bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prerequisites defining the trajectory of creative thinking
Authors: Suyundikova M. K. , Zhumataeva E. O. , Suyundikov M. M. , Snopkova E. I.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The modern, rapidly changing world needs specialists with creative thinking skills, who are able to show rapidity, flexibility and originality in solving complex and extraordinary problems. When a specialist finds himself in such a situation where he faces extraordinary problems, he does not know how to solve them and is at a loss. It is impossible to acquire creative thinking skills without preparation. Therefore, a student, a future specialist, must be taught these skills. However, the difficulty lies in the fact that without developing students' skills such as analysis, synthesis, abstract, associative and combinatorial thinking, selective comparison, generalisation of information, system vision, assessment of ideas, the ability to ask right questions, to visualise and to draw conclusions, it will be difficult to further develop creative thinking in students.Aim. The aim of the study is to discover the relationship between various types of thinking and creative thinking, to determine the types of thought operations and the list of prerequisites that precede creative thinking, which will contribute to the formation of creative thinking in students.Methodology and research methods. General logical reasoning methods and some scientific research methods were applied. The phenomenological method was employed to understand the process of creative thinking. Based on the determination of the main parameters and properties of each type of thinking, it became possible to model the process of creative thinking activity, to investigate this mental process and draw certain conclusions. The use of the explanatory method also makes it possible to substantiate the need for the following prerequisites for the formation of creative thinking.Results and scientific novelty. Based on the analysis, it was discovered that various types of thinking are related to creative thinking, the types of thought operations were determined and a list of prerequisites was proposed. The list of prerequisites includes the following types of thinking: positive, synergetic, associative, abstract, visual, algorithmic, divergent, lateral, Janusian, questioning style, combinatorial, intuitive, systemic, and critical. The research results show the importance and necessity of prerequisites for creative thinking and also determine the trajectory of creative thinking activity.Practical significance. The research results can be useful for teachers of higher educational institutions with the aim of applying them in the learning process.
Características salariales y de compensación en las empresas del sector financiero. Villavicencio-Meta, Colombia
Authors: Torres-Flórez Dagoberto , Novoa Almonacid Yeni Tatiana
Published: March 2021

La estructura salarial bien establecida de cualquier tipo de organización funge como garante de la atracción, retención y desarrollo del talento humano, lo cual permite que los objetivos del negocio sean alcanzados eficientemente, en este sentido el presente artículo muestra el análisis de la competitividad salarial del sector financiero de Villavicencio Meta, Colombia en el 2019, para lo cual se tomó como objeto de estudio a 16 organizaciones del sector financiero. El estudio se realizó bajo una metodología de tipo cuantitativo descriptivo correlacional, de la cual se deriva la aplicación de cuestionarios dirigidos a los empleados de estas empresas para la recolección de información, teniendo en cuenta que en las empresas de Villavicencio no se realizan estudios salariales. Los resultados demuestran que el sector presenta un ambiente de trabajo atractivo para la población que quiera pertenecer, aunque los requisitos de educación son altos los salarios están acordes al nivel de estudio, además es un sector que no presenta inequidad de género.
Evaluación del índice económico de Colombia para el período 2020 a 2022 con redes neuronales artificiales
Authors: Bustamante Zuleta Valeria Alejandra , Martinez Navas Hermes Jackson
Published: March 2021

This article analyze some of the important macroeconomic indicators in Colombia,such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the Representative Market Rate (TRM), the Oil Price (BRENT and WIT) and COLCAP. The objective is to study Colombia's economic.The analysis were obtained with artificial neural networks on Colombian indicators data for the period 2001 to 2018 of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and Bloomberg. Concluding, for Colombia, the last two cases are highly favorable for the economy, because they will generate a greater influx of dollars, allowing positive effects on the domestic product and the consumer price index.
Impacto de la normalización de la política monetaria de la FED en el acceso al crédito de las empresas latinoamericanas
Authors: Botello Peñaloza Héctor Alberto
Published: March 2021

El financiamiento de las empresas (interno o externo) es lo que potencia el tejido productivo de los países, así entonces esta investigación tiene como objetivo estimar el impacto de la normalización de la política monetaria de la Reserva Federal de Estados Unidos sobre el acceso al crédito de las empresas latinoamericanas. Se implementa un modelo de elección discreta sobre un panel longitudinal para 25 mil firmas en 12 países entre el 2010 y 2017. Se introducen diversas variables internas y externas a las firmas. Adicionalmente, se incluyen variables sobre la estructura bancaria de los países, la variación de las tasas de interés nacionales y de las FED. Entre los resultados se obtiene que los determinantes más relevantes para acceder al crédito son las características internas de las firmas. Por otro lado, el cambio de la política monetaria de la Reserva federal no fue significativa en las estimaciones. Adicionalmente se encontró que mayores niveles de competencia en el sector financiero disminuyen la cantidad de fondos internos utilizados por las empresas para financiar la actividad productiva de la firma un 12%.
Bayes Estimation of the Modified Inverse Rayleigh Parameters Under Various Approximation Techniques
Authors: Taufique Mehak , Bashir Naila , Saud Naz , Farooq Muhammad
Published: March 2021

In this paper we proposed Bayes estimators for complete sample of the Modified InverseRayleigh (MIR) parameters which was introduced by Khan (2014). Different approximationmethods with squared error loss function (SELF) have been used to develop the bayesestimators for the unknown parameters. The proposed estimators are compared with the correspondingmaximum likelihood estimators by simulation study on the basis of mean squareerror (MSE). To illustrate the usefulness and goodness of fit of Modified Inverse Rayleighdistribution we considered two real data sets.
Are people having adequate knowledge to prevent COVID-19 pandemic? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaur Rashpinder , Sharma Poonam , . Deepika , Kaur Pavit , . Rajni , Gill Suchpreet Kaur
Published: March 2021

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic is still going on around the globe and prevention of this pandemic is depend on how much people are aware regarding COVID-19 disease. The present study was conducted with an aim to determine the level of knowledge towards COVID-19 among people.Methods: Present study included cross sectional descriptive survey design which was conducted on 366 participants who visited in university during 2020. Convenient sampling technique was chosen for selection of samples. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data in SPSS.Results: Study findings revealed that there were 343 (93.7%) female participants and were students (86.3%). Overall, more than half (60.1%) of participants had good knowledge while 37.2% had average knowledge on COVID-19. Significant difference was found among participants’ group (p>0.001), gender (p=0.021), education (p=0.002), marital status (p=0.002), age (p=0.021), and inhabitants (p=0.002 Participants showed poor knowledge on COVID-19 susceptibility (81%) and diagnosis (90%) aspects.Conclusions: Study concluded that many people were still had average and poor knowledge on COVID-19. Higher authorities must find the ways for making people more aware on this pandemic to control its impact.
MIGnnovación: La oportunidad del sector privado y la sociedad civil ante el desafío migratorio en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: López Gross Juan Pablo , Elías González Alison , Buenadicha Sánchez César , Muñoz Gómez Felipe , Franco Segura Cecilia , Fernández García Xoán
Published: March 2021

¿Sabías que la migración impulsa el crecimiento y la capacidad de innovación de los países? América Latina y el Caribe enfrenta un fenómeno migratorio sin precedentes. De los casi 15 millones de migrantes en la región más de la mitad han dejado sus países en los últimos 5 años, debido a situaciones de inestabilidad política, social y económica, desastres naturales y el COVID-19. Desde el Laboratorio de Innovación (BID Lab) y la Unidad de Migración del BID creemos que este desafío demanda una participación más activa y novedosa del sector privado y la sociedad civil, que permita crear nuevas oportunidades al unir el crecimiento económico y social que genera la migración con la capacidad de innovación, creatividad y emprendimiento que caracteriza a estos sectores y a los migrantes. Este enfoque, que llamamos MIGnnovación, busca apoyar los esfuerzos del sector público, aprovechar el talento de las personas, las nuevas tecnologías y la construcción de alianzas para convertir esta realidad en una gran oportunidad de desarrollo inclusivo para nuestros países. Conoce en esta publicación datos, historias e iniciativas exitosas que demuestran el poder de la MIGnnovación para hacer frente al desafío migratorio, y así seguir en nuestra tarea de mejorar la vida de millones.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 2020: Financial Statements
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: March 2021

This report is the second of two volumes which together constitute the Inter-American Development Bank's 2020 Annual Report. This report contains the management's discussion and analysis of the Bank's ordinary capital and financial statements.
“Artificial sociality”: with regard to the discussions
Authors: Alekhina Tatiana A.
Published: March 2021

Growing importance of modern technologies, artificial intelligence and Internet network have a significant impact on modern social practices. As a result of all those changes, emerging artificial sociality attracts growing attention both in foreign and Russian sociology. Actor-network theory, in which an idea of modern world hybridity has been formulated, is one of the possible theoretical and methodological approaches to study artificial sociality. The article covers modern discussions surrounding the «artificial sociality» concept, as well as empirical aspects of this phenomenon research. The article offers a review of some new methodological approaches which are exploited by foreign sociologists in the context of rapidly growing digitalization, but are not currently used in Russian sociology. That is research of activity of social networks users and, in particular, visual cross-platform analysis; study of human behavior with the help of mobile devices and, in particular, study of mobile apps users’ behavior. Description of these methodological approaches represents scientific novelty of this article. Development of new research methods demonstrates the tendency of sociology development towards increasingly pronounced role of multidisciplinary research and increasingly close collaboration with modern computer technologies.
Unmanned Fault Detection in Distribution Lines
Authors: Balladka Dhananjaya
Published: March 2021

The companies supplying electric power round the globe are facing various issues related due to the occurrence of fault in the distribution lines. Most of them are investing on the research and development of state-of-art technologies to boost continuous supply of energy to the users. The consumers can be guaranteed of flawless power if it is possible to identify and rectify the faults at the shorter time span than usual. The usual way to identify the fault and fault location is with the aid of man power. This work deals with the design and fabrication of an intelligent system based on the GSM. This system helps in efficient identification of the fault and location of the fault, initiating a message to the respective crew members and the control station and ensures that the technical crew will be able to reach the location very accurately in shorter time and recapitulate power at the earliest. The setup includes a current sensor, Arduino and a GSM module. The system identifies the location of fault and the data regarding the location of fault is efficiently conveyed to the control personnel or monitoring system over GSM. The location of the fault thus obtained is very fine and accurate, and the time needed to identify the location of flaw is greatly reduced.
Not Just a Terminological Difference: Cartesian Substance Dualism vs Thomistic Hylomorphism
Authors: Skrzypek Jeremy W.
Published: March 2021

In Are We Bodies or Souls? Richard Swinburne presents an updated formulation and defense of his dualist theory of the human person. On this theory, human persons are compound substances, composed of both bodies and souls. The soul is the only essential component of the human person, however, and so each of us could, in principle, continue to exist without our bodies, composed of nothing more than our souls. As Swinburne himself points out, his theory of the human person shares many similarities with the hylomorphic theory of the human person espoused by Thomas Aquinas. Swinburne suggests at one point that the differences between the two theories are “almost entirely terminological,” pertaining chiefly to how each understands the term ‘substance’. In this essay, I aim to show that the differences between Swinburne’s Cartesian substance dualism and Thomistic hylomorphism are much more significant than that. I argue, moreover, that the distinctive claims of Thomistic hylomorphism allow it to successfully avoid some key concerns for Swinburne’s view.
Swinburne’s Are We Bodies or Souls?
Authors: Hasker William
Published: March 2021

Richard Swinburne’s Are We Bodies or Souls? presents a sustained case for a view concerning the nature of persons that can be classified as a form of either Cartesian dualism or emergent dualism. This paper comments on two important arguments developed in the book and concludes by considering the problem of the origin of souls.
Are We Embodied Souls?
Authors: Taliaferro Charles
Published: March 2021

It is argued that Swinburne should stress the functional unity of soul and body under most healthy conditions. Too often, critics of substance dualism charge dualists with promoting a problematic bifurcation between soul and body. Swinburne’s work is defended against objections from Thomas Nagel. It is argued that Swinburne’s appeal to the first-person point of view is sound.
Clinical, Epidemiological and Bacteriological Profile of Culture Positive Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile Children – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Rokkam Bhavani Shankar , Menni Chowdary Babu , Pedada Ramu , Alikana Deepak Kumar
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTI) constitute a common cause of morbidity in infants and children. When associated with abnormalities of urinary tract, they may lead to long-term complications including renal scarring, loss of function and hypertension. Most urinary tract infections remain undiagnosed if investigations are not routinely performed to detect them. Prompt detection and treatment of urinary tract infections and any complicating factors are important. The objective of the study is to know the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological profile (i.e. clinical signs and symptoms, age, sex, family history, associated urinary tract abnormalities, & causative organisms) of urinary tract infections in febrile children with culture positive urinary tract infection. METHODS This descriptive, cross sectional observational study was conducted at outpatient clinics of our “child health clinics” between May 2016 and April 2017 (one year). All children aged 0 to 12 years with culture positive urinary tract infections were included in this study to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological profile. RESULTS A total of 69 children with culture positive urinary tract infections were included in this study. Out of 69 children included in this study, 36 (52.2 %) were females and 33 (47.8 %) were males. Overall female preponderance was seen and the M: F ratio was 0.9:1. But during first year of life in our study group we had more boys (10, 14.49 %) affected with urinary tract infection than girls. 49.3 % of urinary tract infections in the present study belonged to lower socio-economic status. Most common organism causing urinary tract infection in our group was E. coli (56.5 %). Fever (100 %), anorexia or refusal of feeds (52.2 %), dysuria (46.4 %), vomiting (46.4 %) and abdominal pain (39.1 %) were the predominant clinical manifestations observed in our study. CONCLUSIONS Urinary tract infection is a common medical problem in children and it should be considered as a potential cause of fever in children. As febrile children with urinary tract infection usually present with non-specific signs and symptoms, urine culture should be considered as a part of diagnostic evaluation. KEYWORDS Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Febrile Children, Bacteriological Profile, Urine Culture
Aetiologic Profile of Patients with Altered Mental Status in Medical Emergency in a Tertiary Care Medical Institute - A Cross Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Kushwah Saraswati , Singh Pritam , Singh Kamal , Kaur Daljinderjit , Lehl Sarabmeet Singh
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Altered mental status (AMS) is a symptom complex that may arise from a variety of primary neurologic disorders and systemic illnesses. The underlying diagnosis affects final outcome of patients that may be predicted by use of objective tools. This study was conducted to describe the aetiologic distribution of such patients presenting to emergency room and assess the utility of Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) as prognostic tools. METHODS In this cross-sectional observational study, we identified such 120 adult patients at a single centre tertiary care facility and documented their bio-demographic profile, RASS & GCS scores, routine metabolic profile, specific investigations (like neuro-imaging, lumbar puncture, toxicologic screen) as indicated, along with patient outcome at 2 weeks. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 49.76 ± 18.72 years with 79 (66 %) patients being male. The aetiologic distribution was as follows; cerebrovascular (N = 24; 20 %), infections (N = 40; 33 %), metabolic (N = 37; 30.8 %), toxicologic (11; 9.2 %) and seizure disorder (N = 8; 6.7 %). The total mortality rate was 38 % as assessed at the end of two weeks. While RASS did not fare well as a prognostic tool, GCS score less than 8 was associated with statistically significant increase in mortality rates (52 % vs. 31 %). CONCLUSIONS Altered mental status has varied presentation and the aetiologies for AMS are evenly distributed among primary central nervous system (CNS) causes and systemic causes leading to secondary AMS. It is helpful to use some standardised scoring systems that bring uniformity in the assessment as well as prognostic implications. KEYWORDS Alerted Mental Status, Aetiologic Distribution, Outcome, RASS, GCS
HER2 / neu Overexpression in Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Association with Tumour Grading - A Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala
Authors: A.T Sebina Asmi , Madathiveetil Suma
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 HER2 / neu, is a trans membrane tyrosine kinase receptor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and is involved in the pathogenesis of urinary bladder cancer. In this study we attempted to evaluate the HER2 / neu expression in urothelial carcinoma of bladder and its association with tumour grading. METHODS This was a cross sectional study with a sample size of 75. Routine 4 micrometre thick sections of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks stained with haematoxylin & eosin were reviewed. Tumour grade was determined by using the World Health Organization (WHO) / International Society of Urological Pathologist criteria (ISUP). Immunohistochemistry was done by using HER2 / neu monoclonal antibody and its expression were observed. The membrane staining intensity and pattern were studied and scored. RESULTS In our study 75 cases of urothelial carcinoma were studied, of which 49 cases were papillary urothelial carcinoma low grade, 26 cases were papillary urothelial carcinoma high grade. Among these, 19 cases were infiltrating urothelial carcinoma. HER2 / neu positivity were observed in 27 (36 %) cases and overexpression in 8 (10 %) cases. Low grade urothelial carcinoma showed HER2 / neu positivity in 11 (22 %) cases and overexpression in 1 (2 %) case. High grade urothelial carcinoma showed HER2 / neu positivity in 16 (64 %) cases, among which 7 (28 %) cases showed overexpression. HER2 / neu positivity was seen in 13 (68 %) cases of infiltrating urothelial carcinoma with 4 (21 %) cases showing overexpression. A statistically significant difference in HER2 / neu expression was noted in high grade and invasive urothelial carcinoma compared to low grade and non-invasive urothelial carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Urothelial carcinomas show overexpression of HER2 / neu and this over expression increases with increasing grade of tumour and muscle invasiveness. KEYWORDS Urothelial Carcinoma, HER2 / neu, Overexpression, Tumour Grade, Trastuzumab
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Pelvic Masses and Its Correlation with Histopathology in a Teaching Hospital in Telangana, India
Authors: Marri Ravi Kumar , Palleboina Sushmita
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Ultrasonography (USG) is the diagnostic test of choice in evaluating pelvic masses. Because of considerable overlap in the morphologic pattern of different pelvic masses, diagnosis should be correlated with histopathological findings. We wanted to do an ultrasonographic evaluation of pelvic masses and study its correlation with histopathology in a teaching hospital. METHODS This is a prospective study done among 40 cases subjected to USG at Department of Radiology, Hyderabad, Telangana, over a period of seven months. The USG findings were noted and were correlated with the final histopathological findings. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for malignancy were 75 % and 88.8 % respectively. RESULTS In the present study ovarian masses were most frequent (67.5 %), followed by uterine (25 %) and adnexal masses (7.5 %). Majority of the benign pelvic masses (67 %) were seen in the age group of 31 – 40 years while malignant pelvic masses (15 %) were more common in the age group of 51 – 60 years. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography is the first choice imaging technique to investigate pelvic masses in women. Of all gynaecological pelvic masses, ovarian masses are the commonest. Sonography has good sensitivity and specificity and is very effective in diagnosis of gynaecological masses and it correlates well with the final histopathological diagnosis. KEYWORDS Ultrasonography, Pelvic Masses, Ovarian Masses, Histopathology
The Effectiveness of the Pilot Implementation of Iran’s Comprehensive Mental and Social Health Services (the SERAJ Program): A Controlled Community Trial
Authors: Hajebi Ahmad , Sharifi Vandad , Asgardoon Mohammad Hossein , Damari Behzad
Published: March 2021

Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “SERAJ” was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SERAJ by conducting assessments before and after the implementation in the intervention and the control areas.
Method: This was a controlled community trial that was assessed by conducting repeated surveys in the intervention and the control areas. In total, 2952 and 2874 individuals were assessed in the intervention and the control areas, respectively. The change in prevalence of mental disorders (using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIDI), service utilization, mental health literacy, happiness, and perceived social support were measured over 18 months in three districts of Osko, Bardsir, and Quchan as the intervention areas, which were compared with three matched districts as the control areas.
Results: No significant difference was found in the mean score of happiness between the intervention and the control areas throughout the study period. Most aspects of mental health literacy were improved in the intervention areas after implementing the intervention. The mean score of social support decreased after implementing the intervention in all areas. The prevalence of mental disorders in the intervention districts was significantly reduced after 18 months. The rate of using any mental health services after the intervention was not statistically different between the intervention and the control areas.
Conclusion: There was no significant change in some indicators in the intervention compared with the control areas. We suggest evaluating SERAJ’s achievements and challenges in the three intervention districts before expanding the implementation of this pilot experience into other districts.
The Global Prevalence of Conduct Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad-Reza , Salmanian Maryam , Keshavarzi Zahra
Published: March 2021

Objective: There has been little effort to conduct systematic reviews or meta-analyses of the available literature to find global prevalence rates of conduct disorder and analyze the sources of heterogeneity.
Method: We searched multiple databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify cross-sectional studies with random or nonrandom sampling to assess the global prevalence of conduct disorder in children and adolescents aged under 18 in the general or school-based populations. Quality assessment and data extraction were independently carried out by two authors. Subgroup analysis was used to find the potential sources of heterogeneity.
Results: We reached 50 studies, incorporating 186,056 children and adolescents from 35 countries. The total prevalence of conduct disorder was 8% (CI: 7-9%; I2: 99.77%), including 7% in females (CI: 4-9%; I2: 99.56%) and 11% in males (CI: 7-15%; I2: 99.74%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that total heterogeneity could be explained by measurement tools. When diagnostic interviews such as the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) were employed, the pooled prevalence rates for conduct disorder were 0.4% and 0.7%, respectively, and heterogeneity decreased. However, the use of the screening tools such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)-parent or teacher report and SDQ-self report increased the pooled prevalence of conduct disorder to 10% and 16% respectively.
Conclusion: The prevalence of conduct disorder in the epidemiological studies should be estimated by employing the diagnostic interviews to reach accurately assessments.
Association Between Promoter Polymorphisms of IL-1Β, IL-4 and IL-6 Genes and a Viral Load Infected Women with Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Albosale Abbas Hadi , Mashkina Elena Vladimirovna
Published: March 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between IL-4 -589C>T, IL-6 -174G>C, IL-1β -31T>C and IL-1β -511C>T genes polymorphism with high concentrations of human papillomavirus (HPV), and the influence of gene-gene interactions on persistent human papillomavirus infection.
Methods: In this study, 101 infected women with high HPV viral load and 93 healthy women were involved in a case-control study. Genotyping of SNPs for IL-4 -589C>T, IL-6 -174G>C, IL-1β -31T>C and IL-1β -511C>T genes was carried out by allele-specific PCR. Quantitative analysis of HPV-DNA was performed by Amplisens HPV HCR genotype-titer software. Gene-gene interactions were analyzed using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) algorithm. Haplotype interactions were analyzed by HaploView 4.2 tool.
Results: The study of single individual SNPs in promoters of IL-4 -589C>T, IL-6 -174G>C and IL-1β -31T>C genes did not reveal statistically significant difference in genotypesand allele frequencies among women with high HPV viral load and control group. The frequency of -511T allele and TT genotype of the IL-1β gene in case group was significantly higher than the one in control group (OR=1.71, p=0.012 and OR=2.02, p=0.046, respectively). Haplotype analysis revealed that -511C/-31T haplotype for IL-1β gene is significantly less common among women with high HPV viral load  (p=0.018).
Conclusion: The haplotype -511C/-31T for IL-1β gene is associated with a protective effect against increasing HPV viral load. The frequencies of -511T allele and -511TT genotype of the IL-1β -511C>T were significantly higher among women with HPV in comparison to control group.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Stress and Anxiety of Non-infected Pregnant Mothers
Authors: Mehdizadehkashi Abolfazl , Chaichian Shahla , Haghighi Ladan , Eshraghi Nooshin , Bordbar Arash , Hashemi Neda , Derakhshan Roya , Mirgalobayat Shahla , Rokhgireh Samaneh , Tahermanesh Kobra
Published: March 2021

Background: The newly emerging COVID-19 has caused severe anxiety around the world and it is infecting more people each day since there is no preventive measure or definite therapy for the diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate its effect on anxiety and stress of pregnant mothers during perinatal care.
Methods: Three–hundred pregnant mothers without COVID–19 infection who were referred to the hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences for delivery during April 2020, based on negative clinical symptoms and the results of polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) for COVID–19, were recruited by census method and asked to complete the Persian version of the perceived stress scale (PSS); participants views about their anxiety level and the role of COVID–19 as the source of their stress and worries were recorded. Women who refused to continue the study were excluded. The frequency of variables and mean scores were calculated using SPSS v. 21.
Results: Mean age of mothers was 30.20±16.19 years; 31.3% were primigravida and mean gestational age was 38.00±4.14 weeks. Moreover, 16.3% asked for earlier pregnancy termination and 39% requested Cesarean section (C/S). Assessing the mothers’ anxiety revealed a high/very high level of anxiety in 51.3%. The majority felt worried and frustrated because of COVID–19 (86.4%). Social media had a great impact on the level of stress among these mothers (60.3%).
Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic is an important source for the increased anxiety and stress among healthy pregnant mothers.
Career Destiny of Healthcare Management Field from the Perspective of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Graduates
Authors: Askari Roohollah , Sheikhy-Chaman Mohammadreza , Entezarian Ardekani Samaneh , Miankoohi Elham
Published: March 2021

Background: Identifying the current employment status provides useful information for policy makers and decision makers of the country's education system in order to future planning for determining the admission capacity of students and the conditions of graduate’s recruitment and employment condition of various fields. The aim of this study was determining the career destiny of healthcare management from the perspective of graduates.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study was conducted in the second half of 2018 on 108 graduates of healthcare management at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. Participants entered the study by census method and the data collection tool was standard career destiny questionnaire. Statistical analyzes were performed in SPSS 16 using descriptive (Frequency, Mean, Standard deviation, Percentage) and analytical (independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient test) statistics.
Results: The mean score of career destiny in the present study was 3.04 ± 0.65 that among its dimensions, the highest and the lowest average score was related to the specialized and professional abilities dimension (3.69 ± 0.65 (and creating the necessary facilities for employment by the university dimension (2.59 ± 0.63), respectively. Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between the dimension of specialized and professional abilities with the variable of marital status (P = 0.046), the dimensions of creating the necessary facilities for employment by the university (P = 0.031), the appropriateness of the curriculum and professors education with employment (P = 0.047) and the role of university environment and entrepreneurship skills (P = 0.034) with the variable of age and finally the appropriateness of the curriculum and professors education with employment with the variable of grade point average (GPA) (P = 0.029) of participants.
Conclusion: It is suggested to provide employment opportunities for graduates in the field of healthcare management at different levels of the health system, educational objectives, curriculum content and clerkship and internship courses of field to be changed based on the country's labor market needs and finally, educational centers play a more prominent role to introducing the capabilities of their graduates to the health labor market.
Mortalidade por câncer de pulmão: perfil e tendências após a vigência da Lei Antifumo
Authors: Novo Carolina Pimentel Duarte , Zanin Luciane , Perin Viviane , Fonseca Marcia Regina Campos Costa da
Published: March 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil da mortalidade por câncer de pulmão, traqueia e brônquios, no Estado de São Paulo, e desenhar um ensaio sobre os efeitos iniciais da Lei Antifumo sobre os padrões de mortalidade. Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, que englobou a mortalidade por esta neoplasia (C33-34) no período entre 2001-2008 e 2010-2017, extraído do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade. As variações da mortalidade anterior e posterior à Lei foram verificadas por meio das taxas de mortalidade e das distribuições da mortalidade segundo: raça, escolaridade e estado civil. Foram registrados no Estado de São Paulo 88.887 óbitos por câncer de traqueia, brônquios e pulmão, sendo 38.671 (43,51%) antes da Lei Antifumo e 50.216 (56,49%) posterior a Lei. Nos anos estudados, houve crescimento no número/taxa de óbitos, principalmente no sexo feminino. Na comparação antes/após a Lei houve diminuição de mortes no: sexo masculino, menores de 50 anos, brancos, solteiros e escolaridade entre 4-7 anos. O crescimento dos óbitos na população feminina revela sua recente adesão ao tabagismo, expondo a necessidade de políticas públicas para seu controle com maior potencial resolutivo. Ressalta-se a importância de garantia de Legislação pertinente, bem como de Políticas Públicas direcionadas a prevenção e controle do tabagismo, principalmente aos grupos de maior vulnerabilidade.
Zarządzanie wiedzą w ramach regionalnych systemów innowacji
Authors: Bugowski Łukasz Karol
Published: March 2021

W artykule omówiono znaczenie zarządzania wiedzą dla sprawnego funkcjonowania Regionalnych Systemów Innowacji. Autor poddał analizie obszary zarządzania wiedzą, z uwzględnieniem wymiaru regionalnego. Region jest wyjątkowym typem organizacji, która także musi opracować metody gospodarowania zasobami, takimi jak wiedza, informacje i dane. Do najważniejszych elementów zarządzania wiedzą w ramach RSI zostały zaliczone takie procesy, jak zapewnienie kanałów przepływu wiedzy i umiejętności, rozwijanie współpracy pomiędzy sektorem nauki a regionalnymi przedsiębiorstwami, wzmacnianie powiązań wewnątrz sektora naukowego oraz koordynowanie działań wszystkich jednostek w ramach RSI. Efektem umiejętnego zarządzania wiedzą powinno być stworzenie środowiska sprzyjającego powstawaniu regionalnych mechanizmów tworzenia i dyfuzji innowacji. W rezultacie osiągnięty zostanie strategiczny cel stawiany przed RSI, a mianowicie powstanie regionalnej gospodarki opartej na wiedzy, która jest warunkiem koniecznym do uzyskania przewagi konkurencyjnej regionu i jego dynamicznego rozwoju.
Polityka rachunkowości a kształtowanie wyniku finansowego przedsiębiorstwa na przykładzie zapasów
Authors: Chudzicka Renata
Published: March 2021

Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości odmiennego kształtowania wyniku finansowego w rezultacie przyjęcia i realizacji określonej przez przedsiębiorstwo polityki rachunkowości. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wybrane różnice pomiędzy polityką rachunkowości prowadzoną w oparciu o ustawę o rachunkowości a polityką rachunkowości z uwzględnieniem Międzynarodowych Standardów Rachunkowości, w odniesieniu do wyceny zapasów.
Skuteczność zarządzania projektami w branży hotelarskiej
Authors: Janusz Artur
Published: March 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano kluczowe wyniki badań w zakresie zarządzania projektami w branży hotelarskiej, przeprowadzone w 2011 roku. Celem badania było zidentyfikowanie związku pomiędzy sposobem, w jaki projekt jest zarządzany a osiągniętym rezultatem projektu. Cel artykułu został osiągnięty. Wyniki badań pozwalają sformułować kilka rekomendacji dotyczących zarządzania projektami w branży hotelarskiej w nadchodzącej dekadzie.
Addressing NNP Shortages in a Level IV NICU: A Solution in Your Own Backyard
Authors: Ehrhardt Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

NICUs have evolved in the last 20 years. Patients are being rescued at earlier gestation, and with this comes potential sequelae and complex issues throughout the hospitalization. As a result, there is an increased need for experienced, well-rounded neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) to care for these patients. Staff ratios are slow to catch up to the needs of the patients; NNPs are often caring for 15–30 patients at a time. This can leave the provider with a sense of not providing good enough care, burnout, and disillusionment with the reasons they entered school to become an NNP. This article provides a unique alternative to improve staffing ratios of students who are already familiar with not only the NICU, but your NICU: Relationships have been established and engagement of the unit is already present in the candidates.
Differential Effects of State Policy Environments on Substance Use by Sexual Identity: Findings From the 2000–2015 National Alcohol Surveys
Authors: Drabble Laurie A. , Mericle Amy A. , Gómez Walter , Klinger Jamie L. , Trocki Karen F. , Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: This study explored whether structural stigma, defined by U.S. state policies related to sexual minority rights, moderated the relationship between sexual identity identity and heavy drinking, alcohol problems, and marijuana use among men and women. Methods: Using combined data from the National Alcohol Survey (NAS) series (2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015), the sample included 11,115 men (421 sexual minority and 10,694 heterosexual) and 14,395 women (413 sexual minority and 13,982 heterosexual). State policy environment was assessed using a time-varying dichotomous indicator of comprehensive protections for sexual minorities (4–6 protections vs. limited or no protections). Gender-stratified logistic regression analyses examined the differential effect of the policy environment by sexual identity on three past-year substance use outcomes: high-intensity drinking (8+ drinks/day), any DSM-5 alcohol use disorder, and marijuana use. Results: Among women, sexual minority status was associated with increased odds of all alcohol and marijuana use outcomes. Among men, sexual minority status was associated with decreased odds of high-intensity drinking but increased use of marijuana. Comprehensive policy protections were associated significantly decreased odds of high-intensity drinking among sexual minority men and marginally significant decreases among women. Conclusions: Comprehensive policy protections appear to be protective for high-intensity drinking among sexual minority men and women. Findings underscore the importance of supportive policies in reducing risk of alcohol-related problems among sexual minorities.
GANDHI, YOGA AND THE ISSUE OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT. IS THE NOTION OF NONVIOLENCE (AHIMSA) APPLICABLE IN HISTORY?
Authors: DAN MARIANA
Published: March 2021

The fact that spiritual development is needed both on an individual and social level is an issue all traditional societies were acquainted with. The laic and materialistic contemporary world is a mere historical, de-ontologized background which, while promoting individualism and competition, puts aside the trans-historical spiritual values, that have always defined man as a humane and human being, either in religion, or culture. This paper describes the motivation which was provided for man’s spiritual development in Yoga and Christianity, which had, on the one hand, a socializing, integrating function, and on the other hand, a compensatory one. Gandhi’s politics and policy founded on nonviolence and truthfulness is contrasted with man’s nihilistic nature, if not trained to develop his spiritual traits. Today’s redefinition of culture and education, which neglects man’s spiritual values, is the reason why, by contrast, we provided a large space for explaining Gandhi’s views and Yoga, which might be models to be followed even in a laic world, in which personal development should be backed up by man’s spiritual growth, if we want to survive as human beings.
Digital ethnography of social media: Srikandi Sungai Indonesia activists in water and river conservation
Authors: Habsari Sri Kusumo , Rohmatin Fatkhu , Istadiyantha Istadiyantha
Published: March 2021

Women have been recognized as environmental activists and having a greater awareness of ecology worldwide since the 19th century. There are many stories of women activists worldwide who have developed significant models for protecting the environment. Social media’s popularity has changed how activists advocate their ideas to generate awareness and environmental protection participation. This study focuses on the grassroots women who join SSI and actively campaign for water and river conservation through social media. It attempts to identify how they use social media to campaign and analyzes their posts’ digital contents to understand their motivation for challenging the water river degradation and their value systems and insights, which drive them to take action. This study considers social media as cultural artifacts and providing spaces for social interaction. The researchers observe SSI’s posting behaviors and identify how they use social media for environmental activism to obtain the data. The finding shows two kinds of women activists join SSI: those who actively involve and participate in the campaign and those who click to support the activities. It also shows that the environmental activist women use social media to communicate their activities rather than maximizing its function to campaign to change the public perspective and attitude concerning the need to take care of the rivers’ water and riverbanks. Women activists continue to adopt dominant Indonesian patterns and social media use orders. Social media’s function is still seen only as a space for selfies rather than to develop a political message concerning environmentalism.
Ethical identification of Muslim women on Mandangin Island: An ethnographic study
Authors: Ahmadi Anas
Published: March 2021

In a community, ethics have a connection with religion. A person whose religion is vital would respect the ethics associated with that religion. Along with the current technology development, community ethics have begun to change, whether quickly or slowly. In a community, this change of ethics happens because it follows the development within modernism and globalization. This study explores the ethical identification of Muslim women in Mandangin Island, Madura Island, East Java. This study uses an ethnographic method that refers to Spradley’s. Data obtained from interviews with female informants who are categorized: adolescents, mothers, and grandmothers. Based on this research data, it is known that there are three ethics of Muslim women in Mandangin Island. First, they uphold ethics, who into this group (from young to old) do not want to ride a motorbike and wear jeans that are respected on and off the island. Second, those who carry out an ethical transformation, in this group, they (teenagers) adhere to manners while on Mandangin Island; however, they ride motorbikes and wear jeans outside the island. On the one hand, those who fall into this category want to appreciate and uphold ethics in the people of Mandangin Island and want to follow modernism. They want to be able to ride motorbikes and wear jeans like most women. Third, those who violate ethics. It is most unusual for the third category because Muslim women consider themselves to adhere to religion and ethics.
Topoclimate and wine quality: results of research on the Gewürztraminer grape variety in South Tyrol, northern Italy
Authors: Ferretti Carlo
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to identify the ecological indicators that facilitate predictive analysis and to search for patterns in local geographical information to identify risks and opportunities in viticulture. The study focused on environmental factors that significantly affect the ripeness of the Gewürztraminer grape variety cultivated near Tramin, a village in northern Italy. In particular, the reliability of the new Solar Radiation Identity (SRI) topoclimate classification method was tested, along with its predictive capability in terms of the biosynthetic activity of the vine and the quality of its grapes. The SRI index characterises each vineyard in a precise and comparable way and helps to understand the way in which the topoclimate acts as an important abiotic stress factor for vines. A direct relationship between grape must sugar content and the SRI topoclimate index was observed. Our findings indicate an increase in sugar content of approximately 0.8 °KMW for every 10 points of the SRI index. Thus, a novel prediction model of grape ripening based on an SRI curve analysis is proposed. The correct application of the SRI index could be useful for discriminating and predicting geographical charactersitics of a given area strongly connected to ecological diversity and wine quality. It could support decision making in viticulture in terms of, for example, correctly matching vineyard and grape varieties, reducing wine vulnerability and production risk and predicting optimal ripeness and harvesting days. The use of the SRI prediction curve could help in adopting a more sustainable approach to agriculture and in finding new methods for adapting to climate change, such as by improving the match between the cultivars’ phenological status, vineyard location and growing season average temperature.