bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous or Discrete, That Is the Question: A Survey on Large Multi-Modal Models from the Perspective of Input-Output Space Extension
Authors: Li Zejun , Zhang Jiwen , Wang Dianyi , Wang Ye , Huang Xuanjing , Wei Zhongyu
Published: November 2024

With the success of large language models (LLMs) driving progress towards general-purpose AI, there has been a growing focus on extending these models to multi-modal domains, giving rise to large multi-modal models (LMMs). Unlike existing reviews that focuses on specific model frameworks or scenarios, this survey summarizes and provides insights into the current research on LMMs from a more general perspective, \textbf{input-output space extension}. Particularly, we discuss the following questions: (i) How to construct multi-modal input-output spaces with discretely or continuously encoded modality signals? (ii) How to design model architectures and corresponding training strategies to align the constructed multi-modal representation space? (iii) How to comprehensively evaluate LMMs based on the expanded input-output space? We hope to provide an intuitive and comprehensive overview and inspire future work.
Comparative Analysis of Diagnostic Performance Between Elastography and AI-Based S-Detect for Thyroid Nodule Detection
Authors: Park Jee-Yeun , Yang Sung-Hee
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of elastography and AI-based S-detect in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: This retrospective study included 159 patients who underwent thyroid ultrasonography and were found to have thyroid nodules at an outpatient clinic from January 2023 to June 2024. All patients underwent elastography, S-detect, and fine needle aspiration cytology. Malignancy status was determined based on the fine needle aspiration cytology findings, and the diagnostic performance of elastography (elasticity contrast index), S-detect, and evaluations by a radiologist were assessed. Results: Radiologist interpretation showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve 89%), with a sensitivity of 98.28%, specificity of 79.21%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 73.1%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.8%. The of elasticity contrast index was rated with a diagnostic accuracy of 85%, sensitivity of 87.93%, specificity of 81.19%, PPV of 72.9%, and NPV of 92.1%. S-detect had the lowest diagnostic accuracy at 78%, with a sensitivity of 87.93%, specificity of 68.32%, PPV of 61.4%, and NPV of 90.8%. Conclusions: Elastography and S-detect are promising adjunctive diagnostic tools for thyroid nodules that may reduce repeat tests and invasive procedures.
Assessment and Evaluation of Learning Styles: A Review of Instruments and Methods
Authors: Idowu Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

Understanding and catering to individual learning styles has become an important focus in education, aimed at enhancing student engagement, retention, and achievement by aligning instructional methods with learners' preferences. This review examines a range of instruments and methods used for assessing and evaluating learning styles, analyzing their theoretical foundations, effectiveness, and applicability across diverse educational contexts. Commonly used tools such as the VARK (Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, Kinesthetic) questionnaire, the Kolb Learning Style Inventory, the Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model, and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) are evaluated for their reliability, validity, and relevance in modern pedagogy.While these tools offer educators insights into student preferences, each assessment method has unique limitations. For instance, learning style inventories may lack empirical support for improving educational outcomes and can risk oversimplifying complex cognitive and behavioral traits. Furthermore, the assumption that learning styles are fixed can hinder the development of flexible learning strategies in students. This paper explores alternative approaches, such as formative assessments, self-reflection techniques, and dynamic assessment models, which emphasize adaptability and growth over fixed categorizations.The review also addresses criticisms of the learning styles approach, including the "learning styles myth," which questions the existence of distinct learning styles that predict academic success. Despite these criticisms, understanding learning preferences can still provide value by encouraging differentiated instruction, which promotes student engagement and agency in the learning process. Future research should focus on developing more evidence-based tools that account for the dynamic nature of learning and integrate multiple dimensions of cognitive, social, and emotional factors.This paper concludes by highlighting best practices for using learning style assessments within a comprehensive instructional strategy, emphasizing the importance of flexibility, empirical grounding, and the integration of multiple assessment methods to foster a well-rounded educational experience.
Erlotinib Improves the Response of Glioblastoma Cells Resistant to Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Olthoff Karen , Nigra Ayelén D. , Milla Sanabria Laura Natalia
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly type of brain cancer in adults. Dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), contributes to therapeutic resistance. Drugs that inhibit tyrosine kinase activity and monoclonal an-tibodies against EGFR are strategies used in clinical trials. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a tumor treatment that involves the administration of a photosensitizing drug, followed by its activation with visible light, which causes cell death due to oxidative stress. Although PDT helps prolong median survival in patients with GBM, complete remission has not been achieved. Populations of GBM cells have been obtained from the T98G line resistant to PDT with methyl-5-aminolevulinic acid (Me-ALA) for characterization, comparing them with the original parental population. In order to understand the response of PDT-resistant GBM cells to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib, cell viability was measured (MTT) after PDT combined with erlotinib in parental and resistant cells. Also, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) content was measured (flow cytometry) combining Me-ALA with erlotinib. Spheroid growth and migration assays were performed when parental and resistant cells were incubated with erlotinib. It has been observed that the administration of the EGFR inhibitor drug in combination with PDT reduced viability in resistant populations compared to PDT alone. Furthermore, the PpIX content was increased in the resistant population when cells were incubated with Me-ALA and erlotinib. Erlotinib prevented cell proliferation of parental and resistant spheroids. Wound closure was reduced in both parental and PDT-resistant populations. Our results indicate that EGFR activation would be relevant in the resistance of GBM cells to PDT.
Trends in Sleep Quality and Depression from 2020 to 2024 Among University of Georgia Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Saad Waseem , Mgbedo Nnaemeka , Adeboye Simisola , Gogichadze Mariam , Odzelashvili Inga , Manjavidze Tinatin
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Poor sleep quality and depression are interconnected factors impacting university students' well-being, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined trends in sleep quality and depressive symptoms among University of Georgia students from 2020 to 2024. A cross-sectional study used secondary data from 2020, and primary data collected in 2024. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to assess sleep quality and depression. 1,090 students completed the PSQI, and 387 completed the BDI-II. Extracted data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v23.0, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and independent t-tests. The proportion of female students was higher than males in 2020 (70.6%) and 2024 (75.5%). Male students reported slightly higher PSQI scores than females, with a mean of 7.23 (SD = 9.3) in 2020 and 7.65 (SD = 12.4) in 2024. Georgian students had poorer sleep than internationals (t(474) = 1.587, p < .0001). Poor sleepers (PSQI >6) increased from 57.3% in 2020 to 67.1% in 2024, while mean BDI-II scores rose slightly (12.9 to 13.2). However, independent t-tests showed no significant differences in mean PSQI (p = 0.28) or BDI-II (p = 0.63) scores. COVID-19 positivity worsened PSQI scores in 2020 only. The study shows a trend of worsening sleep quality and depressive symptoms over time, despite no statistically significant differences in mean scores. This suggests that while poor sleep and depression seem to be increasing, the changes may not be substantial. University interventions focusing on mental health support are needed.
Improving Mechanical Properties of Porous Organosilica Films by Replacing Si–CH3 with Si(–CH3)2
Authors: Vishnevskiy Alexey S. , Vorotyntsev Dmitry A. , Seregin Dmitry S. , Vorotilov Konstantin A. , Sigov Alexander S.
Published: November 2024

Organosilica films with a silicon oxide network and terminal methyl groups are widely used for various applications, including microelectronics. Most of them require high hydrophobicity and good mechanical properties, which is a challenge because Si–CH3 blocks some directions of the metal–oxide network. Here, we discuss an alternate way to prepare organosilica films in which the methyl group is changed to dimethyl. The films were deposited by the sol–gel technique using a non-ionic surfactant to provide porosity. The precursor content was varied to compare the films with different contents of Si–CH3 and Si(–CH3)2. The characterization of the films includes FTIR, ellipsometric porosimetry, PFQNM AFM, wetting contact angle, and dielectric constant. We found that the use of precursors containing dimethyl groups leads to an increase in Si–O–Si network connectivity and hence a higher Young's modulus value compared to films containing the same amount of methyl groups. However, the lower thermal stability of the dimethyl bonds leads to some deterioration of hydrophobic behavior and related properties. These new results extend the knowledge of organic-inorganic hybrid materials and provide new approaches for their applications.
Binaural Pulse Modulation (BPM) as Adjunctive Treatment for Anxiety
Authors: Leisman Gerry , Wallach Joseph , Machado-Ferrer Yanin , Chinchilla-Acosta Mauricio , Meyer Abraham Gérard , Lebovits Robert , Donkin Scott
Published: November 2024

Background:
Several decades of feedback research with EEG signals have shown that participants can be trained to influence the amplitude or topography of specific components of scalp electric activity. However, it has been very difficult to influence specific mental states or treat psychiatric disorders with EEG-based neurofeedback, probably because of its low spatial specificity and difficulties associated with the poor signal-to-noise ratio provided by single trial-based EEG. For this reason, tuned sound may be a viable alternative.

Objective:

Our objective in this pilot study was to examine the possibility of using a Binaural Pulse-Mode-Modulation-type (BPM) device to restore an effective psycho-emotional state by activating the endogenous methods of self-regulation to activate the processes of recovery from anxiety and mood disorders. We desired to evaluate if emotional distress would be altered (reduced) or regulated by means of BPM-type systems.

Methods:

Sixty adult participants were studied with self-reported measures of distress (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7, Covid-Stress Scale, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Beck Depression Inventory-II) were completed before, after, four weeks, and 12 weeks post-treatment. This BPM combined two frequencies to create a binaural pulse through differential auditory tone presentations and the user response adjusted to the appropriate target tone for effective treatment. Each individual calibrated the binaural pulse to increase the level of emotion experienced while imagining an experience with a similar emotional valence or while engaged in a cognitive function while also listening to the sound. “Treatment” was based on the individual's control of the binaural pulses to achieve the desired state. The training focused on specific aspects of their psychological difficulties while listening to an auditory tone, turning a knob until the sound increased the desired emotional state. Another knob was turned to intensify the emotional state associated with distress reduction.

Results:

On self-report measures, the BPM treatment group was significantly better than the sham treatment and control groups. These findings indicate that over the four-week intervention period, BPM was similarly effective to standard treatment approaches for anxiety, PTSD, and stress.

Conclusions:

BPM appears to result in at least a temporary change in self-reported levels of distress during treatment. Limitations of the study are reviewed, and directions for further research are offered.
Utilization of RT-PCR and Optical Genome Mapping in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with Cryptic PML::RARA Rearrangement: A Case Discussion and Systemic Literature Review
Authors: George Giby V , Elsadawi Murad , Evans Andrew G , Ali Sarmad , Zhang Bin , Iqbal M Anwar
Published: November 2024

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by abnormal promyelocytes and t(15;17)(q24;q21) PML::RARA. Rarely, patients may have cryptic or variant rearrangements. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)/arsenic trioxide (ATO) is largely curative provided that the diagnosis is established early. We present a case in which the diagnostic work-up suggested a diagnosis of APL; however, FISH, using the PML/RARA dual fusion and RARA breakapart probes, was negative. RT-PCR later revealed a cryptic fusion transcript. Optical genome mapping (OGM) confirmed the nature and orientation of the insertion of RARA into PML. This case underscores the importance of performing alternative testing in FISH-negative cases of APL.
Plant Leaf Disease Detection Using Deep Learning: A Multi-Dataset Approach
Authors: Krishna Manjunatha Shettigere , Machado Pedro , Otuka Richard I. , Yahaya Salisu W. , Neves dos Santos Filipe , Ihianle Isibor Kennedy
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a deep learning approach for detecting plant leaf diseases. The objective is to develop robust models capable of accurately identifying plant diseases across various image backgrounds, thereby overcoming the limitations of existing methods that often rely on controlled laboratory conditions. To achieve this, a combination of the PlantDoc dataset and Web-sourced data of plant images from online platforms was used. This paper implemented and compared state-of-the-art *cnn architectures, including EfficientNet-B0, EfficientNet-B3, ResNet50, and DenseNet201, all fine-tuned specifically for leaf disease classification. A significant contribution is the application of enhanced data augmentation techniques, such as adding Gaussian noise, to improve model generalisation. Results indicated varied performance across the datasets, with EfficientNet models generally outperforming others. When trained and tested on the PlantDoc dataset, EfficientNet-B3 achieved the highest accuracy of 73.31%. In cross-dataset evaluation, EfficientNet-B3 reached 76.77% accuracy when trained on PlantDoc and tested on the Web-sourced dataset. The best performance occurred when training on the combined dataset and testing on the Web-sourced data, resulting in an accuracy of 80.19%. Class-wise F1-scores revealed consistently high performance (>0.90) for diseases such as apple rust leaf and grape leaf across models. This paper contributes to the comparative analysis of various datasets and model architectures for effective leaf disease detection.
Doctoral Students' Experiences and Emotional Responses to Chat GPT and Voice Control Integration in South Korea: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Zhou Wei , Kim Junying
Published: November 2024

This paper is a phenomenological qualitative study whose aim is to explore the emotions and experiences to Chat GPT-based integrated control of voice for the English language learning experience of twenty-threeKorean doctoral students. We intend to demonstrate the ways in which three doctoral students were exposed to artificial intelligence-assisted language learning technologies, the ways in which they engaged with it between exposure and emotional attachment, and thus the ways in which they became emotionally tethered to it. These findings show the transition of emotions from uncertainty and hope toward confidence towards the use of AI based technologies in language learning and they stress the significance of appropriate affective design of AI based language technology.
The findings make contributions to the L2 writing literature in three significant ways by and large in the ways innovative AI tools modulate the language learning emotions of post-proficient L2 speakers and writers in a university context.
An Improved Frankot and Chellappa Method for Surface Normal Integration Using Fuzzy Concepts
Authors: Hajighasemi Saeide , Breuß Michael
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we propose the Fuzzy formulation of the classic Frankot-Chellappa method by which surfaces can be reconstructed using normal vectors. In the Fuzzy formulation, the surface normal vectors may be uncertain or ambiguous. The underlying model yields a Fuzzy Poisson partial differential equation, where it is imperative to give meaningful representations of Fuzzy derivatives. The solution of the resulting Fuzzy model is approached numerically. To this end, a fuzzy formulation for the discrete sine transform method is explored, which results in a fast, accurate and robust method for surface reconstruction. In experiments we consider specifically the robustness with respect to noisy surface normal vectors.
Scope of Utilizing Waste Marble Dust in Concrete and Its Optimization Analysis Through Surface Response Method
Authors: Demİrboğa Ramazan Saudi Arabia , Farhan Khatib Zada , Shihata Ayman , Abubakar Adams
Published: November 2024

The sludge generated out of marble processing has become a significant environmental hazard for all the major marble mining and processing countries. The benefits to utilize the marble dust (MD) as partial cement replacement, while on one hand reduces the requirements for dumping landfill, that is potential air and water pollution hazard; on the other hand, it reduces the usage of cement, with high carbon footprints. The study reviews the crucial properties of concrete impacted by the inclusion of MD and develops a composite mix with optimal MD content using the response surface methodology. The influence of MD/Cement ratio, Water/Cementitious material ratio and parameter indicating important constitutive element in MD i.e. CaO/MD ratio on the compressive strength were analyzed. Increasing the MD/Cement ratio from 0.564 to 0.667 reduced the compressive strength by approximately 16%. As expected, the Water/Cementitious ratio had a greater influence on compressive strength compared to MD/Cement ratio.
Bdellovibrio, Potential Application for the Control of Aeromonas Species
Authors: Jimenez Castro Guadalupe Esmeralda , Rodríguez Luna Isabel Cristina , Sanchez Varela Alejandro
Published: November 2024

In the last decade there has been a growing increase in antimicrobial resistance, this has been due to bad practices and excessive use in the clinical and agricultural area. Aeromonas species cause infections in fish and shellfish, causing furunculosis, causing large economic losses in fish farms. In humans Aeromonas causes gastroenteritis and infections in wounds and soft tissues. According to the WHO Aeromonas is classified as a priority pathogen for the development of new strategies for its control. Bdellovibrio is a predatory bacterium that has a wide range to attack Gram-negative bacteria even greater than some phages, which represents a great potential for the control of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, ten bacteria of the genus Bdellovibrio were isolated from environmental samples (soil, water and feces of mammalian animals), all were identified within the genus Bdellovibrio, through partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. Their predation efficiency against Aeromonas strains of clinical and environmental origin was evaluated. All Bdellovibrio spp. isolates showed efficiency in preying on Aeromonas species. In the predation efficiency results, Bdellovibrio isolates showed a reduction in the population of Aeromonas strains after 5 to 16.5 h of their inoculation.
Optical Parameters of DTGS in THz Range
Authors: Brekhov Kirill , Gorbatova Anastasia , Lebedeva Ekaterina , Avdeev Pavel , Kudryavtsev Andrey , Chefonov Oleg , Zhukov Sergey , Mishina Elena
Published: November 2024

В данной работе методом спектроскопии во временной области исследованы оптические параметры кристалла DTGS толщиной 550 мкм в диапазоне 0,3–1,5 ТГц в слабых и сильных полях. Идентифицированы оси X и Z эллипсоида показателя преломления, определены показатели преломления и коэффициенты экстинкции. Кроме того, показано, что в сильных ТГц полях в кристалле DTGS может возбуждаться фононная A-мода с частотой около 40 см⁻¹ при совпадении волнового вектора ТГц с полярной осью кристалла, а поляризация ТГц излучения – с осью X кристалла. Использование наблюдаемого эффекта и определение параметров возбуждения мод может быть двояким. Во-первых, показаны пределы ТГц поля для неинвазивного воздействия на кристалл. Во-вторых, представлены условия возбуждения мод, которые могут быть использованы, например, в управляемых поглотителях.
Natural Science Collections as an Element of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge
Authors: Vlasova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Kalenov Nikolay Evgenevich , Kirillov Sergey Alexandrovich , Sobolevskaya Irina Nikolaevna , Sotnikov Alexander Nikolaevich
Published: November 2024

In the article, virtual collections (VC) are considered as elements of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK). VCs are structured sets of digital objects (images, texts, audio, video, 3D-models) linked by certain features and are an effective tool for popularizing science and culture. Using the example of a virtual mycological collection, the main stages of uploading external VCs to the CDSSK are shown, including the use of the Integrated Automated Museum Information System and the BRE (Big Russian Encyclopedia), which are the most widespread in Russian museums.
Methods for approximating the coefficients of a stochastic differential equation and their application to the analysis of intra-annual variability of heat fluxes in the North Atlantic
Authors: Tuchkova Natalia Pavlovna , Belyaev Konstantin Pavlovich , Mikhaylov Gury Mikhaylovich , Romashina Ksenia Alekseevna , Novikova Anastasia Vyacheslavovna
Published: November 2024

To analyze heat fluxes, observational data for 1979-2018 were used in the North Atlantic. The spatiotemporal variability of the total heat flux was modeled by a stochastic diffusion process. The coefficients of the stochastic differential equation representing the stochastic process were statistically estimated using nonparametric statistics methods. Previously, the existence and uniqueness of a solution in the strong sense of the stochastic differential equation generated by the constructed diffusion process was proven using the Kolmogorov's criterion. In this work, the coefficients of the equation were approximated in time by trigonometric polynomials, the amplitudes and phases of which depended on the flow values. Using a given series of 40 years in length from 1979 to 2018, spatial maps and time curves were constructed, the results are shown for 1999 as examples, and also studied average monthly heat flow data from 1979 to 2022. Numerical calculations realized on the Lomonosov-2 supercomputer of the Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Aliveness as a form of existence of scientific publication
Authors: Gorbunov-Possadov Mikhail Mikhailovich
Published: November 2024

An alive publication is a new genre for presenting the results of scientific research, which means that scientific work is published online, and then constantly developing and improving by its author. Serious errors and typos are no longer fatal, nor do they haunt the author for the rest of his or her life. The reader of an alive publication knows that the author is constantly monitoring changes occurring in this branch of science. At present, the Russian author who supports an alive publication is dramatically losing out on many generally accepted bibliometric indicators. The alive publication encourages the development of the bibliography apparatus. Each bibliographic reference will soon have to contain such important for the reader updating on-the-fly attribute as date of the last revision of alive publication. It is to be expected that as the alive publication spreads over to the scientific world, the author's concern for the publication's evolution will become like a parent's care for the development of a child. The Internet will be filled with scientific publications that do not lose their relevance over time.
Outstanding IT projects of the late 20th century and duets of their creators
Authors: Dybenko Alexey Nikolaevich , Polak Yuri Еvgenievich
Published: November 2024

Time flies quickly in the computer industry. Equipment, storage media, components, and software tools are changing beyond recognition. What were relevant 10-20 years ago has become ancient history. But some remarkable projects have retained their significance till nowadays and have greatly changed the development of the industry and all life. The article examines the developments carried out at the end of the twentieth century and which determined the further development of the IT industry. Their authors are pairs of specialists who combined their programming and management talents. The history of the emergence of famous computers, operating systems, the World Wide Web, and Internet navigation tools is briefly described.
Multitrading Strategies
Authors: Kasparinsky Felix Osvaldovich
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the specifics of investment strategies in the forex market using the analytical system of multitrading. The strategy outlines a general plan for the tactical use of resources (time, money, fundamental and technical analysis systems) over an interval of predictable changes in the prices of financial instruments to achieve the trader’s goals (preservation or increase of capital). A promising strategy is determined by the duration and amplitude of the predicted oscillation (unidirectional change) of the price of a financial instrument. The preferred strategy depends on the time that the trader is ready to use for analytical activities and control of current orders, acceptable risks and expected profitability. The most profitable, high-risk and labor-intensive are intraday strategies (half-hour, 2-hour and 8-hour). Three intraday, two short-term (1.5-day and 1.5-week), medium-term (2-month) and long-term (8-month) strategies can be directly applied in the MetaTrader 5 trading terminal with the multitrading system toolset in the Trading Group consisting of three Analytical Windows with chart periods that are successively increased by 4 times. The Analytical Window contains a price chart with trend channels, fundamental event labels and 17 technical analysis indicators, distributed across 4 sections. Price trend change signals are generated in the Operational Window with the shortest period, verified in the Tactical Window and used in the Strategic Window of the Trading Group. Signal combinations of indicator states are used to determine the pivot points of Andrews' pitchfork trend channels and to set Tactical Arrows indicating the direction of the current trend. The current Strategic Window is identified by the concentration of three co-directed Tactical Arrows in its Trading Zone (the last 8 periods of the interval chart). Methods of using 2.5-year, 10-year, 40-year and two-century long-term strategies by means of fractals, fundamental events and Kondratiev waves are proposed. A set of preferred currency pairs of Forex Club and FxPro brokers is defined for all strategies. Regulations for creating strategic forecasts have been developed. Specific features of multitrading strategies should be taken into account when developing trading tactics.
Production Decline Analysis in Fortin de Piedra Field. Application of Time-Rate Relations Using Public Data
Authors: Vezzosi Ivan , Piñeiro Patricio , Testa Ezequiel
Published: November 2024

The scope of this paper is to determine flow regimes, forecast production and estimate the ultimate recovery for Fortin de Piedra field, applying time-rate relations and diagnostic plots developed for unconventional reservoirs, to type decline curves of horizontal wells derived from production data analysis.

Oil and gas well production data were compiled and a data base was created. Oil and gas production rates, monthly and yearly production and cumulative production, and Gas-Oil Ratio per well were calculated. Wells were clasified based on produced fluid. Oil and gas production rate curves for dry gas, wet gas and condensate gas type wells, were fitted using Hyperbolic, Stretched Exponential, Power Law Exponential, Duong and Logistic Growth models. Decline curves were analysed. Flow regimes were identified using diagnostic parameters: Decline Rate, b and β parameters, log (q vs t), log (q/Q vs t). Production was forecasted and ultimate recoveries for dry gas, wet gas and condensate gas type wells and total reserves of the field were estimated.

Fortin de Piedra wells produce condensate gas on the eastern side of the field and wet gas on the western side. Two wells produce dry gas.

In average, after one year of production, gas production rate declines 39% in condensate gas wells, 31% in wet gas wells, and 46% in dry gas wells. Oil production rate declines 31% in condensate gas wells and 21 % in wet gas wells.

Condensate gas, wet gas and dry gas type wells exhibit transient bilinear, followed by transient linear and then pseudo-steady state, boundary dominated flow.

EUR is predicted between 266 and 408 million cubic meters of gas, and between 23,900 and 37,100 cubic meters of oil for condensate gas wells; 295 and 408 million cubic meters of gas for wet gas wells; and between 159 and 263 million cubic meters of gas for dry gas wells. EUR of the entire field is predicted between 79,000 and 140,000 cubic meters of gas, and 4,500,000 and 7,000,000 cubic meters of oil.

In this work, production is forecasted and oil and gas reserves are estimated for Fortin de Piedra field type wells and for the entire field, by applying traditional (Arps) and advanced (developed for unconventional reservoirs) empirical models to match production decline curves derived from production data. The application of each model was assessed. Flow regimes were identified. Also by identifying and classifying the fluids produced in each well, the Vaca Muerta Formation fluid distribution map is readjusted.
Integral Workflow for Optimizing Unconventional Field Development Strategies
Authors: Zorzi E. , Ricci B. , Romano L. , Monaco A. , Herrero F.
Published: November 2024

The development of unconventional reservoirs like La Calera in the Vaca Muerta formation presents unique challenges due to the complex behavior of gas-oil ratio (GOR), varying PVT properties, gas and condensate dispatch restrictions, parent-child degradation, frac-hits impacts, performance of different stacking/completion, rigs availability and simultaneous operations among others. In this paper, we introduce a set of custom-built tools designed to optimize the field's development strategy: Virtual Flow Metering (VFM), Auomated History Matching and an Integrated Production Model (IPM) coupled with an optimized and a Parent-Child Module. VFM enables daily production tracking, well-by-well allocation, and loss identification, allowing for real-time decision-making to meet gas and condensate demands. A workflow for automatic parameter estimation allows for scalable well-by-well tuning, capturing the uncertainties inherent in these reservoirs. By integrating these tools with a coupled reservoir model and optimizer, we generate reliable short- and long-term production forecasts, optimizing both development schedules and commercial commitments.

The decision to implement these tools in Python provided unmatched flexibility, enabling custom adjustments for the Vaca Muerta formation's specific characteristics. This in-house solution avoids the limitations of commercial software and allows for continuous updates and scaling as new data becomes available. We also minimize dependency on commercial licenses, making it possible to run the model across multiple workstations simultaneously. In the near future, we aim to migrate IPM to the cloud for enhanced computational scalability, enabling the parallel execution of complex scenarios. Additionally, a stochastic module is under development to capture uncertainties from type-well parameters and put-on-production schedules. An algorithm is also being designed to propose drilling and completion scenarios based on rig availability, production commitments, and fracture-driven interactions, minimizing the parent-child effect and optimizing economic performance.

These tools and workflows have proven effective in optimizing La Calera's development strategy, contributing to the overall value maximization of the asset by aligning technical and commercial objectives.
Injection Allocation in Secondary Petroleum Recovery
Authors: Rotondo J.
Published: November 2024

This study proposes an enhancement to the injection allocation method in Golfo San Jorge aimed at increasing the accuracy of injected flow rate measurements during secondary oil recovery, with the objective of reducing the number of flowmeter interventions in the field.

Two new correction factors are introduced in the calculation of injection allocation, which consider the stabilization of the injector well after an intervention with wireline or workover equipment, as well as the measurement obtained from the flowmeter associated with the well or an external flowmeter. The analysis involved comparing data from 112 injection wells across various databases, particularly using data from Wireline and Flowmetry, supported by a telemetry system that provides telemetered field data.

The incorporation of these new correction factors has significantly improved injection allocation and reduced the need for interventions on flowmeters by 68% within a group of 112 injection wells. This improvement stems from mitigating errors associated with previously unconsidered variables, such as pressure and flow stabilization in injection wells post-wireline intervention.

The innovation of this project lies in demonstrating that by challenging and improving current calculations and procedures, it is possible to optimize a process and reduce costs by efficiently utilizing existing resources. In this study, field telemetry flow data was used, and new correction factors were proposed to obtain actual flow rates that account for the real behavior of the injection well post-wireline intervention.
AI-Driven Digital Facility Assistant for Enhanced Operational Efficiency and Safety
Authors: Andiarena J. C. , Medina E. G. Bogado
Published: November 2024

This work describes the development and implementation of a digital assistant for the remote management of industrial facilities, focused on improving precision and operational decision making. The digital assistant, developed in three phases, integrates both manual and real-time data to diagnose and recommend corrective actions. In the first phase, the system assesses component health using a database of operational, safety, and environmental parameters. The second stage integrates historical and real-time data, and the third automates corrective actions. Preliminary results demonstrate significant improvements in operational efficiency and safety, emphasizing the assistant's potential as a critical tool in the sector's digital transformation. This document details the system architecture, evaluation methodology and observed benefits, providing a roadmap for the future implementation of this type of technologies in the industry.
New Approaches to Researching AI Crime: Institutionalization of Digital Criminology
Authors: Spyropoulos F.
Published: November 2024

Objective: the article deals with modern scientific approaches to the “digital society”, identifies new criminological perspectives, such as that of digital criminology in an ever-changing hybrid world, in the scientific study of the potential use of AI by criminals, including what is referred to here as AI crime.

Methods: this article is an essay commonly used in humanities and social sciences, as the author aims to present provocative arguments to encourage readers to rethink AI issues in relation to criminality in the “hybrid world” based on a non-systematic literature review. The arguments should be supported by relevant references to “digital criminology” and its non-binary way of thinking in favour of a techno-social approach.

Results: the era of divided perspectives is coming to an end, and it’s time for synergies, especially at the interdisciplinary level. The «mirror of artificial intelligence» can help identify flaws and solutions, ensuring the future of AI and human society is decided by the people. In a digital society, technology is integrated into people’s lives, including crime, victimization, and justice. Digital technologies blur the boundaries between online and offline realities, creating a human-technological hybrid world where crimes occur in virtual networks. AI has potential for social good and Sustainable Development Goals, but concerns about human rights violations need to be addressed. Multidisciplinary approaches are needed to ensure safe use, address education inequalities, enhance justice, and identify online behavior as deviant or criminal. In the context of emerging technoethics, the idea that this unofficial norm, derived from a popular belief, will be the ‘touchstone’ for characterising online mediated behaviour as deviant/ crimninal, is missing - or rather in the process of being formed.

Scientific novelty: the author aims to provide some insightful thoughts on formulating the right questions and interesting reflections from a technoethical perspective on the phenomenon of the use of information and communication technologies for criminal purposes under the catalytic influence of AI, recognising the social challenges arising from technological disruption (e.g. prediction and prevention through the transformation of policing, increased surveillance and criminal justice practises) in “digital society”.

Practical significance: some of the initial ideas of this theoretical material can be used in the elaboration of proposals for amendements and additions to the current crime legislation, as well as in pedagogical activity, especially in the implementation of educational courses or modules on crime in the context of the digital transformation of society.
Coexistence of the blaZ Gene and Selected Virulence Determinants in Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Insights from Three Nigerian Tertiary Hospitals
Authors: Kilani Adetunji Misbau , Alabi Emmanuel Dayo , Adeleke Oluwafemi Ezekiel
Published: November 2024

Background and Purpose
Infections caused by β-lactamase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus have become increasingly difficult to treat due to the expression of multiple virulence factors. This has heightened concerns about managing S. aureus-related infections. This study was conducted to characterize the blaZ gene and selected virulence determinants in β-lactam resistant S. aureus from human sources in three Nigerian tertiary hospitals.
Materials and Methods
Three hundred and sixty samples were collected for the study. S. aureus was isolated and characterized following standard microbiological protocols and nuc gene amplification. Antibiotic susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were performed using the disk diffusion method and E-tests, respectively. Biofilm formation and β-lactamase production were assessed using Congo red agar and nitrocefin kits, while the blaZ gene was examined using conventional PCR. Capsular polysaccharide genotyping, accessory gene regulator (agr) detection, Panton-valentine leucocidin (PVL), and PVL proteins were performed using PCR and Western blotting.
Results
S. aureus was recovered from 145 samples, 50 (34.5%) of these isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with MICs ranging from 0.125 to 1.00 µg/mL, and showed significant resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams. Of these, 31 strains produced β-lactamases, 30 of which carried the blaZ gene in combination with cap8 (80%) or cap5 (20%). Biofilm formation and PVL gene were observed in 85% of the 20 randomly selected blaZ-positive multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The agr2 allele was predominant, found in 70% of the selected MDR strains. No significant difference in the occurrence of the blaZ gene was found among the three clinical sources (p ≤ α0.05).
Conclusion
The co-occurrence of the blaZ gene with PVL, capsular polysaccharide genes, and agr alleles is associated with biofilm formation, indicating a high risk of β-lactam-resistant S. aureus infections. Our findings highlight the need for continuous molecular surveillance to enhance infection management, treatment options, and patient outcomes in the study locality. A limitation of this study is the random selection of MDR isolates, which may affect the comprehensiveness of the analyses.
Process Optimization and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Inconel 718/Stainless Steel 316L Multi-material via Direct Energy Deposition
Authors: Chen Yu-Xiang , Qiu Jun-Ru , Chang Wei-Ling , Hwang Yi-Kai , Hwang Sheng-Jye
Published: November 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a recent innovation in manufacturing, employing additive techniques rather than traditional subtractive methods. This study focuses on Directed Energy Deposition (DED), utilizing a blend of nickel-based superalloy IN 718 and stainless steel SS316 powders in varying ratios (25%+75%, 50%, and 75%+25%). The objective is to assess the impact of process parameters on quality and optimize them. Mechanical properties of the different powder mixtures are compared. In the study, Taguchi-grey relational analysis is employed for parameter optimization, with four key factors identified: laser power, overlap ratio, powder feed rate, and scanning speed, affecting cladding efficiency, deposition rate, and porosity. Verification experiments confirm optimization repeatability, and further fine-tuning is achieved through one-factor-at-a-time experiments. Optimized parameters yield varied tensile properties among different powder mixtures; for example, a 25% SS316L and 75% IN718 blend demonstrates the highest ultimate tensile strength (499.37 MPa), while a 50% SS316L and 50% IN718 blend exhibits the best elongation (13.53%). This study offers an effective approach for using DED technology to create mixed SS316 and IN718 powders, enabling tailored mechanical performance based on mixing ratios.
Paramedics and EMTs’ Perceptions of Geriatric Trauma Care in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Harthi Naif , Goodacre Steve , Sampson Fiona , Binhotan Meshary , Suhail Abdullah
Published: November 2024

Background
Saudi ambulance clinicians face ageing-related challenges and impacts of ageing changes while providing prehospital geriatric trauma care but little is known about their understanding of such care.
Methods
A qualitative study was conducted using a purposive sample of Saudi paramedics and ambulance technicians from Riyadh and Makkah using online semi-structured interviews and analysed using the framework method.
Results
The qualitative study recruited twenty participants and identified that they reported age-related challenges including physiological changes, polypharmacy, and communication difficulties. They all wanted training and guidelines to improve their knowledge. They reported struggling with communication difficulties, inaccurate adverse outcomes predictions, difficult intravenous cannulations, and cultural restrictions affecting care provision for female patients. We identified organisational barriers (e.g. lack of shared patient records and lack of guidelines) and cultural barriers (e.g. barriers to assessing women, attitudes towards older people, and attitudes towards paramedics) that influenced implementation of knowledge.
Conclusion
Ambulance clinicians in Saudi Arabia want guidelines and training in managing older trauma patients but these need to take into account the organisational and cultural barriers that we identified to facilitate implementing knowledge and changing practice to providing improved care.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Ancient Pagodas Under Rockfall Impact
Authors: Li XiaoPeng , He Qing , Ling Kangjie , Liu Dewen , Liu Yang
Published: November 2024

As a vital component of China's historical and cultural heritage, ancient pagodas hold significant value in the realms of architectural art and religious culture, and they provide precious information for the exploration of historical geography. However, pagodas located in mountainous areas are threatened by natural disasters such as landslides, debris flows, and rockfalls, with the latter being a particularly pressing issue due to the notable increase in accidents caused by rockfalls in China over recent decades. This study employs the ABAQUS finite element analysis software to simulate and analyze the response of ancient pagodas when subjected to rockfall impact loads. Detailed geometric modeling and material property assignment of the pagoda structure were conducted to establish the corresponding finite element model. Subsequently, the impact of rockfalls with varying velocities, radii, impact angles, and impact heights on the pagoda was simulated to assess its structural safety and stability. The results indicate that rockfall velocity, radius, impact angle, and impact height are key factors affecting the structural safety of ancient pagodas. This research aims to provide a theoretical basis for the protection against rockfall disasters of ancient pagodas, effectively safeguarding these precious cultural heritages.