bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of mining industry in the world economy and the economy of Ukraine
Authors: Rudko H. I.
Published: January 2020

The level of development has been considered, the impact of mining industry on the world economy and its connections with other spheres of the world economy have been analyzed. Today mining industry is not only one of the leading fields of global economy, but it has also promoted the emergence of other fundamental branches. The development of this sphere is extremely important not only for the state, which plays the role of a regulator, but also for investors, contractors, suppliers, service companies, indigenous population and consumers. Due to its long-term development, mining industry differs from the majority of other kinds of human activity. Diversified mining industry is generally a prerogative of highly developed countries since only several segments are often functioning in less developed countries, and sometimes mineral raw materials are only extracted there. Nowadays no country in the world possesses full range of all types of rocks and minerals. Basic tendencies in development of extraction of mineral raw materials in different countries have been described. The current state of global mining industry can be called the advent of the so-called new era due to the increase of cost of mineral raw materials; however it is also necessary to develop the fields even with quite small and low-quality mineral reserves. Mining operations and development of mineral deposits are being relocated from the developed countries to the developing ones. It is better to consider the possibility of improvement of already existing objects instead of building brand new ones for more efficient and easier operation of mining companies. Problems of functioning and obstacles of development of mining enterprises in Ukraine under current conditions have been determined, ways of their elimination and increase of effectiveness in the branch in general have been proposed. National mining industry is adversely affected by such external factors as the global financial and economic crisis, processes of globalization. Although the mineral-raw material base of Ukraine has a sufficient amount of explored reserves of most mineral resources, it is currently at the stage of depletion of the subsoil, which requires the reformation of the economic mechanism for its use.
Modeling of the tectonic position and prediction of the spatial distribution of hydrocarbon deposits in the Middle Kura depression (examples from the Ganja oil and gas-bearing region)
Authors: Khuduzade A. I. , Akhundov Sh. Kh. , Shabanova S. V. , Imamalili T. M. , Ismaylov O. Sh.
Published: January 2020

The article continues the series of publications devoted to the forecast of oil and gas potential in the Middle Kura Depression. Systematization and analysis of published materials show that the effectiveness of prospecting and exploration for oil and gas depends on the fairness and accuracy of scientific ideas about the origin and patterns of hydrocarbon localization. The established heterogeneity of the structure of sedimentary basins and the uneven distribution of oil and gas deposits in them allows us to make a predictive assessment of territories based on historical-geological methods and a synthes analysis of criteria for assessing the prospects of oil and gas. These methods are based on fundamental research in geology, the most important of which are structural-tectonic analysis and the genesis of oil and gas-bearing structures, the study of geological and geochemical factors in the simulation model “Uniform continuous lowering”, the study of the staged conversion of organic matter in the catagenetic process and show the oil and gas windows, prediction of collector and overlying seal zones, study of organic substances dissolved in water and other hydrogeological factors contributing to the formation and prevent of oil and gas deposits. Analysis of the geological history of the first stage of research,the assessment of petroleum potential of the region. Based on the results of seismic surveys, we carried out paleotectonic reconstructions for the northwestern zone of the Ganja oil and gas-bearing region, which illustrate the maps of total thickness in the form of isopachic triangle, paleotectonic profiles and graphic of subsidence size. Modeling of structural surfaces made it possible to establish the historical development of not only local structures, but also to notice new features in the formation of chronostratigraphic surfaces, and to judge the tectonic regime of the sedimentation basin, to justify the mechanism of formation in the sedimentary cover of the Middle Kura depression, both of plicative dislocation and faulting as well as zones of oil and gas accumulation associated with them. The study can be considered as a positive argument when choosing the location of the prospecting well.
Treatment with and without stabilizing lumbar spinal orthosis after one- or two-level spondylodesis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rommelspacher Yorck , Bode Hannah , Ziob Jana , Struwe Charlotte , Kasapovic Adnan , Walter Sebastian G. , Schildberg Frank A. , Bornemann Rahel , Wirtz Dieter C. , Pflugmacher Robert
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Musculature affected during spondylodesis surgery may benefit and recover faster if supported by spine orthosis postoperatively. METHODS: This prospective study included 50 consecutive patients undergoing one- or two-level spondylodesis. The intervention group received a lumbar spine orthosis (n= 23), while the control group remained without orthosis (n= 27). Patients were assessed for pain (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), Oswestry Disability index (ODI) as well as the use of analgesics. RESULTS: Patients wearing an orthosis postoperatively reported a higher degree of subjective stability. However, both intervention as well as control group did not show any significant differences for each of the follow-up points regarding VAS, ODI or the use of analgesics. CONCLUSION: Wearing an orthosis has neither impact on subjective pain, the need for analgesics nor for postoperative functionality. However, patients reported that they profited from wearing the orthosis by feeling more stable, thereby nicely improving their postoperative mobility. Thus, novel patient reported outcome measures have to be developed to assess these features in future studies.
Analysis of the activation modalities of the lower limb muscles during walking
Authors: Li Wei , Li Zhongli , Qie Shuyan , Yang Huaqing , Chen Xuemei , Liu Yancheng , Li Zongju , Zhang Kuan
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Walking is a basic human activity and many orthopedic diseases can manifest with gait abnormalities. However, the muscle activation intervals of lower limbs are not clear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the contraction patterns of lower limb muscles by analyzing activation intervals using surface electromyography (SEMG) during walking. METHODS: Four muscles including the tibialis anterior (TA), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and rectus femoris (RF) of bilateral lower extremity of 92 healthy subjects were selected for SEMG measurements. The number of activations (activation intervals) and the point of the highest root mean square (RMS) EMG signal in the percentage of the gait cycle (GC) were used to analyze muscle activities. RESULTS: The majority of TA and RF showed two activation intervals and both gastrocnemius parts three activation intervals during walking. The point of the highest RMS EMG signal in the percentage of the GC for TA, LG, MG and RF are 5%, 41%, 40%, and 8%, respectively. The activation intervals were mostly affected by age, height, different genders and bilateral limbs. CONCLUSION: This study identified the different activation intervals (four for each muscle) and the proportion of healthy adults in which they occurred during the normal gait cycle. These different activation intervals provided a new insight to evaluate the function of nerves and muscles. In addition, the activation interval and RMS peak time proposed in this study can be used as new parameters for gait analysis.
Sudden death due to incomplete Kawasaki disease: A case report
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Linjun
Published: January 2020

Due to the lack of typical clinical manifestations, the incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD) is easily misdiagnosed and missed. The sudden death risk in incomplete KD cases is similar to typical KD. In this study, we report a case of a 1-year-old boy who died suddenly without any warning after incomplete KD. The boy was admitted due to fever and a cough, with preliminary diagnosis of acute severe bronchial pneumonia, but no typical KD characteristics. After antibiotics and supportive treatment, the condition worsened. Finally, the boy died after the ineffective rescue. The pathology revealed that the boy suffered from incomplete KD. From this case, we experience that, when infants or children have a long-lasting fever, the possibility of KD should not be ignored. In addition, when managing such patients, the frequency of heart ultrasound should be increased as appropriate.
Are Occupations of Parents Important? Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Anil Mercan Murat
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the relationship between sons’ working age and their fathers’ income in Turkey. In addition, we investigated the relationship between sons’ occupations and fathers’ income in Turkey. It is a unique study because no such study has been previously conducted in Turkey, which is both a Muslim country and a developing country. Our data were acquired from the 2015 Income and Living Conditions Survey, which allows us to match the fathers and sons in the sample. Our results suggest that there is a strong relationship between a father’s income and his son’s age when he first becomes employed. In brief, wealthier sons begin working at an older age than do poorer sons. In addition, our results suggest that when a father’s income increases, the probability of his son having the same occupation as his father decreases. This suggests that wealthier sons have more opportunities available when choosing their occupations.
Communicating Cultural Values in Shaping City Images through the Museum of Batik Pekalongan, Indonesia
Authors: Nuraryo Imam
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study are firstly, to find out what is the history of the batik (a traditional textile originating from the island of Java) in Pekalongan City, Indonesia and what cultural values are contained in the batik design of the archipelago exhibited in the batik museum in Pekalongan. Secondly, to find out how the cultural values contained in batik are communicated to the community. Thirdly, how the museum made an efforts in helping preserve batik as a product of cultural heritage to strengthen the city image of Pekalongan City as the World’s City of Batik. The results of this study indicate that the cultural values contained in batik patterns are strongly influenced by the culture of migrants who arrived in the city of Pekalongan. Pekalongan as a coastal city on the north coast of Java is very easily accessed by migrants from various ethnic groups such as Arabic, Chinese, Japanese and even Dutch. They came to Pekalongan with the aim to trade, religion propaganda, even to war. Batik Museum in Pekalongan also plays an active role in socializing the history and values contained in each batik displayed by considering the arrangement of display space and organizing events such as fashion shows or short course to make batik for teenagers.
Risk Assessment and Fraud Prevention in Banking Sector
Authors: Ngigi Nyakarimi Samuel , Nduati Kariuki Samuel , ’ombe Kariuki Peter Wang
Published: January 2020

The objective of the study was to assess the effect of risk assessment on fraud prevention in banking industry in Kenya. The study involved all banks in Kenya. Descriptive and correlational research designs were used in this study. Factor analysis was undertaken to reduce the factors and remain with factors that had higher loading which was determined through the use of Eigen values. Correlation analysis was applied to determine the strength and direction of relationship between variables and regression analysis based on structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesis. The descriptive analysis showed that the respondents strongly agreed that the parameters put in place are capable of preventing fraud in banks. The hypothesis testing showed that risk assessment has significant effect on fraud prevention in banking industry in Kenya. From the results of tests, it was concluded that the risk assessment mechanisms put in place to assess the risks have significant effect in fraud prevention and as such they should be enhanced to completely prevent fraud in banking sector.
Accuracy of Call-Taker Assessment of Patient Level of Consciousness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Belcher Jason , Finn Judith , Whiteside Austin , Ball Stephen
Published: January 2020

Introduction

When triaging an emergency phone call for ambulance assistance, one of the key areas of questions asked in internationally used triage decision support systems is around the patient's level of consciousness. A patient with a reduced level of consciousness can be indicative of a requirement for a high level of urgency of ambulance response. However, the value of this as a triage criterion is dependent on how accurately it can be determined by the call-taker. We sought to identify and summarise the results from published studies which determine the accuracy of call-taker assessment of conscious state during an emergency phone call.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus databases for studies relating to concepts of emergency medical services, conscious state, triage and/or accuracy. Studies were screened and included if they dealt with emergency calls in the community, reported call-taker determination and on-scene determination of conscious state, and included sufficient data for at least one measure of diagnostic accuracy to be calculated.

Results

Out of 5753 articles initially identified, only two were found that matched the inclusion criteria. Both reported accuracy of a binary determination of consciousness versus unconsciousness, and found that it is common for the reported consciousness to differ from actual findings at scene. There were no studies identified that measured accuracy of determination of altered conscious states among conscious patients.

Conclusion

There is a notable gap in the literature regarding accuracy of determination of the patient's conscious state in an emergency call, which needs to be addressed.
Algo así como patrocinio en Castilla y León
Authors: Bellido Blanco Antonio
Published: January 2020

Se expone la realidad del patrocinio y el mecenazgo en el caso del Patrimonio Cultural de Castilla y León, con especial incidencia en la labor de la Junta de Castilla y León. Así mismo se trata el caso concreto de los museos, destacando la actividad desarrollada por el Museo Nacional de Escultura en su búsqueda de apoyo financiero por parte de empresas.
Osteogenic Differentiation of Miniature Pig Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 2D and 3D Environment
Authors: JUHÁSOVÁ J. , JUHÁS Š. , KLÍMA J. , STRNÁDEL J. , HOLUBOVÁ M. , MOTLÍK J.
Published: January 2020

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been repeatedly shown to be able to repair bone defects. The aim of this study was to characterize the osteogenic differentiation of miniature pig MSCs and markers of this differentiation in vitro. Flow-cytometrically characterized MSCs were seeded on cultivation plastic (collagen I and vitronectin coated/uncoated) or plasma clot (PC)/plasma-alginate clot (PAC) scaffolds and differentiated in osteogenic medium. During three weeks of differentiation, the formation of nodules and deposition of calcium were visualized by Alizarin Red Staining. In addition, the production of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was quantitatively detected by fluorescence. The expression of osteopontin, osteonectin and osteocalcin were assayed by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis. We revealed a decrease of osteopontin expression in 2D and 3D environment during differentiation. The weak initial osteonectin signal, culminating on 7th or 14th day of differentiation, depends on collagen I and vitronectin coating in 2D system. The highest activity of ALP was detected on 21th day of osteogenic differentiation. The PC scaffolds provided better conditions for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs than PAC scaffolds in vitro. We also observed expected effects of collagen I and vitronectin on the acceleration of osteogenic differentiation of miniature pig MSC. Our results indicate similar ability of miniature pig MSCs osteogenic differentiation in 2D and 3D environment, but the expression of osteogenic markers in scaffolds and ECM coated monolayers started earlier than in the monolayers without ECM.
Adhesion, Growth and Differentiation of Osteoblasts on Surface-Modified Materials Developed for Bone Implants
Authors: VANDROVCOVÁ M. , BAČÁKOVÁ L.
Published: January 2020

This review briefly outlines the history and possibilities of bone reconstruction using various types of artificial materials, which allow interaction with cells only on the surface of the implant or enable ingrowth of cells inside the material. Information is also provided on the most important properties of bone cells taking part in bone tissue development, and on diseases and regeneration. The most common cell types used for testing cell-material interaction in vitro are listed, and the most commonly used approaches to this testing are also mentioned. A considerable part of this review is dedicated to the physical and chemical properties of the material surface, which are decisive for the cell-material interaction, and also to modifications to the surface of the material aimed at integrating it better with the surrounding bone tissue. Special attention is paid to the effects of nanoscale and microscale surface roughness on cell behaviour, to material surface patterning, which allows regionally-selective adhesion and growth of cells, and also to the surface chemistry. In addition, coating the materials with bioactive layers is examined, particularly those created by deposition of fullerenes, hybrid metal-fullerene composites, carbon nanotubes, nanocrystalline diamond films, diamond-like carbon, and nanocomposite hydrocarbon plasma polymer films enriched with metals.
The B2 Receptor of Bradykinin Is Not Essential for the Post-Exercise Increase in Glucose Uptake by Insulin-Stimulated Mouse Skeletal Muscle
Authors: SCHWEITZER G. G. , CASTORENA C. M. , HAMADA T. , FUNAI K. , ARIAS E. B. , CARTEE G. D.
Published: January 2020

Bradykinin can enhance skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU), and exercise increases both bradykinin production and muscle insulin sensitivity, but bradykinin’s relationship with post-exercise insulin action is uncertain. Our primary aim was to determine if the B2 receptor of bradykinin (B2R) is essential for the post-exercise increase in GU by insulin-stimulated mouse soleus muscles. Wildtype (WT) and B2R knockout (B2RKO) mice were sedentary or performed 60 minutes of treadmill exercise. Isolated soleus muscles were incubated with [3H]-2-deoxyglucose ±insulin (60 or 100 μU/ml). GU tended to be greater for WT vs. B2RKO soleus with 60 μU/ml insulin (P=0.166) and was significantly greater for muscles with 100 μU/ml insulin (P<0.05). Both genotypes had significant exercise-induced reductions (P<0.05) in glycemia and insulinemia, and the decrements for glucose (~14 %) and insulin (~55 %) were similar between genotypes. GU tended to be greater for exercised vs. sedentary soleus with 60 μU/ml insulin (P=0.063) and was significantly greater for muscles with 100 μU/ml insulin (P<0.05). There were no significant interactions between genotype and exercise for blood glucose, plasma insulin or GU. These results indicate that the B2R is not essential for the exercise-induced decrements in blood glucose or plasma insulin or for the post-exercise increase in GU by insulin-stimulated mouse soleus muscle.
The Influence of Monovalent Cations on Trimeric G Protein Gi1α Activity in HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing DOR-Gi1α (Cys351-Ile351) Fusion Protein
Authors: VOŠAHLÍKOVÁ M. , SVOBODA P.
Published: January 2020

The effect of monovalent cations on trimeric G protein Gi1α was measured at equimolar concentration of chloride anion in pertussis-toxin (PTX)-treated HEK293 cells stably expressing PTX-insensitive DOR-Gi1α (Cys351-Ile351) fusion protein by high-affinity [35S]GTPS binding assay. The high basal level of binding was detected in absence of DOR agonist and monovalent ions and this high level was inhibited with the order of: Na+ > K+ > Li+. The first significant inhibition was detected at 1 mM NaCl. The inhibition by monovalent ions was reversed by increasing concentrations of DOR agonist DADLE. The maximum DADLE response was also highest for sodium and decreased in the order of: Na+ > K+ ≈ Li+. Our data indicate i) an inherently high activity of trimeric G protein Gi1α when expressed within DOR-Gi1α fusion protein and determined in the absence of monovalent cations, ii) preferential sensitivity of DOR-Gi1α to sodium as far as maximum of agonist response is involved.
Konsep Kemudahan dalam Hukum Perspektif Al Quran dan Hadist
Authors: Siroj A. Malthuf
Published: January 2020

Every law has its own features and characteristics that reflect its identity and essence, Islamic law is no exception. One of the peculiarities of Islamic law is that it is rabbani (not man-made), comprehensive, easy, realistic, there is no legal imposition beyond human capability, and it's moderate. The characteristics of Islamic law in addition to showing the value of compassion (mercy), also makes the Sharia brought by the Prophet Muhammad  always survives and relevant in every place, time and circumstance. Al-Qur'an and Hadith as two main sources of Islamic teachings explain a lot, both explicitly and implicitly, about the principle of ease in law. This is a form of Islamic attention to the situations and conditions experienced by humans that are relatively different in relation to the practice of Islamic teachings. From the two sources of the Shari'a the scholars formulated a number of rules which substantively contained the spirit of ease in law. So that even in difficult and narrow conditions, Islam guarantees its adherents not to come out of the Shari'a frame with an alternative dispensation called rukhshah.Keywords: Ease, law, rukhshah, al-Qur’an, hadith
Subsidiarity in Private Law?
Authors: Campbell Mat
Published: January 2020

This is the first English language paper seriously to examine the meaning of subsidiarity from the perspective of private law, in which it might be used to understand legal rules, or the interaction of different kinds of claim. Since there are so few relevant sources in English, this article casts a wide net for consensus. It offers six propositions about what it means to designate a rule or relationship (between legal regimes, say) as one of subsidiarity. These are formulated by reference, principally, to thinking about subsidiarity outwith private law; and, secondarily, to (i) miscellaneous literature about subsidiarity, (ii) the general French private law literature about subsidiarity, and (iii) what little can be gleaned from relevant unjust enrichment discourse in English. The state of play in that discourse is summarised, before the choice of Roman Catholic social teaching, European Union law, and European human rights law as settings to examine for their conceptions of subsidiarity is explained, and subsidiarity in each of these contexts is sketched out. Succeeding sections then outline each proposition, and clarify how it may be derived from the sources. The paper concludes by reflecting guardedly on the potential of subsidiarity in private law, as a way to model the interrelation of private law claims and doctrines.
Small Dollar Donors and the Evolving Democratic Party
Authors: Albert Zachary , La Raja Raymond
Published: January 2020

Increasing grassroots, small dollar donations has long been appealing to campaign finance reformers. Still, important questions remain. Are small donors becoming more common, especially in the Democratic Party? Are small donors really different from larger donors? And what do they tell us about the makeup and direction of the two parties? We use financial records and survey data to track small donors over time and examine their demographic and ideological characteristics. We find that, in recent cycles, the Democratic Party has attracted a growing share of money from small dollar donors, driven at least in part by technological advantages and the changing composition of their supporters. These donors are more demographically representative of the American public but share similar levels of ideological extremism as large donors. Importantly, female and ideologically extreme candidates are most likely to benefit from small donor funding, providing mixed evidence regarding the efficacy of potential reforms.
PEMBELAJARAN INTEGRATIF DALAM MATAKULIAH MATERI DAN PEMBELAJARAN IPA SD DENGAN KONSEP DASAR IPA PADA MAHASISWA S1 PGSD UT SURABAYA
Authors: Wuwuh Asrining Surasmi  , Supardiyono Supardiyono
Published: January 2020

To improve the quality of science education in elementary first step is to improve the quality of teachers and prospective science teachers in primary schools, especially in teacher education institutions, one of which is in UT. This study aims to describe the first implementation model of integrative learning in the course material and tutorial activities Elementary Science Lesson with IPA Basic Concepts in the S-1 student PGSD pokjar Tuban. Secondly to describe the effectiveness of the implementation of integrative learning in the course material and tutorial activities Elementary Science Lesson with IPA Basic Concepts in improving the mastery of basic science concepts and the ability to plan student learning in the S-1 PGSD pokjar Tuban. Third to describe the influence of the implementation of integrative learning in the course material and tutorial activities Elementary Science Lesson with IPA Basic Concepts on learning achievement and course materials to students of elementary Science Lesson S-1 PGSD Pokjar Tuban. This research is the development of learning tools such as: Design Activity Tutorial (RAT), Unit Events Tutorial (SAT), Draft Evaluation (RE), and the Student Worksheet (MFI). Software development refers to the four D model proposed by Thiagarajan and Semmel (1974:6). Learning tools developed quite fit for use, can improve the ability to make lesson plans and student learning outcomes.

Untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan IPA di SD langkah pertama yang dilakukan adalah meningkatkan kualitas guru dan calon guru IPA di SD, khususnya di lembaga pendidikan guru, salah satunya adalah di UT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pertama mendeskripsikan model implementasi pembelajaran integratif dalam kegiatan tutorial matakuliah Materi dan Pembelajaran IPA SD dengan Konsep Dasar IPA pada mahasiswa S-1 PGSD pokjar Kabupaten Tuban. Kedua untuk mendeskripsikan efektifitas implementasi pembelajaran integratif dalam kegiatan tutorial matakuliah Materi dan Pembelajaran IPA SD dengan Konsep Dasar IPA dalam meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dasar IPA dan kemampuan membuat perencanaan pembelajaran pada mahasiswa S-1 PGSD pokjar Kabupaten Tuban. Ketiga untuk mendeskripsikan besar pengaruh implementasi pembelajaran integratif dalam kegiatan tutorial matakuliah Materi dan Pembelajaran IPA SD dengan Konsep Dasar IPA terhadap prestasi belajar matakuliah Materi dan Pembelajaran IPA SD pada mahasiswa S-1 PGSD Pokjar Kabupaten Tuban.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yang berupa: Rancangan Aktivitas Tutorial (RAT), Satuan Acara Tutorial (SAT), Rancangan Evaluasi (RE), dan Lembar Kerja Mahasiswa (LKM). Pengembangan perangkat mengacu pada four D model yang dikemukakan oleh Thiagarajan dan Semmel (1974:6). Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan cukup layak digunakan, dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membuat RPP dan hasil belajar mahasiswa.
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA
Authors: Setiawati Lis
Published: January 2020

Indonesia memiliki tokoh pendidikan yang kehebatannya tidak kalah dengan tokoh-tokoh dunia lainnya yaitu Ki Hajar Dewantara. Beliau menjelaskan bahwa pendidikan adalah sebuah upaya dalam meningkatkan tumbuhnya budi pekerti (kekuatan batin, karakter, pikiran, intelek) dari tubuh anak, sehingga kehidupan anak didik selaras dengan dunianya. Sedangkan pembelajaran didefinisikan oleh Knowles sebagai cara pengorganisasian peserta didik untuk mencapai tujuan.Budi pekerti secara operasional merupakan suatu perilaku positif yang dilakukan melalui kebiasaan yang akan terbentuk menjadi karakter seseorang/peserta didik. Berdasarkan dua definisi tersebut tampak bahwa pendidikan, pembelajaran, budi pekerti/karakter merupakan kesatuan yang tidak dapat dipisah satu dengan lainnya. Perilaku positif yang harus dilatihkan kepada peserta didik terdiri atas banyak aspek yang satu diantaranya adalah cara berbicara. Dengan demikian, melatih kemampuan berbicara yang mengandung perilaku positif menjadi kewajiban guru mata pelajaran bahasa (Bahasa Indonesia). Keterampilan berbahasa pun tidak dapat dilatihkan secara terpisah antarsatu keterampilan dengan keterampilan berbahasa yang lain. Sebagai guru yang profesional, menyusun strategi pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang selalu terkait dengan pendidikan karakter tidak lagi menjadi suatu beban. Sastra adalah gambaran kehidupan manusia. Sastra menjadi media yang tepat di dalam menanamkan karakter positif bagi peserta didik. Melalui guru bahasa Indonesia yang profesional akan terbentuk sebuah generasi muda yang memiliki budi pekerti luhur atau berkarakter kuat.
PEMBELAJARAN TENTANG PERSENTASE DENGAN BATERAI HANDPHONE DI KELAS V SD NEGERI 119 PALEMBANG
Authors: Rahayu Chika , Indra Putri Ratu Ilma
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study to determine the extent to which students' understanding in percent material by using the context of mobile phone batteries. The subject of the research is the fourth grade students of SD N 119 Palembang 31 pupils and with different ability, the method in this research uses research design research method as the right tool to reach the goal, this research using realistic mathematics education approach. The results of this study indicate that 20% of students can solve the problem percent to gradually difficult, while 80% of students have not arrived at the problem with a difficult stage. From the research students are easier to understand the percent by using mobile phone battery as the context and modeling mathematics of the model bar.

 

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengukur sejauh mana pemahaman siswa dalam materi persen dengan menggunakan konteksbaterai handphone. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SD N 119 Palembang sebanyak 31 siswa yang mempunyai kemampuan berbeda, metode mengenai penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian design research sebagai sarana yang tepat untuk mencapai tujuan, penelitian iini menggunakan pendekatan pendidikan matematika realistik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 20% siswa bisa menyelesaikan persoalan persen sampai ketahap susah, sedangkan 80% siswa belum sampai pada penyelesaian soal dengan tahap susah. Dari penelitian tersebut siswa lebih mudah memahami persen dengan menggunakan baterai handphone sebagai konteks dan pemodelan matematika dari model bar.
IMPLEMENTING CONSTRUCTIVISM LEARNING THEORY IN ONLINE TUTORIAL
Authors: Pribadi Benny A , Surtiani Anis , Ichwan Ichwan
Published: January 2020

The advanced development of information and communication technologybrings a significant impact on the way of how human learn. The e-learning orInternet-based and online learning has been widely used in a variety of learning activities as a suplement to the conventional in-class learning, flipped classroom etc. The term e-learning refers to learning activities conducted by the use ofInternet. Universitas Terbuka (UT) utilizes e-learning program in the form of online tutorial. The online tutorial is basically a form of learning support provided by UT to facilitate student to learn. The online tutorial consists of three major learning activities including reading, discussion and assignment. During online tutorial student must complete the assigned activities and interaction with peers, tutor and digital learning resources. Online tutorial can be seen as an instrumental tool that provide an opportunity for students to expandhis/her knowledge and skills beyond the provided printed and digital module. Tutors should be able to design online learning programs that can be used to facilitate students in expanding their knowledge and skills. The purpose of this study is to elaborate conceptually the use of constructivism learning theory in online tutorial of the open and distance learning higher institution.
An SNP-Based High-Density Genetic Linkage Map for Tetraploid Potato Using Specific Length Amplified Fragment Sequencing (SLAF-Seq) Technology
Authors: Yu Xiaoxia , Zhang Mingfei , Yu Zhuo , Yang Dongsheng , Li Jingwei , Wu Guofang , Li Jiaqi
Published: January 2020

Specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) is a recently developed high-resolution strategy for the discovery of large-scale de novo genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. In the present research, in order to facilitate genome-guided breeding in potato, this strategy was used to develop a large number of SNP markers and construct a high-density genetic linkage map for tetraploid potato. The genomic DNA extracted from 106 F1 individuals derived from a cross between two tetraploid potato varieties YSP-4 × MIN-021 and their parents was used for high-throughput sequencing and SLAF library construction. A total of 556.71 Gb data, which contained 2269.98 million pair-end reads, were obtained after preprocessing. According to bioinformatics analysis, a total of 838,604 SLAF labels were developed, with an average sequencing depth of 26.14-fold for parents and 15.36-fold for offspring of each SLAF, respectively. In total, 113,473 polymorphic SLAFs were obtained, from which 7638 SLAFs were successfully classified into four segregation patterns. After filtering, a total of 7329 SNP markers were detected for genetic map construction. The final integrated linkage map of tetraploid potato included 3001 SNP markers on 12 linkage groups, and covered 1415.88 cM, with an average distance of 0.47 cM between adjacent markers. To our knowledge, the integrated map described herein has the best coverage of the potato genome and the highest marker density for tetraploid potato. This work provides a foundation for further quantitative trait loci (QTL) location, map-based gene cloning of important traits and marker-assisted selection (MAS) of potato.
Soil Type and Zinc Doses in Agronomic Biofortification of Lettuce Genotypes
Authors: de Almeida Hilário Júnior , Vergara Carmona Victor Manuel , Ferreira Inocêncio Maykom , Furtini Neto Antônio Eduardo , Cecílio Filho Arthur Bernardes , Mauad Munir
Published: January 2020

The incidence of many malnutrition-related diseases among the populations of developing countries is closely related to low dietary zinc (Zn) intakes. This study evaluated the potential of agronomic biofortification of lettuce genotypes with Zn in different soils. We evaluated the ability to biofortify three lettuce genotypes (‘Grand Rapids’, ‘Regina de Verão’, and ‘Delícia’) in two soils (Red-Yellow Latosol and Dystroferric Red Latosol) using five doses of Zn (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg kg−1). At 55 days after sowing, the plants were harvested. There was an interaction among the soils, genotypes, and Zn doses. Regardless of the soil and genotype, the increase in Zn supply promoted a linear increase in shoot Zn concentration. However, shoot and root dry matter yields were differentially affected by Zn supply according to the genotype and soil type. Overall, the Red-Yellow Latosol provided a higher shoot Zn concentration but also caused greater growth damage, especially in ‘Regina de Verão’ and ‘Delícia’. ‘Grand Rapids’ was biofortified the most in Red-Yellow Latosol.
Musical Dogs: A Review of the Influence of Auditory Enrichment on Canine Health and Behavior
Authors: Lindig Abigail M. , McGreevy Paul D. , Crean Angela J.
Published: January 2020

Music therapy yields many positive health outcomes in humans, but the effects of music on the health and welfare of nonhuman animals vary greatly with the type of music played, the ethology of the species, and the personality and learning history of individual animals. One context in which music therapy may be used to enhance animal welfare is to alleviate stress in domestic environments. Here, we review studies of the effects of music exposure on dogs as a case study for the implementation of music therapy in veterinary medicine. Nine reports of experimental testing for the therapeutic effects of music on dogs were found, with most of these studies focusing on changes in behavior. Overall, exposure to classical music appears to have a calming influence on dogs in stressful environments, with no additional benefit observed from any music purposely designed for dogs (specifically “Through a dog’s ear”). Given the cost effectiveness and ease of implementation, music therapy holds promise in veterinary medicine and animal welfare. However, to address precise research questions, further studies must use clearly defined characteristics of stimulus music in the experimental design, and consider the variability of each individual animal’s physical characteristics and past experience in the selection of candidates.
Raising an Assistance Dog Puppy—Stakeholder Perspectives on What Helps and What Hinders
Authors: Mai Dac , Howell Tiffani , Benton Pree , Bennett Pauleen C.
Published: January 2020

Assistance dog puppies live with their raisers for up to 16 months before entering advanced training and, hopefully, becoming qualified to help people with a disability. Almost half of the puppies fail to meet the behavioural standards required for assistance dogs, and some puppy raisers produce more behaviourally favourable puppies than others. It is unclear what factors influence puppy-raising practice quality. To understand this, we interviewed 17 participants, including experienced puppy raisers (n = 8), provider organisation staff (n = 4), and those who have served both as puppy raisers and staff (n = 5). Results of a thematic analysis suggest three groups of influencing factors, namely intrapersonal factors, social support, and puppy characteristics. Intrapersonal factors such as expectations, competency, perseverance and passion were reported to influence puppy raisers’ experiences, puppy-raising quality, and continuity of service. Contextual factors such as availability of social support (informational and emotional supports) and less-demanding puppies both led to positive puppy-raising experiences, while the former also contributed to puppy raisers’ perceptions of competency. Future research should quantitatively examine the interrelationships of these factors concerning puppies’ behavioural development. Meanwhile, organisations could consider these factors when developing their recruitment and puppy-raiser support programs.
Understanding the Toxin Effects of β-Zearalenol and HT-2 on Bovine Granulosa Cells Using iTRAQ-Based Proteomics
Authors: Li Lian , Yang Min , Li Chengmin , Yang Fangxiao , Wang Genlin
Published: January 2020

Zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2 are the most common mycotoxins in grains and can enter the animal and human food-chain and cause many health disorders. To elucidate the toxic response profile, we stimulated bovine granulosa cells (GCs) with β-zearalenol or HT-2. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic, 178 and 291 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, fold change ≥ 1.3 and p-value < 0.05) in β-zearalenol and HT-2 groups were identified, respectively. Among these DEPs, there were 66 common DEPs between β-zearalenol and HT-2 groups. These 66 DEPs were associated with 23 biological processes terms, 14 molecular functions terms, and 19 cellular components terms. Most heat shock proteins (HSPs) were involved in the toxic response. Reactive oxygen species accumulation, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress related marker molecule (GRP78), and apoptosis were activated. β-zearalenol and HT-2 inhibited oestradiol (E2) production. These results emphasized the important function of HSPs, clarified oxidative stress, and demonstrated the caspase-3 signaling cascade involved in mycotoxin-treated toxic response, along with decreased E2 production. This study offers new insights into the toxicity of β-zearalenol and HT-2 on ovarian granulosa cells.
Innovations in Camera Trapping Technology and Approaches: The Integration of Citizen Science and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Green Siân E. , Rees Jonathan P. , Stephens Philip A. , Hill Russell A. , Giordano Anthony J.
Published: January 2020

Camera trapping has become an increasingly reliable and mainstream tool for surveying a diversity of wildlife species. Concurrent with this has been an increasing effort to involve the wider public in the research process, in an approach known as ‘citizen science’. To date, millions of people have contributed to research across a wide variety of disciplines as a result. Although their value for public engagement was recognised early on, camera traps were initially ill-suited for citizen science. As camera trap technology has evolved, cameras have become more user-friendly and the enormous quantities of data they now collect has led researchers to seek assistance in classifying footage. This has now made camera trap research a prime candidate for citizen science, as reflected by the large number of camera trap projects now integrating public participation. Researchers are also turning to Artificial Intelligence (AI) to assist with classification of footage. Although this rapidly-advancing field is already proving a useful tool, accuracy is variable and AI does not provide the social and engagement benefits associated with citizen science approaches. We propose, as a solution, more efforts to combine citizen science with AI to improve classification accuracy and efficiency while maintaining public involvement.
Effect of Dietary Protein Sources Substituting Soybean Meal on Growth Performance and Meat Quality in Ducks
Authors: Kuźniacka Joanna , Biesek Jakub , Banaszak Mirosław , Rutkowski Andrzej , Kaczmarek Sebastian , Adamski Marek , Hejdysz Marcin
Published: January 2020

The study aimed to examine the growth performance and meat quality of Pekin ducks fed diets consisting of various protein source alternatives (groups: II—yellow lupin (YL) and rapeseed meal (RSM); III—YL and narrow-leaved lupin (NLL); IV—pea and YL; V—RSM, YL, NLL and pea) to (I) soybean meal (SBM) and RSM. Four hundred and twenty ducks were assigned to five groups with six replicates (14 birds per group). After 7 weeks, 10 ducks from each group were slaughtered. Breast muscles were analyzed for water-holding capacity, drip loss, color, and elasticity. Productivity parameters did not differ between groups I and II but were lower in V. The weight of carcass, neck with skin, skin with subcutaneous fat and total fat were highest in group II. The proportion of wings was higher in group V. In group II, lightness (L*) was higher, but redness (a*) was lower. In groups, I and III, L* was lower and a* was higher. Breast muscles contained more protein in groups I and II, more fat in groups I and III and more water in groups II and IV. The inclusion of vegetable protein alternatives to SBM in duck diets provided the best results in birds fed with YL and RSM (ratio of 1:0:31 in starter and 1:0.81 in grower).
From Acidifiers to Intestinal Health Enhancers: How Organic Acids Can Improve Growth Efficiency of Pigs
Authors: Tugnoli Benedetta , Giovagnoni Giulia , Piva Andrea , Grilli Ester
Published: January 2020

Organic acids have been used successfully in pig production as a cost-effective performance-enhancing option and they continue to be the number one alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The aim of this review is to provide the biological rationale behind organic acids use in pig production, focusing on their different effects along the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Organic acids are reviewed for their antimicrobial properties and for their classic use as acidifiers, with particular attention to pH modulation and microflora control. Additional beneficial effects on intestinal health and general metabolism are presented and we explain the advantage of microencapsulation as a tool to deliver organic acids along the intestine.
Lipid Catabolism in Starved Yak Is Inhibited by Intravenous Infusion of β-Hydroxybutyrate
Authors: Zou Huawei , Hu Rui , Dong Xianwen , Shah Ali Mujtaba , Wang Zhisheng , Ma Jian , Peng Quanhui , Xue Bai , Wang Lizhi , Zhang Xiangfei , Zeng Shaoyu , Wang Xueying , Shi Junhua , Li Fengpeng
Published: January 2020

Lipid is the chief energy source for starved animals. β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) is the main ketone body produced by lipid decomposition. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell experiment, it was found that BHBA could be used not only as an energy substance, but also as a ligand of GPR109A for regulating lipid metabolism. However, whether BHBA can regulate lipid metabolism of yaks, and its effective concentration and signal pathway are not clear. This study investigated the effects and mechanism of starvation and BHBA on the lipid metabolism of yak. Eighteen male Jiulong yaks were selected and then randomly divided into three groups: normal feeding group (NG), starvation group (SG), and starvation with BHBA infusion group (SBG). The yaks in the NG group were freely fed during the trial, while the yaks in the SG and SBG groups fasted; from 7th to 9th days of the experiment, the NG and SG were infused continuous with 0.9% normal saline and SBG was infused 1.7 mmol/L BHBA solution respectively. The blood samples were collected on the 0th, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th day of experiment. The subcutaneous adipose tissue of all the yaks in this study were taken from live bodies after infusion. Serum glucose, lipid metabolites, hormone concentrations, and mRNA and protein expressions of key factors of lipid metabolism and signaling pathway in subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured. The results showed that, as compared with NG, starvation significantly reduced the body weight of yak in SG, and significantly increased the concentration of BHBA in serum and the mRNA expression of PKA and CREB1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while the mRNA expression of MEK, PKC, ERK1/2, the area of adipocytes, and the proportion of saturated fatty acid were decreased. Whereas, further increase of BHBA concentration through infusion promoted the mRNA expression of GPR109A receptor in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of SBG, inhibited the mRNA expression of AC and PKA, and decreased the phosphorylation protein abundance of CREB1, and significantly increased the diameter and area of adipocytes. These findings suggest that starvation led to enhanced lipid catabolism in yaks. An increasing BHBA concentration could increase the mRNA expression of GPR109A receptor in subcutaneous adipose tissue and inhibit the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway and lipid decomposition.