bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, LEVERAGE DAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONCIBILITY TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN (STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2010-2013)
Authors: K Wuryanti , Khotimah Siti
Published: March 2023

This study aims to examine and analyze the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an intervening variable in mediating the effects of Good Corporate Governance and Leverage for Financial Performance.Samples are 132 companies went public and consists of several industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2010-2013. Sampling using purposive sampling technique that is based on the completeness of the annual report of each period studied and the conditionsthat have been determined by researchers. To test the hypothesis using linear regression analysis barganda (Multiple Linear Regression) with the application of SPSS version 20.Based on the resultsof data analysisshowedthat theLeverageandCorporateSocial Responsibility (CSR) simultaneously significant effect onfinancial performance. PartiallyGCGsignificant effect onCorporateSocial Responsibility(CSR), whilegood corporate governancedoes not affect thefinancial performance, andLeverageno significant effect onCorporateSocial Responsibility(CSR). VariableCorporate SocialResponsibility (CSR) can becomean intervening variablein mediating theeffects ofGood Corporate GovernanceforFinancial Performance. However,CorporateSocial Responsibility(CSR) was notable tobecomean intervening variablein mediating theeffect ofleverageon financial performance.Keywords: GCG, Leverage, CSRandFinancial Performance.
ENTRUSTING ZAKAH (ALMS) ADMINISTRATION TO THE GOVERNMENT: A REVIEW OF HISTORICAL STUDY AND SHARI’AH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Thoarlim Abdulsoma , Maggangka Mursalin , Olodo al Shafi’i Mohamamed Muneer’deen
Published: March 2023

This study analyses one of the sacred trusts which Allah the Almighty has assigned to Muslimleaders or the government in the country, i.e. the administration of obligatory alms (zakah)led by the government and how it is seen from the historical perspective and Islamic law.The study applies a type of qualitative research which tends to the documents analysis. Thestudy focuses on the issue on aversion of some Muslims in the country to entrust their alms(zakah) administration to their government or its representatives due to the weakness of lawenforcement and the lacking of their trust to them over the years. Accordingly, the issue of thezakah distribution which is still individually practiced today, where they distribute it directly tothe recipients (asnaf), whereas the Shari’ah law does not give anyone the right or mandateto collect and distribute it in this way. Therefore, this significant issue should be resurrectedand resolved due to the fact that many people in the country does not comply it very well. Thisproblem actually caused by their lack of knowledge of zakah obligation, objectives of shari’ah(maqasid al-shari’ah) in zakah administration, zakah philosophy and its history.Keywords: Alms, Collection, Distribution, Shari’ah, Government.
PENGARUH UPAH TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA
Authors: Sakad Bedjo Santoso
Published: March 2023

Gold dinar activists proposed gold dinar as money physically to be implemented in the current monetary system. Some efforts have been done for 3 decades but the result is not significant. Some proponent then come up to propose gold is just as measurement of value combined to infrastructures of ICT, however, the design is not specify yet. Therefore, this paper attempt to explore a framework mobile payment system based on gold as measurement of value a case study in Aceh. Design method is used to develop the model. Data is taken from observation, library, and secondary sources. The research is qualitative employed deductive analysis. Mobile payment system commodity money based on gold as measurement of value is the best way to implement gold as money in the current monetary system initiated by any communities or societies. The proposed model is enabling customers; whether individual or business for conducting any transactions efficiently and easily by using mobile phone.Â  Besides that, the proposed model has several advantages in term of economic, social and Islamic value.
PENINGKATAN PERILAKU KERJA ISLAMI DENGAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI ISLAMI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Kusumawati Diah Ayu
Published: March 2023

This study aimes to analyze the influence of islamic leadership style, Islamic work ethicand islamic organizations culture to conduct Islamic work behavior in Sultan Agung IslamicUniversity of Semarang. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of organizationalculture islamic to moderate the relationship between leadership style islamic and islamic workethic in Islamic work behavior of the lecturer and staff at the Sultan Agung Islamic Univercity ofSemarang. Data were obtained from 160 respondents to the questionnaire. Data analysis usingSPSS 16 shows that the Islamic leadership style has a significant and positive influence on theislamic work behavior, the islamic work ethic have a significant and positive effect of the reactorislamic work behavior, islamic leadership style has a positive and significant impact on theislamic work ethic, and islamic organizational culture may moderate the relationship betweenislamic leadership style and islamic work ethic against the islamic work behavior of the lecturerand staff at the Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang.Keywords: islamic leadership style, islamic work ethic, islamic organizational culture, islamicwork behavior
Müzik Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutumlarının Farklı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: SONSEL Ömer Bilgehan , SİVRİ ÖZKARADİĞİN Begüm
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmada, müzik öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumlarının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu sekiz devlet üniversitesine bağlı müzik eğitimi anabilim dallarında lisans dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinden gönüllülük esası ile çalışmaya katılan 81 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında çalışma grubunun müzik öğretmenliği mesleğine yönelik tutumları, cinsiyet, mezun oldukları ortaöğretim kurumu türü, akademik başarı puanı, meslekle ilgili iş yapıyor olma durumu, öğrenim gördükleri üniversite ve aylık gelir değişkenleri açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın verilerinin toplanmasında Tufan ve Güdek tarafından geliştirilen "Müzik Öğretmenliği Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği" ve kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tek yönlü t testi ve Anova testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda müzik öğretmen adaylarının müzik öğretmenliğine yönelik tutumlarının hiçbir değişkene göre değişiklik göstermediği, her şartta aynı düzeyde olduğuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler çizelgeler halinde ilgili başlıklar altında sergilenmiştir.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin ve Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Dijital Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin Çeşitli Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: KAYA ÖZGÜL Bengisu , AKTAŞ Nurhan , ÇETİNKAYA ÖZDEMİR Ezgi
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmada, sınıf öğretmenlerinin ve sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının dijital okuryazarlık düzeylerinin birçok değişken bakımından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeliyle gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, veriler kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Çalışma grubu, Türkiye’nin farklı il veya ilçe merkezlerinde devlet ilkokullarında ve özel ilkokullarda görev yapan 191 sınıf öğretmeni ile farklı üniversitelerin eğitim fakültelerinde okuyan 348 sınıf öğretmeni adayından oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri araştırmacıların hazırladığı kişisel bilgiler formu ile Sulak (2019) tarafından geliştirilen Dijital Okuryazarlık Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde, t-testi, tek faktörlü varyans analizi, Kruskal Wallis H ve Mann Whitney U testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda, sınıf öğretmenlerinin dijital okuryazarlık düzeylerinin sınıf öğretmeni adaylarından daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca erkek öğretmenlerin kadınlara, yaşı genç olan öğretmenlerin daha yaşlı öğretmenlere, mesleki tecrübesi az olan öğretmenlerin fazla olan öğretmenlere, özel okuldaki öğretmenlerin devlet okulundaki öğretmenlere, lisansüstü eğitim alan öğretmenlerin, lisans ve önlisans sahibi öğretmenlere, kişisel bilgisayara/tablete sahip olan öğretmenlerin sahip olmayanlara göre dijital okuryazarlık düzeyinin daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Son olarak ise cinsiyetin, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının dijital okuryazarlık düzeylerini etkilemediği, dijital okuryazarlık puanlarının en yüksek 22–23 yaş aralığındaki ve 3. sınıf öğrencilerine ait olduğu, kişisel bilgisayara/tablete sahip olan öğretmen adaylarının sahip olmayanlara göre dijital okuryazarlık düzeyinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre önerilere yer verilmiştir.
CHALLENGES IN POWER QUALITY AND ITS MITIGATION IN WIND INTEGRATED GENERATING POWER SYSTEM
Authors: Vyas Garima . , Vyas Shripati  .
Published: March 2023

Due to an increase in the production of various industries, the employment of automated systems, and the consequent use of numerous appliances on both the sending end and the receiving end of the power system, the world's energy consumption has been rising quite quickly in recent decades. As a result, maintaining the quality of the power is crucial for maintaining stability. The greatest problem in the current electrical power system without compromising the quality and flow of power is penetration of such sources to generate electricity due to variations in the availability of natural resources. Maintaining a strong, dependable, and exceptionally smart generation, distribution, and transmission infrastructure is crucial. In order to preserve consistent quality & flow of electricity with its stability, this paper presents many power quality difficulties & tasks in the penetration of renewable energy resources with solutions. The article outlines the methods put in place on the power system to reduce power quality issues.
A REVIEW ON UTILISATION OF HERBS THROUGH SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: B Lavanya , O Gopika , L.V Vigneshwaran , M Senthil Kumar
Published: March 2023

Nanoparticles made using green synthesis have a wide range of potential uses in the medicinal andenvironmental sciences. The main goal of green synthesis is to use less harmful chemicals. For instance, usingliving things like plants is typically safe. Additionally, plants contain capping and lowering agents. Here, weoutline the fundamentals of green chemistry and go over the most recent developments in plant-mediatedsynthesizing nanoparticles. As contrasted to conventional physical and chemical approaches, plant-mediated techniques are safer and more eco-friendly. A thorough understanding of the synthesis of silvernanoparticles is emphasized in this chapter. With such a wide variety of biomolecules present in plants that canact as capping and reducing agents and thus boost the rate of reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles, usingplants for the synthesis of nanoparticles is proving to be favorable compared to microbes. Nanoparticles madebiologically are finding increased use in a variety of fields. In light of this, the current work considers thebiosynthesis of nanoparticles from plants that are developing into nano factories.
THE FEASIBILITY OF RURAL TOURISM IN FOSTERING REAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN HOST COMMUNITIES
Authors:   National University of Malaysia, Economic Department, Faculty of Economics and Management, Bangi, Malaysia, WIJIJAYANTI Trisetia , SALLEH Norlida Hanim Mohd ,   National University of Malaysia, Economic Department, Faculty of Economics and Management, Bangi, Malaysia, HASHIM Noor Azuan ,   National University of Malaysia, Economic Department, Faculty of Economics and Management, Bangi, Malaysia, MOHD SAUKANI Mohd Nasir ,   National University of Malaysia, Economic Department, Faculty of Economics and Management, Bangi, Malaysia, ABU BAKAR Norlaila ,   National University of Malaysia, Economic Department, Faculty of Economics and Management, Bangi, Malaysia
Published: March 2023

Although tourism is identified as a tool for development, it also leads to negative and detrimental impacts. Thus, a survey from the literature point of view is done to ensure that tourism is still available strategy for sustainable rural development.This paper uses four reliable databases, including Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, SAGE Publication, and Emerald Publishing, to look for prior investigations. Systematic Literature Reviews (SLR) were employed as past investigations with a qualitative approach, and data were retrieved using the PRISMA protocol. To be a viable development strategy for rural areas, it is crucial to harmonize the local communities’ economies, social structures, cultures, environments, identities, and values. The key fundamental aspects to creating a sustainable rural tourism development model are also identified in this paper.The development of rural tourism is thought to have a significant impact on creating a sustainable socio-economic system. A well-planned and well-executed rural tourism strategy will inevitably lead to sustained rural development. Here, sustainability refers to improved quality of life, a strong economy, and environmental responsibility.
Improving students’ geography achievement using computer simulation and animation packages in flipped classroom settings
Authors: Falode Oluwole Caleb , Mohammed Ibrahim Abba
Published: March 2023

The deployment of innovative and learner-centered approaches into teaching and learning has strong potential of improving students’ learning outcomes. The study compared the effectiveness of computer simulation and animation instructional packages in flipped classroom settings on secondary school students’ achievement and retention in geography. The study adopted a pre-/post-test, non-equivalent, non-randomized quasi-experimental control group design. A sample of 126 senior secondary school class two (SS2) geography students was purposively drawn from two intact classes in Minna Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria as participants for the study. The two intact classes were randomly assigned to experimental group I (computer simulation package, n=67) and experimental group II (computer animation package, n=59) in flipped classroom settings. A 50-item geography achievement test (GAT) was used for data collection, while computer simulation and computer animation instructional packages were administered to students as treatment in flipped classroom settings. The face and content validity of GAT was carried out using experts in the field of geography, educational technology and computer science from Federal University of Technology, Minna. GAT was further subjected to pilot testing, and a reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained using test re-test method and PPMC formula. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while inferential statistics of t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that computer simulation (mean gain=41.70) and computer animation (mean gain=38.32) instructional packages in flipped classroom settings improved students’ achievement and retention of geography concepts. Also, no significant difference was found in the mean achievement (t=.05, df=124, p=0.63) and retention (t=2.04, df=124, p=0.82) scores of the two groups. It was therefore recommended that teachers should incorporate technology-based flipped classroom instructional strategies into teaching and learning of geography in order to improve students’ learning outcomes in the subject.
Experiencia del tratamiento de la hernia incisional en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia
Authors: Torres-Restrepo Juan Manuel , Espinosa-Moreno Mario Fernando , Medina-Rojas Rolando , Rojas-Molina Sandra Milena , Sanjuan-Marín Juan Felipe , Botache-Capera Wilmer Fernando , Parra-Puentes Juan Sebastián , Vanegas-Rojas Cindy Tatiana , Gutiérrez-Ramírez David Ricardo
Published: March 2023

Introducción. El manejo de las hernias se ha instaurado como un problema quirúrgico común, estimándose su aumento en los próximos años. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el curso clínico, los aspectos del tratamiento quirúrgico y factores asociados a la presencia de complicaciones en pacientes intervenidos por hernia incisional.
Métodos. Estudio descriptivo en el que se analizaron las características de una cohorte de pacientes llevados a corrección quirúrgica de hernia incisional en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, un centro de alta complejidad en Neiva, Colombia, entre 2012 y 2019. Los datos fueron recolectados en programa Microsoft Excel® y analizados en SPSSTM, versión 21.
Resultados. Se realizaron 133 correcciones de hernias incisionales, 69,9 % en mujeres y la mayoría ubicadas en la línea media (84,2 %). La edad media de los pacientes al momento de la intervención fue de 52 años ±14,6. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron obesidad, hipertensión y diabetes. La causa más frecuente de la hernia fue traumática (61,7 %). La frecuencia de complicaciones fue superior al 50 %, en su mayoría menores; se encontró asociación con obesidad para la presencia de seroma. La mortalidad fue del 2,3 %.
Conclusión. La hernia incisional es un problema de salud pública. Consideramos que la obesidad y el uso de malla pueden ser factores de riesgo asociados con la presentación de complicaciones postoperatorias, así como el aumento de los gastos relacionados con días de hospitalización.
Cesarean Scar Pregnancy Treated by Systemic or Local Methotrexate Administration Followed by Hysteroscopic Removal: A Comparative Pilot Study
Authors: Garuti Giancarlo , Sagrada Paola Francesca , Sogaro Lorenzo , Migliaccio Serena , Farella Marilena , Soligo Marco
Published: March 2023

Background: Cesarean Scar Pregnancy (CSP) is a life-threatening condition following an ectopic implantation within the scar of a previous cesarean delivery and no guideline is shared about optimal treatment options. Methods: We present a retrospective study comparing the outcomes of patients with CSP diagnosed before the 10th week of gestation treated by systemic or local Methotrexate (MTX) for pregnancy termination, followed by hysteroscopic placental removal. After MTX administration, the weekly decrease-rate of beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin subunit (β-HCG) was adopted as criterion to indicate a repeated MTX dose (less than 25% decline after 2 weeks) and to surgery timing (50% decline in two consecutive assessments). Results: Fourteen patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Eight and six of them underwent systemic (group A) and local (group B) MTX administration, respectively. No significant difference was found in pre-treatment and intra-operative variables. Group B showed significantly accelerated times in weekly halving of β-HCG with respect to group A (p-value = 0.005). Accordingly, the elapsing time between MTX and surgery was found to be significantly longer in the group A than in the group B (p-value = 0.016). In group B no patient required further MTX administration whereas 3 out of 8 patients from group A required an additional MTX dose. In all patients hysteroscopic surgery resulted uneventful and no further treatment was required. Conclusions: When followed by hysteroscopic placental removal, systemic or local MTX administration resulted effective to treat CSP. Local MTX allows quicker trophoblastic demise, leading to significant anticipation of surgery with respect to systemic administration.
Performance Evaluation of a New Fluorescent-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Quantification of Hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Younes Nadin , Ghwairi Mahmoud M. Al , Da'as Sahar Isa , Zaabi Eiman Al , Majdalawieh Amin F. , Al-Dewik Nader , Nasrallah Gheyath K.
Published: March 2023

Background: Rapid hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) level monitoring is essential in slowing the progression of diabetes. This need becomes challenging in low resources countries where the social burden of the disease is overwhelming. Recently, fluorescent-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) gained wide attention for small laboratories and population surveillance. Aim: We aim to evaluate the performance of Finecare™ HbA1c Rapid Test, certified by CE, NGSP, and IFCC, for the quantitative measurement of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) along with its reader. Methods: A total of 100 (fingerstick and venepuncture whole blood) samples were analyzed by Wondfo Finecare™ HbA1c Rapid Quantitative Test and the results were compared with the reference assay Cobas Pro c503. Results: A strong correlation was observed between Finecare™/Cobas Pro c503 with fingerstick (r > 0.93, p < 0.0001) and venous (r > 0.97, p < 0.0001) blood samples. Finecare™ measurements showed excellent agreement and compliance with Roche Cobas Pro c503 as the mean bias was negligible; 0.05 (Limits-of-agreement: –0.58–0.68) with fingerstick and 0.003 (Limits-of-agreement: –0.49–0.50) with venous blood. Interestingly, a very small mean bias (0.047) was also shown between the fingerstick and the venepuncture data, indicating that the type of sample used does not affect the results and the high reproducibility of the assay. Finecare™ showed 92.0% (95% CI: 74.0–99.0) sensitivity and 94.7% (95% CI: 86.9–98.5) specificity compared to the Roche Cobas Pro c503 using fingerstick whole blood samples. Finecare™ showed 100% (95% CI: 86.3–100) sensitivity and 98.7% (95% CI: 92.8–100) specificity compared to the Cobas Pro c503 using venepuncture samples. Cohen’s Kappa denoted excellent agreement with Cobas Pro c503; 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72–0.97) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92–1.00) using fingerstick and venous blood samples, respectively. Most importantly, Finecare™ showed a significant difference between normal, pre-diabetic, and diabetic samples (p < 0.0001). Similar results were obtained when an additional 47 samples (from different participants; mainly diabetic) were analyzed in a different lab using different Finecare™ analyzer and different kit lot number. Conclusions: Finecare™ is a reliable and rapid assay (5 min) which can be easily implemented for long-term monitoring of HbA1c in diabetic patients, particularly in small laboratory settings.
The Urgent Need for Neuroscience Research to Consider Culture when Assessing the Development of Gait in Autistic Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Buac Milijana , Ibarra Gabriela , Torres Ricardo , Onal Sinan , Gladfelter Allison , Wang Ziteng
Published: March 2023

Background: Over the last decade, there has been a steady increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on a global scale, impacting all racial and cultural groups. This increase in the diagnostic rate has prompted investigation into a myriad of factors that may serve as early signs of ASD. One of these factors includes the biomechanics of gait, or the manner of walking. Although ASD is a spectrum, many autistic children experience differences in gross motor function, including gait. It has been documented that gait is also impacted by racial and cultural background. Given that ASD is equally prevalent across all cultural backgrounds, it is urgent that studies assessing gait in autistic children consider the impact of cultural factors on children’s development of gait. The purpose of the present scoping review was to assess whether recent empirical research studies focusing on gait in autistic children have taken culture into account. Methods: To do so, we conducted a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines using a keyword searching with the terms autism, OR autism spectrum disorder, OR ASD, OR autis, AND gait OR walking in the following databases: CINAHL, ERIC (EBSCO), Medline, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, PsychInfo, PubMed, and Scopus. Articles were considered for review if they met all six of the following inclusionary criteria: (1) included participants with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), (2) directly measured gait or walking, (3) the article was a primary study, (4) the article was written in English, (5) participants included children up to age 18, and (6) the article was published between 2014 and 2022. Results: A total of 43 articles met eligibility criteria but none of the articles took culture into account in the data analysis process. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for neuroscience research to consider cultural factors when assessing gait characteristics of autistic children. This would allow for more culturally responsive and equitable assessment and intervention planning for all autistic children.
Predictors of Early Neurological Deterioration Occurring within 24 h in Acute Ischemic Stroke following Reperfusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shi Han-Xu , Li Chen , Zhang Yi-Qun , Li Xia , Liu Ao-Fei , Liu Yun-E , Jiang Wei-Jian , Lv Jin
Published: March 2023

Background: Early neurological deterioration (END), generally defined as the increment of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥4 within 24 hours, lead to poor clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving reperfusion therapies including intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore multiple predictors of END following reperfusion therapies. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO for all studies on END in AIS patients receiving IVT and/or EVT published between January 2000 and December 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted and presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of each included studies was assessed by calculating a total score according to the STROBE or CONSORT criteria. Publication bias and heterogeneity were also evaluated using the Eggers/Peters test, funnel plots and sensitivity analysis. Results: A total of 29 studies involving 65,960 AIS patients were included. The quality of evidence is moderate to high, and all studies have no publication bias. The overall incidence of END occurring after reperfusion therapy in AIS patients was 14% ((95% confidence intervals (CI), 12%–15%)). Age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose levels at admission, the onset to treatment time (OTT), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arterial fibrillation, and internal cerebral artery occlusion were significantly associated with END following reperfusion therapy. Conclusions: Numerous factors are associated with END occurrence in AIS patients receiving reperfusion therapy. Management of the risk factors of END may improve the functional outcome after reperfusion treatment.
Modern Neurosurgery for Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Ghafoor Laiba
Published: March 2023

Modern Neurosurgery for Psychiatric Disorders
The Classification of Neurosurgical Complications
Authors: Ghafoor Laiba
Published: March 2023

The Classification of Neurosurgical Complications
SISTEM PERNAPASAN IKAN
Authors: Fikri Muh.
Published: March 2023

Respirasi adalah proses pengikatan oksigen O2 dan pengluaran karbondioksida CO2 oleh darah melalui alat pernafasan. Proses pengikatan oksigen dipengarauhi oleh struktur alat pernafasan dan perbedaan tekanan parsial oksigen antara perairan dengan darah, difusi gas ke dalam darah atau keluar melalui alat pernafasan. Ikan bernapas menggunakan insang. Insang berbentuk lembaran-lembaran tipis berwarna merah muda dan selalu lembap. Bagian terluar dari insang berhubungan dengan air, sedang bagian dalam berhubungan erat dengan kapiler-kapiler darah. Tiap lembaran insang terdiri dari sepasang filamen dan tiap filamen mengandung banyak lapisan tipis (lamela). Pada filamen terdapat pembuluh darah yang memiliki banyak kapiler, sehingga memungkinkan O2 berdifusi masuk dan CO2 berdifusi keluar.
Neuroimaging in neuro-oncology: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ghafoor Laiba
Published: March 2023

Neuroimaging in neuro-oncology: A Comparative Study
A Narrative Overview on Fundamentals of Neurology
Authors: Lulwani Mumta , Khan Muskan
Published: March 2023

A Narrative Overview on Fundamentals of Neurology
A Summary on Existing Neurology related Databases
Authors: Ghafoor Laiba
Published: March 2023

A Summary on Existing Neurology related Databases
A new horizon for molecular neuro-oncology in clinical practice
Authors: Ghafoor Laiba
Published: March 2023

A new horizon for molecular neuro-oncology in clinicalpractice
Developmental relations between mathematics self-concept, interest, and achievement: A comparison of solo- and co-taught classes
Authors: Lehikoinen Hans , Väisänen Pertti , Havu-Nuutinen Sari , Lappalainen Kristiina , Niemivirta Markku
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the role of co-teaching in the development of students' mathematics motivation and achievement. More specifically, we examined how sixth-grade students’ (N = 146) mathematics self-concept and individual interest changed over one school year, how these changes were related to each other and to mathematics achievement, and, most importantly, whether they differed between co-teaching and solo-teaching conditions. The co-teaching condition included 70 students in three classes with mathematics taught by pairs of teachers, while the solo-teaching condition included 76 students in four classes with mathematics taught by individual class teachers. The design included three repeated measures of mathematics self-concept and interest as well as pre- and post-measures of mathematics test performance and teacher-rated mathematics grades. A series of latent growth curve analyses showed both self-concept and individual interest to decline over time, and these changes to be strongly correlated: as self-concept decreased, so did interest, and vice versa. The changes in self-concept and interest were independent of prior achievement and did not predict later achievement either. Students in the co-taught group received better grades at the end of the year, but no differences in the development of self-concept and individual interest were found between the teaching conditions. That is, co-teaching contributed to improvement in mathematics achievement, but this was not mediated by changes in mathematics motivation.
The cross-linguistic distribution of vowel and consonant intrinsic F0 effects
Authors: Ting Connie , Clayards Meghan , Sonderegger Morgan , McAuliffe Michael
Published: March 2023

Vowels vary systematically in F0 based on intrinsic properties of the vowel (e.g., height: VF0) and preceding obstruent (e.g., voicing: CF0). These patterns have been attested in most languages studied, raising the possibility that they stem from physiological sources. However, previous results show a range of variability in maximum effect size and duration. One explanation is that variation could be learned and increased to enhance phonological contrasts or suppressed for functional reasons (e.g. for tone languages). Alternatively, differences could be due to physiological factors such as laryngeal contrast type. We map out the distribution of intrinsic F0 effects across 20 languages, using large corpora of read speech, operationalizing CF0 as the difference between stop series which most closely approximate phonologically ``voiced" and ``voiceless" stops. We find both VF0 and CF0 effects are present and in the same direction in all languages examined, but languages vary greatly in effect size. While some of this variability may be due to phonological properties of the language (e.g. tone), and some variability in CF0 may be due to the diverse phonetic realizations of ``voicing" across languages, much of this variability remains to be explained. We find that the CF0 effect is consistently at least as large as the VF0 effect and is more variable across languages, suggesting a possible explanation for the tendency for CF0 effects to lead to sound change much more often than VF0 effects. While our results on variability in CF0 effects rely on the validity of `lumping' together diverse phonetic realizations, our results on robustness of CF0 and VF0 and on variability in VF0 hold regardless. These results motivate further investigation to deepen our understanding of intrinsic F0 effects, their cross-linguistic distribution, and their role as precursors to sound change.
The Rating of Emotional Abuse in Childhood (REACH) Questionnaire: A new self-report measure assessing history of childhood emotional abuse
Authors: Goodall Karen , Sawrikar Vilas
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: History of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) is prevalent among adults with affective disorders; therefore, a comprehensive measure of it is vital. The Rating of Emotional Abuse in Childhood Questionnaire (REACH) was developed to assess history of CEA in relation to threat, ignoring, humiliation/denigration, scapegoating, antipathy, and overcontrol/conditionality in a single measure. This paper investigated the psychometric properties of REACH in a community sample and proposes values for identifying individuals with clinically significant history of CEA. METHOD: A convenient sample of N = 483 adults (Female, 78.3 %) was recruited to complete questionnaires that included the REACH alongside measures of mental health, insecure attachment, emotion regulation, and childhood abuse. A subset of participants (n = 198) completed the REACH 7 days later. RESULTS: Factor analysis indicated a 2-factor model provided a good fit, with factors consistent with direct threat and covert categorisation of CEA. A total scale score of CEA was also recommended. The direct threat, covert, and total scales demonstrated strong psychometric properties with high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity, while our cutoff value for identifying significant history of CEA demonstrated good discriminant validity. LIMITATIONS: Convenient community sampling was used whereby most participants were female, thus the results may not generalise to other populations. CONCLUSIONS: The results support REACH as a valid measure and suggest history of CEA should be measured in relation to direct threat and covert CEA as they represent unique dimensions of CEA even though they often co-occur.
Beyond Newton: Why Assumptions of Universality are Critical to Cognitive Science, and How to Finally Move Past Them
Authors: Kroupin Ivan , Davis Helen Elizabeth , Henrich Joseph
Published: March 2023

Cognitive science is a study of human universals. This assumption, which we will refer to as the Newtonian Principle (NP), explicitly or implicitly pervades the theory, methods and prose of most cognitive research. This is despite at least half a century of sustained critique by cross-cultural and anthropologically-oriented researchers and glaring counterexamples such as the study of literacy. We argue that a key reason for this intransigence is that the NP solves the boundary problem of cognitive science: Since studying the idiosyncratic cognitive features of an individual is not a generalizable scientific enterprise, what scale of generalization in cognitive science is legitimate and interesting? The NP solution is a priori - only findings generalizing to all humans are legitimate. This approach is clearly flawed, however critiques of the NP fail to provide any alternative solution. In fact, some anti-NP branches of research have abandoned generalizability altogether. Sailing between the scylla and charybdis of NP and hermeneutics, we propose an explicit, alternative solution to the boundary problem. Namely, building on many previous efforts, we combine cultural-evolutionary theory with a newly defined principle of articulation. This framework requires work on any given cognitive feature to explicitly hypothesize the universal or group specific environments in which it emerges. Doing so shifts the question of legitimate generalizability from flawed, a priori assumptions to being a target of explicit claims and theorizing. Moreover, the articulation framework allows us to integrate existing findings across research traditions and motivates a range of future directions.
The learning bias for cross-category harmony is sensitive to semantic similarity: Evidence from artificial language learning experiments
Authors: Wang Fang , Kirby Simon , Culbertson Jennifer
Published: March 2023

Cross-category harmony is one of the most well-known typological universals. It describes the tendency for syntactic heads to be ordered consistently relative to their dependents across different phrase types. Explanations for this universal vary as to whether cognitive factors play a role, or instead the tendency is due to mechanisms of language change alone. In this paper we report a series of artificial language learning experiments that aim to test a hypothesized link between cognition and cross-category harmony. As with the typological tendency itself, we find mixed evidence for harmony across different types of phrases. Specifically, learners are biased in favor of harmony between the order of verb and object and the order of adposition and noun. However, the bias for harmony between the order of verb and object and the order of adjective and noun depends on the semantic similarity between adjectives and verbs. When adjectives are active and therefore more verb-like (e.g., ‘broken'), we find harmony; when they are stative and therefore less verb-like (e.g., ‘blue'), we do not. These results suggest that the bias for cross-category harmony is not purely based on the syntactic notions of head and dependent, but reflects the interaction between a general cognitive bias for simplicity and cross-category similarity (Culbertson and Kirby, 2016; Culbertson and Kirby, 2022).
The Flipped Classroom: Preparatory Activity Patterns and Their Relation to Course Performance and Self-Regulation
Authors: Omarchevska Yoana , van Leeuwen Anouschka , Mainhard Tim
Published: March 2023

In the flipped classroom, students engage in preparatory activities to study the course materials prior to attending teacher-guided sessions. Students’ success in the flipped classroom is directly related to their preparation and students tend to change their preparation activity over time. Few studies have investigated why students change their preparation activity. Therefore, we address this gap by first clustering university students (N = 174) enrolled in a flipped course based on their preparatory activities at three time points. We identified distinct preparatory activity patterns by computing changes in cluster membership. Next, we compared students’ preparatory activity patterns in course performance, motivation, and self-regulation. The temporal investigation of activity patterns provided important insights into how preparation (or lack thereof) at different phases relates to course performance. Intensive preparation only at the beginning of the course was related to significantly worse course performance whereas preparation only in the middle of the course was related to higher course performance. Students who performed intensively during the course had significantly higher course performance, higher intrinsic motivation at the beginning, and higher self-regulation (in particular, time management) in the middle of the course than students showing lower activity during preparation. Our findings provide important implications for future research and educational practice.
Improving binary decisions
Authors: Yang Yueran
Published: March 2023

How could one make better decisions when facing two possible states of ground truth? Past research has focused on enlarging the area under a decision maker’s receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to improve decision performance. This paper uncovers an important connection between ROC and expected utility: An ROC curve is a special case of a decision maker’s expected utility. Expected utility incorporates information about prior probabilities of ground truth, outcomes’ conditional probabilities, and outcomes’ utilities, providing an integrated metric for quantifying decision performance. Bridging the gap between ROC and expected utility reveals that ROC analysis focuses primarily on changing outcomes’ conditional probabilities to maximize expected utility. Yet, it is also important to consider additional aspects of binary decisions such as prior probabilities and utilities.
Ketamine reduces the neural distinction between self- and other-produced affective touch - a double-blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: Kaldewaij Reinoud , Salamone Paula Celeste , Enmalm Adam , Östman Lars , Pietrzak Michal , Karlsson Hanna , Löfberg Andreas , Gauffin Emelie , Samuelsson Martin , Gustavson Sarah , Capusan Andrea J , Olausson Håkan , Heilig Markus , Boehme Rebecca
Published: March 2023

A coherent sense of self is crucial for social functioning and mental health. The N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine induces short-term dissociative experiences, modelling an altered state of self-perception. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled within-subject study investigated the mechanisms for ketamine’s effects on the bodily sense of self. Participants received intravenous ketamine while performing self-touch and receiving touch by someone else during functional MRI – a previously established neural measure of self-other-distinction. Ketamine administration elicited dissociation and reduced neural activity associated with self-other-distinction in the right temporoparietal cortex. The temporoparietal cortex showed higher connectivity to somatosensory cortex and insula during other- compared to self-touch. This difference was augmented by ketamine, and correlated with dissociation strength. We demonstrate that disrupting the self-experience through ketamine-administration affects neural activity associated with self-other-distinction in a region involved in touch perception and social cognition, providing further evidence for the intricate relationship of the bodily self with the tactile sense.
Hierarchical organization of social action features along the lateral visual pathway
Authors: McMahon Emalie , Bonner Michael F. , Isik Leyla
Published: March 2023

Recent theoretical work has argued that in addition to the classical ventral (what) and dorsal (where/how) visual streams, there is a third visual stream on the lateral surface of the brain specialized for processing social information. Like visual representations in the ventral and dorsal streams, representations in the lateral streams are thought to be hierarchically organized. However, no prior studies have comprehensively investigated the organization of naturalistic, social visual content in the lateral stream. To address this question, we curated a naturalistic stimulus set of 250 three second videos of two people engaged in everyday actions. Each clip was richly annotated for its low-level visual features, mid-level scene & object properties, visual social primitives (including the distance between people and the extent to which they were facing), and high-level information about social interactions and affective content. Using a condition-rich fMRI experiment and a within-subject encoding model approach, we found that low-level visual features are represented in early visual cortex (EVC) and middle temporal area (MT), mid level visual-social features in extrastriate body area (EBA) and lateral occipital complex (LOC), and high-level social interaction information along the superior temporal sulcus (STS). Communicative interactions, in particular, explained unique variance in regions of the STS after accounting for variance explained by all other labeled features. Taken together, these results provide support for representation of increasingly abstract social visual content—consistent with hierarchical organization—along the lateral visual stream and suggest that recognizing communicative actions may be a key computational goal of the lateral visual pathway.
The Risk-Benefit Balance in the COVID-19 “Vaccine Hesitancy” Literature: An Umbrella Review Protocol
Authors: Chaufan Claudia , Hemsing Natalie , McDonald Jennifer , Heredia Camila
Published: March 2023

“Vaccine hesitancy” has been described as a major public health problem, especially in the COVID-19 era. Identified factors driving “hesitancy” include the concerns of recipients with the safety, side effects, and risk-benefit ratio of COVID-19 vaccines1 — a proper assessment and disclosure of which are critical to the requisite process of informed consent. However, the expert literature has given little attention to the evidence informing these concerns, focusing instead on features of the recipients themselves to explain the phenomenon of so-called “hesitancy”. This umbrella review will expand the scope of research on “vaccine hesitancy” by examining how the safety, side effects, and risk-benefit ratio concerns of recipients of COVID-19 vaccines are addressed in the expert literature. We will include systematic reviews on COVID-19 “vaccine hesitancy” that examine hesitancy in any population involved with COVID-19 vaccination decisions for themselves or as caretakers (e.g., decisions about “vaccinating” their children) to capture the broadest possible range of perspectives on the phenomenon of interest. Only completed, published, and refereed systematic reviews in English will be included. We will search PubMed, the Epistemonikos COVID-19 platform (COVID-19 L·OVE), and the WHO Global Research on COVID-19 Database to locate quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies reviews. Reviews that meet the inclusion criteria will undergo quality assessment (AMSTAR) and data extraction. Two reviewers will independently conduct title and abstract screening and extract and synthesize the data. Disagreements will be resolved through full team discussion. Subgroup analyses will be performed to compare findings according to social indicators of target populations, country location of the first author, and other contextual factors. Thematic analysis and synthesis will be used to “transform the data” into themes by applying a deductive-inductive approach. Frequency distributions will be calculated to assess the strength of support for each theme. Findings will be presented in tabular and narrative forms to facilitate their interpretation. Informed consent is a fundamental bioethical principle in medical research and practice. Insufficient attention to the concerns of vaccine recipients about these matters, compounded by a neglect to discuss the evidence-base informing these concerns, may contribute to the very problem that the COVID-19 “vaccine hesitancy” expert literature purports to address. This is especially true of an intervention based on novel technologies and intended to be delivered on a global scale. Identifying if and how the expert literature engages with these concerns is critical. (Note: Published @ https://ijvtpr.com/index.php/IJVTPR/article/view/62)
Decentralization, Ethnic Fractionalization, and Public Services: Evidence from Kenyan Healthcare
Authors: Hémet Camille , Wren-Lewis Liam , Mahoney Jessica
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the impact of ethnic fractionalization on public service use by exploiting a major constitutional reform in Kenya. Following an important period of inter-ethnic conflict, responsibility for local health services was decentralized to 47 newly created county governments. Using an event-study design, we find that use of public clinics for births increased significantly after the reform, but only in counties that were relatively ethnically homogeneous. We also find a significant increase in the correlation between county ethnic fractionalization and a range of other measures of public health service use. Services in these counties are also less likely to require payments after decentralization. Using within-county variation to investigate mechanisms, we find healthcare use increases were concentrated among areas and individuals of the same ethnicity as members of the new county government executives. Overall, the results suggest that more ethnically homogeneous sub-national jurisdictions can rapidly increase public service use.