bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Checkpointing Orchestrated Web Services
Authors: Vathsala A. Vani , Mohanty Hrushikesha
Published: December 2020

Web Services are built on service-oriented architecture which is based on the notion of building applications by discovering and orchestrating services available on the web. Complex business processes can be realized by discovering and orchestrating already available services on the web. In order to make these orchestrated web services resilient to faults; we proposed a simple and elegant checkpointing policy called "Call based Global Checkpointing of Orchestrated web services" which specifies that when a web service calls another web service the calling web service has to save its state. But performance of the web services implementing this policy reduces due to checkpointing overhead. In an effort to improvise this policy, we propose in this paper, a checkpointing policy which uses Predicted Execution Time and Mean Time Between Failures of the called web services to make checkpointing decisions. This policy aims at reducing the required number of Call based Checkpoints but at the same time maintains the resilience of web services to faults.
Novel Techniques to Eradicate Energy Inefficiencies That Abbreviate The Lifetime of The Cell Phone Based WSNs
Authors: THOMAS WILSON , L LAJISH V.
Published: December 2020

The Cell Phone Based WSN of compressed micro-sensors for data acquirement and supervise some surroundings distinctiveness, such as noise, trembling, temperature, and strain. These sensors are entrenched devices accomplished of data communication. In numerous of applications, sensor nodes are deployed over a geo-graphically large region. Due to their configuration, data of measured values must be transferred among stations through these sensor nodes. For this reason a successful, energy efficient routing protocol should be implemented to avoid data loss and additional challenges within limited energy levels. This paper presents a cell phone based routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks, based on the selection of the scheme of dynamic nodes. The key objective is to boost the lifetime of a sensor network while not cooperation data delivery. Significant tasks such as, scrutinize, supervise and determine of energy levels of nodes are handled by these independent mechanisms.
TÜRKİYE'DE MEYDANA GELEN BÜYÜK DEPREMLERİN YERLEŞME VE DEMOGRAFİK YAPI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ (1927-2020)
Authors: ŞENOL Celal
Published: December 2020

Şehirler, karşılaştıkları doğal ve beşeri faktörlerden dolayı yer değiştirmek mecburiyetinde kalabilmektedir. Türkiye, eski devirlerden beri sürekli depremlerin tesiri altında kalmıştır. Dolayısıyla günümüze kadar depremlerin etkisiyle bazı yerleşmeler yıkılmış bazıları ise yer değiştirmiştir. Hatta yıkılan bazı yerler tamamen ortadan kalkmıştır. Bu nedenle depremle yıkılan yerleşmeler bulundukları yeri terk ederek başka yere tekrar kurulmuşlardır. Gerçekleşen bu değişim şehirlerin hem mekânsal hem de demografik yapısında farklılaşmaları ortaya çıkarmıştır. Memleketimizde pek çok deprem yaşanmakta ancak bunların bir kısmı yerleşmelerin yer değiştirmesi üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1927 yılından günümüze kadar ülkemizde Mw>6 ve şiddet>9 üzerinde gerçekleşen depremlerin yerleşme ve nüfus üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu süreçte yer değiştiren Erzincan, Erbaa ve Gediz yerleşmeleri ana örneklem olarak kullanılmıştır.
Financial Frictions and Firm Informality
Authors: Franjo Luis , Pouokam Nathalie , Turino Francesco
Published: December 2020

In this paper we build a model of occupational choice with informal production and progressive income taxation. We calibrate the model to the Brazilian economy to evaluate the impact of removing financial frictions on informality. We find that financial deepening leads to a drop in the size of the informal sector (from 37 percent to 22 percent of official GDP), to an increase in measured TFP (by 4 percent), to an increase in official GDP (by 27 percent), to a decrease in tax evasion (by 17 percent) and to an increase in fiscal revenues (by 15 percent). When assessing the response of this policy at different levels of financial development, we find a non-linear relationship between the credit-to-GDP ratio on the one hand, and either the size of the informal economy, or GDP per capita on the other hand. We test these features with cross-country data and find evidence in favor of both types of non-linearity. We also investigate changes in the income tax progressitivity as an alternative policy and find it to be more effective in countries with a medium to high level of financial markets development.
A Mexican State-level Perspective on Covid-19 and its Economic Fallout
Authors: Cuesta Aguirre Juan Pablo , Hannan Swarnali
Published: December 2020

Mexico has had one of the highest death tolls from Covid-19 and among the largest declines in output compared to peers. This paper utilizes data on Mexico’s thirty-two states to better understand the relationship between health and economic outcomes. For instance, did the states with worse pandemic outcomes suffer more economically? What state-level characteristics impacted health and economic outcomes? Among the findings are: individual traits such as age and certain pre-existing conditions were associated with higher illness and fatality risks. States with higher initial health expenditure and capacity on average had a lower case fatality rate. The economic fallout was widespread well beyond the direct impact of the pandemic. Tourism-heavy states were particularly badly affected, while states with larger exposures to manufacturing exports performed better. These findings support the case for adequate health spending, fiscal lifelines for hard-hit workers and sectors, and further integration into global value chains to bolster economic outcomes and resilience.
Cameroon
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: December 2020

Since the approval of the first Rapid Credit Facility (RCF-1) request on May 4, 2020 (IMF Country Report No 20/185), weaker external demand in major trading partners (China and Europe) and a more pronounced impact of containment measures to slow the rising number of COVID-19 cases, have further deteriorated growth prospects and worsened Cameroon’s external and fiscal positions. Given limited fiscal buffers and urgent balance of payments needs due to the pandemic, the authorities allowed the current ECF arrangement expire at end-September, reiterated their interest on a successor arrangement, and in the meantime requested financial assistance under the “exogenous shocks window” of the RCF equivalent to 40 percent of quota (SDR 110.4 million). This additional request will bring the total disbursement under the RCF to 100 percent of quota in 2020.
Spain
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 impact. The pandemic has hit Spain’s society and economy severely following five years of strong job-rich growth. A large service sector dominated by SMEs, importance of tourism, and widespread use of temporary employment make the economy particularly vulnerable to the health crisis. It will take several years for the economy to recover, and the outlook is subject to strong downside risks.
Republic of South Sudan
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: December 2020

After five years of civil conflict, the warring parties came to a peace agreement
in September 2018. Until the COVID-19 crisis broke out, improved political stability and
an uptick in international oil prices led to significant progress, with a rebound in
economic growth, a decline in inflation, and a stabilization of the exchange rate. The
COVID-19 pandemic is severely disrupting South Sudan’s economy, leading to a sharp
decline in projected growth (-3.6 percent in FY20/21, about 10 percentage points below
the pre-pandemic baseline) and a contraction of oil export proceeds—the main source
of exports and fiscal revenue—which has given rise to urgent balance of payments
needs and opened a large fiscal financing gap.
Ukraine
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Published: December 2020

Tax policy in Ukraine is engaged in two fronts at once. On one front, very significant work has
been done over the years on the gradual improvement and updating of the tax system; on the
other, it questions essential tenets of the existing system, exploring fundamental changes to it.
While serious efforts have been devoted, for example, to the modernization of the international
aspects of the income tax, upgrading the regime to OECD standards, there is a strong push from
some quarters of the policy debate to do away with the Corporate Profit Tax (CPT) altogether.
The central idea is to replace it with a Distributed Profit Tax (DPT), generally referred to in
Ukraine as the Exit Capital Tax (ECT). In essence, this system would not tax profits as they accrue
to the corporation, deferring the tax to when the corporation distributes dividends to the
shareholder.
Botswana
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: December 2020

A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted by IMF’s Regional Technical Assistance Center for Southern Africa (AFS)1 during June 8–12, 2020 to assist Statistics Botswana (SB) in improving the quality of the national accounts statistics. The mission was conducted remotely respecting the constraints imposed by the COVID-19 outbreak.
Reliable national accounts are essential for informed economic policymaking by the authorities. It also provides the private sector, foreign investors, rating agencies, donors and the public in general with important inputs in their decision-making, while informing economic analysis and IMF surveillance. Rebasing the national accounts is recommended every five years. Rebasing requires comprehensive surveys and ideally, supply and use tables (SUT) to support coherence checking of data.
Gender Diversity in the Executive Board
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Published: December 2020

Executive Directors underscore the importance of promoting gender diversity at the IMF’s Executive Board and the Offices of Executive Directors (OEDs). The Executive Board recognizes that a diversity of views contributes to stronger decision making and is committed to ongoing efforts to improve the gender profile of the Board and Offices of the Executive Directors. The Fund’s membership has also indicated that it places importance on this issue; the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) has consistently drawn attention in its communiqués to the importance of enhancing the gender diversity of the Executive Board.
СЦЕНОГРАФІЯ ДИЗАЙНУ СЕРЕДОВИЩА
Authors: Kiba Mikhail
Published: December 2020

У статті розглянуті питання використання досвіду сценографії у дизайні середовища. Аналізується сценографія грецького театру. Вивчається співвідношення форм театру, сцени та декорації, а також їх вплив на глядача. Ці категорії також розглядаються в римському театрі. Він формується як закритий простір, щоб максимально привернути увагу глядача. У грецькому та римському театрі глядач включається в те, що відбувається на сцені, за допомогою зору та слуху. Сценографія компенсує статичність глядача використовуючи для цього рух акторів і хору, вживаючи спеціальні механізми для створення спецефектів. У статті розглянуто інший вид театралізованої вистави, в якому глядач ставав його учасником. Найпоширенышою формою такого подання була процесія. У статті наведені приклади театралізованих процесій та їх архітектурне оточення.
Важливим етапом у розвитку декорації є експерименти в театрі к. XIX – І третини ХХ ст. У театрі к. XIX ст. присутня натуралістична декорація, яка повторює оформлення міського середовища того часу. Зростання ритму міського життя, поява нових технічних засобів зв 'язку та пересування призвело до того, що декорація набуває динамічного вигляду. На декорацію театру І третини ХХ ст. вплинули авангардні течії у мистецтві. Мотиви промислової архітектури привносять у театральні постановки представники конструктивізму. Театральна декорація кі. ХХ ст. створюється проекційною технікою за допомогою цифрового устаткування. Проекції, створені з реальних фотографій, фрагментів відео, віртуальних і графічних зображень, стирають межу між декорацією театру і міським середовищем.
Декорація середовища формується як об’єми в просторі у вигляді синтезу вражень від міських споруд та середовищних об 'єктів. Ці об 'єкти, як у театрі декорація сцени, спрямовують рух, створюють зони підвищеного емоційного впливу. Середовищне проектування членує простір міста на тематичні зони з комплексом візуальних характеристик. Якість життя в цих міських зонах багато в чому залежить від середовищної декорації, що супроводжує життєві процеси.
            Ключові слова: середовище, дизайн, декорація сцени, сценографія, театр, архітектурне оточення.
ХРОМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ ИКОНИЧЕСКИХ КОДОВ В КАРТИНАХ ТАТЬЯНЫ АПРАКСИНОЙ
Authors: Serov Nikolai , Manteith James
Published: December 2020

Авторы осуществили актуальную для «иконического поворота» попытку представить и обосновать лингвистические возможности интерпретации иконического мышления на примере живописных работ Татьяны Апраксиной. Соотношение между сознательными и бессознательными предикатами изобразительного творчества привело к анализу понятия «образ». Показано, что сознательность с необходимостью является выборочной и частичной, тогда как образы бессознания включают множество неосознаваемой информации внешней среды и путем сублимации могут быть материализованы в цветовой среде живописных картин.
Хроматический анализ цветовой семантики по гендеру (психологическому полу) продемонстрировал существенные отличия для фемининного и маскулинного интеллекта с еще более явной дифференциацией для нормальных и экстремальных условий существования художницы. В творчестве нормативный аспект ее женственности за счет «трансцендентного перехода» в экстремальное состояние оказался менее существенным, чем сублимирующая функция бессознания.
Это согласовывалось с общепризнанной характеристикой творчества гениальных художников, которым приходится постоянно вынашивать свои образы идеального плана в женственном плане сознания, только после чего и рождаются истинные идеи; поэтому, именно маскулинным женщинам наряду с фемининными мужчинами удавалось достигать запредельных высот истинного творчества.
Хроматический анализ картин художницы показал гармоничное сочетание предикатов обоих полов в образе, иконика которого изменялась в зависимости от граничных условий так, что проявлялся весь опыт интеллектуального воплощения в переживаниях духа своего времени как предиката и идеала в сублимированном сочетании материи и духа. Высказано предложение, что такое подчинение приоритетов станет способствовать плодотворному развитию живописи.
            Ключевые слова: Татьяна Апраксина, живопись, цвет, образ, иконика, хроматизм, сознание и бессознание.
МАСОВА КУЛЬТУРА: ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИВЧЕННЯ ТА НАПРЯМКИ ТЕОРЕТИЧНОГО ОСМИСЛЕННЯ
Authors: Druzhinets Marianna
Published: December 2020

Мета статті – обґрунтувати проблемні питання масової культури, висвітлити головні підходи щодо вивчення її проблематики та виокремити  напрямки щодо теоретичного осмислення масової культури. Методологія дослідження полягає в застосуванні компаративного, історико-логічного, аналітичного  методів. Зазначений методологічний підхід дозволяє розкрити та піддати аналізу теорії осмислення масової культури, підходи щодо вивчення її проблематики. Зроблено спробу висвітлити в рамках загальної культури феномен масової культури, який, перебуваючи у процесі постійного динамічного розвитку, трансформується та змінюється, відкриває нові явища й особливості проявів складної соціокультурної системи сучасності. Проте недостатня розробленість проблеми у науці робить деякі положення дискусійними, розв’язання яких є важливим для сучасного культурного життя. Неоднозначність підходів, що стосуються загальних принципів вивчення самої сутності поняття «масова культура», додає певної складності і значущості цій проблематиці. Сучасна наукова парадигма визначає три головних підходи щодо вивчення проблематики масової культури. Виокремлюємо декілька напрямків щодо теоретичного осмислення масової культури: теорії масової культури, що розглядається як культура «масового суспільства»; наукові дослідження Франкфуртської школи; структуралістські теорії; марксистські і неомарксистські теорії; теорія фемінізму; постмодерністські теорії. Сьогоднішня наукова думка розглядає масову культуру не лише як домінування ситуації конформізму індивіда та суспільства в цілому, а скоріше компонентою загальних соціокультурних процесів у їх загальній динаміці. Наукові напрями, окрім постмодерністської теорії, певним чином спираються на використання дихотомії «елітарне- масове» у різних варіантах. Принципи теоретичних і практичних трансформацій моделі сучасної культури, за постмодерністською науковою думкою, безумовно, претендують у цьому контексті на певну наукову оригінальність, і постмодерний підхід до вивчення сучасних соціокультурних явищ представляється досить плідним для формування сучасного наукового знання.
            Kлючові слова: масова культура, культура «масового суспільства», проблематика, підходи до вивчення, напрямки осмислення, франкфуртські, структуралістські, марксистські і неомарксистські, феміністичні,  постмодерністські теорії.
ДИХОТОМІЯ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОГО І КОЛЕКТИВНОГО У СОЛЬНОМУ ТА АНСАМБЛЕВОМУ ЕСТРАДНОМУ ВОКАЛЬНОМУ ВИКОНАВСТВІ
Authors: Levko Veronica
Published: December 2020

У дослідженні охарактеризовано особливості функціонування сольних і ансамблевих форм вокального мистецтва естради в її історичній динаміці. Методологія дослідження полягає в застосуванні історико-культурного, компаративного та аналітичного методів, які стали підґрунтям для цілісної характеристики сучасного естрадного виконавства в його сольному та ансамблевому різновидах. Було розглянуто сольне та ансамблеве естрадне виконавство у дихотомії індивідуального та колективного. Індивідуальне і колективне у вокальному мистецтві естради виявляються через взаємодію сольного та ансамблевого начал. Аналіз історичного розвитку світової вокальної естради дозволив виявити системну зміну у виконавських складах: кожне нове десятиріччя відзначено пріоритетністю або сольного, або ансамблевого співу. У                  1970-х рр. на світовій естраді панує ансамблевий спів. Естетика вокальної насиченості в поєднанні з іміджем рок або поп-гурту як єдиного колективу сприяла культивуванню в естрадній музиці ансамблевого виконавства. 1980-і рр. стали періодом пріоритетності сольного співу на естраді, де вся увага концентрувалася на лідері колективу, функцію якого виконував вокаліст. У цей період радикально змінюється естрадна естетика: ансамблевий спів трансформується в сольний як найбільш відповідний духу індивідуалізму. Еволюція форм вокального виконавства в естрадному мистецтві відбувається завдяки поступовій зміні ядра і периферії. Сольний спів народжується у надрах ансамблевого – індивідуалізація партій з часом призводить до виокремлення сольної, а усі інші втрачають значимість і набувають рис бек-вокалу. Цей перехідний тип співу ми окреслили як псевдо-ансамблевий, він історично передує трансформації виконавського складу. У добу пріоритетності сольного виконавства серед відомих естрадних артистів набувають популярності дуети та інші колективні форми естрадного співу, які свідчать про значимість для солістів-вокалістів ансамблевих форм.
Ключові слова: естрадне вокальне мистецтво, музичне виконавство, сольний спів, ансамблевий спів, рок-музика, поп-музика, імідж, продюсування.
Validation of reanalysis Southern Ocean atmosphere trends using sea ice data
Authors: Hobbs William R. , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Pan Yuhang
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Reanalysis products are an invaluable tool for representing
variability and long-term trends in regions with limited in situ data, and especially the Antarctic. A comparison of eight different reanalysis products
shows large differences in sea level pressure and surface air temperature trends over the high-latitude Southern Ocean, with implications for studies of the atmosphere's role in driving ocean–sea ice changes. In this study, we use the established close coupling between sea ice cover and surface
temperature to evaluate these reanalysis trends using the independent,
30-year sea ice record from 1980 to 2010. We demonstrate that sea ice trends are a reliable validation tool for most months of the year, although the sea
ice–surface temperature coupling is weakest in summer when the surface energy budget is dominated by atmosphere-to-ocean heat fluxes. Based on our
analysis, we find that surface air temperature trends in JRA55 are most
consistent with satellite-observed sea ice trends over the polar waters of
the Southern Ocean.
BAYWRF: a high-resolution present-day climatological atmospheric dataset for Bavaria
Authors: Collier Emily , Mölg Thomas
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Climate impact assessments require information about climate change at
regional and ideally also local scales. In dendroecological studies, this
information has traditionally been obtained using statistical methods, which
preclude the linkage of local climate changes to large-scale drivers in a
process-based way. As part of recent efforts to investigate the impact of
climate change on forest ecosystems in Bavaria, Germany, we developed a
high-resolution atmospheric modelling dataset, BAYWRF, for this region over
the thirty-year period of September 1987 to August 2018. The atmospheric
model employed in this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, was configured with two nested domains of
7.5 and 1.5 km grid spacing centred over Bavaria and forced at the outer
lateral boundaries by ERA5 reanalysis data. Using an extensive network of
observational data, we evaluate (i) the impact of using grid analysis
nudging for a single-year simulation of the period of September 2017 to
August 2018 and (ii) the full BAYWRF dataset generated using nudging. The
evaluation shows that the model represents variability in near-surface
meteorological conditions generally well, although there are both seasonal
and spatial biases in the dataset that interested users should take into
account. BAYWRF provides a unique and valuable tool for
investigating climate change in Bavaria with high interdisciplinary
relevance. Data from the finest-resolution WRF domain are available for
download at daily temporal resolution from a public repository at the Open
Science Framework (Collier, 2020;
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AQ58B).
TITAM (v1.0): the Time-Independent Tracking Algorithm for Medicanes
Authors: Pravia-Sarabia Enrique , Gómez-Navarro Juan José , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro , Montávez Juan Pedro
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This work aims at presenting TITAM, a time-independent tracking algorithm specifically suited for medicanes. In the last decades, the study of medicanes has been repeatedly addressed given their potential to damage coastal zones. Their hazardous associated meteorological conditions have converted them to a major threat. Even though medicane similarities to tropical cyclones have been widely studied in terms of genesis mechanisms and structure, the fact that the former appear in baroclinic environments, as well as the limited extension of the Mediterranean basin, makes them prone to maintaining their warm-cored and symmetric structure for short time periods. Thus, the usage of a measure for the warm-core nature of the cyclone, namely the Hart conditions, is a key factor for successful identification of a medicane. Furthermore, given their relatively small spatial extent, medicanes tend to appear embedded in or to coexist with larger lows. Hence, the implementation of a time-independent methodology, avoiding the search for a medicane based on its location at previous time steps, seems to be fundamental when facing situations of cyclone coexistence. The examples selected showcase how the algorithm presented throughout this paper is useful and robust for the tracking of medicanes. This methodology satisfies the requirements expected for a tracking method of this nature, namely the capacity to track multiple simultaneous cyclones, the ability to track a medicane in the presence of an intense trough inside the domain, the potential to separate the medicane from other similar structures by handling the intermittent loss of structure, and the capability to isolate and follow the medicane center regardless of other cyclones that could be present in the domain. The complete TITAM package, including preprocessing and post-processing tools, is available as free software extensively documented and prepared for its deployment. As a final remark, this algorithm sheds some light on medicane understanding regarding medicane structure, warm-core nature, and the existence of tilting.
A distributed simple dynamical systems approach (dS2 v1.0) for computationally efficient hydrological modelling at high spatio-temporal resolution
Authors: Buitink Joost , Melsen Lieke A. , Kirchner James W. , Teuling Adriaan J.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we introduce a new numerically robust distributed rainfall–runoff model for computationally efficient simulation at high spatio-temporal resolution: the distributed simple dynamical systems (dS2) model. The model is based on the simple dynamical systems approach as proposed by Kirchner (2009), and the distributed implementation allows for spatial heterogeneity in the parameters and/or model forcing fields at high spatio-temporal resolution (for instance as derived from precipitation radar data). The concept is extended with snow and routing modules, where the latter transports water from each pixel to the catchment outlet. The sensitivity function, which links changes in storage to changes in discharge, is implemented by a new three-parameter equation that is able to represent the widely observed downward curvature in log–log space. The simplicity of the underlying concept allows the model to calculate discharge in a computationally efficient manner, even at high temporal and spatial resolution, while maintaining proven model performance. The model code is written in Python in order to be easily readable and adjustable while maintaining computational efficiency. Since this model has short runtimes, it allows for extended sensitivity and uncertainty studies with relatively low computational costs. A test application shows good and consistent model performance across scales ranging from 3 to over 1700 km2.
Mapping the age of ice of Gauligletscher combining surface radionuclide contamination and ice flow modeling
Authors: Jouvet Guillaume , Röllin Stefan , Sahli Hans , Corcho José , Gnägi Lars , Compagno Loris , Sidler Dominik , Schwikowski Margit , Bauder Andreas , Funk Martin
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In the 1950s and 1960s, specific radionuclides were released into the atmosphere as a result of nuclear weapons testing. This radioactive fallout left its signature on the accumulated layers of glaciers worldwide, thus providing a tracer for ice particles traveling within the gravitational ice flow and being released into the ablation zone. For surface ice dating purposes, we analyze here the activity of 239Pu, 240Pu and 236U radionuclides derived from more than 200 ice samples collected along five flowlines at the surface of Gauligletscher, Switzerland. It was found that contaminations appear band-wise along most of the sampled lines, revealing a V-shaped profile consistent with the ice flow field already observed. Similarities to activities found in ice cores permit the isochronal lines at the glacier from 1960 and 1963 to be identified. Hence this information is used to fine-tune an ice flow/mass balance model, and to accurately map the age of the entire glacier ice. Our results indicate the strong potential for combining radionuclide contamination and ice flow modeling in two different ways. First, such tracers provide unique information on the long-term ice motion of the entire glacier (and not only at its surface), and on the long-term mass balance, and therefore offer an extremely valuable data tool for calibrating ice flows within a model. Second, the dating of surface ice is highly relevant when conducting “horizontal ice core sampling”, i.e., when taking chronological samples of surface ice from the distant past, without having to perform expensive and logistically complex deep ice-core drilling.
In conclusion, our results show that an airplane which crash-landed on the Gauligletscher in 1946 will likely soon be released from the ice close to the place where pieces have emerged in recent years, thus permitting the prognosis given in an earlier model to be revised considerably.
MULHERES NA POLÍTICA: A PARTICIPAÇÃO DE CANDIDATAS RELIGIOSAS À ALEP (2018)
Authors: Pereira de Lima Crislaine , Satiê de Oliveira Pátaro Cristina , Antonio Mezzomo Frank
Published: December 2020

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a participação de mulheres na campanha eleitoral à Assembleia Legislativa Estadual do Paraná em 2018, atentando-se especificamente às pleiteantes que fizeram uso, em sua campanha, de elementos religiosos. Procuramos evidenciar, a partir dos materiais de campanha que circularam no Facebook oficial das candidatas, a recorrência ao imaginário, símbolos e outros elementos religiosos, sobretudo no que diz respeito às pautas de campanha que evidenciam esta relação entre os campos político e religioso.
A CRÍTICA NEOATEÍSTA À INFLUÊNCIA DA RELIGIÃO NA POLÍTICA NAS SOCIEDADES CONTEMPORÂNEAS
Authors: Andrade Roney De Seixas
Published: December 2020

A partir da análise do discurso neoateísta em sua crítica à influência da religião na política no âmbito das sociedades contemporâneas em geral e na sociedade estadunidense em particular, o presente artigo visa discutir o estreito relacionamento entre religião e política e as suas permanentes conexões. Diferente daquilo que convencionalmente se pensa, a religião não se reduz a crenças, a ritos e a práticas associadas, antes e primordialmente, a religião é política, isto é, ela está relacionada ao ordenamento do mundo humano-social. Assim sendo, ainda que consideremos que atualmente vivemos em um mundo que “saiu da religião”, a religião nunca abandonou completamente a sua vocação política original de ser o fundamento exclusivo do estar junto coletivo e por isso permanece, de certa forma e de diferentes maneiras, presente nos processos políticos mesmo nas sociedades modernas e contemporâneas.
O ATEÍSMO NA HISTORIOGRAFIA
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Ricardo
Published: December 2020

Apresentar um panorama da produção historiográfica sobre o ateísmo é o principal objetivo desse trabalho. O dossiê História, Laicidade e Ateísmo, publicado pela revista Relegens Thréskeia procura preencher uma lacuna nos estudos sobre descrença religiosa nas ciências sociais brasileira, os quais ainda são escassos. Aproveitando a oportunidade eu enfatizo o potencial desse tipo de pesquisa para a historiografia brasileira. Com esse objetivo eu mostro inicialmente algumas investigações na historiografia estrangeira (até como forma de estimular os pesquisadores nacionais). E finalizo com a exposição de alguns estudos na universidade brasileira.
De berechting binnen een redelijke termijn
Authors: Verkerk Remme , van Dijk Frans , Pistora Dewy
Published: December 2020

De berechting binnen een redelijke termijn. Een empirisch onderzoek naar doorlooptijden in handelszaken

Dit artikel betreft een empirisch onderzoek naar de doorlooptijden in civiele zaken. Het gaat in op de categorie van zaken die te kampen hebben met de langste doorlooptijden: handelszaken met een belang van boven de € 1 miljoen. Van honderd van dergelijke zaken zijn de procedure in eerste aanleg en in hoger beroep nader bestudeerd en is het procesverloop in kaart gebracht. Het onderzoek maakt inzichtelijk welke tijd is gemoeid met de afzonderlijke stappen in de procedure.
Evaluation of the fungicidal properties of essential oils from Leptospermum scoparium and Azadirachta indica in relation to selected fungi causing wood decay
Authors: Świstak Joanna , Betlej Izabela
Published: December 2020

Evaluation of the fungicidal properties of essential oils from Leptospermum scoparium and Azadirachta indica in relation to selected fungi causing wood decay. The publication presents the results of evaluation of the fungicidal effect of two essential oils from Leptospermum scoparium (manuka) and zadirachta indica (neem) on fungi that cause the decomposition of Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana wood. Research results indicate that the growth of the tested fungi is clearly inhibited with the
participation of the highest concentrations of essential oils used. At the same time, it was found that the action of neem oil was stronger compared to the Traetes versicolor fungus. In contrast, manuka essential oil has a stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of Coniophora puteana.
„The Betrayal Method”. Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz’s Struggle with the Specter of Science
Authors: Czardybon Marcin
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the reluctance of some Polish representatives of the humanities towards the dictatorship of the Reason that underlies the scientifi c paradigm. The work of Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz, especially from the later period, is used as an example of such an attitude. A renowned poet, essayist, and scholar of Polish Romanticism, Rymkiewicz presents a suggestive anti-rationalist diatribe in his discursively heterogeneous works, situated on the verge of an essay, an academic dissertation, and fi ction. The main goal of the article is to reconstruct this diatribe (inspired by the specifi c Rymkiewicz’s reading of Heidegger’s philosophy) the elements of remain scattered among numerous books by Rymkiewicz.
Prismets profil gjennom 50 år (1950–2000)
Authors: Mogstad Sverre Dag
Published: December 2020

Tidsskriftet Prismet er 70 år i 2020. Det har skjedd store forandringer fra første årgang i 1950 til dagens utgaver. Fra begynnelsen ønsket tidsskriftet å være et kristent verdiforankret og ideologisk tidskrift. Artikkelen analyserer om forståelsen av pedagogikk og den kristne forankringen har endret seg gjennom de første femti årene (1950–2000). Grunnleggerne av tidsskriftet fant den ideologiske forankringen i det de kalte en «helhetspedagogikk» eller «integralpedagogikk» og i en luthersk kristendomsforståelse. Analysene viser at redaksjonene stort sett har beholdt denne forståelsen selv om det ideologikritiske har blitt dempet betraktelig og forståelsen av pedagogikk har blitt mer utydelig.

Nøkkelord: religionspedagogikk, helhetspedagogikk, kristen pedagogikk, pedagogisk historie, Prismet
Regulation of toll-like receptors expression in muscle cells by exercise-induced stress
Authors: Park Jeong-Woong , Kim Kyung-Hwan , Choi Joong-Kook , Park Tae Sub , Song Ki-Duk , Cho Byung-Wook
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study investigates the expression patterns of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular mediators in horse muscle cells after exercise, and the relationship between TLRS expression in stressed horse muscle cells and immune cell migration toward them.Methods: The expression patterns of the TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR8) and downstream signaling pathway-related genes (myeloid differentiation primary response 88 [MYD88]; activating transcription factor 3 [ATF3]) are examined in horse tissues, and horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and muscles in response to exercise, using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Expressions of chemokine receptor genes, i.e., C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), are studied in PBMCs and PMNs. A horse muscle cell line is developed by transfecting SV-T antigen into fetal muscle cells, followed by examination of muscle-specific genes. Horse muscle cells are treated with stressors, i.e., cortisol, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and heat, to mimic stress conditions in vitro, and the expression of TLR4 and TLR8 are examined in stressed muscle cells, in addition to migration activity of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells.Results: The qPCR revealed that TLR4 message was expressed in cerebrum, cerebellum, thymus, lung, liver, kidney, and muscle, whereas TLR8 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney, while TLR2 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney. Expressions of TLRs, i.e., TLR4 and TLR8, and mediators, i.e., MYD88 and ATF3, were upregulated in muscle, PBMCs and PMNs in response to exercise. Expressions of CXCR2 and CCR5 were also upregulated in PBMCs and PMNs after exercise. In the muscle cell line, TLR4 and TLR8 expressions were upregulated when cells were treated with stressors such as cortisol, H2O2, and heat. Migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells was increased by exercise and oxidative stresses, and combinations of these. Treatment with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), an antioxidant on stressed muscle cells, reduced migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells.Conclusion: In this study, we have successfully cultured horse skeletal muscle cells, isolated horse PBMCs, and established an in vitro system for studying stress-related gene expressions and function. Expression of TLR4, TLR8, CXCR2, and CCR5 in horse muscle cells was higher in response to stressors such as cortisol, H2O2, and heat, or combinations of these. In addition, migration of PBMCs toward muscle cells was increased when muscle cells were under stress, but inhibition of reactive oxygen species by MSM modulated migratory activity of PBMCs to stressed muscle cells. Further study is necessary to investigate the biological function(s) of the TLR gene family in horse muscle cells.
A model-driven approach to interoperability between simulation and optimization for production and logistics systems
Authors: Sprock Timothy
Published: December 2020

Simulation and optimization must be used together to design and operate large-scale, complex systems. Integrating them presents a number of conceptual and technical problems, which can be addressed with more expressive, computer-interpretable system models. This paper presents a model-driven approach to integrating simulation and optimization methods by exchanging system designs that specialize analysis abstractions, both defined in the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). The analysis abstractions enable translation of system models to corresponding analysis models and tool interfaces. This approach (model-driven system-analysis integration) is demonstrated by developing a multi-fidelity, multi-method simulation optimization methodology and applying it to a supply chain design case study.
Risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Qiangru , Xiong Huaiyu , Shuai Tiankui , Zhang Meng , Zhang Chuchu , Wang Yalei , Zhu Lei , Lu Jiaju , Liu Jian
Published: December 2020

Background

New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with an accelerated decline in lung function, and a significant increase in mortality rate. A deeper understanding of the risk factors for new-onset AF during COPD will provide insights into the relationship between COPD and AF and guide clinical practice. This systematic review and meta-analysis is designed to identify risk factors for new-onset AF in patients with COPD, and to formulate recommendations for preventing AF in COPD patients that will assist clinical decision making.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies, which reported the results of potential risk factors for new-onset AF in COPD patients.

Results

Twenty studies involving 8,072,043 participants were included. Fifty factors were examined as potential risk factors for new-onset AF during COPD. Risk factors were grouped according to demographics, comorbid conditions, and COPD- and cardiovascular-related factors. In quantitative analysis, cardiovascular- and demographic-related factors with a greater than 50% increase in the odds of new-onset AF included age (over 65 years and over 75 years), acute care encounter, coronary artery disease, heart failure and congestive heart failure. Only one factor is related to the reduction of odds by more than 33.3%, which is black race (vs white). In qualitative analysis, the comparison of the risk factors was conducted between COPD-associated AF and non-COPD-associated AF. Cardiovascular-related factors for non-COPD-associated AF were also considered as risk factors for new-onset AF during COPD; however, the influence tended to be stronger during COPD. In addition, comorbid factors identified in non-COPD-associated AF were not associated with an increased risk of AF during COPD.

Conclusions

New-onset AF in COPD has significant demographic characteristics. Older age (over 65 years), males and white race are at higher risk of developing AF. COPD patients with a history of cardiovascular disease should be carefully monitored for new-onset of AF, and appropriate preventive measures should be implemented. Even patients with mild COPD are at high risk of new-onset AF. This study shows that risk factors for new-onset AF during COPD are mainly those associated with the cardiovascular-related event and are not synonymous with comorbid factors for non-COPD-associated AF. The pathogenesis of COPD-associated AF may be predominantly related to the cardiac dysfunction caused by the chronic duration of COPD, which increases the risk of cardiovascular-related factors and further increases the risk of AF during COPD.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019137758.
Identification of significant genes signatures and prognostic biomarkers in cervical squamous carcinoma via bioinformatic data
Authors: He Yunan , Hu Shunjie , Zhong Jiaojiao , Cheng Anran , Shan Nianchun
Published: December 2020

Background

Cervical squamous cancer (CESC) is an intractable gynecological malignancy because of its high mortality rate and difficulty in early diagnosis. Several biomarkers have been found to predict the prognose of CESC using bioinformatics methods, but they still lack clinical effectiveness. Most of the existing bioinformatic studies only focus on the changes of oncogenes but neglect the differences on the protein level and molecular biology validation are rarely conducted.

Methods

Gene set data from the NCBI-GEO database were used in this study to compare the differences of gene and protein levels between normal and cancer tissues through significant pathway selection and core gene signature analysis to screen potential clinical biomarkers of CESC. Subsequently, the molecular and protein levels of clinical samples were verified by quantitative transcription PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Three differentially expressed genes (RFC4, MCM2, TOP2A) were found to have a significant survival (P < 0.05) and highly expressed in CESC tissues. Molecular biological verification using quantitative reverse transcribed PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays exhibited significant differences in the expression of RFC4 between CESC and para-cancerous tissues (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study identified three potential biomarkers (RFC4, MCM2, TOP2A) of CESC which may be useful to clarify the underlying mechanisms of CESC and predict the prognosis of CESC patients.
Comparison of Locally Developed Date Palm Pollination Machine with Manual Pollination under Shambat Condition – Sudan
Authors: Dahab Mohamed Hassan , Osman Mona Shahin , Abdalla Omer Ahmed
Published: December 2020

The main objective of the research study was to compare a locally developed date palm pollination machine to manual pollination during two successive seasons. Two pressures were used to operate the machine. The parameters measured were, rate of work, pollen application rate, crop yield and cost of pollination. The results indicated that the field capacity (rate of work) of the pollination machine was 18 tree/hr, while for the manual pollination it was 5 tree/hr. The machine pollen application rate was 0.5-1 gm/tree as compared to manual pollination which consumed higher amount of pollen 8 gm/tree. There was no significant difference between the effect of using the three methods of pollination on physical and chemical characteristics of date fruits. There was significant effect of treatments on quantity of date yield in the two seasons for the three methods of pollination at 5% level of significance. The pollination machine at high pressure produced higher yield than other treatments which were 605 kg, 1206 kg for the two seasons respectively, while the lowest yield was recorded by manual pollination as 233 kg and 818 kg for the two seasons in sequence. The pollination cost of the machine was 9.1 SDG /tree which was less than the manual pollination that costs 60 SDG /tree. The manual pollination needed two labors to pollinate 200 trees per season, while mechanical pollinator needed one operator to pollinate 760 trees per year. The pollination machine reached up to 10 meters in height. In addition, considerable reduction of time requirements, and pollination cost were observed.

It was concluded that the pollination machine is highly reliable and efficient in control over pollen application rate, thus reducing pollen loss to minimum, saving cost and time and overcoming defects associated with manual pollination.
Effect of Weed Management Practices on Economics of Groundnut in Coastal Zone of Karnataka
Authors: Narwal Kunal , Yenagi B. S.
Published: December 2020

Aims: To assess efficacy and economic viablity of herbicides on weed management in groundnut under groundnut during rabi-summer season.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Kumta, Uttar Kannada, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka) during rabi 2016-2017.

Methodology: The experiment comprised nine treatments are as follows. T1: Unweeded check, T2: Weed free check, T3: Two hand weeding (At 20 and 40 DAS), T4: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T5: oxyfluorfen 23.5% E.C. @ 200 g ha-1(PE) fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T6: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE)  fb quizalofop-p-ethyl 5% E.C. @ 50 g ha-1 20-30 DAS (POE), T7: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE) fb imazethapyr 10% S.L.  @ 75 g ha-1 20- 30 DAS (POE), T8: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE) fb oxyfluorfen 23.5% E.C. @ 100 g ha-1 at 20-30 DAS (POE), T9: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS.

Results: Among the weed management practices revealed that, higher cost of cultivation ( 53,340 ha-1) under weed free check and pod yield (2255 kg ha-1), gross return ( 92,446 ha-1), net return ( 45,239 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.96) with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha-1 followed by one hand weeding at 25 DAS.