bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative complications of liver transplant: evidence for the optimization of nursing care Complicações pós-operatórias do transplante hepático: evidências para otimização da assistência de enfermagem
Authors: Morais Evelyn Nascimento de , Conrad Deise , Machado Glaucia Costa , Abreu Maíza de Oliveira , Mattos Elane Moreira de , Cruz Samuel Augusto Chaves da
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: investigar as principais complicações mais frequentes no pós-operatório do transplante hepático e apontar as evidências para a detecção precoce e otimização da assistência de enfermagem. Método: trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa do tipo descritiva, foram analisados todos os prontuários eletrônicos disponíveis no sistema MvPep do período de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2014. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário esquematizado, e para a análise foram transportados para Microsoft Office Excel 2007, transcritos em forma de tabelas e feito gráficos para melhor visualização dos dados. Resultados: destacaram-se diversas complicações como as neurológicas, pulmonares, respiratórias, cardíacas, hematológicas, vasculares, biliares, as do próprio enxerto, intestinais, peritoneais, cirúrgicas, infecciosas e renais. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a necessidade de uma assistência diferenciada e individualizada aos transplantados, com um olhar aguçado e minucioso, sendo o enfermeiro o responsável por planejá-la.
Particle Precipitation Effects on Convection and the Magnetic Reconnection Rate in Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Jensen Joseph B. , Raeder Joachim , Maynard Kristofor , Cramer W. Douglas
Published: October 2017

We investigate the connection between particle precipitation in the ionosphere to both the subsolar distance of the magnetopause and the reconnection rate using the OpenGGCM‐CTIM‐RCM model. We simulated two events, a calm period on 4 May 2005 and a storm period on 17 March 2013. We find that scaling the precipitation energy flux by several orders of magnitude, conductivities in the auroral oval are influenced which, in turn, influence the cross polar cap potentials. With the change in conductance, magnetospheric convection is enhanced or reduced, and the location of the subsolar distance of the magnetopause can change by up to one RE. The investigation of the reconnection rate for the varying precipitation simulations using the Hesse‐Forbes‐Bern method shows that particle precipitation affects the magnetic reconnection rate in these two events. The most notable differences, up to 40%, occur on short time scales, that is, hours. A relation for longer time scales (tens of hours) between precipitation and reconnection for these two events is more difficult to ascertain. Differences in cross polar cap potential (CPCP) and R can be explained by viscous interactions and polar cap saturation. We find that when precipitation was decreased, resulting in low polar conductance, viscous interactions are strong and CPCP is higher than R. For high precipitation, high conductance cases the polar cap is in the saturation regime and CPCP is lower than R. We find hemispheric asymmetries in the cross polar cap potential and in the calculated reconnection rate derived from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Relativistic Electron Increase During Chorus Wave Activities on the 6–8 March 2016 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Matsui H. , Torbert R. B. , Spence H. E. , Argall M. R. , Alm L. , Farrugia C. J. , Kurth W. S. , Baker D. N. , Blake J. B. , Funsten H. O. , Reeves G. D. , Ergun R. E. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Lindqvist P.‐A.
Published: October 2017

There was a geomagnetic storm on 6–8 March 2016, in which Van Allen Probes A and B separated by ∼2.5 h measured increase of relativistic electrons with energies approximately several hundred keV to 1 MeV. Simultaneously, chorus waves were measured by both Van Allen Probes and Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Some of the chorus elements were rising tones, possibly due to nonlinear effects. These measurements are compared with a nonlinear theory of chorus waves incorporating the inhomogeneity ratio and the field equation. From this theory, a chorus wave profile in time and one‐dimensional space is simulated. Test particle calculations are then performed in order to examine the energization rate of electrons. Some electrons are accelerated, although more electrons are decelerated. The measured time scale of the electron increase is inferred to be consistent with this nonlinear theory.
2D and 3D Crystal Formation of 2,6‐Bis[4‐ethylphenyl]anthracene with Isotropic High Charge‐Carrier Mobility
Authors: He Chao , Li Aiyuan , Yan Lijia , Zhang Dongwei , Zhu Yanan , Chen Haibiao , Meng Hong , Goto Osamu
Published: October 2017

Organic semiconductor materials with high charge‐carrier mobility and high luminescence are promising for fabricating high‐performance organic light‐emitting transistors and electrically pumped organic laser diodes. Some derivatives with an anthracene core show both characteristics; however, independently controlling the size and the thickness of single‐crystal films is challenging. Here, 2D and 3D crystal formation is demonstrated by using an air‐stable organic semiconductor, 2,6‐bis[4‐ethylphenyl]anthracene (BEPAnt). The shape of the single‐crystal films can be changed from about 0.10 mm in diameter and 400 nm in thickness to 1.0 mm in diameter and 50 nm in thickness by controlling the growth conditions using saturation–supersaturation vapor pressure curves. The in‐plane growth rate increases by ten times while the out‐of‐plane growth rate decreases to about 1/8 as the growth temperature increases from 210 to 250 °C. Single‐crystal organic field‐effect transistors based on BEPAnt show isotropic mobilities as high as 7.2 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Coaxial‐Structured Weavable and Wearable Electroluminescent Fibers
Authors: Liang Guojin , Yi Ming , Hu Haibo , Ding Ke , Wang Lei , Zeng Haibo , Tang Jiang , Liao Lei , Nan Cewen , He Yunbin , Ye Changhui
Published: October 2017

Flexible, lightweight, and wearable devices are currently attracting tremendous interest in the field of advanced electronics. In this work, novel 1D, flexible, coaxial‐structured, bright and colorful alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) fibers consisting of AgNW‐based electrodes, a ZnS phosphor layer, and silicone dielectric and encapsulation layers are designed and fabricated through a simple protocol. This facile all‐solution‐based fabrication protocol enables scalable production of long ACEL fibers (>12 cm). Stemming from the rational design and facile fabrication process, the as‐prepared ACEL fibers exhibit uniform, bright, and angularly independent luminance (up to 202 cd m−2 @ 195 V and 2 kHz). Benefiting mainly from the robust AgNW‐based electrodes and versatile silicone, the ACEL fibers exhibit additionally excellent flexibility and mechanical stability, being capable to maintain ≈91% of luminance after 500 bending‐recovery cycles, as well as mitigated luminance degradation after continuous work in ambient. The proper length combined with superb mechanical properties makes the ACEL fibers readily weavable. Most notably, the isolating, hydrophobic, and biocompatible silicone encapsulation layer endows the ACEL fibers unprecedented wearability. Eventually, a proof‐of‐concept ACEL fabric is demonstrated by weaving the as‐prepared long ACEL fibers, to show the future perspective of directly weaving ACEL fibers into densely arrayed wearable functional cloths.
CHARGEd with neural crest defects
Authors: Pauli Silke , Bajpai Ruchi , Borchers Annette
Published: October 2017

Neural crest cells are highly migratory pluripotent cells that give rise to diverse derivatives including cartilage, bone, smooth muscle, pigment, and endocrine cells as well as neurons and glia. Abnormalities in neural crest‐derived tissues contribute to the etiology of CHARGE syndrome, a complex malformation disorder that encompasses clinical symptoms like coloboma, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies, and deafness. Mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 7 (CHD7) gene are causative of CHARGE syndrome and loss‐of‐function data in different model systems have firmly established a role of CHD7 in neural crest development. Here, we will summarize our current understanding of the function of CHD7 in neural crest development and discuss possible links of CHARGE syndrome to other developmental disorders.
Gastrointestinal and feeding difficulties in CHARGE syndrome: A review from head‐to‐toe
Authors: Blake Kim D. , Hudson Alexandra S.
Published: October 2017

CHARGE syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic condition that is primarily diagnosed based on clinical features, with genetic testing available for confirmation. The CHARGE mnemonic stands for some of the common characteristics: coloboma, heart defects, atresia/stenosis of the choanae, retardation of growth/development, genitourinary anomalies, and ear abnormalities (CHARGE). However, many of the common clinical features are not captured by this mnemonic, including cranial nerve dysfunction, considered by some to be one of the major diagnostic criteria. Over 90% of individuals experience feeding and gastrointestinal dysfunction, which carries great morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review is to examine the nature of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and feeding difficulties in CHARGE syndrome, focusing on their underlying pathology, associated investigations, and available treatment options. We also provide information on available tools (for parents, clinicians, and researchers) that are important additions to the lifelong healthcare management of every individual with CHARGE syndrome. We review how cranial nerve dysfunction is one of the most important characteristics underlying the pervasive GI and feeding dysfunction, and discuss the need for future research on gut innervation and motility in this genetic disorder.
Inner ear manifestations in CHARGE: Abnormalities, treatments, animal models, and progress toward treatments in auditory and vestibular structures
Authors: Choo Daniel I. , Tawfik Kareem O. , Martin Donna M. , Raphael Yehoash
Published: October 2017

The inner ear contains the sensory organs for hearing and balance. Both hearing and balance are commonly affected in individuals with CHARGE syndrome (CS), an autosomal dominant condition caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the CHD7 gene. Semicircular canal dysplasia or aplasia is the single most prevalent feature in individuals with CHARGE leading to deficient gross motor skills and ambulation. Identification of CHD7 as the major gene affected in CHARGE has enabled acceleration of research in this field. Great progress has been made in understanding the role of CHD7 in the development and function of the inner ear, as well as in related organs such as the middle ear and auditory and vestibular neural pathways. The goals of current research on CHD7 and CS are to (a) improve our understanding of the pathology caused by CHD7 pathogenic variants and (b) to provide better tools for prognosis and treatment. Current studies utilize cells and whole animals, from flies to mammals. The mouse is an excellent model for exploring mechanisms of Chd7 function in the ear, given the evolutionary conservation of ear structure, function, Chd7 expression, and similarity of mutant phenotypes between mice and humans. Newly recognized developmental functions for mouse Chd7 are shedding light on how abnormalities in CHD7 might lead to CS symptoms in humans. Here we review known human inner ear phenotypes associated with CHD7 pathogenic variants and CS, summarize progress toward diagnosis and treatment of inner ear‐related pathologies, and explore new avenues for treatment based on basic science discoveries.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Cyclopropane‐Fused Cyclic Amidines: An Oxidative Carbanion Cyclization
Authors: Veeranna Kirana Devarahosahalli , Das Kanak Kanti , Baskaran Sundarababu
Published: October 2017

A novel and efficient one‐pot method has been developed for the synthesis of cyclopropane‐fused bicyclic amidines on the basis of a CuBr2‐mediated oxidative cyclization of carbanions. The usefulness of this unique multicomponent strategy has been demonstrated by the use of a wide variety of substrates to furnish novel cyclopropane‐containing amidines with a quaternary center in very good yields. This ketenimine‐based approach provides straightforward access to biologically active and pharmaceutically important 3‐azabicyclo[n.1.0]alkane frameworks under mild conditions. The synthetic power of this methodology is exemplified in the concise synthesis of the pharmaceutically important antidepressant drug candidate GSK1360707 and key intermediates for the synthesis of amitifadine, bicifadine, and narlaprevir.
Insights into the Dual Activity of a Bifunctional Dehydratase‐Cyclase Domain
Authors: Sung Kwang Hoon , Berkhan Gesche , Hollmann Tim , Wagner Lisa , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Hahn Frank
Published: October 2017

Oxygen‐containing heterocycles are a common structural motif in polyketide natural products and contribute significantly to their biological activity. Here, we report structural and mechanistic investigations on AmbDH3, a polyketide synthase domain with dual activity as dehydratase (DH) and pyran‐forming cyclase in ambruticin biosynthesis. AmbDH3 is similar to monofunctional DH domains, using H51 and D215 for dehydration. V173 was confirmed as a diagnostic residue for cyclization activity by a mutational study and enzymatic in vitro experiments. Similar motifs were observed in the seemingly monofunctional AmbDH2, which also shows an unexpected cyclase activity. Our results pave the way for mining of hidden cyclases in biosynthetic pathways. They also open interesting prospects for the generation of novel biocatalysts for chemoenzymatic synthesis and pyran‐polyketides by combinatorial biosynthesis.
DNA/BSA binding interactions and VHPO mimicking potential of vanadium(IV) complexes: Synthesis, structural characterization and DFT studies
Authors: Neelakantan M.A. , Balakrishnan Chithiraivel , Selvarani V. , Theetharappan M.
Published: October 2017

Vanadium(IV) Schiff base complexes (VOL1‐VOL3) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, various spectral methods and single crystal XRD studies. Structural analysis of VOL2 reveals that the central vanadium ion in the complex is six coordinate with distorted octahedral geometry. Density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent (TD‐DFT) studies were used to understand the electronic transitions observed in the complexes in UV–Vis spectra. The electrochemical behavior of the complexes was investigated in acetonitrile medium exhibit quasi‐reversible one electron transfer. The DNA and BSA protein binding interaction of vanadium complexes has been explored by UV–Vis and fluorescence spectral methods and viscosity measurements reveal that the complexes interact with CT‐DNA through intercalation mode and follows the order VOL1 < VOL3 < VOL2. The complexes exhibit binding interactions with BSA protein. The complexes act as chemical nuclease and cleave DNA in the presence of H2O2. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to evaluate the radical scavenging activity demonstrate the antioxidant property of the complexes. The antimicrobial activity was screened for several microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli. The mimicking of vanadium haloperoxidase was investigated by the bromination of the organic substrate phenol red by vanadium complexes in the presence of bromide and H2O2.
Magnetically Recyclable Metal–Organic Framework@Fe3O4 Composite‐Catalyzed Facile Reduction of Nitroarene Compounds in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Yang Sen , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Chen Qun , He Ming‐Yang , Wang Liang
Published: October 2017

A kind of Metal–organic framework (MOF) composite namely Cu‐BTC@Fe3O4 (BTC = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate) was prepared and showed good catalytic activity toward the reduction of nitroarenes. This reaction proceeded smoothly under mild reaction conditions in aqueous medium using sodium borohydride as the reduction agent, affording the corresponding anilines in good to excellent yields. In addition, the catalyst could be easily recovered with an external permanent magnet and be reused for successive six runs with slight decrease in its activity.
Mesoporous chitosan‐immobilized iron tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin as a model of cytochrome P‐450 enzyme for oxidation of ethylbenzene
Authors: Huang Guan , Su Tong‐ming , Zeng Kai , Guo Yong‐an , Zhao Shu‐kai , Wei Su‐juan
Published: October 2017

Mesoporous chitosan‐grafted iron tetra (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin catalyst (Fe TCPP/mesp‐CTS) was prepared and investigated as a practical model for the nano‐cavity and coordinate regulation‐catalysis(CRC) function in cytochrome P‐450 enzyme. Fe TCPP/mesp‐CTS was characterized by X‐ray Diffraction(XRD),
Thermogravimetry(TG), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy(UV‐Vis), Ultraviolet–visible–
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV‐DRS),
Scanning electron microscope (SEM),
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT‐IR), and
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) techniques. The catalytic activity of Fe TCPP/mesp‐CTS for ethylbenzene oxidation was investigated and it was proved to be a better catalyst than Fe TCPP/macp‐CTS based on the ethylbenzene conversion, turnover numbers(TON), and the reusability. These results are attributed to the mesocavity and CRC of amino group in Fe TCPP/mesp‐CTS. The highest ethylbenzene conversion and yields of ketone and alcohol were 24.4% and 18.2%, respectively.
Hybrid double‐network hydrogel based on poly(aspartic acid) and poly(acryl amide) with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Lee Jae Sang , Park Ho Seok , Kim Young Jun , Kim Ji‐Heung
Published: October 2017

Hydrogels usually have a smaller mechanical strength and toughness than generic polymeric materials. Therefore, many studies report improvements for mechanical properties of hydrogels by preparing double‐network hydrogels, nanocomposite hydrogels, and nanostructured hydrogels. In this study, interpenetrating‐type dually‐crosslinked hydrogels were prepared via free radical crosslinking polymerization of acrylamide monomers in the presence of poly(aspartic acid) and subsequent immersion in a metal ion containing aqueous solution to induce extra physical crosslinking through ionic or coordination bonding. Using this approach, the mechanical properties of inherently weak and brittle homopolymer gels could be improved via interpenetrating the double network formed by both covalent bonding and metal coordination‐assisted reversible physical crosslinks. The preparation, swelling behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties of these hydrogels are presented. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45925.
Higher extrinsic and lower intrinsic connectivity in resting state networks for professional Baduk (Go) players
Authors: Sohn William S. , Lee Tae Young , Kwak Seoyeon , Yoon Youngwoo Bryan , Kwon Jun Soo
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Dedication and training to a profession results in a certain level of expertise. This expertise, like any other skill obtained in our lifetime, is encoded in the brain and may be reflected in our brain's connectome. This property can be observed by mapping resting state connectivity. In this study, we examine the differences in resting state functional connectivity in four major networks between professional “Baduk” (Go) players and normal subjects.

Methods

Resting state fMRI scans were acquired for professional “Baduk” (Go) players and normal controls. Major resting state networks were identified using independent component analysis and compared between the two groups. Networks which were compared include the default mode network, the left and right fronto‐parietal network, and the salience network.

Results

We found that normal subjects showed increased connectivity within certain areas of each target network. Professional players, however, showed higher connectivity to regions outside the traditional regions of each given network. Close examination of these regions revealed that regions shown to have higher connectivity in professional players have been revealed to be relevant in expertise for board games.

Conclusion

The findings in this study suggest that continuous training results in greater integration between regions and networks, which are necessary for high‐level performance. The differences observed in our study between normal controls and professional players also shed light on the difference in brain connectivity which can arise through lifestyle and specialization in a specific field.
Green Innovation, Managerial Concern and Firm Performance: An Empirical Study
Authors: Tang Mingfeng , Walsh Grace , Lerner Daniel , Fitza Markus A. , Li Qiaohua
Published: October 2017

Extant literature, while often suggesting a positive link between green innovation and firm performance, is inconclusive. Moreover, the possibly moderating role of management has not been sufficiently considered. Using a unique dataset sampling 188 manufacturing firms in China, we examine how managerial concern (for green issues) moderates the relationship between green innovation and firm performance. We find that green process innovation and green product innovation both significantly (positively) predict firm performance, when not considering managerial concern for the environment. Once managerial concern is included, we observe that it compounds the positive effect of green process innovation on firm performance – but not product innovation, which no longer explains significant unique variance in firm performance. The findings hold various implications for future research and business policy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Triple Bottom Line: A Critical Review from a Transdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Isil Ozgur , Hernke Michael T.
Published: October 2017

The triple bottom line (TBL) has reformed management discourse by making sustainability part of the business agenda, yet increasingly the TBL has evolved into a proxy for sustainability, often visually depicted as the mutual maximization of economic, social and environmental dimensions. We use a sentiment analysis to show that the extant literature views the TBL favorably and uncritically, with only 8% of academic studies invoking the term negatively. Next, based on extant management literature, we show that two core assumptions underpin the TBL metaphor: win–win and firm‐level sustainability. Then we employ a transdisciplinary comparative analysis to contrast these assumptions with two ecological perspectives: strong sustainability and nested hierarchy. By drawing extensively from the literature of ecologically grounded sciences, our study contributes a critical evaluation of the TBL paradigm of sustainability.
Sustainability and Environmental Behaviour in Family Firms: A Longitudinal Analysis of Environment‐Related Activities, Innovation and Performance
Authors: Doluca Hüseyin , Wagner Marcus , Block Jörn
Published: October 2017

Environmental behaviour plays an important role as concerns the public image and performance of firms, as well as for the achievement of sustainable development in society. This study investigates the behaviour of family firms regarding environment‐related activities, innovation and performance. Opposing goals are found to impact environmental behaviour of family firms, in particular the trade‐off between family firms' risk awareness and their aim of achieving socioeconomic wealth. We find that family firms initially lag regarding environment‐related activities, beneficial product, process and organizational innovations and performance. Yet, family firms catch up and show overall less volatility compared with other firms. Overall, we thus observe a convergence process between family and non‐family firms, which ultimately enables the two types of firm to achieve similar outcomes in terms of environment‐related activities, beneficial innovations and performance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Antecedents of Green Loyalty in the Cruise Industry: Sustainable Development and Environmental Management
Authors: Han Heesup , Lee Myong Jae , Kim Wansoo
Published: October 2017

As there is a lack of understanding about cruise travelers' eco‐friendly behaviors and knowledge about eco‐friendly cruises, this study attempted to examine the role of green value, satisfaction, desire, and internal and external normative factors in building passengers' green loyalty for environmentally responsible cruises. A survey methodology and structural equation modeling were utilized to achieve the research purpose. Data quality assessment revealed that all measures for variables included an adequate level of reliability and validity. Results of the structural analysis indicated that our theoretical framework had a sufficient level of anticipation power for loyalty. The proposed associations among study variables were generally supported. The significant indirect influence of green values and social norms on loyalty was identified. Moreover, the magnitude of the total influence of social norms on loyalty was the greatest among the study constructs. Overall, our findings offer valuable and meaningful insights for cruise researchers and practitioners. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
E12 sheet plastination: Techniques and applications
Authors: Ottone Nicolas Ernesto , Baptista Carlos A. C. , Latorre Rafael , Bianchi Homero Felipe , Del Sol Mariano , Fuentes Ramon
Published: October 2017

Plastination is an anatomical technique that consists of replacing the liquids and fat of specimens by reactive polymers through forced impregnation in a vacuum. These are then polymerized to achieve the final result. E12 sheet plastination involves epoxy resin impregnation of thin (2–4 mm) and ultra‐thin (<2 mm) tissue sheets, producing dry, transparent, odorless, non‐toxic and long‐lasting sheets. E12 sheet plastination techniques were reviewed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and SciELO databases, and manual searches. After searching, 616 records were found using the online and manual searches (MEDLINE,n: 207; EMBASE,n: 346; SciELO,n: 44; Manual search: 23). Finally, 96 records were included in this review (after duplicates and articles unrelated to the subject were excluded). The aim of this work was to review the E12 sheet plastination technique, searching for articles concerning views of it, identifying the different variants implemented by researchers since its creation by Gunther von Hagens, and to identify its applications from teaching and research in anatomy to morphological sciences. Clin. Anat. 31:742–756, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Composition and Biological Investigations of Eryngium triquetrum Essential Oil from Algeria
Authors: Medbouhi Ali , Merad Nadjiya , Khadir Abdelmounaim , Bendahou Mourad , Djabou Nassim , Costa Jean , Muselli Alain
Published: October 2017

The chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil obtained from Eryngium triquetrum from Algeria were studied. The chemical composition of sample oils from 25 locations was investigated using GC‐FID and GC/MS. Twenty‐four components representing always more than 87% were identified in essential oils from total aerial parts of plants, stems, flowers and roots. Falcarinol is highly dominant in the essential oil from the roots (95.5%). The relative abundance of falcarinol in the aerial parts correlates with the phenological stages of the plant. Aerial parts of E. triquetrum produce an essential oil dominated by falcarinol during the early flowering stage, and then there is a decrease in falcarinol and rebalancing of octanal during the flowering stage. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of the chemical composition of E. triquetrum essential oil. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity by means of the paper disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration assays, showed a moderate efficiency of E. triquetrum essential oil. Using the DPPH method, the interesting antioxidant activity of E. triquetrum essential oil was established. These activities could be attributed to the dominance of falcarinol. The outcome of our literature search on the occurrence of falcarinol in essential oils suggests that E. triquetrum from Algeria could be considered as a possible source of natural falcarinol.
The involvement of histone methylation in osteoblastic differentiation of human periosteum‐derived cells cultured in vitro under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Yoon Dae‐Kwan , Park Ji‐Sung , Rho Gyu‐Jin , Lee Hyeon‐Jeong , Sung Iel‐Yong , Son Jang‐Ho , Park Bong‐Wook , Kang Young‐Hoon , Byun Sung‐Hoon , Hwang Sun‐Chul , Woo Dong Kyun , Cho Yeong‐Cheol , Byun June‐Ho
Published: October 2017

Although oxygen concentrations affect the growth and function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the impact of hypoxia on osteoblastic differentiation is not understood. Likewise, the effect of hypoxia‐induced epigenetic changes on osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro hypoxic response of human periosteum‐derived cells (hPDCs). Hypoxia resulted in greater proliferation of hPDCs as compared with those cultured in normoxia. Further, hypoxic conditions yielded decreased expression of apoptosis‐ and senescence‐associated genes by hPDCs. Osteoblast phenotypes of hPDCS were suppressed by hypoxia, as suggested by alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red‐S‐positive mineralization, and mRNA expression of osteoblast‐related genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed an increased presence of H3K27me3, trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3, on the promoter region of bone morphogenetic protein‐2. In addition, mRNA expression of histone lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) by hPDCs was significantly decreased in hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that an increased level of H3K27me3 on the promoter region of bone morphogenetic protein‐2, in combination with downregulation of KDM6B activity, is involved in the suppression of osteogenic phenotypes of hPDCs cultured in hypoxic conditions. Although oxygen tension plays an important role in the viability and maintenance of MSCs in an undifferentiated state, the effect of hypoxia on osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs remains controversial. In addition, evidence regarding the importance of epigenetics in regulating MSCs has been limited. This study was to examine the role hypoxia on osteoblastic differentiation of hPDCs, and we examined whether histone methylation is involved in the observed effect of hypoxia on osteogenic differentiation of hPDCs.
Bleomycin Can Cleave an Oncogenic Noncoding RNA
Authors: Angelbello Alicia J. , Disney Matthew D.
Published: October 2017

Noncoding RNAs are pervasive in cells and contribute to diseases such as cancer. A question in biomedical research is whether noncoding RNAs are targets of medicines. Bleomycin is a natural product that cleaves DNA; however, it is known to cleave RNA in vitro. Herein, an in‐depth analysis of the RNA cleavage preferences of bleomycin A5 is presented. Bleomycin A5 prefers to cleave RNAs with stretches of AU base pairs. Based on these preferences and bioinformatic analysis, the microRNA‐10b hairpin precursor was identified as a potential substrate for bleomycin A5. Both in vitro and cellular experiments demonstrated cleavage. Importantly, chemical cleavage by bleomycin A5 in the microRNA‐10b hairpin precursors occurred near the Drosha and Dicer enzymatic processing sites and led to destruction of the microRNA. Evidently, oncogenic noncoding RNAs can be considered targets of cancer medicines and might elicit their pharmacological effects by targeting noncoding RNA.
Total Synthesis of Two Possible Diastereomers of Natural 6‐Chlorotetrahydrofuran Acetogenin and Its Stereostructural Elucidation
Authors: Takamura Hiroyoshi , Katsube Tomoya , Okamoto Kazuki , Kadota Isao
Published: October 2017

The first total synthesis of two possible diastereomers of natural 6‐chlorotetrahydrofuran acetogenin 1 has been achieved. The synthetic route features 5‐exo‐tet cyclization, Z selective Wittig reaction and Julia olefination for the construction of conjugated diene and enyne moieties, and stereoselective chlorination. Comparison of their 1H and 13C NMR data and specific rotation with those of the natural product elucidated the absolute configuration of natural (−)‐6‐chlorotetrahydrofuran acetogenin 1.
Z−H Bond Activation in (Di)hydrogen Bonding as a Way to Proton/Hydride Transfer and H2 Evolution
Authors: Belkova Natalia V. , Filippov Oleg A. , Shubina Elena S.
Published: October 2017

The ability of neutral transition‐metal hydrides to serve as a source of hydride ion H− or proton H+ is well appreciated. The hydride ligands possessing a partly negative charge are proton accepting sites, forming a dihydrogen bond, M−Hδ−⋅⋅⋅δ+HX (M=transition metal or metalloid). On the other hand, some metal hydrides are able to serve as a proton source and give hydrogen bond of M−Hδ+⋅⋅⋅X type (X=organic base). In this paper we analyse recent works on transition‐metal and boron hydrides showing i) how formation of an intermolecular complex between the reactants changes the Z−H (M−H and X−H) bond polarity and ii) what is the implication of such activation in the mechanisms of hydrides reactions.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 6,6‐Disubstituted Pentafulvenes Containing a Chiral Pendant Hydroxy Group
Authors: Nouch Ryan , Cini Melchior , Magre Marc , Abid Mohammed , Diéguez Montserrat , Pàmies Oscar , Woodward Simon , Lewis William
Published: October 2017

Simple enantioselective synthesis of 6,6‐disubstituted pentafulvenes bearing chiral pendant hydroxy groups are attained by cascade reactivity using commercially available proline‐based organocatalysts. Condensation of cyclopentadiene with the acetyl function of a 1,2‐formylacetophenone, followed by cyclization of a resulting fulvene‐stabilized carbanion with the formyl group, generates bicyclic chiral alcohols with initial er values up to 94:6. Exceptional enantio‐enrichment of the resultant alcohols results upon crystallization—even near racemic samples spontaneously de‐racemize. This enables new families of substituted cyclopentadienes that are both enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure to be rapidly attained.
The Trifluoromethyl Sulfinyl and Oxathiyl Radicals
Authors: Wu Zhuang , Xu Jian , Deng Guohai , Chu Xianxu , Sokolenko Liubov , Trabelsi Tarek , Francisco Joseph S. , Eckhardt André K. , Schreiner Peter R. , Zeng Xiaoqing
Published: October 2017

Two hitherto unreported sulfur‐centered radicals CF3SO. and CF3OS. were generated in the gas phase through high‐vacuum flash pyrolyses of sulfoxide CF3S(O)X (X=CF3, Cl, PhO) precursors. The CF3OS. molecule is the first experimental example that constitutes an oxathiyl radical. It was isolated and characterized by combining matrix‐isolation IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy with quantum chemical computations up to the UCCSD(T)‐F12/cc‐pVTZ‐F12 level of theory. Upon UV light irradiation (254 or 266 nm), sulfinyl radical (CF3SO.) isomerizes to oxathiyl radical (CF3OS.) in cryogenic noble gas matrices (Ar and Ne). Natural population analyses at the BP86/def2‐TZVPP//UCCSD(T)‐F12/cc‐pVTZ‐F12 level suggest that the spin density in CF3OS. is mainly localized on the sulfur atom (0.86), whereas, in CF3SO. the spin density is almost equally distributed on the sulfur (0.55) and oxygen (0.43) atoms.
Convenient enzymatic resolution of (R,S)‐2‐methylbutyric acid catalyzed by immobilized lipases
Authors: Mittersteiner Mateus , Linshalm Bruna Luiza , Vieira Ana Paula Furlan , Brondani Patrícia Bulegon , Scharf Dilamara Riva , de Jesus Paulo Cesar
Published: October 2017

The application of several immobilized lipases has been explored in the enantioselective esterification of (R,S)‐2‐methylbutyric acid, an insect pheromone precursor. With the use of Candida antarctica B, using hexane as solvent, (R)‐pentyl 2‐methylbutyrate was prepared in 2 h with c 40%, eep 90%, and E = 35, while Thermomyces lanuginosus leads to c 18%, eep 91%, and E = 26. The (S)‐enantiomer was obtained by the use of Candida rugosa or Rhizopus oryzae (2‐h reaction, c 34% and 35%, eep 75 and 49%, and E = 10 and 4, respectively). Under optimal conditions, the effect of the solvent, the molar ratio, and the nucleophile were evaluated.
Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehydes: Single Component Catalyst and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Jiang Xingguo , Zhai Yizhan , Chen Junyu , Han Yulin , Yang Zheng , Ma Shengming
Published: October 2017

An aerobic oxidation of aldehydes towards carboxylic acids in MeCN using 1 atm of pure oxygen or oxygen in air as the oxidant and a catalytic amount of single component catalyst, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, has been developed. Carboxylic acids with different synthetically useful functional groups were obtained at room temperature. Two mechanistic pathways have been proposed based on isotopic labeling, NMR monitoring, and control experiments. The practicality of this reaction has been demonstrated by conducting several 50 mmol‐scale reactions using pure oxygen or an air‐flow of ~30 mL/min.
Bloch equations for proton exchange reactions in an aqueous solution
Authors: Lee Jae‐Seung , Regatte Ravinder R. , Jerschow Alexej
Published: October 2017

The extension of the Bloch equations for acid‐base reactions in an aqueous solution is revisited. The acid‐base reactions are second order, and several reactions catalyzed by distinct catalysts may happen simultaneously. By constructing pseudo first‐order reactions and assuming fast dissemination of protons from catalysts to solvent water, this extension converges to the well‐known Bloch‐McConnell equations for a two‐site first‐order exchange. Thus, explicit relationships between the parameters appearing in the reactions and the Bloch‐McConnell equations are established. The dependencies of exchange rates and chemical exchange saturation transfer effects on pH were numerically and experimentally investigated for representative examples.
Understanding the Stability of Pt‐Based Nanocages under Thermal Stress Using In Situ Electron Microscopy
Authors: Vara Madeline , Wang Xue , Howe Jane , Chi Miaofang , Xia Younan
Published: October 2017

We report a systematic study of the thermal stability of Pt‐based cubic, octahedral, and icosahedral nanocages using high‐resolution electron microscopy coupled with in situ heating. Our results indicate that all these nanocages could be used with no observable changes up to 150 °C, with their facets still preserved at even higher temperatures. We observed the same behavior in all the nanocages under thermal stress: hole enlargement and atom migration toward the edges to create nanoframes. This transformation could be rationalized by the thermodynamic driving force to minimize surface free energy. The octahedral nanocages were found to be more stable by 50 °C than the icosahedral nanocages, suggesting that the thermal stability of such catalysts can be potentially optimized to extend their usage toward different applications at elevated temperatures.
Mixing Times of Critical Two‐Dimensional Potts Models
Authors: Gheissari Reza , Lubetzky Eyal
Published: October 2017

We study dynamical aspects of the q‐state Potts model on an n × n box at its critical βc(q). Heat‐bath Glauber dynamics and cluster dynamics such as Swendsen–Wang (that circumvent low‐temperature bottlenecks) are all expected to undergo “critical slowdowns” in the presence of periodic boundary conditions: the inverse spectral gap, which in the subcritical regime is O(1), should at criticality be polynomial in n for 1 < q ≤ 4, and exponential in n for q > 4 in accordance with the predicted discontinuous phase transition. This was confirmed for q = 2 (the Ising model) by the second author and Sly, and for sufficiently large q by Borgs et al.

Here we show that the following holds for the critical Potts model on the torus: for q=3, the inverse gap of Glauber dynamics is nO(1); for q = 4, it is at most nO(log n); and for every q > 4 in the phase‐coexistence regime, the inverse gaps of both Glauber dynamics and Swendsen‐Wang dynamics are exponential in n.

For free or monochromatic boundary conditions and large q, we show that the dynamics at criticality is faster than on the torus (unlike the Ising model where free/periodic boundary conditions induce similar dynamical behavior at all temperatures): the inverse gap of Swendsen‐Wang dynamics is exp(no(1)). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Operationalizing Stakeholder Engagement in CSR: A Process Approach
Authors: Lane Anne Bridget , Devin Bree
Published: October 2017

Stakeholder engagement is an important aspect of an organization's corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, but little theorizing informs its implementation. In this paper, the authors relate data from stakeholder engagement activities undertaken by nine Australian organizations as part of their CSR efforts, to an existing process model of engagement. The original framework is extended and enhanced into a process model of the operationalization of stakeholder engagement. Practically, this research identifies the steps within the operationalization of stakeholder engagement, allowing engagement practitioners to track the progress of their work, and to identify and respond to any impediments. Theoretically, the proposed process model approach presents a new perspective on operationalizing stakeholder engagement. The revised model of stakeholder engagement therefore provides a lens that gives deeper insights into how engagement is carried out; as well as a practical framework through which this implementation can be understood and managed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Corporate Social Responsibility Excites ‘Exponential’ Positive Employee Engagement: The Matthew Effect in CSR and Sustainable Policy
Authors: Zhou Zucheng , Luo Ben Nanfeng , Tang Thomas Li‐Ping
Published: October 2017

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) captures an organization's commitment to and engagement with multiple stakeholders; integrates economic, social, and environmental concerns into sustainable policies; and enhances employee perceptions, emotions, long‐term value creation, and financial success. Most researchers have reported linear relationships between CSR and employee attitudes. Here, we test a new theory: After surpassing an upper bar, employee‐perceived CSR exponentially stimulates their organizational pride. Organizational pride has a positive and linear direct impact on job satisfaction and affective commitment, respectively. Perceived CSR exponentially excites job satisfaction and affective commitment indirectly through organizational pride. Data collected from 296 managers and employees in 12 diverse companies in China support our theory. Policymakers must develop a sustainable policy, nourish a conducive environment, and pursue CSR as a competitive advantage because at a high level, perceived CSR exponentially reaps intangible rewards, creating the positive Matthew Effect in CSR and sustainable policy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Selective Cooperation with Liquids for Environmentally Friendly and Comprehensive Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Parbat Dibyangana , Manna Uttam
Published: October 2017

A hydrophobic 3 D material having smart relationship with oil under water (having both water affinity and water repellency in absence and presence of oil), is developed here using a scalable and facile 1,4‐conjugate addition reaction between acrylate and amine groups at ambient conditions without using any catalyst. The material that was soaked with water in air is capable of absorbing both heavy and light oils with an efficiency above 1000 wt %, and the impregnated metastable aqueous phase was spontaneously and selectively ejected out from the material. This unprecedented super‐oil‐absorbance property remained intact in diverse scenarios, including extremes of temperature (100 and 10 °C), pressure (184.7 mbar), and prolonged (7 days) exposures to extremes of pH (1 and 12), surfactants‐contaminated (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide/sodium dodecyl sulfate, DTAB/SDS, 1 mm) water, artificial sea water, etc. Furthermore, this super‐oil‐absorbent having outstanding durability was exploited also in demonstrations of comprehensive and facile clean‐up of oil from various forms of oil–water mixtures (i.e., floating light‐oil, sediment heavy‐oil, oil‐in‐water emulsions, etc.) in extremes and complex settings that are relevant to practical scenarios including marine oil spills, following ecofriendly and energy‐efficient selective‐absorption/active‐filtration principles.
An anonymous and robust multi‐server authentication protocol using multiple registration servers
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Islam SK Hafizul , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Biswas G. P. , Hsiao Kuei‐Fang
Published: October 2017

The concept of multi‐server authentication includes multiple numbers of application servers. The registration/control server is the central point in such environment to provide smooth services to a limited number of legitimate users. However, this type of environment is inappropriate to handle unlimited users since the number of users may grow, and thus, the response time may be very high. To eliminate these shortcomings, we have modified the existing multi‐server authentication architecture and then designed a new scheme by including multiregistration server technique that can provide a smooth environment to support unlimited number of users. The main aspect of our design is to provide a secure authentication environment for multi‐server application using password and smartcard so that the participants can securely communicate with each other. The simulation results are obtained by executing our protocol using AVISPA tool. The results provide concrete evidence about the security safety against active and passive attacks. Furthermore, the justification of correctness of the freshness of the session key negotiation and the mutual authentication between the participants has done been evaluated with the BAN logic model. The comprehensive comparative analysis justifies our argument that our protocol has better applicability in multi‐server environments compared to other protocols with similar nature.
Analysis for higenamine in urine by means of ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Interpretation of results
Authors: Grucza Krzysztof , Kwiatkowska Dorota , Kowalczyk Katarzyna , Wicka Mariola , Szutowski Mirosław , Chołbiński Piotr
Published: October 2017

Higenamine (Norcoclaurine) is a very popular substance in Chinese medicine and is present in many plants. The substance may be also found in supplements or nutrients, consumption of which may result in violation of anti‐doping rules. Higenamine is prohibited in sport at all times and included in Class S3 (β‐2‐agonists) of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) 2017 Prohibited List. The presence of higenamine in urine samples at concentrations greater than or equal to 10 ng/mL constitutes an adverse analytical finding (AAF). This work presents a new metabolite of higenamine in urine sample which was identified by means of ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Samples were prepared according to 2 protocols – a Dilute and Shoot (DaS) approach and a method involving acid hydrolysis and double liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE). To meet the requirements typical for a confirmatory analysis, the screening procedure was further developed. In samples prepared by the DaS method, 2 peaks were observed; the earlier one was specific for higenamine and the later one unknown. MS scan analysis showed mass about 80 Da higher than that of higenamine. In turn, in samples prepared in accordance with the protocol involving hydrolysis, an increase in the area under peak for higenamine was observed, while the second peak was absent. It seems that the described strategy of detection of higenamine in urine avoids false negative results.