bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tarquinia : un espace archéologique entre texte et image
Authors: Zampieri Chiara
Published: December 2024

Dans le cadre de cette contribution nous nous proposons d’analyser la représentation cinématographique de l’espace archéologique étrusque dans le documentaire Tarquinia de Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia qui a été produit en 1932 par Emilio Cecchi pour la maison cinématographique italienne Cines. Ce documentaire, qui est un documentaire touristique, sera également mis en relation avec la littérature viatique de la même époque. D’abord, il sera question d’introduire brièvement le documentaire en le situant dans la série de documentaires dont il fait partie. Ensuite, il s’agira d’analyser le documentaire pour mettre en avant les motifs et les stratégies narratives que le film de Bragaglia partage avec la prosa d’arte d’auteurs tels que Vincenzo Cardarelli et Alberto Savinio, mais aussi avec des récits de voyage comme Etruscan Places de l’écrivain britannique David Herbert Lawrence.
Etruscan Places on Page and Screen: Luchino Visconti’s Alleged Plagiarism of Giorgio Bassani
Authors: Piperno Martina
Published: December 2024

L’article étudie l’usage des références à l’archéologie étrusque dans deux œuvres de fiction : le film Sandra [Vaghe stelle dell’Orsa], réalisé par Luchino Visconti en 1965, et le livre Le Jardin des Finzi-Contini [Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini] de Giorgio Bassani, publié en 1962. Ces deux œuvres mobilisent des éléments issus de l’archéologie étrusque pour raconter des histoires liées à la mémoire de la Shoah. D’après Bassani, Visconti avait plagié son livre pour réaliser ce film. Cependant, cet essai démontre que, bien qu’il soit possible que le film ait en effet été inspiré par le livre, en particulier son prologue, les deux œuvres attribuent des significations distinctes et autonomes au décor et aux objets étrusques, ainsi qu’à la judéité des protagonistes.
Efficacy of aerobic exercise for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders receiving ART: An RCT
Authors: Nweke Martins , Mshunqane Nombeko
Published: December 2024

Background: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects an individual’s capacity for independence and engagement in everyday activities, posing challenges in environments with limited resources and low social support.Objectives: To ascertain the efficacy of exercise (AE) for activity and participation (AP) level in people with HAND.Method: This is a randomised controlled trial that is parallel-group in nature, with intention-to-treat analysis and disguised allocation. Seventy-three people with HAND in total were randomised at random to the AE and control groups. Three 20 -60-min sessions of moderate-intensity AE training on a cycle ergometer were included of the 12-week intervention. Individual tolerability served as the basis for progression. Three months after the intervention, at the conclusion of the intervention, and at the baseline, outcomes were measured. The AP constitutes the main outcome variable. To investigate the impact of AE on AP level, rank analysis of covariance was performed after log-transformation.Results: When comparing the AE to the control group, there were significant increases in social wellbeing AP (Cohen d = 0.550; p = 0.021), emotion AP (Cohen d = 0.641; p = 0.007) and overall AP level (Cohen d = 0.896; p  0.001). There was no discernible variation in AP across the groups three months following AE (Cohen d = 0.437; p = 0.067).Conclusion: AE induces a small increase in AP among individuals with HAND.Clinical Implications: For people with HAND, regular AE is a good way to manage AP restriction. Increasing AE participation may improve AP restriction.
Thromboembolic Events in Saudi Arabian Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Alkathem Jafar Ali , Hamida Soltan M. , Alshammasi Salma Shamel , Al-Sahwan Zainab Aziz , Alshahrani Rahaf Aedh , Al Abbas Layan Abdulmunem , Almughamsi Jouri Sami , Alsinan Salam Mufeed , Alawad Fatema Hani , Al Mohaini Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasingly recognised for their prevalence and health burden. These conditions share common risk factors such as older age, obesity, diabetes and hypertension, leading to complex interplays that exacerbate patient health outcomes. Recent studies have illuminated the relationship between CKD and AF, particularly noting an increased risk of thromboembolic events. This cross-sectional study aims to fill gaps in understanding the prevalence and risk factors of thromboembolism among CKD and AF patients in Saudi Arabia, enhancing the standard of care and patient outcomes.

Methods:

The study employed a cross-sectional design to explore the thromboembolic complications in Saudi Arabian patients with CKD and AF. Participants included individuals diagnosed with CKD and/or AF, with diverse demographics such as age and gender considered for eligibility. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, medical record reviews and patient interviews. The primary statistical methods included regression analysis and risk stratification, using standard statistical software to assess the correlation between risk factors and thromboembolic events.

Results:

The study involved 1836 participants, revealing significant associations between CKD, AF, hypertension, diabetes and the likelihood of receiving anticoagulation therapy. Notably, the duration of AF emerged as a key factor influencing treatment decisions. The findings highlighted the critical role of tailored approaches for managing thromboembolic risk in patients with CKD and AF, considering medical history and patient perspectives.

Conclusion:

This study provides crucial insights into the prevalence and risk factors of thromboembolic events in Saudi Arabian patients with CKD and AF. The findings emphasise the need for revised clinical practices, including targeted screening and management strategies. These results not only contribute to the existing literature but also underline specific risks in this demographic, advocating for improved public health awareness and intervention strategies. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive management approaches and signals new directions for future research in this field.
Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Saudi Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Alkathem Jafar Ali , Wasaya Hanan Muhammed Ismail , Alsubaie Seeta Shaye , Alseif Rihanna Yousef , Alloqmani Renad Hussein , Tayara Abdelwareth , Almulhem Shamayel , Alsuwaylih Mohammed Abdulmajeed , Alanazi Yousef Abdulhadi , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is experiencing a notable demographic shift, with a rising average age attributed to various factors. This demographic transition has led to significant changes in age distribution, particularly concerning the elderly population. Projections indicate that the proportion of elderly individuals in Saudi Arabia is expected to increase from 6.5% in 2016 to a substantial 25% by the year 2050. This demographic shift carries with it the anticipation of increased prevalence in common comorbidities, including cognitive impairment, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus, among others. The present study is designed to investigate the association and prevalence of CKD and cognitive impairment, along with their associated comorbidities in the elderly population of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2023 and August 2023. The study involved the distribution of a questionnaire among participants, focusing on elderly individuals diagnosed with either CKD or cognitive impairment. The sample was drawn from the general population of Saudi Arabia, comprising a total of 1137 participants. Among them, 22 (1.9%) individuals were diagnosed with CKD, and an equal number were diagnosed with cognitive impairment. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the relevant research ethics committee, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0.

Results:

The study sample consisted of 1137 participants, including 22 (1.9%) individuals diagnosed with cognitive impairments and 22 (1.9%) individuals diagnosed with CKD. A significance level of P < 0.05 was set. A linear regression model assessing the severity of CKD and cognitive impairment demonstrated a statistically significant relationship, with a beta coefficient of 0.816 (95% confidence interval: 0.689–0.943) and P < 0.001. In addition, patients with hypertension and diabetes or those with poor control of these comorbidities were more likely to report more severe cognitive impairment (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our study reveals a significant association between CKD and cognitive impairment in elderly patients in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, it highlights the higher likelihood of the presence of comorbidities in these patients. Early detection, monitoring and management of CKD and other comorbidities may play a crucial role in enhancing cognitive capacity and overall quality of life for these patients in the future.
The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on COVID-19 Outcomes in ICU Patients in Saudi Arabia, Cross Sectional
Authors: Aleid Ahmed Fadeil , Alfajih Hanin Ahmed , Albyali Shatha Yousif , Alghamdi Mada Abdullah , Mujahidalmarhoon Fatimah , Alluqmani Luran Ahmed , Almebki Rauof Ahmad , Alzahrani Lujain Ibrahim , Baowaydhan Rana Khalid , Al-Johani Amal Saleem , Alabdali Qasi Nasser , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb
Published: December 2024

Background:

SARS-CoV-2, alias COVID-19, has exerted overwhelming pressure on the healthcare facilities globally, particularly intensive care units (ICUs). Precautions and glycaemic details should be well complied with to avoid adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of this research was to assess the association between DM and the prognosis of adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.

Methodology:

The present study was a retrospective cohort study, in which all adult patients diagnosed with DM were admitted to Almoosa Specialist Hospital during July 2020–June 2021 and confirmed for COVID-19 through reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The sample of the study was calculated to be 1102 adult patients. To analyse the collected data, basic description statistics, Chi-square tests and Mann–Whitney U-tests were used, with IBM SPSS version 28 as the statistic software 0.

Results:

In the sample comprised 1102 patients, 51.2% had DM. Overall, the mean length of stay (LOS) in the hospital was 22 days, and in the ICU, it was 15 days. The prevalence of DM did not significantly affect hospital LOS or mechanical ventilation (MV) duration. However, patients with DM had a slightly longer ICU LOS compared to those without DM.

Conclusion:

While DM did not significantly impact hospital LOS or MV duration, the study also indicated that the use of remdesivir was linked to a somewhat longer duration in the ICU within patients inflicted with the virus. This points to the necessity of specialised approach and strict surveillance of patients with DM in the ICU. More investigation is required to enhance the outcomes for the population group.
Assessing Health Literacy and Decision-making Autonomy in Neurosurgical Patients: A Multi-centre Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alkhawajah Amnah Ali , Alshammary Alya A. , Aldawood Haya Fahad , Alshehri Munirah S. , Alqarni Reem A. , Alzaaqi Amal N. , Aljabr Abdulmajeed Abdulaziz , Almalki Sami F. , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: December 2024

Background:

Neurosurgery offers intricate treatments and patients’ informed decision-making is crucial for optimal health outcomes. This study investigates health literacy and decision-making autonomy amongst neurosurgical patients in Saudi Arabia, exploring the link between the two.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey involving 1542 neurosurgical patients across various age groups in Saudi Arabia was conducted. The study utilised a structured questionnaire to gauge health literacy and decision-making autonomy amongst participants recruited from multiple neurosurgical centres located throughout the country.

Results:

The total number of participants was 1542, and the analysis revealed varying levels of comprehension amongst participants concerning medical information about their neurosurgical conditions. A notable 31.4% assessed their understanding as ‘Good’, whereas 22.8% rated it as ‘Excellent’. Approximately 40.3% of neurosurgical patients in Saudi Arabia reported frequent engagement in reading health-related materials to acquire knowledge about their condition and available treatment options. Conversely, a concerning 25.6% disclosed that their healthcare providers never discussed the risks and benefits of different therapeutic options. Notably, 20.3% of patients expressed regular involvement in their treatment decisions. The study unveiled a robust positive correlation between health literacy and decision-making autonomy (r = 0.852, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Enhancing health literacy is paramount in empowering neurosurgical patients to make informed decisions regarding their treatments. The positive correlation between health literacy and decision-making autonomy underscores the importance of this facet for patient-centred care. Healthcare practitioners, particularly in neurosurgery, must prioritize initiatives that improve patient education, communication and active engagement in the decision-making process to optimize patient outcomes.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Prophylactic Pharmacological Agents in Preventing Surgical Site Infections amongst Saudi Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alsharif Munira Hatem , Al-Shaikhly Khalil N. , Al-Ruwaili Reem H. , Abohamad Ashwaq Sari , Jokhadar Abdulwahab Fahad , Hakami Mazen Mohammed , Almatrafi Amlak Salman , Alsaad Hussain Jawad , Albinsaad Loai Saleh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant concern in medical surgery, impacting patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Despite advances in surgical techniques and infection control practices, SSIs remain prevalent in post-operative care. Prophylactic pharmacological agents, particularly antibiotics, have become critical in preventing these infections. This study, set in Saudi Arabia, aims to assess the utilisation patterns of these agents, evaluate their effectiveness in preventing SSIs amongst adults and identify adherence gaps to prophylactic guidelines. This research addresses the literature gap on regional variations in prophylactic practices and their outcomes.

Methods:

Employing a cross-sectional design, this study targeted adult patients undergoing surgery in Saudi hospitals. The study included adults aged 18 and above who underwent surgical procedures involving prophylactic pharmacology, excluding patients with pre-existing infections or on long-term antibiotic therapy. The data were collected using structured questionnaires and hospital records, focusing on patient demographics, surgical details and prophylactic agent usage. Data analysis involved SPSS software, using descriptive statistics and Chi-squared tests, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:

The study’s key findings include a significant number of participants observing positive outcomes with the use of prophylactic agents. Most participants were satisfied with their surgical procedures and believed in the significant contribution of prophylactic agents to reducing SSI. The study also highlighted that patient characteristics and institutional policies influence the utilisation and efficacy of these agents.

Conclusion:

This study illuminates the use and effectiveness of prophylactic pharmacological agents in preventing SSIs amongst Saudi adults, revealing variations in their utilisation and impact. The findings underscore the need for tailored prophylactic strategies and adherence to guidelines. These insights open new avenues for research, particularly in personalised prophylactic protocols and educational interventions. The study enriches the understanding of SSI prevention and advocates for re-evaluation and expansion of current practices and guidelines in this area.
Inflammatory Eye Diseases and Central Nervous System Involvement in the Saudi Arabian Population: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alahmed Shog K. , Bawajeeh Nada M. , Algethami Lamyaa M. , Almutairi Jawza Ali , Almalki Sami Fadhel , Alsomali Abdulaziz
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The interconnection between inflammatory eye diseases and central nervous system (CNS) pathologies has emerged as a critical focus in medical research due to their shared developmental origins and overlapping disease manifestations. With the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Saudi Arabia presenting ocular symptoms in numerous cases and conditions such as Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome and Behçet’s disease being leading causes of uveitis, this study seeks to investigate the prevalence, clinical features and risk factors of CNS involvement in patients with inflammatory eye diseases within the Saudi population. The study places its objectives within the context of existing literature, emphasising the urgency for research given the clinical significance and current knowledge gaps in the region.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study design was employed, targeting individuals between 18 and 65 years diagnosed with inflammatory eye diseases across multiple eye clinics and hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using structured questionnaires in Arabic and English, focusing on detailed clinical assessments. Convenience sampling was utilised to determine the sample size, ensuring adequate representation and statistical power. Ethical considerations were observed, with ethical approval obtained from King Faisal University’s committee, and informed consent was ensured for all participants.

Results:

The study found a significant burden of inflammatory eye diseases amongst participants, with a notable percentage reporting CNS-related symptoms. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between CNS involvement and inflammatory eye diseases. A positive correlation was observed between the severity of eye diseases and CNS involvement, indicating that increased severity in ocular conditions could be predictive of CNS complications.

Conclusion:

This study highlights a significant association between inflammatory eye diseases and CNS involvement in the Saudi Arabian population, suggesting a shared pathophysiological link. The correlation between disease severity and CNS impact underscores the need for vigilant clinical assessment and comprehensive care strategies. These findings advocate for increased awareness and further research to improve patient outcomes, emphasising the importance of a holistic approach to patient care in this domain.
Assessing the Role of Laparoscopic Techniques in the Management of Colorectal Cancer: A Comparative Study in Saudi Arabia, with a Focus on Cost-effectiveness
Authors: Hassan Nifin , Alhawsawi Hasan Ali , Alshaiban Saleh Hussain , Saeed Ziyad Saad , Alasmari Yazeed Yahya , Alslatin Hussien Said Al Rasi , Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alessa Mohammed Yousef
Published: December 2024

Background:

Colorectal cancer treatment involves complex surgical management were technique choice impacts outcomes. This study investigates laparoscopic approaches’ role compared to open surgery regarding cost-effectiveness within Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey involved 1508 Saudi participants with varied demographics. A validated questionnaire evaluated familiarity with laparoscopic techniques, preferences, cost perceptions, post-operative implications, satisfaction and barriers. Descriptive analyses characterised responses. Regression tested associations.

Results:

Most were young, male students from western provinces. Familiarity with laparoscopy varied considerably. While 12.6% underwent surgery, 31.3% received laparoscopic procedures. Cost-effectiveness emerged as an important consideration for 12.6%. However, 70.9% perceived no significant cost difference. Likert analyses estimated laparoscopy favourably regarding costs and resource usage. Regression uncovered strong negative correlations between laparoscopy and both expenditures/complications. Notably, 68.5% believed laparoscopy reduced complications greatly, while 93.7% associated higher satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Participants’ perceptions largely aligned with evidence-based advantages of laparoscopic approaches, including short hospital stays, minimal resource demands, reduced post-operative implications and optimised satisfaction levels. Cost perceptions require reinforcement. Barriers restricting wider implementation necessitate attention. Overall findings support expanding utilisation of laparoscopic techniques for positively influencing colorectal cancer management outcomes and value within Saudi healthcare systems.
Hyponatremia as an adverse event during Achhasneha – An observation
Authors: Krishnakumar V. , Kumar PP Pradeep , Saniya C. K.
Published: December 2024

Hyponatremia is defined as serum sodium <135 MEq/L. It is due to the imbalance in the proportion where total body water exceeds the total body electrolytes. Total body water is the total of the Extra Cellular Fluid (ECF) and the Intra Cellular Fluid (ICF). Sodium is the major electrolyte in the ECF and potassium in the ICF. Achhasneha (~administration of unctuous substance exclusively) is the therapeutic procedure of administration of unctuous substances in pure form orally, without mixing with any medicine or food or any other route. The presented case was admitted to the Ayurveda hospital for treatment of keratoconus. The patient developed hyponatremia during Achhasneha, which is a rare occurrence, with limited published scientific literature in this regard. On the 4th day of Achhasneha, the patient complained of Shiroruka (~headache) and Bhrama (~dizziness) from 9 am onward. Manifestations of Sneha jiryamana lakshana (~symptoms during digestion of ghee) were noticed. He was advised to rest and drink lukewarm water in small amounts (Ushna-alpavari) to aid the digestion of ghee. At around 2 pm, he complained of Shiroruka, Jadya (~dullness), Balakshaya (~loss of physical strength), Mukha shosha (~dryness of mouth) and went into Tandra (~lassitude), and Murchha (~syncope). He was prescribed with 20 mL of Dashamoolarishta (20 mL) and 125 mg of Gorochanadi gulika. Relief in the symptoms was noticed after 30 min. He was later advised to take rice gruel mixed with salt in his diet. The probable diagnosis inferred for the condition was euvolemic hypotonic mild hyponatremia of chronic origin. The presented case provided an insight into the untoward events and adverse effects of Snehapana during the treatment, further, alarming the physician to stay alert and to suspect hyponatremia during the Acchasneha, as its symptoms mimic that of Snehajiryamanalakshana. It is crucial to take a detailed medical history that links different symptoms and presentations, meticulously record every incident that occurs throughout Achhasneha, anticipate specific adverse events, and promptly address them within time.
Ayurvedic management of dry eye syndrome: A case report
Authors: Jinoop P. , Bavalatti Narayan , Rajagopala Manjusha
Published: December 2024

Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial pathological condition that affects the tear film and ocular surface resulting in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. Dry eye syndrome may be correlated with Shushkakshipaka (~xerophthalmia), a Sarvakshigata roga mentioned in Ayurveda classics. A surge in cases of dry eye has been observed in recent times due to changes in the environment and associated with increasing screen time. This case report aims to present a case of dry eye syndrome that was successfully managed following the Ayurvedic approach. A 48-year-old male patient presented to the outpatient department with heaviness and dryness in both eyes for 18 months. On examination, Schirmer’s test showed 5 mm in both eyes, and Tear breakup time (TBUT) showed 2 s and 7 s in the right and left eye, respectively. The patient was given Ayurveda management that includes Anu taila pratimarsha nasya, Vicharana snehapana, and Ashchyotana with the internal administration of Mahatriphala ghrita, Saptamrita loha along with lid massage using Avartita (21) Ksheerabala taila for two months. The management resulted in an improvement in the Schirmer’s value to 24 mm and 26 mm and TBUT of 16 s and 14 s in the right and left eye, respectively. The management protocol adopted in the present case includes internal medicines and customized procedures having Vata–pitta shamaka, Shoshahara, and Rasayana properties, which helped to resolve the chief complaints.
Holistic management of illness anxiety disorder (Gadodvega) in a patient after coronary angioplasty: A case study
Authors: Saurabh Sarveshwar , Savitha H. P. , Shankar M. Vinay , Jadhav Amol Dynaneshwar
Published: December 2024

Gadodvega (~hypochondriasis) is one of the psychiatric disorders mentioned in Ayurveda, which is characterized by excessive suspicion and fear of having some diseases. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 also describes a similar psychiatric condition – Illness anxiety disorder (IAD) which is defined by excessive worry about having or developing a serious undiagnosed medical condition. People with IAD experience persistent anxiety or fear of developing or having a serious medical illness despite normal physical examination and laboratory testing results. In this case report, a 55-year-old male patient reported concern, anxiousness, and repetitive thoughts of having some medical illness to the outpatient department. The patient also had somatic complaints of dizziness and generalized weakness. The symptoms appeared soon after the patient had undergone coronary angioplasty seven months back. The patient was admitted to the inpatient department and treated with a combination of Panchakarma therapies (~internal bio-cleansing therapies), internal medications, motivational counseling, Yogasana (~Yogic posture), Pranayama (~breathing exercises), and relaxation therapy along with Mahamrityunjaya mantra chanting. The patient was assessed based on signs, symptoms, and Health Anxiety Index (HAI) scale. The patient showed significant improvement in signs and symptoms during his hospital stay and follow-up along with a significant reduction in HAI scoring from 55 to 12. Thus, it can be inferred that Gadodvega or IAD can be efficiently treated through a holistic approach of Daivavyapashraya (~spiritual therapy), Yuktivyapashraya (~logic-based treatment), and Satvavajaya chikitsa (~counselling).
Comparative evaluation of two techniques of shade matching – VITA shade guide under color-corrected light and digital application DentHue with VITA shade guide under natural light: A double blind, randomized control trial
Authors: Ingle Pushpal , Srinidhi S. R.
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare two techniques of shade matching using VITA shade guide under color-corrected light and mobile application DentHue with VITA shade guide under natural light.

Materials and Methods:

100 subjects were selected for the study. The visual assessment was based on a comparison between a shade guide and the target tooth. The shade of the tooth was assessed using VITA classical shade guide in natural daylight, using VITA shade guide with a color-corrected light (true light) and a mobile application DentHue. The shade matching using color-corrected light and with the application was compared with that done by VITA shade guide.

Results:

It was found that there were 69 (69%) correct identifications of the shade when matched under color-corrected light while 31 (31%) were incorrectly identified. It was also found that there were 38 (38%) correct identifications performed by DentHue while there were 62 (62%) incorrect identifications of the shade. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The use of color-corrected light demonstrated superior accuracy in shade matching using the VITA shade guide as compared to DentHue.
Biomimetic remineralization of eroded dentin by synergistic effect of calcium phosphate and plant-based biomodifying agents: An in vitro study
Authors: Ingle Aditya S. , Devadiga Darshana , Jain Nainy , Bhardwaj Shreeya
Published: December 2024

Context:

Dentin, due to its organic content, exhibits a high susceptibility to dental erosion owing to its high permeability to intrinsic acids. A crucial challenge for successful remineralization of demineralized dentin is reestablishing a complete spatial relationship between the mineral and collagen.

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) with plant-based dentin biomodifying agents: Grape seed extract (GSE), green tea extract (GTE), and cranberry extract (CE) on biomimetic remineralization of eroded dentin.

Settings and Design:

Dentin samples were prepared and subjected to surface microhardness (SMH) analysis at baseline followed by erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid (0.01M) and pH cycling with citric acid (0.05M) and artificial saliva. The samples in all the groups except the control were subjected to surface treatments: CPP-ACPF, GSE + CPP-ACPF, GTE + CPP-ACPF, and CE + CPP-ACPF.

Subjects and Methods:

Samples from all the groups were subjected to Vickers Hardness Tester for Post Treatment SMH analysis. Samples were qualitatively evaluated for changes in ultramorphological characteristics of dentin surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and were quantitatively analyzed for changes in the calcium (Ca)/phosphorous (P) ratio using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, paired samples test, and Tukey HSD test. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The samples pretreated with GSE showed the highest mean SMH followed by GTE and CE. The difference in % change was significant when GSE was compared to GTE and CE (P = 0.001 and P = 0.000, respectively). SEM pictomicrographs of demineralized dentin samples revealed enlarged and exposed dentinal tubules, and most of these tubules were unobstructed with no obvious sediments. Samples treated with test agents demonstrated amorphous crystal-like deposits occluding the dentinal tubules with higher incidence observed in the groups treated with the combination of the agents. EDAX analysis revealed the highest mean wt% of Ca and P in groups pretreated with GSE followed by GTE and CE. GSE showed the highest mean Ca/P ratio followed by CE and GTE.

Conclusions:

The findings of this study demonstrated a synergistic effect when CPP-ACPF was used after pretreatment with plant-based dentin biomodifying agents in causing biomimetic remineralization of eroded dentin.
Curved paths: A comprehensive review and case insights into root canal anatomy
Authors: Parikh Hetvi , Bharatiya Rajendra , Ujariya Urvashi , Kothari Anjali
Published: December 2024

Endodontic therapy conserves the natural tooth by treating diseased pulp and promoting periapical healing. Curved root canals pose challenges in transportation, ledges, perforations, and instrument separation, impacting treatment results. Effective assessment and management are essential. Methodologies such as Schneider’s and Weine’s techniques, along with cone-beam computed tomography, refine the accuracy of curvature measurements. Proper techniques, involving anti-curvature filling and tactile controlled activation, are pivotal for successful treatment. Understanding root canal curvature and employing applicable approaches are vital for minimizing the complications and refining treatment success. An acclimatized approach grounded on curvature characteristics enhances endodontic sequels. This article reviews the cases involving patients with curved root canals, emphasizing treatment avenues and outcomes.
Green coffee infusion: An endodontic elixir
Authors: Chondamma Tanya , Cariappa Ponappa Muckatira , Ponnappa K. C. , Shashidara R.
Published: December 2024

Context:

Irrigation is a critical component in accessing the labyrinth of the pulp space. Although traditional irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) are widely employed, they exhibit several limitations, including cytotoxicity and complete microbial eradication. In contrast, phytochemicals derived from plants, including coffee, present promising alternatives due to their established antimicrobial properties.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intracanal irrigants derived from locally cultivated Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (Robusta) varieties, both recognized for their antimicrobial attributes.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 70 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared. Coffee extracts were prepared through a decoction method, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these extracts were determined using microbroth dilution assays. Microbial growth was quantitatively assessed at predetermined intervals.

Results:

Green Robusta extracts exhibited antimicrobial effectiveness at lower concentrations of 25% and 12.5%. All coffee extract groups demonstrated substantial reductions in microbial counts compared to the negative control, with Robusta extracts proving particularly efficacious. Notably, the Robusta green 12.5% extract exhibited sustained antimicrobial efficacy, suggesting its potential as an alternative to NaOCl.

Conclusions:

The findings of this study suggest a novel approach to improving endodontic therapy outcomes through the utilization of coffee extracts, potentially enhancing dental health.
Endocrown-retained fixed partial dentures: Revolutionizing tooth restoration or risky business? A finite element study
Authors: Muthukumar Nivedha , Natarajan Parthasarathy , Kumar Seenivasan Madhan , Natarajan Shanmuganathan
Published: December 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to compare the biomechanical performance of endocrown-retained and post-and-core-retained fixed partial dentures (FPDs), focusing on stress distribution, tensile, and shear stress.

Materials and Methods:

Finite element analysis was used to simulate occlusal loading on two FPD designs: endocrown-retained zirconia and post-and-core-retained zirconia which were subjected to a simulated occlusal load of 150 N. Stress distribution was analyzed using von Mises stress, tensile stress, and shear stress. Material properties for zirconia, resin cement, enamel, dentin, bone, Periodontal ligament (PDL), and fiber post were incorporated.

Results:

The endocrown design showed lower von Mises stress (176.35 MPa) than the post-and-core design (298.29 MPa). It also had lower shear stress at the cement interface and reduced stress on abutment teeth.

Conclusion:

Endocrown-retained FPDs provide better stress distribution and structural integrity, offering a reliable, minimally invasive option for restoring endodontically treated molars.

Clinical Significance:

Endocrown retained 3-unit fixed partial denture can be a promising alternative to the fiber-post retained FPD for restoring molars with extensive tooth loss.
Probing the Clinical, Laboratory, and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Malaria: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Upadhyay Ritesh , Dhumale Annasaheb J. , Dehariya Chanchlesh , Waghmare Renu , Rangari Amit
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The National Malaria Elimination Program (NMEP) has helped reduce the mortality from malaria in India, and there are alarmingly high mortality rates from anemia in certain geographical regions.

Aim:

To assess the clinical, laboratory, and sociodemographic factors associated with malaria from P. falciparum and P. vivax.

Methods:

This retrospective record-based clinical study subjects with malaria were further divided into P. vivax and P. falciparum cases. In all the cases, the clinical, laboratory, and sociodemographic factors were assessed. Data gathered were analyzed statistically.

Results:

During the study period, 222 cases of malaria were assessed where 22.52% (n = 50) and 74.48% (n = 172) cases were due to P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. Hepatomegaly was common in P. falciparum cases and splenomegaly in P. vivax cases. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 58.1% (n = 100) and 72% (n = 36) subjects with P. vivax and P. falciparum cases. No significant difference was seen in other laboratory parameters.

Conclusions:

Clinical, laboratory, and sociodemographic factors associated with malaria from P. falciparum and P. vivax have no statistically significant difference.
Personalized Nursing and Precision Nursing: A Concept of the Future of the Health Model
Authors: Besharati Saeid , Kalaleh Azam Rahimzadeh
Published: December 2024

The advent of the biomedical data era has significantly propelled the advancement of personalized nursing and precision nursing (2PN). By utilizing comprehensive patient data, 2PN facilitates early screening, health management, and timely interventions, thereby enhancing disease prognosis and population health outcomes efficiently. This literature review identifies relevant electronic publications from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC, covering articles from 2019 to 2024. The keywords included “precision nursing,” “personalized nursing,” “precision care,” and “nursing health care” from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were analyzed. The study underscores the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration to thoroughly integrate 2PN concepts into nursing practice and highlights the pivotal role of biomedical big data in advancing 2PN. Various dimensions of 2PN were explored, demonstrating its significance in clinical practice, research, education, and nursing management. The findings support the development of strategic health plans aimed at improving individual, family, and societal health.
Identification of Putative Toxicophores in Annona muricata Phytochemical and their Hepatotoxic Potential
Authors: Castro Alexander Carlo S. , Austria Brianne M. , Nas John Sylvester B.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Traditional herbal medicine is popular in Southeast and East Asia, particularly in the Philippines. Among the most widely utilized herbal remedies in this region is soursop or Annona muricata. Soursop is known for its numerous therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antipyretic, antibacterial, and even anticancer activities. However, the wide availability and affordability of soursop, coupled with its promising medicinal properties, may lead to potential misuse or overuse, particularly among terminally ill patients. We hypothesize that the phytochemicals in the fruit pulp of A. muricata, which contain toxicophores, may contribute to its potential hepatotoxic effects. This study aims to explore whether A. muricata exhibits hepatotoxic properties.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the phytochemicals present in the fruit pulp of A. muricata. The potential toxicophores of these identified phytochemicals were then assessed through in silico analysis. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the binding affinity of each phytochemical with various hepatic enzymes.

RESULTS:

Our findings show that approximately half of the identified phytochemicals were predicted to possess hepatotoxic properties, potentially impairing liver function. Phytochemicals identified with toxic substructures include 2-methoxyphenol, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid, chromocor, 2-isopropyl-3-phenyl, 4-oxide quinoxaline, 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid methyl ester, 5-methyl-2 (3H)-furanone, tributyl aconitate, butyl citrate, tributyl acetyl citrate, 4-hydroxy-beta-ionone, and 1,2-diiodoethane. However, only six of these phytochemicals demonstrated high binding affinities with gamma-glutamyl transferase, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6, with most also showing high absorbability.

CONCLUSION:

These results suggest that the potential hepatotoxicity of soursop may be linked to altered drug metabolism and reduced glutathione biosynthesis. Consequently, the consumption of A. muricata should be regulated until further in vitro and in vivo studies provide conclusive evidence to the contrary.
Screening the Subsistence of Bacterial Propagation in Different Units of Tertiary Hospitals in Bangladesh Along with Their Drug Susceptible Pattern
Authors: Shom Pranto , Sultana Raquiba , Rahaman Md. Habibur , Sushree Susmita Banik , Supti Mahima Hossain , Sayem Md. A. R. M. , Acharjee Mrityunjoy
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Antibiotic resistance is concerning since it has been associated with higher mortality and healthcare expenditures, especially for patients, physicians, and the healthcare system. In order to address the significant issue of antibiotic-resistant patterns of pathogen, the current research aimed to isolate hospital-acquired bacterial stains from the premises of many private and public medical college hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

To conduct this study, the samples were collected from different units, for example, intensive care unit, general ward, gynecological ward, emergency ward and outdoor unit, employing swab technique method, and transferred aseptically in the Microbiology Laboratory of Stamford University Bangladesh. The drug-resistant profile of the isolates was estimated through the disk-diffusion method.

RESULTS:

The pattern of resistance of the isolates was clearly evident against seven different antibiotics such as cefexime (5 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), Co-Trimoxazole (25 μg), cefuroxime (30 μg), gentamycin (10 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg), and Polymyxin B (300 μg). According to our findings, Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Bacillus anthracis, and Haemophilus influenza showed resistance against all the antibiotics except gentamycin (10 μg).

CONCLUSION:

The study revealed the multidrug resistance in clinically identified pathogens which is very alarming and could be the prime reason for spading the nosocomial infection.
Geothermal data from southeastern New Brunswick: implications for potential geothermal energy projects and carbon sequestration in eastern Canada
Authors: Keighley Dave , DeLuca Joseph
Published: December 2024

To date, assessing the feasibility of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) in New Brunswick has been limited by the lack of information pertaining to geothermal gradients. Existing maps have incorporated less than a dozen datapoints, mostly from dedicated investigations in and adjacent to the central uplands that cross the province from southwest to northeast. To supplement this data, provincial records that report Bottom Hole Temperatures from exploration boreholes have been reviewed and coarsely filtered for dubious data. This process has contributed over 100 additional datapoints in the southeastern half of the province that have been converted to geothermal gradients to supplement previous maps. The updated geothermal map of southeastern New Brunswick indicates that geothermal gradients across the region average ~20.5 K/km, which is below the global average of 25 K/km. Locally, however, potential anomalies exist where geothermal gradients are well above the global average. These anomalies, pending further assessment, are associated with relatively shallow-depth salt intrusions. Elsewhere, the presence of high geothermal conductivity salt deposits has produced “salt chimneys” whereby overlying, near-surface rocks have steeper geothermal gradients than adjacent regions. Accordingly, whereas average values for regional geothermal gradients are not conducive to economic large-scale EGS using current technologies and may also lower the potential for economic sequestration of supercritical CO2, small-scale, lower temperature, shallow, geothermal systems may be feasible in localities associated with salt intrusions, particularly if further analysis supports a “salt-chimney” effect.
Kirby belts, categorified projectors, and the skein lasagna module of $S^{2} \times S^{2}$
Authors: Sullivan Ian , Zhang Melissa
Published: December 2024

We interpret Manolescu–Neithalath’s cabled Khovanov homology formula for computing Morrison–Walker–Wedrich’s

\mathrm{KhR}_{2}

skein lasagna module as a homotopy colimit (mapping telescope) in a completion of the category of complexes over Bar-Natan’s cobordism category. Using categorified projectors, we compute the

\mathrm{KhR}_{2}

skein lasagna modules of (manifold, boundary link) pairs

(S^{2} \times B^{2}, \tilde{\beta})

, where

\tilde{\beta}

is a geometrically essential boundary link, identifying a relationship between the lasagna module and the Rozansky projector appearing in the Rozansky–Willis invariant for nullhomologous links in

S^{2} \times S^{1}

. As an application, we show that the

\mathrm{KhR}_{2}

skein lasagna module of

S^{2} \times S^{2}

is trivial, confirming a conjecture of Manolescu.
Multiple liver metastases of unknown origin: A case report
Authors: Wang Ying-Jin , Liu Ze-Chuan , Wang Jian , Yang Yin-Mo
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The liver is the most common site of digestive system tumor metastasis, but not all liver metastases can be traced back to the primary lesions. Although it is unusual, syphilis can impact the liver, manifesting as syphilitic hepatitis with inflammatory nodules, which might be misdiagnosed as metastasis.

CASE SUMMARY

This case report involves a 46-year-old female who developed right upper abdominal pain and intermittent low fever that persisted for more than three months. No definitive diagnosis of a tumor had been made in the past decades, but signs of multiple liver metastases were recognized after a computed tomography scan without evidence of primary lesions. With positive serological tests for syphilis and a biopsy of the liver nodules, a diagnosis of hepatic syphilis was made and confirmed with follow-up nodule reduction after anti-syphilis therapy.

CONCLUSION

Clinicians must be aware of the possibility that syphilis can cause hepatic inflammatory masses, especially when liver metastasis is suspected without evidence of primary lesions. A definitive diagnosis should be established in conjunction with a review of the patient’s medical history for accurate therapeutic intervention.
Unraveling the landscape of pediatric pancreatic tumors: Insights from Japan
Authors: Lampridis Savvas
Published: December 2024

Pediatric pancreatic tumors, though rare, pose significant diagnostic and management challenges. The recent, 22-year nationwide survey on pediatric pancreatic tumors in Japan by Makita et al offers valuable insights into this uncommon entity, revealing striking geographical variations and questioning current treatment paradigms. This editorial commentary analyzes the study's key findings, including the predominance of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms and their younger age of onset, which contrast sharply with Western data. It explores the implications for clinical practice and research, emphasizing the need for population-specific approaches to diagnosis and treatment. The revealed limited institutional experience and surgical management patterns prompt a reevaluation of optimal care delivery for these complex cases, suggesting benefits of centralizing healthcare services. Furthermore, the commentary advocates for international collaborative studies to elucidate the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influencing the development and progression of pediatric pancreatic tumors across diverse populations. It also outlines future directions, calling for advancements in precision medicine and innovative care delivery models to improve global patient outcomes. Unraveling Makita et al 's findings within the broader landscape of pediatric oncology can stimulate further research and clinical advancements in managing pancreatic and other rare tumors in children.