bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HISTORICAL CONTINUITY OF FRIEDENSREICH HUNDERTWASSER'S DESIGN METHODS IN MODERN RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES OF ASTANA CITY
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mamedov S.
Published: March 2023

Friedensreich Hundertwasser is one of the participants in the process of transforming the original modernist postulates into a more flexible, humane and open system of rational architectural thinking. His objects, including architectural ones, look like a challenge to rationalism, show a new form of creativity in which the ecological (natural) aspect is a priority. At the present stage, architectural solutions aimed at improving the environmental friendliness of residential complexes are of key importance for the formation of the concept of sustainable urban development. Thus, the analysis of the works of F. Hundertwasser, will contribute to the transformation of the applied methods of designing residential structures.
MUTUAL INTEGRATION OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING AS A REACTION TO CLIMATIC AND ANTHROPOGENIC CONDITIONS
Authors:   International Educational Corporation, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Onichshenko Y. , Abdrassilova G. ,   International Educational Corporation, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Generalova E.M. ,   Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia
Published: March 2023

The article considers the architecture of two unique objects - shopping and entertainment centre Khan Shatyr (Kazakhstan, Astana) and the Heydar Aliyev Centre (Azerbaijan, Baku), which appeared as a response to modern social demands for a new type of social space - multifunctional, image-making, with a unique artistic image. The value of the objects under study lies in the fact that in addition to the pronounced external characteristics, they have innovative structural, technical and technological solutions, dictated by regional natural-climatic and local socio-cultural factors. The study reveals the degree of influence of specific natural, climatic, anthropogenic factors on the imaginative and constructive solutions of the architecture of the new generation of public centres. The unique methods of modelling modern forms, new interpretation of artistic images and innovative technologies of building construction are described.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING GRAPHIC DESIGNERS TO BUILD THE COMPOSITION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN DIGITAL COMICS
Authors:   International Educational Corporation, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Chiknoverova K.V. , Akhmedova A.T. ,   International Educational Corporation, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2023

The article presents the results of a pedagogical experiment related to identifying the possibilities of making changes to the work program "Illustration". The purpose of the innovations is to develop spatial thinking in the process of developing an author's comic book for students studying under the educational program "Graphic Design". It is proposed to change the content and structure of training sessions in the discipline in accordance with modern market reality. Current requests in the professional design and advertising environment reflect the real picture of increasing the importance of knowledge, skills and abilities not only in the field of book graphics, but also in the field of illustration in the development of modern graphic design products. 2D graphics programs explore options for creating three-dimensional and four-dimensional environments using traditional artistic and digital graphic tools. New methods of teaching future graphic designers to create space in a comic book in conditions of increasing the role of digital illustration are considered. The connection of the construction of the visual hierarchy of the components of the environment with current technologies is revealed.
STATIC CALCULATION OF ANCHOR SYSTEMS OF FLOATING DRILLING PLATFORMS
Authors:   Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Yessenov, Aktau, Kazakhstan, Sugirov D.U. , Nigmetov M.Zh. ,   Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Yessenov, Aktau, Kazakhstan, Baysarova G.G. ,   Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Yessenov, Aktau, Kazakhstan, Yerzhanov K.S. ,   Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Yessenov, Aktau, Kazakhstan, Zhayilkhan M.A. ,   Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Yessenov, Aktau, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2023

The relevance of the study lies in the importance of ensuring the trouble-free operation of the anchoring system of expensive floating structures. Under any external influences, the retention system must ensure the continuation of normal operation of the floating object. It is proposed to achieve this by determining the main parameters of these systems by static calculations. The purpose of the study is to consider the available approaches and methods for calculating the anchoring of floating structures and obtaining the parameters of the system in a static formulation. The methodological basis of this work consists of standards and rules, as well as the main research results of a number of domestic and foreign specialists.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATE OF VOLUNTEERS USING MEDICAL MASKS
Authors:   Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene, A. Semushina , O. Siniakova ,   Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene, L. Shcherbinskaya ,   Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene, S. Tolkach ,   Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene
Published: March 2023

In the article, the study results show that under the volunteers’ conditions of the experiment on the physiology and psychoemotional state, they influence their subjective assessment. We had interviewed 48 volunteers. Volunteers used medical masks (type II, registered in the Republic of Belarus) for experi-mental studies. We have studied the physical and psycho-motional state of volunteers on the based on their subjective assessment when using masks in an experimental situation for three days while modeling working conditions in three categories of work Ib, IIa, IIb. As a result of the study, it was found that in the conditions of the experiment with an increase in the level of energy con-sumption among volunteers when using medical masks, the number of com-plaints indicating the development of fatigue increases, discomfort in the face is more often observed, while most volunteers don’t associate the use of medical masks with changes in their physical and psychoemotional state.
СО-DEPENDENCE SYNDROME: THE SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ASPECT
Authors:   MACC ", Т. I. Тsiatserkina ,   Psychiatry - Narcology",   NMU "Republican Center for Human Problems" BSU, V. U. Корсак ,   NMU "Republican Center for Human Problems" BSU
Published: March 2023

The authors have shown for the first time that the development of co-dependency syndrome is associated with the lack of formation or loss of the boundaries of the individual space-time model of a person, which makes it impossible for him to exist independently. This leads to a person's loss of subjectivity and merging with another subject of the relationship – an alcohol-dependent family member. Such a person ceases to separate himself from the latter and becomes dependent on his dependence, experiencing the disease with him and adapting to his needs and lifestyle. These processes are due to the launch of the space-time model of the co-dependent, which leads to the insufficiency of functioning of its main element – the temporal spiral, which acts as the engine of the entire model. The time spiral becomes unable to produce internal energy of the human body, which leads to the development of hypo/anergy in the state of dependent.
CASES OF THE EXTRALARYNGEAL ANASTOMOSES BETWEEN THE LARYNGEAL NERVES IN AN ADULT
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. E. Chechenets
Published: March 2023

Establishing the topographic features of the nerves of the larynx is an im-portant area of modern medicine due to the frequent surgical intervention on the organs of the neck. It is known that the innervation of the larynx is provid-ed by the superior and recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerves. The laryngeal nerves, as well as their branches, can form many anastomoses between them-selves inside the organ, which should be taken into account by practicing sur-geons to prevent the development of postoperative complications. So, there are a large number of different variants for the innervation of the muscles and mucous membrane of the larynx due to the presence of intralaryngeal anasto-moses. As for extralaryngeal anastomoses, they are rare and are of great inter-est to both morphologists and practicing surgeons. During surgical interven-tion on the thyroid gland during intraoperative identification of the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves, the presence of extralaryngeal anastomoses be-tween them can make it difficult to identify the nerves and lead to iatrogenic damage to the latter. This article describes 3 cases of extralaryngeal anastomoses between the nerves of the larynx established during the macroscopic preparation of or-ganocomplexes of the neck of an adult. The 1st case is an anastomosis between the internal and external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve, the 2nd and 3rd are anastomoses between the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
HUMAN BRAIN ASTROCYTES: MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTIONS
Authors:   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, S. N. Rjabceva , I. A. Siamionik ,   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, M. A. Korneeva ,   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, A. O. Chabatar ,   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, S. A. Guzov ,   Belarusian State Medical University, M. K. Nedzvedz ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: March 2023

The article presents a modern view on functional activities of astrocytes during physiological processes, describes the morphological characteristics of the isolated subpopulations of astrocytic cells of the human brain: interlami-nar, protoplasmic, astrocytes with varicose projection (varicose astrocytes), polarized and fibrous. Interlaminar astrocytes of the I cortical layer of the hu-man brain characterize by long processes that penetrate up to IV cortical layer, and short processes that form the glia pial limitans. A characteristic feature of protoplasmic astrocytes is a wide highly branched network of short processes and domain organization. Polarized astrocytes and astrocytes with with vari-cose projection, which found in V–VI cortical layers of neocortex, have long processes that penetrate into the upper cortical layers of human brain, provid-ing interlaminar intercellular interconnection. The article also noted the cellular specificity of immunohistochemical markers used to visualize astrocytes. We noted the cellular specificity of immunohistochemical markers used for visualization of astrocytes.
ESTABLISHMENT OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO COMPLE-TION OF LABOR BY CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors:   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, I. A. Veres
Published: March 2023

One of the urgent problems in obstetric practice is the disclosure of patho-genetic mechanisms of violation of the contractile activity of the uterus during childbirth, which is accompanied by an increase in the risk of emergency cae-sarean section. Among the reasons, a significant role is assigned to anomalies of labor activity (10–25 %), in which labor activity is inhibited for unknown reasons. The appointment of drugs that stimulate the contractile function of the uterus during childbirth, with a mechanical obstruction not diagnosed in a timely manner, is accompanied by an increased risk of fetal asphyxia, birth trauma and leads to a belated caesarean section. Timely prediction of the course of the birth process and the selection of pregnant women for controlled delivery are one of the main medical problems. In view of the foregoing, we have established factors that are directly related to the formation of the cause of an emergency caesarean section. A retrospective study was conducted based on the analysis of medical documentation (history of childbirth) of 99 puerper-as hospitalized in the 3rd City Clinical Hospital named after E. V. Klumov" in Minsk in 2021–2022. The main group consisted of 52 women after spontane-ous childbirth (the average age of the patients was 26.7 ± 3.6). 49 puerperas of the comparison group were examined after emergency operative delivery (the average age of the patients was 27.6 ± 2.5). All puerperas of the compared groups were prescribed oxytocin infusions during labor in accordance with the clinical protocol. According to the results of our research, most of the signs that contribute to the completion of labor by caesarean section are related to mechanical difficulties. Undoubtedly significant predictors of the completion of labor by caesarean section were: acute fetal hypoxia, chronic decompensation according to cardiotocography and incorrect insertion of the fetal head. The most significant predictors were a decrease in contractile activity (OR = 21.0, CI 11.68–37.09, p < 0.001), cervical dystocia (OR = 10.0, CI 2.41–18.90, p < 0.001) and discoordination of labor according (OR = 6.0, CI 1.6–17.9, p = 0.006), the presence of which increases the chances of operative delivery by 21.0; 10.0 and 6.0 times, respectively. Weakness of labor activity and uter-ine atony in labor are a fairly common cause of emergency caesarean section due to the lack of effect of the therapy or violation of the fetal condition, but the mechanisms of their formation remain unidentified.
POSTPARTUM SUBINVOLUTION OF THE UTERUS: CLINICAL, SONOGRAPHIC AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, I. Veres , O. Peresada ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, L. M. Nebyshinets ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, V. P. Sokol ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, A. N. Barsukov ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, S. A. Rutkevich ,   Belarusian State Medical University, S. E. Mazitova ,   Clinical maternity hospital of Minsk region
Published: March 2023

A prospective study was conducted in 197 patients (mean age 25.0 ± 2.4 years). Established clinical and laboratory-instrumental criteria for various op-tions for postpartum subinvolution of the uterus: 1) subinvolution without clinical signs of an infectious and inflammatory process – leukocytosis up to 10×109/l, the number of stab neutrophils 3–4 %, ESR up to 20 mm/h, PCT less than 0,05 ng/ml, hsCRP level less than 10 mg/l, LII less than 1 unit, PLA2 activity 2, 5–4 IU/l, IR of uterine arteries less than 0.5; expansion of the uterine cavity up to 15 mm according to ultrasound; uter-ine tone less than 5.4 mHg 2) subinvolution with minor clinical signs of inflammation – leukocytosis 10–11×109 / l, the number of stab neutrophils 5–7 %, ESR 20–30 mm / h, PCT 0,05–1,5 ng/ml, the level of hsCRP 10–20 mg / l, LII – 1–3 units, activity PLA2 4–7.0 IU/l, IR of uterine arteries less than 0.5, expansion of the uterine cavity 15–20 mm; uterine tone less than 5.4 mHg 3) subinvolution complicated by HPE – leukocytosis 12×109/l or more, the number of stab neutrophils 8 % or more, ESR – more than 30 mm/h, PCT more than 1,5 ng/ml, hsCRP level more than 20 mg/l, LII more than 3 units, PLA2 activity more than 7.0 IU/l, IR of the uterine arteries is less than 0.5, the expansion of the uterine cavity is more than 20 m, uterine tone less than 5.4 mHg 2. A strong inverse relationship was found between uterine tone and uterine cavity size (correlation coefficient r = –0.9751; p < 0.001; 95 % confidence in-terval) in patients with SCI. 3. A decrease in the index of resistance of the uterine arteries to 0.47 ± 0.02 c.u. was established. (p = 0.022) in a strong direct associative relationship with the size of the uterine cavity (correlation coefficient r = 0.93712; p = 0.001; 95 % confidence interval).
Determination of respiration and photosynthesis fractionation factors for atmospheric dioxygen inferred from a vegetation–soil–atmosphere analogue of the terrestrial biosphere in closed chambers
Authors: Paul Clémence , Piel Clément , Sauze Joana , Pasquier Nicolas , Prié Frédéric , Devidal Sébastien , Jacob Roxanne , Dapoigny Arnaud , Jossoud Olivier , Milcu Alexandru , Landais Amaëlle
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The isotopic composition of dioxygen in the atmosphere is a global tracer
which depends on the biosphere flux of dioxygen toward and from the
atmosphere (photosynthesis and respiration) as well as exchanges with the
stratosphere. When measured in fossil air trapped in ice cores, the relative
concentration of 16O, 17O, and 18O of O2 can be used for
several applications such as ice core dating and past global productivity
reconstruction. However, there are still uncertainties about the accuracy of
these tracers as they depend on the integrated isotopic discrimination of
different biological processes of dioxygen production and uptake, for which
we currently have very few independent estimates. Here we determined the
respiration and photosynthesis fractionation factors for atmospheric
dioxygen from experiments carried out in a replicated
vegetation–soil–atmosphere analogue of the terrestrial biosphere in closed
chambers with growing Festuca arundinacea. The values for 18O discrimination during soil
respiration and dark respiration in leaves are equal to -12.3±1.7 ‰ and -19.1±2.4 ‰,
respectively. In these closed biological chambers, we also found a value
attributed to terrestrial photosynthetic isotopic discrimination equal to
+3.7±1.3 ‰. This last estimate suggests that
the contribution of terrestrial productivity in the Dole effect may have
been underestimated in previous studies.
Ash fallout long term probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment for Neapolitan volcanoes: an example of what Earth Scientists can do with HPC resources
Authors: Stocchi Manuel , Massaro Silvia , Martínz Montesinos Beatriz , Sandri Laura , Selva Jacopo , Sulpizio Roberto , Giaccio Biagio , Moscatelli Massimiliano , Peronace Edoardo , Nocentini Marco , Isaia Roberto , Titos Luzón Manuel , Dellino Pierfrancesco , Naso Giuseppe , Costa Antonio
Published: March 2023

The creation of hazard maps relative to volcanic phenomena requires taking into account the intrinsic complexity and variability of eruptions. Here we present an example of how HPC can allow producing a high resolution multi-source probabilistic hazard assessment due to tephra fallout over a domain covering Southern Italy.  The three active volcanoes in the Neapolitan area, Somma-Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia, were considered as volcanic sources. For each one, we explored  three explosive size classes (Small, Medium and Large) for Somma Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei, and one explosive size class (Large) for Ischia. For each size class, we performed 1500 numerical simulations of ash dispersion (total of 10500) using the  Fall3D (V8.0) model over a computational domain covering  Southern Italy with a 0.03° ⨉ 0.03° (~3 km ⨉ 3 km) resolution. Within each size class, the eruptive parameters have been randomly sampled from well-suited probability distributions and with different meteorological conditions, obtained by randomly sampling a day between 1990 and 2020 and retrieving the relative data from the ECMWF ERA5 database. This allowed exploring the intra-class variability and to quantify aleatoric uncertainty. The results of these simulations have been post-processed with a statistical approach by assigning a weight to each eruption (based on its eruption magnitude) and the annual eruption rate of each size class. For the case of Campi Flegrei, the variability in the eruptive vent position has also been explored by constructing a grid of possible vent locations with different spatial probability. By merging the results obtained for each source and size class we produced a portfolio of hazard maps showing the expected mean annual frequency of overcoming selected thresholds in  ground tephra load. A disaggregation analysis has also been performed in order to understand which particular source and/or size class had the greater impact on a particular area. The completion of this work, considering both numerical simulations and the statistical elaboration of the results has required a total of more than 5000 core hours and the processing of more than 2TB of data, an effort that wouldn’t have been possible without the access to high level HPC resources.
GALES: a general-purpose multi-physics FEM code
Authors: Garg Deepak , Papale Paolo , Longo Antonella , Montagna Chiara
Published: March 2023

We present a versatile open-source FEM-based multi-physics numerical code GALES for volcanic and general-purpose problems. The code is developed/applied to a suite of problems in magma and volcano dynamics. The software is written in modern C++ and is parallelized using OpenMPI and  Trilinos libraries. GALES comprises several advanced solvers for 2D and 3D problems dealing with heat transfer, compressible to incompressible mono and multi-fluid flows in Eulerian and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulations, Elastic (static and dynamic) deformation of solids and fluid-solid interaction. Fluid solvers account for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian rheologies. Solvers account for transient as well as steady problems. Non-linear problems are linearized using Newton's method. All solvers have been thoroughly verified and validated on standard benchmarks. The software is regularly used for high-performance computing (HPC) on our local cluster machines at INGV, Pisa, Italy. Recently, we analyzed the performance of the code by a series of strong-scaling tests conducted on the Marenostrum supercomputer at the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC) up to 12288 cores. The results revealed a computational speedup close to ideal and above satisfactory levels as long as the element/core ratio is sufficiently large, making GALES an excellent choice for utilizing HPC resources efficiently for complex magma flow and rock dynamics problems.
Contribution of geomatic tools for the study of geological control of ground movements in the province of Al Hoceima - Northern Morocco
Authors: Sbihi Ayyoub , El talibi Hajar , Harmouzi Hasnaa , Mastére Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Morocco is one of the countries with a long geological history, tracing several orogenies. The most recent, called alpine, was at the origin of the formation of the Rifian chain by the collision of the two tectonic plates African and Eurasian. This activity continues to predominate because of the continuous approximation of the plates and the punching of the Alboran microplate. This results, among other things, in the decompression of rock masses and the reopening of inherited discontinuities. These, being associated with other soil-geological, climatic parameters, topographical and anthropogenic, make the Rif unquestionably the area most exposed to natural hazards including phenomenal of land instability. The effects of this hydro-gravity hazard are all the more important when they affect more or less vulnerable inhabited areas.The region of Al Hoceima is part of the Rif, it presents several indices of instabilities. While some areas remain relatively stable, others are subject to factors that may generate ground movement.The objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between the mapped ground movements of Al Hoceima province and the key geological parameters, namely lithology, and fracturing. Using the GIS tools, we analyzed the spatial distribution with the different classes of the two parameters mentioned above, using a two-stage geostatistical analysis. Keywords : Risk, Cartography, GIS, Remote sensing, ground movements, Geostatistics, Al Hoceima.
Operationalizing deployable hazard detection technology based on machine learning
Authors: Chen Thomas Y. , Houtz Luke
Published: March 2023

As climate change advances, machine learning approaches have been developed to detect and assess impacts to infrastructure and communities by natural hazards and extreme weather events. One especially useful source of data is Earth observation and satellite imagery. For example, deep neural networks are trained on multitemporal Earth observation data to be able to perform inference on pairs of high-resolution pre-earthquake and post-earthquake imagery and output a prediction of the damage severity for any given area. Different modalities of imagery, such as infrared imagery, can be particularly useful for detecting damage. As state-of-the-art models are trained and published in the scientific literature, it is important to consider the deployability of the algorithms. Key bottlenecks to successful deployment in the exascale era include the interpretability of neural networks, computer visualization of outputs, as well as runtime dependencies of the model and memory consumption. An additional consideration is the climate impact of the significant computing resources required by large, complex models that are supposed to aid in climate adaptation. We discuss various methods of real-world deployment, including the use of drones that analyze multitemporal change in real time. Finally, we emphasize the importance of bias mitigation in machine learning and computer vision models, examining recent cutting-edge techniques like the REVISE tool, which thoroughly probes geographical biases in big data. This is required because AI requires a large quantity of data and the predictions on unseen data it makes are contingent on the data it has already seen.
Risk assessment and mitigation of induced seismicity for geo-energy related applications at the basin scale
Authors: Wu Haiqing , Xie Jian , Vilarrasa Victor
Published: March 2023

Fluid injection-induced earthquakes involve a series of complex physical processes. Evaluating these processes at the basin scale requires an amount of input data and a super computational ability to solve in near-real time risk analysis, which remains the most critical challenge in geo-energy related applications. Although the current computational tools can achieve a good simulation for the field scale problems, they are far away from the requirements of the basin scale analysis. Alternatively, we can apply verified analytical solutions of certain processes to speed the whole calculations when moving from the field to the basin scale. With this in mind, we adopt the analytical solutions for pore pressure diffusion and stress variations due to fluid injection into the reservoir. With the superposition principle, the analytical solutions can address the coupling problem of multi-injection wells at the basin scale. We then assess faults stability and the associated induced seismicity potential using the hydro-mechanical perturbations throughout the basin computed analytically.To handle the uncertainty of geological properties, including the fault and reservoir geometries, hydraulic and mechanical properties, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to analyze their effects on induced seismicity potential. Such comprehensive parametric space analysis currently represents an insurmountable obstacle to be solved numerically, even calculating the problem in parallel. We propose a feasible methodology to mitigate the magnitude of induced seismicity, and even to avoid large earthquakes for subsurface energy-related projects, based on the results obtained both at the field and basin scales. This development will represent a great tool for risk evaluation of induced earthquakes not only in the period of site selection, but also in the whole lifetime of geo-energy projects. 
Tsunami evacuation using an agent-based model in Chile
Authors: Zamora Natalia , León Jorge , Gubler Alejandra , Catalán Patricio
Published: March 2023

Tsunami evacuation planning can be crucial to mitigate the impact on lives. During evacuation procedures, vertical evacuation can be an effective way to provide protection to people if horizontal evacuation is not feasible. However, this can imply an associated risk if the different scenarios related not only to the uncertainties of the tsunami phenomena, but also to the behavior of people during an evacuation phase are not considered. For this reason, in recent years, tsunami risk management in Chile has incorporated the propagation of uncertainties in each phase of the study of tsunami impacts and the design of evacuation routes. Agent-based models allow coupling inundation tsunami scenarios and the people's interactions and decision-making. In this research, thousands of tsunami scenarios are considered to establish tsunami hazard mapping based on flow depths and tsunami time arrivals. We chose a worst-case scenario from this database and coupled it with an agent-based model to assess tsunami evacuation in Viña del Mar, Chile. Moreover, we examined an improved situation with the same characteristics, but including 11 tsunami vertical-evacuation (TVE) facilities. Our findings show that the tsunami flood might lead to significant human casualties in the case of a worst-case scenario (above 50% of the agents). Nevertheless, including the TVE structures could reduce this number by roughly 10%. Future work will include propagation of uncertainties also in all the phases of the evacuation where HPC will aid on the simulations of agent-based models that require intense computational resources.
Volcanic ash dispersal and deposition workflow on HPC
Authors: Guerrero Alejandra , Folch Arnau , Mingari Leonardo
Published: March 2023

DT-GEO is a project proposed to deal with natural or anthropogenically induced geohazards (earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and tsunamis) by deploying a Digital Twin of the planet. The prototype will provide a way to visualize, manipulate and understand the response to hypothetical or on-going events by integrating data acquisition  and models. Due to the complexity of the development, the project has been divided into different work packages and components. The volcanic phenomena package includes 4 Digital Twin Components (DTCs): volcanic unrest, volcanic ash clouds and ground accumulations, lava flows, and volcanic gas dispersal. The volcanic ash and dispersal deposition component implements a workflow for atmospheric dispersal and ground deposition forecast systems. The workflow is composed of four general units. The first one is the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) acquisition (provided by external institutions) refers to both:  automatic obtention of the forecast (up to few days ahead) or the reanalysis (preprocess data from the past) in global or regional scales at different resolutions. Then, the Triggering and Eruption Source Parameters (ESP) is based on predefined communications channels and prioritized by an accuracy rank. The FALL3D model setup and run ensemble simulations, resulting from perturbing ESP values within a range. Finally, the postprocess refers to the compilation of the simulations into hazard maps.
Can we model lava flows faster than real-time to assist on a first volcanic emergency response?
Authors: Paredes Carlos , Márquez Marcos David , Llorente Miguel
Published: March 2023

Remote sensing data and numerical simulation models of lava flows have been combined to assess the possibility of rapid, real-time response during the effusive crisis of the recent Cumbre Vieja (Sep 19 - December 13, 2021) eruptive episode. Here, we use the monitoring products openly distributed by COPERNICUS through the Emergency Management Service (EMSR546) and by the Cabildo Insular de la Palma (daily-updated polygons of the extent of the lava flow) and the lava flow emplacement as simulated with VolcFlow, during the first seven days of the eruption, and supported by the location of the effusive foci provided by the IGN. The morphometric analysis of the satellite data has allowed us to estimate, assuming a non-Newtonian behaviour of the lava, the flows emitted, and their viscosities, using expressions based on the morphological dimensions, their advancing speed, and their density. The morphometric values thus obtained have been used as initial conditions for the numerical calibration, which has been done by minimising the Jaccard coefficient used as the objective function, but other geometric measures can be used as functionals to be minimised. Although we have designed and presented a task flow as a procedure to perform a dynamic numerical semiautomatic calibration over time of the rheological parameters necessary to simulate the day-to-day evolution of the lava flooding zone, based on the remote information recorded, for its validation we have carried out the search for the solution to the optimisation problem manually.The results have allowed us to obtain a Jaccard coefficient between 85% and 60% with a calculation time, including calibration, of less than 7 days of simulated lava flow.  Also, an emission rate of about 140 m3/s of lava flow has been estimated, during the first 24 h of the eruptive process, which decreased asymptotically to 60 m3/s. This value can be cross-checked with information from other remote sources using TADR. Viscosity varied from 8 × 106 Pa s, or a yield strength of 42 × 103 Pa, in the first hours, to 4 × 107 Pa s and 35 × 103 Pa, respectively, during the remainder of the seven days. In addition, the modelling allowed mapping the likely evolution of the lava flow fields until 27 September, with an acceptable lava height distribution for the highest values and a Jaccard coefficient of 85%, in order to determine the behaviour of the available response time, according to the computational cost, for the numerical estimation of the rheology and to generate real-time forecasts of the evolution.This integration of satellite data with numerical model calibration for parametric estimation of the La Palma 2021 eruption holds great promise for providing a real-time response system to other future volcanic eruptions and providing the necessary information, mainly in the form of dynamic evolution maps, for efficient emergency preparedness and management.
Integrating 3D physics-based earthquake simulations to seismic risk assessment: The case of Bogotá, Colombia.
Authors: Riaño Andrea C. , Reyes Juan C. , Bielak Jacobo , Restrepo Doriam , Taborda Ricardo , Yamin Luis E.
Published: March 2023

The basin beneath the greater metropolitan area of Bogotá, Colombia, consists of soft material deposits with shear wave velocity Vs ≤ 400 m/s that reach depths up to 425 m. Located on a high plateau in the eastern cordillera of the Colombian Andes, this highly populated urban area is subject to significant seismic hazards from local and regional fault systems. The potential ground motion amplification effects during earthquakes due to the presence of soft soil deposits and the surface and sub-surface topography constitute problems of great importance towards better understanding and estimating the seismic risk of the city. Given the scarcity of seismic data from large magnitude events, and in an effort to advance modern seismic hazard mapping for the region, this study aimed to develop a physics-based framework to generate synthetic ground records that can help to better understand the basin and other amplification effects during strong earthquake shaking in the region, and then to incorporate these effects into the estimation of seismic risk. To this end, a set of simulations were first conducted on Hercules, the wave propagation octree-based finite element simulator developed by the Quake Group at Carnegie Mellon University, to reproduce similar conditions to those observed in Bogotá during past seismic events (e.g., 2008 Quetame Earthquake) and to identify the impacts of hypothetical strong earthquakes scenarios. Then the results from these simulations were then integrated into a new software package for post-processing and assessing the seismic risk in the Bogotá region for different scenarios selected.
Towards exascale shallow-water modelling with SERGHEI model and Kokkos
Authors: Caviedes-Voullième Daniel , Morales-Hernández Mario , Özgen-Xian Ilhan
Published: March 2023

The Simulation EnviRonment for Geomorphology, Hydrodynamics and Ecohydrology in Integrated form (SERGHEI) model framework is a model framework for environmental hydrodynamics, ecohydrology, morphodynamics, and, importantly, interactions and feedbacks among such processes. SERGHEI is designed to be applicable to both geoscientific questions of coupled processes in Earth system science such as hydrological connectivity and river stability, as well as engineering applications to flooding and transport phenomena.In this contribution we present the SERGHEI model framework, its modular concept and its performance-portable implementation. We discuss the implementation of SERGHEI including the specifics of a highly efficient parallel implementation of the numerical scheme (based on augmented Riemann solvers) and how we achieve portability using the Kokkos programming model as an abstraction layer. The experience in SERGHEI suggests that Kokkos is a robust path towards performance-portability, and sets a realistic path for SERGHEI to be ready for the upcoming European exascale systems.We focus on the SERGHEI-SWE module which solves 2D shallow-water equation. We show that this fully operational module is performance-portable across CPUs and GPUs in several TOP500 systems, as well as first results on portability across GPU vendors.  We discuss the computational performance on benchmark problems and show its scalability into the range of hundreds of scientific-grade GPUs. Additionally, we show first results of performance of the upcoming transport module in SERGHEI, and discuss the computational implications and outlook considering further integration of new modules and solvers in SERGHEI.   
Alerting technologies to save lives in Forest Fires are effective with technology redundancies and multilingual CAP Event Terms basis. Design for worldwide consumer electronics adoption is preferable to reduce costs.
Authors: Bell Frank
Published: March 2023

California wild and forest fires in 2017 resulted in over 100 fatalities. While WEA alerts were transmitted to mobiles in selected areas, the power and network outages limited their delivery. WEA is similar to the SMS Broadcast system used elsewhere. It does not require subscription, and can be geotargeted, usually by map polygon. There are already available and in development other alerting technologies. The Emergency Alert System on radio and TV in the U.S. has been in use for many years. It is a broadcast break-in system the overrides program content. This was used in one location for the wildfires, but not elsewhere as geotargeting is not possible with this system. It is and analog broadcast technology architecture. AM and FM Broadcast in the U.S. now has HD Radio that is mixed analog and digital. A limited data message can be carried and used for selective delivery of messages. DAB, DAB+ and DRM also can carry a message payload, which can be used for a selective delivery mechanism when the receiver has location position. This may be in a vehicle radio/navigation system. The current digital television system in the U.S. and some other countries is now being replaced by ATSC 3.0. This provided a superior modulation format, Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) for delivery of program content and alerts to suitable mobiles.  An IC for UHF reception and prototype mobiles have been developed. No external antenna is required. Bothe of these new technologies are tested as delivering alerts independently of the mobile network. Within the limitations of radio and TV propagation, such capabilities would provide technology redundancy. The television signal propagation may be limited in rural areas, but ATSC 3.0 is capable of having on frequency repeaters to make a single frequency network for improved coverage of program content and alerting. Multilingual alerts based on the CAP Event Terms list with Message Formats are being provided for.
A new Near-Fault Earthquake Ground Motion Model for Iceland from Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling  
Authors: Bayat Farnaz , Kowsari Milad , Rojas Otilio , Monterrubio-Velasco Marisol , de la Puente Josep , Halldorsson Benedikt
Published: March 2023

The strongest earthquakes in Southwest Iceland take place on a large number of North-South near-vertical dextral strike-slip faults located side-by-side along the entire zone. The capital region along with multiple small towns are in close proximity or on top of this fault system, along with all infrastructure and lifelines of our modern society. As a result, seismic hazard is the highest in this region and performing a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) as the most used procedure to reduce the ruinous effects of large earthquakes is vital. A reliable PSHA requires a reliable ground motion models (GMMs) that can appropriately describe the ground shaking at any given location. However, past PSHA efforts in Iceland did not account for the complex near-fault effects in the form of long-period, high-amplitude velocity pulses that are the most damaging feature of ground motions in the near-fault region. Recently, a new 3D finite-fault system model of the entire bookshelf zone has been proposed for Southwest Iceland. The model has been balanced against the rate of the tectonic plate motions and its seismic activity has been shown to be variable along the entire zone. Given the unknown fault locations, the model allows both for deterministic and random fault locations, and each fault is completely specified in terms of its maximum magnitude, its dimensions and its long-term slip and moment rate. In collaboration with ChEESE project, a realization of a 3000-year finite-fault earthquake catalogue based on the 3D finite-fault system model has been implemented in the CyberShake platform and the ground motion of each earthquake have been simulated for a dense grid of 594 stations. The simulation has been carried out on high-performance computing systems of the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre in Spain. The variation of hypocentral locations and slip distribution on each finite-fault has produced 18 million event-station pairs of synthetic two-horizontal-component low-frequency ground motion time histories that have just become available, those that are simulated less than 40 km from the faults contain near-fault high-amplitude velocity pulses at larger magnitudes, where actual data is nonexistent in Iceland (i.e., above 6.5). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use a new and vast near-fault dataset of synthetic ground motions to develop a near-fault GMM using an advanced Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling (BHM) for Southwest Iceland.  
A first look at the calibration of near-fault motion models to synthetic big data from CyberShake’s application to the Southwest Iceland transform zone
Authors: Bayat Farnaz , Kowsari Milad , Rojas Otilio , Monterrubio-Velasco Marisol , de la Puente Josep , Halldorsson Benedikt
Published: March 2023

The strongest earthquakes in Iceland take place in its two large transform zones, the largest being up to magnitude 7.1. As a result, the earthquake hazard in Iceland is the highest in the transform zone. The capital region along with multiple small towns are either in close proximity or on top of the Southwest Iceland transform zone. As a result, the seismic risk is the highest in this region. A new physical 3D finite-fault system model has been developed that model strike-slip faulting in the transform zone as occurring on an array of north-south, near-vertical, dextral strike-slip faults and distributed along the entire transform zone with inter-fault distances ranging from 0.5-5 km. It is well-established that for near-vertical strike-slip faults, large-amplitude and long-period velocity pulses are found in the direction parallel and normal to the fault strike, respectively. The former is due to permanent tectonic displacement as a result of fault slip, and the latter is due to directivity effects. While the former is concentrated in close proximity to the fault and in particular the location of largest subevent of slip on the fault, the directivity pulse is found close to the fault ends and further away along the strike direction, either away from one end or both depending on if the fault rupture is uni- or bilateral, respectively. The forward directivity effect is generally considered to be the most damaging feature of the ground motions, particularly for long-period structures in the near-fault region. The recorded near-fault data in Iceland, however, is relatively sparse, making it difficult to accurately capture the physical characteristics of near-fault ground motions. However, in the ChEESE project we have implemented the new 3D finite-fault system into the CyberShake simulation platform and applied in the kinematic rupture modelling and the corresponding ground motion time history simulation. As a result, we have produced a vast dataset of synthetic ground motion time histories for Southwest Iceland. The synthetic dataset now contains near all possible permutations of near-fault effects and will now be parametrized to reveal the scaling of key near-fault ground motion parameters (e.g., amplitude of pseudo-acceleration spectral, peak ground velocity, and the period of the near-fault pulses) associated with the source (fault slip distribution, and fault plane geometry). This parametrization will increase our understanding of near-fault ground motion and allow the development of simple, but physically realistic near-fault GMM that find practical application in physics-based PSHA.