bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A practical approach for finding anti-debugging routines in the Arm-Linux using hardware tracing
Authors: Park Yeongung , Choi Seokwoo , Choi Un Yeong , Jin Haimin , Nor Nurul Harzira Mohamad , Park Yongsu
Published: June 2024

As IoT devices are being widely used, malicious code is increasingly appearing in Linux environments. Sophisticated Linux malware employs various evasive techniques to deter analysis. The embedded trace microcell (ETM) supported by modern Arm CPUs is a suitable hardware tracer for analyzing evasive malware because it is almost artifact-free and has negligible overhead. In this paper, we present an efficient method to automatically find debugger-detection routines using the ETM hardware tracer. The proposed scheme reconstructs the execution flow of the compiled binary code from ETM trace data. In addition, it automatically identifies and patches the debugger-detection routine by comparing two traces (with and without the debugger). The proposed method was implemented using the Ghidra plug-in program, which is one of the most widely used disassemblers. To verify its effectiveness, 15 debugger-detection techniques were investigated in the Arm-Linux environment to determine whether they could be detected. We also confirmed that our implementation works successfully for the popular malicious Mirai malware in Linux. Experiments were further conducted on 423 malware samples collected from the Internet, demonstrating that our implementation works well for real malware samples.
Cognitive functioning associated with acute and subacute effects of classic psychedelics and MDMA - a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Basedow Lukas A. , Majić Tomislav , Hafiz Nicklas Jakob , Algharably Engi A. E. , Kreutz Reinhold , Riemer Thomas G.
Published: June 2024

Classic psychedelics and MDMA have a colorful history of recreational use, and both have recently been re-evaluated as tools for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Several studies have been carried out to assess potential long-term effects of a regular use on cognition, delivering distinct results for psychedelics and MDMA. However, to date knowledge is scarce on cognitive performance during acute effects of those substances. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigate how cognitive functioning is affected by psychedelics and MDMA during the acute drug effects and the sub-acute (“afterglow”) window. Our quantitative analyses suggest that acute cognitive performance is differentially affected by psychedelics when compared to MDMA: psychedelics impair attention and executive function, whereas MDMA primarily affects memory, leaving executive functions and attention unaffected. Our qualitative analyses reveal that executive functioning and creativity may be increased during a window of at least 24 h after the acute effects of psychedelics have subsided, whereas no such results have been observed for MDMA. Our findings may contribute to inform recommendations on harm reduction for recreational settings and to help fostering differential approaches for the use of psychedelics and MDMA within a therapeutic framework.
Development of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic CNT and BNNT coated copper meshes for oil/water separation
Authors: Hassani Fatemeh , Aroujalian Abdolreza , Rashidi Alimorad
Published: June 2024

In this research, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was used to synthesize boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) powder. This method involves heating multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and boric acid in the presence of ammonia gas up to 1000 °C. Then MWCNT and synthetic BNNT were coated on the copper mesh via dip-coating method separately to prepare nano-structured membranes for efficient oil/water separation. Various analyzes were performed to identify the synthetic BNNT properties (X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and prepared coated membranes (FESEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle (WCA), oil contact angle (OCA) and oil/water separation process). Water and oil contact angle analyzes showed the super-oleophilic properties of both membranes with the underwater OCA of about 128°. For the separation process, a dead-end filtration setup was used, and free oil water mixture and o/w emulsion were prepared. So, in the separation process water was retained and decalin passed through both prepared membranes. The flux of CNT coated membrane was about 458 L m2 h−1, while this amount was 1834 L m2 h−1 for BNNT coated membrane and 99% separation efficiency was achieved by both of them. This four-fold increase in flux is due to the fact that the inner diameter of boron nitride nanotubes synthesized is four times larger than the inner diameter of MWCNT.
Anatomy of superior olivary complex and lateral lemniscus in Etruscan shrew
Authors: Zacher Alina C. , Felmy Felix
Published: June 2024

Based on the auditory periphery and the small head size, Etruscan shrews (Suncus etruscus) approximate ancestral mammalian conditions. The auditory brainstem in this insectivore has not been investigated. Using labelling techniques, we assessed the structures of their superior olivary complex (SOC) and the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (NLL). There, we identified the position of the major nuclei, their input pattern, transmitter content, expression of calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) and two voltage-gated ion channels. The most prominent SOC structures were the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), the lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body (LNTB), the lateral superior olive (LSO) and the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPN). In the NLL, the ventral (VNLL), a specific ventrolateral VNLL (VNLLvl) cell population, the intermediate (INLL) and dorsal (DNLL) nucleus, as well as the inferior colliculus’s central aspect were discerned. INLL and VNLL were clearly separated by the differential distribution of various marker proteins. Most labelled proteins showed expression patterns comparable to rodents. However, SPN neurons were glycinergic and not GABAergic and the overall CaBPs expression was low. Next to the characterisation of the Etruscan shrew’s auditory brainstem, our work identifies conserved nuclei and indicates variable structures in a species that approximates ancestral conditions.
Thrombospondin-4 deletion does not exacerbate muscular dystrophy in β-sarcoglycan-deficient and laminin α2 chain-deficient mice
Authors: Zarén Paula , Gawlik Kinga I.
Published: June 2024

Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders that lead to muscle wasting and loss of muscle function. Identifying genetic modifiers that alleviate symptoms or enhance the severity of a primary disease helps to understand mechanisms behind disease pathology and facilitates discovery of molecular targets for therapy. Several muscular dystrophies are caused by genetic defects in the components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein adhesion complex (DGC). Thrombospondin-4 overexpression has been shown to mitigate dystrophic disease in mouse models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin deficiency) and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2F (LGMD2F, δ-sarcoglycan deficiency), while deletion of the thrombospondin-4 gene exacerbated the diseases. Hence, thrombospondin-4 has been considered a candidate molecule for therapy of muscular dystrophies involving the DGC. We have investigated whether thrombospondin-4 could act as a genetic modifier for other DGC-associated diseases: limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2E (LGMD2E, β-sarcoglycan deficiency) and laminin α2 chain-deficient muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-RD). Deletion of the thrombospondin-4 gene in mouse models for LGMD2E and LAMA2-RD, respectively, did not result in worsening of the dystrophic phenotype. Loss of thrombospondin-4 did not enhance sarcolemma damage and did not impair trafficking of transmembrane receptors integrin α7β1 and dystroglycan in double knockout muscles. Our results suggest that thrombospondin-4 might not be a relevant therapeutic target for all muscular dystrophies involving the DGC. This data also demonstrates that molecular pathology between very similar diseases like LGMD2E and 2F can differ significantly.
Estimating prevalence of post-war health disorders using multiple systems data
Authors: Bhuyan Prajamitra , Chatterjee Kiranmoy
Published: June 2024

Effective surveillance on the long-term public health impact due to war and terrorist attacks remains limited. Such health issues are commonly under-reported, specifically for a large group of individuals. For this purpose, efficient estimation of the size or undercount of the population under the risk of physical and mental health hazards is of utmost necessity. A novel trivariate Bernoulli model is developed allowing heterogeneity among the individuals and dependence between the sources of information, and an estimation methodology using a Monte Carlo-based EM algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show the superiority of the performance of the proposed method over existing competitors and robustness under model mis-specifications. The method is applied to analyse two real case studies on monitoring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases for the Gulf War veterans and the 9/11 terrorist attack survivors at the World Trade Center, USA. The average annual cumulative incidence rate for ALS disease increases by $$33\%$$

33
%

and $$16\%$$

16
%

for deployed and no-deployed military personnel, respectively, after adjusting the undercount. The number of individuals exposed to the risk of physical and mental health effects due to WTC terrorist attacks increased by $$42\%$$

42
%

. These results provide interesting insights that can assist in effective decision-making and policy formulation for monitoring the health status of post-war survivors.
High-brightness betatron emission from the interaction of a sub picosecond laser pulse with pre-ionized low-density polymer foam for ICF research
Authors: Gyrdymov Mikhail , Cikhardt Jakub , Tavana Parysatis , Borisenko Nataliya G. , Gus´kov Sergey Yu. , Yakhin Rafael A. , Vegunova Galina A. , Wei Wenqing , Ren Jieru , Zhao Yongtao , Hoffmann Dieter H. H. , Deng Zhigang , Zhou Weimin , Cheng Rui , Yang Jie , Novotny Jan , Shen Xiaofei , Pukhov Alexander , Jacoby Joachim , Spielmann Christian , Popov Viacheslav S. , Veysman Mikhail E. , Andreev Nikolay E. , Rosmej Olga N.
Published: June 2024

Direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in plasmas of near-critical density (NCD) is a very advancing platform for high-energy PW-class lasers of moderate relativistic intensity supporting Inertial Confinement Fusion research. Experiments conducted at the PHELIX sub-PW Nd:glass laser demonstrated application-promising characteristics of DLA-based radiation and particle sources, such as ultra-high number, high directionality and high conversion efficiency. In this context, the bright synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation of DLA electrons, which arises from the interaction of a sub-ps PHELIX laser pulse with an intensity of 1019 W/cm2 with pre-ionized low-density polymer foam, was studied. The experimental results show that the betatron radiation produced by DLA electrons in NCD plasma is well directed with a half-angle of 100–200 mrad, yielding (3.4 ± 0.4)·1010 photons/keV/sr at 10 keV photon energy. The experimental photon fluence and the brilliance agree well with the particle-in-cell simulations. These results pave the way for innovative applications of the DLA regime using low-density pre-ionized foams in high energy density research.
A comparison of multiple sclerosis disease characteristics across three genetically diverse Asian racial groups in Singapore
Authors: Koh Min Jie , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Tye Janis Siew Noi , Aw Amelia Yun Yi , Siew Rachel Wan En , Peng Xuejuan , Tan Jeanne May May , Tan Kevin , Yeo Tianrong
Published: June 2024

Studies in Western populations have shown that Black and Hispanic patients have an earlier age of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) onset and a more severe disease course characterised by faster disability accrual compared to Whites. It is yet unclear whether MS disease characteristics and clinical course differ amongst Asian racial groups. Singapore is uniquely poised to investigate this as its multi-racial population comprises three genetically diverse Asian racial groups—Chinese, Malay and South Asian. Herein, we sought to elucidate differences in the clinical phenotypes, disease-modifying therapy (DMT) usage, and disease course amongst these three Asian racial groups by performinga retrospective observational study on MS patients seen at the National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, ancillary investigations, and DMT usage were collected. One hundred and eighty-eight patients were included (90 Chinese, 32 Malay, and 66 South Asian). Our findings showed that MS prevalence was the highest in South Asians followed by Malays and Chinese, while demographics, healthcare access, and longer-term disease course were identical across the racial groups. However, several differences and trends were elucidated: (1) South Asian patients had milder sentinel attacks (p = 0.006), (2) a higher proportion of Malay patients had enhancing lesions on their initial MRI (p = 0.057) and the lesion topography differed across the races (p = 0.034), and (3) more Malay patients switched out of their initial DMT (p = 0.051). In conclusion, MS disease characteristics were largely similar across these three Asian racial groups, and while there were some clinical and radiological differences at presentation, these did not influence longer-term outcomes.
A machine learning model predicts stroke associated with blood cadmium level
Authors: Zuo Wenwei , Yang Xuelian
Published: June 2024

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cadmium is a prevalent environmental toxicant that may contribute to cardiovascular disease, including stroke. We aimed to build an effective and interpretable machine learning (ML) model that links blood cadmium to the identification of stroke. Our data exploring the association between blood cadmium and stroke came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013–2014). In total, 2664 participants were eligible for this study. We divided these data into a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). To analyze the relationship between blood cadmium and stroke, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. We constructed and tested five ML algorithms including K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), logistic regression (LR), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and random forest (RF). The best-performing model was selected to identify stroke in US adults. Finally, the features were interpreted using the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) tool. In the total population, participants in the second, third, and fourth quartiles had an odds ratio of 1.32 (95% CI 0.55, 3.14), 1.65 (95% CI 0.71, 3.83), and 2.67 (95% CI 1.10, 6.49) for stroke compared with the lowest reference group for blood cadmium, respectively. This blood cadmium-based LR approach demonstrated the greatest performance in identifying stroke (area under the operator curve: 0.800, accuracy: 0.966). Employing interpretable methods, we found blood cadmium to be a notable contributor to the predictive model. We found that blood cadmium was positively correlated with stroke risk and that stroke risk from cadmium exposure could be effectively predicted by using ML modeling.
Distribution characteristics of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in the soil and in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Peng Yishu , Song Haijie , Jin Tao , Yang Ruidong , Shi Jing
Published: June 2024

Potentially toxic metal(loid) assessment of tea and tea garden soil is a vital guarantee of tea safety and is very necessary. This study analyzed the distribution of seven potentially toxic metal(loid)s in different organs of the tea plants and soil at various depths in the Yangai tea farm of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China. Although soil potentially toxic metal(loid) in the study area is safe, there should be attention to the health risks of Cu, Ni, As, and Pb in the later stages of tea garden management. Soil As and Pb are primarily from anthropogenic sources, soil Zn is mainly affected by natural sources and human activities, and soil with other potentially toxic metal(loid) is predominantly from natural sources. Tea plants might be the enrichment of Zn and the exclusion or tolerance of As, Cu, Ni, and Pb. The tea plant has a strong ability for absorbing Cd and preferentially storing it in its roots, stems, and mature leaves. Although the Cd and other potentially toxic metal(loid)s content of tea in Guizhou Province is generally within the range of edible safety, with the increase of tea planting years, it is essential to take corresponding measures to prevent the potential health risks of Cd and other potentially toxic metal(loid)s in tea.
Optimal signal quality index for remote photoplethysmogram sensing
Authors: Elgendi Mohamed , Martinelli Igor , Menon Carlo
Published: June 2024

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) enables non-invasive monitoring of circulatory signals using mobile devices, a crucial advancement in biosensing. Despite its potential, ensuring signal quality amidst noise and artifacts remains a significant challenge, particularly in healthcare applications. Addressing this, our study focuses on a singular signal quality index (SQI) for rPPG, aimed at simplifying high-quality video capture for heart rate detection and cardiac assessment. We introduce a practical threshold for this SQI, specifically the signal-to-noise ratio index (NSQI), optimized for straightforward implementation on portable devices for real-time video analysis. Employing (NSQI < 0.293) as our threshold, our methodology successfully identifies high-quality cardiac information in video frames, effectively mitigating the influence of noise and artifacts. Validated on publicly available datasets with advanced machine learning algorithms and leave-one-out cross-validation, our approach significantly reduces computational complexity. This innovation not only enhances efficiency in health monitoring applications but also offers a pragmatic solution for remote biosensing. Our findings constitute a notable advancement in rPPG signal quality assessment, marking a critical step forward in the development of remote cardiac monitoring technologies with extensive healthcare implications.
Oxygen sensitivity of [FeFe]-hydrogenase: a comparative study of active site mimics inside vs. outside the enzyme
Authors: Yadav Shanika , Haas Rieke , Boydas Esma Birsen , Roemelt Michael , Happe Thomas , Apfel Ulf-Peter , Stripp Sven T.
Published: June 2024

The oxygen sensitivity of [FeFe]-hydrogenase cofactor models is probed in solution and as part of the enzyme.
A robust methodology for PEC performance analysis of photoanodes using machine learning and analytical data
Authors: Tajima Moeko , Nagai Yuya , Chen Siyan , Pan Zhenhua , Katayama Kenji
Published: June 2024

Robust machine learning scheme using analytical data to improve photoanode performance.
An engineered POSS drug delivery system for copper(ii) anticancer metallodrugs in a selective application toward melanoma cells
Authors: Vieira Eduardo Guimarães , de Paiva Raphael Enoque Ferraz , Miguel Rodrigo Bernardi , de Oliveira Ana Paula Araujo , Franco de Melo Bagatelli Felipe , Oliveira Carla Columbano , Tuna Floriana , da Costa Ferreira Ana Maria
Published: June 2024

Mononuclear oxindolimine-copper(ii) species, when inserted into a POSS matrix containing triazole groups, formed an additional binuclear species showing higher selectivity toward melanoma cells.
Constructing TiO2@MOF S-scheme heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics and Cr(vi) photoreduction
Authors: Wan Yuqi , Gao Ke , Pan Zhiquan , Zhao Tianshuo , Cheng Qingrong
Published: June 2024

A novel S-scheme P-TiO2@Zn-MOF heterojunction was synthesized by self-assembly. It exhibited excellent Cr(vi) photoreduction in actual wastewater and enhanced photocatalytic activity for CIP/TC degradation, with improved stability in strong acid.
Structure–activity relationship of anticancer and antiplasmodial gold bis(dithiolene) complexes
Authors: Vitré Constantin , Le Gal Yann , Vacher Antoine , Roisnel Thierry , Lorcy Dominique , Santana Sofia , Prudêncio Miguel , Pinheiro Teresa , Marques Fernanda
Published: June 2024

Two series of gold(iii) bis(dithiolene) complex-based therapeutic agents displaying both anticancer and antiplasmodial activities have been synthesized and characterized.
Emerging investigator series: quantitative insights into the relationship between the concentrations and SERS intensities of neonicotinoids in water
Authors: Liu Shengdong , Lazarcik James , Wei Haoran
Published: June 2024

This study explores the theoretical foundation behind the application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for neonicotinoid quantification.
Enhanced electrocatalytic glucose oxidation assisted hydrogen production via the interfacial synergistic effect of NiO/NiCo2O4 porous nanowires
Authors: Zhang Zongxi , Zhao Jiancheng , Hong Mei , Chen Shuai , Qiao Yan
Published: June 2024

The obtained NiO/NiCo2O4 composite catalyst demonstrates a remarkable performance for both the GOR and HER, which is attributed to the enhanced interfacial synergistic effect of its bicomponents (NiO and NiCo2O4) and porous 1D nanowire structure.
The synthesis of oligomers containing alternating C-glycosyl α-amino acids and proteinogenic α-amino acids
Authors: Colić Ivana , Bogović Barbara , Jerić Ivanka
Published: June 2024

C-Glycosyl α-amino acid in homo- and heterochiral, homo- and heterovalent oligomers.
Ixora coccinea flower-derived green luminescent carbon quantum dots for Fe3+ recognition and preparation of Pd nanoparticles for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and cyanation process
Authors: Hota Namrata Priyadarshini , Iyer Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu
Published: June 2024

Solvothermal method of producing fluorescent tiny (∼3 nm) nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from Ixora coccinea flowers and o-phenylenediamine has been explained. These quantum dots are used for sensing Fe3+ and for producing Pd nanoparticles.
Novel NiCoP nanoarray modified by NiFeCo layered double hydroxide quantum dots as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis
Authors: Li Lina , Liu Shuang , Yang Tao , Zhou Linlin , Wang Kang , Wang Enhui , Yu Xiangtao , Chou Kuo-Chih , Guo Rui , Ma Zhen , Hou Xinmei
Published: June 2024

The prepared LDHQDs/NiCoP NA demonstrates outstanding overall water splitting performance. The coupling effect between the NiCoP NA and LDHQDs facilitates efficient electron transport and modulates the adsorption and desorption of intermediates.
Green synthesis of glutaramides, piperidino[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-ones and N-cyclopentenyl benzimidazolones enabled by microwave assisted domino reactions of cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones with aniline derivatives
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Hu Xiao-Wei , Xu Yi-Bin , Liu Xiong-Wei , Tian You-Ping , Liu Yun-Lin
Published: June 2024

Microwave-assisted divergent domino reactions between cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones and aniline derivatives selectively leading to either glutaramides, piperidino[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-ones or N-cyclopentenyl benzimidazolones are developed.
A novel approach to the tetracyclic frameworks of anislactone-type sesquiterpenoids
Authors: He Long , Zhang Xiaocheng , Li Sen , Tian Xuexue , Han Yimeng , Xie Haitao , Xie Weiqing
Published: June 2024

A novel approach for synthesizing the A-B-C-D ring system of anislactone-type sesquiterpenoids was enabled by a H2O2-mediated oxidative ring contraction reaction.
Excellent mechanical and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites enabled by a multilayer structure design
Authors: Li Xiaocheng , Zeng Bingbing , Zheng Yu , Zhou Jintang
Published: June 2024

Multilayer structured composites with excellent mechanical and electromagnetic interference shielding properties.
Anchoring PdAg alloys on self-crosslinked carbon dots as efficient catalysts for formic acid dehydrogenation under ambient conditions
Authors: Yuan Zhenluo , Liu Ouyang , Guan Shuyan , Liu Xianyun , Bian Linyan , Peng Qiuming , Han Shumin , Fan Yanping , Liu Baozhong
Published: June 2024

The optimized Pd0.9Ag0.1/CDs catalyst can catalyze complete dehydrogenation of FA in 9.5 min with a TOF value of 617 h−1 at 298 K. This work provides a simple approach for the fabrication of CDs supported highly distributed PdAg alloy catalysts.
In situ hydroprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass-derived molecules into fuels and chemicals using heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Subha Palanivel , Krishan Kumar , Sudarsanam Putla
Published: June 2024

The in situ hydrogenation of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives using liquid hydrogen carriers and heterogeneous catalysts provides greener and sustainable methodologies for producing biofuels and chemicals.
An anthraquinone-based conjugated donor–acceptor (D–A) polymer as a highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Munde Ajay V. , Sanke Devendra M. , Ghosh Nani Gopal , Bezboruah Jasmine , Roy Shiladitya , Zade Sanjio S.
Published: June 2024

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide generation from oxygen and water using polymeric photocatalyst is a promising method for solar to chemical energy transformation. In the polymeric framework, AQ acts as an acceptor, whereas resorcinol acts as a donor through its benzenoid/quinoid forms.
Co-modification of WO3 nanoplates with β-FeOOH/carbon quantum dots combined with plasma treatment enables high-efficiency photoelectrochemical characteristics
Authors: Lee Jui-Teng , Yan Zhi-Cheng , Lin Kuan-Han , Hsiao Po-Hsuan , Liao Pin-Chao , Pu Ying-Chih , Chen Chia-Yun
Published: June 2024

The bioinspired photoanode design, resembling a nut/scale endowed with pine-cone features, boosts the overall effectiveness of PEC performances.
A self-cleaning intraoral flex-occlusometer based on superhydrophobic capacitive sensors for dental health monitoring
Authors: Sun Xin , Dai Ziyi , Zhang Zijie , Fan Xiaoli , Fu Zhiwei , Zhu He , Cai Rong , Qian Kai
Published: June 2024

A self-cleaning flexible occlusometer designed for the oral environment enables wireless monitoring of occlusal force, with resistance to mechanical abrasion, chemical corrosion, and pollutant residues.
Correction: Graph theory and graph neural network assisted high-throughput crystal structure prediction and screening for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Ojih Joshua , Al-Fahdi Mohammed , Yao Yagang , Hu Jianjun , Hu Ming
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Graph theory and graph neural network assisted high-throughput crystal structure prediction and screening for energy conversion and storage’ by Joshua Ojih et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 8502–8515, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA06190F.
Recent progress in 2D inorganic non-conductive materials for alkali metal-based batteries
Authors: Shen Yuxi , Zhu Zengquan , Xu Zhefeng , Li Yueming
Published: June 2024

The recent progress in the strategies for the preparation of 2D inorganic non-conductive materials and their and application in alkali metal-based batteries is summarized in this review.
Black Languaging IS Translanguaging: We Not Just Talkin Bout It, We Bout It Bout It!
Authors: Privette Chelsea , Saechao Karina R.
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to provide a foundational understanding of translanguaging in order to conceptualize Black Languaging as translanguaging and to expand our definition of multilingualism and reframe how we think about Black Language in schools.

Method:

The authors summarize seminal literature in translanguaging and raciolinguistic ideologies in order to theorize about Black Language within a translanguaging framework.

Results:

Centering Black Languaging within a translanguaging framework further implicates the sociopolitical ideologies that shape our conceptualizations of language and dialect and the educational experiences of racially and linguistically minoritized students.

Conclusion:

A sociopolitically informed definition of Black Language allows us to blur the boundaries of languages and dialects and think of all students—especially racially minoritized students—as translanguaging in co-community.
Constraining the physical properties of gas in high-z galaxies with far-infrared and submillimetre line ratios
Authors: Schimek A. , Cicone C. , Shen S. , Decataldo D. , Klaassen P. , Mayer L.
Published: June 2024

Optical emission line diagnostics, which are a common tool for constraining the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies, become progressively inaccessible at higher redshifts for ground-based facilities. Far-infrared (FIR) emission lines, which are redshifted into atmospheric windows that are accessible for ground-based submillimetre facilities, could provide ISM diagnostics alternative to optical emission lines. We investigated FIR line ratios involving [CII] λ158 μm, [OIII] λ88 μm, [OIII] λ52 μm, [NII] λ122 μm, and [NIII] λ57 μm using synthetic emission lines applied to a high-resolution (mgas = 883.4 M⊙) cosmological zoom-in simulation, including radiative transfer post-processing with the code KRAMSES-RT at z = 6.5. We find that the [CII]/[NII]122 ratio is sensitive to the temperature and density of photodissociation regions. It might therefore be a useful tool for tracing the properties of this gas phase in galaxies. We also find that [NII]/[NIII] is a good tracer of the temperature and that [OIII]52/[OIII]88 is a good tracer of the gas density of HII regions. Emission line ratios containing the [OIII] λ88 μm line are sensitive to high-velocity outflowing gas.
Volume density maps of the 862 nm DIB carrier and interstellar dust
Authors: Cox N. L. J. , Vergely J. L. , Lallement R.
Published: June 2024

Context. The carbonaceous macromolecules imprinting the numerous absorptions called diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in astronomical spectra are omnipresent in the Galaxy and beyond. They represent a considerable reservoir of organic matter. However, their chemical formulae, formation, and destruction sites remain unknown. Their spatial distribution and the local relation to other interstellar species is key to tracing their role in the lifecycle of organic matter.

Aims. Volume density maps bring local instead of line-of-sight distributed information and allow for new diagnostics to be captured. We present the first large-scale volume (3D) density map of a DIB carrier and compare it with an equivalent map of interstellar dust.

Methods. The DIB carrier map was obtained through hierarchical inversion of ~202 000 measurements of the 8621 nm DIB obtained with the Gaia-RVS instrument. It covers about 4000 pc around the Sun in the Galactic plane. We built a dedicated interstellar dust map based on the extinction towards the same target stars.

Results. At the ≃50 pc resolution of the maps, the shape of the 3D DIB distribution is found to be remarkably similar to the 3D distribution of dust. On the other hand, the DIB-to-dust local density ratio increases in low-dust areas. It is also increasing away from the disk, however, the minimum ratio is found to be shifted above the Galactic plane to Z=≃+50pc. Finally, the average ratio is also surprisingly found to increase away from the Galactic Center. We suggest that the three latter trends may be indications of a dominant contribution of material from the carbon-rich category of dying giant stars to the formation of the carriers. Our suggestion is based on recent catalogs of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and estimates of the mass fluxes of their C-rich and O-rich ejecta.
The construction of the sPHENIX detector and status of its commissioning
Authors: O’Brien Edward
Published: June 2024

sPHENIX is the first new major detector at RHIC in over twenty years. It is designed for pioneering studies of the Quark Gluon Plasma and Cold QCD phenomena using high-pT jet and heavy flavor probes with a broad kinematic reach and a capability to take large statistics sets of A+A, p+p and p+A data. sPHENIX construction was completed in April 2023. It was commissioned and took first Au+Au data in the RHIC 2023 Run. This paper describes the details of the detector design, challenges of sPHENIX construction, progress on the commissioning and first data from the RHIC 2023 run.
Quark matter and nuclear astrophysics: Recent developments
Authors: Gorda Tyler
Published: June 2024

Does deconfined cold quark matter occur in nature? This is currently one of the fundamental open questions in nuclear astrophysics. In these proceedings, I review the current state-of-the-art techniques to address this question in a model-agnostic manner, by synthesizing inputs from astrophysical observations of neutron stars and their binary mergers, and first-principles calculations within nuclear and particle theory. I highlight recent improvements in perturbative calculations in asymptotically dense cold quark matter, as well as compelling evidence for a conformalizing transition within the cores of massive neutron stars.
An experimental overview: Collective dynamics
Authors: Dobrigkeit Chinellato David
Published: June 2024

One of the most studied phenomena in heavy-ion physics is the collective emission of particles. Historically, the observation of collectivity in nucleus-nucleus collisions has been viewed as proof of the creation of a strongly interacting medium, as neither independent particle emission nor hadronic interactions alone could account for measurements. Intriguingly, collective particle emission was recently also measured in small collision systems, ranging from proton-proton to even high-multiplicity e+e− collisions. In these proceedings, I will elaborate on the current status of the experimental findings regarding collectivity and discuss their implications for the future.
Experimental search for the QCD critical endpoint
Authors: Pandav Ashish
Published: June 2024

The phase diagram of strong interaction has been a subject of intense theoretical and experimental research. One of the big questions in this regard is whether a critical endpoint is associated with the phase transition of strongly interacting matter. There have been rapid theoretical developments to answer this question. On the experimental side, a tremendous effort is put forward to hunt for the critical point in collisions of atomic nuclei. This article gives an experimental overview of some of the key results for critical point searches, mainly focusing on net-proton number fluctuations in nuclear collisions.
New theoretical developments on the early-time dynamics and approach to equilibrium in Heavy-Ion collisions
Authors: Schlichting Sören
Published: June 2024

We discuss recent theoretical developments in understanding the early pre-equilibrium dynamics and onset of hydrodynamic behavior in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We highlight possible experimental signatures of the pre-equilibrium phase, and present recent progress in developing a consistent theoretical description of collective flow in small systems.
Measurement of two-particle correlations and flow coefficients in high multiplicity e+e− collisions using archived ALEPH data at 91-209 GeV
Authors: Chen Yu-Chen , Chen Yi , Lee Yen-Jie , Chang Paoti , McGinn Chris , Sheng Tzu-An , Innocenti Gian Michele , Maggi Marchello
Published: June 2024

We present measurements of two-particle angular correlations of charged particles emitted in high-energy collisions using data collected by the ALEPH detector at LEP between 1992 to 2000. The correlation functions are measured over a wide range of pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle as a function of charged particle multiplicity. Previous measurement with LEP1 data at √S = 91 GeV shows no significant long-range correlations in either lab coordinate or thrust coordinate analyses, with associated yield distributions in agreement with predictions from the PYTHIA v6.1 event generator. The use of higher collision energy LEP2 data allows access to not only higher event multiplicity but also additional production channels beyond the e+e- → y* / Z → q¯q process. Notably, the highest multiplicity bin (Ntrk ≥ 50) suggests a tantalizing disagreement with MC and implies the potential to search for collective phenomena in small systems. This measurement is pushing the studies of long-range correlation to the smallest collision system limit and includes the first flow coefficient (vn) measurement in e+e− collisions, which uses a Fourier decomposition analysis to quantify the anisotropy in the azimuthal two-particle correlation as a function of charged particles’ transverse momentum. This work supplements our understanding of small-system references to long-range correlations observed in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions.
Background control and upper limit on the chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV from STAR
Authors: Feng Yicheng
Published: June 2024

The STAR Collaboration has reported results from a blind analysis of isobar collisions (4496Ru + 4496Ru , 4096Zr + 4096Zr) at √SNN = 200 GeV on the search for the chiral magnetic effect (CME). Significant differences were observed in the measured multiplicity (N) and elliptic anisotropy (v2) between the two isobar systems. In these proceedings, we present two post-blind analyses aimed at mitigating remaining background effects. The first involves employing an event weighting procedure to match the distributions in N and v2 and then comparing the CME-sensitive Δγ correlator and signed balance functions. The second analysis investigates the contributions of the two- and three-particle nonflow to the isobar ratio of Δγ/v2. The estimated background baseline is consistent with the isobar measurements, and an upper limit is extracted on the CME signal.
Search for anomalous chiral effects in heavy-ion collisions with ALICE
Authors: Wang Chun-Zheng
Published: June 2024

The interplay between the chiral anomaly and the strong magnetic or vortical fields created in noncentral heavy-ion collisions can lead to various anomalous chiral effects in the quark–gluon plasma, including the chiral magnetic effect (CME), the chiral magnetic wave (CMW), and the chiral vortical effect (CVE). In this proceeding, recent ALICE measurements of these effects are summarized. Utilizing Event Shape Engineering, fractions of CME and CMW signals extracted in Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV are consistent with zero within uncertainties. The CVE is studied using azimuthal correlations between baryon pair Λ–p with Λ–h and h–h as reference. These measurements provide new insights into the experimental search for anomalous chiral effects in heavy-ion collisions.
Anisotropic flow of identified particles in Au + Au collisions at √SNN = 3 - 3.9 GeV at RHIC
Authors: Liu Zuowen
Published: June 2024

In these proceedings, we present transverse momentum dependence of the mid-rapidity slope of directed flow (dv1/dy|y=0) for π+ and KS0 in Au + Au collisions at √SNN = 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, and 3.9 GeV. Both π+ and KS0 show negative v1 slope at low pT (pT < 0.6 GeV/c). Collision energy dependence of v1 slope and pT -integrated v2 for π±, KS0, and Λ are also presented. A comparison to JAM model calculations indicates that spectator shadowing can lead to anti-flow at low pT. In addition, a breaking of the Number of Constitute Quark (NCQ) scaling of elliptic flow (v2) is observed at √SNN = 3.2 GeV, which implies the dominance of hadronic degrees of freedom occurs in collisions at √SNN = 3.2 GeV and below.
Location of the QCD critical point predicted by holographic Bayesian analysis
Authors: Hippert Mauricio , Grefa Joaquin , Manning T. Andrew , Noronha Jorge , Noronha-Hostler Jacquelyn , Vazquez Israel Portillo , Ratti Claudia , Rougemont Rômulo , Trujillo Michael
Published: June 2024

We present results for a Bayesian analysis of the location of the QCD critical point constrained by first-principles lattice QCD results at zero baryon density. We employ a holographic Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton model of the QCD equation of state, capable of reproducing the latest lattice QCD results at zero and finite baryon chemical potential. Our analysis is carried out for two different parametrizations of this model, resulting in confidence intervals for the critical point location that overlap at one sigma. While samples of the prior distribution may not even predict a critical point, or produce critical points spread around a large region of the phase diagram, posterior samples nearly always present a critical point at chemical potentials of μBc ∼ 550 − 630 MeV.
Pre-equilibrium Photon and Dilepton Production
Authors: Garcia-Montero Oscar , Mazeliauskas Aleksas , Plaschke Philip , Schlichting Sören
Published: June 2024

We use QCD kinetic theory to compute photon and dilepton production in the chemically equilibrating out-of-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma created in the early stages of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We derive universal scaling functions for the pre-equilibrium spectra of photons and dileptons. These scaling functions can be used to make realistic predictions for the pre-equilibrium emission and consequently establish the significance of the preequilibrium phase for the production of electromagnetic probes in heavy-ion collisions.
Heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient during hydrodynamization via effective kinetic theory
Authors: Boguslavski Kirill , Kurkela Aleksi , Lappi Tuomas , Lindenbauer Florian , Peuron Jarkko
Published: June 2024

In these proceedings, we compute the heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient using QCD effective kinetic theory for a plasma going through the bottom-up thermalization scenario until approximate hydrodynamization. This transport coefficient describes heavy quark momentum diffusion in the quark-gluon plasma and is used in many phenomenological frameworks, e.g. in the open quantum systems approach. Our extracted nonthermal diffusion coefficient matches the thermal one for the same energy density within 30%. At large occupation numbers in the earliest stage, the transverse diffusion coefficient dominates, while the longitudinal diffusion coefficient is larger for the underoccupied system in the later stage of hydrodynamization.
Quarkonium transport in weakly and strongly coupled plasmas
Authors: Nijs Govert , Scheihing-Hitschfeld Bruno , Yao Xiaojun
Published: June 2024

We report on progress in the nonperturbative understanding of quarkonium dynamics inside a thermal plasma. The time evolution of small-size quarkonium is governed by two-point correlation functions of chromoelectric fields dressed with an adjoint Wilson line, known in this context as generalized gluon distributions (GGDs). The GGDs have been calculated in both weakly and strongly coupled plasmas by using perturbative and holographic methods. Strikingly, the results of our calculations for a strongly coupled plasma indicate that the quarkonium dissociation and recombination rates vanish in the transport descriptions that assume quarkonium undergoes Markovian dynamics. However, this does not imply that the dynamics is trivial. As a starting point to explore the phenomenological consequences of the result at strong coupling, we show a calculation of the ϒ(1S) formation probability in time-dependent perturbation theory. This is a first step towards the development of a transport formalism that includes non-Markovian effects, which, depending on how close the as of yet undetermined nonperturbative QCD result of the GGDs is to the strongly coupled N = 4 SYM result, could very well dominate over the Markovian ones in quark-gluon plasma produced at RHIC and the LHC.
Analysis of static Wilson line correlators from lattice QCD at finite temperature with T-matrix approach
Authors: Tang Zhanduo , Mukherjee Swagato , Petreczky Peter , Rapp Ralf
Published: June 2024

The thermodynamic T-matrix approach is used to study Wilson line correlators (WLCs) for a static quark-antiquark pair in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Selfconsistent results that incorporate constraints from the QGP equation of state can approximately reproduce WLCs computed in 2+1-flavor lattice-QCD (lQCD), provided the input potential exhibits less screening than in previous studies. Utilizing the updated potential to calculate pertinent heavylight T-matrices we evaluate thermal relaxation rates of heavy quarks in the QGP. We find a more pronounced temperature dependence for low-momentum quarks than in our previous results (with larger screening), which turns into a weaker temperature dependence of the (temperature-scaled) spatial diffusion coefficient, in fair agreement with the most recent lQCD data.
Exploring electromagnetic field effects and constraining transport parameters of QGP using STAR BES-II data
Authors: Prasad Dash Aditya
Published: June 2024

Heavy-ion collisions undergo various stages in their evolution and it is crucial to disentangle the initial- and final-stage effects. In this work, we report measurements of two types of observables: (i) charge-dependent directed flow (Δv1), which is sensitive to the initial ultra-strong electromagnetic fields, and (ii) flow correlations, such as rn(η) which is sensitive to the initial longitudinal de-correlation, and correlations among flow harmonics. These measurements contribute to constraining the initial state of the collisions, and through a comprehensive beam energy scan, we gain significant insights into the system evolution in the presence of initial spatial asymmetry and electromagnetic fields.
Pursuing the precision study for Color Glass Condensate framework in forward single hadron productions
Authors: Shi Yu , Wang Lei , Wei Shu-Yi , Xiao Bo-Wen
Published: June 2024

The forward single hadron production process is an important benchmark process for investigating the emergent properties of gluon saturation or the dense gluon system. We present our recent work [1] in which we improve the prediction accuracy of the next-to-leading order calculation of forward single hadron productions in high-p⊥ regions by implementing the threshold resummations in the Color Glass Condensate framework. Our resummed formula provides accurate descriptions of all related data across a range of energies from RHIC to the LHC. This work sheds light on the path for precision study of Color Glass Condensate based on experimental data.
New measurements of inclusive jet suppression and jet ν2 in Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV with ALICE
Authors: Grünwald Nadine Alice
Published: June 2024

We report measurements of the inclusive charged-particle jet yield in central Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV. Uncorrelated background is suppressed by a novel mixed-event technique, enabling extension of the jet RAA measurement down to pT = 13.5 GeV/c, with kinematic overlap with RHIC jet measurements. We also present measurements of inclusive charged-particle jet v2 in semi-central Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV, and azimuthal dependence of jet yield suppression for event topologies selected using eventshape engineering.
Studying exotic hadrons in high energy nuclear collisions
Authors: Guo Xingyu , Liao Jinfeng , Xing Hongxi
Published: June 2024

Studies of exotic hadrons such as the χc1 (3872) state provide crucial insights into the fundamental force governing the strong interaction dynamics, with an emerging new frontier to investigate their production in high energy nuclear collisions where a partonic medium is present. This contribution discusses the production mechanisms of exotic hadrons in such collisions and analyzes novel e_ects from the partonic medium, demonstrating the potential to use heavy ion measurements for deciphering their internal structure and understanding their in-medium evolutions.
Capillary action and stationary currents in scalar active matter
Authors: Rieger Heiko
Published: June 2024

Active matter consists of particles (motile microorganism or active colloids) that consume nutrients or fuel and convert it into a persistent motion, has received a lot of attention due to its intrinsic out-of-equilibrium character on the microscale [1]. The simplest representatives of active matter are spherically symmetric, active Brownian particles (ABPs) [2] without alignment, however, with excluded volume interactions [3,4].