bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Prosedur Pemberian Kredit Untuk Mengurangi NPL (Non Performing Loan) Pada PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk
Authors: Tesanalianti  , Desmiwerita
Published: January 2024

PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. yang selanjutnya disebut “BNI” pada mulanya didirikan di Indonesia sebagai bank sentral dengan nama “Bank Negara Indonesia” hal ini didasarkan pada Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (PERPPU) No. 2 tahun 1946 tanggal 5 Juli 1946. Kebutuhan dan desakan pemerintah untuk mempunyai mata uang yang sah mendorong lahirnya Bank Negara Indonesia sebagai bank pertama yang dimiliki pemerintah Indonesia yang dipercaya untuk menjadi penerbit serta mengatur peredaran dan pengeluaran mata uang rupiah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prosedur pemberian kredit untuk mengurangi NPL (Non Performing Loan) dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya NPL (Non Performing Loan) pada PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan studi pustaka  dan dokumentasi. Pada PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk ini juga sudah menerapkan prinsip-prinsip dasar kredit 5C antara lain character, capacity, capital, collateral, condition of economic.
Peran Pondok Pesantren Dalam Membentuk Kepribadian Santri Al Madaniyah Jaro Desa Nalui Kecamatan Jaro Kabupaten Tabalong
Authors: Husni Muhammad , Akhmat Yuliansyah
Published: January 2024

The role of Islamic boarding schools in shaping the personality of students of Al Madaniyah Jaro, Nalui Village, Jaro District, Tabalong Regency. Based on this description, the formulation of the problem in this study is what is the role of Islamic boarding schools in shaping the personality of Al Madaniyah Jaro students in Nalui Village, Jaro District, Tabalong Regency and the supporting and inhibiting factors in shaping the personality of Al Madaniyah Jaro students in Nalui Village, Jaro District, Tabalong Regency. The subjects of this study were the teachers at the Jaro Al Madaniyah Islamic Boarding School, Nalui Village, Jaro District, Tabalong Regency. The techniques used in data collection are observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, to analyze the author's data using qualitative descriptive analysis. After the data has been analyzed, it can finally be concluded that the role of Islamic boarding schools in shaping the personality of Al Madaniyah Jaro students, Nalui Village, Jaro District, Tabalong Regency is the management, especially teachers, always providing teaching and education, both in worship, social, independence, nationality, discipline and obedience to rules that have been set in the boarding school environment. In terms of support, it consists of internal factors, namely teachers, family, and adequate infrastructure. While the inhibiting factors consist of internal and external. Internal factors are teachers, family and the emergence of lazy/bored instincts. While the external factor is the existence of technology that is misused by the students when they are outside the Islamic boarding school environment.
Pembiasaan Sholat Berjamaah Sebagai Penguatan Karakter Religius
Authors: Luluk Nur Indah Sari  , Anisa Dian Andini  , Aulia Sari  , Sulis  , Mochammad Haris  , Eko Nursalim
Published: January 2024

This examination inspects the congregational petitioning heaven propensities for understudies at the incorporated Al-Misbah Musholah at SMP IT Bina Insan Muara Wahau. This is brought about by the disposition of understudies who don't share well and are not used to rehearsing congregational supplications at the Al-Misbah Petitioning heaven Room. The fundamental target of this example is to acquaint understudies with the viability of congregational supplication at the Al-Misbah Petitioning God Room. The principal subject of this examination is Luluk Nur Indah Sari who assumes an immediate part as a specialist and instructor at SMP IT Bina Insan. Head of SMP IT Bina Insan and the ustadz/ustadzah who are likewise overseers of Musolah Al-Misbah. In the mean time, the subject of this investigation is the congregational petitioning heaven propensities for Musolah Al-Misbah understudies and ustadzah. Information assortment techniques in this examination are meetings, consistence, and notes. The discoveries in this study show that mindfulness among strict ministers and pastors about the significance of congregational petitioning heaven has expanded. In spite of the fact that at first the propensity for imploring in the request room felt constrained, over the long run it truly turned into his propensity. One more condition as a type of creating congregational petitioning heaven propensities is to deliver great petitioning heaven room tasks, for example, supplication imam plans, adhan and iqomah plans, strict exercises in the request room, and data and correspondence administrations for understudies.
Strategi Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Pengembangan Pembelajaran PAI
Authors: Eva Safitri  , Ema Pariati  , Eko Nursalim
Published: January 2024

Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in vocational high schools (SMK), such as SMK Negeri 1 Karangan, plays a central role in shaping the character and morals of students. IRE teachers at SMK Negeri 1 Karangan have a significant responsibility in enhancing the quality of IRE instruction. This article discusses various strategies employed by IRE teachers to improve the development of IRE learning, including the implementation of interactive methods, utilization of technology, relevance of materials to students' lives, collaboration with external resources, facilitating open discussions on religious issues, formative assessment, and feedback usage. Furthermore, this article also encompasses the evaluation and development process of the IRE curriculum at SMK Negeri 1 Karangan, involving goal analysis, learning material evaluation, teaching methods, assessment of learning outcomes, feedback from students and teachers, identification of development needs, curriculum development, as well as implementation and monitoring phases. The aim of this evaluation and development is to ensure that Islamic religious education at SMK Negeri 1 Karangan remains in accordance, relevant, and effective according to student demands and societal developments.
Penerapan Nilai–Nilai Akhlak Dalam Kitab Bidayatul Hidayah
Authors: Nor Habibah  , Muhammad Efendi  , Siti Cholifah  , Muthoharoh  , Nur Aisyah  , Eko Nursalim  , Nanik Sri rahayu
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the values of Islamic education in the book of Bidayatul Hidayah and how it is applied in the Integrated Islamic School 2 Daarussalam Sangatta Utara. Applying qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The result of this research is that Bidayatul Hidayah teaches that obedience to Allah through good deeds and worship is a way to get closer to Him. Acts of courtesy in daily life are practical means to achieve this. In addition, moral values also emphasize the importance of avoiding sin by guarding the limbs and heart from actions that violate religious norms. In the context of relationships, the Book teaches that man's relationship with God is an inseparable aspect of human relationships. Moral education at SDIT 2 Darussalam uses this book as an advanced reference after the BPI module. Discipline, cooperation, and concern for others characterize students at the school. Challenges in its implementation are changes in the social environment, technology, and culture, thus requiring learning strategies that can maintain the relevance of moral values. Collaboration with parents is also a focus to ensure the values are applied consistently in the educational and home environment. Thus, the application of moral values at SDIT Dua Darussalam makes a significant contribution in shaping students' character holistically.
Bringing to administrative responsibility in the field of traffic on the basis of data obtained using photo and video recording
Authors: Agamagomedova Saniyat
Published: January 2024

The subject of the study is the procedure for bringing to administrative responsibility in the field of road safety based on data obtained using photo and video recording. Based on the analysis of the use of photo and video recording tools to identify violations in the field of road traffic as the most common category of such offenses in practice, the author highlights the specific features of the procedures for bringing to administrative responsibility based on photo and video recording data. The author considers the strategic priorities and results of the use of photo and video recording in the field of traffic, procedural features and problems of such use, suggests ways to solve the identified problems. Dialectical, logical, historical, statistical, formal-legal methods were used as research methods. The results of the study were the author's position on the strategic priorities and domestic practice of using photo and video recording in the field of road traffic, the features of the procedures for bringing to responsibility based on the testimony of such means. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign practice, two approaches to digitalization in ensuring road safety have been identified: an approach based on technical assistance to the driver in ensuring safety, and an approach aimed at fixing the situation on the roads. It is concluded that the system for ensuring road safety that has been formed in Russia today is based not on driver assistance, but on mechanisms for detecting violations in order to bring them to administrative responsibility. The latter in the field of traffic has a fiscal focus, which is contrary to the basic goals of administrative punishment.
Features of consideration of cases on challenging the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses
Authors: Sultanov Kamil' Arifovich
Published: January 2024

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, administrative and administrative procedural law are jointly administered by the Federation and its regions. The article, based on the analysis of the practice of consideration by courts of administrative cases on challenging normative legal acts adopted by legislative bodies of state power at the regional level, highlights the features of consideration, identifies problematic issues and prospects for the rule-making of state bodies of public authority of the subject of the Russian Federation. The laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses are also joint issues of federal and regional legislative authorities. When appealing against such regulations, the courts are guided by both the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation. The main conclusion of the study is that there is currently a judicial practice on challenging the laws of the regions of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses that contradict federal legislation. Despite detailed checks of the laws before adoption, the problem of the existence of illegitimate regional laws remains relevant. Specific examples are given on the adoption of regional acts on administrative offenses with exceeding the powers of a subject of the Russian Federation. The novelty of the research lies in the assessment of the current state of legislation and judicial practice of its implementation. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is to identify ways to further improve and prospects for the development of the procedure for adopting and challenging regional laws on administrative offenses. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of scientifically-based proposals for additional in-depth understanding and development of legal relations in the field of rulemaking at the regional level, including from the point of view of judicial norm control.
Monitoring in the financial sector: current administrative and procedural trends
Authors: Agamagomedova Saniyat
Published: January 2024

The subject of the research is the institution of monitoring in the financial sector. The purpose of the work is to analyze the legal regulation and practice of implementing monitoring in the financial sector and to highlight, based on the analysis, significant administrative and procedural trends in its development. On the basis of combining the categories of tax and customs monitoring, the author singles out the category of monitoring in the financial sector. Based on the analysis of the legal regulation of monitoring in the financial sector in the modern period, the correlation of monitoring with audit and evaluation in the financial sector is highlighted, the connection of monitoring with the processes of digitalization of financial control is substantiated, and administrative and procedural trends in its regulation are indicated. A dedicated monitoring institution in the financial sector is positioned as an instrument of financial control. At the same time, a comparison of the areas of monitoring use allows us to determine that tax monitoring is enshrined in tax legislation as a form of control, and customs monitoring is regulated at the sub-legal level and is still carried out in an experimental mode. The connection of monitoring in the financial sector with audit, assessment and self-assessment is indicated. The conclusion is made about the digitalization of control and supervision in the financial sector as a condition for the introduction of monitoring tools. Attention is drawn to the scientific positioning of monitoring as a way to resolve and prevent disputes in the financial sector.
Glasnost as a Principle of Public Control in the Russian Federation: Constitutional and Legal Analysis
Authors: Goncharov Vitalii Viktorovich
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of publicity as a principle of public control. The role and place of this institution of civil society in the system of legal guarantees for the implementation and protection of the constitutional principles of democracy and the participation of society in the management of state affairs is investigated. The authors analyze the basic principles of the organization and activity of subjects of public control. The main features of the concept of the principle of publicity are formalized: a) it involves bringing information about the organization and activities of subjects of public control, as well as about public control activities carried out by them, to the citizens of the country; b) its implementation means that it is not allowed to conceal or distort any information that has become known to representatives of public control; c) it presupposes the existence of a mechanism guaranteeing the dissemination of information to the entire population; d) it is not possible without the development and implementation of a mechanism for the responsibility of any public authorities, their officials, legal entities and individuals for obstructing the processes of bringing the above-mentioned information to the population of the country; e) it presupposes the absence of self-censorship of the above-mentioned information, carried out by subjects of public control under the influence of both public authorities and other subjects of the political system of society. A number of methods of scientific research are used in the work, including: formal-logical; historical-legal; comparative-legal; statistical; sociological. The article identifies and formalizes the main problems associated with the consolidation and implementation of the principle of publicity in the organization and activities of subjects of public control: a) the lack of formalization of this institution of civil society in the Constitution of the country; b) not fixing at the level of Federal law (or by-laws) among the principles of public control of the principle of publicity; c) the absence of criminal and administrative legislation measures of legal responsibility of public authorities, their officials, as well as other objects of public control, for countering the legitimate activities of representatives of public control to disseminate information related to the organization and conduct of public control events; d) lack of a systematic approach in securing legal guarantees for the implementation and protection of public control. A system of measures to resolve these problems has been developed and justified.
Forms and types of financial control in the field of procurement of goods, works and services to meet state and municipal needs
Authors: Fedchenko Kristina Igorevna
Published: January 2024

The article examines the features of financial control in the field of procurement of goods, works and services to meet state and municipal needs. The object of the study is the public relations that develop in connection with and regarding the implementation of financial control in the field of procurement. The subject of the study is the provisions of the current legislation on the contract system and financial legislation, in which the rules on the implementation of financial control in the field of procurement are enshrined. An additional subject of the study was materials from judicial practice and the results of published academic research. Within the framework of the article, based on theoretical concepts and general legislative provisions on financial control, on the one hand, and control in the field of procurement, on the other hand, the key types and forms of financial control directly in the field of procurement are identified. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are formulated that financial control in the field of procurement is characterized by organizational, functional and financial independence. At the same time, the system of financial control in the field of procurement includes: indirect and direct forms of financial control. In turn, direct financial control within the framework of the contract system includes two types: 1) current control - as part of the implementation of law enforcement functions for treasury services for the execution of budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation; 2) subsequent control - within the framework of the system of internal state (municipal) financial control. The scientific novelty of the findings is determined by the author’s approach to systematization of key forms and types of financial control in the field of procurement.
The Limits of Analogy in the Private Legal Status of the Beneficial Owner of a Legal Entity
Authors: Mikryukov Viktor Alekseevich
Published: January 2024

The author reveals the inconsistency of judicial practice on the issue of the private legal status of beneficial owners (final beneficiaries, beneficiaries) of a legal entity: in cases of challenging decisions of general meetings of participants and transactions of such legal entities, courts without proper references to the legal basis tend to recognize the beneficiaries of the right to appropriate claims, and in disputes over their demands for information the activities of the corporate entities actually controlled by them are denied on the grounds of the lack of grounds for applying the analogy of the law, considering the silence of the legislator about the relevant protective instrument of the beneficiary qualified. Due to the absence of special rules on the presence or absence of analyzed protective capabilities of beneficial owners, the effectiveness of analogy as a traditional means of overcoming legal gaps has been tested. The prospects of the analogical introduction of the public-law concept of "beneficial owner" into the structure of the private-law status of legal entities are evaluated. The development of a formal approach based on the absence of a direct legal connection of the beneficiary with the organization controlled by them is not excluded. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a unified judicial approach to the possibility of an analogical application of public-law rules on the figure of beneficial owners to private-law relations with their indirect participation before the legislative solution of the issue under study.
Federal judicial authorities in the Russian Federation as objects of public control
Authors: Goncharov Vitalii Viktorovich
Published: January 2024

This article is devoted to the public law analysis of the federal judicial authorities as objects of public control in the Russian Federation. The author substantiates the role and place of public control for the implementation and protection of the constitutional principles of democracy and the participation of Russian citizens in the management of state affairs. It is noted that thanks to this institute of Russian civil society, citizens of the country, as well as public associations and other numerous non-governmental non-profit organizations, have the opportunity to participate in the organization and implementation of measures to monitor the activities, acts and decisions of public authorities, as well as other objects of public control. This determines the special relevance, scientific and practical significance of this topic of scientific research. This article uses a number of methods of scientific research, in particular: comparative-legal; historical-legal; formal-logical; statistical; sociological, as well as a number of others. The paper examines the place of courts in the system of federal authorities in the Russian Federation. This article formalizes and examines the main topical issues related to the organization and implementation of public control over the activities of judicial authorities in Russia. The author substantiates a system of measures to resolve these problems, including by: consolidating the institution of public control in the Constitution of the Russian Federation; developing specific forms, methods and types of public control measures carried out in relation to judicial authorities in Russia; developing and consolidating in criminal and administrative legislation measures of legal responsibility for actions aimed at countering the legitimate activities of representatives of subjects of public control; using the positive Soviet and foreign experience of the functioning of the institution of civil society control over the apparatus of public power (including the judiciary).
STEAM technology as a method of adaptation of foreign students of A.I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University in the study of art
Authors: Go Xing
Published: January 2024

The successful process of intercultural adaptation, including during education, depends on effective interpersonal communication, which increases the level of language proficiency, motivation, and promotes interaction of students with representatives of foreign cultural communities. This article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the educational technology STEAM (Science, Technology, Reading + WRiting Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics), which is a fairly new way of teaching university students. Special attention is paid to the problem of adaptation of foreign students to the new socio-cultural environment. The hypothesis is put forward that STEAM technology, through project activities, can help foreign students adapt to modern art courses in Russian universities. The article presents the results of the approbation of an adapted course on contemporary art for foreign students from China. The novelty of the research is connected with the identification of the problems that foreign students face when receiving art education at the A.I. Herzen State Pedagogical University, as well as the proposal of ways to overcome the identified difficulties. It is concluded that the use of STEAM training in the development of a course on the study of contemporary art allows foreign students from China to effectively adapt to the socio-cultural and educational environment of Russia. It is noted that STEAM technology contributes to the successful pedagogical activity of students who have received artistic training abroad.
The subjective approach in the study of regional psychology
Authors: Artemeva Olga Arkadjevna , Shikun Aleksei Alekseevich
Published: January 2024

The authors of the article substantiate the problem of developing the theoretical and methodological foundations of the historical and psychological study of the development of regional psychology, which reveals specifics in comparison with the development of national psychology; the relevance and prospects of the study of collective forms of organization and development of regional psychology, the implementation of a subjective approach in their study. The subject of the theoretical analysis is the methodological foundations of the implementation of the subjective approach in the historical and psychological study of regional psychology. Based on the theoretical and methodological foundations of the history of psychology, proposed and substantiated in the works of V.A. Koltsova, the fundamentals of the implementation of the subjective approach at the philosophical, epistemological, general scientific, special scientific and specifically scientific levels of the methodology of historical and psychological research are determined. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the conceptual provisions presented in the scientific works of M.G. Yaroshevsky, philosophical and general psychological publications of S.L. Rubinstein and A.V. Brushlinsky, as well as the socio-psychological works of A.L. Zhuravlev. This makes it possible to determine the possibilities of studying a collective subject as active, self-determined and self-organizing, and to limit the scope of application of the principle of determinism as causality in explaining the development of regional psychology. An important conclusion of the analysis is the statement as the most important basis for the study of the dynamics of collective forms of organization of science of A.L. Zhuravlev's ideas about the levels and stages of a collective subject, implemented in the historical and psychological studies of the development of domestic psychology by O.A. Artemeva. The application in the history of psychology of the general scientific principle of systemacy and specifically scientific principles of hierarchy and unity of theory, experiment and practice allows us to reveal the dependence of scientific knowledge on the practice of its subject and to study the development of regional psychology as a multipronged, multidimensional and multilevel process, taking into account its systemic determination. The scientific novelty of the approach presented in the article consists in a theoretically justified appeal to the poorly developed problem of the development of regional psychology and the definition of the methodological foundations of its solution in line with the history of psychology.
The metaphorical nature of V. Lebedev 's lyrics
Authors: Vinokurova Antonina Afanas'evna , Oshchepkova Anna Igorevna
Published: January 2024

The authors examine the poetics of metaphor in the lyrics of V. Lebedev, one of the founders of the Even literary tradition. Vasily Dmitrievich Lebedev is a collector of Even folklore, a linguist who creatively reworked and adapted the spiritual heritage of his people in modern poetic forms, thereby breathing new life into the epic and song oral creativity of the Evens. The peculiarity of the poetic style of V. Lebedev, as a representative of young-written literature, is the orientation to folklore poetics. It is metaphoricity that is a characteristic feature of the poet's individual manner. Metaphors in Lebedev 's poetry have a number of features: the transfer of signs of the external world to the phenomena of mental life; folklore character of the metaphor; metaphors that create its unique poetic style; grammatical construction of the metaphor, poetic syntax of the text. The methodological basis of the study is the individual provisions of the works of A.N. Veselovsky, V.M. Zhirmunsky, V.F. Asmus, used in the work as methodological guidelines and premises for specific textual analysis. The research methods are determined by the nature of the text material. The novelty is due to the understanding of the lyrics of the Even poet V. Lebedev as a representative of young-written literatures. The artistic and visual means used by the poet reveal him as a talented master of words and an expert in his native Even language. On the one hand, the poetics of his works form an idea of the poet's individual style. At the same time, Lebedev is a follower of folklore poetics, focusing on the formulaic language of oral tradition. In this context, the metaphoricity of his poetic texts is of particular importance. Let's consider separately the metaphoricity of Lebedev's lyrics. The poetry of the Even writer is distinguished by the allegorical nature of the word, which is needed for a strong emotional impact, to create a visual image, a vivid artistic impression. In the poetry of Vasily Lebedev, we have identified the most interesting metaphors that create his own special author's style.
Community interpreting and the specifics of the training of translators in the social and legal spheres
Authors: Kameneva Nataliia Alexandrovna
Published: January 2024

The article is dedicated to the topical issues of interpretation in the social, legal and medical spheres of activity. The author concretized the concept of communal translation, the scope of its application, and considered possible types of this translation. The object of the study is the translation in the field of social sphere, legal issues, medical care, and interaction with administrative bodies, called community interpreting. The subject of the study is the analysis of the discursive components of community interpreting on the example of the English language, the ways of implementing this translation and the problems of training community interpreters in the social and legal fields. The interpreter becomes a direct participant and intermediary in the process of interaction between different parties, that requires him to be more responsible for authenticity (i.e. completeness, accuracy and adequacy) and the quality of translation, which cannot be achieved without mobilizing all his knowledge and skills of professional activity. The article also notes that currently the training of community interpreters is not given due attention. The novelty of the research lies in the identification, analysis and generalization of the features of community interpreting, as well as in the study of the specifics of community interpreting at the present stage as a necessary component of the communicative environment of modern society. Distinctive features of communal translation are its versatility, wide coverage of various aspects of life, which lead to the use of a variety of terminology, different types of discourses and speech styles, the presence of slang, dialects, and abbreviations of different subjects. The specialists, who carry out this type of translation, must possess socio-cultural competence along with language and speech knowledge and skills.
Features of L.E. Ulitskaya's idiosyncrasy and the problem of its interlanguage transmission (based on the material of originals and translations into English of L.E. Ulitskaya's works "Medea and her Children", "Daniel Stein, translator")
Authors: Bozhanova Kseniia Sergeevna
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study is to consider various definitions and approaches to the concept of idiostyle. To identify and describe the characteristic features of the idiostyle of L.E. Ulitskaya's works "Medea and her Children", "Daniel Stein, translator", as well as to compare the original texts of the novels with their translation and determine whether the idiostyle is preserved when translating these works of L.E. Ulitskaya into English. To analyze which translation techniques were used to convey the idiostyle. The purpose of the study identified the following tasks: firstly, to define the concepts of idiostyle and idiolect; secondly, to consider the difference between the concepts of idiostyle and idiolect; thirdly, to identify the features that form the idiostyle of L.E.Ulitskaya; fourthly, to consider the features of translation, the elements that form the idiostyle. The subject of the study is the idiosyncrasy and the features that form the idiosyncrasy of the works under consideration. The object of the analysis is the semantic means and grammatical structures that form the idiostyle, and the features of their translation into English. The comparative method allows us to determine whether national cultural components are preserved in translation, whether the phrases of greeting and farewell in letters change, whether the realities of Russian culture are conveyed in the texts of translations. The method of contextual analysis consists in the study of fragments of novels, and in the study of the functional specificity of words in the context used. The scientific novelty lies in the identification of idiosyncratic features based on the comparison of L.E. Ulitskaya's novels "Medea and her Children", "Daniel Stein, translator". The theoretical and practical significance is due to the possibility of applying the research results and conclusions in further development of issues of preserving idiostyle in translation, determining the content of lectures and practical classes in stylistics, linguoculturology, as well as in the construction of courses "Linguistic text analysis" and "Theory and practice of translation". As a result of the research, the most striking elements that form the idiosyncrasy of L.E.Ulitskaya were identified, namely: the use of proper names in the titles of novels, as well as letters in the texts of works, the use of phrases of greeting and farewell, rhetorical questions, anthroponyms, metaphors, repetitions.
Epistasis between mutator alleles contributes to germline mutation spectra variability in laboratory mice
Authors: Sasani Thomas A. , Quinlan Aaron R. , Harris Kelley
Published: January 2024

Maintaining germline genome integrity is essential and enormously complex. Although many proteins are involved in DNA replication, proofreading, and repair [1],
mutator alleles
have largely eluded detection in mammals.DNA replication and repair proteins often recognize sequence motifs or excise lesions at specific nucleotides. Thus, we might expect that the spectrum of
de novo
mutations — the frequencies of C>T, A>G, etc. — will differ between genomes that harbor either a mutator or wild-type allele. Previously, we used quantitative trait locus mapping to discover candidate mutator alleles in the DNA repair gene
Mutyh
that increased the C>A germline mutation rate in a family of inbred mice known as the BXDs [2,3].In this study we developed a new method to detect alleles associated with mutation spectrum variation and applied it to mutation data from the BXDs. We discovered an additional C>A mutator locus on chromosome 6 that overlaps
Ogg1
, a DNA glycosylase involved in the same base-excision repair network as
Mutyh
[4]. Its effect depended on the presence of a mutator allele near
Mutyh
, and BXDs with mutator alleles at both loci had greater numbers of C>A mutations than those with mutator alleles at either locus alone. Our new methods for analyzing mutation spectra reveal evidence of epistasis between germline mutator alleles and may be applicable to mutation data from humans and other model organisms.
Physiological and metabolic insights into the first cultured anaerobic representative of deep-sea Planctomycetes bacteria
Authors: Zheng Rikuan , Wang Chong , Liu Rui , Cai Ruining , Sun Chaomin
Published: January 2024

Planctomycetes
bacteria are ubiquitously distributed across various biospheres and play key roles in global element cycles. However, few deep-sea
Planctomycetes
members have been cultivated, limiting our understanding of
Planctomycetes
in the deep biosphere. Here, we have successfully cultured a novel strain of
Planctomycetes
(strain ZRK32) from a cold seep sediment, by using an enriched medium supplemented with rifampicin and different nitrogen sources. Our genomic, physiological and phylogenetic analyses indicate that strain ZRK32 is a novel species, which we propose be named:
Poriferisphaera heterotrophicis
. We show that strain ZRK32 replicates using a budding mode of division. Based on the combined results from growth assays and transcriptomic analyses, we found that rich nutrients, or supplementation with NO
3
-
or NH
4
+
promoted the growth of strain ZRK32 by facilitating energy production through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) glycolysis pathway. Moreover, supplementation with NO
3
-
or NH
4
+
induced strain ZRK32 to release a bacteriophage in a chronic manner, without host cell lysis. This bacteriophage then enabled strain ZRK32, and another marine bacterium that we studied, to metabolize nitrogen through the function of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). Overall, these findings expand our understanding of deep-sea
Planctomycetes
bacteria, while highlighting their ability to metabolize nitrogen when reprogrammed by chronic viruses.
Early roots of information-seeking: Infants predict and generalize the value of information
Authors: Ghilardi Tommaso , Poli Francesco , Meyer Marlene , Colizoli Olympia , Hunnius Sabine
Published: January 2024

Humans face the challenge of making sense of a complex world. Learning where to find information is crucial to filter through the abundance of stimuli, distinguish relevant from irrelevant sources, and optimize our learning. Here, we examined the developmental roots of information-seeking by testing whether 8-month-old infants can predict where to find information. We presented infants with visual cues indicating whether they will later receive information about the location of a rewarding stimulus. We analyzed the dynamics of pupil dilation when the cues were presented, but before the actual information was delivered. By combining additive Bayesian models with reinforcement learning, we show that infants learn to successfully predict what cues have a greater informational value and that they generalize these predictions to novel cues that share the same perceptual features. These results reveal the fundamental learning processes that support information-seeking from early in life.
The Genomic Legacy of Aurochs hybridization in ancient and modern Iberian Cattle
Authors: Günther Torsten , Chisausky Jacob , Galindo-Pellicena M Ángeles , Iriarte Eneko , Gardyn Oscar Cortes , Eusebi Paulina G , García-González Rebeca , Urena Irene , Moreno Marta , Alday Alfonso , Rojo Manuel , Pérez Amalia , Rodríguez Cristina Tejedor , de Lagrán Iñigo García Martínez , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Carretero José-Miguel , Götherström Anders , Smith Colin , Valdiosera Cristina
Published: January 2024

Cattle have been a valuable economic resource and cultural icon since prehistory. From the initial expansion of domestic cattle into Europe during the Neolithic period, taurine cattle (
Bos taurus
) and their wild ancestor, the aurochs (
B. primigenius
), had overlapping ranges, leading to ample opportunities for mating (whether intended by farmers or not). We performed a bioarchaeological analysis of 24 Bos remains from Iberia dating from the Mesolithic to the Roman period. The archaeogenomic dataset allows us to investigate the extent of domestic-wild hybridization over time, providing insight into the species’ behavior and human hunting and management practices by aligning changes with cultural and genomic transitions in the archaeological record. Our results show frequent hybridization during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic, likely reflecting a mix of hunting and herding or relatively unmanaged herds, with mostly male aurochs and female domestic cattle involved in hybridization. This is supported by isotopic evidence consistent with ecological niche sharing, with only a few domestic cattle possibly being managed. The proportion of aurochs ancestry remains relatively constant from about 4000 years ago, probably due to herd management and selection against first generation hybrids, coinciding with other cultural transitions. The constant level of wild ancestry (∽20%) continues into modern western European breeds including the Spanish Lidia breed which is bred for its aggressiveness and fighting ability, but does not display elevated levels of aurochs ancestry. This study takes a genomic glance at the impact of human actions and wild introgression in the establishment of cattle as one of the most important domestic species today.
Stochastic parabolic growth promotes coexistence and a relaxed error threshold in RNA-like replicator populations
Authors: Paczkó Mátyás , Szathmáry Eörs , Szilágyi András
Published: January 2024

The RNA world hypothesis proposes that during the early evolution of life, primordial genomes of the first self-propagating evolutionary units existed in the form of RNA-like polymers. Autonomous, non-enzymatic and sustained replication of such information carriers presents a problem, because product formation and mutual hybridization between template and copy strands reduces replication speed. Kinetics of growth is then parabolic with the benefit of entailing competitive coexistence, thereby maintaining diversity. Here, we test the information-maintaining ability of parabolic growth in stochastic multispecies population models under the constraints of constant total population size and chemostat conditions. We found that large population sizes and small differences in the replication rates favor the coexistence of the vast majority of replicator species (“genes”), while the error-threshold problem is alleviated relative to exponential amplification. In addition, sequence effects (GC content) and the strength of resource competition mediated by the rate of resource inflow determine the number of coexisting variants, suggesting that fluctuations in building block availability favored repeated cycles of exploration and exploitation. Stochastic parabolic growth could thus have played a pivotal role in preserving viable sequences generated by random abiotic synthesis and providing diverse genetic raw material to the early evolution of functional ribozymes.
The potassium channel subunit KV1.8 (Kcna10) is essential for the distinctive outwardly rectifying conductances of type I and II vestibular hair cells
Authors: Martin Hannah R. , Lysakowski Anna , Eatock Ruth Anne
Published: January 2024

In amniotes, head motions and tilt are detected by two types of vestibular hair cells (HCs) with strikingly different morphology and physiology. Mature type I HCs express a large and very unusual potassium conductance, g
K,L
, which activates negative to resting potential, confers very negative resting potentials and low input resistances, and enhances an unusual non-quantal transmission from type I cells onto their calyceal afferent terminals. Following clues pointing to K
V
1.8 (KCNA10) in the Shaker K channel family as a candidate g
K,L
subunit, we compared whole-cell voltage-dependent currents from utricular hair cells of K
V
1.8-null mice and littermate controls. We found that K
V
1.8 is necessary not just for g
K,L
but also for fastinactivating and delayed rectifier currents in type II HCs, which activate positive to resting potential. The distinct properties of the three K
V
1.8-dependent conductances may reflect different mixing with other K
V
1 subunits, such as K
V
1.4 (KCNA4). In K
V
1.8-null HCs of both types, residual outwardly rectifying conductances include K
V
7 (KCNQ) channels.Current clamp records show that in both HC types, K
V
1.8-dependent conductances increase the speed and damping of voltage responses. Features that speed up vestibular receptor potentials and non-quantal afferent transmission may have helped stabilize locomotion as tetrapods moved from water to land.
ensino religioso no estado democràtico de dereito brasileiro
Authors: Senra Nogueira Pedrosa Morais Márcio Eduardo
Published: January 2024

Tem-se por objetivo, por intermédio da presente pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e jurisprudencial, discorrer sobre o ensino religioso no Brasil, por intermédio do texto constitucional de 1988, considerando a trajetória constitucional brasileira, além do artigo 11 do Acordo entre a República Federativa do Brasil e a Santa Sé relativo ao Estatuto Jurídico da Igreja Católica no Brasil, assinado no dia 13 de novembro de 2008 entre o Brasil e a Santa Sé. Aborda-se também o julgamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal referente ao tema, em 2017. A problemática da pesquisa se relaciona com o questionamento acerca da sua institucionalização em face do modelo laico de Estado. Tem-se como hipótese a afirmação de haver um conflito entre o modelo adotado no Brasil e o princípio laico, o que se confirma em nível de conclusão do estudo.
Circuncisión infantil: ¿criminalización o regulación de la práctica religiosa?
Authors: Brusau Jeremias
Published: January 2024

El trabajo presenta un análisis crítico de las discusiones sobre criminalización de la circuncisión infantil realizada por motivos religiosos. Se incluye un panorama del estado y la relevancia actual de la discusión, y una evaluación de distintos argumentos que se han presentado a favor de la criminalización de la práctica. Desde la posición asumida en el trabajo, los padres o tutores que deciden circuncidar a un niño por razones religiosas están garantizando su derecho a la participación en la vida religiosa de su comunidad, y por lo tanto la prohibición de la práctica no resulta recomendable. Específicamente en el contexto del sistema jurídico argentino, se plantea que la prohibición de la circuncisión estaría sujeta a un escrutinio estricto frente a una tacha de inconstitucionalidad por parte de personas o grupos religiosos afectados por esa norma, y por lo tanto se partiría de una presunción de inconstitucionalidad que sería muy difícil de rebatir. Por el contrario, el legislador podría optar por una regulación de la práctica imponiendo el respeto de ciertos estándares médicos, como medida de reducción de riesgos.
Colombia: Nuevo convenio de derecho público interno con entidades religiosas.
Authors: Prieto Vicente
Published: January 2024

Con fecha 6 de junio de 2023 el Presidente de la República emitió el Decreto 922, por medio del cual se aprobó el Convenio de Derecho Público Interno n. 2 de 2023 con algunas entidades religiosas. De esta manera se acudió de nuevo a un instrumento mantenido en desuso por más de 25 años. El Convenio anterior, y hasta 2023 el único pacto con estas características, había sido suscrito en 1997 (Convenio de Derecho Público Interno n. 1 de ese año).En las líneas que siguen se intentará, en primer lugar, describir la naturaleza de este tipo de Convenios, y la evolución normativa a partir de la Ley Estatutaria de Libertad Religiosa (Ley 133 de 1994); en un segundo momento se hará un breve análisis comparativo de los dos Convenios vigentes (1997 y 2023), centrado en sus materias principales: efectos civiles del matrimonio, enseñanza de la religión, asistencia religiosa en instalaciones militares, carcelarias y hospitalarias, y lugares de culto. Al final se proponen algunas reflexiones conclusivas.