bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NuMA regulates mitotic spindle assembly, structural dynamics and function via phase separation
Authors: Sun Mengjie , Jia Mingkang , Ren He , Yang Biying , Chi Wangfei , Xin Guangwei , Jiang Qing , Zhang Chuanmao
Published: December 2021

A functional mitotic spindle is essential for accurate chromosome congression and segregation during cell proliferation; however, the underlying mechanisms of its assembly remain unclear. Here we show that NuMA regulates this assembly process via phase separation regulated by Aurora A. NuMA undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation during mitotic entry and KifC1 facilitates NuMA condensates concentrating on spindle poles. Phase separation of NuMA is mediated by its C-terminus, whereas its dynein-dynactin binding motif also facilitates this process. Phase-separated NuMA droplets concentrate tubulins, bind microtubules, and enrich crucial regulators, including Kif2A, at the spindle poles, which then depolymerizes spindle microtubules and promotes poleward spindle microtubule flux for spindle assembly and structural dynamics. In this work, we show that NuMA orchestrates mitotic spindle assembly, structural dynamics and function via liquid-liquid phase separation regulated by Aurora A phosphorylation.
Valley-filling instability and critical magnetic field for interaction-enhanced Zeeman response in doped WSe2 monolayers
Authors: Xuan Fengyuan , Quek Su Ying
Published: December 2021

Carrier-doped transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers are of great interest in valleytronics due to the large Zeeman response (g-factors) in these spin-valley-locked materials, arising from many-body interactions. We develop an ab initio approach based on many-body perturbation theory to compute the interaction-enhanced g-factors in carrier-doped materials. We show that the g-factors of doped WSe2 monolayers are enhanced by screened-exchange interactions resulting from magnetic-field-induced changes in band occupancies. Our interaction-enhanced g-factors g* agree well with experiment. Unlike traditional valleytronic materials such as silicon, the enhancement in g-factor vanishes beyond a critical magnetic field Bc achievable in standard laboratories. We identify ranges of g* for which this change in g-factor at Bc leads to a valley-filling instability and Landau level alignment, which is important for the study of quantum phase transitions in doped TMDs. We further demonstrate how to tune the g-factors and optimize the valley-polarization for the valley Hall effect.
COPEX: co-evolutionary crystal structure prediction algorithm for complex systems
Authors: Liu Xiangyang , Niu Haiyang , Oganov Artem R.
Published: December 2021

Crystal structure prediction has been widely used to accelerate the discovery of new materials in recent years. Up to this day, it remains a challenge to predict the stable stoichiometries and structures of ternary or more complex systems due to the explosive increase of the size of the chemical and configurational space. Numerous novel materials with a series of unique characteristics are expected to be found in this virgin territory while new algorithms to predict crystal structures in complex systems are urgently called for. Inspired by co-evolution in biology, here we propose a co-evolutionary algorithm, which we name COPEX, and which is based on the well-known evolutionary algorithm USPEX. Within this proposed algorithm, a few USPEX calculations for ternary systems and multiple for energetically-favored pseudobinary or fixed-composition systems are carried out in parallel, and co-evolution is achieved by sharing structural information on the fittest individuals among different USPEX sub-processes during the joint evolution. We have applied the algorithm to W–Cr–B, Mg–Si–O, and Hf–Ta–C, three very different systems, and many ternary compounds have been identified. Our results clearly demonstrate that the COPEX algorithm combines efficiency and reliability even for complex systems.
Dynamic synthesis of Heisenberg-limited spin squeezing
Authors: Huang Long-Gang , Chen Feng , Li Xinwei , Li Yaohua , Lü Rong , Liu Yong-Chun
Published: December 2021

Spin squeezing is a key resource in quantum metrology, allowing improvements of measurement signal-to-noise ratio. Its generation is a challenging task because the experimental realization of the required squeezing interaction remains difficult. Here, we propose a generic scheme to synthesize spin squeezing in non-squeezing systems. By using periodical rotation pulses, the original non-squeezing interaction can be transformed into squeezing interaction, with significantly enhanced interaction strength. The sign of the interaction coefficient is also flippable, facilitating time-reversal readout protocol for nonlinear interferometers. The generated spin squeezing is capable of achieving the Heisenberg limit with measurement precision ∝ 1/N for N particles and its robustness to noises of pulse areas and separations has been verified as well. This work offers a path to extending the scope of Heisenberg-limited quantum precision measurements in non-squeezing systems.
A phase 1/2 trial of an immune-modulatory vaccine against IDO/PD-L1 in combination with nivolumab in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Kjeldsen Julie Westerlin , Lorentzen Cathrine Lund , Martinenaite Evelina , Ellebaek Eva , Donia Marco , Holmstroem Rikke Boedker , Klausen Tobias Wirenfeldt , Madsen Cecilie Oelvang , Ahmed Shamaila Munir , Weis-Banke Stine Emilie , Holmström Morten Orebo , Hendel Helle Westergren , Ehrnrooth Eva , Zocca Mai-Britt , Pedersen Ayako Wakatsuki , Andersen Mads Hald , Svane Inge Marie
Published: December 2021

Anti-programmed death (PD)-1 (aPD1) therapy is an effective treatment for metastatic melanoma (MM); however, over 50% of patients progress due to resistance. We tested a first-in-class immune-modulatory vaccine (IO102/IO103) against indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and PD ligand 1 (PD-L1), targeting immunosuppressive cells and tumor cells expressing IDO and/or PD-L1 (IDO/PD-L1), combined with nivolumab. Thirty aPD1 therapy-naive patients with MM were treated in a phase 1/2 study (https://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT03047928). The primary endpoint was feasibility and safety; the systemic toxicity profile was comparable to that of nivolumab monotherapy. Secondary endpoints were efficacy and immunogenicity; an objective response rate (ORR) of 80% (confidence interval (CI), 62.7–90.5%) was reached, with 43% (CI, 27.4–60.8%) complete responses. After a median follow-up of 22.9 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 26 months (CI, 15.4–69 months). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached. Vaccine-specific responses assessed in vitro were detected in the blood of >93% of patients during vaccination. Vaccine-reactive T cells comprised CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with activity against IDO- and PD-L1-expressing cancer and immune cells. T cell influx of peripherally expanded T cells into tumor sites was observed in responding patients, and general enrichment of IDO- and PD-L1-specific clones after treatment was documented. These clinical efficacy and favorable safety data support further validation in a larger randomized trial to confirm the clinical potential of this immunomodulating approach.
Comparative meta-omics for identifying pathogens associated with prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Goswami Karan , Shope Alexander J. , Tokarev Vasily , Wright Justin R. , Unverdorben Lavinia V. , Ly Truc , Chen See Jeremy , McLimans Christopher J. , Wong Hoi Tong , Lock Lauren , Clarkson Samuel , Parvizi Javad , Lamendella Regina
Published: December 2021

Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are economically and personally costly, and their incidence has been increasing in the United States. Herein, we compared 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (16S), shotgun metagenomics (MG) and metatranscriptomics (MT) in identifying pathogens causing PJI. Samples were collected from 30 patients, including 10 patients undergoing revision arthroplasty for infection, 10 patients receiving revision for aseptic failure, and 10 patients undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty. Synovial fluid and peripheral blood samples from the patients were obtained at time of surgery. Analysis revealed distinct microbial communities between primary, aseptic, and infected samples using MG, MT, (PERMANOVA p = 0.001), and 16S sequencing (PERMANOVA p < 0.01). MG and MT had higher concordance with culture (83%) compared to 0% concordance of 16S results. Supervised learning methods revealed MT datasets most clearly differentiated infected, primary, and aseptic sample groups. MT data also revealed more antibiotic resistance genes, with improved concordance results compared to MG. These data suggest that a differential and underlying microbial ecology exists within uninfected and infected joints. This study represents the first application of RNA-based sequencing (MT). Further work on larger cohorts will provide opportunities to employ deep learning approaches to improve accuracy, predictive power, and clinical utility.
Association between chemotherapy and prognostic factors of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma: a SEER population-based cohort study
Authors: Liu Meiqi , Xu Mengying , Tang Tiantian
Published: December 2021

Hepatectomy and transplantation are the main surgical therapies for HCC patients, and radiotherapy or chemotherapy is often used as adjuvant treatment. Researches have evaluated the independent predictors of HCC, but evidence for factors predicting the efficacy of chemotherapy is rare. Patients diagnosed with HCC between 2010 and 2015 from the SEER database were included and randomly divided into non-chemotherapy and chemotherapy groups. The predictors of CSS and OS were analyzed with the Cox proportional-hazards regression model and Fine and Gray’s competing risk model. Although there was no significant difference in survival analysis between the chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups, the cumulative cancer-specific mortality of most HCC patients was decreased in the chemotherapy group. AJCC stage, tumor size, grade, surgery and radiotherapy were predictors of OS and CSS in the non-chemotherapy group, while AJCC stage, tumor size, AFP, grade and surgery in the chemotherapy group. Surgery combined with chemotherapy was applicable to all AJCC stage patients. Surgery was the major treatment option for patients in AJCC I and AJCC II stage, and chemotherapy in AJCC III and AJCC IV stage. In conclusion, the study provided population-based estimates of the prognostic factors in HCC patients with or without chemotherapy.
The role of European health system characteristics in affecting Covid 19 lethality during the early days of the pandemic
Authors: Giancotti Monica , Lopreite Milena , Mauro Marianna , Puliga Michelangelo
Published: December 2021

This article examines the main factors affecting COVID-19 lethality across 16 European Countries with a focus on the role of health system characteristics during the first phase of the diffusion of the virus. Specifically, we investigate the leading causes of lethality at 10, 20, 30, 40 days in the first hit of the pandemic. Using a random forest regression (ML), with lethality as outcome variable, we show that the percentage of people older than 65 years (with two or more chronic diseases) is the main predictor variable of lethality by COVID-19, followed by the number of hospital intensive care unit beds, investments in healthcare spending compared to GDP, number of nurses and doctors. Moreover, the variable of general practitioners has little but significant predicting quality. These findings contribute to provide evidence for the prediction of lethality caused by COVID-19 in Europe and open the discussion on health policy and management of health care and ICU beds during a severe epidemic.
FASN, SCD1 and ANXA9 gene polymorphism as genetic predictors of the fatty acid profile of sheep milk
Authors: Pecka-Kiełb Ewa , Kowalewska-Łuczak Inga , Czerniawska-Piątkowska Ewa , Króliczewska Bożena
Published: December 2021

In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ANXA9 (annexin 9), FASN (fatty acid synthase) and SCD1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1) genes were analyzed as factors influencing fatty acid profiles in milk from Zošľachtená valaška sheep. SNP in selected genes was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). The long-chain fatty acids profile in sheep milk was identified by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis of the SCD1/Cfr13I polymorphism showed that the milk of the homozygous AA animals was characterized by a lower (P < 0.05) share of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0 in comparison to the homozygous CC sheep. The milk of heterozygous sheep was characterized by a higher (P < 0.05) proportion of C13:0 acid compared to the milk of sheep with the homozygous AA type. A higher (P < 0.05) level of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was found in the milk of CC genotype sheep compared to the AA genotype. Our results lead to the conclusion that the greatest changes were observed for the SCD1/Cfr13I polymorphism and the least significant ones for FASN/AciI. Moreover, it is the first evidence that milk from sheep with SCD1/Cfr13I polymorphism and the homozygous AA genotype showed the most desirable fatty acids profile.
Fe(II)-phthalocyanine supported on chitosan aerogel as a catalyst for oxidation of alcohols and alkyl arenes
Authors: Azimi Fatemeh , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad , Keshipour Sajjad
Published: December 2021

Manipulation of materials is considered as one of the eminent strategies to create desirable catalysts. In this regard, increasing surface area and decreasing dimensions of catalysts have been widely employed on account of effectiveness of these methods. Herein, aerogel form of chitosan as a sustainable, and high aspect ratio compound is employed as a green support for the catalytic purposes. Chitosan aerogel was modified with Fe(II)-phthalocyanine to produce a heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation reactions. The synthesized catalyst promoted the oxidation reactions of alcohols and alkyl arenes to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones using H2O2 as an oxidant in 24 h. The reactions for aliphatic and aromatic alcohols gave turnover numbers of 106–109 at 80 °C and 106–117 at room temperature, respectively. The oxidations of alkyl arenes were carried out with turnover numbers laying in the range of 106–117 at 100 °C. The low toxicity, inexpensive nature, and recycling possibility of the catalyst accompanied by the reaction mild conditions, clean oxidant, and excellent yields offer chitosan aerogel modified with Fe(II)-phthalocyanine as a promising catalyst for oxidation reactions.
One-step covalent hydrophobic/hydrophilic functionalization of chemically exfoliated molybdenum disulfide nanosheets with RAFT derived polymers
Authors: Plantzopoulou Andriana , Stergiou Anastasios , Kafetzi Martha , Arenal Raul , Pispas Stergios , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: December 2021

The covalent functionalization of chemically exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets with hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) and hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) polymers, in a single-step without additives, has been accomplished.
Unleashing the shape of l-DOPA at last
Authors: Sanz-Novo Miguel , León Iker , Alonso Elena R. , Alonso José L.
Published: December 2021

Four different conformers have been revealed in the supersonic expansion for the amino acid and supramolecular synthone L-DOPA (see figure), rejecting its previously reported conformational restriction. The role of the N-H···π interactions have been thoroughly described.
The effect of interlayer stacking arrangements in two dimensional NiOOH on water oxidation catalysis
Authors: Yohanan Eitan , Caspary Toroker Maytal
Published: December 2021

Oxygen evolution reaction affected by stacking arrangements.
Enhanced activity and sulfur resistance of Cu- and Fe-modified activated carbon for the reduction of NO by CO from regeneration gas
Authors: Xu Zhicheng , Li Yuran , Lin Yuting , Wang Bin , Gao Panting , Zhu Tingyu
Published: December 2021

The reduction of NO by CO was proposed to be applied for regeneration gas to remove NOx from industrial flue gas with activated carbon purification technology.
Total flavonoids in Epimedium koreanum Nakai alleviated chronic renal failure via promoting AMPK activation
Authors: Zhao Yudan , Zhang Ruiqi , Mu Lintong , Yang Wanyue , Zhang Xin , Han Ling , Lv Chongning , Lu Jincai
Published: December 2021

Total flavonoids in Epimedium koreanum Nakai treated adenine-induced chronic renal failure via regulating AMPK/ACC and AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Electric production of high-quality fuels via electron beam irradiation under ambient conditions
Authors: Wang Kunpeng , Staack David
Published: December 2021

Collisions between high energy electrons and molecules effectively activate molecules (radicals) which may free pair and produce the desired products. Two conversion processes could be initiated by this mechanism: oligomerization and dimerization.
Printed microfluidic sweat sensing platform for cortisol and glucose detection
Authors: Naik Aditi R. , Zhou Yiliang , Dey Anita A. , Arellano D. Leonardo González , Okoroanyanwu Uzodinma , Secor Ethan B. , Hersam Mark C. , Morse Jeffrey , Rothstein Jonathan P. , Carter Kenneth R. , Watkins James J.
Published: December 2021

An inexpensive microfluidic sweat sensor platform for single-use and continuous biomarker measurements integrated with a synthetic skin for characterization at various sweat rates.
Interface-dependent phononic and optical properties of GeO/MoSO heterostructures
Authors: Yagmurcukardes M. , Sozen Y. , Baskurt M. , Peeters F. M. , Sahin H.
Published: December 2021

The interface-dependent electronic, vibrational, piezoelectric, and optical properties of van der Waals heterobilayers, formed by buckled GeO (b-GeO) and Janus MoSO structures, are investigated by means of first-principles calculations.
Tuning the local electronic structure of a single-site Ni catalyst by co-doping a 3D graphene framework with B/N atoms toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Shao Tianyi , Duan Delong , Liu Shengkun , Gao Chao , Ji Hengxing , Xiong Yujie
Published: December 2021

This work reveals how the local electronic structures of single-site catalysts are tuned to enhance the performance for CO2 electroreduction.
Synthesis of methylene-bridged α,β-unsaturated ketones: α-Csp3–H methylenation of aromatic ketones using Selectfluor as a mild oxidant
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Liu Zhiqi , Zhu Tingyu , Huang Ying , Fan Weibin , Huang Deguang
Published: December 2021

A three starting material four component reaction is developed for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones and β-amino ketones. TMEDA is used a dual synthon to provide two carbons in the Selectfluor system.
Processes for coating surfaces with a copolymer made from sulfur and dicyclopentadiene
Authors: Mann Maximilian , Zhang Bowen , Tonkin Samuel J. , Gibson Christopher T. , Jia Zhongfan , Hasell Tom , Chalker Justin M.
Published: December 2021

A copolymer made from sulfur and dicyclopentadiene was useful as a mercury sorbent, and also as a protective and repairable coating.
Sex-dependent effects of chronic exercise on cognitive flexibility but not hippocampal Bdnf in aging mice
Authors: Short Annabel K. , Bui Viet , Zbukvic Isabel C. , Hannan Anthony J. , Pang Terence Y. , Kim Jee Hyun
Published: December 2021

Cognitive impairments associated with advanced age involve alterations in the hippocampus that changes with experience throughout life. The hippocampus is critical for cognitive flexibility involved with extinction and reinstatement of conditioned fear. It is widely accepted that regular exercise can be beneficial for hippocampal function. Therefore, we asked whether chronic voluntary exercise in middle-aged mice can improve extinction and/or reinstatement of conditioned fear compared with standard-housing. Eight-month-old male and female C57Bl/6J mice had access to a running wheel or remained in standard-housing until 11 months of age. Alongside control standard-housed young adult (3-month-old) mice, they received tone–footshock pairings, which were subsequently extinguished with tone-alone presentations the next day. Half of the mice then received a reminder in the form of a single footshock. Male and female 11-month-old mice housed in standard conditions exhibited impaired reinstatement compared with young adult mice. However, for males that had access to a running wheel from 8 months of age, the reminder treatment rescued reinstatement ability. This was not observed in females. Additionally, exercise during middle age in both sexes increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA in the hippocampus, specifically exon 4 mRNA. These results show that, at least for males, physical exercise is beneficial for reducing age-related decline in cognitive abilities. Despite not affecting reinstatement, exercise also increased Bdnf gene expression in the female hippocampus, which could potentially benefit other forms of hippocampus-dependent cognition.
Internally wavelength stabilized 910 nm diode lasers with epitaxially stacked multiple active regions and tunnel junctions
Authors: Wenzel Hans , Fricke Jörg , Maaßdorf Andre , Ammouri Nor , Zink Christof , Martin Dominik , Knigge Andrea
Published: December 2021

We present a multi‐active‐region bipolar‐cascade distributed‐Bragg reflector (DBR) laser emitting around 910 nm. The three active regions and two tunnel junctions are located in a single waveguide core sharing the same third‐order vertical mode. A slope efficiency of 2.25 W/A was measured with a threshold current density of 400 A/cm2. Due to the implemented 7th Bragg order surface grating, the laser exhibits a narrow optical spectrum with a width of 0.3 nm and a thermal detuning of 60 pm/K.
Influence of imidazole derivatives on the dielectric and energy storage performance of epoxy
Authors: Luo Jiaming , Zhang Lei , Sun Wenjie , Mao Jiale , Zheng Yiting , Wang Shuang , Zhang Ziqi , Chen Yingxin , Cheng Yonghong
Published: December 2021

Imidazoles are widely used as curing agents and accelerators for fabricating crosslinked epoxy materials applied in electrical and electronic fields. However, the intrinsic chemical structure of imidazole derivatives would greatly influence the polymerisation process, and further change the electrical properties, which was not emphasised. To achieve an in‐depth understanding, commonly used imidazole only containing pyridine‐type nitrogen and imidazole with both pyridine and pyrrole‐type nitrogen were selected in this study. Electrical properties including dielectric properties, volume resistivity, breakdown strength, and especially energy storage performances were systematically investigated. We figured out that higher breakdown strength, glass transition temperature, and lower dielectric loss can be achieved with imidazole containing pyrrole‐type nitrogen. Structure‐induced curing mechanism diversity and the generated differences in polymer network were highlighted. With the capability to incorporate into the polymer network, the dielectric constant/loss of epoxy cured by imidazole containing pyrrole‐type nitrogen is less sensitive with variation in concentration and a high breakdown strength of 577.9 MV/m was achieved. On the contrary, conspicuous decrease in the breakdown strength and increase in dielectric loss of the epoxy cured by imidazole only containing pyridine‐type nitrogen were observed, especially at high concentration. Moreover, we also found that the epoxy can be fabricated into films with an attractive energy storage density/efficiency of 1.1 J/cm3/97%@200 MV/m, which is twice of the commercial dielectric polypropylene film under the same electric field.
Improved probability hypothesis density filter for multi‐target tracking of non‐cooperative bistatic radar
Authors: Wang Sen , Bao Qinglong , Pan Jiameng
Published: December 2021

Non‐cooperative bistatic radar refers to the passive bistatic radar using a non‐cooperative radar as the illuminator of opportunity. Limited by the non‐cooperation and bistatic configuration, multi‐target tracking of the non‐cooperative bistatic radar is confronted with challenges of low detection probability and high clutter. Based on the sequential Monte Carlo implementation of probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, this study proposes an improved PHD (I‐PHD) filter. Similar to the tracking gate in data association, whether each candidate target is detected at each time is determined and recorded, and the sequential probability ratio test distinguishes a real target and false target based on this record. To distinguish miss detection and target death, a new survival probability dependent on target position is defined, and the survival probability of a specific target drops rapidly when it is located near the boundary and moves outwards. To label targets and extract their states, a new method of track identification and state estimation is proposed. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed I‐PHD filter can effectively track multiple targets of non‐cooperative bistatic radar under low detection probability and high clutter and has superior performance than competing methods.
Multi‐task tracking and classification with an adaptive radar
Authors: John‐Baptiste Peter , Brandewie Aaron , Vinci Joe , Bell Kristine , Johnson Joel T. , Neese Christopher F. , Rangaswamy Muralidhar
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the use of adaptive radar waveforms in performing a multi‐task operation involving the tracking and classification of a single target. The work applies a previously reported hierarchical fully adaptive radar framework and considers a situation in which the target tracking function is performed using a transmit waveform having adaptive pulse repetition frequency, pulse width, bandwidth, and coherent processing interval parameters, while the classification function can be performed using only a fixed radar waveform. Two alternate strategies for selecting the next waveform are then described. The first strategy is focussed on maintaining fixed measurement performance goals in terms of target range and velocity and classification entropy, while the second approach varies these performance goals depending on the target state. Both approaches are examined for simulated datasets at W‐band representing a moving human target, as well as for laboratory measurements of this scenario. The results for both simulation and experiment show the benefits of including adaptive waveforms in performing multiple radar tasks.
Clustering methods for the efficient voltage regulation in smart grids
Authors: Abegaz Brook W.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, clustering methods are presented to enhance the stability of automatic voltage regulators using the efficient adjustment of their respective gains. The results show that implementations of some of the clustering algorithms provide better reliability and stability for the feedback‐based voltage regulators as compared to the other methods, namely, a model predictive controller (MPC), a gaussian mixture model (GMM), a self‐organizing mapping (SOM) and hierarchical clustering (HC) methods. Specifically, the K‐Means clustering approach (KM) provided superior stability but a slower rise time of the output voltage of the voltage regulators as compared to the other methods. Furthermore, coordination of the clustering methods is tested for a 10 machine, 39 bus power grid system. The results show that the clustering approach could be applied to improve the efficiency of voltage regulation methods in smart grids and related cyber‐physical systems.
Detailed models of interacting short-period massive binary stars
Authors: Sen K. , Langer N. , Marchant P. , Menon A. , de Mink S. E. , Schootemeijer A. , Schürmann C. , Mahy L. , Hastings B. , Nathaniel K. , Sana H. , Wang C. , Xu X. T.
Published: December 2021

Context. The majority of massive stars are part of binary systems. In about a quarter of these, the companions are so close that mass transfer occurs while they undergo core hydrogen burning, first on the thermal and then on the nuclear timescale. The nuclear timescale mass transfer leads to observational counterparts: the semi-detached so-called massive Algol binaries. These systems may provide urgently needed tests of the physics of mass transfer. However, comprehensive model predictions for these systems are sparse.

Aims. We use a large grid of detailed evolutionary models of short-period massive binaries and follow-up population synthesis calculations to derive probability distributions of the observable properties of massive Algols and their descendants.

Methods. Our results are based on ∼10 000 binary model sequences calculated with the stellar evolution code MESA, using a metallicity suitable for the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), covering initial donor masses between 10 M⊙ and 40 M⊙ and initial orbital periods above 1.4 d. These models include internal differential rotation and magnetic angular momentum transport, non-conservative mass and angular momentum transfer between the binary components, and time-dependent tidal coupling.

Results. Our models imply ∼30, or ∼3% of the ∼1000, core hydrogen burning O-star binaries in the LMC to be currently in the semi-detached phase. Our donor models are up to 25 times more luminous than single stars of an identical mass and effective temperature, which agrees with the observed Algols. A comparison of our models with the observed orbital periods and mass ratios implies rather conservative mass transfer in some systems, while a very inefficient one in others. This is generally well reproduced by our spin-dependent mass transfer algorithm, except for the lowest considered masses. The observations reflect the slow increase of the surface nitrogen enrichment of the donors during the semi-detached phase all the way to CNO equilibrium. We also investigate the properties of our models after core hydrogen depletion of the donor star, when these models correspond to Wolf-Rayet or helium+OB star binaries.

Conclusions. A dedicated spectroscopic survey of massive Algol systems may allow to derive the dependence of the efficiency of thermal timescale mass transfer on the binary parameters, as well as the efficiency of semiconvective mixing in the stellar interior. This would be a crucial step towards reliable binary models up to the formation of supernovae and compact objects.
Research on small-scale sand fracturing and puff technology
Authors: Wang Qian , Wu Zuohao , Zheng Jiapeng , Lu Junkai , Yu Menghong
Published: December 2021

Affected by complex fault blocks, sedimentary environment and reservoir physical properties, Jidong Oilfield generally develops small-scale sand bodies, accounting for 24.2% of the produced reserves of medium and low permeability reservoirs. Such sand bodies rely on elastic energy to develop and are difficult to use effectively. In this paper, through the three-dimensional hydraulic physical model experiment and the analysis of the oil layer-dry layer-mudstone mixed sand body, the reasons that affect the model parameters are obtained. The results show that: the length of the high-permeability reservoir area, the length of the intermediate-permeability dry layer area, the rate of change of permeability parameters, the viscosity of the construction fluid, and the construction displacement have an impact on the effect of fracturing enhanced injection energy storage.
Research on new transmission network planning considering adjustable comprehensive resources
Authors: Chen Zhenghua , Cao Junjie , Lu Shengzhi , Cao Yezhang , Zheng Shanshan , Yang Xiaonan
Published: December 2021

With the large-scale renewable energy grid integration, the problems of traditional transmission network planning methods, such as high investment, low utilization rate and difficulty in implementation, have gradually emerged. Therefore, in order to improve the level of new energy consumption, effectively improve the operation efficiency of power grid and optimize the investment benefit, this paper proposes a new mode of power grid planning based on adjustable integrated resources. This paper focuses on two key planning methods: new energy confidence capacity assessment methods and load forecasting methods considering demand side resources.Then the paper takes a city-level 220 KV power grid as an example, applies a new power grid planning method to carry out planning, and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed planning model and method.
Forecasting method of clean energy development potential considering sector coupling
Authors: Zhu Yu , Shen Weijie , Zhang Changhao , Ge Yangyang , Cai Danting
Published: December 2021

Sector coupling includes not only the coupling within energy sectors such as electricity, heat and gas, but also the coupling between energy sector and transportation sector, construction sector and industrial sector. This article introduces a method for measuring the development potential of clean energy based on sector coupling. First, the analysis model of electric energy substitution potential is constructed, the analysis object is determined, and the analysis object is quantified. On the basis of the definition of clean energy development potential, an IPAT model for electric energy substitution is constructed to realize the comprehensive evaluation of clean energy. Secondly, based on Markov theory to realize the sub-path calculation of the development potential of clean energy. Finally, based on the IPAT model and the decoupling theoretical model, this paper sets up three different alternative scenarios to make a more comprehensive prediction and analysis of the medium and long-term clean energy development potential, and applies the introduced measurement methods to the calculation of China’s clean energy development potential. The results show the effectiveness of the algorithm in the calculation of the development potential of clean energy based on sector coupling.
Discussion on Fine Characterization Technology of Single Sand Body in Fluvial Reservoir
Authors: Xu Mei
Published: December 2021

Fuyu oil layer of an oilfield is an ultra-low permeability oil layer. The remarkable characteristics of this oil layer are poor physical properties, low single well production, 2-4 layers of sand body longitudinally, large change frequency of plane upper layer and continuous characteristics. In order to realize effective oil layer development and ensure effective reservoir utilization. According to the poor physical properties of this oilfield, this paper analyzes the microscopic and macroscopic responsiveness of the reservoir, ensures effective permeability and thickness of permeable sand body, quantificationally depicts the plane distribution of permeable sand body, and effectively determines the distribution range of the reservoir according to the description of single sand body, thus providing a good technical means for subsequent scale production.
Analysis on the Important Application of Geophysical Exploration Technology
Authors: Yu Dan
Published: December 2021

Geophysical prospecting technology is widely used in current geological exploration, metal exploration, oil and gas resources exploration, etc. This technology has many advantages such as low cost, high efficiency and good accuracy of survey results, and plays an important role in many industries. At present, the level of geophysical prospecting technology in China is constantly improving, and its application effect is also constantly improving, so it is necessary to clarify the key application points of this technology. Therefore, this paper will conduct in-depth research and Analysis on the important applications of geophysical exploration technology, elaborate the basic concepts and specific applications of geophysical exploration technology, and put forward some reasonable opinions and measures, in order to further improve the application level of this technology.
Analysis of Fracturing Effect of Recovered Wells in Class II Oil Reservoirs and Practices to Safeguard Fracturing Result
Authors: Lin Lexiao
Published: December 2021

In recent years, as the polymer drive of the main class I oil reservoir has been transferred to the subsequent water drive development, the class II oil reservoir has gradually become the main target of the three times oil recovery development, compared with the class I oil reservoir, the class II oil reservoir has the characteristics of relatively poor oil reservoir development and strong non-homogeneity. With the effect of the second-class oil layer successively, the fracturing target is mainly the second-class oil layer, but the fracturing effect becomes worse year by year, and it is difficult to produce in the next step. Therefore, it is important to optimize well selection for fracturing. In this paper, we analyze the effect of fracturing wells in Class II reservoirs in recent years and summarize the factors affecting the effect of fracturing in Class II reservoirs and the practices to ensure the effect of fracturing in Class II reservoirs, so as to provide a reference basis for the selection of wells for Class II fracturing in the future, which is of certain significance.
Research Status of Brackish Water Desalination Technology
Authors: Yang Qiaonan , Hu Can , Li Jie , Yi Xiaokang , Zhang Jie , Sun Zhilin
Published: December 2021

The serious salinization of farmland soil and the shortage of water resources in arid areas are becoming more and more serious; In order to solve the problem of shortage of fresh water resources, find a resource that can be converted into fresh water; Brackish water is derived from farmland saline alkali land. Brackish water desalination technology has increased interest in scientists' research. However, brackish water can be used as an effective substitute for freshwater conversion because of its low salt concentration and can also be widely used in many water deficient countries. However, partial or total desalting of brackish water is essential to meet the water quality requirements of production and life. The selection of appropriate water resources desalination technology needs to understand the operation methods and technical means of the existing brackish water desalination process. Proper combination of desalination technologies can improve the efficiency of brackish water desalination. This review provides the latest advances in data, materials and categories that can help select and design requirements for specific applications.
Construction Progress of Deep Underground Salt Cavern Gas Storage and Challenges of its Drilling and Completion Technology
Authors: Zhang Yi , Niu Jun , Wenqi Ke Guoxing Chai , Zeng Hao
Published: December 2021

With the rapid development of the national economy and the increasing demand for energy, and the acceleration of natural gas storage strategies, underground gas storage has become more and more important in China’s oil and gas consumption and energy safety. Underground salt cavern gas storage has many advantages and is very suitable for gas storage and peak shaving。However, most of the underground salt rocks in China are layered salt beds, and some of the salt beds are deeply buried. This article introduces the development history of deep underground salt cavern gas storage and the technical challenges faced in the process of drilling and completion of salt cavern construction.
Experimental study on biological dehydration pretreatment of kitchen waste
Authors: Lin Yi , Sheng Jinliang
Published: December 2021

Aerobic fermentation treatment technology is one of the effective means of kitchen waste resource treatment at present. Due to the high moisture content of kitchen waste, dehydration pretreatment is needed before aerobic composting.At present, China usually adopts mechanical methods such as forced extrusion for dehydration treatment, which not only has high energy consumption, but also has high content of solid suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in sewage. Sewage is difficult to meet discharge standards.In this paper, biological dehydration technology is proposed to pretreat kitchen waste. Experiments show that biological dehydration pretreatment can dehydrate kitchen waste, effectively reduce the SS and COD values in sewage, which is of great significance to the resource treatment of kitchen waste.
Reservoir Development by Waterflooding and Reservoir Performance Analysis
Authors: Li Jiali
Published: December 2021

With the rapid development of China's society and economy, relevant industries get good development opportunities, and the demand for oil is increasing. The oil production in the oilfield is increasing day by day. At present, most oilfields gradually enter the middle and late stage of water injection exploitation, which increases the exploitation difficulty and reduces the exploitation amount. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of waterflooding reservoirs and reservoir performance is made to promote better and faster development of petroleum industry.
Analysis of main points of channel freezing-thawing disease in cold region and influence of channel base soil on the disease
Authors: Liang Liqing
Published: December 2021

The frozen soil area in China is more than two thirds of the total territory, so the problem of frost heave is obvious. Especially in northeast, northwest, north China and other cold regions, the problem of frost heave of hydraulic structures is very common. Canal is a common hydraulic structure in agricultural water, which is affected by seasonal frozen soil and may cause problems such as lining damage, seepage and irrigation efficiency. Therefore, this paper mainly summarizes the necessity of research on channel freezingthawing damage, the research direction of channel freezing-thawing damage, and expounds the influence of seasonal frozen soil on freezing and thawing diseases in cold regions by taking the particle size of saturated soil based on channel as an example.
Geophysical and geo-mechanical methods for estimating roof directional hydraulic fracturing works
Authors: Klishin Vladimir , Opruk Gleb , Teleguz Alexaner
Published: December 2021

Directional hydraulic fracturing method (DHF method) for controlling hard roof in coal mines and the means of its implementation is given in the paper. The method allows getting extended, set in a given direction cracks for stratification and cutting off the roof and for providing their controlled caving in different technological schemes. Geo-physical methods are introduced, the monitoring and the mine site experimental testing data on controlling the roofs applying the method of extraction pillar seismic testing on transmitted waves are studied. The experience of applying the method at Kuzbass mines are analyzed.
On one criterion for estimating technical condition of a mining machine reducing gear
Authors: Gerike Pavel , Gerike Boris
Published: December 2021

The developed Procedures for estimating technical condition of mining machines reducing units based on reference spectral masks got approval at the producer’s plant during run-in test at the testing facility and in industries. The approval results of the introduced criterion bear compelling evidence about the rectitude of the chosen approach for diagnosing sophisticated technical systems.
Digital twin: its concept and potential application in the coal industry
Authors: Korovin Denis , Grachev Vitaliy , Kulyushin Georgiy , Ivanov Danil
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the specific character of using digital twin technology in the coal industry. The key points and nuances of this technology application in the industry in general and in the coal industry in particular are discussed.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions during electric power production
Authors: Zastrelov Denis , Lukina Ekaterina , Snetova Ekaterina
Published: December 2021

The amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the “Energy sector” on the territory of the Russian Federation is presented. The estimate of potential for greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the energy sector is considered. Recommendations for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the “Energy sector” are provided.
Hybrid high-order method for singularly perturbed fourth-order problems on curved domains
Authors: Dong Zhaonan , Ern Alexandre
Published: December 2021

We propose a novel hybrid high-order method (HHO) to approximate singularly perturbed fourth-order PDEs on domains with a possibly curved boundary. The two key ideas in devising the method are the use of a Nitsche-type boundary penalty technique to weakly enforce the boundary conditions and a scaling of the weighting parameter in the stabilization operator that compares the singular perturbation parameter to the square of the local mesh size. With these ideas in hand, we derive stability and optimal error estimates over the whole range of values for the singular perturbation parameter, including the zero value for which a second-order elliptic problem is recovered. Numerical experiments illustrate the theoretical analysis.
Wenn nichts mehr geht: Der patellofemorale Gelenkersatz
Authors: Benignus Christian , Meier Malin , Best Raymond , Beckmann Johannes
Published: December 2021

Der patellofemorale Gelenkersatz stellt die beste verfügbare Therapieoption bei isolierter patellofemoraler Arthrose dar. Vor allem junge Patienten sollten mit möglichst knochensparender Technik unter Erhalt der Weichteile operiert werden, da sie mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit im Verlauf des Lebens revidiert werden. Die korrekte Patientenselektion ist wichtig für den Operationserfolg und sollte sowohl eine gründliche klinische Untersuchung als auch Bildgebung beinhalten. Hier ist vor allem auf zusätzliche Pathologien zu achten, die eventuell ebenfalls adressiert werden müssen. Für die Trochlea gibt es mit dem Inlay- und Onlay-System 2 verschiedene moderne Möglichkeiten der Versorgung. Ein Ersatz der retropatellaren Fläche sollte regelhaft erfolgen. Der patellofemorale Gelenkersatz wird immer noch selten durchgeführt, sodass eine Behandlung in spezialisierten Zentren empfohlen wird. Daten aus Endoprothesenregistern zeigen hohe Revisionsraten, während Daten aus Zentren vielversprechende Ergebnisse aufweisen.
Therapeutischer Ultraschall
Authors: Kosmeier Anna Lena
Published: December 2021

Therapeutischer Ultraschall ist ein häufig verordnetes
Behandlungsverfahren aus dem Bereich der physikalischen Therapien. Erste
Behandlungserfolge wurden 1939 bei der Behandlung von Myalgien und Neuralgien
beschrieben. Den Einzug in die Medizin fand der therapeutische Ultraschall bei
uns Anfang der 1950er Jahre 1. Dieser
Artikel soll einen Überblick geben über die Wirkweise und
Anwendung von Ultraschall.
The Impact of Cochlear Implantation: Cognitive Function, Quality of Life, and Frailty in Older Adults
Authors: Babajanian Eric E. , Patel Neil S. , Gurgel Richard K.
Published: December 2021

This review examines the relationship between cochlear implantation and cognition and quality of life in older adults, as well as how frailty affects outcomes for older patients with cochlear implants. A growing body of evidence suggests that there is a strong association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment. Preliminary studies suggest that cochlear implantation in older adults may be protective against cognitive decline. While studies have observed a positive impact of cochlear implantation on quality of life, currently it is unclear what factors contribute the most to improved quality of life. Frailty, as a measurement of general health, likely plays a role in complication rates and quality-of-life outcomes after cochlear implantation, though larger prospective studies are required to further elucidate this relationship.