bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capsular Warning Syndrome: Features, Risk Profile, and Prognosis in a Large Prospective TIA Cohort
Authors: Foschi Matteo , Pavolucci Lucia , Rondelli Francesca , Barone Valentina , Rinaldi Rita , Spinardi Luca , Favaretto Elisabetta , Rucci Paola , Giostra Fabrizio , Cosmi Benilde , Borghi Claudio , Cortelli Pietro , Guarino Maria ,   on behalf of the Bologna TIA Study Group
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Features and prognosis of capsular warning syndrome (CWS) have been poorly investigated prospectively. Aims: The study aimed to characterize CWS clinical features, risk profile, short- and long-term prognosis, among a large TIA cohort. Methods: Prospective cohort study of consecutive TIAs was conducted from August 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017. Demographic and clinical characteristics, risk profile, primary (stroke and composite outcome) and secondary (TIA recurrence, cerebral hemorrhage, new onset atrial fibrillation) outcomes were compared between CWS, lacunar (L), and nonlacunar (NL) TIAs. Results: 1,035 patients (33 CWS, 189 L-TIAs, 813 NL-TIAs) were enrolled. Newly diagnosed (ND) hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, and leukoaraiosis were independent risk factors of CWS (p < 0.05). CWS showed the highest stroke (30.3% vs. 0.5% and 1.5% for L-TIAs and NL-TIAs, respectively) and composite outcome risk at follow-up (p < 0.001), but better 3-month post-stroke prognosis (mRS 0–2 90.0% vs. 36.8%; p = 0.002). CWS-related stroke mostly occurred <48 h (80.0%) and had a small vessel occlusion etiology (100%), affecting more often the internal capsule (60.0%). Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) versus single antiplatelet therapy was associated with lower 3-month cumulative stroke incidence (12.5% vs. 57.1%; p = 0.010). Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) showed similar 3-month efficacy and safety in strokes after TIAs groups (median mRS 0, IQR 0–1; p = 0.323). Conclusions: CWS is associated with higher stroke risk and better functional prognosis than L- and NL-TIAs. CWS risk profile is consistent with severe small vessel disease, and ND hypertension could represent a major risk factor. DAPT and IVT seem effective and safe in preventing and treating stroke following CWS.
Development of a Bronchoscopy-Radiologic Skills and Task Assessment Tool (BRadSTAT): A Tool for Evaluating the Radiological Skills of Bronchoscopists with Different Experience
Authors: Yap Elaine L.C. , Vandal Alain C. , Williamson Jonathan P. , Nguyen Phan , Colt Henri
Published: September 2022

Background: Competency using radiologic images for bronchoscopic navigation is presumed during subspecialty training, but no assessments objectively measure combined knowledge of radiologic interpretation and ability to maneuver a bronchoscope into peripheral airways. Objectives: The objectives of this study were (i) to determine whether the Bronchoscopy-Radiology Skills and Tasks Assessment Tool (BRadSTAT) discriminates between bronchoscopists of various levels of experience and (ii) to improve construct validity using study findings. Methods: BRadSTAT contains 10 questions that assess chest X-ray and CT scan interpretation using multiple images per question and 2 technical skill assessments. After administration to 33 bronchoscopists (5 Beginners, 9 Intermediates, 10 Experienced, and 9 Experts), discriminative power was strengthened using differential weighting on CT-related questions, producing the BRadSTAT-CT score. Cut points for both scores were determined via cross-validation. Results: Mean BRadSTAT scores for Beginner, Intermediate, Experienced, and Expert were 74 (±13 SD), 78 (±14), 86 (±9), and 88 (±8), respectively. Statistically significant differences were noted between Expert and Beginner, Expert and Intermediate, and Experienced and Beginner (all p ≤ 0.05). Mean BRadSTAT-CT scores for Beginner, Intermediate, Experienced, and Expert were 63 (±14), 74 (±15), 82 (±13), and 90 (±9), respectively, all statistically significant (p ≤ 0.03). Cut points for BRadSTAT-CT had lower sensitivity but greater specificity and accuracy than for BRadSTAT. Conclusion: BRadSTAT represents the first validated assessment tool measuring knowledge and skills for bronchoscopic access to peripheral airways, which discriminates between bronchoscopists of various experience levels. Refining BRadSTAT produced the BRadSTAT-CT, which had higher discriminative power. Future studies should focus on their usefulness in competency-based bronchoscopy programs.
Dental Governance and the Saudi Vision 2030: A Narrative Review
Authors: Aldossary Mohammed S.
Published: September 2022

Background: Improving the quality of services and facilitating access to healthcare services are crucial for improving the human quality of life. Hence, clinical governance plays a major role in improving quality of the health services, including dentistry. Governance aims to always improve the care provided in dentistry. Dental governance is based on seven pillars; evidence-based practice, clinical auditing and calibration, risk management, continuing medical education, involving patient and community in healthcare improvement, human resource management, and information management. It is the responsibility of dentists and other relevant practitioners to enhance governance within dental healthcare systems to provide safe and effective care to patients who undoubtedly deserve it. Summary: Governance includes many aspects and has multiple facets, and we introduced its basic principles. The aim of this article was to review the seven pillars of dental governance with the implication of the influence of the Saudi Vision 2030 on improving dental governance in Saudi Arabia. Key Messages: The Saudi Vision 2030 is leading the healthcare transformation, including dental care, through a set of health governance strategies by the governmental organizations in Saudi Arabia, which comply with the seven pillars of dental governance.
A recusa aos laços: transmissão psíquica em "Os laços de família" de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Junqueira Luan Felipe de Souza , Pacífico Soraya Maria Romano , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste estudo teórico é refletir sobre os marcadores da transmissão psíquica no conto “Os laços de família”, de Clarice Lispector, publicado originalmente em 1960. A interpretação ocorreu a partir da psicanálise winnicottiana em diálogo com a psicanálise dos vínculos sociais. A transmissão psíquica emerge como possibilidade de compreender a relação entre a protagonista, sua mãe e seu filho, destacando aspectos não apenas daquilo que é transmitido inconscientemente, mas da transmissão do adoecimento psíquico e da dificuldade em estabelecer vínculos. A transmissão mostra-se um caminho ao qual não se pode recusar. A potência da personagem Catarina reside na tentativa de remalhar, junto ao filho, o que fora comprometido em sua história desde as suas primeiras relações, reavendo falhas ambientais importantes e em direção à resiliência familiar.
Mediatização da Memória
Authors: Mateus Samuel
Published: September 2022

Em tempos de intensa mediatização, aparece o problema da potencial desfragmentação da memória perante um espaço virtual aberto e infinito. Compreender o papel da memória nas sociedades contemporâneas implica contemplar sua expansão mediatizada, responsável pela profusão e aceleração da produção de traços memoriais pelas sociedades. Este artigo apresenta as principais correntes de pensamento dos estudos da memória e traça as atuais implicações políticas e sociais da memória. Além disso, analisa o papel dos media sobre a noção de memória, nomeadamente, o paradoxo da memória digital, o encurtamento e a poluição da memória provocada pelos media digitais, e a internet como uma espécie de memória palimpséstica da atualidade.
Perante o rosto violado: o Mugshot de Bophana e a tragédia do Camboja
Authors: Lessa Filho Ricardo , Vieira Frederico
Published: September 2022

Um rosto pode ser totalmente aniquilado? Com essa provocação, miramos o mugshot de Hout Bophana, fio condutor deste texto. O ensaio tenta refletir sobre o testemunho vestigial de seu rosto a partir de conceitos filosóficos presentes em Lévinas e Butler, visando uma política das imagens, especialmente daquelas que expõem rostos e corpos vitimados por violências. Também buscamos compreender o método do cineasta Rithy Panh, que, motivado por essa fotografia, realizou um importante documentário sobre a memória do genocídio cambojano. Ao fazer das imagens de arquivo do extermínio uma espécie de lápide para os mortos, o método de Panh também se avizinha do gesto epistolar presente na eliminação de Bophana e de seu esposo, Ly Sitha.
Práxis da análise televisiva em quatro eixos teórico-metodológicos
Authors: Capanema Letícia Xavier de Lemos
Published: September 2022

Resenha do livro Análise da Ficção Televisiva: Metodologias e Práticas, organizado pelos professores Simone Rocha e Rogério Ferraraz. A publicação é fruto do diálogo entre grupos de pesquisa de três universidades brasileiras e uma chilena. Motivados pelos desafios metodológicos, culturais e contextuais dos estudos da ficção televisiva, os nove capítulos do volume propõem arranjos analíticos que se orientam em torno de quatro eixos teórico-metodológicos: análise da televisualidade; análise inter-relacional; análise estilística e narrativa; e análise integral. Trata-se de relevante contribuição à discussão metodológica da pesquisa em televisão, sobretudo para interessado(a)s em procedimentos analíticos.
O que é Glocal? Sistematização conceitual e novas considerações teóricas sobre a mais importante invenção tecnocultural da civilização mediática
Authors: Trivinho Eugênio Rondini
Published: September 2022

O artigo apresenta as características fundamentais do fenômeno da glocalização, desde suas origens tecnológicas mais remotas até suas manifestações digitais atuais. Glocal – nem global, nem local, antes mescla de ambos, sem redução a nenhum – se refere, nesta reflexão, a processos e tendências observados no rastro irreversível da comunicação eletrônica em tempo real. Abarcando o tema por dupla dimensão – epistemológica e empírica –, a argumentação apreende a significação social-histórica do glocal e da glocalização, com foco em seu modus operandi, em sua diversificação interna e em suas consequências multilaterais. A reflexão soma novos aspectos a respeito para enriquecer a tese da glocalização como processo civilizatório e como modo de reprodução do capitalismo.
Construindo a teoria da comunicação a partir da cibersemiótica
Authors: Vidales Carlos
Published: September 2022

A Comunicação Social tem apresentado um grande problema em definir o que é comunicação, do que trata a comunicação e o que ela descreve em contextos biológicos, humanos e mecânicos. A visão mecanicista vê a comunicação como um processo de troca de informações, enquanto a visão humanista a conceitua como produção, entretanto, nenhuma delas tem funcionado como base comum para a construção teórica ou como uma forma de identificar o que é ou não um fenômeno de comunicação. Minha resposta a este problema é a consideração da comunicação como um conceito transdisciplinar e, ao fazê-lo, abordarei duas propostas teóricas: o metamodelo da teoria da comunicação de Robert T. Craig e a cibersemiótica de Søren Brier.
Deleuze e Merleau-Ponty: o cinema em seu renascimento continuado
Authors: Bezerra Júlio
Published: September 2022

Algumas das ideias mais inovadoras e influentes da teoria do cinema nos últimos anos estão em dívida com as obras de Gilles Deleuze e Maurice Merleau-Ponty. É possível sentir a presença de suas filosofias e respectivos investimentos na teoria do cinema ao longo das reviravoltas afetivas e sensoriais que tomaram de assalto a reflexão sobre a sétima arte. Contudo, Deleuze e Merleau-Ponty são em geral vistos como opostos. Nossa aposta se faz no sentido contrário. Ao longo do artigo, traçamos um movimento escorregadio de aproximação e distanciamento que, ao final, esboça uma espécie de aliança. O que se vislumbra é uma maneira de ver e se aventurar pelo cinema em seu contínuo renascimento.
Quem escancarou a língua para os demônios? Bialik contra Ben-Yehuda
Authors: Avneri Shmuel , Rozenchan Nancy
Published: September 2022

O texto esmiuça de forma crítica as manifestações do poeta nacional israelense, Chaim Nachman Bialik, a respeito da ampla atuação de Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, conhecido com o revigorador da língua hebraica.
HaCholemet (A Sonhadora), de Hava Shapiro
Authors: Nesharim Flávia Fridman
Published: September 2022

A intelectual e pioneira literária Hava Shapiro exporta do seu mundo as temáticas das suas obras literárias, dissertando sobre a mulher, o judaísmo, e o que há entre eles. Neste conto HaCholemet (A Sonhadora), Shapiro expressa a contradição que a mulher vive ao ansiar pela liberdade de escolher o seu próprio destino e pela igualdade dos gêneros frente ao papel da maternidade. Esse é o terceiro conto traduzido, de uma série de três, com a temática mulheres pioneiras na literatura hebraica que escreveram sobre o feminismo no final do século XIX e início do século XX.
Sara Zarchi , de Nechama Pohatchevsky
Authors: Nesharim Flávia Fridman
Published: September 2022

A escritora e pioneira Nechama Pohatchevsky liderou o movimento sionista na Terra de Israel através, tanto do trabalho braçal, quanto do trabalho intelectual, com a publicação de inúmeras obras literárias. O conto "Sara Zarchi" apresenta a sua luta pelo direito de igualdade das mulheres em meio a criação de um Estado Judeu. Esta é a tradução de um conto, em uma série de três, com a temática mulheres pioneiras na literatura hebraica que escreveram sobre o feminismo no final do século XIX e início do século XX.
Korean VP-Ellipsis and a Derivational Approach to Ellipsis
Authors: Park Dongwoo
Published: September 2022

This article argues that under the assumption that the verbal domain contains VoiceP, distinct from vP, Korean has VP-ellipsis, where the morpheme ha, which lacks semantic content, is located in v in the surface representation and its complement VP—consisting of a verbal noun and its preceding theme—is elided. It also proposes that ellipsis is a narrow syntax operation that removes only phonological feature matrices of terminals including lexical items, but preserves their formal feature matrices (cf. Abels 2012). As a result, since elided elements do not have an appropriate venue for inserting phonological features at PF, they are not pronounced. However, they are able to participate in formal operations occurring after ellipsis, contra Baltin (2007, 2012) and Aelbrecht (2010). This is supported by the fact that elements elided inside VP, which have been deprived of their phonological feature matrices, can establish an Agree relation with a head outside the ellipsis site or move farther out of the ellipsis site in narrow syntax. The article also argues that derivational ellipsis is constrained by a modified version of Richards’s (2016) Contiguity Theory.
Protestant Parishioners, Their Pastors, and Euthanasia
Authors: Graafland Wim , Groenewoud A. Stef , Pleizier T. Theo J. , Boer Theo A.
Published: September 2022

In the past, research was done in the Netherlands among pastors to study their attitudes and experiences regarding euthanasia. Also, the attitudes of protestant believers have been studied, however very superficially. This paper presents the results of a survey among 736 parishioners of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands about their experiences, views, and understanding of euthanasia and about what they expect from their pastor. Two-thirds of the respondents are positive about euthanasia being permissible in the Netherlands, and half of them consider euthanasia a possibility for themselves. A parishioner’s theological subdenomination (orthodox, evangelical, middle-orthodox, liberal) is related significantly to their views about euthanasia and pastoral care. Most parishioners value a central role for their pastor at the end of their lives, including those who would possibly consider euthanasia. The relevance of this survey is that a better insight in the parishioners’ wishes about euthanasia can improve the practice of pastoral care at the end of life.
Assurance for Implementing the State’s Responsibility to Protect: Lessons from Burundian Practice
Authors: Mbirigi Ferdinand
Published: September 2022

The state’s responsibility to protect is one of the well-established principles of international law recalled by the Resolution a/res/60/1 of 16 September 2005. Given the controversies surrounding the scope of the principle, this paper analyses the practice of its implementation with a particular focus on Burundi which withdrew from the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on 27 October 2017. The reflection consisted in collecting and analysing previous academic works and official documents inter alia national laws, international instruments, official statements, reports, and records of meeting on the responsibility to protect and related topics. The paper demonstrates that Burundi has made progress to build the state’s resilience to atrocity crimes by establishing a deterrent legal framework and institutional mechanisms. Nonetheless, these significant efforts failed to achieve the expected outcomes in terms of legal effect.
Relating Sound and Sight in Simulated Environments
Authors: Tsang Kevin Y. , Mannion Damien J.
Published: September 2022

The auditory signals at the ear can be affected by components arriving both directly from a sound source and indirectly via environmental reverberation. Previous studies have suggested that the perceptual separation of these contributions can be aided by expectations of likely reverberant qualities. Here, we investigated whether vision can provide information about the auditory properties of physical locations that could also be used to develop such expectations. We presented participants with audiovisual stimuli derived from 10 simulated real-world locations via a head-mounted display (HMD; ) or a web-based () delivery method. On each trial, participants viewed a first-person perspective rendering of a location before hearing a spoken utterance that was convolved with an impulse response that was from a location that was either the same as (congruent) or different to (incongruent) the visually-depicted location. We find that audiovisual congruence was associated with an increase in the probability of participants reporting an audiovisual match of about 0.22 (95% credible interval: ), and that participants were more likely to confuse audiovisual pairs as matching if their locations had similar reverberation times. Overall, this study suggests that human perceivers have a capacity to form expectations of reverberation from visual information. Such expectations may be useful for the perceptual challenge of separating sound sources and reverberation from within the signal available at the ear.
Linkages between Amplified Quasi-Stationary Waves and Humid Heat Extremes in Northern Hemisphere Midlatitudes
Authors: Lin Qiyan , Yuan Jiacan
Published: September 2022

Humid heat extremes, taking account of both temperature and humidity, have adverse impacts on society, particularly on human health. It has been suggested that quasi-stationary waves (QSWs) with anomalously high amplitudes contribute to the occurrence of near-surface precipitation extremes and temperature extremes in the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. However, little attention has been paid to the linkages between amplified QSWs and humid heat extremes. Using the ERA5 dataset, we identify amplified QSWs of zonal wavenumbers 5–7 (Wave 5–7) in summer months from 1979 to 2020. These amplified QSWs show clear circumglobal wave patterns horizontally and nearly barotropic structure vertically. Linking amplified Wave 5–7 to wet-bulb temperature (WBT) extremes, we find that amplified QSWs preferentially induce prominently prolonged WBT extremes in specific regions: north-central North America for amplified Wave 5; western United States, south-central Asia, and eastern Asia for amplified Wave 6; and western Europe and the Caspian Sea region for amplified Wave 7. Analyses of physical processes indicate that, accompanied by the amplification of Wave 5–7, the changes in horizontal temperature advection, adiabatic heating associated with descending motion, downward solar radiation, moisture transport and moisture flux convergence, and surface latent heat fluxes largely account for the increase in persistence of WBT extremes.

Significance Statement

In the context of climate change, humid heat extremes exhibit different changes and impacts from high-temperature extremes, but the physical processes that may cause them remain unclear. This study aims to explore the atmospheric dynamic processes leading to the concurrence of humid heat extremes, which may exacerbate the risk from heat stress in today’s interconnected world. In specific regions over the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, durations of humid heat extremes are found to be elevated simultaneously by amplified quasi-stationary waves. We further identify the physical connections between amplified quasi-stationary waves and humid heat extremes over targeted regions. This would help in better understanding the role of changing atmospheric circulations in the humid heat extremes.
Internal Ocean Dynamics Contribution to North Atlantic Interdecadal Variability Strengthened by Ocean–Atmosphere Thermal Coupling
Authors: Arzel Olivier , Huck Thierry , Hochet Antoine , Mussa Alexandre
Published: September 2022

Identifying the primary drivers of North Atlantic interdecadal climate variability is crucial for improving climatic prediction over the coming decades. Here the effect of thermal coupling on the leading energy sources of the interdecadal variability of the ocean–atmosphere system is examined by means of a stochastically forced idealized coupled model. The effect of coupling is quantified from a comparison of the buoyancy variance budget of coupled and uncoupled model configurations. The simplicity of the model allows us to contrast the effect of coupling between a supercritical regime where the deterministic ocean dynamics drive the variability and a damped regime where noise forcing is central to its existence. The results show that changes in surface buoyancy fluxes act as a sink of temperature variance in the supercritical regime, and only become a source in the strongly damped regime. By contrast, internal ocean dynamics associated with the interaction of transient buoyancy fluxes with mean buoyancy gradients always act as a source of interdecadal variability. In addition to the reduced thermal damping effect in coupled integrations, thermal coupling with the atmosphere is shown to significantly increase the role of internal ocean dynamics in the variability, particularly in the regime where interdecadal modes are damped. Only for oceanic background states in the strongly damped regime do changes in surface buoyancy fluxes play a leading role in the upper-ocean variability. A stochastically forced coupled box model is proposed that captures the basic effect of thermal coupling on atmospheric and oceanic energy sources of variability.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to better understand the impact of ocean–atmosphere thermal coupling on the leading energy sources of Atlantic interdecadal variability. Increasing our understanding of the physical mechanisms driving climate variability at interdecadal time scales is important to improve climate prediction. We show that the effect of ocean–atmosphere thermal coupling, as measured by the atmospheric feedback on sea surface temperature anomalies, is to substantially increase the role of internal ocean dynamics in the low-frequency variability of the upper-ocean heat content and sea surface temperature. Atmospheric stochastic forcing only becomes the primary driver of the oceanic temperature variability in the large dissipative limit, when internal ocean modes are strongly damped.
Conservative Surface Wave Effects on a Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling System
Authors: Wang Peng , McWilliams James C. , Wang Dongxiao , Yi Daling Li
Published: September 2022

Upwelling brings deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the euphotic zone, enhancing biological primary productivity. Coastal upwelling is affected by various factors, such as winds, topography, and tides. However, it remains unclear how the upwelling is affected by surface waves, particularly the Stokes drift and its related forces, that is, conservative wave effects. Here using a coupled wave–circulation model, we examined how conservative wave effects impact the wind-driven coastal upwelling system over an idealized continental shelf. We showed that conservative wave effects reduce upwelling but enhance downwelling; consequently, the amount of deep cold water brought up to the surface by upwelling is reduced with waves, leading to a weaker upwelling front than that without waves. Conservative wave effects also change the potential vorticity (PV) fluxes across the sea surface/bottom and alter the thickness of surface/bottom negative-PV layers. In addition, conservative wave effects modify the turbulent thermal wind (TTW) associated with the upwelling front, forming a Stokes–TTW balance. Further, we studied sensitivities of the upwelling and downwelling magnitudes to four parameters: wave height, wind stress, shelf slope, and wave incident angle. We combined these parameters into a single nondimensional number that can indicate when conservative wave effects need to be included in the upwelling and downwelling.

Significance Statement

Upwelling is important to the marine ecosystem because it enhances biological primary productivity by bringing nutrient-rich water to the euphotic zone from depths. However, it remains unclear how the upwelling is affected by ubiquitous surface waves. Here using numerical simulations, we showed that Stokes drift and its related forces due to surface waves reduce upwelling but enhance downwelling. It implies that there could be a substantial bias in the estimation of upwelling and downwelling if surface waves are not considered. Further, we proposed a nondimensional number to indicate when surface waves need to be considered in the upwelling and downwelling.
Post-Trauma Discharge Instructions: Are We Dropping the Ball?
Authors: Flippin J. Alford , DeMario Belinda S. , Adomshick Victoria J. , Stanley Samuel P. , Truong Evelyn I , Hendrickson Sarah , Kalina Mark A. , Lasinski Alaina M. , Ho Vanessa P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Complex follow-up plans for polytrauma patients are compiled at the end of hospitalization into discharge instructions. We sought to identify how often patient discharge instructions incorrectly communicated specialist recommendations. We hypothesized that patients with more complex hospitalizations would have more discharge instruction errors (DI-errors).

Methods

We reviewed adult trauma inpatients (March 2017-March 2018), excluding those who left against medical advice or were expected to follow up outside our system. Complex hospitalizations were represented using injury severity (ISS), hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit length of stay (iLOS), and number of consultants (NC). We recorded the type of consultant (surgical or nonsurgical), and consultant recommendations for follow-up. DI-errors were defined as either follow-up necessary but omitted or follow-up not necessary yet present on the instructions. Patients with DI-errors were compared to patients without DI-errors. Groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum or chi-square (alpha <.05).

Results

We included 392 patients (median age 45 [IQR 26-58], ISS 14 [10-21], LOS 6 [3-11]). 55 patients (14%) had DI-errors. Factors associated with DI-errors included the total number of consultants and use of nonsurgical consultants. ISS, LOS, iLOS, were not associated with DI-errors.

Conclusion

Common measures of admission complexity were not associated with DI-errors, although the number and type of consultants were associated with DI-errors. Non-surgical specialty consultant recommendations were more likely to be omitted. It is crucial for patients to receive accurate discharge instructions, and systematic processes are needed to improve communication with the patients at discharge.
A co-produced online cultural experience compared to a typical museum website for mental health in people aged 16–24: A proof-of-principle randomised controlled trial
Authors: Syed Sheriff Rebecca J , Vuorre Matti , Riga Evgenia , Przybylski Andrew K , Adams Helen , Harmer Catherine J , Geddes John R
Published: September 2022

The mental health of young people (YP) is a major public health concern that has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whilst engaging with culture and the arts may have mental health benefits there is a dearth of experimental research regarding the impact of online arts and culture on depression and anxiety in YP. In particular online interventions, which may improve accessibility.

Objective:

We aimed to compare a co-produced online intervention encompassing the diverse human stories behind art and artefacts, named Ways of Being (WoB), with a typical museum website, the Ashmolean (Ash) on negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA) and psychological distress (K10).

Methods:

In this parallel group RCT, 463 YP aged 16-24 were randomly assigned, 231 to WoB and 232 to Ash.

Results:

Over the intervention phase (an aggregate score including all post-allocation timepoints to day-five) a group difference was apparent in favour of WoB for NA (WoB-Ash n=448, NA -0.158, p=0.010) but no differences were detected for PA or K10 and differences were not detected at week six. Group differences in NA in favour of WoB were detected in specific subgroups, e.g. ethnic minorities and males. Across participants (from both groups) mean K10 and NA improved between baseline and six weeks despite increased COVID-19 restrictions. Trial recruitment was rapid, retention high and feedback positive with broad geographical, occupational and ethnic diversity.

Conclusions:

Online engagement with arts and culture has the potential to impact on mental health in a measurable way in YP with high unmet mental health needs.
A Description of Apixaban Dosing Patterns for Treatment or Prevention of Thrombotic Events in Hospitalized Patients on Dialysis
Authors: White Brittany Noelle , Van Berkel Patel Megan , Ware Jason , Cutshall Tate , Sakaan Sami , Sawyer Adam Joshua
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Apixaban is currently the only oral direct factor Xa inhibitor approved for treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients on hemodialysis. Exclusion of dialysis patients from major clinical trials results in prescriber uncertainty regarding the optimal dose of apixaban for VTE treatment in this population. This study sought to characterize the variance in apixaban prescribing patterns for thrombotic indications other than atrial fibrillation. Methods: This retrospective, multi-center, descriptive study analyzed apixaban dosing patterns for hospitalized chronic dialysis patients with history of thrombosis. The primary outcome was incidence of deviation from manufacturer recommendations for dosing, assessed for either a new start or receipt prior to hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included observation of recurrent thrombotic and bleeding event rates during subsequent hospitalizations. Patients were analyzed into subgroups according to type of thrombotic indication for treatment. Data are reported with descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 101 patients were included. Deviations in recommended dosing were observed in 53 of 80 (66.2%) patients receiving apixaban for treatment of acute or chronic thrombosis. Of 44 patients started on apixaban during hospitalization for the indication of acute VTE, a dose deviation was observed in 79.5% of patients. Rates of rehospitalization for recurrent thrombotic events and bleeding were 11.8% and 9.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Variation in apixaban prescribing practices for the treatment of VTE in dialysis patients is common, suggesting an urgent need for prospective studies and updated dosing guidance to optimize safety with apixaban use in this population.
Social courage promotes organizational identification via crafting social resources at work: A repeated-measures study
Authors: Kaltiainen Janne , Virtanen Anniina , Hakanen Jari J
Published: September 2022

What may individuals themselves do to enhance their identification with their employer organization? Does being socially courageous promote such formation of identity? If so, does this process occur because those who are socially courageous also proactively foster positive relationships and collaboration amongst co-workers and thus enhance social resources at work? Answering these questions is essential given that positive relationships and identification at work are essential for employees’ motivation and well-being and organizations’ success. Using conservation of resources theory, we expected that increases in workplace social courage would strengthen organizational identification via boosting increases in two types of relational job crafting, namely crafting relationships and collaboration, which in turn were expected to increase three social resources at work: meaningful relationships, relational identification, and social support. Findings based on a sample of 2919 employees who participated in the study twice, in late 2019 and late 2020, largely supported our hypotheses. Findings suggest that crafting social aspects of work can increase social resources and help maintain positive attachment with one’s workplace, and such relational crafting may be fostered by being socially courageous at work. This applied similarly to those who increasingly teleworked because of the COVID-19 related social restrictions and those who did not.
Role of forensic medicine in addressing the war crimes: Perspective from Russia-Ukraine conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cioffi Andrea , Cecannecchia Camilla
Published: September 2022

The International Criminal Court has recently opened an investigation into the international crimes committed on Ukrainian territory. The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war is a tragic opportunity for a necessary critical and scientific reading of the Rome Statute. In our work, we aim to critically analyse the contents of the International Criminal Court's Rome Statute, with particular attention to the definition and listing of war crimes. Our objective is to assess whether the content of the Rome Statute and the Geneva Convention is useful to provide a correct and complete orientation of the medico-legal work in the context of war. We believe, in fact, that the forensic pathologists, and forensic experts in general, are the only professional figures specialised in providing scientific evidence of crimes compatible with war crimes. Their timely intervention and the standardisation of their work – in association with a review of the deficient content found in the Rome Statute – is essential in order to allow the prosecution of international crimes, already potentially undermined by the slowdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic that is the backdrop to the current conflict.
Religious Nationalism, a Global Ethic, and the Culture of Encounter
Authors: Hollenbach David
Published: September 2022

This article sketches the global ethic proposed by Hans Küng and how Pope Francis’s writings on a culture of encounter help advance it. Religious nationalism impedes the development of this global ethic. Küng’s global ethic resists this nationalism and Francis’s approach provides guidance on whether the local or the global should take priority in concrete circumstances. The contributions of Küng and the pope are complementary and together can advance the ethic needed for greater justice and peace in a globalizing world.
Beyond “The Anonymous Christian”: Reconsidering Rahner on Grace and Salvation
Authors: Lennan Richard
Published: September 2022

Karl Rahner acknowledged freely that “the anonymous Christian,” as a category, could be problematic. His interest, he stressed, was not in the term but in understanding the universality of God’s grace and the access of all people to grace. Reception of Rahner’s theology of salvation, however, has often neglected this broader framework to focus on the term itself. This article, which engages Rahner’s theology of grace in both its ecclesiological setting and its universal reach, argues that this theology can be an asset to dialogue even in the context of religious pluralism.
Catholicity and Translatability: Renewing Rahner on the World Church
Authors: Fritz Peter Joseph
Published: September 2022

Karl Rahner famously proclaimed that Vatican II marked the beginning of a new Christian epoch, that of the “world church” ( Weltkirche). He also proposed that the Catholic Church develop a global pastoral-strategic plan for the world church. This recommendation needs updating. This can occur through conversation with theologians engaged with Christianity in the Global South: Lamin Sanneh and Gemma Tulud Cruz. They offer ideas regarding the translatability and emerging inclusivity involved in the concrete, localized performances of ecclesial life that constitute the world church. Combined with Rahner’s rendering of the nexus between Christology and ecclesiology, these ideas can impel and guide attempts to think through and live out the church’s catholicity today.
The experiences of spiritual enlightenment: A mixed-method study of the development of a Spiritual Enlightenment Experience Scale
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhou Xiaochen , Ng Siu-man
Published: September 2022

This article aims to explore contemplative (pray or meditation) practitioners’ direct lived experiences of enlightenment and develop a multi-item scale measuring these experiences. A mixed-method approach was adopted. The first study is a phenomenological study that interviewed 24 participants with enlightenment experiences and the second study is a scale-development study that recruited 1130 participants for scale validation. Two major clusters of the enlightenment experiences including sensory feelings and nondual realizations emerged from the phenomenological study and the four main themes of the realizations were formed: intrapersonal insights, inspiration internalization, interpersonal compassion, and interconnectedness. After exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), a three-factor structure of the Spiritual Enlightenment Experience Scale (SEES), including nonduality, sensory clarity, and sensory disappearance were revealed. The findings of the research depicted a fuller picture of spiritual enlightenment experiences which may contribute to the current knowledge of religiosity and spirituality, as well as transpersonal psychology. The results suggest that the core components of spiritual enlightenment experiences include sensory clarity and disappearance experiences and realizations of nonduality.
Family Connect: The Pilot Test of a Cross-Systems Behavioral Health Treatment Referral and Linkage Intervention for Youth on Probation
Authors: Elkington Katherine S. , Robson Gail , Sichel Corianna E. , Lee Jacqueline , Wasserman Gail A.
Published: September 2022

Despite high rates of substance use, youth involved in the juvenile justice system are unlikely to be linked to the treatment services they need. Family Connect is a flexible, family-focused, linkage intervention developed to address multilevel barriers and increase youth engagement in care through the introduction of a linkage specialist. We describe the components of Family Connect and present findings from the intervention pilot test comparing 18 youth–caregiver dyads to 95 historical controls on referral, attending intake and initiating treatment. Results indicated preliminary support for Family Connect as an approach to increase cross-systems linkage and access to behavioral health care. Findings also suggested support for the feasibility of the intervention and indicated that justice-involved youth and their caregivers found the intervention to be acceptable. In addition to discussing our findings in the context of recent justice reforms, and the importance of improving access to treatment, we make recommendations to inform a future trial of Family Connect.
Trans Students, Mandatory Policy, and the South Australian Context: What Can a Policy Do?
Authors: Bartholomaeus Clare , Riggs Damien W.
Published: September 2022

This commentary reflects on what it means to have a mandatory policy for supporting trans students in education settings, drawing on the South Australian context. The authors argue that for policy to be productive, it needs to move beyond a document to being implemented in practice.
Developing Students’ Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Talent in Rural After-School Settings: Rural Educators’ Affordances and Barriers
Authors: Ihrig Lori M. , Assouline Susan G. , Mahatmya Duhita , Lynch Stephanie G.
Published: September 2022

This study uses a naturalistic inquiry approach to investigate how rural educators navigate the affordances and barriers of implementing an out-of-school program to identify and develop middle school STEM talent in rural communities. At the time of this study, the STEM program was in its fourth year of implementation. Participants included 34 educators and 324 students in Grades 6–8 across 10 school districts in a predominately rural state. We used maximum variation purposive sampling to select 3 of the 10 districts as case study sites. The cross-case analysis resulted in the themes of (a) exercising local control, (b) expanding community for advanced STEM learning, and (c) leveraging the intersectionality of rurality, local agency, and expanded resources. One implication is that when supported with resources, rural educators will leverage the systems of their schools and communities to create robust ecosystems for advanced STEM talent development.
Mutual Constitution of Genre and Knowledge: The case of genre resistance in the French diplomatic occupational community
Authors: Baylon Donoxti , Barros Marcos
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we study the relationship between genre and knowledge in the dynamics of occupational resistance to genre change. Using critical genre analysis, we investigate the response of French diplomats to the introduction of modifications in a key institutionalized communicative practice, the diplomatic telegram. As the organization modified genre rules for knowledge distribution, the perceived loss of control over audience and purpose threatened the elite occupational community values of autonomy and secrecy. In response, diplomats subverted the new organizational communicative practices by invalidating its content through knowledge fragmentation, repetition and depletion. At the same time, they enhanced the content of the hybrid new genre of the ‘political email’, through knowledge integration, differentiation and amplification. Our work contributes to critical genre analysis by revealing the political dimension of organizational genre change for elite occupational communities. Also, in examining the relationship between genre and knowledge, we identified genre resistance mechanisms that (de)authorized communicative practices by (in)validating knowledge. Our work suggests that genre resistance is an essential tool for elite occupational communities, whose power depends on control over esoteric knowledge.
‘We’re Not a White Fella Organization’: Hybridity and friction in the contact zone between local kinship relations and audit culture in an Indigenous organization
Authors: Cutcher Leanne , Dale Karen
Published: September 2022

Our paper contributes to studies of Indigenous organizing and organizations. We draw on Indigenous knowledge which recognizes that everything is connected within networks of relationships to extend post-colonial theory on hybridity. Our case study research with Australia’s only Indigenous-owned credit union identifies how hybridity is co-constituted through ‘friction’ in the ‘contact zone’ where local kinship relations and audit practices meet and grapple. Focusing on the ‘contact zone’ allows us to better understand the everyday organizing that produces hybridity. We build on existing work on hybridities in organizations which predominately focus on issues of language and knowledge by focusing on the organizational interactions themselves, especially the embedded interactions between humans and objects. Seeing these interactions as ‘friction’ means not trying to solve or dissolve them – but to acknowledge them as lived realities of an Indigenous organization.
Parental Alienating Behaviours Experienced by Alienated Grandparents
Authors: Bounds Olivia , Matthewson Mandy
Published: September 2022

This study explored parental alienating behaviours experienced by grandparents with limited or no contact with their grandchildren. Twelve alienated grandparents participated in semi-structured interviews investigating their experience of alienation. The data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Alienated grandparents reported being exposed to 13 parental alienating behaviours used by the alienating parent. These behaviours are consistent with those reported by targeted parents and adult alienated children in other studies. This study showed that parental alienating behaviours also affects grandparent-child relationships. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of parental alienation on grandparents and the wider family system.
The creation of capitalist time: Rethinking primitive accumulation through conservation
Authors: Suell David Thomas
Published: September 2022

Scholars have revived the concept of primitive accumulation to describe how explicit violence is an ongoing and structural, rather than simply historical, tool for capitalist domination. However, the relationship between the logic of capitalism and history of capitalism remains obscured. Capitalism is politically enforced and hegemonic, but ongoing instances of capitalist violence repeatedly appear as though they were breaking new ground or finding new frontiers for capitalist growth. In this paper, I offer a novel framework for understanding how primitive accumulation not only creates a capitalist material order but also a temporal order that motivates and reproduces capitalist violence. Focusing on Maasai conflicts over conservation lands in Kenya and Tanzania, I describe how primitive accumulation imposes the historical narratives that naturalize capitalism, ecological rhythms that suppress competing lifeways, and identity categories that marginalize dispossessed populations by characterizing them as primitive. This account advances key debates about settler-colonialism, racial capitalism, and potential resistance by clarifying how disproportionate harm against particular populations is justified, how those justifications reproduce and naturalize capitalist domination, and how temporality represents not only a site of domination but also political struggle.