bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FBG sensor strain performance analysis using optisystem software too
Authors: Mohd Razi Muhammad Imaduddin , Che Beson Mohd Rashidi , Norlyana Azemi Saidatul , Alwee Aljunid Syed
Published: April 2019

Fibre Bragg Grating is an optical fibre that widely use as sensor to sense strain, temperature and pressure. The advantages of FBG sensor are it will not affected by electromagnetic interference which can improve the accuracy of the result and also can be wearable sensor. In this paper, Optisystem software tools are used to analyse the strain performance of FBG sensor for monitoring knee joint movement in rehabilitation process. Single mode FBG with original wavelength of 1550nm are used to get the accurate result because of less attenuation and absorption factor. This project also analysed the wavelength shifted when strain experienced by FBG change. The accuracy of sensor and method of delivering the result are taken into the account. The interrogator are used to display the wavelength shifted by the FBG when there is change in strain experienced by FBG. All of the proposed designed are tested by using simulation software and the wavelength shifted in the simulation are compared to the theoretical value that has been calculated in this project. The development of this system expected to improve the rehabilitation process towards a healthy life.
Corrupted packets discarding mechanism to alleviate congestion in wireless body area network
Authors: Nadia Wan Abdullah Wan Aida , Yaakob Naimah , Badlishah Ahmad R. , Elshaikh Elobaid Mohamed , Asilah Yah Siti
Published: April 2019

Generation of high traffic from continuous sensing and collection of medical data from various biosensors on multiple body is most likely to occur in the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). This could be a factor to the congestion in the network. Occurrence of congestion would collapse the performances in the WBAN network in terms of increment in delay, high packets loss, reduction in throughput and packet deliver ratio (PDR). The crucial concerns in WBAN are prevention from the loss of critical data and longer delay in the network as they could result to late delivery of medical treatment and possibility of the increase in mortality. Therefore, this study proposes a mechanism to alleviate the congestion from happening in the first place through discarding the corrupted packets before the beginning of data transmission to the base station. Extensive simulations are done in OMNeT+ to analyze the performance of the proposed mechanism by varying traffic from low to high under different number of nodes and constant Bit Error Rate (BER) and packet size. From the finding, it can be concluded that the proposed mechanism shows better performances in terms of low delay and packet loss as well as high throughput and PDR compared to typical WBAN.
A hypothesis of state covariance decorrelation effects to partial observability SLAM
Authors: Ahmad H , Othman N.A , M Saari M , S Ramli M , M Mazlan M , Namerikawa T
Published: April 2019

This paper analyze the performance of partial observability in simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) problem. The study focuses mainly on the effect of having a decorrelation technique known as Covariance Inflation to the estimation. The matrix inversion will be the main element to be investigated through two conditions with respect to some defined environment namely as unstable partially observable SLAM and partially observable SLAM via matrix norm analysis. For assessment purposes, the Extended Kalman Filter estimation is referred as the estimator to understand how the conditions can influence the results. The simulation results depicted that, the matrix norm is able to determine the efficiency of estimation and is proportional to the uncertainties of the system.
Computer aided system for lymphoblast classification to detect acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mohd Safuan Syadia Nabilah , Md Tomari Mohd Razali , Wan Zakaria Wan Nurshazwani , Haji Mohd Mohd Norzali , Surayahani Suriani Nor
Published: April 2019

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a disease that is detected by the presence of lymphoblast cell. Basically, lymphoblast cell is the abnormal cell of lymphocyte which is one of the White Blood Cell (WBC) types. Early prevention is suggested as this disease can be fatal and caused death. Traditionally, ALL is detected by using manual analysis which is challenging and time consuming. It can also yield inaccurate result as it is highly dependent on the pathologist’s skills. Industry has come out with hematology counter which is fast, accurate and automated. However, these machines are costly and cannot be afforded by some countries. For that reason, Computer Aided System (CAS) will be a great help to the pathologist for assisting purposes and it also can act as second opinion for the pathologist. This system contains six main steps which are color space correction, WBC segmentation, post processing, clumped area extraction, feature extraction and lymphoblast classification. Firstly, color space correction is apply by using l*a*b* color space to standardize the image’s intensity. Next, WBC segmentation is made to prune out WBC region using color space analysis with Otsu thresholding. However, segmented image contains noises that need to be eliminated and it is accomplished by applying morphological filter with Connected Component Labelling (CCL). There is an overlapping WBC which need to be separated by using Watershed method to extract the individual cells. Next, feature extraction is made to collect the cell’s data to be fed into the classifier. Classifier used in this system to classify lymphoblast is Support Vector Machine (SVM) and this system is able to achieve 96.69% of accuracy.
Manual clock distribution technique in partitioning stage for multi-FPGA prototyping
Authors: Savugathali Salahuddin , Mustapa Muslim , Faiz Zakaria Fazrul
Published: April 2019

As the complexity of ASIC/SoC design is increasing along with the number of logic gates, a prototyping process in the verification stage is facing a challenge when the ASIC/SoC design cannot fit into a single FPGA. A solution to prototyping multi-million logic gates of ASIC/SoC circuit into the FPGA platform for verification purpose is by partition the design into multi-FPGA. There are various implementation tools and platform available in the market which automates an FPGA-based prototype phase such as Cadence Protium Rapid Prototyping Platform, Synopsys and S2C. In this paper, Synopsys protocompiler tool will be used to perform the prototyping process of the large 4 core CPU based circuit into the HAPS-80 FPGA platform. This paper will be focusing on the partition requirement needed to successfully prototype the large SoC circuit into the multi-FPGA. The presence of cut clocks in a circuit after partition stage will resulting to the failure in routing stage due to the congestion error. In this paper, two techniques are used, which is automatic clock replication by the Synopsys Protocompiler tool and our proposed technique which is Manual Clock Distribution technique to solve the presence of the cut clock, so that the circuit is able to meet the partition requirement to complete the prototyping process into multi-FPGA. Obtained result from the proposed technique showing that prototyping the large SoC circuit into the multi-FPGA platform has met the specification by eliminating 100% presence of cut clock.
FPGA-based embedded architecture for IoT home automation application
Authors: Ooi Chee-Pun , Tan Wooi-Haw , Cheong Soon-Nyean , Lee Yee-Lien , M. Baskaran V. , Low Yeong-Liang
Published: April 2019

An Internet of Things (IoT) FPGA-based home hub to automate control operations in a home environment was designed and built. The proposed system uses an FPGA home hub as its local analytic engine with an IoT platform to store the sensory data. The FPGA was programmed in Verilog HDL using Quartus II provided by Altera. The WiFi capability of the FPGA was extended through an ESP8266 chip to ease the interfacing with various sensors connected to it. The system can be configured and monitored through a web application coded in JavaScript. Various test cases were carried out on the implemented system at Multimedia University (MMU) Digital Home Lab. The results verified the functionality of the system in triggering real home appliances (i.e. air conditioning unit and lighting) based on multiple sensor nodes without conflicting each other. The ability to allow user to configure the control rules based on the sensory data via web interface hosted using ThingSpeak Plugins is also presented and demonstrated in this project. The base design is utilizing Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE22F17C6N FPGA with 153 I/O pins, which is highly scalable and adaptable to the requirements of home environments. This shows promising application of FPGA in supporting scalable IoT home automation system.
Design of on-chip temperature-based digital signal processing for customized wireless microcontroller
Authors: R. Faezal S.F. , N. Isa M. , Taking S. , N. Mohyar S. , B. Jambek A. , Harun A.
Published: April 2019

Dramatic rises in power density and die sizes inside system-on-chip (SoC) design have led to the thermal issue. High temperatures or uneven temperature distributions may result not only in reliability issues, also has become the biggest issue that can limit the system performance.  This paper presents the design and simulation of a temperature-based digital signal processing unit for modern system-on-chip design using the Verilog HDL. This design provides continuous monitoring of temperature and reacts to specified conditions. The simulation of the system has been done on Synopsys Software. The result showed that temperature monitoring process is within the temperature range due to the incorporation of an interrupt-based system and with an advantage of minimum chip area required.
2.45 GHz wearable rectenna array design for microwave energy harvesting
Authors: Shawalil Syahirah , Abdul Rani Khairul Najmy , A. Rahim Hasliza
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a design of a wearable textile microstrip patch rectifying antenna (rectenna) array operating for wireless body area network (WBAN) at the center frequency, fc of 2.45 GHz.  Precisely, jeans or denim with the relative permittivity,  = 1.70 and thickness of 1.00 mm is chosen as a substrate attached to SheildIt Super as a conductive material with the thickness, h of 0.17 mm and conductivity of 6.67  105 S/m, respectively. In the first stage, a microstrip patch antenna array layout with the inset fed technique is designed and simulated by using the Keysight Advanced Design System (ADS) software.  In the second stage, a wearable textile microstrip patch antenna array is fabricated, integrated, and hidden inside the jeans fabric.  In the third stage, the rectifier circuit layout on the flame retardant-4    (FR-4) printed circuit board (PCB) with the dielectric constant,  = 4.7, thickness, h = 1.6 mm, and loss tangent, δ = 0.018 that can generate radio frequency-direct current (RF-DC) conversion is designed and simulated using the ADS software  Each simulation result and fabrication measurement shows that the designed antenna array characteristics are suitable for an industrial, scientific, and medical radio (ISM) band by having the reflection coefficient, S11 less than -10 decibel (dB) at the respective resonant frequency, fr.  Moreover, through simulation, the output DC voltage for the bridge rectifier circuit is from 132 mV to 5.01 V with the corresponding power conversion efficiency (PCE) between 3.48% and 50.20% whereas for the voltage doubler rectifier, the output DC voltage is from 417 mV to 2.91 V with the corresponding PCE between 34.78% and 53.56%, respectively.
An overview of available metamaterial-based antenna for non-invasive hyperthermia cancer treatment
Authors: Abdul Jaffar Nabilah , Buniyamin Norlida , Lias Kasumawati
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the outcome of a literature review that an overview of various types of antenna and metamaterial applicator performance towards cancerous tissue or cell for non-invasive hyperthermia cancer treatment (NIHCT) procedure. From the review, it shows that when LHM lens integrated with an antenna, focusing capabilities of the antenna towards the cancerous area can be improved. However, current applicators have a poor focusing effect when directed towards the actual tumor area. In conjunction with that, this paper proposes a new design of modified applicator that is microstrip antenna integrated with left-handed metamaterial (LHM) lens. The antenna termed microstrip-LHM (M-LHM) lens antenna is proposed for use in NIHCT. It is expected to improve the focusing capabilities of an antenna which is used to kill the cancerous area and thus improve the hyperthermia cancer treatment procedure success rate. In addition, this paper provides an overview of heating techniques used in hyperthermia to enhance focusing capabilities and a few metamaterial advantages that can improve the focusing effect and reduced the hot-spots. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) will be investigated to evaluate the focusing abilities of the proposed applicator using the SEMCAD X Solver.
-81dB PSRR regulated cascode fully MOS bandgap reference for power management in RF energy harvesting systems
Authors: K.Zulkalnain M. , A.Kamsani N. , M.Sidek R. , Z.Rokhani F. , J.Hashim S. , N.Hamidon M.
Published: April 2019

In the midst of technological advance where everything is connected via the internet, IoT is emerging as a potential solution to everything, ranging from health wearables to smart city. An RFEH power management system has promising benefits that could further improve the powering of IoT devices as it has potential for clean energy as well as other advantages which consists of a rectifier, bandgap reference and LDO as the main core. However, the main challenge is supplying clean and low noise power to sensitive circuits such as low power sensors, VCOs and PLLs. A high PSRR bandgap reference that rejects noise at the power supply is needed so that the circuitry powered by RFEH systems would be able to function properly. This paper presents a bandgap with MOS PTAT and CTAT extraction achieving a PSRR of -81dB at a Vref of 0.415V was designed on 130nm CMOS technology targeting IoT RFEH devices that operate at sub-threshold and near-threshold region that exhibits improvement over the base design.
Safe sailing: GSM and GPS controlled autonomous boat with overweight detection and obstacle avoidance
Authors: Sakib Arnob Shadman , Sumaiya Khan Adiba , Shelim Rashed , Chowdhury Mahmood
Published: April 2019

This paper aims to save thousands of lives by proposing a novel technique of ensuring the complete safety of medium-sized aquatic vehicles using innovative ideas as well as augmented adaptations of myriad existing technologies. The proposed system incorporates a warning and danger level detection circuit using transistors for switching purposes when the vehicles are overloaded, and a Global System for Mobile (GSM) based module so that the control room can receive alerts and control the engines of such vehicles centrally. A system for detecting and avoiding obstacles is made using ultrasonic radar with ultrasonic transducer JSN SR04t mounted on top of SG90 servo arm which rotates to detect any obstacles. When an obstacle is detected, two other ultrasonic sensors SR-04 gets activated which are placed on two sides of the aquatic vehicle and the ultrasonic transducer becomes fixed on the exact centre. All the three sensors work together to find a free path for the boat to travel. If there is no free path, the boat will stop and wait for the paths to get cleared. The location of the vehicle is tracked by the Global Positioning System (GPS) and a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller has been included along with a system which uses values from the GPS module to come back to its original path if it deviates from the original path when avoiding obstacles. A barcode system has been added where it keeps a count on the passengers. The tickets for the vehicle will have barcodes on them which will let the passengers in only if the barcode matches. This is used mainly to keep track of how many people are boarding the vehicle and to prevent those without tickets from boarding.
Optimal design of single-phase 12S-6P FEFSM using segmental rotor and non-overlap windings
Authors: Fairoz Omar Mohd , Sulaiman Erwan , Ali Soomro Hassan , Amin Faisal , Iwani Jusoh Laili , I Mbadiwe Enwelum
Published: April 2019

Recently, a three-phase Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor (FEFSM) using salient rotor has been introduced, suitable for high torque, high power as well as high speed diverse performances due to their advantages of easy rotor temperature elimination and controllable field excitation (FE) flux. However, existing FEFSMs are found to have low torque performance as the salient rotor structure has caused longer flux path, and consequently weak flux linkage. Therefore, a new structure of a single-phase FEFSM using segmental rotor and non-overlap windings is proposed. There are two valuable findings found in this topology, first is less copper loss due to the non-overlap windings between armature and FE coils, and secondly the segmental rotor structure has produces shorter flux path to produce high torque, less rotor weight as well as robust rotor at high speed condition. Flux linkage, back-emf, average torque and output power characteristics of the initial and optimized designs have been investigated and compared using 2D Finite Element Analysis (2D-FEA) through JMAG Designer version 15. Based on the 2D-FEA analysis, the average torque has increased by 81.3% to 1.65 Nm, while the output power of 466.5 W, increased of 68.2%. In conclusions, a FEFSM using segmental rotor and non-overlap windings is considered as the best single-phase motor due to their optimal performances and less copper loss.
Design and implementation of embedded concurrent laser missile jammer system using FPGA
Authors: Lim Chin Beng. , Salih Muataz H.
Published: April 2019

In real time system, every second takes into count as any extra delay could cause critical consequences. Nowadays, almost every system involving multiple data processing. To handle multiple data at the same time, spatial parallelism is required to enhance system performance and provide multitasking feature. Currently, frequency jamming system only can jam one signal at a time. When it comes to missile jamming, the delaying in processing the frequency could cause serious impact as there will be multiple missiles launched to hit a target. These missiles just need few seconds to hit the target within range. Laser missile jammer is designed, which can jam multiple missiles at a time from different directions. The potentials of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and spatial parallelism is used in this system, to enhance the performance of the system by increasing operating frequency, system throughput, decreasing system cost, power consumption of the system, and get lower complexity. Quartus II version 14.1 is used in this project as a development CAD tool, the entire system implemented on FPGA DE1-SoC board. Also, other components such as Laser Detector, Laser Transmitter, and monitoring screen is integrated with the board. A signal emulator module was designed, to generate signals for on-board self-testing purpose, this system can detect the frequency of laser missile and create an over-powered signal with similar frequency to jam the missile(s) through diffused plates. All the results are shown on control display. This system had achieved a better throughput and lower complexity in terms of less resource usage (3153 Logic Elements) and high operating frequency (up to 1.6 GHz).
Frequency selective surfaces on flexible thin plastic substrates
Authors: Zainudin N. A. F. M. , Azemi S.N. , Jamlos M.F. , Al-Hadi A.A. , Soh P.J.
Published: April 2019

The capability of the flexible substrate of the frequency selective surface (FSS) to filter out particular frequency is discussed in this paper. A new type of FSS are applied using flexible thin plastic substrate to enhance the performance of the conventional FSS that lacks of flexibility and cannot be used in bending surface. A simulation based investigation shows that the diameter or length of the square has a significant effect on the band-stop selective characteristic of the FSS. The frequency response of the band-stop are at 2.45GHz that drop at -10dB.
An approach to building energy clusters using particle swarm optimization algorithm for allocating the tasks in computational grid
Authors: Islam Rashedul , Akhtar Md Nasim , Ahmad Badlishah R , Das Utpal Kanti , Rahman Mostafijur , Khalib Zahereel Ishwar Abdul
Published: April 2019

The proper mapping in case of allocation of available tasks among particles is a challenging job to accomplish. It requires proper procedural approach and effectual algorithm or strategy. The deterministic polynomial time for task allocation problem is relative. The existence of proper and exact approach for allocation problem is void. However, for the survival of the grid and executing the assigned tasks, the reserved tasks need to be allocated equally among the particles of the grid space. At the same time, the applied model for task allocation must not consume unnecessary time and memory. We applied Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for allocating the task. Additionally, the particles will be divided into three clusters based on their energy level. Each cluster will have its own cluster header. Cluster headers will be used to search the task into space. In a single cluster, particles member will be of same energy level status such as full energy, half energy, and no energy level. As a result, the system will use the limited time for searching task for the remaining tasks in it if a particular task requires allocating half task to a particle.
Surveillance system with motion and face detection using histograms of oriented gradients
Authors: Cerd Ng Ri , Ming Lim Kian , Poo Lee Chin , Abdul Razak Siti Fatimah
Published: April 2019

With the rapidly increasing crime rate in recent years, community safety issues aroused a wide concern among public community. Various security technologies had been invented and carried out, for example password door lock, alarm system, and closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs). Although the installation of CCTVs is common in most premises, they require extensive man power to manually monitor the videos. Moreover, the reliability of human operator greatly deteriorates when they are in fatigue condition. In view of this, our project aims to develop an automated computer vision based surveillance system. Unlike ordinary CCTV system that requires human operator to manually observe and detect intruder, a computer vision based surveillance system automatically monitor the security of premises and trigger actions once an intrusion is detected. Basically, it is a simple surveillance camera system that will be setup at the entrance of the house. The reliability is being enhanced by applying the motion detection and face recognition algorithm, using histogram of oriented gradients that could detect the existence of people at the main entrance and try to validate the user. Apart from recognizing the user, the propose system also support mobile interaction whereby user can monitor the camera, activate alarm, and even received notification when a stranger was being detected at the entrance of the house. By including such functionalities, proposed system had highly surpassed the existing surveillance system by not only support monitoring, but also try to recognize the people and inform the user at the exact moment when stranger detected, so that user could take immediate action about it, for example activating the alarm or report to police. The project was executed with expected outcome and objectives had been accomplished.
Vacant parking space identification using probabilistic neural network
Authors: Fadillah Rahmat Romi , Purnamawati Sarah , Kurnianto Joko , Faza Sharfina , Fermi Pasha Muhammad
Published: April 2019

The need for public parking space is increasing nowadays due to the high number of cars available.  Users of car parking services, in general, are still looking for vacant parking locations to park their vehicle manually. With the current technological developments, especially in image processing field, it is expected to solve the parking space problem. Therefore, this research implements image processing to determine the location of vacant parking space or occupied ones that run in real-time. In this study, the proposed method is divided into five stages. The first stage is image acquisition to capture the image of parking location. Then it continues to pre-processing stage which consists of the process of saturation, grayscale and thresholding. The third stage is image segmentation to cut the image into five parts. The next stage is feature extraction using invariant moment, and the last stage would be identification process to determine the location of vacant parking spaces or occupied ones. The results of this research using 100 test images generates an accuracy, recall, and precision of 94%.
Characterization of a low consumption wireless sensor node for the intensive transmission of physiological signals
Authors: Yauri Ricardo , Rubiños Santiago , Grados Juan , Chauca Mario
Published: April 2019

This paper describes the development and implementation of low power consumption wireless sensor nodes for the periodic monitoring of physiological signals with intensive data transmission, using Wi-Fi and ZigBee wireless communication modules, obtaining operation characteristics from the energy point of view that allow to increase the life time of the sensor node. The sensor nodes are designed and built using low energy consumption electronic devices to evaluate their energy performance using current data, transmission time, data transmission period and the relationship with the sensor node's lifetime when transmitting electrocardiographic (ECG), temperature and pulse type physiological signals. The development of this work generates recommendations for the design, development and construction of sensor nodes where the energy consumption of the wireless communication modules is evaluated. In this way, results are obtained that can allow the data transmission period, current consumption and size of data sent to be related to the operating time, defining the operating conditions and wireless technologies that allow the optimization of energy consumption when data is sent to Internet monitoring applications.
Design and implementation of modified multilevel sepic converter for PV based apllications
Authors: T Arunkumari , Jagadeesh I. , V Indragandhi
Published: April 2019

In this manuscript, a DC-DC converter of modified multilevel sepic model with single switch is proposed here. The designed converter combines the voltage tripler circuit, which improves the voltage gain and reduces the voltage ripple of the system. Another feature of the designed converter is reduces the voltage stress and utilized for PV based applications. The operation of the designed converter in Continuous-Conduction Mode (CCM) is discussed. The converter boosts the PV input voltage of 30 V to 400 V output voltages. The efficiency attained by the designed converter is 94%. The Theoretical analysis of the designed converter is presented and it is done with MATLAB simulink. To analyse the performance of this DC-DC converter a model was developed and tested.  From the experimental results obtained, it is analysed that the converter performs better and suitable for PV based application.
A new 5-input majority gate without adjacent inputs crosstalk effect in QCA technology
Authors: Majeed Ali , Alkaldy Esam , Zainal Mohd Shamian , Nor Danial Md
Published: April 2019

Transistor-based CMOS technology has many drawbacks such as power consumption and cannot continue in following the scaling of Moore's law and system-on-a-chip in near future. These drawbacks lead the researchers to think about an alternative technology. Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a new nanoscale technology can implement the logical functionality by controlling the position of the electron. The basic building blocks for QCA circuit are majority gate and inverter. where AND and OR gate can be implemented using Majority gate by setting one of the inputs to "0" and "1" respectively. A lot of papers was introduced to propose a new gates construction such as XOR and 5- input majority gate in last few years. The complexity of the gate leads to the complexity of the whole circuit so whenever the proposed gate has a lower number of cells, that's mean it’s better. In this paper, we introduce a new construction of a novel 5- input majority gate. QCADesigner tool will be used to show the simulation result of the proposed gate. Then we will compare the proposed gate with the most important previous counterpart gates.
Optimal tuning PID controller of unstable fractional order system by desired transient characteristics using RIM
Authors: Tran Tin Phu , Anh Vu Le , Tran Minh , Quang Dung Nguyen , Thanh Trang Tran
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we propose the method of tuning a conventional PID controller for unstable transient characteristics. The results show that: 1) This is the novel practical method based on the desired settling time and overshoot percentage; 2) The results are close to the desired parameters; 3) The novel method can tune an unstable fractional order system by real interpolation method (RIM); 4) The novel method is simplicity and computer efficiency; 5) The novel method can find an optimal solution for tuning task in both academic and industrial purposes.
Digital image classification by optimised fuzzy system
Authors: Ramezanifard Mehdi , Mousavi B. S.
Published: April 2019

Image classification is a challenging problem of computer vision. This study reports a fuzzy system to semantic image classification. As it is a complex task, various information of digital image, including: three color space components and two Zernike moments with different order are gathered and utilized as an input of fuzzy inference system to materialize a robust rotation/lighting condition and size invariant image classifier. For better performance, all the membership functions are optimized by genetic algorithm after empirically design stage. 93.07% and 95.25% classification rates empirically design and optimized systems confirm the reliability of proposed method in different image conditions given in this contribution.
A novel index modulation scheme with impedance matching
Authors: LEE Hye Yeong , Shin Soo Young
Published: April 2019

Index modulation conveys more data given to indices of status of communication transmission item such as antenna and subcarrier. In this proposed system, we gave the index to the conditions of impedance matching or not. In the transmitter, antenna chooses one impedance according to the mapping table as active impedance. The receiver detects impedance index comparing of impedance between received signal and receivers. The proposed system improves not only transmitted information data by using impedance index but also spectral efficiency. In the simulation, Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Bit Error Rate (BER) were analyzed and compared to conventional modulation scheme.
Time frequency analysis of ultrasound doppler signal by s-transform and wigner-ville distribution
Authors: Latfaoui Mahieddine , Bereksi Reguig Fethi
Published: April 2019

Ultrasound Doppler signal processing is a necessity in several disciplines of medicine. The interpretation of these signals allows a good diagnosis of patients in order to detect certain diseases. In this work, we will use different non-parametric time-frequency techniques such as the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), the Pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD), the smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD), and the S-transform in order to analyze the Ultrasonic Doppler signal of the femoral arteries.
LTE RF receiver modeling and each part testing with MATLAB simulink
Authors: Al azzawi Fatima Faydhe
Published: April 2019

fourth generation cellular network based on Long Term Evaluation (LTE) air interface. LTE is specifically designed for packet data communications, where the emphasis of the technologies high spectral efficiency, high peak data rates, low latency, and frequency flexibility. In this paper a LTE physical layer design and implemented using MATLAB codes and Simulink, where MATLAB codes generate the 64 QAM transmitting signal and simulating LTE frames while Simulink model perform the physical layer which including the band limiting, free space path loss adding, channel, RF receiver, demodulation, 10-bit ADC, DC offset cancellation, saving data to preform EVM measurements, and viewing the spectrum signal after each block, finally QAM with multi –order tested under AWGN.
Lifetime enhancement for clustering protocols in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
Authors: Abood Basim , Al-Rikabi Yasser Kareem
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we propose a new clustering method called fuzzy stable election protocol (FSEP), which is capable to overcome the bottleneck problem and addressing the uneven energy consumption problem in heterogeneous WSNs. We also propose an energy-efficient routing method called particle swarm optimization routing method (PSORM) to find the optimal routing path for the heterogeneous WSNs. PSORM seeks to investigate the problems of balancing energy consumption and maximization of network lifetime. To demonstrate the effectiveness of FSEP-PSORM in terms of lessening end-to-end delay, balancing energy consumption, and maximization of heterogeneous network lifetime, we compare our method with three approaches namely, chessboard clustering approach, PEGASIS, and LEACH. Simulation results show that the network lifetime achieved by FSEP-PSORM could be increased by nearly 38%, 45%, and 60% more than that obtained by PEGASIS, LEACH and stable election protocol clustering (SEP), respectively.
By two: A two-dimensional mobile game model for novice developers
Authors: Qusef Abdallah , Ayasreh Abdallah , Shaout Adnan , Muhanna Muhanna
Published: April 2019

The objective of this research was to discuss the processes and challenges encountered in the creation of mobile games for both Android and iOS platforms, which would help the novice game developers to enter the big world of mobile game industry. We highlighted each phase of the mobile game development. These involved suggestions on efficient brainstorming of ideas, proper selection of game engine, game design, number and type of pages, creation of levels, and distribution of complexity across the game level. In addition, other factors were considered such as the creation of User Interface and User Experience (UI/UX) as well as definition of the screen object’s sizes and positions that would be suitable in all mobile devices. The importance of agile cycles of alpha and beta testing was also discussed, particularly its influence on the enhancement of game features. However, a successful game is recognized based on its earnings. Hence, a guide on how to properly market the game was also included. A model game called “By Two” was used in this study to illustrate and explain the steps in detail.
A new encrypted method in image steganography
Authors: Pramanik Sabyasachi , Singh R P , Ghosh Ramkrishna
Published: April 2019

Steganography is data hiding technique in internet. Here we send CAPTCHA codes within a cover image using Image steganography. CAPTCHA are the crazy codes. They are used in human response test. The word is actually an acronym for: "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart". It is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine whether or not the user is a human. Websites implement CAPTCHA codes into their registration processes due to spam. This is the utility of CAPTCHA codes. Here we generate CAPTCHA codes and later send them in an encrypted version. So, actually CAPTCHA codes are embedded into cover image with an encrypted form resulting stego image and thus attackers cannot fetch the actual CAPTCHA resulting in a secured transmission of confidential data using image steganography.
A cluster-based feature selection method for image texture classification
Authors: Alharan Abbas F. H. , Fatlawi Hayder K. , Ali Nabeel Salih
Published: April 2019

Computer vision and pattern recognition applications have been counted serious research trends in engineering technology and scientific research content. These applications such as texture image analysis and its texture feature extraction. Several studies have been done to obtain accurate results in image feature extraction and classifications, but most of the extraction and classification studies have some shortcomings. Thus, it is substantial to amend the accuracy of the classification via minify the dimension of feature sets. In this paper, presents a cluster-based feature selection approach to adopt more discriminative subset texture features based on three different texture image datasets. Multi-step are conducted to implement the proposed approach. These steps involve texture feature extraction via Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Gabor filter. The second step is feature selection by using K-means clustering algorithm based on five feature evaluation metrics which are infogain, Gain ratio, oneR, ReliefF, and symmetric. Finally, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naive Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are used to evaluate the proposed classification performance and accuracy. Research achieved better classification accuracy and performance using KNN and NB classifiers that were 99.9554% for Kelberg dataset and 99.0625% for SVM in Brodatz-1 and Brodatz-2 datasets consecutively. Conduct a comparison to other studies to give a unified view of the quality of the results and identify the future research directions.
Off-Line character recognition using an integrated DBSCAN-ANN scheme
Authors: Mohammed Dhurgham Ali , Mezher Alaa Abdul Hussein , Hadi Hayder Sabeeh
Published: April 2019

Handwriting character recognition involves a high degree of variability and imprecision. For that, the main factor to judge the recognition accuracy is the technique that is used to extract the features. This paper developed a novel method for handwritten Arabic characters by combining the Density-Based Clustering method with statistical and morphological features. The first stage in recognition of handwritten character image has been done by binarization the image then applies noise removal techniques. The Density-Based Algorithm used to categorize and find any shape of clusters based on pixel information positions. This technique divided the image into characters. Each character will be decomposing into four regions from the centroid followed by feature extraction. These features include vertical and horizontal projections, upper and lower profile, rectangularity and orientation. The results of the present process will transfer to the Neural Network (NN) stage which generates a high level of correctness and accuracy by training. The testing results compared with two of state-of-art researches. The total accuracy of this proposed work observes a better recognition of characters.
A performance study of the suitability of Adaptive boosting in Red Acne detection
Authors: Bakshi Satyake , A Sathya
Published: April 2019

AdaBoost along with HaarCascades have been well received for its accuracy and performance in primarily Facial Recognition applications. However, they are known to perform poorly with objects which have a different rotational orientation or for objects whose shapes are largely variant . In this paper, we apply Adaptive Cascading technique to a specific dermatological application of detecting red acne which are largely shaped variant outgrowths on the skin and to identify its suitability in the detection of acne. Based on the outcome it would be declared if Viola-Jones based Adaptive Boosting is well suited for dermatological processing of skin diseases.
Youtube spam detection framework using naïve bayes and logistic regression
Authors: Samsudin Nur’Ain Maulat , Mohd Foozy Cik Feresa binti , Alias Nabilah , Shamala Palaniappan , Othman Nur Fadzilah , Wan Din Wan Isni Sofiah
Published: April 2019

YouTube has become a popular social media among the users. Due to YouTube popularity, it became a platform for spammer to distribute spam through the comments on YouTube. This has become a concern because spam can lead to phishing attack which the target can be any user that click any malicious link. Spam has its own features that can be analyzed and detected by classification. Hence, enhancement features are proposed to detect YouTube spam. In order to conduct the experiments, a YouTube Spam detection framework that consists of five (5) phases such as data collection, pre-processing, features selection and extraction, classification and detection were developed. This paper, proposed the YouTube detection framework, examined and validate each of the phases by using two types of data mining tool. The features are constructed from analysis by using data collected from YouTube Spam dataset by using Naïve Bayes and Logistic Regression and tested in two different data mining tools which is Weka and Rapid Miner. From the analysis, thirteen (13) features that had been tested on Weka and RapidMiner shows high accuracy, hence is being used throughout the experiment in this research. Result of Naïve Bayes and Logistic Regression run in Weka is slightly higher than RapidMiner. In addition, result of Naïve Bayes is higher than Logistic Regression with 87.21% and 85.29% respectively in Weka. While in RapidMiner there is slightly different of accuracy between Naïve Bayes and Logistic Regression 80.41% and 80.88%. But, precision of Naïve Bayes is higher than Logistic Regression.
An investigation on apportion of mathematical loss in transmission loss/cost allocation approach
Authors: Kalavai Shafeeque Ahmed , Shanmugam Prabhakar Karthikeyan
Published: April 2019

Cost allocation of highly non-linear transmission loss is complex and essential in competitive electricity market. In most of the existing transmission loss/cost allocation approaches, real power loss depends on selection of slack bus and hence the cost of transmission losses which are allocated to the generators and the loads also varies. In this paper, a complete analysis on the impact of slack bus selection on transmission loss allocation with and without mathematical loss is made. One of the existing approaches, proportional generation and proportional load (PGPL) method is taken to illustrate the impact. Mathematical loss is the loss without generation and load in the network and can be obtained from power flow solution by taking generation and load as zero. The cost incurred for this mathematical loss is allocated to the transmission lines while the cost of transmission loss due to bilateral contracts is allocated among the sources and the consumers. These loss/cost allocations with and without considering mathematical loss is shown using an IEEE 30 bus, 57 bus, 75 bus and 118 bus systems. The simulation results are obtained using MATLAB R2014a.
Active contour model for satellitale image combining local and global region based approach
Authors: Hayat Mouri , Hadria Fizazi
Published: April 2019

Global and local image information is crucial for accurate segmentation of images with intensity inhomogeneity valuable minute details and multiple objects with various intensities. We propose a region-based active contour model which is able to utilize together local and global image information. The major contribution of this paper is to expand the LIF model which is includes only local image infofmation to a local and global model. The introduction of a new local and global signed pressure force function enables the extraction of accurate local and global image information and extracts multiple objects with several intensities. Several tests performed on some synthetic and real images indicate that our model is effective as well as less sensitivity to the initial contour location and less time compared with the related works. 

 
Propagation challenges in 5G millimeter wave implementation
Authors: Fatimah Nordin Siti , Mansor Zuhanis , Faiz Ramli Aizat , Basarudin Hafiz
Published: April 2019

With current technology advances, implementing millimeter wave in real life have become more promising. However, before millimeter wave can be deployed, there are several challenges in terms of technical, path loss and shadowing. This paper provides a review on the challenges that might occurs when implementing millimeter wave. An overview of LTE-Advanced and millimeter wave is made to provide further understanding.  A critical analysis is made to identify the problem in rain and haze attenuation, if addressed, will help mobile service provider to overcome the problem.
Modified singular spectrum analysis in identifying rainfall trend over peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Shaharudin S.M. , Ahmad N. , Zainuddin N.H.
Published: April 2019

Identifying the local time scale of the torrential rainfall pattern through Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is useful to separate the trend and noise components. However, SSA poses two main issues which are torrential rainfall time series data have coinciding singular values and the leading components from eigenvector obtained from the decomposing time series matrix are usually assesed by graphical inference lacking in a specific statistical measure. In consequences to both issues, the extracted trend from SSA tended to flatten out and did not show any distinct pattern.  This problem was approached in two ways. First, an Iterative Oblique SSA (Iterative O-SSA) was presented to make adjustment to the singular values data. Second, a measure was introduced to group the decomposed eigenvector based on Robust Sparse K-means (RSK-Means). As the results, the extracted trend using modification of SSA appeared to fit the original time series and looked more flexible compared to SSA.
A comparative simulation study of different decoding schemes in LDPC coded OFDM systems for NB-PLC channel
Authors: El maammar Nejwa , Bri Seddik , Foshi Jaouad
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we study the performance of Low density Parity Check (LDPC) coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM) systems  when they are applied on the short data block of a narrowband (NB) power line communications (PLC) channel. In the modelled system simulations have been performed using different code lengths. It is assumed that the channel has a multipath propagation with two different noise scenarios: AWGN background noise with and without the presence of impulsive noise. Performances of Various soft and hard decision LDPC decoder schemes such as belief propagation (BP), weighted bit flipping (WBF), improved weighted bit flipping (IWBF) and implementation-efficient reliability ratio based weighted bit flipping (IRRWBF) decoders were investigated. It has been shown for all simulations performed in PLC channel model showed that remarkable performance improvement can be achieved by using short-length LDPC codes. Especially, the improvements are striking when the BP decoding algorithms are employed on the receiver side.