bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description and Evaluation of the JULES-ES setup for ISIMIP2b
Authors: Mathison Camilla , Burke Eleanor , Hartley Andrew J. , Kelley Douglas I. , Burton Chantelle , Robertson Eddy , Gedney Nicola , Williams Karina , Wiltshire Andy , Ellis Richard J. , Sellar Alistair , Jones Chris
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Global studies of climate change impacts that use future climate model projections also require projections of land surface changes. Simulated land surface performance in Earth System models is often affected by the atmospheric models’ climate biases, leading to errors in land surface projections. Here we run the JULES-ES land surface model with ISIMIP2b bias-corrected climate model data from 4 global climate models (GCMs). The bias correction reduces the impact of the climate biases present in individual models. We evaluate JULES-ES performance against present-day observations to demonstrate its usefulness for providing required information for impacts such as fire and river flow. We simulate a historical and two future scenarios; a mitigation scenario RCP2.6 and RCP6.0, which has very little mitigation. We include a standard JULES-ES configuration without fire as a contribution to ISIMIP2b and JULES-ES with fire as a potential future development. Simulations for gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and albedo compare well against observations. Including fire improves the simulations, especially for ET and albedo and vegetation distribution, with some degradation in shrub cover and river flow. This configuration represents some of the most current earth system science for land surface modelling. The suite associated with this configuration provides a basis for past and future phases of ISIMIP, providing a simulation setup, postprocessing and initial evaluation using ILAMB. This suite ensures that it is as straightforward, reproducible and transparent as possible to follow the protocols and participate fully in ISIMIP using JULES.
Unraveling the burial and exhumation history of foreland basins using the spread of apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He single grain ages
Authors: Frings Kevin Alexander , Luijendijk Elco , Dunkl István , Kukla Peter , Villamizar-Escalante Nicolas , Madritsch Herfried , von Hagke Christoph
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Reconstructing the evolution of foreland basins that experienced late exhumation is challenging due to an incomplete sedimentary record. Thermochronometry has been applied successfully to reconstruct basin evolution, but the method is subject to uncertainties. For the Swiss Molasse Basin, a wide range of exhumation magnitude and timing has been proposed based on thermochronometry. We aim to reduce uncertainty by dating larger numbers of grains and samples, to obtain statistically more robust data. New apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (AHe) data from a single borehole shows ages of 4 to 30 Ma in the upper 500 meters and ages of 3 to 80 Ma below 1300 meters. This is counterintuitive as a total reset is expected at depths exceeding approximately 600 m. To arrive at a single consistent thermal history including our and previously published data, we conduct thermal modeling with different software. In particular we test the influence of different provenance histories and distinguish between cooling associated with changes in heat flow vs changes in exhumation. We determine 1050 m +/- 100 m of exhumation, starting slowly at 13 Ma and accelerating at 9 Ma. Coinciding with exhumation, heat flow begins to rise sharply, causing heating until 5 Ma, despite ongoing exhumation. We show that this discrepancy between start of exhumation and start of cooling is the main reason for differing estimates for the burial and exhumation history of the basin. We suggest that the remaining misfit between modeled and measured Molasse AHe ages can be explained by post-Miocene hydrothermal flux in the Neogene sediment fill above a sealing layer, potentially the Opalinus Clay or Triassic evaporites. In summary, we show that a single consistent model for basin exhumation relies on large sets of grains and samples, as well as inclusion of provenance ages in the models. With timing of the main exhumation phase constrained to start at 9 Ma, we can rule out a 5 Ma climatic event as exhumation driver. As the region is not affected by extensive faulting, deep seated processes related to mantle dynamics remain as exhumation driving process.
Declining water resources in response to global warming and changes in atmospheric circulation patterns over southern Mediterranean France
Authors: Labrousse Camille , Ludwig Wolfgang , Pinel Sébastien , Sadaoui Mahrez , Toreti Andrea , Lacquement Guillaume
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Warming trends are responsible for an observed decrease
of water discharge in southern France (northwestern Mediterranean). Ongoing
climate change and the likely increase of water demand threaten the
availability of water resources over the coming decades. Drought indices
like the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) are increasingly used in climate
characterization studies, but little is known about the relationships
between these indices, water resources, and the overall atmospheric
circulation patterns. In this study, we investigate the relationships
between the RDI, water discharge, and four atmospheric
teleconnection patterns (TPs) for six coastal river basins in southern
France, both for the historical period of the last 60 years and for a
worst-case climatic scenario (RCP8.5) reaching the year 2100. We combine
global and regional climate model (CGM and RCM, respectively) outputs with a
set of observed climatic and hydrological data in order to investigate the
past relationships between the RDI, water discharge, and TPs and to project their
potential evolution in space and time. Results indicate that annual water
discharge can be reduced by −49 % to −88 % by the end of the century under the
extreme climate scenario conditions. Due to unequal links with TPs, the
hydroclimatic evolution is unevenly distributed within the study area.
Indeed a clustering analysis performed with the RDI time series detects two
major climate clusters, separating the eastern and western part of the study
region. The former indicates stronger relationships with the Atlantic TPs
(e.g. the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the
Scandinavian Oscillation (Scand) patterns), whereas the latter is more closely
related to the Mediterranean TPs (Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) and Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO)). The future climate
simulations predict an antagonistic evolution in both clusters which are
likely driven by decreasing trends of Scand and WeMO. The former provokes a
general tendency of lower P in both clusters during spring, summer, and
autumn, whereas the latter might partly compensate for this evolution by
enhanced precipitation in the eastern cluster during autumn and winter.
However, compared to observations, representation of the Mediterranean TPs
WeMO and MO in the considered climate models is less satisfactory compared
to the Atlantic TPs NAO and Scand, and further improvement of the model
simulations therefore requires better representations of the Mediterranean
TPs.
A field study on ice melting and breakup in a boreal lake, Pääjärvi, in Finland
Authors: Zhang Yaodan , Fregona Marta , Loehr John , Ala-Könni Joonatan , Song Shuang , Leppäranta Matti , Li Zhijun
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Lake ice melting and breakup form a fast, nonlinear process with important mechanical, chemical, and biological consequences. The process is difficult to study in the field due to safety issues, and therefore relatively little is known about its details. In the present work, ice monitoring was based on foot, hydrocopter, and boat to get a full time-series of the evolution of ice structure and geochemical properties through the melting period. The field observations were made in Lake Pääjärvi during the ice decay periods in 2018 and 2022. In 2022, the maximum thickness of ice was 55 cm with 60 % snow-ice, and based on the data and heat budget analysis, the ice melted by 33 cm from the surface and 22 cm from the bottom while porosity increased to 40–50 % at breakup. In 2018, the snow-ice layer was small and bottom and internal melting dominated during the decay. Due to global warming, the ice breakup date became earlier. The mean melting rates were 1.31 cm d–1 in 2022 and 1.55 cm d–1 in 2018. In 2022 the electrical conductivity (EC) in ice was 11.4±5.79 S cm–1, one order of magnitude lower than in the lake water, and ice pH was 6.44±0.28, lower by 0.4 than in water. pH and EC of ice and lake water decreased along the ice decay except slight increases in ice due to flushing by lake water. Chlorophyll a was less than 0.5 g L–1 in porous ice, approximately one-third of that in the lake water. These results are important for further development of numerical models and understanding the process of ice decay with consequences to lake ecology and to safety of ice cover for human activities.
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917) AND IT’S IMPACTS ON INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
Authors: Sikandar Hayat Afridi, Maria Bibi, Noor-Ul-Huda
Published: December 2022

Social movements are loosely structured but persistent campaigns that promote social objectives, usually the implementation or avoidance of a change in the structure or values of society. Marxism is a school of thought that was created in the middle of the 19th century by Karl Marx and, to a lesser degree, Friedrich Engels. An political and economic agenda, a philosophy of history, and three connected concepts made up its initial composition. Also included is Marxism as it was interpreted and used by the different socialist groups, notably prior to 1914. Then there is Soviet Marxism, which was developed by Vladimir Lenin and refined by Joseph Stalin. Dubbed Marxism-Leninism, this ideology became the guiding principle of the communist parties founded in the wake of the 1917 Russian Revolution. The article's first portion examines Marxist thought and how it has influenced communist groups across the globe. The second part of the paper discussed Lenin's worldview, the legacy of the Tsars, and the Russian Revolution. The third half of the paper discussed the communist and Marxist influences on the Indian Subcontinent. The paper's conclusion is given in the final section.
Anomalies in Physical Cosmology
Authors: Peebles P. James E.
Published: December 2022

The ΛCDM cosmology passes demanding tests that establish it as a good approximation to reality. The theory is incomplete, of course, and open issues are being examined in research programs that promise to improve the cosmological tests and perhaps yield hints to a still better theory. But there is the possibility that less widely discussed observations, if more thoroughly explored, will aid the search for a better theory. I propose to discuss examples.
Practicability and user-friendliness of height measurements by proof of concept APP using Augmented Reality, in 22 healthy children
Authors: Rösler Antonia , Gasparatos Nikolaos , Hermanussen Michael , Scheffler Christiane
Published: December 2022

Background: Child growth is a dynamic process. When measured at short intervals, children’s growth shows characteristic patterns that can be of great importance for clinical purposes.

Objective: To study whether measuring height on a daily basis using an APP is practicable and user-friendly.

Methods: Recruitment took place via Snowball Sampling. Thirteen out of 14 contacted families signed up for a study period of 12 weeks with altogether 22 healthy children aged 3 to 13 years (response rate 93%). The study started with a visit to the family home for the setup of the measurement site, conventional height measuring and initial training of the new measurement process. Follow-up appointments were made at four, eight and 12 weeks. The children’s height was measured at daily intervals at their family homes over a period of three months.

Results: The parents altogether recorded 1704 height measurements and meticulously documented practicability and problems when using the device.

A 93% response rate in recruitment was achieved by maintaining a high motivation within the families. Contact with the principal investigator was permanently available, including open communication, personal training and attendance during the appointments at the family homes.

Conclusion: Measuring height by photographic display is interesting for children and parents and can be used for height measurements at home. A positive response rate of 13 out of 14 families with altogether 22 children highlights feasible recruitment and the high convenience and user-friendliness of daily APP-supported height measurements. Daily APP measurements appear to be a promising new tool for longitudinal growth studies.
Semi-supervised learning-based coverage hole detection in cellular networks
Authors: Al-Ahmed Shahriar Abdullah , Shakir Muhammad Zeeshan
Published: December 2022

For any time-critical mobile network-dependent applications and services, coverage is one of the prominent factors for providing the best Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE). A simple Coverage Hole (CH) may degrade the performance and the reputation of any operator by reducing the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). This is one of the important aspects which need to be planned from the phase of network deployment throughout the whole operational stage. Many factors can cause CH such as attenuation, obstacles and improper network planning. Traditionally, a Drive Test (DT) used to be carried out in order to assess the quality of the mobile network signal. With technological advancement, DT has been replaced by the Minimization of Drive Test (MDT) and included as a part of Self-Organizing Networkss (SONs). The MDT process is applicable to networks that operate in 3G, 4G and 5G technologies. With this method, operators are able to measure network performance with the help of end users' devices. Thus, the network can be managed more conveniently, performance is improved, quality is increased, and maintenance costs are reduced for the network. However, the processing of MDT at the operators' side remains time-consuming and complex especially for CH analysis and detection from mobile network data. Therefore, we present a method by utilising Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) in this paper so that this task becomes uncomplicated with improved accuracy. Our results show that the proposed method achieves better accuracy than the usual classification algorithm.
Shifting Perspectives: How COVID-19 and In-Home Information and Communication Technology Impacted U.S. Residential Internet Perceptions
Authors: Greig Jamie , Nelson Hannah
Published: December 2022

This study analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic has altered individual perceptions of Internet service providers (ISPs) and Internet importance, reliability, and status as an essential public utility (EPU). The authors found that lower income, younger, women, and racial-ethnic minority participants had lower ISP and Internet reliability perceptions. The pandemic increased perception of Internet as an EPU by 15% and access to in-home Information and Communication technology was significantly related to perceptions of Internet importance and reliability. Significantly, women perceived higher importance of household Internet than men, specifically for education, employment, and telehealth. Additionally, racial-ethnic minorities relied on Internet for entertainment and education more than white participants. The authors provide recommendations for public utility models of Internet, Internet-reliant technology adoption campaigns, and policy that targets sociodemographic/geographic barriers to Internet access.
Methodological Guidelines for the Development of Project Assignments in Theoretical Technical Subjects
Authors:   South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Angelova Maya
Published: December 2022

Високотехнологичният свят на XXI век поставя нови изисквания пред образователните системи. Очакванията за успех в съвременното общество се свързват с уменията за намиране и обработване на информация, нестандартно мислене и креативност, способност за самостоятелното усвояване на знанията, умения за решаване на проблеми и намиране на решения, екипност и сътрудничество. Това изисква коренно нови образователни модели и налага промени в методиката на обучение. Такъв съвременен, иновативен модел на обучение, който променя концепцията на самото преподаване и въвежда нови начини на педагогическо ръководство, представлява проектно базираното обучение. В настоящата публикация се предлага примерен вариант за разработване на проектно задание при провеждане на проектно базирано обучение, със съответните методически указания.
STEM in the Classroom (the Role of Technology and Gamification as Part of the Educational Process)
Authors:   “Vasil Levski” Secondary School – Elin Pelin, Grigorova Iva
Published: December 2022

STEM is an education acronym that stands for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, but STEM education extends beyond these technical fields and is an integral part of our daily lives. In recent years, the importance of STEM learning in the classroom to prepare today's students for their future realization is of great significance, but it will grow more and more and it is important to introduce it at an early school age. The purpose of this article is to show how technology and gamification can be successfully integrated into the learning process of students from the primary stage of education to develop skills they will need in the future and in their lives outside the classroom. As a result of technological progress and expanding the boundaries of artificial intelligence, technological resources such as programmable toys are becoming smarter and more accessible to users, making them a powerful tool in the hands of the modern teacher. With their help, in combination with the game approach in teaching topics from the field of STEM sciences, children of this age very quickly, subconsciously and without significant effort develop their creativity, logical and algorithmic thinking. The possibilities that this combination gives us are limitless and allow students, in a fun and understandable way, to reach new depths of the world that surrounds them, stimulate their curiosity and interest in the field of STEM sciences and make them more prepared about the unknowns of the future. This is an effective way to inspire children to innovate into adulthood.
Student Self-government through the Eyes of a Psychologist
Authors:   “Vasil Levski” Secondary School – Elin Pelin, Petrova Borislava
Published: December 2022

At the beginning of the 90s of the 20th century, the school system of Bulgaria implemented a strategy of student self-government through the Student Council. The goal is for students to actively participate in school life. The proposed management system aims to give a different insight to the new generation. The article examines from a psychologist's point of view the problems that different generations face in our common life path. The goals and brief strategy of our high school are presented in order to achieve maximum results in relations, guidelines and perspective in the growth of generation Z. Our main task that we have set ourselves is that our students become not only good specialists in their professions, but also good people. In this dynamic age, teachers and their students need to find an intersection for proper communication, understanding and problem solving in various situations. Efforts should be made to give clear signals when setting various tasks. At “Vasil Levskiˮ Secondary School, we have high goals so that our high school graduates can be competitive on the labor market. We strive to achieve all this through student management at all levels.
Trends in Internal Communications
Authors:   South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Kanchev Nikolay
Published: December 2022

The world of corporate communications has actively begun to use new technologies to effectively disseminate an organization's message to interested audiences - both internal and external. Unlike everyday communication, corporate communications puts this process on a more professional (and commercial) basis, thereby controlling the organization's media relations, crisis communication, communication with external audiences, with investors, and internal communication between managers and staff.
EQUINE HERPESVIRUSES EHV-1 AND EHV-4 IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: КАРАМЕНДИН К.О. , КЫДЫРМАНОВ А.И. , АБИШОВ А.А. , КУМЕКБАЕВА Ж.Ж. , АХМЕТЖАНОВА М.Н.
Published: December 2022

В статье представлены современные сведения о герпесвирусах, вызывающих ринопневмонию у лошадей. Приводятся данные о клинических проявлениях болезни, методах диагностики и вакцинопрофилактики. Приведены результаты серологических исследований в ИФА поголовья лошадей Алматинской области - найдены антитела как к EHV-1, так и к EHV-4. Разработанная тест-система для ПЦР позволяет эффективно диагностировать ринопневмонию у лошадей в коневодческих хозяйствах Казахстана. Полногеномное секвенирование местного штамма EHV-1 показало изменения в геноме после аттенуирования штамма методом многократных пассажей в культуре клеток.

Contemporary data on equine herpesviruses causing rhinopneumonitis in horses are present in this paper. Data on clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosing and vaccine prophylaxis are given. The results of serological studies of the population of horses in the Almaty region in ELISA are presented - antibodies were found both to EHV-1 and EHV-4. The developed PCR makes it possible to effectively diagnose rhinopneumonitis in horse breeding farms in Kazakhstan. Whole genome sequencing of the local strain EHV-1 showed changes in the genome after strain attenuation after multiple passages in cell culture.
Analisis Skenario Rencana Kontinjensi Nuklir Tangerang Selatan Menggunakan JRODOS
Authors:   Direktorat Keteknikan dan Kesiapsiagaan Nuklir, Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir, Apriliani Dewi
Published: December 2022

The scenario of the radionuclide release in the South Tangerang city nuclear contingency plan (2013) uses the GA Siwabessy worst accident scenario, namely the Beyond Design Basis Accident (BDBA). The technique uses a predetermined wind direction and wind speed. However, problems in the field are wind direction constantly changing and may not predict the time of an accident in advance. The objective of this paper is to conduct an initial analysis of the scenario of the radionuclide release in the South Tangerang city nuclear contingency plan using JRODOS decision support software. The study compared the design of the radionuclide release written in the South Tangerang city nuclear contingency plan with the scenario of the radionuclide release from the JRODOS prognosis results. The study used a mixed method and a descriptive and analytical approach. In general, the results show that the prognosis of the radionuclides released by using JRODOS to some extent is similar to the scenario of the radionuclide release of the South Tangerang city nuclear contingency plan, both resulted in an affected area that reaches up to a 5 km radius from the GA Siwabessy reactor. The differences are in the specific affected areas due to different weather data, specifically, wind direction data. According to the condition and parameter used in the study, as discussed in the method section, the results show that the villages of Muncul, Kademangan, and Setu have higher affected risk rather than other towns. Nevertheless, for a more comprehensive analysis, further study is needed by using more event-time scenarios and by selecting the event-time within the range of the South Tangerang city nuclear contingency plan scenario’s event-time. Keywords: GA. Siwabessy reactor, nuclear contingency plan, radionuclide release scenario
Pengaruh Teknik kV Tinggi pada Pemeriksaan Radiografi Thorak Terhadap Entrance Surface Air Kerma dan Dose Area Product yang Diterima oleh Pasien di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang
Authors:   RSUP dr. Kariadi, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, Ramantisan Sanggam , Melinda Tina , Putra Aga Aulia , Pandaningrum Siti Akbari
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of using the high kV technique on chest radiographic examination on Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK), and Dose Area Product (DAP) received by patients. This is one of the optimization efforts in radiation protection and safety in ionizing radiation. This study used retrospective data from chest radiographic images generated by the Siemens Ysio Max radiograph at the Radiology Installation of RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang in 2021. Two voltages were used, 59.8 kV and 108.8 kV, with a total sample of 225 patients. The use of the high kV technique produces a smaller ESAK value, namely with a difference of 60.75%, and a smaller DAP value, namely with a difference of up to 74.92%, compared to using the standard kV technique. These results show a significant difference in the radiation dose produced using the high kV technique with image quality that can still use to diagnose a disease/disorder. Keywords: chest radiography, high kV technique, Entrance Surface Air Kerma, Dose Area Product
“Denying America”: Vivian's Counterstory of Undocumented Status
Authors: Gerrard Crystal Lynn
Published: December 2022

This article provides a counterstory of a formerly undocumented Latina student's experiences navigating school and music education in the United States. Using tenets of undocumented critical theory (UndocuCrit) and counter-storytelling, I share Vivian's journey through secondary and postsecondary education as she encountered systemic barriers in pursuit of a career in music education. Vivian's narrative revealed institutional hindrances that disrupted access to music education at both secondary and postsecondary levels. Notably, shifting policies, misinformation, limited access to funding, and issues with immigration documents interfered with Vivian's aspirations of becoming a certified, full-time music educator. Unwavering familial support and legal assistance from a skilled attorney aided her pursuit of higher education. Eventually, Vivian fashioned a new path in a different field of study and now uses her experiential knowledge to assist others who are undocumented. Possibilities for working with undocumented immigrant students and families are discussed in light of fluid immigration policies and the ongoing sociopolitical climate.
Reconstructing the Coles Creek Settlement System: The View from the Hinterlands
Authors: LaDu Daniel A.
Published: December 2022

Archaeological investigations in the Lower Mississippi Valley continue to demonstrate a penchant for studying mound-and-plaza sites at the expense of the less conspicuous villages and hamlets where the majority of the populace is presumed to have resided. Acknowledging this bias, this article contributes a comparative study of 10 nonmound Terminal Woodland period Coles Creek sites. Following a site-by-site discussion, a preliminary characterization of the complete Late Woodland settlement system is presented, focusing on site size, site layout, and immediate environment. The results underscore the importance of determining whether Coles Creek communities were organized as part of a settlement hierarchy or heterarchy, which has far-ranging implications that affect how we interpret everything from subsistence economics and sociopolitical organization to meanings, beliefs, and worldview of the residents of this region during late prehistory.
Current Evidence Does Not Support a Hopewell Age, Provenience, or Affiliation for the Figurine Allegedly from Hopeton Earthworks or the Hopewell Mound Group
Authors: Bebber Michelle R. , Williams Jeremy C. , Barczok Maximilian , Eren Metin I.
Published: December 2022

Everhart and Biehl's research, discussed within, questions our conclusions regarding a ceramic figurine allegedly from Hopeton Earthworks. They conclude that the figurine is culturally Hopewell and that its provenience is the Hopewell Mound Group. Here, we demonstrate that there is no verified provenience for the figurine and no evidence for validly inferring a Hopewell affiliation. Instead, the preponderance of evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the figurine is non-Hopewell in origin.
The Problem of Identity and Eternal Objects in Whitehead
Authors: Schulz Dwayne
Published: December 2022

This article is an exploration of the problem of identity in Whitehead. Both the Platonic and the nominalistic tendencies in Whitehead are analyzed. His theory of eternal objects is criticized and a process view of identity based on tropes is defended.
Trees: A Panexperiential Exploration
Authors: Dicken Thomas M.
Published: December 2022

This article explores the ontological status of trees from a Whiteheadian panexperientialist viewpoint; it also explores how our relationship with trees affects who we are as human beings.
Christian Ideas as “Nonsense”: The Continuing Legacy of Kant’s Worldview
Authors: Smith L. Scott
Published: December 2022

The present article challenges the bifurcation of the world established by Kant, a bifurcation that continues to plague contemporary thinking about science, religion, and morality. This challenge is aided by Whitehead’s alternative worldview.
The Extensive Continuum versus the “Extensive Dis-Continuum” in Whitehead
Authors: Schulz Dwayne
Published: December 2022

In this article, I argue for the redundancy of Whitehead’s Platonic notion of the extensive continuum, counterposing it to his related notion of an atomic “ether of events.” I argue that Whitehead’s atomic ether is more compatible with orthodox general relativity than generally supposed and remarkably close to the contemporary idea of a discrete manifold in the causal set theory of quantum gravity. I argue that the method of extensive abstraction complements Whitehead’s atomic hypothesis by demonstrating the ultimately fictive nature of any continuum.
Process Perspectivism and Linguistic Relativity
Authors: Veitch Glen
Published: December 2022

A thorough appreciation of the Whiteheadian subjectivist principle necessitates both a doctrine of panexperientialism as well as a metaphysical perspectivism. Employing a dialectical analysis of these two, this article argues that reality—as understood by the Whiteheadian term “actual world”—is largely misunderstood. Far from representing a singular concrete world, reality is multiplicitous and subject-dependent. As a result of this and the core tenet of process metaphysics—that all existents can be understood as event—it is argued that human language, as its own species of event, interacts with reality in the same way all other events do, and as such must be considered genuinely ontologically creative.
Theoretical Note on the Nature of the Present
Authors: Brown Jason
Published: December 2022

This article is an extension to a theory of the present based on a model of mind and brain that began with studies of disorders of language in cases of focal brain damage and the analysis of symptoms in general neuropsychology. These studies developed into a model of the mind/brain state and its relevance to most of the central problems in speculative psychology and philosophy of mind. A new interpretation of the aphasias in relation to brain process and the application of this interpretation to the dynamic structure of action (in which phases in word and act production are mapped onto evolutionary patterns in forebrain growth) was extended to an account of perceptual disorders and a theory of normal perception that involved a radical revision of classical perception theory (see Brown, “Microgenetic”). In effect, by turning the standard account of object formation upside down, the process of object development could be aligned with that of act and language formation, such that all cognitive systems could be framed in terms of a unitary model of brain and mental process. The scope of application was such that it constituted a Bauplan or general model for the organization of mentality and the nervous system that led, organically, to a theory of the mind/brain state, then to the nature of process, change, and subjective time. Since the account was based on symptoms in relation to evolutionary concepts, it was essential to work out a theory of symptom formation, which gave rise to a more comprehensive view of the link between microgenesis and phylo-ontogeny.
God Is Not Eternal, Nor Are We: On the Blessedness of Being in Time
Authors: Sydnor Jon Paul
Published: December 2022

The association of God with eternity, and eternity with timelessness, harms Christian spiritual life. If eternity is superior to time, then God’s placement of human beings within time is ungenerous. Fortunately, the Christian concept of God as triune commends divine becoming through time. In particular, the social Trinitarian view that God is three persons united through love demands divine temporality. Relationality relies on change for its content. So, for God to be internally related, God must be internally timeful. Moreover, to assert that the Trinitarian persons relate through time places a high value on human relationships. Created in the image of God, we are called to create ever-closer community through time. This effort sanctifies time, rendering kairos of chronos. Kairos is the experience of time as sacred, whereas chronos is the experience of time as purposeless. For the three persons of the Trinity, all time is kairos. For us, every moment contains the potential for kairos because God sustains the universe continually. Through faith, the moment-by-moment progression of time can become the grace-by-grace gift of God.
How Subjects Can Emerge from Neurons
Authors: LaRock Eric , Jones Mostyn
Published: December 2022

We pose a foundational problem for those who claim that subjects are ontologically irreducible, but causally reducible (weak emergence). This problem is neuroscience’s notorious binding problem, which concerns how distributed neural areas produce unified mental objects (such as perceptions) and the unified subject that experiences them. Synchrony, synapses, and other mechanisms cannot explain this. We argue that this problem seriously threatens popular claims that mental causality is reducible to neural causality. Weak emergence additionally raises evolutionary worries about how we have survived the perils of nature. Our emergent subject hypothesis (ESH) avoids these shortcomings. Here, a singular, unified subject acts back on the neurons it emerges from and binds sensory features into unified mental objects. Serving as the mind’s controlling center, this subject is ontologically and causally irreducible (strong emergence). Our ESH draws on recent experimental evidence, including the evidence for a possible correlate (or “seat”) of the subject, which enhances its testability.
Three Paradigm Theories of Time: Bergson, McTaggart, and Whitehead
Authors: Luft Eric v. d.
Published: December 2022

The three theories considered here, real continuous time (Bergson), real serial time (Whitehead), and unreal time (McTaggart), are each in some sense a reaction to Hume’s theory of serial or “spatialized” time. Hence, Hume’s theory is elaborated on as a foundation for the discussion and comparison of the subsequent three. This brief excursion into the nature of time may help to illuminate the differences among these three and to suggest some of their possible implications, particularly with regard to (1) the existential difference between intuited or transcendent time and experienced or immanent time and (2) the qualitative or ontological difference between the eternal and the temporal.
Whitehead and Media Ecology: Toward a Communicative Cosmos
Authors: Segall Matthew T.
Published: December 2022

This article brings media ecology into conversation with Alfred North Whitehead’s philosophy of organism in an effort to lure the former beyond its normally anthropocentric orientation. The article is divided into two parts. Part 1 spells out the way Whitehead’s approach can aid media ecology in developing a less anthropocentric theory of communication. Part 2 engages more specifically with Mark B. N. Hansen’s Feed-Forward: On the Future of Twenty-First-Century Media. Hansen’s work is an example of the exciting new directions opened up for media theory by Whitehead’s panexperientialist ontology, but I argue that Hansen’s attempt to “invert” Whitehead’s theory of perception is based on a terminological confusion.
Does “Divine Hiddenness” Neutralize the Problem of Evil? Is Process Theodicy More Adequate? A Constructive Process Critique of Paul Moser’s Proposals
Authors: Elistratov Ruslan
Published: December 2022

This article critically engages Paul Moser’s “Divine Hiddenness Response” to the problem of evil—an approach to have recently come out of traditional free-will theism. I begin with identifying the initial common ground between Moser’s thought and process theology that arguably coincides with what can be called the “Four Noble Truths of Christianity. “ However, when confronted with the problem of evil that threatens the credibility of these truths, Moser offers an epistemic strategy to address this threat without modifying the classical concept of omnipotence and without having a full-explanation theodicy. I will argue that, far from helping the situation, this approach exacerbates it and is therefore strongly undesirable. In addition, Moser’s assumption of the absence of an adequate theodicy is unjustified in light of the demonstrable merits of process theodicy in accomplishing what omnipotence-preserving approaches cannot do—defusing the defeaters to Christianity’s Four Noble Truths effectively. Thus, it is desirable and, in the absence of better options, epistemically obligatory that omnipotence be modified and replaced with a version of God’s perfect power that is more coherent and evidence-based, and is also in line with a significant strand within the Bible.
Divine Power, Friendship, and Theodicy
Authors: Moser Paul K.
Published: December 2022

This article examines the kind of power available to a God worthy of worship, in connection with the prospect for a full theodicy for the world’s suffering and evil. It portrays how such a God would seek to relate to people with uncoerced reconciliation to God as a gift having definite expectations of them. To that end, God would be elusive and hidden at times, including regarding ultimate purposes, to minimize the alienation of humans from God. We have no good reason to suppose that God would reveal divine purposes to humans in a way that gives them a full theodicy. Similarly, we have no good reason to acknowledge a certain kind of limitation in divine power over evil, but, given divine goodness, we would expect to have such a clear reason if God had such a limitation. The absence of the latter clear reason counts against a proposed full theodicy.
The Road from Leibniz to Whitehead (and Beyond): Monadology and Process Philosophy
Authors: Bensusan Hilan
Published: December 2022

This article is an attempt to compare the monadological multitude in Leibniz with Whitehead’s view of process and the present. Some contemporary philosophers are considered (e.g., Levinas) in the effort to understand the monadologies of these two thinkers.
Religious Perspectives on Environmental Issues: A Dialogue with John Cobb
Authors: Sayem Md. Abu
Published: December 2022

This article is a transcription of a dialogue between Mohammad Abu Sayem and John Cobb that took place on June 24, 2019. The major topic covered in the dialogue is the relationship between Cobb’s environmental thought and theology.
Nygren and Oord on Love: A Critique
Authors: McCall Bradford
Published: December 2022

This article offers a critique of Anders Nygren’s influential theory of love, which radically distinguishes among eros, agape, and philia. By contrast, a defense is offered of Thomas Jay Oord’s view, which I label “kenotically donated love” or “full-Oorded” love. Comparisons are developed of related biological relationships like mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
The Animacy of Stone: A Whiteheadian Perspective
Authors: Govaerts Brecht
Published: December 2022

This article undertakes a critical analysis of the adoption of process metaphysics in the field of archaeology and anthropology for the explanation of animism. The field of “new animism” has adopted process metaphysics in order to counter the nineteenth-century definition of animism as epistemological projection toward animism as ontological condition. This shift from epistemology to ontology has the danger of equating animism with process metaphysics as such. By examining the category of propositional judgment within Whitehead’s metaphysics, I argue that the condition of animism emerges through a judgment of truth, which is aesthetic. It is through Whitehead’s integration of propositional judgment within his metaphysical system that one can understand that an ontological approach toward animism is not necessarily opposed to a reflective type of experience.
On Hartshorne’s Creative Understanding of the Christian View of Love and Its Significance for Comparative Religious Studies
Authors: Wang Jiran
Published: December 2022

Charles Hartshorne highlights sympathy as a core element of God’s love that is undervalued in Christian theology. A detailed understanding of the relationship between loving God and loving others and loving others as oneself is developed based on God’s sympathetic love. A comparison between Hartshorne’s sympathetic love and Confucian empathetic ren is possible since both eliminate the estrangement between the subject loving and the subject loved and both expand love to others beyond the limited scope of love in human moral practice.
Freedom as a Centralizing Motif in the Work of Henri Bergson
Authors: Macallan Brian Claude
Published: December 2022

Contemporary debates on freedom traverse questions concerning metaphysics, the mind/body relationship, evolution, morality, and religion. Throughout his life, the French philosopher Henri Bergson dealt with these questions from the perspective of time, believing that spatializing these problems led to inadequate solutions. That freedom was a centralizing concern in his oeuvre can be demonstrated in the way he approached these questions in challenging determinism, materialism, mechanism, and finalism. Bergson studies, despite noting the importance of freedom for Bergson, have focussed on intuition and duration as his seminal contributions. Bergson himself never thematized freedom in any specific way, but by working with a positive conception of freedom, as a creation of the new within the flow of duration, freedom can be seen as a centralizing motif in his work. By clarifying the nature of freedom and its centrality, the ground can be cleared for a Bergsonian intervention into contemporary debates on freedom.
The God of Religion and the God of Philosophy Debate Revisited: Hartshorne, Peirce, and Weil
Authors: Boulting Noel
Published: December 2022

This article explores the relationship between “the God of religion” and “the God of philosophy” via four key concepts: existence, actuality, reality, and mystical experience. The exploration of these key concepts relies heavily on the thought of Charles Hartshorne, but it also relies on crucial insights from Charles Sanders Peirce and Simone Weil.
Whitehead and the Immanence of Extension
Authors: Vermeiren Florian
Published: December 2022

The Extensive Continuum is most often seen as an empty form that awaits the accommodation of actuality. Contrary to this popular interpretation, I argue that extension is completely immanent to actual occasions and their prehensive relations. Whitehead’s doctrine of internal relations entails that extension cannot be separated from actual occasions, just as actual occasions cannot be separated from extension. To prehend is to extend. Furthermore, any strict separation of form and actuality is shown to bifurcate nature into publicity and privacy. Only with the immanence of extension is nature truly one.
Virginia Woolf’s “Ontoethics” in Her Late Oeuvre from the Perspective of Alfred North Whitehead’s Philosophy of Organism
Authors: Krajickova Veronika
Published: December 2022

In “A Sketch of the Past,” Virginia Woolf introduces her personal philosophy, her own ontology, based on the idea that all human and nonhuman beings are interconnected in a single work of art. This idea is foregrounded in her novels The Waves, Between the Acts, and the pacifist manifesto Three Guineas, where Woolf fully develops her “ontoethics,” which consists in ontological interconnection of human beings and recognition of value of every human and nonhuman being. This article discusses this universal relationality via Alfred North Whitehead’s philosophy of organism, which emphasizes the interrelatedness of all constituents of reality and solidarity that springs from this ontological bond.
PREVALENCE OF POTATO LEAF ROLL VIRUS DISEASE IMPACTS AND SEVERAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO HALT THE DAMAGE
Authors: REHMAN KU , KHALID MN , NAWAZ MS
Published: December 2022

The lethal and widespread potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) is found in many potato farms. It not only leads to worldwide yield loss, but also to yield loss in Pakistan. The appearance of symptoms distinguishes both primary and secondary illnesses. Pathogen management methods follow pathogen detection systems. Furthermore, environmental factors contribute to the development of disease prediction models, which aid in the development of strategies to protect crops from viral infection. This article provides an overview of potato leaf roll virus damage, prospects and several management strategies to control it.
Rooting response of softwood nodal cuttings of Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham) as influenced by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition of the stock plant
Authors: Bakshi Meena , Pal Mohinder , Prakash Rakesh
Published: December 2022

One year old seedlings of Dalbergia sissoo were given 27 combinations of NPK fertilizers in 4 split doses. The stock plants were coppiced at 10 cm height. The juvenile shoots produced after 8 weeks of coppicing were exploited for rooting. Six to seven cm long softwood single nodal cuttings were prepared and divided into two groups. One group was given auxin treatment of IBA 2000 ppm solution (Quick dip method) and the other was kept as control. The influence of stock plant fertilization and auxin on rooting and sprouting of juvenile cuttings was studied. The fertilized cuttings responded better in rooting, sprouting and other allied parameters as compared to unfertilized cuttings although inconsistencies were observed for different treatments. The maximum rooting and sprouting (100%) was obtained in F7 (N0P200K0) and F11 (N100P0K100) combinations against 93% rooting observed in control. The synergistic effect of fertilization and IBA treatment was clearly discernible for most of the treatments. The statistical analysis for various fertilizer treatments revealed significant differences (P<0.05) with respect to all parameters of rooting and sprouting. Significant variation between auxin and non-auxin treated cuttings was achieved with respect to root number only. The interaction between fertilization and auxin was also statistically significant with respect to root, sprout number and shoot length while it was insignificant for other parameters.