bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRÉDITO EMERGENCIAL PARA MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Costa de Menezes Emanuel , Oliveira Aragão Servilha Graziele , José de Oliveira Leandro , Silva Rogerio
Published: September 2024

O objetivo do estudo foi averiguar se as políticas de créditos emergenciais disponibilizas pelos governos as MPE’s, em todo o Brasil, foram decisivas para o enfrentando da crise econômica da Covid-19, e a atuação dos bancos públicos na concessão dos créditos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, utilizou-se como procedimento metodológico o método documental e bibliográfico. Os dados foram coletados na home page do DataSebrae, plataforma Emprestômetro em janeiro de 2022. Os resultados evidenciam que a burocracia no processo de documentação dificultou o acesso dos pequenos negócios aos recursos de crédito disponibilizados pelo governo. Mesmo assim, em 2020 foram direcionados cerca de R$ 143,6 bilhões em crédito e em 2021 com o avanço da liberação da vacinação aliado a estabilidade do cenário econômico, os pequenos negócios contrataram R$ 27,8 bilhões. Nesse contexto, os bancos públicos foram fundamentais na distribuição dos recursos por serem linha direta entre o governo e as empresas, sendo responsáveis por 32% dos contratos firmados em 2020 e 47% em 2021. Portanto, apesar dos programas não terem atingido todo o público-alvo, foram essenciais para os pequenos negócios, melhorando a retomada econômica do país, destacando ainda o papel dos bancos públicos na liquidez dos créditos e melhorando a competitividade entre as instituições financeiras.
A Informalidade no Brasil do século XXI
Authors: Santos Cardoso Luiz Henrique , Marques Rosa Maria
Published: September 2024

A informalidade, presente historicamente em países subdesenvolvidos como o Brasil, caracteriza-se pela ampla presença de trabalhadores sem acesso aos direitos trabalhistas garantidos por lei e unidades produtivas com baixa produtividade e organização. Ao longo das décadas do século XX, essa realidade se consolidou de diferentes maneiras, aprofundando a precariedade da força de trabalho. Tomando a visão estruturalista cepalina - que, incialmente, entendia o trabalho informal formado a partir da heterogeneidade da estrutura produtiva nacional -, procuramos analisar a formação histórica do mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Já para as décadas de 1990 e 2000, destacamos que a visão dos estruturalistas é importante para analisar o fenômeno da informalidade, mas essa deve ser complementada pela ótica marxista de Francisco de Oliveira. Esse autor destaca que a informalidade é um fenômeno intrínseco ao sistema de produção capitalista e, desse modo, é persistente ainda no século XXI.
The Effect of Mono-Halogenation on the Performance of Anthraquinone Cathode in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Hong Xia , Bolag Altan , Liu Wen Hui , Bao Ta Na
Published: September 2024

To investigate the effect of mono-halogenation on the performance of anthraquinone cathode in lithium-ion batteries, the structures and electrochemical properties of AQ derivatives functionalized with single chlorine and bromine were studied. The microstructure and morphology were characterized by XRD and SEM, and the electrochemical properties were conducted using galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 1-BrAQ, 2-BrAQ, and 2-ClAQ showed improved cyclic stability and higher platform voltage than the AQ cathode, and the capacity retention rates of 2-ClAQ and 2-BrAQ after 50 discharge cycles are 64.6% and 77.8%, respectively, which are twice the capacity retention rate of the AQ positive electrode under the same conditions.
Optimizing Lasing Parameters for Fabricating an Efficient Flexible Electrothermal Heater Based on Laser-Induced Graphene
Authors: Nkamuhebwa Gerrard , El-Moneim Ahmed Abd , Ali Hassan Hamdy Abo , Tsuchiya Toshiyuki , Hassan Mohsen A.
Published: September 2024

This work involved fabrication of an efficient thin film heater from 100 μm thick polyimide (PI) sheet by scribing it using a carbon dioxide lasing machine through optimizing laser power (P), scanning speed (SS), and pulses per inch (PPI). A 15 mm × 15 mm square pattern was designed using CorelDRAW software and scribed in a rastering mode on top of PI with the help of Universal Control Panel (UCP) software of the laser machine. Laser power of 8 %, SS of 4 % and PPI of 1000 were obtained as optimal parameters for producing laser induced graphene (LIG). This LIG exhibited a low sheet resistance of approximately 16.64 Ω/sq and was thermally stable on the PI substrate even after 30 cycles of repeated heating and cooling. The LIG was found to be highly porous with the aid of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its structure was crystalline from XRD patterns. FTIR was conducted and showed disappearance of functional groups in PI after treatment with the laser beam. Our developed LIG heater showed great electrothermal performance with maximum temperature of approximately 288.7 °C, rate of temperature rise of 107.06 °Cs-1, and time of 1.85 s to reach 63 % of temperature difference at a low input voltage of 6 V with homogeneous temperature distribution seen in the thermal images taken using FLIR camera. This LIG heating element can be placed in confined spaces because of its flexibility, thinness, and lightness. Additionally, its efficient joule heating effect attracts many applications such as seat warmers, anti-fogging equipment, food shelf displays, etc.
Effect of Rare Earth Ion Doping on the Performance of Lithium-Rich Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Han , Li Wei , Wang Xiao Tao , Liao Bo , Tegus Ojiyed , Bator Si Qin
Published: September 2024

Lithium-rich layered oxide cathode materials have the advantages of a high voltage and a high specific capacity. Their commercial applications have however been impeded by some disadvantages such as low initial coulombic efficiency and low cycle life. To overcome these issues, rare earth ion-doped lithium-rich layered oxide cathode materials are investigated in this work. The irreversible release of O2- in Li2MnO3 is suppressed by rare earth ions doping, which enhanced the initial coulombic efficiency of the materials. Meanwhile, the rare-earth ion radius used for doping is larger than the Mn4+ radius, which enlarges the (003)-crystalline plane spacing, resulting in a significant enhancement of the rate performance of the material.
Synaptic Weights in a Neuromemristive Radioisotope Classifier
Authors: Canales-Verdial Jorge I.
Published: September 2024

A memristor crossbar’s intrinsic device network dynamics can be harnessed to efficiently conduct radionuclide classification tasks by retrofitting the network with a peripheral CMOS-based architecture that has been structurally and functionally optimized for this classification task. However, the hardware implementation of this classification platform is limited by the physical characteristics of the memristor which has a finite number of states. This renders the employment of traditional neural network learning algorithms, where the weights are not limited to defined states, as an excessively complex task. Hence, this paper tests the limitations on weight resolution and its effect in classification precision when implementing a spiking locally competitive learning algorithm. Both linear and nonlinear weight distributions are examined. The algorithm’s local competitiveness is assessed for the specific application of radionuclide identification. The system is tested using spectra data obtained from the United States National Nuclear Data Center as the classification database dictionary. The platform’s accuracy is measured when test signals with 100, 10 and 1 signal-to-noise ratios are assessed. It has been shown that the system is highly effective for classifying radioisotopes with linear weight distribution even with high levels of noise present. A minor classification accuracy improvement was also observed for weight states distributions with a higher density of values in the low conductivity range. Therefore, it is concluded that a memristor-based radionuclide classifier should have at least 4 possible states mapping the algorithm’s synaptic weights.
The Effect of Ethanol Treatment of PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layer on the Performance of P3HT: PCBM-Based Solar Cells
Authors: Alata Hexig , Lian Hong , Ning Jun , Bolag Altan , Gerile Naren , Tegus Ojiyed
Published: September 2024

The Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transport layer was treated with ethanol to optimize the performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) based organic polymer solar cells. Washing out of the insulating PSS from the PEDOT:PSS film by ethanol promoted the formation of a conducting PEDOT chain network so that both the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS film and the properties of P3HT: PCBM-based solar cells were improved significantly.
The Use of the Internet of Things in Robotics (IoTR)
Authors: Magomedov Islam Arbievich , Matygov Movsar Musaevich , Mochiev Umar
Published: September 2024

Technological progress introduces new ideas and methods that eventually end up being in another technology. One technology can not provide a solid ground for the future and, thus, technologies intervene with each other. A combination of technologies allows the achievement of greater application in different fields and areas and better performance and functionality. The Internet of Things is not a new idea, but due to the improvement of other technology can be used in different industries to achieve better optimization. Internet of Things can be found in different industries, but the focus of this work is in the field of robotics. Therefore, the following work will try to illustrate the use of technology in this field. A brief definition of the Internet of Things will be covered. The application of the technology in robotics will be outlined with its future perspectives. The advantages and drawbacks of the Internet of Things in the field of robotics will be discussed at the end.
CTAB-Si Nanoparticles Derived from Rice Husk Ash for Nitrate Ions Removal in Simulated Wastewater
Authors: Danico Maxine Ranses D. , Maulion Rhonalyn V. , Llanes Amani , Llave Lovely Charmaine B. , Magwari Benjie M.
Published: September 2024

In this study, silica (Si) nanoparticles derived from rice husk ash is coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, and used as adsorbent of nitrate ion in wastewater. CTAB functionalized Si (CTAB-Si) nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized CTAB-Si nanoparticles has a non-spherical shape, with visible polydispersity and is amorphous with average particle size of 72nm. It showed stretching vibrations of silanol at 963cm-1, siloxane at 1073cm-1, sharp peaks at 2852cm-1 and 2922cm-1 due to the methylene tail of CTAB and amine peak at 1,384cm-1. An ∼80% nitrate removal and adsorption capacity of 7.98 mg NO3/g CTAB-Si nanoparticles was obtained at optimized condition using Face Centered Central Composite Design (FC-CCD) at pH 4, 50 mgL-1 of adsorbate concentration, 0.2 gL-1 adsorbent dose and 30 minutes contact time. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic models fits well in Langmuir model and Pseudo second order with a R2 of 0.984 and 0.999 respectively. The efficiency of the nanoparticle after 5 adsorption cycles was ∼50% nitrate removal.
Study of the Ion-Exchange Capacity of Clinoptilolite for Copper Ions under Ideal Displacement Conditions in the Dynamic Mode
Authors: Malovanyy Myroslav , Odnorih Zoryana , Tymchuk Ivan , Lutek Wojciech
Published: September 2024

The ionic mechanism of copper ion sorption from an aqueous medium has been confirmed. The study has elucidated the regularities of the process within a stirred bed reactor, where kinetics are limited by the internal diffusion region. Initial sorption curves under dynamic conditions have been obtained.
Tim-3 Is Required for Regulatory T Cell–Mediated Promotion of T Cell Exhaustion and Viral Persistence during Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
Authors: Nieves-Rosado Hector M , Banerjee Hridesh , Gocher-Demske Angela , Manandhar Priyanka , Mehta Isha , Ezenwa Ogechukwu , Xie Bingxian , Murter Ben , Das Jishnu , Vignali Dario A A , Delgoffe Greg M , Kane Lawrence P
Published: September 2024

Expression of T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) is upregulated on regulatory T cells (Tregs) during chronic viral infections. In several murine and human chronic infections, the expression of Tim-3 is associated with poor control of viral burden and impaired antiviral immune responses. However, the role of Tim-3+ Tregs during persistent viral infections has not been fully defined. We employed an inducible Treg-specific Tim-3 loss-of-function (Tim-3 Treg knockout) murine model to dissect the role of Tim-3 on Tregs during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Tim-3 Treg knockout mice exhibited a decrease in morbidity, a more potent virus-specific T cell response, and a significant decrease in viral burden. These mice also had a reduction in the frequency of PD-1+Tim-3+ and PD-1+Tox+ gp33-specific exhausted CD8+ T cells. Our findings demonstrate that modulation of a single surface protein on Tregs can lead to a reduction in viral burden, limit T cell exhaustion, and enhance gp33-specific T cell response. These studies may help to identify Tim-3–directed therapies for the management of persistent infections and cancer.
Microbe-binding Antibodies in the Female Genital Tract: Associations with the Vaginal Microbiome and Genital Immunology
Authors: Liu Rachel , Pollock James , Huibner Sanja , Udayakumar Suji , Irungu Erastus , Ngurukiri Pauline , Muthoga Peter , Adhiambo Wendy , Kimani Joshua , Beattie Tara , Coburn Bryan , Kaul Rupert
Published: September 2024

Bacteria–Ig interactions maintain homeostasis in the gut through the clearance of pathogenic bacteria and the development of immune tolerance to inflammatory bacteria; whether similar interactions modulate inflammation and bacterial colonization in the female genital tract is uncertain. In this study, we used a flow cytometry–based assay to quantify microbe-binding IgA and IgG in the cervicovaginal secretions of 200 HIV-uninfected women from Nairobi, Kenya that were enriched for bacterial vaginosis. Total IgA and IgG were abundant and frequently demonstrated ex vivo binding to the key vaginal bacteria species Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus crispatus, which are largely microbe-specific. Microbe-binding Abs were generally not associated with the presence or abundance of their corresponding bacteria. Total and microbe-binding IgA and IgG were inversely correlated with total bacterial abundance and positively correlated with several proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF) and chemotactic chemokines (IP-10, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MCP-1, IL-8), independent of total bacterial abundance. Flow cytometry–based quantification of microbe-binding Abs provides a platform to investigate host–microbiota interactions in the female genital tract of human observational and interventional studies. In contrast to the gut, cervicovaginal microbe-binding IgA and IgG do not appear to be immunoregulatory but may indirectly mitigate bacteria-induced inflammation by reducing total bacterial abundance.
Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among Bhutanese mothers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zangmo Sherab , Boonchieng Waraporn , Suvanayos Chalinee , Gyeltshen Kelzang , Siewchaisakul Pallop
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and explored associatedfactors among mothers attending postnatal care in Bhutan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2023 at a national referralhospital in Thimphu, the capital city of Bhutan. In total, 314 mothers were recruited. Sociodemographic,psychosocial, obstetric, and infant-related data were collected using questionnaires. TheEdinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, with a threshold of ≥11, was employed to screen for PPD,and logistic regression was used to test the potential factors.Results: The prevalence of PPD was 14.97%. Mothers with a perceived change in body image (adjustedodds ratio [AOR], 4.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91–10.17; p=.001), perceivedheightened stress after delivery (AOR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.45–9.67; p=.006), poor relationship with inlaws(AOR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.24–5.30; p=. 011), and negative birth experience (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI,1.17–5.00; p=.016) demonstrated significantly higher odds of developing PPD. However, motherswith a higher monthly family income (Bhutanese ngultrum [Nu.] 20,000 to <50,000; AOR, 0.35;95% CI, 0.13–0.92; p=.033), ≥Nu. 50,000 (AOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13–1.07, p=.067) compared to<Nu. 20,000, and advanced gestational age (37 to <41 weeks; AOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09–0.71;p=.009) and ≥41 weeks (AOR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.00–0.75; p=.028) compared to <37 weeks had significantlylower risks of PPD.Conclusion: To mitigate the prevalence and risk of PPD, prioritizing screening strategies and interventionsmay benefit mothers with perceived changes in body image and heightened perceivedstress after delivery, poor relationships with in-laws, and those with negative birth experiences.
Pregnant women’s experiences of online prenatal education in Korea during COVID-19: a phenomenological study
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyoung , Jeong Geum Hee , Min Hye Young
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the significance and insights derived from the experiences of pregnant women in Korea who participated in online prenatal education during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This study employed the hermeneutic phenomenology framework developed by Colaizzi. It involved 12 pregnant women who participated in online prenatal education provided by public health centers in Chuncheon, Korea. Data collection was achieved through in-depth interviews conducted in Korea from October 2021 to April 2022.Results: In total, 51 significant statements were extracted from the interview data and then categorized into 10 themes. Finally, three categories were formed by merging similar themes. The three basic categories of participants’ experiences of online prenatal education were “feeling of safety and comfort in body and mind,” “frustrated by a lack of interaction,” and “digital education being a double-edged sword.” Pregnant women expressed ambivalence regarding the benefits and drawbacks of the online educational experience. They desired more interactive and practical learning opportunities, even as they appreciated the comfort of learning remotely.Conclusion: This study revealed the phenomenon of online prenatal education as an advanced form of distance-based prenatal education instead of the traditional in-person classroom. To maximize the educational effectiveness of this new format, public health center policies must address the digital literacy gap and enhance accessibility by leveraging the immersive multimedia experiences that online education offers to pregnant women. We recommend that maternal healthcare providers adopt this innovative approach to prenatal education, utilizing distance education technology to improve participation and promote immersion.
Addressing unique challenges and crafting inclusive policies for Queer living with disabilities
Authors: Ikhile Ikekhwa A. , Mavhandu-Mudzusi Azwihangwisi H. , Sinegugu Ndlovu
Published: September 2024

Background: This article addresses the intersectional challenges faced by Queer people living with disabilities (QPwD).Objectives: The article aims to highlight the nature and extent of their struggles while proposing inclusive policies for societal integration and equality. Amid global efforts to promote Queer rights, discrimination and violence persist, particularly affecting those with disabilities.Method: Drawing upon a comprehensive review of literature and empirical research, this study investigated the experiences of QPwD, identifying key challenges such as limited access to inclusive services, heightened vulnerability to abuse and systemic unemployment. The methodological approach used in this study involves synthesising existing scholarship and empirical evidence to inform the proposed inclusive policies.Results: The findings reveal pervasive barriers encountered by QPwD, including societal stigma, attitudinal biases and physical obstacles. Discrimination in employment, education and healthcare further exacerbates their marginalisation, necessitating proactive measures to address systemic inequalities and promote social inclusion.Conclusion: In conclusion, this article underscores the urgent need for policy reforms and societal interventions to uphold the rights and dignity of QPwD. By advocating for Queer-inclusive workplace policies, enhancing accessibility in public infrastructure and fostering governmental support for equality initiatives, this study contributes to advancing social justice and inclusivity.Contribution: The article calls for concerted efforts to create a more equitable and inclusive society where all individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation or disability status, can thrive and fulfil their potential.
Male circumcision perceptions among HIV vaccine trial participants in Soweto: Qualitative study
Authors: Sibiya Mbalenhle , Laher Fatima , Mulaudzi Mamakiri , Makhale Lerato M. , Salami Taibat , Hornschuh Stefanie , Tieu Hong-Van , Dietrich Janan J.
Published: September 2024

Background: Male circumcision has health benefits and cultural significance in South Africa and elsewhere. We sought to understand perceptions about male circumcision among participants enrolled in a preventive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine efficacy trial in South Africa.Methods: We conducted a qualitative study with 28 consenting people aged 18–35 years old who self-reported that they were not living with HIV and who were participating in the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 702 vaccine efficacy trial in Soweto. Using a semi-structured guide, we facilitated four focus group discussions (FGDs) stratified by age, gender and sexual orientation. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English and thematically analysed.Results: Four main themes emerged: (1) accurate knowledge about what male circumcision is, with some participants stating that it partially reduces acquisition of HIV and sexually transmitted infections; (2) emerging distrust of cultural circumcision because of perceived lack of transparency and adverse events; (3) misperceptions that circumcision boosted masculinity and (4) the influenced of parents, family and female partners in circumcision decision-making.Conclusion: Young South African HIV vaccine trial participants accurately understand the HIV prevention benefits of male circumcision, but uptake decisions are embedded within a context informed by culture, sexuality, masculinity norms and values and the influence of women.Contribution: In this study, we showed that young South Africans participating in HIV vaccine trials instead embed their circumcision uptake decisions within a context informed by culture, sexuality and masculinity norms and values and influence of women.
Cardiac MRI in Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Girija Manu Santhappan , Menon Deepak , Polavarapu Kiran , Preethish-Kumar Veeramani , Vengalil Seena , Nashi Saraswati , Keertipriya Madassu , Bardhan Mainak , Thomas Priya Treesa , Kiran Valasani Ravi , Nishadham Vikas , Sadasivan Arun , Huddar Akshata , Unnikrishnan Gopi Krishnan , Barthur Ashita , Nalini Atchayaram
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is the noninvasive technique of choice for early detection of cardiac involvement in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD and BMD, respectively), but is seldom used in routine clinical practice in the Indian context. We sought to determine the prevalence of CMRI abnormalities in patients with DMD and BMD and to compare the CMRI parameters with the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics.

Methods:

A prospective, observational study was conducted on patients genetically diagnosed with DMD and BMD who could complete CMRI between March 2020 and March 2022. Abnormal CMRI was the presence of any late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) that signifies myocardial fibrosis (LGE positivity), regional wall motion abnormality, or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <55%).

Results:

A total of 46 patients were included: 38 patients with DMD and eight with BMD. Cardiac abnormality was seen in 23 (50%) patients. LGE was more common than impaired LVEF in DMD (16, 42.1%), while impaired LVEF was more common in BMD (5, 62.5%). LGE was most frequently found in lateral wall (18/19) followed by inferior (6/19), septal (5/19), anterior (2/19), and apex (1/19). Among the various clinicodemographic parameters, only age (r = 0.495, P = 0.002) and disease duration (r = 0.407, P = 0.011) were found to significantly correlate with LGE in patients with DMD. No association was found between the various CMRI parameters and the genotype.

Conclusions:

The current study highlights the differences in myocardial fibrosis and LV dysfunction between DMD and BMD, along with other CMRI parameters. Notably, a genotype–CMRI correlation was not found in the current cohort, which needs to be further explored.
Prevalence of 14 high-risk human papillomavirus subtypes among volunteers of cervical cancer screening by Papanicolaou smear cytology from a tertiary care institute of Assam, India
Authors: Phukan Pranay Kumar , Dutta Aparna , Deuri Ajanta , Choudhury Gargi , Borpujari Porikhit , Bhattacharyya Neelakshi , Gogoi Gayatri
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

In India, cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women, constituting 18.3% of all cases. Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a well-established risk factor for cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of 14 high-risk HPV subtypes and their association with abnormal cytology among women in Upper Assam.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to April 2023 at a tertiary care center in Assam. A total of 100 women aged 23-72 years underwent cervical sample collection for HPV DNA analysis via real-time polymerase chain reaction and cytological examination of Papanicolaou (PAP) smears.

RESULTS:

The overall HPV prevalence was 13%, with 10% testing positive for HPV 16/18 and 6% for other high-risk subtypes. Coinfection with HPV 16/18 and other subtypes was found in 3% of cases. The mean age of HPV-positive participants was 46 years. Cytology results showed 87% normal, 11% inflammatory changes, and 2% epithelial cell abnormalities. The Chi-square analysis (α = 0.05) showed no significant association between age (P = 0.24), religion (P = 0.49), or education (P = 0.57) and HPV positivity, but the study showed a significant association of HPV infection with menstrual cycle (P = 0.04). The study also showed a significant association between cervical cytology and HPV positivity (P = 0.0087).

DISCUSSION:

The present study’s findings on the prevalence of all 14 high-risk HPV subtypes contribute new insights to the existing literature, although the slightly lower prevalence may be attributed to the sample size and demographic factors. The findings emphasize the need for regular screening by PAP smear as well as by HPV DNA detection, as cytological abnormalities were detected even in those without HPV infection.

CONCLUSION:

Along with 16/18 HPV subtypes, a longitudinal study may offer important insights into the development of coinfections and the other 12 subtypes of HPV infection, as well as the spectrum of dysplasia and in situ cervical cancer.
Comparative study of stem bark and small branches of Streblus asper and anti-carcinogenic and anti-diabetic activity
Authors: Meena A. K. , Ilavarasan R. , Perumal Ayyam , Ojha Vikas , Singh Ravindra , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar Singh
Published: September 2024

Background:

This study focuses on analyzing stigmasterol, a key compound found in Streblus asper lour., in both stem bark and small branches, and investigates its potential as an alternative source.

Objective:

To analyze the stigmasterol content in both stem bark and small branches of S. asper through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) techniques. In addition, molecular docking studies are conducted to assess the interaction of stigmasterol with selected anticancer and anti-diabetic target proteins.

Materials and Methods:

The study involved the comparative analysis of stigmasterol content in stem bark and small branches using HPLC techniques. Molecular docking simulations were performed to evaluate the binding affinity of stigmasterol with target proteins associated with anticancer and anti-diabetic activities.

Results:

HPLC analysis revealed stigmasterol content of 0.13298% in stem bark and 0.0373% in small branches. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated favorable binding energies (−9.0, −12.2, −9.8, −10.5, and −9.5 kcal/mol) of stigmasterol with selected target proteins.

Conclusion:

Both stem bark and small branches of S. asper contain stigmasterol, indicating their potential as a source of this compound with promising in silico anticancer and anti-diabetic activity. Utilizing small branches could offer a sustainable alternative while conserving the plant species and its ecological balance. Further validation through in vitro and in vivo studies is warranted to explore the therapeutic potential of stigmasterol fully.
Occupational Hazards, Associated Ocular Morbidities and Impact of Refractive Safety Eyewear among Agriculture Workers in India – A Two State Study
Authors: Janani Suresh , Krithica Srinivasan , Saranya Sachi B. , Lakshmi Shinde , Nivethikka Ram M. R. , Shefali Jathanna J. , Saravanan Subramaniyam , Eshwari K. , Ve Ramesh S. , Rashima Asokan
Published: September 2024

Context:

Agriculture is one of the occupations with the highest risk of injuries and fatalities but the farmers are ignorant about eye care and eye safety.

Aim:

The current study aims at understanding the occupational hazard and ocular morbidities associated with agriculture and the effect of safety eyewear.

Settings and Design:

Multicenteric, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in two states of India: Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Subjects were agriculture workers recruited by convenience sampling.

Methods and Material:

The study was done in three phases: Phase 1: Visual task analysis (VTA), Phase 2: Comprehensive eye examination, and Phase 3: Spectacle compliance assessment. The Standard of Living Index scale was administered to assess the socioeconomic status of the participants.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Results:

A study involving 276 workers (39.4% male, 65.2% female) found that VTA agricultural tasks were visually less demanding but hazardous, carrying the risk of ocular and nonocular injuries. Ocular injuries accounted for 9.4% (26 cases), while nonocular injuries accounted for 9.8% (27 cases). Spectacle compliance assessment revealed that 91.8% (157 out of 171 workers) reported improved visual comfort, reduced dust exposure, and enhanced safety with safety eyewear.

Conclusions:

This study illustrates numerous types of hazards associated with the occupation of farming. The study population had a 9.4% prevalence of ocular injuries. Refractive safety eyewear was reported to improve worker visual comfort.
Effect of Video Assisted Teaching (VAT) on Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude towards Organ Donation and Transplantation in a North Indian State
Authors: Varshney Shyamli , Sanyal Parikshit , Garg Anurag , Kansra Pooja
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Video-assisted teaching (VAT) is an effective means of intervention in motivating toward a particular medico-social goal. We evaluated the efficacy of a VAT intervention in caregivers of patients at a polyclinic in Haryana, India.

Objectives:

To asses efficacy of VAT in changing attitude towards organ donation.

Method:

One hundred and fifty participants each from rural and urban backgrounds were chosen randomly. A standard set of questions consisting of 9 positively framed and 11 negatively framed questions was prepared. The participants were subjected to an initial evaluation with the questionnaire, followed by VAT, after which the same questionnaire was repeated.

Results:

An increase in favorable responses was noted post-VAT, both in urban and rural populations. In particular, the favorable response to negatively framed questions improved significantly after the VAT, as seen after a Z-test for paired proportions before and after VAT.

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study suggest that VAT might be a useful adjunct in motivational sessions for organ donation, especially in removing negative prejudice toward organ donation.
Recurrent Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Masquerade of Antibody-Mediated Rejection?
Authors: Swain Meenakshi , Manocha Anisha , Sekhar Mudigonda Soma
Published: September 2024

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) resulting from uncontrolled activation of the alternate complement pathway. It is necessary to distinguish a recurrent aHUS posttransplant from de novo aHUS, as the former is usually associated with complement abnormalities and has a poorer prognosis. Furthermore, COVID-19 is believed to unmask underlying complement defects triggering a relapse of aHUS. In this report, we present one such unique histologic presentation of recurrent TMA following a COVID-19 infection, which was not just a diagnostic challenge but could easily have been misdiagnosed as an antibody-mediated rejection.
Descriptive analysis of medical negligence claims in septicemia patients: a review of Indian National Consumer Court judgments
Authors: Sethi Aakash A. , Shringarpure Kalpita K.
Published: September 2024

Background, Aims, and Objectives:

Patients admitted to intensive care units are at a higher risk of experiencing medical errors and have an increased likelihood of developing septicemia. Due to the high mortality associated with sepsis, doctors are more frequently sued for negligence. Patients alleging medical negligence in India can seek compensation through the National Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission (NCDRC). This study aims to analyze NCDRC cases where patients suffering from septicemia filed for negligence. In medical negligence cases filed by patients suffering from Septicemia, the objective is to find out the court’s outcome/verdict, the pattern of monetary compensation involved in the case, the legal standard of accepted care in the management of septicemia, and ways in which doctors can protect themselves from negligence claims, etc.

Materials and Methods:

This is a record review study in which judgments were obtained from www.scconline.com. The final analysis included cases where patients were diagnosed with sepsis based on medical records or postmortem reports. Qualitative data is presented as percentages, while quantitative data is expressed as a median with an interquartile range. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare qualitative variables.

Results:

A total of 34 judgments met the inclusion criteria, with the court ruling in favor of doctors in only eight cases. Surgical intervention (11 cases, 32.3%) was the most common cause of sepsis, followed by abdominal infection (14.7%). The outcome of the cases was not influenced by whether the doctor or patient initiated the lawsuit (Fisher exact probability = 0.49).

Conclusion:

The NCDRC found doctors negligent in most cases where patients with septicemia sued. Eventful surgery was identified as the most common cause of sepsis. The study suggests that doctors can protect themselves by promptly diagnosing post-surgical injuries to intra-abdominal organs and preventing the spread of local infections.
Prospects of emerging 3D bioprinting technologies: major startup companies and regulatory issues for human use—part II
Authors: Ghosh Prasanta K.
Published: September 2024

In its highly developed form, the evolving three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology aims to create 3D structures with living cells to mimic real tissue and organ functions. It would offer significant benefits across research, personalized medicine, and multiple other applications when adequately developed for human medicine. Presently, more technological activities are witnessed in North America, followed by Europe, Asia Pacific countries, Israel among the Middle East countries, and some South American countries. Around 75 commercial companies are active in 3D bioprinting, with only about a dozen making significant commercial progress. This number is expected to rise phenomenally as breakthroughs in manufacturing and the safe use of 3D bioprinted tissues and organs emerge. Legal frameworks for 3D bioprinting will likely be established, incorporating additions to existing drug laws once countries like the United States of America authorize using 3D bioprinted products in personalized medicine. The demand for 3D bioprinting products is rising based on expectations of future benefits. Therefore, intense research and development activities are ongoing, resulting in demands for the supply of research materials. The legal framework still needs to be put in place for the commercial use of 3D bioprinted tissues and organs in personalized medicine; therefore, laws are to be created for their safe use. This review provides a flavor of the evolution of 3D bioprinting startup companies globally using these technologies.
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Combined with Music Therapy on Brain Function and Mental Health of Patients with Aneurismal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Xiaoliang , Zhang Shengli , Ma Lihong , Wang Na , Song Wei
Published: September 2024

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), which is widely used in clinical practice, is aimed at improving nerve function impairment after brain injury. Meanwhile, the effects of music therapy on brain function are unclear. This retrospective study was conducted to explore the application effect of HBOT combined with music therapy on patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Methods: For this retrospective study, 130 patients with aSAH after HBOT were selected from our hospital from June 2021 to June 2022. The patients were divided into the observation (n = 70) and control (n = 60) groups based on whether they received music therapy. Comparisons were made on general demographic data, blood flow rate in median cerebral artery (MCA), cerebral vasospasm (CVS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), activities of daily living (ADL) score, Self-Rating Depressive Scale (SDS), and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) of patients. Results: Baseline data between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). After management, patients in the observation group presented significantly lower SAS and SDS scores (P < 0.05), lower blood flow rate in MCA, CVS and NIHSS scores (P < 0.05), and higher ADL scores than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The combination of HBOT and music therapy can considerably improve cerebral neurological deficits, slow down cerebral arterial blood flow, promote the recovery of postoperative cerebral function in aSAH patients, and improve anxiety and depression and the patients’ ADL.
Effects of the Combination of Noise Reduction Earplugs with White Noise and Rational Emotional Therapy on Emotional States of Inpatients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Yifei , Fei Jiandong , Zheng Yanan , Li Ping , Ren Xiaodong , An Yongzhu
Published: September 2024

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the effects of the combination of noise reduction earplugs with white noise and rational emotional therapy on the emotional states of inpatients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: The study selected 152 CRC patients who received inpatient treatment in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 as the research objects. According to different nursing intervention modes, these patients were divided into the observation group (OG, n = 73, conventional nursing + noise reduction earplugs with white noise + rational emotional therapy) and the control group (CG, n = 79, conventional nursing) to compare the emotional status, sleep quality, and other indicators between the two groups. Results: After 2 and 6 weeks of intervention, the severity of illness and global impression in the OG were notably lower than those in the CG. The OG had remarkably higher efficacy indexes than the CG (p < 0.05). The OG had overtly lower Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS) scores and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scores than the CG (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of noise reduction earplugs with white noise and rational emotional therapy can improve the emotion and sleep states of patients, with certain positive effects, which can be used as a potential nursing plan for CRC patients.
Association Between Perceived Noise Pollution and Sleep Quality: Findings from the 2018 Community Health Survey
Authors: Lee Sujin , Chung Jae Ho
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between sleep quality and perceived noise. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 185,246 adults (81,854 men and 103,392 women) participating in the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) was conducted. Subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while perceived noise pollutants were categorized into two groups: perceived noise pollution (n = 43,638) and perceived non-noise pollution (n = 141,608). We used chi-square tests and independent sample t tests to compare differences between the perceived noise group and the non-perceived noise group, as well as multivariate logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) for sleep quality variables. Results: The perceived noise pollution group had significantly poor psychosocial variables (stress, depression assessed by Patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)) than the perceived non-noise pollution group. Poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) was associated with perceived noise pollution (OR 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–1.36, P < 0.001). In addition, sleep quality (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.06–1.13, P < 0.001); sleep latency (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.09–1.14, P < 0.001); sleep duration (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.07–1.13, P < 0.001); sleep efficiency (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.16–1.25, P < 0.001); sleep disturbance (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.42–1.51, P < 0.001); sleep medication use (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.07–1.20, P = 0.002); and daytime dysfunction (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.20–1.26, P < 0.001) were associated with perceived noise pollution after confounding variables. Conclusion: Perceived noise pollution was significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Perceived noise annoyance could be used as a signal of health effects in the public community.
Novel Approach for Investigating the Effect of Music Therapy on Perioperative Anxiety and Postoperative Satisfaction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Lower-Limb Fracture Surgery Under Intravertebral Anesthesia: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Zhang Xuanxuan , Deng Chengfu , Zhao Hui
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study examines the effect of music therapy on perioperative anxiety and postoperative satisfaction in elderly patients undergoing lower-limb fracture surgery with intravertebral anesthesia to address the increasing incidence of such fractures and related surgical stress. Methods: Conducted from February 2022 to June 2023, this prospective study involved 120 elderly patients at the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command. They were divided into the Music group (n = 60, receiving relaxing music during surgery) and the Control group (n = 60, no music). We measured preoperative and postoperative anxiety by using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) along with intraoperative hemodynamic parameters and patient satisfaction postsurgery. Results: Both groups maintained stable heart rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and mean arterial pressure. However, the Music group displayed significantly lower systolic blood pressure at the beginning of the operation (T5), 5 minutes after the operation (T6) and at the end of the operation (T9) than the Control group. After the surgery, the Music group had notably lower VAS-A scores and saliva cortisol levels, indicating reduced anxiety. Additionally, this group reported higher satisfaction levels. Conclusions: Music therapy notably reduced postoperative anxiety and improves patient satisfaction in elderly patients undergoing lower-limb fracture surgery with intravertebral anesthesia. These findings endorse music therapy as a beneficial, non-invasive, and cost-effective method to ameliorate perioperative stress and a complementary approach to traditional medical care in surgical settings.
Effects of Music Therapy in the Context of Positive Emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning and Accomplishment (PERMA) on Negative Emotions in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Depression
Authors: Shan Juan , Qi Xiaowen
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study explores the effects of music therapy under the framework of positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) on the negative emotions and quality of life (QOL) in patients with digestive diseases and mild-to-moderate depression in a general hospital. Methods: From January 2020 to December 2021, 192 digestive diseases patients with mild-to-moderate depression who met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the control group (routine nursing, n = 90) and the observation group (music therapy under PERMA, n = 102). Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), General Well-being Scale, and a 36-item short-form health survey were used to evaluate the negative emotions and QOL of patients. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: At baseline, the general data and the type of digestive disease of the two groups were similar, and no significant difference was noted in the HAMA and HAMD-17 scores (P > 0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the HAMA and HAMD-17 scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). In terms of subjective well-being and QOL, the scores of the four dimensions of “satisfaction and interest in life,” “melancholy and cheerful mood,” “control of emotional behavior” and “relaxation and tension” in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In the dimension of “body pain” of QOL, the score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Among patients in a general hospital with digestive diseases and mild-to-moderate depression, music therapy under the framework of PERMA shows significant positive effects in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms and improving subjective well-being and specific QOL dimensions.