bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Human Capital and the Economic Growth in Sudan: علاقة الاستثمار في رأس المال البشري بالنمو الاقتصادي في السودان
Authors: Suha Seifeldin Noureldaim Ahmed, Yousif Saeed Ahmed Amin, Ah
Published: May 2021

The study aims to test the relationship between investment in human capital and economic growth in Sudan. It assumed that the growth in both of enrolled in different levels of education and government expenditure on education will lead to increase the economic growth in Sudan. The variables were subjected to several econometrics tests, such as Augmented Dickey–Fuller test (ADF), Autoregressive Distributed- lagged Model (ARDL) and the Error Correction Model (ECM) to test the short- and long- term relationship between study variables. The results of long- run parameters of the (ARDL) model showed a positive correlation between real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate and the percentage of enrollment in universities from the total population. Also it showed a positive correlation between real GDP growth and education expenditure as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI). While the estimated results of the bounds test for co- integration within the (ARDL) methodology results provided evidence of a long- run equilibrium relationship between the real GDP growth and the enrollment ratios of primary, secondary and university levels to the total population. Also provided evidence for a long- run equilibrium relationship between real GDP growth and the education expenditure as a share of GNI. Export of goods and services as a percentage of GDP and inflation rate. While the results of the estimated error correction model (ECM) confirmed that the real GDP growth is adjusted to its equilibrium value in each time period by 93% and 88%- for the two models respectively- of the remaining balance of the period with onetime lag. The study recommended the expansion of university education to raise the rate of economic growth through the development of policies to encourage investment in it, raise the quality of university education and improve the outputs quality, enhance the curricula to keep pace with the modern technology progress, linking education outputs with the needs of the labor market requirements and raising the percentage of education expenditure from GDP, as well as to encourage the governmental educational institutions to develop and diversify their self- financing resources.
Degree of Horizontal Integration of Life Skills in Second Basic Grade Curriculum in Jordan
Authors: Hadeel Nabil Elhaj Qasem , Odeh Abu Sneineh
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to reveal the degree of horizontal integration in life skills in the second grade curriculum in Jordan. To achieve the objective of the study، the researcher used the analytical descriptive method.The study sample included the Arabic and Islamic education books and social and national education. The results of the study indicated that manual in its first and second section. The life skills to be included in the sample study books included (51) skills divided into five basic skills: creative thinking skills، problem solving، the communication، dealing with others، decision making. Results also included a harezontal integration in the skills of life between the Arabic language and Islamic educationby (38.3%) ، which is high according to the criterion of the study. There is also a horizontal integration in life skills between the Arabic language book and the social and national education guide by (37.7%)، High percentage، and finally the existence of horizontal integration is very weak in the skills of life between the book of Islamic based on education and the huide of social and national education by (24%). The study came out with several recommendation، the most important of which are: Enrichment of the curriculum on the subject of life skills، and their inclusion in an integrative manner baser on a standard of integration developed by the directorate of curriculum. And taking into account problem solving skills during the construction and design of the curriculum.
Yemeni Pre-Service Teachers Educators' Perceptions of Lesson Study in Pre-service Teachers Preparation Program (an Exploratory Study): إدراكات معلمي المعلمين اليمنيين قبل الخدمة في برنامج إعداد المعلمين للدرس المبحوث (دراسة استكشافية)
Authors: Abdulsalam Sulaiman Dawood Al-hadabi
Published: May 2021

Lesson study (LS), as a model for improving teaching and learning, has tremendous merits for both teachers and students during learning-teaching procedures. Thus, this study can serve in developing an awareness of the pre-service teachers' educators (PSTEs) toward LS as a collaborative professional development model. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the perception of participants who were selected purposively (i.e. using a purposive sample) from the PSTEs at faculty of education-Amran university, Yemen, about LS and its implementation (LSIs). To this end, an open-ended interview was conducted with six interviewees, participants mentioned above, in the second semester of the academic year (2017/2018s). The most important result of this study was that all of the PSTEs participated in this study were not aware about the LS and LSIs, too. Based on the study's results, some recommendations were recommended.
The reality of secondary education for girls in the Wadi Araba district for the years (2014- 2018) of the attention of administrators and teachers: واقع التعليم الثانوي للبنات في قضاء وادي عربه للأعوام (2014 – 2018) من وجهة نظر الإداريات والمعلمات
Authors: Hanan Salam Hassan Alhayawat
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to reveal the reality of secondary education in the Wadi Arab district from the point of view of administrators and teachers. To achieve the study objective, the researcher used the descriptive method. The results of the study showed that the total degree of administrative and technical level from the point of view of teachers and administrators achieved an average level, with an average of (2.73) and a percentage of (55%). At the level of domains, the administrative field got an average of 2.98, while the technical field got an average of 2.48 Delusional grade (average). There are statistically significant differences between the technical level and the administrative level. In light of the results, a set of recommendations and suggestions were made to improve secondary education in Wadi Araba district administratively and technically.
Problem-Based Learning and its Impact on the Achievement of First medium Grade Students in Mathematics in Al-Baha Region - Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hamad Ayed Saad Al Ghamdi
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the effect of problem-based learning on the achievement of first grade students in mathematics. The researcher followed the semi-empirical approach by examining the effect of the independent variable at its three levels (the "problem-based learning" method, the "problem-based learning with the use of learning software" method and the "usual" method); The sample of the study consisted of (69) students from the first grade in the second semester of the academic year 1431-1432. The sample students were divided into three groups: the first of which was an experiment that was taught in a "problem-based learning" "Problem-based learning with the use of educational software", and the third was an officer taught in the "usual" manner, and the number of members of each group (23) students. The researcher prepared the [teacher's guide (1), the student activity record (1) for the first experimental group, the teacher's guide 2, and the student activity record 2 for the second experimental group, according to the proposed teaching methods in the engineering, ). The study groups were subjected to a pre - and post - mental test to measure the levels of memory and comprehension. The test consisted of (30) questions. It was prepared, tuned, codified, verified, and fixed to measure the differences between the average scores of the students of the three groups. The researcher used the data analysis statistically (ANCOVA), Alpha Kronbach and T-Test to validate the hypotheses. The study found the following results: There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (aa) 0.05) among the average scores of the first experimental group students who studied "problem-based learning", which obtained an average of (18.83) and the scores of the control group students and obtained an average of (14.87) in mathematics achievement for the experimental group. There was a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (aa 0.05) between the average scores of the students of the second experimental group who studied the method of "problem-based learning with the use of educational software", which obtained an average of (23.21) and the grades of students of the control group in the achievement of mathematics I got an average (14.87), for the benefit of the experimental group. There was a statistically significant difference at the mean level (aa 0.05) between the average scores of the students of the first experimental group, which obtained an average of (18.83) and the scores of the students of the second experimental group, which obtained an average of (23.21) in mathematics achievement for the second experimental group. Based on the results, the study recommended a set of recommendations for the activation of problem-based learning. In addition to some important proposals ..
Sports activities and their role in developing my life Skills University of AL-Mustansiriya: الأنشطة الرياضية ودورها في تنمية المهارات الحياتية لدى طلاب الجامعة المستنصرية
Authors: Hussein Shakir Ali, Hasan Ali Mohaisen, Abdulrazzaq Abed Alg
Published: May 2021

The research aims to identify the role of sports activities in the development of life skills among the students of Mustansiriya University, and the researcher used the descriptive method in his steps and procedures. The researcher sample was chosen deliberately among the students of Mustansiriya University and reached (494) students. The research showed the convergence of the students 'general awareness of the goals set by the standard. The students' awareness of the importance of participating in the student activities among the students of Mustansiriya University, and that the students participating in the activities Luddite higher in life skills.
Measuring determinants of exchange rate in Sudan: Standard Statistical Study: قياس محددات سعر الصرف في السودان: دراسة إحصائية قياسية
Authors: Hassan Ali Osman, Asim Mohammed Alfadl, Sofian Abuelbacher A
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to measure the important determinants of exchange rate in Sudan within the period (1999 – 2019), the study problem lies in the main question: why is Sudanese economy for long time suffering from instability of exchange rate? Descriptive Analytical method was used in theoretical side of the study and tools of econometrics in analysis was used in practical side. The study’s data for that period was collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Central Bank of the Sudan. The study assumed some hypotheses, the most important one is that there is inverse relationship having a negative impact statistically between inflation and exchange rate in Sudan. The study has concluded to the existence of a negative relationship between inflation and exchange rate, and a positive relationship between foreign direct investment and exchange rate in Sudan, also study concluded to impact of Inflation, Export, Gross Domestic Production and Foreign Direct Investment on exchange rate by 98%. The study has recommended to necessity of a deflationary monetary policy to control inflation and to achieve the exchange rate stability.
The technical capabilities of the computer in enriching the creative design of talented students
Authors: Hanan Saleh Al-Ghamas
Published: May 2021

This research aims to identify the technical capabilities of the computer in enriching the design of advertising, then apply it to talented students in the secondary stage using Photoshop program. The study applied the descriptive analytical method, and used the interview and the form of evaluation and analysis of the business tools for the study, and the sample of the study (5) of the talented students in art education and design in Dar Al Uloum Secondary School for Girls in Riyadh.
The role of school administration in the employment of educational technology in the educational process in private schools in the province of Amman from the point of view of teachers
Authors: Hisham Akeleh Al Fergat
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to identify the role of the school administration in employing the educational technology in the educational process from the point of view of the teachers of the private schools in Amman Governorate. To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was developed consisting of (30) sections divided into three areas: employment of education technology, Increase the motivation of teachers to use information, and the sample of the study consisted of (74) teachers and teachers, and the study reached the following results: 1-  The role of school administration in the employment of learning technology in the educational process in private schools in the province of Amman from the point of view of teachers was a medium. 2- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (α0.05) for the role of school administration in employing learning technology in private schools in Amman Governorate from the point of view of teachers
The Extent of Application of Science's Teachers to the Habits of Mind to improve the learning of Secondary School Students in Holy Makkah: مدى تطبيق معلمات العلوم لعادات العقل لتنمية تعلم طالبات المرحلة الثانوية بمكة المكرمة
Authors: Nisreen Hasan Subahi
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to know the extent of applying science teachers the habits of mind to develop learning of secondary school students in Holy Makkah, for this purpose a survey descriptive approach was applied that relies on data collection and tabulation and then analyzing and extracting results from it, to determine the extent of application, prepare a questionnaire, and submit the proposed recommendations. The sample of the study was (31) female science teachers for the secondary stage. In order to answer the study questions, a questionnaire was applied (prepared by the researcher) that consists of four axes of mind habits, aiming to know the extent of applying the parameters to mind habits to develop the learning of high school students. (T-test - correlation coefficient). The results confirmed that secondary school teachers apply some mind habits to develop their students ’learning at an average rate of 50.76%. The study recommended the importance of holding training courses for female teachers in various stages of education on habits of the mind, and focusing on the use of learning based on habits of the mind, to move from teaching information to teaching effective skills and strategies for the learning process.
Administrative empowerment and a course in promoting confidence among school principals: التمكين الإداري ودوره في تعزيز الثقة لدى مديري المدارس
Authors: Afaf Radi Howari
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to demonstrate the role of administrative empowerment in enhancing trust among school principals in the Tayyibah and Wasatiyyah Brigades, where the descriptive approach was used. The study used the questionnaire as a tool for the study to reach its goals; statistical program (SPSS) was used to process data statistically and to extract the results The study community included school principles working in the directorate of education in the Tayyibah and Al wasatia, The study sample consisted of (50) principals, the results showed that there is a large role for administrative empowerment in enhancing trust among school principals, With average ranging between (4.1- 3.3 out of 5) for the four areas of empowerment. Based on the results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals to enhance administrative empowerment and activate its role in enhancing confidence among school principals.
The level of readability of the functional Arabic book for non-native speakers At Al al-Bayt University: مستوى مقروئية كتاب العربيّة الوظيفية لغير الناطقين بها في جامعة آل البيت
Authors: Sami Tawfiq Jamil Al-Khaza'leh
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to measure the level of readability of functional Arabic textbook for non-native speakers of Al-Bayt University. And to identify the order of the text of the book according to the degree of readability. The study relied on the completion test in order to achieve its goal. The test was applied to three texts from the book. The test was distributed on an intentional sample made up of (33) learners from advanced level learners in the Language Center, Department of Arabic Language for Non-Native Speakers. The results of the study revealed that the learners ’responses to the complementarity test were at the frustrating level of the three texts, where the number of students at this level reached (13) with a percentage (39.4%). The results of the study also showed that the reading texts were not graded according to the level of legibility.
Cultural Intelligence and its Relationship to Behavior Leadership Behavior among administrator Directors in Public and private sectors in Riyadh Province.: الذكاء الثقافي وعلاقته بالسلوك القيادي لدى مديري الإدارات في القطاعين الحكومي والخاص بمدينة الرياض
Authors: Ibrahim bin Ahmed bin Wael Al Yahya -  Mohammed bin Abdulmoh
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to disclose the correlation between cultural intelligence and leadership behavior among administrator directors in Public and private sectors in Riyadh Province , as well as to identify the differences in cultural intelligence and leadership behavior between administrator directors in the Public sector and administrator directors in the private sector, also to identify the impact of some demographic factors in cultural intelligence and leadership behavior of administrator directors , in the light of some variables as (qualifications, age, management expertise), Finally Predictability in Cultural Intelligence through Leadership Behavior is tested. Methodology : The Researcher followed the descriptive approach Within the Correlative Style . Sample : Study sample  reached (374) administrator directors in Public and private sectors in  Riyadh Province. (115) administrator directors in the Public sector and (259) administrator directors in the private sector . Research Tools : Cultural Intelligence Scale Which prepared by (Van Dyne et al., 2005), In addition Leadership Behavior Scale Which prepared by Vijver. translated by Durrah (2001), rationing alnemry (1430), The researcher calculated psychometric properties of the Scale. Results : The study highlighted the following results : There is statistical significant relationship between Cultural intelligence and leadership behavior among administrator directors in Public and private sectors in  Riyadh Province . There are statistically significant differences in Cultural intelligence and Leadership Behavior among administrator directors in the Public sector and administrator directors in the private sector in Favour of administrator directors in the private sector. There are no statistically significant differences in Cultural Intelligence and leadership behavior between administrator directors in public and private sectors. In accordance with qualification & age difference & number of years of experience in management . There are Predictability in Cultural Intelligence through Leadership Behavior .
Constructing an Achievement Reference Test to measure language competencies – A descriptive survey study on secondary school students in Riyadh City –: بناء اختبار تحصيلي محكي المرجع لقياس الكفايات اللغوية – دراسة وصفية مسحية على طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة الرياض –
Authors: Ibrahim Z. ALAssiri, Mohammed R. ALZahrani
Published: May 2021

The present study aims to build a criterion- reference test to measure linguistic competencies of secondary school students in Riyadh, and to verify its psychometric characteristics. The descriptive survey method was used as it is the appropriate method to achieve the objectives of the study. Further, the sample of the study consists of (50769) students, representing all secondary students in Riyadh between 1439/1440 AH in accordance with the data obtained by the researcher. Also, the population of the current study consists of (983) secondary students in Riyadh as a sample. The researcher built the test in four stages: (analysis stage- construction phase- experimentation stage- output stage). After passing these steps to build the test, the study produced a criterion-reference test to measure the linguistic competencies for the secondary school students which consist of (40) questions measuring two linguistic competencies (syntactic and dictation competency). The study found that this test has good validity and it was found that the test has high reliability according to Livingstone coefficient to the degree of (85%). Based on these results, the study recommends that the application of the test built in the current study is appropriate to measure students’ linguistic competencies. This study also recommends that the measurement and evaluation experts should find new ways to build tests based on criterion-reference in all subjects of education.
The Influence of Applying VAT on Revenues of the General Authority of Zakat and Tax “A Field Study on Makkah Region”: أثر تطبيق ضريبة القيمة المضافة على إيرادات الهيئة العامة للزكاة والدخل "دراسة ميدانية على منطقة مكة المكرمة"
Authors: Ibrahim Abd El-Mageed El-Kelety, Ismail Mohammed Al-Kishan
Published: May 2021

This study aims to identify the impact of the application of VAT on the revenues of the General Authority of Zakat and Tax (GAZT) in Makkah Region. To achieve this goal, the descriptive analytical approach is applied through a questionnaire designed for this purpose that was circulated amongst a sample of examiners at the General Authority of Zakat and Tax in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the region of Makkah Al-Mukarramah. The results of the study showed that there is a strong relationship between the application of VAT and the reduction of commercial cover up. The study also found that the application of VAT reduces the chances of tax evasion. In light of the results, the study recommends that the GAZT should pay attention to the field survey and activate it with the support of some government agencies because this contributes to the obligation of taxpayers to submit tax models and pay the tax. The study also recommends the need for the GAZT to disclose its Zakat and tax revenues and aspects of spending and clarify the social and economic benefits from them, which encourages taxpayers to disclose their revenues and commercial activities.
Role ambiguity and its relationship to psychological pressures among school counselors in the cities of Mecca and Jeddah: غموض الدور وعلاقته بالضغوط النفسية لدى المرشدين الطلابيين بمدينتي مكة المكرمة وجدة
Authors: Jehad Suliman Munshi
Published: May 2021

The current study aimed to identify the role ambiguity and its relation to the psychological pressures among school counselors in the cities of Makkah and Jeddah. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive method was used. The sample was chosen randomly among the school counselors in Makkah and Jeddah (100 school counselors). The study used two measures to obtain the results (The preparation of the ambiguity of the role (preparation of Jumaili and Bijari, 2008) and the measure of chronic psychological stress (the preparation of Schultz and Baker and the translation by Kalioubi and Tangor, 2014), the results of the search found that: -There is a statistically significant relationship between the role ambiguity and psychological pressure in the research sample -There were no statistically significant differences between the school counselors on the role ambiguity due to the specialization -There were statistically significant differences between the school counselors on the role ambiguity according to the experience The differences were for the benefit of the less experience. -There were statistically significant differences between the specialized and non-specialist school counselors in the level of psychological pressure. The differences were for the benefit of the non-specialist study sample -There are statistically significant differences in the level of psychological pressure according to the experience of the school counselors and The differences were for the benefit of the less experience.
The awareness of faculty members at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University of the use of the e-learning platform in light of the outbreak of the COVID 19 virus and their attitudes towards inquiry-based learning: وعي أعضاء هيئة التدريس في جامعة الأمير سطام بن عبد العزيز باستخدام منصة التعلم الإلكتروني في ظل تفشي فيروس COVID 19 واتجاهاتهم نحو التعلم بالاستقصاء
Authors: Hala Khairy Abdel-Ghany El-Gohary
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to measure the awareness of faculty members at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University of the use of the e-learning platform in light of the outbreak of the COVID 19 virus and their attitudes towards inquiry-based learning. The researcher used the descriptive approach, semi-experimental, and statistical demographic variables to suit her for the purposes of the study. The study sample consisted of (100) members of the teaching staff of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, who were chosen in a stratified random manner. The researcher calculated the stability coefficient of the internal consistency of the questionnaire with its four dimensions and calculated the coefficient of internal consistency of the other questionnaire in its three dimensions. The researcher also used the statistical demographic variables prepared by the Deanship of Information Technology at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University during the period of suspension of the study. The most important results of the study were as follows: The degree of awareness of faculty members at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University on the e-learning platform "BlackBoard" on the overall questionnaire was high, with an average score of (3,41) and the attitudes of the faculty members at Prince Sattam University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia towards inquiry-based learning environment were high, with a mean (3.65), because the survey strategy is an educational process that allows students to use survey skills and support self-learning skills that are To satisfy curiosity, organize knowledge and generate ideas. Recommendations: Searching for obstacles and setting appropriate solutions for them to achieve goals and quality in the educational process via the Internet (Blackboard(, and Developing the skills of faculty members and students alike via the Internet (Blackboard). &Emphasizing the professional development of a faculty member via the Internet (BlackBoard). Finally Encouraging online inquiry-based learning environment (Blackboard).
Teaching the Arabic language and its relationship to developing educational communication skills: An analytical study of some language texts in the third elementary school as a model: تعليمية اللُّغة العربية وعلاقتها بتنمية مهارات التواصل التربوي: دراسة تحليلية لبعض النصوص اللغوية بالصف الثالث الابتدائي أنموذجاً
Authors: Abdellaoui Nadjet, Dine Alarabi
Published: May 2021

This article aims to effectively invest Arabic language education and develop educational communication skills among learners of the third year of primary education; As the skill of educational communication is the focal point of the educational- learning process and its main axis, This is in view of the fact that teaching Arabic is considered to be an interconnected and coherent unit by the interaction of its communicative elements; Where we chose to define an educational level from the primary stage represented by third- year primary learners as an important stage in the basic education stages and on this basis we were limited to an educational text that includes the six elements of educational communication Through it, we focused on the descriptive analytical approach, in order to highlight the studied code that aims to make the learner the center of the educational- learning process, exchange his knowledge and acquire purposeful communication skills that develop his language and develop his communication competencies.
The Effect of Extra-curricular Activities on the Development of Saudi Secondary-School EFL Students' Oral Performance in Al-Namas Province as perceived by EFL Teachers
Authors: Khalid Ahmad Hindi Al-Omri   ,  Mamdouh Ali Ahmed
Published: May 2021

The study purpose was to determine the impact of extra-curricular activities on the improvement of EFL students' oral performance in Saudi secondary-schools, Al-Namas Province as perceived by EFL Teachers. In addition, identify the significant relationship at level (α ≤ 0.05) between the effect of extra-curricular activities adapted in Saudi secondary schools, and the oral performance of the students by the EFL teachers perspective. The study depended on a qualitative approach. The study population was EFL teachers working at secondary-school in Al-Namas Province, Saudi Arabia, and the researcher selected a random sample with size (50) of EFL teachers from secondary-schools. Research results was as follow:  there is a positive correlation between the effect of extra-curricular activities adapted in Saudi secondary schools, and the oral performance of the students from the perspective of EFL teachers; there is no statistically significant differences in the correspondent of the sample at level (α = 0.05) in the effect of extra-curricular activities on the development of Saudi secondary-school ELF students' oral performance due to Qualification; Extra-curricular activities help students increase their vocabulary. the study provided many recommendations: school management must organize programme's for extra-curricular activities inside school; school management be supposed to use high academic performance condition for allowing students to participate in extra-curricular activities; and students should be free to decide which curricular activities to participate in.
Social support and its relationship to psychological resilience for students with visual impairment: المساندة الاجتماعية وعلاقتها بالمرونة النفسية لدى الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة البصرية
Authors: Khalifa Ahmed Al-qassabi, Muna Hammad Al-bimani
Published: May 2021

The research aimed to identify the extent of social support contributes to the psychological flexibility among students with visual impairment at Omar bin Al Khattab Institute for Blind. The research sample consists of (120) male and female students. The research used the relational descriptive method. Two scales were used: the Psychological Resilience Scale for Al-Salahi (2017), and the Hamri and Medani Social Support Scale (2016). The study showed that the sample is having medium of psychological flexibility with different dimensions. The results also showed a lack of statistically significant differences between males and females in the average of psychological flexibility. The results indicated that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between psychological flexibility and social support, and that both dimensions of support provided by blind and non-blind friends contribute significantly to predicting the increase in psychological flexibility in the study sample. The study recommended to increase and improve the level of formal and informal social services for the visual impairment category in the Sultanate of Oman and conduct more studies and researches on physiological flexibility in the light of physiological and social variables with visual impairment category.
(Study of the Impact of Goats on the production of Goat Meat in Sudan compared to the Arab Countries in the period (2015- 2008: دراسة أثر أعداد الماعز على كمية إنتاج لحوم من الماعز في السودان مقارنة بالدول العربية في الفترة (2015- 2008)
Authors: Mohamed Mahmoud El- Kanany
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of goats on the production of goat meat in Sudan compared to the Arab countries in the period (2015- 2008). The study used the descriptive method to identify goats and produce goat meat in Sudan, and the historical approach to follow the development in the preparation and production of the statistical curriculum and the Excel program for analyzing data and information. Data and information were collected from official secondary sources, especially reports, books, and articles. The study concluded for a range of results, that Sudan achieved the largest number of goats in comparison to the Arab countries in the period (2008- 2012) reached 38260. 20 thousand heads, while production reached 460. 91 thousand tons and then the numbers decreased in 2013 by%19, also decreased production by%31. 3, then the number rose in 2014 It has risen by%0. 22, and has maintained the same level of production and output in 2015. The study has reached a series of recommendations, including the importance of supporting and developing the production of red meat in Sudan through the adoption of economic policies encouraging investment and product stimulation, encouraging scientific research and introducing Animal in the agricultural cycle of government projects, the expansion of the use of improved breeds and the development of veterinary extension services and training leading to increase the production of red meat from goats in Sudan.
(Impact of Privatization of the Palestinian Electricity Sector (Case Study: Privatization of the Electricity Sector in Tulkarm City: آثار خصخصة قطاع الكهرباء الفلسطيني (دراسة حالة: خصخصة قطاع الكهرباء في مدينة طولكرم)
Authors: Khaled Mohammed Al-Swais
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at identifying the effects of privatizing the electricity sector in Tulkarm city. The analytical descriptive method was used, and the data were collected using a questionnaire. The population of the study covered eight sectors, and 350 questionnaires were used for the sake of investigating this issue. The SPSS was employed in processing the data and testing the hypotheses. The findings were as the following: privatizing the electricity in Tulkarm will improve the monthly collection of money and it will also result in a more efficient system in this field. The researcher recommended that privatizing this sector should be conditioned and well-studied so that it will not raise the burden on consumers. Furthermore, the researchers recommended that there should be a real partnership between the Municipality of Tulkarm and the private sector, which guarantees task distribution to boost efficiency and performance.
Imagine a proposal for a personal e-learning environment (PLE) to support the research skills of undergraduate students
Authors: Khadija Ahmed Abdullah
Published: May 2021

The study aimed at identifying the degree of use of undergraduate students in some of the applications of mobile personal learning environments in their academic life, and the opportunities available to these programs and electronic applications when used to support scientific research skills and the most important challenges facing them. The aim was to present a proposed scenario for a training program that aims to employ the use of personal learning environments (PLE) in mobile devices (smart phones, tablets or laptops) to support the scientific research skills and academic skills needed by The study consisted of (154) female students from the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences. The researcher used a questionnaire consisting of (32) words distributed on three axes after verifying their validity and stability. The researcher also constructed a proposed training program aimed at Use mobile personal learning environments to support scientific research skills. The study concluded with a set of results. In light of this, recommendations were made to activate the use of smart phones and tablets and to encourage students to use them in supporting scientific research skills, dissemination and academic skills. Develop appropriate plans to train students and faculty on what is new in the field of e-learning and mobile education.
Educational administration system in the Islamic state period
Authors: Haifa Kamel Abdullah Al - Kurdi - Khola Kamel Abdullah Al -
Published: May 2021

The target of this study is to shed a light on how the educational life was manages in the Islamic state. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach and the inductive one. The study introduction includes the terminology and components of the Islamic Educational system. The theoretical frame of the study focuses on the principals, targets, I mention and characteristics of the Islamic Educational system. The main question of the study problem centers around "How was educational system managed during Islamic State Era?" The results of the study reveal the peculiarity of each period had in managing educational life, during Islamic State era, that helped in establishing unique Islamic civilization. Based on the results of the study, recommendations and suggestions were introduced to benefit from Islamic Educational system and activate its concepts in today's Muslims reality.
The reality of practicing active learning by science teachers in Madinah: واقع ممارسة معلمات العلوم بالمدينة المنورة للتعلم النشط
Authors: Khulood Abdullah Al- Subiee, Rashdan bin Humaid Al Mutrafi
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research is to uncover the reality of the practice of science teachers in Medina for active learning, the researcher used a note card consisting of 21 phrases divided into two axes: the axis of introducing students to the objectives of the lesson, and the axis of lesson executing skill. The tool was applied after verifying its reliability and consistency. Where the research was applied to the intentional sample consisted of (10) teachers who teach science in the second semester of the academic year 1439/ 1440 H, 2018/2019 AD. The research found that: The science teacher did practice the skill of introducing students to the objectives of the lesson to a small degree of an average of (0.80), and that the science teacher was practicing the skill of implementing the lesson to a small degree of an average of (1.44). Finally, the reality of the practice of science teachers in Medina for active learning got an average of (1.25), which was a small degree. In light of the results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were made to activate the practice of science teachers for active learning.
Moral structure in the thought of Imam Ghazali and its relationship to education: البنية الأخلاقية في فكر الإمام الغزالي وعلاقتها بالتربية
Authors: Kifah Yahya Saleh Al- Askari, Omar Majeed Abdul Saleh Al- An
Published: May 2021

The research problem is summarized by the following question: What is the moral structure in the thought of Imam Ghazali and its relationship to education? The current research aimed at the following: 1- Identify the moral structure in the thought of Imam Ghazali 2- Identify the concept of education when Imam Ghazali 3- identify the relationship between the moral structure and education. The researchers used the descriptive method because it is suitable for this research The research reached the following results: 1- Imam al- Ghazali found the forces that control the structure and system of ethics and are three forces: a- the power of thought b- the power of lust c- the power of anger 2- Imam Ghazali interest in education because morality is subject to change in education 3- The researchers have highlighted the standard that controls the moral structure and education, but is the conscience, although not named by Ghazali this name. Recommendations: - Urged (teachers) to see this study and try to apply to themselves first and then to their students
Yemeni EFL University Students’ Attitudes towards Using Eliademy as a Learning Tool: اتجاهات طلاب الجامعات اليمنية الدارسين للغة الانجليزية كلغة أجنبية نحو استخدام منصة الاليادمي الإلكترونية (Eliademy) كأداة تعليمية
Authors: Mohammad Abdu Ahmad Al-Mekhlafi, Abdulrahim Ali Al-Showthabi
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the attitudes of Yemeni EFL students towards using Eliademy as a learning tool. The second goal was to explore any similarities and differences between graduate and undergraduate students and between males and females in terms of their attitudes towards using Eliademy as a learning tool. This study employed a quantitative approach. One hundred and twenty students of the fourth level of the B.Ed. program and forty students enrolled in the M.Ed. program at the Department of English in the College of Education at Sana’a University in Yemen participated in this study during the academic year 2017 /2018. Data were collected using a questionnaire whose analysis revealed a positive attitude towards using Eliademy as a learning tool. The findings of this study indicated that the highest mean average among the five components of the attitude scale was the Behavioral Engagement (BE) (M= 4.09), followed by Developing Language Skills (M= 4.04) and the Linguistics Confidence (M= 3.92). Finally came the Attitude to Learning Linguistics with Technology (M= 3.76) and the Technology Confidence (M= 3.56). This study concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean of the undergraduate and graduate students towards using Eliademy as a learning tool in favor of the graduate students. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between male and female students in terms of their attitudes towards using Eliademy. This study ends with some pedagogical implications and directions for future research studies.
The Effectiveness of Training Program Based on TRIZ Theory to Develop the Creative Thinking Skills for the Teachers of king Abdullah ll Schools for Excellence in Jordan: فاعلية برنامج تدريبي يستند إلى نظرية تريز لتنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي لدى معلمي مدارس الملك عبد الله الثاني للتميز في الأردن
Authors: Alaa Yousef Al-Sheyyab, Feryal Abd Al-Hadi Shnekat
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a training program based on the Therese theory to develop creative thinking skills for teachers of King Abdullah II Schools of Excellence in Jordan. The study sample consisted of (40) teachers from teachers of King Abdullah II schools for excellence in Al Balqa governorate and Madaba Governorate, In the second semester of the year 2018/2019, and they were chosen intentionally from the study community. They were divided into two groups: the control group by (20) male and female teachers from the schools of King Abdullah II for Excellence in the Madaba governorate who were not subjected to treatment. The experimental group of (20) male and female teachers of King Abdullah II Schools of Excellence in Al Balqa governorate underwent the training program, and the researcher prepared a training program based on the theory of promotion to develop creative thinking skills. The Torrance test was used for creative thinking - the words "A"The study reached the following results: • There were statistically significant differences between the averages of the performance of the post-study members on the test of creative thinking skills, total and sub-due to the group variable (experimental, control), where the differences were in favor of the experimental group. The absence of statistically significant differences between the averages of the performance of the post-study individuals on the test of creative thinking skills, college and sub, due to the variable of the academic qualification and specialization and the interaction between the group variables and the academic qualification and specialization. The study recommended conducting studies to compare programs based on the Therese theory with programs based on other theories to see whether developing creative thinking skills among teachers improves their teaching methods for gifted students.
The use of MOOCs in learning English: Rwaq as an example: مدى استفادة المتعلمين من منصات التعلم الإلكترونية في تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية – رواق نموذجاً
Authors: Sultan Saleem Althubaiti ,  Ahmad Zaid Almasaad
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to examine how effective using MOOCS in learning English, and how a number of factors, such as age, gender, education level, occupation and number of courses taken, can influence this effect, if any. In particular, this study sought to answer the following question: To what extent the use of MOOCS can enhance English learning? A number of English learners (n = 336) were recruited from an online English course initiative (English Mastery) at Rawq (An Arabic online platform offering open courses). Two sets of questionnaire were distributed among the learners. The first set was designed to obtain some demographic information from the participants (age, gender, education level, occupation, and number of Rwaq English Mastery courses taken). The second set contained 33 items designed to examine whether the learners benefited from the offered online English courses in terms of both: knowledge and skills. The results indicate that the use of the online English courses provided by the English Mastery Initiative at Rawq was effective in increasing the learner’s knowledge and skills of the English language. The factors age, gender, education level, and occupation were found not to have any effect on the results. Only the number of online courses taken was found to be effective in enhancing the learners’ knowledge and skills of the English language (from 3 to five courses). The study recommends the following: 1) online English language courses at Rwaq should be increased in number, 2) Rwaq should survey English leaners’ needs before offering their courses, 3) Rwaq should offer courses specialized in training English learners for taking standardized English language tests (e.g., IELTS, TOEFL, STEP), and 4) Saudi Universities should have their own MOOCs.
The effectiveness of the different styles of video clips through flipped classrooms in developing the Tajweed skills of primary school students: فاعلية الأنماط المختلفة لمقاطع الفيديو عبر الفصول المقلوبة في تنمية مهارات التجويد لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية
Authors: Nasser Aali Alsulami
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research was to identify the effectiveness of the different styles of video clips through flipped classrooms in developing the Tajweed skills of primary school students. The semi-experimental method was used to suit the nature of the research. The sample consisted of 50 students from the fifth-grade primary school of Abdullah bin Tariq Primary School. They were divided into two groups: the first group where a video style was used with a text equivalent, and in the second group a non-linear video pattern was used with a text equivalent across the inverted chapters. To test the validity of the hypothesis, the T-test was used by the SPSS. The results of the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental groups in the test and the observation card due to the difference in the pattern of the videos/ Unaccompanied) text equivalent. Based on the findings of the research, the researcher recommended the use of the different style of videos through different chapters in the teaching of other subjects, and encourage teachers and educators to use educational videos through the flipped learning because of their impact on the development of skills and raise the level of achievement.