bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplexed RT-qPCR to screen for SARS-COV-2 B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 variants of concern v2
Authors: Vogels Chantal , Fauver Joseph , Grubaugh Nathan
Published: January 2021

With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that may increase transmissibility and/or cause escape from immune responses, there is an urgent need for targeted molecular surveillance methods. While sequencing is the gold standard, it cannot always be immediately scaled or implemented in some settings to detect variants when their frequencies are low. The Applied Biosystems TaqPath COVID-19 assay (ThermoFisher), a PCR test, was discovered to have a distinct signature (spike gene target failure, [SGTF]) when testing viruses containing the Δ69/70 HV deletion, like the B.1.1.7 variant first detected in the UK. However, a sample with a SGTF is not definitive for B.1.1.7, and cannot detect other variants of concern that lack the Δ69/70 HV deletion, such as B.1.351 detected in South Africa and P.1 recently detected in Brazil. We developed a multiplexed RT-qPCR assay that can detect all three variants by targeting the Δ3675-3677 SGF deletion in the ORF1a gene, which has not yet been widely detected in other SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Furthermore, by also targeting the Δ69/70 HV deletion in the spike gene, our assay can differentiate B.1.1.7 from B.1.351 and P.1. Finally, we include the CDC N1 primer and probe set in our multiplexed assay as a control to ensure that target failures are likely due to the presence of the ORF1a and/or spike deletions and that there is sufficient virus RNA for sequencing confirmation. Our multiplexed RT-qPCR assay can be rapidly scaled to support SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance.
Муниципально-частное партнерство в Санкт-Петербурге в аспекте развития межсекторного социального партнерства
Authors: Плотников Алексей Иванович
Published: January 2021

В аспекте концепции межсекторного социального партнерства, на примере муниципального самоуправления Санкт-Петербурга рассматривается состояние, потенциал и перспективы развития муниципально-частного партнерства. Рассматривается сложившиеся условия в нормативной сфере, общие условия и предпосылки для развития межсекторного партнерства на муниципальном уровне, а также обосновывается ошибочность дискурса на тему социальной ответственности бизнеса.
Кооперативная модель управления в контексте метамодерна
Authors: Хохлова Дарья Даниловна
Published: January 2021

В статье исследован генезис кооперативной модели управления в XX - XXI вв., а также рассмотрены модели, возникшие непосредственно в новую эпоху метамодерна. Метамодерн находится в процессе форматирования политики, смещая ее центр с абсолютной власти к феномену влияния и кооперации. Политическая практика кооперативизма в настоящее время зарождается из форм ненасильственного протеста, а также общественных политических экспериментов, каким стал, например, выбор Йона Гнарра мэром Рейкьявика в 2010-2014 гг. В статье подробно рассмотрены исландские либертарианские эксперименты как беспрецедентный по масштабности и политическому уровню опыт кооперативного управления. В результате сделаны выводы об условиях, необходимых для успешной реализации кооперативизма, а также о том, насколько труднодостижимой является эта концепция на практике.
Международный опыт и российские управленческие практики: трудный путь к сотрудничеству
Authors: Баранов Николай Алексеевич
Published: January 2021

Политические процессы в современных государствах сопровождаются появлением теорий и практик, предназначенных для совершенствования взаимосвязи политики и управления через посредство новых механизмов. Процесс коммуникации, следствием которого является политика в интересах общества, претерпевает изменения, появляются новые тенденции, которые проходят апробацию в условиях информатизации и глобализации. В России также осуществляется поиск коммуникативных практик, способствующих установлению взаимопонимания власти и общества. Эти практики носят преимущественно ценностный характер и основываются на общественном договоре, имеющем социальное звучание. Выходом из сложившейся ситуации является перенос на российскую политику тех практик, которые позволяют эффективно влиять на процесс управления, контролировать деятельность государственных и административных органов и формировать пространство для реального сотрудничества заинтересованных структур.
Власть и гражданские институты: к проблеме доверия и недоверия
Authors: Михеев Валентин Александрович
Published: January 2021

В докладе рассматривается содержание категорий доверия, недоверия, изложенных в трудах отечественных и зарубежных ученых, представленных в обыденном и публичном восприятии. Дается авторское определение данных категорий (понятий). Характеризуются критерии, особенности формирования уровней развития доверия, недоверия, использования новых механизмов, технологий во взаимоотношениях власти и институтов гражданского общества. Особое внимание уделяется исследованию проблем, сдерживающих рост доверия граждан к органам власти, и негативных сдвигов в преодолении тотального недоверия. Анализируются направления возможных практических действий по утверждению обоснованного состояния доверия, недоверия.
Социальный портрет пенсионеров-пользователей ИКТ в России
Authors: Сизова Ирина Леонидовна , Биккулов Александр Сергеевич
Published: January 2021

Социальный портрет пенсионеров-пользователей ИКТ в России составлен на основании базы данных Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ-ВШЭ и ЗАО «Демоскоп» при участии Центра народонаселения Университета Северной Каролины в Чапел Хилле и Института социологии РАН (RLMS). Социальный портрет составлен на основе следующих базовых характеристик жизни населения в России: использование компьютера и интернета по возрастным группам, дома и на работе, использование различных устройств для выхода в интернет, цели использования интернет, использование социальных сетей.
Анализ взаимодействия государства и общества в Рунете (2000-2016 гг.)
Authors: Кульназарова Анастасия Витальевна
Published: January 2021

В данной статье объектом исследования выступает коммуникативное взаимодействие власти и общества - совокупность практик обмена информацией и способов его регулирования между органами власти, общественными структурами и индивидами. Разрабатываются модели коммуникативного взаимодействия государства и общества в Интернете. В основе моделирования лежат такие параметры как государственное регулирование интернет-пространства и уровень политического участия граждан. Таким образом, выделяется 4 модели: «тоталитарная», «авторитарная», «партнерская», «либеральная». Предлагаются также дополнительные критерии анализа коммуникационного взаимодействия, позволяющие более четко идентифицировать и охарактеризовать каждую из моделей. Сделан вывод о том, что в России с 2012 г. наблюдается переход к авторитарной модели взаимодействия государства и общества в Интернете. Основаниями для данного вывода являются запретительные тенденции в регулировании Интернета, низкий уровень отклика на низовые инициативы, упрощение процедур ограничения доступа к информации.
On the Solvability and Number of Solutions of Production-Logical Equations in a Fuzzy LP-Structure
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018, Russian Federation, Makhortov S. D.
Published: January 2021

For the construction and study of formal models of intelligent information systems, algebraic methods are useful. One of the topical directions here is the production-type logical systems, which are widespread in computer science. In recent years, the author and his followers have been developing the algebraic theory of LP-structures (lattice production structures). It is designed to formalize and solve a number of knowledge management problems in production systems. The method of relevant backward inference (LP-inference) was also introduced and investigated, which significantly reduces the number of calls to external information sources in comparison with classical inference. Subsequently, the theory was generalized to speed up inference in distributed production systems. At the same time, modern intelligent systems are characterized by fuzzy knowledge and fuzzy reasoning. There­fore, there is a need to extend the theory of LP-structures to fuzzy production systems. This research was initiated in previous articles by the author. Some concepts are introduced that impart fuzziness to LP-structures, and certain properties of fuzzy LP-inference are established. In recent works, research results are presented that systematically generalize the theory of LP-structures to the case of fuzzy knowledge bases. The terminology of FLP-structures with fuzzy logical relation (Fuzzy LP-structures) is introduced, the main standard properties are proved. The present work complements the FLP-structure model by investigating a class of production-logical equations. Relevant inference ideas are based on it, reducing the number of calls to external sources of information. Methods for solving these equations are formulated. For the first time, questions about the existence and number of solutions have been resolved. Finding a solution to a production-logical equation corresponds to the backward fuzzy inference in a production system. The proved theorems can be used for software implementation of fuzzy LP-structures and corresponding optimization of fuzzy inference. Some ideas for this implementation are discussed.
Automatic Clustering of Mass Media Documents Based on the Analysis of Their Semantic Content
Authors: Kan A.V. , Kozlovskaya Y.D. , Kadushkin N.A. , Khoroshilov A.A.
Published: January 2021

The article describes the solution to the problem of automatic clustering of media documents based on the analysis of their semantic analysis. The proposed solution is based on the methods of machine grammar, semantic-syntactic and conceptual analysis of texts, as well as methods for identifying the conceptual composition of a collection of documents and formalizing the semantic content of texts. The developed algorithm of the document clustering process provides for the possibility of its implementation in a fully automatic mode without prior machine learning.
Features of the Software Implementation of the Digital Adaptive Platform for Learning Programming with the Teamwork Skills Forming Function
Authors: Popkov S.I.
Published: January 2021

A study of existing approaches to creating educational environments for learning programming is conducted. Their main shortcomings are analyzed. The concept of a digital adaptive platform for learning programming, taking into account the identified shortcomings, is proposed. The features of the software implementation are described in a form of links between platform components, operation concepts and the platform architecture overall. The features of the software architecture and implementation of the digital adaptive platform for learning programming with the teamwork skills forming function are demonstrated.
Gender influence on the level of expression of oral fluid biomarkers
Authors: Kochurova Ekaterina V. , Kudasova E. O. , Podolskii Yu. S. , Gavryushova L. V. , Izhnina E. V.
Published: January 2021

The purpose to determine the level of expression in the oral fluid of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of types 2, 8 and 9, as well as their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) of types 1 and 2, depending on the presence or absence of a number of components of the dental status.Material and methods. The results of a study of the level of expression of oral fluid biomarkers of 19 patients with different levels of dental health who do not have a history of history are presented. Previously, a dental examination of patients was carried out and the occurrence of signs of dental status was determined.Results and discussion. Analysis of expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors showed significant differences in performance.Conclusions. The data obtained suggest a significant impact of the state of dental health mainly on the level of MMP-2 and MMP-9, the indicators of which differ 2 times from the same in the opposite sex, with other conditions being almost the same (age, general health).
The need for a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment procedures of isolated lesions of the oral mucosa in herpetiform Dühring dermatitis
Authors: Ruvinskaya Guzel R. , Silantieva E. N. , Anokhina A. V.
Published: January 2021

The defeat of the oral mucosa in herpetiform Dhring dermatitis is a rare pathology. According to the literature, it is detected in 9.6% 10% of cases. Granular deposits of immunoglobulin A in the papillae of the dermis in herpetiform Dhring dermatitis are associated with gluten enteropathy, lead to the development of inflammatory processes on the skin and oral mucosa and the appearance of polymorphic itchy rashes and chronic recurrent course of the disease. The article describes a clinical case of a patient diagnosed with herpetiform dermatitis, manifestations in the oral cavity (ICD-10 L13.0X code). The need for a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and dynamic observation of isolated lesions of the oral mucosa in herpetiform Dhring dermatitis is indicated. A scheme of measures required by a dentist is developed.
Features of chewing disorders in children with grade III vertebral disocclusion of dentition
Authors: Ali A. E. , Vodolatsky Victor M.
Published: January 2021

We aimed at studying the peculiarities of violations of function for the vertical disocclusion dentition III level in children. We performed this study in 27 patients aged 718 years before and after orthodontic treatment using the statistical method of N. I. Agapova, based on determining the percentage of each tooth in the chewing process. We analyzed chewing efficiency in patients with grade III vertical dentition dysocclusion in each age group from 7 to 18 years with same number of boys and girls. The mean chewing efficiency index of grade III vertical disocclusion of the dentition was 52.3%, indicating a high degree of its violation. We observed the highest percentage of chewing efficiency loss in children aged 18 years (63.4%). This loss occurred due to the absence of occlusal relationships in the area of incisors and canines, as well as premolars and first molars on one or two sides of the dentition. In addition, we recorded the lowest percentage of loss of chewing efficiency in children aged 7 years (40.8%). The decrease in chewing efficiency observed in this age group was due to the switching-off of incisors and canines from occlusal relationships on both sides of the dentition. After the end of the treatment stage, reanalysis of the average loss of chewing efficiency in patients with grade III vertical dentition was 7.7%.
Development of complex of digital planning of dental treatment and assessment of its clinical effectiveness
Authors: Apresyan Samvel V. , Stepanov A. G. , Retinskaya M. V. , Suonio V. K.
Published: January 2021

The article considers prerequisites and methods of developing a complex of treatment planning profile in a patient using modern dental computer technologies. We performed a retrospective analysis of data based on the results of a protocol using digital dental technologies for planning, layout, and prototyping of dental prostheses This developed complex allows for obtaining a predictable result of dental treatment. The use of innovative computer technologies makes it possible not only to control each stage of rehabilitation, but also to make the necessary changes in the early stages of planning. Coordination with patients shape and size of teeth at initial stages avoids conflict situations by completing manipulations in oral cavity.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with hypogonadism using complex dental therapy
Authors: Afanasiev Vasily V. , Kalinchenko S. Yu. , Damadaev M. M.
Published: January 2021

The authors conducted a dental examination of 77 patients treated in an Endocrinology Clinic for Hypogonadism. All patients were diagnosed with sialadenosis, decreased salivation rate, increased saliva viscosity, and acidity level. We supplemented hormone replacement therapy for hypogonadism with comprehensive dental treatment, which significantly improved the treatment parameters.
Antibacterial efficiency of heat treatment on teeth root canals
Authors: Daurova F. Y. , Tomaeva D. I. , Podkopaeva S. V. , Taptun Y. A.
Published: January 2021

Aim. To determine the antibacterial efficiency of heat treatment on teeth root canals by the application of laser radiation and high-frequency diathermocoagulation in the complex curative measures.

Materials and methods. We conducted 120 experiments on the removed teeth that were first placed for 24 hours in natrium chloride isotonic solution. Depending on the type of influence being studied, remote teeth were up-diffused in three groups. The antibacterial action of the high-energy laser radiation and high-frequency diathermocoagulation were studied.

Results. During the experiment, the high antibacterial effect of monoarctic diathermocoagulation was reduced with the use of alternating current at a frequency of 2,64 Mhz in the treatment of the teeth root canals.

Conclusion. The use of diathermocoagulation increases the effectiveness of the treatment measures, which helps to reduce the number of complications and the need for repeated interventions in the treatment of dental caries complications.
Efficiency of cleaning dental structural polymer materials and their resistance to biofouling
Authors: Khafizova F. A. , Mirgazizov R. M. , Khafizov I. R. , Ulyanov Y. A.
Published: January 2021

Aim. The formation of biofilms, involving microorganisms from the oral cavity, on the surface of various structural dental materials was investigated. Flexistron Plus, Dentalos Plus, and PEEK are used in dental orthopedic practice for prosthetics.

Materials and methods. The difference in quantity depends on the structure and type of plastics, as well as on their mechanical cleaning. All the plastic samples were obtained using atomic force microscopy, which made it possible to detect differences in the microstructure and microrelief of all the types of plastics and to demonstrate bacterial growth on plastics before and after the mechanical cleaning of their surfaces with a toothbrush.

Conclusion. The revealed facts of increased microbial contamination after the mechanical treatment of the surface of polymer materials suggest the need for additional lining with harder materials or the creation of new composites based on these polymers with high hygienic adequacy.
PSORIASIFORM CUTANEOUS SARCOIDOSIS
Authors: Evdokimov Evgeny Yu. , Smirnova L. M , Golubev M. A
Published: January 2021

Psoriasiform cutaneous sarcoidosis relates to atypical forms of sarcoidosis. The clinical case with a typical manifestation and the formation of noncaseating granulomas and a specific histological pattern associated with vulgar psoriasis is described. Despite the relative prevalence of cutaneous forms of sarcoidosis, clinical recognition of the disease sometimes presents certain difficulties and requires close attention of clinicians.
ULCERATIVE-NECROTIZING ANGIITIS ON A BACKGROUND OF RECEPTION OF LENVATINIB IN THYROID CANCER
Authors: Orlova Ekaterina V. , Grabovskaya O. V , Smirnova L. M , Shestakova L. A , Melikova N. I , Kayumova L. N
Published: January 2021

The information about modern targeted drugs used in chemotherapy regimens for different types of cancer is presented. The mechanisms of pathogenesis of the development of undesirable skin reactions in the presence of tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors are described. The clinical case of a rarely occurring reaction to drugs inhibitors of vascular growth factor in the form of ulcerative-necrotic skin lesions in a 63-year-old patient is presented.
THE USE OF INTRAVENOUS LASER BLOOD IRRADIATION IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH BEHCET’S SYNDROME
Authors: Porsokhonova D. F , Novoselov V. S , Yakubovich A. I , Mirsaidova M. A , Radzhabova Yu. N , Maximov Ivan S.
Published: January 2021

The results of a microbiological and PCR survey of patients with Behcet’s disease, as well as the results of intravenous laser irradiation of the blood (ILIB) are presented. According to the authors, the clinical picture of the disease was represented by the presence of single and multiple repeatedly recurring erosive and ulcerative defects in the area of the oral mucosa (cheek area and lateral surface of the tongue) and/or external genitalia. 4 patients noted soreness in the area of rashes, in 2 rashes were accompanied by a rise in temperature and the symptoms of malaise, weakness. Signs of catarrhal conjunctivitis and uveitis were present in 3 patients, while there was no reduction in visual acuity in the course of the disease. 3 patients had pain in large joints without visible changes on the radiograph and an increase in ESR up to 18-24 mm/h. As a result of the complex therapy with antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifungal therapy depending on the detected pathogen, as well as procedures of ILIB, the resorption of the infiltration zone was noted on the 10-11th day of treatment. Ulcerative elements began to epithelize. Erythema, feelings of burning and pain were absent.
ЕRYTHEMATOTELANGIECTATIC ROSACEA: THE OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY
Authors: Rusina Tatiana S. , Snarskaya E. S
Published: January 2021

Presents the modern classification, definition and differential diagnostic criteria of the clinical picture of rosacea. The social significance of dermatosis, the importance and the ability to eliminate the symptoms of the disease in the early stages, achieve a sustainable clinical effect to the ”Clear“ skin condition. The article presents the first domestic positive experience in the complex treatment of the erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, using broadband pulsed light radiation using a 0.5% brimonidine tartrate gel (Mirvazo Derm®). The effectiveness of the method is estimated using a multispectral analysis of the skin, which allows real-time to see the morphological structure of the pathological process, as well as create a map of the distribution of hemoglobin and measure its concentration in the lesions. During research there were 60 patients aged 26 to 55 years with an established diagnosis of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. The duration of the disease ranged from 6 months to 12 years. We have demonstrated the high efficiency and tolerability of the combined method, the absence of side and undesirable effects in patients with rosacea with an erythematotelangiectatic subtype.
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AS AN EPIGENETIC COFACTOR OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEVERAL EPITHELIAL NON-MELANOCYTIC SKIN NEOPLASMS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Avad Zhaber Mahmud Zhaber - , Snarskaya E. S
Published: January 2021

In recent decades, interest in the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been steadily increasing, which can be attributed both to the evolution of molecular genetic detection methods and to the widespread of this viral infection in the population. Epidemiological and molecular biological data suggest that HPV genus beta can cause the development of a number of epithelial non-melanocytic neoplasms of the skin. However, this relationship has not yet been fully studied. Possibly, human papillomavirus infection should be considered from the perspective of co-carcinogenesis with the cumulative effect of UV irradiation, which is indirectly indicated by the predominant localization of elements in open areas of the skin and the high risks of their malignant transformation.
EFFICACY OF NARROWBAND ULTRAVIOLET B 311 NM PLUS AN INHIBITOR OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4 (PDE4) COMBINED THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE PLAQUE PSORIASIS
Authors: Olisova Olga Yu. , Grekova E. V , Svistunova D. A
Published: January 2021

Objective. to determine the effectiveness and tolerability of narrowband ultraviolet (UV) B (311 nm) plus an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) combined therapy in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Material and methods. the first group consisted of 30 patients (18 women and 12 men) who were treated with UVB 311 nm and inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). The second (control) group was treated with UVB 311 nm and methotrexate (n = 30; 15 women and 15 men). The study participants were aged 32 to 67 (43.8 ± 4.34). Results. it was determined greater efficiency (PASI 100 43.3% of patients and PASI 90 46.7%) of the treatment plaque moderate to severe psoriasis patients with UVB 311 nm plus an inhibitor of PDE4 compared to UVB 311 nm plus methotrexate (PASI 100 10% of patients and PASI 90 40%). The treatment was well-tolerated. The side effects in both groups were mild, did not require the cancellation of the prescribed treatment regimen, and were often stopped on their own or with minimal corrective therapy.
MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF HIGH FREQUENCY RADIO WAVE CURRENTS IN AESTHETIC MEDICINE
Authors: Lebedeva Serafima V. , Teplyuk N. P , Noveselov V. S
Published: January 2021

The radio wave effect on biological tissues is of great interest to dermatologists, cosmetologists, and plastic surgeons. The modern information about radio wave therapy of involutional changes of face and neck skin is shown. A literature review of the physical aspects of the high-frequency current of the radio wave range is presented. The thermal and oscillation effects of radio frequency (RF) on biological tissues are shown, the mechanism of these effects at the cellular level is described. Primary targets of high-frequency currents exposure in the skin, their effect on the physicochemical properties of collagen and unicellular organisms are described. The mechanism of pulsed and continuous radio wave technologies and the possibility of their use in medical practice are described. Types of minimally invasive and non-invasive electrodes, when the choice of electrode diameter determines the therapy of specific clinical cases, are shown. The multifunctional minimally invasive RF device Innofill with needle and cannula active electrodes is presented. The technical characteristics and exposure modes of the device are considered. The features of the cannula electrode and the possibilities of its use in solving various dermatological and cosmetic problems are highlighted. A histological study of a combined technique of the Innofill radio wave method with the filler based on hyaluronic acid, was performed. A change in the amount of collagen and elastin fibers was noted. The distribution of the filler in the tissues was evaluated after the injection of the filler based on hyaluronic acid, after 30 and 60 seconds of RF exposure and after 30 seconds of RF exposure in a tunnel technique with the formation of a collagen channel. Histological material was stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson and Van Gieson trichrome. High efficiency, safety and prolonged effect of this exposure were described.
Integrative virogeny of skin-type beta papillomaviruses with concurrent progressive dermatoheliosis as a potential risk of malignant carcinogenesis
Authors: Snarskaya Elena S. , Zhaber Awad Z.
Published: January 2021

Background: Epidemiological and molecular biological data suggest that papilloma viruses of the beta genus are capable of causing the development of a number of epithelial non-melanocytic skin neoplasms. One of the most probable hypotheses of the influence of cutaneous human papillomaviruses is of great interest, in which they are considered as a cofactor for the promotion of tumor growth of cells already damaged by tumor-initiating epigenetic factors the result of cumulative ultraviolet-induced damage (UVI), that is, photoaging. Cutaneous papillomaviruses of the genus beta infect the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, which determines the spectrum of clinical targets, which are the morphological structures of the skin epidermis. The oncogenic strategy of carcinogenic papillomaviruses is enhanced by a number of mechanisms for increasing the aggressiveness of tumor growth, an important feature of which is integrative virogeny, the process of incorporating the viral genome into the cellular chromosomes of epithelial cells.

Materials and methods: The article presents the results of our own studies of the incidence and degree of viral load of HPV genus beta DNA in 80 patients (42 patients with dermatogeliosis of IIIIV degrees according to Glogau and epithelial neoplasias, 38 patients without dermatogeliosis) and 40 healthy donors.

Results: We have demonstrated that high rates of detection of papillomaviruses in proliferating tissue identified in immunosuppressive patients with catastrophic manifestations of dermatogeliosis and multiple epithelial neoplasias (papillomas, fibroepitheliomas, keratomas, skin carcinomas) significantly exceed the viral load of virus DNA in normal skin (1.42 0.6 log) and correlate with other clinical and anamnestic signs, in particular, pronounced signs of dermatogeliosis according to Glogau (IV catastrophic stage) and a constitutionally high degree of photosensitivity (IIIII according to Fitzpatrick), which indicates the formation of a "pathological tandem", which is local immunosuppression and multiple proliferative foci of the epidermis.
First metatarsophalangeal joint chondroplasty using the autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis in treatment of patients with hallux rigidus. Analysis of immediate and medium-term results
Authors: Nurmukhametov Maxim R. , Makarov Maxim A. , Bialik Evgeny I. , Makarov Sergey A. , Khrennikov Yaroslav B.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. To date, there is no single approach to the surgical treatment of hallux rigidus. In turn, it is known that in the presence of bone-cartilaginous defects in knee, hip and ankle joints, the autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis is quite successfully used. In this regard, we have proposed to use this technique in patients with hallux rigidus.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the 1st MTP joint chondroplasty using the induced chondrogenesis technique in patients with HR, to analyze the immediate and medium-term results of the operations in terms of pain and function.
Materials and methods. The 1st MTP joint chondroplasty has been performed in 21 patients with hallux rigidus. Before the surgery the range of motion (ROM) in 1st MTP joint was measured; the foot condition was evaluated using such scales as VAS of pain, AOFAS, VAS FA. The 1st MTP joint chondroplasty was performed using the technique of the induced chondrogenesis with collagen matrix. The results of surgical treatment were evaluated within 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.
Results: 3 months after the operation, a significant decrease in pain, an increase in ROM in 1st MTP joint and an improvement in the foot function were observed. Subsequently, a moderate positive dynamic was observed.
Conclusion: the results of the operations showed that the 1st MTP joint chondroplasty can be an effective method of surgical treatment, which allows to relieve pain and significantly improve the quality of life of patients with hallux rigidus, both young and elderly. Also, this technique can be used in the treatment of patients with rheumatic diseases of the low activity or remission.
Calcium phosphate and composite materials functionalization of bioactive agents for its target delivery to the bone
Authors: Kuvshinova Ekaterina A. , Petrakova Natalia V. , Sergeeva Natalya S. , Sviridova Irina K. , Kirsanova Valentina A. , Ahmedova Suraya A. , Karalkin Pavel A. , Teterina Anastasia Y. , Komlev Vladimir S.
Published: January 2021

Aim of the study. The development of the method of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and mineral-polymer composite material functionalization with biological agents (human platelet lysate (PL) growth factors and antibiotic vancomycin) by the biomimetic coprecipitation principle technique.
Materials and methods. The OCP and the mineral-polymer composite matrices (sodium alginate / gelatin / OCP) functionalization was obtained by biomimetic coprecipitation of calcium phosphates and the bioactive molecules on their surface. The materials structure was examined by electron microscopy. The functionalization efficiency was determined by measurement of the incorporated compounds in solution, as well as by analysis of their release over the 8 days. The antimicrobial activity of vancomycin functionalized samples was evaluated by in vitro disk diffusion method against the Staphylococcus aureus strain.
Results. The evaluation of incorporated molecules release showed that the OCP functionalization with vancomycin is more effective than PL. The antibiotic release had continued for three days, while PL growth factors only for 30 minutes. The incorporated into a composite matrix vancomycin was completely released within 24 h. In vitro study of the functionalized composite samples showed growth delay of the Staphylococcus aureus strain in dependence on antibiotic content.
Conclusion. The developed method of drug incorporation during biomimetic precipitation allowed to create target delivery system which transfer antibiotic to the bone defect.
No Butts on the Beach: Aquatic Toxicity of Cigarette Butt Leachate Chemicals
Authors: Venugopal P. Dilip , Hanna Shannon K. , Gagliano Gregory G. , Chang Hoshing W.
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Toxic pollutants leaching from littered cigarette butts (CB) raise environmental impact concerns. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to assess the environmental impacts of its tobacco regulatory actions per the US National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA). Methods: We determined the chemical constituents in CB leachate through analyses of 109 field-collected CB and literature compilation and characterized their ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. Results: One-third of the 98 identified CB leachate chemicals were very toxic
and 10% were toxic to aquatic organisms due to acute and chronic toxicity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, phthalates, nicotine and volatile organic compounds were the most hazardous CB leachate chemicals for aquatic organisms. Of the 98 CB leachate chemicals, 25 are included in
FDA's list of harmful or potentially harmful constituents in tobacco products and tobacco smoke. Conclusions: Our study quantifies CB leachate constituents, characterizes their ecological hazard and identifies chemicals of concern. Thus, it aids in evaluating the environmental impacts
of tobacco products per NEPA requirements. These results provide important information for strategies to prevent and reduce CB litter (eg, awareness programs, litter laws enforcement), thereby reducing environmental hazards from CB toxicants.
Young Adult E-cigarette Use and Retail Exposure in 6 US Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Berg Carla J , Duan Xuejing , Getachew Betelihem , Pulvers Kim , Crawford Natalie D. , Sussman Steve , Ma Yan , Jones-Harrell Carla , Henriksen Lisa
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Given the need to understand e-cigarette retail and its impact, we examined so- ciodemographic, tobacco and marijuana use, and e-cigarette retail experiences as correlates of (1) past 30-day e-cigarette use, (2) past 30-day advertising/media exposure, and (3) point-of-sale
age verification among young adults. Methods: We analyzed baseline survey data (September- December, 2018) among 3006 young adults (ages 18-34) in 6 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle) in a 2-year longitudinal study. Results: In
this sample (Mage = 24.6, 42.3% male, 71.6% white, 11.4% Hispanic), 37.7% (N = 1133) were past 30-day e-cigarette users; 68.6% (N = 2062; non-users: 66.0%, users: 72.9%) reported past 30-day e-cigarette-related advertising/media exposure. Among e-cigarette users, vape shops were
the most common source of e-cigarettes (44.7%) followed by online (18.2%). Among users, 34.2% were "almost always" asked for age verification. In multilevel logistic regression, e-cigarette use and advertising/media exposure were correlated (and both correlated with being younger). E- cigarette
use also correlated with other tobacco product and marijuana use (and being male and white). Infrequent age verification correlated with commonly purchasing e-cigarettes online (and being older and black). Conclusions: Increased efforts are needed to reduce young adult advertising/media
exposure and increase retailer compliance among retailers, particularly online and vape shops.
Cigarette Pack Structure Elements in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Erinoso Olufemi , Welding Kevin , Cohen Joanna E. , Smith Katherine
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The tobacco industry can attract consumers using appealing packaging, including pack structure. We assessed the variety of pack structure elements across select low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Between 2013 and 2017, we systematically collected
3542 packs from 14 LMICs. The selected countries represented LMICs with the greatest number of smokers. We assessed packs for 4 packaging structure elements: pack-type (hard, soft, or box), pack-shape, pack-edge, and opening-style. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the packag- ing
structure elements by country and tobacco company. Results: All 14 countries assessed had predominantly hard packs (88.3% of the total sample). We identified 5 pack-shape variants; the most common pack-shape in all countries was the rectangular non-slim pack-shape (79.2%). Straight
right-angled edge packs were the most common in 11 of the 14 countries assessed, but rounded edge packs were the most common in Turkey (58.5%). We found 9 broad categories of pack-opening styles, with the most common being the flip-top (94.5%). Conclusion: Although we found common packaging
structure elements across the 14 LMICs, we also noted diverse packaging structures. Restrictions on pack structure elements are important as these elements can contribute to the attractiveness of tobacco products.
El motor del entusiasmo en la investigación y la docencia
Authors: Acebes José Luis
Published: January 2021

Se acaban de cumplir cien años de la creación del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas o Instituto Cajal¹, del cual fue nombrado director don Santiago Ramón y Cajal, quien ocupó el cargo hasta 1934. Aunque haya pasado un siglo desde el acontecimiento, las actitudes y los principios que regían la actividad investigadora y docente de nuestro premio Nobel siguen teniendo plena vigencia. Fijémonos ahora brevemente en una de estas actitudes: su entusiasmo.
Spatio-temporal differences of sediment accumulation rate in the Lake Gościąż (Central Poland) as a response of meteorological conditions and lake basin morphometry
Authors: Fojutowski M. , Gierszewski P. , Brykała D. , Bonk A. , Błaszkiewicz M. , Kramkowski M.
Published: January 2021

Weather conditions and lake basin morphometry are of key importance in the study of sediment accumulation rate in lakes. This study aims to determine how these factors affect spatial and seasonal variations in sedimentation rate in the epilimnion and hypolimnion of Lake Gościąż. To determine sedimentation rates, six sedimentation traps were set up at different locations and depths in the lake. Weather data were obtained from a meteorological station near the lake. Furthermore, temperature in the lake water column was measured continuously, and during field work oxygenation and transparency were also measured. Seasonal changes in sediment composition were analyzed on smear slides under microscope. The study showed that sedimentation rate increased as bottom steepness increased, and that there was more sediment in the hypolimnion than the epilimnion, especially in spring and autumn. There was a clear seasonal variation in early-spring and autumn peaks in sedimentation. The obtained results were significantly dependent on bottom relief, wind and air temperature through these factors’ influence on water temperature. The results show that the sediment accumulation rate in Lake Gościąż depends on the hydrodynamic conditions, which are determined by wind speed, wind direction, water temperature, and the shape and steepness of the lake basin. The relief features of the lake bottom and its orientation relative to the prevailing wind are significant factors in the spatial differentiation in sediment accumulation rate and composition of sedimenting material. It has been shown that the lake’s shallow-water zone (littoral and sublittoral) is an important source of the material accumulated in the profundal zone. The patterns and mechanisms of the course of contemporary sedimentation in Lake Gościąż, as determined based on the conducted investigations, can be applied in the study of other lakes and in assessing the representativeness of sampling sites for laminated bottom sediments to be used in palaeo-environmental studies.
Investigating E-Servicescape Influence to Customer Response In Digital Islamic Banking
Authors: Andriani Prima , Setyorini Noni , Shibghatalloh Ahmad Hafiyyan
Published: January 2021

The mobile banking application is developed using the e-servicescape concept to create positive response in customers as application users. The objective of study is investigating the relationship between e-servicescape, trust, virtual word of mouth customer in Islamic banking. This study is quantitative approach that used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). We collected data using an online questionnaire adapted from previous research, then distributed to all Islamic banking customers in Indonesia. The sampling technique used purposive random sampling involving 158 respondents with criteria such as Islamic bank customers in Indonesia who use mobile application services. The results of the study that all hypotheses are accepted. All dimensions of e-servicescape has a positive and significat effect on e-servicescape, e-servicescape has a positive and significat effect on trust, and trust has a positive and significant effect on customer virtual word-of-mouth. This research provides theoretical and practical contributions which will also be discussed further in this paper.
Conservatism, Earnings Quality, and Stock Prices - Indonesian Evidence
Authors: Krismiaji Krismiaji , Sururi Sururi
Published: January 2021

Research aims: This research investigates the association of conservatism (both conditional and unconditional) with quality of earnings as well as with stock prices on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).Design/Methodology/Approach: The research uses a sample of 846 observations of publicly listed companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the fiscal year that ends on December 31, 2016 through 2018. Conditional conservatism is measured by using an asymmetric timeliness measure from Basu (ATMB). Net income ratio (CFO/NI) is a proxy for earnings quality whereas ratio between market value and book value (MTB) is a measure of unconditional conservatism. The data used in this study are obtained both from Indonesian Stock Exchange database, and from company annual reports.Research findings: The study finds that all companies analyzed implement conservative accounting policies and practices. Besides, quality of earnings and stock prices are negatively associated with conditional conservatism. This research also proves that stock price negatively associated with unconditional conservatism, whereas unconditional conservatism does not associated with earnings quality.Theoretical contribution/ Originality: This study enriches the existing literature about conservatism, especially in emerging market environment. Moreover, this study discusses a set of conservatism that consist of conditional and unconditional conservatism. This may give a complete picture of conservatism practices adopted by Indonesian companies.Practitioner/Policy implication: Since conservatism can solve agency cost problems, the result of this study may affect the way a company produce useful information for interest parties.Research limitation/Implication: The use of the purposive sampling method limits generalizations, because sample designs could not be assumed to characterize all companies listed on IDX.
Predicting the Risk of Complications Development during Surgical Correction of Septic Endocarditis
Authors:   Republican Specialized Center of Surgery named after academician V. Vakhidov, Aliev Sh.M. , Nazirova L.A. ,   Republican Specialized Center of Surgery named after academician V. Vakhidov, Islambekova Sh.A. ,   Republican Specialized Center of Surgery named after academician V. Vakhidov, Pahomov G.L. ,   Tashkent Medical Academy
Published: January 2021

Цель. Определить факторы риска развития острой почечной недостаточности у пациентов с септическим эндокардитом. Материал и методы. Проведено одноцентровое проспективное нерандомизированное и ретроспективное исследование, включающее 107 пациентов с септическим эндокардитом. Из них 60 мужчин (56%) и 47 женщин (44%) в возрасте в среднем 42,4±11,3 года (M±ϭ). Пациенты были распределены на две группы: I группа (n=23) – во время искусственного кровообращения (ИК) выполнялась ультрафильтрация крови (УФ) и II группа (n=84) – без применения УФ крови. Всего в анализ были включены 125 возможных факторов риска (возраст, пол, площадь поверхности тела и клинико-биохимические показатели) для прогноза острого почечного повреждения (ОПП). Факторы, демонстрировавшие статистически значимую связь с ОПП, включались в анализ для построения уравнения множественной линейной регрессии. Построение математической модели производилось по методу наименьших квадратов, с вычислением парных коэффициентов корреляции Пирсона. Результаты. В группах не было достоверного различия по длительности ИК и по продолжительности ишемии миокарда (p=0,326, p=0,464). В I группе выявлена линейная связь параметров острого почечного повреждения (ОПП) с количеством лейкоцитов по Нечипоренко (r=0,95), количеством криопреципита (r=0,69), свежезамороженной плазмы (r=0,58), объемом ультрафильтрата (r=0,68), с протеинурией (r=0,66) и с креатинином крови (r=0,67). В II группе выявлена средняя линейная связь ОПП с конечным диастолическим объемом левого желудочка (r=0,69), со скоростью клубочковой фильтрации (r=-0,51), с креатинином крови (r=0,52), с температурой ИК (r=0,42) и длительностью ИК (r=0,59). У одного пациента контрольной группы после операции развилась острая почечная недостаточность. Заключение. Гипертермия во время ИК и увеличение времени ИК повышают риск развития острой почечной недостаточности у пациентов с септическим эндокардитом. Научная новизна статьи Установлено, что гипертермия и увеличение времени искусственного кровообращения повышают риск усугубления дисфункции почек у пациентов с септическим эндокардитом. Выявлено, что с каждой единицей повышения температуры во время искусственного кровообращения риск развития повреждения почек увеличивается на 0,27 (95% ДИ:0,154-0,378; t=4,86; p<0,0001). Увеличение времени искусственного кровообращения на каждую минуту увеличивает риск повреждения почек на 0,008 при 95% ДИ (0,004-0,012), t=3,91; p=0,0005.