bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An anti‐hair loss treatment in the management of mild androgenetic alopecia: Results from a large, international observational study
Authors: Reygagne Pascal , Mandel Victor Desmond , Delva Catherine , Havlíčková Michaela , Padlewska Kamila , Khalil Rose , Meuleman Veronique , Miranda Gilberto Adame , Nevskaya Mariya , Michelet Jean‐Francois , Pouradier Florence , Vano‐Galvan Sergio , Kerob Delphine
Published: September 2021

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a common and chronic condition. It may impact self‐esteem, self‐image and quality of life. Benefit, tolerability, cosmetic acceptance and patient satisfaction are key to ensure good treatment outcome. Hair loss improvement and hair quality with AC5 (2,4‐Diamino‐Pyrimidine‐N‐Oxyde, arginine, 6‐O glucose linoleate (SP94), piroctone olamine and Vichy mineralizing water) once daily was assessed in 527 subjects with mild AGA in an open‐label, observational, international real‐life study. After 3 months, investigators evaluated the impact of AC5 on hair loss, product satisfaction and asked subjects about local tolerance; subjects assessed hair growth and quality and satisfaction. Data from 357 subjects were evaluable for the benefit analysis; 59.9% of subjects were female; the mean age was 33.6±8.7 years. Duration of hair loss was 1.62±2.24 years. 71.3% of women had a Ludwig score of 1 and 40.8% of men had a Hamilton Norwood score of 2. At the end of study, hair loss was reduced in 89.0% of subjects; it was slightly higher in women (92.5%) than in men (83.8%). Subject satisfaction on a scale from 0 (not satisfied at all) to 10 (completely satisfied) was 7.9±1.7. Tolerance was rated good to very good by 98.6% of all subjects. In conclusion, AC5 reduces mild AGA in both men and women with a pleasant texture. AC5 was well tolerated and highly appreciated.
SMASH‐U aetiological classification: A predictor of long‐term functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Jia Yuchao , Li Guo , Song Guini , Ye Xiaodong , Yang Yuyan , Lu Kai , Huang Shanshan , Zhu Suiqiang
Published: September 2021

Background

SMASH‐U is a systematic aetiological classification system for intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) proven to be a predictor of post‐ICH haematoma expansion and mortality. However, its role in predicting functional outcome remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether SMASH‐U is associated with long‐term functional outcome after ICH and improves the accuracy of prediction when added to max‐ICH score.

Methods

Consecutive acute ICH patients from 2012 to 2018 from the neurology department of Tongji Hospital were enrolled. ICH aetiology was classified according to the SMASH‐U system. The association of SMASH‐U with 12‐month functional outcome after ICH and the predictive value were evaluated.

Results

Of 1938 ICH patients, the aetiology of 1295 (66.8%) patients were classified as hypertension, followed by amyloid angiopathy (n = 250, 12.9%), undetermined (n = 159, 8.2%), structural lesions (n = 149, 7.7%), systemic disease (n = 74, 3.8%) and medication (n = 11, 0.6%). The baseline characteristics were different among the six aetiologies. In multivariate analysis, SMASH‐U was proven to be a predictor of 12‐month unfavourable functional outcome. When adding the SMASH‐U system, the predictive performance of max‐ICH score was improved (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.802 to 0.812, p = 0.010) and the predictive accuracy was enhanced (integrated discrimination improvement [IDI]: 1.60%, p < 0.001; continuous net reclassification improvement [NRI]: 28.16%, p < 0.001; categorical NRI: 3.34%, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

SMASH‐U predicted long‐term unfavourable functional outcomes after acute ICH and improved the accuracy of prediction when added to max‐ICH score. Integrating the aetiology to a score model to predict the post‐ICH outcome may be meaningful and worthy of further exploration.
Has European corporatism delivered? A survey with preliminary evidence
Authors: Rajgopal Shiva
Published: September 2021

I ask whether European firms' investments in stakeholder welfare come at the cost of lower shareholder value. Focusing on the largest 50 public firms in four European countries, I find a valuation discount in the Tobin's Q of continental European firms relative to matched US firms. The valuation discount is correlated with presence of large block holders in European firms but not with the poorer disclosure record of US firms on the environmental (E) and social (S) dimensions. In sum, poorer governance (G) in continental Europe appears to destroy more shareholder value than better E and S disclosure can add.
FISHMORPH: A global database on morphological traits of freshwater fishes
Authors: Brosse Sébastien , Charpin Nicolas , Su Guohuan , Toussaint Aurèle , Herrera‐R Guido A. , Tedesco Pablo A. , Villéger Sébastien
Published: September 2021

Motivation

Global freshwater fish biodiversity and the responses of fishes to global changes have been explored intensively using taxonomic data, whereas functional aspects remain understudied owing to the lack of knowledge for most species. To fill this gap, we compiled morphological traits related to locomotion and feeding for the world freshwater fish fauna based on pictures and scientific drawings available from the literature.

Main types of variables contained

The database includes 10 morphological traits measured on 8,342 freshwater fish species, covering 48.69% of the world freshwater fish fauna.

Spatial location and grain

Global.

Major taxa and level of measurement

The database considers ray‐finned fishes (class Actinopterygii). Measurements were made at the species level.

Software format

.csv.

Main conclusion

The FISHMORPH database provides the most comprehensive database on fish morphological traits to date. It represents an essential source of information for ecologists and environmental managers seeking to consider morphological patterns of fish faunas throughout the globe, and for those interested in current and future impacts of human activities on the morphological structure of fish assemblages. Given the high threat status of freshwater environments and the biodiversity they host, we believe this database will be of great interest for future studies on freshwater ecology research and conservation.
Sequential therapy including regorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Effect of early relative changes in hepatic functional reserve after regorafenib administration on prognosis
Authors: Ochi Hironori , Tani Joji , Tomonari Tetsu , Taniguchi Tatsuya , Koizumi Yohei , Hirose Akira , Ogawa Chikara , Hiraoka Atsushi , Morishita Akihiro , Moriya Akio , Hirooka Masashi , Deguchi Akihiro , SYMPLE Study Group
Published: September 2021

Aim

Regorafenib is a second‐line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after sorafenib‐refractory treatment. This study examined the effects of regorafenib administration on hepatic functional reserve and the treatment course after regorafenib discontinuation.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter study involved 51 patients treated with regorafenib after sorafenib‐refractory treatment for u‐HCC at seven institutions before March 2021.

Results

Fourteen, 13, and 24 patients were classified based on modified albumin–bilirubin (mALBI) grade 1, 2a, and 2b, respectively. The median survival time and progression‐free survival were 16.7 and 3.3 months, respectively. Only mALBI grade 2b or 3 was significantly associated with survival rate (hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–4.49; p = 0.047). A comparison of median ALBI scores at the initiation of regorafenib (−2.35) with those at 4 weeks (−1.93) revealed a significant relative change (p = 0.0001). After 4 weeks, grade 1 or 2a persisted in 15 patients (Group 1); grade 1 or 2a deteriorated to 2b in 12 patients (Group 2); grade 2b or 3 before regorafenib administration was present in 22 patients (Group 3); and MST was 33.3, 12.8, and 11.3 months in the three groups, respectively (p = 0.05). Patients treated with lenvatinib (LEN) (n = 27, MST = 23.4 months) after regorafenib had a significantly longer survival time from regorafenib initiation than those not treated with LEN (n = 24, 11.8 months; p = 0.043).

Conclusions

Hepatic functional reserve significantly declined after regorafenib administration. During regorafenib treatment, favorable hepatic functional reserve before administration and maintenance of favorable hepatic reserve after administration lead to prolonged prognosis.
Geolocators reveal variation and sex‐specific differences in the migratory strategies of a long‐distance migrant
Authors: Bell Fraser , Bearhop Stuart , Briedis Martins , El Harouchi Myriam , Bell Sophie C. , Castello Joan , Burgess Malcolm
Published: September 2021

Songbird populations are in decline all over the world, and our understanding of the causal mechanisms remains surprisingly limited. It is important to identify the extent of individual variations in migratory behaviour to better understand species' ability to respond to environmental change. We describe the annual migratory behaviour of British breeding European Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca by using light‐recording geolocators. During both autumn and spring migrations, individuals used previously unknown staging areas on the Iberian Peninsula and northern West Africa. Furthermore, partial sex‐specific segregation in the location of non‐breeding areas was observed within West Africa, with females located west of males. We also found sex‐based phenological differences, with females staying longer in non‐breeding areas and undertaking the spring Sahara Desert crossing later than males. Irrespective of sex, multiple use of the two predominant staging regions was identified during both migrations, with 63% of individuals stopping more than once in these regions. We also identified instances of migratory behaviours rarely documented in individually tracked songbirds. These include making daytime landfall during the Sahara crossing, and a case of a temporary retreat migration, with an individual aborting a spring Sahara crossing before making a second successful crossing 14 days later. Together, our results show variability in migratory behaviour both between sexes and between individuals. For Pied Flycatchers, such flexible migratory behaviour may increase their resilience to environmental change.
Effects and function mechanism of Fe‐containing additives on SiC synthesis with silicon cutting waste
Authors: Gao Shuaibo , Jiang Shengnan , Xing Pengfei
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, a great amount of silicon cutting waste (SCW) are being generated, which lead to a heavy environmental burden as well as a high cost of the photovoltaic industry. In this paper, the effects of Fe‐containing additives and their function mechanism on recycling SCW to synthesize high‐purity SiC were studied. The results show that Fe‐containing additives, including Fe, Fe2O3, and Fe(NO3)3, have obvious effect on recycling SCW to synthesize SiC. And Fe(NO3)3 additive achieves the best effect. Fe(NO3)3 can effectively destroy the SiO2 film wrapped on the Si particles, so that expose the inner Si to C at lower temperatures than that of the reaction between C and SiO2. Besides, Fe(NO3)3 additive can effectively reduce the activation energy both for Si and C reactions and SiO2 and C reactions, and contribute to the transport of the raw materials as well as the dissolution and precipitation of Si and C due to the formation of the FeSi melt at low temperatures. The optimal processing conditions are determined as Fe(NO3)3 addition of 1–3 wt.% and smelting temperature of 1200–1300℃.
In situ observation of evolution of internal structure of alumina during sintering by swept‐source OCT
Authors: Takahashi Takuma , Sakamoto Fumika , Tatami Junichi , Iijima Motoyuki
Published: September 2021

In situ observation of sintering of ceramics is important to understand the sintering behavior, including the development of internal structures, and to fabricate ceramics with superior properties. However, there has been no studies thus far on high‐speed in situ observation of the internal structure of green and sintered bodies at high temperatures with micrometer‐scale resolution. Here, we applied swept‐source optical coherence tomography (OCT) to observe the evolution of the internal structure in Al2O3 green bodies during sintering. In situ OCT observations revealed that internal structure changes during sintering, such as the development of density distribution and growth of coarser pores. We could also obtain the sintering shrinkage ratio and relative density from the OCT images. The OCT observation of the internal structure during sintering of green bodies with added or stacked granules of different primary particle sizes confirmed that inhomogeneous regions developed as the densification progressed at high temperatures. These results indicate that in situ observation of the sintering behavior of ceramic green bodies using swept‐source OCT is a novel technique that facilitates real‐time observation of the evolution of the internal structure during sintering.
Hospital admissions and place of death of residents of care homes receiving specialist healthcare services: A systematic review without meta‐analysis
Authors: Buck Deborah , Tucker Sue , Roe Brenda , Hughes Jane , Challis David
Published: September 2021

Aim

To synthesize evidence on the ability of specialist care home support services to prevent hospital admission of older care home residents, including at end of life.

Design

Systematic review, without meta‐analysis, with vote counting based on direction of effect.

Data sources

Fourteen electronic databases were searched from January 2010 to January 2019. Reference lists of identified reviews, study protocols and included documents were scrutinized for further studies.

Review methods

Papers on the provision of specialist care home support that addressed older, long‐term care home residents’ physical health needs and provided comparative data on hospital admissions were included. Two reviewers undertook study selection and quality appraisal independently. Vote counting by direction of effect and binomial tests determined service effectiveness.

Results

Electronic searches identified 79 relevant references. Combined with 19 citations from an earlier review, this gave 98 individual references relating to 92 studies. Most were from the UK (22), USA (22) and Australia (19). Twenty studies were randomized controlled trials and six clinical controlled trials. The review suggested interventions addressing residents’ general health needs (p < .001), assessment and management services (p < .0001) and non‐training initiatives involving medical staff (p < .0001) can reduce hospital admissions, while there was also promising evidence for services targeting residents at imminent risk of hospital entry or post‐hospital discharge and training‐only initiatives. End‐of‐life care services may enable residents to remain in the home at end of life (p < .001), but the high number of weak‐rated studies undermined confidence in this result.

Conclusion

This review suggests specialist care home support services can reduce hospital admissions. More robust studies of services for residents at end of life are urgently needed.

Impact

The review addressed the policy imperative to reduce the avoidable hospital admission of older care home residents and provides important evidence to inform service design. The findings are of relevance to commissioners, providers and residents.
The core qualities and competencies of the intensive and critical care nurse, a meta‐ethnography
Authors: Henriksen Kjersti Forbech , Hansen Britt Sætre , Wøien Hilde , Tønnessen Siri
Published: September 2021

Aim

To develop a conceptual framework of the core qualities and competencies of the intensive and critical care nurse based on the experiences of intensive care patients, their relatives and the intensive and critical care nurses.

Design

Meta‐ethnography.

Data sources

A comprehensive, systematic search in seven databases supplemented with hand, citation and reference search. Sources published from 2007 to 2019 were included.

Review Methods

Noblit and Hare's understanding of meta‐ethnography and the work of the eMERGE project have directed the synthesis.

Results

Nineteen studies were included and synthesized into a conceptual framework. Overarching theme: ‘feeling safe and being safe’, subtheme: ‘creating confidence and motivation’ and conceptual categories (CCs): ‘technical skills and biophysical knowledge’; ‘inter/intra professional teamwork skills’; ‘communication skills (with patients and their relatives)’; ‘constant and attentive bedside presence’; ‘creating participative care’; ‘creating confidence through daily care’; ‘creating a good atmosphere and having a supportive and encouraging attitude’; and ‘building relationship to maintain self‐esteem’.

Conclusion

By including the perspectives of intensive care patients, their relatives and intensive and critical care nurses, the core qualities and competencies comprise elements of both patient safety and the feeling of safety. The framework outlines concepts necessary to ensure person‐centred and safe intensive care. Further research should involve each perspective to validate and strengthen the findings.

Impact

The development of standards and competence guidelines expressing the learning outcomes and qualification of intensive and critical care nurses should be based on input from intensive care patients, their relatives and intensive and critical care nurses. A variety of core qualities and competencies are necessary to create confidence and motivation, and to make the patient feel safe and be safe. This conceptual framework might form a basis for development of a program or assessment tool to facilitate excellence in education and practice in intensive care.
Triage assessment of transitory loss of consciousness in the emergency department—A retrospective observational study
Authors: Zaboli Arian , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Sibilio Serena , Paulmichl Rupert , Toccolini Elia , Pfeifer Norbert , Brigo Francesco , Turcato Gianni
Published: September 2021

Aim

To establish how the Manchester Triage System can correctly prioritize patients admitted to the emergency department for transitory loss of consciousness in relation to their risk of presenting severe acute disease.

Design

A observational retrospective study.

Methods

A total of 2291 patients who required a triage evaluation for a transitory loss of consciousness at the emergency department of Merano Hospital between 1 January 2017 and 30 June 2019 were considered. Transitory loss of consciousness was classified according to European Society of Cardiology guidelines. The baseline characteristics of the patients were collected and divided according to the priority level assigned at triage into two different study groups: high priority (red/orange) and low priority (blue/green/yellow). The composite outcome of the study was defined as the diagnosis of a severe acute disease.

Results

Of the patients enrolled, 17% (390/2291) had a high‐priority code and 83% (1901/2291) received a low‐priority code. Overall, a severe acute disease was present in 16.9% of patients (387/2291). The Manchester Triage System had a sensitivity of 42.4%, a specificity of 88.1% and an accuracy of 80.4% for predicting severe acute disease. The discriminatory ability had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.651 (CI 95%: 0.618–0.685).

Conclusions

Despite the good specificity, the low sensitivity does not currently allow the Manchester Triage System to completely exclude patients with a severe acute disease who presented in the emergency department for a transitory loss of consciousness. Therefore, it is important to develop precise nursing tools or assessments that can improve triage performance.

Impact

The assessment of a complex symptom can create difficulties in the stratification of patients in triage, assigning low‐priority codes to patients with a severe disease. Additional tools are needed to allow the correct triage assessment of patients presenting with transitory loss of consciousness.
Nitazoxanide induced myocardial injury in zebrafish embryos by activating oxidative stress response
Authors: Gong Fanghua , Shen Tianzhu , Zhang Jiangnan , Wang Xuye , Fan Guoqiang , Che Xiaofang , Xu Zhaopeng , Jia Kun , Huang Yong , Li Xiaokun , Lu Huiqiang
Published: September 2021

Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a broad‐spectrum antiparasitic and antiviral drug (thiazole). However, although NTZ has been extensively used, there are no reports concerning its toxicology in vertebrates. This study used the zebrafish as a vertebrate model to evaluate the safety of NTZ and to analyse the related molecular mechanisms. The experimental results showed that zebrafish embryos exposed to NTZ had cardiac malformation and dysfunction. NTZ also significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Transcriptomic analysis used compared gene expression levels between zebrafish embryos in the NTZ treatment and the control groups identified 200 upregulated genes and 232 downregulated genes. Analysis by Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) showed that signal pathways on cardiomyocyte development were inhibited while the oxidative stress pathways were activated. Further experiments showed that NTZ increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hearts of zebrafish. Antioxidant gadofullerene nanoparticles (GFNPs) significantly alleviated the developmental toxicity to the heart, indicating that NTZ activated the oxidative stress response to cause embryonic cardiomyocyte injury in zebrafish. This study provides evidence that NTZ causes developmental abnormalities in the cardiovascular system of zebrafish.
From anxiety to control: Mask‐wearing, perceived marketplace influence, and emotional well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Schneider Abigail B. , Leonard Bridget
Published: September 2021

Mask‐wearing has been one of the most prominent, conflicted, and deeply divided issues in the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Across two studies, we seek to understand how beliefs and behaviors around mask‐wearing are associated with the relationship between anxiety about the coronavirus and feelings of control over one's health outcomes during the pandemic. In Study 1, we find that beliefs in the response efficacy of mask‐wearing moderate the relationship between anxiety and control. Study 2 extends these results by investigating the underlying process. Specifically, we find that the relationship between anxiety and control is mediated by self‐reported mask‐wearing behavior and that the relationship between anxiety and mask‐wearing behavior is moderated by consumers' perceived marketplace influence. These findings have important public policy and marketing implications in the context of physical, emotional, and economic well‐being.
Minority Stress, Coping, and Transgender Youth in Schools—Results from the Resilience and Transgender Youth Study
Authors: Johns Michelle M. , Zamantakis Alithia , Andrzejewski Jack , Boyce Lorin , Rasberry Catherine N. , Jayne Paula E.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Transgender youth report high rates of negative experiences in schools. Using a lens of minority stress, this study sought to examine in‐school experiences of transgender youth to understand youth coping and to identify key opportunities for improving school environments for transgender youth.

METHODS

Participants included 41 youth across 33 in‐depth interviews (Mage = 21.7) and two focus groups (N = 8; Mage = 17.3). Thematic analysis was used to analyze data. Themes related to stress, coping, and facilitators/barriers to stress/coping were derived and coded.

RESULTS

Distal stressors, such as structural discrimination and prejudice events, were found to contribute to the exclusion of transgender youth from school life, while proximal stressors, such as concealment and expectations of rejection, reinforced transgender youth's feelings of personal isolation. Participants expressed coping with both challenges by advocating for inclusion through direct action with teachers and administrators and seeking/finding connection with trusted staff and peers.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest that creating safe and supportive environments at school for transgender youth is an attainable goal, as all identified barriers to inclusivity and connection were modifiable. By considering the needs of transgender youth in policies and programming, schools may improve climate for and wellbeing of transgender students.
Corporate tax cuts in a Schumpeterian growth model with an endogenous market structure
Authors: Suzuki Keishun
Published: September 2021

Schumpeterian theory simply predicts a negative relationship between corporate income tax and the economic growth rate because this tax decreases innovation rewards. However, empirical evidence for the effect of corporate tax on the growth rate is mixed. To fill this gap, this paper presents a Schumpeterian growth model with an endogenous market structure that generates an ambiguous relationship between the corporate tax rate and the growth rate. We analytically find that the relationship between the corporate tax rate and the growth rate can be either inverted U‐shaped or negative. In our endogenous market structure model, corporate tax cuts make the market more competitive and increase the costs of employing researchers through labor market equilibrium. Consequently, these two effects may dominate the Schumpeterian effect. In this case, a corporate tax cut may decrease economic growth.
The ambivalent role of monetary sales incentives in service innovation selling
Authors: Alavi Sascha , Böhm Eva , Habel Johannes , Wieseke Jan , Schmitz Christian , Brüggemann Felix
Published: September 2021

Complex service innovations constitute a cornerstone in the strategy of numerous industrial companies. The industrial sales force assumes an important role in the selling of these complex service innovations. For firms a key challenge in this respect resides in ensuring the sales force's motivation for the selling of such innovations and effectively solving customers’ business problems. Past research frequently discussed monetary sales incentives as an effective tool to reinforce desired employee behaviors, but, to date, the discussion has failed to produce conclusive guidance for practitioners as to whether monetary sales incentives in fact can facilitate selling of complex service innovations. To clarify the effects of monetary sales incentives in this respect, we draw on self‐focus theory to disentangle how complex service innovation selling is shaped by the interplay of salesperson service incentives (i.e., the extent to which variable compensation depends on service turnover) and salesperson share of variable compensation (i.e., the percentage of compensation that depends on performance). To test these interactive effects, we use a multiple‐source data set including 294 salespeople, and match objective firm data. The results reveal that when service incentives are high, the share of variable compensation exhibits an inverse u‐shaped effect on a salesperson's problem‐solving behavior, which is an important predictor of innovative service selling success. In addition, the share of variable compensation increases work effort, which in turn drives innovative service selling success. These findings shed light on the intricate “human”, employee‐related side of service innovation management and provide actionable implications for managers how to increase their firms’ innovative service selling success.
Genetic trade‐offs underlie divergent life history strategies for local adaptation in white clover
Authors: Wright Sara J. , Goad David M. , Gross Briana L. , Muñoz Patricio R. , Olsen Kenneth M.
Published: September 2021

Local adaptation is common in plants, yet characterization of its underlying genetic basis is rare in herbaceous perennials. Moreover, while many plant species exhibit intraspecific chemical defence polymorphisms, their importance for local adaptation remains poorly understood. We examined the genetic architecture of local adaptation in a perennial, obligately‐outcrossing herbaceous legume, white clover (Trifolium repens). This widespread species displays a well‐studied chemical defence polymorphism for cyanogenesis (HCN release following tissue damage) and has evolved climate‐associated cyanogenesis clines throughout its range. Two biparental F2 mapping populations, derived from three parents collected in environments spanning the U.S. latitudinal species range (Duluth, MN, St. Louis, MO and Gainesville, FL), were grown in triplicate for two years in reciprocal common garden experiments in the parental environments (6,012 total plants). Vegetative growth and reproductive fitness traits displayed trade‐offs across reciprocal environments, indicating local adaptation. Genetic mapping of fitness traits revealed a genetic architecture characterized by allelic trade‐offs between environments, with 100% and 80% of fitness QTL in the two mapping populations showing significant QTL×E interactions, consistent with antagonistic pleiotropy. Across the genome there were three hotspots of QTL colocalization. Unexpectedly, we found little evidence that the cyanogenesis polymorphism contributes to local adaptation. Instead, divergent life history strategies in reciprocal environments were major fitness determinants: selection favoured early investment in flowering at the cost of multiyear survival in the southernmost site versus delayed flowering and multiyear persistence in the northern environments. Our findings demonstrate that multilocus genetic trade‐offs contribute to contrasting life history characteristics that allow for local adaptation in this outcrossing herbaceous perennial.
Development and validation of a daily assessment tool for critically ill patients
Authors: Mahran Ghada Shalaby Khalaf , Tolba Asmaa Atiaa , Abbas Mostafa Samy , Thabet Amr Mohamed Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Background

Patients in intensive care units require comprehensive care. Hence, improving health care quality depends on accurate assessment and documentation.

Aim

To develop and validate the content of an assessment sheet for critically ill patients.

Study Design and Methods

A Delphi design study was conducted between January and March 2020. The content validity index (CVI) was used to calculate the degree of agreement among the experts to analyse the instrument and the entire set of items. Content validity was determined by seven experts (three critical care nursing professionals, two critical care doctors, and two anaesthesiologists) using a four‐point Likert scale. They evaluated the items in terms of the following: 1 = “irrelevant,” 2 = “somewhat relevant if the phrasing is profoundly adjusted,” 3 = “relevant with some adjustment as to phrasing,” and 4 = “very relevant.” The CVI was applied, and the accepted value was ≥0.50.

Results

Three rounds of evaluation were required to achieve the minimum index. The items were reviewed for content and face validity. The instrument was validated with 86 items with a total CVI of 0.90, a face validity of 1, and a scale‐level content validity index/universal agreement calculation method (S‐CVI/UA) value of 0.813.

Conclusion

This instrument can help nurses, doctors, academics, and students assess patients in intensive care units.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The daily assessment tool may provide a systematic and consistent approach to critically ill patients' assessment to guide interventions.
Can bacterial type III effectors mediate pathogen–plant–microbiota ternary interactions?
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Cai Jun , Li Xiaoxu , Yu Feng , Wu Dousheng
Published: September 2021

Bacterial pathogens use a type III secretion system to directly inject effector proteins into plant cells promoting infection. The molecular function and virulence contribution of type III effectors have been exclusively studied in binary plant‐pathogen interactions. However, the recent explosion of microbiome research in plants has profoundly altered our perspective on plant‐pathogen interactions. Here we hypothesize that type III effectors manipulate the microbiota composition by mediating ternary pathogen‐plant‐microbiota interactions. Our hypothesis will open new doors to study the biological functions of type III effectors and provide basis to develop new strategies for plant disease control.
Hemophagocytic syndrome triggered by donor‐transmitted toxoplasmosis as a complication in same‐donor recipients of renal transplantation: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Valdés Francí Elena , Perez Flores Isabel , Candel Francisco Javier , Moreno de la Higuera María Angeles , Romero Natividad Calvo , Rodríguez Cubillo Beatriz , Lucena Valverde Rafael , Sánchez Fructuoso Ana Isabel
Published: September 2021

Background

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is an infrequent complication of transplantation caused by an inflammatory response with a benign proliferation of macrophages and defective lytic capability of T lymphocytes and NK cells that can lead to multiorgan failure. Transplant patients are particularly exposed as a result of the increased risk of both infections and malignancies derived from immunosuppressive drugs. There is no consensus for therapy or immunosuppression; mortality is high. We report a case and present a review of all cases of HPS occurring in solid organ transplant recipients. 

Case report

We report two cases of infection by Toxoplasma gondii transmitted by the kidney allograft. One of the recipients was seronegative before transplantation and developed disseminated primary toxoplasmosis. An immune reaction compatible with an HPS ensued. Both were treated with Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, immunosuppression was tapered, and after a 2‐week period a complete response was obtained.

Conclusion

HPS presents therapeutic challenges in the context of transplantation. If HPS is suspected, the search of a very likely underlying infection should be central to the management.
Management of ganciclovir resistance cytomegalovirus infection with CMV hyperimmune globulin and leflunomide in seven cardiothoracic transplant recipients and literature review
Authors: Santhanakrishnan Karthik , Yonan Nizar , Iyer Kapil , Callan Paul , Al‐aloul Mohamed , Venkateswaran Rajamiyer
Published: September 2021

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease caused by genetically resistant CMV poses a major challenge in solid organ transplant recipients, and the development of resistance is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Antiviral resistance affects 5%–12% of patients following ganciclovir (GCV) therapy, but is more common in individuals with specific underlying risk factors. These include the CMV D+R‐ serostatus, type of transplanted organ, dose and duration of (Val)GCV ([V]GCV) prophylaxis, peak viral loads, and the intensity of immunosuppressive therapy. Guideline recommendations for the management of GCV resistance (GanR) in solid organ transplant recipients are based on expert opinion as there is a lack of data from controlled trials. Second‐line options to treat GanR include foscarnet (FOS) and cidofovir (CDV), but these drugs are often poorly tolerated due to high rates of toxicity, such as renal dysfunction and neutropenia. Here, we report seven cardiothoracic transplant recipients with GCV resistance CMV infection from our centre treated with CMV immunoglobulin (CMVIG) +/‐ leflunomide (LEF) and reviewed the literature on the use of these agents in this therapeutic setting.
A systematic review of Sec24 cargo interactome
Authors: Chatterjee Sharanya , Choi Ana Jeemin , Frankel Gad
Published: September 2021

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐to‐Golgi trafficking is an essential and highly conserved cellular process. The coat protein complex‐II (COPII) arm of the trafficking machinery incorporates a wide array of cargo proteins into vesicles through direct or indirect interactions with Sec24, the principal subunit of the COPII coat. Approximately one‐third of all mammalian proteins rely on the COPII‐mediated secretory pathway for membrane insertion or secretion. There are four mammalian Sec24 paralogs and three yeast Sec24 paralogs with emerging evidence of paralog‐specific cargo interaction motifs. Furthermore, individual paralogs also differ in their affinity for a subset of sorting motifs present on cargo proteins. As with many aspects of protein trafficking, we lack a systematic and thorough understanding of the interaction of Sec24 with cargoes. This systematic review focuses on the current knowledge of cargo binding to both yeast and mammalian Sec24 paralogs and their ER export motifs. The analyses show that Sec24 paralog specificity of cargo (and cargo receptors) range from exclusive paralog dependence or preference to partial redundancy. We also discuss how the Sec24 secretion system is hijacked by viral (eg, VSV‐G, Hepatitis B envelope protein) and bacterial (eg, the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli type III secretion system effector NleA/EspI) pathogens.
Effectiveness of aromatherapy versus standard care on physiological and psychological symptoms in pregnant women: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Mascarenhas Victor Hugo Alves , Caroci-Becker Adriana , Riesco Maria Luiza
Published: September 2021

Objective:

This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy versus standard care on common physiological and psychological symptoms in low-risk pregnant women.

Introduction:

Women report common symptoms that result from anatomical and physiological changes significant for fetal development and maternal-fetal protection during pregnancy. Aromatherapy is an integrative and complementary practice of ancient origin that works through the administration of essential oils. The practice is used to promote physical and psychological well-being.

Inclusion criteria:

This systematic review will include studies on healthy pregnant women before labor who received aromatherapy as antenatal care for common physiological and psychological symptoms. Randomized clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies, cohort, and case-control studies will be included. This review will exclude studies that focus on women in labor unless data relating to pregnant women can be separated.

Methods:

The searches will be carried out on the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, LILACS, BDENF, CUIDEN, and MOSAICO in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, with no date limit. The searches for unpublished studies will be carried out on the following repositories: ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, British Library EThOS, and the Canadian Theses and Dissertation Portal. The JBI approach will be used for study selection, critical evaluation, data extraction, and synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42020218730
A Review of Preparation and Tribological Applications of Pickering Emulsion
Authors: Bao Yichen , Liu Kai , Zheng Quan , Yao Lulu , Xu Yufu
Published: September 2021

Pickering emulsion is a new type of stable emulsion made by ultrafine solid particles instead of traditional surfactants as stabilizers, which has received widespread attention in recent years. The preparation methods of stator-rotor homogenization, high-pressure homogenization, and ultrasonic emulsification were compared with others in this work. The main factors affecting the stability of Pickering emulsion are the surface humidity of the solid particles, the polarity of the oil phase, and the oil–water ratio. These factors could affect the nature of the solid particles, the preparation process of Pickering emulsion, and the external environment. Consequently, the long-term stability of Pickering emulsion is still a challenge. The tribological investigations of Pickering emulsion were summarized, and the multifunctional Pickering emulsion shows superior prospects for tribological applications. Moreover, the latest development of Pickering emulsion offers a new strategy for smart lubrication in the near future.
Calibration methods and facilities for vector receivers using a laser Doppler vibrometer in the frequency range 20 Hz to 10 kHz
Authors: Jia Guanghui , Chen Yi , Wang Shiquan , Yang Liuqing , Wang Weiyin
Published: September 2021

Calibration methods and facilities have been employed to directly obtain sensitivities of an underwater acoustic vector receiver using two methods based on laser Doppler vibrometry. The vector receiver was first calibrated in a standing wave tube over the frequency range 20 Hz to 2 kHz, where the oscillatory velocity of the water-air interface was measured to determine the sound particle velocity at the position of vector receiver based on waveguide theory. In the frequency range 2.5–10 kHz, the vector receiver was calibrated in an anechoic vessel with dimensions of 1.2 m diameter × 1.8 m length using wideband signals, with a laser Doppler vibrometer used to detect the oscillatory motion of a plastic pellicle, which was sufficiently thin to follow the acoustic particle motion. The uncertainties of the calibration using the optical method were estimated to be 0.7–0.8 dB at 95% confidence interval. The calibration results were compared with those obtained using a reciprocity method in a 50 m × 15 m × 10 m water tank and using a comparison method in a standing wave tube, and the largest deviation did not exceed 1.0 dB over the frequency range 20 Hz to 10 kHz.
Savoring Sport: Connections With Athlete Passion and Burnout
Authors: Schellenberg Benjamin J.I. , Verner-Filion Jérémie , Gaudreau Patrick
Published: September 2021

Athletes can respond to positive experiences in sport by engaging in savoring—that is, by attempting to prolong or amplify their positive feelings. In this research, the authors tested if savoring was predicted by levels of harmonious or obsessive passion for sport and if savoring was associated with symptoms of burnout. In Study 1 (n = 499), the authors found that savoring was positively associated with harmonious passion and negatively associated with obsessive passion. In addition, savoring predicted lower levels of burnout and played an indirect role in the relationship between both passion types and burnout. The authors replicated these findings in Study 2 (n = 298), with collegiate-level athletes, prospectively, over the course of a season. Overall, athletes with strong levels of harmonious passion appear to be most likely to engage in savoring, a response that may protect them from experiencing higher levels of burnout.
Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Sports Rehabilitation Adherence in Injured Volleyball Athletes: A Qualitative Study From Greece
Authors: Paraskevopoulos Eleftherios , Gioftsos Georgios , Georgoudis Georgios , Papandreou Maria
Published: September 2021

Adherence to exercise rehabilitation has been shown to be an important factor that may influence successful treatment. In professional athletes, a significant reduction in exercise adherence delays recovery. The aim of this study was to explore barriers to and facilitators of exercise rehabilitation adherence in injured volleyball athletes. Eight professional volleyball athletes were recruited, and qualitative data were collected using semistructured interviews. All athletes had completed their rehabilitation program after they had suffered a musculoskeletal injury. All data were analyzed using thematic analysis after the investigators ensured that saturation had been reached. Pain was identified as a significant barrier to exercise adherence by all athletes. The provision of social support, including mental, practical, and task related, also had a significant positive impact. The athletes’ ability to develop the necessary coping strategies and confidence on performing exercises at home was also mentioned as a factor that affected exercise adherence, although less often.
Cell patterning by secretion-induced plasma membrane flows
Authors: Gerganova Veneta , Lamas Iker , Rutkowski David M. , Vještica Aleksandar , Castro Daniela Gallo , Vincenzetti Vincent , Vavylonis Dimitrios , Martin Sophie G.
Published: September 2021

Exocytosis causes bulk membrane flows that drag associated proteins and form a negative feedback restricting the exocytic site.
Millimeter-scale chip–based supercontinuum generation for optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ji Xingchen , Mojahed Diana , Okawachi Yoshitomo , Gaeta Alexander L. , Hendon Christine P. , Lipson Michal
Published: September 2021

A supercontinuum source based on a 1-mm
2
Si
3
N
4
chip offers improved OCT imaging performance over commercial supercontinuum sources.
Establishment of strigolactone-producing bacterium-yeast consortium
Authors: Wu Sheng , Ma Xiaoqiang , Zhou Anqi , Valenzuela Alex , Zhou Kang , Li Yanran
Published: September 2021

Microbial production of phytohormone strigolactone is established by using an
E. coli
–yeast coculture strategy.
A rare case of COVID-19 vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopaenia (VITT) involving the veno-splanchnic and pulmonary arterial circulation, from a UK district general hospital
Authors: Asmat Huma , Fayeye Folusho , Alshakaty Hameed , Patel Jay
Published: September 2021

A 47-year-old woman presented with a headache to the acute medical unit, 10 days after receiving AstraZeneca vaccination for COVID-19. Brain imaging was normal, but her blood tests showed a remarkably low platelet count, mildly deranged liver function tests and a high D-dimer. Further within her hospital admission, she developed right-sided abdominal pain and chest pain, and subsequent cross-sectional imaging confirmed a small segmental pulmonary embolism, and an acute portal vein thrombosis extending to the splenic and superior mesenteric veins. On the basis of her investigations, she was diagnosed as a case of vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia and was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. In a time where there is a strategic goal to vaccinate the global population from COVID-19 to inhibit the spread of infection and reduce hospitalisation, this particular clinical scenario emphasises the need of all clinicians to remain vigilant for rare complications of the COVID-19 vaccination.