bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Damage Index for Beam–Column Joints with Flush End-Plate Connections
Authors: Su Jizhi , Zhou Jinpu , Liu Weiran , Li Yong , Yu Haifeng , Li Qilian
Published: November 2024

Experimental results from 109 flush end-plate (FEP) connections were analyzed to investigate the failure modes and damage index of FEP connections across various damage states. The present study was conducted in accordance with the performance design objectives specified in China’s GB50011-2010 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings. The observed rotation angles and corresponding rotation factors were systematically categorized using a probabilistic statistical approach, with the 95% confidence lower limit as the primary constraint. The damage states of FEP connections were classified as virtually undamaged, lightly damaged, moderately damaged, severely damaged, and joint failure. A minimum plate thickness of 12 mm and a minimum high-strength bolt diameter of 20 mm are recommended to be used for the FEP connections, in accordance with building codes in China, the United States, and Europe. Quasi-static tests of six FEP connections were conducted to validate the damage-state categorization. The results revealed that for connections undergoing moderate and severe damage, the mean rotation factor deviated from the theoretical values proposed in this study by 3.7% and 9.4%, respectively. Therefore, the damage state of FEP connections can be reliably predicted based on different rotation angles using the damage-state categorization presented herein.
Influence of Coarse Aggregate Exposure on Air Purification Efficiency in Photocatalytic Cement Composites
Authors: Chilmon Karol , Kalinowski Maciej , Jackiewicz-Rek Wioletta
Published: November 2024

This study investigated how the surface characteristics of photocatalytic cementitious composites influenced the effectiveness of air purification from nitrogen oxides (NOx), with a particular focus on the impact of coarse aggregate exposure on the photoactive surface. Air purification efficiency tests were conducted using a custom-developed procedure that simulated NOx concentrations and UV irradiance typical of autumn and winter conditions in Warsaw, Poland. The findings revealed that the extent of exposed coarse aggregate on the photoactive surface significantly affected photocatalytic efficiency, reducing the overall NO removal rate by up to 50% compared to the reference value. The use of hydration retarders modified the surface characteristics of the photocatalytic cement matrix, enhancing its photoactive potential. The observed decline in photocatalytic efficiency in composites with exposed coarse aggregate was attributed to the coarse aggregate’s limited ability to retain nanometric photocatalyst particles, which reduced the overall TiO2 content in the composite’s near-surface layer. Nevertheless, cementitious composites incorporating a first-generation photocatalyst exhibited substantial photocatalytic activity, achieving NO removal rates of up to 340 µg/m2·h for non-exposed variants and up to 175 µg/m2·h for variants with exposed aggregate. These results demonstrated their functionality even under low-intensity UV-A irradiation (1 W/m2), making them suitable for environments with limited sunlight exposure.
Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Olcay Rubén H. , Palacios Elia G. , Reyes Iván A. , García-Hernández Laura , Ramírez-Ortega Pedro A. , Ordoñez Sayra , Juárez Julio C. , Reyes Martín , González-Islas Juan-Carlos , Flores Mizraim U.
Published: November 2024

Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using the green chemistry technique; ferric chloride was used as a precursor agent and Moringa oleifera extract was used as a stabilizer agent. A black powder, characteristic of magnetite, was obtained. X-ray diffraction was performed on the synthesis product and identified as magnetite (Fe3O4). Scanning electron microscopy characterization shows that nanoparticles have a spherical morphology, with sizes ranging from 15 nm to 35 nm. The synthesis of carbon nanotubes was carried out by the pyrolytic chemical deposition technique, from which multiwalled carbon nanotubes were obtained with diameters of 15–35 nm and of varied length. The decoration was carried out using the wet and sonification technique, where a non-homogeneous coating was obtained around the nanotubes. The thermal decomposition for both decorated and undecorated nanotubes presents two mass losses but with different slopes, where the activation energy for the decorated carbon nanotubes was 79.54 kJ/mol, which shows that the decoration gives more stability to the nanotubes since the activation energy of the undecorated nanotubes is 25.74 kJ/mol.
Survival Benefit of Primary Tumor Treatment in Uveal Melanoma: A Re-Analysis of the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) and Natural History Study (NHS) Cohorts
Authors: Witzenhausen Hans , Stalhammar Gustav
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate whether primary tumor treatment provides a survival benefit in uveal melanoma by comparing patients who declined treatment (Natural History Study, NHS) with those who received treatment in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) for medium-sized choroidal melanomas. Methods: Individual-level survival data were reverse-engineered from cumulative all-cause mortality curves in the original COMS and NHS publications. Censoring patterns were estimated from numbers at risk and descriptive statistics. A Bonferroni-corrected significance level of 0.017 was applied. Additionally, to ensure a conservative approach, NHS cohort data were iteratively adjusted by reducing the 8-year cumulative mortality by one percentage point if the Cox regression hazard ratio for all-cause mortality, the unadjusted risk ratio for death, and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the Kaplan–Meier curves did not show a smaller survival difference than originally reported. Results: Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly higher cumulative mortality in the NHS cohort compared to the COMS cohort (log–rank p = 0.012). When restricting the analysis to the first 8 years to account for unclear censoring patterns beyond this period, the NHS cohort still demonstrated worse survival (p = 0.008). A sensitivity analysis, varying censoring times by ±25% over 1000 iterations, confirmed worse survival in the NHS cohort in 100% of cases. Conclusions: In this re-evaluation, patients who declined treatment for medium-sized choroidal melanomas had significantly worse survival, suggesting a potential survival benefit of primary tumor treatment.
Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Accelerate Growth and Invasiveness of Breast Cancer Cells in 3D Long-Term Breast Cancer Models
Authors: Osuala Kingsley O. , Heyza Joshua , Zhao Zhiguo , Xu Yong , Moin Kamiar , Ji Kyungmin , Mattingly Raymond R.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a prominent cell type in the tumor microenvironment (TME), significantly contributes to cancer progression through interactions with cancer cells and other TME components. Consequently, targeting signaling pathways driven by CAFs has potential to yield new therapeutic approaches to inhibit cancer progression. However, the mechanisms underlying their long-term interactions with cancer cells in vivo remains poorly understood. Methods: To address this, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) parallel coculture model of human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and CAFs using our innovative TAME devices. This model allowed for the analysis of TNBC paracrine interactions via their secretome over extended culture periods (at least 70 days). Results: Using TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF10.DCIS, and HCC70), we found that TNBC spheroids in 3D parallel cocultures with CAFs exhibited more pronounced invasive finger-like outgrowths than those in cocultures of TNBC cells and normal fibroblasts (NFs) over a period of 50–70 days. We also established that the CAF-derived secretome affects TNBC migration towards the CAF secretome region. Additionally, we observed a preferential migration of CAFs, but not NFs, toward TNBC spheroids. Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that paracrine interactions between TNBC cells and CAFs enhance TNBC invasive phenotypes and promote reciprocal migration.
Posterior Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy: An Anatomical Essay and Surgical Update
Authors: Feciche Bogdan Ovidiu , Barbos Vlad , Big Alexandru , Porav-Hodade Daniel , Cumpanas Alin Adrian , Latcu Silviu Constantin , Zara Flavia , Barb Alina Cristina , Dumitru Cristina-Stefania , Cut Talida Georgiana , Ismail Hossam , Novacescu Dorin
Published: November 2024

Posterior retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (PRLA) has emerged as a revolutionary, minimally invasive technique for adrenal gland surgery, offering significant advantages over traditional open approaches. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive update on PRLA, focusing on its anatomical foundations, surgical technique, and clinical implications. We conducted an extensive review of the current literature and surgical practices to elucidate the key aspects of PRLA. The procedure leverages a unique “backdoor” approach, accessing the adrenal glands through the retroperitoneum, which necessitates a thorough understanding of the posterior abdominal wall and retroperitoneal anatomy. Proper patient selection, meticulous surgical planning, and adherence to key technical principles are paramount for successful outcomes. In this paper, the surgical technique is described step by step, emphasizing critical aspects such as patient positioning, trocar placement, and adrenal dissection. PRLA demonstrates reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times compared to open surgery, while maintaining comparable oncological outcomes for appropriately selected cases. However, the technique presents unique challenges, including a confined working space and the need for surgeons to adapt to a posterior anatomical perspective. We conclude that PRLA, in the right clinical setting, offers a safe and effective alternative to traditional adrenalectomy approaches. Future research should focus on expanding indications and refining techniques to further improve patient outcomes.
Deactivation and Regeneration Studies of Molybdenum-Based Catalysts in the Oxidative Desulfurization of Marine Fuel Oil
Authors: Roy Teddy , Alakari Joy , Lancelot Christine , Blanchard Pascal , Poinel Line , Lamonier Carole
Published: November 2024

The oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of heavy fuel oil (HFO) offers a promising solution for desulfurizing marine fuels under mild conditions, in line with current environmental regulations. While most studies focus on model or light fuels, explaining deactivation through leaching or sulfone adsorption, the deactivation mechanisms of catalysts in HFO remain poorly understood. In this work, Mo-based catalysts supported on alumina were extensively characterized before and after catalytic reactions, and regeneration through air calcination was considered. Techniques such as XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XRF, and TGA, alongside catalytic testing with H2O2 as an oxidant, revealed that Mo surface speciation significantly impacted both activity and deactivation. Contrary to well-dispersed polymolybdates, crystalline MoO3 induced low activity and hindered regeneration. No leaching of the active phase was demonstrated during the reaction. Sulfone adsorption had minimal impact on deactivation, while non-sulphur compounds appeared to be the key contributors. Regeneration outcomes were found to be molybdenum content-dependent: 10Mo/Al recovered its activity, while 20Mo/Al formed inactive phases, like Al2(MoO4)3. Using an organic oxidant (tBHP) during ODS influenced the regeneration, as it prevented Al2(MoO4)3 formation and redispersed crystalline MoO3, enhancing performance. These findings advance understanding of catalyst deactivation and suggest strategies to extend catalyst life in the ODS of HFO.
Impairment of Glucose Uptake Induced by Elevated Intracellular Ca2+ in Hippocampal Neurons of Malignant Hyperthermia-Susceptible Mice
Authors: Uryash Arkady , Mijares Alfredo , Adams Jose A. , Lopez Jose R.
Published: November 2024

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a genetic disorder triggered by depolarizing muscle relaxants or halogenated inhalational anesthetics in genetically predisposed individuals who have a chronic elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in their muscle cells. We have reported that the muscle dysregulation of [Ca2+]i impairs glucose uptake, leading to the development of insulin resistance in two rodent experimental models. In this study, we simultaneously measured the [Ca2+]i and glucose uptake in single enzymatically isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons from wild-type (WT) and MH-R163C mice. The [Ca2+]i was recorded using a Ca2+-selective microelectrode, and the glucose uptake was assessed utilizing the fluorescent glucose analog 2-NBDG. The MH-R163C hippocampal neurons exhibited elevated [Ca2+]i and impaired insulin-dependent glucose uptake compared with the WT neurons. Additionally, exposure to isoflurane exacerbated these deficiencies in the MH-R163C neurons, while the WT neurons remained unaffected. Lowering [Ca2+]i using a Ca2+-free solution, SAR7334, or dantrolene increased the glucose uptake in the MH-R163C neurons without significantly affecting the WT neurons. However, further reduction of the [Ca2+]i below the physiological level using BAPTA decreased the insulin-dependent glucose uptake in both genotypes. Furthermore, the homogenates of the MH-R163C hippocampal neurons showed an altered protein expression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and GLUT4 compared with the WT mice. Our study demonstrated that the chronic elevation of [Ca2+]i was sufficient to compromise the insulin-dependent glucose uptake in the MH-R163C hippocampal neurons. Moreover, reducing the [Ca2+]i within a specific range (100–130 nM) could reverse insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).
Effect of Surface-Textured AlSiTiN Coating Parameters on the Performance of Ball-End Milling Cutter in Titanium Alloy Milling
Authors: Yang Shucai , Yu Dongqi , Wang Dawei
Published: November 2024

In the high-speed milling of titanium alloys, the combined application of surface texture and coatings can significantly enhance the performance of cemented carbide tools. Investigating the synergistic effect of surface texture and AlSiTiN coating on tool performance is crucial for advancing the development of their integrated preparation process. Therefore, in this study, a cemented carbide ball-end milling cutter is taken as the research object, and a surface-textured AlSiTiN coating is applied to the rake face. The effects of texture and coating parameters on the milling performance of titanium alloys are analyzed, and a regression model is developed to optimize the relevant parameters. The results indicate that the surface texture effectively reduces the actual contact area between the tool and the chip, serves as a storage space for chips, and enhances the wear resistance of the AlSiTiN coating. The coating thickness significantly affects milling force, milling temperature, and surface wear. An increase in coating thickness improves the hardness and integrity of the coating surface, and it also strengthens the adhesion of the texture to the coating. Additionally, precise control of the laser power plays a key role in reducing the milling temperature, while both the number of scans and the scanning speed significantly influence surface wear. Furthermore, maintaining an appropriate distance from the edge is crucial for enhancing the surface roughness of the workpiece. The optimized parameters for surface texture and coating preparation are as follows: coating thickness (h) = 3.0 µm, laser power (p) = 40 W, scanning speed (v) = 1590 µm/min, number of scans (n) = 6, texture diameter (d) = 42 µm, texture spacing (l) = 143 µm, and distance from the edge (l1) = 104 µm. The optimized milling performance of the milling cutter shows a significant improvement.
Performance Enhancement of MoSe2 and WSe2 Based Junction Field Effect Transistors with Gate-All-Around Structure
Authors: Woo Changlim , Abderrahmane Abdelkader , Jung Pangum , Ko Pilju
Published: November 2024

Recently, two-dimensional materials have gained significant attention due to their outstanding properties such as high charge mobility, mechanical strength, and electrical characteristics. These materials are considered one of the most promising solutions to overcome the limitations of semiconductor technology and are being utilized in various semiconductor device research. In particular, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) and tungsten diselenide (WSe2) are actively being developed for device applications due to their high electron mobility, optical properties, and electrical characteristics. In this study, we fabricated MoSe2 and WSe2-based junction field-effect transistors (JFET) and further deposited two-dimensional materials on the same device to fabricate and compare JFETs with a gate-all-around (GAA) structure. The research results showed that the GAA-structure JFET exhibited performance improvements in drain current, subthreshold swing (SS) transconductance (gm), and mobility, achieving enhancements ranging from a minimum of 1.2 times to a maximum of 10 times compared to conventional JFET.
Atmosphere-Controlled Solvatomorphic Transitions of Ternary Copper(II) Coordination Compounds in Solid State
Authors: Vušak Darko , Primožić Matea , Prugovečki Biserka
Published: November 2024

Reactions of copper(II) sulfate with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and l-serine (l-Hser) were investigated using different solution-based and mechanochemical methods. Four new ternary coordination compounds were obtained by solution-based synthesis, and three of them additionally via the liquid-assisted mechanochemical method: α-[Cu(l-Ser)(H2O)(bpy)]2SO4 (1a-α), β-[Cu(l-Ser)(H2O)(bpy)]2SO4 (1a-β), [Cu(l-Ser)(H2O)(bpy)]2SO4·6H2O (1a∙6H2O), and [Cu(l-Ser)(bpy)(CH3OH)]2SO4·2CH3OH (1b∙3CH3OH). The compounds were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Structural studies revealed two polymorphs (1a-α and 1a-β) and two solvatomorphs (1a∙6H2O and 1b∙3CH3OH). To investigate the stability of the compounds, crystalline samples were exposed to different conditions of relative humidity (RH) and an atmosphere of methanol vapours. Successful solid-state transformation of 1a∙6H2O into 1a-α was established at lower RH values, and vice versa at higher RH values, while both compounds partially transitioned to 1a-β in the atmosphere of methanol vapours. Compound 1b∙3CH3OH decomposed spontaneously into 1a-α by standing in the air. All of the investigated structural transformations were underpinned with proposed mechanisms. Additionally, 1a-α showed moderate in vitro antiproliferative activity toward a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), a human colon cancer cell line (HCT116), and a human lung cancer cell line (H460).
Correction: Alvarado-Miranda et al. Capecitabine Plus Aromatase Inhibitor as First Line Therapy for Hormone Receptor Positive, HER2 Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer. Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30, 6097–6110
Authors: Alvarado-Miranda Alberto , Lara-Medina Fernando Ulises , Muñoz-Montaño Wendy R. , Zinser-Sierra Juan W. , Galeana Paula Anel Cabrera , Garza Cynthia Villarreal , Sanchez Benitez Daniel , Limón Rodríguez Jesús Alberto , Arce Salinas Claudia Haydee , Guijosa Alberto , Arrieta Oscar
Published: November 2024

In the original publication [...]
Immunotherapy Responses in Viral Hepatitis-Induced HCC: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Anwar Junaid , Arslan Hafiz Muhammad , Sarfraz Zouina , Shuroog Juwairiya , Abdelhakeem Ahmed , Saeed Ali , Saeed Anwaar
Published: November 2024

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent liver cancer with poor prognosis, often linked to hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of immunotherapy in HCC, particularly in cases arising from viral hepatitis. Methods: In adherence to PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines, the immunotherapeutic outcomes comprised objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Data were analyzed from randomized controlled trials up to April 2024 using the fixed-effects models in R (V.4.3.3.) and RevMan (Cochrane). Results: This study included 9 trials with 5316 patients. The ORR was slightly higher in the viral group at 27.93% compared to 24.07% in the non-viral group, though this difference was not significant (p = 0.15). Viral HCC patients exhibited a median PFS of 7.3 months (IQR: 6.2–8.4) compared to 5.8 months (IQR: 5.48–6.13) in non-viral patients, a significant improvement (p = 0.005). Similarly, median OS was longer in the viral group at 16.8 months (IQR: 12.99–20.61) versus 15.2 months (IQR: 13.25–17.15) for non-viral HCC, which was also significant (p < 0.0001). The median OS for viral HCC was 16.8 months (IQR: 14.11–19.49 months), with HBV patients experiencing slightly higher survival at 17.15 months (IQR: 14.3–20 months) compared to 16.8 months (IQR: 12.99–20.61 months) for HCV patients; this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.89). Conclusions: Immunotherapy shows potential in treating HCC, with significantly better outcomes in viral HCC, particularly HBV-associated cases. The heterogeneity highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches based on the viral background of HCC patients. Further research should aim to optimize these therapies to improve survival rates.
Reduction in Synovitis Following Genicular Artery Embolization in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Ultrasound and MRI Study
Authors: Hindsø Louise , Hölmich Per , Petersen Michael M. , Xu Jack J. , Heerwagen Søren , Nielsen Michael B. , Riis Robert G. C. , Hansen Adam E. , Terslev Lene , Taudorf Mikkel , Lönn Lars
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Genicular artery embolization (GAE) has demonstrated potential as a treatment for knee osteoarthritis by targeting inflammation and pain, although current evidence remains limited. This study used imaging biomarkers to objectively assess synovitis and possible ischemic complications following GAE. Methods: This was a prospective, single-center trial including participants with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis. Ultrasound, contrast-enhanced (CE), and non-CE-MRI were performed two days before and one and six months after GAE. Ultrasound biomarkers included synovial hypertrophy, effusion, and Doppler activity. A combined effusion-synovitis score was assessed on non-CE-MRI, while CE-MRI allowed differentiation between synovium and effusion and was used to calculate whole-joint and local synovitis scores. The post-GAE MRIs were reviewed for ischemic complications. Results: Seventeen participants (aged 43–71) were treated. Significant reductions were observed in ultrasound-assessed synovial hypertrophy and Doppler activity, as well as in CE-MRI local and whole-joint synovitis scores. While reductions in effusion were noted in both ultrasound and MRI, these changes did not reach statistical significance. At one month, MRI revealed three cases of nonspecific osteonecrosis-like areas, which resolved completely by six months. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a reduction in synovitis and no permanent ischemic complication following GAE in knee osteoarthritis. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of the procedure.
Evaluating Factors Affecting Mean Glandular Dose in Mammography: Insights from a Retrospective Study in Dubai
Authors: Noor Kaltham Abdulwahid Mohammad , Norsuddin Norhashimah Mohd , Karim Muhammad Khalis Abdul , Isa Iza Nurzawani Che , Ulaganathan Vaidehi
Published: November 2024

Background/Objective: This study evaluates the mean glandular dose (MGD) in mammography screening for women aged 40–69 in Dubai, based on a retrospective analysis of a dose survey involving 2599 participants. Methods: MGD was calculated using the Dance formula. Results: The average MGD was 0.96 ± 0.39 mGy for mediolateral oblique (MLO) views and 0.81 ± 0.33 mGy for craniocaudal (CC) views. Weak inverse correlations were found between age and organ dose (OD) for both views, while a direct relationship was observed between breast thickness and entrance skin dose (ESD). In adjusted models, ESD was strongly associated with MGD (β = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.09), while OD showed a moderate association (β = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.49). Significant variations in ESD, OD, and MGD were noted across age groups and breast thicknesses. Conclusions: Lower MGD indicates reduced radiation exposure risk, while higher MGD in MLO views suggests improved imaging quality. Monitoring and optimizing MGD are essential for enhancing patient safety and screening efficacy.
Multimodal MRI and 1H-MRS for Preoperative Stratification of High-Risk Molecular Subtype in Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas
Authors: Han Xin , Xiao Kai , Bai Jie , Li Fengqi , Cui Bixiao , Cheng Ye , Liu Huawei , Lu Jie
Published: November 2024

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) genes are critical molecular markers in determining treatment options and predicting the prognosis of adult-type diffuse gliomas. Objectives: this study aimed to investigate whether multimodal MRI enables the differentiation of genotypes in adult-type diffuse gliomas. Methods: a total of 116 adult-type diffuse glioma patients (61 males, 51.5 (37, 62) years old) who underwent multimodal MRI before surgery were retrospectively analysed. Multimodal MRI included conventional MRI, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Conventional visual features, N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA)/Creatine (Cr), Choline (Cho)/Cr, Cho/NAA, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and diffusion histogram parameters were extracted on the whole tumour. Multimodal MRI parameters of IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype gliomas were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test, Student’s t-test, or Pearson chi-square tests. Logistic regression was used to select the MRI parameters to predict IDH-mutant gliomas. Furthermore, multimodal MRI parameters were selected to establish models for predicting MGMT methylation in the IDH-wildtype gliomas. The performance of models was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristics curve. Results: a total of 56 patients with IDH-mutant gliomas and 60 patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastomas (GBM) (37 with methylated MGMT and 17 with unmethylated MGMT) were diagnosed by 2021 WHO classification criteria. The enhancement degree (OR = 4.298, p < 0.001), necrosis/cyst (OR = 5.381, p = 0.011), NAA/Cr (OR = 0.497, p = 0.037), FA-Skewness (OR = 0.497, p = 0.033), MD-Skewness (OR = 1.849, p = 0.035), FAmean (OR = 1.924, p = 0.049) were independent factors for the multimodal combined prediction model in predicting IDH-mutant gliomas. The combined modal based on conventional MRI, 1H-MRS, DTI parameters, and histogram performed best in predicting IDH-wildtype status (AUC = 0.890). However, only NAA/Cr (OR = 0.17, p = 0.043) and FA (OR = 0.38, p = 0.015) were associated with MGMT methylated in IDH-wildtype GBM. The combination of NAA/Cr and FA-Median is more accurate for predicting MGMT methylation levels than using these elements alone (AUC, 0.847 vs. 0.695/0.684). Conclusions: multimodal MRI based on conventional MRI, 1H-MRS, and DTI can provide compound imaging markers for stratified individual diagnosis of IDH mutant and MGMT promoter methylation in adult-type diffuse gliomas.
Helicases at Work: The Importance of Nucleic Acids Unwinding Under Cold Stress
Authors: Pavankumar Theetha L. , Rai Navneet , Pandey Pramod K. , Vincent Nishanth
Published: November 2024

Separation of duplex strands of nucleic acids is a vital process in the nucleic acid metabolism and survival of all living organisms. Helicases are defined as enzymes that are intended to unwind the double-stranded nucleic acids. Helicases play a prominent role in the cold adaptation of plants and bacteria. Cold stress can increase double-strand DNA breaks, generate reactive oxygen species, cause DNA methylation, and stabilize the secondary structure of RNA molecules. In this review, we discuss how helicases play important roles in adaptive responses to cellular stress caused by low temperature conditions, particularly in bacteria and plants. We also provide a glimpse of the eminence of helicase function over nuclease when an enzyme has both helicase and nuclease functions.
Isolated Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmotic Injury: A Case Series and Proposed Mechanism
Authors: Asper Sydney , Allen Hailey , Soltanolkotabi Maryam
Published: November 2024

Objective: To review imaging findings of isolated tibiofibular interosseous membrane (IOM) injury and propose an injury mechanism. Case Report: A retrospective review was conducted on five patients who presented with lower leg pain following a traumatic athletic injury. MRI examinations revealed isolated tibiofibular IOM injury without associated fractures or distal syndesmotic disruption. The observed injury patterns, along with the blunt, non-rotational trauma reported in each case, suggest that the mechanism behind this unique presentation may involve sudden traction or direct impact to the lower leg. Conclusion: Isolated tibiofibular IOM injury should be considered in patients with lower leg pain after blunt trauma. MRI of the entire tibia and fibula can be instrumental in characterizing and confirming the injury and should be considered when clinical and injury mechanism indicators are present.
Surface Defect Detection of Steel Balls Based on Surface Full Expansion and Image Difference
Authors: Li Chen , Ni Hongjun , Ukida Hiroyuki , Zhang Jiaqiao , Wang Bo , Lv Shuaishuai
Published: November 2024

The steel ball, as a key rolling element in mechanical equipment, directly affects the performance and service life of the bearing through its surface quality. Traditional methods for detecting surface defects on steel balls often face challenges in efficiency and stability. They struggle with three-dimensional surfaces and are easily affected by noise interference. This paper proposes a defect detection method for the steel ball surface based on Axial Cone mirror expansion and Improved Image Difference (ACID). The axial cone mirror unfolds the entire surface of the steel ball, allowing complete surface images to be obtained with just two captures. This simplifies the acquisition process and increases efficiency. The improved image difference method, combined with adaptive thresholding and adjacent frame difference techniques, effectively reduces noise interference. It enhances both the accuracy and robustness of defect detection. Frequent threshold adjustments and unstable detection, common in traditional methods, are avoided. Experimental results demonstrate that the ACID-based detection method surpasses traditional methods in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The improved method significantly reduces the missed detection rate. For example, the detection rates for cluster, scratch, and stain have increased from 86%, 80%, and 84% to 98%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. Moreover, the improved method reduces noise interference, avoids frequent threshold adjustments, simplifies the operation process, and shows higher stability and robustness in complex background conditions.
UWB-Based Accelerometer Sensor Nodes for Low-Power Applications in Offshore Platforms
Authors: Losada Markos , Olaizola Aitor , Irizar Andoni , Fernández Iker , Carrasco Adrián , Zanden Joep Van der , Cortés Ainhoa
Published: November 2024

Due to the growth of renewable energies, which requires cost reduction and efficiency in terms of structural health assessment, failure prevention, effective maintenance scheduling, and equipment lifespan optimization, in this paper, we propose an Ultra Wideband (UWB)-based accelerometer Sensor Node for low-power applications in offshore platforms. The proposed Sensor Node integrates a high-resolution accelerometer together with an Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) transceiver. This approach enables effective remote monitoring of structural vibrations. This provides an easy-to-install, scalable, and flexible wireless solution without sacrificing robustness and low power consumption in marine environments. Additionally, due to the diverse and highly demanding applications of condition monitoring systems, we propose two modes of operation for the Sensor Node. It can be remotely configured to either transmit raw data for further analysis or process data at the edge. A hardware (HW) description of the proposed Sensor Node is provided. Moreover, we describe the power management strategies implemented in our system at the firmware (FW) level. We show detailed power consumption measurements, including power profiles and the battery-powered autonomy of the proposed Sensor Node. We compare data from a wired acquisition system and the proposed wireless Sensor Node in a laboratory environment.The wired sensor integrated into this acquisition system, fully characterized and tested, is our golden reference. Thus, we validate our proposal. Furthermore, this research work is within the scope of the SUREWAVE Project and is conducted in collaboration with the MARIN Institute, where wave basin tests are carried out to evaluate the behavior of a Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) system. These tests have provided a valuable opportunity to assess the effectiveness of the proposed Sensor Node for offshore platforms and to compare its performance with a wired system.
Embedding Hierarchical Tree Structure of Concepts in Knowledge Graph Embedding
Authors: Yu Jibin , Zhang Chunhong , Hu Zheng , Ji Yang
Published: November 2024

Knowledge Graph Embedding aims to encode both entities and relations into a continuous low-dimensional vector space, which is crucial for knowledge-driven application scenarios. As abstract entities in knowledge graphs, concepts inherently possess unique hierarchical structures and encompass rich semantic information. Although existing methods for jointly embedding concepts and instances achieve promising performance, they still face two issues: (1) They fail to explicitly reconstruct the hierarchical tree structure of concepts in the embedding space; (2) They ignore disjoint concept pairs and overlapping concept pairs derived from concepts. In this paper, we propose a novel concept representation approach, called Hyper Spherical Cone Concept Embedding (HCCE), to explicitly model the hierarchical tree structure of concepts in the embedding space. Specifically, HCCE represents each concept as a hyperspherical cone and each instance as a vector, maintaining the anisotropy of concept embeddings. We propose two variant methods to explore the impact of embedding concepts and instances in the same or different spaces. Moreover, we design score functions for disjoint concept pairs and overlapping concept pairs, using relative position relations to incorporate them seamlessly into our geometric models. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets show that HCCE outperforms most existing state-of-the-art methods on concept-related triples and achieves competitive results on instance-related triples. The visualization of embedding results intuitively shows the hierarchical tree structure of concepts in the embedding space.
Enhanced Readout Reliability in Phase Change Memory with a Dual-Sensing-Margin Offset-Compensated Sense Amplifier
Authors: Wu Qingyu , Xie Chenchen , Song Sannian , Ding Xing , Li Xi , Song Zhitang
Published: November 2024

Phase change memory (PCM) is considered one of the most promising candidates for next-generation non-volatile memory, owing to its scalability, durability, and cost-effectiveness. However, with the shrinking of device sizes and the reduction in supply voltages, achieving high-speed and reliable readouts in PCM has become increasingly challenging due to process variations. To address this, the dual-sensing-margin offset-compensated sense amplifier (DSOC-SA) is proposed. The DSOC-SA achieves the highest sensing margin, and the lowest read energy consumption compared to traditional sense amplifiers by utilizing a dual-sensing-margin structure, offset compensation, and strong positive feedback. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to differential sense amplifier and offset-canceling current-sampling sense amplifier, DSOC-SA achieves a 5.6× and 1.6× improvement in sensing speed, respectively, while reducing power consumption by 87.1% and 51.2%.
Curvature-Compensated Bandgap Voltage Reference with Low Temperature Coefficient
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Li Jitao , Qiao Ming , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2024

Resistance errors in bandgap reference (BGR) circuits often cause deviations in design indicators, and it is true that utilizing various compensation techniques mitigates the impact of resistance errors. In this paper, an original BGR circuit with 180 nm BCD processing is presented, which uses an improved high-order compensation and curvature compensation. The proposed BGR contains four main blocks, including a start-up stage, a first-order temperature compensation stage, a high-order temperature compensation stage, and a curvature compensation stage. Meanwhile, a trimming resistor array structure is designed to revise the temperature coefficient (TC) deviation of the test output voltage from the theoretical design value. Through wafer-level laser trimming technology, the measurement results are achieved with very little difference from the theoretical design value. The proposed BGR provides a stable reference voltage at 1.25 V with a low TC and strong power supply rejection (PSR). Within temperatures ranging from −45 °C to 125 °C, the measured TC shows an optimal value at 4.2 ppm/°C and the measured PSR shows −100 dB.
A Room-Level Indoor Localization Using an Energy-Harvesting BLE Tag
Authors: Chen Yutao , Wang Yun , Zhao Yubin
Published: November 2024

Energy-efficient and cost-effective localization systems are attractive for large-scale tracking and localization of goods. In this paper, we propose a room-level localization system using energy-harvesting BLE tags to track the targets. We introduce the Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory combined with fingerprinting technology for location estimation. To reduce the estimation complexity, we divide the indoor environment into clear areas and fuzzy areas. The D–S algorithm is employed to locate the target in the clear areas when the targets are only detected by the anchor nodes within a single room. Conversely, fuzzy areas are characterized by RSSI signals detected by anchor nodes across multiple rooms. Then, the system integrates fingerprint matching to ensure superior positioning accuracy across the deployment. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed system maintains a room-level positioning accuracy above 99% under standard test conditions within an area of approximately 2000 m2 with lots of rooms.
A Triangular Structure Constraint for Pedestrian Positioning with Inertial Sensors Mounted on Foot and Shank
Authors: Wang Jianyu , Liang Jing , Wang Chao , Tang Wanwei , Wei Mingzhe , Fan Yiling
Published: November 2024

To suppress pedestrian positioning drift, a velocity constraint commonly known as zero-velocity update (ZUPT) is widely used. However, it cannot correct the error in the non-zero velocity interval (non-ZVI) or observe heading errors. In addition, the positioning accuracy will be further affected when a velocity error occurs in the ZVI (e.g., foot tremble). In this study, the foot, ankle, and shank were regarded as a triangular structure. Consequently, an angle constraint was established by utilizing the sum of the internal angles. Moreover, in contrast to the traditional ZUPT algorithm, a velocity constraint method combined with Coriolis theorem was constructed. Magnetometer measurements were used to correct heading. Three groups of experiments with different trajectories were carried out. The ZUPT method of the single inertial measurement unit (IMU) and the distance constraint method of dual IMUs were employed for comparisons. The experimental results showed that the proposed method had high accuracy in positioning. Furthermore, the constraints built by the lower limb structure were applied to the whole gait cycle (ZVI and non-ZVI).
Multisensor Feature Selection for Maritime Target Estimation
Authors: Choi Sun , An Jhonghyun
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a preprocessing and feature selection technique for maritime target estimation. Given the distinct challenges of the maritime environment and the use of multiple sensors, we propose a target estimation model designed to achieve high accuracy while minimizing computational costs through suitable data preprocessing and feature selection. The experimental results demonstrate excellent performance, with the mean square error (MSE) reduced by about 99%. This approach is expected to enhance vessel tracking in situations where vessel estimation sensors, such as the automatic identification system (AIS), are disabled. By enabling reliable vessel tracking, this technique can aid in the detection of illegal vessels.
An Improved LKF Integrated Navigation Algorithm Without GNSS Signal for Vehicles with Fixed-Motion Trajectory
Authors: Zhang Haosu , Wang Zihao , Zhou Shiyin , Wei Zhiying , Miao Jianming , Xu Lingji , Liu Tao
Published: November 2024

Without a GNSS (global navigation satellite system) signal, the integrated navigation system in vehicles with a fixed trajectory (e.g., railcars) is limited to the use of micro-electromechanical system-inertial navigation system (MEMS-INS) and odometer (ODO). Due to the significant measurement error of the MEMS inertial device and the inability of ODO to output attitude, the positioning error is generally large. To address this problem, this paper presents a new integrated navigation algorithm based on a dynamically constrained Kalman model. By analyzing the dynamics of a railcar, several new observations have been investigated, including errors of up and lateral velocity, centripetal acceleration, centripetal D-value (difference value), and an up-gyro bias. The state transition matrix and observation matrix for the error state model are represented. To improve navigation accuracy, virtual noise technology is applied to correct errors of up and lateral velocity. The vehicle-running experiment conducted within 240 s demonstrates that the positioning error rate of the dead-reckoning method based on MEMS-INS is 83.5%, whereas the proposed method exhibits a rate of 4.9%. Therefore, the accuracy of positioning can be significantly enhanced.
Person Identification Using Temporal Analysis of Facial Blood Flow
Authors: Raia Maria , Stogiannopoulos Thomas , Mitianoudis Nikolaos , Boulgouris Nikolaos V.
Published: November 2024

Biometrics play an important role in modern access control and security systems. The need of novel biometrics to complement traditional biometrics has been at the forefront of research. The Facial Blood Flow (FBF) biometric trait, recently proposed by our team, is a spatio-temporal representation of facial blood flow, constructed using motion magnification from facial areas where skin is visible. Due to its design and construction, the FBF does not need information from the eyes, nose, or mouth, and, therefore, it yields a versatile biometric of great potential. In this work, we evaluate the effectiveness of novel temporal partitioning and Fast Fourier Transform-based features that capture the temporal evolution of facial blood flow. These new features, along with a “time-distributed” Convolutional Neural Network-based deep learning architecture, are experimentally shown to increase the performance of FBF-based person identification compared to our previous efforts. This study provides further evidence of FBF’s potential for use in biometric identification.
The Impact of Financial Support Mechanisms and Geopolitical Factors on the Profitability of Investments in Solar Power Plants in Slovenia
Authors: Gornjak Iztok , Kokalj Filip , Samec Niko
Published: November 2024

This article examines the impact of financial support mechanisms and geopolitical factors on the profitability of investments in solar power plants within Slovenia. The European Union’s energy policy prioritizes increases in renewable energy sources, aiming to reduce dependency on unstable and volatile fossil fuel markets. Solar power plants play a vital role in this transition. The energy policy framework also includes mechanisms and support systems to operate such facilities. This article analyzes electricity price trends over the past decade and addresses which support type—guaranteed purchase or operational support—has proven more profitable for investments in solar power plants up to 50 kW in Slovenia, considering economic and geopolitical influences on the electricity market. Although the global energy market has been affected by various significant events in recent years, it was found that the COVID-19 pandemic had minimal impact on the electricity market. In contrast, the onset of the conflict in Ukraine has contributed to rising electricity prices and has influenced the support dynamics essential for the development and sustainability of renewable energy systems. Analyses from the past decade indicate a higher return on investment in solar power plants when operational support mechanisms are chosen over guaranteed purchase support.
Precocious Puberty in Boys with NR0B1 Variants
Authors: Hattori Atsushi , Fukami Maki
Published: November 2024

Precocious puberty (PP) requires appropriate management to prevent short adult height, psychosocial issues, and other adverse outcomes. Genetic diagnosis potentially improves the management of PP. Pathogenic NR0B1 variants, which typically cause X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita, can also affect gonadal function. While boys with NR0B1 variants usually exhibit hypogonadotropic hypogonadism during adolescence, previous reports have suggested that minipuberty, a physiological transient activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis during infancy, occurs in these patients and can persist beyond a typical duration. In rare cases, NR0B1 variants cause PP. PP associated with NR0B1 variants has unique features such as early onset and high serum testosterone levels that are often disproportionate to testicular size. Three underlying mechanisms have been proposed for the association between PP and NR0B1 variants: (1) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent, (2) gonadotropin-dependent, and (3) ACTH- and gonadotropin-independent mechanisms. The factors contributing to PP vary among cases. Determining the underlying mechanisms is crucial for adopting appropriate therapeutic strategies to control PP. However, as the detailed molecular networks mediating these mechanisms are largely unclear, further research is needed to pave the way for a more effective and personalized management of patients with PP associated with NR0B1 variants.