bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Komunikasi dan Kebudayaan Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Yadi Ahmad
Published: February 2021

This study tries to explore the link between communication and Islamic culture in Indonesia. To see the linkages, the authors used research with a library research method which focused three issues, namely first, the relationship between communication and culture; second, the relationship between culture and religion; and thirdly, the institutionalization of Islamic cultural values in Indonesia. The results of the study turned out that communication and culture are two things that are inseparable. If we talk about communication then we also talk about culture. Religion and culture are closely related and complementary such as the influence of Islam on culture and cultural influence on Islam. Therefore we know the term "Islamization of culture and the teaching of Islam". Institutionalization of Islamic values is very strong in shaping the system of knowledge and intellectuality of society, belief system, national culture, economic system and the formation of the behavior of Muslims in Indonesia. In short, Islamic values have been rooted in Indonesia national culture.Studi ini mencoba untuk mengeksplorasi keterkaitan antara komunikasi dan budaya Islam di Indonesia. Untuk melihat keterkaitan tersebut, penulis menggunakan penelitian dengan metode penelitian pustaka yang mana memfokuskan tiga isu yaitu pertama, hubungan antara komunikasi dan budaya; kedua, hubungan antara budaya dan agama; dan ketiga, institusionalisasi nilai-nilai budaya Islam di Indonesia. Hasil studi yang dilakukan ternyata komunikasi dan budaya adalah dua hal yang tak terpisahkan. Jika kita membicarakan komunikasi berarti kita juga bicara tentang budaya. Agama dan budaya memiliki kaitan yang erat dan saling melengkapi misalnya pengaruh Islam terhadap budaya dan pengaruh budaya terhadap Islam. Oleh karena itu kita mengenal istilah “Islamisasi budaya dan mengadabkan Islam”. Institusionalisasi nilai-nilai Islam sangat kuat dalam membentuk sistem pengetahuan dan intelektualitas masyarakat, system kepercayaan, budaya nasional, sistem ekonomi dan pembentukan perilaku umat Islam di Indonesia. Pendeknya nilai-nilai Islam telah mengakar ke dalam budaya nasional Indonesia.
Nomenclatural survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). 11. Dioecious Amaranthus species belonging to the sect. Saueranthus
Authors: Iamonico Duilio
Published: February 2021

A nomenclatural study of Amaranthus names, linked to the dioecious taxa belonging to the sect. Saueranthus (subgen. Acnida), was carried out. All studied names are validly published but in need of nomenclatural clarifications. Lectotypes are designated for A. greggii var. muelleri (NY), whereas for A. ambigens, A. annectens, A. arenicola, A. myrianthus, and A. watsonii holotypes were cited (deposited at US, BM, GH, and US). Isotypes where found for A. ambigens (one specimen at NY), A. myrianthus (five specimens at GH, M, MO, RM, and US), and A. arenicola (three specimens at KSC, MO, and US), whereas for A. watsonii two isotypes were traced at US. A new synonymy, A. arenicola = A. myrianthus, is proposed, the latter name having nomenclatural priority to the former one. Based on preliminary taxonomic observations, two varieties are recognized under A. greggii, var. greggii and var. muelleri, which differ from each other on the ratio tepals/fruit (about 2/3 in var. muelleri vs. about 1 in var. greggii).
Telmatoblechnum (Blechnaceae): a new genus for the Uruguayan flora
Authors: González Andrés , Dittrich Vinicius A. O. , Arana Marcelo D.
Published: February 2021

Telmatoblechnum, with the species Telmatoblechnum serrulatum (Blechnaceae), is recorded for the first time for the Uruguayan flora. The species, so far known from southern Brazil and Northeastern Argentina as its southernmost distribution limit, was collected for the first time in crevices between rocks of basalt and sandstone in a small hill in Uruguay (Rivera). Its morphological characteristics and the novel habitat for the species are included; photographs, a map with the location of the new record, as well as a key to the genera of Blechnaceae in Uruguay are provided.
Standardy diagnozy psychologicznej – historia powstawania
Authors: Filipiak Maja , Paluchowski Władysław, Jacek
Published: February 2021

Artykuł przedstawia historię Ogólnopolskiej Sekcji Diagnozy Polskiego Towarzystwa psychologicznego oraz tworzenia „Standardów diagnozy psychologicznej” oraz uzupełniających je wytycznych do ich stosowania.
On the Volume of Sections of the Cube
Authors: Ivanov Grigory , Tsiutsiurupa Igor
Published: February 2021

We study the properties of the maximal volume k-dimensional sections of the n-dimensional cube [−1, 1]
n
. We obtain a first order necessary condition for a k-dimensional subspace to be a local maximizer of the volume of such sections, which we formulate in a geometric way. We estimate the length of the projection of a vector of the standard basis of ℝ
n
onto a k-dimensional subspace that maximizes the volume of the intersection. We find the optimal upper bound on the volume of a planar section of the cube [−1, 1]
n
, n ≥ 2.
An overview of persistent organic pollutants along the coastal environment of Kuwait
Authors: Alshemmari Hassan
Published: February 2021

The oil discovery in the Arab Gulf, and particularly in Kuwait, has led to rapid urbanization, population development, industrialization, and, with it, many problems of oil and nonoil pollution. The rapid growth of the manufacturing sector in Kuwait occurred mainly along its coastal margins. Natural oil sequestration areas have been established and are deemed as critical point pollution sources at different locations along the coast. This has allowed the release of a variety of toxins directly into the marine ecosystem, including petroleum hydrocarbons. The ecotoxicological effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the aquatic environment have been causing a significant concern. Much work concentrated primarily on hydrocarbon emissions from petroleum/combustion, with few papers authenticating other target POPs (PCBs, PBDEs, and dioxins). This study aims to reflect past ideas on the production and sources of POPs in the marine environment in Kuwait and their comparison with worldwide outcomes. Much of the literature reviewed reported that while Kuwait’s aquatic ecosystem has been exposed to a wide variety of incidents of pollution, overall emission rates remain relatively low. Nonetheless, soil pollution hotspots are also associated with point sources of chemical waste, such as those from the Shuaiba industrial area, in a variety of areas along the coast.
Stress analysis of infinite laminated composite plate with elliptical cutout under different in plane loadings in hygrothermal environment
Authors: Magar Ashok , Lal Achchhe
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the solution of stress distribution around elliptical cutout in an infinite laminated composite plate. Analysis is done for in plane loading under hygrothermal environment. The formulation to obtain stresses around elliptical hole is based on Muskhelishvili’s complex variable method. The effect of fibre angle, type of in plane loading, volume fraction of fibre, change in temperature, fibre materials, stacking sequence and environmental conditions on stress distribution around elliptical hole is presented. The study revealed, these factors have significant effect on stress concentration in hygrothermal environment and stress concentration changes are significant with change in temperature.
Epsilon factors of symplectic type characters in the wild case
Authors: Biswas Sazzad Ali
Published: February 2021

By work of John Tate we can associate an epsilon factor with every multiplicative character of a local field.
In this paper, we determine the explicit signs of the epsilon factors for symplectic type characters of

K
×

{K^{\times}}

,
where

K
/
F

{K/F}

is a wildly ramified quadratic extension of a non-Archimedean local field F of characteristic
zero.
Equivariant prequantization and the moment map
Authors: Ferreiro Pérez Roberto
Published: February 2021

If ω is a closed G-invariant 2-form and μ is a moment map, we
obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for equivariant prequantizability
that can be computed in terms of the moment map μ. Our main result is that
G-equivariant prequantizability is related to the fact that the moment map
μ should be quantized for certain vectors on the Lie algebra of G. We
also compute the obstructions to lift the action of G to a prequantization
bundle of ω. Our results are valid for any compact and connected Lie
group G.
Digital DC blocker filters
Authors: Tittelbach-Helmrich Klaus
Published: February 2021

This paper mathematically investigates a special kind of digital infinite-impulse response (IIR) filters, suitable for filtering out very low frequencies near zero from digital signals. We investigate the transfer functions of such filters from 1st to 3rd order and provide formulas to calculate the filter coefficients from the desired cutoff frequency.
Sinter Hardening PM Steels Prepared through Hybrid Alloying
Authors: Geroldinger S. , Oro Calderon R. de , Gierl-Mayer C. , Danninger H.
Published: February 2021

In powder metallurgy (PM), there are several ways of introducing alloying elements into a PM material in order to adjust a certain alloying element content. Each alloying route has its advantages and disadvantages. Master alloys (MA), powders with a high content of typically several alloying elements, can be added in small amounts to a base powder, especially to introduce oxygen sensitive elements such as Cr, Mn, and Si. In addition, the master alloy can be designed in such a way that a liquid phase is formed intermediately during the sintering process to improve the distribution of alloying elements in the material and to accelerate homogenization. In this study, such master alloys were combined with pre-alloyed base powders to form hybrid alloyed mixtures with the aim of improving the material‘s sinter hardenability. The hybrid alloys were compared with mixtures of master alloy and plain Fe as reference material. The sinter hardenability of all materials was determined by generating CCT diagrams recorded with 13 different cooling rates. These were verified by metallographic cross-sections of specimens treated at common cooling rates of 3 and 1.5 K/s and subsequent hardness measurements of the microhardness (HV 0.1) of the microstructural constituents and the apparent hardness (HV 30). ◼
A new two-layer passive micromixer design based on SAR-vortex principles
Authors: Lotfiani Amin , Rezazadeh Ghader
Published: February 2021

Micromixers are key components of microfluidic systems for sample analysis, bioreactors, drug delivery, and many other applications. To date, numerous passive micromixer designs have been proposed. Among those, several designs with complex design structures have been demonstrated to be efficient. In the present work, the authors try to propose a new efficient design with low complexity in terms of fabrication. The new design is two-layer and is based on the split and recombination (SAR) and vortex mixing principles. It is suggested to fabricate the new design in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using the soft lithography technique. This new design is chosen among three new designs simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent 17.0. The three new designs are named ND1, ND2, and ND3 and their mixing performances are evaluated numerically using mixing index (MI) and mixer effectiveness (ME) quantities at four different Reynolds (Re) numbers in the range of 0.1–100. Calculated values are compared with those obtained for the classical Y-shaped (CY) micromixer. Flow and mixing patterns are computed by solving the continuity, Navier–Stokes, and the convection–diffusion equations. CFD results for the CY micromixer are compared with available experimental and numerical data and reasonable agreement is observed. According to the results, ND3 has the highest performance (ME up to 36.86 percent/mm) among the investigated micromixer designs in the entire range of Re numbers. The maximum pressure drop (35099.9 Pa at Re = 100 for ND3) is still in the range of acceptable pressure drops reported in the literature. ND3 can be used as an efficient substitute for CY. Although ND3 is highly efficient (MI up to 99.52%) at Re numbers lower than 0.3 or higher than 50, its performance at the intermediate Re numbers (0.3 < Re < 50) is poor and unacceptable (MI as low as 44%). This can be simply improved by adding extra mixing units to provide adequate mixing also at the intermediate Re numbers.
Machine learning and geodesy: A survey
Authors: Butt Jemil , Wieser Andreas , Gojcic Zan , Zhou Caifa
Published: February 2021

The goal of classical geodetic data analysis is often to estimate distributional parameters like expected values and variances based on measurements that are subject to uncertainty due to unpredictable environmental effects and instrument specific noise. Its traditional roots and focus on analytical solutions at times require strong prior assumptions regarding problem specification and underlying probability distributions that preclude successful application in practical cases for which the goal is not regression in presence of Gaussian noise.

Machine learning methods are more flexible with respect to assumed regularity of the input and the form of the desired outputs and allow for nonparametric stochastic models at the cost of substituting easily analyzable closed form solutions by numerical schemes. This article aims at examining common grounds of geodetic data analysis and machine learning and showcases applications of algorithms for supervised and unsupervised learning to tasks concerned with optimal estimation, signal separation, danger assessment and design of measurement strategies that occur frequently and naturally in geodesy.
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome and Persistent Hypothyroidism After Bilateral Nephrectomy
Authors: Kacer Martina , Whyte Dilys A. , Boydstun Ivy , Wilson Thomas A.
Published: February 2021

Congenital nephrotic syndrome is commonly associated with hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone supplementation is recommended as standard of care. The hypothyroidism is postulated to occur secondary to chronic massive proteinuria with loss of thyroid binding globulin, thyroid hormone and iodine. Previous reports have indicated that thyroxin may be discontinued following bilateral nephrectomy. We report our experience with one child with congenital nephrotic syndrome, Finnish type, and hypothyroidism who had a high requirement for thyroxin (100-150 μg/d) from infancy to 4 years of age. Hypothyroidism persisted despite bilateral nephrectomy and later following renal transplantation. However, his thyroxin requirement is now substantially lower (62.5 μg/d) at age 14 years. No goiter was detected clinically and antithyroid antibodies were negative. Thyroid ultrasound and 1231 scan revealed a thyroid gland in the anatomically normal location. 1231 uptake was elevated, 18% at 6 hours and 51% at 24 hours (normal values: 3-16% at 6 hours and 8- 25% at 24 hours). Perchlorate was unavailable for a perchlorate washout study. We speculate that this patient may have an intrinsic problem with thyroid hormone synthesis. It is unclear whether this is related or coincidental to the Finnish nephrotic syndrome. We recommend following thyroid functions closely if thyroxin is discontinued following bilateral nephrectomies in Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome.
High order weak approximation for irregular functionals of time-inhomogeneous SDEs
Authors: Yamada Toshihiro
Published: February 2021

This paper shows a general weak approximation method for time-inhomogeneous stochastic differential equations (SDEs) using Malliavin weights. A unified approach is introduced to construct a higher order discretization scheme for expectations of non-smooth functionals of solutions of time-inhomogeneous SDEs. Numerical experiments show the validity of the method.
Characterization of recycled waste papers treated with starch/organophosphorus-silane biocomposite flame retardant
Authors: El-Sabour Mona A. , Mohamed Amina L. , El-Meligy Magda G. , Al-Shemy Mona T.
Published: February 2021

In this study we have recycled two types of waste papers, newspapers and magazines, to prepare paperboard sheets for multipurpose applications. The recycling procedure succeeded in removing most of inorganic contaminants via de-inking process. To enhance the flame retardant ability of paperboard sheets, treatment with varying concentrations (1, 3 and 5 % wt/vol) of organophosphorus-silane compound in the absence and presence of starch (0.2 % wt/vol) was done. The thermal proofing properties of paperboard sheets have been modified after treatment with organophosphorus-silane compound and starch/organophosphorus-silane biocomposite. The results showed that, 3 % (wt/vol) was the minimum concentration to accomplish fire retardancy of paperboard sheets. The addition of starch to the organophosphorus-silane compound enhances the physicomechanical properties of modified paperboard sheets. The paperboard sheets treated organophosphorus-silane compound and starch/organophosphorus-silane biocomposite showed dissimilar activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Various analyses were performed to study the physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared paperboard sheets.
Jan Sobieski’s latifundium and the soldiers (1652-1696)
Authors: Ujma Magdalena
Published: February 2021

An analysis of the relationship between Jan III Sobieski and the people he distinguished shows that there were many mutual benefits. Social promotion was more difficult if the candidate for the office did not come from a senatorial family34. It can be assumed that, especially in the case of Atanazy Walenty Miączyński, the economic activity in the Sobieski family was conducive to career development. However, the function of the plenipotentiary was not a necessary condition for this. Not all the people distinguished by Jan III Sobieski achieved the same. More important offices were entrusted primarily to Marek Matczyński. Stanisław Zygmunt Druszkiewicz’s career was definitely less brilliant. Druszkiewicz joined the group of senators thanks to Jan III, and Matczyński and Szczuka received ministerial offices only during the reign of Sobieski. Jan III certainly counted on the ability to manage a team of people acquired by his comrades-in-arms in the course of his military service. However, their other advantage was also important - good orientation in political matters and exerting an appropriate influence on the nobility.

The economic basis of the magnate’s power is an issue that requires more extensive research. This issue was primarily of interest to historians dealing with latifundia in the 18th century. This was mainly due to the source material. Latifundial documentation was kept much more regularly in the 18th century than before and is well-organized. The economic activity of the magnate was related not only to the internal organization of landed estates. It cannot be separated from the military, because the goal of the magnate’s life was politics and, very often, also war. Despite its autonomy, the latifundium wasn’t isolated. Despite the existence of the decentralization process of the state, the magnate families remained in contact with the weakening center of the state and influenced changes in its social structure. The actual strength of the magnate family was determined not only by the area of land goods, but above all by their profitability, which depended on several factors: geographic location and natural conditions, the current situation on the economic market, and the management method adopted by the magnate. In the 17th century, crisis phenomena, visible in demography, agricultural and crafts production, money and trade, intensified. In these realities, attempts by Jan III Sobieski to reconstruct the lands destroyed by the war and to introduce military rigor in the management center did not bring the expected results. Sobieski, however, introduced “new people” to the group of senators, who implemented his policy at the sejmiks and the Parliament, participated in military expeditions and managed his property.
Processes and problems of pulp and paper industry: an overview
Authors: Pathak Puneet , Sharma Chhavi
Published: February 2021

The pulp and paper industry is a highly energy-intensive and water-consuming industry. This industry is known for the utilization of a wide range of raw materials, containing cellulose fibers (generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues), for the production of various grades of paper. There are several processes involved in the conversion of raw materials to the paper product such as raw material preparation, pulping, pulp washing and screening, bleaching, stock preparation, papermaking and chemical recovery. All the processes are facing issues regarding process efficiency, product quality, energy & water consumption, and cost and environment. There is a need for further improvement and upgrading the technologies but the scale of operations, technological obsolesce and cost of implementing new technologies are some of the major issues. The main thrust areas of pulp and paper processing require major interventions in the adoption of green and clean technologies.
Interventions to Improve Children's Health by Improving the Housing Environment
Authors: Chaudhuri Nita
Published: February 2021

Young children spend more than 90% of their time in the household environment-a likely place of exposure to hazardous substances. In the developing world, childhood diarrheal disease and acute lower respiratory infections represent a large portion of the global burden of disease and are strongly related to housing conditions. In the developed world, allergies and asthma are also strongly linked to housing conditions. Therefore, intervention to improve housing is essential to improve and maintain children's health. This paper will review several factors that have been shown to mediate housing and health relations, including psychosocial, environmental, socioeconomic, behavior-cultural, and physiological factors, and will provide examples of intervention to improve child health, with housing as a focus. Environmental contaminants found in the household include biological (for example, vector-borne diseases, dustmites, mold, water and sanitation-related), chemical (for example, lead, volatile organic compounds, asbestos) or physical (for example, radon, electric and magnetic fields). Socioeconomic factors include bousehold income, the ability to obtain adequate and appropriate housing, and the ability to implement ongoing preventative maintenance. Housing tenure has been used as a proxy for socioeconomic status and shown some relation with health outcome. Socioeconomic factors can be relevant to the ability of households to create social networks that affect bealth. Psychosocial factors, including stress and depression, can also be related to housing type or design. Behavioral-cultural factors include practices that might influence exposure to chemical, biological, or radiation hazards like time-activity patterns, including gender relations and household decision-making patterns. Physiological factors include genetics or the nutritional and immune status of household members, which can influence the extent to which other housing factors like biological or chemical contaminants adversely affect children. Examples of intersectoral interventions and strategies to improve child health globally, with housing and health as a focus, include integrated pest-management programs to control vector-borne diseases like malaria and Chagas disease and energyefficiency programs to improve thermal comfort and to reduce the presence of allergens like mold and dustmites. Other interventions include housing and health policy, regulation and standard setting, education, training, and participation.
Housing and Health in Later Life
Authors: Oswald Frank , Wahl Hans-Werner
Published: February 2021

The goal of this paper is to compile recent data on the housing and health in old age, with special emphasis on geropsychological and gerontological studies. The authors first introduce their understanding of both housing and health. Second, theoretical models that are important to understand better the relation between housing- and health-related outcomes are incorporated into an analytic scheme. Third, data on objective and subjective aspects of housing in old age in relation to healthrelated outcomes are presented. Among the objective functional housing aspects are healthrelevant micro-environmental indicators like housing hazards and amenities, retrofitting and assistive devices, as well as meso- and macroenvironmental indicators like housing type, neighborhood conditions, or urban-rural differences. Relocation is a classic field in environmental gerontology in which drastic environmental change has been linked to health outcomes. Among subjective housing aspects are residential satisfaction, housing-related control beliefs, and meaning of home. Direct health-related outcomes, such as physical and mental diseases and functional limitations, as well as indirect health-related outcomes like satisfaction or well-being receive attention. We conclude with a discussion addressing the environment and health dynamics of aging in the future.
Housing and Health Transition in Thailand
Authors: Friel S. , McMichael A. J. , Kjellstrom T. , Prapamontol T.
Published: February 2021

Over the past half-century, Thailand's health profile has been undergoiog an epidemiologic transition in association with various fundamental societal changes, shifting from one with a predominant burden of communicable disease to one in which noncommunicable diseases and accidents now predominate. The primary question is why have the disease rates in the Thai population changed? Answering this question requires an examination of the underlying transitions in social and contextual factors. This paper explores, using published data, how housing conditions, as one set of environmental health risks, have undergone transition in recent years and how this change maps on the health-transition process. A combination of economic development, urbanization, modernization, and increased health literacy resulted in a range of health-protecting changes in housing design and materials. Pre-eminent among such changes are improvements in household sanitation and in equipment, ventilation, and fuel pertaining to indoor cooking and heating. In tropical countries like Thailand, gains have been made in mosquito-proofing houses and in minimizing open pools of water to combat the risks of malaria, dengue fever, and other mosquito-borne infections. Meanwhile, the growth in shantytown and slum housing around the urban fringe, often in precarious environmental settings, introduced a negative dimension to the evolving profile of housing-related health risks, whereas the urban sprawl of modern residences creates health risks that are due to traffic crashes and the lack of walking in daily transport.
Lead Poisoning in South African Children: The Hazard is at Horne
Authors: Mathec Angela , Schirnding Yasmin von , Montgomery Mary , Röllin Halina
Published: February 2021

Lead is a toxic heavy metal that has been used extensively in modern society, causing widespread environmental contamination even in isolated parts of the world. Irrefutable evidence associates lead at different exposure levels with a wide spectrum of health and social effects, including mild intellectual impairment, hyperactivity, shortened concentration span, poor school performance, violent/aggressive behavior, and hearing loss. Lead has an impact on virtually all organ systems, including the heart, brain, liver, kidneys, and circulatory system, resulting in coma and death in severe cases. In recent years, a consensus was reached regarding the absence of a threshold for the key health effects associated with lead exposure and the permanent and irreversible nature of many health and social consequences of lead exposure. The public health problem of environmental lead exposure has been widely investigated in developed countries like the United States of America, where actions taken have led to significant reductions in children's blood lead concentrations. In contrast, there is a relative dearth of information and action regarding lead poisoning in developing countries, particularly in African countries, despite evidence of widespread and excessive childhood lead exposure. In this paper, we will review the information from available published papers, the 'grey Literature', and unpublished reports to give an overview of lead exposure in South African children over the past two decades, with particular emphasis on sources of exposure in the home environment.
Homelessness-On the Health Agenda in Wales?
Authors: Pritchard John W. , Puzey John W.
Published: February 2021

Building a sustainable and inclusive future for Wales is at the heart of the constitution of the National Assembly for Wales, which means forging a crosscutting approach to social policy. Improving health is a strategic priority within this agenda, and homelessness and housing appear to be at the center of the Assembly Government's vision of developing sustainable and cohesive communities and promoting social inclusion. This article considers the links between homelessness and mental and physical ill health and the importance of combating homelessness and poor housing within the health agenda in Wales. The article cites the links between homelessness and health identified in the United Kingdom and in international research and highlights the growth in homelessness witnessed during the late 1990s and beginning of the 21"1 Century. The paper considers the significant increase of homelessness and assesses whether, in reality, sufficient practical measures are being taken to combat homelessness as a means of tackling ill health in Wales. The authors conclude that although Wales is making progress toward an integrated approach to health and well-being and that the need to tackle broader health determinants has gained recognition, investment in effectively tackling homelessness and exclusion is needed. Integrating the broader housing, homelessness, and health agendas could contribute to health gains in Wales.
Residential Environment and Health: A Review of Methodological and Conceptual Issues
Authors: Kamp Irene van , Loon Jeanne van , Droomers Mariel , Hollander Augustinus de
Published: February 2021

Geographic patterns of poor health and mortality risk are found in most countries. Important health effects at the neighborhood level are mortality, general health, illness and disabilities, mental health, and healthcare utilization. Awareness of the influence of social class on health has been growing during the last decades. Studies show that individuals with lower socioeconomic status (SES) have a shorter life expectancy than do their 'well-off' counterparts. Yet SES-related health inequalities cannot be fully explained by individual characteristics, and environmental qualities should be taken into account. Many aspects of local areas that might be related to health or access to opportunities to live healthily are systematically poorer in socially disadvantaged areas. Such factors have the potential to explain health differences between deprived and prosperous neighborhoods. Investigating health differences at the neighborhood level implies conceptual as well as methodological issues pertaining to selection, accumulation, multiple level measurement, objective features versus perceptions, and time dynamic aspects. This article reviews such issues and evaluates several exemplary theoretical approaches from the fields of public health and environmental health in their ability to overcome such problems.
An elementary proof of Chollet’s permanent conjecture for 4 × 4 real matrices
Authors: Hutchinson George
Published: February 2021

A proof of the statement per(A ∘ B) ≤ per(A)per(B) is given for 4 × 4 positive semidefinite real matrices. The proof uses only elementary linear algebra and a rather lengthy series of simple inequalities.
Cloud Point Extraction of Direct Blue 71 Dye using Triton X-100 as Nonionic Surfactant
Authors: Alibrahim Moussa
Published: February 2021

A surfactant-mediated cloud point extraction (CPE) method using the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) has been developed to remove the dye Direct Blue 71 (DB71) from a waste water. Most of the dye molecules are solubilized in the coacervate phase so that the dilute phase remains free of the dye. The effects of surfactant concentration, temperature and salt concentration on the different dye concentrations were studied to determine the optimal conditions for removing DB71. The concentration of DB71 in the dilute phase was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It was found that the separation of phases was complete and the recovery of DB71 was very effective in the presence of NaCl as an electrolyte. The results showed that up to 25 ppm DB71, i.e. more than 95%, can be quantitatively removed by cloud point extraction procedures in a single extraction at optimal conditions. It was also observed that at a dye concentration of 1 ppm, 100% of the blue dye DB71 can be directly removed with a TX-100 concentration of 12% by weight. At higher dye concentrations of up to 30 ppm, 94.7%-100% dye can be removed. The TX-100 concentration was 12 wt%, the salt concentration (NaCl) 0.005 M and the temperature 75°C. It is concluded that the surfactant mediated cloud point extraction method for dye removal can be an alternative to current dye removal methods.
Understanding Bench Press Biomechanics—The Necessity of Measuring Lateral Barbell Forces
Authors: Mausehund Lasse , Werkhausen Amelie , Bartsch Julia , Krosshaug Tron
Published: February 2021

Mausehund, L, Werkhausen, A, Bartsch, J, and Krosshaug, T. Understanding bench press biomechanics—The necessity of measuring lateral barbell forces. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2685–2695, 2022—The purpose of this study was to advance the expertise of the bench press exercise by complementing electromyographic (EMG) with net joint moment (NJM) and strength normalized NJM (nNJM) measurements, thus establishing the magnitude of the elbow and shoulder muscular loads and efforts. Normalized NJMs were determined as the ratio of the bench press NJMs to the maximum NJMs produced during maximum voluntary isokinetic contractions. Furthermore, we wanted to assess how changes in grip width and elbow positioning affected elbow and shoulder NJMs and nNJMs, and muscle activity of the primary movers. Thirty-five strength-trained adults performed a 6–8 repetition maximum set of each bench press variation, while elbow and shoulder NJMs and EMG activity of 7 upper extremity muscles were recorded. The results show that all bench press variations achieved high elbow and shoulder muscular efforts. A decrease in grip width induced larger elbow NJMs, and larger EMG activity of the lateral head of the triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, and clavicular head of the pectoralis major (p ≤ 0.05). An increase in grip width elicited larger shoulder NJMs and nNJMs, and larger EMG activity of the abdominal head of the pectoralis major (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, all bench press variations may stimulate strength gains and hypertrophy of the elbow extensors and shoulder flexors and horizontal adductors. However, greater adaptations of the elbow extensors and shoulder flexors may be expected when selecting narrower grip widths, whereas wider grip widths may induce greater adaptations of the shoulder horizontal adductors.
Effect of a Law Enforcement Academy Training Program on Validated Fitness Outcomes of Cadets
Authors: Martinez Gabriel J. , Abel Mark G.
Published: February 2021

Martinez, GJ and Abel, MG. Effect of a law enforcement academy training program on validated fitness outcomes of cadets. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 955–962, 2021—The purpose of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of a law enforcement training program on physical fitness outcomes in police cadets. A convenience sample of 138 male and 8 female police cadets participated in a 23-week law enforcement training academy with validated fitness assessments conducted at entrance, midpoint, and exit from the academy. Demographic, anthropometric, and fitness data (i.e., 1.5-mile run, 1 repetition maximum bench press, sit-up repetitions, push-up repetitions, and 300-m run) were retrospectively collected. Analysis of variance was used to identify the influence of training on fitness outcomes over time and between cadet subgroup stratifications. Statistical significance for this study was set at p ≤ 0.05. All cadet subgroups (specialty-stratified and sex-stratified cohorts) exceeded the validated fitness standards on academy entrance and exit (p ≤ 0.01). The entire cohort significantly improved all fitness outcomes throughout the training program. Furthermore, improvements in all fitness outcomes were significantly greater from entrance to midpoint (4.4–35.7%, p ≤ 0.001) vs. midpoint to exit (1.2–15.4%, p < 0.05). Specifically, there were greater relative improvements in push-ups and sit-ups (57.5 and 28.7%, respectively; p < 0.001) compared with bench press (13.8%, p < 0.001), 300-m run (5.8%, p < 0.001), and 1.5-mile run (12.1%, p < 0.001). Regarding female cadets, the average relative improvement in fitness outcomes from entrance to exit assessments was superior compared to male counterparts for all fitness tests except sit-ups. Moreover, the specialty cadets produced lower 1.5-mile run times than nonspecialty cadets throughout the academy. Overall, the academy improved occupationally relevant fitness outcomes, with greater improvements occurring earlier in the academy.
Выборы в Каталонии – тест для правительства в Мадриде
Authors: Vernikov Vladimir
Published: February 2021

Записка посвящена прошедшим 14 февраля 2021 года парламентским выборам в Каталонии – автономном регионе, который в течение многих лет добивается независимости от Испании. Наибольшее количество мандатов (по 33) в региональном парламенте получили каталонские социалисты (PSC) и сторонники независимости из «Левых республиканцев» (ERC). На одно место меньше у еще одной сепаратистской партии «Вместе за Каталонию» (JpC), которую формально возглавляет скрывающийся от испанского правосудия бывший глава правительства К. Пучдемон. Арифметически ни одна из партий указанной тройки не способна самостоятельно сформировать правительство региона – Женералитат. И пока трудно представить, как они будут взаимодействовать для получения большинства и вотума доверия: слишком велики их внутренние противоречия и различия во взглядах на будущее региона.
Vítimas fatais por arma de fogo de mão em Salvador-Bahia: um olhar sobre perfil epidemiológico da última década
Authors: Pinto Fernanda Silva da Silveira , Lucena Mariana Siqueira , Andrade Adriana Conceição de Mello , Avena Katia de Miranda
Published: February 2021

A violência no Brasil é uma realidade que afeta toda sociedade, refletindo altos e crescentes índices de eventos envolvendo armas de fogo. Conhecer as características epidemiológicas das vítimas contribui na compreensão de aspectos que podem auxiliar na elaboração de ações preventivas e planos de ação para reduzir a mortalidade por tal agravo. Neste contexto, esse estudo descreve o perfil das vítimas fatais de agressão por meio de disparo de arma de fogo de mão, de 2009 a 2019, em Salvador/Bahia, analisando o local da ocorrência e o meio ao qual o óbito foi atestado. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo, descritivo, com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM/SUS/DATASUS). Foram incluídos óbitos por causas externas, especificamente por “agressão por meio de disparo de arma de fogo de mão” (CID X93). Foram registrados 206.621 óbitos, sendo 0,62% decorrentes de agressão por meio de disparo de arma de fogo de mão. Destes, 1.282 foram homicídios, que ocorreram em homens (94%), dos 20-59 anos (76,5%) e da raça parda (73,9%). O local de maior ocorrência foi a via pública (55,9%), tendo os atestados de óbito sido emitidos em 99,3% dos casos pelo Instituto Médico Legal. É importante refletir acerca das diversidades que rondam os óbitos por violência na cidade de Salvador. Há necessidade de um olhar mais atencioso ao público-alvo, caracterizado por homens, adultos, da raça parda. Quanto às subnotificações, estas possivelmente interferem na fidedignidade com a realidade da região em análise. Encontrar a raiz deste problema torna-se imprescindível para melhor entendimento da realidade vivida.
Atherogenic dyslipidemia, but not hyperglycemia, is an independent factor associated with liver fibrosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD: a population-based study
Authors: Julián María Teresa , Pera Guillem , Soldevila Berta , Caballería Llorenç , Julve Josep , Puig-Jové Carlos , Morillas Rosa , Torán Pere , Expósito Carmen , Puig-Domingo Manel , Castelblanco Esmeralda , Franch-Nadal Josep , Cusi Kenneth , Mauricio Didac , Alonso Nuria
Published: February 2021

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and risks factors associated with the presence of liver fibrosis in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Design and methods

This study was part of a population-based study conducted in the Barcelona metropolitan area among subjects aged 18–75 years old. Secondary causes of steatosis were excluded. Moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis was defined as a liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 8.0 kPa assessed by transient elastography.

Results

Among 930 subjects with NAFLD, the prevalence of moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis was higher in subjects with T2D compared those without (30.8% vs 8.7%). By multivariable analysis, one of the main factors independently associated with increased LSM in subjects with NAFLD was atherogenic dyslipidemia but only in those with T2D. The percentage of subjects with LSM ≥ 8.0 kPa was higher in subjects with T2D and atherogenic dyslipidemia than in those with T2D without atherogenic dyslipidemia both for the cut-off point of LSM ≥8.0 kPa (45% vs 24% P = 0.002) and ≥13 kPa (13% vs 4% P = 0.020). No differences were observed in the prevalence of LSM ≥8.0 kPa regarding glycemic control among NAFLD-diabetic subjects.

Conclusions

Factors associated with moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD are different in subjects with and without T2D. Atherogenic dyslipidemia was associated with the presence of moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis in T2D with NAFLD but not in non-diabetic subjects. These findings highlight the need for an active search for liver fibrosis in subjects with T2D NAFLD and atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Vaspin, a novel adipokine in woman granulosa cells physiology and PCOS pathogenesis?
Authors: Bongrani Alice , Mellouk Namya , Ramé Christelle , Cornuau Marion , Guerif Fabrice , Froment Pascal , Dupont Joëlle
Published: February 2021

Vaspin is a novel adipokine mainly expressed in visceral adipose tissue and closely related to obesity and insulin-resistance. Currently, data about its ovarian expression are limited to animal models and its role in human reproduction is largely unexplored. Our study’s aims were then to characterise vaspin expression in the human ovary and to study in vitro its effects on granulosa cells physiology. Secondly, we assessed vaspin and its receptor GRP78 variations in granulosa cells and follicular fluid of a cohort of 112 infertile women undergoing an in vitro fertilisation procedure and allocated to three groups, each including normal-weight and obese subjects: 34 PCOS patients, 33 women with isolated polycystic ovary morphology (ECHO group) and 45 controls. Vaspin and GRP78 expression in the ovary was assessed by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and Western blot. Granulosa cells and follicular fluid were analysed by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. In vitro, granulosa cells metabolism was studied after stimulation with recombinant human vaspin, with and without a siRNA directed against GRP78. Vaspin was highly expressed in the human ovary and concentration-dependently enhanced granulosa cells steroidogenesis, proliferation and viability through GRP78 (P < 0.0001). Vaspin levels in both granulosa cells and follicular fluid were significantly higher in obese women (P < 0.0001) and in the normal-weight ECHO group (P < 0.001), which also had the highest expression rates of GRP78 (P < 0.05). Although further investigation is needed, vaspin appears as a novel modulator of human granulosa cells physiology and possibly plays a role in PCOS pathogenesis, notably protecting from insulin-resistance induced complications.
A Giant Ruptured Noncoronary Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Zhao Xueshan , Jiang Lijie , Yue Honghua , Wu Zhong
Published: February 2021

The occurrence of a giant ruptured aneurysm originating from the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva in the right atrium is extremely rare. Herein, a case is presented of a giant ruptured noncoronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) that was protruding into the right atrium, which was almost completely occupied by an aneurysm. A 61-year-old female was referred to the hospital for exertional palpitation and dyspnea. While a surgical repair was performed by resection of the aneurysm and a sinus remodeling with a patch of fresh bovine pericardium, a very rare case was observed. It was a giant ruptured noncoronary sinus of aneurysm that completely occupied the right atrium, which was difficult to distinguish from the coronary aneurysm. It is also believed that various imaging examinations, such as cardiac computed tomography angiogram (CCTA) and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), were useful for the diagnosis.
Framework Media di Dunia
Authors: Muqsith Munadhil Abdul
Published: February 2021

Internet telah menyulap industri konvensional, menjadi industri berbasis digital. Salah satunya industri media massa. Hingga kini media massa tetap diyakini sebagai alat paling ampuh dalam mempengaruhi opini publik. Industri media cetak, media elektronik serta media online yang terus berkembang pesat dewasa ini, menegaskan bisnis media massa merupakan bisnis yang banyak digemari pengusaha. Trennya sekarang, ekspansi media massa konvensional menuju media online berbasiskan internet semakin semarak. Keunggulan media online yang jauh lebih unggul dalam kecepatan menayangkan, kontennya lebih bervariatif dan berdaya jangkau luas, dapat diakses seluruh audiens di seluruh dunia, dan secara ekonomi sangat murah, menjadikan banyak manajemen perusahaan media cetak merubah formatnya menjadi media online.
Perkembangan Digital Media di Dunia
Authors: Muqsith Munadhil Abdul
Published: February 2021

Pengembangan dan penyebaran media digital di seluruh dunia telah mencapai puncaknya pada sentralitas dari media dalam kegiatan sosial, politik dan ekonomi masyarakat dan organisasi di banyak negara, terutama di negara maju (. Sebagai contoh, di sebagian besar negara-negara maju, komputer dan ponsel yang semakin menjadi sangat diperlukan untuk bagaimana orang berkomunikasi, memilih, membeli, perdagangan, belajar, tanggal, bekerja atau bahkan bermain. Teknologi informasi penggemar berpendapat bahwa ini berarti bahwa negara-negara tersebut hidup di usia informasi masyarakat, yang mereka mendefinisikan sebagai masyarakat pasca-industri, mana pelayanan informasi industri dan informasi baru dan komunikasi teknologi (TIK) berada di kemudi proses sosial-ekonomi dan politik masyarakat.