bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ацилирование 4'-амино-1H-спиро[циклогептан-1,2'-нафталин]-3'-карбонитрила
Authors: Маркосян А. И. , Айвазян А. С. , Габриелян С. А. , Мамян С. С. , Арсенян Ф. Г.
Published: September 2022

На базе 4'-амино-1'H-спиро[циклогептан-1,2'-нафталин]-3'-карбонитрила (аминонитрил) синтезированы дизамещенный и монозамещённые амиды. Из монозамещенных амидов в токе сухого хлористого водорода получены соответствующие бензо[h]хиназолины. Из 2-фенил¬замещённого бензо[h]хиназолина синтезирован 3-метил-2-фенилбензо[h]хиназолин. Конденсацией аминонитрила с дихлорангидридом янтарной кислоты получен 4'-(2,5-диоксо¬пирролидин-1-ил)-1'H-спиро[циклогептан-1,2'-нафталин]-3'-карбонитрил. Изучены противо¬опухолевые и антибактериальные свойства синтезированных соединений. В результате иссле-дований установлено, что изученные соединения обладают противо¬опухолевой активностью и не проявляют антибактериальной активности.
Синтез и бромирование аммониевых солей, содержащих две аллильные группы
Authors: Гюльназарян А. Х. , Саакян Т. А. , Еремян А. Б. , Айвазян А. Г.
Published: September 2022

С использованием межфазного катализатора – триэтилбензиламмоний хлорида, раствора NaOH и вторичного амина разработан одностадийный метод синтеза аммониевых солей, содержащих две аллильные группы. Осуществлено бромировавние полученных солей с целью выяснения возможности протекания циклизации, как в случае дипропаргильных аналогов, или образования линейных продуктов присоединения. С помощью ЯМР спектроскопии и рентгенструктурного анализа одназначно доказано, что результатом реакции является образование линейных продуктов присоединения к кратной связи.
Скрипичное наследие Александра Афанасьевича Спендиарова
Authors: Иванов Андрей
Published: September 2022

Статья посвящена роли скрипки в творческой биографии А.А. Спендиарова.
Даётся обзор исполнительской деятельности Спендиарова-скрипача. Прослеживается
история возникновения скрипичных миниатюр и их тематические особенности. Подчёркивается исключительная роль скрипки в драматургии оперы «Алмаст». Выявляются
источники скрипичного стиля композитора, его связи с русской и французской композиторскими школами.
Александр Спендиарян в контексте современности
Authors: Хараджанян Раффи
Published: September 2022

В материале ставится цель привлечь внимание к ряду стереотипов, касающихся
творчества А.А. Спендиаряна и его личности. Да, безусловно, это великий армянский
классик, основоположник армянской симфонической музыки. Но имеются и иные пласты в
творчестве Спендиаряна, во многом обусловленные образом его жизни, а также присущим данному художнику особым творческим отношением к различным музыкальным культурам, интересом к чертам их своеобразия и способам воплощения. Об этом нельзя забывать.
Не следует недооценивать и роль либреттиста оперы «Алмаст» С. Парнок в
создании произведения, к которому Спендиарян шел годами. Это была неординарная
личность, поэт, а также пианистка. Работала со Спендиаряном в течение четырех лет.
Особого внимания заслуживает круг общения Спендиаряна, в который входили крупные
творческие личности того времени, равно как и сам его превосходный дом на Екатерининской улице 3, который стал своего рода центром музыкальной культуры Ялты.
SISTEMA AGROFLORESTAL PARA PEQUENA PROPRIEDADE RURAL
Authors: Carboni Marina
Published: September 2022

Sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) tem sido uma alternativa sustentável e econômica de gerar renda durante todo ano para pequenos produtores rurais. Esses sistemas buscam aumentar a biodiversidade e manter a funcionalidade dos ecossistemas da propriedade utilizando um consorcio de espécies com diferentes funções. Diante disso, esse estudo teve por objetivo propor um sistema agroflorestal para uma pequena propriedade no município de Jaú/SP, através de um Diagnóstico Rural Participativo e monitorar seu desenvolvimento. O SAF em estudo foi composto por Milho (Zea maiz Vell.), Feijão Guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.), Banana (Musa L.), Abacaxi (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. ), Café (Coffea arábica L.), Limão (Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck), Mamão (Carica papaya L.), Margaridão (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.), grãos de Girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) e Crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.), além dos componentes florestais: Capixingui (Croton floribundus Spreng.) e Aroeira pimenteira (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi), e foi implantado em uma área de 0,23 ha disponibilizada pelo produtor, em antigo pomar de limão tahiti. O SAF foi implantado e acompanhado durante 4 meses, de novembro de 2020 a março de 2021, recebendo manutenção constante para o controle de plantas invasoras, adubação e reposição de mudas. A mortalidade das espécies plantadas foi inferior a 13% entre as espécies perenes do sistema (banana, capixingui, mamão, milho e café). Para a obtenção desse resultado foi necessária a instalação de irrigação para as mudas de café. As falhas e êxitos obtidos com o desenvolvimento deste projeto, podem servir como aprendizado para a elaboração de novos sistemas agroflorestais na mesma propriedade e em outras semelhantes.

Palavras-chave: Monitoramento. Pequenas Propriedades. Agroecologia. Agricultura Sustentável. Diagnóstico Rural Participativo.
‘If You Can’t Beat ’em, Join ’em’: An Argument for US Support of and Participation in INSTEX
Authors: A. Preble Keith
Published: September 2022

US policymakers have said little in response to the Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX) and its efforts to seemingly undermine US economic sanctions by downplaying its significance and making a single threat of severing European access to the US financial system. Should INSTEX be feared? INSTEX, which currently has ten European members, has been marketed as a humanitarian mechanism largely directed toward Iran to preserve the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action and mitigate the impact of US economic sanctions by helping to facilitate trade in medicines, medical devices, food, and other humanitarian goods. I argue that US efforts to quash or undermine INSTEX are counterproductive to US interests and US foreign policy and that the US should work collaboratively with Europe in both the development of INSTEX and, ultimately, through participation in it. I discuss how INSTEX’s commitment to Financial Action Task Force (FATF) principles makes it an important outlet through which the US can not only shape its development and implementation but also in helping to generate goodwill throughout the international community by permitting trade in humanitarian goods through reliable channels. Failure to address the development of this nascent special purpose vehicle has long-term implications for US foreign policy by weakening the effectiveness of economic sanctions and US financial dominance.
Secondary Sanctions: Why the US Approach Is Unlawful and the EU’s Response Is Ineffective
Authors: C. R. Terry Patrick
Published: September 2022

In recent years, the United States has increasingly reverted to imposing secondary sanctions on friends and foes alike. Realizing that other major economic actors, such as the European Union, China and India, are very often unwilling to follow the United States’ foreign policy dictum, and exploiting its position as a major economic power and holder of the world’s reserve currency, the United States has begun penalizing third state actors that continue trading with US primary sanction targets. In some cases, that has gone so far as to lead to the issuance of US arrest warrants and the subsequent arrest of third state citizens for violating US sanction laws while engaged in transactions that took place outside of the US. Seen from an international law perspective, such conduct raises jurisdictional issues. I will explain that the US cannot rely on any jurisdictional principle recognized by the international community to justify its approach to secondary sanctions. In fact, the international community has come to reject the US modus operandi of imposing secondary sanctions as unlawful, creating a customary international law prohibition. I will then examine the European Union’s ineffective response by imposing a Blocking Statute and, in the case of Iran, by creating a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV).

Secondary Sanctions, Customary International Law, Jurisdiction, Blocking Statute, Special Purpose Vehicle
Implementation of the European Youth Guarantee and the Right to Work: A Comparative Analysis of Traineeship Programmes Under the EU Active Labour Market Policy
Authors: Eleveld Anja , Bazzani Tania , De Le Cour Alexandre , Staszewska Ewa
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the consistency between the implementation of the EU Youth Guarantee and the fundamental right to work. Focusing on the use of traineeships as an implementation instrument, it explores various types of national Active Labour Market Policies (ALMP) for young unemployed people in Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and Poland. The case studies show that it remains to be seen whether the traineeships considered in this research comply with the right to work. The authors argue for the need to strengthen the Youth Guarantee to accord with the right to work, so that in addition to the right to a first job, it ensures that work-related instruments include the provision of effective training, as well as the right to equal pay for work of equal value, and decent working conditions. This is particularly important in view of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that has had an unprecedented economic impact in the EU and is likely to result in another dramatic upsurge in the number of young unemployed.

Youth Guarantee, Right to Work, NEETs, Traineeships, Decent Work, Equal Pay, Active Labour Market Policies
An Essay on Liberty, Freedom and (Decent) Work
Authors: Biasi Marco
Published: September 2022

The essay seeks to frame the issue of Decent Work for All by means of Hannah Arendt’s conception of freedom and liberty. In Arendt’s view, liberty was the proper rationale for early labour legislation, which purported to liberate the individual from the chattels of slavery and exploitation by preserving the voluntary nature of the agreement to provide labour. In the stage of full development of labour law, a primary need in both Liberal Market Economies (such as the US) and Social Market Economies (such as Germany) was to strike a difficult but necessary balance between the employer’s liberty to conduct the business and the workers’ collective freedom. With the promotion of Decent Work, as a broad guideline for policymakers and not a binding regulation of any kind, labour law is reconsidering its focus on the person, with the aim of granting individuals the possibility to achieve their (neo)liberation from basic economic needs, as well as from the domination of others. Once liberated from those two constraints, individuals are in a position to effectively aspire to the collective dimension of freedom, which, in Arendt’s terms, consists of the possibility of the individual to contribute on an equal footing to societal development.

Liberty, Freedom, Decent Work, Neo-Liberation
Competition Law and Sports Governance: Disentangling a Complex Relationship
Authors: Colomo Pablo Ibáñez
Published: September 2022

Cases like International Skating Union and Super League show that the application of EU competition law to rules adopted by sports governing bodies is complex and occasionally controversial. This article discusses the peculiarities of sports as an activity and addresses the implications for Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. It shows, first, that the relationship between individual participants in a tournament is best described as co-opetitive, in the sense that their viability and success depend on sustained cooperation. Second, the emergence of a regulatory structure is inevitable. Third, tensions – of a horizontal and a vertical nature – are bound to emerge within an association. These tensions are explained, inter alia, by the opportunistic behaviour of individual participants (which may seek to benefit from the joint venture while simultaneously undermining it).

The case law accounts for the peculiarities of sports. Measures aimed at addressing opportunistic conduct within a cooperative structure (such as the non-compete obligations imposed by governing bodies) do not have, as their object, the restriction of competition and do not invariably have anticompetitive effects, which are to be established case-by-case. Absent exclusive or special rights, moreover, governing bodies are not subject to a general duty of non-discrimination vis-à-vis competing organizations.
CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM FOR LOW TEMPERATURES USING NATURAL FLUIDS
Authors: Rangel Victor Bitencour , Almeida Antonio Gabriel Souza , Almeida Francisco Souza , Duarte Luiz Gustavo da Cruz
Published: September 2022

Cascade refrigeration systems work with two or more serial disposed cycles and can obtain internal temperatures below -60°C, which is necessary for several activities in medicine and scientific research. This paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of cascade system refrigeration using natural refrigerant fluids for ultra low temperatures. These fluids areenvironmentally friendly refrigerant and are an alternative to hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and to hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Energy and exergy analyses were performed using a thermodynamic model based on the law of conservation of massand also on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. A simulator was developed to assess the technical practicability of this system, considering it running as a real refrigeration cycle.
MUSEU, ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA E EDUCAÇÃO EM SEXUALIDADES: REFLEXÕES DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Dos Santos Joaquim , De Sales Ana Cristina , De Sousa Maria Arleilma Ferreira
Published: September 2022

Este artigo reflete sobre as potencialidades do debate sobre relações de gênero e sexualidades nos museus comunitários. Para isso, toma como ponto de reflexão uma experiência educativa promovida pelo Museu Casa da Memória de Porteiras, localizado no município de Porteiras, situado no Cariri cearense e que possui cerca de 15.000 habitantes. O estudo analisa como os membros do Grupo Retratores da Memória de Porteiras (REMOP), fundador e gestor do Museu, promoveram ações de formação de públicos amplos, trabalhando as relações de gênero e sexualidades, e que perspectivas e abordagens fundamentaram tais ações. Nos dias 17 e 18 de maio de 2013, dentro da programação da 11ª Semana Nacional de Museus, a Casa da Memória promoveu o VI Seminário Regional Espaço Aberto à Cultura (ESPACULT), que aprofundou o tema Memória e Sexualidade. Com uma programação diversificada, o evento foi amparado nos PCNs e na perspectiva dos direitos culturais, em diálogo com o multiculturalismo. A experiência demonstrou possibilidades de práticas de educação em sexualidades nos espaços não escolares.
PEDAGOGIA E INFÂNCIA
Authors: Dos Santos Adelcio Machado , Twardowski Rita Marcia , Caetano Audete Alves dos Santos , Leffer Danielle Martins , Escher Alisson André
Published: September 2022

Partindo da premissa de que a educação é um processo diário e durável, reputa-se que se deve atribuir uma preocupação tão representativa com o futuro. Cumpre examinarmos, nesse passo, que a criança é um ser que guarda em si um espírito crítico e aguçado. O elemento primordial de acordo com magistério de Meira (2002), no processo de educação infantil, não é a ascensão social, mas o ato de desvencilhar o homem de suas amarras, de sua cegueira. Por essas vias, mostra-se que devemos aprender a observar a realidade em seu particular, pois somente com isto se respeitará não a profissão, mas o homem que a exerce. Por derradeiro, neste contexto, faz-se mister assinalar que na educação infantil brasileira, no ato de cuidar/educar, a escola tem como sujeito a criança/aluno, o objeto fundamental é o ensino nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento e o meio efetivo de aprendizagem consiste nas aulas.
MEIO AMBIENTE, MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS E SEUS IMPACTOS NA SAÚDE COLETIVA
Authors: Santos Adelcio Machado
Published: September 2022

A preservação do Meio Ambiente e projetos voltados ao tema da sustentabilidade. impulsionam a ideia da construção de modelos viáveis e organizados para o enfrentamento de grandes desastres ambientais e alterações na saúde pública. Os efeitos do crescimento da população humana e a aceleração das atividades socioeconômicas impactam diretamente no ambiente que, ao gerar desordens dos ecossistemas naturais, impacta na saúde e no bem-estar dos indivíduos. Assim, busca-se nesse estudo, através da revisão de literatura, fazer um debate teórico entre diversos autores sobre conceitos de políticas públicas, Meio Ambiente, Sustentabilidade e Saúde Coletiva, com vistas a levantar indagações e reflexões sobre os problemas climáticos e de saúde coletiva que a atual sociedade mundial vem enfrentando, com foco especial, no Brasil. Como forma de pesquisa, foi utilizada a revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir de fontes secundárias publicadas sobre os temas encontrados nas bibliografias.
RELIGIOSIDADE DOS SÍMBOLOS E MISTICISMO NO CERRADO SUL - MATO - GROSSENSE
Authors: Dilkin Eliane Rosa da Silva , Matias Rosemary , De Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck , Hoff Sandino , Alves Gilberto Luiz
Published: September 2022

A pesquisa da cidade de Corguinho despertou a investigações seja no campo da exploração e desenvolvimento regional que ocorreu até sua emancipação de município. Com isto é apresentado o processo da fundação do município, o histórico dos garimpeiros e suas relações com o ambiente. As características de localização e o reconhecimento de uma região de Zona de Proteção da Planície Pantaneira. A premissa deste estudo tem como base investigar misticismo no Brasil. A dúvida se manifesta por ser mero charlatanismo por quem realmente alimenta esse mercado e ao mesmo tempo é percebida uma fragilidade devido à pobreza da população, que ainda disputa pela posse de terra, ocupadas pelos fazendeiros e por outro lado, a ufologia que disputam também o poder pela localidade, onde foram legitimados os contatos paranormais. A região não restringe somente ao município de Corguinho, visto que em todo o processo de seu desenvolvimento é destacado seus municípios vizinhos.
DÖVİZ KURLARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMININ İNCELENMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BÜBERKÖKÜ Önder , KIZILDERE Celal , SEVİMLİ ÖRGÜN Gamze
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada Euro, İngiliz sterlini, Japon yeni, Brezilya reali, G.Afrika randı, Meksika pesosu ve G.Kore wonu ile Türk lirası arasındaki getiri ve volatilite yayılımı Cheung-Ng (1996) testi ile incelenmiştir. Analizlerde volatilite serilerindeki yapısal kırılmalar da dikkate alınmıştır. Volatilitenin modellenmesinde FIGARCH modelinden, volatilite serilerindeki yapısal kırılmaların belirlenmesinde ise Bai ve Perron (1998, 2003) testinden yararlanılmıştır. Getiri yayılımına ilişkin bulgular; Japon yeni, İngiliz sterlini, Meksika pesosu ile G.Afrika randından Türk Lirasına doğru tek yönlü bir getiri yayılımının söz konusu olduğunu; Türk lirası ile Brezilya reali, Euro ve G.Kore wonu arasında ise çift yönlü bir getiri yayılımının bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Volatilite yayılımına ilişkin bulgular ise inceleme kapsamındaki tüm para birimlerinin volatilitesinin Türk lirası volatilitesi üzerinde etkili olduğunu, fakat Türk lirası volatilitesinin daha çok kendi iç dinamiklerinden kaynaklandığını göstermektedir. Çalışma bulguları hem uluslararası yatırımcılar hem de politika yapıcılar için önemli sonuçlar içermektedir.
Factors Associated with Occupational Sickness in Employess of PT. Virtue Dragon Nickel Industry
Authors: Hasda Hasda , Azizi Jayadipraja Erwin , Mendri Ketut , Harun Aziz
Published: September 2022

Introduction: According to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 24 processing and refining facilities are operating in Indonesia as of the end of 2017, consisting of 15 nickel smelters, 4 iron smelters, and 2 bauxite smelters, 2 manganese smelters, and 1 copper smelter. One of the nickel smelters that have been operating to date is PT. Dragon Virtue Industry located in Morosi Village, Kec. Morosi, Kab. Konawe.

Method: This type of research is quantitative research with explanatory survey method, research that explains causality and hypothesis testing. located near 71 employees who visit and seek treatment at the health centers, a sample is taken from the formula so that a sample of 60 people is obtained.

Result: From the results of the study, it is known that there is a relationship between Worker Age, Length of Work, Length of Work, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment with work-related events or diseases, where workers over 40 years of age can experience work-related illnesses.

Conclusion: it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between all variables and it is hoped that workers will have more self-protection by adjusting their abilities and age in doing work and for companies or industries they are expected to put more pressure on occupational health and safety officers to be more optimal in supervising workers in the company.
Factors Relating to the Success of the Health Information System at the Buton District Health Center
Authors: Dilla Sitti Marni , Tasnim Tasnim , Amraeni Yunita , Selviana Arizka
Published: September 2022

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Introduction: Program planning that has been carried out so far has not been carried out according to procedures due to inadequate human resources; organizing; Cooperation and Coordination; strengthening of data sources; management of data on utilization and development of resources, operation of the Electronic Health System; development of Health Information System; weak monitoring and evaluation; and there is no coaching and supervision. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors related to the success of the health information system at the health center in the Buton district.

Method: This type of research is quantitative using a cross-sectional study design. This research has been carried out from January to February 2022. The population is all officers who are considered to have a role and responsibility for health services in the Buton district. with a total of 579 health workers in the Buton district who work at the Health Center, with a sample of 90 respondents using the Simple Random Sampling technique.

Result: Study found that there was a relationship between planning, organizing, cooperation, and coordination factors, strengthening data sources, data management, resource utilization and development, electronic system operation, monitoring, and evaluation of the Health Information System at the Buton District Health Center.

Conclusion: It is suggested the importance of monitoring and evaluating the readiness of the Health Center in implementing a more optimal Health Information System based on the completeness of the infrastructure, adding human resources according to the field.
Studies in the talchir flora of India,8. Miospores from the talchir boulder bed and overlying needle shales in the Johilla coalfield (M.P. India)
Authors: Lele K.M. , Chandra Anil
Published: September 2022

Miospore assemblages are, for the first time, recorded from the Talchir Boulder Bed and overlying Needle Shales in the South Rewa Basin: The Boulder Bed assemblage contains 13 genera and 20 species, while the Needle shales have 17 genera and 24 species. Both assemblages, having several common taxa, are predominated by monosaccate pollen as is generally characteristic of other known Talchir miofloras. In the details of composition, however, the Boulder Bed assemblage of South Rewa appears to be distinct from that recorded from similar sediments of the Jayanti Coalfield. The present findings lend further support to the existence of the Glossopteris Flora during course of the Gondwana glaciation.
Denkania Indica gen. et. sp. nov. A glossopteridean fructification from the lower gondwana of India
Authors: Surange K.R. , Chandra Shaila
Published: September 2022

Denkania indica is a female reproductive organ probably of a Glossopteris species. It consists of a small petiolate, linear, fertile loaf with a broad midrib and anastomosing secondary veins. 5, 6 or more cupules borne on long, slender stalk spring from the basal portion of the leaf. Each cupule contains probably one large seed.
New plant fossils from the umias of Saurashtra
Authors: Borkar V.D. , Chiplonkar G.W.
Published: September 2022

This paper deals with new plant fossils collected recently from the Umias of Saurashtra (Kathiawar Beds). They include two new species, viz., Elatocladus longifolia sp. novo and Brachyphyllum regularis sp. novo Our collection has also revealed the presence of Eqttisetum rajmahalensis (Oldham & Morris) Feistmantel, Gleichenia nordenskioldi Heer, Araucarites macropterus Feistmantel and Pagiophyllum cf. P. divaricatum (Bunbury) which were not so far known to occur in this region.

This series of Sandstones and Shales referred to as Kathiawar Beds by Oldham (1893) and Fox (1931), were placed by Fedden (1884) equivalent to Umias of Kutch and assigned Oolitic age. They are now generally regarded Wealden.

Rajnath's (1932) placing of the Bhuj stage (Umia Plant Beds of Kutch) in Middle Cretaceous would imply a similar position for these plant beds of Saurashtra, extending the time range of Matonidium goepperti (Etting.) into Middle Certaceous and perhaps also raising the Himmatnagar Sandstone to that level.

During our field work a new locality yielding an abundant and well preserved flora has been discovered near the famous temple of Tarnetar on Than-Dhrangadhra road.
Rodeites sahni reinvestigated II
Authors: Chitaley S.D. , Paradkar S.A.
Published: September 2022

The paper describes the structure of a 5 cm. long petiole bearing five Rodeites sporocarps one above the other in a row, collected from the Mohgaonkalan beds of the Deccan Intertrappean Series of India. It shows in T.S. a well-defined epidermis, aerenchymatous cortex and a central angular horse-shoe shaped robust vascular strand. On comparison with petioles of Marsilia, Pilularia and Regnellidium it is observed that the present petiole is different from them in thickness, arrangement of vascular tissues and in the number of protoxylem groups.

Eleven indusial septae are seen clearly in one of the sporocarps. They are attached to the inner side of the sporocarp wall.

The petiole bearing sporocarps and sporocarp with eleven indusial septae are being recorded here for the first time. Observations in this paper support the previous study of Rodeites sporocarps by the authors indicating that Rodeites was not identical with Regnellidium. but was an extinct fourth genus of Marsileaceae showing more resemblance to Marsilea than to Regnellidium. A new species Rodeites polycarpa is created in this paper.
Studies in the late quaternary vegitational history in Himachal Pradesh- 1. Khajiar lake
Authors: Sharma Chhaya , Singh Gurdip
Published: September 2022

The paper discusses the results of pollen analytical investigations of Late-Quaternary deposits from Khajiar Lake in Himachal Pradesh.

At about 2000 B.C. the vegetational history begins with the predominance of oak woods. The oak woods along with some associated elements remain dominant throughout the pollen sequence except for a temporary decline which corresponds to the rise in elm and walnut and dates to 150 A.D. This change is perhaps suggestive of deforestation. Oak woods again declined at about 700 A.D. and were replaced by deodar. This change in vegetation is attributed to the biotic factor.
Studies in the late quaternary vegetational history in Himachal Pradesh- 2. Rewalsar lake
Authors: Sharma Chhaya , Singh Gurdip
Published: September 2022

The paper embodies the results of pollen analytical investigations carried out at Rewalsar lake in Himachal Pradesh. The whole pollen sequence has been divided into several stages (a-e) as to facilitate the description of the pollen diagram. The Rewalsar lake is nearly 800 cm deep and is C-14 dated at two levels, i.e., 170 and 290 cm to 520 ± 55 and 1410 ± 60 years B.P. respectively. The date for bottom portion of the profile can be extrapolated to about 4000 years B.P. and thus whole sequence belongs to the "Post-glacial period ".

The vegetational stages as marked in the pollen diagrams to show the vegetational changes. The ‘Stage a’ the lowermost part of the lake basin is comprised of the forest in which oak appears to be the most dominant element followed by Pinus and Corylus with an undergrowth of grasses together with Artemisia and Cheno-Amarant. The succeeding ‘Stage b’ is almost in accordance with the preceding ‘Stage a’ except for a little rise in Quercus. ‘Stage c’ is differentiated from the preceding stages by the consistent rise in the values of Corylus and corresponding fall in the values of Quercus. The high altitude elements such as Pinus wallichiana, Abies, Picea and Cedrus have either gained or emerged during this stage. The ground flora except for minor fluctuations remains the same. ‘Stage d’ is marked by the tremendous decline in oaks and Corylus corresponding with a sudden rise in the values of Pinus roxburghii from the beginning of this stage. ‘Stage e’ is characterized by tremendous fall of Quercus giving pace to the grasslands comprising Gramineae Cyperaceae, Compositae, Artemisia, Cheno-Amarant type and Cerealia type.
Petrified palm stem, palmoxylon penchense sp. nov. from the deccan intertrappean beds of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Trivedi B.S. , Verma C.L.
Published: September 2022

The paper describes Palmoxylon penchense sp. nov. from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Madhya Pradesh, India. This species is characterized by the presence of lacunar ground tissue, absence of ventral sclerenchyma, absence of both radiating and tabular parenchyma and absence of stegmata both from the fibrous bundles and fibrous part of fibrovascular bundles. It is compared with all the known species of Palmoxylon.
Revision of some dicotyledonous woods from the Tertiary of south India
Authors: Awasthi N.
Published: September 2022

Five fossil dicotyledonous woods, namely Guttiferoxylon indicum Ramanujam (1960), Celastrinoxylon dakshinense Ramanujam (1960), Ingoxylon sahnii (Ramanujam) Miiller-Stoll & Madel (1967), Dalbergioxylon antiquum Ramanujam (1960) and Dipterocarpoxylon cuddalorense Navale (1963b) described from Murattandichavadi near Pondicherry have been reinvestigated. Of these, the first two species are identical with Ailanthoxylon indicum Prakash (1959) from the Deccan Intertrappean Series of Mahurzari near Nagpur. The occurrence of these two woods in the Cuddalore Series has been considered doubtful. The remaining three species show identity with the already known species Pahudioxylon sahnii Ghosh & Kazmi (1961) from the Tertiary of Tripura, Euacacioxylon bharadwajii (Navale) Miiller-Stoll & Madel (1967) and Terminalioxylon grandiporosum Ramanujam (1966) from the Cuddalore Series near Pondicherry respectively.
Palynological succession through Raniganj Formation (Upper Permian), Raniganj Coalfield, India
Authors: Tiwari R.S.
Published: September 2022

Raniganj Coalfiold is the type-area for the Raniganj Stage of the Damuda Series (Lower Gondwana). Palynological analysis of a bore-core in Dishergarh area of this coalfield suggests a constant and continuous preponderance of striate disaccate genera, without any remarkable miofloral break within the succession. Apiculate trilete, non-striate disaccate and monolete genera are next in order of frequency. The Raniganj mioflora can be differentiated from that of the underlying Barren Measures by the rarity of an enveloping monosaccate genus Densipollenites, and substantial increase of triletes, while from that of the overlying Lower Panchet by the paucity of Callumispora, mesosporoid trilete and taeniate disaccate genera.
Some plant fossils from the Gopad River Section near Nidpur, Sidhi District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Banerji J. , Maheshwari H.K , Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with some plant fossils collected from three different exposures along the Gopad River Valley near Nidhpur, Sidhi District. The important elements of the assemblages are Sphenopteris sp., Glossopteris (8 spp.), Scutum sp., Vertebraria sp., Taeniopteris sp., Dicroidium (3 spp.) and a few scale- and seed-like bodies. On the basis of the contained plant fossils, the stratigraphic positions of the three exposures have been discussed.
Fossil dicotwoods from the Tertiary of Assam
Authors: Prakash U. , Tripathi P.P.
Published: September 2022

Fossil woods of Cynometra and Melanorrhoea along with a Mangifera-like wood are described here from the Tipam sandstones near the town of Hailakandi in Cachar District, Assam. The fossil wood of Melanorrhoea is known for the first time from India and abroad.
On some plant fossils from the Pariwar Formation
Authors: Maheshwari H.K , Singh N.P.
Published: September 2022

The paper reports on plant megafossils found in the lower part of the Pariwar (Parihar) Formation exposod in the Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan. The plant fossils belong to the groups Filicales, Cycadales, Bennettitales and Coniferales. The identifiable species are: ?Gleichenites sp., Phlebopteris sp., Frond type I, Taeniopteris vitlata, T. densinervis, T. spatulata, Pterophyllum sp., Otozamites imbricatus, Ptilophyllum acutifolium, Elatocladus conferta, ?Elatocladus sp. and Pagiophyllum sp. In general composition the fossil assemblage is more akin to that known from the Kutch Basin of Gujarat, and is probably Upper Jurassic in age.
Cuticular studies of the reproductive organs of Glossopteris Part II - Cistella type Fructification Plumsteadiostrobus ellipticus gen. et sp. nov. attached on Glossopteris Taentoides feistmantel
Authors: Chandra Shaila , Surange K.R.
Published: September 2022

A Cistella type female fructification is described under a new generic 1 ame, Plumsteadiostrobus. It is attached on Glossopteris taenioides Feist. The leaf has similar cuticular characters as described by Srivastava for G. taenioides and by Pant and Nautiyal for an identical leaf but described under a new specific name. We prefer to retain Feistmantel's specific name: The female reproductive organ consists of a receptacle bearing a large number of small seeds arranged in close spiral all round it. The seed bearing receptacle is borne in the axil of a protective bract which closely covers the receptacle like a spathe. The bract and the receptacle is borne on a short common pedicel which is attached to the midrib of Glossopteris taenioides at a distance from the base of the leaf. The reproductive organ is thus adnate to the leaf, which means that the fructification is borne in the axil of the vegetative leaf. The female reproductive organ yields three types of cuticles, two belong to the protective bract and the third belongs to the receptacle. The receptacle cuticle possesses lens shaped openings on which ovules sit. The ovule must be drawing through this hole in the cuticle its vascular supply from the receptacle. The seeds are small, winged, orthotropous, platyspermic and were described by Pant and Nautiyal as Pterygospermum raniganjense in dispersed condition. The cells of the integument contain characteristic crystalline imprints. The nucellus is thickly cutinized and show excavated pollen chamber. Two winged pollen grains are very often found trapped in the pollen chamber. This Cistella type of fructification is distinct from Dictyopteridium and Scutum. One species, Plumsteadiostrobus ellipticus, is described here from the Raniganj Stage of the Raniganj Coalfield, India.
Permian-Triassic miofloras from the Raniganj coalfield, India
Authors: Bharadwaj D.C. , Tiwari R.S.
Published: September 2022

Core samples from the Bore hole NCRD-6 in Dishergarh-Asansol Region, Raniganj Coalfield have been palynologically analysed. The sporae dispersae have been assigned to 35 genera and 43 species, out of which 12 species are new. Statistical analysis of these samples suggests a 3-zone miofloral succession. The oldest zone is dominated by the striate-disaccates and corresponds to the mioflora of the Raniganj Stage (Upper Permian); the youngest zone is characterized by the decline of the striate forms alongwith the prominent incoming of new trilete organizations in the Panchet (Lower Triassic); the middle zone contains a mixed mioflora representing a transition between the youngest and the oldest. It has been concluded that as compared to the Upper Permian, the palynoflora changes in the Lower Triassic where the striate-disaccates appreciably decline and the triletes prominently take their place; the transitional palynoflora shows mixed elements. Comparison with the contemporary miofloral sequence from Ondal area of Raniganj Coalfield has revealed that the middle and upper zones encountered in NCRD-6 are absent there, substantiating thereby a sedimentological break between the Raniganj and Panchet formations in that area.
Fertile bracts and scales of Glossopteris fructifications from the Lower Gondwana of India
Authors: Chandra Shaila , Surange K.R.
Published: September 2022

Detached fertile scales and bracts of Glossopteris reproductive organs are described here. Eretmonia emarginata comb. nov., incorporating Stereocarpus emarginatus Surange, has been created. A new species of Glossotheca, G. immanis has also been described. The detached scales are referred to Glossopteris fructifications: Eretmonia, Glossotheca, Lidgettonia, Partha, Denkania, Dictyopteridium, Plumsteadiostrobus and Venustostrobus.
On the palaeobotanical evidence for continental drift and Himalayan uplift
Authors: Hsu J.
Published: September 2022

This paper provides some recent palaeobotanical evidence from Tibet. The Glossopteris flora from the Qubu Formation of Southern Tibet shows no relationship with the Gigantopteris flora of Northern Tibet. The fossil localities are only about 600 km apart from each other, yet these two floras are so distinct. They strongly support the view of continental drift that the India block drifted in Cretaceous from the south-eastern corner of Africa and later on in Eocene joined up with Asia to become its subcontinent.

The Cretaceous to Early Eocene flora obtained from Lhasa, Rikaze and Ali of Tibet do not show any relationship with the Deccan Intertrappean flora of India which demonstrates that the initial contact of the drifting India plate and the Eurasia plate began sometime after Early Eocene. The suture of these two plates perhaps lies in the belt of basic to ultrabasic rocks. along the Yalu Tsangpo valleys as suggested by some Chinese geologists.

The writer agrees with the view that the Himalayan uplift is due to the collision of the drifting India plate against the Eurasia plate. The Gandis Mountains may have been uplifted in the Eocene, earlier than the Himalayas. The Himalayan uplift probably began in Miocene, but went on more actively in the Quaternary. The uplift of the Tibetan plateau is also caused by the collision of these two plates, but the upheaval goes On gradually in Miocene.
The origin of Coconut
Authors: Mahabale T.S.
Published: September 2022

The paper discusses the views on the origin of coconut, Cocos nucifera L. and its near related genera and species. It has been pointed out that besides the view that it is American in origin, and the second view that it is Indo-Malayan in origin, a third view that it may have been of Indo-African in origin is discussed in the light of the various genera related to the genus Cocos. The characteristic differences between the fruits of Cocos nucifera, and small fruited American species are pointed out. Whereas in C. nucifera the fruit has highly fibrous-pericarp, the small fruited species like C. coronate, C. schizophylla etc. are full of mucilage and have no fibres. The germination of the two types of Cocos species is also different. It is 'Admotive' in C. nucifera and 'Remotive' in small seeded species. The author is inclined to accept the third view that it arose on some islands in Indian archipelago, Ceylon, Nicobar or some extinct islands in the Indian Ocean near the coast of East Africa.
On a ginkgoalean leaf from the Triassic of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Maheshwari H.K , Banerji J.
Published: September 2022

The paper records the first definite ginkgoalean leaf from the Indian Triassic sediments. The leaf is petiolate with semiorbicular lamina, basal angle about 200º and veins generally 1 mm apart. As the leaf is quite different from the known ginkgoalean species, it has been given a new name, viz., Ginkgoites goiraensis sp. nov.
Permian conifers of West Angaraland and New Puzzles in the coniferalean phylogeny
Authors: Meyen S.V.
Published: September 2022

Permian flora of West Angaraland contains many predecessors of the Mesozoic floras. Conifers of the area do not show evident links with Mesozoic members of the group, but they are phylogenetically significant because they do not fit current versions of the coniferalean phylogeny. In this respect the most interesting are representatives of the family Cardiolepidaceae (female capsules Cardiolepis, seeds Nucicarpus, leaves Phylladoderma, and Vesicaspora-like pollen), and the genera Sashinia gen. nov. and Slivkovia. Moot points of the coniferalean phylogeny proposed by Florin are discussed.
Palynological investigation of Akli Lignite, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Naskar Pronab , Baksi Subhendu Kumar
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the first account of the microfloral assemblage of Akli Lignite. The palynological assemblage of the lignite is recovered from the subcrop lignite of dug-well sections an around depth of 30 metres near Kapurdi (25°54'30": 71°22'30") (the well locally known as Bachal Singh Ka Kua). This is characterized by the dominance of angiosperms with subdued amount of pteridophytes, the gymnosperms being practically absent. 25 genera and 34 species of dispersed fossil spores and pollen grains are described. Of these, 1 genus and 9 species are new. The overall assemblage recovered so far at this preliminary stage of investigation suggests a Palaeocene-Eocene age for this lignite sequence.
Lowermost Jurassic spore-pollen assemblage from Canadian Arctic
Authors: Pocock S.A.J.
Published: September 2022

An assemblage of pollen and spores from the Upper part of the Heiberg Formation of Arctic Canada is illustrated and discussed. From its stratigraphic position and from the palaeontology of underlying and overlying strata, it is deduced that the assemblage must be older than the Sinemurian Stage of the Lower Jurassic, and younger than the FG subzone of the TK zone of Morbey (1975). The assemblage itself compares closely with that described from the Psilonoten Schichta of Eastern Germany by Schulz (1967). It is therefore postulated that the beds carrying the assemblage are Hettangian in age, correlating with the lower beds of the Blue Lias of Western Europe.
Araucaria indica and two other conifers from the Jurassic-Cretaceous rocks of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Sukh-Dev  , Zeba-Bano
Published: September 2022

This paper reports the occurrence of the living genus Araucaria in the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous flora of the Jabalpur Formation, Madhya Pradesh. The species of this genus, Araucaria indica (Sahni) n. comb., is based on leaves and seed-scales. Also, a new genus Satpuria is instituted to accommodate linear conifer leaves, the affinities of which are yet uncertain. Under this genus, S. sehoraensis n. sp. and Satpuria sp. are described from the same formation.
Studies in the Glossopteris flora of India - 44. Aniganj plant Megafossils and Microspores from Auranga Coalfield, Bihar
Authors: Srivastava A.K.
Published: September 2022

Eleven species of Glossopteris, viz., G. communis, G. sp. cf. G. nidpurensis, G. divergens, G. retifera, G. browniana, G. stricta, G. decipiens, G. fusa. G. sp., G. conspicua, G. leptoneura and scale leaves have been described in detail.

The miospore assemblage (18 genera & 36 species) is dominated by striate-disaccates and triletes alongwith a good percentage of Densipollenites. Three species, Faunipoilenites multistriatus, Striatopodocarpites haploxylonoides and Striatites obliquus are new.
Palynological dating of subsurface Triassic Strata near Durgapur, West Bengal
Authors: Tiwari R.S.
Published: September 2022

Palynological analysis of samples in Bore-hole RD-l near Durgapur, district Burdwan has suggested the presence of Triassic rocks in this region. In this eastern region of the Raniganj Coalfield no Lower Gondwana sediments are exposed and so far their presence was only conjuctured, but the present study confirming the presence of Triassic sediment, opens a probability of Permian deposition, an extension of the Raniganj Formation, beneath them. Two palynological assemblages, late Lower and the early Middle Triassic in age, have been identified - the latter with a so-far-unknown composition having cf. Striomonosaccites dominance, besides the usual Triassic palynomorphs.
Some more fossil woods from the Tertiary of Burma
Authors: Prakash U. , Bande M.B.
Published: September 2022

Fossil woods comparable to Shorea ovata of Dipterocarpaceae, Swintonia floribunda of Anacardiaceae, Albizia lebbek of Leguminosae, Careya arborea of Lecythidaceae, Lagerstroemia venusta of Lythraceae and Araucaria-Agathis of Araucariaceae have been described here from the Neogene of Burma. One more petrified wood Dipterocarpoxylon holdeni Gupta (1935) has been reinvestigated and found to belong to Cynometroxylon Chowdhury & Ghosh (1946) of the family Leguminosae. All these species except Araucaria-Agathis occur in the present day flora of Burma and nearby areas indicating a somewhat similar climate and vegetation in this region since the Neogene.
Morphographic study of some dispersed Trilete Miospores (Sub-Infraturma-Varitrileti) from the Lower Gondwana of India
Authors: Tiwari R.S. , Singh Vijaya
Published: September 2022

The sub-infraturma Varitrileti includes such trilete miospores which exhibit differential distribution of ornament as well as characteristic folds associated with the trilete rays. In the course of time, a number of genera were accommodated in this group and their stratigraphic significance was also indicated. The present investigation suggests that six genera could be delimited in this group, viz., Microbaculispora, Microfoveolatispora, Didecitriletes, Lacinitriletes, Brevitriletes, and Imparitriletes gen. nov. In the present work, attempts have been made to circumscribe the species of each genus on the basis of quantitative characters determined statistically after studying a number of specimens as well as the types. In all, 19 species have been recognized and described in detail. The distribution pattern of the species in each genus of this group has been ascertained on the basis of quantitative analysis of some well-dated sequences which collectively represent the Lower Gondwana formations.
Stratigraphy of the area around Matanomadh in North Western Kachchh with special reference to the Matanomadh formation
Authors: Saxena R.K.
Published: September 2022

Four stratigraphic sections were measured in order to cover as much outcrop area as possible and to know the lateral persistence of various lithic units, their thickness and exact order of superposition in the area around Matanomadh, north-western Kachchh. The stratal units mapped in the area are Bhuj, Deccan Trap, Matanomadh and post-Matanomadh formations.

Frequency analysis and the variation pattern observed in the spore-pollen assemblage provide ample evidence for biostratigraphic zonation of the Matanomadh Formation. On the basis of the first appearance, maximum development and decline of the various palynomorphs four biozones have been recognized within this formation. These are (in ascending order): (i) Barren Zone, (ii) Dandotiaspora dilata Cenozone, (iii) Couperipollis brevispinosus Cenozone, and (iv) Sponge Zone.
Peridermal activity (Wound repair) in an Early Devonian (Emsian) Trimerophyte from the Gaspe Peninsula, Canada
Authors: Banks H.P.
Published: September 2022

An unattached axis, cf. Psilophyton dawsonii, is cellularly preserved in pebbles found adjacent to those that include Psilophyton dawsonii Banks, Leclerq & Hueber, 1975. The axis shows clear evidence of periderm formation in part of its surface that may have been chewed by arthropods. It seems to be the oldest evidence yet discovered of any kind of periderm formation. Its age is late Emsian, a stage that extended from 374 to 370 million years ago.