bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Neural Network Technologies in Prediction the Reservoir Properties of Unconsolidated Reservoir Rocks of Shallow Bitumen Deposits
Authors: Validov Marat F , Nurgaliev Danis K , Sudakov Vladislav A , Murtazin Timur A , Golod Kseniya A , Galimova Albina R , Shamsiev Ruslan R , Lutfullin Azat A , Amerhanov Marat I , Aslyamov Niyaz A
Published: October 2021

In the conditions of the dynamically changing conjuncture of the oil and gas market, there is an urgent need to reduce the cost of oil production and increase the efficiency of development, this is especially important for the local ultra-viscous oil. In this regard, it is necessary to optimize costs at all stages, starting from the geological exploration and even at the stage of completion of the development process. For ultra-viscous oil deposits, this is especially relevant at the stage of assessing the resource potential of a separate uplift of any of the fields, when the only reliable way to perform a high-frequency section at shallow depths is to drill appraisal wells with full core sampling. An additional load is exerted by the period between core extraction and obtaining information about the flow properties of each of the samples. By themselves, standard core studies are complicated by the fact that sand rocks of weakly cemented bitumoids can often be destroyed during experiments.

In this regard, the use of new approaches, including digital ones, which allow us to make quick decisions on a part of the geological section in the area of the appraisal well and on the uplift as a whole, are highly in demand.

This article describes the methods that allow the determining of flow properties for uncemented (loose sands) rocks in Permian sediments. More than 25,000 core samples were studied from 805 wells at several fields of the Republic of Tatarstan.

The technology used allows us to calculate a continuous curve of volumetric bitumen saturation in the conditions of complete or partial absence of core at the well.

This paper presents the results of creating an algorithm for automatic prediction of weight bitumen saturation in a sand pack of the Sheshminsky horizon of the Permian system using neural network technologies, as well as using an alternative calculation method.
The Implementation of Laser Shaft Alignment System on Rotating Machines in the Bulla Field, Platform 6
Authors: Bayramov Rovshan , Asgarov Emil
Published: October 2021

Shaft misalignment is a common fault in rotating machines in the industry. Inadequate coupling alignment of rotating shafts often results in serious vibration problems and premature machine component failure. This article introduces the concept of using a laser shaft alignment system to improve equipment reliability, maintenance efficiency, and reduce rotating component wear.

This paper explores the concept of implementation of laser shaft alignment system on rotating machines in the Bulla field, Platform 6. For this purpose, an appropriate tool has been selected for further implementation. As compared to a traditional mechanical method, the proposed electronic approach has more accurate results and optimize the performance gained via the previous techniques. Additionally, the application of the proposed system is user friendly and faster compared to the previous method. The measurement procedure is issued as per system manufacturer recommendation, and manufacturer video training will be submitted to appropriate maintenance staff.

The novelty of the approach is to increase the reliability of rotating machines on Platform 6 in the Bulla field and develop Company maintenance processes by implementing a new laser measurement system.
A Fast Method of Selecting Offshore Oil Well Candidates for Multi Zone Cased Hole Frac Pack or Open Hole Completions for CNPC-Dagang Zhaodong Mature Oilfield: Case Study
Authors: Wang Heqiang , Chi Chengliang , Wang Ziyu , Zhou Shubo , Ma Xifeng , Wang Zichao , Zhang Wendi
Published: October 2021

To remain economical, mature offshore oil fields require unique, time-efficient and cost-efficient drilling and completion operations for each well. This paper is a case study of a rapid selection method for determining the operational process for each offshore oil well candidate and its application in the Zhaodong oilfield.

In mature oilfields, maintaining production requires drilling and completing sidetrack wells. There are 3 key steps to rapidly selecting the most suitable drilling, completion and operational strategy for each well. First, review historical production data and operational costs to set production targets for each well. Second, evaluate the potential drilling and completion operations both technically and economically to achieve the target. Third, optimize the selected operations based on prior field application and production results.

This process was applied with newly sidetracked wells in the Zhaodong oilfield. The wells were either completed using a multi-zone cased hole fracturing technique or an open hole completion technique, per the selection process. One candidate well completed with the multi-zone fracturing technique had a daily production rate of 134 tons of oil, and another candidate well completed with an open hole technique had a production rate of 236 tons of oil. These two wells were the most prolific in the Zhaodong oilfield.

Using relatively basic engineering work integrated with simple economic calculations, this methodology is far less complicated and costly than computer simulation modeling for the operator. The performance in the Zhaodong oilfield reinforces this methodology used for selecting the proper candidate and completion process, providing more value and confidence for offshore operators.
Waterflood Analysis in Compartmentalised Reservoir Using Multiwell Retrospective Testing and Tracers
Authors: Shilanbayev Batyrzhan , Balimbayev Bekzhan , Aslanyan Arthur , Rushana Farakhova , Zinurov Linar , Gulyaev Danila , Krichevsky Vladimir
Published: October 2021

The study field consists of four oil pays and is currently going through a waterflood trial.

Due to a presence of high amplitude faulting it becomes crucially important to understand the geology of the field and reservoir connectivity prior to progressing the waterflood project.

The results of the cross-well tracers have indication (some strong and some vague) of communication between a trial water injector and all oil producers in the same and adjacent compartment.

Since the wells were equipped with permanent downhole pressure gauges it was possible to decipher the cross-well communication using the Multiwell Retrospective Testing (MRT) technique based on multiwell deconvolution algorithm (MDCV).

The results of MRT study were showing no traceable communication between trial water injector and offset wells in adjacent compartment except one producer which showed a strong response across the fault.

By correlating the MRT results with seismic profile and well completion it became possible to establish how exactly the main pay is communicating between the compartments.

It also carried few learning points on how to interpret results of cross-well tracers and MRT in terms of reservoir properties.
How to Find the Reservoir Boundaries? Integrated Application of Seismic Attribute Analysis and Welltest on the Miocene Sediments of White Tiger Field, Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam
Authors: Kurbanov Vasif , Chvertkov Andrey , Panarina Ekaterina
Published: October 2021

The development of clastic reservoirs can be complicated by heterogeneity both along the section and along the strike of the formations, therefore, an extended set of studies is especially necessary at such objects, both during drilling and during production. To determine the structure of the void, seismic surveys are usually used, which are limited in scale. An additional tool for defining geological boundaries is well. Well testing carried out in a timely manner, together with the analysis of production data, attribute analysis and geophysical survey data in the open hole, made it possible to identify the heterogeneity of the drainage zone in the early stages of operation and adjust the volume of geological reserves, therefore, to predict production with the highest degree of reliability.
Sweep Improvement Options for Highly Heterogeneous Reservoirs with High Temperature and Ultra-High Salinity: A Case Study in Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Yuan Chengdong , Pu Wanfen , Varfolomeev Mikhail Alekseevich , Mustafin Aidar Zamilevich , Tan Tao , Zhao Shuai , Liu Rui
Published: October 2021

How to control excessive water production in high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs has always been a challenge, which has been facing many oil reservoirs in Tarim Basin (China), such as Y2 reservoir with an average temperature of 107 ℃, salinity of 213900 mg/L (Ca2++Mg2+>11300mg/L), and permeability from 2 to 2048 mD. In this work, we present experimental studies to determine the potential EOR process for Y2 reservoir from foam flooding, polymer gel/foam flooding, and microgel/surfactant flooding.

To simulate the permeability heterogeneity of Y2 reservoir, a 2-D sand-pack model was used for flooding experiments. Vertically, three layers (first 0.6cm, second 0.8cm and third 1.6cm from top to bottom, respectively) were packed with different size sand to simulate permeability heterogeneity (permeability increases from first to third layer). A 0.3 cm higher permeability zone was also filled inside third layer. Horizontally, permeability gradually decreases from middle to two sides. In this model, injection well was vertical, and production well was horizontal. The effect of impermeable interlayer was also studied by isolating the second and third layer.

The results show that conformance treatments using in-situ crosslinked gel or micro-gel are necessary before foam or surfactant injection under a high permeability heterogeneity. When an impermeable interlayer existed between the second and third layer, the additional oil recovery of N2 foam flooding, in-situ crosslinked gel/N2 foam flooding, and microgel/surfactant flooding was 16.34%, 20.37%, 17.50%, respectively, which was much higher than that without impermeable interlayer (9.84%, 13.62%, 12.07%). This implies that when multiple layers exist, crossflow between layers is unfavorable for improving oil recovery, which should be paid extra attention in EOR process. Foam flooding has not only a good mobility control capacity but also a good oil displacement ability (verified by visual observations of washed sand after experiments), which, together with the strong conformance control ability of crosslinked gel, makes in-situ crosslinked gel/N2 foam flooding yield the highest displacement efficiency. Generally, for high-temperature and ultra-high-salinity reservoirs with strong heterogeneity like Y2 reservoir, in-situ crosslinked gel/foam flooding can be a good candidate for EOR.

This work provides a potential EOR method with high efficiency, i.e. in-situ crosslinked gel assisted N2 foam flooding, for the development of similar reservoirs like Y2 with high temperature, ultra-high salinity, high heterogeneity and multiple layers. Moreover, this work also highlights that, despite that foam has the ability of mobility and profile control, a conformance treatment is necessary to block high permeability zone before foam injection when the reservoirs has a strong heterogeneity.
A Workflow to Derive Rock Mechanics Correlations and Stress Profile by the Integration of Dynamic and Static Formation Evaluation Data
Authors: Qatari Ammar
Published: October 2021

Rock mechanics utilizes empirical formulas which are based on studies of certain environments. The shortcoming of such criteria is having estimations of rock physical properties with high uncertainty and not field/formation specific. The objective of this paper is to apply a core-log integration to convert dynamic mechanical properties captured from formation evaluation logs and calibrate them with core static data to generate a continuous profile of data with low uncertainty and generate correlations applicable to the specific physical environment.

To obtain proper rock mechanical correlations, building a mechanical earth model (MEM) calibrated with core data and stimulation data is essential. Multiple wells drilled in a certain sandstone field with rock mechanical physical tests are analyzed. Multi-arm caliber data is also put in use to establish knowledge about in-situ stress directions. The procedure starts with gathering and filtering acoustic slowness & shear, formation pressure, density, and oriented multi-arm caliper logs. Next, calibration of dynamic to core static mechanical data collected in the lab is established. The geomechanical analysis includes an understanding of the state of stresses in a chosen reservoir along with rock elastic and failure properties. The complied data is then integrated using different workflows to develop Mechanical Earth Model (MEM). The intended rock mechanics correlations include elastic constants (Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio), and rock failure parameters. Once Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) is established, dynamic logging data and core static data are correlated to produce key rock mechanics elements that are field and formation specific. The correlations include Young's Modulus, Poisson's Ratio, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) correlation, and Friction Angle (FANG) correlation. A range of each rock mechanic element is also highlighted for the specific environment showcasing the limits expected for collapse and fracture. Ultimately, stress profile is generated with low uncertainty highlighting magnitudes of maximum and minimum horizontal stresses along with the given interval.
Prospect Evaluation Based on Integrated Petroleum System Analysis: Block E Case Study, South-Eastern Edge of Precaspian Basin Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhanserkeyeva Ainura , Kassenov Akzhan
Published: October 2021

Positive geological and geochemical prerequisites have been identified for the purpose of increasing hydrocarbon resource potential in the under-explored study area. A methodology has been developed for assessing the hydrocarbon potential and prospecting for new promising oil and gas accumulation zones using the technology of basin modeling, provided there is a lack of initial data. A high hydrocarbon source rock generative potential and the degree of thermal maturity of the Lower Permian, Mid Carboniferous and Upper Devonian strata of the south-eastern part of the Precaspian depression have been revealed. Seismostratigraphic interpretation and geodynamic analysis were carried out and the main stages of the geodynamic evolution of the study area were reconstructed based on combination of all available geological and geophysical information, recent exploration drilling results and unpublished subsurface studies. The results of thermotectonic modelling confirm the possibility of vertical migration of hydrocarbons generated in Upper Paleozoic source rocks. A revision of the previously performed interpretation of 3D seismic data has been carried out; and for the first time, intrasalt sedimentary packages of presumably Upper Permian age have been identified as independent objects, which can be potential hydrocarbon traps.

For the Lower Permian deposits, type III kerogen predominates, which may be associated with an increase in collisional processes in the Late Paleozoic time and an active input of plant organic matter. For Mid Carboniferous sediments, type II or mixed type II / III kerogen prevails. Analysis of the evolution of thermal maturity indicates the unevenness of the entry of potential source rocks into the main zone of oil generation. For kerogen type III of the Lower Permian source rocks, the peak of oil generation falls on the Late Cretaceous. For predominantly carbonate and terrigenous-carbonate Middle Carboniferous source rocks the peak of generation falls on the Jurassic. The most buried Devonian source rocks presumably entered into the zone of wet gas generation.

The development of salt tectonics from Late Triassic to Cenozoic contributed to the vertical migration of hydrocarbons into the post-salt complex. The identified petroleum accumulations in the Upper Triassic-Jurassic stratigraphic section are mainly confined to the four-way dip structural closures above the steep flanks of salt diapirs.
Diagnostic Results of Current Distribution Injected Water Flow in the Productive Formation for Neft Dashlary Oilfield
Authors: Ibragimov Khidir Mansum , Huseinova Nahide Ismat , Gadzhiev Aliabas Alipasha
Published: October 2021

For controlling the oil field development proposed an economically efficient express calculation and visualization method of the hydrodynamic parameters current values distribution in the productive formation.

The presented report shows the results of applying this technique for determining the injected water propagation direction into the productive formation (X horizon) at the «Neft Dashlary» field. Based on the calculated results, the current distribution of the injected water was visualized in the selected section of the formation. High accuracy of the calculation was confirmed by comparing obtained results with the results of a simultaneous tracer study conducted in the field conditions. During tracer studies it was tested a new tracer material, more effective than its analogs. According to laboratory and experimental studies, the addition of 0.003% of this indicator substance to the volume of injected water is the optimal amount for its recognition in the well's product. At the allocated area of the "Neft Dashlari" field, the benefits from the use of the calculation method amounted to 62.9 thousand manats.

Based on the obtained satisfying results of the new method for calculating hydrodynamic parameters and the use of a tracer indicator application at the «Neft Dashlary» oilfield, it is recommended to apply these developments in other oil and gas fields for mass diagnostic of the reservoir fluid distribution in a selected area of productive formations.
Non-Stationary Flooding Based on Application of a Thermoactive Polymer Composition at Offshore Fields
Authors: Suleimanov Baghir Alakbar , Latifov Yashar Aydin , Ibragimov Khidir Mansum
Published: October 2021

A high performance technology has been developed for unstable waterflooding of layered-heterogeneous producing reservoirs of oil fields with a thermal gradient. The technology is based on cyclic injection of a thermoactive low-viscosity oil-soluble liquid polymer composition into the formation, which passes into a high-viscosity phase in situ, blocking the produced formation water flow. Application of the technology results in the increase of area of stimulation, both along the strike and vertical sweep efficiency. Monitoring the reservoir filtration characteristics enables control of the profile of the mixture advance in the formation. The effect of unstable injection of the proposed thermoactive polymer composition on the residual resistance factor was studied in an experimental setup consisting of two parallel-connected linear reservoir models with different permeability. The composition contains a working agent, a dispersant and sea water. The optimal ratio of the components that make up the composite mixture was determined as a result of laboratory and experimental studies. The viscosity behavior of the composite mixture at different temperature values for reservoir conditions is determined. Monitoring techniques for reservoir filtration properties have been developed in order to control the flow profile of the mixture in the reservoir. The analysis of the obtained results showed the efficiency of this technology for layered-heterogeneous reservoirs with a thermal gradient and the availability of overflows. This technology enables aligning area of stimulation, both along the horizontal and vertically using smaller volumes of the agent and with a slight change in the injection pressure. Unstable injection of the composite system provides a significant additional removal of residual oil. Thermoactive polymer composition should be injected cyclically in order to increase the reservoir coverage, align the frontal advance and for enhanced oil recovery due to the involvement of low-permeability oil-saturated areas into the development. This method allows you to change the direction, flow rates, and create unsteady cyclic pressures. A redistribution of formation fluids, a decrease in capillary pressures and the flow of a working agent into oil-saturated low-permeability zones occurs under the positive and negative pressure drops in the formation. The proposed technology was implemented in the section V of the block of the «Neft Dashlary» field (X horizon) in April-June 2016 and in the section of the «Pirallahi» field (KSw) in February-March 2017. At the pilot site of the «Neft Dashlary» field, the impact effect continued until May 1, 2017. Additional oil production in the period from 01.05.2016 to 01.05.2017 made up 3201.4 tons. Additional oil production at the selected area of the Pirallahi field by the end of 2017 made up 170 tons.
The Use of Tracer Based Dynamic Production Profiling in Estimating Hydrocarbon Recovery in Directional Wells
Authors: Moroz Alexander , Myakishev Pavel , Titovsky Nikita , Buyanov Anton , Gorbokonenko Oksana
Published: October 2021

Production surveillance in the producing wells has been an important task for many years in oil and gas development since it provides relevant information useful for the effective management of the HC production. The main objective pursued by operators is to increase the production volume and enhance the oil recovery rate, which often requires some additional well interventions in the existing producing wells. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand how and where to perform stimulations and properly select adequate EOR technologies in order to avoid the risks associated with premature complications of well operation. Usually, production surveillance can be performed using standard logging methods (PLT complex), aimed at the inflow profile monitoring in a well. There are many factors, however, that may complicate the data recording and affect the reliability of the study results. In addition, it is not always possible to shut down the well for production logging purposes. As an alternative approach, it is proposed to consider a technology that involves the placement of special marker-reporters in the bottom-hole zone of the well [3]. The inflow tracers are gradually washed out in the course of production, thus providing the possibility to directly assess the current flow rate, while different codes of productive intervals enable quantification of the production with a phase-wise analysis (hydrocarbon and water) [5].

This paper presents the results of the analysis of reserves recovery in a multi-layer reservoir characterised by relatively low porosity and permeability parameters by means of a tracer-based technology designed for production profiling in directional wells. Surveillance of each productive interval's performance over time was conducted by taking reservoir fluid samples from the mouth of several wells during stable production without well shut-down.
Offshore Caspian Sea: Appraisal Well Monitoring Using Inflow Tracer Technology
Authors: Galimzyanov Artem , Heydarov Orkhan , Jafarov Bakhtiyar , Mirzayev Rufat , Kamalov Kamal , Kilic Akgun
Published: October 2021

A gas condensate field development in the offshore Caspian Sea experienced monitoring challenges and costly operations. In regular field-wide surveillance it is a challenging task to evaluate the numerous well monitoring options on the market, such as production logging, permanent downhole gauges, and distributed temperature sensing along the wellbore. These solutions require wellbore interventions and introduce operational risk during well logging or completion installation risk when fiber is installed. Permanently installed inflow tracer technology is an alternative monitoring solution which avoids the above-mentioned risks but still obtain valuable inflow information concerning well performance over several years.

An appraisal well in the field was selected to pilot inflow tracing technology for assessment of reserves and productivity, for the first time in the Caspian Sea. Multiple sampling campaigns to capture the data was incorporated into a well testing programme to complement the pressure transient data collection and interpretation. The inflow tracer interpretations were successful in providing additional insight towards clean-up efficiency and flow distribution between zones. The latter was verified later by production logging, strengthening confidence with inflow tracer technology.

The application of the permanent inflow tracers has proven to be a viable alternative to other well monitoring solutions without any risk and will become an effective long-term monitoring solution for planned production wells in the field development.
Abnormal Lipid Droplets Accumulation Induced Cognitive Deficits in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Mice via JNK/SREBP/ACC Pathway but Not Through PDP1/PDC Pathway
Authors: Li Dongze , Yu Yan , Xu Na , Li Wanting , Hou Yanyan , Wang Xi , Sun Yeying , Lu Wenxue , Qu Guiwu , Lv Changjun , Han Fang
Published: October 2021

The mechanisms of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced cognitive deficits remain unclear. Here, our study found that 12 weeks CIH treatment induced lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation in hippocampal neurocytes of C57BL/6 mice, and caused severe neuro damage including neuron lesions, neuroblast (NB) apoptosis and abnormal glial activation. Studies have shown that the neuronal metabolism disorders might contribute to the CIH induced-hippocampal impairment. Mechanistically, the results showed that pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1ɑ subunit (PDHA1) and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activator pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 (PDP1) did not noticeable change after intermittent hypoxia. Consistent with those results, the level of Acetyl-CoA in hippocampus did not significantly change after CIH exposure. Interestingly, we found that CIH produced large quantities of ROS, which activated the JNK/SREBP/ACC pathway in neurocytes. ACC catalyzed the carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA and then more lipid acids were synthesized, which finally caused aberrant LDs accumulation. Therefore, the JNK/SREBP/ACC pathway played a crucial role in the cognitive deficits caused by LDs accumulation after CIH exposure. Additionally, LDs were peroxidized by the high level of ROS under CIH conditions. Together, lipid metabolic disorders contributed to neurocytes damage, which ultimately caused behavioral dysfunction. An active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, SMND-309, dramatically alleviated these injuries and improved cognitive deficits of CIH mice.
Emodin Ameliorate High Glucose-induced Podocyte Apoptosis via Regulating AMPK/mTOR- mediated Autophagy Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Hong , Hu Yanglin , Shi Ge , Yang Wenqiang , Xiong Fei , Hu Taotao , Wang Huanlan , Zhang Yanmin , Chen Weidong
Published: October 2021

Background: Podocyte apoptosis and autophagy dysfunction have been considered to be one of the important causes of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Emodin has the function of regulating autophagy. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of emodin on high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte apoptosis and whether the potential anti-apoptotic mechanism of emodin is related to the induction of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in MPC5 cells in vitro.Methods: The viability and apoptosis of podocytes (MPC5 cells) were detected using CCK-8 assay, trypan blue exclusion assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The expression levels of Cleaved caspase-3, autophagy maker LC3 I/II, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins were evaluated with western blot analysis. The changes of morphology and RFP-LC3 fluorescence were observed under microscopy.Results: HG (20-160 mmol/L) dose-dependently induced cell apoptosis in MPC5 cells, whereas emodin (4 μmol/L) significantly ameliorated HG-induced cell apoptosis and caspase-3 cleavage. Emodin (4 μmol/L) significantly increased LC3-II levels and induced RFP-LC3-containing punctate structures in MPC5 cells. Furthermore, the protective effects of emodin were mimicked by rapamycin (100 nmol/L). Moreover, emodin increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and suppressed the phosphorylation of mTOR. The AMPK inhibitor compound C (10 μmol/L) abolished emodin-induced autophagy activation.Conclusion: Emodin ameliorated HG-induced apoptosis of MPC5 cells in vitro that involved induction of autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, which might provide a potential therapeutic option for DN.
Endovascular Therapeutic Hypothermia Adjunctive To Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Realistic Simulation as a Game Changer
Authors: Dallan Luis Augusto Palma , Dae Michael , Giannetti Natali Schiavo , Polastri Tathiane Facholi , Lima Marian Keiko Frossard , Rochitte Carlos Eduardo , Hajjar Ludhmila Abrahao , Martin Claudia Yanet Bernoche San , Lima Felipe Gallego , Nicolau Jose Carlos , de Oliveira Mucio Tavares , Dallan Luis Alberto Oliveira , Silva Expedito Eustaquio Ribeiro da , Filho Roberto Kalil , Neto Pedro Alves Lemos , Timerman Sergio
Published: October 2021

Background: Endovascular therapeutic hypothermia (ETH) reduces the damage by ischemia/reperfusion cell syndrome in cardiac arrest and has been studied as an adjuvant therapy to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). New available advanced technology allows cooling much faster, but there is paucity of resources for training to avoid delays in door-to-balloon time (DTB) due to ETH and subsequently coronary reperfusion, which would derail the procedure. The aim of the study was to describe the process for the development of a simulation, training & educational protocol for the multidisciplinary team to perform optimized ETH as an adjunctive therapy for STEMI. Methods and Results: We developed an optimized simulation protocol using modern mannequins in different realistic scenarios for the treatment of patients undergoing ETH adjunctive to PCI for STEMIs starting from the emergency room, through the CathLab, and to the intensive care unit (ICU) using the Proteus® Endovascular System. The primary endpoint was door-to-balloon (DTB) time. We successfully trained 361 multidisciplinary professionals in realistic simulation using modern mannequins and sham situations in divisions of the hospital where real patients would be treated. The focus of simulation and training was logistical optimization and educational debriefing with strategies to reduce waste of time in patient's transportation from different departments, and avoiding excessive rewarming during transfer. Conclusions: Realistic simulation, intensive training and educational debriefing for the multidisciplinary team propitiated feasible endovascular therapeutic hypothermia as an adjuvant therapy to primary PCI in STEMI. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02664194.
Raman Spectrum of Follicular Fluid: a Potential Biomarker for Oocyte Developmental Competence in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Huang Xin , Hong Ling , Wu Yuanyuan , Chen Miaoxin , Kong Pengcheng , Ruan Jingling , Teng Xiaoming , Wei Zhiyun
Published: October 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in reproductive women where abnormal folliculogenesis is considered as a common characteristic. Our aim is to evaluate the potential of follicular fluid (FF) Raman spectra to predict oocyte development and pregnancy outcome, so as to prioritize the best promising oocyte for implantation, reducing both physiological and economical burdens of PCOS patients. In addition, the altered metabolic profiles will be identified to explore the aetiology and pathobiology of PCOS. Methods: In this study, follicular fluid samples obtained from 150 PCOS and 150 non-PCOS women were measured with Raman spectroscopy. Individual Raman spectrum was analyzed to find biologic components contributing to the occurrence of PCOS. More importantly, the Raman spectra of follicular fluid from the 150 PCOS patients were analyzed via machine-learning algorithms to evaluate their predictive value for oocyte development potential and clinical pregnancy. Results: Mean-centered Raman spectra and principal component analysis showed global differences in the footprints of follicular fluid between PCOS and non-PCOS women. Two Raman zones (993-1,165 cm-1 and 1,439-1,678cm-1) were identified for describing the largest variances between the two groups, with the former higher and the latter lower in PCOS FF. The tentative assignments of corresponding Raman bands included phenylalanine and β -carotene. Moreover, it was found that FF, in which oocytes would develop into high-quality blastocysts and obtain high clinical pregnancy rate, were detected with lower quantification of the integration at 993-1,165 cm-1 and higher quantification of the integration at 1,439-1,678 cm-1 in PCOS. In addition, based on Raman spectra of PCOS FF, the machine-learning algorithms via the fully connected artificial neural network (ANN) achieved the overall accuracies of 90% and 74% in correctly assigning oocyte developmental potential and clinical pregnancy, respectively. Conclusions: The study suggests that the PCOS displays unique metabolic profiles in follicular fluid which could be detected by Raman spectroscopy. Specific bands in Raman spectra have the biomarker potential to predict the oocyte development and pregnancy outcome for PCOS patients. Importantly, these data may provide some valuable biochemical information and metabolic signatures that will help us to understand the abnormal follicular development in PCOS.
An automated framework for high-throughput predictions of
NMR chemical shifts within liquid solutions
Authors: Atwi Rasha , Chen Ying , Han Kee Sung , Mueller Karl , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Rajput Nav Nidhi
Published: October 2021

Identifying stable speciation in multicomponent liquid solutions is of fundamental importance to areas ranging from electrochemistry to organic chemistry and biomolecular systems. However, elucidating this complex solvation environment is a daunting task even when using advanced experimental and computational techniques. Here, we introduce a fully automated, high-throughput computational framework for the accurate and robust prediction of stable species present in liquid solutions by computing the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of molecules. The framework automatically extracts and categorizes hundreds of thousands of atomic clusters from classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations to identify the most stable speciation in the solution and calculate their NMR chemical shifts via DFT calculations. Additionally, the framework creates an output database of computed chemical shifts for liquid solutions across a wide chemical and parameter space. This task can be infeasible experimentally and challenging using conventional computational methods. To demonstrate the capabilities of our framework, we compare our computational results to experimental measurements for a complex test case of magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Mg(TFSI)2 salt in dimethoxyethane (DME) solvent, which is a common electrolyte system for Mg-based batteries. Our extensive benchmarking and analysis of the Mg2+ solvation structural evolutions reveal critical factors such as the effect of force field parameters that influence the accuracy of NMR chemical shift predictions in liquid solutions. Furthermore, we show how the framework reduces the efforts of performing and managing over 300 13C and 600 1H DFT chemical shift predictions to a single submission procedure. By enabling more efficient and accurate high-throughput computations of NMR chemical shifts, our approach can accelerate theory-guided design of liquid solutions for various applications.
Detection and Quantification of EBV, CMV and HHV-6 DNA in Stomach Frozen Tissue of Gastritis and Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Sarshari Behrang , Mohebbi Seyed Reza , Ravanshad Mehrdad , Shahrokh Shabnam , Asadzadeh-Aghdaei Hamid , Zali Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2021

BackgroundHuman herpes viruses (HHVs) are among the most common infectious agents detected in the gastrointestinal tract that might be involved in oncogenesis and other gastrointestinal disorders. Although the link between the EBV and gastric cancer (GC) has been established, role of the viruses in various stomach diseases remain unknown. MethodsThe frequencies and viral copy number of EBV, CMV and HHV-6 among 50 GC tumors and 105 gastritis tissues were measured by quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsEBV, CMV and HHV-6 DNA were detected in 30 (60%), 7 (14%) and 9 (18%) of the tumor specimens, while in gastritis patients were 20 (19%), 13 (12.3%) and 16 (15.2%) respectively. The EBV frequency was significantly higher in GC compared with gastritis patients (p<0.0001). Viral load in both GC and gastritis groups was higher in either tumor or gastritis lesion compared with matched adjacent normal tissue. This study showed a clear association between GC with both EBV (p=0.0268) and CMV (p=0.0012). In addition, analyzes revealed a strong association between the EBV, CMV and HHV-6 with gastritis (p=0.0026, p <0.0001 and p=0.0405 respectively). ConclusionsOur results suggest that these three viruses might contribute to induction and development the gastritis and GC.
Theoretical Investigation into the Solvent Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of RDX in Tetrahydrofuran, Acetone, Toluene and Benzene
Authors: Ren Fu-de , Cao Xiong , Cui Yun-tong
Published: October 2021

In order to clarify the solvent effect on the thermal decomposition of explosive, the N–NO2 trigger-bond strengths and ring strains of RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine) in its H-bonded complexes with solvent molecules (i.e., tetrahydrofuran, acetone, toluene and benzene), and the activation energies of the intermolecular hydrogen exchanges between the solvent molecules and C3H8O2N4 or CH4O2N2, as the model molecule of RDX, were investigated by the BHandHLYP, B3LYP, MP2(full) and M06-2X methods with the 6-311++G(2df,2p) basis set, accompanied by a comparison with the calculations by the integral equation formalism polarized continuum model. The solvent effects ignore the ring strain while strengthen the N–NO2 bond, leading to a decreased sensitivity, as is opposite to the experimental results. However, the activation energies are in the order of C3H8O2N4/CH4O2N2∙∙∙acetone < C3H8O2N4/CH4O2N2∙∙∙THF < C3H8O2N4/CH4O2N2∙∙∙toluene < C3H8O2N4/CH4O2N2∙∙∙benzene < C3H8O2N4/CH4O2N2, suggesting that the order of the critical explosion temperatures should be RDX∙∙∙acetone < RDX∙∙∙THF < RDX∙∙∙toluene < RDX∙∙∙benzene < RDX, as is roughly consistent with the experimental results. Therefore, the intermolecular hydrogen exchange with the HONO elimination is the essence of the solvent effect on the thermal decomposition of RDX. The solvent effect is confirmed by reduced density gradient, atoms in molecules and surface electrostatic potentials.
The Use of Intrathecal Morphine for Acute Postoparative Pain in Lower Limb Arthroplasty Surgery: A Survey of Practice at an Academic Hospital.
Authors: Sibanyoni Mpumelelo , Biyase Ntombiyethu , Chakane Palesa Motshabi
Published: October 2021

Background and purpose of the study: Intrathecal morphine (ITM) provides optimal postoperative analgesia in patients who are scheduled for total knee and hip operation with spinal anaesthesia. However, the ideal dose at which maximal analgesic effect occurs with minimal side effects is not known. This study aimed to describe the use of two doses of ITM, and side effect profile in patients undergoing elective hip and knee arthroplasty.Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive, and contextual study conducted on patients who had total hip and knee replacement at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital from 1 September to 30 November 2020. The sample size consisted of 66 patients who were 18 years and older, American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) classification 1-3, patients who had received either 100 mcg or 150 mcg ITM dose under spinal anaesthesia and sent to the ward postoperatively. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was used to assess pain in the first 24 hours, consumption of rescue analgesia and reported side effects were documented.Results: There was no relationship between age, weight, ASA classification or type of surgery and VAS score classification groups. Patients who received 100 mcg ITM had a higher median VAS pain score 2 (1-5) compared to those who received 150 mcg ITM 1 (0-2), p = 0.01. The need for rescue analgesia between the two groups was marginally less in the 150mcg ITM group (p =0.098). There was no difference in the rate of side effects between the 100 mcg ITM group [12 (41%)] and the 150 mcg ITM group [17 (59%)], p = 0.92. Rescue analgesia was marginally different between groups, p = 0.09. There were no real differences in the VAS pain scores between the total knee and total hip surgeries. None of the patients experienced clinically significant respiratory depression. Conclusion: The 150mcg ITM dose provided good analgesic effects with longer duration of action and comparable side effect profile to the 100mcg ITM dose. This dose was not associated with development of respiratory depression can therefore be administered safely to patients who are discharged to the ward postoperatively in a resource constraint environment.
Criteria For The Development of Green Office Standard of Thailand For Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Aroonsrimorakot Sayam , Laiphrakpam Meena , Sarapirom Kornkanok
Published: October 2021

The Green Office Standard was developed to lessen resource consumption and wastage in the office work process, achieve savings and minimize CO2 emission from the office's operations in the environment. Its long-term goal is training and motivating staff for resource efficiency, energy conservation, reduce pollution and wastage in the offices’ work process and recycle the generated waste and these behavioral changes will lead to environmental sustainability. This research aims to develop a Green Office Standard in Thailand explaining its criteria to promote the establishment of green offices all over Thailand. Specifically, this article describes the criteria of green office standards, which are grouped into six categories as 1) Policies determination, operation planning, and continual improvement; 2) Communication and creating awareness; 3) Resource and energy consumption; 4) Office waste management; 5. Environment and safety; and 6) Eco-friendly procurement. It used mixed research methodology in different stages from March 2016 to August 2018, but mainly by the application of EDFR (Ethnographic Delphi Futures Research), by selecting a group of 17 expert panels to obtain their outlook and opinions. Green Office Standard was finally developed to certify participant-organizations in Thailand that conforms their management according to the criteria of Green Office Management Standard.
Gastric Side Effects and the Stomach Dosimetric Analysis in Left-Sided Breast Cancer Radiotherapy in Free-Breathing and Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold Technique
Authors: Yang Dong , Piao Ying , Yuan Fengshun , Chen Hongtao , Zhang Ding , Li Xianming
Published: October 2021

Background
Adjuvant radiotherapy following surgery reduces the local recurrence and improves the prognosis. However, a considerable part of patients developed digestive reaction in daily treatment. In order to explore the correlation between breast radiotherapy and gastric toxicity, we investigated the clinic symptoms and stomach dose during DIBH or FB mode while left-sided breast cancer patients (LSBCP) receiving radiotherapy.
Methods
In the study, 124 LSBCP received adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery at our department were analyzed clinical characteristics and enquired about gastrointestinal side effects after treatment. Moreover, dosimetric parameters were assessed.
Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in age, T staging, N staging, hormone receptors, human epidermal receptor-2 (HER2), surgical methods, fractionated regimen, and chemotherapy conditions. Stomach volumes, the use of the DIBH gating technique (FB/DIBH), and higher fractionated dose (Dmax/F) were associated with a statistically significantly greater risk for acute radiotherapy toxicity.
Conclusion
In order to cut down gastric side effects after breast radiotherapy, large meals should be avoided before treatment. DIBH treatment should be implemented in centers where conditions are satisfied to reduce radiotherapy side effects. Furthermore, dose limitation in stomach should be considered when the radiotherapy plan was formulated, especially for the patients treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy.
Sleep Quality and BMI in Pregnancy– A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tang Yafang , Dai Fei , Razali Nurul Syaza , Tagore Shephali , Chern Bernard SM , Tan Kok Hian
Published: October 2021

Background: Pregnancy associated sleep disturbance is a common pregnancy-related complication which can lead to significant maternal distress and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Sleep quality can be affected by multiple factors and high BMI or obesity has been recognized as one of them. Various previous studies have demonstrated poorer sleep quality during pregnancy. However, most studies included assessment at only one point of pregnancy. This prospective cohort study aimed to better evaluate the effect of pregnancy on the quality of sleep throughout the antenatal period and how BMI affects antenatal sleep.Methods: A total of 926 women were recruited before 14 weeks of gestation and followed throughout pregnancy. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was employed to assess sleep quality in 4 antenatal visits throughout pregnancy. Their weight was also recorded at each visit.Results: The PSQI global score was higher towards the later part of pregnancy (6.4 to 8.0, p<0.001) and highest at the 4th visit. Sleep latency was longer as pregnancy progressed (18.5 mins to 23.2 mins, p=0.001). Sleep duration became shorter over time and was the shortest at the 4th visit (7.1 hours to 6.5 hours, p<0.001). Sleep efficiency was the lowest at the 4th visit (85.2% to 81.6%, p<0.001). The same trend was observed for subjects in different BMI groups throughput pregnancy. PSQI score increased and sleep duration decreased as BMI increased. The effect of increasing BMI on PSQI and sleep duration was only observed in the higher BMI groups (>25kg/m2).Conclusions: Our study showed that sleep quality gradually declined throughout pregnancy for all BMI groups. Higher BMI was associated with poorer sleep as represented by PSQI score and sleep duration, particularly in the high BMI subgroups.