bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ipsi- or Contralateral Patellar Tendon Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Surgery
Authors: Kartus Jüri , Stener Sven , Lindahl Sven , Eriksson Bengt I. , Karlsson Jon
Published: July 2017

Twenty-four patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery were studied postoperatively (12 with reharvested ipsilateral patellar tendon grafts and 12 with contralateral patellar tendon grafts). For comparison purposes, 12 matched patients with primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, who had been operated on using the same technique by the same surgeons, were chosen. The median time since the first reconstruction was 57 months (range, 15 to 132) in the ipsilateral tendon group and 54 months (range, 20 to 108) in the contralateral tendon group. Follow-up examination showed that there were no significant differences in total KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side measurements between the groups, but the Lysholm score was higher for patients with contralateral tendon grafts than for patients with ipsilateral grafts. Only two patients with ipsilateral grafts were classified as having excellent or good results. Functional testing outcomes were similar for all groups, and magnetic resonance imaging screening showed no differences between the reharvest and primary harvest groups in terms of length, width, thickness, or donor site gap of the patellar tendon. However, there were two major complications in the group with revision surgery with the ipsilateral reharvested patellar tendon. Reharvesting the ipsilateral patellar tendon resulted in lower functional scores and a higher rate of complications than revision with the contralateral patellar tendon or primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Participation in Sports After Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Bradbury Neil , Borton David , Spoo Geoff , Cross Mervyn J.
Published: July 2017

Return to regular sports activity was evaluated in a retrospective review of 160 patients who had undergone total knee replacement surgery by a single surgeon (208 knee replacements). Mean age of the patients was 68 years (range, 27 to 87) at surgery and 73 years (range, 33 to 91) at review at a mean follow-up of 5 years (range, 3 to 7). Seventy-nine patients regularly participated in sports, at least once per week, before surgery, and 51 patients regularly participated in sports after surgery. Only eight patients took up sports after surgery who were not regularly involved in sports in the year before surgery. Patients were more likely to return to low-impact activities such as bowls (29 of 32, or 91%) than to high-impact activities such as tennis (6 of 30, or 20% returned). Forty-three of 56 patients (77%) who had participated in regular exercise in the year before surgery returned to sports. Eighty patients did not participate in sports before surgery and 54 of these had coexisting disease that prevented sports. None of these patients returned to sports.
Little Leaguer's Shoulder
Authors: Carson William G. , Gasser Seth I.
Published: July 2017

Twenty-three cases of Little Leaguer's shoulder were reviewed including the history and physical examination findings, as well as bilateral internal and external rotation anteroposterior comparison radiographs of the proximal humerus. The average follow-up was 9.6 months (range, 1.5 to 54), and all patients were observed until they had either returned to baseball or their symptoms had resolved. The average age of the patients in this series was 14 years. The chief complaint in all patients was pain localizing to the proximal humerus during the act of throwing. The average duration of symptoms was 7.7 months. Nineteen patients (83%) were pitchers. Physical examination revealed tenderness to palpation over the proximal humerus in 20 patients (87%), with 16 (70%) demonstrating specific tenderness over the lateral aspect of the proximal humerus. Swelling, weakness, atrophy, and loss of motion were uncommon findings. All 23 patients demonstrated radiographic widening of the proximal humeral physis of the throwing arm on internal and external rotation comparison anteroposterior radiographs of the shoulder. All patients were treated with rest from baseball throwing for an average of 3 months. Twenty-one of the 23 patients (91%) returned to playing baseball and were asymptomatic. The classic radiographic finding of widening of the proximal humeral physis can easily be seen on bilateral anteroposterior internal and external rotation radiographs of the proximal humerus. Rest from throwing for at least 3 months is recommended, followed by a gradual return to throwing in an asymptomatic shoulder.
Capgras Syndrome: A Review of the Neurophysiological Correlates and Presenting Clinical Features in Cases Involving Physical Violence
Authors: Bourget Dominique , Whitehurst Laurie
Published: July 2017

Objective:

Acts of violence have been frequently reported in cases of Capgras syndrome (CS), a misidentification syndrome characterized by the delusional belief that imposters have replaced people familiar to the individual. CS has been observed in many neuropsychiatric and organic disorders, and neuroimaging studies indicate an association between CS and right hemisphere abnormalities. However, CS has received limited attention from a forensic psychiatric perspective. We propose that elucidating demographic and clinical features noted in cases of violence secondary to CS may highlight important factors in the progression of CS to violence.

Method:

We review the neurophysiological correlates and clinical factors observed in CS and present characteristics of a series of cases that demonstrate the potential of CS patients for severe physical violence toward the misidentified person.

Results:

For patients with CS involving assault, we present and discuss commonly reported demographic and clinical features that may contribute to an increased risk for violence.

Conclusions:

An understanding of the presenting clinical features of CS resulting in aggressive acts may assist clinicians to assess the potential for violence in these patients.
Characterizing Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Chronic Schizophrenia: High Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Cohn Tony , Prud'homme Denis , Streiner David , Kameh Homa , Remington Gary
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To determine the prevalence and characteristics of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Method:

We compared individual CHD risk factors and Framingham risk predictions in a group of 240 patients with a large national sample (Canadian Heart Health Survey) matched for age and sex. In addition, we compared rates of the metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) with recently published rates in the US adult population.

Results:

Compared with the reference population, Framingham 10-year risk of myocardial infarction was greater in the male patients ( t3091 = 4.35, P < 0.001) but not in the female patients. Prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome in the patients (42.6% of men and 48.5% of women) were approximately 2 times published rates in the US adult population. Further, the syndrome appears to occur at a younger age than in the general population.

Conclusions:

These long-term patients have increased CHD risks best captured by the metabolic syndrome conceptualization coupled with a high rate of cigarette smoking. This characterization is consistent with increased cardiovascular morbidity and decreased life expectancy in both men and women. We underscore the importance of both screening for and treating potentially reversible CHD risk factors in schizophrenia patients.
Frequency of Mental Health Disorders in a Sample of Elementary School Students Receiving Special Educational Services for Behavioural Difficulties
Authors: Déry Michèle , Toupin Jean , Pauzé Robert , Verlaan Pierrette
Published: July 2017

Objective:

Despite being essential for defining and planning special educational services, very few data are available in Quebec regarding the nature and extent of behavioural difficulties presented by children who receive special educational services at school. This study provides a picture of the frequency of disruptive behaviour disorders (that is, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], oppositional defiant disorder [ODD], and conduct disorder [CD]) and internalized disorders (including generalized anxiety disorder [GAD] and major depressive episode [MDE]) in a sample of elementary school students receiving special educational services for behavioural difficulties ( n = 324).

Method:

In this descriptive study, we established the presence of mental health disorders according to teacher-, parent-, and child-reported data that were obtained using structured diagnostic interviews based on DSM-IV criteria. We also examined prevalence rates by sex and age group.

Results:

Three-quarters of the students met the criteria for ADHD, one-half for ODD, and one-third for CD. About 14% of the students presented with a GAD or met the criteria for an MDE in the past year. Only 2% of the students presented with an internalized disorder without a comorbid disruptive behaviour disorder.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that among students receiving special educational services for behavioural difficulties, a large proportion may have difficulties severe enough to meet the criteria for at least one DSM-IV disruptive behaviour disorder. Such findings may underscore the need to develop more collaboration between the mental health and education sectors in rehabilitating these children.
Anxiety Comorbidity and Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder Patients
Authors: Kauer-Sant'Anna Márcia , Frey Benício N , Andreazza Ana C , Ceresér Keila M , Gazalle Fernando K , Tramontina Juliana , da Costa Sabrina Correa , Santin Aida , Kapczinski Flávio
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To assess the impact of anxiety comorbidity on the quality of life of patients with bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods:

We undertook a cross-Sectional survey of 162 BD outpatients interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The primary outcome measure was quality of life, assessed with the 26-item WHO Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF).

Results:

Anxiety comorbidity in BD patients was associated with lower scores in all domains of quality of life. The impact of anxiety comorbidity on the psychological domain of the WHOQOL-BREF was kept, even when the current level of depression was added to the model as a confounding factor. Current anxiety comorbidity was also associated with lifetime alcohol abuse and dependence, rapid cycling, lifetime psychosis, number of suicide attempts, and a lower score in the Global Assessment of Functioning measure.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that anxiety comorbidity in BD patients is related to lower quality of life, particularly on the psychological domain. BD–anxiety comorbidity may be associated with such markers of illness severity as number of suicide attempts, rapid cycling, lifetime alcohol abuse, and psychosis. The recognition and treatment of anxiety comorbidity may help patients with BD to relieve their psychological pain and improve their overall quality of life.
Sexual Abuse Myths Held by Student Teachers
Authors: Moskal Rosemary
Published: July 2017

In an effort to test the prevalence of sexual abuse myths among potential educators, a true/false sexual abuse questionnaire consisting of 60 myths was completed by 191 students in their first or second year of the Bachelor of Education program at the University of Alberta in Edmonton. Only five out of the 60 myths (8%) were consistently recognized as false statements by all the students. Furthermore, only 12 students (6%) recognized all the statements were gross overgeneralizations. Those items to which 10 or more per cent of the students responded as true are discussed and some possible reasons for the tenacity of these particular myths are explored. Moskal advocates that student and practicing teachers, administrators, and their school boards are in need of inservice training both on how to recognize the subtle signs of sexual abuse in children and adolescents and to receive the encouragement they need to report it to the proper authorities. Perhaps most importantly, educators cannot even begin to either recognize or report sexual abuse if their own stereotypical myths and biases shroud their perceptions of reality.
A Framework for Keeping Students in School
Authors: MacLean David A. , Janzen Henry L.
Published: July 2017

Keeping students in school is a major concern today for educators, parents, and politicians. It is not a new problem. Although much has been written about why students drop out, few preventive measures have been successful. A review of selected studies and our own study in Edmonton of early school leavers suggested that preventive measures that are most effective must consider four factors: (a) community-school relationships, (b) restructuring of the school program, (c) changing the school climate, and (d) changes in procedures for evaluating student performance. Specific interventions relevant to the four-factor model are presented and discussed.
The Importance of Ethnic Identity: Self-Esteem and Academic Achievement of Second-Generation Greeks in Secondary School
Authors: Stalikas Anastassios , Gavaki Efie
Published: July 2017

One of the variables that has recently attracted the attention of researchers is that of ethnicity. However, most studies have been conducted in an American social context and with populations prominent in the USA. Very few studies have been conducted to examine ethnicity in a Canadian context and with an ethnic group that is prominent in Canada. This study has been conducted to examine the relationship between ethnic identity, self-esteem, and academic achievement in second-generation Greek-Canadian secondary schoolchildren. The results indicated that a strong and positive relationship exists between the three variables and that a positive ethnic identity is related to better self-esteem and higher academic achievement. Implications for schools, education, and policy are discussed.
Automated Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Mass Newborn Screening for Disorders in Fatty Acid, Organic Acid, and Amino Acid Metabolism
Authors: Naylor Edwin W. , Chace Donald H.
Published: July 2017

Development of acylcarnitine and amino acid profiling using tandem mass spectrometry, and its application for use with dried blood specimens collected on filter-paper cards, has introduced an innovative new technology for detecting inborn errors of fatty acid, organic acid, and amino acid metabolism. From November 1, 1992 through June 30, 1999 we screened more than 700,000 newborns in Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, and Louisiana. We have prospectively detected 163 inborn errors of metabolism. Eighty-six patients have amino acid metabolism errors. Among them are phenylketonuria, hyperphenylalaninemia, maple syrup urine disease, and several urea cycle disorders. Thirty-two have organic acid metabolism errors, including glutaric aciduria type 1; 3-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase deficiency, propionic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency; and 45 have fatty acid oxidation errors, including 36 with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Details of the methodology are presented and the potential of this screening technology is discussed. (J Child Neurol 1999;14(Suppl 1):S4-S8).
Radioiodination of Alginate via Covalently-Bound Tyrosinamide Allows Monitoring of its Fate In Vivo
Authors: Al-Shamkhani Aymen , Duncan Ruth
Published: July 2017

Tb monitor the fate of alginate following systemic administration, a method was developed that allowed the covalent incorporation of approximately 1 mol% tyrosinamide. The product could be radioiodinated to a high specific activity, and was subsequently stable on storage at 4°C for 30 days, with very little (c 1%) free [125I] iodide released over that period. Twenty-four hours following intravenous administration, the low molecular weight fraction (<48,000) of the injected polymer was excreted in the urine while the larger polymer fraction remained in the circulation and did not readily accumulate in any of the tissues. Almost all of the dose administered by intraperitoneal injection was transferred from the peritoneal cavity to the blood compartment within 24 h, with the low molecular weight fraction of the polymer excreted in the urine. Following subcutaneous administration, the majority (-70%) of the injected dose was retained at the site of injection at 24 h.
Gender and Police Officers’ Perceptions of Their Job Performance: An Analysis of the Relationship between Gender and Perceptions of Job Performance
Authors: Kakar Suman
Published: July 2017

Using self-report survey methodology, this article examines the relationship between gender and police officers’perceptions of their job performance. Based on surveys of 217 male and female officers, results show that male and female officers perceive themselves equally qualified to carry out tasks required in law enforcement, including administration and supervision. This research suggests that male and female police officers work equally well on their jobs and there are no significant differences in their job performance, capabilities, and administration skills even when level of education and years of experience are controlled.
‘Detainees Are Always One’s Achilles Heel’: The Struggle over the Scrutiny of Detention and Interrogation in Aden, 1963–1967
Authors: Bennett Huw
Published: July 2017

Colonial officials often complained about outside meddling in their campaign to defeat the insurgency in the South Arabian Federation from 1963 to 1967. This article focuses on relations between the High Commission in Aden, Whitehall departments, Amnesty International, and the International Committee of the Red Cross, asking how far these two external organizations managed to uncover detention and interrogation practices, and how officials in Aden responded to the scrutiny. Four main arguments are proposed. Firstly, detention and interrogation in Aden are contextualized within British counter-insurgency as a whole. Secondly, the push for outside interference in detention and interrogation immediately generated animosity between Whitehall and the High Commission. Thirdly, once ICRC visits were forced on Aden, officials learned to live with them. Inspections consistently found abuse centred around the interrogation facility. Finally, external pressures imposed procedural reforms on the detention and interrogation regime, but failed to stop abuses.
Performance of Equity Mutual Fund and Educational Credentials of Fund Manager
Authors: Kaur Inderjit
Published: July 2017

The investors of mutual funds can reduce their selection risk by selecting the mutual funds based on certain criteria. One such criterion could be the educational credentials of fund managers. The present study has examined whether performance of mutual funds could be attributed to differentials in educational credentials of fund managers and thereby can provide necessary signals to investors. The study has compared performance and investment strategy of fund managers having management degree from premier management institutions with others having CA/CFA/ICMA qualification. The results show that the performance between these two groups of fund managers does not differ significantly. However, the difference in performance became significant after controlling for various fund characteristics, such as size, expense ratio, liquidity ratio and flow of funds. This suggests that the relation between fund performance and educational credentials may be moderated by control variables. The results showed that the fund managers with a premier management degree were performing better than the other group and that they also followed a more extreme investment strategy. Further, the study has examined whether the relation between educational credentials of fund managers and performance and investment strategy has been impacted by different time periods of economic cycle. The examination in different sub-periods of economic cycle provided better performance of fund managers with premier management education, particularly during crisis period of economy. This performance differential due to educational credentials during the crisis period have been independent of the investment strategy of fund managers.
Eastern Housing Limited—Marketing Strategies of Real Estate Company in Bangladesh
Authors: Gupta Parul
Published: July 2017

The article provides the case analysis of the case titled as ‘Eastern Housing Limited—Marketing Strategies of Real Estate Company in Bangladesh’. The article opens with the summary of the case study narrating the journey of the oldest and the largest player of real estate industry of Bangladesh, named as Eastern Housing Limited (EHL). The case reports key competitive advantages, business strategies, opportunities and challenges of Eastern Housing Limited (EHL) and also its current state where the company has lost its leadership position against fierce competition from other players in the market. Second section of the article provides key points of analysis followed by identification of problem in the third section. Before concluding the case, a refined marketing strategy is suggested to EHL to regain its leadership position and ensure future growth.
Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in South Asia : Challenges and Policy Options
Authors: Singh Satyavir
Published: July 2017

Threats from the cross-border terrorism and separatism nexus between narcotic mafias and terrorist and insurgent groups, religious and political extremism, and aggressive nationalism pose new challenges to the viability of large multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multicultural and multi-religious states of the South Asia Region (SAR) and there is an urgent need to combat these challenges through democracy, secularism, tolerance, regional co-operation and rule of law. The largest drug producing areas of the world Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle lie within the geographic proximity of the SAR. These geographical links are exacerbated by the connection between narcotics and arms, with the sea routes of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal providing ideal conduits for supply of both arms and narcotics. This resulted in the lethal cocktail of narco-terrorism and such a nexus can encourage ‘maritime terrorism’, in the coastal and island states of the SAR.
Religious Conflicts in Northern Nigeria: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Alabi David Toba
Published: July 2017

Within the framework of the theory of social conflict, this paper took a critical look at the causes, dimensions and effects of the perennial religious conflicts in northern Nigeria. It argues that colonialism, divergent perception of the Nigerian state intra-elite power struggle, the national economic crisis, politicisation of religion and educational backwardness are some of the causes of religious conflicts in the northern Nigeria. In particular, it observes that the increased tempo in religious conflicts in this zone since the commencement of the Fourth Republic in May 1999 could be attributed to the power tussle between the southern and the northern elite, the urge for “self-determination” among the northern minorities, the emergence of democracy and the-attendance openness, adverse national economic conditions and the reckless and inflammatory comments of some of the highly placed Nigerians. It, however, concludes that for religious peace to reign in the north, the issue of economic problems confronting the country has to be resolved, the kingpins of religious violence in the zone must be fished out and brought to justice, religious matters must be left with religious leaders and the educational gap between the north and the south be bridged. Above all, the issue of promoting religious harmony in this region is a collective one and every patriotic Nigerian must be committed to it.
Book Review
Authors: Gopal Krishan
Published: July 2017

Shri Prakash and Ghulam Mohammad Shah, (Ed.), Towards Understanding the Kashmir Crisis, New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House, 2002, 278, pp., Rs.690/-.
India–Russia Relations in a Changing Eurasian Perspective
Authors: Joshi Nirmala , Sharma Raj Kumar
Published: July 2017

This article examines India–Russia relations after the year 2010, as it was in this year that former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev described India–Russia relationship as ‘Privileged Strategic Partnership’ during his New Delhi visit. The article argues that India–Russia relations remain steady in multilateral and bilateral context but some strains have come up in regional context of their relationship, mainly pertaining to Pakistan and Afghanistan. However, since India and Russia are keen to preserve their time-honoured relationship, these issues can be overcome through enhanced interaction in forums such as Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS) and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
Book Review: Akihiro Iwashita, Japan’s Border Issues: Pitfalls and Prospects
Authors: Khan Shamshad Ahmad
Published: July 2017

Akihiro Iwashita, Japan’s Border Issues: Pitfalls and Prospects. New York and London: Routledge/Taylor Francis, 2016, pp. 143, $160. ISBN: 1138916773.
Social and Economic Development: General: Ben Whitaker, Ed: The Fourth World: Victims of Group Oppression. The Minority Rights Group, London, 1973, 342p
Authors: Dastur A.J.
Published: July 2017

Georgina Ashworth, Ed: World Minorities, Volume One, The Minority Rights Group, London, 1977, xxii, 167p.
Urban Planning: R.P. Misra and B.S. Bhooshan: Human Settlements in Asia: Public Policies and Programmes, Heritage Publishers, New Delhi, 1979, xvi, 280p., Rs.75
Authors: Dikshit Ramesh Dutta
Published: July 2017

Rameswari Varma and N.N. Sastry: Habitat Asia: Issues and Responses: Volume III: Japan and Singapore. Concept Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1979, 192p., Rs. 200/- (Per set).
Foreign Policy: Ved Pratap Vedik: Bharatiya Videsh Neeti, Naye Disha. National Publishing House, New Delhi 1980, 187p., Rs. 40
Authors: Varma S.P.
Published: July 2017

P.K. Mishra: India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh: India as a Factor in the Intra-Regional Interaction in South Asia. Sundeep Prakashan, 1979, viii, 286p., Rs. 70.
Military Intervention in Politics: Contrasting Cases of Pakistan and India
Authors: Kukereja Veena
Published: July 2017

It is interesting to note that, although the Pakistani and Indian political systems share many common features relating to history, military organization and an overall areal culture, the two systems have displayed contrasting patterns of civil-military relations. The armies of both the countries inherited the British Indian military traditions of non-involvement in politics, but in Pakistan the Army eroded this tradition by intervening decisively and frequently whereas in India, the principle of civilian supremacy remains intact. Their post-independence development, composition, and relationship with the civilian authority has been markedly different. This had a direct bearing upon the divergent roles of the armies of the two countries.

Given the variety of hypotheses that have been suggested as explanations for the contrasting behaviour of the two successor armies of British India, this article would examine several variables and relationships in comparative perspective under two sets of theoretical explanatory variables that are too often kept separate. These are: 1 the internal features of the military establishment1 and 2 the external or environmental variables.2
Nehru and the New Commonwealth
Authors: Prasad Bimal
Published: July 2017

Nehru's contribution to the emergence of the new, multiracial, multinational Commonwealth is now beyond dispute. But for India's decision to remain in the Commonwealth in 1949, for which he had been primarily responsible, the Commonwealth must of course have continued, but with a limited membership confined largely to the Anglo-Saxon group of nations. It was India's example which paved the way for all parts of the British Empire emerging into freedom automatically taking their place in the Commonwealth, thereby continuously enlarging its membership and adding to its significance. Professor Nicholas Mansergh, the leading authority on Commonwealth history, succinctly sums up Nehru's contribution on the emergence of the new Commonwealth.

But for him, India almost certainly would not have become the first republic member-state of the Commonwealth and, but for Indian membership almost certainly nationalists elsewhere in Asia and, still more in Africa, would not in their turn have opted also for membership. In the consequent addition of anti-imperialist Asian and African states to a Commonwealth which had grown out of an Empire, by procedures that became so conventional as to cease to cause remark, an idea achieved its most spectacular triumph. Not Smuts, not Mackenzie King, but Nehru was the architect of that achievement.1

The impact of Nehru's decision was not confined to merely augmenting the size and nature of the membership of the Commonwealth but, even more significantly, on its character and outlook. Though still recognising the British monarch as the symbol of its free association and as such its head, it was no longer bound together by common loyalty to the British Crown, but by that to certain common ideals. Thus from being, a club of white, Anglo-Saxon nations and a bulwark of British imperialism in various parts of the world the Commonwealth was transformed into a multiracial and multinational grouping of nations working for the promotion of peace freedom and racial equality in the world.2
NEO-Colonisation of Africa and the OAU
Authors: Johnson Segun
Published: July 2017

The early part of the sixties witnessed a rapid decolonization of several parts of Africa even though many have argued that these were mere placations otherwise referred to as flag independence. The seventies and thereafter have witnessed the re-colonisation of African States or in proper terms, the neo-colonisation of Africa by Western Powers. That African States since their qualified independence have been in bondage was never in doubt. Subtly but seriously, the Western Powers through its hydraheaded multinational corporations, in conjuction with international institutions and conventions, have taken over the affairs of African States ranging from politics through economics to culture. While these were going on, the Organization of African Unity stood aloof concerned with nothing in particular or perhaps helpless or on another note used as a tool by Western imperialism.

It is the contention of this paper that Africa was neo-colonized by Western Powers mainly because there was no collective resistance that should have been envisaged and given by the Organization for African Unity. The formation, structure, financing and the objectives of OAU at the outset were inadequate to foresee and attack Western surreptitious moves to further imperialism in the seventies and beyond. Consequently, the OAU not only folded its arms while Western perpetrators went away with their imperialistic loot but was also consciously or unconsciously, directly or indirecly, covertly or overtly used in the course of the neocolonisation of African States.
Natural Disasters in Developing Countries: An Environmental Health Perspective
Authors: Ferrier BA , Spickett JT
Published: July 2017

Inadequate water supply and sanitation services underscore the lives of billions of people in the developing world. This situation is compounded when natural disasters strike because the existing infrastructure is destroyed, and scarce resources are diverted to cope with the crisis and then the reconstruction. In comparison, many industrialised countries have prevention measures in place to reduce the risk of damage, and policies and actions in place to reduce the impact of the next disaster. Environmental health professionals from both government and non-government organisations can play an important role in disaster prevention, mitigation and response in these situations. However, the success of environmental health programmes does depend on the existing social inequities. This is because in many developing countries, the poorest and least powerful people already live in a situation with poor water supply and sanitation, which is compounded by natural disasters. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(Special Issue): 18–24.
Hands in Relief, Eyes on Development: Challenges and Community Responses in the Delivery of Humanitarian Aid in Conflict Affected and Tsunami Ravaged Districts in Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramage K
Published: July 2017

This paper attempts to provide both a visual and written commentary of the post-Tsunami health and community-driven recovery strategies within conflict affected zones in Northern Sri Lanka. It explores examples of the impact of unsolicited, culturally inappropriate and conflict insensitive interventions initiated by both local and international teams, and how displaced communities attempted to mitigate the effects of inequitable aid practices. Though challenging, engaging communities early in the recovery process becomes necessary in order to reduce vulnerability and prevent ‘aid-mediated’ communal tensions. Hence the dictum ‘hands in relief, eyes on ‘development” applies for post-disaster interventions. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(Special Issue): 25–34.
Martin Luther on the living word: Rethinking the principle of sola scriptura
Authors: Cox Jillian E.
Published: July 2017

In this article I offer a reading of Martin Luther's hermeneutic within the context of contemporary Lutheran attempts to revise a biblicist interpretation of the sola scriptura principle. My proposal is that Luther's interpretation of scripture and tradition is often more dynamic than it has been remembered, and has something to offer a critical theological hermeneutics. Luther might have spoken about sola scriptura, but he generally did not practise it. Rather, he drew upon the tradition, and he insisted on the need to relate an interpretation of scripture to the reality of the present hearer. He spoke of scripture alone when he was at his most defensive and polemical, and when addressing the doctrinal question about the limits of the church's teaching authority over scripture's authority. Certainly, Luther put scripture first and last, but what I suggest is the most telling characteristic of his hermeneutic is that he emphasized the nature of the gospel as a living word in distinction from the written text.
Constructing Futures: An International Policy Perspective
Authors: Watts A. G.
Published: July 2017

Based on a keynote address to the 2006 Annual Conference of the Australian Association of Career Counsellors, this article reviews a number of significant international developments in public policy for career development. It also comments on some recent developments in Australia. Finally, it discusses four strategic issues that are important to the future of policy development in this field, both in Australia and elsewhere: the need for stronger organisational structures for career guidance; the role of the market in delivering career development provision; the role of employer-based provision; and the need for closer links between theory, policy and practice.
Terror as an Obstacle to International Cooperation
Authors: Castleman Barry I.
Published: July 2017

Several scientists and activists submitted letters about Barry Commoner's work and the power and reach of his ideas following the Science and Social Action symposium.
Uaw Opposes ‘Fast-Track’ Trade-Negotiating Authority: it Would Expand Nafta
Authors: Beckman Steve
Published: July 2017

Statement before the Subcommittee on Trade, Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, on Comprehensive Review of the NAFTA, September 11, 1997.
Untapped Potential
Authors: Wright Brian L. , Ford Donna Y.
Published: July 2017

Early recognition and formal identification of gifted children are important in helping them learn during their primary years and preventing disengagement and negative attitudes toward school. This is especially the case for children from low-income, racially, linguistically, and culturally different backgrounds. In this article, we suggest some equity-based changes to ensure that all children have access to the rigorous academic environments they need and deserve.
Conflict-Cooperation Content of Five American Dailies
Authors: Cony Edward R.
Published: July 2017

The common charge that the press reports society as if it were a “lawless jungle” does not appear to be substantiated by this analysis of papers studied by the author for his M. A. thesis in journalism at Stanford University. Mr. Cony is now on the news staff of the Portland Oregonian.
The Transient Frontier Weekly as a Stimulant to Homesteading
Authors: Norris Wendell W.
Published: July 2017

Because statistics have included the deaths of papers founded only to promote frontier land booms, weekly press vitality has been overdiscounted. This article is based on a master's thesis written at the University of Wisconsin. The author teaches journalism at North Dakota Agricultural College.
News Notes
Authors: Duncan Charles T.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … should be sent to Professor Duncan, School of Journalism, University of Oregon, Eugene, Ore. Notes for the next issue should reach him by April 1.
What Daily News Executives Think of Public Opinion Polls
Authors: Price Warren C.
Published: July 2017

Managing editors and executive editors of American newspapers respond eagerly to questions about public opinion polling and comment sharply on many phases of the subject. The author is an associate professor of journalism at Oregon and was on sabbatical leave in 1952-53 for advanced study at Minnesota.
Methodological Improvements in Readership Data Gathering
Authors: Jones Robert L. , Beldo Leslie A.
Published: July 2017

Substantial savings in time and money are made possible through the use of more effective data gathering and recording systems developed over the last eight years in the Research Division of the University of Minnesota School of Journalism. Dr. Jones is director of the division and Dr. Beldo is assistant director.
The Kinsey Report: A Study of Press Responsibility
Authors: Hileman Donald G.
Published: July 2017

Fifteen national magazines featuring the report in editions published on “K-Day” or soon thereafter handled the story, for the most part, in an intelligent and educational manner, this analyst believes. Mr. Hileman is an assistant professor of advertising at the State College of Washington.
Wisconsin Dailies in the 1952 Campaign: Space vs. Display
Authors: Higbie Charles E.
Published: July 2017

Although presidential candidates of the two major parties received approximately equal news space on the front pages of 14 papers, the Eisenhower cause definitely had an advantage in the number of top headlines and large pictures used. Dr. Higbie is assistant professor of journalism at the University of Wisconsin.
A Selected Bibliography from European Journals
Authors:   Assisted, Haiderer F. , Fenkart E. , Alisky Marvin
Published: July 2017

During the last quarter of the year the new London daily, the Recorder, appeared in the streets. In content and form it does not differ much from other London newspapers. According to latest reports the Recorder is still losing money.

The British government issued a “White Paper” on commercial TV. It was favorably received by the House of Commons.

In Germany, government plans for a ministry of information caused great alarm in the press and among political parties. Memories of Nazi information ministries were still fresh. The plan was abandoned.
A Selected Bibliography from Foreign Journals
Authors:   Assisted, Fenkart E. , Haiderer F. , Alisky Marvin , Martin L. John
Published: July 2017

During this part of the year there have been no great events in the European newspaper world. The well-known German newspaper Hamburger Fremdenblatt has appeared again, and Zeitungs-Verlag has issued a special number on magazines. At the FIEJ Congress the Lopez report was under discussion.
Prenatal Detection of PIK3CA-related Overgrowth Spectrum in Cultured Amniocytes Using Long-range PCR and Next-generation Sequencing
Authors: Quinlan-Jones Elizabeth , Williams Denise , Bell Charlotte , Miller Claire , Gokhale Carolyn , Kilby Mark D
Published: July 2017

Mutations in PIK3CA are associated with overgrowth spectrum disorders including excessive growth in some areas of the body and the central nervous system. Alterations in PIK3CA occur as somatic, postzygotic events and confer a mosaic genotype with variability in phenotypic expression being commonly observed. We describe the second reported prenatal diagnosis of a PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum disorder. The prenatal ultrasound features in this case enabled the presumptive, prospective diagnosis to be made which was then confirmed by genetic testing. Subsequent parental testing for mutations in PIK3CA demonstrated normal genotypes. Identification of this mutation prenatally enabled prospective information to be provided to the family and facilitated multidisciplinary perinatal management.
Sudden Death Associated With Incarcerated Small Bowel Due to Mesodiverticular Band
Authors: Heller Debra S , Baisre Ada , Curcio Christian , Matti Nawar , Sinquee Dianne
Published: July 2017

Meckel’s diverticulum is a congenital anomaly present in about 3% of the population and usually asymptomatic. Rarely, a mesodiverticular band extends from the tip of a Meckel’s diverticulum to the mesentery, thought to be due to lack of involution of the left vitelline artery. The presence of this band creates a closed loop through which loops of bowel can become entrapped. Rare case reports have described incarceration of bowel and sudden death in children. We present such a case and discuss this entity.
Complete Bilateral Agenesis of the Diaphragm
Authors: Al-Adnani Mudher , Marnerides Andreas
Published: July 2017

Bilateral agenesis of the diaphragm is a very rare congenital diaphragmatic defect. Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is much more frequently associated with other anomalies compared with unilateral CDH (70% vs 30%–40%). These include cardiovascular, respiratory (other than lung hypoplasia), gastrointestinal, renal, and genital malformations. We report a case of complete bilateral agenesis of the diaphragm associated with a horseshoe kidney and an imperforate anus. These additional malformations have not previously been reported in association with complete bilateral agenesis of the diaphragm. We also present a review of previous cases of total diaphragm agenesis published in the English language and provide some insights about pathogenesis.
Value of Renal Biopsy in Diagnosing Infantile Nephropathic Cystinosis Associated With Secondary Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: Joyce Emily , Ho Jacqueline , El-Gharbawy Areeg , Salgado Cláudia M , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Reyes-Múgica Miguel
Published: July 2017

Cystinosis is the most common cause of inherited renal Fanconi syndrome in young children, and typically presents with laboratory findings of a proximal tubulopathy and corneal crystals by one year of age. We describe here renal biopsy findings in a 20-month-old patient with an atypical presentation of distal renal tubular acidosis, diabetes insipidus, and the absence of corneal crystals. Although renal biopsy is usually not necessary to establish the diagnosis of cystinosis, when the patient presents with atypical signs and symptoms, a renal biopsy may be extremely valuable. A 20-month-old boy presented with failure to thrive, polyuria, polydipsia, and rickets. He initially showed evidence of a renal tubular acidosis, mild renal insufficiency, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. His initial ophthalmologic examination did not demonstrate corneal crystals. His subsequent workup revealed phosphaturia, suggesting a partial proximal tubulopathy. Concomitantly, a renal biopsy revealed prominent podocytes with an immature glomerular appearance, and electron microscopy analysis showed numerous intracellular crystals within tubular epithelial cells. Subsequent laboratory and genetic testing confirmed a diagnosis of infantile nephropathic cystinosis. This case highlights the variability in the clinical presentation of cystinosis, resulting in an uncommon clinical picture of a rare disease. Given that treatment is available to prolong renal function and minimize the extra-renal manifestations of this disorder, early diagnosis is essential. It is important to raise the index of suspicion of cystinosis by recognizing its subtle morphological changes in young patients, and that nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be secondary to this disorder.
Placental Pathologic Features in Fetomaternal Hemorrhage Detected By Flow Cytometry
Authors: Lewis Natasha E , Marszalek Laura , Ernst Linda M
Published: July 2017

Background

Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a poorly understood entity that can have significant clinical effects. Flow cytometry is a reliable and relatively new method for FMH diagnosis. The objective of this study was to correlate placental pathology with FMH detected by flow cytometry.

Methods

All patients with available placentas and FMH flow cytometric testing performed from 2009 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were defined as ≥0.10% fetal red blood cells (RBCs) in the maternal circulation while controls contained <0.10%. Placental findings associated with FMH were determined.

Results

In this study, 35 cases and 79 controls were identified. Villous dysmaturity/immaturity was significantly more prevalent among the cases compared to the controls. Placentas with villous edema and nucleated RBCs (nRBCs) in fetal vessels were associated with greater mean volumes of fetal blood in the maternal circulation. Fetal and maternal vascular pathology was more frequent in the controls. When the cases were stratified into mild (<30 mL), moderate (30 mL–100 mL), and severe (>100 mL) FMH, nRBCs, villous dysmaturity/immaturity, and villous edema were all positively correlated with increasing FMH severity. The cases were more likely than the controls to display ≥2 of these 3 features. Fetal nRBCs within fetal vessels were semi-quantified and moderate to severe numbers of nRBCs were associated with higher mean volumes of fetal blood in maternal circulation.

Conclusions

Villous dysmaturity/immaturity, villous edema, and nRBCs in fetal vessels, findings compatible with fetal anemia, in addition to relatively few chronic placental changes, are the most significant placental findings in FMH detected by flow cytometry.
Framing risk in clinical practice
Authors: Ortendahl Monica
Published: July 2017

In everyday clinical work, judgements and decisions are made which entail assessment of risk. Decisions are embedded in a context of other factors in which the psychological perspective or frame could shift. A summary of valuation factors for clinical risk is presented: (a) personal risks are specific to the patient, whereas the doctor has a general perception of risks; (b) personal risks are underestimated, with risks from adverse health behaviours judged as smaller than the same risks for people in general; (c) with a smaller difference in perceived risk between doctors and patients, it is easier to reach an agreement on treatment options; (d) expressing risk explicitly increases consensus about treatment; and (e) framing risk information as a gain rather than a loss increases consensus.