bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The self‐reference effect: Methodological issues and implications from a schema‐theoretical perspective
Authors: Rudolph Udo
Published: May 2007

A number of investigators demonstrated that processing verbal stimuli by encoding them in reference to the self facilitates recall for these stimuli, compared with other kinds of semantic processing. On the basis of a critical discussion of the relevant research, it is hypothesized that the superiority of self‐reference is due to some specific features of semantic orienting tasks that serve as control groups for self‐referent encoding. This hypothesis is tested in three experiments demonstrating that, when changing certain features of these semantic orienting tasks, the self‐reference‐effect (SRE) is no longer obtained. In Experiment 3, the statistical difficulties are addressed that arise when not rejecting the null‐hypothesis. Furthermore, several implications of schema‐oriented explanations of the SRE are tested. Several dependent measures provide evidence in support of the motion that a self‐schema is activated during encoding and retrieval of self‐relevant material. However, results show that self‐referent processing — in contrast to the most general claim of the relevant literature—does not lead to superior recollection.
Depression and social comparison motives
Authors: Weary Gifford , Marsh Kerry L. , McCormick Linda
Published: May 2007

This study examined the role of informational social comparison motives in depressed and nondepressed individuals' opinion comparison activities. In particular. We examined the impact of agreement and disagreement from sources similar or dissimilar to depressed and nondepressed subjects on an attribute related to the focal judgment. AS predicted, depressed compared to nondepressed subjects indicated a greater preference for the similar‐disagreer, whereas nondepressed preferred as a partner the dissimilar‐agreer to a greater extent than did depressed subjects. Furthermore, measures of validation and construction motives were found to be associated with diflerent partner preferences. Results are discussed in terms of the multiple motivations underlying and distinguishing depressed and nondepressed social comparison activities.
Affective and cognitive influences in social dilemma game
Authors: Hertel Guido , Fiedler Klaus
Published: May 2007

An experiment is reported that examines the effects of emotional mood and evaluative priming on cooperation in a social dilemma game. Unlike an associative‐network account or an equity account of mood‐dependent prosocial behaviour. The present approach assumes that the primary effect of elated mood is to increase behavioural variability rather than altruism or cooperation per se. Accordingly, a positively emotional state serves the function of freeing the individual from the need to optimize local profits and increasing the range of behavioural judgments and decisions. As a consequence, positive mood may sometimes produce a secondary increase of prosocial behaviour (especially when the normal behaviour is rigidly competitive) but positive mood may at other times lead to antisocial tendencies and transgression. The empirical findings are consistent with such an interpretation. Cooperation in a four‐person dilemma game increases when positive connotations of cooperation andnegative connotations of competition are primed in a preceding verbal learning task. However, the mood manipulation does not directly affect the decision to cooperate but only indirectly via increased variability. In fact, subjects in good mood make more cooperative as well as more competitive choices than people in bad mood. The notable priming effect does not support the pessimistic view that the cooperation is largely determined by crystallized personality factors.
How does mood operate in an impression formation task? An information integration approach
Authors: Abele Andrea , Petzold Peter
Published: May 2007

The present study is concerned with the processes mediating the impact of mood on impression formation. Four assumptions are distinguished: (1) mood as a prime for the generation and/or association of additional information, (2) mood as a cue for the change of meaning of incoming stimuli, (3) mood as a direct source of information, and (4) mood as a cue for selective weighing of incoming stimuli, These mediating processes assumptions are specified in terms of information integration theory A pattern of hypotheses is derived which allows to examine what mechanisms underlie the impact of mood in an impression formation task. The results confirm the mood congruency effect and show that mood congruent judgments are mediated neither by change of meaning nor by selective weighing of incoming information. Also the explanation by additionally activated information primed by mood was not supported, However, the findings indicate that mood serves as a direct source of information to be incorporated into the judgment together with the presented information: (1) parameter estimations show that the global impression depenh on the person's current mood, whereas the scale values and the weights of the traits presented are independent of the mood state, (2) judgments of single traits are more influenced by mood than judgments of pairs, (3) medium traits are more affected than extreme traits and (4) the negativity effect is more pronounced in a good mood than in a bad mood. The final judgment is an averaging process of a mood‐dependent global impression and of mood‐independent stimulus information. Implications of these findings for current mood and social judgment models are discussed.
Private self‐consciousness as moderator of the importance of attitude and subjective norm: The prediction of voting
Authors: Echabe Agustin Echebarria , Garate Jose F Valencia
Published: May 2007

The influence of private self‐consciousness on the components of Ajzen and Fishbein's attitude model (attitude and subjective norm) is analysed. The impact of past behaviour on both current behaviour and behavioural intention is also studied. This model was applied to the prediction of voting intention and reported behaviour in the Spanish Parliamentary elections held in 1989, Attitude showed stronger influence than subjective norm on behavioural intention for subjects with a higher private self‐consciousness. The opposite was true for subjects having a lower private self‐consciousness. Past behaviour had a significant influence on both behavioural intention and behaviour.
Forced compliance: Commitment to compliance and commitment to activity
Authors: Beauvois Jean‐Léon , Bungert Marc , Mariette Pascale
Published: May 2007

It is argued that the standard manipulation of free choice in a forced compliance situation has fostered confusion between the two different types of choices offered to subjects, namely commitment or non‐commitment to compliance with the experimenter and choice of counter‐attitudinal activity per se. From a theoretical viewpoint, the two choices have very different implications. The former is a prerequisite to dissonance arousal; the latter may bring about consonant cognitions which reduce the dissonance ratio. Two experiments which separated these two choices confirmed the above predictions, derived from a radical conception of the dissonance theory (Beauvois and Joule, 1981, 1994). The results are inconsistent with the reinterpretation of dissonance effects in self‐perception terms.
Ethnocentrism in dating preferences for an American sample: The ingroup bias in social context
Authors: Liu James H. , Campbell Susan Miller , Condie Heather
Published: May 2007

Heterosexual dating partner preferences were examined in a multi‐ethnic context. Four groups at UCLA were studied: Asian Americans, African Americans, Latino Americans, and Euro Americans. Participants completed surveys asking them to rate a ‘typical/hypothetical’ opposite‐sex member for each of the four ethnic groups on physical attractiveness, similarity, social network approval, status, and desirability as a dating/marriage partner; social identification with the ethnic ingroup was also assessed. Members of all four ethnic groups demonstrated some degree of ethnocentrism on most measures (especially partner preferences) by rating opposite‐sex members of their own group higher than outgroup members rated them; however, Asians and Latinos rated opposite‐sex Whites as more physically attractive than typical members of their own group, and Latinos and Blacks rated Whites and Asians as higher status. Overall, Whites received more favourable ratings than any of the three minority groups. Regression analyses indicated that social network approval (by far), similarity, and physical attractiveness were (in that order) the most powerful predictors of ethnocentrism in partner preferences. Avenues of integration and interpretation between theories of inter‐personal attraction and intergroup relations were considered, including the dimensionality of ingroup favouritism, and the need for stronger consideration of social influence in theories of intergroup relations.
Time‐linearized time‐harmonic 3‐D Navier–Stokes shock‐capturing schemes
Authors: Chassaing J.‐C. , Gerolymos G. A.
Published: May 2007

In the present paper, a numerical method for the computation of time‐harmonic flows, using the time‐linearized compressible Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations is developed and validated. The method is based on the linearization of the discretized nonlinear equations. The convective fluxes are discretized using an O(Δx) MUSCL scheme with van Leer flux‐vector‐splitting. Unsteady perturbations of the turbulent stresses are linearized using a frozen‐turbulence‐Reynolds‐number hypothesis, to approximate eddy‐viscosity perturbations. The resulting linear system is solved using a pseudo‐time‐marching implicit ADI‐AF (alternating‐directions‐implicit approximate‐factorization) procedure with local pseudo‐time‐steps, corresponding to a matrix‐successive‐underrelaxation procedure. The stability issues associated with the pseudo‐time‐marching solution of the time‐linearized Navier–Stokes equations are discussed. Comparison of computations with measurements and with time‐nonlinear computations for 3‐D shock‐wave oscillation in a square duct, for various back‐pressure fluctuation frequencies (180, 80, 20 and 10 Hz), assesses the shock‐capturing capability of the time‐linearized scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A constitutional balanced t(3;8)(p14;q24.1) translocation results in disruption of the TRC8 gene and predisposition to clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Poland Kathryn S. , Azim Mohammed , Folsom Matthew , Goldfarb Richard , Naeem Rizwan , Korch Christopher , Drabkin Harry A. , Gemmill Robert M. , Plon Sharon E.
Published: May 2007

Studying the molecular basis of familial renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has allowed identification of novel RCC genes involved in the pathogenesis of both inherited and sporadic RCC. We describe a constitutional balanced t(3;8)(p14;q24.1) translocation found in a brother and sister with bilateral clear cell RCC (CC‐RCC) diagnosed in their forties. Consistent with a prior report, we demonstrated by RT‐PCR of RNA from lymphoblastoid cells fusion mRNAs derived from the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) at 3p14 and TRC8 at 8q24.1 in both affected siblings. Cytogenetic analysis of a CC‐RCC tumor from the affected sister from short‐term tumor cell culture showed both diploid and pseudotetraploid populations containing the translocation and normal appearing chromosomes 3 and 8. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using bacterial artificial chromosomes containing sequences from the FHIT and TRC8 genes demonstrated normal FHIT signals and TRC8 signals on nontranslocated chromosomes in the constitutional blood sample, but the TRC8 signal was absent in a subset of diploid and pseudotetraploid cells from the tumor. The tumor also contained a heterozygous VHL frameshift somatic mutation. These results confirm that balanced translocations disrupting the TRC8 and FHIT genes result in an increased genetic susceptibility for bilateral CC‐RCC. The presence of diploid and tetraploid tumor cells with and without TRC8 deletions on the nontranslocated chromosome suggest that loss of the remaining normal allele of TRC8 may contribute to tumor development at later stages. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: Ruiz Richard , Barri Yousri M. , Jennings Linda W. , Chinnakotla Srinath , Goldstein Robert M. , Levy Marlon F. , McKenna Greg J. , Randall Henry B. , Sanchez Edmund Q. , Klintmalm Goran B.
Published: May 2007

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a well-recognized complication of end-stage liver disease. Once thought to be a reversible condition with liver transplantation (LT) alone, HRS may directly contribute to the requirement for long-term dialysis posttransplant. As a result, discussion has now focused on whether or when a kidney allograft should be considered for these patients. Using the International Ascites Club guidelines with a pretransplant serum creatinine (SCr) >2.0 mg/dL to define HRS, 130 patients undergoing LT over a 10-yr period were identified, for an overall incidence of 9%. Patient survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 yr were 74%, and 68%, and 62%, respectively. Survival was significantly worse when compared to non-HRS patients undergoing LT over the same study period (P = 0.0001). For patients presenting with type 2 HRS, 7 patients (6%) developed irreversible kidney failure posttransplant compared to 0.34% in the non-HRS population (P < 0.0001). Five of these patients died within 1 yr with a median survival time of 139 days. Combined liver and kidney transplantation (CLKT) for patients with HRS is not recommended. However, an improvement in outcome can be accomplished by addressing those patients who require dialysis greater than 60 days posttransplant. We propose a role for kidney after liver transplantation (KALT) in select HRS patients. Liver Transpl 13:838–843, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Tonsil Enlargement After Liver Transplantation in Adults—Reason Enough for tonsillectomy? Two Cases of tonsillar Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disease
Authors: Mucha Krzysztof , Foroncewicz Bartosz , Niemczyk Kazimierz , Ziarkiewicz-Wróblewska Bogna , Stanisławek-Sut Olimpia , Zieniewicz Krzysztof , Krawczyk Marek , Pączek Leszek
Published: May 2007

Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a well-known complication of solid organ and bone marrow transplantation. It is agreed that the main causes of PTLD are chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); the intensity, rather then the type, of immunosuppression used; and underlying recipient disease. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and cytomegalovirus, as cofactors of EBV infection, have been suggested to increase the risk of PTLD. Use of calcineurin inhibitors, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3), and antithymocyte globulin may increase the risk of PTLD. On the other hand, mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus, and the anti–interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibodies Daclizumab and basiliximab have not been demonstrated to increase the risk of PTLD. The incidence of PTLD after liver transplantation (LT) is estimated to be 1.5-3%, but a tonsillar location is extremely rare in adults. Thus, little is known about the best diagnostic tools for and treatment by LT recipients with tonsillar PTLD. Here, we report 2 cases of adult LT recipients with tonsillar PTLD. Tonsillectomy was used as a diagnostic tool and treatment option and resulted in complete remission for >2 years. Considering the high mortality and diagnostic difficulties of PTLD, together with the relatively low risks of tonsillectomy, we recommend tonsillectomy for treating tonsil enlargement of unknown cause and suspected PTLD in LT recipients. A larger series of patients and prospective studies comparing different treatment options will be needed to substantiate our recommendation. Liver Transpl 13:918–923, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Rapidly Progressive Recurrent Hepatitis C Virus Infection Starting 9 Days After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Saraf Neeraj , Fiel Isabel M. , DeBoccardo Graciela , Emre Sukru , Schiano Thomas D.
Published: May 2007

Early histological recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation (LT) has a negative impact on patient and graft survival. We report a case of histological recurrence of HCV occurring in the second week after LT. A 75-year-old woman with chronic HCV and hepatocellular carcinoma underwent LT with an organ from a 75-year-old HCV-negative deceased donor. After an uneventful early postoperative period, an increase in the transaminases was observed, and on postoperative day 9 day, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 673 IU/mL and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 300 IU/mL, with normal alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Analysis of liver biopsy samples showed diffuse necroinflammatory changes with acidophilic bodies and concomitant mild acute cellular rejection. Subsequently there was a further increase in the transaminases, and on postoperative day 13, the AST rose to 445 IU/mL and ALT to 992 IU/mL. Repeat biopsy was performed, and analysis of the samples revealed lymphocytic portal inflammation with lymphoid aggregates and mild interface hepatitis, parenchymal necrosis, activation of sinusoidal lining cells, and mild steatosis. The biopsy sample was characteristic for HCV recurrence. The HCV RNA level was 84,000,000 copies/mL, and markers for other viral causes were not present. The patient became jaundiced and her course progressively worsened. She died on day 87 after transplantation. To our knowledge, this is the earliest reported case of histological recurrence of HCV after LT. It illustrates the importance of older donor and recipient age in the same patient as cofactors for early HCV recurrence and poor outcome. Liver Transpl 13:913–917, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Storage Operators and ∀‐positive Types in TTR Type System
Authors: Nour Karim
Published: May 2007

In 1990, J. L. Krivine introduced the notion of storage operator to simulate “call by value” in the “call by name” strategy. J. L. Krivine has showed that, using Gödel translation of classical into intuitionistic logic, one can find a simple type for the storage operators in AF2 type system. This paper studies the ∀‐positive types (the universal second order quantifier appears positively in these types) and the Gödel transformations (a generalization of classical Gödel translation) of TTR type system. We generalize by using syntactical methods Krivine's theorem about these types and for these transformations. We give a proof of this result in the case of the type of recursive integers.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 03B40, 68Q60.
Decidability for ℤ[G]‐Modules when G is Cyclic of Prime Order
Authors: Toffalori Carlo
Published: May 2007

We consider the decision problem for modules over a group ring ℤ[G], where G is a cyclic group of prime order. We show that it reduces to the same problem for a class of certain abelian structures, and we obtain some partial decidability results for this class.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 03C60, 03B25.
Forking and Incomplete Types
Authors: Hyttinen Tapani
Published: May 2007

Let Δ be a set of formulas. In this paper we study the following question: under what assumptions on Δ, the concept “a complete Δ‐type p over B does not fork over A ⊆ B” behaves well. We apply the results to the structure theory of ω1‐saturated models.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 03C45.
Some Decidability Results for ℤ[G]‐Modules when G is Cyclic of Squarefree Order
Authors: Toffalori Carlo
Published: May 2007

We extend the analysis of the decision problem for modules over a group ring ℤ[G] to the case when G is a cyclic group of squarefree order. We show that separated ℤ[G]‐modules have a decidable theory, and we discuss the model theoretic role of these modules within the class of all ℤ[G]‐modules. The paper includes a short analysis of the decision problem for the theories of (finitely generated) modules over ℤ[ζm], where m is a positive integer and ζm is a primitive mth root of 1.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 03C60, 03B25.
Recursion in Partial Type‐1 Objects With Well‐Behaved Oracles
Authors: Tourlakis George
Published: May 2007

We refine the definition of II‐computability of [12] so that oracles have a “consistent”, but natural, behaviour. We prove a Kleene Normal Form Theorem and closure of semi‐recursive relations under ∃1. We also show that in this more inclusive computation theory Post's theorem in the arithmetical hierarchy still holds.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 03D65, 03D75.
Properties of Tense Logics
Authors: Wolter Frank
Published: May 2007

Based on the results of [11] this paper delivers uniform algorithms for deciding whether a finitely axiomatizable tense logic

has the finite model property,

is complete with respect to Kripke semantics,

is strongly complete with respect to Kripke semantics,

is d‐persistent,

is r‐persistent.

It is also proved that a tense logic is strongly complete iff the corresponding variety of bimodal algebras is complex, and that a tense logic is d‐persistent iff it is complete and its Kripke frames form a first order definable class. From this we obtain many natural non‐d‐persistent tense logics whose corresponding varieties of bimodal algebras are complex.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 03B45, 03B25.
Exhibiting Wide Families of Maximal Intermediate Propositional Logics with the Disjunction Property
Authors: Bertolotti Guido , Miglioli Pierangelo , Silvestrini Daniela
Published: May 2007

We provide results allowing to state, by the simple inspection of suitable classes of posets (propositional Kripke frames), that the corresponding intermediate propositional logics are maximal among the ones which satisfy the disjunction property. Starting from these results, we directly exhibit, without using the axiom of choice, the Kripke frames semantics of 2No maximal intermediate propositional logics with the disjunction property. This improves previous evaluations, giving rise to the same conclusion but made with an essential use of the axiom of choice, of the cardinality of the set of the maximal intermediate propositional logics with the disjunction property.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 03B55, 03C90.
Minimum‐sized Infinite Partitions of Boolean Algebras
Authors: Donald Monk J.
Published: May 2007

For any Boolean Algebra A, let cmm(A) be the smallest size of an infinite partition of unity in A. The relationship of this function to the 21 common functions described in Monk [4] is described, for the class of all Boolean algebras, and also for its most important subclasses. This description involves three main results: the existence of a rigid tree algebra in which cmm exceeds any preassigned number, a rigid interval algebra with that property, and the construction of an interval algebra in which every well‐ordered chain has size less than cmm.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 06E05, 03E05.
A Relationship Among Gentzen's Proof‐Reduction, Kirby‐Paris' Hydra Game and Buchholz's Hydra Game
Authors: Hamano Masahiro , Okada Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2007

We first note that Gentzen's proof‐reduction for his consistency proof of PA can be directly interpreted as moves of Kirby‐Paris' Hydra Game, which implies a direct independence proof of the game (Section 1 and Appendix). Buchholz's Hydra Game for labeled hydras is known to be much stronger than PA. However, we show that the one‐dimensional version of Buchholz's Game can be exactly identified to Kirby‐Paris' Game (which is two‐dimensional but without labels), by a simple and natural interpretation (Section 2). Jervell proposed another type of a combinatorial game, by abstracting Gentzen's proof‐reductions and showed that his game is independent of PA. We show (Section 3) that this Jervell's game is actually much stronger than PA, by showing that the critical ordinal of Jervell's game is φω (0) (while that of PA or of Kirby‐Paris' Game is φ1 (0) = ϵ0) in the Veblen hierarchy of ordinals.
The “Precursor Approach” to Patterned Fluorescence Images in Polymer Films
Authors: Kim Jong‐Man
Published: May 2007

In contrast to the conventional two‐step method, which involves the generation of reactive functional groups followed by incubation in a dye solution (a wet developing process), the “precursor approach” enables the rapid and cost‐effective generation of patterned images in one step, without the need for an additional wet process. By using the “precursor approach”, the fluorescence of precursor molecules in polymer films can be effectively manipulated by: (1) photoinduced removal of transient protecting groups; (2) photoinduced protonation or intramolecular proton transfer; (3) photochromism; (4) photoinduced formation of fluorophores; (5) photoinduced oxidative degradation or molecular orientation.

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CF3SO3H Initiated Cationic Polymerization of Diisopropenylbenzenes in Macrobatch and Microflow Systems
Authors: Iwasaki Takeshi , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: May 2007

CF3SO3H was found to serve as a more superior initiator for the polymerization of diisopropenylbenzenes than the conventionally used acids such as H2SO4. Much faster polymerization at lower temperatures seems to be ascribed to the higher acidity of CF3SO3H. The use of microflow systems was also found to be effective in increasing the indane unit content, especially for 1,4‐DPB. Fast mixing and uniformity of the temperature seem to be responsible. The thus‐obtained polymers of high indane unit content serve as useful materials having high thermal resistance and low dielectric constants.

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Analysis of olfactory function and the depth of olfactory sulcus in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kim Ji Youn , Lee Won Yong , Chung Eun Joo , Dhong Hun‐Jong
Published: May 2007

Olfactory deficit is known to occur frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to explore olfactory deficit in PD and to investigate its possible correlation with the disease severity or the depth of the olfactory sulcus. Fifty‐nine PD patients and 25 normal controls were examined by the odor identification test with the crosscultural smell identification test (CC‐SIT). Among these subjects, the depth of the olfactory sulcus of 42 PD patients and 8 controls was measured in the plane of the posterior tangent through the eyeballs using the coronal view brain MRI. The CC‐SIT scores of the PD patients were significantly lower than those of the normal control (P < 0.001). However, CC‐SIT did not correlate with the disease duration, H‐Y stage, score of UPDRS Part III, or the depth of either side of the olfactory sulcus (P > 0.05). Our study confirms that CC‐SIT is a helpful test in detecting the olfactory deficit in Korean PD patients. The absence of correlation of olfactory deficit with the disease severity or the depth of olfactory sulcus may suggest that olfactory loss precede the development of motor signs and not be a primary consequence of damage to the olfactory sulcus. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
A novel GLRA1 mutation in a recessive hyperekplexia pedigree
Authors: Forsyth Rob J. , Gika Artemis D. , Ginjaar Ieke , Tijssen Marina A.J.
Published: May 2007

We report the identification of a novel Y228C mutation within the M1 trans‐membrane domain of the GLRA1 subunit of the glycine receptor responsible for a severe recessive hyperekplexia phenotype in a Kurdish pedigree. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
A new mixed finite element method for poro‐elasticity
Authors: Tchonkova Maria , Peters John , Sture Stein
Published: May 2007

Development of robust numerical solutions for poro‐elasticity is an important and timely issue in modern computational geomechanics. Recently, research in this area has seen a surge in activity, not only because of increased interest in coupled problems relevant to the petroleum industry, but also due to emerging applications of poro‐elasticity for modelling problems in biomedical engineering and materials science. In this paper, an original mixed least‐squares method for solving Biot consolidation problems is developed. The solution is obtained via minimization of a
least‐squares functional, based upon the equations of equilibrium, the equations of continuity and weak forms of the constitutive relationships for elasticity and Darcy flow. The formulation involves four separate categories of unknowns: displacements, stresses, fluid pressures and velocities. Each of these unknowns is approximated by linear continuous functions. The mathematical formulation is implemented in an original computer program, written from scratch and using object‐oriented logic. The performance of the method is tested on one‐ and two‐dimensional classical problems in poro‐elasticity. The numerical experiments suggest the same rates of convergence for all four types of variables, when the same interpolation spaces are used. The continuous linear triangles show the same rates of convergence for both compressible and entirely incompressible elastic solids. This mixed formulation results in non‐oscillating fluid pressures over entire domain for different moments of time. The method appears to be naturally stable, without any need of additional stabilization terms with mesh‐dependent parameters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA fragmentation in developing lung fibroblasts exposed to Stachybotrys chartarum (atra) toxins
Authors: McCrae K.C. , Rand T.G. , Shaw R.A. , Mantsch H.H. , Sowa M.G. , Thliveris J.A. , Scott J.E.
Published: May 2007

Stachybotrys chartarum (atra) is a toxic mold that grows on water‐damaged cellulose‐based materials. Research has revealed also that inhalation of S. chartarum spores caused marked changes in respiratory epithelium, especially to developing lungs. We analyzed the epigenetic potential of S. chartarum spore toxins on developing rat lung fibroblasts using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Isolated fetal lung fibroblasts were exposed to S. chartarum spore toxins for 15 min, 3, 14, or 24 hr and control cells were exposed to saline under the same conditions. Cells were embedded in agarose, electrophoresed under alkaline conditions and silver stained. DNA damage was assessed in terms of fragmentation as measured by comet tail length (DNA migration) and intensity (% DNA contained within head and tail). Upon visual inspection, control fibroblasts showed no DNA fragmentation whereas S. chartarum‐treated cells had definable comets of various degrees depending upon the time‐course. Analyses of the comets revealed that exposure to S. chartarum spore toxins for at least 15 min to 14 hr, induced increased DNA fragmentation in a time‐dependent manner. The fact that exposure to toxins for 24 hr showed less damage suggested that developing lung fibroblasts may have the capability of repairing DNA fragmentation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:592–599. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of extended defects in SiGe/Si heterostructures with SiGeC intermediate layers
Authors: Vdovin V. I. , Torack T. A. , Fei Lu , Reznik V. Ya. , Mil'vidskii M. G. , Falster R.
Published: May 2007

The generation of misfit dislocations (MDs) and stacking faults (SFs) was studied by TEM and preferential chemical etching in multilayer Si(001)/SiGe/SiGeC(10 nm)/SiGe/Si heterostructures grown by CVD at 650 °C. Prior to growth of Si layer, the other part of heterostructure was annealed at 950 °C in the growth chamber to get relaxed buffer layers and strained Si layer free of extended defects. We used SiGe alloys with Ge content of 24 at.% and C content of 0.5 at.%. Carbon in the strained SiGe matrix was found to promote high rates of strain relaxation through the nucleation of perfect dislocation loops close to the interface with Si substrate. For Si layer thickness >10 nm, threading dislocations split in these layers under tensile strain to form SFs. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical spectra and covalent chemistry of fulleropyrrolidines
Authors: Razbirin B. S. , Starukhin A. N. , Nelson D. K. , Sheka E. F. , Prato M.
Published: May 2007

Low‐temperature vibronic spectra of two fulleropyrrolidines (1‐methyl‐3,4‐FP and 1‐methyl‐2(4‐pyridine)‐3,4‐FP) embedded in crystalline toluene matrix have been studied. Two‐component composition of the spectra has been established and charge‐transfer‐excitation origin of the structureless component has been suggested. Fine‐structured Shpol'skii spectra were observed for 1‐methyl‐3,4‐FP, which made possible to perform the vibrational analysis of its vibronic spectra. General similarities of the absorption spectra of fulleropyrrolidines and C60 molecules along with significant difference in their details have been discussed. A detailed interpretation of the C60 spectra serves as a basis for analyzing the spectra of the derivatives. Quantum‐chemical study is based on the effectively‐unpaired‐electron concept for the fullerene molecule. Computations have been performed for the singlet states of the molecules in unrestricted Hartree–Fock approximation implemented in AM1 semiempirical quantum chemical codes of the CLUSTER‐Z1 software. The population of the HOMO and LUMO of the molecules under study alongside with the lowering of the molecules symmetry have been proposed to explain the spectral features observed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
σ‐Hole bonding and hydrogen bonding: Competitive interactions
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S. , Lane Pat
Published: May 2007

In certain molecular environments, a covalently‐bonded atom from Groups V–VII may have a region of significantly‐positive electrostatic potential on its outer side, along the extension of a covalent bond. This is due to the electron‐deficient outer lobe of a half‐filled p bonding orbital, which is called a “σ‐hole.” σ‐Hole bonding is the resulting highly directional noncovalent interaction that may occur with a nucleophile, e.g., a lone pair of a Lewis base. In this article, we compare the computed interaction energies and vibrational frequency shifts associated with the formation of a series of σ‐hole‐bonded and hydrogen‐bonded complexes. When the molecular environments of the atoms of Groups V–VII and the hydrogen are similar, then the hydrogen bond is usually the stronger one, although there are exceptions, as in the case of bromine. Overall, however, σ‐hole bonding can certainly be competitive with hydrogen bonding. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Modeling of ion processes in atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation
Authors: Berkout Vadym D. , Kryuchkov Sergey I. , Doroshenko Vladimir M.
Published: May 2007

Atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP‐MALDI) has proven a convenient and rapid method for ion production in the mass spectrometric analysis of biomolecules. This technique, like other atmospheric pressure ionization methods, suffers from ion loss during ion transmission from the atmosphere into the vacuum of the mass spectrometer. In this work, a simple model describing ion formation and ion motion towards the inlet capillary of the mass spectrometer is described. Both the gas flow and electric field near the MALDI plate were numerically calculated using the boundary element method (BEM). The ions were moving along with the gas flow and drifting in the electric field in accordance with their ion mobility properties. The ion signal dependence on an electric field strength obtained in the proposed model correlates well with experimental results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of multiscale environmental flow methodologies as tools for optimized management of a Norwegian regulated national salmon watercourse
Authors: Halleraker J. H. , Sundt H. , Alfredsen K. T. , Dangelmaier G.
Published: May 2007

The river Surna has been regulated for hydropower production since the late 1960s, with a minimum flow requirement of ca. 30% of the mean annual flow downstream of the power plant outlet, leaving a large by‐pass section with residual flow. This river has recently been selected as a national salmon watercourse by the Norwegian Parliament. Mitigations to protect the Atlantic salmon stock will be given priority in these rivers, and hence an environmental flow assessment (EFA) has been started to optimize hydropower production in relation to salmon habitat. A suite of methodologies for EFA like habitat‐hydraulic models, indicators of hydrological alteration (IHA), mesohabitat analysis, temperature simulations and optimalization of habitat improvements, has been applied across scales and seasons in this catchment. The EFA has been related to various hydropower schemes, to suggest more salmon‐friendly hydropower operation. A temperature‐adjusted running of the hydropower plant was found to have a major influence on the production of salmonids. Downstream of the hydropower station, rapid ramping has often occurred. This is possibly harmful for juvenile fish inhabiting the shallow parts of the river due to stranding. Based on our habitat modelling toolkit, we have suggested ramping guidelines to drastically reduce stranding of juvenile salmonids. Our EFA has indicated a great potential with mitigations to increase salmon production in the river Surna. For maximum gain, combinations of more gentle flow ramping, habitat improvements and/or environmental flow requirement (EFR) in the by‐pass section and temperature alteration by new intake arrangements and/or temperature‐adjusted run of the power plant are needed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximum hitting time for random walks on graphs
Authors: Brightwell Graham , Winkler Peter
Published: May 2007

For x and y vertices of a connected graph G, let TG(x, y) denote the expected time before a random walk starting from x reaches y. We determine, for each n > 0, the n‐vertex graph G and vertices x and y for which TG(x, y) is maximized. the extremal graph consists of a clique on ⌊(2n + 1)/3⌋) (or ⌈)(2n − 2)/3⌉) vertices, including x, to which a path on the remaining vertices, ending in y, has been attached; the expected time TG(x, y) to reach y from x in this graph is approximately 4n3/27.
From conceptual change to transformative modeling: A case study of an elementary teacher in learning astronomy
Authors: Shen Ji , Confrey Jere
Published: May 2007

This case study describes a teacher's development of and creativity in manipulating physical models in an astronomy course for in‐service science teachers of K‐8. Specifically, she organized a data table from several charts of numbers, constructed a moon‐ball model in addition to a 2‐D model, and created a hula hoop model as a concrete realization of her mental model. Examination of the transformation and construction processes revealed how she revised existing models and added new elements. These reconstruction experiences afforded her with a higher level of comprehension and self‐awareness of her mental models. Three of the teacher's actions contributed to her increased understanding and deployment of the models: she enhanced her autonomy by changing the given models and solving problems she was interested in; she communicated with her partners and shared her knowledge by materializing her models; and she constructed new models on the basis of her experience. This case study shows that the transformation process, especially a cascade of small steps with the emergence of a more dramatic departure, is a key to generating scientific knowledge. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 91:948–966, 2007
Eine Anwendung des absoluten Parallelismus auf die Schalentheorie .
Authors: Reutter F.
Published: May 2007

Nach einer kurzen Entwicklung der Theorie des absoluten Parallelismus werden mittels dieses mathematischen Apparates die Gleichgewichtsbedingungen für das deformierte Schalenelement aufgestellt und anschließend insbesondere die Fundamentalgrößen zweiter Ordnung der deformierten Schalenmittelfläche errechnet.
Über den Spannungszustand im Halbraum bei halbkugelförmiger Druckverteilung .
Authors: Usunoff Nicola
Published: May 2007

Verfasser berechnet die räumliche Verteilung der senkrechten Spannungskomponente σx und der Schubspannung τ in einem Halbraum, auf dessen Oberfläche eine halbkugelförmig verteilte Belastung wirkt. Nach Aufstellung und Lösung des Grundintegrals werden die Spannungskurven für eine Reihe von Werten der σx und τ konstruiert. Merkbare Übereinstimmung dieser σx‐Kurven bzw.‐Flächen mit denjenigen, die von einer gleichwertigen Einzelkraft herrühren, ist bei Werten kleiner als 0,03 p0 vorhanden.
Harmonische Analyse diskreter Zahlenreihen .
Authors: Rud Erich
Published: May 2007

Es wird ein Verfahren angegeben, mit Hilfe der bekannten Abminderungsfaktoren die Koeffizienten der Trigonometrischen Interpolation instrumentell zu bestimmen. Für die Koeffizienten der Interpolation vom Grade k wird eine Beziehung aufgestellt, die auf einfache Weise den Abminderungsfaktor τk zu berechnen gestattet. Schließlich werden die Formeln angegeben, mit deren Hilfe man den Harmonischen Analysator auch zur Harmonischen Synthese verwenden kann.
Über eine Schwingungserscheinung in Flüssigkeiten mit stabiler Dichteschichtung
Authors: Görtler H.
Published: May 2007

Die Theorie der erzwungenen kleinen Schwingungen in einer der Schwerkraft unterworfenen reibungslosen Flüssigkeit mit stabiler Dichteschichtung führt zur Voraussage einer neuartigen Schwingungserscheinung: Die Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung für die Verschiebungsamplituden zeitlich harmonischer Schwingungen als Funktionen der Ortskoordinaten ist für Frequenzen unterhalb eines von der jeweiligen Dichteschichtung abhängigen kritischen Werts vom hyperbolischen Typ. Demgemäß treten Regularitätsdefekte dieser Größen an einem Orte zugleich in allen Punkten der durch diesen Ort gehenden reellen Charakteristiken der Differentialgleichung auf. In einfachen Experimenten läßt sich diese Erscheinung beobachten. Die theoretischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten des Charakteristikenverlaufs im einzelnen erfahren dabei ihr Bestätigung.
Mathematische Theorie der Zeit/Menge‐Beziehungen bestimmter Vergiftungsvorgänge
Authors: Geppert Maria‐Pia
Published: May 2007

Es wird der Versuch unternommen, eine bei gewissen kontinuierlichen Vergiftungen empirisch gefundene Beziehung zwischen konstanter Infusionsgeschwindigkeit und Infusionsdauer (bis zum Tode) aus bestimmten Annahmen über die Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit des betreffenden Giftes mathematisch herzuleiten. Die Untersuchung wird ausgedehnt auf weitere, dem Gesetz der monomolekularen Reaktion bzw. dem Massenwirkungsgesetz verwandte Annahmen über die Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit.
Numerische Integration einer Differentialgleichung der Wellenmechanik
Authors: Schade Th.
Published: May 2007

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die numerische Auswertung einer speziellen Schrödingergleichung des Mehrkörperproblems der Atomphysik unter Zugrundelegung gewisser analytischer Aussagen vor allem im asymptotischen Verhalten der Lösung der Differentialgleichung. Damit kann das bisherige Auswertungsverfahren erheblich gekürzt werden.

Im I. und II. Teil wird die Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung als Eigenwertproblem behandelt, wobei auch an Hand von Störungsrechnungen quantitative Aussagen über Eigenwertänderungen bei Änderung des Potentials und anderer Funktionen der Differentialgleichung gemacht werden, die für die Iterationsrechnung wesentlich sind.
Beitrag zur Entstehung von Wasserwellen durch Wind
Authors: Wuest Walter
Published: May 2007

Die Entstehung von Wasserwellen durch Wind wird auf eine Instabilität der ebenen Wasserfläche gegenüber kleinen Störungen zurückgeführt. Dabei werden laminare Grenzschichten in Wasser und Luft berücksichtigt und für die Grundströmung lineare und gekrümmte Geschwindigkeitsprofile zugrundegelegt. Die Rechnung ergibt einen wesentlichen Einfluß der Luftgrenzschicht und die Wellenlänge der zuerst gebildeten Wellen hängt von der Grenzschichtdicke ab.
Ein Beitrag zur Statik der Kreisplatten
Authors: Jung H.
Published: May 2007

Durch die Anwendung der Hankeltransformation ist es gelungen, Differentialgleichungen auf einem neuen einfachen Weg zu lösen. Das Verfahren wurde zur Bestimmung der Durchbiegung von Kreisplatten bei rotationssymmetrischer Lastverteilung herangezogen. Auf demselben Weg lassen sich Verfahren zur Behandlung der Druckverteilung unter Kreisplatten, die auf einem elastischen Medium aufliegen, finden. Ebenfalls kann auf diesem Weg die „Wärmebeulung von Kreisplatten”︁ behandelt werden.
Die Entspannungswelle bei plötzlichem Einschnitt eines gespannten elastischen Körpers
Authors: Maue A.‐W.
Published: May 2007

Ein unter Zug stehendes elastisches Medium wird senkrecht zur Zugspannung von einer Seite her momentan aufgeschnitten. Die Untersuchung des ablaufenden Entspannungsvorganges wird als zweidimensionales Problem durchgeführt. Die Lösung erfolgt unter Benutzung der vorliegenden Ähnlichkeitsverhältnisse mit funktionentheoretischen Methoden.
Über die Darstellung der Durchbiegung von rechteckigen Platten durch Integrale der ϑ‐Logarithmen
Authors: Müller Wilhelm
Published: May 2007

Für die Darstellung der Durchbiegung von rechteckigen Platten werden einige neue komplexe Reihen aufgestellt, die aus den Logarithmen der ϑ‐Funktionen durch Integration ableitbar sind. Diese Reihenfunktionen werden im Gebiet des Elementarrechtecks tabuliert und der Verlauf des Realteils und des Imaginärteils durch die Niveaulinien veranschaulicht. Die in der Arbeit behandlte Anwendung bezieht sich auf die wichtigen Sonderfälle einer durchlaufenden Pilzdecke und einer in einem Punkt belasteten frei aufliegenden Platte.
Elementarer Beweis für die Eindeutigkeit der Strömung in der laminaren Grenzschicht zur Potentialströmung U_u1xm mit m ⩾ 0 bei Absaugen und Ausblasen
Authors: Iglisch Rudolf
Published: May 2007

Man beherrscht die Strömung in der laminaren Grenzschicht um einen ebenen unendlich ausgedehnten Keil vom Öffnungswinkel β · π, zu der die Potentialströmung U=u1 xm mit m=β/(2–β) gehört, wenn man die gewöhnliche Differentialgleichung f‴ + ff″+β (1–f′2) = 0 unter den Randbedingungen f(0) = C, f′(0)=0, f′(∞)=1 löst. Daß dieses Problem für β ⩾ 0 nur eine einzige Lösung besitzen kann, unter der Zusatzbedingung f′(η)>0 für η > 0 (das bedeutet eine Strömung ohne Rückfließen), wird in der folgenden Note auf elementarem Wage bewiesen.
Die Einschließung von Eigenwerten hermitescher Matrizen beim Iterationsverfahren
Authors: Kreyszig E.
Published: May 2007

Im Anschluß an eine Theorie von Wielandt [1,2]

Laufende Nummer des Literaturverzeichnisses am Schluß der Arbeit.

werden Einschließungsintervalle für die Eigen werte einer gegebenen hermiteschen Matrix A auf Grund einer ebenfalls gegebenen Iterationsfolge von Vektoren x0, x1=Ax0, …, xs=Asx0 ermittelt. Abschnitt 1 bringt Ergebnisse von Wielandt, Abschnitt 2 Beiträge zur Theorie des „Zweischrittverfahrens”︁ und Abschnitt 3 die numerische Durchführung der Einschließung beim Ein‐ und Zweischrittverfahren.
Feeding enrichment methods for Pacific walrus calves
Authors: Kastelein Ronald A. , Jennings Nancy , Postma Jacobus
Published: May 2007

In the wild, walrus calves are occupied with many behaviors necessary for survival. In captivity there is usually less to occupy them. Therefore it is necessary to develop other ways to occupy the animals to prevent negative behavior. In the present study, food in four different types of dispensers were tested on two walrus calves: fish in ice, fish in a nine‐hole container, fish in a two‐hole container, and fish in ice in a one‐hole container. All four methods of offering fish had an effect on the animals' behavior. There were differences in the way the two animals responded to each of the four dispensers. The dispensers occupied one animal on average between 32–95% of the 90‐min test periods, and the other animal for between 14–57% of the test periods. Due to the effect of learning and rapid development of the calves, which were shifting from a 100% formula diet to a 100% fish diet during the study period, the four methods cannot be compared. Besides the time feeding methods occupy animals, the practicality of a dispenser determines how often it will be used by the keepers. Of the four dispenser types tested in the present study, the nine‐hole container was the most practical and was still used frequently by the keepers years after the study. Zoo Biol 0:1–12, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.