bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scythian Barrow of the Second Half of the 5th Century BC in the Lower Dniester Region
Authors: Sinika Vitaliy , Lysenko Sergey , Telnov Nikolay , Razumov Sergey
Published: February 2019

Introduction. The article publishes and analyses the materials obtained during excavations of Scythian barrow 9 of the group Vodovod near the Glinoe village, Slobodzeysk district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. The barrow was surrounded by a ring ditch and contained two burials of medieval nomads - the main one, the Scythian, and the secondary, the inlet one. Methods. The mound was excavated by the method of parallel trenches, leaving stratigraphic profiles. When analyzing the materials obtained, a comparatively typological method was applied. Analysis. The main burial was made in a catacomb of unusual construction. The entrance well of the catacomb was filled with stone slabs and boulders characterized with utmost accuracy of production. Despite this, in antiquity the burial was robbed three times: through the entrance well, through the roof of the funeral chamber and through the robbery mine, which went to the burial chamber from the north-eastern floor of the mound. The preserved grave goods are represented with a handmade pot, an iron knife, an iron needle and an awl, a lead finial, a stone slab, a burned pebble, a piece of mineral paint, a wooden kneader, a bronze horse harness and golden pendants. The stone slab was made very carefully, and the wooden kneader is the second such find in the North-West Black Sea region. Bronze items of horse harness have no analogues in the Scythian burial complexes of the North Black Sea region. The construction of barrow 9 of the group Vodovod dates back to the second half of the 5th century BC and is determined on the basis of gold pendants, which analogies are known only in the Malyy Chertomlyk barrow in the Lower Dnieper region. Results.The most important is the fact that the studied barrow was found in the microzone (near the Glinoe village of the Slobodzeya district), where at the moment not only the Scythian burial sites of the 5th - 2nd centuries BC are known, but also a settlement of that time. This testifies to the continual dwelling of the Scythians on the left bank of the Lower Dniester River during this period.
The Siege of Leningrad in Estimates of the Press of the USA
Authors: Surzhik Dmitriy , Buranok Sergey , Levin Yaroslav
Published: February 2019

Introduction. In article the analysis of estimates of the American press of the Siege of Leningrad is given. Methods and materials. The authors used the theoretical concepts developed within modern political and historical science. The paper is based on materials of both democratic and republican editions of the U.S. press. Problematic and chronological approach became the methodological basis of the research. Analysis. It is noted that the image of Leningrad passed several stages of development in the American media. Right at the beginning, the American press was more interested in Leningrad front and fights. However, very quickly the attention is reoriented on the city. The heroism of its defenders and ordinary inhabitants is emphasized that influences growth of positive perception of the Red Army. It is noted that the subject of the Siege of Leningrad developed in line with the general growth of interest in the Great Patriotic War in the American media and society. Results. The authors draw conclusions that consecration of the Siege of Leningrad by the American press positively promoted the general growth of trust of Americans to the Soviet Union. Besides, the subject of the Siege of Leningrad and in general “the fighting Russia” became an important link in work of administration of Roosevelt with media for the purpose of strengthening of the American consciousness and patriotism in wartime.
A Military Unit of the Celtae (the Celts) and Some Peculiarities of Late Roman Military Titles in the 4th C. AD
Authors: Mekhamadiev Evgeniy
Published: February 2019

Introduction. The Late Roman administration used to practice many ways of interrelations with the Barbarian tribes, but modern scholarship tended and tends to pay main attention to external perspectives of interrelations, i.e. issues of barbaric invasions and methods of their accomodation within the Roman territory. In contrast, modern scholarship pays little attention to internal perspectives of interrelations, and partly, to one of the point of internal interrelations, which is strictly under consideration in this paper. This point is a meaning of official titles, which Roman administration gave to military detachments composed of the German warriors. Basing on evidence about an elite military unit of the Celtae and the name Celtae itself, the author aims to regard peculiarities of Late Roman military nomenclature and to trace how this nomenclature reflected an official political ideology of imperial supremacy, a system of Romans’ views and opinions about the Barbarians. Methods. The author studies these matters by comparing the evidence of Ammianus Marcellinus, Greek dedicatory inscription from the city of Stobi (the province of Macedonia) and some panegyrics (the so-called Latin panegyrics, a speech of Julian the Apostate in honor of the Emperor Constantius II and the “Thanksgiving oration” of a prominent Gallic rhetorician Ausonius for the Emperor Gratianus). The author traces how all these texts are treated and meant a word Celtae/Κελτοί. Analysis. The author proposes and proves an idea that a military unit of the Celtae was composed of the captive Alamanni presumably between the reign of the Emperor Diocletian (284-305) and 351/352. Results. Having based on the evidence enumerated above, the author concluded that the the unit of the captive Alamanni received an official title of Celtae because the Romans used to name the German captives as more ancient people, over which the Roman won decisive and brilliant victories in previous times. This naming practice was one of the persistent peculiarities of the Late Roman military nomenclature and records management working.
Sarmatian Burials of the Kovalevka Burial Mound: Strangers Among Friends?
Authors: Klepikov Valeriy
Published: February 2019

Introduction. The Nomads of early Sarmatian time is a complex conglomerate of constantly growing groups of new population in the Volga-Don interfluve area. Determining their location is becoming a relevant problem in the current research. The early Sarmatian burials of the Kovalevka burial mound are significantly different from the synchronous array of similar monuments. It makes possible to clarify the historical situation in the final stage of the early Sarmatian culture in the studied region.

Methods. The method of cross-dating and comparative-typological analysis of 12 burials of 8 barrows of the Kovalevka burial mound, located in the southern part of the Volga-Don interfluve area, allow clarifying the chronology of materials and identify the specifics of the funeral rite.

Analysis. The ceramic complex as a part of the North Caucasian antiquities of the 3rd - 1st centuries BC, can be identified through the presence of iron stemmed arrowheads, common for the period 2nd - 1st centuries BC. The tradition of the ancestral mounds-cemeteries with multiple burials under one mound dominated during this time period. However, the analyzed complexes represented a new tradition of individual burial places, more common in the latter period. Besides, the horse bones, iron bits and a few iron spearheads were found in the burial mound. This is a rarity in the funeral rite of the early Sarmatian culture. All of these innovations are known in the controversial Sarmatian complexes of the turn of eras when the change from early Sarmatian culture to middle Sarmatian culture took place. Another common feature of all the burials under study is a ritual robbery of buried people. The burials were destroyed, mostly for the purpose of their desecration. The bones of the buried were found at the bottom of the grave, and the remaining parts of the skeleton were thrown out of the pit.

Results. It can be assumed that at the end of the 1st century BC a group of well-armed nomads entered the territory uder study and was not accepted by the local population. The attempt to settle in the place led migrants to founding their own cemetery in the floodplain of the Esaulovsky Aksai river (local Sarmatians chose watersheds for this). However, this action caused discontent of natives, which led to the desecration of strangers’ graves by the local population.
Medical Care for Children with Cancer in the Donetsk People’s Republic: Results of an Ecological Study in 2014–2017
Authors: Rykov M. Yu. , Inozemtsev I. N. , Kolomenskaya S. A.
Published: February 2019

Background.Analysis of medical care delivery for children with cancer in armed conflict is highly important because the high-tech treatment in this context is extraordinary difficult and challenging task. Objective. Our aim was to analyze the morbidity and mortality rates in children with malignant tumors, to assess the pediatric patient capacity and medical service density in the Donetsk People’s Republic.

Methods.The ecological study was conducted where the units of analysis were represented by the aggregated data of the Republican Cancer Registry on the number of primary and secondary patients with malignant and benign tumors, the deceased patients in the DNR in 2014–2017, pediatric patient capacity, and medical service density.

Results.The number of pediatric patient capacity for children with cancer was 10 (0.27 per 10,000 children aged 0–17), pediatric patient capacity for children with hematological disorders — 40 (1.37 per 10,000 children aged 0–17). The treatment of children with cancer was performed by 5 healthcare providers: 1 pediatric oncologist (0.02 per 10,000 children aged 0–17), 3 hematologists (0.08 per 10,000 pediatric population aged 0–17), and 1 practitioner who did not have a specialist certificate in oncology. Morbidity rate for malignant neoplasms from 2014 to 2017 decreased by 25% (in 2014 — 9.6 per 10,000 children aged 0–17; in 2017 — 7.2). In the morbidity structure, the incidence proportion of hemoblastoses was 68.4%, brain tumors — 2.6%, other solid tumors — 29%. The death rate due to malignant neoplasms decreased by 37% (in 2014 — 2.7; in 2017 — 1.7).

Conclusion.Low levels of the incidence rate and pattern of morbidity indicate defects in the identification and recording of patients. This explains the performance of the bed: low average bed occupancy per year and low turnover. For a reliable analysis of mortality statistical data is not available: in 2014–2015 only the number of in-hospital deceased patients is presented. Limited data is due to the lack of reliable patient catamnesis which is explained by the high rate of population migration.
Medical Care for Children with Cancer in the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation: An Ecological Study
Authors: Rykov M. Yu. , Turabov I. A.
Published: February 2019

Background.Analysis of statistical data in the federal districts of the Russian Federation provides opportunities to assess the quality of medical care delivery in children with cancer and plan further development with consideration for the point elimination of existing defects. Objective. Our aim was to analyze the main indicators characterizing medical care for children with cancer in the North-West Federal District.

Methods.The study analyzed operative reports for 2017 provided by the executive public health authorities of 11 subjects of the Russian Federation affiliated to the North-West Federal District.

Results.The pediatric population was 2 537 133 children (0–17 years), the pediatric oncological bed capacity — 174 (0.7 per 10 000 aged 0–17 years), the annual berth average occupancy — 290.7 days. 6 (54.5%) subjects did not provide pediatric population with departments of pediatric oncology, 4 (36.4%) subjects did not have bed capacity. The number of practitioners providing medical care to children with cancer was 38, 27 among them (71%; 0.1 per 10 thousand 0–17 years) had a certificate of pediatric oncologist. 2 (18.2%) subjects did not have pediatric oncologists in the medical stuff. The incidence of malignant tumors in children aged 0–17 was 15.6 (per 100,000), the prevalence was 92.6 (per 100,000), the mortality rate was 2.6 (per 100,000), one-year mortality rate — 4.5% (18/397). The number of patients identified actively was 11 (2.8%). 160 (40.3%) primary patients were sent to Federal medical facilities, 6 (1.5%) — left the territory of the Russian Federation for the further treatment.

Conclusion.The incidence and mortality rates are rather low which indicates the defects in patient detection and lack of reliable follow-up data. The percentage of patients referred for treatment to Federal medical facilities is not very high; however, to interpret this indicator according to patient routing, we have to analyze the medical history of all the patients. We can assert that health care delivery service for children with oncological diseases is at an acceptable standard level but needs to be improved.
Physiotherapy in the Medical Rehabilitation of Children with Malignant Tumors
Authors: Grushina T. I.
Published: February 2019

Analyzed studies on the use of physical factors in the medical rehabilitation of children with malignant tumors were enrolled from the following electronic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, World Health Organization, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Childhood Cancer Group, ScienceDirect, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, PubMed Cancer, elibrary, CyberLeninka. To treat complications that occur in children both during and after chemotherapy/radiotherapy for malignant tumors, physical training, massage, acupuncture, acupressure, electroneurostimulation, low-intensity laser radiation, laser irradiation of blood, laser puncture, magnetolaser therapy, local low-frequency low-intensity magnetotherapy were applied in an independent mode. Complex of artificial and natural medical factors in the rehabilitation of children in the period of remission was studied on the bases of various sanatoriums. Its clinical efficacy was practically assured but precise evidence of safety was not obtained yet. Nevertheless basing on this review, we can declare that the approach to pediatric oncology rehabilitation should be multidisciplinary. On the one hand, the therapy without physiotherapy intervention is absolutely unjustified; on the other hand, the application of various physical factors is also reckless. The physical factors included in the rehabilitation complex should be safe with no negative effect on the course of the underlying disease in children. To obtain such convincing evidence, it is extremely important both to analyze the long-term results of conducted studies (analysis should be performed by rehabilitation physicians together with oncologists who supervised pediatric patients) and to conduct well-organized controlled randomized academic studies on large clinical material.
Modern Possibilities of Organ-Preserving Treatment in Children with Intraocular Retinoblastoma
Authors: Gorovtsova O. V. , Ushakova T. L. , Polyakov V. G.
Published: February 2019

Retinoblastoma is one of highly curable diseases; today the total 5-year survival rate in patients with retinoblastoma exceeds 95%. The article summarizes the current world experience on treatment of patients with intraocular retinoblastoma. The treating skills of intraocular malignant tumor in children are a balance between the patient’s life and the preservation of an eye and its visual functions. The complex and challenging task is the treatment of common intraocular retinoblastoma groups «C», «D», «E» when the large size or localization of the tumor does not allow performing the local (focal) destruction of the tumor. As a rule, in such cases neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) is performed at the first stage in order to reduce the size of the tumor for further focal therapy. However, the analysed data on the effectiveness of neoadjuvant CT in combination with focal or radiotherapy demonstrated the limited possibilities of the proposed therapy. Local drug delivery in cancer therapy became a real breakthrough in the organ-preserving treatment of children with large intraocular retinoblastoma. The most widely used current methods of local drug delivery are intravitreal (IVitC) and selective intra-arterial chemotherapy (SIAC) as monotherapy or in combination with neoadjuvant CT and focal therapy which significantly increased the percentage of preserved eyes without radiotherapy administration or damage to the patient survival. The review discusses the different IVitC and SIAC techniques, chemotherapy schemes, dosages of chemotherapy, immediate and long-term complications of treatment.
Venous Thrombosis in a Child with Burkitt Lymphoma Receiving Chemotherapy: A Clinical Case
Authors: Lisitsa T. S. , Zhukovskaya E. V. , Ikonnikova A. Yu. , Nasedkina T. V.
Published: February 2019

Background. Venous thrombosis is extremely rare in children of early age; however, it occurs as a frequent and serious complication in children with hemoblastosis. The phenomenon is basically caused by the imbalance of blood coagulation system associated with the main disease, prolonged use of the central venous catheter, and polychemotherapy; hereditary predisposition contributes to the development of the complication as well.

Clinical Case Description. A 12-year-old patient B. was diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma. During chemotherapeutic treatment, the thrombosis of right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein was registered. The thrombosis recurrence was observed at the end of specific therapy. The family history was burdened by cardiovascular and oncological diseases, consequently we performed the molecular-genetic analysis to reveal the presence of allelic variants associated with thrombophilia in the genes F2, F5, F9, F13A1, HABP2, HCF2, HRG, MTHFR, PLAT, PROC, PROS1, SERPINC1, THBD. The F5 gene Leiden mutation (c.1601G>A) in heterozygous state and intronic variant in the PROC gene encoding protein C (c.-21-37G>A) were revealed. The pharmacogenetic testing was conducted to personalize an ticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy.

Conclusion. The detection of genetic risk factors for inherited thrombophilia is vital for early diagnostics of thrombotic complications in patients on chemotherapy. Key
Possibilities of Medicamental Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Children
Authors: Latysheva E. N. , Rusetsky Yu. Yu. , Malyavina U. S. , Khramov P. A.
Published: February 2019

We have conducted a critical analysis of publications regarding the possibilities of medicamental treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children. Based on the examined studies we made a conclusion that intranasal glucocorticosteroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists can be effective in children with light and moderate lesions of this nature. At the same time, for the time being there isn’t enough published data to justify the recommendation of mentioned preparations as an alternative to surgery in children suffering from pulmonary ventilation stoppages. Further studies are required in order to determine the optimal terms of conservative treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children, to determine the durability of the effect and ascertain the indications and contraindications for different groups of preparations.
A Curriculum for Lumbar Puncture Training in Internal Medicine Residency
Authors: Galen Benjamin , Conigliaro Rosemarie
Published: February 2019

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Lumbar puncture (LP), although not mandatory for internal medicine (IM) residents to perform, remains a vital procedure for hospitalized patients. The optimal method for training residents in LP is not established. Objective: We implemented, and evaluated a curriculum (online video, post-video quiz, group discussion, checklist, simulation training) for training PGY-2 IM residents in performing LPs. Methods: We surveyed residents after completion of the curriculum and compared LP logs for the cohort who participated in this training to the prior year of residents without the curriculum. Results: Overall survey response rate was 65%. 98% of residents found the pre-course materials useful; 92% agreed or strongly agreed that the in-person training session helped them to correctly perform an LP. 90% of residents found simulation training useful and 84% responded that the training session increased their confidence to perform an LP. However, compared to the prior residency class who did not have LP training, the initial class that underwent training did not perform more LPs during their residency: median 2 (inter-quartile range 0-5) vs. 2 (inter-quartile range 0-4.25), respectively (p = 0.98). Conclusion: Despite not leading to an increase in LP rates, our curriculum was very well received by PGY-2 IM residents.
Postverdad y discurso intimidatorio en Twitter durante el referéndum catalán del 1-O
Authors: Hernández-Santaolalla Víctor , Sola-Morales Salomé
Published: February 2019

La idea de “postverdad” se ha hecho común en el lenguaje mediático, si bien utilizada en ocasiones como sinónimo de mentira y en otras como una tendencia a usar con mayor profusión la argumentación emocional que la racional en la construcción de los mensajes. Al mismo tiempo, existe un creciente uso del discurso intimidatorio en Internet y redes sociales, como una forma –intencionada o no– de acabar con cualquier tipo de debate y, sobre todo, como una forma de comunicación que apuesta por la emocionalidad y renuncia a la racionalidad o la argumentación. Esta propensión se une, al mismo tiempo, a un creciente uso del odio y la intimidación en internet y redes sociales como una forma intencionada o no de acabar con cualquier tipo de debate. En esta línea, el presente artículo analiza los conceptos de postverdad y discurso intimidatorio en el contexto del “proceso catalán” y, en concreto, en el entorno de la votación del 1 de octubre de 2017. Para ello se siguió una metodología cuantitativa, aplicando un análisis de contenido a un total de 573 tuits emitidos entre el 30 de septiembre y el 2 de octubre de 2017. De estos, 150 fueron publicados por trece líderes y portavoces políticos de partidos que contaban con representación en el Congreso de los Diputados y en el Parlament de Catalunya, y el resto eran respuestas de otros usuarios a dichos mensajes. Los resultados corroboran, en consonancia con la idea de postverdad, la tendencia de los políticos a seguir estrategias retóricas basadas en la emoción y los sentimientos. En cuanto a las respuestas de los usuarios, se confirma la tendencia al ataque más que al debate, aunque no se puede confirmar una generalización en el uso de la ofensa y la agresión.
Quando um Governo de Esquerda assusta os media - A formação da “geringonça” nos jornais
Authors: Barros Susana
Published: February 2019

Perante uma tendência interpretativa crescente do jornalismo político em detrimento de um estilo descritivo, os media têm privilegiado a tática face à substância. Longe de ser um mero observador dos acontecimentos, o jornalista assume protagonismo no jogo político, contribuindo quer para o seu desenvolvimento, quer para a construção da perceção publica do mesmo. Incidindo sobre a formação do Governo do PS com o apoio parlamentar do PCP, BE e PEV – conhecido por “Geringonça” -, olhamos para as capas dos jornais Público, Diário de Notícias, Correio de Manhã e Observador, desde as eleições legislativas de 4 de Outubro de 2015 até à aprovação do programa do Governo a 3 de Dezembro de 2015, procurando captar padrões sobre a narrativa jornalística construída acerca de um processo pós-eleitoral inédito em Portugal. Com um corpus composto por 356 peças (233 capas de jornais e 123 editoriais), neste artigo apontamos para o enquadramento dado a este processo político nas primeiras páginas e para a visão da elite jornalística sobre este período manifestado nos editoriais. Situamos pois este trabalho na área do Agenda-Setting e do Framing na medida em que analisamos a forma como os media apresentam a formação do Governo e as questões que mais salientam durante a negociação política que, no nosso entender, não se podem desligar da maneira como noticiaram os anos de austeridade e a presença da Troika em Portugal. Os resultados mostram que, apesar de derrotado nas urnas, o Secretário-Geral do PS António Costa é a figura principal de um período que é apresentado em torno de dois eixos centrais: Estabilidade (associada à coligação PSD/CDS) / Instabilidade (associada ao PS e à esquerda). Acompanhando a tendência do jornalismo político, é o jogo das negociações e não as políticas em causa que surge destacado pela imprensa cujo discurso dominante chumba a formação de um Governo de Esquerda por motivos económicos e simbólicos.
Multimodality and Expressivity in Videogames
Authors: Zagalo Nelson
Published: February 2019

This article addresses multimodality and expressivity in digital games, from the perspective of audiovisual communication, discussing essential critical dimensions regarding game literacy and experience. An overview on how we make meaning from audiovisual media is presented, to frame the focus on the multimodal cognitive nature of digital games. After comparing film and digital games, we discuss how and why the latter are rapidly becoming more relevant than television, discussing media learning differences between vicarious and enactive representations, and the creative need for children to access networks so as to interact in multimodal communication environments.
Experimental evaluation of ultimate bearing capacity of the cutting edge of an open caisson
Authors: Chavda Jitesh T. , Mishra Soumyaranjan , Dodagoudar Goudappa R.
Published: February 2019

Open caissons are sunk into the ground by their own weight. A cutting edge of the caisson having a tapered inner face on loading – that is, raising of the steining – results in bearing failure by displacing the soil which is in contact with the cutting edge. The bearing capacity of the cutting edge and the soil flow mechanism depend on the configuration of the cutting edge, sinking depth and soil type. This paper presents the results of a series of 1g model tests, which investigate the effect of varying tapered angles of the cutting edge on the penetration resistance of the open caisson. The vertical failure load and corresponding vertical bearing capacity factor, N′γ, and the soil flow mechanism around the cutting edge are investigated. The soil flow mechanism and the influence of surcharge formed at the top level of the cutting edge due to advancement of the caisson in the ground are examined using the image-based deformation measurement technique. The results highlight that the cutting angle of the cutting edge and sinking depth play important roles in the load–penetration response and soil flow mechanism.
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Authors: Silva Adriana
Published: February 2019

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Perspectiva socioeconómica de los vendedores informales de Chapinero
Authors: Rincón Báez William Umar , Soler Hurtado Andrea Johanna
Published: February 2019

Introducción: Las ventas informales en la ciudad de Bogotá han aumentado, debido a la grave situación de desempleo que presenta el país.Metodología: La investigación es de tipo descriptivo, donde se buscó caracterizar socio- demográficamente la muestra, además de determinar los factores económicos del negocio y  los productos financieros utilizados por los vendedores informales en Chapinero. Se  utilizó como técnica el muestreo aleatorio simple, con una encuesta avalada por tres jueces. Resultados: Se ha encontrado que las políticas han sido ineficientes, generando diferentes problemáticas.Conclusiones: El desempleo así como la falta de recursos y acceso a préstamos como capital semilla, crean factores que ligados al problema social, encuentran en la informalidad una forma de subsistencia. En forma general en la ciudad se ve esta misma problemática y aún más en la localidad de Chapinero, por ser un sector financiero y comercial, lo cual hace que se creen las condiciones propicias para que la informalidad propenda y se multiplique, mostrando que las políticas de reubicación de los vendedores informales, realizadas por las diferentes administraciones distritales, hayan sido  infructuosas.
AMBROSE BIERCE’IN ŞEYTANIN SÖZLÜĞÜ YAPITININ TÜRKÇE ÇEVİRİLERİNDE MİZAH ÖĞELERİNİN AKTARIMI
Authors: DEMİRKOL ERTÜRK Şule
Published: February 2019

Bu makalede,
İngilizceden Türkçeye mizah çevirisi konusu ele alınmakta ve Ambrose Bierce’ın Şeytanın Sözlüğü başlıklı yapıtının
Türkçe çevirileri incelenerek kaynak metindeki mizah öğelerinin çevirmenler
tarafından hangi yöntemlerle Türkçeye aktarıldığı incelenmektedir. Uygulama
kısmında yapıtın Türkçedeki dört çevirisinden Özge Duygu Gürkan ve Armağan
Ekici tarafından yapılmış olan son iki çeviri incelemeye alınmaktadır. Amaç,
çevirmenlerin sundukları çözümleri ve alternatif aktarım yöntemlerini anlamak
ve tartışmaya açmaktır. Bunun için özellikle mizah çevirisinde güçlük yarattığı
düşünülen sözcük oyunlarıyla birlikte kültürel, tarihsel, dinî ve edebî
göndermelerin çevirisiyle ilgili örnekler incelenmiştir. Sözcük oyunlarının
çevirileri incelenirken, kaynak metinde çift anlamlı sözcükler, ses
benzerlikleri, yeni üretilen sözcükler ya da mevcut sözcüklerin yeni
kullanımları yoluyla üretilen mizahın aktarımına odaklanılmıştır. Dinî,
kültürel, tarihsel ve edebî göndermeler konusunda ise kaynak metin okurlarının
aşina olabilecekleri ancak erek metin okurlarına yabancı gelebilecek
göndermelere dikkat edilmiştir. Çevirmenlerin sözcük oyunlarını aktarmak için
kimi zaman yeni oyunlar yarattığı; kültürel, tarihsel, dinî ve edebî
göndermelerin aktarımında ise ekleme, çıkarma ve dipnot kullanımı gibi
yöntemlere başvurduğu görülmüştür.
ESMÉ SCOTT- STEVENSON VE KIBRIS
Authors: ÇOBAN DÖŞKAYA Füsun
Published: February 2019

Tüm tarihi boyunca stratejik önemi
yüzünden sürekli olarak yabancı devletlerin ilgisini çeken Kıbrıs, Osmanlı'nın
1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus savaşında yenilmesinin ardından İngiltere’nin girişim ve
politikaları sonucunda İngilizlere kiralanmış ancak Osmanlı mülkiyeti olmaya
devam etmiştir. Bu çalışma, Osmanlı’nın Kıbrıs’ın yönetimini İngiltere’ye
bıraktığı dönemin hemen ilk yıllarını konu alan ve İngiliz Esmé Scott-Stevenson
tarafından yazılmış olan Kıbrıs’taki Yuvamız (Our Home in Cyprus) (1879) isimli
eser hakkındadır. Kitap, İngiltere kraliçesi tarafından atanan Sir Garnet
Wolseley yönetiminde 1878’de İngilizler adaya Larnaka’dan çıktıklarında,
Kraliyet ordusunda görev yapan kocası Andrew Scott-Stevenson’un yanında
Kıbrıs'a gelen Esmé Scott-Stevenson’un anlatılarını içermektedir. Esmé Scott-Stevenson'un
Kıbrıs'taki Yuvamız adlı eseri kadın bakış açısı ile yazılmış kolonyal seyahat
yazısı örneğidir ve bir İngiliz kadının kocasının görevi nedeniyle geldiği yeri
ve insanlarını, siyasete karışmadan anlattığı bir eser olarak algılanmamalıdır.
Bu çalışmada, tarihsel arka planın verilmesinin ardından, eserin yazarından
bağımsız olmadığı görüşü ile metin içerisindeki tutarlılık ve tutarsızlıklar
irdelenmektedir.  , Eserde, oryantalist
imgelerin yanı sıra metin aralarında kurgulanan en önemli konu Türk ve Rum
karşıtlığıdır. Bu karşıtlık, en genel haliyle iki toplumun birbiri ile
kıyaslanması şeklinde sunulurken özelde Türk ve Rum kadın tasvirleri aracılığı
ile güçlendirilmekte metin içerisinde sürekli yeniden üretilmektedir.
Supplemental Data for: A Metagenomic Comparison of Tracheal Aspirate and Mini-Bronchial Alveolar Lavage for Assessment of Respiratory Microbiota v1
Authors: Langelier Charles , Kalantar Katrina
Published: February 2019

Supplemental Data for: A Metagenomic Comparison of Tracheal Aspirate and Mini-Bronchial Alveolar Lavage for Assessment of Respiratory Microbiota Authors:Katrina L. Kalantar1; Farzad Moazed2; Stephanie C. Christenson2; Jenny Wilson3; Thomas Deiss2; Annika Belzer2; Kathryn Vessel2, Saharai Caldera4,5, Alejandra Jauregui2, Samaneh Bolourchi2; Joseph L. DeRisi1,4, Carolyn S. Calfee2, Charles Langelier5 Affiliations: 1 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 4Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA 5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
The Public Accounts of a ‘Private’ Act: Domestic Violence in the Eyes of Mamelodi, a South African Township
Authors: Caritus Mazibuko Nokuthula , Umejesi Ikechukwu
Published: February 2019

Domestic violence against women is a serious social and public health problem facing women in South Africa and other countries. This social malaise in South Africa is often seen as “private” – committed within the home space, or “imperceptible” to the public. In other words, domestic violence is framed as a phenomenon that takes place exclusively behind the closed doors of the home. This study contends with this notion of “imperceptibility” in the domestic violence discourse. Using qualitative data from Mamelodi, a black township in Pretoria, South Africa, this paper argues that the notion of imperceptibility is reductionist and helps to perpetuate the act. The commission of domestic violence does not only take place in the privacy of the home; it is also committed in public, and it is visible to the community where it takes place.
Presencia y Tratamiento de las No-Heterosexualidades en la Educación Afectiva-Sexual
Authors: Granero Andújar Alejandro , García Gómez Teresa
Published: February 2019

El fin de este trabajo es conocer en profundidad la inclusión o exclusión de aquellas identidades afectivas-sexuales no-hegemónicas en la educación afectiva-sexual atendiendo al grado de presencia de estas, así como al tratamiento recibido. La investigación está planteada desde un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando el estudio de caso como método de investigación. Los resultados muestran que en las prácticas educativas estudiadas se realiza un trabajo superficial sobre tales identidades, al mismo tiempo que son reproducidos en muchas ocasiones valores excluyentes, discriminatorios o estigmatizantes. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de hacer presentes las relaciones afectivas-sexuales no-heterosexuales de manera normalizada y equiparada a las heterosexuales, tanto en número como en profundización de contenidos, con el fin de no contribuir a la exclusión de aquellas personas no-heterosexuales en nuestras prácticas docentes, así como tampoco a la reproducción y legitimización de valores y actitudes heterocentristas, estigmatizantes y homófobas entre los distintos actores educativos.
CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF MILITARY SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE LIGHT OF MODERN CHALLENGES AND THREATS
Authors: Lutsenko Y.
Published: February 2019

The article provides a scientific analysis of the problems that exist in the sphere of national security of Ukraine. The problems in the sphere of state security of Ukraine are investigated, the concept and content of military security of Ukraine are considered in the light of modern challenges and threats. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the presence of military security, many tasks can be solved to ensure national security and create the necessary conditions for the stable development of political, economic, social, environmental, spiritual, intellectual, demographic fundamentals of society's life. The work emphasizes that military security can not be achieved only through the organization of state defense, and is a complex category, which is closely connected with many spheres of social relations and life of the state. It is noted that military security is the foundation of national security, the basis of the country's independence. In connection with this, the military security of Ukraine as one of the priority (basic) types of national security of the state can not be considered separately from the development of political, economic, social processes both on the European continent and around the world, and some features of the geopolitical situation In many cases, the directions and tasks of Ukraine's foreign policy are determined near its borders.
Cardiovascular risk and the possibility of its correction in women with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Pozdnyakova A. A. , Marchenko L. A. , Runikhina N. K.
Published: February 2019

Since recently, the association of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been extensively discussed in the context of early detection and prevention of CVD in these patients.Aim: to evaluate the relative cardiovascular risk (CV risk) before and after hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women with POI.Materials and methods. The study included 170 women aged from 18 to 40; among them, 85 women with POI and 85 women with regular periods. We evaluated the usual CV risk factors: smoking habits, arterial blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins; in addition, we determined apolipoprotein B (Apo B), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), uric acid, and endotelin-1, as well as the functional markers: the right and left carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). The CV risk was calculated using the relative risk SCORE scale before and after HRT lasted for 12 months.Results. In the POI group, there were 3.8 times more women with a moderate CV risk (per the SCORE scale), whereas in the POI-free group, women with a low CV risk dominated. In addition, the levels of CV risk markers were 4-fold higher in patients with POI (high levels of Apo B, hs-CRP and uric acid, increased CIMT bilaterally, decreased FMD in the brachial artery). Cyclic HRT during 12 months contributed to the lipid profile normalization, decrease in TC, LDL and FMD in the brachial artery as well as to the decrease of relative CV risk in general.Conclusion. The estrogen deficiency in patients with POI is an independent factor in the increased relative risk of CVD. The HRT has anti-atherogenic, antiinflammatory, and angioprotective effects, regulates the production of endothelium-dependent factors of vasoconstriction and vasodilation, leading to a reduction in the relative risk of CVD in general.
Background and precancerous processes in the vulva and vagina: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Solopova A. G. , Tselovalnikova E. V. , Moskvichyova V. S. , Blbulyan T. A. , Shkoda A. S. , Makatsariya A. D.
Published: February 2019

Leukoplakia, kraurosis and pointed condylomas (papillomas) of the vulva represent the group of background benign vulvar diseases. Vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasms are classified as premalignant conditions. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases are not entirely clear due to their complexity. Despite the easy visual assessment of anatomic areas involved in the pathological process, these diseases are rarely diagnosed at an early stage, which might indicate insufficient vigilance of doctors and patients in relation to the early symptoms. Therefore, this field of oncogynecology needs further development ln terms of diagnosisprevention, screening and treatment.
Topical issues of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vulvar and vaginal cancer
Authors: Solopova A. G. , Moskvichyova V. S. , Blbulyan T. A. , Shkoda A. S. , Makatsariya A. D.
Published: February 2019

Vulvar cancer is a rare malignant tumor with the incidence rate of is 3–8 % of the total incidence of female genital malignant diseases. This disease is the 4th common cause of mortality (after cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers) and accounts for 18.2 % of the total lethal outcomes. The anatomical structure of the external female organs with their extensive lymphatic and vascular networks contribute to the aggressive course, the trend to metastasize and rapid tumor growth. Progress in the timely diagnosis of vulvar and vaginal cancer is directly linked to increased competence and oncological vigilance among general practitioners and healthcare institutions. It is up to the primary care providers to identify women at risk or at the initial stages of cancer, and refer them to specialized medical facilities for further diagnostics and treatment. The high mortality from these diseases may be linked to the late detection and to the suboptimal therapy, which necessitates further research in this area.
Bir üniversite hastanesinin yoğun bakım ünitelerinde maliyet analizi
Authors: KARA İskender , KARA İnci , BAYRAKTAR Yeşim Şerife , ÇİÇEKCİ Faruk , YILMAZ Hüseyin , DUMAN Ateş , ÇELİK Jale Bengi
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Hastanelerde yüksek maliyetin sorun olduğu birimlerin arasında yoğun bakım üniteleri önemli yer tutmaktadır. Bu ünitelerde verilen hizmetin kalitesini ve devamlılığını sağlayabilmek için hastaneler belirli dönemlerde maliyet analizi yapmalıdır. Biz bu çalışmada üçüncü seviye hastanemizde bulunan yoğun bakım ünitelerinin bazı genel özelliklerini ve gelir-gider durumlarını ortaya koymayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mayıs 2017-Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında 11 adet yoğun bakım ünitesine yatan toplam 5722 hastanın bazı demografik verileri, yoğun bakım ünitelerinin özellikleri ve gelir-gider durumları kaydedilip karşılaştırma yapıldı.Bulgular: Kardiyoloji, iç hastalıkları, çocuk hastalıkları, beyin cerrahi ve anestezi yoğun bakımların doluluk oranları daha yüksek olmuştur. Ortalama yoğun bakım yatış süreleri ise çocuk hastalıkları, yenidoğan, anestezi ve nöroloji yoğun bakımlarda daha yüksek olmuştur. Mortalite oranları yenidoğan ve kardiyoloji yoğun bakımlarda daha düşük olurken, en yüksek oran göğüs hastalıkları yoğun bakımda tespit edilmiştir (Sırasıyla %1, %4,5 ve %51,2). Yoğun bakımların giderleri birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü kısım olarak gruplandırılarak hesaplandı. Gelirler ise basamaklarına göre hesaplandıktan sonra aradaki gelirler ve giderler arasındaki fark bulundu. Yoğun bakımların toplam giderleri 30.498.563,49 TL olurken, gelir 30.555.040,35 TL olmuştur. Sonuçta 56.476,86 TL fark elde edilmiştir.Sonuç: Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu tarafından basamak sistemi esas alınarak yapılan yoğun bakım geri ödemelerinin toplamda hastanelerin bu alandaki maliyetleri için yeterli olduğu görülmüştür.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors - Alpha in Chronic Inflammation - Mini-Review
Authors: Popa Elena , Zugun-Eloae Florin , Zlei Mihaela , Traian Maria , Bacusca Agnes , Popa Andrei Emilian , Coman Adorata Elena
Published: February 2019

The pathogeny of the metabolic syndrome (MetS ) is not fully elucidated, but a link between visceral obesity and the increase of the proinflammatory response was proven. Atherosclerosis, perceived as a metabolic complication, draws attention to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors- alpha (PPARα). PPARα receptors are transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation and atheromatosis. Hence, it interferes in the pathogeny of cardiovascular diseases and other chronic diseases too (neurological, psychical, neoplasical). The study of the expression of PPARα and its modulation on different level may be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, intervening in the modulation of another proinflammatory factors.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants’ Stem Barks used in Kaduna State of Nigeria
Authors: Ayeni Modupe J. , Kayode Joshua
Published: February 2019

Inventory of plant species whose barks were sold in markets located in two local government areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria was carried out in this study. Three markets were selected randomly from each of the two Local Government Areas of the study area. In each market, 10 medicinal plant vendors and 10 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed with the aid of semi structure questionnaire matrix. Plants whose stem barks were of medicinal values were identified; their mode of preparations and utilizations were documented. The respondents were diverse and cut across socioeconomic classification. Respondents’ consciousness was linked to oral transfer of the indigenous knowledge on plants and the recent realization of their economic values thus trading and the act of apprenticing in trading in medicinal plants is now a viable entrepreneurial venture. 54 plant species, belonging to 28 families, have their barks valued for medicine and were sold in the study area. The species were rich in diverse chemical constituents. The sales and patronage of the identified barks, in the study area, transcend gender but skewed to the males due to religious belief thus suggesting that gender specific roles in medicinal plants could be faith-based. Dependence on plant barks was borne out of the age long tradition and confidence of the people on plant medicine. This was complimented by their affordability and ready availability especially in the markets in the study area. Most of the identified barks were sourced outside the study area though forest reserves abound in all parts of the state, yet importation dominated the supply chain as the reserves were highly depleted due to anthropogenic activities. This study tends to support the previous clamour for biodiversity conservation through cultivation of the identified plant species in the study area.
Protective action of a modified fragment of galanine in rats with doxorubicin-induced heart failure
Authors: Studneva I.M. , Palkeeva M.E. , Veselova O.M. , Molokoedov A.S. , Lubimov R.O. , Ovchinnikov M.V. , Sidorova M.V. , Pisarenko O.I.
Published: February 2019

The use of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) is limited due to its cardiotoxic effect. Using the method of automatic solid-phase peptide synthesis, we obtained a synthetic agonist of galanin receptors GalR1-3 [RAla14, His15]-galanine (2-15) (G), exhibiting cardioprotective properties. It was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The homogeneity and structure of the peptide was confirmed by HPLC, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of G on the metabolism and cardiac function of rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) caused by Dox. Experiments were performed using male Wistar rats weighing 280-300 g. The control group of animals (C) was intraperitoneally treated with saline for 8 weeks; the doxorubicin group (D) of rats was intraperitoneally treated with Doх; the group of Doх + peptide G (D+G) received intraperitoneally injections of Doх and subcutaneously injections of peptide G; the peptide G group (G) was subcutaneously treated with G. At the beginning and at the end of the study, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were determined in blood plasma; the animals were weighed, and cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. At the end of the experiments, the hearts were used for determination of metabolites and assessment of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. After 8-week treatment, animals of group D were characterized by severe heart failure, the lack of weight gain and an increase in plasma TBARS concentration and CK-MB activity. These disorders were accompanied by a decrease in the content of myocardial high-energy phosphates, a reduction inmitochondrial respiratory parameters, accumulation of lactate and glucose in the heart, and disturbances in the metabolism of alanine and glutamic and aspartic acids. Coadministration of G and Dox prevented the increase in plasma CK-MB activity and significantly reduced the plasma TBARS concentration. At the end of the experiments animals of group D+G had higher myocardial energy state and the respiratory control index of mitochondria than animals of group D, there was a decrease in anaerobic glycolysis and no changes in the amino acid content compared to the control. The peptide G significantly improved the parameters of cardiac function and caused weight gain in animals of group D+G in comparison with these parameters in group D. The obtained results demonstrate the ability of a novel agonist of galanin receptors GalR1-3 to attenuate Dox-indiced cardiotoxicity.