bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration of Off-the-Shelf Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Magnetometers
Authors: Schulz Leonard , Heinisch Philip , Richter Ingo
Published: April 2019

Magnetometers based on the anisotropic magnetoresistive effect are used in many applications for orientation determination, by measuring the magnetic field of the Earth. As sensors of this type are commercial, off-the-shelf components, manufacturers provide limited information on their measurement performance. Therefore, we present a (to date) unprecedented comprehensive calibration study on three state-of-the-art digital anisotropic magnetoresistance magnetometers, to precisely determine various performance parameters and stability across different sensors of the same model. With the evaluation of sensitivity, noise, offset, and orientation determination, as well as considering dependencies on temperature and frequency, the performance of each sensor can be improved significantly, enabling their implementation in demanding fields of application (such as in satellites). Different measurement and calibration techniques, specifically aimed at the characteristics of the examined magnetometers, were utilized, using a sophisticated magnetic laboratory that has served as a calibration facility for several interplanetary space missions. Our study allows operators to decide whether to consider anisotropic magnetoresitance magnetometers for their application and, more importantly, to be able to (at least partially) skip a time-intensive and complicated calibration by using the sensor parameters given in this paper. To that end, the most promising sensor is recommended. The sensor examination suggests a good comparability of different sensors of the same model, and shows the importance of noise regarding the sensor performance with a noise floor up to 124 nT/Hz at 1 Hz. Additionally, depending on the sensor model, the sensitivity is 14 nT at best, and the attitude determination error can be reduced to about 0.3° with the given calibration.
Separating Leaf and Wood Points in Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data Using Multiple Optimal Scales
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Wei Hongqiang , Zhou Guiyun , Song Lihui
Published: April 2019

The separation of leaf and wood points is an essential preprocessing step for extracting many of the parameters of a tree from terrestrial laser scanning data. The multi-scale method and the optimal scale method are two of the most widely used separation methods. In this study, we extend the optimal scale method to the multi-optimal-scale method, adaptively selecting multiple optimal scales for each point in the tree point cloud to increase the distinctiveness of extracted geometric features. Compared with the optimal scale method, our method achieves higher separation accuracy. Compared with the multi-scale method, our method achieves more stable separation accuracy with a limited number of optimal scales. The running time of our method is greatly reduced when the optimization strategy is applied.
Monitoring for Coastal Resilience: Preliminary Data from Five Italian Sandy Beaches
Authors: Parlagreco Luca , Melito Lorenzo , Devoti Saverio , Perugini Eleonora , Soldini Luciano , Zitti Gianluca , Brocchini Maurizio
Published: April 2019

Video-monitoring can be exploited as a valuable tool to acquire continuous, high-quality information on the evolution of beach morphology at a low cost and, on such basis, perform beach resilience analyses. This manuscript presents preliminary results of an ongoing, long-term monitoring programme of five sandy Italian beaches along the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian sea. The project aims at analyzing nearshore morphologic variabilities on a time period of several years, to link them to resilience indicators. The observations indicate that most of the beach width variations can be linked to discrete variations of sandbar systems, and most of all to an offshore migration and decay of the outermost bars. Further, the largest net shoreline displacements across the observation period are experienced by beaches with a clear NOM (Net Offshore Migration)-type evolution of the seabed.
A Study of Sensor Placement Optimization Problem for Guided Wave-Based Damage Detection
Authors: Soman Rohan , Kudela Pawel , Balasubramaniam Kaleeswaran , Singh Shishir Kumar , Malinowski Pawel
Published: April 2019

Guided waves (GW) allow fast inspection of a large area and hence have attracted research interest from the structural health monitoring (SHM) community. Thus, GW-based SHM is ideal for thin structures such as plates, pipes, etc., and is finding applications in several fields like aerospace, automotive, wind energy, etc. The GW propagate along the surface of the sample and get reflected from discontinuities in the structure in the form of boundaries and damage. Through proper signal processing of the reflected waves based on their time of arrival, the damage can be detected and isolated. For complex structures, a higher number of sensors may be required, which increases the cost of the equipment, as well as the mass. Thus, there is an effort to reduce the number of sensors without compromising the quality of the monitoring achieved. It is of utmost importance that the entire structure can be investigated. Hence, it is necessary to optimize the locations of the sensors in order to maximize the coverage while limiting the number of sensors used. A genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization strategy was proposed by the authors for use in a simple aluminum plate. This paper extends the optimization methodology for other shape plates and presents experimental, analytical, and numerical studies. The sensitivity studies have been carried out by changing the relative weights of the application demands and presented in the form of a Pareto front. The Pareto front allows comparison of the relative importance of the different application demands, and an appropriate choice can be made based on the information provided.
Online Siamese Network for Visual Object Tracking
Authors: Chang Shuo , Li Wei , Zhang Yifan , Feng Zhiyong
Published: April 2019

Offline-trained Siamese networks are not robust to the environmental complication in visual object tracking. Without online learning, the Siamese network cannot learn from instance domain knowledge and adapt to appearance changes of targets. In this paper, a new lightweight Siamese network is proposed for feature extraction. To cope with the dynamics of targets and backgrounds, the weight in the proposed Siamese network is updated in an online manner during the tracking process. In order to enhance the discrimination capability, the cross-entropy loss is integrated into the contrastive loss. Inspired by the face verification algorithm DeepID2, the Bayesian verification model is applied for candidate selection. In general, visual object tracking can benefit from face verification algorithms. Numerical results suggest that the newly developed algorithm achieves comparable performance in public benchmarks.
A Novel Illumination Compensation Technique for Multi-Spectral Imaging in NDVI Detection
Authors: Jiang Rui , Wang Pei , Xu Yan , Zhou Zhiyan , Luo Xiwen , Lan Yubin
Published: April 2019

To overcome the dependence on sunlight of multi-spectral cameras, an active light source multi-spectral imaging system was designed and a preliminary experimental study was conducted at night without solar interference. The system includes an active light source and a multi-spectral camera. The active light source consists of four integrated LED (Light Emitting Diode) arrays and adjustable constant current power supplies. The red LED arrays and the near-infrared LED arrays are each driven by an independently adjustable constant current power supply. The center wavelengths of the light source are 668 nm and 840 nm, which are consistent with that of filter lens of the Rededge-M multi-spectral camera. This paper shows that the radiation intensity measured is proportional to the drive current and is inversely proportional to the radiation distance, which is in accordance with the inverse square law of light. Taking the inverse square law of light into account, a radiation attenuation model was established based on the principle of image system and spatial geometry theory. After a verification test of the radiation attenuation model, it can be concluded that the average error between the radiation intensity obtained using this model and the actual measured value using a spectrometer is less than 0.0003 w/m2. In addition, the fitting curve of the multi-spectral image grayscale digital number (DN) and reflected radiation intensity at the 668 nm (Red light) is y = −3484230x2 + 721083x + 5558, with a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.998. The fitting curve with the 840 nm (near-infrared light) is y = 491469.88x + 3204, with a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.995, so the reflected radiation intensity on the plant canopy can be calculated according to the grayscale DN. Finally, the reflectance of red light and near-infrared light can be calculated, as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index. Based on the above model, four plants were placed at 2.85 m away from the active light source multi-spectral imaging system for testing. Meanwhile, NDVI index of each plant was measured by a Greenseeker hand-held crop sensor. The results show that the data from the two systems were linearly related and correlated with a coefficient of 0.995, indicating that the system in this article can effectively detect the vegetation NDVI index. If we want to use this technology for remote sensing in UAV, the radiation intensity attenuation and working distance of the light source are issues that need to be considered carefully.
Development of Acoustic Emission Sensor Optimized for Partial Discharge Monitoring in Power Transformers
Authors: Sikorski Wojciech
Published: April 2019

The acoustic emission (AE) technique is one of the unconventional methods of partial discharges (PD) detection. It plays a particularly important role in oil-filled power transformers diagnostics because it enables the detection and online monitoring of PDs as well as localization of their sources. The performance of this technique highly depends on measurement system configuration but mostly on the type of applied AE sensor. The paper presents, in detail, the design and manufacturing stages of an ultrasensitive AE sensor optimized for partial discharge detection in power transformers. The design assumptions were formulated based on extensive laboratory research, which allowed for the identification of dominant acoustic frequencies emitted by partial discharges in oil–paper insulation. The Krimholtz–Leedom–Matthaei (KLM) model was used to iteratively find optimal material and geometric properties of the main structures of the prototype AE sensor. It has two sensing elements with opposite polarization direction and different heights. The fully differential design allowed to obtain the desired properties of the transducer, i.e., a two-resonant (68 kHz and 90 kHz) and wide (30–100 kHz) frequency response curve, high peak sensitivity (−61.1 dB ref. V/µbar), and low noise. The laboratory tests confirmed that the prototype transducer is characterized by ultrahigh sensitivity of partial discharge detection. Compared to commonly used commercial AE sensors, the average amplitude of PD pulses registered with the prototype sensor was a minimum of 5.2 dB higher, and a maximum of 19.8 dB higher.
Machine Learning Methods Applied to Predict Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection via Sensor Array of Electronic Nose in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Liao Yu-Hsuan , Wang Zhong-Chuang , Zhang Fu-Gui , Abbod Maysam F. , Shih Chung-Hung , Shieh Jiann-Shing
Published: April 2019

One concern to the patients is the off-line detection of pneumonia infection status after using the ventilator in the intensive care unit. Hence, machine learning methods for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rapid diagnose are proposed. A popular device, Cyranose 320 e-nose, is usually used in research on lung disease, which is a highly integrated system and sensor comprising 32 array using polymer and carbon black materials. In this study, a total of 24 subjects were involved, including 12 subjects who are infected with pneumonia, and the rest are non-infected. Three layers of back propagation artificial neural network and support vector machine (SVM) methods were applied to patients’ data to predict whether they are infected with VAP with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy and the generalization of the prediction models, the ensemble neural networks (ENN) method was applied. In this study, ENN and SVM prediction models were trained and tested. In order to evaluate the models’ performance, a fivefold cross-validation method was applied. The results showed that both ENN and SVM models have high recognition rates of VAP with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, with 0.9479 ± 0.0135 and 0.8686 ± 0.0422 accuracies, 0.9714 ± 0.0131, 0.9250 ± 0.0423 sensitivities, and 0.9288 ± 0.0306, 0.8639 ± 0.0276 positive predictive values, respectively. The ENN model showed better performance compared to SVM in the recognition of VAP with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the two models were 0.9842 ± 0.0058 and 0.9410 ± 0.0301, respectively, showing that both models are very stable and accurate classifiers. This study aims to assist the physician in providing a scientific and effective reference for performing early detection in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection or other diseases.
Farmland Ecological Compensation Zoning and Horizontal Fiscal Payment Mechanism in Wuhan Agglomeration, China, From the Perspective of Ecological Footprint
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhang Fan , Luo Cheng , Zhang Anlu
Published: April 2019

This study proposes a farmland ecological compensation zoning index (FECZI) and a horizontal farmland ecological fiscal payment model to assess the amount of horizontal fiscal payment in the 48 districts of the Wuhan Agglomeration of China. The results indicate that: 14 districts of Wuhan Agglomeration are classified into farmland ecological payment areas and the remaining 34 districts are compensation ones. Moreover, the largest ecological payment area is Hongshan (109,901.05 × 104 Yuan), while the lowest is Tieshan (83.69 × 104 Yuan). The largest ecological compensation area is Tianmen (–84,076.11 × 104 Yuan), while the least is Hannan (−1340.58 × 104 Yuan). The findings can be used in the reform of farmland ecological compensation as well as innovation of fiscal payment mechanism in Wuhan Agglomeration, China.
An Integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process—Slack Based Measure-Data Envelopment Analysis Model for Evaluating the Efficiency of Logistics Service Providers Considering Undesirable Performance Criteria
Authors: Bajec Patricija , Tuljak-Suban Danijela
Published: April 2019

Sustainable concerns are reputed to be of the utmost priority among governments. Consequently, they have become more and more of a concern among supply chain partners. Logistics service providers (LPs), as significant contributors to supply chain success but also one of the greatest generator of emissions, play a significant role in reducing the negative environmental impact. Thus, the performance evaluations of LPs should necessarily involve such a measure which, firstly, represents a balance between all three pillars of sustainability and, secondly, consider the desirable and undesirable performance criteria. This paper proposes an integrated analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and slack-based measure (SBM) data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, based on the assumption of a variable return to scale (VRS). An AHP pairwise comparison enables selecting the most influential input/output variables. Output-oriented SBM DEA provides simultaneously evaluation of both the undesirable and desirable outputs. The proposed model was tested on a numerical example of 18 LPs. The comparison of output Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) and SBM DEA models resulted in a higher number of inefficient LPs when the SBM DEA model was applied. Moreover, efficiency scores of inefficient LPs were lower in SBM DEA model. The proposed model is fair to those LPs that are environmentally friendly.
Mapping Urban Resilience for Spatial Planning—A First Attempt to Measure the Vulnerability of the System
Authors: Brunetta Grazia , Salata Stefano
Published: April 2019

The concept of ‘resilience’ breaks down silos by providing a ‘conceptual umbrella’ under which different disciplines come together to tackle complex problems with more holistic interventions. Acknowledging the complexity of Davoudi’s approach (2012) means to recognize that ‘spatial resilience’ is influenced by many phenomena that are difficult to measure: the adaptation and transformation of a co-evolutive system. This paper introduces a pioneering approach that is propaedeutic to the spatial measure of urban resilience assuming that it is possible to define a system as being intrinsically vulnerable to stress and shocks and minimally resilient, as described by Folke in 2006. In this sense, vulnerability is counterpoised to resilience, even if they act simultaneously: the first includes the exposure to a specific hazard, whereas the second emerges from the characteristics of a complex socio-ecological and technical system. Here we present a Geographic Information System-based vulnerability matrix performed in ESRI ArcGIS 10.6 environment as an output of the spatial interaction between sensitivities, shocks, and linear pressures of the urban system. The vulnerability is the first step of measuring the resilience of the system by a semi-quantitative approach. The spatial interaction of these measures is useful to define the interventions essential to designing and building the adaptation of the built environment by planning governance. Results demonstrate how mapping resilience aids the spatial planning decision-making processes, indicating where and what interventions are necessary to adapt and transform the system.
Media Coverage and Sustainable Stock Returns: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Tian , Liu Jinsong , Ying Qianwei , Yousaf Tahir
Published: April 2019

This paper explores the relationship between media coverage and stock returns using monthly data of news reports from major Chinese newspapers. We find that firms with higher media coverage in the current month have higher sustainable stock returns in the following months over a one-year period compared with those with lower media coverage, which means that media coverage has a more significant and positive influence on sustainable stock returns in the markets, dominated by individual/immature investors. These results are largely robust to various robustness checks. Further empirical results demonstrate that in the Chinese stock market, a higher level of media coverage might cause higher sustained investor attention, which may drive up the buying pressure and thus lead to higher sustainable stock returns in the following year. Our results show that the effect of media coverage on stock returns depends on the characteristics of investors.
EASIER: An Evaluation Model for Public–Private Partnerships Contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Berrone Pascual , Ricart Joan , Duch Ana , Bernardo Valeria , Salvador Jordi , Piedra Peña Juan , Rodríguez Planas Miquel
Published: April 2019

Recently, public–private partnerships (PPPs) have attracted renewed attention as a valuable tool to close the gap between public services and social needs. In fact, the United Nations (UN) proposed collaboration across multiple stakeholders as one of the key goals for securing global sustainable development. Yet, PPPs remain a controversial proposition for many due to, among other factors, the complexity and limitation of current systems to assess their impact beyond the notion of value for money. This study offers a conceptual model (EASIER) that accounts for six dimensions that are relevant for social, environmental, and economic progress. We also propose a questionnaire to assess the impact of PPPs on UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and apply it to a PPP contract as an illustration. We advocate the use of EASIER as an initial evaluation model due to its simplicity and its holistic perspective.
Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Process Gases within Municipal Biowaste Compost
Authors: Stegenta Sylwia , Sobieraj Karolina , Pilarski Grzegorz , Koziel Jacek A. , Białowiec Andrzej
Published: April 2019

Composting processes reduce the weight and volume of biowaste and produce products that can be used in agriculture (e.g., as fertilizer). Despite the benefits of composting, there are also problems such as odors and the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. This research aimed to investigate the phenomenon of process gas (CO, CO2, NO, O2) evolution within a large-scale municipal composter. The effects of turning frequency and pile location (outdoor vs. indoors) on process gas and temperature spatial and temporal evolution were studied in six piles (37‒81 tons of initial weight) over a six-month period. The biowaste consisted of green waste and municipal sewage sludge. The chemical composition and temperature of process gases within four cross sections with seven sampling locations were analyzed weekly for ~7–8 weeks (a total of 1375 cross sections). The aeration degree, temperature, CO, CO2, and NO concentration and their spatial and temporal distribution were analyzed. Final weight varied from 66% reduction to 7% weight gain. Only 8.2% of locations developed the desired chimney effect (utilizing natural buoyancy to facilitate passive aeration). Only 31.1% of locations reached thermophilic conditions (necessary to inactivate pathogens). Lower O2 levels corresponded with elevated CO2 concentrations. CO production increased in the initial composting phase. Winter piles were characterized by the lowest CO content. The most varied was the NO distribution in all conditions. The O2 concentration was lowest in the central part of the pile, and aeration conditions were good regardless of the technological regime used. Turning once a week was sufficient overall. Based on the results, the most favorable recommended procedure is turning twice a week for the first two weeks, followed by weekly turning for the next two weeks. After that, turning can be stopped unless additional removal of moisture is needed. In this case, weekly turning should continue until the process is completed. The size of the pile should follow the surface-to-volume ratio: <2.5 and <2 for cooler ambient conditions.
Erratum: Yu, W.; Jiao, J. Sustainability of Abandoned Slopes in the Hill and Gully Loess Plateau Region Considering Deep Soil Water. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2287
Authors: Yu Weijie , Jiao Juying
Published: April 2019

The authors did not notice during the proofreading phase that there were errors in the affiliations, funding, and acknowledgments [...]
Occurrence of the d-Proline Chemotype in Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Lenci Elena , Trabocchi Andrea
Published: April 2019

Natural and nonnatural amino acids represent important building blocks for the development of peptidomimetic scaffolds, especially for targeting proteolytic enzymes and for addressing protein–protein interactions. Among all the different amino acids derivatives, proline is particularly relevant in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry due to its secondary structure’s inducing and stabilizing properties. Also, the pyrrolidine ring is a conformationally constrained template that can direct appendages into specific clefts of the enzyme binding site. Thus, many papers have appeared in the literature focusing on the use of proline and its derivatives as scaffolds for medicinal chemistry applications. In this review paper, an insight into the different biological outcomes of d-proline and l-proline in enzyme inhibitors is presented, especially when associated with matrix metalloprotease and metallo-β-lactamase enzymes.
Imaginary Chemical Potential, NJL-Type Model and Confinement–Deconfinement Transition
Authors: Kashiwa Kouji
Published: April 2019

In this review, we present of an overview of several interesting properties of QCD at finite imaginary chemical potential and those applications to exploring the QCD phase diagram. The most important properties of QCD at a finite imaginary chemical potential are the Roberge–Weiss periodicity and the transition. We summarize how these properties play a crucial role in understanding QCD properties at finite temperature and density. This review covers several topics in the investigation of the QCD phase diagram based on the imaginary chemical potential.
Distribution and Phylogeny of Erythrocytic Necrosis Virus (ENV) in Salmon Suggests Marine Origin
Authors: Pagowski Veronica , Mordecai Gideon , Miller Kristina , Schulze Angela , Kaukinen Karia , Ming Tobi , Li Shaorong , Teffer Amy , Tabata Amy , Suttle Curtis
Published: April 2019

Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) affects over 20 species of marine and anadromous fishes in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. However, the distribution and strain variation of its viral causative agent, erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV), has not been well characterized within Pacific salmon. Here, metatranscriptomic sequencing of Chinook salmon revealed that ENV infecting salmon was closely related to ENV from Pacific herring, with inferred amino-acid sequences from Chinook salmon being 99% identical to those reported for herring. Sequence analysis also revealed 89 protein-encoding sequences attributed to ENV, greatly expanding the amount of genetic information available for this virus. High-throughput PCR of over 19,000 fish showed that ENV is widely distributed in the NE Pacific Ocean and was detected in 12 of 16 tested species, including in 27% of herring, 38% of anchovy, 17% of pollock, and 13% of sand lance. Despite frequent detection in marine fish, ENV prevalence was significantly lower in fish from freshwater (0.03%), as assessed with a generalized linear mixed effects model (p = 5.5 × 10−8). Thus, marine fish are likely a reservoir for the virus. High genetic similarity between ENV obtained from salmon and herring also suggests that transmission between these hosts is likely.
Bryophyte Communities along a Tropical Urban River Respond to Heavy Metal and Arsenic Pollution
Authors: Vásquez Cristina , Calva James , Morocho Ramiro , Donoso David A. , Benítez Ángel
Published: April 2019

Aquatic and rheophilous bryophytes can indicate water pollution as they bioaccumulate toxic water elements. We evaluated (1) bioaccumulation of eight heavy metals and arsenic by Marchantia polymorpha L., and (2) changes in bryophyte community structure, as responses to urban pollution in southern Ecuador. To this end, we registered presence/absence and coverage of submerged bryophytes in 120 quadrats across three zones of the Zamora river inside Loja city, and a control zone in a nearby forest. We found that the concentrations of five (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn) of the eight chemical elements and arsenic were highest in urban M. polymorpha. Moreover, bryophyte species richness decreased in urban zones. Bryophyte community structure also differed between control and city zones, but no differences were found among city zones. The control zone was composed by a more distinct set of bryophyte species, e.g., an indicator species analysis showed that 16 species had high and significant indicator values for control zone, but only 11 species were indicators of at least one of the three urban zones. We concluded that bryophytes, in general, and M. polymorpha, in particular, can be suitable biomonitors of water quality in tropical urban rivers.
Multi-decade voltage dividers with phase regulation
Authors: Surdu D.
Published: April 2019

Phase controlled accurate voltage divider creates two coherent AC voltages with calculated magnitude ratio using additional voltages with calculated phase control. Ratio of these voltages is calculated theoretically with high accuracy.
Digital-to-analog converters (DAC) are used to create AC additional voltages. Because of it the discreteness of the phase controlled voltage divider is equal to DACs digit divided on two. Modern DAC, depend on their operation speed, usually have 6-16 digits. Consequently, the discreteness of the relative magnitude phase control lies in the range of 3 × 10–2 –3 × 10–5. Discreteness of the DAC phase control only slightly infl uence on the accuracy of the magnitude phase control, so that only discreteness of DAC infl uences on the accuracy of measurement by phase controlled dividers.
Report describes the methods of the discreteness uncertainty reduction in voltage dividers with phase control. Two methods of the discreteness uncertainty reduction are discussed. First one use phase controlled dividers only. Other one use mixed both phase and magnitude control. The discreteness uncertainty of both methods is investigated. Possibility of the crea tion of the phase controlled divider with diff erent control low are discussed and analyzed. Decade calibration in both cases is developed and researched.
Accuracy of Location Currency and Processing of Received Data on International Transport Corridors and High-Speed Masters
Authors: Pogrebnyak V. , Shevchenko A. , Matvienko A.
Published: April 2019

The main stages of geodetic survey of the railway are considered, both in the new construction and in the reconstruction of existing sites. The analysis of the line plan on curves and direct sections of the railways of Ukrainian international transport corridors is given. Calculations are made on the method of recording the accuracy of measurements at high speed and extra-high speed, confi rmed the need to take into account the type of volumes of work, the establishment of rational parameters of the plan in accordance with the specifi ed levels of maximum speed.
Interlaboratory Comparisons of Calibration Results of the Measures of Electrical Resistance of Direct Current
Authors: Velychko O. , Dovgan V. , Nikitenko D. , Brezytskyi Ia.
Published: April 2019

The article presents the results of the first round of inter-laboratory comparisons of the measures of electric resistance on a direct current of three resistance nominals: 1 Om, 10 Om and 100 Om. The reference laboratory has studied the measures of electrical resistance as a means of comparison, defined the reference values of comparison with the calculation of their extended uncertainties. The comparison of the results of measurements obtained during the calibration of the measures of electrical resistance of eight laboratories took place according to the radial scheme in 2016. The deviations of the results obtained by each laboratory were determined and their correctness was evaluated taking into account the uncertainty of measurements by one of the criteria for performance statistics for the selected electrical resistance ratings.
Application of the Statistical Approach to Evaluating the Performance of Processes for Their Constant Improvement
Authors: Volodarskiy Y. , Aksionova L.
Published: April 2019

The article considers the approach to ensuring the continuous improvement of the processes of the quality management system (QMS), which is carried out during the internal audit (IA) and is based on a statistical approach to assessing their effectiveness. A procedure is proposed for sequentially reducing the variations of the process indicators using the Pearson statistical criterion.
About the Forming Light City Environment
Authors: Kononenko G. , Nazarenko L.
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the theoretical and methodological principles of creating the concept of forming artificial light city environment. The principle of the concept is a fundamentally new attitude towards the evening environment and architecture of the city, their qualities, means and methods of creation. The result of the concept implementation is a theoretical model of light-spatial structure of the environment in residential areas. It should have a certain regulation based on a number of criteria and an assessment of the light-composition parameters.
Method of estimation of interference noise in transmission systems with orthogonal harmonic signals
Authors: Lyakhovetsky L.
Published: April 2019

The method of estimation of interference noise that arises in transmission systems with orthogonal harmonic signals due to linear distortions of signals in the telecommunication channel is proposed. The method can be used both for simulation of telecommunication systems, and for the construction of measuring devices with the function of estimation of interference noise based on the results of measuring the characteristics of the telecommunication channel.The results of estimation of interference noise for ADSL2 + subscriber access transmission system are presented.
Harmonization of Standards in the Field of Communication Networks and Systems for Automation of Electric Power Enterprises. Part 1. Information Models and Modeling Methods
Authors: Volodarsky Ye. , Denisyuk S. , Voloshko A.
Published: April 2019

The development of the Ukrainian electricity sector in terms of energy independence and energy saving is directly related to the introduction of so-called Smart Grid technologies — the construction of intelligent electrical networks. That, in turn, requires their automation, and first of all — electric substations, and, consequently, the introduction of a number of standards harmonized with international ones. Such standards are: IEC 61850‑1 IEC 61850‑6; IEC 61850-7 ÷ IEC 61850-7-5); IEC 61850-8-1; IEC 61850-9-2; IEC 61850-10.
Based on the analysis of these standards in the article presented, from the conceptual point of view, the perception in the understanding of the basic concepts of modeling and description methods for information models of stations and substations, the functions of devices used in the automation of substations and communication systems to provide interoperability within substations.
Metrological Assurance of Large Torque Measurements
Authors: Leonov G. , Koval V. , Demchenko А.
Published: April 2019

The problems of metrological assurance for large torque measuring, reproduced by hydraulic torque wrenches and screwdrivers, are considered.
The authors developed the system, principles and procedures for calibrating the PLARAD device, used for calibration of hydraulic torque wrenches up to 1000 N·m.
The results of the PLARAD device calibration are presented.
Experimental Studies of an Eddy Current Transducer with Spatially Periodic Fields
Authors: Gorkunov B. , Lvov S. , Shaiban Tamer , Borysenko Y.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of the experimentally obtained and calculated values of the measuring windings total EMF amplitudes of the eddy current transducer with spatially periodic fields when magnetic and nonmagnetic cylindrical product are placed in it. To realize this goal in the work, a transducer with translational symmetry of excitation magnetic field has been developed.
Translation symmetry typical example is the field of a long current conductor. The paper considers quasi-static electromagnetic field with the wavelength that exceeds characteristic transverse dimensions of conductor and cylinder.
As the study result it is seen a satisfactory coincidence of the calculated and experimentally obtained values of the EMF of the transducer output signal in the cases of the product absence and with variety of products. As for example for measuring windings with angular coordinates φ = 30° and 60° an error of voltage values difference is less than 10%.
The study shows that the advantage of such transducers while operating on one fixed frequency is capability to perform the multi-parameter testing on account of processing of certain amount of some spatial harmonics of excitation field.
The Features Ofapplication of Normative Documents to Inverse Problems of Measurement
Authors: Poliarus O. , Brovko Ja. , Maletska O.
Published: April 2019

The most important parameters of technically complex objects are controlled by means of measu­ring channels, which in turn are calibrated in established terms. These procedures are sometimes economically unattractive and gradually, along with the classic calibration, online monitoring of channels is being introduced. It is promising to use online moni­toring methods for solving inverse measurement problems that allow to obtain a slightly distorted input signal. Nowadays there are no normative documents regarding the inverse problems and the qua­lity of the input signal restoration. The scientific basis must be created for their implementation. Some scientific theses that should be used when creating normative documents, terminology and recommendations are considered in the article.
Role of the Light and Urban Design in Adjusting the Scale of Urban Spaces
Authors: Kononenko G.
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the principles of the light and urbandesign, its main stages and regulatory action mechanisms. It is emphasized that with the help of the developed method of the light and urban designing it is possible to create comfortable urban spaces, which correspond to the person's scale and to be organically integrated into the macrostructure of the city.
Some Features of the Calibration Equipment for Measuring the Parameters of Impedance
Authors: Surdu M.
Published: April 2019

Peculiarities of the accurate impedance meters calibration are considered. Author show that most important and complicate part of calibration procedure consists in determination of two uncertainty components: additive error and error, caused by nonlinearity of the meter transfer function.
Problems of the determination of the additive error are caused by the fact, that there no exist accurate standard of the zero impedance. Author considers the creation of proper zero impedance standard, whose impedance can be arbitrarily close to zero and its impedance remnant can be estimated on the base of its geometrical dimensions. Implementation of such standard is very simple, cheap, and easily carried out. This standard works well on DC. Standard of zero impedance for AC measurement consists of two coaxial T-branches, which are connected through insertion piece. Such standard eliminates influence of the possible mutual inductive connection between current and voltage loops of the proper cables, which connect the “zero impedance standard” and measuring devise.
To determine nonlinearity of the transfer function author analyze using of the non accurate resistive or alternative impedance dividers. To use such dividers in whole range of measurements special structures of these dividers where developed. In these structures measurement of the divider standards are provided together with impedance of their terminals. It eliminates influence of the impedance of these terminals on the accuracy of meter calibration or unit transfer. Special complex of two-standards dividers were developed to simplify the accurate calibration of the impedance meters.
Identification of Distribution Laws Using the Correlation Coefficient Using Python
Authors: Losikhin D. , Oliynyk O. , Chorna O. , Gnatko О.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the development of a new method for identifying the distribution laws when evaluating the results of multiple measurements. The identification of the distribution laws is today an urgent metrological task, since the adopted restrictions on the number of measurements and assumptions about the distribution law of random error may introduce additional uncertainty in the assessment of the measurement result.
The use of well-known classical approaches to the identification of distribution laws is associated with a number of difficulties associated with the need to use the completeness of the considered set of models and the correct application of the corresponding statistical methods. The main limitation associated with the use of classical approaches to the identification of distribution laws is that they are designed for use in data processing systems based on Gaussian distribution (normal) and, thus, are not universal. The imperfection of mathematical models of processing measurement information leads to the possible erroneous identification of the distribution law.
The paper proposes a method for identifying the distribution laws for data outside the Gaussian distribution region. The model is based on the calculation of correlation coefficients for data with different distribution laws. The correlation coefficient is used to estimate the proximity of probability density functions and is calculated for pairs of different probability densities represented by histograms in a multidimensional vector space on an orthonormal basis of unit sampling intervals. Based on the obtained matrix of the values ​​of the correlation coefficients, a classification estimate of the unknown distribution laws is performed based on the experimental data of the simulated samples. A listing of the software implementation of the model in the Python software environment is given.
Research of the Electrical Parameters of the Telephone Cable in the Frequency Range Up To 30 MHz
Authors: Balashov V. , Lashko A. , Lyakhovetsky L. , Oreshkov V. , Toporkov F.
Published: April 2019

The work is devoted to the research of the electrical parameters of the domestic telephone cables in the frequency range from 1 to 30 MHz. The paper presents the results of the experimental determination of the frequency characteristics of the transmission parameters and the crosstalk of the TPPep 10х2х0,4 and TPPepZ 10х2х0,4 types telephone cables produced by ODESKABEL PJSC. The conformity of the domestic production cables with the requirements for digital subscriber line cables for VDSL2 technology services is determined. According to the results of the measurements, approximation formulas for the frequency dependence of the own attenuation, near end crosstalk and equal level far end crosstalk, which are proposed to be used in the modelling of the transmission systems using VDSL2 technology on the domestic broadband access networks based on these cables, are determined.
Infoliological Modeling of Technologies for the Creation Materials for Footorological Structures and Systems
Authors: Baranov G. , Komisarenko O. , Chaka O.
Published: April 2019

Розроблено технологію структуризації знань атрибутних елементів баз даних для перспективних програмно-апаратних комплексів моделювання процесів перетворення сирої речовини в конструктивний матеріал.
To assessing social efficiency of rail high-speed lines
Authors: Mironova I.A. , Tischenko T.I.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the method of assessing the public efficiency of infrastructure investment projects related to the creation of railway sections with high-speed traffic. The algorithms of calculation of efficiency criteria based on the account of external effects from construction and operation of high-speed highway are offered; the composition and structure of external effects and approaches to their definition are characterized.
IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNICAL EXPERTISE USING A HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPLEX OF AUTOMATED INSPECTION
Authors: Наумов А. , Naumov Andrey , Юдин Д. , Yudin D. , Долженко А. , Dolzhenko Aleksandr
Published: April 2019

In the construction and technical expertise of buildings, inspection is an important and crucial part in the conclusions about the technical condition of the object. It is carried out visually and instrumentally with the interpretation of results by subjective expert methods. The current performance standard of construction and technical inspection has several disadvantages: essential schematics of collection algorithms, simplified diagnostics and coarsening of the analysis of field research results for geometrically extended or constructively complex real estate objects, which are caused by negative influence of human factors on the process of inspection , weather conditions, inaccessibility of the object, low information culture of documenting and archiving survey results. This complicates the dynamic monitoring of the object and is characterized by significant increase in the cost and timing of the repair work due to the delayed diagnosis of defects and the selectivity of the scope of expert research.

The proposed system is designed to improve the reliability, objectivity, unification of approaches and information flows associated with the construction and technical expertise of buildings and structures. It is based on photo and video filming of long and hard to reach surfaces of buildings and structures using unmanned aerial vehicles with subsequent automated processing of the material obtained, its intellectual analysis, automated recognition, classification, quantification of installed defects; as well as innovative technology for documenting and automating the adoption of rational organizational and technological decisions in the practice of technical operation and monitoring of the functional reliability of the surveyed real estate.
Turist Rehberlerinin Mesleki Sorunları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: İlhan Yasin , Soybalı Hasan Hüseyin
Published: April 2019

Çalışmanın
Amacı ve Önemi: Bu çalışma ülke tanıtımı açısından stratejik önem taşıyan
profesyonel turist rehberlerinin mesleki sorunlarını belirleyerek çözüm
önerileri getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Turist rehberliği, Turizm sektörünü,
ekonomilerinin gelişiminde önemli bir gelir kaynağı olarak gören ülkeler için
hayati öneme sahip mesleklerdendir. Turist rehberlerinin sorunlarını belirlemek
bu nedenle önem arz etmektedir.

Çalışmanın
Yöntemi: Türkiye genelinde faaliyet gösteren 24 profesyonel turist rehberine mesleki
sorunlarını belirlemek amacı ile anket tekniği uygulanmıştır. İnternet
yardımıyla desteklenen anket çalışması verileri gerekli istatistik yöntemler
ile analiz edildikten sonra elde edilen bulgular, çizelgeler halinde
gösterilerek yorumlanmıştır.Çalışmanın Bulguları: Sonuçlara
bakıldığında “Acentelerin birçoğu satış odaklı çalışmaya zorlamaktadır” ve “Acenteler
rehber taban yevmiyesinin altında rehber çalıştırmak istemektedir” sorularının
her ikisine de birbirine yakın oranda “kesinlikle katılıyorum” cevabı vermiş
olması rehberler acenteler tarafından yasaya uymama noktasında ve satış
konusunda da etik davranmamaları için baskı görmektedirler.Çalışmanın
Sınırlılıkları:  Türkiye’de
Haziran ayı güncel verilerine göre 13 meslek odasına kayıtlı 10474 turist
rehberi bulunmaktadır. Bu rehberlerin 7022’si eylemli olarak çalışmaktadır.
Dolayısıyla evreni oluşturan 10474 rehbere ve 13 odaya ulaşma maliyet ve zaman
kısıtlamalarından dolayı, internet vasıtasıyla online anket gönderilmiş ve tesadüfi
örneklem yöntemiyle araştırmanın örneklemi olarak seçilmiş ve rehberlere anket
uygulanmıştır.
Turist Rehberleri Açısından İş Doyumunun Önemi
Authors: Kabakulak Ali
Published: April 2019

Çalışmanın
Amacı ve Önemi: Bu
çalışmanın amacı turist rehberleri
açısından iş doyumunun öneminin ortaya konularak ilgililere öneriler getirmek
ve turist rehberlerinin iş doyumlarının arttırılmasına yardımcı olmaktır.
Turist rehberlerinin elde edeceği iş doyumu hem kendileri hem de işveren
konumundaki acenteler için hem de hizmet verecekleri turistler için önemlidir.
Bu nedenle turist rehberlerinin işlerinden elde ettikleri doyumların
araştırılmasını zorunlu kılmıştır.

Çalışmanın
Yöntemi: Bu çalışmada
niceliksel araştırma yöntemlerinde betimsel araştırma yöntemi tercih
edilmiştir. Betimsel araştırmalar, ne ve nasıl sorularına sistematik olarak
cevap vererek olay ve durumların detaylı olarak betimlenmesi amacıyla yapılan
araştırmalardır.

Çalışmanın Bulguları: Yapılan araştırma kapsamında turist rehberlerinin iş
doyumları ortaya konularak turist rehberleri açısından iş doyumunun önemi
vurgulanmıştır. Böylelikle işveren konumundaki acentelere ve Turist Rehberleri
Birliği’ne (TUREB) bu kapsamda öneriler getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.