bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daily Spillover of Low‐Income Mothers' Perceived Workload to Mood and Mother–Child Interactions
Authors: Gassman‐Pines Anna
Published: June 2014

This study investigated associations of low‐income working mothers' daily perceived workload and their reports of their own mood and their interactions with their young children. Sixty‐one mothers were asked to report on their workload, mood, and interactions with their preschool‐age children every day for 2 weeks (N = 520 work days). Low‐income mothers reported significant day‐to‐day variability in workload. The results revealed a curvilinear pattern of negative work‐to‐family spillover: Both lower‐than‐average and higher‐than‐average workload days were associated with increased negative and tired mood, decreased positive mood, and increased harsh mother–child interactions. Although both younger and older mothers experienced a curvilinear pattern of spillover to daily mood, younger mothers in the period of emerging adulthood also experienced spillover to mother–child interactions, perhaps because they are still learning how to balance work and family demands. Both high and low workload are salient stressors in the daily lives of low‐wage working mothers.
Gender Differences in Marital Satisfaction: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Jackson Jeffrey B. , Miller Richard B. , Oka Megan , Henry Ryan G.
Published: June 2014

The purpose of the present meta‐analysis was to empirically test the widely held assumption that women experience lower marital satisfaction than men. A total of 226 independent samples with a combined sum of 101,110 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall results indicated statistically significant yet very small gender differences in marital satisfaction between wives and husbands, with wives slightly less satisfied than husbands; moderator analyses, however, indicated that this difference was due to the inclusion of clinical samples, with wives in marital therapy 51% less likely to be satisfied with their marital relationship than their husbands. The effect size for nonclinical community‐based samples indicated no significant gender differences among couples in the general population. Additional moderator analyses indicated that there were also no gender differences when the levels of marital satisfaction of husbands and wives in the same relationship (i.e., dyadic data) were compared.
Paternal Incarceration and the Housing Security of Urban Mothers
Authors: Geller Amanda , Franklin Allyson Walker
Published: June 2014

High rates of imprisonment among American fathers have motivated an ongoing examination of incarceration's role in family life. A growing literature suggests that incarceration creates material and socioemotional challenges not only for prisoners and former prisoners but also for their families and communities. The authors examined the relationship between fathers' incarceration and one such challenge: the housing insecurity of the mothers of their children. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,125) and a series of longitudinal regression models, they found that mothers' housing security was compromised following their partners' incarceration, an association likely driven in part, but not entirely, by financial challenges following his time in prison or jail. Given the importance of stable housing for the continuity of adult employment, children's schooling, and other inputs to healthy child development, the findings suggest a grave threat to the well‐being of children with incarcerated fathers.
Paternal Hostility and Maternal Hostility in European American and African American Families
Authors: Wu Ed Y. , Reeb Ben T. , Martin Monica J. , Gibbons Frederick X. , Simons Ronald L. , Conger Rand D.
Published: June 2014

The authors examined the hypothesized influence of maternal and paternal hostility on youth delinquency over time. The investigation addressed significant gaps in earlier research on parental hostility, including the neglect of father effects, especially in African American families. Using prospective, longitudinal data from community samples of European American (n = 422) and African American (n = 272) 2‐parent families, the authors examined the independent effects of paternal and maternal hostility on youth delinquency. The results indicated that paternal hostility significantly predicted relative increases in youth delinquent behaviors above and beyond the effects of maternal hostility; conversely, maternal hostility did not predict youth delinquency after controlling for paternal hostility. Multiple‐group analyses yielded similar results for both ethnic groups and for boys and girls. These results underscore the importance of including both parents in research on diverse families. Neglecting fathers provides an incomplete account of parenting in relation to youth development.
An Empirical Investigation of the Antecedents and Outcomes of NPD Portfolio Success
Authors: Kester Linda , Hultink Erik Jan , Griffin Abbie
Published: June 2014

Managing new product development (NPD) portfolios is difficult and little is known about how successful NPD portfolio management can improve overall firm performance. Despite regular calls in the literature for more research on NPD portfolio management, what successful NPD portfolio management means and how firms can achieve it remains unclear. For this reason, this paper combines theory and previous empirical findings to build a model of the antecedents and outcomes of NPD portfolio success. We generate and test 12 hypotheses with empirical data from 189 paired dyads in Dutch firms.

Our results show that all three dimensions of NPD portfolio decision‐making effectiveness (i.e., portfolio mindset, focus, and agility) are associated with achieving the three dimensions of NPD portfolio success (i.e., strategic alignment, maximal NPD portfolio value, and portfolio balance), which in turn influences market performance. While a portfolio mindset and agility are related to all three dimensions of NPD portfolio success, focus is related only to strategic alignment and maximal value. No one dimension of NPD portfolio decision‐making effectiveness or portfolio success is sufficient to achieve overall market performance. We also found several unexpected findings with important implications. For example, portfolio balance, one recommended measure of portfolio success, has no direct link to market performance, but operates through the other two dimensions of NPD portfolio success, i.e., strategic alignment and maximal portfolio value. We conclude our paper with implications for further theory development and testing on successful NPD portfolio decision‐making, and with implications for managerial practice.
Spin injection behavior in conducting polymer coated superparamagnetically functional microstructures
Authors: Prasad Arun S.
Published: June 2014

A nanoferrite superparamagnetic system synthesized through co-precipitation method and subsequently dispersed in a medium of de-ionized water was encapsulated with a matrix polymer under constant sonication using chemical oxidative polymerization technique. The polymer coated functional microstructure thus obtained shows enhanced magnetization as evidenced from the results reported elsewhere. The magnetic core crystal growth and anti-spin canting hypothesis were given to be the most general justification behind the unusual enhancement in magnetization and more specifically the rationale could understand recently in accordance with spin injection behavior in functional core-shell microstructures. In this paper, an attempt has been made to correlate the previous magnetization results with spin injection behavior, in conjunction with the thermo gravimetric and dielectric results.
PEOPLE WATCH
Authors: Lim Rachel
Published: June 2014

Microchip Innovations.
Squares in blocks from an arithmetic progression and Galois group of Laguerre polynomials
Authors: Saradha N. , Shorey T. N.
Published: June 2014

We investigate when a product of t ≥ 2 terms taken from a set of k successive terms in arithmetic progression is a perfect square. Further, we study the Galois group of Laguerre polynomials. For this, we consider products, which are perfect squares and having terms from two blocks of arithmetic progression.
Effect of improving the usability of an e-learning resource: a randomized trial
Authors: Davids Mogamat Razeen , Chikte Usuf M. E. , Halperin Mitchell L.
Published: June 2014

Optimizing the usability of e-learning materials is necessary to reduce extraneous cognitive load and maximize their potential educational impact. However, this is often neglected, especially when time and other resources are limited. We conducted a randomized trial to investigate whether a usability evaluation of our multimedia e-learning resource, followed by fixing of all problems identified, would translate into improvements in usability parameters and learning by medical residents. Two iterations of our e-learning resource [ version 1 (V1) and version 2 (V2)] were compared. V1 was the first fully functional version and V2 was the revised version after all identified usability problems were addressed. Residents in internal medicine and anesthesiology were randomly assigned to one of the versions. Usability was evaluated by having participants complete a user satisfaction questionnaire and by recording and analyzing their interactions with the application. The effect on learning was assessed by questions designed to test the retention and transfer of knowledge. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with both versions, with good ratings on the System Usability Scale and adjective rating scale. In contrast, analysis of video recordings revealed significant differences in the occurrence of serious usability problems between the two versions, in particular in the interactive HandsOn case with its treatment simulation, where there was a median of five serious problem instances (range: 0–50) recorded per participant for V1 and zero instances (range: 0–1) for V2 ( P < 0.001). There were no differences in tests of retention or transfer of knowledge between the two versions. In conclusion, usability evaluation followed by a redesign of our e-learning resource resulted in significant improvements in usability. This is likely to translate into improved motivation and willingness to engage with the learning material. In this population of relatively high-knowledge participants, learning scores were similar across the two versions.
Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Survival ofCryptosporidiumandGiardiaon Environmental Surfaces
Authors: Alum Absar , Absar Isra M. , Asaad Hamas , Rubino Joseph R. , Ijaz M. Khalid
Published: June 2014

The objective of this study was to find out the impact of environmental conditions on the survival of intestinal parasites on environmental surfaces commonly implicated in the transmission of these parasites. The study was performed by incubatingCryptosporidiumandGiardia(oo)cysts on environmentally relevant surfaces such as brushed stainless steel, formica, ceramic, fabric, and skin. Parallel experiments were conducted using clean and soiled coupons incubated under three temperatures. The die-off coefficient rates (K) were calculated using first-order exponential formula. For both parasites, the fastest die-off was recorded on fabric, followed by ceramic, formica, skin, and steel. Die-off rates were directly correlated to the incubation temperatures and surface porosity. The presence of organic matter enhanced the survivability of the resting stages of test parasites. The decay rates calculated in this study can be used in models for public health decision-making process and highlights the mitigation role of hand hygiene agents in their prevention and control.
Bargmann Type Systems for the Generalization of Toda Lattices
Authors: Li Fang , Lu Liping
Published: June 2014

Under a constraint between the potentials and eigenfunctions, the nonlinearization of the Lax pairs associated with the discrete hierarchy of a generalization of the Toda lattice equation is proposed, which leads to a new symplectic map and a class of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. The generating function of the integrals of motion is presented, by which the symplectic map and these finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems are further proved to be completely integrable in the Liouville sense. Finally, the representation of solutions for a lattice equation in the discrete hierarchy is obtained.
Estimates for Genetic Variance Components in Reciprocal Recurrent Selection in Populations Derived from Maize Single-Cross Hybrids
Authors: dos Reis Matheus Costa , Pádua José Maria Villela , Abreu Guilherme Barbosa , Guedes Fernando Lisboa , Balbi Rodrigo Vieira , de Souza João Cândido
Published: June 2014

This study was carried out to obtain the estimates of genetic variance and covariance components related to intra- and interpopulation in the original populations (C0) and in the third cycle (C3) of reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) which allows breeders to define the best breeding strategy. For that purpose, the half-sib progenies of intrapopulation (P11and P22) and interpopulation (P12and P21) from populations 1 and 2 derived from single-cross hybrids in the 0 and 3 cycles of the reciprocal recurrent selection program were used. The intra- and interpopulation progenies were evaluated in a10×10triple lattice design in two separate locations. The data for unhusked ear weight (ear weight without husk) and plant height were collected. All genetic variance and covariance components were estimated from the expected mean squares. The breakdown of additive variance into intrapopulation and interpopulation additive deviations (στ2) and the covariance between these and their intrapopulation additive effects (CovAτ) found predominance of the dominance effect for unhusked ear weight. Plant height for these components shows that the intrapopulation additive effect explains most of the variation. Estimates for intrapopulation and interpopulation additive genetic variances confirm that populations derived from single-cross hybrids have potential for recurrent selection programs.
Nonlinear Evolution Equations for Broader Bandwidth Wave Packets in Crossing Sea States
Authors: Debsarma S. , Senapati S. , Das K. P.
Published: June 2014

Two coupled nonlinear equations are derived describing the evolution of two broader bandwidth surface gravity wave packets propagating in two different directions in deep water. The equations, being derived for broader bandwidth wave packets, are applicable to more realistic ocean wave spectra in crossing sea states. The two coupled evolution equations derived here have been used to investigate the instability of two uniform wave trains propagating in two different directions. We have shown in figures the behaviour of the growth rate of instability of these uniform wave trains for unidirectional as well as for bidirectional perturbations. The figures drawn here confirm the fact that modulational instability in crossing sea states with broader bandwidth wave packets can lead to the formation of freak waves.
Cathodic Protection of Pipeline Using Distributed Control System
Authors: Jayapalan Gopalakrishnan , Agnihotri Ganga , Deshpande D. M.
Published: June 2014

Distributed control system (DCS) is available in most of the compressor stations of cross-country pipeline systems. Programmable logic controller (PLC) is used in all the intermediate pigging (IP) stations/sectional valve (SV) stations to collect the field data and to control the remote actuated valves. This paper presents how DCS or PLC can be used for cathodic protection of gas pipelines. Virtual instrumentation (VI) software is used here for simulation and real-time implementation purpose. Analog input channels available in DCS/PLC can be used to measure pipe to soil potential (PSP) with the help of half-cell and voltage transducer. Logic blocks available in DCS can be used as low selector switch to select the lowest PSP. Proportional-integral (PI) controller available in DCS/PLC can be used for taking the controlling action. PI controller output varies the firing angle of AC phase controller. Phase controller output is rectified, filtered, and fed to the pipeline as cathodic protection current. Proposed scheme utilizes existing infrastructure to control pipeline corrosion.
Computation of the Eigenpairs of Two-Parameter Sturm-Liouville Problems Using theRegularized Sampling Method
Authors: Chanane B. , Boucherif A.
Published: June 2014

This paper deals with the computation of the eigenvalues of two-parameter Sturm-Liouville (SL) problems using theRegularized Sampling Method, a method which has been effective in computing the eigenvalues of broad classes of SL problems (singular, non-self-adjoint, nonlocal, impulsive, etc.). We have shown, in this work that it can tackle two-parameter SL problems with equal ease. An example was provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
On the Spectral Properties of the Weighted Mean Difference Operator Gu,v;Δ over the Sequence Space ℓ1
Authors: Baliarsingh P. , Dutta S.
Published: June 2014

In the present work the generalized weighted mean difference operator Gu,v;Δ has been introduced by combining the generalized weighted mean and difference operator under certain special cases of sequences u=(uk) and v=(vk). For any two sequences u and v of either constant or strictly decreasing real numbers satisfying certain conditions the difference operator Gu,v;Δ is defined by (G(u,v;Δ)x)k=∑i=0k‍ukvi(xi-xi-1) with xk=0 for all k<0. Furthermore, we compute the spectrum and the fine spectrum of the operator Gu,v;Δ over the sequence space l1. In fact, we determine the spectrum, the point spectrum, the residual spectrum, and the continuous spectrum of this operator on the sequence space l1.
Non-Self-Similar Dead-Core Rate for the Fast Diffusion Equation with Dependent Coefficient
Authors: Zhu Liping , Zhang Zhengce
Published: June 2014

We consider the dead-core problem for the fast diffusion equation with spatially dependent coefficient and show that the temporal dead-core rate is non-self-similar. The proof is based on the standard compactness arguments with the uniqueness of the self-similar solutions and the precise estimates on the single-point final dead-core profile.
Brasília através de cartões-postais: alguns exemplos e questões
Authors: Fujioka Paulo Yassuhide , Machado Lucio Gomes
Published: June 2014

Este artigo aborda um tema rico mas pouco discutido na documentação da Arquitetura e Urbanismo: o cartão-postal como registro das transformações na arquitetura, urbanismo e veículo da memória. Comemorando os 50 anos do Plano-Piloto de Brasília, encontraríamos poucos exemplos mais adequados do cartão-postal como documento do que os postais da cidade em sua infância. Apresentamos duas coleções: a primeira mostra o canteiro e a conclusão dos edifícios principais; a segunda retrata imagens igualmente preciosas de Brasília em sua primeira década. Vistas como um todo, estas imagens raras mostram uma mídia humilde e antiquada como ferramenta no estudo da continuidade e mudança na evolução de Brasília.
(In)Sustentabilidade ambiental na ocupação urbana da Barra da Tijuca, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva Gabriela da Costa
Published: June 2014

O histórico de ocupação urbana da Barra da Tijuca, no Município do Rio de Janeiro, desde os anos 70, revela que a região se destaca como ícone para grandes investimentos públicos, e sobretudo, privados, alcançando importante desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Entretanto, nota-se que as diretrizes dessa vertiginosa expansão urbana baseiam-se, sobretudo, nos interesses de importantes incorporadores imobiliários que, amparados pelos governos local e regional, visam maximizar seus lucros ainda que em detrimento da manutenção da qualidade do meio ambiente, restringindo as possibilidades de desenvolvimento urbano sustentável.
Acidente botrópico fatal
Authors: Luciano Paula M. , Silva Gyl Eanes Barros , Azevedo-Marques Marisa M.
Published: June 2014

Os acidentes ofídicos causados pelo gênero Bothrops ocasionam manifestações locais secundárias à ação inflamatória aguda do veneno. A ocorrência de óbito (em torno de 0,6% do total de casos atendidos anualmente no Brasil) é rara, mas certamente, traumática. O relato deste caso visa chamar a atenção para possíveis complicações locais e sistêmicas (insuficiência renal e sepsis) neste tipo de envenenamento e enfatizar as medidas terapêuticas e de suporte que devem ser realizadas em tempo hábil.
Relevância e tratamento das lesões características da insuficiência cardíaca na musculatura esquelética
Authors: Bueno Júnior Carlos R.
Published: June 2014

Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, a via final das doenças cardiovasculares e a primeira causa de internação em idosos no Brasil, apresentam deterioração do tecido muscular esquelético. Além disso, as lesões na musculatura têm relação direta com a qualidade de vida e a autonomia dos pacientes, por meio do nível de tolerância aos esforços físicos, além de constituírem um preditor independente de mortalidade na síndrome. Ao longo da presente revisão de literatura serão discutidos em relação à insuficiência cardíaca: seu conceito e um breve histórico; a importância da musculatura esquelética; as anormalidades funcionais, estruturais, bioquímicos e moleculares que acometem esse tecido; as potenciais causas dessas alterações (hiperatividade simpática, redução na ingestão alimentar, espécies reativas de oxigênio, citocinas pró-inflamatórias e diminuição do nível de atividade física e do fluxo sanguíneo); e os efeitos da principal terapia direcionada para combater essa disfunção, o treinamento físico aeróbio de intensidade moderada. Reconhecida a importância do tecido muscular esquelético na síndrome, essa é uma área da investigação científica com muitos temas ainda não estudados, como o efeito de terapias farmacológicas utilizadas pelos pacientes, de exercícios físicos aeróbios de maior intensidade e intervalados, de exercícios físicos de força, de intervenções nutricionais e de terapias celulares e gênicas. No futuro, os resultados desses estudos que serão desenvolvidos certamente contribuirão para uma menor degeneração da musculatura esquelética na doença, o que, consequentemente, vai melhorar a  ualidade de vida, a autonomia e o prognóstico dos pacientes.
Esquistossomose hepática como achado ocasional de fígado de doador para transplante
Authors: Brasil Ivelise R. C. , Nepomuceno Larissa R. , Schüller Rodrigo T. , Esmeraldo Ticiana M. , Esmeraldo Romero M. , Esmeraldo Ronaldo M.
Published: June 2014

Introdução: A prevalência de cirrose criptogênica varia de 5% a 30% dos pacientes cirróticos nas séries históricas. O transplante hepático representa a única opção em reverter a insuficiência hepatica e suas complicações em pacientes cirróticos em estágio avançado. A esquistossomose mansônica no Brasil é um problema endêmico de saúde pública,particularmente na região nordeste do país.Apresenta-se relato de caso de paciente do sexo masculino admitido ao Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Ceará , Brasil,com cirrose criptogênica classificada como Child Turcotte-Pugh C, com MELD 25, submetido a transplante hepático com fígado de doador portador de esquistossomose como achado ocasional da biópsia padrão. Foi revisada a história clínica e exame físico na admissão, resultados de exames laboratoriais e dados do seguimento clínico.Como conclusão, as infecções parasitárias em órgãos sólidos transplantados tem aumentado nos últimos anos. É muito importante realizar o controle da qualidade dos órgãos e tecidos utilizados em transplantes, assim como desenvolver técnicas de diagnóstico, tratamento e profilaxia, especialmente em transplante hepático, em vista da alta prevalência de infecções parasitárias em nosso país, com intuito de prevenir outras co-morbidades e aumentar a sobrevida dos pacientes transplantados. Em regiões endêmicas, os potenciais doadores de receptores que têm esquistossomose ativa devem ser preventivamente tratados.
Nodularia (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae): a phylogenetically uniform genus with variable phenotypes
Authors: Řeháková Klára , Mareš Jan , Lukešová Alena , Zapomělová Eliška , Bernardová Kateřina , Hrouzek Pavel
Published: June 2014

The taxonomy of cyanobacteria currently faces the challenge of overhauling the traditional system to better reflect the results of phylogenetic analyses. In the present study, we assessed the phylogenetic position, morphological variability, ability to produce the toxin nodularin, and source habitat of 17 benthic and soil isolates of Nodularia. A combined analysis of two loci (partial 16S rRNA gene and rbcLX region) confirmed the genus as a monophyletic unit and the close relationship of its members. However, the taxonomic resolution at the subgeneric level was extremely problematic. The phylogenetic clustering did not show any reasonable congruence with either morphological or ecological features commonly used to separate taxa in heterocytous cyanobacteria. Despite the near phylogenetic similarity of planktonic, benthic and soil Nodularia strains, we did not find any new nodularin-producing strains among the non-planktonic isolates. The relatively low variability in conserved molecular markers within the genus Nodularia exemplifies the limitations of the currently accepted taxonomic workflow and polyphasic approach. Elucidation of mechanisms that drive the phenotypic variability in such groups presents a major challenge in cyanobacterial research.
Nigrostriatal dynein changes in A53T alpha-synuclein transgenic mice
Authors: Liu Yan , Yuan Yu-He , Sun Jian-Dong , Li Jing , Li Zhi-Peng , Chen Nai-Hong
Published: June 2014

The accumulation of misfolded a-synuclein is mechanistically linked to neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other alpha-synucleinopathies. However, how alpha-synuclein causes neurodegeneration is unresolved. Several studies have supported the involvement of dynein, the major motor for retrograde axonal transport in alpha-synuclein-dependent neurodegeneration, especially in the nigrostriatal system. Therefore, we examined the nigrostriatal dyneins in transgenic mice that overexpress human A53T alpha-synuclein and recapitulate key features of a PD-like neuronal synucleinopathy. Age-matched nontransgenic littermates were used as controls. The results demonstrated that the protein level of dynein was decreased in the striatum, whereas it was elevated in the substantia nigra. Double immunostaining results revealed that the reduction in dynein level was associated with aggregation of A53T a-synuclein in the striatum. Furthermore, we performed a quantitative analysis of motor behaviors in A53T alpha-synuclein transgenic mice and controls using a modified open field test. We demonstrated that the protein level of dynein in the striatum was significantly correlated with the motor behaviors. Together, our data indicate that dynein changes in the nigrostriatal system of A53T alpha-synuclein transgenic mice may contribute to their severe movement disorder.
Associations between fear of falling and functional balance in older adults
Authors: Huang Wen-Ni Wennie , Chi Wen-Chou , Hu Li-Jing
Published: June 2014

Aims:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between fear of falling and the performance of common functional balance tasks in older adults.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out with 43 older adults (mean age=78.8, SD=7.5) from a senior living facility. Fear of falling was assessed using a single-item question. Fourteen functional balance tasks of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed and the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test were evaluated and compared between the fearful and non-fearful older adults.

Findings:

Compared to the non-fearful older adults (mean=52.2, SD=3.0), the fearful older adults scored lower on BBS (mean=47.7, SD=6.2) (P<0.05). The fearful older adults had poorer performance on three functional balance tasks including sitting to standing, turning to look behind over the left and right shoulders while standing, and placing alternate feet on a step while standing unsupported (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

Poorer performance of specific functional balance tasks (sitting to standing, weight shifting in standing, and stepping up and down) was observed among fearful older adults. Incorporation of these functional balance tasks into intervention may help fearful older adults perform balance-related activities more confidently and thus prevent or delay the undesirable consequences of the fear of falling.
The American media and the Iraq war at its tenth anniversary: Lessons for the coverage of future wars
Authors: Najjar Orayb
Published: June 2014

On the tenth anniversary of the Iraq War of 2003, most scholars agree that the war had serious consequences for the Middle East and the United States. Some journalists now believe that the war coverage constituted a ‘mini-Alamo’ for American journalism. Deficient war coverage damaged the reputation of the American media as a source of reliable news about the United States because of the way it covered the Bush administration’s case for going to war, and the way it reported war’s devastating effect on the Iraqi population. This study analyses how the Bush administration managed to get media compliance for its verbal and visual narrative of the war, thus co-opting American journalism (and by extension, that of other countries that relied on it). The study also illustrates how Arab historical master narratives disseminated by the frames introduced by Al Jazeera through its reporting from the scene challenged and sometimes foiled CENTCOM’s narrative and its psychological operations. Finally, the study illustrates the role of cartoonists in culture-jamming the official narrative by publishing on the Internet, thus undermining the Bush administration’s main Orwellian message that ‘war is peace’. This study suggests that the examination of what went wrong for the media in Iraq provides a cautionary tale about the dangers of acting as government stenographers during wartime.
Review Essay
Authors: Ismael Jacqueline
Published: June 2014

Remembering Ali Al-Wardi in post-occupation Iraq

Iraq in Turmoil: Historical Perspectives of Dr. Ali Al-Wardi, From the Ottoman Empire to King Feisal, Youssef H. Aboul-Enein (Cdr.) (2012) Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 224 pp., ISBN:1612510779 (hbk), $32.95USD

Al-Duktûr ‘Alî Al-Wardiwa Dirâsat Al-Mujtama‘ain Al-‘Irâqîwa Al-‘Arabî, Ḥamîd Al-Hâshimî (2011) Baghdad: Maktabat ‘Adnân, 136 pp., ISBN: N/A (pbk), £10

Mi’at ‘Âmma‘a Al-Wardi, Muḥammad ‘Îsâ Al-Khâqânî (2013) London: Dâr Al-Ḥikmah, 328 pp., ISBN: N/A (pbk), £10

Social Glimpses of Modern Iraqi History: Volume 1 The Ottomans, Safavids and Mamluks, Hayder al-Khoei (2010) Saarbruken: Lambert Academic Publishing, 132 pp., ISBN: 3838380282 (pbk), $82.00USD

Al-Bu‘d Al-SiyâsîfîFikr ‘Alî Al-Wardî, Nâhiḍ ḤasanJâbir Al-Sâhûkî (2014) Beirut: Markaz Ḥamûrâbî Lil Buḥûthwa Al-Dirâsât Al-Istirâtîjiyyah, 336 pp., ISBN: 9786144262955 (pbk), $15USD
Engaging the Contested Memory of the Public Square
Authors: Robbins Christine Reiser , Robbins Mark W.
Published: June 2014

There is a well-established call for more attention to contested and dissonant cultural heritage in the public memory of historic places, particularly in attending to ethnic, class, and gendered experiences. Although hailing the contributions made to date, critics have also observed that the results have tended to be confined to symbolic or rhetorical effects. Utilizing the insights of engaged anthropology, we examine the potential of a community-engaged, collaborative research design that integrates oral history, archaeology, and archival research as a means of building a polyvocal public memory. The study is carried out “in place” at a long-sacred public plaza that has been the subject of interpretive controversy for many decades. We suggest that the combination of oral history and archaeological methodologies, carried out simultaneously and on-site with the community, enables an interplay of material, spatial, and discursive perspectives that moves contested cultural heritage from “narrative to action.”
Композиція та гісто-ультраструктурна будова прямого м’яза стегна в нормі
Authors: Mosendz T. N. , Mytskan B. M.
Published: June 2014

The information on histometric and electron microscopic study of the muscle fibers of the rats’ rectus femoris in the norm is presented. The basic types of muscle fibers and their composition are described. The composition reflects the close morphological interdependence of the structure of myoneural junctions and elements of muscular tissue. It may determine different patterns of both reactive and destructive processes in the skeletal muscles.
Активність гаммаглутамілтрансферази у хворих наркологічного профілю Дніпропетровської області
Authors: Motorya E. B.
Published: June 2014

Change of GGT activity is studied in patients using alcohol and narcotic substances. 2878 residents of the Dnipropetrovsk province are examined. The increase of GGT activity is marked in 528 cases (18.3 %). It may be caused by increasing synthesis as a result of activating enzymes which ensure this process. The activation may be initiated by alcohol and medicines, by the damage of cellular membranes under the action of toxic agents, under ischemia and infection-induced liver injury, and by the detachment of enzymes from cellular membranes affected by detergent bile acids under the cholestasis. Ordinary values for major part of examined patients (81.7 %) may be explained by only episodic taking alcohol and narcotic drugs, which was not affect the liver parenchyma, and also by effective treatment normalized the enzyme’s activity.
Аспекти пульсової діагностики, питання підготовки до комп’ютерної обробки сфігмограм людини
Authors: Polushkin P. N. , Galchenko D. V. , Nagovska M. V.
Published: June 2014

Modern methods of the pulse diagnostics were studied, the rationality of using different methods for pulse diagnostics was evaluated and the features of criteria interpretation of the pulse diagnostics methods and its scientific validation were revealed. The attempt of preparation of the pulse diagnostics data (human sphygmograms) for the further computer processing was made. The efficiency of preliminary results was assessed by the mathematical treatment of the sphygmograms. The attempt of prognostication of the reliability of possible variants of the mathematical treatment for the computer processing was made.
Аналіз сучасного харчування студентів та молоді зі спробою визначення можливих наслідків
Authors: Polushkin P. M. , Poluchina O. G. , Musik A. O. , Khodos D. G.
Published: June 2014

The present food of lycee pupils and students of university has been studied. The diet of young people has considerable deviation from the rational nutrition. It is especially concerned men of 18–24 years old. Modern young people doesn’t adhere the rational nutrition, dietary pattern and right conditions of food intake. Systematic taking stimulants, beer and spirituous liquors by modern youth is considerably exceeded the hygienic regulations. The probability of health disorders of young people increases in prospect and the forming of new combined neuropsychic pathology and metabolic imbalance are possible.
Використання біомаркерів мозку донних риб для оцінки забруднення Керченської протоки Чорного моря
Authors: Sukharenko E. V. , Novitsky R. А. , Nedzvetsky V. S.
Published: June 2014

Fish were sampled at the shallow part of the Kerch Strait, where the shipwreck brought to ecological emergency in 2007. There were used ichthyotoxicology, biochemistry and immunochemistry methods for the research of fish populations. Comparative investigation of samples from both polluted and uncontaminated regions (Vorskla River) shows the changes in metabolism of cytoskeleton proteins of astrocytes from the monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis. The results are evidence of the neural cell pathology of ground fish from the polluted region. The neural system pathology could be a result of long-term effect of oil pollution in the Kerch Strait. There was shown the validity of the N. fluviatilis brain’s astroglial reactivity for the assessment of the population state. The presented data substantiate the necessity of ecological monitoring of the shallow biotopes of that region of the Black Sea.
On the Nature of Grain Boundaries in Nanocrystalline Diamond
Authors: Keblinski P. , Wolf D. , Cleri F. , Phillpot S.R. , Gleiter H.
Published: June 2014

The low-pressure synthesis of rather pure nanocrystalline diamond films from fullerene precursors suggests that for a small enough grain size the diamond structure may be energetically preferred over graphite. Because of the small grain size of typically about 15 nm in these films, a significant fraction of the carbon atoms is situated in the grain boundaries (GBs). The surprisingly high wear resistance of these films even after the substrate is removed and their high corrosion resistance suggest that the grains are strongly bonded. Grain-boundary carbon is also believed to be responsible for the absorption and scattering of light in these films, for their electrical conductivity, and for their electron-emission properties. In spite of all these indications of a critical role played by GB carbon in achieving the remarkable properties of nanocrystalline diamond films, to date the atomic structures of the GBs are essentially not known.

It is well-known that the electronic and optical properties of polycrystalline silicon films are significantly affected by the presence of GBs. For example GBs can provide active sites for the recombination of electron-hole pairs in photovoltaic applications. Also, in electronic devices such as thin-film transistors, GBs are known to play an important role. Because of silicon's strong energetic preference for sp3 hybridization over other electronic configurations, the structural disorder in silicon GBs is accommodated by a distortion of the tetrahedral nearestneighbor bonds and in the extreme by the creation of dangling bonds—that is, of three-coordinated Si atoms each having one unsaturated, bound electron in an otherwise more or less tetrahedrally coordinated environment.
Knowledge for Sale: Norwegian Encyclopaedias in the Marketplace
Authors: Frøydis Berg Siv , Rem Tore
Published: June 2014

Encyclopedias present and contain knowledge, but historically they have also been commercial commodities, produced for sale. In this article, we study the self-presentations of a selection of Norwegian encyclopedias, as these are expressed in the form of commercial images, advertising texts and slogans. We thus present a brief but detailed study of what might be called a number of paratextual matters associated with 20th-century Norwegian encyclopedias, with the aim of identifying the most significant or recurring topoi in the material. Our analysis shows that claims about speed and modernization are among the most conspicuous ingredients in these self-presentations, claims which, we argue, feed into a particular logic of a particular version of 20th-century modernity. The article begins with an analysis of the commercially successful Konversationslexicon, the first Norwegian encyclopedia, published in 1906 and for a long time market leader of the bourgeois tradition. The Konversationslexicon was produced with the explicit aim of providing a source of conversation for the educated classes, a new and expanding group of readers. We also show how the publisher Aschehoug went on to strengthen its own position in this market through a sophisticated process of differentiation. Seen as a contrast to these market leaders, we explore the Norwegian tradition of counter-encyclopaedias, with the radical PaxLeksikon as our main example. This encyclopaedia came into existence as a result of a strong ideological motivation and was run by left-wing idealists. Nevertheless, and perhaps inevitably, it ended up situating itself within the same market mechanisms and the same commercial logic as the bourgeois encyclopaedias. The article ends by a brief consideration of the change from commercial print encyclopaedias to internet-based encyclopaedias, and of the new challenges this poses in a small nation, rhetorically and in the struggle for funding.
How Readers Shape the Content of an Encyclopedia: A Case Study Comparing the German Meyers Konversationslexikon (1885-1890) with Wikipedia (2002-2013)
Authors: Spree Ulrike
Published: June 2014

How knowledge is negotiated between the makers of encyclopedias and their audiences remains an ongoing question in research on encyclopedias. A comparative content analysis of the published answers of letters to the editor of the German Meyers Konversationslexikon (Korrespondenzblatt) from 1885 and the discussion pages of the article potato of the German Wikipedia (2013) reveals continuities as well as changes in the communication between encyclopedia producers and their audiences. The main reasons why readers and editors communicate are the need for updated factual information, an exchange on editorial principles and the intellectual exchange of ideas on ideological and philosophical questions in relation to the encyclopedic content. Editors and readers attach a lot of importance to the process of verifying information through bibliographical references. Whereas, for the editors of Meyers Konversationslexikon the leading role of experts remains undisputed, Wikipedians work in a contradictory situation. They are on the one hand exposing knowledge production to a permanent process of negotiation, thereby challenging the role of experts, on the other hand relying strongly on bibliographical authorities. Whilst the reasons for the communication between readers and editors of Meyers Konversationslexikon and among Wikipedia contributors coincide, the understanding of the roles of readers and editors differ. The editors of the Korrespondenzblatt keep up a lecturing attitude. As opposed to this, administrators in Wikipedia want to encourage participation and strive to develop expertise among the participating contributors. Albeit power relations between administrators, regular authors, occasional authors and readers continue to exist they are comparatively flat and transient. Regardless of these differences, the comparison between Meyers Konversationslexikon and Wikipedia indicates that the sine qua non for activating an upwards spiral of quality improvement is that readers accept, learn and cultivate common rules – including how to deal with dissent – and identify with the product at least so far as that they report mistakes.
Le non recours à un système d’assurance chômage avec politiques actives d’emploi
Authors: Blasco Sylvie
Published: June 2014

Cet article étudie la décision de participer à un système d’assurance chômage avec politiques actives d’emploi en s’appuyant sur la réforme française de Juillet 2001 qui introduit un accompagnement systématique des chômeurs. Les chômeurs inscrits à l’agence pour l’emploi au moment de la réforme pouvaient choisir entre rester sous le régime qui les couvrait jusqu’alors et basculer dans le nouveau système. Pour mesurer le taux de recours et expliquer la sélection, nous estimons un modèle de durées à risques concurrents et défectueux à partir des données administratives de l’Agence Nationale Pour l’Emploi. Le taux de non recours estimé est significatif mais faible. La stigmatisation, des problèmes d’information et l’anticipation d’un court épisode de chômage permettent d’expliquer une non souscription.
How Has Acute Oncology Improved Care for Patients?
Authors: Navani V.
Published: June 2014

A United Kingdom–wide appreciation of the systemic failings of emergency cancer care led to the creation of a new subspecialty, acute oncology. It was meant to bridge the gap between admitting teams, oncology, and palliative care, providing support to manage the symptoms of cancer, the side effects of cancer treatment, and people presenting with cancer of unknown primary origin. This article identifies the reasons for the creation of acute oncology and explores various models for this aspect of cancer care worldwide. With health care budgets static and demand increasing, the article also identifies ways in which acute oncology can contribute to an efficient and caring health system.
Kissing and hpv: Honest Popular Visions, the Human Papilloma Virus, and Cancers
Authors: Touyz L.Z.G.
Published: June 2014

Kissing is among the multitude of functions of the lips [...]
Does the competition structure impact the performance of multi-unit auctions ? An experimental investigation
Authors: Préget Raphaële , Thoyer Sophie
Published: June 2014

La concurrence dans une enchère multi-unitaire est mesurée à la fois par le nombre d’enchérisseurs et par la quantité demandée par chacun, rapportée au nombre d’unités en vente. Pour le même degré de concurrence (demande agrégée et offre identiques), nous pouvons observer différentes structures de demande. Celles-ci ont-elles un impact sur l’efficience de l’enchère et le revenu du vendeur ? Il est essentiel de mieux comprendre l’impact de la structure de la concurrence sur la performance des enchères multi-unitaires pour pouvoir faire des recommandations sur leur design. Des résultats théoriques montrent sur un cas simple, comparant une enchère à prix uniforme avec 2 enchérisseurs ayant chacun une demande de 6 unités et une enchère avec 6 enchérisseurs ayant chacun une demande de 2 unités, qu’il existe une multiplicité d’équilibres conduisant à des performances différentes. Des expériences en laboratoire sont conduites pour comparer la performance de ces deux enchères. Les résultats indiquent que, pour un même degré de concurrence, le vendeur obtient un revenu espéré supérieur avec une variance plus faible lorsqu’il fait face à un grand nombre d’enchérisseurs demandant peu d’unités chacun. Nous montrons que ce résultat est obtenu sans effet significatif sur l’efficience allocative. Classification JEL : C92, D4, D44.
Bookcrossing : le médium livre au service d'un projet socioculturel
Authors: Bryon-Portet Céline
Published: June 2014

Cet article se propose d’explorer une pratique apparue en 2001 sous l’impulsion de Ron Hornbaker, et dont le succès ne cesse de grandir : le bookcrossing, qui consiste à laisser des livres dans des lieux publics ou de les confier à des amis afin de les faire circuler. Nous nous efforcerons de mettre en exergue les postulats idéologiques qui sous-tendent le bookcrossing et les enjeux, tout à la fois sociaux, culturels et économiques, qui y sont à l’œuvre, et redessinent peut-être les contours d’une société à venir où la lecture, la gratuité du don et la richesse des relations humaines retrouveraient leur place.
Les imaginaires cinématographiques de la menace
Authors: Boudou Nadine
Published: June 2014

Les menaces présumées qu’un grand nombre de films exploitent en ce début de XXI e  siècle, leur traitement alarmiste et l’inquiétude qu’elles génèrent sont révélateurs de l’esprit du temps. Le cinéma dans cet article est abordé comme un médium dont le pouvoir expressif permet de rendre compte du climat mental d’une époque.