bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Framework for Economic Development and Human Development in Mexico
Authors: Villalobos-López José Antonio
Published: July 2022

Economic growth is the increase in per capita income greater than the increase in the population rate, which is achieved on a permanent basis and which is closely linked to the increase in productivity. Economic development is the next step and is achieved when there is economic growth, which is achieved together with better and better living conditions for the population, in terms of food, education, health, housing, social and public security. According to the most recent information of the Human Development Index (HDI), published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP (2020), Mexico ranks 74th, below countries such as the United States (17); Spain (26); Chile (43); Argentina (46); Costa Rica, and above Peru, Colombia, Brazil and Ecuador in this indicator. Mexico City has an HDI equivalent to that of Greece, which is 32nd in the world. The territorial districts of Benito Juárez and Miguel Hidalgo, in Mexico City, have an HDI equivalent to that of Japan, which ranks 20th in the world.
Design and Implementation of Hybrid Harmonic Filter for Converter System
Authors: Parthasarathy S.
Published: July 2022

Quality of power is essential for all electrical systems towards their reliable operation. In specific voltage/current magnitude, frequency and waveforms are the key parameters that decide the quality of electric power supply. Recently enormous nonlinear loads such as converters, inverters, variable frequency drives, and uninterrupted power supply are used in all modern industrial sectors which leads to power quality disturbance in power systems In particular, harmonic distortion is one of the main power quality causes produced by nonlinear loads which will affect the reliable operation of industrial electrical equipment. Harmonic filters help to maintain the harmonic limits as per the IEEE 519-2014 standard. This research article overviews the various types of harmonic filters and the design procedure for the passive harmonic filter. Also, this research paper briefly converses the design and control technique procedure for the proposed hybrid harmonic filter, used to control the harmonic distortion produced by the three-phase converter system. The results of the experimental setup with the implementation of a hybrid harmonic filter clearly show that the harmonic distortion is greatly reduced. The high accuracy power quality analyzer used in this research work measures the real-time voltage/current waveforms, power/energy, and harmonic profiles.
Accommodative Gain in Presbyopic Eye Using a New Procedure of Laser Scleral Softening (LSS): Part-II. Formulas for Volume Efficacy
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To derive and provide, for the first time, comprehensive analytic formulas for scleral softening volume efficacy (SVE) for accommodative gain (AG) via the increased space between ciliary body and lens (SCL) and mobility of the posterior vitreous zonules (PVZ).

Study Design: To increase the AG of presbyopic eye by a new procedure, laser scleral softening (LSS).

Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between June 2022 and July 2022.

Methodology: The SVE is calculated based on the time and spatial integral of the scleral temperature profiles, T(z,t), solutions of a heat diffusion equation. Analytic formulas for SVE is derived based on the covered area given by a triangle area. The SVE of a 3-D model is governed by the "volume" covered by the laser beam, or its spot size area, the effective penetration depth (z"), which is an increasing function of laser dose, but a decreasing function of the absorption coefficient (A), due to the Beer's law of laser intensity, I(z)=I0exp(-Az). The efficacy depth-range (dZ) and time-ranges (dT) are defined for efficient softening with T(z,t)>T*, where T* is the scleral softening threshold temperature.

Results: The accommodative gain is proportional to the 3-D SVE given by: SEV(3D) = SEV(1D) x laser beam spot (2-D area) x total number of spots (N) acting on the sclera, which is proportional to the efficacy ranges dZ and dT, in which dZ is an increasing of laser irradiation time, whereas dT is a decreasing function of depth. Softening of the scleral tissue after a thermal laser leading to the increase of PVZ mobility and SCL. However, the actual relation of SVE and the PVZ and SCL changes require measured data.

Conclusion: Safety and efficacy of scleral softening for presbyopia treatment depend upon the laser parameters (intensity, dose, spot size, wavelength) and the effective depths. The SVE is proportional to the efficacy depth-range (dZ) and time-range (dT), in which dZ is an increasing of laser irradiation time and dT is a decreasing function of depth. The AG is proportional to the SVE(in 3-D).
DESIGUALDADES GLOBAIS: filiações teóricas e críticas radicais
Authors: Boatcă Manuela
Published: July 2022

Este artigo argumenta que a abordagem do sistema-mundo de Immanuel Wallerstein foi fundamental para revelar pontos cegos teóricos e metodológicos da Sociologia e para formular um quadro abrangente para o estudo das desigualdades globais. Ao fazê-lo, antecipou tanto a crítica ao eurocentrismo como ao nacionalismo metodológico, apresentada pelas abordagens transnacionais e pós-coloniais, e os debates sobre o aumento das desigualdades globais em várias décadas. Este artigo liga essa primazia analítica a vários fatores: à mudança metodológica da análise dos sistemas-mundo do Estado-nação para toda a economia-mundo capitalista como uma Sociologia global inicial; e à relação entre a mudança metodológica para a crítica epistemológica e seu papel na abordagem inicial de Wallerstein às desigualdades globais. Finalmente, abordo a relação entre a autodefinição da análise dos sistemas-mundo como forma de protesto contra a ciência social dominante (e não como uma teoria) e as filiações teóricas e políticas com abordagens pós-coloniais e decoloniais, para mostrar como elas contribuíram em conjunto para identificar as desigualdades globais como tema.
Kaiso phosphorylation at threonine 606 leads to its accumulation in the cytoplasm, reducing its transcriptional repression of the tumour suppressor CDH1
Authors: Tian Wei , Yuan Hongfan , Qin Sisi , Liu Wensu , Zhang Baozhen , Gu Liankun , Zhou Jing , Deng Dajun
Published: July 2022

It is well known that the Kaiso protein (encoded by the ZBTB33 gene) is a transcription factor, and Kaiso–P120ctn [P120 catenin (CTNND1)] interaction increases the translocation of Kaiso from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. However, the regulatory mechanisms of Kaiso compartmentalisation are far from clear. Here, we reported that RAC‐alpha serine/threonine‐protein kinase (AKT1) could phosphorylate threonine residue 606 (T606) within the RSSTIP motif of Kaiso in the cytoplasm. The T606‐phosphorylated Kaiso (pT606‐Kaiso) could directly bind to 14‐3‐3 family proteins, and depletion of T606 phosphorylation by T606A mutation abolished most of the Kaiso–14‐3‐3 binding. In addition, the Kaiso–P120ctn interaction was essential for pT606‐Kaiso accumulation in the cytoplasm. Notably, enforced stratifin (14‐3‐3σ; SFN) overexpression could increase pT606‐Kaiso accumulation in the cytoplasm and de‐repress the transcription of Kaiso target gene cadherin 1 (CDH1), which is a tumour suppressor. Decreased amounts of both pT606‐Kaiso and CDH1 proteins were frequently observed in human gastric cancer tissues compared to paired normal controls. The mRNA levels of 14‐3‐3σ and Kaiso target gene CDH1 showed highly significant positive correlations in both human normal tissues and cancer cell lines by bioinformatics analyses. Furthermore, Kaiso T606A mutant (unable to be phosphorylated) significantly increased the migration and invasion of cancer cells in vitro and promoted the growth of these cells in vivo. In conclusion, Kaiso could be phosphorylated at T606 by AKT1 and pT606‐Kaiso accumulates in the cytoplasm through binding to 14‐3‐3/P120ctn, which de‐represses the Kaiso target gene CDH1 in normal tissues. Decreased Kaiso phosphorylation might contribute to the development of gastrointestinal cancer. The status of Kaiso phosphorylation is a determinant factor for the role of Kaiso in the development of cancer.
An evaluation of quality assurance guidelines comparing the American College of Radiology and American Association of Physicists in Medicine task group 284 for magnetic resonance simulation
Authors: Buatti Jacob S. , Gallagher Kyle J. , Bailey Isaac , Griglock Thomas , Heard Malcolm
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate similarities and differences in quality assurance (QA) guidelines for a conventional diagnostic magnetic resonance (MR) system and a MR simulator (MR‐SIM) system used for radiotherapy.

Methods

In this study, we compared QA testing guidelines from the American College of Radiology (ACR) MR Quality Control (MR QC) Manual to the QA section of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 284 report (TG‐284). Differences and similarities were identified in testing scope, frequency, and tolerances. QA testing results from an ACR accredited clinical diagnostic MR system following ACR MR QC instructions were then evaluated using TG‐284 tolerances.

Results

Five tests from the ACR MR QC Manual were not included in TG‐284. Five new tests were identified for MR‐SIM systems in TG‐284 and pertained exclusively to the external laser positioning system of MR‐SIM systems. “Low‐contrast object detectability” (LCD), “table motion smoothness and accuracy,” “transmitter gain,” and “geometric accuracy” tests differed between the two QA guides. Tighter tolerances were required in TG‐284 for “table motion smoothness and accuracy” and “low contrast object detectability.” “Transmitter gain” tolerance was dependent on initial baseline measurements, and TG‐284 required that geometric accuracy be tested over a larger field of view than the ACR testing method. All tests from the ACR MR QC Manual for a conventional MR system passed ACR tolerances. The T2‐weighted image acquired with ACR sequences failed the 40‐spoke requirement from TG‐284, transmitter gain was at the 5% tolerance of TG‐284, and geometric accuracy could not be evaluated because of required equipment differences. Table motion passed both TG‐284 and ACR required tolerances.

Conclusion

Our study evaluated QA guidelines for an MR‐SIM and demonstrated the additional QA requirements of a clinical diagnostic MR system to be used as an MR‐SIM in radiotherapy as recommended by TG‐284.
Immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review/meta‐analysis
Authors: Gombolay Grace Y. , Dutt Monideep , Tyor William
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with MS (pwMS) varies by disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs). We perform a meta‐analysis and systematic review of immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in pwMS.

Methods

Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase from January 1, 2019‐December 31, 2021, excluding prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. The meta‐analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were applied. The data were pooled using a fixed‐effects model.

Results

Eight‐hundred sixty‐four healthy controls and 2203 pwMS from 31 studies were included. Antibodies were detected in 93% healthy controls (HCs), and 77% pwMS, with >93% responses in all DMTs (interferon‐beta, glatiramer acetate, cladribine, natalizumab, dimethyl fumarate, alemtuzumab, and teriflunomide) except for 72% sphingosine‐1‐phosphate modulators (S1PM) and 44% anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). T‐cell responses were detected in most anti‐CD20 and decreased in S1PM. Higher antibody response was observed in mRNA vaccines (99.7% HCs) versus non‐mRNA vaccines (HCs: 72% inactivated virus; pwMS: 86% vector, 59% inactivated virus). A multivariate logistic regression model to predict vaccine response demonstrated that mRNA versus non‐mRNA vaccines had a 3.4 odds ratio (OR) for developing immunity in anti‐CD20 (p = 0.0052) and 7.9 OR in pwMS on S1PM or CD20 mAbs (p < 0.0001). Antibody testing timing did not affect antibody detection.

Conclusion

Antibody responses are decreased in S1PM and anti‐CD20; however, cellular responses were positive in most anti‐CD20 with decreased T cell responses in S1PM. mRNA vaccines had increased seroconversion rates compared to non‐RNA vaccines. Further investigation in how DMTs affect vaccine immunity are needed.
Determination of Cyclic Load Limits for Plasma‐Sprayed Copper Tracks on Material Extrusion‐Based Printed Surfaces
Authors: Stiller Tanja , Hausberger Andreas , Berer Michael , Schwan Alexander M. , Hinterer Andreas , Spalt Sebastian , Pinter Gerald , Lackner Jürgen M.
Published: July 2022

Herein, copper particles are deposited on additively manufactured surfaces and investigations are performed to determine the mechanical properties and the impact of copper tracks on the surfaces. The basic investigation covers quasistatic tests, namely, tensile and three point bending, for three different printing orientations and two infill variations (+45°/−45° and 0°/90°), which shows no remarkable differences. In addition, a copper track is sprayed via atmospheric pressure plasma spraying (APPS) onto the polymeric samples and characterized regarding hardness and electric conductivity. Furthermore, a specific application for the copper track on the polymer substrate is recreated by a cyclic three point bending with a novel sample geometry (T‐shaped). The sprayed copper track has 60% of the hardness and 40% of the indentation modulus of bulk copper. Depending on the substrates’ topography, the electric conductivity varies from 7% to 18% of bulk copper. The lifetime of the copper track (i.e., conductivity) is strongly dependent on the deformation and the fracture of the polymer underneath. The underlying failure mechanism is triggered either by the topography of the polymer substrate or as a consequence of the damage in the copper track, leading to superficial cracks in the polymer surface.
Electrochemical Sensors Based on MoSx‐Functionalized Laser‐Induced Graphene for Real‐Time Monitoring of Phenazines Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zhou Keren , Kammarchedu Vinay , Butler Derrick , Soltan Khamsi Pouya , Ebrahimi Aida
Published: July 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections in blood and implanted devices. Traditional identification methods take more than 24 h to produce results. Molecular biology methods expedite detection, but require an advanced skill set. To address these challenges, this work demonstrates functionalization of laser‐induced graphene (LIG) for developing flexible electrochemical sensors for P. aeruginosa based on phenazines. Electrodeposition as a facile approach is used to functionalize LIG with molybdenum polysulfide (MoSx). The sensor's limit of detection (LOD), sensitivity, and specificity are determined in broth, agar, and wound simulating medium (WSM). Control experiments with Escherichia coli, which does not produce phenazines, demonstrate specificity of sensors for P. aeruginosa. The LOD for pyocyanin (PYO) and phenazine‐1‐carboxylic acid (PCA) is 0.19 × 10−6  and 1.2 × 10−6 m, respectively. Furthermore, the highly stable sensors enable real‐time monitoring of P. aeruginosa biofilms over several days. Comparing square wave voltammetry data over time shows time‐dependent generation of phenazines. In particular, two configurations—“Normal” and “Flipped”—are studied, showing that the phenazines time dynamics vary depending on how cells interact with sensors. The reported results demonstrate the potential of the developed sensors for integration with wound dressings for early diagnosis of P. aeruginosa infection.
Self‐Powered Wearable Piezoelectric Monitoring of Human Motion and Physiological Signals for the Postpandemic Era: A Review
Authors: Wang Yinli , Yu Yaonan , Wei Xueyong , Narita Fumio
Published: July 2022

As society advances, the shift from passive medical care to health management and preventive medical care has become an important issue, with the realization of wearable monitors becoming desirable. In light of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the number of patients who are in urgent need of the monitoring of biological information is increasing. This review focuses on piezoelectric materials and composites that convert kinetic energy into electrical energy to realize self‐powered wearable monitoring sensors, outlining the recent research activity on sensors for use in healthcare monitoring. First, a general description of the principles of piezoelectric monitoring sensors is given. Next, the development status of piezoelectric materials and composites aimed at the application of detecting tiny motions of the human body is introduced, and then the research trends on the detection of larger human body movements are highlighted. Finally, after presenting the performance of current piezoelectric sensors and future research guidelines for developing multifunctional systems in the post COVID‐19 era, the achievements are summarized. Overall, this review will provide guidance to researchers who are seeking to design and develop highly sensitive self‐powered piezoelectric sensors that monitor human motion and physiological signals.
A Neuromorphic Electrothermal Processor for Near‐Sensor Computing
Authors: Shirmohammadli Vahideh , Bahreyni Behraad
Published: July 2022

The statistical processing of sensor data using conventional digital computers is inefficient in terms of time, energy usage, and communication bandwidth, among others. Therefore, new approaches are sought to create context and make sense of the sensor data using special‐purpose computers that excel in specific computation tasks. Herein, the requirements for physical systems to perform sophisticated nonlinear computations needed for real‐time pattern recognition in data, specifically sensor data, are discussed. The focus is on physical reservoir computing as a neuromorphic computing approach. Considering energy flow as the coupling mechanism between nonlinear dynamic systems, it is demonstrated that many physical systems satisfy the basic requirements for building reservoir computers. Using physical reservoir computers brings up exciting opportunities for near‐ or in‐sensor computing as to how new data are collected and processed. The concepts are demonstrated through a novel physical computation platform, where off‐the‐shelf, temperature‐sensitive resistors are used to perform various standard and specific computational tasks. This platform is used as a near‐sensor processor to detect particular events. How a similar platform may be used for in‐sensor neuromorphic computations is further discussed.
Ultraviolet‐Sensitive OLED with Tunable Wavelength and Intensity by Integrated ZnO Nanowires Schottky Junction
Authors: Zhao Wei , Bi Sheng , Chen Lu‐hua , Asare‐Yeboah Kyeiwaa , Song Jin‐hui
Published: July 2022

Organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays are one of the dominant flat panel display technologies. Here, a novel ultraviolet (UV)‐sensitive OLED (USO) is reported, which emits visible light with adjustable wavelength and brightness according to the intensity of the incident UV light. The USO employs zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) with Schottky junctions to control current and engages exciplex‐emitting OLED to emit light according to the incident UV light. As the UV light intensity increases from 0.09 to 8.15 mW cm−2, USO emits light with a peak wavelength that ranges from 595 to 525 nm, a color coordinate from (0.458, 0.485) to (0.339, 0.555), and a light intensity that is anywhere from 97 to 6915 cd m−2. The USO has a fast photoresponse characteristic due to the effect of the Schottky barrier introduced by the close contact of the ZnO NWs and gold electrodes. The luminescence color of the USO changes from dark orange to harsh green because of the exciplexes’ different formation ratios under differing UV intensities. As a result of the USO taking advantage of the Schottky barrier and exciplex, the realization of many innovative applications in optoelectronic devices is possible.
PDMS‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Submillimeter All‐Inorganic Halide Perovskite Microcrystals for High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Lai Zhengxun , Meng You , Wang Fei , Bu Xiuming , Chen Dong , Xie Pengshan , Wang Weijun , Li Dengji , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Wei , Liu Chuntai , Yip SenPo , Ho Johnny C.
Published: July 2022

All‐inorganic halide perovskites (AIHPs) are promising photovoltaic materials that have been extensively studied in the last decade. In addition, lead‐free AIHPs are preferred because of their non‐toxic and environmentally friendly nature. However, the quality of AIHPs fabricated by conventional solution processing methods is usually unsatisfactory, which leads to poor photoelectric performance. Herein, a facile polydimethylsiloxane‐assisted slow evaporation method that can be readily used to synthesize high‐quality AIHP microcrystals (MCs) (CsPbBr3, Cs2AgBiBr6, and L‐Cs3Sb2I9) is demonstrated. The photodetection properties of the synthesized AIHP MCs and their spin‐coated thin‐film counterparts are thoroughly studied and compared. Owing to their superior crystallinity, AIHP MCs show better photoelectric performance than spin‐coated films. The responsivity of the CsPbBr3microcrystal photodetectors is ≈590 000 mA W−1. This work proposes a universal solution‐processing method for the successful fabrication of high‐quality all‐inorganic lead‐based (CsPbBr3), lead‐free (L‐Cs3Sb2I9), and double (Cs2AgBiBr6) perovskites, which can overcome the bottleneck in the development of halide perovskites and promote their applications.
Tailoring the Highly Efficient Upconversion Luminescence of All‐Inorganic Er3+‐Based Halide Double Perovskites by Introducing Various Energy Trapping Centers
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Dang Peipei , Lian Hongzhou , Huang Shanshan , Yang Wei , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun
Published: July 2022

Rare‐earth ions doped halide double perovskites are considered as promising luminescent materials. However, the contradiction of fluorescence quenching at high concentrations and the lack of sufficient upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) emitters remain a significant challenge. Here, a lead‐free Er3+‐based halide double perovskite Cs2NaErCl6 is reported, which exhibits bright orange and green UCPL emission under 980 and 808 nm laser excitation, respectively. Subsequently, the UCPL emission intensity is greatly enhanced and the emission color is tunable by introducing different energy trapping centers. Importantly, under 980 nm laser excitation, the facilely prepared Yb3+‐ and Tm3+‐doped Cs2NaErCl6 perovskites exhibit remarkably efficient multicolor upconverting emission, which is comparable to or even outperformes the commercial UCPL phosphor prepared by the high‐temperature solid‐state method. Meanwhile, the UCPL mechanisms involved in the energy transfer upconversion and excited‐state absorption are also explored, which can promote a better understanding of the UCPL processes. Moreover, these efficient multimode luminescence features show great potential in anticounterfeiting applications.
Synergetic Regulation of Oriented Crystallization and Interfacial Passivation Enables 19.1% Efficient Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Yue , Liu Rui , Liu Chang , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Yu Hua , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: July 2022

Wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from severe voltage loss, which significantly limits the enhancement of photovoltaic performance. Here, 4‐fluoro‐phenylethylammonium iodide (FPEAI) is used as a dual‐functional agent for oriented crystallization and comprehensive passivation of WBG PSCs. The additive of FPEAI promotes crystals to grow along with the (100) orientation with improved crystallinity and to spontaneously form Ruddlesden–Popper 2D perovskite on the grain boundary and surface of 3D crystals, which can passivate defects and protect the perovskite film from moisture erosion as well as suppressed ion migration. In addition, the 2D/3D heterostructure induces a matched energy‐level alignment, which mitigates the detrimental interfacial charge recombination at the interface of the 3D perovskite and hole transport layer. Consequently, the modified WBG PSCs exhibit an improved open‐circuit voltage to 1.3 V and a fill factor of 77.8%, leading to a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.1% with negligible hysteresis. Furthermore, the WBG PSCs maintain 85% of the original efficiency after 1000 h in air, demonstrating outstanding humidity stability. This work indicates that FPEAI can be used as a dual‐functional agent to significantly enhance the efficiency of WBG PSCs.
Optically and Mechanically Engineered Anti‐Reflective Film for Highly Efficient Rigid and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Choi Ji Seong , Jang Yeoun‐Woo , Kim Unsoo , Choi Mansoo , Kang Seong Min
Published: July 2022

Sticker‐type anti‐reflective (AR) film is a powerful route to achieve the highest efficiency and commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by improving the light transition efficiency (LTE). However, conventionally used AR film has high flexural rigidity owing to its limitation of material and thickness, thereby hindering its application to high‐efficiency flexible devices. This paper proposes a sticker‐type ultra‐thin perfluoropolyether (PFPE) AR film (SUPA) made of PFPE (n = 1.34) that is fabricated through a well‐designed two‐step peeling propagation method. The proposed SUPA demonstrates superior properties in terms of LTE (≈98.3%) and film thickness (≈20 µm), exhibiting the best performance among the existing AR films for PSCs. The SUPA‐assisted rigid and flexible PSC guarantees high short‐circuit current density (rigid ≈26.63 mA cm−2, flexible ≈23.05 mA cm−2) and power conversion efficiency (rigid ≈24.31%, flexible ≈20.05%). The SUPA sustains over 97.5% of its initial transmittance under exposure to the light (168 h) and damp heat condition (1000 h), and devices with SUPA show remarkable flexibility maintaining their initial efficiency after 10 000 cycles of a bending test (2 mm radius).
Heuristic Design of Cathode Hybrid Coating for Power‐Limited Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liang Yuhao , Liu Hong , Wang Guoxu , Wang Chao , Li Dabing , Ni Yu , Fan Li‐Zhen
Published: July 2022

Engineered cathode active materials are critical for the cycling stability and power capability of sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSBs), yet it is challenging to construct uniform coverage via a scalable approach. In addition, the implication of dielectric coatings for electronic migration blocking in the composite cathode is neglected habitually. A heuristic “polymer‐patched inorganic” cathode coating strategy is presented herein. Single‐crystalline LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (SNCM) particles are uniformly coated with a hybrid layer comprising nanoscale Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP) and cyclized polyacrylonitrile (cPAN), via a scalable solution‐based method. The LATP coating ensures rapid Li+ transfer across the interface and offers high oxidation tolerance. cPAN partially‐submerges and patches the imperfections of the LATP coating layer, producing a high‐quality protective coating without compromising electronic transfer. Accordingly, sulfide‐based ASSBs employing the hybrid‐modified SNCM cathode demonstrate competitive electrochemical performance in terms of capacity retention (72.7% over 500 cycles, at 0.5 C), and rate capability (87.3 mAh g−1 at 2 C, 5 times that of the pristine SNCM). Significant improvements are attributed to the homogeneity and functionality of the coating, which mitigates parasitic reactions at the interface while simultaneously preserving indispensable electronic percolation. This work offers a brand‐new cathode coating protocol for sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state to achieve longevity and good power.
Evaluation of the use of polyethylene mulches in the production of organic flue‐cured tobacco
Authors: Machanoff Cordelia A. , Vann Matthew Christopher , Woodley Alex L. , Suchoff David
Published: July 2022

Weed and insect pest management in organic flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is challenging due to lack of effective and affordable approved control options. Polyethylene plastic mulches are used in vegetable and berry production to manage in‐row weed populations, buffer soil temperatures, limit rain‐induced soil loss, and maintain soil moisture. Mulch color can affect plant growth, soil temperature, and insect pest populations in vegetable crops. Field trials were conducted in Kinston, NC, in 2019 and 2020 and Whiteville, NC, in 2020. Red, white, black, and silver polyethylene mulch (with drip irrigation) and bare ground with and without drip irrigation were compared to evaluate effects on tobacco yield, quality, and pests. Tobacco yields were elevated by at least 290% in mulch treatments compared with bare ground with irrigation in 2020 (p < .05), but did not differ in 2019 due to precipitation and temperature differences that conveyed an increased benefit in 2020. Opaque mulches successfully suppressed weed emergence. Fewer aphids were present in highly reflective silver mulch than all other treatments with irrigation in both years. Black and red mulch warmed soils while silver cooled them, affecting nitrogen mineralization rates. Higher levels of plant available nitrogen were maintained in mulch treatments, but tobacco nitrate levels and overall quality were not affected. These results are consistent with plasticulture research in other crops. The factors that make plasticulture well suited to intensively managed, high value crop production may benefit organic flue‐cured tobacco production especially when grown in rotation with other intensively managed crops.
Sexual stature difference fluctuations in pre‐ andpost‐BlackDeath London as an indicator of living standards
Authors: Brennan Emily J. , DeWitte Sharon N.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The degree of sexual stature difference (SSD), the ratio of male to female height, is argued to be an indicator of living standards based on evidence that physical growth for males is more sensitive to environmental fluctuations. In a resource‐poor environment, the degree of SSD is expected to be relatively low. The aim of this study is to comparatively assess SSD in medieval London in the context of repeated famine events and other environmental stressors before the Black Death (BD) and the improved living conditions that characterized the post‐Black Death period.

Methods

To test the hypothesis that a poor nutritional environment resulted in decreased SSD in medieval London, this study compares adult individuals from early pre‐Black Death (c.1000–1200), late pre‐Black Death (c.1200–1250) and post‐Black Death (c.1350–1540) cemetery contexts from London. Maximum tibial,femoral, and lower limb lengths were used as a proxy for stature, and SSD was calculated using the Chakraborty and Majumber index.

Results

Compared to the late pre‐BD period, we find a slighter higher degree of SSD in the post‐BD period for all three stature proxies used. This increase is attributed to more exaggerated increases in stature for estimated males post‐BD.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the importance of examining variables that are considered indicators of living standards in light of factors like selective mortality, catch‐up growth, and urban migration patterns. Future research needs to further investigate how cultural and biological processes influence the mechanisms that produce adult stature.
A Zeolitic Octahedral Metal Oxide with Ultra‐Microporosity for Inverse CO2/C2H2Separation at High Temperature and Humidity
Authors: Ma Baokai , Li Denan , Zhu Qianqian , Li Yanshuo , Ueda Wataru , Zhang Zhenxin
Published: July 2022

Separation of CO2/C2H2to obtain pure C2H2presents a challenge for the chemical industry. CO2‐selective adsorbents are favored because of the convenient separation process. However, there are only a few CO2‐selective adsorbents that can effectively isolate CO2from CO2/C2H2, and there is almost no research on CO2/C2H2separation under harsh conditions, such as with high temperatures and humidities. Herein, a zeolitic octahedral metal oxide based on ϵ‐Keggin polyoxometalates is utilized for separations of CO2/C2H2at high temperatures and humidities. Single gas adsorption measurements show that the material only adsorbs CO2with almost no C2H2taken up. Dynamic competitive adsorption experiments show that the material efficiently separates CO2/C2H2, and highly pure C2H2is obtained directly. The robust material maintains a high separation performance at 333 K with 18.12 % water. The high stability of the material enables reuse without loss of separation performance.
Discrete Macrocycles with Fixed Chirality and Two Distinct Sides: Dipole‐Dependent Chiroptical Response
Authors: Kato Kenichi , Kurakake Yuta , Ohtani Shunsuke , Fa Shixin , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Ogoshi Tomoki
Published: July 2022

Control of symmetry is fundamental in molecular design with aimed properties. Herein we report a set of chiroptical C5‐symmetric molecules with variable dipolar structures based on a rim‐differentiated cylindrical macrocycle, pillar[5]arene. Incorporation of electron‐withdrawing ester groups formed an explicit two‐sided structure, leading to increase in response wavelength and luminescence efficiency. On the other hand, chiroptical measurement of separated enantiomers revealed that such a dipolar character diminished dissymmetry of the electronic transitions. By suppressing the dipole, the dissymmetry factor for luminescence was enhanced from 0.4×10−3 to 5.1×10−3 in a less dipolar methoxy‐substituted molecule, which was larger than reported pillar[5]arene derivatives without C5‐symmetry around one order of magnitude.
Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines
Authors: Mondal Anirban , Toyoda Ryojun , Costil Romain , Feringa Ben L.
Published: July 2022

Molecular machines are at the frontier of biology and chemistry. The ability to control molecular motion and emulating the movement of biological systems are major steps towards the development of responsive and adaptive materials. Amazing progress has been seen for the design of molecular machines including light‐induced unidirectional rotation of overcrowded alkenes. However, the feasibility of inducing unidirectional rotation about a single bond as a result of chemical conversion has been a challenging task. In this Review, an overview of approaches towards the design, synthesis, and dynamic properties of different classes of atropisomers which can undergo controlled switching or rotation under the influence of a chemical stimulus is presented. They are categorized as molecular switches, rotors, motors, and autonomous motors according to their type of response. Furthermore, we provide a future perspective and challenges focusing on building sophisticated molecular machines.
Investigating the spectral and electrochemical properties of novel flavin‐pyrene dyads separated via variable spacer
Authors: Mouli M. S. S. Vinod , Agrawal Harsha Gopal , Maddeshiya Tarkeshwar , Tamrakar Arpna , Tripathy Soumya Ranjan , Pandey Mrituanjay D. , Mishra Ashutosh Kumar
Published: July 2022

The present manuscript describes the synthesis and the photophysical properties of a pair of novel flavin‐pyrene dyads where the donor and the acceptor entities are separated via variable spacer. The dyads were well characterized using standard techniques and investigated for their photophysical and electrochemical nature. The observed absorption spectra of the dyads mainly display peaks corresponding to the individual pyrene and flavin units, with some contribution from the flavin entity in the pyrene region. While, strong emission quenching was observed for both the dyads if compared to its individual constituents. However, a careful analysis of the emission spectra and the solvent dependent studies reveals subtle difference between the two dyads. While no significant difference could be observed when excited in the flavin region; excitation at the pyrene region displays a weak and broad emission band in case of closely connected dyad. Further, the electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and the reduction ability was observed to follow the trend as FlPy2 < FlPy1 < Fl.
Suffruticosol A elevates osteoblast differentiation targeting BMP2‐Smad/1/5/8‐RUNX2 in pre‐osteoblasts
Authors: Yun Hyung‐Mun , Kim Bomi , Jeong Yun Hee , Hong Jin Tae , Park Kyung‐Ran
Published: July 2022

The Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR. (P. suffruticosa) is commonly used in traditional medicine for various purposes. Suffruticosol A (Suf‐A), isolated from P. suffruticosa, is a beneficial compound with antibiofilm, antivirulence, and anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological effects of Suf‐A on osteogenic processes in pre‐osteoblasts. It was determined here in that Suf‐A (>98.02%), isolated from P. suffruticosa, showed no cytotoxicity at 0.1–30 μM; however, it induced cytotoxicity at 50–100 μM in pre‐osteoblasts. Suf‐A increased osteogenic alkaline phosphatase activity and expression levels of noncollagenous proteins. Adhesion and trans‐migration on the extracellular matrix were potentiated by Suf‐A, but not by wound‐healing migration. Suf‐A did not affect autophagy or necroptosis during osteoblast differentiation. We found that Suf‐A increased runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) levels and mineralized matrix formation. RUNX2 expression was mediated by Suf‐A‐induced BMP2‐Smad1/5/8 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling, as demonstrated by Noggin, a BMP2 inhibitor. These results suggest that Suf‐A is a potential natural osteogenic compound.
Integrating biodiversity into financial decision‐making: Challenges and four principles
Authors: Nedopil Christoph
Published: July 2022

Many financing decisions continue to exacerbate global biodiversity loss, despite a growing understanding of the economic and financial risks of biodiversity loss. Applying Coase's financial decision‐making theory based on cost, revenues, and risks, the article analyzes literature and current developments of biodiversity finance and green finance to evaluate why financial decision‐making is incentivized to ignore biodiversity risks and mostly fails to maximize biodiversity conservation or nature‐positive finance. Based on the identified gaps, the article develops four principles to integrate biodiversity into financial decision‐making: (1) regulation must set limits on nature's exploitation, as finance only values limited aspects of nature as “bankable,” while the destruction of other parts are without negative or positive value to the investor; (2) biodiversity‐related financial risk evaluation needs focus on local risks due to the local nature of biodiversity impacts and dependencies (in comparison, e.g., to climate finance's global risks); (3) scale biodiversity finance utilizing its secondary benefits, particularly in conjunction with climate finance; (4) biodiversity finance development needs to be co‐led and championed by financial decision‐makers.

This article contributes to the emerging literature on biodiversity finance and green finance for sustainable development with implications for policy makers and standard setters.
Financial burden among cancer patients: A national‐level perspective
Authors: Mudaranthakam Dinesh Pal , Wick Jo , Calhoun Elizabeth , Gurley Tami
Published: July 2022

Background

This research study aimed to evaluate the financial burden among older cancer patients and its corresponding risk factors. Factors such as increasing treatment costs and work limitations often lead cancer patients to bankruptcy and poor quality of life. These consequences, in turn, can cause higher mortality rates among these patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Health Retirement Study (HRS), conducted by the University of Michigan (N = 18,109). Eligible participants had responses captured from years 2002 to 2016. Participants were classified according to any self‐reported cancer diagnosis (yes or no) and were compared on the basis of financial, work, and health‐related outcomes. Propensity score (PS) matching was applied to reduce the effects of potential confounding factors. Also only, individuals with an age ≥50 and ≤85 during Wave 6 were retained.

Results

Multivariate analysis with random effects revealed several indicators of financial burden when comparing participants with a cancer diagnosis to those with no history of cancer. Mean out‐of‐pocket costs associated with a cancer diagnosis were $1058 higher when compared to participants with no history of cancer, suggesting that even cancer patients with insurance coverage faced out‐of‐pocket costs. Respondents with cancer patients had higher odds of encountering financial hardship if they are facing Work Limitations (OR = 2.714), Regular use of Medications (OR = 2.518), Hospital Stays (OR = 2.858), Declining Health (OR = 2.349), or were being covered under government health insurance (OR = 5.803) than respondents who did not have cancer, or suffered from mental health issues such as Depression (OR = 0.901).

Conclusion

Cancer patients contend with increasing financial costs during their treatment. However, most newly diagnosed patients are not aware of these costs and are given few resources to handle them.
Wheat grain proteins: Past, present, and future
Authors: Shewry Peter
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Research on wheat grain proteins is reviewed, including achievements over the past century and priorities for future research. The focus is on three groups of proteins that have major impacts on wheat quality and utilization: the gluten proteins which determine dough viscoelasticity but also trigger celiac disease in susceptible individuals, the puroindolines which are major determinants of grain texture and the amylase/trypsin inhibitors which are food and respiratory allergens and are implicated in triggering celiac disease and nonceliac wheat sensitivity.

Findings

Although earlier work focused on protein structure and properties, the development of genomics and high‐sensitivity proteomics has resulted in the availability of a vast amount of information on the amino acid sequences of individual wheat proteins, including allelic variants of gluten proteins which are associated with good processing quality and of puroindolines, which are associated with a hard or soft grain texture, and on protein expression and polymorphism.

Conclusions

However, our ability to exploit this knowledge is limited by a lack of detailed understanding of the structure:function relationships of wheat proteins. In particular, we need to understand how the three‐dimensional structures of the individual proteins determine their interactions with other grain components (to determine functional properties) and with the immune systems of susceptible consumers (to trigger adverse responses), how these interactions are affected by allelic variation, and how they can be manipulated.

Significance and Novelty

The article, therefore, identifies priorities for future research which should enable the adoption of a more rational approach to improving the quality of wheat grain proteins.
Prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition and cellular antioxidant activities of a corn gluten meal hydrolysate
Authors: Chanajon Phiromya , Noisa Parinya , Yongsawatdigul Jirawat
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Neurocognitive disorders are characterized by various symptoms caused by increased oxidative stress and nerve cell inflammation in the central nervous system. Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is one of the potential causes of neurocognitive disorder. To evaluate the potential of corn gluten meal, a byproduct of corn starch processing, as a nutraceutical ingredient, we developed a corn gluten meal hydrolysate (CGM‐H) with POP inhibitory activity and investigated its cellular antioxidant capacity.

Finding

CGM‐H was prepared using 1% pepsin; its in vitro digesta exhibited POP inhibitory, ABTS radical scavenging, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. The activities of the former three assays decreased after in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. CGM‐H exhibited a higher protective ability against hydrogen peroxide than its digested counterparts. Additionally, CGM‐H and CGM‐H digesta reduced oxidative stress in SH‐SY5Y cells by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulating CAT expression.

Conclusion

CGM‐H's POP inhibitory, antioxidant, and ROS scavenging activities in SH‐SY5Y cells suggest that it has potential as a raw material for manufacturing nutraceutical products.

Significance and Novelty

To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report CGM‐H's POP inhibitory and cellular antioxidant activities in SH‐SY5Y cells. Furthermore, in vitro GI digestion modifies CGM‐H bioactivity.
Delayed‐onset heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia complicated with saddle embolus
Authors: Naji Faezeh Sadat , Shafie Mahan , Issaiy Mahbod , Zarei Jalalabadi Narjes , Parsa Samaneh
Published: July 2022

Delayed‐onset heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia is a rare complication of heparin in which thrombocytopenia and thrombosis occur several days after heparin cessation. We describe a 47‐year‐old female patient with a history of melanoma and multiple surgeries presented to the emergency department with acute dyspnea and chest pain on the eighth day after discharge.
Insight into the Camel‐to‐Bell Transition of Differential Capacitance in Ionic Liquid‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Gan Zhongdong , Wang Yanlei , Lu Yumiao , Qin Jingyu , Nie Yi , He Hongyan
Published: July 2022

Understanding ionic liquid (IL)‐electrode interface is of great significance to the design of electrochemical systems. Herein, the electrical double layer (EDL) structure and charging process of the supercapacitor with ILs were investigated by engineering the cation‐anion and IL‐electrode interaction through molecular dynamics simulations coupled with the constant potential method. A camel‐to‐bell shape transition of differential capacitance was identified when the cation‐anion or IL‐electrode interaction decreased, manifesting the sensitive responses of EDL structure and charging mechanism to the varying interactions. Moreover, the identified camel‐to‐bell transition could lead to the rise of differential capacitance and energy density in the low working voltage. These findings can help guide the molecular design for high‐performance IL‐based supercapacitors and other electrochemical devices where the IL‐electrode interfaces are crucial.
Water use and management practices on U.S. golf courses
Authors: Shaddox Travis W. , Unruh J. Bryan , Johnson Mark E. , Brown Clark D. , Stacey Greg
Published: July 2022

Measuring water use on U.S. golf courses is an essential component of measuring best management practice adoption. To provide timely and meaningful education regarding current water use, continued measurement of golf course water use is necessary. The objective of this study was to assess the current water use and related management practices on U.S. golf courses in 2020. A survey was developed and distributed electronically to 14,145 U.S. golf courses with 11% responding. Since the initial survey conducted in 2005, water applied as irrigation to U.S. golf courses declined by 29% from 2.38 to 1.69 million acre‐ft. Factors contributing to this decline include a 12% reduction in golf facilities and a 25% reduction in water applied per acre since 2005. Reductions in water applied per acre were also measured in most regions except in the Southwest region, where an increase in water applied per acre was reported, which was probably a result of the increased stress the turfgrass may have experienced under the reduced precipitation and increased heat in the Southwest region. The responses indicate that golf course superintendents continue to use management practices associated with efficient water use. The use of technologies such as handheld moisture meters and drought‐tolerant turfgrass has increased since 2013, indicating that golf superintendents are receptive to using both new and traditional technologies to reduce water use.