bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Integrative Framework for Assessment of Urban Flood Response to Changing Climate
Authors: Pal Lalit , Saksena Siddharth , Dey Sayan , Merwade Venkatesh , Ojha Chandra Shekhar Prasad
Published: August 2023

Increasing frequency of extreme rainfall induced catastrophic urban flood events in recent decades demands proactive efforts to assess flood risk and vulnerability. Here, we develop an integrative framework for fine spatiotemporal scale assessment of urban flood response to historical and future projected changes in extreme precipitation. The framework includes three main components—nonstationary modeling of historical extreme precipitation, modeling of future precipitation, and urban flood simulations. It also provides robust estimates of uncertainty in design precipitation from statistical modeling, multiple climate models and stochastic uncertainty, estimated using machine learning techniques. We demonstrate the proposed framework for White Oak Bayou watershed in Houston, Texas, US. Two‐dimensional hydrologic‐hydraulic Interconnected Channel and Pond Routing model is used to simulate flood response from design precipitation for historical (1986–2020) and two future (2021–2050 and 2071–2100) periods in three (SSP1‐2.5, SSP2‐4.5, and SSP5‐8.5) future climate scenarios. Results show that nonstationary design estimates for historical precipitation are 14%–25% higher than the stationary estimates for 100‐year event of 1‐ to 24‐hr duration. Contrary to general global trends, we found a significant reduction in future design precipitation in all three emission scenarios. Additionally, stochastic uncertainty in future design precipitations is found to be larger than the modeling uncertainty in historical estimates and climate model uncertainty in future estimates. Flood response in terms of peak flood and total flood volume suggests that the difference in stationary versus nonstationary historical and future design precipitation are substantial to cause considerable change in simulated flood.
Sensitive poliovirus detection using nested PCR and nanopore sequencing: a prospective validation study
Authors: Shaw Alexander G. , Mampuela Tresor Kabeya , Lofiko Emmanuel Lokilo , Pratt Catherine , Troman Catherine , Bujaki Erika , O’Toole Áine , Akello Joyce Odeke , Aziza Adrienne Amuri , Lusamaki Eddy Kinganda , Makangara Jean Claude , Akonga Marceline , Lay Yvonne , Nsunda Bibiche , White Bailey , Jorgensen David , Pukuta Elizabeth , Riziki Yogolelo , Rankin Kathleen E. , Rambaut Andrew , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve , Muyembe Jean-Jacques , Martin Javier , Grassly Nicholas C. , Mbala-Kingebeni Placide
Published: August 2023

Timely detection of outbreaks is needed for poliovirus eradication, but gold standard detection in the Democratic Republic of the Congo takes 30 days (median). Direct molecular detection and nanopore sequencing (DDNS) of poliovirus in stool samples is a promising fast method. Here we report prospective testing of stool samples from suspected polio cases, and their contacts, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 10 August 2021 and 4 February 2022. DDNS detected polioviruses in 62/2,339 (2.7%) of samples, while gold standard combination of cell culture, quantitative PCR and Sanger sequencing detected polioviruses in 51/2,339 (2.2%) of the same samples. DDNS provided case confirmation in 7 days (median) in routine surveillance conditions. DDNS enabled confirmation of three serotype 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks 23 days (mean) earlier (range 6–30 days) than the gold standard method. The mean sequence similarity between sequences obtained by the two methods was 99.98%. Our data confirm the feasibility of implementing DDNS in a national poliovirus laboratory.
The severity of NEC is ameliorated by prostaglandin E2 through regulating intestinal microcirculation
Authors: Mo Dandan , Deng Chun , Chen Bailin , Ding Xionghui , Deng Qin , Guo Hongjie , Chen Gongli , Ye Cuilian , Guo Chunbao
Published: August 2023

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is implicated in intestinal inflammation and intestinal blood flow regulation with a paradoxical effect on the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which is not yet well understood. In the current study, we found that PGE2, EP4, and COX-2 varied at different distances from the most damaged area in the terminal ileum obtained from human infants with NEC. PGE2 administration alleviated the phenotype of experimental NEC and the intestinal microvascular features in experimental NEC, but this phenomenon was inhibited by eNOS depletion, suggesting that PGE2 promoted intestinal microcirculatory perfusion through eNOS. Furthermore, PGE2 administration increased the VEGF content in MIMECs under TNFα stress and promoted MIMEC proliferation. This response to PGE2 was involved in eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) production and was blocked by the EP4 antagonist in vitro, suggesting that targeting the PGE2–EP4–eNOS axis might be a potential clinical and therapeutic strategy for NEC treatment. The study is reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines (https://arriveguidelines.org).
Synthesis and characterization of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) modified polymeric composite for effective treatment of wound healing by transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS)
Authors: Raza Hina , Ashraf Asmara , Shamim Rahat , Manzoor Suryyia , Sohail Younas , Khan Muhammad Imran , Raza Nadeem , Shakeel Nasir , Gill Komal Aziz , El-Marghany Adel , Aftab Sikandar
Published: August 2023

The present study aimed to fabricate a novel polymeric spongy composite to enhance skin regeneration composed of Nystatin (antifungal agent) and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNps). Different formulations (F1–F8) were developed & characterized by using various analytical techniques. AgNps synthesized by chemical reduction method showed spherical morphology 2 µm in size showed by SEM and XRD. A fine porous structure of gel embedded with AgNps having an amorphous structure with 10 % crystallinity due to AgNps was found. IR spectra revealed no chemical interaction between polymers and Nystatin. An increase in thermal stability of formulation was observed till 700 ℃ analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Cytotoxic analysis on L929 mouse skin fibroblast cells showed a decrease in cell viability as Ag concentration increased (inactivating Fibroblast and keratinocytes) while 10 mg composition was found safest concentration (94%). Optimized formulation (F2) presented in-vitro drug release up to 90.59% ± 0.76 at pH 7.4, swelling studies (87.5% ± 0.57), water retention (26.60 ± 0.34), pH (5.31 ± 0.03). In the animal burn model, the group that received CHG/Ag/Nystatin healed the wound significantly (p < 0.05). These results suggested that optimized carrier can be used for other anti-fungal drugs facilitating the early healing of the wound.
Al12Co4: a pioneering heterometallic aluminum oxo cluster with surface-exposed Co sites for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Han Er-Meng , Meng Ru-Xin , Tian Yi-Qi , Yan Jun , Liu Kai-Yu , Liu Chao
Published: August 2023

Researchers created a calixarene-supported heterometallic Al12Co4 cluster with four accessible CoII sites. This cluster displays excellent electrocatalytic traits, reaching a 10 mA cm−2 current density with an low overpotential of only 320 mV.
Template assisted lithium superoxide growth for lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Wang Hsien-Hau , Zhang Chengji , Gao Jing , Lau Kah Chun , Plunkett Samuel T. , Park Moon , Amine Rachid , Curtiss Larry A.
Published: August 2023

A simple goodness of fit R factor to gauge how well a template surface structure can support LiO2 growth is developed. The R factor may be extended to other transition and main group element LiMx catalysts, as potential LiO2 growth supports.
Reducing undesired solubility of squarephaneic tetraimide for use as an organic battery electrode material
Authors: Ding Bowen , Bhosale Manik , Bennett Troy L. R. , Heeney Martin , Plasser Felix , Esser Birgit , Glöcklhofer Florian
Published: August 2023

Unsubstituted squarephaneic tetraimide with reduced solubility due to H-bonding interactions is synthesised, characterised, and tested as a battery electrode material.
An innovative catalytic pathway for the synthesis of acyl furans: the cross-ketonization of methyl 2-furoate with carboxylic acids
Authors: De Maron Jacopo , Cesari Davide , Banu Rameesdeen Sabra , Tabanelli Tommaso , Fasolini Andrea , Basile Francesco , Cavani Fabrizio
Published: August 2023

Continuous-flow, gas-phase cross-ketonization of alkyl 2-furoates with bio-based acids toward an alternative, selective production of valuable acyl furan intermediates.
Prosthetic finger for fingertip tactile sensing via flexible chromatic optical waveguides
Authors: Zhou Jian , Fu Chunqiao , Fang Jiahao , Shang Kedong , Pu Xiaobo , Zhang Yong , Jiang Zhongbao , Lu Xulei , He Changliu , Jia Lingxu , Yao Yuming , Qian Linmao , Yang Tingting
Published: August 2023

Chromatic optical waveguides are embedded into a 3D printed prosthetic finger to realize the fingertip tactile sensing capabilities of object contour, slip, hardness, and temperature, which enables complex functions such as note-writing analysis and braille recognition.
Sodiated Oppolzer enolates: solution structures, mechanism of alkylation, and origin of stereoselectivity
Authors: Lui Nathan M. , Collum David B.
Published: August 2023

Sodium camphorsultam enolates are structurally characterized uncovering monomers and dimers; rate studies reveal ionic transition structures and curious solvation effects.
Relating Acoustic Measures to Listener Ratings of Children's Productions of Word-Initial /ɹ/ and /w/
Authors: Ancel Elizabeth E. , Smith Michael L. , Rao V. N. Vimal , Munson Benjamin
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The /ɹ/ productions of young children acquiring American English are highly variable and often inaccurate, with [w] as the most common substitution error. One acoustic indicator of the goodness of children's /ɹ/ productions is the difference between the frequency of the second formant (F2) and the third formant (F3), with a smaller F3–F2 difference being associated with a perceptually more adultlike /ɹ/. This study analyzed the effectiveness of automatically extracted F3–F2 differences in characterizing young children's productions of /ɹ/−/w/ in comparison with manually coded measurements.

Method:

Automated F3–F2 differences were extracted from productions of a variety of different /ɹ/- and /w/-initial words spoken by 3- to 4-year-old monolingual preschoolers (
N
= 117; 2,278 tokens in total). These automated measures were compared to ratings of the phoneme goodness of children's productions as rated by untrained adult listeners (
n
= 132) on a visual analog scale, as well as to narrow transcriptions of the production into four categories: [ɹ], [w], and two intermediate categories.

Results:

Data visualizations show a weak relationship between automated F3–F2 differences with listener ratings and narrow transcriptions. Mixed-effects models suggest the automated F3–F2 difference only modestly predicts listener ratings (
R
2
= .37) and narrow transcriptions (
R
2
= .32).

Conclusion:

The weak relationship between automated F3–F2 difference and both listener ratings and narrow transcriptions suggests that these automated acoustic measures are of questionable reliability and utility in assessing preschool children's mastery of the /ɹ/−/w/ contrast.
Reported Use of Second-Language Speech Accommodation in Everyday Interactions: The Role of Individual Differences
Authors: Rothermich Kathrin , Baker Rose , Falkins Sharon M. , Kum Jaeyoung , Capps Madison R. , Bobb Susan C.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Proficient speakers of a language often accommodate less proficient speakers during conversation to facilitate comprehension, but information about factors such as personality and language experience that may shape how speakers perceive accommodation is limited.

Purpose:

We developed an online questionnaire to clarify the use of speech accommodation in relation to individual differences in anxiety, personality, and English proficiency.

Method:

Using Qualtrics Panels for recruitment, we surveyed a representative sample of second-language (L2) English speakers (
n
= 201) and first-language (L1) English speakers (
n
= 192) across the United States. We report descriptive results in addition to correlations and a factor analysis to assess the perception of accommodation in L2 and L1 speakers.

Results:

Only a third of L2 participants reported that L1 speakers change their speech when talking to them, and more than half are frustrated when L1 speakers do not accommodate them. Indeed, a majority of our L1 participants reported that they do not change their speech when talking to L2 speakers. For both groups, measures of anxiety, personality, and L2 proficiency modify results, providing novel evidence on factors that influence L2 accommodation.

Conclusions:

Results suggest that L1 speakers accommodate L2 speakers less frequently than previously reported. The data are discussed under communication accommodation theory.
A methodology of automatic class diagrams generation from source code using Model-Driven Architecture and Machine Learning to achieve Energy Efficiency
Authors: Sajji Abir , Rhazali Yassine , Hadi Youssef
Published: August 2023

The automated generation of class diagrams is a crucial task in software engineering, facilitating the understanding, analysis, and documentation of complex software systems. Traditional manual approaches are time and energy consuming, error-prone, and lack consistency. To address these challenges, this research presents an automated proposed approach that utilizes Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), a machine learning algorithm, to generate class diagrams from source code within the context of Model Driven Architecture (MDA) and reverse engineering. A comprehensive case study is conducted to compare the results obtained from the automated approach with manually created class diagrams. The GNN model demonstrates high accuracy in capturing the system’s structure, associations, and relationships. Notably, the automated approach significantly reduces the time required for class diagram generation, leading to substantial time and energy savings. By advancing automated software documentation, this research contributes to more efficient software engineering practices. It promotes consistency, eliminates human errors, and enables software engineers to focus on higher-value tasks. Overall, the proposed approach showcases the potential of GNNs in automating class diagram generation and its practical benefits for software development and documentation.
Work-linked training and the development of soft skills: The case of renewable energy vocational training trainees
Authors: Ikiss Fatiha , Lahiala Abdelfattah , Alaoui Fennane Moulay Maati
Published: August 2023

The transition to renewable energy requires qualified professionals with technical skills and soft skills. This study investigates the impact of work-linked training on the development of soft skills in renewable energy vocational training trainees. As part of this research, we used an online questionnaire created using Google Forms to collect quantitative data. The aim of the questionnaire was to identify the factors that promote or inhibit the development of these skills among renewable energy vocational training trainees. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed in order to determine the impact of work-linked training on the development of soft skills, focusing on several aspects, namely the effectiveness of the support provided to trainees in the workplace, the resources made available to trainees in the workplace, the work-linked training program, the teaching methods used by the trainers and the trainees’ perception of the usefulness of this training method. The results of this study will contribute to questioning the effectiveness of work-linked training in developing the soft skills of renewable energy trainees.
The innovative solution of speaking in class in several subjects, the case of environmental protection in Morocco
Authors: Oubaha Imane , Mderssi Hafida
Published: August 2023

Oral activity is one of the fundamental components of the didactic sequence. This shows its importance in the teaching/learning of French. This study deals with the issue of speaking in class, in oral session. It is part of the field of oral didactics and focuses on the development of verbal production skills through the use of theatrical play. The problem related to this research is the following: what is the contribution of theatre for oral speaking in French class in qualifying high school? To respond to the problem raised and achieve the objectives of the research, we based ourselves on a field survey. Teachers’ responses stated that theatre is a means of promoting classroom speaking during oral activity.
The impact of information and communication technologies for education on improving student learning, and the consequences on the environment
Authors: El Kartouti Salah Eddine , Juidette Sarah
Published: August 2023

Education is a right for all, and guaranteeing this right is the responsibility of all those involved. Similarly, information and communication technologies for education (ICTE) are now a basic element in the education sector. In the face of increasing changes and crises, the development of the education system and the improvement of the quality of student learning through the use of ICTE has been the subject of many researches. Thus, this article is interested in studying the impact of the integration of ICTE on improving the learning of school students in Morocco, while considering the environmental consequences emanating from this integration as an essential aspect in guaranteeing any sustainable development. To achieve this, the study was based on a rigorous methodology, involving statistical analysis using specialized programs and a questionnaire for school directors. The results of this study revealed the importance of integrating ICTE to ensure the improvement of learning, this being apparent across a number of aspects, especially those linked to student results, access to information and the acquisition of taught knowledge, and the effects on the environment. But this does not eliminate the importance of increasingly promoting a range of measures, namely equipping schools with technological resources and teacher training, to guarantee consequently the transition to a digital education enabling learning development, which subsequently has an impact on the environment.
Pedagogical innovation and the development of 21st century skills and sustainable development in the teaching and learning of life and earth sciences in Morocco
Authors: Ait El Mokhtar Khadija , Zerhane Rajae , El Hammoumi Sara , El Mostafa Amiri , Kaddam Mohamed , Drissi Moulay M’hammed , Janati-Idrissi Rachid
Published: August 2023

The world of education in the 21st century is undergoing transformations that affect teaching methods and learning styles. The Moroccan education system is at the heart of this movement, demonstrating its will and institutional commitment through the pedagogical integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into the teaching-learning process. However, a number of studies have shown that this integration into learning and assessment activities in life and earth sciences (LES) remains very weak, if not absent, in qualifying secondary and college education. To pedagogically innovate teaching practice in LES, our research comes to help teachers and innovative designers conceive digital resources to develop 21st century skills in LES. To meet the objective of our research, a questionnaire was drawn up and sent to 200 teachers in the various regional education and training academies of the Kingdom of Morocco. Analysis of the results showed that teachers’ awareness of these skills in general, and those specific to LES in particular, was moderate and that in-service and pre-service teacher training, the design of multi-level and multi-type digital resources, and curriculum reform are very important elements in reinforcing 21st century skills in the digital teaching-learning of LES.
Public-private partnership in Morocco: Public service management tool, the case of the Rokhas platform and its impact on the environment
Authors: Hnizil Wiam , Aboughazi Abdelmajid
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, several countries are on a continuous quest to improve public service, and among these countries is Morocco. The latter has adopted a range of strategies to develop the public administration in general and the public service in particular, in addition, it has opted for new contractual procedures including public-private partnership contracts for the purpose of good management of the public service. The objective of our paper is to demonstrate the contribution of public-private partnership contracts on the management of public service through a Rokhas digital platform which is the result of a partnership contract between the company Ribatis (founder of the Rokhas application) and the Ministry of the Interior while taking into consideration the environmental dimension. This study is carried out through participant observation within the Ribatis company and semi-directive interviews with our target population, namely public administrations and individuals. According to the perception of users, this application has various advantages in terms of public service management and environmental protection, and like every tool, it also has a set of malfunctions to improve.
East African Rift Dynamics
Authors: Khaffou Moulouda , Raji Mohamed , El-Ayachi Moha
Published: August 2023

The East African Rift (EAR) is a typical site for the study of dynamic processes leading to continental break-up and dislocation. In the context of global plate motion models, the kinematics of EAR system is less well defined. In this study, the analysis of repeated GPS geodetic data represents a quantum leap in accuracy that allows us to reassess the recent kinematics of EAR. Our results show that the Somali plate rotates at a velocity of 0.076°/m in the Nubian fixed reference frame the velocity increasing from south to north. We also found that the seismotectonic parameters of both sets of plate boundaries are embodied by lithospheric thinning and oceanic accretion, including a scissor-shaped opening. Normal faults are active along a series of fissure boundaries. This NubianSomalian divergence across the East African rift system implies a redistribution of deformation and stress regulation along rift segments connecting rigid blocks that allows for the heterogeneity of the East African basement. We also note the presence of very high-risk seismic zones.
Citizens motivation towards solar energy in the context of the smart city, the case of Casablanca Morocco
Authors: El Assal Zineb , Rochdane Hanane
Published: August 2023

The protection of the environment is one of the major concerns of individuals who seek to satisfy their needs without exploiting the reserve of future generations according to the principle of sustainable development. Nevertheless, any Smart City project requires the protection of the environment, the responsibility of citizens in its realization and a desire to encourage their participation in the various issues and dimensions of the creation of a smart city. Our research question aims to determine the extent to which the residents of the city of Casablanca are ready to support the Smart City project by adopting a responsible purchasing behavior towards their environment through the use of renewable energies. In order to achieve our goal we have resorted to the positivist paradigm by adopting deductive logic based on an existing theoretical model illustrated by the literature review which is the theory of self-determination. We opted for a questionnaire distributed to the profile of Internet users and the processing of the results obtained is done using the SPSS software. The analysis of the data collected showed that the majority of citizens are interested in the use of renewable energies and are ready to collaborate in the Smart City project.
Why is the implementation of Robson’s classification required in Morocco?
Authors: Chrifi Hassan , Boudallaa Ikram , Assarag Bouchra , Soulaymani Abdelmajid
Published: August 2023

In Morocco, the Ministry of Health has mobilized several efforts to improve maternal and newborn health over the past decades. Despite progress, the high risk of death during pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal is still a concern. Obstetricians highly regard this and require them to undertake ongoing research to promote optimal pregnancy and birth outcomes. Medical techniques such as cesarean section have led to significant progress. However, the frequency of cesarean sections has increased recently, despite World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations to stay within 15%. Controlling the rate of cesarean sections has become a significant public health concern, given the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with cesarean sections and the associated costs. Through a review of the literature, this research interprets and analyses the relevant data to highlight the contribution of Robson’s classification to controlling C-section indications and, consequently, their rates. Indeed, several original scientific studies recommend its adoption because of its objectivity and contribution to the effective reduction of cesarean section rates. Finally, as a main recommendation, the adoption of Robson’s classification in Morocco as a simple tool for evaluation, monitoring, and audit of cesarean section rates and its use is strongly recommended for better control of cesarean section rates and indications. The training of practitioners should support it.
The contribution of microfinance to environmental sustainability and growth in Morocco: An empirical study
Authors: Ali Merroun Mohamed , Hamiche Mhamed
Published: August 2023

This research focuses on exploring the relationship between the attributes of microfinance programmes and their effects on financial, social, and environmental growth. The findings underscore the notable influence of acceptability, availability, and affordability of microfinance programmes on financial and social growth, with acceptability particularly impacting environmental growth. These results bear significant implications for those involved in the realm of microfinance, accentuating the necessity to enhance the acceptability and availability of microfinance services in order to catalyse sustainable growth. The study serves as a launchpad for future investigations into the multi-faceted impact of microfinance programmes and the effectiveness of diverse microfinance models and practices towards the goal of sustainable development. In conclusion, the study underscores the need to integrate environmental considerations into the planning and execution of microfinance programmes, ensuring their sustainability and efficacy in the long run.
What are the implications of using Robson’s classification system in a Moroccan case study?
Authors: Chrifi Hassan , Assarag Bouchra , Boudallaa Ikram , Soulaymani Abdelmajid
Published: August 2023

Today, cesarean section rates are increasing worldwide for varied and complex reasons. To examine this more closely, several countries have adopted the 10-group classification of cesarean sections, also known as the Robson classification. This classification aims to monitor and compare cesarean section rates in a standard, reliable, and indication-based way. In the vision of improving the quality of care and especially rationalizing cesarean section rates, this descriptive and retrospective study, which lasted ten months, considered a population of parturients who had given birth by cesarean section at the maternity ward of the Cheikh Khalifa Hospital in Casablanca. Using Robson’s classification system, data on deliveries can be compared between different regions of Morocco or between different time periods. This allows assessment of trends, geographic outcomes, and temporal variations in environment-related obstetric outcomes, which can help identify specific maternal health issues and develop targeted policies. We first listed all cesarean deliveries and then classified them into ten groups (Robson’s classification) to highlight the contribution of each group to the overall cesarean rate and to explain the discrepancies for which we proposed recommendations. This study considered 890 cases, of which 541 required a cesarean section, a 61% rate higher than that recommended by the WHO (15%) and the national rate (21%). Robson’s classification identified group 10 as contributing most to the overall cesarean rate (43.4%). Namely, this group included singleton pregnancies with a cephalic presentation, gestational age < 37 weeks, and a scarred uterus. This group’s relative size and cesarean section rate were 68% and 63%, respectively. Cesarean section should be considered a surgical procedure, considering the potential maternal and neonatal risks involved and ensuring that the indication for cesarean section is tangible, based on the Robson classification, among other things.
Applications of smart agriculture for environmental protection using deep learning techniques
Authors: Zineb Remch , Samira Khoulji , Mohamed Larbi Kerkeb
Published: August 2023

DL, short for Deep Learning, is a cutting-edge approach that merges advanced techniques in image processing and data analysis with the power of big data analysis. Its potential is enormous and has already found practical applications in several fields, including autonomous driving, automatic speech recognition, medical research, image restoration, natural language processing, and, among others. DL has been recently introduced in agriculture showing promising results in solving various farming problems like disease detection, automated plant and fruit identification, and counting. This study presents a comprehensive review of research using DL techniques in farming, including crop monitoring, crop mapping, weed and pest detection and management, irrigation, fruit grading, reorganizations of species and herbicide identification. Furthermore, different DL techniques applied in various fields are analyzed and compared with existing techniques. It was found that DL outperforms traditional image processing technology in terms of accuracy, both in classification and regression. Additionally, the study suggests that DL can be applied beyond detections, classification tasks to yield production, and disease segmentation in agriculture.
Financial and environmental resilience in times of crisis: A study of covid-19’s effects on Moroccan environmental companies
Authors: Kahcha Mohammed , Errabih Zakia , Bourekkadi Salmane
Published: August 2023

The analysis of Moroccan companies’ resilience is of extreme importance, especially in times of crisis. Covid-19 is an example that revealed the shortcomings and weaknesses of most Moroccan companies when it comes to crisis anticipation and management. In this paper, we have chosen to study the case of companies from two important industries in Morocco: agriculture and tourism. The aim is to investigate the level of preparation of these companies for the crisis, their reaction during the pandemic, and the lessons learned to be more resilient. The two case studies show a lack of preparation due to the sudden occurrence of the crisis, however, the impact was different between the two, due to the nature of the activity and the business size; one is a small local company (agriculture) and the other is the branch of a multinational one (hospitality). The study case results show that most of the companies’ functions were impacted (procurement, production, sales, etc.). These companies’ reaction was different as well, from acting on the inventories and managing the production (Agriculture Company) to optimizing human and financial resources and exploring swinging activities (Hospitality Company). Both got government support. The two companies agreed that the most important aspect of resilience is finance resilience which considers the wider definition of “generating value” that includes in addition to the turnover, the environment, the social and governance aspects (commonly known as ESG). According to the case study, for better resilience in the future, a greater awareness of the importance of financial & environmental resilience is key, and the use of performance metrics and indicators (KPIs) is the way, to allow close monitoring of the activity to be alarmed in advance and strategically anticipate big crises.
The role of green logistics for environmental issues in city transport road ecology: A review
Authors: Yedilbayev B. , Kazmagambetov A. , Kazbekova K. , Akhmetkaliyeva S. , Majewski M. , Malybayev R. , Alimzhanova L. , Aidarkulov B.
Published: August 2023

The city from the ecological point of view represents the difficult habitat of the human including natural and anthropogenous subsystems. The first is made by the atmosphere, a lithosphere, the hydrosphere, and the biosphere, and the following subsystems enter into the second: production, town planning, and infrastructure. The degree of environmental friendliness of the city depends on a ratio of natural and anthropogenous subsystems.

Currently, many ways and methods are being used to use green logistics to solve environmental issues. There are factors that can help with this: fuel, infrastructure, the aerodynamics of cars, and technology.

In this literature review, green logistics in city transport road ecology is summarized as one of the main types of sources for solving environmental issues.

Investigating the city ecology by factual consideration includes townplanning ecology. The difference between town-planning ecology the engineering is that a subject of discipline is not the separate enterprise, but territorial complexes and systems of the occupied places. Thus, territorial and town-planning environmental management is studied. From these positions, the town-planning ecology is the key to the planning-technical subject. Methods of achievement of ecologically optimum compromise between anthropogenous systems of different levels and environments are investigated in it.
Comparative study of the Security Analysis of IoT systems using attack trees algorithm
Authors: Najat Rafalia , Haitam Ettazi , Jaafar Abouchabaka
Published: August 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly evolving environment that allows users to use and control a wide variety of connected objects. The 20 billion IoT devices that will be employed by 2020 are only the top of the iceberg. According to IDC, the overall amount of connected devices will rise to 41.6 billion over the next five years, producing over 80 Zettabytes of data by 2025 which will impact environment severely. These connected environments increase the attack surface of a system since; the risks are multiplied by the number of connected devices. These devices are responsible for more or less critical tasks, and can therefore be the target of users malicious, in this paper we present a methodology to evaluate the security of IoT systems. We propose a way to represent IoT systems, coupled with attack trees in order to assess the chances of success of an attack on a given system.
DNA technology for big data storage and error detection solutions: Hamming code vs Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Authors: Sais Manar , Rafalia Najat , Abouchabaka Jaafar
Published: August 2023

There is an increasing need for high-capacity, highdensity storage media that can retain data for a long time, due to the exponential development in the capacity of information generated. The durability and high information density of synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) make it an attractive and promising medium for data storage. DNA data storage technology is expected to revolutionize data storage in the coming years, replacing various Big Data storage technologies. As a medium that addresses the need for high-latency, immutable information storage, DNA has several potential advantages. One of the key advantages of DNA storage is its extraordinary density. Theoretically, a gram of DNA can encode 455 exabytes, or 2 bits per nucleotide. Unlike other digital storage media, synthetic DNA enables large quantities of data to be stored in a biological medium. This reduces the need for traditional storage media such as hard disks, which consume energy and require materials such as plastic or metals, and also often leads to the generation of electronic waste when they become obsolete or damaged. Additionally, although DNA degrades over thousands of years under non-ideal conditions, it is generally readable. Furthermore, as DNA possesses natural reading and writing enzymes as part of its biological functions, it is expected to remain the standard for data retrieval in the foreseeable future. However, the high error rate poses a significant challenge for DNA-based information coding strategies. Currently, it is impossible to execute DNA strand synthesis, amplification, or sequencing errors-free. In order to utilize synthetic DNA as a storage medium for digital data, specialized systems and solutions for direct error detection and correction must be implemented. The goal of this paper is to introduce DNA storage technology, outline the benefits and added value of this approach, and present an experiment comparing the effectiveness of two error detection and correction codes (Hamming and CRC) used in the DNA data storage strategy.
A Breast Cancer Detection Problem using various Machine Learning Techniques in the Context of Health Prediction System
Authors: Najat Rafalia , Haitam Ettazi , Jaafar Abouchabaka
Published: August 2023

Today, breast cancer is one of the most common diseases that can cause certain complications, sometimes worst-case scenario is death. Thus, there is an urgent need for a diagnosis tool that can help doctors detect the disease at an early stage and recommend the necessary lifestyle changes to stop the progression of the disease; the likelihood of developing cancer at a young age has also been greatly increased by environmental changes in our everyday lives. Machine learning is an urgent need today to enhance human effort and offer higher automation with fewer errors. In this article, a breast cancer detection and prediction system is developed based on machine learning models (SVM, NB, AdaBoost). The achieved accuracies of the developed models are as follows: SVM achieved an overall score of 98.82%, NB achieved an overall score of 97.71%, and finally, AdaBoost achieved an overall score of 97.71%.
Impact of E-learning on the environment and the optimization of the use of natural resources
Authors: Meryem Missaoui , Najat Rafalia , Jaafar Abouchabaka , Salmane Bourkkadi
Published: August 2023

Online education, also called e-learning, has several advantages in terms of environmental impact and optimization of resources. Over the past few years there has been a huge shift towards e-learning platforms as a place for learning and education. During these days of confinement due to the COVID19 virus, students, administrators, practitioners, administrators and others visited these platforms more than ever. E-learning allows learners to access courses and educational resources from anywhere, eliminating the need to physically travel to a learning location. That reduces fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with travel. For That reason, That article proposes a reflection on the concept of e-learning or computerized learning environment with the aim of allowing the involvement of users in the preservation of the environment and the optimization of the use of natural resources. The learning environment is defined in that article as a real or virtual place bringing together one or more systems that interact with a common objective, which is learning. The use of Learning and not teaching with environment confirms the fact that knowledge is made by a community of learners more than by the transmission of knowledge from the teacher to the student. Meanwhile, the learning environment is computerized when some or all of the interactions between the subsystems are supported by computing resources. Indeed, the environment hosts several activities in addition to the tools and equipment necessary for their realization. The concept of an open environment offers an interesting avenue for that purpose. It should be noted that e-learning does not completely replace traditional forms of education, but complements and diversifies learning options. Adopting e-learning in education can bring significant benefits in terms of environmental impact and value for money, while providing more flexible and accessible learning opportunities.
Automatic Detection of Generated Texts and Energy: Exploring the Relationship
Authors: Al Karkouri Adnane , Ghanimi Fadoua , Bourekkadi Salmane
Published: August 2023

The proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) technologies has enabled the generation of realistic and coherent texts, but it also raises concerns regarding the potential misuse of these technologies for generating misleading or malicious content. Automatic detection of generated texts is crucial in addressing this issue. This article provides a comprehensive examination of the relationship between the detection of generated texts and energy consumption, delving into the techniques, challenges, and opportunities for developing energyefficient algorithms for text detection.
The use of data mining to influence social entrepreneurship and territorial dynamics
Authors: Maftah J. , Pheniqi Y. , Bourkkadi S.
Published: August 2023

The digitalization of the economy is a trendy phenomenon that is transforming the micro and macro-economy, evolving at a record pace and directly impacting the performance and social entrepreneurship of organizations in various sectors around the world. Organizations must therefore face vast waves of data to follow the news and facilitate territorial intelligence. This world of data is defined by the collective name of data mining, the processing of which is usually carried out by artificial intelligence technology. Entrepreneurship creates spaces of solidarity, mutual aid and coalition between social groups suffering from poverty, precariousness and even precariousness, with the aim of ensuring equitable distribution for the benefit of all. In this context, Morocco has embarked on structural changes, strengthened its modern and competitive economy, facilitated the creation of growth and encouraged entrepreneurship, and has committed itself to national commitments to territorial development.

To get a broader and clearer idea of the impact of data mining and economic intelligence on territorial intelligence and social entrepreneurship, we seek to answer the following questions: How does social entrepreneurship promote territorial dynamics through artificial intelligence, particularly in the Fez-Meknes region?
Limiter les effets des campagnes électorales sur l’environnement grâce aux réseaux sociaux
Authors: Hajri Oumaima , Daife Younès
Published: August 2023

Les médias sociaux ont apporté des changements importants à plusieurs domaines comme la politique. Ces nouveaux médias sont devenus un canal d’information qui profite à la fois aux partis politiques et aux citoyens. Les candidats politiques s’en servent pour transmettre leurs informations et élargir la portée de leurs messages. Cela permet, entre autres choses, d’orienter les électeurs dans leurs choix électoraux. Compte tenu des changements qu’ont introduit les réseaux sociaux, nous nous sommes demandé, comment ces nouveaux médias peuvent limiter les effets des campagnes électorales sur l’environnement ? Cette question de recherche nous est venue à l’esprit, après avoir remarqué que les partis politiques marocains ont l’habitude d’inclure la distribution des tracts dans leurs campagnes électorales, bien que durant les dernières élections législatives de 2021, cette pratique a été interdite dans certaines provinces et autorisée dans d’autres, sous des conditions, en guise de mesure sanitaire. Cela dit, pour répondre à notre question de recherche, nous avons mené une enquête quantitative qui couvre les dernières élections législatives. Il ressort de notre étude que notre échantillonnage s’est basé principalement sur les réseaux sociaux pour suivre les campagnes électorales. En plus de cela, les partis politiques ont dû intégrer le digital dans leur stratégie de communication, compte tenu du contexte sanitaire. D’ailleurs, leur empreinte numérique a augmenté durant cette période. C’est ce qui nous a amenés à dire que les partis politiques peuvent se passer des tracts qui polluent les rues, d’autant plus que durant les dernières élections, le parti qui a gagné est celui qui a enregistré la plus forte présence sur les médias sociaux. Cela dit, les réseaux sociaux sont non seulement un atout pour les candidats politiques, mais aussi un moyen de limiter l’impact des campagnes électorales sur l’environnement, à travers une démarche zéro papier qui sert les objectifs du développement durable.
La rentabilité de la production d’oignons au Maroc face à un choc de production et une augmentation des coûts de production
Authors: Hamidi Bouchra , Bourkhiss Brahim
Published: August 2023

Cette étude vise à analyser la rentabilité de la culture d’oignons dans la région Fès Meknès au Maroc et visualiser la sensibilité de cette culture face à une augmentation des coûts de production ou baisse de rendement du aux changements climatiques Les données utilisées ont été collectées auprès de 80 producteurs choisis de façon aléatoire. Différentes méthodes d’analyse, l’analyse budgétaire, la comparaison entre la valeur de production et les coûts de production, ainsi que l’analyse de corrélation, ont été utilisées pour l’analyse des données. Les résultats de l’analyse budgétaire montrent que la production d’oignons est rentable et que la rentabilité est sensible à une baisse de production ou une hausse de coût. Par comparaison, l’analyse montre que les répercussions d’un choc de production sont plus néfastes d’une augmentation des coûts de production. Afin d’accroître la rentabilité, les producteurs devraient adopter des pratiques agricoles qui favorisent la productivité. L’analyse corrélationnelle révèle une relation positive et significative entre le revenu net agricole et le type d’irrigation et le niveau d’instruction des exploitants. Ces variables sont des facteurs à prendre en compte pour améliorer le niveau de rentabilité.