bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bukharian Jews and Tobolsk Bukharians on the territory of the south of Western Siberia and the Kazakh steppe in the 17th – 19th centuries: adaptive practices of avoiding conflicts in the merchant environment
Authors: Karabulatova Irina , Shabambayeva Anara , Nikitin Maxim , Rezuanova Galiyapanu , Syzdykova Gulnar
Published: April 2024

The authors consider the processes of settlement of Bukharian Jews in the Tobolsk province and their role in the formation of the Tobolsk Bukharians of the south of Western Siberia. The material is of particular interest for understanding the history and analytical interpretation of the processes of resettlement and adaptation in a non-ethnic and confessional environment. The role of Bukharian Jews in the formation of a subethnic group - the Tobolsk Bukharians, who stand apart among the Siberian Tatars, is noted. The authors believe that the confessional identity of Bukhara Jews was transformed under the influence of local Siberian Tatars and Kazakhs, strengthening the Muslim component as a marker of belonging to the Turkic world.
“Effect Autoblogging Using AI”: An Analysis of Marketing Automation Use of Low- and No-Code Tools
Authors: Froolik Alderd J.
Published: April 2024

In a changing world, labor is one of the most challenging factors. Many businesses struggle to find and to keep dedicated staff to fulfill daily tasks. Within the marketing department is the solution of automating daily tasks. However, not much is known about the effect of automation at scale. In this paper, the effect of marketing automation by using low- and no-code tools combined with AI at scale is brought to the surface. Automations are not only time-saving but are scalable, too, growing into surprising results by creating a cohesive marketing technology stack that operates seamlessly together without increasing labor.
The Electoral Politics of Immigration and Crime
Authors: Alizade Jeyhun
Published: April 2024

Concern that immigration worsens crime problems is prevalent across Western publics. How does it shape electoral politics? Prior research asserted a growing left-right divide in immigration attitudes and voting behavior due to educational realignment. In contrast, I argue that leftist voters are more conservative on immigrant crime than leftist parties, which can drive highly-educated progressives (so-called `cosmopolitans') to right-wing parties. I demonstrate this voter-party mismatch using survey data from 14 Western European countries linked with expert ratings of party positions. A panel survey from Germany further shows that concern about immigrant crime increases vote intention for the center right among voters of the Greens – the party of leftist cosmopolitans. A conjoint experiment among German voters replicates this defection effect and shows that it persists even if the center right stigmatizes immigrants or adopts conservative socio-cultural issue positions. Repercussions of immigration can in fact drive leftist cosmopolitans to the right.
AI-Assisted Innovations on the Set of All Sets and the Continuum Hypothesis
Authors: Kamarei Arzhang
Published: April 2024

This paper represents a human-AI collaboration to produce a self-referential logic and meta-mathematics. Proofs and formal arguments are presented on the following within naïve set theory: (1) resolution of Russell’s Paradox; (2) resolution of Cantor’s Paradox; (3) resolution of the Burali-Forti Paradox; (4) creation of the set of all sets (SOAS) and a self-referential, self-ordinalizing set of all ordinals (SOAS); and (5) bijection of the SOAS and SOAO. Additionally, within such a SOAS-SOAO, proofs and formal arguments are presented for the following: (6) bijection of ordinals and cardinals; (7) the well-ordering of the reals without the Axiom of Choice; (8) construction of the uncountable ordinals; (9) derivation of the natural numbers; (10) proof of Peano Arithmetic; (11) proof that the Continuum Hypothesis and Generalized Continuum Hypothesis are true; (12) proof of the consistency of Gödel’s Universe L and the SOAS-SOAO; (13) proof of a constructivist version of the Axiom of Choice; (14) resolution of the Banach-Tarski Paradox; (15) resolution of Vitali sets; (16) resolution of the Hausdorff Paradox; (17) resolution of Tarski’s circle-squaring problem; (18) resolution of non-measurable functions; (19) proof of the Jordan Curve Theorem; (20) proof of the Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem; and (21) proof of the Borsuk-Ulam Theorem. There is also discussion about (a) the idea that V implies or can derive L, and (b) the SOAS-SOAO’s consistency with regards to large cardinals, transfinite cardinal arithmetic, and Grothendieck universes, given SOAS-SOAO’s consistency with Gödel’s L. The findings above are all consistent with naïve set theory, classical logic, and each other. The main enabling factor for the findings above is the resolution of self-referential logics via replacement of unary negation with cardinality logic at both the propositional logic level and in meta-logical syntactic architecture. The work is part of a much larger series of AI-assisted findings in self-referential logic and mathematics. The entire paper is LLM readable.
Leveraging Eye-Tracking Technology to Understand How Young Children Solve a Mental Rotation Task
Authors: Rodriguez Karinna , Ralph Yvonne , De La Rosa Isabela , Pinto Oriana , Rey Claudia , Pruden Shannon M.
Published: April 2024

Relying on self-report to understand how children solve cognitive tasks has limitations, particularly with young children. Recent advances in eye-tracking technology allow researchers to leverage this tool to measure young children’s strategies for solving cognitive tasks. The current study focuses on young children’s mental rotation ability given its reported links to academic achievement in science, mathematics, and language arts. We explore the cognitive strategies employed by 3- to 7-year-olds using eye-tracking when they are solving mental rotation tasks. Prior literature shows participants use two types of cognitive strategies, holistic and piecemeal. Holistic involves the rotation of an object as a single entity, and piecemeal, entails the rotation of an object by its individual components. Our final sample consisted of 148 three- to seven-year-old children (68 girls) from the Frost Science Museum in Miami, Florida. Participants completed a mental rotation task while having an eye-tracker record their eye-movements. By using this data driven approach we identified how young children solve these tasks. Specifically, latent profile analysis using eye-tracking data revealed two distinct classes among the participants. Class 1, employing a holistic strategy, exhibited fewer visit and fixation counts and shorter visit durations. Class 2, employing a piecemeal strategy, demonstrated more visit and fixation counts along with greater visit durations. These findings show value in optimizing eye-tracking technological advances to understand children’s cognition and the efficacy of eye-tracking data in identifying how children approach and solve a mental rotation task.
Digitising sandbox experiments using open-source Structure-from-Motion/photogrammetry/Digital Image Correlation package MicMac
Authors: Galland Olivier , Girod Luc , Greiner Sonja , Souloumiac Pauline , Guldstrand Frank , Bertelsen Håvard , Yagupski Daniel
Published: April 2024

Structure-from-Motion and photogrammetry have been implemented in sandbox models to monitor deformation of their surface. Various software packages are available, either open-source of commercial. Some commercial packages are intuitive press-button equipment; these can be very practical to use, but they can be very expensive and unaffordable for most academic laboratories. Another option is open-source alternatives, such as MicMac. MicMac is a versatile open-source package that includes, among others, Structure-from-Motion, photogrammetry and Digital Image Correlation. It has been for various purposes, including geosciences, architecture and biophysics . MicMac has been successfully applied to monitor surface deformation in sandbox models. However, the use of MicMac is not user-friendly, and the steep learning curve of how to use it, and even to install it, can make it repellent for geoscientists that are less familiar with computers and command-line based programs. To overcome this, we provide in this paper a detailed workflow to install and use MicMac as a very effective tool to monitor and digitise surfaces of deforming sandbox models. We will describe how to (1) calibrate synchronized cameras and improve model surfaces for optimal results, (2) install and run MicMac in various OS, and (3) load and plot maps of the digital data (topography, displacements, divergence, shear strain) using Matlab scripts.
BLiMP-NL: A corpus of Dutch minimal pairs and acceptability judgements for language model evaluation
Authors: Suijkerbuijk Michelle , Prins Zoë , de Heer Kloots Marianne , Zuidema Jelle , Frank Stefan L.
Published: April 2024

We present a corpus of 8400 Dutch sentence pairs, intended for the grammatical evaluation of language models. Each pair consists of a grammatical sentence and a minimally different ungrammatical sentence. The corpus covers 84 paradigms, classified into 22 syntactic phenomena. Nine sentences of each paradigm are rated for acceptability by at least 30 participants each, and for the same 9 sentences reading times are recorded per word, through self-paced reading. Ten of the sentence-pairs were created by hand, while the remaining ninety were generated semi-automatically and manually validated afterwards. Here, we report on the construction of the dataset, the measured acceptability ratings and reading times, as well as the extent to which a variety of language models can be used to predict both the ground-truth grammaticality and human acceptability ratings.
Cohort Profile: A study of intergenerational risk and resilience after war and forced displacement
Authors: Wuermli Alice , Hiott Caroline , Ugarte Elisa , Rahman Sajjadur , Elahi Mahbub , Rahim AK , Ahmed Shakil , Roy Bharati , Akhter Reza Mostary , Hossain Eamam , Michael Duja , Ayrin Tasnim Kabir , Hasneen Subah , Bin Alam Rayhan , Ratul Tarikul Islam , Abu Horaira  , Gladstone Melissa , Raqib Rubhana , Hamadani Jena , Sanin Kazi Istiaque , Hastings Paul , Tofail Fahmida
Published: April 2024

This cohort profile paper describes a large longitudinal prenatal birth cohort study with Rohingya refugee and host communities in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Over the course of 12 months, this study recruited 2889 pregnant women, a subsample of husbands (N=853), and, where present, an existing child aged 36 to 60 months (Early Years cohort / EY; n=527). At the time of writing this paper, 1967 women had had a live birth (Prenatal Cohort / PN; target child). This study started as part of a set of activities conducted under the LEGO Foundation funded Play to Learn initiative aimed at building the evidence base on early childhood development in humanitarian settings. To our knowledge, it is the first ever longitudinal cohort study starting prenatally with a forcibly displaced population residing in a low- or middle-income country (LMIC). This paper provides details on the study design and protocol, and reports on data from the completed recruitment wave.
Negative modality in Hausa, Thai and Kîîtharaka
Authors: Mucha Anne , Engels James , Whibley Fred , Uegaki Wataru
Published: April 2024

This paper presents, to our knowledge, the first attempt to describe crosslinguistic variation in the lexicalization of impossibility modals. We present novel data on the expression of negative modality, i.e. non-necessity (¬□ p) and impossibility (¬♢ p). Our data suggest that in several typologically unrelated languages, negative modality generally involves separate, overt expression of negation and a modal in any force/flavor combination except deontic impossibility (≈ prohibition). We illustrate this pattern in Hausa, Thai and Kîîtharaka, propose a (somewhat tentative) semantic analysis of deontic impossibility in these languages, and briefly outline how our observations may be captured in terms of optimization of the informativeness/complexity trade-off (see e.g. Kemp et al. 2018; Steinert-Threlkeld 2019; Uegaki 2022).
Cu sil Denture for Rehabilitation of Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Maharjan S , Basnet BB , Parajuli PK , Suwal P , Luitel A
Published: April 2024

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is an inherited disorder of ectoderm that results in aberrant development of tissues of ectodermal origin, namely skin, hair, nail, eccrine glands, and teeth. They present with missing teeth, sparse scalp hair, hyperpyrexia related to intolerance to heat.
Patients suffering from ED can lead normal life as it does not affect intelligence. But being bald and edentulous at any stage of life lowers the confidence of a person. Young children and adolescents go through the harsher scenario.
As this disorder manifests in infancy, prosthetic rehabilitation for missing and crooked teeth not only helps in, mastication, speech articulation, social acceptance and self-confidence.
This case report includes prosthetic rehabilitation of a 16-years-old male with ectodermal dysplasia with a complete denture on the lower arch and cu sil denture on the upper arch.
Dream and Archetype: The Perpetuation of Rituals and Myth Enacted in Sparsha
Authors: Senehang Dipankar
Published: April 2024

Myths, rituals, and dreams have been common traits of human beings; the underlying structure that underpins the interconnection between them and their inexplicable meanings coherently conjoined within has been a part of investigation. Accordingly, this paper analyzes dreams and archetypes for the formation of rituals in Nabin Chauhan-directed short movie Sparsha in the light of Carl Gustav Jung’s notion of ‘archetype’ and ‘collective unconsciousness’ and Joseph Campbell's understanding of myth. Sparsha presents a contestatory story of father and son because of divergent opinions regarding performing rituals. However, Aarohang, the son, ultimately observes rituals reconciling the discrepancies and difficulties. Against this backdrop, this paper argues that archetype necessitates performing a recursive pattern of behavior that becomes a ritual of a particular group of people, which is an enactment of a myth. In other words, Sparsha represents the conglomeration of archetypes and myths that unconsciously function in dreams, paving the way for observing the myths in the form of rituals. The paper discloses ritual has a long psychological trial deeply rooted in human instinct, conditioned by unconscious force and dream manifestation, and grilled by mythological narratives. This connection is the primary source that fuels the mechanism that perpetuates the domain of rituals thereby clinging to mythology.
Two Letters from B.P. Grenfell to C.T. Currelly in the Royal Ontario Museum Archive: New Evidence for the Acquisition of Egyptian Antiquities in Canada
Authors: Fewster Gregory
Published: April 2024

This article presents and comments upon two unpublished letters, presently housed at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), written by B.P. Grenfell in Oxyrhynchus to his Egypt Exploration Fund (EEF) colleague C.T. Currelly. Though brief, the letters provide valuable insights into matters pertaining to the activities of the EEF at the turn of the twentieth century, including the social relationships between various EEF excavators and how such relationships contributed to the movement of artifacts out of Egypt in general and irregularities in the practice of artifact distribution in particular. They also offer new details about the various means by which Currelly was acquiring Egyptian artifacts at a formative time for what would become Canada's foremost archaeological museum, the ROM.
Artificial Intelligence in Academic Translation: A Comparative Study of Large Language Models and Google Translate
Authors: Mohsen Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Purpose. The advent of Large Language Model (LLM), a generative artificial intelligence (AI) model, in November 2022 has had a profound impact on various domains, including the field of translation studies. This motivated this study to conduct a rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness and precision of machine translation, represented by Google Translate (GT), in comparison to Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT 3.5 and 4, when translating academic abstracts bidirectionally between English and Arabic.
Methods. Employing a mixed-design approach, this study utilizes a corpus comprising 20 abstracts sourced from peer-reviewed journals indexed in the Clarivate Web of Science, specifically the Journal of Arabic Literature and Al-Istihlal Journal. The abstracts are equally divided to represent both English-Arabic and Arabic-English translation directionality. The study’s design is rooted in a comprehensive evaluation rubric adapted from Hurtado Albir and Taylor (2015), focusing on semantic integrity, syntactic coherence, and technical adequacy. Three independent raters carried out assessments of the translation outputs generated by both GT and LLM models.
Results. Results from quantitative and qualitative analyses indicated that LLM tools significantly outperformed MT outputs in both Arabic and English translation directions. Additionally, ChatGPT 4 demonstrated a significant advantage over ChatGPT 3.5 in Arabic-English translation, while no statistically significant difference was observed in the English-Arabic translation directionality. Qualitative analysis findings indicated that AI tools exhibited the capacity to comprehend contextual nuances, recognize city names, and adapt to the target language's style. Conversely, GT displayed limitations in handling specific contextual aspects and often provided literal translations for certain terms.
Assessment of carbon emissions due to landscape fires in Ukraine during war in 2022
Authors: Zibtsev Sergiy , Pasternak Volodymyr , Vasylyshyn Roman , Myroniuk Viktor , Sydorenko Serhii , Soshenskyi Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

The russian military aggression and the related socio-economic and environmental consequences have significantly affected the climate and production of ecosystem services through damage to forests, ecosystems, landscape fires and emissions of gases into the atmosphere. The study aims to estimate carbon dioxide emissions due to landscape fires in Ukraine during the year 2022. The OroraTech wildfire monitoring technology was used to detect fires, while perimeters of burned areas were delineated with Sentinel 2 time series. The Copernicus Dynamic Land Cover map was used to extract burned land covers. Emissions were calculated based on the intensity of fires (dNBR) with the share of burned biomass in different types of land cover. Biomass models were selected considering the dominant tree species within a specific region and the species structure of the sown areas of croplands. The volume of biomass losses was estimated as a result of fires of different severities. It was estimated that during in 2022, landscape fires burned 749.5 thousand hectares thereof: croplands – 419.1 thousand hectares; other natural vegetation – 273.8 thousand hectares; conifer forests – 31.1 thousand hectares; other forests – 25.5 thousand hectares. The impact of the war on landscape fires is confirmed by the large proportion of fires in the 60-kilometre buffer zone along the frontline – 68.9% of the total area of fire. Among all fires, 42.5% of fires occurred in the occupied territory. Total CO2 emissions from all types of landscape fires reached 5.20 million tons and other greenhouse gases – 0.28 million tons. It is the first detailed mapping of landscape fires with an analysis of each polygon for the whole territory of Ukraine. The results provide important information for assessing the loss of ecosystem services and estimating carbon dioxide emissions as well as for confirming the impact of hostilities on landscape fires
Impact of fintech on the Pakistani banking sector
Authors: Ahmed Mujtaba , Kumar Anand , Talha Muhammad , Akram Zuhaib , Arif Kashif
Published: April 2024

In the early stages, Fintech was introduced in the banking sector in Pakistan, and it enhanced banking activities from traditional to digital. Fintech is the fusion of two terminologies, Finance and Technology. It includes the use of technological advancement to deliver financial products and services to people. This research aims to investigate and analyze the impact of Fintech adoption on the competitiveness and performance of the Pakistani banking sector. The research is based on quantitative methods and analyzed using SPSS software; we used the convenience sampling method to collect responses from 90 participants. This study uses a regression analysis model as a benchmark to analyze the data received from the questionnaire. The results suggest that Fintech adoption had a significant positive impact on the competitiveness and performance of the Pakistani banking sector. Adopting Fintech properly and lining up with technology can also improve the performance of a bank. This study allows for a more in-depth understanding of the impact of FinTech on banks.
Emotional intelligence and job performance: A study of public sector management schools in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Taimur , Abdullah Muhammad Tanweer
Published: April 2024

In today’s dynamic world, higher education plays a vital role in the development of societies and in the socio-economic development of countries. In this context, many developed nations invest in the development of teaching faculty in the universities by improving their emotional intelligence and job performance. This research intends to construct a model for investigating the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and its key dimensions and job performance in public sector management schools of Pakistan. In Pakistan, there are 77 management schools with 1247 regular employees. The proposed model has one primary and four secondary hypotheses. In this proposed model, stratified random sample is employed. The teaching faculty is divided into 4 strata: professor, associate professor, assistant professor and lecturer. Data was collected from 305 randomly selected respondents from the target population through personally administered and officially emailed questionnaires in order to test the hypothesized model. In the study, regression model is employed using SPSS 2.1 software to test the hypotheses. Results shows positive and significant relationship of Emotional Intelligence with its four dimensions: Self-Emotion Appraisal, Other-Emotion Appraisal, Self-Emotion Regulation, and Other Emotion Regulation, with Job Performance. The research has addressed the existing gap on scarcity of research on Emotion Intelligence with its key dimensions, in the public sector universities and the management schools as a target population. Moreover, this research also has some limitations. The research findings have both theoretical and practical implications. In order to foster job performance, the study recommends the creation and promotion of an organizational environment wherein faculty members could share their workplace emotions with ease and interest. Lastly, suggestions for further research are provided.
Personal boundaries: definition, role, and impact on mental health
Authors: Chernata Taras
Published: April 2024

This article attempts to generalize and systematize existing knowledge in psychology about the phenomenon of personal boundaries and their influence on an individual's psychological well-being. The first section of the article analyzes the concept of personal boundaries, their functions, and types. It explains that personal boundaries are defined as internal and external spaces that separate the individual from the surrounding world and others. Various types of boundaries are considered, including physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual boundaries. The second section of the article discusses the peculiarities of forming personal boundaries and typical disruptions in their functioning. It is noted that the formation of healthy boundaries occurs throughout life and depends on interactions with parents, the surrounding environment, and individuality. Typical boundary violations are also considered, such as lack of awareness, stress, fear of refusal, and others. The third section examines the guarantee of forming healthy personal boundaries. The role of assertiveness in maintaining healthy boundaries and effective interaction with the surrounding world is analyzed. It is explained that assertive behavior helps maintain a balance between one's own needs and the interests of others, contributing to the construction of stable and constructive relationships. The conclusions emphasize the importance of understanding and awareness of personal boundaries for maintaining mental health and improving the quality of life. They highlight the significance of developing assertiveness and other key skills to support healthy boundaries and build harmonious relationships with the world. This scientific article is an important source for those interested in personality psychology, interaction with the environment, and the development of mental health. It offers a deep analysis of the basic concepts of personal boundaries and provides practical recommendations for their preservation and support.
Epidural lipomatosis with foci of hemorrhage and acute compression of the spinal cord in a child with CLOVES syndrome: illustrative case
Authors: Ishchenko Dmytro , Benzar Iryna , Holoborodko Andrii
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, spinal/skeletal anomalies, and/or scoliosis (CLOVES) syndrome is the most recently described combined vascular anomaly characterized by congenital excessive growth of adipose tissue, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, and skeletal deformities. This condition exhibits a significant variability in clinical manifestations and a tendency for rapid progression and affects extensive anatomical regions. Information regarding the association of epidural lipomatosis with low-flow venous lymphatic malformations is rare, with few reports in the literature.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present a case of a 6-year-old girl who was admitted to the emergency department complaining of rapidly progressing weakness in her lower extremities and partial loss of sensation in the inguinal area. Radiologically, an extradural mass was identified at the T2–6 level, causing acute spinal cord compression. Urgent decompression and partial resection of the mass were performed. Despite satisfactory intraoperative hemo- and lymphostasis, postoperative lymphorrhea/seroma leakage was encountered as a delayed complication and was managed conservatively.

LESSONS

CLOVES syndrome is characterized by the combination of various clinical symptoms, not all of which are included in the abbreviation, as well as a progressively deteriorating course, the emergence of new symptoms, and complications throughout the patient’s life. This necessitates ongoing monitoring of such patients.
Novel use of a closed-tip stent retriever to prevent distal embolism in the posterior circulation: illustrative case
Authors: Nishii Rikuo , Goto Masanori , Takano Yuki , Nakajima Kota , Takamatsu Takateru , Tokuda Masanori , Tomita Hikari , Yoshimoto Mai , Kawade Satohiro , Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Naramoto Yuji , Teranishi Kunimasa , Fukui Nobuyuki , Sunohara Tadashi , Fukumitsu Ryu , Takeda Junichi , Koyanagi Masaomi , Sakai Chiaki , Sakai Nobuyuki , Ohta Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

In mechanical thrombectomy for tandem occlusions in vertebrobasilar stroke, distal emboli from the vertebral artery lesion should be prevented. However, no suitable embolic protection devices are currently available in the posterior circulation. Here, the authors describe the case of a vertebral artery lesion effectively treated with a closed-tip stent retriever as an embolic protection device in the posterior circulation.

OBSERVATIONS

A 65-year-old male underwent mechanical thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion, with tandem occlusion of the proximal vertebral artery. After basilar artery recanalization via the nonoccluded vertebral artery, a subsequent mechanical thrombectomy was performed for the occluded proximal vertebral artery. To prevent distal embolization of the basilar artery, an EmboTrap III stent retriever was deployed as an embolic protection device within the basilar artery to successfully capture the thrombus.

LESSONS

A stent retriever with a closed-tip structure can effectively capture thrombi, making it a suitable distal embolic protection device in the posterior circulation.
Arachnoid bands in hemifacial spasm: an overlooked etiology? Illustrative case
Authors: Al-Mutawa Mariam , Schroeder Henry W. S
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Primary hemifacial spasm (HFS) is usually caused by arterial compression of the facial nerve at the root exit zone at the brainstem. Rarely, a purely venous compression is seen. However, arachnoid bands strangulating the facial nerve have not been recognized as a cause of hemifacial spasm.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present a case of a 24-year-old female who had experienced HFS for 9 years. Endoscopic inspection of the root exit zone revealed no vascular compression but an arachnoid band strangulating the facial nerve. After cutting the band, the lateral spread response disappeared, and the patient was immediately spasm free after the surgery. Two years later, she was still doing well without any spasms.

LESSONS

This is the third patient in the authors’ series of 535 patients who had no vascular conflict but rather a strangulation of the nerve by arachnoid bands. All patients have remained spasm free. To the authors’ knowledge, no other group has reported arachnoid bands as an etiological factor of HFS so far.
Phantom limb pain, traumatic neuroma, or nerve sheath tumor? Illustrative case
Authors: Halloran Patrick J , Chiocca E. Antonio , Santos Andres
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Phantom limb pain and traumatic neuromas are not commonly seen in neurosurgical practice. These conditions can present with similar symptoms; however, management of traumatic neuroma is often surgical, whereas phantom limb pain is treated with conservative measures.

OBSERVATIONS

A 77-year-old female patient with a long-standing history of an above-the-knee amputation experienced severe pain in her right posterior buttocks area for several years’ duration, attributed to phantom limb pain, which radiated down the stump of her leg and was treated with a variety of conservative measures. A recent exacerbation of her pain led to a prolonged hospitalization with magnetic resonance imaging of her leg stump, revealing a mass in the sciatic notch, at a relative distance from the stump. The anatomical location of the mass on the sciatic nerve in the notch led to a presumed radiological diagnosis of nerve sheath tumor, for which she underwent excision. At surgery, a neuroma of the proximal portion of the transected sciatic nerve that had retracted from the amputated stump to the notch was diagnosed.

LESSONS

Traumatic neuromas of transected major nerves after limb amputation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of phantom limb pain.
Estimation of the Average Values of the Wolf Numbers of Cycles
of the Dalton Minimum Based on the Characteristics
of Reliable Cycles of a Series
Authors: Shibaev I. G.
Published: April 2024

The source material for the number of Wolf numbers is both archival records of disparate observationsand regular observatory observations. Many researchers rely on a series of Wolf numbers, includingrestored data of archival records, although the properties and characteristics of the restored and reliable partsof the series differ significantly. The parameters of the restored part itself are also contradictory. Naturally,matching the properties of the reconstructed and reliable series will smooth the contradictions and expandthe array of more reliable data. Taking the relationship between the characteristics of significant cycles intoaccount, options for group correction of the average values of cycles I–IX are presented. Since local dataresiduals play a lesser role when comparing extended fragments, by relying on the integral estimates of thesefragments (without detailing the conditions for their formation) we obtained more weighted interval estimates.The parameters of intervals (groups of cycles) of a reliable series serve as the basis for correction.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Using Integral Daily
Es Characteristics to Identify Short-Term Ionospheric Precursors
of Strong Earthquakes
Authors: Korsunova L. P. , Khegai V. V.
Published: April 2024

Day-to-day variations of deviations of integral daily characteristics of the sporadic E layer in differentseasons in 1987, 1996, 2003–2004, and 2014 from the reference values are investigated. The analysis isconducted based on hourly measurements from Japanese ground-based vertical ionospheric sounding stationsin order to identify possible short-term ionospheric precursors of crustal (surface) earthquakes withmagnitudes M ≥ 6.5 under real observational conditions. Using the coincidence of the maxima in the variationsof the considered Es characteristics at the same day on pairs of stations located hundreds of kilometersfrom each other, 12 possible ionospheric earthquake precursors (true alarms) and 22 false alarms, which arenot followed by earthquakes of the specified range in different seasons of 1987, 1996, and 2003–2004, werefound. The efficiency of identifying possible short-term ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes isdetermined by the chosen method based on Hanssen–Kuipers score (Rscore), which turned out to be 0.82 forthe specified time periods. It is concluded that the proposed methodology for identifying short-term ionosphericprecursors of strong earthquakes can be used in real conditions
Wave Perturbations of the Lower and Upper Ionosphere
during the 2019 Faxai Tropical Typhoon
Authors: Shalimov S. L. , Zakharov V. I. , Solov’eva M. S. , Sigachev P. K. , Nekrasova M. Yu. , Korkina G. M.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we studied the response of the lower and upper ionosphere to the passage of TyphoonFaxai 2019 using the regional network of ultralong-wave radio translucence stations in the Far East region ofRussia and measurements of electron density perturbations using the SWARM mission satellites. The presentedexperimental data clearly demonstrate wave perturbations of the amplitude and phase of the ULW signal,as well as the electron density during the active stage of the typhoon. The parameters of wave perturbationscorrespond to atmospheric internal gravity waves. The maximum spectral density of wave perturbations in thelower ionosphere corresponds to 16–20 min. A mechanism for the impact of internal waves on the ionosphere,which is due to polarization fields arising from the wave motion of plasma in the lower part of the F-region, isproposed. These fields projected along the geomagnetic field lines make it possible to interpret the observedvariations in the phase of the ULW signal and variations in the electron density in the upper ionosphere
Manifestation of Magnetic Flux Ropes in the Structure
of Solar Prominences
Authors: Filippov B. P.
Published: April 2024

The appearance of quiescent solar prominences most often resembles a wide curtain or a fencemade of a vertical palisade. It is hard to imagine that such a structure can be connected or even formed by amagnetic flux rope, that is, a bundle of force lines twisted into a cylindrical helix, which sometimes clearlymanifests itself in active region filaments. However, with a relatively small activation of the prominences,when the plasma composing them begins to move along the field lines, the structure of the magnetic flux ropecan be discerned. An example of a quiescent prominence is shown, in which rotational motion is observedalong helical trajectories outlining the flux rope. The rotation is clearly visible in the time-distance diagram,which is composed of narrow strips of images of the prominence along the trajectory of motion
Equatorial Plasma Bubble Occurrence Probability
with Respect to Month of Year
Authors: Sidorova L. N.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the variations of the equatorial plasma bubble occurrence probability with respectto month of year are investigated. For this purpose, the data obtained on board the ISS-b satellite (~972–1220 km) in the mid−latitude region ±(25°–55°) DIPLAT of the both hemispheres for a year and a half ofthe observations (August 1978–December 1979) were used. The comparative analysis of the studied characteristicwith the monthly variations of the meridional wind velocity was carried out. For this purpose, thewind velocity data calculated from the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM14) were used. 1. It was revealed thatthe maximal plasma bubble occurrence probability values take place each time during the local winter: December–February in the Northern Hemisphere (~19%) and June–August in the Southern Hemisphere (~29%).The minimal values take place in the local summer: June–August in the Northern Hemisphere (~3%) andDecember–February in the Southern Hemisphere (~4%). As a result, there is asymmetric plasma bubbledevelopment relative to the geomagnetic equator during the solstices. 2. It was revealed that the relativeequality of the plasma bubble occurrence probability values takes place in the histograms of the differenthemispheres during the equinoxes. As a result, there is almost symmetrical plasma bubble spreading relativeto the geomagnetic equator during these periods. 3. It was revealed that the maximal plasma bubbleoccurrence probability values take place in each hemisphere during the local winter, when the meridionalwinds developing there favors the downward bubble plasma and, accordingly, the bubble spreading alongthe flux tube. The minimal plasma bubble occurrence probability values take place in each uplift hemisphereduring the local summer season, when the meridional wind favors the bubble plasma and slows thebubble spreading.
Observation of the Solar Eclipse on June 10, 2021
on the Water Vapor Radiometer of the Institute of Applied Astronomy,
Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Il’in G. N. , Bykov V. Yu. , Peterova N. G. , Topchilo N. A.
Published: April 2024

The results of observations of the solar eclipse on June 10, 2021, which were carried out at the Svetloeobservatory (60.53° N, 29.78° E, Leningrad Province) for the first time using the water vapor radiometerand radio telescopes RT-13 and RT-32 together are presented. The eclipse curves obtained at the radiometeroperating frequencies of 20.7 and 31.4 GHz were compared with the change in the area of the open part of theSun and show good agreement (match to an accuracy of 2% during the cloudless period). Assuming a uniformdistribution of radio brightness across the solar disk, the brightness temperature was estimated to be 9060 ± 380and 8050 ± 300 K at these frequencies, respectively. It was concluded that even in the epoch of a deep minimumof solar activity, the brightness of the solar disk in the microwave range remains unchanged (independentof the cycle number)
Thermal Regime of the Lithosphere under the Taimyr Peninsula
According to Geomagnetic Data
Authors: Filippova A. I. , Filippov S. V.
Published: April 2024

This article presents the results of a study of the thermal regime of the lithosphere under the TaimyrPeninsula and adjacent territories (70°–80° N, 80°–115° E) based on geomagnetic data. Spectral analysis ofthe lithospheric geomagnetic field given by the EMAG2v3 model was performed using the centroid method.The calculations we performed showed that the minimum depths of the top boundary of lithospheric magneticsources (2.5 km) are typical for the entire Taimyr fold belt and the considered part of the Siberian Platform,and the maximum (6 km) for the North Kara Basin. The position of the top boundary of the magneticallyactive layer of the lithosphere above the bottom of the sedimentary layer under the Yenisei-Khatangaand Khatanga-Lena basins can be associated with the widespread intrusion of basalt traps into the sedimentarylayer. The minimum depths of the bottom boundary of lithospheric magnetic sources (36 km) are confinedto the Eurasian Basin and neighboring territories of the Laptev Sea shelf and the islands of the SevernayaZemlya archipelago, which indicates the greatest heating of the lithosphere under them within theregion under consideration. The depth of the bottom boundary reaches maximum values (≥48 km) under theYenisei-Khatanga and North Kara basins and the Siberian Platform, indicating the existence of the cold and,accordingly, thick lithosphere here, which is confirmed by other independent geophysical data
Generation Model of a Spatially Limited Vortex
in a Stratified Unstable Atmosphere
Authors: Onishchenko O. G. , Artekha S. N. , Feygin F. Z. , Astafieva N. M.
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a new model for the generation of axisymmetric concentrated vortices. Thesolution of a nonlinear equation for internal gravity waves in an unstable stratified atmosphere is obtained andanalyzed within the framework of ideal hydrodynamics. The corresponding expressions describing thedependences on the radius for the radial and vertical velocity components in the inner and outer regions ofthe vortex include combinations of Bessel functions and modified Bessel functions. The proposed new nonlinearanalytical model makes it possible to study the structure and nonlinear dynamics of vortices in theradial and vertical regions. The vortex is limited in height. The maximum vertical velocity component isreached at a certain height. Below this height, radial flows converge towards the axis, and above it, an outflowoccurs. The resulting instability in the stratified atmosphere leads to an increase in the radial and verticalvelocity components according to the hyperbolic sine law, which turns into exponential growth. The characteristicgrowth time is determined by the inverse growth rate of the instability. The formation of vortices withfinite velocity components, which increase with time, is analyzed. The radial structure of the azimuthalvelocity is determined by the structure of the initial perturbation and can change with height. The maximumrotation is reached at a certain height. The growth of the azimuth velocity occurs according to a super-exponentiallaw.
The Flare Emission of the May 4, 2022 Event
and Its Millimeter Component
Authors: Smirnova V. V. , Tsap Yu. T. , Ryzhov V. S. , Motorina G. G. , Morgachev A. S. , Bárta M.
Published: April 2024

Based on observations at the RT-7.5 radio telescope of the Bauman Moscow State Technical Universityat a wavelength of 3.2 mm (93 GHz), along with other ground-based and space instruments (Siberianradioheliograph, Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), Metsähovi radio observatory), the origin of millimeterradiation from a solar flare was investigated for the SOL2022-05-04T08:45 X-ray class M 5.7 flare. Ananalysis of the time profiles of radiation in the X-ray and centimeter ranges showed that the millimeter emissionsource is not associated with hot (5 × 105–107 K) coronal plasma. This is also evidenced by the estimateof the sub-THz flux of radiating hot plasma according to the AIA/SDO data, which turned out to be muchless than the observed values. Indications were obtained of the development of thermal instability in flareultraviolet loops. The relationship between the millimeter emission of the flare and the heat source in thesolar chromosphere has been substantiated.
Properties of the Variability of the Maximum Density of the F2-Layer
over Almaty at Different Levels of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity
Authors: Deminov M. G. , Deminova G. F. , Depuev V. Kh. , Depueva A. Kh.
Published: April 2024

The properties of the variability of the maximum density of the F2-layer Nm at different levels ofsolar and geomagnetic activity have been analyzed based on hourly data of the Almaty station (43.2° N, 104° E)for 1958–1988. The standard deviation σ(x) of the fluctuations of Nm relative to the quiet level(x = (Nm/Nm0 – 1) × 100, %) and the average shift of these fluctuations xave are used to characterize thisvariability. In this path, an empirical model of the F2-layer maximum density Nm0 for low geomagnetic activityhas been created. It has been found that the variability of Nm depends weakly on the level of solar activity.The dependence of the variability of Nm on geomagnetic activity is one of the main ones, along with thedependences of this variability on time of day and season. In general, the variance σ2(x) is smaller for quietconditions than for periods of high geomagnetic activity. However, during periods of high geomagnetic activity,a further increase in geomagnetic activity does not lead to an increase in the variance σ2(x). The saturationin the increase in the variance σ2(x) against the background of a continuing increase in geomagnetic activityand the absence of this saturation for the average shift xave seems to be a stable property of the variability ofthe mid-latitude ionosphere during periods of geomagnetic storms. This conclusion is based on an additionalanalysis of ionospheric variability according to data from the Irkutsk and Yamagawa stations, which arelocated about 10 degrees north and south of Almaty station, respectively.
Forbush Decreases and Geomagnetic Disturbances: 1. Events Associated with Different Types of Solar and Interplanetary Sources
Authors: Melkumyan A. A. , Belov A. V. , Shlyk N. S. , Abunina M. A. , Abunin A. A. , Oleneva V. A. , Yanke V. G.
Published: April 2024

In this paper we study the statistical relations between geomagnetic indices and the characteristics of cosmic rays and interplanetary disturbances for Forbush decreases associated with (a) coronal mass ejections from active regions accompanied by solar flares, (b) filament eruptions outside active regions, (c) high-speed streams from coronal holes, and (d) multiple sources. For sporadic Forbush decreases, the dependence of geomagnetic indices on cosmic ray and solar wind parameters in the presence or absence of a magnetic cloud is compared using statistical methods. The results show that (a) the highest geoeffectiveness is characteristic of interplanetary disturbances associated with solar matter eruptions from active regions in the presence of a magnetic cloud (and the lowest one for recurrent disturbances), (b) sporadic and recurrent events differ not only in the magnitude of geomagnetic indices and the southern component of the magnetic field but also in the nature of the relationship between them, (c) the geoeffectiveness of transient solar wind disturbances depends more strongly on the presence or absence of a magnetic cloud than on the type of solar source, and (d) for interplanetary disturbances associated with filament eruptions outside active regions, in the presence of a magnetic cloud, the geoeffectiveness depends only on the southern component of the magnetic field, while for other types of disturbances it depends on other solar wind parameters.
Infrared Glow of Nitric Oxide in Earth’s Middle Atmosphere during GLE Events of the 23rd Solar Cycle
Authors: Kirillov A. S. , Belakhovsky V. B. , Maurchev E. A. , Balabin Yu. V. , Germanenko A. V. , Gvozdevsky B. B.
Published: April 2024

The article considers the production kinetics of vibrationally excited NO(X2Π, 0) molecules at heights of Earth’s middle atmosphere during the precipitation of high-energy protons. The intensity profiles of the luminescence of the infrared bands of nitric oxide at 5.3 and 2.7 μm were calculated for precipitation of high-energy protons into Earth’s atmosphere during the events GLE65, GLE67, GLE69, and GLE70 of the 23rd solar cycle. Calculations have shown that the highest integral luminescence intensity values of the 5.3 and 2.7 μm bands were obtained for GLE69: 5.7 and 0.18 kR (kilorayleighs), respectively. Comparison of the calculation results for the 5.3 µm band during the GLE69 event with experimental data obtained from the TIMED spacecraft on January 20, 2005, showed that the calculation results were overestimated by a factor of 2.