bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On language and its limits
Authors: Pablé Adrian
Published: February 2022

I consider three positions regarding the limits of language: two (mutually incompatible) ‘segregational’ approaches, which I will contrast with the ‘integrational’ approach advocated by Roy Harris. I shall argue that an integrationist construal of the limits of language cannot be dissociated from the Harrisian concept of ‘radical indeterminacy’. The latter notion is highly controversial within the linguistic orthodoxy, as it sponsors the idea that ‘languages’ qua describable objects are theoretically redundant. In other words, human communication does not involve ‘languages’ from an integrational point of view. However, it is the very notion of ‘a language’ which makes it possible for linguists and philosophers to discuss the limits of language in the first place. My position, in turn, is that the notion of English (German, etc.) as having limits originates in decontextualized analyses at both the lay and professional levels of linguistic inquiry. I thus support the thesis that the limits of language cannot be contemplated independently of the human communicational infrastructure and that these limits are co-extensive with personal linguistic experience.
Contracting, expanding and integrating translation: who and where to draw the line?
Authors: Kwok Sinead
Published: February 2022

This paper looks into the many-sided debate on the definition and thus delimitation of translation, extending over a generalized conception of translation as interlingual meaning transfer, a linguistically-centered expansion of translation, a modal orientation of translation, as well as a semiotic reform of translation. It is contended that the many ‘expansionist’ attempts at redefining translation, albeit bringing about a refreshing departure from the rigid, traditional concept at first blush, are either still predisposed to the translation myth (a manifestation of the language myth), or reliant on decontextualization and depersonalization. An integrationist critique on some major trends in the redefinition of translation will be offered in this paper, as well as an introduction to an integrationist view of translation.
"Racializar" a Linguística ou questionar o verbo "racializar"?
Authors: Nascimento Gabriel
Published: February 2022

É muito comum, sobretudo nesta atual geração de pesquisadores dos estudos linguísticos, o uso da palavra ‘racializar’ como problematização do racismo nos estudos de linguagem em geral. Boa parte desses usos também tem ocorrido no Norte global, com o uso de termos como languaging race ou racing language (ALIM, 2016), que Severo (2019) nomeia como “linguistificação da raça” ou  “discursivização racial da língua”. Porém, a palavra que mais tem crescido é justamente o termo “racializar” que, entre seus mais diversos usos, tem sido usado como forma positiva de marcar o sujeito branco e o racismo por trás das instituições. Eu mesmo, em Autor (2019), propus racializar a branquitude no discurso. Neste ensaio me proponho a debater criticamente os mais diversos usos de racializar para, a partir daí, propor uma crítica ao termo, tendo em vista seus limites.
Occupational Therapy Scope of Practice
Authors:   American Occupational Therapy Association
Published: February 2022

The Occupational Therapy Scope of Practice is an updated position statement from the American Occupational Therapy Association that defines the scope of practice in occupational therapy and provides a model definition of occupational therapy to promote uniform standards and professional mobility across state occupational therapy statutes and regulations. It is intended to serve as a resource for consumers, health care providers, educators, the community, funding agencies, payers, referral sources, and policymakers.
Experiences of family members caring for mentally ill relatives at uMsunduzi Municipality in the province of KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Mjajubana Avela
Published: February 2022

Background Individuals diagnosed with mental illness differ due to treatment approaches and the difference in diagnoses and symptoms. Mental illness does not only affect relationships, occupation, recreation and finances, but also the overall routine of the individual’s daily life and the lives of their family members. The shortage of skilled and experienced health workers, lack of facilities, limited psychiatric care and inaccessible mental health care services are causes of concern. The uMsunduzi Municipality in Northern KwaZulu-Natal is one such outlying area, with limited access to health services and resources, where family members have to take care of the mentally ill. These underlying problems have warranted the need to explore the experiences of family members living with mentally ill relatives. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to explore and describe family members’ experiences of caring for their mentally ill relatives and to identify their coping strategies. Methodology A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design was used to explore and describe the experiences of family members living with mentally ill patients in the uMsunduzi Municipality and purposive sampling was used to select participants .Data was collected by in-depth face to face one-on-one interviews with 20 family members caring for mentally ill patients and the findings were analysed using Tesch’s method of data analysis. Findings Three major themes that emerged from the data analysis were a) caring for a mentally ill relative, b) challenges arising from caring for a mentally ill relative and c) family members’ coping mechanisms with caring for a mentally ill relative). Conclusion This study showed that the research setting, a rural area in the uMsunduzi Municipality, needs resources to assist family members who care for their mentally ill relatives. It further revealed that the family members were inexperienced, lacking the skills, knowledge and capacity to care, treat and rehabilitate their loved ones. Compounded by inadequate mental health facilities and infrastructure, the implications of the non-implementation of the acts, policies, processes and procedure in the mental health discourse are evidently cause for concern in the uMsunduzi Municipality.
Online Instructional Scaffolding and Needs Satisfaction in COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from University Students in Ghana
Authors: Dampson* Dandy George , Mahama Inuusah , Antwi-Danso Stephen , Eshun Peter , Addai-Mununkum Richardson
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of education including lecturers and students’ engagements. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of online instructional scaffolding on needs satisfaction as experienced by regular undergraduate students in Ghana. Using the descriptive-quantitative research design, the study surveyed 738 students using an online learning platform (VClass). The students were asked to respond to the adapted online instructional scaffolding scale developed by Cho and Cho (2016) and the needs satisfaction scale developed by Johnston and Finney (2010). The data gathered with the adapted scales were analyzed quantitatively using frequencies and percentages and standard linear regression. The study revealed that the majority of the students experienced low levels of online instructional scaffolding (n=259; 35.1%) and needs satisfaction (n=254; 34.4%). Also, it was found that online instructional scaffolding significantly predicted the need satisfaction of students (?=.45, p=.000). It was concluded that the low levels of online instructional scaffolding and needs satisfaction experienced by students are probable precursors to low academic engagement and commitment. Therefore, there is the need to re-orient both lecturers and students to the benefits of online learning so that they could maximize its usage.
Test of Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium Dc.) With Dpph (1.1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazil) Trapping Method And Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
Authors: Ira Syaputri  , Ermi Girsang  , Linda Chiuman
Published: February 2022

Utilization of bioavailability according to World Health Organization (WHO) records is very large, it is estimated that almost 80% of mankind, especially in developing countries, still use plants as medicinal ingredients to maintain their health (Nugraheni, 2007). Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) which belongs to the Rutaceae tribe which is one of the plants known to the Batak community, is classified as a wild plant and is a typical plant of Province North Sumatra. The method used in this research is experimental research. The research included collecting and processing andaliman fruit, making simplicia, making ethanol extracts, and examining antioxidant activity tests using the DPPH free radical scavenging method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) and antibacterial activity using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. The results of the antibacterial activity test of the ethanolic extract of andaliman fruit showed that the extract had antibacterial activity in the moderate category at a concentration of 300 mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 10.17 mm for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and a moderate category for Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria with an inhibition zone of 10.80 mm. The ethanol extract of andaliman fruit can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, effective at a concentration of 300 mg/ml with inhibitory diameters of 10.17 mm and 10.80 mm, respectively.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE TYPOLOGY OF PRIMARY SYSTEMIC SPEECH UNDER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tyshchenko Vladyslav
Published: February 2022

The article considers the issue of the typology of speech development disorders that belong to the group of primary systemic speech underdevelopment (PSSU). The current state of science and practice development of speech-language pathology (SLP) allows us to identify within the once unified nosology several separate pathologies of speech activity which require separate study and use of differential methods for their diagnosis and overcoming.
The author analyzes the historical way of forming scientific thought about alalia as a primary systemic underdevelopment of speech. He draws attention to some inaccuracies that have resulted from a certain inconsistency of the positions of individual scientists on the one hand, and the inertia of SLP practice on the other. This actually contributed to the consolidation in the SLP of somewhat outdated ideas about the nature of systemic speech underdevelopment and the variability of its expression in the speech activity of children. Outdated classifications inherited from the former USSR do not keep pace with the current pace of SLP development and do not fully reflect the state of our ideas about the nature and diversity of speech pathologies studied today. The author uses psycholinguistic approach to the analysis of PSSU, particularly for researching psychological mechanisms of speech associated with the functioning of the anterior and posterior tertiary fields of the dominant hemisphere, their role in the pathogenesis of different variants of motor alleles. This allowed the author to identify 10 separate disorders, 6 of them belonging to PSSU. Author raises the issue of making changes to the existing clinical and pedagogical classification and its coordination with the psychological and pedagogical classification of speech disorders currently used in domestic SLP practice. In particular, the author argues the necessity of introduction of speech disorders like apraxia and dyspraxia as separate nosologies into the classification as one of the variants of sound disorders; paraalalia as a separate form of PSSU and two variants of general speech underdevelopment with a predominant disorder in the assimilation of syntagmatic and paradigmatic organization of language signs, previously referred to as general speech underdevelopment of unknown etiology.
CONTROVERSIAL LEGAL BASIS FOR FORMING IN FUTURE MEDICAL INDUSTRY SPECIALISTS THE IDEAOFPATIENTS’ RIGHTS PROTECTION WHEN CARRYING OUT MEDICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Kharkivskyi Valerii
Published: February 2022

A number of scientific medical publications on the legal support of the medical field is analyzed. The historical aspect of treatment and protection of patients' rights from Antiquity to the present is characterized. The use of experiments by modern theorists and practitioners of medical discoveries, in particular regarding the treatment of diseases, prevention of risks of their spread or complications is substantiated. The author of the article presents and analyzes a number of legal documents, acts of different levels and legal nature, which protect the rights ofa patient during medical research. The groups of rights and responsibilities of patients during participation in medical researches according to their main purpose are defined. The article analyzes the draft law "On Protection of Patients' Rights" by Yu. Karakaiev, which emphasizes the values of medical ethics and identifies mechanisms for the implementation of constitutional rights of citizens to health care and medical care. Article 9 of the Law ‘On the Protection of Patients' Rights’ states "the patient's right to freedom of choice", so every patient has the right to make an informed choice during treatment, as their rights are governed by both mandatory acts and recommendations. The key responsibilities of medical practitioners have been identified, including health and safety of life, privacy and confidentiality. The author draws attention to the need to adhere to the concept of informed patient consent to participate in the study.It was found out that for future specialists in medical field the formation of the idea of protecting the rights of patients during medical research should be based on generally accepted principles, moral and ethical values. The principles of medical care oblige future medical professionals to act for the benefit of their patients, not to cause harm, to prescribe treatment, to ensure that professional activities meet modern standards. Future specialists in the medical field must adhere to the main goal of professional medical activity in order to protect the rights and interests of patients and other professionals in the field. It is determined that human rights are a priority for human development. The scientist proves that although a large number of legal documents have been created regarding the protection of patients' rights, the issue of human health remains and will be relevant in the future.
CURRENT SITUATION AND POTENTIAL OF USING ICF-CY IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Horishna Nadiya , Slozanska Anna
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the current state and potential of using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) to ensure the educational process of students with special educational needs (SEN) in comprehensive secondary schools in Ukraine. To conduct the study, the format of a desk study was applied, which made it possible to collect information about the use of ICF-CY to support inclusive education in Ukraine and abroad and process it by applying scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization. It was found out that ICF-CY can be used to determine the educational needs of students, plan interventions, organize interdisciplinary interaction, monitor the effectiveness of services and results of the intervention, inform and shape policy in the field of inclusive education.
Despite the obvious practical value of the ICF-CY and the legislative authority to integrate it in the Ukrainian educational system, its implementation is not very efficient and is being hampered by a number of both internal and external factors. The main internal barrier of using ICF-CY in inclusive education is associated with an insufficiently complete list of environmental factors affecting the functioning of the child. External barriers include the lack of tools for collecting and evaluating information about the impact of the environment on the functioning of students developed based on ICF-CY, inadequate training of specialists to use it, and unadjusted mechanisms for cooperation between educational institutions, medical, social services to obtain a holistic view of the functioning of students.
The implementation of ICF-CY in inclusive education will be facilitated by its legal regulation in educational legislation; mastering the skills of ICF-CY application by the students of pedagogical faculties; creation of the guide on ICF-CY for the teams of psychological and pedagogical support of children with SEN; implementation of an informational campaign aimed at explaining the philosophy and principles of the ICF-CY; development of tools for assessing the impact of the environment on the functioning of students with SEN based on ICF-CY; implementation in educational institutions of the procedures for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions planned on the basis of the results of the evaluation of functioning using the ICF-CY.
Controle de estoque na situação econômico-financeira de uma empresa
Authors: Ruiz Pinto Evelyn Anaika , Tuanama Alegría Marjory , Soto Abanto Segundo Eloy , Villafuerte de la Cruz Avelino Sebastián
Published: February 2022

O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar o efeito do controle de estoque sobre a situação econômico-financeira da moenda San Hilarión, estudo de 2020 que apresentou artigos científicos orientados e publicados na EBSCO com base nos últimos 5 anos. Metodologia: É do tipo aplicada porque contou com contribuições teóricas para soluções alternativas, com abordagem quantitativa, âmbito descritivo, transversal e desenho não experimental porque as variáveis ​​não foram manipuladas. Em decorrência do exposto, constatou-se que as perdas ocasionadas pelo inadequado controle de estoques na organização são de S / 46.052,00, o que repercutiu na situação econômico-financeira gerando um efeito negativo na situação econômico-financeira de uma empresa de moagem San Hilarión, 2020. A investigação conclui que, de acordo com a análise efectuada, a empresa identificou o nível de inventário de uma empresa de moagem em que era inadequado em 30%, regular em 55% e adequado em 15%. A nível dimensional, na entrada de produtos é regular em 55%, no manuseamento de produtos é regular em 55%, na saída de produtos é regular em 80%.
Consumo de ansiolíticos benzodiazepínicos durante a pandemia de COVID-19: um estudo remoto com estudantes universitários
Authors: Bruna Andrade Fontes  , Pablo Mateus dos Santos Jacinto  , Renan Vieira de Santana Rocha
Published: February 2022

Problemas associados às ansiedades e ao ciclo sono-vigília são costumeiros na população brasileira. Nesta pandemia, contudo, suspeita-se do possível aumento destes quadros, destacando-se a população de estudantes universitários brasileiros. O presente estudo intenta, assim, coletar e analisar dados acerca do consumo de ansiolíticos benzodiazepínicos por parte de jovens universitários, durante o período de pandemia da COVID-19, possibilitando a construção de um perfil epidemiológico focalizado desta população. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo Survey on-line, que teve como público-foco estudantes universitários baianos, que participaram voluntariamente da pesquisa. Os resultados indicam um aumento de 25% no número de estudantes universitários que começaram a fazer uso de ansiolíticos benzodiazepínicos durante a pandemia da COVID-19, e que 8% destes fazem automedicação, evidenciando a necessidade de ações em saúde por parte das instituições de ensino superior que, se negligenciadas, podem resultar em problemas como adoecimento mental, conflitos nas relações interpessoais e evasão do ambiente universitário.
La importancia de las redes sociales en las MiPyMES en tiempos de Covid-19: caso de estudio Orizaba, Veracruz, México
Authors: Quezada-Fadanelli María Edith , Ruiz-Contreras Gabriel , Munguía-Martínez Marlene
Published: February 2022

Como causa de la pandemia del COVID-19 el mundo sufrió grandes repercusiones en diferentes ámbitos, los países en vías de desarrollo fueron los más afectados, el caso de México no fue la excepción; diversas empresas se vieron en la necesidad de cerrar definitivamente y otras incursionaron en la era tecnológica. Teniendo como antecedente el contexto anterior surge el interés de realizar un estudio que muestra la importancia de las redes sociales en las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (MiPyMES), siendo un factor importante para poder competir en un mercado global donde las tecnologías de información y comunicaciones (TIC) son una herramienta primordial para la operatividad de una empresa. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar cómo usan las redes sociales las unidades económicas de la región de Orizaba, Veracruz, México. El tipo de investigación es cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal, se aplicó un cuestionario en línea a 78 empresarios. Los resultados exponen un crecimiento en las ventas de aquellas que tienen de 2 a 3 años utilizando las redes sociales para promocionar su negocio y/o producto, la red más utilizada es Facebook y el principal uso es para la promoción de un producto o servicio.
Motivación docente y desempeño laboral en Pachiza, San Martín – Perú
Authors: Saavedra Sandoval Jorge Washington , Santillán Guzmán Katherin , Saavedra Sandoval Renán
Published: February 2022

El presente estudio describe y explica el grado de correlación entre la motivación docente y su desempeño laboral, analizando el nivel de desarrollo de cada una de las variables. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la motivación docente y su desempeño laboral en las Instituciones Educativas de la localidad de Pachiza. Para ello, se elaboró una encuesta para valorar el nivel de motivación docente con 12 ítems y una ficha de observación con 18 ítems para medir el desempeño laboral; se empleó el diseño no experimental-transversal-correlacional y el coeficiente de Pearson con una muestra de 20 docentes, seleccionados de manera no probabilística. Los resultados descriptivos indican que el 65% de los docentes tiene una motivación alta; el 35% restante de los docentes evidencian una motivación media; no obstante, el 75% de los docentes evidencian desempeño laboral aceptable; el 15% de los docentes evidencian un desempeño laboral deficiente; y solamente el 10% restante de los docentes evidencian un buen desempeño laboral. En el análisis correlacional, se obtuvo una asociación positiva moderada y alta entre dichas variables de estudio. En efecto, la relación entre la motivación docente y su desempeño laboral en las Instituciones Educativas de la localidad de Pachiza, durante el periodo 2021 es de 0,81; es decir, existe una relación alta con dirección positiva; lo cual significa, que los docentes que tienen un buen nivel de motivación interna y externa están asociados positivamente con su desempeño laboral, tanto a nivel de sus funciones pedagógicas y sociales.
Davsur research ethics task force: addressing the research ethical issues in the conduct of research activties in Deped Division of Davao del sur
Authors: Heruela Kirk Sonny Gil P.
Published: February 2022

This action research aimed to explore how the division research ethics mechanism as an intervention addressed the research ethical issues in the conduct of researches in the division. The conduct of this research involved the district research coordinators, selected participants of researches, and selected researchers. Also, survey questionnaires, interviews, rubrics and research manuscripts were used in analyzing effectiveness of the intervention. Results revealed that the level of practice on the research ethics mechanism in districts became higher, research manuscripts became more observant to the research ethics principles, researchers became more observant of the research ethics principles, and participants of various research participants felt safer and comfortable in responding to researches. With this, it is recommended that this mechanism shall be established and mobilized to all levels of governance, and orientation and workshop on the implementation of the research ethics mechanism will be conducted.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E INCLUSÃO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR:
Authors: Gallert Claudia , Lewandowski Jacqueline Maria Duarte , De Góes Eliane Pinto , Ferreira Jessica Fernanda Wessler , Bondezan Andreia Nakamura
Published: February 2022

A reserva de vagas para pessoas com deficiência em processos seletivos é uma política afirmativa para garantir acesso ao ensino superior. O Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR) possui relevância nesse contexto pois oferta ensino superior e reserva vagas para pessoas com deficiência. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo quali-quantitativo da efetivação da política de reserva de vagas para o público em questão no IFPR entre 2009 e 2019, que analisou a legislação sobre o tema e sua implantação nos editais de processos seletivos para o ensino superior na instituição durante o período investigado. O estudo permitiu, ainda, observar a expansão da oferta de ensino superior no IFPR e suas relações com a reserva de vagas para pessoas com deficiência. Como resultado, a pesquisa demonstrou a existência de três períodos temporais em relação à reserva de vagas para pessoas com deficiência no IFPR: anterior à Lei de Cotas, publicada em 2012; entre a Lei de Cotas e sua alteração em 2016; e após a alteração da Lei de Cotas. Verificou-se a ampliação da reserva de vagas para pessoas com deficiência no ensino superior na instituição de 4,11% em 2012 para 20,85% em 2019; e a expansão desse nível de ensino de 413 vagas, em 17 cursos e 04 campi em 2012, para 2.724 vagas, em 71 cursos e 20 campi em 2019. Os dados evidenciam a relevância da instituição no acesso das pessoas com deficiência ao ensino superior no Paraná.
From the middle stratosphere to the surface, using nitrous oxide to constrain the stratosphere–troposphere exchange of ozone
Authors: Ruiz Daniel J. , Prather Michael J.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) is an important source of
tropospheric ozone, affecting all of atmospheric chemistry, climate, and air quality. The study of impacts needs STE fluxes to be resolved by latitude and month, and for this, we rely on global chemistry models, whose results diverge greatly. Overall, we lack guidance from model–measurement metrics that inform us about processes and patterns related to the STE flux of ozone (O3). In this work, we use modeled tracers (N2O and CFCl3), whose distributions and budgets can be constrained by satellite and surface
observations, allowing us to follow stratospheric signals across the
tropopause. The satellite-derived photochemical loss of N2O on annual
and quasi-biennial cycles can be matched by the models. The STE flux of
N2O-depleted air in our chemistry transport model drives surface
variability that closely matches observed fluctuations on both annual and
quasi-biennial cycles, confirming the modeled flux. The observed tracer
correlations between N2O and O3 in the lowermost stratosphere
provide a hemispheric scaling of the N2O STE flux to that of
O3. For N2O and CFCl3, we model greater southern hemispheric
STE fluxes, a result supported by some metrics, but counter to the prevailing theory of wave-driven stratospheric circulation. The STE flux of O3, however, is predominantly northern hemispheric, but evidence shows that this is caused by the Antarctic ozone hole reducing southern hemispheric O3 STE by 14 %. Our best estimate of the current STE O3 flux based on a range of constraints is 400 Tg(O3) yr−1, with a 1σ uncertainty of ±15 % and with a NH : SH ratio ranging from 50:50 to 60:40. We identify a range of observational metrics that can better constrain the modeled STE O3 flux in future assessments.
A climatology of open and closed mesoscale cellular convection over the Southern Ocean derived from Himawari-8 observations
Authors: Lang Francisco , Ackermann Luis , Huang Yi , Truong Son C. H. , Siems Steven T. , Manton Michael J.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Marine atmospheric boundary layer clouds cover vast areas of the Southern Ocean (SO), where they are commonly organized into mesoscale cellular convection (MCC). Using 3 years of Himawari-8 geostationary satellite observations, open and closed MCC structures are identified using a hybrid convolutional neural network. The results of the climatology show that open MCC clouds are roughly uniformly distributed over the SO storm track across midlatitudes, while closed MCC clouds are most predominant in the southeast Indian Ocean, with a second maximum along the storm track. The ocean polar front, derived from ECMWF-ERA5 sea surface temperature gradients, is found to be aligned with the southern boundaries for both MCC types. Along the storm track, both closed and open MCCs are commonly located in post-frontal, cold air masses. The hourly classification of closed MCC reveals a pronounced daily cycle, with a peak occurring late night/early morning. Seasonally, the diurnal cycle of closed MCC is most intense during the summer months (December–February; DJF). Conversely, almost no diurnal cycle is evident for open MCC.
A study of Mie scattering modelling for mixed phase Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Authors: Cairo Francesco , Deshler Terry , Di Liberto Luca , Scoccione Andrea , Snels Marcel
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Mie scattering codes are used to study the optical properties of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC). Backscattering and extinction can be computed once the particle size distribution (PSD) is known and a suitable refractive index is assumed. However, PSCs often appear as external mixtures of Supercooled Ternary Solution (STS) droplets, solid Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) and possibly ice particles, making questionable the use of Mie theory with a single refractive index and with the underlying assumption of spherical scatterers. Here we consider a set of fifteen coincident measurements of PSC above McMurdo Station, Antarctica, by ground-based lidar and balloon-borne Optical Particle Counters (OPC), and in situ observations taken by a laser backscattersonde and an OPC during four balloon stratospheric flights from Kiruna, Sweden. This unique dataset of microphysical and optical observations allows to test the performances of Mie theory under fairly reasonable corrections when aspherical scatterers are present. Here we consider particles as STS if their radius is below a certain threshold value Rth and NAT or possibly ice if above it. The refractive indexes are assumed known from literature. Moreover, the Mie result for solid particles are reduced by a factor C < 1, which takes into account the backscattering depression expected from the asphericity. Finally, we consider the fraction X of the backscattering from the aspherical part of the PSD as polarized, and the remaining (1-X) as depolarized. The three parameters Rth, C and X of our model are chosen to provide the best match with the observed optical backscattering and depolarization. The comparison of the calculations with the measures is satisfactory for the backscattering but not for the depolarization, and possible causes are discussed. The results of this work help to understand the limits of the application of Mie theory in modeling the optical response of particles of different composition and morphology.
The role of cover crops for cropland soil carbon, nitrogen leaching, and agricultural yields – a global simulation study with LPJmL (V. 5.0-tillage-cc)
Authors: Porwollik Vera , Rolinski Susanne , Heinke Jens , von Bloh Werner , Schaphoff Sibyll , Müller Christoph
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Land management practices can reduce the environmental impact of
agricultural land use and production, improve productivity, and transform
cropland into carbon sinks. In our study we assessed the biophysical and
biogeochemical impacts and the potential contribution of cover crop
practices to sustainable land use. We applied the process-based, global
dynamic vegetation model LPJmL (Lund–Potsdam–Jena managed Land) V. 5.0-tillage-cc with a modified representation
of cover crops to simulate the growth of grasses on cropland in periods
between two consecutive main crops' growing seasons for near-past climate
and land use conditions. We quantified simulated responses of agroecosystem
components to cover crop cultivation in comparison to bare-soil fallowing
practices on global cropland for a period of 50 years. For cover crops with tillage, we obtained annual global median soil carbon
sequestration rates of 0.52 and 0.48 t C ha−1 yr−1 for the first
and last decades of the entire simulation period, respectively. We found
that cover crops with tillage reduced annual nitrogen leaching rates from
cropland soils by medians of 39 % and 54 % but also the productivity of
the following main crop by an average of 1.6 % and 2 % for the 2 analyzed decades. The largest reductions in productivity were found for rice and modestly lowered ones for maize and wheat, whereas the soybean yield revealed an
almost homogenously positive response to cover crop practices replacing bare-soil fallow periods. The obtained simulation results of cover crop with tillage
practices exhibit a good ability of the model version to reproduce observed
effects reported in other studies. Further, the results suggest that
having no tillage is a suitable complementary practice to cover crops, enhancing
soil carbon sequestration and the reduction in nitrogen leaching, while
reducing potential trade-offs with the main-crop productivity due to their
impacts on soil nitrogen and water dynamics. The spatial heterogeneity of simulated impacts of cover crops on the
variables assessed here was related to the time period since the
introduction of the management practice as well as to environmental and
agronomic conditions of the cropland. This study supports findings of other
studies, highlighting the substantial potential contribution of cover crop
practices to the sustainable development of arable production.
Late Pleistocene glacial chronologies and paleoclimate in the northern Rocky Mountains
Authors: Quirk Brendon J. , Huss Elizabeth , Laabs​​​​​​​ Benjamin J. C. , Leonard Eric , Licciardi Joseph , Plummer Mitchell A. , Caffee Marc W.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The geologic record of mountain glaciations is a robust indicator of terrestrial paleoclimate change. During the last glaciation, mountain ranges across the western US hosted glaciers while the Cordilleran and Laurentide
ice sheets flowed to the west and east of the continental divide,
respectively. Records detailing the chronologies and paleoclimate
significance of these ice advances have been developed for many sites across
North America. However, relatively few glacial records have been developed
for mountain glaciers in the northern Rocky Mountains near former ice sheet
margins. Here, we report cosmogenic beryllium-10 surface exposure ages and
numerical glacier modeling results, which show that mountain glaciers in the
northern Rockies abandoned terminal moraines after the end of the global
Last Glacial Maximum around 17–18 ka and could have been sustained by −10 to −8.5 ∘C temperature depressions relative to modern assuming
similar or less than modern precipitation. Additionally, we present a
deglacial chronology from the northern Rocky Mountains that indicates while
there is considerable variability in initial moraine abandonment ages across the Rocky Mountains, the pace of subsequent ice retreat through the
late glacial exhibits some regional coherence. Our results provide insight on potential regional mechanisms driving the initiation of and sustained
deglaciation in the western US, including rising atmospheric CO2 and
ice sheet collapse.
Sedimentary microplankton distributions are shaped by oceanographically connected areas
Authors: Nooteboom Peter D. , Bijl Peter K. , Kehl Christian , van Sebille Erik , Ziegler Martin , von der Heydt Anna S. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Having descended through the water column, microplankton in ocean sediments is representative of the ocean surface environment, where it originated. Sedimentary microplankton is therefore used as an archive of past and present surface oceanographic conditions. However, these particles are advected by turbulent ocean currents during their sinking journey. So far, it is unknown to what extent this particle advection shapes the microplankton composition in sediments. Here we use global simulations of sinking particles in a strongly eddying global ocean model, and define ocean bottom provinces based on the particle surface origin locations. We find that these provinces can be detected in global datasets of sedimentary microplankton assemblages, demonstrating the effect provincialism has on the composition of sedimentary remains of surface plankton. These provinces explain the microplankton composition, in addition to, e.g., the ocean surface environment. Connected provinces have implications for the optimal spatial extent of microplankton sediment sample datasets that are used for palaeoceanographic reconstruction, and for the optimal spatial averaging of sediment samples over global datasets.
Comparison of soil production, chemical weathering, and physical erosion rates along a climate and ecological gradient (Chile) to global observations
Authors: Schaller Mirjam , Ehlers Todd A.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Weathering of bedrock to produce regolith is essential for sustaining life
on Earth and global biogeochemical cycles. The rate of this process is
influenced not only by tectonics, but also by climate and biota. We present
new data on soil production, chemical weathering, and physical erosion rates from the large climate and ecological gradient of the Chilean Coastal
Cordillera (26 to 38∘ S). Four Chilean study areas are investigated and span (from north to south) arid (Pan de Azúcar),
semi-arid (Santa Gracia), Mediterranean (La Campana), and temperate humid
(Nahuelbuta) climate zones. Observed soil production rates in granitoid
soil-mantled hillslopes range from ∼7 to 290 t km−2 yr−1 and are lowest in the sparsely vegetated and arid north and highest in the Mediterranean setting. Calculated chemical weathering rates range from zero in the arid north to a high of 211 t km−2 yr−1 in the Mediterranean zone. Chemical weathering rates are moderate in the semi-arid and temperate humid zones (∼20 to 50 t km−2 yr−1). Similarly, physical erosion rates are lowest in the arid zone (∼11 t km−2 yr−1) and highest in the Mediterranean climate zone (∼91 t km−2 yr−1). The contribution of chemical weathering to total denudation rates is lower in the arid north than further south. However, due to heterogeneities in lithologies and Zr concentrations, reported chemical weathering rates and chemical depletion fractions are affected by large uncertainties. Comparison of Chilean results to published global data collected from hillslope settings underlain by granitoid lithologies documents similar patterns in soil production, chemical weathering, and total denudation rates for varying mean annual precipitation and vegetation cover amounts. We discuss the Chilean and global data in the light of contending model frameworks in the literature and find that observed variations in soil production rates bear the closest resemblance to models explicitly accounting for variations in soil thickness and biomass.
Untangling irrigation effects on maize water and heat stress alleviation using satellite data
Authors: Zhu Peng , Burney Jennifer
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Irrigation has important implications for sustaining global food production by enabling crop water demand to be met even under dry conditions.
Added water also cools crop plants through transpiration; irrigation might
thus play an important role in a warmer climate by simultaneously moderating water and high temperature stresses. Here we used satellite-derived evapotranspiration estimates, land surface temperature (LST) measurements, and crop phenological stage information from Nebraska maize to quantify how irrigation relieves both water and temperature stresses. Unlike air temperature metrics, satellite-derived LST revealed a significant irrigation-induced cooling effect, especially during the grain filling period (GFP) of crop growth. This cooling appeared to extend the maize growing season, especially for GFP, likely due to the stronger temperature sensitivity of phenological development during this stage. Our analysis also revealed that irrigation not only reduced water and temperature stress but also weakened the response of yield to these stresses. Specifically, temperature stress was significantly weakened for reproductive processes in irrigated maize. Attribution analysis further suggested that water and high temperature stress alleviation was responsible for 65±10 % and 35±5.3 % of the irrigation yield benefit, respectively. Our study underlines the relative importance of high temperature stress alleviation in yield improvement and the necessity of simulating crop surface temperature to better quantify heat stress effects in crop yield models. Finally, considering the potentially strong interaction between water and heat stress, future research on irrigation benefits should explore the interaction effects between heat and drought alleviation.
USING SATELLITE INFORMATION IN AGROMETEOROLOGICAL FORECASTING
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, STRASHNAYA A. I. , BEREZA O. V. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

The joint use of satellite and ground-based data for monitoring the major grain crops during the autumn and spring-summer vegetation periods is considered. The developed method for quantifying winter grain crop conditions at the end of the autumn vegetation (the area of winter crops in poor condition) is described. Satellite data are used to calculate average long-term dynamics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for the major grain crops in the spring-summer period. Taking into account meteorological observations, this allows assessing crop conditions as compared with those in the previous year or with the multiyear mean, in particular, in the years with droughts. Based on the revealed relationships of the NDVI with the crop yield in the regions of the European part of Russia, the periods of the most effective agrometeorological forecasting of the yield are found for the major grain crops. The developed methods for forecasting the yield of winter and all grain crops in the main grain-growing regions of the Russian Federation are presented.
ESTIMATION OF WINTER WHEAT YIELD USING THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF SATELLITE AND GROUND-BASED INFORMATION
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Meteorology, KLESHCHENKO A. D. , SAVITSKAYA O. V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Meteorology
Published: February 2022

The results of the principal component analysis application for estimating the average regional winter wheat yield based on the integration of satellite and ground meteorological information for the southern regions of the Russian Federation are presented. The satellite indices such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), VCI (Vegetation Condition Index), and satellite product LAI (Leaf Area Index) were used. Meteorological information was represented by temperature, humidity deficit, total precipitation, and the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient. The parameters that have the greatest impact on the yield were selected. The components with the largest eigenvalues were extracted from this set of parameters using the principal component analysis. Equations for the dependence of the winter wheat yield on the extracted components were calculated. To check the equations, the expected yield for the period from 2012 to 2017 was calculated. The relative error varied within 5-12%. In all cases, the yield calculation error when using the principal component analysis is smaller than when using correlation and regression dependences.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR REMOTE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSING OF THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Authors:   Planeta State Research Center on Space Hydrometeorology, USPENSKII A. B. , TIMOFEEV YU. M. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, KOZLOV D. A. ,   Keldysh Research Center, CHERNYI I. V. ,   JSC “Russian Space Systems”
Published: February 2022

The paper provides an overview of methods and technical devices for remote temperature and humidity sensing of the Earth’s atmosphere from satellites developed in Russia. A brief description of modern and forthcoming infrared and microwave atmospheric sounders installed on Meteor-M operational polar-orbiting weather satellites is given. The physical and mathematical base of interpreting measurements of atmospheric sounders (IKFS-2 infrared Fourier spectrometer and MTVZA-GYa microwave radiometer) is presented. The technologies for retrieving atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles are described. The results of retrieval validation as well as the prospects for further development of satellite remote temperature and humidity sensing systems are discussed.
USING THE RESULTS OF CLOUD CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SATELLITE DATA FOR SOLVING CLIMATOLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Authors:   Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ASTAFUROV V. G. , SKOROKHODOV A. V. ,   Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2022

Algorithms for classifying cloud images based on MODIS and VIIRS satellite data using artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic methods are considered. A combined classification of recognized cloud types is presented. The results of using the cloud classification for solving some problems of climatology and meteorology are analyzed. A statistical model of the image texture for various cloud types and physical parameters of clouds based on two-parameter distributions is proposed. A description of the algorithm for detecting weather fronts and determining their types from satellite data and the results of its testing for the territory of Western Siberia are presented. An approach to studying internal waves in the atmosphere based on the analysis of their cloud manifestation parameters is considered. The results are presented of studying the long-term variability for some of their parameters over the water area of the Kuril Islands. The methodology and results are discussed of studying the long-term variability of the structure of global cloud fields and their parameters over the natural zones of Western Siberia in summer during 2001 to 2019.
USING SATELLITE DATA ON CONVECTIVE CLOUDINESS TO ANALYZE AND PREVENT FLIGHT ACCIDENTS
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, SHAKINA N. P. , GORLACH I. A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, SKRIPTUNOVA E. N. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

Conditions are discussed of three well-known flight accidents in which deep convection has been observed (the crash of aircraft getting into the cloud system of a mesoscale convective complex; another crash in attempt to land in an area of embedded convection at the atmospheric front; ice-crystal icing of engines in an anvil cloud). In all the cases, convective clouds were clearly seen at the satellite images. The accidents could have been possibly avoided if this information, or the nowcasting results which take into account the satellite data, had been available in time to flight controllers and pilots. The state-of-art is analyzed of deep convection forecasting basing on satellite data assimilation into numerical models. A significant advancement is noted in nowcasting and very-short-range forecasting, along with some special problems of model result verification by means of their comparison against the satellite data.