bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axion Dark Matter eXperiment: Run 1A analysis details
Authors: Boutan C. , LaRoque B. H. , Lentz E. , Oblath N. S. , Taubman M. S. , Tedeschi J. , Yang J. , Jones A. M. , Braine T. , Crisosto N. , Rosenberg L. J. , Rybka G. , Will D. , Zhang D. , Kimes S. , Ottens R. , Bartram C. , Bowring D. , Cervantes R. , Chou A. S. , Knirck S. , Mitchell D. V. , Sonnenschein A. , Wester W. , Khatiwada R. , Carosi G. , Du N. , Durham S. , O’Kelley S. R. , Woollett N. , Duffy L. D. , Bradley R. , Clarke J. , Siddiqi I. , Agrawal A. , Dixit A. V. , Gleason J. R. , Hipp A. T. , Jois S. , Sikivie P. , Sullivan N. S. , Tanner D. B. , Buckley J. H. , Gaikwad C. , Henriksen E. A. , Hoffman J. , Murch K. W. , Harrington P. M. , Daw E. J. , Perry M. G. , Hilton G. C. ,   ADMX Collaboration
Published: January 2024

The ADMX Collaboration gathered data for its Run 1A axion dark matter search from January 2017 to June 2017, scanning with an axion haloscope over the frequency range 645–680 MHz (2.66–2.81  μeV in axion mass) at Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii (DFSZ) sensitivity. The resulting axion search found no axionlike signals comprising all the dark matter in the form of a virialized galactic halo over the entire frequency range, implying lower bound exclusion limits at or below DFSZ coupling at the 90% confidence level. This paper presents expanded details of the axion search analysis of Run 1A, including review of relevant experimental systems, data-taking operations, preparation and interpretation of raw data, axion search methodology, candidate handling, and final axion limits.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Ratio of
J/Ψ
and
Ψ(2s)
exclusive photoproduction cross sections as an indicator for the presence of nonlinear QCD evolution
Authors: Alcazar Peredo Marco , Hentschinski Martin
Published: January 2024

We investigate the proposal that the rise with energy of the ratio of the exclusive photoproduction cross sections of vector mesons Ψ(2s) and J/Ψ can serve as an indicator for the presence of high gluon densities and associated nonlinear high energy evolution; we study this proposal for both photoproduction on a proton and a lead nucleus. While previous studies were based on unintegrated gluon distributions subject to linear (Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov) and nonlinear (Balitsky-Kovchegov) evolution equations, the current study is based on the Golec-Biernat Wüsthoff and Bartels Golec-Biernat Kowalski models, which allows us to assess more directly the relevance of nonlinear corrections for the description of the energy dependence of the photoproduction cross section. We find that the rise of the ratio is directly related to the presence of a node in the Ψ(2s) wave function and only manifests itself for the complete nonlinear models, while it is absent for their linearized versions. We further provide predictions based on leading order collinear factorization and examine to which extent such an approach can mimic a ratio rising with energy. We also provide a description of recent ALICE data on the energy dependence of the photonuclear J/Ψ production cross section and give predictions for the energy dependence of the ratio of Ψ(2s) and J/Ψ photoproduction cross sections for both scattering on a proton and a lead nucleus.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Multiscale Richtmyer-Meshkov instability experiments to isolate the strain rate dependence of strength
Authors: Prime Michael B. , Fensin Saryu J. , Jones David R. , Dyer Joshua W. , Martinez Daniel T.
Published: January 2024

Theoretical analysis of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) experiments for solid strength shows that the strain rate for a given shock should be inversely proportional to the length scale of the sine wave perturbations when η0k, the nondimensional amplitude to wavelength ratio, is held fixed. To isolate the effect of strain rate on strength, free-surface RMI specimens of annealed copper were prepared with three perturbation regions with the same η0k but different length scales, characterized by the wavelength λ varying by a factor of 4.9 from 65 to 130 to 320µm. Three such targets with different fixed η0k′s were impacted to a shock pressure of 25 GPa, and the instability evolution was measured with photon Doppler velocimetry. Strengths estimated by comparing hydrocode simulation to the data increased from 700 to 1200 MPa as λ decreased. The different η0k targets exercised increasing amounts of plastic strain yet showed no evidence of strain hardening. Physical regime sensitivity analysis determined that for 320−65µm wavelength perturbations, the effective strain rates increased from 8.7×106 to 3.3×107s−1, a factor of 3.8. Thus, the predicted strain rate scaling was mostly achieved but slightly suppressed by increased strength at higher rates. The RMI strength estimates were plotted against constitutive testing data on copper from the literature to show striking evidence of the strength upturn at higher strain rates.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Floquet insulators and lattice fermions beyond naive time discretization
Authors: Iadecola Thomas , Sen Srimoyee , Sivertsen Lars
Published: January 2024

Periodically driven quantum systems known as Floquet insulators can host topologically protected bound states known as “π modes” that exhibit response at half the frequency of the drive. Such states can also appear in undriven lattice field theories when time is discretized as a result of fermion doubling, raising the question of whether these two phenomena could be connected. Recently we demonstrated such a connection at the level of an explicit mapping between the spectra of a continuous-time Floquet model and a discrete-time undriven lattice fermion model. However, this mapping relied on a symmetry of the single-particle spectrum that is not present for generic drive parameters. Inspired by the example of the temporal Wilson term in lattice field theory, in this paper we extend this mapping to the full drive parameter space by allowing the parameters of the discrete-time model to be frequency-dependent. The spectra of the resulting lattice fermion models exactly match the quasienergy spectrum of the Floquet model in the thermodynamic limit. Our results demonstrate that spectral features characteristic of beyond-equilibrium physics in Floquet systems can be replicated in static systems with appropriate time discretization.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Crystal structure of vancomycin bound to the resistance determinant D-alanine-D-serine
Authors: Park Jee Hoon , Reviello Rachel E. , Loll Patrick J.
Published: January 2024

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that for decades has been a mainstay of treatment for persistent bacterial infections. However, the spread of antibiotic resistance threatens its continued utility. In particular, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become a pressing clinical challenge. Vancomycin acts by binding and sequestering the intermediate Lipid II in cell-wall biosynthesis, specifically recognizing a D-alanine-D-alanine dipeptide motif within the Lipid II molecule. VRE achieve resistance by remodeling this motif to either D-alanine-D-lactate or D-alanine-D-serine; the former substitution essentially abolishes recognition by vancomycin of Lipid II, whereas the latter reduces the affinity of the antibiotic by roughly one order of magnitude. The complex of vancomycin bound to D-alanine-D-serine has been crystallized, and its 1.20 Å X-ray crystal structure is presented here. This structure reveals that the D-alanine-D-serine ligand is bound in essentially the same position and same pose as the native D-alanine-D-alanine ligand. The serine-containing ligand appears to be slightly too large to be comfortably accommodated in this way, suggesting one possible contribution to the reduced binding affinity. In addition, two flexible hydroxyl groups – one from the serine side chain of the ligand, and the other from a glucose sugar on the antibiotic – are locked into single conformations in the complex, which is likely to contribute an unfavorable entropic component to the recognition of the serine-containing ligand.
Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of sodium bis(malonato)borate monohydrate
Authors: Selvi Ramalingam , Gokila Govindharajan , Thiruvalluvar Aravazhi Amalan , Sundararajan Raju Sarangapani
Published: January 2024

In the title salt, poly[aqua[μ4-bis(malonato)borato]sodium], {[Na(C6H4BO8)]·H2O}
n
or Na+·[B(C3H2O4)2]−·H2O, the sodium cation exhibits fivefold coordination by four carbonyl O atoms of the bis(malonato)borate anions and a water O atom. The tetrahedral B atom at the centre of the anion leads to the formation of a polymeric three-dimensional framework, which is consolidated by C—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most significant contacts in the crystal packing are H...O/O...H (49.7%), Na...O/O...Na (16.1%), O...O (12.6%), H...H (10.7%) and C...O/O...C (7.3%).
Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of methyl 4-{2,2-dichloro-1-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]ethenyl}benzoate, methyl 4-{2,2-dichloro-1-[(E)-(4-methylphenyl)diazenyl]ethenyl}benzoate and methyl 4-{2,2-dichloro-1-[(E)-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)diazenyl]ethenyl}benzoate
Authors: Shikhaliyev Namiq Q. , İbrahimova Shafiga A. , Atakishiyeva Gulnar T. , Ahmedova Nigar E. , Babayeva Gulnara V. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Atioğlu Zeliha , Akkurt Mehmet , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: January 2024

The crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of three similar azo compounds are reported. Methyl 4-{2,2-dichloro-1-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]ethenyl}benzoate, C16H12Cl2N2O2, (I), and methyl 4-{2,2-dichloro-1-[(E)-(4-methylphenyl)diazenyl]ethenyl}benzoate, C17H14Cl2N2O2, (II), crystallize in the space group P21/c with Z = 4, and methyl 4-{2,2-dichloro-1-[(E)-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)diazenyl]ethenyl}benzoate, C18H16Cl2N2O2, (III), in the space group P\overline{1} with Z = 2. In the crystal of (I), molecules are linked by C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming chains with C(6) motifs parallel to the b axis. Short intermolecular Cl...O contacts of 2.8421 (16) Å and weak van der Waals interactions between these chains stabilize the crystal structure. In (II), molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—Cl...π interactions, forming layers parallel to (010). Weak van der Waals interactions between these layers consolidate the molecular packing. In (III), molecules are linked by C—H...π and C—Cl...π interactions forming chains parallel to [011]. Furthermore, these chains are connected by C—Cl...π interactions parallel to the a axis, forming (0\overline{1}1) layers. The stability of the molecular packing is ensured by van der Waals forces between these layers.
Cadmium phosphates Cd2(PO4)OH and Cd5(PO4)2(OH)4 crystallizing in mineral structures
Authors: Eder Felix , Weil Matthias
Published: January 2024

Single crystals of two basic cadmium phosphates, dicadmium orthophosphate hydroxide, Cd2(PO4)OH, and pentacadmium bis(orthophosphate) tetrakis(hydroxide), Cd5(PO4)2(OH)4, were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Cd2(PO4)OH adopts the triplite [(Mn,Fe)2(PO4)F] structure type. Its asymmetric unit comprises two Cd, one P and five O sites, all situated at the general Wyckoff position 8 f of space group I2/a; two of the O atoms are positionally disordered over two sites, and the H atom could not be localized. Disregarding the disorder, distorted [CdO6] polyhedra form a tri-periodic network by edge-sharing with neighbouring [CdO6] units and by vertex-sharing with [PO4] units. The site associated with the OH group is coordinated by four Cd atoms in a distorted tetrahedral manner forming 1
∞[(OH)Cd4/2] chains parallel to [001]. The oxygen environment around the OH site suggests multiple acceptor atoms for possible O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions and is the putative reason for the disorder. Cd5(PO4)2(OH)4 adopts the arsenoclasite [Mn5(AsO4)2(OH)4] structure type. Its asymmetric unit comprises five Cd, two P, and twelve O sites all located at the general Wyckoff position 4 a of space group P212121; the H atoms could not be localized. The crystal structure of Cd5(PO4)2(OH)4 can be subdivided into two main sub-units. One consists of three edge-sharing [CdO6] octahedra, and the other of two edge- and vertex-sharing [CdO6] octahedra. Each sub-unit forms corrugated ribbons extending parallel to [100]. The two types of ribbons are linked into the tri-periodic arrangement through vertex-sharing and through common [PO4] tetrahedra. Quantitative structure comparisons are made with isotypic M
5(XO4)2(OH)4 crystal structures (M = Cd, Mn, Co; X = P, As, V).
2-Aminobenzoxazole–oxalic acid (2/1)
Authors: Razzoqova Surayyo , Torambetov Batirbay , Todjiev Jamoliddin , Kadirova Shakhnoza , Ibragimov Aziz , Ruzmetov Abror , Ashurov Jamshid
Published: January 2024

In the title compound, 2C7H7N2O+·C2O4
2−, proton transfer from oxalic acid to the N atom of the heterocycle has occurred to form a 2:1 molecular salt. In the extended structure, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the components into [100] chains, which feature R
2
2(8) and R
4
4(14) loops.
Bis(2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-aminium) tetrachloridopalladate(II) hemihydrate
Authors: Singh Ovender , Mok Jungwi , Park Hyoung-Ryun , Lee Junseong
Published: January 2024

A new square-planar palladium complex salt hydrate, (C9H12NO)2[PdCl4]·0.5H2O, has been characterized. The asymmetric unit of the complex salt comprises two [PdCl4]2− dianions, four 2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-aminium cations, each derived from (1R,2S)-(+)-1-aminoindan-2-ol, and one water molecule of crystallization. In the crystal, a two-dimensional layer parallel to (001) features a number of O—H...O, N—H...O, O—H...Cl and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds.
Sustainability reporting, institutional pressures and universities: evidence from the Spanish setting
Authors: Andrades Javier , Martinez-Martinez Domingo , Larrán Manuel
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Relying on institutional theory and Oliver’s (1991) strategic responses framework, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the different strategies adopted by Spanish public universities to respond to institutional pressures for sustainability reporting.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from a variety of sources, such as a series of email-structured interviews with key personnel from universities, a qualitative analysis of sustainability reports and a consultation of the website of each Spanish public university.

Findings

The findings reveal that Spanish public universities have responded to institutional pressures for sustainability reporting by adopting acquiescence, compromise, avoidance and defiance strategies. The variety of strategic responses adopted by Spanish public universities suggests that these organizations have not fully adhered to institutional pressures.

Practical implications

The results of this paper would be useful for practitioners since it tries to demonstrate whether universities, which are facing increasing institutional pressures and demands from stakeholders, have been developing sustainability reporting practices.

Social implications

Universities have a remarkable social impact that could be used to promote sustainability practices. This paper investigates how these organizations can contribute to sustainability reporting as they should reproduce social norms.

Originality/value

The sustainability reporting context is in a phase of change. This paper tries to contribute to the accounting research by analyzing the extent to which universities are engaged in sustainability reporting. Relying on these premises, Oliver’s (1991) framework might be an insightful theoretical perspective to examine the responses provided by universities to institutional pressures.
The discovery and global distribution of hyperaccumulator plants: A personal account
Authors: Reeves Roger D.
Published: January 2024

An instance of extreme accumulation of Zn by a plant species was found in the 19th century, and observations of unusually high concentrations of other elements (Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb, As, Se) were recorded between the 1920s and 1970s. Of relevance to the study of ultramafic areas and their floras is the occurrence of extreme Ni accumulation. The term “hyperaccumulator” was introduced in 1976 to signify a species exhibiting a concentration that can be hundreds or thousands of times greater than that usually found in plants on most common soils. Concentration criteria that allow a species to be regarded as a hyperaccumulator have been defined and refined from time to time. The following account details my own involvement in the discovery of new examples of metal hyperaccumulation, with particular emphasis on Ni accumulation by plants of ultramafic floras worldwide. The interest in hyperaccumulators has prompted investigations into different aspects of the biota of metalliferous soils. The search for new examples of hyperaccumulation continues, aided in part by non‐destructive X‐ray fluorescence scanning of herbarium specimens, which previously served as a resource providing small fragments for sensitive but destructive analysis. Identification of species as hyperaccumulators must be supported by further field exploration to understand the factors governing the level of metal uptake, and to stimulate further work on plant systematics, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. Applications to phytoremediation and agromining are worth pursuing in some cases. Conservation issues are important because many hyperaccumulators are rare and restricted in their distribution.
Immune responses to mRNA‐based vaccines given as a third COVID‐19 vaccine dose in people living with HIV—a literature review
Authors: Knudsen Maria Lodberg , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Heftdal Line Dam
Published: January 2024

People living with HIV (PLWH) were not included in the first efficacy studies of mRNA vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2. In this literature review, we investigate evidence of humoral and cellular immunity after a third dose of an mRNA vaccine in PLWH. We performed a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and SCOPUS published between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022. Selection criteria were studies on immunological responses in PLWH, who were given an mRNA‐based vaccine as a third vaccine dose against SARS‐CoV‐2. Eight articles complied with our selection criteria. All studies found a strong humoral response after the third dose. Five studies investigated cellular immunity and found an increased cellular response after the third vaccine dose in PLWH. No difference in humoral response was observed between PLWH and controls after three doses. However, some of the studies suggested a weaker cellular response among PLWH than in controls, which was associated with lower nadir or current CD4+ T‐cell counts. In conclusion, we found evidence of strong humoral immunity in PLWH after receiving an mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccine as a third dose, while the cellular immunity may be impaired compared to controls.
Scaling circular economy business models: A capability perspective
Authors: Acquier Aurélien , Carbone Valentina , Ezvan Cécile
Published: January 2024

In a context of growing environmental challenges, circular economy (CE) business models appear necessary for business to contribute positively to the ecological transition. While platform business models have been identified as a new and promising model in CE, we still lack a fine‐grained understanding of the critical capabilities involved in developing and scaling them. To fill this gap, we build on a single case study of Phenix, a French‐based fast‐growing start‐up in the food industry, tackling the issue of food waste. We identify three core managerial capabilities involved in the successful scaling of Phenix's business model. In addition to ecosystem orchestration capabilities, we identify two types of ambidextrous capabilities – forms of ambidexterity operating both at the organizational and at the institutional level. Our analysis highlights the importance of considering these capabilities in a bundle as they collectively contribute to the performance and scaling potential of the business model. We also call for an increased consideration of the role of institutional factors in shaping opportunities to design and scale profitable business models.
Stiffness promotes cell migration, invasion, and invadopodia in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating the WT‐CTTN level
Authors: Bao Lili , Zhong Ming , Zhang Zixiang , Yu Xiangqing , You Bo , You Yiwen , Gu Miao , Zhang Qicheng , Chen Wenhui , Lei Wei , Hu Songqun
Published: January 2024

Matrix stiffness potently promotes the malignant phenotype in various biological contexts. Therefore, identification of gene expression to participate in mechanical force signals transduced into downstream biochemical signaling will contribute substantially to the advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment. In the present study, we detected that cortactin (CTTN) played an indispensable role in matrix stiffness‐induced cell migration, invasion, and invadopodia formation. Advances in cancer research have highlighted that dysregulated alternative splicing contributes to cancer progression as an oncogenic driver. However, whether WT‐CTTN or splice variants (SV1‐CTTN or SV2‐CTTN) regulate matrix stiffness‐induced malignant phenotype is largely unknown. We proved that alteration of WT‐CTTN expression modulated matrix stiffness‐induced cell migration, invasion, and invadopodia formation. Considering that splicing factors might drive cancer progression through positive feedback loops, we analyzed and showed how the splicing factor PTBP2 and TIA1 modulated the production of WT‐CTTN. Moreover, we determined that high stiffness activated PTBP2 expression. Taken together, our findings showed that the PTBP2‐WT‐CTTN level increases upon stiffening and then promotes cell migration, invasion, and invadopodia formation in NPC.
Is Margaret Cavendish a naïve realist?
Authors: Whiting Daniel
Published: January 2024

Perception plays a central and wide‐ranging role in the philosophy of Margaret Cavendish. In this paper, I argue that Cavendish holds a naïve realist theory of perception. The case draws on what Cavendish has to say about perceptual presentation, the role of sympathy in experience, the natures of hallucination and of illusion, and the individuation of kinds. While Cavendish takes perception to have representational content, I explain how this is consistent with naïve realism. In closing, I address challenges to the interpretation, one of which turns on whether Cavendish allows for action at a distance. I argue that she does.
The influence of initial sponsor backing on post‐IPO acquisition activity
Authors: Kaufmann Mattheo , Kolaric Sascha , Walter Lennart
Published: January 2024

We investigate the impact of financial sponsor backing [venture capital (VC) or private equity (PE)] on post‐initial public offerings (IPO) acquisition strategies of newly public companies. We find that PE‐backed newly public firms undertake nearly three times more acquisitions than VC‐backed ones and almost twice as many as non‐backed firms, indicating that acquisitions are a primary growth strategy for PEs. This result remains robust after addressing potential endogeneity concerns. Additionally, PE syndicate‐backed firms engage in transformative acquisitions, proxied by size, while VC‐backed firms prioritise organic growth through R&D spending. Moreover, PE‐backed acquirers experience significant positive long‐run post‐IPO stock returns, unlike VC‐backed acquirers.
CD4+ T‐cell recovery in HIV/hepatitis C co‐infected patients following successful hepatitis C treatment
Authors: Ryscavage Patrick , Hussien Siham , Seung Hyunuk , Hynicka Lauren
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV co‐infection has been identified as a risk for impaired CD4+ T‐cell recovery, possibly mediated by HCV‐induced liver fibrosis and/or immune activation. As HCV direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) may partially reverse liver fibrosis and immune activation, sustained HCV virological response (SVR) may lead to improved CD4 recovery. We explored the effect of HCV DAA‐induced SVR on CD4 recovery among patients living with both HCV and HIV, including those with poor CD4 recovery on antiretroviral therapy (immunological non‐responders [INRs]).

Methods

Subjects aged ≥18 years living with both HIV and HCV who achieved SVR with DAA were included. Pre‐DAA CD4 counts were included only after sustained HIV viral suppression and HIV viral suppression was maintained for the duration of the study. Segmented regression of interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate changes in median CD4 count in the pre‐DAA period (−36 months) versus the post‐DAA period (+36 months).

Results

In total, 156 patients were included. In the full cohort, median CD4 counts increased by 15% (p = 0.002) in the 6‐month period following DAA initiation, whereafter CD4 counts decreased by 2.7% per 6‐month period (p = 0.004). Among the 13 INRs, there was no immediate effect on median CD4 in the first 6 months after DAA initiation, whereafter there was a sustained CD4 increase (4.1% per 6‐month time interval [p = 0.02]). In total, 54% of INRs recorded a post‐DAA CD4 count of >350 cells/mm3.

Conclusions

Successful DAA therapy induced a modest immediate CD4 immunological reconstitution among this cohort of patients living with both HIV and HCV, although this effect waned with time. By contrast, among INRs, achieving HCV SVR led to slower but sustained CD4 count recovery.
Adapting psychological interventions for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities: A behavioural activation exemplar
Authors: Jahoda Andrew , Dagnan Dave , Hastings Richard , Gillooly Amanda , Miller Jenny , Baines Susie , Hatton Chris
Published: January 2024

Background

People with severe to profound intellectual disabilities experience similar or higher levels of depression than those with more mild intellectual disabilities. Yet, there is an absence of evidence about how to adapt existing psychological therapies for this population.

Method

A behavioural activation intervention (BeatIt) for people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities was adapted for people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities and depression. Key considerations include: (i) beginning with a more in‐depth assessment process; (ii) including the person in session activities and developing a relationship with them; (iii) formulation and the use of film to document the link between activity and mood; and (iv) addressing barriers to change at an individual and inter‐personal level and considering how the carer could support the person's engagement in activity.

Results

Successfully adapting BeatIt represents a first step towards gathering evidence about the effectiveness of behavioural activation for people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities.
The implementation of non‐weight focused approaches in clinical practice: A Canadian cross‐sectional study among registered dietitians
Authors: Lichtfuss Kori , Franco‐Arellano Beatriz , Jefferson Katherine , Brady Jennifer , Arcand JoAnne
Published: January 2024

Background

An increasing number of dietitians use non‐diet approaches, referred to as non‐weight focused practice approaches (NWFAs), in clinical practice when working with higher weight adult clients. However, the factors that impact dietitians' ability to successfully implement these approaches in practice are unknown.

Methods

Aiming to examine how implementing NWFAs in clinical practice differs based on the extent to which a dietitian uses NWFAs with their clients, we conducted a cross‐sectional online survey among Canadian registered dietitians who work with higher weight adults (May to July 2021), developed and validated following the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Descriptive statistics were conducted to identify barriers and facilitators with respect to implementing NWFAs. The Kruskal–Wallis was used to test for differences in barriers and facilitators with respect to implementing NWFAs among five different practice approaches. The results showed that, among participants (n = 383; 82% white; 95% women) the most important barriers for implementation of NWFAs were clients' focus on weight as an outcome, when losing weight is a condition to access enhanced services, requiring changes to their practice philosophy, difficulty funding professional development and not having sufficient skills or knowledge to implement NWFAs in practice. Top‐rated facilitators included the use of clinical guidelines, scientific publications and educational materials, which were rated with higher agreement across all implementation stages (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The present study highlights important factors that may impact the effective implementation of NWFAs in dietetic practice for higher weight adult clients, which is essential to minimise barriers in practice.
Effectiveness of a self‐assessment application in evaluating the care coordination competency of intensive care unit nurses in managing patients on life support: An intervention study
Authors: Takiguchi Chie , Inoue Tomoko
Published: January 2024

Aim

To examine the effectiveness of the feedback from the Nurses' Care Coordination Competency Scale (NCCCS) application (app) used for self‐assessing the care coordination competency of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in managing patients on life support.

Methods

A non‐randomized open‐label study was conducted in Japan from November 2021 to March 2022. Participants were 318 ICU nurses from acute hospitals in Japan. They were divided manually into two groups based on their certification status. The intervention was immediate feedback on the results of the care coordination competency self‐assessment through the NCCCS app; the control group performed the NCCCS survey with no feedback. The primary outcome was an increase in the NCCCS score 1 month after the intervention. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the scores of the intervention and control groups. Wilcoxon's signed rank sum test was used to compare the scores in the first and second NCCCS surveys.

Results

Forty‐one participants were lost to follow‐up, leaving 277 participants (intervention = 141, control = 136) for analysis. One month later, NCCCS scores similarly increased in both groups. For nurses with at least 5 years of ICU experience (n = 152), the NCCCS score increased in the intervention group (n = 75) (rising point mean: 4.8, standard deviation [SD]: 9.8) compared with that in the control group (n = 77) (rising point mean: 1.3, SD: 8.3) (p = .048).

Conclusions

Feedback from the NCCCS app can improve care coordination behavior. However, a certain level of ICU experience may be required to translate feedback into improved behavior.
Navigating between two figured worlds: A constructivist grounded theory study on residents' workplace experiences with health care management tasks
Authors: Delgadillo‐Sánchez Vivian , Aluja‐Jaramillo Felipe , Olmos‐Vega Francisco
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Medical residents may be required to handle health care management (HCM) tasks alongside their clinical duties, despite not having received training to perform them. However, little research has been done on how medical residents acquire HCM skills at the workplace and how these experiences impact their learning.

Methods

We completed a qualitative research study using the Constructivist Grounded Theory approach inform by the Figured World theory. To gather data, we held focus groups and conducted semi‐structured interviews with 22 medical residents from various disciplines and learning levels at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. We utilised iterative data collection and analysis, constant comparison methods and theoretical sampling to construct our findings.

Results

We constructed two different worlds to represent how residents acquire HCM skills: the non‐managing physician and the physician‐as‐manager. The former was characterised by a discourse that underplayed the role of the HCM tasks as part of residents' training, was full of negative interactions with the health care team and limited residents' agency. In the latter, residents collaborated and learned from health care team members, had supervisors who modelled how to incorporate HCM tasks into daily activities and expanded residents' agency. Residents developed their professional identity according to the world they were introduced into.

Discussion

Educational leaders must understand that the non‐managing physician figured world gives residents a feeling of uprooting and discomfort when carrying out this type of tasks. To transform this world into the physician‐as‐manager, it is necessary to reconfigure some workplace hierarchies, consolidate interprofessional collaborations and change the discourse perpetuated by influential role models. Supervisors must also strengthen their knowledge of HCM and improve its integration into clinical practice. Any effort to train residents on HCM competencies could be lost if the workplace underscores their value in patient care.
Obesity bias: How can this underestimated problem affect medical decisions in healthcare? A systematic review
Authors: Telo Guilherme Heiden , Friedrich Fontoura Lucas , Avila Georgia Oliveira , Gheno Vicenzo , Bertuzzo Brum Maria Antônia , Teixeira Julia Belato , Erthal Isadora Nunes , Alessi Janine , Telo Gabriela Heiden
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Obesity is often labeled as a physical characteristic of a patient rather than a disease and it is subject to obesity bias by health providers, which harms the equality of healthcare in this population.

Objective

Identifying whether obesity bias interferes in clinical decision‐making in the treatment of patients with obesity.

Methods

A systematic review of observational studies published between 1993 and 2023 in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library on obesity bias and therapeutic decisions was carried out. The last search was conducted on June 30, 2023. The main outcome was the difference between clinical decisions in the treatment of individuals with and without obesity. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale for observational studies was used to assess for quality. After the selection process, articles were presented in narrative and thematic synthesis categories to better organize the descriptive analysis.

Results

Of the 2546 records identified, 13 were included. The findings showed fewer screening exams for cancer in patients with obesity, who were also susceptible to less frequent pharmacological treatment intensification in the management of diabetes. Women with obesity received fewer pelvic exams and evidence of diminished visual contact and physician confidence in treatment adherence was reported. Some studies found no disparities in treatment for abdominal pain and tension headaches between patients presented with and without obesity.

Conclusion

The presence of obesity bias has negative effects on medical decision‐making and on the quality of care provided to patients with obesity. These findings reveal the urgent necessity for reflection and development of strategies to mitigate its adverse impacts. (The protocol was registered with the international prospective register of systematic reviews, PROSPERO, under the number CRD42022307567).
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB3*02:194 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Blandin Lucie , Visentin Jonathan , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Lemal Richard , Rouzaire Paul
Published: January 2024

HLA‐DRB3*02:194 differs from HLA‐DRB3*02:02:01:02 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 78 in exon 2.
Bridge to M4 (B2M4): An innovative residency application preparation curriculum
Authors: Codispoti Nicolette , Southworth Elizabeth , Wagner Sarah A. , Graziano Scott C. , Gruener Gregory
Published: January 2024

Background

The medical residency application process is daunting, time‐consuming, and variable, making mentorship in preparation for this process important. In light of changes to the residency application process due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, medical students identified a need to create a formal residency application preparation curriculum. The curriculum focused on reflection, while also furthering professional development and preparing for the nuances of the residency application cycle through structured advising.

Approach

Bridge to M4 (B2M4) included reflective activities to help guide curriculum vitae (CV) refinement, personal and professional values clarification, residency program exploration, elevator pitch formation, personal statement development, mentor identification, guidance on requesting letters of recommendation, and virtual residency interview preparation.

Evaluation

The B2M4 elective first took place in June 2020 with 36 rising fourth year students enrolled. Perceived effectiveness of the curriculum was assessed by having student cohorts evaluate the importance of the CV, personal statement, general preparation, and residency program selection before and after the course. Student feedback was reviewed with content analysis, which highlighted the usefulness of a structured residency preparation course that was rooted in reflection and incorporated faculty mentorship and feedback.

Implications

This student‐driven, innovative curricular design provided students the opportunity to prepare for the residency application process through reflective activities including values clarification, strengths identification, and goal setting. B2M4 demonstrates a process that can be used not only during the Residency Match process, but also throughout graduate medical education and future career decisions.
Clinical educator expertise: A scoping review
Authors: Evans Gretel , Penman Merrolee , Thomson Kate
Published: January 2024

Background

Allied health clinicians supervising healthcare students in workplace learning play a key role in a learner's progression to autonomous practice, yet expert educator practice is not well understood. How expert clinical educators in allied health professions are defined, enact their role, develop educational expertise and bring value to workplace learning is unclear.

Methods

A scoping methodology was chosen to understand what is known about clinical educator expertise in allied health, focusing on definitions, characteristics, impacts and development. Searching seven databases, the authors used an iterative, systematic approach to the selection, collation and analysis of peer‐reviewed and grey literature.

Results

Within 21 included papers, diverse terms and definitions were used to describe expert clinical educators across 9 allied health professions and 5 countries. Expert educator characteristics included advanced skills in facilitating learning, the ability to build positive relationships with learners and a proactive attitude to developing personal supervision skills through reflection. Impacts were identified for learners and educators, and the few sources examining educator development found that expert practice grows in a dynamic, multi‐mode, non‐linear fashion.

Conclusion

A comprehensive picture of the expert clinical educator in allied health is not yet conceptualised, despite some characteristics being associated with expertise. The differences between expert and less proficient educators are unclear with little examination of the impacts, value or development of expert educator capabilities. We offer a framework for future research and advocate for focused studies that examine clinical educator expertise, to enhance approaches to professional development and recognition of excellence in clinical educator practice.
Virtual training for small group facilitators
Authors: Axelsson Carl Gustaf S. , Healy Michael G. , Ramani Subha , Wolbrink Traci , Armstrong Elizabeth , Phitayakorn Roy
Published: January 2024

Background

In addition to providing patient care, interprofessional health care teams work collaboratively on a variety of projects. These projects often benefit from using facilitated small group project discussion sessions, such as the Harvard Macy Institute's (HMI) Step Back Process (SBP). Although having a trained facilitator is an important component of the SBP, only a limited number of health care professionals can attend HMI courses in person or virtually, limiting its impact.

Approach

We developed three video‐based education (VBE) modules to deliver facilitator training on the SBP, informed by principles of Mayer's cognitive theory of multimedia learning. For module development, we used a five‐step approach. We evaluated effectiveness of the modules as a self‐directed method to enhance SBP facilitator training. An initial survey collected demographic data and module feedback, a follow‐up survey collected feedback on the modules' impact on facilitation and interviews focused on the participants' overall experience.

Evaluation

Survey results indicated that the modules were positively received and helped to improve participant confidence in facilitating. We identified four themes from the interviews: challenges of facilitating, value of group feedback, value of modules for experienced facilitators and the modules as part of a multi‐modal approach to train new facilitators.

Implications

This innovation provides insight on delivering facilitator training on the SBP using VBE. Health professions educators developing online facilitator training could adapt our development process and modify implementation guided by our results. Future work should evaluate the best methods to integrate VBE modules into a longitudinal virtual community and assess facilitation techniques.
Storm Characteristics for Monopile Wind Turbine Foundation Design
Authors: Bachynski-Polić Erin E.
Published: January 2024

The temporal evolution of storms is relevant for permanent rotations of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines, as the load cycles encountered during these 35- or 42-hour events can be critical. Existing design standards do not provide guidance on selecting the peak period during the storm evolution, nor do they consider the operational state of the turbine. Previous work defined a storm profile based on hindcast data for the North Sea. The present work examines storm sequences at five relevant locations and finds that the previously defined profile generally agrees well with the observations at all locations. The storm profile disregards wind-wave misalignment, wind and wave directions, and the separation of wind sea and swell sea. Based on aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations of two different turbines, the effect of separating wind sea and swell sea is found to be small. The effect of the operational condition of the turbine is found to be important, with an operational turbine giving larger mean loads and a parked turbine giving larger load variations. The effect of the emergency shutdown event during the load sequence depends on the turbine and wind speed during the shutdown.
AI-Based Structural Defects Detection of Offshore Wind Turbines for Automatical Operation and Maintenance
Authors: Jiang Xue , Zeng Weiming , Zhao Penghui , Cui Lin , Lu Mengyao
Published: January 2024

The scale and speed of offshore wind installation are increasing fast, and the associated maintenance risks and challenges attracting more and more research attention. Blades and towers are the most vulnerable structures for offshore wind turbines and their structural defects account for 59.54% of the total maintenance costs. To ensure the proper operation of offshore wind turbines and minimize financial losses, it is crucial to promptly identify and assess their structural damages. However, traditional object detection techniques suffer from issues like a shortage of defect databases, slow model inference, and poor recognition accuracy. The world has witnessed a rapid development of AI technology, hence, to further explore and resolve structural defects detection issues, state-of-the-art object-detecting algorithms as well as a defect database of offshore floating wind turbines in China are introduced in the AI-based tool, particularly the detection effectiveness of YOLOV5, YOLOX, and YOLOV6 are compared. Furthermore, the performance of these models on structural damages is discussed by analyzing experimental results. At last, it is concluded the YOLOV6 algorithm achieves the best performance, with a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 82.71%, and the Frame Per Second (FPS) is as high as 207.03. Hence, real-time motion detection based on YOLOV6 with semantic segmentation is used to further enhance model accuracy.
Coupling Bladed With External Finite-Element Mooring Libraries
Authors: Alexandre Armando , Fabregas Flavia Francesc , Yu Jingyi , Bakhshandehrostami Ali , Parkinson Steven
Published: January 2024

Bladed is an aero-hydro-servo-elastic commercial software package used for floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) simulation to perform site specific load calculations and component design. To accurately calculate the response of the FOWT to environmental conditions, it is necessary to account for the coupled contribution of all sub-systems, including the turbine, the platform and the moorings.

Aero-hydro-servo-elastic tools are built upon a suite of engineering models that capture key physics of each sub-system. Being able to change the fidelity of some of these engineering models within a single aero-hydro-servo-elastic tool presents several advantages for main component design, including but not limited to the blades and the tower. One of the most important ones is that stakeholders can reduce the number of software and simulations required within a project, which leads to significant improvements in project efficiency and delivery. One way to increase modelling fidelity consists of coupling aero-hydro-servo-elastic tools with other numerical models dedicated to specific sub-systems, for instance the mooring lines.

The focus of this paper is to illustrate how Bladed can be coupled with finite-element mooring FEM line models to improve the fidelity of the station-keeping sub-system. A generic FOWT system composed of the IEA 15MW turbine model and the VolturnUS-S platform is used to verify the coupling. Tests are carried out for a range of environmental conditions, including both simplistic and representative FOWT system design load cases. Both quasi-static and dynamic mooring models are used to assess the coupling. Results demonstrate that successful coupling can be established between Bladed and external mooring line models. In addition, results show that the use of different mooring model fidelity may have an impact on the platform motion and key component loads.
Mooring Force Estimation for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines With Augmented Kalman Filter: a Step Towards Digital Twin
Authors: Yung Kobe Hoi-Yin , Xiao Qing , Incecik Atilla , Thompson Peter
Published: January 2024

During the recent research studies Digital Twin (DT) simulation models for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) based on data-driven mode have been developed, which can provide accurate simulation and prediction of mooring forces of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs). However, the performance of this kind modelling is highly affected by the quantity of real data training set and it is limited to some specific configuration and the recorded environmental conditions. More importantly, the data-driven DT cannot interpret the physical meaning of structural dynamic interactions.

Therefore, a new Physics-Based estimator is proposed in this work. The fully coupled FOWT simulations are carried out in QBlade Ocean and the simulation results are used to prepare the Reduced-Order Model by system identification for different sea states. The proposed estimator is based on the Augmented Kalman Filter in which the unknown mooring force is augmented as a state. The prediction of state is adjusted with the measurable platform motion data. It demonstrates the ability of filtering the noise in measurements and capturing the dynamic behaviour of FOWT with acceptable low computational cost. This real-time state estimator also provides the foundation of developing the DT modelling framework of FOWT and enables us to scale-up FOWTs in the next stage.