bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of psychosocial stress factors in patients with renal cancer
Authors: Draeger Désirée Louise , Sievert Karl-Dietrich , Hakenberg Oliver W.
Published: February 2018

Background:

The experience of stress in patients with cancer through helplessness and the suppression of emotions correlates with unfavorable disease prognosis. Significant distress can reduce survival probability as well as subjectively perceived poor quality of life. Currently, there are few data on psychological stress in patients with renal cancer and most studies focus on survival time. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychosocial stress of patients with renal cancer with screening questionnaires for an inpatient psychosocial treatment program.

Methods:

Patients undergoing inpatient surgical or medical treatment for renal cancer were prospectively assessed for psychosocial stress with two standardized stress screening questionnaires used for the identification of the need for psychosocial care [NCCN Distress Thermometer (NCCN-DT), Hornheider Screening Instrument (HSI)].

Results:

Seventy-four patients with a mean age of 65 years were assessed. The average NCCN-DT score was 4.8 (scale of 0–10) and did not correlate with tumor stage, sex or prognosis. According to the DT results, 27% of patients were in need of psychosocial care which was significantly higher than the self-reported need. The main stressors were anxiety (32%), pain (27%), nervousness (26%), sadness, worry and sleeping difficulties (20%).

Conclusions:

There is a significant number of patients with renal cancer with increased psychological distress and a consecutive need for psychosocial care. This is underreported and largely unrecognized by patients as well as physicians and nurses. Easy-to-use assessment tools can be very helpful in identifying patients in need and this information can be used to implement psychological support and thus improve patient care.
Intravesical instillations for the treatment of refractory recurrent urinary tract infections
Authors: Dutta Sonia , Lane Felicia
Published: February 2018

Background:

Treatment options for refractory recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) are limited; therefore, we sought to determine if intravesical instillations with heparin effectively treat recurrent UTIs.

Methods:

Patients at an academic medical center who received intravesical instillations with heparin for recurrent UTIs/chronic cystitis between January 2011 and December 2015 were identified via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) procedure codes. All cases were analyzed for frequency of UTIs during the treatment phase as well as for the subsequent 6 months after completion of therapy. Demographic, clinical and treatment related factors were then collected from the medical records to draw associations with success or failure of treatment.

Results:

Thirty-nine women were treated with heparin intravesical instillations for recurrent UTIs. The average age of the cohort was 68.38 years [range 25–88, standard deviation (SD) 12.92], with mean parity 2.38 (range 0–7, SD 1.55) and mean body mass index 27.85 (range 19.5–37.9, SD 4.84). A total of 84.6% completed the recommended 6-week treatment course while 69.2% went on to an additional maintenance phase. Twelve patients (30.8%) had a culture-proven UTI during the treatment phase. In the 6-month follow-up period, 46.2% of patients had at least one UTI with only seven patients (17.9%) meeting criteria for recurrent UTIs (two or more UTIs in 6 months). On univariable assessment, development of recurrent UTIs after completion of instillation therapy was associated with increasing age and vaginal estrogen use during the instillation treatment course.

Conclusions:

Intravesical instillation with heparin is an effective option to consider for the treatment of refractory recurrent UTIs.
Perceptions of the Home Environments of Graduate Students Raised in Poverty
Authors: Turner Jacqueline S. , Juntune Joyce
Published: February 2018

Current literature has identified a growing achievement gap experienced by students raised in poverty. However, some students from poverty can defeat the odds and succeed academically with advanced degrees. Nine graduate students self-identified as being raised in poverty participated in this study. The home-related experiences that led to their academic success were explored. Basic qualitative inquiry and constructivist narrative analysis were used as a framework for this study. Data collection methods included face-to-face and telephone interviews. Data transcriptions were coded and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Findings suggest that graduate students raised in poverty need a broad support system inside and outside the home. They also indicated that activities and routines were critical to their continued academic success and how academic work often became an escape from the chaos around them. This study calls attention to the academic importance of a broader support network for students raised in poverty.
Playing, debugging, learning: A proposal between game and instructional designs via extended prototyping
Authors: Gandolfi Enrico
Published: February 2018

This article investigates the phenomenon of open and participative development (e.g. beta testing, Kickstarter projects)—i.e. extended prototyping—in digital entertainment as a potential source of insights for instructional interventions. Despite the increasing popularity of this practice and the potential implications for educators and instructional designers, little efforts have been done in enlightening the topic. This study aims to address this lack by staging a bridge between Instructional Design and Game Design with an empirical inquiry. N:130 subjects (beta testers and Steam Early Access and Kickstarter users) were recruited with a quantitative questionnaire about their contribution to open development instances. Behavioral patterns, effective policies and managements, and subjective profiles and opinions were gathered and tied to instructional design models and concepts. Results point to successful techniques in designing and applying such a process, while mistakes and unproductive tactics are highlighted as well. To summarize, instruction can take advantage of an increased participation of targeted audiences/learners to its development phases. Benefits span transparency, engagement, and commitment. However, poor communication and incoherence between testing and final product may weaken the overall outcome.
Impact of Exercise Counseling on Physical Function in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Observational Study
Authors: Bohm Clara J. , Storsley Leroy J. , Hiebert Brett M. , Nelko Serena , Tangri Navdeep , Cheskin Lawrence J. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A. , Rigatto Claudio
Published: February 2018

Background:

Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have low levels of physical activity and physical function. Although guidelines endorse exercise counseling for individuals with CKD, it is not yet part of routine care.

Objective:

We investigated the effect of attending a real-life exercise counseling clinic (ECC) on physical function in individuals with CKD.

Design:

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected observational data with quasi-experimental design.

Setting and Participants:

Patients with all stages of CKD registered in a large provincial renal program were eligible. The exposed cohort who attended the ECC between January 1, 2011, and March 15, 2014, included 214 individuals. The control cohort included 292 individuals enrolled in an observational study investigating longitudinal change in frailty during the same time period.

Predictor/Factor:

Attendance at an ECC.

Outcomes and Measurements:

Change in physical function as measured by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, physical activity level (Human Activity Profile [HAP]/Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly [PASE]), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL; EQ5D/VAS) over 1 year.

Results:

Eighty-seven individuals in the ECC cohort and 125 participants in the control cohort completed 1-year follow-up. Baseline median SPPB score was 10 (interquartile range [IQR]: 9-12) and 9 (IQR: 7-11) in the ECC and control cohorts, respectively ( P < .01). At 1 year, SPPB scores were 10 (IQR: 8-12) and 9 (IQR: 6-11) in the ECC and control cohorts, respectively ( P = .04). Mean change in SPPB over 1 year was not significantly different between groups: −0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.81 to 0.15) in ECC and −0.22 (95% CI: −0.61 to 0.17) in control ( P = .72). There was no significant difference in the proportion of individuals in each cohort with an increase/decrease in SPPB score over time. There was no significant change in physical activity or HRQOL over time between groups.

Limitations:

Quasi-experimental design, low rate of follow-up attendance.

Conclusions:

In this pragmatic study, exercise counseling had no significant effect on change in SPPB score, suggesting that a single exercise counseling session alone is inadequate to improve physical function in CKD.
Factors associated with pericolic fat stranding of colon cancer on computed tomography colonography
Authors: Morimoto Tsuyoshi , Yamada Takayuki , Miyakawa Kunihisa , Nakajima Yasuo
Published: February 2018

Background

Pericolic fat stranding on computed tomography (CT) scans has been an important feature for staging colon cancer. However, the factors associated with pericolic fat stranding have not been elucidated to date.

Purpose

To determine factors associated with pericolic fat stranding of colon cancer on CT colonography (CTC).

Material and Methods

Overall, 150 patients with 155 colon cancer lesions were retrospectively assessed by two radiologists for pericolic fat stranding on CTC. Circumferential proportion of the tumor (CPtumor; <50%, 50–75%, and ≥75%), longitudinal length, depth of invasion (≤T2, T3, T4), lymph node and distant metastasis, and lymphovascular invasion were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed between pericolic fat stranding and each factor. Multi-group comparisons were performed for the CPtumor and depth of invasion.

Results

Pericolic fat stranding was identified in 57 lesions (36.8%). Univariate analysis revealed significant associations of pericolic fat stranding with all factors ( P < 0.027), except for lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.087). Multi-group comparisons revealed that pericolic fat stranding was more frequent with increasing CPtumor ( P < 0.001); however, no significant differences were observed beyond subserosal infiltration ( P = 0.225). Logistic regression analysis revealed the CPtumor (<75% vs. ≥75%; P = 0.008, <50% vs. 50–75%; P = 0.047) and longitudinal length ( P = 0.001) as explainable variables.

Conclusion

Pericolic fat stranding identified on CT images of colon cancer is demonstrated more frequently with increasing circumferential proportion of the tumor and longitudinal length.
Acceptance and commitment therapy as a clinical anxiety treatment and performance enhancement program for musicians
Authors: Juncos David G. , de Paiva e Pona Elvire
Published: February 2018

In this article we discuss the various options available to musicians wanting to treat their music performance anxiety (MPA), and we recommend that musicians work with a performance psychologist over the other available options. We also discuss the potential for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to serve as both a clinical anxiety treatment and performance enhancement program for musicians, while addressing the state of the research for both applications, as well as the research for a similar, mindfulness and acceptance-based performance enhancement program for athletes, i.e., the Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment (MAC) approach. In order for the field of performance psychology to develop into a more credible discipline, we believe practitioners working with musicians should follow an evidence-based practice model of care, in which empirically supported treatments for MPA and performance enhancement are promoted, and information about such treatments is disseminated among practitioners, musicians, and music teachers. Such a practice must become the norm in this field, because it will ultimately result in greater protections for those musicians seeking help for performance-related challenges by ensuring a higher level of professional accountability among practitioners. Lastly, we discuss some issues that may arise when applying ACT or the MAC approach to musicians.
Entrainment, theory of mind, and prosociality in child musicians
Authors: Ilari Beatriz , Fesjian Cara , Habibi Assal
Published: February 2018

In this study, we tracked the development of rhythmic entrainment, prosociality, and theory of mind skills in children attending music and sports programs and in a control group over the course of three years. Forty-five children (mean age at onset = 81 months) drummed in two contextual conditions – alone and social – completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and prosocial tasks (helping and sharing). All children improved in their ability to entrain to external rhythms over time, with the music group outperforming controls in the entrainment-social condition. Developmental effects were found for theory of mind, but no significant group differences. Although there were no significant group differences for prosociality, following three years of music education, entrainment scores in the alone condition were positively correlated with the number of stickers that children in the music group gave to friends. Results are discussed in light of the nature of collective music learning through ensemble participation and its role in the development of social-cognitive and prosocial skills in childhood.
Web of Science: Showing a Bug Today That Can Mislead Scientific Research Output Prediction
Authors: Batista Pablo Diniz , Marques-Carneiro Igor , Fauth Leduc Hermeto de Almeida , Brandão Márcia de Oliveira Reis
Published: February 2018

As in all domains of human activity, economic issues and the increase of people working in scientific research have altered the way scientific production is evaluated as well as the objectives for performing the evaluation. The h index was introduced in 2005 by J. E. Hirsch as an indicator for the measurement of individual scientific output not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of quality, and its use has since spread throughout the world. In 2007, Hirsch proposed its adoption as the best way to predict future scientific achievement and, consequently, as a useful guide for investment in research and for institutions when hiring members for their scientific staff. Since then, several authors have also been using the Thomson ISI Web of Science database to develop their proposals for evaluating research output. Here, using a software we have developed, we analyze more than 100,000 articles and show that a subtle flaw in Web of Science can inflate the results of information collected, therefore compromising the exactness and, consequently, the effectiveness of Hirsch’s proposal and its variations.
Periosteal flap augmentation of the Modified Broström–Gould procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability
Authors: Chew Chee Ping , Koo Kevin Oon Thien , Lie Denny Tjiauw Tjoen
Published: February 2018

Introduction:

Chronic lateral ankle instability occurs in up to 20% of ankle injuries. Most can be treated conservatively, but surgical reconstruction is required if conservative treatment fails. Modified Broström–Gould procedure is an effective surgical treatment and the augmentation of this procedure with a periosteal flap may confer additional stability. We report on the outcome of a technique combining a modified Broström–Gould procedure augmented with a periosteal flap in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability.

Method:

Twenty-four males aged 18–42 (mean, 24) with chronic lateral ankle instability affecting 24 ankles underwent the modified Broström–Gould procedure augmented with a periosteal flap, and these surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. The mean follow-up period was 28.7 months. Patients were assessed pre- and post-operatively with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hind foot score.

Results:

Preoperatively, the mean AOFAS ankle and hind foot score was 67.38. Post-operatively, significant improvement was seen, with a score of 88.71 ( p < 0.05). None of the patients reported surgical or wound complications.

Conclusion:

The technique of modified Broström–Gould procedure with periosteal flap augmentation appears to be a simple and safe operation for chronic lateral ankle instability. Patients with poor quality local ligamentous tissue, obese patients or high demand athletes generally benefit from this procedure. It allows effective augmentation of the reconstruction without causing any harm to local tendons or using additional costly implants.
Arthroscopic undersurface rotator cuff repair versus conventional arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair – Comparable results at 2-year follow-up
Authors: Ang Benjamin Fu Hong , Chen Jerry Yongqiang , Yeo William , Lie Denny Tijauw Tjoen , Chang Paul Chee Cheng
Published: February 2018

Aim:

The aim of our study is to compare the improvement in clinical outcomes after conventional arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair and arthroscopic undersurface rotator cuff repair.

Method:

A consecutive series of 120 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was analysed. Sixty-one patients underwent conventional double-row rotator cuff repair and 59 patients underwent undersurface rotator cuff repair. Several clinical outcomes, including numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), constant shoulder score (CSS), Oxford shoulder score (OSS) and University of California Los Angeles shoulder score (UCLASS), were prospectively recorded by a trained healthcare professional preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery.

Result:

Comparing both groups, there were no differences in age, gender and preoperative NPRS, CSS, OSS and UCLASS. However, the tear size was 0.7 ± 0.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–1.1) cm larger in the conventional group ( p = 0.002). There was no difference in the improvement of NPRS, CSS, OSS and UCLASS at all time points of follow–up, that is, at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The duration of operation was shorter by 35 ± 3 (95% CI 28–42) min in the undersurface group ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Both arthroscopic undersurface rotator cuff repair and conventional arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair showed marked improvements in clinical scores when compared preoperatively, and there was no difference in improvements between both groups. Arthroscopic undersurface rotator cuff repair is a faster technique compared to the conventional arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair.
Cervical endoscopic spinal surgery: A review of the current literature
Authors: Bucknall Vittoria , Gibson JN Alastair
Published: February 2018

Cervical endoscopic spinal surgery (CESS) is now regularly performed in some centres in the Far East, yet rarely in Europe and the United States. This review describes the application of CESS through anterior and posterior approaches with analysis of the available evidence supporting current techniques. An electronic literature search identified 52 papers and proceedings’ abstracts of which 25 (16 anterior approach and 9 posterior approach) provided comparable clinical outcomes. The results revealed a good or excellent outcome from CESS in 91% (range 74–100%) with a complication rate of 5%. In a local cohort study, patients had 72% less neck pain (visual analogue scale rating) and 81% less arm pain at 6 months when CESS was used as an isolated procedure, and 74% less neck pain and 83% less arm pain when coupled with disc replacement or fusion at an adjacent level.
Teaching Feedback Skills Through Letters to “Dear Obby”
Authors: Miller Lynn E.
Published: February 2018

How one communicates concerns about another person’s actions or performance can significantly affect both the extent to which the feedback improves behavior as well as the quality of the ongoing relationship with the feedback recipient. This article reviews evidence-based principles for delivering corrective feedback and describes an engaging classroom exercise designed to help Organizational Behavior students learn about and apply these principles. Students are presented with a set of dilemmas written as letters to a fictitious advice columnist, “Dear Obby” (pronounced “OB”). The letters, describing situations that call for corrective feedback, can be student-generated or provided by the instructor. Teaching tips are included to help instructors use the scenarios to generate discussion about the goals and principles of effective feedback and to give students opportunities to practice feedback skills in role-plays.
Correction to: Cadaveric surgery in core gynaecology training: a feasibility study
Authors: Lim Chou Phay , Roberts Mark , Chalhoub Tony , Waugh Jason , Delgaty Laura
Published: February 2018

Correction

After publication of the original article [1] it was brought to our attention that author Laura Delgaty was incorrectly included as Laura Delegate. The correct spelling of the author’s name is included in the author list of this correction and updated in the original article.
The evolution of the gender test score gap through seventh grade: new insights from Australia using unconditional quantile regression and decomposition
Authors: Le Huong Thu , Nguyen Ha Trong
Published: February 2018

This paper documents the patterns and examines the factors contributing to a gender gap in educational achievements in early seventh grade of schooling using a recent and nationally representative panel of Australian children. Regression results indicate that females excel at non-numeracy subjects at later grades whereas males outperform females in numeracy in all grades, whether at the mean or along the distribution of the test score. Our results also reveal a widening gender test score gap in numeracy as students advance their schooling. Regression and decomposition results also highlight the importance of controlling for pre-school cognitive skills in examining the gender test score gap.
Reallocating children’s time: coping strategies after the 2010 Haiti earthquake
Authors: Novella Rafael , Zanuso Claire
Published: February 2018

This paper estimates the impact of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on the household decision about children’s time allocation. Using original data and objective geological measures, we exploit the fact that the earthquake might affect the decision about children’s time through its magnitude and household’s revealed vulnerability. Separated measures of the earthquake magnitude and its damage allow us to estimate the impact of the household’s vulnerability on the decision about the time allocation of children 10 to 17 years old. We are also able to analyze the differentiated effect on market and domestic work. Our results show that vulnerability at the time of the earthquake severely affects investments in children’s human capital almost 3 years after the shock, which increases the household’s risk of staying in poverty.
A rare case of severe third degree friction burns and large Morel-Lavallee lesion of the abdominal wall
Authors: Brown Darnell J. , Lu Kuo Jung G. , Chang Kristina , Levin Jennifer , Schulz John T. , Goverman Jeremy
Published: February 2018

Background

Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLLs) are rare internal degloving injuries typically caused by blunt traumatic injuries and most commonly occur around the hips and in association with pelvic or acetabular fractures. MLL is often overlooked in the setting of poly-trauma; therefore, clinicians must maintain a high degree of suspicion and be familiar with the management of such injuries, especially in obese poly-trauma patients.

Case presentation

We present a 30-year-old female pedestrian struck by a motor vehicle who sustained multiple long bone fractures, a mesenteric hematoma, and full-thickness abdominal skin friction burn which masked a significant underlying abdominal MLL. The internal degloving caused significant devascularization of the overlying soft tissue and skin which required surgical drainage of hematoma, abdominal wall reconstruction with tangential excision, allografting, negative pressure wound therapy, and ultimately autografting.

Conclusion

MLL is a rare, often overlooked, internal degloving injury. Surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion when dealing with third degree friction burns as they may mask underlying injuries such as MLL, and a delay in diagnosis can lead to increased morbidity.
Endocrine Disorders in Primary Mitochondrial Disease
Authors: Al-Gadi Iman S , Haas Richard H , Falk Marni J , Goldstein Amy , McCormack Shana E
Published: February 2018

Context

Endocrine disorders are common in individuals with mitochondrial disease. To develop evidence-based screening practices in this high-risk population, updated age-stratified estimates of the prevalence of endocrine conditions are needed.

Objective

To measure the point prevalence of selected endocrine disorders in individuals with mitochondrial disease.

Design, Setting, and Patients

The North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium Patient Registry is a large, prospective, physician-curated cohort study of individuals with mitochondrial disease. Participants (n = 404) are of any age, with a diagnosis of primary mitochondrial disease confirmed by molecular genetic testing.

Main Outcome Measures

Age-specific prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), abnormal growth and sexual maturation (AGSM), hypoparathyroidism, and hypothyroidism.

Results

The majority of our sample was pediatric (<18 years; 60.1%), female (56.9%), and white (85.9%). DM affected 2% of participants aged <18 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4% to 5.7%] and 24.4% of adult participants (95% CI: 18.6% to 30.9%). DM prevalence was highest in individuals with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes syndrome (MELAS; 31.9%, of whom 86.2% had the m.3243A>G mutation). DM occurred more often with mitochondrial DNA defects (point mutations and/or deletions) than with nuclear DNA mutations (23.3% vs 3.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). Other prevalence estimates were 44.1% (95% CI: 38.8% to 49.6%) for AGSM; 0.3% (95% CI: 0% to 1.6%) for hypoparathyroidism; and 6.3% (95% CI: 4% to 9.3%) for hypothyroidism.

Conclusion

DM and AGSM are highly prevalent in primary mitochondrial disease. Certain clinical mitochondrial syndromes (MELAS and Kearns-Sayre/Pearson syndrome spectrum disorders) demonstrated a higher burden of endocrinopathies. Clinical screening practices should reflect the substantial prevalence of endocrine disorders in mitochondrial disease.
Polymerization of Cyclododecasiloxanes with Si–H and Si–OEt Side Groups by the Piers-Rubinsztajn Reaction
Authors: Yoshikawa Masashi , Shiba Hiroya , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: February 2018

Two types of cyclododecasiloxanes possessing Si–H and Si–OEt side groups were polymerized by the Piers-Rubinsztajn (P-R) reaction. Cyclododecasiloxane possessing both methyl and ethoxydimethylsilyl side groups (Cyclo12-Me-SiMe2(OEt)) was synthesized by ethoxylation of cyclododecasiloxane possessing both methyl and dimethylsilyl side groups (Cyclo12-Me-SiHMe2). Cyclo12-Me-SiMe2(OEt) and Cyclo12-Me-SiHMe2 were polymerized by the P-R reaction, using B(C6F5)3 as a catalyst. The original cyclic structures were retained after the reaction without cleavage of the Si–O–Si bonds. Dimethylsilane elimination between two side –SiHMe2 groups and the consecutive siloxane-bond formation occurred concomitantly during the main P-R reaction. The effectiveness of the P-R reaction between oligosiloxanes toward preparation of polyorganosiloxanes with well-defined architectures has been demonstrated.
СКЛОННОСТЬ К ВИКТИМНОСТИ И ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ СТАРШЕКЛАССНИКОВ О ЛИЧНОСТИ БЕЗОПАСНОГО ТИПА: ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ
Authors: Patsakula Irina Ivanovna
Published: February 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной теме в ситуации социально-экономических изменений среды формированию здоровой, активно созидающей и социально адаптированной личности, а так же возросшей потребностью виктимологической профилактики и коррекции. Авторы ставят целью изучить связь между виктимным поведением личности и представлением молодого поколения о личности безопасного типа.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют методы психосемантики (ассоциативный эксперимент, специализированный семантический дифференциал) [2], методика исследования склонности к виктимному поведению О.О. Андрониковой [1], методы математической статистики: коэффициент ранговой корреляции Rs Спирмена.Результаты. В статье представлены результаты изучения виктимного поведения личности в связи с представлением о личности безопасного типа. Было проведено исследование среди представителей молодого поколения, которое подтвердило, что у подростков, склонных к виктимному поведению и подростков, не имеющих в своем поведении виктимных характеристик, представления о личности безопасного типа различаются по их эмоциональной окрашенности, по силе выраженности различных характеристик и по содержанию ассоциативного ряда.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере педагогики, психологии и юриспруденции в рамках виктимологической профилактики.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОВЛАДАЮЩЕГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ У ЖЕНЩИН С СИНДРОМОМ ПОЛИКИСТОЗНЫХ ЯИЧНИКОВ
Authors: Kuzmin Mikhail Yurievich , Igumnov Ilya Andreevich , Suturina Larisa Viktorovna
Published: February 2018

В статье проведен анализ проблемы совладающего поведения женщин репродуктивного возраста с СПКЯ. Авторы анализируют различные подходы к проблеме копинг-стратегий женщин репродуктивного возраста с диагнозом СПКЯ, отмечая неоднозначность результатов, полученных в зарубежной психологии. На общей выборке в 76 человек дается сравнение выраженности различных копинг-стратегий, измеренных при помощи методик «Способы совладающего поведения», «Тест жизнестойкости» и MSTAT-II как у женщин репродуктивного и не репродуктивного возраста, так и у женщин репродуктивного возраста с диагнозом СПКЯ и без него. Оказалось, что у женщин с СПКЯ по сравнению как со сверстницами, так и с женщинами старше репродуктивного возраста гораздо более выражен показатель жизнестойкости личности, а именно сама жизнестойкость и один из аттитюдов, составляющих данное качество – Включенности и Принятия риска. Кроме того, женщины с СПКЯ гораздо толерантнее к неопределенности, чем женщины без соответствующего диагноза. Таким образом, женщины репродуктивного возраста с диагнозом СПКЯ отличаются большей мотивацией к преодолению стрессовых ситуаций и, кроме того, убежденностью в том, что любые изменения вокруг способствуют их развитию, неважно, позитивны они или негативны. На основании корреляционного анализа шкал методик «Способы совладающего поведения», «Тест жизнестойкости» и MSTAT-II авторы делают заключение, что у женщин без СПКЯ готовность к риску скорее связана с пассивной стратегией переоценки существующей ситуации, то у женщин с СПКЯ – к непосредственному планированию решения проблемы.
Periprocedural Bridging Anticoagulation
Authors: Johnson Stacy A. , LaBrin Joshua
Published: February 2018

The “Things We Do for No Reason” (TWDFNR) series reviews practices that have become common parts of hospital care but that may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards, but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
The impact of nurse managers' leadership styles on ward staff
Authors: Saleh Usama , O'Connor Tom , Al-Subhi Hattan , Alkattan Rana , Al-Harbi Saad , Patton Declan
Published: February 2018

Aim:

to explore the nature of leadership styles used by the nursing management team, as perceived by nurses working at the bedside.

Background:

leadership style is related to job satisfaction, staff retention, costs, and quality of care. The leadership styles of managers can be crucial in the healthcare setting, but very few studies have focused on them.

Method:

the study employed qualitative methodology, involving 35 nurses working in different specialties of a medical city in Saudi Arabia. Data collection consisted of completing demographic and professional information and a semi-structured interview using open-ended questions.

Analysis:

a phenomenologic-hermeneutic approach was used to identify major themes. Results: the findings showed that participants described four types of leadership styles: relational leadership, preferential leadership, communication chain leadership, and ineffectual leadership.

Conclusion:

the leadership style employed by nurse managers has a major impact on nurses' satisfaction, turnover, and the quality of patient care they deliver.
Knowledge and skills of critical care nurses in assisting with intubation
Authors: Williams Chris , Parry Andrew
Published: February 2018

Assisting with tracheal intubation is an aspect of clinical practice that requires knowledge and skill if the procedure is to be carried out in a timely and safe manner. Maintaining this knowledge and skill requires good quality education and regular opportunities to practise. These two factors appear to be inconsistent in critical care units. This article details an audit performed on a large tertiary referral centre critical care unit. It was undertaken in two phases: the first was a self-assessment of knowledge and the second was a practical assessment of the audit subjects in a simulated setting. Results indicated that formal training was inconsistent, as was the opportunity to assist with tracheal intubation. These factors may have contributed to the varying levels of skill seen in the practical assessment phase. The authors recommend devising a standardised training programme to address these issues, which could be distributed nationally. High standards need to be instilled early in critical care nurses' careers, with regular updates to maintain knowledge and skills.
From nurse to service user: a personal cancer narrative
Authors: Knight Anneyce
Published: February 2018

This article presents a snapshot of my experience of being a nurse who became a service user with breast cancer. It begins by outlining the Humanization of Healthcare Framework ( Todres et al, 2009 ), which is a values-based context that can be used to underpin daily care. Generic applications for each of the dimensions of the framework are suggested. This framework is then used to contextualise my experience of receiving my diagnosis and the ensuing chemotherapy. Using examples from my personal narrative, I make some recommendations for ‘small actions’ that can contribute to more humanised and person-centred care. I also hope that this narrative prompts reflection by the reader and so improves the quality of care given to others.
Support with nutrition for women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Gilmour Fiona , Williams Anne
Published: February 2018

Nurses are in a unique position to provide nutritional advice and information to women with breast cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy, supporting them with making decisions regarding nutrition and diet. This narrative review evaluated the research evidence relating to the nutritional challenges experienced during chemotherapy and the most effective approaches for supporting women in dietary choice. Weight gain was identified as a specific problem for women undergoing chemotherapy. The evidence indicated that information about nutrition and food preparation support may go some way in assisting women to overcome some of the nutrition-related difficulties experienced during chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer. However, further research is required to better inform person-centred nursing practice in this area.
Tal Pai, Tal Filho? Decisões coletivas tendo em conta relações familiares
Authors: Scalfoni Rigo Ariádne , Nascimento Ives Romero Tavares do , Brandão Pamela de Medeiros
Published: February 2018

Este caso de ensino visa promover a reflexão sobre outro agir econômico e modelos de gestão alternativos baseados nas relações de proximidade. Apresenta, nesse sentido, uma situação real, em uma comunidade do interior da Bahia, vivida por um Banco Comunitário de Desenvolvimento, experiência inovadora de finanças solidárias, não só no Brasil, como também no mundo no tocante a uma solicitação de crédito do senhor Francisco. Com o intuito de proteger seu filho Pedro, Francisco criou um dilema que Marta, agente de crédito do Banco Comunitário de Desenvolvimento, buscou resolver com o Comitê de Análise de Crédito, uma estrutura de decisão coletiva baseada em relações de vizinhança. A decisão não foi fácil e envolve muitas variáveis. O caso permitiu discutir a influência das relações comunitárias nas finanças solidárias, nas estruturas de gestão coletivas e na dinâmica dos Bancos Comunitários de Desenvolvimento.
MAPPING AND ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON MAJOR ROADS IN MINNA (CASE STUDY OF CHANCHAGA L.G.A)
Authors: Ajayi Oluibukun Gbenga , Oluwunmi Ayodeji Timothy , Odumosu Joseph Olayemi , Adewale Taiwo James
Published: February 2018

The level of urbanization in the developing world indicates that more people live in cities now than before. As urbanization increases, road usage also increases proportionately which sometimes introduce some strain to the existing road and as a consequence constitutes some impediments to free traffic flow. The situation described above is on the increase in Chanchaga Local Government Area of Niger State, an urban centre in North Central, Nigeria. In order to investigate the probable causes and degree of severity of this menace, an attempt has been made in this research to investigate and map out the nature of traffic congestion frequently experienced on some selected roads within Chanchaga LGA. These road networks include Kpakungun - Gidan Kwano road, Bosso-Mobil route, Bosso – Mekunkele route, Kpakungun – city gate road and Book roundabout – Mobil Route. Using a 1m Pan-Sharpened spatial resolution IKONOS Image, handheld GPS receivers, and manual traffic count, the traffic patterns of the selected road networks within the study area were assessed and mapped out. A Geo-Database was also designed for the routes which provide information about the road pavement condition, average traffic volume, adjacent land use, etc. Analysis of results and other queries performed revealed that the most probable causes of traffic congestion in Chanchaga LGA include narrow road width, bad road pavement and indiscriminate parking of vehicles along the road corridors, especially by commercial cab drivers. Conclusively, it was observed that the Kpakungun axis of Minna – Bida road is the most congested route of all the road networks considered, closely followed by the Bosso-Mobil Road. The traffic gridlock along these routes is most prominent on Mondays and Wednesdays (around 8 am and 4 pm) and also on Fridays (around 1-4pm). Also, a free traffic flow is often experienced on Saturdays by 8 am which gradually builds into a synchronized flow around the evening time on all the road networks considered.
Visual Working Memory Is Independent of the Cortical Spacing Between Memoranda
Authors: Harrison William J. , Bays Paul M.
Published: February 2018

The sensory recruitment hypothesis states that visual short-term memory is maintained in the same visual cortical areas that initially encode a stimulus' features. Although it is well established that the distance between features in visual cortex determines their visibility, a limitation known as crowding, it is unknown whether short-term memory is similarly constrained by the cortical spacing of memory items. Here, we investigated whether the cortical spacing between sequentially presented memoranda affects the fidelity of memory in humans (of both sexes). In a first experiment, we varied cortical spacing by taking advantage of the log-scaling of visual cortex with eccentricity, presenting memoranda in peripheral vision sequentially along either the radial or tangential visual axis with respect to the fovea. In a second experiment, we presented memoranda sequentially either within or beyond the critical spacing of visual crowding, a distance within which visual features cannot be perceptually distinguished due to their nearby cortical representations. In both experiments and across multiple measures, we found strong evidence that the ability to maintain visual features in memory is unaffected by cortical spacing. These results indicate that the neural architecture underpinning working memory has properties inconsistent with the known behavior of sensory neurons in visual cortex. Instead, the dissociation between perceptual and memory representations supports a role of higher cortical areas such as posterior parietal or prefrontal regions or may involve an as yet unspecified mechanism in visual cortex in which stimulus features are bound to their temporal order.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough much is known about the resolution with which we can remember visual objects, the cortical representation of items held in short-term memory remains contentious. A popular hypothesis suggests that memory of visual features is maintained via the recruitment of the same neural architecture in sensory cortex that encodes stimuli. We investigated this claim by manipulating the spacing in visual cortex between sequentially presented memoranda such that some items shared cortical representations more than others while preventing perceptual interference between stimuli. We found clear evidence that short-term memory is independent of the intracortical spacing of memoranda, revealing a dissociation between perceptual and memory representations. Our data indicate that working memory relies on different neural mechanisms from sensory perception.
Detecting Unattended Stimuli Depends on the Phase of Prestimulus Neural Oscillations
Authors: Harris Anthony M. , Dux Paul E. , Mattingley Jason B.
Published: February 2018

Neural oscillations appear important for perception and attention processes because stimulus detection is dependent upon the phase of 7–11 Hz oscillations before stimulus onset. Previous work has examined stimulus detection at attended locations, but it is unknown whether unattended locations are also subject to phasic modulation by ongoing oscillatory activity, as would be predicted by theories proposing a role for neural oscillations in organizing general neural processing. Here, we recorded brain activity with EEG while human participants of both sexes detected brief visual targets preceded by a spatial cue and determined whether performance for cued (attended) and uncued (unattended) targets was influenced by oscillatory phase across a range of frequencies. Detection of both attended and unattended targets depended upon an ∼5 Hz theta rhythm and an ∼11–15 Hz alpha rhythm. Critically, detection of unattended stimuli was more strongly modulated by the phase of theta oscillations than was detection of attended stimuli, suggesting that attentional allocation involves a disengagement from ongoing theta sampling. There was no attention-related difference in the strength of alpha phase dependence, consistent with a perceptual rather than attentional role of oscillatory phase in this frequency range. These results demonstrate the importance of neural oscillations in modulating visual processing at both attended and unattended locations and clarify one way in which attention may produce its effects: through disengagement from low-frequency sampling at attended locations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPast work on the interaction between oscillatory phase and neural processing has shown the involvement of posterior ∼7–11 Hz oscillations in visual processing. Most studies, however, have presented stimuli at attended locations, making it difficult to disentangle frequencies related to attention from those related to perception. Here, we compared the oscillatory frequencies involved in the detection of attended and unattended stimuli and found that ∼11–15 Hz oscillations were related to perception independently of attention, whereas ∼5 Hz oscillations were more prominent for the detection of unattended stimuli. This work demonstrates the importance of neural oscillations for mediating stimulus processing at both attended and unattended locations and clarifies the different oscillatory frequencies involved in attention and perception.
The Nucleus Reuniens Controls Long-Range Hippocampo–Prefrontal Gamma Synchronization during Slow Oscillations
Authors: Ferraris Maëva , Ghestem Antoine , Vicente Ana F. , Nallet-Khosrofian Lauriane , Bernard Christophe , Quilichini Pascale P.
Published: February 2018

Gamma oscillations are involved in long-range coupling of distant regions that support various cognitive operations. Here we show in adult male rats that synchronized bursts of gamma oscillations bind the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during slow oscillations and slow-wave sleep, a brain state that is central for consolidation of memory traces. These gamma bursts entrained the firing of the local HPC and mPFC neuronal populations. Neurons of the nucleus reuniens (NR), which is a structural and functional hub between HPC and mPFC, demonstrated a specific increase in their firing before gamma burst onset, suggesting their involvement in HPC–mPFC binding. Chemical inactivation of NR disrupted the temporal pattern of gamma bursts and their synchronization, as well as mPFC neuronal firing. We propose that the NR drives long-range hippocampo–prefrontal coupling via gamma bursts providing temporal windows for information exchange between the HPC and mPFC during slow-wave sleep.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLong-range coupling between hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is believed to support numerous cognitive functions, including memory consolidation occurring during sleep. Gamma-band synchronization is a fundamental process in many neuronal operations and is instrumental in long-range coupling. Recent evidence highlights the role of nucleus reuniens (NR) in consolidation; however, how it influences hippocampo–prefrontal coupling is unknown. In this study, we show that HPC and mPFC are synchronized by gamma bursts during slow oscillations in anesthesia and natural sleep. By manipulating and recording the NR–HPC–mPFC network, we provide evidence that the NR actively promotes this long-range gamma coupling. This coupling provides the hippocampo–prefrontal circuit with a novel mechanism to exchange information during slow-wave sleep.