bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Evidence Supporting the Link Between Dietary Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Hammad Shatha , Pu Shuaihua , Jones Peter J.
Published: December 2015

Lack of consensus exists pertaining to the scientific evidence regarding effects of various dietary fatty acids on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The objective of this article is to review current evidence concerning cardiovascular health effects of the main dietary fatty acid types; namely, trans (TFA), saturated (SFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA; n‐3 PUFA and n‐6 PUFA), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Accumulating evidence shows negative health impacts of TFA and SFA; both may increase CVD risk. Policies have been proposed to reduce TFA and SFA consumption to less than 1 and 7 % of energy intake, respectively. Cardiovascular health might be promoted by replacing SFA and TFA with n‐6 PUFA, n‐3 PUFA, or MUFA; however, the optimal amount of PUFA or MUFA that can be used to replace SFA and TFA has not been defined yet. Evidence suggests of the potential importance of restricting n‐6 PUFA up to 10 % of energy and obtaining an n‐6/n‐3 ratio as close as possible to unity, along with a particular emphasis on consuming adequate amounts of essential fatty acids. The latest evidence shows cardioprotective effects of MUFA‐rich diets, especially when MUFA are supplemented with essential fatty acids; namely, docosahexaenoic acid. MUFA has been newly suggested to be involved in regulating fat oxidation, energy metabolism, appetite sensations, weight maintenance, and cholesterol metabolism. These favorable effects might implicate MUFA as the preferable choice to substitute for other fatty acids, especially given the declaration of its safety for up to 20 % of total energy.
In Vitro Acetylcholinesterase‐Inhibitory Properties of Enzymatic Hemp Seed Protein Hydrolysates
Authors: Malomo Sunday A. , Aluko Rotimi E.
Published: December 2015

The aim of this work was to characterize the structural and functional properties of hemp seed protein‐derived acetylcholinesterase (AChE)‐inhibitory enzymatic hydrolysates. Hemp seed protein isolate hydrolysis was performed using six different proteases (pepsin, papain, thermoase, flavourzyme, alcalase and pepsin + pancreatin) at different concentrations (1–4 %). The degree of hydrolysis was directly related to the amount of protease used but had no relationship with AChE‐inhibitory activity. Amino acid composition results showed that the hemp seed protein hydrolysates (HPHs) had high levels of negatively charged amino acids (39.62–40.18 %) as well as arginine. The 1 % pepsin HPH was the most active AChE inhibitor with ~6 µg/mL IC50 value when compared to 8–11.6 µg/mL for the other HPHs. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that most of the peptides in all the hydrolysates were less than 1000 Da in size. However, the pepsin HPHs contained larger‐sized peptides (244–1009 Da) than the papain HPHs (246–758 Da), which in turn was larger than the alcalase HPH (246–607 Da). The higher AChE‐inhibitory effects of the pepsin HPHs may be due to increased synergistic effects from a wider peptide size range when compared to the papain and alcalase HPHs that had narrower ranges. The narrow peptide size range in the alcalase HPH confirms the higher efficiency of this protease in releasing small‐sized peptides from food proteins.
Quantification of Nonanal and Oleic Acid Formed During the Ozonolysis of Vegetable Oil Free Fatty Acids or Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Authors: Tavassoli‐Kafrani M. H. , Foley P. , Kharraz E. , Curtis J. M.
Published: December 2015

The ozonolysis of unsaturated lipids is a process that has been used to generate aldehydes, acids, alcohols, and other biobased chemical intermediates. Reported here is a method that can be used to measure the formation of nonanal and oleic acid during the ozonolysis of unsaturated vegetable oil fatty acids or their methyl esters to indicate the extent of the ozonolysis reaction. Derivatization was performed using boron trifluoride in methanol solution to transform nonanal and oleic acid into nonanal dimethyl acetal and oleic acid methyl ester, respectively. Undecanal and 10‐heptadecenoic acid were used as internal standards and separation was performed using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector. The method was validated by performing a standard addition procedure in which nonanal or oleic acid standards were spiked into samples collected during the ozonolysis of oleic acid or canola oil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Linear regression results indicated that the measured nonanal and oleic acid are in good agreement with the actual amounts of nonanal and oleic acid added to the sample with at least 98 % recovery. The application of the method was demonstrated by the successful measurement of nonanal and oleic acid formed throughout the ozonolysis process for high oleic canola oil FAME.
Mathematical approaches in studying bicoid gene
Authors: Ghodsi Zara , Hassani Hossein , McGhee Kevin
Published: December 2015

It is widely believed that in
Drosophila melanogaster the pattern of Bicoid protein gradient plays a crucial role in the segmentation stage of embryo development. As a result of its fundamental role, modelling the Bicoid gradient has become increasingly popular for researchers from many different areas of study. The aim of this paper is to bring together the most prominent studies on this maternal gene and discuss how existing techniques for modelling this gradient have evolved over the years.
The Aetiology of Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and the Relationship with Physical Activity: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hassett Leanne , Moseley Anne , Harmer Alison
Published: December 2015

Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness or cardiorespiratory deconditioning is a secondary physical impairment commonly reported to affect people after traumatic brain injury (TBI), both in the short- and long-term. Eleven studies have measured peak oxygen uptake${\rm ({\dot V}O}_{{\rm 2peak}} )$to evaluate fitness in this population. The mean (SD)${\rm \dot VO}_{{\rm 2peak}}$from these studies was 27.2 (6.7) mL.kg−1·min−1, which is markedly below the average fitness level of age-matched healthy individuals. The aetiology of cardiorespiratory deconditioning has not been well evaluated among people with TBI; however, studies on prolonged bed rest and studies on the acute consequences of TBI inform our current understanding. The primary aim of this paper is to present a model to describe the physiological factors contributing to the development of cardiorespiratory deconditioning among people with severe TBI. We propose that both central and peripheral factors contribute to reduced fitness, and that these changes occur because of both the initial brain damage and trauma sustained and the prolonged and initially extreme physical inactivity that is commonly experienced after this type of injury. Reduced fitness can significantly affect the ability to return to pre-injury activities. Given that reintegration into the community is a key goal of rehabilitation among people with TBI, interventions that can prevent or reverse reduced fitness need to be implemented.
Studying the influence of Bulletin Board System technologies on the communication culture of pre-internet Turkish-speaking online communities: a socio-technical approach
Authors: Furman Ivo
Published: December 2015

How does the technological infrastructure of a communications medium influence the culture of an online community? Taking up a socio-technical (STS) approach to online communities and computer mediated communication, this study introduces and explores the communication culture of Bulletin Board Systems (BBS) active in Turkey between 1995 and 1996. In the first part of the study, the researcher provides a brief history of BBS networks worldwide and of pre-Internet communication networks in Turkey. In the second part, using a sample from a privately owned archive of correspondences from Hitnet, a national-scale FidoNet-style BBS network popular in Turkey between 1992 and 1996, the study documents how some of the technical constraints on the level of hardware, software, and human-computer interaction (HCI) influenced the communication culture of the Hitnet community. At the same time, the study pays especial attention to the workarounds devised by community members to work around these constraints.
The Free Republican Party in the political cartoons of the 1930s
Authors: Başaran İnce Gökçen
Published: December 2015

The Free Republican Party (FRP; Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası), founded and dissolved in 1930, represented the second attempt to transition to a multi-party system in Turkey, following the formation of the Progressive Republican Party (Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası) in 1924. In contrast to the oppositional establishment of the latter, the FRP seemed to be a state-originated project whose establishment was decided upon by the elites of the day, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Its representation in contemporary cartoons is deemed important today given the political cartoon’s ability to simplify complex political messages into understandable symbols and metaphors and to address or reach those who may not be literate. Taking into account the social structure of society during this period, this aspect of the reach of cartoons becomes particularly important. Political cartoons’ ability to both support the text in a newspaper and penetrate historical memory through stereotypes is also significant in terms of the representation of personalities and events. This article will attempt to analyze the formation of the FRP and the depiction of its elites through newspaper cartoons. Three prominent and pro-Republican People’s Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi) newspapers of this period—namely Cumhuriyet, Milliyet, and Vakit—will provide the material for the content and thematic analysis of the study.
Gender and memory in the films of Tomris Giritlioğlu and Yeşim Ustaoğlu
Authors: Başcı Pelin
Published: December 2015

This article offers a critical reading, from the perspective of gender studies, of films produced in the politically charged environment of the 1990s and 2000s by directors Tomris Giritlioğlu and Yeşim Ustaoğlu. Giritlioğlu’s Ms. Salkım’s Diamonds (Salkım Hanımın Taneleri, 1999) and Autumn Pain (Güz Sancısı, 2008) were based on Yılmaz Karakoyunlu’s novels Salkım Hanım’ın Taneleri (1990) and Güz Sancısı (1992), while Ustaoğlu’s Waiting for the Clouds (Bulutları Beklerken, 2004) was inspired by Yorgo Andreadis’ biography, Tamama (1993). The films claim artistic license in presenting individual stories, yet they embellish their representation through documentary footage about silenced historical traumas, depicting female subjects as the store of traumatic national memories, such as the exodus of Pontic Greeks in 1916, the anti-minority Wealth Tax of 1942, and the anti-Greek pogroms of 1955. Underscoring Julia Kristeva’s notion of the “feminine” as a crucial aspect of these films, this article traces two strategies used by the directors: (1) recording personal stories in order to complicate nationalist narratives and their appeal to essentialized identities, and (2) gendering trauma as female suffering inflicted by patriarchal authority. The article concludes that, regardless of their public positions to the contrary, the directors engage in feminist politics by questioning the relationship between women and the nation, by broaching issues of social justice, and by highlighting the hybridity of identities and plurality of cultures.
Intergenerational Mobility and Equality of Opportunity
Authors: Torche Florencia
Published: December 2015

Intergenerational mobility—the association between parents’ and adult children’s economic wellbeing—is an important sociological concept because it provides information about inequality of opportunity in society, and it has gained relevance in the recent past due to the increase economic inequality in most of the affluent world. This article provides an overview of the different measures of mobility used by sociologists and economists, as well as main empirical findings about mobility. I then move to topics that push mobility analysis beyond its bivariate focus: The association between intergenerational mobility and economic inequality, the mechanisms for mobility, and the validity of mobility as a measure of inequality of opportunity. I suggest that the association between mobility and inequality is likely spurious, driven by varying institutional arrangements across countries, and that mobility analysis is most useful when focused on describing the bivariate intergenerational association across countries and over time.
Modeling, Statistics and Political Circumstances
Authors: Lepenies Philipp
Published: December 2015

The notion of “economic development” dominates aid policy. A nation’s per capita Gross Domestic Product (gdp) determines whether that country is considered developed or less developed, and the standard measure of any developmental progress isgdpgrowth. This article investigates the evolution of the concept of economic development, as it emerged from a specific combination of modeling, statistics and political circumstances. In this story, Arthur Lewis played a decisive role, but only by building upon Colin Clark’s first global national income statistics, an indispensible foundation for Lewis’s seminal model of economic development. This model was embraced by policy makers longing for a theoretical framework to clarify and operationalize the hitherto vague concept of development. More importantly, however, the statistical indicator on which Lewis based his theory had already been universally accepted. In other words: statistics came before theory. This holds important lessons for alternative development ideas. It explains why the idea of economic development remains so firmly entrenched and suggests the conditions that might be necessary for an alternative theory to take hold.
Hausdorff Dimension of Sets of Escaping Points and Escaping Parameters for Elliptic Functions
Authors: Gałązka Piotr , Kotus Janina
Published: December 2015

Letbe a non-constant elliptic function. We prove that the Hausdorff dimension of the escaping set offequals 2q/(q+1), whereqis the maximal multiplicity of poles off. We also consider theescaping parametersin the familyfβ=βf, i.e. the parametersβfor which the orbit of one critical value offβescapes to infinity. Under additional assumptions onfwe prove that the Hausdorff dimension of the set of escaping parametersεin the familyfβis greater than or equal to the Hausdorff dimension of the escaping set in the dynamical space. This demonstrates an analogy between the dynamical plane and the parameter plane in the class of transcendental meromorphic functions.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION VERSUS LASER FOR VARICOSE VEINS
Authors: Shepherd Amanda C. , Ortega-Ortega Marta , Gohel Manj S. , Epstein David , Brown Louise C. , Davies Alun H.
Published: December 2015

Objectives: Although the clinical benefits of endovenous thermal ablation are widely recognized, few studies have evaluated the health economic implications of different treatments. This study compares 6-month clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) compared with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the setting of a randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Patients with symptomatic primary varicose veins were randomized to EVLA or RFA and followed up for 6 months to evaluate clinical improvements, health related quality of life (HRQOL) and cost-effectiveness.

Results: A total of 131 patients were randomized, of which 110 attended 6-month follow-up (EVLA n = 54; RFA n = 56). Improvements in quality of life (AVVQ and SF-12v2) and Venous Clinical Severity Scores (VCSS) achieved at 6 weeks were maintained at 6 months, with no significant difference detected between treatment groups. There were no differences in treatment failure rates. There were small differences in favor of EVLA in terms of costs and 6-month HRQOL but these were not statistically significant. However, RFA is associated with less pain at up to 10 days.

Conclusions: EVLA and RFA result in comparable and significant gains in quality of life and clinical improvements at 6 months, compared with baseline values. EVLA is more likely to be cost-effective than RFA but absolute differences in costs and HRQOL are small.
DEFINING ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR FUNDING POLICIES AROUND IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Authors: Menon Devidas , Nardelli Alexa A. , Motan Tarek , Klein Kristin , Stafinski Tania
Published: December 2015

Objectives: This review aims to assess the state of the science around the potential impact of certain patient characteristics on the safety and effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Methods: Following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and the PRISMA statement, a comprehensive systematic review of reviews and recent primary studies examining the impact of paternal age and maternal age, smoking, and body mass index (BMI) on the safety and effectiveness of IVF was performed. Papers, published between January 2007 and June 2014, were independently reviewed and critically appraised by two researchers using published quality assessment tools for reviews and primary studies. Due to heterogeneity across papers (different study designs and patient selection criteria), a qualitative analysis of extracted information was performed.

Results: Seventeen papers (ten systematic reviews and seven primary studies) were included. They comprised evidence from retrospective observational studies in which maternal age, BMI, and smoking status were explored as part of secondary analyses of larger studies. The majority of papers found that the likelihood of achieving a pregnancy was lower among women who were >40 years, had a BMI ≥ 25 and smoked. Advanced maternal age and BMI were also associated with higher rates of preterm birth and low birth weight.

Conclusions: Based on available evidence, it may be appropriate to consider “maternal age” and “morbid obesity” in public funding policies that aim to maximize the effectiveness of IVF. However, given inconsistencies in the effect of smoking across different pregnancy-related outcomes, support for incorporating it into funding conditions appears weak.
Infective endocarditis prophylaxis: current practice trend among paediatric cardiologists: are we following the 2007 guidelines?
Authors: Naik Ronak J. , Patel Neil R. , Wang Ming , Shah Nishant C.
Published: December 2015

Background

In 2007, the American Heart Association modified the infective endocarditis prophylaxis guidelines by limiting the use of antibiotics in patients with cardiac conditions associated with the highest risk of adverse outcomes after infective endocarditis. Our objective was to evaluate current practice for infective endocarditis prophylaxis among paediatric cardiologists.

Methods

A web-based survey focussing on current practice, describing the use of antibiotics for infective endocarditis prophylaxis in various congenital and acquired heart diseases, was distributed via e-mail to paediatric cardiologists. The survey was kept anonymous and was distributed twice.

Results

Data from 253 participants were analysed. Most paediatric cardiologists discontinued infective endocarditis prophylaxis in patients with simple lesions such as small ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and bicuspid aortic valve without stenosis or regurgitation; however, significant disagreement persists in prescribing infective endocarditis prophylaxis in certain conditions such as rheumatic heart disease, Fontan palliation without fenestration, and the Ross procedure. Use of antibiotic prophylaxis in certain selected conditions for which infective endocarditis prophylaxis has been indicated as per the current guidelines varies from 44 to 83%. Only 44% follow the current guidelines exclusively, and 34% regularly discuss the importance of oral hygiene with their patients at risk for infective endocarditis.

Conclusion

Significant heterogeneity still persists in recommending infective endocarditis prophylaxis for several cardiac lesions among paediatric cardiologists. More than half of the participants (56%) do not follow the current guidelines exclusively in their practice. Counselling for optimal oral health in patients at risk for infective endocarditis needs to be optimised in the current practice.
Impact of postoperative complications on hospital costs following the Norwood operation
Authors: McHugh Kimberly E. , Pasquali Sara K. , Hall Matthew A. , Scheurer Mark A.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Patients undergoing the Norwood operation consume considerable healthcare resources; however, detailed information regarding factors impacting hospitalisation costs is lacking. We evaluated the association of postoperative complications with hospital costs.

Methods

In the present study, we utilised a unique data set consisting of prospectively collected clinical data from the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial linked at the patient level with cost data for 10 hospitals participating in the Children’s Hospital Association Case Mix database during the trial period. The relationship between complications and cost was modelled using linear regression, accounting for the skewed distribution of cost, adjusting for within-centre clustering and baseline patient characteristics.

Results

A total of 334 eligible Norwood records (97.5%) were matched between data sets. Overall, 82% suffered from at least one complication (median 2; with a range from 0 to 33). Those with complications had longer postoperative length of stay (25 versus 12 days, p<0.001), more total ventilator days (7 versus 5 days, p<0.001), and higher in-hospital mortality (17.6 versus 3.4%, p<0.006). Mean adjusted hospital cost in those with a complication was $190,689 (95% CI $111,344–$326,577) versus $120,584 (95% CI $69,246–$209,983) in those without complications (p=0.002). Costs increased with the number of complications (1–2 complications=$132,800 versus 3–4 complications=$182,353 versus ⩾5 complications=$309,372 [p<0.001]).

Conclusions

This merged data set of clinical trial and cost data demonstrated that postoperative complications are common following the Norwood operation and are associated with worse clinical outcomes and higher costs. Efforts to reduce complications in this population may lead to improved outcomes and cost savings.
Nurse Perspectives on the Practical, Emotional, and Professional Impacts of Living and Working in Post-earthquake Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: Johal Sarbjit S. , Mounsey Zoe , Brannelly Petula , Johnston David M.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

This report explores nurses’ perspectives following the Canterbury (New Zealand) 2010-2011 earthquake sequence and the subsequent recovery process.

Problem

Little is known about the experiences of health care professionals during a disaster recovery process, and this research generates insights about the challenges faced.

Methods

Qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 11 nurses from the Christchurch (New Zealand) area to explore the challenges faced by the nurses during and following the earthquakes. The interviews took place three years after the start of the earthquake experience to enable exploration of longer term aspects of the recovery process. The interview transcripts were analyzed and coded using a grounded theory approach.

Results

The data analysis identified that the nurses had faced a number of challenges and these were characterized as practical, emotional, and professional. While some of the challenges were short-lived in the aftermath of the earthquakes, some were long-lasting due to the extended nature of the recovery process. Dealing with house damage, insurance negotiations, and working in damaged environments had a negative impact on the nurses. The nurses experienced a range of emotions, both negative and positive, after the disaster, though many had needed time to elapse before feeling able to reflect on their experiences.

Discussion

The findings suggest that secondary stressors have a negative impact on the psychosocial recovery process. The nurses recognized that they received support from others and were also required to focus on others. Keeping busy appeared to be the most common coping strategy. This lack of reflection on their experiences may have resulted in delayed emotional responses. Some of the nurses changed their work role, hours, and responsibilities suggesting that working in this environment was having a detrimental impact.

Conclusion

The research indicates the challenges faced by nurses in the initial impact of the earthquakes and during the longer term recovery process. There is a need to consider the psychosocial impact of working and living in a post-disaster context and to develop support packages to ensure the health and well-being of nurses in this environment.

JohalSS,MounseyZ,BrannellyP,JohnstonDM.Nurse perspectives on the practical, emotional, and professional impacts of living and working in post-earthquake Canterbury, New Zealand.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(1):10–16.
Anhedonia and cognitive function in adults with MDD: results from the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project
Authors: McIntyre Roger S. , Woldeyohannes Hanna O. , Soczynska Joanna K. , Maruschak Nadia A. , Wium-Andersen Ida K. , Vinberg Maj , Cha Danielle S. , Lee Yena , Xiao Holly X. , Gallaugher Laura Ashley , Dale Roman M. , Alsuwaidan Mohammad T. , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Muzina David J. , Carvalho Andre F. , Jerrell Jeanette M. , Kennedy Sidney H.
Published: December 2015

Background

Cognitive dysfunction is common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and a critical determinant of health outcome. Anhedonia is a criterion item toward the diagnosis of a major depressive episode (MDE) and a well-characterized domain in MDD. We sought to determine the extent to which variability in self-reported cognitive function correlates with anhedonia.

Method

A post hoc analysis was conducted using data from (N=369) participants with aDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)-defined diagnosis of MDD who were enrolled in the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project (IMDCP) between January 2008 and July 2013. The IMDCP is a collaborative research platform at the Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, and the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Measures of cognitive function, anhedonia, and depression severity were analyzed using linear regression equations.

Results

A total of 369 adults with DSM-IV-TR–defined MDD were included in this analysis. Self-rated cognitive impairment [ie, as measured by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)] was significantly correlated with a proxy measure of anhedonia (r=0.131, p=0.012). Moreover, total depression symptom severity, as measured by the total Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score, was also significantly correlated with self-rated measures of cognitive dysfunction (r=0.147, p=0.005). The association between anhedonia and self-rated cognitive dysfunction remained significant after adjusting for illness severity (r=0.162, p=0.007).

Conclusions

These preliminary results provide empirical data for the testable hypothesis that anhedonia and self-reported cognitive function in MDD are correlated yet dissociable domains. The foregoing observation supports the hypothesis of overlapping yet discrete neurobiological substrates for these domains.
The Role of Born-Again Identity on the Political Attitudes of Whites, Blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans
Authors: Wong Janelle S.
Published: December 2015

Together, Asian American and Latino evangelicals constitute about 13% of all evangelicals in the United States. This proportion is surely going to increase as new immigrants enter the United States from Asia and Latin America and the number of White evangelicals remains steady or even falls. But the extent and nature of the effects of evangelical identity on the political attitudes of growing numbers of Latinos and Asian Americans have not been studied systematically. This article aims to fill that gap by comparing the effects of evangelical identity on political attitudes across a range of groups to better address the conditional effects of religious identity on political orientations in an increasingly diverse context. The primary research question driving the study is does born-again identity play a consistent role across racial groups in determining political attitudes?
Heart Versus Mind
Authors: Ryffel Fabian A. , Wirth Werner
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Several researchers have pursued the question of whether affective or cognitive persuasion appeals are more successful in changing attitudes. The vast majority of studies in this field have found that the persuasiveness of affective and cognitive appeals depends on the extent to which recipients’ existing attitudes are based on affect or cognition: Affective messages are more successful in changing affect-based attitudes; cognitive messages are more successful in changing cognition-based attitudes. However, research to date has not uncovered the processes leading to these effects. In the present article it is argued that there are two plausible explanations. First, matching messages to informational attitude bases might heighten message scrutiny. This would mean that a central process underlies the effects. Second, a peripheral process might account for the effects. Specifically, processing fluency might act as a peripheral cue. The results of an experimental study clearly suggest that that processing fluency underlies the effects.
Gender Role Orientation Moderates Effects of Stereotype Activation on	Test Performances
Authors: Tempel Tobias , Neumann Roland
Published: December 2015

Abstract. We investigated the moderation of effects of activated gender stereotypes on the performance of women in tests of different ability domains. The Bem Sex Role Inventory assessed masculinity and femininity. The difference of the masculinity and femininity scores served as a continuous independent variable of gender role orientation. Only participants with feminine gender role orientation suffered from stereotype activation with regard to mental rotation and math performance. In contrast, participants with feminine gender role orientation profited from stereotype activation with regard to emotional sensitivity performance. These results demonstrate a generally higher susceptibility to gender stereotypes of women with feminine gender role orientation. Higher self-relevance of stereotypes was associated with stronger stereotype threat, but also stronger stereotype lift or boost.
“It’s Their Responsibility, Not	Ours”
Authors: Froehlich Laura , Martiny Sarah E. , Deaux Kay , Mok Sog Yee
Published: December 2015

Abstract. In many countries, there is a gap in academic performance between native-born students and students with certain immigrant backgrounds. Based on ultimate attribution error theory, we examined the stereotypes and causal attributions that German student teachers use to account for immigrants’ underperformance. By including both Turkish-origin and Italian-origin migrants, we assessed whether these judgments are group-specific. A pilot study (N = 70) showed that Turkish-origin migrants were viewed more negatively than either Germans or Italian-origin migrants. Studies 1 (N = 65) and 2 (N = 54) showed that negative stereotypes moderated judgments of internal responsibility for both immigrant groups. Study 2 also showed that negative stereotypes moderated external attributions for the underperformance of Turkish-origin, but not Italian-origin, migrants.
Sounding the Northern Seas
Authors: Danielson Seth , Dobbins Elizabeth , Jakobsson Martin , Johnson Mark , Weingartner Thomas , Williams William , Zarayskaya Yulia
Published: December 2015

A new compilation of underwater terrain provides the most up-to-date mapping of portions of the western Arctic and North Pacific.
Atmospheres Can Collapse on the Dark Sides of Planets
Authors: Sullivan Cody
Published: December 2015

Planets that orbit close to their stars might lose their atmospheres along with any chance of life, but new models show a way in which these planets may retain their atmospheres and habitability.
Photoluminescence enhancement induced by a halide anion encapsulation in a series of novel lanthanide(iii) coordination polymers
Authors: Xu Cong , Kirillov Alexander M. , Shu Yubo , Liu Yan , Guo Lirong , Yang Lizi , Dou Wei , Liu Wei , Chen Chunyang , Huang Xin , Zhang Jiayao , Liu Weisheng
Published: December 2015

The halogen anions encapsulated in the tunnel of 2D Ln-CPs could enhance solid-state photoluminescence.
Etching anisotropy mechanisms lead to morphology-controlled silicon nanoporous structures by metal assisted chemical etching
Authors: Jiang Bing , Li Meicheng , Liang Yu , Bai Yang , Song Dandan , Li Yingfeng , Luo Jian
Published: December 2015

The etching anisotropy induced by the morphology and rotation of silver particles controls the morphology of silicon nanoporous structures, through various underlying complex etching mechanisms.
A phosphonium intermediate for cationic RAFT polymerization
Authors: Uchiyama Mineto , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami
Published: December 2015

Phosphates and phosphinates mediate cationic RAFT polymerization of vinyl ethers with a small amount of triflic acid via a phosphonium intermediate.
Triphenylamine-based luminogens and fluorescent polyimides: effects of functional groups and substituents on photophysical behaviors
Authors: Wu Jia-Hao , Chen Wen-Chang , Liou Guey-Sheng
Published: December 2015

We prepared four series of triphenylamine-based luminogens with various functional groups and substituted groups, and corresponding fluorescent polyimides were prepared for the investigation of photophysical behaviors.
Highly efficient rutile TiO2photocatalysts with single Cu(ii) and Fe(iii) surface catalytic sites
Authors: Neubert Susann , Mitoraj Dariusz , Shevlin Stephen A. , Pulisova Petra , Heimann Manuel , Du Yonghua , Goh Gregory K. L. , Pacia Michał , Kruczała Krzysztof , Turner Stuart , Macyk Wojciech , Guo Zheng Xiao , Hocking Rosalie K. , Beranek Radim
Published: December 2015

Single Cu(ii) and Fe(iii) surface catalytic sites dramatically enhance the activity of rutile TiO2in photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol.
Low frequency noise and photo-enhanced field emission from ultrathin PbBi2Se4 nanosheets
Authors: Suryawanshi Sachin R. , Guin Satya N. , Chatterjee Arindom , Kashid Vikas , More Mahendra A. , Late Dattatray J. , Biswas Kanishka
Published: December 2015

PbBi2Se4 nanosheets demonstrate high performance and extremely stable photosensitive field emission with low frequency noise.
NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ inverse opal photonic crystals and NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+/TiO2 composites: synthesis, highly improved upconversion properties and NIR photoelectric response
Authors: Yang Yudan , Zhou Pingwei , Xu Wen , Xu Sai , Jiang Yandong , Chen Xu , Song Hongwei
Published: December 2015

A novel solvent-thermal Y2O3 template method was explored to synthesise NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ IOPCs, which show highly improved UCL properties.
From the Editor: An Introduction to the
JSLHR
Supplement on Implementation Science
Authors: Paul Rhea
Published: December 2015

Purpose

The
JSLHR
Supplement on Implementation Science is aimed at providing discussion and examples of research in
implementation science
, the study of methods designed to promote the incorporation of research findings into clinical practice.

Methods

Practitioners in the language science area were invited to submit articles that address their experience with various aspects of implementation science.

Results

Six articles from several research groups comprise this supplement.

Conclusions

Implementation science is an aspect of intervention research that merits consideration by communication disorders scientists. More extensive practice of implementation science will improve uptake of evidence-based practice in the clinical community.
Productivity analysis of the full scale inertial sea wave energy converter prototype: A test case in Pantelleria Island
Authors: Cagninei Andrea , Raffero Mattia , Bracco Giovanni , Giorcelli Ermanno , Mattiazzo Giuliana , Poggi Davide
Published: December 2015

Wave power is one of the most rich and promising sources of renewable energy for the future. Approximately 2000 TWh/year can be produced through the exploitation of the wave energy potential. In the past four decades, hundreds of Wave Energy Converters have been proposed and studied, but so far a conclusive architecture to harvest wave power has not been identified. Many engineering problems are still to be solved; these include survivability, durability, and effective power capture in a variable wave climate. Reacting body devices use the inertia of a large mass to generate the reaction needed from the power take off (PTO). Heretically, in the case of a simple inertial mass, optimal control adjusts the dynamic parameters of the PTO, such as the spring constant and energy absorbing damping, to maximize energy absorption. The ISWEC (Inertial Sea Wave Energy Converter) uses a gyroscope to create an internal inertial reaction that is able to harvest wave power without exposing mechanical parts to the harsh oceanic environment. In the past few years, the ISWEC has been successfully tested using two scale models (scales 1:45 and 1:8) and several extensive laboratory experimental campaigns. In this paper, the first full scale ISWEC prototype is presented along with its control system and a refined control strategy. The goal of this paper is to identify an optimal control strategy in order to maximize wave power exploitation of the ISWEC. The control technique presented is numerically applied to the ISWEC full scale device with rated power of 60 kW. The control strategy is tested, and the expected production obtained, for the typical wave climate of Pantelleria Island, in the Mediterranean Sea where the first full scale ISWEC prototype was deployed in autumn 2015.
On tidal stream turbines placed off headlands
Authors: Adcock T. A. A.
Published: December 2015

Many candidate sites for tidal stream energy extraction can be classified as headland sites. Understanding the tidal resource of such sites is of fundamental importance to the industry. This paper examines an upper bound for the power that might be generated from an idealised headland. The dependence of this on length of turbine rows, number of turbine rows, and turbine blockage ratio is examined. Conclusions are drawn from this which are applicable to real headland sites.
Different ways of looking at the force between two nanocrystals
Authors: Lange Alexander , Danecker Fabian , Bauer Gernot , Gribova Nadezhda , Gross Joachim
Published: December 2015

The potential of mean force (PMF) between two nanocrystals (NCs) represents an effective interaction potential that is essential when explaining the assembly of NCs to superstructures. For a given temperature, the PMF is obtained best from molecular dynamics simulations. Based on a density functional approach, this study proposes three methods of predicting the PMF for any given temperature based on a single molecular dynamics simulation for one temperature. The three methods construct the PMF by considering the ligands as an ideal gas, as hard-sphere chains, or as Lennard-Jones interaction sites. To apply this methodology, the density of the interaction centers must be extracted from the simulation data. For the ideal gas model, a straightforward sampling procedure with a fixed lattice in space leads to free energies that are too large in order to consistently explain the simulation data for different temperatures. Naive sampling does not account for the small momenta added to the NCs when coupled to a thermostat. A method is proposed that corrects for the unphysical steps during the simulation. The ideal gas contribution computed for the corrected density is significantly smaller than the one obtained from naive sampling and can thus explain the temperature dependence of the PMF correctly. For the hard-sphere chain model, where a weighted density is used, the correction of the particle density is not essential. However, the PMF calculated based on the corrected density confirms our approach. All three models predict PMF curves in very good agreement with simulation results, but they differ in the number of input parameters and the computational effort. Based on the modeling results, we predict the existence of an additional attractive force at small distances of the NCs — a depletion force.
Stirring turbulence with turbulence
Authors: Cekli Hakki Ergun , Joosten René , van de Water Willem
Published: December 2015

We stir wind-tunnel turbulence with an active grid that consists of rods with attached vanes. The time-varying angle of these rods is controlled by random numbers. We study the response of turbulence on the statistical properties of these random numbers. The random numbers are generated by the Gledzer-Ohkitani-Yamada shell model, which is a simple dynamical model of turbulence that produces a velocity field displaying inertial-range scaling behavior. The range of scales can be adjusted by selection of shells. We find that the largest energy input and the smallest anisotropy are reached when the time scale of the random numbers matches that of the largest eddies of the wind-tunnel turbulence. A large mismatch of these times creates a highly intermittent random flow with interesting but quite anomalous statistics.
Cavitation inception of a van der Waals fluid at a sack-wall obstacle
Authors: Kähler G. , Bonelli F. , Gonnella G. , Lamura A.
Published: December 2015

Cavitation in a liquid moving past a constraint is numerically investigated by means of a free-energy lattice Boltzmann simulation based on the van der Waals equation of state. The fluid is streamed past an obstacle, and depending on the pressure drop between inlet and outlet, vapor formation underneath the corner of the sack-wall is observed. The circumstances of cavitation formation are investigated and it is found that the local bulk pressure and mean stress are insufficient to explain the phenomenon. Results obtained in this study strongly suggest that the viscous stress, interfacial contributions to the local pressure, and the Laplace pressure are relevant to the opening of a vapor cavity. This can be described by a generalization of Joseph’s criterion that includes these contributions. A macroscopic investigation measuring mass flow rate behavior and discharge coefficient was also performed. As theoretically predicted, mass flow rate increases linearly with the square root of the pressure drop. However, when cavitation occurs, the mass flow growth rate is reduced and eventually it collapses into a choked flow state. In the cavitating regime, as theoretically predicted and experimentally verified, the discharge coefficient grows with the Nurick cavitation number.
Performance prediction of a tidal in-stream current energy converter and site assessment next to Jindo, South Korea
Authors: Ruopp Andreas , Daus Philipp , Biskup Frank , Riedelbauch Stefan
Published: December 2015

The magnitude of energy, which can be extracted by tidal energy converter devices, has a significant impact on the commercial viability of a project. Therefore, a quantitative characterization of the tidal current at the location of interest and subsequently a reliable prediction of the productivity of a tidal energy converter prior to installation is of high interest. This paper presents the successful deployment of a unique and novel fully symmetric tidal in-stream current energy converter HyTide 110-5.3 in Jindo, South Korea, and a methodology to predict the productivity of a single device based on simulation. The simulation combines a 2D shallow water equation model with turbine performance curves and is validated using real performance data from the prototype under real conditions. In addition, the predicted productivity is compared with actual field measurements during the operation of the Voith demonstrator using two Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers according to the IEC specifications for the performance assessment of Tidal Energy Converters, which is novel at that time. The simulation results show that the productivity of a single device can be predicted accurately and furthermore serves as a proof of concept for the symmetrical turbine layout. The 2D shallow water equation solver based on OpenFOAM® (tidalFoam) captures the rough conditions at the turbine site accurately, where the turbine is facing flood tides with a mean inclined inflow angle of 30°. In addition, the zero-equation turbulence model is shown to successfully capture the influence of a Kármán Vortex street on the turbine unit. High-resolution data of bathymetry, shorelines, and tidal elevations are used to set up the open boundaries of the unstructured mesh used in the model. The sea ground friction as an additional source term in the model is used to calibrate the simulation against Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements on site. The simulation results are shown to be reliable, yielding highly accurate productivity predictions of a single tidal turbine. This is an important step towards a robust commercial evaluation of tidal energy projects prior to installation. Based on the single turbine model, simulations of three tidal current turbine farms as well as the available theoretical and technical power output of the region around Jindo during an entire moon cycle were performed. Possible impacts on average volumetric flow rate changes for neighbouring channels are presented.
Realistic vs sudden turn-on of natural incoherent light: Coherences and dynamics in molecular excitation and internal conversion
Authors: Grinev Timur , Brumer Paul
Published: December 2015

Molecular excitation with incoherent light is examined using realistic turn-on time scales, and results are compared to those obtained via commonly used sudden turn-on, or pulses. Two significant results are obtained. First, in contrast to prior studies involving sudden turn-on, realistic turn-on is shown to lead to stationary coherences for natural turn-on time scales. Second, the time to reach the final stationary mixed state, known to result from incoherent excitation, is shown to depend directly on the inverse of the molecular energy level spacings, in both sudden and realistic turn-on cases. The S0 → S2/S1 internal conversion process in pyrazine is used as an example throughout. Implications for studies of natural light harvesting systems are noted.
Cavity design for high-frequency axion dark matter detectors
Authors: Stern I. , Chisholm A. A. , Hoskins J. , Sikivie P. , Sullivan N. S. , Tanner D. B. , Carosi G. , van Bibber K.
Published: December 2015

In an effort to extend the usefulness of microwave cavity detectors to higher axion masses, above ∼8 μeV (∼2 GHz), a numerical trade study of cavities was conducted to investigate the merit of using variable periodic post arrays and regulating vane designs for higher-frequency searches. The results show that both designs could be used to develop resonant cavities for high-mass axion searches. Multiple configurations of both methods obtained the scanning sensitivity equivalent to approximately 4 coherently coupled cavities with a single tuning rod.