bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tourists’ Emotional Experiences in Global Markets
Authors: Massoletti Carlo
Published: February 2020

Today, defining the choice trends of tourism consumption requires an in-depth analysis approach towards many features of a territory. These include its attractiveness, accommodation models, commercial network, restaurant catering system and quality of urban areas. Likewise, a modern and effective marketing strategy must take into account all these factors and enable the relevant players to give coordinated responses so that they can optimise resources and achieve common objectives.
Culture and Creativity Management: Milan as a Global Capital for Value Creation
Authors: Codignola Federica
Published: February 2020

The topic of creativity and culture in relation to urban value creation and global competitiveness becomes all the more relevant when it allows us to understand the development or the enhancement of cultural and creative industries clusters alongside with the subsequent new geographies shaping cities. In an enclosed area such as a city, the cultural and creative potential is closely related to the scale of innovation and knowledge, let alone to the kind of tourism or cultural occasions that the city provides. This article identifies specific cultural and creative sectors that are concentrated and coexist in the city of Milan. This article suggests that these markets may mutually enhance their paths of value creation whilst positively impacting on the city's tourist image. In this way, Milan will have the opportunity to become a global capital of culture and creativity.
Assessment of Low Doses Radiation Effects Using Tumor Markers among Palestinian Radiation Workers
Authors: Dahdol Areej , Hjouj Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Understanding the impact of radiation on occupational workers has been a huge concern; particularly when it comes to cancer, which is considered as a stochastic effect from radiation. This paper aims at investigating the effect of low radiation dose on tumor markers tests among Radiation Workers (RWs). Additionally, it aims at demonstrating the effect of independent variables, such exposed dose, smoking status, and the type of work on tumor markers. As for the methodology, the researchers have retrospectively reviewed collected database of tumor marker tests in four Governmental Hospitals between the period (2013- 2019) to trace the patterns of tumor marker over the years. The exposed dose record was taken from the Energy Department. Additionally, a questionnaire was distributed to acquire correlated independent variables with tumor markers records and 78 RWs participated in this study. Results indicated that after several years of tracing tumor markers, they all tend to increase in a normal range. Significantly, the Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has increased by approximately 57% in RWs. Moreover, the smoking workers have a statistically significant change in CEA. Finally, the study has not shown any relationship between the radiation doses and tumor markers. In conclusion, to the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the correlated tumor markers with low radiation doses among occupational worker. The researchers believe that these finding will contribute to ‘gap-filling’ in low dose effects, and demonstrate the importance of laboratory medical test in prediction of low doses effect. However, further investigations are needed to achieve results that are more accurate.
Characterization of the air–sea exchange mechanisms during a Mediterranean heavy precipitation event using realistic sea state modelling
Authors: Sauvage César , Lebeaupin Brossier Cindy , Bouin Marie-Noëlle , Ducrocq Véronique
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This study investigates the mechanisms acting at the air–sea interface during a heavy precipitation event that occurred between 12 and 14 October 2016 over the north-western Mediterranean area and led to large amounts of rainfall (up to 300 mm in 24 h) over the Hérault region (southern France). The study case was characterized by a very strong (>20 m s−1) easterly to south-easterly wind at low level that generated very rough seas (significant wave height of up to 6 m) along the French Riviera and the Gulf of Lion. In order to investigate the role of the waves on air–sea exchanges during such extreme events, a set of numerical experiments was designed using the Météo-France kilometre-scale AROME-France numerical weather prediction model – including the WASP (Wave-Age-dependant Stress Parametrization) sea surface turbulent flux parametrization – and the WaveWatch III wave model. Results from these sensitivity experiments in the forced or coupled modes showed that taking the waves generated by the model into account increases the surface roughness. Thus, the increase in the momentum flux induces a slowdown of the easterly low-level atmospheric flow and a displacement of the convergence line at sea. Despite strong winds and a young sea below the easterly flow, the turbulent heat fluxes upstream of the precipitating system are not significantly modified. The forecast of the heaviest precipitation is finally modified when the sea state is taken into account; notably, in terms of location, this modification is slightly larger in the forced mode than in the coupled mode, as the coupling interactively balances the wind sea, the stress and the wind.
DESIGN OF COOPERATIVE UPDATE MECHANISM OF NATIONAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATION AND BASIC SURVEYING AND MAPPING
Authors: Li C. , Luo F. J. , Yang K. , Guo R. G.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. National resources investigation and basic surveying and mapping are two important tasks of the surveying and mapping department, and they are similar in production organization and technology realization. In the process of operation, both of them need to carry out internal collection, base map production, field verification and so on. It is operationally feasible to carry out cooperative production of national resources investigation and basic surveying and mapping. From the perspective of technical process and method, both of them are carried out by combination internal and field work. Firstly, based on remote sensing images and thematic geographic data, the internal work will perform image interpretation. Then, the field verification will be carried out to make judgments and adjustments. Finally, the results of the field verification will be transferred back to the internal work, and the data will be further edited and organized in the internal work to obtain the final data.This paper analyzes the technical methods and workflow of the cooperative update mechanism of national resources investigation and basic surveying and mapping. It will enable one-time acquisition of data needed for the national resources investigation and basic surveying and mapping. It is conducive to unifying the classification system, technical standards, survey methods, establishing a natural resource data service system, and improving the natural resource data sharing working mechanism. Realize the overall control of the land space, solve the contradictory problems such as multiple doors, uneven thickness, repeated crossover, etc., advance data integration and deep development and utilization by using big data technology and data analysis model.
OVERALL QUALITY CONTROL OF 1:10000 ORTHOPHOTO PRODUCTS IN THE THIRD NATIONAL LAND SURVEY
Authors: Yan Q. Q. , Zhao Y. S. , Liu C. , Ma X. , Wu X.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Orthographic image is an important reference data source for the third national land survey, as well as the positioning benchmark and statistical basis of the national land survey, which determines the accuracy of the third national land survey results and the progress of follow-up work, and is also an important component of the third national land survey results. In order to ensure that the production of 1:10000 high-resolution orthophoto images meets the needs of the third national land survey work, and meets the relative requirements to the production of orthophoto products, it is really necessary to carry out quality control of orthophoto products.Based on the checking and accepting of 1:10000 orthophoto images at the national level, this paper discusses the quality control method of 1:10000 orthophoto products from the overall inspection. First of all, this paper studies and analyzes the key nodes of quality control in the overall inspection and clarifies the quality control requirements of each quality control key node;On the basis of carefully sorting out the typical problems found in the overall inspection of orthophoto products, carry out in-depth analysis of the causes and give corresponding solutions.This paper provides a technical reference for the quality inspection of other scale orthophoto products, and also provides a solution to the quality improvement of 1:10000 orthophoto products.
RESEARCH ON GPS HEIGHT FITTING BASED ON ABC OPTIMIZED LSSVM
Authors: Zhang Y. , Huang J. J. , Tang S. H. , Xing P. W.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Aiming at the problem that the fitting parameters of the least squares support vector machine fitting method are difficult to select, a method of introducing the artificial bee colony algorithm into the least squares support vector machine to establish a high-precision region fitting model is proposed. The artificial bee colony algorithm can perform global tracking search on the parameters in the least squares support vector machine, imitate the honey collecting process of the bees, and use the primary value of the parameters as the honey source, and the average square error predicted by the least squares support vector machine as the target. The function value is determined by iterative update within a certain range to determine the optimal parameters, and finally a GPS height fitting model with higher precision is established. Experimental analysis, compared with the conventional least squares support vector machine fitting method, the accuracy of the fitting model constructed by the ABC-LSSVM combination method is improved by 45.4%. At the same time, the combined method is better than the particle swarm optimization fitting method and BP neural network. The legal convergence effect is higher and the stability is better. The effective feasibility of the ABC-LSSVM combination method in the construction of GPS height fitting model is proved, which provides a certain reference value for the establishment of GPS height fitting model.
Adaptation Strategies of Relocated Persons in Flood Affected Areas: The Case of the Ciliwung River area in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ishenda Doris Kokutungisa , Guoqing Shi
Published: February 2020

This study discusses the adaptation of displacees due to the Ciliwung River normalization displacement program carried out by the Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) which is a special region of the capital city of the Jakarta provincial government that intends to address the problem of flooding that occurred in the capital city of Jakarta. There is a change in displacees, namely: a reduction in income as well as an increase in expenses for the rental of a low-cost flat, water and electricity. The concept used in this study is Suharto's concept of an adaptation strategy in which there are three strategic points, including active strategy, passive strategy and social network strategy. The concept was chosen because it was adapted to the habits of the Indonesian people themselves. The method used is a case study with the technique of determining the informants by snowball sampling. The results showed that displacees carried out Suharto's overall adaptation strategy.
“Not Theory, Thought”: Collingwood's Early Work on Art
Authors: Struever Nancy S.
Published: February 2020

R. G. Collingwood's strong, early, inventive interests in aesthetic experience and art activity were of fundamental importance to his lifelong engagement with philosophy and his critique of the available “academic” philosophies. And his work finds reinforcement in the current speculations in the philosophy of art of Alva Noë.
PROS Y CONTRAS DE UNA REPÚBLICA MUNDIAL
Authors: Höffe Otfried
Published: February 2020

Este artículo explica que la paz global puede lograrse por medio de un Estado de naciones que comprende cuatro variantes, aunque se propone que sólo una variante satisface los requerimientos de la razón jurídica: el Estado de naciones con forma republicana o república mundial. En razón de que la pertinencia de una propuesta filosófica depende de la valoración de sus fortalezas y debilidades, el núcleo de este artículo lo constituye el análisis de los pros y contras de un Estado de naciones con forma republicana.
RESPONSABILIDAD Y SUERTE PENAL. REFLEXIONES SOBRE UN ARGUMENTO DE EDUARDO RIVERA LÓPEZ
Authors: J. Schleider Tobías
Published: February 2020

Uno de los temas centrales de la teoría penal contemporánea es la discusión a favor y en contra de la punición igualada de tentativas y delitos consumados. Este problema es comúnmente analizado desde la perspectiva de la suerte. La meta de los defensores de la punición igualada es erradicar a la suerte de los juicios de responsabilidad penal. Para hacerlo, antes deben diferenciar entre la suerte que afecta los resultados de las acciones y otras clases de suerte involucradas. Rivera López trató de justificar tal límite en el campo de la moral, y si sus ideas pudieran trasladarse al reino del derecho penal podrían ser de gran ayuda para los partidarios de la punición igualada. Aquí trato de plantear algunas observaciones críticas a sus tesis y mostrar que, en última instancia, ellas no pueden dar apoyo a la postulación subjetivista.
LA DECISIÓN QUE AMENAZA LA DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Dworkin Ronald
Published: February 2020

Este texto analiza el caso Citizens United v. FEC (2010) en el que la Suprema Corte de los Estados Unidos, en decisión dividida, reconoció un derecho constitucional de las corporaciones a gastar de manera ilimitada en comerciales televisivos electorales. Por un lado, se revisan los precedentes judiciales más importantes respecto a los límites de la participación financiera e ideológica de las empresas en el contexto electoral. Por el otro, también da cuenta del contexto conservador existente en la Suprema Corte norteamericana al momento de dictarse la sentencia y del impacto que tiene, en términos prácticos, el hecho de que las corporaciones cuenten ahora con semejante derecho.
INTENCIÓN, CONTRATOS E INTERPRETACIÓN DE TEXTOS JURÍDICOS INDETERMINADOS
Authors: Arena Federico José
Published: February 2020

El artículo analiza la tesis intencionalista como solución a problemas de indeterminación en la interpretación jurídica. La investigación se limita a la indeterminación producida por dos rasgos del lenguaje, a saber, la vaguedad y la textura abierta. Según la tesis intencionalista el intérprete debe, en estos casos, recurrir a la intención del autor del texto. Para evitar ciertas objeciones a esta tesis, pero también para mostrar sus límites, se analiza su funcionamiento en la interpretación de los contratos y se muestra que la intención no permite solucionar problemas de vaguedad, aunque sí parece servir para, en ciertos casos, resolver problemas de textura abierta. Sin embargo, en la última sección, se exponen las dificultades que surgen cuando se intenta identificar la intención del autor del texto y que precluyen la posibilidad de que permita resolver concluyentemente los problemas de indeterminación.
¿FUE RICHARD RORTY UN POSITIVISTA JURÍDICO? (A PROPÓSITO DE LA OXFORD AMNESTY RORTY’S LECTUREDE 1993)
Authors: Curcó Cobos Felipe
Published: February 2020

Me propongo comparar el enfoque sobre la normatividad que hallamos en varias de las obras de un filósofo como Rorty, con el modelo metodológico positivista que hallamos en un jurista como Hart. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar cómo ambos casos se alejan de explicaciones simples, basadas, tanto en modelos iusnaturalistas, como en el modelo austiano (que explica la normatividad basándose en nociones exclusivas como "soberano", "imperativo" o hábito de obediencia"). Ambas perspectivas se aproximan a un análisis que ubica el origen de las normas en una perspectiva más plausible y compleja donde se parte, o bien de la idea de "reglas de reconocimiento" que permiten identificar como reglas de un sistema normas que no necesariamente son legisladas (Hart), o bien del análisis de las proposiciones no polémicas que determinan e informan sobre cuáles cosas cuentan como normas y cuáles no al interior de una determinada práctica social etnocéntrica (Rorty).
LA INTERPRETACIÓN CONTEXTUALIZADA DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS: MULTICULTURALISMO, COSMOPOLITISMO Y PLURALISMO DE VALORES
Authors: Álvarez Silvina
Published: February 2020

Tras abordar el análisis del pluralismo de valores y proponer una interpretación de los derechos humanos como valores plurales, la autora se centra en un caso jurisprudencial de conflicto de derechos fundamentales que pone de manifiesto el tipo de problemas jurídicos y morales que el pluralismo presenta. Finalmente, se examinan el multiculturalismo y el cosmopolitismo como modelos filosófico-políticos para la comprensión de las sociedades plurales.
PRECONDICIONES PARA EL ANÁLISIS DEL CONFLICTO ENTRE TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL Y PARLAMENTO
Authors: M. Vilajosana Josep
Published: February 2020

En este trabajo se analizan los límites que subyacen a toda discusión acerca del conflicto entre Tribunal Constitucional y Parlamento. Con este fin, el autor propone que una filosofía política adecuada debe ser capaz de combinar ciertos ideales, que le confieren su carácter normativo, con una adecuación a la realidad, que le da su perfil práctico. En este caso, para adecuarse a la realidad, cualquier teoría de la democracia deberá antes prestar atención a las circunstancias de la jurisdicción (que delimitan aquello que es exigible a un Tribunal Constitucional) y las circunstancias de la política (que suponen la demarcación de lo posible en relación con el Parlamento).
Oproepingsprocessen-verbaal
Authors: Hu-a-ng W.A.M.
Published: February 2020

Oproepingsprocessen-verbaal

Dit artikel gaat over oproepingsprocessen-verbaal en het grote onrecht dat de burger door de overheid aangedaan kan worden indien het model van de oproepingsprocessen-verbaal niet meer overeenkomt met wat dagelijks in de praktijk wordt uitgeschreven. Wet en praktijk sluiten dus niet meer op elkaar aan. Het rechtszekerheidsbeginsel brengt met zich mee dat de burger recht heeft op goede wetgeving maar ook op een juiste toepassing ervan. Mijn conclusie is dat het Wetboek van Strafvordering en het Landsbesluit modelformulieren strafvordering aangepast zouden kunnen worden in verband met de termen ‘formulier’ en ‘modelformulier’.
Multifocal colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis patient
with sclerosing cholangitis – case report
Authors: Kosmowska Anna , Krokowicz Piotr , Nelke Marcin
Published: February 2020

Introduction: U lcerative colitis (CU) is an inflammatory disease predisposing to colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis is more often metachronous or synchronous.
Case report: In this case report we present a patient with multifocal colorectal cancer in the course of CU and operative treatment that was implemented. Additionallyprimary sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed in this patient post-operatively.
The Respective Roles of Intellectual Creativity and Automation in Representing Diversity: Human and Machine Generated Bias
Authors: Broughton Vanda
Published: February 2020

The paper traces the development of the discussion around ethical issues in artificial intelligence, and considers the way in which humans have affected the knowledge bases used in machine learning. The phenomenon of bias or discrimination in machine ethics is seen as inherited from humans, either through the use of biased data or through the semantics inherent in intellectually-built tools sourced by intelligent agents. The kind of biases observed in AI are compared with those identified in the field of knowledge organization, using religious adherents as an example of a community potentially marginalized by bias. A practical demonstration is given of apparent religious prejudice inherited from source material in a large database deployed widely in computational linguistics and automatic indexing. Methods to address the problem of bias are discussed, including the modelling of the moral process on neuroscientific understanding of brain function. The question is posed whether it is possible to model religious belief in a similar way, so that robots of the future may have both an ethical and a religious sense and themselves address the problem of prejudice.
Gläubiger ohne Risiko
Authors: Koa Kenny
Published: February 2020

Credit derivatives can be used by creditors to rid themselves of their debtor’s default risk and act without any economic exposure, thus becoming ‘empty creditors’. This challenges a fundamental principle of insolvency law: the synchronisation of economic and legal ownership. Unlike in the USA, this phenomenon has barely been noticed in Germany so far. This work is the first to attempt to systematically explore the risks posed by empty creditors from the perspective of German insolvency law. The author analyses the mechanisms of the relevant credit derivatives and discusses the legal ways to prevent the risks both de lege lata and de lege ferenda. This book also addresses the fact that the German Insolvency Code itself allows for empty creditors, in particular in the form of creditors with a right to separate satisfaction, which should be subject to the same standards.
Die Gewerbesteuer im internationalen Steuerrecht
Authors: Schumacher Frederik
Published: February 2020

Die Gewerbesteuer fristet in Diskursen des internationalen Steuerrechts häufig ein Schattendasein. Nicht selten ist der Rechtsanwender ratlos, wie grenzüberschreitende unternehmerische Tätigkeiten gewerbesteuerlich zu behandeln sind. Das Werk hilft diesen Defiziten ab.

Aus den Normen der Teilrechtsgebiete kann induktiv auf die sie prägenden Prinzipien geschlossen werden. Ein Vergleich dieser Prinzipien führt zu dem – möglicherweise verblüffenden – Ergebnis, dass das Gewerbesteuerrecht und das internationale Steuerrecht mehr Gemeinsamkeiten als Unterschiede haben.

Darauf aufbauend wird ein eigenständiges Verständnis der Gewerbesteuer entwickelt, das geeignet ist, praktische Rechtsanwendungsprobleme im Spannungsverhältnis von Gewerbesteuer und internationalem Steuerrecht adäquat zu lösen. Dazu gehören insbesondere die gewerbesteuerliche Behandlung finaler Verluste, die Anrechnung ausländischer Steuern auf die Gewerbesteuer und die gewerbesteuerliche Behandlung des Hinzurechnungsbetrags.
Innovative Lebensmittel im europäischen Verwaltungsverfahrensrecht
Authors: Fritzsche Klaus-Christian
Published: February 2020

Die Arbeit stellt die erste umfassende Untersuchung der Novel-Food-Verordnung (EU) 2015/2283 dar, mit der das Inverkehrbringen neuartiger Lebensmittel im europäischen Binnenmarkt geregelt wird. Neuartige Lebensmittel zeugen von der großen Innovationskraft des Lebensmittelsektors, häufig bringen sie aber unbekannte Gesundheitsrisiken mit sich. Unter Anwendung des Vorsorgeprinzips sollen diese Risiken mittels eines zentralen europäischen Zulassungsverfahrens kontrolliert werden. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht deshalb die Frage, ob das allgemeine europäische Verwaltungsverfahrensrecht die Risikokontrolle einerseits und die Innovationsoffenheit der Rechtsordnung andererseits in einen verhältnismäßigen Ausgleich bringen kann. Das Ergebnis ist ambivalent: Zwar bietet das europäische Verwaltungsrecht ausreichend leistungsfähige Strukturen für die Risikokontrolle, jedoch bleibt die Perspektive der Innovationsoffenheit in der Unionsrechtsordnung strukturell unterentwickelt.
Performance Characteristics of a Targeted Sequencing Platform for Simultaneous Detection of Single Nucleotide Variants, Insertions/Deletions, Copy Number Alterations, and Gene Fusions in Cancer Genome
Authors: Park Kyung , Tran Hung , Eng Kenneth W. , Ramazanoglu Sinan , Marrero Rolon Rebecca M. , Scognamiglio Theresa , Borczuk Alain , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Pan Qiulu , Sboner Andrea , Rubin Mark A. , Elemento Olivier , Rennert Hanna , Fernandes Helen , Song Wei
Published: February 2020

Context.—

An increasing number of molecular laboratories are implementing next-generation sequencing platforms to identify clinically actionable and relevant genomic alterations for precision oncology.

Objective.—

To describe the validation studies as per New York State–Department of Health (NYS-DOH) guidelines for the Oncomine Comprehensive Panel v2, which was originally tailored to the National Cancer Institute Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (NCI-MATCH) trial.

Design.—

Accuracy, precision, and reproducibility were investigated by using 130 DNA and 18 RNA samples from cytology cell blocks; formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues; and frozen samples. Analytic sensitivity and specificity were tested by using ATCC and HapMap cell lines.

Results.—

High accuracy and precision/reproducibility were observed for single nucleotide variants and insertion/deletions. We also share our experience in the detection of gene fusions and copy number alterations from an amplicon-based sequencing platform. After sequencing analysis, variant annotation and report generation were performed by using the institutional knowledgebase.

Conclusions.—

This study serves as an example for validating a comprehensive targeted next-generation sequencing assay with both DNASeq and RNASeq components for NYS-DOH.
The Development of the Digital Identification Instrument for Children with Learning Disabilities using Decision Support System (DSS)
Authors: Rejeki Dewi Sri , Supratiwi Mahardika , Subagya Subagya , Kumalasari Erma
Published: February 2020

The study is a part of research and development which aims at developing Decision Support System-based (DSS) digital identification instrument for children with learning disabilities. The first-year study consists of three stages: (a) the need analysis of the instrument, (b) the development of instrument prototypes, and (c) the validation of the digital identification instrument.
The study was conducted in Surakarta, particularly in 20 special schools located in 7 regencies and cities and selected using purposive sampling. In the first stage, data were collected using a close-ended questionnaire from 32 respondents comprising principals and teachers. Meanwhile, the second stage use of a web-based digital application development technique. The identification instrument was then validated through expert judgment using focus group discussion (FGD) technique involving information and technology (IT) experts, special education experts, principals, and teachers of children with learning disabilities.
The instrument prototypes were subsequently revised and limited empirical tryout, and then analyzed using statistical tests. The results indicate that 97% of the respondents require the development of a digital identification instrument for children with learning disabilities. The study has successfully developed digital identification instrument prototypes for children with learning disabilities. All items of the DSS-based instrument have met the required criteria of validity: r-table with the number of subjects of 32, a significance level of 5% (0.361), and greater r-count compared to r-table (0.361). The reliability tests demonstrate Cronbach's alpha of 0.875. It's proved that 13 items of the instrument have a sufficient level of reliability.
ИНДИВИДУАЛИТЕТ УЧЕНИКА КРОЗ ЛИКОВНУ КОНСТЕЛАЦИЈУ ИСПОЉЕН У ЛИКОВНИМ СЕКЦИЈАМА И КЛУБОВИМА
Authors: Тошић Милица
Published: February 2020

Настава има задатак да васпита и образује ученике, развија осјећај према друштву и преноси знања и искуства претходних генерација. На тај начин се ученици припремају за живот тако што у току пколовања стичи потребна знања и вјештине. Настава ликовне културе је важна како би се развијао естетски доживљај свијета, машта и емоције. На тај начин развијамо код ученика осјећај за лијепо, хармонично али и шта је то друштвено прихватљиво. Путем наставе ликовне културе ученик треба да усвоји знања о свим потребним начинима како да ствара хармонично друштво али и да га одржава. Како за циљ имамо стварање хуманог друштва у којем се поштују индивидуалне разлике појединца, тако је и настава ликовне културе веома важан фактор у развоју и васпитању тих особина како би се ученик развијао у зрелу личност која ће својим дјеловањем утицати да се међуљудски односи у једном друштву хумано развијају. Како би развој ученика био потпунм осим учења језика, математике, историје и других наука, веома важно је научити га да машта, уочава специфичности природе и свијета и да своје мишљење изражава слободно путем ликовног стваралаштва организованог у настави. Свако дијете изражава ликовним материјалима одређене ставове и тренутна знања о свијету.
Looking below the surface in plants
Authors: Wang Rui , Dobritsa Anna A
Published: February 2020

A new way to culture and image flowers is uncovering the processes that take place in reproductive cells buried deep in plants.
A technique to generate synthetic CT from MRI for abdominal radiotherapy
Authors: Hsu Shu‐Hui , DuPre Pamela , Peng Qi , Tomé Wolfgang A.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To investigate a method to classify tissues types for synthetic CT generation using MRI for treatment planning in abdominal radiotherapy.

Methods

An institutional review board approved volunteer study was performed on a 3T MRI scanner. In‐phase, fat and water images were acquired for five volunteers with breath‐hold using an mDixon pulse sequence. A method to classify different tissue types for synthetic CT generation in the abdomen was developed. Three tissue clusters (fat, high‐density tissue, and spine/air/lungs) were generated using a fuzzy‐c means clustering algorithm. The third cluster was further segmented into three sub‐clusters that represented spine, air, and lungs. Therefore, five segments were automatically generated. To evaluate segmentation accuracy using the method, the five segments were manually contoured on MRI images as the ground truth, and the volume ratio, Dice coefficient, and Hausdorff distance metric were calculated. The dosimetric effect of segmentation accuracy was evaluated on simulated targets close to air, lungs, and spine using a two‐arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique.

Results

The volume ratio of auto‐segmentation to manual segmentation was 0.88–2.1 for the air segment and 0.72–1.13 for the remaining segments. The range of the Dice coefficient was 0.24–0.83, 0.84–0.93, 0.94–0.98, 0.93–0.96, and 0.76–0.79 for air, fat, lungs, high‐density tissue, and spine, respectively. The range of the mean Hausdorff distance was 3–29.1 mm, 0.5–1.3 mm, 0.4–1 mm, 0.7–1.6 mm, and 1.2–1.4 mm for air, fat, lungs, high‐density tissue, and spine, respectively. Despite worse segmentation accuracy in air and spine, the dosimetric effect was 0.2% ± 0.2%, with a maximum difference of 0.8% for all target locations.

Conclusion

A method to generate synthetic CT in the abdomen was developed, and segmentation accuracy and its dosimetric effect were evaluated. Our results demonstrate the potential of using MRI alone for treatment planning in the abdomen.
Electrical Conductivity Gradient Based on Heterofibrous Scaffolds for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Hong Sang‐Ho , Jung Dae‐Han , Kim Jung‐Hwan , Lee Yong‐Hyeok , Cho Sung‐Ju , Joo Sang Hoon , Lee Hyun‐Wook , Lee Ki‐Suk , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: February 2020

The inability to guide the nucleation locations of electrochemically deposited Li has long been considered the main factor limiting the utilization of high‐energy‐density Li‐metal batteries. In this study, an electrical conductivity gradient interfacial host comprising 1D high conductivity copper nanowires and nanocellulose insulating layers is used in stable Li‐metal anodes. The conductivity gradient system guides the nucleation sites of Li‐metal to be directed during electrochemical plating. Additionally, the controlled parameter of the intermediate layer affects the highly stable Li‐metal plating. The electrochemical behavior is confirmed through experiments associated with the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation data. The distributed Li‐ion reaction flux resulting from the controlled electrical conductivity enables stable cycling for more than 250 cycles at 1 mA cm−2. The gradient system effectively suppresses dendrite growth even at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2 and ensures Li plating and stripping with ultra‐long‐term stability. To demonstrate the high‐energy‐density full‐cell application of the developed anode, it is paired with the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode. The cells demonstrate a high capacity retention of 90% with an extremely high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% over 100 cycles. These results shed light on the formidable challenges involved in exploiting the engineering aspects of high‐energy‐density Li‐metal batteries.
Interface Engineering by Thiazolium Iodide Passivation Towards Reduced Thermal Diffusion and Performance Improvement in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Salado Manuel , Andresini Michael , Huang Peng , Khan Mohd Taukeer , Ciriaco Fulvio , Kazim Samrana , Ahmad Shahzada
Published: February 2020

Interface engineering has become one of the most facile and effective approaches to improve solar cells performance and its long‐term stability and to retard unwanted side reactions. Three passivating agents are developed which can functionalize the surface and induce hydrophobicity, by employing substituted thiazolium iodide (TMI) for perovskite solar cells fabrication. The role of TMI interfacial layers in microstructure and electro‐optical properties is assessed for structural as well as transient absorption measurements. TMI treatment resulted in VOC and fill factor enhancement by reducing possible recombination paths at the perovskite/hole selective interface and by reducing the shallow as well as deep traps. These in turn allow to achieve higher performance as compared to the pristine surface. Additionally, the TMI passivated perovskite layer considerably reduces CH3NH3+ thermal diffusion and degradation induced by humidity. The un‐encapsulated perovskite solar cells employing TMI exhibit a remarkable stability under moisture levels (≈50% RH), retaining ≈95% of the initial photon current efficiency after 800 h of fabrication, paving the way towards a potential scalable endeavor.
Draining Over Blocking: Nano‐Composite Janus Separators for Mitigating Internal Shorting of Lithium Batteries
Authors: Gonzalez Matthew S. , Yan Qizhang , Holoubek John , Wu Zhaohui , Zhou Hongyao , Patterson Nicholas , Petrova Victoria , Liu Haodong , Liu Ping
Published: February 2020

Catastrophic battery failure due to internal short is extremely difficult to detect and mitigate. In order to enable the next‐generation lithium‐metal batteries, a “fail safe” mechanism for internal short is highly desirable. Here, a novel separator design and approach is introduced to mitigate the effects of an internal short circuit by limiting the self‐discharge current to prevent cell temperature rise. A nano‐composite Janus separator—with a fully electronically insulating side contacting the anode and a partially electronically conductive (PEC) coating with tunable conductivity contacting the cathode—is implemented to intercept dendrites, control internal short circuit resistance, and slowly drain cell capacity. Galvanostatic cycling experiments demonstrate Li‐metal batteries with the Janus separator perform normally before shorting, which then results in a gradual increase of internal self‐discharge over >25 cycles due to PEC‐mitigated shorting. This is contrasted by a sudden voltage drop and complete failure seen with a single layer separator. Potentiostatic charging abuse tests of Li‐metal pouch cells result in dendrites completely penetrating the single‐layer separator causing high short circuit current and large cell temperature increase; conversely, negligible current and temperature rise occurs with the Janus separator where post mortem electron microscopy shows the PEC layer successfully intercepts dendrites.
Hierarchical Micro/Mesoporous Copper Structure with Enhanced Antimicrobial Property via Laser Surface Texturing
Authors: Selvamani Vidhya , Zareei Amin , Elkashif Ahmed , Maruthamuthu Murali Kannan , Chittiboyina Shirisha , Delisi Davide , Li Zheng , Cai Lirong , Pol Vilas G. , Seleem Mohamed N. , Rahimi Rahim
Published: February 2020

Copper (Cu) and its alloys have been shown to eradicate a wide range of multidrug‐resistant microbes upon direct contact. In this study, a facile one‐step laser texturing (LT) process is demonstrated to effectively enhance the bactericidal properties of copper surfaces via concurrent selective modification of surface topography and chemistry of laser textured copper (LT‐Cu). Surface morphology and elemental composition are analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy. Surface area and pore size of LT‐Cu is determined by Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. It reveals direct formation of mesoporous structures with higher surface oxide (Cu2O and CuO), which provide a highly stable superhydrophilic property to the LT‐Cu surfaces. The antibacterial properties of LT‐Cu are tested against pathogenic bacterial strains with different concentrations including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA USA300) at 105 CFU mL−1, and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at high bacterial concentrations of 108 CFU mL−1 using standard contact killing tests. The analysis shows that LT‐Cu needs 40, 90, 60, and 120 min to completely eradicate the respective bacterial strain. The LT‐Cu causes membrane damage to the bacterial cells immediately after exposure. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of LT‐Cu is investigated by in vitro immune‐staining assays with mammary stromal fibroblasts and T4‐2 cells.
Building High‐Rate Nickel‐Rich Cathodes by Self‐Organization of Structurally Stable Macrovoid
Authors: Kalluri Sujith , Cha Hyungyeon , Kim Junhyeok , Lee Hyomyung , Jang Haeseong , Cho Jaephil
Published: February 2020

Nickel‐rich materials, as a front‐running cathode for lithium‐ion batteries suffer from inherent degradation issues such as inter/intragranular cracks and phase transition under the high‐current density condition. Although vigorous efforts have mitigated these current issues, the practical applications are not successfully achieved due to the material instability and complex synthesis process. Herein, a structurally stable, macrovoid‐containing, nickel‐rich material is developed using an affordable, scalable, and one‐pot coprecipitation method without using surfactants/etching agents/complex‐ion forming agents. The strategically developed macrovoid‐induced cathode via a self‐organization process exhibits excellent full‐cell rate capability, cycle life at discharge rate of 5 C, and structural stability even at the industrial electrode conditions, owing to the fast Li‐ion diffusion, the internal macrovoid acting as “buffer zones” for stress relief, and highly stable nanostructure around the void during cycling. This strategy for nickel‐rich cathodes can be viable for industries in the preparation of high‐performance lithium‐ion cells.
ImmuCellAI: A Unique Method for Comprehensive T‐Cell Subsets Abundance Prediction and its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Miao Ya‐Ru , Zhang Qiong , Lei Qian , Luo Mei , Xie Gui‐Yan , Wang Hongxiang , Guo An‐Yuan
Published: February 2020

The distribution and abundance of immune cells, particularly T‐cell subsets, play pivotal roles in cancer immunology and therapy. T cells have many subsets with specific function and current methods are limited in estimating them, thus, a method for predicting comprehensive T‐cell subsets is urgently needed in cancer immunology research. Here, Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuCellAI), a gene set signature‐based method, is introduced for precisely estimating the abundance of 24 immune cell types including 18 T‐cell subsets, from gene expression data. Performance evaluation on both the sequencing data with flow cytometry results and public expression data indicate that ImmuCellAI can estimate the abundance of immune cells with superior accuracy to other methods especially on many T‐cell subsets. Application of ImmuCellAI to immunotherapy datasets reveals that the abundance of dendritic cells, cytotoxic T, and gamma delta T cells is significantly higher both in comparisons of on‐treatment versus pre‐treatment and responders versus non‐responders. Meanwhile, an ImmuCellAI result‐based model is built for predicting the immunotherapy response with high accuracy (area under curve 0.80–0.91). These results demonstrate the powerful and unique function of ImmuCellAI in tumor immune infiltration estimation and immunotherapy response prediction.
Can Internet Surveys Mimic Food Insecurity Rates Published by the US Government?
Authors: Ahn Sunjin , Smith Travis A. , Norwood F. Bailey
Published: February 2020

Food insecurity in the US is measured by the US government using a true probability sample of US citizens. While ideal, some researchers may consider cheaper opt‐in internet surveys. This study measures food insecurity rates using three opt‐in internet surveys and compares the measured rates to those reported by the US government. When sample balancing and the screening procedure employed by the US government is used, the internet survey overstates the percent of food insecure households by 9–14%. However, if one assumes all households with incomes above 185% of the poverty line are food secure, rates are closer to the US government estimates.
Stacked crop rotations and cultural practices for canola and flax yield and quality
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Lenssen Andrew W. , Allen Brett L. , Jabro Jalal D. , Stevens William B.
Published: February 2020

Canola (Brassica napus L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) are important oilseed crops, but improved management practices to enhance their yields and quality are needed. We studied the effect of stacked versus alternate‐year crop rotations and traditional versus improved cultural practices on canola and flax growth, seed yield, oil concentration, and N‐use efficiency from 2006 to 2011 in the northern Great Plains, USA. Stacked rotations were durum (Triticum turgidum L.)‐durum‐canola‐pea (Pisum sativum L.) (DDCP) and durum‐durum‐flax‐pea (DDFP). Alternate‐year rotations were durum‐canola‐durum‐pea (DCDP) and durum‐flax‐durum‐pea (DFDP). The traditional cultural practice included a combination of conventional tillage, recommended seed rate, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height. The improved cultural practice included a combination of no‐tillage, increased seed rate, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height. Canola stand count was 36–123% greater with the improved than the traditional cultural practice in 2006, 2009, 2010, and 2011. Canola pod number and oil concentration were 3–36% greater in the improved than the traditional practice in 2007 and 2010, but trends reversed by 5–19% in 2008. Flax stand count was 28% greater with DFDP than DDFP in 2007 and 56% greater in the improved than the traditional practice in 2010. Flax pod number, seed weight, seed yield, N content, N‐use efficiency, and N‐removal index varied with crop rotations, cultural practices, and years. Canola growth and oil concentration increased with the improved cultural practice as well as flax growth, yield, and quality enhanced with alternate‐year crop rotation and the improved cultural practice in wet years.
Predicting sporadic Alzheimer's disease progression via inherited Alzheimer's disease‐informed machine‐learning
Authors: Franzmeier Nicolai , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Benzinger Tammie , Goate Alison , Karch Celeste M. , Fagan Anne M. , McDade Eric , Duering Marco , Dichgans Martin , Levin Johannes , Gordon Brian A. , Lim Yen Ying , Masters Colin L. , Rossor Martin , Fox Nick C. , O'Connor Antoinette , Chhatwal Jasmeer , Salloway Stephen , Danek Adrian , Hassenstab Jason , Schofield Peter R. , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. ,   the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI),   the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), Ewers Michael
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Developing cross‐validated multi‐biomarker models for the prediction of the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a critical yet unmet clinical challenge.

Methods

We applied support vector regression to AD biomarkers derived from cerebrospinal fluid, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid‐PET and fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography (FDG‐PET) to predict rates of cognitive decline. Prediction models were trained in autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD, n = 121) and subsequently cross‐validated in sporadic prodromal AD (n = 216). The sample size needed to detect treatment effects when using model‐based risk enrichment was estimated.

Results

A model combining all biomarker modalities and established in ADAD predicted the 4‐year rate of decline in global cognition (R2 = 24%) and memory (R2 = 25%) in sporadic AD. Model‐based risk‐enrichment reduced the sample size required for detecting simulated intervention effects by 50%–75%.

Discussion

Our independently validated machine‐learning model predicted cognitive decline in sporadic prodromal AD and may substantially reduce sample size needed in clinical trials in AD.
Biosynthetically Inspired Syntheses of Secu′amamine A and Fluvirosaones A and B
Authors: Lee Sanghyeon , Kang Gyumin , Chung Garam , Kim Dongwook , Lee Hee‐Yoon , Han Sunkyu
Published: February 2020

Presented here is a concise synthesis of secu′amamine A, and fluvirosaones A and B from readily available allosecurinine and viroallosecurinine. The key C2‐enamine derivative of (viro)allosecurinine, the presumed biosynthetic precursors of these natural products, was accessed, for the first time, by a VO(acac)2‐mediated regioselective Polonovski reaction. Formal hydration and 1,2‐amine shift of this pluripotent enamine compound afforded secu′amamine A. Formal oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between this enamine and TMS‐substituted methallyl iodide reagent paved the way to the precursors of fluvirosaones A and B. The relative stereochemistry at the C2 position of these advanced intermediates governs the fate of 1,2‐amine shift leading to fluvirosaones A and B. The syntheses of potential biosynthetic precursors and investigations of their chemical reactivities have provided insights regarding the biogenesis of these natural products.
Supramolecular Photocatalysis by Utilizing the Host–Guest Charge‐Transfer Interaction: Visible‐Light‐Induced Generation of Triplet Anthracenes for [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Uchikura Tatsuhiro , Oshima Mari , Kawasaki Minami , Takahashi Kohei , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: February 2020

Supramolecular photocatalysis via charge‐transfer excitation of a host–guest complex was developed by use of the macrocyclic boronic ester [2+2]BTH‐F containing highly electron‐deficient difluorobenzothiadiazole moieties. In the presence of a catalytic amount of [2+2]BTH‐F, the triplet excited state of anthracene was generated from the charge‐transfer excited state of anthracene@[2+2]BTH‐F by visible‐light irradiation, and cycloaddition of the excited anthracene with several dienes and alkenes proceeded in a [4+2] manner in high yields.