bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of 21st Century in Education as a Learning Revolution
Authors: Cahya Uci Dwi , Astari Weni , Susanto Hendra
Published: May 2024

The study reveals to impact of 21st century education as a learning revolution. The research focus is directed at four sub variables; lesson planning; implementation of learning; learning assessment; and learning supervision. In this study, collecting data from various sources, the impact of 21st century education as a learning revolution are included in the category of several changes that must be made, such as: Planning the concept of conventional education; understanding education as an important part of efforts to create changes for better management of the life of the nation and state; Creating education that can adapt to the changing nature of globalization; Respond positively to the current changes in globalization and then direct them towards the concept of sustainable management, and create the concept of sustainable education. The results are expected to be input for other, regarding the real conditions in the field related to the impact of 21st century education as a learning revolution so that it can be taken into consideration in implementing the learning revolution in the 21st century. The impact of 21st century education in the learning revolution. This study is a literature review using a qualitative approach. Schools are part of the population in this study, and the sample uses a saturated sampling technique. Data were analyzed using a simple regression technique. The results of the study show that 90% of the impact of 21st century education influences the learning revolution. Positively changes in the flow of globalization then direct it to the concept of sustainable education management, thereby creating the concept of 21st century education.
Employing Traditional Stories to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills of Junior High School Students
Authors: Fauzia Nur , Kuswardani Rahayu , Rosyid Abdur , Abida Fithriyah Inda Nur , Darma Diana Budi
Published: May 2024

In contemporary education, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative methods to cultivate critical thinking skills among junior high school students. Traditional stories, with their cultural richness and narrative depth, present an intriguing opportunity as a potential learning tool to foster such skills. This research aims to investigate the efficacy of utilizing traditional stories as a pedagogical instrument to enhance critical thinking abilities among junior high school students. By employing a qualitative research design, the study seeks to delve into the impact of traditional stories on students' critical thinking development. Adopting a qualitative research design, this study takes on a single case study approach, focusing on thirty eighth-grade students from SMPN 14. The participants were selected through a purposive sampling method. The research spans a duration of six weeks, during which carefully selected traditional stories were utilized as a medium for nurturing critical thinking experiences. Research instruments encompassed observation, interviews, and the implementation of specifically designed critical thinking worksheets. Data analysis was conducted using categorization and thematic processes to discern the patterns of change in the students' critical thinking capacities throughout the intervention. The findings of the research indicate that the incorporation of traditional stories effectively enhances the critical thinking skills of junior high school students. Throughout the learning process, students exhibited advancements in various facets of critical thinking, including problem identification, critical analysis, argument assessment, and reflective thinking. The critical thinking experiences derived from the utilization of traditional stories were instrumental in fostering deeper and contextually relevant thinking skills. As a result, the study recommends that educators consider integrating traditional stories into their teaching practices to facilitate the development of critical thinking abilities across different educational levels.
Study of Sasaknese Proverb and Its Significances in Social life: Semiotics Rolland Barth Analysis
Authors: Syamsurrijal Syamsurrijal , Abdussamad Zainudin , Muhid Abdul
Published: May 2024

Sasak ethnic is people who occupied Lombok Island. Sasak ethnic has uniqueness in expressing their thought and feeling so called sêsênggak. Sêsênggak is the expression sasakness feeling and thought which have intrinsic and extrinsic meaning. The expression used local language as result many Sasaknese especially youth not fully comprehend the real meaning of proverb. Therefore, the current research conducted research based on Rolland Barthe theory in order give insight and knowledge to youth dealing with message behind the proverb. The objective of the research is to reveal the meaning of denotation, connotation and in its significances to the Sasak ethnic of Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. This research employed qualitative descriptive in which the data taken from book, document and internet.  Based on the results of the data analysis, several things can be concluded. First, the connotative meanings in sêsênggak are descriptions of the basic representations of mental capacities that Sasak people used in the past to conceptualise themselves and their world. Second, based on the meanings found, sêsênggak has the function of expressing thoughts that contain general truths that serve to control and judge individual or group attitudes/behaviours.  Third, the myth shows that sêsênggak carries messages of morality, education, law, wisdom, economic and social values, and the like. Therefore, sêsênggak cannot be separated from the normative and evaluative description of an attitude or behaviour of the speaking community in a limited context and the general public in a wider context.
Application of Multimedia Digital Story Telling in Speaking Learning at Information Technology Study Program
Authors: Rahmawati Lela , Hastuti Hilda , Syarifaturrahman Wahyu Kamil , Syahid Agus , Dewi Puspita
Published: May 2024

This article explains how project-based learning is being implemented (digital storytelling) to help students in the First Semester in Bumigora University in Mataram at become more proficient speakers. The aims of this research are to find out whether Project-Based Learning (digital storytelling) can improve students’ speaking skill and to analyze the students’ learning motivation when is implemented. A test, questionnaire, interview, and observation were used to gather the data. The researchers used action research and random sampling technique. The method used mix method, quantitative and qualitative. The steps in this design are Planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The study's conclusions showed that students' speaking abilities had improved in a number of areas, including confidence, fluency, pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. A range of speaking exercises, such as oral presentations, voice recordings, group discussions, and interviews, helped to strengthen those areas. The study's conclusions showed that pupils' speaking abilities had improved in a number of areas, including confidence, fluency, pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. A range of speaking exercises, such as oral presentations, voice recordings, group discussions, and interviews, helped to strengthen those areas. Moreover, the mean gain of the students’ post-test was higher than the mean gain of the students’ pre-test. In the pre-test, the mean gain was 56.37; however, the students could achieve 74.05 in the post-test. In addition, students’ learning motivation increased in terms of: students involve in learning process, students solve the problem and search the issue, students try to work harder to avoid the failure. A demanding multimedia-based project in which students generated digital stories might give meaningful experience and increase improvement students’ spoken ability.
Features of the vagina microbiotope in patients with adenomyosis
Authors: Azizova M.E. , Bagirova H.F.
Published: May 2024

The objective: to assess the composition of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age with adenomyosis.Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical-laboratory and instrumental prospective examination of 224 patients aged 30 to 50 years (average age – 42.0±1.8 years) with adenomyosis, who were included in the main study group, was conducted. The patients of the main group were divided into 2 subgroups depending on the form of adenomyosis – I group (diffuse form) included 106 women, II group (nodular form) – 118 persons. The control group included 84 healthy women of reproductive age with a regular ovulatory menstrual cycle and no history of gynecological diseases.Patients underwent microscopic examination of vaginal secretions, bacterioscopic examination of vaginal smears, stained according to Gram. Lactobacillus cultures were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid analysis.​Results. During the microscopic examination of the vaginal secretion, more than 15 leukocytes in the field of view were detected in 84 (37.5±3.2%) patients of both groups: in 40 (47.9±3.3%) patients of the I group and in 44 (52.1±3.3%) – II group. During the bacterioscopic examination of vaginal swabs, stained according to Gram, no gonococci and trichomonads were found in the main group. Candida fungi were detected microscopically in 158 patients (70.5±3.1%) of the main group: in 71 (66.9±4.6%) of the I group and in 87 (33.1±4.3%) of II group.Genotyping results showed that lactobacilli isolated from women with adenomyosis belonged to seven species: Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus amnionii, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus crispatus, and Lactobacillus delbrueskii. The majority of lactobacilli strains have high inhibitory activity against all test strains, except for Candida albicans (39 cases, 46.4%). High adhesion to human erythrocytes was determined by 54.7% (46 cases) of the studied cultures.All lactobacilli strains were resistant to metronidazole, 83.3% (70 cases) to kanamycin, 57.1% (48 cases) to vancomycin, all strains were sensitive to roxithromycin, amoxiclav, and ampicillin. Moderate sensitivity to gentamicin and cefazolin was found in 51.9% (43 cases) of cultures, peroxide-forming activity in 80.9% (68 cases).The use of quantitative diagnostic thresholds has led to significant improvements in diagnostic performance. PCR showed 88% sensitivity and 95% specificity for Gardnerella vaginalis and 96% sensitivity and 97% specificity for Atopobium vaginae.Conclusions. It has been established that bacterial vaginosis and microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis are independently associated with adenomyosis. The results of the study confirmed that vaginal microorganisms, which are usually diagnosed in women with adenomyosis, ascend to the endometrium from the vagina vertically, which leads to infection of the upper parts of the genital tract.
Clinical experience of using the technique of uterine artery embolization in the treatment of submucous uterine fibroids in the Vidar Medical Center, Vinnytsia (2008–2022)
Authors: Tregub V.V. , Kondratyuk V.A. , Altman I.V. , Tarasiuk O.K. , Sikalo Yu.K.
Published: May 2024

Myoma of the uterus is a benign neoplasm. The technique of uterine artery embolization (UAE) is used to treat uterine fibroids and is highly effective. The principle of embolization is based on the fact that all blood vessels that supply the uterus end in the endometrium.During UAE small parts are injected – emboli, which are spread along these vessels with the blood flow. In the vessels of the myoma the emboli cannot pass through the capsule of the myoma, so they block the vessels that supply it with blood. This leads to the cessation of blood supply to myomatous nodes, and subsequently there is a decrease in the size of these nodes, on average by 50–60% during the year, with a gradual decrease during the following years of life.This minimally invasive procedure is performed under local anesthesia – after femoral artery puncture, with X-ray control of angiography and intraoperative assessment of blood flow in fibroid nodes using ultrasound (US).Over 15 years of work, 1,400 UAE operations of uterine fibroids have been performed, of which more than 70 cases are UAE of submucosal myomas. Later, when the clinical picture of expulsion of these submucosal nodes appeared, transvaginal myomectomy was performed. Such a combined technique demonstrated high efficiency.The article describes clinical cases of patients who received treatment of large submucosal myoma by the UAE method followed by transvaginal myomectomy of the nascent node. In total, 5 clinical cases are described, the results of ultrasound, macropreparations, and colposcopic images are presented. A clinical case of a uterine myoma, the size of which corresponded to 21 weeks of pregnancy and a volume of 1500 cm3, is presented: after the above complex treatment method the volume of the uterus decreased according to ultrasound examination to 122 cm3. Also, a clinical case of a patient with uterine myoma, massive bleeding, whose hemoglobin level was 67 g/l is described. The patient was performed by UAE followed by transvaginal myomectomy for expulsion of the submucosal node.So, the described complex method of treatment of submucous uterine fibroids demonstrated high efficiency of clinical results.
Non Adherence to Fluid Restriction among Patients who Undergoing Hemodialysis and Influencing Factors: Study at RSI Sakinah Mojokerto
Authors: Muhammad Zulfikar Asumta  , Herin Mawarti  , Siti Urifah  , Yuni Ernawati  , Mukhoirotin
Published: May 2024

Background: Nonadherence to Fluid Restriction is main problem among chronic renal failure patients who undergoing hemodialysis, it causingan undesirable effect on health and risk of death. Several factors such as sociodemographic, knowledge, susceptibility of illness, perceived treat, perceived controlare some factors influencing Nonadherence behavior.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors influencing Non-adherence to Fluid Restriction who undergoing hemodialysis at RSI Sakinah Mojokerto.
Methods: A descriptive analytic with crossectional techniques was conducted among 73 patients undergoing hemodialysis at RSI Sakinah Mojokerto by using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through checklist and questionnaires. Descriptive statistic was used for data analysis and logistic regression test was used analysis the predictor of factors relating with Non-adherence to Fluid Restriction who undergoing hemodialysis.
Results: The results of this study showed 37% patients were Non-adherence to Fluid Restriction and 63% patients were adherence. There were three risk factors for non-adherencee, namely (Health Belief Model) HBM, history of disease and length of time undergoing hemodialysis. HBM 0.132 times higher (95% CI: 0.132, 0.035), history of disease 0.072 times higher (95% CI: 0.072, 0.012), and length of time undergoing hemodialysis 0.071 times higher (95% CI: 0.071, 0.016).
Conclusion: HBM, history of disease and length of time undergoing hemodialysis were risk factors for Non-adherence to Fluid Restriction. The nurse should consider the patient's adherence with fluid restrictions in providing nursing care.
Evaluating Teaching Material Needs for Active Adults in West Java: A Study on Cholesterol, Blood Sugar, and Uric Acid Examinations
Authors: Nursiswati  , Deasy Silvya Sari  , Acob Joel Rey
Published: May 2024

Background: West Java is the province with the highest number of productive age population in Indonesia. The productivity of this age group is significantly influenced by health and education factors, with health teaching materials serving as educational tools. Among the challenges that hinder the productivity of active adults, chronic disease poses a significant threat.
Purpose: This study aimed to describe the cholesterol, blood sugar, and uric acid examinations in active adults, including the need for health teaching materials.
Method: The sampling method used was purposive sampling, with inclusion criteria being active adults aged 18 to 60 years, who work or study at an educational institution in Bandung Regency. Meanwhile, adults with mental illness were excluded, resulting in a sample size of 70 participants. The method for checking cholesterol, blood sugar, and uric acid used a Glucose Cholesterol Uric acid (GCU) meter.
Results: The results showed that 12 adults had high cholesterol levels, while 6 had elevated blood sugar and uric acid levels. In the young age group (aged 18-44 years), 2 adults experienced hypercholesterolemia. The most sought-after teaching material for chronic disease was preventing sugar intake in soft drinks and the benefits of enhancing a healthy lifestyle through education. Furthermore, establishing prevention programs in educational institutions is an essential requirement to prevent the development of chronic and safeguard the productivity of active adults.
Conclusions: Based on the results, it was recommended that productive and active adults receive training in chronic disease awareness and facilitate regular general check-ups (GCUs). This proactive approach was expected to contribute to the development and health security of the country.
The Difference in the Effectiveness of Removing the Modern Super Ring Circumcision Device with Olive Drops and Aloe Vera Ointment Treatment
Authors: Sutrisno  , Taufiq Abdullah  , Mayta Sari Dwianggimawati
Published: May 2024

Background: Circumcision using the Super Ring method requires removing the ring after the wound is dry by treating used the principle of moisture.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the effectiveness of removing the Modern Super Ring Circumcision Device with Olive Drops and Aloe vera Ointment treatment.
Method: The research design used Pre-Experimental with a post test only approach, used Accidental Sampling with a research sample of 32 respondents and tested using the Mann Whitney test. The majority of 14 respondents (87.4%) removed the circumcision ring with aloe vera ointment treatment in less than 10 days, while the majority of 15 respondents (93.7%) received circumcision ring removal with olive drops in more than 10 days.
Results: The results of the Mann Whitney Test obtained a p value of 0.000, indicating that there was a significant difference, aloe vera ointment showed that the average time required to remove the Circumcision Ring was faster than olive drops.
Conclusion: Aloe vera ointment made the wound environment more moist, thereby speeding up the wound healing process.
A vueltas con la pérdida de oportunidad en la responsabilidad sanitaria
Authors: Santos Morón María José
Published: May 2024

La figura de la pérdida de oportunidad, que es reconocida y empleada por los tribunales en numerosos ordenamientos, aunque rechazada, en cambio, en otros, presenta contornos difusos y suscita numerosas dudas y controversias. La doctrina discute en torno a su naturaleza jurídica y, asimismo, en torno a las condiciones que han de darse para que proceda su aplicación. La jurisprudencia española viene acudiendo a esta figura en diversos ámbitos y uno de ellos es el de la responsabilidad sanitaria. Lo curioso es que los supuestos concretos en los que se emplea varían según que se trate de la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa o de la civil. Este trabajo pretende delimitar claramente estos supuestos para, tras pronunciarse sobre la naturaleza y presupuestos de la figura analizada, comprobar si tiene sentido resolver los problemas que se plantean acudiendo a ella o, por el contrario, sería más sensato buscar otra solución. Asimismo, pretende comprobar si, en los casos en que está justificado el recurso a la teoría de la pérdida de oportunidad, los tribunales hacen una aplicación correcta de la misma.
Liberalismo, punibilidad y consentimiento
Authors: Mañalich Raffo Juan Pablo
Published: May 2024

El artículo revisa los aspectos centrales del programa de filosofía del derecho penal que es posible extraer de la obra de Carlos Nino. El foco queda puesto en tres problemas fundamentales, a saber: el basamento ético-discursivo de los principios de justificación de la punición; la función de lo que Nino llama el “principio de enantiotelidad” como un criterio de derrotabilidad de las normas cuya aplicación incide en la fundamentación de la punibilidad; y la conexión que cabe identificar entre el marcado antirretribucionismo de Nino y su negación de que el derecho se corresponda con un dominio normativamente autónomo. El análisis de la argumentación de Nino vuelve reconocibles algunas implicaciones sobresalientes de su compromiso con la doctrina política del liberalismo.
Inteligencia artificial y control policial
Authors: López Riba José María
Published: May 2024

Las aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito del control policial han generado un enfoque dual: por un lado, una creciente fascinación y entusiasmo debido a las posibilidades innovadoras; por otro lado, un conjunto de preocupaciones y cuestionamientos profundos sobre su implementación y sus posibles implicaciones en términos de derechos y justicia social. A pesar de que ya existen investigaciones sustanciales al respecto y se han planteado diversas inquietudes, el tema sigue despertando muchas expectativas exageradas. Es esencial comprender la base de estas expectativas y su origen, ya que a menudo están enraizadas en intereses económicos y en la promesa de una aplicación objetiva y neutral de la tecnología en el ámbito policial. Aquí es donde deben entrar en juego las reflexiones de las ciencias sociales, desempeñando un papel fundamental en la reconfiguración del debate entre optimistas y pesimistas.
Responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración por daños causados por delincuentes que «deberían haber estado en prisión»
Authors: Doménech Pascual Gabriel
Published: May 2024

En ocasiones, una persona sospechosa de haber cometido un delito o penada con prisión delinque nuevamente como consecuencia de que un agente público permitió, deliberada o involuntariamente, que dicha persona se encontrara en libertad. Los tribunales españoles se han mostrado extraordinariamente generosos con las víctimas que en estos casos ejercen acciones de responsabilidad civil extracontractual contra el Estado. Tras detallar los tipos de casos en los que se ha planteado el referido problema y los argumentos utilizados para resolverlo, el trabajo pone de manifiesto las inconsistencias de esta jurisprudencia y critica que en esta materia nuestros jueces hayan aplicado una regla de responsabilidad objetiva e imputado a la Administración todos los daños causados por los delincuentes.
Historical and legal basis for the organization of intelligence activities in the field of moral protection (IX — early XX centuries)
Authors: Sarkisyan Gor , Fomichev Andrey , Faybusovich Konstantin
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of the legal basis for the organization of operational-search activities in the field of moral protection, which existed in domestic legislation in the period from the 9th to the beginning of the 20th centuries. The role of operational-search activity as an organizational form of state-legal protection of morality is substantiated. A conclusion about the historically inherent relationship between operational-search activity and state-legal protection of morality is substantiated.
International experience in countering criminally punishable acts in the field of public procurement: historical and criminal aspects
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry , Filatova Irina , Gorach Nikolai , Dolinko Vasily
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the international and historical experience of the formation of regulatory legal frameworks providing for criminal liability for crimes in the field of procurement for public needs in Russia and in foreign countries. Law enforcement practice has shown that all these criminal acts fall within the scope of a specific criminal law norm, taking into account those specific relations that are characteristic of the public procurement system. The authors conclude that the experience of some foreign countries can be taken into account when developing legislative provisions establishing responsibility for these crimes.
Associative approach of foreign travelers to the description of Muscovy: cities, architecture and artistic values
Authors: Cherny Valentin
Published: May 2024

Associations had become the first step in the West’s acquaintance with Russian cities, architecture, painting and other artistic values. The article is the first attempt to trace and explain the process of foreigners’ cognition of Russian culture. Drawing analogies to the evaluation of the object was a step towards the analysis of the art form. It was carried out at the level of everyday associations and proceeded from the stereotypes that existed in Europe and the subjective impressions of specific travelers. The range of comparisons included sizes, shapes, materials, methods of their processing, historical and specific oppositions.
Alcohol consumption practices in the Russian countryside in the first third of 20th century
Authors: Shevchenko Ivan
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the characterization of alcohol consumption practices in the Russian countryside of the 1900s - 1920s in connection with the metamorphoses of state and social development and the vicissitudes of government policy in the drinking issue. Based on the analysis of various studies and sources, the conclusion is made about the stability of sporadic consumption of alcoholic beverages in the peasant environment and the absence of significant corrections of this drinking model. It is noted that the transformation of the practice of alcohol consumption in the village occurred under the influence of the policy of “raskrestyanivaniye”, which was carried out by the Soviet government since the late 1920s, completely changing the way of life of rural inhabitants.
The state and the church in the Russian Empire: problems of relationship in the 19th — early 20th centuries
Authors: Kuliev Farman , Kolesnikov Ilya , Osipov Stanislav , Kasparyan Konstantin
Published: May 2024

This article examines the history of the complex relationship between the Russian state and the Russian Orthodox Church. On the one hand, the Orthodox Church was under the protection of the state, and on the other, it was dependent on it. The synodal system of church administration was part of the state apparatus with all the ensuing consequences. Particular attention is paid to religious policy of the emperors, which was aimed at establishing national and religious monolithic and strengthening the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in public life of the country, noting that many problems in the sphere of state-religious and inter-religious relations were associated with the processes of entry and integration of several nations into the Russian Empire.
Smart technologies among entrepreneurs and its impact on competition
Authors: Krasnov Sergey
Published: May 2024

In this article, the author simultaneously examines several of the most relevant problems for the recent history of Russia related to the legal status of individual entrepreneurs, self-employed citizens and real impact of smart technologies on competition between them.
Improving Global and Math-Specific Teacher–Toddler Interactions through an Intervention for Early Childcare Teachers: The Role of Activity Settings
Authors: Baron Franka , Linberg Anja , Dornheim Dorothea , Lehrl Simone
Published: May 2024

This study is part of the ‘EarlyMath’ project, in which two teacher trainings, identical in terms of method and scope, but different in terms of focus and content, were developed to enhance global and math-specific teacher–toddler interactions in early childhood education and care (ECEC). We aimed to answer two questions: (1) Do trainings improve global and math-specific interactions to the same extent and (2) does this improvement vary with activity setting (free play vs. structured activity)? Teachers from 95 toddler classrooms were randomly assigned to three groups: math-specific intervention (MIG), global intervention (GIG), and control (CG). The training was structured through nine modules emphasizing practical aspects, which included video analyses and role-plays. The results showed that the teacher training improved math-specific interactions in the MIG during free play, but not during structured activities. Global interaction quality did not significantly improve in both intervention groups compared to the control group. This study highlights the potential of teacher training to enhance interactions in ECEC by emphasizing the specific role of activity settings.
Novel Detection of Hospital Malware Using Network Pattern Analysis
Authors: 郝品量  , Liu Jinquan , Wang Lian
Published: May 2024

Advancements in machine learning offer potent solutions for cybersecurity, particularly in sensitive environments like hospital networks where the integrity and availability of data are paramount. In response to the escalating sophistication of cyber threats, a novel system utilizing adaptive machine learning algorithms was developed to detect malware with enhanced accuracy and responsiveness. This system demonstrated a notable capability to identify various types of malware, including zero-day attacks, achieving a detection accuracy of 92%. Comparative evaluations showed that this system significantly outperforms traditional signature-based systems and other contemporary machine learning-based approaches, which typically show lower accuracy and adaptability. The study revealed the importance of integrating real-time data analysis to adaptively refine detection algorithms, allowing the system to effectively respond to evolving threats, which not only enhances the security of hospital networks but also supports the broader application of intelligent, predictive cybersecurity measures in healthcare. Looking ahead, future work will focus on expanding the dataset to include more varied network conditions, integrating more diverse data sources, and employing federated learning techniques. These enhancements aim to improve scalability, enhance data privacy, and foster a collaborative security framework among healthcare institutions, further strengthening defenses against an ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats.
Unravelling the impact of light, temperature and nutrient dynamics on duckweed growth
Authors: Camargo-Valero Miller Alonso , Pasos-Panqueva Johan , Baker Alison
Published: May 2024

Nature-based solutions have been proven in recent decades as a reliable and cost-effective technology for the treatment of wastewater. They are widely used in several countries, mainly as secondary or tertiary biological treatment. Such systems rely on the ability of photosynthetic organisms to assimilate and remove, to a certain extent, nutrients valuable for their own growth. Different plant species have been studied for this purpose, but particular attention has been given to duckweeds, the smallest flowering plant in the world. These plants have been proven to be highly efficient for wastewater treatment given their rapid growth, natural abundance among macrophytes, and the quality of the biomass produced. However, despite being considered a seemingly simple technology, the performance of treatment systems based on duckweed is dependent on environmental and operational conditions not very well understood. While there have been many studies on growth of duckweed for wastewater treatment, the difference in species, systems, variables, scales and reporting units make it very difficult to draw comparisons across studies. This study employs a systematic review approach to conduct a meta-analysis of the effect of temperature, light, and nutrient availability on duckweed growth by means of standardized IQ-scores. The analysis of the results considered the duckweed species being used and the interaction between these parameters. The results suggest that daily light integral (DLI) is a useful parameter to assess the overall effect of light (photoperiod and intensity) on duckweed growth and that the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus supply should consider the nitrogen species available for plant growth and its ratio to phosphorus concentrations. By establishing the optimal range of culture conditions for duckweed, this study provides important insights for optimizing wastewater treatment systems that rely on duckweed for nutrient control and recovery, which is primarily mediated by duckweed growth.
Individual Differences in Visual Illusions: Graphical and Analytic Approaches For Finding Structure in Real-World Cases
Authors: Mehrvarz Mahbod , Popat Hrithik , Rouder Jeffrey N.
Published: May 2024

Are people who are susceptible to one illusion susceptible to others? Previous research has shown small correlations, but might small values reflect attenuation from measurement error? Data from 149 participants on 2 variants of 5 illusions were collected using an adjustment paradigm. The resulting data are of notable high quality inasmuch as there is relatively little within-subject variability and relatively much between-subject variability ($\gamma^2 \approx 1.14$, reliability $\approx .93$). Because the data are of such high quality, correlations may be estimated to high precision. In line with previous research, these cross-illusion correlations are low in value, about .22$\pm .07$. A Bayesian hierarchical analysis reveals that there is almost no attenuation from measurement error in these values. Though correlations are low, latent variable analysis reveals that the pattern among these correlations yields a single, common latent factor. This factor loads on every illusion and accounts for about 25\% of the variance in each; thus it is a {\em susceptibility to illusions} factor. We provide a novel set of statistical and graphical analyses focused on understanding the uncertainty in effects, correlations, and latent variables.
Generalizability and Effectiveness of Choice Architecture Interventions
Authors: Szaszi Barnabas , Goldstein Daniel G , Soman Dilip , Michie Susan
Published: May 2024

There is considerable heterogeneity in the impact of choice architecture interventions (‘nudges’), while their average effectiveness to change behavior is modest. Although they can be highly effective in some conditions, they may be ineffective in others and counter-productive in yet others. One cannot reliably predict which of these outcomes will happen due to a lack of knowledge about the generalizability of prior results. The limitations of generalizability stem from several sources. Multiple moderators operating through different mechanisms and interacting in complex ways can impact intervention effectiveness, while hidden moderators can emerge unexpectedly. In this review, we discuss the effectiveness of choice architecture interventions and highlight the obstacles to generalizability. We further review the applicable strategies (exploring and measuring potential moderators, designing for generalizability, optimizing sampling for generalizability, and enhancing reporting techniques) that could help the field of applied behavioral science more efficiently accumulate evidence about the generalizability of nudges. We conclude that adopting these practices, along with leveraging large-scale collaborations and artificial intelligence, is essential for accurately predicting the effectiveness of choice architecture interventions across diverse contexts.
Update of the Altered States Database (ASDB): 2023-12-31
Authors: Devitt Kasey , Prugger Johanna , Hirschfeld Tim , Schmidt Timo Torsten
Published: May 2024

The open data initiative Altered States Database (ASDB) collects psychometric questionnaire data on the subjective experiences of pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically induced altered states of consciousness. The ASDB is updated yearly and can be utilized by both researchers and non-scientists to access information or undertake further work on the data. The current update adds data published in the year 2023, taken from a systematic literature review adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 454 items were screened, resulting in 13 included journal articles, of which ten report on the 11-Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (11-ASC), eight on the 5D-ASC, six on the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ-30), and one on the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI). Cumulatively, the ASDB now contains data on 22 substances and 13 techniques to induce altered states (plus control substances/techniques), incorporating 198 journal articles and 847 single datasets. The ASDB can be accessed on www.asdb.info and on Open Science Framework (OSF; https://osf.io/8mbru).
Conducting eating behaviour change research in the field: common problems and recommendations
Authors: Vysevkova Violetta , Hollands Gareth J , Pechey Rachel , Reynolds James
Published: May 2024

Background: Interventions in food environments to improve eating behaviours could make substantial progress towards tackling obesity and improving health in general. However, testing these interventions in field settings (e.g., cafeterias, supermarkets) is logistically complex, time consuming, and offers many challenges to implementation and evaluation. This study aimed to identify common problems faced by researchers who have conducted behaviour change research on eating behaviours in field settings. These insights can inform the planning and conduct of field studies as well as inform the development of guidelines to improve the quality of future field research.Methods: Qualitative content analysis of open text responses by 32 researchers with experience of conducting field studies targeting eating behaviours. An online survey was distributed that contained a mixture of closed and open questions to identify common problems encountered during research on changing eating behaviours in field environments, how researchers solved or managed these problems, and the impact they perceived the problems had on the validity of their results.Results: Content analysis yielded 23 subcategories of distinct problems which fell into three categories: recruitment, data collection/analysis, and intervention delivery. There were also three categories of solutions which mapped onto the three problem categories. There were 21 subcategories of solutions, with some problems having multiple solutions and some having none. 88% of researchers’ responses stated that these problems affected the validity of their own research: 51% to a small extent, 31% to a moderate extent, and 6% to a large extent.Conclusions: A large majority of researchers reported that practical problems occurred during field studies that they have conducted and that these problems may have affected the validity of their results. We provide a preliminary set of guidelines for predicting and managing problems that occur when conducting behaviour change research in such settings.
Examining the Ability of Digital Visual Art Engagement to Cultivate Empathy and Social Connection
Authors: Cotter Katherine N. , Mahlobo Christa T. , Smith Brittany , Niepold Suzannah , Rizzo Adam , Pawelski James
Published: May 2024

In this study, we aimed to impact social connectedness and perspective taking using visual art-based psychoeducational materials and skill-building exercises. Participants (N = 381) were assigned to one of three conditions—perspective taking, social connection, or art education control—and watched psychoeducational videos. People then completed a series of 4 weekly virtual art gallery visits. People completed measures of empathy, social connection, and loneliness at baseline, following each visit, and one-week post intervention. Participants reported their level of immersion and reflectiveness following each visit. Results suggest the conditions did not show changes one week post intervention; however, there were interesting findings post-visit. First, reflection was highest in the perspective taking condition, and the social connection condition showed increases in reflection across the sessions. Second, the social connection condition showed reductions in loneliness across the session, which may have been driven by the increases in reflection across time.
Rebel financing and the commitment problem in civil conflict: An Application to Northern Ireland
Authors: Jennings Colin , Sanchez-Pages Santiago
Published: May 2024

Why is a peace agreement acceptable at some point in time but not earlier? We argue that the commitment problem combined with the nature of rebel financing can help explain this. Crucial to our argument is that the composition of financing between donations and self-generated funds through organised crime and local governance determine the size of anticipated shifts in the future power of rebel groups. When donations are the main source of funds, shifts in rebel strength will more likely be large and be preempted through conflict by the state. When rebels obtain mainly self-generated funds, shifts in power will more likely be small and allow for peace. We apply this theory to the Northern Ireland conflict and analyse why the 1998 Belfast Agreement was credible, but the very similar failed Sunningdale Agreement in 1973 was not. Our paper contributes to the literature on the boundary between political violence and organised crime.
L'ascesa di Carlo Strata all'ombra di Ambrogio Spinola
Authors: Montanarella Federico
Published: May 2024

Carlo Strata (circa 1575 – 1639) fu uno dei principali banchieri e creditori della corona spagnola nella prima metà del XVII secolo. Appartenente alla nación genovese in Spagna, egli giunse all’apice delle gerarchie spagnole partendo da umili origini: egli iniziò la sua carriera in Spagna quale agente del grande Ambrogio Spinola (1569-1630), genovese e comandante dell’armata delle Fiandre. Nonostante il grande potere e influenza che lo Strata ebbe in Spagna, la sua vita rimane ancora per gran parte sconosciuta ed in attesa di riemergere dalla storia.Lo scopo di questo lavoro è dunque aggiungere un ulteriore tassello nella ricostruzione del mosaico che è la vita di Carlo Strata, partendo dalle fonti primarie in nostro possesso. In particolare, dal momento che uno dei pochi fatti certi è il suo rapporto con Ambrogio Spinola, ci proponiamo qui di ricostruire la figura dello Strata a partire dalla sua relazione con lo Spinola, focalizzandoci particolarmente sul suo ruolo di agente in Spagna e analizzando i fattori chiave che contribuirono alla sua straordinaria ascesa. Per questa analisi abbiamo impiegato fonti primarie quali la corrispondenza tra Carlo Strata ed Ambrogio Spinola conservata negli Archivi del Regno a Bruxelles.Il rapporto tra Carlo Strata ed Ambrogio Spinola è stato, come vedremo, un rapporto complesso e dalle molte sfaccettature. Se all’inizio Carlo è principalmente un agente finanziario, il suo ruolo si evolve nel tempo fino a trasformarlo in un agente a tutto tondo, incaricato di gestire non solo le operazioni finanziarie ed i beni di Ambrogio in Spagna, ma anche i favori e la rete clientelare, la carriera e la vita privata dei suoi figli, nonché di sondare e plasmare l’opinione della corte nei confronti di Ambrogio stesso. Il complesso ruolo di Carlo alla corte di Spagna, per il quale il termine “agente”, come vedremo, è forse riduttivo, viene qui analizzato nelle sue varie componenti in altrettanti capitoli.
Contours of Care: A Qualitative Cross-Cultural Examination of Psychological and Social Support for Refugees in South Korea and West Germany
Authors: Gorenflo Lea , Braune Florian , Schnee Melanie
Published: May 2024

Integrating North Korean refugees into South Korean society is becoming increasingly challenging due to often unrecognised psychological and social disorders that impede successful adaptation. A comparative analysis of Korean and German histories shows striking similarities between the migration movements after the Second World War. This interview study examines the applicability of German integration strategies to the Korean context. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving open, semi-standardised, and problem-oriented expert interviews. This approach was instrumental in eliciting detailed insights and perspectives from experts in the field, ensuring a thorough exploration of the research questions. Findings show that both countries rely predominantly on financial and material assistance, with limited focus on psychological, social, and medical care. While there are striking similarities in migration movements, differences in political contexts and temporal factors make it difficult to directly apply the German experiences to the Korean integration process. Therefore, our study offers general recommendations for providing psychological and social support to North Korean refugees, acknowledging the necessity for context-specific strategies.
Silent Justice: Exploring the lack of EU litigation for migrant rights in Greece
Authors: Passalacqua Virginia
Published: May 2024

This paper deals with a case in which EU justice has not been mobilized: Greece. Despite the large migration flows, Greek judges have never made a preliminary reference in the migration and asylum fields until 2023. Why was Greece, the EU frontline immigration country, a zero-reference case?Drawing on qualitative and doctrinal research, this paper tests two hypotheses. The first is derived from the ‘judicial empowerment thesis’ and posits that Greek judges proved reluctant to refer for political or institutional reasons. The second hypothesis stems from scholarship that has unveiled the role of lawyers and civil society actors as promoters of EU litigation; following this, we should expect that a lack of references means a lack of activist lawyers, skills, or resources. The paper finds that a combination of structural and subjective factors explains the absence of references. Contrary to common assumptions, Greek judges are not particularly reluctant to refer. The paper goes beyond judges and shows that mobilizing actors’ perceptions, legal consciousness, and traditional methods of action explain why they have not pushed for references.
Global Membership Education: Überlegungen zu einer Theorie sozialer Bildung wechselseitiger Verwiesenheit
Authors: Berndt Constanze
Published: May 2024

In diesem Artikel werden zentrale Linien der MembershipTheorie Sozialer Arbeit auf eine Theorie sozialer Bildung wechselseitiger Verwiesenheit im globalen Horizont – die Global Membership Education – zugespitzt. Aus einer sozialontologischen und global orientierten Perspektive wird ein Perspektivwechsel als ein Komplement zur Global Citizenship Education vorgeschlagen, in dem wechselseitige Abhängigkeiten, kollektives Handeln und Widerstand zusammengedacht werden.