bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny of the male femur: Geometric morphometric analysis applied to a contemporary Spanish population
Authors: Pujol Aniol , Rissech Carme , Ventura Jacint , Turbón Daniel
Published: September 2015

Objective

To describe the morphological changes of the male femur during the adolescent growth spurt and to compare the pattern obtained with that reported previously for females.

Material and Methods

Two hundred and forty males from a Spanish population aged between 9 and 16 years were analysed, based on telemetries. Size and shape variation of the femur was quantified by 22 2D‐landmarks and analysed using geometric morphometric methods. Likewise, the variation of neck–shaft and bicondylar angles were also determined and evaluated by Student's t‐test. Sexual differences were analysed by comparing results here obtained on boys with those corresponding to girls reported in a previous study.

Results

In males, both size and shape varied significantly with age, with males having larger dimensions than females. In general terms, these changes are generally characterised by an increase in robustness of the femur and shape modifications in the epiphyses. During growth, the neck–shaft angle decreases and the size of the greater and lesser trochanters increase. A significant increase of distal epiphyseal dimensions was recorded, mainly in the medial condyle. The angular remodeling of both the neck and the bicondylar regions of the male femur continues until 16 and 15 years, respectively. Female and male femur each followed divergent growth trajectories. Males showed a greater variability in neck–shaft and bicondylar angles than females.

Discussion

The timing, morphology and growth trajectories provided on the femur during development can be very helpful in anthropological, paleoanthropological and evolution studies. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:146–163, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing the Spectrum of Primate Behaviors To Produce a Path for Business Conflict Resolution
Authors: Creo Robert A.
Published: September 2015

Editor's note: Longtime Alternatives columnist Bob Creo, a veteran Pittsburgh neutral, is revisiting his classic CPR Institute website columns of a decade ago in a Back to Basics Series that he has subtitled “Human Problems, Human Solutions.” These updated and expanded columns, in print for the first time, began late last year. He has revisited and re‐examined mediation‐room techniques and practice issues. Last month, he focused on the science behind the behaviors common to primates, and how humans can learn about addressing conflict from their ape, chimp, and monkey cousins. In this column, he turns to placing these behaviors against mediation process points, and translates them into a 10‐point checklist for ADR success. He also provides a comprehensive resource list.
Structure, Biosynthesis, and Occurrence of Bacterial Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Authors: Schimming Olivia , Challinor Victoria L. , Tobias Nicholas J. , Adihou Hélène , Grün Peter , Pöschel Laura , Richter Christian , Schwalbe Harald , Bode Helge B.
Published: September 2015

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widespread plant natural products with potent toxicity and bioactivity. Herein, the identification of bacterial PAs from entomopathogenic bacteria using differential analysis by 2D NMR spectroscopy (DANS) and mass spectrometry is described. Their biosynthesis was elucidated to involve a non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase. The occurrence of these biosynthesis gene clusters in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria indicates an important biological function in bacteria.
Isoniazid@Fe2O3‐Nanocontainer mit antibakterieller Wirkung auf Tuberkulose‐Mykobakterien
Authors: Leidinger Peter , Treptow Jens , Hagens Kristine , Eich Jacqueline , Zehethofer Nicole , Schwudke Dominik , Oehlmann Wulf , Lünsdorf Heinrich , Goldmann Oliver , Schaible Ulrich E. , Dittmar Kurt E. J. , Feldmann Claus
Published: September 2015

Isoniazid‐gefüllte, nanoskalige Fe2O3‐Hohlkugeln (INH@Fe2O3, Durchmesser <30 nm, 48 Gew.‐% INH‐Beladung) werden erstmals vorgestellt und für die Tuberkulose‐Therapie vorgeschlagen. Nach Dextran‐Funktionalisierung zeigen die INH@Fe2O3@DEX‐Nanocontainer hohe Aktivität gegenüber Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) und M.tb.‐infizierten Makrophagen. Die Nanocontainer können als “Trojanisches Pferd” aufgefasst werden und zeigen effiziente, aktive Aufnahme in M.tb.‐infizierte Makrophagen und sogar in mykobakterielle Zellen.
Festkörper‐NMR‐Studien an der Membrananker‐Domäne von YadA in der bakteriellen Außenmembran
Authors: Shahid Shakeel A. , Nagaraj Madhu , Chauhan Nandini , Franks Trent W. , Bardiaux Benjamin , Habeck Michael , Orwick‐Rydmark Marcella , Linke Dirk , van Rossum Barth‐J.
Published: September 2015

MAS‐NMR‐Spektroskopie wurde verwendet, um die Struktur und Dynamik der Membrananker‐Domäne von YadA (YadA‐M) direkt in der bakteriellen Außenmembran zu untersuchen, in der das Protein exprimiert wurde. YadA ist ein Adhäsin des Pathogens Yersinia enterocolitica, das an Interaktionen mit Wirtszellen beteiligt ist und darüber hinaus auch als Modellprotein zu Studien des Autotransportprozesses dient. Mithilfe von 13C‐13C‐DARR‐und PDSD‐Spektren bei unterschiedlichen Mischzeiten konnten wir existierende chemische Verschiebungen für einen weiten Bereich von YadA‐M in der Lipidmembran übertragen. Die chemischen Verschiebungen von YadA‐M waren in den meisten Regionen im Vergleich zu denen in mikrokristallinen Präparationen, auf deren Basis bereits eine Struktur gelöst wurde, unverändert. Das trifft insbesondere auf die ASSA‐Region zu, die vermutlich als Übergangszustand während des Transports der löslichen Domäne eine Haarnadelstruktur einnimmt. Vergleiche der Dynamik zwischen mikrokristallinen und in der Membran eingebetteten Proben zeigen eine höhere Flexibilität der ASSA‐Region in den Außenmembran‐Präparationen bei physiologischen Temperaturen. Diese Studie wird den Weg für die MAS‐NMR‐basierte Strukturberechnung von Membranproteinen und für ein besseres Verständnis der Funktion von dynamischen Proteinbereichen in nativen Membranen bereiten.
Totalsynthese von (+)‐Rubriflordilacton A
Authors: Goh Shermin S. , Chaubet Guilhem , Gockel Birgit , Cordonnier Marie‐Caroline A. , Baars Hannah , Phillips Andrew W. , Anderson Edward A.
Published: September 2015

Zwei enantioselektive Totalsynthesen des Nortriterpenoid‐Naturstoffs Rubriflordilacton A werden beschrieben. Sie verlaufen über Palladium‐ oder Cobalt‐katalysierte Cyclisierungsrouten zu den CDE‐Ringen und werden kurz vor Ende der Syntheseroute zusammengeführt. Das Grundgerüst für den Schlüsselschritt wird durch die konvergente Kupplung einer gemeinsamen Diinkomponente mit einem entsprechenden AB‐Ring‐Aldehyd gebildet. Eine Strategie, die den Weg für die Synthesen anderer Mitglieder der Naturstofffamilie ebnet.
Cyclobutane and Cyclobutene Synthesis: Catalytic Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Xu Yao , Conner Michael L. , Brown M. Kevin
Published: September 2015

Cyclobutanes and cyclobutenes are important structural motifs found in numerous biologically significant molecules, and they are useful intermediates for chemical synthesis. Consequently, [2+2] cycloadditions to access cyclobutanes and cyclobutenes have been established to be particularly useful transformations. Within the last 10 years, an increase in the frequency of publications for catalytic enantioselective [2+2] cycloadditions has occurred. These reactions provide access to a wide array of enantiomerically enriched chemical diversity that was not previously attainable. Described in this review are the advances made in catalytic enantioselective [2+2] cycloadditions to access cyclobutanes and cyclobutenes.
A Two‐Coordinate Cobalt(II) Imido Complex with NHC Ligation: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity
Authors: Du Jingzhen , Wang Linbo , Xie Meihua , Deng Liang
Published: September 2015

The synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity of the first two‐coordinate cobalt complex featuring a metal–element multiple bond [(IPr)Co(NDmp)] (4; IPr=1,3‐bis(2′,6′‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene; Dmp=2,6‐dimesitylphenyl) is reported. Complex 4 was prepared from the reaction of [(IPr)Co(η2‐vtms)2] (vtms=vinyltrimethylsilane) with DmpN3. An X‐ray diffraction study revealed its linear CCoN core and a short CoN distance (1.691(6) Å). Spectroscopic characterization and calculation studies indicated the high‐spin nature of 4 and the multiple‐bond character of the CoN bond. Complex 4 effected group‐transfer reactions to CO and ethylene to form isocyanide and imine, respectively. It also facilitated EH (E=C, Si) σ‐bond activation of terminal alkyne and hydrosilanes to produce the corresponding cobalt(II) alkynyl and cobalt(II) hydride complexes as 1,2‐addition products.
Ortho CH Acylation of Aryl Iodides by Palladium/Norbornene Catalysis
Authors: Dong Zhe , Wang Jianchun , Ren Zhi , Dong Guangbin
Published: September 2015

Reported herein is a palladium/norbornene‐catalyzed ortho‐arene acylation of aryl iodides by a Catellani‐type CH functionalization. This transformation is enabled by isopropyl carbonate anhydrides, which serve as both an acyl cation equivalent and a hydride source.
Impact of fermentation residues on the thermal, structural, and rheological properties of polyhydroxy(butyrate‐co‐valerate) produced from cheese whey and olive oil mill wastewater
Authors: Hilliou Loic , Machado Diogo , Oliveira Catarina S. S. , Gouveia Ana R. , Reis Maria A. M. , Campanari Sabrina , Villano Marianna , Majone Mauro
Published: September 2015

The effects of recovered residues on the characteristics of polyhydroxy(butyrate‐co‐valerate) (PHBV) produced from mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) fed with cheese whey, olive oil mill wastewater, or a synthetic mixture of acetic and propionic acid were investigated. The different types of MMC PHBVs were extracted and purified with different downstream routes; this enabled the recovery of polymers with different hydroxyvalerate contents and different residue types and levels, ranging from 0 to 11%. The results indicate overall that the recovery of residues together with the biopolymer brought benefits to the melt processability of these MMC PHBVs. Impurities triggered thermal degradation at smaller temperatures, promoted melting at lower temperatures, acted as thermal stabilizers, improved the melt viscosity, and enhanced the shear thinning. The degree of crystallinity of the aged samples was not affected by the impurities, but the crystallites size increased. MMC PHBVs recovered with residues containing more proteins showed better thermal stability, whereas MMC PHBVs containing more inorganic residues showed better melt viscoelastic properties. The results of this study show that impurities recovered together with the MMC PHBVs introduced changes to their thermal, semicrystalline, and rheological properties; these changes, in some cases, were detrimental, but they were also potentially advantageous to the processing and conversion of these materials into products such as packages. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42818.
Two‐stage drawing process to prepare high‐strength and porous ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene fibers: Cold drawing and hot drawing
Authors: Liu Hongli , Lv Fei , Li Jing , Cao Tian , Wan Caixia , Zhang Wenhua , Li Liangbin , Zheng Guoqiang , Shen Changyu
Published: September 2015

High‐strength and porous ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers have been prepared through a two‐stage drawing process. Combined with tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering, the mechanical properties, porosity, and microstructural evolution of the UHMWPE fibers were investigated. The first‐stage cold drawing of the gel‐spun fibers and subsequent extraction process produced fibers with oriented lamellae stacks on the surface and plentiful voids inside but with poor mechanical properties. The second‐stage hot drawing of the extracted fibers significantly improved the mechanical properties of the porous fibers because of the formation of lamellar backbone networks on the surface and microfibrillar networks interwoven inside to support the voids. With various processing conditions, the optimized mechanical properties and porosity of the prepared UHMWPE fibers were obtained a tensile strength of 1.31 GPa, a modulus of 10.1 GPa, and a porosity of 35%. In addition, a molecular schematic diagram is proposed to describe structural development under two‐stage drawing, including void formation and lamellar evolution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42823.
Age‐related differences in cognition across the adult lifespan in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lever Anne G. , Geurts Hilde M.
Published: September 2015

It is largely unknown how age impacts cognition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated whether age‐related cognitive differences are similar, reduced or increased across the adult lifespan, examined cognitive strengths and weaknesses, and explored whether objective test performance is related to subjective cognitive challenges. Neuropsychological tests assessing visual and verbal memory, generativity, and theory of mind (ToM), and a self‐report measure assessing cognitive failures were administered to 236 matched participants with and without ASD, aged 20–79 years (IQ > 80). Group comparisons revealed that individuals with ASD had higher scores on visual memory, lower scores on generativity and ToM, and similar performance on verbal memory. However, ToM impairments were no longer present in older (50+ years) adults with ASD. Across adulthood, individuals with ASD demonstrated similar age‐related effects on verbal memory, generativity, and ToM, while age‐related differences were reduced on visual memory. Although adults with ASD reported many cognitive failures, those were not associated with neuropsychological test performance. Hence, while some cognitive abilities (visual and verbal memory) and difficulties (generativity and semantic memory) persist across adulthood in ASD, others become less apparent in old age (ToM). Age‐related differences characteristic of typical aging are reduced or parallel, but not increased in individuals with ASD, suggesting that ASD may partially protect against an age‐related decrease in cognitive functioning. Despite these findings, adults with ASD experience many cognitive daily challenges, which highlights the need for adequate social support and the importance of further research into this topic, including longitudinal studies. Autism Res 2016, 9: 666–676. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐level extracellular secretion of organophosphorous hydrolase of Flavobacterium sp. in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS
Authors: Falahati‐Pour Soudeh Khanamani , Lotfi Abbas Sahebghadam , Ahmadian Gholamreza , Baghizadeh Amin , Behroozi Reza , Haghighi Fereshteh
Published: September 2015

Organophosphorus (OPs) compounds are widely used in many pesticides, insecticides, and chemical nerve agents. These compounds are hazardous for humans and the environment. There are many reports on detoxification of these compounds, among them enzymatic cleavage of these compounds with organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) has been taken into more consideration. Several studies have been performed to improve OPH secretion in Escherichia coli by different signal peptides, but have not been successful. In this study, to achieve the extracellular secretion of OPH in E. coli, the complete opd gene along with its native signal peptide was codon optimized and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. The culture medium showed OPH activity after 2, 4, and 6 H of induction time. The extracellular secretion of OPH was also confirmed by SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis. The effects of different factors in growth medium were also investigated regarding expression and extracellular secretion of OPH. It appears that the secretion of OPH into the extracellular medium is highly affected by culture conditions. Therefore, our results revealed that the recombinant OPH was successfully secreted into the extracellular medium. This secretion system can be considered as a high efficiency biocatalyst for detoxification of OPs compounds.
Das Erdbeben vom 17. Mai 2014 in Südhessen – Ingenieuranalyse der Erdbebenschäden
Authors: Schwarz Jochen , Maiwald Holger , Leipold Mathias , Langhammer Tobias , Kracht Matthias , Müller Bernd
Published: September 2015

Bei dem Erdbeben vom 17. Mai 2014 in Südhessen handelt es sich um das schwerste Ereignis auf dem Gebiet der Bundesrepublik im Jahr 2014. Die Schütterwirkungen des Erdbebens konnten in weiten Teilen von Südhessen, aber auch in Baden‐Württemberg bis Stuttgart wahrgenommen werden.

Obwohl die Magnitude ML = 4,2 auf ein vergleichsweise moderat schwaches Beben schließen lässt, gab es eine bemerkenswerte Schadenskonzentration im Ortsteil Nieder‐Beerbach der Gemeinde Mühltal.

Im betroffenen Gebiet wurden die Bauwerksschäden aufgenommen und ihre Verteilung dokumentiert. Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Eindruck von den vorgefundenen Schäden und unternimmt den Versuch, die Ursachen für die Schadenskonzentration aufzuzeigen. Wie herausgearbeitet werden kann, können die Nähe des Epizentrums und lokale Standorteffekte für eine erste Erklärung herangezogen werden.

Wie dargestellt wird, ist insbesondere infolge der vorherrschenden nicht‐strukturellen Schäden ein Interpretationsspielraum für die makroseismische Einordnung des Bebens gegeben.

The earthquake on May 17, 2014 in Southern Hesse – Engineering analysis of earthquake damage

The earthquake on May 17, 2014 in Southern Hesse was the strongest event on the territory of Germany in 2014. The effects of the earthquake ground motion could not only be perceived in large parts of southern Hesse but also in Stuttgart/Baden‐Württemberg.

Although it was a relatively weak earthquake, there was a remarkable damage concentration in the district Nieder‐Beerbach of the community Mühltal.

In the affected area, the structural damage and their distribution are documented. The paper gives an overview of the damage cases and can be regarded as an attempt to identify the areas of damage concentration. As an outcome of different field surveys and mapping procedures it can be concluded that the location of buildings in vicinity to the epicenter and local site effects have mainly contributed to an increase of damage grades.

Furthermore, results indicate different options for the macroseismic classification of the earthquake, especially with respect to the evaluation of the damage to non‐structural elements.
Untersuchungen zur Zementfiltration während der Herstellung von Verpressankern in nichtbindigen Böden
Authors: Domes Xenia , Benz Thomas
Published: September 2015

Erfahrungen haben gezeigt, dass das Aufbringen eines Verpressdrucks bei der Herstellung von Verpressankern in nichtbindigen Böden die Ankertragfähigkeit maßgeblich steigert, über die genauen Vorgänge während des Verpressvorgangs ist allerdings wenig bekannt. Zwar wird die Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit hauptsächlich auf einen Anstieg der Radialspannungen auf dem Verpresskörper und im umgebenden Boden zurückgeführt, jedoch sind die genauen Zusammenhänge zwischen Höhe des Verpressdrucks, der Verpressdauer und dem Spannungszustand unklar.

Auf Grundlage von Labor‐ und Feldversuchen sowie numerischen Simulationen wurden die Vorgänge während der Ankerherstellung in nichtbindigen Böden untersucht. Zielsetzung hierbei war es, den Einfluss des Verpressvorgangs auf die auf den Anker wirkenden Radialspannungen zu ermitteln.

In einer Serie von Laborversuchen wurden das Filtrationsverhalten von Zementsuspensionen sowie die Stoffeigenschaften des entstehenden Filterkuchens in Abhängigkeit des Verpressdrucks und des Wassergehalts der Suspension ermittelt. Messungen der Suspensionsdrücke im Bohrloch während und nach der Ankerherstellung gaben Aufschluss über das Filtrationsverhalten in situ und Hinweise darauf, wie sich die Radialspannungen auf den Ankerkörper erhöhen.

Basierend auf den Versuchsergebnissen wurde ein numerisches Modell entwickelt, mit dem der Filtrationsvorgang von Zementsuspension in einer FEM‐Analyse simuliert werden kann.

Cement grout filtration during installation of grouted ground anchors in non‐cohesive soils

Pressure grouting during installation of grouted ground anchors is known to increase anchor capacity in non‐cohesive soils, but little information is available on correlations between applied grouting pressures, duration of grouting, ground conditions and increase of anchor pull‐out capacity.

Based on laboratory and in situ tests as well as numerical simulations the processes taking place during installation of grouted ground anchors are investigated for non‐cohesive soils. It was aimed to determine the influence of pressure grouting on the stresses on the anchor body and the properties of the adjacent soil. The knowledge of those is considered prerequisite in order to determine the anchors pull‐out capacity.

Laboratory experiments are presented, which investigated the filtration process of cement grouts and the properties of the filter cake material, taking into account the influence of grouting pressure and initial water/cement ratio of the grout.

In in situ tests during anchor installation the grout pressure was measured inside the borehole during and after anchor installation. Measurements confirmed a grout filtration inside the grouting length and indicated the increase of radial stresses on the anchor body.

Finally a numerical model is proposed to simulate the filtration process of cement grout in a fully coupled flow‐displacement finite element analysis.
Magnetic field effects on bistability and bifurcation phenomena in lipid peroxidation
Authors: Kipriyanov Alexey , Doktorov Alexander , Purtov Peter
Published: September 2015

A simple model based on physically evident assumptions was constructed that may predict the strong effect of low intensity magnetic fields (MFs) on living systems. As a model system, we studied MF effect on lipid peroxidation reaction under steady state conditions. It was assumed that external MF affects rate constants of radical reactions taking place in elementary stages of lipid peroxidation reaction. It was shown that under certain conditions, low intensity MF may provoke a bifurcation transition in the system followed by a significant change in its characteristics. This means that, in principle, an external MF may play a critical role in lipid peroxidation reaction and a cell life. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:485–493, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Überprüfung der zusätzlichen Regeln für ∅︁40 mm nach EC2
Authors: Oettel Vincent , Empelmann Martin
Published: September 2015

Die Verwendung von Betonstählen mit großen Durchmessern > ∅︁32 mm kann bei Druckgliedern zu einer Vereinfachung in der Bewehrungsführung führen, weil sich die Anzahl der Bewehrungsstäbe deutlich verringert. Dadurch ergeben sich auch Vorteile beim Verlegeaufwand, beim Betonieren und Verdichten. Die in DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 in Verbindung mit DIN EN 1992‐1‐1/NA enthaltenen Zusatzregelungen für ∅︁40 mm schränken die baupraktische Anwendung stark ein, da sie auf einer Übertragung der normativen Konstruktionsregeln für Stabbündel sowie auf der Übernahme der besonderen Konstruktionsregeln aus allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen beruhen und experimentell nicht vollständig abgesichert sind. Am iBMB, Fachgebiet Massivbau der TU Braunschweig, wurden experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen an normal‐ und hochfesten Betondruckgliedern mit Rechteckquerschnitt und Längsbewehrungsstäben ∅︁40 mm durchgeführt. Auf Basis der Untersuchungen konnten die Zusatzregeln reduziert und ein Beitrag für eine stärkere baupraktische Anwendung von großen Stabdurchmessern in Druckgliedern geliefert werden.

Checking of additional rules for ∅︁40 mm according to EC2 – Part 3: Columns

The use of reinforcing bars with large diameters > ∅︁32 mm can lead to a simplification in the configuration of the reinforcement due to a significant reduction of the number of reinforcement bars. That leads also to advantages in reinforcing works, concreting and compaction. DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 in conjunction with DIN EN 1992‐1‐1/NA contains additional requirements for large diameter bars, which limit the use of these bars and are based on the transfer of design rules of bundled bars as well as on the adoption of specific design rules from “allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen” and are not completely assured by experiments. Therefore, experimental and theoretical studies on normal and high strength concrete compression members with rectangular cross‐section and longitudinal rebars ∅︁40 mm were conducted at the iBMB, Division of Concrete Construction of the TU Braunschweig. Based on the studies, the additional requirements could be reduced and a contribution for a stronger practical construction application of large diameters in compression members could be provided.
Untersuchungen zum Durchstanztragverhalten exzentrisch belasteter Einzelfundamente
Authors: Kueres Dominik , Wieneke Katrin , Siburg Carsten
Published: September 2015

Der Bemessungsansatz gegen Durchstanzen nach DIN EN 1992‐1‐1+NA(D) wurde anhand der Ergebnisse von Durchstanzversuchen an zentrisch belasteten Einzelfundamenten hergeleitet. Während für die Ermittlung des Durchstanzwiderstands eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Schubspannungen entlang des kritischen Rundschnitts unterstellt wird, werden Lastexzentrizitäten auf der Einwirkungsseite über den Lasterhöhungsbeiwert β berücksichtigt.

Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Durchstanztragverhalten exzentrisch belasteter Einzelfundamente deuten auf eine Reduktion des mehraxialen Spannungszustands entlang des Stützenanschnitts mit steigender Lastausmitte hin. Ausgehend von in der Literatur beschriebenen Durchstanzversuchen an exzentrisch belasteten Einzelfundamenten wurden nichtlineare Finite‐Elemente‐Simulationen durchgeführt, um in Parameterstudien den Einfluss der Lastausmitte auf die Durchstanztragfähigkeit zu untersuchen. Anhand der Ergebnisse der numerischen Simulationen wurde ein Vorschlag zur Berücksichtigung von Lastexzentrizitäten bei der Durchstanzbemessung von Einzelfundamenten nach DIN EN 1992‐1‐1+NA(D) erarbeitet. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse der experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen an exzentrisch belasteten Einzelfundamenten vorgestellt und ein Vergleich des neuen Vorschlags mit den bestehenden Ansätzen sowie einer systematischen Versuchsserie präsentiert.

Investigations on the punching behaviour of eccentrically loaded footings

The design concept for punching shear according to DIN EN 1992‐1‐1+NA(D) has been derived from the results of tests conducted on centrically loaded footings. While a uniform distribution of shear stress along the critical perimeter is assumed for determining the punching shear resistance, load eccentricities are taken into account by the load‐increasing factor β.

Theoretical and experimental investigations on the punching shear behaviour of eccentrically loaded footings indicate a reduction of the multi‐axial stress state along the column face with increasing load eccentricity. Based on punching tests on eccentrically loaded footings described in literature, non‐linear finite‐element simulations have been performed and subsequently the influence of load eccentricity on the punching shear behaviour has been examined in parameter studies. Based on the results of the numerical simulations, an approach for the consideration of load eccentricities in the punching shear design of footings according to DIN EN 1992‐1‐1+NA(D) has been developed. This article presents and describes the results of experimental and theoretical investigations on eccentrically loaded footings and compares the new proposal with existing approaches by means of a systematic test series.
Numerical investigation of dynamic microorgan devices as drug screening platforms. Part II: Microscale modeling approach and validation
Authors: Tourlomousis Filippos , Chang Robert C.
Published: September 2015

The authors have previously reported a rigorous macroscale modeling approach for an in vitro 3D dynamic microorgan device (DMD). This paper represents the second of a two‐part model‐based investigation where the effect of microscale (single liver cell‐level) shear‐mediated mechanotransduction on drug biotransformation is deconstructed. Herein, each cell is explicitly incorporated into the geometric model as single compartmentalized metabolic structures. Each cell's metabolic activity is coupled with the microscale hydrodynamic Wall Shear Stress (WSS) simulated around the cell boundary through a semi‐empirical polynomial function as an additional reaction term in the mass transfer equations. Guided by the macroscale model‐based hydrodynamics, only 9 cells in 3 representative DMD domains are explicitly modeled. Dynamic and reaction similarity rules based on non‐dimensionalization are invoked to correlate the numerical and empirical models, accounting for the substrate time scales. The proposed modeling approach addresses the key challenge of computational cost towards modeling complex large‐scale DMD‐type system with prohibitively high cell densities. Transient simulations are implemented to extract the drug metabolite profile with the microscale modeling approach validated with an experimental drug flow study. The results from the author's study demonstrate the preferred implementation of the microscale modeling approach over that of its macroscale counterpart. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 623–634. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Femoral access‐related complications during percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation comparing single versus double Prostar XL device closure
Authors: Saleh Nawsad , De Palma Rodney , Settergren Magnus , Rück Andreas
Published: September 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a double Prostar XL suture‐based closure technique compared to a conventional single Prostar XL technique in elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) via the common femoral artery.

Background

TAVI is recommended as a treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis for those who are at high or prohibitive risk of surgical valve replacement. Vascular complications remain the most frequent category of procedural complication. The most efficacious and safest percutaneous suture‐based closure technique is unknown.

Methods

Prospective observational study of Prostar XL device closures used in 126 consecutive patients between 2012 and 2014. Single Prostar XL closure was used in 63 patients and double Prostar XL closure in a further 63 patients. Outcomes from the groups were compared. All patients were treated transfemorally through an 18Fr sheath. Technical success was defined as hemostasis not requiring interventional or surgical repair during hospital admission. Bleeding and vascular complications were defined using the second consensus of the valvular academic research consortium (VARC‐2) criteria.

Results

The cohort was aged 83+/‐6 and 48% were female with a logistic Euroscore of 24+/‐11.6. Technical success was 86% and 98% respectively (P = 0.017) with systematic single and double Prostar XL closure. Composite VARC‐2 vascular and bleeding complications occurred more frequently in the single Prostar XL group compared to the double Prostar XL group (10 [16%] v 3 [5%] P < 0.04, and 17 [27%] v 6 [10%] P < 0.004).

Conclusion

A systematic double Prostar XL closure technique for large caliber arterial access sites during TAVI is feasible, safe and associated with fewer technical failures, fewer vascular complications, and less bleeding compared with single Prostar XL. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Malattached septum primum and deficient septal rim predict unsuccessful transcatheter closure of atrial communications
Authors: Ostermayer Stefan H. , Srivastava Shubhika , Doucette John T. , Ko H. Helen , Geiger Miwa , Parness Ira A. , Love Barry A.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

Assess impact of malattached septum primum (MASP) on transcatheter closure of interatrial communications.

Background

Large defect size and deficient rims have been described as predictors for complications and unsuccessful device placement in closure of interatrial communications. MASP is an underappreciated morphologic atrial septal variation whose prevalence in isolated atrial communications and its influence on percutaneous device closure has not been systematically assessed.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated echocardiographic data of 328 patients scheduled for percutaneous secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure between January 2006 and January 2013. In ASD patients, defect size was measured by balloon stretch diameter while the length of the surrounding rims was measured in standard transthoracic and transesophageal views. Furthermore, the distance between septum primum and septum secundum as it attaches to the left atrial roof was evaluated in both, ASD and PFO patients. Septal anatomy of patients with procedural failure was compared to the anatomy of patients in whom the procedure was successful.

Results

Transcatheter defect closure was successful in 131 (92.3%) of 142 ASD patients (32.3 years ± 24.7 years) and in all 186 PFO patients (49.6 years ± 16.2 years). Thirteen (4%) patients were found to have MASP (1.6 mm–13 mm). Smaller retroaortic rim, inferior rim, and the presence of a MASP were independently associated with procedural failure in ASD patients (P = 0.02, P = 0.03, and P = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusion

Smaller retroaortic and inferior rims, as well as MASP are independent risk factors for unsuccessful transcatheter ASD closure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of smoking status on clinical outcomes after successful chronic total occlusion intervention: Korean national registry of CTO intervention
Authors: Lee Min‐Ho , Park Jin Joo , Yoon Chang‐Hwan , Cha Myung‐Jin , Park Sang‐Don , Oh Il‐Young , Suh Jung‐Won , Cho Young‐Seok , Youn Tae‐Jin , Rha Seung‐Woon , Yu Cheol Woong , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Jang Yangsoo , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Chae In‐Ho , Choi Dong‐Ju
Published: September 2015

Objectives

We sought to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on long‐term outcomes after successful percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions.

Background

Cigarette smoking promotes the progression of atherosclerosis but enhances the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel.

Methods

The Korea National Registry of CTO Intervention included 2,167 patients with CTO lesions from 26 centers who were successfully revascularized with drug‐eluting stents from 2007 to 2009. Thrombotic events were defined as the composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis.

Results

Current‐smokers had more favorable baseline characteristics such as a younger age and lower prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. At 1 year, current‐smokers had a significantly lower thrombotic event rate (1.1% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.034), but a significantly higher target vessel revascularization (TVR) rate (7.2% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.017) compared with never‐smokers. After adjustment, current‐smoking was independently associated with a 72% decreased risk for thrombotic events, and 73% increased risk for TVR.

Conclusions

In patients with a revascularized CTO lesion, cigarette smoking is associated with fewer thrombotic events but with a higher incidence of TVR. Patients with CTO may benefit from smoking cessation to reduce TVR in conjunction with the use of new more potent antiplatelet agents whose effect is independent of cigarette smoking to improve thrombotic events. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous occlusion of vascular malformations in pediatric and adult patients: 20‐Year Experience of a Single Center
Authors: Pereira‐da‐Silva Tiago , Martins José Diogo , de Sousa Lídia , Fiarresga António , Trigo Pereira Conceição , Cruz Ferreira Rui , Ferreira Pinto Fátima
Published: September 2015

Objective

A case series on different vascular malformations (VM) treated with percutaneous occlusion in children and adults is presented.

Background

Percutaneous occlusion is usually the preferred treatment method for VM. Previous series have mostly focused on single types of devices and/or VM.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent percutaneous occlusion of VM in a single center, from 1995 to 2014, excluding patent ductus arteriosus. Clinical and angiographic data, procedural details, implanted devices, and complications were assessed. Procedural success was defined as effective device deployment with none or minimal residual flow. Predictors of procedural failure and complications were determined by multivariate analysis.

Results

A total of 123 VM were intervened in 47 patients with median age of 12 years (25 days–76 years). The VM included 55 pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae, 39 aortopulmonary collaterals, 10 systemic venovenous collaterals, 8 peripheral arteriovenous fistulae, 5 Blalock‐Taussig shunts, 4 coronary fistulae, and 2 Fontan fenestrations. The 143 devices used included 80 vascular plugs, 38 coils, 22 duct occluders, and 3 foramen ovale or atrial septal defect occluders. Median vessel size was 4.5 (2.0–16.0) mm and device/vessel size ratio was 1.4 (1.1–2.0). Successful occlusion was achieved in 118 (95.9%) VM, including three reinterventions. Four (3.3%) clinically relevant complications occurred, without permanent sequelae. Lower body weight was independently associated with procedural failure and complications.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the largest series on different VM occluded percutaneously in children and adults, excluding patent ductus arteriosus. Percutaneous occlusion was effective and safe, using different devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transulnar versus transradial access for coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dahal Khagendra , Rijal Jharendra , Lee Juyong , Korr Kenneth S. , Azrin Michael
Published: September 2015

Background

Although transfemoral access (TFA) remains the standard of care for patients undergoing coronary angiography (CA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the USA, TRA is being increasingly used over TFA due to lower bleeding and mortality rates on the basis of meta‐analyses and recently published MATRIX trial. In patients with unsuccessful ipsilateral radial access, TUA has been used as an alternative approach. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TUA and TRA have reached mixed conclusions regarding the use of transulnar approach for coronary procedures.

Objectives

To systematically review and perform a meta‐analysis of published RCTs comparing the safety and efficacy of transulnar access (TUA) vs. transradial access (TRA) in patients undergoing CA or PCI.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched for RCTs since inception through December, 2014. Meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects model.

Results

Five RCTs involving 2,744 total patients were included in the meta‐analysis. TUA compared with TRA had similar risks of MACE [risk ratio (RR): 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56–1.36;P = 0.54] and access‐related complications [RR: 0.92 (0.67–1.27);P = 0.62]. Higher rates of access cross‐over [RR: 2.31 (1.07–4.98);P = 0.003] and number of punctures [1.57 vs. 1.4; mean difference (MD): 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08–0.26;P = 0.0002] were noted with TUA. There was no difference in arterial access time [12.8 vs. 10.9 min; MD: 1.86 (−1.35–5.7);P = 0.26], fluoroscopy time [7.6 vs. 7.2 min; MD: 0.37 (−0.39 − 1.13);P = 0.34] and contrast volume [151 vs. 153.7 ml; MD: −2.74 (−17.21 − 11.73);P = 0.71].

Conclusion

For patients requiring CA or PCI, TUA compared with TRA has similar efficacy and safety except for higher puncture rates and access cross‐over. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ischemic time is a better predictor than door‐to‐balloon time for mortality and infarct size in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Solhpour Amirreza , Chang Kay‐Won , Arain Salman A. , Balan Prakash , Loghin Catalin , McCarthy James J. , Vernon Anderson H. , Smalling Richard W.
Published: September 2015

Background

Current guidelines for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) recommend early revascularization with optimal ischemic time (IT) < 120 min and door‐to‐balloon (D2B) time < 90 min. The focus of most studies has been D2B time, while IT is not frequently reported. We tested the hypothesis that total IT is a better predictor than D2B time for mortality and infarct size.

Methods and Results

Between December 2008 and April 2013, 786 patients with STEMI were treated in our STEMI center, and 262 of these had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 3–5 days after the index event. Total IT was defined as time from symptom onset to device activation, while D2B time was defined as hospital arrival to device activation. Patients were divided into three groups according to IT (<120, 120–239, ≥240 min) and into four groups according to D2B time (<30, 30–59, 60–89, ≥90 min). Baseline demographics including age, cardiac risk factors, and LAD infarct location were similar between groups. The 30‐day mortality rate significantly increased across IT groups but did not correlate with D2B time groups. Similarly, infarct size significantly increased across IT groups but did not correlate with D2B time groups.

Conclusions

In STEMI patients, IT was a better predictor than D2B time for 30‐day mortality and infarct size. Our findings suggest that the focus of STEMI care should be directed at early initiation of therapy and minimizing IT rather than on D2B time alone. The potential impact of IT reporting in current STEMI registries merits further consideration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
P16 and HPV discordance in metastatic carcinoma of cervical lymph nodes of unknown primary
Authors: Ralph Alyssa , Meyer Andrew , Sirota Ronald , Hooberman Arthur
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical Message

The prognostic utility of HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and non‐OPSCC as has been well documented. Currently, a standardized IHC scoring system does not exist and is needed to define HPV positivity. We have recently seen a patient that provides a caution in using p16 status as a diagnostic aid.
Tongue fasciculations in an infant with spinal muscular atrophy type 1
Authors: Giannopoulou Eleni Z. , Martin Thomas , Wirth Brunhilde , Yilmaz Umut , Gortner Ludwig , Meyer Sascha
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical Message

Muscular hypotonia in infants may be associated with several conditions, such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). We report on an infant with tongue fasciculations and a rare mutation of the SMN1 gene. The presence of tongue fasciculations in combination with a thorough history may be suggestive of SMA.
Aplasia cutis congenita: a conservative approach of a case with large, extensive skin, and underlying skull defect
Authors: Rocha Dalila , Rodrigues Joana , Marques Jorge Sales , Pinto Rui , Gomes Anabela
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical Message

Aplasia cutis congenita is a disease in which skin, bone, and dura mater can be absent. In majority of the cases it affects the scalp. We report a baby girl born at term with a large scalp and skull defect measuring 9 × 10 cm. Conservative treatment led to complete epithelization.
Porous Carbon Supports: Recent Advances with Various Morphologies and Compositions
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Zhu Huiyuan , Dai Sheng
Published: September 2015

The importance of porous carbon as the support material is well recognized in the catalysis community, and it would be even more attractive if several characteristics are considered, such as the stability in acidic and basic media or the ease of noble metal recovery through complete burn off. Because it is still difficult to obtain constant properties even from batch to batch, activated carbons are not popular in industrial catalysis now. During the past decade, the rapid development of nanotechnology has boosted the carbon field, and a number of novel carbons with unique morphologies (such as carbon nanospheres, graphene or sheet‐like carbon, and ordered mesoporous carbon) and composites (such as nitrogen‐doped carbon and carbon nitride) are emerging, which at the same time greatly benefit heterogeneous catalysis. Metal nanoparticles or metal oxides supported on those carbon supports resulted in interesting and exceptional performances in various catalytic processes, such as selective oxidations, hydrogenations, and oxygen reduction reactions. In this contribution, we review recent progress of porous carbon supports with different morphologies and compositions.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis towards the Active Agent Travoprost
Authors: Holec Claudia , Sandkuhl Diana , Rother Dörte , Kroutil Wolfgang , Pietruszka Jörg
Published: September 2015

The antiglaucoma agent travoprost, which is an analogue of the prostaglandin PGF2α, was synthesized by means of a three‐component coupling utilizing chemoenzymatically generated building blocks in high enantiopurity.
Onion‐Like Graphene Carbon Nanospheres as Stable Catalysts for Carbon Monoxide and Methane Chlorination
Authors: Centi Gabriele , Barbera Katia , Perathoner Siglinda , Gupta Navneet K. , Ember Erika E. , Lercher Johannes A.
Published: September 2015

Thermal treatment induces a modification in the nanostructure of carbon nanospheres that generates ordered hemi‐fullerene‐type graphene shells arranged in a concentric onion‐type structure. The catalytic reactivity of these structures is studied in comparison with that of the parent carbon material. The change in the surface reactivity induced by the transformation of the nanostructure, characterized by TEM, XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and porosity measurements, is investigated by multipulses of Cl2 in inert gas or in the presence of CH4 or CO. The strained CC bonds (sp2‐type) in the hemi‐fullerene‐type graphene shells induce unusually strong, but reversible, chemisorption of Cl2 in molecular form. The active species in CH4 and CO chlorination is probably in the radical‐like form. Highly strained CC bonds in the parent carbon materials react irreversibly with Cl2, inhibiting further reaction with CO. In addition, the higher presence of sp3‐type defect sites promotes the formation of HCl with deactivation of the reactive CC sites. The nano‐ordering of the hemi‐fullerene‐type graphene thus reduces the presence of defects and transforms strained CC bonds, resulting in irreversible chemisorption of Cl2 to catalytic sites able to perform selective chlorination.
Noninvasive Nanoscopy Uncovers the Impact of the Hierarchical Porous Structure on the Catalytic Activity of Single Dealuminated Mordenite Crystals
Authors: Kubarev Alexey V. , Janssen Kris P. F. , Roeffaers Maarten B. J.
Published: September 2015

Spatial restrictions around catalytic sites, provided by molecular‐sized micropores, are beneficial to reaction selectivity but also inherently limit diffusion. The molecular transport can be enhanced by introducing meso‐ and macropores. However, the impact of this extraframework porosity on the local nanoscale reactivity is relatively unexplored. Herein we show that the area of enhanced reactivity in hierarchical zeolite, examined with super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy, is spatially restricted to narrow zones around meso‐ and macropores, as observed with focused ion‐beam‐assisted scanning electron microscopy. This comparison indicates that reagent molecules efficiently reach catalytic active sites only in the micropores surrounding extraframework porosity and that extensive macroporosity does not warrant optimal reactivity distribution throughout a hierarchical porous zeolite.