bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Micropaleoecology Framework: Evaluating Biotic Responses to Global Change Through Paleoproxy, Microfossil, and Ecological Data Integration
Authors: Woodhouse Adam , Swain Anshuman , Smith Jansen A. , Sibert Elizabeth C. , Lam Adriane R. , Dunne Jennifer A. , Auderset Alexandra
Published: October 2024

The microfossil record contains abundant, diverse, and well‐preserved fossils spanning multiple trophic levels from primary producers to apex predators. In addition, microfossils often constitute and are preserved in high abundances alongside continuous high‐resolution geochemical proxy records. These characteristics mean that microfossils can provide valuable context for understanding the modern climate and biodiversity crises by allowing for the interrogation of spatiotemporal scales well beyond what is available in neo‐ecological research. Here, we formalize a research framework of “micropaleoecology,” which builds on a holistic understanding of global change from the environment to ecosystem level. Location: Global. Time period: Neoproterozoic‐Phanerozoic. Taxa studied: Fossilizing organisms/molecules. Our framework seeks to integrate geochemical proxy records with microfossil records and metrics, and draws on mechanistic models and systems‐level statistical analyses to integrate disparate records. Using multiple proxies and mechanistic mathematical frameworks extends analysis beyond traditional correlation‐based studies of paleoecological associations and builds a greater understanding of past ecosystem dynamics. The goal of micropaleoecology is to investigate how environmental changes impact the component and emergent properties of ecosystems through the integration of multi‐trophic level body fossil records (primarily using microfossils, and incorporating additional macrofossil data where possible) with contemporaneous environmental (biogeochemical, geochemical, and sedimentological) records. Micropaleoecology, with its focus on integrating ecological metrics within the context of paleontological records, facilitates a deeper understanding of the response of ecosystems across time and space to better prepare for a future Earth under threat from anthropogenic climate change.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) in a Wide pH Range by Two New Isopolymolybdate‐Based Ni(II)‐Complexes
Authors: Zhang Chao‐Nan , Zhang Zhong , Wang Xiu‐Li
Published: October 2024

The development of new catalytic materials for the fast and efficient photocatalytic reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to less toxic Cr(III) across a wide pH range of water environment has become one of the most challenging topics. Herein, two new isopolymolybdate‐based Ni(II)‐complexes [NiII(bcbpy)2(β‐Mo8O26)0.5 (H2O)] ⋅ 4H2O (BHU‐5) and [NiII(bcbpy)2[θ‐Mo8O26)0.5] ⋅ 4H2O (BHU‐6, Hbcbpy=1‐(4‐carboxybenzyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium) were synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction with the mixture of Na2MoO4 ⋅ 2H2O, NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O and HbcbpyCl ligands. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis displays that BHU‐5 and BHU‐6 contain binuclear nickel‐bcbpy units, which in association with different isopolymolybdates, and forming distinct 1D chain and 2D layer network structures, respectively. When used as photocatalysts for the reduction of Cr(VI), BHU‐5 and BHU‐6 exhibited distinct photocatalytic activities, achieving Cr(VI) removal efficiencies of 92 % and 98 % under visible light irradiation within 45 min. These efficiencies surpass those of the pristine HbcbpyCl, Na2MoO4 ⋅ 2H2O, NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O and most reported polymolybdate‐based catalysts. Moreover, BHU‐5 and BHU‐6 demonstrated high efficiencies in removing Cr(VI) and maintained high structural stability across a wide pH range of 3.5–11.5. The influence of different structures on catalytic efficiency was further studied. The photocatalytic mechanism and reaction kinetics were investigated in detail.
Development, implementation, and evaluation of a 3D‐printed high‐fidelity pediatric mannequin with expected hard‐to‐intubate airway
Authors: Puggelli Luca , Mencarelli Marta , Serio Paola , Furferi Rocco , Amoretti Francesca , Volpe Yary
Published: November 2024

Clinical simulation is fundamental for the healthcare staff to learn and enhance their procedural skills without causing harm to the patients. Despite its importance, in literature appears a deficiency of pediatric pathological mannequins, especially those simulating difficult airway management due to the obstruction of the passage of tubes, fiberscopes, or catheters. Given the importance of simulating complex scenarios in the medical staff's training, the authors decided to realize a modular high‐fidelity pathological mannequin with nasal access using reverse engineering and additive manufacturing techniques within T3Ddy, a joint laboratory between Meyer Children's Hospital of Florence and the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Florence. The mannequin is developed from diagnostic images of a significant 30‐month‐old polymalformative patient also affected by Pierre‐Robin syndrome modifying the tracheobronchial tree to reproduce an abnormal status. Rigid parts and silicone cast molds are manufactured using 3D‐printed ABS/ASA while platinum‐cure‐silicones are used for the soft ones. Meyer's anesthesiologists collaborated to the realization providing feedback during design and production. The device is evaluated with a 5‐point Likert scale questionnaire and results in a useful tool for the training of procedural skills related to difficult intubation as its realism, anatomical geometry, and tactic feedback are positively evaluated.
Optimizing Heat Transfer in Heat Pipes Using Hybrid Nanofluids With Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Alumina
Authors: Dhairiyasamy Ratchagaraja , Gabiriel Deepika
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the thermal performance of heat pipes using hybrid nanofluids composed of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. The aim was to assess the effects of nanoparticle concentration (0.1%–0.5%), filling ratio (60%–90%), heat input (50–80 W), and inclination angle (0°–90°) on thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient (HTC). Hybrid nanofluids were prepared using ultrasonic homogenization, and their stability was confirmed by zeta potential analysis, showing a reduction from −60 to −48 mV over 30 days. Experimental results revealed that the thermal resistance decreased with increasing filling ratio and inclination angle, reaching a minimum of 0.80 K/W at a 90° angle, 90% filling ratio, and 80 W heat input. Similarly, the overall HTC increased with these parameters, peaking at 2250 W/m2 K under the same conditions. At a 0.5% nanoparticle concentration, the HTC improved by up to 40% compared with conventional fluids. The thermal conductivity of the hybrid nanofluid also rose significantly, from 0.7 W/m K at 30°C to 1.5 W/m K at 90°C, outperforming distilled water. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid nanofluids to enhance heat pipe efficiency, particularly in high‐power applications, by optimizing nanoparticle concentration, filling ratio, and inclination angle.
Gender messages in girls' puberty books: A focus on parent representation
Authors: Carter Rona , Pitts Jessica , Park Joonyoung
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study provides an ethnographic lens to understand gender messages in girls' puberty books, focusing on the representation of parents in both text and images.

Methods

A content and thematic analysis was performed on 22 children's books on girls' pubertal development drawn from Amazon bestselling books on Children's Health & Maturing.

Results

Content analysis results demonstrated an imbalance in the representation of parents in books about girls' pubertal development. Mothers appeared and were mentioned in the text significantly more than fathers. Mothers relative to fathers also were depicted significantly more in illustrations with positive expressions (e.g., smiling) while talking or interacting with their daughters. Fathers were under‐represented and portrayed as relatively stoic actors with no clear role in preparing their daughters for puberty. Thematic analysis of the books reinforced and challenged gender norms and expectations. While mothers were observed as the primary source of support during this transition, some books emphasized fathers' valuable role in advocating for their daughters' well‐being and fostering open communication.

Conclusions

Implications for girls' gender role development are discussed.
Preclinical Evaluation of Protective Effects of Terpenoids Against Nanomaterial‐Induced Toxicity: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sun Yuexiao , Zhou Yang , Xie Dongli , Wang Xuejiao , Wang Ya , Liang Yunxia , Luo Xiaogang
Published: October 2024

Terpenoids, the largest class of natural products, have been demonstrated to confer antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, and antitumor activities. However, whether terpenoids benefit populations exposed to nanomaterials through these mechanisms remains unclear. This meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effects of terpenoids in preclinical models with nanomaterial exposure. Electronic database searching identified 39 studies. The meta‐analysis by Stata 15.0 showed that terpenoid supplementation significantly improved cell viability and altered oxidative stress (decreased ROS, NO, MDA, and TOC and increased SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, GSH‐Px, and TAC)–, inflammation (decreased IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, NF‐κB, monocytes, and increased IL‐10)–, apoptosis (reduced Bax, caspase‐3, caspase‐9, P53, and elevated Bcl‐2)–, genotoxic (reduced tail length, % tail DNA, tail moment, DNA fragmentation, chromosomal aberration, and MNPCEs)–, liver function (reduced ALT, AST, and ALP)–, renal function (reduced creatinine, urea, and uric acid)–, reproductive function (increased sperm count, testosterone, Johnsen's score, and number of progeny)–, lipid profile (lower cholesterol, TG, LDL, and higher HDL)–, and carcinogenesis (downregulated AFP and CEA)–related biomarkers induced by nanomaterials. Subgroup analysis indicated that monoterpenoids and tetraterpenoids were particularly effective. Collectively, terpenoids may be a promising candidate for prevention of toxicities caused by nanomaterials.
Navigating the Roadblocks: Progress and Challenges in Cell‐Based Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Chhabra Lakshay , Pandey Rajeev Kumar , Kumar Rajiv , Sundar Shyam , Mehrotra Sanjana
Published: November 2024

Cell‐based therapies represent a major advancement in the treatment and management of HIV/AIDS, with a goal to overcome the limitations of traditional antiretroviral therapy (ART). These innovative approaches not only promise a functional cure by reconstructing the immune landscape but also address the persistent viral reservoirs. For example, stem cell therapies have emerged from the foundational success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in curing HIV infection in a limited number of cases. B cell therapies make use of genetically modified B cells constitutively expressing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against target viral particles and infected cells. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT), including TCR‐T therapy, CAR‐T cells, NK‐CAR cells, and DC‐based therapy, is adapted from cancer immunotherapy and repurposed for HIV eradication. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms through which these engineered cells recognize and destroy HIV‐infected cells, the modification strategies, and their role in sustaining remission in the absence of ART. The review also addresses the challenges to cell‐based therapies against HIV and discusses the recent advancements aimed at overcoming them.
Shikonin Stimulates Mitochondria‐Mediated Apoptosis by Enhancing Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Production and DNA Damage in Oral Cancer Cells
Authors: Biswal Stuti , Panda Munmun , Biswal Bijesh Kumar
Published: November 2024

Phytotherapy has rendered a new insight towards the treatment of various cancers, including oral cancer with fewer side effects, over the traditional chemotherapeutic drugs to overcome chemoresistance. Shikonin (Shk) is a natural biologically active alkaloid found in the Lithospermum erythrorhizon plant's root. It has potent cytotoxic activities against various cancers. Our study revealed the release time and anticancer potential of Shk on the SCC9 and H357 oral cancer cell lines. We investigated the antiproliferative, antimigratory, cell cycle arresting and apoptosis promoting activity of Shk in oral cancer cells by performing MTT and morphological assay, colony, and tumor sphere formation assay, AO/EtBr and DAPI staining, Annexin V‐FITC/PI staining, assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) measurement, comet assay, qRT‐PCR, and western blot analysis. We also checked the interaction of DNA and Shk by docking and CD spectroscopy and EtBr displacement assay. As a result, we found that Shk reduced the viability, proliferation, and tumorigenicity of SCC9 and H357 cells in a time and concentration‐dependent manner. We obtained half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 0.5 µM for SCC9 and 1.25 µM for H357. It promotes apoptosis via overexpressing proapoptotic Bax and caspase 3 via enhancing ROS that leads to MMP depletion and DNA damage and arrests cells at the G2/M & G2/S phase. The antimigratory activity of Shk was performed by analyzing the expression of markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition like E‐cadherin, ZO‐1, N‐cadherin, and vimentin. These overall results recommended that Shk shows potent anticancer activity against oral cancer cell lines in both in vitro and ex vivo conditions. So, it could be an excellent agent for the treatment of oral cancer.
Probing the Molecular Basis of Aminoacyl‐Adenylate Affinity With Mycobacterium tuberculosis Leucyl‐tRNA Synthetase Employing Molecular Dynamics, Umbrella Sampling Simulations and Site‐Directed Mutagenesis
Authors: Volynets Galyna P. , Gudzera Olga I. , Usenko Mariia O. , Gorbatiuk Oksana B. , Bdzhola Volodymyr G. , Kotey Igor M. , Balanda Anatoliy O. , Prykhod'ko Andrii O. , Lukashov Sergiy S. , Chuk Oleksiy A. , Skydanovych Oleksandra I. , Yaremchuk Ganna D. , Yarmoluk Sergiy M. , Tukalo Michael A.
Published: October 2024

Leucyl‐tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) is clinically validated molecular target for antibiotic development. Recently, we have reported several classes of small‐molecular inhibitors targeting aminoacyl‐adenylate binding site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis LeuRS with antibacterial activity. In this work, we performed in silico site‐directed mutagenesis of M. tuberculosis LeuRS synthetic site in order to identify the most critical amino acid residues for the interaction with substrate and prove binding modes of inhibitors. We carried out 20‐ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and used umbrella sampling (US) method for the calculation of the binding free energy (ΔGb) of leucyl‐adenylate with wild‐type and mutated forms of LeuRS. According to molecular modeling results, it was found that His89, Tyr93, and Glu660 are essential amino acid residues both for aminoacyl‐adenylate affinity and hydrogen bond formation. We have selected His89 for experimental site‐directed mutagenesis since according to our previous molecular docking results this amino acid residue was predicted to be important for inhibitor interaction in adenine‐binding region. We obtained recombinant mutant M. tuberculosis LeuRS H89A. Using aminoacylation assay we have found that the mutation of His89 to Ala in the active site of M. tuberculosis LeuRS results in significant decrease of inhibitory activity for compounds belonging to three different chemical classes—3‐phenyl‐5‐(1‐phenyl‐1H‐[1,2,3]triazol‐4‐yl)‐[1,2,4]oxadiazoles, N‐benzylidene‐N′‐thiazol‐2‐yl‐hydrazines, and 1‐oxo‐1H‐isothiochromene‐3‐carboxylic acid (4‐phenyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl)‐amide derivatives. Therefore, the interaction with His89 should be taken into account during further M. tuberculosis LeuRS inhibitors development and optimization.
Comparative Analysis of Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of 3D‐Printed Polyamide using Material Extrusion and Powder Bed Fusion Process with Industrial and Desktop Printers
Authors: Told Roland , Kardos Kinga , Paari‐Molnar Emese , Szabo Gabor , Ujfalusi Zoltan , Sahai Nitin , Szabo Peter , Maroti Peter
Published: October 2024

Polyamide (PA) has excellent mechanical properties, making it versatile in various applications, including 3D printing. This paper comprehensively investigates and compares the mechanical, structural, thermal, and geometric properties of 3D‐printed PA12 samples produced with desktop and industrial printers using material extrusion (MEX) and powder bed fusion (PBF) processes. The mechanical tests included tensile, flexural, Charpy impact, Shore hardness, torsion, and water absorption tests. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and melt volume rate (MVR) measurements are conducted. To verify printing accuracy from a biomedical perspective, 3D‐printed prosthetic fingers are subjected to geometric assessments. Industrial PBF samples show significantly higher values for most mechanical properties, including a tensile Young's modulus of 1776 ± 19.42 MPa, while the second highest value is 1419 ± 58.77 MPa (MEX desktop). Furthermore, the MVR of the PBF industrial samples is the highest (18.34 cm3/10 min ± 2.32 cm3/10 min) and this printer exhibits superior performance in printing accuracy than the other printers. The balanced print quality and mechanics make the PBF industrial printer the most recommended for medical device production, but lower‐priced desktop FFF printers can be a good alternative for simple, fast solutions that do not require high precision.
Side Illumination Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Twisted End‐Emitting Polymer Optical Fiber Bundles
Authors: Zhang Xiuling , Yang Kai , Kremenakova Dana , Militky Jiri
Published: October 2024

Polymer optical fibers (POFs), including side‐emitting POF (SEPOF) and end‐emitting POF (EEPOF) are developed for luminous textiles. The SEPOF is more common for usage but suffers from significant intensity decay, which limits its effective usage length. In contrast, the EEPOF can provide a much more stable side illumination behavior than SEPOF since the light is largely confined within the EEPOF, while its side illumination requires special treatment. In this work, 0.5 mm diameter EEPOFs were firstly assembled into bundles with 10 EEPOFs (B10) and 15 EEPOFs (B15), and then twisted. The morphology, tensile properties, and side illumination behavior of the twisted EEPOF bundles are evaluated. With an increased twisting degree, the initial modulus of twisted sample B10 increases (due to shortening of bundle diameter) from 1.06 to 1.17 GPa while the initial modulus of twisted sample B15 decreases from 1.01 to 0.91 GPa. The increased twisting degree also results in the higher flexibility (indirectly connected with modulus) of the twisted EEPOF bundles. Besides, the increased twisting degree results in a higher side illumination intensity meantime causes a decreased side illumination intensity along the light penetration path. When the twisting degree is low (e.g., 10 T m−1), the highest decrease rate of side illumination intensity along the light penetration path is found.
Engaging Consumers With Virtual Reality: A Moderation Role of Product Types and Consumption Orientations
Authors: Lee Sol , Choi Kyungdon , Kim Minki
Published: November 2024

Exploring virtual reality as an innovative marketing channel, this study investigates its impact on consumer engagement across the consumer journey, highlighting the influence of product types and consumption orientations. Despite the growing interest in and integration of virtual reality in retail, there is a lack of detailed understanding of how businesses can effectively deploy virtual reality to improve consumer interactions, particularly on online platforms. We adopted the Difference‐in‐Differences approach with the Propensity Score Matching technique to analyze clickstream data from approximately 3800 students, collected by the education company through quasi‐experimental methods. We find that environment‐replicating virtual reality significantly enhances engagement throughout the consumer journey, with increased visits, clicks, and conversions. Consistent with the Benefit Congruency Framework, this effect is more pronounced for hedonic products designed for pleasure and entertainment, demonstrating virtual reality's capacity to heighten experiential enjoyment. However, environment‐replicating virtual reality's potential to offer immersive experiences can also introduce unintended inconvenience, particularly for consumers who are more focused on practical benefits. The integration of real‐world elements may detract from the convenience of online environments. Therefore, our results provide managerial implications for virtual environment design and consumer targeting strategies to enhance consumer experience and engagement.
Raman spectroscopy on dried blood plasma allows diagnosis and monitoring of colorectal cancer
Authors: Morasso Carlo , Daveri Elena , Bonizzi Arianna , Truffi Marta , Colombo Francesco , Danelli Piergiorgio , Albasini Sara , Rivoltini Licia , Mazzucchelli Serena , Sorrentino Luca , Corsi Fabio
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains challenging to diagnose, necessitating the identification of a noninvasive biomarker that can differentiate it from other conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and diverticular disease (DD). Raman spectroscopy (RS) stands out as a promising technique for monitoring blood biochemical profiles, with the potential to identify distinct signatures identifying CRC subjects. We performed RS analysis on dried plasma from 120 subjects: 32 CRC patients, 37 IBD patients, 20 DD patients, and 31 healthy controls. We also conducted longitudinal studies of CRC patient's postsurgery to monitor the spectral changes over time. We identified six spectral features that showed significant differences between CRC and non‐CRC patients, corresponding to tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lipids, carotenoids, and disulfide bridges. These features enabled the classification of CRC patients with an accuracy of 87.5%. Moreover, longitudinal analysis revealed that the spectral differences normalized over 6 months after surgery, indicating their association with the presence of the disease. Our study demonstrates the potential of RS to identify specific biomolecular signatures related to CRC. These results suggest that RS could be a novel screening and monitoring tool, providing valuable insights for the development of noninvasive and accurate diagnostic methods for CRC.
Controllability of some nonlocal‐impulsive Volterra evolution systems via measures of noncompactness
Authors: Dieye Moustapha , Mokkedem Fatima Zahra , Diop Amadou
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the controllability of a Volterra evolution equation with impulsive terms and nonlocal initial conditions. With the aid of the resolvent operator generated by the linear part of the equation, mild solutions can be defined. Notably, the resolvent operator lacks compactness and equicontinuity. Additionally, the compactness of the impulsive and nonlocal functions is not required. Sufficient conditions for controllability are obtained through measures of noncompactness in Banach spaces. Functional differential equations and hyperbolic partial differential equations can be solved with these results. An example is given to illustrate the validity of the presented results.
A StarGAN and transformer‐based hybrid classification‐regression model for multi‐institution VMAT patient‐specific quality assurance
Authors: Cui Xiangxiang , Yang Xueying , Li Dingjie , Dai Xiangkun , Guo Yuexin , Zhang Wei , Li Ying , Wu Xiangyang , Zhu Lihong , Xu Shouping , Zhuang Hongqing , Yang Ruijie , Geng Lisheng , Sui Jing
Published: November 2024

Background

The field of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) faces challenges in terms of developing general models across institutions due to the prevalence of multi‐institution data collection and multivariate heterogeneity. Building a general model that is capable of handling diverse multi‐institution data is critical for enabling large‐scale integration and analysis.

Purpose

This study aims to develop a star generative adversarial network (StarGAN) and transformer‐based hybrid classification‐regression PSQA framework to address unification of heterogeneous data from different institutions.

Methods

A StarGAN and transformer‐based hybrid classification‐regression model was developed as a general PSQA framework to predict gamma passing rates (GPRs) and classify quality assurance (QA) results as “Pass” or “Fail” at multiple institutions. A total of 1815 VMAT plans were collected from eight institutions to develop the general PSQA framework and perform clinical commissioning and implementation. Among them, 20 independent clinical plans from each of eight institutions, for a total of 160 plans, were used for the clinical commissioning, and 205 new clinical plans from eight institutions were used for clinical implementation.

Results

For the 3%/3, 3%/2, and 2%/2 mm gamma criteria, the sensitivity of the proposed PSQA framework with pretraining was 90.13%, 92.03%, and 95.84%, respectively, while the specificity was 76.01%, 76.12%, and 85.34%, respectively. The mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the proposed PSQA framework with pretraining were 1.36%, 2.37%, and 3.96%, respectively, while the root‐mean‐square errors (RMSEs) were 2.31%, 3.89%, and 5.17%, respectively. The results demonstrated visible improvement at multiple institutions. For clinical commissioning, the deviations between the predicted and measured results were all within 3% for 3%/3 and 3%/2 mm at eight institutions. For clinical implementation, all failure plans were correctly identified by the proposed PSQA framework.

Conclusions

The general PSQA framework enables diverse clinical data sources to be handled to achieve enhanced model performance and generalizability, and provides a solution to the unification of heterogeneous data from different institutions to construct robust QA models. This approach can be clinically deployed for VMAT QA.
Chemiebildung – Experimentieren wie Nobelpreisträger
Authors: Reinmold Marco , Lühken Arnim
Published: October 2024

Das Experiment zur l‐Prolin‐katalysierten enantioselektiven Aldolreaktion macht die asymmetrische Organokatalyse im Schulexperiment praktisch erfahrbar und ermöglicht es den Schüler:innen, aktuelle Entwicklungen der organischen Chemie ausschnittsweise zu entdecken.
Narkosemittel in der Atmosphäre
Authors: Osterath Brigitte
Published: October 2024

Die neue EU‐Verordnung über fluorierte Treibhausgase verbietet voll‐ und teilfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe oder schränkt ihre Verwendung stark ein. Um das Klima zu schützen, wird jetzt erstmals ein Medikament für obsolet erklärt.
Symposium in Münster: Traumreaktionen mit Licht
Authors: Erchinger Johannes Eike
Published: October 2024

Wie können Chemikerinnen und Chemiker mit dem Schwerpunkt Synthese zu einer nachhaltigen Zukunft beitragen? Die zweite Ausgabe des Traumreaktionen‐Symposiums mit sieben Vorträgen Ende August zog mehr als 250 Teilnehmende aus Europa, China und Indien nach Münster. Schwerpunkt dieses Jahr: die Nutzung von Licht.
Karriereseminar für Doktorandinnen
Authors: Bigler Katrin , Schmidt Annika
Published: October 2024

Der Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) veranstaltete im August zum elften Mal ein Doktorandinnenseminar, in dem Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und zukünftige Führungskräfte Unterstützung bei der Karriereentwicklung erhalten. 27 vom FCI geförderte Doktorandinnen tauschten sich über akademische und Industrielaufbahnen aus und vernetzten sich untereinander sowie mit Führungskräften.
Quality improvement initiative to achieve early enteral feeds in preterm infants at a level IV neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Prasad Usha , Johnson Kendall , McGuire Stephanie , Haines Kathleen , Spizzoucco Annmarie , Lainwala Shabnam
Published: November 2024

Objective

We report the results of a quality improvement initiative to reduce the time to full enteral feeds and number of central line and parenteral nutrition days in premature infants in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by 20%.

Study Design

In 2020, a multidisciplinary team at our NICU initiated a quality improvement project to improve enteral feeding in infants with a birthweight <1800 g. The key drivers were early donor human milk consent, trophic feeds initiation, and modification of the enteral feeding guidelines. The interventions included prenatal donor human milk consents, mandatory staff education, and NICU newsletter reminders. Retrospective baseline data were collected May 1, 2020, to November 23, 2020, and prospective data were collected November 24, 2020, to September 30, 2022.

Results

Special cause variation was detected for time to achieve full enteral feeds, central line days, and parenteral nutrition days with 30%, 44%, and 42% improvements, respectively. There was no increase in feeding intolerance or necrotizing enterocolitis.

Conclusion

Small changes in feeding guideline processes improved enteral feedings in preterm infants without increase in morbidities. Our process measures are practical and easy to implement in most NICU settings.
Twelve‐month analysis of real‐world evidence from a telehealth obesity‐treatment provider using antiobesity medications
Authors: Ard Jamy D. , Hong Young‐Rock , Foster Gary D. , Medcalf Adam , Nadolsky Spencer , Cardel Michelle I.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe weight changes in members of a large‐scale telehealth obesity‐treatment provider who were using antiobesity medications (AOMs).

Methods

This retrospective observational study analyzed real‐world data from adults who initiated AOM treatment with the WeightWatchers (WW) Clinic telehealth program between January 2022 and July 2023 (n = 53,590). The main outcomes were changes in body weight over 12 months, side effects over follow‐up, and medication usage patterns.

Results

The 53,590 patients who initiated treatment were predominantly female (88.6%), with a mean BMI of 36.9 kg/m2. Mean (SD) treatment duration was 5.3 (4.3) months. Program retention rates based on the number of patients whose time from enrollment was at least 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 78% (n = 39,907/51,247), 63% (n = 25,515/40,203), 58% (n = 15,472/26,794), and 77% (n = 6459/8394), respectively. Average weight loss was 8.9% at 3 months (n = 37,565), 14.1% at 6 months (n = 24,140), 17.7% at 9 months (n = 15,169), and 19.4% at 12 months (n = 6089). Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1‐RA)‐based treatments were predominant. Side effects were consistent with the classes of medications used, and frequency declined over time.

Conclusions

This real‐world analysis of a telehealth‐delivered obesity‐treatment program demonstrated outcomes consistent with recent phase 3 clinical trials of AOMs, suggesting generalizability beyond clinical trial and in‐person settings.
Considering the Costs: Resin 3D Printing for a Temporal Bone Dissection Course
Authors: Nwosu Obinna I. , Quesnel Alicia M. , Crowson Matthew G. , Gray Stacey T.
Published: November 2024

Significant costs associated with obtaining cadaveric temporal bones (TBs) have led many to seek more cost‐effective alternatives for TB surgical simulation. Multiple studies support the face validity of resin 3‐dimensional (3D)‐printed TBs as high‐fidelity, useful alternatives for simulating TB dissection. However, a paucity of literature describes the cost or time associated with in‐house manufacturing of resin TBs at scale. This paper reviews the hardware and manufacturing costs, and time required for in‐house development of resin TB models for an annual dissection course. An open‐source library of TB models was queried for a candidate model which was edited for optimal printing on a recently developed resin 3D printer. In the described workflow, we were able to 3D‐print 60 TB models at $6.40 each, for a total material cost of $384.10, less than the price of a single cadaveric TB specimen (∼$400‐$700).
Preparation and Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Alkaloids: Review
Authors: Fang Chuanjian , Wang Jing , Gu Zhengwei , Han Chunchao
Published: October 2024

As a widely occurring natural product, alkaloids have garnered increasing attention in drug research and development. The efficient, convenient, and environmentally friendly separation and detection of alkaloid compounds from diverse natural products has garnered increasing attention in recent research. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is recognized as an effective method for the selective extraction and separation of alkaloids from complex samples due to its capacity for specific recognition. To date, no comprehensive review has been published on the separation and purification of alkaloids using MIT, particularly regarding the sustainability aspects of this technology. In this paper, we review the general preparation methods of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for alkaloids, including bulk polymerization, precipitation polymerization, magnetic polymerization, and emulsion polymerization. Additionally, we summarize various applications of MIPs for alkaloids, such as different forms of MIP‐based solid phase extraction (MISPE) and MIP‐based sensors for alkaloids detection. Finally, we address some unresolved issues and anticipate future developments in the field.
Daylight Photoluminescence Imaging: Quantitative Analysis of String Voltage Mismatch and Balancing Currents
Authors: Trupke Thorsten , Kunz Oliver , Weber Juergen W.
Published: November 2024

Large‐scale daylight photoluminescence imaging of crystalline silicon solar panels in utility‐scale solar farms, whereby luminescence images of several hundred to thousands of panels are acquired simultaneously, was demonstrated by our group recently. Here, we demonstrate that photoluminescence images of large solar farm sections that are connected to the same central inverter uniquely contain quantitative information about voltage mismatch between series‐connected strings of modules resulting from voltage variations between groups of modules. These voltage variations cause significant balancing currents between module strings when no or only low power is extracted from the solar farm. The impact of these balancing currents on the luminescence intensity is discussed. An analytical model to correct daylight photoluminescence images for these balancing currents is proposed and validated using experimental data.
The Role of Cartilage Tissue Engineering in Osteoarthritis Treatment: The Bench to Bedside Translation
Authors: Mukherjee Anwesha , Sarkar Satarupa , Poundarik Atharva , Das Bodhisatwa
Published: October 2024

Cartilage tissue engineering holds huge promise for joint defects and osteoarthritis (OA) conditions which otherwise have limited treatment options due to cartilage's inherent inability to self‐repair. Chemical cues play a pivotal role in regulating chondrocyte behavior and matrix synthesis. Strategies utilizing growth factors, small molecules, and biomaterial‐based delivery systems aim to modulate chondrogenic differentiation, proliferation, and matrix deposition, while recent insights emphasize the significance of mimicking native tissue gradients for optimal regeneration outcomes. Mechanical stimuli profoundly influence chondrocyte phenotype and function, necessitating precise control of the mechanical microenvironment in tissue engineering strategies. Advances in biomaterial design, scaffold fabrication, and bioreactor systems facilitate the tailored modulation of mechanical cues, including substrate stiffness, topography, and dynamic loading regimes. This review showcases the latest advancements in engineering both the chemical and mechanical microenvironment to enhance chondrocyte regeneration. Furthermore, exploring the synergistic effects of combining chemical and mechanical cues underscores the importance of multifaceted approaches in promoting robust chondrocyte regeneration. The review also addresses challenges and future directions in the field, such as achieving spatially organized tissue architecture and integrating patient‐specific factors, to propel advancements in cartilage tissue engineering. We also conducted a comprehensive enlistment for the clinical trials and tissue engineering‐based marketed products for OA therapy.
Psychometric Properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7) in Older Adults With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Saracino Rebecca M. , Kehoe Lee A. , Sohn Michael B. , Wang Lu , Mohile Supriya , Wells Megan , Mustian Karen , Morrow Gary , Bradley Thomas , Onitilo Adedayo , Giguere Jeffrey , McConnell Kelly M.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Over half of new cancer diagnoses occur in patients aged 65 or older, with up to 40% experiencing anxiety. The American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7) for anxiety screening, but the GAD‐7 psychometric properties in this population are unknown. This study examined the GAD‐7's reliability, validity, and item parameters, comparing its utility with the GAD‐2 in older adults with cancer.

Methods

This cross‐sectional secondary analysis of a nationwide multi‐site two‐arm cluster randomized trial in older adults (≥ 70) with advanced cancer. The GAD‐7 was administered at baseline. Properties were evaluated with Cronbach's α, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a 2‐parameter logistic model. Logistic regression models compared the GAD‐2 and GAD‐7.

Results

The sample included 718 participants (Mean age = 77, SD = 5) with mild anxiety (M = 3.74, SD = 4.74). Internal consistency was strong (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and item‐total correlations ranged 0.53 to 0.78. Item 2 (Not being able to stop or control worrying) was the most discriminating and item 5 (Being so restless that it is hard to sit still) was least discriminating. Area Under the Curve (AUC) analyses demonstrated the GAD‐2 had a 0.93–0.96 AUC.

Conclusions

Establishing the psychometric properties of anxiety screening measures is crucial in the older adults with cancer to maximize referral efficiency and accuracy. This study indicates that the GAD‐7 is reliable and valid for older adults with cancer. Analyses suggest the GAD‐2 may be as sufficient as the GAD‐7 in identifying anxiety in older adults with cancer, thereby reducing assessment burden.
A Comparison of Variance Estimators for Logistic Regression Models Estimated Using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) in the Context of Observational Health Services Research
Authors: Austin Peter C.
Published: October 2024

In observational health services research, researchers often use clustered data to estimate the independent association between individual outcomes and several cluster‐level covariates after adjusting for individual‐level characteristics. Generalized estimating equations are a popular method for estimating generalized linear models using clustered data. The conventional Liang–Zeger variance estimator is known to result in estimated standard errors that are biased low when the number of clusters in small. Alternative variance estimators have been proposed for use when the number of clusters is low. Previous studies focused on these alternative variance estimators in the context of cluster randomized trials, which are often characterized by a small number of clusters and by an outcomes regression model that often consists of a single cluster‐level variable (the treatment/exposure variable). We addressed the following questions: (i) which estimator is preferred for estimating the standard errors of cluster‐level covariates for logistic regression models with multiple binary and continuous cluster‐level variables in addition to subject‐level variables; (ii) in such settings, how many clusters are required for the Liang–Zeger variance estimator to have acceptable performance for estimating the standard errors of cluster‐level covariates. We suggest that when estimating standard errors: (i) when the number of clusters is < 15 use the Kauermann–Carroll estimator; (ii) when the number of clusters is between 15 and 40 use the Fay–Graubard estimator; (iii) when the number of clusters exceeds 40, use the Liang–Zeger estimator or the Fay–Graubard estimator. When estimating confidence intervals, we suggest using the Mancl–DeRouen estimator with a t‐distribution.
Self‐Powered Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Material Identification Enabled by a Thermogalvanic Dual‐Network Hydrogel with a High Thermopower
Authors: Li Yunsheng , Wang Wenxu , Cui Xiaojing , Li Ning , Ma Xueliang , Wang Zhaosu , Nie Yuyou , Huang Zhiquan , Zhang Hulin
Published: October 2024

Wearable devices equipped with high‐performance flexible sensors that can identify diverse physical information free from batteries are playing an indispensable role in various fields. However, previous studies on flexible sensors have primarily focused on their elasticity and temperature‐sensing capability, with few reports on material identification. In this paper, a thermogalvanic dual‐network hydrogel is fabricated with [Fe(CN)6]3‐/4− as a redox couple and lithium magnesium silicate, Gdm+ and lithium bromide as key electrolytes to optimize the interconnected porous structure of the gel, which shows excellent mechanical and thermoelectric properties with a thermopower as high as 4.01 mV K−1. A self‐powered material identification ring is developed based on the temperature‐triggered thermoelectric response of the gel in conjunction with machine learning, which can actively infer materials without an external power connection by analyzing the voltage signals correlated with interfacial heat transfer produced upon contact with different materials. The proposed gel ring has important applications for future areas such as human–computer interaction and haptic‐associated artificial intelligence.
Van der Waals GeSe with Strain‐ and Gate‐Tunable Linear Dichroism for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Gao Yangjun , Zhang Chenhao , Zhao Liangjie , Zheng Xuanli , Cao Yiyan , Xu Feiya , Zhang Chunmiao , Wu Zhiming , Wu Yaping , Li Xu , Kang Junyong
Published: October 2024

The direct detection of light polarization poses a crucial challenge in the field of optoelectronics and photonics. Herein, the tunable linear dichroism (LD) in GeSe‐based polarized photodetectors is presented through electronic and structural asymmetry modulation, and demonstrate their application prospects in wearable electronics. An improvement in the dichroic ratio up to 34% is achieved under a gate voltage of 20 V, and the improvement reaches 44% by applying a tensile strain along the zigzag direction. Theoretical calculations reveal that the gate regulation of barrier height between GeSe and Au electrodes is responsible for the electrical‐tunable LD, while the anisotropic optical absorption in response to strains leads to the strain‐tunable LD. Moreover, flexible GeSe transistors are developed for wearable applications including motion sensors and glucose monitors. This study offers viable approaches for modulating the optical anisotropy of low‐dimensional materials and emphasizes the versatility of van der Waals materials for practical applications in wearable electronic devices.
Experimental Realization of Fluoroborophene
Authors: Morey Mukul M. , Bahadur Rohan , Li Zhixuan , Dharmarajan Nithinraj P. , Fawaz Mohammed , Bandyopadhyay Arkamita , Chahal Sumit , Ansah Solomon , Singh Raman R. K. , Terrones Mauricio , Kumar Prashant , Vinu Ajayan
Published: October 2024

Borophene, an anisotropic metallic Dirac material exhibits superlative physical and chemical properties. While the lack of bandgap restricts its electronic chip applications, insufficient charge carrier density and electrochemical/catalytically active sites, restricts its energy storage and catalysis applications. Fluorination of borophene can induce bandgap and yield local electron injection within its crystallographic lattice. Herein, a facile synthesis of fluoroborophene with tunable fluorine content through potassium fluoride‐assisted solvothermal‐sonochemical combinatorial approach is reported. Fluoroborophene monolayers with lateral dimension 50 nm–5 µm are synthesized having controlled fluorine content (12–35%). Fluoroborophene exhibits inter‐twinned crystallographic structure, with fluorination‐tunable visible‐range bandgap ≈1.5–2.5 eV, and density functional theory calculations also corroborate it. Fluoroborophene is explored for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline medium and bestow a good stability. Tunable bandgap, electrophilicity and molecular anchoring capability of fluoroborophene will open opportunities for novel electronic/optoelectronic/spintronic chips, energy storage devices, and in numerous catalytic applications.
Omnidens appendages and the origin of radiodont mouthparts
Authors: Li Wei , Yang Jie , Yang Xiaoyu , Dhungana Alavya , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiguang , Smith Martin R.
Published: October 2024

The sophisticated, modular and adaptable body plan of arthropods underpins their dominance in marine invertebrate communities. The origin of this body plan from legged lobopodian worms can be inferred from Cambrian Konservat‐Lagerstätten, but our understanding retains some notable gaps: not least in the transition from swimming lobopodians such as Kerygmachela and Pambdelurion to robustly sclerotized radiodonts such as Anomalocaris. A large Pambdelurion‐like fossil from the Xiaoshiba biota, Omnidens qiongqii sp. nov., exhibits a novel combination of characters: an oral apparatus with a non‐radial configuration; and centimetric talon‐like grasping structures with heavily sclerotized blade‐like spines. The novel morphology broadens the interpretative framework for associated Cambrian taxa, demonstrating continuity in the morphology of euarthropod appendages prior to the origin of podomeres. A reappraisal of the euarthropod stem lineage suggests that radially arranged mouthparts may be a radiodont novelty, rather than an inheritance from the ancestral ecdysozoan. These results further resolve the evolutionary origins of the euarthropod body plan.
Simulation of Pulverized Coal Combustion in Blast Furnace Tuyere
Authors: Liu Huan , Lan Dawei , Conejo Alberto N. , Zhang Jianliang , Wang Zhenyang
Published: November 2024

Coal injection is an important way to reduce the coke ratio in the blast furnace. The combustion of pulverized coal in tuyere and raceway directly affects the production efficiency of smelting. Based on the design and production data of a 2000 m3 blast furnace, a three‐dimensional mathematical model of pulverized coal combustion in tuyere and raceway is established. The lower part of the blast furnace consisting of blowpipe‐coal lance‐tuyere‐raceway and coke bed is numerically simulated to study the influence of blast rate and oxygen on pulverized coal combustion under a certain coal injection ratio and a certain coal particle size distribution. The simulation results show that the pulverized coal burnout decreases from 69.2% to 67.4% when the blast velocity is increased by 20 m s−1, and the oxygen content increases from 23% to 27%, which can improve the pulverized coal burnout and increase the temperature in the raceway. A new direction is proposed to increase the pulverized coal burnout by optimizing the particle size selection and increasing the injection ratio of small particle size below 50 μm. The research provides theoretical and data support for increasing pulverized coal burnout.