bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A “Two‐Pronged” Strategy to Boost Hydrogen Evolution Kinetics on NiFe‐Based (Oxy)hydroxides via Oxygen Deficient Ni‐Mo‐Fe Coordinate Structures for Ultra‐Stable Ampere‐Level Alkaline Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Xiao Liyang , Cheng Chuanqi , Yang Tiantian , Zhang Jingtong , Han Yujun , Han Chunyan , Lv Wenxuan , Tan Haiwen , Zhao Xueru , Yin Pengfei , Dong Cunku , Liu Hui , Du Xiwen , Yang Jing
Published: September 2024

NiFe (oxy)hydroxides have been regarded as one of the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Unfortunately, the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics limit its application as bifunctional electrocatalyst for alkaline overall water splitting (OWS). Herein, a “two‐pronged” strategy is proposed to construct highly active oxygen deficient Ni‐Mo‐Fe coordinate structures in NiFe (oxy)hydroxide (NFM‐OVR/NF), which simultaneously reduces the energy barrier of Volmer and Heyrovsky steps during alkaline HER process and significantly accelerate the reaction kinetics. Consequently, NFM‐OVR/NF delivers overpotentials as low as 25 and 234 mV to achieve 10 and 1000 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, respectively. Furthermore, benefiting from excellent HER and OER activity, NFM‐OVR/NF exhibits a remarkable OWS activity with cell voltages of 1.44 V and 1.77 V at 10 and 1000 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, and displays ultralong‐term stability for 600 h at 500 mA cm−2, while remaining durable for 300 h in an alkaline water electrolyzer in 30% KOH at 80 °C. The calculated price per gallon of gasoline equivalent for the produced H2 is $ 0.92, which is much lower than 2026 U.S. Department of Energy target ($ 2.00), demonstrating feasibility and practicability of NFM‐OVR/NF for industrial applications.
Atomic Structures and Electronic Properties of Carbide Surfaces Unraveled by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Guo Weijun , Li Changlin , Chen Haoran , Zhou Xiong , Wu Kai
Published: September 2024

Carbides, especially transition metal carbides (TMCs) and non‐metallic silicon carbides (SiCs), have registered wide applications in catalysis, superconductivity, semiconductor, and the like. Systematic studies have demonstrated the essential role of carbon in finetuning the atomic structures and electronic properties of carbides to improve their catalytic performance, superconducting transition temperature, and semiconductor bandgap. These advancements have positioned carbides as efficient substitutes for noble metals and crucial components in technological innovations. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has emerged as a powerful technique in these studies, providing high‐resolution visualization and mapping of the surface geometric and electronic structures of these functionalized carbides. This review mainly focuses on the key aspects like the structures and properties of the aforementioned TMC and SiC surfaces unraveled by STM, aiming at understanding the fundamentals behind the state‐of‐the‐art technologies and advanced applications of the carbide‐involved functional systems. A very brief perspective on this topic is also provided at the end.
A Skin Stress Shielding Platform Based on Body Temperature‐Induced Shrinking of Hydrogel for Promoting Scar‐Less Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Qin , Li Siyu , Li Ka , Zhao Weifeng , Zhao Changsheng
Published: September 2024

Stress concentration surrounding wounds drives fibroblasts into a state of high mechanical tension, leading to the delay of wound healing, exacerbating pathological fibrosis, and even causing tissue dysfunction. Here, an innovative skin stress‐shielding hydrogel wound dressing is reported that makes the wound sites shrink as a response to body temperature and then remolds the stress micro‐environment of wound sites to reduce the formation of skin scars. Composed of a modified natural temperature‐sensitive polymer cross‐linked with polyacrylic acid networks, this hydrogel wound dressing has demonstrated a substantial decrease in scar area for full‐thickness wounds in rat models. The physical forces exerted by the wound dressing are instrumental in attenuating the activation and transduction of fibroblasts within the wound sites, thereby mitigating the excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Notably, the wound dressing significantly down‐regulates the expression of transforming growth factor‐β1(TGF‐β1) and collagen I, while concurrently exerting a dramatic inhibitory effect on the integrin‐focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/phosphorylated‐FAK (p‐FAK) signaling pathway. Collectively, the fabrication of functional hydrogels with a stress‐shielding profile is a new route for achieving scar‐less wound healing, thus offering immense potential for improving clinical outcomes and restoring tissue integrity.
TAG‐SPARK: Empowering High‐Speed Volumetric Imaging With Deep Learning and Spatial Redundancy
Authors: Hsieh Yin‐Tzu , Jhan Kai‐Chun , Lee Jye‐Chang , Huang Guan‐Jie , Chung Chang‐Ling , Chen Wun‐Ci , Chang Ting‐Chen , Chen Bi‐Chang , Pan Ming‐Kai , Wu Shun‐Chi , Chu Shi‐Wei
Published: September 2024

Two‐photon high‐speed fluorescence calcium imaging stands as a mainstream technique in neuroscience for capturing neural activities with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, challenges arise from the inherent tradeoff between acquisition speed and image quality, grappling with a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) due to limited signal photon flux. Here, a contrast‐enhanced video‐rate volumetric system, integrating a tunable acoustic gradient (TAG) lens‐based high‐speed microscopy with a TAG‐SPARK denoising algorithm is demonstrated. The former facilitates high‐speed dense z‐sampling at sub‐micrometer‐scale intervals, allowing the latter to exploit the spatial redundancy of z‐slices for self‐supervised model training. This spatial redundancy‐based approach, tailored for 4D (xyzt) dataset, not only achieves >700% SNR enhancement but also retains fast‐spiking functional profiles of neuronal activities. High‐speed plus high‐quality images are exemplified by in vivo Purkinje cells calcium observation, revealing intriguing dendritic‐to‐somatic signal convolution, i.e., similar dendritic signals lead to reverse somatic responses. This tailored technique allows for capturing neuronal activities with high SNR, thus advancing the fundamental comprehension of neuronal transduction pathways within 3D neuronal architecture.
Reusing the Wasted Energy of Electrochromic Smart Window for Near‐Zero Energy Building
Authors: Xie Yunfei , Huang Ruonan , Li Meini , Cao Ningzhi , Jia Xiaoteng , Wang Caiyun , Chao Danming
Published: September 2024

Electrochromic smart windows (ESWs) are an effective energy‐saving technology for near‐zero energy buildings. They consume electric energy unidirectionally during a round‐trip coloring‐bleaching process, with the energy involved in the bleaching process being wasted. It is highly desirable to reuse this wasted electric energy directly and/or transfer it into other energy storage equipment, further enhancing the overall efficiency of electric energy usage. Herein, a zinc anode‐based ESW (ESW‐PZ) is reported that not only has fascinating visible–near‐infrared (VIS‐NIR) dual‐band electrochromic performance (a high optical contrast of 63%) but also showcases good energy storage characteristics (a wide voltage window of 2.6 V and a high energy density of 127.5 µWh cm−2). The buildings utilizing ESW‐PZ to modulate indoor environments demonstrated an average annual energy saving of 366 MJ m−2 based on energy simulations, which is about 16% of the total energy consumption. Impressively, a high utilization efficiency of 90% (855 mWh m−2) of the wasted electric energy is realized through an ingenious circuit‐switching strategy, which can be reused to power small household appliances.
Motor unit number index in Bell's palsy: A potential electrophysiological biomarker for early evaluation
Authors: Chen Mengjie , Zhu Mingxia , Li Xiuli , Pi Jingtao , Feng Xinhong
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Reliable, noninvasive early diagnostics of neuromuscular function in Bell's palsy, which causes facial paralysis and reduced quality of life, remain to be established. Here, we aimed to evaluate the utility of the motor unit number index (MUNIX) for the quantitative electrophysiological assessment of early‐stage Bell's palsy, its correlation with clinical assessments, changes following treatment, and association with clinical prognosis.

Methods

MUNIX measures were recorded from the bilateral zygomaticus, orbicularis oculi, and orbicularis oris muscles of 10 healthy individuals and 64 patients with Bell's palsy. The patients were assessed by two specialist neurologists using the House–Brackmann and Sunnybrook Facial Grading Systems. Repeat assessments were performed on 20 patients with Bell's palsy who received treatment. Additionally, the 64 patients were reassessed using clinical scales after a 1‐month interval.

Results

The MUNIX values of the main affected muscles on the affected side were lower than those on the healthy side in patients with Bell's palsy (p < .05). The MUNIX measurements significantly correlated with the clinical facial nerve palsy scale scores (p < .05). Significant improvements were observed in the MUNIX values on repeat testing following treatment (p < .05). The baseline motor unit size index (the compound muscle action potential amplitude divided by MUNIX) was positively associated with improved clinical presentation after 1 month (p < .05).

Conclusion

MUNIX can be used as an electrophysiological biomarker for the quantitative assessment of facial nerve palsy and treatment response, and as a prognostic biomarker, in patients with early Bell's palsy, and is recommended as a complement to conventional neurophysiological examinations.
Bimetallic Copper Complexes for Electrocatalytic Bidirectional O2/H2O Conversion in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ali Afsar , Prakash Divyansh , Saini Abhishek , Das Chandan , Shah Naseer Ahmed , Dutta Arnab
Published: September 2024

The distinctive interplay between abundant transition metal‐containing active sites and their surrounding outer coordination sphere (OCS) is pivotal in achieving remarkable catalytic responses. In this context, copper complexes continue to garner attention as promising catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this article, we report two macrocyclic binuclear Cu complexes having variable peripheral functionalities around a common N2O2 like core. A mononuclear complex bearing the salophen‐type ligand design was used as a control. The complex featuring peripheral OH groups demonstrates the highest catalytic activity in ORR (3050 s−1) and OER (6700 s−1), suggesting the crucial role of the alcoholic group during catalysis. In contrast, the mononuclear complex necessitates an additional thermodynamic stimulus to attain catalytic conditions for ORR and OER obverse to the case of binuclear complexes. Hence, this study establishes a template for designing molecular catalysts to mediate energy‐relevant multielectron/multiproton reactions in both oxidizing and reducing environments.
Titanium Silicate‐1 Coupled with Sn and Er as Effective Catalysts for the Production of Lactic Acid from Saccharides
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Qin Jingying , Liao Shengqi , Li Guiying , Li Jianmei , Hu Changwei
Published: September 2024

Biomass‐based saccharide valorization to produce lactic acid (LaA) via chemocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach to meet the substantial demand of the global LaA market, whereas the manufacture of prominent heterogeneous catalyst is still challenging. Herein, we fabricate a series of heterogeneous rare earth catalysts and indicate that Er supported onto titanium silicate‐1 (TS‐1) exhibits better activity than other rare earth catalysts for glucose transformation towards LaA. Remarkably, coupling Sn with Er onto TS‐1 enabled the sharp increment of LaA yield, and 3Sn15Er/TS‐1 catalyst outperformed other heterogeneous rare earth catalysts as reported to date, giving as high as 82.2% and 76.2% yields of LaA from sorbose and glucose, respectively. The catalyst characterization demonstrated the coexistence of Er2O3 and Sn2Er2O7 on 3Sn15Er/TS‐1 catalyst, both of which contributed to LaA production. Sn doping favored the formation of active particles in smaller size and increased the Lewis acidic sites when compared to single 15Er/TS‐1, thereby promoting the isomerization and retro‐aldol reaction of glucose to C3 intermediates. 3Sn15Er/TS‐1 catalyst also showed universal activity for diverse biomass‐based saccharides. This work might give useful insights to explore heterogeneous rare earth catalysts with superior activity in biomass valorization.
On the Heterogeneity of Iron‐Oxo Species in Zeolites for the Oxidation of Methane to Methanol by Nitrous Oxide: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Wang Shuo , Li Chenchen , Liu Chong , Zhuang Wei
Published: September 2024

The conversion of methane to methanol (MTM) represents a pivotal objective in the C1 chemical industry. Transition metals, such as iron, exchanged zeolites are one category of the most active catalysts for direct conversion of MTM. One important topic in understanding the mechanism of Fe‐zeolite catalyzed MTM is how the heterogeneity of catalytic (Fe) sites influences the system stability and reactivity. Employing DFT calculations and machine learning method, we herein studied the stability–reactivity relationship of a MTM catalytic cycle with N2O as the oxidant over Fe‐exchanged zeolites. The Fe heterogeneity was introduced by using CHA and FER zeolites and looking at a number of related Fe species (FeII, FeO, and FeOH). A strong correlation was observed between the stability of such Fe species, which is primarily determined by the formation energy of FeII, and such a stability trend remains consistent throughout the MTM catalytic cycle. The reactivity analysis then demonstrated that less stable Fe species may exhibit higher reactivities when situated in specific sites. Further machine learning analysis validated the significant relevance of activation barriers with reaction energies in the N2O decomposition step that is not sufficiently captured by the traditional one‐dimensional Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) relationship.
Analysis of the composition of Brazilian black soybean seeds and mathematical modelling of intermittent drying and extraction of antioxidant compounds using fractional calculus
Authors: Aranha Ana Caroline Raimundini , Defendi Rafael Oliveira , Bissaro Camila Andressa , Ferrari Andressa Lopes , Nardino Danielli Andrea , Michele Suzuki Rúbia , Madrona Grasiele Scaramal , Paschoal Sirlei Marques , Carmona Giovana Genari , de Souza Matias Gustavo , de Matos Jorge Luiz Mario
Published: September 2024

The present study aims to analyze the composition of black soybean seeds, evaluate the intermittent drying of black soybean seeds by fractional calculus, optimize the extraction conditions of the antioxidant compounds by varying the solvent ratio and the extraction time, fit traditional models of extraction kinetics, and compare with the fractional order model. Regarding the oil content, it is analyzed that black soybeans have a high lipid content (18.86%), an oil source of interest for research and industrial applications. Regarding drying, it was found that the first order model cannot be used to describe the kinetics of intermittent drying for black soybean seeds and the best kinetic fits were obtained with the Page and fractional order models, which can be applied in simulations of drying and dryer designs. Regarding the extraction process, ethanol/water 45/55 (v/v) solvent proportion obtained the highest antioxidant compound content during 1 h of extraction. So and MacDonald's and hyperbolic kinetic models presented the best fitting to experimental data. About the fractional order model, it is found that for extraction conditions with more significant amounts of water in the ethanolic solution, the α value obtained is less than 1, resulting in the phenomenon of subdiffusion. For the extraction condition with a low amount of water in the ethanolic solution, the α value was greater than 1, depicting a superdiffusion process.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Common Legionaminic Acid−Containing Pentasaccharide of Capsular Polysaccharides from Acinetobacter baumanniiK27 and K44†
Authors: Peng Jiarong , Hao Tianhui , Ma Wenjing , Xu Zhuojia , Li Tiehai
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Acinetobacter baumannii infections pose a great threat to public health owing to upsurging antibiotic resistance. Capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are major virulence determinants of pathogenic bacteria and have attracted much attention as potential targets for vaccine development. However, the obtainability of structurally well‐defined CPS‐related oligosaccharides remains challenging. Herein, we report an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy for the first total synthesis of common CPS pentasaccharide repeating unit of Acinetobacter baumannii K27 and K44, containing a difficult‐to‐construct α‐linked 5,7‐di‐N‐acetyllegionaminic acid (Leg5,7Ac2) residue. The chemical synthesis of a branched tetrasaccharide precursor was accomplished by flexible orthogonal protecting‐group manipulations and stereocontrolled glycosylations. Furthermore, the enzyme‐catalyzed stereoselective installment of legionaminic acid residue into the tetrasaccharide, using one‐pot multienzyme (OPME) synthesis system to produce sugar nucleotide CMP‐Leg5,7diN3 and subsequent α2,6‐sialyltransferase‐catalyzed glycosylation, was achieved to synthesize the pentasaccharide.
The role of organic matter in Brazilian Pre‐Salt carbonates
Authors: Lehn Ilana , de Oliveira Vasconcelos Crisógono
Published: September 2024

Diverse types of organic matter morphology were identified in Brazilian Pre‐salt carbonates. Stromatolites and laminated facies contain organic layers, filaments and rounded features inside calcite structures, as shrubs and spherulites. Analyses with optical and fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and ion mass spectrometry indicate the presence of organic compounds in thin sections. Fluorescent microscopy shows a high signal for organic portions in the thin section, mainly inside calcite structures and within the matrix. Scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy elemental mapping indicates the presence of carbon in the stromatolite facies, associated either with calcium and oxygen, indicating carbonate, or isolated from other elements, representing carbon content in the samples. The presence of organic matter along and inside calcite structures indicate a strong microbial influence in Brazilian Pre‐Salt carbonates precipitation. The purpose of this research is to show that the presence of organic matter is connected to the process of carbonate precipitation and/or dissolution. The occurrence of these organic compounds in distinguishing facies raises the discussion of biotic versus abiotic genesis of the Pre‐salt lacustrine reservoirs.
Marriage as an Argument for Energy Poverty Reduction: The Moderating Role of Financial Inclusion
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Ogbonna Amarachi O. , Mete Mariette C. N.
Published: September 2024

The present research extends the extant literature by investigating the hypothesis on whether marriage can be a substitute for financial inclusion in energy poverty reduction in Ghana. Pooled data and two‐stage least‐squares techniques are used in the estimation process; the validity of the tested hypothesis (i.e., that marriage is a substitute for financial inclusion in energy poverty mitigation) is based on three main criteria: (i) a positive interactive effect relative to the negative unconditional effect of marriage; (ii) a marriage net effect lower in magnitude compared to the unconditional effect of marriage; and (iii) an insignificant interactive effect when both unconditional effects are negative. The investigated hypothesis is not valid in the full sample, urban subsample, and female subsample while it is valid in the rural and male subsamples. Policy implications are discussed.
Effect of cutting and burning on grassland habitat in Bardia National Park, Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Birat , Karki Jhamak B. , Thapa Shyam Kumar , Bhandari Ashok , Basyal Bhawana
Published: September 2024

Management interventions are pivotal in shaping the ecosystems, particularly grassland habitats. This study examines the effects of cutting and burning treatments on vegetation composition, physical properties, and herbivore utilization patterns in Baghaura grassland, situated within Bardia National Park, Nepal. The study considers three treatment plots: cutting only, both cutting and burning, and burning only. Vegetation composition is evaluated using the point intercept method within 1 × 1 m quadrats. Grass samples are collected and weighed for fresh weight determination. Subsequently, samples are separated into green leaf, green stem, dead leaf, and dead stem components, and biomass and leaf‐stem proportion are calculated. The burned plots, characterized by Imperata cylindrica dominance, exhibit the highest species diversity. Furthermore, the burned‐only plots demonstrate significantly greater species height. Cut‐only plots display a higher proportion of green leaves and green stems, while the burned‐only plots exhibit higher mean dry biomass in dead leaves and dead stems. Grazing intensity is notably higher in the cut‐and‐burned plots. The regression model (y = −1.4095x + 98.4948) indicates a subtle, statistically nonsignificant relationship (R2 = 0.0395, p = 0.3205) between grazing intensity and grass height with low grazer diversity (H′ = 0.7). The study suggests that implementing small‐scale cutting followed by controlled burning during the dry season can provide herbivores with fresh, high‐quality forage throughout the year, thereby meeting their nutritional needs. These findings enhance our understanding of the effects of management interventions on grassland ecosystems and can inform the development of sustainable conservation strategies for similar habitats.
Physical therapy registries worldwide: A systematic review
Authors: Banaye Yazdipour Alireza , Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad , Nazary‐Moghadam Salman , Arji Goli , Meigooni Fatemeh Sadat Mirmohammad , Kimiafar Khalil , Shahmoradi Leila
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Nowadays, the demand for physical therapy services has grown significantly over the last few decades due to an aging population, a rise in chronic conditions, and increased awareness of the benefits of physical therapy for injury recovery and managing various health issues. Collecting and managing data from physical therapy services is highly significant and beneficial. One of the information management systems that facilitates data collection related to physical therapy services is a physical therapy registry. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify physical therapy registries worldwide and examine the characteristics and data elements of each registry.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE databases were searched from inception until March 19, 2023 by using keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms regarding “registries” and “physical therapy.” The criteria for inclusion in the study were: (1) studies with the English language; (2) original studies, and online access to the physical therapy registry is available; (3) full‐text available; (4) studies related to the aims of the study, and (5) studies that have sufficient available information regarding the minimum datasets and other characteristics physical therapy registry. The methodological quality of the included studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Effective Public Health Practice Project's (EPHPP) quality assessment tool.

Results

Sixteen studies were eligible to be included. The findings of this review indicated that the oldest physical therapy registry was established in 1992, while the newest one was established in 2017. The USA has the highest number of physical therapy registries (n = 7). Ten registries were funded by the government, and the data source for most registries was collected in clinics (n = 11). The geographical coverage of 10 registries was national. All registries collected administrative data (such as sociodemographic data, healthcare provider's data, and others) and clinical data (such as diagnosis, type of physical therapy intervention, pain location, comorbidities, and others) through web‐based systems. The data collection method in half of the registries was retrospective (n = 8 out of 16). According to the EPHPP quality assessment tool, 11 studies (73%) were rated as moderate, 3 (20%) as weak, and 1 (7%) as strong.

Conclusion

This systematic review found that most developed countries have implemented web‐based physical therapy registries to collect administrative and clinical data at the national level. It is recommended that developing countries design and implement similar registries based on these characteristics and extracted data elements. Additionally, these registries should be designed to enable data sharing and interoperability with other international health information systems.
Comprehensive review on Alzheimer's disease: From the posttranslational modifications of Tau to corresponding treatments
Authors: Li Xin , Ba Zhisheng , Huang Juan , Chen Jianhua , Jiang Jinyu , Huang Nanqu , Luo Yong
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which is mainly characterized by the abnormal deposition of β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) and Tau. Since Tau aggregation is more closely associated with synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline than Aβ, the correlation between Tau and cognitive function in AD has gradually gained attention. The posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of Tau are key factors contributing to its pathological changes, which include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, glycation, small ubiquitin‐like modifier mediated modification (SUMOylation), methylation, succinylation, etc. These modifications change the structure of Tau, regulating Tau microtubule interactions, localization, degradation, and aggregation, thereby affecting its propensity to aggregate and leading to neuronal injury and cognitive impairments. Among numerous PTMs, drug development based on phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation primarily involves enzymatic reactions, affecting either the phosphorylation or degradation processes of Tau. Meanwhile, methylation, glycosylation, and succinylation are associated with maintaining the structural stability of Tau. Current research is more extensive on phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and methylation, with related drugs already developed, particularly focusing on phosphorylation and ubiquitination. In contrast, there is less research on SUMOylation, glycosylation, and succinylation, requiring further basic research, with the potential to become novel drug targets. In conclusion, this review summarized the latest research on PTMs of Tau and related drugs, highlighting the potential of targeting specific PTMs for developing novel therapeutic strategies in AD.
Japanese family physicians' attitudes, difficulties, and perceived significance in managing mental health problems: A qualitative study
Authors: Kajikawa Natsuki , Yokoya Shoji , Ozone Sachiko
Published: September 2024

Background

Family physicians (FPs) are expected to identify, diagnose, and treat mental health problems. Despite challenges such as limited time and low confidence in their skill as mental health providers, FPs generally consider mental health as a meaningful part of their profession. However, the role of the FP in mental health services is not clearly established in Japan. Studies have not been performed in countries without an established role of FPs' in mental health care. This study investigated Japanese FP's attitudes, difficulties, and perceived significance in managing mental health problems.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted between September 2022 and February 2023. Participants were Japanese FPs involved in mental health care. Interview transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Thirteen FPs were interviewed. The FPs approached mental health problems “as a FP who provides holistic and comprehensive care” and “practice based on experience and self‐reflection.” The difficulties faced by FPs included “time management problems” and “referral management problems and conflicts.” Regarding significance, FPs mentioned that “gaining a deeper understanding of humanity” is important for managing mental health problems.

Conclusions

The attitude of Japanese FPs toward mental health care was based on awareness of the FP's specialty. Despite difficulties such as time and referral management issues, managing mental health problems was generally considered rewarding for professional growth.
Environmental toxicants modulate disease severity in pediatric metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Jain Ajay K. , Busgang Stefanie A. , Gennings Chris , Yates Katherine P. , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. , Rosenthal Philip , Murray Karen F. , Molleston Jean P. , Scheimann Ann , Xanthakos Stavra A. , Behling Cynthia A. , Carpenter Danielle , Fishbein Mark , Neuschwander‐Tetri Brent A. , Tonasia James , Vos Miriam B.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is common in children. We hypothesized environmental toxins could drive progression to metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and assayed serum toxins and metabolites in children with histologically characterized MASLD/MASH.

Methods

Environmental chemicals, common in household items, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polybrominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs]), and metabolic profiles were assayed in children enrolled in the multicenter NASH Clinical Research Network Pediatric Database 2. Mixture models, using repeated holdout weighted quantile sum regression (WQSrh) were run in addition to single chemical/metabolite logistic regression. For metabolomic analyses, random subset version of WQSrh was used for the large number of predictors versus participants. Nominal and false discovery rate (FDR) p‐values (two‐sided) were computed.

Results

Four hundred and thirty‐five children distributed across MASH (n = 293) and MASLD (n = 142), with 304 (69.9%) males. Mean (standard deviation) for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Score (NAS) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) for MASLD were 3.1 (1.0), 67.9 (43.4), and for MASH 4.2 (1.4), 144 (121). There was an inverse association between PFAS/PBDE mixture and MASH versus MASLD, lobular inflammation (p = 0.026), NAS (p = 0.009, FDR p = 0.04), and log‐transformed ALT (p = 0.005, FDR p = 0.025) driven by perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHXS). Metabolites from positive hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode, biliverdin (p = 0.002) and 1‐methylhistidine (associated with meat ingestion, p = 0.02) and reverse phase negative mode, hippuric acid (solvent exposure, p = 0.022) significantly associated with MASH.

Conclusions

Significant negative PFAS/PBDE mixture effect and odds of MASH were dominated by PHFXS. Several metabolites are significantly associated with MASH which inform mechanistic pathways and could drive key therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in children.
Immunometabolic Signature and Tauopathy Markers in Blood Cells of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Rosina Marco , Veltri Federica , Nesci Valentina , Bissacco Jacopo , Bovenzi Roberta , Mascioli Davide , Simonetta Clara , Zenuni Henri , Maftei Daniela , Marano Massimo , Pierantozzi Mariangela , Stefani Alessandro , Chiurchiù Valerio , Longone Patrizia , Valle Cristiana , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Ferri Alberto , Schirinzi Tommaso
Published: September 2024

Background

Peripheral immune cells critically contribute to the clinical‐pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases and also represent a reliable frame for translational applications. However, data on progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are almost scarce in this regard.

Objective

Our goal is to provide a broad biological characterization of peripheral immune cells in a selected PSP cohort.

Methods

Seventy‐one PSP patients scored on the PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS), and 59 controls were enrolled. The blood cell count was collected, together with the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) calculation. In a subgroup of patients and controls, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by the mitochondrial bioenergetic performance and the western blot assay of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor (NRF2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) pathway and the total tau (t‐tau) and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) proteins. Case–control comparison and correlation analyses were performed.

Results

PSP patients had a NLR higher than controls, with increased circulating neutrophils. The leukocyte metabolism was also globally increased and the NRF2/HO‐1 pathway activated in patients. P‐tau, but not t‐tau, significantly accumulated in PSP PBMCs and inversely correlated with the PSPRS.

Conclusions

PSP displays a systemic inflammatory shift of the peripheral immunity, which may justify a metabolic reprogramming of the blood leukocytes. Consistently, the NRF2/HO‐1 pathway, a master regulator of inflammatory and metabolic response, was activated. PBMCs also engulf tau proteins, especially p‐tau, in a way inverse to the disease severity, allowing for a peripheral tracking of tauopathy in patients. Immunometabolic targets may, therefore, gain relevance to PSP in biomarker or therapeutic purposes. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
What Color Is That Red Dress?
Authors: Hochman Jeremy , Koerner Brad
Published: September 2024

Now it is possible to apply color space and visual accuracy workflow advancements—from virtual production to post‐production to architectural‐scale signage applications.
AR/VR and MicroLED Displays—What Is Real?
Authors: Eccles Dave
Published: September 2024

Developments promise to transform how we interact with digital content and reshape the display industry landscape in the years to come.
A bottom‐up framework for nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making
Authors: Vázquez‐Calatayud Monica , Pumar‐Méndez María J. , Oroviogoicoechea Cristina
Published: September 2024

Aim

To develop a conceptual framework for nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making.

Design

Miles & Huberman's bottom‐up approach to developing conceptual frameworks was followed, using data collected from a multiple embedded case study examining protocol‐based decision‐making by nurses in three hospital wards within a university hospital in northern Spain.

Methods

The qualitative data from the case study, obtained through documentary analysis, observations, and interviews, underwent a secondary analysis consisting of four steps: data reduction, data display, comparison, and drawing conclusions.

Results

The framework for protocol‐based care decision‐making comprises four components: (1) protocol‐based care, as a balance between standardisation and individualised care, (2) the process, (3) the context, and (4) the elements of protocol‐based care decision‐making. These components and their relationship as a context‐dependent, linear, variable and multifactorial process, directly influenced by the perception of risk, are described and illustrated.

Conclusions

This study provides a rigorous bottom‐up framework for nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making. The framework could be a valuable resource for managers, clinical nurses, educators, and researchers to guide and evaluate nurses' decision‐making, leading to improved care quality and reduced variability in clinical practice. Furthermore, the framework lays a foundation for further research and practical applications.

Impact

This study addressed the problem of understanding nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making and the need for a specific conceptual framework. The main findings of the study contribute to the development of a rigorous bottom‐up framework comprising four components of protocol‐based care decision‐making. The framework has the potential to improve care quality, reduce variability, enhance patient safety, and increase healthcare efficiency by guiding nurses' decision‐making in various healthcare settings.

No Patient or Public Contribution

Patient or public contribution was not applicable since the study focused on nurses' decision making.
Public image of nursing in modern society: An evolving concept analysis
Authors: Duan Ying , Feng Xianqiong , Xiao Hengyi
Published: September 2024

Aims

This study aimed to analyse the evolution of the public image of nursing in the context of the constantly developing nursing profession.

Design

The Rodger's evolving concept analysis was applied.

Methods

PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched for articles published between 1 January 2001, and 30 April 2022, using the search terms; “NURS * AND image”. The selected literature was screened using Rodgers' evolutionary method to explore the attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept.

Results

The defining attributes were identified as nursing (nursing as the collective object), public (public as the collective subject) and information (the medium of interaction between the collective subject and the collective object). Nursing elements were classified into intrinsic elements (professional spirit, professional knowledge and professional skills) and extrinsic (appearance, language and behaviour) elements. Public elements were further subcategorized into public categories (internal organizational public and external organizational public) and public perceptions (cognition, emotion and behavioural intention). The information elements are mainly classified as information generation, dissemination, identification, processing and judgement. The antecedents and consequences of the public perception of nursing were also identified.

Conclusions

The public image of nursing is dynamic and has evolved over time. Its dynamism and malleability imply that the traditional public image of nursing can be improved through targeted interventions in nursing practice, management and education.

Implications for the Profession

Identifying the antecedents and consequences associated with the public image of nursing will help the healthcare organizations adopt effective strategies to alleviate the shortage of the nursing workforce and promote the development of the nursing profession.

No Patient or Public Contribution.
L1‐type finite element method for time‐fractional diffusion‐wave equations on nonuniform grids
Authors: Xu Xianyu , Chen Yanping , Huang Jian
Published: September 2024

As is well known, one of the main challenges in dealing with the time‐fractional diffusion‐wave equation is that the solutions have weak regularity at the initial values. This necessitates the use of nonuniform grids for error analysis. However, the theoretical analysis of nonuniform grids is relatively complex and lacks efficient and stable numerical methods. The main research problem addressed in this article is the time‐fractional diffusion‐wave equation on nonuniform grids. We use the order reduction method and discrete complementary convolution kernel to discretize the Caputo derivative of the equation and obtain the L1‐type finite element method on nonuniform grids. The properties related to discrete complementary convolutional kernels are often used for algorithm convergence analysis, which simplifies the process of finite element theory analysis and is efficient and innovative. This article demonstrates the solvability, stability, and convergence of the L1‐type finite element schemes on nonuniform grids. Finally, the consistency between the proposed finite element scheme and the convergence order results obtained from theoretical analysis was verified through experiments.
Advances in nanomaterials as exceptional fillers to reinforce carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers composites and their emerging applications
Authors: Luo Yuxin , Shi Zhicheng , Qiao Sijie , Tong Aixin , Liao Xiaohong , Zhang Tongrui , Bai Jie , Xu Chao , Xiong Xiaoman , Chen Fengxiang , Xu Weilin
Published: September 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites exhibit excellent characteristics such as light weight, high specific strength, specific stiffness, and chemical stability, making them customizable to meet the specific demands of various sectors such as the automotive, aerospace, defense, biomedical, and energy industries. However, the inert surface of carbon fibers (CFs) results in a poor interface compatibility with polymer matrices, leading to numerous interfacial defects and pores in prepared CFRP composites. These drawbacks significantly limit the application of CFRP composites in high‐end fields. The higher surface area and smaller size of nanomaterials provide multiple advantages for high‐performance CFRP composites that enhance the mechanical properties, impact resistance and interface adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. Hence, this review firstly summarizes the interfacial behavior and interface enhancement mechanisms for CFRP composites. Subsequently, we comprehensively review the recent advances in various nanomaterials‐modified CFRP composites, including carbon‐based nanoparticles, silicon‐based nanomaterials and metal nanomaterials, et al. Besides, we also present the applications of CFRP in emerging fields, such as military, aerospace, automotive, sports equipment, and medical, etc. Finally, we also prospected the challenges and future development trends of CFRP composites, aiming to provide new ideas and insights for future research on nanomaterial modifications and promote the development of high‐performance CFRP composites.

Highlights

The interface reinforced theory of CFRP is comprehensively summarized.

Different types of nanoparticles that can be used for reinforcement in CFRP composites and nanomaterials modification methods are reviewed.

Application of CFRP composites in various fields is presented.

Challenges and future development directions of preparation of high‐performance CFRP composites are proposed.
Preparation and characterization of a multifunctional film with excellent UV shielding, antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities containing cinnamaldehyde and titanium dioxide (TiO2)
Authors: Chen Xiangnan , Li Siwen , Liang Jihuan , Hu Ningdong
Published: September 2024

Soy protein isolated (SPI) have a wide application in the food packaging, but their water resistance, mechanical properties and antibacterial properties are not ideal for directly use. In our study, we developed a series of SPI composite films loaded with cinnamaldehyde and titanium dioxide (TiO2). X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV scanning spectra (UV) and spectro colorimeter were applied to indicate the structure of films. The incorporation of TiO2 (0.5%) caused a subsequent effect on the tensile property, UV blocking properties and water vapor properties (WVP). On the other hand, SPI film composed with a constant amount of TiO2 and different concentration of cinnamaldehyde showed an excellent synergistic effect to improve the tensile property, moisture content, UV blocking properties, water vapor properties and morphological characteristics. Furthermore, the composite films exhibited superior antibacterial activity when tested against both S. aureus and E. coli. The microstructure of the composite film become heterogeneous and rough after addition of TiO2 and cinnamaldehyde compare to control film. The findings of the present study may facilitate a re‐evaluation of the potential of using multiple compounds to prepare active edible films.
Energy absorption properties of origami‐based re‐entrant honeycomb sandwich structures with CFRP subjected to low‐velocity impact
Authors: Cui Zhen , Duan Yuechen , Qi Jiaqi , Zhang Feng , Li Bowen , Liu Mingyu , Jin Peng
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates a honeycomb sandwich structure that draws inspiration from the craft of origami. A specific folding pattern was applied to the honeycomb to create the origami‐based re‐entrant honeycomb (ORH), aimed at improving the energy absorption properties of the sandwich structure. The study on the energy absorption properties of structures under low‐velocity impact (LVI) utilized both experimental and numerical approaches. The energy absorption properties of the sandwich structure were examined by conducting LVI tests with different impact energy and then compared to the mechanical properties of the traditional re‐entrant honeycomb sandwich structures (TRHSS). Additionally, a refined finite element model has been established and its accuracy verified. Numerical studies were conducted to explore the effects of structural parameters on the energy absorption properties of ORH sandwich structure (ORHSS). The results show that the ORHSS exhibited a significant reduction in peak force when subjected to LVI, in contrast to the TRHSS. Furthermore, the ORHSS exhibit significant efficiency in energy absorption. Enhancing the wall thickness or folding angle can significantly improve the energy absorption properties of the ORHSS, thereby boosting the honeycomb's contribution to this process. This optimization results in an improved absorptive effect of the structure. The findings offer new recommendations for developing lightweight absorbent materials with potential applications across various industries.

Highlights

A novel composite sandwich structure serves as an efficient device for absorbing energy.

This sandwich structure exhibits excellent cushioning and energy absorption capabilities.

Changing geometric parameters can enhance the impact performance of the structure.

A larger folding angle makes the core more prone to deformation.

The greater the forward length of the ORH, the lower specific energy absorption (SEA) of the ORHSS.
Key Control Characteristics of Carbon Black Materials for Fuel Cells and Batteries for a Standardized Characterization of Surface Properties
Authors: Amin Amin Said , Caidi Adib , Lange Thomas , Radev Ivan , Sandbeck Daniel John Seale , Philippi Wladimir , Kräenbring Mena‐Alexander , Öztürk Melda , Peinecke Volker , Lerche Dietmar , Özcan Fatih , Segets Doris
Published: September 2024

Carbon Blacks (CBs) are primarily used in electrocatalysis as support materials for nanoparticulate electrocatalysts. In fuel cells, CBs, catalysts, and proton conductive polymers (ionomers) undergo a dispersion/homogenization process for electrode coating. The interactions between components in dispersion and the surface of CB particles are complex. The surface characteristics of CB particles impact slurry formulation, electrode coating, and the resulting electrode layer, affecting fuel cell and battery performance and durability. This study investigates commercially available CBs such as Vulcan XC72R, Ketjen Black EC‐300J, Ketjen Black EC‐600JD, and Super C65, focusing on application‐relevant key control characteristics (KCCs). The KCCs include physicochemical features like electrical conductivity (electron transport through the catalyst layer, CL), oxygen‐containing surface groups (hydrophilicity/phobicity of the CL, catalyst functionalization), surface basicity/acidity, ionomer adsorption, and particle dispersibility (catalyst ink stability). KCCs are determined by particle bulk electrical conductivity, Boehm titration (BT), isoelectric point (IEP), and Hansen solubility parameters (HSP). HSP, understood as similarity parameters for particles, indicate how nanoparticle surfaces interact with liquids during dispersion. The proposed KCCs serve as a starting point for characterizing CBs and guiding product design to obtain meaningful structure‐property relationships, essential for a successful energy transition.