bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal experimental design for prediction of lean meat content by double-regression in pigs in Slovenia
Authors: MALOVRH Špela , KOVAČ Milena , ČANDEK POTOKAR Marjeta
Published: November 2024

The current equation for assessing lean meat content has been used for six years in Slovenia. In order to recalculate the equation for the two-point DM5 method and to determine a new equation for instrumental method, sixty-one carcasses were dissected according to the new European Union (EU) reference method. The size of sample (N) needed for incomplete dissection in double sampling design (n, N) with respect to expected accuracy and experimental costs was calculated on the basis of subsample dissected (n). In case of univariate double-regression and dissection of ham only, optimal sampling design is (73, 197) for two-point DM5 and (58, 254) for Hennessey Gradig Probe (HGP) method. Required size decreases to (51, 180) and (51, 148) with a dissection of four primal cuts and multivariate double-regression.
Genetic trends of lean meat percentage of the Hungarian landrace population
Authors: NAGY István , CSATÓ László , FARKAS János , RADNÓCZI László
Published: November 2024

Authors analysed the lean meat percentage of 6081 Hungarian Landrace pigs from 18 seed stocks between May 1997 and May 1999. Boars showed somewhat higher lean meat percentage than gilts (0.33 %). The differences among seasons were negligible (1.63 %), the highest values were found in autumn and the lowest in summer. The h2 and c2 values of this trait were 0.14 and 0.14 respectively. The genetic trend was practically zero and it can be concluded that the size of the collected dataset should be increased in order to carry out a proper genetic evaluation.
Artificial Intelligence methods available in meat and milk production
Authors: BÁNKUTI Gyöngyi
Published: November 2024

A synopsis of modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods: knowledge based systems and datamining is giving in the paper. Knowledge based systems can be used in any phase of meat and milk production. If we collect professional information, rules, events, customs and we use the presented methods (programs), we can make an expert advisory system. Datamining is a very young special field of AI. It can “mine” new, unknown information from large databases, without having a hypothesis. In the bibliography not only titles of books but Internet addresses and available journals one listed as well.
Common data structure for information systems in livestock
Authors: JUG Aleksandra , KOVAČ Milena , BRODNIK Andrej
Published: November 2024

This project involves system analysis in order to design information system in animal production. Existing information systems for Slovenian cattle, pig, horse, and rabbit population as well as commercial software were analyzed to derive entity-relationship diagrams (ERD). ERD was translated to relational tables described by data dictionary and model file. All attributes were given the name, data type, definition, and business rules for validity checks. Information systems were divided into twelve modules, while the common two modules were described in details. Module for Identification and registration covers origin, pedigree and movements from herd to herd of individually marked animals. The second module chosen was Database which includes database administration as well as auxiliary tables containing information about codes, partners, their jobs, and addresses. Common processes were developed as screen forms for inserting and querying partner's data and existing codes.
Navigating tourism innovations in the post-COVID-19 era: A case study of Lithuania
Authors: Pociūtė-Sereikienė Gintarė , Liutikas Darius , Baranauskienė Viktorija
Published: November 2024

The goal of this article is to uncover the innovative changes that have emerged in Tourist Information Centres (TICs) in Lithuania as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article is based on the assessment of primary research data collected through completed in-depth questionnaires. The research results revealed that a significant number of TICs transformed their activities while adapting them to local tourists. TICs introduced new products, attractions, and services, updated webpages and mobile applications, and created online souvenir shops. The research results indicated that, because of the lockdown, some state tourism institutions in the regions, along with local service providers, experienced a ‘renaissance’ and a successful period. New products and services were essential for the tourism sector’s survival, and the majority of them continue to be used in the post-COVID reality, providing opportunities for greater resilience and reduced dependence on unexpected circumstances in the future. This article addresses discussion points related to general changes in tourism services in the context of resilience and the application of innovations. Additionally, the article introduces the concept of Re-tourism, which adds value to the development of the theoretical framework for post-COVID tourism.
Slums effect on urban sustainability: Suggested planning mechanisms for development
Authors: Jasim Ihsan Abbas , Al-Tamimi Ahmed  Hani , Al-Maliki Laheab  A. , Al-Mamoori Sohaib K.
Published: November 2024

Slums are considered one of the largest problems that threaten our urban environment, and their negative impact is exacerbated by the passage of time without a radical solution. This research investigated measures that are successful in achieving sustainable urban development within slums or surrounding urban areas. Reducing the negative aspects accompanying the traditional remedies for this phenomenon, which Iraq is currently suffering from, has become a widespread trend in most Iraqi cities. As a result, there emerged belts surrounding urban areas, causing severe repercussions, some of which can be addressed. However, most problems are challenging to address because they affect the urban structure. In Iraqi cities, slums are a feature of the city’s transformation phase, distorting their essence. This phenomenon directly and indirectly affects sustainable urban development by conflicting with one of the most important pillars of sustainable development: not to pass on problems to future generations. Over the past decade, our cities have been formed with slums being a large part of their structure. This poses significant challenges for future generations, which will be difficult to solve unless we proactively address them with effective solutions to mitigate their impact. After reviewing various remedies for this problem, it was found that the proposed treatments were unsuitable for the Iraqi situation. The research proposes the idea of exchange (land versus time). When comparing this strategy with the rest of the treatments, it has been found to be the best solution for slums in Iraq, meeting the requirements of sustainable urban development.
Influence of an interview location on opinions about the ecosystem services provided by trees
Authors: Matczak Piotr , Mielewczyk Marcin , Mączka Krzysztof , Przewoźna Patrycja , Inglot Adam
Published: November 2024

Collecting opinions regarding environmental management is essential, particularly in urban areas where space is limited, and interests often collide. However, the impact of the conditions in which the research is conducted on opinions and preferences elicited via surveys and interviews about the environment is usually taken for granted. The recent development of computer-aided survey methods allows a simulation of an environment, which can create an artificial environment for interviews. Therefore, examining whether direct access to the environment impacts opinions and preferences becomes a significant issue when considering environmental policies and management design and execution. This study examines whether the location of an interview, indoors or outdoors (in the vicinity of trees), influences the opinion on the ecosystem services (ES) trees provide. A quasi-experimental method with a map-aided computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) survey in two Polish cities, indoors and outdoors, in the vicinity of trees, shows that respondents’ location did not significantly affect the opinion on the ES provided by trees. However, on average, respondents answering the survey inside buildings marked more trees on a map than those answering outside. We argue that although an interview location does not have a significant impact on the results, from the perspective of various stakeholder groups in participatory processes, the convenience of place is more important than the character of the place (i.e., in the vicinity of trees) as long as the survey method is mediated by a virtual representation of the subject of the study.
Urban Pigeons as Reservoirs of Critical Pathogens: Improved protocol for sequencing pigeon faeces in disease monitoring
Authors: Hermann Elin , Van Damme Renaud , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Nasirzadeh Leila
Published: November 2024

The spread of pathogens by animals is a serious issue around the world that causes a severe threat to human health. Feral pigeons (Columba livia forma domestica) that live in urban areas are zoonotic carriers of various pathogens that can be transmitted to humans by faecal contamination. This study aimed to detect the presence of bacterial, viral, and specifically fungal pathogens in pigeon faeces based on the World Health Organization's (WHO) priority pathogen list published in 2022. Fresh faecal samples were collected at Uppsala, Central Station, and Svandammen, the pigeons' most relevant gathering spots and feeding sites. Genomic DNA was directly extracted from these samples, and ScilifeLab performed High throughput sequencing through Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT) (PromethION). Metagenomic analysis revealed that most of the critically prioritized viral and bacterial pathogens listed by WHO were present in pigeon faeces. Regarding fungal pathogens, which were the main objective of this study, samples from both studied locations contained all critical, high and, medium-important fungal pathogens published in the WHO list, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Candida auris, Cryptococcus neoformans, Nakaseomyces glabratus, Candida tropicalis, and Cryptococcus gattii. These fungal pathogens pose the risk of invasive fungal diseases and severe infections in low-immunity individuals and vulnerable populations. The findings indicate the importance of conducting further research to comprehensively understand potential exposure to feral pigeons. Furthermore, keeping pigeons away from sensitive areas, such as hospitals, and implementing measures to control pigeon populations can significantly decrease the spread of pathogens.
Comparing the influence of cybersecurity knowledge on attack detection: insights from experts and novice cybersecurity professionals
Authors: Saeed Mozamel M.
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the effect of cybersecurity knowledge on the ability to detect malicious events in a network. We developed a simplified intrusion detection system (IDS) to simulate real-world scenarios and assess detection capabilities. The IDS features typical network intrusion characteristics, such as signature-based detection and anomaly detection, providing a realistic environment for participants. A cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting 75 respondents who were from Al Neelain University, with novices observing ten distinct cyber-attack scenarios, including phishing, malware, and denial-of-service attacks. At the same time, experts examined three complex scenarios involving advanced persistent threats and zero-day exploits. Among these participants, 35 were considered novices (students) in cybersecurity, while 40 were security professionals from technical communities. The study procedure involved novices observing ten scenarios and completing a questionnaire assessing their detection accuracy, while experts observed three scenarios and filled out a similar questionnaire. The specific measures used to determine detection capabilities included the accuracy of identifying malicious events, the rate of false positives (mislabelling benign events as malicious), and the rate of false negatives (failing to identify malicious events). The findings of this study demonstrate that cybersecurity knowledge facilitates the accurate detection of malicious events and reduces mislabelling benign events as malicious. A deep understanding of a particular network is necessary for making precise detection decisions, which rely on cybersecurity knowledge. Experts exhibit the capability to differentiate different types of cyber-attacks. They accurately assess various network settings and determine the maliciousness of networking events with greater precision. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of cybersecurity knowledge in detecting and differentiating cyber-attacks. The expertise of experts in network analysis and precise determination of malicious events emphasizes their significance. These findings have practical implications for enhancing attack detection capabilities.
Prediction and assessment of meteorological drought in southwest China using long short-term memory model
Authors: Li Xiehui , Jia Hejia , Wang Lei , Xiao Tiangui
Published: November 2024

Drought prediction is crucial for mitigating risks and designing measures to alleviate its impact. Machine learning models have been widely applied in the field of drought prediction in recent years. This study concentrated on predicting meteorological droughts in southwest China, a region prone to frequent and severe droughts, particularly in areas with sparse meteorological station coverage. The long short-term memory (LSTM) predictive model, which is a deep learning model, was constructed by calculating standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) values based on 144 weather station observations from 1980 to 2020. The 5-fold cross-validation method was used for the hyperparameter optimization of the model. The LSTM model underwent comprehensive assessment and validation through multiple methods. This included the use of several accuracy assessment indicators and a comparison of results. The comparison covered different drought characteristics among the LSTM predictive model, the benchmark random forest (RF) predictive model, the historical drought situations, and the calculated SPEI values based on observations from 144 weather stations. The results showed that the training results of the LSTM predictive model basically agreed with the SPEI values calculated from weather station observations. The model-predicted variation trend of SPEI values for 2020 was similar to the variation in SPEI values calculated based on weather station observations. On the test set, the coefficient of determination (R
2), the root mean square error, the explained variance score, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, and the Kling–Gupta efficiency were 0.757, 0.210, 0.802, 0.761, and 0.212, respectively. The total consistency rate of the drought grade was 59.26%. The spatial correlation distribution of SPEI values between LSTM model prediction and calculation from meteorological stations in 2020 was more than 0.5 for most regions. The correlation coefficients exceeded 0.6 in western Tibet and Chengdu Plains. Compared to the RF model, the LSTM model excelled in all five performance evaluation metrics and demonstrated a higher overall consistency rate for drought categories. The Kruskal–Wallis test for both the LSTM and RF models all indicated no significant difference in the distributions between the predicted and observed data. Scatter plots revealed that the prediction accuracy for both models in 2020 was suboptimal, with the SPEI showing a comparatively narrow range of values. Nonetheless, the LSTM model significantly outperformed the RF model in terms of prediction accuracy. In summary, the LSTM model demonstrated good overall performance, accuracy, and applicability. It has the potential to enhance dynamic drought prediction in regions with complex terrain, diverse climatic factors, and sparse weather station networks.
The interaction of affix size, type and shape: a cross-linguistic study
Authors: Zingler Tim , Rogers Phillip
Published: November 2024

This study explores the phonological structure of affixes based on different parameters. We begin by investigating the common but insufficiently supported claim that affixes tend to be monosyllabic, and we then take up the ideas that prefixes and suffixes differ in terms of size and in their proclivity for allomorphy. Our database consists of affix lists of 25 unrelated languages, which come from all six geographical macro-areas and yield a total of 1,454 affixes (403 prefixes, 1,051 suffixes). The results show that both prefixes and suffixes are most often monosyllabic, but prefixes are still significantly shorter than suffixes in terms of segments and syllables. There is no significant difference in terms of allomorphy. We argue that the monosyllabic tendency emerges as an artifact, given that a monosyllabic affix is long enough to be perceived, short enough to be economical, and compatible even with simple syllable structures. Meanwhile, prefixes are shorter than suffixes because they pose a challenge for comprehension and because syllable onsets in many languages allow more complexity than codas. The overall insight is that syllables are a prominent domain in morphology as well as phonology, even though various factors may undermine the overlap of affixes and syllables.
Cambios en la percepción acerca de China en los países latinoamericanos y perspectivas de cooperación en el marco de la Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta
Authors: Liu Yitong , Wan Ruxin
Published: November 2024

La Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta, propuesta y puesta en práctica hace una década, ha pasado de ser una idea a una acción y ha logrado notables efectos. Este estudio, bajo la teoría del análisis tridimensional del discurso de Fairclough, investiga sistemáticamente las características y los cambios en la percepción acerca de China en los países latinoamericanos, mediante análisis de textos y prácticas discursivas y sociales. Se revela que, aunque la opinión sobre China es mayoritariamente positiva, aún existen desconfianza y falta de comprensión, por lo que es necesario mejorar la calidad y el nivel de las relaciones bilaterales.
Optimal pair trading: Consumption-investment problem with finite and infinite horizon
Authors: Kabanov Yuri , Kozhevnikov Aleksei
Published: November 2024

We present a simple solution of the consumption-investment problem pair trading on a finite time horizon.
The proof is based on the remark that the HJB equation can be reduced to a linear parabolic equation solvable explicitly. As a further development we obtain also a solution of the problem for the infinite time horizon.
Human Isolation as a Socio-Pedagogical Problem
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Mudrik Anatoly V.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the author’s concept of human isolation as a socio-pedagogical problem. Weak interest to the problem of human isolation in modern socio-humanitarian knowledge is stated and several explanations are offered. The purpose of the article: to characterise human isolation in society as a socio-cultural and psychological-pedagogical phenomenon and a socio-pedagogical problem Methodology. The proposed concept was the result of many years of research, which included the analysis of historical, philosophical, ethnographic, sociological, socio-psychological and pedagogical sources, as well as a variety of empirical materials, which together became the basis of the proposed concept. Results of the study. The isolation is considered in two aspects: the isolation of man as a generic being in phylogenesis and the isolation of a specific individual in specific communities in ontogenesis. Both aspects are meaningfully disclosed. In turn, the isolation of a concrete individual in ontogenesis also has two aspects: social and individual, which are also disclosed in the text. The article analyses different variants of the content of definitions of isolation and gives a variant of the socio-pedagogical definition of this concept.
The Modern Content of the Concept of “Design” in the Context of Design Education
Authors:   National Design Institute, Kuvshinova Galina A.
Published: November 2024

The article attempts to study the concept of “design” from the point of view of modern approaches to its understanding in the context of training relevant and in-demand personnel. The purpose of the article is to analyze the variety of approaches to the definition of the concept of “design” for a clear understanding of what is the object of the designer’s activity in the context of his training. The research methodology was based on the concepts of connectevism, design thinking and the generation of meanings in design. The main research methods are a systematic analysis of generally accepted interpretations of the concept of “design”, a generalization of existing approaches to the definition of the concept under study. The semantic analysis of the concept of “design” presented in the article will, in our opinion, allow us to take a fresh look at the modern content of design education in terms of training highly qualified and in-demand specialists. As a conclusion, the author believes that design education today cannot be reduced to training a specialist with a diploma in design. Design education primarily involves the formation of design thinking, a variety of inter- and meta-subject skills that cannot be formed by studying a set of disciplines alone. This is an education that involves a high level of reflection on understanding the essence of the very concept of “design”. However, the content of this concept, as it appears in the article, depends on a number of factors and is formed at the intersection of various discourses, which modern science has to discover and fix.
Systematic Volunteer-project Approach in the Field of Road Safety
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Shcherbakov Igor N. , Akhmadieva Roza S. ,   Kazan State Institute of Culture
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The article substantiates the idea that a pedagogically oriented systemic volunteer-project approach in the field of ensuring road safety is becoming increasingly relevant in modern society and represents an effective tool for uniting the efforts of professionals and volunteers, with the aim of not only creating a safe and comfortable environment on roads, but also to develop the skills of proper interaction between all road users. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the systematic volunteer-project approach in teaching activities and educational technologies in the implementation of volunteer project activities on road safety. Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis of the study is the volunteer-dissemination method of productive project activities, a generalization of the authors’ own experience in the field of training volunteers and organizing volunteer teams for road safety in schools, universities and non-profit organizations. The results of the study. There are no studies in the scientific literature confirming the effectiveness of systemic volunteer-project approaches in the field of road safety, based on the involvement of as many volunteers as possible in project activity, development and implementation of socially significant projects. The concept of a systemic volunteer-project approach in the field of road safety is formulated. The article analyzes the need and relevance of using the approach proposed by the author in pedagogical and mentoring activities when implementing volunteer project activities on road safety. The authors, in this study, firstly, identified the pedagogical component, secondly, proposed a model, thirdly, described the result of testing, and also provided an analysis of the quantitative and qualitative results of using a systemic volunteer-project approach in the implementation of a social project. Conclusions. The results of the study expand knowledge about pedagogically oriented approaches in the field of road safety. The proposed approach can be used in the development and implementation of project activities for teachers/mentors and/or volunteers and helps to further stimulate volunteers’ interest in self-development.
Preliminary investigation on the vacuum pressure impregnation performance of flame retardant for larch (Larix kaempferi) depending on grooving type
Authors: Jang Eun-Suk , Kang Xiao Jia , Jo Seok-Un , Park Hee-Jun
Published: November 2024

Due to wood’s susceptibility to fire, it is crucial to treat wood-based materials with flame retardants, especially in construction applications. This study investigated the effectiveness of various grooving types, including transverse, longitudinal, both transverse and longitudinal, and surface grooving, in enhancing the vacuum pressure impregnation of larch wood. The results revealed that transverse grooving provided a slightly greater impregnation advantage than longitudinal grooving. Moreover, exceptional impregnation performance was observed in larch samples subjected to threefold longitudinal, transverse, and surface grooving, exhibiting a remarkable improvement of 215% compared to untreated larch. However, a limitation of this study is that only one wood species and one flame retardant formulation were used. While it is meaningful as a preliminary investigation into the vacuum pressure impregnation performance of flame-retardant wood based on groove processing, further studies using various wood species and flame retardants.
A flexible programming and verification methodology for reconfigurable CNC woodworking machine
Authors: Zivanovic Sasa , Dimic Zoran , Furtula Mladen , Slavkovic Nikola , Djurkovic Marija , Vidakovic Jelena
Published: November 2024

An advanced flexible programming methodology for CNC woodworking machines was developed. As the research starting base, a three-axis CNC woodworking machine was used. The developed methodology is proposed for programming, simulation, postprocessing, and machining by woodworking machine. This flexible programming method integrates the standard programming based on CAD, CAD/CAM systems, and STEP-NC protocol through different output files, enabling data interoperability during the realization of the machining tasks. The control system for the machine is configured based on the open-architecture software LinuxCNC to verify the flexible programming method and the results obtained. Programming verification was realized by simulation on a configured virtual machine in different programming environments and finally on a virtual machine integrated with the control system. The results obtained from the study were evaluated comparatively.
Degradative potential of laccase and manganese peroxidase to mycotoxins on infected maize grains by fungi with docking interaction studies
Authors: Selim Samy , Al-Sanea Mohammad M. , Alhejely Amani , Moawad Hanan , Masmali Ibrahim , Hendawy Omnia Magdy
Published: November 2024

Fungal infection in agricultural grains is a global problem, particularly if it is accompanied by mycotoxin production. In this study, the degradation of mycotoxins by laccase and manganese peroxidase was investigated. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Fusarium graminearum were recorded in infected maize grains. Aflatoxin B1 (AF B1) was detected (from 3.38 to 2.60 ppm) on the infected samples by fungi compared to other detected aflatoxins. Trichothecene (T-2) toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) were recorded with concentrations ranging from 0.464 to 0.184 ppm and 0.370 to 0.214 ppm, respectively. The addition of laccase and manganese peroxidase to the inoculated medium with A. flavus and F. graminearum individually degraded the produced AF B1, B2, G1, G2, T-2 toxin, and DON from 5.0, 1.33, 0.76, 0.61, 0.63, and 0.38 ppm to 2.77, 0.66, 0.37, 0.15, 0.45, and 0.38 ppm using laccase, to 3.08, 1.25, 0.61, 0.39, 0.55, and 0.36 ppm using manganese peroxidase. The computational technique (docking) demonstrated the laccase and manganese peroxidase activities on aflatoxin and DON degradation. Consequently, the results suggested that laccase (PDB ID: 1HFU) and manganese peroxidase (PDB ID: 1MNP) promise innovative activity toward aflatoxin degradation, while 1HFU has more effect than 1MNP on DON degradation.
Lietuva – nepriklausoma respublika
Authors: Eidintas Alfonsas
Published: November 2024

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From the memoirs of Vl. Mironas. Elections of the bishop of Vilnius and the king of Lithuania
Authors: Pšibilskis Vygintas Bronius
Published: November 2024

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The problems of Lithuania's self-dependence in the 20th century as discussed by historians in the period of 1988-1990 (historiographic review)
Authors: Biveinienė Ona
Published: November 2024

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The conference held on behalf of the 200 anniversary of the May 3rd constitution
Authors: Raila Eligijus
Published: November 2024

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Talks between Lithuanians and Poles (impressions of the conference)
Authors: Jegelevičius Sigitas
Published: November 2024

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Lithuanian boyairs attitude towards the reforms of the Four years diet (in accordance with the directions of local diets)
Authors: Raila Egidijus
Published: November 2024

The political and economical destruction in the Commonwealth was beginning to increase during the second part of the eighteenth century. The rather vague activity of the political structures was not able to restrain the arrogance of the boyars. On the other hand, the boyars themselves were not very keen on sacrificing their own interests for the sake of a strong centralized authority.
August of 1788 brought election time to the local diets. The Lithuanian boyars had not a single leader at that time. Moreover, no one nobleman, during the local diets of 1788, had any kind of political program to introduce. The class requirements were predominant in the directions of these diets.
The directions of the diets of 1790 did not change the real situation, although quite a large part of the Lithuanian boyars were already put up with the idea of the inevitable new laws, which were still hidden in numerous projects. The encouragement to introduce a new law about running the state could be found in many directions, without, however, making any visible changes in the existing liberty of the boyars.
Statistical analysis of the development of serfdom farms in the Vilnius and Dysna districts in the middle of the 19th century
Authors: Pamerneckis Stasys
Published: November 2024

The decay of feudal relations and intensification of commodity production is analysed on the basis of compulsory inventories in the middle of the 19th century.
The basis of agricultural economy in Llthuania was the farm estate, based on corvey work in the Vilnius and Dysna districts, complete corvey work prevailed. Peasants, who paid money for the ground, accounted for 9%, and semicorvey peasants was about 15% ofthe total number of serfdom farms. This state of things showed, that the state was not indined to abolish serfdom at this time.
Vilnius as a Center of the Jewish Bund
Authors: Vyšniauskas Arūnas
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the role of the Jewish Social Democrats of Vilnius in the process of the consolidation of the Russian Social Democratic movement. In the autumn of 1897, the General Jewish Workers' Union in Russia and Poland was established in Vilnius. Earlier, in the summer of that year, an important agreement was concluded in Switzerland between A. Kremer, the leader of the Jewish Social Democrats of Vilnius, and G. Plekhanov's Group. A. Kremer received written authorizations to convene a constituent congress of the Russian Social Democrats. It was decided at the 1st Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party, which took place in Minsk (about 200 km away from Vilnius) in the spring of 1898, that the Jewish Bund was an incorporated part of the RSDWP. Five of the 9 participants in the 1st Congress of the RSDWP were Jews, with 3 representatives among them of the Bund from Vilnius.
The Jewish Social Democrats of Vilnius still did not raise the idea of the Jewish national revival in 1898, nor did they recognize the importance of the national idea in general. The Bundists spoke out, inter alia, against Lithuania as an independent state, separated from Russia. In 1899-1900, a political break took place among the Bundists. The essence of this break was expressed perhaps most explicitly by M. Goldman (Liber). He urged his associates to give up cosmopolitanism and to focus on their Jewish identity on the basis of the Yiddish language. While coming out for cultural and national autonomy of the Jews, however, Jewish Social Democrats of Vilnius remained supporters of the state integrity of the Russian Empire.
Seeking Refuge in the Ciscarpathian Region: Identification Self-Reflections of Internally Displaced Persons
Authors: Kolomyichuk Oleksandr
Published: November 2024

The difficult life circumstances faced by IDPs in 2014–2022 according to eyewitnesses’ stories, when they have been searching for temporary housing in Ciscarpathian region under the military threat, are considered in the article. Situations and cases from the lives of the interviewees are analysed, when they first have arrived to the host communities of the western Ukrainian region to escape mortal danger. The mutual worldview stereotypes of the inhabitants from the East and West of Ukraine, originating from the past and often imposed from the outside in the 20th century have been outlined. It is emphasized that such bias is not conducive to interpersonal relationships and communication, leaving universal values and moral priorities in the shadow of manipulative attitudes and personal rejection. Through the lens of the lived experience of forced resettlers, their living conditions are compared. They are caused partly by the physical, geographical, and administrative specific character of the area. A special attention is paid to the fact that availability of affordable and safe housing is often the key factor that encourages displaced persons to choose a particular settlement for their life, and is also a prerequisite for their successful social integration. The presence of acquaintances, which helps apparently to calm anxiety and make them feel more confident, is another factor that encourages war refugees to settle in a particular community. Leaving one’s own home, and for some, losing it all together, is an invisible social and psychological trauma that the narrators try to overcome in their life stories. It is emphasized that in the worldview priorities of forced resettlers, which the author has identified during the content analysis of the collected narratives, the sensitive and empathetic behaviour of representatives of host communities is an important factor in the adaptive entry of new comers into an unknown socio-cultural space.
Traditional Values and Practice of Coexistence of the Population of Byshiv Community of Kyiv Region in the Conditions of Russian War of Aggression
Authors: Ponomar Liudmyla
Published: November 2024

New motivations and social orientations of behavior during the war exemplified by the practice of coexistence of the population of Byshiv community of Kyivshchyna are considered in the article. The study of culture of the population of the villages of this community has shown the great importance of traditional heritage for the preservation of originality, in particular, exemplified of the Honey Feast of the Saviour in Vesela Sloboda. Patriotic self-consciousness in the days of war has united the fellow villagers on their small front, becoming a key phenomenon in self-organization, mutual aid. It is emphasized that modern research is of great importance in preserving the memory on Russia’s war against Ukraine. Records of pre-war and wartime coexistence are the evidences of changes those are important material for their interpretation. Therefore, the informants’ records are used widely in the article. Residents of the villages of Byshiv community contribute to the defense of their native land, are engaged in volunteer activities, have become a part of the national resistance movement, demonstrating selflessness, sacrifice and invincibility. The first emotional experiences at the beginning of the war, actions concerning the rapid rallying, unity and support, namely mutual aid, neighbourhood customs of fellow villagers are reflected in the stories of the inhabitants of the villages. The Irpin river has become a natural obstacle in the defense of the villages of Yablunivka and Pereviz, as well as on the enemies’ way to Kyiv making their attacks impossible. The practices of commemorating the dead are considered. The awareness of the inhabitants of the villages of the persistence of traditions from the times of Kyivan Rus is described in the article. The unique importance of folk culture as the informative and spiritual fronts is shown exemplified by Kupala Circle festival in the village of Hruzke of Fastiv district in Kyiv region with the support of the Byshiv community.
Farewells to the War and Military Magic in the Folklore of the Cossack Period: Relationship with the Funeral Rite
Authors: Ivannikova Liudmyla
Published: November 2024

The articleis aimed at the studying the military magic of Zaporizhzhya, Register and Black Sea Cossacks, as well as the rituals associated with their farewell to a land and sea campaigns. Main research methods include descriptive, comparative and comparative-historical ones. The source base is formed with folklore texts of the 16th–18th centuries, in particular, Ukrainian folk dumas, songs, prayers and incantations, as well as ethnographic descriptions of rituals and magical practices related to war. The authoress uses both previously published materials and her own recordings made during the last decade. The theoretical basis for the article consists of the works of predecessors, Ukrainian scientists of the 19th–20th centuries Mykola Kostomarov, Mykola Sementovskyi, Vasyl Myloradovych, Dmytro Yavornytskyi, Kateryna Hrushevska, Prokop Korolenko, and others, who have published a number of primary sources and attempted to analyze them. The scientific novelty of the work concerns the fact that it is the first comprehensive folkloristic study where a comparative analysis of collective and individual magical practices of the Cossack period is carried out. They are supposed to ensure the victory of the Cossack army over the enemy and save the life of every Cossack. All available materials indicate that the ritual of the farewell to war in Cossack times belongs to the rites of passage and is most closely related typologically to the funeral ritual, namely to the symbolic funeral. It duplicates such key elements of the funeral as preparation for death (preparation of new clothes, confession and communion of the Holy Mysteries), a ritualized form of farewell to relatives and the whole community, the use of occasional folklore forms (wishes, blessings, formulas of reconciliation with neighbours), ritual bringing the Cossacks out of «their» cultural space (house, yard, village), mourning a Cossack who goes on a campaign, a joint meal. The same places of farewell also appear: a threshold, a gate, the border of a settlement. Thus, sending off to war can be considered one of the forms of a symbolic funeral.
Informative, Ideological and Didactic Role of the Occupation Press in Accustoming Ukrainians to Life Under the New Order (Based on the Material of Local Periodicals of the Sumy Region in 1942–1943)
Authors: Lytvynchuk Nataliia
Published: November 2024

The Ukrainian present is focusing researchers’ attention on military topics. Interest in the study of the Second World War has especially increased, which gives reason to say that this period has been reactualized in national historical studies. The comprehension of the economic life in the context of the current hard times has encouraged the authoress of the submitted article to look at the studied problems through the lens of the past. In particular, the work is aimed at the searching and studying a collection of local magazines published during the German occupation in one of the regions. First of all, the task is to monitor information in propaganda periodicals related directly or indirectly to the economic system of the occupied territories. As a result of scientific research and analysis, the materials have been selected according to their form and content and grouped into four separate blocks. The first one includes administrative materials typical for the occupation press, through which the Hitler regime has regulated various spheres of economic activity of Ukrainians. The second block is formed with the published works covering the current situation in many sectors of the economy in a propaganda style, calling for compliance with a particular model of economic behavior. The third block contains articles by specialized experts who give practical advice to the public on how to run a personal peasant household. The fourth block includes actually short motivational texts used to direct the local population to live under the new order. Grouping the materials in this way and studying their content, among other things, have allowed us to trace how local newspapers performed several functions simultaneously during the German occupation: informative, ideological, and didactic. It is found that these media have covered a rather wide range of the Ukrainian economic system, but because of their ideological nature, the interpretation of the relevant content should a priori take into account the context of the social and political life of the time.
Topological differentiation of vegetation of the Lublin-Volyn geobotanical district
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Didukh Ya.P. , Rozenblit Yu.V. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Logvynenko I.P. ,   Rivne State University of the Humanities 31 Plastova Str., Rivne 33000, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The position of the Lublin and Volyn (Volhynian) uplands within the geobotanical zonation system is ambiguous and disputable. An analysis of the syntaxonomical diversity and landscape distribution of the egetation of the Lublin and Volyn uplands revealed their similarity, and we consider this whole territory as the Lublin-Volyn geobotanical district of hornbeam-oak, oak forests, and steppe meadows. This district differs from the adjacent territories and is classified within the Central European mixed forests ecoregion. Typical and diagnostic syntaxa have been identified, and ecological-coenotic profiles have been constructed to characterize the distribution patterns of shrub-forest and herbaceous vegetation within the landscape. Based on calculations of phytosociological indicators for the main ecological factors, graphical patterns of their variation were developed. It was determined that the characteristic forests of the district, Tilieto-Carpinetum (Carpinion betulis), are represented by four variants (T.-C. var. galeobdolosum; T.-C. var. hepaticosum; T.-C. var. caricosum pilosae; T.-C. var. isopyrosum). The district is also characterized by the presence of syntaxa associated with carbonate soils, both of the marsh type (Caricion davallianae) and the meadow-steppe type (Cirsio-Brachypodion, Festucion valesiacae), with the dominance of Carex humilis and Stipa capillata. Using DCA-analysis, the correlation between ecological factor indicators and the distribution of plant communities within the ecological space has been established, forming six fields distributed along three vectors: by moisture (aquatic and marsh communities), xerophytism, and chemical properties of soils (meadow-steppe communities), as well as the structure of coenoses with a specific ombroregime (forest communities).
Toward the Madrid Code: nomenclatural proposals of Ukrainian botanists
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Hayova V.P. , Boiko G.V. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Mosyakin S.L. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants is the document that regulates the nomenclature of taxa belonging to these groups of organisms, and thus it is crucially important for maintaining stability of scientific names applied to them. Stable, universal, and properly regulated nomenclature is a solid basis of biological taxonomy and all fields of science and other human activities depending on knowledge of living and fossil organisms. The Code is governed by the users represented by members of the Nomenclature Section of an International Botanical Congress. The Nomenclature Section has a power to modify the Code by voting and taking actions on formal proposals to amend the Code that are submitted by the users before the Congress. In this article, information is provided on the nomenclatural proposals by Ukrainian botanists (and one mycologist), or with participation of Ukrainian botanists, submitted to the XX International Botanical Congress (XX IBC) held in Madrid in July 2024. In total, nine Ukrainian scientists from Kyiv (M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) and Lviv (Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv) have submitted 29 proposals to amend the Code, or 6.7% of the total number of proposals to amend the Code submitted to the XX IBC. These proposals were either single authored, or co-authored by Ukrainian authors and/or authors from other countries. Some of the accepted (3), accepted as amended (2), and rejected proposals are considered and briefly discussed. The participation and contribution of Ukrainian scientists in the process of amending the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants are emphasized.
Disorders of Coagulation in the Newborn
Authors: Ostilla Lorena , Knopoff Karyssa , Myers Patrick , Morocco Perry
Published: November 2024

The coagulation system in newborns varies from that of children and adults, with many circulating hemostatic factors being lower in the newborn. Infants are also susceptible to diseases and conditions in the pregnant person affecting their coagulation system, which can make it difficult to rapidly identify the cause behind coagulopathy in a neonate. Coagulation disorders can result in high levels of infant morbidity and mortality, which makes early diagnosis and prompt treatment critical. This review outlines the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management, epidemiology, and etiologies of both common and uncommon congenital and acquired forms of neonatal coagulopathy.
Alloimmunization in Pregnancy: Implications for the Fetus and Neonate
Authors: MacGregor Scott N.
Published: November 2024

Blood group or red cell alloimmunization occurs when a pregnant patient has produced antibodies to a blood group antigen possessed by the fetus and not possessed by the pregnant patient. Maternal antibodies are usually produced as an immune response to fetal-maternal bleeding or blood product transfusion. Prevention remains the most important strategy to avoid the formation of maternal antibodies or alloimmunization. Maternal alloimmunization may result in transplacental passage of these antibodies into the fetal circulation and the potential for fetal or neonatal hemolysis and anemia. Red cell alloimmunization can result in significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Management of alloimmunization in pregnant patients should be protocol-driven. Current strategies for assessment and therapies allow for more thorough and less invasive management with risks to mother and fetus.