bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent-Led Stepped Care Trauma Treatment: Parents’ Experiences With Helping Their Child Recover
Authors: Fagermoen Else Merete , Jensen Tine K. , Martinsen Marianne , Ormhaug Silje M.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

There is a need for interventions for traumatized children that are easily accessible and effective, and that involve parents directly in the recovery process. To meet this challenge, stepped care trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatment (SC TF-CBT), which consists of a parent-led therapist-assisted intervention as the first step, was developed. Parent-led trauma-treatment is a promising, but novel approach. The aim of this study was therefore to gain knowledge on how parents experience the model.

Methods

Parents who participated in a SC TF-CBT feasibility study were consecutively recruited and interviewed with semi-structured interviews, which were then analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

The parents described that the intervention gave them insights that led to a sense of parental agency. Through the analysis we identified and labelled four themes: (i) understanding my child: how the trauma has affected my child and our relationship; (ii) understanding myself: how my reactions have stood in the way of helping my child; (iii) gaining competence: how to learn specific tasks that were not part of my normal parenting skills; and (iv) receiving support: how guidance, warmth and encouragement was necessary.

Conclusions

The results from this study show how the shifting of therapeutic tasks to parents may facilitate parental empowerment and improve the parent-child relationship. This knowledge may guide clinicians on how to provide support to parents so they can take a leading role in their child’s recovery process after trauma.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04073862. Retrospectively registered 03 June 2019 (first patient recruited May 2019), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04073862.
Screen-Printable Functional Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Single-Enzyme-Based Energy-Harvesting and Self-Powered Biosensing Devices
Authors: Veenuttranon Kornautchaya , Kaewpradub Kanyawee , Jeerapan Itthipon
Published: March 2023

Developing flexible bioelectronics is essential to the realization of artificial intelligence devices and biomedical applications, such as wearables, but their potential is limited by sustainable energy supply. An enzymatic biofuel cell (BFC) is promising for power supply, but its use is limited by the challenges of incorporating multiple enzymes and rigid platforms. This paper shows the first example of screen-printable nanocomposite inks engineered for a single-enzyme-based energy-harvesting device and a self-powered biosensor driven by glucose on bioanode and biocathode. The anode ink is modified with naphthoquinone and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), whereas the cathode ink is modified with Prussian blue/MWCNT hybrid before immobilizing with glucose oxidase. The flexible bioanode and the biocathode consume glucose. This BFC yields an open circuit voltage of 0.45 V and a maximum power density of 266 μW cm−2. The wearable device coupled with a wireless portable system can convert chemical energy into electric energy and detect glucose in artificial sweat. The self-powered sensor can detect glucose concentrations up to 10 mM. Common interfering substances, including lactate, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and creatinine, have no effect on this self-powered biosensor. Additionally, the device can endure multiple mechanical deformations. New advances in ink development and flexible platforms enable a wide range of applications, including on-body electronics, self-sustainable applications, and smart fabrics.

Graphic Abstract
Support-free laser-based powder bed fusion of metals using pulsed exposure strategies
Authors: Grünewald Jonas , Reinelt Jonas , Sedlak Holger , Wudy Katrin
Published: March 2023

Several studies demonstrate the potential of pulsed exposure strategies for improving spatial accuracy, surface quality, and manufacturability of low-angle overhangs in laser-based powder bed fusion of metals. In this paper, those fundamental potentials are transferred to the support-free manufacturing of heat exchanger structures with partial horizontal overhangs made of Ti6Al4V. The pulsed exposure with pulse repetition rates of 20 kHz and pulse duration of 25 µs enabled the support-free manufacturing of these complex structures with densities of more than 99%. A comparison of the Archimedean density determination with optical density determination using micrographs indicate permeability of the specimens below an applied volume energy density of 30 J/mm3 due to open porosity. Furthermore, the pulsed manufactured structures show an improved flow behavior within the heat exchanger compared to specimens manufactured with continuous exposure strategies.
Using pre-fracture mobility to augment prediction of post-operative outcomes in hip fracture
Authors: Stubbs Thomas A. , Doherty William J. , Chaplin Andrew , Langford Sarah , Reed Mike R. , Sayer Avan A. , Witham Miles D. , Sorial Antony K.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Pre-operative scores based on patient characteristics are commonly used to predict hip fracture outcomes. Mobility, an indicator of pre-operative function, has been neglected as a potential predictor. We assessed the ability of pre-fracture mobility to predict post-operative outcomes following hip fracture.

Methods

We analysed prospectively collected data from hip fracture surgery patients at a large-volume trauma unit. Mobility was classified into four groups. Post-operative outcomes studied were mortality and residence at 30 days, medical complications within 30- or 60-days post-operatively, and prolonged length of stay (LOS, ≥ 28 days). We performed multivariate regression analyses adjusting for age and sex to assess the discriminative ability of the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS), with and without mobility, for predicting outcomes using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results

1919 patients were included, mean age 82.6 (SD 8.2); 1357 (70.7%) were women. Multivariate analysis demonstrated patients with worse mobility had a 1.7–5.5-fold higher 30-day mortality (p ≤ 0.001), and 1.9–3.2-fold higher likelihood of prolonged LOS (p ≤ 0.001). Worse mobility was associated with a 2.3–3.8-fold higher likelihood of living in a care home at 30-days post-operatively (p < 0.001) and a 1.3–2.0-fold higher likelihood of complications within 30 days (p ≤ 0.001). Addition of mobility improved NHFS discrimination for discharge location, AUROC NHFS 0.755 [0.733–0.777] to NHFS + mobility 0.808 [0.789–0.828], and LOS, AUROC NHFS 0.584 [0.557–0.611] to NHFS + mobility 0.616 [0.590–0.643].

Conclusion

Incorporating mobility assessment into risk scores may improve casemix adjustment, prognostication following hip fracture, and identify high-risk patient groups requiring enhanced post-operative care at admission.
Challenges and recommendations to improve institutional review boards’ review of community-engaged research proposals: A scoping review
Authors: Onakomaiya Deborah , Pan Janet , Roberts Timothy , Tan Holly , Nadkarni Smiti , Godina Marina , Park Jo , Fraser Marilyn , Kwon Simona C. , Schoenthaler Antoinette , Islam Nadia
Published: March 2023

Academic and community investigators conducting community-engaged research (CEnR) are often met with challenges when seeking Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. This scoping review aims to identify challenges and recommendations for CEnR investigators and community partners working with IRBs. Peer-reviewed articles that reported on CEnR, specified study-related challenges, and lessons learned for working with IRBs and conducted in the United States were included for review. Fifteen studies met the criteria and were extracted for this review. Four challenges identified (1) Community partners not being recognized as research partners (2) Cultural competence, language of consent forms, and literacy level of partners; (3) IRBs apply formulaic approaches to CEnR; & (4) Extensive delays in IRB preparation and approval potentially stifle the relationships with community partners. Recommendations included (1) Training IRBs to understand CEnR principles to streamline and increase the flexibility of the IRB review process; (2) Identifying influential community stakeholders who can provide support for the study; and (3) Disseminating human subjects research training that is accessible to all community investigator to satisfy IRB concerns. Findings from our study suggest that IRBs can benefit from more training in CEnR requirements and methodologies
Similarity for dissipation-scaled wall turbulence
Authors: Tang S.L. , Antonia R.A.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we put forward a hypothesis for turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds stresses and scalar variance in wall-bounded turbulent flows, whereby these quantities, when normalized with the kinematic viscosity, mean turbulent energy dissipation rate and scalar dissipation rate, are independent of the Reynolds and Péclet numbers when they are sufficiently large. In particular, there exist two scaling ranges: (i) an inertial-convective range at sufficiently large distance from the wall over which a

$2/3$

power-law scaling emerges for all quantities mentioned above; (ii) a viscous-convective range between the viscous-diffusive and inertial-convective ranges at large Prandtl number over which the normalized scalar variance is constant. The relatively large amount of available wall turbulence data either provides reasonably good support for this hypothesis or at least exhibits a trend that is consistent with the predictions of this hypothesis. The relationship between the proposed scaling and the traditional wall scaling is discussed. Possible ultimate statistical states of wall turbulence are also proposed.
The relationship between attachment and posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Cushing Toby , Robertson Sarah , Mannes Julia , Marshall Nicole , Carey Mark James , Duschinsky Robbie , Meiser-Stedman Richard
Published: March 2023

The relationship between attachment and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) has been researched extensively within adult samples, with findings consistently demonstrating a relationship between insecure attachment and increased PTSS, and between secure attachment and decreased PTSS. To a lesser extent, such relationships have also been explored within child and adolescent samples. The evidence to date is equivocal and there have been no attempts to synthesize studies. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a quantitative synthesis of studies reporting a relationship between attachment orientation (on both developmental and social psychological measures) and PTSS within children and adolescents. A random effects model was used to pool 30 studies (N = 10,431) reporting exposure to a range of traumatic events including maltreatment and war trauma. Results demonstrate a negative correlation between secure attachment and PTSS (r = −.16) and a positive correlation between insecure attachment (r = .20), avoidant attachment (r = .20), anxious attachment (r = .32), and disorganized attachment (r = .17) and PTSS. These findings indicate a small but significant relationship between attachment and PTSS in children and adolescents. Exposure to maltreatment did not moderate the relationship between secure attachment and PTSS, though strengthened the relationship between insecure attachment and PTSS.
Mesoscale Variability Linked to Interannual Displacement of Gulf Stream
Authors: Guo Yiming , Bishop Stuart , Bryan Frank , Bachman Scott
Published: March 2023

The impacts of interannual oscillations of the Gulf Stream (GS) on oceanic mesoscale variability are investigated using satellite observations of sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) from 1993 to 2018. We show that variations in GS position, strength, and meandering status are the dominant spatiotemporal modes in regional SSH variability as they explain over 50% of the total variance. In particular, meridional shift of the GS associated with the large‐scale wind variation over the North Atlantic contributes to approximately 30% of SSH variability. We further find that this path displacement mode can drive approximately 15% of regional mesoscale variability in eddy kinetic energy and divergent eddy heat flux. This observational‐based evidence of ocean mesoscale response to GS shift infers a potentially important forcing mechanism that could drive eddy‐scale ocean variability and has far‐reaching implications for regional ocean and ecosystem dynamics in response to climate variation.
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells in human fetal bone marrow by single-cell transcriptomic and functional analysis
Authors: Zhang Ping , Dong Ji , Fan Xiaoying , Yong Jun , Yang Ming , Liu Yunsong , Zhang Xiao , Lv Longwei , Wen Lu , Qiao Jie , Tang Fuchou , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: March 2023

Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population that can self-renew and generate stroma, cartilage, fat, and bone. Although a significant progress has been made toward recognizing about the phenotypic characteristics of MSCs, the true identity and properties of MSCs in bone marrow remain unclear. Here, we report the expression landscape of human fetal BM nucleated cells (BMNCs) based on the single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Unexpectedly, while the common cell surface markers such as CD146, CD271, and PDGFRa used for isolating MSCs were not detected, LIFR+PDGFRB+ were identified to be specific markers of MSCs as the early progenitors. In vivo transplantation demonstrated that LIFR+PDGFRB+CD45-CD31-CD235a- MSCs could form bone tissues and reconstitute the hematopoietic microenvironment (HME) effectively in vivo. Interestingly, we also identified a subpopulation of bone unipotent progenitor expressing TM4SF1+CD44+CD73+CD45-CD31-CD235a-, which had osteogenic potentials, but could not reconstitute HME. MSCs expressed a set of different transcription factors at the different stages of human fetal bone marrow, indicating that the stemness properties of MSCs might change during development. Moreover, transcriptional characteristics of cultured MSCs were significantly changed compared with freshly isolated primary MSCs. Our cellular profiling provides a general landscape of heterogeneity, development, hierarchy, microenvironment of the human fetal BM-derived stem cells at single-cell resolution.
Inhibition of TRADD ameliorates chondrocyte necroptosis and osteoarthritis by blocking RIPK1-TAK1 pathway and restoring autophagy
Authors: Sun Kai , Guo Zhou , Zhang Jinming , Hou Liangcai , Liang Shuang , Lu Fan , Wang Genchun , Xu Jingting , Zhang Xiong , Guo Fengjing , Zhu Wentao
Published: March 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disease characterized by cartilage degeneration. TNFR1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) is a key upstream molecule of TNF-α signals but its role in OA pathogenesis is unknown. This study aimed to verify that whether inhibition of TRADD could protect against chondrocyte necroptosis and OA, and further elucidate the underlying mechanism. We demonstrated that TNF-α-related OA-like phenotypes including inflammation response, extracellular matrix degradation, apoptosis, and necroptosis in chondrocytes were inhibited by TRADD deficiency. Furthermore, TRADD interacted with TRAF2 and knockdown of TRADD suppressed the activation of RIPK1-TAK1-NF-κB signals and restored impaired autophagy. ICCB-19, the selective inhibitor of TRADD, also attenuated necroptosis in chondrocytes. Mechanismly, ICCB-19 blocked the phosphorylation of TAK1-NF-κB signals and restored impaired autophagy, whereas inhibiting autophagic process with 3-Methyladenine compromised these effects of ICCB-19. The in vivo study showed that the intra-articular injection of ICCB-19 rescued the expression of collagen alpha-1(II) chain and LC3, and mitigated the cartilage degeneration of OA mice. This study demonstrates that TRADD mediates TNF-α-induced necroptosis and OA-like phenotypes of chondrocytes and suggests that ICCB-19 suppresses chondrocyte damage and cartilage degeneration by inhibiting TNF-α-TRADD-mediated signals and dysregulation of autophagy in chondrocytes. ICCB-19 may serve as an important option for OA therapy.
Gyroid-structured nanoporous chitosan from block copolymer template for UVC reflection
Authors: Lin Tze-Chung , Yang Chih-Ying , Lee Tsung-Lun , Lin Jheng-Wei , Liang Yu-Ting , Xie Yi-Ting , Xie Zhi-Hong , Hung Yu-Chueh , Ho Rong-Ming
Published: March 2023

Bioinspired from structural coloration of butterfly wing structure, this work aims to fabricate nanoporous chitosan for UVC reflection. By taking advantage of self-assembled polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) with double gyroid texture followed by hydrofluoric acid etching of PDMS block, nanoporous PS with well-defined nanochannels can be fabricated, and used as a template for templated crosslinking reaction of chitosan through a multiple pore-filling process. Well-ordered nanoporous chitosan with shifting networks in nanoscale can be successfully fabricated after removal of the PS template. With the low absorption of chitosan in the ultraviolet region and the shifting networks for opening the bandgap, it is appealing to exploit the nanonetwork chitosan as high reflective materials for UVC optical devices, as evidenced by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and optical measurements experimentally.
Super-assembled compressible carbon frameworks featuring enriched heteroatom defect sites for flexible Zn–air batteries
Authors: Pang Huaipeng , Wang Meng , Sun Peipei , Zhang Wenshuai , Wang Dan , Zhang Runhao , Qiao Li , Wang Weijie , Gao Meng , Li Yong , Chen Jiang , Liang Kang , Kong Biao
Published: March 2023

Flexible Zn–air batteries (FZABs) exhibit low cost and inherent safety and have potential for application in wearable electronic devices. Nevertheless, balancing the high energy density and flexibility of the self-supported electrodes in FZABs is still a challenge. Herein, we develop a novel superassembly strategy for the preparation of N, S-codoped porous carbon frameworks (NS@CFs) as cathodes in FZABs. Benefiting from the abundant heteroatom defect sites, NS@CF exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), including high electrochemical activity and long-term stability. When used as the cathode in a liquid flowing ZAB, NS@CF exhibited a power density of 221 mW cm−2 and achieved a 60% improvement over Pt/C-based ZABs. This new ZAB exhibited a high specific capacity of 792 mA h gZn−1, excellent long-term durability and cycling stability, which is superior to those of ZABs assembled with commercial Pt/C cathodes. In addition, the flexible NS@CF with directional channels can be used as independent air cathodes for FZABs, where it provides small charge/discharge voltage gaps, a power density of 49 mW cm−2 and outstanding cycling stability. This work provides a novel strategy for designing and fabricating highly efficient integrated electrodes for flexible and wearable electrochemical devices.
Hierarchically engineered nanochannel systems with pore-in/on-pore structures
Authors: Li Minmin , Cao Yuchen , Xiong Yuting , Qing Guangyan
Published: March 2023

Biological ion channels featuring asymmetries in structure, composition, and charge distribution have superior controllable ion transport properties, such as ion selectivity, ion gating, and ion rectification, by which life executes diverse activities, including signal transduction, cell motility, and mass and energy transfer. Inspired by this, researchers have never stopped pursuing artificial ion channels that can achieve comparable functions. Despite successful explorations in many fields, current homogeneous nanochannels, however, have not yet offered sufficient rewards comparable to those of their natural counterparts. However, hierarchically engineered heterogeneous nanochannels have gradually come onto the stage because of their excellent ion selectivity, permeability, and rectification properties and thus have been shining brilliantly in fields such as selective ion transport, energy conversion, biomolecular separation, and detection. In this article, we briefly review the recent advances of hierarchically engineered nanochannel systems in terms of pore-on-pore and pore-in-pore structures, with an emphasis on promising applications, including ion-selective transport, osmotic energy harvesting, separation, and biosensing. Finally, current challenges and conceivable solutions are also discussed to advance the design and applications of hierarchical nanochannel systems.
Molecular mechanism on forcible ejection of ATPase inhibitory factor 1 from mitochondrial ATP synthase
Authors: Kobayashi Ryohei , Ueno Hiroshi , Okazaki Kei-ichi , Noji Hiroyuki
Published: March 2023

IF1 is a natural inhibitor protein for mitochondrial FoF1 ATP synthase that blocks catalysis and rotation of the F1 by deeply inserting its N-terminal helices into F1. A unique feature of IF1 is condition-dependent inhibition; although IF1 inhibits ATP hydrolysis by F1, IF1 inhibition is relieved under ATP synthesis conditions. To elucidate this condition-dependent inhibition mechanism, we have performed single-molecule manipulation experiments on IF1-inhibited bovine mitochondrial F1 (bMF1). The results show that IF1-inhibited F1 is efficiently activated only when F1 is rotated in the clockwise (ATP synthesis) direction, but not in the counterclockwise direction. The observed rotational-direction-dependent activation explains the condition-dependent mechanism of IF1 inhibition. Investigation of mutant IF1 with N-terminal truncations shows that the interaction with the γ subunit at the N-terminal regions is crucial for rotational-direction-dependent ejection, and the middle long helix is responsible for the inhibition of F1.
Inhibitor-3 inhibits Protein Phosphatase 1 via a metal binding dynamic protein–protein interaction
Authors: Srivastava Gautam , Choy Meng S. , Bolik-Coulon Nicolas , Page Rebecca , Peti Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

To achieve substrate specificity, protein phosphate 1 (PP1) forms holoenzymes with hundreds of regulatory and inhibitory proteins. Inhibitor-3 (I3) is an ancient inhibitor of PP1 with putative roles in PP1 maturation and the regulation of PP1 activity. Here, we show that I3 residues 27–68 are necessary and sufficient for PP1 binding and inhibition. In addition to a canonical RVxF motif, which is shared by nearly all PP1 regulators and inhibitors, and a non-canonical SILK motif, I3 also binds PP1 via multiple basic residues that bind directly in the PP1 acidic substrate binding groove, an interaction that provides a blueprint for how substrates bind this groove for dephosphorylation. Unexpectedly, this interaction positions a CCC (cys-cys-cys) motif to bind directly across the PP1 active site. Using biophysical and inhibition assays, we show that the I3 CCC motif binds and inhibits PP1 in an unexpected dynamic, fuzzy manner, via transient engagement of the PP1 active site metals. Together, these data not only provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms by which IDP protein regulators of PP1 achieve inhibition, but also shows that fuzzy interactions between IDPs and their folded binding partners, in addition to enhancing binding affinity, can also directly regulate enzyme activity.
All-fibre phase filters with 1-GHz resolution for high-speed passive optical logic processing
Authors: Kaushal Saket , Aadhi A. , Roberge Anthony , Morandotti Roberto , Kashyap Raman , Azaña José
Published: March 2023

Photonic-based implementation of advanced computing tasks is a potential alternative to mitigate the bandwidth limitations of electronics. Despite the inherent advantage of a large bandwidth, photonic systems are generally bulky and power-hungry. In this respect, all-pass spectral phase filters enable simultaneous ultrahigh speed operation and minimal power consumption for a wide range of signal processing functionalities. Yet, phase filters offering GHz to sub-GHz frequency resolution in practical, integrated platforms have remained elusive. We report a fibre Bragg grating-based phase filter with a record frequency resolution of 1 GHz, at least 10× improvement compared to a conventional optical waveshaper. The all-fibre phase filter is employed to experimentally realize high-speed fully passive NOT and XNOR logic operations. We demonstrate inversion of a 45-Gbps 127-bit random sequence with an energy consumption of ~34 fJ/bit, and XNOR logic at a bit rate of 10.25 Gbps consuming ~425 fJ/bit. The scalable implementation of phase filters provides a promising path towards widespread deployment of compact, low-energy-consuming signal processors.
Identification and characterization of novel ETV4 splice variants in prostate cancer
Authors: Cosi Irene , Moccia Annalisa , Pescucci Chiara , Munagala Uday , Di Giorgio Salvatore , Sineo Irene , Conticello Silvestro G. , Notaro Rosario , De Angioletti Maria
Published: March 2023

ETV4, one of ETS proteins overexpressed in prostate cancer, promotes migration, invasion, and proliferation in prostate cells. This study identifies a series of previously unknown ETV4 alternatively spliced transcripts in human prostate cell lines. Their expression has been validated using several unbiased techniques, including Nanopore sequencing. Most of these transcripts originate from an in-frame exon skipping and, thus, are expected to be translated into ETV4 protein isoforms. Functional analysis of the most abundant among these isoforms shows that they still bear an activity, namely a reduced ability to promote proliferation and a residual ability to regulate the transcription of ETV4 target genes. Alternatively spliced genes are common in cancer cells: an analysis of the TCGA dataset confirms the abundance of these novel ETV4 transcripts in prostate tumors, in contrast to peritumoral tissues. Since none of their translated isoforms have acquired a higher oncogenic potential, such abundance is likely to reflect the tumor deranged splicing machinery. However, it is also possible that their interaction with the canonical variants may contribute to the biology and the clinics of prostate cancer. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the biological role of these ETV4 transcripts and of their putative isoforms.
Determinants of people’s motivations to approach COVID-19 vaccination centers
Authors: Keser Claudia , Rau Holger A.
Published: March 2023

This paper presents the results of a survey exploring the determinants of vacinees’ confidence in COVID-19 vaccines and their motivations to become vaccinated. At the threatening rise of the highly infectious Omicron variant, in December 2021, we interviewed people in waiting lines of vaccination centers. Our results identify risk-averse and social-distancing-compliant people as showing high confidence in the vaccine, which motivates them to receive it for reasons of protecting themselves and others. By contrast, policy incentives, such as “3G/2G” restrictions, motivate risk-tolerant people who opted for vaccination to get access to public areas. Trusting people who regularly vote are little afraid of vaccines’ side effects. Our findings offer insights for policymakers in societies and firms that help to tailor policies promoting vaccination based on people’s economic preferences.
Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlates with PD-L1 expression in immune cells of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and predicts prognosis
Authors: Okita Riki , Kawamoto Nobutaka , Okada Masanori , Inokawa Hidetoshi , Yamamoto Naoki , Murakami Tomoyuki , Ikeda Eiji
Published: March 2023

We assessed the prognostic value of five complex inflammatory and nutritional parameters, namely neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), C-reactive protein-to-NLR ratio (C/NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) using data from patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) undergoing extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP). Moreover, the correlation between these five parameters and programmed cell death protein 1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in the tumor microenvironment was evaluated. This study included consecutive MPM patients who underwent EPP. The histological subtype of the eligible patients (n = 61) correlated with all five parameters. Moreover, the PD-L1 expression scores for immune cells correlated with NLR and PLR, and the PD-L1 expression scores for both tumor cells and immune cells were inversely correlated with both PNI and LMR. Univariate analysis elucidated that NLR, PNI, and C/NLR were predictors of 5-year overall survival (OS), and multivariate analysis revealed that NLR was an independent predictor of 5-year OS, suggesting that NLR is a preoperative, prognostic factor for patients with MPM who are scheduled for EPP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the prognostic potentials of NLR, PNI, C/NLR, PLR, and LMR simultaneously in patients with MPM who underwent EPP.
Mechanical, microstructural and fracture studies on inconel 825–SS316L functionally graded wall fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Senthil T. S. , Babu S. Ramesh , Puviyarasan M.
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a novel method that uses the cold metal transfer based wire arc additive manufacturing process to fabricate functionally graded Inconel 825–SS316L walls. The optical micrograph of Inconel 825 exhibits continuous and discontinuous dendritic structures. The SS316L region comprises 5% of δ-ferrite in primary austenitic (γ) dendrites which was confirmed by the Creq/Nieq ratio of 1.305. The functionally graded interface reveals a partially mixed zone with a transition from the elongated dendrites to fine equiaxed dendrites. The tensile properties of the fabricated wall were determined at room temperature using specimens extracted from Inconel 825, SS316L, and the interface regions. The morphology of the tensile tested specimens revealed significant plastic deformation, indicating ductile failure. The fracture toughness of the wall was experimentally investigated by employing the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) test. The fracture morphology exhibited a ductile mode of fracture with striations perpendicular to the direction of crack development. Elemental mapping revealed that there was no evidence of elemental segregation on the fractured surfaces, and the elements were uniformly dispersed. The CTOD measures 0.853 mm, 0.873 mm on the Inconel 825 side and the SS316L side respectively. The test results confirm that both the Inconel 825 and SS316L sides have good fracture toughness.
Spherical alveolar shapes in live mouse lungs
Authors: Kim Min Woo , Weon Byung Mook , Je Jung Ho
Published: March 2023

Understanding how the alveolar mechanics work in live lungs is essential for comprehending how the lung behaves during breathing. Due to the lack of appropriate imaging tools, previous research has suggested that alveolar morphologies are polyhedral rather than spherical based on a 2D examination of alveoli in fixed lungs. Here, we directly observe high-resolution 3D alveoli in live mice lungs utilizing synchrotron x-ray microtomography to show spherical alveolar morphologies from the live lungs. Our measurements from x-ray microtomography show high sphericity, low packing density, big alveolar size, and low osmotic pressure, indicating that spherical alveolar morphologies are natural in living lungs. The alveolar packing fraction is quite low in live lungs, where the spherical alveoli would behave like free bubbles, while the confinement of alveolar clusters in fixed lungs would lead to significant morphological deformations of the alveoli appearing polyhedral. Direct observations of the spherical alveolar shapes will help understand and treat lung disease and ventilation.
Elevated number and density of macrophage-like cell as a novel inflammation biomarker in diabetic macular edema
Authors: Wang Zongyi , An Haiyan , Tang Jiyang , Jin Enzhong , Li Siying , Zhang Linqi , Huang Lvzhen , Qu Jinfeng
Published: March 2023

To quantitatively analyze the number and density of macrophage-like cells (MLCs) at the vitreoretinal interface at macular region in diabetic retinopathy (DR) with and without diabetic macular edema (DME). This cross-sectional study involved 240 eyes of 146 treatment-naïve DR patients, including 151 eyes with DME. The number and density of MLCs were analyzed quantitatively using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and were compared between DME and non-DME eyes as well as proliferative DR (PDR) and non-PDR (NPDR) eyes. Correlation between MLCs density and vessel density of macular superficial capillary plexus (SCP) at macular region was evaluated. The number and density of macular MLCs were both elevated in DME group compared to non-DME group (all p < 0.001). The morphology of MLCs in DME eyes appeared larger and fuller. NPDR eyes had higher number and density of MLCs (p = 0.027 and 0.026), greater central macular thickness (CMT) (p = 0.002) and vessel density than PDR eyes in non-DME group but comparable to PDR eyes in DME group. The number and density of MLCs at macular region were significantly higher with larger and fuller morphology in DR patients with DME than those without DME. PDR eyes had fewer MLCs than NPDR eyes for DR eyes without DME.
Experimental observation of the effect of immunotherapy on CD4+ T cells and Th1/Th2 cytokines in mice with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Zhu Yu , Yu Juan , Zhu XinHua , Yuan JiaSheng , Dai MeiNa , Bao YouWei , Jiang YinLi
Published: March 2023

The present study aims to investigate the effect of immunotherapy in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR) and to explore the possible molecular mechanisms of action. An animal model of AR was established by sensitization and challenge of BALB/c mice with house dust mite (HDM) extract. The mice were injected subcutaneously with HDM for immunotherapy. AR nasal symptoms were evaluated according to the frequencies of nose rubbing and sneezing and the degree of rhinorrhea. The nasal mucosa and lung tissue architecture and inflammatory status by histological analysis; the infiltration of eosinophils in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) of mice was observed by Diff-Quik stain; ELISA-based quantification of serum HDM-specific IgE and TH1/TH2 cytokine concentration; and flow cytometry detected the number of serum CD4+/CD8+ cells to evaluate the mechanism of immunotherapy. It was found that after immunotherapy, the AR symptom score was reduced, the number of eosinophils in NALF was reduced, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue damage in the nasal mucosa and lung tissue were alleviated. Immunotherapy can increase the number of CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood, increase the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells, increase the expression of Th1 cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-γ, reduce the expression of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5. The results showed that repeated intraperitoneal injection of crude extract of HDM for sensitization, followed by nasal drops can effectively construct a mouse model of AR, and subcutaneous injection of immunotherapy in mice can reduce allergic inflammation in model mice and improve the inflammatory infiltration of the nasal cavity in allergic rhinitis. Immunotherapy can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in AR, improve Th1/Th2 balance, and may play a role in the treatment of AR by improving the function of immune cells.
Changes in failure to rescue after gastrectomy at a large-volume center with a 16-year experience in Korea
Authors: Park Sung Hyun , Kim Ki-Yoon , Cho Minah , Kim Yoo Min , Hyung Woo Jin , Kim Hyoung-Il
Published: March 2023

Failure to rescue (FTR), the mortality rate among patients with complications, is gaining attention as a hospital quality indicator. However, comprehensive investigation into FTR has rarely been conducted after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer patients. This study aimed to assess FTR after radical gastrectomy and investigate the associations between FTR and clinicopathologic factors, operative features, and complication types. From 2006 to 2021, 16,851 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence and risk factors were analyzed for complications, mortality, and FTR. Seventy-six patients had postoperative mortality among 15,984 patients after exclusion. The overall morbidity rate was 10.49% (1676/15,984 = 10.49%), and the FTR rate was 4.53% (76/1676). Risk factor analysis revealed that older age (reference: < 60; vs. 60–79, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–3.79, P = 0.019; vs. ≥ 80, OR 3.74, 95% CI 1.57–8.91, P = 0.003), high ASA score (vs. 1 or 2, OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.59–4.91, P < 0.001), and serosa exposure in pathologic T stage (vs. T1, OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.51–4.97, P < 0.001) were associated with FTR. Moreover, patients who underwent gastrectomy during 2016–2021 were less likely to die when complications occurred than patients who received the surgery in 2006–2010 (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18–0.68, P = 0.002). This investigation of FTR after gastrectomy demonstrated that the risk factors for FTR were old age, high ASA score, serosa exposure, and operation period. FTR varied according to the complication types and the period, even in the same institution.
The protease calpain2a limits innate immunity by targeting TRAF6 in teleost fish
Authors: Chen Yang , Wang Pengfei , Li Qi , Yan Xiaolong , Xu Tianjun
Published: March 2023

TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays a key signal transduction role in both antibacterial and antiviral signaling pathways. However, the regulatory mechanisms of TRAF6 in lower vertebrates are less reported. In this study, we identify calpain2a, is a member of the calcium-dependent proteases family with unique hydrolytic enzyme activity, functions as a key regulator for antibacterial and antiviral immunity in teleost fish. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, knockdown of calpain2a promotes the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, calpain2a interacts with TRAF6 and reduces the protein level of TRAF6 by hydrolyzing. After loss of enzymatic activity, mutant calpain2a competitively inhibits dimer formation and auto-ubiquitination of TRAF6. Knockdown of calpain2a also promotes cellular antiviral response. Mutant calpain2a lacking hydrolase activity represses ubiquitination of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 3/7 from TRAF6. Taken together, these findings classify calpain2a is a negative regulator of innate immune responses by targeting TRAF6 in teleost fish.
Peptides from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) ameliorate acute liver injury in mice induced by carbon tetrachloride via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhang Lei , Yue Hao , Cai Weizhen , Yin Haowen , Tian Yingying , Dong Ping , Wang Jingfeng
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of peptides from Antarctic krill (AKP) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
An implantable ionic therapeutic platform for photodynamic therapy with wireless capacitive power transfer
Authors: Jeong Seol-Ha , Lee Min-Gyu , Kim Chong-Chan , Park Jeehun , Baek Yujin , Park Byung Ik , Doh Junsang , Sun Jeong-Yun
Published: March 2023

In this work, we describe the development of an implantable ionic device that can deliver a spatially targeted light source to tumor tissues in a controllable manner.
Iron-mediated divergent reductive coupling reactions of heteroarenes with alkenes
Authors: Zhang Cong , He Yuhang , An Guanghui
Published: March 2023

Divergent catalytic olefin-based Minisci alkylation and reductive alkylation of heteroarenes with alkenes using Fe(dibm)3 as the catalyst and promoter were developed.
Playing with process conditions to increase the industrial sustainability of poly(lactic acid)-based materials
Authors: De Smit K. , Marien Y. W. , Van Steenberge P. H. M. , D'hooge D. R. , Edeleva M.
Published: March 2023

Polylactic acid (PLA) is an important polymer for the replacement of oil-based polymers in the biomedical field as well as for degradable single use polymeric materials.
Biomimetic pheomelanin to unravel the electronic, molecular and supramolecular structure of the natural product
Authors: Cao Wei , Mao Haochuan , McCallum Naneki C. , Zhou Xuhao , Sun Hao , Sharpe Christopher , Korpanty Joanna , Hu Ziying , Ni Qing Zhe , Burkart Michael D. , Shawkey Matthew D. , Wasielewski Michael R. , Gianneschi Nathan C.
Published: March 2023

A robust route to synthetic pheomelanin gives insight into the electronic, molecular and supramolecular structure of the natural product, further advancing our understanding of this important subfamily of melanin.
State and prospects of photovoltaic module waste generation in China, USA, and selected countries in Europe and South America
Authors: Nieto-Morone M. B. , Alonso-García M. C. , Rosillo F. G. , Santos J. D. , Muñoz-García M. A.
Published: March 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) installation rate is growing globally, therefore (PV) waste mass presents an environmental challenge.
Red-emissive carbon quantum dots enable high efficiency luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Liu Guiju , Zavelani-Rossi Margherita , Han Guangting , Zhao Haiguang , Vomiero Alberto
Published: March 2023

Red-emissive carbon quantum dots with a high quantum yield and large Stokes shift are used in luminescent solar concentrators to obtain a high external optical efficiency of 4.81%.
S–Cu–FC/CuS modified GO carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel for enhanced photocatalytic sterilization through homo-heterojunction interface accelerated charge transfer
Authors: Huang Bo , Guan Wei , Wang Chaofeng , Wu Shuilin , Cui Zhenduo , Zheng Yufeng , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Jiang Hui , Chu Paul K. , Liu Xiangmei
Published: March 2023

In situS–Cu–FC/CuS homo-heterojunctions with NIR photocatalysis can be prepared through a redox reaction. Its photocatalysis can be enhanced by a photothermal hydrogel to eradicate bacteria under 10 min NIR irradiation and promote wound healing.
Group SELFIES: a robust fragment-based molecular string representation
Authors: Cheng Austin H. , Cai Andy , Miret Santiago , Malkomes Gustavo , Phielipp Mariano , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: March 2023

Group SELFIES is a molecular string representation that incorporates tokens which represent substructures while maintaining robustness, which improves the performance of molecular generative models.
High birefringence liquid crystals with a wide temperature range and low melting point for augmented reality displays
Authors: Chen Ran , Zhao Liang , Li Yannanqi , Li Jian , Chen Pei , Chen Xinbing , An Zhongwei
Published: March 2023

Precise molecular tailoring was applied to obtain high performance liquid crystal materials for the broad temperature adaptability of LCoS devices in AR displays.
Photodegradation of emerging contaminant tetracycline using a zinc titanate nanocellulose composite as an efficient photocatalyst
Authors: Gogoi Jahnabi , Chowdhury Devasish
Published: March 2023

In this work, we developed a zinc titanate nanocellulose composite as an efficient photocatalyst in the photodegradation of emerging contaminant tetracycline.
Narrow response temperature range with excellent reversible shape memory effect for semi-crystalline networks as soft actuators
Authors: Chi Dequan , Gu Haoyu , Wang Jingfeng , Wu Chao , Wang Ruijie , Cheng Zhongjun , Zhang Dongjie , Xie Zhimin , Liu Yuyan
Published: March 2023

We report a structure design strategy that can achieve a narrow response temperature range while stably presenting excellent reversible actuation. The special optimization benefits the diversified requirements of complex application scenarios, such as biomedical.
Electron transfer and surface activity of NiCoP-wrapped MXene: cathodic catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Xie Hao , Jiang Demin , Chen Huina , Ma Xiaoshuang , Liu Xiaojin , Qi Qi , Wang Yuqiao
Published: March 2023

MXene@NiCoP was prepared with sufficient active sites and efficient cathodic oxygen diffusion for the ORR. The MXene enhanced the electron transfer and surface activity of NiCoP, resulting in low overpotential and high OH* adsorption energy.
Monocarboxylate-protected two-electron superatomic silver nanoclusters with high photothermal conversion performance
Authors: Wang Hao-Hai , Wei Jianyu , Bigdeli Fahime , Rouhani Farzaneh , Su Hai-Feng , Wang Ling-Xiao , Kahlal Samia , Halet Jean-François , Saillard Jean-Yves , Morsali Ali , Liu Kuan-Guan
Published: March 2023

The first series of monocarboxylate-protected superatomic silver nanoclusters was synthesized and fully characterized.
Triphenylamine side chain enabled polybenzodithiophene wide-bandgap donors for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Zhang Yun , Fu Liying , Zhao Xingyu , Lu Ye , Feng Hao , Meng Xianglin , Liu Chunbo , Zhu Enwei , Ma Chunhong , Che Guangbo
Published: March 2023

A wide-bandgap two-dimensional polymer PBDT-BDT based on alternating benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) units with triphenylamine (TPA) conjugated side chains is designed and synthesized.
Chemoselective reduction of imines and azobenzenes catalyzed by silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes
Authors: Han Bo , Jiao Hongmei , Chen Rong , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Jijiang
Published: March 2023

The first example of NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand-promoted reduction of imines and azobenzenes with a homogeneous silver catalyst is reported.
3DProtDTA: a deep learning model for drug-target affinity prediction based on residue-level protein graphs
Authors: Voitsitskyi Taras , Stratiichuk Roman , Koleiev Ihor , Popryho Leonid , Ostrovsky Zakhar , Henitsoi Pavlo , Khropachov Ivan , Vozniak Volodymyr , Zhytar Roman , Nechepurenko Diana , Yesylevskyy Semen , Nafiiev Alan , Starosyla Serhii
Published: March 2023

We propose a new deep learning DTA model 3DProtDTA, which utilises AlphaFold structure predictions in conjunction with the graph representation of proteins.
The influence of random-coil chemical shifts on the assessment of structural propensities in folded proteins and IDPs
Authors: Kovács Dániel , Bodor Andrea
Published: March 2023

In studying secondary structural propensities of proteins by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, secondary chemical shifts (SCSs) are the primary atomic scale observables. But which random coil chemical shift (RCCS) values to choose?
Recent progress in phosphide materials for thermoelectric conversion
Authors: Quinn Robert J. , Bos Jan-Willem G.
Published: March 2023

Metal phosphides combine elemental abundance, structural and bonding diversity, and are promising thermoelectric materials.
Enhanced charge transport from Pd-doping in CsPbBr3 quantum dots for efficient photoelectrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Gong Wenxiao , Li Yulan , Yang Yang , Guo Heng , Niu Xiaobin
Published: March 2023

The Pd-CsPbBr3 QDs accelerate the separation and transport of photo-induced carriers and exhibit a superior photocurrent of about 2.07 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE.
Topology and structure analysis of carbon fiber-reinforced polyimide composites
Authors: Aleksandrova D. , Komarova M. , Egorov A.
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the production of carbon fiber / high-performance polyimide prepregs and the study of prepreg samples quality by scanning electron microscopy, atomic-force electron microscopy and scanning ion-conductance microscopy. The prepreg samples were produced using a laboratory-designed setup by impregnation of carbon fiber with a polyimide solution. The study of the prepreg structure made it possible to establish the connection between polymer matrix composition and quality of carbon fiber impregnation. Thus, the study shows that the polymer matrix composition containing aliphatic fragment and quaternary carbon atom produces the best performance prepreg suitable for FDM 3D printing.