bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological Traits Associated with Seed Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes under Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Dhopre Pavan , Prajapati Shailendra Sagar , Tare Shivangi , Singh Parikha Prakash , Yadav Bakeshwar , Panchal Kuldeep
Published: December 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2019-20 at Sehore, Madhya Pradesh to investigate the association of yield and its related components of physiological traits in Chickpea under three sown environments. Seed yield per plant was showed significant positive association with LA & LAI at 60 days after sowing in E-I, CGR in E-III. This suggested that attributes might be utilized primarily for selection of high yielding genotypes, with yield contributing characters potentially playing a key role as selection parameters for isolating a high yield in eligible genotypes.
Effect of Zinc Fertilization on Zinc Transformations and Yield of Blakgram Grown in Inceptisols: A Case Study from India
Authors: Vishwanatha N. A. , Sridhar T. Venkata , Rani I. Usha , Chandrasekhar K.
Published: December 2022

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of zinc fertilization on zinc transformation under blakgram crop grown on Inceptisols at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during Rabi, 2021. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three main treatments of zinc levels application (0, 25 and 50 kg Zn ha-1) and five sub treatments of blackgram varieties (LBG 752, LBG 787, TBG 104, GBG 1 and PU 31) replicated three times. The various Zn fractions viz., water soluble plus exchangeable Zn (WS+EX-Zn), organically complexed Zn(OCX-Zn), amorphous sesquioxide bound Zn(AMOX-Zn), crystalline sesquioxide bound Zn(CRYOX-Zn), residual Zn(Res-Zn) and total Zn were studied during different (pod development and harvest) stages of the crop. The results of experiment showed that the WS+EX-Zn, OCX-Zn, AMOX-Zn and CRYOX-Zncontent in soil significantly increased with increased levels of Zn application. Residual Zn was dominant fraction among all zinc fraction. Further, the concentration of WS+EX-Zn and OCX-Zn of soil significantly enhanced the yield of blackgram.
Allelopathic Effects of Schima khasiana and Michelia champaca on Germination and Growth of Some Legume and Cereal Crops of North Eastern Himalayan Region
Authors: Sachan M. S. , Dey D. , Michui P. , Sachan S. K.
Published: December 2022

Allelopathic influences of Michelia champaca and Schima khasiana were tested in bioassay on two cereal crops (maize-Zea mays and paddy-Oryza sativa), and two legume food crops (rice bean- Vigna umbellata and soybean- Glycine max). The aqueous leaf extracts of fresh dried leaves of above tree species suppressed the growth of test crops. The study revealed that Michelia champaca and Schima khasiana are least toxic to germination, growth and yield of various test crops. Although, germination and growth of paddy and soybean was adversely affected by aqueous extracts of tree species, however, magnitude of toxicity was very less which is evident from the dry matter production of various test crops. Rice bean and maize have been found resistant to phytotoxicity. It is therefore; well evident from the data that maize, paddy, rice bean and soybean can be grown successfully in the proximity of Michelia champaca and Schima khasiana.
Hirschsprung’s Disease: A Review of Its Management Options
Authors: Ragab Sami N. , Almetaher Hisham A. , Eisa Ahmed A. , Hassan Hussam S. , Elhalaby Essam A.
Published: December 2022

Objectives: This article evaluates current data in literature on the definition, outcomes, and current management strategies for patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD).

Methods: Different questions about the definition, management, and outcomes of patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD) had been created. English-language articles published until 2022 had been gathered by searching Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science.

Results: 61 manuscripts had been included in this review article. The Three well known operations which had been and still available for management of HD are: Soave, Swenson, and Duhamel operations. Transanal endorectal pull-through and laparoscopically assisted Swenson pull-through procedures for Hirschsprung’s disease offer a minimally invasive alternatives to traditional open abdominal operations.

Conclusion: The outcomes of laparoscopic assisted trans-anal or complete transanal are slightly superior to other procedures.
Narcolepsy and Aeronautical Aptitude: A Case Study
Authors: Echchachoui Houda , Iloughmane Zakaria , Zerrik Meryem , Khakifa Sidi Ahmed El , Ghazi Mouna El , Smires Fahd Bennani , Satté Amal , Chemsi Mohamed
Published: December 2022

Narcolepsy is a rare chronic neurological hypersomnia, differentiated into two independent nosological entities: Type 1 and type 2 narcolepsy. Through clinical observation, the authors recall the diagnostic criteria of narcolepsy and the role of the aeronautical physician in the screening of this pathology.
Research on Engine Speed Control Based on Tuna Swarm Optimization
Authors: Guo Shu-Man , Guo Jun-Kai , Gao Yu-Guo , Guo Peng-Yan , Huang Fu-Jun a, , Wang Shi-Chang , Lou Zhi-Chao , Zhang Xu
Published: December 2022

Accurate control of engine speed can effectively improve fuel economy and comfort. Currently, the commonly used PID parameter setting methods for engine speed control include Ziegler-Nichols method and gradient method, etc. Although they have good performance in parameter setting, they still have shortcomings such as slow response to the control process and long stability time. In this paper, the tuna swarm optimization is used to adjust the PID parameters, and the optimized results are compared with the traditional setting results. The experimental results show that under the same test conditions, the response speed can be reduced by 3.2-6.2s, the maximum overshoot can be reduced by 0.5%-5%, and the maximum steady-state error can be reduced by 0.6%-0.8%.The tuna swarm optimization has an obvious effect in PID parameter optimization of engine speed control, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of other group optimization algorithms in PID parameter optimization of engine speed control.
Advances and Development in Hybrid Polymer Composite: The Way Forward
Authors: Olowokere J. A. , Akpan U. G. , Okafor J. O. , Auta S. M.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the unique and outstanding properties of hybrid polymer composite (HPC).  The various classification of HPC based on the combination of matrices, fibres and fillers in use are brought to bear. The different techniques/methods employed in the production of hybrid polymer composites, ranging from hot press to cold press are being discussed. It is paramount to note that the production process of HPC from start to finish is not without some inherent and external challenges, such as agglomeration of fibre, fillers and weak interfacial adhesion between fillers and matrices. Chemical modification of fibre was identified as one of the ways of proffering solution to this drawback. This study also presents a wide range of the application of HPC as enumerated in this work. The degradation of HPC as a result of natural and accelerated weathering conditions such as ultra violet (UV) rays, heat caused by high temperature, rain and humidity was also discussed. The durability and lifespan of these HPC can be strengthened and prolonged through the use of intumescents and other additives. All of these can help in improving the resistance of HPC to adverse weathering conditions.
Microbiological Control of Thirty Traditional Herbal Formulations Marketed in Divo City in the Center Western of Côte d’ivoire
Authors: Elisée Kporou Kouassi , Ehoulé Kroa , Emmanuel Diboh , Jean-Jacques Kouakou K. , Mathieu Kra A. K. , Joseph Djaman A.
Published: December 2022

Herbal medicinal products are widely used by the population. Unfortunately, the majority of these remedies in Côte d’Ivoire were not tested for efficacy, safety and quality. This work aims to investigate the microbial quality of some traditional herbal formulations produced and sold in      Divo city. For this study, 30 samples of liquid remedies were collected in 2017 and analyzed in the goal to check potential contaminations by pathogens. Microbial analysis was achieved according to method based on standard procedures for food safety in specific culture media. The results showed that the contamination level of yeasts and molds were evaluated between 1.3x104 to 7x105 CFU/g. The level of contamination of total coliforms, aerobic mesophilic flora and fecal streptococci varied from 1.5x104 to 7.5x105 CFU/g; 1.6x104 to 5x105 CFU/g then 1.6x104 to 4.3x105 CFU/g respectively. Nine (30%) of the samples were contaminated by total coliforms, one (3.33%) was contaminated by mesophilic aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, fourteen (46.66%) were contaminated by fecal streptococci and fourteen (46.66%) were contaminated by yeasts and fungi. Therefore, the use of these herbal remedies could generate risks of toxi-infection for consumers. It is necessary to train practitioners of traditional medicine on Good Manufacturing Practices in order to produce quality and safety herbal remedies for the market.
Updates in Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review
Authors: Fadl Ahmed Abdel Samie , Nafadi Khawlah Khled , Jastaniah Salma Zaki
Published: December 2022

Autism is a neurodevelopmental illness marked by confined repetitive behaviour, poor social interaction, and difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication. Despite advances in early detection and intervention, no therapy has yet been shown to entirely correct autism's basic symptoms. People with ASD have various strengths and challenges, as well as diverse treatment requirements, because ASD impacts each individual differently. Autism is presently treated with the majority of behavioural therapies in conjunction with pharmaceutical therapy. Behavioral intervention can reduce behavioural issues and enhance language, cognitive, adaptive, and social abilities; however, the effect is not stable and requires substantial cooperation between families, communities, and schools. Some of the medicines commonly used to treat anxiety, ADHD symptoms, compulsions, and other repeated behaviours, as well as mood instability, irritability, aggression, and sleep problems, are antidepressants, stimulants, antipsychotics, alpha agonists, and anticonvulsants. The relevance of pharmaceutical therapy for ASD-related co-morbid disorders grows with age. These medications, which include stimulants and antipsychotics, are critical in the clinical management of ASD patients. However, when the genes causing the ASD are known and the neurobiology and prospective targeted treatments were investigated to restore the neurobiological defects at least in animal models, the development of targeted medicines for subgroups of ASD has led to numerous recent successes in patients, as reported here.
Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Vernonia amygdalina
Authors: Jarmai Adamu Hassan , Sheikh Abdullahi Mohammed , Onyiche ThankGod E. , Yunus Harun , Aji Mustapha Abba , Umar Sadiya Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Aims: Crude methanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina was evaluated to determine its bioactive constituents, the antimicrobial properties, measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against some selected bacterial organisms.

Place and Duration of Study: The investigation was carried out at University of Maiduguri in Borno State, Nigeria. The herb obtained from Lake Chad Research Institute were identified and validated by the department of Forestry and wild life, Mohammet Lawan College of Agriculture (MOLCA) in Maiduguri, Borno State.

Methodology: Crude methanolic leaf extraction of the plant, qualitative phytochemical screening, antimicrobial sensitivity against some disease-causing organisms, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were carried out.

Results: Phytochemical screening of V. amygdalina leaves extract revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoid, carbohydrates and cardiac glycosides. The antimicrobial sensitivity shows P. aeruginosa, had the highest sensitivity with effect at all concentrations (26 mm at 1000 mg/ml), the lowest against Salmonella typhi were 9 mm at 1000 mg/ml and 7 mm at 200 mg/ml, while the highest were 17 mm at 400 mg/ml and 14 mm at 200 mg/ml. When tested at all concentrations (200-1000 mg/ml), S. aureus, S. pyogenes, B. subtilis, Corynebacteria species, and K. pneumonia showed greater sensitivity than Salmonella typhi but less sensitivity to P. aeruginosa. Based on the outcomes of the MIC and MBC results, S. aureus was found to be sensitive to the extract at 100 and 200 mg/ml, while P. aeruginosa was found to have the highest sensitivity to the extract at all concentrations (25-200 mg/ml) with the exception of 12.5 mg/ml of the extract.

Conclusion: The study highlighted the antimicrobial effects of V. amygdalina leave extracts on some pathogens thereby verifying the traditional healer’s claim.  Also, it was concluded that the extract of V. amygdalina contained pharmacologically active phytochemicals which could be responsible for the numerous medicinal properties exhibited by the plant leaf extract.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of Mimosa pudica Leaf Extract and its Combination Treatment with Potassium Aluminum Sulphate on Some Bacteria
Authors: Chima Nwekeala , Amadi Lawrence O. , Ugboma C. J.
Published: December 2022

Mimosa pudica is a famous ornamental plant commonly known as sleeping grass, sensitive plant, humble plant, shy plant and touch-me not, among other names. The study was aimed at determining the antibacterial activity of Mimosa pudica extract in combination with alum. The plant was obtained, identified, prepared and extracted using both aqueous and methanolic medium. The extracts were reconstituted to final concentration of 250g/ml, 125g/ml, 62.5g/ml (w/v). The bacterial isolates identified were; Pseudomonas aeruginosa NC002516, Staphylococcus aureus FR821779 and Escherichia coli CP031892.1 obtained from wound source at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and maintained in stock culture and were further confirmed using biochemical and molecular methods. In-vitro bioactivity of various concentrations of the extracts and in combination with alum were evaluated by measuring diameter of inhibition zones. From the bioassay, the combinations of the aqueous extract and alum demonstrated the highest inhibitory potential; (26.00±0.00mm) at 250g/ml for Staphylococcus aureus FR821779 and the least antibacterial effect was recorded in the consortium extract for Staphylococcus aureus FR821779; (13.00±0.00mm) at same concentration compared with other bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). The result obtained showed that all the treatments and combination treatments recorded MIC at 0.50g/ml for all the bacteria studied.  The composition in percentage of the various phytochemicals were as follows: Flavanoid, 7.96±1.17%, Alkaloid, 9.85±0.21%, Saponin, 7.34±0.35% and Total-phenol, 1.63±0.00%. Alkaloids (9.85±0.21%) had the highest concentrations in the extracts while Total-phenol (1.63±0.00%) was the least in concentration.  This study has been able to ascertain the sensitivity profiles of Mimosa pudica leaf extracts and its combination treatment with potassium aluminium sulphate (Alum) on some microbes specifically S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa.
What Is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
Authors: Marcus Revital
Published: December 2022

This JAMA Patient Page describes the neurological disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Szuhany Kristin L. , Simon Naomi M.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Anxiety disorders have a lifetime prevalence of approximately 34% in the US, are often chronic, and significantly impair quality of life and functioning.

Observations

Anxiety disorders are characterized by symptoms that include worry, social and performance fears, unexpected and/or triggered panic attacks, anticipatory anxiety, and avoidance behaviors. Generalized anxiety disorder (6.2% lifetime prevalence), social anxiety disorder (13% lifetime prevalence), and panic disorder (5.2% lifetime prevalence) with or without agoraphobia are common anxiety disorders seen in primary care. Anxiety disorders are associated with physical symptoms, such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Brief screening measures applied in primary care, such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7, can aid in diagnosis of anxiety disorders (sensitivity, 57.6% to 93.9%; specificity, 61% to 97%). Providing information about symptoms, diagnosis, and evidence-based treatments is a first step in helping patients with anxiety. First-line treatments include pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, eg, sertraline) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs, eg, venlafaxine extended release) remain first-line pharmacotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Meta-analyses suggest that SSRIs and SNRIs are associated with small to medium effect sizes compared with placebo (eg, generalized anxiety disorder: standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.55 [95% CI, −0.64 to −0.46]; social anxiety disorder: SMD, −0.67 [95% CI, −0.76 to −0.58]; panic disorder: SMD, −0.30 [95% CI, −0.37 to −0.23]). Cognitive behavioral therapy is the psychotherapy with the most evidence of efficacy for anxiety disorders compared with psychological or pill placebo (eg, generalized anxiety disorder: Hedges g = 1.01 [large effect size] [95% CI, 0.44 to 1.57]; social anxiety disorder: Hedges g = 0.41 [small to medium effect] [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.57]; panic disorder: Hedges g = 0.39 [small to medium effect[ [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.65]), including in primary care. When selecting treatment, clinicians should consider patient preference, current and prior treatments, medical and psychiatric comorbid illnesses, age, sex, and reproductive planning, as well as cost and access to care.

Conclusions and Relevance

Anxiety disorders affect approximately 34% of adults during their lifetime in the US and are associated with significant distress and impairment. First-line treatments for anxiety disorders include cognitive behavioral therapy, SSRIs such as sertraline, and SNRIs such as venlafaxine extended release.
Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Model to Estimate Risk of Adverse Outcomes Within 30 Days of Opioid Dispensation
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Kulkarni Vinaykumar , Jess Ed , Gilani Fizza , Eurich Dean , Simpson Scot H. , Voaklander Don , Semenchuk Michael , London Connor , Samanani Salim
Published: December 2022

Importance

Machine learning approaches can assist opioid stewardship by identifying high-risk opioid prescribing for potential interventions.

Objective

To develop a machine learning model for deployment that can estimate the risk of adverse outcomes within 30 days of an opioid dispensation as a potential component of prescription drug monitoring programs using access to real-world data.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prognostic study used population-level administrative health data to construct a machine learning model. This study took place in Alberta, Canada (from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019), and included all patients 18 years and older who received at least 1 opioid dispensation from a community pharmacy within the province.

Exposures

Each opioid dispensation served as the unit of analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Opioid-related adverse outcomes were identified from administrative data sets. An XGBoost model was developed on 2018 data to estimate the risk of hospitalization, an emergency department visit, or mortality within 30 days of an opioid dispensation; validation on 2019 data was done to evaluate model performance. Model discrimination, calibration, and other relevant metrics are reported using daily and weekly predictions on both ranked predictions and predicted probability thresholds using all data from 2019.

Results

A total of 853 324 participants represented 6 181 025 opioid dispensations, with 145 016 outcome events reported (2.3%); 46.4% of the participants were men and 53.6% were women, with a mean (SD) age of 49.1 (15.6) years for men and 51.0 (18.0) years for women. Of the outcome events, 77 326 (2.6% pretest probability) occurred within 30 days of a dispensation in the validation set (XGBoost C statistic, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.81-0.82]). The top 0.1 percentile of estimated risk had a positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 28.7, which translated to a posttest probability of 43.1%. In our simulations, the weekly measured predictions had higher positive LRs in both the highest-risk dispensations and percentiles of estimated risk compared with predictions measured daily. Net benefit analysis showed that using machine learning prediction may not add additional benefit over the entire range of probability thresholds.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that prescription drug monitoring programs can use machine learning classifiers to identify patients at risk of opioid-related adverse outcomes and intervene on high-risk ranked predictions. Better access to available administrative and clinical data could improve the prediction performance of machine learning classifiers and thus expand opioid stewardship efforts.
Tough, Bio‐disintegrable and Stretchable Substrate Reinforced with Nanofibers for Transient Wearable Electronics
Authors: Ghosh Gargi , Bag Atanu , Hanif Adeela , Meeseepong Montri , Lee Yu Rim , Lee Nae‐Eung
Published: December 2022

Research on transient wearable electronics with stretchable components is of increasing interest because of their abilities to conform seamlessly to human tissues and, more interestingly, disappear from the environment when disposed. To wear them comfortably, their component materials must be pliable, tough, stretchable, biocompatible, and disintegrable. However, most biodegradable materials are not stretchable or tough, limiting their use in transient wearable electronics. Herein, these challenges are addressed by demonstrating a biodegradable nanofiber (NF)‐reinforced water‐borne polyurethane (NFR‐WPU) with stretchability, toughness, and partial biodegradability by embedding biodegradable composite NFs of poly(glycerol sebacate): poly(vinyl alcohol) (PGS:PVA) into the WPU matrix, thus rendering its properties tunable. An optimal loading amount of NFs into the NFR‐WPU significantly enhanced the toughness by 19 times while maintaining the Young's modulus as low as 3.3 MPa. Furthermore, the NFR‐WPU substrate has very high fracture toughness and shows excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, the NFR‐WPU has a disintegration rate nine times greater than that of pristine WPU. Finally, disintegrable and stretchable triboelectric and capacitive touch sensors on the NFR‐WPU are fabricated and demonstrated for potential use in transient wearable electronics.
Accurate Magneto‐Driven Multi‐Dimensional Droplet Manipulation
Authors: Jing Xueshan , Chen Huawei , Zhang Liwen , Zhao Song , Wang Yan , Wang Zelinlan , Zhou Yu
Published: December 2022

Droplet manipulation has gradually drawn worldwide attention through diverse potential applications such as microfluidics, and medical diagnostic test. Whereas, the high‐precision liquid manipulation on an open surface that is under control at will is still a huge challenge, especially in 3D. Herein, the novel magnetic micropillars array (MMA) is developed for multi‐dimensional droplet manipulation, depending on huge symmetric bending deformation under the low magnetic field. In situ observation demonstrated the droplet's behavior and the driving force acted on the droplet is derived from these micropillar's deformation. Two modes, that are, propelling mode and rolling mode are found in horizontal transport that determined by the relative position of crest and droplets and can be transported with excellent accuracy and rapidity. The recombination of the contact liquid between droplets and micropillars occurs in swinging to dynamically adjust the length of the three‐phase contact line, which is the main reason for capture‐release behavior. Theoretical models of multi‐dimensional droplet manipulation are systematically established to demonstrate the underlying mechanism. Finally, several MMA‐based operating platforms are built to validate its feasibility in accurate 3D droplet manipulation and exhibit great potential in chemical micro‐reactions, bioassays, and the medical field.
Recent Advances in MXene‐Based Aerogels: Fabrication, Performance and Application
Authors: Wei Chunxiang , Zhang Quangang , Wang Zhen , Yang Wenjie , Lu Hongdian , Huang Zehuan , Yang Wei , Zhu Jixin
Published: December 2022

As one of the “miracle materials” in the 21st century, aerogels with ultra‐low weight and remarkable mechanical performance have emerged and shown incredible immunity to harsh working environments, attracting substantial research interests across a wide range of areas. Recently, exploitation of MXene nanosheets into aerogels represents a new research focus in the field of materials science, on account of their unique structures and outstanding properties. In this review, the aim is to provide a timely and insightful overview for the recent advances in the fabrication, performance, and application of MXene‐based aerogels. The main strategies for constructing MXene‐based aerogels, directly from MXene‐dispersion or in the presence of other functional components, are summarized. Furthermore, the desirable performance of MXene‐based aerogels and their related applications in the areas including electromagnetic management, sensors, solar steam generators, and energy storage are highlighted. A thorough investigation and comparison of their mechanical, electrical, sensing, and other properties are performed to understand the structure‐property relationships. At last, this study is concluded with summary and outlook section on the future development as well as challenges that remained, thus bringing new research opportunities for the material engineering and functional application of MXene‐based aerogels.
Phase‐Separated Liposomes Hijack Endogenous Lipoprotein Transport and Metabolism Pathways to Target Subsets of Endothelial Cells In Vivo
Authors: Arias‐Alpizar Gabriela , Papadopoulou Panagiota , Rios Xabier , Pulagam Krishna Reddy , Moradi Mohammad‐Amin , Pattipeiluhu Roy , Bussmann Jeroen , Sommerdijk Nico , Llop Jordi , Kros Alexander , Campbell Frederick
Published: December 2022

Plasma lipid transport and metabolism are essential to ensure correct cellular function throughout the body. Dynamically regulated in time and space, the well‐characterized mechanisms underpinning plasma lipid transport and metabolism offers an enticing, but as yet underexplored, rationale to design synthetic lipid nanoparticles with inherent cell/tissue selectivity. Herein, a systemically administered liposome formulation, composed of just two lipids, that is capable of hijacking a triglyceride lipase‐mediated lipid transport pathway resulting in liposome recognition and uptake within specific endothelial cell subsets is described. In the absence of targeting ligands, liposome‐lipase interactions are mediated by a unique, phase‐separated (“parachute”) liposome morphology. Within the embryonic zebrafish, selective liposome accumulation is observed at the developing blood‐brain barrier. In mice, extensive liposome accumulation within the liver and spleen – which is reduced, but not eliminated, following small molecule lipase inhibition – supports a role for endothelial lipase but highlights these liposomes are also subject to significant “off‐target” by reticuloendothelial system organs. Overall, these compositionally simplistic liposomes offer new insights into the discovery and design of lipid‐based nanoparticles that can exploit endogenous lipid transport and metabolism pathways to achieve cell selective targeting in vivo.
Clear‐Box Machine Learning for Virtual Screening of 2D Nanozymes to Target Tumor Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Gao Xuejiao J. , Yan Jun , Zheng Jia‐Jia , Zhong Shengliang , Gao Xingfa
Published: December 2022

Targeting tumor hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with catalytic materials has provided a novel chemotherapy strategy against solid tumors. Because numerous materials have been fabricated so far, there is an urgent need for an efficient in silico method, which can automatically screen out appropriate candidates from materials libraries for further therapeutic evaluation. In this work, adsorption‐energy‐based descriptors and criteria are developed for the catalase‐like activities of materials surfaces. The result enables a comprehensive prediction of H2O2‐targeted catalytic activities of materials by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. To expedite the prediction, machine learning models, which efficiently calculate the adsorption energies for 2D materials without DFT, are further developed. The finally obtained method takes advantage of both interpretability of physics model and high efficiency of machine learning. It provides an efficient approach for in silico screening of 2D materials toward tumor catalytic therapy, and it will greatly promote the development of catalytic nanomaterials for medical applications.
Fine‐Tuned Ultra‐Microporous Metal–Organic Framework in Mixed‐Matrix Membrane: Pore‐Tailoring Optimization for C2H2/C2H4 Separation
Authors: Xu Tong , Zhang Panpan , Cui Fengchao , Li Jiantang , Kan Liang , Tang Baobing , Zou Xiaoqin , Liu Yunling , Zhu Guangshan
Published: December 2022

Effective separation of ethyne from ethyne/ethylene (C2H2/C2H4) mixtures is a challenging and crucial industrial process. Herein, an ultra‐microporous metal–organic framework (MOF) platform, Cd(dicarboxylate)2(ditriazole), with triangular channels is proposed for high‐efficiency separation of C2H2 from C2H4. The targeted structures are constructed via a mixed‐ligand strategy by selecting different‐sized ligands, allowing for tunable pore sizes and volumes. The pore properties can be further optimized by additional modification via pore environment tailoring. This concept leads to the successful synthesis of three ultra‐microporous Cd‐MOFs (JLU‐MOF87–89). As intended, C2H2 uptake and C2H2/C2H4 selectivity gradually increase with progressively optimizing the pore structure by adjusting ligand length and substituents. JLU‐MOF89, functionalized with methyl groups, features the most optimal pore chemistry and shows selective recognition of C2H2 over C2H4, owing to the framework–C2H2 host–guest interactions. Furthermore, JLU‐MOFs are fabricated into mixed‐matrix membranes for C2H2/C2H4 separation. C2H2 permeability and C2H2/C2H4 permselectivity are substantially enhanced by ≥400% and ≥200%, respectively, after hybridization of JLU‐MOF88 and JLU‐MOF89 with a polyimide polymer (6FDA–ODA). These membranes can work efficiently and are stable under different conditions, demonstrating their potential in actual ethyne separation.
Reconfigurable Electrical Networks within a Conductive Hydrogel Composite
Authors: Ohm Yunsik , Liao Jiahe , Luo Yichi , Ford Michael J. , Majidi Carmel
Published: December 2022

Soft materials that exhibit compliance, programmability, and reconfigurability can have a transformative impact as electronic skin for applications in wearable electronics/soft robotics. There has been significant progress in soft conductive materials; however, achieving electrically controlled and reversible changes in conductivity and circuit connectivity remains challenging. To overcome this limitation, a soft material architecture with reconfigurable conductive networks of silver flakes embedded within a hydrogel matrix is presented. The conductive networks can be reversibly created/disconnected through various stimuli, including current, humidity, or temperature. Such stimuli affect electrical connectivity of the hydrogel by controlling its water content, which can be modulated by evaporation under ambient conditions (passive dehydration), evaporation through electrical Joule heating (active dehydration), or absorption of additional water (rehydration). The resulting change in electrical conductivity is reversible and repeatable, endowing the composite with on‐demand reconfigurable conductivity. To highlight this material's unique properties, it is shown that conductive traces can be reconfigured after severe damage and revert to lower conductivity after rehydration. Additionally, a quadruped robot is demonstrated that can respond to stimuli by changing direction following exposure to excess water, thereby achieving reprogrammable locomotion behaviors.
Ultra‐Narrowband Near‐Infrared Responsive J‐Aggregates of Fused Quinoidal Tetracyanoindacenodithiophene
Authors: He Qiao , Basu Aniruddha , Cha Hyojung , Daboczi Matyas , Panidi Julianna , Tan Luxi , Hu Xiantao , Huang Chi Cheng , Ding Bowen , White Andrew J. P. , Kim Ji‐Seon , Durrant James R. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Heeney Martin
Published: December 2022

Narrowband photoresponsive molecules are highly coveted in high‐resolution imaging, sensing, and monochromatic photodetection, especially those extending into the near‐infrared (NIR) spectral range. Here, a new class of J‐aggregating materials based on quinoidal indacenodithiophenes (IDTs) that exhibit an ultra‐narrowband (full width half maxima of 22 nm) NIR absorption peak centered at 770 nm is reported. The spectral width is readily tuned by the length of the solubilizing alkyl group, with longer chains resulting in significant spectral narrowing. The J‐aggregate behavior is confirmed by a combination of excited state lifetime measurements and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements. Their utility as electron‐transporting materials is demonstrated in both transistor and phototransistor devices, with the latter demonstrating good response at NIR wavelengths (780 nm) over a range of intensities.
A pH‐Activatable Copper‐Biomineralized Proenzyme for Synergistic Chemodynamic/Chemo‐Immunotherapy against Aggressive Cancers
Authors: Li Ting , Zhang Ying , Zhu Jie , Zhang Fangrui , Xu An'an , Zhou Tian , Li Yaoqi , Liu Ming , Ke Hengte , Yang Tao , Tang Yong'an , Tao Jing , Miao Liyan , Deng Yibin , Chen Huabing
Published: December 2022

Artificial enzymes have demonstrated therapeutic benefits against diverse malignant tumors, yet their antitumor potencies are still severely compromised by non‐selective catalysis, low atomic‐utilization efficiency, and undesired off‐target toxicity. Herein, it is reported that peroxidase‐like biomineralized copper (II) carbonate hydroxide nanocrystals inside single albumin nanocages (CuCH‐NCs) act as a pH‐activatable proenzyme to achieve tumor‐selective and synergistic chemodynamic/chemo‐immunotherapy against aggressive triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs). These CuCH‐NCs show pH‐sensitive Cu2+ release, which spontaneously undergoes glutathione (GSH)‐mediated reduction into Cu+ species for catalyzing the evolution of H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in a single‐atom‐like manner to cause chemodynamic cell injury, and simultaneously activates non‐toxic disulfiram to cytotoxic complex for yielding selective chemotherapeutic damage via blocking cell proliferation and amplifying cell apoptosis. CuCH‐NCs exhibit considerable tumor‐targeting capacity with deep penetration depth, thus affording preferable efficacy against orthotopic breast tumors through synergistic chemodynamic/chemotherapy, together with good in vivo safety. Moreover, CuCH‐NCs arouse distinct immunogenic cell death effect and upregulate PD‐L1 expression upon disulfiram combination, and thus synergize with anti‐PD‐L1 antibody to activate adaptive and innate immunities, together with relieving immunosuppression, finally yielding potent antitumor efficacy against both primary and metastatic TNBCs. These results provide insights into smart and high‐performance proenzymes for synergistic therapy against aggressive cancers.
Computationally Guided DIW Technology to Enable Robust Printing of Inks with Evolving Rheological Properties
Authors: Lopez‐Donaire Maria Luisa , de Aranda‐Izuzquiza Gonzalo , Garzon‐Hernandez Sara , Crespo‐Miguel Javier , Fernandez‐de la Torre Miguel , Velasco Diego , Garcia‐Gonzalez Daniel
Published: December 2022

Soft multifunctional materials allow for mechanical sensing or actuation as a response to multiple physical stimuli, while providing material stiffness that mimic soft biological tissues (≈1–10 kPa). One of the main bottlenecks in the state of the art relates to the difficulty for manufacturing complex shapes when using inks whose properties significantly change over the printing time. To overcome this issue, the implementation of a hybrid (theoretical‐experimental) framework that allows optimal printability of time‐dependent viscosity inks by using the direct ink writing technology. Although the rheological properties of the ink vary during printing time, a combination of theoretical and experimental methods provides evolving printing conditions that ensure efficient and robust printability over the process. The method removes the need of introducing additives to the ink. To enable this technology, an in‐house printer that provides flexibility to modulate the extrusion pressure over printing time is developed. The method is validated by manufacturing magnetorheological elastomers and conductive soft materials for specific bioengineering and soft electronics applications.
Strongly Anisotropic Quasi‐1D BaTiS3 Chalcogenide Perovskite for Near‐Infrared Polarized Photodetection
Authors: Yang Feifan , Li Kanghua , Fan Mingzhi , Yao Wendian , Fu Liuchong , Xiong Changying , Jiang Shenglin , Li Dehui , Xu Ming , Chen Chao , Zhang Guangzu , Tang Jiang
Published: December 2022

One‐dimensional (1D) crystal‐structural materials have attracted extensive attention for polarization detection because of the strong anisotropy. Barium titanium sulfide (BaTiS3), a quasi‐1D chalcogenide perovskite, demonstrates a great potential for polarization detection stemming from the giant optical anisotropy. Whereas, the photoelectric properties of BaTiS3 and its direct application in polarized photodetector are less studied. Herein, quasi‐1D BaTiS3 is introduced in polarized photodetection for the first time. The needle‐like BaTiS3 single crystals are successfully prepared by a modified chemical vapor transport process. The BaTiS3 single crystal demonstrates a narrow bandgap of 0.8 eV, an n‐type intrinsic conductivity, and a more than 300 cm2 V−1 s−1 mobility along the c‐axis. Then, an Ag/BaTiS3/Ag photoconductive detector is fabricated. It shows a broad detection wavelength ranging from visual light to 1550 nm and high responsivity of ≈1.22 A W−1. Moreover, an orthogonal reverse property of polarization photocurrent is observed under the excitation energy of 1.70 eV and 1.96 eV. These comprehensive characteristics can promote the application of the quasi‐1D BaTiS3 in near‐infrared polarized photodetection.
Multiresponsive Dielectric Metasurfaces Based on Dual Light‐ and Temperature‐Responsive Copolymers
Authors: Zou Chengjun , Poudel Purushottam , Walden Sarah L. , Tanaka Katsuya , Minovich Alexander , Pertsch Thomas , Schacher Felix H. , Staude Isabelle
Published: December 2022

Tunability is essential for unlocking a range of practical applications of high‐efficiency metasurface‐based nanophotonic devices and systems. Increased research efforts in this area during recent years led to significant progress regarding tuning mechanisms, speed, and diverse active functionalities. However, so far almost all the demonstrated works are based on a single type of physical stimulus, thereby excluding important opportunities to enhance the modulation range of the metadevices, the available design options, as well as interaction channels between the metadevices and their environment. In this article, it is experimentally demonstrated that multi‐responsive metasurfaces can be realized by combining asymmetric, highly resonant metasurfaces with multi‐responsive polymeric materials. The respective copolymers combine light‐ and temperature‐responsive comonomers in an optimized ratio. This work demonstrates clearly reversible light‐responsive, temperature‐responsive, and co‐responsive tuning of the metasurface optical resonance positions at near‐infrared wavelengths, featuring maximum spectral resonance shifts of nearly twice the full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum and accompanied by more than 60% absolute modulation in transmittance. This work provides new design freedom for multifunctional metadevices and can potentially be expanded to other types of copolymers as well. Furthermore, the studied hybrid multiresponsive systems are promising candidates for multi‐dimensional sensing applications.
Hybrid Nanogels‐Based Printable Tattoos Inspired by Lady Costume from Tang Dynasty for Monitoring Solar UV Radiation
Authors: Hu Neng , Gao Di , Cai Xin , Lei Lin , Wang Weijia , Fan Huiqing , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Zhong Qi
Published: December 2022

Inspired by the lady costume from Tang Dynasty, printable tattoos are prepared from hybrid nanogels to monitor ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunshine. The hybrid poly(di(ethyleneglycol) methylether methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) methylethermethacrylate) nanogels containing graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets, abbreviated as hybrid P(MA‐co‐MA300)/g‐C3N4 nanogels, are prepared by precipitation polymerization. Due to the excellent photocatalysis of the g‐C3N4 nanosheets, the dyed hybrid nanogels can be rapidly photodegraded under sunshine. Based on the linear correlation between the discoloration of dyed hybrid nanogels and the dose of solar radiation, the UV radiation from sunshine can be simply monitored by checking the color in real‐time. By applying different types of dyes, the hybrid nanogels even can be used to trace the dose for the synthesis of vitamin D, induction of erythema and risk of skin cancer simultaneously. Favored by the stickiness of acrylate‐based polymers, the hybrid nanogels can be printed to the body as tattoos to realize decoration and UV detection. By simply switching the template for printing, the tattoo patterns can be easily changed according to personal interests and applied position on the human body. Therefore, the present hybrid nanogels can be a promising candidate to monitor the solar radiation dose and decorate the human body.
Facile Preparation Strategy of Novel Carbon Dots with Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Characteristics
Authors: Ding Liu , Jin Xilang , Gao Yuchong , Wu Jinlong , Ai Taotao , Zhou Hongwei , Chen Xinyu , Zhang Xinyu , Chen Weixing
Published: December 2022

As one of the most promising fluorescent nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) are extensively studied. Nevertheless, one‐pot synthesis methods for CDs with both dual emission aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) could lead to significant breakthrough in extensive application fields. Herein, a new class of CDs (E‐CCDs) with reversible luminescence (blue dissolved fluorescence and red AIE) and RTP behavior is obtained with an eco‐friendly, low‐cost one‐pot solvothermal method. E‐CCDs exhibit dual fluorescence emission at 460 (Em‐1) and 600 nm (Em‐2), which is related to different emission centers. The addition of cyanic acid enhances the RTP behavior with a lifetime of 1.17 s, which lasts for ≈9 s to the naked eye. Based on the unique fluorescence and phosphorescence characteristics of CDs, E‐CCDs can be potentially used for fingerprint detection and information encryption.
A Mutual Coupling Theory for Arbitrarily Distributed Trimeric Localized Surface Plasmonic Particles
Authors: Chen Yu , Fu Tao , Zhou Ziquan , Wang Daofan , Deng Zilan , Yang Ziqiang , An Yinbing , Li Haiou
Published: December 2022

Coupled mode theory (CMT) is widely used to analyze the coupling relationship of plasmons and metasurfaces. However, some details involving coupled structures remain obscure. Herein, the coefficients in CMT are properly defined to solve the problems of inaccurate fitting from two particles to three or more. The proposed improved coupled mode theory (i‐CMT) can perfectly express both the amplitude and phase of transmission curve of dimeric and trimeric mutual coupled systems. A surface plasmonic structure containing multiple metallic spiral structures is fabricated to experimentally verify the accuracy of the i‐CMT. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical and simulated values, proving the feasibility of using the i‐CMT to analyze and design asymmetric coupled devices. Moreover, the application of the i‐CMT confirms the presence of additional coupling terms in three or more coupled objects, making the calculation of eigenfrequency more accurate.
THz Response of Charge Carriers in Nanoparticles: Microscopic Master Equations Reveal an Unexplored Equilibration Current and Nonlinear Mobility Regimes
Authors: Quick Michael T. , Wach Quentin , Owschimikow Nina , Achtstein Alexander W.
Published: December 2022

Herein, the THz mobility of charge carriers in low‐dimensional semiconductors based on a density matrix approach involving master equations for population and polarization dynamics is modeled. Pulsed THz fields induce intraband transitions between quantized subband states, creating polarization and subsequent charge transport that governs the electron mobility. It is shown that an equilibration current emerges—a purely quantum mechanical contribution understood via the Ehrenfest theorem in 1D—reshaping the low‐frequency mobility. Apart from thermal population, the results further demonstrate that the frequency‐dependent mobility becomes THz field strength and spectrum, as well as pulse width and chirp dependent, already at moderate THz probe fields of 1 kV cm−1, e.g., for 1D CdSe or GaAs nanostructures. The parametric nature of the underlying master differential equations for polarization and population, driving the intraband conductivity, results in a nonlinear, third‐order mobility and susceptibility, causing a nontrivial field dependence as well as power broadening even at moderate field strength. The obtained results are in good agreement with experiments. The observed high nonlinearities strongly impact the design and interpretation of THz charge carrier mobility experiments and further allow applications like coherent control, frequency mixing, or synthesis through a field‐controlled nonlinearity or high harmonics generation, especially interesting for future 6G telecommunication.
Diastereoselective Access to cis‐1,4‐Disubstitued Tetrahydro‐γ‐carbolines via a [Cp*RhCl2]2‐Catalyzed Formal [3+3]‐Cycloaddition
Authors: Xing Siyang , Gao Tingxuan , Jin Changkun , Dong Hongguo , Shao Xueying , Wang Kui , Zhu Bolin
Published: December 2022

A [Cp*RhCl2]2‐catalyzed formal [3+3]‐cycloaddition involving sequential ring opening of aziridines initiated by C−H activation and Michael addition has been developed for the construction of cis‐1,4‐disubstitued tetrahydro‐γ‐carbolines. The advantages of this strategy include broad substrate scope, excellent cis‐diastereoselectivities, highly functionalized products, and mild conditions.

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