bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Finite Element Analysis and Fatigue Failure Model to Estimate Costs of Pavement Damage Caused by Heavy Vehicles
Authors: Dong Qiao , Huang Baoshan , Shu Xiang , Zhou Changjun , Maxwell James
Published: February 2015

The transportation of heavy loads potentially causes more damage to pavements than regular vehicle traffic. This study investigated the impact of heavy vehicles on asphalt pavement to optimize axle configurations, select routes, and estimate permit costs. Finite element analysis, validated by field measurement, was used to evaluate pavement responses under various heavy load scenarios. From the results, the remaining pavement service life was predicted with the use of pavement distress models. The permit cost for a single pass of a heavy vehicle was estimated from the reduction of pavement fatigue life and associated pavement maintenance cost. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine factors affecting pavement fatigue damage and permit costs. Field measurement indicated that a significant longitudinal pavement defection occurred under the heavy vehicle. The results from finite element analysis showed a significant overlapping effect between multiple axles over the depth. Pavement defection was caused mainly by the deformation within subgrade soil. Generally, pavements with high thickness and stiffness would incur less damage and lower permit cost. A pavement structure with deep bedrock would incur more damage and higher cost. Because of the temperature dependency of asphalt mixtures, the damage cost in winter was much less than that in summer, even considering the potential weak subgrade during the spring thaw. It was also found that newly constructed pavements would incur higher permit cost than relatively older pavements. To reduce potential pavement damage and the associated cost effectively, the number of dollies and axle distance should be increased to spread the load to a larger area.
Safety Impact of Pavement Conditions
Authors: Li Yingfeng , Huang Jie
Published: February 2015

Pavement condition has been known as a key factor related to ride quality, but it is less clear how pavement condition is related to traffic crashes. The researchers used a geographic information system to link data from the Texas Department of Transportation crash record information system and the pavement management information system. Linking the data provided an opportunity to examine in depth the impact of pavement conditions on traffic crashes. This study analyzed the correlation between four key pavement condition scores and crash rates on a large number of crashes on Texas asphalt nonfreeway roadways between 2008 and 2009. The results overwhelmingly suggest that very good pavement conditions coincide with much lower crash rates compared with very poor conditions. The findings of this study provide insights into how pavement conditions might affect crash rates on different types of roadways. The study also provides critical knowledge that may lead to improvements in safety-oriented pavement design. Because of funding shortages, many state roadways suffer severe pavement deterioration, which may result in increased crash rates, as this study suggests. The findings of this study serve as scientific justification for more adequate maintenance of roadways to avoid further safety deterioration. The researchers recommend that state highway agencies maintain fair or good pavement conditions, at a minimum, on all major state highways. When possible, very good pavement conditions should be maintained to reduce crashes.
Aggregating and Modeling Automated Pavement Condition Survey Data for Flexible Pavements for Use in Pavement Management
Authors: Lea Jeremy D. , Harvey John T. , Tseng Ester
Published: February 2015

The paper documents part of the initial engineering configuration of the new California pavement management system, known as PaveM. This paper examines the aggregation of flexible pavement cracking data from the automated pavement condition survey to network management sections and the combination of these measurements into condition variables, along with the decision tree that is used to determine treatments. The performance models used to predict condition are detailed, along with the statistical methodology used to develop them. The paper discusses some of the pitfalls of using highly detailed survey data, along with the benefits, and the lessons learned in the process.
Interactive Decision Support System for Predicting Flashing Yellow Arrow Left-Turn Mode by Time of Day
Authors: Abou-Senna Hatem , Radwan Essam , Harb Rami C. , Navarro Alex , Chalise Sandesh
Published: February 2015

Accommodation of left turns at signalized intersections has been a challenge for traffic engineers seeking a balance between two conflicting goals: capacity and safety. The use of a four-section display for the left-turn lane only with a flashing yellow arrow indication for permissive left turns has been deemed the new standard for signalization. With the advent of this new signal configuration, the opportunity to take the protected–permitted left-turn mode to a new level of operation has been presented. Although numerous studies have developed warrants and guidelines for selecting types of left-turn control, no clear or uniform standards for the implementation of a variable left-turn mode that changes by time of day are currently available. This study developed an interactive decision support system for evaluating left-turn phasing alternatives by time of day by the use of a custom-design approach. The resultant model predicts the number of left turns during the permitted phase under different intersection conditions and assesses the operational and safety aspects warranting a permitted left-turn phase on the basis of specific criteria and thresholds; comparison of the amount of permitted green time given throughout the hour with the number of permitted left turns determines whether the opposing traffic flow is operating near or at saturation. The guidelines that were developed will provide traffic engineers with the tools that they need to use the efficiency of the permitted left-turn phase. Furthermore, the decision support system that was developed will assist traffic management centers with the identification of intersections requiring attention to or modification of the left-turn mode.
Nelson's syndrome: a review of the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies
Authors: Patel Jimmy , Eloy Jean Anderson , Liu James K.
Published: February 2015

Nelson's syndrome is a rare clinical manifestation that occurs in 8%–47% of patients as a complication of bilateral adrenalectomy, a procedure that is used to control hypercortisolism in patients with Cushing's disease. First described in 1958 by Dr. Don Nelson, the disease has since become associated with a clinical triad of hyperpigmentation, excessive adrenocorticotropin secretion, and a corticotroph adenoma. Even so, for the past several years the diagnostic criteria and management of Nelson's syndrome have been inadequately studied. The primary treatment for Nelson's syndrome is transsphenoidal surgery. Other stand-alone therapies, which in many cases have been used as adjuvant treatments with surgery, include radiotherapy, radiosurgery, and pharmacotherapy. Prophylactic radiotherapy at the time of bilateral adrenalectomy can prevent Nelson's syndrome (protective effect). The most promising pharmacological agents are temozolomide, octreotide, and pasireotide, but these agents are often administered after transsphenoidal surgery. In murine models, rosiglitazone has shown some efficacy, but these results have not yet been found in human studies. In this article, the authors review the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and efficacy of multimodal treatment strategies for Nelson's syndrome.
Global cancer statistics, 2012
Authors: Torre Lindsey A. , Bray Freddie , Siegel Rebecca L. , Ferlay Jacques , Lortet‐Tieulent Joannie , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: February 2015

Cancer constitutes an enormous burden on society in more and less economically developed countries alike. The occurrence of cancer is increasing because of the growth and aging of the population, as well as an increasing prevalence of established risk factors such as smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, and changing reproductive patterns associated with urbanization and economic development. Based on GLOBOCAN estimates, about 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths occurred in 2012 worldwide. Over the years, the burden has shifted to less developed countries, which currently account for about 57% of cases and 65% of cancer deaths worldwide. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among males in both more and less developed countries, and has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among females in more developed countries; breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death among females in less developed countries. Other leading causes of cancer death in more developed countries include colorectal cancer among males and females and prostate cancer among males. In less developed countries, liver and stomach cancer among males and cervical cancer among females are also leading causes of cancer death. Although incidence rates for all cancers combined are nearly twice as high in more developed than in less developed countries in both males and females, mortality rates are only 8% to 15% higher in more developed countries. This disparity reflects regional differences in the mix of cancers, which is affected by risk factors and detection practices, and/or the availability of treatment. Risk factors associated with the leading causes of cancer death include tobacco use (lung, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer), overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (breast and colorectal cancer), and infection (liver, stomach, and cervical cancer). A substantial portion of cancer cases and deaths could be prevented by broadly applying effective prevention measures, such as tobacco control, vaccination, and the use of early detection tests. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65: 87–108. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
In Vivo Molecular Responses of Fast and Slow Muscle Fibers to Lipopolysaccharide in a Teleost Fish, the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Magnoni Leonardo , Roher Nerea , Crespo Diego , Krasnov Aleksei , Planas Josep
Published: February 2015

The physiological consequences of the activation of the immune system in skeletal muscle in fish are not completely understood. To study the consequences of the activation of the immune system by bacterial pathogens on skeletal muscle function, we administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an active component of Gram-negative bacteria, in rainbow trout and performed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in skeletal muscle. We examined changes in gene expression in fast and slow skeletal muscle in rainbow trout at 24 and 72 h after LPS treatment (8 mg/kg) by microarray analysis. At the transcriptional level, we observed important changes in metabolic, mitochondrial and structural genes in fast and slow skeletal muscle. In slow skeletal muscle, LPS caused marked changes in the expression of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, while in fast skeletal muscle LPS administration caused major changes in the expression of genes coding for glycolytic enzymes. We also evaluated the effects of LPS administration on the fast skeletal muscle proteome and identified 14 proteins that were differentially induced in LPS-treated trout, primarily corresponding to glycolytic enzymes. Our results evidence a robust and tissue-specific response of skeletal muscle to an acute inflammatory challenge, affecting energy utilization and possibly growth in rainbow trout.
Expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Protein in Human Wound Tissue and Its Biological Functionality in Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Glasbey James , Sanders Andrew , Bosanquet David , Ruge Fiona , Harding Keith , Jiang Wen
Published: February 2015

Hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFl) and its receptor, Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON), have been implicated in the development of wound chronicity. HGFl and RON expression was detected in acute wound tissue, chronic wound tissue and in normal skin using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). HGFl and RON expression was also assessed in chronic healing and chronic non-healing wound tissues using Q-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Expression was similarly detected in the HaCaT immortalized human keratinocyte cell line using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). rhHGFl was used to assess the impact of this molecule on HaCaT cell functionality using in vitro growth assays and electric cell-substrate impendence sensing (ECIS) migration assays. HGFl and RON transcript expression were significantly increased in acute wound tissue compared to chronic wound tissue and were also elevated, though non-significantly, in comparison to normal skin. Minimal expression was seen in both healing and non-healing chronic wounds. Treatment of HaCaT cells with rhHGFl had no effect on growth rates but did enhance cell migration. This effect was abolished by the addition of a phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ) small molecule inhibitor. The increased expression of HGFl and RON in acute, healing wounds and the pro-migratory effect of HGFl in an in vitro human keratinocyte model, may indicate a role for HGFl in active wound healing.
From Literature to Cultural Literacy
Authors: Segal Naomi
Published: February 2015

In recent years, the academic field of literary studies has changed radically. Literary scholars are now working on objects other than poems, dramas or fiction. This essay presents an ongoing strategic project, Cultural Literacy in Contemporary Europe, which was founded in 2007 and run in 2009-11 as an European Science Foundation & Cooperation in Science and Technology (ESF-COST) synergy. Its aim is to investigate and celebrate the range of research currently being conducted in the field we have renamed “literary-and-cultural studies”, or LCS. This research aims to enhance cultural literacy. Cultural literacy is an attitude to the social and cultural phenomena that shape our existence—bodies of knowledge, fields of social action, individuals or groups, and of course cultural artefacts, including texts—which views them as being essentially readable: it is a way of looking at social and cultural issues, especially issues of change and mobility, through the lens of literary thinking. The project focuses on four academic fields—cultural memory, migration and translation, electronic textuality, and biopolitics and the body—and four concepts: textuality, fictionality, rhetoricity and historicity. It stresses multilingualism and is part of the movement of interdisciplinarity within the humanities and between the humanities and other disciplines, but remains a distinctive activity within that larger movement.
The Humanities as a Public Good and the Need for Developing Accountability Strategies
Authors: Lund Henrik
Published: February 2015

The present political and economic context of the humanities is more demanding than ever in regards to its justification, social impact and evaluation of research activities. These processes call for an updated understanding of the situation and a prudent counter-strategy that, in a best-case scenario, could result in appreciation opportunities that have thus far been neglected. This article contributes to a differentiation of these grand challenges at three levels: (1) Improved understanding of the policy agenda: The humanities, like other research disciplines, still have to map the full picture of all opportunities in funding policies. The EU’s framework programs could be one example of a funding system that contains inclusive mechanisms that have not yet been fully discovered. (2) Research management in the humanities: To benefit the most from those identified inclusive mechanisms, the humanistic disciplines have to develop better and more sophisticated research management tools for their projects and improve their strategic planning and capacity. (3) The humanities as public good: The humanities represent one of the greatest cultural resources of humankind. The task is to make this as explicit and clear as possible to the general public through the explanatory power of the main categories, including recognition, judgment, experience, wisdom and common sense, which mirror some of the most important historical and cultural experiences of human history.
Comprehensive DNA Adduct Analysis Reveals Pulmonary Inflammatory Response Contributes to Genotoxic Action of Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Ishino Kousuke , Kato Tatsuya , Kato Mamoru , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Watanabe Masatoshi , Wakabayashi Keiji , Nakagama Hitoshi , Totsuka Yukari
Published: February 2015

Nanosized-magnetite (MGT) is widely utilized in medicinal and industrial fields; however, its toxicological properties are not well documented. In our previous report, MGT showed genotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo assay systems, and it was suggested that inflammatory responses exist behind the genotoxicity. To further clarify mechanisms underlying the genotoxicity, a comprehensive DNA adduct (DNA adductome) analysis was conducted using DNA samples derived from the lungs of mice exposed to MGT. In total, 30 and 42 types of DNA adducts were detected in the vehicle control and MGT-treated groups, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) against a subset of DNA adducts was applied and several adducts, which are deduced to be formed by inflammation or oxidative stress, as the case of etheno-deoxycytidine (εdC), revealed higher contributions to MGT exposure. By quantitative-LC-MS/MS analysis, εdC levels were significantly higher in MGT-treated mice than those of the vehicle control. Taken together with our previous data, it is suggested that inflammatory responses might be involved in the genotoxicity induced by MGT in the lungs of mice.
Synthesis and Evaluation of New 1,5-Diaryl-3-[4-(methyl-sulfonyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole Derivatives as Potential Antidepressant Agents
Authors: Özdemir Ahmet , Altıntop Mehlika , Kaplancıklı Zafer , Can Özgür , Demir Özkay Ümide , Turan-Zitouni Gülhan
Published: February 2015

In an effort to develop potent antidepressant agents, new pyrazoline derivatives 2a–s were synthesized and evaluated for their antidepressant-like activity by tail suspension test (TST) and modified forced swimming test (MFST). The effects of the compounds on spontaneous locomotor activity were also investigated using an activity cage apparatus. Among these derivatives, compounds 2b, 2d, 2f, 2o, and 2r decreased both horizontal and vertical activity number of the mice. On the other hand, compounds 2a, 2h, 2j, 2k, 2l, 2m, and 2n, which did not induce any significant change in the locomotor activity, significantly shortened the immobility time of mice in TST and MFST, representing the presence of the antidepressant-like effect. Additionally, the same compounds increased the swimming time of mice in MFST without any change in climbing duration, similar to the reference drug fluoxetine (10 mg/kg). In the light of previous papers examining the effects of pyrazolines on central nervous system, this study, once more, pointed out remarkable antidepressant activity potential of pyrazoline derivatives.
Cysteine-Functionalized Chitosan Magnetic Nano-Based Particles for the Recovery of Light and Heavy Rare Earth Metals: Uptake Kinetics and Sorption Isotherms
Authors: Galhoum Ahmed , Mafhouz Mohammad , Abdel-Rehem Sayed , Gomaa Nabawia , Atia Asem , Vincent Thierry , Guibal Eric
Published: February 2015

Cysteine-functionalized chitosan magnetic nano-based particles were synthesized for the sorption of light and heavy rare earth (RE) metal ions (La(III), Nd(III) and Yb(III)). The structural, surface, and magnetic properties of nano-sized sorbent were investigated by elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, TEM and VSM (vibrating sample magnetometry). Experimental data show that the pseudo second-order rate equation fits the kinetic profiles well, while sorption isotherms are described by the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic constants (ΔG°, ΔH°) demonstrate the spontaneous and endothermic nature of sorption. Yb(III) (heavy RE) was selectively sorbed while light RE metal ions La(III) and Nd(III) were concentrated/enriched in the solution. Cationic species RE(III) in aqueous solution can be adsorbed by the combination of chelating and anion-exchange mechanisms. The sorbent can be efficiently regenerated using acidified thiourea.
A Simultaneously Calibration Approach for Installation and Attitude Errors of an INS/GPS/LDS Target Tracker
Authors: Cheng Jianhua , Chen Daidai , Sun Xiangyu , Wang Tongda
Published: February 2015

To obtain the absolute position of a target is one of the basic topics for non-cooperated target tracking problems. In this paper, we present a simultaneously calibration method for an Inertial navigation system (INS)/Global position system (GPS)/Laser distance scanner (LDS) integrated system based target positioning approach. The INS/GPS integrated system provides the attitude and position of observer, and LDS offers the distance between the observer and the target. The two most significant errors are taken into jointly consideration and analyzed: (1) the attitude measure error of INS/GPS; (2) the installation error between INS/GPS and LDS subsystems. Consequently, a INS/GPS/LDS based target positioning approach considering these two errors is proposed. In order to improve the performance of this approach, a novel calibration method is designed to simultaneously estimate and compensate these two main errors. Finally, simulations are conducted to access the performance of the proposed target positioning approach and the designed simultaneously calibration method.
Beyond Cockpit-ism: Four Insights to Enhance the Transformative Potential of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Hajer Maarten , Nilsson Måns , Raworth Kate , Bakker Peter , Berkhout Frans , De Boer Yvo , Rockström Johan , Ludwig Kathrin , Kok Marcel
Published: February 2015

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) have the potential to become a powerful political vision that can support the urgently needed global transition to a shared and lasting prosperity. In December 2014, the United Nations (UN) Secretary General published his report on the SDGs. However, the final goals and targets that will be adopted by the UN General Assembly in September 2015 risk falling short of expectations because of what we call “cockpit-ism”: the illusion that top-down steering by governments and intergovernmental organizations alone can address global problems. In view of the limited effectiveness of intergovernmental efforts and questions about the capacity of national governments to affect change, the SDGs need to additionally mobilize new agents of change such as businesses, cities and civil society. To galvanize such a broad set of actors, multiple perspectives on sustainable development are needed that respond to the various motives and logics of change of these different actors. We propose four connected perspectives which can strengthen the universal relevance of the SDGs: “planetary boundaries” to stress the urgency of addressing environmental concerns and to target governments to take responsibility for (global) public goods; “the safe and just operating space” to highlight the interconnectedness of social and environmental concerns and its distributive consequences; “the energetic society” to benefit from the willingness of a broad group of actors worldwide to take action; and “green competition” to stimulate innovation and new business practices. To realize the transformative potential of the SDGs, these four perspectives should be reflected in the focus and content of the SDGs that will be negotiated in the run up to September 2015 and its further implementation.
Basin Flood Risk Management: A Territorial Data-Driven Approach to Support Decision-Making
Authors: Dos Santos Pedro , Tavares Alexandre
Published: February 2015

This paper explores the applicability of flood impact databases in the flood risk governance process. This study begins with a twofold analysis of three hydrographical basins: one analysis based on the data of a recently constructed flood-impact database for Portugal and another based on selected socioeconomic and biophysical variables that characterize the basins’ territorial context. From these sets of data, two fuzzy inference systems are assembled: one for the resource criteria and another for the time criteria. When plotted, the fuzzy analysis results are associated with distinct flood risk management strategies: operational and strategic, hard and soft measure-based. The three basins differ substantially in terms of flood-impact characteristics, with impacts being distinguished in terms of human and material consequences. Socioeconomic factors seem to be more explicative of flood impacts than the biophysical contexts that generate floods. The fuzzy logic analysis suggested priorities of action: early warning and information for one of the basins (Mondego) and a less operational solution, combining structural mitigation and land-use planning, for the other two basins (Lis and Vouga). Considering the current implementation of the Floods Directive, design of flood risk maps and flood risk management plans can benefit from the integration of the presented methodology.
Risk factors for tibial tuberosity fracture after tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs
Authors: Nutt A. E. , Garcia-Fernandez P. , San Roman F. , Parkin T. , Calvo I.
Published: February 2015

Objective: To retrospectively identify factors that predispose to tibial tuberosity (TT) fracture after tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) in dogs.

Methods: The medical records and radio-graphs of a group of control dogs (n = 212) that had TTA surgery (n = 241 procedures) and did not sustain a fracture between 2008 and 2013, and those of 12 dogs that did sustain a fracture (n = 13 procedures) between 2008 and 2013 at two veterinary teaching hospitals were evaluated to determine the effect of signalment, body weight and surgical inaccuracies on TT fracture. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with the occurrence of TT fracture as the outcome variable of interest.

Results: Signalment and body weight were not found to be associated with TT fracture. Of the surgical inaccuracies, osteotomy shape (p = 0.003), plate position (p = 0.009), and cage position (p = 0.039) were factors significantly associated with TT fracture.

Clinical significance: This study provides data to support the hypothesis that poor plate position, poor cage position, and narrow distal osteotomy width are associated with TT fracture after TTA. We conclude that it is of paramount importance to pay careful attention to surgical technique in order to reduce this risk.
Impact of fixation method on postoperative complication rates following surgical stabilization of diaphyseal tibial fractures in cats
Authors: Bruce M. , Perry K. L.
Published: February 2015

Objectives: To compare the complication rate between open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and external skeletal fixation (ESF) for feline diaphyseal tibial fractures.

Methods: In a retrospective study spanning a 10 year period, 57 feline tibial fractures stabilized via ESF or ORIF were included for analysis and complication rates were compared between the two methods.

Results: In the overall study population, 23 (40.4%) cases suffered complications (9 major, 20 minor, 6 with both major and minor). All of the major complications occurred in the ESF group. Complications were more common in cats with ESF (50.0%) while only one (7.7%) of the ORIF cases suffered complications (OR 12.0 [CI: 2.09; 228.10], p = 0.02). Use of postoperative antibiotic medications was identified as a confounder. After adjusting for confounding, stabilization using ESF remained associated with a higher risk of complications (OR = 13.71 [CI: 2.18; 274.25], p = 0.02). Cats with ESF had a longer duration of follow-up (15.6 weeks; 95% CI: 13.0; 18.3) compared to ORIF (9.5 weeks; 95% CI: 6.4; 12.7) (p = 0.003), and a higher number of revisits (mean 3.0; 95% CI: 2.4; 3.6) than the ORIF group (mean 1.6; 95% CI: 0.9; 2.3) (p = 0.002).

Clinical significance: This study demonstrates a significant difference in complication rates between the methods of stabilization, with ESF resulting in a significantly higher complication rate compared to ORIF. Based on these results, it may be prudent to select ORIF for stabilization of feline tibial fractures wherever practical.
Dynamic force microscopy simulator (dForce): A tool for planning and understanding tapping and bimodal AFM experiments
Authors: Guzman Horacio V , Garcia Pablo D , Garcia Ricardo
Published: February 2015

We present a simulation environment, dForce, which can be used for a better understanding of dynamic force microscopy experiments. The simulator presents the cantilever–tip dynamics for two dynamic AFM methods, tapping mode AFM and bimodal AFM. It can be applied for a wide variety of experimental situations in air or liquid. The code provides all the variables and parameters relevant in those modes, for example, the instantaneous deflection and tip–surface force, velocity, virial, dissipated energy, sample deformation and peak force as a function of time or distance. The simulator includes a variety of interactions and contact mechanics models to describe AFM experiments including: van der Waals, Hertz, DMT, JKR, bottom effect cone correction, linear viscoelastic forces or the standard linear solid viscoelastic model. We have compared two numerical integration methods to select the one that offers optimal accuracy and speed. The graphical user interface has been designed to facilitate the navigation of non-experts in simulations. Finally, the accuracy of dForce has been tested against numerical simulations performed during the last 18 years.
Réflexions sur l'origine de l'insubordination. Le cas de trois insubordonnées hypothétiques du français
Authors: Patard Adeline
Published: February 2015

Notre contribution s’interroge sur le statut et l’origine de subordonnées hypothétiques non régies par une proposition principale explicite (ex. Oh si j’étais riche ! ). Dans la littérature, ces constructions sont généralement considérées comme des cas d’« insubordonnées » (Evans 2007), i.e. des subordonnées qui se sont affranchies de leur principale à travers un processus de grammaticalisation. L’article propose une description de trois insubordonnées hypothétiques du français qui confirme un certain degré d’autonomie acquis par la [ si p] sur le plan sémantico-pragmatique, prosodique et discursif. Néanmoins, nous montrons que les insubordonnées ne manifestent pas de signes clairs de grammaticalisation et qu’une explication en termes de réanalyse seule est plus à même de rendre compte du changement linguistique à l’œuvre.
Villes d'eaux, villes de loisirs
Authors: Carribon Carole
Published: February 2015

Le tourisme thermal connaît un grand essor en France à partir de la seconde moitié du XIX e siècle. Les loisirs, entendus comme temps et espaces de délassement et de distractions, font partie intégrante de la villégiature thermale. Dès lors, il est légitime de s’interroger sur leur inscription dans l’espace urbain, et les possibles interactions entre la vocation médicale et touristique des stations hydrominérales et leur équipement en lieux et infrastructures dédiés aux loisirs. Ces derniers, destinés à une clientèle saisonnière, peuvent de prime abord sembler disproportionnés au regard de la population permanente des « villes » d’eaux, lesquelles sont majoritairement, hors-saison, des bourgs de taille modeste, exception faite de quelques stations importantes qui constituent à la fois le fleuron et la vitrine du thermalisme français. Durant la saison estivale, entre 300 000 et 500 000 visiteurs annuels – « baigneurs », accompagnateurs et touristes – affluent dans les stations hydrominérales. Des loisirs leur sont proposés autour de lieux-clefs : le parc thermal, espace de détente et de sociabilité au sein d’une nature recomposée et maîtrisée, les équipements sportifs, en plein essor au début du XX e siècle, et surtout le casino et la pléiade d’activités qu’il offre à toute heure du jour... et de la nuit. Lieu emblématique des « villes d’eaux », il concentre les contradictions inhérentes aux stations thermales en tant que lieux de villégiature de santé soumis à des impératifs de modernité et de sociabilité, et aspirant à incarner un modèle d’urbanité.
Cinq euros
Authors: AGORA+
Published: February 2015

Pour re-penser l’ordinaire , le texte se développe autour et à travers un objet quotidien. Mais comment le choisir ? Quel peut être le plus ordinaire des objets ? Cette question a permis de faire émerger un champ lexical lié à la transparence et à la perte et que l’ordinaire induirait une forme d’invisibilité du quotidien. Ainsi, le fait de mettre en exergue ce quotidien fait-il basculer l’ ordinaire vers un état extraordinaire  ? Selon un principe d’associations libres, nous avons choisi un billet de cinq euros. L’objet présente de nombreux aspects, à la fois par sa forme (un morceau de papier, plié, froissé, usé), par sa valeur fiduciaire (ce que signifie ce morceau de papier pour la société dans laquelle il circule), par son image (une création reproduite à des millions d’exemplaires peut-elle être associée au pop-art ?). L’interrogation s’est produite individuellement et collectivement sur l’ordinaire de l’objet afin de le penser en plus . Nous avons rompu avec cet ordinaire en lui apposant un langage, une mise en exergue sans pour autant vouloir le renommer. Ce choix, malgré son apparente spontanéité, n’est pas anodin et de nos productions émergent des principes communs ; à partir du billet de cinq euros, objet quotidien, et à travers nos travaux plastiques, aura été tenté de re-penser l’ordinaire .
Les spécificités des formations hybrides en langues
Authors: Nissen Elke
Published: February 2015

Les formations hybrides, qui mettent à profit le numérique tout en maintenant une forte présence humaine, occupent à l'heure actuelle une place importante au sein de l'enseignement des langues dans le supérieur. La grande variabilité de ce type de formation peut être illustrée à travers certains exemples. Les formations hybrides en langues ont néanmoins des spécificités communes, qui ont été analysées et mises en lumière à travers un certain nombre de recherches.
Monstruos, mutantes y contra-gestación : Promesas naturales, de Oliverio Coelho
Authors: Semilla Durán María A.
Published: February 2015

Entre la novela futurista, la ciencia ficción y el género fantástico, Promesas naturales, de Oliverio Coelho, erige un universo asfixiante. Un Estado todopoderoso y distante clasifica a los individuos desde su nacimiento, los distribuye selectivamente en el espacio y excluye a todos aquellos que no cumplen ciertas condiciones. Bernina, la protagonista, ha sido arrancada del espacio natal al que trata de volver. Su deambulación permite la representación de esos espacios-mundos, poblados de personajes híbridos o monstruosos, que constituyen una hiperbólica condensación de ciertas tendencias de las sociedades inscritas en el capitalismo globalizado. Nos proponemos estudiar las implicancias simbólicas de la vacilación de la forma o de la deformidad y todas sus variantes. Lo monstruoso abre en la superficie de lo representado intersticios por los que el humor, la parodia y la ironía se infiltran en el cuerpo híbrido del texto, desnudando y estatuyendo a la vez no sólo la precariedad del ser, sino también la de su figuración.
Monstruosités esthétiques et esthétique de la monstruosité chez Gina Pane et Orlan : féminin mutilé, altérité transgressée ?
Authors: Bilot Mylène
Published: February 2015

L’art corporel, parce qu’il participe d’une survivance de la figure du martyr, apparaît propice à l’étude de la monstruosité et de sa contre-partie, la normativité. L’esthétique de la monstruosité mise en oeuvre par Gina Pane et Orlan, artistes françaises contemporaines, permet de mettre au jour des mécanismes d’oppression et d’incorporation travaillés par les rapports du moi à l’autre.Comment s’articulent, d’une part, la construction et la transgression du corps monstrueux ; de l’autre, la violence symbolique de la sphère sociale qui le produit ? Les oeuvres de Gina Pane ainsi que celles d’Orlan se confrontent, à travers notre hypothèse de réminiscence du martyr, à cette question des rapports de pouvoir qui lient et opposent autrui à soi-même.Après avoir analysé le dérèglement que constituent les monstruosités esthétiques, nous étudions, à travers le prisme d’une lecture genrée, les dispositifs de mise en tension du féminin, ce qui nous conduit à aborder la stratégie de transgression que constitue le recours au corps comme ouverture à l’Autre et au sacré.
La monstrueuse perfection : l’illustration poétique de XXY
Authors: Tilly Eva
Published: February 2015

Alex, protagoniste principal du film XXY, réalisé par Lucía Puenzo et sorti en salle en 2007, apparaît comme un type particulier de monstre. Nous nous attachons dans ce travail à proposer une analyse de ce film en en soulignant le caractère poétique et symbolique. Si la réalisatrice s’est inspirée d’une nouvelle de Sergio Bizzio qui traite de l’éveil à la sexualité d’une jeune fille qui souffre d’une « ambiguïté génitale », il nous semble que le sujet abordé dans la « recréation » cinématographique propose une perspective plus ample que celle des premiers émois sexuels d’une adolescente. Les espaces et les éléments contribuent à rappeler au spectateur la théorie de l’androgynie première de l’être humain. L’eau, aussi bien l’océan que la pluie, et les paysages côtiers jouent un rôle symbolique primordial dans la poétique de l’œuvre. Les personnages, baignés dans un camaïeu de bleus et de gris, semblent attendre un événement. Les tortues marines, omniprésentes, apparaissent comme des animaux métaphoriques dont il conviendra d’éclairer la signification. Quelle est donc la finalité de la mise en scène de ce « monstre » au sein d’un décor polysémique, au sein d’un groupe de personnages qui ne semblent exister que parce qu’il existe ?
L’Indien, la nature et le monstre : de Montaigne à Goethe, en passant par Locke et Rousseau
Authors: Moreau Erwan
Published: February 2015

Cet article, issu de recherches plus vastes en épistémologie sociale concernant le concept de monstre en tant que figuration du contre-nature, vise, en une étude parallèle des conceptions faites de la nature, du monstre et de l’Indien, à mettre en relief leurs liens triadiques réciproques dans les œuvres de Montaigne, Locke, Rousseau et Goethe. Les liens forts qui unissent nos quatre auteurs majeurs de la modernité sont la clef de voûte d’un humanisme structurant, encore aujourd’hui, les figures de l’Indien, de la nature et du monstre entre Vieux Continent et Nouveau Monde.
Los monstruos en las novelas de Benito Pérez Galdós
Authors: Lakhdari Sadi
Published: February 2015

Numerosos monstruos pueblan las novelas galdosianas. La influencia de la medicina y sobre todo de la clínica es obvia en las descripciones naturalistas de personajes monstruosos "por exceso" (Voltaire), donde se plantea el problema de los caracteres adquiridos y hereditarios. Se nota también un resto de influencia romántica en la equiparación del monstruo y del genio en las serie de Torquemada o en Angel Guerra. Esta concepción biológica evoluciona luego hasta una concepción psicológica en los numerosos monstruos que aparecen en los sueños, pesadillas, alucinaciones, particularnte en Angel Guerra. Estos monstruos híbridos, inspirados de varios pintores (Breueghel, Bosch, Goya,) son fruto de la imaginación enferma de los personajes y representan claramente una serie de fantasmas infantiles. La recurrencia de un detalle preciso, los ojos verdes, remite a una problemática edípica.
Pandémie zombie. Monstres et mystères de Luis Felipe Fabre
Authors: Galland Boudon Nathalie
Published: February 2015

Avec Poemas de terror y de misterio (Oaxaca, Almadía, 2013), quelque chose dérape et fait glisser au-delà de lui-même le champ de la poésie : alors sorte de terrain vague volontiers nocturne où se retrouve l’écriture poétique, tendue par les motifs du roman noir, entre fait divers racoleur et épisode de série B. Là, le lieu du poème est un terreau cauchemardesque où surgissent morts vivants et autres visages post-humains dans le rectangle de la page, qui est aussi celui de la pellicule filmique souvent convoquée, ou du trou en terre. Véritable archéologie de la peur qui fouille les possibilités du texte poétique à ses marges triviales, le recueil met en branle un texte-performance qui dit l’épouvante face à l’irrépressible pandémie de morts du Mexique contemporain. Nous interrogeons ici cette puissance de contagion de la terreur, qui fait de la figure du monstre la seule latence du monde. Une terreur mortifère qui se propage et gagne tout l’espace, espace intime ou tissu social déjà en décomposition, lieu du poème aussi, excavation-palimpseste, réservoir d’une nécro-écriture où irradient les hantises du présent.
El monstruo colonizador y el monstruo liberado en la obra de Glauber Rocha y del Grupo Cine Liberación
Authors: del Valle Dávila Ignacio
Published: February 2015

Los proyectos cinematográficos latinoamericanos de descolonización cultural de los años sesenta y setenta establecieron un diálogo con las tradiciones vernáculas, al tiempo que iniciaban una renovación estética de los cines nacionales. Los filmes y los manifiestos teóricos del periodo se caracterizan por la negación del valor universal de los modelos estéticos eurocéntricos. Influidos por Fanon, cineastas como Glauber Rocha y el grupo Cine Liberación denunciaron y resistieron la penetración cultural norteamericana y europea. La incorporación acrítica de valores culturales occidentales fue vista como una imposición “imperialista”, llevada a cabo con ayuda de las burguesías nacionales. En Argentina, la penetración cultural fue definida por Cine Liberación en el filme La hora de los hornos (1968) como “monstruosidad vestida de belleza”. Por su parte, Rocha atribuyó a la asimilación de la norma estética occidental el carácter de monstruosidad : “monstruos oficiales de la cultura”. Para Rocha y Cine Liberación, el “monstruo” es también el “imperialismo” y las oligarquías nacionales. En ambos casos, hay una inversión de los discursos oligárquicos decimonónicos que estigmatizaron al “otro” –mestizo, negro o indígena– como salvaje o incivilizado. Pero esos cineastas también buscaron una reivindicación identitaria del “yo” como el “otro” o como el “monstruo” del discurso hegemónico.
Leopardo al sol : la monstruosidad desvelada de la Colombia del narcotráfico
Authors: Bouvet Françoise
Published: February 2015

A través del proceso de venganza que opone dos clanes de narcotraficantes, la novela Leopardo al sol de Laura Restrepo nos ofrece un retrato de la nueva sociedad que nace en la Colombia de los años 80 con el desarrollo masivo de la economía de la droga. En esta sociedad marcada por el culto del dinero y de la violencia, se multiplican los actos monstruosos. Veremos cómo detrás de los evidentes aunque ambiguos monstruos de violencia que son los capos, se esconden otras figuras tan monstruosas como ellos. Desde las mujeres del clan, aparentemente al margen de la violencia, hasta el ciudadano medio, toda la sociedad acabará revelando un aspecto monstruoso a nivel físico, moral o psicológico. Laura Restrepo nos llevará a preguntarnos si esta monstruosidad echa raíces en la naturaleza humana misma o en la sociedad naciente del narcotráfico.
Hacerse el indio
Authors: Gaona Melina
Published: February 2015

Este artículo se presenta como análisis acerca de la visibilización y representación de la condición indígena en el marco político contemporáneo argentino, a partir de distintas escenas de visibilización colectiva por parte de un movimiento social jujeño. Se consideran las estrategias y repertorios de los que se valen para procurar márgenes de pertenencia y disputa por la ciudadanía, a través de la escenificación de demandas en clave étnica.
El Capitán Ahab frente al enigma del abismo : el valor de los símbolos en Moby Dick
Authors: Rodríguez Herrera José Manuel
Published: February 2015

Novela premonitoria donde las haya, Moby Dick anuncia muchos de los conflictos bélicos y la retórica monomaníaca de la política en los tiempos modernos. Después de los acontecimientos del 11 de septiembre, los paralelismos entre Ahab, George W. Bush, Bin Laden and Moby Dick no pueden ser pasados por alto. La esencia de Moby Dick como una tragedia de venganza sale a la superficie de nuevo con fuerzas renovadas.Aunque la venganza parezca ser el motor que impulsa al capitán Ahab a seguir adelante con su propósito de venganza demente, el monstruo sigue expulsando chorros de múltiples significados, lo que hace aún más difícil interpretar su enigma.No obstante, la interpretación de ciertos símbolos en la novela, tales como los muñones de Ahab y ciertos trofeos de Guerra, pueden proporcionarnos nuevas formas de entender los significados asociados a la figura del monstruo.
Hermafroditas y otros monstruos en Marosa di Giorgio
Authors: Saban Karen
Published: February 2015

La crítica coincide en señalar la excentricidad de la poeta uruguaya y la dificultad para entroncar su persona o su literatura en ninguna tradición poética o estética. Propongo que esta enorme dificultad que se pone de manifiesto para situar y comprender a Marosa di Giorgio, así como la indefinición a la hora de elegir las herramientas hermenéuticas que permitirían leer su obra, radica en lo monstruoso de su literatura. Lo monstruoso entendido aquí no como categoría estética, sino cultural. En este artículo se rastrea la presencia de monstruos o de lo monstruoso en los libros de relatos Misales (1993) y Camino de las pedrerías (1997), y se propone su lectura en tres diferentes niveles que coinciden además con tres definiciones posibles de la monstruosidad : 1. lo monstruoso de los cuerpos, 2. lo monstruoso de los comportamientos y 3. lo monstruoso del lenguaje.
La battaglia di Himera (480 a. C.) nelle interpretazioni storiografiche antiche e nelle moderne riletture di G. Grote ed E.A. Freeman
Authors: Trifirò Maria Stella
Published: February 2015

Il sincronismo tra le battaglie di Himera e Salamina è stato codificato dalla storiografia antica con l’intento di unificare la Grecità, metropolitana e occidentale, nella comune celebrazione della vittoria contro il barbaro : un nome che accomuna indistintamente Cartaginesi e Persiani. Le due vittorie vennero interpretate tout court come un trionfo della civiltà sulla barbarie. Su questa stessa linea interpretativa si sono mosse alcune analisi della storiografia moderna (xix-xx sec.) anch’esse caratterizzate da forti connotazioni ideologiche. L’attenzione si sofferma in particolare sulle riletture che degli eventi del 480 a.C. hanno dato G. Grote ed E. A. Freeman ; nei loro lavori è possibile individuare una prospettiva “eurocentrica” e filo-occidentale che va a sovrapporsi alla riflessione antica. I due studiosi sono accomunati dalla volontà di inserire questo evento siceliota in un immaginario percorso di civilizzazione, svoltosi attraverso i secoli, che pone sullo stesso piano la vittoria greca contro Cartaginesi e Persiani e la vittoria normanna contro i Saraceni, entrambe avvenute in Sicilia.
Prosodie de l’hexamètre homérique : de l’indépendance de la langue par rapport au mètre
Authors: (†) Agustín García Calvo
Published: February 2015

Toutes les langues, dans leur diversité, sont capables de produire un rythme mesuré et donc des hexamètres, parce que les techniques de versification, qui appartiennent à la conscience de l’art, opèrent par-dessus le linguistique. Longueur, durée ou quantité linguistiques ne peuvent être distinguées en elles-mêmes : c’est grâce au rythme que l’on établit une certaine régularité dans les retours des temps forts ou des temps marqués du vers. C’est en vertu de la grammaire particulière d’une langue donnée que certains éléments prosodiques, comme les types de syllabe, les accents de mot, les intonations de comma ou de phrase interviennent dans la fabrication du vers métrique en le conditionnant de différentes manières. Présentation d’un extrait de L’Iliade en hexamètres espagnols.