bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sense of Adharma
Authors: Glucklich Ariel
Published: November 2023

Addressing one of the most difficult conceptual topics in the study of classical Hinduism, Ariel Glucklich presents a rigorous phenomenology of dharma, or order. The work moves away from the usual emphasis on symbols and theoretical formulations of dharma as a religious and moral norm. Instead, it focuses on images that emerge from the basic experiential interaction of the body in its spatial and temporal contexts, such as the sensation of water on the skin during the morning purification, or the physical manipulation of the bride during the marriage ritual. Images of dharma are examined in myths, rituals, art, and even the physical landscape of the Hindu world. The varied and contingent experiences of dharma infuse it with a meaning that transcends a false analytical distinction from adharma, or chaos. Glucklich shows that when dharma is experienced by means of living images, it becomes inescapably temporal, and therefore inseparable from adharma.
The scandal of the gospels
Authors: Mccracken David
Published: November 2023

This book argues that the gospels are in an important sense “occasions for offense.” The Jesus of the gospels is a scandal (skandalon, in the original Greek) and he is never more scandalous than when he is speaking in parables. Interpreters of the gospels over the centuries have consistently labored to domesticate the offense or to eliminate it entirely. David McCracken, focusing on parables, Matthew’s narrative contexts, and the gospel of John, seeks to recover the gospels’ sense of Jesus as skandalon. To this end, he enlists the help of Kierkegaard, the philosopher of offense, and to a lesser extent that of Bakhtin, both of whom prove to be surprisingly apt conversation partners for the evangelists.
Revolution And Dissolution: The Last Phase
Authors: Mitchell Richard P
Published: November 2023

ON 26 July the Consultative Assembly of the Society, in extraordinary session, drafted and then released on 1 August a report of its proceedings which featured an expression of pleasure at the success of ‘the blessed movement’ of the army officers in liberating Egypt. The bulk of it consisted of a statement of the views of the Society on the multiple problems of reform-moral, political economic, and social-facing the Egyptian people at the beginning of their new era.
Structure And Administration
Authors: Mitchell Richard P
Published: November 2023

The first regulations to govern the operation of the Society came into existence, according to Banna, around 1930-1. On 8 September 1945 a revised code, proposed by Banna, was adopted under the title ‘The Fundamental Law of the Organization of the Muslim Brothers’ (Qanun al-nizam al-asasi li-hay’at al-Ikhwan alMuslimin al-’Amma).2 Within three years Banna, ‘in the light of the experience of the past years’, recommended a series of amendments which were drafted in the form of proposals by a special committee and adopted unanimously, after a first and a second ‘reading’, by the Consultative Assembly on 21 May 1948. Finally, following the appointment as leader of Hasan al-Hudaybi, the Guidance Council-acting under the authority of Article 32 of the basic statute, which empowered it to create the necessary apparatus for ‘realizing the goals of the Society’, and Article 62 which allowed existing Ordinances to be reviewed and modified-adopted a new series of ‘General Internal Regulations’ (al-La’iha al-dakhiliyya al-’Amma), which elaborated the earlier code.3 These two sets of ordinances constitute the primary sources for the Society’s organizational structure and its ‘administrative and technical operations. The charts on pp. 164 and 177 summarize its structure on first the administrative and then the technical side.
The Solution: Reform And Action
Authors: Mitchell Richard P
Published: November 2023

The Muslim state, the Muslim order, as conceived by the Brothers was, however, far from realization. But if the country could not be ‘Islamized’ overnight, much could be done to pave the way towards the final goal. This meant a total reform of the political, economic, and social life of the country by the government from the top, and by the people from below. The government was to be ‘guided’ by a series of reform programmes advocated by the Society; and these were to be given substantial support from the ever-increasing circle of Muslims converted anew to the truths of the faith. Thus, besides advocating reform programmes, the Society attempted to create a milieu conducive to the ‘truly Islamic life’, by undertaking on its own initiative numerous projects designed to demonstrate the viability of Islam as a coherent programme of social organization.
Standing Against The Whirlwind
Authors: Butler Diana Hochstedt
Published: November 2023

Standing Against the Whirlwind is a history of the Evangelical party in the Episcopal Church in nineteenth-century America. A surprising revisionist account of the church’s first century, it reveals the extent to which evangelical Episcopalians helped to shape the piety, identity, theology, and mission of the church. Using the life and career of one of the party’s greatest leaders, Charles Pettit McIlvaine, the second bishop of Ohio, Diana Butler blends institutional history with biography to explore the vicissitudes and tribulations of evangelicals in a church that often seemed inhospitable to their version of the Gospel. This gracefully written narrative history of a neglected movement sheds light on evangelical religion within a particular denomination and broadens the interpretation of nineteenth-century American evangelicalism as a whole. In addition, it elucidates such wider cultural and religious issues as the meaning of millennialism and the nature of the crisis over slavery.
Standing Up for Jesus: The Evangelical Episcopal Quest for Puriry, 1853-1865
Authors: Butler Diana Hochstedt
Published: November 2023

On Tuesday, April 13, 1858, the Rev. Dudley Atkins Tyng, son of Stephen Tyng, got up from his books and left his study for a brief walk. He entered his barn to watch some of his servants operating a mill. Unnoticed by him or his servants, the sleeve of his gown caught in a cogwheel of the machine. Before anyone could stop the mechanism, Tyng’s right side was crushed between the gears. “The cogs,” recalled his father, “had ground the flesh from the bone, from the elbow to the shoulder.”1 For a week, doctors tried to save the young minister-having amputated his arm -to no avail. Six days later, on Monday, April 19, Dudley Tyng died. Dudley Tyng was nearly as famous as his father as an evangelical leader in the Episcopal Church. He had been rector of parishes in New York, western Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. In Ohio, he led Cincinnati’s prestigious Christ Church, the parish church of Bishop Mcilvaine. There Mcilvaine befriended the son of one of his closest friends, and the younger Tyng preached a clear evangelical and anti-Oxford Movement theology. He gained fame for his “pulpit presence and eloquence.” In 1854, he was honored with a call to a former parish of his father’s,the well-known evangelical parish, Philadelphia’s Church of the Epiphany.
David Ely (1927–)
Authors: Herbert Rosemary
Published: November 2023

David Eli Lilienthal, Jr., under the pseudonym David Ely, produced a body of fiction fueled by the author’s fascination with men of power and influence who are suddenly driven to test and understand themselves in a quest to discover their true character. In a half-dozen novels, Ely places his protagonists in various challenging situations, such as the Paris underground of World War II, a Central American jungle, and the surveillance industry. In Ely’s best known novel, Seconds (1963), a successful businessman known only as Wil son is approached by a mysterious corporation and offered an attractive new life. Wilson soon discovers that he is lost when given too much freedom.
Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1928–)
Authors: Herbert Rosemary
Published: November 2023

Colombian author Gabriel Garcfa Marquez has created a body of work that defies categorization. Some of his work may be termed magic realism; much of it has the resonance of fables; all of it is intensely original. Nobel laureate Garcfa Marquez admired the work of another Nobel Prize winner in this volume, William Faulkner. Both authors’ works grapple with grand emotions and themes grounded in a rich regional foundation: love, pride, power, entrapment, and death.
Peter Lovesey (1936–)
Authors: Herbert Rosemary
Published: November 2023

British author Peter Lovesey dreamed of becoming a great runner but instead won crime and mystery writing competitions with his novels set in the world of odd Victorian sports. Born in Middlesex, England, Lovesey was educated at the University of Reading. He later served as an education officer in the Royal Air Force and was employed by colleges in Essex and London before he entered the writing contest that launched his mystery writing career. Lovesey initially established himself as a writer of period mysteries, building his series around his research into English sports and Victorian police procedure. His best-known sleuths are Sergeant Cribb, Constable Edward Thackeray, and his police superior, Inspector Jowett. These Victorian characters appeared not only in Lovesey’s books but in the Sergeant Cribb television series based on the novels and in additional programming that Lovesey and his wife Jacque line plotted for television.
Franco-German Reconciliation: The Overlooked Role of the Moral Re-Armament Movement
Authors: Luttwak Edward
Published: November 2023

In 1945 Germany was not merely defeated-its very identity as a nation-state was invalidated, just as much of its industry and all of its larger cities were all but totally obliterated. Facing immediate hardship and sometimes hunger, unable to imagine a better future, the Germans were far from ready to atone for the unprecedented cruelties then revealed to the world. As for the French, the deep wounds of 1940 were by then aggravated by the prolonged humiliation of the German occupation and by the sheer terror evoked by even routine encounters with German security patrols on country roads or in Paris subway stations. Ar. the same time, the revelations of the concentration and death camps more than confirmed all possible fears. In the circumstances, any attempt to effect a reconciliation between the two peoples was seemingly premature to the point of absurdity.
Review of the Findings
Authors: Johnston Douglas
Published: November 2023

The cases that have been presented demonstrate the important potential for peacemaking represented by religious groups and institutions. This chapter highlights the principles and considerations illustrated in the case studies that might have application in future situations. But first, a few disclaimers are in order.
Implications for Religious Communities: Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity
Authors: Vendley William , Little David
Published: November 2023

The central implication of the case studies in this volume is quite straightforward: religious communities should recognize the role they can play in peacemaking and exercise that role much more than they usually do. Peacemaking presents both a significant opportunity and a major challenge to religious communities.
Introduction
Authors: Cooey Paula M
Published: November 2023

On January 12, 1977, Alicia Partnoy disappeared. An Argentine citizen, poet, university student, and mother of a small child, she was detained by army personnel and incarcerated, along with other activists, in a concentration camp known as la Escuelita, the Little School. The Argentine military held her without charge and without the knowledge of her family for six months, after which, for reasons she never discovered, she “rappeared,” only to remain imprisoned for an additional two and one-half years, at which point she went into exile.1 On reading her poetry and an account of her experiences, I was struck by her focus upon the body as the battleground over which she and her torturers struggled to lay claim to her agency or subjectivity.
Introduction
Authors: Richey Russell E , Mullin Robert Bruce
Published: November 2023

A distinctive mark of North American religious life is its luxuriant denominational composition, long a fascination of both foreign visitors and native commentators. Indeed, observers in most periods of U.S. history have thought the denomination the obvious and fundamental unit of the American religious landscape.
The Death and Rebirth of Denominational History
Authors: Bowden Henry Warner
Published: November 2023

The title of this essay derives from a rather whimsical appropriation of words used by A. F. C. Wallace. In his study of Seneca Indians, westernmost of the five tribes constituting the Iroquois League, Wallace traced the cultural decline of those proud people and then their partial recovery thanks to the ministrations of a native prophet named Hand-some Lake. The general concept he used to depict this reclamation process was “revitalization.” In this essay I borrow the concept and apply it to the broad field of denominational history. But there is one proviso. Wallace defined revitalization as a deliberate, self-conscious movement, a process pursued over time with great determination.1 The Senecas came back from the edge of oblivion because they tried hard to do so. This was revitalization in the classic sense, but in my view the revitalization of denominational history does not quite fit the standard definition because, thus far, change does not seem to have been deliberate or self-conscious. Denominational history drifted toward the edge of historiographical oblivion, true enough, but current signs of improvement do not indicate that this recovery has been very carefully thought out at all.
Responses To Suffering In Classical Rabbinic Literature
Authors: Kraemer David
Published: November 2023

The existence of suffering poses an obvious problem for the monotheistic religions. Why does an all-powerful, benevolent God allow humans to suffer? And given that God does, what is the appropriate human response? In modern times Jewish theologians in particular, faced with the enormity of the Holocaust, have struggled to come to grips with these issues. In Responses to Suffering, David Kraemer offers the first comprehensive history of teachings related to suffering in classical rabbinic literature. Beginning with the Mishnah (c. 200 CE), Kraemer examines traditions on suffering, divine justice, national catastrophe, and the like, in all major rabbinic works of late antiquity. Bringing to bear recent methods in the history of religions, literary criticism, canonical criticism, and the sociology of religion, Kraemer offers a rich analysis of the development of attitudes that are central to and remain contemporary concerns of any religious society.
Making Malcolm
Authors: Dyson Michael Eric
Published: November 2023

Twenty years after his assassination, what is it about Malcolm X’s life and words that speaks so powerfully to so many? In Making Malcolm, Michael Eric Dyson probes the myths and meanings of Malcolm X for our time. From Spike Lee’s film biography to Eugene Wolfenstein’s psycho biographical study, from hip-hop culture to gender and racial politics, Dyson cuts a critical swathe through both the idolization and the vicious caricatures that have undermined appreciation of Malcolm’s greatest accomplishments. A rare and important book, Making Malcolm casts new light not only on the life and career of a seminal black leader, but on the aspirations and passions of the growing numbers who have seized on his life for insight and inspiration.
The Describable Life of Michel Foucault
Authors: Halperin David M
Published: November 2023

The order of scientific discourse, the attribution of a work to an author was, during the Middle Ages, indispensable, because such an attribution was an index of the work’s truthfulness. A proposition was held to derive its scientific value from its author. Since the seventeenth century this function has been steadily disappearing in scientific discourse; it no longer functions except to give a name to a theorem, an effect, an example, or a syndrome. In the order of literary discourse, by contrast, starting in the same period, the author’s function has been steadily gaining strength. Now, we demand of all those narratives, poems, dramas, and comedies which circulated relatively anonymously throughout the Middle Ages (and we insist that they tell us) where they come from and who wrote them. We require the author to answer for the unity of the text that we attach to his name; we require him to reveal, or at least to display, the hidden sense pervading his work; we require him to link his writings to his personal life and his lived experiences, to the real story that witnessed their birth.
Small Sacrifices
Authors: Schiller Anne
Published: November 2023

This is an ethnographic study of the Ngaju Dyaks, rain forest dwellers of the remote interior region of Central Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). Like many indigenous peoples, the Ngaju have lately been affected by exposure to world religions, technological advances, and myriad external factors involving their growing incorporation into the rapidly expanding state system. Schiller demonstrates that their responses to these pressures are most clearly seen in the religious sphere and involve the recasting and reinterpreting of their indigenous religion. She focuses particularly on the changing form and content of “tiwah,” an elaborate ritual of secondary burial with multiple and diverse meanings for Hindu Kaharingan Ngaju as well as for those who have converted to Islam or Christianity.
The Making of a “Quota Queen”
Authors: Leff Laurel
Published: November 2023

Three days after President Clinton withdrew Lani Guinier’s nomination to be head of the Jus, tice Department’s Civil Rights Division, the Washington Post published a postmortem that credited Clint Bolick of the “libertarianoriented” Institute for Justice with defeating the nomination. Post reporter Michael lsikoff (1993c) wrote that the Institute of Justice “produced a drumbeat of press releases, reports, and op-ed articles that portrayed the University of Pennsylvania law professor as a proquota, leftwing ‘extremist’ bent on undermining democratic principles—labels that stuck and helped fuel the debate over the Guinier nomination in terms that made it difficult for her allies to recover.”
The Real Real Anita Hill, or the Making of a Backlash Best-Seller
Authors: Coombs Mary
Published: November 2023

In April 1993, the Free Press published David Brock’s The Real Anita Hill. The book purported both to expose a variety of inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the testimony of Professor Hill and her key witnesses and to show that she was a left-wing feminist with one or more of a number of character flaws. The inevitable conclusion, if one accepted the accuracy of Brock’s research and conclusions, was that Professor Hill’s charges against Judge Thomas were baseless and that he had been the innocent victim of a vendetta engaged in by Hill and by the “Shadow Senate” of liberal senators, staffers, and lobbyists.
Introduction
Authors: Bisom-Rapp Susan
Published: November 2023

Popular culture is a fertile analytical site for feminist legal theory. Reaching an audience of millions, mass media both reflects and shapes social attitudes and increasingly provides a forum for political and cultural debates, particularly those that implicate law. It alternately functions as an instrument for social change and a tool for restabilizing or reconfiguring the status quo. As such, its analysis can provide feminists working in law with a barometer for gauging the impact of their ideas and with a point from which strategy can be formulated.
Mourning, Humor, and Reparation Detecting the Joke in Seraph on the Suwanee, by Zora Neale Hurston
Authors: Tate Claudia
Published: November 2023

Jim Merchant is always in good humor-even with his wife. He says he fell in love with her at first sight. That was some years ago. She has had all her teeth pulled out, but they still get along splendidly. He says the first time he called on her he found out that she was subject to fits. This didn’t cool his love, however. She had several in his presence. One Sunday, while he was there, she had one, and her mother tried to give her a dose of turpentine to stop it. Accidentally, she spilled it in her eye and it cured her. She never had another fit, so they got married and have kept each other in good humor ever since.
Race and Social Darwinism
Authors: Gossett Thomas F
Published: November 2023

ONE DOES NOT have to read very far in the writings of nineteenth-century social scientists to discover the immense influence of race theories among them. In studying human societies, they generally assumed that they were also studying innate racial character. Races were thought to represent different stages of the evolutionary scale with the white race—or sometimes a subdivision of the white race—at the top. Accordingly, any given society represented the power and influence of its various racial stocks and the amount and quality of the intermixture among them. Heredity was considered immensely more important than environment in conditioning the development of society, and to many of the social theorists heredity meant mainly race.
Postcards From The Trenches
Authors: Booth Allyson
Published: November 2023

The unprecedented magnitude of death during World War I forever altered how people perceived their world and how they represented those perceptions. In Postcards from the Trenches, Allyson Booth traces the complex relationship between British Great War culture and modernist writings. She shows that, through the experience of the Great War, both civilian and combatant modernist writers found that language could no longer represent experience. She goes on to identify and contextualize several of the resulting modernist tropes: she links the dissolving modernist self to soldiers’ familiarity with corpses, the modernist mistrust of factuality to the apparent inaccessibility of facts regarding the “rape of Belgium,” and the modernist interest in multiple viewpoints to the singularity of perspective with which generals studied battlefield maps. Though her emphasis is on literary works by Robert Graves, E.M. Forster, and Vera Brittain, among others, Booth’s analysis extends to memorials, posters, and architecture of the Great War. This interdisciplinary quality of Booth’s study results in a much deeper understanding of how the Great War affected cultural representations and how that culture represented the War.
The Theo-Economics of God
Authors: Webb Stephen H
Published: November 2023

The first and second chapter argue that the excessive either obliterates the possibility of an appropriate return or is immediately entangled in the predictable and mundane circularity of reciprocity. In the first case, the excessive is irrelevant, only negatively connected to social relations; in the second case, it is undialectically submerged in its opposite. Either way, excess comes to nothing. The gift is exchange hyperbolized, and yet gift giving seems to be merely a way of embellishing or enhancing the unbreakable logic of barter and trade. The ambiguity of the trope of hyperbole points to the central difficulty in gift giving. Does the gift exaggerate, in a pejorative sense, the encompassing calculations of exchange, or is there the possibility of interruption, disruption, and transformation? Does hyperbole merely heighten the customary transactions of this for that, or does its height beckon a mode of agency that radically threatens the dominance of “more of the same”? Moreover, is the disruption of the gift only a temporary reprieve from the persistence of exchange, or is it a genuine alternative, an antieconomy sustainable on its own terms?
Examination of the Tathāgata
Authors: Garfield Jay L
Published: November 2023

This is the first of the final set of chapters in the text, all of which deal directly with topics concerning the ultimate truth and its relation to the conventional. The doctrine of the two truths, central to all Mahayana Buddhist philosophy, is most explicitly enunciated in Chapter XXIV. But it is present as a pervasive theme in the text. There is a conventional world of dependently arisen objects with properties, of selves and their properties and relations. And in that world there is conventional truth: Snow is white. Grass is green. Individual humans are distinct from one another and from their material possessions. But there is also an ultimate truth about this world: It is empty (of inherent existence). None of these objects or persons exists from its own side (independently of convention). From the ultimate point of view there are no individual objects or relations between them. Just how these two truths are connected, and how we are to understand them simultaneously, is the central problem of Mūlamadhyamakakārikiā epistemology and metaphysics, and from the standpoint of Mūlamadhyamakakārikiā a satisfactory solution is essential for Buddhist soteriological practice and ethics as well.
Religion, Federalism, and the Struggle for Public Life
Authors: Everett William Johnson
Published: November 2023

In the past decade, the struggle for new forms of federal order and public life has exploded in central Europe, the former Soviet Union, and South Africa. Religious traditions and organizations have played a crucial role in these revolutions, and have also been critical to the establishment of constitutional orders in post-colonial countries like India. Moreover, they continue to undergird and to challenge the understanding of public life in the United States, whether in church-state conflicts or Native American religious claims. William Everett examines the role of religious traditions in the development of modern federal republicanism, seeking answers to such questions as: How have patterns of religious organization shaped federal republican orders? How do different cultures weave together these political and religious threads into a living fabric that fits their own cultural heritage? How are Western religious traditions of covenant and conciliarism relevant for understanding religion and constitutional developments in non-Western cultures? The author argues that a better comparative grasp of these dynamics is essential to our understanding of the establishment, sustenance, and development of federal republican governance. He presents, as a first step toward this goal, a detailed and comparative study of these patterns in India, Germany, and the United States.
What is plain English writing?
Authors: Bailey Edward P
Published: November 2023

When I first came across plain English, I was teaching writing in college. You can guess what I had been teaching: an overly formal style designed more to impress than simply to communicate clearly to the reader. Since then, I’ve switched to plain English and taught it extensively-in college and to many thousands of people in government and business. This book is a result of those experiences, and it’s designed to help you discover plain English.
Passive voice
Authors: Bailey Edward P
Published: November 2023

This chapter attacks the most important villain of readability in business and technical writing: passive voice. If you’ve heard one outcry against bad business and government writing, it’s “Too much passive voice!” That’s a good outcry, because bureaucratic writers significantly over­ use it. Passive voice isn’t always bad, but lots of it absolutely kills readability.
Graphics
Authors: Bailey Edward P
Published: November 2023

Today’s writers need to get beyond paragraphs full of words. Tables, drawings, graphs, and other illustrations are often what readers remember most.
Setting up the room
Authors: Bailey Edward P
Published: November 2023

You may think an audiovisual crew (if there is one) should have all these ready, but from my experience, they don’t. They arrange things from their perspective, but not from the perspective of an experienced speaker. Out of about a hundred presentations I give a year, the room is nearly right only a handful of times.
The Emergence of American Methodism
Authors: Wigger John H
Published: November 2023

Between 1770 and 1820 American Methodists achieved a virtual miracle of growth, rising from fewer than 1 ,ooo members to more than 250,000. In 1775 fewer than one out of every 800 Americans was a Methodist; by 1812 Methodists numbered one out of every 36 Americans. By 1830 membership stood at nearly half a million. While other denominations expanded in absolute numbers, the Methodists gained an ever larger share of the religious market. In 1775 Methodists constituted only 2 percent of the total church membership in America. By 1850 their share had increased to more than 34 percent. This growth stunned the older denominations. At mid-century, American Methodism was nearly half again as large as any other Protestant body, and almost ten times the size of the Congregationalists, America’s largest denomination in 1776 These figures are even more impressive when one considers the movement’s wider influence. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, member ship requirements were relatively strict, and discipline, for the most part, was firmly adhered to. Methodists carefully watched over one anothers public and private lives, and all members were required to attend a weekly small-group gathering, called a class meeting. Here their spiritual lives and temporal dealings were open to examination by the class leader, and they might also be asked to pray in public. This, no doubt, was a threatening proposition for many.
They Were Too Smart
Authors: Watts Jill
Published: November 2023

In the early 1970s, rumors circulated that after Mae West’s death, her deepest secret would be revealed publicly for the first time. A few wagered someone would finally verify that the celebrated symbol of brazen female sexuality was not really a woman but a man. Others speculated that a source would confirm that West had African-American roots, that one of her ancestors had passed for white. Mae toyed with those bolder journalists who confronted her with the persistent rumors that she was a man, and when one writer, John Kobal, questioned her on her racial background and preference for the blues, she admitted only that “her affinity for black music was because it’s the best there is.” But all those who anticipated a bombshell at her death were to be eventually disappointed. In 1980, at the age of eighty-seven, Mae West died and was buried with the secrets that she was believed to have so carefully guarded throughout her life.
Introduction
Authors: Sherman Amy L
Published: November 2023

Will Durant’s formulation of the connection between economic life and religion symbolizes the dominant view among social scientists that religious conviction is something that has to be explained, rather than-as for most religious adherents themselves-something that explains. According to Durant’s phrase, belief in the existence of gods is the result of objective socioeconomic factors-that is, poverty is the independent variable and religious belief the dependent variable.
Latin American Protestantism and Economic Development
Authors: Sherman Amy L
Published: November 2023

While the previous chapter summarized the most influential studies in the general culture-and-development field to provide readers an introduction to some of the presuppositions animating this book, this chapter looks exclusively at that segment of the culture-and development literature concerned with the dynamics between religious worldview change and socioeconomic life. In many of the studies referred to in chapter 1, religion was one of several variables under consideration. Religion is only one part of culture, but it is an exceedingly important one. Consequently, a number of scholars have concentrated specifically on the relationship between Protestantism and economic development.
Beyond All Reason
Authors: Farber Daniel A , Sherry Suzanna
Published: November 2023

Would you want to be operated on by a surgeon trained at a medical school that did not evaluate its students? Would you want to fly in a plane designed by people convinced that the laws of physics are socially constructed? Would you want to be tried by a legal system indifferent to the distinction between fact and fiction? These questions may seem absurd, but there are theories being seriously advanced by radical multiculturalists that force us to ask such questions. These scholars assert that such concepts as truth and merit are inextricably racist and sexist, that reason and objectivity are merely sophisticated masks for ideological bias, and that reality itself is nothing more than socially constructed mechanism for preserving the power of the ruling elite. In Beyond All Reason, liberal legal scholars Daniel A. Farber and Suzanna Sherry mount the first systematic critique of radical multiculturalism as a form of legal scholarship. Beginning with an incisive overview of the origins and basic tenets of radical multiculturalism, the authors critically examine the work of Derrick Bell, Catherine MacKinnon, Patricia Williams, and Richard Delgado, and explore the alarming implications of their theories. Farber and Sherry push these theories to their logical conclusions and show that radical multiculturalism is destructive of the very goals it wishes to affirm. If, for example, the concept of advancement based on merit is fraudulent, as the multiculturalists claim, the disproportionate success of Jews and Asians in our culture becomes difficult to explain without opening the door to age-old anti-Semitic and racist stereotypes. If historical and scientific truths are entirely relative social constructs, then Holocaust denial becomes merely a matter of perspective, and Creationism has as much “validity” as evolution. The authors go on to show that rather than promoting more dialogue, the radical multiculturalist preference for legal storytelling and identity politics over reasoned argument produces an insular set of positions that resist open debate. Indeed, radical multiculturalists cannot critically examine each others’ ideas without incurring vehement accusations of racism and sexism, much less engage in fruitful discussion with a mainstream that does not share their assumptions. Here again, Farber and Sherry show that the end result of such thinking is not freedom but a kind of totalitarianism where dissent cannot be tolerated and only the naked will to power remains to settle differences. Sharply written and brilliantly argued, this book is itself a model of the kind of clarity, civility, and dispassionate critical thinking which the authors seek to preserve from the attacks of the radical multiculturalists. With far-reaching implications for such issues as government control of hate speech and pornography, affirmative action, legal reform, and the fate of all minorities, Beyond All Reason is a provocative contribution to one of the most important controversies of our time.
The Mercenary Lover: Or, The Unfortunate Heiresses (1726)
Authors: Haywood Eliza
Published: November 2023

How little are the ill judging Multitude capable of chusing for themselves! How far are Wealth and Beauty, the two great Idols of the admiring World, from being real Blessings to the Possessors of them! With what numberless Dangers are their Attractions accompanied! and into what fatal lnadvertancies do they frequently plunge those who place their Dependance on them.
The Names of God
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan
Published: November 2023

In The Names of God, as in his previous study, Toward a Grammar of Biblical Poetics (OUP, 1992), Herbert Brichto continues to argue against the atomistic readings of the Hebrew Bible by the currently dominant schools of Biblical scholarship. He maintains, that despite the repetitions and self contradictions found in the Five Books of Moses, the Pentateuch possesses an aesthetic and ideological wholeness. Its harmonious blend of stories and structures inform one another as they give shape and meaning to the relationship and expectations between a benevolent God and recalcitrant humankind. In particular, Bichto focuses his “poetic” reading on the Book of Genesis. He uses the methods of contemporary literary criticism to examine one of the greatest inconsistencies within Genesis, the alternating use of Yahweh (the Lord) and Elohim (God) as names for the Deity. Often cited as the proof of multiple authorship, Brichto shows, instead, that this “inconsistency” serves as a device for a single author, using the specific name that is appropriate to each specific story. Brichto then proceeds to overturn other multiple-author proofs, including variations in genealogies, eponyms, and chronologies. He shows that their variety, ingenuity, and imaginative whimsy serve a vital poetic function in the structure of the text as a whole. Finding a unity in this diversity of genres, styles, and devices, Brichto overturns many of the assumptions of current scholarship as he solidifies his thesis of single authorship.
James Joyce A To Z
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

These encyclopedic companions are browsable, invaluable individual guides to authors and their works. Useful for students, but written with the general reader in mind, they are clear, concise, accessible, and supply the basic cultural, historical, biographical and critical information so crucial to an appreciation and enjoyment of the primary works. Each is arranged in an A-Z fashion and presents and explains the terms, people, places, and concepts encountered in the literary worlds of James Joyce, Mark Twain, and Virginia Woolf. As a keen explorer of the mundane material of everyday life, James Joyce ranks high in the canon of modernist writers. He is arguably the most influential writer of the twentieth-century, and may be the most read, studied, and taught of all modern writers. The James Joyce A-Z is the ideal companion to Joyce’s life and work. Over 800 concise entries relating to all aspects of Joyce are gathered here in one easy-to-use volume of impressive scope.
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Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

“Bahnhofstrasse” One of the 13 poems that appears in Joyce’s second collection of verse, POMES PENYEACH (1927). This short poem was composed in Zurich around 1918, after Joyce’s first attack of glaucoma on Zurich’s Bahnhofstrasse in August 1917. The imagery in the opening line of the poem underscores Joyce’s reaction to this initial eye problem, which is coupled with the realization of lost youth. The poem’s pensive mood reflects Joyce’s twofold concern about his growing blindness and the process of aging.
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Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

The initials of Emma CLERY, the never emerges, it is clear that Earwicker remains girl of whom Stephen DEDALUS is enamored in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. In StefJhen Hero, the narrative refers to her by her full name and not just by her initials. Earwicker, Humphrey Chimpden The main figure of Finnegans Wake. Earwicker is most often identified as the sleeping hero whose dreaming mind is the central consciousness of the Wake and the psychological space in which the action of the work takes place. His presence, identity, occupation and history (as well as those of his wife, ANNA LIVIA PLURABELLE, and their three children-twin sons SHEM and SHAUN, and daughter ISSY) are subject to multiple changes and mutations that occur within the dream-like dynamics of the work. Throughout the Wake, Earwicker and his wife appear as polar opposites, forces that are distinct yet dependent on each other for their identities and very existence-Earwicker as the principle of space and time, Anna Livia as the source of rebirth and life. Shem and Shaun emerge ofttimes as conflicting aspects of F.arwicker’s own troubled self, and the split embodiment of his fear of aging. His relationship with his daughter, who reminds him of a younger Anna Livia, has incestuous overtones, for she appears to arouse his sexual desire.
Basic Genres of Ritual Action
Authors: Bell Catherine
Published: November 2023

Almost all of the theories of ritual examined in part I come with their own typologies or classification systems for analyzing the plethora of ritual activities. While often descriptively useful, these typologies are designed to support the particular theory being advanced and sometimes reinforce unconscious assumptions about ritual. For example, a simple system proposed by Èmile Durkheim divided “the confused multiplicity of all the ritual forms” into two fundamental types of ritual action: one negative, the other positive. Negative rites, he argued, attemptto separate the human realm from the realm of the sacred by imposing restrictions or taboos, while positive rites attempt to bring the human and sacred realms into contact or communion. This classification system supports Durkheim’s underlying distinction between the sacred and the profane as two separate categories of human experience. Another common classification system distinguishes instrumental rituals, which attempt to accomplish something, from expressive rituals, which voice feelings or communicate ideas. The distinction between instrumental and expressive tends to support the idea that so called magical rites manipulate supernatural powers while so-called higher or devotional rites are a purer form of disinterested worship. For his part, Victor Turner ignored these systems and divided all rites into two basic genres, life-crisis rituals and rituals of affliction, two categories that stress the communal nature of ritual and Turner’s view of its sociocultural functions. Yet Turner’s categories are commonly used by other theorists who do not presume that these two types account for all ritual activity.
Theologians of a New World Order
Authors: Warren Heather A
Published: November 2023

This book tells how a group of Protestant theologians forged a theology of international engagement for America in the 1930s and 40s, and how in doing so they informed the public rationale for the United States’ participation in World War II and stimulated American leadership in establishing both secular and international organizations for the promotion of world order. This remarkable group included Henry P. Van Dusen, Reinhold Niebuhr, John Bennett, Francis P. Miller, Georgia Harkness, and Samual McCrea Cavert. Warren show how, in creating a coherent, theologically-derived position and bringing it to bear on contemporary international issues, this group combined ideas with public action in a way that set the standard for American theologians’ social activism in the years to come.
Making a New International Order in the War Years 1939—1945
Authors: Warren Heather A
Published: November 2023

When Germany Conquered Poland in September 1939, the consensus of prominent Americans was that the event should not alter U.S. neutrality. Liberals and conservatives alike preached this position. Liberals worried the war would divert attention and money from domestic problems; conservatives feared the repetition of higher taxes and government expansion of the Great War. Pacifists advocating mediation made strange bedfellows with the America First Committee, arguing that there was no danger of invasion if Germany won in Europe. Behind this public ratio-nale was a fundamental pride, a right of America to avoid entanglement in another “Old World war.” The attitude vexed the European ecumenical leaders. Visser ‘t Hooft wrote to Cavert, “[T]here is very great disappointment among all those who are working in international movements” because “America is giving so little response to the demands for help.” World Council headquarters in Geneva, like the city itself, became the hub of a maze of wartime dealings. Diplomats, resistance movement agents, influential refugees, and church leaders from many nations congregated at the office, so information about Europe at war was available there as nowhere else. The World Council staff had a German, Hans Schonfeld, and a Swede, Nils Ehrenstrom, whose contacts in the German diplomatic corps supplied news from the German-occupied countries and inside the reich itself.
Report of the Secretary for the Board Meeting of February 1942
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

National Defense The National Office is becoming increasingly busy in its effort to see that the Negro is not discriminated against in the many phases of the National Defense program. The American Red Cross Much time during the past month has been devoted to efforts to have the American Red Cross accept Negroes as blood donors for wounded sailors and soldiers. In a letter to Dr. E. H. Alexander of New York City under date of December 30, S. Sloan Colt, Director of the Red Cross War Drive, stated, “The Red Cross is now able to obtain from white donors enough blood to keep all the processing plants.
“Faire Eliza’s Chaine”: Two Female Writers’ Literary Links to Queen Elizabeth I
Authors: Gim Lisa
Published: November 2023

Throughout Her Reign, Queen Elizabeth I functioned as a gender anomaly by occupying both male and female roles. Yet assessing her effect on the gender structures of the latter half of the sixteenth century is difficult for two reasons: first, because we cannot know the extent to which she fashioned her anomalous position; and second, because she did not intervene to better significantly the situation of women during her lifetime.1 To seventeenth-century women, however, Elizabeth clearly provided a provocative gender model. Because she had become a symbol of national pride and religious and political achievement, her exercise of public authority could not be simply dismissed. Moreover, her success in embodying a complex set of gender identities suggested that her accomplishments need not be seen merely as those of an exceptional woman. Instead, other women might seek to emulate her education and abilities even though they could not attain her political position. Accordingly, seventeenth-century female authors “rewrote” her not as the exception to her sex but as the paradigm-the woman whom Bathsua Makin termed “the Crown of all” women.
The Erotics of Female Friendship in Early Modern England
Authors: Andreadis Harrietts
Published: November 2023

recent investigations of early modern texts have begun to refine our understanding of a class of women and behaviors described by their contemporaries in ways that coincide with our modern ‘lesbian.’ We have yet to discover how the social and cultural descriptions of these persons and behaviors were formulated, nor do we know how these women themselves—apart from public representations of them—might have negotiated their desires toward each other. In this essay, I demonstrate that as sexual acts between women began to be identified by public discourse in the vernacular as transgressive, ‘respectable’ women— whose connections with each other might be read as "lesbian" today— developed a second, more sexually evasive yet erotically charged language of female friendship to describe female same-sex intimacy. I name this language of female friendship and intimacy a "double discourse" because its emergence parallels the publicly disseminated discourse of overt transgression; for it was the growing acknowledgment of female same-sex sexual behaviors in the public sphere and the corresponding opprobrium directed at them that made this double discourse possible.