bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mucuna cinerea Seeds: Levodopa Extraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Mammalian Cell Activity
Authors: Silva Bruna , Demuner Antonio , Blank Daiane , Campos Mateus , Mendes Tiago
Published: June 2023

A new class of deep eutectic solvents (DES) was used in the extraction of levodopa (L-dopa) present in Mucuna cinerea, which has been termed “green” or “designer” solvents, with notable productive and economic/environmental benefits. The seeds of Mucuna cinerea were prepared and submitted to extraction with heating and agitation in a solvent mixture of DES with citric acid, urea, or glycerol. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which confirmed the efficiency of DES in extracting L-dopa. These extractions were carried out to determine the L-dopa extracts in DES with regard to the induction of cellular response activity, demonstrating the synergy between L-dopa and DES. The DES-glycerol extract exhibited a higher proliferative activity than commercial L-dopa after 24 h of treatment. The human glandular kallikrein-1 gene (hGK3) demonstrated higher expression in the treatment with the DES-urea, while the G protein-coupled receptor kinase-6 gene (GRK6) showed higher expression for all extracts compared to commercial L-dopa, with a higher value obtained for DES-glycerol, followed by DES-urea extract. The DES extraction method is therefore promising and unprecedented, confirming its possible use in the replacement of expensive solvents, supporting the use of ecologically viable DES in the extractions of other plant species.
SOCIO-CULTURAL BASES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS STUDENT YOUTH IDENTITY: RISKS OF CONFLICT IN INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Avdeev Evgenii , Vorobev Sergej ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: June 2023

The article considers the sociocultural foundations of the Russian, ethnic, confessional and regional identity of the North Caucasus student youth. The influence of the formation and positivity of these identities on the nature of interethnic relations, the social distance between main ethno-confessional groups and the risks of conflicting identities is analyzed. The results of sociological survey in 2022 showed a high degree of severity and positivity of the sociocultural foundations of the Russian, ethnic and regional identity. Significant variability was found in the importance of emotional and psychological connection with the main social groups (ethnos, confession, country, region) varied from one ethnic group to another. These unifying sociocultural meanings-symbols occupy an important place in the structure of the Russian identity of young people. Among youth, attitudes towards interethnic harmony, tolerance, interaction and integration prevail. The social distance between students who identify themselves with the main ethno-confessional groups is insignificant. Respondents' assessments confirm the trend towards depoliticization of ethnicity and a decrease in the conflict nature of the main macro-group identities. At the same time, the conflictogenic potential of the sociocultural foundations of young people's self-awareness is preserved.
THE INFLUENCE OF EUROCOMMUNISM ON THE IDEOLOGY AND POLITICAL PRACTICE OF THE CONTEMPORARY "RADICAL LEFT"
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Katorzhevskij Pavel
Published: June 2023

After the dismantling of socialism in the Soviet Union and countries of "people's democracy", left forces used different variations of ideological transformation and reactualization of its program. The most relevant model of adaptation was the preservation of "anti-capitalism" in combination with the desire to use the mechanisms of liberal democracy. Parties that have chosen this path of transformation are referred to as the "radical left" (RLP). While remaining committed to the Marxism, RLPs reject Stalinism, use populist slogans, and are agree for building coalitions with ideological opponents. Most RLPs trace its lineage back to the parties that originated with Eurocommunism or used elements of it in its ideology. Despite the collapse of the Eurocommunist project at the end of the twentieth century, the marginalization of the Communist parties that espoused it and the desire of the modern "radical left" to disassociate itself from its predecessors, they continue to reproduce elements of political practices used by Eurocommunists. By the political practices of Eurocommunism, we understand the strategy of interaction of Eurocommunist parties with the institutions of liberal democracy that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s. The article analyzes the influence of the ideological legacy of Eurocommunism on the political strategy of modern European RLPs and provides a description and classification of parties of this spectrum. The aim of the article is to correlate the influence of the ideological legacy of Eurocommunism on modern RLPs and to identify the contradictions arising in the process of implementation of its program.
TIKTOK IN ELECTORAL COMMUNICATION: THE CASE OF RUSSIAN STATE DUMA ELECTIONS 2021
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zuykina Kristina , Krinitsyna Nedezhda ,   PLC “FutureToday”
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the features of electoral communication in the political cluster of TikTok channels during the election of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation, which took place from September 17 to 19, 2021. Using the method of content analysis, content strategies that were used by channels of a polar political orientation were identified and characterized. Thus, pro-government channels followed a strategy that we described as “television”: an attempt to use existing formats (mainly television) on a new platform (cuttings from television interviews), a combination of emotional and rational types of argumentation (as in the course of television debates), the use of topics informational character). The channels of the opposition candidates used a personalized "user" approach: publishing video messages to users on behalf of the candidates, the emotional nature of the videos, designed to involve subscribers in communication. This approach made it possible to involve users in the electoral discussion to a greater extent, which was confirmed by the results of calculating the user involvement coefficient. At the same time, the results of the study showed that neither the pro-government nor the opposition political forces were ready to be fully involved in the creation of content and adapt it to the unique formats of the TikTok service, and in the vast majority of cases they published content previously created for other communication channels. Thus, the potential of TikTok was only half used.
Natural and Synthetic Peptides to Control Drug-resistant Pathogens
Authors: de Sousa Francisca J.F. , Costa Igor R.S. , Cavalcante Francisco L.P. , Silva Ana J.O. , Brito Daiane M.S. , da Silva José Y.G. , Silva José J.L. , Almeida Camila G.L. , Mesquita Felipe P. , Souza Pedro F.N.
Published: June 2023

Due to the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in farming and clinic, pathogens
developed resistance mechanisms to currently used drugs. Thus, because of this resistance,
drugs become ineffective, leading to public health problems worldwide. According to the World
Health Organization (WHO), microbial resistance to drugs is one of the most threats that humanity
must face. Therefore, it is imperative to seek alternative methods to overcome microbial resistance.
Here, the potential of natural or synthetic antimicrobial peptides to overcome microbial resistance
will be discussed, and how peptides could be a source for new therapeutics molecules. In this context,
antimicrobial peptides (natural or synthetic) are considered promising molecules based on
their antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, making them eligible for developing new
drugs. In addition, they can act synergistically with existing drugs on the market, revealing a broad
spectrum of applications.
Association between Proinflammatory Cytokines and Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Parlindungan Faisal , Hidayat Rudy , Ariane Anna , Shatri Hamzah
Published: June 2023

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have a greater prevalence of anxiety and depression. Proinflammatory cytokines are elevated in RA. We aim to evaluate the association between systemic inflammation in RA and anxiety and depression.

Methods:

There were 31 RA patients, 16 with active disease activity and 15 in remission state; they were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and for RA disease activity using Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) – CRP (C-reactive protein). Serum proinflammatory cytokines were measured, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α).

Results:

Among 31 patients, ten patients showed anxiety symptoms, 19 patients showed depression symptoms, and two displayed mixed symptoms. Serum TNF-α levels were significantly higher in active disease than in the remission group (p-value 0.006). There was no association or correlation between proinflammatory cytokines to anxiety and depression symptoms in the active disease and remission groups.

Conclusion:

This suggests that other factors besides disease activity and state of systemic inflammation may cause anxiety and depression in RA patients.
Clinical and Radiological Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid in Periodontal Infrabony Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aldahlawi Salwa A.
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

There is no consensus on the clinical and radiological benefits of hyaluronic acid (HA) in patients with periodontitis having infrabony defects. Hence, this study examined the effects of HA in periodontitis patients with infrabony defects through a comprehensive systematic review process.

Methodology:

A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception to March 2022. Randomized or non-randomized clinical trials and single-arm clinical trials that assessed the clinical and radiological benefits of HA in periodontitis patients with infrabony defects with a minimum of 6 months follow-up were included in this study. Surgical regenerative therapy was considered as the comparator. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and Downs and Black checklist was used for the quality assessment of randomized and non-randomized interventional studies, respectively. A subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the heterogeneity and robustness of the findings, respectively.

Results:

A total of 13 out of 725 studies were included in this systematic review, of which 9 were considered for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated significant benefits of HA in terms of reduction in probing pocket depth (SMD: 1.12 mm; 95% CI: 0.60-1.65; 9 studies), bone defect depth (SMD: 1.04mm; 95%CI: 0.62-1.47; 3 studies) and gain in clinical attachment level (1.04 mm; 95% CI: 0.33-2.47; 8 studies). Overall, the quality of included studies was good.

Conclusion:

The current evidence indicates that the administration of HA in the periodontal regenerative treatment of infrabony defects was significantly effective in increasing clinical attachment levels and reducing probing pocket and bone defect depth.
Inclusions of flowers of Podopterus (Polygonaceae) in the Miocene amber of Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Estrada-Ruiz Emilio
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims: The Miocene amber from Chiapas, Mexico, shows high diversity of biological inclusions such as plants, fungi, arthropods, and vertebrates, being one of the most important amber-bearing areas worldwide. The aim of this work is to describe a new record based on four bisexual flowers belonging to the fossil species Podopterus mijangosae, that has been described recently based on its winged fruits only.Methods: The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the four fossil flowers were observed using a binocular stereoscopic microscope. The taxonomic affinity was decided by consulting specialized literature, as well as the review of herbarium material of the genera Podopterus, Fallopia, and Neomillspaughia of Polygonaceae.Key results: The four fossil specimens are bisexual, small, and have actinomorphic flowers, with differentiated perianth, three petals and three sepals per series, stamens are free and with thread-like filaments, anthers are dithecal and basifixed, the ovary is superior, syncarpous, 3-angular, with three free styles, and capitate stigmas. Conclusions: This new report of flowers of Podopterus adds more evidence that the family Polygonaceae was an important component of the tropical forest of Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, Mexico, during the Miocene.
A Network of two Markets, Correlations for Stocks in the S&P500 Index and Stocks Traded in the BMV
Authors: Treviño Aguilar Erick , Calvillo Vives Gilberto , Heald Jeremy
Published: June 2023

Our goal is to study how stocks from Mexico and United States are interconnected. We apply a novel method based on a graphical model. We estimate partial correlations for every year of the period 2000-2020. Our results based on partial correlation matrices show a systematic level of inter-connectivity across countries that metrics from network theory confirm. An important difference between these countries is how sectors in each market are linked. Most sector graphs in the United States are densely interconnected. In contrast, sectors in Mexico present much less links. We then compare networks in the periods of the subprime mortgage crisis and the crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The different propagation speeds of both crises are correctly captured by the metrics. A limitation is derived from information, and it is desirable to include actualized data in the study. The deployed novel method, which led to obtain new results, endow originality to the work. It is concluded that disaggregated data provides a promising venue of research.
Principales enfermedades en el cultivo de mora de Castilla
Authors:   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA
Published: June 2023

Las principales enfermedades de la mora de castilla son: Tuna negra, secadera, tusa o peronospora, crespera, cenicilla o churrusquera, moho gris o pudrición del fruto.
Banco de Germoplasma Vegetal de la Nación Colombiana (BGV)
Authors: Cerón Souza Ivania , Reyes Herrera Paula Helena , Martínez Camelo Fabián Enrique
Published: June 2023

En Colombia, las colectas de especies con potencial agrícola iniciaron en el año 1942 con el fin de crear colecciones de trabajo para que los mejoradores del país pudieran hacer nuevos cruzamientos y crear nuevas variedades. Posteriormente, entre 1962 hasta 1994, estas colecciones fueron administradas por el ICA. En 1994, se funda la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica, ahora AGROSAVIA) con funciones de investigación separadas del ICA. A partir de ese momento, se establece el Sistema Nacional de Bancos de Germoplasma de la Nación Colombiana (SNBGNC) animal y vegetal utilizando como base las colecciones de trabajo.
A Comparison of ChatGPT and Fine-Tuned Open Pre-Trained Transformers (OPT) Against Widely Used Sentiment Analysis Tools: Sentiment Analysis of COVID-19 Survey Data (Preprint)
Authors: Lossio-Ventura Juan Antonio , Weger Rachel , Lee Angela Y , Guinee Emily P , Chung Joyce , Atlas Lauren , Linos Eleni , Pereira Francisco
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Health care providers and health-related researchers face significant challenges when applying sentiment analysis tools to health-related free-text survey data. Most state-of-the-art applications were developed in domains such as social media, and their performance in the health care context remains relatively unknown. Moreover, existing studies indicate that these tools often lack accuracy and produce inconsistent results.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to address the lack of comparative analysis on sentiment analysis tools applied to health-related free-text survey data in the context of COVID-19. The objective was to automatically predict sentence sentiment for 2 independent COVID-19 survey data sets from the National Institutes of Health and Stanford University.

METHODS

Gold standard labels were created for a subset of each data set using a panel of human raters. We compared 8 state-of-the-art sentiment analysis tools on both data sets to evaluate variability and disagreement across tools. In addition, few-shot learning was explored by fine-tuning Open Pre-Trained Transformers (OPT; a large language model [LLM] with publicly available weights) using a small annotated subset and zero-shot learning using ChatGPT (an LLM without available weights).

RESULTS

The comparison of sentiment analysis tools revealed high variability and disagreement across the evaluated tools when applied to health-related survey data. OPT and ChatGPT demonstrated superior performance, outperforming all other sentiment analysis tools. Moreover, ChatGPT outperformed OPT, exhibited higher accuracy by 6% and higher F-measure by 4% to 7%.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of LLMs, particularly the few-shot learning and zero-shot learning approaches, in the sentiment analysis of health-related survey data. These results have implications for saving human labor and improving efficiency in sentiment analysis tasks, contributing to advancements in the field of automated sentiment analysis.
Evaluating a game-based mobile diaphragmatic breathing exercise: Quasi-experimental pre-test post-test study (Preprint)
Authors: Vreeswijk Wilhelmus Andreas
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

The lack of knowledge on stress self-regulation can significantly impact health and
overall well-being. Traditional stress management methods, such as mindfulness
meditation and progressive muscle relaxation, have limitations, including a lack of
interactivity. However, studies have shown that gamification can effectively address
these limitations by integrating stress management techniques into video games.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to enhance stress self-regulation among younger adults by
evaluating the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing exercises embedded in
video games. Specifically, the focus is on Breeze 2, a mobile-based biofeedback game
emphasising a short diaphragmatic breathing exercise.

METHODS

The evaluation of Breeze 2 involved quantitative data analysis obtained from
questionnaires and physiological data measurements. Twenty student participants
took part in the experiment. Data collection included the administration of a
perceived stress scale questionnaire, a perceived effectiveness questionnaire, and
tracking heart rate variability and breathing rate.

RESULTS

The findings suggest that a short breathing session using Breeze 2 effectively
reduces stress, as the perceived effectiveness questionnaire indicates. However, the
reliability of the physiological data measurements is lower than anticipated, making
it challenging to establish relationships between questionnaire scores and
physiological data.

CONCLUSIONS

It is recommended to conduct a longitudinal study to examine the sustained effects
of using Breeze 2 and to validate the methods of measuring physiological data in
future research. By doing so, a more comprehensive understanding of the
effectiveness of incorporating diaphragmatic breathing exercises in video games for
stress self-regulation can be obtained.
Appeal of editor-in-chief
Authors: Stepanov Yu.M.
Published: June 2023

No abstract
Efficacy of bile salt hydrolase synthesizing probiotic bacteria in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea
Authors: Polishchuk S.P. , Neverovskyi A.V.
Published: June 2023

Background. One of the mechanisms of the of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is bile acid malabsorption (BAM). In addition to the use of bile acid sequestrants, probiotic bacteria synthesizing bile salt hydrolase (BSH) are promising in the treatment of probable BAM. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of combined treatment (a probiotic based on strains of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces boulardii and cholestyramine) with cholestyramine monotherapy in the treatment of IBS-D. Materials and methods. A 12-week randomized study included 108 patients with IBS-D divided into a control group (n = 51) receiving only cholestyra­mine and an experimental group (n = 57) receiving a combination of cholestyramine and the study probiotic. At baseline, the relative activity of BSH of the study probiotic capsules was determined. During the stages of the study, patients were examined using clinical scales. Results. The relative activity of BSH of the capsules with the studied probiotic was (2.07 ± 0.06) U/ml compared to (1.00 ± 0.04) U/ml of capsules with L.plantarum and (0.03 ± 0.01) U/ml — with L.plantarum without BSH genes. In the experimental group, the severity of bloating and visceral sensitivity index were lower after 8 and 12 weeks, and the value of the stool type according to the Bristol scale and its daily frequency — after 12 weeks compared to the control group, p < 0.05. According to the scale of IBS-adequate relief, the percentage of achieving a clinical effect was higher in the experimental group compared to the controls after 12 weeks, odds ratio was 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.03–1.68), p = 0.038. Conclusions. Additional prescription of a probiotic with BSH synthesizing bacterial strains is more effective in improving clinical manifestations of IBS-D and achieving a therapeutic effect compared to cholestyramine monotherapy.
Children in Primary and Secondary Education Should Continue to be Taught Handwriting in the Digital Age
Authors: Lyu Yue
Published: June 2023

As more and more new technologies have been introduced to traditional classrooms in schools, handwriting has been overlooked in the digital age. This paper examines the key roles of handwriting in promoting children’s brain development, increasing creativity, improving academic writing competence, and providing help for children with learning difficulties to address the importance of handwriting. Based on that, the paper concludes that children in primary and secondary education should continue to be taught handwriting in the digital age. It suggests that appropriate methods of handwriting instruction in the new digital age need to be identified.
Characterizing Controversiality of Topics Utilizing Eccentricity of Opinions
Authors:   Binghamton University, Pandey Sriniwas , Sayama Hiroki ,   Binghamton University
Published: June 2023

Access to abundant biased information in echo chambers and social bubbles often intensifies opinions to the extremes. The extremization of opinions results in several topics becoming controversial. However, it is very difficult to measure the degree of controversiality of a topic objectively since the controversiality of any topic is subjective and perceived differently from different communities. The absence of an objective measure of controversiality has been a major hindrance in understanding the causes and effects of it. In this work we propose a method to quantify controversiality of a topic by utilizing eccentricity of opinions on that topic. The eccentricity of an opinion is the amount of strangeness of the opinion relative to other opinions in the social neighborhood. The collective eccentricity of all opinions for a topic works as an indicator of the controversiality of that topic and can be represented by any measure of central tendency. With the help of social network data, we also demonstrate that opinions on several issues related to our routine life show similar trends for diversity though they differ in their controversiality.
La crisis sanitaria
Authors: Ponce de León Rosales Samuel , Rodríguez Álvarez Mauricio , Pérez Padilla José Rogelio , de la Vega de la Peña Mariana del Carmen , Kraus Weisman Arnoldo Samuel , de la Peña Pintos Carlos , Delice Pierre Antoine , Cruz Pacheco Gustavo , Bustamante Castañeda José Fernando , Jiménez Corona María Eugenia , Shamah Levy Teresa , Basto Abreu Ana Cristina , Colchero Aragonés Mónica Arantxa , Carnalla Cortés Martha , López Olmedo Nancy Paulina , Pérez Ferrer Carolina , Barrientos Gutiérrez Tonatiuh , Bautista Arredondo Sergio Antonio , Rivera Dommarco Juan Ángel , Baridó Murguía María Enriqueta , Gómez Herrera María Norma , Torres Ruiz María Fernanda , de la Rosa Zamboni Daniela , Ochoa Hein Eric , Torres Rincón José María , Morales Rodríguez José Alejandro , García García María de Lourdes , Castañeda Cediel Martha Lucía , Mongua Rodríguez Norma Piedad , Márquez Murillo Manlio Fabio , Cueva Parra Angel David , Macías Hernández Alejandro Ernesto
Published: June 2023

Si la pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido en México un impacto devastador en prácticamente todas las actividades de la sociedad, el sector sanitario ha sido sin lugar a duda el más afectado; primero por la incertidumbre, la insuficiencia y la realidad que lo aplastó desde los primeros días y, pasada la emergencia, por el rezago en la atención que amenaza con sobrecargar todavía más y por mucho tiempo los servicios de diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención. Este volumen reúne el testimonio en primera persona de profesionales que han enfrentado la epidemia de COVID-19 en México en diversos frentes de batalla del sector sanitario y que a través de su mirada nos comparten generosamente una lectura íntima e integral de lo ocurrido. En los textos que aquí se presentan, los autores ofrecen reflexiones subjetivas, lecturas críticas y propositivas, así como un conjunto de análisis con rigor metodológico con lo que se integra una obra que ayudará a dimensionar la complejidad de un fenómeno que ha superado cualquier pronóstico o expectativa.
Ecología, medio ambiente y sustentabilidad
Authors: Oyama Nakagawa Ken Alberto , García Oliva Felipe Francisco , Martínez Ruiz Xicoténcatl Octavio , Suzán Azpiri Gerardo , Marcé Santa Erika , Rico Chávez Oscar , Ojeda Flores Rafael , Campillo Balderas José Alberto , Álvarez Añorve Mariana Yolotl , Avila Cabadilla Luis Daniel , Sánchez Montes Daniel Sokani , Colunga Salas Pablo Francisco , Álvarez Betancourt Sandra , Benítez Malvido Julieta , Sánchez Cordero Dávila Víctor Manuel Guillermo , Botello López Francisco Javier , Sarmiento Jacqueline , Medellín Legorreta Rodrigo Antonio , Arroyo Quiroz Ines , Sánchez Larios Hérica , Ghilardi Adrián , Quesada Avendaño Mauricio Ricardo , Stephens Christopher Rhodes , Salinas Medina Alejandro , García Peña Gabriel Ernesto , Gordillo Ruiz José Luis , Calero Ramos Romel , Romero Martínez Pedro , González Salazar Constantino , Ruiz Mercado Ilse , Navarrete Pacheco José Antonio , Sturdivant Emily James , Velasco Segura Roberto , Chávez Ortiz Pamela , Morón Cruz José Alberto , Castañeda Contreras Saúl Rafael
Published: June 2023

La pandemia de COVID-19 es una de las manifestaciones más notorias de los procesos globales que están afectando a la humanidad. Los efectos de las actividades antropogénicas y los cambios climáticos, demográficos y tecnológicos han modificado los patrones de riesgo de las enfermedades infecciosas en las últimas décadas. Estas enfermedades han aparecido cada vez con mayor frecuencia debido a múltiples factores, entre los que se encuentran la destrucción de los ecosistemas naturales, la urbanización, la intensificación de la agricultura, la industrialización y el cambio climático. Estas enfermedades se propagan inesperadamente a sitios donde antes no ocurrían, debido a los cambios en los patrones de distribución geográfica de las especies patógenas y a su rápida dispersión gracias a la gran conectividad global. Este libro pretende mostrar que la emergencia de las pandemias tiene un profundo sustento en la destrucción de la naturaleza y la pérdida irreversible de la biodiversidad. El análisis de los procesos ecológicos y evolutivos contribuirá a entender los mecanismos, la persistencia y la aparición de nuevas variantes de patógenos causantes de enfermedades infecciosas.
Las enseñanzas de la pandemia
Authors: Graue Wiechers Enrique , Valencia García Guadalupe , Lozano Ascencio Fernando , Valdivia López Marcos , Mendoza González Miguel Ángel Hilario , Cordera Campos Rolando , Sánchez Vargas Armando , Provencio Durazo Enrique , Salas Quintanal Hernán Javier , Pérez Castro Ana Bella , Salmorán Villar María de Guadalupe , Salazar Ugarte Pedro , Medina Mora Icaza María Elena Teresa , Hansberg Torres Olga Elizabeth , Flores Dávila Julia Isabel , González Pérez Luis Raúl , Corzo Sosa Edgar , López Leyva Miguel Armando , Montes de Oca Barrera Laura Beatriz , Montes de Oca Zavala Verónica Zenaida , Martínez Ruiz Diana Tamara , Lorenzano Schifrin Sandra Silvina , Casanova Cardiel Hugo , Trejo Quintana Janneth , Rivero Weber Paulina , Cruz Parcero Juan Antonio , Ziccardi Contigiani Alicia Ermelinda , Suárez Lastra Manuel , Ponce de León Rosales Samuel , Rodríguez Álvarez Mauricio , Oyama Nakagawa Alberto Ken , García Oliva Felipe Francisco , Arredondo Martínez Yuritzi
Published: June 2023

Esta obra presenta de forma sintética los resultados de la reflexión colectiva que ofrece la colección La década COVID en México en sus catorce tomos. Aquí encontramos los hallazgos, análisis, interpretaciones, reflexiones y recomendaciones de política pública sobre cada temática abordada por las plumas expertas convocadas por las y los coordinadores de los volúmenes.
El seminario “La década COVID en México”, donde cada grupo de investigación expuso sus resultados, propició un diálogo enriquecedor entre quienes cultivan las ciencias sociales, las humanidades, las ciencias de la salud y las ciencias biológicas en torno a la crisis sanitaria y humanitaria que nos sacude desde finales de 2019.
El tomo es botón de muestra de toda la colección: nos presenta, desde una mirada interdisciplinaria y colectiva, una visión integral de los efectos de una pandemia que, se calcula, estarán presentes por lo menos durante una década. En su conjunto, la colección evidencia que la UNAM no se detuvo: desde nuestras casas, cubículos y salas de reunión, de forma virtual, híbrida y después presencial, trabajamos con ahínco para ofrecer respuestas sobre esta crisis a la nación a la que nos debemos.
Recuperación del empleo en los estados de México en la fase post COVID-19
Authors: Vergara González Reyna , Mejía Reyes Pablo , Reyes Hernández Marlen Rocio
Published: June 2023

El objetivo de este documento es explicar la recuperación del empleo formal (total, permanente y eventual) de los estados mexicanos durante la fase post-pandemia del COVID-19, para lo que se realiza un análisis econométrico. Entre los resultados principales destacan una relación negativa y robusta entre el crecimiento del empleo estatal con la amplitud de la recesión precedente, lo que da evidencia del efecto “rebote”, así como efectos positivos y significativos del grado de apertura económica y de la capacidad de ajuste de los mercados a los choques, pero muy limitados del gasto público.
Factores que influyen en la lealtad de los lectores de sitios web de noticias
Authors: Dávila Garza Horacio , Alarcón Martínez Gustavo Juan , López Pérez Jesús Fabián
Published: June 2023

Los medios tradicionales de información se han visto en la necesidad de evolucionar a un ambiente digital con motivo del avance tecnológico, cambiando la manera en que hacen llegar la información a los usuarios de noticias. Esto ha provocado que los medios consideren relevante generar lealtad de los lectores hacia sus sitios web informativos. En este sentido, se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple a una muestra de 486 adultos residentes de las ciudades de México, Monterrey y Guadalajara, donde los resultados muestran que factores como familiaridad, satisfacción y reputación se relacionan de manera positiva con la lealtad de los lectores de los sitios web de noticias. Además, muestran que la importancia de dichos factores es distinta cuando el análisis se realiza estratificándolo por residencia, género o escolaridad, lo que permite concluir que los medios informativos pueden dirigir sus esfuerzos de lealtad dependiendo de las características de sus lectores.
Crecimiento económico regional en México: análisis del proceso de convergencia en los últimos 40 años
Authors: Osorio-Caballero María Isabel Isabel , Nuñez Roy , Artal-Tur Andrés
Published: June 2023

Después de la superación de las políticas de sustitución de importaciones de los años 70 tras el cambio de las condiciones de la economía internacional, el gobierno mexicano iniciaba un fuerte proceso de ajuste y reestructuración productiva basado en la apertura comercial y la aplicación de las recetas del Consenso de Washington en los años 1982-1988. De acuerdo con la teoría neoclásica del crecimiento, las economías menos desarrolladas tenderían a cerrar la brecha de ingreso per cápita con las más desarrolladas en un proceso de convergencia económica. El presente artículo ofrece una visión amplia de la evolución del crecimiento económico en los estados mexicanos en un contexto de convergencia económica. Se analiza así la problemática de la convergencia estatal en México entre 1980-2018. Para ello se aplica un modelo de datos de panel que incluye las principales variables seleccionadas por la literatura internacional. En particular, el análisis respalda la opinión de que la apertura comercial, variables de corte institucionales, el nivel de educación y variables de población, como la tasa de fertilidad y la esperanza de vida, son variables explicativas clave de las trayectorias de crecimiento diferenciadas para los estados. Se observa así un proceso de convergencia seguramente condicional a distintos estados estacionarios por grupos de estados del país en las pasadas cuatro décadas.
Understanding the impact of physico-chemical parameters on aquatic invertebrates in Lake Chalco, Mexico City
Authors: Farfán-Beltrán Manuel Edday , Arellano-Aguilar Omar , Cordoba-Aguilar Alex
Published: June 2023

Many urban environments are places with strong stressors that substantially modify water quality. Although tests evaluating water quality are usually physico-chemical, including biological components can also provide relevant information. Lake Chalco, at the border between Mexico City and Estado de México, interacts with the surrounding human population. We investigated some water quality parameters and the community of macroinvertebrates living in Lake Chalco. From January to October 2017, we sampled water along the shoreline in 4 permanent areas of the lake. We recorded the NH4+, NO3-N, NO2-N, total P, Zn, Cu2+, ORP, DO, TDS, conductivity, and pH. In addition, we characterized the richness, composition, and abundance of the macroinvertebrate community. There was spatial and temporal variation in physico-chemical parameters, perhaps due to the agricultural activity around the lake. Nevertheless, water quality was unable to be placed in a category of the national law. Four out of 20 macroinvertebrate RTU’s significantly correlated with environmental variables. Thus, no bioindicators could be proposed. In general, lake water quality is poor, so it is not recommended for anthropic activities. Yet, the lake may be important as a center of dispersion for aquatic invertebrates.
Microbial diversity of the Tecozautla geyser, Mexico
Authors: Segovia-Cruz Jesus Alberto , Souza Valeria , Mercado-Flores Yuridia , Anducho-Reyes Miguel Ángel , Vargas-Hernández Genaro , Téllez-Jurado Alejandro
Published: June 2023

In this research, the thermophilic microbial composition of samples from four areas of the Tecozautla geyser, Hidalgo, Mexico, was studied. The samples were: sediments (GD), salt deposits (GA), and microbial mats (GB and GC). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons was carried out, obtaining 1,425,506 readings. Bioinformatic analysis identified 32 phyla in the four samples being the most representative for the GA Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, and Thermi. For the GB, they were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Thermi, and Firmicutes. For the GC were observed the phyla Chloroflexi, Armatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Finally, for the GD, the most abundant phyla were Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Armatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, and Nitrospirae. The metabolic functionality of the microbial communities present in the samples was inferred using the 16S rRNA amplicons. This work represents the first report of the microbial communities present in the Tecozautla geyser.
Tres escritos de Alfredo Chavero joven y una aproximación a “los relatos de viaje”
Authors: Arias Gómez María Eugenia
Published: June 2023

El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar que los tres relatos de viaje seleccionados son una “fuente histórica”. Esta hipótesis se desprende de los aportes de Alfredo Chavero, su autor, quien los fechó en 1864: además de registrar una visión del acontecer pretérito e inmediato de los sitios que visitó en partes de Colima, Durango y la Sierra Madre Occidental, narró las experiencias e impresiones que tuvo durante su recorrido y registró datos geográficos, socioeconómicos, políticos, culturales y costumbristas locales. En el cuerpo central del estudio, describo el contexto histórico e incluyo una semblanza de Chavero; propongo etapas de su vida, con base en la teoría de las generaciones; analizo los relatos desde una perspectiva historiográfica, fundamentada en autoridades en la materia, y también me acerco a la categoría “literatura de viajes”, entrelazando conceptos de especialistas en este género con ideas propias. Concluyo que los relatos referidos tienen el carácter que planteo; que desde joven Chavero fue un escritor liberal, que destacó por promover el arte, la arqueología y la historia, entre otras; y que, cuando conjugamos diversos enfoques al trabajar textos, adquirimos riqueza multidisciplinaria a través del intercambio de puntos de vista en nuestras investigaciones.
La modernización de la banda de alientos mexicana y su incursión en los inicios de la industria del fonógrafo
Authors: Mercado Villalobos Alejandro
Published: June 2023

En el artículo se analiza el surgimiento y consolidación de las bandas de alientos mexicanas, haciendo evidente el tránsito de las músicas de armonía de antecedentes virreinales, a las modernas músicas conformadas por instrumentos técnicamente perfeccionados. Se parte de la idea de que ese particular conjunto musical fue fundamental en el propio desarrollo cultural de la sociedad mexicana decimonónica, ya sea por la ejecución de repertorio europeo siguiendo la herencia hispana o incorporando himnos y marchas, sones y canciones, que favorecían la construcción del nacionalismo musical y, con ello, un sentimiento de identidad y pertenencia. Esto justifica el interés por examinar la incursión de las músicas en la naciente industria fonográfica y por revisar las primeras grabaciones realizadas entre 1904 y 1910, mediante conjuntos sumamente significativos. Me refiero a las bandas de Zapadores, la de Artillería y la perteneciente a la Policía de la Ciudad de México. Para lograr el cometido, se usa la hermenéutica como método de estudio en el análisis de prensa decimonónica, así como referencias de archivos sonoros y de la historiografía relacionada con el objeto de estudio.
Una mirada al claustro conventual de Actopan, siglo XX
Authors: Martínez Guzmán Juan Carlos
Published: June 2023

El siguiente trabajo presenta y utiliza una fotografía conservada en la Fototeca Nacional (Pachuca) para recrear una parte concreta del convento agustino de Actopan (también en Hidalgo). Propone una reconstrucción de tipo virtual, pero también ubica en el tiempo y espacio mexicanos a varias de las instituciones encargadas de generar este tipo de imágenes fotográficas, clave para el registro patrimonial mexicano, y generadas sobre todo por cámaras de fuelle. Se trata de un escrito con características híbridas. Por un lado, presenta un contexto para las etapas históricas que conocieran los edificios monásticos novohispanos; por otro, la necesaria contextualización para una pieza fotográfica. Debido a la cercanía del tema, arquitectura virreinal, es mencionado con frecuencia Guillermo Kahlo, un célebre personaje que permite adentrarse en el tema del registro monumental mexicano, práctica que conociera una estabilidad a partir del periodo porfiriano. Es una combinación de un patrimonio arquitectónico con un patrimonio fotográfico, de manera que el escrito cierra con una secuencia de imágenes obtenidas mediante un registro visual in situ y de su manipulación ante un monitor y con auxilio de los programas especializados.
El ejido conservacionista: un esfuerzo por el cuidado de los bosques de la nación, 1917-1940
Authors: Urquiza García Humberto
Published: June 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la configuración de las formas jurídicas del ejido conservacionista, un modelo de propiedad que emergió de la Constitución de 1917. Las élites científicas mexicanas manifestaban la preocupación por los recursos forestales desde la segunda mitad del siglo xix y gracias a la Constitución fue posible desarrollar una serie de políticas gubernamentales enfocadas en la conservación y la gestión de los bosques nacionales. A través del análisis de los planteamientos sobre propiedad y conservación previos a la Revolución y del grupo conservacionista preocupado por los recursos forestales, se mostrará que la idea de conservación forestal presente en la normatividad agraria posrevolucionaria provino de los planteamientos sobre la importancia climática, hidrológica y de salud pública de los bosques. La conclusión principal es que las tesis conservacionistas entre 1921 y 1940, presentes en las leyes agrarias y resoluciones de la Suprema Corte sobre dotación y restitución de tierras, buscaron impulsar un proyecto de conservación comunitaria de los bosques nacionales en sintonía con la conservación de las cuencas hidrológicas.
Embarazo y sífilis: la tesis profesional de Medicina de Bernardo J. Gastélum presentada en 1908
Authors: Beltrán López Dina
Published: June 2023

El propósito de este texto es analizar la tesis de medicina de Bernardo J. Gastélum titulada “Embarazo y sífilis. De la marcha y duración de las lesiones venéreo-sifilíticas”, defendida en 1908 para graduarse de médico en la Escuela de Medicina y Farmacia de Guadalajara, Jalisco, y la cual fue su primera contribución al conocimiento científico. El texto en cuestión es un estudio valioso que coadyuva a conocer a un personaje que sobresalió más allá de Sinaloa, México, su estado natal. Como metodología se aplicó el análisis del discurso y como técnica el análisis de contenido. Se concluye que el tesista logró una investigación rigurosa en los aspectos teórico y metodológico y que hizo aportaciones al estado del conocimiento de la sífilis mediante el estudio de siete embarazadas enfermas de la ciudad de Guadalajara. La principal contribución de este trabajo es que fortalece la línea de investigación enfocada al estudio de los avances en el ámbito de la salud de éste y otros médicos a partir de sus tesis profesionales.
Transforming Healthcare System through AI Sustainability: Chatbots and Emergency Assistance
Authors: Deorukhkar Uddhav
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The healthcare sector is facing numerous challenges, including the spread of misinformation on the internet, a shortage of healthcare assistance, inadequate patient management, emergency care, and disease detection. The process of appointments can also be time-consuming and inconvenient for patients who may not be able to visit a hospital or doctor for all minor issues and doubts. The paper suggests using AI chatbots and portals to improve patient access and information, an Emergency Fatality Assistance and SOS system for immediate care, a Report & Medicine Tracking system for better patient outcomes, and AI technology in disease detection for early diagnosis and treatment. This proposed system aims to contribute to the existing literature on the integration of AI sustainability in healthcare services to address these challenges and improve patient outcomes.
House Price Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Juneja Dr. Sonia , Chaudhary Neha , Gupta Ritul , Kaushik Ojasvi , Ishan Mohd , Sharma Ayush
Published: June 2023

Abstract: House price prediction is the process of using learning based techniques to predict the future sale price of a house. It explores the use of predictive models to accurately forecast house prices. It also examines the effectiveness of using machine learning algorithms to predict house prices. In particular, our research investigates the impact of data such as location, duration of house, dimension of house on the accuracy of the predictions. Finally, a discussion on the implications of using machine learning algorithms for predicting price for consumers and real estate professionals is presented. The proposed method is evaluated using a dataset of real-world housing prices, and results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing models in terms of both accuracy and robustness. The current research also focusses on potential areas for future research and potential applications of the proposed approach.
Mechanical Properties and Assessment of PLA Mixed with Carbon by Using Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Raja P , Duraimurugan R , Aravind T , Mohanraj K
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing process that creates a physical object from a digital design. The process works by laying down thin layers of material in the form of liquid or powered plastic, metal or cement, and then fusing the layers together. Fused deposition modelling has gained much attention in recent years, as it revolutionizes the rapid manufacturing of customized polymer-based composite components. To facilitate the engineering applications of these fused deposition modelling printed components, understanding their basic mechanical behaviours is necessary. In this project, the mechanical characteristics, including tensile, hardness and impact properties of samples fabricated by fused deposition modelling with different additives, i.e. wood, ceramic, copper, aluminium and carbon fibres, based polylactic acid composites are comprehensively investigated. The effects of different polylactic composites, build orientations and raster angles on mechanical responses are compared and analysed in detail. In this study, We investigate the mechanical properties such as Tensile strength, Impact strength, and Hardness of three dimensional (3D) Carbon mixed with PLA (polylactic acid) filament. The specimen are made using FDM method. The blend ratio of PLA and the carbon additive is chosen as 8:2 in this Project, which is believed to have the effectively modified mechanical properties compared to the pure PLA. For each printing orientation, two kinds of printing paths are designed with parameter of raster angles , Infill Density , Speed .
Fast quantum transfer mediated by topological domain walls
Authors: Zurita Juan , Creffield Charles E. , Platero Gloria
Published: June 2023

The duration of bidirectional transfer protocols in 1D topological models usually scales exponentially with distance. In this work, we propose transfer protocols in multidomain SSH chains and Creutz ladders that lose the exponential dependence, greatly speeding up the process with respect to their single-domain counterparts, reducing the accumulation of errors and drastically increasing their performance, even in the presence of symmetry-breaking disorder. We also investigate how to harness the localization properties of the Creutz ladder---with two localized modes per domain wall---to choose the two states along the ladder that will be swapped during the transfer protocol, without disturbing the states located in the intermediate walls between them. This provides a 1D network with all-to-all connectivity that can be helpful for quantum information purposes.