bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Local Ecological Knowledge for Waterbird Conservation: Insights From Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tarakini Tawanda , Guerbois Chloé , Wencelius Jean , Mundy Peter , Fritz Hervé
Published: October 2018

Weaving local and scientific knowledge systems is important to enhance understanding, practice, and ethics toward natural resources sustainable utilization. We focused on wetlands and waterbirds and used local knowledge and perceptions by key informants in and around a protected area in Zimbabwe to investigate (a) trends in rainfall and water quality, (b) waterbird trends and associated uses, and (c) drivers, mechanisms, and impacts behind waterbird trends, to understand waterbird ecological dynamics. We confronted these perceptions to available data locally and globally. Furthermore, we explored local ideas to improve waterbird survival. Associations between informant variables and trends in water quality were tested using the χ2 test while multiple correspondence analyses were used to explore drivers, mechanisms, and impacts of bird trends. Wildfowl were cited the most (48.7% of all citations), probably linked to their use as food, and they were negatively driven by human predation but would increase when left to follow natural processes. Changes in natural processes and wetlands drove large piscivores into decline, but their populations would increase when predation was controlled. Generalist species responded positively when climate and resources were not limiting. We then discus the feasibility of the suggested waterbird conservation remedies: education, increasing surface water, law enforcement, sustainable use guidelines, and modified drinking troughs for large herbivores. Local knowledge and available local trends data were inconsistent with International Union for the Conservation of Nature trend status. The local sources of knowledge were not correlated but broadly consistent. We also discuss the scale discrepancies and how the sources of information can be complementary.
To Pack or Not to Pack: Inpatient Management of Epistaxis in the Elderly
Authors: Zhou Albert H. , Chung Sei Y. , Sylvester Michael J. , Zaki Michael , Svider Peter S. , Hsueh Wayne D. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: October 2018

Background

Epistaxis is common in elderly patients, occasionally necessitating hospitalization for the management of severe bleeds. In this study, we aim to explore the impact of nasal packing versus nonpacking interventions (cauterization, embolization, and ligation) on outcomes and complications of epistaxis hospitalization in the elderly.

Methods

The 2008–2013 National Inpatient Sample was queried for elderly patients (≥65 years) with a primary diagnosis of epistaxis and accompanying procedure codes for anterior and posterior nasal packing or nonpacking interventions.

Results

A total of 8449 cases met the inclusion criteria, with 62.4% receiving only nasal packing and 37.6% receiving nonpacking interventions. On average, nonpacking interventions were associated with a 9.9% increase in length of stay and a 54.0% increase in hospital charges. Comorbidity rates did not vary between cohorts, except for diabetes mellitus, which was less common in the nonpacking cohort (26.6% vs 29.0%; P = .014). Nonpacking interventions were associated with an increased rate of blood transfusion (24.5% vs. 21.8%; P = .004), but no significant differences in rates of stroke, blindness, aspiration pneumonia, infectious pneumonia, thromboembolism, urinary/renal complications, pulmonary complications, cardiac complications, or in-hospital mortality. Comparing patients receiving ligation or embolization, no differences in length of stay, complications, or in-hospital mortality were found; however, embolization patients incurred 232.1% greater hospital charges ( P < .001).

Conclusion

Nonpacking interventions in the elderly do not appear to be associated with increased morbidity or mortality when compared to nasal packing only but appear to be associated with increased hospital charges and length of stay. Embolization in the elderly results in greater hospital charges but no change in outcome when compared to ligation.
Sex differences in health outcomes at one year following acute myocardial infarction: A report from the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events prospective acute myocardial infarction study
Authors: Dreyer Rachel P , Zheng Xin , Xu Xiao , Liu Shuling , Li Jing , Ding Qinglan , Du Xue , Li Xi , Zhang Haibo , Masoudi Fredrick A , Spertus John A , Krumholz Harlan M , Jiang Lixin
Published: October 2018

Background:

We examined sex differences in long-term health outcomes following acute myocardial infarction in China, including mortality, major adverse cardiac events and health status (symptoms, functioning, quality of life).

Methods:

A total of 3415 acute myocardial infarction patients (23.2% women) aged ⩾18 years were enrolled across 10 geographic regions in China (2012–2014) in the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) study. Clinical data was abstracted from medical records. Generic (Euro-Quality of Life Scale) and disease-specific (Seattle Angina Questionnaire) health status was obtained through interviews at baseline and one year.

Results:

At one year, women with acute myocardial infarction had a higher risk of death from all causes ( p<0.001), but had similar rates of major adverse cardiac events ( p=0.2). Women had lower mean generic (Euro-Quality of Life Scale utility index score: 0.90±0.13 vs 0.94±0.11) and disease specific health scores indicating poorer functioning (Seattle Angina Questionnaire summary score: 75.3±11.4 vs 78.4±9.7) and higher rates of daily/weekly angina (Seattle Angina Questionnaire angina frequency score ⩽60 vs >60: 9.1% vs 4.7%; all p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, there was a significant association between female sex and mortality (β=0.45, standard error=0.21, p=0.03) but not for major adverse cardiac events (β=−0.02, standard error=0.14, p=0.89). The association between female sex and worse generic health status persisted (β=−0.02, standard error=0.01, p=0.003), but was no longer significant between sexes for disease-specific health status (β=−0.82, standard error=0.58, p=0.154) or daily/weekly angina (odds ratio=1.39; 95% confidence interval 0.88–2.21).

Conclusion:

Women in China have higher crude rates of all-cause/cardiovascular death versus men, as well as worse generic/disease specific health status at one-year post-acute myocardial infarction. The association between female sex and worse generic health status persisted following adjustment.
A single case experimental design: how do different psychological outcome measures capture the experience of a client undergoing CBT for chronic pain
Authors: Jones Steve , Hurrell Ellie
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Reports suggest that many people who experience chronic pain also experience associated mental health difficulties. Currently the first line psychotherapeutic intervention for people who experience anxiety and depression within the context of chronic pain is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Anecdotal clinical reports suggest that commonly used psychological outcome measures do not truly reflect the experience and improvement of clients who experience chronic pain following CBT. The present study therefore aimed to compare the outcomes of a CBT intervention within one client’s journey through CBT.

Methods:

A single case experimental design (SCED) was used to evaluate generic measures of mood, pain specific measures of wellbeing and client specific cognitions.

Results:

All outcome measures suggested that the CBT intervention had been at least somewhat successful. Results suggest that the more specific the measure was to the client’s experience; the more improvement was demonstrated on the measure.
Histologic retrieval rate of a newly designed side‐bevelled 20G needle for EUS‐guided tissue acquisition of solid pancreatic lesions
Authors: Armellini Elia , Manfrin Erminia , Trisolini Elena , Andorno Silvano , Ballarè Marco , Bernardoni Laura , Boldorini Renzo Luciano , Gabbrielli Armando , Frulloni Luca , Larghi Alberto , Occhipinti Pietro , Scarpa Aldo , Crinò Stefano Francesco
Published: October 2018

Background

Innovative approaches to improve diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA) have focused on needle design with development of fine‐needle biopsy (FNB) needles with microcore‐acquisition technology. Recently, a 20‐gauge (20G) antegrade‐cutting‐side‐bevelled biopsy needle (ProCore®) was developed for EUS‐TA, but data about its diagnostic performance and histological capability are scant.

Objectives

We assessed the diagnostic performance and histologic retrieval rate of a new 20G antegrade‐cutting‐side‐bevelled biopsy needle compared with a 22G reverse‐side‐bevelled needle for EUS sampling of solid pancreatic lesions.

Patients and methods

A retrospective analysis of 238 consecutively collected patients who underwent EUS‐TA using a 20G or a 22G ProCore® needle, without rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE), was conducted at two centres.

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. Histologic tissue retrieval was evaluated applying a scoring system for each case.

Results

Sensitivity and specificity were estimated as 98.4–100% in the 20G‐, and 94.9–100% in the 22G‐needle groups, respectively (p > 0.99). The 20G procured more histologic‐grade tissues (92.6% vs 49.5%, p < 0.0001) achieved by a lower number of passes (2.64 vs 3.44, p < 0.0001) compared to the 22G.

Conclusions

Both side‐bevelled FNB needles achieved a high diagnostic sensitivity. The 20G‐side‐bevelled needle obtained a significantly higher microcore retrieval rate.
Validity of patient-reported complications after total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Dang Kinh Luan Thanh , Badge Helen , Harris Ian A
Published: October 2018

Background:

Evaluating the effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often relies on accurate patient reporting of postoperative complications. Despite this, there is little research regarding the accuracy of patient reports. We aimed to determine the accuracy of patient-reported significant complications after THA and TKA.

Methods:

Patients were recruited prior to undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty at 19 high-volume hospitals. After surgery, follow-up of patients via telephone interviews at 35, 90 and 365 days recorded surgical outcomes including readmission, reoperation and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Patient-reported complications were verified via medical record audits and liaison with surgeons, general practitioners or other health professionals. Surgical and demographic information and patient-reported and verified complications were entered into a database. Patient-reported and verified complications were compared for readmission, reoperation and VTE.

Results:

The sample included 150 of 1811 patients who reported a total of 242 significant complications. Of the 242 patient-reported complications, 224 (92.6%) were correct (true positive). The type of complication had variable levels of accuracy in patient reports. Readmission to hospital was accurately reported by 90.2% (129/143) of patients. Reoperation (including any manipulations under anaesthesia, joint washouts, reductions of dislocated joints and revisions) was accurately reported by 98.7% (75/76) of patients. VTE was accurately reported by 86.7% (20/23) of patients.

Conclusion:

A high level of accuracy in patient-reported experience of complications was demonstrated following THA and TKA. Patient-reported complications may be reliably used for post-operative surveillance of joint replacement surgery.
Extensor carpi radialis longus tendon ball interposition arthroplasty for treatment of late-stage Kienböck’s disease: Short-term results of a novel technique
Authors: Aslantürk Okan , Ertem Kadir , Ergen Emre , Köroğlu Muhammed
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term clinical and radiological results of extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) tendon ball arthroplasty for treatment of late-stage Kienböck’s disease.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed data of 19 patients suffering from Kienböck’s treated with ECRL tendon ball arthroplasty between December 2014 and December 2016. Patients’ clinical functions were assessed using grip strength, range of motion (ROM) of the wrist, QuickDASH, Mayo wrist score, and visual analog scale score. Radiological examination was performed to assess carpal height ratio and progression of arthritis.

Results:

The median follow-up was 30 months (range, 12–36 months). At final follow-up, ROM of operated wrist was 71% of the nonoperated side. Thirteen (86.6%) patients were pain free. Carpal height ratio was statistically significantly reduced compared with preoperative values. All patients declared their satisfaction with the results due to their preoperative status.

Conclusions:

ECRL tendon ball arthroplasty is a new and good option for treatment of late-stage Kienböck’s disease with low complication rate.
Newborn With Enlarged Erythematous Mass on Back: Case Report and Review of Medical Literature
Authors: Aye Myo-Sabai , Mahaseth Maheshwar , Rozzelle Arlene , Bhagat Indira , Agarwal Prashant
Published: October 2018

Newborn skin nodules are usually benign and self-resolving skin condition. Differential diagnosis of such lesions include cysts, hemangioma, abscess, cellulitis, sclerema neonatorum, subcutaneous fat necrosis, neurofibromatosis, benign tumors, or malignant tumors such as rhabdomyosarcoma, infantile fibrosarcoma, or neuroblastoma. We report a case of congenital subcutaneous fat necrosis in a 7-day-old baby presenting with multiple erythematous mass on back.
Bifunctional PD-1 × αCD3 × αCD33 fusion protein reverses adaptive immune escape in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Herrmann Monika , Krupka Christina , Deiser Katrin , Brauchle Bettina , Marcinek Anetta , Ogrinc Wagner Ana , Rataj Felicitas , Mocikat Ralph , Metzeler Klaus H. , Spiekermann Karsten , Kobold Sebastian , Fenn Nadja C. , Hopfner Karl-Peter , Subklewe Marion
Published: October 2018

The CD33-targeting bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) AMG 330 proved to be highly efficient in mediating cytolysis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in vitro and in mouse models. Yet, T-cell activation is correlated with upregulation of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and other inhibitory checkpoints on AML cells that confer adaptive immune resistance. PD-1 and PD-L1 blocking agents may counteract T-cell dysfunction, however, at the expense of broadly distributed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We developed a bifunctional checkpoint inhibitory T cell–engaging (CiTE) antibody that combines T-cell redirection to CD33 on AML cells with locally restricted immune checkpoint blockade. This is accomplished by fusing the extracellular domain of PD-1 (PD-1ex), which naturally holds a low affinity to PD-L1, to an αCD3.αCD33 BiTE-like scaffold. By a synergistic effect of checkpoint blockade and avidity-dependent binding, the PD-1ex attachment increases T-cell activation (3.3-fold elevation of interferon-γ) and leads to efficient and highly selective cytotoxicity against CD33+PD-L1+ cell lines (50% effective concentration = 2.3-26.9 pM) as well as patient-derived AML cells (n = 8). In a murine xenograft model, the CiTE induces complete AML eradication without initial signs of irAEs as measured by body weight loss. We conclude that our molecule preferentially targets AML cells, whereas high-affinity blockers, such as clinically approved anticancer agents, also address PD-L1+ non-AML cells. By combining the high efficacy of T-cell engagers with immune checkpoint blockade in a single molecule, we expect to minimize irAEs associated with the systemic application of immune checkpoint inhibitors and suggest high therapeutic potential, particularly for patients with relapsed/ refractory AML.
Interferometric full-waveform inversion
Authors: Sinha Mrinal , Schuster Gerard T.
Published: October 2018

Velocity errors in the shallow part of the velocity model can lead to erroneous estimates of the full-waveform inversion (FWI) tomogram. If the location and topography of a reflector are known, then such a reflector can be used as a reference reflector to update the underlying velocity model. Reflections corresponding to this reference reflector are windowed in the data space. Windowed reference reflections are then crosscorrelated with reflections from deeper interfaces, which leads to partial cancellation of static errors caused by the overburden above the reference interface. Interferometric FWI (IFWI) is then used to invert the tomogram in the target region, by minimizing the normalized waveform misfit between the observed and predicted crosscorrelograms. Results with synthetic and field data with static errors above the reference interface indicate that an accurate tomogram can be inverted in areas lying within several wavelengths of the reference interface. IFWI can also be applied to synthetic time-lapse data to mitigate the nonrepeatability errors caused by time-varying overburden variations. The synthetic- and field-data examples demonstrate that IFWI can provide accurate tomograms when the near surface is ridden with velocity errors.
Using seismic diffractions for assessment of tectonic overprint and fault interpretation
Authors: Dell Sergius , Hoelker Andreas , Gajewski Dirk
Published: October 2018

Assessment of the area of interest on tectonic overprint is a key aspect during various geoscientific exploration endeavors. Conventionally, 3D reflection imaging is used because it provides the highest resolution of the subsurface image. Tectonic features, e.g., faults or fractures, are imaged indirectly by means of discontinuities of the specular reflections. Specular reflections, however, are only a part of the backscattering wavefield. Geologic heterogeneities in the subsurface can act as scattering points or scattering edges, which both evoke diffracted waves. Thus, diffracted waves are a direct seismic response from subsurface heterogeneities, which have a size comparable with the prevailing wavelength or a curvature growing locally to infinity. We investigate a dedicated processing of diffracted waves, which allows direct imaging of such heterogeneities. The method is based on separation of reflections from diffractions with subsequent diffraction focusing. We apply a combination of frequency-wavenumber filtering and an adaptive-subtraction engine to isolate diffractions. Once the reflections are removed from a data set, diffracted waves are focused into their apexes yielding an image of scatter points, which can be interpreted as an indicator for the extent of the degree of inhomogeneities or can be used to map structural elements or fracture density. We use a modified coherence analysis as a focusing tool. Diffractions from the scattering points have a different phase response than diffractions from the edges. These differences can be distinguished and further guide the geologic interpretation.
President's Page
Authors: Stewart Robert R.
Published: October 2018

The night skies this summer treated us to a bright display of Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, and Venus aligned in a sparkling necklace overhead. The planets seemed disarmingly close and right neighborly. They hinted at how much exploration there is yet to do, both above and below us. It was also comforting to see their positions move slowly in contrast to the gyrations of hourly news and market shifts. Some seek understanding of human events and character in the planets, the stars, and their movements — not a bad idea as far as seasons and marine navigation go. Some geophysicists may even occasionally glance at their horoscopes. Indeed, most of us would like to predict something about the future or at least know where we're going. Of course, we're cautioned by Niels Bohr and Yogi Berra that, “Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future.” So, in imagining our geophysical future, it may be best to start with some recent history.
MASW applications for road construction and maintenance
Authors: Park Choon , Richter Jason , Rodrigues Roger , Cirone Alessandro
Published: October 2018

Road construction and maintenance are major parts of geotechnical engineering that deal with the stiffness of natural or manmade ground materials. At the earliest stage of new road construction, the ground along the planned route often needs to be characterized in terms of the overall stiffness of the overburden-bedrock system. During construction, multiple stages of compaction and grading of geotechnical materials occur, with each requiring stringent quality control processes to ensure necessary stiffness levels are achieved. After construction, it is often necessary to periodically monitor stiffness conditions underneath an existing road for development of underground subsidence, especially if the road was built over subsidence-prone areas. Traditional approaches to stiffness evaluation — for example, cone penetration tests and standard penetration tests — provide local results that are highly dependent on test location. A seismic method, on the other hand, can provide a macroscale evaluation of a given material's elastic properties. The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method provides information on shear-wave velocity, which is the most scientifically accurate indicator of material stiffness from an elasticity perspective. Because of the strong nature of surface waves, the MASW field survey becomes a highly tolerant operation and is almost always guaranteed to be effective, rendering the approach highly convenient and reliable. Subsequent data analysis procedures are straightforward and do not require the application of signal-enhancing techniques. Because subsurface velocity models can differ by type of application, corresponding dispersion patterns must be noted during the analysis. Case studies executed during the beginning and ending stages of road construction and during the maintenance stage of a built highway are presented.
Application of 2D ambient noise tomography to levee safety assessment in New Orleans
Authors: Hayashi Koichi , Lorenzo Juan M. , Gostic Adam
Published: October 2018

To develop noninvasive methods for levee inspection, we carry out shallow, active, and passive seismic investigations at three sites along levees in the New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, area: Industrial Canal, London Avenue Canal, and 17th Street Canal. These sites sustained damage from Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and have since been rebuilt. Recorded ambient noise data are processed using the common-midpoint spatial autocorrelation method. Dispersion curves obtained with active surface-wave methods and passive wave methods, which use both L-shaped and linear sensor arrays, show internally consistent similarities. Minimum frequencies range from 0.6 to 2 Hz and maximum frequencies range from 10 to 30 Hz. Nonlinear inversion of 2D S-wave velocity models generates velocity-depth cross sections that extend approximately 400–1000 m along levees and provide information to depths of 40–60 m. Resultant S-wave velocity (VS) profiles are generally consistent with existing drilling logs and the results of laboratory tests. Beneath the London Avenue Canal wall, VS values (130–170 m/s) likely correspond to saturated, unconsolidated sands, and a low-velocity (50–100 m/s) zone at depth to 15 m beneath the 17th Street Canal matches low-rigidity clays observed in geotechnical logs. Comparison to active surface-wave methods at the Industrial Canal site display similar results but highlight that while active methods have better resolution in the upper few meters, passive methods may be acquired more quickly.
Seismic response of soft water-bottom sediments
Authors: Yilmaz Öz , Mavko Gerald M. , Jodeiri Hossein
Published: October 2018

The Municipal Government of Istanbul plans to construct a second subsea tunnel across the Bosphorus Waterway between the European and Asian sectors of the city, and a submerged tube tunnel across the Golden Horn Waterway which connects to the Bosphorus Waterway. High-resolution 2-D sparker seismic surveys were conducted to delineate geometry of the sub-bottom sedimentary sequence and geometry of the sediment-bedrock interface, and to determine the locations and depths for geotechnical boreholes. In this paper, we discuss aspects of the seismic response of water-bottom sediments. Unlike the usual behavior of water-bottom multiples with alternating polarity observed in the Bosphorus case, we find that the polarity of the water-bottom primary and first-order water-bottom multiples are the same in the Golden Horn case. The polarity behavior of the water-bottom multiples in the Golden Horn is convincing evidence that the low-velocity sub-bottom sediments can be described as a gas-charged suspension — a composition that consists of particles suspended in water with only slight grain-to-grain contact and biogenic gas. The results of the velocity analysis of the Golden Horn seismic data confirm the presence of low-velocity (550–650 m/s) soft water-bottom sediments with an average thickness of 18 m above the bedrock. This makes it imperative to design the foundation pillars for the planned submerged tube-tunnel with sufficient penetration deep into the bedrock.
Qualitative time-lapse seismic interpretation of Norne Field to assess challenges of 4D seismic attributes
Authors: Maleki Masoud , Davolio Alessandra , Schiozer Denis José
Published: October 2018

Interpretation of time-lapse (or 4D) seismic data in terms of reservoir changes due to production posed many challenges in the Norne Field as the field experienced intense production activity from 1997 to 2006. For some segments within the field, fluid movement and pressure changes have approximately the same degree of impact and possibly opposite effects on the seismic data. Moreover, hardening anomalies could be caused by the increase in water saturation or gas going back to solution, while softening anomalies could be related to the increase in pore pressure or the decrease in fluid bulk modulus following the injection of gas. Therefore, for time-lapse seismic analysis to be most effective and less erroneous, different seismic attributes must be addressed to infer reservoir changes caused by production activity such as seismic amplitude and impedance derived by seismic inversion. In the present work, we analyze the challenges of 4D seismic interpretation in the Norne benchmark case. Our study indicates that acoustic impedance differences derived by a 4D model-based inversion provide an increase in vertical resolution compared to standard seismic amplitude differences. We also present a comparison between results of 4D model-based and colored inversions to evaluate the confidence of inversion anomalies. As this is a benchmark case, this study can be considered to enrich the discussions over qualitative and quantitative time-lapse seismic interpretation and to improve reservoir characterization.
Reviews
Authors: Sen Mrinal K. , Vamaraju Janaki , Lovera Oscar
Published: October 2018

Numerical Simulation in Applied Geophysics, by Juan Enrique Santos and Patricia Mercedes Gauzellino, ISBN 978-3-319-48456-3, 2016, Birkhauser, 309 p.
Memorial
Authors: Lines Larry R. , Chopra Satinder , Colton Penny , Stewart Robert R.
Published: October 2018

To many of us, Roy Lindseth was our geophysical father. He was a scientific visionary, entrepreneur, respected advisor, and kind mentor to many geophysicists, both young and experienced. He encouraged us to do great things while taking care of small details. Roy worked tirelessly for the science, application, and people of exploration geophysics. He advanced many areas of the field through his own work in seismic data processing and inversion as well as advanced seismic acquisition, high-performance computing, and communication of all of this to colleagues and students. He was our SEG president in 1976–1977 and enthusiastically participated in the geophysical world into his 90s.
Static stability predicts the continuum of interleg coordination patterns inDrosophila
Authors: Szczecinski Nicholas S. , Bockemühl Till , Chockley Alexander S. , Büschges Ansgar
Published: October 2018

During walking, insects must coordinate the movements of their six legs for efficient locomotion. This interleg coordination is speed-dependent; fast walking in insects is associated with tripod coordination patterns, while slow walking is associated with more variable, tetrapod-like patterns. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive explanation as to why these speed-dependent shifts in interleg coordination should occur in insects. Tripod coordination would be sufficient at low walking speeds. The fact that insects use a different interleg coordination pattern at lower speeds suggests that it is more optimal or advantageous at these speeds. Furthermore, previous studies focused on discrete tripod and tetrapod coordination patterns. Experimental data, however, suggest that changes observed in interleg coordination are part of a speed-dependent spectrum. Here, we explore these issues in relation to static stability as an important aspect for interleg coordination in Drosophila. We created a model that uses basic experimentally measured parameters in fruit flies to find the interleg phase relationships that maximize stability for a given walking speed. The model predicted a continuum of interleg coordination patterns spanning the complete range of walking speeds as well as an anteriorly directed swing phase progression. Furthermore, for low walking speeds the model predicted tetrapod-like patterns to be most stable, while at high walking speeds tripod coordination emerged as most optimal. Finally, we validated the basic assumption of a continuum of interleg coordination patterns in a large set of experimental data from walking fruit flies and compared these data with the model-based predictions.
Corporate Income Tax, Legal Form of Organization, and Employment
Authors: Chen Daphne , Qi Shi , Schlagenhauf Don
Published: October 2018

A dynamic stochastic occupational choice model with heterogeneous agents is developed to evaluate the impact of a corporate income tax reduction on employment. In this framework, the key margin is the endogenous entrepreneurial choice of the legal form of organization. A reduction in the corporate income tax burden encourages adoption of the C corporation legal form, which reduces capital constraints on firms. Improved capital reallocation increases the overall productive efficiency in the economy and therefore expands the labor market. Relative to the benchmark economy, a corporate income tax cut can reduce the nonemployment rate by up to 7 percent. (JEL E24, H25, H32, J23, J24)
Low Real Interest Rates, Collateral Misrepresentation, and Monetary Policy
Authors: Williamson Stephen D.
Published: October 2018

A model is constructed in which households and banks have incentives to fake the quality of collateral. These incentive problems matter when collateral is scarce in the aggregate—when real interest rates are low. Conventional monetary easing can exacerbate these problems, in that the misrepresentation of collateral becomes more profitable, thus increasing haircuts and interest rate differentials. Central bank purchases of private mortgages may not be feasible, due to the misrepresentation of asset quality. If feasible, central bank asset purchase programs work by circumventing suboptimal fiscal policy, not by mitigating incentive problems in asset markets. (JEL E43, E52, E58, E62, G21)
Imaging tumour hypoxia with oxygen-enhanced MRI and BOLD MRI
Authors: O'Connor James P B , Robinson Simon P , Waterton John C
Published: October 2018

Hypoxia is known to be a poor prognostic indicator for nearly all solid tumours and also is predictive of treatment failure for radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery and targeted therapies. Imaging has potential to identify, spatially map and quantify tumour hypoxia prior to therapy, as well as track changes in hypoxia on treatment. At present no hypoxia imaging methods are available for routine clinical use. Research has largely focused on positron emission tomography (PET)-based techniques, but there is gathering evidence that MRI techniques may provide a practical and more readily translational alternative. In this review we focus on the potential for imaging hypoxia by measuring changes in longitudinal relaxation [R  1; termed oxygen-enhanced MRI or tumour oxygenation level dependent (TOLD) MRI] and effective transverse relaxation [R  2*; termed blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) MRI], induced by inhalation of either 100% oxygen or the radiosensitising hyperoxic gas carbogen. We explain the scientific principles behind oxygen-enhanced MRI and BOLD and discuss significant studies and their limitations. All imaging biomarkers require rigorous validation in order to translate into clinical use and the steps required to further develop oxygen-enhanced MRI and BOLD MRI into decision-making tools are discussed.
Social and economic impacts of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil: Study protocol and rationale for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Kuper Hannah , Lyra Tereza Maciel , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes , de Albuquerque Maria do Socorro Veloso , de Araújo Thália Velho Barreto , Fernandes Silke , Jofre-Bonet Mireia , Larson Heidi , Lopes de Melo Ana Paula , Mendes Corina Helena Figueira , Moreira Martha Cristina Nunes , do Nascimento Marcos Antonio Ferreira , Penn-Kekana Loveday , Pimentel Camila , Pinto Marcia , Simas Clarissa , Valongueiro Sandra
Published: October 2018

Global concern broke out in late 2015 as thousands of children in Brazil were born with microcephaly, which was quickly linked to congenital infection with Zika virus (ZIKV). ZIKV is now known to cause a wider spectrum of severe adverse outcomes—congenital Zika syndrome (CZS)—and also milder impairments. This study aimed to explore the social and economic impacts of CZS in Brazil. Data was collected through mixed methods across two settings: Recife City and Jaboatão dos Guararapes in Pernambuco State (the epicentre of the epidemic), and the city of Rio de Janeiro (where reports of ZIKV infection and CZS were less frequent). Data was collected May 2017-January 2018. Ethical standards were adhered to throughout the research. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with: mothers and other carers of children with CZS (approximately 30 per setting), pregnant women (10-12 per setting), men and women of child-bearing age (16-20 per setting), and health professionals (10-12 per setting). Thematic analysis was undertaken independently by researchers from at least two research settings, and these were shared for feedback.

A case-control study was undertaken to quantitatively explore social and economic differences between caregivers of a child with CZS (cases) and caregivers with an unaffected child (controls). We aimed to recruit 100 cases and 100 controls per setting, from existing studies. The primary caregiver, usually the mother, was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information on: depression, anxiety, stress, social support, family quality of life, health care and social service use, and costs incurred by families. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to compare outcomes for cases and controls. Costs incurred as a result of CZS were estimated from the perspective of the health system, families and society. Modelling was undertaken to estimate the total economic burden of CZS from those three perspectives.
REFLEXÕES PARA UMA ABORDAGEM ALIMENTAR: SOCIEDADE, CULTURA E FRONTEIRAS
Authors: Stefanutti Paola , Klauck Samuel , Gregory Valdir
Published: October 2018

Os conceitos de sociedade, cultura e fronteiras são polissêmicos, fluidos, flexíveis e permeiam a vida dos indivíduos. A discussão sobre estes três elementos perpassa inúmeras áreas do conhecimento, mas opta-se pela abordagem a partir do fenômeno social da alimentação. A metodologia aplicada é a revisão bibliográfica. Objetiva-se realizar reflexões para uma abordagem alimentar crítica na perspectiva da sociedade, cultura, modernidade e fronteiras, fomentando a articulação entre esses conceitos. As reflexões geraram uma inter-relação entre os conceitos de grupo e coerção social por Émile Durkheim, cultura como mecanismo de controle por Clifford Geertz, modernidade e padronização por Renato Ortiz e a construção de fronteiras por Erneldo Schallenberger, possuindo como discussão de fundo a alimentação. Problematiza-se como a alimentação e os comportamentos alimentares relacionam-se com estes. Pitadas, salpicadas e polvilhadas se encontram na elaboração de um prato intelectual, para ser comido, degustado e apreciado. Espera-se, com este texto, fomentar maiores discussões sobre o fenômeno social da alimentação.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.31183
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS E ACEITAÇÃO DA ALFACE CROCANTELA PRODUZIDA EM SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO NA CIDADE DE ARARAS, SÃO PAULO
Authors: Vicentini-Polette Carolina Medeiros , Sala Fernando César , Spoto Marta Helena Fillet , Ferreira Marcos David , Borba Karla Rodrigues , Verruma-Bernardi Marta Regina
Published: October 2018

A alface crocantela, do grupo de alfaces crocantes, foi desenvolvida com características similares às cultivares crespas crocantes, com rendimento alto tanto em cultivo em campo quanto hidropônico. Além da eficiência produtiva, é importante que a folhosa possua também qualidade nutricional e aceitação do consumidor. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as características físico-químicas e aceitação da alface crocantela e das cultivares comerciais crespa crocante (SVR-2005) e vanda (TE-112), cultivadas em sistema hidropônico. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas de pH, sólidos solúveis, ácido ascórbico, clorofila, cor instrumental, pressão de turgescência, perda de massa e aceitabilidade. A alface crocantela apresentou alta turgescência, resultando em boa aparência e qualidade para comerciantes e consumidores, devido, principalmente, a sua maior durabilidade pós-colheita, sendo que a crespa crocante apresentou características bastante similares à crocantela, que também se destacou por apresentar maior teor de clorofila e coloração escura. A alface vanda se destacou positivamente pelo sabor, devido ao seu alto teor de sólidos solúveis, e por sua cor clara, aroma e impressão global. Desta forma, com alta aceitação pelos consumidores semelhantes às cultivares já estabelecidas no mercado, a crocantela apresentou características favoráreis à boa aparência e qualidade do produto tanto para comerciantes quanto para consumidores.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.31509
LA IMAGEN CORPORAL Y LA (IN)SATISFACCIÓN ENTRE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE NUTRICIÓN
Authors: Sampaio Helena Alves de Carvalho , Parente Nara De Andrade , Carioca Antônio Augusto , Jiménez Rodríguez Diana
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la correlación entre la imagen corporal y las mediciones antropométricas reales y las indicadas como deseadas en alumnos de nutrición como un factor de riesgo potencial para el desarrollo de trastornos de la alimentación. Metodología: Los estudiantes de nutrición de una universidad pública fueron evaluados por antropometría y se les aplicó el cuestionario Body Shape Questionnaire. Resultados: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de peso normal y sin insatisfacción en la imagen corporal (89,5%). Pero sólo 14 (12,3%) estaban satisfechos con su peso. Discussión: Preocuparse demasiado por la imagen y la insatisfacción puede conducir a una baja autoestima,  interferencia en sus estudios y em su futura práctica profesional. Conclusión: Aún con la baja prevalencia de insatisfacción en la imagen de sí mismo, esa alta tasa de insatisfacción con el peso actual es preocupante ya que ambos pueden aumentar el riesgo de perturbaciones futuras, una excesiva apreciación de la beleza a costa de la salud y que se refleje en su futura práctica profesional.
RESIDÊNCIAS MULTIPROFISSIONAIS EM SAÚDE COMO FOMENTADORAS DA FORMAÇÃO INTERPROFISSIONAL: PERCEPÇÃO DE NUTRICIONISTAS SOBRE AS PRÁTICAS COLABORATIVAS
Authors: Albuquerque Elizabeth Rose Nogueira de , Santana Maria Da Conceição Carneiro Pessoa de , Rossit Rosana Aparecida Salvador
Published: October 2018

O papel formador do Sistema Único de Saúde nos processos de integração ensino-serviço, vem estabelecendo as Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde (RMS) como uma de suas estratégias para o fortalecimento das políticas públicas de saúde, no Brasil, tendo como uma de suas principais interfaces a atuação interprofissional. O profissional nutricionista tem conquistado espaço nas equipes de saúde para contribuir com seu saber específico e, enquanto profissional da saúde, em todas as perspectivas da Rede de Atenção à Saúde. O estudo avaliou a percepção sobre a formação interprofissional e o desenvolvimento de competências para práticas colaborativas de nutricionistas residentes inseridos no contexto das Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde do Nordeste Brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, do tipo transversal com dados de uma realidade, de caráter descritivo-analítico e natureza quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados durante o ano de 2015, a partir de questionário eletrônico hospedado na ferramenta do Google Docs, através de escala atitudinal tipo Likert. O público alvo da pesquisa foi residentes do segundo ano das RMS dos nove estados do Nordeste. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste estatístico não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados apontaram que os nutricionistas residentes apresentam a mesma compreensão que os demais residentes das outras categorias profissionais sobre o desenvolvimento das práticas colaborativas nas RMS. Observou-se que, mesmo diante dos desafios postos pelos programas de residências, os residentes consideram que as Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde possibilitam o desenvolvimento de competências para uma prática colaborativa em saúde no contexto do SUS.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.33495
Ressonâncias de um grupo na vida das mulheres de um serviço de saúde mental [Resonances of a group in the lives of women in a mental health service] [Resonancias de un grupo en la vida de las mujeres de un servicio de salud mental]
Authors: Rézio Larissa De Almeida , Moraes Priscilla Daleffe de , Fortuna Cinira Magali
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: analisar as ressonâncias de um grupo na vida das mulheres de um serviço de saúde mental de Mato Grosso. Método: pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com cinco mulheres no período de abril a junho de 2012, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada realizada após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. O referencial teórico baseou-se em grupos operativos e na Atenção Psicossocial. Resultados: o grupo de mulheres auxiliou na reinserção social, construção de autonomia e restabelecimento de vínculos sociais e familiares. O grupo homogêneo, quanto ao gênero, facilitou a identificação entre as participantes, desenvolvendo e mantendo vínculos interpessoais, e estimulou a permanência delas no serviço. Conclusão: confirma-se a importância do grupo operativo como instrumento de trabalho na assistência em saúde mental, repercutindo em resultados condizentes com a atenção psicossocial e necessidades do universo feminino.ABSTRACT Objective: to examine how a group resonated in the lives of women attending a mental health service in Mato Grosso state. Method: a descriptive, qualitative approach was applied through semi-structured interviews of five women, from April to June 2012, after approval by the research ethics committee. The theoretical framework was based on operative groups and psychosocial care. Results: the women’s group assisted in social reintegration, autonomy-building, and reestablishing social and family ties. The group’s gender homogeneity helped participants identify, and develop and maintain interpersonal ties, and encouraged them to remain in the service. Conclusion: the study confirmed the operative group’s importance as a working tool in mental health care, where its repercussions aligned with psychosocial care and women’s needs.RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las resonancias de un grupo en la vida de las mujeres de un servicio de salud mental de Mato Grosso. Método: investigación descriptiva de enfoque cualitativo, realizada junto a cinco mujeres en el período de abril a junio de 2012, por medio de entrevista semiestructurada realizada tras la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación. El referencial teórico se basó en grupos operativos y en la Atención Psicosocial. Resultados: el grupo de mujeres auxilió en la reinserción social, construcción de autonomía y restablecimiento de vínculos sociales y familiares. El grupo homogéneo, en cuanto al género, facilitó la identificación entre las participantes, desarrollando y manteniendo vínculos interpersonales, y estimuló su permanencia en el servicio. Conclusión: se confirma la importancia del grupo operativo como instrumento de trabajo en la asistencia en salud mental, repercutiendo en resultados acordes con la atención psicosocial y necesidades del universo femenino.
Características individuais e comportamentos de autocuidado de graduandos de enfermagem: experiência em oficina sociopoética [Nursing undergraduates’ individual characteristics and self-care behavior: experience in a sociopoetic workshop] [Características individuales y comportamientos de autocuidado de los estudiantes de enfermería: experiencia en taller sociopoético]
Authors: Souza Maria das Graças Gazel de , Santos Iraci Dos , Silva Leandro Andrade da , Silva Alexandre Vicente da , Silva Leonor Coelho da , Cunha Adriana Loureiro da
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: identificar as características individuais e comportamentais de enfermagem, em oficinas sociopoéticas. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, sociopoético e estatístico, desenvolvido após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, com graduandos de enfermagem em Curso de Autocuidado, aplicando formulário em entrevista coletiva. Participaram 20 acadêmicos de enfermagem de universidade pública no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre abril e maio de 2015. Resultados: a maioria é do sexo feminino, na faixa etária dos 20 aos 25 anos, de etnia branca, protestante e com renda familiar de quatro salários mínimos e residem com os pais; são solteiros e sem filhos; apenas um declarou ter comportamentos integrados de autocuidado. Conclusão: a maioria não aplica a concepção de integralidade no autocuidado, privilegiando a higiene corporal.ABSTRACTObjective: ito identify the individual characteristics and self-care behavior of nursing undergraduates in sociopoetic workshops. Methodology: this statistical, descriptive, sociopoetic study was conducted, after approval by the research ethics committee, by applying a form at a group meeting of twenty nursing students from a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between April and May 2015. Results: most were female, single and childless, aged 20-25 years, white, Protestant, with family income of four minimum wages and lived with their parents, and only one reported integrated self-care behavior. Conclusion: most did not apply the concept of comprehensiveness to self-care, but favored body hygiene.RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las características individuales y comportamientos de enfermería, en oficinas sociopoéticas. Método: estudio descriptivo, sociopoético y estadístico, desarrollado después de la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación, con estudiantes de enfermería en Curso de Autocuidado, aplicando formulario en entrevista colectiva. Participaron 20 estudiantes de enfermería de universidad pública en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, entre abril y mayo de 2015. Resultados: la mayoría es de sexo femenino, entre 20 y 25 años, de etnia blanca, protestante y con ingresos familiares de cuatro salarios mínimos y que viven con sus padres; son solteros sin hijos; solo uno declaró que tiene comportamientos integrados de autocuidado. Conclusión: la mayoría no aplica la concepción de integralidad en el autocuidado y privilegia la higiene corporal.