bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S.V.Rachmaninov and his circle on the Southern Coast of Crimea: new pages of the history of Russian musical culture of the late XIX – early XX century.
Authors: Karagodin Andrey Vasil'evich , Petrova Mariya Mikhailovna
Published: June 2024

The subject of the study is the personal history of the outstanding Russian composer S.V. Rachmaninov and other representatives of the national musical culture of the late XIX – early XX century in the historical space of the Southern coast of Crimea. The literature has repeatedly suggested that composers and musicians played a significant role in the formation of the "cultural landscape" of the Crimea of the late XIX – early XX century. However, as the authors of the article have seen studying the history of country resorts formed on the Southern Coast at the beginning of the XX century, there are still a lot of "white spots" on this "historical and cultural map". The elimination of these gaps makes it possible to fill in both the history of the Southern Coast of Crimea and biographical information about cultural actors. With the help of complex work with historical sources – documents from the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea, reference and bio-bibliographic literature, ego documents (memoirs, correspondence), including ones that have been poorly introduced into historiographical circulation, the history of S.V. Rachmaninov's stay on the Southern Coast of Crimea is reconstructed, his visits are placed in the context of the historical space in flux. The circumstances of S.V. Rachmaninov's stay on the Southern Coast of Crimea in the late XIX – early XX century have been clarified or re-established, and related historical monuments and places in Simeiz, Mishor and Yalta have been identified. The reconstructed pages of life and creative activity on the Southern Coast of Crimea by S.V. Rachmaninov, M.A. Stankevich (Golostenova), F.I. Chaliapin and their circle of colleagues, relatives, friends and acquaintances from among the creative intelligentsia, South Coast summerfolk, patrons and patrons of cultural life undoubtedly complement the picture of a rich cultural life in the historical space of the Southern Coast Crimea in the late XIX – early XX century, contributing to understanding Crimea as a important place of "historical memory" of Russia.
The problem of countering political extremism in the Russian Federation in the early 1990s.
Authors: Volgin Evgeny Igorevich
Published: June 2024

The collapse of the USSR marked the collapse of the former state order. The former Soviet republics faced such destructive phenomena that seemed simply unthinkable in the conditions of the former socialist way of life. Associations and groupings became sharply active in the political arena, the participants of which expressed aggressive hostility to the changes taking place in the country. The purpose of this article is to use various materials (normative legal acts and draft laws, periodicals, statistical data, Internet resources, as well as research literature) on the basis of a comprehensive use of various materials to identify the main problems and contradictions of the state policy aimed at countering political extremism in the first post-Soviet years. The subject of the study is a holistic political and legal process aimed at the development and adoption of adequate anti-extremist legislation.  For the most complete disclosure of the problem posed, problem-chronological, formal-legal, institutional and systemic approaches were used. The scientific novelty of the research lies in an attempt to comprehend the state-legal policy aimed at combating various forms of political, national and religious radicalism as an integral and, at the same time, extremely contradictory strategy, which was implemented in the context of the crisis situation in the country. The acquired knowledge will allow us to better understand the changes that have occurred in the understanding of political extremism at the state and legal level in subsequent years. The formation of anti-extremist legislation in post-Soviet Russia was complicated by the confrontation in which all branches of government were involved. Even after overcoming the "crisis of dual power" and the adoption of a new Constitution, the Russian state was in a state of division, which made it difficult to develop and adopt a law on combating extremism. In the mid-1990s, the opinion prevailed in the socio-political discourse about the increased threat from radical nationalist (fascist) formations with the dangerous inaction of law enforcement agencies. These attitudes influenced the President and Parliament, who were the main subjects of the legislative initiative. Excessive politicization of the legislative process made it significantly difficult to develop adequate solutions. The situation was exploited by radicals who continued their illegal activities unhindered. Thus, the problem of countering political extremism did not lose its relevance in the second half of the 1990s and can serve as a subject for further study.
At the origins of the system of extracurricular activities in technical universities in Russia. Extracurricular work with students of the Navigation School in 1701-1705.
Authors: Kleitman Aleksandr Leonidovich , Savka Olga Gennad'evna
Published: June 2024

The subject of the study is the initial stage of the history of the School of Mathematical and Navigation Sciences as one of the first Russian secular technical educational institutions. Attention is focused on those aspects of the formation of the School that had not previously been the subject of special research by historians. Based on the complex of documents of the Armory Chamber identified and introduced into scientific circulation, it is analyzed which disciplinary and offenses the first students of the school committed and why. Analyzing the specific court proceedings conducted in the Armory Chamber on the fact of these violations, the authors show how extracurricular and educational work with students was organized. The role of Leonty Magnitsky, an outstanding Russian scientist, mathematician, author of the first fundamental work on arithmetic, in organizing educational work with navigation students, is being clarified.   The research was carried out using traditional methods for historical research, special attention was paid to the identification and introduction into scientific circulation of clerical sources on the chosen topic. As the study showed, the students of the School of Mathematical and Navigation Sciences came from various estates and regions of the Russian state. Once in Moscow, many of them found themselves in a social environment that was not familiar to them, faced temptations that were difficult for them to resist. In this regard, the teachers of the School, and first of all Leonty Magnitsky, paid great attention to educational work among students. An active group of schoolchildren was formed, who, on the instructions of teachers, monitored the behavior of their comrades. For the revealed violations, the perpetrators were severely punished in public. Extracurricular work contributed to the formation of a unified system of values, instilling interest in learning, instilling discipline, and eliminating vices among students. It has become an important factor in achieving the main goal for which the School was established: to train navigation specialists necessary to create a navy in Russia in the shortest possible time.
Neuroprotective effects of g-Aminobutyric acid-enriched germinated riceberry extract in cerebral ischemic reperfusion-induced cognitive impairment mice
Authors: Tantipaiboonwong Payungsak , Pintha Komsak , Kangwan Napapan , DejMann DejMann , Riyamongkhol Prathakphong , Preedapirom Jeefoo Watcharaporn
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of riceberry (RB) and germinated riceberry (GRB) extracts on cognitive impairment induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Our findings indicate that the germination process reduces total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity, accompanied by a decline in antioxidant activity. However, the enriched γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content significantly increased in the GRB extract, reaching an 11.55-fold higher concentration than the RB extract. Male ICR mice were used in this study and received RB (500 mg/kg BW) or GRB (250 and 500 mg/kg BW) extracts for 28 days, with cerebral IR injury induced on day 21. Memory and learning were assessed using the Morris water maze on days 22–27 and novel object recognition on day 28. Both RB and GRB extracts improved spatial and recognition memory while reducing hippocampal malondialdehyde levels, indicating decreased oxidative stress. GRB demonstrated superior effects, displaying accelerated learning responses and enhanced retention of spatial memory. The study highlights the potential of GRB, attributed to its high GABA content, in mitigating cognitive impairment induced by cerebral IR injury. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and optimize therapeutic applications.
Flux dynamics of C-5 amino acid precursors in fed-batch cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus during clavulanic acid biosynthesis
Authors: Gómez-Gaona Luisa María , Ramírez-Malule Howard , Gómez-Ríos David
Published: June 2024

Clavulanic acid (CA) is a well-known β-lactamase inhibitor that is mainly obtained from submerged cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus. Dynamic genome-scale in silico studies were performed to gain insights into the intracellular metabolic fluxes of C-5 precursors during the cultivation of wild-type S. clavuligerus in batch and fed-batch operation. A preliminary literature screening was conducted for media selection and determination of culture conditions for further cultivation in a 5-L bioreactor. Simulations provided insights into the metabolism of C-5 precursors in CA biosynthesis. In addition, carbon utilization for CA biosynthesis was assessed in terms of the ratio of total carbon used in CA biosynthesis to the total carbon influx in batch and feed media. Based on simulation results, we proposed a modification of the glycerol-sucrose-proline-glutamate medium for fed-batch cultivation to improve the carbon utilization for CA biosynthesis. The proposed fed-batch scenario achieved higher specific CA concentration at lower biomass production, indicating better carbon utilization for its synthesis. The dynamic in silico fluxes suggests that metabolic fluxes in this scenario would be stable, favoring a longer stage of continued antibiotic secretion.
A genome-wide association study implicates the olfactory system in Drosophila melanogaster diapause-associated lifespan extension and fecundity
Authors: Easwaran Sreesankar , Montell Denise J.
Published: June 2024

The effects of environmental stress on animal life are gaining importance with climate change. Diapause is a dormancy program that occurs in response to an adverse environment, followed by resumption of development and reproduction upon the return of favorable conditions. Diapause is a complex trait, so we leveraged the
Drosophila
genetic reference panel (DGRP) lines and conducted a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to characterize the genetic basis of diapause. We assessed post-diapause and non-diapause fecundity across all DGRP lines. GWAS revealed 546 genetic variants, encompassing single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions associated with post-diapause fecundity. We identified 291 candidate diapause-associated genes, 40 of which had previously been associated with diapause. 89 of the candidates were associated with more than one SNP. Gene network analysis indicated that the diapause-associated genes were primarily linked to neuronal and reproductive system development. Similarly, comparison with results from other fly GWAS revealed the greatest overlap with olfactory-behavior-associated and fecundity-and-lifespan-associated genes. An RNAi screen of the top candidates identified two neuronal genes, Dip-
γ
and Scribbler, to be required during recovery for post-diapause fecundity. We complemented the genetic analysis with a test of which neurons are required for successful diapause. We found that although amputation of the antenna had little to no effect on non-diapause lifespan, it reduced diapause lifespan and postdiapause fecundity. We further show that olfactory receptor neurons and temperature-sensing neurons are required for successful recovery from diapause. Our results provide insights into the molecular, cellular, and genetic basis of adult reproductive diapause in Drosophila.
Association between Cord Blood Haematocrit and Neonatal Outcome among Neonates of Diabetic Mothers: A Cohort Study
Authors: Cherukattil Arshad Ali , Sunilkumar Menon Narayanankutty
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The perinatal mortality rate of Neonates of Diabetic Mothers (NDMs) over the years showed a reducing trend. Polycythaemia is common in NDMs, and such neonates have a risk of hyperviscosity, renal vein thrombosis, cardiac failure, metabolic abnormalities, and necrotising enterocolitis. Aim: To assess the association between cord blood haematocrit and neonatal outcomes among NDMs. Materials and Methods:The present study was a cohort study that included 130 neonates, which was conducted at Amala Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Thrissur, Kerala, India, from December 2019 to June 2021. The primary inclusion criteria were singleton neonates of Gestational Diabetic Mothers (GDM) (diabetes detected after 20 weeks of gestation) and Overt Diabetes Mellitus (ODM) defined under White’s classification (known to be diabetic before the onset of pregnancy or detected in the initial visits). The parameters assessed were the frequency of distribution of hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, and hyperbilirubinemia among the neonates of DM. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test. Results: Among the 130 neonates, the majority of the mothers had GDM 111 (85.4%) than ODM 19 (14.6%). The majority were delivered by normal vaginal delivery 67 (51.5%). 10 (7.7%) of NDMs had a birth weight > 4000 g. Significant associations were noted between cord Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and the presence of hypoglycaemia (p-value=0.003), hypocalcaemia (p-value=0.0001), and Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) (p-value=0.0001) among NDMs. Conclusion: Hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypocalcaemia were common complications noted in NDMs.
RESPEITO A SI E AOS OUTROS:
Authors: Santos Romualdo José dos , Bordignon Talita Francieli
Published: June 2024

Neste texto estão relatadas as experiências de construção e execução do projeto pedagógico interdisciplinar intitulado “O respeito a si e aos outros”. Articulando as disciplinas de Ciências e História, foram abordados os temas da desigualdade e violência de gênero. Trata-se de um projeto de intervenção na realidade que foi desenvolvido junto a estudantes da Educação Básica de uma escola pública localizada na periferia de uma cidade no interior de São Paulo. As atividades propostas tiveram como objetivo a reflexão para a construção de um raciocínio complexo, a fim de privilegiar a cultura da não violência. Sob o ponto de vista de uma perspectiva crítica, nos propusemos a contribuir com a educação enquanto estratégia de transformação social.
ANÁLISE DOS FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS PARA A SELEÇÃO DE ÁREAS PRIORITÁRIAS PARA CONSERVAÇÃO
Authors: Carrion Mayara de Oliveira , Toppa Rogério Hartung , Kawakubo Fernando Shinji , Morato Rúbia Gomes , Martines Marcos Roberto
Published: June 2024

A fragmentação da Mata Atlântica representa uma ameaça à biodiversidade característica desse bioma. A Ecologia da Paisagem, com auxílio dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica e do Sensoriamento Remoto, utiliza dados espaciais para caracterizar as condições atuais dos fragmentos florestais através de medidas que quantificam e avaliam a paisagem. Este estudo analisa os remanescentes de Mata Atlântica do município de Indaiatuba-SP utilizando as métricas de área, área núcleo e distância ao vizinho mais próximo para a geração de um indicador de prioridade para conservação como forma de subsidiar o processo de tomada de decisão referente ao planejamento e adoção de medidas conservacionistas. Foram mapeados 887 fragmentos, o que corresponde a 10,56% do território estudado. As métricas expuseram que 85,46% dos fragmentos possuem até 5 ha, além da ausência de área núcleo em 51,41% dos remanescentes, enquanto que 72,83% estão até 39 metros de outra mancha. O indicador de prioridade apontou três fragmentos de muito alta relevância para conservação. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam um alto nível de fragmentação e uma baixa cobertura florestal na maioria das sub-bacias do município, reforçando a necessidade de que o conjunto dos remanescentes seja alvo de ações de planejamento ambiental.
Effect of Gibbrellic Acid, Kinetin and Potassium Nitrate on Seed Germination of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady
Authors: Rani Mahak , Singh Gurdeep , Singh Navdeep , Kumar Dinesh
Published: June 2024

Seed germination is the most important aspect for raising the nursery for successful seedling production of papaya. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda (Punjab) during 2023 to evaluate the impact of different pre-soaking chemicals on seed germination and vigour of papaya seedling. The experiment was laid out Randomized block design with three replications and included ten different treatments., namely T1 (Control- double distilled water), T2 (GA3 @ 50 ppm), T3 (GA3 @ 100 ppm), T4 (GA3 @ 200 ppm), T5 (Kinetin @ 25 ppm), T6 (Kinetin @ 50 ppm), T7 (Kinetin @ 75 ppm), T8 (KNO3 @ 500 ppm), T9 (KNO3 @ 1000 ppm), T10 (KNO3 @ 1500 ppm), were soaked for 24 hours. The seeds were sown in a blend of sand, soil and vermiculite with a ratio of 2:1:1 and maintained under controlled polyhouse condition. Among the treatments, T3 (GA3 @100 ppm) demonstrated the most rapid seed germination, highest percentage of germination (56.20) and maximum survival percentage (53.44) and the T4 (GA3 @ 200 ppm) resulted in the lowest days to first emergence of seedling (3.66), maximum plant height (32.33), maximum number of leaves (8.66) and highest girth of seedling (5.86) at 60 days after sowing. In Conclusion, the most effective approach for enhancing seed germination in papaya involved pre-treating the seeds with GA3 @ 200 ppm in var. Red lady.
Awareness and Challenges Faced by Farmers in Marketing Agricultural Produce through the e-National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)
Authors: Kumar Rohtash , Jhajharia Arvind Kumar , Rohila A. K. , Rajpurohit Tribhuwan Singh , Shubham  , Kumar Sandeep , Choudhary Naseeb
Published: June 2024

Present study is based on awareness and constraints perceived by the farmers about application process of e-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) in Sriganganagar district of Rajasthan. Total of 10 villages were selected for the selection of respondents from both mandis. A number of ten farmers were selected from each village and therefore, total of 100 farmers were selected from both mandis. To find out the most significant awareness and constraints which influence in adoption of e-NAM. The frequency, mean percent score, weighted mean score and Garret ranking were used to identify awareness and constraints. The majority of respondents exhibited a medium level of awareness about the e-NAM scheme. The result revealed that management of perishable produce especially storage in mandi is the foremost constraint in adoption of e-NAM from farmer side. The farmers known very well about e-NAM scheme but they know very little about the marketing system and other features of e-NAM.
In-vitro Anti-bacterial Activity of Methanol and Aqueous Crude Extracts of Horsfieldia iryaghedhi
Authors: Rajapaksha RMHKK , Fernando EMN , Bandara AWMKK , Nelumdeniya NRM , Silva ARN
Published: June 2024

Aims: Over the past two decades, the rise of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria has posed a significant threat to global health. The urgent need for new treatment alternatives has brought attention to the potential of plants, which harbor a wealth of unexplored phytochemicals with therapeutic properties. This study aims to evaluate the anti-bacterial efficacy of methanol and aqueous extracts from the leaves and bark of Horsfieldia iryaghedhi In vitro.
Methodology: Aqueous and methanol extracts were obtained from the cold maceration method. In vitro anti-bacterial activity of methanol and aqueous leaf, bark, and combination extracts were determined against gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922) and gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923). The anti-bacterial assay for different concentrations of each extract was conducted through the well-diffusion method, with Gentamycin serving as the positive control.
Results: Methanol leaf and combination extracts of Horsfieldia iryaghedhi have shown a positive anti-bacterial response at their highest concentrations of 1000µg/mL and 500µg/mL against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus while none of the extracts showed anti-bacterial activity against gram-negative E. coli at the experimented concentrations.
Conclusion: The study concludes that methanol extracts of H.iryaghedhi should be further analyzed for their anti-bacterial activity, and there could be potential lead molecules that can be developed as antibiotics.
Unveiling Dieulafoy’s Lesion: A Case Report on Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Caused by Dieulafoy’s Lesion
Authors: R Prasad Praveena , U Ahalya , S Dharan Shaiju , L Drishya , Dharman Dhanya
Published: June 2024

Dieulafoy’s lesion is a rare entity, mostly found in stomach (53%), followed by the duodenum or jejunum (33%) and lastly colon or rectum (13%). Although relatively infrequent, Dieulafoy’s lesion indicates an important etiology of acute gastrointestinal bleeding because of its predisposition to cause massive, life-threatening and recurrent bleeding. We report a female patient with clinical presentation of hematemesis and melena for 2 day’s duration.
Expression Profiling of MSP1 Gene Involved in Mega-gametophyte Development in Ploidy Series of Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.)
Authors: Choudhary Girija , Dwivedi K.K. , Dwivedi L.K. , Priyadarsini Parichita , Kaushal P. , Choudhary Rakesh , Rana Maneet , Anuragi H. , Batham Anurag
Published: June 2024

Hybrid seeds are playing important role in increasing agricultural production. However, process of hybrid seed development involves high cost for most of the major crops. Under such situation apomixis can play crucial role in creation of one-time hybrid and maintain it for multiple generations. Apomixis and polyploidy are interrelated with each other and expression of apomixis completely relies on polyploidy. Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) provides ideal system for research on apomixis and polyploidy because of its extensive diversity in morphological, cytological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics. The experiment was carried out in the eight-ploidy series i.e. 3x, 4x, 5x, 6x, 7x, 8x, 9x, 11x and one obligate sexual Guinea grass genotype  SRP75. Considering role of MSP1 gene in apomeiosis, its expression was studied in guinea grass at three developmental stages of spikelet viz., pre-meiotic, meiotic and post-meiotic. Findings of this study highlight the complex regulation of MSP-1 expression during different developmental stages and across various ploidy levels in guinea grass. At pre-meiotic stage, except 4x, downregulation pattern of MSP1 was observed in all the ploidy levels. But opposite was observed in the post-meiotic stage.
Challenges Confronted by the Muga (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) Farmers in Adoption of the Scientific Practices in Sonitpur District of Assam, India
Authors: Saikia Dipankar , Saikia Dababrata , Rabha Pulak , Saikia Monimala , Borah Debajit
Published: June 2024

The investigation was conducted in the year 2020-21 at Sonitpur district of Assam with a sample size of 120 muga silkworm rearers. The study revealed that major problems faced by the mugarearers are lack of self-awareness or interest on adoption of technology, lack of glamour, lack of own land, adverse climatic condition, non-availability of storage facilities for cocoons, lack of adequate knowledge regarding cultivation practices of host plants and rearing practices of muga, non-availability of regulated cocoon market, non-availability of own vehicle and delay in getting loan.
Covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase onto chemically activated surface of poly(vinyl chloride) membranes for 6‐penicillic acid production from penicillin hydrolysis process I. Optimization of surface modification and its characterization
Authors: Eldin M. S. Mohy , El Enshasy H. A. , El Sayed M. , El Sayed S. , Haroun B. , Hassan E. A.
Published: December 2011

The covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase (PGA) onto the surface of NH2–poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes was studied. PGA was chosen because it plays a relevant role in the pharmaceutical industry, catalyzing the production of an important intermediate for the industrial production of semisynthetic penicillin and cephalosporine. Because PVC has no functional groups in its structure, in this work, we focused on the functionalization of PVC with primary amine functional groups for the covalent immobilization of PGA. This goal was achieved through an aminoalkylation process of the surface of the PVC membranes with ethylene diamine followed by activation with glutaraldehyde to finally immobilize the enzyme. Different factors affecting the modification and activation processes were studied, and their impacts on the catalytic activity of the immobilized PGA were followed. The functionalized membranes were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy to verify the modification process. In addition, the changes resulting from the modification in physical characteristics, such as surface roughness, water uptake, and mechanical properties, were monitored. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis, characterization, and photochemical properties of chromophores containing photoresponsive azobenzene and stilbene
Authors: Yang Po‐Chih , Wang Yi‐Hui , Wu Hung
Published: December 2011

In this article, we describe the synthesis of two azobenzene and two stilbene‐based diacetylene chromophores containing terminal electron‐donating (OCH3) and electron‐withdrawing (NO2) terminal groups with esterification reactions. The target compounds were characterized by NMR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopies. We investigated the structural effects of these photochromic compounds on the E–Z photoisomerization and 1,4‐addition under UV irradiation. 4‐[(4‐Nitrophenyl)‐diazenyl]phenyl pentacosa‐10,12‐diynoate, incorporating the electron‐withdrawing nitro group (NO2), underwent the fastest rate of Z‐to‐E isomerization in darkness via a rotation mechanism. Our results demonstrate that self‐assembled azobenzene Z isomers exhibited enhanced fluorescence under UV irradiation. XRD spectroscopy identified bilayer packing by the polydiacetylene films after 1,4‐addition. Chromophores comprising the diacetylene group presented moderate photochromic stability upon 1,4‐addition, changing from their original yellowish color to form a blue phase. These synthesized compounds may be useful in the development of new and unique functional materials that exhibit bistable photochromism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Nanomodified fillers in chloroprene‐rubber‐compatibilized natural rubber/acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber blends
Authors: Thomas Shaji P. , Mathew E. J. , Marykutty C. V.
Published: December 2011

Because of the structural dissimilarity, natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) are immiscible, and compatibilizers are used during their blending. Neoprene or chloroprene rubber (CR) has a polar chlorine part and a nonpolar hydrocarbon part. Also, it has many advantageous properties, such as oil resistance, toughness, a dynamic flex life, and adhesion capacity. Hence, it is not less scientific to use CR as a compatibilizer in the blending of NBR with NR. Because many fewer studies on the use of neoprene as a compatibilizer in NR–NBR blend preparation are available, efforts were made to prepare 20:80 NR–NBR blends with CR with the aim of studying the effect of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐coated nano calcium silicate along with nano N‐benzylimine aminothioformamide and stearic acid coated nano zinc oxide in the sulfur vulcanization of the blends. The optimum dosage of the compatibilizer was derived by the determination of the tensile properties, tear resistance, abrasion resistance, compressions set, and swelling values. The tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance of the gum vulcanizates of the blend were improved by the compatibilizing action of CR up to 5 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr). In the case of the filled vulcanizates, the tear resistance, 300% modulus, hardness, and abrasion resistance increased with increasing dosage of nano calcium silicate. The elongation at break percentage decreased as expected when there was an increase in the modulus. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the phase morphology of the blends. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Iodolactonization: Synthesis, Stereocontrol, and Compatibility Studies
Authors: Oderinde Martins S. , Hunter Howard N. , Bremner Stacy W. , Organ Michael G.
Published: December 2011

Generalized iodolactonization conditions have been developed for the formation of both cis‐ and trans‐γ‐lactones from 3‐pentenoic acid derivatives containing various protected alcohol moieties. Kinetic control of the reaction using iodine and base at 0 °C for 6 h provided the cis‐lactone with good selectivity (75:25), and thermodynamic control at room temperature for 24 h provided the trans‐lactone with excellent selectivity (98:2).
Joint analyses of disease and correlated quantitative phenotypes using next‐generation sequencing data
Authors: Melton Phillip E. , Pankratz Nathan
Published: December 2011

The joint analysis of multiple disease phenotypes aims to increase statistical power and potentially identify pleiotropic genes involved in the biological development of common chronic diseases. As next‐generation sequencing data become more common, it will be important to consider ways to maximize the ability to detect rare variants within the human genome. The two exome sequence data sets provided for analysis at Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 (GAW17) offered three quantitative phenotypes related to disease status in 200 simulated replicates for both families and unrelated individuals. Participants in Group 10 addressed the challenges and potential uses of next‐generation sequencing data to identify causal variants through a broad range of statistical methods. These methods included investigating multiple phenotypes either through data reduction or joint methods, using family or unrelated individuals, and reducing the dimensionality inherent in these data. Most of the research teams regarded the use of multiple phenotypes as a means of increasing analytical power and as a way to clarify the biology of complex disease. Three major observations were gleaned from these Group 10 contributions. First, family and unrelated case‐control samples are suited to finding different types of variants. In addition, collapsing either phenotypes or genotypes can reduce the dimensionality of the data and alleviate some of the problems of multiple testing. Finally, we were able to demonstrate in certain cases that performing a joint analysis of disease status and a quantitative trait can improve statistical power. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:S67–S73, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interventional radiology at the meetings of the German Radiological Society from 1998 to 2008: evaluation of structural changes and radiation issues
Authors: Lemburg Stefan P. , Roggenland Daniela , Nicolas Volkmar , Heyer Christoph M.
Published: December 2011

Objectives

Evaluation of structural changes and the weight given to radiation exposure of interventional radiology (IR) contributions at the Congress of the German Radiological Association from 1998 to 2008.

Methods

All IR abstracts were evaluated for type of contribution, design, imaging modality, and anatomic region. Weight given to radiation exposure was recorded as general statement, main topic and/or dose reduction. Statistical analysis included calculation of absolute/relative proportions of subgroups and ANOVA regression analyses.

Results

Out of 9,436 abstracts, 1,728 (18%) were IR-related. IR abstracts significantly rose to a maximum of 200 (20%) in 2005 (P = 0.048). While absolute numbers of scientific contributions declined, educational contributions significantly increased (P = 0.003). Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were the main IR imaging modalities, with growing use of CT (P = 0.021). The main body regions were vessels (45%) and abdomen (31%). Radiation exposure was addressed as a general statement in 3% of abstracts, as a main topic in 2%, and for dose reduction in 1%, respectively. During the study interval a significant growth of dose reduction abstracts was observed (P = 0.016).

Conclusions

IR emerged as a growing specialty of radiology, with a significant increase in educational contributions. Radiation exposure was rarely in the focus of interest but contributions relating to dose reduction demonstrated a significant growth during the study period.

Main Messages

Interventional radiology emerged as a growing specialty at the German radiological congress.

Significant increments of educational and prospective research contributions could be observed.

Despite a significant trend towards computed tomography, radiation exposure of IR was rarely in the focus of interest.

Contributions related to dose reduction demonstrated a significant growth during the study period.
ON LEVI’S THEOREM FOR LEIBNIZ ALGEBRAS
Authors: BARNES DONALD W.
Published: December 2011

A Lie algebra over a field of characteristic 0 splits over its soluble radical and all complements are conjugate. I show that the splitting theorem extends to Leibniz algebras but that the conjugacy theorem does not.
Sur la concentration de certaines fonctions additives – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: DE LA BRETÈCHE R. , TENENBAUM G.
Published: December 2011

Suite à une remarque de Dimitris Koukoulopoulos, que nous prenons plaisir à remercier ici, nous modifions légèrement l'énoncé et la démonstration du Corollaire 1.4, de façon à justifier la remarque (ii).
Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes Toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study
Authors: Beard Courtney , Weisberg Risa B. , Primack Jennifer
Published: December 2011

Background:Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is a novel treatment for anxiety disorders that utilizes computerized tasks to train attention and interpretation biases away from threat. To date, attitudes toward and acceptability of CBM have not been systematically examined.Method:We conducted qualitative interviews with 10 anxious primary care patients to examine attitudes toward and initial impressions of CBM. Interviews explored general impressions, as well as reactions to the treatment rationale and two computer programs, one targeting attention bias and one targeting interpretation bias. Three clinical psychologists independently coded transcripts and collaboratively developed categories and themes guided by grounded theory.Results:A number of facilitators and barriers emerged related to engaging in treatment in general, computerized treatment, and CBM specifically. Participants stated that the written rationale for CBM seemed relevant and helpful. However, after interacting with the attention modification program, participants frequently expressed a lack of understanding about how the program would help with anxiety. Participants reported greater understanding and engagement with the interpretation modification program.Conclusions:Participants reported a number of positive characteristics of CBM, but it may need improvements regarding its treatment rationale and credibility. Future qualitative studies with individuals who complete a CBM treatment are warranted. Implications for future CBM development and dissemination are discussed.
Dynamics of suspended colloidal particles near a wall: Implications for interfacial particle velocimetry
Authors: Yoda M. , Kazoe Y.
Published: December 2011

Interfacial transport due to surface forces is significant in many microfluidic devices with their relatively large surface areas and small volumes. Recently, velocimetry methods where evanescent waves illuminate fluorescent particles less than 1 μm in radius have been used to obtain fluid velocities within 500 nm or less of the wall. This review considers some of the phenomena affecting the dynamics of suspended colloidal particles near a wall. The measurement of interfacial flow velocities using such particles as tracers, illustrated by studies of Poiseuille and electrokinetically driven flows, is then discussed.
Measurements accounting for the impediment of ion spin-up in rotating magnetic field driven field reversed configurations
Authors: Deards C. L. , Hoffman A. L. , Steinhauer L. C.
Published: December 2011

Improved vacuum hygiene, wall conditioning, and reduced recycling in the rotating magnetic field (RMF) driven translation, confinement, and sustainment–upgrade (TCSU) field reversed configuration experiment have made possible a more accurate assessment of the forces affecting ion spin-up. This issue is critical in plasmas sustained by RMFs, such as TCSU since ion spin-up can substantially reduce or cancel the RMF current drive effect. Several diagnostics are brought to bear, including a 3-axis translatable magnetic probe allowing the first experimental measurement of the end shorting effect. These results show that the ion rotation is determined by a balance between electron-ion friction, the end shorting effect, and ion drag against neutrals.
Filamentation instability of current-driven dust ion-acoustic waves in a collisional dusty plasma
Authors: Niknam A. R. , Haghtalab T. , Khorashadizadeh S. M.
Published: December 2011

A theoretical investigation has been made of the dust ion-acoustic filamentation instability in an unmagnetized current-driven dusty plasma by using the Lorentz transformation formulas. The effect of collision between the charged particles with neutrals and their thermal motion on this instability is considered. Developing the filamentation instability of the current-driven dust ion-acoustic wave allows us to determine the period and the establishment time of the filamentation structure and threshold for instability development.
IR-spectroscopy of ethanol formed by recondensation from a nitrogen cryomatrix
Authors: Drobyshev A. , Aldiyarov A.
Published: December 2011

The processes of formation and the properties of ethanol recondensates, formed from a nitrogen cryomatrix during its evaporation, are investigated. Ethanol molecules create matrix-isolated polyagregates due to co-condensation with nitrogen. The matrix evaporation at 35 K is accompanied by recondensation of ethanol from the matrix onto a substrate. This leads to a formation of a highly-dispersive film (recondensate) consisting of agregates of different size including dimers and monomers. IR-spectroscopic investigations of recondensed samples were performed. The condensation temperature was Tc = 12 K. The gas phase pressure in the cryodeposition process was P = 10–5 Torr. The ethanol concentration in nitrogen was from 0.5 to 10%. The film thickness was varied from 1 to 30 μm. The spectral range of measurements was 400–4200 cm–1. From a comparative analysis of oscillatory spectra of samples of ethanol cryocondensates, matrix-isolated ethanol in a nitrogen cryomatrix and ethanol recondensates, we concluded that both polyagregates located previously in a matrix and recondensed onto a substrate are in a glass state. A film heating near the glass point of ethanol (97 K) leads to transitions, which take place in a few steps at different temperatures. Such a character of a warming-up curve is explained by a highly-dispersive composition of recondensates and by a dependence of the glass point of polyagregates on their size. The character of warming-up curves of recondensates allows to speak about grouping of elements of recondensates by their size. In other words, in the process of recondensation and possible further coalescence, polyagregates with preferential sizes, which are energetically optimal for these conditions, are formed. In the considered case it is reasonable to speak about existence of three such sets, involved sequentially in a glass transition.
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of phase separation behavior of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
Authors: Fukushima Tatsuya , Kimura Hironobu , Shimahara Yurie , Kaji Hironori
Published: December 2011

The origin of the improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) by the thermal annealing of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (rrP3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), is analyzed via solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 1H spin-lattice relaxation experiments of solid-state NMR clearly reveal that the phase-separated heterojunction structure develops on the order of several tens of nanometers in rrP3HT/PCBM blend films with thermal annealing at 150 °C. The development of the phase-separated structure explains the increase in the PCE for the solar cell system from 0.7% to nearly 3% through the thermal annealing.
Confocal volume in laser Raman microscopy depth profiling
Authors: Maruyama Yutaka , Kanematsu Wataru
Published: December 2011

To clarify the degradation of confocality in laser Raman microscopy depth profiling (optical sectioning) and the influence of pinhole filtering on it, we investigate the confocal volume in detail based on Gaussian beam optics and scalar wave optics. Theoretical depth profiles of a homogeneous transparent sample for four different pinhole sizes, which are computed using the measured incident beam waist radius w0 and only a few optical system specific parameters such as a numerical aperture (NA) and a focal length, show a good agreement with the corresponding measured depth profiles. The computed confocal volume demonstrates that the pinhole size affects the actual probe depth as well as the axial resolution and the total intensity loss.
New approximate method to solve the Schrödinger equation with a Woods-Saxon-like potential
Authors: Wang Guozhong , Li Hui , Shen Yifeng , Dong Biqin
Published: December 2011

We presented a new method to solve Schrödinger equations especially for two special kinds of potentials, which are named the first and second kind of Woods-Saxon-like potentials in this paper. The Woods-Saxon-like potential characterized by a rapid increase occurred at the system's boundary varies slowly inside and quickly becomes a constant potential outside the system. The first (second) kind of Woods-Saxon-like potentials is finite (divergent) at the origin. By using an elaborately constructed multi-step potential to approximate the Woods-Saxon-like potential, we can obtain its approximate energy levels and piecewise analytical wave functions with high accuracy. To test our method, we solved the Schrödinger equations of three systems atomic nuclei 208Pb, hydrogen atoms, and sodium nanospheres. We found that our method works quite well and is superior to conventional numerical methods for the situation of Woods-Saxon-like potentials. Besides being able to obtain approximate piecewise analytical wave functions, our method has two explicit advantages (a) the absolute error of energy levels is controlled by the number of the potential steps of the multi-step approximate potential, and (b) the potential is not necessary to have an analytical expression.
Enhanced and reduced transmission of acoustic waves with bubble meta-screens
Authors: Bretagne Alice , Tourin Arnaud , Leroy Valentin
Published: December 2011

We present a class of sonic meta-screens for manipulating air-borne acoustic waves at ultrasonic or audible frequencies. Our screens consist of periodic arrangements of air bubbles in water or possibly embedded in a soft elastic matrix. They can be used for soundproofing but also for exalting transmission at an air/water interface or even to achieve enhanced absorption.
Effects of ionization distribution on plasma beam focusing characteristics in Hall thrusters
Authors: Ning Zhongxi , Liu Hui , Yu Daren , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: December 2011

The relationship between ionization distribution and divergence of plasma beam in a Hall thruster is investigated using spectrum and probe methods. Experimental results indicate that the shift of ionization region towards the exit of channel causes the reduction of accelerating field and the enhancement of electron thermal pressure effect, which result in further deviation of equipotential lines to magnetic field lines and further increase in divergence of plasma beam. It is, therefore, suggested that to put the ionization region deep inside the channel and separate it from the acceleration region at the design, and development stage is helpful to improve the plasma beam focusing characteristics of a Hall thruster.
I–t, J–1/T and J–E characteristics for the understanding of the main mechanism of electric conduction and the determination of the glass transition temperature of parylene C thin films
Authors: Kahouli A , Jomni F , Sylvestre A , Yangui B , Legrand J
Published: December 2011

Measurements under both transient and steady-state conditions on parylene C (−H2C − C6H3Cl − CH2−)
n
, also called PPX C, were made for different electric fields ranging from 8.33 to 33.33 MV m−1. The transient current behaviour is hyperbolic in nature up to 125 °C. Above, the current is transient free and becomes constant reflecting the presence of the steady state. The decay rate of the transient current increases with increasing temperature and field. The transient current is attributed mainly to the dipolar relaxation due to the polarization of the C–Cl dipole. The J–1/T characteristic reflects the change in the conduction regime occurring at a critical temperature associated with the glass transition temperature of the materials. The J–E measurements show that hopping conduction is the possible mechanism below and above T
g of parylene C. The activation energy is determined to be 0.13 eV, independent of the electric fields below T
g and varies from 0.65 to 0.94 eV above T
g, indicating the presence of more than one type of trapping centres in parylene C. The ionic jump distance ‘a’ is estimated to be 5.60–6.68 Å below T
g and 8.36–26.58 Å above T
g.
Diffusion of Bt Cotton in India: Impact of Seed Prices and Varietal Approval
Authors: Arora Anchal , Bansal Sangeeta
Published: December 2011

The Indian government imposed a ceiling on the price of Bt cotton seeds in 2006. This paper aims to analyze the effect of such price intervention on the diffusion of Bt cotton in India. Using three variations of dynamic logistic models, diffusion paths in nine major cotton growing states from 2002 to 2008 are studied. It was found that although seed prices were significant in impacting the diffusion rates, the effect was limited. It was also found that varietal approval is an important factor affecting diffusion rates.