bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediating modernity in Bali
Authors: Warren Carol
Published: March 2007

This essay explores the mediation of modernity in Bali through wayang puppet theatre and political cartoons. The representational practices of puppeteer and political cartoonist provide revealing comparisons of 'traditional' and 'modern' forms of mediation. Through these agents of popular culture and local critical discourse, the paper traces the interface between the monologic aspects of globalization and modernity - the expansion of capital and the rhetoric of progress - and the heteroglossic and carnivalesque preferences of the two popular genres. In this context, it pursues a particularly Bakhtinian interest in the relationship between elite and mass cultures at a crossroad of globalizing cultural and political forces. At another level, the paper points to theoretical problems raised by these mediating traditions for the analytic practices of ethnography and cultural studies.
Political Correctness Beliefs, Threatened Identities, and Social Attitudes
Authors: Lalonde Richard N. , Doan Lara , Patterson Lorraine A.
Published: March 2007

Two studies were conducted to assess the relationship between perceptions of political correctness (PC), threatened identities, and social attitudes. The first study focussed on 121 undergraduate students. As predicted, differences in beliefs about PC were found between members of social groups based on gender ideology and sexual orientation. Support also was found for the attitudinal hypothesis that more conservative views (e.g. right-wing authoritarianism, modem prejudice) would be associated with a belief in a PC movement and endorsement of a PC crusader stereotype. A second study conducted with 53 faculty members as respondents provided further support for the attitudinal hypothesis. In addition, it was found that faculty members tend to have more clearly integrated views about PC than students. The notion of political correctness is discussed in terms of group memberships (e.g. gender ideology), social attitudes, and as an issue that is worthy of social psychological analysis.
Leaders and Subgroups: One of Us or One of them?
Authors: Duck Julie M. , Fielding Kelly S.
Published: March 2007

In two experiments we examined responses to nomination of a leader from within a super ordinate group that comprised subgroups. In Experiment 1, the leader was aligned with the participant's subgroup (in group) or the other subgroup (out group), or the leader was non-aligned, belonging to both or neither subgroup. Results indicated that nomination of a leader made subgroup identity salient relative to a no leader control. Respondents expected aligned leaders, especially out group leaders, to favor their own subgroup and those with an out group leader were more biased themselves. In Experiment 2, members evaluated in group and out group leaders in contexts that emphasized intergroup competition (at the level of the super ordinate group) or intergroup competition (between the subgroups). Members were more satisfied with the leader in the inter group context, although context did not attenuate differences in evaluations of in group and out group leaders. Implications for leadership in groups and organizations are discussed.
Who are the Mobile Phone Have-Nots?
Authors: LEUNG LOUIS , WEI RAN
Published: March 2007

Grounded in the diffusion of innovations theoretical framework, this study focuses on examining who the mobile telephone have-nots are and what are the factors at work. Results of a telephone survey with a probability sample of 834 respondents show that the have-nots tended to be older females with lower household income and education attainment. They had pagers as an alternative and subscribed to no caller ID display service at home. This study also found a polarizing phenomenon in owning new telecommunications technologies. With the poor becoming poorer, the gap between haves and have-nots is widening. A hierarchy of relative influences on the intention to adopt a mobile phone suggests that the effects of age and social differences far outweigh that of the technological differences.
The Regulation of Argumentative Reasoning in Pedagogic Discourse
Authors: LOVE KRISTINA
Published: March 2007

This article examines the discursive practices evident in Whole-Class Text-Response Discussion (WCTRD) as a pervasive curriculum activity in secondary English classrooms in Australia. This site was selected as an important one in the social construction of adolescents as apprentice citizens capable of reasoning from text in culturally valued ways. Bernstein's model of pedagogic discourse provides a sociologically principled framework within which the construction of particular forms of argumentative reasoning can be examined, as these forms are regulated either through visible or invisible pedagogies. Halliday's model of social semiotics provides the linguistic tools for the examination of how institutionally privileged values and ways of reasoning are realized in the micro-semantic exchanges of two such whole-class text-response discussions; one regulated through a highly visible pedagogy and the other through a relatively invisible pedagogy.
School Marks and Teachers' Accountability to Colleagues
Authors: VERKUYTEN MAYKEL
Published: March 2007

Educational assessment and marking, in particular, give teachers considerable power over students and their future possibilities. Analysing a teachers' meeting discussing school reports in a secondary school showed that marking involves teachers' accountability to colleagues. An examination of the situated interpretations and explanations of unsatisfactory school marks also showed how various discursive devices were used for building a factual account. Confirmed expectations, extreme case formulations, introducing corroborating witnesses, the deployment of cited others, defining exceptional cases, detailed descriptions and narratives, and the use of different accounts all served to emphasize the role of the students and hide the teachers from view. In addition, teachers' joint constructions had practical consequences for remedial interventions. Decisions for intervention were dependent on the accounts given.
Values, Perceptions and European Integration
Authors: Saglie Jo
Published: March 2007

Which combinations of values and perceptions constitute the arguments in the debate on European integration? Using survey data from Norway's 1994 EU referendum, this article explores Norwegian voters' support for these arguments. Thus, the article highlights the perceptions and arguments of the EU debate, rather than support for European integration. Furthermore, the article explores how these arguments are structured in a multi-party context: Did voter arguments reflect the multi-party competition or the frontlines of the referendum? With the elite discourse as a starting point, I present hypotheses on polarization of arguments between pro- and anti-EU voters, standardization across party lines and the impact of cross-pressure. The hypotheses are generally supported by survey data, with the exception of arguments about national culture. Finally, I argue that research on conflicting perceptions of the EU will yield useful insights and bring political factors into the study of opinion regarding the EU. Divergent perceptions of the EU's policies and political order may be a fruitful subject for cross-national studies.
A Needs Assessment of People in the Eastern Health and Social Services Board (Northern Ireland) with Intellectual Disability and Dementia
Authors: Davies Mark , McGlade Anne , Bickerstaff David
Published: March 2007

This article details a study undertaken by the Eastern Health and Social Services Board (Northern Ireland) which aimed to identify the number of people with intellectual disability within this area who were diagnosed with or were thought to have dementia. The objectives of the study were to collate demographic details and to profile the needs of this group. Key workers were asked to provide this information and were invited to comment on gaps in existing service provision and on future needs. A number of findings emerged: diagnostic services were patchy; people with dementia were living in a range of residential settings; carers wished to care for their clients for as long as practically possible, but they required extra resources and training to do so; and some individuals with an intellectual disability were excluded from elderly services. A report was compiled incorporating 12 recommendations.
`All I Can Remember Were Tablets'
Authors: McClimens Alex
Published: March 2007

There is a growing tradition of narrative inquiry within the social sciences. However, more detailed attention is given here to its application to that group of people labelled as having learning difficulties. This is of consquence given the group's contested ontological status. Narrative is seen as a way of combating hegemonic tendencies and renegotiating identity formation and maintenance. The role of the author's voice in describing authentic experiences is considered in so far as it provides `explanations of the interaction between the individual and the social world' (Goodley, 1996: 336). This is seen as particularly relevant when the person who provides the raw material for the narrative is not the person who actually turns the material into a story. There is a metaphor available for the relationship of the informant to the researcher/writer.
Toleration and Reciprocity: Commentary on Martha Nussbaum and Henry Shue
Authors: Blake Michael
Published: March 2007

Rawls's Law of Peoples has not gathered a great deal of public support. The reason for this, I suggest, is that it ignores the differences between the international and domestic realms as regards the methodology of reciprocal agreement. In the domestic realm, reciprocity produces both stability and respect for individual moral agency. In the international realm, we must choose between these two values — seeking stable relations between states, or respect for individual moral agency. Rawls's Law of Peoples ignores the stark nature of this choice by insisting that the only legitimate extension of liberal toleration abroad is the toleration of different forms of political organization. It is this attempt to overcome liberalism's tragic dilemma which, I suggest, has made Rawls's international theory less attractive than his domestic theory. I also suggest that this difficulty is at the base of the further difficulties identified by Henry Shue and Martha Nussbaum in their accompanying essays.
Culture and Deception in Business Negotiations: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Triandis Harry C. , Carnevale Peter , Gelfand Michele , Robert Christopher , Wasti S. Arzu , Probst Tahira , Kashima Emiko S. , Dragonas Thalia , Chan Darius , Chen Xiao Ping , Kim Uichol , De Dreu Carsten , Van De Vliert Evert , Iwao Sumiko , Ohbuchi Ken-Ichi , Schmitz Paul
Published: March 2007

This article investigates the relationship between culture, personality, and deception in a simulated international management negotiation at multiple levels of analysis. `Deception' was operationalized here as the propensity to lie and bribe. As predicted, at the cultural level the results from a scenario study with 1583 participants from eight cultures suggested that cultural collectivism was positively related to reported use of deception in negotiations, and to greater emotional reactions (i.e. guilt, shame, and disgust) after the use of deception. At the individual level, however, the personality variable of allocentrism (consisting of behaviors found in collectivist cultures) was negatively related to the use of deception. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Family Caregivers’ Willingness to Pay for Drugs Indicated for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Werner Perla , Schnaider-Beeri Michal , Aharon Judith , Davidson Michael
Published: March 2007

The aim of the present study was to examine the willingness of family members caring for patients with probable Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) to pay for drug treatment, using the contingent valuation technique and the theory of planned behavior. A sample of 220 family members (68.2% F, mean age = 62.3; 59.8% spouses and the rest children) were interviewed regarding their willingness to pay (WTP) for drug treatment, their attitudes, normative expectations of significant others and perceived behavioral control. The mean WTP for drug treatment was estimated at about 60–80% of the retail price of the drug at the time of the study. Participants were willing to pay a significantly higher price when provided with information regarding side effects. Including psychological determinants (especially regarding affordability and normative expectations of significant others) improved an economic model. The understanding of decision-making processes in the framework of dementia should be expanded to include economic and psychological determinants.
The Reception of John Rawls in Europe
Authors: Laborde Cécile
Published: March 2007

The study of the reception of Rawls in Europe provides some insights into the persistence or erosion of national and European traditions of political thought since the 1970s. It notably allows us to test the relevance of the divide between `analytical' and `Continental' philosophy, and to measure the impact on political thought of the `liberal' turn of the 1980s. Reception should be seen not a process of absorption but as one of dialogue. The reception of Rawls can be approached along six axes of analysis: the themes, politics, areas, channels, temporality and geography of reception.
Homage To the Historical Jesus and Early Christian Devotion
Authors: Hurtado Larry
Published: March 2007

What continuity or discontinuity is there between the remarkable devotion to Jesus as divine figure in earliest Christianity and the sorts of homage/ reverence that was given to the earthly Jesus? The intra-canonical Gospels exhibit notable differences in the ways that they portray the homage given to Jesus in his ministry, particularly in the language that they prefer. Mat thew is distinctive in a programmatic portrayal of the homage given to Jesus by various figures as 'worship'. Collectively, however, the Gospels confirm that the worship of Jesus in 'post-Easter' Christian circles repre sents a significant development beyond the sorts of homage given to Jesus during his ministry.
Authorial Intent and Historical Reporting: Putting Spong's Literalization Thesis To the Test
Authors: Powell Mark
Published: March 2007

John Shelby Spong's thesis that a post-canonical process of literalization caused episodes in the Gospels to be misunderstood as historical narratives when they had been intended by their authors and received by their original readers as purely metaphorical tales does not hold up to the scrutiny of either literary or historical analysis. It is also theologically unnecessary, motivated apparently by a drive to legitimate a reading of the texts that is better obtained through a recognition of the hermeneutical limits of authorial intent, an appreciation for polyvalence, and an adoption of postmodern reading strategies.
Jesus, Judaism and the Covenant
Authors: Holmén Tom
Published: March 2007

This article seeks to illuminate Jesus' Jewishness by introducing the perspective of covenant and a new concept, covenant path searching. The concept reflects a phenomenon discernible in all Judaism of the time: the activity of trying to find out how to keep faithful to the covenant. The analysis suggests that Jesus refrained from such an activity thus remarkably departing from the contemporary covenant thinking. This does not necessarily mean detachment of Jesus from Judaism or that he should be pictured as an antinomian. The so-called eschatological covenant of later Old Testament prophetic books could offer an explanation. The texts foretell an inner knowledge of God's will which renders pursuing questions of covenant loyalty futile.
Core Beliefs
Authors: Swanson Richard A.
Published: March 2007

The Problem and the Solution. Many human resource development professionals find themselves missing rewarding opportunities and engaging in activities inconsistent with their core beliefs Articulating core beliefs is a critical step for individuals and organizations in realizing their visions and missions
Meta-Analysis Research and Theory Building
Authors: Yang Baiyin
Published: March 2007

The problem and the solution. Although meta-analysis has been widely recognized as a powerful empirical research method, it has not been well acknowledged that it can be a valuable tool for theory-building purposes. This chapter describes common meta-analytic approaches and outlines a process of building theory in applied disciplines through this approach. Contributions of meta-analysis to theory building are discussed in terms of its unique roles in the relationshipbetween theoreti cal constructs and empirical evidences. Both merits and disadvantages of the meta-analytic approach in theory-building research are discussed.
The Nature and Need for Informal Learning
Authors: Marsick Victoria J. , Volpe Marie
Published: March 2007

The Problem and the Solution. When organizations change, employees are challenged to learn continuously through both formal and informal means. Human resources developers need to know more about how to enhance such learning. Research suggests that work can be designed to make time and space for learning People learn more when they continually scan their environment, heighten their awareness around learning, pay attention to goals and turning points, and develop skills of reflection while taking action. Finally, people learn more easily in a culture of collaboration and trust
Injury Patterns in Women Resulting from Sexual Assault
Authors: SOMMERS MARILYN SAWYER , SCHAFER JOHN , ZINK THERESE , HUTSON LINDA , HILLARD PAULA
Published: March 2007

Although sexual assault is one of the fastest growing and most violent crimes in America today, we have much to learn about the best strategies for completing the forensic examination. This integrated review of the literature attempts to shed light on our current knowledge about the pattern and location of genital injuries caused by forced sexual intercourse. Three mechanisms exist for genital examination following sexual assault: direct visualization, staining, and colposcopy. In survivors of sexual assault, reported rates of genital injury vary, with investigators using direct visualization reporting the lowest rates (5%-53%) and investigators using colposcopy technique reporting the highest (68%-87%). In addition, the location of genital injury is important because it may be a mechanism to differentiate consensual from nonconsensual sex. Therefore, as the science develops, the severity, location, and pattern of genital injuries may be used to draw conclusions about the nature and intent of the assault.
Preparing Nurses to Promote Health-Enhancing Public Policies
Authors: Reutter Linda , Duncan Susan
Published: March 2007

Nursing leadership in policy development continues to be acknowledged as an important aspect of professional practice. The past decade of health services restructuring has led to a renewed emphasis on nursing’s role in health care policy; however, there is also a need to focus more broadly on policies outside the health care sector that influence health. A critical question is how to prepare nurses to influence the development of “healthy public policy.” This article describes shifts in thinking about policy in health and what this portends for nursing education. The authors argue that comprehensive preparation in public policy for nurses is an essential element of graduate education. The article describes faculty and student perspectives and experiences in the first offerings of the nursing graduate course, Promoting Health-Enhancing Public Policy. The article concludes with recommendations that may assist students to acquire knowledge regarding the policy process and approaches to policy advocacy.
Medicare: Lessons Learned by a Former Medicare Commissioner
Authors: Conway-Welch Colleen
Published: March 2007

As a member of the Bipartisan Commission on the Future of Medicare, this writer shares with readers the valuable lessons learned during the deliberations that focused on saving the ailing Medicare program. The author points out that although this prestigious group did not offer a “super majority opinion,” it did move the debate forward by focusing on current problems within the Medicare program and proposed a number of innovative approaches for reform, including use of a “premium support” and a prescription drug benefit. This writer contends that a “cure” for the Medicare program must revolve around choice, competition, and the use of market forces and efficiencies, along with a movement to a more consistent proven standard of care. Medicare’s ultimate future will depend on fixing health care from the bottom up.
The Controversy Surrounding Stem Cell Research
Authors: McCloskey Barbara A.
Published: March 2007

This article discusses the current political debate regarding federal funding for human embryo-derived stem cell research (EDSCR) including an overview of the controversy behind the issue and the legislation and political activity surrounding the topic. The main controversy about whether federal funds should be made available for EDSCR is related to the opposition’s utilitarian belief of the immorality of destroying or using human embryos for scientific research. As a result, the political discussion surrounding EDSCR falls into the category identified by Christopher Z. Mooney as morality policy. An overview of morality policy is also included to illustrate the differences between it and other types of public policy. A discussion about how nursing researchers and nurses as health policy analysts can contribute to the political debate on stem cell research is included.
Power, Politics, and Nursing in the United Kingdom
Authors: Maslin-Prothero Sian , Masterson Abigail
Published: March 2007

British politics have undergone a dramatic change as new types of political organizations have emerged in the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU), yet rarely do nurses receive a mention; they face constant difficulties placing their work on the political agenda. In comparison to the United States, UK nurses are the poor relations when it comes to politics and policy. Knowledge of the political system is vital if nurses are to be effective in influencing policy and the allocation of resources. Many UK nurses are uncomfortable with the idea of politics, seeing it as a distraction from their core purpose of care delivery, but politics affects every aspect of nursing at a macro and micro level. This article focuses on the experience of nurses in the United Kingdom with regard to power, politics, and nursing, examining the positive and negative effects of politics and how politics influences care and practice.
The Use of Polypropylene Nonwoven Geotextiles Impregnated with Bituminous Binder in Road Pavements
Authors: Levy Tom
Published: March 2007

Nonwoven geotextiles impregnated with bituminous binder will in crease the service life of roads by delaying reflective cracking and providing an im permeable membrane inside the pavement structure

This paper describes the use and the function of a specially designed thermally bonded, nonwoven polypropylene geotextile in repaving of cracked roads.

An important application of a major road near Losheim (Germany) is described.
On-Line Gauging, Control, and Benefits for the Coating/Laminating Process
Authors: Whiteman Rick
Published: March 2007

The increasing demand in the 1990s in the textile industry for im proved product quality, better cost control, and accountability has created a challenge for the gauging and control companies to develop systems that address these needs cost-effectively. This challenge is made even more difficult in the face of shorter runs, changing products, lighter coat weights, tighter specs, and varied finishing character istics.
Plasma Treatments of Textiles
Authors: Tomasino Charles , Cuomo J.J. , Smith C.B. , Oehrlein Gottleib
Published: March 2007

A review of plasma treatments of textiles is presented. The utility of plasma technology in processing textiles and the corresponding changes brought about in textile properties are discussed. The initiative, funded by the National Tex tile Center, and its progress to date is presented. This program features the use of en hanced high density plasmas for depositing films, removing surface matter, and alter ing surface properties.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Secret Ballots and Turnout
Authors: HECKELMAN JAC C.
Published: March 2007

Two theories within the legal-institutional framework concerning the Australian ballot system's effect on voter turnout are analyzed. The vote market hypothesis assumes secret ballots were designed to end the buying and selling of votes. The secrecy the new ballot provided discouraged candidates from buying votes they could no longer verify, disproportionately affecting poor voters who would respond to this loss of payments by voluntarily abstaining. Alternatively, the theory of strategic disfranchisement predicts Blacks and illiterates were specifically targeted for disfranchisement. The new ballots were expected to be more difficult for these voters to use and they would then be effectively prevented from participating in the active electorate. Although turnout decreases under either theory, the normative implications are very different. Controlling for race and illiteracy, regression analysis suggests poor voters were less likely to vote a secret ballot. A similar effect is not found for Black and illiterate voters when controlling for income. The evidence is thus more consistent with the vote market hypothesis than with a pure disfranchisement effect.
The Wallace Factor
Authors: Oldendick Robert , Bennett Stephen E.
Published: March 2007

Before the 1976 presidential primaries had begun, the figure of George Wallace loomed large in the American political arena. Pollsters and journalists speculated widely on how many Democratic convention delegates Wallace would win, what influence he would have on the Democratic convention, and whether he would lead a third-party movement if denied the Democratic nomination. Events from the New Hampshire through the California primaries proved much of this speculation to be idle, for Wallace never did mount a serious challenge within the Democratic party. Using data from the 1968 through 1976 SRC/CPS Election Studies, this work traces the sources of Wallace support over time and advances several hypotheses as to why the "Wallace Factor" was relatively absent in the 1976 campaign.
Independents, Issue Partisanship and the Decline of Party
Authors: LeBlanc Hugh L. , Merrin Mary Beth
Published: March 2007

The growth in the electorate of those who classify themselves as independents and the recent tendency of partisans to vote for opposition party candidates constitute evidence of a general loosening of party ties. The argument of this article, however, is that reports of the demise of party have been exaggerated. Most independents lean in a partisan direction, and "leaners" are behavioral partisans almost the equal of weak identifiers. Moreover, a dimension of partisanship based on party issue intentions has important explanatory power and can be activated when issues with which the parties have been historically identified are salient. Although the findings fit the facts of the resurgence of partisanship in 1976, one cannot be sanguine that parties have regained their former role: partisans increasingly fail to perceive issue differences between the parties.
Election Night Projections and West Coast Turnout
Authors: Epstein Laurily K. , Strom Gerald
Published: March 2007

The years in which the news media make early projections for the Presidential contest are characterized by cries of outrage from losers of lower offices as well as from academics and other interested observers of the political process. Their concern seems to be that if West Coast residents who have not been to the polls learn of the outcome of the Presidential race before their polls close, they will be less likely to vote than if the outcome is still in doubt. The analysis here shows, however, that attributing a decline in Western turnout to information conveyed by the media ignores the inescapable fact that the decision to vote— on the West Coast or anywhere else—is the result of a complicated combination of factors, none of which is related to information received on election day.
The Mass Media and Public Opinion Polls in the 1988 Presidential Election
Authors: Shelley Mack C. , Hwang Hwarng-Du
Published: March 2007

The authors examine the results of 48 national public opinion polls measuring support for George Bush and Michael Dukakis throughout the 1988 presidential campaign conducted or reported by five major media polling organizations. Polling trends are discussed, and the consistency of estimates across polls are assessed, across seven distinct time periods defined by key events during the 1988 election year, while accuracy is assessed by comparing final pre-election polls against election results. Time series transfer function methods are employed to assess the short-term and long-term effects of the two major national party conventions, the two Bush-Dukakis debates, and the Ouayle-Bentsen debate on candidate support. Statistically significant positive effects on Bush support are obtained for the Republican convention and for the second presidential debate, while support for Dukakis was affected significantly, and in opposite directions, by the two party conventions. The results are discussed in the context of recent research conducted by Crespi and others.
Determinants of Foreign Firm Location Decisions in the United States, 1985-1990
Authors: Fox Sharon E. , Lee Jeong-Hwa
Published: March 2007

Foreign direct investment is an important component of state economic development and state political economy, yet relatively little is known about the political factors that influence foreign firm location decisions. Previous econometric studies of firm location decisions have downplayed the role of political conditions (i.e., institutions, parties, and policy interventions) in influencing firm location decisions, whereas case studies have provided evidence of political effects that are limited to specific firms. This study combines important elements from each of these perspectives into a regional- and time-effects Poisson analysis of foreign manufacturing firm location decisions in the American states from 1985 to 1990. The authors depict firm location decisions as a function of several sets of variables, including labor market conditions, manufacturing density, infrastructure/transportation, access to markets, taxes, the national context, state institutional ideology, and state policy activism. Findings suggest that several of these variables have significant impacts on foreign firm location decisions.
The Election of African Americans and Latinos To the U.S. House of Representatives, 1972-1994
Authors: Lublin David
Published: March 2007

Past studies have shown that racially polarized voting results in African American and Latino congressional candidates rarely winning election outside of majority-minority districts. Analyz ing U.S. House of Representatives elections from 1972 through 1994 confirms these findings and shows that race, rather than socioeconomic factors highly correlated with race, accounts for racial polarization in congressional elections. Nonracial district characteristics bear virtually no relationship to the race of a district's representative. Even if socioeconomic differences among African Americans, Latinos, and Whites decline substantially, race will continue to play an important role in American elections. If the Supreme Court's decisions in Shaw v. Reno and its progeny reduce the number of majority-minority districts, then the number of minority repre sentatives probably will decline as well.
Partisan Bias in U.S. Congressional Elections, 1952-1996
Authors: BRUNELL THOMAS L.
Published: March 2007

The Democratic Party held a majority of the seats in the House of Representatives from 1952 to 1994. During the same period, however, they did not demonstrate the same level of success in the Senate. What explains these differing levels of success in the two chambers of Congress? Here I explore the contribution of partisan bias to this discrepancy. Three separate measures of partisan bias (distributional, population, and turnout) are explained and calculated for each chamber for the elections from 1952 through 1996. These estimates of partisan bias are linked to the proportion of seats that the parties have controlled in both the House and the Senate. Results indicate that the Democrats reaped the benefits of bias in House elections (particularly turnout-related bias). Bias in the Senate, particularly distributional and population-related bias, favored the Republicans.
Planetree Patient-Centered Care and the Healing Arts
Authors: Frampton Susan B.
Published: March 2007

In 1985, one of the most far-reaching experiments in the realm of holistic health was launched. The first of five Planetree Model Hospitals opened at a large academic medical center in San Francisco. Everything in the unique medical-surgical unit was designed with the patient's perspective in mind. The unit was the culmination of many years of work by a group of visionaries inspired, fittingly, by a single patient. This patient had undergone a traumatic, though not unusual, hospital stay. Limited information exchange between patient and providers, limited visiting hours, imper sonal treatment by hospital staff, and harsh institutional surroundings had resulted in anything but a healing experience. Motivated by a vision of what a hospital could be, Planetree was founded with the mission to change the way health care was delivered, and to personalize, humanize, and demystify the patient experience.
Clinical Corner: Herb-Drug Interactions in Cancer Chemotherapy: Theoretical Concerns Regarding Drug Metabolizing Enzymes
Authors: Block Keith I. , Gyllenhaal Charlotte
Published: March 2007

Interactions between herbal medicines and conventional drugs have recently been reported; the most significant herb with such drug interactions is Saint John's wort, an inducer of cytochrome P450 3A3/4, an enzyme responsible for clearance of many clinically important drugs from the body. Foods (especially grapefruit) and habits or lifestyle factors such as smoking or alcohol consumption may also alter the metabolism of drugs through effects on the cytochrome P450 system. The authors review here the functioning of the drug-metabolizing enzymes and discuss their particular sig nificance in cancer chemotherapy treatment. They then present the herbal medicines, foods, and lifestyle factors that induce or inhibit drug-metabolizing enzymes that are important for both cancer chemotherapy drugs and drugs used adjunctively in cancer treatment. It is notable that no actual herb-drug interactions have been reported clinically in cancer treatment, and their potential for interaction still must be regarded as theoretical. Although some chemotherapy patients may be interested in taking herbal medicines that could potentially interact with cancer chemotherapy agents, it may be wise to counsel them to use other means of addressing the problems for which they use specific herbs during the time they receive chemotherapy.
A Century of Planning in Cleveland
Authors: Chakalis Andrew , Keating Dennis , Krumholz Norman , Wieland Ann Marie
Published: March 2007

A Century of Planning in Cleveland” is a permanent exhibit of the various plans for twentieth-century Cleveland presented in their historical, social, and economic contexts. It is part of the Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs’s initiative to educate the public about the legacy of Cleveland’s planning professionals and the significant role of planning in the city’s development. The following narrative is drawn from the exhibit guide.
Toward a Postliberal Ecclesial Spirituality
Authors: Reno R. R.
Published: March 2007

Focusing on the modern concept of spirituality, this article analyzes the various strategies available for giving power and potency to inherited forms of Christian language and practice. The first part of the paper discusses modern spirituality and shows how it appeals to anxoutside of Christian language and practice to infuse it with spiritual potency. The second section investigates the motive for this modern strategy, illustrating the ways in which inherited forms of Christianity have become mute and ineffective. Anglo-Catholic and Evangelical alternatives are briefly canvased and set aside. With a discussion of Origen, the article ends by commending a spiritual practice that both takes seriously the weaknesses and impediments to faith and at the same time rejects the strategies of modern spirituality.
‘Community’: A Postmodern Mission Paradigm?
Authors: McCoy Michael
Published: March 2007

To answer the question of the title of this article, the words ‘community’, ‘postmodern’, ‘mission’ and ‘paradigm’ are examined in turn and defined. The central place of the ‘local church’ in contemporary missiology is discussed, and the need for a missional and communitarian ecclesiology is argued with positive but critical reference to the approach of the Gospel and Our Culture Network of North America. The article ends by suggesting that ‘community’ can indeed be seen as a mission paradigm for postmodernity, and by posing some key questions facing the local church if it is to become a missional community.
Australian Anglicanism and Pluralism
Authors: Rayner Keith
Published: March 2007

Initially the Church of England was the one recognized church in Australia. As other churches were established, it became the dominant church among a few others. Subsequently it became one Christian denomination among many. Now it finds itself, with other churches, among a plurality of other faiths. This evolution from singularity to plurality has raised such questions as whether truth is one or many, how unity relates to plurality and how a church conveys its message in a plural society. For Anglicans the intensity of these questions has been heightened by the plurality within Anglicanism itself. This article argues that plurality can contribute positively to a fuller perception of truth and that the pressure for unity continues in the face of pluralism, though it may be a unity obtained by excluding dissenting points of view or an inclusive unity which transcends plurality.
An Antipodean Establishment: Institutional Anglicanism in Australia, 1788–c. 1934
Authors: Strong Rowan
Published: March 2007

This article argues that the Church of England in Australia maintained for most of this period a culture of conservative political and social values. This conservative culture was a consequence of the Church of England being a subordinate partner in the hegemony of the ruling landed classes in England. In Australia, the Church of England, while never legally established, continued to act as though it was, and to strongly uphold conservative political and social values long after its monopolistic connection with the state had any practical reality. Consequently, the Church of England in Australia supported conventional values and solutions to social problems and marginalized Anglicans who challenged its prevailing conservatism. The catalysts for a change in this prevailing institutional culture were the First World War and the Great Depression. These challenges prompted the emergence within the institutional church of the beginnings of a more cautiously critical outlook towards the social status quo.
Tolerable Diversity and Ecclesial Integrity: Communion or Federation?
Authors: Turner Philip
Published: March 2007

A series of issues have recently arisen that pose the question of whether or not the Anglican Communion will remain a communion of churches or become merely a loose federation. To remain a communion, Anglicans will have to come to some agreement about the relation between ecclesial integrity on the one hand and tolerable diversity on the other. The right balance between the two cannot be maintained by simple reference to such things as doctrinal statements, episcopal authority, or canon law. Ecclesial integrity and tolerable diversity are often not matters with a fixed and plainly recognizable identity. The right balance is to be found within an ethos defined by common practices that include hearing the Scriptures entire within an ordered form of worship, open theological debate, cohesive episcopal oversight, Godliness, and reluctance to change practice until wide agreement in respect to disputed issues is reached.
Some Properties of the Interactional Organisation of Displays of Paranormal Cognition in Psychic-Sitter Interaction
Authors: Wooffitt Robin
Published: March 2007

This paper presents a sociological investigation of instances of a class of claimed paranormal phenomena: the apparent demonstration of paranormal means of cognition by psychic practitioners, such as mediums, psychics, clairvoyants and tarot-card readers. Using a conversation analytic perspective, this paper examines recordings and transcripts of sittings between psychics and members of the public. It describes a linguistic sequence through which (unattributed) information is offered by the psychic, accepted by the sitter and then established as coming from a paranormal source. This form of analysis is located within an emerging social scientific interest to explore ostensibly anomalous human experiences to enrich understanding of everyday behaviour. In this case, it is argued that analysis of the socially organised properties of exchanges in which apparently successful demonstrations of paranormal cognitive abilities are accomplished can contribute to broader debates about the relationship between discourse and cognition.
Some Factors Affecting the Removal of Lead(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Porous Calcium Hydroxyapatite: Relationships between Surface and Adsorption Properties
Authors: Hammari Larbi El , Laghzizil Abdelaziz , Saoiabi Ahmed , Barboux Philippe , Meyer Michel , Brandès Stéphane , Guilard Roger
Published: March 2007

A porous hydroxyapatite (p-HAp) was prepared and employed for the removal of lead(II) ions at different concentrations from aqueous solution to determine the adsorption properties of p-HAp and compare them with those of a commercial hydroxyapatite (CAp) sample. The kinetic data obtained indicated that the adsorption performances of the adsorbents depended both on their specific surface area and crystallinity. Complexation of the Pb(II) ion on the adsorbent surface favoured the dissolution of hydroxyapatites characterized by a Ca/Pb molar ratio in the 0.85–1.5 range. The maximum adsorption capacity of p-Hap for Pb(II) ions at 30 ± 2°C was 2.30 mmol/g relative to 1.38 mmol/g for the commercial compound Cap at the same temperature. The higher capacity of p-HAp was explained in terms of its porosity and crystallinity. The Pb(II) ions sorption results could be modelled by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
Acidic Character and Catalytic Activity of Sulpho-Functionalized Porous Silica with an Ordered Structure
Authors: Matsumoto Akihiko , Yeoh Fei-Yee , Fujihara Shunsuke , Tsutsumi Kazuo , Baba Toshihide
Published: March 2007

Microporous organosilica incorporating various amounts of sulpho groups (MS-SO3H) was prepared by hydrolysis and the co-condensation of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS), followed by oxidation of the thiol group. The resulting microporous silica had a regular porous structure similar to that of the mesoporous silica MCM-41, as shown by X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption measurements. Ammonia adsorption microcalorimetry indicated that a large number of sulpho groups were successfully incorporated into the microporous silica framework. The sulpho group-incorporating microporous silica (MS-SO3H) exhibited catalytic activity towards the isomerization of but-1-ene to cis- and trans-but-2-ene via an acid catalysis mechanism.
The Economics of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Authors: Schaeffer Emily , Block Walter
Published: March 2007

Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) be used to drill for oil, or should this type of economic development be forbidden, in favor of protecting environmental amenities? In economics, this is a classical question of the allocation of resources, and we propose to answer it in a similar manner in this case, even though such reasoning is not typical of debates in this field. We answer the ANWR challenge with arguments favoring solutions emerging from private property arrangements, and provide an illustrative example of markets at work. We take neither side, but urge that the free enterprise system be allowed to address the issue. It is our claim that this is a superior system, as entrepreneurs who make mistakes suffer economic penalties, and this feedback mechanism is either entirely missing in political and bureaucratic institutions, or at the very least greatly attenuated there.
The Impact of Energy Policies on the Development of Renewable Energies
Authors: Gastal Martin
Published: March 2007

In a world dominated by oil, each country has to design its own energy policy to cope with increasingly scarce stocks of this fossil fuel. Particularly, the United States, France and Germany engaged into significantly different paths coping with challenging constraints such as ensuring economic growth, security of energy supply, and respect of the environment. The impact of these energy policies on the development of renewable energies has been assessed by analyzing each national policy from the economic, political, and technological standpoints. The results of this study provides some explanations of tactical moves made by these energy hungry economies to cope with the increasing pressure put on the oil supply market and to prepare for a future where green energies are bound to play an increasingly important role.
Gendered Anxieties: Islam, Women's Rights, and Moral Hierarchy in Java
Authors: Adamson Clarissa
Published: March 2007

This paper examines debates that occur in the course of Muslim women's rights advocacy in Java, Indonesia, to provide critical ethnographic insights into the ways that gender issues and notions of family are implicated in political consciousness about nationhood, religious identity, boundaries, and governance. Javanese Muslim women's rights activists focus on the historical contextualization of religious doctrine to argue against what they see as misguided interpretations of Islam that threaten to control women. This paper examines these efforts through a close reading of the discursive shifts and arguments that take place in the context of programs designed to promote women's rights in Islamic education in Java. It argues that the challenge for women's rights activists and intellectuals is to locate the ways that moderate or normative social and religious values can combine during times of change or crisis to reinforce a moral hierarchy of gender relations and an "idea of woman" in an attempt to control such change. The paper demonstrates that in Java, a moral hierarchy of gender relations, mimetically extended from family to nation, dovetails with religious interpretations to resolve anxieties about social change and security through the control of women.