bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students’ views on database management systems course designed according to problem-based learning
Authors: Uzun Adem , Onur Ahmet , Alabay Sercan
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to design a learning environment supported by a problem-based learning method and to obtain students' views on this process. In this context, the Database Management Systems course was taught according to the problem-based learning method. The participants of the study consisted of 25 students from the 2nd-grade students studying in the Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology in the spring semester of 2015 at Uludag University Faculty of Education. The research design of this study was the case study, which is one of the qualitative research designs. Data were obtained from the students via a semi-structured interview form. Descriptive analysis was applied to the data obtained from the interview. According to the results obtained from the analysis of the data, the students were generally satisfied with the problem-based learning practices. In addition, the students emphasized that it is important to have a sufficient level of necessary knowledge of the implementation of problem-based learning to design the classroom environment.
Quality of school life in Turkey, Finland and South Korea
Authors: Elitok Kesici Ayşe , Ceylan Veysel Karani
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to compare the major studies conducted on the quality of school life in Turkey, Finland and South Korea. The study focuses on which dimensions of quality of school life research in these three countries were examined, their participants, school levels and research methods. This research is in the literature review model. In this context, data were obtained by scanning the related books, theses and articles. In the research, document analysis technique of qualitative research method was used to collect data. Based on the research findings, it is seen that research studies have been conducted in Finland to establish the theoretical framework for conceptualization of the subject. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods were used in research studies conducted in South Korea. In the research conducted in three countries, the concept of self, bullying, implicit program, gender, socio-economic level, classmate, teacher and family support, self-efficacy, music, living environment, self and teacher-learner relationship have been determined to affect quality of school life. In the research studies conducted in Turkey, levels of quality of school life were detected, whereas in the research studies conducted in South Korea, the importance of traditional values of Confucius doctrine were focused on.
Undergraduate business education students’ perception on information and communication technology use in teaching and learning
Authors: Osadebe Patrick Uzo , Osadebe Joyce Frances
Published: June 2020

The study was carried out to assess the undergraduate Business Education Students’ Perception on the use of Information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching and learning in the University. Thus, to achieve the purpose, two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. A sample of 100 students was randomly drawn using balloting and proportionate stratified random sampling techniques. A questionnaire of 4-point scale was used to collect data. It has face validity determined through expert judgement, and construct validity verified through factor analysis. The reliability of the instrument was obtained through Cronbach Alpha. A reliability coefficient of 0.82 was obtained as a measure of internal consistency. The data collected were analyzed with mean and Z-test. Mean was used to answer the research questions while Z-test was used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that there was high perception of students to use ICT in teaching and learning in the university. There was no significant difference between male and female students as well as 300 level and 400 level students on the use of ICT in teaching and learning. Therefore, it was recommended that ICT should be used in teaching and learning Business Education in the University.
Work-related stress and performance among primary school teachers
Authors: Asaloei Sandra Ingried , Wolomasi Agustinus Kia , Werang Basilius Redan
Published: June 2020

Stress influences teachers’ performance and school effectiveness alike. The main objective of this study is to describe work-related stress and its eventual relationship with job performance of teachers working in primary schools of Boven Digoel district, Indonesia. To attain this objective, a survey study was employed by utilizing two survey questionnaires. Research data derived from a total of 352 primary school teachers who were incidentally established as samples. Data were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. Result of data analysis shows a significant negative correlation between the work-related stress and job performance of teachers working in the primary schools of Boven Digoel district.
IDAE framework: A guide for establishing industry-driven academic programs
Authors: Omorog Challiz De Lima
Published: June 2020

An empirical study using descriptive-quantitative methods was conducted to investigate this hypothesis and examine the appropriateness of the framework components on the potential offering of an academic program at Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges (CSPC). The Identify, Determine, Assess and Establish (IDAE) model provided strategies and results essential for institutional decision-making. The model also proposes that if at least one of the components- I-D-A were not satisfied, the last component- E should not be pursued. Simply put, the academic program should not be instituted. However, further research is encouraged to support these arguments.
Knowledge and attitude about risky pregnancy among student
Authors: Ayu Suci Musvita , Lindawati S. , Halimatusa’diyah Thoharoh
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted examine the effect of counseling on the increasing knowledge and attitudes about risky pregnancies at Muhammadiyah 1 Vocational High School in Wonosobo, Indonesia. This research was quasi-experimental research employed quasi experiment design with one group pretest-post-test design. Measurements were made before and after treatment, by doing a pre-test and post-test. Sample sie in this study was 108 students. The instrument in this study is the questionnaire. The results of the knowledge variable showed a significant value 0.003. There is an effect of reproductive health counseling on increasing knowledge and attitudes about risky.
Social aspects role and the behavior of drinking water among students in a private university
Authors: Djannah Sitti Nur , Matahari Ratu
Published: June 2020

Lack of consuming drink water can cause many effects on the body. The long term effects of less consuming water dangerous for health. The diseases related to the less consuming water are respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal disease, urinary infections, cancer, diabetic, kidney disease, and also others metabolic disorders. Those diseases affected to the financial burden due to this situation. It happens because of some factors, many studies mentioned about the behavior of drinking water among adolescents in school affected by some sociodemographic and behavioral factors. This study shows that most of respondents have a bad habit to keep their health kidney it is evident that the majority of respondents have urine color that tends to concentrated which is categorized as unhealthy urine. The limitation of the study was not measure the amount of drink water consuming for each respondents per day.
Inclusive education services for the blind: Values, roles, and challenges of university EFL teachers
Authors: Lintangsari Alies Poetri , Emaliana Ive
Published: June 2020

Implementing inclusive education, the process of providing all learners with equal educational opportunities, is a major challenge for many educational systems worldwide, for it requires changes to values, system, and practices. In the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) in university, teachers are expected to be able to select, transform, or augment Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and Differentiated Instruction (DI) as a framework to guarantee accessibility of all learner types to the learning environment by employing specific educational design guidelines, to fit their leaners', notably for the blinds. Data on what has led EFL teachers to join the reform of the teaching instruction and how they tackle problems during implementation cannot be located. Thus, the aim of this qualitative study is to uncover reasons for EFL teachers to participate in and what they did to facilitate the instruction wide effort to practice inclusive education, as well as challenges encountered. Key findings included implementing university policy as prime reasons for practicing inclusive education, utilizing UDL and DI as the key to successful implementation for instructional teaching, and inadequate resources and teacher training as the main challenges. Recommendations consists of providing disability-specific pre- and in- service training programs for teachers and making arrangements of sufficient educational materials and assessment based on UDL and DI towards EFL instructions.
Students’ opinions about teaching of the controversial topics in the social studies classes
Authors: Uygun Kamil , Arslan Ibrahim Ethem
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to determine middle school 7th grade students’ opinions on controversial issues. In the research, screening model and quantitative research method has been used. The sample of the study consists of 7th graders from 5 public schools located on the center of Demirci district of Manisa province. The 5-point Likert-type questionnaire prepared with 20 items has been applied to 203 students. The data has been put into the statistical program and analyzed. By determining means, deviations and frequencies of all items in the survey, it has been tabulated and interpreted separately. “Mann Whitney U” and Kruskal Wallis H” tests have been used to find out whether the students' opinions about which subjects can be discussed in the classroom, shows significant difference according to various variables or not. Interpretation of the results has been done by the significance level of 0,5. According to the findings of the research, the topics that the students want to discuss the most in the classroom respectively are human rights, multiculturalism, election system, animal rights and freedom of the press. The topics that the students do not want to discuss in the classroom are terror and violence. When the results of the research has been examined according to various variables; Significant differences has been seen in different items, such as; The Gender (Military System, Religious Communities, Fanaticism and Cloning), Reading Books (TV Broadcasts), The Education of Father (Religious Communities, Multiculturalism), The Education of Mother (Military System, Religious Communities and Cloning), Father’s Profession (Religious Communities, Fanaticism, Internet and Elections System), Mother's Profession (Religious Communities) and Family Income Status (Internet).
Dimensionality assessment of binary response test items: A non-parametric approach of bayesian item response theory measurement
Authors: Ayanwale Musa Adekunle , Isaac-oloniyo Flourish O. , Abayomi Funmilayo Rebecca
Published: June 2020

This study investigated dimensionality of Binary Response Items through a non-parametric technique of Item Response Theory measurement framework. The study used causal comparative research type of non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 5,076 public senior secondary school examinees (SSS3) between the age of 14-16 years from 45 schools, which were drawn randomly from three senatorial districts of Osun State, Nigeria. Instrument used for this study was 2018 Osun State unified multiple-choice mathematics achievement test items with empirical reliability coefficient of 0.82. Data obtained were analysed using Non-linear factor analysis, Stout’s Test of Essential Unidimensionality (STEU), Factor Analysis (FA), Full Information Factor Analysis (FIFA) and Bootstrap Modified Parallel Analysis Test (BMPAT). Results showed that both the BMPAT and STEU ascertained violation of unidimensionality assumption of the test items (the observed difference in the second eigenvalue of the observed data and that of second eigenvalue of the simulated data was statistically significant, p = 0.0099; Stout’s test rejected the assumption of essential unidimensionality, T = 10.6260, p<0.05). Non-linear factor analysis and full information factor analysis revealed that four dimensions embedded in the test items and loadings of the items showed within-item multidimensionality respectively. The authors’ concluded that modeling examinees’ performance with unidimensional model when it was actually multidimensional in nature would affect performance of examinees adversely and could lead to blur judgment. Consequently, it is recommended that unidimensional scoring method of Osun State unified mathematics achievement test implicit in Classical Test Theory should be jettisoned and an appropriate scoring model (multidimensional) should be embraced.
Stationenlernen learning techniques and German language learning outcomes
Authors: Litualy Samuel Jusuf , Serpara Henderika
Published: June 2020

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with the aim of obtaining a clear picture of the presence of influence of the application of Stationenlernen learning techniques to the learning outcomes of German students. The study population was all of these students, while the selected sample was 11th grade students. Data collection techniques used in this study are: (1) observation and interviews, (2) the implementation of pre-test (3) the implementation of experiments, and (4) the implementation of post-test, the data obtained are calculated and analyzed using SPSS -18 to obtain accurate and reliable calculation results. Learning outcomes with Stationenlernen learning techniques turn out to be higher than without it.
Problem based learning: Students’ mental models on water conductivity concept
Authors: Batlolona John Rafafy , Souisa Haryo Franky
Published: June 2020

This paper tells about the mental model of prospective scholars on the topic of temperature and heat. The purpose of this research is to improve students’ mental model by using problem based learning (PBL) model. The number of samples in the study amounted to 72 students with two different classes. The results of the study showed that, (1) the improvement of mental model that studied with PBL was higher than that studied with conventional learning. (2) high-skilled student mental models that are learning with PBL are higher than those studied by conventional learning. (3) low-skilled student mental models that study with PBL are higher than students learning with conventional learning. The conclusion of this study is the improvement of students' mental models using PBL models on the topic of conductivity in water. Thus the PBL model can be recommended in improving students' mental models on temperature and heat topics. The implication in this research is to improve the students' mental model as the agent of science education change.
Critical perspective of English teaching and learning in Turkey
Authors: Ulum Omer Gokhan , Uzun Kutay
Published: June 2020

GTM (Grammar Translation Method) is still the commonly utilized method in EFL classes in Turkish Education System. Based on a phenomenographic research design, this paper inquires the personal constructs of EFL state school teachers (n= 15) on the related issue. There in lies the major result in that non-native EFL teachers, who have learnt English totally via GTM, teaches it via GTM as well. Implications are provided to overcome this vicious circle.
Correlating spiritual and emotional intelligence with academic performance among Pakistani students
Authors: Turi Jamshid Ali , Rani Anita Abdul , Imaduddin Abidin , Mahmud Fatimah Binti , Adresi Alaeldeen Al
Published: June 2020

Continuous learning works like a blood for organization and individuals to proceed and succeed. Underdeveloped countries need to address their academic issues. Academic prosperity is linked to economy and technology disruptions so it’s an important element to bring underdeveloped countries up to the mark to thrive and survive in this technical era. Academic prosperity depends upon student's enthusiastic attitude and their emotional and spiritual intelligences. This study was conducted in learning organizations to see the impact of emotional and spiritual intelligences on academic performance. Population of the study is the academic institutes of Pakistan. Data were collected using cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey from 113 students in Pakistan. The findings provide positive and significant correlations among the types of intelligences and academic performance. Data was analyzed using SPSS and the results were verified using statistical methods like correlation, regression, ANNOVA, Cronbach alpha and means. This study highlights the role of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on academic performance and found out that it has the most demanding and significant effect on the academic performance, therefore it needs better integration in academic practices, routine and culture.
Visual art teachers’ determination of the self sufficiency to use alternative assessment tools
Authors: Dilmaç Sehran , Dilmaç Oğuz
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to examine visual arts teachers’ opinions on determination and evaluation of self-efficacy beliefs concerning using to alternative assessment tools. In this study ‘the survey research model’ from descriptive research was used in which the aim was to determine the opinions of visual arts teachers about the alternative assessment evaluation. A descriptive survey model was used as the quantitative research method. Data was obtained through a Likert scale that is also named as ‘Progression File, Performance Assessment and using the Grading Key Sufficiency Scale by the Visual Arts Teachers’. The study is conducted with 123 visual art teachers in the Turkey in the 2018-2019 academic years. Progression File, Performance Assessment and using the Grading Key Sufficiency Scale was applied to Visual Arts Teachers. It was determined that most of the teachers found themselves adequate about the evaluation process.
Factors influencing job satisfaction among academic staffs
Authors: Ong Choon Hee , Shi Chong Hui , Kowang Tan Owee , Fei Goh Chin , Ping Lim Lee
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between pay and benefits, work environment, top management leadership, workload and job satisfaction among academic staffs in a private academic institution in Malaysia. Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy theory and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory were used to establish the theoretical framework of this study. Questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data which yielded 82 responses in this study. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to perform data analysis throughout the study. All study variables were found to have significant positive relationships with job satisfaction among academic staffs in the selected institution. Top management leadership was discovered to have the most significant relationship with job satisfaction. The findings of this research provide a clear message to the top management that leadership plays an important role in enhancing job satisfaction of the academic staffs. Hence, it is suggested that the institution management should adopt appropriate leadership style and establish effective strategies and policies that aim to increase job satisfaction and performance of the academic staffs.
Socio-scientific issues implementation as science learning material
Authors: Genisa Marlina Ummas , Subali Bambang , Djukri Djukri , Agussalim Andi , Habibi Habibi
Published: June 2020

This paper analyzes the implementation of socio-scientific issues (SSI) as an alternative in science learning. The content analysis approach is used for mapping implementation of social-scientific problems around the world and is created using the ArcGIS 10.5 program. The findings highlight how the distribution patterns of SSI implementation are dominated by argumentation and decision making in SSI research. Teacher professional development related to SSI implementation also showed positive results for planning, developing, and solving problems related to SSI instruction.
 This study contributes as literature in exploring the implementation of SSI in educational contexts because its integration in science teaching materials is unfamiliar.
Project brief effects on creative thinking skills among low-ability pre-service physics teachers
Authors: Habibi Habibi , Mundilarto Mundilarto , Jumadi Jumadi , Gummah Syifaul , Ahzan Sukainil , Prasetya Dwi Sabda Budi
Published: June 2020

Creative thinking is high-order thinking that is not easy to stimulate with conventional learning, especially to solve complex physics problems. However, the learning strategy chosen must be in accordance with the teaching materials and students characteristics. Creative thinking is very important especially for low-ability characteristic in solving complicated physics problems; therefore, it needs to be triggered by student-centered learning strategies such as project briefs. This research was to analyze the effect of project brief learning on creative thinking skills (CrTS) of low-ability pre-service physics theacers. Sample was selected using purposive sampling (97 people) in the initial semester pre-service physics teachers which consisted of three classes A (32 people), B (35 people), and C (30 people). Data collection through essay tests on vibration and wave material and adjusted according to the CrTS-Kim indicators. The results show that the project brief has a positive effect on creative thinking skills. The highest effect on the fluency indicator has an average of 15.7 compared to the lecture strategy, as well as the mixture with an average of 9.89, and the lowest on the originality indicator.
Model of organizational abilities among secondary school teachers
Authors: Mawardi Dona Ningrum , Budiningsih C. Asri , Sugiman Sugiman , Habibi Habibi
Published: June 2020

This study confirms the correlation model constructed among organizational abilities variables of secondary school teachers. The organizational abilities variables are: organizational commitment, and professional commitment, job satisfaction, and job performance. The samples are secondary school teachers selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through a rating scale questionnaire (1-5) and analyzed using Lisrel 8.0 program. The results show that professional commitment has a significant effect on organizational commitment and job satisfaction with values of 2.72 and 2.60. Other findings that organizational commitment and job satisfaction have an effect on job performance with values of 2.36 and 2.02. Empirically, the results concluded that the correlation among the variables theoretically fulfilled the fit criteria.
Perception of peace among pre-service teachers
Authors: Selanik Ay Tuğba , Gokdemir Abdullah
Published: June 2020

This research was carried out to determine pre-service teachers' perceptions of “peace”. This was a qualitative research based on case studies scenarios and document analysis. The sample of the study consists of 180 teacher-candidates studies in the social sciences and primary education at a state university in the Aegean Region of Turkey. These Preservice teachers were given scenarios and asked to retain the five scenarios given to them. In this context, in the study, of the document types personal documents and peace-related sample case scenarios retained by teacher candidates themselves were used. The scenarios gathered are examined as a document and subjected to content analysis, and the data obtained are presented in tables and supported with direct quotations. As a result of the findings obtained from sample case study scenarios, themes of peace were obtained in the context of the teaching profession, in daily life, in the national and universal context. In the context of teacher behaviors and methods and techniques that can be used to bring peace value, teacher candidates’ state creating a democratic classroom climate, enabling free discussion of ideas and encouraging children to empathize. In addition,pre-service teachers stressed the importance of being a role-model and encouraging students to empathize under the theme of teacher behaviors supporting the value of peace.
The ideal-actual gap in the roles of research in teaching
Authors: Nozaleda Bryan Mallillin , Calubaquib Jhoanna Battung
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to create an image of how research integrates in university teaching particularly in STEM education in a state university in Philippines. The participants were 104 teachers from five campuses of the university that offers STEM undergraduate programs. A quantitative research design was employed to address the central theme: The identification of the gap between the beliefs and perceptions of STEM Educators regarding the role of research in university teaching. T-test was used to test the difference between the actual and ideal beliefs of teachers. Cohen’s d values were computed to determine the effect sizes. The present study revealed that the STEM teachers highly valued the role of research in teaching. They especially considered the development of creative and critical dispositions as the most important goals of integrating research into teaching. However, the teachers reported low actual integration of research into their current teaching, revealing a major gap between their beliefs and the perceived actual integration research into their own teaching practices as evident in the result of the statistical tests. It further showed that institutional background appeared to be critical in the integration of research in teaching. Ultimately, STEM education in the university is emphatic on research content in the delivery of instruction while creating opportunities for learners to participate along the learning process. However, a research-based approach remains to be unpopular, much less for a research-oriented classroom. Strengthening research support and widening the scope of research culture are recommended.
Semantic category and situation aspect in the Biblical Hebrew Niphal and Hitpael
Authors: Benton Richard C.
Published: June 2020

A clear distinction between the Niphal and Hitpael derivational morphology in Biblical Hebrew has eluded scholars. Traditionally, they have been distinguished according to voice (passive and middle) and reflexivity, where the Niphal tends more to express the former and the Hitpael, the latter. These categories result in significant overlap between these verbal forms, however. To fill attempt to fill this gap, the present study examines the complex relationship between the situation aspect, namely, State, Activity, and Accomplishment, of these verbal forms and the semantic category of verbal roots, both of which contribute to the meaning of a given verb. The Niphal tends consistently towards the situation aspect of State, and the Hitpael towards Activity, as I showed previously (Benton 2009). This paper delves additionally into Accomplishments as a compound aspect of an Activity followed by a State, and it shows that the Hitpael expresses the first phase and the Niphal, the second. The semantic categories in this study include denominal, deadjectival, and motion verbs. The verbal forms consistently follow their situation aspect in all the semantic categories of this study, but, significantly, the semantic category of these verbs imposes an additional dimension of meaning, further distinguishing between the two verbal forms. Authors can combine roots and derivational morphology for stylistic effect. Finally, the article suggests areas where the intersection of morphology, situation aspect, and semantic category can aid linguistic analysis in Biblical Hebrew and other Semitic languages.
Making the Best of Austin’s Goldfinch
Authors: Gustafsson Martin
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses Austin’s goldfinch example from “Other Minds,” which plays a central role in Kaplan’s Austin’s Way with Skepticism. The paper aims to clarify the obscure distinction Austin makes in connection with this example, between cases in which we know and can prove and cases in which we know but can’t prove. By discussing a couple of remarks that Austin makes in passing, a view is extracted from his text that stands in conflict with Kaplan’s reading at a fundamental point. The view proposed emphasizes the role of law-like generics in our practice of knowledge attribution, and brings out the disjunctivist elements in Austin’s conception. It is argued that the response to skepticism that Kaplan ascribes to Austin is not fully satisfactory, since it fails to tell us what makes some challenges to our knowledge claims appropriate and others outrageous. The alternative view proposed in this paper can handle this problem without postulating the sort of general external criterion that Kaplan’s Austin rightly rejects.
Austin and the Scope of Our Knowledge
Authors: Leite Adam
Published: June 2020

In ordinary circumstances in which we know there is a goldfinch on a branch in the garden, do we know that the thing on the branch isn’t stuffed? Austin’s methodology is perfectly compatible with holding both that we do and that we wouldn’t know it’s a goldfinch if we didn’t. Moreover, Austin’s methodology supports the claim that if we had no information whatsoever about whether it is stuffed, we wouldn’t know the thing on the branch is a goldfinch. Finally, Mark Kaplan’s claim that P is part of your evidence if and only if you know that P leaves him with good reason to agree that in ordinary circumstances, you do know that the goldfinch isn’t stuffed. This result suggests a distinctive way of approaching arguments for external world skepticism with the structure of the so-called Argument from Ignorance. And it highlights just how much can be learned from approaching epistemological issues in an Austinian spirit.
Improving Pediatrician’s Behavioral Health Competencies Through the Project ECHO Teleconsultation Model
Authors: Hostutler Cody A. , Valleru Jahnavi , Maciejewski Heather M. , Hess Amy , Gleeson Sean P. , Ramtekkar Ujjwal P.
Published: June 2020

Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a teleconsultation model for enhancing the treatment of underserved patients in primary care. Previous behavioral health (BH) adaptations of Project ECHO have primarily focused on adults or specific diagnoses and have relied on self-reported outcomes. The purpose of this pilot was to adapt Project ECHO to support pediatric primary care providers in addressing common BH needs and to conduct an initial evaluation of its effectiveness. Overall, participants reported high levels of satisfaction and a statistically significant improvement in their overall knowledge and skills ( P = 0.001). Participation was also associated with a reduction in the use of psychotropic polypharmacy. This pilot adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that Project ECHO is a promising workforce development approach to build competencies for the management of BH issues in primary care.
Latent Profile Analysis of Personality Dimensions Among Juvenile Offenders: Relevance for Predicting Offending Seriousness
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas
Published: June 2020

There is a burgeoning base of research identifying personality as a predictor of offending. However, research has focused on personality dimensions, rather than full personality profiles as predictors. The present study utilized the Pathways to Desistance data to examine the relationship between personality profiles and offending. This sample comprised 1,354 juvenile offenders followed during the study period of 2000 to 2010. Latent profile analysis was used to identify patterns across dimensions to elucidate personality profiles. Negative binomial regression was used to examine profiles as predictors of offending. Results indicated that a two-profile model fit the data. Participants assigned to the Undercontrolled profile (high in neuroticism and low in all other dimensions) engaged in more serious offending than the Resilient profile.
Gender Disparity in Pennsylvania Child Abuse and Neglect Sentencing Outcomes
Authors: Hanrath Lily , Font Sarah
Published: June 2020

Sentencing studies consistently show that male offenders receive more severe sentences than females. However, theory-based explanations for gender disparities in sentencing, which posit lenience is partially based on caregiver status, may be less relevant for crimes against children. This study leverages Pennsylvania Sentencing Commission data to assess sentence type and length among adults convicted of child neglect or physical abuse between 2006 and 2016. Employing bivariate and multivariate statistics, we found that, although female perpetrators make up the majority of child neglect and physical abuse perpetrators in the Child Protective Services system, they are a minority of those convicted. If convicted, women received less harsh sentences than men, consistent with the disparate gender patterns found in general criminal sentencing research.
Criminological Explanations, Race, and Biological Attributions of Crime as Predictors of Philadelphia Area Residents’ Support for Criminal Justice Policies
Authors: Updegrove Alexander H. , Boisvert Danielle L. , Cooper Maisha N. , Gabbidon Shaun L.
Published: June 2020

This study used telephone surveys from 350 randomly sampled Philadelphians to examine whether attributing crime to individual and environmental causes predicted support for punitive and progressive policies, respectively. This study also investigated whether Blacks and Whites differed in their preferred crime responses, and whether race interacted with crime attributions to predict preferred policies. Finally, this study explored whether biological attributions predicted support for policies. Linear regression analyses revealed: (1) individual crime attributions predicted support for punitive response policies; (2) environmental crime attributions predicted support for progressive policies; (3) Blacks more strongly supported progressive policies; (4) race significantly interacted with crime attributions to predict support for progressive policies; and (5) attributing crime to biological causes was unrelated to either policy type.
Service-learning to improve attitudes towards blood donation among university students
Authors: Fernández de la Iglesia Josefa del Carmen , Martínez-Santos Alba-Elena , Rodríguez-González Raquel , Cebreiro Beatriz , Fernández-Morante Carmen , Casal-Otero Lorena
Published: June 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to describe how a service-learning methodology can promote blood donation among students by increasing levels of knowledge and improving attitudes while developing professional skills.

Method:

A quasi-experimental study design was utilised. A questionnaire identified barriers and incentives to blood donation in an experimental group and a control group. Participants ( n = 81) were students in nursing and primary teacher training courses at the University of Santiago de Compostela. Non-parametric analyses examined differences between participating and non-participating students within the project.

Results:

Gender and degree programme differences were found. Students who participated increased their level of knowledge ( U = 325.500, p < .001) and reduced their barriers to blood donation in three of the evaluated dimensions: personal reasons ( U = 520.500, p = .004), fears ( U = 471.500, p = .001) and pretexts ( U = 576.500, p = .020). Non-participants in the service-learning project reported more barriers and fewer external incentives.

Conclusion:

Service-learning methodology can be a useful strategy to increase blood donation among students in higher education. It increases knowledge, improves attitudes and reduces barriers to donation. This successful interdisciplinary experience could provide the basis for the implementation of new service-learning approaches.
Prediction and optimization of sharing bikes queuing model in grid of Geohash coding
Authors: Yu Kui , Qu Changyue
Published: June 2020

Dockless bike-sharing systems provide parking anywhere feature and environment-friendly approach for commuter. It is booming all over the world. Different from dockless bike-sharing systems, for example, previous studies focus on rental mode and docking stations planning. Yet, due to the fact that human mobility patterns of temporal and geographic lead to bike imbalance problem, we modeled human mobility patterns, predicted bike usage, and optimized management of the bike-sharing service. First, we proposed adaptive Geohash-grid clustering to classify bike flow patterns. For simplicity and rapid modeling, we defined three queuing models: over-demand, self-balance, and over-supply. Second, we improved adaptive Geohash-grid clustering-support vector machine algorithm to recognize self-balance pattern. Third, based on the result of adaptive Geohash-grid clustering-support vector machine, we proposed Markov state prediction model and Poisson mixture model expectation-maximization algorithm. Based on data set from Mobike and OFO, we conduct experiments to evaluate models. Results show that our models offer better prediction and optimization performance.
An improved teaching learning–based optimization algorithm for congestion management with the integration of solar photovoltaic system
Authors: Suganthi S T , Devaraj D
Published: June 2020

In restructured power systems, transmission congestion is an imperative issue. Establishment of solar photovoltaic system at appropriate areas is likely to relieve congestion in transmission lines in the restructured power systems. Congestion management technique by utilizing solar photovoltaic sources, using an improved teaching learning–based optimization, is investigated in this article. Bus sensitivity factors which have the direct influence on the congested lines are utilized to locate the solar photovoltaic sources at appropriate areas. Congestion management is figured as an optimization problem with a goal of limiting the congestion management price utilizing the improved teaching learning–based optimization approach, which espouses the self-driven learning principle. IEEE-30 bus test system is simulated and tested in MATLAB environment so as to demonstrate the viability of the suggested methodology than different methodologies.
Very long-term outcome of psychotic disorders
Authors: Peritogiannis Vaios , Gogou Afroditi , Samakouri Maria
Published: June 2020

Background:

The outcome of schizophrenia and related psychoses is generally modest, and patients display high rates of disability.

Aims:

The aim of the review is to present an up-to-date account of the research on the very long-term outcome of psychotic disorders.

Method:

We conducted a search in the PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published since the publication of the very long-term data of the World Health Organization’s International Study of Schizophrenia (the ISoS study), over the last 18 years (from 2002 to 2019). Studies were included if they reported on at least 15-year outcome and if they had used valid and reliable tools for the estimation of the patients’ outcome in terms of symptomatology and functioning.

Results:

A total of 16 studies were included in this review, involving 1,391 patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses. Most were single-center studies, with moderate size samples of patients, and 11 were prospective studies. Very long-term outcome of psychotic disorders varies considerably among studies. Good outcome ranges from 8% to 73.8%, and it appears to be better in developing countries, whereas differences are less apparent among Western countries (8%–40.3%). Studies in different settings have used different methods involving a variety of samples of patients to estimate their outcome, whereas definitions of good and poor outcome also varied among studies. Longer duration of untreated psychosis was associated with worse outcome in some studies. Schizophrenia was found to have poorer long-term prognosis compared to other schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A large proportion of patients, ranging from 19% to 48.2%, were not on medication.

Conclusion:

Recent evidence on the very long-term outcome of psychotic disorders is in line with previous reports and suggests that prognosis remains rather modest. There are several limitations of current research regarding outcome definitions and study design that should be addressed by future research.
An Analysis of ‘Operation Phakisa’ to Unlock the Potential of Ocean Resources in South Africa
Authors: Odeku Kola Sola
Published: June 2020

South Africa is endowed with vast ocean resources and wealth which have the potential to provide enormous socio-economic goods and services to the people and create massive economic growth and wealth if vigorously explored and tapped. This assertion is made against the backdrop of the recent government strategical initiative, under the auspices of ‘Operation Phakisa’, to unlock and explore the full potential of the ocean’s wealth to drive economic growth, create jobs and alleviate poverty. This paper seeks to accentuate that the Operation Phakisa initiative has the potential to strategically unlock underexplored ocean resources for purposes of creating sustainable economic growth, development, and alleviation of hunger and poverty. It concludes that effective and sustainable use of the ocean’s wealth depends on good, efficient governance policies, practices and management. Methodically, a qualitative non-empirical research approach was adopted and utilized in this study by sourcing, drawing upon and using information and insights from contemporary literature to address identified problems.
The Lingering Effects of Losing and Nonvoting on Institutional Trust: An Analysis of South Korea
Authors: Rich Timothy S , Knight Lucas , Dahmer Andi
Published: June 2020

To what extent do supporters of electoral losers and nonvoters maintain lower evaluations of institutions post-election? A sizable literature identifies a divergence in perceptions among winners and losers regarding democratic satisfaction, with few studies extending this to perceptions of other electoral and nonelectoral institutions nor to include nonvoters. The timing of the 2015 Asian Barometer survey in South Korea allows us to identify evaluation prior to Park Geun-Hye’s impeachment scandal. Analysis consistently finds that those who supported the losing presidential candidate in 2012 maintained lower evaluations of institutions, with inconsistent results regarding nonvoters.
Undermining a Rival Party’s Issue Competence through Negative Campaigning: Experimental Evidence from the USA, Denmark, and Australia
Authors: Seeberg Henrik Bech , Nai Alessandro
Published: June 2020

Much party communication encourages voters to lower issue-related evaluations of rival parties. Yet, studies of such influence are rare. Drawing on research on political parties’ negative campaigning, this article starts to fill this gap. We triangulate evidence from four survey experiments across six issues in Denmark, the US, and Australia, and show that a party’s negative campaigning decreases voters’ evaluations of the target party’s issue-handling competence (i.e. issue ownership), but does not backlash on voters’ evaluations of the sponsor. Such attack on the target party does not have to be tied to a negative policy development like the crime rate to undermine the target party’s competence evaluations. At the same time, a negative policy development only undermines a party’s evaluations when it is accompanied by a rival party’s negative campaigning attack. The implications for party competition and the mass-elite linkage are important.
Construction and finite element simulation of the saw type gin stand using fractal theory
Authors: Hu Wen , Chen Xiaochuan , Wang Jun , Li Yong
Published: June 2020

The process of cotton ginning was simulated by the finite element method in order to improve and optimize the efficiency of the process. Based on the fractal theory, a new cotton model was established by observing the morphological structure of cotton: the fractal cotton model with cotton seed. Considering the existence of seeds in actual cotton, the model assumes that the cotton fiber bundles are distributed in a fractal structure and the section is simplified as a circle. The finite element simulation of the model was carried out using ANSYS Workbench software, and the viscoelastic material parameters of cotton fibers were determined under different moisture content, the effects of different moisture contents and rotation speeds on the saw type gin stand were analyzed, and the stress and strain nephograms of cotton at different times were checked. The simulation results showed that when moisture content was between 6.1% and 7.8%, the ginning efficiency is the highest. The higher the speed of the saw tooth, the more severe the effect of ginning, but too high a speed will also affect the quality of the cotton lint. The results showed that the simulation conclusions were in line with the actual situation, and the model had certain application value.
Predicting the number of fiber roots in lola drafting based on multi-field coupling
Authors: Li Xin rong , Wu LiuBo , Bu Zhaoning , Liu Lidong
Published: June 2020

Pullout theory is very important in improving efficiency, quality, and production costs. Because production efficiency is too low for mechanical drafting equipment, a simple multi-field coupling model of fiber mechanics based on conserving momentum is proposed that considers the distribution of the fiber speed point, slip rate, and friction mechanics. When the roller draft multiple is increased, the position near the rear roller clamp mouth in the draft area will show a sharp decrease of fiber, which is caused by the rapid movement of the front fiber to drive the floating fiber movement, and it is also the existence of the fiber change point. When the roller spacing increases, the draft efficiency decreases, although the pressure applied by the roller to the fibrous strip has a weak effect on the draft efficiency. This research increases our understanding of drawing and provides theoretical support for the design of a new type of drawing.
Reconfiguration of state–society relations: The making of uncompromising nail households in urban housing demolition and relocation in Dalian, China
Authors: Li Chen , Wang Mark Yaolin , Day Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Based on an ongoing housing demolition and relocation project in Dalian, this article describes uncompromising nail households, who have resisted resettlement through intractable conflict and prolonged bargaining. Building upon a state–society approach, this article reveals a new relationship between state, society and governance in the institutional background of neoliberal urbanism in China. Uncompromising nail households within this transforming governance system are able to individually equip and maintain their resistance. The article identifies heterogeneous uncompromising nail households: ‘hard’, who maintain a firm stance throughout the bargaining process; and ‘hardened’, who increase resistance during the process of bargaining. These findings contribute to understanding of the reconfiguration of state–society relations, and demonstrate significant contradictions between the central and local states in the dynamics of change in neoliberal urbanism in China.