bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radicle emergence test as a quick vigour test to predict field emergence performance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed lots
Authors: G P Chinnasamy , S Sundareswaran , P R Renganayaki , M Vetrivel
Published: July 2021

An experiment was made to standardize the radicle emergence test to predict the field emergence performance in ten different seed lots [L1 to L4: high vigour lots (> 90 % germination), L5 to L7: medium vigour lots (80-90 % germination) and L8 to L10: low vigour lots (< 80 % germination)] of rice cv. CO 51. The results showed that the significant differences are observed in physiological and biochemical parameters in different seed lots. The seed vigour was classified into three groups viz., high, medium and low vigour based on the relationship between mean germination time and field emergence. When the Mean Germination Time (MGT) was < 34 hours, the field emergence was > 85 per cent, which was considered as high vigour; when the MGT was 34-35 hours, the field emergence was 80-85 per cent, that was considered as medium vigour; when the MGT was > 35 hours, the field emergence was < 80 per cent, that was considered as low vigour. The radicle emergence test (2mm radicle length) was highly negatively correlated with mean germination time (-0.930**) followed by mean just germination time (-0.852**) and electrical conductivity of seed leachate (-0.827**) and it was positively correlated with field emergence (0.894**) followed by germination (0.878**) and dehydrogenase activity (0.864**). The R2 values between seed vigour parameters and radicle emergence test were significantly higher in 2mm length of radicle emergence when compared with 1mm length of radicle emergence. Finally, the study concluded that 36 hour MGT with the attainment of 2mm radicle emergence percentage could be used as a quick method to assess rice seed lots' quality by the seed analysts and seed industry.
Role and performance of Agri-input dealers in extension services in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Elakkiya S. , Asokhan M.
Published: July 2021

The present study was designed to study the role and performance of input dealers in extension services and the relationship of farmers and dealers from a farmer perspective. For this study, a survey was taken in the Coimbatore district using a purposive random sampling technique with a well-structured interview schedule. The study found that most dealers had 40-50 farmers as customer per day at peak and offseason. Regarding technical assistance given to farmers, 90.00 per cent of the farmers asked for the brand. Delivery in prime season (1.181) followed by credit period (0.633), company officials behaviour (0.600) are the primary factor in the satisfaction of dealers with the company. Regarding the level of satisfaction of the farmers, Product choice (93.33%), Credit facility and availability of the product (90.00%) were the primary satisfaction criteria of the farmers with input dealers. It was concluded from the study that agro chemical company have field assistant at the block and village level to assess the farmers’ problem. In addition, the company having a strong research unit to develop is a need-based product for farmers. They had proper follow up activities in the farmer’s field. Therefore, Agri-input dealers were the first focus of the farmers at the village level. The Agriculture department could use the Agri-input dealers to transfer technology at farmers level and its reach would be high.
Institutional support for tribal farmer interest groups in Erode district of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: V Mathuabirami , S Kalaivani
Published: July 2021

Globally small and marginal tribal farmers situation is worse because of poor marketing system and lack of quality input and technical services. This worse situation can be empowered through group approach like Farmer Producer Organization (FPO), Farmers Interest Group (FIG) and Self Help Group (SHG). FIG is a self-managed, independent group of farmers with a shared goal and interest. This is usually formed by 15-20 members. It is evidenced that the profitability in farming would be possible in groups rather than practising it individually. This is particularly the case where farmers organize themselves to respond to credit and input needs, marketing concerns, etc., as there are clear economic benefits of working in groups. The present study is aimed to investigate the level of institutional support for tribal Farmer Interest Groups (FIGs) in Erode district. A cent per cent of the respondents (100.00%) admitted that they received support for getting information regarding input availability, subsidiary activities, various schemes of the state department of agriculture. The vast majority of the respondents received information on technical support on production aspects of crop production (98.00%) and received credit support whenever needed (98.00%). Institutions like NGOs, State Department of Agriculture played a major role in improving the standard of living of these tribal people. They received support from the institution from production to marketing and value addition. However,  they did not get proper guidance for soil testing and quality testing of inputs. Because of remoteness, they received a medium level of institutional support.
Development of technology for modified starch incorporated grains and pulse blended bakery and pasta products
Authors: Ilamaran M. , Sarojinibharathi R. , Selvi J.
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to investigate the appropriate technology for the development of modified starch and standardize the millet-based bakery and pasta products incorporated with modified starch and measure the glycemic index of the standardized therapeutic baked and pasta products. The physical modification and chemical modification techniques were performed to optimize the technology for modified starch. Refined wheat flour was substituted with millet flour, modified starch and pulse flour at various percentages to optimize the flour blend for pasta and bakery products. The products were subjected to in vitro study to measure the glycemic index. Physical modification technique, i.e. autoclave-cooling, was found to be optimum for the development of modified starch. The optimum flour blend for pasta products was whole wheat flour(50%), millet flour (25 and 50%), cassava modified starch (15 and 25%) and green ram flour (10%) and it was found to be acceptable without affecting its sensory attributes. The optimum blend for bread was whole wheat flour (50%), kodo / barnyard millet flour (50%) with cassava modified starch (10%) and for low-fat cookies, it was millet flour (20%) and modified starch (15 %). Among the three pasta products, noodles and macaroni were found to be highly acceptable with minimum cooking loss. The in vitro study showed that the pasta products have a hypoglycemic effect suitable for lifestyle disorder patients and do not involve high production costs and earn good returns to the entrepreneurs.
Pedogenic characteristics of soil in Melur block, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu in India: A case study
Authors: Ramamoorthy P. , Mary P. Christy Nirmala
Published: July 2021

Soil is an important source of human life and agricultural production. Studying on the pedon and its site characteristics pave the way for understanding the nature of soils and its utility. A study on pedological characterization of soils in Melur block, Madurai District (Tamil Nadu), was carried out during 2019-2020 using grid sampling with village map/cadastral maps. Soil mapping unit-based soil samples were collected in Chunampoor, Thuvarangulam, Poonjuthi and Veppapadupu and pedons were characterized as per the standard procedure. The results showed that soils were moderately deep to very deep in nature, ranging from 2.5 YR  3/6 to 10YR 4/6. The soil texture varied from sandy clay loam to sandy clay with weak to moderate sub-angular blocky structure. The consistency of soil varied from slightly hard to very hard when dry, very friable to firm when moist, slightly sticky to very sticky and slightly plastic to very plastic in wet condition. The crops viz., paddy, sugarcane, banana, groundnut and vegetables were very suitable for such type of soil of the Madurai district.
A Study on the Manufacture and Usage of Late-Joseon Chanhap
Authors: Nam Sora
Published: July 2021

The chanhap is a type of tableware designed to stack various types of dishes in separate compartments or tiers. This dissertation aims to determine the characteristics of chanhap by medium as well as the cultural background that popularized their manufacture and use in the late Joseon era. Chanhap’s multitiered structure, dubbed differently across different civilizations, has been widely favored in the three major Far East countries among various social classes. It was introduced to the Korean culture from China and Japan, and the manufacture and usage became popular in the late Joseon. Chanhap secured its reputation as a luxury piece loved by royals and scholars. The late-Joseon chanhap in different media differ in origins. This study found origins of wooden chanhap from the portable dish box from the Ming Dynasty; porcelain chanhap from the 2-tier round Japanese porcelain dish box made to receive the Sinmi Envoys from Joseon in 1811. Specific historical records have revealed that the late-Joseon chanhap was used as portable carrier and storage as well as dishware for royal banquets. This discovery has illuminated the various usage and complex characteristics of the multitiered structure of chanhap .
Interaction of the (CAG)n polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene and oral con-traceptive use on moral judgement in women
Authors: Armbruster Diana , Lesch Klaus-Peter , Strobel Alexander
Published: July 2021

Biological factors including genetic variation are contributors to differences in moral deci-sions. Recently, Gong et al. (2017) reported that female carriers of more shorter alleles of the functional (CAG)n polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR) gene showed enhanced en-dorsement of harmful actions. We aimed to replicate and extend these findings. N = 155 healthy young adults of Western European/German origin were genotyped for the AR (CAG)n polymorphism and completed a set of moral dilemmas that are designed to allow an estimation of underlying utilitarian and deontological tendencies in addition to the tradition-al moral score. While AR (CAG)n genotype did not affect moral judgement in men, there were (CAG)n × endocrine status interactions in the female sample, particularly on deontolo-gy. Women using oral contraceptives who carried two short (CAG)n alleles had reduced lev-els of deontology compared to carriers of long (CAG)n alleles. Descriptively, the opposite pattern emerged for free cycling women. The findings underscore the importance of andro-genic function for moral judgement and highlight the modulatory role of exogenous steroids.
Food Insecurity in the United States of America: A Comparison 2 between the Great Recession and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mook Anne , Swanson Emily
Published: July 2021

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, altered everyday life in the United States of America and around the world. In 2020, 20,727,942 people residing in the United States of America were infected, with 356,666 succumbing to the virus.” Social distancing measures discouraged in-person interaction which led to many businesses, schools, and food services having to operate at reduced capacity or to close completely. Soon after, revenues declined, employees were dismissed, and numerous businesses were forced to file bankruptcy. Consequently, the number of people in the United States of America who struggle to put food on the table has increased. Newspaper and media outlets showed long lines of people seeking assistance from food banks across the USA . This chapter discusses the economic ramification of spread mitigations strategies, a severe economic crisis, and a rapid increase in food insecurity.
The measurement properties of the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale (ADRS) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) in youth with major depressive disorder (MDD): a systematic review protocol
Authors: Jiwani Alvina Asif , Dalson Jaycie , Baba Ami , Stallwood Emma , Krause Karolin Rose , Desai Riddhi , Monga Suneeta , Offringa Martin , Butcher Nancy J.
Published: July 2021

The objectives of this review are to determine if the ADRS and the QIDS have sufficient measurement properties according to the COSMIN guidelines, to evaluate the quality of this evidence, and to determine whether these OMIs meet at least minimum COSMIN criteria to support their use in youth with MDD and consideration for inclusion in a COS for this population (i.e., sufficient content validity (any level) AND at least low quality evidence for sufficient internal consistency).
Perceptions of primary care dietitians regarding the collection and use of outcomes data in practice: A qualitative study.
Authors: Clark Peter , Williams Lauren , Kirkegaard Amy , Brickley Bryce , Ball Lauren
Published: July 2021

This is a preprint provide to the AIHW. This publication is currently under review by the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics.
Predicting effects of methylphenidate and sulpiride on brain and cognition: A pharmaco-fMRI, PET study. Design and descriptives.
Authors: Määttä Jessica I , van den Bosch Ruben , Papadopetraki Danae , Hofmans Lieke , Lambregts Britt , Westbrook Andrew , Verkes Robbert-Jan , Cools Roshan
Published: July 2021

The large variation observed in the effects of dopaminergic drugs poses a major problem for neuropsychiatry, where therapeutic drugs may be ineffective or detrimental in a proportion of patients, but also for the healthy population. We have conducted a pharmaco-fMRI/PET study in 100 healthy participants to investigate the neural and neurochemical mechanisms of this variability. We studied the cognitive effects of methylphenidate (20mg) and sulpiride (400mg) across various cognitive domains, such as reward learning and motivation, working memory and effort motivation. To establish the baseline dopamine-dependency of the drug effects, all participants underwent an [18F]DOPA positron emission tomography scan on a separate off-drug session to quantify their baseline striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. In addition, multiple putative proxy measures of striatal dopamine activity were acquired, including spontaneous eye blink rate, trait impulsivity, subjective reward sensitivity and working memory capacity. The drug effects on each of the cognitive paradigms and their potential dependency on dopamine synthesis capacity and putative proxy measures are reported in separate papers. In the present paper, we report the design of the full study, as well as drug effects on subjective mood and autonomic arousal. This report aims to serve as a reference for future pharmacological fMRI/PET studies as well as for the specific papers resulting from detailed analyses of the included cognitive paradigms. The study will enable the development of a proxy-model of baseline dopamine, intended to provide a pragmatic handle on predicting the effects of dopaminergic drugs on brain and cognition that maximally generalizes to new participants.
ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI POTENSI PAJAK CAFE TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KELURAHAN KUTOANYAR
Authors: rochman Muhammad yayan fatchur
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the city of Tulungagung, creative economy entrepreneurs have begun to emerge who develop various kinds of innovation and creativity. One sector The creative economy that is experiencing an increase is from the culinary sector. The growth of more cafes and food courts will increase income the restaurant tax sector indirectly affects Original Income Area. This is what encourages researchers to conduct further research in order to compile a mini research. The problems studied in this study is how the potential contribution of cafe and food court taxes to income Original Region (PAD) Tulungagung? and how entrepreneurs in an Islamic perspective? This study aims to find out how much is the contribution of cafe and food court taxes to local revenue (PAD) in Tulungagung creative economy entrepreneursKeywords : income , economy, cafeAbstrakDi kota Tulungagung, salah satunya di Kelurahan Kutoanyar pengusaha ekonomi kreatif sudah mulai bermunculan yang mengembangkan berbagai macam inovasi dan kreativitas. Satu sector Ekonomi kreatif yang mengalami peningkatan adalah dari sektor kuliner. Pertumbuhan lebih banyak kafe dan food court akan meningkatkan pendapatan sektor pajak restoran secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Hal inilah yang mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menyusun mini penelitian. Masalah yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini Bagaimana potensi kontribusi pajak kafe dan food court terhadap pendapatan? Daerah Asli (PAD) Tulungagung? dan bagaimana pengusaha dalam perspektif Islam? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa kontribusi pajak kafe dan food court terhadap pendapatan asli daerah? (PAD) pengusaha ekonomi kreatif di Tulungagung. Dan juga menurut hasil pengolahan data peneliti dapat disimpulkan bahwa potensi pajak cafe dan pujasera berkontribusi terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah pada tahun 2016 adalah sebesar 1,78% dan pada tahun 2021 sebesar 1,42%. Kata kunci : Pendapatan , ekonomi , kafe
Income Inequality, Social Capital, and Perceived Trust - A European Comparison
Authors: Gallardo Roman
Published: July 2021

Income Inequality, Social Capital, and Perceived Trust - A European Comparison
Correlates of conflict resolution across cultures
Authors: Garfield Zachary H
Published: July 2021

Conflicts are ubiquitous between individuals as well as between groups. Effective conflict resolution is essential for individual well-being and group functioning and often involves leadership dynamics. The evolutionary human sciences have suggested conflict resolution is shaped by psychological heuristics, norms, and ecology. There is limited empirical data, however, on conflict resolution across cultures. Using a cross-cultural database of 109 leadership dimensions coded from over 1,200 ethnographic texts from the eHRAF ethnographic database, exploratory analyses investigated correlates of conflict resolution. Results revealed greater evidence of conflict resolution among kin groups than political groups and greater evidence of within-group conflict resolution than between-group, which did not vary across subsistence strategies or group contexts, with two exceptions – military groups conflicts were biased towards between-group contexts and religious groups biased towards within-group contexts. The strongest predictors of conflict resolution services were other prosocial functions and included group representation and providing counsel, protection, and punishment, as well as qualities of interpersonal skills and fairness. Followers received social service benefits and reduced risk of harm. For leaders who resolve conflicts, status and social benefits were potential negative predictors. These results provide a comparative view of the correlates of conflict resolution, suggesting diversity across social contexts.
Merekayasa Teknologi dan Ekonomi Dalam Kebudayaan Pada Pelayanan Lintas Budaya
Authors: Wiyono Slamet
Published: July 2021

Sebagai pelaku pelayanan lintas budaya, memahami konteks budaya sendiri maupun budaya target adalah hal mutlak. Dengan mengerti budaya sendiri, berarti kita, memahami jati diri dan worldview yang dibawa. Selanjutnya, dengan memahami budaya orang atau target, niscaya mengembangkan wawasan diri tentang budaya orang lain. Selanjutnya, strategi ekonomi sendiri merupakan langkah kongkrit dari teknologi apa yang sedang digunakan oleh pelaku budaya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan budayannya.
Dạy & Học số 37 - Khoảng cách
Authors: Nguyen Linh-Chi , Tung Ngo Thi Thanh , Hoang Anh-Duc , Yen Dao Thi Hai , nguyen trang , Khue Vu Minh , Nhu Vu
Published: July 2021

Ba năm trước, Dạy&Học đã ra mắt quý độc giả số đầu tiên với tựa đề “Công nghệ và giáo dục”. Trong bài viết “EdTech, một vài suy nghĩ vụn vặn”, tác giả Dương Trọng Tấn đã đưa ra nhận định rằng vai trò của công nghệ trong giáo dục còn rất hạn chế, cả ở trên thế giới lẫn các trường học ở Việt Nam. Cuối bài viết, tác giả đã đặt ra một câu hỏi: Phải chăng con thiếu một cú hích nào đó để sự thay đổi được diễn ra?Vào thời điểm hiện tại, cả thế giới buộc phải suy nghĩ về điều này khi đại dịch khiến cho việc tới trường hàng ngày không còn là một lựa chọn. Liệu đại dịch COVID-19 đã có thể đóng vai trò là cú hích mà tác giả Dương Trọng Tấn mong đợi? BBT Lộn Xộn xin cùng quý vị chiêm nghiệm lại câu hỏi này cùng Dạy&Học số 37 mang tựa đề “Khoảng Cách”, với loạt bài tiếp tập trung vào chủ đề học tập trực tuyến nói riêng và công nghệ giáo dục nói chung.Bất ngờ chuyển sang dạy học trực tuyến là một thử thách không hề nhỏ đối với cả giáo viên, phụ huynh và học sinh. Các bài viết bao gồm “Chấm dứt tình trạng mệt mỏi vì Zoom”, “Giúp những đứa trẻ nhút nhát, hướng nội thích ứng với hình thức học từ xa”, Quản lý lớp học trong môi trường trực tuyến và “Đại dịch khiến phụ huynh muốn “chạy trốn” khỏi trường học - có thể là mãi mãi” vừa phản ánh những khó khăn này, vừa mang tới những phương án để giải quyết chúng.Mặt khác, đối với một số nhóm, tình trạng này thực ra lại thuận lợi hơn cho họ. “Tại sao nhiều em học tốt hơn khi học trực tuyến?” và “Tôi sẽ nhớ Zoom khi đại dịch biến mất” đem tới hai góc nhìn về những điểm mạnh của học trực tuyến. Thông qua việc tìm hiểu những thuận lợi này, chúng ta rút ra được “Những bài học “dắt túi” từ khoảng thời gian học trực tuyến” để vận hành hiệu quả hơn trong quãng thời gian sống chung với đại dịch sắp tới.Trong khi tác giả Tim Walker đến từ Hiệp hội Giáo dục Quốc gia Hoa Kỳ khẳng định rằng “Không phải công nghệ, chính giáo viên mới là những người hùng”, bài viết “Sử dụng công nghệ như thế nào để giúp giáo viên trở nên tốt hơn và làm cho cuộc sống của họ trở nên dễ dàng hơn” và “Gợi ý của các chuyên gia giáo dục về đào tạo giáo viên sử dụng công nghệ” là những gợi ý để các hiệu trưởng, các nhà quản lý giáo dục có thể hiện thực hóa khẳng định trên.Cuối cùng, ngoài những bàn luận về các vấn đề có phần “vĩ mô” trên, “Khám phá khoa học công nghệ đơn giản cho trẻ tại nhà” đem tới những hoạt động thú vị mà cha mẹ, thầy cô có thể hướng dẫn học sinh thực hiện trong khoảng thời gian chưa thể quay lại trường học.
The COVID States Project #57: Social media news consumption and COVID-19 vaccination rates
Authors: Lazer David , Green Jon , Ognyanova Katherine , Baum Matthew , Lin Jennifer , Druckman James , Perlis Roy H. , Santillana Mauricio , Uslu Ata
Published: July 2021

Earlier this month, we witnessed a vigorous back and forth between the White House and Facebook regarding the role of the company in circulating health misinformation. On the White House side, the Surgeon General released an Advisory declaring misinformation a public health threat to the nation, highlighting, in part, the role of social media. This was followed the next day by a pointed statement by President Biden-- “They’re killing us!” Facebook responded with a blog entry, Moving Past the Finger Pointing, asserting that it was not responsible for the plateauing vaccination rates in the US. The company pointed to the fact that 85% of Facebook users in a large survey by Carnegie Mellon (supported by Facebook) reported being vaccinated or wanting to be vaccinated. This exchange begs an obvious question: who has it right? Answering this question is tricky; but at minimum, rebutting the President’s accusation would require more information than is provided in Facebook’s blog post. For one thing, it fails to compare Facebook users to non-users. It also does not provide information on vaccination rates among those Facebook users who actually get information regarding COVID-19 from Facebook. As most Americans use Facebook, the vaccination rates among users will inevitably be similar to those of the general population. But only a subset of those users go to Facebook specifically to get news and information about COVID-19. These are the people who the Biden administration worries are at risk of exposure to vaccine misinformation.
Predicting bottom current deposition and erosion on the ocean floor
Authors: Beelen Daan , Wood Lesli
Published: July 2021

Mapping sediment deposition and erosion by thermohaline ocean bottom currents is important for the development of ocean infrastructure, future geo resources and understanding the sedimentology of contourites and abyssal dunefields. However, only a limited percentage (estimated 20%) of the ocean floor has been mapped directly through seismic or sonar imaging. To better delineate where zones of bottom current deposition and erosion exist, we develop a prediction from numerical model solutions and sedimentological measurements of the ocean floor. This is achieved by integrating three types of data, which include: 1) Bottom current shear stress from a model run of the HYCOM numerical ocean model (Chassignet et al., 2019). 2) Sedimentation rates from ocean lithospheric age (Müller et al. 2008) and sediment thickness from the GlobSed Model (Straume et al., 2019). 3) The measured extents of bottom current deposits from sonar observations (the contourite atlas by Claus et al., 2017). Shear stresses and sedimentation rates inside and outside the mapped extents of bottom current deposits allow us to quantify the conditions that are conducive for bottom current deposition. These conditions are then extrapolated and displayed on a 1/12° arcsecond resolution map of the world’s oceans, and validated through comparison with known mapped systems. Based on our prediction, around 12% of the ocean has significant deposition by bottom currents while only 1% has erosion. Most bottom current activity occurs where thermohaline currents impinge upon the ocean floor like on continental slopes or on some areas of the abyssal plain. Deposition and erosion also occur where constriction of ocean bottom currents takes place as in straits and seaways. Inland basins (i.e., seas) and continental shelves are mostly-disconnected from global-ocean thermohaline bottom current conveyers and therefore have limited bottom current deposition and erosion. Mid ocean ridges also have little bottom current deposition due which is due to low sediment supply.
Contrasting geomorphic and stratigraphic responses to normal fault development during single and multi-phase rifting
Authors: Pechlivanidou Sofia , Geurts Anneleen , Duclaux Guillaume , Gawthorpe Robert , Pennos Christos , Finch Emma
Published: July 2021

Understanding the impact of tectonics on surface processes and the resultant stratigraphic evolution in multi-phase rifts is challenging, as patterns of erosion and deposition related to older phases of extension are overprinted by the subsequent extensional phases. In this study, we use a one-way coupled numerical modelling approach between a tectonic and a surface processes model to investigate topographic evolution, erosion and basin stratigraphy during single and multi-phase rifting. We compare the results from the single and the multi-phase rift experiments for a 5 Myr period during which they experience equal amounts of extension, but with the multi-phase experiment experiencing fault topography inherited from a previous phase of extension. Our results demonstrate a very dynamic evolution of the drainage network that occurs in response to fault growth and linkage and to depocentre overfilling and overspilling. We observe profound differences between topography and depocenter development during single and multi-phase rifting with implications for sedimentary facies architecture. Our quantitative approach, enables us to better understand the impact of changing extension direction on the distribution of sediment source areas and the syn-rift stratigraphic development through time and space.
Rapid prediction of peak storm surge from tropical cyclone track time series using machine learning
Authors: Lee Jun-Whan , Irish Jennifer , Bensi Michelle , Marcy Doug
Published: July 2021

Rapid and accurate prediction of peak storm surges across an extensive coastal region is necessary to inform assessments used to design the systems that protect coastal communities’ life and property. Significant advances in high-fidelity, physics-based numerical models have been made in recent years, but use of these models for probabilistic forecasting and probabilistic hazard assessment is computationally intensive. Several surrogate modeling approaches based on existing databases of high-fidelity synthetic storm surge simulations have been recently suggested to reduce computational burden without substantial loss of accuracy. In these previous studies, however, the surrogate modeling approaches relied on a tropical cyclone condition at one moment (usually at or near landfall), which is not always most correlated with the peak storm surge. In this study, a new one-dimensional convolutional neural network model combined with principal component analysis and a k-means clustering (C1PKNet) is presented that can rapidly predict peak storm surge across an extensive coastal region from time-series of tropical cyclone conditions, namely the storm track. The C1PKNet model was trained and cross-validated for the Chesapeake Bay area of the United States using existing database of 1031 high-fidelity storm surge simulations, including both landfalling and bypassing storms. Moreover, the performance of the C1PKNet model was evaluated based on observations from three historical hurricanes (Hurricane Isabel in 2003, Hurricane Irene in 2011, and Hurricane Sandy in 2012). The results indicate that the C1PKNet model is computationally e cient and can predict peak storm surges from realistic tropical cyclone track time-series. We believe that this new surrogate model can enhance coastal resilience by providing rapid storm surge predictions.
Broad scope of attention results in better temporal resolution: Evidence from a temporal order judgment study
Authors: Mudumba Ramya , Srinivasan Narayanan
Published: July 2021

The nature of spatiotemporal interactions in visual perception due to modulations of attention is still not well understood. Transient shifts of attention have been shown to induce a trade-off in spatiotemporal acuities at the cued location. Attention also can be varied in terms of scope and the evidence for the effects of scope on the spatiotemporal resolution for coupling or trade-offs have been equivocal. We predicted that scaling or changing the scope of attention would rather result in a spatiotemporal trade-off based on the complementary spatial and temporal frequency properties of the magnocellular and parvocellular channels. We manipulated the scope of attention by asking participants to perform a global or local target detection task with hierarchical stimuli. In addition, participants performed a temporal order judgment task with two discs presented alongside the hierarchical stimuli. We found higher temporal sensitivity with broad scope of attention or global processing compared to narrow scope of attention or local processing. The results provide evidence for a spatiotemporal processing trade-off when attention is scaled spatially. This result throws doubt on a general coupling or resource metaphor explanation irrespective of the spatial or temporal nature of the tasks. The results indicate the further need for carefully investigating the spatial and temporal properties of attention and its effect on spatiotemporal processing at different scales.
Leveraging the power of media to drive cognition: A media-informed approach to naturalistic neuroscience
Authors: Grall Clare , Finn Emily S.
Published: July 2021

So-called “naturalistic” stimuli have risen in popularity in cognitive, social, and affective neuroscience over the last 15 years, However, a critical property of these stimuli is frequently overlooked: Media—like film, television, books, and podcasts—are fundamentally not natural. They are deliberately crafted products meant to elicit particular human thought, emotion, and behavior. Here, we argue for a more informed approach to adopting media stimuli in naturalistic paradigms. We discuss the pitfalls of combining stimuli that are designed for research with those that are designed for other purposes (e.g., entertainment) under the umbrella term of “naturalistic” and present strategies to improve rigor in the stimulus selection process. We assert that experiencing media should be considered a task akin to any other experimental task(s), and explain how this shift in perspective will compel more nuanced and generalizable research using these stimuli. Throughout, we offer theoretical and practical knowledge from multidisciplinary media research to raise the standard for the treatment of media stimuli in neuroscientific research.
Health Misinformation
Authors: Nan Xiaoli , Wang Yuan , Thier Kathryn
Published: July 2021

Research on health misinformation has grown rapidly as concerns about the potential harmful effects of health misinformation on individuals and society intensify amid a “post-truth” era. In this chapter, we provide a broad overview of current research and evidence concerning the many facets of health misinformation, including its sources, prevalence, characteristics (both content and diffusion features), impact, and mitigation. We conclude that health misinformation originates from many sources, most notably mass and social media; is fairly prevalent, both in interpersonal and mediated settings; and tends to feature negative sentiments, anecdotal evidence, and anti-science narratives. Although there is no conclusive evidence that health misinformation spreads more broadly than scientific information, health misinformation reliably leads to misperceptions on health issues. Efforts to mitigate the impact of health misinformation show early promise in correcting misperceptions. We offer several directions for future research.
The Effect of Implicit Racial Bias on Recognition of Other-Race Faces
Authors: Trawinski Tobiasz , Aslanian Araz , Cheung Olivia S.
Published: July 2021

Previous research has established a possible link between recognition performance, individuation experience, and implicit racial bias of other-race faces. However, it remains unclear how implicit racial bias might influence other-race face processing in observers with relatively extensive experience with the other race. Here we examined how recognition of other-race faces might be modulated by observers’ implicit racial bias, in addition to the effects of experience and face recognition ability. Caucasian participants in a culturally diverse city completed a memory task for Asian and Caucasian faces, an implicit association test, an experience questionnaire towards Asians and Caucasians, and a face recognition ability test. Overall, participants showed significantly better recognition performance for other- than own-race faces. More importantly, recognition performance for other-race faces was positively predicted by increased face recognition ability, experience with Asians, and negatively predicted by increased positive bias towards Asians, which was modulated by an interaction between face recognition ability and implicit bias, with the effect of implicit bias observed predominantly in observers with high face recognition ability. Moreover, significant differences were observed among the positions of the first two fixations when participants learned the other-race faces, with the first fixation modulated by the effect of experience and the second fixation modulated by the interaction between implicit bias and face recognition ability. Taken together, these findings suggest the complexity in understanding the perceptual and socio-cognitive influences on the other-race effect, and that observers with high face recognition ability may more likely evaluate racial features involuntarily when recognizing other-race faces.
Hierarchical structure in language and action: A formal comparison
Authors: Coopmans Cas W. , Kaushik Karthikeya Ramesh , Martin Andrea E.
Published: July 2021

Since the cognitive revolution, language and action have been compared as cognitive systems, with cross-domain convergent views recently gaining renewed interest in biology, neuroscience, and cognitive science. Language and action are both combinatorial systems whose mode of combination has been argued to be hierarchical, combining elements into constituents of increasingly larger size. This structural similarity has led to the suggestion that they rely on shared cognitive and neural resources. In this paper, we compare the conceptual and formal properties of hierarchy in language and action using tools from category theory. We show that the strong compositionality of language requires a formalism that describes the mapping between sentences and their syntactic structures as an order-embedded Galois connection, while the weak compositionality of actions only requires a monotonic mapping between action sequences and their goals, which we model as a monotone Galois connection. We aim to capture the different system properties of language and action in terms of the distinction between hierarchical sets and hierarchical sequences, and discuss the implications for the way both systems are represented in the brain.
Portable, non-destructive colorimetry and visible reflectance spectroscopy can accurately identify heat-treated South African silcrete
Authors: Murray John K. , Oestmo Simen , Zipkin Andrew M.
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to determine if visible reflectance spectroscopy and quantitative colorimetry represent viable approaches to classifying the heat treatment state of silcrete. Silcrete is a soil duricrust that has been used as toolstone since at least the Middle Stone Age. The ancient practice of heat treating silcrete prior to knapping is of considerable interest to paleolithic archaeologists because of its implications for early modern human complex cognition generally and the ability to manipulate the material properties of stone specifically. Here, we demonstrate that our quantitative, non-invasive, and portable approach to measuring color, used in conjunction with k-Nearest Neighbors “lazy” machine learning, is a highly promising method for heat treatment detection. Traditional, expert human analyst approaches typically rely upon subjective assessments of color and lustre and comparison to experimental reference collections. This strongly visual method can prove quite accurate, if difficult to reproduce between different analysts. It is thus surprising that until now, no published study has sought to exploit an instrumental approach to measuring color for classifying heat treatment state in silcrete. In this work, we measured percent reflectance for the visible spectrum (1018 variables) and tristimulus color values (CIEL*a*b*) in unheated and experimentally heat treated silcrete specimens from three sources in South Africa. k-NN classification proved highly effective with both the spectroscopy and colorimetry data sets. An important innovation was using the heat treatment state predicted by the k-NN model for the majority of replicate observations of a single specimen to predict the heat treatment state for the specimen overall. When this majority voting approach was applied to the 746 individual observations in this study, associated with 94 discrete silcrete flakes, both spectroscopy and colorimetry k-NN models yielded 0% test set misclassification rates at the specimen level.
Hemogram components and platelets count variation in anemic patients attending Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal
Authors: Upadhyaya Kafle Santosh , Singh Mrinalini , Kafle Neeta , Sinha Amrita
Published: July 2021

Background: Anemia being the expression of the underlying disease is a global public health problemaffecting both developing as well as developed countries. The RBC indices and platelet count variationamong anemic patients are important to know their association for clinical implications.Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study among anemic patients with hemoglobin<10 gm%, attending Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal from 15 May to 15 July 2020 wereanalyzed for RBC indices and platelet count variation. Demographic data, RBC indices, platelet countvariation, and types of anemia were evaluated. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for correlatingthe platelet count with RBC indices. A Chi-square test was used to know about the association betweenthe types of anemia and platelet count variation.Results: Out of 150 anemic patients, the female to male ratio was 1.5:1, with the most common agegroup between 40-49 years. There exist high differences between minimum and maximum individualRBC indices (Hb, MCV, MCH, MCH) and platelet count values. The platelet count variation with RBCvalues and MCV had a statistically significant positive and negative correlation respectively. However,the correlation between platelet count variation with hemoglobin concentration level and type of anemiawas positive but statistically not significant.Conclusion: Findings suggest that platelet count variation with RBC indices and types of anemiacorrelated well among anemic patients. Such association will enable the clinicians for diagnosing andtreatment purposes.
Prawo do głosowania osób niewidomych, słabowidzących i ociemniałych – zagadnienia wybrane
Authors: Borski Maciej
Published: July 2021

The universal participation of citizens in elections is an independent constitutional value. Therefore, there is no doubt that if in practice there are barriers which prevent voters from casting a vote, it means that the electoral law system fail at guaranteeing the implementation of the constitutional principle of universality of elections to a satisfactory extent. In relation to persons with disabilities, these barriers are of various kind as a result of the many types of disabilities. They will be different for people with physical disabilities, different for people with intellectual disabilities, and different for people who are blind and partially sighted. It is the latter group of voters that the author has analysed in detail, highlighting the barriers they face and, on the other hand, drawing attention to the improvements foreseen in the Electoral Code and implementing acts that aim to eliminate these barriers.
Nowa odsłona konfliktu wokół członkostwa Fidesz w EPL w kontekście epidemii koronawirusa
Authors: Żurawski vel Grajewski Przemysław
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the latest turn in the conflict over the status of Fidesz in the Christian political family in the European Union (EPP). It includes a presentation of the political scene of the European Parliament after the 2019 elections and Brexit and the play of interests between the factions operating on it, the national parties within them and the EU Member States. The EU political scene has been divided into the camp of continuation of the current model of European integration, the camp of reform – contesting the direction of integration but not the integration itself, and the camp of destruction, wanting the disintegration of the EU. The effects of a possible exit of Fidesz from the EPP were analysed in terms of their impact on the balance of power between the above-mentioned camps, between political families and their factions in the EP, as well as in terms of the interests of national parties and EU Member States. The conclusion is a forecast of a low probability of Fidesz’s removal from the EPP by the end of 2020.
Stereotypes and Microaggressions
Authors: Sohanpal Amrita
Published: July 2021

Racism in the clinical setting is a complex, and often overlooked, reality that affects minority patients' health in varying degrees. From blatant bigotry to elusive forms of prejudice, clinicians can exhibit personal biases that often result in dire consequences for the patient. This paper explores some of the subtler forms of discrimination experienced by patients of colour, namely, stereotypes and microaggressions. Clinical examples of these phenomena are discussed, along with possible solutions, directed towards both clinicians and patients, that can lead to improved health outcomes of racial minorities in the healthcare environment.
APPROACHES REGARDING FOOD SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND INSURANCE PRACTICES IN THE MARKET OF FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS IN ROMANIA
Authors: Neacșu Andreea Nicoleta
Published: July 2021

Consumers have become increasingly aware of the hygienic aspects of food. The Romanian fast food restaurant market is dominated by several international names and a number of local entrepreneurial businesses. To attract and satisfy customers, restaurants apply various management strategies and food safety practices. The study analyses the management strategies of fast food restaurants in Romania and food safety practices applied in this industry. In order to achieve the objective of the paper, a qualitative marketing research was carried out, such as the in-depth interview.
LOCAL GASTRONOMIC POINTS - A SOLUTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRONOMIC TOURISM. CASE STUDY: BRAŞOV COUNTY
Authors: Bădic Anamaria Cecilia , Ispas Ana
Published: July 2021

Any tourist destination that wants to strengthen its competitive position through the development of gastronomic tourism must first identify its unique resources and capabilities, then proceed to concrete actions to protect and capitalize on them, by including them in the development strategy of tourism in that region. This paper represents a preliminary documentary research necessary for the action of creating a network of Local Gastronomic Points (LGP) in Brașov County in order to integrate gastronomy and tourism with a view to developing the local economy. The research method used was a qualitative one, considered appropriate for identifying the localities in Brașov County with the potential to develop LGP and their gastronomic resources.
ACCOUNTING AND FISCAL IMPLICATIONS RELATED TO THE TRANSITION FROM PROFIT TAX TO MICRO-ENTERPRISE INCOME TAX
Authors: Busuioceanu Steliana
Published: July 2021

In the years preceding the coronavirus pandemic, the Romanian economy experienced a constant economic growth, which determined a significant increase of the companies' profitability. Still, the budget revenues from the taxation of the profits obtained by the company did not perform as expected. This was also due to the fact that there were extensive legal changes referring to the way of taxing the company's profits. In this context, we intend to analyze the situation of a trading company whose business field is construction works of residential and non-residential buildings. The company operates in Brasov city area and in the recent years has seen several changes from the income tax of micro-enterprises to the profit tax and vice versa, which has had a considerable impact on the volume of taxes due
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN AKUNTANSI DI YOUTUBE MENYONGSONG INDONESIA EMAS 2045
Authors: Suharsono Agus
Published: July 2021

Abstract — Indonesia is currently launching an era of demographic bonuses in which the productive population is more dominant than the non-productive population. They are the golden generation that will realize Indonesia Golden 2045. The subject of this research is about innovation in accounting learning to realize the educational goals of 2020, namely capacity building, modernization of the learning process with the use of technology, strengthening services, easy access, and can be felt by all levels of society. The method used is qualitative, data in the form of accounting learning videos on YouTube which are analyzed logically-inductively and then presented descriptively. The results of the study note that there is already an accounting learning video on YouTube but its nature is scattered so that it cannot be used as a complete learning medium for this purpose it is necessary to collaborate with several parties to create an integrated Accounting Learning account and complete one course in accordance with the established curriculum. In order for the video display to suit the tastes of the learner, the making involves students across campus. A complete accounting learning video can be used as a learning media with a blended learning system so that face-to-face meeting is more effective for practice and case studies.

 

Keywords: Accounting Learning; Millennial Generation; YouTube; Indonesia Gold 2045.