bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender-Differentiated Contribution of Goat Farming to Household Income and Food Security in Semi-arid Areas of Msinga, South Africa
Authors: Tsvuura S. , Mudhara M. , Chimonyo M.
Published: August 2021

Small-scale goat farming can significantly contribute to livelihoods, particularly in semi-arid areas where rainfall is erratic and crop farming is too risky. The study investigated the gendered-differentiated contribution of goat farming to household food income and food security in the semi-arid area of Msinga in South Africa using focus group discussions, key informant interviews and a questionnaire survey of 241 households. Using the Household Food Insecurity and Access Scale to measure the household food security of goat farming households, descriptive statistics and the Chi-square statistics, results showed a significant relationship between food security and the household socio-economic parameters such as the education level of the household head (p < 0.05), the gender of the household head (p < 0.05) and the total household income (p < 0.01). The Tobit regression model showed that the main factors determining food security at the household level were education levels, gender and the total household income. Female-headed households were less food secure than male-headed households because they did not have reliable employment to provide adequate and nutritious food for their households. Therefore, empowering women is crucial to ensuring food security because unstable employment opportunities lead to households’ failure to cope with food insecurity adequately. Goat farming did not contribute to household food security because it generated little income as goat sales were generally low, with a mean of 2.1 for male headed-households and 1.0 for female headed-households in 12 months (p < 0.05). Farmers obtained little income from goat farming because goat flock sizes for most households did not increase due to poor nutrition, diseases, predation, and theft. With the household food basket cost reported to be ZAR3 400/US$188, a household would need to sell up to four goats each month to survive solely on goat farming. However, where goat flock size was small, households limited goat sales to maintain the potential to increase their flock size. Empowering women by promoting rural education may increase their chances of being exposed to better management options, acquiring a better understanding of goat management practices, and making informed decisions, thereby contributing to the improvement of food security. Enhancing goat production is essential to increase flock sizes, as this enables farmers to make more sales, thereby improving food security. Therefore, extension workers need to help farmers better manage and utilize goat farming to their full potential. Finally, rural households need to reduce their autonomy and dependency on supermarket goods and become more agri-oriented.
Verwijtbare werkloosheid: een doolhof
Authors: de Leest Bernard
Published: August 2021

Verwijtbare werkloosheid: een doolhof

In dit artikel staat verwijtbare werkloosheid in de zin van de Werkloosheidswet centraal. De auteur beschrijft het criterium voor verwijtbaar werkloos worden en gaat daarnaast in op de vraag wanneer sprake is van verwijtbaar werkloos blijven.
Монгол-Оросын худалдааны шинэ боломж
Authors: А Даваасүрэн
Published: August 2021

Монгол-Оросын худалдааны эргэлтийн бууралтад нөлөөлж буй хүчин зүйлс, манай улсын ОХУ руу нийлүүлж буй экспортын болон ОХУ-аас авч буй импортын барааны бүтэц, ОХУ ДХБ-ын гишүүнээр элсэн орсноор манай хоёр улсын худалдаанд шинэ боломж нээгдэнэ.

 

The New Opportunities for Mongolian and Russian trade relations

The factors influencing the reduction of trade between Mongolia and Russia, structure of Mongolia’s exports to Russia, Mongolia’s imports from Russia, the new challenges Mongolian and Russian trade relations after Russian joins to the WTO.
Строительство демократии в Монголии
Authors: С.В Будаева , А Болортуяа
Published: August 2021

После распада социалистического блока, Монголия как и другие страны постсоветского пространства характеризуется глубокими преобразованиями социальных, политических и экономических основ, которые являются единицами “схемы” социальной структуры обшества страны. На протяжении более 20 лет преобразования, перехода к новой пути развития, Монголия переодолела многие трудности экономического, политического, социального характера с помошью развитых стран и международных организации, таких как ООН, Всемирный Банк и др. Но в результате этих усилий, в настоящее время, Монголия смогла выстроить основные ценности демократии и стала одной и ведущих демократических стран в Азиатском регионе.

 

Democracy building in Mongolia

The paper deals with the achievements and problems of Mongolia at period of its democratic development. It is evident that foreign policy of Mongolia is aiming at solving factual economic tasks which confront the state during complex transformation. Some factors of more successful transformation in comparison with other countries and international organizations. Transformation in Mongolia with its small though rapidly growing population, relatively low starting development level turned out to be rather fruitful.
Excess mortality in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
Authors: Murkowski Radosław
Published: August 2021

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic began in China in November 2019, and spread to most countries around the world in the early 2020, causing a large increase in deaths. The aim of the study described in this paper is to estimate and analyse the geographical and temporal variations in excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in Poland and its regions. The study took into consideration variables such as sex, age and the stage of the pandemic in correlation with the reported number of COVID-19 deaths and the reported number of SARS-CoV-2 virus infections. The standard weekly mortality rate in Poland in 2020 was calculated using the method of time series analysis taking into account weekly seasonal fluctuations in the mortality rate throughout the year, indicated with data reported by registry offices and published by Statistics Poland. The obtained results showed that in 2020, there were approximately 71,000 deaths above the standard number in Poland, most of which, i.e. about 91%, were the deaths of people aged 60 and over. Out of them, only less than 30,000 deaths were reported as deaths caused by COVID-19, which was only about 41% of all excess deaths in this period. The number of excess deaths peaked in the 45th week of 2020, which was the time when the largest number of cases of COVID-19 infection were reported, and not when the largest number of deaths from COVID-19 occurred (which was three weeks later). However, it has not been established yet whether the reason for this situation was an imperfect way of determining the causes of deaths at the beginning of the pandemic, or the excessive burden hospitals were subjected to that caused the increase in deaths from other causes.
Therapeutic massage in women with stress urinary incontinence: a pilot study.
Authors: Wilk Iwona , Rajkowska-Rabon Elżbieta , Sobiech Marta , Kołodyńska Gabriela , Nowak Barbara , Doroszkiewicz Włodzimierz , Andrzejewski Waldemar , Kassolik Krzysztof
Published: August 2021

Background: Stress incontinence affects 25–60% of women of all ages and causes constant discomfort, significantly
lowering quality of life. The most common causes of urinary incontinence are weakened sphincter
muscles or bladder failure.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic massage therapy for
stress urinary incontinence and to determine whether therapeutic massage can restore the normal function
of the bladder sphincters.
Material and methods: The study involved eleven women with a diagnosis of primary stress urinary incontinence,
aged 50–79 years. The women attended therapeutic massage sessions twice a week for four weeks.
A sanitary pad test was performed before starting and immediately after ending the therapy to verify its effectiveness.
Results: In eight women, the amount of urine that leaked decreased after therapy. This result was statistically
significant (p = 0.02). In three cases, urine leakage was reduced to zero.
Conclusions: Therapeutic massage, acting locally, improves the function of the bladder sphincters, their
flexibility and the ability to contract and relax. Massage eliminates or significantly reduces the symptoms of
stress urinary incontinence.
Die Strafbarkeit des Organisationstäters und des Organisators in Deutschland und Georgien
Authors: Okhanashvili Anri
Published: August 2021

The study focuses on the comparison of the figure of the organizational perpetrator, developed in German criminal law, to whom indirect perpetratorship is ascribed due to organizational authority, and the figure of the organizer, that is established by the Georgian criminal law and whose responsibility is justified by its

particular dangerousness to the society. It is considered as the most dangerous form of participation, that is described as offender-like and similar to the responsibility of an organizational perpetrator.

Ultimately, the study supports the dogmatic justification of the organizational perpetrator and criticizes the figure of the organizer as an artificially created political instrument, that lacks a dogmatic basis and should therefore be abolished as a form of participation.
An assessment of Brazilian conservation units – a second look
Authors: Drummond José Augusto Leitão , Franco José Luiz De Andrade , De Oliveira Daniela
Published: August 2021

This is a second overview of the Brazilian conservation unit system for mid-2010. It updates author et al, 2009. It examines six dimensions of federal and state protected areas – age, numbers, types of units, absolute and average sizes, distribution by states and biomes, and degree of compliance with CBD-inspired goals. Major findings: (i) the system maintained a rapid growth rate; (ii) national parks and national forests are the most prominent units; (iii) distribution of units by region and biome remains unbalanced; (iv) state units grew remarkably over the last five years; (v) state units are biased towards sustainable use; (vi) sustainable use units grew more than fully protected units; (vii) Amazonia remains the most extensively protected biome; and (viii) quantitative goals of biome protection are closer to being reached. In 2010 Brazil held the fourth position globally in protected areas; it created the largest number of units between 2000 and 2010; it has the largest combined area of protected tropical formations. However, several regions and biomes remain under protected.
Dengue e falta de infraestrutura urbana na Amazônia brasileira: o caso de Altamira (PA)
Authors: Johansen Igor Cavallini , Do Carmo Roberto Luiz
Published: August 2021

Procurou-se compreender neste estudo quais foram os principais fatores que contribuíram para a deflagração das epidemias de dengue no município de Altamira (Pará) nos anos de 2009 e 2010. Para tanto, buscou-se realizar a análise da relação dialética estabelecida entre população e ambiente. A dinâmica ambiental foi verificada a partir das condições de saneamento básico do município. Já a dinâmica populacional foi aferida a partir da observação da morbidade e mortalidade por dengue. Concluiu-se que a dengue consiste em um fenômeno complexo pela sua multicausalidade, ou seja, por possuir imbricações diversas e complexas entre seus fatores causais. Verificou-se, ainda, que as condições do saneamento básico ou infraestrutura urbana, mostraram ser não o único fator, mas provavelmente um dos mais importantes a serem considerados enquanto capazes de propiciar o desencadeamento de uma realidade epidêmica de dengue.
(Sobre)vivências ribeirinhas na orla fluvial de Marabá-Pará: agentes, processos e espacialidades urbanas
Authors: Nunes Débora Aquino , Trindade Júnior Saint-Clair Cordeiro
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho aborda a relação cidade-rio na Amazônia, através de um estudo de caso: a orla fluvial da cidade de Marabá (sudeste do Pará). Objetiva analisar a dimensão do espaço vivido ribeirinho nessa cidade e sua relação com as ações do poder público materializadas em nível local. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo (registro de histórias de vida, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação sistemática), foi possível constatar que espaços de vivência ribeirinha no interior da cidade de Marabá coexistem com as novas tendências de apropriação de sua orla fluvial. Tal coexistência, entretanto, é, em grande parte, negligenciada pelas ações e intervenções do poder público que se voltam para o reordenamento desse espaço de contato imediato e de forte interação do homem citadino com o elemento hídrico.
CONSTRUÇÃO DE PAISAGEM, ESPAÇO E LUGAR NA VÁRZEA DO RIO SOLIMÕES-AMAZONAS
Authors: Pereira Marcelo Souza , Witkoski Antônio Carlos
Published: August 2021

O regime das águas do rio Solimões-Amazonas (enchente, cheia, vazante e seca) apresenta-nos paisagens que, a partir da presença humana, tornam-se espaços. Paisagem torna-se espaço a partir da dinâmica social, e pela experiência transforma-se em lugar. Homem e rio são agentes construtores deste fenômeno. As definições de “fixos” e “fluxos” são utilizadas para analisar as relações que determinam como, pelas águas e terras de trabalho da várzea, o espaço se transforma em lugar. O estudo evidencia os vários fluxos técnicos-informacionais e demais interferências sofridas pela organização produtiva local devido a “trocas” entre os lugares. Enfim, a dinâmica social, econômica e ambiental da várzea garante aos lugares e aos espaços um constante movimento, produzindo e reproduzindo o modo de vida e a organização social, espaços onde são satisfeitas as necessidades a partir da experiência do lugar.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO PESCADOR E DA FROTA PESQUEIRA COMERCIAL DE MANOEL URBANO E SENA MADUREIRA (AC) E BOCA DO ACRE (AM)
Authors: Almeida Oriana Trindade de , Amaral Luciene , Rivero Sérgio , Silva Christian Nunes da
Published: August 2021

Vários estudos sobre o setor pesqueiro têm sido feitos na região amazônica, entretanto, a maior parte se concentra em regiões próximas à calha do rio do Amazonas e sua foz. Este trabalho foi voltado para caracterização da pesca no rio Purus, frota pesqueira comercial e do pescador em três municípios pesquisados nas margens desse rio, estimando, assim, a produção e a renda da frota pesqueira naquela região. Os resultados mostram que em Manoel Urbano (AC) predomina a pesca de lagos, enquanto que Sena Madureira (AC) os ambientes de pesca são mais diversificados, com registros de pesca em lagos, rios e igarapés. Em Boca do Acre (AM) prevalece a pesca no rio Purus, principalmente na área dos municípios de Pauiní e Lábrea. Quanto ao tipo de embarcação utilizada, em Manoel Urbano a pesca é praticada somente em canoas, sendo que um pequeno percentual corresponde a canoas sem motor, enquanto que em Sena Madureira a maioria dos pescadores pesca de canoas e alguns utilizam barco motor; já em Boca do Acre a pesca é praticada basicamente de barcos, sendo menor o número de canoas motorizadas. Em relação aos custos da viagem, a análise mostrou que os custos variáveis representam 63% da receita dos pescadores de canoa e 76% da receita total dos barcos de pesca. A análise também mostra que pescadores de canoa motorizada apresentaram maior capacidade produtiva por unidade de esforço em relação aos pescadores de barcos.
CHRISTIN, Rodolphe. Manuel d’antitourisme. Paris: Éditions Yago, 2008
Authors: Figueiredo Silvio Lima
Published: August 2021

Sem resumo
Identifying News Consumption, News Avoidance Patterns, and Incidental News Exposure among Jordanians: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mohd Ruba , Serrano Puche Javier ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

In the world we live in, we encounter news everywhere. Authentic or not, fragmented or complete, audiences are being exposed to vast amounts of information, and it seems impossible to limit news intake, even when we want to. In a recent cross-country research based on data gathered from 35 countries (Toff, Kalogeropoulos et al. .2020), it was found that people avoid the news for factors varying between nations. This paper attempts to look into news consumption and avoidance patterns among Jordanians by posing several questions. Their entry points to news, preferred news mediums, the extent to which they are incidentally exposed to information, consciously or unconsciously, as well as if there were news avoidance patterns amongst them. These questions were explored through examination of a limited number of respondents from different generations, genders, and academic backgrounds and by deploying a Q methodology approach executed through card-sorting exercise with a think-aloud protocol and an in-depth one to one interview. The results indicated that Jordanians use multiple entry points to news, and the majority of them regard social media as a source of news. Neither gender, generation, nor the level of education seems to be a determining factor. The study revealed the existence of news avoidance trends. Education appeared to have no impact on the motives behind them.
Media Pseudologies
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Tirtha Prasad ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

In this article, the author seeks to understand how any information society generates clusters of information that act to secure and reinforce ecologies of consumption for media conglomerates and its circle of consumers. Empirical case studies would show that news information may not be based in the larger realities of all the players involved. Societies may be described in such situations as desiring their ends by means of segmented branching, but more empirically, by imperatives of survival and growth. Pseudology comprise the only sustaining principle of discourse for such a world immersed and fragmented by its local interests and their recognizable patterns of behavior as they are retrospectively conditioned by media.
Dividual Subjectivation in World Society
Authors: Ott Michaela ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

Today, new insights into our interdependency with biotic masses, ecological ensembles, and technological and cultural practices in a growing world society all create the need to redefine human subjectivation. Since the so-called individual cannot be separated from these different involvements without endangering his/her existence, we should rethink our self-understanding in terms of the ‘undivided’ person and recognize that this concept expresses a misleading negation of our inevitable participations. It should therefore be replaced by the modified term ‘dividuation’, which endeavours to indicate our multidirectional and often ambivalent forms of entanglement and involuntary co-constitution by technological, cultural or even non-human ‘others’. The ever-specific dividuation has to be recognized and moderated in order to keep up our cohesion and psychophysical metastability.
Phenomenological Ethics of Contemporary Media Theories
Authors: Prole Dragan ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

This article discusses fundamental contradictions regarding the social role of the new media. Avantgarde identifies the emergence of the new media with the possibilities of liberating the man and achieving true individuality, while dystopia qualifies it as the suffocation of individuality, as ballast that levels out and averages a man, as a threat to human freedom. The media technology is for the avant-garde the embodiment of the enriched self and expanded capacities of selfhood, while for dystopia, the media technology is directed against selfhood, since its effects start and end with the creation of alienation, with the distortion of selfhood directed against the fundamental attributes of humanity. On the contrary, for the avant-garde, the breach of media background awareness of the artistic expression has marked the definite parting with the age of alienated artistic practice. According to their most profound beliefs, staggering in the chains of figurative and narrative expressions, art has always served a different purpose, religion, pedagogy, politics, and ideology. Hence, the turn towards the demands and logic of the self-serving media marked the rise from the state of alienation to the state of true achievement, to the emancipation of artists and the art.
The Horror of Kittler’s End of Media
Authors: Steinhoff James ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

This paper examines Friedrich Kittler’s infamous assertion that “media determine our situation” in conjunction with his less-discussed proclamation that the “day is not far off when … the history of communications technologies will literally come to an end” with the advent of artificial intelligence. It explores what Kittler might have meant by suggesting that there could be a situation without media to determine it. First, I survey Kittler’s statements about the end of media. Second, I consider existing interpretations of the end of media and judge them to be inadequate. Finally, I present a reading of the end of media as a horrific event in which the technologically-mediated conditions for subjectivity collapse. This, I suggest, provides support for the notion, advanced by Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, that Kittler came ultimately to find his media theory abhorrent and thus devoted his last years to studying ancient Greece rather than artificial intelligence.
Animation Narrative in Vertical Format
Authors: Mateos Genis Martha Erika , Herrera Romero Luis Daniel , Hidalgo Lerma Uriel ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

Animation, defined as a process utilized to suggest motion to image or drawings, has evolved towards different techniques and styles offered by the industry. Its esthetic nature meets a progressive technologization of art and creativity, and therewith it responds to esthetics enrichment not only in animated object, but also in its creation process. The possibility to have an expanded form in techniques and formats has therefore prompted it to explore and to enrich various elements of its visual narrative. One of the most prominent elements has been the application of vertical format, while also acknowledging the consumption of digital content in smartphones. MOJITO LAB of ARPA/BUAP has focused on this technique as a line of research for 2D animation. This article herein presents some areas with considerable interest in the impact of vertical format in animation as follows: 1) The antecedents of vertical format in both still and moving image; 2) the relation between vertical format and digital media generated by smartphones; 3) observations based on the image analysis of 2D animation utilizing vertical format which provides esthetic qualities to visual narrative language of 2D animation.
From the Self-Image to the Image Itself
Authors: Heikkilä Martta ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

In this article, I examine the idea of the portrait from two viewpoints: the ‘classical’ portrait as it appears in Jean-Luc Nancy’s post-phenomenological philosophy, and the recent self-portrait photographs or ‘selfies’ on social media. First, I consider the portrait’s value in Nancy’s theories of art: for him, portraits hold an important position among the genres of visual art, since they present themselves as distinctive images by extracting the innermost force of the portrayed person. Secondly, I take up the philosophical and political implications of Nancy’s notion of the portrait vis-a-vis the contemporary selfie culture. I suggest that, instead of emphasizing the model’s singularity as traditional artistic portraits do, the flow of selfies tends to create similarity. I begin by clarifying Nancy’s paradoxical claim that the human portrait may resemble a person only on the condition of not representing him or her. After this, I inquire about the philosophical position of selfies as constructed portraits that make visible the absence of the self. However, as I argue, they do this in a sense that differs from Nancy’s account of the portrait. As a result, I propose that the repetition and circulation of selfies has remarkably changed our view on the significance and, finally, the ontology of the portrait.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Ponnatt Tanya Sajan , Lilley Cullen M. , Mirza Kamran M.
Published: August 2021

Context.—

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening disorder of immune regulation that can eventually result in end-organ damage and death. HLH is characterized by uncontrolled activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages that can lead to a cytokine storm. The diagnosis of HLH is often challenging due to the diverse clinical manifestations and the presence of several diagnostic mimics. The prognosis is generally poor, warranting rapid diagnosis and aggressive management.

Objective.—

To provide a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of HLH.

Data Sources.—

Peer-reviewed literature.

Conclusions.—

HLH is a condition where a complete understanding of the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and proper management has an important role in determining patient outcome. Genetic mutations causing impairment in the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells have been identified as the root cause of familial HLH; however, the specific pathogenesis of acquired HLH is unclear. The HLH-2004 protocol used in the diagnosis of HLH was originally developed for the pediatric population. The HLH-2004 protocol still forms the basis of the diagnosis of HLH in adults, although its use in adults has not been formally validated yet. Treatment of HLH is primarily based on the HLH-94 protocol, which involves suppressing the inflammatory response, but the treatment needs to be modified in adults depending on the underlying cause and comorbidities.
La potencialidad de la tecnología en la medición del desarrollo de habilidades sociales en niños con TEA: un análisis desde parámetros fisiológicos
Authors: Cored Bandrés Sergio , Vázquez Toledo Sandra , Liesa Orús Marta , Baldassarri Sandra
Published: August 2021

El uso pedagógico de la tecnología es una realidad y está impulsando un cambio importante en la atención educativa a los niños con necesidades educativas especiales. Sin embargo, pocos son los estudios centrados en cómo verificar el impacto de estas herramientas en las diversas intervenciones que se realizan. En este sentido y con el objeto de evaluar mediante wearables los cambios reales que se producen cuando se interviene en el ámbito de las habilidades sociales en niños con TEA y verificar la potencialidad didáctica de los dispositivos tecnológicos, se plantea una investigación de diseño mixto basada en el método estudio de casos. La muestra ha estado constituida por cuatro alumnos con TEA. La recolección de datos se ha llevado a cabo, por un lado, mediante la observación sistemática de las conductas durante las sesiones de intervención, y por otro, mediante la medición de parámetros fisiológicos (ritmo cardíaco y actividad electrodérmica) a través de un wearable -Empatica E4-, asociándose a estados emocionales de los niños. Los resultados reflejan un aumento del ritmo cardíaco y variaciones en la actividad electrodérmica en situaciones de incomprensión y espera de turnos y un estado más calmado (disminución del ritmo cardíaco) en momentos de fijación de la atención en el dispositivo tecnológico. Asimismo, se observa un descenso en comportamientos no sociales como estereotipias o la mirada perdida y un aumento en conductas sociales. En concreto, aparecen incrementos significativos en la atención conjunta y en el contacto ocular.

The pedagogical use of technology is a reality and is driving a major change in educational care for children with special educational needs. In this sense, and in order to analyze and understand the didactic potential of technology in intervention in social skills in children with ASD, a mixed design investigation based on the case study method is proposed. The sample has been made up of four students with ASD. Data collection has been carried out, on the one hand, by systematic observation of behaviors during the intervention sessions, and on the other hand, by measuring physiological parameters (heart rate and electroconductivity of the skin) through a wearable -Empatica E4-, associating those factors with emotional states of children. The results reflect a decrease in non-social behaviors such as stereotypes or lost gaze and an increase in social behaviors. In particular, there are significant increases in joint attention and eye contact. Likewise, increases in heart rate and variations in the electroconductivity of the skin are observed in situations of misunderstanding and waiting for turns and a calmer state (decrease in heart rate) at times of attention fixation on the technological device. All this confirms that the use of technology enables a more effective intervention in social skills in children with ASD.
Alumnado con enfermedades poco frecuentes (EPF) en las aulas ordinarias: ¿cómo se garantiza su presencia, participación y aprendizaje?
Authors: Bayo Guardiola Rosa , Moliner García Odet
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio forma parte de un estudio más amplio sobre enfermedades poco frecuentes (EPF) e inclusión educativa. La respuesta educativa al alumnado con enfermedades poco frecuentes, también denominadas raras, minoritarias o de baja prevalencia, implica un abordaje integral desde el ámbito educativo, sanitario y psicosocial que supone un reto para los procesos de inclusión que se desarrollan en muchas escuelas. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cuáles son los procesos educativos que favorecen la inclusión del alumnado con enfermedades poco frecuentes en las aulas ordinarias. La metodología de estudio de casos múltiples, permite analizan en profundidad los procesos inclusivos desarrollados en tres centros educativos ordinarios de la Comunidad Valenciana que escolarizan alumnado con EPF. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que recoge la voz de equipos directivos, personal docente y no docente, familiares y alumnado con EPF mediante entrevistas y grupos focales. Los resultados muestran qué procesos  desarrollados en las escuelas garantizan la presencia, participación y aprendizaje del alumnado con EPF. Las conclusiones ponen de relieve la importancia de la planificación y la coordinación de los agentes implicados, la organización de los apoyos, sobre todo los específicos y abre la discusión sobre los dilemas que plantea la evaluación de los aprendizajes.

This study is part of a larger study on rare diseases (RD) and educational inclusion. The educational response to students with rare diseases, also known as rare, minority or low prevalence diseases, implies a comprehensive approach from the educational, health and psychosocial fields that challenges the inclusion processes that are developed in many schools. The aim of this research is to analyse which educational processes favour the inclusion of students with rare diseases in ordinary classrooms. The methodology of multiple case studies allows for an in-depth analysis of the inclusive processes developed in three ordinary schools in the Valencian Community that educate students with RD. This is a qualitative research that includes the voice of management teams, teaching and non-teaching staff, families and students with RD through interviews and focus groups. The results show which processes developed in the schools guarantee the presence, participation and learning of the students with RD. The conclusions highlight the importance of planning and coordination of the agents involved, the organisation of support, especially specific support, and open up the discussion on the dilemmas posed by the evaluation of learning.
Archival research in translation and censorship: Digging into the “true museum of Francoism”
Authors: Lobejón Santos Sergio , Castro Cristina Gómez , Gutiérrez Lanza Camino
Published: August 2021

Systematic research on translation and censorship in Francoist Spain started roughly ten years after the dismantling of the regime’s censorship apparatus in 1985, following the opening of the censorship archives at the Archivo General de la Administración (AGA) in Alcalá de Henares. Since then, numerous comprehensive studies on the translation of various genres have been produced, all of them making extensive use of the censorship files issued and archived by the regime as their main source of information. However, little to no reflection has been done on the structure, usefulness and reliability of those data. This paper examines archival sources in translation and censorship, delving into the AGA’s history and structure, as well as its unique position as a censorship repository. It describes the AGA’s document collections on censored cultural artefacts and the possibilities they afford to study the impact of censorship on the translation of various text types. Ultimately, it argues that while AGA data have proved to be a key component in censorship research in Spain, complementary information is essential in reconstructing translation activity at the time and to ascertain how textual changes observed in censored translations came about.
Green Dialogues and Digital Collaboration on Nonfiction Children’s Literature
Authors: Campagnaro Marnie , Goga Nina
Published: August 2021

Contemporary children’s literature has developed a growing interest in the interconnectedness between humans and the environment and in the ongoing exchange and negotiation of ways to be in the world. These new directions in children’s literature consequently challenge teachers of children’s literature in higher education. The study of contemporary children’s literature needs not only to be informed by new theoretical perspectives like ecocriticism, posthumanism and new materialism, but also to revisit, develop and explore the methodological tools and teaching practices necessary to prepare students to address these demanding issues. The aim of the article is to present and discuss the research question: How is it possible to secure scholarly dialogue and practical collaboration in an academic course on nonfiction children’s literature and environmental issues? Building on a cross-disciplinary theoretical framework consisting of theory of nonfiction, ecocriticism, dialogic teaching, environmental architecture and place-based teaching, the study reports on a pilot course which took place in the summer of 2020. Due to the pandemic situation the course became digital. Hence the digital challenges and possibilities turned out to be a critical aspect of the planned practical collaboration between students, teachers and students and teachers. The main goal of the course was to help motivate students to engage in and negotiate about nonfiction children’s literature and sustainability, to enhance their aesthetic experiences and to foster their environmental consciousness through children’s literature. The course was characterized by its alternating blending of lectures and hands-on experiences with theoretical and methodological tools as well as nature or culture specific places.
The Three Robbers in Three Languages: Exploring a Multilingual Picturebook with Bilingual Student Teachers
Authors: Hartmann Esa Christine , Hélot Christine
Published: August 2021

This study investigates translingual and multimodal teaching strategies in the context of multilingual literacy acquisition within a bilingual education program in France. It is based on a research project carried out at the Graduate School of Education of the University of Strasbourg, during the academic year 2017-2018. The purpose of our research is to analyze the student teachers’ representations and attitudes towards multilingual picturebooks, and to lead them to explore the pedagogical affordances of interlingual and intersemiotic mediation in the context of a multilingual reading project, built around the trilingual edition of Tomi Ungerer’s The Three Robbers. The qualitative analysis of the student teachers’ discourses allows us to discuss how translingual and multimodal activities give rise to a new pedagogical approach to literacy with young readers, specifically in a bilingual education context, and explain how picturebooks can foster integrated, multimodal, and translingual learning, as well as the development of biliteracy and metalinguistic awareness.
Teaching Picturebooks in First Year Literature Courses
Authors: Morris-O’Connor Danielle A.
Published: August 2021

In many universities, first year literature courses are required for students in a wide variety of programs, including arts and sciences. These courses are generally focused on teaching transferable skills and strategies, such as critical analysis, essay writing, and research. This article argues that picturebooks are an exceptional teaching tool for these broadly focused first-year courses, because they quickly engage students as learners, encourage participation, and open students to new approaches of critically reading texts while challenging their assumptions and personal biases about children’s literature. Examples of picturebooks, secondary sources, class discussion, and group work activities used in first year literature courses are shared, along with students’ responses to these approaches. The article ends with an explanation of a short, low-stakes assignment that instructors can assign students to help build essential skills with picturebooks, and exercises to do around picturebooks to work on critical thinking skills. Picturebooks are often perceived as being simple and only for children, but many picturebooks are layered texts that make great teaching tools for any literature course.
Engaging the Social Imagination in the College Classroom Through Radiant Readings of Global Picturebooks
Authors: Panaou Petros
Published: August 2021

Building on Kelly Wissman’s (2019) work, the article describes and analyzes artifacts from the author’s college children’s literature class, during which students read radiantly: in ways that may take them outside of themselves, their realities, and points of view, “like rays emitting from the sun, to seek out alternative perspectives, new directions, and unique pathways” (p. 16). The analysis of these collected student artifacts is guided by Wissman’s understanding of the social imagination as the capacity of a reader to imagine “the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of others” as well as “to invent visions of what should be and what might be” (p. 15). It also builds on the theoretical framework developed by Kathy Short (2019) in relation to the social responsibility that needs to be practiced and cultivated by those involved in the creating, teaching, and reading of global children’s literature. Nurturing reading as an act of creativity and fostering dialogic inquiry around global picturebooks is shown to be quite effective in engaging college students’ social imagination. The author brings evidence from the prompts and artifacts that supports this effectiveness, demonstrating the different ways in which students were able to read Two White Rabbits (2015) and The Arrival (2007) radiantly. The prompts that were designed for these immigration-themed picturebooks were successful in nurturing reading as an act of creativity and fostering dialogic inquiry, and thus succeeded in engaging the students’ social imagination. A main reason behind their success was that, by design, they required readers to use their imagination and creativity as well as pay close attention to the picturebooks’ visual aesthetics in order to fill in the gaps. Another important reason behind the students’ radiant readings was the selection of these specific picturebooks, which fit Jessica Whitelaw’s (2017) definition of disquieting picturebooks as they encourage their readers to embrace unfamiliarity and discomfort.
‘Once Upon Many Times Little Red Riding Hood’: Introducing Contemporary Children’s Literature to Senior Learners
Authors: Fernández de Gamboa Vázquez Karla , Etxaniz Xabier
Published: August 2021

Inspired by the idea of Lifelong Education, the University of the Basque Country decided to open its academic program to senior learners, creating the ‘Experience Classroom’ College. This college, aimed at people over 55 who are not currently working, offers a specific Degree in Human Sciences. One of the compulsory courses of this four-year degree is ‘Language and Literature’. The aim of this paper is to present the short-term project to teach children’s literature conducted in that course, in which we presented senior learners with a general overview of how the production of children’s literature has changed over recent decades. To do so, we analysed the intergenerational classic tale of the Little Red Riding Hood and compared its contemporary retellings. We chose this fairy tale since it is part of a global narrative tradition that has been reinterpreted throughout the history of children's literature according to the social, moral, and literary concerns of each moment. After concluding that most of the learners only knew the Brothers Grimm’s versions of the tale, we read both the Perrault and the Brothers Grimm versions and discussed their differences. In the subsequent lessons we brought 25 diverse contemporary retellings of the fairy tale including picturebooks, silent books, illustrated books, comics and verses. The chosen retellings enabled interesting discussions about psychological characterisation, social criticism, humour and parody, and visual codes concerning narrative and semantics. Ultimately, exploration of this book selection revealed to the senior learners the ways in which postmodern trends have become features that characterise contemporary children’s literature.
Editorial: Teaching Children’s Literature in the University: New Perspectives and Challenges for the Future
Authors: Campagnaro Marnie , Daly Nicola , Short Kathy G.
Published: August 2021

Children’s literature is an area of frequent scholarship, reflecting its influential position in telling stories, developing literacy, and sharing knowledge in many cultures. At its best, children’s literature is transformative in the lives of children and their adult reading companions, and as such plays an important role in society. Indeed, in the last several decades, children’s literature has become an important focus of teaching and research in centres for literature and literary criticism, education, and library/information sciences in universities across the world. Much has been written about the historical undervaluing of children’s literature and research in this area (e.g., Nikolajeva, 2016). While there is considerable literature concerning the teaching of children’s literature in primary and secondary classrooms (e.g., Bland & Lütge, 2012; Arizpe & Styles, 2016; Ommundsen et al., 2021), there has been relatively little scholarship on the pedagogy involved in teaching children’s literature in a university setting with two notable exceptions. Teaching Children’s Fiction edited by Robert Butler (2006) presents eight chapters by experienced children’s literature teachers and scholars, mostly from Britain, concerning intellectual and educational traditions in children’s literature studies and teaching, sharing and discussion of teaching practices, and providing resources for teachers in this field.  A Master Class in Children’s Literature, edited by April Bedford and Lettie Albright (2011), offers chapters in which children’s literature professors from across the United States of America share and reflect on their practice in relation to the structures of children’s literature courses, the characteristics and elements of children’s literature, and future trends and challenges in the teaching of children’s literature.
Legal regulation of the development and application of artificial intelligence in military sector of the Russian Federation in the context of the government strategy and ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights
Authors: Akhmadova Maryam Abdurakhmanovna
Published: August 2021

The subject of this research is the examination of legal perspective on the approaches towards regulation of artificial intelligence and robotic technologies in military sector of the Russian Federation, including in ensuring the protection of the results of intellectual activity of researchers and developers, as well as the analysis of law enforcement practice on the protection of intellectual property in the interests of the state. In this format, the author determines the key conditions for recognition of the results of intellectual activity of military, special, and dual purpose as protectable object in accordance with the effective civil legislation. Attention is given to the practical results of domestic military equipment development using the artificial intelligence systems. The scientific novelty consists in articulation of the problem and approaches towards its research. The conclusion is made wide use of artificial intelligence technologies in the sphere of ensuring national security, as well as regulation based on the technical approach, rather than legal, not only create advantages in the military context, but can also cause issues that must be resolved. Taking into account real achievements in legal regulation of the results of intellectual activity, including the theoretical component, the author ascertains the need for improvement of the legislative framework on both, federal level and bylaws, including for the purpose of achieving a uniform use of the conceptual-categorical apparatus.
Alternative strategies for closing the award gap between white and minority ethnic students
Authors: Cramer Louise
Published: August 2021

In the United Kingdom, undergraduate students from Black, Asian and other minority ethnic backgrounds receive lower classes of degrees than white students, and similar gaps have been reported in other countries. Such award gaps limit ethnic diversity in academic research, and in the broader job market. Whilst there has been some success in reducing the award gap in the UK, a significant gap still persists. Here, based on an analysis of students studying cell biology at University College London, I show that differences in performance at exams contribute significantly more to the award gap than differences in performance in coursework. From these data, plus scrutiny of the literature, alternative policies are identified to speed up the closure of the award gap and to remove the barriers that prevent students from Black, Asian and other minority ethnic backgrounds from progressing to PhD and postdoctoral positions.