bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the German Pruritus Questionnaire for the systematic assessment of chronic pruritus
Authors: Weisshaar Elke , Kupfer Jörg P. , Bentz Philipp , Staubach‐Renz Petra , Legat Franz , Kremer Andreas E. , Ständer Hartmut , Streit Markus , Darsow Ulf , Mettang Thomas , Ständer Sonja
Published: June 2024

Background

Chronic pruritus is a clinically heterogeneous symptom that manifests itself with varying duration, intensity, or quality. To date, there is no validated German‐language instrument that systematically assesses the relevant parameters. With the support of the Pruritus Research Working Group (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pruritusforschung, AGP), a questionnaire for the assessment of chronic pruritus (AGP questionnaire) was developed in 2008. The subsequently revised instrument, now called the German Pruritus Questionnaire, records pruritus‐specific parameters such as localization, course, intensity and quality, anamnestic data on the general state of health, sociodemographic data, quality of life, and coping methods. It is to be validated in the study presented here.

Patients and methods

The questionnaire was used in 366 patients with chronic pruritus of different etiologies from Germany (University Hospitals Heidelberg, Münster, Mainz, Erlangen, Giessen, private practice Bad Bentheim, TU Munich, Wiesbaden Kidney Center), Austria (Graz University Hospital) and Switzerland (Aarau Cantonal Hospital).

Results

The reliability for repeated completion (retest reliability) with regard to localization, first occurrence, and concomitant diseases showed high values for Cohen's kappa (> 0.8). The data on the retest reliability of the pruritus characteristics showed lower values (< 0.7). With regard to the measurability of practically relevant changes (change sensitivity), medium to strong effect sizes were found (0.09–0.19). A statistically significant differentiation of the pruritus etiologies based on the recorded parameters was not possible.

Conclusions

The German Pruritus Questionnaire allows a comprehensive and structured recording of patient‐ and clinician‐reported, relevant dimensions of chronic pruritus of different etiologies. Further adaptation and development are planned.
Fungi associated with shoot dieback of Pinus mugo subsp. mugo in the Polish Tatra Mountains
Authors: Jankowiak Robert , Bartnik Czesław , Ledwich Dominika , Bilański Piotr , Taerum Stephen J.
Published: June 2024

Dieback of dwarf pine scrub (Pinus mugo subsp. mugo) shoots can limit the growth of this species in subalpine areas of the Carpathian Mountains. In July 2023, extensive shoot decline was observed in P. mugo patches in the West Tatra Mountains in southern Poland. Symptomatic shoots showed shoot tip dieback and red‐brown needle discoloration. Internal symptoms included dark discoloration of the pith parenchyma and necrotic lesions in shoot periderms. In this study, we described the symptoms of P. mugo shoot dieback and surveyed the culturable fungi from asymptomatic and symptomatic P. mugo shoots, as well as the bases of needles growing from shoots. In addition, we conducted phylogenetic analyses to distinguish between potential cryptic species of Sydowia polyspora. The dwarf pine scrub shoots and needles were sampled from four patches in the Polish Tatra Mountains. In total, 128 distinct taxa were identified. Ascomycota was dominant, representing 96.6% of the isolates. Among the taxa identified, Sydowia polyspora crypt. sp. I, Lachnellula calyciformis, Mollisia sp. 8, Tympanis sp., Epicoccum mezzettii, E. nigrum, Infundichalara sp., Lophium mytilinum, Cytospora sp., Soosiella sp., Cladosporium westerdijkiae and Hendersonia pinicola were most frequently isolated. In most cases, tissue type and sample site significantly affected the abundance and composition of colonizing fungi. Only S. polyspora was found consistently in all sample types, suggesting that this fungus may be responsible for the shoot dieback of P. mugo. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that S. polyspora should be treated as a species complex containing at least four cryptic species (referred to as groups I–IV), that are highly host‐specific to different conifer species. We also found several other well‐known pathogens, namely Allantophomopsis pseudotsugae, Botrytis cinerea, Cytospora sp., Fusarium sp., Sirococcus conigenus and Tympanis sp., which may cause considerable damage to Pinus spp. shoots. Among them, only Cytospora sp., and Tympanis sp. were found often. This is the first comprehensive survey of the fungi associated with extensive shoot dieback of P. mugo in the Carpathian Mountains, and this research led to the discovery of numerous new fungal species associated with P. mugo.
Crowdfunding performance prediction using feature‐selection‐based machine learning models
Authors: Feng Yuanyue , Luo Yuhong , Peng Nianjiao , Niu Ben
Published: June 2024

Background

Crowdfunding is increasingly favoured by entrepreneurs for online financing. Predicting crowdfunding success can provide valuable guidance for stakeholders. It is a new attempt to evaluate the relative performance of different machine learning algorithms for crowdfunding prediction.

Objectives

This study aims to identify the key factors of crowdfunding, and find the different performance and usage of machine learning algorithms for crowdfunding prediction.

Method

We crawled data from MoDian.com, a Chinese crowdfunding platform, and predicted the crowdfunding performance using four machine learning algorithms, which is a new exploration in this area. Most of the existing literature focuses on empirical analysis. This work solves the problem of predicting crowdfunding performance using a dataset with a minimal number of highly contributive features, which has higher accuracy compared to the regression analysis.

Results

The experiment results show that feature‐selection‐based machine learning models are effective and beneficial in crowdfunding prediction.

Conclusion

Feature selection can significantly improve the prediction performance of the machine learning models. KNN achieved the best prediction results with five features: number of backers, target amount, number of project likes, number of project comments, and sponsor fans. The prediction accuracy was improved by 16%, the precision was improved by 13.23%, the recall was improved by 22.66%, the F‐score was improved by 18.48%, and the AUC was improved by 14.9%.
AES software and hardware system co‐design for resisting side channel attacks
Authors: Dong Liguo , Ye Xinliang , Zhuang Libin , Zhan Ruidian , Hossain M. Shamim
Published: June 2024

The threat of side‐channel attacks poses a significant risk to the security of cryptographic algorithms. To counter this threat, we have designed an AES system capable of defending against such attacks, supporting AES‐128, AES‐192, and AES‐256 encryption standards. In our system, the CPU oversees the AES hardware via the AHB bus and employs true random number generation to provide secure random inputs for computations. The hardware implementation of the AES S‐box utilizes complex domain inversion techniques, while intermediate data is shielded using full‐time masking. Furthermore, the system incorporates double‐path error detection mechanisms to thwart fault propagation. Our results demonstrate that the system effectively conceals key power information, providing robust resistance against CPA attacks, and is capable of detecting injected faults, thereby mitigating fault‐based attacks.
Queering child welfare and juvenile justice: Recommendations for affirming LGBTQ+ youth
Authors: Rodriguez Wiston A. , Hussain Sheharyar , Nadal Kevin L. , Sissoko D. R. Gina , Almanzar D' Andrah , Ealey Dashawn , Tejeda Emerson
Published: June 2024

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people have historically been subjected to maltreatment across multiple environments and systems – including their homes, schools, neighborhoods, workplaces, healthcare facilities, and more. The criminal justice and child welfare systems were built on the foundations of cisnormativity and heteronormativity, making LGBTQ+ youth susceptible to systemic oppression and discrimination when compared to their youth counterparts. As such, this paper examines the unique experiences of LGBTQ+ youth in the juvenile and child welfare systems by discussing the systemic inequities and unique challenges that exist for this population – beginning with the risk factors that make them susceptible to exposure to both systems in general. Furthermore, we provide practical recommendations for legal and clinical professionals to better serve their LGBTQ+ youth clients – ranging from changes in policies and legislation, increased staff training, and strategies to create safe and inclusive environments for all youth.
Equity/heritage and globalized human capital discourses in Ohio's Seal of Biliteracy policy, promotional materials, and stakeholder perceptions
Authors: Pshigusa Emre
Published: June 2024

This comparative case study explored the discourses in Ohio's Seal of Biliteracy (SoBL) policy and promotional materials, and the perceptions of stakeholders regarding its value and benefits in an urban, suburban, and rural district. In doing so, this study aimed to analyze the discourses adopted in the SoBL policy and promotional texts at the state level, and the perceptions of the stakeholders regarding its value and benefits. The findings revealed the dominance of globalized human capital (GHC) discourses in not only policy and promotional texts, but also in interviews. By adopting GHC discourses, both the promotional materials and the stakeholder interviews emphasized the marketability benefits of the SoBL, with little emphasis on linguistically minoritized students' home/heritage language maintenance as set forth in the original SoBL policy in California. The findings have implications for policy arbiters to ensure equitable and accessible policy implementation.
Content and language integrated pedagogy and language learning motivation in a socioeconomically marginalized school context
Authors: Ohki Shu , Cross Russell
Published: June 2024

Within school contexts that are socioeconomically marginalized, complex factors often lead to languages learning being devalued in ways which adversely impact students' potential, particularly their motivation to learn an additional language (L2). This paper examines the role of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in shaping students' L2 learning motivation within a school setting that is socioeconomically marginalized, and how it may offer a solution to this challenge. Drawing on Dörnyei's (2005) theory of the L2 Motivational Self System, this study analyzes qualitative data from a Japanese/Science CLIL course taught in one such Australian secondary school setting. Although the findings confirm previous research on CLIL's generally positive influence on student motivation, it also identifies instances of a negative impact with a certain student group. The paper concludes with the implication of CLIL‐based approaches for languages provision in challenging school contexts.
Dispersal, glacial refugia and temperature shape biogeographical patterns in European freshwater biodiversity
Authors: Cortés‐Guzmán Daniela , Sinclair James , Hof Christian , Kalusche Jan B. , Haase Peter
Published: June 2024

Aim

Temperature is regarded as an important driver of broad‐scale biodiversity patterns. However, less is known of the role of dispersal in shaping broad‐scale species and trait distributions, particularly given that species had to disperse out of glacial refugia after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here, we used a unique dataset describing the distributions of freshwater fauna combined with trait information to evaluate biodiversity relationships to distance to glacial refugia and temperature.

Location

Twenty‐five biogeographical regions across Europe.

Time Period

Data from species occurrence were gathered in 1978.

Major Taxa Studied

A total of 2816 freshwater invertebrate species and 230 freshwater fish species.

Methods

Using the occurrence of invertebrate and fish species in the biogeographical regions, and publicly available trait information, we analysed patterns in diversity indices (i.e. species richness, trait richness and trait redundancy), trait distribution and species and trait β‐diversity, and their relationship to distance to known glacial refugia and regional temperature.

Results

We show that distributions of European invertebrate and fish species and traits are primarily explained by distance to refugia and its covarying effect with temperature (i.e. refugia tend to be warmer). Specifically, species and trait richness were higher in regions proximate to refugia and lower in distant regions. Additionally, communities in colder and distant regions exhibited reduced niche dimensions and slower life histories, suggesting increased vulnerability to environmental change.

Main Conclusions

Species more distant from their refugia were characterized by higher dispersal capacities. Accordingly, since the LGM, only a subset of species was able to colonize distant regions, while many species have spatial ranges constrained by their dispersal capacity, increasing their potential for extinction under ongoing climate change. Therefore, additional conservation measures considering species' dispersal capacities are required.
PCK2 maintains intestinal homeostasis and prevents colitis by protecting antibody‐secreting cells from oxidative stress
Authors: Duan Kun‐Long , Wang Tian‐Xiang , You Jian‐Wei , Wang Hai‐Ning , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Huang Zi‐Xuan , Zhang Jin‐Ye , Sun Yi‐Ping , Xiong Yue , Guan Kun‐Liang , Ye Dan , Chen Li , Liu Ronghua , Yuan Hai‐Xin
Published: June 2024

Maintaining intracellular redox balance is essential for the survival, antibody secretion, and mucosal immune homeostasis of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs). However, the relationship between mitochondrial metabolic enzymes and the redox balance in ASCs has yet to be comprehensively studied. Our study unveils the pivotal role of mitochondrial enzyme PCK2 in regulating ASCs' redox balance and intestinal homeostasis. We discover that PCK2 loss, whether globally or in B cells, exacerbates dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced colitis due to increased IgA ASC cell death and diminished antibody production. Mechanistically, the absence of PCK2 diverts glutamine into the TCA cycle, leading to heightened TCA flux and excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production. In addition, PCK2 loss reduces glutamine availability for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, resulting in a decrease of total glutathione level. The elevated mtROS and reduced GSH expose ASCs to overwhelming oxidative stress, culminating in cell apoptosis. Crucially, we found that the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant Mitoquinone (Mito‐Q) can mitigate the detrimental effects of PCK2 deficiency in IgA ASCs, thereby alleviating colitis in mice. Our findings highlight PCK2 as a key player in IgA ASC survival and provide a potential new target for colitis treatment.
Beyond the office walls: Work design configurations for task performance across on‐site, hybrid and remote forms of work
Authors: Lamovšek Amadeja , Radević Ivan , Mohammed Shaima' Salem , Černe Matej
Published: June 2024

Despite alternative work arrangements becoming more prevalent, existing work design approaches are mostly based on research and practice of traditional on‐site work. Struggles with capturing employee performance are reported across different off‐site, non‐traditional forms of work, such as remote and hybrid. This article performs a comprehensive fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to juxtaposing different configurations of job characteristics across forms of work. Our multi‐source study is based on a matched sample of 1215 diverse working personnel (with supervisors, who evaluated employee performance) in Montenegro. Based on the pathways leading to task performance in different forms of work, we develop propositions centered on the key principles of designing traditional and alternative, non‐traditional forms of work. While we confirm the importance of enriched work design, several specific characteristics and their accompanying configurations (including compensatory effects) are highlighted with regard to the task performance achieved. These include high levels of task identity for all three forms of work (on‐site, hybrid and remote). Work performed in a traditional on‐site setting additionally requires greater task variety. Conversely, remote work requires high information processing and social support. The hybrid model calls for the most complicated work design that combines essential elements of both the on‐site and remote work paradigms, namely task variety and information processing, and also for enhanced mechanisms for job feedback. Hybrid work is a universal social phenomenon still on the uptake that likely represents the future of work, and since it combines traditional settings with information and communication technologies, we also emphasise the importance of field‐bridging future research of information systems and organisational design areas.
Role of water in fracture of modified silicate glasses
Authors: Maksimov Vasilii , Welch Rebecca S. , Potter Arron R. , Rimsza Jessica M. , Mauro John C. , Wilkinson Collin J.
Published: June 2024

Decarbonizing the glass industry requires alternative melting technology, as current industrial melting practices rely heavily on fossil fuels. Hydrogen has been proposed as an alternative to carbon‐based fuels, but the ensuing consequences on the mechanical behavior of the glass remain to be clarified. A critical distinction between hydrogen and carbon‐based fuels is the increased generation of water during combustion, which raises the equilibrium solubility of water in the melt and alters the behavior of the resulting glass. A series of five silicate glasses with 80% silica and variable [Na2O]/([H2O] + [Na2O]) ratios were simulated using molecular dynamics to elucidate the effects of water on fracture. Several fracture toughness calculation methods were used in combination with atomistic fracture simulations to examine the effects of hydroxyl content on fracture behavior. This study reveals that the crack propagation pathway is a key metric to understanding fracture toughness. Notably, the fracture propagation path favors hydrogen sites over sodium sites, offering a possible explanation of the experimentally observed effects of water on fracture properties.
Prenatal maternal infections and early childhood developmental outcomes: analysis of linked administrative health data for Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland
Authors: Hardie Iain , Murray Aja , King Josiah , Hall Hildigunnur Anna , Luedecke Emily , Marryat Louise , Thompson Lucy , Minnis Helen , Wilson Philip , Auyeung Bonnie
Published: June 2024

Background

Previous research has linked prenatal maternal infections to later childhood developmental outcomes and socioemotional difficulties. However, existing studies have relied on retrospectively self‐reported survey data, or data on hospital‐recorded infections only, resulting in gaps in data collection.

Methods

This study used a large linked administrative health dataset, bringing together data from birth records, hospital records, prescriptions and routine child health reviews for 55,856 children born in Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland, 2011–2015, and their mothers. Logistic regression models examined associations between prenatal infections, measured as both hospital‐diagnosed prenatal infections and receipt of infection‐related prescription(s) during pregnancy, and childhood developmental concern(s) identified by health visitors during 6‐8 week or 27‐30 month health reviews. Secondary analyses examined whether results varied by (a) specific developmental outcome types (gross‐motor‐skills, hearing‐communication, vision‐social‐awareness, personal‐social, emotional‐behavioural‐attention and speech‐language‐communication) and (b) the trimester(s) in which infections occurred.

Results

After confounder/covariate adjustment, hospital‐diagnosed infections were associated with increased odds of having at least one developmental concern (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.19–1.42). This was broadly consistent across all developmental outcome types and appeared to be specifically linked to infections occurring in pregnancy trimesters 2 (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.07–1.67) and 3 (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21–1.47), that is the trimesters in which foetal brain myelination occurs. Infection‐related prescriptions were not associated with any clear increase in odds of having at least one developmental concern after confounder/covariate adjustment (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.98–1.08), but were associated with slightly increased odds of concerns specifically related to personal‐social (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03–1.22) and emotional‐behavioural‐attention (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08–1.22) development.

Conclusions

Prenatal infections, particularly those which are hospital‐diagnosed (and likely more severe), are associated with early childhood developmental outcomes. Prevention of prenatal infections, and monitoring of support needs of affected children, may improve childhood development, but causality remains to be established.
Adaptations to a patient navigation program for follow‐up colonoscopy in rural primary care practices
Authors: Thompson Jamie H. , Rivelli Jennifer S. , Schneider Jennifer L. , Kenzie Erin S. , Myers Emily , Coury Jennifer , Davis Melinda , Gautom Priyanka , Coronado Gloria D.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Patient navigation is a recommended practice to improve cancer screenings among underserved populations including those residing in rural areas with care access barriers. We report on patient navigation programme adaptations to increase follow‐up colonoscopy rates after abnormal fecal testing in rural primary care practices.

Methods

Participating clinics delivered a patient navigation programme to eligible patients from 28 affiliated clinics serving rural communities in Oregon clustered within 3 Medicaid health plans. Patient navigation adaptations were tracked using data sources including patient navigation training programme reflections, qualitative interviews, clinic meetings, and periodic reflections with practice facilitators.

Findings

Initial, planned (proactive) adaptations were made to address the rural context; later, unplanned (reactive) adaptations were implemented to address the impact of the COVID‐19 global pandemic. Initial planned adaptations to the patient navigation programme were made before the main trial to address the needs of the rural context, including provider shortages and geographic dispersion limiting both patient access to care and training opportunities for providers. Later unplanned adaptations were made primarily in response to COVID‐19 care suspension and staff redeployments and shortages that occurred during implementation.

Conclusion

While unplanned adaptations were implemented to address the contextual impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on care access patterns and staffing, the changes to training content and context were beneficial to the rural setting overall and should be sustained. Our findings can guide future efforts to optimise the success of such programmes in other rural settings and highlight the important role of adaptations in implementation projects.
Foreign corporations as large shareholders
Authors: Jiang Fuxiu , Kim Kenneth A. , Nofsinger John R. , Zhu Bing
Published: June 2024

In this article, we examine foreign corporate shareholders in China. We find that they play an active and effective corporate governance role that improves firm performance. The results are robust to tests that address endogeneity, selection bias, and direction‐of‐causality concerns. The methods for which foreign corporations exert effective oversight are identified: (1) they actively and effectively monitor firms (i.e., they are more likely to fire [reward] managers for poor [good] firm performance), (2) they invest more in innovation, (3) they are better at selecting investment projects, and (4) they help generate more foreign sales.
Sowing seeds: The impact of financial socialization on the financial understanding of young children and preschoolers
Authors: Fletcher Mary , Wright Robert
Published: June 2024

This paper is concerned with the relationship between financial socialization and financial understanding among young children. Measures of financial understanding, appropriate for 4–6 year olds, are developed. Regression analysis is used to relate these measures statistically to a set of financial socialization variables and control variables related to the child, their parents, and their household. Data collected in the nationally representative child and parent 2016 UK Children and Young People's Financial Capability Survey are used. A key empirical finding is that financial understanding is about 10% higher for children whose parents regularly discuss with their children how they spend their money. The analysis suggests that around 20% of parents do not discuss financial matters with their children. It is likely that variation in early‐life financial socialization is important in explaining variation in later‐life financial understanding. Further research is needed to establish if this relationship is causal.
Long‐term duration and safety of Radiesse (+) for the treatment of jawline
Authors: Green Jeremy B. , Del Campo Roberta , Durkin Alan J. , Funt David K. , Nasrallah Nicole , Martinez Keith , Moradi Amir
Published: June 2024

Background

Calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA)‐carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)+ has unique properties that make it optimal for lifting, contouring, and defining the jawline. This long‐term follow‐up of a randomized, multicenter, rater‐blinded trial reports efficacy and safety of CaHA‐CMC(+) through 48 and up to 60 weeks post‐treatment.

Methods

Eligible patients were randomized (2:1) to the treatment or the control/delayed treatment group to receive CaHA‐CMC(+) injections in both jawlines. While touch‐ups were permitted 4 weeks post‐treatment for both groups, only the treatment group was eligible for optional retreatment after 48 weeks. The primary outcome was ≥1‐point improvement on both jawlines on the Merz Jawline Assessment Scale (MJAS); secondary endpoints included the Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (SGAIS) among others. Post hoc analysis included pooling up to 48‐week data from the combined treatment and control/delayed groups and 60‐week data for the treatment group.

Results

Overall, 175 received treatment. MJAS responder rates were 77.9%, 78.7%, and 62.9% at 12, 24, and 48 weeks post‐treatment, respectively. Responder rate on the MJAS at 60 weeks was 74.6% for those who received retreatment and 43.5% for those patients who received only the initial and touchup treatments. SGAIS scores demonstrated 93.4%, 85.6%, and 68.5% of patients rated themselves very much improved after 12, 24, and 48 weeks, respectively. Adverse events consisted of procedure or CaHA‐CMC(+)‐related events that were mostly resolved and overwhelmingly mild.

Conclusions

CaHA‐CMC(+) produced clinically meaningful and long‐lasting improvements in jawline contour and was well tolerated in patients through 60 weeks.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03583359.
Pial collaterals limit stroke progression and metabolic stress in hypoperfused tissue: An MRI perfusion and mq‐BOLD study
Authors: Frank Franziska , Kaczmarz Stephan , Preibisch Christine , Deichmann Ralf , Nöth Ulrike , Wagner Marlies , Seiler Alexander
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose

In acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large‐vessel occlusion (LVO), the relationship between cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) as the hallmark of the ischemic penumbra and leptomeningeal collateral supply is not well established. We aimed to investigate the relationship between pial collateralization and tissue oxygen extraction in patients with LVO using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Data from 14 patients with anterior circulation LVO who underwent MRI before acute stroke treatment were analyzed. In addition to diffusion‐weighted imaging and perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI), the protocol comprised sequences for multiparametric quantitative blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent imaging for the calculation of relative OEF (rOEF). Pial collateral supply was quantitatively assessed by analyzing the signal variance in T2*‐weighted PWI time series. Relationships between collateral supply, infarct volume, rOEF in peri‐infarct hypoperfused tissue, and clinical stroke severity were assessed.

Results

The PWI‐based parameter quantifying collateral supply was negatively correlated with baseline ischemic core volume and rOEF in the hypoperfused peri‐infarct area (p < .01). Both reduced collateral supply and increased rOEF correlated significantly with higher scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (p < .05). Increased rOEF within hypoperfused tissue was associated with higher baseline (p = .043) and follow‐up infarct volume (p = .009).

Conclusions

Signal variance‐based mapping of collaterals with PWI depicts pial collateral supply, which is closely tied to tissue pathophysiology and clinical and imaging outcomes. Magnetic‐resonance‐derived mapping of cerebral rOEF reveals penumbral characteristics of hypoperfused tissue and might provide a promising imaging biomarker in AIS.
Attitudes and behaviours of mental health professionals in the care of transgender people: A qualitative study
Authors: Cutillas‐Fernández M. Asunción , Jiménez‐Ruiz Ismael , Herrera‐Giménez María , Jiménez‐Barbero Jose Antonio
Published: June 2024

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

Mental health professionals' beliefs about transgender individuals vary, often influenced by stereotypes.

There's recognition of healthcare needs, but limited knowledge impacts decision‐making.

Stereotypes persist regarding why transgender individuals seek mental health care.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Professionals' attitudes show both positive support and negative, discriminatory views.

Lack of training and knowledge gaps hinder effective care for transgender individuals.

Pathologising attitudes exist, associating gender diversity with mental health conditions.

What Are the implications for practice?

Addressing training gaps is crucial for equitable care for transgender individuals.

Challenging stereotypes and beliefs is necessary to reduce stigma and improve understanding.

Enhancing knowledge and evidence‐based tools will ensure safe and equal healthcare access.

Introduction

Transgender people face against significant barriers in accessing mental health services due to, among other reasons, discrimination and a lack of expertise among professionals.

Aim

To explore the beliefs and attitudes of professionals in the mental health network of the region of Murcia towards transgender people, focusing on aspects such as knowledge, perceptions, and prejudices about gender identity.

Method

We carried out a qualitative study involving 14 participants, conducting semi‐structured interviews based on prior knowledge of the topic. We asked the professionals about their experiences and challenges in their clinical interaction with transgender users and followed an inductive‐deductive process to analyse the data.

Results

Two main themes were identified from the interviews, which were sub‐categorised into different sub‐themes: (a) beliefs about transgender people: underlying factors and origins of gender diversity, health needs, and stereotypes about the demand for health care; (b) attitudes and behaviours of professionals towards transgender people: pathologization and attitudes towards decision‐making.

Discussion/Implications for Practice

Our findings suggest that mental health professionals tend to oversimplify the factors underlying gender diversity and hold certain stereotypical beliefs about these users that oversimplify the complexity of their experiences.
Ca2+‐mediated reactive oxygen species signaling regulates cell repair after mechanical wounding in the red alga Griffithsia monilis
Authors: Hong Chan Young , Yun Ji Ho , Kim Gwang Hoon
Published: June 2024

Mechanical damage to a cell can be fatal, and the cell must reseal its membrane and restore homeostasis to survive. Plant cell repair involves additional steps such as rebuilding vacuoles, rearranging chloroplasts, and remodeling the cell wall. When we pierced a Griffithsia monilis cell with a glass needle, a large amount of intracellular contents was released, but the cell membrane resealed in less than a second. The turgor of the vacuole was quickly restored, and the punctured cell returned to its original shape within an hour. Organelles such as chloroplasts and nuclei migrated to the wound site for 12 h and then dispersed throughout the cell after the wound was covered by a new cell wall. Using fluorescent probes, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium were detected at the wound site from 3 h after wounding, which disappeared when cell repair was complete. Wounding in a solution containing ROS scavengers inhibited cellular repair, and inhibiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity or blocking calcium influx reversibly inhibited cell repair. Oryzalin reversibly inhibited both chloroplast movement and ROS production during cell repair. Our results show that cell repair in G. monilis is regulated by calcium‐mediated ROS signaling and that microtubules serve as mechanical effectors.
Oclacitinib (APOQUEL®) is a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor with efficacy in a canine model of flea allergic dermatitis
Authors: Gonzales Andrea J. , Aleo Michelle , Mahabir Sean , Messamore James , Stegemann Michael
Published: June 2024

Oclacitinib is a novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that potently inhibits JAK1‐dependent cytokines involved in allergy, inflammation, and pruritus (IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐13, and IL‐31). Oclacitinib (Apoquel®, Zoetis Inc, Parsippany, NJ) is approved for the treatment/control of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis and treatment/control of clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in dogs at least 12 months of age. To evaluate the effectiveness of oclacitinib in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis, the JAK1 selective inhibitor was tested in a placebo‐controlled, masked, single‐dose (0.4 mg/kg) or repeat‐dose (0.4 mg/kg, twice daily for 2 weeks) study. Pruritic behaviors were quantitated by video recording, and erythema and skin lesions were assessed using a 10‐cm visual analog scale (VAS). Results showed that oclacitinib reduced pruritus by 61% as early as 1.5 h after a single oral dose compared to placebo, with an average reduction (compared to placebo) of 85% 1–5 h after dosing (0.4 mg/kg; p < .0001). Oclacitinib also significantly reduced erythema (p < .0001) and skin lesion (p < .0005) VAS scores on Day 14 compared to placebo in a repeat dose study. No adverse events were noted during the conduct of these studies. IL‐31 concentrations were elevated in the majority of dogs after flea infestation, suggesting JAK1‐dependent cytokines may drive clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis. These findings show that oclacitinib, an inhibitor of JAK1‐dependent cytokines involved in allergy and inflammation can rapidly reduce clinical signs associated with flea allergic dermatitis in dogs.
The renal apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter expression rescue attenuates renal damage in diabetic nephropathy via farnesoid X receptor activation
Authors: Li Youmei , Pang Shuguang , Guo Honggang , Yang Shuo
Published: June 2024

Aim

Bile acids (BA) function as signalling molecules regulating glucose‐lipid homeostasis and energy expenditure. However, the expression of the apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) in the kidney, responsible for renal BA reabsorption, is downregulated in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Using the db/db mouse model of DKD, this study aimed to investigate the effects of rescuing ASBT expression via adeno‐associated virus‐mediated delivery of ASBT (AAVASBT) on kidney protection.

Methods

Six‐week‐old male db/db mice received an intraparenchymal injection of AAVASBT at a dose of 1 × 1011 viral genomes (vg)/animal and were subsequently fed a chow diet for 2 weeks. Male db/m mice served as controls. For drug treatment, daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist guggulsterone (GS, 10 mg/kg) were administered one day after initiating the experiment.

Results

AAVASBT treatment rescued renal ASBT expression and reduced the urinary BA output in db/db mice. AAVASBT treatment activated kidney mitochondrial biogenesis and ameliorated renal impairment associated with diabetes by activating FXR. In addition, the injection of FXR antagonist GS in DKD mice would reverse these beneficial effects by AAVASBT treatment.

Conclusion

Our work indicated that restoring renal ASBT expression slowed the course of DKD via activating FXR. FXR activation stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis while reducing renal oxidative stress and lipid build up, indicating FXR activation's crucial role in preventing DKD. These findings further suggest that the maintenance of renal BA reabsorption could be a viable treatment for DKD.
Long‐term soil warming changes the profile of primary metabolites in fine roots of Norway spruce in a temperate montane forest
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Heinzle Jakob , Tian Ye , Salas Erika , Kwatcho Kengdo Steve , Borken Werner , Schindlbacher Andreas , Wanek Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

Climate warming poses major threats to temperate forests, but the response of tree root metabolism has largely remained unclear. We examined the impact of long‐term soil warming (>14 years, +4°C) on the fine root metabolome across three seasons for 2 years in an old spruce forest, using a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry platform for primary metabolite analysis. A total of 44 primary metabolites were identified in roots (19 amino acids, 12 organic acids and 13 sugars). Warming increased the concentration of total amino acids and of total sugars by 15% and 21%, respectively, but not organic acids. We found that soil warming and sampling date, along with their interaction, directly influenced the primary metabolite profiles. Specifically, in warming plots, concentrations of arginine, glycine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, mannose, ribose, fructose, glucose and oxaloacetic acid increased by 51.4%, 19.9%, 21.5%, 19.3%, 22.1%, 23.0%, 38.0%, 40.7%, 19.8% and 16.7%, respectively. Rather than being driven by single compounds, changes in metabolite profiles reflected a general up‐ or downregulation of most metabolic pathway network. This emphasises the importance of metabolomics approaches in investigating root metabolic pathways and understanding the effects of climate change on tree root metabolism.
Causal Models and Metaphysics—Part 2: Interpreting Causal Models
Authors: McDonald Jennifer
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the question of what constitutes an apt interpreted model for the purpose of analyzing causation. I first collect universally adopted aptness principles into a basic account, flagging open questions and choice points along the way. I then explore various additional aptness principles that have been proposed in the literature but have not been widely adopted, the motivations behind their proposals, and the concerns with each that stand in the way of universal adoption. I conclude that the remaining work of articulating aptness for a SEM analysis of causation is tied up with issues to do with modality, ontology, and mereology. Continuing this work is therefore likely to shed light on the relationship between these areas and causation more generally.
A longitudinal study of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors transitions and help‐seeking intentions among young adults
Authors: Wang Juan , Han Meng , Xi Yingjun , He Xiaoxiao , Feng Yi , Chen Runsen
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Engagement in self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) is associated with low help‐seeking intentions. Nevertheless, prior research has primarily relied on cross‐sectional data, leaving uncertainties about the longitudinal dynamics between SITBs and help‐seeking intentions. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between SITBs and help‐seeking intentions for them.

Method

A one‐year interval follow‐up investigation was conducted among 1788 Chinese students (71.5% girls, Mage = 19.5). Changes in help‐seeking intentions were initially analyzed among four SITBs transition groups. Subsequently, a cross‐lagged model was employed to explore the possible bidirectional associations.

Results

232 participants (12.90%) experienced changes in SITBs, while 65 participants (3.60%) exhibited sustained SITBs between two measurement time points. Changes in help‐seeking intentions varied across SITBs transition groups. Participants whose SITBs faded 1 year later showed a significant increase in help‐seeking intentions, whereas those who experienced newly developed SITBs across two measurement time points demonstrated a significant decline. The cross‐lagged analysis revealed that help‐seeking intentions negatively predicted the subsequent risk of experiencing SITBs.

Conclusions

Greater help‐seeking intentions predicted decreased SITBs 1 year later. Changes in help‐seeking intentions serve as a valuable indicator for distinguishing between different types of SITBs transition. These findings underscore the importance of implementing prevention and intervention strategies targeted at enhancing help‐seeking intentions to reduce SITBs.
Genetically predicted TWEAK mediates the association between lipidome and Keratinocyte Carcinomas
Authors: Lei Hao , Chen Xin , Bai Ruimin , Wang Qian , Xian Ningyi , Zhao Xinrong , Zhou Xiaolin , Zheng Yan , Wang Guorong
Published: June 2024

Background

Reports suggest that lipid profiles may be linked to the likelihood of developing skin cancer, yet the exact causal relationship is still unknown.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the connection between lipidome and skin cancers, as well as investigate any possible mediators.

Methods

A two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted on 179 lipidomes and each skin cancer based on a genome‐wide association study (GWAS), including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Then, Bayesian weighted MR was performed to verify the analysis results of two‐sample MR. Moreover, a two‐step MR was employed to investigate the impact of TNF‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)‐mediated lipidome on skin cancer rates.

Results

MR analysis identified higher genetically predicted phosphatidylcholine (PC) (17:0_18:2) could reduce the risk of skin tumors, including BCC (OR = 0.9149, 95% CI: 0.8667–0.9658), SCC (OR = 0.9343, 95% CI: 0.9087–0.9606) and melanoma (OR = 0.9982, 95% CI: 0.9966–0.9997). The proportion of PC (17:0_18:2) predicted by TWEAK‐mediated genetic prediction was 6.6 % in BCC and 7.6% in SCC. The causal relationship between PC (17:0_18:2) and melanoma was not mediated by TWEAK.

Conclusion

This study identified a negative causal relationship between PC (17:0_18:2) and keratinocyte carcinomas, a small part of which was mediated by TWEAK, and most of the remaining mediating factors are still unclear. Further research on other risk factors is needed in the future.
Comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a new multi‐component anti‐aging topical eye cream
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Xinyuan , Wang Hua , Guo Miao , Zhang Jinlong , Feng Xuejiao , Yu Jiayi , Yang Jiahui , Zhu Jinjin , Wang Yiyu
Published: June 2024

Background

The delicate periorbital region is susceptible to skin dehydration, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity. Thus, targeted and effective anti‐aging interventions are necessary for the periorbital area.

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new anti‐aging eye cream formulated with the active complex (Yeast/rice fermentation filtrate, N‐acetylneuraminic acid, palmityl tripeptide‐1, and palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7).

Methods

The cell viability and expressions of key extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the active complex were evaluated using a human skin fibroblast model. In the 12‐week clinical trial, skin hydration, elasticity, facial photographs, and collagen density following eye cream application were assessed using Corneometer, Cutometer, VISIA, and ultrasound device, respectively. Dermatologists and participants evaluated clinical efficacy and safety at baseline, and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Results

PCR and immunofluorescent analyses revealed that the active complex significantly stimulated fibroblast proliferation (p < 0.05) and markedly promote the synthesis of collagen and elastin. Clinical findings exhibited a substantial enhancement in skin hydration (28.12%), elasticity (18.81%), and collagen production (54.99%) following 12 weeks of eye cream application. Dermatological evaluations and participants’ assessments reported a significant improvement in skin moisture, roughness, elasticity, as well as fine lines and wrinkles by week 8.

Conclusion

The new anti‐aging eye cream, enriched with the active complex, demonstrates comprehensive rejuvenating effects, effectively addressing aging concerns in the periorbital area, coupled with a high safety profile.
The limited potential of soil and vegetation in urban greenspace for nature‐based offsetting of institutional carbon emissions
Authors: Wang Jiaqian , Manning David A. C. , Werner David
Published: June 2024

The soil and vegetation of urban greenspace can potentially contribute to ambitious climate action plans declared by city institutions and councils. To assess how urban greenspace could make a contribution to institutional carbon management, we measured soil carbon at 42 sampling locations across three land‐covers and vegetation carbon of 490 trees (67 species), over the city campus of Newcastle University. Soil carbon varied with pH and land‐cover classes (lawned with some free‐standing trees, woodland park, sports fields), and tree cover significantly enhanced soil carbon storage. Soil carbon storage from 0 to 30 cm depth averaged 18.85 kg·m−2, more than double the tree carbon storage (average 7.66 kg·m−2) estimated using biomass empirical equations. According to our scenarios, even if all currently available urban greenspace were converted to woodland, this would offset only 1% of current annual greenhouse gas emissions of Newcastle University or, if implemented more widely, of Newcastle city overall. While urban woodland brings benefits beyond carbon storage, the limit to what can be achieved within cities emphasizes the need for urban–rural partnerships. In exchange for helping cities with carbon abatement, their surrounding rural regions could benefit from carbon offsetting payments to improve their infrastructure provision. Overall, a carbon‐friendly and nature‐based land management strategy should be developed with full consideration of collaborative partnerships between urban and surrounding rural areas, particularly placing a high value on soil and tree carbon.
Characterisation of five new variants of HLA‐DPA1
Authors: Marín Rubio Luis Alberto , Ontañón Jesús
Published: June 2024

Genomic sequence of HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01:73, ‐DPA1*01:03:01:80, DPA1*01:03:01:82, ‐DPA1*01:155:01:02, ‐DPA1*02:02:02:16 alleles in Spanish individuals.