic desire of those working in the specialty to provide optimum care. Advances in HIV treatments have led to care having more of a medical focus, with national and international targets concentrating on the prevention of new infections. Despite medical progress, the impact of being diagnosed and living with HIV has a significant impact on many people, across all aspects of their life. Factors that impact on health-related quality of life for women living with HIV are often poorly understood and under-explored in healthcare settings.
New firearms licensing guidance: GP responsibilities
Authors: Simsek Ceylan , Ellison Karen
Published: January 2022

On 1 November 2021, new guidance for firearms licensing, including new arrangements for medical checks for firearm certificates, came into effect. This article will discuss the key considerations for GPs and the practice team
The risk of all-cause mortality, heart outcomes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders with cobalt-chrome-containing total hip arthroplasty implants
Authors: Deere Kevin , Matharu Gulraj S. , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Wilkinson J. Mark , Blom Ashley W. , Sayers Adrian , Whitehouse Michael R.
Published: January 2022

Aims

A recent report from France suggested an association between the use of cobalt-chrome femoral heads in total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and an increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Cobalt-chrome is a commonly used material in orthopaedic implants. If the reported association is causal, the consequences would be significant given the millions of joint replacements and other orthopaedic procedures in which cobalt-chrome is used annually. We examined whether cobalt-chrome-containing THAs were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, heart outcomes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders in a large national database.

Methods

Data from the National Joint Registry was linked to NHS English hospital inpatient episodes for 374,359 primary THAs with up to 14.5 years follow-up. We excluded any patients with bilateral THAs, knee replacements, indications other than osteoarthritis, aged under 55 years, and diagnosis of one or more outcome of interest before THA. Implants were grouped as either containing cobalt-chrome or not containing cobalt-chrome. The association between implant construct and the risk of all-cause mortality and incident heart failure, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders was examined.

Results

There were 158,677 individuals (42.4%) with an implant containing cobalt-chrome. There were 47,963 deaths, 27,332 heart outcomes, 35,720 cancers, and 22,025 neurodegenerative disorders. There was no evidence of an association that patients with cobalt-chrome implants had higher rates of any of the outcomes.

Conclusion

Cobalt-chrome-containing THAs did not have an increased risk of all-cause mortality, or clinically meaningful heart outcomes, cancer or neurodegenerative disorders into the second decade post-implantation. Our findings will help reassure clinicians and the increasing number of patients receiving primary THA worldwide that the use of cobalt-chrome containing implants is not associated with significant adverse systemic effects.
Measurement of acylindrical surface with transport of intensity
equation
Authors: Lin Xingyu , Chen Dingfu , Zhang Hongbo , Ying Zhijun , Asundi Anand , Yu Yingjie
Published: January 2022

High-precision aspherical cylindrical (acylindrical) lenses are
difficult to directly measure because of the phase deviation in the
off-axis region. To achieve rapid and non-contact measurement of the
acylindrical lens surface, a novel optical structure phase
measurement, to the best of our knowledge, is presented in this work.
Both common finite-difference and noise-reduction finite-difference
methods were used for solving the transport of intensity equation
(TIE) for reconstruction of high-resolution surface measurement. The
results suggest that both common finite-difference and noise-reduction
finite-difference methods can obtain good measurement results. The
proposed method allows for the direct measurement of surface
information without interference stitching. The accuracy of the TIE
measurement has been verified through direct contact measurement.
Neutron imaging with an inertial electrostatic confinement fusion neutron source
Authors: Takakura Kei , Nittoh Koichi , Miyadera Haruo , Yoshioka Kenichi , Karino Yoshiji , Hotta Eiki , Hasegawa Jun
Published: January 2022

A compact inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion neutron
source was developed. Imaging tests using the cylindrical IEC neutron
source were conducted with the indirect imaging plate (IP) method
using dysprosium foil and an imaging plate. An array of

B

4

C

powder contained in a stainless-steel
blade and Cd pins was successfully imaged. To calculate thermal
neutron flux of the device, we tested multiple types of IP and IP
scanners with the indirect IP method to create a calibration curve,
and it was confirmed that dental IP scanners, which are more widely
used than industrial ones, can be applied to the indirect IP
method.
Wide color gamut white light-emitting diodes based on two-dimensional semiconductor nanoplatelets
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Chaonan , Jin Yonglong , Xu Tian
Published: January 2022

II−VI colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) are a kind of two-dimensional nanomaterial with uniform thickness at the atomic scale, thus leading to the characteristics of tunable emission wavelength and narrow bandwidth. Here, we report wide color gamut white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) based on high-performance CdSe-based heterostructure NPLs. The narrow-band CdSe/CdS core/crown and CdSe/ZnCdS core/shell NPLs are chosen as green (∼521 nm) and red (∼653 nm) luminescent materials, respectively. They represent excellent PL properties, such as narrow linewidth, high quantum yields, and high photostability. Importantly, the further fabricated NPL-WLEDs exhibits an ultrawide color gamut covering up ∼141.7% of the NTSC standard in the CIE 1931 color space and excellent stability towards driving currents. These outstanding device performances indicate that the colloidal semiconductor NPLs possess huge potentiality to achieve higher color saturation and wide color gamut for applications in new-generation lightings and displays.
Model equations of light scattering properties and a characteristic time of light propagation for polydisperse colloidal suspensions at different volume fractions
Authors: Fujii Hiroyuki , Ueno Moegi , Inoue Yuki , Aoki Toshiaki , Kobayashi Kazumichi , Watanabe Masao
Published: January 2022

We developed model equations of light scattering properties and a characteristic time of light propagation for polydisperse colloidal suspensions at different volume fractions. By the model equations, we examined numerical results using the first-order (dependent) scattering theory (FST) and radiative transfer theory in 600-980 nm wavelength. The model equations efficiently treat the interference of electric fields scattered from colloidal particles by a single effective coefficient, providing fast computation. Meanwhile, the FST provides accurate but complicated treatment. We found the interference effects on the scattering properties and characteristic time depend linearly on wavelength. Dimensionless analysis showed a simple mechanism of the interference effects, independently of wavelength and source-detector distance.
Locus filters
Authors: Deeb Rada , Finlayson Graham
Published: January 2022

In this paper, directly following from Gage [J. Opt. Soc. Am.23,46(1993)10.1364/JOSA.23.000046], we study the design of a particular theoretical filter for photography, that we call the locus filter. It is built in such a way that a Wien-Planckian light (of any temperature) is spectrally mapped to another Wien-Planckian light. We provide a physical basis for designing such a filter based on the Wien approximation of Planck’s law, and we prove that there exists a unique set of filters that have the desired property. While locus filtered Wien-Planckian lights are on the locus, the amount they shift depends both on the locus filter used and on the color temperature of the light. In experiments, we analyze the nature of temperature change when applying different locus filters and we show that real lights shift more or less as if they were Planckians in terms of the changes in their correlated color temperatures. We also study the quality of the filtered light in terms of distance from the Planckian locus and color rendering index.
Broadband high-efficiency polarization-encoded meta-holograms based on 3-bit spin-decoupled reflective meta-atoms
Authors: Zhang Qingyuan , Xie Rensheng , Gu Zhen , Zhang Hualiang , Chen Chang , Ding Jun , Chen Weidong
Published: January 2022

Metasurfaces are engineered planar surfaces consisting of arrays of resonators for tailoring the electromagnetic wavefronts in a desirable way. However, the spin-locked issue of the geometric metasurfaces hinders simultaneous manipulation of both spins. In this work, a spin-decoupled information metasurface composed of simple C-shaped resonators is proposed to realize two different information channels under the orthogonal circularly polarized (CP) incidences. Based on the encoded digit ‘0’ or ‘1’, the diffusion scattering or a holographic image could be realized under the CP excitation in a broadband frequency range from 9 to 12 GHz. As an illustrative example, a 3-bit polarization-encoded meta-hologram is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The measured results agree very well with the numerical results, which gives the proposed method great potential in numerous applications such as holographic displays and information processing.
Spatio-spectral couplings in saturated collinear OPCPA
Authors: Eichner Timo , Hülsenbusch Thomas , Dirkwinkel Julian , Lang Tino , Winkelmann Lutz , Palmer Guido , Maier Andreas R.
Published: January 2022

Ultrafast laser pulses featuring both high spatio-temporal beam quality and excellent energy stability are crucial for many applications. Here, we present a seed laser with high beam quality and energy stability, based on a collinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) stage, delivering 46 µJ pulses with a 25 fs Fourier limit at 1 kHz repetition rate. While saturation of the OPCPA stage is necessary for achieving the highest possible energy stability, it also leads to a degradation of the beam quality. Using simulations, we show that spectrally dependent, rotationally symmetric aberrations dominate the collinear OPCPA in saturation. We experimentally characterize these aberrations and then remove distinct spatial frequencies to greatly improve the spectral homogeneity of the beam quality, while keeping an excellent energy stability of 0.2 % rms measured over 70 hours.
Transverse Anderson localization of mid-infrared light in a chalcogenide transversely disordered optical fiber
Authors: Nakatani Asuka , Tong Hoang Tuan , Matsumoto Morio , Sakai Goichi , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake
Published: January 2022

We successfully fabricate a transversely disordered optical fiber made of AsSe2 and As2S5 glasses for high-resolution mid-infrared image transport. By using the fabricated fiber, we experimentally observe transverse Anderson localization of mid-infrared light at the wavelength of 3 µm. Moreover, we numerically evaluate the localization in the fiber by using a cross-sectional image of the fiber.
Polarization fading mitigation in distributed acoustic sensors based on a high-speed polarization rotator
Authors: Bakhtiari Gorajoobi Shahab , Masoudi Ali , Brambilla Gilberto
Published: January 2022

A distributed optical fiber acoustic sensor based on interferometric
demodulation technique with no polarization fading is demonstrated. A
polarization diversity scheme based on a high-speed polarization
rotator is used to eliminate signal fading due to polarization
mismatch in the Rayleigh backscattered signal between adjacent points
on the sensing fiber. This technique yields a spatially uniform
response to the applied strain. The sensor exhibited spatial and
strain resolutions of <4 m and <7 nɛ, respectively.
Visible to near infrared energy transfer in Ce3+, Yb3+ co-doped YAG crystal prepared by the co-precipitation method
Authors: Yue Kun , You Zhou , Ke Pan , Wen Jianxiang , Jia Ming , Wang Tingyun
Published: January 2022

Nanoscaled Ce3+, Yb3+ co-doped yttrium aluminum garnets (YAG: Ce3+, Yb3+) with Yb3+ concentration of 0–5 mol% were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The microstructure and surface morphology of the samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The energy transfer (ET) from Ce3+ to Yb3+ in YAG: Ce3+, Yb3+ was verified by excitation spectra, emission spectra, and the luminescence decay time. The maximum ET efficiency (ηET) and the theoretical total quantum efficiency (ηQE) reach 91.2% and 191.2%, respectively. The near infrared cathodoluminescence (CL) of Yb3+ was also investigated. Compared to the single-doped YAG: Ce3+, co-doped YAG: Ce3+, Yb3+ shows a 2.3 times higher emission intensity, demonstrating the possibility of the ET process in CL. The YAG: Ce3+, Yb3+ prepared by the co-precipitation method can be used as a potential scintillator for high energy radiation applications.
Demographic patterns of human antibody levels to Simulium damnosum s.l. saliva in onchocerciasis-endemic areas: An indicator of exposure to vector bites
Authors: Willen Laura , Milton Philip , Hamley Jonathan I. D. , Walker Martin , Osei-Atweneboana Mike Y. , Volf Petr , Basáñez Maria-Gloria , Courtenay Orin
Published: January 2022

Background

In onchocerciasis endemic areas in Africa, heterogenous biting rates by blackfly vectors on humans are assumed to partially explain age- and sex-dependent infection patterns with Onchocerca volvulus. To underpin these assumptions and further improve predictions made by onchocerciasis transmission models, demographic patterns in antibody responses to salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l. are evaluated as a measure of blackfly exposure.

Methodology/Principal findings

Recently developed IgG and IgM anti-saliva immunoassays for S. damnosum s.l. were applied to blood samples collected from residents in four onchocerciasis endemic villages in Ghana. Demographic patterns in antibody levels according to village, sex and age were explored by fitting generalized linear models. Antibody levels varied between villages but showed consistent patterns with age and sex. Both IgG and IgM responses declined with increasing age. IgG responses were generally lower in males than in females and exhibited a steeper decline in adult males than in adult females. No sex-specific difference was observed in IgM responses.

Conclusions/Significance

The decline in age-specific antibody patterns suggested development of immunotolerance or desensitization to blackfly saliva antigen in response to persistent exposure. The variation between sexes, and between adults and youngsters may reflect differences in behaviour influencing cumulative exposure. These measures of antibody acquisition and decay could be incorporated into onchocerciasis transmission models towards informing onchocerciasis control, elimination, and surveillance.
Rare variants in previously identified linkage regions associated with carotid plaque in Dominican Republic families
Authors: Dueker Nicole D. , Beecham Ashley , Wang Liyong , Dong Chuanhui , Sacco Ralph L. , Blanton Susan H. , Rundek Tatjana
Published: January 2022

Carotid plaque is a subclinical measure of atherosclerosis. We have previously shown measures of carotid plaque to be heritable in a sample of 100 Dominican families and found evidence for linkage and association of common variants (CVs) on 7q36, 11p15, 14q32 and 15q23 with plaque presence. Our current study aimed to refine these regions further and identify rare variants (RVs) influencing plaque presence. Therefore, we performed targeted sequencing of the one LOD unit down region on 7q36, 11p15, 14q32 and 15q23 in 12 Dominican families with evidence for linkage to plaque presence. Gene-based RV analyses were performed using the Sequence Association Test for familial data (F-SKAT) under two filtering algorithms; 1. all exonic RVs and 2. non-synonymous RVs. Replication analyses were performed using a sample of 22 Dominican families and 556 unrelated Dominicans with Exome Array data. To identify additional non-synonymous RVs influencing plaque, we looked for co-segregation of RVs with plaque in each of the sequenced families. Our most strongly associated gene with evidence for replication was AMPD3 which showed suggestive association with plaque presence in the sequenced families (exonic RV p = 0.003, nonsynonymous RV p = 0.005) and replication families (exonic RV p = 0.04, nonsynonymous RV p = 0.02). Examination of the sequenced family pedigrees revealed two missense variants on chromosome 11 which co-segregated with plaque presence in one of our families; rs61751342 (located in DENND2B), and rs61760882 (located in RNF141). The rs61751342 missense variant is an eQTL for SCUBE2 in the atrial appendage. Notably, SCUBE2 encodes a protein which interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 to regulate VEGF-induced angiogenesis, thus providing biologic plausibility for this gene in atherosclerosis. In conclusion, using targeted sequencing of previously-identified linkage regions, we have identified suggestive evidence for the role of RVs in carotid plaque pathogenesis.
Veterinary drug therapies used for undesirable behaviours in UK dogs under primary veterinary care
Authors: Craven Annabel J. , Pegram Camilla , Packer Rowena M. A. , Jarvis Susan , McGreevy Paul D. , Warnes Caroline , Church David B. , Brodbelt Dave C. , O’Neill Dan G.
Published: January 2022

Undesirable behaviours (UBs) in dogs are common and important issues with serious potential welfare consequences for both the dogs and their owners. This study aimed to investigate the usage of drug therapy for UBs in dogs and assess demographic risk factors for drug-prescribed UBs within the dog population under primary-care veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Dogs receiving drug therapy for UB were identified through the retrospective analysis of anonymised electronic patient records in VetCompass™. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling. The study population comprised 103,597 dogs under veterinary care in the UK during 2013. There were 413 drug-prescribed UBs recorded among 404 dogs. The prevalence of dogs with at least one UB event treated with a drug in 2013 was 0.4%. Multivariable modelling identified 3 breeds with increased odds of drug-prescribed UB compared with crossbred dogs: Toy Poodle (OR 2.75), Tibetan Terrier (OR 2.68) and Shih-tzu (OR 1.95). Increasing age was associated with increased odds of drug-prescribed UB, with dogs ≥ 12 years showing 3.1 times the odds compared with dogs < 3 years. Neutered males (OR 1.82) and entire males (OR 1.50) had increased odds compared with entire females. The relatively low prevalence of dogs with at least one UB event that was treated with a drug in 2013 could suggest that opportunities for useful psychopharmaceutical intervention in UBs may be being missed in first opinion veterinary practice. While bodyweight was not a significant factor, the 3 individual breeds at higher odds of an UB treated with a behaviour modifying drug all have a relatively low average bodyweight. The current results also support previous research of a male predisposition to UBs and it is possible that this higher risk resulted in the increased likelihood of being prescribed a behaviour modifying drug, regardless of neuter status.
Feeling moved by music: Investigating continuous ratings and acoustic correlates
Authors: Vuoskoski Jonna K. , Zickfeld Janis H. , Alluri Vinoo , Moorthigari Vishnu , Seibt Beate
Published: January 2022

The experience often described as feeling moved, understood chiefly as a social-relational emotion with social bonding functions, has gained significant research interest in recent years. Although listening to music often evokes what people describe as feeling moved, very little is known about the appraisals or musical features contributing to the experience. In the present study, we investigated experiences of feeling moved in response to music using a continuous rating paradigm. A total of 415 US participants completed an online experiment where they listened to seven moving musical excerpts and rated their experience while listening. Each excerpt was randomly coupled with one of seven rating scales (perceived sadness, perceived joy, feeling moved or touched, sense of connection, perceived beauty, warmth [in the chest], or chills) for each participant. The results revealed that musically evoked experiences of feeling moved are associated with a similar pattern of appraisals, physiological sensations, and trait correlations as feeling moved by videos depicting social scenarios (found in previous studies). Feeling moved or touched by both sadly and joyfully moving music was associated with experiencing a sense of connection and perceiving joy in the music, while perceived sadness was associated with feeling moved or touched only in the case of sadly moving music. Acoustic features related to arousal contributed to feeling moved only in the case of joyfully moving music. Finally, trait empathic concern was positively associated with feeling moved or touched by music. These findings support the role of social cognitive and empathic processes in music listening, and highlight the social-relational aspects of feeling moved or touched by music.
Topology of synaptic connectivity constrains neuronal stimulus representation, predicting two complementary coding strategies
Authors: Reimann Michael W. , Riihimäki Henri , Smith Jason P. , Lazovskis Jānis , Pokorny Christoph , Levi Ran
Published: January 2022

In motor-related brain regions, movement intention has been successfully decoded from in-vivo spike train by isolating a lower-dimension manifold that the high-dimensional spiking activity is constrained to. The mechanism enforcing this constraint remains unclear, although it has been hypothesized to be implemented by the connectivity of the sampled neurons. We test this idea and explore the interactions between local synaptic connectivity and its ability to encode information in a lower dimensional manifold through simulations of a detailed microcircuit model with realistic sources of noise. We confirm that even in isolation such a model can encode the identity of different stimuli in a lower-dimensional space. We then demonstrate that the reliability of the encoding depends on the connectivity between the sampled neurons by specifically sampling populations whose connectivity maximizes certain topological metrics. Finally, we developed an alternative method for determining stimulus identity from the activity of neurons by combining their spike trains with their recurrent connectivity. We found that this method performs better for sampled groups of neurons that perform worse under the classical approach, predicting the possibility of two separate encoding strategies in a single microcircuit.
The making of a (dog) movie star: The effect of the portrayal of dogs in movies on breed registrations in the United States
Authors: Weir Sarah , Kessler Sharon E.
Published: January 2022

The media is a powerful force that can affect the welfare of the domiciled dog population. Dogs have long been in human stories and their depictions can create demand for the breeds shown. While previous research has found that this effect can last for up to ten years after the release of a movie, how this phenomenon occurs is unknown. This paper examines if how a dog is portrayed in a movie is associated with a subsequent change in American Kennel Club breed registrations for that breed. Following a systematic literature review, four key themes were identified in how dogs are portrayed in the media; dogs portrayed as heroes, as anthropomorphised, as embodying the ideals of Western societies (Whiteness and heteronormativity) and as boundaries between wilderness and human society. Forty movies from between 1930 to 2004 were analysed, resulting in 95 dog characters scored, and hierarchical multiple linear regression was run. Movies with dogs portrayed as heroes were followed by significant increases in the number of American Kennel Club breed registrations for the breed shown, while anthropomorphised dogs were followed by significant decreases in the number of dogs registered for up to five years after a movie’s release. These results indicate that how dogs are portrayed may be an important driver of demand for breeds. Future work should investigate whether these portrayals may have negative welfare implications for real dogs by leading to owners having unrealistic expectations for dogs or increasing demand for dogs with in-breeding related disorders.
Trophic and symbiotic links between obligate-glacier water bears (Tardigrada) and cryoconite microorganisms
Authors: Zawierucha Krzysztof , Trzebny Artur , Buda Jakub , Bagshaw Elizabeth , Franzetti Andrea , Dabert Miroslawa , Ambrosini Roberto
Published: January 2022

Insights into biodiversity and trophic webs are important for understanding ecosystem functions. Although the surfaces of glaciers are one of the most productive and biologically diverse parts of the cryosphere, the links between top consumers, their diet and microbial communities are poorly understood. In this study, for the first time we investigated the relationships between bacteria, fungi and other microeukaryotes as they relate to tardigrades, microscopic metazoans that are top consumers in cryoconite, a biologically rich and productive biogenic sediment found on glacier surfaces. Using metabarcoding (16S rDNA for bacteria, ITS1 for fungi, and 18S rDNA for other microeukaryotes), we analyzed the microbial community structures of cryoconite and compared them with the community found in both fully fed and starved tardigrades. The community structure of each microbial group (bacteria, fungi, microeukaryotes) were similar within each host group (cryoconite, fully fed tardigrades and starved tardigrades), and differed significantly between groups, as indicated by redundancy analyses. The relative number of operational taxonomic units (ZOTUs, OTUs) and the Shannon index differed significantly between cryoconite and tardigrades. Species indicator analysis highlighted a group of microbial taxa typical of both fully fed and starved tardigrades (potential commensals), like the bacteria of the genera Staphylococcus and Stenotrophomonas, as well as a group of taxa typical of both cryoconite and fully fed tardigrades (likely part of the tardigrade diet; bacteria Flavobacterium sp., fungi Preussia sp., algae Trebouxiophyceae sp.). Tardigrades are consumers of bacteria, fungi and other microeukaryotes in cryoconite and, being hosts for diverse microbes, their presence can enrich the microbiome of glaciers.
Remdesivir and dexamethasone as tools to relieve hospital care systems stressed by COVID-19: A modelling study on bed resources and budget impact
Authors: Béraud Guillaume , Timsit Jean-François , Leleu Henri
Published: January 2022

Remdesivir and dexamethasone are the only drugs providing reductions in the lengths of hospital stays for COVID-19 patients. We assessed the impacts of remdesivir on hospital-bed resources and budgets affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. A stochastic agent-based model was combined with epidemiological data available on the COVID-19 outbreak in France and data from two randomized control trials. Strategies involving treating with remdesivir only patients with low-flow oxygen and patients with low-flow and high-flow oxygen were examined. Treating all eligible low-flow oxygen patients during the entirety of the second wave would have decreased hospital-bed occupancy in conventional wards by 4% [2%; 7%] and intensive care unit (ICU)-bed occupancy by 9% [6%; 13%]. Extending remdesivir use to high-flow-oxygen patients would have amplified reductions in ICU-bed occupancy by up to 14% [18%; 11%]. A minimum remdesivir uptake of 20% was required to observe decreases in bed occupancy. Dexamethasone had effects of similar amplitude. Depending on the treatment strategy, using remdesivir would, in most cases, generate savings (up to 722€) or at least be cost neutral (an extra cost of 34€). Treating eligible patients could significantly limit the saturation of hospital capacities, particularly in ICUs. The generated savings would exceed the costs of medications.