bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Melt Crystallization
Authors: Hao Hongxun , Xiao Yan
Published: February 2020

As an environment-friendly, low energy cost and efficient separation technique without usage of solvents, melt crystallization has found application in many industry areas, such as fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and so on. This chapter is focused on the development and application of the continuous melt crystallization process. The basic conceptions and theoretical basis about melt crystallization were introduced at the beginning. Then, different kinds of continuous melt crystallizers and their characters were summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the applications of the continuous melt crystallization method in separation of organics, preparation of ultra-pure materials and concentration areas were briefly summarized. Finally, the outlook for the development of the continuous melt crystallization technique and apparatus were discussed.
Direct growth of a porous substrate on high-quality graphene via in situ phase inversion of a polymeric solution
Authors: Qin Yanzhe , Koehler Stephan , Hu Yongyou , Wu Yuqing , Peng Xinwen , Ni Ming
Published: February 2020

Direct growth of a polymeric porous substrate on high-quality graphene.
Unveiling the size effect of Pt-on-Au nanostructures on CO and methanol electrooxidation by in situ electrochemical SERS
Authors: Chen Xing , Liang Miao-Miao , Xu Juan , Sun Han-Lei , Wang Chen , Wei Jie , Zhang Hua , Yang Wei-Min , Yang Zhi-Lin , Sun Jian-Jun , Tian Zhong-Qun , Li Jian-Feng
Published: February 2020

Size effects of Pt on electrooxidation are revealed by in situ electrochemical SERS using bifunctional Au–Pt core–satellite nanocomposites.
Ligand-assisted capping growth of self-supporting ultrathin FeNi-LDH nanosheet arrays with atomically dispersed chromium atoms for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Xie Xiuyuan , Cao Changsheng , Wei Wenbo , Zhou Shenghua , Wu Xin-Tao , Zhu Qi-Long
Published: February 2020

Ligand-assisted capping grown ultrathin FeNi-LDH nanosheet arrays with atomically dispersed Cr atoms afford an exceptional activity for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Squaramide-catalysed asymmetric cascade reactions of 2,3-dioxopyrrolidines with 3-chlorooxindoles
Authors: Wen Jiang-Bo , Du Da-Ming
Published: February 2020

An efficient squaramide-catalysed asymmetric Michael addition/cyclization cascade reaction of 3-chlorooxindoles with 2,3-dioxopyrrolidines produced the corresponding chiral spiro-compounds in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities.
Synthesis of indolo- and pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones through a palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of the C2 position of indole
Authors: Chandrasekhar Attoor , Sankararaman Sethuraman
Published: February 2020

A methodology that involves the Pd-catalyzed direct C(sp2)–H bond carbonylation of the C2 position of indole has been introduced for the synthesis of indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-6(5H)-ones.
Radical polymerization reactions for amplified biodetection signals
Authors: Kim Seunghyeon , Sikes Hadley D.
Published: February 2020

This review summarizes various radical polymerization chemistries for amplifying biodetection signals and compares them from the practical point of view.
Manipulating the helix–coil transition profile of synthetic polypeptides by leveraging side-chain molecular interactions
Authors: Song Ziyuan , Tan Zhengzhong , Zheng Xuetao , Fu Zihuan , Ponnusamy Ettigounder , Cheng Jianjun
Published: February 2020

Based on the pH-sensitive, conformationally tunable triazole polypeptides, we reported the manipulation of helix–coil transition profile determined by the leveraging interactions of the triazole and other side-chain helix-influencing ligands.
Molecular dynamics simulations of solvent effects on the crystal morphology of lithium carbonate
Authors: Chen Hang , Duan Shaojun , Sun Yuzhu , Song Xingfu , Yu Jianguo
Published: February 2020

Molecular dynamics simulation investigations of the crystal morphology of lithium carbonate with the solvent effect.
Adhesion and bactericidal properties of nanostructured surfaces dependent on bacterial motility
Authors: Jindai Keisuke , Nakade Kazuki , Masuda Kyosuke , Sagawa Takashi , Kojima Hiroaki , Shimizu Tomohiro , Shingubara Shoso , Ito Takeshi
Published: February 2020

Bactericidal effect derived from nanostructured surface was evaluated in the point of view of the motility of E. coli. The results suggest that the properties strongly depend on bacterial motility.
Multilayer carbon materials prepared from Zanthoxylum schinifolium husk for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Yin Haiyan , Zheng Hong , Yang Liu , Wang Shuya , Liu Lian
Published: February 2020

By choosing Zanthoxylum schinifolium husk as a new precursor, successfully prepared nitrogen self-doped layered porous carbon, which exhibited excellent electrochemical performance.
Development of Prosopis juliflora carbon-reinforced PET bottle waste-based epoxy-blended bio-phenolic benzoxazine composites for advanced applications
Authors: Selvaraj V. , Raghavarshini T. R. , Alagar M.
Published: February 2020

Schematic representation of development of functionalised Prosopis juliflora carbon (f-PJC) reinforced PET-epoxy resin (PETEP) blended bio-phenolic (cardanol) based benzoxazine (CBz) hybrid composites for high performance applications.
Anti-biofouling effect of a thin film nanocomposite membrane with a functionalized-carbon-nanotube-blended polymeric support for the pressure-retarded osmosis process
Authors: Kim Yeji , Yang Eunmok , Park Hosik , Choi Heechul
Published: February 2020

The anti-biofouling effect and characteristics of a thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane with a functionalized-carbon-nanotube-blended polymeric support layer for the pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process.
Preparation of high-permeance ceramic microfiltration membranes using a pore-sealing method
Authors: Qin Wu , Zhang Yi , Wu Jianqing
Published: February 2020

A pore-sealing method for preparation of high-permeance alumina microfiltration (MF) membranes free of any intermediate layers is presented.
His18 promotes reactive oxidative stress production in copper-ion mediated human islet amyloid polypeptide aggregation
Authors: Huo Gengyang , Chen Wenyong , Wang Jianhua , Chu Xinxing , Xu Wei , Li Bin , Zhang Yi , Xu Binqian , Zhou Xingfei
Published: February 2020

His18 promotes H2O2 production in copper-ion mediated hIAPP aggregation.
An acrylate AIE-active dye with a two-photon fluorescent switch for fluorescent nanoparticles by RAFT polymerization: synthesis, molecular structure and application in cell imaging
Authors: Huang Zengfang , Chen Yali , Wang Runze , Zhou Chaoyue , Liu Xiaobo , Mao Liucheng , Yuan Jinying , Tao Lei , Wei Yen
Published: February 2020

This work reported the synthesis of a novel acrylate AIE-active dye with a reversible two-photon fluorescent switch and its amphiphilic PEG-TM polymers via RAFT polymerization, which are attractive for applications in cell imaging.
Optical monitoring of polymerizations in droplets with high temporal dynamic range
Authors: Cavell Andrew C. , Krasecki Veronica K. , Li Guoping , Sharma Abhishek , Sun Hao , Thompson Matthew P. , Forman Christopher J. , Guo Si Yue , Hickman Riley J. , Parrish Katherine A. , Aspuru-Guzik Alán , Cronin Leroy , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Goldsmith Randall H.
Published: February 2020

Two complementary measurements, fluorescence polarization anisotropy and aggregation-induced emission, allow for in situ optical monitoring of polymerization reaction progress in droplets across varying temporal regimes of the reaction.
Tripyrrin-armed isosmaragdyrins: synthesis, heterodinuclear coordination, and protonation-triggered helical inversion
Authors: Li Chengjie , Zhang Kai , Ishida Masatoshi , Li Qizhao , Shimomura Keito , Baryshnikov Glib , Li Xin , Savage Mathew , Wu Xin-Yan , Yang Sihai , Furuta Hiroyuki , Xie Yongshu
Published: February 2020

A tripyrrin-armed isosmaragdyrin containing a β,β-linked bipyrrole moiety has been synthesized from a linear octapyrrole, and the succeeding metallation afforded an enantiomer pair of mononuclear NiII- and heterodinuclear NiII/CuII-complexes that exhibit P- and M-helices.
Robust synthesis of NIR-emissive P-rhodamine fluorophores
Authors: Sauer Maria , Nasufovic Veselin , Arndt Hans-Dieter , Vilotijevic Ivan
Published: February 2020

A library of P-rhodamines was prepared via a new robust sequence that creates the core heterocycle by addition of diaryllithium reagents to esters. The first SAR study for P-rhodamines shows that they are NIR-emissive and highly bright fluorophores.
Preparation of platinum nanoparticles using iron(ii) as reductant and photosensitized H2 generation on an iron storage protein scaffold
Authors: Benavides Brenda S. , Valandro Silvano , Kurtz Donald M.
Published: February 2020

An assembly of platinum nanoparticles produced by Fe(ii) reduction of Pt(ii) and stabilized by human heavy chain ferritin's native catalysis of Fe(ii)(aq) autoxidation functions as an efficient photosensitized H2 evolution catalyst.
Performance analysis of NOMA systems over Rayleigh fading channels with successive‐interference cancellation
Authors: Ahmed Mohamad A. , Baz Abdullah , Tsimenidis Charalampos C.
Published: February 2020

In this study, non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered for multiusers wireless communications over Rayleigh fading channel. The base station (BS) utilises NOMA technique to secure connectivity, users fairness and high spectral efficiency for multiusers with different channel conditions. Moreover, a power allocation mechanism is applied at the BS by giving each user its required power allocation factor (PAF) in order to share the available power. Therefore, this technique allows the users of interest to communicate with the BS over the same frequency band simultaneously in the power domain. Moreover, successive interference cancellation is applied for users with the lower PAF to remove the strong signal of the other users. Furthermore, exact expressions are derived for different performance metrics, and the probability density function of the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio is derived at each terminal and then exploited to obtain the outage probability and the probability of error. The performance analysis is verified via Monte–Carlo simulations demonstrating closed‐match with theoretical analysis.
Proposal of spread spectrum MSK for BDS RDSS signal modulation
Authors: Wang Lei , Huang Xinming , Li Jingyuan , Tang Xiaomei , Wang Feixue
Published: February 2020

BPSK is the basis of current GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals. BDS (Beidou navigation satellite system) RDSS (Radio Determination Satellite Service) system also adopts BPSK to realize communication and ranging simultaneously. To realize higher system capacity, RDSS signals overlap in time and frequency domain. The signal performance is heavily determined by the MAI (Multiple Access Interference) between overlapping signals. In this paper, SSMSK (spread spectrum MSK) is proposed. The signal performance is investigated under four conditions considering the main lobe bandwidth and the receiver bandwidth. The maximum number of overlapping signals for SSMSK is 11.7% higher than BPSK when the receiver bandwidth is for the side subcarrier. And the value is 10.6% when the receiver bandwidth is. SSMSK can be received utilizing BPSK local signal. When the receiving bandwidth is , the correlation peak of SSMSK_BPSK is identical to BPSK. The tracking accuracy of SSMSK is higher than BPSK when the correlation interval is between 0.2‐1 chips. The accuracy of SSMSK_BPSK is higher than BPSK when the correlation interval is 0.5 chips. The disadvantage of SSMSK is larger quantization word length. SSMSK is a better modulation for RDSS based on the comprehensive performance.
Impact of PECVD μc-Si:H deposition on tunnel oxide for passivating contacts
Authors: Desthieux Anatole , Posada Jorge , Grand Pierre-Philippe , Broussillou Cédric , Bazer-Bachi Barbara , Goaer Gilles , Messou Davina , Bouttemy Muriel , Drahi Etienne , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere
Published: February 2020

Passivating contacts are becoming a mainstream option in current photovoltaic industry due to their ability to provide an outstanding surface passivation along with a good conductivity for carrier collection. However, their integration usually requires long annealing steps which are not desirable in industry. In this work we study PECVD as a way to carry out all deposition steps: silicon oxide (SiOx), doped polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) and silicon nitride (SiNx:H), followed by a single firing step. Blistering of the poly-Si layer has been avoided by depositing (p+) microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H). We report on the impact of this deposition step on the SiOx layer deposited by PECVD, and on the passivation properties by comparing PECVD and wet-chemical oxide in this hole-selective passivating contact stack. We have reached iVoc > 690 mV on p-type FZ wafers for wet-chemical SiOx\(p+) μc-Si\SiNx:H with no annealing step.
Vitamin D – Ein kritischer Blick auf die Studienlage
Authors: Fuss Carmina Teresa , Fassnacht Martin
Published: February 2020

Was ist Vitamin-D-Mangel? Die Definition des Vitamin-D-Mangels ist weiterhin umstritten und unter anderem schwierig, da die vorhandenen Labormethoden ungenau und vor allem nicht harmonisiert sind. Einigkeit herrscht zumindest darüber, dass ein 25-OH-Vitamin-D-Spiegel unter 12 ng/ml als behandlungsbedürftig gilt, wohingegen Werte über 20 ng/ml in der Regel ausreichend sind, sodass keine Substitution notwendig ist.

Die vermeintlich pleiotrope Wirkung von Vitamin D Während die Wirkungen von Vitamin D auf den Knochenstoffwechsel gut bekannt sind, gibt es zunehmend Hinweise auf weitere, pleiotrope Effekte des Hormons auf andere Gewebe. Verschiedene Assoziationsstudien beschreiben den Vitamin-D-Mangel als möglichen Risikofaktor für eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Erkrankungen. Zu einigen relevanten Erkrankungen gibt es nun randomisierte und kontrollierte Interventionsstudien:
Hyperkalzämie
Authors: Kettritz Ralph
Published: February 2020

Was ist neu?

Hyperkalzämie: Gesamtkalzium versus ionisiertes Kalzium Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen eine unzureichende Korrelation des Gesamt-Ca2 + mit dem ionisierten Ca2 + – selbst nach Anwendung von Korrekturformeln. Das ionisierte Ca2 + stellt jedoch das biologisch aktive Ca2 + dar und sollte bei Verdacht auf Störungen des Kalziumstoffwechsels, insbesondere bei Patienten mit chronischen Nierenerkrankungen, in der Diagnostik nicht fehlen.

Der Kalziumsensing-Rezeptor (CaSR) und seine Rolle bei der PTH-Freisetzung und renalen Kalziumausscheidung Genetische CaSR-Varianten führen zu familiärer hypokalziurischer Hyperkalzämie. Kenntnisse der CaSR- und PTH-abhängigen Mechanismen der renalen Ca2 +-Rückresorption verdeutlichen, welche therapeutischen Implikationen die präzise Aufarbeitung von Patienten mit Hyperparathyreoidismus hat.

Diuretika und Hyperkalzämie Diuretika modulieren die renale Ca2 +-Rückresorption und können sowohl eine Hyperkalzämie fördern als auch zur Behandlung derselben eingesetzt werden. Effekte etablierter und derzeit getesteter neuer Diuretika auf die renale Ca2 +-Elimination werden vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert.
Die große Freiheit – Eine Ergotherapeutin promoviert in den USA
Authors: Raß Lisa
Published: February 2020

Die Schweizerin Vera Kaelin lebt seit einem Jahr in Chicago, um dort zu promovieren. Wir haben die Ergotherapeutin per Skype gefragt, wie es dazu kam und wie ihr Leben jetzt aussieht. Sie lacht sehr viel, während sie am frühen Morgen über ihre Forschung und ihre Motivation erzählt – und vom völlig anderen Lebensgefühl in den Staaten.
Werden wir mit unseren Modellen allen Klienten gerecht? – Kulturelle Vielfalt
Authors: le Granse Mieke
Published: February 2020

Ergotherapeutische Modelle strukturieren unser Denken und unsere Arbeit. Sobald wir mit Klienten aus einem anderen Kulturraum arbeiten, stoßen wir jedoch an unsere Grenzen. Das ist wenig verwunderlich, da viele unserer Modelle, Theorien und Forschungsarbeiten in der westlichen Kultur entwickelt wurden – meist von gesunden weißen Frauen.
Vergleich von 180-Watt-XPS-Greenlight-Laserung und transurethraler Elektroresektion der Prostata: Patienten- und Personalkomfort in der klinischen Routine
Authors: Lichtenberg Tobias , Wiedemann Andreas , Heppner Hans-Jürgen
Published: February 2020

Einleitung Die transurethrale Prostata-Resektion (TUR-P) gilt als Goldstandard in der operativen Behandlung des benignen Prostatasyndroms (BPS). Neben der klassischen TUR-P existieren zahlreiche technische Modifikationen des Verfahrens. Neuerdings erfahren auch Laserverfahren wie die 180-Watt-XPS™-Greenlight-Laserung der Prostata (GLL) eine größere Verbreitung.

Zielsetzung Die TUR-P und die GLL wurden bereits hinsichtlich ihrer Sicherheit, Effektivität und Ökonomie verglichen. Die vorliegende Studie beleuchtet Aspekte des postoperativen Patientenaufenthaltes und des Patientenkomforts z. B. anhand der Katheterdicke, der Spülungsintensität und des Schmerzscores.

Methoden: Anhand anonymisierter Patientenkurvenblätter und Schmerzerfassungsbögen wurden die Daten von 100 TUR-P- und 150 GLL-Patienten retrospektiv erfasst. Betrachtet wurden Prostataresektat-Gewicht (TUR-P), Energieabgabe (GLL), Prostatavolumen, Status der Gerinnungskompromittierung, Außendurchmesser und Liegedauer des Harnblasenkatheters, Dauer der Harnblasenspülung, Länge des stationären Aufenthaltes und postoperativer Schmerzverlauf.

Ergebnisse Dabei zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied im Prostatavolumen (p = 0,434). In der GLL-Gruppe fand sich ein signifikant höherer Anteil gerinnungskompromittierter Patienten (p < 0,0001). Der Außendurchmesser des intraoperativ eingebrachten Harnblasenkatheters unterschied sich nicht signifikant (p = 0,102). Die Liegedauer des Katheters und die Dauer der Harnblasenspülung waren in der GLL-Gruppe signifikant kürzer (p = 0,016 und p = 0,01). Bez. der Dauer des stationären Aufenthaltes zeigte sich die Tendenz zu einem kürzeren Aufenthalt nach GLL, ohne statistische Signifikanz zu erreichen (p = 0,233). Beide Behandlungsmethoden gingen mit geringen Schmerzen einher, welche kurz nach der Operation maximal ausgeprägt waren.

Zusammenfassung Die erfassten Unterschiede zeichnen die GLL – ein Verfahren, dem in der klinischen Routine gezielt gerinnungskompromittierte und multimorbide Patienten zugewiesen wurden – als Behandlungsmethode mit hohem postoperativem Patientenkomfort und Einsparpotenzial im pflegerischen Ressourcenverbrauch (Spülungsintensität und -dauer) aus.
Percutaneous or Side-Arm Graft Right Subclavian Artery Cannulation via Median Sternotomy
Authors: Cavozza Corrado , Campanella Antonio , Pasquale Pellegrino , Audo Andrea
Published: February 2020

Several cannulation sites alternative to the ascending aorta, such as femoral, right axillary, carotid, innominate artery, and, less commonly, apical sites, have been proposed. Cannulation of the right subclavian artery, through sternotomy, is one possible means of establishing cardiopulmonary bypass, hence avoiding a second surgical incision. In our experience, cardiopulmonary bypass flow was adequate and circulatory arrest with antegrade cerebral perfusion was successfully performed in all cases. There was no in-hospital mortality.
Photonic neuromorphic information processing and reservoir computing
Authors: Lugnan A. , Katumba A. , Laporte F. , Freiberger M. , Sackesyn S. , Ma C. , Gooskens E. , Dambre J. , Bienstman P.
Published: February 2020

Photonic neuromorphic computing is attracting tremendous research interest now, catalyzed in no small part by the rise of deep learning in many applications. In this paper, we will review some of the exciting work that has been going in this area and then focus on one particular technology, namely, photonic reservoir computing.
Low oxygen tension activates glucose metabolism, improves antioxidant capacity and augment developmental potential of ovine embryos in vitro
Authors: G. Ramesh Kumar , Mishra Ashish , Reddy I. J. , Dhali Arindam , Roy Sudhir C.
Published: February 2020

Context Oxygen (O2) is one of the most powerful regulators of embryo function. Nevertheless, most in vitro embryo production studies do not consider O2 as a determining factor. Aim The present study was designed to assess the effect of different O2 (5 and 20%) concentrations on the developmental ability and expression of genes related to cellular antioxidant functions and glucose metabolism in the in vitro produced ovine embryos. Methods In vitro sheep embryos were produced at different O2 (5 and 20%) concentrations as per the laboratory protocol. Developmental stages of embryos at different O2 concentrations were compared. Messenger RNA abundance of antioxidant and glucose metabolism genes in embryos produced at different O2 concentrations were compared. Key results No significant (P < 0.05) effect of different O2 concentrations on oocyte maturation and cleavage rate was observed. In contrast, significantly (P < 0.05) more number of morula and blastocysts were observed at 5 compared with 20%O2. The expression level of the genes related to antioxidant functions (GPX, SOD1, SOD2 and CAT) and glucose metabolism (G6PD and HPRT) were found significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the embryos generated with 5 compared with 20% O2. In contrast, the expression of GAPDH did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between the groups. Conclusions Ovine embryos at 5%O2 generated low ROS and synthesised more GSH due to the activation of G6PD and GPX that in turn increased the antioxidant capability and developmental potential of the embryos. Implications Embryos at higher O2 concentration (20%) generated more reactive oxygen species (ROS) that caused oxidative damage to the embryos and in turn reduced their developmental ability and alter gene expression.
China's coastal-wetland change analysis based on high-resolution remote sensing
Authors: Gao Yin , Cui Lijuan , Liu Jianjun , Li Wei , Lei Yinru
Published: February 2020

Coastal wetlands not only have abundant biodiversity and high productivity, but they also play an irreplaceable and important role in regional ecosystems. Because of the complex structure and dynamic characteristics of coastal wetlands, it is difficult to observe the spatial changes of coastal wetlands on a large scale and improve data reliability. In this study, a spatially constrained manual-interpretation method based on nationwide high-resolution images in 2017 was adopted to extract China’s coastal wetland distribution, and, then, the second national wetland-survey data from 2011 were used as a baseline for change analysis. The results showed that under the influence of natural conditions and human activities, China’s coastal wetlands have decreased in distribution in the past 6 years. The situation of coastal wetland reclamation is critical, and the hotspot regions are mainly distributed in Bohai Bay, middle of Jiangsu province and Hangzhou Bay. Farming reclamation is another factor that occupies coastal wetlands in China, and main occupied wetlands are mudflats, shallow sea, tidal flats, intertidal salt marshes and estuarine waters. Tide is the main factor affecting extraction of wetlands, the spatially constrained method had a positive effect on wetland detection, and has potential to improve automatic algorithms of complex coastal wetlands.
Metaphtonymy in the naming procedure of technological devices among South Tunisian old people
Authors: Boubakri Awatef , Boubakri Feten
Published: February 2020

The present research studies the naming procedure of technological devices among South Tunisian old people. This
study is a reconsideration of the findings of Boubakri (2015) making use of the data
collected in an attempt to understand the phenomenon on the basis of a cognitive approach. The data is collected through
unintentional observation followed by intentional observation, and it was concluded that old people’s naming procedure is dictated
by their internal sensory makeup (Boubakri 2015: 166). On the basis of the collected
data and others collected for the purpose of the present research, it is concluded that the cognitive concept of construal lies
behind old people’s naming procedure of technological devices, and that the internal cognitive factor involved in the emergence of
the construal is metaphor. More precisely, this metaphor is mataphtonymy which is basically motivated by the psychological state
of its user.
The effects of fatiguing exercise and load carriage on the perception and initiation of movement
Authors: Johnson Caleb D. , Eagle Shawn R. , Nindl Bradley C. , Lovalekar Mita T. , Flanagan Shawn D. , Pepping Gert‐Jan , Connaboy Christopher
Published: February 2020

Perceptual‐motor coordination relies on the accurate coupling of the perceptual and movement systems. However, individuals must also be able to recalibrate to perturbations to perceptual and movement capabilities. We examined the effects of fatigue and load carriage on perceptual‐motor coordination for a maximal leaping task. 23 participants completed an incremental fatigue protocol (light to fatiguing intensity stages) on two separate occasions (loaded/unloaded). At baseline and the end of every stage of the protocol, participants made perceptual judgments for the affordance of leaping. The accuracy of responses and reaction times were calculated and mean differences were assessed across exercise intensity and load carriage conditions. No interaction of exercise intensity and load carriage was detected, or main effect of load carriage. A main, quadratic effect of exercise intensity was detected on reaction times, with times decreasing through the moderate stage and increasing through post‐fatigue. No effect of exercise/fatigue was detected on perceptual accuracy. The results indicate that exercise at high intensities through fatigue has a significant effect on perceptual‐motor calibration. Contrastingly, in response to an action‐scaled task, individuals can adequately recalibrate to increased load carriage.
MIFlowCyt‐EV: a framework for standardized reporting of extracellular vesicle flow cytometry experiments
Authors: Welsh Joshua A. , Van Der Pol Edwin , Arkesteijn Ger J.A. , Bremer Michel , Brisson Alain , Coumans Frank , Dignat‐George Françoise , Duggan Erika , Ghiran Ionita , Giebel Bernd , Görgens André , Hendrix An , Lacroix Romaric , Lannigan Joanne , Libregts Sten F.W.M. , Lozano‐Andrés Estefanía , Morales‐Kastresana Aizea , Robert Stephane , De Rond Leonie , Tertel Tobias , Tigges John , De Wever Olivier , Yan Xiaomei , Nieuwland Rienk , Wauben Marca H.M. , Nolan John P. , Jones Jennifer C.
Published: February 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, heterogeneous and difficult to measure. Flow cytometry (FC) is a key technology for the measurement of individual particles, but its application to the analysis of EVs and other submicron particles has presented many challenges and has produced a number of controversial results, in part due to limitations of instrument detection, lack of robust methods and ambiguities in how data should be interpreted. These complications are exacerbated by the field's lack of a robust reporting framework, and many EV‐FC manuscripts include incomplete descriptions of methods and results, contain artefacts stemming from an insufficient instrument sensitivity and inappropriate experimental design and lack appropriate calibration and standardization. To address these issues, a working group (WG) of EV‐FC researchers from ISEV, ISAC and ISTH, worked together as an EV‐FC WG and developed a consensus framework for the minimum information that should be provided regarding EV‐FC. This framework incorporates the existing Minimum Information for Studies of EVs (MISEV) guidelines and Minimum Information about a FC experiment (MIFlowCyt) standard in an EV‐FC‐specific reporting framework (MIFlowCyt‐EV) that supports reporting of critical information related to sample staining, EV detection and measurement and experimental design in manuscripts that report EV‐FC data. MIFlowCyt‐EV provides a structure for sharing EV‐FC results, but it does not prescribe specific protocols, as there will continue to be rapid evolution of instruments and methods for the foreseeable future. MIFlowCyt‐EV accommodates this evolution, while providing information needed to evaluate and compare different approaches. Because MIFlowCyt‐EV will ensure consistency in the manner of reporting of EV‐FC studies, over time we expect that adoption of MIFlowCyt‐EV as a standard for reporting EV‐ FC studies will improve the ability to quantitatively compare results from different laboratories and to support the development of new instruments and assays for improved measurement of EVs.
Nuclear physics research at heavy ion accelerators: Precision studies with stored and cooled exotic nuclei
Authors: Litvinov Yuri A , Stöhlker Thomas , Ma Xin Wen , Zhang Yu Hu , Yamaguchi Takayuki
Published: February 2020

This contribution is based on the plenary presentation at the 14th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology (HIAT-2018) in Lanzhou, China.

Heavy-ion storage rings offer unparalleled opportunities for precision experiments in the realm of nuclear structure, atomic physics and astrophysics. A brief somewhat biased review of the presently ongoing research programs is given as well as the future projects are outlined. The limited space does not allow for detailed description of individual experiments, which shall – to some extent – be compensated by extended bibliography.
High Voltage Performance Degradation of the 14UD Tandem Accelerator
Authors: Linardakis P , Lobanov N R , Tunningley T B , Tsifakis D , Battisson S T , Graham B , Bockwinkel J A , Heighway J
Published: February 2020

The 14UD at the Australian National University’s Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) operated at a maximum voltage of 15.5 MV after the installation of tubes with a compressed geometry in the 1990s. In recent years, the performance of the accelerator has shown a gradual decline to a maximum operation voltage of ~14.5 MV. There are some fundamental factors that limit the high voltage performance, such as SF6 gas pressure, field enhancement due to triple junctions and total voltage effect. In addition, there are non-fundamental factors causing high voltage degradation. These are: operation with faulty ceramic gaps; operation at inappropriate voltage and SF6 pressure combinations; SF6 leaks into the vacuum space; use of SF6 and O2 as a stripper gases; poor electron suppression in the high energy stripper and frequent use of highly reactive ions such as sulphur and fluorine. In this paper we will discuss factors that limit the high voltage performance. The main outcomes of a preliminary investigation of titanium (Ti) electrodes removed from the accelerator after a few decades of operation will be reported. The investigation confirmed contamination of Ti electrodes with unstable films containing traces of oxides, sulphur and fluorine. The rehabilitation strategies for the accelerator will be discussed.
Present status of and recent developments at RIKEN RI beam factory
Authors: Okuno H. , Dantsuka T. , Fujimaki M. , Fukunishi N. , Hasebe H. , Higurashi Y. , Ikezawa E. , Ikoma N , Imao H. , Kamigaito O. , Kidera M. , Komiyama M. , Kumagai K. , Maie T. , Nagase M. , Nagatomo T. , Nakagawa T. , Nakamura M. , Ohnishi J. , Ozeki K. , Sakamoto N. , Suda K. , Uchiyama U. , Watanabe S. , Watanabe T. , Watanabe Y. , Yamada K. , Yamasawa H.
Published: February 2020

The Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) is a cyclotron-based accelerator facility that is used for nuclear science studies and was completed at the end of 2006. RIBF can produce the most intense RI beams using fragmentation or fission of high speed heavy ion beams. Ever since the first beam was produced, effort has focused on increasing the intensity of uranium beams. Ions beams with high intensity and high availability have been used to produce many important scientific achievements. Upgrade programs have been proposed to further expand scientific opportunities. These programs have two goals. The first goal is to find heavier elements than element 118, which is already named. The upgrade program for the heavy ion linac (RILAC), including installation of a superconducting linac, has been funded and is under construction. The second goals is to increase the intensity of uranium ion beams up to 1 pµA, thus facilitating further investigations into the physics of unstable nuclei. This program for uranium beams is still been unfunded. We are pursuing a budget-friendly version without changing the project goals.
Design of the multi-ion injector linac for the JLAB EIC (JLEIC)
Authors: Mustapha B. , Conway Z. , Kelly M. , Plastun A. , Ostroumov P.
Published: February 2020

An Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is the highest priority for future U.S. accelerator-based nuclear physics facility following the completion of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). Two laboratories are competing to host the future EIC: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL) and Jefferson Lab. (JLab). The baseline design of JLab’s Electron Ion Collider (JLEIC) ion complex comprises a pulsed superconducting (SC) linac injector capable of accelerating all ions from protons to lead, where proton and light ion beams can be polarized. After reviewing the design requirements for the injector linac, important design choices such as the room-temperature (RT) section design, the transition energy between the RT and SC sections and the stripping energy for heavy ions will be discussed. The design of the different linac sections will be presented as well as the results of end-to-end beam dynamics simulations for polarized deuterons and un-polarized lead ions.
Preliminary design and simulation results of a Ne+ beam source
Authors: Xie Y H , Hu C D , Xu Y J , Li J , Xie Y L
Published: February 2020

An ion source with Ne beam was designed to provide fast ions for basic physical research in the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (ASIPP). The ion source was designed with hot cathode plasma source and three electrodes accelerator. The designed beam energy is 10-20 keV with beam size of 250 mm × 250 mm. The designed beam power is 50 kW with beam duration of 2 seconds. The extracted beam current and beam divergence angle was simulated to estimate the beam parameters with beam energy of 10 keV and 20 keV. The details of simulation results and the design of source was presented in this paper.
The multi-physics field analysis of a dual-beam drift tube linac
Authors: He T , Lu L , Yang L , Xing C , Xu X , Gao Z , Li J , Xia Q
Published: February 2020

An 81.25 MHz dual-beam drift tube linac (DB-DTL) is being designed to prove the feasibility of multi-beam type linac. The beam dynamics design and electromagnetic calculation have been completed [1]. The following step is the multi-physics field analysis of the DB-DTL, including RF electromagnetic simulation, thermal simulation and structural simulation, which is very important for the DB-DTL safe operation. The RF power dissipation will make the cavity temperature rise and cause cavity resonance frequency shifts due to the deformation of cavity structure. The distributions of cavity deformation and stress are calculated according to the cavity temperature map. All the simulation results, including cavity temperature rise, deformation and stress and the frequency shifting, should be within an acceptable range. In this paper, the detailed multi-physics analysis of the DB-TL will be presented.
A new RF structure: bent-vane type RFQ
Authors: Yang Lei , Lu Liang , Zhang Zhouli , He Tao , Xing ChaoChao , He Yaun
Published: February 2020

A new RFQ accelerator cavity structure with bent vanes is proposed to meet the miniaturization requirement of low frequency accelerators. The news structure has a downsized cross section by bending the vanes while maintaining a certain vane length. It also possesses the advantage of a simple cooling configuration. The new RFQ structure is presented in this paper.
Change in FGF23 concentration over time and its association with all-cause mortality in patients treated with haemodialysis or haemodiafiltration
Authors: Bouma-de Krijger Annet , de Roij van Zuijdewijn Camiel L M , Nubé Menso J , Grooteman Muriel P C , Vervloet Marc G ,   the CONTRAST Study Group, Blankestijn P J , Grooteman M P C , Nubé M J , ter Wee P M , Bots M L , van den Dorpel M A
Published: February 2020

Background

Previous studies in patients on haemodialysis (HD) have shown an association of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) with all-cause mortality. As of yet, the result of FGF23 lowering on mortality is unknown in this population.

Methods

FGF23 was measured in a subset of 404 patients from the Dutch CONvective TRansport STudy (CONTRAST study) [a randomized trial in prevalent dialysis patients comparing HD and haemodiafiltration (HDF) with clinical outcome] at baseline and Months 6 and 12. A substantial decline of FGF23 change over time was anticipated in patients randomized to HDF since HDF induces higher dialytic clearance of FGF23. The associations of both baseline FGF23 and 6-months change in FGF23 with all-cause mortality were analysed. In addition, the difference in FGF23 change between HD and HDF was explored. Furthermore, the role of dialysis modality in the association between FGF23 change and outcome was analysed.

Results

No association was observed between quartiles of baseline FGF23 and all-cause mortality. Over 6 months, FGF23 declined in patients on HDF, whereas FGF23 remained stable in patients on HD. A decrease in FGF23 was not associated with improved survival compared with a stable FGF23 concentration. However, increasing FGF23 was associated with a significantly higher mortality risk, both in crude and fully adjusted models [hazard ratio 2.01 (95% confidence interval 1.30–3.09)].

Conclusion

Whereas no association between a single value of FGF23 and all-cause mortality was found, increasing FGF23 concentrations did identify patients at risk for mortality. Since lowering FGF23 did not improve outcome, this study found no argument for therapeutically lowering FGF23.
Extraction and determination of chloroform in rat blood and tissues by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection: distribution of chloroform in the animal body.
Authors: Vogt C R , Liao J C , Sun A Y
Published: February 2020

We have developed a simple, sensitive, and accurate method for the determination of chloroform in rat blood, brain, kidney, liver, and fat. The detection limit is 2.5 ng of chloroform per gram of tissue. Studies of in vivo distribution of chloroform in rat blood and target tissues after intragastric intubation of chloroform/water show that the amount of chloroform accumulated in the different tissues increases with increasing doses. Fat tissue contains the greatest amount of chloroform. The accumulation of chloroform in rat blood and target tissues seems to be maximum 1.5 h after administration, and the apparent chloroform concentration is almost at baseline value 8 h later.
Pre-precipitated and solid-phase second antibody compared in radioimmunoassay.
Authors: Brown T R , Bagchi N , Ho T T , Mack R E
Published: February 2020

We describe simple methods for preparing and determining the titer of pre-precipitated second antibody. We compared the performance of this type of insolubilized second antibody with that of a commercially available solid-phase second antibody (DASP) for separation of reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) and for thyrotropin radioimmunoassays. Equilibrium time for both reagents was about 30 min, considerably briefer than for the usual second-antibody procedure. Within-assay precision was improved and percentages of nonspecific binding (mean and SD) were lower if pre-precipitated second antibody was used in both assays [rT3 pre-precipitate = 1.48 (SD 0.16), rT3 DASP = 3.76 (SD 0.22); thyrotropin pre-precipitate = 1.45 (SD 0.18), thyrotropin DASP = 3.45 (SD 0.26)]. The cost of DASP was three to 10 times that of pre-precipitated second antibody prepared with commercially available products.
Potential sources of errors in cation-exchange chromatographic measurement of plasma taurine.
Authors: Connolly B M , Goodman H O
Published: February 2020

We examined the potential sources of error in automated cation-exchange chromatographic quantitation of plasma taurine, both in sample preparation and in the analysis. Principal sources of error include: use of serum instead of plasma, which produces gross overestimates; use of tripotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) as anticoagulant in systems involving ninhydrin detection (a ninhydrin-positive contaminant of EDTA emerges coincident with taurine); contamination with platelets; and placing volumes exceeding 20 microL on the cartridge used in the Technicon TSM Amino Acid Analyzer. We arrived at a simple technique in which we use EDTA as anticoagulant, micropore filtration to produce platelet-free plasma, and o-phthalaldehyde as the detection reagent for the sensitivity required to measure accurately the low concentration of taurine in plasma.
Gas-chromatographic determination of disopyramide and its mono-N-dealkylated metabolite in serum with use of a nitrogen-selective detector.
Authors: Bredesen J E
Published: February 2020

I describe a rapid, simple routine gas-liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous isothermal quantitation of disopyramide and its mono-N-dealkylated metabolite. The method involves one extraction step with dichloromethane, derivatization of the metabolite, and gas chromatography with an OV-17 liquid phase. Standard curves were linear over the concentration range tested (0.1-25 mg/L) and the maximum coefficient of variation was 9.2%. Quantitation of both disopyramide and its mono-N-dealkylated metabolite with the present method is less time-consuming than are gas-chromatographic methods previously described.
Improved serum-initiated aspartate aminotransferase assay by inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase with oxamate.
Authors: Lustig V , Redman L W
Published: February 2020

We describe a serum-inititated aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) assay that obviates the need for added lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in the reagent system. Interference from the oxidation of NADH by endogeneous lactate dehydrogenase is eliminated by adding sodium oxamate, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. The advantages of oxamate inhibition over lactate dehydrogenase addition are a shorter preincubation period, an increase in the linear range from less than 600 to more than 1400 U/L, no interference from above-normal concentrations of ketoacids, and elimination of bias between serum-initiated and the standard oxoglutarate-initiated assays for aspartate aminotransferase.
Genetically diverse lentil- and faba bean-nodulating rhizobia are present in soils across Central and Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Asfaw Beimnet , Aserse Aregu Amsalu , Asefa Fassil , Yli-Halla Markku , Lindström Kristina
Published: February 2020

In total 196 bacterial isolates were obtained from root nodules of lentil (Lens culinaris) and faba bean (Vicia faba) grown on soil samples collected from 10 different sites in central and southern parts of Ethiopia. All isolates were identified as members of the genus Rhizobium by using recA gene sequence analysis. In the recA phylogenetic tree 195 rhizobial strains were classified into nine genospecies. The phylogeny of symbiotic genes nodC and nifH revealed five and six distinct groups respectively, largely dominated by symbiovar viciae. A multivariate analysis showed that environmental variables of the sampling sites considered in this study had more effect on the distribution and composition of the genospecies than the host legumes of the strains. Twenty representative strains, selected based on their isolation site, host plant and nodC group, were able to nodulate all lentil, faba bean, field pea (Pisum abyssinicum) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) plants in a greenhouse test in axenic conditions. The majority of the rhizobial strains were effective nitrogen-fixing symbionts for all tested legumes, indicating their potential to serve as broad host-range inoculants in agriculture. The present work suggests the presence of taxonomically and symbiotically diverse rhizobial species for legumes in the Viciae tribe in Ethiopia.
Consistent quantification of the impact of key mission design parameters on the performance of next-generation gravity missions
Authors: Purkhauser Anna F , Siemes Christian , Pail Roland
Published: February 2020

The GRACE and GRACE-FO missions have been observing time variations of the Earth's gravity field for more than 15 yr. For a possible successor mission, the need to continue mass change observations have to be balanced with the ambition for monitoring capabilities with an enhanced spatial and temporal resolution that will enable improved scientific results and will serve operational services and applications. Various study groups performed individual simulations to analyse different aspects of possible NGGMs from a scientific and technical point of view. As these studies are not directly comparable due to different assumptions regarding mission design and instrumentation, the goal of this paper is to systematically analyse and quantify the key mission parameters (number of satellite pairs, orbit altitude, sensors) and the impact of various error sources (AO, OT models, post-processing) in a consistent simulation environment. Our study demonstrates that a single-pair mission with laser interferometry in a low orbit with a drag compensation system would be the only possibility within the single-pair options to increase the performance compared to the GRACE/GRACE-FO. Tailored post-processing is not able to achieve the same performance as a double-pair mission without post-processing. Also, such a mission concept does not solve the problems of temporal aliasing due to observation geometry. In contrast, double-pair concepts have the potential to retrieve the full AOHIS signal and in some cases even double the performance to the comparable single-pair scenario. When combining a double-pair with laser interferometry and an improved accelerometer, the sensor noise is, apart from the ocean tide modelling errors, one of the limiting factors. Therefore, the next big step for observing the gravity field globally with a satellite mission can only be taken by launching a double pair mission. With this quantification of key architecture features of a future satellite gravity mission, the study aims to improve the available information to allow for an informed decision making and give an indication of priority for the different mission concepts.
A 45-year career in marine science—better than a sharp stick in the eye
Authors: Love Milton S
Published: February 2020

What does it take to have a many-decades-long career in marine science entirely funded by contracts and grants? Why would any thoughtful person contemplate a life filled with such uncertainty? What personality flaws would lead to this behaviour? Enter my world, dear reader, and find out.