bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Nanosystem Capable of Releasing a Photosensitizer Bioprecursor under Two‐Photon Irradiation for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wu Hao , Zeng Fang , Zhang Hang , Xu Jiangsheng , Qiu Jianrong , Wu Shuizhu
Published: November 2015

The applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT) are usually limited by photosensitizers' side effects and singlet oxygen's short half‐life. Herein, a mitochondria‐targeted nanosystem is demonstrated to enhance the PDT efficacy by releasing a bio‐precursor of photosensitizer under two‐photon irradiation. A phototriggerable coumarin derivative is first synthesized by linking 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA, the bio‐precursor) to coumarin; and the nanosystem (CD‐ALA‐TPP) is then fabricated by covalently incorporating this coumarin derivative and a mitochondria‐targeting compound triphenylphosphonium (TPP) onto carbon dots (CDs). Upon cellular internalization, the nanosystem preferentially accumulates in mitochondria; and under one‐ or two‐photon irradiation, it releases 5‐ALA molecules that are then metabolized into protoporphyrin IX in mitochondria through a series of biosynthesis processes. The subsequent red light irradiation induces this endogenously synthesized photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen, thereby causing oxidant damage to mitochondria and then the apoptosis of the cells. Analysis via 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays indicate that the novel PDT system exhibits enhanced cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. This study may offer a new strategy for designing PDT systems with high efficacy and low side effects.
Aqueous PUA emulsion prepared by dispersing polyurethane prepolymer in polyacrylate emulsion
Authors: Yuan Caideng , Wang Jingpeng , Cui Mingtong , Peng Yan
Published: November 2015

Waterborne polyurethane/polyacrylate (PUA) emulsions were prepared by dispersing polyurethane (PU) prepolymer in polyacrylate (PA) emulsion; therefore, the PU particles formed in the presence of PA nanoparticles. The particle size and its distribution of the composite PUA emulsion were determined by dynamic light scattering. The result shows that the average particle size increases initially and then decreases with increasing PA content, which is confirmed by transmission electron microscope characterization. The surface properties of PUA films were analyzed by water contact angle and atomic force microscope topography. It indicates that the water contact angle and the average roughness of the composite PUA films are larger than those of the PU film. Meanwhile, mechanical properties test, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses disclose that the PUA films are characterized by enhanced tensile strength, rough fractured surface, and good thermal stability. The preparation method proposed in this article is an effective and convenient way to manufacture composite PUA emulsion. The composite PUA emulsion can be potentially used in coatings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43203.
Activation‐Induced Killer Cell Immunoglobulin‐like Receptor 3DL2 Binding to HLA–B27 Licenses Pathogenic T Cell Differentiation in Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Ridley Anna , Hatano Hiroko , Wong‐Baeza Isabel , Shaw Jacqueline , Matthews Katherine K. , Al‐Mossawi Hussein , Ladell Kristin , Price David A. , Bowness Paul , Kollnberger Simon
Published: November 2015

Objective

In the spondyloarthritides (SpA), increased numbers of CD4+ T cells express killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor 3DL2 (KIR‐3DL2). The aim of this study was to determine the factors that induce KIR‐3DL2 expression, and to characterize the relationship between HLA–B27 and the phenotype and function of KIR‐3DL2–expressing CD4+ T cells in SpA.

Methods

In total, 34 B27+ patients with SpA, 28 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (20 B27− and 8 B27+), and 9 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied. KIR-3DL2 expression and other phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood and synovial fluid CD4+ T cells were studied by flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. T cell receptor clonality was determined by template‐switch anchored reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis. Cytokines were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Cellular activation induced KIR‐3DL2 expression on both naive and effector CD4+ T cells. KIR‐3DL2 binding to B27+ cells promoted expression of KIR‐3DL2, the Th17‐specific transcription factor retinoic acid receptor–related orphan nuclear receptor γt, and the antiapoptotic factor B cell lymphoma 2. KIR‐3DL2+CD4+ T cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis were oligoclonal and enriched for markers of T cell activation and for the gut homing receptor CCR9. In the presence of B27+ antigen‐presenting cells, KIR‐3DL2+CD4+ T cells produced less interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) but more IL‐17. This effect was blocked by HC10, an antibody that inhibits the binding of KIR‐3DL2 to B27 heavy chains.

Conclusion

KIR‐3DL2 binding to HLA–B27 licenses Th17 cell differentiation in SpA. These findings raise the therapeutic potential of targeting HLA–B27–KIR‐3DL2 interactions for the treatment of B27+ patients with SpA.
Bilateral ductal stenting in a neonate with right isolated pulmonary artery of ductal origin and differential pulmonary vascular resistances
Authors: Miranda Carlos D. , Kenny Damien
Published: November 2015

We report our experience with stenting a right ductus arteriosus in a neonate with ductal origin of the right pulmonary artery (PA), who subsequently developed severe pulmonary hypertension in the left PA requiring decompression of the right ventricle with stenting of the left ductus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Manually and automatically produced pellet cultures of human primary chondrocytes: A comparative analysis
Authors: Lehmann Ricarda , Gallert Carolin , Roddelkopf Thomas , Junginger Steffen , Jonitz‐Heincke Anika , Wree Andreas , Thurow Kerstin
Published: November 2015

Cartilage defects are often associated with restriction of the locomotor system. New methods are required to investigate cartilage tissue and for the repair of cartilage tissue. 3D cultures are promising due to better simulation of in vivo conditions. The aim of this study was to provide a model system for studying cartilage tissue. We solved this problem by automated production of pellet cultures of human primary chondrocytes in media with and without antibiotics using the Biomek® Cell Workstation and consequent automated bioscreening with a high‐throughput screening system, and compared with the regular manual processes. The Biomek® Cell Workstation allows the cultivation of different cell types (suspensions cells and adherent cells) and 3D cell cultures (pellet cultures, alginate beads and spheroid cultures). The proliferation was analyzed by DNA quantification and compared with the EZ4U proliferation assay as a new tool for pellet cultures. The toxicity was evaluated by the detection of ubiquitous adenylate kinases. The proliferation increased from day 14 until day 35 and was associated with a decrease in the cytotoxicity. The comparative analysis showed similar results for manual and automated processes. We concluded that the manual methods can be replaced by automated processes (pellet manufacturing and screening), which would allow large‐scale procedures to support studies on cartilage regeneration.
Spatial Distribution of Elemental Enrichments around Archaeological Sites: Insights from the Ancient City of Sagalassos in Southwest Turkey
Authors: Dirix K. , Muchez P. , Degryse P. , Poblome J.
Published: November 2015

Ancient human activities have resulted in important elemental enrichments in soils at archaeological sites. Nevertheless, the spatial extent of such elemental enrichment signals is rarely studied. Our research addresses this theme by studying the characteristics and extent of the geochemical enrichment halo around the monumental Colonnaded Street of the Hellenistic to Byzantine city of Sagalassos in southwest Turkey. Given the complex geology of the area, a strategy applying multivariate statistical data analysis techniques is proposed to identify whether the enrichments have a geological or an anthropogenic source. In addition, we evaluate how a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic processes may influence the distribution of elements around the site. In this paper, it is shown that enrichments of P and Pb are present up to a distance of 450 m and 150 m away from the city, respectively. Hence, we conclude that the extent of chemical enrichment haloes around archaeological sites may be element specific.
LISP controller: a centralized LISP management system for ISP networks
Authors: Jeong Taeyeol , Li Jian , Hyun Jonghwan , Yoo Jae‐Hyoung , Hong James Won‐Ki
Published: November 2015

As the current Internet architecture is suffering from scalability issues, the network research community has proposed alternative designs for the Internet architecture. Among those solutions that adopt the idea of locator/identifier split paradigm, the locator/identifier separation protocol (LISP) has been considered as the most promising solution because of its incrementally deployable feature. Despite various advantages provided by LISP, many ISPs are still conservative to adopt LISP into their production network because the standard LISP does not fully satisfy ISP's requirements on LISP‐enabled services. In this paper, we define ISP's requirements on LISP‐enabled commercial services and describe limitations of the standard LISP from an ISP's perspective. Also, we propose LISP controller, a centralized LISP management system. By using LISP controller, we evaluate three ISP's representative LISP use cases: traffic engineering, virtual machine live migration, and vertical handover. The results show that the proposed LISP controller provides centralized management, controllability, and fast map entry update, without any modifications on the standard LISP. LISP controller allows an ISP to control and manage its LISP‐enabled services while satisfying ISP's requirements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small Atomic Orbital Basis Set First‐Principles Quantum Chemical Methods for Large Molecular and Periodic Systems: A Critical Analysis of Error Sources
Authors: Sure Rebecca , Brandenburg Jan Gerit , Grimme Stefan
Published: November 2015

In quantum chemical computations the combination of Hartree–Fock or a density functional theory (DFT) approximation with relatively small atomic orbital basis sets of double‐zeta quality is still widely used, for example, in the popular B3LYP/6‐31G* approach. In this Review, we critically analyze the two main sources of error in such computations, that is, the basis set superposition error on the one hand and the missing London dispersion interactions on the other. We review various strategies to correct those errors and present exemplary calculations on mainly noncovalently bound systems of widely varying size. Energies and geometries of small dimers, large supramolecular complexes, and molecular crystals are covered. We conclude that it is not justified to rely on fortunate error compensation, as the main inconsistencies can be cured by modern correction schemes which clearly outperform the plain mean‐field methods.
Set‐theoretic analysis of the isolated ramp metering problem
Authors: Luspay T. , Kulcsár B. , Péni T.
Published: November 2015

Analysis of ramp metering, as an effective freeway traffic control solution, is focused in the paper. The studied traffic control problem is discussed in a set‐theoretic context in order to quantitatively characterize its effectivenes. The notions of maximal robust controlled invariant set, as well as t‐step robust controllable set are defined and used for analyzing the ramp metering problem independently of the control policy applied. Algorithms are developed to compute these sets, with special attention to their practical interpretations. Numerical examples with graphical representation of the proposed methodology are given to examine local ramp metering and conclude implications to control strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Οὐκ ἂν δυναίμην: A Euripidean Novelty
Authors: Papachrysostomou Athina
Published: November 2015

This article studies a Euripidean innovation: the introduction into tragic language and the subsequent (selective) usage of the expression oὐκ ἂν δυναίμην by Euripides. This negative potential optative appears sixteen times within the surviving Euripidean corpus, as a stereotypical syntactic structure that is intertwined with dramatic content and meaning. But, surprisingly, this expression is absent from Aeschylus, Sophocles, and all other tragedians. Through close reading of the sixteen Euripidean cases, the article traces and defines the conspicuous context of this expression: oὐκ ἂν δυναίμην is uttered by high-status individuals (for example, members of a royal family), when they envisage the impossible/unattainable in present and future within an intensely emotional atmosphere (ranging from hatred and loathing to agonising grief and despair), during pivotal moments of the play. Metrical convenience is also served, as the expression covers the first five elements of the iambic trimeter.
The Impacts and Implications of CERCLA on the Soil Environmental Conservation Act of the Republic of Korea
Authors: Yoon Yonghee
Published: November 2015

This article explores the development and enforcement of the Republic of Korea’s Soil Environmental Conservation Act (SECA). It argues that, although Korea has adopted the statutory model of the United States (US) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and US case law, it has formulated SECA to devise a Korean model of an effective and reasonable liability scheme based on the Korean regulatory context. The original SECA, especially its retroactive liability provision, was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Korea, because it violated ‘the principle of legitimate expectations protection’. Since then, SECA has been amended to include more diverse categories of polluter and to provide more adequate defences. The development process of this Korean model can be instructive for less developed countries that urgently need to address soil pollution but are not yet equipped with the necessary environmental statutes and regulatory infrastructure and, thus, are vulnerable to environmental risks.
VLUIS, a land use data product for Victoria, Australia, covering 2006 to 2013
Authors: Morse-McNabb Elizabeth , Sheffield Kathryn , Clark Rob , Lewis Hayden , Robson Susan , Cherry Don , Williams Steve
Published: November 2015

Land Use Information is a key dataset required to enable an understanding of the changing nature of our landscapes and the associated influences on natural resources and regional communities. The Victorian Land Use Information System (VLUIS) data product has been created within the State Government of Victoria to support land use assessments. The project began in 2007 using stakeholder engagement to establish product requirements such as format, classification, frequency and spatial resolution. Its genesis is significantly different to traditional methods, incorporating data from a range of jurisdictions to develop land use information designed for regular on-going creation and consistency. Covering the entire landmass of Victoria, the dataset separately describes land tenure, land use and land cover. These variables are co-registered to a common spatial base (cadastral parcels) across the state for the period 2006 to 2013; biennially for land tenure and land use, and annually for land cover. Data is produced as a spatial GIS feature class.
Female genetic distribution bias in mitochondrial genome observed in Parkinson’s Disease patients in northern China
Authors: Chu Qiaohong , Luo Xiaoguang , Zhan Xiaoni , Ren Yan , Pang Hao
Published: November 2015

Genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been described in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). To explore the potential contribution of mtDNA mutations to the risk of PD in a Chinese population, we examined the linkage relationship between several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in mtDNA and PD. We genotyped 5 SNPs located on coding genes using PCR-RFLP analysis. A specific allele 10398G demonstrated an increased risk of PD (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.95–1.76; P = 0.013). After stratification by gender, the increased risk appeared to be more significant in females (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.16–3.16; P = 0.001). But the significance only appeared in females under Bonferroni correction. No significant differences were detected for other SNPs (T4336C, G5460A, G9055A and G13708A). Individual haplotype composed of 4336T-5460G-9055G-10398A-13708G was found to be associated with protective effect regarding PD (P = 0.0025). The haplotypes 4336T-5460G-9055G-10398G-13708G and 4336T-5460G-9055G-10398A-13708G were more significantly associated in females (P = 0.0036 for risk and P = 0.0006 for protective effects). These data suggest that the A10398G and two haplotypes coupled with 10398A or 10398G are closely associated with susceptibility to PD in a northern Chinese population. This association demonstrated a female genetic distribution bias.
Electromagnetic field redistribution induced selective plasmon driven surface catalysis in metal nanowire-film systems
Authors: Pan Liang , Huang Yingzhou , Yang Yanna , Xiong Wen , Chen Guo , Su Xun , Wei Hua , Wang Shuxia , Wen Weijia
Published: November 2015

For the novel interpretation of Raman spectrum from molecule at metal surface, the plasmon driven surface catalysis (PDSC) reactions have become an interesting topic in the research field of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this work, the selective PDSC reactions of p,p’-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) produced from para-aminothiophenol (PATP) or 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4NBT) were demonstrated in the Ag nanowires dimer-Au film systems. The different SERS spectra collected at individual part and adjacent part of the same nanowire-film system pointed out the importance of the electromagnetic field redistribution induced by image charge on film in this selective surface catalysis, which was confirmed by the simulated electromagnetic simulated electro- magnetic field distributions. Our result indicated this electromagnetic field redistribution induced selective surface catalysis was largely affected by the polarization and wavelength of incident light but slightly by the difference in diameters between two nanowires. Our work provides a further understanding of PDSC reaction in metal nanostructure and could be a deep support for the researches on surface catalysis and surface analysis.
Size confinement of Si nanocrystals in multinanolayer structures
Authors: Limpens Rens , Lesage Arnon , Fujii Minoru , Gregorkiewicz Tom
Published: November 2015

Si nanocrystals (NCs) are often prepared by thermal annealing of multiple stacks of alternating sub-stoichiometric SiOx and SiO2 nanolayers. It is frequently claimed that in these structures, the NC diameter can be predefined by the thickness of the SiOx layer, while the NC concentration is independently controlled by the stoichiometry parameter x. However, several detailed structural investigations report that the NC size confinement to within the thickness of the SiOx layer is not strictly obeyed. In this study we address these contradicting findings: based on cross-correlation between structural and optical characterization of NCs grown in a series of purposefully prepared samples of different stoichiometry and layer thickness, we develop a comprehensive understanding of NC formation by Si precipitation in multinanolayer structures. We argue that the narrow NC size distribution generally observed in these materials appears due to reduction of the Si diffusion range, imposed by the SiO2 spacer layer. Therefore, both the SiOx layer thickness and composition as well as the actual thickness of the SiO2 spacer play an essential role in the NC formation.
Gel electrophoretic and liquid chromatographic methods for the identification and authentication of cave and house edible bird's nests from common adulterants
Authors: Hun Lee Ting , Wani Waseem A. , Poh Heng Yong , Baig Umair , Ti Tjih Eddie Tan , Nashiruddin Noor Idayu , Ling Yong Ee , Aziz Ramlan Abdul
Published: November 2015

The increasing demand for edible bird's nest (EBN) have remarkably increased its price.
Site-specific synthesis of a hybrid boron–graphene salt
Authors: Kahlert Jan U. , Austin Christopher J. D. , Hall Andrew J. , Rawal Aditya , Hook James M. , Rendina Louis M. , Choucair Mohammad
Published: November 2015

Deboronation of 1,2-closo-[C2B10H11] bound at oxidized-carbon sites, to give 7,8-nido-[C2B9H11]− carborane clusters covalently- and electronically-bound to the graphene lattice.
Nanoscale patterning of self-assembled monolayers using DNA nanostructure templates
Authors: Surwade S. P. , Zhou F. , Li Z. , Powell A. , O'Donnell C. , Liu H.
Published: November 2015

We describe a method to pattern arbitrary-shaped silane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with nm scale resolution using DNA nanostructures as templates.
Aluminum oxide mediated C–F bond activation in trifluoromethylated arenes
Authors: Papaianina O. , Amsharov K. Yu.
Published: November 2015

Thermally activated γ-aluminium oxide was found to be very effective for C–F bond activation in trifluoromethylated arenes.
Graphene oxide as a metal-free catalyst for oxidation of primary amines to nitriles by hypochlorite
Authors: Primo Ana , Puche Marta , Pavel Octavian D. , Cojocaru Bogdan , Tirsoaga Alina , Parvulescu Vasile , García Hermenegildo
Published: November 2015

Graphene oxide catalyzes NaClO oxidation of primary benzyl and aliphatic amines to a product distribution comprising nitriles and imines.
Solvent-shared pairs of densely charged ions induce intense but short-range supra-additive slowdown of water rotation
Authors: Vila Verde Ana , Santer Mark , Lipowsky Reinhard
Published: November 2015

Magnesium and sulfate ions in solvent-shared (SIP) ion pair configuration supra-additively slowdown the rotation of water molecules between them; water molecules around solvent-separated (2SIP) ion pairs show only additive slowdown.
Micro- and nano-tubules built from loosely and tightly rolled up thin sheets
Authors: Losensky Luisa , Goldenbogen Björn , Holland Gudrun , Laue Michael , Petran Anca , Liebscher Jürgen , Scheidt Holger A. , Vogel Alexander , Huster Daniel , Klipp Edda , Arbuzova Anna
Published: November 2015

Cryo-SEM and AFM revealed loosely rolled micro-tubules and densely rolled nano-tubules built from cholesterylaminouridine and phosphatidylcholines.
Two-dimensional coordination polymers and metal–organic gels of symmetrical and unsymmetrical dipyridyl β-diketones: luminescence, dye absorption and mechanical properties
Authors: Banerjee Kaustuv , Biradha Kumar
Published: November 2015

The ligands containing chelating as well as exodentate functional groups were shown to form functional coordination polymers and heterometallic gels.
Combined, independent small molecule release and shape memory via nanogel-coated thiourethane polymer networks
Authors: Dailing Eric A. , Nair Devatha P. , Setterberg Whitney K. , Kyburz Kyle A. , Yang Chun , D'Ovidio Tyler , Anseth Kristi S. , Stansbury Jeffrey W.
Published: November 2015

Drug releasing shape memory polymers (SMPs) were prepared from poly(thiourethane) networks that were coated with drug loaded nanogels through a UV initiated, surface mediated crosslinking reaction.
A reduction-responsive polypeptide nanogel encapsulating NIR photosensitizer for imaging guided photodynamic therapy
Authors: Jing Titao , Fu Liyi , Liu Le , Yan Lifeng
Published: November 2015

Internalization of the core-crosslinked nanogel containing a NIR photosensitizer followed by reduction-induced release for both imaging and PDT.
Quantification of residual liquid on repellent cotton fabrics after liquid roll off
Authors: Grozea Claudia M. , Rabnawaz Muhammad , Liu Guojun
Published: November 2015

A new method to detect and quantify any residual liquid left on coated cotton fabrics after liquid roll off using fluorescence microscopy.
Overcoming antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms using glycopeptide dendrimers
Authors: Michaud Gaëlle , Visini Ricardo , Bergmann Myriam , Salerno Gianluca , Bosco Rosa , Gillon Emilie , Richichi Barbara , Nativi Cristina , Imberty Anne , Stocker Achim , Darbre Tamis , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: November 2015

Glycopeptide dendrimers targeting P. aeruginosa lectins yielded to crystallography and acted in synergy with tobramycin for biofilm inhibition and dispersal.
Correction: Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of two-dimensional benzodithiophene–thiophene copolymers with pendent rational naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole side chains
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Feng Kui , Li Kai , Peng Qiang
Published: November 2015

Correction for ‘Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of two-dimensional benzodithiophene–thiophene copolymers with pendent rational naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole side chains’ by Xiaopeng Xu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 23149–23161.
Testicular and epididymal toxicity induced by benzo(a)pyrene, alcohol, and their combination in Wistar rats
Authors: Reddy K. Pratap , Reddy P. Sreenivasula
Published: November 2015

Alcoholism and cigarette smoking are pervasive problems that have been implicated in human health.
Design of joint active and reactive power reserve market: a multi‐objective approach using NSGA II
Authors: Ahmadi Hamed , Akbari Foroud Asghar
Published: November 2015

A joint active and reactive power reserve market is presented in this study. Reactive and active powers are closely related through some issues such as load flow equations, network line current limitations and synchronous generator capability curve. The proposed solution deals with simultaneously determining of optimal capacities of active and reactive power reserve after administration and settlement of active and reactive power markets separately. Three following objectives would be met in the proposed joint market while satisfying constraints of network and producing units in all contingencies: i Minimising cost of required simultaneous active and reactive power at each contingency. ii Minimising unsupplied energy due to lack of active power at each contingency. iii Minimising unsupplied energy due to insufficiency of reactive power. IEEE 24 bus RTS system is used for evaluation of the proposed market and results have been compared with those from traditional separate active power reserve markets.
Landau damping of Langmuir twisted waves with kappa distributed electrons
Authors: Arshad Kashif , Aman-ur-Rehman  , Mahmood Shahzad
Published: November 2015

The kinetic theory of Landau damping of Langmuir twisted modes is investigated in the presence of orbital angular momentum of the helical (twisted) electric field in plasmas with kappa distributed electrons. The perturbed distribution function and helical electric field are considered to be decomposed by Laguerre-Gaussian mode function defined in cylindrical geometry. The Vlasov-Poisson equation is obtained and solved analytically to obtain the weak damping rates of the Langmuir twisted waves in a nonthermal plasma. The strong damping effects of the Langmuir twisted waves at wavelengths approaching Debye length are also obtained by using an exact numerical method and are illustrated graphically. The damping rates of the planar Langmuir waves are found to be larger than the twisted Langmuir waves in plasmas which shows opposite behavior as depicted in Fig. 3 by J. T. Mendoça [Phys. Plasmas 19, 112113 (2012)].
Refractive indices of Gd3Ga5O12 single crystals under shock compression to 100–290 GPa
Authors: Huang J. W. , Liu Q. C. , Zeng X. L. , Zhou X. M. , Luo S. N.
Published: November 2015

Refractive indices of [111] Gd3Ga5O12 single crystals under shock compression are investigated with planar impact and high-speed laser velocimetry, in the pressure range of 100–290 GPa. The refractive index, n, at 1550 nm is obtained as a function of shock pressure or density (ρ). n increases as pressure increases from 106 GPa to 201 GPa, and then drops sharply as a result of shock-induced melting; the n−ρ relation is linear for the high pressure solid phase. We also establish the true particle velocity–apparent velocity relation for velocity correction.
Traveling wave solutions of compressible fluid equations and orbital stability
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Weiguo , Li Zhengming
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we discuss the existence of traveling wave solutions for compressible fluid equations by applying the theory and method of planar dynamical system, and obtain explicit expressions for all bounded traveling wave solutions by undetermined coefficient method, including kink and bell profile traveling wave solutions, as well as periodic wave solutions. We prove the kink profile solitary wave solution, both sides of which asymptotic values are not zero, is orbitally stable by the theory of Grillakis-Shatah-Strauss orbital stability.
Electrical and thermal transport properties of Y bxCo4Sb12 filled skutterudites with ultrahigh carrier concentrations
Authors: Li Yulong , Qiu Pengfei , Xiong Zhen , Chen Jikun , Nunna Raghavendra , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong
Published: November 2015

For filled skutterudites, element Yb is one of the most common and important fillers. However, the optimal carrier concentration range in Y bxCo4Sb12 filled skutterudites has not been determined as a result of the low Yb filling fraction limit. In this study, a non-equilibrium fabrication process (MS-SPS process), consisting of a melt-spinning method and a spark plasma sintering technique, has been applied to prepare Y bxCo4Sb12 samples. The Yb filling fraction is successfully extended to 0.35, which provides the possibility to clarify the optimal carrier concentration range for Yb-filled skutterudites. High carrier concentrations, with a maximum of around 1 × 1021 cm−3, were achieved in the MS-SPS Y bxCo4Sb12 samples due to the significantly enhanced Yb filling fractions. The phase compositions, lattice parameters, electrical and thermal transport properties of the MS-SPS Y bxCo4Sb12 samples with high carrier concentrations were systematically investigated. An optimal carrier concentration range of around 5 ∼ 6 × 1020 cm−3, corresponding to the actual Yb filling fraction of around 0.21∼0.26, has been determined, which displays the highest thermoelectric performance in Y bxCo4Sb12 thermoelectric materials.
PSD-95 family MAGUKs are essential for anchoring AMPA and NMDA receptor complexes at the postsynaptic density
Authors: Chen Xiaobing , Levy Jonathan M. , Hou Austin , Winters Christine , Azzam Rita , Sousa Alioscka A. , Leapman Richard D. , Nicoll Roger A. , Reese Thomas S.
Published: November 2015

Significance

The postsynaptic density (PSD) at the glutamatergic excitatory synapse is a macromolecular machine that underlies synaptic transmission and information storage. Membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs), the major scaffolding proteins at the PSD, are positively correlated with synaptic maturation and strength, but how MAGUKs sustain the strength of synaptic transmission remains unclear. Here, we remove three MAGUK proteins from neurons and find significant reductions in synaptic transmission by AMPARs and NMDARs with a concomitant reduction in PSD sizes and core scaffold and transmembrane structures. Our results show how MAGUKs anchor and organize both types of glutamate receptors, thereby regulating the strength of excitatory synapses.
Multiple ergodic theorems for arithmetic sets
Authors: Frantzikinakis Nikos , Host Bernard
Published: November 2015

We establish results with an arithmetic flavor that generalize the polynomial multidimensional Szemerédi theorem and related multiple recurrence and convergence results in ergodic theory. For instance, we show that in all these statements we can restrict the implicit parameter

n
n

to those integers that have an even number of distinct prime factors or satisfy any other congruence condition. In order to obtain these refinements we study the limiting behavior of some closely related multiple ergodic averages with weights given by appropriately chosen multiplicative functions. These averages are then analyzed using a recent structural result for bounded multiplicative functions proved by the authors.
Measuring the Impact of Longitudinal Faculty Development: A Study of Academic Achievement
Authors: Newman Lori R. , Pelletier Stephen R. , Lown Beth A.
Published: November 2015

Purpose

Although faculty development programs in medical education have increased over the past two decades, there is a lack of rigorous program evaluation. The aim of this study was to determine quantifiable outcomes of Harvard Medical School’s (HMS’s) Fellowship in Medical Education and evaluate attainment of its goals.

Method

In 2005 and 2009 the authors collected curricula vitae (CVs) and conducted within-subject analysis of 42 fellowship graduates and also conducted comparison analysis between 12 academic year 2005 fellows and 12 faculty who did not participate in the program. The authors identified 10 metrics of academic advancement. CV analysis for the 42 graduates started 2 years prior to fellowship enrollment and continued for 2-year intervals until June 2009 (10 years of data collection). CV analysis for the comparison group was from 2003 to 2009. The authors also analyzed association between gender and academic outcomes.

Results

Fellowship graduates demonstrated significant changes in 4 of 10 academic metrics by the end of the fellowship year: academic promotion, educational leadership, education committees, and education funding. Two metrics—educational leadership and committees—showed increased outcomes two years post fellowship, with a positive trend for promotions. Fellowship graduates significantly outpaced the comparison group in 6 of 10 metrics. Women did significantly more committee work, secured more education funding, and were promoted more often than men.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that the HMS Fellowship in Medical Education meets programmatic goals and produces positive, measurable academic outcomes. Standardized evaluation metrics of longitudinal faculty development programs would aid cross-institutional comparisons.
Leadership insights from the top: exploring leadership through the narratives of CEOs in India
Authors: Tripathi Smita , Prabhakar Guru Prakash , Liddle Joyce
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the corporate and non-corporate leadership practices in India, the effect of culture on such practices and how these drive management philosophies.

Design/methodology/approach

– Semi-structured interviews were conducted with CEOs from India. A key finding was that Indian leadership shares some aspects of global leadership traits, but factors such as culture and religion are significant influences on their leadership style and philosophy.

Findings

– The findings are helpful to both practitioners and policy makers seeking to understand the leadership style of Indian CEOs.

Originality/value

– Many qualities of a good leader, as defined by Indian CEOs were derived from the Hindu mythology (Bhagvad Gita,Mahabharata,Ramayanaand the fourVedas).
Structural analysis of a cross car beam using finite element models
Authors: Pinto André F. B. P. , Tavares S.M.O. , César de Sá José M. A. , de Castro P.M.S.T.
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to use PAM-CRASH, a finite element analysis solver, to assess the performance of a mass production vehicle cross car beam (CCB) under an overlap frontal crash scenario (crashworthiness). Simulation results were reviewed according to what is plausible to register regarding some critical points displacements and, moreover, to identify its stress concentrations zones. Furthermore, it was also computed the CCB modal analysis (noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) assessment) in order to examine if its natural modes are within with the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) design targets.

Design/methodology/approach

– The available data at the beginning of the present study consisted of the structure CAD file and performance requirements stated by the OEM for NVH. No technical information was available concerning crashworthiness. Taking into account these limitations, it was decided to adapt the requirements for other mass production cars of the same category, as regards dynamic loading. A dynamic explicit code finite element analysis was performed throughout the CCB structure simulating the 120e−3 s crash event. For the modal analysis, there were some necessary modifications to the explicit finite element model in order to perform the analysis in implicit code. In addition, the car body in white stiffness was assigned at the boundaries. These stiffness values are withdrawn from the points where the CCB is attached to the car body’s sheet metal components.

Findings

– Although the unavailability of published results for this particular CCB model prevents a comparison of the present results, the trends and order of magnitude of the crash simulation results are within the expectations for this type of product. Concerning modal analysis, the steering column first natural frequency has a percent deviation from the design lower bound value of 5.09 percent when local body stiffness is considered and of 1.94 percent with fixed boundary conditions. The other requirement of the NVH assessment regarding a 5 Hz minimum interval between first vehicle CCB mode and the first mode of the steering column was indeed achieved with both boundary configurations.

Originality/value

– This study is a further confirmation of the interest of numerical modeling as a first step before actual experimental testing, saving time and money in an automotive industry that has seen an enormous increase of the demand for new car models in the last decade.
Evaluation of semi-ellipsoidal wall thinning on back surface of plate by direct-current potential difference method
Authors: Tada Naoya , Nohara Manabu
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– Local wall thinning is one of serious problems in aged power generating plants. As the thinning grows inside the pipes, it is difficult to detect and evaluate it from the outer surface of pipe. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the method of semi-ellipsoidal wall thinning geometry on the back surface of flat plate by direct-current potential difference method (DC-PDM) was proposed as a preliminary research for the pipe wall thinning evaluation. The evaluation was performed for the potential difference numerically obtained by finite element method and the results were discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

– A number of electric field analyses are necessary to evaluate the geometry of local wall thinning. In this study, defect-current modification method (DCMM), which is very fast analysis method based on the formulated solution for the similar thinning geometry, was used. The DCMM enabled the repeated electric field analyses necessary for the evaluation.

Findings

– The potential difference on the front surface of plate was higher than the other part because of the electric current disturbance by a wall thinning on the back surface. In addition, the distribution depended on the geometry of the wall thinning. In this study, the shape of the thinning was assumed to be ellipsoid, and the width, depth, and length of the thinning were successfully evaluated based on the potential difference distribution on the front surface.

Originality/value

– Evaluation of local wall thinning geometry was carried out by repeated analyses using DCMM, and the results were successful. This fact suggests that the evaluation of local wall thinning is possible by DC-PDM. The proposed method is going to be extended to the local wall thinning on the inner surface of pipe by geometrical conversion.
Fund Volatility Index using equity market state prices
Authors: O'Neill Michael J. , Liu Zhangxin
Published: November 2015

The Fund Volatility Index (FVX) is proposed as a forward measure of volatility with applications in fund hedging and risk management. The method applies equity market state prices to individual fund pay‐offs. FVX is validated as a predictor of short‐term realised volatility for 30 exchange traded funds. Performance of the method is compared with existing methods using a data set of 14 925 non‐traded funds. FVX has lower bias and higher forecast accuracy than existing methods. As a more general measure, it allows for incorporation of terms to capture individual fund skewness and projection of higher moments of returns.
Predictive Power of f99 Repolarization Index for the Occurrence of Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Giuliani Corrado , Swenne Cees A. , Man Sumche , Agostinelli Angela , Fioretti Sandro , Di Nardo Francesco , Burattini Laura
Published: November 2015

Background

Defects of cardiac repolarization, noninvasively identifiable by analyzing the electrocardiographic (ECG) ST segment and T wave, are among the major causes of sudden cardiac death. Still, no repolarization‐based index has so far shown sufficient sensitivity and specificity to justify preventive treatments. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the predictive power of our recently proposed f99 index for the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias.

Methods

Our study populations included 170 patients with implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD), 44 of which developed ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation during the 4‐year follow‐up (ICD_Cases) and 126 did not (ICD_Controls). The f99 index, defined as the frequency at which the repolarization normalized cumulative energy reaches 99%, was computed in each of the 15 (I to III, aVl, aVr, aVf, V1–V6, X, Y, Z) available ECG leads independently, and then maximized over the 6 precordial leads (f99_MaxV1–V6), 12 standard leads (f99_Max12STD) and three orthogonal leads (f99_MaxXYZ) to avoid dispersion‐related issues. Each index predictive power was quantified as the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

Median f99_MaxV1–V6, f99_Max12STD and f99_MaxXYZ values were significantly higher in the ICD_Cases than in the ICD_Controls (48 Hz vs. 35 Hz, P<0.05; 51 Hz vs. 43 Hz, P<0.05; 45 Hz vs. 31 Hz, P<10−3; respectively), indicating a more fragmented repolarization in the former group. The AUC values were 0.62, 0.63 and 0.68, respectively.

Conclusions

The f99 represents a promising risk index for the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias, especially when maximized over the three orthogonal leads.
Mastectomy with tears: breast cancer surgery in the early nineteenth century
Authors: Collins John P.
Published: November 2015

Background

By the early nineteenth century, breast cancer was better understood and surgical treatment was emerging as a more favoured option although anaesthesia had yet to be discovered. Many questions would have arisen for a woman advised to have surgery, including possible alternatives, what the operation would entail, pain and risks involved and the competence, ethical and professional behaviour of the surgeon. This paper addresses these questions in the context of the contemporary environment, focusing in particular on the personal experiences of the women involved.

Methods

A review of the surviving personal letters and information regarding three women who had breast surgery, and of the contemporary surgical writings on breast cancer, training of surgeons, ethical and professional expectations and the concurrent status of women in society.

Results

Surgical training was in its infancy and the first pronouncements on medical ethics had just been published. Pain, bleeding and infection presented formidable challenges and carried significant risks. Women were frequently devoid of information, suffered a loss of their dignity and were progressively stripped of their authority.

Conclusions

Breast cancer surgery was accompanied by enormous emotional and physical distress and significant risks from bleeding and infection. Although efforts were being made to give women a greater voice and autonomy in society, their position when receiving health care remained largely a submissive one. Lack of information, feelings of vulnerability, helplessness and loss of control occurred. The public perception of detachment most likely accounted for the occasional negative stigma then associated with the surgical profession.
Serological, genomic and structural analyses of the major mite allergen Der p 23
Authors: Mueller G. A. , Randall T. A. , Glesner J. , Pedersen L. C. , Perera L. , Edwards L. L. , DeRose E. F. , Chapman M. D. , London R. E. , Pomés A.
Published: November 2015

Background

Der p 23 was recently identified in a European population as a major allergen and potentially a chitin binding protein.

Objective

This study sought to assess the importance of Der p 23 among other Dermatophagoides allergens in a North American population and to determine the structure for functional characterization.

Methods

IgE binding to Der p 23, Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 5, Der p 7 and Der p 8 was measured by ELISA. RNA‐seq data from D. pteronyssinus were compared as estimates of allergen expression levels. The structure was analysed by X‐ray crystallography and NMR.

Results

Despite a high prevalence of Der p 23, (75% vs. 87% and 79% for Der p 1 and Der p 2, respectively), the anti‐Der p 23 IgE levels were relatively low. The patient response to the 6 allergens tested was variable (n = 47), but on average anti‐Der p 1 and anti‐Der p 2 together accounted for 85% of the specific IgE. In terms of abundance, the RNA expression level of Der p 23 is the lowest of the major allergens, thirty fold less than Der p 1 and sevenfold less than Der p 2. The structure of Der p 23 is a small, globular protein stabilized by two disulphide bonds, which is structurally related to allergens such as Blo t 12 that contain carbohydrate binding domains that bind chitin. Functional assays failed to confirm chitin binding by Der p 23.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Der p 23 accounts for a small percentage of the IgE response to mite allergens, which is dominated by Der p 1 and Der p 2. The prevalence and amount of specific IgE to Der p 23 and Der p 2 are disproportionately high compared to the expression of other Dermatophagoides allergens.
Reliability and validity of the March of dimes preconception/prenatal family health history questionnaire: The Persian version
Authors: Mashhadi Abdolahi Hossein , Kargar Maher Mohammad Hassan , Karamouz Majid , Khosroshahi Hossein , Dastgiri Saeed
Published: November 2015

In recent years, there has been a remarkable gap between rapid advancements in genetic technology and public health practice. Looking at the familial health history may bridge this gap for easier and cheaper diagnosis and prevention of congenital anomalies.

The aim of this study was to validate and culturally adapt the March of Dimes Preconception/Prenatal Family Health History Questionnaire for the Iranian population.

After obtaining written permission from March of Dimes, the translation–back translation of the original questionnaire was performed. The content validity was assessed by a team of 12 experts. Based on a sample of 50 general practitioners and 100 subjects referred to health centers from September to November 2014 in Tabriz, Iran, test‐retest reliability and inter‐rater reliability were evaluated by Kappa and Intra‐class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Content validity of the Persian version of the questionnaire was confirmed according to the modified kappa value above 0.76 for all the items included in this tool. Inter‐rater reliability assessment yielded a kappa value between 0.62 and 0.92 for variables with dichotomous measurement scales and ICC ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 for variables with numeric scales. Test–retest re‐administration produced kappa ranging from 0.62 to 0.92 for variables with dichotomous measurement scales and ICC from 0.6 to 0.9 for variables with numeric scales. The Persian version of the March of Dimes preconception/prenatal family health history questionnaire showed acceptable reliability and validity and may be used as a simple tool for the detection of risk factors of birth defects in Iranian population.