bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Liberal Democracy to the Cosmopolitan Canopy
Authors: Van Til Jon
Published: April 2015

Liberalism is that ideology, that worldview, which values, in an ever-evolving set of intelligently intermingled thoughts:  democracy, freedom (liberty), equality (justice), fraternity (solidarity), the pursuit of happiness, pluralism (diversity), and human rights--and explores the ever-open ever-possible futures of their rediscovery and advance. The study of ways in which social movements relate to Third sector/nonprofit or voluntary organizations can be structured, if we choose, as a liberal endeavor.  That is the message I receive from Antonin Wagner’s (2012) telling of the emergence of a field that focuses its study and developmental energies on place of intermediate associational life in modern society, from Adalbert Evers’ efforts to sustain the welfare state in an era of untrammeled capitalism (2013), and from Roger Lohmann’s (1992) comprehensive vision of a social commons capable of assuring the values of liberal society.This paper sets the theory of liberal democracy in a contemporary cosmopolitan context, drawing on case material from Hungary, Northern Ireland,  and the United States.
Absorption of aerosols above clouds from POLDER/PARASOL measurements and estimation of their direct radiative effect
Authors: Peers F. , Waquet F. , Cornet C. , Dubuisson P. , Ducos F. , Goloub P. , Szczap F. , Tanré D. , Thieuleux F.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. This study presents an original method to evaluate key parameters for the estimation of the direct radiative effect (DRE) of aerosol above clouds: the absorption of the the cloud albedo. It is based on multi-angle total and polarized radiances both provided by the A-train satellite instrument POLDER – Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances. The sensitivities brought by each kind of measurements are used in a complementary way. Polarization mostly translates scattering processes and is thus used to estimate scattering aerosol optical thickness and aerosol size. On the other hand, total radiances, together with the scattering properties of aerosols, are used to evaluate the absorption optical thickness of aerosols and cloud optical thickness. The retrieval of aerosol and clouds properties (i.e., aerosol and cloud optical thickness, aerosol single scattering albedo and Ångström exponent) is restricted to homogeneous and optically thick clouds (cloud optical thickness larger than 3). In addition, a procedure has been developed to process the shortwave DRE of aerosols above clouds. Three case studies have been selected: a case of absorbing biomass burning aerosols above clouds over the southeast Atlantic Ocean, a Siberian biomass burning event and a layer of Saharan dust above clouds off the northwest coast of Africa. Besides these case studies, both algorithms have been applied to the southeast Atlantic Ocean and the results have been averaged during August 2006. The mean DRE is found to be 33.5 W m−2 (warming). Finally, the effect of the heterogeneity of clouds has been investigated and reveals that it affects mostly the retrieval of the cloud optical thickness and not greatly the aerosols properties. The homogenous cloud assumption used in both the properties retrieval and the DRE processing leads to a slight underestimation of the DRE.
AS FRONTEIRAS DA CIÊNCIA
Authors: Zétola Viviane Flumignan
Published: April 2015

Revistas locais de universidades ou serviços têm como objetivo, além de divulgar ciência, estimular educação e disseminar a “arte” de publicar. A medicina tem como uma das bases do conhecimento a experiência. E essa experiência relatada se transforma em aquisição de conhecimento e embasa novas testagens e hipóteses. Fazer do médico um relator é oferecer a arma que ele precisa para observar, estudar, comparar e questionar. Abre-se nesse momento uma das fronteiras da ciência. Estudos multicêntricos, duplo-cegos, placebo controlados com “n” expressivo requerem parcerias e sustentabilidade que vão além das capacidades atuais de nossas universidades, públicas ou privadas, e entram em um universo que objetiva um resultado mercadológico, outra fronteira da ciência.Ciência pode ser feita em diversas realidades. Relatos de casos, por exemplo, tem levado a descrição e definição de novas doenças, síndromes, complicações terapêuticas de efeitos colaterais e efeitos benéficos desconhecidos de agentes farmacológicos. Relato de caso obviamente não substitui a necessidade do entendimento de um desenho de pesquisa, de estratégias estatísticas de resultados, mas quando corretamente descrito pode ser usado como uma estratégia específica de treinamento de novos autores para desenvolver a técnica de fazer ciência. Relatos de casos também podem servir como grande ferramenta educacional e ensinamento efetivo para um estudante a partir da análise crítica de um atendimento e oferecer as ferramentas necessárias, passo a passo, para tomada de decisões diagnósticas ou terapêuticas. Estamos abertos a publicar e estimular as suas observações. O impacto dependerá de sua habilidade crescente em dar qualidade ao seu pensamento científico.Esse é o editorial que remete a missão de nossa revista.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Carvalho Maurício
Published: April 2015

Prezados leitores,É com muita satisfação que apresentamos o segundo número da Revista Médica da UFPR. Este número, assim como o primeiro, é resultado de um esforço conjunto. Cabe, em primeiro lugar, um agradecimento especial aos autores dos artigos aqui exibidos. Sem o esforço despendido por eles não seria possível a concretização de mais uma edição da revista. Além disso, é resultado do esforço e do diálogo da equipe de editores e revisores.Os temas desta edição incluem três artigos originais: perfil das vítimas de trauma torácico em Pronto-Socorro; estudo da composição corporal em pacientes com doença renal crônica; e um trabalho sobre laqueadura tubária como causa de infertilidade. Além de dois relatos de casos, um sobre uma doença relativamente comum (lúpus eritematoso sistêmico) com manifestação inicial rara (ascite) e outro sobre uma doença multissistêmica, a histiocitose de células de Langherhans. Gostaríamos também de chamar a atenção para um Journal Club realizado no Departamento de Clínica Médica sobre vitamina D e mortalidade, publicada há poucos dias no British Journal of Medicine. Esta metanálise tem como um dos coautores a professora Cristina P. Baena, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica, que participou da discussão e também assina o artigo de revisão sobre metanálise como fonte de evidência padrão-ouro.Boa leitura,Os Editores.
PERFIL DOS PACIENTES VÍTIMAS DE TRAUMA TORÁCICO ATENDIDOS NO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO EVANGÉLICO DE CURITIBA (HUEC)
Authors: Naufel Junior Carlos Roberto , Talini Carolina , Barbier Neto Lydio
Published: April 2015

Introdução: O trauma torácico cursa frequentemente com alterações na dinâmica respiratória e circulatória. A maioria dos traumas torácicos é tratada com drenagem pleural e somente 15-30% necessitarão de toracotomia. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil dos pacientes vítimas de trauma torácico. Metodologia: Analisados 98 prontuários entre Janeiro e Dezembro de 2011, com acometimento torácico que necessitou de drenagem pleural para seu tratamento. Resultados: Oitenta e dois pacientes eram homens e 16 mulheres. A idade média de 36,9 ± 16 anos (variando entre 9 e 83 anos). Quarenta e três (43,8%) foram vítimas de trauma penetrante e 55 (56,2%) de trauma fechado. Quinze pacientes apresentaram hemotórax, 23 pneumotórax e 55 hemopneumotórax. Sessenta e oito pacientes (69,4%) sofreram lesões associadas ao trauma torácico. A permanência com dreno foi de 7 ± 6,2 dias. O volume drenado imediatamente foi 401 mL (variando entre 50 e 1050 ml). Em 12 casos foi realizada toracotomia. Setenta (71,4%) pacientes foram submetidos à antibioticoterapia, por 4,6 ± 6,9 dias. Vinte e sete receberam cuidados em unidade de terapia intensiva, por 10,3 ± 7,9 dias. O tempo médio de internamento foi 9,3 ± 8,4 dias (variando entre 1 e 48 dias). Trinta e um (31,6%) pacientes apresentaram complicações e 17 (17,3%) foram a óbito. Conclusão: Homens com idade entre 15 e 29 anos foram os mais acometidos, submetidos à drenagem pleural por trauma fechado, mais frequentemente associado a hemopneumotórax. A baixa incidência de toracotomia neste estudo confirma a drenagem como tratamento preferencial dos traumas torácicos em nosso meio.
COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE PACIENTES COM DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA EM TRATAMENTO CONSERVADOR
Authors: Schieferdecker Maria Eliana , Leite Christiane Mesquita , Nascimento Marcelo Mazza do
Published: April 2015

Introdução: A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) caracteriza-se pela presença de lesão no parênquima renal e perda progressiva e irreversível das funções do rim. O estado nutricional é um importante preditor de prognóstico na DRC, inclusive na fase pré-diálise, o que ressalta a importância de estudos direcionados a avaliação da composição corporal desta população. Objetivo: Verificar a composição corporal em pacientes com DRC em tratamento conservador; bem como a associação da medida do ângulo de fase, com outros parâmetros nutricionais utilizados na prática clínica. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo observacional realizado no Ambulatório de Nefrologia do Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR, entre os meses de abril a julho do ano de 2011. A amostra foi composta de indivíduos com diagnóstico de doença renal crônica (DRC). Foi realizada avaliação nutricional por meio de antropometria, avaliação subjetiva global (ASG) e bioimpedância elétrica (BIA). Resultados: Foram avaliados 32 pacientes. Verificou-se correlação significativa e positiva entre o AF com a %MLG e com IMME (r=0,4541 e p=0,009; r=0,5064 e p=0,003). O ângulo de fase foi significativamente menor em pacientes desnutridos classificados pela ASG (p=0,01). Verificou-se uma correlação positiva e significativa entre CA e PCR (r=0,4053 e p=0,0262). Conclusão: Nesta casuística, os dados antropométricos indicaram sobrepeso, obesidade e acúmulo de gordura corporal. O AF parece identificar alterações de composição corporal que antecedem alterações de parâmetros antropométricos. Pode-se verificar que a ASG pode ser uma ferramenta adequada na avaliação nutricional desta população.
LAQUEADURA TUBÁRIA COMO CAUSA DE INFERTILIDADE – AVALIAÇÃO EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: De Magalhães Francisco Beraldi , Oliveira Gleyse Maria Rubio , Osaku Leonardo Yoshida , De Andrade Rosires Pereira
Published: April 2015

Introdução: A laqueadura tubária é um método definitivo de contracepção, utilizado por um quarto das mulheres brasileiras. Nos ambulatórios de infertilidade conjugal com certa frequência, são atendidas pacientes que solicitam a reversão cirúrgica da laqueadura, por diferentes razões. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de consultas por essa causa, as características sócio-demográficas dessas mulheres e as razões que as levam a pedir reversão do procedimento. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo analisando os prontuários médicos das mulheres que consultaram nos últimos cinco anos no ambulatório de anticoncepção/infertilidade do Hospital de Clínicas. Resultados: Foram analisados 2.767 prontuários. Destes, 237 pacientes (8,5%) consultaram por infertilidade, sendo 30 pacientes (12,66%) com pedido de reversão da laqueadura tubária. A média de idade era de 33,8 anos, enquanto a de seus parceiros era de 34 anos. Possuíam filhos em uniões anteriores 90% das mulheres. 56% dos filhos eram criados pela própria paciente e o restante dividia-se entre guarda compartilhada, isolada do ex-parceiro ou de parentes da paciente. Com relação ao parceiro, 30,4% possuíam filhos em outras uniões, sendo que em todos os casos os filhos eram criados pela ex-parceira. Os principais motivos para desejar a reversão do procedimento foram arrependimento e desejo de mais filhos (96,1%) e o parceiro desejar ter filhos (76,9%). Conclusão: Pela possibilidade de separação e de novos relacionamentos, além do arrependimento, sugere-se que em mulheres com até 30 anos de idade a orientação deva ser direcionada para métodos contraceptivos reversíveis.
ASCITE CRÔNICA COMO MANIFESTAÇÃO INICIAL DO LÚPUS ERITEMATOSO SISTÊMICO (LES)
Authors: Azevedo Valderílio Feijó , Kleinfelder Alais Daiane Fadini , Galli Natália Bassalobre
Published: April 2015

O caso clínico de uma mulher de 23 anos, com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, que desenvolveu peritonite crônica e ascite como sua primeira manifestação clínica é descrito. Os principais achados que levaram ao diagnóstico foram plenitude e dor abdominal, hérnia umbilical e ascite. Houve boa resposta ao tratamento com prednisona e hidroxicloroquina.
NÍVEIS DE VITAMINA D E SUA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO EM RELAÇÃO AO RISCO DE MORTE POR CAUSA ESPECÍFICA: DISCUSSÃO E RESUMO DE UMA METANÁLISE E REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA RECENTEMENTE PUBLICADA
Authors: Dos Santos Felipe Dunin , Baena Cristina Pelegrino , Kulak Carolina Aguiar Moreira , Carmes Eliane , Magalhães Francisco Luis Gomide Mafra , Frandoloso Gibran Avelino , Pachaly Maria Aparecida , Carvalho Maurício
Published: April 2015

Existem duas formas de vitamina D: vitamina D2 (ergocalciferol) e vitamina D3 (colecalciferol).  A suplementação de vitamina D melhora condições ósseas como raquitismo, diminui a incidência de fraturas e quedas. Postula-se que essa reposição de vitamina D poderia também reduzir os riscos de desenvolvimento de várias doenças, como esclerose múltipla, doenças autoimunes e infecções. Apesar do grande número de estudos, os benefícios do uso da vitamina D na população em geral permanecem controversos. Propõe-se a discussão de artigo de revisão e metanálise que contempla a relação dos níveis séricos de vitamina D e sua suplementação com associação de risco de morte
INJÚRIA RENAL AGUDA: ESTUDO DE 179 CASOS INTERNADOS NO HOSPITAL DE CLÍNICAS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ (UFPR)
Authors: Fornazari Bruna , Sevignani Gabriela , Ribas Gustavo Da Cunha , Nascimento Marcelo Mazza , Chula Domingos Candiota
Published: April 2015

Introdução: a injúria renal aguda (IRA) é caracterizada por um declínio súbito da filtração glomerular e é uma complicação frequente em pacientes internados em hospitais terciários. Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a epidemiologia, as principais etiologias e a evolução dos pacientes com IRA atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR (HC/UFPR). Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo por meio de análise de prontuários dos casos de IRA definidos conforme a classificação AKIN, atendidos no HC/UFPR entre janeiro e dezembro de 2010. Resultados: foram avaliados 179 pacientes com média de idade de 57.3 anos. Entre estes, 98 (55%) tiveram diagnóstico presumido de IRA intrínseca, 72 (40%) lesão pré-renal e 9 (5%) causa pós-renal. De acordo com a classificação AKIN, 36 doentes atingiram o estágio 1 (20.1%), 38 o estágio 2 (21.3%) e 105 o estágio 3 (58.6%) no momento do diagnóstico sendo que 45% dos pacientes foram submetidos à terapia de substituição renal (TSR).  A duração média da TSR foi de 10,9 dias e mortalidade atingiu 38,5% e cerca de 15 % deles permaneceram em TSR após a alta. A mortalidade foi significativamente maior entre os pacientes dialíticos comparada aos não dialíticos (26% vs 12%, p<0.0001). Conclusões: a IRA intrínseca foi a principal causa de IRA entre esses pacientes. Observou-se uma maior mortalidade em indivíduos que necessitaram de TSR, principalmente os classificados como AKIN 2 e 3. Dessa forma, o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoce, da IRA, parece ser uma estratégia importante no manejo de pacientes com IRA em um hospital terciário.
TROMBÓLISE EM TROMBOEMBOLISMO PULMONAR DE RISCO INTERMEDIÁRIO
Authors: Scavasine Valéria Cristina , Michiellin Fernando , Dallazen Anderson Roberto , Marques Gustavo Lenci , Carvalho Maurício
Published: April 2015

Tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) submaciço caracteriza-se por disfunção ventricular direita ou elevação de marcadores de necrose miocárdica em pacientes normotensos. A melhor terapêutica para esses casos permanece controversa. Há evidências recentes na literatura apontando para o benefício da terapia com fibrinolítico em pacientes com baixo risco de sangramento. Apresentamos o caso de uma jovem de 17 anos com TEP submaciço, submetida a trombólise com alteplase, com excelente evolução clínica.
FERIDAS SUPERFICIAIS: FATORES TÉCNICOS ASSOCIADOS A COMPLICAÇÕES LOCAIS
Authors: Clivatti Gustavo Moreira , Cavichiolo Felipe Augusto , Teles Fernando Bordin , Nasr Adonis
Published: April 2015

Introdução: O trauma é um grave problema de saúde pública com relevantes consequências sociais e econômicas. As feridas cutâneas traumáticas, apesar de menor gravidade, não fogem esta regra, pois além da grande prevalência em atendimentos emergenciais, suas vítimas, não raro, necessitam de afastamento de suas funções. Este estudo objetiva avaliar o atendimento inicial dessas feridas, estabelecendo correlações entre fatores técnicos empregados e resultado cicatricial não desejado ou presença de complicações locais. Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise prospectiva, longitudinal, observacional e analítica. Os dados foram coletados no Hospital do Trabalhador (Curitiba/PR) através de dois questionários: o primeiro no atendimento inicial no pronto socorro, e o segundo no retorno ambulatorial em 05 a 11 dias. Resultados: Foram avaliados 232 pacientes, com seguimento ambulatorial de 87. Do total da amostra, a maioria foi de homens (81,5%) com idade média de 38,5 anos. Quanto aos ferimentos, 55% foram corto-contusos, localizados em mãos e face (62,7%), e 86,7% menores do que 6,0 cm. O manejo inicial realizado foi limpeza com soro fisiológico (94,7%), sutura com ponto simples (98,85%), em número menor ou igual a 06 (75,7%), utilizando fio de nylon (98,25%) de tamanho 3-0 e 4-0 (85,2%). Antibioticoterapia foi prescrita para 42,7% dos pacientes. No retorno, observou-se deiscência de pontos em 13,80%, sinais de infecção em 14,95% e necrose em 19,5%. Conclusão: Maior quantidade de pontos na sutura, uso de substâncias tópicas domiciliares e antibioticoterapia apresentaram possível correlação com altas taxas de necrose, assim como aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio com altas taxas de infecção.
DIA MUNDIAL DO RIM
Authors: Kirsztajn Gianna Mastroianni
Published: April 2015

O "World Kidney Day" surgiu em 2006, graças a uma iniciativa conjunta da "International Society of Nephrology" (ISN) e da "International Federation of Kidney Foundations" (IFKF).O "World Kidney Day" procura conscientizar a todos sobre a importância dos rins para a saúde geral e reduzir a frequência e impacto da doença renal e problemas de saúde a ela associados em todo o mundo.O "World Kidney Day" tem sido um guia para nefrologistas, suas sociedades e associações, em todo o globo, fornecendo uma série de orientações aos interessados em seu próprio "site" (http://www.worldkidneyday.com) - o que fazer, que aspectos enfatizar, que atividades desenvolver- e disponibilizando informativos e modelos de materiais, que podem ser integralmente reproduzidos, com a manutenção da sua marca.A cada ano um tema principal é lançado, como descrito na tabela que se segue, e retratam os alvos dessa iniciativa.
L’évaluation du fait criminel : entre soins et sanctions
Authors: Meunier1 Frédéric , Ravit Magali
Published: April 2015

L’évaluation, dont les méthodologies singulières impliquent une standardisation et une objectivation suffisantes, est une pratique qui prend une coloration particulière lorsqu’elle est appliquée au champ criminel. Elle oblige à appréhender le fait criminel selon des catégories extrapolables amenuisant d’une part le champ relationnel et obturant d’autre part la lecture psychodynamique du passage à l’acte. Si l’intérêt scientifique de cette réduction est évident, puisqu’il permet la comparaison et les statistiques, l’intérêt casuistique est nettement plus faible. Il permet de définir pour un individu l’appartenance à une catégorie déterminée, mais la prédiction du risque demeure une probabilité lorsqu’elle s’applique à lui. Alors que l’acte violent et sa prise en charge ne peuvent aujourd’hui s’interroger en dehors des logiques qui tendent vers une obligation de résultat, l’évaluation fait-elle partie intégrante du soin et de la sanction ou répond-elle à une demande sociale ? Nous formulons l’hypothèse qu’au-delà de l’ambiguïté sur la finalité des soins « psy », tels qu’ils sont perçus par les cliniciens, et tels qu’ils leurs sont assignés par la société, il existe une confusion entre les objectifs et les moyens. Si on confie à la psychiatrie un rôle dans la défense sociale, ce ne serait pas parce qu’on la pense efficace pour réduire le risque de réitération, ou simplement le prédire, mais (surtout) du fait des moyens coercitifs qu’elle peut développer – parfois en s’affranchissant de la sanction.
The coordinated action of the MVB pathway and autophagy ensures cell survival during starvation
Authors: Müller Martin , Schmidt Oliver , Angelova Mihaela , Faserl Klaus , Weys Sabine , Kremser Leopold , Pfaffenwimmer Thaddäus , Dalik Thomas , Kraft Claudine , Trajanoski Zlatko , Lindner Herbert , Teis David
Published: April 2015

The degradation and recycling of cellular components is essential for cell growth and survival. Here we show how selective and non-selective lysosomal protein degradation pathways cooperate to ensure cell survival upon nutrient limitation. A quantitative analysis of starvation-induced proteome remodeling in yeast reveals comprehensive changes already in the first three hours. In this period, many different integral plasma membrane proteins undergo endocytosis and degradation in vacuoles via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. Their degradation becomes essential to maintain critical amino acids levels that uphold protein synthesis early during starvation. This promotes cellular adaptation, including the de novo synthesis of vacuolar hydrolases to boost the vacuolar catabolic activity. This order of events primes vacuoles for the efficient degradation of bulk cytoplasm via autophagy. Hence, a catabolic cascade including the coordinated action of the MVB pathway and autophagy is essential to enter quiescence to survive extended periods of nutrient limitation.
Origin of transient self‐potential signals associated with very long period seismic pulses observed during the 2000 activity of Miyakejima volcano
Authors: Kuwano Osamu , Yoshida Shingo , Nakatani Masao , Uyeshima Makoto
Published: April 2015

Origin of the previously reported transient geoelectrical (self‐potential, SP) signals in the Miyakejima 2000 activity, that repeatedly occurred concurrently with very long period (VLP) seismic pulses, was investigated. SP waveforms stacked across repeated VLP events showed a step‐like rise followed by a gradual decay at all stations spread over the island of 8 km diameter. Within a realistic range of hydrological diffusivity, the short time constants of the SP signals cannot be explained by the electrokinetic effect caused by fluid flow within a limited volume, proposed earlier as a fluid injection hypothesis. On the other hand, poroelasticity predicts an island‐wide distributed flow field to occur almost instantaneously upon VLP events due to the step of strain field imposed by the mechanical event. We propose that the observed SP signals resulted from the streaming current by this island‐wide flow field. Our quantitative model, assuming a vertical tensile crack as a mechanical source, which has been suggested by preceding seismic studies, can explain the time constants and the amplitude of the SP signals (both spatial pattern and absolute amplitude), within a reasonable range of rock properties and the scalar moment of the mechanical source (VLP event). Location and attitude of the mechanical source were well constrained by grid search and are consistent with those estimated earlier from other types of data.
Dynamic Behavior of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Foams With Patterned Microstructure
Authors: Lattanzi Ludovica , Thevamaran Ramathasan , De Nardo Luigi , Daraio Chiara
Published: April 2015

We present the design, fabrication, and dynamic characterization of micropatterned vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) foams. The foamsʼ synthesis combines photolithographic techniques with chemical vapor deposition to create materials with an effective density up to five times lower than that of bulk VACNT foams. The dynamic response of these lightweight materials is characterized by performing impact tests at different strain rates. Results show that the dynamic stress–strain behavior of the micropatterned foams is governed by the patternsʼ geometry and has negligible dependence on their bulk density. The energy absorption of the micropatterned foams is higher than most other energy absorbing materials, such as honeycombs, foams, and composites of comparable density. Highly organized CNT microstructures can be employed as lightweight material for protective applications.
Nanowire Interconnects for Printed Large‐Area Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Guo Fei , Kubis Peter , Przybilla Thomas , Spiecker Erdmann , Hollmann Andre , Langner Stefan , Forberich Karen , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: April 2015

Semitransparent organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells promise applications in various transparent architectures where their opaque counterparts cannot contribute. Realizing practical applications of this technology requires the manufacturing of large‐area modules without significant performance loss compared to the lab‐scale devices. In this work, efficient semitransparent OPV modules based on ultrafast laser patterning on both glass and flexible substrates are reported. Solution‐processed metallic silver nanowires (AgNWs) are used as transparent top electrodes. The efficient low‐ohmic contact of the interconnects between the top AgNWs and the bottom electrode in combination with high‐precision laser beam positioning system allow to fabricate semitransparent modules with high electrical fill factor of ≈63% and a remarkable geometric fill factor exceeding 95%, respectively. These results represent an important progress toward upscaling of high‐performance OPV modules with reduced production costs.
Reversible Multivalent (Monovalent, Divalent, Trivalent) Ion Insertion in Open Framework Materials
Authors: Wang Richard Y. , Shyam Badri , Stone Kevin H. , Weker Johanna Nelson , Pasta Mauro , Lee Hyun‐Wook , Toney Michael F. , Cui Yi
Published: April 2015

The reversible electrochemical insertion of multivalent ions into materials has promising applications in many fields, including batteries, seawater desalination, element purification, and wastewater treatment. However, finding materials that allow for the insertion of multivalent ions with fast kinetics and stable cycling has proven difficult because of strong electrostatic interactions between the highly charged insertion ions and atoms in the host framework. Here, an open framework nanomaterial, copper hexacyanoferrate, in the Prussian Blue family is presented that allows for the reversible insertion of a wide variety of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent ions (such as Rb+, Pb2+, Al3+, and Y3+) in aqueous solution beyond that achieved in previous studies. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate the unprecedented kinetics of multivalent ion insertion associated with this material. Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction experiments point toward a novel vacancy‐mediated ion insertion mechanism that reduces electrostatic repulsion and helps to facilitate the observed rapid ion insertion. The results suggest a new approach to multi­valent ion insertion that may help to advance the understanding of this complex phenomenon.
Studies on Thermoelectric Properties of n‐type Polycrystalline SnSe1‐xSx by Iodine Doping
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chere Eyob Kebede , Sun Jingying , Cao Feng , Dahal Keshab , Chen Shuo , Chen Gang , Ren Zhifeng
Published: April 2015

Iodine‐doped n‐type SnSe polycrystalline by melting and hot pressing is prepared. The prepared material is anisotropic with a peak ZT of ≈0.8 at about 773 K measured along the hot pressing direction. This is the first report on thermoelectric properties of n‐type Sn chalcogenide alloys. With increasing content of iodine, the carrier concentration changed from 2.3 × 1017 cm−3 (p‐type) to 5.0 × 1015 cm−3 (n‐type) then to 2.0 × 1017 cm−3 (n‐type). The decent ZT is mainly attributed to the intrinsically low thermal conductivity due to the high anharmonicity of the chemical bonds like those in p‐type SnSe. By alloying with 10 at% SnS, even lower thermal conductivity and an enhanced Seebeck coefficient were achieved, leading to an increased ZT of ≈1.0 at about 773 K measured also along the hot pressing direction.
Emissive Nanoclusters Based on Subnanometer‐Sized Au38 Cores for Boosting the Performance of Inverted Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Lim Dong Chan , Seo Bo Yeol , Nho Sungho , Kim Dae Han , Hong Eun Mi , Lee Joo Yul , Park Sun‐Young , Lee Chang‐Lyoul , Kim Young Dok , Cho Shinuk
Published: April 2015

In spite of the successful enhancement of the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the incorporation of several tens of nanometer‐sized (25–50 nm) metal nanoparticles (NPs) has some limitations to further enhancing the PCE due to concerns related to possibly transferring nonradiative energy and disturbing the interface morphology. Instead of tens of nanometer‐sized metal NPs, here, dodecanethiol stabilized Au nanoclusters (Au:SR, R = the tail of thiolate) with sub‐nm‐sized Au38 cores are incorporated on inverted BHJ solar cells. Although metal NPs less than 5 nm in size do not show any scattering or electric field enhancement of incident light by SPR effects, the incorporation of emissive Au:SR nanoclusters provides effects that are quite similar to those of tens of nanometer‐sized plasmonic metal NPs. Due to effective energy transfer, based on the protoplasmonic fluorescence of Au:SR, the highest performing solar cells fabricated with Au:SR clusters yield a PCE of 9.15%; this value represents an ≈20% increase in the efficiency compared to solar cells without Au:SR nanoclusters.
A multiobjective optimization framework for design of integrated biorefineries under uncertainty
Authors: Geraili Aryan , Romagnoli Jose A.
Published: April 2015

A systematic approach for development of a reliable optimization framework to address the optimal design of integrated biorefineries in the face of uncertainty is presented. In the current formulation, a distributed strategy which is composed of different layers including strategic optimization, risk management, detailed mechanistic modeling, and operational level optimization is applied. In the strategic model, a multiobjective stochastic optimization approach is utilized to incorporate the tradeoffs between the cost and the financial risk. Then, Aspen Plus models are built to provide detailed simulation of biorefineries. In the final layer, an evolutionary algorithm is employed to optimize the operating condition. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework, a hypothetical case study referring to a multiproduct lignocellulosic biorefinery is utilized. The numerical results reveal the efficacy of the proposed approach; it provides decision makers with a quantitative analysis to determine the optimum capacity plan and operating conditions of the biorefinery. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3208–3222, 2015
Clinical spectrum of eye malformations in four patients with Mowat–Wilson syndrome
Authors: Bourchany A. , Giurgea I. , Thevenon J. , Goldenberg A. , Morin G. , Bremond‐Gignac D. , Paillot C. , Lafontaine P. O. , Thouvenin D. , Massy J. , Duncombe A. , Thauvin‐Robinet C. , Masurel‐Paulet A. , Chehadeh S. El , Huet F. , Bron A. , Creuzot‐Garcher C. , Lyonnet S. , Faivre L.
Published: April 2015

Mowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by a specific facial gestalt, intellectual deficiency, Hirschsprung disease and multiple congenital anomalies. Heterozygous mutations or deletions in the zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox2 gene (ZEB2) cause MWS. ZEB2 encodes for Smad‐interacting protein 1, a transcriptional co‐repressor involved in TGF‐beta and BMP pathways and is strongly expressed in early stages of development in mice. Eye abnormalities have rarely been described in patients with this syndrome. Herein, we describe four patients (two males and two females; mean age 7 years) with MWS and eye malformations. Ocular anomalies included, iris/retinal colobomas, atrophy or absence of the optic nerve, hyphema, and deep refraction troubles, sometimes with severe visual consequences. All eye malformations were asymmetric and often unilateral and all eye segments were affected, similarly to the nine MWS cases with ophthalmological malformations previously reported (iris/chorioretinal/optic disc coloboma, optic nerve atrophy, retinal epithelium atrophy, cataract, and korectopia). In human embryo, ZEB2 is expressed in lens and neural retina. Using the present report and data from the literature, we set out to determine whether or not the presence of eye manifestations could be due to specific type or location of mutations. We concluded that the presence of eye malformations, although a rare feature in MWS, should be considered as a part of the clinical spectrum of the condition. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A pure familial 6q15q21 split duplication associated with obesity and transmitted with partial reduction
Authors: Landais Emilie , Leroy Camille , Kleinfinger Pascale , Brunet Stéphanie , Koubi Valérie , Pietrement Christine , Poli‐Mérol Marie‐Laurence , Fiquet Caroline , Souchon Pierre‐François , Beri Mylène , Jonveaux Philippe , Garnotel Roselyne , Gaillard Dominique , Doco‐Fenzy Martine
Published: April 2015

Familial transmission of chromosome 6 duplications is rare. We report on the first observation of a maternally‐inherited pure segmental 6q duplication split into two segments, 6q15q16.3 and 6q16.3q21, and associated with obesity. Obesity has previously been correlated to chromosome 6 q‐arm deletion but has not yet been assessed in duplications. The aim of this study was to characterize the structure of these intrachromosomal insertional translocations by classic cytogenetic banding, array‐CGH, FISH, M‐banding and genotyping using microsatellites and SNP array analysis, in a mother and four offspring. The duplicated 6q segments, 9.75 Mb (dup 1) and 7.05 Mb (dup 2) in size in the mother, were inserted distally into two distinct chromosome 6q regions. They were transmitted to four offspring. A son and a daughter inherited the two unbalanced insertions and displayed, like the mother, an abnormal phenotype with facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and morbid obesity. Curiously, two daughters with a normal phenotype inherited only the smaller segment, 6q16.3q21. The abnormal phenotype was associated with the larger proximal 6q15q16.3 duplication. We hypothesize a mechanism for this exceptional phenomenon of recurrent reduction and transmission of the duplication during meiosis in a family. We expect the interpretation of our findings to be useful for genetic counseling and for understanding the mechanisms underlying these large segmental 6q duplications and their evolution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methadone use in a male with the FMRI premutation and FXTAS
Authors: Muzar Zukhrofi , Lozano Reymundo , Schneider Andrea , Adams Patrick E. , Faradz Sultana M.H. , Tassone Flora , Hagerman Randi J.
Published: April 2015

The fragile X‐associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is caused by the premutation in FMR1 gene. Recent reports of environmental toxins appear to worsen the progression of FXTAS. Here we present a case of male adult with FXTAS and a long history of methadone use. The patient shows a faster progression in both symptoms of disease and MRI changes compared to what is typically seen in FXTAS. There has been no research regarding the role of narcotics in onset, progression, and severity of FXTAS symptoms. However, research has shown that narcotics can have a negative impact on several neurodegenerative diseases, and we hypothesize that in this particular case, methadone may have contributed to a faster progression of FXTAS as well as exacerbating white matter disease through RNA toxicity seen in premutation carriers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tetrasomy 18p: Report of cognitive and behavioral characteristics
Authors: O'Donnell Louise , Soileau Bridgette T. , Sebold Courtney , Gelfond Jonathan , Hale Daniel E. , Cody Jannine D.
Published: April 2015

Our purpose was to describe intellectual and behavioral characteristics of persons with tetrasomy 18p. This is a more detailed investigation into the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of our previously reported tetrasomy 18p cohort of 43 plus six additional participants. We evaluated the intellectual functioning using standard measures of cognitive ability, measures of executive functioning, adaptive and maladaptive behaviors. Intellectual abilities ranged from mild impairment/borderline normal to severe/profound impairment calling into question the assumption that severe cognitive limitation is always a feature of tetrasomy 18p. For persons with tetrasomy 18p with mild cognitive deficits, the main barriers to successful functioning stems from limited social and metacognitive skill development and behavior regulation problems rather than being solely determined by cognitive deficits alone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical characterization of a male patient with the recently described 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome
Authors: Quintela Ines , Barros Francisco , Castro‐Gago Manuel , Carracedo Angel , Eiris Jesus
Published: April 2015

The 8q21.11 microdeletion syndrome (OMIM # 614230) has been recently described and is primarily characterized by intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism. We describe here a male patient of 9 years 9 months of age with moderate intellectual disability and dysmorphic facial features. A high resolution copy number variation analysis, performed with the Affymetrix Cytogenetics Whole‐Genome 2.7 M SNP array, allowed the identification of a heterozygous 7.069 Mb microdeletion at chromosome 8q21.11–q21.13. Clinical comparison of our patient with literature shows many similarities. However, the whole facial appearance of our patient, especially the elongated rather than rounded face and the absence of a wide nasal bridge and epicanthal folds, confers him a phenotype similar only to a subset, but not to the majority, of the hitherto described patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children with 7q11.23 duplication syndrome: Psychological characteristics
Authors: Mervis Carolyn B. , Klein‐Tasman Bonita P. , Huffman Myra J. , Velleman Shelley L. , Pitts C. Holley , Henderson Danielle R. , Woodruff‐Borden Janet , Morris Colleen A. , Osborne Lucy R.
Published: April 2015

To begin to delineate the psychological characteristics associated with classic 7q11.23 duplication syndrome (duplication of the classic Williams syndrome region; hereafter classic Dup7), we tested 63 children with classic Dup7 aged 4–17 years. Sixteen toddlers aged 18–45 months with classic Dup7 and 12 adults identified by cascade testing also were assessed. For the child group, median General Conceptual Ability (similar to IQ) on the Differential Ability Scales‐II was 85.0 (low average), with a range from severe disability to high average ability. Median reading and mathematics achievement standard scores were at the low average to average level, with a range from severe impairment to high average or superior ability. Adaptive behavior was considerably more limited; median Scales of Independent Behavior—Revised Broad Independence standard score was 62.0 (mild impairment), with a range from severe adaptive impairment to average adaptive ability. Anxiety disorders were common, with 50.0% of children diagnosed with Social Phobia, 29.0% with Selective Mutism, 12.9% with Separation Anxiety Disorder, and 53.2% with Specific Phobia. In addition, 35.5% were diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and 24.2% with Oppositional Defiant Disorder or Disruptive Behavior Disorder‐Not Otherwise Specified. 33.3% of the children screened positive for a possible Autism Spectrum Disorder and 82.3% were diagnosed with Speech Sound Disorder. We compare these findings to previously reported results for children with Williams syndrome and argue that genotype/phenotype studies involving the Williams syndrome region offer important opportunities to understand the contribution of genes in this region to common disorders affecting the general population. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Refining the regulatory region upstream of SOX9 associated with 46,XX testicular disorders of Sex Development (DSD)
Authors: Hyon Capucine , Chantot‐Bastaraud Sandra , Harbuz Radu , Bhouri Rakia , Perrot Nicolas , Peycelon Matthieu , Sibony Mathilde , Rojo Sandra , Piguel Xavier , Bilan Frederic , Gilbert‐Dussardier Brigitte , Kitzis Alain , McElreavey Ken , Siffroi Jean‐Pierre , Bashamboo Anu
Published: April 2015

Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting gonad and/or genito‐urinary tract development and usually the endocrine‐reproductive system. A genetic diagnosis is made in only around 20% of these cases. The genetic causes of 46,XX‐SRY negative testicular DSD as well as ovotesticular DSD are poorly defined. Duplications involving a region located ∼600 kb upstream of SOX9, a key gene in testis development, were reported in several cases of 46,XX DSD. Recent studies have narrowed this region down to a 78 kb interval that is duplicated or deleted respectively in 46,XX or 46,XY DSD. We identified three phenotypically normal patients presenting with azoospermia and 46,XX testicular DSD. Two brothers carried a 83.8 kb duplication located ∼600 kb upstream of SOX9 that overlapped with the previously reported rearrangements. This duplication refines the minimal region associated with 46,XX‐SRY negative DSD to a 40.7–41.9 kb element located ∼600 kb upstream of SOX9. Predicted enhancer elements and evolutionary‐conserved binding sites for proteins known to be involved in testis determination are located within this region. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Full‐length Numt analysis provides evidence for hybridization between the Asian colobine genera Trachypithecus and Semnopithecus
Authors: Wang Boshi , Zhou Xuming , Shi Fanglei , Liu Zhijin , Roos Christian , Garber Paul A. , Li Ming , Pan Huijuan
Published: April 2015

The phylogenetic position of the genus Semnopithecusis unresolved because of topological incongruence when inferred using different molecular markers. Although some studies proposed hybridization between the genera Semnopithecus and Trachypithecus to explain the discordance, no conclusive evidence for hybridization has been identified. To address this issue, we used DNA walking and long‐range PCR to describe a nuclear mitochondrial DNA (Numt) segment present in Trachypithecus pileatus which extends over more than 15 kb, and represents approximately 92% of the entire mitochondrial genome. We assessed the presence of this Numt in 16 other colobine species, including four species of the genus Trachypithecus, six species of the genus Semnopithecus, and representative species of six other genera belonging to the subfamily Colobinae. We failed to detect a Numt sequence in any of the other colobine species except for T. shortridgei, which is closely related to T. pileatus. The sister relationship of this Numt within the genus Semnopithecus suggests that it was derived from the mt genome of the genus Semnopithecus and invaded the nuclear genome of T. pileatus by unidirectional introgression hybridization. These results offer the most conclusive evidence for the existence of hybridization between Semnopithecus and Trachypithecus. Am. J. Primatol. 77:901–910, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Boundary‐dominant flower blooming simulation
Authors: Li Jianfang , Liu Min , Xu Weiwei , Liang Haiyi , Liu Ligang
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a new physics‐based simulation method for flower blossom, which is based on biological observations that flower opening is usually driven by a boundary‐dominant morphological transition in a curved petal. We use an elastic triangular mesh representing a flower petal and adopt in‐plane expansion to induce global bending. Out‐of‐plane curl plays an auxiliary role in reducing the curvatures of cross‐sections. We also propose to adapt semi‐implicit Euler time integrator for fast simulation results, which has intrinsic damping and at least one order precision. Our system allows users to control the blossoming process by simply specifying a growth curve, which is easy to design because of the boundary‐dominant property. Experimental results show that our physics‐based system runs faster and generates more realistic and convincing blossom results than the existing simulation methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrin alpha is important for rear polarization of the microtubule organizing center during migration and spindle pole assembly during division of neointimal smooth muscle cells
Authors: Silverman‐Gavrila Rosalind V. , Silverman‐Gavrila Lorelei B. , Bilal Khawaja Hasan , Bendeck Michelle P.
Published: April 2015

Directed migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the media to the intima and their subsequent proliferation are key events in atherosclerosis as these cells contribute to the bulk and stability of atheromatous plaques. We showed previously that two cytoskeleton‐associated proteins, RHAMM and ARPC5, play important roles in rear polarization of the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC), directed migration, and in maintaining cell division fidelity. These proteins were analyzed to predict additional potential interacting partners using the bioinformatics programs BLAST, ClustalW, and PPI Spider. We identified spectrin alpha, a protein with a known role in actin polymerization as part of the pathway. We show that in migrating SMCs spectrin alpha localizes at the nodes of the actin net, and it partially colocalizes with RHAMM in the perinuclear region. In dividing SMCs spectrin alpha is present at spindle poles and midbody. Moreover, we show that spectrin alpha and RHAMM interact in a complex. Using siRNA to knockdown spectrin disrupted SMC migration, MTOC polarization, and the assembly of a polygonal actin net dorsolateral of the nucleus. Spectrin alpha knockdown also disrupted the organization of the bipolar spindle, chromosome division, and cytokinesis during cell division. The identification of interacting partners such as spectrin alpha and the decoding of pathways involved in polarity regulation during the migration of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis is important for identifying atherosclerosis biomarkers and developing therapeutic agents to block atherosclerotic plaque formation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.