bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Event Semantics for Toponym Disambiguation
Authors: Roberts Kirk , Bejan Cosmin Adrian , Harabagiu Sanda
Published: October 2013

This chapter discusses a method for improving the disambiguation of location names using limited event semantics. Location names are often ambiguous, as the same name may refer to locations in different states, countries, or continents. Ambiguous location names, also known as toponyms, need to be disambiguated (or grounded) when resolving many spatial relations expressed in textual documents. Previous methods for disambiguating toponyms have utilized simple heuristics, statistical ranking, and ontological methods in order to resolve a location reference. However, since toponyms are used in documents that refer to events, semantic knowledge characterizing events can be used to ground location names. We propose an ontology-based method with a technique that considers the participants in events such as people, organizations, and other locations. Event semantics are integrated into an ontology that is used to distinguish geographical names through a probabilistic approach based on logistic regression. Our experimental results on the SpatialML corpus (Mani et al., 2008) indicate that using event structures improves the quality of disambiguated toponyms.
Un modelo psicobiológico de la sobrealimentación inducida por estrés
Authors: Silva Jaime R.
Published: October 2013

Los dietantes crónicos muestran un patrón de alimentación paradójico: si bien restringen usualmente su consumo de alimentos, bajo ciertas situaciones se sobrealimentan. Se ha explicado que este patrón resulta de una estrategia cognitiva para controlar situaciones estresantes. La perspectiva de la neurociencia afectiva, desarrollada por Silva, sugiere que esta observación ocurre en individuos afectivamente vulnerables. Específicamente, las personas con una actividad frontal derecha incrementada son propensas a desarrollar aquellos patrones disfuncionales de control emocional. En este artículo se presenta un progreso teórico de este punto de vista científico. Bajo una aproximación psicobiológica, propongo que la sensibilidad al estrés es un aspecto esencial en la fisiología de los dietantes crónicos que puede ser entendida como una predisposición biológica a desarrollar alteraciones en la regulación emocional.
Modelos animales en psicopatología experimental: miedo, tolerancia a las drogas y condicionamiento
Authors: Laborda Mario A.
Published: October 2013

La noción darwiniana de continuidad de las especies ha justificado la investigación con animales no-humanos para entender al hombre. Si el hombre está evolutivamente conectado con el resto de los animales, entonces podemos encontrar en ellos modelos análogos para estudiar nuestra biología y comportamiento. En psicología, los modelos animales han demostrado ser una efectiva herramienta para entender tanto el comportamiento normal como el anormal. En el presente artículo se presentan algunos ejemplos de modelos animales en psicopatología experimental, y se reportan dos estudios ilustrativos de cómo este tipo de investigación puede ser informativa tanto de la etiología y mantenimiento, como del tratamiento de los desórdenes del comportamiento.
Problemas de comportamiento en los perros domésticos (canis familiaris): aportes de la psicología del aprendizaje
Authors: Elgier Ángel M. , Jakovcevic Adriana , Mustaca Alba E. , Bentosela Mariana , Barrera Gabriela
Published: October 2013

La convivencia entre los perros domésticos (Canis familiaris) y los humanos puede verse afectada por la presencia de problemas de conducta. Éstos, principalmente, se relacionan con la agresión, el miedo y la ansiedad de separación, y en menor medida, con desórdenes compulsivos. Las alteraciones relacionadas con la agresión son las más preocupantes a nivel social, dado el riesgo que conllevan para el humano. En la presente revisión se describe el patrón conductual de cada tipo de alteración así como algunos de los factores que se encuentran asociados al desarrollo de los problemas de conducta. Por último, se revisan las evidencias de diversos tratamientos conductuales y se discuten posibles aportes del área de la Psicología.
Algunas observaciones sobre la tesis de la declinación del padre y la cuestión de la Ley en psicoanálisis
Authors: Radiszcz S. Esteban
Published: October 2013

La llegada del fin de siglo ha traído consigo un singular diagnóstico que, pronunciado insistentemente en ciertos círculos psicoanalíticos, denunciaría una transformación mayor de la sociedad occidental precipitada por una declinación sin precedentes del Nombre del Padre en la cultura. Sin embargo esta tesis no parece estar exenta de dificultades, además de encontrarse en franca contradicción con algunos aspectos implicados en las nociones sobre las que ella misma se sostiene. A partir de una discusión sobre algunos aspectos de dicha tesis, el presente trabajo busca señalar el lugar paradójico que el psicoanálisis le asigna a la Ley, además de reflexionar sobre los riesgos del reforzamiento de ésta en la sociedad contemporánea.
Escuela y construcción de identidades de género: una aproximación a la masculinización de los varones en edad pre-escolar
Authors: Tomasini Marina E.
Published: October 2013

Este artículo trata sobre la construcción de identidades de género en los varones en la educación pre-escolar. Se presenta un conjunto de análisis provenientes de una investigación realizada en tres centros de educación inicial en Córdoba, Argentina. Dentro de las interacciones que emergen en la cotidianeidad escolar hay una serie de actuaciones que son interpretadas como parte del proceso de masculinización y se caracterizan por: la centralidad que adquiere el cuerpo en las interacciones entre varones, mediante las agresiones físicas y en juegos corporales; el protagonismo de algunos niños en actos de hostigamiento hacia otros/as compañeros/as; la tendencia de algunos a implicarse en conflictos entre niñas e intentar resolverlos por medio de la violencia física. Se consideran algunas formas por las cuales las intervenciones docentes constituyen sentidos que refuerzan determinada identidad de los "varones" como clase problemática en relación a la disciplina y el orden escolar.
Para una reconstrucción genealógica y epistemológica del concepto de metacognición
Authors: González de Requena Farré Juan Antonio
Published: October 2013

En las últimas décadas ha habido una creciente investigación acerca de la metacognición, que nos ha familiarizado con metatérminos como metaconocimiento o metaaprendizaje, entre otros. En este artículointentamos reconstruir los modelos de la metacognición previos y los recientes paradigmas metacognitivos. También cuestionamos las implicaciones epistemológicas y las condiciones retóricas y socio-históricas de la acuñación y circulación del léxico metacognitivo.
Burnout en trabajadores de hospitales comunitarios o de baja complejidad: una comparacion de género y de nivel de escolaridad
Authors: Chiang María Margarita , Sigoña Marcelo
Published: October 2013

Este estudio analiza el nivel de burnout en los trabajadores de hospitales comunitarios o de baja complejidad. La población sobre la cual se aplicó el estudio fue 400 individuos, con una tasa de respuesta de 42%. Se utilizó el Cuestionario para la evaluación del síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (CESQT). La fiabilidad de las escalas en todos los casos es adecuada. Los resultados muestran que un 76% de los funcionarios no presenta burnout, un 18% presenta trastorno pero no está inhabilitado clínicamente y un 6% está inhabilitado para trabajar sin tratamiento clínico. El nivel de escolaridad influye en la aparición del burnout, se podría esperar que a niveles de escolaridad universitaria se tuviera mayores recursos para enfrentar el burnout.
Hacia una teoría pragmática y psicoanalítica de porqué las palabras curan. La literalidad de la palabra y la eficacia simbólica en la metáfora
Authors: García Mauricio
Published: October 2013

El porqué las palabras curan sigue siendo el enigma mayor de las psicoterapias. Para profundizar su comprensión es necesario superar el abordaje lógico-semántico del discurso, según el cual la clave estaría en la producción de sentido, e introducir una visión pragmática para cernir la condición de acto de la palabra. Se comienza analizando el concepto de "Eficacia Simbólica", mostrando los aportes e impases que genera. Luego se reformula la cuestión de la eficacia desde la teoría psicoanalítica de la simbolización, introduciendo aportes de la filosofía analítica. Se concluye que la eficacia del diálogo terapéutico estriba en la literalidad de la palabra y no en sus sentidos segundos, pero a condición de que dicho diálogo haga emerger "promesas de sentido" nunca cumplidas plenamente.
Niveles de ansiedad en niños victimizados sexualmente que deben declarar en juicios orales: aportes de un programa de preparación
Authors: Guerra Vio Cristóbal , Viveros Barrera Marcela , Calvo Lazo Blanca , Canessa Quiroz Pamela , Mascayano Tapia Franco
Published: October 2013

Existe evidencia de que niños víctimas de delitos sexuales que enfrentan procesos judiciales pueden sufrir victimización secundaria. Diversos autores sugieren preparar a los niños para enfrentar dicha instancia y disminuir los riesgos de victimización secundaria. Este artículo describe los niveles de ansiedad de ocho niños expuestos a un programa de preparación para niños victimizados sexualmente que deben declarar en juicios. Se evaluó su nivel de ansiedad antes e inmediatamente después del juicio. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambas mediciones. Pese a los resultados, se considera necesario que futuras investigaciones evalúen de forma rigurosa el programa y su capacidad de prevención de la victimización secundaria. Finalmente, se discuten las implicancias de este tipo de programas en el sistema judicial chileno.
Alternative sampling methods to estimate structure
Authors: Ayari A. , Moya D. , Rejeb M.N. , Ben Mansoura A. , Garchi S. , De las Heras J. , Hanchi B.
Published: October 2013

Aleppo pine had a large forest cover in North Africa and along the Mediterranean basin which management is not fully developed and new forest tools are required. In this research, the forest structure, epidometric characteristics and allometric relationships were studied in 79 plots covering four bioclimatic zones from natural even aged forests of Aleppo pine located between eastern Algeria to the western coastal part of Tunisia. To characterize the forest structure three sampling methods were carried out: classical inventories (recording all pine trees), and two simplified approach using one average size or five dominant pine tree per plot. Annual growth increment and cone production were only calculated for the average size tree. Furthermore, the analysis of variance showed non-significant differences recorded between bioclimatic zones in trunk or crown diameter using the two simplified approach. Moreover, a significant decrease from wetter to drier areas in total height, crown height, cone seed production was observed only for average size tree method. However, the analysis of covariance showed significant differences between both approaches in total height, trunk diameter and crown coverage which were largely influenced by the pine tree density. In future investigations, we confirmed previous research that the dominant tree is a good sampling method to examine the site fertility, whereas the average size tree constitutes a valuable approach to study the population growth and reproduction.
Preface
Authors: FORSYS EDITORIAL
Published: October 2013

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Physician-adherence to pharmacotherapy guidelines for chronic heart failure in a tertiary health facility in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ajuluchukwu Janet N. , Emmanuel Anyika , Raji Kabiru A.
Published: October 2013

Background: The increasing need for adherence evaluation of CHF amongst senior physicians in our environment prompted this study. Objective: To determine physician-adherence to pharmacotherapy guidelines in CHF in an economically resource-poor tertiary health facility. Methods: Review of prescription pattern of anti-CHF drug-class of 100 confirmed systolic-CHF patients was carried out. Data for adherence-evaluation were obtained from follow-up information from out-patient clinic-notes, while data on acute care medications and precipitating factors were from in-patient hospitalization notes. Results: CHF patients aged 54.7 ± 14.5 years, had NYHA III/IV symptoms (47%) and hypertension (61%). Anti-CHF pharmacotherapy averaged three drug-types; and consisted of ACEI/ARB (83%), β blockers-BB (48%), aldosterone antagonists (41%), CG (82%), and diuretics (75%). Adherence was assessed as good or complete in 50%, partial/ incomplete in 33%; but non-adherent in 17% of the total. While overall physician-adherence was 59.6% on single drug-classes, survival- advantage combinations with ACEI/ARB+BB and ACEI/ARB+BB+AA were present in 40% and 16% respectively. Older patients (≥ 65 years) had significantly lower prescriptions of all three classes of survival advantage anti-HF drugs, as follows: ACEI/ARB (56% versus 95%); BB (37.5% versus 52%); and AA (31% versus 63%) [p < .05]. Conclusion: BB and AA were under-prescribed. Physician-adherence to evidence-based anti-HF drug classes was variable and influenced by patient’s age. It was also comparable with reports from other countries. Our physicians will benefit from a structured HF education and feed-back program.
A Influência da Promoção de Vendas na Captação de Clientes: Um Estudo na Hotelaria Catarinense
Authors: Mondo Tiago Savi , Costa Jane Iara Pereira da
Published: October 2013

As aes de comunicao de marketing implementadas pelas organizaes, servem a propsitos diversos e muitas vezes, para atrair e captar clientes. A promoo de vendas, como ao do composto de comunicao destaca-se como uma ao de resultados de curto prazo e com grande eficcia. A partir destas consideraes , o objetivo central deste estudo analisar a influncia da promoo de vendas na captao de clientes em meios de hospedagem (MH) de Santa Catarina. O estudo se caracteriza como de natureza exploratria, descritiva caracterizando-se tambm como de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, do tipo estudo de campo. A amostra da etapa qualitativa foi composta por 13 meios de hospedagem e da etapa quantitativa por 52 elementos respondentes. Todos os meios de hospedagem pesquisados so vinculados Associao Brasileira da Indstria hoteleira SC. A pesquisa foi realizada de maro a agosto de 2010. Os principais resultados indicam que a promoo de vendas realizada na baixa temporada, com o foco de aumentar a ocupao, correspondendo ao que a teoria sugere - aes de curto prazo. Alm disso, a ao foi considerada muito importante para a captao de clientes, pois configura-se como a base para o aumento da ocupao, durantes perodos de baixa temporada.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i2.2296
Avaliação do Nível de Conhecimento e da Utilização do Planejamento de Marketing pelos Profissionais da Área
Authors: Graziano Graziela Oste , Bareli Paulo , Elias Spers Valéria Rueda , Oswaldo Yeda Cirera
Published: October 2013

De natureza exploratria, a pesquisa, tem como objetivo principal avaliar qual o nvel de conhecimento e utilizao do planejamento de marketing pelos profissionais da rea de marketing. Na primeira etapa da pesquisa procurou-se desenvolver e esclarecer os conceitos vinculados ao referencial terico do tema em estudo relativo ao processo de planejamento de marketing. Em seguida, foi aplicado um questionrio com questes abertas e fechadas aos profissionais da rea de marketing. Com resultados do estudo apresenta uma anlise do nvel de conhecimento dos profissionais a respeito do que compem um plano de marketing e de qual o grau de importncia que os profissionais atribuem a diferentes etapas (componentes) do plano de marketing.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i2.2303
Mensuração do Mix de Marketing de Serviços, da Satisfação e da Lealdade em Clientes de um Banco de Varejo
Authors: Pereira de Souza Bruno Brito , Gosling Marlusa Mendonça , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2013

Especificidades dos servios, tais como a intangibilidade, a inseparabilidade, a variabilidade e a perecibilidade fazem dos servios um assunto que deve ser tratado de forma diferente em relao ao marketing industrial. Gilmore (2003) e Kotler, Hayes e Bloom (2002), dentre outros, apresentam o mix de marketing de servios (7Ps): os processos, as pessoas, as evidncias fsicas, o produto, a praa, a promoo e o preo. Alm disso, a acirrada competio nos servios fora as empresas a buscarem diferenciao, visando a satisfao e a lealdade dos clientes. O objetivo deste artigo verificar qual a relao entre o composto de marketing de servios, proposto por Kotler, Hayes e Bloom (2002) com a satisfao e entre a satisfao e a lealdade, na percepo dos clientes de um banco de varejo. Os resultados apiam o modelo testado, ou seja, os 7Ps (com exceo da evidncia fsica) impactam positivamente a satisfao dos clientes e a satisfao tem impacto positivo e significativo na lealdade.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i2.2337
Diferencias de Género en la Motivación y en los Métodos de Disposición de Productos en un Entorno Colectivista de Alta Masculinidad
Authors: Cruz-Cárdenas Jorge Aníbal
Published: October 2013

La disposicin de productos es una complicada forma de comportamiento del consumidor que implica que este deje de usar un producto que an conserva su capacidad de funcionamiento. El presente estudio se orient a establecer las diferencias de gnero en dos etapas del proceso de disposicin: La motivacin y la decisin respecto al mtodo de disposicin. Mediante una encuesta aplicada a una muestra de 414 individuos, en Quito, Ecuador, se pudo establecer una relacin significativa entre las variables de inters y el gnero, relacin a partir de la cual se discuten sus implicaciones.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i2.2408
I Saw it in the Movies, But Does That Matter? Product Placement in a Cross Cultural Study Between Brazil and the USA
Authors: Boeing Ricardo , Urdan André Torres , Gentry James William
Published: October 2013

The broader objective of this study was to measure the attitudes of consumers regarding the brand displayed by this strategy as well as to highlight recall, recognition and purchase intentions generated by product placement on consumers from both Brazil and the USA. Cronbachs Alpha Coefficient ensured the reliability of survey instruments. The study involved the use of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for the hypothesis testing. This study used the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to assess both the convergent and discriminant validities instead of using the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) or the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This reinforced for the use of the regression Chi Square and T statistical tests in further. Only hypothesis H3 was rejected, the rest were not. T test provided insight findings on specific subgroup significant differences. It can be concluded that product placement varies markedly in the U.S. from Brazil based on the influence of a range of factors. In order for product placement to become more competitive in the promotional marketing, there will be the need for researchers to extend focus from the traditional variables and add knowledge on the conventional marketplace.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i2.2507
Salto Alto: um Estudo Sobre Personalidade e Consciência de Moda
Authors: Strehlau Suzane , Santo Ana Claudia Espirito , Welter Laura
Published: October 2013

Este artigo investiga a relao entre o uso do salto alto, traos de personalidade e conscincia de moda das mulheres adultas. A teoria sobre o comportamento do consumidor afirma que a personalidade do consumidor um fator psicolgico que afeta as decises de consumo, assim como a atitude com relao moda. A abordagem a quantitativa exploratria por meio de um levantamento com 83 mulheres. Utilizou-se dois instrumentos de coleta: um questionrio sobre o uso do salto e escala de conscincia de moda; e outro com o teste HumanGuide. O mtodo de anlise utilizado univariado e multivariado com auxlio do Software SPSS e do Partial Least Squares - PLS para estimar os coeficientes. Os resultados indicam que 60% das respondentes sentem dores quando usam salto alto. Embora estilistas indiquem que um salto alto tem altura superior a 8 cm, a pesquisa indica que as mulheres consideram um salto alto a partir de 5 cm. Apenas 27,3% das respondentes com mais de 50 anos usam saltos acima de 8,5cm. O HumanGuide revelou-se bom para o uso em Marketing no sentido que os entrevistados no tiveram dificuldade em responder s questes. O uso de salto alto majoritariamente explicado pela conscincia de moda. O fator mais influente da personalidade a Estabilidade, indivduos descritos como conservador, tradicional, econmico, estvel, cauteloso, firme, srio e ruminador de idias. Dessa forma, infere-se que estas respondentes usam sapatos de salto alto por estarem relacionados a uma vestimenta elegante e tradicional.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i2.2563
Histopathologic Diagnosis of Pediatric Neoplasms: A Review of International Consultations
Authors: Santiago Teresa C. , Jenkins Jesse J.
Published: October 2013

Context.—Correct histopathologic diagnosis is fundamental to defining proper treatment and improving outcomes in children with malignancies. The Department of Pathology at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH) has collaborated with SJCRH International Outreach Program partner sites to improve the accuracy of histopathologic diagnoses in countries with limited resources. Pathologists at SJCRH provide review and evaluation of cases that are considered difficult or complex.

Objectives.—To determine the quality of pathology diagnosis and to identify areas for improvement in our international partner sites, we retrospectively analyzed all the international cases that were submitted for review. A comparison of our data with selected reports of surgical pathology error rates published in the medical literature was performed.

Design.—From January 2009 through December 2011, SJCRH received 763 cases submitted by international pathologists from 37 countries for histopathologic review and evaluation. Of 763 cases reviewed, 705 (92.4%) met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Rates of concordance between the submitted diagnoses and SJCRH reviewed diagnoses were analyzed.

Results.—Overall concordance, minor disagreement, and major disagreement rates between submitted diagnoses and SJCRH reviewed diagnoses were 430 (61.0%), 98 (13.9%), and 177 (25.1%) of the cases, respectively. Major disagreement rates ranged from 13.7% to 37.1% among studied countries.

Conclusions.—The major disagreement rate between referring international sites and SJCRH was substantially higher than the major disagreement rate among US institutions. Lack of the availability of immunohistochemistry and the training of pathologists in the diagnosis of pediatric neoplasms may have contributed to the discrepancies.
Should “Indeterminate” Diagnoses Be Used for Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspirates of Nodules Smaller Than 1 cm?
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Gould Edwin W.
Published: October 2013

Context.—The Bethesda System for thyroid fine-needle aspirates does not account for the size of the lesion that is aspirated.

Objective.—To determine whether the size of the lesion would be helpful in order to reduce indeterminate thyroid aspirations.

Design.—We correlated the results of all thyroid aspirations and surgical resection for the last 16 years at our institutions.

Results.—A total of 9080 cases were aspirated and 1393 resections were performed. Of those resected, a total of 236 (17%) were classified as atypical follicular cells of undetermined significance, and 256 (18%) were classified as suspicious for a follicular/Hürthle cell neoplasm. A total of 52 incidental papillary carcinomas were identified in these indeterminate cases at resection (52 of 492; 11%). Thirty-seven (16%) atypical follicular cells of undetermined significance cases and 21 (8%) suspicious for a follicular/Hürthle cell neoplasm cases were for nodules smaller than 1 cm in diameter. When cases subtyped as atypical, a papillary carcinoma cannot be ruled out, were removed (13 cases), the remaining 24 and 21 aspirates identified 3 tumors each (13% and 14%), all papillary carcinomas. Together, the incidence of identified carcinomas was not significantly different than that of incidental carcinomas (13% versus 11%, P = .48). The rate of identified carcinomas was significantly less than for similar indeterminate cases smaller than 1 cm (excluding cases of atypical, papillary carcinoma cannot be ruled out) (88 of 330 cases; 27%; P = .05).

Conclusions.—For nodules smaller than 1 cm in our series, indeterminate aspirates without features of papillary carcinomas have the same risk of malignancy as benign aspirates.
Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: A Morphologically and Clinically Distinct Variant of Lobular Carcinoma
Authors: Butler Dawn , Rosa Marilin
Published: October 2013

Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma is an uncommon variant of lobular carcinoma, characterized by significant cytologic atypia that contrasts with the low pleomorphism of classical lobular carcinoma. It accounts for approximately 1% of all epithelial breast malignancies. In addition to its pleomorphism, it is characterized by aggressive behavior and shortened patient survival. Although the morphologic features of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma are well described, it often eludes accurate pathologic characterization. Some controversy surrounds the pathogenesis of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma; however, it is now considered a well-defined variant of invasive lobular carcinoma. Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma shares molecular alterations with classical lobular carcinoma, such as alterations in the gene CDH1 on chromosome band 16q22 that results in changes in E-cadherin protein function. The aggressive biology of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma relates to the acquisition of genetic alterations typical of high-grade ductal carcinoma, such as overexpression of HER2/neu and c-myc.
Virtual Place Value
Authors: Burris Justin T.
Published: October 2013

Compare how third graders think mathematically when using virtual versus concrete base-ten blocks to learn place-value concepts.
Early Understanding of Equality
Authors: Leavy Aisling , Hourigan Mairéad , McMahon Áine
Published: October 2013

One of the first math symbols introduced=the equals sign=underpins much of the algebraic reasoning a child will use in later years.
Being an environmentally friendly package engineer
Authors: Suh Jennifer M. , Seshaiyer Padmanabhan , Moore Kristie , Green Melissa , Jewell Heather , Rice Iris
Published: October 2013

Integrating Science Technology Engineering in the Mathematics (iSTEM) is the venue for ideas and activities that stimulate student interest in these fields in K—grade 6 classrooms. This month's department features two different lessons that were planned by a group of teachers and math educators who focused on the concepts of measurement and geometry, interconnected primarily with engineering.
Phototunable Underwater Oil Adhesion of Micro/Nanoscale Hierarchical‐Structured ZnO Mesh Films with Switchable Contact Mode
Authors: Tian Dongliang , Guo Zhenyan , Wang Yiliang , Li Wenxian , Zhang Xiaofang , Zhai Jin , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2013

Controllable surface adhesion of solid substrates has aroused great interest both in air and underwater in solving many challenging interfacial science problems such as robust antifouling, oil‐repellent, and highly efficient oil/water separation materials. Recently, responsive surface adhesion, especially switchable adhesion, under external stimulus in air has been paid more and more attention in fundamental research and industrial applications. However, phototunable underwater oil adhesion is still a challenge. Here, an approach to realize phototunable underwater oil adhesion on aligned ZnO nanorod array‐coated films is reported, via a special switchable contact mode between an unstable liquid/gas/solid tri‐phase contact mode and stable liquid/liquid/solid tri‐phase contact mode. The photo‐induced wettability transition to water and air exists (or does not) in the micro/nanoscale hierarchical structure of the mesh films, playing important role in controlling the underwater oil adhesion behavior. This work is promising in the design of novel interfacial materials and functional devices for practical applications such as photo‐induced underwater oil manipulation and release, with loss‐free oil droplet transportation.
Influence of the Electron Deficient Co‐Monomer on the Optoelectronic Properties and Photovoltaic Performance of Dithienogermole‐based Co‐Polymers
Authors: Yau Chin Pang , Fei Zhuping , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Shahid Munazza , Watkins Scott E. , Pattanasattayavong Pichaya , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Gregoriou Vasilis G. , Chochos Christos L. , Heeney Martin
Published: October 2013

A series of donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers utilizing 4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐germolo[3,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (DTG) as the electron rich unit and three electron withdrawing units of varying strength, namely 2‐octyl‐2H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (BTz), 5,6‐difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DFBT) and [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐c]pyridine (PT) are reported. It is demonstrated how the choice of the acceptor unit (BTz, DFBT, PT) influences the relative positions of the energy levels, the intramolecular transition energy (ICT), the optical band gap (Egopt), and the structural conformation of the DTG‐based co‐polymers. Moreover, the photovoltaic performance of poly[(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐germolo[3,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophen‐2‐yl)‐([1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐c]pyridine)] (PDTG‐PT), poly[(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐germolo[3,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophen‐2‐yl)‐(2‐octyl‐2H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole)] (PDTG‐BTz), and poly[(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐germolo[3,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophen‐2‐yl)‐(5,6‐difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PDTG‐DFBT) is studied in blends with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C70‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) is obtained by PDTG‐PT (5.2%) in normal architecture. The PCE of PDTG‐PT is further improved to 6.6% when the device architecture is modified from normal to inverted. Therefore, PDTG‐PT is an ideal candidate for application in tandem solar cells configuration due to its high efficiency at very low band gaps (Egopt = 1.32 eV). Finally, the 6.6% PCE is the highest reported for all the co‐polymers containing bridged bithiophenes with 5‐member fused rings in the central core and possessing an Egopt below 1.4 eV.
Competition of diffusion and crosslink on the interphase region in carbon fiber/epoxy analyzed by multiscale simulations
Authors: Li Min , Gu Yi‐Zhuo , Li Yan‐Xia , Liu Hong , Zhang Zuo‐Guang
Published: October 2013

Molecular diffusion and crosslink between sizing, epoxy, and hardener agent were simulated to elucidate forming process of interphase in carbon fiber/epoxy composite, by using a multiscale method, in which fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD), coarse‐grained dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and Monte Carlo‐like polymerizing models are used in combination. It shows that mutual diffusions of the three components tend to result in gradient distributions in the fiber vicinity crossing the interphase transition region. The diffusion behavior is extremely restrained by the crosslink reactions. The results indicate that a period of diffusion before the initiation of chemical reaction is necessarily important to obtain sufficient crosslink within the interphase. The sizing amount and the sizing compositions have significant influence on the interphase region. Thicker sizing layer leads to less crosslink and wider transition region, whereas existence of hardener agent in the sizing layer can generate higher crosslink density without changing the width of the interphase. These results deepen our understanding on molecular formation and optimization of the three‐dimensional interphase region in carbon fiber/epoxy composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40032.
Identification and characterization of novel surfactins produced by fungal antagonist Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 6B
Authors: Pathak Khyati V. , Bose Anjali , Keharia Haresh
Published: October 2013

The broad‐spectrum fungal antagonist, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 6B (BA6B), isolated from the Jakhao coast of Kutch, India, was investigated for its antifungal metabolites using mass spectrometry. The cyclic lipopeptides harvested from the cell‐free fermentation broth of BA6B by acid precipitation and subsequently dissolved in methanol were subjected to liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS) for their identification and sequence determination. The 26 types of surfactin variants were identified from the methanolic extract by LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis. Among 26 surfactin species, several new cyclic as well as acyclic surfactin variants based on the variation in the β‐hydroxy fatty acid (β‐OH FA) chain length and/or in amino acid positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 were identified. The mass spectrometric analysis of crude extract also enabled the identification of 11 unique molecular mass ions with minimum two or maximum four types of isobaric peptide variants.
Continuous ethanol production from sugarcane molasses using a newly designed combined bioreactor system by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Xu Wanxia , Liang Lei , Song Zhentao , Zhu Mingjun
Published: October 2013

Continuous ethanol fermentation using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), immobilized yeast, and sugarcane molasses (22 and 35°Bx) with 8 g/L urea was run in a combined bioreactor system consisting of three‐stage tubular bioreactors in series. The effect of the dilution rate (D) at 0.0037, 0.0075, 0.0117, 0.0145, 0.018, and 0.0282 H−1 on continuous ethanol fermentation was investigated in this study. The results showed that D had a significant effect on fermentation efficiency, sugar‐utilized rate, ethanol yield, and ethanol productivity in this designed continuous fermentation system. The D had a linear relationship with residual sugar and ethanol production under certain conditions. The highest fermentation efficiency of 83.26%, ethanol yield of 0.44 g/g, and the lowest residual sugar content of 6.50 g/L were achieved at 0.0037 H−1 in the fermentation of 22°Bx molasses, indicating that the immobilization of cells using PVA, sugarcane pieces, and cotton towel is feasible and the established continuous system performs well.
Imaging early signaling events in T lymphocytes with fluorescent biosensors
Authors: Randriamampita Clotilde , Lellouch Annemarie C.
Published: October 2013

Many recent advances in our understanding of T lymphocyte functions in adaptive immunity are derived from sophisticated imaging techniques used to visualize T lymphocyte behavior in vitro and in vivo. A current challenge is to couple such imaging techniques with methods that will allow researchers to visualize signaling phenomenon at the single‐cell level. Fluorescent biosensors, either synthetic or genetically encoded, are emerging as important tools for revealing the spatio‐temporal regulation of intracellular biochemical events, such as specific enzyme activities or fluctuations in metabolites. In this review, we revisit the development of fluorescent Ca2+ sensors with which the first experiments visualizing T lymphocyte activation at the single‐cell were performed, and which have since become routine tools in immunology. We then examine a number of examples of how fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based biosensors have been developed and applied to T lymphocyte migration, adhesion and T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐mediated signal transduction. These include the study of small GTPases such as RhoA, Rac and Rap1, the tyrosine kinases Lck and ZAP‐70, and metabolites such as cAMP and Ca2+. Future development and use of biosensors should allow immunologists to reconcile the vast wealth of existing biochemical data concerning T‐cell functions with the power of dynamic live‐cell imaging.
Percutaneous device closure of abernethy malformation—A treatable cause of hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: Venkateshwaran Subramanian , Krishnamoorthy Kavassery Mahadevan , Sivasankaran Sivasubramonian
Published: October 2013

An eight‐year‐old girl was evaluated for unexplained cyanosis. A contrast echo was suggestive of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Further evaluation revealed Abernethy malformation (type 2) leading to hepatopulmonary syndrome. Percutaneous device closure of Abernethy malformation was done after anatomical and physiological evaluation of the portal circulation. Prior to closure, it is important to ensure adequate portal radicals into the liver and normal portal pressure after test balloon occlusion. Subcostal echocardiography can diagnose and guide device closure of Abernethy malformation, a treatable cause of hepatopulmonary syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a CFD Model of Bubble Column Bioreactors: Part One – A Detailed Experimental Study
Authors: McClure D. D. , Kavanagh J. M. , Fletcher D. F. , Barton G. W.
Published: October 2013

The holdup and bubble size distribution (BSD) in bubble columns using both air/water and an industrially relevant air/fermentation media system are investigated. It was found that the BSD in the air/fermentation media system was quite narrow and did not change with height. In contrast, the BSD in the air/water system varied considerably with height depending on the sparger design used. Holdup measurements were also performed for different superficial velocities. The holdup in the air/fermentation media system was greater than that for the air/water system, a result attributed to the presence of surface‐active compounds in the fermentation media.
MicroRNA‐222 and MicroRNA‐146b are tissue and circulating biomarkers of recurrent papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Lee James C. , Zhao Jing Ting , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick J. , Gill Anthony , Gundara Justin S. , Ip Julian C. , Glover Anthony , Sywak Mark S. , Delbridge Leigh W. , Robinson Bruce G. , Sidhu Stanley B.
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) persistence or recurrence and the need for long‐term surveillance can cause significant inconvenience and morbidity in patients. Currently, recurrence risk stratification is accomplished by using clinicopathologic factors, and serum thyroglobulin is the only commercially available marker for persistent or recurrent disease. The objective of this study was to determine microRNA (miRNA) expression in PTC and determine whether 1 or more miRNAs could be measured in plasma as a biomarker for recurrence.

METHODS

Patients with recurrent PTC (Rc‐PTC) and those without recurrence (NR‐PTC) were retrospectively recruited for a comparison of their tumor miRNA profiles. Patients with either newly diagnosed PTC or multinodular goiter who were undergoing total thyroidectomy were prospectively recruited for an analysis of preoperative and postoperative circulating miRNA levels. Healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group.

RESULTS

MicroRNA‐222 and miR‐146b were over‐expressed 10.8‐fold and 8.9‐fold, respectively, in Rc‐PTC tumors compared with NR‐PTC tumors (P = .014 and P = .038, respectively). In plasma from preoperative PTC patients, levels of miR‐222 and miR‐146b were higher compared with the levels in plasma from healthy volunteers (P < .01 for both). Reductions of 2.7‐fold and 5.1‐fold were observed in the plasma levels of miR‐222 and miR‐146b, respectively, after total thyroidectomy (P = .03 for both).

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated that tumor levels of miR‐222 and miR‐146b are associated with PTC recurrence and that miR‐222 and miR‐146b levels in the circulation correspond to the presence of PTC. The potential of these miRNAs as tumor biomarkers to improve patient stratification according to the risk of recurrence and as circulating biomarkers for PTC surveillance warrants further study. Cancer 2013;119:4358–4365. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Subicular–parahippocampal projections revisited: Development of a complex topography in the rat
Authors: O'Reilly Kally C. , Gulden Dahl Annelene , Ulsaker Kruge Ingvild , Witter Menno P.
Published: October 2013

The subicular–parahippocampal projection has been proposed as the major output pathway of the hippocampus. This projection shows a striking topographic organization along its three‐dimensional axes. Here we aimed to study the development of this projection system. We found that an adult‐like topography of subiculum‐to‐parahippocampal projections is present by postnatal day 7 (P7). The cellular morphology in the subiculum is immature at this age, reaching maturity by P15–19. The density of projections increases from P7 to P15–19 but does so within the constraints of the adult topography. Projections to the entorhinal cortex show a clear arrangement in line with the adult data, in that distal portions of the subiculum project to the medial entorhinal cortex, whereas proximal portions project to the lateral entorhinal cortex. Our results add new details to the proximodistal organization of projections to the pre‐ and parasubiculum. We show that these projections arise exclusively from the more distal part, sharing their origin with that of medial entorhinal projections. Within this distal portion of the subiculum, a proximodistal gradient of origin maps onto a presubicular termination gradient starting in proximal presubiculum and extending gradually until it covers the proximodistal extent. Proximally located neurons in the distal part of the subiculum target the distal portion of the parasubiculum, and distal subicular neurons target the proximal most portion of parasubiculum. Given the specificity of the known topographic projections this early in development, we expect that these newly described topographic features will be maintained in the adult. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:4284–4299, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Relation between Prototypical Processes and Psychological Distress in Psychodynamic Therapy of Five Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Goodman Geoff , Edwards Keiha , Chung Hyewon
Published: October 2013

Five inpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) participated in 6 months of three times per week psychodynamic therapy (PDT). Patients completed a measure of psychological distress every week. A total of 127 sessions were audiotaped and coded using the psychotherapy process Q‐set (PQS) and correlated with PQS prototypes of five treatment models—PDT, cognitive‐behaviour therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy, transference focused psychotherapy and dialectical behaviour therapy. Prototypical CBT process was most prevalent in three of the five PDT‐labelled treatments. Prototypical PDT process significantly decreased over time in three of the five treatments. Prototypical process correlations with time were inversely proportional to prototypical process correlations with distress levels. In a multiple regression model that included all five prototypical process correlations across these three treatments, CBT and transference focused psychotherapy predicted distress reduction, whereas PDT predicted increases in distress. PQS items most negatively correlated with distress included the therapist's emphasis on feelings, empathic attunement and control over the interaction. Discussion of dreams or fantasies and therapist aloofness were most positively correlated with distress. An effective PDT treatment model for severely disturbed BPD inpatients requires technical flexibility to supplement CBT processes such as control over the interaction that can structure intense interpersonal dysregulation and stabilize distress. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Practitioners and their patients sense which prototypical processes to increase or decrease over time to reduce patients' distress.

An effective PDT treatment model for severely disturbed BPD patients needs to integrate and encourage the emergence of empathically attuned interactions in the context of a highly structured therapy experience.

Practitioners need to be flexible enough to change intervention strategies when they seem to be increasing distress in severely disturbed BPD patients.
Decomposition Characteristics of an Artificial Biogas in a Low‐Pressure DC Glow Discharge
Authors: Itoh Yasuhiro , Oshita Takamasa , Satoh Kohki , Itoh Hidenori
Published: October 2013

The decomposition characteristics of an artificial biogas, which is a mixture of CH 4, CO 2, and H 2 S, using a low‐pressure DC glow discharge have been investigated. It is found that H 2, CO, C 2 H 2, H 2 O, CS 2, and COS are produced from the artificial biogas in the glow discharge. About 65% of the hydrogen atoms in CH 4 are converted into H 2 at an input energy of 800 J, at which CH 4 is completely decomposed, and the decomposition characteristics of the artificial biogas are minimally dependent on the H 2 S additive. Further, H 2 S has a tendency to be decomposed earlier than the other components of the artificial biogas. When the glow discharge is generated in the artificial biogas with H 2 S, some of the carbon atoms are found to deposit on the electrodes and the wall of the discharge chamber. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 26–33, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22304
Improvement of Three‐Phase Unbalance Due to Connection of Dispersed Generator by Damper Windings of Synchronous Generator
Authors: Matsuki Junya , Taoka Hisao , Hayashi Yasuhiro , Iwamoto Shigeru , Daikoku Akihiro
Published: October 2013

It is well known in the numerical simulations of a synchronous generator that the damper winding contributes to suppressing three‐phase circuit unbalance in power systems. However, an experimental study has not been performed yet. In this paper, we verify experimentally the suppression of three‐phase unbalance by the damper windings. In order to simulate the three‐phase unbalance, a 470‐W dispersed generator of single‐phase two‐line type was connected to a three‐phase laboratory‐scale power system that included a 6‐kVA synchronous generator. We measured and analyzed line voltages and currents as well as damper bar currents both with and without the dispersed generator. The influence of damper windings on the unbalance of the three‐phase circuit was also investigated. The results show that the damper winding contributes to improving the three‐phase unbalance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 43–50, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22305
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Two‐DOF Oscillatory Actuator and Experimental Verification of Prototype
Authors: Takamichi Yoshimoto , Hirata Katsuhiro , Asai Yasuyoshi , Ueyama Kenji , Hashimoto Eiichiro , Takagi Takahiro
Published: October 2013

Recently, linear oscillatory actuators have been used in a wide range of applications. In particular, small linear oscillatory actuators are expected to be used in haptic devices by being extended to provide multi‐degree‐of‐freedom motion with arbitrary acceleration. In this paper, we propose a compact two‐DOF oscillatory actuator that can move in various directions on a plane. The static and dynamic characteristics of the actuator are determined by the 3D finite element method. The effectiveness of this method is shown through a comparison of the measured results with the experimental results from a prototype. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 58–65, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22312