bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of manual therapy in pain and safety of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Bowen , Ba He , Kong Lingjun , Fu Yangyang , Ren Jun , Zhu Qingguang , Fang Min
Published: March 2024

Background

Manual therapy (MT) is frequently used in combination with management of osteoarthritis of the knee, but there is no consensus on the exact efficacy of this treatment strategy. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the pain relief and safety of MT for treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods

Randomized controlled trials evaluating MT in patients with KOA in major English and Chinese journals were searched in the following databases: Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP database), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases through June 2023. The methodological quality and quality of evidence of the included studies were assessed using Cochrane’s risk-of-bias 2 (ROB 2) tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Data analysis was performed using Stata version 15.0 software. After use of Galbraith plots to exclude studies that could lead to heterogeneity, random effects models were used to analyze the remaining data and test the consistency of the findings. We used meta-regression to assess the effect of treatment period, patient age, and sex ratio on outcomes. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to evaluate publication bias. Sensitivity analyses were used to determine the reliability of the results.

Results

A total of 25 studies, with 2376 participants, were included in this review. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was limited. Our findings suggest that MT has a positive impact on pain relief outcomes in KOA patients. The meta-analysis showed that MT was superior to usual care (SMD = 2.04, 95% CI 0.94, 3.14, I2 = 96.3%; low evidence quality) and exercise (SMD = 1.56, 95% CI 0.41, 2.71, I2 = 96.3%; low evidence quality) for reducing pain. In terms of improvement in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, MT treatment beyond 4 weeks (SMD = 1.56, 95% CI 0.41, 2.71, I2 = 96.3%) may be superior to treatments less than or equal to 4 weeks (SMD = 1.24, 95% CI 0.56, 1.95, I2 = 94.7%). No serious adverse events associated with MT were reported.

Conclusions

MT may be effective at reducing pain in patients with KOA and may be more effective after a 4-week treatment period. Compared with usual care and exercise therapy, MT may be superior at reducing KOA pain in the short term (9 weeks), but its long-term efficacy requires careful consideration of evidence-based outcomes. MT appears to be safe for KOA patients, though clinicians should inform patients of the potential risk of MT-related adverse events.
Acute hepatitis A complicated by encephalitis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ashour Reham , Ibrahim Rahma , Muhammed Ammar
Published: March 2024

Background

Hepatitis A is the most common cause of acute hepatitis around the globe, especially in developing countries. It often presents with signs and symptoms related to the gastrointestinal system. However, it rarely presents extrahepatic manifestations, which can be more common in adults than in children.

Case presentation

We report a unique case of hepatitis A presenting with encephalitis that was resolved conservatively. Before attributing the neurological features to hepatitis A, we had to rule out other etiologies with similar presentations.

Clinical discussion

Many viruses cause encephalitis, such as herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus and enteroviruses. A few cases of hepatitis A complicated by encephalitis have been reported in the literature. In our case, developing a tonic-clonic seizure with no past seizure history demanded more investigations to exclude other etiologies. Ultimately, clinical signs and laboratory investigations led us to consider hepatitis A as the main cause of the patient’s symptoms of encephalitis.

Conclusion

Hepatitis A virus may present with extrahepatic manifestations more than expected, so more studies and research should be done to increase physicians’ knowledge of these manifestations, make early diagnosis, and administer the effective treatment.
Dissemination of clinical and scientific practice through social media: a SIAARTI consensus-based document
Authors: Cortegiani Andrea , Battaglini Denise , Amato Giovanna , Behr Astrid Ursula , Donadello Katia , Einav Sharon , Frigo Maria Grazia , Fullin Giorgio , Giannini Alberto , Ippolito Mariachiara , Marozzi Franco , Monzani Roberta , Monti Gianpaola , Schultz Marcus J. , Torrano Vito , Villa Gianluca , Giarratano Antonino
Published: March 2024

Background

Dissemination of medical practice and scientific information through social media (SoMe) by clinicians and researchers is increasing. Broad exposure of information can promote connectivity within the scientific community, overcome barriers to access to sources, increase debate, and reveal layperson perspectives and preferences. On the other hand, practices lacking scientific evidence may also be promoted, laypeople may misunderstand the professional message, and clinician may suffer erosion of professional status. The aim of this project was to enhance awareness and advise the anesthesia community and clinicians at large about the potential risks advocate for responsible use of SoMe to disseminate information related to medical practices and knowledge.

Methods

A modified Delphi process with prespecified consensus criteria was conducted among a multidisciplinary panel of experts, including anesthesiologists-intensivists, clinical psychologists, and forensic medicine specialists. Six items were identified: Ethics and deontological principles, the practice of sharing information via social media, legal aspects, psychological aspects, self-promotion, and criteria for appropriate dissemination. Statements and rationales were produced and subjected to blinded panelists’ votes. After reaching consensus, a document was written which then underwent external review by experts uninvolved in the consensus process. The project was promoted by the Italian Society of Anesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI).

Results

Twelve statements were produced, and consensus was achieved for all. The panel concluded that the general principles guiding dissemination of professional information via SoMe must remain in line with the general principles of ethics, deontology, and scientific validity that guide the medical profession and science in general. Professional equity must be maintained while communicating via SoMe. Medical practices lacking support by scientific evidence should not be disseminated. Patients’ informed consent must be obtained before dissemination of information, images, or data. Self-promotion must not be prioritized over any of these principles.

Conclusions

When sharing medical practices and scientific information on SoMe, healthcare professionals are advised to act conscientiously and ethically. Local regulations should be adhered to. Institutional training on the potential risks and proper of SoMe for such purpose may contribute to preservation of professional integrity.
Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline Update
Authors: Gordan John D. , Kennedy Erin B. , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. , Beal Eliza , Finn Richard S. , Gade Terence P. , Goff Laura , Gupta Shilpi , Guy Jennifer , Hoang Hang T. , Iyer Renuka , Jaiyesimi Ishmael , Jhawer Minaxi , Karippot Asha , Kaseb Ahmed O. , Kelley R. Kate , Kortmansky Jeremy , Leaf Andrea , Remak William M. , Sohal Davendra P.S. , Taddei Tamar H. , Wilson Woods Andrea , Yarchoan Mark , Rose Michal G.
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE

To update an evidence-based guideline to assist in clinical decision-making for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODS

ASCO convened an Expert Panel to update the 2020 guideline on systemic therapy for HCC. The panel updated the systematic review to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through October 2023 and updated recommendations.

RESULTS

Ten new RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were added to the evidence base.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Atezolizumab + bevacizumab (atezo + bev) or durvalumab + tremelimumab (durva + treme) may be offered first-line for patients with advanced HCC, Child-Pugh class A liver disease, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1. Where there are contraindications to these therapies, sorafenib, lenvatinib, or durvalumab may be offered first-line. Following first-line treatment with atezo + bev, second-line therapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), ramucirumab (for patients with alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] ≥400 ng/mL), durva + treme, or nivolumab + ipilimumab (nivo + ipi) may be recommended for appropriate candidates. Following first-line therapy with durva + treme, second-line therapy with a TKI is recommended. Following first-line treatment with sorafenib or lenvatinib, second-line therapy options include cabozantinib, regorafenib for patients who previously tolerated sorafenib, ramucirumab (AFP ≥400 ng/mL), nivo + ipi, or durvalumab; atezo + bev or durva + treme may be considered for patients who did not have access to these therapies in the first-line setting, and do not have contraindications. Pembrolizumab or nivolumab are also options for appropriate patients following sorafenib or lenvatinib. Third-line therapy may be considered in Child-Pugh class A patients with good PS, using one of the agents listed previously that has a nonidentical mechanism of action with previously received therapy. A cautious approach to systemic therapy is recommended for patients with Child-Pugh class B advanced HCC. Further guidance on choosing between options is included within the guideline. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gastrointestinal-cancer-guidelines .
Learning to Overcome Barriers to Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Implementation: Lessons From the Field
Authors: Henderson Nicole L. , Basch Ethan M. , Rocque Gabrielle B.
Published: March 2024

#Implementation of #ePROs in real world settings, lessons learned
A Great Refusal
Authors: Cremin Ciara
Published: March 2024

Marcuse advocated for what he called a Great Refusal of the idea that there was no plausible alternative to capitalism. He rallied against what he called the performance principle, a passive submission to the logic of exchange, particularly in respect to alienated labor and consumption. This essay takes the idea of a great refusal and applies it to transgender people, and trans women in particular, who refuse to submit to the demands of society to conform in their identity and practices to the gender given at birth. There are manifold implications, both personal and collective, that this essay examines. Drawing on Marxist and psychoanalytic concepts, it describes how a generalized aversion and repudiation of femininity born of an androcentrism of the unconscious must be addressed and the institutions of today's reality principle radically recalibrated to favor the feminine.
“Waking to Dream”
Authors: Jesperson Jamey , Wesley Saylesh
Published: March 2024

In 2014, then doctoral student Saylesh Wesley published the now canonical TSQ article, “Twin-Spirited Woman: Sts'iyóye smestíyexw slhá:li,” gifting her story of “coming in” as a Stó:lō trans woman to all Two-Spirit people. Using similar “storywork” methods, the following oral history biography expands the written record of Saylesh's life before, during, and after her well-known narrative, as told by Saylesh to Jamey Jesperson, a trans historian who spent the summer of 2022 recording Saylesh's oral stories for the Stó:lō Library and Archives. Tracing Saylesh's multiplex life in seven parts, this biography provides a bird's-eye view of her birth, her complicated childhood and teen years, her early-twenties transition and foray into 1990s Vancouver nightlife, her infamous reception of the title Sts'iyóye smestíyexw slhá:li in 2012, and then her groundbreaking renaming ceremony four years later. The biography concludes with Saylesh's story today, as she is amid yet another grand transition: crystallizing into the Two-Spirit Elder she was always meant to be.
Cover Annotation
Authors: Sharron Kelly
Published: March 2024

The inaugural issue of TSQ featured a selfie of Chelsea Manning, marking the way that Chelsea Manning, and the attendant and related controversies of treason and trans identity, began a newly formed figure in the trans imaginary. This tenth anniversary issue returns Manning to the cover in a multitude of forms, courtesy of Heather Dewey-Hagborg's Probably Chelsea (2017). This annotation explores the themes of Probably Chelsea and the larger collaborative efforts between Dewey-Hagborg and Manning, including Radical Love: Chelsea Manning (2015).
Unsettling the Conversation on Trans Rights
Authors: Laidlaw Leon , Stirrett Natasha
Published: March 2024

This article argues that trans rights are trapped within settler frameworks of gender and rights, therefore making them incompatible with and in opposition to Indigenous lifeways. Starting with the premise that engagement with the settler state is not benign, the authors argue that trans rights-based organizing diverts and thwarts the potential for solidarity work with Indigenous struggles for freedom and is inherently limited in its potential to secure Indigenous futurity. The authors hope that trans studies and collective struggles organized around gender embrace anti-colonial and anti-racist praxis to result in tangible and discursive outcomes to bolster Indigenous cultural continuity and land-based connections. The authors use this article to call for a collective movement toward gender self-determination that is sensitive and reflexive of settler colonialism and produces tangible decolonial actions that will benefit the lives of Indigenous Two-Spirit, trans, and nonbinary people and align with movements for Indigenous self-determination. Queer and trans settlers are urged to begin a process of accountability and to engage a decolonial praxis to support Indigenous decolonization in all its forms—fighting for land claims, defending water and land rights, and supporting the resurgence of Indigenous erotics and gender formations. To be truly decolonial we suggest that trans political organizing moves beyond the settler framework of rights and toward Indigenous solidarity in politics, practices, and shared struggles, foregrounding anti-colonial, anti-racist, and pro-Indigenous values.
Analysis of human ABO Blood Group as a risk factor with knee osteoarthritis at tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Shazia Rahman , Atta Ur Rahman Aneela , Makhdoom Asadullah
Published: March 2024

Objective: To investigate the association and risk estimation of ABO blood group distribution and clinical attributes in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.

Method: This was a hospital-based study conducted at, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from December, 2019 to December, 2022 to investigate this least researched area of highly prevalent musculoskeletal disease in Pakistan. Non-Probability Convenience Sampling was used for selecting 190 cases of confirm Knee Osteoarthritis patients diagnosed by Orthopedic surgeon based on standard clinical and radiographic criteria. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 23.0. Percentages and frequencies were counted for categorical data. Pearson Chi Square test and fisher’s exact test were used to check the association and Multinomial Logistic Regression was used to estimate the risk for moderate and severe kellgren grading Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) cases with ABO blood grouping in comparison of mild Kellgren grading.

Results: A total of 190 cases of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) were included in the study. Females (61.6%) and patients with age 50 and above were 40.5 % were found in greater proportion. Majority (41.6%) were classified radiologically as mild cases with O group (39.5%) and positive Rh antigen (95.8%). Strong association (p = <0.01) was found between gender, age group and ABO blood group with KOA radiological Kellgren and Lawrence score.

Conclusion: There is strong relation in between radiological grading of knee osteoarthritis severity and A blood group, gender and age.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8865

How to cite this: Shaikh SR, Atta Ur Rahman A, Makhdoom A. Analysis of human ABO Blood Group as a risk factor with knee osteoarthritis at tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8865

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ιερά και λατρείες στην Κρήτη κατά τη ρωμαϊκή περίοδο μέσα από τα κείμενα και τα μνημεία
Authors: Πορτάλιος Ελευθέριος
Published: March 2024

Αυτή η εργασία αποτελεί την πρώτη συστηματική καταγραφή και μελέτη των δεδομένων για τις λατρείες της Κρήτης κατά τη ρωμαϊκή περίοδο. Τα χρονικά πλαίσια της έρευνας έχουν ως αφετηρία το έτος της ρωμαϊκής κατάκτησης, το 67 π.Χ., και ως έσχατο όριο τα τέλη του 4ου αιώνα μ.Χ., όταν επικράτησε ο Χριστιανισμός ως επίσημα αποκλειστική θρησκεία. Κομβικό σημείο της έρευνας αποτέλεσε ο καταστροφικός σεισμός του 365 μ.Χ., καθώς αναζητήθηκαν πιθανές αναθέσεις και ανακατασκευές οικοδομημάτων στα αρχαία ιερά κατά την τελευταία τριακονταετία του 4ου αιώνα μ.Χ. Παράλληλα, έχοντας συμπεριληφθεί στην έρευνα και ο 4ος αιώνας, εποχή ελεύθερης τέλεσης των λατρειών, θα παρουσιαστούν και τα δεδομένα σχετικά με άλλες λατρείες εκτός παραδοσιακού πλαισίου, όπως ο Ιουδαϊσμός και ο Χριστιανισμός. Η Κρήτη γνώρισε κατά τα ρωμαϊκά χρόνια μία δεύτερη περίοδο μέγιστης ακμής μετά τη μινωική εποχή, όπως μαρτυρούν τα ίδια τα κατάλοιπα των πόλεων. Οι μεγαλύτερες αλλαγές στην Κρήτη μετά τη ρωμαϊκή κατάκτηση και βασικές αιτίες της ακμής της ήταν η ενοποίηση των κρητικών πόλεων, η ένταξή τους σε ενιαία διοίκηση και η ενσωμάτωση της Κρήτης στο οικονομικό-εμπορικό δίκτυο της αυτοκρατορίας στη Μεσόγειο.Ωστόσο, η επίδραση των Ρωμαίων στα ζητήματα λατρείας δεν ήταν έντονη. Με βάση τα δεδομένα η κατάκτηση της Κρήτης από τη Ρώμη δεν φαίνεται ότι επέφερε κάποια ρήξη ή ριζική αλλαγή στο σύστημα λατρείας, αλλά αντίθετα οι Ρωμαίοι σεβάστηκαν τις παραδόσεις των πόλεων. Μπορεί να διαφανεί, όμως, η επίδραση του κατακτητή σε ορισμένες λατρευτικές πτυχές: καθιέρωση της αυτοκρατορικής λατρείας, εισαγωγή λατρείας νέων θεοτήτων, διάδοση του ιταλικού τύπου ναού πάνω σε podium, επίδραση της βιοτεχνικής παραγωγής στην αναθηματική πρακτική. Το λατρευτικό τοπίο στη ρωμαϊκή Κρήτη διαμορφώθηκε κατά βάση από τον σεβασμό και τη συνέχιση μίας ισχυρής παράδοσης αιώνων σε συνδυασμό με μία νέα πνοή των κατακτητών, των αποίκων και των επήλυδων. Αυτό το γεγονός αντικατοπτρίζεται στην προβολή, στη διάδοση και στην απήχηση θεοτήτων με συγκεκριμένη φυσιογνωμία και ιδιότητες. Όλες αυτές συνάδουν με το νέο πολιτικό-κοινωνικό πλαίσιο, με την ενοποιημένη ταυτότητα και εξωστρέφεια της Κρήτης, την αγροτοποιμενική φυσιογνωμία, το εμπόριο και γενικά την οικονομία, πτυχές στις οποίες δόθηκε έμφαση από τους Ρωμαίους για την περαιτέρω ανάπτυξη του νησιού. Αυτή η εργασία αποτελεί το τρίτο και τελευταίο μέρος ενός τριπτύχου για τα ιερά και τις λατρείες της Κρήτης μαζί με τις δύο εμβληματικές μελέτες της Mieke Prent το 2005 (Cretan Sanctuaries and Cults. Continuity and Change from Late Minoan IIIC to the Archaic Period. Leiden) και της Katja Sporn το 2002 (Heiligtümer und Kulte Kretas in klassischer und hellenistischer Zeit. Heidelberg), καλύπτοντας ένα διάστημα 1.600 χρόνων από τον 12ο αιώνα π.Χ. έως τον 4ο αιώνα μ.Χ.
Czy pełna harmonizacja przepisów prawa w odniesieniu do sztucznej inteligencji jest możliwa?
Authors: Augustyn-Skuza Paulina
Published: March 2024

Artykuł porusza zagadnienie pełnej harmonizacji przepisów prawa w zakresie sztucznej inteligencji. Potrzeba regulacji prawnych dla sztucznej inteligencji nie budzi wątpliwości, jednak pojawia się pytanie, na jakim szczeblu te regulacje powinny zostać wprowadzone. Stworzenie jednolitej praktyki prawnej w odniesieniu do sztucznej inteligencji wymaga współpracy pomiędzy rządami państw, twórcami technologii, ekspertami oraz prawnikami. Ta koordynacja jest kluczowa dla stworzenia skutecznych przepisów prawnych. Tekst jest skupiony wokół ram unijnych. Z uwagi na dynamiczny charakter sztucznej inteligencji i jej szybki rozwój regulacje prawne powinny być elastyczne oraz dostosowywane do zachodzących zmian.
Wpływ nieprawidłowej oceny egzaminu maturalnego na procedury rekrutacyjne na studia w Polsce
Authors: Kierznowski Łukasz
Published: March 2024

W obecnym stanie prawnym, już od prawie dwóch dekad, rekrutacja na studia I stopnia oraz jednolite magisterskie oparta jest na wynikach egzaminu maturalnego, które w zdecydowanej większości przypadków stanowią jedyne kryterium selekcji kandydatów. Jednakże harmonogram egzaminów maturalnych i procedur rekrutacyjnych na studia szybko zrodził problem postępowania z kandydatami, których wyniki (po ich oficjalnym ogłoszeniu wszystkim zdającym) są ustalane na nowo z powodu błędów popełnionych przez egzaminatora, odkrywanych wiele tygodni po rozdaniu świadectw. Fakt, iż zmiana taka następuje najczęściej już po zakończeniu rekrutacji, może wywoływać skutki nie tylko dla zdającego, którego praca została błędnie oceniona, ale potencjalnie także dla innych kandydatów, którzy brali udział w tej samej rekrutacji. W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie wpływu nieprawidłowej oceny egzaminu maturalnego na sytuację prawną maturzysty w kontekście rekrutacji na wybrany kierunek studiów.
Cyber Insurance and Post-Breach Services: A Normative Analysis
Authors: Hui Wendy , Hui Kai-Lung , Yue Wei T.
Published: March 2024

Cyber insurance is becoming an essential tool for managing cybersecurity risks. In this study, we analyze how having the option to subscribe to cyber insurance services affects firms’ risk prevention and mitigation decisions. We model the scenario where the firm purchases cyber insurance in a competitive insurance market and compare it against the case when it does not purchase cyber insurance. When there is a breach, cyber insurance can help cover mitigation expenses and breach losses. Consistent with the prior literature, we find that in most cases cyber insurance exacerbates ex ante moral hazard by decreasing expected risk prevention. However, it enhances ex post efforts by increasing expected risk mitigation, which can lead to more positive outcomes for the insured firm. The mechanism involves designing the contract with a delicate calibration of the coverage of breach losses and the coinsurance rate. Moreover, the findings highlight the importance of a healthy risk mitigation service market in managing cybersecurity risks.

Funding: This research was supported in part by the Hong Kong SAR General Research Fund project [16502417].

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2021.0120 .
Inscrição poética e epitáfio: representação e aprofundamento metapoético a partir de Jorge de Sena e Ruy Belo
Authors: Fino Francisco Saraiva
Published: March 2024

“Every poem an epitaph”, o célebre verso de T.S. Eliot de “Little Gidding”, desvela-se num sentido proposi­cional interpelativo de dimensões que se foram instituindo enquanto objetos privilegiados de meditação por parte do autor de Four Quartets (1941), entre os quais o tempo, o sujeito e a palavra poética. Como forma poética e gênero em cujo objeto perpassa a temporalidade como valor, o epitáfio cedo se deslocou do âmbito referencial para reclamar com a elegia (mas também com a sátira) a memória poeticamente condensada do ser em desafio com o tempo. Entre o epitáfio e a morte, há a considerar a tensão e resistência do discurso ao apagamento do sujeito no tempo, tópico que a modernidade releu e multiangularizou esteticamente em ex­periências criativas, como a fragmentação, a heteronímia ou a impersonalização. Nestas, o discurso poético frequentemente se autorreflete na sua condição instável, vivida entre a experiência do sujeito e a irredutibili­dade a essa mesma experiência. Como sobre-vivência, o sujeito participa desta instabilização em posições que, em alguma poesia contemporânea, a par de releituras mais comuns do epitáfio como homenagem ou in memoriam, se apresentam como experiências pertinentes no âmbito da (auto)representação, a que por vezes se coadunam reflexões de estatuto metapoético. Este artigo propõe dar conta destas condições e experiên­cias através da reflexão sobre alguns poemas-epitáfios de Jorge de Sena e Ruy Belo.
Práticas, percepções docentes e democratização do ensino de francês: glotopolítica(s) para o reconhecimento do aluno periférico
Authors: De Souza Gilberto Ferreira
Published: March 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar nossa pesquisa de doutorado em andamento, que propõe voltar-se às práticas e às percepções docentes com vistas a reconhecer e a valorizar o público considerado periférico, com o desafio de reinventar o ensino de francês em escolas públicas. Logo, visto que as línguas estrangeiras, sobretudo o francês, têm sido implementadas e estudadas em contextos socialmente elitizados, uma per­gunta nos interessa: quais seriam as estratégias de ensino de língua estrangeira em contexto popular? Ob­jetivamos, também, investigar perspectivas mais democratizantes para o ensino da língua francesa em duas escolas municipais: a Escola Municipal Anísio Teixeira, em Niterói, e a Escola Municipal Nice Mendonça de Souza e Silva, em São Gonçalo. Logo, a fim de discutir os letramentos e percepções docentes de adaptação do ensino de francês, para reconhecer e valorizar esse público, bem como refletir sobre a implantação dos projetos aqui analisados, compartilharemos as concepções em Política Linguística (CALVET, 1997), Glotopo­lítica (GUESPIN, MARCELLESI, 1986), assim como os conceitos de Transperiferia (WINDLE et al., 2020), e os novos estudos de Letramento (MATTOS, VALÉRIO, 2010; SOUZA, 2011). Os resultados parciais nos indicam a relevância desses projetos para o fomento às práticas de reconhecimento do aluno periférico, para a re­formulação e a democratização do ensino de francês nas escolas públicas, e para a valorização do ensino plurilíngue nessas instituições.
Sociolinguística de Contato e Política Linguística: propostas de interseções teórico-metodológicas
Authors: Savedra Monica Guimarães , De Almeida Silva Pereira Telma Cristina
Published: March 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de discussões e reflexões a respeito das interseções teórico-metodológicas entre a Sociolinguística de Contato e Política Linguística. Para alcançar esse objetivo, o texto mostra a trajetória de ambos os estudos realizados no Brasil a partir da década de 1990, bem como estudos prévios realizados em outros países. Dentre os marcos citados no curso dessas pesqui­sas, serão mencionadas as escolhas terminológicas realizadas, alguns dos principais eventos acadêmicos da área, a criação de grupos de trabalho, além de comentar a importância e repercussão que tais empreendi­mentos tiveram no Brasil, tanto no âmbito científico como no político. Tal repercussão será ilustrada através da seleção de alguns artigos, dissertações e teses escritos pelos pesquisadores do Laboratório de Pesquisa em Contato Linguístico (LABPEC), que ricamente trataram de objetos dentro da temática da Sociolinguística de Contato e Política Linguística. A ênfase no reconhecimento do Brasil como país multi- e plurilíngue, o combate ao preconceito linguístico em todos os níveis, a cooficialização de línguas em municípios brasileiros, a observação e estudo de línguas minorizadas (como as indígenas e de imigrantes) estiveram presentes nos trabalhos citados aqui.
Sustentabilidade no ensino de línguas estrangeiras: uma abordagem atual e necessária
Authors: Voerkel Paul
Published: March 2024

O conceito de Sustentabilidade tem evoluído constantemente e novas abordagens de ensino vêm sendo associadas a ele, tornando a discussão sobre sua importância para a sociedade e para a educação neces­sária e pertinente para a atualidade. O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar como a Sustentabilidade pode ser integrada como um objeto de conhecimento potente na sala de aula de língua estrangeira, gerando novos caminhos para o ensino além da gramática e da aquisição de vocabulário. Para isso, explica-se a ori­gem do termo Sustentabilidade e seu percurso até chegar no conceito que se conhece nos dias de hoje. Em seguida, por meio de dois exemplos, demonstra-se como a Sustentabilidade pode ser integrada em cursos de formação inicial e continuada de professores de alemão como língua estrangeira. Observa-se que um dos maiores desafios está no desenvolvimento de competências para uma educação com vistas ao desenvolvi­mento sustentável. Com base em pressupostos teóricos e exemplos práticos, enfatizam-se as oportunidades do ensino de línguas estrangeiras sob uma nova perspectiva, tornando a aprendizagem mais significativa e contextualizada.
Controle sociometabólico do capital e seletividade penal: refrações na crise sanitária da Covid-19
Authors: Peres da Costa Ricardo , De Souza Guedes Olegna
Published: March 2024

Este artigo é parte de um dos capítulos de pesquisa da tese de doutorado e foi construído por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Elegeu-se como objeto, para o artigo, a relação entre o controle sociometabólico do capital e a seletividade penal. Objetiva-se evidenciar e apresentar algumas reflexões sobre o Estado penal e seus efeitos na materialização e ampliação da privação de liberdade. Dentre os resultados dessas reflexões, destaca-se a apresentação de fatores conjunturais e estratégias políticas de controle sociometabólico do capital que se sustentam no Estado penal. São apresentados, também, alguns elementos da crise sanitária da Covid-19 e suas expressões nas precárias condições das prisões e que são parte da dinâmica ideológica do capital.
Are you being watched?
Authors: Cummins Mike
Published: March 2024

Staff monitoring should be undertaken with care and knowledge of the issues. Mike Cummins discusses monitoring with reference to recommendations, data protection laws and human rights
Construção e Aplicação de um Jogo de Tabuleiro sobre a Temática do Consumo de Energia Elétrica Residencial no Contexto da Sala de Aula de Física.
Authors: Esteves Moura Felipe , Nery Ribeiro Tiago , Campos Laélia
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho apresenta um produto educacional desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física que teve como finalidade estimular o interesse do aluno no ensino de Física, através do lúdico. Para tanto, foi construído e aplicado um jogo de tabuleiro acerca da temática do consumo de energia elétrica residencial. A escolha do tema está relacionada à dificuldade do aluno em associar o que é exposto em aula tradicional com o seu cotidiano. Para isso, o trabalho teve como objetivo construir e aplicar o jogo de tabuleiro como produto educacional para auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Física, norteada a partir da temática do consumo de energia elétrica residencial no contexto de sala de aula. Desta maneira, o jogo foi elaborado a partir de perguntas e respostas que foram aplicadas em uma turma da 3ª Série do Ensino Médio. A metodologia desta pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, de caráter exploratório do tipo estudo de caso. Constatou-se que a atividade interativa proporcionou debates e discussões relacionados à temática do jogo, fazendo com que houvesse participação ativa dos alunos e consequentemente indícios de uma aprendizagem efetiva. A aplicação do produto também apontou o jogo de tabuleiro como uma alternativa para o ensino da Física, na medida em que aproximou teoria e prática, aumentando a assimilação do conhecimento pela interação proporcionada pelo jogo.
A “VIRALIZAÇÃO” DA VASSOURA EM PÉ NAS REDES SOCIAIS: UMA ALTERNATIVA PARA O ENSINO DE EQUILÍBRIO ESTÁTICO E GRAVITAÇÃO
Authors: Moreira Lima Carlos Henrique , Furtado Neto Job Saraiva , Cruz da Silva Sabrita
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho descreve como as informações “viralizadas” nas redes sociais podem ser uma oportunidade de aplicação de um ensino investigativo em sala de aula. Relatamos como a viralização da vassoura em pé ofereceu informações erradas sobre o fenômeno para a população e através desta informação os docentes podem motivar o aluno a saber a verdade científica, ultilizando conceitos físicos e com isso favorendo a autonomia do aluno favorencendo uma aprendizagem.
A critical analysis of how sexual violence against women is defined and addressed within existing legal instruments in Bangladesh
Authors: Banarjee Subrata
Published: March 2024

Violence against Women (VAW) is considered a gender-specific human rights violation and is a form of discrimination that perpetuates women’s subordination and patriarchal structures throughout all levels of society. Research continues to demonstrate that the legal instruments dealing with sexual offences in Bangladesh have significant limitations and fail to meet international standards. This article identifies gaps between Bangladeshi domestic legal instruments and international legal instruments. In order to uncover and analyse the gaps, I employed thematic analysis techniques and a feminist legal theoretical lens. The findings of the study show that there are significant gaps and limitations regarding the conceptualisation of sexual violence, trial process, medical tests, variability of punishment, and protecting rights of victims in the present Bangladeshi legal instruments in comparison to the international instruments. This research provides insight into the alarming situation of sexual violence against women in Bangladesh and the problematic gaps within legal instruments in that nation, which governmental and academic authorities must consider if they are to be effective in preventing violence against women in Bangladesh.
The Republic of Korea: Human Rights, Residual Wrongs, New Initiatives
Authors: Steinberg David I.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This paper traces the profound changes that have taken place in human rights, in itself an evolving concept, in Korea since the political liberalization of 1987. It concludes that human rights issues between the U.S. and the Republic of Korea should be concentrated on demonstrating and articulating to each other, and to the external world actors, this dynamic process of positive change in which internal and external forces and dialogue, working together and even under considerable strain, produced positive changes. It proposes some mechanisms for collaboration in the Asian region with Korea playing a leading role. It traces the evolution of the process of the development of human rights in Korea, and notes the continuing problems that exist even in this period of liberalization.
The Likelihood of Major War in East Asia and the Transition on the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Hwang Young-Bae , Kugler Jacek
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This paper applies deductions from the power parity perspective to anticipate the likelihood of major conflict in East Asia. Our findings are surprising. The preconditions for major conflict exist only for the China-U.S. and the Japan-Russia dyads. The structural conditions for serious confrontations between Russia and China, Japan and China, Japan and the U.S. do not exist. Also absent are the preconditions for major conflict with a potentially politically coherent European Union. At a sub-regional level, the prospects for a major conflict on the Korean peninsula show that accommodation is more likely. Peace on the Korean Peninsula can be preserved only by a preponderance of power, not by a balance of power. Strategies that could delay or avoid conflict among the potentially conflictual dyads are explored.
Defense Spending and Export in South Korea: A Causal Analysis
Authors: Heo Uk
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The economic effects of defense spending on growth in South Korea is not clear cut. Previous studies have reported mixed findings. Since export has been the main engine of South Korean economic development, I have systematically examined the indirect relationship between defense spending and economic growth via export, employing a Box-Jenkins ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) causal model. The results of the analysis reveal that an increase in defense expenditures has an immediate dampening effect on export. Thus, reductions in defense spending may lead to an increase in export, which in turn stimulates economic growth. In other words, South Korea may expect some “peace dividend.”
China: Can the Awakening Giant Feed a Wealthier Population?
Authors: Xu Xiang , Wang Kai
Published: March 2024

Abstract: China’s successful economic reforms have drawn attention to the question whether or not it can “feed itself.” To assess that question, this article examines trends in population growth, per capita income, diet pattern, and a variety of agricultural factors (such as arable land, grain area, and fertilizer input). Evidence and conclusions are presented that offer a picture of China’s food prospects different from those of the pessimists and optimists. The article finds that China can basically strike a balance between grain demand and supply in 2030, and thus feed itself, by fully utilizing the comparative advantage within China’s borders and importing a small amount of grain from the international market.
Beyond Economics: Growth Triangles in Southeast Asia
Authors: Bridges Brian
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Growth triangles, a form of transnational production bloc in which labor, technology, and capital can move freely, have been developing across the Asia-Pacific region. Cases taken from Southeast Asia—the South China Economic Zone, the Sijori Triangle, and the new wave of zones in maritime and mainland Southeast Asia—are examined to show that these phenomena cannot be seen in economic terms alone. There are significant political and social implications deriving from their emergence, and their future development will be affected by domestic politics within and the broader state of relations between the participating countries. The article also explores the question of whether growth triangles have been driven mainly by business or government initiative.
Malaysia’s Conceptions of Security: Self-Resilience, Sovereignty and Regional Dynamics
Authors: Ho Khai Leong
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The Malaysian conceptions of security are influenced by the country’s political and social variables. Its conceptions of security have been dominated by political and policy elite who were mostly of the dominant United Malays National Organization (UMNO). The historical development and social configuration of the country have made Malay-dominance an inescapable theme in political life. While economic development and growth in the last decade, coupled with more liberal policies embodied in Prime Minister Mahathir’s Vision 2020, have replaced the once all-prevailing focus of ethnic conflicts, the latter nevertheless has great influence over the ways competing groups view security matters. In general, Malaysia’s conception of security combines the uniqueness of the country’s physical configurations, its historical and colonial experiences, the ethnic and cultural make-up of its population, and its pragmatic policies dealing with contemporary changes in the regional and international environments. No doubt military and political security has been a constant concern and rightly so, but the interests of Malaysia cannot be defined exclusively in terms of military and political security. The contributions by the Malaysian political elite are their holistic, expansive and comprehensive views of what constitute contemporary security concerns. From the standpoint of Malaysian leaders, it is the preoccupation with and ultimately the reconstruction of self-resilience and regional economic linkages that will, for a long time to come, continue to direct the country’s attitude towards security.
Asia’s Environmental Crisis: Innovation, Sustainable Development, and the Future of APEC
Authors: Merson John
Published: March 2024

Abstract: While a great deal of attention has been given to the financial crisis now confronting Asian economies, this narrow focus has tended to eclipse a looming resource and environmental crisis, to the extent that the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has provided an uncharacteristic warning to this effect in a recent publication. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has also recognized the seriousness of these issues, and through its working groups has begun addressing regional environmental and resource questions. But can APEC make a real difference? One of the basic contentions of this article is that for APEC to fulfill its regional potential, especially in the light of the recent Asian recession, it has to take on a broader charter. It has been argued that this should include regional security. However, any consideration of regional and national security must also take into account human security, which means placing short-term growth objectives in the context of the longer term resource and environmental issues facing communities across the region. The article will review some of the longer-term environmental and resource issues facing the region and will discuss some potential mechanisms for addressing them within the APEC framework.
Agreement, Guidance and Preferences: The U.S.-Japan Semiconductor Dispute Revisited
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidetaka
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The U.S.-Japan Semiconductor Arrangement is one of the most important trade accords concluded between the two countries and is regarded as both a positive and negative model of trade negotiations. Given that one facet of the positive view is that the arrangement attained the target for market share and successfully expanded access in Japan, we need to carefully examine why the agreement could achieve the target. This study argues that although the Semiconductor Arrangement provided serious incentives to encourage the Japanese government and electronics firms to promote market access for foreign semiconductors, this was not the absolute condition. The market expansion was achieved as a mixed result of the arrangement with evolved corporate preferences and the Japanese government’s guidance.
Russia’s Foreign Policy in Transition: Prospects and Challenges in the Asia Pacific Region
Authors: Davydov Oleg V.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The paper is art attempt to trace the changes in Russia’s foreign policy after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The aim is to obtain an idea of the difficulties which Russia is now facing and to examine the opportunities and limitations of the country’s international strategy. No matter how complicated the situation is in Russia today, it will remain a world power with a voice and major stakes in global and regional affairs. Russia’s active participation in international affairs meets not only its national interests but also the interests of the world community, taking into consideration Russia’s position as a pillar, supporting the global equilibrium. The paper argues that Russia has yet to find a unique place in the international arena as Euroasian power serving as a bridge between East and West. In this context special attention is given to Russia’s policy in the Asia Pacific Region and toward the Korean peninsula.
Delayed Decentralization and Incomplete Consolidation of Democracy: The Case of Korean Local Autonomy
Authors: Seong Kyoung-Ryung
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This paper explores the processes and problems of decentralization in Korea since 1987, when democratic transition began. It also examines the basic institutional structures of Korean local autonomy, the dynamics of political processes at the local level, and diverse inter-governmental conflicts. In this paper, I argue that the current system of Korean local autonomy is inherently contradictory and restrictive because centralism continues to prevail over democracy especially at the local level. It is peculiar in that the chiefs of local government are popularly elected, whereas most important authorities and resources are controlled by the central government. Therefore, it is inevitable that tensions and conflicts arise between the central and local governments. In this sense, decentralization has been delayed since the democratic opening in 1987; democratic consolidation is thus incomplete in Korea. In order to avoid such a troublesome situation and to be faithful to the spirit of democracy, I suggest that a drastic decentralization along the line of federalism is necessary.
Engaging with Rural Communities for Colorectal Cancer Screening Outreach Using Modified Boot Camp Translation
Authors: Coury Jennifer , Coronado Gloria D. , Myers Emily , Patzel Mary , Thompson Jamie , Whidden-Rivera Courtney , Davis Melinda M.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are disproportionately high among rural residents and Medicaid enrollees. Objectives: To address disparities, we used a modified community engagement approach, Boot Camp Translation (BCT). Research partners, an advisory board, and the rural community informed messaging about CRC outreach and a mailed fecal immunochemical test program. Methods: Eligible rural patients (English-speaking and ages 50–74) and clinic staff involved in patient outreach participated in a BCT conducted virtually over two months. We applied qualitative analysis to BCT transcripts and field notes. Results: Key themes included: the importance of directly communicating about the seriousness of cancer, leveraging close clinic-patient relationships, and communicating the test safety, ease, and low cost. Conclusions: Using a modified version of BCT delivered in a virtual format, we were able to successfully capture community input to adapt a CRC outreach program for use in rural settings. Program materials will be tested during a pragmatic trial to address rural CRC screening disparities.
Strategies for Recruiting Older Black Men into Aging and Alzheimer's Research
Authors: Esiaka Darlingtina K. , Wilson Glenn B. , Gluck Mark A.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Background: Despite their high risks for Alzheimer's disease, older Black men are minimally represented in Alzheimer's research and clinical trials. The absence of older Black men in Alzheimer's research limits our ability to characterize the changes associated with cognitive impairments in older Black men—a key health disparity concern. Methods: Drawing on lessons we learned from years of community-based participatory research in Newark, NJ, we highlight recruitment strategies developed alongside community partners to guide our enrollment and retention efforts for Black men. Results: We identified seven recruitment strategies: provide indirect health education through social programming, target older men through the younger men in their lives, go beyond Black churches, use older Black men as trained community ambassadors, enlist the women in Black men's lives, frame research participation as a legacy to leave their sons, and use past and current Black men participants as role models. Conclusions: These recruitment strategies help us address many barriers to recruiting older Black men. They can be easily implemented by researchers conducting aging and brain health research or interested in working with older Black men and under-represented populations.