bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salpingectomy and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer in Ontario
Authors: Giannakeas Vasily , Murji Ally , Lipscombe Lorraine L. , Narod Steven A. , Kotsopoulos Joanne
Published: August 2023

Importance

A body of pathological and clinical evidence supports the position that the fallopian tube is the site of origin for a large proportion of high-grade serous ovarian cancers. Consequently, salpingectomy is now considered for permanent contraception (in lieu of tubal ligation) or ovarian cancer prevention (performed opportunistically at the time of surgical procedures for benign gynecologic conditions).

Objective

To evaluate the association between salpingectomy and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based retrospective cohort study included all women aged 18 to 80 years who were eligible for health care services in Ontario, Canada. Participants were identified using administrative health databases from Ontario between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2019. A total of 131 516 women were included in the primary (matched) analysis. Women were followed up until December 31, 2021.

Exposures

Salpingectomy (with and without hysterectomy) vs no pelvic procedure (control condition) among women in the general population.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Women with a unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy in Ontario between April 1, 1992, and December 31, 2019, were matched 1:3 to women with no pelvic procedure from the general population. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer combined.

Results

Among 131 516 women (mean [SD] age, 42.2 [7.6] years), 32 879 underwent a unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy, and 98 637 did not undergo a pelvic procedure. After a mean (range) follow-up of 7.4 (0-29.2) years in the salpingectomy group and 7.5 (0-29.2) years in the nonsurgical control group, there were 31 incident cancers (0.09%) and 117 incident cancers (0.12%), respectively (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.55-1.21). The HR for cancer incidence was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.53-1.44) when comparing those with salpingectomy vs those with hysterectomy alone.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, no association was found between salpingectomy and the risk of ovarian cancer; however, this observation was based on few incident cases and a relatively short follow-up time. Studies with additional years of follow-up are necessary to define the true level of potential risk reduction with salpingectomy, although longer follow-up will also be a challenge unless collaborative efforts that pool data are undertaken.
A Photopolymerizable Biocompatible Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Promotes Early Articular Cartilage Repair in a Minipig Model In Vivo
Authors: Gao Liang , Beninatto Riccardo , Oláh Tamás , Goebel Lars , Tao Ke , Roels Rebecca , Schrenker Steffen , Glomm Julianne , Venkatesan Jagadeesh K. , Schmitt Gertrud , Sahin Ebrar , Dahhan Ola , Pavan Mauro , Barbera Carlo , Lucia Alba Di , Menger Michael D. , Laschke Matthias W. , Cucchiarini Magali , Galesso Devis , Madry Henning
Published: August 2023

Articular cartilage defects represent an unsolved clinical challenge. Photopolymerizable hydrogels are attractive candidates supporting repair. This study investigates the short‐term safety and efficacy of two novel hyaluronic acid (HA)‐triethylene glycol (TEG)‐coumarin hydrogels photocrosslinked in situ in a clinically relevant large animal model. It is hypothesized that HA‐hydrogel‐augmented microfracture (MFX) is superior to MFX in enhancing early cartilage repair, and that the molar degree of substitution and concentration of HA affects repair. Chondral full‐thickness defects in the knees of adult minipigs are treated with either 1) debridement (No MFX), 2) debridement and MFX, 3) debridement, MFX, and HA hydrogel (30% molar derivatization, 30 mg mL−1 HA; F3) (MFX+F3), and 4) debridement, MFX, and HA hydrogel (40% molar derivatization, 20 mg mL−1 HA; F4) (MFX+F4). After 8 weeks postoperatively, MFX+F3 significantly improves total macroscopic and histological scores compared with all other groups without negative effects, besides significantly enhancing the individual repair parameters “defect architecture,” “repair tissue surface” (compared with No MFX, MFX), and “subchondral bone” (compared with MFX). These data indicate that photopolymerizable HA hydrogels enable a favorable metastable microenvironment promoting early chondrogenesis in vivo. This work also uncovers a mechanism for effective HA‐augmented cartilage repair by combining lower molar derivatization with higher concentrations.
Black Phosphorus‐Based Conductive Hydrogels Assisted by Electrical Stimulus for Skin Tissue Engineering
Authors: Liu Wenxin , Zhu Yingnan , Tao Zhaofan , Chen Yuxiang , Zhang Lei , Dong Alideertu
Published: August 2023

Conductive hydrogels have shown great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering, owing to their electroactive, mechanical, and chemical properties. However, it still remains as a challenge to incorporate other functions into conductive hydrogels, such as antibacterial ability, controllable drug release, and biodegradability. In this study, a black phosphorus‐based conductive hydrogel (HA‐DA@BP) is prepared by an amidation reaction coupled with a coordination of Fe3+‐catechol. The hydrogel could be changed from the sol phase to the gel phase under electrical stimulus (ES). The results show that BP could be released under slight acidity, which is cell compatible but could achieve synergistic electrical antibacterial action and promote wound healing. This study proves that BP is a strong candidate for electroactive materials and provides a new insight for the development of BP‐based biomedical materials in skin tissue engineering.
Anchoring π‐d Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks with Dual‐Active Centers on Carbon Nanotubes for Advanced Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Junhao , Jia Hongfeng , Liu Zhaoli , Yu Jie , Cheng Linqi , Wang Heng‐Guo , Cui Fengchao , Zhu Guangshan
Published: August 2023

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are gradually gaining attention owing to their natural abundance, excellent security, and high energy density. However, developing excellent organic cathode materials for PIBs to overcome the poor cycling stability and slow kinetics caused by the large radii of K+ ions is challenging. This study demonstrates for the first time the application of a hexaazanonaphthalene (HATN)‐based 2D π‐d conjugated metal–organic framework (2D c‐MOF) with dual‐active centers (Cu‐HATNH) and integrates Cu‐HATNH with carbon nanotubes (Cu‐HATNH@CNT) as the cathode material for PIBs. Owing to this systematic module integration and more exposed active sites with high utilization, Cu‐HATNH@CNT exhibits a high initial capacity (317.5 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent long‐term cycling stability (capacity retention of 96.8% at 5 A g−1 after 2200 cycles), and outstanding rate capacity (147.1 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1). The reaction mechanism and performance are determined by combining experimental characterization and density functional theory calculations. This contribution provides new opportunities for designing high‐performance 2D c‐MOF cathodes with multiple active sites for PIBs.
In Situ Nanoindentation at Elevated Humidities
Authors: Tadayon Kian , Bar‐On Benny , Günther Björn , Vogel Cordula , Zlotnikov Igor
Published: August 2023

Nanoindentation is one of the most widespread methods to measure the mechanical performance of complex materials systems. As it allows for local characterization of composite architectures with sub‐micron spatial features and a large range of properties, nanoindentation is commonly used to measure the properties of biological materials. In situ nanoindentation, a further development of the approach, is a powerful tool for the analysis of plastic deformation and failure of materials. Here, samples can be mechanically manipulated using the indenter, while their behavior is monitored with the resolution of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Indeed, numerous studies demonstrate the potential of this approach for studying the most fundamental material characteristics. However, so far, these measurements are performed in high‐vacuum conditions inherent to the conventional electron microscopy method, which are irrelevant when studying biological structures that evolved to perform in hydrated conditions. In this work, the ability to conduct nanoindentation experiments under controlled humidity and temperature inside an environmental SEM is developed. This technique has the potential to become crucial for materials design and characterization in many domains where humidity has a significant impact on performance. These include organic/polymer systems, microelectronic and optoelectronic devices, materials for catalysis, batteries, and many more.
Terahertz Nonreciprocal Photonic Spin Manipulation with Light‐Magneto‐Joint Modulation
Authors: Wang Hao , Fan Fei , Tan Zhiyu , Zhao Dan , Ji Yunyun , Cheng Jierong , Chang Shengjiang
Published: August 2023

Nonreciprocal materials and devices play an irreplaceable role in isolating, routing, and multiplexing. However, in the terahertz (THz) band, their active control mechanisms are still limited. Herein, a THz nonreciprocal photonic spin transmission is demonstrated in the undoped InSb actively manipulated by a light‐magneto‐joint modulation method, in which THz cyclotron resonance of the photoinduced carriers is conjunctively excited by both pump laser and external magnetic field. Moreover, a diffusion model of photoinduced non‐equilibrium carriers and its nonreciprocal dispersion model of magnetized plasma are established to interpret the experimental observation. The results indicate that the light‐magneto‐joint modulation achieves a broadband amplitude‐phase modulation with a higher modulation depth (>2π rad phase shift), as well as an active nonreciprocal spin transmission with magnetic circular dichroism (>20dB) and the Faraday rotation effect (>90°) in InSb, which is more efficient and faster than the traditional thermal excitation. Furthermore, the demonstration in a single‐frequency THz transmission system shows that this light‐magneto‐joint modulation mechanism in InSb can be multifunctionally applied in active control, isolation, and polarization conversion.
FGF9 Recruits β‐Catenin to Increase Hepatic ECM Synthesis and Promote NASH‐Driven HCC
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Qing , Teng Da , Guo Manyu , Tang Kechao , Wang Zhenglin , Wei Xiang , Lin Li , Zhang Xiaomin , Wang Xiuyun , Huang Dake , Ren Cuiping , Yang Qingsong , Zhang Wenjun , Gao Yong , Chen Wei , Chang Yongsheng , Zhang Huabing
Published: August 2023

Most nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients develop severe fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, which can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is involved in serial types of cancer; however, the specific role of FGF9 in NASH‐driven HCC is not fully understood. This study finds that FGF9 is increased in patients with NASH‐associated HCC. Furthermore, NASH‐driven HCC mice models by feeding wildtype mice with high‐fat/high‐cholesterol (HFHC) diet and low dose carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment is established; and identified that hepatic FGF9 is increased; with severe fibrosis. Additionally, AAV‐mediated knockdown of FGF9 reduced the hepatic tumor burden of NASH‐driven HCC mice models. Hepatocyte‐specific FGF9 transgenic mice (FGF9Alb) fed with a HFHC diet without CCl4 treatment exhibited an increased hepatic ECM and tumor burden. However, XAV‐939 treatment blocked ECM accumulation and NASH‐driven HCC in FGF9Alb mice fed with HFHC diet. Molecular mechanism studies show that FGF9 stimulated the expression of ECM related genes in a β‐catenin dependent manner; and FGF9 exerts its effect on β‐catenin stability via the ERK1/2‐GSK‐3β signaling pathway. In summary, the data provides evidence for the critical role of FGF9 in NASH‐driven HCC pathogenesis; wherein it promotes the tumors formation through the ECM pathway.
Nitrogen fertilization and genotype jointly drive bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) productivity but are not associated with differences in SOC
Authors: Rusch Hannah L. , Mendoza Mahomar Augusto Cesar , Lopez Yolanda , Andrade Mario Henrique Murad Leite , Maltais‐Landry Gabriel , Rios Esteban F. , Wilson Chris H.
Published: August 2023

Pastureland contributes a large share of the global soil C stock, much of which derives from root systems. Management practices like fertilization and the introduction of improved forages have clear benefits to aboveground forage production, but their impacts on belowground biomass (BGB) and hence soil C are less clear, especially in relatively understudied subtropical pastures. If fertilization and improved cultivars increase BGB, C sequestration may benefit. However, long‐term soil C stocks, and their associated ecosystem services, may be compromised if these practices sacrifice roots in favor of shoot production. We studied the aboveground and belowground biomass of nine bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) genotypes in response to four escalating NPK fertilization rates and compared the soil C and N stocks among them. As expected, increasing fertilization improved forage accumulation (FA) although gains from additional N diminished at higher fertilization rates. A positive relationship between fertilization and BGB emerged but varied among genotypes. The latter identified potential tradeoffs between aboveground and belowground allocation in newly released and commercial forage varieties, which may affect pasture persistence and contributions to soil organic matter over time. Overall, we found subtle differences in soil organic C/soil organic N stocks among NPK fertilization rates and genotypes, with the strongest signal emerging from C isotopic analysis. Our results suggest that fertilization at the recommended rate and improved genotype selection minimized negative tradeoffs between aboveground and belowground biomass and did not elicit differences in SOC in the top 15 cm but likely contributed to ecosystem disservices as it relates to N losses.
“Upheaval”: Unpacking the dynamic balance between place attachment and social capital in disaster recovery
Authors: Binder Sherri Brokopp , Baker Charlene K. , Ritchie Liesel A. , Barile John P. , Greer Alex
Published: August 2023

A growing body of literature demonstrates that both place attachment and social capital play considerable, and likely interdependent, roles in disaster recovery. This paper contributes to our understanding of these constructs by presenting findings from a longitudinal, mixed‐methods study of communities impacted by a home buyout program implemented in New York after Hurricane Sandy (N = 111). Results suggest a dynamic balance between place dependence, place identity, and bonding social capital, in which the relative importance of each construct can shift over time, and where losses in one of these areas may lead to cascading losses in the other areas. For buyout participants, increases in place dependence were associated with increases in bonding social capital, indicating that relocatees either regained both place dependence and bonding social capital in their new homes and communities, or they lost and did not regain both, depending on whether their new home and community met their emotional and functional needs sufficiently. For residents who remained in place, higher levels of place dependence were associated with losses in bonding social capital, reflecting the potential consequences of living in postdisaster limbo. Implications for future buyout research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Α rare case of myopathy, lactic acidosis, and severe rhabdomyolysis, due to a homozygous mutation of the ferredoxin‐2 (FDX2) gene
Authors: Gkiourtzis Nikolaos , Tramma Despoina , Papadopoulou‐Legbelou Kyriaki , Moutafi Maria , Evangeliou Athanasios
Published: August 2023

Mitochondrial myopathy is a severe metabolic myopathy related to nuclear or mitochondrial DNA dysfunction. We present a rare case of mitochondrial myopathy, presented with multiple episodes of proximal muscle weakness, lactic acidosis, and severe rhabdomyolysis (CPK 319,990 U/L, lactic acid 22.31 mmol/L, and GFR 3.82 mL/min/1.73m2). She was hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit due to acute kidney injury, elevated blood pressure, and deterioration of respiratory and cardiac function. Investigation for inherited metabolic disorders showed elevated levels of ammonia, lactic acid to pyruvic acid ratio, and urine ketone bodies. Exome sequencing detected a homozygous pathogenic variant in FDX2 (ENST00000541276:p.Met4Leu/c.10A > T) and a heterozygous variant of uncertain significance in MSTO1 (ENST00000538143:p.Leu137Pro/c.410 T > C). After Sanger sequencing, the p.Met4Leu pathogenic variant in FDX2 (ENST00000541276:p.Met4Leu/c.10A > T) was identified in a heterozygous state in both her parents and sister. Recently, pathogenic variants in the FDX2 gene have been associated with mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, optic atrophy, and leukoencephalopathy. Only four reports of FDX2‐related rhabdomyolysis have been described before, but none of the previous patients had hyperammonemia. This is a rare case of severe mitochondrial myopathy in a pediatric patient related to a pathogenic FDX2 variant, suggesting the need for genetic analysis of the FDX2 gene in cases of suspicion of mitochondrial myopathies.
Uninterrupted use of continuous positive airway pressure after endoscopic endonasal approach for pituitary tumors
Authors: North Lauren M. , Rohde Rebecca L. , Cornell Sarah , Long Christopher M. , Zwagerman Nathan T.
Published: August 2023

Key Points

Resumption of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the immediate postoperative period after endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) for pituitary adenomas can be safe.
Hepatic transcriptome signatures in mice and humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ding Yiming , Dai Xulei , Bao Miaoye , Xing Yuanming , Liu Junhui , Zhao Sihai , Liu Enqi , Yuan Zuyi , Bai Liang
Published: August 2023

Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main reason for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As a starting point for NAFLD, the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is receiving increasing attention. Mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) and hereditary leptin deficiency (ob/ob) mice are important NAFL animal models. However, the comparison of these mouse models with human NAFL is still unclear.

Methods

In this study, HFD‐fed mice and ob/ob mice were used as NAFL animal models. Liver histopathological characteristics were compared, and liver transcriptome from both mouse models was performed using RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq). RNA‐seq data obtained from the livers of NAFL patients was downloaded from the GEO database. Global gene expression profiles in the livers were further analyzed using functional enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway.

Results

Our results showed that the biochemical parameters of both mouse models and human NAFL were similar. Compared with HFD‐fed mice, ob/ob mice were more similar in histologic appearance to NAFL patients. The liver transcriptome characteristics partly overlapped in mice and humans. Furthermore, in the NAFL pathway, most genes showed similar trends in mice and humans, thus demonstrating that both types of mice can be used as models for basic research on NAFL, considering the differences.

Conclusion

Our findings show that HFD‐fed mice and ob/ob mice can mimic human NAFL partly in pathophysiological process. The comparative analysis of liver transcriptome profile in mouse models and human NAFL presented here provides insights into the molecular characteristics across these NAFL models.
Synergistic flame retardancy of solid acid, hindered N‐alkoxy amine, and halogen compound for polypropylene
Authors: Nakashima Erika , Hosokawa Yoshifumi , Ueno Tomonaga
Published: August 2023

Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic resin widely used in various industrial applications. However, the flammability of PP is a severe drawback that lowers operational safety. This study demonstrates the development of flame‐retardant PP. The co‐adding with various solid acids and a hindered N‐alkoxy amine (NOR116 – Flamestab® NOR 116 FF) affects the combustion behavior of PP in a vertical flame test. The co‐adding of silica alumina (SA) and NOR116 with PP promoted the melt drip, suppressed upward combustion heat, and shorter the combustion time. The decomposition products of NOR116 induced the cleavage of the main chain of PP, and it quenched the radicals on the surface of the SA particles because SA has abundant acidic sites and large pores, facilitating the adsorption of a substantial quantity of NOR116. The molecular weight of PP was controlled to 103 ~ 104 before the combustion to achieve an increase in the melt flow ability and suppress the upward combustion. Furthermore, a small amount of a halogen‐based flame retardant was incorporated into the PP/SA/NOR116 sample, and the specimens could instantly self‐extinguish on the gas phase by radical trap.
Radiation risks and information needs of pregnant and lactating women
Authors: Mettler Fred A.
Published: August 2023

This a historical review and current information regarding risks and effects of ionizing radiation in the context of human pregnancy and in particular the information needed for pregnant women to understand the type and magnitude of risks placing them in a realistic context. Much of our understanding comes from early animal studies but has been supported by studies of human exposure to medical radiation, radiation accidents and nuclear weapons.
Validation of a modified Chinese‐language version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (MCL‐DACOBS) in a sample of Chinese patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Guangdong , Li Ranli , Tian Hongjun , Ma Xiaoyan , Sun Yun , Jia Feng , Ping Jing , Cai Ziyao , Zhu Jingjing , Zhuo Chuanjun , Pan Zhi
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) is widely used to assess cognitive biases in patients who have schizophrenia. However, the lack of a modified Chinese‐language version of the DACOBS (MCL‐DACOBS) precludes Chinese schizophrenic patients from treatment aimed at normalizing cognitive biases, impacting their prognosis. Here, we aimed to produce a DACOBS for China and test the validity and reliability of the resultant MCL‐DACOBS.

Methods

Eighteen researchers collaborated to develop the MCL‐DACOBS: A total of 15 researchers modified and translated the English version of the DACOBS, 1 native‐English‐speaking researcher back‐translated the scale, and 2 Chinese sinologists localized and optimized the language of the MCL‐DACOBS. Forty‐two volunteers checked the scale items’ comprehensibility, and the two sinologists performed further localization and optimization based on their feedback. The final version of the MCL‐DACOBS used in this study was thus derived from the harmonized English‐language version of the scale. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to examine the best latent structure of the MCL‐DACOBS. Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to check the reliability. The discriminative ability of the MCL‐DACOBS was assessed according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

The CFA showed that all items loaded onto factors with loadings >0.400. A two‐factor structure showed a good model fit (root mean square error of approximation = .018, Tucker–Lewis index = .978, comparative fit index = .984). Promax rotation demonstrated that each item had a high factor load (0.432–0.774). Cronbach's α coefficient and ICC for the MCL‐DOCABS were .965 and .957, respectively, indicating that the scale has ideal reliability.

Conclusion

The MCL‐DACOBS has good validity and good reliability, and its psychometric properties indicate that it is a valid tool for measuring cognitive biases in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.
Meta‐analysis of PD‐(L)1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first‐line treatment in extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Lu Jiangyue , Lei Xiao , Zhang Pei , Du Lehui , Zhang Zhibo , Qu Baolin
Published: August 2023

Background

Immunotherapy targeting programmed death 1(PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1) has been successful in extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). However, first‐line PD‐(L)1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy (immunochemotherapy) versus chemotherapy has not been well studied.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials had been searched from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until December 29, 2022. Randomized effect consistency models were applied for estimating the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs). Study outcomes included overall response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), 6‐month and 1‐year disease progression rate, 1‐year and 2‐year mortality rate, and Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs).

Results

Six eligible trials with 2600 ES‐SCLC patients were included. Compared with chemotherapy, immunochemotherapy significantly improved ORR (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.07–1.63; p = 0.01), PFS (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58–0.78; p < 0.001), and OS (HR 0.72, 96% CI 0.66–0.78, p < 0.001) without increasing Grade ≥3 AEs (p = 0.07). Compared with patients with chemotherapy, the 6‐month disease progression rate was reduced by 0.39 (p = 0.01) and the 1‐year disease progression rate was reduced by 0.75 (p < 0.001), the 1‐year mortality rate was reduced by 0.33 (p < 0.001) and the 2‐year mortality rate was reduced by 0.50 (p < 0.001) respectively in patients with immunochemotherapy. However, patients with brain metastases failed to prolong PFS and OS from immunochemotherapy (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Compared with chemotherapy, PD‐(L)1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy as first‐line treatment could improve the efficacy and prognosis of ES‐SCLC patients without more serious side effects. However, more research is needed to validate these results.
Behavior of a Dynamic Covalent Library Driven by Combined Pd(II) and Biphasic Effectors for Metal Transport between Phases
Authors: Moneuse Raphaël , Bourgeois Damien , Le Goff Xavier , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Meyer Daniel
Published: August 2023

This work reports the effect of Pd(II) as chemical effector on an acylhydrazone‐based dynamic covalent library (DCL) in biphasic systems (water/chloroform). The constituents of the DCL are self‐built and distributed in the two phases, two of them are lipophilic enough to play the role of a carrier agent that may transfer Pd(II) from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. Upon addition of Pd(II), the DCL of components exhibits a strong amplification of the constituent that is the most adapted to stabilize Pd(II) in chloroform as well as its agonist in water. This evolution is driven by the combination of the interaction of the DCL with Pd(II) and the presence of the two phases. This study paves the way to a novel approach for liquid/liquid extraction and metal recovery by means of adaptive extractant species generated in situ by a DCL.
Measurement of Adsorption Properties at Different Scales: from Zero Length Column Experiments on Single Pellets to Breakthrough Curves
Authors: Kalaitzopoulos Stylianos , Mangano Enzo , Brandani Stefano
Published: August 2023

The ZLC technique is a powerful technique for the measurement of diffusion in nanoporous materials using mg quantities of a sample. Questions remain on whether the measured properties are representative of larger samples. A methodology has been developed to carry out single pellet experiments to determine average properties and variability of equilibrium and kinetic properties. To demonstrate the approach, n‐pentane on HISIV3000 extrudates was used as the test system, which was shown to be macropore diffusion controlled. Results on nine pellets provided average values showing a perfect match to breakthrough column experiments with a sample two orders of magnitudes larger.
Organometallic Allene [(μ‐C)(Fe(CO)4)2]: Bridging Carbon Showing Transformation from Classical Electron‐Sharing Bonding to Double σ‐Donor and Double π‐Acceptor Ligation
Authors: Parvathy Parameswaran , Parameswaran Pattiyil
Published: August 2023

Allenes (R2C=C=CR2) have been traditionally perceived to feature localized orthogonal π‐bonds between the carbon centres. We have carried out quantum‐mechanical studies of the organometallic allenes envisioned by the isolobal replacement of the terminal CH2 groups by the d8 Fe(CO)4 fragment. Our studies have identified two organometallic allenes viz. D2d symmetric [(μ‐C)(Fe(CO)4)2] (2) and D3 symmetric [(μ‐C)(Fe(CO)4)2] (3) with trigonal bipyramidal coordination at the Fe atoms. Compound 2 features the bridging carbon atom in an equatorial position with respect to the ligands on the TM centre, while 3 features the central carbon atom in an axial position. The bis‐pseudoallylic anionic delocalisation proposed in the C2‐C1‐C3 spine of organic allene is retained in the organometallic allene 2, and is transformed to a typical three‐centre bis‐allylic anionic delocalisation in the organometallic allene 3. The topological analysis of electron density also indicates a bis‐allylic anionic type delocalisation in the organometallic allenes. The quantitative bonding analysis using the EDA‐NOCV method suggests a transition from classical electron‐sharing bonding between the central carbon atom and the terminal groups in 1 to donor‐acceptor bonding in 3. Meanwhile, both electron‐sharing and donor‐acceptor bonding models are found to be probable heuristic bonding representations in the organometallic allene 2.
Corporate social responsibility and dividend payout policy in extraordinary time: Empirical study of South Africa
Authors: Buertey Samuel , Ramsawak Richard , Dziwornu Raymond K. , Lee Yong‐Seok
Published: August 2023

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a strategic tool that firms use to gain competitive advantage and enhance profitability in the long run, yet its effect on dividend payout in extraordinary times is limited. Grounded in stakeholder and dual responsibility theories, this study examines the effect of CSR on the relationship between COVID‐19 and dividend payout. Data from the period 2015–2021 were obtained from 114 non‐financial listed firms on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, South Africa, and analyzed by multivariate and logit regression techniques. COVID‐19 has a negative effect on the amount and likelihood of dividend payment, while CSR performance has a positive effect on the likelihood and amount of dividend payment. However, the result of the negative effect of COVID‐19 on dividend payment does not differ between high and low CSR performing firms. Conversely, the impact of COVID‐19 and CSR on dividend payment differ between high and low financial constraint firms. Shareholders should learn to manage their expectations of dividends payment during times of crisis like COVID‐19, as firms tend to focus more on addressing the needs of stakeholders through CSR initiatives, which will enhance profit in the long term, rather than paying out dividend to shareholders.
An intervention mapping adaptation framework to develop a self‐help intervention for athletes with eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Sandgren Sebastian S. , Haycraft Emma , Arcelus Jon , Plateau Carolyn R.
Published: August 2023

Objective

This research forum describes the use of the intervention mapping for adaptation (IMA) framework to develop and evaluate a novel intervention for athletes with mild eating disorder (ED) symptoms.

Methods

The six IMA steps were followed. In step 1 (needs assessment), we conducted a systematic review of athlete ED interventions and held interviews/focus groups with athletes and sports professionals to inform intervention format and delivery. In step 2 (intervention search), needs assessment information guided the search for an evidence‐based intervention suitable for adaptation to athletes. In steps 3 and 4 (intervention development), the identified intervention was adapted and feedback sought from athletes and sport professionals. In steps 5 and 6 (implementation and evaluation), a feasibility study was conducted with athletes (n = 35; females: n = 27; Mage = 27.1).

Results

The review highlighted poor evidence for the acceptability and relative efficacy of existing interventions, which were all delivered face‐to‐face in groups. Interview/focus group data suggested a need for more accessible intervention formats (e.g., self‐help). One non‐athlete self‐help intervention was determined suitable for adaptation to athletes, and adaptations were made. Initial feedback suggested the adapted intervention was relevant within sport settings. The feasibility study revealed that the intervention (MOPED‐A: Motivational and Psycho‐Educational Self‐Help Programme for Athletes with Mild Eating Disorder Symptoms) can be feasibly implemented, is acceptable to athletes and shows potential for reducing ED symptoms.

Discussion

IMA is a useful framework for developing participant‐centered and evidence‐based interventions. The findings and approach taken provide a framework for other researchers and clinicians in developing similar interventions in the ED domain.

Public Significance

The novel self‐help intervention described in this article was developed using intervention mapping and provides promise as a tool for reducing eating disorder symptoms in athletes. We describe how adopting and systematically following a health intervention development approach, such as intervention mapping, can ensure that eating disorder interventions are participant‐centered, contextually relevant, and evidence‐based, which in turn could help to maximize their reach and effectiveness.
Chronic encephalomyelitis virus exhibits cellular tropism and evades pDCs by binding to sialylated integrins as the cell surface receptors
Authors: Takeda Kazuya , Kaifu Tomonori , Michihata Ryunosuke , Kinugawa Naotaka , Fujioka Atushi , Tateno Ayaka , Toshima Kaoru , Kanoh Hirotaka , Inamori Kei‐Ichiro , Kamijo Keiju , Himeda Toshiki , Ohara Yoshiro , Inokuchi Jin‐Ichi , Nakamura Akira
Published: August 2023

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) causes a chronic demyelinating disease similar to multiple sclerosis in mice. Although sialic acids have been shown to be essential for TMEV attachment to the host, the surface receptor has not been identified. While type I interferons play a pivotal role in the elimination of the chronic infectious Daniel (DA) strain, the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) is controversial. We herein found that TMEV binds to conventional DCs but not to pDCs. A glycomics analysis showed that the sialylated N‐glycan fractions were lower in pDCs than in conventional DCs, indicating that pDCs are not susceptible to TMEV infection due to the low levels of sialic acid. TMEV capsid proteins contain an integrin recognition motif, and dot blot assays showed that the integrin proteins bind to TMEV and that the viral binding was reduced in the desialylated αXβ2. αXβ2 protein suppressed TMEV replication in vivo, and TMEV co‐localized with integrin αM at the cell membrane and TLR 3 in the cytoplasm, suggesting that αM serves as the viral attachment and entry. These results show that the chronic encephalomyelitis virus utilizes sialylated integrins as cell surface receptors, leading to cellular tropism to evade pDC activation.
The effect of lacosamide in peripheral neuropathic pain: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phenotype‐stratified trial
Authors: Carmland Malin Erika , Kreutzfeldt Melissa Dall , Holbech Jakob Vormstrup , Brask‐Thomsen Peter Kolind , Krøigård Thomas , Hansen Peter Nørregaard , Tankisi Hatice , Jensen Troels Staehelin , Bach Flemming Winther , Sindrup Søren Hein , Finnerup Nanna Brix
Published: August 2023

Background

Neuropathic pain is common and difficult to treat. The sodium channel blocker lacosamide is efficacious in animal models of pain, but its effect on neuropathic pain in humans is inconclusive.

Methods

In a multicentre, randomized, double‐blinded placebo‐controlled phenotype stratified trial, we examined if lacosamide produced better pain relief in patients with the irritable nociceptor phenotype compared to those without. The primary outcome was the change in daily average pain from baseline to last week of 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary and tertiary outcomes included pain relief, patient global impression of change and presence of 30% and 50% pain reduction.

Results

The study was prematurely closed with 93 patients included and 63 randomized to lacosamide or placebo in a 2:1 ratio, of which 49 fulfilled the per protocol criteria and was used for the primary objective. We did not find a better effect of lacosamide in patients with the irritable nociceptor phenotype, the 95% CI for the primary objective was 0.41 (−1.2 to 2.0). For all patients randomized, lacosamide had no effect on the primary outcome, but significantly more patients were responders to lacosamide than during placebo, with an NNT of 4.0 (95% CI 2.3–16.1) and 5.0 (95% CI 2.8–24.5) for 30% and 50% pain reduction respectively. We did not identify any predictors for response. Lacosamide was generally well tolerated.

Conclusion

We could not confirm that lacosamide was more efficacious in patients with the irritable nociceptor type, but the study was prematurely closed, so we cannot exclude a small difference.

Significance

Treatment of neuropathic pain is often a trial and error process. Little is known about which patient benefit from which kind of medication. The sodium channel blocker lacosamide shows variable effect on neuropathic pain. Pain sensory phenotype, as defined by quantitative sensory testing, did not predict response to treatment with lacosamide.
The effect of irrigation management on rice grain yield, irrigation water productivity and methane emissions in northern Iran
Authors: Yousefian Mostafa , Shahnazari Ali , Ahmadi Mirkhalegh Z. , Sarjaz Mahmoud Raeini , Arabzadeh Behrouz
Published: August 2023

This experiment aims to study the effect of water‐saving irrigation on rice production and methane emissions. Three irrigation methods, that is, flooding irrigation, deficit irrigation (DI) and alternate partial root‐zone drying (APRD), were employed in a 2‐year field trial. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. For the DI and APRD treatments, plots were not irrigated until the soil matric potential reached −10 (DI10 and APRD10), −30 (DI30 and APRD30) and −60 kPa (DI60 and APRD60). In the APRD treatments, two adjacent furrows of each plant row were alternately irrigated in consecutive irrigation events. The DI and APRD treatments did not affect yield components when the soil matric potential was −10 kPa. Applying APRD treatments increased irrigation water productivity by 45%, 51% and 31% for soil matric potentials of −10, −30 and −60 kPa, respectively. On average, water stress treatments reduced methane emissions by 78% compared to flooding treatment. On average, the APRD treatments decreased the water input by 10% compared with the DI treatments while achieving a 2.5% higher yield. This is the first study to outline the effect of APRD on methane emissions and rice production. These findings suggest that APRD could be a valuable strategy to mitigate methane emissions without risking rice yield reduction.
Influence of performance feedback and academic performance on parent–family involvement and parent satisfaction in US schools
Authors: Venugopal Prabhakar G. , Swapna Bhargavi G. , Ramesh Reddy Pedakamu , Shehab Marwa
Published: August 2023

Parental and family involvement in schools has been a concern for educators and administrators. The authors set out to assess the path directions and significance of the interrelationships between Performance Feedback (PF), Academic Performance (AP) on Parent–Family Involvement (PFI), and Parent Satisfaction (PS) in schools. This study utilizes data from the PFI in Education Survey 2019 under the National Household Education Surveys program done by the US Department of Education. The sample for this research is 954 parents. Structural equation modeling was employed using AMOS. Results establish the three research propositions: influence of PFI on PS with the mediation of AP and PF, influence of AP on PS is moderated by PF, influence of AP on PFI is moderated by PF. The findings are important for school administrators and all stakeholders for ensuring greater PFI, improved PF and AP of students, and higher PS. This study is unique in assessing the interactional effects of the variables considered. The study also establishes mediating and moderating influences and offers new insights in understanding the influences on PFI and PS and some bidirectional effects.
Hispidin‐enriched Sanghuangporus sanghuang mycelia SS‐MN4 ameliorate disuse atrophy while improving muscle endurance
Authors: Li I‐Chen , Lu Ting‐Yu , Lin Ting‐Wei , Chen Andy Y. , Chu Hsin‐Tung , Chen Yen‐Lien , Li Tsung‐Ju , Chen Chin‐Chu
Published: August 2023

Background

Disuse atrophy is a frequent cause of muscle atrophy, which can occur in individuals of any age who have been inactive for a prolonged period or immobilization. Additionally, acute diseases such as COVID‐19 can cause frequent sequelae and exacerbate muscle wasting, leading to additional fatigue symptoms. It is necessary to investigate potent functional nutrients for muscle reinforcement in both disuse atrophy and fatigue to ensure better physical performance.

Methods

The effects of Sanghuangporus sanghuang SS‐MN4 mycelia were tested on two groups of 6‐week‐old male mice—one with disuse atrophy and the other with fatigue. The disuse atrophy group was divided into three sub‐groups: a control group, a group that underwent hind limb casting for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days and a group that was administered with SS‐MN4 orally for 14 days, underwent hind limb casting for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days. The fatigue group was divided into two sub‐groups: a control group that received no SS‐MN4 intervention and an experimental group that was administered with SS‐MN4 orally for 39 days and tested for exhaustive swimming and running on Day 31 and Day 33, respectively. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and western blot analysis were conducted on C2C12 cell lines to identify the therapeutic effects of SS‐MN4 treatment.

Results

In a disuse atrophy model induced by hind limb casting, supplementing with 250 mg/kg of SS‐MN4 for 14 days led to 111.2% gastrocnemius muscle mass recovery and an 89.1% improvement in motor function on a treadmill (P < 0.05). In a fatigue animal model, equivalent SS‐MN4 dosage improved swimming (178.7%) and running (162.4%) activities (P < 0.05) and reduced blood urea nitrogen levels by 18% (P < 0.05). SS‐MN4 treatment also increased liver and muscle glycogen storage by 34.36% and 55.6%, respectively, suggesting a higher energy reserve for exercise. RNA‐seq and western blot studies from the C2C12 myotube showed that SS‐MN4 extract upregulates Myh4 and helps sustain myotube integrity against dexamethasone damage.

Conclusions

Supplementation of SS‐MN4 (250‐mg/kg body weight) with hispidin as active compound revealed a potential usage as a muscle nutritional supplement enhancing muscle recovery, fast‐twitch fibre regrowth and fatigue resistance.
A systematic review of automated segmentation of 3D computed‐tomography scans for volumetric body composition analysis
Authors: Mai Dinh Van Chi , Drami Ioanna , Pring Edward T. , Gould Laura E. , Lung Phillip , Popuri Karteek , Chow Vincent , Beg Mirza F. , Athanasiou Thanos , Jenkins John T. ,   the BiCyCLE Research Group
Published: August 2023

Automated computed tomography (CT) scan segmentation (labelling of pixels according to tissue type) is now possible. This technique is being adapted to achieve three‐dimensional (3D) segmentation of CT scans, opposed to single L3‐slice alone. This systematic review evaluates feasibility and accuracy of automated segmentation of 3D CT scans for volumetric body composition (BC) analysis, as well as current limitations and pitfalls clinicians and researchers should be aware of. OVID Medline, Embase and grey literature databases up to October 2021 were searched. Original studies investigating automated skeletal muscle, visceral and subcutaneous AT segmentation from CT were included. Seven of the 92 studies met inclusion criteria. Variation existed in expertise and numbers of humans performing ground‐truth segmentations used to train algorithms. There was heterogeneity in patient characteristics, pathology and CT phases that segmentation algorithms were developed upon. Reporting of anatomical CT coverage varied, with confusing terminology. Six studies covered volumetric regional slabs rather than the whole body. One study stated the use of whole‐body CT, but it was not clear whether this truly meant head‐to‐fingertip‐to‐toe. Two studies used conventional computer algorithms. The latter five used deep learning (DL), an artificial intelligence technique where algorithms are similarly organized to brain neuronal pathways. Six of seven reported excellent segmentation performance (Dice similarity coefficients > 0.9 per tissue). Internal testing on unseen scans was performed for only four of seven algorithms, whilst only three were tested externally. Trained DL algorithms achieved full CT segmentation in 12 to 75 s versus 25 min for non‐DL techniques. DL enables opportunistic, rapid and automated volumetric BC analysis of CT performed for clinical indications. However, most CT scans do not cover head‐to‐fingertip‐to‐toe; further research must validate using common CT regions to estimate true whole‐body BC, with direct comparison to single lumbar slice. Due to successes of DL, we expect progressive numbers of algorithms to materialize in addition to the seven discussed in this paper. Researchers and clinicians in the field of BC must therefore be aware of pitfalls. High Dice similarity coefficients do not inform the degree to which BC tissues may be under‐ or overestimated and nor does it inform on algorithm precision. Consensus is needed to define accuracy and precision standards for ground‐truth labelling. Creation of a large international, multicentre common CT dataset with BC ground‐truth labels from multiple experts could be a robust solution.
The role of neurotransmitters in glioblastoma multiforme‐associated seizures
Authors: Joghataei Mohammad Taghi , Bakhtiarzadeh Fatemeh , Dehghan Samaneh , Ketabforoush Arsh Haj Mohamad Ebrahim , Golab Fereshteh , Zarbakhsh Sam , Ahmadirad Nooshin
Published: August 2023

GBM, or glioblastoma multiforme, is a brain tumor that poses a great threat to both children and adults, being the primary cause of death related to brain tumors. GBM is often associated with epilepsy, which can be debilitating. Seizures and the development of epilepsy are the primary symptoms that have a severe impact on the quality of life for GBM patients. It is increasingly apparent that the nervous system plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment for all cancer types, including GBM. In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of how neurotransmitters control the progression of gliomas. Evidence suggests that neurotransmitters and neuromodulators found in the tumor microenvironment play crucial roles in the excitability, proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation of neurons, glial cells, and neural stem cells. The involvement of neurotransmitters appears to play a significant role in various stages of GBM. In this review, the focus is on presenting updated knowledge and emerging ideas regarding the interplay between neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as glutamate, GABA, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, and their relationship with GBM and the seizures induced by this condition. The review aims to explore the current understanding and provide new insights into the complex interactions between these neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the context of GBM‐related seizures.