bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Hundred Eight Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in China: Clinical Feature, Prognosis, and Comparison of Pure and Mixed Forms
Authors: Yan Lirong , Wang Zhimin , Xu Zhimin , Li Yishi , Tao Yongkang , Fan Chaomei
Published: November 2011

Background:

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a relatively rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), originally described in Japan and later in the West. Limited information is available on this disease in China.

Hypothesis:

This study was designed to describe clinical features and prognoses of patients with AHCM in China.

Methods:

A retrospective study of 208 consecutive patients with AHCM examined at FuWai Hospital was performed. Clinical features, mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity were analyzed.

Results:

The 208 patients with AHCM represented 16.0% of all HCM patients. Among them, 64.4% were pure form and 35.6% were mixed form. Compared with the pure group, the mixed group had a significantly larger left atrial diameter and thicker apical thickness. One hundred ninety‐nine patients had a mean follow‐up of 8.0 ± 3.5 years, cardiovascular mortality was 1.0%, and annual cardiovascular mortality was 0.1%. The 2 cardiovascular deaths were both mixed form. The probability of survival was 97.0 ± 2% at 10 years. Of the patients, 17.8% had 1 or more cardiovascular events. The probability of survival without morbid events at 10 years was 77 ± 4%. Three independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity were identified: age at diagnosis ≥60 years, left atrial diameter ≥36 mm, and New York Heart Association class ≥III at baseline.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of AHCM is relatively high, and it has a benign prognosis in China. However, 17.8% of patients may develop cardiovascular events. It is important to distinguish the 2 phenotypes of AHCM; the mixed form is less common but more serious than the pure form. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This work was supported by a grant from the Special Foundation by the Ministry of National Science and Technology. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Can Participatory Modelling Support Social Learning in Marine Fisheries? Reflections from the Invest in Fish South West Project
Authors: Squires Heather , Renn Ortwin
Published: November 2011

Seeking agreement through deliberation and knowledge sharing with the support of analytical models as decision support tools has increasingly been advocated for in science‐intense policy‐making. Until now, there are only few case studies of public participation in natural resource decision‐making in which the interface of scientific modelling and stakeholder deliberation is described or analysed in more detail. The Invest in Fish South West project was designed accordingly. It used bio‐economic modelling to support stakeholder deliberations and consensus building on policy recommendations for European marine fisheries. Based on interviews and our experience as project participants, we examine the model's contribution to social learning. We highlight the importance of clear expectations within participatory assessments – the importance of process features surrounding modelling as well as the broader socio‐political context influencing social learning. Our examination illustrates a tension between a drive for evidence‐based policy‐making and a post‐normal science emphasis on knowledge co‐generation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Detection of physiological noise in resting state fMRI using machine learning
Authors: Ash Tom , Suckling John , Walter Martin , Ooi Cinly , Tempelmann Claus , Carpenter Adrian , Williams Guy
Published: November 2011

We present a technique for predicting cardiac and respiratory phase on a time point by time point basis, from fMRI image data. These predictions have utility in attempts to detrend effects of the physiological cycles from fMRI image data. We demonstrate the technique both in the case where it can be trained on a subject's own data, and when it cannot. The prediction scheme uses a multiclass support vector machine algorithm. Predictions are demonstrated to have a close fit to recorded physiological phase, with median Pearson correlation scores between recorded and predicted values of 0.99 for the best case scenario (cardiac cycle trained on a subject's own data) down to 0.83 for the worst case scenario (respiratory predictions trained on group data), as compared to random chance correlation score of 0.70. When predictions were used with RETROICOR—a popular physiological noise removal tool—the effects are compared to using recorded phase values. Using Fourier transforms and seed based correlation analysis, RETROICOR is shown to produce similar effects whether recorded physiological phase values are used, or they are predicted using this technique. This was seen by similar levels of noise reduction noise in the same regions of the Fourier spectra, and changes in seed based correlation scores in similar regions of the brain. This technique has a use in situations where data from direct monitoring of the cardiac and respiratory cycles are incomplete or absent, but researchers still wish to reduce this source of noise in the image data. Hum Brain Mapp , 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular imaging of breast tumors using a near‐infrared fluorescently labeled clusterin binding peptide
Authors: Filfil Rana , Paul‐Roc Béatrice , Cantin Christiane , Iqbal Umar , Tolkatchev Dmitri , Vinogradova Anna , Xu Ping , Ni Feng , O'Connor‐McCourt Maureen D. , Lenferink Anne E.G.
Published: November 2011

Several reports have shown that secreted clusterin (sCLU) plays multiple roles in tumor development and metastasis. Here, we report on a 12‐mer sCLU binding peptide (designated P3378) that was identified by screening a phage‐display peptide library against purified human sCLU. Differential resonance perturbation nuclear magnetic resonance using P3378 and a scrambled control peptide (designated P3378R) confirmed the P3378‐sCLU interaction and demonstrated that it was sequence specific. P3378 and P3378R peptides were conjugated to an Alexa680 near infrared fluorophore (NIRF) and assessed for their tumor homing abilities in in vivo time‐domain fluorescence optical imaging experiments using living 4T1 tumor bearing BALB/c mice. When injected in separate animals, both peptides accumulated at the tumor site, however the NIRF‐labeled P3378 peptide was retained for a significant longer period of time than the P3378R peptide. Similar observations were made after simultaneously injecting the same tumor‐bearing animal with a peptide mixture of P3378 DyLight (DL)680 and the P3378R‐DL800. Coinjection of P3378‐DL680 with excess unlabeled P3378 blocked tumor accumulation of fluorescent signal while excess P3378R control peptide did not confirming the sequence specificity of the tumor accumulation. Finally, ex vivo fluorescence microscopy of these tumors confirmed the presence of P3378‐DL680 in the tumor and its colocalization with CLU. These results confirm the tumor targeting specificity of the P3378 CLU‐binding peptide and suggest its usefulness for the in vivo monitoring of solid tumors secreting detectable levels of CLU.
Crystal Twins Revisited
Authors: Senechal Marjorie Wikler
Published: November 2011

Just as “quasicrystals” demanded a new definition of “crystal,” they demand that we redefine crystal twins.
pH‐based cation exchange chromatography in the capture and elution of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Ng Paul K. , Snyder Mark A.
Published: November 2011

Cation exchange chromatography separates adsorbed proteins by controlling the salt concentration or the mobile phase pH. This study examines the pH‐based method for binding and elution of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Five different clones with isoelectric points from 6 to 9 were evaluated. We performed our studies using a new chromatography resin (Nuvia™ S), which has high binding capacity. A three‐column process incorporating Nuvia S as a capture step was also demonstrated for the purification of MAb from tissue culture fluid. Chromatography performance of Nuvia S was demonstrated in a 50‐cycle study.
Fault‐tolerant spanners for ad hoc networks
Authors: Satyanarayana D. , Rao S. V.
Published: November 2011

Spanners for ad hoc networks provide several benefits such as low communication cost and resource consumption. These spanners need to be fault tolerant in resource‐constrained ad hoc networks. In this paper, we have proposed three spanners, called fault‐tolerant local Delaunay triangulation (FTLDel), fault‐tolerant relative neighborhood graph (FTRNG), and fault‐tolerant Gabriel graph (FTGG). The fault‐tolerant spanners provide reliability to the network by avoiding heavy packet loss and retaining useful geometric properties. The performance of fault‐tolerant spanners FTLDel, FTRNG, and FTGG are evaluated using the network simulator ns2.28. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic coupling between activation and inactivation gating in potassium channels revealed by free energy molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Pan Albert C. , Cuello Luis G. , Perozo Eduardo , Roux Benoît
Published: November 2011

The amount of ionic current flowing through K+ channels is determined by the interplay between two separate time-dependent processes: activation and inactivation gating. Activation is concerned with the stimulus-dependent opening of the main intracellular gate, whereas inactivation is a spontaneous conformational transition of the selectivity filter toward a nonconductive state occurring on a variety of timescales. A recent analysis of multiple x-ray structures of open and partially open KcsA channels revealed the mechanism by which movements of the inner activation gate, formed by the inner helices from the four subunits of the pore domain, bias the conformational changes at the selectivity filter toward a nonconductive inactivated state. This analysis highlighted the important role of Phe103, a residue located along the inner helix, near the hinge position associated with the opening of the intracellular gate. In the present study, we use free energy perturbation molecular dynamics simulations (FEP/MD) to quantitatively elucidate the thermodynamic basis for the coupling between the intracellular gate and the selectivity filter. The results of the FEP/MD calculations are in good agreement with experiments, and further analysis of the repulsive, van der Waals dispersive, and electrostatic free energy contributions reveals that the energetic basis underlying the absence of inactivation in the F103A mutation in KcsA is the absence of the unfavorable steric interaction occurring with the large Ile100 side chain in a neighboring subunit when the intracellular gate is open and the selectivity filter is in a conductive conformation. Macroscopic current analysis shows that the I100A mutant indeed relieves inactivation in KcsA, but to a lesser extent than the F103A mutant.
Operating systems and network protocols for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Dutta Prabal , Dunkels Adam
Published: November 2011

Sensor network protocols exist to satisfy the communication needs of diverse applications, including data collection, event detection, target tracking and control. Network protocols to enable these services are constrained by the extreme resource scarcity of sensor nodes—including energy, computing, communications and storage—which must be carefully managed and multiplexed by the operating system. These challenges have led to new protocols and operating systems that are efficient in their energy consumption, careful in their computational needs and miserly in their memory footprints, all while discovering neighbours, forming networks, delivering data and correcting failures.
Home healthcare nurse retention and patient outcome model: discussion and model development
Authors: Ellenbecker Carol Hall , Cushman Margaret
Published: November 2011

ellenbecker c.h. & cushman m. (2011) Home healthcare nurse retention and patient outcome model: discussion and model development. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(6), 1881–1893.

Aim.  This paper discusses additions to an empirically tested model of home healthcare nurse retention. An argument is made that the variables of shared decision‐making and organizational commitment be added to the model based on the authors’ previous research and additional evidence from the literature.

Background.  Previous research testing the home healthcare nurse retention model established empirical relationships between nurse, agency, and area characteristics to nurse job satisfaction, intent to stay, and retention. Unexplained model variance prompted a new literature search to augment understanding of nurse retention and patient and agency outcomes.

Data sources.  Data come from the authors’ previous research, and a literature search from 1990 to 2011 on the topics organizational commitment, shared decision‐making, nurse retention, patient outcomes and agency performance.

Discussion.  The literature provides a rationale for the additional variables of shared decision‐making and affective and continuous organizational commitment, linking these variables to nurse job satisfaction, nurse intent to stay, nurse retention and patient outcomes and agency performance.

Implications for nursing.  The new variables in the model suggest that all agencies, even those not struggling to retain nurses, should develop interventions to enhance nurse job satisfaction to assure quality patient outcomes.

Conclusion.  The new nurse retention and patient outcome model increases our understanding of nurse retention. An understanding of the relationship among these variables will guide future research and the development of interventions to create and maintain nursing work environments that contribute to nurse affective agency commitment, nurse retention and quality of patient outcomes.
DOES SPENDING MORE ON TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAMS MAKE ECONOMIC SENSE? AN INCREMENTAL BENEFIT‐COST ANALYSIS USING PANEL DATA
Authors: CHATTOPADHYAY SUDIP , PIEPER DAVID R.
Published: November 2011

This paper presents a benefit‐cost analysis of the ongoing, state‐level tobacco prevention and control programs in the United States. Using state‐level panel data for the years 1991–2007, the study applies several variants of econometric modeling approaches to estimate the state‐level tobacco demand. The paper finds a statistically significant evidence of a sustained and steadily increasing long‐run impact of the tobacco control program spending on cigarette demand in states. The study also shows that, if individual states follow the Best Practices funding guidelines, potential future annual benefits of the tobacco control program can be as high as 14–20 times the cost of program implementation. (JEL C2, H5, I1)
Periorificial Dermatitis Due to Systemic Corticosteroids in Children: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Clementson Blair , Smidt Aimee C.
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Periorificial dermatitis is a common acneiform eruption that is thought to represent a variant of rosacea. These patients typically present with uniform erythematous papules most commonly located periorally but also occurring around the nose and eyelids. This eruption has been linked to topical corticosteroid use, with only a few reports in the literature associated with systemic steroid use in adults. Here, we report two cases of periorificial dermatitis occurring after systemic corticosteroid use in children.
Improvement of Myocardial Performance (Tei) Index Closely Reflects Intrinsic Improvement of Cardiac Function: Assessment in Revascularized Hibernating Myocardium
Authors: Carluccio Erberto , Biagioli Paolo , Alunni Gianfranco , Murrone Adriano , Zuchi Cinzia , Biscottini Emilia , Lauciello Rosanna , Pantano Paola , Gentile Federico , Nishimura Rick A , Ambrosio Giuseppe
Published: November 2011

Background: Myocardial performance index (MPI), or Tei index, is an indicator of systolic and diastolic myocardial function. MPI increases in case of cardiac dysfunction; however, whether reversal of left ventricular dysfunction is also reflected by concomitant improvement (i.e., decrease) of MPI is unknown. Methods: Fifty‐two patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy and viable myocardium by dobutamine stress echocardiography were studied by echocardiography before and more than 4 months after cardiac revascularization. Patients were in optimal medical therapy, which remained unchanged following revascularization. Results: At baseline, ejection fraction (EF: 32 ± 6%) and wall motion score index (WMSI: 2.37 ± 0.32) were impaired, and MPI averaged 0.71 ± 0.19. Revascularization markedly improved EF (44 ± 10%, P < 0.0001) and WMSI (1.77 ± 0.44, P < 0.0001). MPI also improved (0.59 ± 0.26, P < 0.0001), and its decrease was significantly correlated with the improvement in EF (r =−0.68, P < 0.0001) and to the extent of viable myocardium (r =−0.45, P = 0.0007). Responders to revascularization (≥5% increase in EF at follow‐up, n = 40% and 77%) achieved a significant improvement in MPI at follow‐up in contrast with nonresponders (−23 ± 25% vs. 0.02 ± 0.18%, P = 0.001). Improvement in MPI was largely driven by a significant reduction in isovolumic contraction time (P < 0.001) with consequent prolongation of the ejection phase. Conclusion: In patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy, MPI improves along with recovery of function, reflecting the intrinsic improvement of viable segments induced by revascularization. (Echocardiography 2012;29:298‐306)
Immediate versus early non‐occlusal loading of dental implants placed flapless in partially edentulous patients: A 3‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Merli Mauro , Moscatelli Marco , Mariotti Giorgia , Piemontese Matteo , Nieri Michele
Published: November 2011

Aim

To compare immediate versus early non‐occlusal loading of dental implants placed flapless in a 3‐year, parallel group, randomized clinical trial.

Materials and Methods

The study was conducted in a private dental clinic between July 2005 and July 2010. Patients 18 years or older were randomized to receive implants for fixed partial dentures in cases of partial edentulism. The test group was represented by immediate non‐occlusal implant loading, whereas the control group was represented by early non‐occlusal implant loading. The outcome variables were implant failure, complications and radiographic bone level at implant sites 3 years after loading, measured from the implant–abutment junction to the most coronal point of bone‐to‐implant contact. Randomization was computer‐generated with allocation concealment by opaque sequentially numbered sealed envelopes, and the measurer was blinded to group assignment.

Results

Sixty patients were randomized: 30 to the immediately loaded group and 30 to the early loaded group. Four patients dropped out; however, the data of all patients were included in the analysis. No implant failure occurred. Two complications occurred in the control group and one in the test group. The mean bone level at 3 years was 1.91 mm for test group and 1.59 mm for control group. The adjusted difference in bone level was 0.26 mm (CI 95% −0.08 to 0.59, p = 0.1232).

Conclusion

The null hypothesis of no difference in failure rates, complications and bone level between implants that were loaded immediately or early at 3 years cannot be rejected in this randomized clinical trial.
Urinary tract infections in children and the risk of ESRF
Authors: Round Jeff , Fitzgerald Anita C , Hulme Claire , Lakhanpaul Monica , Tullus Kjell
Published: November 2011

Aims:  Paediatric guidance on diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) has in the past largely focused on identifying children with vesicoureteral reflux, thought to be at greatest risk of renal scarring. This practice has been questioned, specifically the accepted association between UTI and end‐stage renal failure (ESRF) through renal scarring. The aim of this article is to ascertain whether we can predict with confidence the true level of risk that a child with a first‐time UTI will subsequently develop ESRF attributable to UTI.

Methods:  Using data available from renal registries, an analytical approach based on previous estimates of risk is used to demonstrate the range of plausible estimates of risk that can be generated and levels of uncertainty that surrounds those estimates.

Results:  Estimates of the perceived risk of developing ESRF following UTI range from 1/154 to 1/199 900 and are heavily dependent on the assumptions made and the source of data.

Conclusion:  There is considerable uncertainty in the relationship between childhood UTI and risk of ESRF based on the data currently available. Until further evidence is available, clinicians will continue to debate the risk of UTI and ESRF and consensus opinion will continue to guide management.
The experiences of nurse practitioners providing health care to the homeless
Authors: Seiler Ashley J. , Moss Vicki A.
Published: November 2011

Purpose: Homelessness is a growing public health and social concern in our society. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to gain insight into the unique experiences of nurse practitioners (NPs) who provide health care to the homeless.

Data sources: Audio‐taped, open‐ended interviews were conducted with nine NPs from southeast and northeast Wisconsin.

Conclusions: Five themes and 13 subthemes emerged from the NPs’ accounts. The main themes included: (1) why they do what they do; (2) a unique population with unique needs; (3) NP characteristics; (4) how the relationship develops; and (5) lessons learned: a relationship of reciprocity.

Implications for practice: Study findings will assist healthcare providers to gain insight into the experience of providing health care to the homeless and learn what it takes to become successful in such an important and much needed role.
A Boundary Element Method Analysis of the Thermal Aspects of Metal Cutting Processes
Authors: Chan Cho Lik , Chandra Abhijit
Published: November 2011

In this paper, the boundary element method (BEM) approach is used to analyze the thermal aspects of steady state metal cutting processes. Particular attention is paid to modeling of the boundary conditions at the tool-chip and the chip-workpiece interfaces. Since the velocities in each of the regions are different, the heat transfer within the tool, the chip, and the workpiece are first calculated separately. A complete model for heat transfer during steady state turning is then obtained by matching the boundary conditions across the primary and the secondary shear zones. An exact expression for matching is developed to avoid any iterations. The temperature fields within the workpiece, the chip, and the tool for various processing conditions are obtained and presented. The numerical results obtained by the BEM are also compared to Jaeger solutions and existing FEM results reported in the literature. The BEM is found to be efficient and robust for this class of steady state conduction-convection problems.
Instability Analysis in Curve Noise of Urban Railway Systems for Optimal Steering Bogie Development
Authors: Koh Hyo-In , Park Joon-Hyuk
Published: November 2011

This paper is primarily aimed at investigating the excitation related factors of curve noise in urban metro lines. This study is initiated within the scope of a project on the development of an active steering bogie, which has the purpose of reducing the wear and noise caused by curves. Noise and wheel profile monitoring tests were carried out four times in 2007–2008. In order to identify the excitation conditions, the frequencies are investigated which are related to the unstable dynamic behaviors of the wheel. In addition, the curve negotiation performance of a metro train was analyzed to investigate the time-domain characteristics of the creepages and creep forces caused by the curved sections. The frequency region, where the flexible dynamic behavior of a wheel is unstable and the occurrence time of the unstable dynamical behavior match well with the results of the noise measurements. The relationship between the noise generation related factors due to the lateral creepage in the contact region and the longitudinal creepage, the spin creepage could be also identified. As a new approach, the parameters related to the curve noise excitation caused by the dynamic instability of the wheel are predicted with consideration to the control concept of the active steering bogie, which is now in development. A calculation on the steering performance of an active steering bogie concept shows a promising reduction in and a stable dynamic condition of the lateral creep parameters of the inner front wheel.
ON THE MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF THE DYNAMICS OF SWARMS VIEWED AS COMPLEX SYSTEMS
Authors: BELLOMO N. , SOLER J.
Published: November 2011

This paper deals with the modeling and simulation of swarms viewed as a living, hence complex, system. The approach is based on methods of kinetic theory and statistical mechanics, where interactions at the microscopic scale are nonlinearly additive and modeled by stochastic games.
Direct Deposition of Micron-Thick Aligned CeramicTiO2Nanofibrous Film on FTOs by Double-Needle Electrospinning Using Air-Turbulence Shielded Disc Collector
Authors: Krishnamoorthy T. , Thavasi V. , Akshara V. , Kumar A. Senthil , Pliszka D. , Mhaisalkar S. G. , Ramakrishna S.
Published: November 2011

One-dimensional (1D) metal oxides, typically nanowires and nanorods, have unique electronic and optical properties due to quantum phenomena that find applications in modern energy and electronic devices. We present here the electrospinning method that produces the aligned TiO2nanofibres directly on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates mounted rotating disc collector. The aligned TiO2ceramic nanofibres mat of 6 μm thickness is achieved in 4 h using a nonconductive enclosed-air-shield with air-hood design over the FTO mounted rotating disc collector. The aligned TiO2nanofibers are found to retain its integrity and binding on FTO surface even after sintering at 500°C. SIMON 8 modeling package is used to determine the behaviour of the charged polymer/TiO2jet when single and double needles are used for electrospinning process. The simulation study reveals that the repulsive force of the charged fibers from the double needle exerts stronger electric field distribution along the flow of stream that results in the reduction of the fibers diameter, which is about 28 nm than that of using single-needle system.
Moist versus Dry Baroclinic Instability in a Simplified Two-Layer Atmospheric Model with Condensation and Latent Heat Release
Authors: Lambaerts Julien , Lapeyre Guillaume , Zeitlin Vladimir
Published: November 2011

The authors undertake a detailed analysis of the influence of water vapor condensation and latent heat release upon the evolution of the baroclinic instability. The framework consists in a two-layer rotating shallow-water model with moisture coupled to dynamics through mass exchange between the layers due to condensation/precipitation. The model gives all known in literature models of this kind as specific limits. It is fully nonlinear and ageostrophic. The reference state is a baroclinic Bickley jet. The authors first study its “dry” linear instability and then use the most unstable mode to initialize high-resolution numerical simulations of the life cycle of the instability in nonprecipitating (moisture being a passive tracer) and precipitating cases. A new-generation well-balanced finite-volume scheme is used in these simulations.

The evolution in the nonprecipitating case follows the standard cyclonic wave-breaking life cycle of the baroclinic instability, which is reproduced with a high fidelity. In the precipitating case, the onset of condensation significantly increases the growth rate of the baroclinic instability at the initial stages due to production of available potential energy by the latent heat release. Condensation occurs in frontal regions and wraps up around the cyclone, which is consistent with the moist cyclogenesis theory and observations. Condensation induces a clear-cut cyclone–anticyclone asymmetry. The authors explain the underlying mechanism and show how it modifies the equilibration of the flow at the late stages of the saturation of the instability. In spite of significant differences in the evolution, only weak differences in various norms of the perturbations remain between precipitating and nonprecipitating cases at the end of the saturation process.
The role of metaphor in shaping the identity and agenda of the United Nations: The imagining of an international community and international threat
Authors: McEntee-Atalianis Lisa J.
Published: November 2011

This article examines the representation of the United Nations in speeches delivered by its Secretary-General (SG). It focuses on the role of metaphor in constructing a common ‘imagining’ of international diplomacy and legitimizing an international organizational identity. The SG legitimizes the organization, in part, through the delegitimization of agents/actions/events constructed as threatening to the international community and to the well-being of mankind. It is a desire to combat the forces of menace or evil which are argued to motivate and determine the organizational agenda. This is predicated upon an international ideology of humanity in which difference is silenced and ‘working towards the common good’ is emphasized. This is exploited to rouse emotions and legitimize institutional power. Polarization and antithesis are achieved through the employment of metaphors designed to enhance positive and negative evaluations. The article further points to the constitutive, persuasive and edifying1 power of topic and situationally motivated metaphors in speech-making.
In Situ Observation of Wacker-type Reaction System in Organic Solvent by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) Analysis
Authors: Okuoka Shin-ichi , Akatsuka Takeo , Miyoshi Yasuyuki , Tsukajima Aki , Saito Makoto , Yonehara Koji
Published: November 2011

The in situ observation of a Wacker-type reaction system has been conducted by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis, revealing the ligand exchange on palladium from trifluoroacetato to alkene and reoxidation of a palladium/alkene complex by copper proceed in organic solvent.
Beth Ditto and the Post-Feminist Masquerade; or How ‘Post’ can Post-Punk Be?
Authors: GUARRACINO SERENA
Published: November 2011

This article explores the elaboration of a post-punk and queer performativity by US indie group Gossip. In particular, it elaborates on Angela McRobbie’s concept of ‘post-feminist masquerade’ in relation to the group’s frontwoman, Beth Ditto. The group has from
the start claimed affiliation to the punk underground, and in particular to 1990s riot grrrl, a movement of women’s bands who entwined punk strategies of reversal in clothing and musical codes with a feminist awareness of the need for women performers to rewrite accepted notions of female
performativity and musicianship. Ditto in particular has engaged in a dialogic relationship with the legacy of riot grrrls via her femme persona and her fat-affirmative statements. Engaging with post-feminist landscapes of femininity, from nude photo shoots to advice columns in G2, Ditto’s
public image embodies the complex legacy of feminist struggles for public representation interpreted through the representational strategies of punk; at the same time, Gossip also engage in a refashioning of the language of women’s punk in a post-feminist era.
Can I Have A Taste of Your Ice Cream?
Authors: O’BRIEN LUCY
Published: November 2011

This article will explore the gender politics of post-punk in Leeds in the early ‘80s. It links the brutalist architecture of the university (now listed buildings), with the rigorous sound of Gang of Four and Delta 5, and how that reflected the austere mood of the late ‘70s/early
‘80s. It will also look at how radical feminism flourished in a post-industrial city affected by the National Front, the Yorkshire Ripper and an aggressive male culture, and how it found a soundtrack in female post-punk bands like Delta 5 and the Au Pairs.
Os objetos educacionais, os metadados e os repositórios na sociedade da informação
Authors: Silva Edna Lúcia da , Café Lígia , Catapan Araci Hack
Published: November 2011

O artigo aborda os objetos de aprendizagem no contexto da sociedade da informação. Apresenta os principais conceitos descritos na literatura para este novo recurso didático. Descreve os padrões de metadados adotados na descrição de objetos de aprendizagem, focalizando objetivos e as instituições responsáveis pelo seu desenvolvimento. Aponta os repositórios mais representativos existentes em nível nacional e no exterior, destacando suas principais características. Conclui tecendo considerações acerca dos benefícios desta nova iniciativa para o acesso aos recursos educacionais, ressaltando a contribuição da ciência da informação e da biblioteconomia neste domínio.
Differences in External and Internal Cortical Strain with Prosthesis in the Femur
Authors: Reikeras Olav , Aarnes Gudrun T , Steen Harald , Ludvigsen Per , Sagvolden Geir
Published: November 2011

The contact between a femoral stem prosthesis and the internal surface of the cortical bone with the stress in the interface is of crucial importance with respect to loosening. However, there are no reports of strain patterns at this site, and the main aim of the current study was to investigate differences of internal and external cortical strain in the proximal femur after insertion of a stem prosthesis. The external cortical strain of a human cadaveric femur was measured with strain gauges before and after implantation of a stem prosthesis. By use of optical fibres embedded longitudinally in the endosteal cortex, deformations at the implant–internal cortex interface could also be measured. The main external deformation during loading of the intact femur occurred as compression of the medial cortex; both at the proximal and distal levels. The direction of the principal strain on the medial and lateral aspects was close to the longitudinal axis of the bone. After resection of the femoral neck and insertion of a stem prosthesis, the changes in external strain values were greatest medially at the proximal level, where the magnitude of deformation in compression was reduced to about half the values measured on the intact specimen. Otherwise, there were rather small changes in external principal strain. However, by comparing vertical strain in the external and internal cortex of the proximal femur, there were great differences in values and patterns at all positions. The transcortical differences in strain varied from compression on one side to distraction on the other and vice versa in some of the positions with a correlation coefficient of 0.07. Our results show that differences exist between the external and internal cortical strain when loading a stem prosthesis. Hence, strain at the internal cortex does not correspond and can not be deducted from measured strain at the external cortex.
Screening of Large Molecule Diversities by Phage Display
Authors: Rentero Inmaculada , Heinis Christian
Published: November 2011

Molecules with tailored binding specificities are needed for many purposes such as the development of therapeutics, the detection and purification of biomolecules or in chemical biology for the study and manipulation of biological systems. With phage display technology, polypeptides
with binding affinities to targets of interest can be isolated from billions of polypeptide variants with a modest amount of effort, time and cost. The technology was initially used for the generation and screening of peptide and antibody libraries and was later applied to many different protein
scaffolds. More recently, chemically and structurally diverse molecule libraries were generated by chemically modifying phage-displayed polypeptides. In this article, the different classes of natural and non-natural structures that can be encoded and screened by phage display are reviewed
with a special focus on bicyclic peptides that we routinely generate in our laboratory.
Visualizing Biochemical Activities in Living Cells through Chemistry
Authors: Reymond Luc , Griss Rudolf , Schena Alberto , Mollwitz Birgit , Bojkowska Karolina , Masharina Anastasiya , Brun Matthias A. , Maurel Damien , Umezawa Keitaro , Lukinavičius Gražvydas , Johnsson Kai
Published: November 2011

The development of molecular probes to visualize cellular processes is an important challenge in chemical biology. One possibility to create such cellular indicators is based on the selective labeling of proteins with synthetic probes in living cells. Over the last years, our laboratory
has developed different labeling approaches for monitoring protein activity and for localizing synthetic probes inside living cells. In this article, we review two of these labeling approaches, the SNAP-tag and CLIP-tag technologies, and their use for studying cellular processes.
Effects of Radiation Heat Transfer on Entropy Generation at Thermosolutal Convection in a Square Cavity Subjected to a Magnetic Field
Authors: Hidouri Nejib , Bouabid Mounir , Magherbi Mourad , Brahim Ammar Ben
Published: November 2011

Thermosolutal convection in a square cavity filled with a binary perfect gas mixture and submitted to an oriented magnetic field taking into account the effect of radiation heat transfer is numerically investigated. The cavity is heated and cooled along the active walls whereas the two other walls are adiabatic and insulated. Entropy generation due to heat and mass transfer, fluid friction and magnetic effect has been determined for laminar flow by solving numerically: The continuity, momentum energy and mass balance equations, using a Control Volume Finite-Element Method. The structure of the studied flows depends on five dimensionless parameters which are: The Grashof number, the buoyancy ratio, the Hartman number, the inclination angle of the magnetic field and the radiation parameter.
Synthesis of dye/fluorescent functionalized dendrons based on cyclotriphosphazene
Authors: Hameau Aurélien , Fuchs Sabine , Laurent Régis , Majoral Jean-Pierre , Caminade Anne-Marie
Published: November 2011

Functionalized phenols based on tyramine were synthesized in order to be selectively grafted on to hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, affording a variety of functionalized dendrons of type AB5. The B functions comprised fluorescent groups (dansyl) or dyes (dabsyl), whereas the A function was provided by either an aldehyde or an amine. The characterization of these dendrons is reported. An unexpected behaviour of a fluorescent and water-soluble dendron based on dansyl groups in mixtures of dioxane/water was observed.
Efficacy of Bevacizumab-Capecitabine in Combination for the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Dyar Stephen , Moreno-Aspitia Alvaro
Published: November 2011

There is an ongoing need for development of new chemotherapeutic regimens for metastatic breast cancer [mBC], especially when tumors lack therapeutic targets such as the estrogen or progesterone receptor [ER/PR], or the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 [HER2]. Capecitabine is an orally bioavailable fluoropyrimidine approved for monotherapy in mBC, and bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor which has shown to be active in mBC and tolerable in combination with other chemotherapeutics. The combination of these two agents has been explored in multiple phase II and III clinical studies, with improvements in progression-free survival and overall response rates noted as compared to capecitabine monotherapy. However, the use of bevacizumab in combination with capecitabine and other chemotherapy agents for mBC remains beset with controversy due to safety concerns, cost issues, and pending regulatory decisions.
Polyacrylonitrile‐based electrospun carbon paper for electrode applications
Authors: Yang Ying , Simeon Fritz , Hatton T.Alan , Rutledge Gregory C.
Published: November 2011

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based carbon paper with fiber diameters of 200–300 nm was developed through hot‐pressing, pre‐oxidation, and carbonization of electrospun fiber mats. Changes in morphology, crystallinity, and surface chemistry of the hot‐pressed carbon paper were investigated. More junctions between fibers were formed with increasing hot‐press time, which is attributed to melting and bonding of fibers. The bulk density increased to 0.5–0.6 g/cm3, which could help to improve the volume energy density for electrode applications. The conductivity of the carbon paper was found to be about 40 S/cm when the surface area was ∼ 2 m2/g, and depends not only on the conductivity of the individual nanofibers but also on the contacts between the nanofibers. The performance of the electrospun carbon paper as an electrode for electrochemical reactions involving ferrocene molecules was affected by the preparation protocol: the higher surface area of the electrodes formed with shorter hot‐press times provided a higher current generated per unit mass than that obtained with electrodes prepared using longer hot‐press time, but electrodes prepared with longer hot‐press times exhibited higher electrical conductivity and faster electron transfer kinetics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A pattern language for developing privacy enhancing technologies
Authors: Hafiz Munawar
Published: November 2011

A privacy enhancing technology (PET) is an application or a mechanism that allows users to protect the privacy of their personally identifiable information. Early PETs were about enabling anonymous mailing and anonymous browsing, but lately, there have been active research and development efforts in many other problem domains. This paper describes the first pattern language for developing PETs. Currently, it contains 12 patterns. These privacy patterns are not limited to a specific problem domain; they can be applied to design anonymity systems for various types of online communication, online data sharing, location monitoring, voting, and electronic cash management. The pattern language guides a developer when he or she is designing a PET for an existing problem or innovating a solution for a new problem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bax's Elgar: Musical Quotation, Allusion and Compositional Identity in the First String Quartet in G
Authors: Allis Michael
Published: November 2011

Whether we can ascribe specific meanings to the works of Arnold Bax is a vexed question, given that the composer was rarely explicit about such matters. In that context, this article explores the significance of musical quotation and allusion in Bax's First String Quartet in G major (1918), dedicated to Edward Elgar. Several references to Elgar's Violin Concerto are highlighted in the first and second movements of the quartet, and broader stylistic referencesto Dvořák and Debussy are also identified. Explanations are suggested for these references, based on parallels drawn between Bax's musical practice in this work, the composer's early reception, and his prose writings in the Musical Standard and Musical Herald, which discussed ‘artistic good faith’, musical influence and the difficulties of creating a national style in British music.
On algebraic representatives of topological types of analytic hypersurface germs
Authors: de Bobadilla Javier
Published: November 2011

A question of B. Teissier, inspired by a previous problem of R. Thom, asks whether for any germ of complex analytic hypersurface there exists a germ of complex algebraic hypersurface with the same topological type. Up to now, only the case of germs with an isolated singularity is known. In this article we answer in the affirmative, the case of the

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-dimensional singular set and also for embedded topological types.
Primary roles of two dehydrogenases in the mannitol metabolism and multi‐stress tolerance of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Liang , Lu Jiang‐dong , Feng Ming‐Guang
Published: November 2011

Knockout and complement mutants of mannitol‐1‐phosphate dehydrogenase (MPD) and mannitol dehydrogenase (MTD) were constructed to probe the roles of both enzymes in the mannitol metabolism and multi‐stress tolerances of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Compared with wild‐type and complement mutants, ΔBbMPD lost 99.5% MPD activity for reducing fructose‐6‐phosphate to mannitol‐1‐phosphate while ΔBbMTD lost 78.9% MTD activity for oxidizing mannitol to fructose. Consequently, mannitol contents in mycelia and conidia decreased 68% and 83% for ΔBbMPD, and 16% and 38% for ΔBbMTD, accompanied by greatly enhanced trehalose accumulations due to 81−87% decrease in their neutral trehalase expression. Mannitol as mere carbon source in a nitrate‐based minimal medium suppressed the colony growth of ΔBbMTD instead of ΔBbMPD, and delayed more conidial germination of ΔBbMTD than ΔBbMPD. Based on median lethal responses, conidial tolerances to H2O2 oxidation, UV‐B irradiation and heat stress at 45°C decreased 38%, 39% and 22% in ΔBbMPD, and 18%, 16% and 11% in ΔBbMTD respectively. Moreover, ΔBbMPD and ΔBbMTD lost 14% and 7% of their virulence against Spodoptera litura larvae respectively. Our findings highlight the primary roles of MPD and MTD in mannitol metabolism and their significant contributions to multi‐stress tolerances and virulence influential on the biocontrol potential of B. bassiana.
Single port laparoscopic right colonic resection using a ‘vessel‐first’ approach
Authors: Lai C. W. , Edwards T. J. , Clements D. M. , Coleman M. G.
Published: November 2011

Aim  Single port laparoscopic colorectal surgery (SPLC), performed through a single incision of ≤ 3 cm, has been shown to be feasible. This study aimed to assess its safety and efficacy when used as the method of choice for right hemicolectomy.

Method  A prospective study was carried out of patients undergoing right hemicolectomy using a single port laparoscopic technique. They were compared with a historical series of patients undergoing right hemicolectomy using a multiport laparoscopic technique. Between December 2009 and September 2010, single port surgery replaced conventional laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCS) for radical medial to lateral right hemicolectomy performed by a single surgeon. Histology, length of hospital stay, complications, conversions and readmissions were recorded.

Results  Fourteen patients were treated using single port laparoscopic surgery (SPLC): 10 for carcinoma (Dukes A1, B6, C3) and four for Crohn’s disease. Twelve patients were treated using multiport laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCS): eight for carcinoma (Dukes B4, C3, Carcinoid 1), three for Crohn’s disease and one for adenoma. The median (interquartile range) operative time for the SPLC group was 120 (90–135) min and for the LCS group was 135 (116–150) min. The median (interquartile range) length of hospital stay was 3.5 (2.0–5.0) days for the SPLC group and for the LCS group was 4.0 (3.8–7.0) days. The median (interquartile range) number of lymph nodes removed for SPLC patients was 14.5 (9.8–19.5) and for the LCS patients was 14.5 (13.0–19.5). There were no conversions, no complications and no readmissions in either group.

Conclusion  These data confirm the feasibility of the technique. Furthermore they suggest that it is safe and efficacious.