bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Children's Prosocial and Co‐operative Behavior from Their Temperamental Profiles: A Person‐centered Approach
Authors: Laible Deborah , Carlo Gustavo , Murphy Tia , Augustine Mairin , Roesch Scott
Published: January 2014

The goal of this study was to examine how aspects of self‐regulation and negative emotionality predicted children's co‐operative and prosocial behavior concurrently and longitudinally using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Mothers completed measures of children's temperamental proneness to negative emotionality and self‐regulation at 54 months. Teachers and parents completed measures of children's co‐operative and prosocial behavior at 54 months, first grade, and third grade. A latent profile analysis of the temperamental variables revealed four profiles of children: those high in regulation and low in negative emotionality, those moderate in regulation and moderate in negative emotionality, those low in regulation and high in negative emotionality, and finally those who were very low in regulation but high in anger emotionality. Generally, children with profiles that were high or moderate in terms of regulation and low or moderate in terms of negative emotionality were rated as the most prosocial and co‐operative. Children with profiles that were less well regulated and who were high in negative emotionality (particularly anger proneness) were rated as less co‐operative and prosocial by parents and teachers.
Broadening Horizons: Self‐Expansion in Relational and Non‐Relational Contexts
Authors: Mattingly Brent A. , Lewandowski Gary W.
Published: January 2014

The self‐expansion model posits that individuals are motivated to broaden their sense of self by acquiring new identities, developing new perspectives, enhancing capabilities, and gaining resources. The self‐expansion motivation is driven by individuals' desire to increase their potential self‐efficacy and ability to accomplish goals. In this article, we discuss two main ways individuals self‐expand – by forming relationships and including the other in the self and through engaging in novel activities that are challenging and/or interesting either on one's own or with a relationship partner. We provide an overview of recent research detailing the numerous interpersonal and intrapersonal benefits and implications of self‐expansion. Additionally, we differentiate self‐expansion from a series of potentially associated constructs.
Implicit Motive Profile Analysis: An If‐Then Contingency Approach to the Picture‐Story Exercise
Authors: Schultheiss Oliver C. , Schultheiss Maria
Published: January 2014

Picture‐story exercise (PSE) measures of implicit motives provide objective, stable, and valid scores. However, PSE scores are also characterized by substantial variability from one picture to the next, resulting in low internal consistency estimates. We argue that this variability is a critical source of the PSE's validity because it reveals stable if‐then contingencies between the situational contexts represented by the picture cues and individuals' motivational responses to them. We also present the correspondence hypothesis, according to which the situational cues in the PSE are representative of specific real‐life situations and a person's imaginative‐story responses to the PSE cues therefore also reflect his or her real‐life responses to such situations. We review corroborating research and discuss the implications of the if‐then contingency approach for assessment, prediction, and for the measurement of motivational congruence.
What happens to Palestine refugees with diabetes mellitus in a primary healthcare centre in Jordan who fail to attend a quarterly clinic appointment?
Authors: Khader Ali , Ballout Ghada , Shahin Yousef , Hababeh Majed , Farajallah Loai , Zeidan Wafaa , Abu‐Zayed Ishtaiwi , Kochi Arata , Harries Anthony D. , Zachariah Rony , Kapur Anil , Shaikh Irshad , Seita Akihiro
Published: January 2014

Objective

In a primary healthcare clinic in Jordan to determine: (i) treatment outcomes stratified by baseline characteristics of all patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) ever registered as of June 2012 and (ii) in those who failed to attend the clinic in the quarter (April–June 2012), the number who repeatedly did not attend in subsequent quarters up to 1 year later, again stratified by baseline characteristics.

Method

A retrospective cohort study with treatment outcome data collected and analysed using e‐health and the cohort analysis approach in UNRWA Nuzha Primary Health Care Clinic for Palestine refugees, Amman, Jordan.

Results

As of June 2012, there were 2974 patients with DM ever registered, of whom 2246 (76%) attended the clinic, 279 (9%) did not attend, 81 (3%) died, 67 (2%) were transferred out and 301 (10%) were lost to follow‐up. A higher proportion of males and patients with undetermined or poor disease control failed to attend the clinic compared with those who attended the clinic. Of the 279 patients who did not attend the clinic in quarter 2, 2012, 144 (52%) were never seen for four consecutive quarters and were therefore defined as lost to follow‐up. There were a few differences between patients who were lost to follow‐up and those who re‐attended at another visit that included some variation in age and fewer disease‐related complications amongst those who were lost to follow‐up.

Conclusion

This study endorses the value of e‐health and cohort analysis for monitoring and managing patients with DM. Just over half of patients who fail to attend a scheduled quarterly appointment are declared lost to follow‐up 1 year later, and systems need to be set up to identify and contact such patients so that those who are late for their appointments can be brought back to care and those who might have died or silently transferred out can be correctly recorded.
Ammonium improves elution of fixed dried blood spots without affecting immunofluorescence assay quality
Authors: Borremans Benny
Published: January 2014

Objective

To solve the problem of fixed dried blood spot elution without damaging IgG antibodies.

Methods

The minimum effective concentration of liquid ammonium (NH3) in a PBS solution, which was found to elute fixed blood, was determined. By using a dilution series, the effects of NH3 on IgG antibody quality were assessed using immunofluorescence assays.

Results

The minimum effective concentration of 0.2% NH3 has no detectable effects on IgG quality.

Conclusion

Ammonium greatly improves blood elution from fixed DBS while maintaining IgG antibody quality. These results are encouraging and provide a basis for further testing of the efficacy of ammonium in different situations as well as its effect on other compounds.
Expression of green fluorescent protein in human foreskin fibroblasts for use in 2D and 3D culture models
Authors: Chao Jie , Peña Tiffany , Heimann Dean G. , Hansen Chris , Doyle David A. , Yanala Ujwal R. , Guenther Timothy M. , Carlson Mark A.
Published: January 2014

The availability of fibroblasts that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) would be of interest for the monitoring of cell growth, migration, contraction, and other processes within the fibroblast‐populated collagen matrix and other culture systems. A plasmid lentiviral vector‐GFP (pLV‐GFP) was utilized for gene delivery to produce primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) that stably express GFP. Cell morphology, cell migration, and collagen contraction were compared between nontransduced HFFs and transduced GFP‐HFFs; no differences were observed. Immunocytochemical staining showed no differences in cell morphology between nontransduced and GFP‐HFFs in both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional culture systems. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in cellular population growth within the collagen matrix populated with nontransduced vs. GFP‐HFFs. Within the limits of our assays, we conclude that transduction of GFP into HFFs did not alter the observed properties of HFFs compared with nontransduced fibroblasts. The GFP‐HFFs may represent a new tool for the convenient monitoring of living primary fibroblast processes in two‐dimensional or three‐dimensional culture.
Interstitial‐matrix edema in burns: Mechanistic insights from subatmospheric pressure treatment in vivo
Authors: McGee Maria P. , Morykwas Michael , Campbell Douglas , Hoge Kathie , Argenta Louis
Published: January 2014

Thermal injury disrupts fluid homeostasis and hydration, affecting hemodynamics and local interstitial fluid‐driving forces, leading rapidly to edema. This study explores local mechanisms in vivo, after deep partial‐thickness burns in the dermal matrix. Heat‐damaged skin was obtained from pig corpses, byproducts of unrelated burn treatment protocols approved by the Institutional Animal‐Care‐and‐Use Committee. Hydration potential and flow rates were measured by osmotic stress techniques at 4 and 37 °C, and collagen folding/unfolding was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Kinetic and equilibrium hydration parameters differed in heat‐damaged and undamaged skin; the mean hydration potential and initial flow rates of damaged skin were negative at 37 but positive at 4 °C, in contrast to the positive mean at either temperature of explants taken from undamaged skin sites on the same animals. After subatmospheric pressure treatment (125 mmHg), parameters in damaged reversed to values similar to those of undamaged, whereas the proportion of folded collagen and unidirectional resistance to water diffusion increased. Together, results support interfacial rather than colloidosmotic fluid transfer mechanisms in burns and confirm in vivo the relevance of collagen folding/unfolding, further suggesting collagen structural transitions as potential therapeutic targets and models for engineered biomimetic materials.
CCN2 expression by fibroblasts is not required for cutaneous tissue repair
Authors: Liu Shangxi , Thompson Katherine , Leask Andrew
Published: January 2014

The CCN family of matricellular proteins, which includes CCN2 and CCN1, is believed to have a major in vivo role in controlling tissue morphogenesis and repair. In adult skin, the proadhesive matricellular protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is specifically up‐regulated in fibrosis and wound healing. In mice, CCN2 is required for dermal fibrogenesis, but whether CCN2 is required for cutaneous tissue repair is unknown. To address this question, in this report we subjected adult mice bearing a fibroblast‐specific deletion of CCN2 to the dermal punch model of cutaneous tissue repair. Loss of CCN2 did not appreciably affect the kinetics of tissue repair, collagen content, or the number of α−smooth muscle actin‐positive cells. CCN1 (cyr61), which has in vitro effect similar to CCN2, is also induced in cutaneous tissue repair. Fibroblast‐specific CCN1/CCN2 double knockout mice were also generated; loss of both CCN1 and CCN2 together did not appreciably affect cutaneous tissue repair. However, loss of CCN2 resulted in impaired recruitment of NG2‐positive pericyte‐like cells to the wound area. Collectively, these results indicate that neither CCN2 nor CCN1 is essential for cutaneous tissue repair; CCN2 appears to be required for recruitment of pericyte‐like cells and may represent a specific antifibrotic target.
Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection
Authors: Krain Lisa J. , Nelson Kenrad E. , Labrique Alain B.
Published: January 2014

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), identified over 30 years ago, remains a serious threat to life, health, and productivity in developing countries where access to clean water is limited. Recognition that HEV also circulates as a zoonotic and food-borne pathogen in developed countries is more recent. Even without treatment, most cases of HEV-related acute viral hepatitis (with or without jaundice) resolve within 1 to 2 months. However, HEV sometimes leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. This review covers the epidemiology of HEV infection worldwide, the humoral and cellular immune responses to HEV, and the persistence and protection of antibodies produced in response to both natural infection and vaccines. We focus on the contributions of altered immune states (associated with pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and immunosuppressive agents used in cancer and transplant medicine) to the elevated risks of chronic infection (in immunosuppressed/immunocompromised patients) and acute liver failure and mortality (among pregnant women). We conclude by discussing outstanding questions about the immune response to HEV and interactions with hormones and comorbid conditions. These questions take on heightened importance now that a vaccine is available.
The Endemic Treponematoses
Authors: Giacani Lorenzo , Lukehart Sheila A.
Published: January 2014

The agents of human treponematoses include four closely related members of the genusTreponema: three subspecies ofTreponema pallidumplusTreponema carateum.T. pallidumsubsp.pallidumcauses venereal syphilis, whileT. pallidumsubsp.pertenue,T. pallidumsubsp.endemicum, andT. carateumare the agents of the endemic treponematoses yaws, bejel (or endemic syphilis), and pinta, respectively. All human treponematoses share remarkable similarities in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, consistent with the high genetic and antigenic relatedness of their etiological agents. Distinctive features have been identified in terms of age of acquisition, most common mode of transmission, and capacity for invasion of the central nervous system and fetus, although the accuracy of these purported differences is debated among investigators and no biological basis for these differences has been identified to date. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially set a goal for yaws eradication by 2020. This challenging but potentially feasible endeavor is favored by the adoption of oral azithromycin for mass treatment and the currently focused distribution of yaws and endemic treponematoses and has revived global interest in these fascinating diseases and their causative agents.
Profound bilateral visual loss after hysterectomy indicated for severe postpartum haemorrhage
Authors: Ostri Christoffer , Zibrandtsen Nathalie , Larsen Michael , Hamann Steffen
Published: January 2014

We present a case of a patient with bilateral posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in the previously unreported setting of hysterectomy indicated for severe postpartum haemorrhage. The diagnosis was based on clinical and paraclinical examinations, including MRI of the head, electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) testing. During 1 year of follow-up, repeated optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans demonstrated optic disc atrophy, which was interpreted as a sign of direct retrograde ganglion cell degeneration after ischaemic damage to the retrolaminar part of the optic nerves. The diagnosis of perioperative posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is mostly a clinical diagnosis. However, MRI plays a major role in excluding other causes of visual loss, and VEP, ERG and OCT are valuable supplemental diagnostic tools.
Smith-Magneis syndrome: behavioural phenotype mimics ADHD
Authors: Gnanavel Sundar
Published: January 2014

A mentally retarded 7-year-old male child presented with inattention and hyperactivity which was initially diagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, a careful evaluation of symptomatology along with clues provided by specific features of facial dysmorphism in this case along with genetic testing clinched the diagnosis of Smith-Magneis syndrome the behavioural phenotype of which closely resembles ADHD.
Transient quadriceps paresis following cocaine use
Authors: Demetriou George A
Published: January 2014

A 31-year-old man presented with bilateral thigh muscle paralysis several hours after intranasal cocaine use. His blood results showed a creatine kinase (CK) level of 3447 u/L and a normal renal function. He made a marked recovery in just 2 h following the intravenous normal saline 0.9%, and was able to walk. He was discharged home the next day.
Effects of high-intensity running training on soccer-specific fitness in professional male players
Authors: Wells Carl , Edwards Andrew , Fysh Mary , Drust Barry
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not physiological and performance gains could be achieved with the addition of high-intensity running to an existing training programme in a group of well trained professional male soccer players. Sixteen professional male players (21.3 ± 2.1 years, stature 177.4 ± 4.2 cm, body mass 73.1 ± 8.1 kg) were randomised in training (TRA, n = 8) and control (CON, n = 8) groups. All players performed physiological assessments before and after a 6-week intervention. Outcome measures were: (i) V̇O2peak, (ii) V̇O2 kinetics during very heavy-intensity exercise, (iii) a maximal anaerobic running test, and (iv) Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 2 (YIRT2). The only aerobic parameter to change after the intervention was the phase III time constant at exercise onset for CON, which lengthened (p = 0.012) to a value similar to that of the TRA group. However, TRA showed gains in anaerobic performance (p = 0.021), time to exhaustion (p = 0.019), and maximal running speed (p = 0.023). In the YIRT2, distance run increased for TRA over time (p = 0.015), and the TRA group were also capable of running further in the YIRT2 after the intervention compared with CON (p = 0.011). This study shows it is possible to improve the soccer-specific high-intensity running capacity of professional players when high-intensity intermittent training is added to the normal training load and that this effect is only detectable in anaerobic capabilities. The observed effects are meaningful to the training practices of elite athletes seeking a competitive edge in team sports when otherwise well matched.
Individual condition, standard metabolic rate, and rearing temperature influence steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) life histories
Authors: Sloat Matthew R. , Reeves Gordon H.
Published: January 2014

We reared juvenile Oncorhychus mykiss with low and high standard metabolic rates (SMR) under alternative thermal regimes to determine how these proximate factors influence life histories in a partially migratory salmonid fish. High SMR significantly decreased rates of freshwater maturation and increased rates of smoltification in females, but not males, after 1 year of rearing. Warmer water temperatures significantly decreased rates of freshwater maturation and increased rates of smoltification in both sexes. Variation in individual growth influenced the probability of adopting anadromy or freshwater residency as life histories, but produced paradoxical results. Individuals with the highest growth performance within their respective temperature treatments had a higher probability of freshwater maturation, but warmer temperatures decreased freshwater maturation despite significantly increasing somatic growth. Whole-body lipid content was significantly lower for fish reared in the warm temperature treatment, which may explain the decreased probability of freshwater maturation for individuals exposed to warmer temperatures. Our results indicate that changes in somatic growth induced by altered thermal regimes can influence the relationship between body size and the probability of maturation. Accordingly, somatic growth may not be a robust predictor of shifts in the prevalence of anadromy and residency in partially migratory salmonids when compared across thermal regimes.
ADE SUBALGEBRAS OF THE TRIPLET VERTEX ALGEBRA 𝒲(p): D-SERIES
Authors: ADAMOVIĆ DRAŽEN , LIN XIANZU , MILAS ANTUN
Published: January 2014

We are continuing our study of ADE-orbifold subalgebras of the triplet vertex algebra 𝒲(p) initiated in D. Adamović, X. Lin and A. Milas, ADE subalgebras of the triplet vertex algebra 𝒲(p): Am-series, Commun. Contemp. Math.15 (2013), Article ID: 1350028, 1–30. This part deals with the dihedral series. First, subject to a certain constant term identity, we classify all irreducible modules for the vertex algebra [Formula: see text], the ℤ2-orbifold of the singlet vertex algebra [Formula: see text]. Then, we classify irreducible modules and determine Zhu's and C2-algebra for the vertex algebra 𝒲(p)D2. A general method for construction of twisted 𝒲(p)-modules is also introduced. We also discuss classification of twisted [Formula: see text]-modules including the twisted Zhu's algebra [Formula: see text], which is of independent interest. The category of admissible Ψ-twisted [Formula: see text]-modules is expected to be semisimple. We also prove C2-cofiniteness of 𝒲(p)Dm for all m, and give a conjectural list of irreducible 𝒲(p)Dm-modules. Finally, we compute characters of the relevant irreducible modules and describe their modular closure.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF NANOPOROUS GLASS ALUMINA FILM AND COMPOSITES
Authors: HUANG CONGLIANG , FENG YANHUI , ZHANG XINXIN , WANG GE
Published: January 2014

In this paper, cross-plane thermal conductivities of the nanoporous glass alumina film (NGAF) and its composites ( Ag /NGAF, with Ag nanowires embedded in) were measured. And a model was setup to predict the thermal conductivity of the nanoporous material. Results show that the thermal conductivity of the NGAF is about 50 times smaller than that of the ceramic alumina. It is about 0.5 W ⋅ m -1⋅ K -1 and depends on both the pore radius and the porosity. The thermal conductivity of the Ag /NGAF is not larger than that of the NGAF. The contact resistance and the unfilled space between Ag nanowires and the matrix are responsible for that.
OPTIMIZED MECHANICAL DESIGN OF CAPACITIVE MICROMACHINED SWITCH: A CAD-BASED NEURAL MODEL
Authors: SUGANTHI S. , MURUGESAN K. , RAGHAVAN S.
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the authors propose the neural modeling of optimized design for pull-in instability reduction of micromachined capacitive shunt radio frequency (RF) micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) switch. Prediction of effective dielectric constant and hence the critical collapse voltage that represents the bridge position instability for two typical bridge geometrics have been derived using artificial neural network (ANN). The effects of residual stress, length of center conductor and the gap between the bridge and center conductor of switch in lowering the driving voltage have been studied. Based on the neural model results, we have observed the reduction of 3 V in critical collapse voltage for an increase of 10 μm in length of center conductor. We have also noted the strong variation in voltage (reduction of 0.8 V for 1 MPa residual stress reduction) with respect to residual stress change. We achieved the reduction of 1.5 V in collapse voltage by reducing the gap between the bridge and the center conductor by 0.1 μm. Among the two structures considered, the structure with lower width of the center conductor proved as an optimum in achieving low critical collapse voltage. Further, the performance of trained neural network with the training datasets derived from MATLAB simulation has been evaluated in terms of convergence speed and mean square error.
CLASSIFICATION OF MINIMAL NONASSOCIATIVE MOUFANG LOOPS OF ORDER pq3
Authors: CHEE WING LOON , GAGOLA STEPHEN M. , RAJAH ANDREW
Published: January 2014

An open problem in the theory of Moufang loops is to classify those loops which are minimally nonassociative, that is, loops which are nonassociative but where all proper subloops are associative. A related question is to classify all integers n for which a minimally nonassociative loop exists. In [Possible orders of nonassociative Moufang loops, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin.41(2) (2000) 237–244], O. Chein and the third author showed that a minimal nonassociative Moufang loop of order 2q3can be constructed by using a non-abelian group of order q3. In [Moufang loops of odd order pq3, J. Algebra235 (2001) 66–93], the third author also proved that for odd primes p < q, a nonassociative Moufang loop of order pq3exists if and only if q ≡ 1 ( mod p). Here we complete the classification of minimally nonassociative Moufang loops of order pq3for primes p < q.
MODELING OF GREEN'S FUNCTION WITH BOTTOM REFLECTIVE PARAMETERS (P, Q) INSTEAD OF GA PARAMETERS
Authors: ZHAO Z. D. , MA LI , SHANG E. C.
Published: January 2014

In shallow-water acoustic waveguide, the bottom of the sea (as the boundary condition that determines the Green's function of the sound propagation) plays an extremely important role in the sound field in water medium, especially at low frequency. Commonly the bottom is characterized by geoacoustic (GA) parameters and nearly all the existing numerical codes for sound field prediction use the GA parameters as the input of the bottom. However, the GA parameters are model based (needs a specified layered bottom model to mount the parameters in) which in practical applications may cause a series of problems such as model mismatching, extra uncertainty for field prediction and time consuming in MFP inverting. When the two bottom reflective parameters (P, Q) are used instead of GA parameters, which are model-free and directly determine the effect of the bottom on the sound field respectively in phase and strength, those problems will be solved naturally. In this paper, for range-independent waveguide using (P, Q) directly as input to construct the Green's function in terms of normal mode field is fully developed. For range-dependent waveguide, we propose an effective-equivalence based mapping between the bottom reflective parameters (P, Q) and the effective half-space (EHS) GA parameters to make (P, Q) as input parameters indirectly. Then all the existed numerical codes can still be used for the calculation of sound field without any modification except using P and Q as the input parameters of the bottom. The accuracy of this mapping is verified for both range-independent and range-dependent waveguide. At last the uncertainty analysis in GA space as well as in PQ space is briefly discussed to reveal the "extra uncertainty" due to the inter-coupling among the GA parameters.
SOA ANTIPATTERNS: AN APPROACH FOR THEIR SPECIFICATION AND DETECTION
Authors: PALMA FRANCIS , NAYROLLES MATHIEU , MOHA NAOUEL , GUÉHÉNEUC YANN-GAËL , BAUDRY BENOIT , JÉZÉQUEL JEAN-MARC
Published: January 2014

Like any other large and complex software systems, Service-Based Systems (SBSs) must evolve to fit new user requirements and execution contexts. The changes resulting from the evolution of SBSs may degrade their design and quality of service (QoS) and may often cause the appearance of common poor solutions in their architecture, called antipatterns, in opposition to design patterns, which are good solutions to recurring problems. Antipatterns resulting from these changes may hinder the future maintenance and evolution of SBSs. The detection of antipatterns is thus crucial to assess the design and QoS of SBSs and facilitate their maintenance and evolution. However, methods and techniques for the detection of antipatterns in SBSs are still in their infancy despite their importance. In this paper, we introduce a novel and innovative approach supported by a framework for specifying and detecting antipatterns in SBSs. Using our approach, we specify 10 well-known and common antipatterns, including Multi Service and Tiny Service, and automatically generate their detection algorithms. We apply and validate the detection algorithms in terms of precision and recall two systems developed independently, (1) Home-Automation, an SBS with 13 services, and (2) FraSCAti, an open-source implementation of the Service Component Architecture (SCA) standard with more than 100 services. This validation demonstrates that our approach enables the specification and detection of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) antipatterns with an average precision of 90% and recall of 97.5%.
Using procedural modeling to explore alternative designs for the louvre
Authors: Calogero Erica , Kaminski Jaime , Arnold David
Published: January 2014

This article presents the process of reconstructing three facade designs for the east wing of the Louvre using procedural modeling. The first proposal reconstructed is Louis Le Vau's 1662 scheme, the second is Gian Lorenzo Bernini's first design, and the third is the 1668
petit conseil
design that still stands today. The results show how such reconstructions may aid both a general and an expert understanding of the three designs. It is proposed that by formalizing the facade description into a shape grammar with procedural modeling, a systematized approach to a stylistic analysis is possible. It is also asserted that such an analysis is still best understood within the historical context of what is known about the contemporary design intentions of the building creators and commissioners.
Experimental archaeology and games
Authors: Woolford Kirk , Dunn Stuart
Published: January 2014

Experimental archaeology has long yielded valuable insights into the tools and techniques that were featured in past peoples’ relationships with the material world around them. However, experimental archaeology has, until now, confined itself to rigid, empirical, and quantitative questions. This article applies principles of experimental archaeology and serious gaming tools in the reconstructions of a British Iron Age round house. This article explains a number of experiments conducted to look for quantitative differences in movement in virtual versus material environments, using both “virtual” studio reconstruction as well as material reconstruction. The data from these experiments was then analysed to look for differences in movement that could be attributed to artefacts and/or environments. This article also explains the structure of the experiments, how the data was generated, what theories may make sense of the data, what conclusions have been drawn, and how serious gaming tools can support the creation of new experimental heritage environments.
Analyzing, Detecting, and Exploiting Sentiment in Web Queries
Authors: Chelaru Sergiu , Altingovde Ismail Sengor , Siersdorfer Stefan , Nejdl Wolfgang
Published: January 2014

The Web contains an increasing amount of biased and opinionated documents on politics, products, and polarizing events. In this article, we present an indepth analysis of Web search queries for controversial topics, focusing on query sentiment. To this end, we conduct extensive user assessments and discriminative term analyses, as well as a sentiment analysis using the SentiWordNet thesaurus, a lexical resource containing sentiment annotations. Furthermore, in order to detect the sentiment expressed in queries, we build different classifiers based on query texts, query result titles, and snippets. We demonstrate the virtue of query sentiment detection in two different use cases. First, we define a query recommendation scenario that employs sentiment detection of results to recommend additional queries for polarized queries issued by search engine users. The second application scenario is controversial topic discovery, where query sentiment classifiers are employed to discover previously unknown topics that trigger both highly positive and negative opinions among the users of a search engine. For both use cases, the results of our evaluations on real-world data are promising and show the viability and potential of query sentiment analysis in practical scenarios.
Second Chance
Authors: Ozcan Rifat , Altingovde Ismail Sengor , Cambazoglu B. Barla , Ulusoy Özgür
Published: January 2014

Web search engines are known to cache the results of previously issued queries. The stored results typically contain the document summaries and some data that is used to construct the final search result page returned to the user. An alternative strategy is to store in the cache only the result document IDs, which take much less space, allowing results of more queries to be cached. These two strategies lead to an interesting trade-off between the hit rate and the average query response latency. In this work, in order to exploit this trade-off, we propose a hybrid result caching strategy where a dynamic result cache is split into two sections: an HTML cache and a docID cache. Moreover, using a realistic cost model, we evaluate the performance of different result prefetching strategies for the proposed hybrid cache and the baseline HTML-only cache. Finally, we propose a machine learning approach to predict singleton queries, which occur only once in the query stream. We show that when the proposed hybrid result caching strategy is coupled with the singleton query predictor, the hit rate is further improved.
A new benchmark dataset with production methodology for short text semantic similarity algorithms
Authors: O'shea James , Bandar Zuhair , Crockett Keeley
Published: January 2014

This research presents a new benchmark dataset for evaluating Short Text Semantic Similarity (STSS) measurement algorithms and the methodology used for its creation. The power of the dataset is evaluated by using it to compare two established algorithms, STASIS and Latent Semantic Analysis. This dataset focuses on measures for use in Conversational Agents; other potential applications include email processing and data mining of social networks. Such applications involve integrating the STSS algorithm in a complex system, but STSS algorithms must be evaluated in their own right and compared with others for their effectiveness before systems integration. Semantic similarity is an artifact of human perception; therefore its evaluation is inherently empirical and requires benchmark datasets derived from human similarity ratings. The new dataset of 64 sentence pairs, STSS-131, has been designed to meet these requirements drawing on a range of resources from traditional grammar to cognitive neuroscience. The human ratings are obtained from a set of trials using new and improved experimental methods, with validated measures and statistics. The results illustrate the increased challenge and the potential longevity of the STSS-131 dataset as the Gold Standard for future STSS algorithm evaluation.
What's in a word?
Authors: Hansen Lone Koefoed
Published: January 2014

Why natural isn't objectively better.
iHypR
Authors: Adali Sibel , Magdon-Ismail Malik , Lu Xiaohui
Published: January 2014

We present a new algorithm called iHypR for computing prominence of actors in social networks of collaborations. Our algorithm builds on the assumption that prominent actors collaborate on prominent objects, and prominent objects are naturally grouped into prominent clusters or groups (hyperedges in a graph). iHypR makes use of the relationships between actors, objects, and hyperedges to compute a global prominence score for the actors in the network. We do not assume the hyperedges are given in advance. Hyperedges computed by our method can perform as well or even better than “true” hyperedges. Our algorithm is customized for networks of collaborations, but it is generally applicable without further tuning. We show, through extensive experimentation with three real-life data sets and multiple external measures of prominence, that our algorithm outperforms existing well-known algorithms. Our work is the first to offer such an extensive evaluation. We show that unlike most existing algorithms, the performance is robust across multiple measures of performance. Further, we give a detailed study of the sensitivity of our algorithm to different data sets and the design choices within the algorithm that a user may wish to change. Our article illustrates the various trade-offs that must be considered in computing prominence in collaborative social networks.
Social trust prediction using heterogeneous networks
Authors: Huang Jin , Nie Feiping , Huang Heng , Tu Yi-Cheng , Lei Yu
Published: January 2014

Along with increasing popularity of social websites, online users rely more on the trustworthiness information to make decisions, extract and filter information, and tag and build connections with other users. However, such social network data often suffer from severe data sparsity and are not able to provide users with enough information. Therefore, trust prediction has emerged as an important topic in social network research. Traditional approaches are primarily based on exploring trust graph topology itself. However, research in sociology and our life experience suggest that people who are in the same social circle often exhibit similar behaviors and tastes. To take advantage of the ancillary information for trust prediction, the challenge then becomes what to transfer and how to transfer. In this article, we address this problem by aggregating heterogeneous social networks and propose a novel joint social networks mining (JSNM) method. Our new joint learning model explores the user-group-level similarity between correlated graphs and simultaneously learns the individual graph structure; therefore, the shared structures and patterns from multiple social networks can be utilized to enhance the prediction tasks. As a result, we not only improve the trust prediction in the target graph but also facilitate other information retrieval tasks in the auxiliary graphs. To optimize the proposed objective function, we use the alternative technique to break down the objective function into several manageable subproblems. We further introduce the auxiliary function to solve the optimization problems with rigorously proved convergence. The extensive experiments have been conducted on both synthetic and real- world data. All empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Solving inverse frequent itemset mining with infrequency constraints via large-scale linear programs
Authors: Guzzo Antonella , Moccia Luigi , Saccà Domenico , Serra Edoardo
Published: January 2014

Inverse frequent set mining
(IFM) is the problem of computing a transaction database D satisfying given support constraints for some itemsets, which are typically the frequent ones. This article proposes a new formulation of IFM, called IFM
I
(IFM
with infrequency constraints
), where the itemsets that are not listed as frequent are constrained to be infrequent; that is, they must have a support less than or equal to a specified unique threshold. An instance of IFM
I
can be seen as an instance of the original IFM by making explicit the infrequency constraints for the minimal infrequent itemsets, corresponding to the so-called negative generator border defined in the literature. The complexity increase from PSPACE (complexity of IFM) to NEXP (complexity of IFM
I
) is caused by the cardinality of the negative generator border, which can be exponential in the original input size. Therefore, the article introduces a specific problem parameter κ that computes an upper bound to this cardinality using a hypergraph interpretation for which minimal infrequent itemsets correspond to minimal transversals. By fixing a constant
k
, the article formulates a
k
-bounded definition of the problem, called
k
-IFM
I
, that collects all instances for which the value of the parameter κ is less than or equal to
k
—its complexity is in PSPACE as for IFM. The bounded problem is encoded as an integer linear program with a large number of variables (actually exponential w.r.t. the number of constraints), which is thereafter approximated by relaxing integer constraints—the decision problem of solving the linear program is proven to be in NP. In order to solve the linear program, a column generation technique is used that is a variation of the simplex method designed to solve large-scale linear programs, in particular with a huge number of variables. The method at each step requires the solution of an auxiliary integer linear program, which is proven to be NP hard in this case and for which a greedy heuristic is presented. The resulting overall column generation solution algorithm enjoys very good scaling as evidenced by the intensive experimentation, thereby paving the way for its application in real-life scenarios.
Fieldwork with vulnerable populations
Authors: Munteanu Cosmin , Molyneaux Heather , O'Donnell Susan
Published: January 2014

Ethical implications for human-computer interaction research
From taxi GPS traces to social and community dynamics
Authors: Castro Pablo Samuel , Zhang Daqing , Chen Chao , Li Shijian , Pan Gang
Published: January 2014

Vehicles equipped with GPS localizers are an important sensory device for examining people’s movements and activities. Taxis equipped with GPS localizers serve the transportation needs of a large number of people driven by diverse needs; their traces can tell us where passengers were picked up and dropped off, which route was taken, and what steps the driver took to find a new passenger. In this article, we provide an exhaustive survey of the work on mining these traces. We first provide a formalization of the data sets, along with an overview of different mechanisms for preprocessing the data. We then classify the existing work into three main categories: social dynamics, traffic dynamics and operational dynamics. Social dynamics refers to the study of the collective behaviour of a city’s population, based on their observed movements; Traffic dynamics studies the resulting flow of the movement through the road network; Operational dynamics refers to the study and analysis of taxi driver’s
modus operandi
. We discuss the different problems currently being researched, the various approaches proposed, and suggest new avenues of research. Finally, we present a historical overview of the research work in this field and discuss which areas hold most promise for future research.
ARI
Authors: Fedorov Viacheslav V. , Qiu Sheng , Reddy A. L. Narasimha , Gratz Paul V.
Published: January 2014

Decreasing the traffic from the CPU LLC to main memory is a very important issue in modern systems. Recent work focuses on cache misses, overlooking the impact of writebacks on the total memory traffic, energy consumption, IPC, and so forth. Policies that foster a balanced approach, between reducing write traffic to memory and improving miss rates, can increase overall performance and improve energy efficiency and memory system lifetime for NVM memory technology, such as phase-change memory (PCM). We propose Adaptive Replacement and Insertion (ARI), an adaptive approach to last-level CPU cache management, optimizing the two parameters (miss rate and writeback rate) simultaneously. Our specific focus is to reduce writebacks as much as possible while maintaining or improving the miss rate relative to conventional LRU replacement policy. ARI reduces LLC writebacks by 33%, on average, while also decreasing misses by 4.7%, on average. In a typical system, this boosts IPC by 4.9%, on average, while decreasing energy consumption by 8.9%. These results are achieved with minimal hardware overheads.
Persuasive technology for sustainable workplaces
Authors: Lockton Dan , Nicholson Luke , Cain Rebecca , Harrison David
Published: January 2014

This forum presents innovative thought, design, and research in the area of interaction design and environmental sustainability. We explore how HCI can contribute to the complex, interdisciplinary efforts to address sustainability challenges.
---Elaine M. Huang, Editor
The place we call home
Authors: Elul Elad Ben
Published: January 2014

This forum aims to offer and promote a rich discussion at the intersection of art, performance, and culture that expands the boundaries of HCI while broadening our understanding of how things of the past come to matter in the present.
---Elisa Giaccardi, Editor
Redesigning
Interactions
Authors: Hayman Luke
Published: January 2014

Luke Hayman, the award-winning graphic designer whose work has transformed such titles as
Time, The Atlantic, Consumer Reports, Cosmo, Travel + Leisure, New York, Folio,
and even
Communications of the ACM,
was presented with a formidable task: Revitalize the look and presentation of a well-established 20-year-old magazine written by and for a community of designers working to enhance the way humans and technologies interact
.

Hayman, and his team from the prestigious global design firm Pentagram, including Shigeto Akiyama and Ellen Peterson, took to the mission readily, working with
Interactions'
editors-in-chief Ron Wakkary and Erik Stolterman, and the magazine's editorial staff to digest where this magazine has been and its vision for the future. Here, Hayman describes what he feels are the key ingredients to a successful redesign and the thought and selection process that went into the contemporary redesign you now hold
.
Turning Off AKT: PHLPP as a Drug Target
Authors: Newton Alexandra C. , Trotman Lloyd C.
Published: January 2014

Precise control of the balance between protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein kinases, and protein dephosphorylation, catalyzed by protein phosphatases, is essential for cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of this balance leads to pathophysiological states, driving diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. Aberrant phosphorylation of components of the pathways that control cell growth and cell survival are particularly prevalent in cancer. One of the most studied tumor suppressors in these pathways is the lipid phosphatase PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten), which dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), thus preventing activation of the oncogenic kinase AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog). In 2005, the discovery of a family of protein phosphatases whose members directly dephosphorylate and inactivate AKT introduced a new negative regulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) oncogenic pathway. Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) isozymes comprise a novel tumor suppressor family whose two members, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, are deleted as frequently as PTEN in cancers such as those of the prostate. PHLPP is thus a novel therapeutic target to suppress oncogenic pathways and is a potential candidate biomarker to stratify patients for the appropriate targeted therapeutics. This review discusses the role of PHLPP in terminating AKT signaling and how pharmacological intervention would impact this pathway.
Emerging Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Chiang Karen , Koo Edward H.
Published: January 2014

Despite decades of intense research, therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still limited to symptomatic treatments that possess only short-term efficacy. Recently, several large-scale Phase III trials targeting amyloid-β production or clearance have failed to show efficacy, leading to a reexamination of the amyloid hypothesis as well as highlighting the need to explore alternatives in both clinical testing strategies and drug discovery targets. In this review, we discuss therapeutics currently being tested in clinical trials and up-and-coming interventions that have shown promise in animal models, devoting attention to the mechanisms that may underlie their ability to influence disease progression and placing particular emphasis on tau therapeutics.