bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Exercise a Cost-Effective Intervention for People Receiving Hemodialysis? A Narrative Review
Authors: Hurt Adam W. , March Daniel S. , Cooper Nicola J. , Burton James O.
Published: February 2021

Chronic kidney disease is associated with elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which is particularly high in individuals with end-stage kidney disease receiving hemodialysis and leads to a disproportionate use of health care services. Although exercise is recommended for these patients, specific programs of exercise are yet to be implemented as part of routine care, which may be partly due to uncertainty over the cost-effectiveness of such programs. Within the current climate of limited funding and resources, health care providers are increasingly under pressure to ensure new treatments are cost-effective. Exercise programs have demonstrated some benefit to physical function and quality of life when used as part of the management of end-stage kidney disease. This may lead to reductions in the growing patient costs and hospitalizations, and improve quality of life. However, the cost-effectiveness of programs of exercise in this population has not been previously reported. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to describe cost-effectiveness, to highlight the potential for exercise programs to be cost-effective in this population, and to identify some future directions.
Longitudinal study of the morphological and T2* changes of knee cartilages of marathon runners using prototype software for automatic cartilage segmentation
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yu Baohai , Zhang Ranxu , Chen Xiaoshuai , Shao Shuying , Zeng Yan , Cui Jianling , Zhao Jian
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To study the effect of long-distance running on the morphological and T2* assessment of knee cartilage.

Methods:

3D-DESS and T2* mapping was performed in 12 amateur marathon runners (age: between 21 and 37 years) without obvious morphological cartilage damage. MRI was performed three times: within 24 h before the marathon, within 12 h after the marathon, and after a period of convalescence of two months. An automatic cartilage segmentation method was used to quantitatively assessed the morphological and T2* of knee cartilage pre- and post-marathon. The cartilage thickness, volume, and T2* values of 21 sub-regions were quantitatively assessed, respectively.

Results:

The femoral lateral central (FLC) cartilage thickness was increased when 12-h post-marathon compared with pre-marathon. The tibial medial anterior (TMA) cartilage thickness was decreased when 2 months post-marathon compared with pre-marathon. The tibial lateral posterior (TLP) cartilage volume was increased when 12-h post-marathon compared with pre-marathon. The cartilage T2* value in most sub-regions had the upward trend when 12-h post-marathon and restored trend when 2 months post-marathon, compared with pre-marathon. The femoral lateral anterior (FLA) and TMA cartilage volumes were decreased 2 months post-marathon compared with pre-marathon.

Conclusions:

The marathon had some effects on the thickness, volume, and T2* value of the knee cartilages. The thickness and volume of knee cartilage in most sub-regions were without significantly changes post-marathon compared with pre-marathon. T2* value of knee cartilage in most sub-regions was increased right after marathon and recovered 2 months later. The TLP and TMA subregions needed follow-up after marathon.

Advances in knowledge:

The morphological and T2* changes of knee cartilage after marathon were evaluated by MRI and automatic segmentation software. This study was the first to use cartilage automatic segmentation software to evaluate the effects of marathon on the morphology and biochemical components of articular cartilage, and to predict the most vulnerable articular cartilage subregions, for the convenience of future exercise adjustment and the avoidance of sports cartilage injury.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of pathologic nipple discharge: indications and imaging findings
Authors: Samreen Naziya , Madsen Laura B , Chacko Celin , Heller Samantha L
Published: February 2021

Pathologic nipple discharge (PND) is typically unilateral, spontaneous, involves a single duct, and is serous or bloody in appearance. In patients with PND, breast MRI can be helpful as an additional diagnostic tool when conventional imaging with mammogram and ultrasound are negative. MRI is able to detect the etiology of nipple discharge in 56–61% of cases when initial imaging with mammogram and ultrasound are negative. Advantages to using MRI in evaluation of PND include good visualization of the retroareolar breast and better evaluation of posterior lesions which may not be well evaluated on mammograms and galactograms. It is also less invasive compared to central duct excision. Papillomas and nipple adenomas are benign breast masses that can cause PND and are well visualized on MRI. Ductal ectasia, and infectious etiologies such as mastitis, abscess, and fistulas are additional benign causes of PND that are well evaluated with MRI. MRI is also excellent for evaluation of malignant causes of PND including Paget’s disease, ductal carcinoma in-situ and invasive carcinoma. MRI’s high negative predictive value of 87–98.2% is helpful in excluding malignant etiologies of PND.
A SOJA EM FACE DAS EMPRESAS RURAIS SUSTENTÁVEIS: O BALIZAMENTO AMBIENTAL CONSTITUCIONAL DAS ATIVIDADES ECONÔMICAS VINCULADAS À SOJA NO ÂMBITO DO DIREITO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Fiorillo Celso Antonio Pacheco , Vadell Lorenzo M. Bujosa
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o balizamento normativo das atividades econômicas vinculadas à soja no âmbito do sistema normativo brasileiro, com destaque para o que determina o direito ambiental constitucional, como principal produto exportado pelo Brasil e merecedor de grande destaque na atual economia de nosso País.Metodologia: A pesquisa foi estruturada bem como realizada a partir do método hermenêutico, por meio do levantamento dos trabalhos doutrinários elaborados por estudiosos especializados atuantes no âmbito da matéria investigada e da análise jurídica vinculada ao direito ambiental constitucional assim como das normas infraconstitucionais tudo com o objetivo de adequar de forma satisfatória o enquadramento do tema em face de nosso sistema jurídico em vigor.Resultados:  Ficou claramente demonstrado que, para as atividades econômicas subordinadas à soja serem desenvolvidas licitamente, suas  funções submetidas ao uso do referido recurso ambiental devem obrigatoriamente obedecer à legislação ambiental constitucional balizadora do tema.Contribuições: A principal contribuição deste estudo foi a de indicar que referidas atividades econômicas de grande relevância para a economia brasileira somente podem desenvolver licitamente seus negócios em face de sua necessária obediência ao nosso ordenamento jurídico ambiental em vigor, observando-se particularmente os regramentos específicos do direito ambiental constitucional (particularmente os arts. 225,225 § 1º, IV e 225, § 3º da CF) bem como os aspectos estruturais da causa geradora das obrigações ambientais (obrigações de fazer ou não fazer subordinadas aos princípios da prevenção e do poluidor pagador.
Δυσδκολίες και εμπόδια στη συμβουλευτική και την ψυχοθεραπεία ατόμων που ανήκουν σε πολιτισμικές και εθνικές μειονότητες
Authors: Κλεφτάρας Γιώργος
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Ψυχοκοινωνικοί παράγοντες, διαδικασία επιπολιτιμού και ψυχική υγεία σε οικονομικούς μετανάστες απο την Αλβανία και τη Βουλγαρία στην Ελλάδα
Authors: Σπανέα Ευφροσύνη , Καλαντζή-Αζίζι Αναστασία
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Η προσαρμογή στα Ελληνικά του ερωτηματολογίου έκφρασης του θυμού ως κατάστασης και ως χαρακτηριστικού προσωπικότητας (STAXI-2)
Authors: Μπεζεβέγκης Ηλίας , Ντάλλα Μαρίνα , Γκαρή Αικατερίνη , Χ. Καραδήμας Ευάγγελος
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Κοινωνικό κεφάλαιο και ψυχική υγεία σε μικρές αγροτικές "κοινότητες" στην Περιφέρεια Βορείου Αιγαίου: μεθοδολογία και περιγραφικά ευρήματα
Authors: Ζήση Αναστασία , Σκαπινάκης Πέτρος , Τσελώνη Μάχη , Σαββίδου Μαρία , Χίου Μιχαλίτσα
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Η αξιοπιστία και η εγκυρότητα στην αξιολόγηση της γραπτής έκφρασης από εκπαιδευτικούς
Authors: Κ. Δημάκος Ιωάννης
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Ανίχνευση Μαθησιακών Δυσκολιών από Εκπαιδευτικούς (ΑΜΔΕ): ψυχομετρική αξιολόγηση με τη Μέθοδο Rasch
Authors: Παντελιάδου Σουζάνα , Αντωνίου Φαίη , Δ. Σιδερίδης Γεώργιος
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Α αξιολόγηση της μνήμης σε άτομα μέσης - μεγάλης ηλικίας: προκαταρκτικά δεδομένα στάθμισης και κλινικές προεκτάσεις
Authors: Οικονόμου Αλεξάνδρα
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Prices and sold amount dynamics, endogenous knowledge and distribution of Picralima nitida (Stapf) T. Durand and H. Durand across in the Dahomey Gap and Guinea-Congolese regions
Authors: Akabassi Ghislain Comlan , Padonou Elie Antoine , Assogbajo Achille Ephrem , Zirihi Guede Noël
Published: February 2021

Picralima nitida (Apocynaceae) represents is an important African medicinal plant species. It is frequently used in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries for drugs manufacturing against infectious diseases, malaria and diabetes and commercially traded as well. Despite its importance, the species is becoming rare, especially in the Dahomey Gap because of it is commercial importance. There is an issue about the controversy of the plant species on its distribution across both regions. Without further forest resources inventory, it is difficult to address efficiently the issue of the controversy of its distribution, the unsustainable use and the endogenous knowledge about of plant species usages.

Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in the Dahomey Gap with 120 informants randomly selected and interviewed. A literature review of scientific papers and books was also used to provide information on the sale prices dynamic, amount sold per units, uses, distribution area using the GBIF Platform, and threats of the species in both climatic regions.   

 P. nitida products were more expensive (per sale unit) in the DG than the GC region. All parts of the species were collected and used to treat 34 diseases. The plant species appear to be poorly distributed in the DG than the GC region. The overuse, endogenous knowledge loss in DG and deforestation in GC region appeared the main driver of scarcity of the species.  

 P. nitida has various medicinal uses across both regions. The sale price and amount sold per unit tend all to vary across both regions as well. However, the plant species is becoming scarcer in the DG than CG region. The issue of resource scarcity may drive loss of endogenous knowledge about the plant species uses. A forest inventory and documentation of uses are highly needed to assess the exact density and distribution area of P.nitida across both regions
Patient-centered benefit-risk analysis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Marsh Kevin , Hawken Natalia , Brookes Ella , Kuehn Carrie , Liden Barry
Published: February 2021

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) treatments include surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Choosing between SAVR and TAVR requires patients to trade-off  benefits and risks. The objective of this research was to determine which  TAVR and SAVR outcomes patients consider important, collect quantitative data about how patients weigh benefits and risks, and evaluate patients’ preferences for SAVR or TAVR.

Methods: Patients  were recruited from advocacy organization databases. Patients self-reported as being diagnosed with AS, and as either having received AS treatment or as experiencing AS-related physical activity limitations. An online adapted swing weighting (ASW) method – a pairwise comparison of attributes – was used to elicit attribute trade-offs from 219 patients. Survey data were used to estimate patients’ weights for AS treatment attributes, which were incorporated into a quantitative benefit-risk analysis (BRA) to evaluate patients’ preferences for TAVR and SAVR.

Results: On average, patients put greater value on attributes that favored TAVR than SAVR. Patients’ valuation of the lower mortality rate, reduced procedural invasiveness, and quicker time to return to normal quality of life associated with TAVR, offset their valuation of the time over which SAVR has been proven to work. There was substantial heterogeneity in patients’ preferences. This was partly explained by age, with differences in preference observed between patients <60 years to those ≥60 years. A Monte Carlo Simulation found that 79.5% of patients prefer TAVR.

Conclusions: Most AS patients are willing to tolerate sizable increases in clinical risk in exchange for the benefits of TAVR, resulting in a large proportion of patients preferring TAVR to SAVR. Further work should be undertaken to characterize the heterogeneity in preferences for AS treatment attributes. Shared decision-making tools based on attributes important to patients can support patients’ selection of the procedure that best meets their needs.
Digital screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic: a public health concern
Authors: Sultana Abida , Tasnim Samia , Hossain Md Mahbub , Bhattacharya Sudip , Purohit Neetu
Published: February 2021

Due to the restrictions imposed to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, different population groups have adapted to varying screen time levels, which may have profound implications on their physical and mental wellbeing. Several empirical studies included in this review reported a sudden upward change in screen time across different population groups. A higher number of people with increased screen time compared to their pre-pandemic state and prolonged duration of total screen time substantiates such assertions. The available evidence suggests that screen time is associated with obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, myopia, depression, sleep disorders, and several non-communicable diseases. This elevated burden of diseases is more prevalent among individuals who have sedentary lifestyles and other unhealthy behaviors that are likely to increase during quarantine or isolation due to COVID-19. Hence, it is critical to assess the adverse health outcomes that may appear as long-term consequences of such behavior. Researchers and practitioners need to revisit the available guidelines and incorporate evidence-based interventions for preventing unhealthy screen time among the affected individuals. Such interventions may address harmful behaviors associated with screen time and promote active lifestyles that may improve health across populations during and after this pandemic.
Analysis of the relationship between the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sirman Ya. V. , Savytskyi I. V.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study: analysis of changes in the development of hypoxia and endothelial dysfunction in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Our results indicate endothelial dysfunction and dysfunction of nitric oxide synthesis on the 30th day of development of experimental diabetic retinopathy. An increase in the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the 2nd group (p <0.001) in the first stage of the experiment with further progression of pathological changes on the 60th and 180th day of the study. The development of the inflammatory process in experimental diabetic retinopathy has been revealed and its relationship with the increase in the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase has been confirmed. The most pronounced increase in the studied cytokine was detected in the 3rd stage of the experiment (p <0,001).
Experimental rationale and clinical use of radiowave energy, anti-adhesion drugs, placenta cryoextract, range of physiotherapy measures and assisted reproductive technology in the restoration of reproductive function of patients who underwent operative in
Authors: Kozub M. M.
Published: February 2021

The aim: to increase the effectiveness of reproductive health restoration in women with progressive tubal pregnancy and develop new approaches to improving methods of restoring reproductive function in patients using endoscopy, anti-adhesive drugs, placental cryoextract, physiotherapy and ART. To substantiate the use of radio wave energy, anti-adhesive drugs, placental cryoextract, an experiment was performed on 196 mature female Wistar rats and 90 BALB / s mice. An analysis of clinical observations of 518 women. The control group included 60 healthy women, 458 patients with tubal pregnancy were divided into 2nd (152 patients), 3rd (154 patients) and 4th (152 patients) clinical groups in which different methods of treatment and rehabilitation of reproductive function were used.It was proved that the use in the 2 clinical group patients PEO with CMC, streptodornase with streptokinase reduced the occurrence of adhesion at 1.6 times, use in patients 3 of the clinical group PEO with CMC, streptodornase with streptokinase and placenta cryoextract led to decrease occurrence of adhesions 2.2 times (p <0.05), use in the 4th clinical group patients sodium hyaluronate, streptodornase with streptokinase and placenta cryoextract helped to reduce the occurence of adhesions by 2.6 times (p < 0.05) compared with the detected intraoperativly adhesion process. The inclusion of ART methods in the treatment of patients who did not become pregnant contributed to the onset of uterine pregnancy in 64.9 - 75.7% of the patients under examination.
Special physical training of acrobats taking into account the requirements of the selected amploice (on the example of the bottom partners)
Authors: Denisenko Vladislava
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of introducing the program of special physical training of bottom acrobats into the training process, taking into account the requirements of the chosen position at the stage of preliminary basic training. The data obtained showed that the use of this program allows bottom acrobats to more successfully and qualitatively master the necessary skills of pair work, and also increases the response of partners as a system of bodies, which is confirmed by stabilographic studies.
Remote training of medical students: advantages and disadantages
Authors: Petryshen O. I. , Hrytsiuk M. I. , Chornenka Zh. A. , Halysh I. V.
Published: February 2021

Modern medical education, its quality requires the use of innovative transformations in training technology. The use of modern information technologies allows us to transfer the learning process to a qualitatively higher level. As a result, traditional education is reoriented to a fundamentally new level, where the student’s role changes: he becomes an active participant in the educational process.
Formation of the main directions of professional culture of future bachelors of motor transport
Authors: Hevko Ihor Vasilievich
Published: February 2021

In the presented materials of the publication an attempt is made to substantiate the peculiarities of the formation of the professional culture of future bachelors of road transport. The most effective educational components of their professional training are analyzed. Relevant recommendations for improving the organization of the educational process on the basis of credit transfer technology are offered.
The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of experimental peritonitis
Authors: Savytskyi I. V. , Znamerovsky S. G. , Dzygal O. F. , Moiseieva G. , Yermuraki P.
Published: February 2021

In the first hour simulated fecal peritonitis development in the rats blood revealed an increase in the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde (p <0.001 compared with the results of intact animals. In second stage was detected more pronounced increase in the level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation (p <0.001) as compared with the data of the same hole in the first stage, and compared with the results of group No. 1). On the 3rd day of simulated peritonitis development in rats there is a marked deterioration of the animal condition, which was manifested in lipid peroxidation progression: the diene conjugates level increased at the level of significance p <0,001, and the level of malondialdehyde compared to p <0,05 data from the previous stage of the same group.
Pathological changes in mucous membrane and microcirculatory bed vessels of rats oral cavity at modeling of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rozhko P. D. , Gargin V. V.
Published: February 2021

At experimental modeling of diabetes mellitus type II in rats, ischemic and dystrophic processes develop in periodontal tissues. It leads to emergence of destructive-inflammatory processes in animals and one of their pathogenic factors is apoptosis activation and compensatory activation of angiogenesis as evidenced by 1.81 times increase of monoclone BAX and 2.89 times increase of VEGF. The pathological processes mentioned should be taken into account in the development of therapeutic and prophylactic complexes of accompanying orthopedic treatment for diabetes mellitus patients.
Retrospective analysis of antipsychotic prescription models in correlation with symptoms of residual schizophrenia. Part 1
Authors: Safonov D. N.
Published: February 2021

Relevance. The therapeutic models of antipsychotic prescription in residual schizophrenia in highly dependent on various context factors, major – relevant treatment guidelines, local drug legal and registration status, local availability etc. and minor – psychiatrist personal experience, patients individual response and comorbid pathology profile etc. therefore it’s almost impossible to track down links between specific treatment model, possible NIDS manifestations or protective antipsychotic effects on negative symptoms in real clinical environment. Nevertheless finding the correlations between specific antipsychotic prescriptions and residual schizophrenia symptoms could highlight possible influence of some antipsychotics on specific symptoms in long term perspective.Aim – to evaluate correlations between antipsychotic prescription models and negative symptoms profile in patients with residual schizophrenia.Materials and methods. A study was performed on 60 case histories of patients of Zaporozhye Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital who were treated as inpatients with diagnosis of recurrent schizophrenia (ICD-10:F20.5) in time period from 2010 to 2020.Results. In the first section of a study we gathered clinical data on intensity of main positive and negative recurrent schizophrenia symptoms using as a clinical tools PSS and NSS subscales of PANSS. On the second section our study reveled pool of most common prescribed antipsychotics which are: chlorpromazine, haloperidol, trifluoperazine, clozapine, levomepromazine, chlorprothixene, quetiapine, risperidone, thioridazine, fluphenazine, amisulpride, zuclopenthixol and their various combinations. The third study section was dedicated to analysis of correlations between particular PSS and NSS categories and antipsychotic course experience.Conclusions. Study have found frequency and correlations of most common antipsychotic prescribed in inpatients with residual schizophrenia in time period between 2010 and 2020. The most frequently chlorpromazine, haloperidol, trifluoperazine, clozapine, chlorprothixene, risperidone and zuclopenthixol and its combinations were prescribed. The concept of “antipsychotic course experience was introduced. Chlorpromazine and haloperidol or risperidone and  haloperidol are frequently prescribed as combination, while  clozapine and chlorprothixene, chlorpromazine and chlorprothixene, haloperidol and trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine have low probability of combined prescription. Positive and negative symptoms of residual schizophrenia correlations with specific antipsychotic course experience were established.
The role of sorbents and probiotics in the prevention of structural-morphological disorders in mice with dysbiosis on the background of virus-bacterial infection
Authors: Bobyr V. V. , Nazarchuk O. A.
Published: February 2021

Interest in the study of probiotics has grown significantly in recent years. One of the reasons for such increased attention to this problem is the results of numerous experimental studies, which show the important role of individual representatives of the normal microbiota in the aetiology and pathogenesis of many infections and even somatic human diseases. However, the violation of microbial ecology, as a rule, is accompanied by pollution of the internal environment of the body with toxic compounds of both exogenous and endogenous nature, so enterosorbents are among main approaches of improving the normal microbiota.The experiments allowed to establish a pronounced hepatoprotective function of the sorbent “Smektovit”, which is manifested by a decrease in destructive changes that accompany the process of modelling viral and bacterial infections on the background of dysbiosis. In addition, the results of the presented studies showed the ability of probiotic “multiprobiotic Symbiter®” and sorbent “Smectovit” to reduce deep cytodestructive messages in the simulation of viral and bacterial infections at the rate of dysbiosis and normalization of immune responses, as they accompany such processes. At the same time, it is noted that the preventive effect of probiotics is more pronounced in the intestine, and sorbents – in the liver.
Acromegaly - dealing with an uncooperative patient
Authors: Obel Michał , Mazurek Ewelina , Kuś Adrian , Szypłowska Małgorzata , Gorecka Adrianna , Zaremba Bartłomiej
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Acromegaly is a chronic disease resulting from increased secretion of growth hormone. The main reason of elevated GH concentration is pituitary adenoma that originates from somatotropic cells. As a consequence, several changes in the organism appear such as progressive deformation of the skeleton with enlargement of the skull, hands and feet, growth of soft tissues, bones and internal organs as well as many other systemic complications which are responsible for increased mortality in untreated patients. Case report: A 60-year-old patient was diagnosed with acromegaly due to the pituitary macroadenoma and associated hypopituitarism in the thyroid and gonadotropic axis 4 years ago. The disease was suspected in April 2016 by a rheumatologist, and then confirmed on the basis of hormonal tests in the Endocrinology Clinic (IGF1 - 754.7 ng/ml, N: 77-224; GH - 2.51 ng/ml, no inhibition in OGTT). The imaging examination revealed a pituitary macroadenoma with dimensions of 17x15x19 mm. The medical history revealed the characteristic symptoms of acromegaly like enlargement and deformation of the fingers, enlarged nose, excessive sweating and headaches for the last 12 years. There have been several studies investigating the complications of acromegaly that found abnormalities in the cardiovascular system, metabolic disorders (dyslipidemia, abnormal fasting glycaemia), arthropathies, sigmoid polyps and nodular goiter. Due to the patient's lack of consent to the surgical intervention, treatment with a somatostatin analogue was introduced. During 2-year therapy, the normalization of IGF-1 concentration was not achieved. In October 2018 patient completely abandoned therapy with somatostatin analogue. In 2019 the lack of control of acromegaly was confirmed. During hospitalization in 2020 the uncontrolled acromegaly was stated once again. The patient still does not consent to the surgical procedure to remove pituitary macroadenoma, however, he agreed for systematic re-treatment with a somatostatin analogue. Conclusions: Isolated pharmacological treatment doesn’t always allow for sufficient control of an illness. Effective treatment of acromegaly should consist of surgery as well as conservative treatment. The introductinon of both 2nd generation analogues and GH receptor antagonists in therapeutic programs makes effective pharmacological treatment possible.
Studying fatty acid content in red blood cell membranes in diabetic retinopathy of type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Bykhovets Mykhailo
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Studying pathogenetic pathways that are formed under conditions of hyperglycaemia and trigger further metabolic changes resulting in diabetes complications over time are of special interest both in theoretical and practical medicine. Membrane of the red blood cell that stays in blood constantly and relatively durable is an obvious participant of all metabolic changes and cannot but reflect changes in metabolism. Objective: to study content of fatty acids (FAs) in red blood cell membranes of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and methods. The study enrolled 73 subjects maximally matched by age and gender: 50 patients with established long-lasting T2D complicated with DR and 23 patients in the control group. All the biochemical tests were performed at the certified laboratory under the standard methods. Gas chromatography was applied to study FA spectrum. Statistical analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results and discussion. The key difference between the lipid metabolism of patients with complicated long-lasting T2D and healthy subjects was a significant difference in FA content redistribution in the red blood cell membranes represented by increased “saturation”. The content of saturated FAs (SAFAs)in patients with DR was higher than in the CG: 1.5-fold for palmitic (С:16), 2-fold for myristic(С:14), pentadecanoic (С:15) and margaric (С:17) (Р < 0.05). The content of saturated stearic (С:18) FA was not changed significantly.The content of unsaturated FAs(USFAs) have changed multidirectionally: the content of linoleic (С18:2) and arachidonic (С20:4) decreased 1.5-1.7-fold, respectively. The content of linolenic (С18:3) increased 2-fold, and content of oleic FA (С18:1) was not changed significantly. Conclusion. Study of the fluctuations of FA levels in red blood cell membranesplays animportant role in the development of insulin resistance, T2D and its microvascular complicationsthat can be applied in creating treatment and prevention strategies ofDRin type 2 diabetes patients.
Characteristics of Anxiety Manifestations and Hormonal Profile of Women with Threatened Interruption of Pregnancy, Living in Lugansk Region
Authors: Romanenko I. Yu.
Published: February 2021

The threatened interruption of pregnancy (TIP) is the most common pregnancy complication that occurs in 15-20% of cases of ongoing pregnancy. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence and severity of anxiety, the hormonal profile of in pregnant women with threatened interruption of pregnancy in the I and II trimesters, living in the Lugansk region in the area of armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine, to improve treatment and prophylactic measures and prevent obstetric and perinatal complications in such women. Material and methods. The study included 67 pregnant women who were hospitalized regarding TIP to the hospitals, located in the Lugansk region (group I). The control group consisted of 30 pregnant women with non-complicated obstetric anamnesis and physiological course of pregnancy with similar gestational period of pregnancy and place of residence (group II). Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess the level of anxiety, quantitative assessment of concentration of estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, cortisol in blood plasma was determined. Results and discussion. Prevalence of anxiety disorders among pregnant women with TIP living in the armed conflict area was in 2.4 times more often than healthy pregnant women and made up 68,60%. They have significantly higher levels of state and trait anxiety; a positive correlation between the level of state anxiety and concentrations of cortisol, prolactin were found. Conclusions. Antenatal study of levels of anxiety, hormonal homeostasis in pregnant women with TIP living in the armed conflict area allowed to individualize the approach to the management of pregnancy and if needed to timely develop rehabilitating activities, that will contribute to a successful outcome of the pregnancy and affect the health of the mother and her offspring.
Dynamics of C-reactive protein in conditions of substance P block
Authors: Shevchenko O. M. , Sych V. O.
Published: February 2021

With the aim to determine the features of the concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood in carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation on the background of blockade of substance P an experimental prospective controlled randomized study was performed on 132 WAG rats in series of 6 rats each in the natural course and using a pharmacological aprepitant praparation – inhibitor of NK-1R in the control and simulated inflammation series for 6 hours, as well as 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 days. the peculiarities of the concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood in carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation on the background of blockade of substance P have been developed.
Peculiarities of physical and sexual development of girls with autoimmune hepatitis in puberty period
Authors: Chaykivska E. F.
Published: February 2021

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare immune-mediated chronic disease that, when inadequately treated, leads to progressive liver damage, which in turn leads to cirrhosis, liver failure, or death. Features of physical and sexual development of girls with AIH at puberty are little studied. The objective: to determine the characteristics of physical and sexual development of girls with autoimmune hepatitis in puberty period. Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and paraclinical examination of 66 adolescent girls of the group AIH with autoimmune hepatitis and 180 conditionally somatically healthy girls of the control group aged 12-17 years was performed. The examination included clinical and anamnestic data, anthropometry, biochemical examination of liver function, determination of serum autoantibodies, markers of viral hepatitis, ultrasound and elastography of the hepatobiliary system, liver biopsy followed by histological examination of biopsy, assessment. Results. Age-related changes in body length and body weight, chest circumference, waist and hips among girls with AIH were characterized by a significant lag at all stages of pubertal development. In patients with AIH, the onset of pubertal development was manifested by the development of mammary glands to the stage of Mal in 43.94% of girls, the previous appearance of puberty to thelarchein 34.85% of patients, and in 21.21% of patients noted simultaneous puberty and thelarche. Delayed development of sexual characteristics was manifested in 12-, 13- 14-, 15-, 16- and 17-year-old girls with AIH by a decrease in the score of sexual development in all age categories compared to the same indicator in the respective age control groups: respectively 3.21 ± 0.40 vs 4.94 ± 0.37 points, 3.46 ± 1.00 vs 7.91 ± 0.58, 7.03 ± 1.44 vs 11.08 ± 0.25, 7.80 ± 0, 65 vs 11.86, 10.65 ± 0.79 vs 11.98. In the examined girls with AIH during puberty, such disorders of menstrual function were noted as: primary amenorrhea in 7.58% of cases, secondary amenorrhea – in 6.06%, oligomenorrhea – in 27.27%, opsomenorrhea– in 27.27%, juvenile uterine bleeding – in 9.09%, dysmenorrhea – in 31.82%, a combination of various disorders – in 18.18%. Conclusions. The presence of antinuclear antibodies, antibodies to microsomes of the liver and kidneys type 1, antibodies to smooth muscle, disorders of enzymatic, protein-forming, antitoxic, cytolytic activity of the liver in girls with autoimmune hepatitis is accompanied during puberty by a high frequency of abnormalities. formation of inverted puberty, delayed sexual development and delayed onset of menarche for 10-11 months, frequent menstrual disorders.
The white blood cell count (WBC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NRL) in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vivchar R. Ya. , Akimova V. M. , Lapovets L. Ye. , Lapovets N. Ye.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the main chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system that causes functional disability in people. Assessment of the state of the immune system begins with an analysis of the total number of blood leukocytes and their population composition (the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes). The ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes (NRL) is a marker of inflammation.The aim of the study. The aim of this study was to investigate the WBC and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with different forms of MS.  Results. In patients with MS in 23.5% of cases the WBC is higher than 9×109/L. In 5.9% of МS cases leukopenia is observed, and in the vast majority of cases (70, 6%) the level of blood leukocytes was in the range of 4-9×109/L. Leukopenia and leukocytosis are more common in women than in men (p<0.05). Leukocytosis and leukopenia are most often found in RRMS form, while in the SPMS form patients in 93.8 % of cases the normal level of leukocytes found. MS's patients had a significantly higher NLR (p < 0.05) than the control group. No significant difference in WBC and NLR was found between groups of MS clinical forms. No association was found between NLR and an age and sex.Conclusions. NRL is an inexpensive and affordable indicator, which is determined by the automatic determination of the total number of leukocytes in the blood. It can be an additional informative indicator of inflammation against the background of normal leukocyte levels.
Laboratory criteria for the persistence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Urina M. , Palamarchuk V. , Tovkai O. , Kuts V. , Yuzvenko T.
Published: February 2021

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a complication of chronic kidney disease in both the non-dialysis and dialysis stages. Even modern advances in drug therapy cannot change the fact that most CKD patients require surgical treatment. The purpose of the treatment of SHPT is to normalize mineral metabolism, prevent bone diseases and prevent extraosseous manifestations. One of the methods of surgical treatment is subtotal parathyroidectomy. Persistence or recurrence of the disease occurs in 5-30% of cases.Purpose of the study. To determine laboratory criteria for the persistence of SHPT in patients with chronic kidney disease on the second day after parathyroidectomy.Materials and methods. The study involved 118 patients with end-stage CKD with prolonged renal replacement therapy. All patients had clinical and laboratory signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism. In the period from 2009 to 2019, patients underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy. The patients were divided into two groups. This division was based on the presence of persistence or recurrence of the disease. The main group included 20 patients with laboratory signs of SHPT persistence; the comparison group included 98 patients without signs of disease’s persistence.Results. Analysis of changes in laboratory parameters in patients with persistence and in patients without signs of disease’s persistence revealed certain differences in their postoperative level. In all 118 cases, there was a significant decrease in PTH in the postoperative period - from 31.5 to 99.6%. Using ROC-analysis, a study was carried out of the possibility of using the degree of PTH reduction as a predictor of the persistent course of SHPT and the optimal cut-off thresholds were established. A decrease in the postoperative level of PTH by 90.9% or more indicates an effective PTE. The maximum value of the test specificity (1.000 (0.968; 1.000)) is achieved when the PTH reduction is 76.0%. At the same time, the maximum value - 1.000 (0.968; 1.000) - reaches the predictive value of a positive test result.Conclusions. Using the subtotal parathyroidectomy in our study, the persistent of SHPT occurred in 16.9% of cases. A decrease in PTH levels on the second day after surgery less than 76% comparatively to the preoperative level should be considered as a predictor of the development of disease persistence. A reduction in PTH of more than 90.9% may be an indication of sustained remission.
Endothelium-dependent mechanisms of nephroprotective effect of renin-angiotensin system modulators in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Kulynych R. L. , Glavatskiy O. M. , Sychov R. O. , Kulynych O. V. , Svystun S. I.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. It has been shown that essential hypertension (EH) is one of the main causes of end-stage renal failure in 10-30% of patients on programmed hemodialysis. At the same time, according to some clinical studies, it was shown that the most widely used drugs (diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel antagonists, etc.) effectively reduce high blood pressure (BP), are able to prevent the development of myocardial infarction and cerebral catastrophes, however, do not have a sufficient nephroprotective effect.The aim of the study is to identify the nephroprotective efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists in patients with EH.Materials and methods of research. To achieve this goal, 40 patients with stage I-II EH with a level of I-III degree of arterial hypertension at the age of 34 to 63 years (mean age 45.8±1.14 years) were examined, without adequate systematic antihypertensive therapy, in which, as a result of a complex clinical-anamnestic and instrumental-laboratory research, there were no data which can indicate on the presence of manifest hypertensive nephropathy and other clinically significant expressed signs of chronic kidney diseases.Research results. Evaluation of the obtained results showed that patients of both groups had a significant antihypertensive effect: the decrease in systolic BP and diastolic BP at the end of the course of therapy in patients of group 1 was 18.24% and 15.67%, in the group 2 was 17.32% and 15.44 %, respectively. The dynamics of urinary albumin excretion at the end of the course of therapy was also found to be reliable in comparison with the primary data: in the treatment with enalapril the level of albuminuria decreased by 25.13%, excretion of β2-microglobulin decreased by 18.82%. In group 2, the decrease in these indicators was 16.34% and 17.46%, respectively (p <0.05). It should be noted a statistically significant decrease in glomerular permeability index, an indirect marker of intraglomerular hypertension: for patients in group 1 by 19.14%, for patients in group 2 by 14.12%, respectively. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment on the functional state of the kidneys in the examined patients with EH showed that in 19 patients (82.61%) of the 1st group and in 15 patients (68.18%) of the 2nd group, therapy was regarded as effective.Conclusions. Therapy with enalapril and irbesartan has a significant antihypertensive and nephroprotective effect. Evaluation of indicators characterizing the functional state of the kidneys in patients with essential hypertension during therapy indicates that enalapril has a more pronounced nephroprotective effect in comparison with irbesartan. The effectiveness and rationality of nephroprotective therapy is largely determined by the positive dynamics in the reserve capacity of the kidneys and in the restoration of the functioning of the vascular endothelium.
The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in skin in the development of experimental contact dermatitis
Authors: Regeda-Furdychko M. M.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of work to study the conditions of prooxidant andantioxidant system in the skin of guinea pigs in different periods of contact dermatitis formation.Materials and methods. Researches were conducted on guinea pigs, divided into five groups: I - control, II – 4th day of expirement, III – 8th day of contact dermatitis development, IV – 10th day and V - 18 th day of model process. Early period included groups of animals on the 4th and 8th days of experiment. The late one – guinea pigs on the 10th and 18th days of contact dermatitis. Experimental contact dermatitis was simulated by method of Volkovoj V. A. (2010). Condition of free radical lipid oxidization in the skin was determined on maintenance content of malonic dialdehyde by method of Corobeynikov E. G. (1989) and diene conjugates by method of Gavrylov V. G., Myshkorudna M. I. (1989). The degree of activity of antioxidant defence was estimated on maintenance enzymes - superoxidedismutase by method of R. Fried (1975), catalase by the method of B. Holmes, C. Masters (1970), glutationperoxidase method of Arkhipova O. G. (1988) and glutationreductase method of Moina V. M. (1986).Results and discussion. Gradual increasing of lipid peroxydations products - malonic dialdehyde, diene conjugate had been determined on the 4th, 8th, 10th and 18th days of experimental contact dermatitis development in this research. Primary increasing of the indices of superoxidedismutase, glutationreductase, glutationperoxidase and catalase has been investigated in the skin on the 4th day with the following decreasing of these enzymes from the 8th day of experiment. It testified about imbalance in antioxidant and prooxydant systems, especially on the 10th and 18th days of the study, which exacerbates the inflammatory process in the skin and also triggers a cascade of other mechanisms of damage.
Suzuki Method in the training prospective specialists in preschool education
Authors: Yankovych Oleksandra Ivanivna
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of the research on the use of the Suzuki Method and the technology of forming musical and creative abilities of preschool children in the People’s Republic ofChinaby means of the Suzuki Method (author Sun Jingqiu) in training prospective kindergarten teachers at higher education institutions ofUkraine. Promising ways of using this technology in educational process have been revealed: its comprehensive analysis during studying pedagogical and music-pedagogical subjects; the use of the Suzuki Method as a component of the technology “Organization of successful activities”.