bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure, Stability and Water Adsorption on Ultra-Thin TiO2 Supported on TiN
Authors: Gutierrez Moreno Jose Julio , Fronzi Marco , Lovera Pierre , O'Riordan Alan , Ford Mike J , Li Wenjin , Nolan Michael
Published: July 2019

Interfacial metal-oxide systems with ultrathin oxide layers are of high interest for their use in catalysis. In this study, we present a density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the structure of ultrathin rutile layers (one and two TiO2 layers) supported on TiN and the stability of water on these interfacial structures. The rutile layers are stabilized on the TiN surface through the formation of interfacial Ti–O bonds. Charge transfer from the TiN substrate leads to the formation of reduced Ti3+ cations in TiO2. The structure of the one-layer oxide slab is strongly distorted at the interface, while the thicker TiO2 layer preserves the rutile structure. The energy cost for the formation of a single O vacancy in the one-layer oxide slab is only 0.5 eV with respect to the ideal interface. For the two-layer oxide slab, the introduction of several vacancies in an already non-stoichiometric system becomes progressively more favourable, which indicates the stability of the highly non-stoichiometric interfaces. Isolated water molecules dissociate when adsorbed at the TiO2 layers. At higher coverages the preference is for molecular water adsorption. Our ab initio thermodynamics calculations show the fully water covered stoichiometric models as the most stable structure at typical ambient conditions. Interfacial models with multiple vacancies are most stable at low (reducing) oxygen chemical potential values. A water monolayer adsorbs dissociatively on the highly distorted 2-layer TiO1.75-TiN interface, where the Ti3+ states lying above the top of the valence band contribute to a significant reduction of the energy gap compared to the stoichiometric TiO2-TiN model. Our results provide a guide for the design of novel interfacial systems containing ultrathin TiO2 with potential application as photocatalytic water splitting devices.
Supramolecular Polymerization with Dynamic Self-Sorting Sequence Control
Authors: Xiujuan Shi , Zhang Xiaodong , Ni Xin-Long , Zhang Haoke , Wei Peifa , Liu Junkai , Xing Hao , Peng Hui-Qing , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Zaiyu , Hao Hongxia , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2019

Synthetic polymerization and supramolecular polymerization with sequence control is far from an easy task. Herein, a narcissistic self-sorting supramolecular polymer is prepared with a sequence of (−AA−BB−)n by using cucur-bit[8]uril (CB[8])-based ternary complexes as supramolecular monomers, which are spontaneously formed from starting materials of heteroditopic AB-type guest and CB[8]. The process of supramolecular polymerization and their structural changes at each stage of polymerization have been successfully demonstrated by NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra. The self-sorting starts from the second step of polymerization after the formation of different ternary complexes as supra-monomers. The dynamic supramolecular interactions and the thermodynamic stability of the host–guest complexes are found to be the crucial factors to drive the sequence control of the supramolecular polymers. Furthermore, the water-soluble supramolecular polymer is red-emissive, which can serve as fluorescent sensor to detect morphine in artificial urine with considerable stability, sensitivity and accuracy. And it can also distinguish heroin and morphine, which are two kinds of opioids with similar structures.
Parallel Synthesis and Screening of Supramolecular Chemosensors that Achieve Fluorescent Turn-On Detection of Drugs in Saliva
Authors: Beatty Meagan , Selinger Allison , Li YuQi , Hof Fraser
Published: July 2019

We report here a parallel synthesis-driven approach to create a family of self-assembling dimeric sensors that we call DimerDyes, and its use for the rapid identification of salt-tolerant sensors for illicit drugs. We developed an efficient method that involves parallel synthesis and screening in crude form without the need to purify each potential sensor. Structurally diverse “hit” DimerDyes were re-synthesized, purified and were each shown to assemble into homodimers in water in the programmed way. DimerDyes provided a “turn-on” fluorescence detection of multiple illicit drugs at low micromolar concentrations in water and in saliva. The combination of multiple agents into a sensor array was successfully able to detect and discriminate between closely related drugs and metabolites in multiple important drug families. This report includes extensive NMR data on synthetic characterization, and on binding and assembly processes. It also includes UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy data, and their use for quantitation and identification of drug-related analytes using multivariate statistical analysis.
Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Molecular Assemblies of Chiral AIEgens
Authors: Song Fengyan , Cheng yanhua , Liu Qiuming , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Yang Fafu , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2019

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is important to chiral photonic technologies. In the molecular systems, besides their intrinsic chemical structures, the architectures of molecular assemblies at the mesoscopic scale also account for the final macroscopic CPL properties. Herein, tunable CPL responses can be induced through architectural regulation of these molecular assemblies in suspension and solid states. A liquid crystalline assembled system of DPCE-ECh exhibiting smectic C* phase with a high dissymmetry factor (gCD = -0.20 and glum = +0.38) is reported. The intense and apparent CD and CPL of the film stem from the intrinsic helical structure of the molecular assembles with weak contribution of Bragg reflection, where the helical axis is perpendicular to the optical axis and is parallel to the direction of the glass substrate. To the best of our knowledge, this large glum factor is very rare for organic compounds even in the assembled state formed by annealing at smectic liquid crystalline temperature. Interestingly, strong CPL signal with glum value of +0.18 is still recorded when DPCE-ECh is annealed at chiral isotropic liquid (Iso*) state. On the other hand, DPCE-ACh can form two coexistence phases of chiral hexagonal and smectic liquid-crystalline phases due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The non-periodic molecular orientations of DPCE-ACh break itself helical structure to give a weak negtive CPL signal in 10-3 order. This work thus provides a new insight for developing efficient chiroptical materials in the aggregate state and profound implications in high-performance CPL-based device.
Direct Measurement of Charge Reversal on Lipid Bilayers using Heterodyne-Detected Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy
Authors: Chang HanByul , Ohno Paul , Liu Yangdongling , Geiger Franz
Published: July 2019

We report the detection of charge reversal induced by the adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH), to buried supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), used as idealized model biological membranes. We observe changes in the surface potential in isolation from other contributors to the total SHG response by extracting the phase-shifted potential-dependent third-order susceptibility from the overall SHG signal. We demonstrate the utility of this technique in detecting both the sign of the surface potential and the point of charge reversal at buried interfaces without any prior information or complementary techniques.Furthermore, isolation of the second-order susceptibility contribution from the overall SHG response allows us to directly monitor changes in the Stern Layer. Finally, we characterize the Stern and Diffuse Layers over single-component SLBs formed from three different zwitterionic lipids of different gel-to-fluid phase transition temperatures (Tms). We determine whether the surface potential changes with the physical phase state (gel, transitioning, or fluid) of the SLB and incorporate 20 percent of negatively charged lipids to the zwitterionic SLB to investigate how the surface potential changes with surface charge.
A Unified Model for Photophysical and Electro-Optical Properties of Green Fluorescent Proteins
Authors: Lin Chi-Yun , Romei Matthew , Oltrogge Luke , Mathews Irimpan , Boxer Steven
Published: July 2019

Green fluorescent protein (GFPs) have become indispensable imaging and optogenetic tools. Their absorption and emission properties can be optimized for specific applications. Currently, no unified framework exists to comprehensively describe these photophysical properties, namely the absorption maxima, emission maxima, Stokes shifts, vibronic progressions, extinction coefficients, Stark tuning rates, and spontaneous emission rates, especially one that includes the effects of the protein environment. In this work, we study the correlations among these properties from systematically tuned GFP environmental mutants and chromophore variants. Correlation plots reveal monotonic trends, suggesting all these properties are governed by one underlying factor dependent on the chromophore's environment. By treating the anionic GFP chromophore as a mixed-valence compound existing as a superposition of two resonance forms, we argue that this underlying factor is defined as the difference in energy between the two forms, or the driving force, which is tuned by the environment. We then introduce a Marcus-Hush model with the bond length alternation vibrational mode, treating the GFP absorption band as an intervalence charge transfer band. This model explains all the observed strong correlations among photophysical properties; related subtopics are extensively discussed in Supporting Information. Finally, we demonstrate the model's predictive power by utilizing the additivity of the driving force. The model described here elucidates the role of the protein environment in modulating photophysical properties of the chromophore, providing insights and limitations for designing new GFPs with desired phenotypes. We argue this model should also be generally applicable to both biological and non-biological polymethine dyes.
Multiscale Morphological Visualization of a Semi-crystalline Polymer by a Polymorphic AIE Marker
Authors: Khorloo Michidmaa , Cheng yanhua , Zhang Haoke , Chen Ming , Sung Herman H.-Y. , Williams Ian Duncan , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2019

Direct spatial mapping of polymer morphologies remains challenging owing to poor imaging contrast across different microstructures. Now this conundrum is addressed by a polymorphic molecule with aggregation-induced emission (AIE), capable of selectively lighting up amorphous and crystalline phases with distinct color. The polymorphic behaviors of the AIE molecule embedded within polymer network is dependent on the size of nano-confinement: a thermodynamically stable polymorph of the AIE molecule with green emission is stabilized in amorphous phase, while a metastable polymorph with yellow emission is confined in crystalline phase. The information on polymer crystalline and amorphous phases is transformed into distinct fluorescence colors, allowing a single AIE molecule as a fluorescent marker for multiscale visualization of polymer morphologies in terms of amorphous and crystalline phases distribution, quantitative polymer crystallinity measurement, and spatial morphological arrangement. The proposed strategy provides a correlation between microscopic morphologies and macroscopic optical signals, opens an avenue of fluorescence imaging in materials science.
The role of genetic polymorphisms of the VEGF, COX2, MUC genes in the development of endometriosis-associated infertility
Authors: Kulikova Natalia V , Kovalenko Inna I , Baibuz Dmitrii V , Lebedeva Yanina A
Published: July 2019

Endometriosis-associated infertility is an important medical and social problem, because affects up to 10% of women in the reproductive case, while even after treatment the pregnancy occurs in only one third of the patients. The etiology of endometriosis is still not precisely defined, despite ongoing research on this topic. In this review of the literature, we have tried to highlight the main work concerning the participation of immunological and genetic factors in the pathogenesis, and the role of vascular endothelial growth factor, mucins and cyclooxygenase-2 in more detail. Further studies of these pathogenetic manifestations of infertility in patients with endometriosis will make it possible to correct them in a timely manner, thereby increasing the chances of pregnancy.
Vaccination as an effective method of prevention for cervical diseases associated with human papillomavirus (literature review)
Authors: Prilepskaya Vera N , Gusakov Kirill I , Nazarova Niso M
Published: July 2019

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of cervical cancer and other diseases of the anogenital area has been proven and well known. Despite this, the incidence of cervical cancer is growing every year. Specific methods of HPV treatment are not developed, and the only effective method of cervical cancer prevention is to prevent infection itself. A number of randomized clinical trials have demonstrated extremely high (up to 100%) effectiveness of HPV vaccines. Currently, the HPV vaccine is approved by WHO and included in the National Immunization Program of 86 countries, 17 counties use gender-neutral program. In the clinical practice of Australia, USA and countries of the European Union, in particular Italy, Germany and France, high efficiency of vaccination for 10 or more years is reported.
Instructional Leadership Effects on Teachers’ Work Engagement: Roles of School Culture, Empowerment, and Job Characteristics
Authors: Zahed-Babelan Adel , Koulaei Ghodratollah , Moeinikia Mahdi , Rezaei Sharif Ali
Published: July 2019

In the article, the relations between the principal’s instructional leadership, school culture, psychological empowerment, job characteristics, and teachers’ work engagement was examined on a sample of 310 elementary school teachers. The results showed no direct effects of the principal’s instructional leadership on work engagement; however, they proved the belief that the principal could have an indirect effect on teachers’ work engagement through indirect variables: school culture, teacher empowerment, and job characteristics. The research method is structural equation modelling, for the purpose of which five research tools (the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale, the School Culture Survey, the Job Diagnostic Survey, the Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire, and the Job Engagement Questionnaire) were used for data collection. The participants were selected through a stratified sampling method. The reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. The results showed that the model fitted the data and that the relationship between instructional leadership and job engagement was established entirely through school culture, empowerment, and the job characteristics of teachers. The principals are recommended to apply the instructional leadership approach. By assisting teachers in collaboration, instilling collective leadership, and communicating a shared vision, the principals can contribute to developing a positive and participatory school culture.
Chikungunya virus outbreak in Sint Maarten, 2013–2014
Authors: Henry Maria , Francis Lorraine , Asin Virginia , Polson-Edwards Karen , Olowokure Babatunde
Published: July 2019

This report describes the outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Sint Maarten, a constituent country of Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the southern part of the Caribbean island of Saint Martin, from 22 December 2013 (first reported case) through 5 December 2014. The outbreak was first reported by the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Martin in the northern part of the island—the first site in the Americas to report autochthonous transmission of CHIKV. By 5 December 2014, Sint Maarten had reported a total of 658 cases—an overall attack rate of 1.76%. Actual prevalence may have been higher, as some cases may have been misdiagnosed as dengue. Fever and arthralgia affected 71% and 69% of reported cases respectively. Of the 390 laboratory-confirmed cases, 61% were female and the majority were 20–59 years old (mean: 42; range: 4–92). The spread of CHIKV to Sint Maarten was inevitable given the ease of movement of people, and the vector, island-wide. Continuing their history of collaboration, the French and Dutch parts of the island coordinated efforts for prevention and control of the disease. These included a formal agreement to exchange epidemiological information on a regular basis and provide alerts in a timely manner; collaboration among personnel through joint island-wide planning of mosquito control activities, especially along borders; notification of all island visitors, upon their arrival at airports and seaports, of preventative measures to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes; dissemination of educational materials to the public; and island-wide public awareness campaigns, particularly in densely populated areas, for both residents and visitors. The information provided in this report could help increase understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of CHIKV and guide other countries dealing with vector-borne epidemics.
Normatização de programas de acesso expandido e uso compassivo de medicamentos na América do Sul
Authors: Mosegui Gabriela Bittencourt Gonzalez , Antoñanzas Fernando
Published: July 2019

Objetivo. Descrever e comparar os marcos regulatórios das políticas de acesso rápido/alternativo a medicamentos (acesso expandido e uso compassivo) em países da América do Sul.

Métodos. Realizou-se um estudo exploratório e descritivo, com análise documental. Além de revisão da literatura científica sobre o tema, foram levantadas informações e normas oficiais caso estivessem disponíveis nas páginas eletrônicas das autoridades reguladoras de medicamentos. Foram coletadas informações sobre a forma como cada país define os conceitos de acesso expandido e uso compassivo, fase clínica em que o medicamento fica disponível para esses usos alternativos e obrigações de médicos e patrocinadores.

Resultados. A partir dos critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados para o estudo Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Peru e Uruguai. O levantamento de informações mostrou que Argentina e Brasil apresentam um cenário regulatório mais estruturado. O Chile apresenta uma norma sobre acesso expandido e uso compassivo, porém sem definir explicitamente esses conceitos. No Peru e Uruguai, foi constatada a ausência de definições importantes quanto ao acesso expandido. Não foram identificadas quaisquer bases de dados com informações sobre acesso expandido e uso compassivo, corroborando a percepção de escassez de dados empíricos para avaliar os resultados dessas políticas.

Conclusões. Todos os países analisados contam com um marco regulatório que permite o acesso rápido/alternativo a medicamentos por pacientes em situação de risco. Porém, não existem bancos de dados e transparência de informações que permitam caracterizar quais medicamentos e pacientes se beneficiam desse acesso alternativo e avaliar os resultados dessas políticas na América do Sul.
UVA students bring Architecture closer to both schools and families in Castilla y León
Authors: Ramón-Cueto Gemma
Published: July 2019

There is a general decrease in the interest in architecture that makes it necessary to do initiatives with the aim of children and young people of all ages, and not just before entering university, knowing the profession and competencies that architects can develop. The main goal of this Innovation Project is to organize collaborative and multi-disciplinary procedures to bring architecture closer to both the educational centres in Castilla y León and to society. During the school year students, professors, researchers, administration staff and former Architecture students propose ludic and collaborative activities to do in non-university educational centres. The year ends with a Fair "Espacios de Ingenio" at our own University.
A. HILDENBRAND SCHEID - Gobernanza y planificación territorial en las áreas metropolitanas
Authors: Selva Royo Juan Ramón
Published: July 2019

Andreas Hildenbrand ScheidGobernanza y planificación territorial en las áreas metropolitanasValencia: Publicaciones de la Universitat de València, 2017, 374 páginas. Idioma: español. Tapa blanda. 20 €.ISBN: 978-84-9134-194-9
THE EFFECTS OF GROUP VERSUS SINGLE HOUSING ON HOME CAGE BEHAVIOUR IN TWO STRAINS OF LABORATORY MICE
Authors: Abou-Elnaga Ahmed F. , Rehan Ibrahim F. , Thompson Ralph R , Abou-Ismail Usama A , Mahmoud Motamed E , Mohamed Radi A , Mohammed Hesham H , Sabek Ahmed A , Elhussiny Mohamed Z
Published: July 2019

Studying the behavioural patterns of animals in their house may help to understand their needs, but there has been a little investigation of home-cage behaviours in commonly used inbred strains of mice such as C57BL/6 and DBA/2. Therefore, understanding behavioural patterns in these mice is important for neuroscience research. For the first time, this experiment was carried out to investigate the long-term effects of housing conditions (single vs. group) on home cage behaviour of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice, in order to reveal differences between C57BL/6 and DBA/2 in home-cage behaviours and in response to single-housing. Sixty-four mice (32 mice/strain) were housed either singly (SH) (n= 32) or in four groups, each group contained 8 animals. Home cage behavioural patterns were recorded weekly using ethogram-based instantaneous sampling for 5 consecutive weeks. Regardless of strain, single housed (SH) mice displayed higher levels of grooming and bedding directed-behaviours and were more frequently seen in-the-crawl ball, and had lower levels of feeding behaviour compared to their group housed (GH) conspecifics. There were significant strain differences in anxiety-related behaviours with the DBA/2 strain demonstrating higher levels of sleep, feeding and grooming behaviour and frequent presence in-the-crawl ball, and lower levels of exploration, locomotion and bedding-directed behaviour compared to the C57BL/6 strain. The results therefore suggest that different housing systems influence home cage behaviours of laboratory mice with the mice of the DBA/2 strain appearing more anxious. These findings may also have great implications for researchers to decide the most appropriate phenotype to use in measuring neural response–relevant behaviours in novel animal/human models.Key words: anxiety; behaviour; C57BL/6; DBA/2; ethogram; home-cage
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Kamel Mohamed , Khairy Mohamed , ELSadek Nada , Hussein Mohamed
Published: July 2019

This study attempted to scrutinize the potential efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and the standard oral hypoglycemic drug glibenclamide in streptozotocin (STZ) -nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 rats received saline orally and considered as a control group. Other groups were experimentally exposed to diabetes via intraperitoneal injection of STZ and group 2 was left as diabetic non-treated. Group 3 was orally administrated with ZnONPs at a low dose (1mg/kg), and group 4 orally received glibenclamide (600 µg/kg) for 30 days (duration of the experiment). Blood glucose, insulin levels, lipogram profile and pancreatic antioxidant status were improved following ZnONPs or glibenclamide administration as compared to the diabetic group. Moreover, histopathological examination revealed a better outcome in the ZnONPs and glibenclamide treated groups. Although oral treatment of ZnONPs at a low dose 1mg/kg body weight for 30 consecutive days had antidiabetic effect, this effect was less superior to glibenclamide. Therefore, further studies regarding increasing the dose of ZnONPs would be encouraging to get better anti diabetic effect.Key words: Zinc oxide nanoparticles; antioxidant; diabetes; glibenclamide
INFLUENCE OF BODY CONDITION SCORE ON BLOOD METABOLITES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PRE- AND POST-CALVING OF FRIESIAN DAIRY COWS IN EGYPT
Authors: El-Sharawy Mohamed , Mashaly Ibrahim , Atta Mustafa , Kotb Mostafa , El-Shamaa Ibrahim
Published: July 2019

This experiment aimed to study the relation of body condition score (BCS) with blood metabolites in dairy cow. At 8 weeks before expected parturition, 90 multiparous Friesian dairy cows were divided according to their body condition score into 3 groups: Group1: low body condition score (n=30, BCS≤2.58, thinner cows); Group2: medium body condition score (n=30, BCS≤3.12, medium BCS cows); Group3: high body condition score (n=30, BCS≤4.75, obesity cows). The cows BCS, weight and back fat thickness were recorded at -60, -21, -14, -7, 0, 7, 14 and 60 days related to calving time. Blood samples were taken at the time of BCS measurement for determination of β hydroxy butyrate, non-esterified fatty acid, haptoglobin, glucose, triglyceride, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, superoxide dismutase and malonaldehyde. The results showed a significant decrease in body condition score, body weight and back fat thickness throughout the experimental period accompanied by an increase in β hydroxy butyrate, malonaldehyde and cholesterol. The correlation analysis showed that changed body condition score positively allied with cow weight (r=0.860, P<0.01), back fat thickness (r= 0.977 P<0.01), malonaldehyde (r=0.445, P<0.01) and cholesterol (r=0.342, P<0.01) and was negatively correlated with β hydroxy butyrate (r=0.416, P<0.01), haptoglobin (r=-0.232, P<0.05), non-esterified fatty acid (r=-0.457, P<0.01), albumin (r=-0.133, P>0.05) and aspartate aminotransferase (r=-0.361, P<0.01). Concisely, body condition score loss before and after calving may have significant consequences for blood metabolites, oxidative stress and body condition score profile in dairy cows.Key words: BCS; calving; blood metabolites; Friesian cow
COMPARATIVE THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCANS AND ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATION OF RABBIT (Oryctolagus cuniculus) AND CAT (Felis domestica) SKULL
Authors: Moselhy Attia , Mahdy Eman
Published: July 2019

This study was conducted to elucidate the comparative anatomical features of the skull of rabbits and cats using CT scans. Adult healthy New Zealand rabbits and Domestic Baladi cats of both sexes, were prepared for X-ray and CT scan of the heads at different positions. The heads were also processed for bone preparation and were photographed at various views. Some measurements were taken to exhibit the main differences between the two animal species. There was a cranial pharyngeal canal in the basisphenoid bone of rabbit, which was absent in cat.  The retroarticular process situated caudal to the mandibular fossa in cat and absent in rabbit. The carotid foramen was large and situated only in rabbit ventromedial to the bulla tympanica. The supraorbital process of rabbit extended anteriorly and posteriorly forming rostral and caudal supraorbital fissures. The orbit was located laterally in rabbit rostrally in cat. The facial surface of the maxilla was perforated by several formina in rabbit. A large retroalveolar foramen was found only in the mandible of rabbit. The condyloid process of the mandible was large and present longitudinally in rabbit and transversally in cat. Also, the hyoid bones and the paranasal sinuses were compared at both animals. The hyoid bone located in the mandibular space in rabbit and caudal to this space in cat. The lingual process of the hyoid bone was absent in cat. The middle and great cornuae of the hyoid bone were absent in rabbit. The paranasal sinuses of rabbit were maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses. While in cat, there were frontal, sphenoidal and maxillary sinuses. The combination between the traditional gross morphology of the skulls, X-ray and scan aimed to clarify and confirm all the points of comparison between the two animal species used, which was not achieved by using only one method of them.Key words: rabbit; cat; skull; computed tomography; anatomy
SESAME OIL MITIGATES INITIATION STAGE OF DIETHYNITROSAMINE HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN RATS
Authors: Mokh AbdAllah , Abdelhady Doaa , Ghazy Emad , Aboumosalem Hadeer , Goda Wael
Published: July 2019

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocarcinogenesis in experimental animals through triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and subsequent induction of oxidative stress dependant liver damage. This study was conducted to estimate the protective role of sesame oil (SO) in the initial phase of DEN induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Forty five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups groups (n = 9 each). In the first group (control), rats were orally administrated normal saline. Rats of second group (DEN) were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with a single dose of (200mg/kg body weight, DEN) at the 8thday of the experiment. The third, fourth, fifth groups orally administrated SO at a dose (2.5, 5, 10 mL/kg b.w), respectively 1 week before i.p injection of DEN and continued for 4 successive weeks. DEN- induced hepatotoxicity as detected by normocytic normochromic anemia with marked increase in white blood cells and significant increase in hepatic damage enzymatic markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl Transferase (γGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) with significant decrease in serum total protein. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased significantly while hepatic antioxidant biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased. Histological examination of hepatic tissue of DEN treated rats proved centrolobular necrosis associated with bile duct and oval cell proliferation. This was accompanied with over expression of CYP2E1and down regulation in BAX gene expression in liver. Administration of SO minimized the harmful effects of DEN on hematological, biochemical, antioxidant and histopathological parameter as well as on gene expression. The degree of improvement was in dose dependant manner. Our findings revealed that SO supplementation can mitigate the toxic effects of DEN via their potent antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities.Key words: diethylnitrosamine, sesame oil, antioxidant, gene expression, rats
POTENTIAL AMELORATIVE EFFECT OF PANAX GINSENG ON HEPATORENAL DAMAGE OCUURED IN HYDROXUREA-TREATED RATS
Authors: Elblehi Samar , Gad El-Karim Dina
Published: July 2019

Hydroxyurea (HU) is an anti-neoplastic drug which is used for treatment of many types of tumors; however, its wide range of deleterious effects may limit its medical usage. This study was conducted to assess the possible protective role of Panax ginseng extract (Ginseng) against HU- induced hepato-renal damage in rats. Forty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 rats each). Group I (control) received 1ml purified water. Group II (Ginseng-treated) received 200 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of Panax ginseng extract. Group III (HU-treated) received HU at a dose of 500 mg/ kg b.wt. Group IV (HU plus ginseng) received HU and Panax ginseng extract in similar doses of group II and III. All the treatments were administrated orally. Treatment with Panax ginseng failed to ameliorate the hematological alterations caused by HU, but, its ability to alleviate hepato-renal cytotoxic effect was proved through significant reduction in plasma level of hepato-renal injury biomarkers (AST, ALT, GGT, urea and creatinine) which were elevated in HU-treated group. Also, this effect was affirmed by decreased level of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and enhanced anti-oxidant state (decreased MDA content and increased GPX activity) of hepato-renal tissues upon Panax ginseng extract administration with HU. Histopathologically, HU induced impairments in both hepatic and renal tissues of the treated rats. Conversely, concurrent administration of ginseng with HU partially improved these alterations.Key words: hydroxyurea; hepato-renal toxicity; Panax ginseng; rats
THE ROLE OF L. METHIONINE, L. CARNITINE, CHOLINE AND/OR SILYMARIN IN HEPATOPROTECTION AGAINST PARACETAMOL INTOXICATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN BROILERS
Authors: Aziz Mustafa , Zahra Abu Elnasr , Kheder Zaghloul , Fikry Hend
Published: July 2019

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) was used for long time in poultry as an antipyretic drug and as a growth stimulator. However, high doses of paracetamol cause unpleasant side effects such as hepatorenal toxicity as mirrored by depletion of glutathione reserve, increase lipid peroxidation and increase liver enzymes or even sudden death with lethal doses. Therefore, this study was designated to evaluate the ameliorative effect of L. methionine, L. carnitine, choline and/or silymarin on the hepatotoxic effect induced by high doses of paracetamol. The study was applied on 80 chicks (from 1 till 33 days old) in special cages divided into 8 groups each one contained 10 chicks. The 1st group was used as a control, while the next 2-5 groups were supplemented with L. methionine, L. carnitine, choline and silymarin, respectively with doses as recommended by NRC, the 5th group was supplemented with silymarin (1 g/kg diet), the 6th group was supplemented with a mixture of the 4 supplements, the 7th group (hepatic intoxicated group) was given paracetamol (650 mg/kg diet for 7 days), and the 8th  group was administrated paracetamol with a mixture of the 4 supplements. Serum samples were collected to determine levels of lipid profile [triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC)], liver damage enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST)], lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of antioxidant enzymes [glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD)]. The obtained results revealed that there was a significant improvement in all measured serum biochemical parameters and final body weight gain in the combined group (4 supplements + paracetamol) as compared to the paracetamol group. These data conclude that supplementation of poultry diets with L. methionine, L. carnitine, choline and silymarin can improve the negative effect of paracetamol through increasing the body weight gain and antioxidant activity of glutathione and superoxide dismutase and decreasing malondialdehyde, liver enzymes, cholesterol and triglycerides.Key words: L. methionine; choline; L. carnitine; silymarin; hepatoprotection; broilers
FIELD APPLICATION FOR EXPERIMENTAL INACTIVATED MULTI-VALENT P. multocida AND AVIAN INFLUENZA (H9N2) VACCINE IN POULTRY
Authors: Salama Selim , Abdelhady Heba , Atia Lamiaa
Published: July 2019

Fowl cholera (FC) and Avian Influenza (AI) are two of the major economically important respiratory and septicaemic disease of poultry in Egypt and allover the world. A field trails was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of an experimentally multivalent inactivated Fowl cholera (P. multocida) and Avian Influenza (H9N2) vaccine. The In this study a combined inactivated Montanide ISA fowl cholera and AI vaccine was prepared then the immunization potency and protective efficacy were evaluated through experimental application on different poultry breeds including broiler breeder, broiler and turkey flocks.The peak of humeral immune response against P. multocida as measured by ELISA was at the 5th week post vaccination and at 3rd week post boostering all over the used poultry flocks. At the same time, AI immune response as measured by HI reached the peak at the 6th week post vaccination and at 2nd week post boostering. Regarding the challenge test, the protection levels were 76.6, 70 and 80% and 90, 86.6 and 93.3% against P. multocida while protection levels were 83.3, 80 and 86.6% and 93.3, 90 and 96.6% against AI virus after challenge with the used virulent strains post single and booster dose respectively. In conclusion the combined prepared fowl cholera and AI vaccine succeeded in eliciting protective antibody titres and full protection against both fowl cholera and AI diseases.Key words: Pasteurella multocida; AI; vaccine; ELISA; PHA; HI; challenge test
Profil Model Pemahaman Peserta Didik pada Topik Suhu dan Kalor: Studi Lintas Pendidikan
Authors: Priyadi Rian , Suryanti Krisna , Varela Luis
Published: July 2019

Model pemahaman merupakan gambaran tentang cara berfikir peserta didik dalam memahami konsep ilmu, pentingnya mengetahui pemahaman peserta didik merupakan fokus penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Data dikumpulkan melalui pertanyaan terbuka pada materi suhu dan kalor, meliputi: pemuaian, perubahan wujud, dan perpindahan kalor. Tahapan selanjutnya data dikategorikan berdasarkan rubrik model pemahaman. Kami menemukan bahwa dominan peserta didik pada setiap tingkatan memiliki model pemahaman pada kategori synthetic. Sehingga penting untuk meningkatkan model pemahaman peserta didik, agar mereka tidak mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep suhu dan kalor.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran ECIRR (Elicit, Confront, Identify, Resolve, Reinforce) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Peserta Didik pada Materi Fluida Statis
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Dirgantara Yudi , Agustin Rena Denya , Sugilar Hamdan
Published: July 2019

Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan di SMA Plus Al-Hasan Banjarsari Kabupaten Ciamis, nilai rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik masih tergolong rendah. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran ECIRR (Elicit, Confront, Identify, Resolve, Reinforce). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterlaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran ECIRR serta peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik pada materi fluida statis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pre-experimental design dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu kelas XI MIA 1 SMA Plus Al-Hasan Banjarsari Kabupaten Ciamis berjumlah 30 orang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata aktivitas guru sebesar 84% dengan kategori sangat baik dan aktivitas peserta didik sebesar 76% dengan kategori baik. Terdapat peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik pada materi fluida statis dengan melihat indeks N-gain sebesar 0,75 yang berkategori tinggi. Hasil perhitungan dengan uji hipotesis menggunakan t-test: paired two sample for means dengan thitung > ttabel (37,03 > 2.042). Dengan demikian model pembelajaran ECIRR dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik pada materi fluida statis.
PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI MEDIA STIMULASI ASPEK PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Khasanah Ismatul , Prasetyo Agung , Rakhmawati Ellya
Published: July 2019

Kegiatan fisik yang sering dilakukan oleh anak prasekolah seperti: berguling, melompar, meluncur, berputar, berjalan dan berlari dipercaya dapat menjadi sarana dalam merangsang sistem kepekaan dan sensori bagi anak usia dini. Kegiatan tersebut melibatkan emosi dan fisik setiap individu. Setiap kegiatan yang dilakukan mengandung nilai yang penting bagi aspek perkembangan dasar?é?á anak. Nilai-nilaiyang terkandung dalam setiap permainan dapat menjadi sarana dalam pemecahan masalah yg dihadapi. Penelitian tentang ?óÔé¼?ôPermainan tradisional sebagai media stimulasi aspek perkembangan?é?á anak usia dini?óÔé¼?Ø ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mencari, merekonstruksi, dan mengklasifikasi permainan tradisional yang ada di Jawa Tengah sesuai dengan nilai budaya masyarakat. (2) Menganalisis permainan tradisional sebagai sarana stimulan empat aspek perkembangan anak usia dini yaitu aspek fisik motorik, sosial emosional, kognitif dan bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata yang diperoleh dari berbagai teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode observasi, kuisioner dan wawancara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam empat tahap yaitu : Tahap I : Tahap pendahuluan/ awal dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan; Tahap II : Pengembangan awal, rancangan untuk mengidentifikasi permainan tradisional yang dilakukan di TK Tunas Rimba I Semarang;?é?á Tahap III : Melakukan wawancara, pengisian kuisioner / angket tentang permainan tradisional; dan Tahap IV?é?á?é?á?é?á?é?á?é?á?é?á : menganalisis manfaat permainan tradisional sebagai stimulan aspek perkembangan anak. Kesimpulan yang ditemukan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa terdapat lima jenis permainan tradisional yang dilaksanakan di TK Tunas Rimba I Semarang. Jenis permainan tradisional tersebut merupakan sarana dalam mengembangkan aspek perkembangan dasar anak, seperti: pisik-mitorik, kognitif, sosial-emosional, dan bahasa. Terlebih lagi, anak usia dini dapat mengenal nilai-nilai budaya lokal yang terdapat dalam setiap jenis permainan. Hal ini sesuai dengan semboyan pembelajaran pada anak usia dini ?óÔé¼?ôBelajar seraya Bermain?óÔé¼?Ø stimulasi aspek perkembangan anak berasal dari permainan khususnya permainan tradisional budaya leluhur. ?é?á Kata kunci: permainan tradisional, media stimulasi, aspek perkembangan
Próby uobecniania tradycji w gdańskiej architekturze lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku
Authors: Piluk Dominika
Published: July 2019

Gdansk architecture of last decade of 20th century by all means tried to reconnect to the Gdansk architectural tradition, especially the glorified 19th-century German/ Gdańsk Renaissance.

The essay aims to present a preliminary analysis of the phenomenon strongly present in the Gdańsk architectural discussion in the nineties: the phenomenon of reconstruction. The city’s architectural achievements of the 19th-century were reinterpreted. Moreover, not only did architects in democratic Poland have to face a new economic situation, but also the need to emphasize the departure from the visual form imposed by the communist system, which, particularly in Gdańsk, took a form of historicism. The complex history of the city, preserved in its architecture, had a huge impact on the aesthetics of buildings designed during the transformation period. Tis thorough introduction is aimed to show commitment to the great tradition of the harbour city, which often resulted in neglecting innovations and modern architectural standards, these forced by the diffcult times of the economic change, as well as the concept of the city’s identity. The article focuses on the examples of buildings erected after 1989, as well as the public opinion debate, which jointly attempted to emphasise the mythical greatness of old Gdańsk.
Problematyka pamięci w twórczości Brunona Schulza z perspektywy niemieckiej refleksji pamięcioznawczej
Authors: Lukas Katarzyna
Published: July 2019

The author attempts at reconstructing the concept of cultural memory found in Bruno Schulz’ oeuvre. The aim is to show that Schulz, not unlike Thomas Mann, anticipated some theoretical aspects of postmodern memory studies as pursued in Germany since the 1980s. On the one hand, there are striking affinities between Schulz and the art historian Aby Warburg whose ideas of “collective visual memory” and “pathos formulas”, developed until the 1920s, have only recently been rediscovered and acclaimed in the present-day cultural research. On the other hand, Schulz draws on Jung’s depth psychology by referring to the theory of archetypes and the common unconscious. Unlike Warburg’s, Jung’s ideas have been rejected in contemporary German memory studies because of their alleged biologistic flaw. Due to his affinities to both Warburg and Jung, Schulz suggests his own vision of individual and collective memory, which allows for reconciling the “biological” and the “culture-oriented” reflection on collective memory and may be a source of inspiration in today’s research.
Łódzkie obrachunki, czyli cztery ekslibrisy Brunona Schulza
Authors: Rudnicki Włodzimierz
Published: July 2019

The author disagrees with a popular belief the Schulz’s bookplates have been made with the cliché-verre technique. He reconstructs the reasons for this misrecognition promoted by Jerzy Ficowski and Michał Kuna and the common association of Schulz’s graphic art with the Booke of Idolatry only, but in the first place makes a detailed analysis of the known bookplates, which allows him to claim that the techniques used were zincotype, drypoint, and heliogravure. The paper includes reproductions of four known bookplates by Schulz, with full descriptions made by the author.
SELF-EFFICACY AND CONTROLLABILITY AS WHISTLEBLOWING INTENTION PREDICTORS OF FINANCIAL MANAGERS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Natawibawa I Wayan Yeremia , Irianto Gugus , Roekhudin Roekhudin
Published: July 2019

The whistleblowing policy is considered an effective technique in an investigation audit that is useful for the organization to avoid losses due to fraud. However, employees who intend to report fraud encounter ethical dilemmas. Whistleblowing is a behavior that respects honesty but is also a behavior that can compromise organizational loyalty. The objective of this research is to analyze factors influencing whistleblowing intention of financial managers in school organization by understanding the action based on the decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB). Data were collected through questionnaires that were distributed to financial managers of school organizations, particularly principals, vice-principals, administration heads, treasurers, and financial administration employees of public senior high schools, vocational high schools, and Islamic high schools in Malang City. The research population comprised of 214 persons. The response rate was 89.72%, or 192 questionnaires were duly completed. The analysis method employed was a multiple regression. Two independent variables were observed in this research, namely self-efficacy and controllability, while only one dependent variable was examined, namely whistleblowing intention. Result of the research shows that self-efficacy and controllability have a positive effect on whistleblowing intention, entailing that whistleblowing intention of employees will increase when they possess self-confidence and strong intention to conduct whistleblowing.
A FERRAMENTA SERVQUAL PARA A MEDIÇÃO DA QUALIDADE EM UM CURSO DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO TÉCNICA DE NÍVEL MÉDIO
Authors: Andrade Gustavo De Oliveira , Miguel Marcelo Calderari
Published: July 2019

O Estudo analisa as percepções e expectativas dos discentes sobre a qualidade dos serviços prestados no Curso de Especialização Técnica de Nível Médio. Utiliza a proposta teórico-metodológica Servqual (PARASURAMAN; ZEITHAML; BERRY, 1985) para refletir averiguar o curso de Gestão da Qualidade em Serviços, ofertados pelo Instituto Federal de Educação do Espírito Santo. Importância e Satisfação estão em foco no olhar da clientela, essa avalia a qualidade do curso EaD considerando três determinantes: Confiabilidade, Segurança e Tangibilidade. Esse é um estudo descritivo e quantitativo, seus resultados mostram que os discentes consideram a dimensão Tangibilidade importante, no entanto, há insatisfação. Reconhece que método (com adaptações) é uma ferramenta útil para a gestão e a tomada de decisões - o qual destaca pontos fortes e fracos dos produtos e serviços ofertados. Ressalta que a estatística descritiva é uma extraordinária ferramenta para apurar as inconformidades verificadas. Por ser este um estudo de caso, seus resultados são limitados a este estudo e, aspectos de compreensão, interpretação e aplicabilidade versam a processo de desenvolvimento de serviços na instituição pesquisada. De fato, a perspectiva estratégica da qualidade não é vista de forma isolada, mas inserida em um modelo em que se reputam os aspectos cruciais para a sobrevivência da organização.