bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scratching the Surface: Using Informatics in Education
Authors: Belnap Jessica
Published: June 2017

The health care system continues to evolve and develop new ways to provide for quality patient care. Many new platforms are being integrated into the current system, or will be implemented within the next few years, that will grossly change the way health care is performed and delivered. New data will emerge from these various avenues (i.e., computerized physician order entry, electronic health record [EHR], national health care) and provide a wealth of insights into pathological and epidemiological processes. Consequently, health care workers will need to be proficient in using these various platforms. Nursing educators must therefore have a strong understanding of the emerging technologies and be able to implement the use of research and EHRs as well as provide students with updated information on diseases and appropriate interventions. Data analytics will provide educators the necessary tools to teach nursing students the most current evidence-based practice. Transparency between all health care arenas will enable new information to be relayed quickly and appropriately.
Providing Individualized Care to Adolescent Patients With Elevated Body Mass Indexes
Authors: Griffin Valerie
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this project was to develop a comprehensive, Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire encompassing adolescent eating habits. A Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire was developed and administered to a convenience sample of 15 patient participants. Four pediatric provider participants reviewed the questionnaire with the adolescents and documented accordingly. A chart comparison was completed to ascertain any differences in charting pre- and postimplementation. The providers participated in a focus group and responded to questions surrounding implementation of the questionnaire. Use of a comprehensive Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire can aid the pediatric provider in developing a patient-centered management plan.
Evaluating an Outpatient Diabetes Program Telephone Follow-Up Process on Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels
Authors: Niemczewski Joan , Polivka Barbara , Clark Paul
Published: June 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if increased frequency of telephone contact immediately following diabetes self-management education (DSME) impacts improvements in A1C levels versus routine telephone follow-up. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design consisting of a control group (n = 30) who received routine follow-up (1 telephone call 4–6 weeks after DSME class completion) and an intervention group (n = 26) who received an average of 5 telephone calls over a 3-month period following DSME. Participants were obtained from an outpatient diabetes education program assoctiated with a large urban health care system. Results: Most participants were female, White, with the average age of 57.2 years (SD = 14.1). Preintervention A1C levels ranged from 6.5% to 14.3%, whereas postintervention A1C levels ranged from 5.2% to 13.6%. There was significant improvement in A1C levels for both the intervention and the control groups. However, no statistically significant difference in A1C change scores was found between the groups. Sixty percent of the control group participants had post-A1C levels below 7% compared to 54% of the intervention group. Increased telephone contact was associated with A1C reductions, although this relationship was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that A1C reductions can occur with either frequency of telephone follow-up. The diabetes educator should evaluate the telephone follow-up needs of each DSME participant to support his or her diabetes self-management success.
Perfil industrial de Minas Gerais e a hipótese de desindustrialização estadual
Authors: Veríssimo Michele Polline , Araújo Sávio de Carvalho
Published: June 2017

Este artigo analisa o perfil industrial de Minas Gerais nos anos 2000, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho da indústria de transformação no estado conforme a hipótese de desindustrialização. Verifica-se que a indústria de transformação perdeu peso relativo no produto estadual e apresentou deterioração em seu conteúdo tecnológico, ao passo que houve avanço da participação da indústria extrativa, na qual o estado possui vantagens comparativas. A análise de cointegração e a estimação de Modelos de Vetores de Correção de Erros sugerem algum indício de desindustrialização em Minas Gerais, manifesto na importância de uma taxa de câmbio real depreciada para estimular a produção industrial de transformação do estado no longo prazo.
Dimensões da capacidade de absorção, qualificação da mão de obra, P&D e desempenho inovativo
Authors: Teixeira André Luiz da Silva , Rosa Andréia da Cunha , Ruffoni Janaina , Rapini Márcia Siqueira
Published: June 2017

O objetivo do artigo é compreender a relação entre capacidade de absorção da empresa (CA), qualificação da mão de obra, P&D interno e o desempenho inovativo de empresas que interagem com universidades. Para tanto, foram utilizadas informações coletadas em um survey com empresas localizadas no Rio Grande do Sul que interagiram com universidades, de acordo com o Censo 2010 do Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq. Por meio do método de componentes principais categóricos, foi possível inferir as dimensões da CA e relacioná-las ao desempenho inovativo da empresa, à atividade interna de P&D e à qualificação da mão de obra. Os principais resultados são: o P&D não deve ser tratado como sinônimo de CA; mão de obra mais qualificada (pós-graduados) está relacionada a uma maior CA potencial e realizada; o predomínio de técnicos associa-se a uma maior CA realizada; empresas com maior CA são mais inovadoras.
Lloyd Davis e Robert Patman - Science Diplomacy: new day or false dawn?
Authors: Reis Danilo
Published: June 2017

A implementação de projetos de cooperação internacional em ciência, tecnologia e inovação tem sido ampliada desde o fim da Segunda Guerra. Em estudos sobre relações internacionais, fenômenos dessa natureza são tradicionalmente analisados no âmbito da Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (CID), especialmente sob a designação de Cooperação Técnica (CT). Nesse sentido, a colaboração científica entre atores internacionais é investigada sob a ótica da relevância desses projetos para o aprimoramento econômico e a consequente melhoria do bem-estar social das sociedades envolvidas.
Taper Technology in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Lum Zachary C. , Coury John G. , Cohen Jonathan
Published: June 2017

* The taper junction comprises a male trunnion and female bore at specific taper angles, which join together in an interference cold weld fit.

* Studies have suggested that an impaction force of 4,000 N provides sufficient interference fit on modern taper designs.

* Factors that may correlate with corrosion are mixed-alloy components, insufficient taper assembly force, a wet taper when assembling, lower flexural rigidity, and previous taper damage. Inconclusive factors are head length, head size, trunnion neck length, lateral offset, taper angle and design, contact area, and percent of taper contact.

* A ceramic femoral head may reduce taper corrosion.

* Researchers are investigating newer technologies and coatings to decrease taper corrosion.
A comparative study to determine the native eye lens protein in the some types of Iraqi vertebrates
Authors: Gali Mohammed A. , Abid Shaimaa A. , Hamad Raghad A. , Ali Zainab A.
Published: June 2017

This study showed that the lens in baloot muluki fish Chondrostoma regium is transparent, spherical shape, and solid in textures, while in the tree frog Hyla arborea savignyi, freshwater turtles Clemmys caspia caspia, white–eared bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis and brown rat Rattus norvegicus are transparent, soft and biconvex, it is very soft in white–eared bulbul. There are many significant differences have been recorded between the average weight lens and the total concentration of the protein in the lens all studied animals. Electrical migration process for lens proteins showed that there is one bundle of crystalline –? and one bundle also crystalline–? in all studied species, either crystalline–? may represent one bundle characterized the lens proteins in baloot muluki fish, tree frog, freshwater turtles, and brown rat, while one bundle from crystalline–? appeared in lens proteins of the white – eared bulbul.
Estimating of Fatty Acids, Tcopherols, Tocotrienols, Total Carotens, Study The Physiochemical Properties And Unsaponifiable Matters Extraction From Crude Red Palm Oil(1)
Authors: Zangana Prof.Dr. B. S. R. , Al-Bahadly K. O. Jasim
Published: June 2017

The percentage of fatty acids, quantity of tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotens and physiochemical characteristics of crude red palm oil have been evaluated, in addition to specific chemical detection of active compounds unsaponifiable matters. Results of Gas Liquid Chromatography showed:-
The major fatty acids in red palm oil is palmitic (44.36%) then oleic (39.65%), linolenic (10.55%), stearic (3.56%), myristic (1.22%), arachdonic (0.24%) and palmotic (0.19%). Red palm oil contains ? – ?- ?- ? – Tocopherols with concentration 258 , 121 , 259, 109 m/kg oil , ? – ?- ?- ? – Tocotrienol with concentration 462.77 , 571.03, 619.18, 509.07 m/kg oil respectively. Total tocopherols & tocotrienols 2909.05 m/kg oil and 893.63 m/kg oil carotens. Results of physiochemical characteristics revealed that crude red palm oil contains 0.80 ± 0.13% moisture , 58.81 ± 0.24 iodin nomber, 210 ± 1.35 saponifid number, 0.417 pv, 0.7% unsaponifiable matters, 1.4684 refraction index. Specific chemical detection indicated that unsaponifiable matters contains phenols, flavonoids and sterols.
The Effect of Variety and Gibberellic acid and Brassinolide and their Interaction on Some of The Chemical Characteristics and Total chlorophyll of the plant Dill Anethum graveolens L.
Authors: Al-shimary Assist. Prof. Dr. Mahir Z. Faysal , Al-jboury Assist. Lecturer Wael SH. Hameed
Published: June 2017

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of variety and gibberellic acid in concentration (0 and 50)mg.lat-1 and BL in five concentration (0, 0.50 ,1 ,2 and 3)mg.ltr-1 and their interaction in some chemical Characteristics and total chlorophyll for Dill plant . the experiment designed according Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and three replicates per treatment, compared to the average using less significant difference at the level of probability (0.05) , the results showed the following:-
The effect of brassinolide with it,s concentrations led to obtain a significant increase in all the studied characteristics, so the superiority of the concentration of 2 mg.L-1 of brassinolide in each of Ca, Mg,Fe, and total chlorophyll
The effect of gibberellic acid with it,s two concentrations led to obtain a significant increase in all the studied characteristics and the highest in of the concentrate at 50 mg.L-1in two local and hol and varieties.
The all bilateral interactions had a significant effect on all the studies characteristics with superiority of the treatment (2 from brassinolide, 50 from gibberellic acid) mg. L-1 in the ratio of Ca, Mg,Fe and total chlorophyll.
The tripleinter actions led not to obtain a significant increase in all of the study of significant factors
Detection of zpx gene of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from Clinical samples for Iraqi children under Two Years
Authors: Motlag Assist. Lecturer Tharieyt Abdulrahman , Zwein Assist Prof. Dr. Luma abdal Hady
Published: June 2017

The study included 200 samples were collected from children under two years included (50 samples from each of Cerebrospinal fluid, Blood, Stool and Urine) from, (Central Children Hospital and Children's Protections Educational Hospital) The Iraqi Ministry of Health, the Department of Health Baghdad .the period from the first of 2015 September to the first of December 2015, Were obtained isolates bacterial subjected to the cultural, microscopic and biochemical examination and diagnosed to the species by using vitek2 system .The results showed there were contamination in 6.5% of clinical samples. The diagnosed colonies which gave pink color on the MacConkey agar, golden yellow color on the Trypton Soy agar and green color on the Birillent Enterobacter sakazakii agar and gave a probability of 99% in the vitek 2 and were identified as Cronobacter sakazakii. The identifcation revealed of thirteen isolates, (6) isolated from Cerebrospinal fluid samples and its contamination with percent 12%, (7) isolated from blood samples and its contamination with percent 14% and not isolated bacteria from stool and urine samples. Detection of zpx gene showed the presence of this gene in 13(100%)of isolates
A study of some physical, chemical and biological properties of Slabiaat River waters in Al-Muthanna province, Iraq
Authors: Al-Fanharawi Lecturer Ali Abdulhamza
Published: June 2017

Present study was conducted in order to assess Slabiaat water quality by measuring some physical and chemical factors of river water, the study included a choice of three stations along of Slabiaat River in Samawa city, water samples collected a monthly during the period from September 2013 August 2014. The study involved measuring the Air & water temperatures, pH, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Dissolved oxygen, Total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium, turbidity, and some types of bacteria in River water.
The study results showed that the values of air & water temperatures have ranged between (20.1-36.6)?C , (10-21.8) in Slabiaat River, respectively . pH values ranged between (6.6-8.7). Electrical conductivity in study sites record values ranged between (2625-9775) µs? cm. Total dissolved solids showed values are changing through months of study and between stations was highest (5500 mg/L) in S3. Dissolved oxygen values ranged between (4-7 mg/L) in Slabiaat River. Total hardness, calcium and magnesium were (690-2100), (500-1020) and (12.15-325.62) mg CaCO3/L, respectively, either turbidity values were the highest value in the river is (98) NTU, and the lowest was (12) NTU. Also,It has been identified Staphylococcus, E. coli, Vibrio, Proteus & Pseudomonas in river waters. Statistically, significant differences have emerged in all physical and chemical characteristics between months at probability (P? 0.05), while did not show between stations, except for calcium hardness.
The Comparison Effect of Nickel (II) and Cadmium (II) Complexes with Aqueous Extract of Tecrium polium.L (Ja,adah) Plant on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HeP2
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Assist. Prof. Iman Hashim
Published: June 2017

Cancer stay to be one of the leading causes of death throughout the world due to a limited success to use treatments. The new synthesized metal complexes with formula: [Ni L2 (H2O)2]. 2.5 E t OH and [Cd L2]. ½ H2O Where L = Bis [ 5 – ( P – nitrophenyl ) - 4 – phenyl 1 , 2 , 4 – trazol – 3 – dithiocarbamato hydrazide ] and the aqueous extract of Teucrium polium L.(TP) plant (Ja,adahin Arabic) were examined against growth cells of hepatocellular Carcinoma cell Line ( HeP2 ). The cytotoxicity assay of cancer cell line was used for determination of inhibition rate with three concentrations; (62.5, 105 and 250 µg /200µl). The aqueous extract of TP plant induced death of cancer cells by significant elevation of the inhibition rate to 50.03% while the cytotoxic effect of Ni ( II ) complex reached 45.77% and Cadmium (II) was 35.73% at 125µg /200µl.The present study indicates that there are no significant differences between the two new complexes Nickel(II) and Cadmium(II) compared with anticancer drug Cis-pt for all doses
Synthesis of Pure Nano semiconductor Oxide ZnO with Different AgNO3 Concentrations
Authors: Al-Taie Assist. Prof. Dr. Ali S. , Alwahab Hiba S. Abd
Published: June 2017

Zinc oxide nanoparticles sample is prepared by the precipitation method. This method involves using zinc nitrate and urea in aqueous solution, then (AgNO3) Solution with different concentrations is added. The obtained precipitated compound is structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The average particle size of nanoparticles is around 28nm in pure, the average particle size reaches 26nm with adding AgNO3 (0.05g in100ml =0.002 M) (0.1g in100ml=0.0058M), AgNO3 (0.2g in 100ml=0.01M) was 25nm. The FTIR result shows the existence of -CO, -CO2, -OH, and -NO2- groups in sample and oxides (ZnO, Ag2O).and used an atomic force microscope and microscope scanning electron to model the record.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Schiff Bases Chelates with Mn(II),Co(II),Ni (II),Cu(II) and Hg(II)
Authors: Shemary Lecturer. Dr. Rehab K. al , Karim Assist. Prof. Dr. Lekaa K. Abdul , Jaafar Lecturer. Dr. Wurood A.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, some series of new complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni (II) Cu(II) and Hg(II) are prepared from the Schiff bases (L1,L2). (L1) derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and O-phenylene dia mine then (L2) derived from (L1) and 2-benzoyl benzoic acid. Structural features are obtained from their elemental microanalyses, molar conductance, IR, UV–Vis, 1H, 13CNMR spectra and magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility and UV–Vis, IR spectral data of the ligand (L1) complexes get square–planar and tetrahedral geometries and the complexes oflig and (L2) get an octahedral geometry. Antimicrobial examinations show good results in the sharing complexes.
Analysis and Study of the Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence on Laser weapon in Iraq
Authors: Al-Aish Lecturer Thair Abdulkareem Khalil
Published: June 2017

One of the most important challenges facing the development of laser weapons is represented by the attenuation of the laser beam as it passed through the layers of atmosphere.This paper presents a theoretical study to simulate the effect of turbulence attenuation and calculates the decrease of laser power in Iraq. The refractive index structure C_n^2 is very important parameter to measure the strength of the atmospheric turbulence, which is affected by microclimate conditions, propagation path, season and time in the day. The results of measurements and predictions are based on the Kolmogorov turbulence theory. It was demonstrated by simulations that the laser weapons in Iraq were severely affected due to the large change in temperatures, the limited effective range of laser weapon to a few kilometers as a result of high attenuation and the middle of stratosphere considered as a homogeneous and a suitable area for the work of laser weapons, so be a favorite area of fighter aircraft.
Human Computer Interface for Wheelchair Movement
Authors: Ghani Assist. Prof. Dr. Rana Fareed , Hassan Hani Saeed
Published: June 2017

This paper aims to develop a technique for helping disabled people elderly with physical disability, such as those who are unable to move hands and cannot speak howover, by using a computer vision; real time video and interaction between human and computer where these combinations provide a promising solution to assist the disabled people. The main objective of the work is to design a project as a wheelchair which contains two wheel drives. This project is based on real time video for detecting and tracking human face. The proposed design is multi speed based on pulse width modulation(PWM), technique. This project is a fast response to detect and track face direction with four operations movement (left, right, forward and stop). These operations are based on a code written in MATLAB environment and Arduino IDE environment. The proposed system uses an ATmega328microcontroller (Arduino UNO board).
Modeling the Effect of Preharvest Weather Conditions on the Incidence of Soggy Breakdown in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apples
Authors: Lachapelle Maude , Bourgeois Gaétan , DeEll Jennifer R. , Stewart Katrine A. , Séguin Philippe
Published: June 2017

‘Honeycrisp’ is a relatively new apple cultivar highly susceptible to physiological disorders, such as soggy breakdown. The overall objective of this study was to identify preharvest weather parameters that influence the incidence of soggy breakdown over the different phases of fruit development. Using weather data and evaluation of fruit quality from three sites in Ontario, two sites in Quebec, and one site in Nova Scotia from 2009 to 2011, and data from four sites in Ontario from 2002 to 2006, a model for soggy breakdown incidence (SBI) was developed to predict the level of susceptibility in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples. This model uses primarily two weather variables during the last phase of fruit development [91 days from full bloom (DFB) to harvest] to accumulate an SBI index during the growing season, from full bloom to harvest. Cool (temperature <5 °C) and wet conditions (precipitation >0.5 mm) during this last phase resulted in increased soggy breakdown susceptibility levels. The predictions of the SBI model resulted in 68% of well-estimated cases (threshold of ±5%) (RMSE = 6.45, EF = 0.28, E = −0.04). Furthermore, firmness was linked to soggy breakdown, in addition to weather conditions, revealing a positive effect of high firmness at harvest on the development of the disorder. However, the effect of fruit quality attributes (e.g., internal ethylene concentration, starch index, firmness, and soluble solid content) by themselves, without considering weather conditions, revealed no relationship with the incidence of soggy breakdown.
Nonchemical, Cultural Management Strategies to Suppress Phytophthora Root Rot in Northern Highbush Blueberry
Authors: Yeo John R. , Weiland Jerry E. , Sullivan Dan M. , Bryla David R.
Published: June 2017

Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands causes root rot of northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), which decreases plant growth, yield, and profitability for growers. Fungicides are available to suppress the disease, but are prone to development of resistance in target pathogens and cannot be used in certified organic production systems. Alternative, nonchemical, cultural management strategies were evaluated to reduce phytophthora root rot in a field infested with P. cinnamomi. The field was planted with ‘Draper’ blueberry, which is highly susceptible to the pathogen. The soil was either amended with gypsum or not before planting, and the plants were irrigated using narrow (adjacent to plant crown) or widely spaced (20 cm on either side of the plant crown) drip lines and mulched with douglas fir sawdust or black, woven geotextile fabric (weed mat). A fungicide control treatment was also included in the study and consisted of applying two conventional fungicides, mefenoxam and fosetyl-Al, to plants irrigated with narrow drip lines and mulched with sawdust. Initially, root infection by P. cinnamomi was lower with the combination of gypsum, wide drip lines, and sawdust mulch than with any other treatment, except the fungicide control. The soil under weed mat accumulated more heat units than under sawdust and resulted in faster hyphal growth by the pathogen. However, plant growth was similar in both mulch types. The effects of drip line placement and gypsum, on the other hand, were interactive, and plants grown with a combination of wide drip lines and gypsum produced the greatest amount of biomass among the cultural treatments. Narrow drip lines negated the disease-suppressive effects of gypsum by moving zoospore-inhibiting Ca2+ away from the plant root zone, and also resulted in wetter soil near the crown of the plants, which likely promoted zoospore discharge and root infection. However, wide drip lines resulted in N deficiency symptoms during the first year after planting and, therefore, resulted in less plant growth than the fungicide control. Thus, if N is managed properly, this study suggests that concerted use of gypsum and wide drip lines can help suppress phytophthora root rot in northern highbush blueberry and increase production in field soils where the pathogen is present.
Development and Evaluation of Diploid and Polyploid Hibiscus moscheutos
Authors: Li Zhitong , Ruter John M.
Published: June 2017

Hibiscus moscheutos L. is an herbaceous hibiscus native to eastern North America that has been a popular landscape and container plant exhibiting large and colorful flowers in the summer. However, unsightly fruit develop and remain on the stalks at the end of the blooming season, which greatly decreases the ornamental value. Thus, breeding for sterility was attempted through ploidy level manipulation to reduce formation and growth of seed stalks, and to improve blooming vigor and longevity. Colchicine and oryzalin were used as mitotic inhibitors to induce tetraploid breeding lines that could be used to develop sterile triploids. Germinated seedlings of ‘Luna Red’ were soaked in three concentrations of each doubling agent for three different durations. Exposure to a low concentration of colchicine solution for a long time or to a low concentration of oryzalin for a short period was found to be effective in yielding a high number of tetraploids with a low rate of mortality. Triploids were obtained from the traditional method of crossing tetraploids with diploids. Triploid and tetraploid plants showed a decrease in height with a more compact form. Leaves of tetraploid plants were more ruffled, with an increase in overall leaf thickness, but were not different from leaves of diploids and triploids in regard to leaf mass per area (LMA). Triploid plants bloomed longer but had smaller flowers than diploid plants. Although the whole planting was infected by aerial phytophthora, diploid, tetraploid, and triploid plants were significantly different in their tolerances: all diploid branches were infected, but only a minor infection occurred on one triploid branch, and the transmission remained slow. Flowers of tetraploid plants failed to produce pollen, whereas flowers of triploid plants produced only nonviable pollen grains and fruits aborted after pollination, which led to infertility of induced triploids.
Flower-size Heritability and Floral Heat-shock Tolerance in Diploid Roses
Authors: Liang Shuyin , Wu Xuan , Byrne David
Published: June 2017

The effect of heat on rose flowers was examined by measuring flower size in 10 diploid rose populations created by crossing the heat-tolerant Texas A&M University (TAMU) breeding lines (M4-4, J06-20-14-3) and sensitive (97/7-2, ‘Red Fairy’, ‘Sweet Chariot’, ‘Vineyard Song’, ‘Old Blush’, and ‘Little Chief’) diploid roses. As expected, the populations and individual seedlings differed in flower size. The heat-shock treatment (1 hour at 44 °C) decreased flower diameter (15.7%), petal number (23.3%), and flower dry weight (16.9%). Flower-size traits had moderately low narrow-sense (0.24, 0.12, and 0.34 for flower diameter, petal number, and flower dry weight, respectively) and moderately high broad-sense (0.62, 0.74, and 0.76 for flower diameter, petal number, and flower dry weight, respectively) heritability indicating important nonadditive genetic effects. If rose genotypes vary in floral heat tolerance, a differential response to heat among populations, seedlings, or both detected statistically by a significant interaction effect would be expected. Both the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the restricted estimated maximum likelihood (REML) analyses showed a positive population × heat stress interaction effect for flower diameter. Although our data indicate differences in floral heat tolerance among the populations and genotypes, the effect was small as compared with the other sources of variation. Thus, using this 1-hour heat-shock approach would not be an effective strategy to select for floral heat tolerance in rose.
Single and Multiple Modes of Action Insecticides for Control of Asian Citrus Psyllid and Citrus Leafminer
Authors: Qureshi Jawwad A. , Kostyk Barry C. , Stansly Philip A.
Published: June 2017

Control of Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton is important to reduce the spread and severity of huanglongbing (HLB) (citrus greening) and citrus canker diseases, respectively. Insecticides are critical for the management of these pests. We therefore conducted two replicated experiments using spray treatments containing single or multiple modes of action (MoA) insecticides to reduce the incidence of these two pests in bearing citrus. Tank mixing in 47 L·ha−1 (5 gal/acre) of water with synthetic plant terpenes (Requiem 25 EC, Unknown MoA) or adjuvant petroleum oil (PureSpray Green, Unknown MoA) did not improve the effectiveness of the pyrethroid zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang Max 0.15 EC, MoA 3A) against D. citri. Its control with flupyradifurone (Sivanto 200 SL MoA 4D) and PureSpray Green in 935 L·ha−1 (100 gal/acre) water was similar to Mustang Max 0.15 EC and Requiem 25 EC, but mixtures did not provide better control than Mustang Max 0.15 EC alone. Phyllocnistis citrella was controlled only with Sivanto 200 SL and PureSpray Green and Requiem 25 EC alone. The addition of cyantraniliprole (group 28 MoA in A16971 premixed with thiamethoxam MoA 4A), pymetrozine (Fulfill 50 WDG, MoA 9B), or abamectin (Agri-Mek SC, MoA 6) did not improve and in many cases reduced the performance of thiamethoxam (Actara 25 WG, MoA 4A) against D. citri and P. citrella. These results demonstrated no advantage to single applications of multiple MoAs over the most effective active ingredients when applied alone for control of D. citri or P. citrella. Therefore, rotations of these active ingredients would be preferable to mixtures to avoid selection for resistance against multiple MoAs by any one application.
Pollen Sources Influence the Traits of Seed and Seed Oil in Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’
Authors: Xie Lihang , Niu Lixin , Zhang Yanlong , Jin Min , Ji Duo , Zhang Xiaoxiao
Published: June 2017

The effects of different pollen sources on fruit and seed characteristics of Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’ were investigated using analysis of three different pollination treatments and pollen sources from fifteen cultivars in two successive years. The results showed that self-pollination decreased fruit setting, the number of seeds per fruit, seed volume, seed and kernel weights, and the linoleic acid (LA) concentration in the seed oil, but increased the concentration of oleic acid (OA) compared with cross-pollination. Among those pollen donors, P. suffruticosa ‘Yinhong Qiaodui’ produced the highest fruit set (87.5%); the lowest fruit set was obtained with P. suffruticosa ‘Mo Run Jue Lun’ (44.33%). The most seeds per fruit were achieved by P. suffruticosa ‘Mochi Jin Hui’. P. suffruticosa ‘Dahong Baozhu’ produced the largest fruit, which contained larger and heaviest seeds. The oil extraction ratio (26% to 31.6%) and the concentration of three major unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in seed oil also significantly differed among pollen sources. The content of OA, LA, and α-linolenic acid (ALA) ranged from 13.82 to 24.79, 12.09 to 21.84, and 23.50 to 38.64 g/100 g crude oil, respectively. Overall, pollen source has clear effects on seed yield and even on fatty acid (FA) composition of seed oil in tree peony.
Response of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) to Photoselective Nettings on Growth and Postharvest Quality
Authors: Mudau Ambani R. , Soundy Puffy , Mudau Fhatuwani N.
Published: June 2017

Manipulation of microenvironments by means of photoselective nettings is widely used to improve the productivity and quality of high-value vegetables. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of photoselective nettings on growth, productivity, and postharvest quality attributes of baby spinach. Baby spinach cv. Ohio was grown from seeds, and the trial was repeated. Plants were planted in an open field (control) and under closed nets, viz., black, pearl, yellow, and red nets. At harvest, baby spinach leaves were subjected to 4, 10, and 20 °C storage temperatures for 12 days. Crops grown under black nets and stored at 4 °C retained higher level of antioxidant activity (0.23 g·kg−1), whereas the least level of antioxidant activity was observed in baby spinach grown under red and yellow shade nets (0.01 g·kg−1). Similar trend was evident with flavonoid content where baby spinach leaves grown under black nets maintained high level of flavonoids at 4, 10, and 20 °C during storage period compared with other shade nets and the control. The study control showed a better potential in retaining antioxidant activity over red and yellow shade nets. Results showed that black shade nettings have the potential to reduce water loss, decay incidents, and maintain flavonoid content and antioxidant activity followed by pearl and yellow nets.
La arquitectura de la eximente del miedo insuperable
Authors: Momblanc Liuver Camilo , Ortiz Imbert Ernesto
Published: June 2017

El miedo insuperable es una de las eximentes reconocidas por el ordenamiento jurídico penal cubano como causa de inculpabilidad, por lo que se puede aseverar que tiene un carácter autónomo. En este artículo, los autores exponen las características que le ofrecen este estatus jurídico, destacando sus requisitos, estructura y diferencias con otras causas de exención de naturaleza jurídica distinta pero que poseen puntos de contacto con la misma.
La protección de la mujer trabajadora contra la discriminación
Authors: Arévalo Vela Javier
Published: June 2017

En el presente artículo se aborda el tema de la protección de la mujer trabajadora contra la discriminación, realizando un breve comentario sobre la legislación que proscribe tales actos dentro de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico laboral.
La remuneración de referencia y el derecho a la pensión en el Sistema Nacional de Pensiones, en el marco del derecho fundamental a la seguridad social
Authors: Gave Maldonado Juan R.
Published: June 2017

Los diferentes cálculos de la remuneración de referencia en las pensiones de los asegurados en el Sistema Nacional de Pensiones (ONP) se vienen dando de manera tal que se consideran remuneraciones asegurables no efectuadas por los pensionistas durante su vínculo laboral, lo que configura una vulneración al derecho fundamental a la pensión y a la seguridad social consagrada en la Constitución Política del Perú. La presente investigación hace una recopilación de la realidad problemática de la aplicación correcta de las remuneraciones asegurables efectuadas por los asegurados al SNP, haciendo énfasis en la necesidad de determinar el monto de las pensiones considerando solo los meses en que existan remuneraciones asegurables, puesto que estas solo generan la obligación de aportar al sistema y no los meses calendarios, en los cuales se pueden presentar meses en blanco donde no se generen aportes. Tomando estas consideraciones, se busca elevar la calidad de vida de un pensionista a través de un cálculo real y correcto de las remuneraciones de referencia, las que determinaran una pensión justa.
A general model for treatment of protests and no-answer responses in contingent valuation method
Authors: Wu Pei-Ing , Chen Szu-Hao , Liou Je-Liang
Published: June 2017

This study formulates a general model to account for the protest responses and no-answer replies. The distinct characteristics of this model are general in three ways: simultaneously accounting for protest and no-answer responses, applicable to all kinds of elicitation formats in contingent valuation, and simplicity in estimation. Creation of inverse Mills ratio is the distinctive step in this general model. The inverse Mills ratio is continuously carried in the subsequent estimation for the modification of different types of elicitation formats in this general model. The results generally indicate that these ratios are significantly different from zero. This means that accounting for these Mills ratios does have an important role in such modification when protest responses and/or no-answer responses are both taken into account. The results show that overall total willingness to pay from the general model with inclusion of protest and no-answer responses under different types of elicitation formats are higher than those estimated by traditional treatment. The degree of underestimation of traditional treatment is between 26% and 67%. That is, the general model proposed here for treating protest and/or no-answer responses in contingent valuation method can account for the full information, which might be potentially omitted or inappropriately dealt with in the estimation.
CE Marking and declaration of conformity for constructed wetlands for up to 50 PT built in series exemplary explained with the initial type test of the treatment efficiency performance
Authors: Wermter Martina
Published: June 2017

Small constructed wetlands for up to 50 PT built in series are subject to two different fields of law. To place the product on the European market the construction law has to be respected and the product usually needs to be CE-marked. To operate such a plant and discharge the treated wastewater, the national water law needs to be respected and in some countries national approvals are required. This paper highlights the aspect of the construction law.

The paper introduces and gives a brief overview of the current legal situation in Europe under the construction products regulation 305/2011, the content of the EN 12566 and its mandatory initial type tests. A CE-marked product gives the manufacturer the opportunity to market it anywhere on the European market. Only national aspects from the water law concerning effluent requirements and operation need to be respected additionally, if existent.

In order to enable the manufacturer to CE-mark and declare the conformity of the constructed wetland system, the most important testing is the practical treatment efficiency test of the smallest model of the range and is therefore presented in more detail.
Failure risk assessment in water network in terms of planning renewals – a case study of the exemplary water supply system
Authors: Pietrucha-Urbanik K. , Tchórzewska-Cieślak B.
Published: June 2017

In the paper the issue of failure risk assessment in water supply system (WSS) was presented. Problems of water supply network failure constitute a crucial issue in waterworks practice. The results of the analysis were obtained on the basis of real data from water network operation. Attention has been paid to the problem of risk assessment in the context of risk acceptance criteria. An example of criteria application was shown for the exemplary water supply network. The water network indicators: failure frequency, time of failure removal, repair time and intensity of renewal, were calculated. The obtained information was used to describe the general characteristics of the examined system and the technical conditions of the WSS. The performed analysis can be used in the assessment of future failure prediction of the water supply network.
The impact of fluctuation of the Nile River level on water composition
Authors: Shafeek Ahmed M. , Salah Hamdy , Shehata Nabila , Saddek A. B.
Published: June 2017

This paper studies the influence of fluctuation of the Nile River level on water composition. The Nile River could be classified to four periods according to level. The periods are flood, intermediate, drought and intermediate. The present study investigates the biological and chemical analysis of water at all periods of the Nile River. The results show that the algae count ranged from 221 to 2,069 organism/ml during flood and drought periods respectively. By contrast, the change in the concentration of chemical elements was very slight, whether in the period of drought or flood period. This means that the fluctuation of the Nile River level had a significant impact on its biological nature rather than chemical nature. It could be argued that this is due to the algae's ability to absorb chemical elements.
SIASAR: a country-led indicator framework for monitoring the rural water and sanitation sector in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Requejo-Castro D. , Giné-Garriga R. , Flores-Baquero Ó. , Martínez G. , Rodríguez A. , de Palencia A. Jiménez Fdez. , Pérez-Foguet A.
Published: June 2017

The provision of water supply, sanitation and hygiene services has emerged as a top priority in the development agenda in Latin American and the Caribbean. In light of the investments envisaged to reach the targets set by the sustainable development goals, information systems will play a key role in improving decision-making. In this context, this article introduces a country-led and global IS, which has been increasingly implemented in numerous countries across Latin America and the Caribbean as a policy instrument to support national and local decision-making: the Rural Water and Sanitation Information System (SIASAR). SIASAR includes a comprehensive framework for data collection, analysis and dissemination that simultaneously fulfils different stakeholder needs. This article analyses these three key monitoring issues from the viewpoint of stakeholder involvement. Our results indicate that SIASAR represents a suitable monitoring framework to analyse sustainable services and the level of service delivered. Additionally, we highlighted some of the advantages of adopting a continued participatory approach in system development, including: (i) the stimulation of experience exchange and knowledge sharing between recipient countries; (ii) the promotion of learning-by-doing; and (iii) an increase of regional understanding, collaboration and comparisons.
Steps towards implementing decentralized rural sanitation solutions: an institutional assessment of the Brazilian sanitation sector
Authors: Kreter K. , Cardona J. A.
Published: June 2017

In spite of a great number of environmental laws and a sound legal framework for the water and sanitation sector, there are numerous obstacles, which impede the successful implementation of Brazilian sanitation policies. This study undertakes an institutional assessment of decentralized wastewater treatment solutions, applicable in rural areas in the state of Rio de Janeiro in order to identify governance potentials and constraints of the Brazilian rural sanitation sector. The results of a legal and institutional analysis on federal, state, river-basin (Paraíba do Sul) and municipal levels apply on a case study, conducted within the INTECRAL project in a rural settlement in the municipality of Nova Friburgo, with the purpose to identify necessary procedures for the implementation of a pilot wastewater treatment solution. This article defines the major challenges of the Brazilian rural sanitation sector and reflects the applicability of the proposed decentralized collective wastewater treatment and reuse solutions on the regional case study level from the institutional and legal as well as from the operation and maintenance model perspectives.
Clays for heterogeneous photocatalytic decolorization of wastewaters contaminated with synthetic dyes: a review
Authors: Jing Guolin , Sun Zhengnan , Ye Ping , Wei Shirong , Liang Yu
Published: June 2017

Photocatalysis is one of the most environment-friendly and technologically viable advanced oxidation processes. Compared to conventional thermal, biological, and physicochemical treatments, photocatalytic processes have more moderate reaction conditions and higher efficiency. They are a promising technology for the treatment of dye wastewaters, particularly those that have toxic and high organic content. Matrix-based photocatalysts have been extensively studied to enhance their efficiency. This paper is a review of recently published literature on matrix-based clay photocatalysts – e.g., bentonite, attapulgite, hydrotalcite, etc. – decolorizing dye wastewaters.
Sustainability of decentralized wastewater treatment technologies
Authors: Capodaglio A. G. , Callegari A. , Cecconet D. , Molognoni D.
Published: June 2017

In many Countries, small communities are required to treat wastewater discharges to increasing standards of lesser environmental impacts, but must achieve that goal at locally sustainable costs. While biological membrane treatment (membrane bio-reactors (MBRs)) is quickly becoming the industry standard for centralized wastewater treatment plants, and would also be ideally suited also for small plants potentially subject to relatively large hydraulic load variations, its investment and operating costs are usually high for that class of applications. Consequently, small treatment plants are generally configured as anoxic or aerated biological tanks with little sedimentation, making them quite susceptible to hydraulic loads transient and sludge quality changes. As an alternative, Constructed Wetlands Systems (CWSs) are gradually and successfully being introduced in many Countries. CWSs are designed to utilise the natural functions of wetland vegetation, soils and their microbiological populations to treat wastewater. Pretreatment occurs by filtration and settling, followed by bacterial decomposition in a natural-looking lined marsh. A new technology, a new type of membrane-like aerobic reactor initially designed for the degradation of hydrocarbon-derived groundwater contaminants, was recently tested for treating domestic, with performance similar to that of MBRs. Examples from the above applications are illustrated and compared in this paper. The paper also discusses merits and drawbacks of the various illustrated technologies, in view of their sustainability potential, and according to the new development paradigms for urban water systems, that encourage the development of local water-cycle clusters with local reuse and recycle of the resource, and possible local recovery of energy and/or materials.
Synergistic benefits between stormwater management measures and a new pricing system for stormwater in the City of Hamburg
Authors: Bertram N. P. , Waldhoff A. , Bischoff G. , Ziegler J. , Meinzinger F. , Skambraks A.-K.
Published: June 2017

Hamburg is a growing metropolitan city. The increase in sealed surfaces of about 0.36% per year and the subsequent increased runoff impacts on the city's wastewater infrastructure. Further potential risks to the drainage infrastructure arise also from effects of climate change, e.g. increased intensity and frequency of heavy rainfalls. These challenges were addressed in the Rain InfraStructure Adaption (RISA) project conducted 2009–2015 by HAMBURG WASSER and the State Ministry for Environment and Energy, supported by several municipal stakeholders. RISA addressed intensifying conflicts in the context of urban development and stormwater management at that time. Major results of the project are improvements and recommendations for adequate consideration of stormwater management issues during urban planning as well as new funding mechanisms for stormwater management measures. The latter topic resulted in the introduction of a separated stormwater charge based on the amount of sealed area connected to the sewer system of each property. For both undertakings – the RISA project and the introduction of the separated stormwater charge – a novel, comprehensive, digital database was built. Today, these geographical information system (GIS)-based data offer various scale-independent analysis and information opportunities, which facilitate the day-to-day business of HAMBURG WASSER and stormwater management practice in Hamburg.