bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polycrate Amasis et l'anneau
Authors: Labarbe Jules
Published: December 2013

Le récit hérodotéen relatif à la rupture de Polycrate et d'Amasis est un conte dont la signification profonde ne doit être cherchée ni dans un rite d'alliance avec la mer, ni dans une opération de dactyliomancie, ni dans une tentative d'élimination d'un dangereux anneau magique. Ce qu'il met en évidence, c'est la notion de cachet, l'impossibilité où se serait trouvé le tyran de faire accepter par les dieux le sceau qui symbolisait son pouvoir monarchique et auquel il voulait donner la valeur d'une offrande compensatoire destinée à prévenir leur phthonos. En recueillant une tradition samienne qui, pour laver la mémoire de Polycrate, imputait à Amasis la dénonciation du traité, Hérodote ne s'est pas avisé qu'elle était en contradiction avec la chronologie de l'attaque perse contre l'Egypte et que, dans la réalité, Polycrate avait rompu avec le fils et successeur d'Amasis, Psammétique III.
L'idéologie dynastique des poèmes grecs de Xanthos
Authors: Savalli-Lestrade Ivana
Published: December 2013

Entre 480 et 375 av. J.-C, on voit s'épanouir dans la Lycie achéménide une multitude de dynastes indigènes. Ceux de la vallée du Xanthos se distinguent, entre autres, pour avoir laissé des monuments épigraphiques en grec. L'analyse de ces textes poétiques conduit à souligner le caractère éminemment hellénique de la représentation dynastique qu'ils véhiculent, à examiner la portée historique de ces proclamations et à préciser la nature des tensions existantes au sein de la dynastie : à la gestion familiale du pouvoir, sauvegardée par l'Harpagide, s'oppose l'affirmation exclusive de la transmission patrilinéaire de la part du dernier dynaste de Xanthos, le jeune Arbinas, vainqueur de son oncle Kherëi.
STM tip-assisted engineering of molecular nanostructures: PTCDA islands on Ge(001):H surfaces
Authors: Ahmad Zebari Amir A , Kolmer Marek , Prauzner-Bechcicki Jakub S
Published: December 2013

Islands composed of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) molecules are grown on a hydrogen passivated Ge(001):H surface. The islands are studied with room temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The spontaneous and tip-induced formation of the top-most layer of the island is presented. Assistance of the scanning probe seems to be one of the factors that facilitate and speed the process of formation of the top-most layer.
Consideraciones acerca de saber, sapiencia, sabencia, sabiduría, en la elaboración automática y en el estudio histórico del castellano medieval
Authors: Morreale Margherita
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
El encabalgamiento en la poesía de Fray Luis de León
Authors: Senabre Ricardo
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Los “Gozos” de la Virgen en el Libro de Juan Ruiz (II)
Authors: Morreale Margherita
Published: December 2013

No diponible.
Hacer potajes “calumniar”
Authors: González Ollé Fernando
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Quieta non movere (Notas a un artículo de Álvaro Galmés de Fuentes)
Authors: Hilty Gerold
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Sed magis amica veritas (Réplica a Gerold Hilty)
Authors: Galmés de Fuentes Álvaro
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
¿“Babel Rabbeta” versum in “Babilonia la Grande”?
Authors: Etreros Mercedes
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Más noticias sobre el Cancionero de Barrantes
Authors: Gómez Moreno A. , Alvar C.
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Del pretérito perfecto compuesto o de la importancia del contexto y de la cuantificación
Authors: Kock Josse de
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
El Libro de la Montería de Alfonso XI: nuevos manuscritos, nuevas fuentes
Authors: Seniff Dennis P.
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Algunas consideraciones en torno al Vocabulario y al Diccionario de Elio Antonio de Nebrija
Authors: García Macho María Lourdes
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
"Hacer del dedo", "apercibir del dedo" en el Libro de Buen Amor
Authors: Repiso Repiso Sigifredo
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
La modalidad (con especial referencia a la lengua española)
Authors: Otaola Olano Concepción
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Silva y soledad (análisis comparativo de algunos pasajes de Ginovés y Góngora)
Authors: Pérez Lasheras Antonio
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
De las Glosas emilianenses a Gonzalo de Berceo
Authors: Alvar Manuel
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Las denominaciones correspondientes a las lexías de la lengua estándar arroyo, torrentera, manantial y terreno pantanoso en Zamora, Salamanca y Ávila (I)
Authors: Llorente Maldonado de Guevara Antonio
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Nebrija, autoridad en el Tesoro de Covarrubias
Authors: Guerrero Ramos Gloria
Published: December 2013

Se ha dicho que las Introductiones nebrisenses devolvieron a la España bárbara los 'studia humanitatis', los únicos quehaceres dignos del hombre, y le abrieron el horizonte de una edad de oro, es decir, trajeron a la Península, el Renacimiento. Efectivamente, las Introductiones fueron el punto de partida del humanismo, pero no sólo ellas supusieron la entrada del mismo en España, sino toda la obra de Elio Antonio de Nebrija, especialmente su Gramática y sus Diccionarios. Nebrija no es sólo el primer gramático, sino que con el Vocabulario de romance en latín se convierte también en el primer lexicógrafo español. Se ha elegido el diccionario de Covarrubias como representante de la lexicografía monolingüe española, porque supone el inicio de la misma y simboliza, perfectamente, todo lo que la lexicografía española debe a Nebrija.
La princeps del Lazarillo, toda problemas
Authors: Ruffinatto Aldo
Published: December 2013

Para el autor de este trabajo, los datos que se desprenden de una correcta investigación ecdótica según el método de Lachmann nos llevan hacia esta única conclusión: la primera edición del Lazarillo se hizo con seguridad fuera de España en una época anterior a 1552-1553, y, posiblemente, en la oficina de Martín Nucio en Amberes, año de 1550.
Toponimia menor de Almuñécar (1491-1497)
Authors: Calero Palacios María del Carmen , Martínez Ruiz Juan
Published: December 2013

La edición y estudio paleográfico y codicológico del manuscrito del "Libro de Apeos" de Almuñecar ha sido base fundamental del presente estudio. En los Apeos y Repartimientos intervienen mudéjares o moriscos que mencionan los nombres de los pagos, fincas, ríos, huertos... al mismo tiempo que un intérprete de lengua arábiga interviene facilitando a los escribanos la correcta transcripción de dichos nombres en lengua castellana. El citado "Libro de Apeos", de los años 1491-1497, ha recogido un repertorio de topónimos y antropónimos ciertamente valioso; el presente estudio ofrece un interesante repertorio de topónimos mozárabes y árabes.
Los glosarios de 1553 de A. de Ulloa
Authors: Nieto Jiménez Lidio
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Vida y obra del licenciado Cosme Gómez de Tejada y de los Reyes (1593-1648)
Authors: Madroñal Durán Abraham
Published: December 2013

Es Cosme Gómez de Tejada y de los Reyes un escritor toledano del siglo XVII doblemente conocido; por una parte, como autor de una Historia de Talavera, aunque inédita, famosa porque la preparación cultural de su autor la hizo más científica y fiable que otras de escritores más o menos aficionados y amantes de su patria chica; por otra parte, Gómez de Tejada es conocido en los círculos literarios como autor del León prodigioso, novela alegórica donde se critica la poética del culteranismo. A pesar de esta significación doble que tiene nuestro escritor, poco se sabe sobre su vida y obras. Este artículo indaga en ellas.
Notas léxicas: acetrería, altanería, cetrería, halconería y volatería
Authors: Fradejas Rueda José Manuel
Published: December 2013

El método de caza que consiste en lanzar un ave de rapiña tras una presa, ya sea otra ave ya sea otro animal cualquiera, así como el arte de criar, enseñar, amaestrar, cuidar y curar tales aves, ha recibido en español varios nombres: (a)cetrería, altaneria, halconería y volatería. No es raro encontrar frases en las que todos los términos parecen ser sinónimos. Pero ¿indican o designan todos ellos lo mismo? Lo que esta nota se propone es ver, basándonos en las obras españolas de cetrería y los principales diccionarios, si todos esos términos son realmente sinónimos, o si cada uno de ellos representa una pequeña parcela de esa doble realidad que es la cetrería: la técnica venatoria por una parte, y la veterinaria y farmacológica por otra.
Una realidad disfrazada en La Lozana andaluza
Authors: Imperiale Luigi
Published: December 2013

Al entrar en el mundo de Lozana, vía el texto de Francisco Delicado, el lector topa con una novela dialogada, curiosa, difícil de aprehender en la medida en que el Auctor, personaje quisquilloso y socarrón, se las arregla para entregar un trabajo escritural que asume, en muchos aspectos, una función proteica. De este cambio incesante de la forma de la escritura surge un punto fundamental de la obra. Advertimos en seguida que el narrador nos quiere presentar un fresco de la vida romana tal como aparece y parece a primera vista. Sin embargo, gracias a las observaciones de la galería de los personajes que pueblan el relato, el lector vigilante percibe que esta primero realidad oculta una segunda y que el texto primario está minado por múltiples subtextos, los cuales, en varias ocasiones, tienden a significar lo contrario de lo que nos da a entender aquel tan travieso padre espiritual de Lozana.
El grupo fónico y el grupo de entonación en el español hablado
Authors: Quilis Antonio , Cantarero Margarita , Esgueva Manuel
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
De tres soy la segunda hermosura de fray Luis de León
Authors: Archer Robert
Published: December 2013

Una de las poesías cuya autoría ha sido negada repetidamente por los editores de fray Luis es la que tiene como tema la inmortalidad del alma, "De tres soy la segunda hermosura", publicada por primera vez en uno de los apéndices de la edición de Merino (1816). Este trabajo presenta argumentos en favor de su aceptación como poema suyo, si bien rechazado —u olvidado— por fray Luis, y lo transcribe según la única copia existente.
Nebrija en los Virorum Doctorum Elogia de Paulo Jovio
Authors: Jiménez Calvente Teresa
Published: December 2013

Entre los diversos elogios que se dedicaron a Elio Antonio de Nebrija, el que contiene los datos más curiosos es, sin ninguna duda, el de Paulo Jovio (1483-1553), aparecido en sus Virorum Doctorum Elogia de 1548. Los elogios eran una forma de lectura placentera en la que cabía la mentira o el rumor más o menos infundado, aunque su fin último fuese la inclusión de noticias de clara raigambre histórica. En sus Elogia, Jovio recurrió a un modelo clásico para dibujar su propia galería de personajes, donde no dudó en acoger componentes claramente mordaces y satíricos.
Dos procesos de transferencia gramatical de lenguas amerindias (quechua/aru y guarani) al español andino y al español paraguayo. Los elementos validadores
Authors: De Granda Germán
Published: December 2013

El objeto de este artículo es doble: identificar las características areales que, en el español de las zonas lingüísticas andina y paraguaya, reviste, en cada caso, la transferencia de un determinado rasgo morfosintáctico (el sistema de elementos validadores o evidenciales del mensaje) de las respectivas lenguas fuentes (familias lingüísticas Quechua y Aru en el área andina, guaraní en la paraguaya) sobre el castellano local considerado como lengua objetivo y, partiendo de los datos obtenidos como resultado de este análisis, proponer los factores que puedan ser considerados como determinantes de las divergencias existentes entre los dos procesos examinados y sus resultados gramaticales en las zonas territoriales en cuestión.
Reflexiones sobre el concepto de «yod»
Authors: Barra Jover Mario
Published: December 2013

La lectura del manual de Ariza sobre la fonología diacrónica del español, plantea de nuevo la necesidad de revisar no la descripción de la acción de la yod en español, sino el concepto mismo. Aunque pueda parecer tarea gratuita, quizá no esté de más si nos ayuda a enfocar desde otro punto de vista algunas de las explicaciones que sobre la yod son habitualmente proporcionadas y que, en lo esencial, son ciertas. El objetivo del trabajo es: a) Valorar las implicaciones de asumir la yod como objeto material, es decir, como sonido aislable. b) Examinar los casos en los que se puede producir una deformación de los datos reales. c) Examinar, asimismo, las asimetrías que pueden encontrarse en la descripción de la palatalización en español. d) Proponer dos posibles soluciones no incompatibles, siendo la una de tipo sincrónico, diacrónica la otra, a saber: "yod" es un rasgo palatal y no un sonido palatal, "yod" es todo proceso de palatalización.
Jorge Manrique y el ars praedicandi: una aproximación a la influencia del arte sermonario en las Coplas a la muerte de su padre
Authors: Royo Latorre María Dolores
Published: December 2013

Este trabajo muestra cómo las Coplas obedecen a un programa literario que postula el abandono de lo puramente ornamental a favor de un sermo humilis que busca la comprensibilidad general y rompe con la retórica antigua, según la cual el estilo venía determinado por el tema, y se decide a tratar las cuestiones más sublimes con la llaneza necesaria para hacerlas asequibles a cualquier clase de público. La fina intuición poética de Manrique le señaló el camino: el sermón bajomedieval, con su peculiar estructura y formas expresivas, conviene perfectamente a una elegía en la que la proliferación de lugares comunes no oculta el impulso de una honda emoción personal.
Nueva propuesta de lectura de las xarajāt con texto romance de la serie hebrea
Authors: Corriente F. , Sáenz-Badillos Ángel
Published: December 2013

Los progresos hechos últimamente en el desciframiento de estos textos en su serie árabe obligan a intentar lo mismo con los contenidos en muwaššaḥāt hebreas. Los autores de este trabajo formulan unas propuestas que en modo alguno se pretenden definitivas, pero que recogen determinadas experiencias, vgr., sobre las características del romance andalusí, sobre el árabe andalusí con que se mezclan y sobre cambios de código, que pueden contribuir al deseable desciframiento de estos textos en las mejores condiciones posibles.
Fondaparinux in an Obese Child with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and a History of Renal Failure
Authors: Johnson Peter N. , Benefield Emily C. , Bui Phi-Yen N. , Marlar Richard A. , Gessouroun Morris R.
Published: December 2013

A 9-year-old obese child with a history of ulcerative colitis was admitted to the intensive care unit for significant blood loss, hemorrhagic shock, and acute renal failure. Following complications from total colectomy secondary to multiple perforations, the patient developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and subsequent portal vein thrombosis. Subcutaneous (SQ) fondaparinux therapy was initiated because the patient was unable to transition to oral anticoagulation. An anti-factor Xa assay was developed and used to adjust his fondaparinux therapy. Based on hemorrhagic complications and fondaparinux-based anti-factor Xa assay results, the fondaparinux was adjusted to a final dosage of 4.5 mg (0.066 mg/kg) SQ daily. In children unable to transition to oral anticoagulation, fondaparinux may be an alternative for the treatment of thrombosis associated with HIT. We noted that our patient required a lower dose per kilogram of fondaparinux than described in previous published reports. Despite this lower dosage per kilogram, our patient developed bleeding despite dosage reductions; subsequently, a few doses were held. It is unclear if this was related to his obesity, history of renal failure, or a combination of factors. Future studies should determine the optimal dose for special populations of children (e.g., those with obesity and renal failure). Until then, clinicians should routinely monitor and titrate fondaparinux therapy, ideally using a fondaparinux-specific anti-factor Xa assay.
Oral Absorption of Enteral Vancomycin in a Child with Clostridium difficile Colitis and Renal Impairment
Authors: Wood Adam , Wassil Katie , Edwards Elisa
Published: December 2013

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used by the enteral route for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections and is not thought to be absorbed into the systemic circulation. We report on a 2-year-old, 12.5-kg patient with confirmed C difficile colitis and renal insufficiency that was treated with 125 mg of enteral vancomycin (10 mg/kg); the patient developed measurable systemic concentrations as high as 17.8 mg/L. However, as the patient's colitis began to improve, the serial vancomycin concentrations reflected little to no continued absorption of vancomycin. A review of the literature regarding this rare phenomenon is discussed.
O direito à memória: a história oral de mulheres que lutaram contra a ditadura militar (1964-84)
Authors: Rovai Marta Gouveia de Oliveira
Published: December 2013

Este artigo tem como proposta apresentar trabalhos historiográficos que trataram de testemunhos femininos sobre a luta contra a ditadura militar brasileira. Dentre eles, apresento também minha pesquisa de doutorado, desenvolvida a partir das histórias de vida de mulheres que resistiram contra a opressão, de forma silenciosa, tendo poucas vezes sido reconhecidas pela sociedade como sujeitos históricos. A história oral testemunhal exerce hoje um grande papel de denúncia e de direito à memória de grupos ainda pouco visíveis no cenário público, inclusive de mulheres, muitas vezes vistas como estranhas ao espaço político. Seus relatos revelam múltiplas formas de ações na luta contra o autoritarismo, mostrando que público e privado não são excludentes nem se opõem.Palavras-chave: História oral testemunhal.  Direito à memória.  Mulheres.  Ditadura militar.
Os movimentos docentes brasileiro e português na virada dos anos 1970 - 80
Authors: Xavier Libania Nacif
Published: December 2013

O artigo  analisa as ações e manifestações docentes ocorridas no Brasil e em Portugal, nos anos 1970-80, período marcado pelo declínio dos regimes autoritários e pela ascensão de movimentos de contestação política aos poderes constituídos. A primeira seção propõe uma reflexão teórica a respeito das potencialidades analíticas de conceitos como estrutura de oportunidades políticas para compreender os movimentos sociais; a segunda sessão apresenta algumas particularidades da participação dos professores nos processos de transição política em curso nos dois países. Nas terceira e quarta seções, são analisados os repertórios de ação dos movimentos docentes brasileiro e português. A última seção conclui com uma síntese das concepções partilhadas pelos professores nas lutas por mudanças políticas e pela construção da escola democrática.Palavras-chave: Transição democrática. Movimentos docentes. História da educação.
Universidade e repressão política: o acesso aos documentos da assessoria especial de segurança e informação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (AESI/UFES)
Authors: Fagundes Pedro Ernesto
Published: December 2013

O principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os problemas relacionados ao acesso aos documentos da Assessoria Especial de Segurança e Informação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (AESI/UFES). Criada no âmbito do Ministério da Educação e Cultura e atuando no sistema coordenado pelo Serviço Nacional de Informação (SNI), a AESI/Ufes funcionou entre 1971 e 1983 e teve como principal  tarefa o monitoramento das atividades da comunidade universitária.Palavras-chave: Ditadura Militar. Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo. Aesi. Asi. Brasil - história.
Enhancing Modulation Bandwidth of Semiconductor Lasers beyond 50 GHz by Strong Optical Feedback for Use in Millimeter-Wave Radio over Fiber Links
Authors: Ahmed Moustafa , Bakry Ahmed , Altuwirqi Reem , Alghamdi Mohamed S. , Koyama Fumio
Published: December 2013

We present the modeling on high-speed modulation of semiconductor lasers beyond 50 GHz over a frequency band of 2 GHz by using strong optical feedback (OFB). This ultra high modulation frequency is achieved by adjusting the external-cavity resonance frequency close to the modulation frequency and optimizing strong OFB conditions to achieve stable operation. We show that this optimized strong OFB results in about 20 dB improvement in the link gain of a 55.8 GHz radio over fiber (RoF) link. We also discuss the influence of environmental variations on the simulated modulation characteristics.
Homogeneous Al2O3 Multilayered Films Deposited on Poly(ethylene terephthalate) by Facing-Target Sputtering System for Thin-Film Passivation of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Hwa-Min , Bae Kang , Seo Sung-Bo , Sohn Sunyoung , Kim Dongyoung
Published: December 2013

Homogeneous multilayered barrier films were fabricated by means of reactive and nonreactive processes using Al2O3 with the facing-target sputtering (FTS) system. The multilayered films showed 60% improved barrier performance and their fabrication was 30% faster than that of single Al2O3 layers of the same thickness. The water vapor transmission rate was increased up to the order of 10-4 g·m-2·d-1 from a three-pair system of reactive and nonreactive sputtered Al2O3 bilayers.
Study of Deterioration in a Piezoelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate Radiation Detector through Measurement of the Electromechanical Coupling Factor with 400 MeV/n Zenon Ions
Authors: Kobayashi Masanori , Miyachi Takashi , Takechi Seiji , Sekiguchi Masahiro , Shibata Hiromi , Okada Nagaya , Hattori Maki , Okudaira Osamu , Fujii Masayuki , Murakami Takeshi , Uchihori Yukio
Published: December 2013

The variation of the electromechanical coupling factor (ECF) was measured by bombarding a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) element with 400 MeV/n xenon ions. The element was exposed to energies up to 104 J, during which time the ECF was observed by the resonance method. The ECF gradually decreased with the energy accumulated during irradiation, and its behavior was scaled with an empirical formula. This decrease suggests that the piezoelectric quality deteriorated; hence, the sensitivity of the PZT radiation detector was considered to be degraded as well. The variation ultimately originated in resonance-associated processes. A potential detector suitable for use in severe-radiation environments was discussed.
Macromodel for changes in polishing pad surface condition caused by dressing and polishing
Authors: Isobe Akira , Ogata Kenjiro , Kurokawa Shuhei
Published: December 2013

A macromodel for changes in a pad surface by dressing and polishing is proposed. A polishing pad is divided into small areas and it is assumed that each area takes an “H” (= high) or “L” (= low) condition. The condition is changed by dressing or polishing, and the total chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) performance is determined by the average pad condition. The results from equations are compared with experimental data, and good correspondence is confirmed. Various CMP behaviors are well explained by the equations, such as polishing rate stabilization by dummy running, the differences in the stability time and polishing rate between in situ dressing and ex situ dressing, and polishing rate behaviors for patterned wafers. This new model can be used to predict process performances, to optimize process conditions, or to indicate the direction of consumable development.
Finite‐frequency Rayleigh wave tomography of the western Mediterranean: Mapping its lithospheric structure
Authors: Palomeras I. , Thurner S. , Levander A. , Liu K. , Villasenor A. , Carbonell R. , Harnafi M.
Published: December 2013

We present a 3‐D shear wave velocity model for the crust and upper mantle of the western Mediterranean from Rayleigh wave tomography. We analyzed the fundamental mode in the 20–167 s period band (6.0–50.0 mHz) from earthquakes recorded by a number of temporary and permanent seismograph arrays. Using the two‐plane wave method, we obtained phase velocity dispersion curves that were inverted for an isotropic Vs model that extends from the southern Iberian Massif, across the Gibraltar Arc and the Atlas mountains to the Saharan Craton. The area of the western Mediterranean that we have studied has been the site of complex subduction, slab rollback, and simultaneous compression and extension during African‐European convergence since the Oligocene. The shear velocity model shows high velocities beneath the Rif from 65 km depth and beneath the Granada Basin from ∼70 km depth that extend beneath the Alboran Domain to more than 250 km depth, which we interpret as a near‐vertical slab dangling from beneath the western Alboran Sea. The slab appears to be attached to the crust beneath the Rif and possibly beneath the Granada Basin and Sierra Nevada where low shear velocities (3.8 km/s) are mapped to >55 km depth. The attached slab is pulling down the Gibraltar Arc crust, thickening it, and removing the continental margin lithospheric mantle beneath both Iberia and Morocco as it descends into the deeper mantle. Thin lithosphere is indicated by very low upper mantle velocities beneath the Alboran Sea, above and east of the dangling slab and beneath the Cenozoic volcanics.
The Coulomb critical taper theory applied to gravitational instabilities
Authors: Mourgues R. , Lacoste A. , Garibaldi C.
Published: December 2013

The critical Coulomb wedge theory has been widely applied to the structural evolution of accretionary wedges and fold and thrust belts, but it also predicts the spreading of a wedge under gravity. This solution may be applied to the formation of gravitational spreading and gliding along passive margins, where elevated pore fluid pressure is common. Following the initial hypotheses of the theory, we provide an alternative expression of the exact solution for a noncohesive wedge, better suited to slope instabilities. Our formulation allows a direct calculation of the fluid pressure required for the system to deform and predicts two kinds of gravitational deformation: shallow slumping and/or deep gravitational spreading rooting on the basal detachment. To verify the predictions of the model, we performed scaled experiments with pore pressure under conditions close to the critical taper hypotheses. The good agreement between our experimental results and the theory confirms the applicability of the critical taper model to the formation of gravitational structures in sedimentary wedges subjected to pore fluid pressure.
Ground‐based observations of overshooting convection during the Tropical Warm Pool‐International Cloud Experiment
Authors: Hassim M. E. E. , Lane T. P. , May P. T.
Published: December 2013

This study uses gridded radar data to investigate the properties of deep convective storms that penetrate the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and overshoot the cold‐point tropopause during the Tropical Warm Pool‐International Cloud Experiment (TWP‐ICE). Overshooting convection during the observed break period is relatively more intense and exhibits lesser diurnal variability than severe monsoonal storms in terms of mean overshooting area in the TTL (as covered by >20 dBZ echoes). However, ground‐based radar has geometrical constraints and sampling gaps at high altitude that lead to biases in the final radar product. Using synthetic observations derived from model‐based data, ground‐based radar is shown to underestimate the mean overshooting area in the TTL across both TWP‐ICE regimes. Differences range from ∼180 km2 (∼100 km2) to ∼14 km2 (∼8 km2) between 14 and 18 km for the active (break) period. This implies that the radar is underestimating the transport of water and ice mass into the TTL by convective overshoots during TWP‐ICE. The synthetic data is also used to correct profiles of the mean observed overshooting area. These are shown to differ only marginally between the two sampled regimes once the influence of a large mesoscale convective system, considered as a departure from normal monsoon behavior, was removed from the statistics. The results of our study provide a useful cross‐validation comparison for satellite‐based detections of overshooting top areas over Darwin, Australia.
Computational fluid dynamics‐based design of finned steam cracking reactors
Authors: Schietekat Carl M. , Van Cauwenberge David J. , Van Geem Kevin M. , Marin Guy B.
Published: December 2013

The use of one‐dimensional reactor models to simulate industrial steam cracking reactors has been one of the main limiting factors for the development of new reactor designs and the evaluation of existing three‐dimensional (3‐D) reactor configurations. Therefore, a 3‐D computational fluid dynamics approach is proposed in which the detailed free‐radical chemistry is for the first time accounted for. As a demonstration case, the application of longitudinally and helicoidally finned tubes as steam cracking reactors was investigated under industrially relevant conditions. After experimental validation of the modeling approach, a comprehensive parametric study allowed to identify optimal values of the fin parameters, that is, fin height, number of fins, and helix angle to maximize heat transfer. Reactive simulations of an industrial Millisecond propane cracker were performed for four distinct finned reactors using a reaction network of 26 species and 203 elementary reactions. The start‐of‐run tube metal skin temperatures could be reduced by up to 50 K compared to conventionally applied tubular reactors when applying optimal fin parameters. Implementation of a validated coking model for light feedstocks shows that coking rates are reduced up to 50%. However, the increased friction and inner surface area lead to pressure drops higher by a factor from 1.22 to 1.66 causing minor but significant shifts in light olefin selectivity. For the optimized helicoidally finned reactor the ethene selectivity dropped, whereas propene and 1,3‐butadiene selectivity increased with a similar amount. The presented methodology can be applied in a straightforward way to other 3‐D reactor designs and can be extended to more complex feedstocks such as naphtha. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 794–808, 2014
Neurotrophe Naturstoffe – ihre Chemie und Biologie
Authors: Xu Jing , Lacoske Michelle H. , Theodorakis Emmanuel A.
Published: December 2013

Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen und Rückenmarksverletzungen betreffen weltweit etwa 50 Millionen Menschen und verursachen Gesundheitskosten von insgesamt mehr als 600 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr. Nervenwachstumsfaktoren, d. h. Neurotrophine, sind potenzielle Therapeutika für diese Erkrankungen, denn sie können die Regeneration von Nerven fördern. Durchschnittlich 500 Publikationen jährlich belegen die Bedeutung der Neurotrophine in den biomedizinischen Wissenschaften und ihr Potenzial für therapeutische Anwendungen. Allerdings ist die klinische Verwendung von Neurotrophinen wegen ihres schlechten pharmakokinetischen Profils stark eingeschränkt. Niedermolekulare Verbindungen, die die neurotrophe Aktivität modulieren, bieten hingegen einen vielversprechenden Therapieansatz bei neurologischen Erkrankungen. Die Natur hat für eine beeindruckende Zahl von Naturstoffen mit starken neurotrophen Wirkungen gesorgt. Die aktuellen Strategien zur Synthese dieser Verbindungen sowie deren Fähigkeit, das Wachstum und die Erneuerung von Nervenzellen zu induzieren, bilden den Schwerpunkt dieses Aufsatzes. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass neurotrophe Naturstoffe nicht nur als Leitstrukturen in der Wirkstoffentwicklung genutzt werden können, sondern auch für das nächste große Projekt der Biomedizin: die Kartierung der Hirnaktivität (BAM, Brain Activity Map).
Reply to Comments on “Synthesis, Characterization, and Structures of Persistent Aniline Radical Cation”
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Wang Xingyong , Sui Yunxia , Li Yizhi , Ma Jing , Zuo Jinglin , Wang Xinping
Published: December 2013

Die Identifizierung des Anilin‐Radikalkations TBA.+ (TBA=2,4,6‐tBu3C6H2NH2), über die 2012 berichtet wurde, wird in den beiden vorhergehenden Korrespondenzartikeln angezweifelt. Die Autoren der ursprünglichen Veröffentlichung haben ihre UV/Vis‐ und EPR‐Daten nochmals überprüft und insistieren, dass das TBA.+‐Radikalkation tatsächlich beständig und stabil ist. Die mögliche Kokristallisation von TBA.+ mit TBAH+ bewirkt eine Verkomplizierung der Kristallstruktur.
Neurotrophic Natural Products: Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Xu Jing , Lacoske Michelle H. , Theodorakis Emmanuel A.
Published: December 2013

Neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injury affect approximately 50 million people worldwide, bringing the total healthcare cost to over 600 billion dollars per year. Nervous system growth factors, that is, neurotrophins, are a potential solution to these disorders, since they could promote nerve regeneration. An average of 500 publications per year attests to the significance of neurotrophins in biomedical sciences and underlines their potential for therapeutic applications. Nonetheless, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of neurotrophins severely restricts their clinical use. On the other hand, small molecules that modulate neurotrophic activity offer a promising therapeutic approach against neurological disorders. Nature has provided an impressive array of natural products that have potent neurotrophic activities. This Review highlights the current synthetic strategies toward these compounds and summarizes their ability to induce neuronal growth and rehabilitation. It is anticipated that neurotrophic natural products could be used not only as starting points in drug design but also as tools to study the next frontier in biomedical sciences: the brain activity map project.
High‐Power Electrochemical Energy Storage System Employing Stable Radical Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Maruyama Hitoshi , Nakano Hideyuki , Nakamoto Masaaki , Sekiguchi Akira
Published: December 2013

The development of electrical energy storage devices that can operate at high charge and discharge rates is fundamentally important, however although electrochemical capacitors (ECs) can charge and discharge at high rates, their electrochemical storage capacity remains an order of magnitude lower than that of conventional lithium‐ion batteries. Novel pseudocapasitors are developed, based on the stable persilyl‐susbtituted free radicals of the heavy group 14 elements, (tBu2MeSi)3E. [E=Si (1), Ge (2), and Sn (3)], as anode materials for energy storage system. Such systems showed a remarkable cycle stability without significant loss of power density, in comparison with similar characteristics of the known organic radical batteries, the dual carbon cell, and the electrochemical capacitor. Particularly important is that these novel electrochemical energy storage systems employing stable heavy group 14 element radicals are lithium‐free. The electrochemical properties and structures of the reduced and oxidized species were studied by the cyclic voltammetry (CV), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD).
Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Propargylic Alkylation of Propargyl β‐Ketoesters with a Chiral Ketimine P,N,N‐Ligand
Authors: Zhu Fu‐Lin , Zou Yuan , Zhang De‐Yang , Wang Ya‐Hui , Hu Xin‐Hu , Chen Song , Xu Jie , Hu Xiang‐Ping
Published: December 2013

The first enantioselective copper‐catalyzed decarboxylative propargylic alkylation has been developed. Treatment of propargyl β‐ketoesters with a catalyst, prepared in situ from [Cu(CH3CN)4BF4] and a newly developed chiral tridentate ketimine P,N,N‐ligand under mild reaction conditions, generates β‐ethynyl ketones in good yields and with high enantioselectivities without requiring the pregeneration of ketone enolates. This new process provides facile access to a range of chiral β‐ethynyl ketones in a highly enantioenriched form.
Effectiveness of First‐Line Treatment With Recombinant Interleukin‐1 Receptor Antagonist in Steroid‐Naive Patients With New‐Onset Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vastert Sebastiaan J. , de Jager Wilco , Noordman Bo Jan , Holzinger Dirk , Kuis Wietse , Prakken Berent J. , Wulffraat Nico M.
Published: December 2013

Objective

To conduct a prospective cohort study using anakinra, a recombinant IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra), as first‐line therapy in patients with new‐onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Therapy with recombinant IL‐1Ra (2 mg/kg) was initiated in 20 patients who fulfilled the International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria for systemic JIA, before systemic steroid treatment was administered. Patients were monitored clinically and immunologically. The protocol contained a stop strategy for patients who met at least the adapted American College of Rheumatology 90% criteria for improvement in JIA (ACR Pediatric 90 [ACR Pedi 90]) after 3 months.

Results

We included consecutive patients with new‐onset systemic JIA. The mean followup period was 32 months (range 12–54 months). At the 3‐month time point, 85% of the patients showed an adapted ACR Pedi 90 response or had inactive disease; 75% of the patients achieved this response while receiving recombinant IL‐1Ra alone. After 1 year, 17 of the 20 patients met the criteria for clinically inactive disease, and 13 of these patients met these criteria while receiving monotherapy with recombinant IL‐1Ra. However, because of persistent disease activity, 7 of the 20 patients required additional therapy besides recombinant IL‐1Ra. According to our stop strategy, 73% of patients with at least an adapted ACR Pedi 90 response at 3 months could stop recombinant IL‐1Ra treatment within 1 year. After 2 years, 12 (86%) of 14 patients met the criteria for disease remission, either while receiving (n = 4) or not receiving (n = 8) medication. After 3 years, 10 (91%) of 11 patients met the criteria for disease remission, either while receiving (n = 2) or not receiving (n = 8) medication.

Conclusion

This is the first prospective study in which recombinant IL‐1Ra was used as first‐line therapy in patients with systemic JIA. We observed excellent responses in nearly all patients within 3 months. In the majority of responding patients, treatment with recombinant IL‐1Ra could be stopped within 1 year, with remission being preserved during followup. In approximately one‐third of patients, concomitant therapy was required for maintenance of clinical response.
The functional consequences of intron retention: Alternative splicing coupled to NMD as a regulator of gene expression
Authors: Ge Ying , Porse Bo T.
Published: December 2013

The explosion in sequencing technologies has provided us with an instrument to describe mammalian transcriptomes at unprecedented depths. This has revealed that alternative splicing is used extensively not only to generate protein diversity, but also as a means to regulate gene expression post‐transcriptionally. Intron retention (IR) is overwhelmingly perceived as an aberrant splicing event with little or no functional consequence. However, recent work has now shown that IR is used to regulate a specific differentiation event within the haematopoietic system by coupling it to nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Here, we highlight how IR and, more broadly, alternative splicing coupled to NMD (AS‐NMD) can be used to regulate gene expression and how this is deregulated in disease. We suggest that the importance of AS‐NMD is not restricted to the haematopoietic system but that it plays a prominent role in other normal and aberrant biological settings.
P‐113 Peptide: New experimental evidences on its biological activity and conformational insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Di Giampaolo Alessia , Luzi Carla , Casciaro Bruno , Bozzi Argante , Luisa Mangoni Maria , Aschi Massimiliano
Published: December 2013

In this article, we report novel and additional results, both experimental and computational, obtained in our laboratories on the peptide P‐113. In particular, our experimental results indicate that this peptide is endowed with a high target‐cell selectivity towards yeast species, suggesting its potential development as a new drug against oral microbial infections. To provide additional structural insights, we performed several Molecular Dynamics simulations in different conditions. Results suggest that P‐113 is a rather compact species presumably because of its highly charged state as emerged from the dramatic increase of internal fluctuation occurring upon point‐mutation. The peptide turns out to adopt, in water, a beta‐hairpin‐like conformation and, in a more hydrophobic environment, is found to be in a (probably slow) equilibrium between α‐helix and hairpin conformations. Complexation with Zn2+ induces a drastic mechanical stabilization, which prevents any conformational organization of the peptide into a biologically active state. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 102: 159–167, 2014.
Leading by Example: A Model of Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment
Authors: Boiral Olivier , Talbot David , Paillé Pascal
Published: December 2013

Organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBEs), which are based on individual, voluntary and informal initiatives, are increasingly considered as an essential ingredient of corporate greening. Drawing on the emerging literature on this issue, this paper explores the determinants and consequences of managers' OCBEs. A study of 304 managers from the manufacturing sector allowed us to validate a new model of managers' OCBEs based on structural equation modeling. The model shows the role of environmental values and perceived behavioral control (PBC) in the adoption of OCBEs. As expected, the model also shows positive and significant relationships between OCBEs, environmental management practices and performance in this area. The study sheds new light on the impacts of OCBEs and explores the reasons why they can be used to lead by example and to improve environmental performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The significance of dynamin 2 expression for prostate cancer progression, prognostication, and therapeutic targeting
Authors: Xu Bin , Teng Liang Hong , Silva Sabrina Daniela da , Bijian Krikor , Al Bashir Samir , Jie Su , Dolph Michael , Alaoui‐Jamali Moulay A. , Bismar Tarek A.
Published: December 2013

Dynamin 2 (Dyn2) is essential for intracellular vesicle formation and trafficking, cytokinesis, and receptor endocytosis. In this study, we investigated the implication of Dyn2 as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for progressive prostate cancer (PCA). We evaluated Dyn2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in two cohorts: men with localized PCA treated by retropubic radical prostatectomy (n = 226), and men with advanced/castrate‐resistant PCA (CRPC) treated by transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) (n = 253). The role of Dyn2 in cell invasiveness was assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments using androgen‐responsive and refractory PCA preclinical models. Dyn2 expression was significantly increased across advanced stages of PCA compared to benign prostate tissue (P < 0.0001). In the CRPC cohort, high Dyn2 was associated with higher Gleason score (P = 0.004) and marginally with cancer‐specific mortality (P = 0.052). In preclinical models, Dyn2 gene silencing significantly reduced cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as tumor size and lymph node metastases in vivo. In isolated PCA cells, Dyn2 was found to regulate focal adhesion turnover, which is critical for cell migration; this mechanism requires full Dyn2 compared to mutants deficient in GTPase activity. In conclusion, Dyn2 overexpression is associated with neoplastic prostate epithelium and is associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition of Dyn2 prevents cell invasiveness in androgen‐responsive and ‐refractory PCA models, supporting the potential benefit of Dyn2 to serve as a therapeutic target for advanced PCA.
Clinical efficacy and safety of transcatheter closure of ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm
Authors: Zhong Li , Tong Shi‐Fei , Zhang Qian , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Yao Qing , Li Yong‐Hua , Zhang Wei‐Hua , Song Zhi‐Yuan
Published: December 2013

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of transcatheter closure (TCC) in patients with ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA).

Background

RSVA is a rare cardiovascular disease with a varied clinical presentation. The clinical efficacy and safety of TCC for RSVA still remain an ongoing concern.

Methods

From January 2009 to March 2013, 22 patients with RSVA were selected for TCC. Intracardiac pressure and size of cardiac chamber were measured before and post TCC. All patients were followed up by transthoracic echocardiography at 1, 3, 6, 12 months after procedure.

Results

RSVA was successfully occluded in 20 patients (19 cases with Amplatzer duct occluder and one with muscular ventricular septal defect occluder). Aortic root angiography showed no shunt in 18 cases and a small residual shunt in two cases. The pressures in the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery were significantly decreased after the procedure (P < 0.01), and the aortic pressure was elevated (P < 0.001). The internal diameters of the right atrium, left atrium, and left ventricle were also significantly declined after the procedure (P < 0.05). No complications were found after 18.5 ± 6.5 (range 3–35) months follow‐up. Two patients underwent acute surgical aortic valve replacement because of procedure‐related aortic valve regurgitation.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that TCC is a promising alternative therapy to surgery in appropriate patients with RSVA. However, rare but severe procedure‐related complications should be considered in the risk assessment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrochemical Conversion of Dichloroacetic Acid to Chloroacetic Acid in Conventional Cell and in Two Microfluidic Reactors
Authors: Scialdone Onofrio , Galia Alessandro , Sabatino Simona , Vaiana Giovanni Marco , Agro Diego , Busacca Alessandro , Amatore Christian
Published: December 2013

The electrochemical conversion of dichloroacetic acid to chloracetic acid is investigated in conventional cells and in microreactors. Two different microreactors are used: the first is a filter press cell equipped with PTFE micrometric spacers, easy to assemble and disassemble and available for a large variety of electrodes and solvents; the second is made using an adhesive spacer, micromilling and press and could easily be developed on an industrial scale. The electrochemical synthesis is performed successfully in the microreactors equipped with a graphite cathode under proper operative conditions. The performance of the process strongly depends on the nature of the cathode and, for microreactors, on flow rate and current density. Both microreactors give high conversions and selectivity under a single‐pass mode and are allowed to work without supporting electrolyte at low cell voltages.
Exploring the relationships between innovation and internationalization of small and medium‐sized enterprises: A nonrecursive structural equation model
Authors: Halilem Norrin , Amara Nabil , Landry Réjean
Published: December 2013

This article seeks to provide more insights on the two‐way link between internationalization and innovation by considering total, direct, and reciprocal effects using a nonrecursive structural model. Innovation is defined through product and process development, while internationalization is defined through inward and outward internationalization in both closer and farther markets. The results suggest that these two major sources of growth are linked by different sets of relations, from the investment in product and process innovation to outward internationalization in a closer market, or from inward and outward internationalization in farther markets to the investment in product innovation. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.