bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REABILITAÇÃO CARDIOVASCULAR E EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Rodrigues Carneiro Tatiana , Bennaton Cardoso Vieira Rehfeld Manuella
Published: August 2022

Diante do cenário atual de alta morbidade e mortalidade das doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), assim como da necessidade urgente de medidas de prevenção e tratamento destas patologias, associada à escassez de serviços e equipes capacitados em Reabilitação Cardiovascular (RCV), o presente estudo justifica-se ao propor uma revisão sistemática da literatura em busca de trabalhos que tratem da difusão do conhecimento em RCV, proporcionando a interação multidisciplinar na prevenção e tratamento das DCV. Trata-se de um estudo explicativo no qual foi realizada uma ampla revisão bibliográfica sobre RCV, em que foram verificadas várias lacunas nos PRCV, dentre as quais a qualificação ideal dos profissionais da área de saúde em RCV. A partir dessa revisão verificou-se uma lacuna na produção científica que relacione a educação em saúde e a RCV.
Hubungan Overweight Dengan Kejadian Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bulango Utara
Authors: Amalia Lia , Mokodompis Yasir , Ismail Gladis A
Published: August 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting in impaired insulin secretion and resistance. This study aims to determine the relationship between overweight and the incidence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the working area of North Bulango Public Health Center in 2020. This study used an analytical observational research design with a Cross Sectional Study design. The population in this study were all patients with degenerative diseases at the North Bulango Health Center in 2020, namely 1,219 people and the number of samples was 144 people using purposive sampling. Data analysis using Chi-Square. Respondents who experienced the incidence of type 2 DM were 66.7% and the least that did not experience or were not type 2 DM was 33.3%. Most of the respondents who are overweight are 61.1% and not overweight are 38.9%. The results of bivariate analysis showed p value = 0.000 which indicates that excess body weight is associated with the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Determinant Factors of Neonatal Mortality in Preeclampsia Mother
Authors: Turrahmi Hirfa , Sukandar Hadyana , Susiarno Hadi , Supriyadi Rudi , Fatimah Fatimah
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a specific multisystemic disorder in pregnancy and a significant cause of maternal and fetal death. The percentage of infant mortality due to preeclampsia is greater than maternal mortality. Infant mortality occurs due to several risk factors in mothers with preeclampsia.

AIM: This study aims to analyze the determinants of infant mortality in mothers with preeclampsia.

METHODS: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was undertaken at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Koja Hospital, North Jakarta, from June to September 2021. Three hundred and twenty-eight research subjects met the research criteria. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression test. All data analyzed with SPPS version 22.0

RESULTS: In this study, there was no relationship between maternal age (p = 0.842), body mass index (p = 0.768), education (p = 0.345), occupation (p = 1,000), mode of delivery (p = 0.753), anemia (p = 0.707), leukocytosis (p = 0.772), hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.688), and bacteriuria (p = 0.245) with neonatal mortality in mothers with preeclampsia. In addition, the results showed that the factors that contributed to neonatal mortality in mothers with preeclampsia were parity (PR (CI 95%) =15.279 (2.304–101.301); p = 0.005) and proteinuria (PR (CI 95%) =9.649 (1.123–82.875); p = 0.039).

CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that parity and proteinuria are determinants of neonatal mortality in mothers with preeclampsia.
Clinical Behavior of General Practitioners for Patients who Underwent an Operative or Conservative Treatment for a Craniocervical Fracture
Authors: Kalnev Mihail , Uchikov Petar , Kehayov Ivo
Published: August 2022

Craniocervical fractures are socially important pathology. They represent one-third of the fractures in the cervical region. It is typical that elderly patients suffer from low-energy traumas such as falls, while younger patients suffer from high-energy traumas such as motor vehicle accidents, sport falls and etc. Craniocervical fractures are associated with an increased risk of craniocervical instability or neurological deficit. Primary therapeutic options depend on the type of fracture. Predictors of nonunions are the displacement of fractures, patients’ age, and comorbidities. The observership of the general practitioner in the postoperative period or the period of cervical immobilization could recognize possible malpositioning of the instrumentation, nonunion of the fracture, malsanation of the wound, and possible complications in case of the external immobilization. There is a lack of information on that topic. The goal of the paper is to summarise the most common fractures of the craniocervical region, their etiology, and treatment options and to present the results of our study of patients who underwent operative treatment for craniocervical fracture(s). Mastering the details, the treatment options, and the possible complication of the fractures in the craniocervical region, general practitioners could play an important role in the treatment of patients.
Diversity and distribution of fish in the Qilian Mountain Basin
Authors: Chen Zhaosong , Luo Lijing , Wang Ziwang , He Dekui , Zhang Lixun
Published: August 2022

The Qilian Mountain Basin, on the north-eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), supports a high diversity of native and endemic fish. However, the detailed species inventory and distribution patterns concerning fish in the whole Basin remain unknown, which hinders the conservation of biodiversity and assessment of ecological health. We compiled a comprehensive species richness and distribution database of freshwater fish in the Qilian Mountain Basin, based on field investigations and exhaustive data collection from 50 rivers or lakes. Then, we elucidated a distribution pattern using clustering and ordination analyses based on a βdissimmatrix with species presence/absence data. A total of 79 freshwater fish species within eight orders, 17 families and 42 genera were recorded. The Qilian Mountain Basin could be grouped into six systems, which match the six Basins (i.e. Heihe River Basin, HHR; Qaidam Basin, QDM; Qinghai Lake Basin, QHL; Shule River Basin, SLR; Shiyang River Basin, SYR; Yellow River Basin, YR), based on the fish distribution pattern. Additionally, the spatial pattern of species distribution showed the distance decay of taxonomic similarity. Our results demonstrate that riverine connectivity resulting from historical processes plays a vital role in shaping the freshwater ichthyofauna of High Central Asia. These findings will be valuable for future systematic conservation of fish in the Qilian Mountain Basin.
A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Guangxi, China
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Shuo , Yu Guohua , Sun Tao
Published: August 2022

Based on morphological and molecular evidence of five male adult specimens collected from Napo County, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, we describe a new species of Rhacophorus, Rhacophorus napoensissp. nov. This new species is similar to Rhacophorus rhodopus Liu & Hu, 1959 and Rhacophorus bipunctatus Ahl, 1927 in morphology, but it can be distinguished from the latter two by the following morphological characteristics: head width is greater than head length, snout pointed, loreal region oblique, tympanum distinct, maxillary teeth distinct, tongue cordiform, external single subgular vocal sac, tibiotarsal articulation reaches the snout, tibia length is greater than foot length and slightly greater than half of snout-vent length, and single outer metatarsal tubercle is flat. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on 16S rRNA sequence shows that all individuals of this species clustered into the same clade, and genetically this new species differs from R. rhodopus and R. bipunctatus by 7.71% and 7.98% in 16S rRNA sequences, respectively.
Consumer reasons for eating chapulines (Sphenarium purpurascens) in the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca
Authors: Ramírez J.C. Hernández
Published: August 2022

This study seeks to examine the use value conferred on the edible insectSphenarium purpurascens by consumer segment in the travelling open-air market in the main city of the southern highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico. Consumers were surveyed and classified by monetary income, then segmented into two-stage clusters. Of the 363 individuals surveyed, 79.9% routinely consumeS. purpurascens. The top three income quintiles spend 50% more money onS. purpurascens on a weekly basis than the bottom three. In consumer sub-segments of all quintiles, the predominant utility conferred onS. purpurascens is the combination of a satisfying taste and a reproduced consumption habit. Thus, eatingS. purpurascens is guided mostly by emotion and tradition; however, the attribution of a nutritional utility toS. purpurascens is an emerging reason that, albeit to a somewhat lesser extent, also influences some consumer segments. Therefore, campaigns to promote and preserve the consumption ofS. purpurascens in the urban context studied, which is in the process of a nutritional transition, should consider and strengthen the affective component of anthropo-entomophagy, as well as intrinsic cognitive aspects such as the nutritional composition of edible insects or their low environmental impact.
Analyse de l’impact du conformisme social sur l’adoption de l’e-learning dans un pays en développement
Authors: Bakehe Novice Patrick , Mandeng Ma Ntamack Jules , Hassan Roukiya
Published: August 2022

À partir des données résultant de l’enquête menée en 2015 sur les citoyens et ménages camerounais, cet article analyse les effets de l’interaction sociale sur l’usage d’Internet pour la recherche d’informations en lien avec les études. L’estimation du modèle économétrique montre qu’il existe un multiplicateur social de 1,79. Du point de vue des pouvoirs publics, l’influence du réseau social implique qu’une politique visant à améliorer la recherche d’informations en relation avec les études est susceptible d’avoir un effet global supérieur à la somme des effets individuels prédits en l’absence d’interaction sociale.
A growth regime approach to demand, distribution, and employment with endogenous NAIRU dynamics
Authors: Nishi Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

This study builds a growth regime model to analyse demand, income distribution, and employment rate. It also examines the causes and effects of the endogenous dynamics of the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) from Régulationist and post-Keynesian perspectives. Specifically, this study (1) explores how demand and distribution regimes are established; (2) identifies the stability conditions for the multi-feedback mechanism among demand, distribution, and employment under different regimes; and (3) reveals how different endogenous degrees of NAIRU affect the dynamic behaviour of macroeconomic variables within a growth regime. We identify four types of growth regimes: two types of demand regimes (i.e. wage-led and profit-led) and two types of distribution regimes (i.e. goods market-led and labour market-led). We also demonstrate that the multi-feedback mechanism among demand, distribution, and employment under different growth regimes needs particular institutional coordination to realise stability. Moreover, we show that a certain endogenous degree of NAIRU may induce perpetual cycles in some growth regimes, whereas the stability of other growth regimes is independent of NAIRU’s endogeneity. Thus, our growth regime approach confirms the primary conclusions of the Régulation theory: an economy has business cycles and growth patterns specific to its institutional structures.
Théorie comptable de la monnaie et de la finance
Authors: Izoulet Maxime
Published: August 2022

Cette thèse cherche à démontrer que l’invention de la comptabilité en partie double, à la fin du Moyen-Âge, en Italie, est à l’origine de l’émergence de la monnaie de credit, de la modernité jusqu’à nos jours. En introduisant une nouvelle définition de la valeur, complète et efficace, la comptabilité en partie double a en effet permis le développement d’une boucle de rétroactions entre la circulation de créances et la croissance du profit, concept dont elle a fixé le sens. En se développant à travers les siècles, à partir du commerce de marchandises, ce système de monnaie de crédit, d’abord parallèle à la monnaie officielle, s’est par la suite autonomisé lors de différents conflits guerriers, dans différents pays, quand sa convertibilité avec la monnaie officielle a été suspendue pour répondre aux besoins de financement des États. À partir de cette relecture de l’histoire de la monnaie, basée sur une théorie comptable de la valeur, cette thèse cherche également à démontrer que les marchés financiers contemporains fonctionnent comme une monnaie de substitution, se développant en période de pénurie monétaire et entretenant une relation causale négative avec l’inflation, comme le montrent de nombreux travaux économétriques.
Surprise Toys to Build Customer Loyalty Using Classical Conditioning
Authors: Gauba Ritika , Srivastva Shefali
Published: August 2022

Research investigates the effects of conditioning (the systematic pairing of ‘surprise toy’ paired with a market offering) on the target consumer attitudes and satisfaction. The study examines whether using surprise which are highly congruent with the consumer’s leads to a stronger conditioning effect. It further scrutinizes how a reaction towards surprise varies with age. The results demonstrate that individuals exposed to the systematic pairing of a surprise with a market offering did develop a more favorable attitude and higher satisfaction towards the offering than individuals in the control condition. Moreover, the pairing of a surprise with a market offering was more effective in forming a positive attitude when the congruence was high. Further, the younger the age group more positive was the response towards the surprise. It has been argued that marketers must move beyond mere satisfaction, to customer delight. Interestingly the finding of this research proves that positive surprise in the form of toys can be a privileged way to trigger customer satisfaction and loyalty.
The pressureless damped Euler–Riesz equations
Authors: Choi Young-Pil , Jung Jinwook
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we analyze the pressureless damped Euler–Riesz equations posed in either

\mathbb{R}^d

or

\mathbb{T}^d

. We construct the global-in-time existence and uniqueness of classical solutions for the system around a constant background state.We also establish large-time behaviors of classical solutions showing the solutions towards the equilibrium as time goes to infinity. For the whole space case, we first show an algebraic decay rate of solutions under additional assumptions on the initial data compared to the existence theory. We then refine the argument to have an exponential decay rate of convergence even in the whole space. In the case of the periodic domain, without any further regularity assumptions on the initial data, we provide the exponential convergence of solutions.
Prevalence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis patients In Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Ulasi Amara , Nwachukwu Ndubuisi , Onyeagba Reginald , Umeham Solomon , Amadi Anuli
Published: August 2022

Objective: We determined the prevalence of rifampicin resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Enugu Nigeria.

Methods: A prospective hospital- based study involving 1300 presumptive multidrug- resistant tuberculosis patients was conducted in Enugu between April 2017 and 31st March, 2019. Participants age ranged from 15 years and older and each submitted one sputum specimens Sputum specimens were analyzed using the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay to detect resistance to rifampicin according to manufacturer's protocol.

Results: The prevalence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis was 6.8% (95% CI: 5.5- 8.3). Rifampicin resistance was significantly higher in males (9.0%) than females (4.2%) ( P = 0.036< 0.05). Most of the cases were seen in the age group 35-44 years (28.4%). Prevalence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis was 2.7% in treatment naive (new) patients and 4.1% in patients on anti-tuberculosis therapy (previously treated).

Conclusion: The prevalence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in Enugu was high. Rifampicin resistance in treatment naive (new) patients was also high. This study therefore highlights that active transmission of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among young males could be on-going.

Keywords: Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis; Rifampicin resistance; Gene Xpert; Drug resistance.
Assessment of knowledge of malaria and its control practices in mining and sugarcane growing regions of Western Kenya highlands
Authors: Kipcho Mukabane Davis , Kitungulu Nicholas , A Ogutu Philip , Cheruiyot Korir Jackson , Hughes Mulama David
Published: August 2022

Background: Despite upscaled control efforts, deaths and hospitalization due to malaria remained high in counties of western Kenya highlands.

Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge of malaria in two rural communities, the control strategies they use, and their capacity to integrate the available control programs.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in two rural villages in November – December 2018. Focus group discussions and a questionnaire survey were carried out in 736 households. Frequencies and proportions were used for descriptive analysis while the Chi-square test was used to determine factors that were associated with knowledge of malaria at p ≤ 0.05

Results: Ninety-seven percent of the respondents had knowledge of malaria and this was associated with the level of education attained (χ2 = 30.108; p > 0.0001). Bed net ownership was at 86% and 92% correctly identified its use. Draining stagnant water (53.9%) was the most cited environmental management practice.

Conclusion: There was awareness of the risk factors of malaria transmission in the study sites. The local communities must be mobilized and empowered through EIC for the control practises to bear fruit against malaria transmission. However, more sensitization needs to be done to optimize the use of malaria control practices.Keywords: Malaria; control practices; Kenya highlands; Mining.
Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among adult HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy at North Shewa zone public Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia: A retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Shibabaw Shiferaw Wondimeneh , Muche Belete Abebe , Adela Alemu , Getnet Mekasha , Asmare Aynalem Yared Asmare Aynalem
Published: August 2022

Background: Patients who are lost to follow-up while on treatment compromise their own health and the long-term success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. Besides, loss to follow-up (LTFU) increases HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence of LTFU and its predictors among adult HIV positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy at North Shoa zone public hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods: A retrospective follow up study of 517 people living with HIV/AIDS and attending an ART clinic between 2015 and 2020 was conducted at North Shewa zone, public hospitals. Kaplan-Meier failure function together with log rank test was used to compare failure function. Multivariable Cox proportion hazards regression model was used to determine predictors of LTFU.

Result: The incidence density rate of lost to follow up among HIV positive adult on ART was found to be 8.9 per 100 adult years observation (95%CI; 7.45, 10.68). In multivariable cox proportional regression analysis, WHO clinical stage-IV (AHR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.75), comorbidity disease (AHR = 0.54; 95% CI; 0.30, 0.97), body mass index less than 18kg/m2 (AHR = 1.60; 95% CI; 1.02, 2.51), cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (AHR = 1.57; 95% CI;1.09, 2.53), and a low CD4 count (AHR = 1.66; 95% CI; 1.29, 3.49) were found to be a significant predictors of lost to follow up.

Conclusion: The current study showed that the incidence rate of loss to ART follow-up was high. Body mass index score less than 18kg/m2, advanced WHO clinical stage, CD4<200cell/mm3, had comorbidity disease, and cotrimoxazole therapy were a significant predictors of lost to ART follow up. Therefore, appropriate mitigation measures in the at-risk group need to be instigated to advance retention rate.

Keywords: ART; HIV/AIDS; lost to follow up; predictors; Ethiopia.
Pilot study of new statistical models for prognostic factors in short term survival of oral cancer
Authors: Oluwatobi Awodutire Phillip , Ruth Ilori Oluwatosin , Uwandu Chigozie , Adeniyi Akadiri Oladimeji
Published: August 2022

Background: Survival times of oral cancer are poorly documented in Nigeria. This is partly due to poor documentation and limited investigations to elicit sufficient prognostic factors. In this study, we applied a new statistical model for survival times of oral cancer patients considering limited prognostic factors.

Methods: A total of 29 cases of Oral cancer patients with stage I to IV invasive primary oral cancer treated at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria between 2008 and 2015 were used to generate prognostic models. Profiled prognostic factors include age, stage of tumor development, habitus, and treatment modalities. The baseline statistical distributions considered were Exponential, Weibull, Lognormal and Log-logistic distributions. The Chi-Square test was considered for the suitability of the model chosen. A comparison of the model performance was done using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).

Results: Seventeen (58.6%) of the oral cancer patients were males and 12(41.4%) were females within the age range of 19 and 73 years. Sixteen (55.2%) of the patients were censored while 13(44.8%) were not censored. The estimated median survival time (MST) for the males was 29.50 months while that of the female was 7 months. Four parametric statistical models were tested and all identified tumor stage [cTNM stage (p= 0.000)] and treatment modality (p= 0.000) as more important predictors of survival. The models were then compared, using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to determine the model best fit for the data. Themodel with the lowest AIC and so considered the best was the Weibull Statistical Model (WSM) with AIC= 100.76.

Conclusions: This study suggests that the Weibull survival model is the best fit for estimating oral cancer survival times especially where only limited prognostic factors are available. Larger studies are required to validate the findings of this pilot.

Keywords: New statistical; short term survival; oral cancer.
Association between hair dye use and cancer in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Ahmadi Mohadeseh , Saeedi Majid , Hedayatizadeh-Orman Akbar , Eslami Mahboobeh , Janbabai Ghasem , Alizadeh-Navaei Reza
Published: August 2022

Background: The use of hair dye for cosmetic purposes appears to be increasing worldwide. As 50-80% of women use hair dye throughout their lifetimes, the possible association between hair dye use and cancer is a public health concern.

Method: This systematic review was performed by retrieving studies from PubMed, Scopus, WOS, and ProQuest databases. The inclusion criteria were case-control studies evaluating the association between hair dye use and cancer in women. Women with cancer who have used any hair dye were the focus of our study.

Results: The present study combined 28 studies, to assess the association between hair dye use and cancer. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of hematopoietic system cancers among those who have generally ever used any type of hair dyes was 1.10 (95% CI:1.01-1.20) in 17 studies. In 11 studies investigating hair dye made before and after 1980 as a risk factor for cancer, the pooled OR for cancer was 1.31(95% CI:1.08-1.59). Likewise, in the 13 studies that evaluated the association of light and dark hair dye with cancer, the risk among those using dark hair dye increased by 9%, compared to non-users (OR=1.09; 95% CI:0.95-1.25).

Conclusion: The present study suggests that, although the use of hair dye may increase the risk of cancer among users, a more detailed evaluation is required to assess the type of hair dye use in terms of guidelines and metrics.

Keywords: Hair dye; cancer; meta-analysis.
Quantifying the relationship of HIV infection with clinicopathological spectrum and outcome among patients with colorectal cancer in a South African population
Authors: SK Pillay , Z Moolla , Y Moodley , TE Madiba
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Literature is limited on HIV and colorectal cancer (CRC) in sub-Saharan Africa despite it being the epicentre of the HIV epidemic.

Purpose: To compare clinicopathological features and outcome of CRC in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective CRC database. Demographic details, HIV status, anatomical site, disease stage, treatment and follow-up were documented.

Results: Of 715 patients with CRC, 145 and 570 tested positive and negative respectively for HIV. Median age was 45 (IQR 36-53 and 57 (IQR 45-66) years among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients respectively (p<0.0001). Tumour differentiation differed between the two groups (p=0.003) but staging was not different (p=0.6). Surgical resection rate was 52% for HIV-positive patients versus 59% for HIV-negative patients (p=0.07). Median follow-up was 9 (IQR 2-20.5) months for HIV-positive patients and 12 (IQR 6-29) months for HIV-negative patients (p=0.154). Recurrence rate was 14.7% among HIV positive patients and 6.8% in HIV negative patients (p=0.089).

Conclusion: When compared with HIV-negative patients, HIV-positive patients with CRC presented at a younger age and tended to have lower surgical resection rates. There was no difference between the two groups with CRC in terms of anatomical sub-site distribution, disease staging and recurrence rates.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; colon cancer; rectal cancer; HIV; Outcome.
Effect of low-dose lanthanum carbonate on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in Asian Patients with end-stage renal disease, maintenance hemodialysis and hyperphosphatemia
Authors: Cui Xiaofei , Jiang Shuning , Liu Liang , Tang Xuejie , Chen Yan
Published: August 2022

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether a 12-week small-dose lanthanum carbonate (LaCO3; 500 mg/d) treatment could improve calcium and phosphorus metabolism and parathyroid function in Asian patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) under hemodialysis.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of patients treated at our Hospital between 10/2014 and 02/2015. The patients were given 500 mg/d of LaCO3 with lunch for 12 weeks.

Results: Baseline and after 12-week treatment serum phosphorus levels were 2.49±0.51 mmol/L and 1.65±0.34 mmol/L (P<0.001). The baseline and after 12-week treatment calcium×phosphorus product were 69.40±17.34 mg2/dL2 and 44.27±9.67 mg2/dL2 (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in serum calcium and iPTH levels from baseline to after 12 weeks treatment (both P>0.05). Fourteen (25.9%) patients developed gastrointestinal adverse reactions to LaCO3and 10 patients improved after treatment.

Conclusion: Far below the 1.5-3.0g/d required by the drug instructions, LaCO3 500 mg/d for 12 weeks can still reduce serum phosphorus level and calcium × phosphorus product, without serum calcium and iPTH levels increase.

Keywords: Low dose; Lanthanum carbonate; Hyperphosphatemia; End-stage renal disease; Hemodialysis; Asian.
Weight distribution asymmetry in relation to walking speed in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: M Ibrahim Nahla , Elsayed Abbass Mai
Published: August 2022

Background: Gait speed and postural stability are indicators of community level ambulation and may be a valuable measure of disability.

Objectives: to investigate the relation between the distribution of weight on both lower extremities and gait speed in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Methods: Evaluation for weight distribution on both lower limbs and speed during gait for sixty children with spastic diplegia and forty-five children with hemiplegia was carried out by the Biodex gait trainer. Pearson correlation test was conducted to determine the relation of the symmetry index and the percent of weight bearing to speed.

Results: A significant weak positive correlation was found between speed and symmetry index in diplegic group, while there was a non-significant weak negative correlation between speed and symmetry index was noticed in hemiplegic group. Nonsignificant weak positive correlation between speed and weight on most affected side was recorded in diplegic group. While in hemiplegic group, there was significant weak negative correlation between weight on affected side and speed.

Conclusion: Children with cerebral palsy demonstrate asymmetrical weight distribution during walking. Physical therapy training should be directed to enhance weight bearing distribution thus improving gait and postural stability.

Keywords: Physical Therapy Modalities; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation.
Towards developing a comprehensive treatment schedule for patients with cerebral palsy: factors influencing patient’s adherence to physiotherapy treatment
Authors: Uchenwoke Ikenna Chigozie , Ofodum Mirian Chidimma , Nwachukwu Paul Chinonso , Osuoha Onyekachi Christiana , Okonkwo Kingsley Kenechukwu , Anih Chidera Lynda
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study is aimed to identify factors influencing patient’s adherence to treatment in a bid to characterize the extent to which these factors are considered while developing a treatment schedule for patients with cerebral palsy in Nigeria

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study of physiotherapists involved in the care of patients with cerebral palsy. Factors influencing treatment adherence were assessed using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. Participants were sampled from physiotherapists working at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentage and frequencies.

Results: A total of fifty three (31 males and 22 females) physiotherapists completed and returned the questionnaire. Participants (84.9%) agreed that patients occasionally forget to meet up with their appointment days; with majority of them agreeing that distance to the clinic and economic factor (cost of treatment and transportation) influence patient’s adherence to treatment. Presence/absence of a caregiver and relationship between patients and their physiotherapist are also important factors influencing patient’s treatment schedules.

Conclusion: Distance to the clinic when compared to other (economic, patient-therapist relationship) factors is the major barrier to patient’s adherence to treatment and therefore should be considered while developing treatment schedules for patients with cerebral palsy.

Keyword: Cerebral palsy; Treatment schedule; Adherence; Physiotherapy; Nigeria.
Perceived barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral therapy adherence among youth aged 15-24 years at a regional HIV clinic in South-Western Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Jjumba Isaac , Kanyesigye Micheal , Ndagijimana Gerald , Wattira James , Olong Clinton , Akumu Olok Rose , Beebwa Esther , Muzoora Conrad
Published: August 2022

Introduction: South-Western region has the second highest HIV prevalence in Uganda. Youth aged 15-24 have shown poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy compared to the older cohorts. Previous studies from other regions have shown various barriers and facilitators. Our study was designed to describe specific barriers and facilitators to treatment adherence among youths in a large regional HIV clinic in southwestern Uganda.

Methods: We used a phenomenological qualitative study design conducted amongst 30 purposively selected HIV positive youth aged 15-24 years enrolled at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital HIV clinic on ART for a period of at least one year and 6 key informants using in-depth interviews. The data was collected in an inductive manner during the period between 21st July and 17th August 2020. The recordings were backed up, transcribed verbatim and then analyzed manually using thematic content analysis.

Results: The barriers to ART adherence were described in three descending categories as perceived treatment burden, perceived resultant stigma and discrimination, whereas the main facilitators were; perceived usefulness of HIV medications, availability of free services and Social support.

Conclusion: Youths aged 15-24 have challenges with ART associated treatment burden and fear to disclose their HIV status because of the resultant stigma from their communities. Many have however accepted the fact that HIV medications are lifesaving and are strongly motivated to adhere to their medications despite the circumstances.

Keywords: Barriers; Facilitators; Adherence; HIV/AIDS; Young Adults.
Renal cyst mimicking hydronephrosis after uterine artery ligation for postpartum haemorrhage
Authors: Chibuoke Ngene Nnabuike
Published: August 2022

Background: The proximity of the uterus and the cervix to the urinary tract predisposes the latter to injury during obstetrical and gynaecological surgical procedures. Following a difficult surgical procedure on the lower uterine segment and or adnexa, urinary tract injury should be excluded.

Methods: A booked 39-year-old G3P2 lady who suffered an ischaemic stroke in the index pregnancy had a caesarean delivery at 39 weeks of gestation and sustained an extensive tear that extended inferiorly on the left lateral aspect of the uterus and this resulted in postpartum haemorrhage. Following the repair of the tear, uterine artery ligation was performed to achieve haemostasis.

Results: Postoperatively, conventional ultrasonography which was performed to exclude ureteric injury suggested left hydronephrosis and a preliminary report of computerized tomography (CT) showed the same finding. The patient subsequently had left ureteric stenting. The final report of the CT scan was delayed but showed a simple left renal cyst and no hydronephrosis.

Conclusion: Renal cyst is a differential diagnosis of hydronephrosis. Delayed availability of the final result of medical investigations jeopardises patients’ safety. A preliminary imaging report is prone to error and its use to determine the indication for an invasive procedure should be limited to emergencies.

Keywords: Uterine artery ligation; preliminary imaging report; ureteric injury.
Prevalence of venous thromboembolism risk factors in hospitalized patients at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu Nigeria
Authors: Doris Ezigbo Eyiuche , Ukamaka Nwagha Theresa , Chinedu Nwuzor Victor
Published: August 2022

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common and lethal disease. Assessing the risk factors will help to modify exposures.

Aim: This study, assessed VTE risk factors in hospitalized patients at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu.

Patients and Methods: This was an observational, case-control study. Three hundred and fifty (350) patients were recruited for the study: This comprised 150 medical patients, 140 surgical patients and a population of 60 healthy control group. Subjects were evaluated once using the Caprini risk assessment model (RAM).

Results: Over 50% of all hospitalized patients, were at risk for VTE. Surgical patients were at a higher risk than medical patients. Hemoglobin concentration was associated with the risk of VTE in surgical patients, while d-dimer was associated with VTE risk in medical patients.

Conclusion: This study shows a high prevalence of VTE risk factors among hospitalized patients at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital.

Keywords: Venous Thromboembolism; Risk factors; D-dimer; Patients;  Nigeria.
Capability of Extension Agents in Disseminating Climate Change Information in Delta State Nigeria
Authors: Ozioko Remigius Ikechukwu , Eze Kelvin Chinedu , Emordi Abigail Ngozichukwuka , Okoronkwo David John , Nwobodo Cynthia Ebere
Published: August 2022

The study assessed the capability of extension agents in disseminating Climate Change (CC) information in Delta State, Nigeria. A multi-stage procedure was used in selecting 60 respondents. Data were collected on respondents’ capacity for outreach to farmers; existence of linkage on CC and sources of information on CC, constraints to building capacities for outreach and strategies to strengthen capacities. Mean, percentage, were used for analysis. Findings showed the existence of training on CC (23.3%) and practical learning experience on CC adaptation (20.0%). Lack of human resources (𝑥̅= 3.30) and training programmes on CC (𝑥̅= 3.23) were constraints to building capacities for outreach. Organization of seminars, workshops (𝑥̅= 3.58), proper staffing (𝑥̅= 3.57), provision of incentives (𝑥̅= 3.55) were suggested as strategies to strengthen capacity for outreach. Extension agents in the state lack the requisite facilities for outreach to farmers on climate change agricultural adaptation. Also, there are inadequate human and material resources necessary for effective coverage of the farming population. Government and development organizations should hire qualified extension personnel and provide weather observatory for CC outreach in Delta State.
Comparative Analysis of the Contributions of Men and Women to Farming Decisions among Rice Producing Households in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Amusa Taofeeq Ade , Anugwo Stanley Chukwudi , Egwue Ogechi Lynda
Published: August 2022

The study examined the contributions of men and women to farming decisions among rice producing households in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 120 rice producing families. Husband and wife involved in rice production as a unit were interviewed and data were collected using questionnaire. Collected data were analysed with mean, standard deviation, chart and z-test. The result showed that the mean contribution of men in pre-harvest decisions (x̅ =3.54 ± 0.18) was higher than that of women (x̅ =2.43 ± 0.24). On the other hand, the mean contribution of men in decision-making in post-harvest activities (x̅ =2.54 ± 0.48) was relatively low compared to that of women (x̅ =3.47 ± 0.16). There was a significant difference in the level of contributions of men and women to decision-making in pre- and post-harvest activities. Improved commitment to helping farmers gain more access to farm-related information to make informed decisions about their farming business is recommended.
Agroforestry Technology: A Climate Change Mitigation Measure for Sustainable Food Security in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Ben-Chendo Glory N. , Ogueri Emma .I. , F.C. Anaeto
Published: August 2022

Oil and Gas production in Nigeria are domiciled in the Niger Delta. Agroforestry technologies were introduced as mitigation strategies against food insecurity as land management technique due to constant litigation on accusation of emissions, increase climate change and environmental devastation. Objectives were to determine reasons for agroforestry practice by rural women and identify effects of agroforestry technologies on income in the oil and gas rich Niger Delta. A total of 270 respondents in Bayelsa, Imo and Rivers States were selected using purposive and random sampling techniques. Data were collected with questionnaires and focus group discussion. Descriptive statistics and Discriminating index were used for analysis. Results showed a mean age of 51years, 38% completed secondary school, 77% married, household size of 6 and 3-4 years’ experience. A discriminating index of 2.5, food production (2.8*), Income generation (3.4*), raw materials production (3.3*), Nutrient replenishing (3.1*) and soil quality (2.9*) topped reasons for agroforestry practice. It was concluded that Agroforestry technology should be advocated through extension education to meet food needs of Niger Delta to addressing the reputations of Multinational Oil and Gas companies in Nigeria. This study recommends that Multinational Oil and Gas companies should assist primary stakeholders to establish agroforestry farms as part of its corporate social responsibility addressing food insecurity and unemployment.
Knowledge and Perception of Consumers on Microbiological Meat Safety, Antibiotic Resistance and Residues in Tema Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Anachinaba I.A. , Adzitey F. , Teye G.A. , Brown C.A. , Boateng E.F.
Published: August 2022

This study assessed the knowledge and perception of consumers on microbiological meat safety, antibiotic resistance and residues in Tema Metropolis, Ghana. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 384 randomly selected meat consumers on their knowledge and perception of meat safety and antibiotics. Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 and Chi Square was used to determine relationships among some parameters. The results revealed that 56% were males, with the majority (54%) aged between 21-40 years. Most (51%) of the respondents had basic education. For consumption, most of the respondents preferred chicken (53%) to beef (32%) and pork (14%), mostly because of taste (50%), followed by accessibility (39%) and price (11%). Majority (80%) of the respondents agreed (slightly to strongly agree) that meat consumption is associated with hypertension/high cholesterol and diabetics. Also, most of the respondents had heard about microbiological meat safety (64%) mostly from their teachers in school (62%) and the media (25%). They had also heard about antibiotic resistance (55%) and antibiotic residues (53%), mostly from their teachers in school (56% and 58%, respectively). Generally, most of the respondents did not know much about antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues, although they had heard about them. The findings of the study warrant the need to educate consumers on food safety and antibiotic related issues.
Competitiveness of Nigerian Palm Oil in the World Market: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Busari A.O. , Agboola T.O. , Akintunde O.K. , Jimoh L.O.
Published: August 2022

The dependence on crude oil exports as a dominant source of foreign exchange earnings has retarded the growth of agricultural export and earnings in Nigeria. The steady decline of competitiveness in the foreign agricultural export market has been of great concern. The study investigated competitiveness of Nigerian palm oil in the global market. Annual time-series data obtained from Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics (FAOSTAT) databases were used in the study. The time trend analysis was used to examine the trends in the movement of production, export supply and competitiveness (market share) of palm oil in the world market. Cointegration and error correction analysis was used to understand the relationship between the competitiveness (market share) of palm oil and its selected determinants. Results revealed an increasing trend in the domestic production of palm oil over the study period. The average domestic production of palm oil over the study period was 77632.40 tonnes. The export supply and market share of palm oil fluctuated over the period of the study reaching an average of 5762.41 tonnes and 36.09 percent respectively Results of error correction analysis revealed that the exchange rate, export tax, the interest rate on the agricultural loan, and the inflation rate negatively affect the market share of palm oil. However, technological progress in agriculture positively affects the market share of palm oil.
Nutritional Assessment of Fermented and Roasted Tamarindus indica Seeds from Lapai, Nigeria
Authors: Musah M. , Mathew J. T. , Azeh Y. , Nwakife N. C. , Abdulhamid Z. , Mohammed A.
Published: August 2022

This work studied the proximate, mineral and phytochemical content of fermented and roasted Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed nuts, using standard analytical methods. The seeds were divided into two; one portion was roasted at temperature 85 - 100 oC for 15 mins while the second portion was fermented for 48 hours in the presence of yeast. The proximate analysis of the roasted and fermented samples revealed the values of moisture, ash, crude lipid, Crude protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate and calorific values of the fermented sample were 10.70±0.21 %, 3.06±0.71 %, 2.30±0.19 %, 19.25±0.16 %, 5.75±0.33 %, 58.94±0.23% and 301.29±0.31kcal/100g while values for the roasted sample were 2.00±0.82 %, 3.34±0.53 %, 7.60±0.43 %, 23.63±0.11 %, 5.22±0.74 %, 58.21±0.17 % and 329.08±0.92 kcal/100g respectively. Mineral elements present were K (336.75±0.31 mg/100g), Mg (166.90±0.37 mg/100g), P (106.42±0.65 mg/100g), Na (186.52±0.09 mg/100g) and Ca (10.33±0.15 mg/100g) for the fermented sample and values obtained for K, Mg, P, Na and Ca in roasted sample were 784.95±0.43, 187.65±0.17, 122.38±0.29, 54.36±0.13 and 12.65±0.11 mg/100g respectively. Results of phytochemical content showed that fermented Tamarindus indica contained tannin (64.61±0.43 mg/100 g), saponnins (127.33±0.79 mg/100 g), flavonoid (3.53±0.18 mg/100 g) and alkaloid (23.56±0.37 mg/100 g) while phytochemicals in the roasted sample were 40.97±0.21, 94.69±0.29, 1.96±0.51 and 14.33±0.12 mg/100g for tannins, saponins, flavonoid and alkaloids respectively, and were significantly lower than those in the fermented sample. Correlation analysis indicate a correlation exist between nutritional content of fermented and roasted samples of T. indica. The high crude protein, carbohydrate, calorific value and mineral content in fermented and roasted T. indica seeds indicate that the seeds could be good source of nutrient.
Mathematical Modelling of Potassium Meta-Bisulphite Treated Mango (Mangifera indica) Slices cv Dasheri
Authors: Nasiru M.M. , Boateng E.F. , Mustapha A.T. , Kelechi A.J. , Raj J.D.
Published: August 2022

Fresh and ripe mango (Mangifera indica) slices cv Dasheri were dehydrated in a cabinet dryer at drying air temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 oC at a slice thickness of 5 mm. Before dehydration, the mango slices were pre-treated with potassium meta-bisulphite (KMS) at three levels (0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 % KMS, respectively). Five semi-theoretical and empirical thin-layer drying models (Newton [Lewis], Logarithmic, Demir et al. 2004, Henderson & Pabis, and Wang & Singh) were employed to select the best model that describes the drying process. Moisture diffusivity and activation energy of the mango slices were also evaluated. It was observed that the drying took place in the falling rate period. Demir et al. 2004 and Logarithmic models were found to satisfactorily describe the drying process of the mango slices using R2, x2, SSE, and RMSE as the criteria for selecting the best model. The mango slices' moisture diffusivity and activation energy range from 6.79 to 10.02×10-8 m2/s and 10.03 to 14.73 kJ/mol. Thus, KMS pre-treatment can minimise the mango slices' drying duration and drying cost.