bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowering Communities with Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Aulia Muhammad Reza , Eryanto Oktoni , Siregar Mawaddah Putri Arisma , Yuhendra Alfis , Aminah Siti
Published: July 2024

Background: The aim of this community development initiative, centered around community engagement, is to address the pressing issue of declining agricultural productivity due to pest infestations in the Asahan Regency, a developing area. Through educational and training programs, the initiative seeks to advocate for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices and safe pesticide usage among farmers, while also addressing the environmental impacts of chemical pesticide use.
Contribution: The primary focus is to gauge the impact of these initiatives in fostering sustainable and environmentally responsible agricultural practices in Asahan Regency, ultimately enhancing the overall well-being of the farming community.
Method: A total of 50 farmers actively participated in these programs, all of whom derived substantial benefits that directly contributed to the improvement of their livelihoods.
Results: The implementation of IPM with a community development approach has the potential to significantly enhance paddy rice productivity while promoting sustainable agriculture

Conclusion: By involving the local community, improving pest control methods, reducing environmental impact, and fostering knowledge sharing, this approach can lead to positive outcomes for both farmers and the environment
New records of grison (Galictis vittata) in Campeche, México
Authors: Contreras-Moreno Fernando M. , Jesús-Espinosa Daniel , Cruz-Romo Lizardo , Méndez-Saint Martin Gabriela , Tamay Yah Luis A. , Sánchez-Pinzón Khiavett G. , Delgado-Martínez Carlos M. , Mendoza Eduardo , Draeby Klaus , Uc-Monrrero Evelio
Published: July 2024

El grisón es un mamífero carnívoro perteneciente a la familia Mustelidae, que en México está clasificado como amenazado, existen pocos registros e información sobre diferentes aspectos de su ecología, el objetivo de esta nota es reportar nuevos registros de grisón en el estado de Campeche.  De enero de 2017 a junio de 2022 se instalaron 30 estaciones de fototrampeo en cuerpos de agua naturales y artificiales dentro de la Reserva de la Biosfera Calakmul para identificar fauna silvestre que los utiliza.  Adicionalmente, se obtuvieron registros de individuos atropellados derivado de recorridos realizados en carreteras de Campeche.  Se buscaron registros en bases de datos internacionales, en libros y artículos publicados.  Con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 15,000 noches/cámara, se obtuvieron 2 registros independientes de grisón por fototrampeo en la Reserva de la Biosfera Calakmul, y 6 registros de animales atropellados en carreteras del estado de Campeche.  Los registros en esta nota indican la presencia del grisón en diversos lugares de Campeche con hábitats variables.  La falta de información previa sobre la especie puede deberse a diversas razones, los métodos de muestreo son dirigidos a animales grandes, los mayores esfuerzos de muestreo se realizan en áreas naturales protegidas en hábitats con mayor grado de conservación.  Encontramos que la mayoría de los registros se dieron en sitios perturbados con vegetación secundaria.  El que varios registros hayan sido animales atropellados, sugiere que esta especie es susceptible de los efectos de las carreteras en el estado de Campeche.
First detailed record of food items in the diet of the dwarf coati (Nasua nelsoni) of Cozumel Island, México
Authors: Rodríguez-Luna César R. , Valenzuela-Galván David , Cuarón Alfredo D.
Published: July 2024

Introducción: El coatí enano (Nasua nelsoni) es un mamífero endémico de Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, México.  A pesar de que el coatí enano es una especie seriamente amenazada con la extinción, aún existen serios vacíos de conocimiento sobre su biología y ecología.  Se desconocen aspectos relevantes de su ecología trófica y no existe información específica sobre sus hábitos alimentarios.  Por ello, nuestro objetivo fue reportar, por primera vez, detalles sobre los alimentos que conforman parte de la dieta del coatí enano. Métodos: Entre septiembre de 2013 y diciembre de 2014, registramos avistamientos de grupos e individuos solitarios de coatí enano.  Algunos de estos avistamientos nos permitieron registrar directamente el consumo de alimentos, principalmente frutas, que luego fueron identificados mediante la recolección de muestras del material consumido y de la planta madre. Resultados: Registramos 25 avistamientos de individuos de coatí enano mientras consumían alimentos.  En 88 % (n = 22) de esos avistamientos, registramos el consumo de frutos de 8 especies, representadas por 8 familias de plantas silvestres.  Adicionalmente, obtuvimos registros del coatí enano mientras consumía huevos de tortuga marina (n = 1) y desechos orgánicos de origen antrópico (n = 2). Discusión: La evidencia del consumo de frutas aunado al consumo de alimentos de diferente origen apoya la idea de que el coatí enano tiene una dieta omnívora basada principalmente en el consumo de frutas, lo que coincide con información reportada para otras especies del género, como el coatí de nariz blanca (N. narica) y el coatí sudamericano (N. nasua).
Distribution extension of a rare species, Eumops auripendulus in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Montani María Eugenia , Saigo Germán , Villa Irene M.
Published: July 2024

Se registra la presencia de Eumops auripendulus (Chiroptera, Molossidae) en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.  Hasta ahora, esta especie era conocida en la provincia de Santa Fe a partir de un solo registro en la localidad de Esperanza en 1978.  Se obtuvo un nuevo ejemplar en la localidad de Florencia, ubicada a unos 400 km al NE de Esperanza, cerca del límite con la provincia del Chaco.  Este nuevo registro corresponde a un animal encontrado muerto y enviado al Laboratorio Central de la Dirección General de Bioquímica y Farmacia de Santa Fe en 2019 como parte del protocolo de vigilancia del virus de la rabia.  La especie fue identificada con base en sus variables morfométricas y por su aspecto general.  Por otro lado, la ubicación geográfica del registro fue trazada en un mapa junto al resto de los registros de la especie en el país; también se consideró el contexto ecorregional.  Este nuevo registro confirma la presencia actual de la especie en la provincia y ayuda a esclarecer su rango de distribución geográfica así como sus preferencias ecológicas, considerando que ambas localidades se encuentran en diferentes ecorregiones: Espinal (Esperanza) y Chaco Húmedo (Florencia).  Es importante mencionar que E. auripendulus ha sido poco estudiada en Argentina, siendo conocida a partir de 10 registros en 3 provincias: Chaco, Misiones y Santa Fe
Reducing the risk of drowning in the bath for people with epilepsy through product development
Authors: Collier Elizabeth , Garner Dan , Grant Amanda , Hayes Katherine
Published: July 2024

People living with epilepsy are at greater risk of drowning in the bath, though comprehensive statistics are not well recorded and those that are do not include immersion accidents or survival following critical care. Nurses have little formal guidance to support them in exploring or managing bathing risks with patients, and there are currently no suitable disability aids for this purpose in the context of epilepsy. In a collaboration between nurses and engineers, this paper illustrates the development of four design protocols with potential for reducing the risk of drowning in the bath for people with epilepsy. The designs could also serve potential needs of the general public. However, much research remains to be done; in addition, manufacturing companies could apply innovative approaches in the products they develop to reduce the risks discussed, in collaboration with nurse advocates and service user groups.
Recognising end of life in people with dementia
Authors: Hogg Jeanette , Dening Karen Harrison
Published: July 2024

There is an increasing number of people affected by dementia, both those with the diagnosis of dementia and those that care for them. Dementia is a life-limiting condition for which there is no treatment available to cure or alter its progressive course. UK dementia policy has tended to focus on living well with dementia, not on dying well with dementia, which has led to fragmented services and many difficulties for this group of people. A consistent difficulty is in recognising when a person with dementia enters the end-of-life phase. The disease trajectory of dementia is unpredictable, especially when compared to the trajectories of other terminal conditions and when there are other comorbid conditions with the dementia. This paper considers approaches to support the stages of trajectory in dementia through the use of an anonymised case study and how these can support recognising dying and shifting the goals of care for both the person with dementia and their family/carers.
Predicting Learning Interest among Taiwanese Students in the Context of Big Science Issues
Authors: Jack Brady Michael , Chen Chi-Chen , Wang Hsin-Hui , Smith Thomas J.
Published: July 2024

Research shows that learning enjoyment in specific socio-scientific issues (SSI) plays an important role in predicting grade 10 students’ learning interest and learning enjoyment (i.e., genuine interest) in SSI subjects generally. However, it remains unexplored whether learning enjoyment also mediates a predictive effect of learning interest in a Big Science SSI of pressing contemporary global concern—COVID-19—on grade 12 high school students’ learning interest in SSI generally. The purpose of this study is to investigate how learning enjoyment may mediate the predictive effect of learning interest in the specific Big Science SSI of COVID-19 specifically on students’ learning interest in SSI subjects generally. Latent variable modeling using data collected from grade 12 students (N = 691) showed personal perceptions of learning enjoyment in SSI partially mediated the predictive effect of learning interest in the SSI of COVID-19 on learning interest in other Big Science SSI subjects. Implications for promoting among science educators and policy specialists the active development of students’ individual interests and involvement in other 21st century Big Science SSI challenges are forwarded. 
Modeling the Potential Influence of Subsurface Tile Drainage Systems on Downstream Flooding in a Midwestern Agricultural Watershed
Authors: White Heather , Sharda Vaishali , Ahaiblame Laurent , Sheshukov Aleksey Y. , Moriasi Daniel N.
Published: July 2024

Highlights

Tile flow was simulated to study the impacts of tile drainage on watershed hydrology and downstream flood days.

Three tile drainage scenarios with varied extents of drained land were compared with a baseline scenario.

The depth of tile flow contributing to streamflow was found to increase as the area of drained land increased.

Results suggest that drainage systems decrease flood days when compared to the baseline scenario.

Abstract. Subsurface tile drainage systems are common in agricultural regions of the Midwestern United States. Drainage systems remove excess water from the surface and soil profile of agricultural fields, allowing crop production in previously unsuitable locations. However, these systems impact watershed hydrology and could influence flooding events. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether tile drainage systems influence downstream flood days in a Midwestern agricultural watershed, specifically the Skunk Creek watershed. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate the hydrologic processes of the Skunk Creek Watershed for an 18-year period (2004–2021). The model was calibrated and validated using observed daily streamflow data with the SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program (SWAT-CUP) software and through the manual modification of missed precipitation data. Three tile drainage scenarios—ranging from 15% to 75% tile-drained agricultural land—were individually incorporated into the model. Results indicated that with increased tile drainage, surface runoff, groundwater flow, deep aquifer recharge, and percolation decreased, whereas lateral soil flow, tile flow, evapotranspiration, and water yield increased. A comparison of tile drainage scenarios suggests that increasing the area of tile-drained agricultural land decreases total flood days. However, the impact of tile drainage systems on downstream peak flood flows varied by event, with large precipitation events initiating flood days across all scenarios. While tile flow decreased flood days on a daily time step, flash floods might have occurred on a sub-daily time step but were not captured in this study. Future studies can replicate the approach with a sub-daily time step for simulating hourly flood events with various tile drainage scenarios. Keywords: Midwestern United States, Streamflow, SWAT, Tile drainage, Watershed hydrology.
The Impact of Short Video Addiction on Self-identity : Mediating Roles of Self-esteem and Appearance Anxiety
Authors: Zhu Runping , Yan Huiting , Huo Zunbin
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the attributes of female self-identity, and investigate the correlation between addiction to short videos, self-esteem, objectification of female content, internalization of beauty ideals, and self-identity. The goal is to develop a psychological framework that enhances our comprehension of the self-identity of contemporary Chinese women.
 Methodology: This study employed an online survey with a convenience sampling approach to gather responses from 400 female short video users from four most popular Chinese social media platforms: Sina Weibo, Xiaohongshu, Douban and WeChat, the Chinese equivalents of Twitter, Instagram, Reddit and WhatsApp respectively.
 Results: The results suggest that (1) self-esteem played a significant role in mediating the relationship between short video addiction and self-identity; (2) the chain mediating effect of internalisation of beauty ideals and self-esteem was not statistically significant, and (3) the chain mediating effect of objectification of female content and self-esteem was statistically significant. Therefore, the greater the short video addiction, the lower self-esteem, the deeper the appearance anxiety, and thus the higher the likelihood that the individual would not identify with themselves. The results provide a theoretical foundation for gaining a deeper understanding of the factors that influence females’ self-identity. Simultaneously, it offers new ideas for enhancing women’s selfidentity. In addition, previous studies on women’s appearance anxiety have given less attention to self-esteem and self-identity. This study, however, looks more extensively into both aspects, so broadening the investigation of the factors impacting women’s self-identity.
Generative Artificial Intelligence for Journalistic Content in Ibero-America : Perceptions, Challenges and Regional Projections
Authors: Apablaza-Campos Alexis , Wilches Tinjacá Jaime Andrés , Salaverría Ramon
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The increasing availability of artificial intelligence (AI) tools has brought with it various, increasingly advanced, uses for content production. Digital media editors have not been immune to the phenomenon, which is why there is growing interest, both professional and academic, regarding its possible uses.
 Objectives: In this paper we seek to detect the experiences, challenges and projections regarding the use of artificial intelligence in the generation of news content. In turn, the specific objectives aim both to offer a general overview of journalistic experiences with AI and to study the results of a survey regarding the use of this technology in the production of content in Ibero-America.
 Methodology: A survey was conducted among 154 participants through a cycle of webinars held at four universities in Ibero-America during the second semester of 2023, corresponding to 14 countries in the region, including academics, researchers and students of Journalism (and related degrees in Social Communication), along with managers and journalists from prominent media outlets.
 Results: although journalistic experiences with AI are still incipient in the region, the responses obtained show that most participants use generative AI tools every week, there is greater knowledge (and preference) for ChatGPT, and there is a consensus regarding how artificial intelligence can bring great benefits if it has the proper regulations.
TikTok in Spanish University Libraries
Authors: García-Bardón Roberto , Arroyo-Vázquez Natalia
Published: July 2024

Goals: The objective of this paper is to describe the characteristics of the profiles and publications of Spanish university libraries on TikTok: to what extent they are present in this medium, what their posts are like, the topics they cover and how many interactions they receive, in order to identify good practices to help other libraries. Methodology: Eight university library profiles on TikTok were analyzed in the second half of March 2023, all of which were active at the time of the analysis,. Quantitative data such as the number of posts or the number of followers were captured. Quantitative and qualitative data were also extracted from each of the 207 publications in the accounts from their creation date until February 28, 2023, such as their duration or topic or the interactions they received. Results: The results provide information about the presence of Spanish university libraries on TikTok, which is still scarce but is increasing. Variables such as the frequency of publication, video length, video content, the number of views, the interactions they receive and the engagement rate are analyzed. Two university libraries with the best audience engagement on TikTok were identified. The characteristics of the ten posts with the most views and interactions are analyzed. All of them share the mixture of information about the library, transmitted through a short and simple message, with a humorous, fun or informal approach. Some follow fashion trends on TikTok.
A Model of Assessment co-creation in Technology-Enhanced Learning Environments in Higher Education
Authors: Santana Martel Jennifer Saray , Pérez Garcias Adolfina
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a participatory design-based research that aimed to create a model of co-creation in the curriculum in Technology-Enhanced Learning Environments (TELE) in tertiary education, specifically to co-design assessment between professors and students. This qualitative research followed four phases divided into five stages with two iterative cycles of design and re-design. Accordingly, a mixed method approach was used to collect the data: systematic literature review, semi-structured interviews, and student surveys. As a result, the model highlights and distinguishes four different dimensions: characterization, co-creation, reflection, and technology. The first three dimensions are represented chronologically and the last one is present in all stages of the previous ones. Furthermore, we depicted how technology is present throughout the co-creation process and in each dimension specifically. In conclusion, this model expands the basis of co-creation in the curriculum literature and provides tools for practitioners to innovate in their academic contexts and involve students in their own learning process through co-creation. Further research in this field should be carried out, so we intend to apply this research to other fields of study and educational levels, contexts, and situations.
Revisión sistemática de tendencias en la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial al ámbito de la escritura académica en las ciencias sociales
Authors: Martínez-Olmo Francesc , González Catalán Felipe
Published: July 2024

El estudio de la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la escritura científico-académica es importante para favorecer la eficiencia en la generación de contenido académico. Además, es necesario investigar cómo la IA puede ayudar a mejorar la claridad y precisión de la comunicación científica. En este sentido, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura (scoping review) que ha tratado el uso de la IA, específicamente ChatGPT, en relación con la escritura académica. Esto a fin de identificar los enfoques temáticos y los diseños de indagación aplicados en los trabajos publicados sobre este tema y, así, orientar futuros proyectos en esta línea de investigación. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se procedió con la localización de artículos en Web of Science y Scopus. Los principales resultados del trabajo revelan el interés por la escritura académica y la IA en relación con sus posibles aplicaciones, herramientas específicas y la detección de plagio, así como su uso ético y responsable. Asimismo, se ha constatado una utilización de variedad de métodos de investigación. La discusión final se centra en cómo la integración de la IA en la escritura científico-académica plantea tanto oportunidades como desafíos en términos de ética, calidad y autonomía intelectual.
Bridging Motivation and AI in Education: An Activity Theory Perspective
Authors: Artemova Inna
Published: July 2024

After the pandemic, research on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field of education has seen a significant increase globally. Although this topic is not new to education, very few studies conducted before the pandemic addressed the problem of supporting internal motivation in students, crucial for the quality of learning and knowledge retention. This study explores the extent to which this topic is covered in recent research by conducting a cross-disciplinary literature review within the theoretical framework of Activity Theory (AT). It aims to identify the extent of coverage of all types of relationships between nodes in the educational activity system, with special attention to Subject (students) and Object, as this central relationship embodies the motive-driven nature of human activity. The analysis incorporated 69 articles from Scopus published from 2020 till present. The results demonstrate coverage of only some relationships: Subject-Tools (students interaction with AI technology), Tools-Object (development of AI technologies), Tools-Community (adapting AI within an educational community). The central relationship between Subject and Object remains unexplored. Practical implications involve developing and integrating AI tools to stimulate intrinsic motivation by emphasizing personal meaning. Theoretical outcomes involve exploring how to foster and sustain students' intrinsic motivation in relation to AI.
De la educabilidad a la Aceptación de la tecnología y alfabetización en Inteligencia Artificial: validación de un instrumento
Authors: Galván Fernández Cristina , Calderón-Garrido Diego
Published: July 2024

En la primera ola de la IA, Susan Leigh Star visibilizó como el desarrollo de la IA se hacía sin consenso social considerando los estudios de Davis en relación con la aceptación de la tecnología en el mundo laboral. Las conclusiones derivadas, conocidas con el test Durkheim, dan respuesta a las antonimias que se están formulando durante el asentamiento de la IAG en los discursos educativos.  Reconociendo que el hecho de educar hoy día se nutre de las pedagogías más libertarias a las más dirigidas por las agendas políticas, son múltiples las perspectivas educativas en relación con la IA. En esta diversidad, los diferentes ámbitos de acción educativa pueden, o no, adoptar la IA desde una mirada instrumental y/o social. Pese a la actualidad de la temática, los investigadores siguen huérfanos de instrumentos que permitan analizar los posicionamientos de la comunidad educativa en general y del estrato estudiantil en particular. Por este motivo, el objetivo de este artículo es adaptar y validar dos encuestas que han mostrado excelentes resultados en sus versiones originales, así como analizar la relación entre ambas con motivo de conocer la aceptación que se tiene de la inteligencia artificial. Para ello se ha aplicado la adaptación de la encuesta sobre la aceptación de la tecnología y la encuesta sobre alfabetización en IA en una muestra de 134 estudiantes de diferentes másteres en Educación. El análisis factorial exploratorio y el posterior análisis factorial confirmatorio han mostrado la validez del instrumento adaptado.
The ARTificial Revolution: Challenges for Redefining Art Education
Authors: Torres Carceller Andrés
Published: July 2024

After years of development in the background, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has burst onto the global stage thanks to open tools for generating textual, visual, auditory, and audiovisual content. In this emerging context, AI is not only emerging as a technological phenomenon but also as a catalyst for innovation in the artistic and educational fields. Although we are only at the dawn, AI is rapidly evolving and leading us towards a revolution, opening a new field of possibilities in creative domains that will transform current aesthetic, procedural, and authorial conceptions. Its potential as a creative tool is currently limited to being a support that facilitates obtaining results of great formal quality and style quickly, but without human intervention based on clear objectives, it becomes an empty generator. Artistic Education must embrace this technology not as an intruder or rival, but as a tool to be known and integrated as another means of creation, developing skills that allow students not only to use these tools effectively but also to reflect on their implications in society and culture. Promoting a conscious, responsible, safe, and ethical use that ensures a critical stance towards generative AI. Understand that it is not a creative tool. It is for creators.
Green innovation drives globalization: a longitudinal case study of Angel Yeast’s evolution from a start-up to a world-class manufacturer
Authors: Liu Xueyuan , Yu Yan , Song Gexuan , Fu Xiaolan
Published: July 2024

In the increasingly competitive global market, emerging market companies, represented by China, have shown mixed performance during their development process. Many companies grow rapidly in the early stages of development but cannot maintain long-term growth. How to achieve sustainable development has become a major challenge for emerging market companies, and green innovation is considered an effective way to address this issue. Based on the resource-based view, this paper conducts a longitudinal case study on Angel Yeast as the research subject, dividing the development process of Angel Yeast into three stages: the start-up period (1986-2000), the growth period (2000-2010), and the maturity period (2010-present), discussing how Angel Yeast has grown from a small start-up company to a world-class manufacturer. The study finds that Angel Yeast has utilized its unique resources at different stages of development for green technology innovation, green product innovation, green management innovation, green marketing innovation, green supply chain management, and green organizational culture construction, enabling Angel Yeast to gain a sustained competitive advantage and grow into a global leader in the yeast industry. This paper expands the research on the evolution of emerging market companies under the resource-based view theory and enriches the understanding of the role of green innovation in the growth process of enterprises.
Works on family business history, 1949-2023
Authors: Mateo López-Mora Teresa , Ortíz-Villajos José M.
Published: July 2024

The history of the family business is a well-established field of study within business history. However, there is a lack of bibliometric studies on this topic. This requires, first of all, identifying publications on the subject. This has been precisely the object of our research. To do this, a systematic search has been conducted in three data sources - Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar -, using specific keywords to filter relevant publications, as well as applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to select appropriate works. The result has been the identification of 513 publications on the history of the family business between 1949 and 2023. 62% correspond to articles in academic journals, 23% to book chapters, and 15% to books. This compilation of works will serve as the basis for future bibliometric analyses on the history of the family business and a valuable resource for researchers interested in this field.
Spectrum design of multimode fiber Bragg gratings based on suppression of mode coupling
Authors: Yang Qianglong , Tao Haiyan , Kong Mei , Xu Yameng
Published: July 2024

The direct femtosecond laser inscription method is very competitive in the fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings, but its refractive index modification region is very limited and leads to low reflectivity and wide spectra of multimode fiber gratings. In this work, the relationship between the refractive index modification region, the coupling coefficient, and the spectrum of the multimode fiber grating is investigated based on the intrinsic mechanism of mode coupling; thus the annular and eccentric elliptic refractive index modification regions are accordingly proposed to suppress mode couplings in the multimode fiber Bragg grating, so as to achieve a highly discrete spectrum and narrow spectrum of the multimode fiber Bragg grating, respectively. This work can provide a solid theoretical foundation for the spectrum design of the multimode fiber Bragg grating, which can be utilized to customize the spectrum according to application scenarios such as optical communication, fiber lasers, filtering, and sensing.
Design and fabrication of a large-aperture electrowetting liquid zoom system
Authors: Hu Degang , Wang Danyang , Li Zhiwei , Zeng Rui , Sun Licun
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a continuous zoom system based on large-aperture electrowetting liquid lenses is designed and fabricated. The inner diameter of the electrowetting lens is up to 20 mm, which can tune stably from a focal length of −328.49mm to −∞ with applied voltages of 0 to 115 V. The zoom system mainly consists of two large-aperture electrowetting liquid lenses and a glass lens, getting continuous zoom images by adjusting the voltages applied to the two liquid lenses without any mechanical movement, ensuring a more compact structure than conventional zoom systems. The theoretical formulas of the zoom ratio and image plane stability condition for this optical system are systematically derived based on the matrix optics, laying the foundation for guiding system regulation and finding methods to improve zoom ratio, and corresponding influence factors on the zoom ratio are verified by experiments. The system zoom ratio can reach 1.52 at a fixed working distance, close to the theoretical derivation result. The system is expected to be used for imaging in a variety of scenarios, such as special photography, dynamic measurement, etc.
Influence of launch light beam conditions on the bandwidth in multimode graded-index microstructured POFs
Authors: Simović Ana , Savović Svetislav , Drljača Branko , Kovačević Milan S. , Kuzmanović Ljubica , Djordjevich Alexandar , Aidinis Konstantinos , Chen Chen , Min Rui
Published: July 2024

The time-dependent power flow equation (TD PFE) is used to theoretically examine the wavelength dependency of the bandwidth in a multimode graded-index microstructured polymer optical fiber (GI mPOF) with a solid core. The TD PFE is numerically solved using the explicit finite difference method (EFDM) and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). Our numerical results show that the bandwidth decreases with an increasing wavelength from 476 to 522 and finally to 568 nm. With further increasing of the wavelength from 568 to 633 nm, the bandwidth increases. In this way, we have demonstrated that the maximum bandwidth of the analyzed GI mPOF in the analyzed wavelength region is obtained at 633 nm. Such bandwidth behavior is a consequence of the different influences of the analyzed wavelengths on the parameters that characterize the refractive index distribution and the maximum propagating principal mode number of the analyzed GI mPOF. We also showed that, when the radial offset of the incident light beam increases, the bandwidth decreases. This results from a greater modal dispersion when higher guided modes are excited. As a result, based on the observations reported in this work, it is simpler to modify the GI mPOF for a particular application at various wavelengths.
Comparing thin and volume regimes of analog holograms for wavefront sensing
Authors: Branigan Emma , Zepp Andreas , Martin Suzanne , Sheehan Matthew , Gladysz Szymon , Murphy Kevin
Published: July 2024

Two analog holographic wavefront sensors, for measurement of defocus, have been fabricated as both thin and volume phase transmission holograms in a self-developing photopolymer. This represents the first reported direct comparison of hologram regimes when designed for wavefront sensing. An analysis of the effect of crosstalk in the presence of one other aberration mode (astigmatism X (0/90°), coma X (horizontal), and primary spherical aberration) was carried out with each version of the sensor. The performance of thin and volume analog holographic wavefront sensors was characterized under emulated conditions associated with moderate atmospheric turbulence.
Three-dimensional reconstruction method for layered structures based on a frequency modulated continuous wave terahertz radar
Authors: Xue Kailiang , Zhang Wenna , Song Jialin , Wang Zhaoba , Jin Yong , Nandi Asoke K. , Chen Youxing
Published: July 2024

The feasibility of employing a continuous-wave terahertz detection system for non-contact and non-destructive testing (NDT) in multi-layered bonding structures is assessed in this study. The paper introduces the detection principle of terahertz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar and outlines the two-dimensional (2D) scanning platform, which integrates optical lenses, three linear actuators, a control platform, and data acquisition units. Experimental results on two types of insulation with prefabricated defects demonstrate the capability of terahertz waves for transparent inspection imaging. These results confirm the viability of terahertz FMCW detection technology as an advanced NDT tool for multi-layered bonding structures. However, the inherent limitations of terahertz wavelength and hardware systems pose challenges in discriminating reflection peaks on upper and lower surfaces. To address this issue, a local adaptive empirical wavelet coefficient modal decomposition (LAEWCMD) method is proposed to enhance the longitudinal discrimination ability of terahertz detection. The proposed method involves segmenting the 2D terahertz detection image into regions to differentiate between defective and non-defective areas. Continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) are then applied to the range signals of each region to derive continuous wavelet coefficients (CWCs). Subsequently, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is performed on the CWCs to decompose them into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and residual signals. The 1st IMF is utilized for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, and the regions are fused to generate the final output. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on aircraft thermal protection structures (TPS), achieving high-precision 3D reconstruction. This offers a novel approach for the application of terahertz computed tomography imaging and NDT.
Portable 5-DOF measurement system using a parallel beam generation method for linear axis detection
Authors: Ma Shao-hua , Li Rui-jun , Liu Xin , Cheng Zhen-ying
Published: July 2024

Geometric error detection is crucial for evaluating the accuracy of the linear axis. However, the practicality of traditional dual-beam detection systems is limited by the parallelism of beams. This study proposes a portable 5-DOF measurement system using a novel parallel beam generation method. Two orthogonal corner cube retroreflectors (CCRs) and a beam splitter (BS) are utilized to achieve two measuring beams with excellent parallelism, which is determined solely by the CCR. The theoretical parallelism of beams is analyzed and experimentally verified. Two position sensitive detectors (PSDs) and one autocollimator are used to measure two straightness errors and three angular errors, and the detection deviations are modelled and compensated. The experiment proves that dual beam that are generated on the basis of the above structure could achieve a parallelism of 5.9′′ without careful adjustment. The designed 5-DOF measurement system has a straightness measurement range of ± 400 µm and an angle measurement range of ± 300′′. The repeatability of the system is 2.20 µm for straightness errors, 1.58′′ for yaw error, 1.82′′ for pitch error and 5.04′′ for roll error detection. The designed 5-DOF measurement system has the advantages of a simple structure and stable accuracy and is very practical in measuring the geometric errors of machine tools.
Precise measurement of chiral spectrum in the ultraviolet band using weak measurement and a deep neural network model
Authors: Tang Tingting , Gao Ying , He Yu , Liang Xiao , Li Jie , Xu Jingduo , Li Chaoyang , Luo Li , Yao Junmei , Bai Hangkong
Published: July 2024

Circular dichroism (CD) spectrum and optical rotation (OR) spectrum, crucial for understanding molecular properties and configurations, present challenges due to limited testing methods and equipment accuracy in the ultraviolet (UV) region. This study proposes a weak measurement system for chiral signals in varying concentrations in the ultraviolet range, optimized using a deep neural network (DNN) model. Introducing different post-selections to detect the circular dichroism spectrum and optical rotation spectrum separately, with contrast as a probe, it achieves a detection resolution of up to 10−6 rad. Moreover, the fitted value of the training data can reach 0.9989, enhancing the prediction accuracy of chiral molecule concentrations. This method exhibits considerable promise for applications in chiral measurement and sensor technologies.
Hyperfine structure of the 609 nm transition of Lu I by RIMS with multi-mode lasers
Authors: Biswal Diptimayee , Rathod D. R. , Rath Asawari D.
Published: July 2024

Using multi-mode lasers, two-photon resonant RIMS experiments are performed in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to investigate the hyperfine structure of the transition of lutetium at 609 nm for both natural isotopes 175Lu and 176Lu. Partial hyperfine envelopes of this transition are recorded by preferentially populating each hyperfine level of its lower energy level at 17427.28 cm−1 (5d6s6p 4F°3/2) from ground level using the first laser and subsequent scanning of the second laser across the transition. Resultant spectra are analysed to determine the upper level hyperfine A and B constants at 33831.46 cm−1 (6s6p2 4P3/2) for 175Lu and 176Lu. Further, isotope shift IS(175Lu, 176Lu) of this level is determined. Using the hyperfine constants and IS of natural isotopes, the hyperfine profile of the medical isotope 177Lu is deduced.
Control-free and efficient integrated photonic neural networks via hardware-aware training and pruning
Authors: Xu Tengji , Zhang Weipeng , Zhang Jiawei , Luo Zeyu , Xiao Qiarong , Wang Benshan , Luo Mingcheng , Xu Xingyuan , Shastri Bhavin J. , Prucnal Paul R. , Huang Chaoran
Published: July 2024

Integrated photonic neural networks (PNNs) are at the forefront of AI
computing, leveraging light’s unique properties, such as large
bandwidth, low latency, and potentially low power consumption.
Nevertheless, the integrated optical components are inherently
sensitive to external disturbances, thermal interference, and various
device imperfections, which detrimentally affect computing accuracy
and reliability. Conventional solutions use complicated control
methods to stabilize optical devices and chip, which result in high
hardware complexity and are impractical for large-scale PNNs. To
address this, we propose a training approach to enable control-free,
accurate, and energy-efficient photonic computing without adding
hardware complexity. The core idea is to train the parameters of a
physical neural network towards its noise-robust and energy-efficient
region. Our method is validated on different integrated PNN
architectures and is applicable to solve various device imperfections
in thermally tuned PNNs and PNNs based on phase change materials. A
notable 4-bit improvement is achieved in micro-ring resonator-based
PNNs without needing complex device control or power-hungry
temperature stabilization circuits. Additionally, our approach reduces
the energy consumption by tenfold. This advancement represents a
significant step towards the practical, energy-efficient, and
noise-resilient implementation of large-scale integrated PNNs.
BCI Toolbox: An open-source python package for the Bayesian causal inference model
Authors: Zhu Haocheng , Beierholm Ulrik , Shams Ladan
Published: July 2024

Psychological and neuroscientific research over the past two decades has shown that the Bayesian causal inference (BCI) is a potential unifying theory that can account for a wide range of perceptual and sensorimotor processes in humans. Therefore, we introduce the BCI Toolbox, a statistical and analytical tool in Python, enabling researchers to conveniently perform quantitative modeling and analysis of behavioral data. Additionally, we describe the algorithm of the BCI model and test its stability and reliability via parameter recovery. The present BCI toolbox offers a robust platform for BCI model implementation as well as a hands-on tool for learning and understanding the model, facilitating its widespread use and enabling researchers to delve into the data to uncover underlying cognitive mechanisms.
Kernel Bayesian logistic tensor decomposition with automatic rank determination for predicting multiple types of miRNA-disease associations
Authors: Ma Yingjun , Ma Yuanyuan
Published: July 2024

Identifying the association and corresponding types of miRNAs and diseases is crucial for studying the molecular mechanisms of disease-related miRNAs. Compared to traditional biological experiments, computational models can not only save time and reduce costs, but also discover potential associations on a large scale. Although some computational models based on tensor decomposition have been proposed, these models usually require manual specification of numerous hyperparameters, leading to a decrease in computational efficiency and generalization ability. Additionally, these linear models struggle to analyze complex, higher-order nonlinear relationships. Based on this, we propose a novel framework, KBLTDARD, to identify potential multiple types of miRNA–disease associations. Firstly, KBLTDARD extracts information from biological networks and high-order association network, and then fuses them to obtain more precise similarities of miRNAs (diseases). Secondly, we combine logistic tensor decomposition and Bayesian methods to achieve automatic hyperparameter search by introducing sparse-induced priors of multiple latent variables, and incorporate auxiliary information to improve prediction capabilities. Finally, an efficient deterministic Bayesian inference algorithm is developed to ensure computational efficiency. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets show that KBLTDARD has better Top-1 precision, Top-1 recall, and Top-1 F1 for new type predictions, and higher AUPR, AUC, and F1 values for new triplet predictions, compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, case studies demonstrate the efficiency of KBLTDARD in predicting multiple types of miRNA-disease associations.
Assessing thresholds of resistance prevalence at which empiric treatment of gonorrhea should change among men who have sex with men in the US: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Yin Xuecheng , Li Yunfei , Rönn Minttu M. , Li Song , Yuan Yue , Gift Thomas L. , Hsu Katherine , Salomon Joshua A. , Grad Yonatan H. , Yaesoubi Reza
Published: July 2024

Background

Since common diagnostic tests for gonorrhea do not provide information about susceptibility to antibiotics, treatment of gonorrhea remains empiric. Antibiotics used for empiric therapy are usually changed once resistance prevalence exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., 5%). A low switch threshold is intended to increase the probability that an infection is successfully treated with the first-line antibiotic, but it could also increase the pace at which recommendations are switched to newer antibiotics. Little is known about the impact of changing the switch threshold on the incidence of gonorrhea, the rate of treatment failure, and the overall cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) associated with gonorrhea.

Methods and findings

We developed a transmission model of gonococcal infection with multiple resistant strains to project gonorrhea-associated costs and loss in QALYs under different switch thresholds among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. We accounted for the costs and disutilities associated with symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and sequelae, and combined costs and QALYs in a measure of net health benefit (NHB). Our results suggest that under a scenario where 3 antibiotics are available over the next 50 years (2 suitable for the first-line therapy of gonorrhea and 1 suitable only for the retreatment of resistant infections), changing the switch threshold between 1% and 10% does not meaningfully impact the annual number of gonorrhea cases, total costs, or total QALY losses associated with gonorrhea. However, if a new antibiotic is to become available in the future, choosing a lower switch threshold could improve the population NHB. If in addition, drug-susceptibility testing (DST) is available to inform retreatment regimens after unsuccessful first-line therapy, setting the switch threshold at 1% to 2% is expected to maximize the population NHB. A limitation of our study is that our analysis only focuses on the MSM population and does not consider the influence of interventions such as vaccine and common use of rapid drugs susceptibility tests to inform first-line therapy.

Conclusions

Changing the switch threshold for first-line antibiotics may not substantially change the health and financial outcomes associated with gonorrhea. However, the switch threshold could be reduced when newer antibiotics are expected to become available soon or when in addition to future novel antibiotics, DST is also available to inform retreatment regimens.
Characterizing clinical heterogeneity in an inpatient service treating mental, substance use and concurrent disorders
Authors: Gendy Marie N. S. , Remers Shannon , Costello Jean , Rush Brian , MacKillop James
Published: July 2024

Patients diagnosed with concurrent disorders (CD)—comorbid substance use disorder with other psychiatric conditions—experience poorer clinical outcomes, and significant gaps remain in defining the optimal care path for treating CD. Toward this goal, the primary aim of this study was to characterize individual differences in substance use and psychiatric symptomology in an inpatient clinical sample using a person-centred approach. Admission assessment data from a private inpatient service treating mental disorders, substance use, and concurrent disorders was used (n = 177). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to classify individuals into statistically distinct latent profiles based on their psychiatric symptoms and polysubstance use as covariates. LPA revealed four profiles. Profile 1 (20%) was identified as having low SUD and low psychiatric disorders, profile 2 (65%) was identified as having low SUD and high psychiatric disorders, profile 3 (8%) was characterized as high substance use and moderate psychiatric disorders and profile 4 (7%) was identified as the high SUD and high psychiatric disorders. The participants in the two profiles endorsing high SUDs, Profiles 3 and 4, showed significantly higher impulsivity in terms of higher positive urgency sensation-seeking scores compared to the other profiles and the highest use of cocaine/stimulants than the other two. Identifying clinical heterogeneity by classifying individuals into distinct profiles is a first step toward designing more targeted and personalized interventions in clinically complex inpatient populations.