bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
syn-1,2-Diaminobenzocyclobutenes from [2+2] cycloaddition of 2-imidazolones with arynes
Authors: Ur Rehman Shah Haseeb , Li Qi , Jones Christopher R.
Published: September 2024

Formal [2+2] cycloaddition between arynes and 2-imidazolones furnishes syn-1,2-diaminobenzocyclobutenes.
Magnesium-promoted nickel-catalysed chlorination of aryl halides and triflates under mild conditions
Authors: Zhang Tian-Yu , Bilal Muhammad , Wang Tian-Zhang , Zhang Chao-Peng , Liang Yu-Feng
Published: September 2024

Nickel-catalysed chlorination of aryl halides and triflates has been developed with magnesium chloride, which promoted the challenging reductive elimination from Ni(ii) intermediates.
A LiI doped MoS6 composite for room temperature all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Chang Mingyuan , Jia Junjie , Liu Gaozhan , Zhang Jianwen , Wang Na , Zhou Yangyang , Cui Ping , Wu Tao , Yao Xiayin
Published: September 2024

The 95MoS6·5LiI composite is employed as the active material in all-solid-state batteries, showing improved capacity and cycle life due to the increase in electrochemical reaction kinetics.
Oriented lateral growth of monolayer MoS2 mediated by highly-oriented MoO2 nanorods on sapphire
Authors: Wang Jie , Lan Feifei , Wang Zeyan , Wang Yingmin , Huang Baibiao , Wang Yujian
Published: September 2024

Directed epitaxial growth of oriented monolayer MoS2 films on c-plane sapphire substrates using pre-deposited highly oriented MoO2 nanorods as templates.
Influence of graphene on the electronic and magnetic properties of an iron(iii) porphyrin chloride complex
Authors: Song Young-Joon , Gallenkamp Charlotte , Lleopart Genís , Krewald Vera , Valentí Roser
Published: September 2024

An electronic and magnetic structure analysis of an iron(iii) porphyrin chloride complex in the absence and presence of a graphene layer was carried out by integrating molecular and periodic DFT approaches.
Reaction modelling of hydrogen evolution on nickel phosphide catalysts: density functional investigation
Authors: Sadan Syam , Svenum Ingeborg-Helene , Hanslin Sander Ø. , Akola Jaakko
Published: September 2024

Volmer–Tafel (left) and Volmer–Heyrovsky (right) reaction cycles of hydrogen evolution reaction on Ni3P2 and it's reconstructed surface.
Exploring the phase change and structure of carbon using a deep learning interatomic potential
Authors: Chen Kai , Yang Riyi , Wang Zhefeng , Zhao Wuyan , Xu Youmin , Sun Huaijun , Zhang Chao , Wang Songyou , Ho Kaiming , Wang Cai-Zhuang , Su Wan-Sheng
Published: September 2024

A machine learning potential for carbon, developed using deep neural networks, allows efficient phase transition studies in large-scale systems and is transferable for searching carbon cluster structures.
Intermediate bands and p-orbital tuning of the band structure of BiFeO3 for photovoltaic application
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhang Sa , Qiao Liang , Ma Li , Xiao Haiyan
Published: September 2024

Tuning intermediate bands and p orbital can significantly reduce the band gap and increase the optical absorption coefficient of BiFeO3, while BiFeO3−xNx compounds maintain good ferroelectricity.
Adsorption of rare bases on transition metal doped γ-graphyne nanosheets: a DFT study
Authors: Zeng Xia , Zhang Ruiying , Li Ruirui , Li Ruimei , Cui Hong , Zhao Caibin , Zhang Shengrui , Jin Lingxia
Published: September 2024

To enhance sensitivity, TM doping was employed. The findings show that TM-GY nanosheets can successfully detect each rare base. This could guide the development of new electrochemical biosensors.
Comparative assessment of the performance of density functionals and dispersion correction on different properties of dicationic ionic liquids – an ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) study
Authors: Ostadsharif Memar Zahra , Moosavi Majid
Published: September 2024

An ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) study on the effects of density functional and dispersion correction on different properties of DILs.
Particle number size distribution evaluation of Plantower PMS5003 low-cost PM sensors – a field experiment
Authors: Caseiro Alexandre , Schmitz Seán , von Schneidemesser Erika
Published: September 2024

In terms of particle number distribution, the agreement ratio between a low-cost sensor and a research-grade instrument spans several orders of magnitude. The particle number can be constrained as a function of the reported particle number.
Environmentally persistent free radicals readily form on TiO2 but not on ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Vejerano Eric P. , Ahn Jeonghyeon
Published: September 2024

Nanoparticles like TiO2 and ZnO can form harmful, stable pollutants called EPFRs. But TiO2 readily forms even at low temperatures. This finding suggests these pollutants can form in many environments.
Nanoscale zero-valent iron composites for uranium-contaminated water treatment and environmental remediation: a review
Authors: Zhu Yinshan , Chen Shusen , Li Ziming , Li Hao , Shaban Muhammad , Chen Changlun
Published: September 2024

With the development of nuclear power and the nuclear industry, some uranium-containing wastewater will inevitably be released into the environment, which poses a threat to human health and the environment.
From defence to damage: the impact of seawater passivation on microbially influenced corrosion in CuNi 70/30 alloy
Authors: Javed M. A. , Neil W. C. , Wade S. A.
Published: September 2024

Seawater passivation treatment used for copper–nickel pipelines in maritime industries is not recommended for environments prone to microbially influenced corrosion.
Immunostimulatory effects of Bacillus subtilis-fermented garlic (Aglio): an in-depth in vitro and in vivo analysis
Authors: Yu Hyeonjun , Tonog Genevieve , Moon Sung-Kwon , Lee Sanghyun , Jeong Hyeleen , Kim Hae Soung , Kim Kwang Bin , Suh Hyung Joo , Kim Hoon
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated the immunostimulatory potential of garlic fermented with Bacillus subtilis (Aglio) and identified the underlying mechanisms using in vitro and in vivo models.
A sequential flow process of CO2 capture and conversion using cost-effective porous organic polymers
Authors: Wu Zhongqi , Li Zhong , Hu Lei , Afewerki Samson , Strømme Maria , Zhang Qian-Feng , Xu Chao
Published: September 2024

A sequential flow process utilizing cost-effective porous organic materials to capture CO2 and directly convert it into fine chemicals has been achieved, which could improve the practical applicability of CO2 capture and utilization technologies.
Sustainable photocatalytic synthesis of 2-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-ones using lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals
Authors: Zhu Haibo , Zhong Ting , Yang Liu , Shen Yajing , Fan Qiangwen , Le Zhanggao , Xie Zongbo
Published: September 2024

Herein, lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals were used to activate O2 efficiently for the photocatalytic transformation of 4-hydroxycoumarins to 2-hydroxy-benzofuran-3(2H)-ones in moderate to good yields under an air atmosphere at room temperature.
Inertial co-focusing of heterogeneous particles in hybrid microfluidic channels with constantly variable cross-sections
Authors: Zhao Tianwei , Zeng Peng , Zhang Yuanting , Li Jinxia , Sun Hui , Gablech Imrich , Chang Honglong , Yuan Xichen , Neužil Pavel , Feng Jianguo
Published: September 2024

Inertial focusing chips based on hybrid microfluidic channels were presented for high-efficiency heterogeneous particle co-focusing, offering significant applications in microfluidic flow cytometry and single-cell analysis.
Revealing uranium tetrafluoride microrods
Authors: Jang Harry , Poineau Frederic
Published: September 2024

Uranium tetrafluoride microrods were prepared by chemical transformation from the reaction of UO2 microrods with HF(g).
Mannich reaction mediated derivatization of chromones and their biological evaluations as putative multipotent ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Jangid Kailash , Kumar Vinay , Devi Bharti , Arora Tania , Mishra Jayapriya , Kumar Vijay , Dwivedi Ashish Ranjan , Parkash Jyoti , Bhatti Jasvinder Singh , Kumar Vinod
Published: September 2024

Multipotent chromone derivatives exhibiting anti-alzheimer's activities.
Chirality governs the structure and activity changes of Photinus pyralis firefly luciferase induced by carbon quantum dots
Authors: Rad-Faraji Mehrnaz , Mousazadeh Marziyeh , Nikkhah Maryam , Moradi Sajad , Ansari Mohabbat , Cepe Klara , Hosseinkhani Saman , Rezaei Aram
Published: September 2024

Nanobiocatalysis is a novel area integrating various advantages of nanotechnology and enzymatic catalysis.
Fast estimation of intersystem crossing rate constants of radical pairs
Authors: Valiev Rashid R. , Nasibullin Rinat T. , Juttula Severi , Kurten Theo
Published: September 2024

The spin–flip or intersystem crossing (ISC) process plays a main role in photophysics and photochemistry.
Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TTFP) as a flame-retardant co-solvent to improve the safety and electrochemical performances of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Huang Caixia , Li Lucheng , Yang Peng , Chen Jun
Published: September 2024

The incorporation of TTFP not only improves the flame retardancy of the electrolyte, but also does not affect the electrochemical stability of the battery, resulting in the formation of a superior B- and F-CEI layer.
Theoretical exploration of the 4π-photocyclization mechanism of α-tropone derivatives
Authors: Guerra Cristian , Rodríguez-Núñez Yeray A. , Taborda-Martínez Manuel E. , Bacho Mitchell , Miranda-Pastrana Rafael , E. Ensuncho Adolfo
Published: September 2024

We used ab initio methods to study the 4π-photocyclization of α-tropones. Acid catalysts and electron-donating groups lower energy barriers, promoting the formation of bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-dien-2-one derivatives via T1/S0 and S1/S0 crossings.
Solid-state electrochemical oxidation with polyelectrolyte membrane stamps for micro-/nanoscale pattern formation on Au surfaces
Authors: Fujii Tatsuya , Tsuji Atsuki , Takizawa Masaru , Murata Junji
Published: September 2024

Solid-state electrochemical treatment using a polyelectrolyte membrane stamp forms nanoscale patterns on Au surface. The environmentally friendly process offers a significant advantage for the fabrication of optical devices.
Dual-mode detection for the total antioxidant capability of skincare products based on porous CuS@CdS@Au nanoshells
Authors: Yang Weimin , Ding Qi , Xing Xinhe , Wang Fang , Lin Hengwei , Li Si
Published: September 2024

In this work, porous CuS@CdS@Au nanoshells were created with outstanding photoconversion ability, which enabled the construction of a dual-mode detection strategy for quantifying the TAC in skincare products without complex pretreatments.
Mechanistic insights into copper-mediated benzylic C(sp3)–H bond trifluoromethylation
Authors: Chen Xiahe , Liu Hang , Ding Debo , Li Huiling , She Yuanbin , Yang Yun-Fang
Published: September 2024

The trifluoromethylation of primary and secondary benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds by CuII species proceeds via a radical recombination/reductive elimination pathway, while tertiary benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds prefer the single-electron transfer (SET) pathway.
Polymers with quadruple hydrogen-bonding end groups: controlling molecular weight using a small molecule photoswitch
Authors: Hilton Eleanor M. , Jhons Yasmeen , Warren Nicholas J. , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: September 2024

A photoswitch capable of quadruple hydrogen-bonding interactions is used to effect reversible reconfiguration of polymer molecular weight of PMA bearing a complementary hydrogen-bonding motif upon cis–trans photoswitching.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of novel triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine derivatives as dual c-Met/Pim-1 potential inhibitors with antitumor activity
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed E. , Ahmed Eman M. , Ragab Hamdy M. , Eltelbany Rania Farag A. , Hassan Rasha A.
Published: September 2024

New series of triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine derivatives were created. Compounds 4a and 4g demonstrated extensive antiproliferative activity on various cell lines. Compound 4g displayed higher dual inhibition on c-Met and Pim-1.
An insight into advances and challenges in the development of potential stearoyl Co-A desaturase 1 inhibitors
Authors: Kirad Shivani , Puri Sonakshi , Deepa P. R. , Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
Published: September 2024

SCD1 inhibitors block the conversion of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids, reducing lipid accumulation, desaturation index, fat mass, and lipotoxicity. They are promising for treating various metabolic disorders.
Single-molecule detection of a terrylenediimide-based near-infrared emitter
Authors: Sujilkumar Suvarna , Maret Philip Daniel , Vinod Kavya , John Athira T. , Hariharan Mahesh
Published: September 2024

Design and single-molecule level scrutiny of a novel NIR absorbing and emitting terrylenediimide-based chromophore, TDI-TPA4, is reported. The energy gap law and dielectric dependence of TDI-TPA4 are validated at single-molecule and ensemble domains.
An alternating copolymer of phenothiazine and ethylenedioxythiophene for perovskite solar cells: effects of flexible and rigid substituent alternation
Authors: Zhang Bing , Cai Yaohang , He Lifei , Xu Niansheng , Yuan Yi , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yuyan , Wang Peng
Published: September 2024

Alternation of flexible and rigid substituents improved the hole mobility and morphology of composite films in copolymers of phenothiazine and ethylenedioxythiophene, boosting the performance of perovskite solar cells.
Probing substrate binding inside a paramagnetic cavity: a NMR spectroscopy toolbox for combined experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Sarkar Sabyasachi , Wu Chang-Quan , Manna Santanu , Samanta Deepannita , Chen Peter P.-Y. , Rath Sankar Prasad
Published: September 2024

A covalently linked Fe(iii)porphyrin dimer-based paramagnetic sensory cavity is designed for an accurate detection and simultaneous identification of substrate binding inside or outside the paramagnetic cavity.
Fractional precipitation of Ni and Co double salts from lithium-ion battery leachates
Authors: Klaehn John R. , Shi Meng , Diaz Luis A. , Molina Daniel E. , Repukaiti Reyixiati , Sani Fazlollah Madani , Lencka Margaret , Anderko Andre , Arulsamy Navamoney , Lister Tedd E.
Published: September 2024

The isolation of Ni/Co double salts can be recovered by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The elemental analysis of these isolated double salts shows a total metal composition of >99% of Ni, Co, and Mn with negligible impurity metals.
The switchable bulk photovoltaic effect in 2D room temperature ferroelectric CuInP2S6
Authors: Liao Chengwei , Wang Minglong , Zhao Yu-Jun
Published: September 2024

The direction of the photocurrent in the 2D room temperature ferroelectric material CuInP2S6 can be switched by the polarization direction.
Modulation of intermolecular interactions in the active layer enables highly efficient organic solar cells via introducing solid additives
Authors: Mei Zhe , Li Rong , Li Kun , Wu Yishi , Chen Yu , Geng Hua , Liao Qing , An Cunbin , Fu Hongbing
Published: September 2024

Modulation of active layer interactions based on the asymmetric additive 1-bromo-4-iodobenzene to achieve 18.91% power conversion efficiency.
A near-infrared superoxide generator based on a biocompatible indene-bearing heptamethine cyanine dye
Authors: Bel’ko Nikita , Mal’tanova Anna , Bahdanava Anastasiya , Lugovski Anatol , Fatykhava Sviatlana , Shabunya Polina , Smaliakou Adam , Poznyak Sergey , Kulahava Tatsiana , Samtsov Michael
Published: September 2024

A heptamethine cyanine dye with an indene moiety and 4-meso-chloride generates superoxide inside cells upon near-infrared photoactivation, inducing cell death.
Correction: Enhanced charge transport from Pd-doping in CsPbBr3 quantum dots for efficient photoelectrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Gong Wenxiao , Li Yulan , Yang Yang , Guo Heng , Niu Xiaobin
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Enhanced charge transport from Pd-doping in CsPbBr3 quantum dots for efficient photoelectrocatalytic water splitting’ by Wenxiao Gong et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 6963–6970, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TC00115F.
High-energy insights from an escaping coronal mass ejection with Solar Orbiter/STIX observations
Authors: Hayes L. A. , Krucker S. , Collier H. , Ryan D.
Published: September 2024

Context. Solar eruptive events, including solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are typically characterised by energetically significant X-ray emissions from flare-accelerated electrons and hot thermal plasmas. However, the intense brightness of solar flares often overshadows high-coronal X-ray emissions from the associated eruptions due to the limited dynamic range of current instrumentation. Occulted events, where the main flare is blocked by the solar limb, provide an opportunity to observe and analyse the X-ray emissions specifically associated with CMEs.

Aims. This study investigates the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions associated with a large filament eruption and CME that occurred on February 15, 2022. This event was highly occulted from the three vantage points of Solar Orbiter (∼45° behind the limb), Solar–TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO-A), and Earth.

Methods. We utilised X-ray observations from the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) and EUV observations from the Full Sun Imager (FSI) of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board Solar Orbiter, supplemented by multi-viewpoint observations from STEREO-A/Extreme-UltraViolet Imager (EUVI). This enabled a comprehensive analysis of the X-ray emissions in relation to the filament structure observed in the EUV. We used STIX’s imaging and spectroscopy capabilities to characterise the X-ray source associated with the eruption.

Results. Our analysis reveals that the X-ray emissions associated with the occulted eruption originate from an altitude exceeding 0.3 R⊙ above the main flare site. The X-ray time profile shows a sharp increase and exponential decay, and consists of both a hot thermal component at 17 ± 2 MK and non-thermal emissions (> 11.4 ± 0.2 keV) characterised by an electron spectral index of 3.9 ± 0.2. Imaging analysis shows an extended X-ray source that coincides with the EUV emission as observed from EUI, and was imaged until the source grew to a size exceeding the STIX imaging limit (180″).

Conclusions. Filament eruptions and associated CMEs have hot and non-thermal components, and the associated X-ray emissions are energetically significant. Our findings demonstrate that STIX combined with EUI provides a unique and powerful tool for examining the energetic properties of the CME component of solar energetic eruptions. Multi-viewpoint and multi-instrument observations are crucial for revealing such energetically significant sources in solar eruptions that might otherwise remain obscured.
Response of castor (Ricinus communis L.) to organic fertilizer application and sowing date in the humid tropics
Authors: Kasali M.A. , Olowe V.I.O. , Sakariyawo O.S. , Odueme P.U.
Published: September 2024

There is limited information on the appropriate agronomic practices for castor in the humid tropics. This study evaluated the effects of organic fertilizer (OF) and sowing date (SD) on the agronomic performance of castor during late cropping season (June − Dec.) of 2021 and 2022 at the Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Two factors: OF − control and organic fertilizer (main plot) and SD − eight sowing dates (SD1-SD8 i.e., from June 18 to August 5) at 7-day intervals (sub plot) were laid in a split-plot arrangement fitted into Randomized Complete Block Design in three replicates. Data were collected on agronomic traits of castor. Organic fertilizer significantly (P < 0.05) expedited days to flowering and increased height to primary raceme in 2021. SD had significant (P < 0.05) effect on days of flowering, seed yield, and yield attributes of castor. Castor sown at SD1 and SD2 in 2022 produced high seed yield of 773.7 and 799.1 kg/ha higher by 498.8% and 503.0% than SD8 yield of 129.2 kg/ha. It is concluded that for optimum castor seed production, sowing should be done from June 18 to latest July 2 with or without organic fertilizer in the humid tropics.
Bildungsreise für die Seele: gemeinsam Ressourcen und Stärken finden
Authors: Ladwig Melina , Baltzke Julian
Published: September 2024

Die aktuelle psychiatrische Versorgungslandschaft ist vielschichtig. Daher ist oft eine interdisziplinäre, offene und inklusive Herangehensweise erforderlich, um Patient*innen auf ihrer individuellen Genesungsreise zu begleiten. Damit das gelingt, wurde am Uniklinikum Freiburg ein Konzept für eine diagnoseunabhängige Psychoedukation erstellt, der Schwerpunkt lag dabei auf dem Krankheitsmanagement. Wir stellen die einzelnen Etappen vor.
Social Determinants of Preterm Birth amongst Non-Hispanic Black Individuals
Authors: Fru Diane N. , Kelly Elizabeth , Orischak Matthew , DeFranco Emily A.
Published: September 2024

Objective Non-Hispanic Black individuals are disproportionately affected by preterm birth (PTB), a major driver of the racial disparity in infant mortality in the United States. The objective of this study is to identify indicators of social determinants of health (SDoH) that contribute to preterm
birth amongst non-Hispanic Black individuals.

Study Design Population-based retrospective case–control study of U.S. birth records (2012–2016). Factors potentially associated with PTB and considered indicators of SDoH were compared between singleton live births of non-Hispanic Black individuals delivering preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) and term (≥37 weeks of gestation). Logistic regression quantified the association between SDoH and PTB such as insurance, education, and prenatal care visits and reported as odds ratios (ORs; 95% confidence interval, CI).

Results Of 2,763,235 live births to Black individuals, 340,480 (12%) occurred <37 weeks of gestation. Factors most strongly associated with PTB (p < 0.001), presented as OR (95% CI), included no prenatal care 3.0 (95% CI: 2.9–3.1) or insufficient prenatal care 2.7 (95% CI: 2.7–2.8), smoking during pregnancy 1.4 (95% CI: 1.43–1.47), unmarried 1.18 (95% CI: 1.17–1.19), lack of high school diploma 1.1 (95% CI: 1.12–1.40), lack of father of baby listed on birth certificate 1.22 (1.21–1.23), and Black paternal race 1.10 (1.08–1.12). Receipt of WIC (women, infants, and children) during the pregnancy had a protective effect on PTB risk in Black individuals, OR 0.83 (0.83–0.84).

Conclusion Pregnancies in Black individuals who are ≥35 years old, smoke tobacco, utilize Medicaid insurance, have less than a high school education, are unmarried, have little to no prenatal care, Black paternal race, and lack of father of baby listed on birth record had increased risk of PTB. Understanding the lived experience of Black pregnant people and these selected indicators of SDoH that contribute to the risk of PTB may inform development of interventions to address the racial disparity in PTB in the United States.

Key Points
Risks Associated with Prolonged Latent Phase of Labor
Authors: Burd Julia , Woolfolk Candice , Dombrowski Michael , Carter Ebony B. , Kelly Jeannie C. , Frolova Antonina , Odibo Anthony , Cahill Alison G. , Raghuraman Nandini
Published: September 2024

Objective We sought to assess the impact of a prolonged latent phase (PLP) on maternal and neonatal morbidity.

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study conducted 2010 to 2015 that included all term gravidas who reached active labor (6 cm). Primary outcomes were composite maternal morbidity (maternal fever, postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion, endometritis, and severe perineal lacerations) and composite neonatal morbidity (respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, birth injury, seizures, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, therapeutic hypothermia, or umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.1). Outcomes were compared between patients with and without PLP, defined as ≥90th percentile of labor duration between admission and active phase. Results were stratified by induction of labor (IOL) versus spontaneous labor. A stratified analysis was performed by mode of delivery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders.

Results In this cohort of 6,509 patients, 51% underwent IOL. A total of 650 patients had a PLP with a median length of 8.5 hours in spontaneous labor and 18.8 hours in IOL. Among patients with PLP, there was a significant increase in composite maternal morbidity with both IOL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.84) and spontaneous labor (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.04) and an increase in composite neonatal morbidity with spontaneous labor only (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.45). Cesarean delivery occurred more often in PLP group (14.0 vs. 25.1%). Among patients who underwent cesarean delivery, PLP remained associated with increased odds of maternal morbidity compared with those with normal latent phase.

Conclusion PLP at or above the 90th percentile in patients who reach active labor is associated with increased risk of maternal morbidity that is not mediated by cesarean delivery. PLP in spontaneous labor is associated with increased neonatal morbidity. These data suggest that further research is needed to establish latent phase cutoffs that may be incorporated into labor management guidelines.

Key Points
Mitochondria and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Pathogenic Role and Target for Therapy
Authors: Torres Sandra , Hardesty Josiah , Barrios Monica , Garcia-Ruiz Carmen , Fernandez-Checa Jose C. , Singal Ashwani K.
Published: September 2024

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and a major cause of liver-related death. ALD is a multifactorial disease triggered by the oxidative metabolism of alcohol which leads to the activation of multiple factors that promote the progression from steatosis to more advanced stages like alcohol-associated steatohepatitis (AH) that culminate in alcohol-associated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Poor understanding of the complex heterogeneous pathology of ALD has limited drug development for this disease. Alterations in mitochondrial performance are considered a crucial event in paving the progression of ALD due to the crucial role of mitochondria in energy production, intermediate metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and cell fate decisions. Therefore, understanding the role of mitochondria in eliciting steatosis and progression toward AH may open the door to new opportunities for treatment. In this review, we will cover the physiological function of mitochondria, its contribution to ALD in experimental models and human disease, and explore whether targeting mitochondria may represent a game changer in the treatment of ALD.
Hausdorff dimension of collision times in one-dimensional log-gases
Authors: Hufnagel Nicole , Andraus Sergio
Published: September 2024

We consider systems of multiple Brownian particles in one dimension that repel mutually via a logarithmic potential on the real line, more specifically the Dyson model. These systems are characterized by a parameter that controls the strength of the interaction, k > 0. Despite being a one-dimensional system, this system is interesting due to the properties that arise from the long-range interaction between particles. It is a well-known fact that when k is small enough, particle collisions occur almost surely, while when k is large, collisions never occur. However, aside from this fact, there was no characterization of the collision times until now. In this paper, we derive the fractal (Hausdorff) dimension of the set of collision times by generalizing techniques introduced by L. Liu and Y. Xiao [Probab. Math. Stat. 18(2), 369–383 (1998)] to study the return times to the origin of self-similar Markov processes. In our case, we consider the return times to configurations where at least one collision occurs, which is a condition that defines unbounded sets as opposed to a single point, namely, the origin. We find that the fractal dimension characterizes the collision behavior of these systems and establishes a clear delimitation between the colliding and non-colliding regions in a way similar to that of a thermodynamic function.
Eigenfunctions and quantum transport with applications to trimmed Schrödinger operators
Authors: Hislop Peter D. , Kirsch Werner , Krishna M.
Published: September 2024

We provide a simple proof of dynamical delocalization, that is, time-increasing lower bounds on quantum transport for discrete, one-particle Schrödinger operators on ℓ2(Zd), provided solutions to the Schrödinger equation satisfy certain growth conditions. The proof is based on basic resolvent identities and the Combes-Thomas estimate on the exponential decay of the Green’s function. As a consequence, we prove that generalized eigenfunctions for energies outside the spectrum of H must grow exponentially in some directions. We also prove that if H has any absolutely continuous spectrum, then the Schrödinger operator exhibits dynamical delocalization. We apply the general result to Γ-trimmed Schrödinger operators, with periodic Γ, and prove dynamical delocalization for these operators. These results also apply to the Γ-trimmed Anderson model, providing a random, ergodic model exhibiting both dynamical localization in an energy interval and dynamical delocalization.
Unveiling vacuum fluctuations and nonclassical states with cavity-enhanced tripartite interactions
Authors: Tang Jing , Deng Yuangang
Published: September 2024

Enhancing and tailoring light–matter interactions offer remarkable nonlinear resources with wide-ranging applications in various scientific disciplines. In this study, strong and deterministic tripartite “beamsplitter” (“squeeze”) interactions are constructed by utilizing cavity-enhanced nonlinear anti-Stokes (Stokes) scattering within spin–photon–phonon degrees of freedom. We explore exotic dynamical and steady-state properties associated with the confined motion of a single atom within a high-finesse optical cavity. Notably, we demonstrate the direct extraction of vacuum fluctuations of photons and phonons, which are inherent in Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, without requiring any free parameters. Moreover, our approach enables the realization of high-quality single-quanta sources with large average photon (phonon) occupancies. The underlying physical mechanisms responsible for generating the nonclassical quantum emitters are attributed to the decay-enhanced single-quanta blockade and long-lived motional phonons, resulting in strong nonlinearity. This work unveils significant opportunities for hitherto studying unexplored physical phenomena and provides novel perspectives on fundamental physics dominated by strong tripartite interactions.
High repetition-rate 0.5 Hz broadband neutron source driven by the Advanced Laser Light Source
Authors: Lelièvre R. , Catrix E. , Vallières S. , Fourmaux S. , Allaoua A. , Anthonippillai V. , Antici P. , Ducasse Q. , Fuchs J.
Published: September 2024

Neutron beams are an essential tool to investigate material structure and perform nondestructive analysis, as they give unique access to element composition, thus ideally complementing density analysis allowed by standard x-rays investigation. Laser-driven neutron sources, though compact and cost-effective, currently have lower average flux than conventional neutron sources, due to the limited repetition rate of the lasers used so far. However, advancements in laser technology allow nowadays to address this challenge. Here, we report results obtained at the Advanced Laser Light Source characterizing stable production of broadband (0.1–2 MeV) neutrons produced at a high repetition rate (0.5 Hz). The interaction of laser pulses of 22 fs duration and 3.2 J on-target energy with 2-μm-thick tantalum targets produced protons in the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) regime up to 7.3 MeV. These protons were subsequently converted into neutrons by (p,n) reactions in lithium fluoride (LiF). Activation measurements and bubble detectors were used to characterize neutron emissions, with a neutron fluence of up to ∼1.4×105 neutrons/shot/sr and energies mainly between a few hundred of kilo-electron volt and 2 MeV. The total neutron yield was ∼5×105 neutrons/shot. This paves the way for numerous applications, e.g., in homeland security, materials science, or cultural heritage.
Investigation of the Abraham–Minkowski dilemma in Smith–Purcell radiation from photonic crystals
Authors: Chen Suguo , Wang Pengtao , Wang Yue , Huang Sunchao , Hou Lei
Published: September 2024

The debate over whether light’s momentum within a medium is accurately described by Abraham or Minkowski formulation has persisted for over a century. To our knowledge, this dilemma has not been explored within the context of Smith–Purcell radiation. This is because, in conventional Smith–Purcell radiation scenarios, the refractive index is equal to one, leading both the Abraham and Minkowski formulations to yield identical results. Here, we investigate the Abraham–Minkowski dilemma within the realm of Smith–Purcell radiation from photonic crystals, where the refractive index deviates from one. In particular, we find that 3 MeV free electrons impinge a photonic crystal with a grating length of 2.1 μm, resulting in the emission of red light when analyzed based on Abraham’s momentum and blue light when analyzed based on Minkowski’s momentum. In addition, our findings reveal that the disparity in wavelength as predicted by Abraham’s momentum and Minkowski’s momentum depends on the grating length and the refractive index. Our findings offer a method to address the Abraham–Minkowski dilemma within the context of Smith–Purcell radiation, thereby enhancing our understanding of both the Abraham–Minkowski dilemma and Smith–Purcell radiation.
Characterization of the image plate multi-scan response to mono-energetic x-rays
Authors: Cufari M. , Vanderloo N. , Buschmann B. I. , DeVault A. , Foo B. C. , Vargas J. , Dannhoff S. G. , Evans T. E. , Johnson T. M. , Kunimune J. , Lawrence Y. , Pearcy J. A. , Reichelt B. L. , Russell L. , Wink C. W. , Gatu Johnson M. , Petrasso R. D. , Frenje J. A.
Published: September 2024

Image plates (IPs), or phosphor storage screens, are a technology employed frequently in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high energy density plasma (HEDP) diagnostics because of their sensitivity to many types of radiation, including, x rays, protons, alphas, beta particles, and neutrons. Prior studies characterizing IPs are predicated on the signal level remaining below the scanner saturation threshold. Since the scanning process removes some signal from the IP via photostimulated luminescence, repeatedly scanning an IP can bring the signal level below the scanner saturation threshold. This process, in turn, raises concerns about the signal response of IPs after an arbitrary number of scans and whether such a process yields, for example, a constant ratio of signal between the nth and n + 1st scan. Here, the sensitivity of IPs is investigated when scanned multiple times. It is demonstrated that the ratio of signal decay is not a constant with the number of scans and that the signal decay depends on the x-ray energy. As such, repeatedly scanning an IP with a mixture of signal types (e.g., x ray, neutron, and protons) enables ICF and HEDP diagnostics employing IPs to better isolate a particular signal type.
Effect of various septal deviations and corrections on nasal aero and particle dynamics: An in silico and in vitro investigation
Authors: Tripathy Kartika Chandra , Bhandari Ajay
Published: September 2024

Septal deviation causes nasal airway obstruction, necessitating septoplasty. The effectiveness of septoplasty is often assessed using the “Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score” and “Visual analogue scale (VAS)”; however, success rates remain limited. Studies on post-septoplasty outcomes and challenges for different septal deviations are rare. Septal corrections redistribute airflow, with symptom improvements depending on post-surgical changes. Investigating a post-septoplasty cavity's defense against particulate exposure and changes in particle deposition hotspots is crucial due to potential toxicological challenges. The current study uses patient-specific anatomies to examine airflow and particle deposition in pre- and post-septal correction in S-shaped, C-shaped, and reverse C-shaped septal deviations. Experiments measure pressure drops throughout the nasal cavity using a differential U-tube manometer attached to probes at various sites within three-dimensionally printed transparent nasal models. Additionally, Eulerian–Lagrangian airflow and particle deposition simulations are performed. In vitro results show a significant reduction in total pressure drop, ranging from 3 to 24 Pa between deviated and corrected models, and the nasal valve region is the most susceptible to pressure loss. In silico results reveal a maximum reduction of 50% in flow rate differences and 21% in wall shear stress (WSS) within nasal cavities for corrected cases. Lagrangian simulations show higher particle deposition in anterior regions of deviated cases, with an 82% reduction in particle deposition for the reverse C-shaped model with 10-μm particles, while the C-shaped model with 25-micron particles sees a 10% increase. These findings may help otolaryngologists evaluate post-surgical nasal cavity performance regarding airflow, filtration abilities, and potential toxicological challenges.
Impact of proton radiation and annealing of CMOS image sensors on star sensor performance
Authors: Cui Yi-Hao , Feng Jie , Li Yu-Dong , Liu Bingkai , Wen Lin , Guo Qi
Published: September 2024

Star sensors play a crucial role as high-precision optical attitude navigation devices in satellite attitude control systems. The CMOS image sensor is an important component of the imaging system of the star sensor and experiences performance degradation due to the total ionizing dose effect and displacement damage effect in the radiation environment of its long-term operational workspace. As a result, the detection capability and attitude positioning accuracy of the star sensor gradually deteriorate. The performance of CMOS image sensors can be partially restored after annealing but the impact on the performance of star sensors is unclear. This study conducted 100 MeV proton irradiation experiments with different fluences on CMOS image sensors and performed room temperature and high temperature annealing treatments. By testing and analyzing the performance of star sensors equipped with irradiated and different annealing treatments on CMOS image sensors, the impact mechanism of CMOS image sensor radiation damage and annealing recovery on the performance variation of star sensors was obtained. This study provides theoretical support for reliability of long-term in-orbit star sensors.
Generation of seed electrons in guided ionization waves in He–O2 mixtures: The effect of negative ion cluster formation
Authors: Aleksandrov N. L. , Ponomarev A. A. , Syssoev A. A.
Published: September 2024

The kinetics of electrons and negative ions was numerically studied under the conditions, which are typical for multi-pulsed guided ionization waves in He flows ejected into ambient air. It was shown that, in He with a small admixture of O2 or air, O2− ions formed due to three-body electron attachment in the discharge afterglow are rapidly converted to O4− cluster ions in pulse off time. We suggested that seed electrons are generated at the leading edge of a pulse in two steps, and these steps are dissociation of O4− ions to form O2− ions followed by electron detachment from the O2− ions. The rate of O4− dissociation was calculated in He–O2 mixtures for various reduced electric fields on the basis of a Monte Carlo simulation. This rate, as well as the rate of electron detachment from O2− ions calculated previously, was used to simulate seed electron generation in a high-voltage nanosecond pulse in He–O2 mixtures for different gas pressures. It was shown that the formation of O4− ions drastically hinders the generation of seed electrons in multi-pulsed guided ionization waves in He–O2 and He–air mixtures.
Nonlinear simulations of GAEs in NSTX-U
Authors: Belova E. V. , Fredrickson E. D. , Crocker N. A.
Published: September 2024

A set of nonlinear simulations has been performed in order to study the nonlinear evolution of unstable global Alfvén eigenmodes in the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U). Results of the single toroidal mode number, n, simulations are compared with a full nonlinear simulation (all toroidal harmonics included). In single-n simulations, the conservation of two integrals of motion of a particle in a cyclotron resonance with a monochromatic wave is demonstrated, resulting in a one-dimensional evolution of the particle distribution in (E,μ,pϕ) phase-space. Nonlinear simulations (both single-n and full nonlinear) show a significant redistribution of the resonant fast ions, especially in the pitch parameter. Thus, the changes in the resonant particle's parallel and perpendicular energies can be several times larger than the total particle energy change, with only a small fraction transferring into the excitation of the mode itself. This implies that even a relatively small amplitude mode can significantly modify the beam distribution in the resonant region. For the NSTX-U case considered, the single-n simulation results are close to full nonlinear simulation only for the most unstable mode, in which case the saturation amplitudes and changes in the fast ion distribution are comparable. In contrast, peak amplitudes of subdominant modes in all-n simulations are smaller by a factor of 3–10 compared to single-n runs due to the flattening of the beam ion distribution by the fastest growing mode.
Non-equillibrium ultrafast optical excitation as a stimulus for ultra-small field-free magnetic skyrmions in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo
Authors: Parappurath Syam Prasad , Mohanty Jyoti Ranjan
Published: September 2024

Generating and manipulating magnetic skyrmions at ultrafast time scales is essential for future skyrmion-based racetrack memory and logic gate applications. Using the atomistic spin dynamics simulations, we demonstrate the nucleation of ultra-small field-free magnetic skyrmions in amorphous GdFeCo at picosecond time scales by femtosecond laser heating. The ultrafast nature of laser heating and subsequent cooling from a high-temperature state is crucial for forming magnetic skyrmion. The magnon localization and magnon coalescence are the key driving mechanisms responsible for stabilizing the magnetic skyrmions at zero-field conditions. The polarization and, hence, the topological charge can be switched by exploiting the all-optical switching observed in GdFeCo. The skyrmion sizes and numbers can be controlled by varying pulse width and fluence of incident laser pulses. Applying an external magnetic field provides an additional degree of freedom to tune the skyrmion radius during the ultrafast optical creation of magnetic skyrmions. Our results provide a detailed understanding of the ultrafast creation of magnetic skyrmions using femtosecond laser pulses, a vital step in advancing next-generation skyrmion-based memory technologies.
Ion motion can cause nonlinear electron acoustic waves in plasmas to phase-mix: A theoretical study
Authors: Pramanik Sourav , Biswas Anubhab , Maity Chandan
Published: September 2024

Theoretical investigation on the space-time evolution of standing electron acoustic waves (EAWs) reveals the collisionless damping of these modes as they slowly lose phase-coherency because of phase-mixing. Finite ion inertia is the responsible factor behind phase-mixing of EAWs in an electron–ion plasma with hot and cold electrons. A simple perturbation analysis of the fluid-Maxwell's equations shows that phase-mixing can happen at arbitrary amplitudes. Our analysis also predicts the approximate time of phase-mixing. It is found that a larger proportion of the hot electrons increases the phase-mixing time, while on the other hand, a higher temperature of hot electrons decreases it. The findings of this article might be relevant to comprehend different nonlinear phenomena of space and laboratory plasmas.
Assessing the performance of a monocrystalline solar panel under different tropical climatic conditions in Cameroon using artificial neural network
Authors: Dongmo Claire Olivic , Arreyndip Nkongho Ayuketang , Tendong Edwine , Afungchui David , Daoudi Mohammed , Ebobenow Joseph
Published: September 2024

To implement the European Union (EU)-Africa Green Energy Initiative in Cameroon to boost the renewable energy sector, we model the performance of a 500 W monocrystalline solar panel in major cities of Cameroon located in different climatic zones to select the best location for the installation of a solar farm. We also evaluate the contribution of seasonal and weather variability to the amount and stability of power generated by the panel using the artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model was used to train and test the ERA5 hourly data for Bamenda. The model was then used to estimate Photovoltaic (PV) output in Douala, Yaounde, Ngaoundere, Garoua, and Maroua with a mean absolute error of 4.109 × 10−5, 4.699 × 10−5, 3.563 × 10−5, 3.106 × 10−5, and 3.083 × 10−5 kW, respectively. The results show that the ANN can capture the influence of weather variability on the generated output power. Cloud cover and rainfall are found to negatively affect the amount and stability of generated power in the lower latitude cities of Douala and Yaounde compared to the northern cities, with these effects being stronger in the rainy season than in the dry season. Garoua followed by Maroua are proving to be the best locations for installing a solar park in terms of the amount and stability of electricity generated throughout the year. The Cameroonian government, its EU partners, and other stakeholders involved in the development of solar energy in the country will be able to use the results of this study for better decision-making.
An experimental study on the wettability of nanofluids
Authors: Chen Liuyang , Feng He , Zhang Sheng , Liu Quancun , Zhang Junfeng , Xue Changguo
Published: September 2024

The wettability of nanofluid is a key factor affecting oil recovery and fluid heat transfer. However, the traditional wettability measurement method consisting in determining the contact angle enables to assess the wettability at a solid–liquid contact point only and not within the continuous detection range. Therefore, in this work, a lateral friction detection system is used to continuously measure the wettability of hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes/deionized water (MWCNT-OH/DIW) nanofluids on polydimethylsiloxane surfaces. Specifically, MWCNT-OH/DIW nanofluids with various mass fractions are configured, and different surfactants are introduced to regulate the dispersion in deionized water. The results reveal that the surface tension and contact angle decrease simultaneously with the increase in MWCNT-OH/DIW mass fraction. Meanwhile, this change also causes an increase in the lateral friction at the nanofluid/PDMS interface. Furthermore, both sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactants can effectively reduce its surface tension. Notably, when CTAB is added, the maximum static friction (132.62 μN) exceeds that of SDS (113.13 μN). Therefore, the proposed method opens up new prospects in wettability detection of nanofluids.