bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intersubjetividade: perspectivas teóricas e implicações para o desenvolvimento infantil inicial
Authors: Nogueira Susana Engelhard , Moura Maria Lucia Seidl de
Published: March 2017

O conceito de intersubjetividade tem sido abordado segundo diferentes interpretações no campo da Psicologia. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar fundamentos teóricos desse conceito, apontando sua utilização em estudos sobre o desenvolvimento infantil inicial nas últimas décadas. Busca-se ainda discutir e comparar diferentes perspectivas teóricas que abordam o papel da intersubjetividade e da interação social no desenvolvimento infantil. Entende-se que as perspectivas discutidas não esgotam plenamente o tema, mas contribuem para uma reflexão sobre como a intersubjetividade pode ser vista como aspecto indissociado de processos básicos que envolvem reciprocidade como a comunicação inicial, interação social e afetividade.
Práticas educativas parentais, gênero e ordem de nascimento dos filhos: atualização
Authors: Sampaio Isabela T. A.
Published: March 2017

As práticas educativas parentais dizem respeito a como os pais monitoram, controlam e socializam seus filhos. Neste artigo, objetiva-se atualizar a literatura na área das práticas educativas parentais considerando-se especialmente dois fatores: o gênero (menino ou menina) e a ordem de nascimento (filho único, primogênito, do meio ou caçula) dos filhos. Foram consultados artigos nacionais e internacionais, sendo esses últimos considerados a partir do ano de 2001. Com relação às práticas educativas parentais e o gênero do filho, observou-se que parece existir uma preferência dos pais com filhos do mesmo sexo que o seu, as mães preferindo as meninas e os pais, os meninos. A literatura também demonstra que há diferenças no modo como meninos e meninas reagem a estressores familiares, sendo que os meninos apresentam maiores níveis de externalização e as meninas, de internalização de comportamento. Os artigos referentes à ordem de nascimento, por sua vez, discutem principalmente como é a alocação de recursos da família de acordo com a posição de nascimento de cada filho. Observou-se que os primogênitos, principalmente do sexo masculino, são os que recebem maior investimento dos pais. A literatura, porém, é frágil e contraditória com relação aos dois aspectos, assim, ressalta-se que há necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre esses temas, especialmente no Brasil.
Escolas promotoras de saúde
Authors: Cardoso Vanessa , Reis Ana Paula dos , Iervolino Solange Abrocesi
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Araquari e participaram da pesquisa 22 professores de duas escolas do município, localizadas na área de abrangência de 2 equipes da estratégia saúde da família. Teve como objetivo propor um processo de educação continuada, para que as escolas se tornem promotoras de saúde, por meio da identificação da percepção dos professores em relação aos temas: saúde, promoção e educação em saúde e a necessidade de capacitação nos mesmos temas. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário semi-estruturado com questões abertas e fechadas; análise das respostas foi feita através do método de análise temática proposta por Minayo. Foi possível observar que o conceito de saúde dos professores limita-se ao bem estar físico, assim como o de educação em saúde à transmissão informações sobre cuidados de higiene. Os professores manifestaram interesse pela capacitação de temas relacionados a doenças. Além disso, não há adoção de estratégias para o enfrentamento dos riscos encontrados no ambiente escolar, apesar do espaço físico ser identificado por eles como inadequado e principal condicionante dos acidentes no ambiente escolar. Assim sendo, as autoras consideram que há necessidade imediata de um processo de educação permanente, para que os professores possam ampliar seus conceitos de saúde e trabalhar com os princípios da Escola Promotora de Saúde, em prol da qualidade de vida de todos aqueles que convivem no ambiente escolar.
Freqüência de malformações congênitas das extremidades em recém-nascidos
Authors: Pereira Ricardo Jorge da Silva , Abreu Luiz Carlos de , Valenti Vitor Engracia , Albuquerque Waleska Duarte Melo , Pereira Sheila Cavalcante , Araújo Ricardo , Ferreira Neto Marcos Luiz , Dos Santos Saulo Monteiro
Published: March 2017

As malformações congênitas constituem alterações de estrutura, função ou metabolismo presentes ao nascer, que resultam em anomalias físicas ou mentais, podendo ou não ser simples ou múltiplas e de maior ou menor importância clínica. O objetivo é de analisar a freqüência de malformações congênitas das extremidades em maternidades da cidade de Maceió. Realizou-se um estudo de coorte transversal prospectivo em 2500 recém-nascidos no período de julho de 2002 a junho de 2003, junto às maternidades Casa Maternal Santa Mônica, Hospital Memorial Arthur Ramos e Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Maceió. Foram excluídos os recém-nascidos em alto risco e casos de aborto. Cerca de 2,88% dos recém-nascidos estudados apresentaram algum tipo de anomalia do aparelho locomotor. A anomalia maior mais freqüente foi o pé torto eqüinovaro congênito e a anomalia menor de maior incidência foi o pé calcâneo valgo.
Freqüência de sintomas associados à asma e doenças alérgicas em adultos jovens, na cidade de Santo André, SP
Authors: Gracia Mariana Paulino , Mello João Ferreira de , Fernandes Maria De Fátima M. , Wandalsen Neusa Falbo
Published: March 2017

OBJETIVO: Determinar a freqüência e a gravidade de sintomas relacionados à asma, à rinite e ao eczema atópico em adultos jovens, empregando o questionário escrito (QE) padronizado e auto-aplicável do ISAAC. MÉTODO: 747 estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, (Medicina, Enfermagem e Farmácia) foram aleatoriamente escolhidos para responder o QE padrão ISAAC, composto pelos 3 módulos (asma, rinite, eczema). Destes, 600 o fizeram de forma correta e completa. Foram calculadas as freqüências relativas e absolutas das respostas afirmativas às questões analisadas. RESULTADOS: A média de idade da população estudada foi de 26 anos (17- 28), sendo que 67% eram mulheres. A freqüência de asma ativa (sibilos nos últimos 12 meses) foi 15,3% e a de asma grave (dificuldade de fala durante as crises) foi 2%. A freqüência de rinite foi 62,1% (35,8% com sintomas graves), a de rinoconjuntivite foi 33,8% e a de eczema flexural, 6,6%. Com exceção da asma e seus sintomas, observou-se predomínio no sexo feminino. Os dados analisados indicam a necessidade de estudos adicionais em adultos jovens e a utilização de marcadores para as doenças alérgicas e atópicas.
Editorial
Authors: Leone Claudio
Published: March 2017

Chegamos à maioridade! Aqui está o 3º fascículo do décimo oitavo volume da Revista Brasileira de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento Humano. São exatamente dezoito anos de vida de uma idéia bem sucedida.
Desordens músculo-esqueléticas em adolescentes trabalhadores
Authors: Caetano Vanusa Caiafa , Ribeiro Luiz Cláudio , Cruz Danielle Teles da , Asmus Carmen Ildes Rodrigues Fróes
Published: March 2017

O trabalho infantil é um fenômeno mundial de grandes proporções, especialmente em países subdesenvolvidos. Estima-se, em todo o mundo, que 352 milhões de crianças e adolescentes com idade inferior a 18 anos são economicamente ativos, incluindo trabalho remunerado, não-pago, ilegal e informal. Assim, o objetivo é descrever a prevalência de desordens no sistema músculo-esquelético em um grupo de adolescentes inseridos no Programa de Formação Profissionalizante na "Casa do Pequeno Jardineiro", na cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG. O método constou de observação, análise e descrição das posturas adotadas durante o processo de trabalho, aplicação de um questionário de identificação das condições de vida e trabalho e a realização do teste de flexão em pé (TFP). A amostra total foi dividida em três grupos, avaliando a ocorrência de dor e/ou desconforto nos ombros, nos cotovelos, nos quadris ou coxas e nos pés, retração dos grupos musculares tríceps sural e isquiotibiais, presença de dor e/ou desconforto nos quadris ou coxas associado à retração dos grupos musculares tríceps sural e isquiotibiais. Em conclusão, os adolescentes submetidos a uma carga de trabalho elevada apresentaram maior freqüência de desordens no sistema músculo-esquelético.
Estado nutricional e níveis pressóricos de escolares adolescentes da cidade de Cubatão - SP, Brasil
Authors: Silva Márcia Cristina Pires da , Ramos Cecília Helena Bicalho , Costa Roberto Fernandes da
Published: March 2017

O aumento da prevalência de obesidade em adolescentes tem contribuído para o aparecimento precoce da hipertensão arterial. OBJETIVOS: Verificar o estado nutricional e os níveis pressóricos de adolescentes, bem como a relação entre estes fatores e diferenças entre os sexos. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo com delineamento transversal realizado em duas escolas públicas da cidade de Cubatão. Participaram 704 adolescentes de 10 a 15 anos de idade, sendo 333 rapazes e 371 moças. Para avaliação do estado nutricional foi utilizado o índice de massa corporal por idade e sexo. A pressão arterial foi medida por meio da técnica auscultatória e os valores encontrados foram avaliados de acordo com o percentil de estatura para a idade dos adolescentes. O tratamento estatístico constou da apresentação da proporção dos sujeitos em sobrepeso e obesidade, bem como dos que apresentavam alterações na pressão arterial. Foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado para verificar diferença de proporção de alterações pressóricas entre sujeitos eutróficos e com sobrepeso ou obesidade, além do cálculo de Odds Ratio e IC95%. A significância estatística adotada foi de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A avaliação do estado nutricional mostrou que 13,64% dos adolescentes apresentavam sobrepeso e 10,37% eram obesos. Quanto aos níveis pressóricos, 12,65% dos adolescentes apresentaram pressão Normal Alta e 9,52% apresentaram Hipertensão. Os adolescentes com excesso de peso apresentaram significativamente maior proporção de alterações pressóricas: X² = 15,39 (p = 0,00008); OR = 2,23 (IC% = 1,47-3,37). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram elevadas proporções de excesso de peso e alterações pressóricas, com clara relação entre eles.
O adolescente e a deficiência auditiva: as relações familiares retratadas no teste do desenho em cores da família
Authors: Neuber Luciana Maria Biem , Do Valle Tania Gracy Martins , Palamin Maria Estela Guadagnucci
Published: March 2017

A presente pesquisa tem por finalidade investigar os componentes emocionais e dificuldades envolvidas na dinâmica familiar de adolescentes portadores de deficiência auditiva, visto que a família necessita lidar com os aspectos biopsicossociais da adolescência e da deficiência. Participaram deste estudo oito adolescentes, com idade de doze a dezoito anos, de ambos os sexos, juntamente com seus pais. O Teste do Desenho em Cores da Família - TDCF instrumento utilizado, foi aplicado em todos os participantes da pesquisa, individualmente. Cada indivíduo desenhou sua família, respondendo ao questionário do instrumento. Assim sendo, fundamentada na abordagem sistêmica, foi possível visualizar o contexto familiar na particularidade de cada membro envolvido, bem como o panorama geral da estruturação familiar. Portanto, constatou-se que a deficiência auditiva gera disfunções apresentadas através das dimensões interacionais, tais como comunicação, conflitos, afeição e integração, refletindo nos pais os sentimentos de medo e insegurança, e nos filhos, de repressão e dependência.
Intramuscular Lipoma of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle
Authors: Kalmar Garrett , Doobay Nathalia
Published: March 2017

An intramuscular lipoma is a deep-seated, rare, benign mesenchymal tumor that arises in skeletal muscle. These soft-tissue masses are rarely reported in the foot. We describe an unusual case of an intramuscular lipoma of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle. A review of the literature revealed only one previous report of this lesion in the foot.
The Effect of Long-Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser for the Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Okan Gökhan , Tarikci Nagehan , Gokdemir Gonca
Published: March 2017

Background:

Topical onychomycosis therapies are usually inadequate, and patient compliance to systemic therapies is poor. Recently, interest in laser therapy for the treatment of onychomycosis has increased. We sought to investigate the efficacy of long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser therapy for onychomycosis.

Methods:

Thirty patients with mycologically confirmed onychomycosis received long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser therapy, moving the beam in a spiral pattern over the whole nail plate two times, with a 1-minute pause between passes. Laser therapy was performed with a spot diameter of 4 mm at a speed of 25 mm/sec once weekly for 4 weeks using fluencies ranging from 40 to 60 J/cm2, depending on the thickness of the nail plate. Patients were evaluated in terms of clinical improvement and mycologic cure.

Results:

Thirty patients started and 15 completed the study. Mycologic cure was achieved in nine patients (60%), of whom eight (89%) were infected with Trichophyton sp. Complete clinical improvement was achieved in seven patients (47%), all of whom were infected with Trichophyton sp. Mycologic cure was not achieved in one of two patients infected with Epidermophyton or in either patient in whom the agent was Candida or Aspergillus; complete clinical improvement did not occur in any of these patients. No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusions:

Based on these results, long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser can be used as an effective treatment for onychomycosis, but further studies are needed to draw firmer conclusions.
Barnehagestyreres opplevelser av forholdet til skolen i spørsmål om barns læring
Authors: Moen Kari Hoås
Published: March 2017

This study draws attention to what extent directors of private and municipal Early Childhood Centers (ECCs) experience disagreement with school concerning questions about children’s learning in ECCs and the content of this disagreement. Furthermore, it focuses to what extent the directors of these two center categories try to influence school in such questions, and how they possibly may do this. The material derives from a nationwide survey (1310 directors) and an interview study (16 directors). The directors experience disagreements to a small extent and least in private centers. However, some disagree about to which extent the adults should lead children’s learning. This study reveals a great variety in how much the directors try to influence school. The municipal directors are most active. Artikkelen retter søkelys på i hvilken grad styrere i kommunale og private barnehager opplever uenighet med skolen i spørsmål om barns læring i barnehagen og eventuelt hva slik uenighet kan handle om. Videre ser den på i hvilken grad styrere i de to barnehagetypene forsøker å påvirke skolen i spørsmål om barns læring og eventuelt på hvilke måter. Datamaterialet kommer fra en landsdekkende survey (1310 styrere) og intervjuundersøkelse (16 styrere). Styrerne opplever liten grad av uenighet med skolen og minst i private barnehager. Et tema det kan være uenighet om, er grad av voksenstyring i læringsaktivitetene. Det er stor spredning på i hvilken grad styrerne forsøker å påvirke skolen. Styrere i kommunale barnehager er klart mest aktive. Styrerne forsøker å påvirke skolen på ulike måter.
High‐Performance Colorful Semitransparent Polymer Solar Cells with Ultrathin Hybrid‐Metal Electrodes and Fine‐Tuned Dielectric Mirrors
Authors: Xu Guiying , Shen Liang , Cui Chaohua , Wen Shanpeng , Xue Rongming , Chen Weijie , Chen Haiyang , Zhang Jingwen , Li Hongkun , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang
Published: March 2017

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) possess the unique features of semitransparency and coloration, which make them potential candidates for applications in aesthetic windows. Here, the authors fabricate inverted semitransparent PSCs with high‐quality hybrid Au/Ag transparent top electrodes and fine‐tuned dielectric mirrors (DMs). It is demonstrated that the device color can be tailored and the light harvesting in the PSCs can be enhanced by matching the bandgap of the polymer donors in the active layer with the specifically designed maximum‐reflection‐center‐wavelengths of the DMs. A detailed chromaticity analysis of the semitransparent PSCs from both bottom and top (mirror) views is also carried out. Furthermore, the inverted semitransparent PSCs based on PTB7‐Th:PC71BM with six pairs of DMs demonstrate a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.0% with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 12.2%. This efficiency is one of the highest reported for semitransparent PSCs, corresponding to 81.4% of the PCE from opaque counterpart devices. The device design and processing method are also successfully adapted to a flexible substrate, resulting in a device with a competitive PCE of 6.4% with an AVT of 11.5%. To the best of our knowledge, this PCE value is the highest value reported for a flexible semitransparent PSC.
Oxalyl Boronates Enable Modular Synthesis of Bioactive Imidazoles
Authors: Lee C. Frank , Holownia Aleksandra , Bennett James M. , Elkins Jonathan M. , St. Denis Jeffrey D. , Adachi Shinya , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: March 2017

Described herein is the preparation of oxalyl boronate building blocks and their application for the construction of heterocycles. The oxalyl unit, readily accessible through commercially available starting materials, enables a modular approach for the synthesis of imidazoles. A variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and alkyl carboxaldehydes were condensed with oxalyl boronates to afford substituted boryl imidazoles in a regiocontrolled fashion. Subsequent palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling with haloarenes furnished the desired trisubstituted imidazole scaffolds. To demonstrate the utility of these scaffolds, potent inhibitors of the serine/threonine‐protein kinase STK10 were synthesized.
A Chromium(III)‐Superoxo Complex as a Three‐Electron Oxidant with a Large Tunneling Effect in Multi‐Electron Oxidation of NADH Analogues
Authors: Devi Tarali , Lee Yong‐Min , Jung Jieun , Sankaralingam Muniyandi , Nam Wonwoo , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: March 2017

Metal‐superoxo species are involved in a variety of enzymatic oxidation reactions, and multi‐electron oxidation of substrates is frequently observed in those enzymatic reactions. A CrIII‐superoxo complex, [CrIII(O2)(TMC)(Cl)]+ (1; TMC=1,4,8,11‐tetramethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane), is described that acts as a novel three‐electron oxidant in the oxidation of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) analogues. In the reactions of 1 with NADH analogues, a CrIV‐oxo complex, [CrIV(O)(TMC)(Cl)]+ (2), is formed by a heterolytic O−O bond cleavage of a putative CrII‐hydroperoxo complex, [CrII(OOH)(TMC)(Cl)], which is generated by hydride transfer from NADH analogues to 1. The comparison of the reactivity of NADH analogues with 1 and p‐chloranil (Cl4Q) indicates that oxidation of NADH analogues by 1 proceeds by proton‐coupled electron transfer with a very large tunneling effect (for example, with a kinetic isotope effect of 470 at 233 K), followed by rapid electron transfer.
Helically Coiled Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Daigle Maxime , Miao Dandan , Lucotti Andrea , Tommasini Matteo , Morin Jean‐François
Published: March 2017

Graphene is a zero‐gap, semiconducting 2D material that exhibits outstanding charge‐transport properties. One way to open a band gap and make graphene useful as a semiconducting material is to confine the electron delocalization in one dimension through the preparation of graphene nanoribbons (GNR). Although several methods have been reported so far, solution‐phase, bottom‐up synthesis is the most promising in terms of structural precision and large‐scale production. Herein, we report the synthesis of a well‐defined, helically coiled GNR from a polychlorinated poly(m‐phenylene) through a regioselective photochemical cyclodehydrochlorination (CDHC) reaction. The structure of the helical GNR was confirmed by 1H NMR, FT‐IR, XPS, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. This Riemann surface‐like GNR has a band gap of 2.15 eV and is highly emissive in the visible region, both in solution and the solid state.
Isocyanide‐Induced Activation of Copper Sulfate: Direct Access to Functionalized Heteroarene Sulfonic Esters
Authors: Hong Xiaohu , Tan Qitao , Liu Bingxin , Xu Bin
Published: March 2017

A novel and direct approach to alkyl/aryl heteroarene sulfonic esters using copper sulfate as the environmentally benign inorganic sulfonation reagent was first realized with the aid of isocyanide. A variety of heterocycles reacted to afford the corresponding sulfonic esters through C−H functionalization. In this transformation, the otherwise inert copper sulfate was unusually activated by an isocyanide and employed as the source of the sulfonic substituents in an unprecedented fashion. The findings suggest that an appropriate activator may liberate the chemical activities of some relatively inert inorganic salts for organic synthesis.
Facile Two‐Step Synthesis of 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐Derived Polyaza[7]helicenes with High Fluorescence and CPL Efficiency
Authors: Otani Takashi , Tsuyuki Ami , Iwachi Taiki , Someya Satoshi , Tateno Kotaro , Kawai Hidetoshi , Saito Takao , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Shibata Takanori
Published: March 2017

A facile two‐step synthesis of aza[7]helicenes possessing a 6‐5‐6‐6‐6‐5‐6 skeleton from commercially available 2,9‐dichloro‐1,10‐phenanthroline via double amination with aniline derivatives followed by hypervalent iodine reagent‐mediated intramolecular double‐NH/CH couplings was developed. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses of the helicenes revealed unique structures, including both a significantly twisted center and planar terminals of the skeleton. The azahelicenes show high fluorescent quantum yields (Φs) under both neutral (Φ: 0.25–0.55) and acidic conditions (Φ: up to 0.80). An enantiomerically pure aza[7]helicene showed high circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity under both neutral and acidic conditions (glum: up to 0.009).
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Ring Opening and Isomerization of Unactivated Cyclopropanes
Authors: Zhang Zi‐Yu , Liu Zhi‐Yun , Guo Rui‐Ting , Zhao Yu‐Quan , Li Xiang , Wang Xiao‐Chen
Published: March 2017

Catalytic amounts of B(C6F5)3 promote the ring opening and subsequent isomerization of a series of unactivated cyclopropanes to afford terminal olefins in good yields when a hydrosilane and 2,6‐dibromopyridine are employed as additives.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Z‐Selective Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Teo Wei Jie , Wang Chao , Tan Ye Wei , Ge Shaozhong
Published: March 2017

A cobalt‐catalyzed Z‐selective hydrosilylation of alkynes has been developed relying on catalysts generated from bench‐stable Co(OAc)2 and pyridine‐2,6‐diimine (PDI) ligands. A variety of functionalized aromatic and aliphatic alkynes undergo this transformation, yielding Z‐vinylsilanes in high yields with excellent selectivities (Z/E ratio ranges from 90:10 to >99:1). The addition of a catalytic amount of phenol effectively suppressed the Z/E‐isomerization of the Z‐vinylsilanes that formed under catalytic conditions.
Polymeric Halogen‐Bond‐Based Donor Systems Showing Self‐Healing Behavior in Thin Films
Authors: Tepper Ronny , Bode Stefan , Geitner Robert , Jäger Michael , Görls Helmar , Vitz Jürgen , Dietzek Benjamin , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: March 2017

The synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a systematic series of cleft‐type anion receptors imbedded into a polymeric architecture is presented. For the first time, isothermal calorimetric titrations on polymeric halogen‐bond‐based donors were exploited to evaluate the dependence of the anion affinity on different key parameters (i.e. monomeric versus polymeric receptor, halogen versus hydrogen bonding, charge assistance). The combination of these donor systems with a copolymer bearing accepting carboxylate groups led to supramolecular cross‐linked polymer networks showing excellent intrinsic self‐healing behavior. FT‐Raman spectroscopy and nano‐indentation measurements were utilized to clarify the thermally induced self‐healing mechanism based on the formation of halogen bonds. These first self‐healing materials based on halogen bonds pave the way for new applications of halogen‐bond donors in polymer and material science.
Nanomechanical Infrared Spectroscopy with Vibrating Filters for Pharmaceutical Analysis
Authors: Kurek Maksymilian , Carnoy Matthias , Larsen Peter E. , Nielsen Line H. , Hansen Ole , Rades Thomas , Schmid Silvan , Boisen Anja
Published: March 2017

Standard infrared spectroscopy techniques are well‐developed and widely used. However, they typically require milligrams of sample and can involve time‐consuming sample preparation. A promising alternative is represented by nanomechanical infrared spectroscopy (NAM‐IR) based on the photothermal response of a nanomechanical resonator, which enables the chemical analysis of picograms of analyte directly from a liquid solution in only a few minutes. Herein, we present NAM‐IR using perforated membranes (filters). The method was tested with the pharmaceutical compound indomethacin to successfully perform a chemical and morphological analysis on roughly 100 pg of sample. With an absolute estimated sensitivity of 109±15 fg, the presented method is suitable for ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy.
Polyurethane/esterified cellulose nanocrystal composites as a transparent moisture barrier coating for encapsulation of dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Yuwawech Kitti , Wootthikanokkhan Jatuphorn , Wanwong Sompit , Tanpichai Supachok
Published: March 2017

This research work aims to investigate the effects of types and concentration of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) prepared from bacterial cellulose (BC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) on structure properties of polyurethane (PU) composites. Feasibility of applying the polymer composite for encapsulation of dye sensitized solar cells was of interest. Both CNCs were pretreated via esterification before mixing with the polyurethane by a solution process. Tensile strength and thermal stability of the PU/esterified CNCs were found to be superior to those of the systems reinforced with untreated CNCs. With the introduction of both untreated and esterified CNCs, water vapor transmission rates through the PU composite films were lowered while their visible light transmittance values were maintained to be above 80%. Also, better efficiency and stability of the solar cell were obtained when the PU was reinforced with CNCs, indicating its longer lifetime usage. The most suitable cell, described in terms of durability, was obtained when the PU was mixed with 2 wt % of esterified CNCs obtained from BC. Overall, this study shows that the surface modification of the CNCs is an important factor, affecting the reinforcing efficacy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45010.
Loading the polyol carbonization agent into clay nanotubes for the preparation of environmentally stable UV‐cured epoxy materials
Authors: Zheng Tiancheng , Ni Xiuyuan
Published: March 2017

The halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were loaded with pentaerythritol (PER). The as‐prepared composite (HNT‐P) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was subsequently added to the UV‐curable epoxy resins, giving a new flame‐resistant system. Loading of the hydrophilic PER into HNT can reduce the moisture absorption in the UV‐curable epoxy resins. The flame retardancy was evaluated by means of the cone calorimeter and limit oxygen index test. The results showed that the flame retardancy of the modified epoxy resin was greatly improved with an obvious decrease in both the heat release and smoke release. Moreover, it was revealed that HNT could catalyze the reaction of APP and PER, and the burning surface of the epoxy resin should be covered by the polyphosphoric‐HNT intumescent char layer. We have measured the moisture sorption and dynamic mechanical properties of the UV‐cured epoxy resins. As compared to the use of the simple mixture of PER and HNT, the use of the HNT‐P nearly kept the storage modulus at about 1809 Mpa and reduced the moisture absorption by 58.2 wt % at 40 °C. The results proved that the addition of the HNT‐P obtained lower moisture absorption and higher stability of the mechanical properties than adding the simple mixture. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45045.
Insertion of Group 12–16 Hydrides into NHCs: A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Iversen Kalon J. , Dutton Jason L. , Wilson David J. D.
Published: March 2017

The endocyclic ring expansion of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) rings by transition metal (group 12) and main group (group 13–16) element hydrides has been investigated in a computational study. In addition to previously reported insertion reactivity with Si, B, Be and Zn, similar reactivity is predicted to be feasible for heavier group 13 elements (Al, Ga, In, Tl), with the reaction barriers for Al–Tl calculated to be lower than for boron. Insertion is not expected with group 15–16 element hydrides, as the initial adduct formation is thermodynamically unfavorable. The reaction pathway with group 12 hydrides is calculated to be more favorable with two NHCs rather than a single NHC (analogous to Be), however hydride ring insertion with metal dihydrides is not feasible, but rather a reduced NHC is thermodynamically favored. For group 14, ring‐insertion reactivity is predicted to be feasible with the heavier dihydrides. Trends in reactivity of element hydrides may be related to the protic or hydridic character of the element hydrides.
The agotrons: Gene regulators or Argonaute protectors?
Authors: Stagsted Lotte V. W. , Daugaard Iben , Hansen Thomas B.
Published: March 2017

Over the last decades, it has become evident that highly complex networks of regulators govern post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression. A novel class of Argonaute (Ago)‐associated RNA molecules, the agotrons, was recently shown to function in a Drosha‐ and Dicer‐independent manner, hence bypassing the maturation steps required for canonical microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Agotrons are found in most mammals and associate with Ago as ∼100 nucleotide (nt) long RNA species. Here, we speculate on the functional and biological relevance of agotrons: (i) agotrons could serve as non‐promiscuous miRNA‐like regulators with reduced off‐targeting or (ii) agotrons could encompass other putative functions, such as protecting Ago proteins from taking up aberrant short RNAs or by rescuing and stabilizing otherwise unloaded Ago‐proteins from degradation. Collectively, agotrons have emerged as a novel class of interesting non‐coding RNA molecules, but their full functional potential and biological impact still remain to be disclosed.
An artificial TCA cycle selects for efficient α‐ketoglutarate dependent hydroxylase catalysis in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Theodosiou Eleni , Breisch Marina , Julsing Mattijs K. , Falcioni Francesco , Bühler Bruno , Schmid Andreas
Published: March 2017

Amino acid hydroxylases depend directly on the cellular TCA cycle via their cosubstrate α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) and are highly useful for the selective biocatalytic oxyfunctionalization of amino acids. This study evaluates TCA cycle engineering strategies to force and increase α‐KG flux through proline‐4‐hydroxylase (P4H). The genes sucA (α‐KG dehydrogenase E1 subunit) and sucC (succinyl‐CoA synthetase β subunit) were alternately deleted together with aceA (isocitrate lyase) in proline degradation‐deficient Escherichia coli strains (ΔputA) expressing the p4h gene. Whereas, the ΔsucCΔaceAΔputA strain grew in minimal medium in the absence of P4H, relying on the activity of fumarate reductase, growth of the ΔsucAΔaceAΔputA strictly depended on P4H activity, thus coupling growth to proline hydroxylation. P4H restored growth, even when proline was not externally added. However, the reduced succinyl‐CoA pool caused a 27% decrease of the average cell size compared to the wildtype strain. Medium supplementation partially restored the morphology and, in some cases, enhanced proline hydroxylation activity. The specific proline hydroxylation rate doubled when putP, encoding the Na+/l‐proline transporter, was overexpressed in the ΔsucAΔaceAΔputA strain. This is in contrast to wildtype and ΔputA single‐knock out strains, in which α‐KG availability obviously limited proline hydroxylation. Such α‐KG limitation was relieved in the ΔsucAΔaceAΔputA strain. Furthermore, the ΔsucAΔaceAΔputA strain was used to demonstrate an agar plate‐based method for the identification and selection of active α‐KG dependent hydroxylases. This together with the possibility to waive selection pressure and overcome α‐KG limitation in respective hydroxylation processes based on living cells emphasizes the potential of TCA cycle engineering for the productive application of α‐KG dependent hydroxylases. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1511–1520. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc‐fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N‐glycosylation gene expression and N‐linked glycan antennary profile
Authors: Lee Jong Hyun , Jeong Yeong Ran , Kim Yeon‐Gu , Lee Gyun Min
Published: March 2017

To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc‐fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc‐fusion protein productivity (qFc) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc‐fusion protein. The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc‐fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. Expression of 52 N‐glycosylation‐related genes was assessed by the NanoString nCounter system, which provides a direct digital readout using custom‐designed color‐coded probes. After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5‐fold of the control, and all these genes were down‐regulated. N‐linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di‐, tri‐, tetra‐) and tetra‐antennary N‐linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra‐antennary N‐linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N‐glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N‐glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc‐fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N‐glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1721–1732. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modifying CloudSim to accurately simulate interactive services for cloud autoscaling
Authors: Vondra T. , Šedivý J. , Castro J. M.
Published: March 2017

We study the problem of autoscaling in cloud deployments and issues related to autoscaling strategies and their formal evaluation. With this goal, we propose modifications of the CloudAnalyst distribution of CloudSim for improved autoscaler simulations. We extend the CloudSim platform with virtual machine addition/removal at simulation run time as well as more granular load reporting and implement a simple autoscaler simulation. We point out and fix multiple problems in CloudSim job duration computation methods and make it consistent with both theory and reality, improving the relative errors of simulation from as high as 333% to single‐figure percentages. Our main contribution is a formally evaluated autoscaling strategy and improved version of CloudAnalyst capable of realistic evaluations.
Using adaptive runtime filtering to support an event‐based performance analysis
Authors: Stolle Jonas , Wagner Michael , Doleschal Jens , Schmitt Felix , Brunst Holger
Published: March 2017

Event‐based performance monitoring and analysis are effective means when tuning parallel applications for optimal resource usage. In this article, we address the data capacity challenge that arises when applying the tracing methodology to large‐scale parallel applications and long execution times. Existing approaches use static, pre‐defined event filters to reduce the performance data to a manageable size. In contrast, we propose self‐guided filters that automatically adapt to an application's runtime behaviour and therefore, do not require any previous knowledge or application executions. Our contribution consists of four adaptive runtime filters, which target a specific type of data redundancy each. The filters focus on detecting identical events in loop iterations, constant events with no variation in time, and very short, highly frequent, typically not very meaningful events, having a severe impact on the total data volume. We evaluate our prototype implementation with five real‐world applications and achieve a data reduction of two orders of magnitude while increasing execution time less than 1%. Likewise, we show that the qualitative impact of our filters on performance analysis in state‐of‐the‐art analysis tools can be reduced by adding feedback methods and statistical information to the filtered traces. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perfect or Imperfect Duties? Developing a Moral Responsibility Framework for Corporate Sustainability from the Consumer Perspective
Authors: Jung Sojin , Ha‐Brookshire Jung
Published: March 2017

The moral responsibility theory of corporate sustainability argues that the extent of corporations' commitment toward sustainable development depends on how they perceive sustainability within the moral spectrum – from perfect to imperfect duties. This study assessed consumers' perceptions toward corporate sustainability and whether the moral spectrum toward corporate sustainability exists. After reviewing the corporate sustainability reports of 22 consumer product companies considered sustainable, 44 unique sustainable business activities were identified. These activities were then tested by a national sample of 271 US consumers. The results showed that participants perceived working conditions and environmental support activities to be the most important corporate duties (or perfect duties), followed by community development and transparency enhancement activities (or imperfect duties). This study also found differences in perceptions according to participants' demographic characteristics. These findings add knowledge to the area of corporate moral responsibility, and help firms have a clear understanding of consumers' expectations on corporate moral responsibility toward sustainable development. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Utility of touch imprint cytology in the preoperative diagnosis of malignancy in low resource setting
Authors: Adhya Amit Kumar , Mohanty Ranjan
Published: March 2017

Background

Touch imprint cytology (TIC) is a very rapid, cheap, and easy method used for the rapid evaluation of intraoperative specimens and post mortem cases. This study aims to evaluate its utility in preoperative diagnosis of cancer.

Methods

A total of 476 cases of suspected malignancy of different sites and different histological subtypes were studied. TIC was obtained in all the biopsies and the cytological findings were correlated with the corresponding biopsy diagnosis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.

Results

TIC was satisfactory for evaluation with respect to the cellularity and cell morphology in 468 (98.3%) cases. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 96.9, 97.4, 99.1, 91.2, and 97.1%, respectively. The accuracy varied with the site of biopsy. The accuracy for soft tissue lesions was 92% whereas it was 100% for sites like thyroid, anal canal, rectum, and prostate.

Conclusions

TIC is a simple and rapid technique and gives fairly accurate diagnosis while the cost is much less than the traditional histopathological techniques. The presence or absence of malignancy and the exact subtype can be diagnosed reliably making it quiet useful for preoperative cancer diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:507–512. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organic sediment pulses impact rivers across multiple levels of ecological organization
Authors: Aspray Katie L. , Holden Joseph , Ledger Mark E. , Mainstone Chris P. , Brown Lee E.
Published: March 2017

Sedimentation is a pervasive environmental pressure affecting rivers globally. Headwaters draining catchments rich in organic soils (i.e., peat) are particularly vulnerable to enhanced sedimentation caused by land management and environmental change, yet many of the ecological consequences of peat deposition are poorly understood. We conducted a before‐after‐control‐impact experiment in two rivers draining blanket peatland in Northern England to test the effect of sediment inputs on water quality, macroinvertebrate drift, macroinvertebrate community structure, and ecosystem metabolism. Sediment addition increased concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total oxidised nitrogen and suspended sediment concentration in rivers, and intensified the total drift of macroinvertebrates particularly at night. By contrast, the abundance and richness of benthic macroinvertebrates were unaffected, except for declines in Coleoptera abundance in one river. The gross primary production of both rivers was strongly suppressed as the benthos was smothered by sediment. Community respiration also declined, albeit by different extents in the two rivers. Our experiment revealed that short‐term pulses of organic sediment in rivers can have broad effects on water quality and biota, from influences on the dispersal of individual organisms to the modification of ecosystem processes. Organic sediments therefore warrant further examination, to include longer observation periods and more sites. It is particularly important to clarify the extent to which impacts extend from peatland streams into larger rivers downstream. Such studies are necessary to inform global management efforts to restore the integrity of river ecosystems under a range of water and biodiversity policy mechanisms.
Triggering of TLR‐3, ‐4, NOD2, and DC‐SIGN reduces viral replication and increases T‐cell activation capacity of HIV‐infected human dendritic cells
Authors: Cardinaud Sylvain , Urrutia Alejandra , Rouers Angeline , Coulon Pierre‐Grégoire , Kervevan Jérome , Richetta Clémence , Bet Anne , Maze Emmanuel A. , Larsen Martin , Iglesias Maria‐Candela , Appay Victor , Graff‐Dubois Stéphanie , Moris Arnaud
Published: March 2017

A variety of signals influence the capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) to mount potent antiviral cytotoxic T‐cell (CTL) responses. In particular, innate immune sensing by pathogen recognition receptors, such as TLR and C‐type lectines, influences DC biology and affects their susceptibility to HIV infection. Yet, whether the combined effects of PPRs triggering and HIV infection influence HIV‐specific (HS) CTL responses remain enigmatic. Here, we dissect the impact of innate immune sensing by pathogen recognition receptors on DC maturation, HIV infection, and on the quality of HS CTL activation. Remarkably, ligand‐driven triggering of TLR‐3, ‐4, NOD2, and DC‐SIGN, despite reducing viral replication, markedly increased the capacity of infected DCs to stimulate HS CTLs. This was exemplified by the diversity and the quantity of cytokines produced by HS CTLs primed by these DCs. Infecting DCs with viruses harboring members of the APOBEC family of antiviral factors enhanced the antigen‐presenting skills of infected DCs. Our results highlight the tight interplay between innate and adaptive immunity and may help develop innovative immunotherapies against viral infections.
A microstratigraphic reevaluation of the Florisbad spring site, Free State Province, South Africa: Formation processes and paleoenvironment
Authors: Toffolo Michael B. , Brink James S. , van Huyssteen Cornie , Berna Francesco
Published: March 2017

The Florisbad spring site has produced a large collection of fossil bones dating to the Middle Pleistocene and several assemblages of Middle Stone Age (MSA) artifacts. The species featured in the faunal collection define the Florisian Land Mammal Age, characterized mainly by grazing ungulates that reflect an open grassland environment. Early MSA artifacts found within the basal layers represent the earliest evidence of human presence at Florisbad, followed by an intact MSA occupation horizon characterized by stone tools and animal bones, in direct association and primary context. These fossils and artifacts were found embedded within sand and peat layers. Previous studies investigated the genesis of such deposits using field descriptions and bulk sedimentological analyses. However, sediments were never studied within their original context, thus leading to difficulties in determining the formation processes of the deposits. Using a multianalytical micro‐geoarchaeological approach including sediment micromorphology, FTIR and XRD, we were able to show that the site is characterized by alternating aeolian sand layers reworked by lacustrine water during the wet phases of the Pleistocene, and peat layers formed in marshes during dry phases. The results confirm most of the previous paleoenvironmental reconstructions and provide a refined stratigraphic sequence of the site.
Gingival spheroids possess multilineage differentiation potential
Authors: Subbarayan Rajasekaran , Murugan Girija Dinesh , Ranga Rao Suresh
Published: March 2017

Recently studies have demonstrated HGMSCs as ideal candidates for regenerative study. Interestingly we found that HGMSCs derived spheroids are more potent and maintain the properties of stemness convincingly compared to conventional culture methods. During the culture, GMSCs instinctively accumulated into spheroids and display multipotent STRO‐1 and Vimentin‐positive cells. Reduced phenotypic expression of CD73, CD105, and elevated expression STRO‐1 and CD‐34. Pluripotent nature of S‐GMSCs putatively shown the expression of OCT4A, NANOG, SOX‐2, SSEA4, TRA‐1‐60, and TRA‐181. Also, levels of protein are much higher in spheroid than dissociated culture. On endothelial induction, spheroid differentiated and developed a vascular structure with positive expression of CD31 and on neuronal induction showed positivity for TUJ1 and E‐Cadherin. Importantly, undifferentiated state of S‐GMSCs exhibited significant upregulation of aforementioned pluripotent genes and lack of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and amplified ARF signal confirming that the spheroids are not teratoma formation. However, higher of CAP1, CP, TGFβ, OPN, PPARɣ, TUJ1, and NESTIN expression observed in spheroids, and minimal expression of the same markers were observed in adherent GMSCs respectively. Ahead of dissociated gingival culture, spheroid provides enhanced viable, pluripotent, and multilineage ability. This study suggested that S‐GMSCs increased the chances of therapeutic efficacy in the regenerative applications.