bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responses to transient receptor potential (TRP) channel agonists inChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Wada Mamoru , Kaizuka Itaru , Yoshimura Kenjiro
Published: July 2020

Pungent substances, such as capsaicin and gingerol, activate the transient receptor potential (TRP)-V1 channel and affect the feeding behaviors of animals. To gain insight into how living organisms have acquired a sense for pungent substances, we explored the response to TRP agonists in a protist, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. When capsaicin or gingerol was applied to wild-type cells, they became immotile, with flagella detaching from the cell body. The degree of deflagellation was nearly halved in a mutant defective in the TRP channel ADF1. Deflagellation in the adf1 mutant was inhibited further by Ruthenium Red, indicating ADF1 and another TRP channel are involved in the deflagellation response. The response to capsaicin and gingerol was not inhibited by TRPV1-specific blockers such as 4-(3-Chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxamide (BCTC) and capsazepine. When capsaicin or gingerol was applied to wild-type cells in the presence of Ruthenium Red, a large proportion lost motility while flagella remained attached, suggesting that flagella stop contributing to motility, at least in part, through a TRP-channel-independent pathway. These results indicate that pungent compounds such as capsaicin and gingerol induce loss of flagellar motility and flagellar detachment in C. reinhardtii cells.
Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards management of cassava pests and diseases in forest transition and Guinea savannah agro-ecological zones of Ghana
Authors: Nsiah Frimpong Benedicta , Oppong Allen , Prempeh Ruth , Appiah-Kubi Zipporah , Abrokwah Linda A. , B. Mochiah Moses , N. Lamptey Joseph , Manu-Aduening Joseph , Pita Justin
Published: July 2020

Background: Cassava is a major staple root crop in Ghana, which serves as a food security and an income generating crop for farming families. In spite of its importance, the crop is plagued with biotic factors such as pests and diseases, resulting in yield and income reductions.

Methods: Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards cassava pest and disease management were investigated. A mixed method research questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from 94 cassava farm households across two major cassava growing agro-ecologies.

Results: Using descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric analysis, our study revealed that farmers’ knowledge on cassava pests was high but low for diseases. Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), grasshoppers (Zonocerus variegatus), aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover), mealybugs (Phenacoccus manihoti), termites (Isoptera), and grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) were perceived as the most common damaging pests. Farmers’ descriptions showed that disease pathogens attacked foliar tissues, stem and root tissues and caused leaf dropping and die back. Cassava mosaic disease and root rot were the most common diseases; however, disease descriptions suggested the incidence of viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. Some of the farmers observed mixed infections on their farms. The results also showed that only 25.5% cultivated improved varieties. Management actions applied included field sanitation practices and pesticide application. The effectiveness level of the control actions was rated moderately effective.

Conclusions: The analysis showed heterogeneity in personal and farm level characteristics of respondents across the two agro-ecologies, but agro-ecologies were independent of the management practices employed. There is a need to improve farmers’ access to improved disease-free planting materials through efficient dissemination pathways and increase farmers’ knowledge on cassava pests, diseases and integrated management through publfic awareness creation and capacity building by extension agents and research institutions. Continued government investment is needed to achieve sustainable outcomes.
The Use of Computer Models in the Study of Parallel Structure Mechanisms in a University
Authors: Schelkunov E. , Vinogradov S. , Schelkunova M. , Salangina N.
Published: July 2020

Currently, there is an active introduction of information technology in the educational process at all levels of education. The article is devoted to one of the ways to improve the educational process in a university by introducing dynamic visual aids in the study of technological processes and is a generalization of the authors' experience. The need to use computer models is caused by a number of reasons, such as complexity, and sometimes the impossibility of demonstrating a number of technological processes in a different way, and as a result, the difficulty of perceiving these issues by students, especially those who study by correspondence. The introduction of dynamic visual aids in the educational process was preceded by the work of individual authors to develop a program for calculating and analyzing mechanisms of a parallel structure. In the course of using the program in laboratory studies, it was revealed that it provides an opportunity in a clear and accessible form to examine in detail the structure and operation of the parallel structure mechanism. Despite the fact that the authors generalized the experience gained in the training of future engineers, it can be extended to the training of teachers, the program of which includes acquaintance with technological processes.
Higher Education Standards and Graphics Competences of University Graduates
Authors: Polikarpov Yuriy
Published: July 2020

In connection with the transition of universities of the Russian Federation to teaching students according to the standards of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education 3 ++, the task of forming the professional competencies of the graduate based on the relevant professional standards becomes urgent. The article describes the main stages of standardization of higher professional education in the USSR and the Russian Federation and what documents regulated the volume of taught graphic disciplines in technical universities and the content of these disciplines. The issues of the competency-based model of education are considered, such as the concept of com-petence, classification of competencies. Much attention is paid to graphic competencies. It tells about the experience of the department of descriptive geometry and drawing at the Ufa State Avia-tion Technical University with graduating departments in the formation of professional competencies based on professional standards, drawing up curricula and the main educational program.
Model of a variable system of professional development of police officers-employees of temporary detention Centers for juvenile offenders (Center)
Authors: Erofeeva Mariya , Mironenkova Ol'ga
Published: July 2020

The process of professional training of police officers of working with teenagers is built within the framework of personal-activity and subjective approaches, that is, the choice of forms, methods and means of training is carried out taking into account their ability to achieve the expected success in the form of personal and professional development.

The article offers a structural and functional model of a variable system of professional development of police officers who perform their official and professional duties in the Central police service CENTER.

The model is a system that includes four blocks: a diagnostic-orientation block, a content-target block, a process-technology block, and a process-technology block.

The content block is characterized by the following types of individual educational trajectory of continuing professional education: adaptive trajectory, correcting trajectory, activating, acmeological type.

In accordance with the theoretical analysis and practical experience of service in temporary detention centers for juvenile offenders, four main categories of employees are identified.

The technology of training police officers to work with teenagers using interactive methods is presented.
Psychological features of motivation of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Fedotov Sergey , Maltseva Tatyana , Milyukova Yuliya
Published: July 2020

This article covers the problem of motivation of employees of internal Affairs bodies in General and cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, in particular. The author analyzes the history of views on the problem of motivation and determines the actual vectors of its study in modern conditions within the framework of professional activity. The authors define the role of motivation in the structure of operational and service activities of police officers. The importance of studying and developing motivation in cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia is shown. Based on the analysis, a content-functional model of studying and developing the motivation of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia is presented. Presents and describes a pilot study aimed at examining the motivation of cadets and listeners of educational institutions of the MIA of Russia for students 1 and 5 courses of faculty of training of police on protection of a public order of Moscow University of the MIA of Russia named after V. J. Kikot. Based on the analysis of experimental data, significant differences between the samples were identified.
The Pleasures and Pitfalls of Life as a New Consultant – an Anecdotal Review Part 2
Authors: Flett Andrew MC
Published: July 2020

Part two of this paper provides the author's personal insight into the first 18 months of a consultant post. Being the new consultant in town is not without considerable challenges. The aim of the second part of the paper is to provide the reader with the reality of integrating into existing units and setting a new one up from scratch. Hints and tips from other newly qualified consultants are also provided. It is hoped that this will enable future consultants to avoid the pitfalls and enjoy the pleasures of an immensely rewarding job.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To provide first-hand, real world knowledge of life as a new consultant orthodontist in the 21st century NHS.
An Overview of Orthodontic Bonding
Authors: Smyth Robert S D , Hunt Nigel P , Sharif Mohammad O
Published: July 2020

Bonding brackets with composite resin is considered the gold standard in orthodontics. However, this can be challenging, especially where there is a requirement to bond to surfaces other than enamel, or where the enamel is defective. A choice of bonding modalities exists for these situations, and it is important that clinicians keep up-to-date with current techniques and practice. An overview of the evidence and techniques available for bonding to enamel and other surfaces (composite, porcelain, gold, amalgam and acrylic) is presented. Furthermore, a summary table providing a step-by-step guide for bonding techniques to various surfaces is provided.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: We provide an overview of the evidence and techniques available to the orthodontist for bonding brackets to enamel and other surfaces including: composite, porcelain, gold, amalgam and acrylic.
Deciding where to stay: An exploratory study into the accommodation choice decision-making process of German leisure travellers
Authors: Spoerr Daniel
Published: July 2020

The decision of which hotel to book is a highly complex one and has attracted considerable scientific scrutiny over the years. A growing number of empirical studies is focusing specifically on the decision-making process and the key factors in tourists' accommodation choices. This paper
presents new insights into the decision-making process of different subgroups of German tourists in particular. To gather the data, an online questionnaire was used, completed by 501 respondents. Based on an evaluation of 27 statements about the different phases in the decision-making process,
the subjects' preferences were determined. Non-parametric tests were applied to establish whether there were statistically significant differences with respect to socio-demographic variables and travel behaviour. Several unexpected effects were established, for example, that social networks
only play a marginal role in the decision-making process of German leisure travellers in general. Clear effects of gender, age, and accommodation type were also found. These results are critically discussed and used to derive implications for practitioners.
Onset times of long-lived rogue waves in an optical waveguide array
Authors: Pelwan C. D. , Quandt A. , Warmbier R.
Published: July 2020

We study the effects of increasing modulation instability and disorder on the onset times of rogue waves in waveguide arrays as described by the discrete unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation (UNLSE). We analytically determine regions of instability, where rogue waves are likely to occur in the UNLSE, and then use numerical techniques to study the time evolution of these systems. Only for small modulation instability is the effect of fluctuations prominent on the onset times; otherwise, we find that large modulation instability dominates the onset time behavior.
X-ray imaging of fast dynamics with single-pixel detector
Authors: Sefi O. , Klein Y. , Strizhevsky E. , Dolbnya I. P. , Shwartz S.
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate experimentally the ability to use a single-pixel detector for two-dimensional high-resolution x-ray imaging of fast dynamics. We image the rotation of a spinning chopper at 100 kHz and at spatial resolution of about 40 microns by using the computational ghost imaging approach. The technique we develop can be used for the imaging of fast dynamics of periodic and periodically stimulated effects with a large field of view and at low dose.
Freeform Fresnel lenses with a low number of discontinuities for tailored illumination applications
Authors: Desnijder Karel , Hanselaer Peter , Meuret Youri
Published: July 2020

Most work in the field of freeform lens design has been focused on finding design algorithms for continuous freeform lens surfaces which transform an arbitrary ingoing light distribution into an arbitrary outgoing distribution. The shape of the resulting continuous lens surfaces depends fully on the source and target light distribution for which the lenses are tailored. In some cases this results in large, voluminous optical components which depending on the application are not practical. Fresnel lenses can have a much smaller volume, but are not straightforward to design in the case of freeform lenses. This paper demonstrates a new method to design freeform Fresnel lenses based on concentric freeform segments. Such lenses have a much lower number of discontinuities compared to already existing Fresnel-type freeform lenses which are based on an array of facets. Less discontinuities means less stray light due to the unavoidable rounding errors with current manufacturing processes. The new design method is first explained, and then illustrated for a freeform Fresnel lens with a rectangular target distribution in the far-field.
Ultrafast convergent power-balance model for Raman random fiber laser with half-open cavity
Authors: Lin Shengtao , Wang Zinan , Araújo Hugo A. , Raposo Ernesto P. , Gomes Anderson S. L. , Wu Han , Fan Mengqiu , Rao Yunjiang
Published: July 2020

The power-relevant features of Raman random fiber laser (RRFL), such as lasing threshold, slope efficiency, and power distribution, are among the most critical parameters to characterize its operation status. In this work, focusing on the power features of the half-open cavity RRFL, an ultrafast convergent power-balance model is proposed, which highlights the physical essence of the most common RRFL type and sharply reduces the computation workload. By transforming the time-consuming serial calculation to a parallel one, the calculation efficiency can be improved by more than 100 times. Particularly, for different point-mirror reflectivities and different fiber lengths, the input-output power curves and power distribution curves calculated by the present model match nicely with those of the conventional model, as well as with the experimental data. Moreover, through the present model the relationship between point-mirror reflectivity and laser threshold is analytically derived, and the way for improving RRFL’s slope efficiency is also provided with a lucid theoretical explanation.
On the use of the supporting quadric method in the problem of designing double freeform surfaces for collimated beam shaping
Authors: Mingazov Albert A. , Bykov Dmitry A. , Bezus Evgeni A. , Doskolovich Leonid L.
Published: July 2020

We propose a version of the supporting quadric method for calculating a refractive optical element with two working surfaces for collimated beam shaping. Using optimal mass transportation theory and generalized Voronoi cells, we show that the proposed method can be regarded as a gradient method of maximizing a concave function, which is a discrete analogue of the Lagrange functional in the corresponding mass transportation problem. It is demonstrated that any maximum of this function provides a solution to the problem of collimated beam shaping. Therefore, the proposed method does not suffer from “trapping” at a local extremum, which is typical for gradient methods. We present design examples of refractive optical elements illustrating high performance of the method.
Electric field controlled near-infrared high-speed electro-optic switching modulator integrated with 2D MgO
Authors: Rao Ch. N. , Pawar Dnyandeo , Nakate Umesh T. , Aepuru Radhamanohar , Gui XingGao , Mangalaraja Ramalinga V. , Kale S. N. , Suh Eun-kyung , Liu Wenjun , Zhu Deliang , Lu Youming , Cao Peijiang
Published: July 2020

The electro-optic effect in two-dimensional (2D) MgO nanoflakes synthesized by a microwave-assisted process is demonstrated using a designed optical fiber modulator. The guiding properties of intense core modes excited by the material cavity are modulated by the external electric field. The feasibility of 2D MgO nanoflakes as an effective electro-optic modulator and switching are experimentally verified for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The proposed optical-fiber-based electro-optic modulator achieves a linear wavelength shift with a high sensitivity of 12.87 pm/V(77.22 nm/kV/mm, in the electric field). The results show that MgO, as a metal oxide 2D material, is a very promising material for electro-optic modulators and switching.
In-line evanescent-field-coupled THz bandpass mux/demux fabricated by additive layer manufacturing technology
Authors: Hernandez-Serrano A. I. , Leigh Simon J. , Pickwell-MacPherson Emma
Published: July 2020

In this research, we present the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of 3D printed bandpass filters and mux/demux elements for terahertz frequencies. The filters consist of a set of in-line polystyrene (PS) rectangular waveguides, separated by 100 µm, 200 µm, and 400 µm air gaps. The principle of operation for the proposed filters resides in coupled-mode theory. Q-factors of up to 3.4 are observed, and additionally, the experimental evidence demonstrates that the Q-factor of the filters can be improved by adding fiber elements to the design. Finally, using two independent THz broadband channels, we demonstrate the first mux/demux device based on 3D printed in-line filters for the THz range. This approach represents a fast, robust, and low-cost solution for the next generation of THz devices for communications.
Classificação funcional e avaliação de defeitos em rodovias não pavimentadas no Amapá
Authors: Silva Olavo Fagundes da
Published: July 2020

O subsistema rodoviário no Amapá tem recebido alguma atenção das gestões governamentais recentes visando melhoramentos necessários para atração de novos investimentos. Apesar de ser continuamente negligenciada no planejamento regional, a rodovia BR-210 e estradas adjacentes constituem uma parte essencial da rede viária na porção centro-oeste do estado. Essa rodovia e demais rodovias coletoras e de acesso são importantes para o sucesso do mais importante projeto de manejo florestal no Amapá a ser implantado na Floresta Estadual (FLOTA). A BR-210 funciona como única via com características de via arterial em um sistema de acessos caracterizado por rodovias coletoras e locais de extensão não superiores a 30 km. Nenhuma das rodovias apresenta-se pavimentada e pouco se conhece das dinâmicas que influenciam seu estado físico e o processo de manutenção. A proposta deste trabalho foi estabelecer uma classificação das rodovias estudadas com base na relação de funcionalidade bem como aplicar e adaptar métodos de avaliação física para estradas não pavimentadas. Como resultados apresenta-se um sistema de referência para a classificação funcional das rodovias amapaenses e metodologia com ferramentas adaptadas para avaliação das condições físicas de rodovias não pavimentadas.
THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING ACTS IN THE SYSTEM OF CONSTITUTIONAL LEGAL REGULATION
Authors: Gvozdeva A.A.
Published: July 2020

Article research is in the role of strategic planning acts in the system of constitutional legal regulation.The article analyzes the legally fixed concept “strategic planning act”, completeness of this definition, theconcept “normative legal act” is considered and legal nature of strategic planning documents, the specificfeatures of strategic planning acts are examined, the analysis of the opinions of legal scholars is given,also the gaps of legal regulation in the areas of development and enforcement of planning documents aredescribed. The article addresses the issues of foreign practice of using strategic planning acts, the problemsof constitutional regulation of strategic planning describes, solutions suggested.
THE PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE CONFORMITY OF DEFENCE MEASURES WITH THE NATURE AND RISK OF ASSAULT BY THE JUSTIFIABLE DEFENCE
Authors: Kovalenko K.O.
Published: July 2020

The conformity of defence with the nature and risk of assault is one of the most controversial aspects incriminal law science. If a socially dangerous assault or threat of its implementation did not involve violencedangerous to the life of the defending person or another person, the law obliges the defending person tochoose a special pattern of conduct in accordance with Part 2 of Article 37 of the Criminal Code of theRussian Federation, namely to find a way to repel the attack that will correspond to the nature and dangerof the assault.However, the law does not contain clear criteria for the determination of defence measures, which notonly limits citizens «ability to repel assaults, but also promotes sentences where the actions of the defendingperson are incorrectly classified either as exceeding the limits of the justifiable defence or on general grounds.Criminal law science offers different approaches to solving the problem, from establishing some criteria torenouncing them (completely unlimited defence).
PLACE OF CRYPTOCURRENCY IN THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL RIGHTS
Authors: Pronina N.A. , Buyanov A.V.
Published: July 2020

In the context of digitalization, the issues of determining the legal regulation of matters related to theuse of cryptocurrencies are naturally becoming increasingly relevant. The qualification of cryptocurrencyas an object of civil rights is one of the most important aspects of the legal regime of cryptocurrency. Theneed for high-quality development and registration of the legal regime of cryptocurrency, incorporationof this phenomenon into the legal system of the Russian Federation requires a detailed study of theissues of determining the place of cryptocurrency in the system of civil rights, attributing legal signs ofproperty or property rights to it, or, conversely, postulating and consolidating its fundamental identityand individuality. Analysis of the latest legal initiatives leads us to conclude that the legal regulation isinconsistent and ambiguous. Meanwhile, the courts repeatedly faced the proceedings and resolutions ofissues of cryptocurrency circulation, in particular in contractual disputes and bankruptcy disputes, whichpredetermined a certain judicial community approach to the concept of cryptocurrency and it’s qualificationsas an independent object of civil rights
Shaping hippocampal neurogenesis: exercising the brain with cannabinoids
Authors: Rodrigues Rui S , Moreira João B , Sebastião Ana M , Fitzsimons Carlos P , Xapelli Sara
Published: July 2020

Adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPC) are present in specialized niches of the mammalian brain and their proliferative and differentiative potential is modulated by a myriad of factors. Recent evidence sheds light on the interaction between cannabinoids and neurotrophic factors underlying a major regulative force of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with important effects upon cognitive plasticity and mood flexibility. Herein, we aimed at evaluating the actions of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) together with exercise upon hippocampal neurogenesis and whether this has significant behavioral implications. Our data suggests a participation of CB2Rs in fine-tuning the actions of physical exercise upon adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Specifically, CB2R ligands as well as exercise-regulated neurotrophic factors promote an acceleration in the differentiation of progenitor cells accompanied by an increase in the number of mature neurons in vitro. Moreover, preliminary results show that CB2Rs play an impactful role in controlling cognitive and depressive-like behavior. This is particularly important because brain physiology and mental health are known to be greatly affected by physical exercise, with adult neurogenesis playing a significant role in this process. Ultimately, this work will contribute to unravel the mechanisms behind the actions of cannabinoids and exercise in the brain and to develop strategies utilizing CB2Rs and physical exercise to boost neural stem cell capacity and treat several brain disorders.

Acknowledgements: Supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), projects SFRH/BD/129710/2017 and IF/01227/2015. No potential conflict of interest.
Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Diagnosis for the Individual but an Experience for the Household
Authors: Louissaint Jeremy , Tapper Elliot B.
Published: July 2020

Abstract: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication of cirrhosis that results in unpredictable neuropsychiatric symptoms and increases the risk of death and disability. In the current issue of Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, Fabrellas et al. report on a qualitative study that assesses the psychological impact of HE on both patients and their informal caregivers. Both patients and caregivers report diminished quality of life driven by disruptive anxiety and feelings of fear and sorrow. There is a need to optimize therapy for encephalopathy and to address the shared psychological impact of HE experienced by both patients and caregivers.
REPRESENTACIONES CAMPESINAS SOBRE LOS SERVICIOS FORRAJEROS DEL CHACO SECO EN CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA
Authors: SILVETTI F.
Published: July 2020

El trabajo aborda las representaciones sociales de campesinos capricultores sobre los recursos forrajeros del bosque nativo en el Chaco Seco (Córdoba, Argentina). Se analiza la relación entre las condiciones sociohistóricas de acceso y uso del forraje y la construcción simbólica del ecosistema. Se concluye que los campesinos expresan una valoración territorial del conjunto de la oferta forrajera del bosque nativo, pero especialmente del denominado “monte bajo” (arbustal), principal recurso alimenticio para el ganado caprino. Estas representaciones guardan relación con el sistema de pastoreo extensivo que es la principal estrategia de apropiación campesina de los recursos forrajeros y se contraponen a las representaciones empresariales que sostienen la necesidad de erradicar el arbustal del territorio para implantar pasturas y aumentar la productividad del ganado bovino.
MANAJEMEN ZAKAT DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI UMAT
Authors: Afrina Dita
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe economic empowerment of the ummah means an effort to improve the dignity of the layers of the Islamic community from the conditions of being unable, and escape from the pitfalls of poverty and economic underdevelopment. In other words, as an effort to build the independence of the people in the economic field, zakat management exists as well-organized activities where there is a process to achieve these goals. Zakat management consists of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling or supervising carried out to determine and achieve the targets that have been determined through the use of human resources and other resources.Keywords: Zakat Management, Community Economic Empowerment, Planning, Organizing, Implementing, Controlling.ABSTRAKPemberdayaan ekonomi umat merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan harkat dan martabat lapisan masyarakat Islam dari kondisi tidak mampu, serta melepaskan diri dari perangkap kemiskinan dan keterbelakangan ekonomi. Dengan kata lain, sebagai upaya membangun kemandirian umat di bidang ekonomi, manajemen zakat hadir sebagai suatu kegiatan-kegiatan yang diorganisir dengan baik dimana terdapat proses untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan tersebut. Manajemen zakat terdiri dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, serta pengendalian atau pengawasan yang dilakukan untuk menentukan serta mencapai sasaran yang telah ditentukan melalui pemanfaatan sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya lainnya.Kata kunci: Manajemen Zakat, Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat, Perencanaan, Pengelolaan, Penerapan, Pengendalian.
Kekuatan Karakter Relawan Muda bagi Penyandang Disablilitas
Authors: Rahajeng Unita Werdi , Widyarini Ika , Ilhamuddin Ilhamuddin
Published: July 2020

Being a young volunteer provides an opportunity for volunteers to build stronger awareness of social issues, such as the fulfilment of equal rights for persons with disabilities. For young volunteers, participation in volunteerism can form strong characters. This research attempts to describe the forms of strength of character in young volunteers for persons with disabilities and their development. Data collection methods used were Online Survey (Study 1) and Nominal Group Technique and Focus Group Discussion (Study 2). Both studies involved young volunteers in communities and organizations with disabilities in Malang Regency and Kota aged between 18-30 years (Study 1 with N = 59 people and Study 2 with N = 6 people). From the research, it is found that the character strength becomes the modality of participation as a volunteer and develops in the process of involvement of young volunteers for persons with disabilities.[Aktivitas sebagai relawan muda menyediakan kesempatan bagi pelakunya untuk membangun kesadaran yang lebih kuat terkait dengan isu-isu sosial, termasuk kesadaran terkait pemenuhan kesetaraan hak bagi penyandang disabilitas. Bagi para relawan muda, partisipasi dalam aktivitas berbasis kesukarelawanan dapat membentuk beberapa kekuatan karakter, antara lain kekuatan karakter yang dicetuskan oleh Peterson & Seligman (2004). Penelitian ini berusaha menggambarkan bentuk-bentuk kekuatan karakter dalam diri relawan-relawan muda bagi penyandang disabilitas dan perkembangannya. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah Online Survey (Study 1) dan Nominal Group Technique serta Focus Group Discussion (Study 2). Kedua study tersebut melibatkan relawan muda di komunitas dan organisasi penyandang disabilitas kabupaten dan kota Malang berusia antara 18 - 30 tahun. (Studi 1, N= 59 orang dan Studi 2, N= 6 orang).  Dari penelitian ini didapatkan gambaran kekuatan karakter yang menjadi modalitas partisipasi sebagai relawan dan berkembang dalam proses keterlibatan para relawan muda bagi penyandang disabilitas.]
Parenting Stress and Physical Abuse against Children with Disabilities
Authors: Nur Aini Rizqi , Susanto Tantut , Rasni Hanny
Published: July 2020

Children with disabilities often experience physical violence committed by caregivers. This study aims to identify the relationship between stress in caring for physical violence committed against children with disabilities. The study used a cross-sectional design to examine 76 parents with children with disabilities selected by convenience sampling techniques. Of the 76 participants, 35 (46.1%) parents physically abused children with disabilities. The most common type of violence is hitting (74.3%). Parenting stress may be felt by parents because there is a relationship between caregiving stress with physical violence (Z= -2.85; p-value= 0.004). Lack of access to information related to adaptive care makes parents in Indonesia still consider physical violence, such as hitting children, is a natural thing. The research concludes that there is a relationship between parental stress and physical violence against children with disabilities. Health workers are expected to be able to teach parents how to improve coping mechanisms to reduce parenting stress so that parenting behavior becomes adaptive.[Anak difabel sering mengalami kekerasan fisik yang dilakukan oleh pengasuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara stres dalam pengasuhan dengan kekerasan fisik yang dilakukan terhadap anakdifabel. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional untuk meneliti 76 orang tua dengan anak difabel yang dipilih dengan teknik convenience sampling. Dari 76 partisipan, 35 (46,1%) orang tua melakukan kekerasan fisik terhadap anak difabel. Jenis kekerasan yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah memukul (74,3%). Stres pengasuhan mungkin dirasakan oleh orang tua karena terdapat hubungan antara stres pengasuhan dengan kekerasan fisik (Z=-2,85; p-value = 0.004). Kurangnya akses informasi terkait pengasuhan yang adaptif menyebabkan orang tua di Indonesia masih menganggap kekerasan fisik seperti memukul anak merupakan hal yang wajar. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara stres pengasuhan dengan kekerasan fisik terhadap anak difabel. Tenaga kesehatan diharapkan dapat mengajarkan orang tua dalam meningkatkan mekanisme koping untuk menurunkan stres pengasuhan sehingga perilaku pengasuhan menjadi adaptif.]
Peningkatan Keterampilan Berbicara Menggunakan Metode Role Playing pada Siswa Kelas III-B MIN 8 Gunungkidul
Authors: Rujati
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to improve the quality of the process and results of speaking skills by using the role-playing method for third-grade students. MIN 8 Gunungkidul 2018/2019 Academic Year. This research is in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subject of this study was class III. B MIN 8 Gunungkidul 2018/2019 Academic Year amounted to 21 students. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, tests, and document studies - data validity using source triangulation and method triangulation. The data analysis technique used is an interactive analysis model, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The research process was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely: (1) action planning, (2) implementation of actions, (3) observation, and (4) reflection. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the role-playing method could improve the quality of the process and the results of speaking skills in class III students. B MIN 8 Gunungkidul Academic Year 2018/2019. This can be proven by the increasing percentage of students' attitudes to aspects of interest, activity, cooperation, and seriousness in the first cycle and second cycle. In the first cycle, the classic percentage of students' attitudes is 77.77% interest, 66.66% student activity, 72.22% cooperation, and 50% seriousness. In the second cycle, the classic percentage of a student, attitudes increased to interest 88.88%, student activity 77.77%, cooperation 83.33%, and sincerity 77.77%. The quality of the results is proven by obtaining the average value of the initial test results before the action (pra siklus), which is 68.77 with classical completeness of 27.77%. In the first cycle, the grade average value increased to 73.44 with 61.11% classical completeness. After the action in the second cycle, the average grade value increased to 80.77 with classical completeness 88.88%.
PhET Aplication Program: Strategi Menguatkan Pemahaman Siswa pada Materi Listrik DC melalui Pembelajaran Berbantu Lab Virtual
Authors: Thoha
Published: July 2020

This article aims to improve the understanding of DC electrical material by utilizing the PhET circuit-construction-kit-DC application. Learning activities using the Smartloop method and the utilization of virtual labs to facilitate students to solve the problem of electrical circuit material on the law II Kirchoff, more specifically in the closed circuit two loops that the way of completion is very complex with mathematical counts. From the experience of teaching students in the class XII IPA beginning in the school year 2018/2019 received positive note: 1) DC Electrical Learning assisted by PhET applications can be done through online or offline utilization of the Phet circuit-construction-kit-DC application supported by the Smartloop method, makes solving DC electrical problems easier and simpler; 2) The presentation of learning becomes more meaningful, the use of the Phet circuit-construction-Kit-DC application with the Smartloop method continues to prioritize the mastery of basic concepts, follow the rules/Use the principles or agreements that have been prevalent, and use reasoning. The results showed: a) students are more enthusiastic about learning, with indications of students eager to teach their peers who still do not understand the learning process in class and have fun lingering in front of the monitor screen; b) Students are more confident with the learning outcomes, because they can match the results using the usual process and how smartloop and the use of PhET circuit-construction-kit-DC; c) Better learning outcomes.
Small Discussion Method: Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Madrasah Tsanawiyah Binaan Kota Yogyakarta dalam Menerapkan Model Cooperative Learning
Authors: Murtinah Murtinah
Published: July 2020

The weak teacher's competence in understanding learning models is an early cause of student achievement in the mastery of teaching materials. A weak symptom of the teacher's understanding of the learning model at MTs Muhammadiyah Karangkajen in understanding the learning model was found after the academic supervision of one semester in the first semester of lesson 2019/2020. This research aims to determine the extent to which the professional improvement of teachers through small discussion in understanding and implementing cooperative learning models in order to improve student learning achievement. This research using the method of study of Madrasah (PTS) is conducted in 2 cycles. Improved teacher competence in understanding and implementing cooperative learning models achieve satisfactory results. From a pre 41.43% cycle, it becomes 71.43% on the I cycle, and can increase to 80.33% in the II cycle. The results of this study show that coaching through academic supervision through small discussion can improve the professionalism and performance of teachers in understanding cooperative learning models with a 80% compensation.
Pengembangan Entrepreneurship pada Program MA Keterampilan melalui Inovasi Model Pembelajaran Teaching Factory di MAN 2 Kulon Progo
Authors: Muttaqien Imam
Published: July 2020

MA Skills is one of the programs that is common (not SMK) with the same curriculum content as Madrasah Aliyah in general (regular) plus an intracuricular program in various areas of structured skills. MA Skill has 5 majors namely agribusiness processing agricultural products (APHP), fashion design, visual communication design, audio video engineering, and food management. Skills Program Given according to the spectrum adapted from SMK. Model teaching factory began to be implemented in MAN 2 Kulon Progo aims to improve the competency of the students to be able to become a reliable businessman and work according to their competency skills. Model teaching factory has 3 components, namely: 1) product as a media to introduce competence, 2) sheets of work that contains series and work assessments in accordance with industry standard working procedures, and 3) arrange a learning schedule that Enables optimal delivery of soft skills and skill to the students. The success of the teaching factory model involved all stakeholders in the madrasah can develop entrepreneurship activities in MAN 2 Kulon Progo.
Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Akidah Akhlak melalui Metode Market Place Activity pada Siswa Kelas XI-MIPA 4 MAN 3 Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Darojah St
Published: July 2020

This research aims to improve the activity and learning outcomes of Akidah Akhlak through the implementation of Market Place Activity method of Flow Kalam in class XI-MIPA 4 MAN 3 Sleman. The design of this research is class action research (PTK) which takes place in two cycles. The subject of this study was the students of the XI-MIPA 4 MAN 3 Sleman class as many as 31 people. Data collection is done by observation method to observe the level of learning activity and test method to find out the result of learning outcomes of Kalam flow material in the form of a double choice of 20 questions, given every end of the cycle. The results of study activities learned from a pre-active student cycle of 23% then on the I cycle increased to 51% and in cycle II increased to 87%. The results of the student learning pre-cycle value of 68 to reach 32%. Then at cycle 1 the average value increased to 78 with a close to 68%, on the cycle II the average value increased to 86 and the compensation reached 90%. Based on the research results from Cycle 1 and cycle 2 indicates that the implementation of the Market Place Activity (MPA) method of activity and student learning results are improved.
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Reactive Dye Derivatives Removed from Biodegraded Dyed Cotton by Chemical and Enzymatic Methods
Authors: Feng Chengcheng , Sultana Nadia , Sui Xinyi , Chen Yufei , Brooks Evie , Vinueza Nelson R.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine and characterize the biodegradation of reactive dyes on cotton jersey fabrics buried in soil. Four commonly-used reactive dyes, C.I. Reactive Black 5 (RBlk5), C.I. Reactive Red 198 (RR198), C.I. Reactive Blue 49 (RB49), and C.I. Reactive Orange 35 (RO35), were used in this study. Degradation products were characterized and proposed based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). A chemical method and an enzymatic digestion were developed and used to remove the reactive dye from the control and degraded cotton fabrics. Hydrolyzed reactive dyes and reactive dyes having cellobiose units were synthesized and used as standards for comparison in this study. The possible degradation mechanism pathways of the reactive dyes bonded to cotton fabrics depends on the chemical structure of each dye.
Crystal structure of poly[dibromido-bis(μ2-1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)hexane-κ2
N:N′)cadmium(II)], C24H36Br2N8Cd
Authors: Guo Jin-Bo , Li Guan-Feng
Published: July 2020

C24H36Br2N8Cd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.6915(4) Å, b = 7.6614(2) Å, c = 19.0851(8) Å, β = 100.529(4)°, V = 1393.21(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0744, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1823, T = 293(2) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of ((6R,7S)-3-ethyl-6-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-7-yl)(phenyl)methanone hemihydrate, 2(C19H18N4OS) ⋅ H2O
Authors: Ding Qichun , Yang Ruya , Yao Peipao
Published: July 2020

C38H38N8O3S2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.1773(12) Å, b = 12.9096(15) Å, c = 15.1950(18) Å, α = 97.579(1)°, β = 97.967(1)°, γ = 109.835(1)°, V = 1825.2(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0523, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1412, T = 296.15 K.
Crystal structure of 4,4′-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl-1-ium 5,3′,5′-tricarboxy-[1,10-biphenyl]-2-carboxylate, C25H17N2O8
Authors: Chen Shi-Jun , Tian Wei , Hui Yan-Ni , Zhu Mei
Published: July 2020

C25H17N2O8, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.6002(5) Å, b = 10.4192(5) Å, c = 11.0226(5) Å, α = 93.412(4)°, β = 98.094(4)°, γ = 98.787(4)°, V = 1075.04(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0547, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1426, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of (6aR,6bS,8aS,8bR,9S,11aS,12aS,12bS)-10-(4-acetoxy-3-methylbutyl)-6a,8a,9-trimethyl-3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,8b,9,10,11a,12,12a,12b-hexadecahydro-1H-naphtho[2′,1′:4,5]indeno[2,1-b]furan-4-yl acetate, C31H48O5
Authors: Mou Xiao-Dong , Wang Hui-Yun , Sun Ke-Wei , Luan Ming-Zhu , Meng Qing-Guo
Published: July 2020

C31H48O5, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.0421(3) Å, b = 6.49710(16) Å, c = 20.4687(4) Å, β = 97.922(2)°, V = 1454.45(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0382, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1024, T = 293(2) K.
Microstructure and Properties of Nickel/Detonated Nanodiamond Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Toulba Eman , Chowdhury Mahmudun N. , Ali Ahmed I. , Qassem Ibrahim S. , Daoush Walid M.
Published: July 2020

Nickel/detonated nanodiamond composites were prepared using the powder metallurgy technique. Detonated nanosized diamond particles were reinforced in the nickel matrix. The investigated powder was used to prepare homogenous diamond/nickel composite mixtures with different detonated nanodiamond content of weight percentage (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 wt.%). The produced mixtures were cold pressed into a cylindrical die shape under compaction pressure of 400 MPa followed by sintering at 1,000°C for 120 min under a controlled atmosphere of 1:3 hydrogen/nitrogen gas mixture. Phase identification and microstructure of the produced sintered samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results of the microstructure show a good distribution of the detonated nanodiamond in the nickel matrix, especially in the 0.8 wt% diamond/nickel sintered sample. The densities of the obtained sintered samples were measured by applying the Archimedes principal. As the detonated nanodiamond content was increased in the nickel matrix, the density of the sintered samples was decreased. The thermal expansion, electrical conductivity, and hardness of the produced diamond/nickel composites were measured. The coefficient of thermal expansion and electrical conductivity were decreased, but the hardness was increased by increasing the detonated nanodiamond weight percentage.