bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Siswa pada Materi Aritmatika Sosial Ditinjau dari Aspek Kognitif dan Afektif
Authors: Danga Ance Yaku , Yazidah Nok Izatul , Rochsun Rochsun
Published: December 2023

Education is the most important thing for humans, in the development of science and technology which is proliferating. One of the sciences that has an important role in the world of education is mathematics. Mathematics is a science obtained by reasoning using a clear, precise, and accurate meaning. This study aimed to describe students' learning difficulties in social arithmetic in terms of cognitive and affective aspects. The method used in this research is qualitative. The researchers obtained many students who experienced incompleteness in answering the story questions given from the research results. The cause of student incompleteness is that students experience many mistakes or difficulties in answering social arithmetic questions. Students have difficulties in answering questions, namely the average student has difficulty in arithmetic operations, does not memorize formulas, and long story questions make them confused and have difficulty working on the test questions.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan 4C Siswa
Authors: Kurniawan Moch , Widyaningrum Diyah Ayu , Hindun Nurmala
Published: December 2023

This research is motivated by the teacher's lack of success in applying the learning model andthe low level of 4C skills in students. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of theThink Pair Share (TPS) learning model in improving students' 4C skills on the respiratorysystem. This research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted by teachers in theclassroom which aims to improve and improve the quality and quantity of the learning processin class. This research was conducted at MTS Miftahul Ulum Argotirto Sumbermanjingwetan.This research involved 1 science teacher and 17 class VIII students. The data collectiontechnique was in the form of an observation sheet of the student's 4C assessment rubric whichwas carried out in three stages, namely pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II. The data obtained werethen analyzed using qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. Theresults of this study are that the final score obtained at the pre-cycle stage is 180, in the firstcycle 280 and in the second cycle 410. Based on these results it can be concluded that theapplication of the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model to the material on the respiratorysystem can improve students' 4C skills .
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbasis Gallery Walk Terhadap Hasil Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran IPS
Authors: Ogi Robert , Pujiharti Yulita , Rakhmadian Miftah
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu; 1) Mengetahui hasil belajar siswa sebelum mengunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbasis gallery walk. 2) Mengetahui hasil belajar siswa sesudah mengunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbasis gallery walk. 3) Mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbasis gallery walk terhadap hasil belajar kelas IX di SMP Kristen 1 YPK Malang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Experiment Quasi Desain (Desain Eksperimen Semu). Untuk pengumpulan data mengunakan teknik tes, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data mengunakan teknik analisi yaitu paired sampels t-test berbantuan SPPS 29 for Windows. Hasil penelitian yaitu: 1) Sebelum mengunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbasis gallery walk rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 49,52. 2) Sesudah mengunkaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbasis gallery walk rata-rata hasil belajar sebesar 85,71. 3) Berdasarkan nilai signifikansi uji paired sampels t-test menunjukan nilai 0,001 < 0,05 (Kritreia Uji Hipotesis). Selain itu, selisih peningkatan hasil belajar antara kelas sebelum dan sesudah sebesar 36,91 atau mengalami kenaikan dengan persentase sebesar 74,53%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbasis gallery walk terhadap hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas IX di SMP Kristen 1 YPK Malang.
Eksistensi Tradisional Among (untuk Orang yang Sudah Meninggal) di Desa Capang Kecamatan Purwodadi Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Adiyati Liron , Saffanah Winin Maulidya
Published: December 2023

Among comes from the word “pamomong” which means to care for, protect, or nurture the mind and body. Among is carried out by almost all Javanese people in different ways in each region. This study aims to determine the traditional existence of among for people who have died in Capang Village. Researchers used a qualitative descriptive approach. Collecting data using interviews and observation. Based on the analysis of the data, it was found that the tradition among is an ancestral heritage that must be maintained and preserved. And in this study three different groups of people were found in addressing the among tradition, namely groups that always provide among at home, groups that do not provide among at home but bring among to the prayer room and finally groups that do not provide among.
Pengaruh Latihan Zig-Zag Run Dan Shuttle Run Terhadap Kemampuan Dribbling Bola Siswa Sekolah Sepak Bola (SSB) Mahayana Usia 10-11 Di Senggreng Kecamatan Sumberpucung Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Prasmala Erfitra Rezqi , Assyafiansyah Muchammad Chasan
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of Zig-zag run and shuttle run training on ball dribbling abilities in soccer games. The subjects used were SSB Mahayana Senggreng participants, Suberpucung District with a total of 18 participants. This study used an experimental method with the independent variable zig-zag run training, the free variable shuttle run training, and the dependent variable (Y) ball dribbling ability. This type of research is an experiment with a pre-test and post-test group research design. The instruments used are: Ball dribbling test, while for data analysis the t-test is used. Based on the results of testing the hypothesis of the zig-zag run exercise variable, the t-table value at a significance level of 5% and db = 8 is 1.86. Meanwhile, the t-count value is 3.2. And by testing the hypothesis of the shuttle run training variable, the t-table value at a significance level of 5% and db = 8 was 1.86. The t-count value is 1.023. Furthermore, the results of the mean difference test obtained the t-table value at the 5% significance level of 1.75 and the 1% significance level of 2.58 with db = 16. The t-count value was obtained at 0.748. So it can be concluded: (1) There is a significant effect of zig-zag run training on the ability to dribbling the ball in a soccer game (2) There is no significant effect of the shuttle run exercise on the ability to dribbling the ball in a soccer game (3) There is a significant difference in the effect There is a significant difference between zig-zag run and shuttle run training on ball dribbling ability in soccer games.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Siswa dalam Menulis Teks Recount melalui Mind Mapping
Authors: Dwi Anggraini Anita Larasati , Astuti Endang Setiyo , - Mukarom
Published: December 2023

Keterampilan menulis siswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui Mind Mapping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesulitan siswa SMP dalam menulis dan mengetahui bagaimana Mind Mapping dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa SMP. Peneliti menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research) dari Kurt Lewin, dengan langkah-langkah yang terdiri dari perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Data yang dikumpulkan dikelompokkan menjadi dua, yaitu data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan perhitungan rata-rata kemudian dideskripsikan sebagai data kualitatif dan dianalisis secara logika, Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa skor siswa meningkat setelah penerapan Mind Mapping dalam menulis teks recount. Sebelum penerapan Mind Mapping, nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 73,5 dengan persentase kelas 62,5%. Setelah dilakukan tindakan, nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 81,6 dengan persentase kelas 87,5%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Mind Mapping dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa SMP.
Some selected properties of composite material produced from plastic furniture waste and wood flour
Authors: BAL Bekir Cihad , ALTUNTAŞ Ertuğrul , NARLIOĞLU Nasır
Published: December 2023

In this study, composite boards were produced using waste plastic furniture parts and wood flour. Wood flour was used at rates of 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% in the preparation of composite boards. Thus, 1 control and 3 composite groups were created. The boards are produced in dimensions of 3.5x175x175 mm (thickness, width, length). Density, flexural strength, flexural modulus, deformation at break, tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, hardness tests and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis were performed on the produced composite boards. According to the obtained data, it was determined that as the percentage of wood flour in the composite groups increased compared to the control group, the values of flexural strength, deformation at break, tensile strength and elongation at break decreased whereas the values of density, hardness, flexural modulus and tensile modulus increased. According to the TGA and DSC analysis results, it was understood that the waste plastic furniture parts were composed of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP) polymer materials, also the decomposition temperature of the composite materials partially increased with the increase in the percentage of wood flour.
Pengaruh Job Insecurity Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan PT. Karya Mekar Dewatamali Jombang
Authors: Wahidah Vita Nur , Anah Lik
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Job insecurity dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Kayawan PT. Karya Mekar Dewatamali Jombang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik slovin dengan eror 5% dengan jumlah sampel 165 karyawan dari populasi sebanyak 278 karyawan PT. Karya Mekar Dewatamali Jombang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Dalam menganalisis data menggunakan metode statistik dengan menggunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis dengan rumus regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) job insecurity berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap turnover intention karyawan PT. Karya Mekar Dewatamali Jombang, (2) Kepuasan Kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap Turnover intention karyawan PT. Karya Mekar Dewatamali Jombang, (3) job insecurity dan kepuasan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap turnover intention karyawan PT. Karya Mekar Dewatamali Jombang
Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Auditor Switching dengan Pemoderasi Kualitas Audit
Authors: Muzakki Abdulloh , Pertiwi Dwi Ari
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap auditor switching dengan pemoderasi kualitas audit pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2019-2021 mengingat pada tahun 2020, Indonesia mengalami dampak pandemi corona. Faktor-faktor yang diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah financial distress, opini audit, dan audit delay sebagai variabel independen, lalu kualitas audit sebagai variabel moderasi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 84 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2019-2021. Analisis data menggunakan bantuan software SmartPLS 3.00 version. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa financial distress dan opini audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap auditor switching, audit delay berpengaruh positif terhadap auditor switching, dan hasil moderasi antara kualitas audit dengan variabel independen (financial distress, opini audit, dan audit delay) menyatakan tidak berpengaruh terhadap auditor switchingFinancial Distress
Analisis Target dan Realisasi Pajak Daerah Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi (Studi Kasus di Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Jombang)
Authors: Rochmawati Siti Ulfah , Ervina Deasy
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis target pajak dan realisasi pajak daerah sebelum dan selama pandemi di Badan Pendapatan Daerah (BAPENDA) Kab. Jombang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data primer berupa hasil wawancara dan dokumentasi dengan Kepala BAPENDA Kab. Jombang. Sumber data sekunder dalam penelitian ini berupa berbagai sumber baik dari jurnal, literatur atau bacaan yang relevan, serta dokumentasi berupa Laporan Keuangan dari Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: Target pajak daerah dan realisasi pajak menurun saat awal terjadinya pandemic dibandingkan sebelum terjadinya pandemi, namun di tahun berikutnya masih terjadi pandemi target pajak dan realisasi pajak sudah mengalami kenaikan dibandingkan awal terjadi pandemi. Ketercapaian dari realisasi pajak daerah terhadap target pajak daerah sebelum dan selama pandemi di BAPENDA Kab. Jombang sudah sesuai karena realisasi pajak sebelum dan selama pandemi melebihi target pajak daerah sehingga tujuan pemerintah daerah tercapai
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Subsektor Teknologi Yang Terdapat di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019–2021
Authors: Sahrena Sifa , Haryanti Sri
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kinerja keuangan perusahaan subsektor teknologi berdasarkan analisis rasio likuiditas menggunakan current ratio (CR) dan quick ratio (QR), rasio leverage dengan menggunakan debt to asset ratio (DAR) dan debt to equity ratio (DER), serta rasio profitabilitas return on asset (ROA) dan return on equity (ROE). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan subsektor teknologi sebanyak 32 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2019-2021. Untuk sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 15 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria tertentu dari penentuan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif dan data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan keuangan tahunan pada situs resmi BEI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis rasio keuangan, perusahaan yang memiliki kinerja keuangan tertinggi adalah perusahaan Hansel Davest Indonesia Tbk, sedangkan perusahaan yang memiliki kinerja keuangan terendah adalah perusahaan Anabatic Technologies Tbk
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia di Kabupaten Malinau
Authors: Irawati Irawati , Milwan Milwan , Riswanda Riswanda
Published: December 2023

This research seeks to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the government's internal control system and the factors that influence it. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis is based on Richard M. Steers' theory regarding adaptability, achievement and job satisfaction in the government's internal control system. The research results are: (1) the control environment runs well, leaders set an example, provide training and are disciplined; (2) Risk assessment, identifying and analyzing risks are still not optimal; (3) Control activities by reviewing agency performance, developing human resources, and managing information systems; (4) Information and communication are good using various forms of means; (5) Monitoring internal control by carrying out monitoring. The supporting factors: (1) Having regulations and implementation guidelines; (2) Clear description of duties and functions; (3) Supervision of periodic evaluations of regional apparatus organizations; (4) human resources, technology, facilities and infrastructure; and (5) Leaders guide, role model, and motivate employees. The inhibiting factors are: (1) Human resources that are not yet in line with needs; (2) Minimal evaluation and archival activities; (3) training in implementation is still limited.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis efektivitas pelaksanaan sistem pengendalian intern pemerintah dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data berdasarkan teori Richard M. Steers tentang kemampuan menyesuaikan diri, prestasi, dan kepuasan kerja dalam sistem pengendalian intern pemerintah. Hasil penelitian yaitu: (1) lingkungan pengendalian berjalan dengan baik, pemimpin memberikan keteladanan, menyelenggarakan pelatihan, dan disiplin; (2) Penilaian risiko, mengidentifikasi, dan menganalisis risikonya masih belum maksimal; (3) Kegiatan pengendalian dengan mereviu atas kinerja instansi, pembinaan sumber daya manusia, dan pengelolaan sistem informasi; (4) Informasi dan komunikasi sudah baik dengan menggunakan berbagai bentuk sarana; (5) Pemantauan pengendalian intern dengan melakukan monitoring. Adapun faktor pendukung: (1) Mempunyai peraturan dan panduan pelaksanaan; (2) Uraian tugas dan fungsi yang jelas; (3) Pengawasan evaluasi berkala kepada organisasi perangkat daerah; (4) sumber daya manusia, teknologi, sarana, dan prasarana; dan (5) Pemimpin membimbing, keteladanan, dan memotivasi kepegawai. Faktor penghambatnya yaitu: (1) Sumber daya manusia yang belum sesuai dengan kebutuhan; (2) Minim kegiatan evaluasi dan kearsipan; (3) pelatihan dalam penerapan masih terbatas.

Kata Kunci: Peningkatan Sumber Daya Manusia, Sistem Pengendalian Intern
Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan, Tata Kelola Perusahaan, dan Kualitas Audit terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto , Te Jennifer
Published: December 2023

This research was prepared with the aim of analyzing the influence of company characteristics, audit quality and even corporate governance on earnings management practices in manufacturing companies that are listed on the BEI (Indonesian Stock Exchange). The data taken is from 2018 to 2022 as an analysis sample. The method applied in processing this research data is applying panel regression through the SPSS and Eviews applications. The results of research from a sample of 151 companies show that return on assets, financial leverage, institutional ownership, and company size have a significant positive influence on earnings management, and sales growth has a significant negative influence on earnings management. Meanwhile, the variables free cash flow, managerial ownership, audit committee size, commissioner size and audit quality have no impact on earnings management.

Abstrak  

Penelitian ini disusunkan dengan bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruhnya akan karakteristik perusahaan, kualitas audit bahkan tata kelolaan entitas terhadap praktik manajemen laba pada perusahaan manufaktur yang telah terdaftar di BEI (Bursa Efek Indonesia). Data yang diambil merupakan dari data tahun 2018 hingga tahun 2022 sebagai sampel analisa. Metode yang diterapkan dalam pengolahan data penelitian ini merupakan menerapkan regresi panel melalui aplikasi SPSS dan Eviews. Hasil penelitian dari sample 151 perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa return on asset, financial leverage, kepemilikan institusional, serta ukuran perusahaan membawakan pengaruh secara positif yang signifikan terhadap manajemen laba, dan sales growth telah berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap manajemen laba. Sedangkan variabel arus kas bebas, kepemilikan manajerial, ukuran komite audit, ukuran komisaris, dan kualitas audit itu tidak berdampak kepada manajemen laba.  

Kata Kunci: Manajemen Laba, Tata Kelola Perusahaan, Karakteristik Perusahaan
PACT Tropical Moist Forest Accreditation Methodology v2.0
Authors: Balmford Andrew , Coomes David , Dales Michael , Ferris Patrick , Hartup James , Jaffer Sadiq , Keshav Srinivasan , Lam Miranda , Madhavapeddy Anil , Message Robin , Rau E-Ping , Swinfield Thomas , Wheeler Charlotte
Published: December 2023

This draft document describes the methodology developed by the Cambridge Center for Carbon Credits (4C) for estimating the number of credits to be issued to a project in the tropical moist forest (TMF) biome. It expands on the methodology outlined in (Swinfield and Balmford, 2023). We welcome comments and suggestions in the associated online document at https://tinyurl.com/cowgreport.
Some finite difference methods for solving linear fractional KdV equation
Authors: Appadu Appanah Rao , Kelil Abey Sherif
Published: December 2023

The time-fractional Korteweg de Vries equation can be viewed as a generalization of the classical KdV equation. The KdV equations can be applied in modeling tsunami propagation, coastal wave dynamics, and oceanic wave interactions. In this study, we construct two standard finite difference methods using finite difference methods with conformable and Caputo approximations to solve a time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. These two methods are named as FDMCA and FDMCO. FDMCA utilizes Caputo's derivative and a finite-forward difference approach for discretization, while FDMCO employs conformable discretization. To study the stability, we use the Von Neumann Stability Analysis for some fractional parameter values. We perform error analysis usingL1&L∞norms and relative errors, and we present results through graphical representations and tables. Our obtained results demonstrate strong agreement between numerical and exact solutions when the fractional operator is close to 1.0 for both methods. Generally, this study enhances our comprehension of the capabilities and constraints of FDMCO and FDMCA when used to solve such types of partial differential equations laying some ground for further research.
Biomechanical comparison of different internal fixation devices for transversely unstable Mason type II radial head fractures
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Gong Ling , Ma Hong , Liu Jinhui , Duan Xin
Published: December 2023

Background: The integrity of the radial head is critical to maintaining elbow joint stability. For radial head fractures requiring surgical treatment, headless compression cannulated screw fixation is a less invasive scheme that has fewer complications. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical stability of different fixation devices, including headless compression cannulated screws and mini-T-plates, for the fixation of transversely unstable radial head fractures.

Methods: Forty identical synthetic radius bones were used to construct transverse unstable radial head fracture models. Parallel, cross, and tripod headless compression cannulated screw fixation and mini-T plate fixation were applied. The structural stiffness of each group was compared by static shear loading. Afterward, cyclic loading was performed in each of the three directions of the radial head, and the shear stability of each group was compared by calculating the maximum radial head displacement at the end of the cycle.

Findings: The mini-T plate group had the lowest structural stiffness (51.8 ± 7.7 N/mm) and the highest relative displacement of the radial head after cyclic loading (p < 0.05). The tripod headless compression cannulated screw group had the highest structural stiffness among all screw groups (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the relative displacement of the radial head between the screw groups after cyclic loading in different directions (p > 0.05).

Interpretation: In conclusion, the biomechanical stability of the mini-T plate for fixation of transverse unstable radial head fractures is lower than that of headless compression cannulated screws. Tripod fixation provides more stable fixation than parallel and cross fixation with headless compression cannulated screws for the treatment of transversely unstable radial head fractures.
Mesenchymal stromal cells, metabolism, and mitochondrial transfer in bone marrow normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Authors: Singh Abhishek K. , Prasad Parash , Cancelas Jose A.
Published: December 2023

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation-based treatments are in different phases of clinical development, ranging from current therapies to a promise in the repair and regeneration of diseased tissues and organs. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), which are fibroblast-like heterogeneous progenitors with multilineage differentiation (osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic) and self-renewal potential, and exist in the bone marrow (BM), adipose, and synovium, among other tissues, represent one of the most widely used sources of stem cells in regenerative medicine. MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) exhibit a variety of traits, including the potential to drive HSC fate and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive capabilities via paracrine activities and interactions with the innate and adaptive immune systems. The role of BM-MSC-derived adipocytes is more controversial and may act as positive or negative regulators of benign or malignant hematopoiesis based on their anatomical location and functional crosstalk with surrounding cells in the BM microenvironment. This review highlights the most recent clinical and pre-clinical findings on how BM-MSCs interact with the surrounding HSCs, progenitors, and immune cells, and address some recent insights on the mechanisms that mediate MSCs and adipocyte metabolic control through a metabolic crosstalk between BM microenvironment cells and intercellular mitochondrial transfer in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
Genetic structure and diversity of the seagrass Zostera marina along a steep environmental gradient, with implications for genetic monitoring
Authors: Ries Stefanie R. , Faust Ellika , Johannesson Kerstin , Jonsson Per R. , Moksnes Per-Olav , Pereyra Ricardo T. , Jahnke Marlene
Published: December 2023

Zostera marina (eelgrass) is a foundation species in coastal zones in the northern hemisphere. Eelgrass is declining across its distribution, a trend likely to accelerate under climate change. In Sweden, eelgrass is a species of particular concern in management and conservation. Here, we provide information on genetic variation, an important component for the potential persistence and adaptation of any species in a changing environment. In particular, the steep salinity gradient over which eelgrass is distributed along the Swedish coast (26 psu on the west coast to 5 psu on the east coast) calls for a better understanding of genetic diversity, connectivity, and potential for local adaptation. To assess genetic variation and population genetic structure, we genotyped individuals with 2,138 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 15 eelgrass meadows spanning the whole Swedish distribution. We found a geographic population genetic structure from west to east parallel to the salinity gradient and with a clear genetic break at the entrance to the Baltic Sea. Meadows along the low salinity east coast consisted of a few or only one clone. Eelgrass on the west coast had higher genotypic richness, higher genetic variation, and showed population differentiation on smaller geographic scales. With their low genetic variation, the east coast meadows are especially threatened amidst global changes. Lack of sexual reproduction and the capacity to generate new genotypes is an issue that needs to be seriously considered in management and conservation. In addition, the lack of sexual reproduction renders clonal eelgrass less likely to recover and recolonize after disturbance, and more challenging to restore. The here provided information on genetic clusters, clonality, and genetic variation can be included for prioritizing meadows for conservation and for identifying meadows for restoration purposes. Most importantly, genetic monitoring is urgently needed to assess temporal genetic changes of eelgrass along the Swedish coast and elsewhere facing climate change.
How language shapes anti-fat bias: comparing the effects of disease and fat-rights framing
Authors: Rook Ella D. , Holmes Kevin J.
Published: December 2023

Being fat is often described as a “disease”—a form of linguistic framing that may exacerbate bias against fat people rather than reduce it as intended. Framing fatness as a matter of equal treatment and respect (“fat rights”) may be more effective for bias reduction. In a preregistered experiment (N = 401), we directly compared the effects of disease and fat-rights framing on attitudes toward fat people. Participants read a news article that affirmed or negated (a) the claim that fatness is a disease and (b) the unacceptability of weight discrimination, and then expressed their attitudes toward fat people. Disease-affirming articles yielded more negative attitudes than disease-negating articles, but only for participants who explicitly recognized that the article influenced their attitudes. For these participants, fat-rights framing also had a significant impact: those who read a disease-affirming article expressed less negative attitudes toward fat people when the article also affirmed rather than negated fat rights. These results show that language can shift public opinion about fatness when people are aware of its persuasive power. Our findings support a social-pragmatic account of linguistic framing and have implications for real-world anti-bias efforts.
Green entrepreneurship intention among high school students: a teachers’ view
Authors: Perez-Luyo Ricardo , Quiñones Urquijo Abel , Del-Aguila-Arcentales Shyla , Alvarez-Risco Aldo
Published: December 2023

There is a gap in the view of teachers about green entrepreneurship intention in high school students. The objective of the current article is to evaluate the factors that explain from private high schools in Peru the intention of green entrepreneurship from the view of teachers. It was carried out with a sample size of 163 teachers from fifth high schools. The research model was evaluated by partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) which is a technique for multivariate analysis. Extracurricular support and country support showed an effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Also, entrepreneurial self-efficacy had an effect on green entrepreneurship intention. Finally, self-efficacy was a mediator between extracurricular support, country support, and green entrepreneurial intention. These outcomes can be used by the Ministry of Education and high school planners to use the variables that show more effect and include strategies to increase the green entrepreneurial intention among school students as the creation of annual programs of practical training and entrepreneurship accelerators to develop skills among the students. Also, it can be relevant that the professors can receive specific training in green entrepreneurship because they can guide their students during the daily classes and extracurricular activities as well.
Recognizing and addressing environmental microaggressions, know-your-place aggression, peer mediocrity, and code-switching in STEMM
Authors: Neikirk Kit , Silvers Sophielle , Kamalumpundi Vijayvardhan , Marshall Andrea G. , Scudese Estevão , McReynolds Melanie , Hinton Antentor O.
Published: December 2023

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives are critical for fostering growth, innovation, and collaboration in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM). This article focuses on four key topics that have impacted many Black individuals in STEMM: know-your-place aggression, environmental microaggressions, peer mediocrity, and code-switching. We provide a comprehensive background on these issues, discuss current statistics, and provide references that support their existence, as well as offer solutions to recognize and address these problems in the STEMM which can be expanded to all historically underrepresented individuals.
A collaborative, school-based wraparound support intervention for fostering children and youth's mental health
Authors: Haight Jessica , Gokiert Rebecca , Daniels Jason
Published: December 2023

Early mental health interventions are needed in response to a growing mental health crisis among children and youth. Schools are promising sites for early intervention because they have existing infrastructure for engaging with students. Specifically, collaborative initiatives involving community partnerships allow schools to leverage shared resources to deliver mental health support. However, more research is needed to guide the development of early interventions so that they effectively address students' mental health needs. The present study explored the role of collaborative, school mental health services in fostering children and youth's mental health, through All in for Youth, a wraparound model of support in Edmonton, Canada. Three research questions were addressed: What mental health concerns do children and youth experience? What are the factors that impact the use of collaborative school mental health services? Do collaborative school mental health services lead to perceived mental health impacts among children and youth? A multiple methods secondary analysis was conducted on school cohort data across seven elementary and junior high schools (n= 2,073 students), and interview and focus group data (n= 51 students, grades 2–9;n= 18 parents/caregivers). The quantitative findings indicated that 42.7% of students accessed any type of mental health service across the schools, with close to equivalent service use by gender (50.2% male, 49.5% female, 0.3% genderqueer) and grade (kindergarten-grade 9;M= 10%, SD = 1.9%, range = 6.3%−13%). Participants accessed mental health services in primarily individual or combined individual and group settings (72.9%) and as an informal client (75.1%). The interview and focus group findings revealed high mental health needs among students, which were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to these needs, a supportive school culture, adequate school communication, and a stable and well-resourced mental health workforce promoted access to collaborative school mental health services. Finally, mental health services supported children and youth through the experience of having a supportive relationship with a safe and caring adult, an improved capacity to cope with school and life, and improved family functioning. The findings underscore the importance of developing school mental health services that take an ecological, wraparound approach to addressing students' multi-faceted mental health needs.
Specific gut microbiota may increase the risk of erectile dysfunction: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Su Quanxin , Long Yanxi , Luo Yayin , Jiang Tao , Zheng Lei , Wang Kenan , Tang Qizhen
Published: December 2023

Objective

Studies have found that gut microbiota may be associated with the development of erectile dysfunction (ED); however, the exact link between the two remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the gut microbiota and the risk of ED from a genetic perspective.

Methods

We investigated the relationship between the gut microflora and ED using two-sample Mendelian randomization. GWAS-pooled data for ED were obtained from 223805 participants in Europe. GWAS summary data for ED were obtained from 223805 subjects in Europe and that for the gut microbiota were obtained from 18340 participants in 24 cohorts. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) estimator as the primary method for the preliminary analysis, and the MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), simple model, and weighted model as secondary methods. We used Cochrane’s Q-test, to detect heterogeneity, MREgger to detect pleiotropy, and the leave-one-out method to test the stability of the MR results. Ultimately, we genetically predicted a causal relationship between 211 gut microbiota and ED.

Results

A total of 2818 SNPs associated with gut microflora were screened in the ED correlation analysis based on the assumption of instrumental variables. The results of MR analysis showed a causal relationship between the six gut microbes and ED occurrence. The results of the fixed effects IVW method revealed five gut microflora, including Lachnospiraceae (OR, 1.265; P = 0.008), Lachnospiraceae NC2004 group (OR, 1.188; P = 0.019), Oscillibacter (OR, 1.200; P = 0.015), Senegalimassilia (OR, 1.355; P = 0.002), Tyzzerella3 (OR, 1.133; P = 0.022), to be negatively associated with ED. In addition, the IVW method revealed Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 (OR, 0.827; P = 0.049) to be positively associated with ED. Quality control results showed no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy in the MR analysis (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Six gut microbes were genetically associated with ED; of which, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 was causally associated with a reduced risk of ED development. Our findings provide a new direction for research on the prevention and treatment of ED; however, the mechanisms and details require further investigation.
Device-measured physical activity and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk
Authors: Li Wenzhao , Zhang Weizhi , Xing Zhenhua
Published: December 2023

Objectives

We investigated how device-measured physical activity (PA) volume (PA energy expenditure [PAEE]) and intensity (fraction of PAEE from moderate-to-vigorous PA [FMVPAEE]) were associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellites (T2DM).

Methods

This population-based prospective cohort study included 90,044 participants. The primary exposures were PAEE and FMVPAEE. The secondary exposures were energy expenditure exerted during light, moderate, and vigorous PA and their fraction of PAEE.

Results

Each 1-SD increase in PAEE was associated with a 17% lower risk of T2DM (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–0.98). Each 1-SD increase in FMVPAEE was associated with a 21% lower incidence of T2DM (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.74–0.83). Achieving the same PA volume (KJ/kg/day) through vigorous PA (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85–0.91) was more effective in preventing T2DM than moderate PA (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96–0.98) and light PA (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00).

Conclusion

A higher PA volume is associated with a lower incidence of T2DM. Achieving the same PA volumes through higher-intensity PA is more effective than low-intensity PA in reducing T2DM incidence.
Case report: The use of PRP in the treatment of diabetic foot: case series and a review of the literature
Authors: Izzo Paolo , De Intinis Claudia , Molle Marcello , Polistena Andrea , Sibio Simone , Codacci-Pisanelli Massimo , Biacchi Daniele , Di Cello Pierfrancesco , Santini Daniele , Izzo Luciano , Izzo Sara
Published: December 2023

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic condition that significantly impacts global health. Diabetic foot complications, such as foot ulcers, pose a substantial burden on individuals with diabetes and can lead to serious consequences, including amputation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for enhancing the healing of diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods

In our study, we treated 12 patients with chronic diabetic ulcers using PRP injections administered at three-week intervals. Our objective was to assess the reduction in wound size and the rate of complete healing at 6 months after the start of the treatment. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to contextualize our findings.

Results

Out of the 12 patients, 8 achieved complete healing of their diabetic foot ulcers, while the remaining four showed significant improvement with more than 50% reduction in the initial lesion size. 3 patients developed mild irritation at the inoculation site. These outcomes, combined with the evidence from published studies, highlight the effectiveness of PRP in promoting the healing of diabetic foot ulcers.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a successful therapeutic option for enhancing the healing process of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. The favorable outcomes observed, including a high rate of complete healing and significant wound size reduction, underscore the value of PRP treatment in managing this challenging complication. Further research and larger studies may provide additional insights into the mechanisms and long-term benefits of PRP in diabetic wound healing.
Neutrophil extracellular traps regulating tumorimmunity in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Weixiong , Fan Chuanlei , Dong Shi , Li Xin , Chen Haofei , Zhou Wence
Published: December 2023

As a component of the innate immune system, there is emerging evidence to suggest that neutrophils may play a critical role in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like chromatin structures that protrude from the membranes during neutrophil activation. Recent research has shown that NETs, which are at the forefront of the renewed interest in neutrophil studies, are increasingly intertwined with HCC. By exploring the mechanisms of NETs in HCC, we aim to improve our understanding of the role of NETs and gain deeper insights into neutrophil biology. Therefore, this article provides a summary of key findings and discusses the emerging field of NETs in HCC.
Recent trends in insect gut immunity
Authors: Khan Shahidul Ahmed , Kojour Maryam Ali Mohmmadie , Han Yeon Soo
Published: December 2023

The gut is a crucial organ in insect defense against various pathogens and harmful substances in their environment and diet. Distinct insect gut compartments possess unique functionalities contributing to their physiological processes, including immunity. The insect gut’s cellular composition is vital for cellular and humoral immunity. The peritrophic membrane, mucus layer, lumen, microvilli, and various gut cells provide essential support for activating and regulating immune defense mechanisms. These components also secrete molecules and enzymes that are imperative in physiological activities. Additionally, the gut microbiota initiates various signaling pathways and produces vitamins and minerals that help maintain gut homeostasis. Distinct immune signaling pathways are activated within the gut when insects ingest pathogens or hazardous materials. The pathway induced depends on the infection or pathogen type; include immune deficiency (imd), Toll, JAK/STAT, Duox-ROS, and JNK/FOXO regulatory pathways. These pathways produce different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and maintain gut homeostasis. Furthermore, various signaling mechanisms within gut cells regulate insect gut recovery following infection. Although some questions regarding insect gut immunity in different species require additional study, this review provides insights into the insect gut’s structure and composition, commensal microorganism roles in Drosophila melanogaster and Tenebrio molitor life cycles, different signaling pathways involved in gut immune systems, and the insect gut post-infection recovery through various signaling mechanisms.
Integrated control strategies for dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya virus infections
Authors: Côrtes Nelson , Lira Aline , Prates-Syed Wasim , Dinis Silva Jaqueline , Vuitika Larissa , Cabral-Miranda William , Durães-Carvalho Ricardo , Balan Andrea , Cabral-Marques Otavio , Cabral-Miranda Gustavo
Published: December 2023

Arboviruses are a major threat to public health in tropical regions, encompassing over 534 distinct species, with 134 capable of causing diseases in humans. These viruses are transmitted through arthropod vectors that cause symptoms such as fever, headache, joint pains, and rash, in addition to more serious cases that can lead to death. Among the arboviruses, dengue virus stands out as the most prevalent, annually affecting approximately 16.2 million individuals solely in the Americas. Furthermore, the re-emergence of the Zika virus and the recurrent outbreaks of chikungunya in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, with one million cases reported annually, underscore the urgency of addressing this public health challenge. In this manuscript we discuss the epidemiology, viral structure, pathogenicity and integrated control strategies to combat arboviruses, and the most used tools, such as vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, treatment, etc., in addition to presenting future perspectives for the control of arboviruses. Currently, specific medications for treating arbovirus infections are lacking, and symptom management remains the primary approach. However, promising advancements have been made in certain treatments, such as Chloroquine, Niclosamide, and Isatin derivatives, which have demonstrated notable antiviral properties against these arboviruses in vitro and in vivo experiments. Additionally, various strategies within vector control approaches have shown significant promise in reducing arbovirus transmission rates. These encompass public education initiatives, targeted insecticide applications, and innovative approaches like manipulating mosquito bacterial symbionts, such as Wolbachia. In conclusion, combatting the global threat of arbovirus diseases needs a comprehensive approach integrating antiviral research, vaccination, and vector control. The continued efforts of research communities, alongside collaborative partnerships with public health authorities, are imperative to effectively address and mitigate the impact of these arboviral infections on public health worldwide.
Biology of Pellino1: a potential therapeutic target for inflammation in diseases and cancers
Authors: Yan Lili , Cui Yueran , Feng Juan
Published: December 2023

Pellino1 (Peli1) is a highly conserved E3 Ub ligase that exerts its biological functions by mediating target protein ubiquitination. Extensive evidence has demonstrated the crucial role of Peli1 in regulating inflammation by modulating various receptor signaling pathways, including interleukin-1 receptors, Toll-like receptors, nuclear factor−κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathways. Peli1 has been implicated in the development of several diseases by influencing inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, DNA damage repair, and glycolysis. Peli1 is a risk factor for most cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and lymphoma. Conversely, Peli1 protects against herpes simplex virus infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, esophageal cancer, and toxic epidermolysis bullosa. Therefore, Peli1 is a potential therapeutic target that warrants further investigation. This comprehensive review summarizes the target proteins of Peli1, delineates their involvement in major signaling pathways and biological processes, explores their role in diseases, and discusses the potential clinical applications of Peli1-targeted therapy, highlighting the therapeutic prospects of Peli1 in various diseases.