bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel passive detection approach reveals low breeding season survival and apparent lactation cost in a critically endangered cave bat
Authors: van Harten Emmi , Lawrence Ruth , Lumsden Lindy F. , Reardon Terry , Prowse Thomas A. A.
Published: May 2022

Capture-mark-recapture/resight (CMR) methods are used for survival-rate studies, yet are often limited by small sample sizes. Advances in passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology have enabled passive detection or ‘resight’ of marked individuals using large antennas with greater read-ranges than previously possible. We used passively-detected resight data and CMR models to study survival rates of the southern bent-winged batMiniopterus orianae bassanii, a critically endangered, cave-dwelling bat. Over three years, we used PIT-tagging to monitor 2966 individuals at the species’ largest breeding aggregation, using daily detection data (> 1.6 million detections) to estimate seasonal survival probabilities, structured by age, sex and reproductive status, and parameterise population projection matrices. This has hitherto been impossible using traditional CMR methods due to disturbance risk and low recapture rates. Bats exhibited lowest apparent seasonal survival over summer and autumn, particularly for reproductive females in summer (when lactating) and juveniles in autumn (after weaning), and high survival in winter. Lowest survival rates coincided with severe drought in summer–autumn 2016, suggesting that dry conditions affect population viability. Under all likely demographic assumptions, population projection matrices suggested the population is in deterministic decline, requiring urgent action to reduce extinction risk. Passively-collected resight data can now be used in combination with CMR models to provide extensive, robust information for targeted wildlife population management.
Cytotoxicity of polymers intended for the extrusion-based additive manufacturing of surgical guides
Authors: Burkhardt Felix , Spies Benedikt C. , Wesemann Christian , Schirmeister Carl G. , Licht Erik H. , Beuer Florian , Steinberg Thorsten , Pieralli Stefano
Published: May 2022

Extrusion-based printing enables simplified and economic manufacturing of surgical guides for oral implant placement. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of a biocopolyester (BE) and a polypropylene (PP), intended for the fused filament fabrication of surgical guides was evaluated. For comparison, a medically certified resin based on methacrylic esters (ME) was printed by stereolithography (n = 18 each group). Human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) were exposed to eluates of the tested materials and an impedance measurement and a tetrazolium assay (MTT) were performed. Modulations in gene expression were analyzed by quantitative PCR. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey tests were applied. None of the materials exceeded the threshold for cytotoxicity (< 70% viability in MTT) according to ISO 10993-5:2009. The impedance-based cell indices for PP and BE, reflecting cell proliferation, showed little deviations from the control, while ME caused a reduction of up to 45% after 72 h. PCR analysis after 72 h revealed only marginal modulations caused by BE while PP induced a down-regulation of genes encoding for inflammation and apoptosis (p < 0.05). In contrast, the 72 h ME eluate caused an up-regulation of these genes (p < 0.01). All evaluated materials can be considered biocompatible in vitro for short-term application. However, long-term contact to ME might induce (pro-)apoptotic/(pro-)inflammatory responses in HGK.
Excretion and viability of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and its association with the clinical outcome of COVID-19
Authors: Cerrada-Romero Cristina , Berastegui-Cabrera Judith , Camacho-Martínez Pedro , Goikoetxea-Aguirre Josune , Pérez-Palacios Patricia , Santibáñez Sonia , José Blanco-Vidal María , Valiente Adoración , Alba Jorge , Rodríguez-Álvarez Regino , Pascual Álvaro , Oteo José Antonio , Miguel Cisneros José , Pachón Jerónimo , Casas-Flecha Inmaculada , Cordero Elisa , Pozo Francisco , Sánchez-Céspedes Javier
Published: May 2022

The main objective was to evaluate the viability of the SARS-CoV-2 viral particles excreted in stools. In addition, we aimed to identify clinical factors associated with the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces, and to determine if its presence is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or death. A prospective multicenter cohort study of COVID-19 adult patients, with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR assay in nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs admitted to four hospitals in Spain, from March 2020 to February 2021. Sixty-two adult COVID-19 patients had stool samples collected at admission and/or during the follow up, with a total of 79 stool samples. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool samples from 27 (43.5%) out of the 62 patients. Replicative virus, measured by the generation of cytopathic effect in cell culture and subsequent RT-PCR confirmation of a decrease in the Ct values, was not found in any of these stool samples. Fecal virus excretion was not associated with the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, or with differences in the evolution of COVID-19 patients. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 replicative capacity is null or very limited in stool samples, and thus, the fecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as an alternative infection route is highly unlikely. In our study, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces at the beginning of the disease is not associated with any clinical factor nor with an unfavorable clinical outcome.
Fluorescence and UV/visible spectroscopic investigation of orange and mango fruit juice quality in case of Adama Town
Authors: Gebishu Muktar , Fikadu Boka , Bekele Bulcha , Tesfaye Jule Leta , N Nagaprasad. , Ramaswamy Krishnaraj
Published: May 2022

Extracted Mango and Orange juices were investigated by using spectroscopic techniques such as UV/Visible and Fluorescence. Three portions of samples (fresh juice) were stored at 22 °C for eight days, stored in a water bath and heated at 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C for ten minutes. The highest wavelengths (455 nm) were observed from the UV/Vis results for fresh Mango juices, while 270 nm and 460 nm were observed for stored Mango juices. Furthermore, wavelengths of 320 nm were observed in heat-treated mango juice (40 °C). No absorption peaks were observed at 60 °C and 80 °C due to temperature effects. Absorption peaks of fresh fruit were observed at 330 nm and 390 nm, while 260 nm and 320 nm reflect stored orange juices absorptions peaks. From heat-treated stored (40 °C and 60 °C) samples, 320 nm and 260 nm absorption peaks were observed, respectively. Wavelength observed (454 nm, 540 nm & 700 nm) peaks represent the fresh mango juice spectra, while 460 nm and 700 nm are for stored Mango juices. The peaks observed in the region of 400–500 nm and at 700 nm represent heat-treated mango juices at 40 °C. Heat stored Mango juices (60 °C & 80 °C) have peaks at 700 nm. Peaks observed at 700 nm, 500 nm, and 455 nm reflect fresh orange juice, while 460–500 nm and 700 nm represent the emission spectra of the samples. The stored orange juice peaks at 460–500 nm and at 700 nm, but heated-stored orange juice peaks only at 700 nm. The pH values for orange and mango juices were 3.52–3.73 and 4.02–4.72, respectively.
Customizing the extracellular vesicles release and effect by strategizing surface functionalization of titanium
Authors: Antich-Rosselló Miquel , Forteza-Genestra Maria Antònia , Calvo Javier , Gayà Antoni , Monjo Marta , Ramis Joana Maria
Published: May 2022

Metallic material functionalization with Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is a desirable therapeutic approach to improve regenerative procedures. Among the different functionalization strategies available, here we have compared drop casting on machined Ti surfaces, drop casting on nanostructured TiO2 surfaces and polymeric entrapment with polydopamine. EVs are a heterogeneous population of communication nanovesicles released by cells that are being intensively investigated for their use in therapeutics. We have selected platelet derived EVs for Ti surface coating due to their demonstrated osteoinductive properties. Our results show that each functionalization strategy leads to differences in the size of EV populations attached to and released from the metallic implants, which, in turn, leads to variations in their osteogenic capability measured through alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. In conclusion, the functionalization strategy used has an important effect on the resulting implant functionality, probably due to the heterogeneous EVs nature. Thus, the methodological approach to metallic material functionalization should be carefully chosen when working with extracellular vesicles in order to obtain the desired therapeutic application.
Longitudinal MRI-visible perivascular space (PVS) changes with long-duration spaceflight
Authors: Hupfeld Kathleen E. , Richmond Sutton B. , McGregor Heather R. , Schwartz Daniel L. , Luther Madison N. , Beltran Nichole E. , Kofman Igor S. , De Dios Yiri E. , Riascos Roy F. , Wood Scott J. , Bloomberg Jacob J. , Mulavara Ajitkumar P. , Silbert Lisa C. , Iliff Jeffrey J. , Seidler Rachael D. , Piantino Juan
Published: May 2022

Humans are exposed to extreme environmental stressors during spaceflight and return with alterations in brain structure and shifts in intracranial fluids. To date, no studies have evaluated the effects of spaceflight on perivascular spaces (PVSs) within the brain, which are believed to facilitate fluid drainage and brain homeostasis. Here, we examined how the number and morphology of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible PVSs are affected by spaceflight, including prior spaceflight experience. Fifteen astronauts underwent sixT1-weighted 3 T MRI scans, twice prior to launch and four times following their return to Earth after ~ 6-month missions to the International Space Station. White matter MRI-visible PVS number and morphology were calculated using an established, automated segmentation algorithm. We validated our automated segmentation algorithm by comparing algorithm PVS counts with those identified by two trained raters in 50 randomly selected slices from this cohort; the automated algorithm performed similarly to visual ratings (r(48) = 0.77,p < 0.001). In addition, we found high reliability for four of five PVS metrics across the two pre-flight time points and across the four control time points (ICC(3,k) > 0.50). Among the astronaut cohort, we found that novice astronauts showed an increase in total PVS volume from pre- to post-flight, whereas experienced crewmembers did not (p = 0.020), suggesting that experienced astronauts may exhibit holdover effects from prior spaceflight(s). Greater pre-flight PVS load was associated with more prior flight experience (r = 0.60–0.71), though these relationships did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Pre- to post-flight changes in ventricular volume were not significantly associated with changes in PVS characteristics, and the presence of spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) was not associated with PVS number or morphology. Together, these findings demonstrate that PVSs can be consistently identified onT1-weighted MRI scans, and that spaceflight is associated with PVS changes. Specifically, prior spaceflight experience may be an important factor in determining PVS characteristics.
Cross-seeding between Aβ and SEVI indicates a pathogenic link and gender difference between alzheimer diseases and AIDS
Authors: Tang Yijing , Zhang Dong , Zhang Yanxian , Liu Yonglan , Miller Yifat , Gong Keven , Zheng Jie
Published: May 2022

Amyloid-β (Aβ) and semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) are considered as the two causative proteins for central pathogenic cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and HIV/AIDS, respectively. Separately, Aβ-AD and SEVI-HIV/AIDS systems have been studied extensively both in fundamental research and in clinical trials. Despite significant differences between Aβ-AD and SEVI-HIV/AIDS systems, they share some commonalities on amyloid and antimicrobial characteristics between Aβ and SEVI, there are apparent overlaps in dysfunctional neurological symptoms between AD and HIV/AIDS. Few studies have reported a potential pathological link between Aβ-AD and SEVI-HIV/AIDS at a protein level. Here, we demonstrate the cross-seeding interactions between Aβ and SEVI proteins using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Cross-seeding of SEVI with Aβ enabled to completely prevent Aβ aggregation at sub-stoichiometric concentrations, disaggregate preformed Aβ fibrils, reduce Aβ-induced cell toxicity, and attenuate Aβ-accumulated paralysis in transgenic AD C. elegans. This work describes a potential crosstalk between AD and HIV/AIDS via the cross-seeding between Aβ and SEVI, identifies SEVI as Aβ inhibitor for possible treatment or prevention of AD, and explains the role of SEVI in the gender difference in AD.
A whole-ecosystem experiment reveals flow-induced shifts in a stream community
Authors: Rosero-López Daniela , Todd Walter M. , Flecker Alexander S. , De Bièvre Bert , Osorio Rafael , González-Zeas Dunia , Cauvy-Fraunié Sophie , Dangles Olivier
Published: May 2022

The growing threat of abrupt and irreversible changes to the functioning of freshwater ecosystems compels robust measures of tipping point thresholds. To determine benthic cyanobacteria regime shifts in a potable water supply system in the tropical Andes, we conducted a whole ecosystem-scale experiment in which we systematically diverted 20 to 90% of streamflow and measured ecological responses. Benthic cyanobacteria greatly increased with a 60% flow reduction and this tipping point was related to water temperature and nitrate concentration increases, both known to boost algal productivity. We supplemented our experiment with a regional survey collecting > 1450 flow-benthic algal measurements at streams varying in water abstraction levels. We confirmed the tipping point flow value, albeit at a slightly lower threshold (40-50%). A global literature review broadly confirmed our results with a mean tipping point at 58% of flow reduction. Our study provides robust in situ demonstrations of regime shift thresholds in running waters with potentially strong implications for environmental flows management.
Pre-arranged building block approach for the orthogonal synthesis of an unfolded tetrameric organic–inorganic phosphazane macrocycle
Authors: Sim Ying , Leon Felix , Hum Gavin , Phang Si Jia Isabel , Ong How Chee , Ganguly Rakesh , Díaz Jesús , Clegg Jack K. , García Felipe
Published: May 2022

Inorganic macrocycles remain challenging synthetic targets due to the limited number of strategies reported for their syntheses. Among these species, large fully inorganic cyclodiphosphazane macrocycles have been experimentally and theoretically highlighted as promising candidates for supramolecular chemistry. In contrast, their hybrid organic–inorganic counterparts are lagging behind due to the lack of synthetic routes capable of controlling the size and topological arrangement (i.e., folded vs unfolded) of the target macrocycle, rendering the synthesis of differently sized macrocycles a tedious screening process. Herein, we report—as a proof-of-concept—the combination of pre-arranged building blocks and a two-step synthetic route to rationally enable access a large unfolded tetrameric macrocycle, which is not accessible via conventional synthetic strategies. The obtained macrocycle hybrid cyclodiphosphazane macrocycle, cis-[μ-P(μ-NtBu)]2(μ-p-OC6H4C(O)O)]4[μ-P(μ-NtBu)]2 (4), displays an unfolded open-face cavity area of 110.1 Å2. Preliminary theoretical host–guest studies with the dication [MeNC5H4]22+ suggest compound 4 as a viable candidate for the synthesis of hybrid proto-rotaxanes species based on phosphazane building blocks.
Environmental and health impacts of atmospheric CO2 removal by enhanced rock weathering depend on nations’ energy mix
Authors: Eufrasio Rafael M. , Kantzas Euripides P. , Edwards Neil R. , Holden Philip B. , Pollitt Hector , Mercure Jean-Francois , Koh S. C. Lenny , Beerling David J.
Published: May 2022

Enhanced Rock Weathering is a proposed Carbon Dioxide Removal technology involving the application of crushed silicate rocks, such as basalt, to agricultural soils with potential co-benefits for crops and soils, and mitigation of ocean acidification. Here we address the requirement of diverse stakeholders for informative studies quantifying possible environmental and health risks of Enhanced Rock Weathering. Using life-cycle assessment modelling of potential supply chain impacts for twelve nations undertaking Enhanced Rock Weathering deployment to deliver up to net 2 Gt CO2 yr−1 CDR, we find that rock grinding rather than mining exerts the dominant influence on environmental impacts. This finding holds under both a business-as-usual and clean energy mix scenario to 2050 but transitioning to undertaking Enhanced Rock Weathering in the future with low carbon energy systems improves the sustainability of the Enhanced Rock Weathering supply chain. We find that Enhanced Rock Weathering is competitive with other large-scale Carbon Dioxide Removal strategies in terms of energy and water demands.
Current-induced hole spin polarization in a quantum dot via a chiral quasi bound state
Authors: Mantsevich V. N. , Smirnov D. S.
Published: May 2022

We put forward a mechanism of current-induced spin polarization in semiconductor nanostructures that is based on the formation of chiral quasi bound states in a quantum dot side-coupled to a quantum wire, which allows for 100% spin polarization.
A hydrogel based on nanocellulose/polydopamine/gelatin used for the treatment of MRSA infected wounds with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antioxidant properties and tissue suitability
Authors: Ren Lili , He Guoyi , Zhou Yaxin , Dai Jie , Miao Wenjun , Ouyang Chengcheng , Liu Jia , Chen Guoguang
Published: May 2022

We prepared nanocellulose/polydopamine/gelatin hydrogel, which can significantly accelerate the healing of infected wounds by killing bacteria and reducing inflammation, and effectively avoid secondary damage caused by adhesion during dressing use.
Regulation of surface kinetics: rapid growth of n-AlGaN with high conductivity for deep-ultraviolet light emitters
Authors: Wang Jiaming , Xu Fujun , Lang Jing , Fang Xuzhou , Wang Liubing , Guo Xueqi , Ji Chen , Kang Xiangning , Qin Zhixin , Yang Xuelin , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo
Published: May 2022

Surface kinetics in Al-rich AlGaN growth are regulated to realize a growth window allowing a higher rate as well as a lower temperature. Hence a rate of 2.3 μm h−1 at 1050 °C is achieved for n-Al0.55Ga0.45N with the typical step-terrace morphology.
Crystal growth and structure of a high temperature polymorph of Sr2TiO4with tetrahedral Ti-coordination, and transition to the Ruddlesden–Popper tetragonal phase
Authors: Pulmannová Dorota , Besnard Céline , Bezdička Petr , Hadjimichael Marios , Teyssier Jéremie , Giannini Enrico
Published: May 2022

We have grown single crystals of a new polymorph of Sr2TiO4. It contains titanium in an unusual tetrahedral coordination and transforms to the Ruddlesden–Popper structure with an interesting orientational relationship.
Benchmark relativistic delta-coupled-cluster calculations of K-edge core-ionization energies of third-row elements
Authors: Zheng Xuechen , Zhang Chaoqun , Jin Zheqi , Southworth Stephen H. , Cheng Lan
Published: May 2022

A benchmark computational study of K-edge core-ionization energies of third-row elements using relativistic delta-coupled-cluster (ΔCC) methods and a revised core valence separation (CVS) scheme is reported.
Myricitrin – a flavonoid isolated from the Indian olive tree (Elaeocarpus floribundus) – inhibits Monoamine oxidase in the brain and elevates striatal dopamine levels: therapeutic implications against Parkinson's disease
Authors: Banerjee Chayan , Nandy Sumangal , Chakraborty Joy , Kumar Deepak
Published: May 2022

Myricitrin, a flavonoid isolated from the leaves of the Indian olive tree (Elaeocarpus floribundus), improves motor incoordination in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease by maintaining striatal dopamine levels through inhibition of MAO-B activity.
Simultaneous measurement of lithium isotope and lithium/beryllium ratios in FLiBe salts using MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Scott Sean R. , Carotti Francesco , Kruizenga Alan , Scarlat Raluca O. , Mastromarino Sara , Shafer Martin M.
Published: May 2022

FLiBe has favorable properties for use in molten salt nuclear reactors, and constraints on the thermochemical properties of the salt rely on accurate and precise analysis of the Li/Be ratio.
The advent of membrane-less zinc-anode aqueous batteries with lithium battery-like voltage
Authors: Yadav Gautam G. , Weiner Meir , Upreti Aditya , Huang Jinchao , Lambert Timothy N. , Arnot David J. , Schorr Noah B. , Bell Nelson S. , Turney Damon , Hawkins Brendan , Wei Xia , Lim Matthew , Banerjee Sanjoy
Published: May 2022

A 2.5 to 3.4 V Zn|MnO2 membrane-less solid-state battery accessing the 617 mA h g−1 theoretical capacity of MnO2 and its application in e-mobility is reported. This concept is made possible by a buffering layer that regulates the battery’s pH.
Synthesis and reactivity of the apically functionalized (pseudo)macrobicyclic iron(ii) tris-dioximates and their hybrid phthalocyaninatoclathrochelate derivatives comprising reactive and vector terminal groups
Authors: Chuprin Alexander S. , Dudkin Semyon V. , Belova Svetlana A. , Lebed Ekaterina G. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Voloshin Yan Z.
Published: May 2022

Iron(ii) phthalocyaninatoclathrochelates functionalized with terminal reactive formyl group were prepared. Their post-synthetic functionalization gave those with vector pharmacophoric fragment.
Electrocatalytic water oxidation performance in an extended porous organic framework with a covalent alliance of distinct Ru sites
Authors: Boro Bishal , Adak Mrinal K. , Biswas Sohag , Sarkar Chitra , Nailwal Yogendra , Shrotri Abhijit , Chakraborty Biswarup , Wong Bryan M. , Mondal John
Published: May 2022

We have designed an extended porous organic polymer with a covalent alliance of distinct Ru sites and investigated its electrocatalytic water oxidation performance.
An ultraweak mechanical stimuli actuated single electrode triboelectric nanogenerator with high energy conversion efficiency
Authors: Lv Yi , Bu Tianzhao , Zhou Han , Liu Guoxu , Chen Yunkang , Wang Zhaozheng , Fu Xianpeng , Lin Yuan , Cao Jie , Zhang Chi
Published: May 2022

In this work, an ultraweak mechanical stimuli actuated single electrode triboelectric nanogenerator was studied with an atomic force microscope. The maximum energy conversion efficiency is up to 73.6% with an input mechanical energy of 48 pJ.
Silver-catalyzed C-3 arylthiodifluoromethylation and aryloxydifluoromethylation of coumarins
Authors: Sun Jie , Li Ziwei , Huang Xiaoxiao , Ke Zhiwei , Chen Zhiwei
Published: May 2022

A facile silver-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of arylthiodifluoroacetic acids or aryloxydifluoroacetic acids with coumarins/quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones were developed.
Construction of carbazole-based unnatural amino acid scaffolds via Pd(ii)-catalyzed C(sp3)–H functionalization
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Banga Shefali , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda
Published: May 2022

Synthesis of racemic and enantiopure carbazole-based unnatural amino acid motifs was accomplished via diastereoselective Pd(ii)-catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H functionalization.
Accelerating hydrazine-assisted hydrogen production kinetics with Mn dopant modulated CoS2 nanowire arrays
Authors: Hou Junrong , Peng Xianyun , Sun Jiaqiang , Zhang Shusheng , Liu Qian , Wang Xinzhong , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: May 2022

The designed Mn-modified CoS2 catalyst exhibits outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic performances toward hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrazine oxidation reaction for high-efficiency energy-saving H2 production by water-assisted electrolysis.
Hydroxyl environments in zeolites probed by deuterium solid-state MAS NMR combined with IR spectroscopy
Authors: Dib Eddy , Clatworthy Edwin B. , Lakiss Louwanda , Ruaux Valérie , Mintova Svetlana
Published: May 2022

High-resolution deuterium solid-state MAS NMR combined with IR spectroscopy reveals the electric environments of different hydroxyls (silanols and Brønsted) in FAU type zeolites.
Thermal, structural and dynamic properties of ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals with a small ether-functionalised cation
Authors: Warrington Anna , Kang Colin S. M. , Forsyth Craig , Doherty Cara M. , Acharya Durga , O'Dell Luke A. , Sirigiri Nanditha , Boyle Joshua William , Hutt Oliver E. , Forsyth Maria , Pringle Jennifer M.
Published: May 2022

A series of new salts with a small ether-functionalised trimethylammonium cation are synthesised and characterised to probe their unique structure–property relationships.
Cutting edge of diphenyl phosphorazidate (DPPA) as a synthetic reagent – A fifty-year odyssey
Authors: Shioiri Takayuki , Ishihara Kotaro , Matsugi Masato
Published: May 2022

Recent developments of diphenyl phosphorazidate (DPPA, (C6H5O)2P(O)N3) has been reviewed.
Fabrication of gelatin Bi2S3 capsules as a highly sensitive X-ray contrast agent for gastrointestinal motility assessment in vivo
Authors: Wen Ya , Zhu Wang , Zhang Xuejun , Sun Shao-Kai
Published: May 2022

Bi2S3 capsules were developed as an X-ray contrast agent for gastrointestinal motility assessment based on X-ray, CT and spectral CT imaging in vivo. The X-ray attenuation ability of Bi2S3 makes it suitable for gastrointestinal motility evaluation.
Formation of calcium carbonate nanoparticles through the assembling effect of glucose and the influence on the properties of PDMS
Authors: Shang Dengkui , Zhou Nifan , Dai Zhengguan , Song Nengyu , Wang Zongrong , Du Piyi
Published: May 2022

In order to prepare calcium carbonate nanoparticles in a green and environmentally friendly way, the concept of bio-mineralization has been proposed.
Mechanistic insights into rare-earth-catalysed C–H alkylation of sulfides: sulfide facilitating alkene insertion and beyond
Authors: Zhou Yu , Wu Ping , Cao Fanshu , Shi Lei , Zhang Ni , Xue Zuqian , Luo Gen
Published: May 2022

The alkene insertion via the heteroatom-containing substrate facilitated mechanism were computationally revealed in rare-earth-catalyzed C–H alkylation of sulfides and other heteroatom-containing substrates such as pyridines and anisoles.
Insights into electrochemiluminescence dynamics by synchronizing real-time electrical, luminescence, and mass spectrometric measurements
Authors: Zhang Xuemeng , Lu Weifeng , Ma Cheng , Wang Tao , Zhu Jun-Jie , Zare Richard N. , Min Qianhao
Published: May 2022

A real-time electrochemiluminescence mass spectrometry platform (RT-Triplex) was developed for revealing ECL mechanisms by synchronization of dynamic electrical, luminescent, and mass spectrometric signals at the electrode–electrolyte interface.
Direct in situ spectroscopic evidence of the crucial role played by surface oxygen vacancies in the O2-sensing mechanism of SnO2
Authors: Kucharski Stefan , Ferrer Pilar , Venturini Federica , Held Georg , Walton Alex S. , Byrne Conor , Covington James A. , Ayyala Sai Kiran , Beale Andrew M. , Blackman Chris
Published: May 2022

NAP-XPS characterisation of SnO2 under operando conditions shows that resistance change, band bending and surface O-vacancy concentration are correlated with ambient O2 concentration, challenging current preconceptions of gas sensor function.
Multifunctional glass fibre filter modified with vertical graphene for one-step dynamic water filtration and disinfection
Authors: Cheng Shuting , Chen Mian , Wang Kun , Liu Qingqing , Cheng Yi , Dong Ruihua , Huang Kewen , Yuan Hao , Jiang Jun , Li Wenjuan , Li Junliang , Tu Ce , Liu Jian , Jiang Xingyu , Qi Yue , Liu Zhongfan
Published: May 2022

An electric field (EF)-assisted multifunctional one-step dynamic water filtration and disinfection system is developed based on a vertical graphene-modified glass fibre filter (EF-VG-GFF). The EF-VG-GFF purification system can achieve 99.99% disinfection.
Enhancing the vapor condensation efficiency of a solar water purifier by rapid heat dissipation to bottom bulk water
Authors: Lan Xiaoqi , Wan Penglei , Guo Yang , Xu Xinyu , Fan Liwu , Liu Weiping , Wang Juan
Published: May 2022

An all-passive water-cooling assisted vapor condensation device was developed for easy integration with an interfacial evaporator to form an efficient solar purifier device.
Stabilizing intermediate phases via the efficient confinement effects of the SnS2-SPAN fibre composite for ultra-stable half/full sodium/potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yiyi , Chen Xi , Chen Xiaochuan , Lin Chuyuan , Wang Hong-En , Xiong Peixun , Chen Qinghua , Qian Qingrong , Wei Mingdeng , Zeng Lingxing
Published: May 2022

The SnS2-SPAN-470-1 composite was fabricated as a high-performance anode material for SIBs/PIBs.
Self-supported Li3VO4/N doped C fibers for superb high-rate and long-life Li-ion storage
Authors: Li Daobo , Lu Junlin , Zhang Dongmei , Pei Cunyuan , Xiao Ting , Ma Huijian , Ni Shibing
Published: May 2022

Flexible and self-supported Li3VO4/N doped C electrode was firstly prepared via an improved electrospinning approach, showing outstanding high-rate performance and ultra-long lifespan.
Preparation of multicolor-emissive carbon dots with high quantum yields and their epoxy composites for fluorescence anti-counterfeiting and light-emitting devices
Authors: Zhang Susu , Yuan Li , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan
Published: May 2022

Stable multicolor-emissive carbon dots with high quantum yields and their epoxy composites with good tensile strength, transparency, and light-emitting property.
Direct ink writing of a graphene/CNT/silicone composite strain sensor with a near-zero temperature coefficient of resistance
Authors: Zhu Wei-Bin , Xue Shan-Shan , Zhang Hao , Wang You-Yong , Huang Pei , Tang Zhen-Hua , Li Yuan-Qing , Fu Shao-Yun
Published: May 2022

Using a facile direct ink writing technique, highly stretchable graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/carbon nanotube (CNT)/silicone elastomer (GCE) fiber-shaped strain sensors are successfully prepared with a near-zero temperature coefficient of resistance.
(BixSb1−x)2Se3 thin films for short wavelength infrared region solar cells
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Dror Yaniv , Edri Eran
Published: May 2022

Close-spaced sublimation-synthesized (BixSb1−x)2Se3 thin films for short wavelength infrared solar cells.
Exploring performance degradation of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Aqiang , Cheng Chunyan , Tian Jianjun
Published: May 2022

We constructed an in situ electrical and optical monitoring system to clarify the degradation of QLEDs. The result reveals that performance degradation originates from electrochemical reduction of the hole transport layer.
Constructing two-dimensional crossed molecular packing through branching chain engineering of amino-indenofluorene derivatives
Authors: Fan Zhi-Ping , Li Xiang-Yang , Sun Bing , Sun Chun-Lin , Shi Zi-Fa , Shao Xiang-Feng , Zhang Hao-Li
Published: May 2022

The crystalline structures of the amino-indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-dione derivatives can be precisely controlled to be either 1D lamellar or 2D crossed molecular packing motifs through tailoring the relative lengths of the branched side-chains.
Supporting Patient Autonomy in Shared Decision Making for Individuals With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Jovanovic Nedeljko , Doyle Philip C. , Theurer Julie A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Management of head and neck cancer (HNC) can result in substantial long-term, multifaceted disability, leading to significant deficits in one's functioning and quality of life (QoL). Consequently, treatment selection is a challenging component of care for patients with HNC. Clinical care guided by shared decision making (SDM) can help address these decisional challenges and allow for a more individualized approach to treatment. However, due in part to the dominance of biomedically oriented philosophies in clinical care, engaging in SDM that reflects the individual patient's needs may be difficult.

Conclusions:

In this clinical focus article, we propose that health care decisions made in the context of biopsychosocial-framed care—one that contrasts to decision making directed solely by the biomedical model—will promote patient autonomy and permit the subjective personal values, beliefs, and preferences of individuals to be considered and incorporated into treatment-related decisions. Consequently, clinical efforts that are directed toward biopsychosocial-framed SDM hold the potential to positively affect QoL and well-being for individuals with HNC.
Optimal design for the artificial‐noise‐aided IRS‐MIMO‐OFDM secure communications
Authors: Ren Jingya , Yuan Yanli , Huang Tiancong , Jiang Weiheng , Feng Wenjiang
Published: May 2022

This paper discusses an artificial noise‐aided intelligent reflecting surface‐MIMO–OFDM system physical layer secure communication, in which two cases for the intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficient models are considered separately, that is unit modulus constraint for the reflection coefficients and the more practical situation of amplitude phase‐shift dependence. Then the problem of joint optimisation for the precoding matrix, artificial noise covariance matrix and intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficient matrix to maximise the sum secrecy rate under the power constraint at the transmitter is formulated, and then an alternate optimisation‐based inexact block coordinate descent algorithm is proposed to tackle the formulated non‐convexity problem. For the problem with unit modulus constraint for the intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficients, closed‐form solutions of the optimisation variables are obtained by utilising the Lagrange multiplier method and the complex circular manifold method. For the problem with intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficient amplitude phase‐shift dependence, alternate optimisation‐based penalty method is used to obtain the intelligent reflecting surface optimal reflection matrix. Numerical results indicate that the algorithm for the intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficient unit modulus constraint achieves the maximum secrecy rate, and the algorithm for the intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficient of amplitude phase‐shift dependence has the sub‐optimal performance, and the benchmark schemes such as no intelligent reflecting surface and intelligent reflecting surface random phase shift strategies have the worst and similar performance.
Adaptive sliding‐mode‐assisted disturbance observer‐based decoupling control for inertially stabilized platforms with a spherical mechanism
Authors: Tian Dapeng , Wang Meiyu , Wang Fuchao , Xu Rui
Published: May 2022

An inertially stabilized platform (ISP) is a gimbal used to hold a camera. It is essential for isolating the attitude sway during an imaging process. To make the platform more compact, the implementation of an ISP with a spherical mechanism has been proposed. However, this design introduces complex non‐linear coupling characteristics, significantly increasing the complexity of control. This study aims to solve this problem and present an algorithm to achieve high‐performance inertial stabilization control. To achieve this, kinematic and dynamic models were established, and the proposed control algorithm was then designed in three parts. Gravity compensation control was set up in the internal loop to counter the influence of unbalanced gravity moment. An adaptive sliding‐mode‐assisted disturbance observer (ASMADO) was also included in the joint space to decouple the influence of complex non‐linear characteristics on the platform. Further, a feedback controller was added to the workspace based on the kinematic model. This design simplifies the control algorithm for novel ISPs with a spherical mechanism. It effectively compensates for the complex non‐linear characteristics and enables superior inertial stabilization control. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively decreases the motion isolation error for the line‐of‐sight of the camera compared to traditional control methods.
Double weighting convolutional neural net‐works for multi‐view 3D shape recognition
Authors: Qi Shaohua , Li Weijun , Yang Guowei
Published: May 2022

Three‐dimensional (3D) object recognition based on multiple views has been a popular area of research in recent years. Existing methods based on the grouping mechanism cannot sensibly group the views. Thus, the 3D shape descriptor that is generated by the final fusion is not representative, and the recognition accuracy still requires improvement. This study proposes a double‐weighting convolutional neural network method, based on the L2‐S grouping mechanism. The designed bidirectional long short‐term memory module can learn the relationship between the views in detail and improve the quality of the extracted features. Further, the proposed L2‐S grouping mechanism can use the L2 norm property to calculate the discrimination score of views and group views more reasonably. After reasonable grouping, weighted fusion operations are used within and between groups to fuse features to obtain group‐level descriptors that better represent each group of views. Finally, compact 3D shape descriptors generated by equally important group‐level descriptors for 3D object recognition. Results of the experiments show that our method can achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance. The source code is available at https://github.com/Qishaohua94/DWCNN.
Frequency‐domain multireceiver synthetic aperture sonar imagery with Chebyshev polynomials
Authors: Zhang Xuebo , Yang Peixuan , Sun Haixin
Published: May 2022

Based on Chebyshev polynomials, the two‐way slant range is first approximated by the fourth‐order polynomial approximation. With the series reversion method, the point target reference spectrum (PTRS) which is further used for the development of imaging algorithm in this letter is obtained. The presented method processes the echoed signal corresponding to each transmitter/receiver pair. And then a high‐resolution synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) image is obtained by coherently superposing all coarse‐resolution images. Comparing the peak sidelobe ratio (PSLR) and integration sidelobe ratio (ISLR), the performance of the presented method is superior to that of the traditional method. Simulations are further validated by the presented method.
Multiple modularity topology for smart transformers based on matrix converters
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Bento Alexandre , Paraíso Guilherme , Costa Pedro , Pinto Sónia Ferreira , Silva José Fernando , Wang Fei
Published: May 2022

A novel matrix converter‐based topology to be applied in smart transformers (STs) is proposed, based on the concept of multiple modularity. To replace the conventional ST topology obtained by H‐bridge modules including DC electrolytic capacitors, the proposed ST topology uses two kinds of matrix modules to provide flexibility in the AC–AC structures to build complex ST. Fewer power semiconductor devices are used in each module to reduce the costs. The AC–AC matrix converters and the high‐frequency transformers eliminate electrolytic capacitors, enhancing ST reliability and power density. The modulation method for the proposed ST structure needs suited carrier waves and switching processes. The half‐Venturini modulation method shows several switching sequences leading to voltage imbalances in the input film capacitor divider. Therefore, the paper investigates and analyses the influence of switching sequences on the capacitor voltages in detail. The results show that the different switching sequences will cause different currents flowing into capacitors, leading to different results in capacitor voltages. Based on the analysis, proper modulations are recommended for the proposed topology. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed topology as well as the correctness of the analysis on modulations, simulations and hardware‐in‐loop experiments are carried out. It is found that the modularity concept is feasible, and a suitable modulation sequence was developed to balance the input capacitors voltages.
Development of practical allocation method for reactive power reference for wind farms through inner‐voltage restriction
Authors: Yoo Yeuntae , Jung Seungmin , Song Sungyoon , Suh Jaewan , Lee Jaehyeong , Jang Gilsoo
Published: May 2022

This study considers the optimal reactive power dispatch strategy that minimizes electrical loss while working within the constraints of the internal layout voltage. Wind turbines (WTs) with a power converter system can promptly generate reactive power, and when a reactive power order arrives from the connected grid, an operator can assign a reactive power reference to each wind turbine. Recently, multiple objective functions in use have been based on centralized control, but their flexibility has been determined as inadequate for situations in which the voltage range of the wind turbine is also a factor. The designated constraints of the voltage fluctuation for each section have thus been considered by designing and applying an adaptive method. The main purpose of such a method is to use general dispatch optimization while maintaining the voltage of each connection point within operating range. The included case studies are designed using an electromagnetic transients program that checks both the voltage and loss of the entire wind farm. We tried to identify voltage violations and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method. This work thus attempts to confirm whether an objective function can be implemented while also adhering to a certain grid code.
Impact of implementing quality control systems in laboratories associated with teaching and research institutions − The case study of the laboratory for macromolecules and colloids in the petroleum industry
Authors: Vianna Erick Lorenzato Ferreira , de Figueiredo Vlademir Vitaliano , da Silva Carla Michele Frota , Bertolino Luiz Carlos , Spinelli Luciana
Published: May 2022

The competitiveness between institutions and companies generates the need to cheapen products and services and facilitate their production. Thus, several companies establish partnerships with specialized university laboratories in order to promote the optimization of their processes. These laboratories, in order to guarantee their reliability, often resort to the application of technical standards and the obtaining of international certifications. This paper aims to discuss the relevance of international certifications by research laboratories by report a case study from a laboratory of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The results of the implementation of the quality management system of Laboratory for Macromolecules and Colloids in the Petroleum Industry (LMCP) are presented, where excellent satisfaction results were obtained, as well as a very small number of failures, demonstrating that the system is effective, which generates more and more customers and carry out increasingly sophisticated research. As perspectives it is expected that the quality management system can increase the number of collaborations and high-quality service delivery between industry and the LMCP.
Energy Efficient Li-Ion Battery Based Electric Bicycle
Authors: Narkhede Ajay , Jagtap Aditya , Makne Sumit , Gadekar Santosh
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the energy efficient electric bicycle based on Li-ion dry type battery. Since last 50 years the fossil fuels reserves are continuously decreasing. So, it becomes very necessary to find out the solution to use alternate energy resources in reliable and efficient way. The increase demand for IC engine-based vehicles creates the pollution problems in many cities of India as well as in world. Hybrid electric vehicle is a best alternative to overcome the problem of air pollution and noise pollution. The PMDC Motor is used to drive the electric bicycle. The PMDC Motor eliminates the extra converter required if the motor used is of DC type. LI-ion battery is used for delivering high power storage capacity. A 24V controller is used for controlling inputs and outputs. It consists of one switch which on/off all system over battery. It is hybrid type bicycle which can operate on battery and pedalling. The hybrid nature of the bicycle makes it more energy efficient and eco-friendly.
Smart Bus Tracking For Blind And Visually Impaired
Authors: Redij Saloni , Rao Ashwati , Kumar Sagar Anil , Jadhav Ashish
Published: May 2022

Visually impaired and blind people (VIBP) face great difficulty finding public transport and bus stops due to their visual impairments. Over the past decade, several support systems have been prototyped and developed to address this problem. However, most of these are wearable prototypes that turn out to be grueling for them. In this project, we propose an AI-powered real-time bus navigation system that provides information about buses arriving at bus stops. The buses will be tracked using the GPS of the mobile phone installed with the driver-side application. The application will take audio input for the source and destination for the journey and provide the available buses from the nearest location of the user on that route as audio output. It will provide the ETA and location of the target bus. This app will coordinate with the driver’s app and live notifications will be given to the driver for any visually impaired passenger.
Performance Evaluation of routing protocols with and without malicious nodes
Authors: Mendadkar Snehal , Talwai Poornima
Published: May 2022

Vehicular adhoc networks (VANETs) are made by applying the standards of mobile adhoc networks (MANETs)-the unconstrained making of a remote network of cell phones to the area of vehicles. VANETs were first referenced and presented in 2001 under ”vehicle to-vehicle specially appointed versatile correspondence and systems administration” applications, where networks can be shaped and data can be handed-off among vehicles. It was shown that vehicle-to- vehicle and vehicle-to-road side exchange designs will exist together in VANETs to give street security, route, and other side of the road administrations. VANETs are a vital piece of the intelligent transportation frameworks (ITS) system. At times, VANETs are known as Intelligent Transport Networks. They are perceived as having advanced into a more extensive “Web of vehicles”. Which itself is relied upon to eventually advance into a “Web of self-sufficient vehicles”. The vehicles send some data about street status and traffic. But sometimes the information send from one vehicle to another can be malicious. This malicious information is added by the intruders to cause problem in vehicular network so that accident can occur. In this report, we will analyse the throughput, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay in sending information from vehicle to vehicle when the network is attacked by some malicious nodes.