bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex Assessment of the Functional State of the Urinary System in Preclinical Studies. Part 1. Instrumental and Laboratory Assessment Methods (Review)
Authors: Miroshnikov M. V. , Sultanova K. T. , Makarova M. N. , Faustova N. M. , Khan S. O. , Loseva E. A.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION. Functional examination of the urinary system, and particularly the kidneys, is an important challenge in preclinical studies. Currently, there is no generally recognised and detailed approach to drug-induced nephrotoxicity detection in vivo, nor are there clear criteria for its assessment.

AIM. This study aimed to analyse and systematise instrumental and laboratory methods for the assessment of urinary system function in laboratory animals and to identify the basic principles for studying drug-induced nephrotoxic effects.

DISCUSSION. The study analysed the advantages and limitations of the methods used to study the nephrotoxicity of medicinal products, with considerations for the use of these methods in small and large laboratory animals. The effects of a test substance on the urinary system should first be evaluated using minimally invasive methods. One of these methods is urinalysis. For urinalysis, important considerations include the sampling technique, the volume of the biomaterial, and the turnaround time between urine collection and analysis. Ultrasonography is the most accessible instrumental method in preclinical studies. Ultrasonography can assess organ position, size, structure, and echogenicity and detect abnormalities and changes in real time. Dif ferent method settings are preferred for each species of laboratory animal. Further analysis can include macroscopic examination of organs, measurement of their masses, and microscopic analysis of tissues. Visual assessment should cover the size, colour, and consistency of the ureters, bladder, and kidneys. Nephrotoxicity may manifest as increased apoptosis, vacuolation of renal tubular epithelial cells, epithelial degeneration or dystrophy, oedema, diapedesis-associated haemorrhages, acute tubular and papillary necrosis, necrosis of the Bowman–Schumlansky capsule, casts and crystals in the tubular lumen, glomerulopathy with the corresponding changes, and inflammatory and vascular reactions.

CONCLUSIONS. The study analysed and systematised instrumental and laboratory methods for assessing the functional state of the urinary system in preclinical studies. The authors outlined the basic principles for a structured and comprehensive study of the potential nephrotoxicity of novel medicines. The assessment of nephrotoxicity should start with simple and minimally invasive laboratory and instrumental methods, which include general urinalysis and microscopic examination of urine sediment. These methods can detect organ dysfunction that has not yet presented with an associated anatomical lesion. A more in-depth analysis should involve histological and immunohistochemical methods to examine the urinary tissues of laboratory animals.
Optimisation of a Cytogenetic Sample Preparation Procedure for In Vivo Metaphase Analysis of Mammalian Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Verner A. O. , Ustinova T. M. , Vengerovich N. G.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION. Metaphase analysis is used to assess the mutagenicity of medicines, and its accuracy depends directly on the quality of cytogenetic preparations. Existing procedures for cytogenetic sample preparation require optimisation because of their time and labour intensiveness and potential for artefactual chromosome loss that leads to errors in the interpretation of analytical results.

AIM. This study aimed to optimise a cytogenetic sample preparation procedure for mammalian bone marrow cells for in vivo metaphase analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study was performed in randomly bred male mice weighing 18–20 g. The authors prepared cytogenetic samples of bone marrow cells according to the procedures set forth in the Guidelines for Conducting Preclinical Studies of Drugs (A.N. Mironov (ed.), 2012), and GOST 34659-2020, Methods for Testing the Impact of Chemical Products on the Human Body. Assessment of Chromosomal Aberrations in Bone Marrow Cells of Mammals, as described and with modifications. Sample preparation involved using Hanks’ solution, sodium citrate and potassium chloride solutions, acetic acid, methyl alcohol, medium 199, HEPES, and Giemsa stain.

RESULTS. The authors conducted an experimental comparison of the characteristics of cytogenetic preparations of mammalian bone marrow cells for in vivo metaphase analysis prepared using several methods. The samples prepared in accordance with the Guidelines for Conducting Preclinical Studies of Drugs exhibited the highest percentage of analysable metaphase plates, in comparison with those obtained using the other sample preparation procedures. The authors optimised the sample prepara tion conditions, including the composition of the hypotonic solution (0.56% KCl), the time of hypotonic treatment (20 min), the time of fixation (12 h), and the composition of the culture medium (liquid medium 199 with Hanks’ salts and glutamine). The authors introduced a step of preliminary chromosome fixation with 6% acetic acid, which generally contributed to an increase in the proportion of analysable metaphase plates by reducing the scattering and sticking of chromosomes.

 CONCLUSIONS. The authors presented a modified sample preparation procedure for cytogenetic preparations that, compared with the previous procedures, offers an increase in the percentage of analysable metaphase plates to 56%, a 12% rise in the percentage of full sets of chromosomes (n=40), and a 2–10-hour reduction in the preparation time.
Pharmacokinetics Study of a New Isoxazole Derivative in Rats Using HPLC-MS/MS for Blood Sample Analysis
Authors: Yaichkov I. I. , Khokhlov A. L. , Korsakov M. K. , Shetnev A. A. , Volkhin N. N. , Petukhov S. S.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION. Systemic exposure studies of a selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor, the isoxazole derivative 5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-furan-2-sulfonamide (TFISA), require evaluating its pharmacokinetics in whole blood because the compound can accumulate in erythrocytes. Currently, no bioanalytical procedures have been developed to achieve this.

AIM. This study aimed to develop a bioanalytical procedure for the determination of TFISA and its metabolites (N-hydroxy-5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-furan-2-sulfonamide and N-acetyl-5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-furan-2-sulfonamide) in the blood of laboratory animals and compare the pharmacokinetics of TFISA ophthalmic suspension in rats after a single ocular or intraperitoneal administration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The quantitative determination was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using rat and rabbit blood samples. The chromatographic separation used a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (150×3.0 mm, 3.5 µm) and a gradient elution system of 0.1% aqueous formic acid and methanol. The multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry mode was used for detection. The pharmacokinetics study was conducted in 2 groups of 6 Wistar rats (3 males and 3 females per group). Group 1 received an instillation of 1% TFISA ophthalmic suspension in each eye at a dose of 3.7 mg/kg. Group 2 received an intraperitoneal injection of the same product at the same dose. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at several intervals after administration.

RESULTS. The authors developed a bioanalytical procedure for the determination of TFISA and its metabolites in the blood of laboratory animals (rabbits and rats). This HPLC-MS/MS procedure was fully validated in accordance with the requirements of the EAEU legislation and the ICH M10 guideline. The analytical ranges in blood were 20–20000 for TFISA, 2–2000 for the N-hydroxy metabolite, and 0.1–100.0 ng/mL for the N-acetyl metabolite. The maximum blood levels after ocular instillation (mean±SD) were 8173±1491 for TFISA, 694±271 for the N-hydroxy metabolite, and 6.33±1.51 ng/mL for the N-acetyl metabolite. The half-lives for this route of administration were 58±10 (TFISA), 70±24 (N-hydroxy metabolite), and 14±3 h (N-acetyl metabolite). The bioavailability of TFISA was 90.18%. CONCLUSIONS. The developed and validated bioanalytical procedure for the determination of TFISA and its metabolites in the blood of laboratory animals has been successfully applied to samples of rat whole blood. According to the study of ophthalmic suspension pharmacokinetics, TFISA and its metabolites have long halflives and high bioavailability.
Programme for Studying Medicinal Products for Generalised Anxiety Disorder: Analysis of the European Medicines Agency Guideline
Authors: Solovyova A. P. , Surmilo I. M.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION. Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is the least studied anxiety disorder, as patients present with comorbid mood disorders. Finding effective treatment methods for GAD is of the utmost importance; therefore, it is essential to develop novel medicinal products for GAD. Proper clinical programme design is key to obtaining reliable data on the effectiveness and safety of a medicinal product. Currently, the Russian Federation lacks methodological guidelines for clinical studies of these medcinal products, and there is a need for developing such guidelines.

AIM. This review aimed to assess the possibility of applying the methodological approaches described in international guidelines to Russian clinical trials to develop medicinal products for GAD.

DISCUSSION. Having analysed the main provisions of the Guideline on the clinical investigation of medicinal products indicated for generalised anxiety disorder by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the authors of this review outlined the main stages of clinical development and the methodology for using clinical data to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medicinal products for GAD. Clinical development programmes for these medicinal products should take into account research staging and mandatory long-term safety and additive effect assessments. This review highlights aspects of selecting the design, population, and primary and secondary endpoints for a clinical trial. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of comorbidities in patients.

CONCLUSION. The provisions set forth in the EMA guideline can inform the development of national guidelines for studying medicinal products for GAD.
Kodlama ve Robotik Eğitimi Alanında Türkiye'de Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Şanlı Melis , Alper Ayfer
Published: July 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, kodlama ve robotik eğitimi alanında Türkiye’de yapılan lisansüstü çalışmaların genel eğilimlerinin ortaya konması ve alanda yapılacak yeni araştırmalara ve uygulamalara yön verilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, “kodlama”, “robotik”, “programlama” ,“robotik kodlama”, “kodlama eğitimi”, “robotik eğitimi” ve “programlama eğitimi” anahtar kelimeleri ile Ulusal Tez Merkezi Veri Tabanında yer alan erişime açık 194 tez değerlendirmeye alınmış ve bu tezler “Tez İnceleme Formu” kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmada içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda erişilen veriler, betimsel istatistiki yöntemlerle (yüzde ve frekans) analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda, kodlama ve robotik eğitimi ile ilgili bilimsel araştırmaların ağırlıklı olarak yüksek lisans düzeyinde yapıldığı, çalışmaların sayısında 2012 yılından sonra bir artış yaşandığı, en fazla çalışmanın ise 2019 yılında yapıldığı, öğrenim düzeyi olarak en çok ortaokul öğrencileri ile çalışıldığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında en fazla kullanılan teknolojilerin ise metin tabanlı teknolojilerde C Dilleri (C++, C#), blok tabanlı teknolojilerde Scratch, interaktif teknolojilerde Edmodo, grafik ve tasarım teknolojisinde Tinkercad, Robot teknolojilerinde ise Lego Mindstorms EV3 araçlarının olduğu görülmüştür. İncelenen çalışmaların sonuçlar bölümünün yoğunlaştığı konulara bakıldığında, kodlama ve robotik eğitiminin öğrenenlerin akademik başarı düzeylerinin, motivasyonlarının ve işbirlikli çalışma becerilerinin gelişmesinde olumlu yönde etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Öneriler bölümünün yoğunlaştığı konulara bakıldığında ise en çok örneklem sayısı/düzeyi, etkinlik/materyal/proje geliştirme sürecine yönelik önerilere sıklıkla rastlanmıştır.
Hen embryos respiratory activity assessment during hatching eggs storage
Authors: Ovchinnikov Alexander V. ,   FSBI “48 Central Scientific Research Unstitute” of RF Defense Department (FSBI “48  CSRI” RF DD), Sergiev Posad, Russia, Borisevich Sergey V. , Saleeva Irina P. , Morozov Vitaly Yu. , Kolesnikov Roman O. , Borisevich Galina V. , Kulish Vyacheslav S. , Rubtsov Vladimir V. , Sazonov Vladimir Ye. , Dyatlova Natalia Yu. ,   FSBI “48 Central Scientific Research Unstitute” of RF Defense Department (FSBI “48  CSRI” RF DD), Sergiev Posad, Russia,   FSBEI HE “Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University” (FSBEI HE SPSAU), St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Russia,   FSBEI HE “Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University” (FSBEI HE SPSAU), St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Russia,   FSBEI HE “Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University” (FSBEI HE SPSAU), St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Russia,   FSBI “48 Central Scientific Research Unstitute” of RF Defense Department (FSBI “48  CSRI” RF DD), Sergiev Posad, Russia,   FSBI “48 Central Scientific Research Unstitute” of RF Defense Department (FSBI “48  CSRI” RF DD), Sergiev Posad, Russia,   FSBI “48 Central Scientific Research Unstitute” of RF Defense Department (FSBI “48  CSRI” RF DD), Sergiev Posad, Russia,   FSBI “48 Central Scientific Research Unstitute” of RF Defense Department (FSBI “48  CSRI” RF DD), Sergiev Posad, Russia,   FSBI “48 Central Scientific Research Unstitute” of RF Defense Department (FSBI “48  CSRI” RF DD), Sergiev Posad, Russia
Published: July 2024

The study results have been given in the paper on embryos respiratory activity of cross Hysex White P (0407) hens during hatching eggs storage in 10 to 21°C temperature during 2 to 7 days.
Poultry slaughtering byproducts as feed industry raw material base
Authors: Volik Victor G. ,   Potential volume of byproducts has been shown in the paper, this raw material composition and byproduct protein importance in animal feeding have also been shown. There were established in researches with broilers that results of broiler feeding with plant feeds only are worse significantly than results with animal protein addition. Fermentation addi- tional phase increases raw material usage effectiveness in comparison with single stage process., Gushchin Victor V. , Ismailova Dilaram Yu. , Zinoviev Sergey V. ,   Potential volume of byproducts has been shown in the paper, this raw material composition and byproduct protein importance in animal feeding have also been shown. There were established in researches with broilers that results of broiler feeding with plant feeds only are worse significantly than results with animal protein addition. Fermentation addi- tional phase increases raw material usage effectiveness in comparison with single stage process.,   Potential volume of byproducts has been shown in the paper, this raw material composition and byproduct protein importance in animal feeding have also been shown. There were established in researches with broilers that results of broiler feeding with plant feeds only are worse significantly than results with animal protein addition. Fermentation addi- tional phase increases raw material usage effectiveness in comparison with single stage process.,   Potential volume of byproducts has been shown in the paper, this raw material composition and byproduct protein importance in animal feeding have also been shown. There were established in researches with broilers that results of broiler feeding with plant feeds only are worse significantly than results with animal protein addition. Fermentation addi- tional phase increases raw material usage effectiveness in comparison with single stage process.
Published: July 2024

Potential volume of byproducts has been shown in the paper, this raw material composition and byproduct protein importance in animal feeding have also been shown. There were established in researches with broilers that results of broiler feeding with plant feeds only are worse significantly than results with animal protein addition. Fermentation addi- tional phase increases raw material usage effectiveness in comparison with single stage process.
Efforts for Early Detection of Pregnant Women in Reducing AKI -AKB
Authors: Sumarmiati  , Indasah
Published: July 2024

The aim of the research is to determine efforts for early detection of pregnant women in reducing the IMR in the UPTD area of the Puncu Health Center, Puncu District, Kediri Regency. The research approach uses qualitative research. The research sample was pregnant women. The data analysis technique uses the USG method and SWOT analysis. The research results conclude: (1) The capabilities of posyandu cadres can be improved through empowerment (training) and establishing cadre recruitment criteria; (2) Knowledge of pregnant women can be increased through counseling and active involvement of posyandu cadres; (3) SOPs need to be created and disseminated to detect high risks for cadres; (4) Providing high risk early detection tools at each posyandu, and training cadres to be able to use these tools; (5) Determine the village bedan's activity schedule to provide consultations to cadres and add representative cadres according to the number of pregnant women served; (6) The government increases the budget allocation for cadre honorariums and provides bonuses to cadres who excel
Pemeriksaan Cruris Dengan Klinis Close Fraktur Os Cruris Dextra Menggunakan Modalitas Computed Radiography Di Rumah Sakit Daerah Nganjuk
Authors: Abriani Dwi Irjayanti  , Noer Soelistijaningsih
Published: July 2024

Teknik pemeriksaan os cruris dengan proyeksi AP dan lateral biasanya dilakukan pada pasien dengan kasus patah tulang. Indikasi pada os cruris yang sering terjadi adalah fraktur. Fraktur adalah dicontinuitas dari jaringan tulang ( patah tulang ) yang biasanya disebabkan oleh adanya kekerasan yang timbul secara mendadak. Fraktur tibia dan fibula adalah trauma dari kebanyakan organ ekstremitas bawah, terutama fraktur tibia dan fibula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil positioning, teknik pemeriksaan, dan hasil radiografi teknik pemeriksaan os cruris dengan proyeksi modifikasi pada kasus close fraktur os cruris dextra. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Dalam hal Penelitian ini menggunakan metode praktek langsung menangani kasus pasien dengan menggunakan alat radiography CR (Computed Radiography). Teknik pemeriksaan os cruris dengan proyeksi modifikasi pada kasus fraktur sudah bisa mendiagnosis struktur anatomi dan patofisiologi dengan baik. Dari hasil pemeriksaan radiologi yang dibaca oleh dokter spesialis Radiologi Rumah Sakit Daerah Nganjuk menunjukkan bahwa pada pemeriksaan foto rontgen tampak adanya fraktur segmental 1/3 os fibula dan fraktur comminutive 1/3 os tibia. Teknik pemeriksaan harus dilakukan dengan teliti dan cermat, sehingga dihasilkan gambaran radiografi yang optimal dan informative,serta untuk menghindari pengulangan foto.
Test By Dragon
Authors: Ajos Ajos
Published: July 2024

Test By Dragon
Green beauty care choices: Mediating effects of self-generated word of mouth on Gen Z buying behavior
Authors: Athia Ita , Amin Muh. Sirojuddin , Mohd Salleh Muhammad Zulfaris
Published: July 2024

With growing concern about environmental issues, purchasing behavior has significantly changed, especially among women. They now seek extensive information about environmentally friendly beauty care brands, often relying on word of mouth to guide their decisions. Existing studies on word of mouth largely focus on the receiver perspective. However, there is a notable gap in studies examining the impact of word of mouth on the senders themselves. Motivated by addressing this significant gap in the literature, we dedicate this exploratory study to investigating sender outcomes, such as purchase decisions. To gather relevant data, we used purposive and snowball sampling methods, specifically targeting Indonesian Gen Z women who are aware of environmental issues and use beauty care products. Results from PROCESS Macro Model 4, based on responses from 253 respondents, show that the high perception of environmentally friendly beauty care product quality significantly affects both word of mouth and repurchase intention, both directly and indirectly. While an environmentally friendly brand image directly impacts repurchase intention, it does not influence WOM. This suggests that Gen Z is more likely to tell and share their experiences about the benefits and effectiveness of high-quality, natural ingredient beauty care products rather than the brand’s environmental commitments and activities.
Language and culture: the contrastive analysis in the Vietnamese and English idioms of colours
Authors: Nhi Bui Thi
Published: July 2024

This paper compares and contrasts five colours in both Vietnamese and English idioms to identify similarities and differences in the connotational meaning caused by cultural effects on their own languages. The meanings of idioms are not definitely related to grammatical rules or the lexical meaning of each word but are based on cultural features. In each culture, the meanings of colours have not only similarities but also differences. This paper clarifies the importance of culture in the language in terms of colours. That is, if one is unaware of the culture behind a language, language learners can misunderstand or distort target language meanings as evidenced by well-presented examples. Accordingly, the implication drawn is that learning any language means learning not only the grammar and the vocabulary of this language but also its own cultural elements.
University English majors’ perceptions of using collaborative brainstorming to facilitate their argumentative essay writing
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thi Dieu , Lam Phan Thi
Published: July 2024

Academic writing necessitates the presence of captivating ideas, which are presented clearly and persuasively through well-organized analysis. Within the context of Dong Nai Technology University, numerous English majors frequently encounter difficulties in generating ideas in their argumentative essays. Although there is no prescribed method for creating ideas, collaborative brainstorming can be a useful pre-writing activity to support the generation and organization of students’ ideas. The current study seeks to investigate 80 English major students' perceptions on the use of collaborative brainstorming during the initial stage of their essay-writing process. The data were subjected to both qualitative and quantitative analysis, which was reinforced by the use of closed-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The majority of students expressed their enthusiasm for this pre-writing activity and highlighted numerous benefits associated with the usage of this method. This study shows the need for group brainstorming as a typical activity in English classes.
Applying CIPP model to evaluate the implementation of an international internship in a Vietnamese university
Authors: Anh Vo Thi Kim
Published: July 2024

International internship has become popularised these days due to its great benefits. The University of Danang-University of Foreign Language Studies (UD-UFLS) has organised several international internships including the one in Thailand. To have a comprehensive picture of the implementation of the internship in Thailand, the evaluation applying CIPP model was conducted. The study applied the qualitative method with document review and interviews as the instruments. Participants are students of Faculty of English, UD-UFLS who underwent the internship in Thailand in 2024. The evaluation reveals that the internship generally met its intended outcomes regarding cultural competence and professional development, and it was properly implemented. Yet, it would be better if careful design selection of the activities, detailed instructions, and better preparation for pre-departure were taken into consideration.
Exploring latent groups of response styles on a self-concept scale based on the mixed partial credit model
Authors: Lee Jiyong , Yi Hyun Sook ,   Korean Society for Educational Evaluation
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to identify latent groups based on response styles to a self-report assessment and to explore the effects of these response styles on the estimation of respondent parameters and the correlations between sub-scales. The data from the 2013 Korea Education Longitudinal Study, specifically from the survey of third-year middle school students on the self-concept measure, were used for the analyses. The main findings are as follows. First, applying a mixed partial credit model to explore latent groups according to response styles on each sub-scale, it was found that, in the social self-concept scale, there emerged two groups: a non-extreme response style group and an extreme response style group. Second, in the physical and academic self-concept scales, two non-extreme response style groups with difference preferences of selecting options and an extreme response style group were identified. Third, in the social, physical, and academic self-concept scales, male students preferred extreme response styles more than female students. Lastly, for the group using extreme response styles, the respondent parameter was overestimated when response styles were not accounted for, while for the group using non-extreme response styles, the respondent parameter was underestimated when the response styles had not been controlled. After controlling for response styles, the correlations between sub-scales decreased.
A Comparative Analysis of Accuracy in Ability Estimation Methods in Multistage Adaptive Testing(MST)
Authors: Lee Haneul , Lee Yongsang ,   Korean Society for Educational Evaluation
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to provide direction for establishing ability estimation methods in the design process of the multistage adaptive testing(MST) by reviewing methods with high accuracy and consistency when each subtest(module) concludes in MST. Accordingly, a simulation experiment was conducted to compare the accuracy of ability estimation methods based on item response theory in a 1-3-3 MST design. Using MSTGen in the simulation experiment, item and ability parameters were generated, and ability estimates and correlations among parameters were calculated under different test conditions. The results indicated that accuracy was lowest when ability was estimated using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE) method at all stages, while Bayesian methods(EAP, MAP) showed the highest accuracy. Furthermore, consistently applying Bayesian methods for ability estimation at all stages resulted in higher accuracy and smaller errors compared to applying different estimation methods at each stage.
Teaching Effective Techniques for Incorporating Edge Computing in Biomedical Applications with Biomedical Students
Authors: Durgun Mahmut , Durgun Yeliz
Published: July 2024

This case study demonstrates the potential of integrating the Edge Impulse platform into project based learning for biomedical technology students for edge computing consept. The use of the Edge Impulse platform as a project-based teaching and learning approach for biomedical students has been shown to significantly enhance student learning performance and experiences. The platform allows students to develop practical skills and deepen their knowledge while also providing opportunities for students to apply their projects in real-world settings. This study provides valuable insights on how to effectively improve learning for biomedical students using the Edge Impulse platform. The study focuses on a course designed using the Edge Impulse platform, where students design and develop prototype devices and systems. The course begins with the learning of basic hardware and culminates in students creating a complete prototype system. The study showcases the prototype devices and systems developed by students at the end of the course, demonstrating how the use of Edge Impulse platform improves students’ practical skills and enables them to apply their projects in real-world settings. Furthermore, it highlights how this approach contributes to students’ self-development and acquisition of skills that can be used in their future careers. Thus, the use of this platform can lead to new ideas and experiences which may open new horizons for biomedical research and the development of integrated devices in the current world.
Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis: Oil, Char, and Gases-A Technological Review
Authors: Talib Husam
Published: July 2024

Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis: Oil, Char, and Gases is an in-depth exploration of the new field of microwave-assisted Pyrolysis. MW pyrolysis makes it possible to extract oil, char, and gases from biomass, waste, and other organic components. Compared to traditional pyrolysis processes, microwave-assisted Pyrolysis has many advantages, which are discussed in depth in this paper. The article covers various aspects of microwave-assisted Pyrolysis, including Fundamentals of Pyrolysis, Thermal Decomposition Mechanisms, Factors Affecting Pyrolysis Reactions, Product Distribution and Yield, Synergistic Effects, and Process Parameters Optimization. It also looks into the co-pyrolysis method, which uses numerous feedstocks to create many value products simultaneously through simultaneous Pyrolysis. This paper is useful for academics, engineers, and professionals in biomass conversion and renewable energy since the writers explore co-pyrolysis's synergistic effects and prospective applications. With its comprehensive coverage and in-depth analysis, Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis: Oil, Char, and Gases offers a unique perspective on the application of microwave technology in pyrolysis processes. It provides readers with a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles, experimental techniques, and potential applications of MW-assisted Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis.
Indian Legacy and Digital Media on YouTube: A Comparative Analysis of News Narratives and User Engagement
Authors: Ghasiya Piyush , Sasahara Kazutoshi
Published: July 2024

The current news media ecosystem in India can be divided into two groups: legacy media and digital media. The former dominate TV space, while the latter operate primarily on the web and social media. Recent literature has posited potential differences in journalistic standards and content objectivity between these two categories, but these assertions lack robust empirical validation. To address this research gap, we analyzed the characteristics of news content and user engagement on YouTube. We collected 1074 news videos uploaded by the two types of media on YouTube, along with more than 400,000 comments. Using network and text analysis, we found that users form two highly polarized groups with minimal interaction between them, suggesting the presence of echo chambers. Furthermore, toxicity analysis shows that digital media hosted more hateful and toxic comments than legacy media. Our findings suggest complex dynamics in the Indian media ecosystem, potentially influenced by factors such as ownership structures, content strategies, and audience segmentation. The results indicate potential correlations between corporate ownership models and alignment of content with governmental narratives in legacy media, while digital media demonstrates a trend toward content diversification.
Energy saving in Italian households: Perceptions, motivations and behaviours
Authors: Barjaková Martina , CUCCHIARINI VERONICA , Caravona Laura
Published: July 2024

Household energy consumption is an important determinant of overall energy demand. To improve individual energy-related behaviours, it is crucial to first understand why people may not be engaging in these behaviours, in other words, to diagnose the behavioural problems.We conducted an online behavioural diagnosis of energy-saving behaviours in Italian households, with a representative sample of N=400 adults. The aim was to assess (i) awareness of energy-saving behaviours, (ii) perceptions of effectiveness of such behaviours, (iii) actual and planned energy-saving behaviours, and (iv) motivations and barriers for these behaviours.We found that the Italian households made efforts to save energy during the global energy crisis in 2022, mostly in terms of small adjustments to their everyday energy-related behaviours, while omitting some potentially more efficient energy-saving actions. Energy security and environmental reasons mattered, but monetary reasons were nevertheless the leading motivation to save energy at home. Misperceptions about efficiency of energy-saving actions related mostly to heat pumps.These and other findings offer insights into the Italian citizens’ knowledge gaps, behaviours, barriers and motivations related to saving energy in their homes, and can be used to design effective interventions. Thus, they are of interest not only to researchers, but also to policy-makers.
Computational Models for In-Vehicle User Interface Design: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Lorenz Martin , Amorim Tiago , Dey Debargha , Sadeghi Mersedeh , Ebel Patrick
Published: July 2024

In this review, we analyze the current state of the art of computational models for in-vehicle User Interface (UI) design. Driver distraction, often caused by drivers performing Non Driving Related Tasks (NDRTs), is a major contributor to vehicle crashes. Accordingly, in-vehicle UI s must be evaluated for their distraction potential. Computational models are a promising solution to automate this evaluation, but are not yet widely used, limiting their real-world impact. We systematically review the existing literature on computational models for NDRTs to analyze why current approaches have not yet found their way into practice. We found that while many models are intended for UI evaluation, they focus on small and isolated phenomena that are disconnected from the needs of automotive UI designers. In addition, very few approaches make predictions detailed enough to inform current design processes. Our analysis of the state of the art, the identified research gaps, and the formulated research potentials can guide researchers and practitioners toward computational models that improve the automotive UI design process.
Investigating differential item functioning among borderline personality disorder diagnostic criteria and internalizing/externalizing domains based on sexual orientation
Authors: Asadi Shayan , Suzuki Takakuni , Rodriguez-Seijas Craig Anthony
Published: July 2024

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is more frequently diagnosed among sexual minority (SM) populations. SM populations also report higher levels of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, two core domains of clinical problems that are highly comorbid with BPD. Contextual factors (e.g., group-specific norms) might affect endorsement of BPD items for reasons other than an underlying liability to experience BPD, internalizing or externalizing psychopathology. Therefore, BPD items may be ‘easier’ to endorse (i.e., be associated with lower indicator thresholds) for SM populations relative to non-SM populations. We tested this hypothesis in a large, nationally representative sample of the US population (N=35,723, SM n=1,150) using an item response theory approach. Several BPD indicators demonstrated differential item functioning of indicator thresholds, though these results varied based on impairment and sex. Endorsement of impulsive sex and chronic suicidality were consistently associated with lower indicator thresholds among SM groups; lower BPD, internalizing and externalizing factor levels were necessary for item endorsement for SM individuals. Chronic suicidality and impulsivity criteria may conflate BPD-related variance with SM-specific factors, potentially non-pathological SM group norms, and minority stress processes. Implications for equitable diagnosis and future research on the BPD syndrome in SM populations are discussed.
How can I reduce bias in my work? Discussing debiasing strategies for forensic psychological assessments
Authors: Oberlader Verena , Schmidt Alexander F. , Banse Rainer , Quinten Laura
Published: July 2024

Bias is an inherent phenomenon of information processing that can occur whenever human brains are involved. In forensic psychological assessments, bias threatens the reliability and validity of the conclusions about, for example, the credibility of witness’ statements, the risk of reoffending, child custody, or the competency to stand trial. Given the far-reaching consequences of forensic psychological assessments for individuals and society, it is important to identify strategies to minimize the risk of bias. In this article, we apply a process-oriented understanding of bias to the context of forensic psychological assessments. In doing so, we bring together theoretical considerations and empirical findings on how to combat bias. We show how debiasing strategies can be implemented in the individual tasks of forensic psychological assessment and evaluate their challenges and limitations in this field of application. We provide five key messages for forensic psychological practitioners that include expert training, transparent documentation, using standardized procedures, masking irrelevant case information, and applying alternative hypotheses approaches, and we discuss the potential of generative artificial intelligence to help debiasing.
Social Virtual Reality Elicits Natural Interaction Behavior with Personalized and Generic Avatars
Authors: Son Gayoung , Rubo Marius
Published: July 2024

Social Virtual Reality (VR) allows to interact in shared virtual environments while embodying computerized avatars which display behavior in real-time. The technique mimics real social interactions in its preservation of the spatial relatedness of social gaze and other facets of non-verbal behavior, but the extent to which people behave naturally in such artificial situations remains largely unknown. Here we show in 128 participants who interacted in dyads that the coordination of gaze and speech behavior closely follows patterns known from face-to-face interactions: eye gaze to a partner’s eye region was relatively enhanced while listening compared to while speaking and at the end of a speaking turn compared to the beginning of a turn. Gaze, speech and smiling behavior were sensibly adapted to differing conversation topics (small talk, personal talk, talk about conflicting opinions). In contrast to written communication on the internet, anonymization – here realized using generic as opposed to personalized avatars – was not associated with behavioral disinhibition or any differences in subjective experience, possibly due to a closeness-generating effect of direct eye contact despite the concealment of one's own and the interaction partner’s identity. Our results indicate that social VR elicits natural interaction behavior and may be used to implement anonymized face-to-face interactions without the negative side-effects often associated with anonymization.
The mental health care system for children and adolescents in Greece: a scoping review and structure assessment
Authors: Marchionatti Lauro Estivalete , Schafer Júlia , KARAGIORGA VASILIKI EIRINI , Balikou Panagiota , Mitropoulou Andromachi , Serdari Aspasia , Moschos Giorgos , Athanasopoulou Lilian , Basta Maria , Simioni André Rafael , Vicenzi Julian , Kapsimalli Efstathia , Tzotzi Alexandra , Mitroulaki Sotiria , Papanikolaou Katerina , Triantafillou Kalliopi , Moustaka Dimitra , Saxena Shekhar , Evans-Lacko Sara , Androutsos Christos , Salum Giovanni , Koumoula Anastasia , Kotsis Konstantinos
Published: July 2024

The mental health system in Greece faces challenges to complete its transition to a community-oriented model, with particular concerns for child and adolescent mental care due to lower coverage and service gaps. The aim of this study is to perform a scoping review of the mental health care system providing care to children and adolescents operating in the country. We initially review the National Health Care Service (ESY), encompassing its governance, participating agents, financing, coverage, organizational structure, and the range of services offered. Then, we review the mental health care system embedded within ESY, tracing its historical development from the psychiatric reform to its current state. We outline the system’s structure, organization, available services, human resources, and coverage, with specific focus on child and adolescent care; psychoeducational facilities within the school system are also reviewed. For a situational analysis of service availability and distribution, we mapped facilities providing mental health care to children and adolescents, uncovering underserved regions. Our assessment reveals an established framework for a community-oriented, universal access, mental health system, yet facing several barriers to its full realization, including an inconsistent primary healthcare system, a shortage of specialists in the public sector, imbalanced distribution of services, lack of coordination of care across providers, substantial underfunding and absence of quality monitoring. To address these challenges, we explore potential interventions that have proven effective in analogous scenarios, encompassing strategies to promote child and adolescent mental health in primary care, coordinate patient pathways, establish standards of care, and monitor performance.
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM IMPLEMENTATION IN SEMANTIC CLASS
Authors: Farida Farida , Purwanti Indah Tri , Eliwarti Eliwarti
Published: July 2024

This research aims to examine the influence of the use of learning media on students’ learning motivation and learning outcomes in creative economics courses at an education department of one university in Indonesia. The research was carried out employing a quantitative approach with descriptive research methods. The population of this research is undergraduate students from three classes (2019 -2021 cohorts) at this department with a total population of 232 students. They were selected using the Simple Random Sampling method so that the number of samples taken was 70 students. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was distributed to respondents via the Google Form. Data analysis was carried out using regression analysis with the path analysis method to test the research hypothesis. This study found that: 1) the use of learning media has a positive effect on students’ learning motivation; 2) learning motivation has a positive effect on students’ learning outcomes; 3) the use of learning media has a positive effect on students’ learning outcomes (with learning motivation as a mediator). These findings imply that the use of learning media is highly recommended for improving students’ learning outcomes. This influence becomes greater when learning motivation is used as a mediator. This study also shows that learning motivation acts as an intermediary between the use of learning media and students’ outcomes.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ICT COMPETENCE AND SELF-EFFICACY TOWARD EFL LEARNING AUTONOMY
Authors: Putri Syadza Adila , Hadriana Hadriana , Eliwarti Eliwarti
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of information and communication technology (ICT) competence and self-efficacy in promoting autonomous learning. The study involved first-year students enrolled in the English Department at public universities located in Pekanbaru, Riau Province. Participants were required to complete three questionnaires, one for each of the three variables: ICT competence, self-efficacy, and learning autonomy, all in the context of English as a foreign language learning. The questionnaires were administered using a five-level Likert scale. The data collected was then analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis, specifically employing the regression correlation technique. The results showed that the level of ICT competence, self-efficacy, and learning autonomy of the English Department students are all defined in the “high” level. ICT competence and self-efficacy each contribute positively to learning autonomy, respectively by 21.7 and 43.4 percent. ICT competence and self-efficacy simultaneously have a favorable impact on participants' learning autonomy, contributing up to 45.5 per cent.
IDENTIFYING ELEMENTS OF INTERCULTURALISM AND LANGUAGE MEDIATION IN THE “MODERN GREEK PAIDEIA” PROGRAM
Authors: Pichas Alexandros
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the intricate tapestry of interculturalism and language mediation within the textbooks of the 8th grade of the program “Modern Greek Paideia”, which is being used for the teaching of Greek as heritage language in “Aristotle” school, the only primary school in Toronto that the Hellenic Republic recognizes. More precisely, using discourse analysis as a method, the reconstitution of the whole cultural relationship between the dominant culture and the target culture is done through the cultural elements that exist in the textbook’s activities and images. This aims to show that foreign-language teaching textbooks play an important role in configuring multicultural societies with intercultural competence and acquiring a second language in diasporic environments. The present study is structured into the following two parts. First, a literature review of second/foreign language acquisition theories, intercultural education and teaching Greek as diasporas was conducted. Second, the textbook was analysed before the results were presented, and a discussion about teaching Greek as a heritage language was held. This research contributes to the burgeoning discourse on intercultural education and language pedagogy by offering empirical evidence and practical insights into fostering intercultural competence and linguistic mediation skills among young learners. Ultimately, the findings aim to inform curriculum design and pedagogical approaches that promote inclusive and culturally responsive education within the “Modern Greek Paideia” program and beyond.
Science Teachers’ Professional Development at Tribhuvan University: Bridging the Policy-Implementation Gap
Authors: Acharya Kamal Prasad
Published: July 2024

This study explores how to bridge the policy-implementation gap in science teachers’ professional development at the Faculty of Education, Tribhuvan University. Keeping with the sequential mixed-method design of Creswell and Poth (2016), this study uses a QUAN-qual research design. Science education teachers teaching at the Bachelor's and Master's degree programs are the participants of this study. Forty-one respondents for the quantitative survey and six in-depth interviews were taken for the collection of data. Census sampling was taken for the survey, and purposive sampling was chosen to collect qualitative data. A structured survey questionnaire that adheres to Flick's (2019) standards captures quantitative data collection, whereas in-depth interviews and the use of inductive techniques like open coding and thematic content analysis capture quantitative data. The result shows that 4.9% of teachers took item analysis training, 7.3% of them got the opportunity to prepare, and 46.3% did not get the possibility. The study found the significance of institutional support and cooperative efforts for Science Education teachers' preparedness. This study offers implications for educational policymakers, administrators, and practitioners looking to improve the caliber of Science Education. It also acts as a prelude to a thorough investigation into the nuances of science teachers' professional development at the Faculty of Education, Tribhuvan University.