bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible Light Shielding Performance of Fabrics with Non-Circular Cross Section Fiber
Authors: Liu Xiaosong , Wang Fumei
Published: November 2018

The models of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) non-circular cross-section (NCCS) fibers were established, and the characteristic parameters of non-circular cross-section fiber used in this numerical simulation were extracted. Furthermore, the differences of refracted light intensity ratio Irz and the direction of refracted light βt among circular, trilobal and quadri-lobal cross-section fibers were analyzed theoretically. The results show that the refracted light intensity ratios Irz of these fibers were in the range of 0.94~0.95. Both the trilobal and quadri-lobal cross-section fibers’ βt, which was the angle of refracted light to Y-axis, changed non-monotonically and much more intricately than that of circular cross-section ones. Moreover, according to the theory of geometrical optics, the effects of trilobal and quadri-lobal cross-section shapes on the changes of internal refracted light and transmitted light in fibers were also conducted. The results suggested that the refracted and transmitted light were changed more effectively in the quadri-lobal cross-section fiber. The results of the experiment show that the shielding properties of quadri-lobal cross-section filament fabrics were better than that of the counterparts with circular fibers, but the difference was limited or insignificant.
Dynamic Transportation of Water Vapor through Cotton and Polyester-Cotton Blended Fabrics
Authors: Vivekanandan M. V. , Sreenivasan S.
Published: November 2018

The water vapor transport (WVT) through a set of cotton and polyester cotton fabrics has been analyzed under dynamic conditions using the CIRCOT WVTR Apparatus. The hygrograms obtained for cotton fabrics from the experiment show three distinct phases in water vapor transport rate (WVTR) with time, in which the first slower phase may be attributed to the moisture buffering by the fabric. In addition to the parameter T82.5% defined by earlier authors, five more parameters (α, β, R30, R90 and Tb) have been defined out of which β, R30 and Tb may be considered to represent moisture buffering in fabrics. In the case of P-C blended fabrics, the hygrogram was strongly influenced by the cotton content in the fabric apart from the parameters mentioned earlier.
Discovering and Manufacturing a New Natural Insulating Material Extracted from a Plant Growing up in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ali Mohamed El-Sayed , Zeitoun Obida Mohamed
Published: November 2018

Insulating materials are very important in our daily life. They are used in building walls, refrigerators, some electrical devices, in insulating the electrical cables and in many other applications. This study presents experimental work done to determine the thermal conductivity of a new insulating natural material. This new material is extracted and developed from a plant, which grows in the desert areas of Saudi Arabia. Experimental results show that their thermal conductivity is comparable to that of the Rockwool mineral fiber. The thermal conductivity of the new material is measured for some samples with different densities. Other samples are made in the form of boards with different thicknesses using resins such as Phenol-Formaldehyde or cornstarch solution (Formaldehyde free). The thermal conductivity test is conducted at various mean temperatures from 10 to 90 oC and compared to that of the Rockwool material of similar density. The advantage of using such natural insulating materials with cornstarch as a binder is that they are not hazardous to human beings.
A Novel Solution of Monitoring Incontinence Status by Conductive Yarn and Advanced Seamless Knitting Techniques
Authors: Liu Rong , Wang Shuxiao , Lao Terence T.
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a novel solution for monitoring incontinence status through the design and development of the intelligent incontinence pants by the use of conductive yarns and incorporating advanced circular seamless knitting technology. The produced textile incorporates wire and electrodes by conductive yarn working with a siren system which can monitor, sense and alert the wearer and care provider on the incontinence status in real time so as to reduce the need for manual checking and minimize patient care workload. The engineered stitches, yarn materials, and unique seamless knitting techniques provide soft handling, special fabric mechanisms, and tactile comfort of the resulting product. The electrical resistance of knitted conductive yarn demonstrated a stable performance in wet processing. Fitting body trials were conducted to estimate product dimension and configuration. This study allows us to explore further the potential applications of conductive yarn and seamless knitting technology in bio-functional and intelligent healthcare products and solutions through integrating multidisciplinary knowledge and techniques.
A Multifunctional Yarn Made of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Vilatela Juan José , Windle Alan H.
Published: November 2018

Fibers made up of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a new high-performance material with an exceptional combination of properties derived from those of the CNT building blocks. These fibers can be produced by spinning a CNT aerogel directly from the gas-phase during CNT growth by chemical vapour deposition. The process is continuous and can currently spin fibers at rates of 100m/min. The unique yarn-like structure of CNT fibers gives them exceptional toughness, resilience to bending stresses, extremely high surface area and good integration in polymer matrices. This work shows an overview of the production, properties and prospects of this new high-performance fiber.
Hollow Piezoelectric Ceramic Fibers for Energy Harvesting Fabrics
Authors: Guillot François M. , Beckham Haskell W. , Leisen Johannes
Published: November 2018

In the past few years, the growing need for alternative power sources has generated considerable interest in the field of energy harvesting. A particularly exciting possibility within that field is the development of fabrics capable of harnessing mechanical energy and delivering electrical power to sensors and wearable devices. This study presents an evaluation of the electromechanical performance of hollow lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibers as the basis for the construction of such fabrics. The fibers feature individual polymer claddings surrounding electrodes directly deposited onto both inside and outside ceramic surfaces. This configuration optimizes the amount of electrical energy available by placing the electrodes in direct contact with the surface of the material and by maximizing the active piezoelectric volume. Hollow fibers were electroded, encapsulated in a polymer cladding, poled and characterized in terms of their electromechanical properties. They were then glued to a vibrating cantilever beam equipped with a strain gauge, and their energy harvesting performance was measured. It was found that the fibers generated twice as much energy density as commercial state-of-the-art flexible composite sensors. Finally, the influence of the polymer cladding on the strain transmission to the fiber was evaluated. These fibers have the potential to be woven into fabrics that could harvest mechanical energy from the environment and could eventually be integrated into clothing.
Hybrid Reinforcement of Asphalt-Concrete Mixtures Using Glass and Polypropylene Fibers
Authors: Abtahi Sayyed Mahdi , Esfandiarpour Saman , Kunt Mehmet , Hejazi Sayyed Mahdi , Ebrahimi Milad Ghorban
Published: November 2018

There is a constant effort to improve the performance of asphalt-concrete (AC) mixtures. Among various modifiers for asphalt, fibers have received much attention for their improving effects. This paper introduces the novel concept of hybrid reinforcement of AC mixtures using polypropylene (PP) and glass fibers. Individually, glass fiber reinforced AC and PP fiber modified AC mixtures have exhibited superior performance compared to other fiber reinforced samples.

Therefore, in this work, these two types of fibers were used simultaneously to improve the performance of the AC mixtures. This type of hybrid AC composite can be engineered by taking advantage of the tacky property of PP fiber around its melting point and the high modulus of glass fiber. In this way, PP fibers with the length of 12 mm were blended with bitumen at different percentages. Glass fibers with the length of 12 mm were also added to aggregates. Marshall and Specific Gravity tests were performed on hybrid reinforced asphalt-concrete (HRAC) samples by taking advantage of a Superpave Gyratory Compactor. In the case of the bituminous specimens, penetration, softening point and ductility tests were carried out. The results revealed that PP fibers decrease penetration and ductility of modified bitumen, while the softening point value is increased compared to unmodified bitumen specimen. Marshall Test results illustrate that PP can statistically affect the properties and improve the consistency of the mixture. Using a combination of 0.1% of glass fiber plus 6% of PP presented the best hybrid reinforcement through increasing stability and decreasing flow. Therefore, it is concluded that this novel HRAC is suitable for use in hot regions due to growth in the void total mix (VTM) and stability.
Elastic Strain of PTT/PET Self-Crimping Fibers
Authors: Wang Fumei , Gu Fei , Xu Bugao
Published: November 2018

This paper studies the relationship between crimp curvatures and elastic strains of two series of PTT (Polytrimethylene terephthalate)/ PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) self-crimping fibers produced with two different spinnerets which merge PTT and PET fluids at different points. The crimp curvature is estimated based on fiber cross-sectional parameters and the polymer properties. The elastic strain, the strain associated with crimp removal, is measured directly from the stress-strain curves of the fibers. It was found that the crimp curvatures of the PTT/PET filaments in the two series increased with their PTT contents. The elastic strains of the PTT/PET filaments in each series showed a linear positive correlation with the estimated crimp curvatures. A linear equation (R=0.979) was established to predict the elastic stain from the calculated curvature for fibers in different series. This prediction equation can help to determine appropriate fiber cross section, composite ratio and distribution of the two components in the design stage of filament. The paper also shows a color image of dyed PTT/PET filaments, which is helpful in examining the interfacial morphology of the two components. Thus, the spinning method has a certain influence on the interfacial morphology of the fiber cross-section.
Effect of Fabric Structure and Weft Density on the Poisson's Ratio of Worsted Fabric
Authors: Shahabi Nazanin Ezaz , Saharkhiz Siamak , Varkiyani S. Mohammad Hosseini
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the impacts of weave structures and weft density on the Poisson's ratio of worsted fabric under uniaxial extension. In this study nine groups of worsted fabrics comprising of three weave structures (twill 2/2, twill 3/1 and hopsack 2/2), each produced in three different weft densities were examined. Samples were extended in weft direction uniaxially and the Poisson's ratio of fabric in various extensions was measured. Analysis showed that the effect of both weft density and weave structure are significant with no combination effect on the Poisson's ratio. It was found that there is an exponential correlation between warp and weft crimp during fabric extension. For the worsted fabrics used in this research in all three fabric structures, fabrics with higher weft yarn density have higher value of Poisson's ratio. It was also concluded that for the fabrics with the same condition but only different in structures, this ratio is related to the structural firmness of fabric. In all three fabric structures the value of the Poisson's ratio were following the same pattern of twill 2/2, twill 3/1 and hopsack 2/2 from highest to lowest value. It was revealed that there is a high linear correlation between the crimp interchange ratio and Poisson's ratio.
Duck Feather/Nonwoven Composite Fabrics for Removing Metals Present in Textile Dyeing Effluents
Authors: Jin Xiangyu , Lu Lu , Wu Haibo , Ke Qinfei , Wang Hong
Published: November 2018

In this paper, duck feather fiber was treated by alkaline solution first, then its Cu2+ sorption capacity was tested, and the sorption mechanism was studied by utilizing infrared spectrum (FTIR) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, desorption properties of the treated duck feather fiber were investigated in order to exploit it as a recycled industrial effluent treatment material. Finally, the duck feather fiber was air-laid and thermal-bonded into a composite nonwoven fabric by adding bicomponent low melt PE/PP binder fiber. It was found that the alkaline treated duck feather/bicomponent PE/PP nonwoven fabrics exhibit good mechanical properties and Cu2+ and Cr6+ sorption capacity is a promising material for textile dyeing effluent treatment.
Enhancing Dye-ability and Antibacterial Features of Silk through Pre-treatment with Chitosan
Authors: Hosseini Mehrsa , Montazer Majid , Damerchely Rogheih
Published: November 2018

Biopolymers are suitable replacement materials for different chemical processes. In this work, silk yarns were treated with different chitosan concentration and then dyed with mono and bi-functional reactive dyes. The color yield, color difference and color fastness to light and washing of the dyed silk yarns were evaluated. Also, the effects of chitosan concentration, type of the reactive dyes on dye uptake of samples were studied. The bi-functional reactive dye has a high adsorption compared to mono-functional ones. The silk yarn treated with 3% chitosan had higher K/S values, washing and light fastness. The effects of chitosan on the antibacterial properties of silk yarns against two kinds of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were investigated. The treated silk samples were found to have antibacterial potential due to the antibacterial property of chitosan. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs reveal the deposition of chitosan on the treated yarns. Washing durability, handle properties, and yellowness of treated and dyed samples were also investigated.
Structural Changes and Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Uniaxially Oriented High Density Polyethylene
Authors: Suljovrujic Edin , Micic Maja , Milicevic Dejan
Published: November 2018

The molecular relaxation behavior of an ice-quenched high density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to solid-state stretching at elevated temperature (100 °C) to various draw ratios (up to Λ=13.7) was examined by means of dielectric spectroscopy. All relaxation zones (α, β and γ, in order of decreasing temperature) between 25 K and melting temperature were studied in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The changes observed in different dielectric relaxations were related to the orientation-induced modifications of the structural and morphological parameters. In order to investigate orientation-induced structural changes, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed. Herman's orientation function (fc) was used to quantify the degree of crystal orientation. Complete disappearance of the already weak β relaxation with orientation is attributed to the increase in crystallinity, but the contribution due to a more restricted chain segment mobility in the interlamellar regions of oriented specimens should also be taken into account. Presented results also reveal two different orientation-induced dynamics in the evolution of the dielectric α and γ relaxations connected with the main transformation stages in the drawing of crystalline polymers. The transformation of the initial isotropic into a fully oriented fibrillar structure introduces large changes in the dielectric relaxation spectra of HDPE, especially in the α relaxation zone; by contrast, with further increase in the draw ratio much smaller changes are observed due to the deformation of the fiber structure by longitudinal sliding motions of microfibrils and/or by fibrils slipping past each other.
Preparation and Characterization of porous Carbon/Nickel Nanofibers for Supercapacitor
Authors: Gao Dawei , Wang Lili , Xia Xin , Qiao Hui , Cai Yibing , Huang Fenglin , Gupta Kishor , Wei Qufu , Kumar Satish
Published: November 2018

Two polymer solutions of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and Ni(CH3COOH)2 in dimethylformamide were electrospun into ternary composite nanofibers, followed by stabilization and carbonization processes to obtain porous carbon/nickel composite nanofibers with diameters of 100–200 nm. The study revealed that carbon/nickel composite nanofibers were successfully prepared, which allowed nickel particles with diameters of 20–70 nm to be uniformly distributed in the carbon nanofibers. It was also observed that the fibrous structures with particles embedded formed and the fibers broke into shorter fibers after sintering. X-ray diffraction indicated that embedded particles crystallized with the face centered cubic structure. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis revealed that carbon/nickel composite nanofibers with meso-pores possessed larger specific surface area than that of carbon nanofibers. The specific capacitance of the composite nanofiber electrode was as high as 103.8 F/g and showed stable cyclicity (73.8%).
An Approach to the Design of a Fuzzy Logic Model for the Ease Allowance Calculation in Loose Fitting Knee Length Ladies Trousers
Authors: Rasheed Abher , Zeng Xiany , Thomassey Sebastien
Published: November 2018

Consumers are getting more and more conscious about their clothing with each passing day. Everyone needs clothes of personalized design, fit, and color. The existing mass production system is not capable of handling this problem. Mass customization is a solution to this problem. This paper presents a new method of personalized ease allowance calculation using a fuzzy logic model. The model takes into account both the fabric properties and body morphology. The study is focused on a single product, namely,. loose fitting ladies trousers. Draping technique is used to determine the personalized ease allowance. Three fuzzy logic models are designed to calculate the ease allowance on three difference parts of the garment.
Yarn Strength Modelling Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP)
Authors: Fallahpour A.R. , Moghassem A.R.
Published: November 2018

This study compares capabilities of two different modelling methodologies for predicting breaking strength of rotor spun yarns. Forty eight yarn samples were produced considering variations in three drawing frame parameters namely break draft, delivery speed, and distance between back and middle rolls. Several topologies with different architectures were trained to get the best adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and gene expression programming (GEP) models. Prediction performance of the GEP model was compared with that of ANFIS using root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R2-Value) parameters on the test data. Results show that, the GEP model has a significant priority over the ANFIS model in term of prediction accuracy. The correlation coefficient (R2-value) and root mean square error for the GEP model were 0.87 and 0.35 respectively, while these parameters were 0.48 and 0.53 for the ANFIS model. Also, a mathematical formula was developed with high degree of accuracy using GEP algorithm to predict the breaking strength of the yarns. This advantage is not accessible in the ANFIS model.
A Study on the Entanglement and High-Strength Mechanism of Spunlaced Nonwoven Fabric of Hydrophilic PET Fibers
Authors: Wang Hong , Zhu Jingjing , Jin Xiangyu , Wu Haibo
Published: November 2018

Spunlaced nonwoven fabrics have been widely used recently, but fundamental research on the spunlaced nonwoven process is relatively weak. It is inexplicit until now how fibers are entangled with each other during the hydroentangling process. In this paper, a pull-out experiment designed to study the entanglement properties of spunlaced nonwoven fabrics using common and hydrophilic PET fibers as objects is described. It was found that the broken fiber content can be used to represent the entanglement intensity of the spunlaced nonwoven fabrics. In addition, a formula was set up to calculate the tensile strength of the spunlaced nonwoven fabric based on its pull-out behavior.
A New Approach to the Determination of Warp-Weft Densities in Textile Fabrics by Using an Image Processing Technique
Authors: Yildiz Kazım , Şenyürek Volkan Yusuf , Yildiz Zehra , Özen Mustafa Sabri
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a new approach for processing images of woven fabrics to determine the warp-weft densities. This approach includes three main steps, namely; image transformation, image enhancement, and analyzing signals of the image. In the experimental process, 19 different woven fabric images were scanned at a high resolution (2400 dpi); then these images were transferred to the MATLAB program. By using the vertical and horizontal frequencies of the textile image, the FFT analyses were carried out. Consequently with 97 % accuracy, the densities were predicted only by using the images instead of counting them by hand.
Performance of Flame Retardant Wool Fabric Grafted with Vinyl Phosphate
Authors: Zhang Fangjun , Guan Jinping , Chen Guoqiang
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a flame retardant dimethyl-2–(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (DMMEP) was applied to wool fabrics by the graft copolymerization technique initiated with potassium persulfate (KPS) in water media. FTIR and SEM testing were used to explore the grafting evidence on the fiber surface, the SEM results show chemical deposition on the wool fiber surface and the scales could not be seen clearly. FTIR testing exhibited IR absorption of DMMEP on the wool fiber. Thermal gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and char residue morphology SEM observation show the decomposition mode of wool fabrics and infer the possible flame retardant mechanism. The phosphorus based flame retardant DMMEP was prone to promote more nonflammble char during combustion, and increased add-on of DMMEP produced increased fabric char. With a DMMEP add-on increase from 50% to 100% on the weight of wool fabric, the treated wool fabric demonstrated high flame retardancy with an LOI above 35% which means it can not be ignited with a candle like fire, and could pass the vertical flammability test. DMMEP treatment slightly affected whiteness and moisture regain, but yielded a relatively large decrease in permeability and tensile strength, which should be explored further in later research.
Poly (lactide -co- glycolide) Fiber: An Overview
Authors: Azimi Bahareh , Nourpanah Parviz , Rabiee Mohammad , Arbab Shahram
Published: November 2018

Co-polymers of lactide and glycolide, referred to as PLGA, have generated tremendous interest because of their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical strength. Various polymeric devices like microspheres, microcapsules, nanoparticles, pellets, implants, and films have been fabricated using these polymers. They can be transformed by spinning into filaments for subsequent fabrication of desirable textile structures. Spinning may be accomplished by various routes. The fibers may be fabricated into various forms and may be used for implants and other surgical applications such as sutures. They are also easy to formulate into various delivery systems for carrying a variety of drug classes. The present article presents a review on the production of PLGA fiber by various methods, along with correlations between structure and properties of the fibers. The applications of these fibers in biomedical domains are also discussed.
Electrospinning of 100% Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanofibers
Authors: Sohofi Negar , Tavanai Hossein , Morshed Mohammad , Abdolmaleki Amir
Published: November 2018

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), one of the most important chitosan derivatives, is synthesized by alkalization of chitosan, followed by carboxymethylation. CMC has higher moisture absorption and moisture retention, higher chelating and sorption abilities as well as better biological properties than chitosan. Polymeric nanofibrous mats produced through electrospinning have high specific surface area and high porosity which are beneficial for various applications. Up to present time, the electrospinning of CMC has only been possible by the addition of polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene oxide. The present study focuses on the electrospinning of 100% CMC. It was found that the solution of CMC (5–6%) in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was electrospinnable, producing nanofibers containing some beads. However, adding dichloromethane (DCM) to TFA made the electrospinning uniform, and bead-free CMC nanofibers with an average diameter of 260 nm was possible. This study shows that viscosity and surface tension of the electrospinning solution of CMC plays an important role in making CMC solution electrospinnable.
The Influence of Woven Fabric Structure on Kinetics of Water Sorption
Authors: Hamdaoui Mohamed , Achour Nesma Sawssen , Nasrallah Sassi Ben
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the results of an experimental study designed to determine the kinetics of water sorption on cotton fabrics are presented. The dynamic water sorption of cotton fabrics was gravimetrically investigated at 20°C by using an experimental device, which assured the vertical suspension of the cloth surface and permitted the measurement of the mass of liquid rising in the fabric. A good fit of the experimental data with the parallel exponential kinetics model was found. The results show that the weave structure and the number of yarns per centimeter had a significant influence on the model parameters and the kinetic rate of sorption.
Optimization of Process Parameters of Wet-Spun Solid PVDF fibers for Maximizing the Tensile Strength and Applied Force at Break and Minimizing the Elongation at Break using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Tascan Mevlut
Published: November 2018

PVDF polymer is well known with its high strength, toughness and piezoelectric properties. It is commonly used in film form for sensor applications, mechanical actuators, energy harvesters, artificial muscles, and membranes. PVDF polymer is also used as hollow fiber membranes in filtration applications, such as nanofiber-web produced using electrospinning and as solid PVDF fiber produced using melt spinning for research purposes. According to a literature study, research on PVDF solid fiber production using wet spinning is limited.

This article is about the optimization of the process parameters of wet-spun solid PVDF fibers for maximizing the tensile strength and applied force at break and minimizing the elongation at break using the Taguchi Method. According to the results, the highest applied force at break was achieved when PVDF fiber made from the process parameters of 12 rpm pump speed, 1.5 mm spinneret diameter, 1.0 draw ratio, and 40°C draw temperature. The highest tensile strength was achieved when PVDF fiber was made from the process parameters of 8 rpm pump speed, 1mm spinneret diameter, 2.0 draw ratio, and 40°C draw temperature. The minimum elongation at break was achieved when PVDF fiber was made from the process parameters of 4 rpm pump speed, 1.5 mm spinneret diameter, 2.0 draw ratio, and 25°C draw temperature. These results may prove that process parameters could be used for the further production of the PVDF fibers. Additionally, the Taguchi method was found to be reliable for optimizing the wet spinning of PVDF fibers.
Surface Roughness Evaluation of Textile Fabrics: A Literature Review
Authors: Mooneghi Sara Asghari , Saharkhiz Siamak , Varkiani S. Mohammad Hosseini
Published: November 2018

Surface roughness is an important and effective factor in predicting tactile properties of fabrics. The definition of surface roughness and its different evaluating methods are divided into two main groups, subjective and objective, are reviewed. The latter consists of contact and non-contact methods. The evaluation in subjective and objective techniques is done by trained people as a measuring device and an apparatus, respectively.
Kinetics of Thermal Degradation of Viscose Fiber and Fire Retardant Viscose Fiber
Authors: Wang Tao , Xu Xianlin , Ren Yanlin , Qin Songtao , Sui Xiaoyang , Wang Lina
Published: November 2018

The thermal decomposition behavior of fire retardant viscose fiber and viscose fiber were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under air atmosphere at heating rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40oC/min. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor were calculated by using the Kissinger method, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method and Satava-Sestak method. The results show that the activation energy for the fire retardant viscose fiber calculated by Kissinger and FWO method was 102.51kJ/mol and 103.73kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energy for viscose fiber calculated by Kissinger and FWO method was 103.58 kJ/mol and 104.83kJ/mol, respectively. The kinetic mechanism function of fire retardant viscose fiber was G(α) = [(1+ α)13-1]2 following a kinetic model of three-dimensional diffusion and the kinetic mechanism function of viscose fiber was G(α) = α3/2 following the power function rule.
Desulfurization Properties of Activated Carbon Fibers
Authors: Liu Wei , Adanur Sabit
Published: November 2018

Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) are one of the most promising adsorbents due to their outstanding properties, such as more exposed adsorption surface, narrower pore size distribution, fast adsorption rate and flexibility, in comparison with granular activated carbon and activated carbon powder. In this work, ACFs manufactured from various raw materials were studied and their pore structures and sulfur dioxide removal performance under dry and humid conditions were investigated. From the ACFs studied in this paper, larger surface area was found correspond to higher total pore volume and larger DA micropore diameter. In dry air, breakthrough capacity of ACFs with sulfur dioxide was found to be proportionately dependent on micropore ratio and pore size distribution. Although powdered activated carbon (PAC) showed higher breakthrough capacity, its adsorption rate was slower than ACFs due to the difference of the pore structure. The presence of water vapor in the air stream greatly increased SO2 adsorption capacities of ACFs but affected their utilization differently.
Influence of Thermal Oxidation on Complex Permittivity and Microwave Absorbing Potential of KD-I SiC Fiber Fabrics
Authors: Ding Donghai , Luo Fa , Shi Yimin , Chen Jin
Published: November 2018

The complex permittivity and microwave absorbing potential of KD-I SiC fiber fabrics at X band as functions of thermal oxidation time and temperature were investigated. The values of ∊’ (real part) and ∊” (imaginary part) of the complex permittivity of the fabrics decreased with increasing thermal oxidation time and temperature. It was found that the microwave absorbing potential of fabrics can be optimized by thermal oxidation. The best reflection loss was obtained for the sample oxidized for 30 min at 500°C. Its lowest reflection loss is about −25.4 dB at 10.3 GHz, and its absorbing frequency band is about 4 GHz. The oxidized KD-I SiC fiber fabric is a good microwave absorbing material with low density, high temperature resistance, and flexibility.
Removal of Carbonate Ion through Cellulose Fiber Supported Solid Membrane
Authors: Gaikwad A. G.
Published: November 2018

A novel fiber supported solid membrane was prepared by chemical modification of cellulose fiber with tartaric acid, 8-hydroxyquinoline and magnesium carbonate for removal of bicarbonate ion. Loading effect of tartaric acid, magnesium metal ion and 8-hydroxyquinoline over cellulose fiber was studied for removal of carbonate ion. The selective removal of carbonate, sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate ions through fiber supported solid membrane was investigated. The removal of carbonate ion with/without bubbling of CO2 was determined in source and receiving phases.
A Novel Weave/Color Repeat Extraction Method with Error Tolerance
Authors: Zhou Di , Zhou Luoqing , Sheng Xinyi , Sun Jun
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we propose a simple but efficient method to identify the correct repeat unit in a yarn-dyed fabric weave pattern and color pattern automatically, especially when they contain error pattern recognitions. With only the color pattern of the fabric to be detected, our method can solve three problems simultaneously, even though there are errors in color pattern recognition. The method extracts the weave/color repeat unit, identifies the full weave pattern, and locates and rectifies the misrecognition in color pattern if there is one. The layout of color yarns is obtained by statistical solution. The weave pattern is partly determined by the correlation between color pattern and weave pattern, while that left can be identified by tentative grouping. In this process, the weave repeat unit is obtained when every group achieves internal uniformity; moreover the misrecognition in color pattern can be located and rectified simultaneously. Finally, the color repeat unit can also be extracted in the same way. Experiments on real fabrics validate the effectiveness of our method in extracting weave/color repeat unit from color pattern which contains errors.
Mechanical Property Evaluation of Fiber-Reinforced and Fabric-Reinforced Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Temporary Filling Materials
Authors: Lu Chao-Tsang , Lin Jia-Horng
Published: November 2018

Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) is usually applied clinically as dental filling material for thermal insulation and temporary restoration. The objective of this study was to use ZOE as a composite matrix and low melting-point polyester fibers or fabrics as reinforcement. The added fibers or fabrics increased the composite materials’ compressive load by 250 N and 290 N, respectively. Fiber length and thermal-drying temperatures had no significant influence on setting time ( p>0.05), but the degree of solubility of the filling material had statistical significance ( p<0.05). Only the compressive load results were raised at the end of the curve. The optimum compressive load results, 290 N and 331 N, were observed in the 10 mm PET fiber processed at 130 °C. With its excellent compressive load, this composite material has the ability to sustain a bigger bite force; thus, the fiber-reinforced or fabric-reinforced composite materials are feasible for temporary clinical dental treatment.
Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Fabric Sandwich Composites
Authors: Wang Mengyuan , Cao Haijian , Qian Kun
Published: November 2018

Three-dimensional fabric sandwich composites (3D fabric composites) were prepared by impregnating epoxy resin in a hand lay-up procedure. Two types of the 3D fabric composites with the core height of 10mm and 20mm were selected to study the mechanical properties of 3D fabric composites, including flat compression, shear, and flexure properties. The results show that the flexure properties of the 3D fabric composites increased with the increase of core height, while the flat compression and shear properties decreased. Compared with the 3D fiber composites, the 3D fabric composites have much better flat compression and shear properties, although the flexure properties were similar. This work could provide a reference for the optimization of design and mechanical properties of the 3D fabric sandwich composites.
Experimental Analysis and Orthotropic Hyperelastic Modelling of Textile Woven Fabric
Authors: Zouari R. , Amar S. Ben , Dogui A.
Published: November 2018

This paper presents an experimental study and hyperelastic modelling of orthotropic mechanical behavior of woven textile fabric. The strain energy function of the hyperelastic model is a combination of the warp extension, weft extension, and shear angle between warp and weft directions. The experimental and fitting analysis of the anisotropy is realized using off-axis tensile tests for five textile woven fabrics. Orthotropic hyperelastic modelling highlights the anisotropy tensile property of textile woven fabric compared to orthotropic linear elastic modelling. Particular attention is given to the influence of weave structure on fabric anisotropy.
Modeling Ultraviolet Protection Factor of Polyester-Cotton Blended Woven Fabrics Using Soft Computing Approaches
Authors: Hatua Piyali , Majumdar Abhijit , Das Apurba
Published: November 2018

Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of woven fabrics is modeled by using two soft computing approaches, namely adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN). Three fabric parameters: proportion of polyester in weft yarns, weft count, and pick density are used as input parameters for predicting fabric UPF. Two levels (low and high) of membership function for each of the input parameters are used to reduce the complexity of ANFIS. The eight linguistic fuzzy rules trained by ANFIS are able to explain the relationship between fabric parameters and UPF. A comparison between ANFIS and ANN models is also presented. Both the models predict the UPF of fabrics with very good prediction accuracy in the testing data sets.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Fabrication of Wool Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites with Respect to Mechanical Properties
Authors: Govindaraju Rajkumar , Jagannathan Srinivasan , Chinnasamy Mohanbharathi , Kandhavadivu P.
Published: November 2018

The present study focused optimizing the process parameters of compression molding with respect to mechanical properties for fabrication of wool fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. An experiment was designed using the Box-Behnken method with three levels and three variables using temperature, time, and pressure, as independent variables and tensile, flexural, and impact strengths as dependent variables. The process conditions were optimized using response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken experimental design. Regression equations were obtained to analyze tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength and the optimum process parameters were identified. The results show that the optimum conditions for compression molding are 176°C, 7 min, and 35 bar.
The Property of Automobile Engine Oil Filtration Material and the Development of New Filter
Authors: Feng Jian Yong , Zhang Jianchun
Published: November 2018

The main purposes of this paper are to research the structure and property of commonly used oil filtration materials on the basis of the hierarchical cluster method and to develop new filter material. For this objective we selected ten different oil filtration materials and made a comparison of their filtration properties. In addition, the hierarchical cluster method was used to classify these ten oil filtration materials into three different categories. Objective classification results in the case of data matrix of different properties had a rather accurate result, which was almost consistent with the result of subjective classification. It was found that three different kinds of filtration material had different structures and properties in practical application. In addition, the results indicate that the filtration property of the new filter developed on the basis of hierarchical cluster analysis was very close to the first material.
A Combined Discrete Event, Agent - Based Approach to Modeling the Tensile Strength of One - Dimensional Fibrous Materials
Authors: Cherkassky Arkady , Bumagin Eugene
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a new approach to predict the tensile strength of one-dimensional fibrous materials. The approach combines discrete-event simulation of the fiber flow with agent-based modelling of the fiber slippage. The ability of the elaborated model of the fiber flow to track every fiber separately enables the calculation and analysis of all contacts and forces between the fibers, and the prediction of the material's tensile strength. The model is based on the phenomenon of the strength associated with the fiber slippage effect. Algorithms for modeling the cross-section and the segment tensile strength are developed. Implementation of this algorithm and the study of the behavior of the elaborated model by varying the basic parameters will be described in the Part 2 of the article.
Investigation of Wash Durability of Silica Nanoparticle Coated 100% Cotton Reactive Dyed Fabric Treated by Sol-Gel Technique
Authors: Saleemi Sidra , Malik Samander Ali , Syed Uzma , Tanwari Anwaruddin
Published: November 2018

In this research a hydrophobic surface of 100% cotton woven fabric was developed by sol-gel technique.

Fabric samples were dyed with Drimarene Reactive Red 5B and Drimarene Reactive Blue BR dyes (0.5% and 3% o.w.f) and then treated with a combination of silica nanoparticles, silane hydrophobes (alkyltrialkoxysilanes), and silane cross-linkers i.e, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and teramethoxysilane (TMOS) by dip-dry-cure process.

After coating, wash durability of dyed samples was investigated for water repellency and water uptake according to AATCC standards. The effect of coating on dyeing behavior was assessed by measuring the (K/S)λmax value, while change in color (ΔE) and fastness properties of coated fabric also investigated.

It has been observed that durable hydrophobicity achieved on cotton reactive dyed fabric through non-fluorine sol-gel route with silica nanoparticles with better fastness properties with little effect on shade.
Determining the Light Transmission of Woven Fabrics through Different Measurement Methods and Its Correlation with Air Permeability
Authors: Haleem Noman , Ibrahim Sayed , Hussain Tanveer , Jabbar Abdul , Malik Mumtaz Hassan , Malik Zulfiqar Ali
Published: November 2018

The study aims to present a relationship between air permeability of woven fabrics and their light transmission properties. Polyester / cotton (48:52) blended woven fabrics were utilized in the study. Air permeability is measured using the standard test method already established while the light transmission through the fabric is measured by means of two different methods. One method is based on measurement of light transmitted from a back lit fabric by means of a light sensor. The second method is based on image processing techniques which require a digital back lit image of fabric and an algorithm is applied to measure the amount of light transmitted through it. Results from both methods are compared and correlated with the air permeability and porosity of woven fabrics. Analysis shows that the results from former method have a stronger and more significant relationship with air permeability of woven fabrics comparatively.
Ballistic Properties of Hybrid Thermoplastic Composites with Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Obradović Vera , Stojanović Dušica B. , Jančić - Heinemann Radmila , Živković Irena , Radojević Vesna , Uskoković Petar S. , Aleksić Radoslav
Published: November 2018

Multi-axial aramid fabrics have a wide range of applications in the construction of composite structures for body armor. Nanoparticles, which include nanosilica, are one of the most common nanofillers for these structures. The particles of nanosilica possess nanometer dimensions with high specific surface area. Silane coupling agents are mostly used for modifying nanosilica surface in order to prevent silica agglomeration. Incorporation of nanosilica treated with silane adhesion promoter, in the matrix part of the hybrid composite form, leads to increased resistance to the bullet shock impact.

In this study, the resistance to penetration of a shot bullet was tested for four samples of the aramid fabric composite forms. All fabrics were coated with γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (AMEO silane)/ethanol solution. Two samples were impregnated with poly (vinyl butyral) (PVB)/ethanol solution, while the other two were impregnated with the same solution, but with the addition of the 30 wt.% AMEO silane modified silica nanoparticles as reinforcement. The samples were both hard and flexible options. The bullet-shooting test was applied to all the composites by two different bullet types. The structural design of the samples improved the ballistic resistance after the bullets were shot. Some ballistic image analyses for print and penetration depth of the samples were performed using Image Pro-Plus software.
Effect of Solvent on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanofibers Obtained by Solution Blow Spinning
Authors: Oliveira Juliano , Brichi Glaúcia Silveira , Marconcini José Manoel , Mattoso Luiz Henrique Capparelli , Glenn Gregory Melvin , Medeiros Eliton Souto
Published: November 2018

Solution blow spinning (SBS) is a simple, safe, and inexpensive alternative to electrospinning for making nanofibers from polymer solutions. However, since SBS is a relatively new technique, there is a general lack of information on polymer solutions and properties that affect fiber morphology and intrinsic properties. The present study reports the solution properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) dissolved in chloroform, dichloromethane, and dichloroethane at 4%, 6%, or 8% (w/v) and the properties of fibers made by SBS. In contrast to 4% polymer solutions, fibers made from 6% polymer solutions had few beads and diameters in the range of 120–320 nm. Diameters were greater (311–570 nm) for fibers made from 8% polymer solutions. Solvent evaporation rate affected the fiber porosity and formation. Hansen solubility parameters indicate that dichloromethane was the solvent most miscible with PLA. Fibers made with PLA in dicloromethane had the broader range in fiber diameter. Hansen parameters could be a valuable predictive tool for identifying highly miscible polymer/solvent systems for the SBS process. Polymer solutions with high viscoelasticity and viscosity were well suited for the SBS process. Fibers made from polymer solutions containing dichloromethane had lower crystallinity compared to fibers made from the other solvents.
Geometrical Arrangement in the Needle Loop of Multifilament Yarn using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Bakhshpour Ramin , Ajeli Saeed , Hasani Hossein , Asgharyan Jeddi Ali Asghar
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the loop structure of plain knitted fabrics, constructed from multifilament yarns is geometrically modeled. This model is based on post-buckling behavior of multifilament yarns composed of two, three or seven filaments by assuming that their cross-section is circular. In the first step of modeling, 2-D post buckled shape of each filament within the yarn structure was investigated regarding the classic theory of Elastica. In this step, volumetric intersections between the filaments occurred. In the second step, the arrangement of the filaments in 3-D space after applying an out-plane bending force, was predicted. Genetic Algorithm was used to find the minimum bending force and reduced the volumetric intersections between the yarn's constitutive filaments using the Genetic Algorithm method, constant forces between the filaments is replaced with a concentrated out-plane force which results in reducing the problems of complexity and optimization. The geometry position of yarn filaments is also modeled using finite element method. Comparison of results indicated a small difference between the two models and confirms that the analytical proposed model is acceptable.