bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of healthy dietary patterns on male semen quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Lei-Lei , Chang Jun-Jie , Wang Shao-Jie , Li Yong-Han , Yuan Meng-Yuan , Wang Geng-Fu , Su Pu-Yu
Published: July 2022

The incidence of infertility has recently risen. Semen quality is an important male fertility indicator, and dietary factors can affect semen quality. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of healthy dietary patterns on semen quality. A literature search was conducted in 3 databases (Embase, Web of Science and PubMed) on August 21, 2021. The included cross-sectional studies examined the influence of the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and prudent diet patterns on semen quality parameters; six studies (1244 subjects) were included. By comparing high consumption with low consumption of healthy dietary patterns, the results of the meta-analysis showed significantly higher sperm concentrations (mean difference [MD] = 6.88 × 106 ml−1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26 × 106 ml−1–12.49 × 106 ml−1; P < 0.05), a significant increase in total sperm count (MD = 16.70 × 106, 95% CI: 2.37 × 106–31.03 × 106; P < 0.05), and a significant increase in progressive sperm motility (MD = 5.85%, 95% CI: 2.59%–9.12%; P < 0.01). The sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility, and total sperm count were significantly higher in men with higher versus lower consumption of healthy dietary patterns. However, the results must be interpreted with caution.
The Records of Anatomy in Ancient China
Authors: Shao Shuijin , Guo Haidong , Mou Fangfang , Guo Chunxia , Zhang Lisheng
Published: July 2022

Through long-term observations and repeated practices of human body structure, anatomical knowledge in ancient China has gradually developed from the sprouting period when ancient Chinese hunted animals for survival, to anatomical exploration, which breaks the shackles of fear and religious rites. For example, Hua Tuo (华佗), a famous doctor in the period of The Three Kingdoms, did exquisite abdominal surgery; Yan Luozi (烟萝子), a Taoist priest in the period of The Five Dynasties, drew a map of human anatomy; Wang Weiyi (王唯一), a medical official in Northern Song dynasty, was responsible for casting acupuncture bronze figures, an anatomical mold for practicing acupuncture; Song Ci (宋慈), a forensic expert in Southern Song Dynasty, wrote Xi Yuan Ji Lu (《洗冤集录》 Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified); Wang Qingren (王清任), a physician in Qing Dynasty wrote Yi Lin Gai Cuo (《医林改错》 Correction on Errors in Medical Works). Ancient Chinese anatomy is far ahead of Western anatomy in understanding and describing human body structures. It has made great contributions to the emergence of Huang Di Nei Jing (《黄帝内经》 Huangdi's Internal Classic) and laid a solid foundation for the establishment of visceral manifestation theory and meridian and collateral theory. Even now, it has served the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical practices. Anatomical knowledges, such as relevant operation records, books, Atlas, models in ancient China, especially the names of Zang-organ and Fu-organ, bones and five sense organs, are still used in modern anatomy and modern medicine, making indelible contributions to the development of modern anatomy in China.
From Darkness to Light: A Student's Journey from Illness to Her True Passion
Authors: Takahashi Tiffany
Published: July 2022

Yin and yang are the dark-bright, polar opposites that cannot exist without each other. Much like Rachel Clay's passion for Chinese language and culture wouldn’t exist if it weren’t for the pain she endured.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Showing Promising Results in Reproductive Medicine
Authors: Tong Gongqing
Published: July 2022

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment including herbal formulas and acupuncture shows promising results in reproductive medicine. Shuguang Hospital's IVF center is also applying TCM on IVF treatment. We hope that through sharing our publications, more IVF clinics, research institutes, and business companies would collaborate with us to carry TCM-enhanced IVF further.
The needs of colorectal cancer patients/survivors
Authors: Bahrami Masoud , Masoumy Masoumeh , Sadeghi Alireza , Mosavizadeh Rohallah
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Identifying and addressing the needs of Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients/survivors' is important to improve patients/survivors' quality of life (QoL) and health. The present study aimed to review studies that have investigated CRC patients/survivors' needs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this narrative review, databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Iranmedex, ISC, SID, and Magiran were searched during 2011–2021 using keywords included need, CRC, colon cancer, rectal cancer.

RESULTS:

The findings of the studies showed that the needs of the CRC patients/survivors' can be categorized into the 6 domains including informational, psychological, social, physical, financial, and spiritual needs.

CONCLUSIONS:

By identifying CRC patients/survivors' needs, healthcare providers particularly nurses can develop and design comprehensive care programs tailored to the needs and priorities of these patients/survivors to improve their QoL and health.
Planning, implementation, and evaluation of educational intervention based on PRECEDE–PROCEED model for mothers about oral health promotion on children aged 3–6 years
Authors: Bab Narges , Khodadadi Hassan , Nasirzadeh Mostafa
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Mothers play an important role in oral health of children. The present study was planned, implemented, and evaluated to determine the impact of mothers' educational program based on PRECEDE–PROCEED model on oral health promotion of Rafsanjan 3–6-year-old children, in 2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 mothers with children aged 3–6 years divided into two groups. The research tool was developed and approved based on the model phases in the form of demographic information, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. At phase five, intervention planning was conducted and the program was implemented in four sessions (45 min each) in 30 days. Follow-up was done 2 months after the last training session. The data were analyzed by SPSS18, using Chi-square, paired t-test, and independent t-test at the significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS:

After implementing the program, a significant difference was observed between predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors, as well as oral health-related behaviors of the two groups (P < 0.05). Finally, 30.4% of the changes in oral health-related behavior resulted from the implementation of the designed educational program.

CONCLUSION:

Considering the importance of planning to promote children's oral health and hygiene, it is recommended that the PRECEDE–PROCEED model be used to design, implement, and evaluate health evidence-based interventions.
Faculty perspectives of small group teaching experience in medical school in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sasikumar S , Devaki P R , RenukaDevi M R
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

The small group teaching (SGT) is gaining popularity in medical education since it improves the student's thinking capacity and aids knowledge retention. Several studies have been conducted to analyze students' attitudes regarding SGT. Faculty, on the other hand, have mixed perception about SGT methodology. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to explore medical faculties' perceptions of SGT effectiveness in the medical curriculum.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted among 50 medical college teachers. We have developed set of 12 questionnaires to assess the perception of teachers on SGT methods. Content validation of the survey questionnaire was done by Lawshe method, and Cronbach's alpha was calculated for estimating the internal consistency. Teacher's perception responses were presented as proportion and percentage. We performed principal component analysis, structural equation modelling, Chi-squared test (χ2/df), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), adjusted GFI, comparative fit index, and root mean square error of approximation.

RESULTS:

The validation resulted in the 12 items model indicated superior goodness of fit for sample data. All the extracted factors had good internal consistency of >0.9. Majority of the teachers strongly agreed that the SGT method enhances the student intrinsic motivation (n = 42, 84%), self-confidence (n = 40, 80%) self-directed learning (n = 35, 70%), and student teacher interaction (n = 38, 76%).

CONCLUSION:

Teaching faculties' perception reflected that SGT is an effective method to impart knowledge to the students and also helps in improving their understanding of their subject. It helps in developing intrinsic motivation to do self-learning in the students. It also helps in developing good peer interaction and improves the communication skills.
Anesthetic Challenges in an Infant with Multiple Structural Airway Anomalies
Authors: Varshney Preeti Goyal , Pandey Maitree , Daga Garima
Published: July 2022

Airway anomalies such as laryngomalacia, laryngeal webs, micrognathia, and retrognathia cause respiratory distress in infants and pose a significant challenge in anesthetic management. We report the case of a 2-month-old infant with laryngomalacia on continuous positive airway pressure support since birth, posted for laryngeal surgery, who was found to have micro-retrognathia during pre anaesthesia checkup. Securing the airway and preventing hypoxia were the main challenges in this child. Adequate measures were taken for continuous oxygenation during induction of anesthesia. The child underwent supraglottoplasty with an uneventful intraoperative course. However, the airway obstruction persisted in the postoperative period requiring a surgical tracheostomy. The child subsequently underwent mandibular distraction surgery after 1 month and was discharged with a tracheostomy tube. Although various anesthetic options have been described to manage the difficult pediatric airway, the anesthetic technique should be customized to ensure airway patency and oxygenation in the perioperative period as illustrated in this case report.
A Rare Case of Congenital Methemoglobinemia with Severe Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Lakhanpal Mahima , Kumar Ritesh , Sarkar Debpriya , Tyagi Vasundhera
Published: July 2022

Methaemoglobinemia is a condition that occurs when red blood cell contains higher than 1% methaemoglobin (MHb). It can be congenital or acquired. The condition is generally asymptomatic until the serum MHb level reaches as high as 40%. Dyspnea, acidosis, cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, seizures, and coma may occur at levels exceeding 45%, and a high mortality rate is seen with levels above 70%. We report a rare association of a case of rheumatic heart disease with severe mitral stenosis with congenital methemoglobinemia diagnosed incidentally during mitral valve replacement procedure under cardiopulmonary bypass.
Prophylactic Intravenous Dexamethasone versus Dexmedetomidine for Postspinal Shivering during Lower Segment Cesarean Section
Authors: Shah Pratibha Jain , Ummu Habeeba K. P.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Shivering is one of the most common encountered little big problems with spinal anesthesia. There are only few published studies comparing intravenous (iv) dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine for the prevention of postspinal shivering (PSS).

Aim:

The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of iv dexamethasone and iv dexmedetomidine in the prevention of PSS during lower segment cesarean section.

Methods:

Total 160 parturients were randomly allocated into 2 groups by a Sequentially Numbered Opaque Sealed Envelope technique, namely Group Dx and Dm (n = 80). Group Dx received iv dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg whereas Group Dm received iv dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg. Incidence of shivering and shivering score were the primary outcomes and the secondary outcomes were sedation score, level of blockade, duration of surgery, axillary temperature, adverse effects, Apgar score, and hemodynamic parameters.

Results:

Incidence of shivering was significantly low in dexmedetomidine compared to dexamethasone (13.75% vs. 31.25%; P = 0.00468). Group Dx also had comparatively higher shivering score. Overall incidence of sedation was higher in Group Dm compared to Group Dx (15% vs. 3.75%; P = 0.0022). Five parturients in Group Dm (6.25%) had bradycardia compared to none in Group Dx. Respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and Apgar score were statistically comparable between the 2 Groups.

Conclusion:

iv dexmedetomidine is more effective in preventing PSS compared to dexamethasone. Additional sedation with dexmedetomidine aids more comfort to the parturients.
Cytological Diagnosis of Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Dahiya Sakshi , Singh Meeta , Jain Shyama , Khuraijam Bembem , Suroya Naman , Mandal Shramana
Published: July 2022

Background:

Mesotheliomas are neoplasms of the serosal lining of the body cavities. Diagnosis requires a multimodal approach of clinical findings, cytology, and histopathology with immunohistochemistry (IHC). The published sensitivity of cytology for diagnosing mesothelioma ranges from 30% to 75%.

Aim and Objectives:

This study aimed to calculate the incidence of malignant mesothelioma (MM) at our institute and to study the cytological features of MM.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study of pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial fluids submitted at our institute was done. The duration of the study was 8 years (2011–2019). Apart from examining Giemsa smears, a panel of immunocytochemical (ICC) and cell block immunohistochemical (IHC) markers was applied to achieve the diagnosis. These included calretinin, mesothelin, CK5/6, Hector Battifora mesothelial cell antibody (HBME), WT1, MOC31, CK7 and CK20. Histopathological correlation was done wherever possible.

Result:

In the present study, we compiled four cases of MM over 8 years diagnosed on serous effusion cytology and confirmed by immunocytochemistry (ICC)/cell block immunohistochemistry (IHC)/biopsy. This indicates a rare incidence of MM. The Cytological features of MM were studied.

Conclusion:

The diagnosis of MM is difficult, especially cytologically. It was found to be a rare entity in the malignant cases diagnosed on effusion cytology.
Gut microbiota profile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and presumed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Mohammadi Zahra , Poustchi Hossein , Hekmatdoost Azita , Etemadi Arash , Eghtesad Sareh , Sharafkhah Maryam , Stewart Delisha , Ghanbari Reza , Chlipala George Edward , Bishehsari Faraz , Merat Shahin , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: July 2022

Background:

The main composition of intestinal microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients has not yet been elucidated. In this, case-control study, we identified differences of intestinal microbiota in male patients with NAFLD, presumed NASH, and healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:

We compared gut microbial composition of 25 patients with NAFLD, 13 patients with presumed NASH, and 12 healthy controls. Demographic information as well as clinical, nutritional, and physical activity data was gathered. Stool and blood samples were collected to perform the laboratory analysis. The taxonomic composition of gut microbiota was assessed using V4 regions of microbial small subunit ribosomal Ribonucleic acid genes sequencing of stool samples.

Results:

Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most frequently phyla in all groups. Our results revealed that Veillonella was the only genus with significantly different amounts in presumed NASH patients compared with patients with NAFLD (P = 2.76 × 10−6, q = 2.07 × 10−4, logFC = 5.52).

Conclusion:

This pilot study was the first study to compare gut microbial composition in patients with NAFLD and presumed NASH in the Middle East. Given the potential effects of gut microbiota on the management and prevention of NAFLD, larger, prospective studies are recommended to confirm this study's findings.
The Effects of Probiotic-Prebiotic on the Biomass and Protein Content of Spirulina platensis in Different Temperatures and Illuminations
Authors: Seyhaneyildiz Can Safak , Seyhaneyildiz Elif , Dorucu Mustafa
Published: July 2022

The blue-green algae Spirulina platensis Geitler 1925 has been used by people since ancient times due to its high protein content. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a Probiotic-Prebiotic (P-P) product, which contains Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium thermophilum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides as probiotic bacteria, and beta-glucan and oligosaccharide as a prebiotic mixture on S. platensis. In the study, four groups were one of which was a control. In this study, we investigated whether the P-P product contributed to the biomass development and protein production of S. platensis under different temperatures and lighting conditions. In terms of biomass, the P-P product gave different responses at different temperatures and light intensities, but its results were positive in all groups in terms of protein ratio. The most positive effect on biomass and protein content was in the group where 0.1 ml/L P-P product was added, at 40°C and 3200 lux with 68.71% protein content and an average OD of 0.727.
Are The Water Quality of the Agricultural Drainage and Nile River Suitable for Tilapia Culture? A Case Study from Kafr El-Shaikh's Fish Farms, Egypt
Authors: Shaaban Nashwa A. , Tawfik Samar , El-Tarras Wael , El-Sayed Ali Tamer
Published: July 2022

Due to freshwater scarcity, the use of drainage water for aquaculture is a severe challenge in Egypt (one of the cultured tilapia producers worldwide). The present study was conducted, in the highest fish producer governorate (Kafr El-Sheikh). The study aims to assess the water quality of different fish farms fed with different water: agricultural drainage (ADW) and Nile River (Ri-N) water, and examine their suitability for fish culturing. Environmental parameters, nutrients, and metals in the water of fishponds and their sources, were measured. Results revealed that fish farms' waters were brackish (salinity <12 ppt), and slightly alkaline (pH of 8.5). The distribution of DO and BOD between farms was significantly different (p-value<0.05). Metals varied from high Fe levels to below detection limits (Pb and Cd). Feeding water sources showed lower metal content. However, farm fed by Ri-N was enriched by nutrients and attend low metals contents relative to farms fed by ADW, which was verified by the significant statistical differences. Most studied parameters were lower than the acceptable guidelines for fisheries and aquatic life recommended by national and international standards. Overall, the water qualities of fish farms were in good condition and were suitable for tilapia culture.
Reproductive Biology of the Hybrid Coptodon guineensis x Coptodon zillii within Two Marginal Lagoons Invaded by Macrophytes in South Eastern of Côte d`Ivoire
Authors: N’Goran Koffi Bienvenu , Konan Kouadio Justin , Kouamé Kouassi Yves Narcisse , Eyi Annigbé Justin , Kouakou Koffi
Published: July 2022

Hybrids of Coptodon guineensis x Coptodon zillii are omnivorous species with a phytophagous tendency found in most of water bodies of Côte d`Ivoire. This study aims to better understand its reproductive biology and possible influence of macrophytes on the breeding season. A total of 608 fish were caught monthly from September 2017 to August 2019. The overall sex-ratio showed significant predominance of females in Ono (1:1.37; χ² = 7.10; P<0.05) and Kodjoboue (1:1.84; χ² = 28.62; P<0.05) lagoons. The sexual maturity recorded in Ono lagoon for males (148.2 mm, SL) and females (145.3 mm) was slightly higher than that of males (144.4 mm, SL) and females (141.8 mm) in Kodjoboue lagoon. March and August–October (Ono lagoon) and February and July–September (Kodjoboue lagoon) were the most intensive spawning months. The absolute fecundity was higher in Ono lagoon (1472–6116 oocytes) than in Kodjoboue lagoon (1676–4210 oocytes), indicating a better food supply due to the high abundance of macrophytes in Ono lagoon. Oocyte size frequency distributions show oocytes of different sizes, indicating more than one spawning within a reproduction season. These findings might facilitate future studies establishing its potential production and its exploitation and management.
Ruptures, Junctures, and Difference
Authors: Avorgbedor Daniel
Published: July 2022

Royal rituals and festivities are vibrant sites of cultural continuity among the Ewe of Ghana. The rituals exhibit elements of hyperreal, sonic, and sacred/secular sensibilities that frame performance and embodied affectivity. The royal event complex engages the multisensory, the carnivalesque and interstices of the sacred/secular in Ewe spirituality and religious outlook.
ÉCONOMIE CIRCULAIRE: UNE PERSPECTIVE DE GESTION INTÉGRÉE DES DÉCHETS TECHNOLOGIQUES A PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE/SP-BRÉSIL
Authors: Andrade Juliene Maldonado Orosco De , Uliana Maíra Rodrigues , Arana Alba Regina Azevedo
Published: July 2022

La base de cette étude se concentre sur le concept d'économie circulaire, sa mise en oeuvre étant récente au Brésil. La recherche visait à discuter de la gestion intégrée des déchets technologiques dans Presidente Prudente/SP, à la lumière de la théorie de l'économie circulaire. La méthodologie utilisée était une recherche appliquée exploratoire, à travers une approche déductive et qualitative. En tant qu'instrument de collecte de données, la recherche documentaire et le travail sur le terrain ont été utilisés, les techniques utilisées étaient l'entretien, le questionnaire et l'observation non systématique. Les résultats ont montré que 94 % des déchets technologiques produits dans la municipalité peuvent être réutilisés et vendus. L'ouvrage présente une proposition de Réseau Technologique de Logistique des Déchets pour la commune de Presidente Prudente/SP, basée sur l'Economie Circulaire, divisée en cinq étapes qui soutiennent chaque processus, à savoir : 1) Diffusion ; 2) Collecte et Collecte ; 3) Dépistage ; 4) Recyclage et réutilisation ; et 5) commercialisation. Ces résultats sont des outils importants pour la gestion des déchets technologiques, la promotion d'informations pertinentes pour la gestion environnementale dans la commune, répondant aux Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD).
Fusible numbers and Peano Arithmetic
Authors: Erickson Jeff , Nivasch Gabriel , Xu Junyan
Published: July 2022

Inspired by a mathematical riddle involving fuses, we define the "fusible
numbers" as follows: $0$ is fusible, and whenever $x,y$ are fusible with
$|y-x|<1$, the number $(x+y+1)/2$ is also fusible. We prove that the set of
fusible numbers, ordered by the usual order on $\mathbb R$, is well-ordered,
with order type $\varepsilon_0$. Furthermore, we prove that the density of the
fusible numbers along the real line grows at an incredibly fast rate: Letting
$g(n)$ be the largest gap between consecutive fusible numbers in the interval
$[n,\infty)$, we have $g(n)^{-1} \ge F_{\varepsilon_0}(n-c)$ for some constant
$c$, where $F_\alpha$ denotes the fast-growing hierarchy. Finally, we derive
some true statements that can be formulated but not proven in Peano Arithmetic,
of a different flavor than previously known such statements: PA cannot prove
the true statement "For every natural number $n$ there exists a smallest
fusible number larger than $n$." Also, consider the algorithm "$M(x)$: if $x<0$
return $-x$, else return $M(x-M(x-1))/2$." Then $M$ terminates on real inputs,
although PA cannot prove the statement "$M$ terminates on all natural inputs."
El infierno de Byung-Chul Han
Authors: Zamora Bonilla Jesús
Published: July 2022

Byung-Chul Han es uno de los intelectuales más populares del momento, habiendo basado su éxito, sobre todo, en una especie de crítica filosófica de la civilización de consumo capitalista e hipertecnificada. En este artículo se repasan algunos de los clichés habituales en su obra, para mostrar que en la mayor parte de los casos no suele haber razones para estar de acuerdo con tales críticas, sino que estas responde principalmente a un afán de esnobismo.
Argumentación y pensamiento crítico: convergencias y desafíos
Authors: OLMOS GÓMEZ PAULA
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo se revisan las confluencias e influencias mutuas que se dan, de manera generalizada entre el movimiento, con objetivos marcadamente pedagógicos, del Pensamiento Crítico y las investigaciones provenientes del campo interdisciplinar de la Teoría de la Argumentación. Existiendo un cierto consenso en considerar que la pensadora crítica es un ser humano dotado de ciertas habilidades y disposiciones específicas, aquí se aborda la posible caracterización explícitamente argumentativa y particularmente interactiva y dialéctica de tales habilidades y disposiciones, explorando las aportaciones realizadas por algunos teóricos de la argumentación y algunos representantes del movimiento del pensamiento crítico a tal efecto. Al resituar las habilidades y disposiciones de pensamiento crítico como intrínsecamente asociadas a la capacidad de participar activa y relevantemente en prácticas comunicativas de dar, pedir y examinar razones se hace justicia al origen pragmatista de algunos de los objetivos iniciales del movimiento del critical thinking.
Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Composition of two Wild Plants used as Medicine in Nigeria
Authors: Uzoekwe N.M. , Ukhun M.E.
Published: July 2022

Medicinal plants have been used to treat certain disease conditions for centuries. Thus, fatty acids and amino acids composition of leaves of two wild (glyphae brevis and solanum erianthum) plants used for herbal treatment of some diseases were analysed. The results showed presence of numerous saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in both plants. The following fatty acids: alpha linolenic acid C18:3 (26.532%; 25.110%), gamma linolenic acid C- 18:3 (25.561%; 26.145%), palmitic acid C16:0 (22.422%; 22.534%) and linolenic acid C18:2(17.108%; 17.058%) were found in relatively higher amount for glyphae brevis and solanum erianthum respectively. The study also revealed that the two plants contain numerous essential and non-essential amino acids. In glyphae brevis, glutamate was found to occur in relatively higher concentration (14.465mg/g), followed by aspartate (10.65mg/g), alanine (6.2937mg/g). serine (4.3310mg/g), glycine (4.2118mg/g) etc. For essential amino acids, lysine (9.702mg/g), leucine (8.9831 mg/g) and arginine (6.5526mg/g) were present. Other amino acids were found in insignificant quantities. The concentrations of essential amino acids ranged between 4.6484 mg/g to 1.1150 mg/g. Similarly, the non-essential amino acid content of Solanum erianthum ranged between 14.4624 mg/g to 1.5827 mg/g recorded for glutamate and cysteine respectively. Furthermore, the essential amino acids content ranged between 7.7231 mg/g to 1.0375 mg/g, measured for leucine and tryptophan respectively. The two wild plants were found to contain numerous fatty acids and amino acids and hence their efficacy in traditional therapeutic purposes.
QUANTIFICATION OF CYROMAZINE AND MELAMINE IN FISH AND POULTRY FEEDS BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY – DIODE ARRAY DETECTION
Authors: Oyedeji A. O. , Azeez L. , Odeyemi B. A.
Published: July 2022

This paper reports the quantities of cyromazine (CYR) and its metabolite melamine (MEL) used as additives in fish and poultry feed. The levels of triazine compounds in fish and poultry feed were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Fish and poultry feed samples meant for various sizes of fishes and different types of chickens, respectively, were sampled. Samples were extracted using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) consisting of alkaline acetonitrile and phosphate buffer. The extracts were analysed using an Agilent HPLC and a Zorbax Eclipse plus C18 column. The detection and quantification limits (LOD and LOQ) were 1.29 – 1.48 and 3.94 – 4.50 µg/kg for MEL and CYR, respectively. The regression (r2 = 0.989), recovery (99.5 – 102.5%) and precision (RSD < 1) were excellent. Melamine concentration ranged between 85.2±14.3 and 520.0±90.3 µg/kg in fish feed, while CYR was 98.5±9.7 to 345.0±37.7 µg/kg in the samples. The chicken feed had 31.7±6.0 to 54.8±5.7 µg/kg MEL, and 117.6±24.8 to 257.6±16.6 µg/kg CYR. There was no significant difference in MEL concentration of fish feed (p>0.05), while there existed a difference a difference between MEL and CYR (p<0.05). There existed a significant difference between MEL concentrations in the poultry feed (p<0.05) and no difference between MEL and CYR. The two triazine compounds considered in this study were present at a lower concentration than the permissible level.
THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC STUDIES OF THE CORROSION INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL IN 0.5 M HCl USING NAPOLEONAE IMPERIALIS LEAVES EXTRACT.
Authors: Cookey G. A , Vopnu T. , Maduelosi J. N.
Published: July 2022

Thermodynamics and kinetics of the inhibitory behaviour of Napoleonae imperialis leaves extract on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5MHCl solution were examined using gravimetric technique at different concentrations of the extract and temperatures (303, 313 and 323 K). Results show that increase in extract concentration and temperature increased the inhibition efficiency of the extract. However, inhibition efficiency decreased with time of immersion of the mild steel coupons. Activation energy of adsorption values obtained at different extract concentrations were positive at all concentrations but higher than that of the blank. Thermodynamic and kinetic data obtained conform to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption mechanism suggests physisorptive adsorption process and aligned with the first order kinetics. The highest extract concentration (2.5g/l) showed maximum inhibition efficiency of 84.15% at 323K. The overall results suggest that the leaves extract of Napoleonae imperialis acts as a good inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5MHCl solutions.
ESTIMATION OF EMBALMING CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND GROUNDWATER SAMPLES FROM CEMETERY LEACHATES IN MBAIORBO, MBADIM-MBATIAV LEACHFIELD IN GBOKO, NIGERIA
Authors: Itodo A. U. , Eneji I. S. , Agbendeh Z. M , Kormi A. A.
Published: July 2022

Selected organic and inorganic contaminants in soil and water around burial sites in Mbaiorbo, Mbadim-Mbatiav, Gboko, Nigeria was studied using standard analytical methods. Results of analysis revealed variations in some physicochemical parameters, concentrations of heavy and organic pollutants. Five sampling locations were chosen for collection of soil and water samples and one sampling location, about 2 km away from the cemetery e4was chosen for control sample. The soil parameters for analytical and control samples estimated were, pH 4.80±0.06 (4.89±03), Electrical conductivity (μS/cm) 148.37±0.18 (79.00±0.02), Total organic carbon (%) 1.837±0.04 (1.585±0.05), Organic matter (%) 3.167±0.03 (2.732±0.04) and Bulk density (g/cm) 1.32±0.03 (1.44±0.02). The water parameters estimated were, Temperature (oC) 28.00±0.00 (28.00±0.00), pH 5.27±0.06 (6.00±0.00), Electrical conductivity (μS/cm) 114.35±0.23 (88.23±0.11), Chloride (mg/L) 2.08±.004 (0.95±0.02) and Nitrate (mg/L) 0.8899±0.05 (0.6116±0.00). The concentrations in ppm of heavy metals in the soil analytical and control samples estimated were, As (was not detected, ND, in both samples), Cd 0.167 (0.146), Cr 0.332 (0.032), Ni ND (ND), Pb 0.354 (0.592), Cu ND (ND) and the heavy metals pollutants in the water analytical and control samples estimated were, As ND (ND) Cd 0.008 (0.009), Cr 0.334 (0.349), Ni ND (ND), Pb 0.142 (0.141), Cu ND (0.049), The concentrations in ppm of organic pollutants estimated were, Formaldehyde 0.04213 (ND), Ethanol 0.02022 (0.24654), n-propane 0.04665 (ND) Iso-butanol 0.08366 (0.89675) and Methanol ND (ND). Contamination factor and geo-accumulation index models used to estimate the level of soil and water pollution by heavy metals and organic pollutants revealed that the soil and water samples were highly contaminated with Cr but the level of organic pollutants in water were low. Green burial practice and strict monitoring of water quality in dug wells and streams in the vicinity of the burial sites from the study area is recommended.
Production, Properties and Applications of Cellulose/Waste Leather Buff Composite (WLB) for Environmental Sustainability and Recyclability
Authors: Alhaji M. H. , Oparah E. N. , Yakubu M. K. , Maju C. C. , Suleiman H. , Akawu I. , Musa T. A. D. , Aliyu S.
Published: July 2022

This work aimed to utilize waste leather buff (WLB) as a packing filler in cellulose to produce degradable composite. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids was used to dissolve the cellulose and WLB in a coagulation bath and the resultant homogenous solution formed was casted in a clean glass plate to form cellulose/WLB composite film, washed in deionized water and dried in a desiccator. The composite film was characterised by FT-IR, SEM and thermogravimetric analysis. The modulus of elasticity and tensile strength properties of the composite film were lower than those obtained from cellulose matrix alone. There is also high thermal stability of composite film due to the cross-linkage between the collagen protein in the leather fibres of the WLB. The fractography of the composite film indicated that a good interfacial bond exists between the films, hence the composite film has been used as a wrapper/packaging application for environmental sustainability and material recyclability. Keywords: Fibre; Fibre/matrix bond; Recycling; Thermal analysis, Climate Change
METALS AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs) IN BEER: A REVIEW
Authors: Okafor V. N. , Umennadi P. U. , Odidika C. C. , Vinna D. C.
Published: July 2022

The major cations in beer are potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium with the anions, chloride, sulphate, nitrate and phosphate. The minor ones include iron, copper, zinc, manganese, lead, arsenic and phosphorous. These metals are important in beer fermentation because they supply the appropriate environment for yeast growth and influence yeast metabolism. Copper and iron are involved in beer conditioning and ageing through reactions resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species which readily oxidize organic compounds present in beer, changing the quality of foaming and flavour stability of beer. Small amounts of nitrogen-containing constituents are present and phosphorous is associated with some of these. Only trace amounts of sulphur-containing compounds are present but some of these are very potent flavouring agents. Beer is also subject to PAHs contamination due to the drying and roasting of barley. PAHs have been detected in different types of beverages such as tea, coffee, distilled drinks, wine, and fruit juice. Although PAHs are usually found in low concentrations in foods and beverages, they are one of the main factors that contribute to the onset of cancer in humans. This review covers the determination of levels of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in beer. The review was designed to cover the sources of metals and PAHs in beer as well as functions of metals and methods for the determination of metals and PAHs in beer. It was also designed to give insight to the health concerns of beer consumers.
KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE OXIDATION OF TANNIC ACID BY POTASSIUM TRISOXALATOFERRATE (III) IN AQUEOUS HYDROCHLORIC ACID MEDIUM
Authors: Lohdip Y. N. , Lungaka A. P. , Gongden J. J.
Published: July 2022

The kinetics of the redox reaction between tannic acid (TA) and potassium trisoxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate, (K3[Fe(C2O4)3].3H2O) has been studied in aqueous hydrochloric acid medium. The stoichiometry of the reaction determined by the mole ratio method was observed to be 1:1. The kinetic results showed first order dependence with respect to complex and tannic acid concentrations. The experimental data for the reaction system are consistent with the following rate law:where a = 2.0 × 10-3 mol-1 dm3 s-1 and b = 2.1 × 10-3 mol-2 dm6 s-1 at 420 nm and 27.0 ± 1.0 ºC. The rate of reaction was found to increase with increase in [H+] in the acid range used, but decreased with increase in ionic strength of the reaction medium. While the rate of reaction was observed to decrease with increasing dielectric constant of the reaction medium, the addition of CH3COO-, HCOO-, Ni2+and K+ catalyzed the rate of the reaction. The Michaelis-Menten plot of 1/kobs versus 1/[oxidant] gave a straight line with an insignificant positive intercept. The addition of acrylamide to the partially oxidized reaction mixture did gave a gel in the presence of excess methanol. Based on the experimental data, a plausible mechanism involving outer sphere electron transfer has been proposed for the redox reaction between tannic acid and potassium trisoxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate.
SEDIMENT QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN COASTAL COMMUNITIES OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ayedun H.
Published: July 2022

Sediments serves as sink for heavy metals and other pollutants in river bodies. Aquatic organisms can accumulate heavy metals through a polluted sediment as most of them obtained their food from it. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the risk of heavy metals in sediment of Oluwa river, Okitipupa Igbokoda axis to aquatic organisms. Eighteen sediments samples were collected in triplicates from the river, digested and analyzed for heavy metals using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). The sediment was highly enriched with Fe, Al and Pb having enrichment factors (EF) of 75.3, 51.1 and 12.7 respectively with Cu as normalising elements. The order of Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) in all the samples are Al > Fe > Pb > Mn > Sr with Igeo values 2.102, 2.097, 1.543, 1.373 and 1.279 respectively. The order of Contamination factor Cf in Oluwa river are Pb > Fe > Cd > Zn. The overall Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Ecological risk (Er) for the metals are 5.77 and 207.44 respectively which indicates that the sediments are polluted and toxic to organisms. The main source of these heavy metals in sediment is the improper dumping of waste into the water body. Waste disposal facilities should be provided and monitored for people to prevent continuous deterioration of surface water in coastal Communities.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES OF HYDRAZONE SUBSTITUTED MOLYBDENUM CARBONYLS
Authors: Abubakar T. A. , Eke U. B.
Published: July 2022

The hydrazones; (E)-N'-(3-methoxybenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide (ANH) and (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (SIH) were prepared by condensation reaction between either m-anisaldehyde or salicylaldehyde with nicotinic hydrazide and isoniazid respectively. Substituting CO in Mo hexacarbonyl with the hydrazones in the presence of trimethylamine N-oxide as decarbonylating agent at ambient temperature under inert atmosphere produced tricarbonyl constituents. The complexes were characterized via spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis and evaluated for antibacterial mode and action. FTIR/Raman, 1H and 13C MMR spectra obtained revealed that three CO were substituted for hydrazones in the hexacarbonyl, consistent with CHN elemental analysis. The ancillary ligands coordinate through the pyrimidine nitrogen to the Mo centre in a meridional geometry; Mo(CO)3(ANH)3 and Mo(CO)3(SIH)3. The coordination mode afforded a fairly stable complex which released CO in DMSO with release rate of 1.9 × 10-3 and 1.07 × 10-2 kCO) s-1. Examination of compounds ability to release CO to myoglobin under physiological pH revealed that carbonmonoxyhemoglobin was spontaneously formed at 3 to 4 seconds of introduction of the complexes. Antibacterial action against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria revealed that Mo(CO)3(ANH)3 shows both bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against E coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with activity comparable to the ampicillin control. The Mo(CO)3(SIH)3 analogue was however not effective in inhibiting the growth of the organisms at concentrations below 1000 µM . The methoxy and hydroxyl group on the ligand is suspected to account for the differences in action. The hydrophilic hydroxyl group in Mo(CO)3(SIH)3 can hinder it cell wall penetrating ability compared to the lipophilic group present in Mo(CO)3(ANH)3.
EFFECTS OF USING INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER FOR IRRIGATION ON HEAVY METALS IN SOILS AND CROPS: A CASE OF KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Authors: Hussaini A. , Ali A. F. , Abdullahi B. A.
Published: July 2022

Heavy metals can now be considered as natural constituents of the environment, but indiscriminate use for human purposes has altered their geochemical cycles and biochemical balance. This study was conducted in Kano metropolis to assess the heavy metals contamination in soils and crops where wastewater is used for irrigation. Soil and crop (Cucumber, Maize, Onion and Spinach) samples were randomly collected from 3 sites, digested and analyzed for Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results were compared with the standard guidelines set by World Health Organization (WHO) and were used to estimate the health risks of these heavy metals via consumption of the crops. The concentrations of heavy metals found in the soil (4.76 – 52.38 mg/kg, 2.45 – 3.43 mg/kg and 7.65 – 14. 21 mg/kg for Cr, Ni and Pb respectively) were within the acceptable threshold of 100, 50 and 100 (mg/kg) for Cr, Ni and Pb respectively. Cd was recorded in the range of 3.67 to 4.28mg/kg, which is above the acceptable limit of 3.00mg/kg in all the soil samples. The pH values were below the normal range while the Electrical Conductivity (EC) were all above the normal range. For the plant samples, the mean concentrations of the heavy metals studied were above the maximum acceptable threshold recommended by WHO/FAO except Ni. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) concentrations of Cd and Cr in all plant samples were above the acceptable tolerable daily intake (PTDI) limit as recommended by European Food and Safety Agency (EFSA). Hazard Quotient (HQ) value of Cd and Pb and the Hazard Index (HI) values for all the samples were greater than 1, which indicates that there is high potential of health risk associated with the consumption of the contaminated crops. The study highlights that irrigation with untreated wastewater is, likely, the major source of heavy metals contamination to the soils and plants examined. It is, therefore, recommended that use of wastewater for irrigation farming should be discouraged.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTI-OXIDANT AND ACTIVITIES OF FRACTIONATED ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Moringa Oleifera LEAVE
Authors: Ameen O. M. , Akinolu A. A. , Garuba T. , Ebito G. E. , Arowolo B. Z. , Oyebanji E. O.
Published: July 2022

Moringa oleifera leave has been reputed for the treatment of different ailments, this work thus aims at isolating the active principle(s) that are responsible for these activities. M. oleifera leave was extracted with distilled ethanol, concentrated to afford the crude extract (210.2 g). The crude extract was partitioned using n – hexane (NH), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol (MeOH) in an increasing order of polarity to afford 12 fractions. The fractions were subjected to biological testing and MOF8 and MOF11 were selected for further purification based on their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The two fractions (MOF8 and MOF11) were purified on a silica gel open column, using NH, DCM, EA and MeOH in an increasing order of polarity to afford ten and eight fractions respectively. Further biological test on these fractions indicates superior activities of MOF118 which was further purified as described earlier to afford four fractions. Further biological testing on these fractions indicates that and MOF118.3 and MO118.4 are more active in the antioxidant and antimicrobial analysis. Phytochemical screening of MOF11 and MOF11 indicates the presence of flavonoids, saponin, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and steroids.
HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES IN UMUAHIA, ABIA STATE
Authors: Ogoko E. C. , Kelle H. I. , Njoku C. P.
Published: July 2022

The extent of soil contamination with heavy metals within the vicinity of four solid waste disposal sites in Umuahia were assessed. Four solid waste disposal sites were sampled at depth profiles of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30cm respectively. The soil samples were digested and subjected to heavy metal analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results obtained revealed a wide variation in the concentrations of different heavy metals at various sampling sites. The heavy metal concentrations of soil samples at solid waste disposal sites were higher than those obtained from the control site. Maximum concentrations of Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Cd and As, were 2.910.02 mg/l, 0.300.00 mg/l, 15.000.02 mg/l, 143.00.15 mg/l, 2.260.31 mg/l, and 0.050.00 mg/l respectively which were obtained from soils with depth profile 0 -10 cm. There was a depth- wise steady decrease in heavy metal concentrations in the soil samples analyzed. However, geo-accumulation (Igeo) index suggested significant contribution of cadmium to soil contamination. Geo-accumulation (Igeo) index of Cd ranged from 1.78 to 4.20, indicating very high contamination of the soil by Cd. But calculated pollution load index (PLI) ranged from 0.10 to 0.45, which does not indicate high pollution load status of the soil.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Authors: Yerima E. A. , Itodo A. U. , Sha’Ato R. , Wuana R. A. , Egah G. O. , Ma’aji S. P.
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the PAH levels in soils around five fuel stations namely: Kwararafa fuel station, Capaduck, Oasis and Ganaco fuel station all in Wukari local government area of Taraba State, Nigeria. The stratified sampling technique was applied in sample collection, extraction and purification by altra-sonication and column chromatography respectively. Quantification of PAHs content by means of GC-MS, The study revealed that the 5.83 μg/kg total composition of the 16 EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the test soil was ten times more than the 0.11 μg/kg content of the control soil sample, where dibenz[a,h]anthracene (0.827±0.174 μg/kg) and benz[a]pyrene (0.535±0.174 μg/kg) were the most abundant terms of toxicity based on benzo(a)pyrene-equivalents concentration. Nevertheless there is no human health risk due to inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact respectively.