bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os caminhos da etnografia: linhagens antropológicas e processos de subjetivação em campo
Authors: Pereira Amanda Gomes
Published: April 2024

Ao seguir o percurso de uma tradição antropológica inspirada pelo espírito da etnografia – e por considerá-la a base ética e epistemológica da Antropologia, central o processo de construção desse campo científico –, o intuito deste artigo foi destacar os processos de elaboração de um olhar antropológico caudatário dos estudos urbanos. Nesse aspecto, o trabalho de campo e o texto etnográfico se inserem em um devir, um fluxo, em que teias de relações se estabelecem de maneira criativa a partir de dinâmicas de reconhecimento, bem como de reflexos especulares. Em processos espirais de intersubjetividades, que se encontram em relações vivenciadas em campo, um brilho do olhar constrói pontes, aparentemente intransponíveis, borrando fronteiras simbólicas. Nessa formação de subjetividades, relacionalmente, os corpos – principalmente os delineados nas margens – ocupam um papel protagonista. Gênero, corpos e sexualidades se entrelaçam na busca pela compreensão da ampliação sobre o humano. Desse modo, o objetivo foi demonstrar a importância da etnografia para a consolidação de um campo de saber cujos caminhos de aproximação do outro, sujeitos e sujeitas inseridos em determinado contexto social, revelam a apreensão e a construção de conhecimentos – abertos ao inesperado, ao inacabado e ao imponderável da vida.
Por um pensamento Laklãnõ
Authors: Virgilio Jefferson
Published: April 2024

A proposta deste artigo é sintetizar a produção acadêmica que foi produzida pelo povo Laklãnõ nos últimos vinte anos para permitir aos leitores e leitoras um contato privilegiado com outro modo de pensar, distante daquele produzido pela ciência ocidental e europeia. O artigo busca revelar os pontos mais característicos e recorrentes desta produção autóctone para argumentar um particular modo de relação com o outro.
Exploring Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Swift Legume Disease Detection
Authors: Cho Ok-Hue , Na In Seop , Koh Jin Gwang
Published: April 2024

Background: In the realm of agriculture, the insidious menace of legume crop diseases looms large, posing a significant threat to food security. This study embarks on a transformative journey, harnessing the prowess of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), to fortify early disease detection in legume crops. By utilizing the inherent capabilities of deep learning, try to develop a sentinel that can identify even the most minor signs of crop diseases. Thorough data curation and preprocessing provide the system the ability to examine photos of legume leaves with previously unheard-of clarity. Methods: Meticulously crafted, the CNN architecture plays the role of a virtuoso, skilfully traversing the convolutional layers. It gains proficiency in the complex language of illness-induced aberrations via intense training, enabling it to discern between health and illness. Result: Provide remarkable results from the experimental experience using a wide range of assessment metrics. By undertaking this project, the commitment to preserving agricultural yields and, consequently, global food security is reaffirmed. It portends a more optimistic future for legume farming by indicating a ground-breaking effort at the nexus of artificial intelligence and agriculture.
Systematic Review of International Student Mobility in Higher Education
Authors: Cankaya Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of the educational sciences and social sciences literature about international student mobility that was published in the Web of Science database between 1997 and 2023. In the research, 550 publications that had been scanned by the WOS database were examined concerning their yearly publication counts, citation counts, publishing journals, cited authors, publishing and cited nations, fields of application, keywords employed, and article themes. Every article was analyzed using the Vosviewer software. It was found that 530 articles were published in the English language in terms of language of publication. The most cited articles dealt with equal chances and Erasmus student mobility. Higher education, educational mobility, and international students are the most frequently used terms in the publications, whereas distinction is the least frequently used keyword. The majority of articles on the topic are published in the Journal of Higher Education. The field of educational research published the majority of the articles. The evaluation of international student mobility in the fields of sociology, psychology, and educational administration has been rather restricted. The concept of international student mobility encompasses not only educational mobility but also movements related to social justice, inequality reduction, risk group management, and educational prestige.
The Effect of Disaster Training on Teachers Candidates' Perception of Disaster Awareness
Authors: Çelebi Celalettin , Yılmaz Özelçi Serap
Published: April 2024

Turkiye frequently experiences disasters that negatively affect human life in terms of various aspects. Therefore, teacher candidates who will teach future generations should be educated about raising disaster awareness. In this study, the effect of the disaster awareness training given by AFAD on the disaster perceptions, and awareness levels of teacher candidates were studied. In the research convenience sampling method was adopted. 58 teacher candidates, 44 females and 14 males, participated in the study which was designed in the “Single Group Pre-Test - Post-Test” model. Teacher candidates took disaster training for 12 hours in two courses. After the training, there was a partial increase in disaster awareness levels. However, the results showed that having received disaster training before or having experienced a disaster did not make a significant difference in disaster awareness. A disaster education course, including practice, can be integrated into undergraduate programs of education faculties.
The transition to a multicultural and immigrant nation: Education policy implications from Singapore and the UK
Authors:   Korean Comparative Education Society, Park Heejin
Published: April 2024

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is exploring the direction of multicultural education policy for the “new us” in Korean society, which is in the process of transitioning into a multicultural and immigrant nation.
[Methods]This study collected policy cases from the UK and Singapore and derived implications to achieve the research purposes. As a country located in Asia, Singapore is a meaningful case in that it has incorporated a multicultural society into its national identity since the beginning of its founding, while the UK has been experiencing changes in national identity due to the large-scale influx of immigrants.
[Results] First, the Singapore government is continuously making efforts to implement civic education suitable for a multicultural society. Emphasizing the role of public education, efforts are being made to establish individuals’ identity that encompasses cultural, national, and global civic identity. Second, in the UK, diversification is accelerating, and a huge budget is being invested to support youth competency development. It approached youth's social competency, social inclusiveness, and social participation in an integrated manner rather than treating them as different areas or approaching them from a fragmented perspective.
[Conclusion]Multicultural education policy is not a policy for immigrants, but rather a core education for all youth, and to implement it cooperatively at the governmental level. It is important to realize that the reason the British government was able to secure a large scale budget, enact laws and reorganize the system, and collaborate among ministries was because it recognized that multicultural education should be a priority for the country. This is why it is important to navigate the new direction for multicultural education policy for South Korea in the era of the transition to a multicultural and immigrant country.
A Study on the Contents Articulation of the Moral Education Curriculum in Japan
Authors:   Korean Comparative Education Society, Jun Sung Eun
Published: April 2024

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to analyze the sequence of Japan's 2017 revised elementary school learning guidance explanation “Special Subject Moral Education”.
[Methods] In order to achieve this purpose, we presented criteria for systematic analysis from the perspective of connection-disconnection through analysis of existing previous research, and then analyzed Japanese content items in “Special Subject Moral Education”.
[Results] The main research results show that Japan most often uses the expansion-deepening method in linking content. Next, the same-deepening method was chosen, and the weakening method of lowering the level was never used. Looking at this, we can see that deepening is more important than expansion in the learning process.
[Conclusion] Considering that the type of linkage appears differently depending on the ‘viewpoint’ corresponding to the ‘area’ in Korea, it can be considered that when Korea revises the curriculum in the future, it will be necessary to set the type of linkage by considering the characteristics of the area.
Impacts of unemployment benefit program on job search duration: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Wongkaren Turro Selrits , Saragih Tarimantan Sanberto , Aninditya Flora , Siregar Chairina Hanum , Nugroho Aditya Harin , Ramdoniah Rihlah , Augustin Eldest , Fitriani Kania , Mahaganti Fergie Stevi , Febriansyah Maurizky
Published: April 2024

Purpose ― This study examines the impacts of the Unemployment Benefit Program (Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan, JKP) on the duration of job search in Indonesia using internal data sourced from the Employment Social Security Administering Agency (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Tenaga Kerja, BPJS TK).Method ― The study employs the Regression Kinked Design (RKD) model and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation method to analyze the data on laid-off workers who have received the JKP benefits.Findings ― The study finds that, on average, the JKP beneficiaries have a longer duration of job search than laid-off workers who do not receive benefits. An increase in the replacement rate of the JKP benefits is associated with an increased duration of both job search and benefit claims. The RKD plot indicates that a replacement rate lower than 45% may decrease the duration of benefit claims and job searches. Implication ― The study recommends that the government should consider two potential options: (1) maintaining the current level of monetary benefits that leads to a longer job search duration; in other words, the program management must continue providing benefits for the maximum duration offered (up to 6 months), or, (2) reducing the monetary benefits, if BPJS TK aims to reduce the job duration. The results may change if a more robust labor market information system is available.Originality ― This study represents the first attempt to investigate the impact of the Unemployment Benefit Program (JKP) on job search duration in Indonesia. It might also be important to enrich the existing literature on the impact of similar programs in developing countries and countries with large populations.
Complexes GET 17/1–KVI and GET 17/2–KVN from GET 17–2018 State Primary Standard of Dynamic and Kinematic Liquid Viscosities
Authors: Demyanov A. A.
Published: April 2024

Viscosity is the most important property of liquid medium, determining the quality, as well as the possibility of their processing and transportation. Viscosity measurements are performed in many industries to control technological processes in which viscosity is one of the controlled parameters of the final product. Accuracy of viscosity measurements is also necessary in medicine and biology to organize research for new materials.

This review article raises issues of measuring liquid viscosity using the capillary method, reveals the factors and reasons justifying the emergence of the capillary method as the main method of high-precision measurements used in many countries.

The author describes two standard complexes from GET 17–2018 State Primary Standard of Dynamic and Kinematic

Liquid Viscosities. The first is EK GET 17/1-KVI designed for reproducing, storing, and transmitting a unit of kinematic viscosity in the temperature range from 20 to 40 °C. The second is EK GET 17/2-KVN designed for reproducing, storing, and transmitting a unit of kinematic viscosity in the temperature ranges from –40 to +20 °C and from 40 to 150 °C. The focus is on the operating principle and main metrological characteristics of these reference complexes, as well as the results of international key comparisons involving them.

In the future, the research materials may influence the development vector of means and methods for measuring liquid viscosity.
Statistical classifier for determining the localization area of oncopathology using a blood test
Authors: Gavrikov Boris Mikhailovich , Gavrikov Mikhail Borisovich , Lebedenko Irina Matveevna , Pesryakova Nadezhda Vladimirovna
Published: April 2024

A mathematical approach is described that makes it possible to determine the location of the tumor based on the analysis of peripheral blood of a cancer patient. A statistical classifier developed by the authors is used for the preliminary diagnosis, based on polynomial regression and having probabilistic estimates. The classifier was trained on peripheral blood databases of male cancer patients in seven different body systems. A method for studying the structure of the training set is proposed and implemented.
Teknolojik Gelişmenin İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkisi: G-20 Örneği
Authors: Uğur Burak
Published: April 2024

Teknolojik gelişmenin istihdam üzerindeki etkisi teorik ve ampirik literatürde çok tartışmalı bir husustur. Teknolojik gelişmenin istihdamı arttırdığı, azalttığı ve etkilemediği sırasıyla iyimser, kötümser ve dengeleyici görüşler olarak teoride isimlendirilmektedir. Ampirik literatürde ise teknolojik gelişmenin istihdam üzerindeki etkisine yönelik ortak bir görüş bulunmamaktadır. 2008 küresel krizin ardından oluşan istihdamdaki istikrarsızlıklar günümüzde de devam etmektedir. G-20 ülkeleri bakımından gerçekleştirilen bir araştırma dünya ekonomisi bakımından önemli fikirler sunmaktadır. Bu olgulardan hareketle G-20 ülkelerinde teknolojik gelişmenin istihdam üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi çok önemlidir.
Araştırmada, G-20 üyesi ekonomiler için 1996-2021 seneleri arasında teknolojik gelişmenin uzun dönemde istihdam üzerindeki etkisi panel eşbütünleşme yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma, verisi elde edilebilen 13 G-20 ekonomisini kapsamaktadır. Analizler sonucu ulaşılan bulgular, G-20 ülke grubunda teknolojik gelişimin istihdamı etkilemediğini yansıtmıştır. Bu bulgular, G-20 ekonomilerinin istihdamlarını artırabilmeleri için teknolojik gelişimin önemli bir rolü olmadığı ve dengeleyici görüşü destekleyici niteliktedir.
What are the perspectives of nutrition academic researchers in projects with the food industry?
Authors:   Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food  Sciences, Institute of  Nutrition, University of  Debrecen,  4032 Debrecen, Hungary, L Martins Mayara ,   MBA em Gestão de Projetos, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de  Queiroz", Universidade de  São Paulo (ESALQ/USP),  Av. Pádua Dias, n.º 235,  CEP 13418-900,  Piracicaba, São Paulo,  Brasil, Williams dos Santos Cleberson ,   MBA em Gestão de Projetos, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de  Queiroz", Universidade de  São Paulo (ESALQ/USP),  Av. Pádua Dias, n.º 235,  CEP 13418-900,  Piracicaba, São Paulo,  Brasil
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Collaborations in research projects between universities and the industry should be encouraged in the field of nutrition to enhance sustainable development in the sector. OBJECTIVES: To investigate patterns in the experiences of Nutrition academic researchers while working on projects with the food industry. METHODOLOGY: Academic researchers in the field of Nutrition were asked to complete an electronic questionnaire to express their interests, involvement, interdependence, influence, and potential impact in projects they have partnered with the food industry. The researchers' responses underwent thematic analysis using the latent theoretical type approach. RESULTS: Seventeen academic researchers responded to the survey, holding roles such as research group leader (23.5%, n=4), senior researcher (29.5%, n=5), Ph.D. candidate in nutrition (23.5%, n=4), and nutrition specialist (23.5%, n=4). Five themes were identified within the reports, with three of them recognized as pros: "Financial resource for research" (theme 1), "personal and professional growth" (theme 2), and "socioeconomic relevance" (theme 3), and two as cons to this partnership: "distinct priorities" (theme 4) and "lack of industry credibility" (theme 5). CONCLUSIONS: Academic researchers in the field of nutrition have identified a lack of credibility and differing priorities within the food industry as the main obstacles to conducting collaborative research projects.
Fatores que influenciam a formação de hábitos alimentares em crianças em idade pré-escolar: uma revisão narrativa da literatura
Authors:   Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém,  Quinta do Galinheiro,  2001-904 Santarém,  Portugal, Rato Bárbara , Jorge Rui ,   Escola Superior de Saúde de Leiria do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Campus 2 - Morro do  Lena, Alto do Vieiro -  Apartado 4137,  2411-901 Leiria, Portugal,   Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Polytechnic University of  Leiria, Hub de Inovação  de Saúde Politécnico de  Leiria, Campus 5,  Rua das Olhalvas,  2414-016 Leiria, Portugal,   Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior do Instituto Politécnico de  Santarém,  Av. Dr. Mário Soares, n.º 110,  2040-413 Rio Maior,  Portugal
Published: April 2024

A formação de hábitos alimentares ocorre em grande medida nos primeiros anos de vida sendo recomendada uma alimentação variada, nutricionalmente equilibrada e completa para garantir um ótimo crescimento e desenvolvimento das crianças. Esta revisão visa compreender que aspetos contribuem para a criação de hábitos alimentares em crianças em idade pré-escolar, tendo para isso recorrido à pesquisa na PubMed a partir das palavras-chave “food”, “eating habits” e “preschool child”. Vários fatores podem influenciar a formação de hábitos alimentares das crianças como são disso exemplo aspetos relacionados com os pais e os avós (e.g. idade e nível de escolaridade), ou fatores concretos como a neofobia alimentar ou a presença de doenças nessa fase do ciclo de vida. Estando os nutricionistas mais consciente dos fatores que influenciam os hábitos alimentares das crianças em idade pré-escolar, terão maior probabilidade de verdadeiramente as conseguir auxiliar e aos seus cuidadores.
Aceitação alimentar de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas e sua relação com o desenvolvimento de complicações intra- hospitalares – revisão da literatura
Authors:   Centro Universitário São Camilo, Av. Nazaré, 1501 – Ipiranga, São Paulo - SP,  04263-200, Brasil, Cristina Alves de Lima Fernanda , Silva Pinto Fernanda ,   Centro Universitário São Camilo, Av. Nazaré, 1501 – Ipiranga, São Paulo - SP,  04263-200, Brasil, Santos de Oliveira Larissa ,   Centro Universitário São Camilo, Av. Nazaré, 1501 – Ipiranga, São Paulo - SP,  04263-200, Brasil, Caroline de Carvalho Yanca ,   Centro Universitário São Camilo, Av. Nazaré, 1501 – Ipiranga, São Paulo - SP,  04263-200, Brasil
Published: April 2024

Sabe-se que pessoas idosas hospitalizadas requererem maiores cuidados durante o período de hospitalização, visto que o próprio processo de envelhecimento provoca alterações em diversos sistemas fisiológicos, com consequente redução na ingestão alimentar e massa magra. A hospitalização pode representar um fator de risco para o declínio funcional de pessoas idosas, levando essa população a apresentar maiores riscos para o desenvolvimento de quadros de desnutrição. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre a aceitação alimentar e o desenvolvimento de complicações intra-hospitalares em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas e seus impactos durante o curso do internamento. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, com análise de artigos indexados em bases de dados como Scielo e Pubmed, nos idiomas português e inglês. A desnutrição hospitalar pode ser desencadeada por diversos fatores, como baixa ingestão alimentar e doenças associadas, podendo resultar em um maior tempo de hospitalização, afetando diretamente o funcionamento do organismo e deixando-o mais suscetível à instalação de novas infeções e ao desenvolvimento de processos inflamatórios. Destacam-se diversas causas que podem interferir na ingestão alimentar, desde o sabor das refeições até a presença de patologias de base, exigindo a implementação de estratégias a fim de melhorar tal aceitação. Nota-se que esta condição ainda se apresenta como grande fator de risco durante o período de internamento, pois associa-se a um pior prognóstico em pessoas idosas. Portanto, os cuidados nutricionais devem assumir uma importante posição no processo de melhoria da qualidade de vida e do quadro de saúde de tais pacientes.
Cyclicity of katatectic layers in anhydrite caprocks, U.S. Gulf Coastal Region
Authors: Kirkland Douglas W.
Published: April 2024

An anhydrite caprock overlies 65% of the 329 onshore salt stocks of the U.S. Gulf Coastal Region, south-central U.S. The caprock consists of a succession of katatectic (downward-building) layers of anhydrite (typically 1–4 cm thick) each overlain by an upper, black pyrite lamina (∼ 0.1 mm thick). The older (upper) katatectic layers are usually highly deformed. During four stages, these fundamental layers formed at the crest of shallow (< 1,200 m) salt stocks. Repetition of sets of the stages resulted in the cyclicity.

The closed stage

A flush, nearly planar contact separated mature anhydrite caprock from an underlying salt-stock crest. As the diapir elevated by a few mm/yr, it arched the caprock; it also opened conduits at the stock’s uppermost anhydrite sheath, allowing NaCl-undersaturated water from outside the diapir to contact the salt stock.

The open-dynamic stage:

Along the perimeter of the uppermost salt stock, a narrow, annular halite cave advanced inward and upward directly below the slightly convex base of the anhydrite caprock. The most NaCl-aggressive water rose by free convection to the highest elevations and dissolved halite. The dense, solute-enhanced water then reversed direction and, again, by free convection, flowed past the stock’s margin into country rock; NaCl-undersaturated water replaced the departing brine. A water-filled, commonly ring-shaped, planar cave up to several meters high expanded over the stock’s crest. Sparse physical supports, buoyancy, arched caprock, and high artesian water pressure prevented the cave’s collapse. The cave’s halite floor dissolved vertically downward faster than it moved diapirically upward. As the crestal halite dissolved, a small amount of residual pyrite and, typically, a layer up to ∼ 10 cm thick of residual anhydrite (generally 3–8 wt % of the stocks) accumulated on the cave floor.

The open-static stage:

The persistent “attack” of halite highs by the NaCl-undersaturated water eventually caused the slope of the cave’s floor to approach horizontality. The density-driven flow slowed markedly, and a static cover of NaCl-saturated brine thwarted the dissolution of the halite floor. The downward movement of the cave’s floor reversed, and it moved slowly upward via diapirism. Concurrently, an anhydrite sheath evolved around the uppermost stock.

The accretionary stage

The cave closed in a few thousand years, and active diapirism underplated the admixed residual minerals onto the base of the caprock. The uppermost, now compact, residual anhydrite dissolved in the high-pressure environment, leaving the discrete, topmost, thin, black pyrite lamina. With the accretion of the residual minerals, a katatectic layer formed at the base of a succession of such layers. The closed stage recurred, and a new katatectic cycle began forming.

Variations of the four genetic stages probably occurred during the formation of anhydrite caprocks in other worldwide salt-dome provinces, but because of insufficient data, they are usually unrecognizable.
Influence of obesity on subgingival microbiota composition in subjects with different periodontal status: a systematic review
Authors: Alarcón-Sánchez Mario Alberto
Published: April 2024

Objective: This systematic review aimed to investigate the changes in the composition of the subgingival microbiota among subjects with normo-weight, overweight and obesity, in conditions of periodontal health and disease. Materials and Methods: The protocol for this study was designed following PRISMA guidelines. Records were identified using different search engines (PubMed/MedLine, Scopus and Web of Science). Observational studies, in human subjects diagnosed with obesity (BMI >30kg/m2) and periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis), on the analysis of subgingival microbiota were selected. Eight articles were included. Results: The subgingival microbiota of 1,229 subjects (n=894 exposure group and n=335 control group) was analyzed. Periodontal pathogens were the most common bacteria detected in subjects with obesity and periodontitis (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter gracilis, Eubacterium nodatum, Fusobacterium nucleatum spp. vincentii, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans), as along with some accessory pathogens such as: Streptococcus gordonii, and Veillonella parvula that favor the virulence of late colonizers. Conclusions: Although there are evident alterations in the composition of the subgingival microbiota in subjects with obesity and periodontitis, it is still a challenge to identify a specific pattern of microbiota in these subjects. If associations between subgingival plaque microorganisms and obesity are confirmed, microbiome analysis could be a useful tool to improve preventive measures and the management of people with obesity.
A Deep Learning Framework for Predicting the Heterogeneous Stiffness Map of Brain White Matter Tissue
Authors: Chavoshnejad Poorya , Li Guangfa , Liu Dehao , Razavi Mir Jalil
Published: April 2024

Finding the stiffness map of biological tissues is of great importance in evaluating their healthy or pathological conditions. However, due to the heterogeneity and anisotropy of biological fibrous tissues, this task presents challenges and significant uncertainty when characterized only by single-mode loading experiments. In this study, we propose a new theoretical framework to map the stiffness landscape of fibrous tissues, specifically focusing on brain white matter tissue. Initially, a finite element model of the fibrous tissue was subjected to six loading cases, and their corresponding stress-strain curves were characterized. By employing multiobjective optimization, the material constants of an equivalent anisotropic material model were inversely extracted to best fit all six loading modes simultaneously. Subsequently, large-scale finite element simulations were conducted, incorporating various fiber volume fractions and orientations, to train a convolutional neural network capable of predicting the equivalent anisotropic material properties solely based on the fibrous architecture of any given tissue. The method was applied to local imaging data of brain white matter tissue, demonstrating its effectiveness in precisely mapping the anisotropic behavior of fibrous tissue. In the long-term, the proposed method may find applications in traumatic brain injury, brain folding studies, and neurodegenerative diseases, where accurately capturing the material behavior of the tissue is crucial for simulations and experiments.
Bio-energy By-product as an Enhancer of the Biomethanation Process
Authors: Devi Jyoti Moni , Kataki Rupam
Published: April 2024

Biomethanation plays a significant role in energy generation from biodegradable wastes. It is also regarded as a feasible and effective method in food waste management. Biogas production can be enhanced by using various additives in the anaerobic digestion system. Biochar, a bio-energy by-product, is a porous, carbonaceous material produced from the thermochemical conversion of a wide variety of biomass, including agro-industrial by-products. Due to biochar’s various distinctive properties, it has numerous environmental applications, including their uses as an additive in the biomethanation process. Even though biochar prepared from different biomasses has been explored in the field of biomethanation, biochar from some feedstocks is yet to be studied. The purpose of this work is to study the CH 4 composition in the anaerobic digestion (AD) system of food waste using two different biochar, i.e., Coir-pith biochar (CPB) and mustard de-oiled cake biochar (MCB). Additionally, digestate was studied to observe the effect of biochar addition on issues like Volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation, and pH drop in the AD system. Energy dispersive X-Ray analysis of biochar revealed that MCB had more alkaline earth metals in comparison to CPB. The MCB-amended system showed an alleviation of acidification caused by the accumulation of VFAs to some extent by recovering the pH to a normal range and promoting the consumption of VFAs. Moreover, the MCB-treated system showed an average of 17.47% increase in the methane composition of biogas when compared with CPB-amended digesters. In comparison with the control treatment (CT), the results showed that MCB addition enhanced CH4% by 28.9%.
Anxiety Levels in Caregivers of Transitional ICU Patients: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Ouyang Yan , Yu Peng , Luo Li , zhan yuxin , Li suyun , Liu Min
Published: April 2024

Background: Transitional care from ICU to the ward requires the full involvement of patient caregivers. Anxiety has been confirmed as a vital factor for the health of patient caregivers and the quality of care. However, large sample studies have been rarely conducted to explore the factors for the anxiety of patient caregivers.This study was conducted to identify the anxiety level of caregivers of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) during the ICU transition period.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2022 in accordance with a Self-rating anxiety scale, Parent Perception of Uncertainty Scale-Family Member, and Care Preparedness Scale. The participants were caregivers of critically ill patients from multiple tertiary general hospitals in China.
Results: The incidence of anxiety reached 67.4% among the participants. Anxiety was predicted in accordance with the patients’ activity of daily living, the caregivers’ daily sleep time, the Parent Perception of Uncertainty Scale-Family Member, as well as the Care Preparedness Scale.
Conclusions: The level of anxiety among participants reached over the normal level. Interventions based on factors should be implemented to relieve caregivers’ anxiety.
Synthetic fuels may be a cheaper way to achieve climate-neutral aviation
Authors: Brazzola Nicoletta , Meskaldji Amir , Patt Anthony , Tröndle Tim , Moretti Christian
Published: April 2024

Mitigating the impact of aviation on climate change faces significant challenges due to growing demand and limited scalable mitigation options. As a result, direct air capture (DAC), a novel technology, may gain prominence due to its versatile applications as either an emissions offset (DACCS) or a synthetic fuel production technology (DACCU). Through a comprehensive analysis of cost-effectiveness, life-cycle emissions, energy consumption, and technology scale-up, we explore the conditions under which synthetic fuels from DACCU can become competitive with an emit-and-offset strategy. We find that DACCU is competitive with an emit-and-offset strategy once we explicitly include non-CO2 climate impacts and under favorable conditions such as low electricity and high fossil fuel prices and emissions pricing. By highlighting strategic interventions that favor these conditions and thus enhance the competitiveness of DACCU in the aviation sector, our results provide valuable insights into how policymakers could move the aviation sector away from fossil fuels.
Isolated and combined causes of equine dystocia
Authors: Ellerbrock Markus , Krohn Judith , Büttner Kathrin , Wehrend Axel
Published: April 2024

Background
Dystocia is not common in horses, but is life-threatening for both mare and foal. For this reason, veterinary research is dependent on up-to-date data for optimising dystocia management. In addition, knowledge about the prognosis of dystocia cases is necessary for providing advice to animal owners. The present retrospective study of equine dystocia is intended to enrich the existing data set with up-to-date information. For the first time, the focus is on which causes of dystocia occur alone or in combination. Over a period of 10 years, 72 cases of dystocia were analysed using a standardised, predetermined diagnosis code.
Results
Of 72 cases of dystocia, an isolated cause of dystocia was identified in 31 cases (43%) and 41 animals showed a combination of two or more causes (57%). Foetal causes were significantly more common at 95.7% (95% confidence interval = [87.8%, 99.1%]) than maternal causes at 4.4% (95% confidence interval = [0.1%, 12.2%]) (p < 0.0001). Incorrect posture of the foetal forelimbs and head was the most common combination at 22% (9/41). The most common isolated cause of dystocia was found to be the incorrect posture of the foetal forelimbs (22.6% – 7/31). A fetotomy was performed in 68% of cases of dystocia (49/72). A caesarean section or an extraction was performed in 13.9% (10/72) of the cases. No obstetric procedures were performed in 3 of 72 cases of dystocia (4.2%). These mares died before obstetric care was provided. Nine mares (12.5% – 9/72) were not discharged alive after dystocia. 73 foals were born in 72 cases of dystocia (one twin pregnancy). 55 foals were already dead before veterinary treatment began. In relation to the total number of births in which the foetus was alive at the start of obstetric care, the foetal mortality rate was 61.1% (11/18) and 88.9% (16/18) by the time the mare was discharged.
Conclusions
It has been shown for the first time that combined causes of dystocia are more common in horses than isolated causes of dystocia. Neonatal mortality remains high, meaning that the timely detection and treatment of dystocia has the highest priority.
Factors Associated with Under-5 Mortality in South-South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Airemen Iziengbe , Danat Isaac M.
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) have declined drastically globally. However, it remains high in Nigeria, with variations across the Country’s six geo-political zones. Understanding the factors associated with under-5 mortality (U5M) among lesser-explored subpopulations will inform strategies to curtail U5M. We investigated the factors associated with U5M in the south-south geopolitical zone (SSGZ) of Nigeria and population attributable risk percent (PAR%).
Method
We analysed population-based data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) for 2013 and 2018. The U5MR was determined by survival analysis, and logistic regression analysis was used in SPSS version 26.0 to calculate the Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Internals (CI) for U5M associated with various factors, while the PAR% was computed using the Levine’s formula.
Results
The under U5MR for the SSGZ was 73 deaths per 1000 live births. The adjusted logistic regression analysis model showed maternal overweight (OR = 1.39,95% CI:1.12–1.72 p < 0.05), primary education (OR = 2.18. 95%CI:1.18–4.04 p < 0.05) and secondary education (2.05 95%CI:1.13–3.72, p < 0.05) levels, male gender (OR1.22, 95%CI 1..01-1.47,p < 0.05), birth interval of two years (OR = 2.9household (09-4.09, p < 0.001), and small birth size (OR = 2.54, 95% C11.94-3.31, P < 0.001) significantly increased U5M risk, while having seven or more household members (OR = 0.73, 95%CI:0.59–0.89, p < 0.05) and 2 under-five children in the household (OR = 0.66, 95% CI;0.52–0.83, p < 0.001) were protective factors with PAR% ranging from 4.5–47.1%
Conclusion
Increased interventions on maternal weight, maternal education, low birth size, and child spacing could reduce U5M in the SSGZ of Nigeria.
Impact of two intervention methods of using Sanyrene liquid dressing on the skin microenvironment
Authors: Wang Fenfen , Chen Mianmian , Xie Xueying , Liao Bifang
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the impact of Sanyrene liquid dressing (Urgo Medical, Cremorne, Australia), either alone or in combination with silicone foam dressing, on the skin microenvironment to provide an empirical foundation for the clinical application of these interventions. This study included 48 participants. Each participant’s right arm received a combination of Sanyrene liquid dressing and silicone foam dressing, while the left arm received Sanyrene liquid dressing alone. An additional intervention was conducted after 6 h. Skin temperature, moisture, and sebum content were measured and compared before intervention and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-intervention. After the intervention, skin moisture and sebum on both sides significantly increased compared to pre-intervention levels (p<0.001). The right skin temperature post-intervention was significantly higher than that of pre-intervention (p=0.040); however, the left skin temperature did not differ significantly (p=0.584). No significant differences in skin temperature, moisture, and sebum were observed between the two arms post-intervention (p>0.05). Both intervention methods demonstrated the ability to supplement local skin moisture and sebum and can be safely reused after a certain interval. Although the use of foam dressings led to an increase in local skin temperature, the temperature elevation was deemed insufficient to risk additional damage.
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms among Bangladeshi Women: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Saha Bristi Rani , Tohan Mortuja Mahamud , Zaman Sayeeda , Moon Mymuna Islam , Islam Md. Amirul , Howlader Md. Hasan , Kundu Satyajit , Rahman Md. Ashfikur
Published: April 2024

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a severe mental condition that generally arises among women during the initial 12 months of post-delivery. Untreated PPD might be associated with negative outcomes for mothers, children, and families. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms among women in the Khulna region of Bangladesh and identify its potential associated factors.
Methods: A hospital-based quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Khulna, involving a sample size of 187 women who had given birth within the past 2-12 weeks. The sample was selected using a convenience sampling technique. The dependent variable chosen for the study was postpartum depression, which was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with a cutoff score of greater than 10. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and interdependent sample t-test were conducted to identify any mean differences of EPDS scores among sub-groups of independent variables along with binary logistic regression was done to identify the potential factors associated with increasing PPD where both univariate and multiple linear regression were done. Reliability of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was measured by using Cronbach’s alpha (0.890).
Results: The overall prevalence of PPD was found 35.3%. The findings of this study reveal a significant association between PPD and various factors. Factors such as residing in urban areas, unemployment, having more than two children, dissatisfaction in marital relationships, a history of miscarriage, complications during pregnancy, exposure to stressful life events, unplanned pregnancy, experiencing post-delivery illness, difficulties with the baby's sleeping patterns, receiving minimal to occasional emotional support from family members, lack of family support for child care, and experiencing physical violence were identified as significantly risk factors related to PPD.
Conclusion: This study reveals various factors associated with PPD that should be considered during the postpartum period of women. Based on the findings, the need for targeted interventions by healthcare providers and caregivers to support women during this critical phase of their lives is recommended. By addressing these factors, it is possible to improve the well-being of women and provide them with the necessary care during the postpartum period.
HIV-1 Pretreatment and Acquired Antiretroviral Drug Resistance before tenofovir/ /lamivudine /dolutegravir (TLD) roll-out in Mozambique Running title: Pretreatment and Acquired HIV Drug Resistance in Mozambique
Authors: Ismael Nália , Gemusse Hernane , Mahumane Isabel , Laurindo Osvaldo , Magul Cacildo , Baxter Cheryl , Wilkinson Eduan ’ , Wagar Nick , Bila Dulce , Mabunda Nédio , Silva Juliana , Oliveira Túlio , Raizes Elliot , Presier Wolfgang , Manuel Pedro , Ramos Artur , Vúbil Adolfo
Published: April 2024

Introduction
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that HIV treatment scale-up is accompanied by a robust assessment of drug resistance emergence and transmission. Included in the WHO HIV Drug Resistance (HIVDR) monitoring and surveillance strategy is HIVDR testing in adults both initiating and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Due to limited information about HIVDR in Mozambique, we conducted two nationally representative surveys of adults initiating and receiving first-line ART regimes to better inform the HIV program.
Methods
We carried out a cross-sectional study between March 2017 and December 2019. HIV-1 infected adults (re)initiating or receiving first-line treatment for 9–15 months were included in 25 health facilities across all 11 provinces in Mozambique. HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) was assessed on dried blood spot (DBS) samples with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL. Resistance for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) were determined using the Stanford HIV database algorithm 9.5 and calibrated population resistance 8.1.
Results
A total of 828 participants were enrolled (419 new initiators and 409 ART experienced), the majority were females (58.4% new initiators and 62.6% ART-experienced) with a median age of 36 and 32 years for ART initiators and ART experienced, respectively. Of the new initiators, pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) for NNRTI and PI was found in 17.4% and 1.4% of the participants, respectively. Among the patients on first-line treatment, 81.2% (n = 332) had suppressed viral loads (VL) and the remaining 18.8% (n = 77) had unsuppressed VL. Of these 90% (n = 70) were successfully sequenced and 56.6% (30/70) (95% CI 43–70) showed high-level resistance for NNRTI. Mutations Acquired drug resistance (ADR) for both NRTI and NNRTI were identified in 24.5% (13, 95% CI: 13–36) among the treatment-experienced participants.
Conclusion
High rates of PDR and ADR for NNRTI and ADR for NRTI were observed in our study. These findings support the replacement of NNRTIs with dolutegravir but high levels of NRTI resistance in highly treatment-experienced individuals still requires attention when transitioning to new regimens. Moreover, the study underlines the need for robust routine VL testing and HIVDR surveillance to improve treatment management strategies.
Mechanisms of sinkhole formation and hydrothermal dynamics at the Oana Crater on Azumayama Volcano, Northeast Japan
Authors: Oishi Masayuki , Yamamura Takuya , Yamagishi Ryo , Suzuki Kota , Koshiya Hideki , Sakuno Kai , Akimoto Ryotaro , Okada Jun , Abe Shuji
Published: April 2024

In 2021, a sinkhole emerged at the base of the Oana Crater on Azumayama Volcano in northeastern Japan, prompting investigation into its potential link to volcanic activity. Our study examines the phenomenon of sinkhole formation within active volcanic craters. Through meticulous field observations, we provide detailed insights into the sinkhole’s characteristics and explore its underlying causes. Examining the site’s history, we uncover predisposing factors contributing to sinkhole formation. Changes in heat distribution beneath the crater, notably from the northwest to the northeast side, are estimated, affecting the activity of nearby fumaroles. This redistribution of thermal energy triggers significant changes, including the emergence of molten sulfur and heightened fumarole activity. Further analysis reveals the sinkhole’s connection to past hydrothermal activity, notably a similar event in 1966, which served as a conduit for subsurface thermal energy. We posit that weakening of surface geology by hydrothermal fluids and volcanic gases facilitated the sinkhole’s formation in 2021. Notably, while past sinkhole formations at Azumayama Volcano preceded eruptions, the 2021 event occurred independently of mud eruptions but signals a potential shift in thermal energy pathways within the shallow subsurface. Our findings emphasize the importance of studying local topographical changes within volcanic edifices to elucidate the behavior of hot water and contribute to understanding eruption mechanisms.
Environmental quality of Xuanwu Lake, China, after restoration
Authors: Wang Jinqi , Song Yuzhi
Published: April 2024

Some restoration measures were implemented in Xuanwu Lake to control water eutrophication, including sediment dredging, algal bloom control through clay flocculation, and the growth of aquatic macrophytes. The water quality of Xuanwu Lake was monitored before and after the restoration. The results showed that the sediment was not the primary pollution source of the water body, the dredging did not change the nutrient contents in the lake significantly, and the heavy metal content in the sediment also did not decrease significantly. Therefore, sediment dredging should be carefully selected; otherwise, aquatic ecosystems may be damaged, and exogenous pollution will become severe. It is necessary to restore aquatic plants after dredging. The water quality improved with increased water diversion and improved less when it exceeded a certain level. The volume of water diversion should be controlled at an appropriate level. Clay flocculation effectively inhibited cyanobacterial blooms within a short time, improved water quality, and promoted the restoration of the Potamogeton crispus population. Clay flocculation is an effective way to control water eutrophication under emergent conditions. In addition, water quality was improved distinctly during the growing period of the P. crispus population, compared to when aquatic vegetation was minimal. Aquatic population restoration is a sustainable and effective approach for managing Xuanwu Lake and controlling water eutrophication.