bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The EU Divorce Jurisdiction of Brussels IIB Regulation and Its Implementation in Austria
Authors: Bastomi Ahmad
Published: August 2024

To accommodate the needs of its citizens in building relationships across borders, the EU has provided several regulations. Since its first establishment in 2000, the EU regulations on divorce and legal separation jurisdiction have been amended twice. There are some significant changes in this jurisdiction, from its original regulation in 2000 to its amendment version in 2003 up to the current version that was established in 2019. This paper tries to investigate the implementation of the current ruling EU instrument in Austria through three approaches by evaluating: 1) the infringement cases, 2) preliminary ruling proceedings, and 3) further official actions conducted by Austria. It can be concluded that Austria has never been accused of any infringements of the three regulations. The court judgments of the two proceedings of preliminary ruling submitted by Austrian courts concerning Brussels IIA Regulation are also in accordance with the regulated law of EC No 2201/2003. The establishment of an introductory decree on the summary and legal explanations of the Council Regulation EU No 1111/2019 by Austria is a very good practice that can be adopted by other EU member states. Therefore, this paper suggests that Austria has effectively implemented the 2019 EU instrument.
PEMIKIRAN IBNU QAYYIM TENTANG RIBA DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nasiroh Wilda , Rofi’ah Khusniati
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on Ibn Qayyim's thoughts on usury and its relevance to the economy in Indonesia. The type of research used in this article is library research. Library research is when researchers use books, journals, scientific magazines published by private or government institutions, published periodically (periodicals), yearbooks, annual reviews, magazines, newspapers, historical records, as the subject of study. Economic thought according to Ibn Qayyim is about Islamic economic philosophy, views on prosperity and poverty, the economic significance of charity (zakat), the prohibition of usury, and market mechanisms and price determination. According to Ibn Qayyim's view, usury is divided into two, namely, usury jali and usury khafi. Ibn Qayyim emphasized the prohibition of usury in Islam because of its potential to create economic inequality and compromise the welfare of society. This view remains relevant in the context of Indonesia struggling with significant economic inequality and the challenge of poverty alleviation. The way to overcome usury is through education and religious awareness, such as increasing religious education and public awareness about the prohibition of usury in Islam, developing sharia financial institutions, innovation in sharia financial products, and government commitment.Keywords: Usury, Economic Thought, Ibn Qayyim, Relevance.  AbstrakArtikel ini memfokuskan pada pemikiran Ibnu Qayyim tentang riba dan juga relevansinya terhadap perekonomian di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada artikel ini yaitu penelitian pustaka (Library research). Penelitian pustaka adalah apabila peneliti menjadikan buku, jurnal, majalah ilmiah terbitan lembaga swasta ataupun pemerintah, diterbitkan berkala (periodical), yearbook, annual review, majalah, surat kabar, catatan historis, sebagai pokok kajian. Pemikiran ekonomi menurut Ibnu Qayyim yaitu tentang falsafah ekonomi islam, pandangan tentang kemakmuran dan kemiskinan, signifikansi ekonomi dalam amal zakat (zakat), larangan riba, dan mekanisme pasar dan penetapan harga. Menurut pandangan Ibnu Qayyim riba dibagi menjadi dua yaitu, riba jali dan riba khafi. Ibnu qayyim menekankan larangan riba dalam islam karena potensinya untuk menciptakan ketidaksetaraan ekonomi dan mengorbankan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Pandangan ini tetap relevan dalam konteks Indonesia yang berjuang melawan ketidaksetaraan ekonomi yang signifikan dan tantangan pengentasan kemiskinan. Untuk cara menanggulangi riba yaitu dengan pendidikan dan kesadaran agama, seperti meningkatkan pendidikan agama dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang haramnya riba dalam islam, pengembangan lembaga keuangan syariah, inovasi produk keuangan syariah, dan komitmen pemerintah.Kata Kunci: Riba, Pemikiran Ekonomi, Ibnu Qayyim, Relevansi.
The prognostic impact of psychiatric intervention on alcohol-associated liver disease: The UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Yang Keungmo , Kim Sunghwan , Yang Hyun , Wang Sheng-Min , Jeong Bumseok , Lim Hyun Kook , Bae Si Hyun
Published: August 2024

Background/Aims: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a public health concern. ALD patients often have psychiatric comorbidities, but the effects of psychiatric interventions on ALD are not well-established. This study explores the prognostic impact of psychiatric intervention on ALD within UK Biobank cohort.Methods: This population-based study included 2,417 ALD patients from the UK Biobank cohort. Psychiatric intervention was defined by a consultation with psychiatrists during hospitalization or a history of medication related to alcohol use disorder and psychiatric comorbidities. Survival analysis was conducted, incorporating propensity score matching (PSM), to precisely assess the impact of psychiatric intervention.Results: Among 2,417 ALD patients, those with F10 (mental disorders due to alcohol) codes had poorer survival outcomes. Psychiatric intervention significantly improved the outcomes of both all-cause and liver-related mortality and reduced the incidence of liver cirrhosis. In subgroup or 2-year landmark analyses, psychiatric intervention consistently showed a survival benefit in ALD patients. In the multivariate analysis, psychiatric intervention was identified as a favorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 0.780; P=0.002 after PSM).Conclusions: This study demonstrates the favorable effect of psychiatric intervention in ALD patients with psychiatric comorbidities. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated management for ALD patients to address both their medical and psychiatric aspects. Therefore, we suggest the potential benefits of early psychiatric interventions in improving survival outcomes in ALD.
Habitat-mediated direct and indirect interactions in a marine sedimentary system from Atlantic Canada
Authors: Vriends BJ , Tummon Flynn P , Quijón PA
Published: August 2024

Trophic cascades focusing on direct (consumptive) effects have been well studied in marine ecosystems. However, less attention has been given to cascades involving indirect interactions embedded in distinct habitats. We focused on the interactions between a non-indigenous predator (the green crab Carcinus maenas), a consumer (the mud crab Panopeus herbstii), and a prey species (juvenile eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica). These interactions were studied in 3 small yet distinct habitats of increasing complexity: bare sediments, patches of blue mussels Mytilus edulis (BM), and a unique habitat consisting of giant Irish moss Chondrus crispus and mussels combined (IMBM). In the field, green crab predation rates on mud crabs were estimated in each of the abovementioned habitats using tethering experiments. The results showed that green crab foraging was most effective in bare sediments and least effective in IMBM, i.e. the least and most complex habitats, respectively. Trials conducted in the laboratory with mud crabs foraging over oysters showed a similar outcome: oyster mortality rates declined with increased habitat complexity. However, when trials were conducted in the presence of a green crab, this pattern reversed, and oyster mortality was lowest in bare sediments. Mud crab behavior was consistent with these results: in the presence of a green crab, mud crabs were less active and spent more time sheltering, whereas in its absence, the opposite pattern was observed, especially in bare sediments. These behaviorally driven indirect interactions are dependent on the presence of a non-indigenous predator and mediated by the type of habitat.
THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLES ON MATHEMATICS LEARNING MOTIVATION IN SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Wahyuni Silvia Ananda Sri , Rahmat Tasnim
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the influence of paternal parenting styles on the motivation of seventh-grade students to learn mathematics at SMP Negeri 2 Bukittinggi. A correlational research method with an Ex Post Facto approach was employed, involving 156 students with a sample size of 31 individuals. The instrument used was a questionnaire, and data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. The results indicated a significant influence of paternal parenting styles on students' mathematics learning motivation, reflected in various parenting styles. The regression equation for authoritarian paternal parenting style and mathematics learning motivation was . For the democratic parenting style, it was . The neglectful parenting style yielded , while the permissive style showed . The correlation value obtained was = 0,602 with a coefficient of determination of 36,2404%. Hypothesis testing resulted in a  value of 3,298, which was greater than  = 1,96 at a 0.05 confidence level, indicating that the hypothesis of a significant influence of paternal parenting on mathematics learning motivation was accepted. This underscores the importance of the father's role in influencing the mathematics learning motivation of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Bukittinggi for the academic year 2021/2022.
INTEGRATION OF ISLAM IN APPLICATION-BASED E-MODULES (A DEVELOPMENT STUDY IN FACILITATING PROBLEM-SOLVING CAPABILITY)
Authors: Juliana Melani , Fitraini Depi , Susanty Eva , Mahmita
Published: August 2024

The research aims to produce an electronic module (e-module) based on an open-ended approach integrated with Islamic values ​​using professional Flip PDF to support students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. The ADDIE model was used in this research. This research took place in the Even Semester of the 2022/2023 Academic Year at MTs Al-Huda, with the research subjects being class VII students and the object being an open-ended e-module using Flip PDF Professional. The data required in the research was collected through tests and questionnaires and then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The calculation results show that the e-module is very valid, with a validity value of 0.871 and very practical, with a small group practicality value of 86.67% and a limited group practicality value of 83.91%. The effectiveness test results show a significant difference between students' mathematical problem-solving, with an increase in the average pre-test and post-test. Thus, it can be concluded that the e-module that has been created is valid, practical and effective in facilitating students' mathematical problem-solving.
DEVELOPING DISCOVERY LEARNING-BASED E-MODULE WITH SIGIL SOFTWARE IN FACILITATING STUDENT MATHEMATICAL REASONING ABILITY
Authors: Gusnida Afifah , Rahmi Depriwana , Kurniati Annisah , Yuniati Suci , Purnamirza Teddy
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to develop and produce a Discovery Learning-based e-module with Sigil software to facilitate students' mathematical reasoning ability at Junior High School/Islamic Junior High School, meeting valid, practical, and effective criteria. It was Research and Development with the ADDIE model. The subjects of this research were the eighth-grade students at State Junior High School 23 Pekanbaru. The object was a Discovery Learning-e-module with Sigil software to facilitate students' mathematical reasoning ability on Probability material. The data were qualitative and quantitative. The techniques of collecting data were distributing questionnaire and test questions. The instruments used were a questionnaire sheet and test questions. The data obtained were analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The research findings showed that the quality of the Discovery Learning-based e-module developed with Sigil software was very valid. It was very practical for small group and limited group. For the effectiveness of the e-module, tobserved ≥ ttable, so Ha was accepted, and H0 was rejected. It meant a test result difference between the experiment and control groups. The mean test result of the experiment group was higher than that of the control group. The effectiveness test result showed that the e-module developed could be stated as effective.
Understanding Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies
Authors: Taylor Jennifer
Published: August 2024

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) refers to a collection of rare and severe epilepsies that feature both seizures and developmental consequences. In this interview with EMJ, Antonietta Coppola, a consultant neurologist at the University of Naples Federico II, Italy, reviewed the methods for diagnosing DEE, which include a clinical history and physical examination, a prolonged electroencephalogram (EEG), genetic testing, neuroimaging, and testing for possible underlying metabolic disorders. She also discussed the importance of early diagnosis for patients and caregivers. Challenges in management for patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals (HCP) were highlighted, and Coppola discussed how they might vary according to the patient’s age. Coppola concluded with advice for HCPs developing a care plan, and sources of information and support for families.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN DARING DAN SUASANA BELAJAR DI RUMAH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR EKONOMI SISWA SMA
Authors: Nabilah Nabilah , Lestari Sri , Latuconsina Hudaya
Published: August 2024

Keywords: Online Learning, Learning Environment, Learning Outcomes
ANALISIS PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU PRODUKSI FURNITURE PADA PT. MITRA GRAHA SELARAS (MGS) CIPONDOH KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Widiarti Aniek , Abdilah Hafiz , Monika Angellia , Aulia Nova , Kamila Ghina Nuril , Agustin Nadia
Published: August 2024

Persediaan bahan baku adalah bahan dasar yang belum diproses yang disediakan perusahaan untuk kemudian digunakan dalam proses kegiatan produksi perusahaan. Bahan baku menjadi hal penting pada perusahaan produksi. Tujuan dari pengendalian persediaan bahan baku adalah untuk menekan biaya-biaya operasional seminimal mungkin sehingga kinerja dan keuntungan perusahaan lebih optimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dimana metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek yang alamiah. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi,wawancara dan studi literaratur. Pada PT.Mitra Graha Selaras menggunakan bahan baku kayu pensil dan meranti, untuk penggunan bahan baku kayu produksi dalam sehari sekitar 3 sebulan 72 dan satu tahun 864  dan metode untuk menghitung persediaan adalah fifo.
Pengaruh Lama Penyangraian Terhadap Karakteristik Organoleptik Kopi Non Kafein Dari Biji Kurma
Authors: Nawirah Nawirah , Hartati Hartati , Herman Herman
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama penyangraian terhadap karakteristik organoleptik kopi tanpa kafein dari biji kurma. Subjek penelitian adalah 3 juru masak, 5 siswa, dan 8 dari masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar tes hedonis. analisis data untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan analisis varians (Anova). Data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesukaan panelis terhadap warna kopi tanpa kafein dari biji kurma sangat pekat yang menunjukkan nilai rata-rata tertinggi (4,93), kesukaan panelis terhadap aroma kopi tanpa kafein dari biji kurma sangat harum yaitu menunjukkan nilai rata-rata. tertinggi (4,93), kesukaan panelis terhadap tekstur kopi tanpa kafein dari biji kurma yang sangat kental yang menunjukkan nilai rata-rata tertinggi (4,62), dan kesukaan panelis terhadap rasa kopi tanpa kafein dari biji kurma pahit yang menunjukkan nilai rata-rata. -rata-rata tertinggi 3,93
Mutu Kimia Teh Kulit Kopi Kering (Cascara) dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Berdasarkan Proses Pengeringan yang Berbeda
Authors: Wibisono Yossi , Handayani Anna Mardiana , Adhamatika Adhima , Ardhiarisca Oryza , Sari Elok Kurnia Novita , Haqqi Mohammad Izmaul
Published: August 2024

Kulit kopi (daging buah ceri) merupakan hasil samping pengolahan kopi yang berpotensi menjadi cascara (teh kulit kopi yang dikeringkan). Saat ini kulit kopi banyak digunakan untuk membuat teh cascara atau dalam bentuk minuman seduh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan teh kulit kopi kering (cascara) berdasarkan proses pengeringan yang berbeda (sinar matahari dan proses pengeringan kabinet). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pengeringan yang berbeda mempengaruhi kadar air, kadar fenol total, kadar tanin, kadar kafein dan aktivitas antioksidan pada sampel. Kadar air, kadar fenol total, kadar tanin dan kadar kafein cenderung menurun dengan pengeringan menggunakan mesin pengering kabinet. Aktivitas antioksidan sampel berada pada kategori IC50 sedang, berkisar antara 97,93 -141,91 ppm.
Toponymy of The Names of Neighborhoods in Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu City, Bengkulu Province
Authors: Putri Febriyanti  , Kasmantoni  , Heny Friantary
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to discuss the lexical and cultural meaning of naming villages in Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu City, Bengkulu Province, which includes 5 of the 13 existing Villages. This research categorizes them based on naming system aspects, (1) embodiment aspects, (2) social aspects, (3) cultural aspects. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The data source was obtained from the Traditional Chair of Pondok Besi Subdistrict and the Traditional Chair of Berkas Subdistrict. The data obtained was in the form of interview data in Teluk Segara District. The results of this research reveal that the toponymy of the names of sub-districts in Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu City consists of various categories, including water elements, community social interactions, flora, tangible elements, folklore, nature, settlement patterns, activities, landforms, and building.
Sistem Rekrutmen Tenaga Pendidik dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalitas Guru di MTs Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Tebuireng Jombang
Authors: Ulum Miftahul , Fauzi Mahmud
Published: August 2024

By procuring or recruiting educators at an educational institution, it is expected that an educational institution will get employees both in number and quality according to needs, so that the HR functions within an educational institution can be carried out effectively and efficiently and are able to bring up professional educators. This study aims to find out about the Education Personnel Recruitment System that is managed and handled by the Quality Assurance Agency in the Field of School/Madrasah Development in Improving Teacher Professionalism in MTs. Salafiyah Syafiâ€™iyah Tebuireng Jombang. In this study, there are three problems to be examined, namely: (1) How is the recruitment system for teaching staff in MTs. Salafiyah Syafiâ€™iyah Tebuireng Jombang?. (2) How to improve teacher professionalism in MTs. Salafiyah Syafiâ€™iyah Tebuireng Jombang?. (3) What are the factors that constrain teacher recruitment in MTs. Salafiyah Syafiâ€™iyah Tebuireng Jombang?. This type of research is a qualitative field study by collecting data about the Recruitment System of Education Personnel in Improving Teacher Professionalism in MTs. Salafiyah Syafiâ€™iyah Tebuireng Jombang, which is managed and handled by the Tebuireng Boarding School Quality Assurance Institute. The data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on data collected repeatedly with domain data analysis techniques, the researcher checks the validity of the data with triangulation of sources and techniques and uses reference materials such as cameras and voice recording devices. The results showed: (1) Recruitment should not be a trivial matter for an educational institution, but the recruitment of educators should be full of effective and efficient planning. (2) The institution always strives to develop teacher competencies so that teachers become professional educators, such as by providing local training at least every two years, and including general training and Teacher Competency Test or teacher character assessment. (3) Evaluating the implementation of recruitment in order to find out the existing constraints, so that the right solution can be found
Kepemimpinan Profetik dalam Menumbuhkan Karakter Peserta Didik
Authors: Falah Moh. Syamsul
Published: August 2024

The prophetic leadership model is a leadership model that is rarely studied. This leadership model is very suitable to be applied in various situations. Generally, the leadership model prioritizes scientific and experiential aspects only. Meanwhile, this prophetic leadership model requires a leader not only to have scientific and practical abilities, but also to have a strong faith or spirituality. This prophetic leadership is more attached to the uswah of the leader as the principal of the school, its ability which is driven from the aspects of high conscience and logic (intellectual intelligence) makes it easy for leaders to achieve success because what is dynamized is truth and intelligence. Such a leader's attitude makes motivation and inspiration for subordinates in shaping their character, including students in school. Based on the identification of the problems above, the researcher wants to answer the focus of the research question, namely how is prophetic leadership in fostering the character of students in school? The method of this research is conducted by library research as part of the qualitative research design. While data collection is carried out by researchers by collecting information that is relevant to the research context. This information can be obtained by researchers through books, scientific papers, and journals.
Pesan Moderasi Beragama M. Quraish Shihab dalam Channel Youtube Najwa Shihab Edisi Islam Wasathiyyah, Islam yang di Tengah
Authors: Jannah Rosyada Roihatul , Slamet Moh. , Suhari
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the message of religious moderation conveyed by M. Quraish Shihab on Najwa Shihab's YouTube channel with the theme of Wasathiyyah Islam, namely the Islamic concept that emphasizes the middle, balance, and tolerance. The purpose of this study is to explore a deeper understanding of how M. Quraish Shihab conveys messages of moderation in the context of the Islamic religion which are applied in everyday life. This research will use a qualitative approach with the Holsti theory content analysis method. The primary data sources obtained in this study were taken from YouTube video uploads of Najwa Shihab, Islam Wasathiyyah edition, Islam in the Middle and secondary data in the form of documents, books related to the object under study along with relevant previous research. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation and documentation as well as on data analysis techniques obtained from interviews, field notes and other materials. From the results of the analysis carried out by the researcher, the conclusion was in the form of a message of religious moderation conveyed by M. Quraish Shihab. As for the messages of religious moderation conveyed by M. Quraish Shihab on the Najwa Shihab Youtube channel, the Islam Wasathiyyah edition, Islam in the Middle is associated with the four pillars of religious moderation. The pillars include: Fairness, balance, tolerance and tawassuth.
Keyword: Message of Religios Moderation, Content Analysis, M. Quraish Shihab, Youtobe Social Media
Hadrah Sebagai Media Dakwah Dalam Meningkatkan Perilaku Keagamaan Pemuda Majlis Ta’lim Arafah Bojonggede Bogor
Authors: Farhat Sauri Ahmad , Masruroh Sayidah Afyatul
Published: August 2024

Abstract— This study explores the impact of hadrah as a means of Islamic propagation in enhancing the religious behavior of youth in Majlis Ta'lim Arafah Bojonggede, Bogor. Majlis Ta'lim Arafah Bojonggede is a regular activity of the local community, often conducted more frequently than special gatherings for Islamic students, with the main events usually held on Friday evenings and during major Islamic holidays. The implementation of hadrah as a means of Islamic propagation involves several concrete steps, such as integration into events, training and practice, Islamic content in hadrah, empowerment of youth, and evaluation. The impact of hadrah is evident in the increased enthusiasm for Islamic propagation, the positive psychological reception of messages, and its significance in shaping Islamic behavior. In the context of Edward L. Deci's theory of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, it is found that intrinsic motivation, stemming from internal satisfaction, and extrinsic motivation, stemming from external factors, mutually influence each other in enhancing engagement and Islamic behavior. In conclusion, hadrah as a means of Islamic propagation can significantly contribute to enhancing the religious behavior of youth, with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation playing a crucial role in this process.
Keywords: Hadrah, Islamic propagation, Religious behavior, Intrinsic motivation, Extrinsic motivation
Menumbuhkembangkan Minat dan Budaya Menulis Karya Ilmiah di Kalangan Siswa-Siswi SMK Link and Match, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten
Authors: Syamruddin Syamruddin , Kamsidik Kamsidik
Published: August 2024

Community Service Activities (PkM) in the form of Scientific Writing Writing Training for Link and Match Vocational School Students, South Tangerang City, Banten aims to help students write good and quality scientific papers. Training is carried out using mentoring methods, discussions, workshops and technical guidance (bimtek) in writing scientific papers in accordance with existing standards. The results of the training showed that the abilities of the students who participated in the training were good. Based on a brief assessment carried out by the resource person, it can be concluded that the participants' ability to write scientific papers is good. Even though there are notes for some participants that are still lacking, from the aspect of the standards for writing scientific papers it can be said to have met them. This is certainly very encouraging because the material presented during the training can be digested and understood by participants well, so they can put it into practice when writing scientific papers.  In terms of quantity, the number of scientific papers produced by participants during the training varies. There were participants who were able to write two papers, but there were also those who did not complete one paper. This output will later be used as material and input in perfecting training methods and techniques in subsequent activities.
Comparative analysis of metagenomic and targeted next-generation sequencing for pathogens diagnosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens
Authors: Sun Weijie , Zheng Lin , Kang Le , Chen Chen , Wang Likai , Lu Lingling , Wang Feng
Published: August 2024

Background

Although the emerging NGS-based assays, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), have been extensively utilized for the identification of pathogens in pulmonary infections, there have been limited studies systematically evaluating differences in the efficacy of mNGS and multiplex PCR-based tNGS in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens.

Methods

In this study, 85 suspected infectious BALF specimens were collected. Parallel mNGS and tNGS workflows to each sample were performed; then, we comparatively compared their consistency in detecting pathogens. The differential results for clinically key pathogens were confirmed using PCR.

Results

The microbial detection rates of BALF specimens by the mNGS and tNGS workflows were 95.18% (79/83) and 92.77% (77/83), respectively, with no significant difference. mNGS identified 55 different microorganisms, whereas tNGS detected 49 pathogens. The comparative analysis of mNGS and tNGS revealed that 86.75% (72/83) of the specimens were complete or partial concordance. Particularly, mNGS and tNGS differed significantly in detection rates for some of the human herpesviruses only, including Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (P<0.001), Human betaherpesvirus 7 (P<0.001), Human betaherpesvirus 5 (P<0.05) and Human betaherpesvirus 6 (P<0.01), in which tNGS always had higher detection rates. Orthogonal testing of clinically critical pathogens showed a total coincidence rate of 50% for mNGS and PCR, as well as for tNGS and PCR.

Conclusions

Overall, the performance of mNGS and multiplex PCR-based tNGS assays was similar for bacteria and fungi, and tNGS may be superior to mNGS for the detection of DNA viruses. No significant differences were seen between the two NGS assays compared to PCR.
miR-3529-3p/ABCA1 axis regulates smooth muscle cell homeostasis by enhancing inflammation via JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Wang Tingyu , Yu You , Ding Yinglong , Yang Ziying , Jiang Shumin , Gao Faxiong , Liu Shan , Shao Lianbo , Shen Zhenya
Published: August 2024

Background

Thoracic Aortic Dissection (TAD) is a life-threatening disease without effective drug treatments. The disruption of HASMCs homeostasis is one direct histopathologic alteration in TAD pathological process. Several miRNAs have been shown abnormally expressed in TAD and to regulate HASMCs homeostasis. The primary goal of this study is to identify the miRNAs and the specific mechanisms that lead to HASMCs homeostasis disruption.

Methods

Bulk miRNA sequencing was performed to explore the aberrantly expressed miRNA profile in TAD, and differentially expressed miRNAs were verified with qRT-PCR. To explore the role of the key miRNAs (miR-3529) in HASMCs homeostasis, we overexpressed this miRNA with lentivirus in HASMCs. Integrative transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis were used to uncover the functional roles of this miRNA in regulating HASMCs homeostasis. Further, the target gene of miR-3529 was predicted by bioinformatics and verified through a dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results

Bulk miRNA sequencing showed miR-3529 was elevated in TAD tissues and confirmed by qRT-PCR. Further experimental assay revealed miR-3529 upregulation induced HASMCs homeostasis disruption, accompanied by reducing contractile markers and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Integrative transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis showed that miR-3529 overexpression altered the metabolic profile of HASMC, particularly lipid metabolism. ABCA1 was found to be a direct target of miR-3529. Mechanistically, the miR-3529/ABCA1 axis disrupted HASMCs homeostasis through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Conclusions

miR-3529 is elevated in TAD patients and disrupts HASMCs homeostasis by reprogramming metabolism through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings favor a role for miR-3529 as a novel target for TAD therapy.
Four hours with dad, but 10 minutes with mom: variations in young children's media use and limits based on parent gender and child temperament
Authors: Reich Stephanie M. , Mayfield Keiana T. , Krager Aubree , Franza Deborah , Martin Esmeralda , Cabrera Natasha
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Research on children's media use has disproportionately focused on maternal reports of use. As such, we know little about how mothers' and fathers' reports of children's media use align, how such reports might be related to parental beliefs about the benefits of media for children, or the potential differential impact of child characteristics, such as temperament and gender.

Method

Using a sample of 210 low-to-moderate income, racially and ethnically diverse families, we asked new mothers and fathers about their child's media use and limits at 9, 18 and 24 months of age.

Results

On average, reports of co-use of media, children's use of media alone, exposure to background television, diversity of daily media use, and use of media for behavior management did not significantly differ between mothers and fathers and were moderately correlated, r(df) = 0.2–0.7. However, comparisons within dyads found that parents did not often agree on their child's media use. Couples also tended to report different limitations on use, with fathers reporting much larger time limits. For both mothers and fathers, stronger beliefs in the benefits of media when children were infants were predictive of more reported media use at 24 months. Infant negative emotionality was predictive of the use of media for behavior management for both mothers and fathers, and for other types of media use for fathers.

Conclusion

Parents of the same child reported media use over the first two years differently, which may indicate informant effects in media research or actual differences in young children's media use with each parent. Given the risks of media use in early childhood to displace important developmental processes, understanding young children's media use within the family system is important.
Impacts of climate change and best management practices on nitrate loading to a eutrophic coastal lagoon
Authors: Oliver Alexandra C. , Kurylyk Barret L. , Johnston Lindsay H. , LeRoux Nicole K. , Somers Lauren D. , Jamieson Rob. C.
Published: August 2024

Anthropogenic climate change and associated increasing nutrient loading to coasts will worsen coastal eutrophication on a global scale. Basin Head is a coastal lagoon located in northeastern Prince Edward Island, Canada, with a federally protected ecosystem. Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) is conveyed from agricultural fields in the watershed to the eutrophic lagoon via intertidal groundwater springs and groundwater-dominated tributaries. A field program focused on four main tributaries that discharge into the lagoon was conducted to measure year-round NO3-N loading. These measurements were used to calibrate a SWAT+ hydrologic model capable of simulating hydrologic and NO3-N loads to the lagoon. Several climate change scenarios incorporating different agricultural best management practices (BMPs) were simulated to better understand potential future NO3-N loading dynamics. Results indicate that all climate change scenarios produced increased annual NO3-N loading to the lagoon when comparing historical (1990–2020) to end of century time periods (2070–2100); however, only one climate scenario (MRI-ESM2-0 SSP5-8.5) resulted in a statistically significant (p-value <0.05) increase. Enlarged buffer strips and delayed tillage BMP simulations produced small (0%–8%) effects on loading, while changing the crop rotation from potato-barley-clover to potato-soybean-barley yielded a small reduction in NO3-N loading between the historical period and the end of the century (26%–33%). Modeling revealed changes in seasonal loading dynamics under climate change where NO3-N loads remained more consistent throughout the year as opposed to current conditions where the dominant load is in the spring. An increase in baseflow contributions to streamflow was also noted under climate change, with the largest change occurring in the winter (e.g., up to a five-fold increase in February). These findings have direct implications for coastal management in groundwater-dominated agricultural watersheds in a changing climate.
Enhanced and cross-reactive in vitro memory B cell response against Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Marti Zoe , Ruder Josefine , Thomas Olivia G. , Bronge Mattias , De La Parra Soto Lorenzo , Grönlund Hans , Olsson Tomas , Martin Roland
Published: August 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prototypical autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to CD4+ T cells, memory B cells are now recognized as a critical cell type in the disease. This is underlined by the fact that the best-characterized environmental risk factor for MS is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which can infect and persist in memory B cells throughout life. Several studies have identified changes in anti-EBV immunity in patients with MS. Examples include elevated titers of anti-EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) antibodies, interactions of these with the MS-associated HLA-DR15 haplotype, and molecular mimicry with MS autoantigens like myelin basic protein (MBP), anoctamin-2 (ANO2), glial cell adhesion molecule (GlialCAM), and alpha-crystallin B (CRYAB). In this study, we employ a simple in vitro assay to examine the memory B cell antibody repertoire in MS patients and healthy controls. We replicate previous serological data from MS patients demonstrating an increased secretion of anti-EBNA1380-641 IgG in cell culture supernatants, as well as a positive correlation of these levels with autoantibodies against GlialCAM262-416 and ANO21-275. For EBNA1380-641 and ANO21-275, we provide additional evidence suggesting antibody cross-reactivity between the two targets. Further, we show that two efficacious MS treatments – natalizumab (NAT) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) – are associated with distinct changes in the EBNA1-directed B cell response and that these alterations can be attributed to the unique mechanisms of action of these therapies. Using an in vitro system, our study confirms MS-associated changes in the anti-EBNA1 memory B cell response, EBNA1380-641 antibody cross-reactivity with ANO21-275, and reveals treatment-associated changes in the immunoglobulin repertoire in MS.
mRNA-1273 vaccination induces polyfunctional memory CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in patients with solid cancers undergoing immunotherapy or/and chemotherapy
Authors: Gangaev Anastasia , van Sleen Yannick , Brandhorst Nicole , Hoefakker Kelly , Prajapati Bimal , Singh Amrita , Boerma Annemarie , van der Heiden Marieke , Oosting Sjoukje F. , van der Veldt Astrid A. M. , Hiltermann T. Jeroen N. , GeurtsvanKessel Corine H. , Dingemans Anne-Marie C. , Smit Egbert F. , de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Haanen John B. A. G. , Kvistborg Pia , van Baarle Debbie
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Research has confirmed the safety and comparable seroconversion rates following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with solid cancers. However, the impact of cancer treatment on vaccine-induced T cell responses remains poorly understood.

Methods

In this study, we expand on previous findings within the VOICE trial by evaluating the functional and phenotypic composition of mRNA-1273-induced T cell responses in patients with solid tumors undergoing immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or both, compared to individuals without cancer. We conducted an ELISpot analysis on 386 participants to assess spike-specific T cell responses 28 days after full vaccination. Further in-depth characterization of using flow cytometry was performed on a subset of 63 participants to analyze the functional phenotype and differentiation state of spike-specific T cell responses.

Results

ELISpot analysis showed robust induction of spike-specific T cell responses across all treatment groups, with response rates ranging from 75% to 80%. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a distinctive cytokine production pattern across cohorts, with CD4 T cells producing IFNγ, TNF, and IL-2, and CD8 T cells producing IFNγ, TNF, and CCL4. Variations were observed in the proportion of monofunctional CD4 T cells producing TNF, particularly higher in individuals without cancer and patients treated with chemotherapy alone, while those treated with immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy predominantly produced IFNγ. Despite these differences, polyfunctional spike-specific memory CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were comparable across cohorts. Notably, immunotherapy-treated patients exhibited an expansion of spike-specific CD4 T cells with a terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype.

Discussion

These findings demonstrate that systemic treatment in patients with solid tumors does not compromise the quality of polyfunctional mRNA-1273-induced T cell responses. This underscores the importance of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid cancers undergoing systemic treatment.
Contribution of kelp dashi liquid to sustainable maintenance of taste sensation and promotion of healthy eating in older adults throughout the umami-taste salivary reflex
Authors: Satoh-Kuriwada Shizuko , Gotoh Satoshi , Shoji Noriaki , Uneyama Hisayuki , Komai Michio
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Taste decline, including taste loss in older adults, leads to malnutrition and frailty. In a super-aging society, improving taste decline and maintaining taste sensation are crucial for the wellbeing of older adults. Hyposalivation frequently affects older individuals and is the leading cause of taste decline in older adults. Treating taste decline, including taste loss, in older adults presents challenges due to the limited sustainable methods for increasing saliva production, except for drug therapy, which may lead to adverse effects. Umami-taste stimulation results in a prolonged increase in both the whole salivary flow rate (WF), more than 90% of which is secreted from the major salivary glands, and the minor salivary gland flow rate (MF) in healthy volunteers through the umami-taste salivary reflex. We hypothesized that umami-rich kelp dashi liquid (KDL), commonly used in Japanese cuisine, may alleviate taste decline and sustain normal taste sensation in older adults with hyposalivation. This study investigated whether KDL stimulation could improve taste decline.

Materials and methods

A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted at the dental department of a university hospital, involving those who presented with dry mouth between May 2017 and December 2021. Before and after repeated KDL stimulation, characteristics like changes in WF and MF, the recognition thresholds (RTs) for five basic tastes, and subjective eating and swallowing difficulties were assessed. Statistical comparisons were performed between the values measured before and after KDL stimulation.

Result

A total of 35 older patients were included. Patients with reduced MF and with or without reduced WF exhibited umami-taste loss. Repeated stimulation with KDL increased MF and WF and improved taste loss, including umami, decreased RTs, and normalized each taste. Furthermore, subjective taste impairment, subjective eating and swallowing difficulties, and burning sensations in the oral mucosa were alleviated.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that KDL stimulation improved umami-taste loss and normalized each taste sensation, further alleviating eating difficulties via the umami-taste salivary reflex. Importantly, umami-taste loss was also observed in patients with normal WF but decreased MF, who are typically not diagnosed with hyposalivation. Therefore, KDL has the potential to sustain taste sensations and promote healthy eating habits in older individuals.
Cognitive frailty in relation to vitamin B12 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in an elderly population: a cross-sectional study from NHANES
Authors: Pan Yu , Tang Xue Yin , Yang Juan , Feng Zhu Qing , Yuan Yan , Jiang Yi , Hu Gui Ming , Dong Jiang Chuan
Published: August 2024

Background

Nutritional support has been identified as a potential intervention for cognitive frailty; however, the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D], vitamin B12, and cognitive frailty remains ambiguous.

Methods

This study utilized data from two cycles (2011–2012, 2013–2014) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate this relationship. The researchers constructed a 41-item frailty index encompassing diverse aspects of physical functioning, psychological evaluation, and medical conditions, and evaluated each participant individually. The study utilized Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and univariate ordered logistic regression to assess the relationships between variables and cognitive frailty. Recursive feature elimination and cross-validation methods were employed to identify the most influential variables for building and optimizing multivariate ordered logistic regression models. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were further conducted to validate the identified correlations.

Results

The findings of this study confirm a negative linear correlation between 25-(OH)D levels and cognitive frailty in older adults. Specifically, a one-unit increase in 25-(OH)D levels was associated with a 12% reduction in the risk of cognitive frailty. The result was further supported by subgroup analyses and interaction tests.

Conclusion

The existence of a negatively correlated linear association between 25-(OH)D levels and cognitive frailty in older adults is plausible, but further rigorously designed longitudinal studies are necessary to validate this relationship.
Transition of patients with Gaucher disease type 1 from pediatric to adult care: results from two international surveys of patients and health care professionals
Authors: Stepien Karolina M. , Žnidar Irena , Kieć-Wilk Beata , Jones Angel , Castillo-García Daniela , Abdelwahab Magy , Revel-Vilk Shoshana , Lineham Ella , Hughes Derralynn , Ramaswami Uma , Collin-Histed Tanya
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare, autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. The most common subtype in Europe and the USA, type 1 (GD1), is characterized by fatigue, cytopenia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, bone disease, and rarely pulmonary disease. Increased life expectancy brought about by improved treatments has led to new challenges for adolescents and their transition to adult care. Efficient healthcare transition to adult care is essential to manage the long-term age-related complications of the disease.

Methods

This international study consisted of two online surveys: one survey for patients with GD1 and one survey for healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in treatment of patients with GD1. The aims of this international, multi-center project were to evaluate the current transition process in various countries and to understand the challenges that both HCPs and patients experience.

Results

A total of 45 patients and 26 HCPs took part in the survey, representing 26 countries. Our data showed that a third (11/33) of patients were aware of transition clinics and most stated that the clinic involved patients with metabolic diseases or with GD. Seven patients attended a transition clinic, where most patients (5/7) received an explanation of the transition process. Approximately half of HCPs (46%; 12/26) had a transition clinic coordinator in their healthcare center, and 10 of HCPs had a transition clinic for patients with metabolic diseases in their healthcare center. HCPs reported that transition clinics were comprised of multi-disciplinary teams, with most patients over the age of 18 years old managed by hematology specialists. The main challenges of the transition process reported by HCPs included limited funding, lack of expertise and difficulty coordinating care amongst different specialties.

Discussion

Our study demonstrates the lack of a standardized process, the need to raise awareness of transition clinics amongst patients and the differences between the transition process in different countries. Both patients and HCPs expressed the need for a specialist individual responsible for transition, efficient coordination between pediatricians and adult specialists and for patient visits to the adult center prior to final transition of care.