bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIGH FIDELITY SIMULATION ON THE BREAKUP AND DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID JET IN CROSSFLOW WITH RECTANGULAR NOZZLES
Authors: Shao Meng , He Zhixia , Wang Qian
Published: November 2023

High fidelity simulation was carried out by ANYS software to investigate the primary breakup characteristics of liquid jet in crossflow. The influence of nozzles shapes on the breakup features and deformation characteristics of liquid column was analyzed. Air velocity ranged from 40 m/s to 80 m/s and the shape of nozzles included circular, Rectangle-A, and Rectangle-B. The results indicated that, at the higher velocity of crossflow, the surface breakup of liquid column was mainly affected by the air velocity passing through the sides, rather the sharp corner of the rectangular nozzles. As compared with the circular nozzle, the boundary of breakup regime was expanded for Rectangle-A, while it was
shrunk for Rectangle-B. In contrast to circular nozzles, the deflection of edges of liquid column was avoided for rectangular nozzles, thus preventing the shrinkage of liquid column during injection. The results of the analysis of the flow structures of crossflow showed that the air velocity in the flow direction of liquid column might be the reason for the difference of breakup regime of nozzles. In addition, the difference of windward trajectory between rectangular nozzles with the different widths was decreased as the air velocity increased.
Obtaining High Temperature Stable Sepiolite via Optimization of Acid Treatment Conditions
Authors: KARA İlknur
Published: November 2023

Acid treatment of sepiolite under different molarity of HCl at various times was studied to find the best acid treatment conditions for obtaining anhydrous sepiolite without structural folding and with fully open and empty channels. It was found that high molarity (e.g., 3 M) acid treatment causes severe acid attack and heterogeneous magnesium dissolution from sepiolite particles. In contrast, the low molarity (e.g., 0.5 M) acid treatment dissolves magnesium homogeneously through the particles. This, in turn, affects the behavior of sepiolite upon calcination at 450ºC in that homogeneous magnesium dissolution gives better structural stability and consequently higher amount of open channels with the least amount of magnesium removal (25%). This is verified by rehydration behavior and specific surface area measurements after the calcination, where over 90% of the surface area could be preserved after the calcination of the low molarity acid-treated samples. No change in the morphology of sepiolite fibers was observed after acid treatment.
Anything but the Subject, Venice Architecture Biennale 2023
Authors: Harvey Neil Morris
Published: November 2023

I present a critical review of the 2023 Venice Architecture Biennale. Init, I discuss the problematic inclusion of Architecture in a Fine Art context,and also the eccentric prioritising of sociological and environmental concernsover and above the business of architecture. This is not to say that theselatter are of great importance, but it seems that the Architecture Biennale isnot confronting the humdrum and hyper-commercial project which concerns so manyarchitects today. I finally lament the lack of imaginative technology to makethe experience of architecture more vivid. This will probably be my last reviewof the Architecture Biennale.
Internal and Internalised Borders of Havana
Authors: Lubiński Oskar Stefan
Published: November 2023

In this ethnographic snapshot, I reflect on the experience of the internal borders of Havana. I consider how these borders become internalised, impacting everyday lives and the movements of my research partners across the city. I focus on the marginalised citizens whose legal status and place of living make the borders especially apparent. My interest lies in how the internal borders are set up and embodied in the context of Cuba and reflected in everyday experiences. I use my encounter with Ramón to present the varied experiences of the border through two radically different positionalities: that of Cubans who migrated to Havana and myself as a foreigner being able to move freely through the city.
How to Increase the Nutritional Quality of Stinging Nettle Through Controlled Plant Nutrition
Authors: Dujmović Mia , Opačić Nevena , Radman Sanja , Fabek Uher Sanja , Čoga Lepomir , Petek Marko , Sandra Voća Sandra Voća , Šic Žlabur Jana
Published: November 2023

Research background. As food production faces major challenges, modern agricultural practices are increasingly focused on conserving resources, reducing negative environmental impacts and sustainably producing food with a high content of health-promoting phytochemicals. During production, many factors can affect the quality and chemical composition of a final food product. Proper selection of cultivating conditions, especially a balanced nutrition, can significantly increase nutritional value and result in foods with strong biological and functional properties. Stinging nettle is a rich source of minerals, vitamins, pigments, phenols and other bioactive compounds and can be consumed as a green leafy vegetable with beneficial effects on human health. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity of stinging nettle leaves under the influence of different nutrient solution (NS) treatments and three harvest cycles.
Experimental approach. The experiment was conducted in a floating hydroponic system in which treatments with different nutrient solutions were applied and three harvest cycles were carried out. After each harvest, the following treatments were applied: treatment 1 – depletion of nutrient solution by adding water, treatment 2 – supplementation of nutrient solution by adding initial nutrient solution and treatment 3 – correction of nutrient solution by adding nutrients. Among the bioactive compounds, minerals, ascorbic acid, phenols and photosynthetic pigments content, as well as antioxidant capacity were analysed spectrophotometrically, while individual phenols were determined by liquid chromatography.
Results and conclusions. Different nutrition solution treatments and the number of harvest cycles had a significant effect on the content of the analysed bioactive compounds. The highest mass fraction (on fresh mass basis) of total phenols expressed as gallic acid equivalents (377.04 mg/100 g), total flavonoids expressed as catechol equivalents (279.54 mg/100 g), ascorbic acid (112.37 mg/100 g) and pigments (total chlorophylls 1.84, and total carotenoids 0.36 mg/g) as well as the highest antioxidant capacity expressed as Trolox equivalents (35.47 μmol/g) were recorded in the samples supplemented with nutrient solution (treatment NS2) and analysed after the third harvest.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This is the first time that stinging nettle leaves have been produced in a floating hydroponic system by controlled plant nutrition. We have set this type of nutritional manipulation with multiple harvest cycles as an innovative technique for the production of novel food with improved nutritional value that can be consumed as green leafy vegetables.
Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of the Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) Fruits from Alpine-Dinaric region of Croatia
Authors: Sulimanec Antonija , Kragić Karla , Sekovanić Ankica , Jurasović Jasna , Panjkota Krbavčić Ines , Vahčić Nada , Vidaković Antonio , Poljak Igor , Rumora Samarin Ivana
Published: November 2023

Research background. The rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) is a small tree in the Rosaceae family with characteristic orange-red fruits. The raw fruits can be used for making jams, juices and puree, while the dried fruits are used for teas. In folk medicine, they have been used to prevent scurvy and bleeding or as a diuretic and laxative. The aim of this study is to characterize the proximate chemical composition, antioxidant potential and macro- and trace elements of the rowan fruits for their potential use as a functional food.
Experimental approach. The fruits were collected from 12 populations in the Alpine-Dinaric region of Croatia. After collection, the samples were transported to the laboratory, cut into small pieces, placed in plastic containers and stored at –20 °C until analysis. Proximate chemical composition, including ash, water, cellulose, crude fat and crude protein, was determined according to standard methods and total carbohydrates as non-structural carbohydrates. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also measured. For multielement analysis, fruits were cleaned from the dust, lyophilised, homogenised and acid-digested in a microwave system. Concentrations of elements were determined using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Results and conclusions. The basic constituents in the analysed fruits were (in %): water 76.53, total carbohydrates 17.45, crude proteins 2.98, crude fats 1.49, cellulose 1.07 and ash 1.29. On average, the TPC was 932 mg/100 g and the TAC was (60.1±14.5) % and (4.1±1.2) mmol/100 g, determined by DPPH and FRAP assay, respectively. Mass fractions of elements decreased as follows (in mg/kg): K 2485>Ca 459>P 206>Mg 193>Na 6.29>Fe 3.68>Mn 3.58>Zn 1.11>Cu 0.731>Mo 0.098>Co 0.003>Se 0.001. Compared to the literature, the phenolic and element content of the rowan fruits is similar to that of blueberry and raspberry. The obtained results suggest that rowan fruits have valuable nutritional properties and could be useful for fortification in the food industry.
Novelty and scientific contribution. The importance of the obtained results is reflected in filling in the gaps in the literature on the composition of elements, especially on the content of essential macro- and trace elements as well as the antioxidant potential of rowan fruits.
Trabajo Social y consulta previa en los pueblos indígenas de Colombia, en situaciones de exploración y explotación de recursos naturales
Authors: Peña Villamizar Martha Ligia , Sánchez Díaz Yennifer
Published: November 2023

Objetivo. Exponer el marco de referencia para la intervención desde el Trabajo Social en el derecho a la Consulta Previa. Metodología. Para llevar a cabo el estudio se utilizó la investigación documental. Resultados. Los marcos referenciales son herramientas imprescindibles para la intervención porque permiten conocer y abordar las realidades sociales desde sus diversos componentes. Conclusiones. Llevar a cabo posteriores investigaciones que estudien los procesos de Consulta Previa desde la perspectiva de género y que den cuenta de la especificidad del Trabajador Social en los procesos de Consulta Previa. Reconocer la importancia de fortalecer internamente las organizaciones representativas de los pueblos indígenas.
Estrategias y estrategas en la escuela secundaria: participación y acción política juvenil
Authors: Rotondi Gabriela Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Objetivo. Abordar la participación política y sus construcciones estratégicas en la escuela pública cordobesa. Metodología. El trabajo se centra en un estudio cualitativo desarrollado en el ámbito educativo de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, vinculado a la temática de la participación juvenil en escuelas públicas. Resultados. El artículo se centró en uno de los capítulos de la tesis que aporta específicamente a la disciplina del trabajo social, ya que da cuenta de diversas estrategias y su relación con la construcción de ciudadanía en este tramo o ciclo vital de ser “estudiante secundario”. Esto en escuelas públicas ubicadas en barrios de la ciudad. Conclusiones. Se aporta al trabajo social ya que da cuenta de múltiples estrategias en la construcción de ciudadanía desde la escuela secundaria.
Los estados de excepción como legitimación de un estado de cosas inconstitucional: expresión del seudoconstitucionalismo
Authors: Silva Fernández Roberto
Published: November 2023

Objetivo. Aportar al debate acerca de los estados de excepción con elementos de análisis, como la posibilidad de que su uso constante termine legitimando un estado de cosas inconstitucional, que como seudoconstitucionalismo afecte la seguridad jurídica. Metodología. Parte de la descripción conceptual del mecanismo, evolución histórica y situaciones que generan otras modalidades; acto seguido se presentan y analizan los efectos nocivos sobre los derechos humanos, el orden constitucional y la seguridad jurídica. Resultados. Sin importar las presuntas bondades del estado de excepción, como remedio y mitigación de amenazas al orden constitucional, resultan vulnerando los derechos fundamentales, suplantando la constitución, (seudoconstitucionalismo) y socavando la seguridad jurídica. Conclusiones. El estado de excepción actualmente entraña como propósito oculto la conservación del poder en detrimento del Estado Constitucional. Resulta en un poder que no contempla como principio, el respeto y preservación de los derechos humanos en el plano individual o colectivo.
Reinsertion processes of children disengaged from armed groups in Colombia: what is the problem represented to be?
Authors: Villanueva O’Driscoll Julia , Loots Gerrit , Losantos Velasco Marcela , Exeni Ballivián Scherezada , Berckmans Isabel , Derluyn Ilse
Published: November 2023

Objective. There are estimates of up to 18,000 children engaged with armed groups in Colombia. After disengaging from these groups, their reinsertion into society is a great challenge. We looked into the discourse approaches towards these children and their reinsertion processes. Methodology. We conducted 64 interviews with professionals from different organisations active in the integration processes of these children and conducted the “What’s the problem represented to be?” approach. Results. This approach allowed us to outline two explicit discourses. The law-oriented discourse showed to be strongly influenced by international standards, and was found to be dominant in the governmental reinsertion programme. The alternative-oriented discourse showed resistance to this line of thinking. Conclusions. Through the interplay of these discourses, organisations showed to be limited in their practical implementations whereby the many efforts put into the insertion processes, and the insertion of children into society itself are jeopardised.
Health care functions of ozone sterilizer
Authors: Ying-Qiu Gu , Guo-Hao Ning
Published: November 2023

People’s Daily life and physical health are often plagued by viruses and bacteria. The novel coronavirus epidemic several years ago has seriously affected the global economy and social life. In addition to vaccination, ecologically safe and long-term and effective disinfection methods are very necessary. Ozone is an efficient and broad-spectrum bactericidal disinfectant, and the trace level of ozone in the atmosphere can make many viruses and bacteria lose their biochemical activity and infectivity. Nature produces trace amounts of ozone in the air through lightning to achieve the purpose of purifying the ecological environment. The product of ozone decomposition is oxygen, without secondary pollution. Ozone sterilizer has been widely used in epidemic prevention and control in intensive breeding farms and has achieved remarkable effects. If the concentration and action time can be accurately controlled, then ozone can effectively eliminate pathogens without harming normal cells in the human body. Therefore, the use of mini household ozone disinfectors for personal epidemic prevention and health care is a topic worth serious research. Shanghai Finerule Company has done a lot of tentative work in this respect and has achieved some good results.
Effects of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus fruit bean powder in feed as a growth activator on the zootechnical performance of Oreochromis sp (red Tilapia) fry in concrete tanks
Authors: Ngouana Tadjong Ruben , Yemdji Mane Divine Doriane , Dadjodi Erra Amandine , Ebile Dayan Agwah , Kana Jean Raphaël , Téguia Alexis
Published: November 2023

This study focused on the effect of feed supplementation with Afrostyrax lepidophyllus fruit bean powder on some zootechnical performances of Oreochromis sp (red tilapia) fry in concrete tanks. 360 monosex fry of Oreochromis sp with an average weight of 1.95 ± 0.34g were divided into 12 happas, including 30 subjects per happa in triplicate in a completely randomized system for four food rations. TS (Imported Skreting feed), T0 (feed without supplement), T(0.1%F) (feed containing 0.1% A. lepidophyllus fruit bean powder), T(0.2%F) (food containing 0.2% fruit bean powder of A. lepidophyllus). These feeds were distributed 4 times a day to the fry at a regular time interval of 3 hours including 7 a.m., 10 a.m., 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. the fry were fed at 11% of their biomass for one month and then at 10% for six weeks. The analysis of variance showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the survival rates (97.66 ± 1.02%-98.66 ± 0.90%) but a trend on the rise in favor of feeds supplemented with the spice. Live weight (19.37 ± 0.47), average weight gain (16.96 ± 0.47), total length (7.80 ± 0.04), daily weight gain (0.22 ± 0.01g/d), the specific growth rate (9.12 ± 0.25g%/d) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) with fry fed with feed supplemented at 0.2 % fruit beans of A. lepidophyllus (T0.2%F) compared to the fry fed with the feed without supplement (T0) but significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to the values ​​recorded with the fry fed with the feed imported feed Skreting (TS). The feed conversion ration was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected regardless of the treatment considered. Total length was significantly (p < 0.05) higher with fish fed imported feed (TS) and feed supplemented with 0.2% A. lepidophyllus fruit bean powder compared to treatments. Fed with feed without supplement (T0) and with feed supplemented with 0.1% of this spice (T0.1%F). The significantly higher feed cost of production (p < 0.05) was recorded with the treatment fed imported feed Skreting (TS) compared to the other treatments which were also comparable to each other for this parameter. The condition factor K was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the treatments. The supplementation of 0.2% of A. lepidophyllus bean powder in the feed can advantageously be used to improve the zootechnical performance of Oreochromis sp fry in the pre-fattening phase.
Optimization of viscoelastic behaviors of bioinspired asymmetric helicoidal CFRP composites using Taguchi Method
Authors: Chidume Nwambu , Ikechukwu Chibueze , Kelvin Iyebeye , Chilee Ekwedigwe
Published: November 2023

The dynamic mechanical properties play an important role in the selection of suitable materials in the manufacturing wing of aircraft and wind turbine blades. In this paper, the standard Taguchi method was used to examine the effect of inter-ply stacking angles of 0° (UD), 0/90° (cross-ply), 5°, 15°, 10°, 20°, 25° 30° and aging temperature (ambient temperature, 40o, 60o) on the dynamic mechanical properties of bioinspired asymmetric helicoidal Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composites. The standard Taguchi’s L18 was used. The signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance were introduced to analyze and estimate the optimal combination parameters. The results show the dynamic mechanical properties are linearly correlated to the fiber architecture and aging temperature. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates that inter-ply stacking angles (15°, and 20°) and aging temperature (40o, 60o) are the main significant factors affecting the dynamic mechanical values at a 95% confidence level. Inter-ply stacking angles are finally noted as critical factors affecting the extent of macromolecular mobility within helicoidally stacked continuous fiber CFRP composites. A confirmation test validated the optimized results and it was found that there were improvements in S/N ratios from initial to optimal setting. The experimental and expected results are very close, with an error ratio not exceeding 5%.
Testing ER stress induction in Cultured Induced Neurons via measuring ATF4 protein level or XBP-1 mRNA splicing v1
Authors: Hoyer Melissa , JW Harper
Published: November 2023

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a vast proteomic landscape to preform many diverse functions including protein andlipid synthesis, calcium ion flux, and inter-organelle communication. The ER proteome is remodeled in part through membrane-embedded receptors linking ER to degradative autophagy machinery (selective ER-phagy). A refined tubular ER network is formed in neurons within highly polarized dendrites and axons. Autophagy-deficient neurons in vivo display axonal ER accumulation within synaptic ER boutons, and the ER-phagy receptor FAM134B has been genetically linked with human sensory and autonomic neuropathy. However, mechanisms and receptor selectivity underlying ER remodeling by autophagy in neurons is limited. Here, we combine a genetically tractable induced neuron (iNeuron) system for monitoring extensive ER remodeling during differentiation. To test if any of our knockout iNeurons lead to induction of ER stress programs, we either left iNeurons with different genotypes untreated or treated them with tunicamycin as a positive control for ER stress induction. We then compared ATF4 protein induction and XBP-1 splicing levels in untreated versus tunicamycin treated iNeurons.
Combinatorial selective ER-phagy remodels the ER during neurogenesis v2
Authors: Hoyer Melissa , Capitanio Cristina , R. Smith Ian , Bieber Anna , JW Harper
Published: November 2023

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) employs a diverse proteome landscape to orchestrate many cellular functions ranging from protein and lipid synthesis to calcium ion flux and inter-organelle communication. A case in point concerns the process of neurogenesis: a refined tubular ER network is assembled via ER shaping proteins into the newly formed neuronal projections to create highly polarized dendrites and axons. Previous studies have suggested a role for autophagy in ER remodeling, as autophagy-deficient neurons in vivo display axonal ER accumulation within synaptic boutons, and the membrane-embedded ER-phagy receptor FAM134B has been genetically linked with human sensory and autonomic neuropathy. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying selective removal of ER and the role of individual ER-phagy receptors is limited. Here, we combine a genetically tractable induced neuron (iNeuron) system for monitoring ER remodeling during in vitro differentiation with proteomic and computational tools to create a quantitative landscape of ER proteome remodeling via selective autophagy. Through analysis of single and combinatorial ER-phagy receptor mutants, we delineate the extent to which each receptor contributes to both magnitude and selectivity of ER protein clearance. We define specific subsets of ER membrane or lumenal proteins as preferred clients for distinct receptors. Using spatial sensors and flux reporters, we demonstrate receptor-specific autophagic capture of ER in axons, and directly visualize tubular ER membranes within autophagosomes in neuronal projections by cryo-electron tomography. This molecular inventory of ER proteome remodeling and versatile genetic toolkit provides a quantitative framework for understanding contributions of individual ER-phagy receptors for reshaping ER during cell state transitions.
PVA-based Rat Liver Tumor Phantom for Ultrasound Imaging v1
Authors: Kumar Abhishek
Published: November 2023

The creation of a PVA-based ultrasound (US) imaging phantom involves a systematic step-by-step process. These US phantoms serve a vital role in the medical field, aiding medical professionals in various ways. They are invaluable for refining ultrasound-guided procedures, enhancing scanning techniques, and improving diagnostic proficiency. Additionally, these phantoms play a crucial role in the training and education of medical apprentices. Note: We can customize any organ using the provided steps to create our specific PVA-based imaging organ phantom.
The use of military media to raise the political awareness of Ukrainian military personnel in the system of formal and informal education
Authors:   Military Institute of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Grydchyna Viktoriia
Published: November 2023

B a c k g r o u n d . The political awareness of military personnel is the basis for the formation of ideological beliefs and motivation for the armed defense of Ukraine. Since 2014, Ukraine has been repelling the armed aggression of the Russian Federation (RF), and starting February 24, 2022, the country is in the phase of a large-scale military invasion. General mobilization increased the Ukrainian army with non-professional military personnel. Political awareness formed on pro-Ukrainian positions is able to neutralize the informational and psychological influences of the enemy. Until 2021, pro-Russian media were present in the information space of Ukraine, which actively formed a distorted political picture of the world. Military media are part of Ukraine's information space; they can be one of the elements forming the political awareness of military personnel. The purpose of the study is to determine a list of materials that can be used to increase the political awareness of military personnel. The task is to monitor the media resources of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (MoD) to identify materials that will expand the political awareness of military personnel. The object of the research is the websites of the Ministry of Defence and the Information Agency MoD "ArmiaInform". M e t h o d s . The methods of monitoring, thematic analysis, and content analysis of materials posted on the websites of the Ministry of Defence and the Information Agency ArmiaInform from February 24, 2022, to October 31, 2022, were used. 1237 materials were analysed. The materials were grouped by topic into categories to policy areas and, were applied a ranking method, where the quantity of publications was used as an indicator of rank. R e s u l t s . In the news of the Ministry of Defence, the topic of war is presented in the 1st place, foreign policy is in the 2nd place, domestic policy is in the 3rd place. In the Information Agency "ArmiaInform", the topic of foreign policy is in the 1st place, the war is in the 2nd place, the domestic policy is in the 3rd place, and analytical materials on historical topics are in the 4th place. Out of 1,237 monitoring materials, 32 can become additions to the thematic matrix of the formation of political awareness in military personnel. C o n c l u s i o n s . The key components of political awareness that influence the subject's political behaviour are political literacy, political competence, rationality, and objectivity of political choice. The media of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine can become part of a political awareness program by publishing materials that increase political literacy and political competence. News posted on the media resources of the Ministry of Defence can be used for political information.
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity, Metal Chelating Power and Antibacterial Activity in Different Tissues of Alcea calvertii (Boiss.) Boiss.
Authors: BİÇEK Ayşe Gözde , İRTEM KARTAL Deniz , ÖZGÖKÇE Fevzi , ÖZAKTAŞ Tuğba
Published: November 2023

The traditionally used plant Alcea calvertii (Boiss.) Boiss. (Malvaceae) was extracted by two more methods in addition to those used by the locals, in this study. It was found that ethanol extraction significantly improved the release of total phenolic content of all plant parts compared to extraction by infusion and traditional use. In addition, ethanol appears to be a good solvent for the extracting flavonoids and phenolic contents from A. calvertii. However, metal chelating power was found to be higher in the infusion extracts than in the ethanolic extracts. The antibacterial activities of all extracts from the plant parts were also tested. As a result, it has been confirmed in this study that A. calvertii is rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids and has high antioxidant activity with strong metal chelating power, however, the right plant parts must come together with the right extraction method for this effect to occur.
Remuneration for Active Refusal to Commit a Crime as an Effective Method of Combating Bribery
Authors: Garifullin I. R.
Published: November 2023

The paper examines effectiveness of legal mechanisms employed for combating corruption. The author analyzes economic benefits for the «bribe-taker» and «bribe-giver» when they are choosing different behaviors in typical situations classified according to the reason of the initiating party, the stage of implementation of a corrupt transaction, etc. The author concludes that an economic benefit for the parties in concluding a corrupt transaction, as well as in maintaining its confidentiality, causes latency of bribery. This circumstance results in introducing legal mechanisms into legislation and law enforcement practice that allow individuals and legal entities to economically encourage individuals and legal entities to refuse an offer from officials to pay a bribe, notify law enforcement agencies about the incident and participate in procedural actions aimed at detecting criminals. Remuneration may be provided in monetary form, while the amount should be significantly higher than the expected benefit from the suppressed corruption transaction, and/or in the form of providing a public service (even if there are no legal grounds for receiving it), and/or in the form of a refusal by a public authority to demand the performance of a civil duty. The author compares the mechanism indicated in the title of the paper with the voluntary refusal to commit a crime, determines its place in the system of incentive norms, compares it with other types of remuneration for assistance in uncovering a corruption crime, and analyzes foreign experience. The author proposes to supplement a number of legislative acts with provisions regulating remuneration for the expressed refusal to commit a crime.
The Best Scientific Data for the Establishment of Zonally Linked Management Instruments: International Legal Characteristics
Authors: Teymurov E. S.
Published: November 2023

The use of the criterion «best available scientific data» when establishing zonally linked management tools is a reflection of the common practice of their formation. The widespread use of this criterion in numerous regulatory acts and guidance documents is accompanied only by prescriptions for improving the quality, reliability and accessibility of scientific information, without its legal content consolidation. The purpose of the study is to identify the normative content of the criterion «the best available scientific data».

The formation of the criterion the «best scientific data available» is associated with the strengthening of environmental cooperation between states and is a reflection of the precautionary principle. When scientific evidence is insufficient and there is a risk of harm, it is necessary to act in accordance with the due care obligation and precautionary requirements.

The practice of applying the criterion under study allows us to distinguish its three essential elements: the best nature of data, the scientific nature of data and the availability (availability) of data. The best nature of data is disclosed by the national courts through a number of features: completeness of the information, its proper nature, reliability, taking into account and evaluation of various scientific data. The presence of «minor inaccuracies» does not indicate that the data are not the best. The availability of data implies that authorities should make decisions based on scientific data received by them or presented by the scientific community at the time of decision-making. The best «available» data does not mean the best «possible» data. The authorities are not obliged to produce new scientific data. The scientific nature of data implies the use of appropriate, objective, impartial, transparent, final, interpretable data obtained using appropriate research methods, reflecting any inaccuracies and risks of their use, as well as having passed an independent expert assessment.

International and national judicial authorities avoid defining scientific data and consider issues related to the assessment of scientific nature of information through the prism of scientific research requirements.
Different approaches in the management of enterocutaneous fistula
Authors: Deepika  , Anjum Saima
Published: November 2023

Background: Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) are abnormal communications between the skin and gastrointestinal tract. ECF are a difficult and costly surgical complication to manage.
Methods: The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes and review the different approaches in the management of ECF. We conducted a retrospective study on 50 postoperative ECF patients after abdominal surgeries over a period of 10 months admitted through PMCH OPD and emergency. We included 30 men and 20 females between age 10-70 years. We excluded spontaneous fistula in Crohn’s disease, intestinal diverticulosis, or any inflammatory disease.
Results: Out of 50 patients of ECF 42 (8%) were managed conservatively initially. Out of that 9 patients failed to respond to conservative management and required later secondary exploration. Eight patients (16%) needed initial primary surgical intervention after formation of faecal fistula and peritonitis. The overall incidence of ECF is 4% varied according to surgery type, -4% after colorectal surgeries, 7% after gastroduodenal surgeries, 0.5% after extra-digestive surgery. Conservative approach includes resuscitation, nutritional support, sepsis control, output control and skin protection whereas in Surgical management we included permanent closure of fistula, resection of fistula tract, anastomosis and excision of tract and direct drainage.
Conclusions: Conservative treatment plays a pivotal role as an initial management in both low and high fistula output. There was no significant recurrence rate difference seen in conservative and surgical approach.
Gradual distraction on hinged-based Ilizarov ring fixator to correct fixed flexion deformity of knee: description of the surgical technique
Authors: Regmi Anil , Niraula Bishwa B. , Bansal Shivam , Gowda Rohan , Barman Saptarshi , Dhingra Mohit
Published: November 2023

Knee deformity in flexion is the most disabling deformity. Surgical correction can be attempted with soft tissue release, osteotomy, or both. However, acute correction can cause serious complications. Ilizarov technique has become an appealing alternative to open surgery, where skeletal traction is used to distract the joint gradually and steadily in order to reduce the risk of skin problems or neurovascular injuries. Two patients and three limbs, male aged 28-42 (mean=35 years) with severe fixed flexion deformity were corrected by a hinged-based Ilizarov ring fixator. Mean flexion of the knee was pre-operatively 86.66 degrees (80-90 degrees). The mean extension angle at the last follow-up was 168.3 degrees (165-170). The mean knee society score (KSS) was 44.3 (35-50), mean KSS functional score was 43.3 (0-65). One patient had satisfactory outcomes and could stand without walking aids and walks on extended knee with walking aids. Arthrodesis of knee or creating a stiff knee in the most extended position may be most effective for severe, fixed contractures.With the gradual, calculated distraction, the Ilizarov apparatus is an effective tool for treating severe cases of knee contracture.
Perfil Epidemiológico da Tuberculose no Brasil no Período de 2012 a 2016
Authors: Fontes Giuliano José Fialho , Da Silva Thamires Gonçalves , Sousa Juliane Carla Medeiros de , Feitosa Ankilma do Nascimento Andrade , Silva Macerlane de Lira , Bezerra André Luiz Dantas , Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de , Assis Elisangela Vilar
Published: November 2023

Doença infectocontagiosa a tuberculose (TB) apresenta uma alta prevalência mundialmente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi de traçar o perfil epidemiológico de doentes com tuberculose, no Brasil, no período de 2001 a 2016. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de séries temporais, cujos dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informação de Notificação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no período estabelecido entre 2001 e 2016. Participaram da pesquisa indivíduos acometidos por tuberculose com diagnóstico estabelecido e registrado no sistema. Foi considerado o número de casos confirmados da doença considerando-se os seguintes aspectos: escolaridade, região, forma extrapulmonar, tipo de entrada no sistema, segundo a idade, forma extrapulmonar e tipo de entrada no sistema segundo o sexo. Observou-se maior prevalência da TB em pacientes analfabetos com idades entre 30 e 39 anos (5,57%). Ao se considerar a relação entre sexo e escolaridade, a prevalência entre homens analfabetos foi maior. Quanto à forma, destacou-se a prevalência pleural em pacientes com idades entre 20 e 39 anos, e em homens (2,56%), independentemente da faixa etária. Em relação às regiões de moradia, houve maior prevalência na Região Sudoeste (11,83%), com destaque para a cidade de São Paulo, em pacientes com idades entre 20 e 29 anos (5,80%). Quanto ao tipo de entrada, destacaram-se os casos novos, com pacientes com idades entre 20 e 29 anos (21,14%). O estudo indicou que é necessário melhorar o processo de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento fortalecendo a Atenção Primária e a própria assistência integral à saúde com a continuidade assistencial.
Expression Analysis of Long Noncoding RNA-MALAT1 and Interleukin-6 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Bajestan Mohsen Nemati , Piroozkhah Moein , Chaleshi Vahid , Ghiasi Naser Elmi , Jamshidi Negar , Mirfakhraie Reza , Balaii Hedieh , Shahrokh Shabnam , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Salehi Zahra , Mojarad Ehsan Nazemalhosseini
Published: November 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) manifests as chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. The study focuses on a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) known as Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1). MALAT1's misregulation has been linked with various autoimmune diseases and regulates proinflammatory cytokines. The role of IL6 in immune-triggered conditions, including IBD, is another focal point. In this research, the expression of MALAT1 and IL6 in IBD patients was meticulously analyzed to uncover potential interactions.
The study involved 33 IBD patients (13 with Crohn's disease and 20 with ulcerative colitis) and 20 healthy counterparts. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction determined the MALAT1 and IL6 gene expression levels. The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was constructed using several tools, including LncRRIsearch and Cytoscape. A deep dive into the Inflammatory Bowel Disease database was undertaken to understand IL6's role in IBD. Drugs potentially targeting these genes were also pinpointed using DGIdb.
Results indicated a notable elevation in the expression levels of MALAT1 and IL6 in IBD patients versus healthy controls. MALAT1 and IL6 did not show a direct linear correlation, but IL6
could serve as MALAT1's target. Analyses unveiled interactions between MALAT1 and IL6, regulated by hsa-miR-202-3p, hsa-miR-1-3p, and has-miR-9-5p. IL6's pivotal role in IBD-associated inflammation, likely interacting with other cytokines, was accentuated. Moreover, potential drugs like CILOBRADINE for MALAT1 and SILTUXIMAB for IL6 were identified.
This research underscored MALAT1 and IL6's potential value as targets in diagnosis and treatment for IBD patients.
PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction Regulates BCL2, KI67, BAX, and CASP3, Altering Proliferation, Survival, and Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Soltani Mojdeh , Vosoughi Mahshid , Ganjalikhani-Hakemi Mazdak , Shapoorian Hoorieh , Beshkar Pezhman , Eskandari Nahid , Ghezelbash Behrooz
Published: November 2023

Programmed death ligand‑1 (PD‑L1) is a pivotal inhibitory checkpoint ligand known to induce T-cell exhaustion via interaction with the programmed death‑1 (PD‑1) receptor. Beyond this, PD-L1’s intrinsic signaling pathways within cancer cells warrant further exploration. This study aims to elucidate the effect of PD-L1 stimulation on the proliferation, survival, and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines.
Two human AML cell lines, HL-60 and THP-1 were cultured and treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to induce PD-L1overexpression. Post-treatment PD-L1 expression was confirmed via flow cytometry. Subsequently, cell surface PD-L1 was stimulated using a recombinant PD-1, 24 hours post-PMA treatment. The expression alterations in pivotal genes including BCL2, MKI67, BAX, and CASP3 were monitored using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 24 and 48 hours post-treatment. Additionally, annexin-V through flow cytometry.
Findings reveal that PD-L1 stimulation augments AML cell proliferation and survival by enhancing MKI67 and BCL2 expressions while concurrently inhibiting cell apoptosis due to decreased BAX and CASP3 expression following PD-L1 stimulation. Notably, stimulated cells expressed exhibited reduced annexin-V compared to control cells.
This study underscores that PD-L1 stimulation fosters AML cell proliferation and survival while impeding cell apoptosis. The results hold potential implications for targeting PD-L1 in AML treatment strategies.
Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis by Large Sequence Polymorphisms (LSPs)
Authors: Slathia Pallvi , Narang Deepti , Chandra Mudit
Published: November 2023

Background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a significant pathogen causing Johne’s disease. Rational evaluation of the prevalence of this organism in animals has been restricted by the lack of accurate diagnostic techniques. DNA microarray-based and computational study of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain K10 discovered 17 distinct large sequence polymorphisms present. Of these 17 LSPPs, 7 were with a specificity of greater than 98% and in some cases, sensitivity of up to 95% suggesting that the LSPs are ideal for diagnosing M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Methods: A total of 218 fecal samples were collected from cattle (n=180) and buffaloes (n=38) for detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) using Large Sequence Polymorphisms (LSPs) and IS900 PCR. The fecal samples were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining, isolation and PCR. A total of 90 fecal samples were found ZN staining positive and were subjected to isolation of MAP, growths were seen in two fecal samples after 16 weeks of incubation. Result: Out of 218 fecal samples tested, 7 samples were positive by both LSP PCR viz; LSPP2 (MAP0284), LSPP4 (MAP0865), LSPP11(MAP2154) LSPP12 (MAP2182c), LSPP12 (MAP2188c), LSPP15 (MAP3774), LSPP16 (MAP3815) and IS900 sequence with an amplicon size of 600, 597, 375, 430, 719, 621, 611 and 229 bp. DNA was also extracted from the isolates (n=2) and were confirmed by PCR targeting Large Sequence Polymorphism (LSPs) and IS900. Detection of MAP in all the 7 fecal samples both by IS900 and by 7 LSPPs indicates the detection potential of selected 7 LSPPs (LSPP2, LSPP4, LSPP11, LSPP12 (MAP2182c), LSPP12 (MAP2188c), LSPP15, LSPP16) in fecal samples of cattle and buffaloes suspected for Johne’s disease.
Minority Rights with Reference to Judicial Precedents in Pakistan
Authors: Buksh Mirjat Rasool
Published: November 2023

All inhabitants of a state are similarly eligible for basic privileges and human rights. Likewise, basic entitlements of the religious minorities are also assured through the Constitution of the country generally, and through various legislations particularly. Whereas Pakistan was given independence in the name of Islam, different minorities are settled here as well, and their rights are equally protected under the Constitution of Pakistan 1973. However, due to the current wave of terrorism in the country, the entire nation is affected generally, and minorities particularly. The fanatic groups, non-state actors, and self-claimed religious organizations found minorities an easy target for showing their power and gruesome acts, and spread their message by attacking minorities or their places of worship and educational institutions. In this paper, the desk-based research methodology has been adopted based on the available literature, international conventions, and decisions of the High Courts and the Supreme Court of Pakistan regarding the rights of minorities.
Estereotipos normalizados en series de origen peruano. Caso: De vuelta al barrio (2019)
Authors:   , Guevara Cornejo Stefany Milagros
Published: November 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación examina y explora la presencia de los principales estereotipos televisivos de los personajes masculinos y femeninos de la serie “De Vuelta al Barrio”, donde se pudo encontrar el uso excesivo y exagerado de los estereotipos en diferentes personajes analizados. Además de demostrar, un erróneo significado de la clasificación de cada uno de ellos, en diferentes ámbitos, ya sea social o de género. Es por esto que, se concluye que el análisis a profundidad sobre el uso de los estereotipos en los diferentes personajes de esta serie de televisión, tiene mensajes que, a pesar de ser exagerados, llegan a reflejar una realidad mostrada en la sociedad, lo que puede llevar a una mala interpretación que puede ser repetida de manera instantánea.
Influencia del teletrabajo en el desempeño laboral de los colaboradores administrativos del sector de servicios de ingeniería, Lima Metropolitana, 2022
Authors:   , Huatuco Jaimes Raquel Berenise , Figueroa Huaman Almendra
Published: November 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal demostrar la influencia del teletrabajo en el desempeño laboral de los colaboradores administrativos del sector de servicios de ingeniería, en Lima Metropolitana, 2022. Tiene un alcance explicativo, una metodología cuantitativa y un diseño no experimental - transversal, el cual ha tenido como técnica principal la encuesta y cuestionarios tipo Likert, los cuales fueron validados por dos jueces expertos en la materia. La población que obtuvo el presente trabajo de investigación fue de 179 648 personas, reduciéndose a una muestra total de 383 colaboradores, quienes fueron encuestados a través de formularios de Google Forms. Esta cantidad de colaboradores fue hallada a través del muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Finalmente se determinó que sí existe una influencia significativa entre el teletrabajo y el desempeño laboral, ya que de acuerdo al R cuadrado se puede determinar que un 5,2% del desempeño laboral lo determina la modalidad del teletrabajo.