bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) associated with Ilex paraguarensis in Northeastern Argentina
Authors: Velázquez María Silvana , Fabisik Juan C. , Barrera Marcelo , Allegrucci Natalia , Valdez Fabricio , Abarca Camila Lucía , Cabello Marta
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The expansion and intensification of agriculture causes profound changes at a global scale, which generates a strong impact on crop productivity and consequently, a decrease in the biodiversity associated. Ilex paraguariensis, known as yerba mate, is a native species from South America and it has been introduced in the world market (e.g. Middle East, Europe, and United States) due to its multiple nutritional benefits and antioxidant properties. The association of plants of I. paraguarensis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), especially under field conditions, has been scarcely reported so far. Objective: The aim of this work was to assess the species composition, richness, spore density and diversity of Glomeromycota communities of yerba mate under different crop and natural conditions, seasonally over a 2-year period. Methods: Soil samples were extracted in winter and summer from five productive sites (situations 1-5), with contrasting crop conditions with regard to historical management, as a reference situation (situation 6). Spores were identified following morphological criteria. Results: Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae presented the highest spore densities in all sampling sites/ seasons/years. The lowest spore density and diversity index was recorded in 2014, when rainfall was higher than in 2013. Discussion: We reported Acaulospora capsicula detected by morphological analysis, for the first time in South America. Differences between years could be attributed to rainfall. This study contributes to the knowledge of the dynamics and factors that influence the structure of AMF communities over time. This information would be valuable to generate conservation strategies for this group of microorganisms, which are key to the sustainable development of yerba mate cultivation systems.
Berberina, curcumina y quercetina como potenciales agentes con capacidad antiparasitaria
Authors: Elizondo-Luévano Joel Horacio , Hernández-García Magda Elizabeth , Pérez-Narváez Oscar Alberto , Castro-Ríos Rocío , Chávez-Montes Abelardo
Published: October 2020

Introducción: El uso indiscriminado de agentes antiparasitarios ha resultado en el establecimiento de resistencia a ellos. Por lo cual es necesario el desarrollo de nuevas alternativas de tratamiento. Los productos naturales poseen diversas cualidades como posibles coadyuvantes en terapias contra distintos agentes etiológicos, entre los que destaca sus efectos antiparasitarios. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antiparasitaria, antioxidante, citotóxica y citoprotectora de Berberina (Ber), Curcumina (Cur) y Quercetina (Qr). Metodología: Se prepararon soluciones de Ber, Cur y Qr grado analítico y se realizaron alícuotas a diferentes concentraciones para su evaluación en contra de: Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis y Strongyloides venezuelensis, para ello, se determinó la concentración inhibitoria media (IC50), además se determinó la capacidad antioxidante (CE50) mediante la prueba de DPPH, ambos por la prueba de Probit. Mediante la técnica de hemólisis se determinó la actividad citotóxica y citoprotectora, se aplicó Anova y la prueba de Tukey para determinar la diferencia de las medias en los tratamientos evaluados. Resultados: Ber, Cur y Qr, presentaron actividad en contra de E. histolytica, T. vaginalis y S. venezuelensis in-vitro. Ber presentó IC50 de 1.7, 1.2 y 1.9 μM respectivamente siendo más efectivo en comparación de Cur con IC50 de 55.3, 40.6 y 13.7 μM o Qr con IC50 de 147.2, 93.2 y 110.9 μM, sin embargo, la mejor actividad antioxidante (EC50 = 1.1 μg/ml), citoprotectora y menos hemolítica, fue presentada por Qr (P < 0.001) en comparación con el control evaluado. Conclusiones: Los metabolitos de origen natural berberina, curcumina y quercetina, poseen actividad en contra de trofozoítos de E. histolytica, T. vaginalis y larvas de S. venezuelensis en dosis bajas comparables con los fármacos de referencia para el caso de Ber. Además, estos productos de origen natural, no sintético podrían ser objeto de futuras investigaciones para coadyuvar al tratamiento de parasitosis, ya que, en dosis bajas, mostraron actividad antioxidante sin mostrar hemólisis considerable en eritrocitos humanos.
Ferns and lycophytes from Lagoa do Peri Municipal Park, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Carmes Amanda Angélica , Dechoum Michele de Sá , Lima Duane Fernandes , de Gasper Andre Luís , B. Matos Fernando , Fiaschi Pedro
Published: October 2020

A checklist of ferns and lycophytes from the Lagoa do Peri Municipal Park (LPMP), an Atlantic Forest remnant in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, is presented. Collections were made from October 2015 to April 2016. Herbarium specimens were also analyzed. A total of 81 species of ferns and one lycophyte were found, belonging to 14 families and 42 genera. The most representative families were Polypodiaceae (21 spp.) and Pteridaceae (12 spp.). Among the species, 44% were terrestrial, 31% epiphytes, 29% rupicolous, and 2% hemi-epiphytes. Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching, an exotic invasive species, was recorded. The number of species found here is lower than reported for similar areas, likely due to anthropogenic activities around and within the park. The constant urbanization occurring around the LPMP emphasizes the importance of the park for conservation of the Atlantic Forest and for maintaining the diversity of ferns and lycophytes.
Archaeology and Dams in Southeastern Turkey
Authors: Marchetti Nicolò , Bitelli Gabriele , Franci Francesca , Zaina Federico
Published: October 2020

The construction of dams is an ever-growing threat to cultural heritage, particularly in an age of climate change and narrowly focused development policies. In analyzing as a case study three major reservoirs in the Middle Euphrates river valley in southeastern Turkey (Atatürk, Birecik and Karkam??), we developed a Post-Flooding Damage Assessment (PFDA) to evaluate the impact of dams on archaeological sites. Our PFDA, consisting of an analysis of cross-correlations between multi-temporal Landsat imagery, geographical spatial datasets and archaeological data from surveys and excavations, provides an unprecedented detailed overview of the loss of especially significant cultural landscapes, and also highlights the limited accuracy of pre-flooding archaeological surveys and excavations. We conclude with recommendations for improving how rescue archaeological projects targeting endangered cultural landscapes are designed, with an immediately achievable target of better documenting cultural heritage threatened by dams.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in a pediatric population: incidental findings
Authors: Daher Renato Tavares , Daher Murilo Tavares , Daher Ricardo Tavares , Rabahi Marcelo Fouad , Fernandes Marcos Rassi , Gama Hugo Pereira Pinto
Published: October 2020

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine in a paediatric population. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 190 spinal MRI examinations of patients aged ≤ 18 years of age. The study included only patients for whom complete medical records were available and who underwent complete MRI examination of the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine, including whole-spine sagittal T2-weighted sequences. Imaging findings not related to the symptom or indication for MRI were considered incidental findings. Results: Of the 190 MRI examinations evaluated, 110 were in women and 80 were in men. The mean age of the study population was 12.46 ± 3.68 years. The main clinical indications for MRI in the sample were lumbago, scoliosis, dorsalgia and cervicalgia. Incidental findings were detected in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine in 40 (21.05%), 26 (13.83%) and 43 (22.63%) of the patients, respectively. The most common were (in the cervical spine) reversal/correction of the normal curvature; (in the thoracic spine) intravertebral disc herniation (Schmorl’s node) and disc dehydration; and (in the lumbar spine) disc protrusion (12 cases), Schmorl’s node (5 cases) and spondylolysis (4 cases). Conclusion: Incidental findings on MRI of the spine are less common in the paediatric population than in the adult population. Nevertheless, careful clinical evaluation of paediatric patients with complaints of axial and radiating pain is necessary in order to determine the correlation between symptoms and imaging findings.
Business and Delays in Port Reform in Brazil
Authors: DOCTOR MAHRUKH
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT The case of port modernization reform in Brazil encapsules the problems Brazilian reformers face. Although reform legislation was passed in 1993 (Law 8.630/93), many obstacles remain for full implementation of its provision. This article focuses on how business attitudes and actions deferred reform, and demonstrates how business is unable to contribute to reform implementation because of institutional obstacles and collective action problems. It then suggests a mechanism to overcoming these difficulties; specifically, it examines the evolution of corporatism and the value of constructing democratic close-knit policy communities meeting the needs of each sector. The empirical work is complemented with an unusual combination of three theoretical approaches to explain the political economy of institutional modernization: institutional economics as developed by Douglass North, the logic of collective action as elaborated by Mancur Olson, and policy network analysis as developed by Marsh and Rhodes, Jordan and Richardson.
Reorganização Econômica, Absorção de Mão de Obra e Qualificação
Authors: DEDECCA CLAUDIO SALVADORI
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Nos anos 90, a sociedade brasileira conheceu um processo muito importante de mudanças econômicas e sociais. Após um longo período de desenvolvimento centrado no mercado interno e na base industrial local, foi adotada uma nova política econômica visando o aumento da competitividade da estrutura industrial. A nova dinâmica econômica induziu o crescimento da importação e reduziu a importância da base produtiva local para o nível do mercado interno. Essa dinâmica impôs reduções sistemáticas do nível formal de emprego. O governo argumenta que os problemas de emprego são explicados pelo nível reduzido de qualificação dos trabalhadores nacionais. Este artigo mostra que essa dinâmica se baseia na força de trabalho não qualificada. Reforça a baixa habilidade do mercado de trabalho brasileiro e não melhora a competitividade da base produtiva nacional. Não encontramos indicadores capazes de confirmar os argumentos da política econômica real.
“A medida da fome”: as escalas psicométricas de insegurança alimentar e os povos indígenas no Brasil
Authors: Athila Adriana Romano , Leite Maurício Soares
Published: October 2020

Validada para o contexto nacional brasileiro em 2004, a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA) tem desde então avaliado e mensurado a experiência de insegurança alimentar de domicílios rurais e urbanos, inicialmente na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios e posteriormente na Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde. No entanto, os povos indígenas não foram especificamente examinados nesses levantamentos, a despeito do reconhecimento das suas vulnerabilidades alimentar e nutricional. Nesse cenário, analisamos e discutimos a aplicação da EBIA entre povos indígenas do país, com base em um conjunto de questões aqui consideradas fundamentais para a compreensão e a mensuração de sua experiência de insegurança alimentar e “fome”. É realizada uma análise sociopolítica e etnográfica de um conjunto de documentos oficiais e artigos significativos sobre o uso de escalas psicométricas de insegurança alimentar entre povos indígenas brasileiros, em contraste com artigos internacionais sobre a validação e aplicação das escalas em outros contextos socioculturais. As iniciativas de adaptação e aplicação da EBIA aos contextos indígenas brasileiros indicam que compreender e mensurar a insegurança alimentar entre esses povos é um desafio de magnitude considerável. Particularmente complexa é a proposta de garantir a comparabilidade entre contextos distintos sem deixar de contemplar as plurais singularidades locais. Propomos que estudos etnográficos constituam componentes específicos de futuras iniciativas dedicadas ao tema, e que contemplem aspectos como a sazonalidade da produção de alimentos, seus processos diferenciais de monetarização e o dinamismo de seus sistemas alimentares.
Impact of the mHealth strategy in sodium consumption markers: AvaliaSal Study
Authors: PORTO Aline Silva , MARTINS Haysla Xavier , FARIA Carolina Perim de , MOLINA Maria del Carmen Bisi
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the effectiveness of mHealth strategy on sodium consumption markers. Methods Intervention study carried out with 175 adults (20-59 years), from an educational institution of Vitória, Espírito Santo State. Participants were made aware through posters, oral approach and electronic media. Anthropometric, hemodynamic, socioeconomic, health, and dietary practices data was collected in two stages. After the first assessment, participants were randomized into two groups: Intervention Group and Control Group. The Intervention Group included 21 electronic messages and 3 videos on healthy eating focusing on the goal to reduce sodium intake for 3 months. Behavioral changes were assessed using the Generalized Estimation Equation (p-value <0.05). Results At baseline, no significant differences in socioeconomic, anthropometric and health variables, and eating practices between groups were observed. The stock broth cube was the most used ready processed seasoning. After the intervention, a reduction in the use of stock broth was observed only in the intervention group (β=0.615; p=0.016). In addition, 73% of the intervention group participants reported that the messages were clear, 67% reported that they were useful, and 48% stated they followed the guidelines. Conclusion There was a reduction in the frequency of use of stock broth cubes, demonstrating the potential effect of the m-Health strategy on sodium consumption markers in individuals without a hypertension medical diagnosis.
Government-subsidized restaurants in Brazil: an evaluation within the framework of food and nutrition security
Authors: OLIVEIRA Juliana Theodora Cunha de , GABRIEL Cristine Garcia , VASCONCELOS Francisco de Assis Guedes de , MACHADO Mick Lennon , SOAR Claudia , FAGUNDES Andhressa
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to evaluate government-subsidized restaurants in southern Brazil according to current regulations and the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy. Methods An evaluation matrix was developed on the basis of a literature review, logic model, immersion in a government-subsidized restaurant, and workshops with experts in the field. The Government-Subsidized Restaurant Evaluation Matrix contemplates two dimensions: Political/Organizational, composed of the subdimensions Administration, Structure, and Target Groups; and Technical/Operational, composed of the subdimensions Meal Quality, Food and Nutrition Education, and Extended Social Support. Subdimensions comprised 24 indicators. Data were gathered through an online survey of the 35 government-subsidized restaurants operating in southern Brazil. Results Of the 35 government-subsidized restaurants in southern Brazil, 86% (n=30) participated in the study. Meal Quality and Administration received the highest score in 73% and 60% of government-subsidized restaurants, respectively, whereas Food and Nutrition Education and Extended Social Support received the lowest score in 47% and 40%, respectively. Conclusion Advances are needed in the understanding of government-subsidized restaurants as public facilities for ensuring food and nutrition security and the human right to adequate food.
Educação Médica durante a Pandemia da Covid-19: uma Revisão de Escopo
Authors: Santos Bruna Mascarenhas , Cordeiro Maria Eduarda Coelho , Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola , Ceccon Roger Flores
Published: October 2020

Resumo: Introdução: Os desafios impostos pela pandemia da Covid-19 à educação médica exigem novas estratégias pedagógicas para a formação de profissionais éticos, humanistas, críticos e reflexivos. Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias pedagógicas para a educação médica implementadas durante a pandemia da Covid-19 em diferentes países do mundo. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura acadêmica indexada em bases de dados internacionais, de acordo com a metodologia scoping review. As informações foram coletadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Web of Science e Scopus. Utilizaram-se as palavras-chave “Education, Medical” AND “Pandemics” OR “Coronavirus Infections”. Encontraram-se 1.350 artigos, dos quais 27 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram analisados. Resultados: Identificou-se que as estratégias pedagógicas para a educação médica durante a pandemia da Covid-19 são centradas no ensino remoto, com a utilização de plataformas digitais de educação a distância por meio da internet e da tecnologia. A literatura reconheceu a necessidade de envolvimento dos professores com o processo pedagógico, o planejamento das atividades e a identificação das plataformas digitais apropriadas. Não há consenso sobre a inserção dos estudantes nas atividades práticas. Os estudos evidenciaram a existência da educação a distância mesmo antes da pandemia e vinculação com a prática da telemedicina. A necessidade de os currículos de Medicina incluírem disciplinas de gerenciamento de pandemia com foco na saúde pública também foi identificado. Conclusão: As experiências encontradas estão concentradas em países de alta renda e desenvolvidos e são dependentes da internet e das tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Identificaram-se omissões acerca das limitações e fragilidades dessa nova estratégia pedagógica, especialmente a falta de acesso universal e igualitário aos meios digitais, a desconsideração de realidades minoritárias e subdesenvolvidas e a desvalorização das relações interpessoais essenciais à formação médica.
Ensino e Cuidado em Saúde LGBTI+: Reflexões no Contexto da Pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Lopes Junior Ademir , Raimondi Gustavo Antonio , Murta Daniela , Souza Tchayra Tatiane , Borret Rita Helena
Published: October 2020

Resumo: Introdução: As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de Graduação em Medicina (DCN) de 2014 definem que o(a) graduando(a) deve ser formado(a) para abordar a diversidade biológica, étnico-racial, de gênero e orientação sexual. Entretanto, essa temática costuma ser invisibilizada, reiterando a LGBTI+fobia institucional que perpetua desigualdades e iniquidades no ensino e cuidado em saúde. Essa situação se tornou mais explícita durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Objetivo: Analisar as DCN sob a ótica das diversidades de gênero e sexual, de modo a problematizar “o que” e “como” pode ser aprimorado na educação médica em relação às questões LGBTI+. Desenvolvimento: Considerando que a aprendizagem de adultos ocorre a partir da problematização de vivências do cotidiano, serão apresentados três casos relativos ao atual momento da pandemia da Covid-19, com base nos quais se podem abordar temas sobre a saúde LGBTI+ no curso médico. Após, serão problematizadas algumas competências específicas sobre saúde LGBTI+ que podem ser aprimoradas durante a formação médica, inclusive no período da pandemia da Covid-19, a fim de visibilizar a temática LGBTI+ no currículo como uma estratégia de combater a LGBTI+fobia na escola médica e promover o cuidado integral em saúde. Conclusão: É possível abordar sobre a saúde LGBTI+ a partir de situações vivenciadas durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Entretanto, é necessário ter clareza de como as DCN se traduzem em competências específicas sobre saúde LGBTI+. Essa pode ser uma das estratégias a fim de tornar os currículos mais acolhedores e compromissados com as necessidades de saúde dessa população.
Sinopse Taxonômica de Oxalidaceae no Estado de Alagoas, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Ykaro Richard , Abreu Maria Carolina de
Published: October 2020

RESUMO (Sinopse taxonômica de Oxalidaceae no Estado de Alagoas, Brasil). Este trabalho consiste no tratamento sinóptico da família Oxalidaceae no Estado de Alagoas, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram encontrados dois gêneros e 12 espécies: Averrhoa com uma espécie e Oxalis representado por 11 espécies. Oxalis neuwiedii Zucc. e O. triangularis A. St.-Hil. são registradas pela primeira vez para o Estado de Alagoas. São fornecidas chaves taxonômicas para o reconhecimento das espécies, bem como ilustrações e dados de distribuição.
Trayectorias de Desarrollo de la Competitividad Electoral Subnacional en las Alcaldías Colombianas: 1988-2015
Authors: Uribe Juan Federico Pino
Published: October 2020

RESUMEN Este artículo analiza la variación de la competitividad en las alcaldías de Colombia a partir de las reformas de profundización democrática (1986-1991) hasta las elecciones locales realizadas en 2015. Con este fin se utiliza el análisis de desarrollo basado en grupos. Este permitió identificar que la competitividad en alcaldías presenta cuatro trayectorias de desarrollo en el tiempo: Apertura, Cierre, Cierre y Apertura, Estabilidad. En estas se observa que, si bien algunos municipios aumentaron su nivel de competitividad, en la gran mayoría del país esta se mantuvo estable y no presenta mucha variación subnacional, mientras que en un menor número de municipios esta disminuyó. Este resultado demuestra que la competitividad local ha tenido un desarrollo heterogéneo a nivel temporal y territorial en Colombia. Con base en esta información se realizaron cuatro estudios de caso para identificar exploratoriamente las causas que podrían explicar la variación de la competitividad aquí analizada. Los estudios de caso realizados través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y visitas de campo permitieron identificar de manera exploratoria algunos factores que han incidido en la variación de la competitividad como la presencia de estructuras políticas patrimonialistas en el nivel local, la violencia política y los enlaces entre los políticos del ámbito local y nacional.
BODY COMPOSITION IMPACT ON SURVIVAL AND TOXICITY OF TREATMENT IN PANCREATIC CANCER: CROSS-SECTIONAL PILOT STUDY
Authors: BARRÈRE Ana Paula Noronha , PIOVACARI Silvia Maria Fraga , USÓN JUNIOR Pedro Luiz Serrano , GANSL Rene Claudio , PEREIRA Andrea Z , HAMERSCHLAK Nelson
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Weight loss and body composition changes are common in patients with pancreatic cancer. Computed tomography (CT) images are helpful to investigate body composition and its changes and to discriminate the different kinds of body tissues. Patients with pancreatic cancer routinely undergo CT scans. OBJECTIVE: To verify the association of muscle mass and visceral fat measured by CT with toxicity and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS: We evaluated the imaging of the abdomen of all consecutive adult patients with pancreatic cancer treated between October 2007 and September 2015 in our service, to assess skeletal muscle mass and fat, intramuscular fat and visceral fat. We graded treatment toxicity symptoms according to the Common Toxicity Criteria of the United States National Cancer Institute (version 2.0). RESULTS: The study involved 17 patients, with a mean age of 63 (±10) years (range: 51-73 years). Eleven (65%) were male. The mean initial body mass index (BMI) was 26 kg/m2 (±3) and 23 kg/m2 (±3) after treatment. The mean weight loss was 10.0 kg (±6.8; 13%). Sarcopenia was present in 47% of patients, and it was not associated with significant differences in muscle mass, visceral fat, toxicity or survival. The mean skeletal muscle attenuation was 36 Hounsfield units, not associated with survival or treatment toxicity. Mean muscle mass was not associated with toxicity either. However, there was a significant inverse association between toxicity and visceral fat. CONCLUSION: Muscle mass had no impact on the survival or on treatment toxicity among the patients with pancreatic cancer. However, the visceral fat exerted a protective effect against the treatment toxicity. We stress the importance of further studies on visceral fat associated with prognosis and toxicity in cancer patients.
USE OF METABOLOMICS TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: LINS NETO Manoel Álvaro de Freitas , VERDI Giulia Maria Ximenes , VERAS Arthur de Oliveira , VERAS Matheus de Oliveira , CAETANO Luiz Carlos , URSULINO Jeferson Santana
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the primary inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and its pathogenesis is related to genetic and environmental factors. Currently, the diagnosis of IBD results in a multidisciplinary approach with significant disadvantages, such as its invasive nature, time spent, and the fact that 10% of patients remain without diagnostic classification. However, new methodologies of analysis have emerged that allowed the expansion of knowledge about IBD, as the metabolomics, the study of metabolites. The presence and prevalence of such metabolites may prove to be useful as biomarkers in the diagnosis of IBD. OBJECTIVE: Analyze fecal samples for metabolic analysis in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), providing differentiation between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. METHODS: This is an observational study with 21 patients diagnosed with IBD (ulcerative colitis 11 and Crohn’s disease 10) and 15 healthy controls, all with the consent and clarification. The fecal extracts of all patients are submitted to a high-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Hydrogen (1H-NMR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate and univariate pattern recognition techniques. Through the metabolomics of fecal extracts, gives us a characterization of employing a noninvasive approach. RESULTS: We identify some metabolites, such as lactate, succinate, alanine, and tyrosine, in the Crohn’s disease fecal samples, and leucine, alanine, and tyrosine in the ulcerative colitis fecal samples. All the amino acids presented positive covariance for disease correlation. CONCLUSION: The results showed different metabolic profiles between IBD patients and healthy volunteers based on 1H-NMR analysis of fecal extracts. Moreover, the approach discriminated patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The metabolomics analysis is promising as a novel diagnostic technique for further IBD recognition and surveillance. New studies are necessary to validate these findings.
Escola de qualidade para todos revisitada: desfolhando as camadas da cebola
Authors: Gomes Cândido Alberto
Published: October 2020

Resumo Este trabalho reformula e atualiza artigo anterior, publicado por esta Revista, buscando captar a complexidade dos sistemas educacionais em seus diversos componentes. As pesquisas e ensaios foram identificados em várias bases de dados e em busca manual, com foco na Educação Básica, no período de 2016 em diante. Uma vez selecionados e analisados, fundamentaram este texto. O princípio orientador é o direito humano à Educação, pautado pela sua universalidade e igualdade. Com a metáfora da cebola, os resultados formam um percurso do contexto até aos grupos de colegas nas escolas. A proposta é a de uma visão alternativa à do insumo-produto, capaz, segundo a expectativa, de captar mais a complexidade da Educação. Seguem-se a exposição e análise das investigações, privilegiando-se, sempre que adequado, os seus efeitos no êxito do estudante.
Neural Machine Translation: A Review
Authors: Stahlberg Felix
Published: October 2020

The field of machine translation (MT), the automatic translation of written text from one natural language into another, has experienced a major paradigm shift in recent years. Statistical MT, which mainly relies on various count-based models and which used to dominate MT research for decades, has largely been superseded by neural machine translation (NMT), which tackles translation with a single neural network. In this work we will trace back the origins of modern NMT architectures to word and sentence embeddings and earlier examples of the encoder-decoder network family. We will conclude with a short survey of more recent trends in the field.
Maintaining critical infrastructure safety during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Shaw Nick
Published: October 2020

Keeping critical infrastructure such as nuclear sites operational and safe during the Covid-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented challenge. Nick Shaw of the Hazards Forum reports on a recent webinar which discussed how the challenges were met.
How the updated BS 5930 code on ground investigations now fits with Eurocode 7
Authors: Norbury David
Published: October 2020

In July 2020, the UK national standards body BSI amended the BS 5930 code of practice for ground investigations. David Norbury of the drafting committee explains how this long-established geotechnical code has evolved and how it now relates to the Eurocode 7 standard.
Implantation of a pelvic nerve array in rats_original from SP v1
Authors: B Fallon James , Payne Sophie , R Keast Janet , B Osborne Peregrine
Published: October 2020

A pelvic nerve array is custom designed for implantation onto the pelvic nerve of male rats. This device is used for long-term (recovery) experiments. The device can electrically stimulate the pelvic nerve as well as record electrically evoked or spontaneous neural activity. Previously, we have successfully implanted rats for 2 months with no reports of biological adverse complications or damage sustained to the array. The surgical procedure is performed under anesthesia and should incorporate all local requirements for standards of animal experimentation, including methods of anesthesia, surgical environment, and post-operative monitoring and care.
Pelvic nerve implantation, testing and processing in awake rats v1
Authors: B Fallon James , Payne Sophie , B Osborne Peregrine , R Keast Janet
Published: October 2020

This collection describes the procedures required to implant a pelvic nerve array and bladder catheter into male Sprague-Dawley rats as well as cystometry and electrophysiological testing in awake animals. This collection includes protocols for: STAGE 1: Implantation of a pelvic nerve array in rats STAGE 2: Cystometry in awake rats STAGE 3: Electrophysiological recording of electrically-evoked compound action potentials
Implantation of a pelvic nerve array in rats v1
Authors: B Fallon James , Payne Sophie , R Keast Janet , B Osborne Peregrine
Published: October 2020

A pelvic nerve array is custom designed for implantation onto the pelvic nerve of male rats. This device is used for long-term (recovery) experiments. The device can electrically stimulate the pelvic nerve as well as record electrically evoked or spontaneous neural activity. Previously, we have successfully implanted rats for 2 months with no reports of biological adverse complications or damage sustained to the array. The surgical procedure is performed under anesthesia and should incorporate all local requirements for standards of animal experimentation, including methods of anesthesia, surgical environment, and post-operative monitoring and care.
PCR Cloning with Blue/White Selection--CHEM 584 v1
Authors: Christensen Ken , not provided Promega , Wagner Trevor
Published: October 2020

Protocol for PCR Cloning with Blue/White Selection and Easy Insert Excision using pGEM®-T Easy Vector Systems. (For use with A3600, A3610, A1360, or A1380.)
Lab 5--Cloning a PCR Fragment into a Plasmid (Paper Activity) v1
Authors: King Harley
Published: October 2020

This activity includes a pdf containing instructions for creating a paper plasmid and PCR fragment (gene of interest). I remember doing this with undergraduates with another professor but I couldn't find a similiar activity online. So I recreated it. This paper activity helps students with: 1) scanning and finding restriction sites 2) contemplating sticky end vs blunt digestion 3) visualizing cloning concepts using tactile materials
DNA Clean & Concentrator-5--CHEM 584 v1
Authors: Christensen Ken
Published: October 2020

Product Description The DNA Clean & Concentrator™-5 (DCC™-5) provides a hassle-free method for the rapid purification and concentration of high-quality DNA from PCR, endonuclease digestions, cell lysates, and other impure DNA preparations. It can also be used for post-RT cDNA clean-up and purification of sequencing-ready DNA from M13 phage. Simply add the specially formulated DNA Binding Buffer to your sample and transfer the mixture to the supplied Zymo-Spin™ Column. There is no need for organic denaturants or chloroform. Instead, the product features Fast-Spin column technology to yield DNA that is free of salts and contaminants in just 2 minutes. The purified DNA is ideal for DNA ligation, sequencing, labeling, PCR, microarray, transfection, transformation, and restriction digestion procedures.
Expression and Purification of TailSpike 1 (TSP1) Protein from E. coli v1
Authors: King Harley
Published: October 2020

This protocoll adds greater clarity and stepwise-discriptions regarding the purification of tailspike protein 1 (TSP1). The structure of TSP1 is 4OJ5.
Meeting of obstetric and gynecological societies. Protocol No. 5
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: October 2020

Protocol No. 5. Meeting on May 14, 1898. Chaired by D. 0. Ott.
Comparative assimilation of female and cow's milk by newborns
Authors: Michel Ch.
Published: October 2020

Abstracts. Review of Obstetric and Gynecological literature: French.Ch. Michel. Utilization des materiaux nutritifs du lait. Comparaison, chez le nourrisson, des deux modes d'alimentation: lait de femme et lait de vache . (La France medicale. 1898, No. 26, p. 402) . Comparative assimilation of female and cow's milk by newborns.Examining feces and urine after feeding only female milk in 5 boys 5-15 days of age, the author found the following. Kal, yellow in fresh condition, after a while took a greenish color and did not emit any stench.
About the use of high forceps, especially with a narrow pelvis
Authors: Khazan S. Yu.
Published: October 2020

Being, as shown by a small percentage of the general use of forceps (1.9%) in the second Budapest clinic, a fully convinced supporter of conducting childbirth without internal interference, the author, however, cannot agree with the view of Mnchmeuer that even high forceps give good results for both mothers and fetuses.
Are prophylactic sleeve douching necessary before and after childbirth?
Authors: Кохъ Р.
Published: October 2020

Having cited the opinions of various authors on this issue, the author conveys the results of his five-year observations. In 612 deliveries, neither before nor after the delivery, the sleeves were not washed.
İLKÖĞRETİM MATEMATİK ÖĞRETMENİ ADAYLARININ MATEMATİĞİN DOĞASINA YÖNELİK DÜŞÜNCELERİ
Authors: Gedik Altun Solmaz Damla , Özlem Yazlık Derya
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul matematik öğretmen adaylarının matematiğin
doğasına ilişkin düşüncelerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırma
nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim modeli ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın
katılımcılarını 21 dördüncü sınıf matematik öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır.
Bunların 5’i erkek, 16’sı ise kızdır. Araştırmanın verileri 6 açık uçlu sorudan
oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler
içerik analizi yöntemi ile iki araştırmacı tarafından analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular incelendiğinde katılımcıların matematiği genellikle günlük hayatı
kolaylaştıran, soyut kavramlardan oluşan bir bilim dalı olarak tanımladıkları
görülmüştür. Katılımcıların çoğu matematiğin bir bilim olduğunu savunurken,
sadece ikisi kendi düşüncelerini beyan etmeyerek matematiği araç olarak kabul
edenlere göre bilim olmadığını, amaç olarak kabul edenlere göre de bilim
olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcılar matematiksel bilginin temelinin daha
çok ihtiyaca, araştırmaya, mantığa ve keşfe dayandığını belirtmişlerdir. Bunun
yanında katılımcıların matematiğin yığılmalı, ihtiyaçlar ve mantıksal
çıkarımlardan geliştiği görüşünde oldukları görülmüştür. Ayrıca katılımcıların
çoğunluğunun matematiğin günlük hayat ve diğer disiplinlerle ilişkili olduğunu
düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda elde edilen veriler genel
olarak incelendiğinde, katılımcıların matematiğin tanımına ve doğasına yönelik
derinlemesine cevaplar veremedikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle öğretmen
yetiştirme programlarında matematiğin doğası ve matematiksel düşünmenin önemine
dair tartışmalara her sınıf düzeyinde yer verilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
YILLIK FİNANSAL RAPORLARIN İŞLETMELERİN PİYASA DEĞERLİLİĞİNE ETKİSİNİN OLAY ÇALIŞMASI YÖNTEMİYLE İNCELENMESİ: BİST HABERLEŞME SEKTÖRÜNDE UYGULAMA
Authors: Demirkol Ömer Faruk , İkvan Abdulrezzak
Published: October 2020

İşletmeler tarafından paylaşılan finansal raporların paydaşların işletmeye ilişkin bilgi gereksinimlerine kaynak teşkil ettiği görülmektedir. Paydaşların işletme ile ilgili alacakları kararlarda işletmelerin kamuoyuna açıkladıkları finansal raporlar önemli bir rol üstlenmektedirler. Ayrıca işletmelerin finansal durum ve performanslarını yansıtan bu raporların açıklanması, piyasa değerleri üzerinde muhtemel etkilere sebep olmaktadır. Çalışmada BİST Haberleşme endeksinde işlem gören işletmelerin finansal tablo paylaşımlarının piyasa değerleri üzerindeki etkisini olay çalışması yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmada işletmelerin finansal bilgilerini kamuoyuyla paylaşmalarının öncesinde ve sonrasında piyasa değerini temsil eden hisse senedi değerlerinin ortalama piyasa endeks değerinden ayrışan hareketlilikleri temele alınmıştır. İşletmelerin finansal tablolarını paylaşmalarına müteakip hisse değerlerinin piyasa endeksi değerinden olumlu veya olumsuz şekilde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Finansal bilgi sunumların paydaşlar açısından dikkate değer olduğu ve kararlarını etkilediği görülmektedir. Ayrıca bu durum piyasaların etkin düzeyde olmadıklarını da göstermektedir. İşletmelerin kamuoyuna sundukları finansal tablolarının paydaşların kararları üzerindeki etkilerini göz önünde bulundurarak bilgi paylaşımlarını ve zamanlamasını iyi yönetmeleri gerekmektedir.
MÖ 3. VE 2. BİNYILLARDA MEZOPOTAMYA’DA SULAMA KANALLARI VE TOPLUMSAL YAŞAMA ETKİLERİ
Authors: Bulut Esra , Kurt Mehmet
Published: October 2020

Mezopotamya’nın zirai hayatında sulama kanalları önemli bir yer tutmakta olup söz konusu kanalların inşasında bölgede yılın büyük bir bölümünde kuraklığın hüküm sürmesinin etkisi büyüktür. Kanalların inşasında Fırat ve Dicle nehirleri ile kollarının geçtiği sahaların uygun topografyası kolaylaştırıcı bir etken olmuştur. Ancak topografyanın kanal açmaya uygun yapısı tek başına yeterli olmayıp bu iş organize bir gücün varlığını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında kanalların inşası ve işleyişinde bu işi organize eden idareciler, kanal açma işinde fiziki gücü oluşturan işçiler, kanal açılacak alanlarda oldukça detaylı hesaplamalar yapan kâtiplerin yanı sıra bakım ve onarımını üstlenen halk oldukça örgütlü bir yapı oluşturmuşlardır. Mezopotamya’da sulama kanallarının aktif olarak kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla tarımsal üretimden elde edilen hasat oranında büyük bir artış meydana gelmiştir. Bunun dışında kanalların balıkçılık faaliyetleri açısından da önemli bir işleve sahip olduğu ele alınan dönemlere ait yazılı kaynaklardan bilinmektedir. Diğer taraftan Mezopotamya’daki yerleşimler arasında yapılan ticari faaliyetlerin de zaman zaman kanallar kullanılmak suretiyle yapılmış olduğu kaynakların verdiği bilgilerden anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada MÖ 3. ve 2. binyıllarda yazılı ve arkeolojik kaynakları ışığında Mezopotamya’daki sulama kanallarının bölgenin ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel ve siyasal yapısına etkisi ele alınmıştır.
ARAS-KURA KAPALI HAVZASININ ORTALAMA SICAKLIK, YAĞIŞ VE AKIM VERİLERİNİN TREND ANALİZİ (TÜRKİYE)
Authors: Coşkun Sevda
Published: October 2020

Çalışmanın alan kapsamını Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan Aras-Kura kapalı havzası oluşturmaktadır. Aras ve Kura akarsuları Türkiye’nin sınırı aşan suları içerisinde yer almakta olup Azerbaycan’da birleştikten sonra Hazar Gölüne dökülmektedir. Çalışmanın konu kapsamını; havza içerisinde 30 yıldan fazla rasata sahip (1970-2018) 7 meteoroloji istasyonunun (Ardahan, Arpaçay, Sarıkamış, Doğubeyazıt, Horasan, Iğdır, Kars) ortalama sıcaklık, toplam yağış ve 4 akım gözlem istasyonunun (Kağızman, Şahnalar, Güvercinkaya, Sarısu Nonak) akım verileri (1970-2015) kullanılarak trend analizi yapmak oluşturmaktadır. Havza genelinde uzun yıllar boyunca ölçüm yapan meteoroloji ve akım gözlem istasyonlarının aylık ölçülmüş ortalama sıcaklık, yağış ve akım verileri ele alınarak bu verilerin yıllık ve mevsimlik eğilimlerini analiz etmek araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Kapalı havzalarda iklim parametrelerindeki değişikliğin daha kolay fark edileceği düşüncesiyle böyle bir konu seçilmiştir. Ayrıca ulusal ve uluslararası literatüre iklim değişikliği çalışmaları üzerine bir katkı ve bir Türkiye örneğinin daha kazandırılması istenmiştir. Araştırmada yöntem olarak Mann-Kendall Testi ve Spearman’ın Rho Testi temel alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre havza genelinde ortalama sıcaklıklarda anlamlı artışlar gözlenirken yağış olarak Ardahan ve Kars meteoroloji istasyonlarında anlamlı artışa rastlanmış diğer istasyonlarda ise bir eğilim gözlenmemiştir. Akım gözlem istasyonlarından Kağızman istasyonunda akımda anlamlı artış, Sarısu Nonak istasyonunda anlamlı azalış, diğer istasyonlarda ise bir eğilime rastlanmamıştır. Havza genelinde gözlenen sıcaklık artışları yağış ve akım üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır.
OSMANLI YÖNETİMİNDEN FRANSIZ MANDA İDARESİNE KADAR LÜBNANDA DÜRZİ-MARUNÎ MÜCADELESİ
Authors: Ekici Yunus
Published: October 2020

Bu makalede bağımsızlık öncesi döneme kadar Lübnan’da yaşanan siyasi ve etnik çatışmalar üzerinde durulmuştur. 16. yüzyıl itibari ile Osmanlı egemenliği altına giren Lübnan, I. Dünya Harbine kadar yaklaşık 400 yıl süreyle Osmanlı Devleti tarafından yönetilmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin yürütmüş oldukları genel siyasetleri çerçevesinde hayli özgür bir idareye ait bütün din ve yaşayışların serbest bir şekilde yerine getirildiği bu dönemde, ülkede en güçlü iki mezhep olan Marunîler ve Dürzîler bulunmaktadır. Bu iki grup arasında 19. yüzyılda kızışmış olan çekişme 1840 ve 1860 yıllarında bir çeşit iç çatışmalara dönüşmüş ve neticede Osmanlı Devleti Lübnan’da din esasına dayalı çeşitli siyasal yönetim biçimleri oluşturmuşlardır. I. Dünya Savaşı sonucunda Osmanlı Devleti parçalanınca, uzun süreden beridir bölgede gözü olan Fransa, 1920 yılından itibaren Lübnan’ı manda ve himayesi altına almıştır.
Análise econômica das candidaturas laranjas de mulheres no processo eleitoral: entre a igualdade de gênero na política e o direito fundamental a eleições livres de fraudes (Comentários à ADI 6.338)
Authors: Simões Nascimento Roberta
Published: October 2020

O artigo examina desde o ponto de vista da análise econômica do direito e da teoria feminista do direito a discussão suscitada na recém ajuizada ADI n. 6.338, sobre qual deve ser a abrangência da norma do art. 22, inciso XIV, da LC n. 64/90, que dispõe sobre as hipóteses de inelegibilidades e vem embasando interpretação quanto à cassação de todos os candidatos da chapa ou da coligação beneficiados pela fraude nas candidaturas femininas (mediante a inclusão de “candidaturas laranjas”), e não apenas dos diretamente envolvidos na fraude. A análise econômica do direito é usada para explorar os efeitos das possíveis interpretações sobre a norma em referência, bem como os incentivos perversos de uma eventual decisão que restrinja a abrangência da norma impugnada, determinando que a cassação deva se limitar àqueles comprovadamente responsáveis pela conduta fraudulenta. Por seu turno, a teoria feminista do direito é empregada para justificar a promoção de políticas púbicas voltadas para tornar efetiva a igualdade na representação política e também para debater os métodos jurídicos e verificar em quais sentidos o direito deve considerar o gênero dos que serão beneficiados ou prejudicados pela interpretação conferida às normas jurídicas. Essas considerações têm o objetivo de mapear o cenário dos debates sobre a igualdade de gênero na política, reconstruir o direito fundamental a eleições livres de fraudes e apontar o caminho para a futura decisão a ser tomada pelo STF sobre cassar ou não todos os candidatos, inclusive os não envolvidos com as candidaturas laranjas de sua coligação.
HEART OF THE MOUNTAIN
Authors: Bickel Barbara A , Fisher R. Michael
Published: October 2020

This arts-based co-inquiry engages the intersection of the Western medical-based world/reality and the Natural world/reality. To bridge these worlds the co-authors utilize a spiritual-based trance-formative practice using trance and arts-based inquiry. Instigated by a diagnosis and open-heart surgery of one of the co-authors, the purpose of their project is to offer an example of how a relational approach embracing Nature and art within a connective aesthetic of co-inquiry can offer deep healing and renewal. This spirit healing transcends the physical recovery from the medical intervention, extending a fearful experience into a gift of fearlessness. The writing weaves theoretical, dialogical script, images and poetic texts with an invitation to experience an eight minute art video that includes poetic voice, improvised vocal sounding, visual art and narrative reflection. The story explores the areas of intimate wit(h)nessing, therapeutic resilience and transformative learning at the physical, emotional and spiritual levels.
A SET OF VILLANELLES IN RESPONSE TO
Authors: Mackinlay Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

In this review of (Re)birthing the feminine in academe: Creating spaces of motherhood in patriarchal contexts (2020) edited by L. Henderson, A. L. Black and S.Garvis), I take a poetic-is-personal-is-political approach in the form of a series of villanelles. Villanelle is a highly structured poetic form comprised of five tercets followed by a quatrain, with two repeating rhymes and two refrains. The fixed form of the villanelle is taken in this review to represent the highly structured and strictured institution of the university and yet turned around and made subversive through a creative and critical feminist language of maternity—much like the villanus origins of the word itself.