bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removable Prostheses May Enhance Marginal Bone Loss Around Dental Implants: A Long‐Term Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Tandlich Moshik , Ekstein Jakob , Reisman Pini , Shapira Lior
Published: November 2007

Background: The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate marginal bone loss (MBL) around rough‐surface dental implants, placed in a private clinic, and to construct a multivariate model based on formerly proposed prognostic variables.

Methods: Records of patients who were treated previously with dental implants were reviewed. The patients’ latest annual clinical examinations and radiograms were used for data collection and the calculation of MBL. A patient‐based multivariate model was constructed based on two successive iterations of statistical analysis.

Results: Eighty‐two patients and 265 implants with ≥30 months of follow‐up were evaluated. The overall survival rate was 95.8% (2.6% early loss and 1.5% late loss). By evaluating the data with the single implant as a unit of analysis, MBL was correlated with time. Higher MBL values were found in smokers and around implants supporting removable prostheses. In the patient‐based analysis, only smoking and the presence of a removable prosthesis correlated with higher values of MBL. Odds ratios for higher rates of MBL were 1.95 and 2.57 for smokers and around removable prostheses, respectively. Neither time nor any of the other suspected variables correlated with higher MBL.

Conclusions: The present study corroborated the notion that smoking correlates with higher MBL and implied that implants supporting removable prostheses tend to display more bone loss. Further studies are needed to elucidate the latter finding.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Leukotriene B4in Periodontal Health and Disease
Authors: Pradeep A.R. , Manjunath S.G. , Swati Pradeep Patel , Shikha Chowdhry , Sujatha Pai B.
Published: November 2007

Background:Leukotriene B4(LTB4) is a membrane‐derived lipid mediator formed from arachidonic acid. LTB4is among the most potent stimulants of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and, thus, participates in tissue injury by recruiting PMNs in a pathophysiologic scenario of periodontal diseases. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between clinical parameters and concentrations of LTB4within gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from inflamed gingiva and periodontitis sites before and after the treatment of periodontitis.

Methods:Sixty subjects were divided into three groups with 20 subjects in each group: healthy (group 1), gingivitis (group 2), and chronic periodontitis (group 3). Groups were based on periodontal disease index (PDI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and radiographic evidence of bone loss. Group 4 consisted of the subjects in group 3 at 6 to 8 weeks after treatment, i.e., scaling and root planing (SRP). GCF samples collected from each patient were quantified for LTB4using an enzymatic immunometric assay. In addition, the correlation between in situ LTB4levels and clinical parameters was analyzed in each group.

Results:The highest mean LTB4concentration in GCF was observed in group 3 (185.2 pg/μl), and the lowest was observed in group 1 (39.6 pg/μl). Its level in group 3 decreased to 79.35 pg/μl after treatment (group 4). Further, GCF LTB4levels in all groups showed a statistically significant positive correlation with PDI and CAL (P<0.005).

Conclusion:The substantial increase in GCF LTB4concentrations with the severity of periodontal disease and a concomitant decrease in its level following SRP in subjects with periodontitis suggest a possible role for LTB4in the progression of periodontal disease.
Immigration and Risk of Childhood Lead Poisoning: Findings From a Case–Control Study of New York City Children
Authors: Tehranifar Parisa , Leighton Jessica , Auchincloss Amy H. , Faciano Andrew , Alper Howard , Paykin Andrea , Wu Songmei
Published: November 2007

Objectives. We investigated whether foreign birthplace and residence were associated with an increased risk of childhood lead poisoning.

Methods. We conducted a matched case–control study among New York City children (mean age=3 years) tested for lead poisoning in 2002 (n=203 pairs). Children were matched on age, date of test, and residential area. Blood lead and housing data were supplemented by a telephone survey administered to parents or guardians. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of lead poisoning status to foreign birthplace and time elapsed since most recent foreign residence after adjustment for housing and behavioral risk factors.

Results. Both foreign birthplace and time since most recent foreign residence had strong adjusted associations with lead poisoning status, with children who had lived in a foreign country less than 6 months before their blood test showing a particularly elevated risk of lead poisoning relative to US-born children with no foreign residential history before their blood test (odds ratio [OR]=10.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.3, 36.5).

Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate an increased risk of lead poisoning among immigrant children.
Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Associated With Body Mass Between Black and White Persons
Authors: Abell Jill E. , Egan Brent M. , Wilson Peter W.F. , Lipsitz Stuart , Woolson Robert F. , Lackland Daniel T.
Published: November 2007

We analyzed cardiovascular disease mortality risks associated with obesity using participant-level meta-analysis of data from the Black Pooling Project for Black and White individuals. The adjusted relative risks (ARRs) were stronger among White participants than among Black participants for coronary heart disease AAR=1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.07, 1.36) versus 0.87 (95% CI=0.69, 1.09), respectively, and cardiovascular disease ARR=1.18 (95% CI=1.07, 1.29) versus 0.91 (95% CI=0.77, 1.05), repectively. The results suggest that obesity is an independent risk factor in White people, and additional study of body size and disease progression is necessary in the assessment of racial disparities.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity Disparities Among Hispanic Subgroups in the United States
Authors: Neighbors Charles J. , Marquez David X. , Marcus Bess H.
Published: November 2007

Studies of leisure-time physical activity disparities for Hispanic individuals have not adjusted for sociodemographic confounds or accounted for variation by country of origin. We used the National Health Interview Survey to compare leisure-time physical activity among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White persons. All Hispanic subgroups were less active than were non-Hispanic White people, yet significant heterogeneity existed among Hispanic persons. Sociodemographic factors partly accounted for disparities among men; disparities among women persisted despite multivariate adjustments. Interventions must attend to these under-served yet varied subcommunities.
Immigration and Generational Trends in Body Mass Index and Obesity in the United States: Results of the National Latino and Asian American Survey, 2002–2003
Authors: Bates Lisa M. , Acevedo-Garcia Dolores , Alegría Margarita , Krieger Nancy
Published: November 2007

Objectives. We examined patterns of body mass index (BMI) and obesity among a nationally representative sample of first-, second-, and third-generation Latinos and Asian Americans to reveal associations with nativity or country of origin.

Methods. We used data from the National Latino and Asian American Survey (2002–2003) to generate nationally representative estimates of mean BMI and obesity prevalence and explored changes in the distribution of BMI by generational status. Analyses tested the association between generational status and BMI and examined whether this association varied by ethnicity, education, or gender.

Results. We found substantial heterogeneity in BMI and obesity by country of origin and an increase in BMI in later generations among most subgroups. The data suggest different patterns for Latinos and Asian Americans in the nature and degree of distributional changes in BMI with generational status in the United States.

Conclusions. Generational status is associated with increased BMI and obesity among Latinos and Asian Americans. Aggregate estimates not accounting for nativity and country of origin may mask significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of obesity and patterns of distributional change, with implications for prevention strategies.
Cardiovascular Disease and Global Health Equity
Authors: Bukhman Gene , Kidder Alice
Published: November 2007

Early 20th-century cardiovascular voluntary organizations in the United States drew strength from the well-established antituberculosis movement. By midcentury, heart disease among the young and tuberculosis had declined in this country. The international fight against tuberculosis has gathered force since the 1990s. Meanwhile, support for international cardiovascular interventions has lagged behind.

We trace the divergent path of the international cardiovascular movement and suggest ways in which it could once again learn from the trials and achievements of tuberculosis control.
Occurrence and fate of organic pollutants in combined sewer systems and possible impacts on receiving waters
Authors: Welker A.
Published: November 2007

Selected organic pollutants are classified based on an intensive literature survey. Two wastewater parameters (COD and ammonium) and six selected organic pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilo triaceticacid (NTA)) are specified. As a result, for the first time representative concentrations in dry weather flow, surface runoff and effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in combined sewer systems (CSS) are stated. The second part of the paper presents a first estimation of main emission out of a combined sewer system and possible receiving water impacts in terms of (1) annual discharged loads calculated by pollution load simulations in a hypothetical catchment and (2) concentrations calculated in combined sewer overflows (CSO) discharges and resulting receiving water concentrations.
A Comparative Analysis of New Governance Instruments in the Transnational Educational Space: A Shift to Knowledge-Based Instruments?
Authors: Ioannidou Alexandra
Published: November 2007

In recent years, the ongoing development towards a knowledge-based society — associated with globalization, an aging population, new technologies and organizational changes — has led to a more intensive analysis of education and learning throughout life with regard to quantitative, qualitative and financial aspects. In this framework, education policy is no longer merely an affair of the nation state; on the contrary, a range of significant actors (international, supranational and nongovernmental organizations) play an important role in policy formation and construct a transnational educational space. In a research project being carried out at the University of Tübingen, the education policy initiatives of an international (the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]) and supranational (European Union [EU]) organization concerning the concept of lifelong learning are being examined with emphasis on its implementation into national forms of monitoring and reporting systems. A part of the study concerns issues regarding the influence of the OECD and EU on national policy formation and their managing capacity. This article focuses on the emergence of new governance instruments used by the OECD and EU in the transnational educational space, their characteristics and their impacts, applying, as a conceptual tool, Willke's analytical distinction of regulative media into power, money and knowledge.
Phonological impairment in dyslexic children with and without early speech‐language disorder
Authors: Plaza Monique
Published: November 2007

This study examines phonological awareness in a group of 10 dyslexic children, compared with two groups of children (a reading‐equivalent control group and a group of beginning readers). Five of the dyslexic children exhibited an early speech‐language impairment, and five others were not language‐impaired. The experimental design consisted of a set of 10 tasks involving sensitivity to phonological strings, phonetic identification, and phoneme segmentation and manipulation. The major findings reveal that (a) the two subgroups of dyslexic children exhibit a metalinguistic impairment and (b) dyslexic children with speech‐language impairment exhibit (besides metalinguistic impairment) a deficit concerning early precursors of the phonological awareness (rhyme and syllables). These findings provide additional support for including speech‐language impairment as an operational criterion within the heterogeneous group of dyslexic children.

L'étude la sensibilisation phonologique au sein d'un groupe de dix enfants dyslexiques que Von compare à deux groupes d'enfants (un groupe témoin équivalent du point de vue de la lecture, et un groupe de debutants en lecture). Cinq des enfants dyslexiques révélaient une déficience précoce du langage et de la parole tandis que cinq autres étaient normaux de ce point de vue. L'étude expérimentale a consisté en une série de dix taches faisant appel à la sensibilisation aux séquences phonologiques, à l'identification phonétique, et à la segmentation et à la manipulation de phonèmes. Les résultats principaux révèlent que (a) les deux sous‐groupes d'enfants dyslexiques souffrent de déficience métalinguistique; (b) les enfants dyslexiques avec une déficience du langage et de la parole ont de la sensibilisation phonologique (rimes et syllabes). Ces résultats renforcent l'argument en faveur d'une inclusion de la déficience de la langue et de la parole en tant que critère opérationnel au sein du groupe hétérogène des enfants dyslexiques.

In dieser Studie wird das phonologische Bewuβtsein in einer Gruppe von 10 dyslexischen Kindern im Vergleich zu zwei weiteren Gruppen untersucht (einer nach Leseäquivalenz zusammengesetzten Kontrollgruppe und einer Gruppe von Leseanfängern). Fünf der dyslexischen Kinder wiesen eine frühe Sprech‐Sprachstörung auf; die anderen fünf hatten keine Sprachstörung. Das Experiment enthielt 10 Aufgaben, die mit dem Gefühl für phonologische Sequenzen, mit phonetischer Identifikation und mit Phonemtrennung und ‐umstellung zu tun hatten. Die Hauptergebnisse zeigen, daβ (a) beide Untergruppen der dyslexischen Kinder eine metalinguistische Störung aufweisen; (b) sprech‐sprachgestörte dyslexische Kinder neben der metalinguistischen Störung einen Mangel im vorphonologischen Bewuβtsein (Rheim und Silben) zeigen. Dieser Befund gibt weitere Gründe für die Hinzunahme von Sprech‐Sprachstörungen zu den operationellen Kriterien bei der heterogenen Gruppe dyslexischer Kinder.
The Discourse and Discipline of GIS
Authors: Martin Kevin St. , Wing John
Published: November 2007

Despite the many alternative insights produced within human geography since the height of the spatial science tradition of the 1960s and those within geographic information systems (GIS) itself, we still observe in our classrooms, hiring committees, and textbooks a dominant and singular understanding of GIS that fixes its meaning in ways that marginalize “non-GIS” geography. We are concerned about the effect that this valuation of GIS and devaluation of its others might have on the discipline of geography. In what follows, we report on our examination of the dominant discourse of GIS across a variety of sites in numerous academic, commercial, and educational sources where we found it to be repeatedly performed in ways that give particular meaning and power to “GIS.” We identify four characteristics attributed to GIS by and through this widespread discourse. We then discuss the effect of this discourse and, in particular, what it might mean to the discipline of geography. Finally, we suggest an exploration of “heterodox GIS” as a discursive strategy that we should deploy in our classrooms, departments, and beyond, as well as a political project aimed at destabilizing a singular and orthodox GIS. Such strategies should not strive to undermine or negate GIS but, rather, should aim to negate the notion that GIS is a single thing, linearly progressing, inherently expanding, and universally applicable.
In Depth: Inscribing the Indian Landscape
Authors: Mathur Anuradha , Cunha Dilip da
Published: November 2007

When India was colonised by the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, it was systematically surveyed and delineated in map form for administrative and political purposes. Here, Anuradha Mathur and Dilip da Cunha urge a new, ‘deeper’ reading of the landscape that fully acknowledges the multiple uses and potential initiations of public spaces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forming Climatic Change
Authors: Hardy Steve , Gaiser Werner
Published: November 2007

The Architectural Association in London is renowned for its unique unit structure in which avant‐garde research and design strategies are incubated and hatched. In a new series edited by Michael Weinstock, Academic Head at the AA, the activities of the units are brought under the spotlight. ‘Unit Factor’ kicks off with an account by Steve Hardy and Werner Gaiser of the Environments, Ecology and Sustainability research cluster they lead. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guanidinoneomycin B Recognition of an HIV‐1 RNA Helix
Authors: Staple David W. , Venditti Vincenzo , Niccolai Neri , Elson‐Schwab Lev , Tor Yitzhak , Butcher Samuel E.
Published: November 2007

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are small‐molecule drugs that bind RNA. The affinity and specificity of aminoglycoside binding to RNA can be increased through chemical modification, such as guanidinylation. Here, we report the binding of guanidinoneomycin B (GNB) to an RNA helix from the HIV‐1 frameshift site. The binding of GNB increases the melting temperature (Tm) of the frameshift‐site RNA by at least 10 °C, to a point at which a melting transition is not even observed in 2 M urea. A structure of the complex was obtained by using multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopic methods. We also used a novel paramagnetic‐probe assay to identify the site of GNB binding to the surface of the RNA. GNB makes major‐groove contacts to two sets of Watson–Crick bases and is in van der Waals contact with a highly structured ACAA tetraloop. Rings I and II of GNB fit into the major groove and form the binding interface with the RNA, whereas rings III and IV are exposed to the solvent and disordered. The binding of GNB causes a broadening of the major groove across the binding site.
Effect of CuIIon the Complex between Kanamycin A and the Bacterial Ribosomal A Site
Authors: Balenci Duccio , Bernardi Francesca , Cellai Luciano , D'Amelio Nicola , Gaggelli Elena , Gaggelli Nicola , Molteni Elena , Valensin Gianni
Published: November 2007

The solution structure of kanamycin A interacting with a ribosomal A‐site fragment was solved by transferred‐NOE techniques and found to agree with the structure of the complex observed in the crystal. Despite the fast exchange conditions found for the interaction, the bound form was identified by NOESY spectroscopy. At 600 MHz, NOE effects are only observed for the RNA‐associated antibiotic. Dissociation constants were measured by NMR spectroscopy for two sites of interaction (Kd1=150±40 μM;Kd2=360±50 μM). Furthermore, the effects of the CuIIion on the antibiotic, on the RNA fragment that mimics the bacterial ribosomal A site, and on the complex formed between these two entities were analyzed. The study led to the proposal of a model that localizes the copper ion within the kanamycin–RNA complex.
Thermally Responsive Supramolecular Nanomeshes for On/Off Switching of the Rotary Motion of F1‐ATPase at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Matsumoto Shinji , Ishizuka Koji , Iko Yuko , Tabata Kazuhito V. , Arata Hideyuki F. , Fujita Hiroyuki , Noji Hiroyuki , Hamachi Itaru
Published: November 2007

The artificial regulation of protein functions is essential for the realization of protein‐based soft devices, because of their unique functions conducted within a nano‐sized molecular space. We report that self‐assembled nanomeshes comprising heat‐responsive supramolecular hydrogel fibers can control the rotary motion of an enzyme‐based biomotor (F1‐ATPase) in an on/off manner at the single‐molecule level. Direct observation of the interaction of the supramolecular fibers with a microbead unit tethered to the F1‐ATPase and the clear threshold in the size of the bead required to stop ATPase rotation indicates that the bead was physically blocked so as to stop the rotary motion of ATPase. The temperature‐induced formation and collapse of the supramolecular nanomesh can produce or destroy, respectively, the physical obstacle for ATPase so as to control the ATPase motion in an off/on manner. Furthermore, this switching of the F1‐ATPase motion could be spatially restricted by using a microheating device. The integration of biomolecules and hard materials, interfaced with intelligent soft materials such as supramolecular hydrogels, is promising for the development of novel semi‐synthetic nano‐biodevices.
Three‐dimensional FE model for fiber interaction effects during microbuckling in composites with isotropic and anisotropic fibers
Authors: Lapusta Y. , Harich J. , Wagner W.
Published: November 2007

A three‐dimensional finite element model is proposed for the fiber interaction effects during fiber microbuckling in fiber‐reinforced composites. The model considers an elastic matrix reinforced by a periodic fiber series subjected to compression in axial direction. It accounts for the distinct difference in mechanical properties of the reinforcement and the matrix, as well as for the spatial problem character at the fiber–matrix scale. Perfect bonding at the fiber–matrix interfaces and the periodicity of the buckled system in the plane of fibers (in‐plane microbuckling) are assumed. For comparison purposes, a dilute approximation model dealing with a single fiber in a matrix is presented as well. An eigenvalue analysis of the considered systems fiber–matrix is performed. Calculations are carried out for the cases of both isotropic and transversal isotropic fibers in elastic isotropic matrices. Results show that the fiber interaction results in a significant increase in the buckling wavelength and in an important decrease in the critical shortening. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extending the Light‐Harvesting Properties of Transition‐Metal Dendrimers
Authors: Larsen Jane , Puntoriero Fausto , Pascher Torbjörn , McClenaghan Nathan , Campagna Sebastiano , Åkesson Eva , Sundström Villy
Published: November 2007

We report a study of the electronic energy‐transfer dynamics within the transition‐metal polypyridine complex OsRu3pyr6 (Os[(dpp)Ru(bpy{pyrene})2]38+, where dpp=2,3‐bis(2′‐pyridyl)pyrazine and bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) after excitation with UV light. By using a broadband visible femtosecond probe, we are able to simultaneously detect both the energy transfer from the peripheral aromatic ligands to the Os center and the sub‐picosecond energy transfer from the initially excited Ru–bpy ligand‐centered state to the Os triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) state. Pyrene energy transfer occurs from both the nonrelaxed and the relaxed S1 states on timescales of 6 and 45 ps, respectively. In both cases, the energy transfer is described by means of Förster energy transfer theory. Sub‐picosecond energy transfer within the OsRu3 metal–ligand core most likely includes a direct energy transfer between the higher‐lying ligand‐centered states on Ru and Os, in addition to the transfer between the MLCT states. The absorption cross‐sections in both the UV and the visible spectral regions are enhanced by attaching the aromatic pyrene ligands. Furthermore, energy transfer is directed only towards the Os core, which ultimately leads to an exclusive population of the Os‐based triplet MLCT state, thus making the OsRu3pyr6 transition metal–polypyridine dendrimer an obvious candidate for artificial light‐harvesting systems.
Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Aromatic Amines to N‐Alkenoyloxazolidinones Catalyzed by Iodido(binaphtholato)samarium
Authors: Reboule Iréna , Gil Richard , Collin Jacqueline
Published: November 2007

Iodido(binaphtholato)samarium catalyzes the Michael addition of aromatic amines to N‐alkenoyloxazolidinones affording β‐amino acid derivatives with enantiomeric excesses of up to 88 %. A study of the effect of temperature on the asymmetric induction revealed an isoinversion in two reactions. The observation of a non‐linear effect suggests an equilibrium between several active species including dimers.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Electrokinetic‐based injection modes for separative microsystems
Authors: Blas Maximilien , Delaunay Nathalie , Rocca Jean‐Louis
Published: November 2007

Miniaturization of analytical instruments has attracted a wide interest in Analytical Chemistry over the past decade because of the advantages such as reduced reagent consumption and shorter analysis time. For chips involving separation, injection is a key step to achieve efficient and sensitive analysis. Electrokinetic injection mode is mostly used in chips because it is easier to generate flow motion in microsystems via electric potential control at channel extremities than pressure‐driven flow. The injection step usually involves several intersecting channels. For each injection design, different injection modes can be done, depending on electric field sequences and distributions. This paper is an up‐to‐date review of these different modes on a chip.
Trends in analysis of explosives by microchip electrophoresis and conventional CE
Authors: Pumera Martin
Published: November 2007

The continuous upsurge in terrorist activity has generated tremendous demand for innovative tools capable of detecting nitrated organic, inorganic, and peroxide‐based explosives. This article directly extends the previous exhaustive review (Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 244–256) and overviews the research activity in the field of microchip and conventional capillary electrophoresis for analysis of a variety of explosive compounds and mixtures in the past two years (middle 2005–middle 2007), with the focus on world‐to‐chip interfaces and detection techniques.
Recent advances in CE and CEC of pollutants
Authors: Dabek‐Zlotorzynska Ewa , Celo Valbona , Yassine Mahmoud M.
Published: November 2007

Recent advances in CE and CEC separation, detection and sample preparation/preconcentration methodologies, for the determination of a variety of compounds having current or potential environmental relevance, have been overviewed. The reviewed literature has illustrated the wide range of CE applications available, indicating a continuing interest in CE and CEC in the environmental field. New developments in chip‐based CE systems are also discussed.
Recent advances in the applications of CE to forensic sciences (2005–2007)
Authors: Tagliaro Franco , Bortolotti Federica
Published: November 2007

The present article reviews the applications of CE in forensic science covering the period from 2005 until the first part of 2007. The overview includes the most relevant examples of analytical applications of capillary electrophoretic and electrokinetic techniques in the following fields: (i) forensic drugs, toxicants and dyes, (ii) small ions of forensic interest (iii) explosives, (iv) forensic DNA, and (v) other biopolymers of forensic interest.
The relationship between satisfaction with workplace training and overall job satisfaction
Authors: Schmidt Steven W.
Published: November 2007

Opportunities for training and development are paramount in decisions regarding employee career choices. Despite the importance, many research studies on job satisfaction do not address satisfaction with workplace training as an element of overall job satisfaction, and many job satisfaction survey instruments do not include a “satisfaction with workplace training” component. This study examined the relationship between satisfaction with employer‐provided workplace training and overall job satisfaction of customer contact representatives. A significant relationship was found between job training satisfaction and overall job satisfaction. Components of job training, including time spent in training, training methodologies, and content, were determined to be significant in their relationship to job training satisfaction, and trainees were significantly more satisfied with the training they received when the methodology employed was their preferred one. On the basis of these findings, conclusions were drawn and recommendations for researchers and practitioners in the field of HRD were made.
Tissue factor expression correlates with disease‐specific survival in patients with node‐negative muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Patry Geneviève , Hovington Hélène , Larue Hélène , Harel François , Fradet Yves , Lacombe Louis
Published: November 2007

Tissue factor (TF), a transmembrane glycoprotein responsible for initiating the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation plays a key role in cancer growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. Various studies have demonstrated the prognostic potential of TF expression in several cancers. However, its role in bladder cancer is unclear. This study evaluated the prognostic potential of TF expression in muscle‐invasive bladder tumors from patients treated with radical cystectomies. Immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti‐TF was carried out on sections of tissue microarray blocks containing cores of muscle‐invasive bladder tumors (4 cores/tumor) from 218 patients. The intensity of the staining was evaluated on a scale from 0 to 3 by two independent observers who were both unaware of the clinicopathological characteristics of the samples. TF was expressed in 77.6% of tumors, independently from baseline characteristics (age, gender, stage and grade) as assessed using the χ2 and Student t tests. During follow‐up (median: 2.6 years), 45.4% of the patients died from the progression of their cancer. Kaplan–Meier survival showed that among the 103 patients with node‐negative (N0) transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), those with TF‐positive tumors had shorter bladder cancer‐specific survival (p = 0.0276). Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed they had a 3.15‐fold greater risk of dying from bladder cancer (95% CI: 1.1–9.0; p = 0.032). In conclusion, TF expression was an independent predictor of disease‐specific survival in N0 muscle‐invasive TCCs treated by radical cystectomy and therefore, might help identify patients at higher risk of disease progression. These patients could potentially benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The expression of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase is up‐regulated in 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced colon tumours in rats
Authors: Marzocchini Riccardo , Malentacchi Francesca , Biagini Massimiliano , Cirelli Domenico , Luceri Cristina , Caderni Giovanna , Raugei Giovanni
Published: November 2007

Recent studies have assessed the role of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW‐PTP) in cell transformation and tumour onset and progression, observing a significant increase in the expression of LMW‐PTP mRNA and protein in human breast, colon, bladder and kidney tumour samples. Moreover, its enhanced expression is generally prognostic of a more aggressive cancer. To better understand the role of this protein during colon carcinogenesis and to study whether its overexpression is also observed in earlier phases of carcinogenesis, we studied its expression in colon tumours, induced in rats by treatment with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH), an animal model that resemble the sequential formation of histopathological lesions of spontaneous carcinogenesis in humans. The results show a significant increase in LMW‐PTP expression in adenocarcinomas, suggesting that this phenomenon is associated with the onset of malignancy. Moreover a significant overexpression of LMW‐PTP transcript is associated with tumours originating in the proximal (right) part of the colon, confirming an observation already reported for human colon cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ Raman study to monitor bioactive glasses reactivity
Authors: Bonino Francesca , Damin Alessandro , Aina Valentina , Miola Marta , Vernè Enrica , Bretcanu Oana , Bordiga Silvia , Zecchina Adriano , Morterra Claudio
Published: November 2007

This work, by means of Raman spectroscopy, studies the vibrational modifications of a silica‐based sol‐gel bioactive glass (77S) in direct contact with a simple TRIS‐buffered solution. The novelty of this contribution with respect to similar previous works consists in the adoption of an in situ setup, designed to avoid all kinds of external contamination. The time‐dependent formation of the characteristic vibrational features of surface hydroxy‐carbonate apatite (HCA) is evidenced, and followed as a function of contact time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy I
Authors: Kiefer W.
Published: November 2007

Raman spectroscopy has advanced considerably in the last several years due to rapid developments in instrumentation and the availability of theoretical methods for accurate calculation of Raman spectra, thus enormously facilitating the interpretation of Raman data. This review is restricted to cover papers mainly published in the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, which serve to give a fast overview of recent advances in this research field as well as to provide readers of this journal a quick introduction to the various subfields of Raman spectroscopy. It also reflects the current research interests of the Raman community. Similar reviews of highly active areas of Raman spectroscopy will appear in future issues of this journal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The inhibitory effect of connexin 32 gene on metastasis in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sato Hiromi , Hagiwara Hiromi , Senba Hironobu , Fukumoto Keiko , Nagashima Yoji , Yamasaki Hiroshi , Ueno Koichi , Yano Tomohiro
Published: November 2007

We have previously reported that connexin (Cx) 32 gene, a member of gap junctions, was specifically downregulated in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and it acts as a tumor suppressor against RCC. Because there is no standard therapy for advanced RCC, we investigated the anti‐metastatic effect of Cx32 to seek a possibility of new RCC therapy. In this study, we used human metastatic RCC cell (Caki‐1), and established Cx32‐expressed cell clone (Caki‐1T) or only mock‐transfected cell clone (Caki‐1W). For experimental production of metastases, the cells were injected into the lateral tail vein of SCID mice. Seventy days after inoculation, metastatic colonies were observed in Caki‐1W inoculated group, though none of them were in Caki‐1T inoculated group. The plasma VEGF concentration was significantly lower in Caki‐1T group compared to Caki‐1W group. To investigate where Cx32 effects on, we also tried in vitro analysis and found that the malignant phenotypes involving metastasis steps were significantly decreased in Caki‐1T under hypoxia, a mimic condition of internal tumor environment. After hypoxia treatment, the protein level of HIF‐2α, which plays main role for hypoxia adaptation, was observed to increase in Caki‐1W, whereas no expression was observed in Caki‐1T. We investigated the activation of Src, which is required for stabilization of HIF‐2α, is suppressed in Caki‐1T compared to Caki‐1W. These results suggest that Cx32 inhibits hypoxia adaptation governed by HIF‐2α, and this may help to reduce the metastasis of RCC cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can we differentiate true white matter fibers from pseudofibers inside a brain abscess cavity using geometrical diffusion tensor imaging metrics?
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Gupta Rakesh K. , Nath Kavindra , Rathore R. K. S. , Bayu Getaneh , Trivedi Richa , Husain Mazhar , Prasad Kashi N. , Tripathi R. P. , Narayana Ponnada A.
Published: November 2007

High fractional anisotropy (FA) usually reflects the orientation and integrity of white matter (WM) fibers. Other regions of increased FA have been described, such as brain abscesses, developing cortex, and areas of hemorrhage. It may not be possible to differentiate true fibers from the pseudofibers found inside an abscess cavity on the basis of FA and mean diffusivity (MD). The aim of this study was to differentiate true WM fibers from pseudo WM tracts inside the abscess cavity using geometrical diffusion tensor imaging metrics [linear anisotropy (CL), planar anisotropy (CP), and spherical anisotropy (CS)]. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 42 patients with brain abscess and 10 age/sex‐matched controls. Automated segmentation using Java‐based software divided the abscess cavity into two sub‐regions with FA < 0.20 and FA ≥ 0.20. Quantitation was carried out on the sub‐regions of the abscess cavity with FA ≥ 0.20. In healthy controls, regions of interest were placed on the corpus callosum, posterior limb of the internal capsule, and periventricular and subcortical WM. Significantly increased CP values were observed inside the abscess cavity compared with various normal WM regions. Significantly increased FA and CL values were observed in the abscess cavity compared with subcortical WM only. However decreased FA and CL values were observed in the cavity compared with the corpus callosum, posterior limb of the internal capsule, and periventricular WM. The 95% confidence intervals of means for the abscess cavity were well separated from those for WM in the case of CL and CP; however, they overlapped in the case of FA, MD, and CS. High CP with low CL inside the abscess cavity suggests that the shape of the diffusion tensor is predominantly planar, whereas it is linear in WM tracts. These geometrical indices may have advantages over FA for differentiating true from pseudo WM tracts inside the abscess cavity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A corrected XFEM approximation without problems in blending elements
Authors: Fries Thomas‐Peter
Published: November 2007

The extended finite element method (XFEM) enables local enrichments of approximation spaces. Standard finite elements are used in the major part of the domain and enriched elements are employed where special solution properties such as discontinuities and singularities shall be captured. In elements that blend the enriched areas with the rest of the domain problems arise in general. These blending elements often require a special treatment in order to avoid a decrease in the overall convergence rate. A modification of the XFEM approximation is proposed in this work. The enrichment functions are modified such that they are zero in the standard elements, unchanged in the elements with all their nodes being enriched, and varying continuously in the blending elements. All nodes in the blending elements are enriched. The modified enrichment function can be reproduced exactly everywhere in the domain and no problems arise in the blending elements. The corrected XFEM is applied to problems in linear elasticity and optimal convergence rates are achieved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infinite Gold Zig‐Zag Chains as Structural Motif in Ca3Au3In – A Ternary Ordered Variant of the Ni4B3 Type
Authors: Muts Ihor R. , Zaremba Vasyl I. , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: November 2007

New auride Ca3Au3In was synthesized from the elements in a sealed tantalum tube in a high‐frequency furnace. Ca3Au3In was investigated by X‐ray powder and single crystal diffraction: ordered Ni4B3 type, Pnma, a = 1664.1(6), b = 457.3(2), c = 895.0(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0488, 1361 F2 values, and 44 variables. The three crystallographically independent boron positions of the Ni4B3 type are occupied by the gold atoms, while the four nickel sites are occupied by calcium and indium in an ordered manner. All gold atoms have trigonal prismatic coordination, i.e. Ca6 prisms for Au1 and Au2 and Ca4In2 prisms for Au3. While the Au3 atoms are isolated, we observe Au1–Au1 and Au2–Au2 zig‐zag chains at Au–Au distances of 292 and 284 pm. These slabs resemble the CrB type structure of CaAu. Consequently Ca3Au3In can be considered as a ternary auride. Together the Au2, Au3 and indium atoms build up a three‐dimensional [Au2In] polyanionic network (281–293 pm Au–In) in which the chains of Au1 centered trigonal prisms are embedded. The crystal chemical similarities with the structures of Ni4B3, CaAuIn, and CaAu are discussed.
Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von DyPt8P2 und Mg10−xPt9P7
Authors: Imre Anette , Mewis Albrecht
Published: November 2007

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of DyPt8P2 and Mg10−xPt9P7

Single crystals of DyPt8P2 (a = 9.260(2), b = 4.005(1), c = 9.633(2) Å, β = 102.64(3)°) were grown by heating the elements in a melt of NaCl/KCl at 1100 °C. The phosphide crystallizes in a new type of structure (I2/m; Z = 2) which consists of fragments in the shape of a cubic close packing built up by three fourths of the platinum atoms. The Dy atoms are coordinated by twelve Pt and four P atoms forming a distorted hexagonal prism which is fourfold capped by Pt atoms. Needles of Mg10−xPt9P7 (a = 18.121(4), b = 23.316(5), c = 3.848(1) Å) were obtained by reaction of the elements in molten lead at 1000 °C. The main feature of the new type of structure (Pbam; Z = 4) is an oval ring of pentagonal prisms formed by each six Pt and four P atoms. The prisms are linked with each other via common faces and they are centered by Mg atoms. Another Mg atoms are located in holes of the three‐dimensional [Pt9P7] network. It is remarkable, that one of the ten different crystallographic sites of the Mg atoms is occupied incompletely inducing the composition Mg10−xPt9P7 with x = 0.86.
Manganese(IV) Corroles with σ‐Aryl Ligands
Authors: Bröring Martin , Cordes Meike , Köhler Silke
Published: November 2007

Different pathways for the preparation of organometallic manganese(IV) corroles with σ‐aryl ligands have been evaluated. The treatment of a manganese(III) corrole with Grignard reagents PhMgX (X = Cl, Br), followed by aerial oxidation yields oxidized halogenido complexes [(cor)MnIVX] instead of the anticipated organometallic compounds. Reaction of these halogenido species, especially the bromido compound, with excess Grignard reagents or with lithium aryls results in the formation of the desired σ‐aryl compounds via salt metatheses. Three examples of this class of rare complexes have been characterized by means of optical and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and in two cases single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies have been carried out. In the crystal, the molecular structures of the σ‐phenyl‐ and the σ‐(p‐bromophenyl) derivatives were observed to be very similar, albeit both species pack in different pattern.
Synthesis and Characterization of Three Zinc Phosphonates Based on 5‐Phosphonoisophthalic Acid, (HO2C)2C6H3PO3H2
Authors: Bauer Sebastian , Stock Norbert
Published: November 2007

Three new Zn‐phosphonates based on 5‐phosphonoisophthalic acid, (HO2C)2C6H3PO3H2 (H4L), [Zn2(H2O)(O2C)2C6H3PO3] · H2O (1), Zn2(H2O)2(O2C)2C6H3PO3 (2), and KZn[H(O2C)2C6H3PO3] (3) have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (1: triclinic, $P{\bar 1}$, a = 742.49(3) pm, b = 846.37(4) pm, c = 992.84(4) pm, α = 80.936(2)°, β = 81.574(2)°, γ = 73.139(3)°, V = 586.28(4) · 106 pm3, R1 = 0.0583, wR2 = 0.1347 (for I > 2σ(I)); 2: monoclinic, P21/m, a = 464.78(9) pm, b = 1329.2(3) pm, c = 974.5(3) pm, β = 95.80(3)°, V = 599.0(2) · 106 pm3, R1 = 0.0395, wR2 = 0.1086 (for I > 2σ(I)); 3: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 501.9(1) pm, b = 2489.9(5) pm, c = 946.2(5) pm, β = 105.38(3)°, V = 1140.0(7) · 106 pm3, R1 = 0.0365, wR2 = 0.0848 (for I > 2σ(I))). The title compounds 1 and 2 have the same chemical composition but exhibit different structures and are therefore polymorphs. Thus, in compound 1, isolated ZnO4‐tetrahedra, and in 2, infinite double‐chains of corner‐sharing ZnO6 polyhedra are observed. In, KZn[H(O2C)2C6H3PO3] (3) K+‐ions have been incorporated into the structure leading to the formation of a bimetallic inorganic‐organic hybrid compound.
Zur Elektronenstruktur metallorganischer Komplexe der f‐Elemente. 67 Erstmalige parametrische Analyse des Absorptionsspektrums einer Molekülverbindung des CeIIIμ: Tris(η5‐tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)cer
Authors: Amberger Hanns‐Dieter , Reddmann Hauke
Published: November 2007

Electronic Structures of Organometallic Complexes of f Elements. 67 First Parametric Analysis of the Absorption Spectrum of a Molecular Compound of CeIIIμ: Tris(η5‐tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)cerium(III)

The absorption spectra (in the IR/NIR/Vis/UV range) of Ce(C5Me4H)3 (1) and La(C5Me4H)3 (2) were recorded at room and low temperatures. From the spectra obtained, two alternative closely related crystal field (CF) splitting patterns of 1 could be derived, and simulated by fitting the free parameters of a phenomenological Hamiltonian. The fact that the difference of the experimental energies of the barycenters of CF levels of the multiplets 2F7/2 and 2F5/2 is larger than in the gaseous free Ce3+ ion (“anti”‐relativistic nephelauxetic effect) could be explained by coupling effects of these multiplets via the CF, resulting in lower spin‐orbit coupling parameters than in the case of the gaseous free Ce3+ ion. The experimentally derived CF splitting pattern of 1 is compared with the predictions of previous non‐relativistic SW‐Xα and relativistic DV‐Xα calculations.
Synthesis and Structural Properties of Anhydrous Rare Earth Cinnamates, [RE(cinn)3]
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Forsyth Craig M. , Junk Peter C. , Hilder Matthias , Leary Stuart G. , Bromant Claudia , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H.
Published: November 2007

Anhydrous rare earth tris(cinnamates) [RE(cinn)3] (RE = La–Lu, Y and Sc and cinnH = trans‐cinnamic acid) were prepared by metathesis in water and by direct reaction of the metal with cinnamic acid in a 1,2,4,5‐tetramethylbenzene flux at ca. 200 °C. X‐ray crystal structure determinations and X‐ray powder data show that, in the solid state, the larger lanthanoids (La–Dy) form an isomorphous polymeric series consisting of homoleptic nine‐coordinate metal centres bonded to three chelating and bridging tridentate cinnamates. The late REIII cinnamate (RE = Dy, Ho–Lu, Y) complexes also form linear one‐dimensional polymeric chains with all RE metal atoms being seven‐coordinate. The cinnamates are either bound tridentate bridging in a μ‐η2:η1 fashion, or μ‐η1:η1 syn‐syn bidentate bridging. A structural break occurs at dysprosium which has been characterised in both crystallographic forms, and gives solely the late RE form when precipitated at 80 °C. ScIII cinnamate was also isolated as an analytically pure precipitate which was, again, found to be anhydrous in nature. A structural change was identified by powder XRD between the late REIII cinnamates and ScIII cinnamate.