bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speed shear rate impact on the properties of OSA-modified potato starch
Authors: Hidalgo-Tufiño Lizbeth , Adauto Anais , Velezmoro Carmen
Published: March 2023

The reaction between starch granules and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) is regularly retarded due to the low breakthrough of large oily OSA droplets into starch granules in an aqueous reaction system. Furthermore, high-speed shearing is widely used in the food industry, demanding high shear, cavitation, and collision force. In this sense, high-speed shearing could reduce the size of OSA droplets and promote a more homogeneous distribution of groups in the starch granule. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of OSA potato starch synthesis assisted by high-speed shear on structure (SEM and FTIR), gelatinization, rheology, and emulsifying activity (ES and AS) was investigated. The results showed a gradual increase in DS proportional to the applied speed. Likewise, the OSA starches showed a slight alteration in the shape of the granules (SEM), and FT-IR spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorption of the ester carbonyl groups in the OSA starch at 1724 cm-1. The high-speed shear-treated starches exhibited a significant change in the reduction of the initial gelatinization temperature, although not in the enthalpy. All the gels presented rheology adjusted to the Herschel-Bulkley model with variations in the initial shear stress. Changes in the viscoelastic behavior are proportional to the shear rate detected. High-speed shear treatment did not show a significant effect on emulsion stability (ES) and emulsion activity (EA). Consequently, applying high shear rates allows having OSA starches with different uses.
Evaluating the Impact of Technology Transfer from the Perspective of Entrepreneurial Capacity
Authors: Paredes-Leon Francisco , Rodriguez-Salvador Marisela , Castillo-Valdez Pedro F.
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the benefits of and barriers to technology transfers from academia to industry perceived by entrepreneurs and particularly associated with the dimensions of Entrepreneurial Capacity. This study is one of the first in which the analysis of the topic goes beyond the high-tech sectors. It is based on a survey of representatives of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) dedicated to the production of Leather and Footwear in Peru. The main findings were that the Absorption Capability dimension had a positive relationship coefficient with the understanding of the benefits of and barriers to technology transfers, while the Networking Diversity dimension presented a negative relationship coefficient. Likewise, this study shows that the main barriers to technology transfer were the fear of information leaks and the lack of training. The results of this research can add value to decision makers in industry, academia, and government agencies interested in science and technology policies.
Educational Program Evaluation System in a Medical School
Authors: Yune So-Jung , Lee Sang-Yeoup , Im Sunju
Published: March 2023

A systematic educational program evaluation system for continuous quality improvement in undergraduate medical education is essential. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are two distinct but complementary processes referred to in an evaluation system that emphasizes formative purpose. Monitoring involves regular data collection for tracking process and results, while evaluation requires periodic judgment for improvement. We have recently completed implementing an educational evaluation using the M&E concept in a medical school. The evaluation system consists of two loops, one at the lesson/course level and the other at the phase/graduation level. We conducted evaluation activities in four stages: planning, monitoring, evaluation, and improvement. In the planning phase, we clarified the purpose of evaluation, formulated a plan to engage stakeholders, determined evaluation criteria and indicators, and developed an evaluation plan. Next, during the monitoring phase, we developed evaluation instruments and methods and then collected data. In the evaluation phase, we analyzed results and evaluated the criteria of the two loops. Finally, we reviewed the evaluation results with stakeholders to make improvements. We have recognized several problems including excessive burden, lack of expertise, insufficient consideration of stakeholders’ evaluation questions, and inefficient data collection. We need to share the value of evaluation and build a system gradually.
The Application of Cognitive Teaching and Learning Strategies to Instruction in Medical Education
Authors: Yeo Sanghee
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine teaching strategies from cognitive learning theory applied to medical education and to present specific applications of the strategies and cases. The results of this study yielded (1) seven teaching strategies and specific sample activities that instructors can use based on learning processes in medical schools; (2) nine instructional events to which cognitive learning strategies were applied; (3) principles of curriculum design from a cognitive perspective; and (4) instruction cases employing cognitive teaching strategies. Cognitive learning theory has two implications: first, if instructors in medical schools apply the results of the study to design a class and curriculum, it would be possible for them to minimize cognitive loading of the learners that may stem from ineffective teaching strategies or curricula; second, cognitive teaching strategies that seek improvement in thinking skills could provide useful teaching strategies for medical education, which aims to develop experts with high-level thinking processes. In this sense, cognitive learning theory is not an out-of-date learning theory, but one that can be effectively applied in current medical education.
Current Status and Future Direction of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medical Education
Authors: Jung Jin Sup
Published: March 2023

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), including deep learning, has led to the development of technologies that may assist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, prediction of disease risk and prognosis, health index monitoring, drug development, and healthcare management and administration. However, in order for AI technology to improve the quality of medical care, technical problems and the efficacy of algorithms should be evaluated in real clinical environments rather than the environment in which algorithms are developed. Further consideration should be given to whether these models can improve the quality of medical care and clinical outcomes of patients. In addition, the development of regulatory systems to secure the safety of AI medical technology, the ethical and legal issues related to the proliferation of AI technology, and the impacts on the relationship with patients also need to be addressed. Systematic training of healthcare personnel is needed to enable adaption to the rapid changes in the healthcare environment. An overall review and revision of undergraduate medical curriculum is required to enable extraction of significant information from rapidly expanding medical information, data science literacy, empathy/compassion for patients, and communication among various healthcare providers. Specialized postgraduate AI education programs for each medical specialty are needed to develop proper utilization of AI models in clinical practice.
Q‐Methodology Study on Medical Students’ Perceptions of Good Jobs
Authors: Lee Jaemu , Park Kyung Hye
Published: March 2023

This study investigated medical students’ perceptions of good jobs. We classified medical students’ perceptions of good jobs and analyzed the characteristics of each type. The Q methodology was used to extract medical students’ subjective thoughts. After extracting statements based on previous studies, 46 Q samples were selected. The P sample consisted of 40 medical students divided evenly by gender and grade. They performed a Q sort of the 46 Q sample questionnaire and the results were analyzed using the QUANL ver. 1.2 program. Very few consensus statements were found in the replies. We divided answers into four types, each of which was clearly distinguished: (1) quality of life-oriented jobs, (2) reward-oriented jobs, (3) service-oriented jobs, and (4) self-realization-oriented jobs. Medical students in type 1 prioritized quality of life equally at work and at home. Medical students in type 2 preferred high-paying jobs. Medical students in type 3 placed importance on serving others. Finally, medical students in type 4 viewed good jobs as involving learning and development. The types of jobs sought were classified according to individual students’ values and subjectivity. Medical schools may use the results of this study as a basis for career guidance.
Current Status of ‘Professional Identity Formation’ Education in the Medical Professionalism Curriculum in Korea
Authors: Lee Young-Hee
Published: March 2023

This study examined the current status of the medical professionalism curriculum in Korea to suggest a plan to move towards the formation of a professional identity. Professionalism education data from 28 Korean medical schools were analyzed, including the number of courses, required or elective status, corresponding credits, major course contents, and teaching and evaluation methods. Considerable variation was found in the number of courses and credits in the professionalism curriculum between medical schools. The course contents were structured to expand learners’ experiences, including the essence and knowledge of professionalism, understanding of oneself, social interaction with others, and the role of doctors in society and the healthcare system. The most common teaching methods were lectures and discussions, while reflective writing, coaching, feedback, and role models were used by fewer than 50% of medical schools. Written tests, assignments and reports, discussions, and presentations were frequently used as evaluation methods, but portfolio and self-evaluation rates were relatively low. White coat ceremonies were conducted in 96.2% of medical schools, and 22.2% had no code of conduct. Based on the above results, the author suggests that professional identity formation should be explicitly included in learning outcomes and educational contents, and that professional identity formation courses need to be added to each year of the program. The author also proposes the need to expand teaching methods such as reflective writing, feedback, dilemma discussion, and positive role models, to incorporate various evaluation methods such as portfolios, self-assessment, and moral reasoning, and to strengthen faculty development.
Medical Educators’ Response to Changes in Medical Education due to COVID‐19
Authors: Lee I Re , Jung Hanna , Lee Yewon , Shin Jae Il , An Shinki
Published: March 2023

To analyze medical professors’ evaluation of their online education experiences in an attempt to support faculty members and indicate the future direction of medical education. Faculty members who taught online in the first semester of 2020 at Yonsei University College of Medicine in South Korea were surveyed. The results of the survey were analyzed in June 2020. There were 88 respondents (35.1% of 251): 59 professors (67.0%), 16 associate professors (18.2%), and 13 assistant professors (14.8%). Their specialties lay in basic medicine (25.0%), clinical medicine (65.9%), and research and special purposes (9.1%). Sixteen participants (18.2%) had previous experience in online lectures; 23 (26.1%) reported that preparation time for online lectures was the same as before; 65 (73.9%) reported that the preparation time had increased; 38 (43.2%) faced difficulties in preparation and lecturing online, and among them 16 (42.1%) indicated inadequate interaction with students; 11 (28.9%) needed extra preparation time; and 11 (28.9%) attributed their difficulties to technical issues with the online platform. Participants’ satisfaction with online lectures was low (p
Analysis of Role Modeling Experiences and Reflection Level of Fourth‐Year Medical Students at a Single Medical College: A Focus on the Clinical Clerkship
Authors: Lee Sangmi Teresa , Park Kyung Hye , Park Yon Chul , Yeh Byung-il
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to analyze the subjects, situations, and reflection levels related to role modeling experienced by medical students during their clinical clerkship and their own reflections. This study intends to suggest ways of improving how residents and clinical faculty should treat and teach medical students. Written interviews were conducted regarding senior medical students’ role modeling experiences during their clinical clerkships in 2018 and 2019. Content analysis was conducted for a total of 224 cases from 196 students. Content analysis revealed three types of role modeling content: subjects (faculty, residents, nurses, peer students), situations (clinical competence, personal qualities, teaching skills), and the level of reflection (critical reflection, reflection, thoughtful action, and habitual action) in each case. As role model subjects, faculty were found to be the paramount role model (n=142, 62.83%). Role modeling was the most frequently performed for clinical competence (n=103, 45.98%). Clinical competence was frequently shown in communication and empathic listening during rounds and outpatient relationships between the patient and doctor. Regarding the level of reflection for role modeling, the number of critical reflections was 86 (38.39%) and that of reflections was 80 (35.71%). In particular, negative role modeling showed a high level of critical reflection in relation to faculty (64.44%) and nurses (8.89%). In conclusion, role modeling of medical students participating in clinical clerkships occurs in situations that the role models are not aware of, with positive or negative effects on the formation of professional identity among medical students.
Patient-Centered Doctor’s Competency Framework in Korea
Authors: Jeon Woo Taek , Jung Hanna , Kim Young-Jon , Kim Chanwoong , Yune Sojung , Lee Geon Ho , Im Sunju , Lee Sun-Woo
Published: March 2023

With increasing demands for medical care by society, the medical system, and general citizens and rapid changes in doctor’s awareness, the competencies required of doctors are also changing. The goal of this study was to develop a doctor’s competency framework from the patient’s perspective, and to make it the basis for the development of milestones and entrustable professional activities for each period of medical student education and resident training. To this end, a big data analysis using topic modeling was performed on domestic and international research papers (2011–2020), domestic newspaper articles (2016–2020), and domestic social networking service data (2016–2020) related to doctor’s competencies. Delphi surveys were conducted twice with 28 medical education experts. In addition, a survey was conducted on doctor’s competencies among 1,000 citizens, 407 nurses, 237 medical students, 361 majors, and 200 specialists. Through the above process, six core competencies, 16 sub-competencies, and 47 competencies were derived as subject-oriented doctor’s competencies. The core competencies were: (1) competency related to disease and health as an expert; (2) competency related to patients as a communicator; (3) competency related to colleagues as a collaborator; (4) competency related to society as a health care leader (5) competency related to oneself as a professional, and (6) competency related to academics as a scholar who contributes to the development of medicine.
Erectile function evaluation in patients after urethroplasty: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chinenov D. V. , Shpot E. V. , Ismailov H. M. , Proskura A. V. , Chernov Ya. N. , Rapoport L. M. , Korolev D. O. , Gerasimov A. N.
Published: March 2023

Background. The success of surgical treatment of urethral strictures is often assessed in terms of the quality of urination and the patency of the urethral lumen. Despite the fact that this assessment is carried out according to the above parameters, it seems important to take into account such a possible complication as erectile dysfunction, which can significantly impair the patient’s quality of life. This is the difference in the perception of the success of the surgical intervention by the clinician and the patient.

Aim. To determine the relationship between urethroplasty and the likelihood of erectile dysfunction in the postoperative period according to world literature.

Materials and methods. The PubMed database was analyzed using the keywords: anterior urethroplasty, posterior urethroplasty, urethroplasty, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction. All articles were reviewed by two independent authors for inclusion based on predetermined criteria. Among the included scientific papers are randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews.

Results. Sixteen scientific papers with a total of 1476 patients were included in the final study. The decrease in erectile function after surgery in this meta-analysis is 3 %. The main factors influencing postoperative parameters were age and erectile function at the time of surgery.

Conclusion. Most studies state that urethroplasty does not imply a significant impact on erectile function, however, they acknowledge that the occurrence of this complication affects the assessment of treatment outcomes among patients and the further impact on their quality of life, regardless of postoperative urinary function.
Improving the choice of surgical tactics in geriatric patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Leshchenko I. G. , Bratchikov O. I. , Akimov A. I. , Zhilyaeva Yu. A.
Published: March 2023

Background. The analysis of modern scientific literature indicates that if the list of indications for elective surgery in geriatric patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) meets the requirements of urological practice, then the contraindications for this operation clearly do not correspond to them.

Aim. Based on the current list of contraindications to elective surgery in geriatric patients with BPH, to develop rational surgical tactics aimed at reducing the frequency and severity of postoperative complications and deaths.

Materials and methods. Examination and treatment of 295 geriatric patients with stage 2 BPH (main group A) who underwent planned transurethral resection of the prostate or transpusical adenomectomy in the period from 2007 to 2015 at the Samara Regional Clinical Hospital of War Veterans (the clinical base of the First Research Institute of Clinical Gerontology and Rehabilitation of War Veterans of the Medical University “Reaviz”). During this period, 116 geriatric patients with stage 2 BPH (main group B) using the author’s list of contraindications, elective surgery was contraindicated. They underwent conservative treatment. The control group consisted of 344 geriatric patients with stage 2 BPH who underwent elective transurethral resection of the prostate or transpusical adenomectomy in the same Hospital from 2000 to 2006, taking into account the contraindications to these operations that existed at that time. The age of patients in all groups was from 60 to 89 years.

Results. The use of this list made it possible to establish among 116 patients (main group B) excretory absolute contraindications to surgery were performed in 48.3 % of patients, relative present contraindications of the second – in 33.6 %, temporary contraindications of rendering – in 13.8 %, a special contraindication to transurethral resection of the prostate – in 1.7 %, special contraindications to transvesical adenomectomy – in 2.6 %, which contributed to the prevention of possible postoperative complications and deaths among them.

Conclusion. The clinical expediency of using the author’s approach to the choice of surgical tactics, taking into account contraindications to elective surgery in geriatric patients of the main group A, compared with patients of the control group, consisted in reducing of postoperative complications and deaths and increasing of good immediate treatment results among them.
Relationship between seminal plasma cytokine levels and asthenozoospermia in infertile men
Authors: Muradian A. A. , Gamidov S. I. , Popova A. U. , Ovchinnikov R. I. , Shatylko T. V.
Published: March 2023

Background. Violation of male fertility can have various causes, one of which is a decrease in sperm motility. In the pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia, some bioactive substances, in particular cytokines, may be involved.

Aim. To estimate the number of the most studied cytokines to date in the ejaculate of infertile men with normozoospermia and patients with asthenozoospermia.

Materials and methods. We examined 38 infertile patients with normozoospermia and 10 men with asthenozoospermia, comparable in age. All participants in the study were performed a spermogram and an analysis to determine the amount of the cytokines in seminal plasma, such as interleukins 1β, 2, 4–8, 10, 12, 13, 17, G-CSF, GM-CSF, interferon γ, MCP-1, MIP-1β and tumor necrosis factor α. Then, using nonparametric statistics, the relationship between the level of the above cytokines and the presence of asthenozoospermia was analyzed.

Results. As a result, we were able to find out that there is a relationship between the concentration of interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and MIP-1β and sperm motility.

Conclusion. Further research is needed to assess whether these bioactive inflammatory mediators have potential relevance for use as targets in the treatment of male infertility.
Right-sided scrotal varicocele in a patient with situs inversus totalis: case report
Authors: Komarov A. S. , Naumov N. P. , Shcheplev P. A. , Stoletov Ya. A. , Konyshev A. V. , Bazunov D. S. , Bunak S. A. , Gagai K. V. , Faniev M. V. , Suleymanov S. I.
Published: March 2023

Isolated varicocele on the right is a fairly rare disease, often associated with neoplastic processes affecting the spermatic vein system. According to new data, there is no clear relationship between varicocele on the right and neoplasms. Thus, the etiology isjustifiably related to other conditions. Mirror transposition of internal organsis one of them. Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital anomaly with an incidence of 1 in 10,000 newborns. The etiology of right varicocele in SIT, given the structure of the right spermatic vein that flows into the renal, with the exclusion of other causes, can be considered similar to left varicocele in normal men, including venous valve insufficiency and venous pressure difference. Indications for surgery and the choice of surgical technique also do not differ. The fact of the rarity of published materials on the treatment of varicocele on the right side against the background of SIT prompted us to share this clinical case.
Don’t jump to conclusion – priapism in acute spinal cord injury: a case presentation
Authors: Yusof M. R. , Afiq O. , Khairul-Asri M. G.
Published: March 2023

Priapism is an uncommon urology emergency. However, if detected late and not classified correctly and treatment not appropriately given can cause necrosis and fibrosis of penis. This will lead to permanent erectile dysfunction and can be devastating to patient. Literature of Spinal Cord Injury with priapism is rare and not many reported. We have a case of young gentleman with priapism secondary to spinal cord injury. It was detected early and treated promptly and patient had good outcome with no evidence of permanent erectile dysfunction.
Microsurgical treatment of varicocele with intraoperative Doppler control (literature review)
Authors: Chernushenko A. S. , Akhvlediani N. D. , Reva I. A. , Pushkar D. Yu.
Published: March 2023

Microsurgical subinguinal ligation of the veins of the spermatic cord (Marmara operation) is the “gold standard” treatment of varicocele. Currently, the use of an operating microscope and microsurgical instruments to perform this operation has proven its effectiveness. The question of the expediency of using intraoperative dopplerography remains a subject of discussion.

The analysis of 23 articles using the MEDLINE database (PubMed) was carried out. The data on the efficacy and safety of microsurgical subinguinal correction of varicocele with and without intraoperative dopplerography are compared. The use of intraoperative dopplerography in microsurgical subinguinal correction of varicocele allows achieving the best treatment results.
Progesterone and prostate: a history of scientific study and the modern view of the problem
Authors: Grekov E. A. , Tyuzikov I. A. , Smirnov A. V.
Published: March 2023

From the moment of discovery until recently, scientific and practical interest in progesterone has been focused exclusively on female reproductive endocrinology and obstetrics and gynecology. At the same time, the potential role of progesterone in the male endocrine, reproductive and genitourinary systems from the standpoint of the historically established interpretation of this sex steroid hormone only as a female steroid with predominantly reproductive and antiproliferative effects has remained in the shadow of research for many decades. However, over the past two decades, interesting data has begun to accumulate that progesterone is just as important for men as for women. Moreover, in both sexes progesterone performs not only classical (reproductive) effects, but also has a wide range of so-called non-classical (non-productive) effects, which make it possible to call it a kind of “gray cardinal” of steroidogenesis. In the review article, based on the available literature, general and particular issues of endocrinology of progesterone in the male body are considered. The questions of the physiological role of progesterone in maintaining the hormonal and metabolic status of the prostate gland and the mechanisms of its participation in the pathogenesis of various prostate diseases are covered in more detail.
Historical and modern views on the problem of prostatolithiasis
Authors: Nazarov T. Kh. , Abulboqiev U. V.
Published: March 2023

In the literature review the authors present data on the history of the development of diagnostics and treatment of patients with prostatolithiasis and basic information about the most effective methods of treatment of this urological nosology. Prostatolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the prostate in which, due to various etiological factors, stones are formed in the parenchyma of the prostate gland. Due to the lack of a single diagnostic algorithm, there is no accurate epidemiological information on the prevalence of prostate stones. According to various authors, this figure starts from 7.35 % and reaches 88.6 %. Depending on the localization, prostate stones are divided into endogenous, exogenous and mixed. Asymptomatic course, polyetiological pathogenesis, frequent recurrences of the inflammatory process in the prostate gland with the subsequent appearance of symptoms of the lower urinary tract, sclerosis of the prostate and bladder neck determine the extremely important role of this pathology. Prostatolithiasis, due to its specific clinical course, continues to be one of the most poorly studied problems in men of active working age, as well as in elderly men.
Erectile dysfunction in patients after kidney transplantation and nephrectomy in living donors: literature review
Authors: Kadyrov Z. A. , Odilov A. Yu. , Sadulloev F. S. , Faniev M. V. , Suleymanov S. I. , Rossoshanskaya E. I.
Published: March 2023

Аnalysis of the world literature shows that sexual dysfunction is a common problem in patients with chronic renal failure and after kidney transplantation in both men and women, which requires proper attention of specialists. The etiology of sexual dysfunction remains multifactorial and is associated with the level of azotemia, comorbidities, age, anemia, hormonal disorders, autonomic neuropathy, vascular diseases, hyperparathyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, drug side effects, and psychosocial factors. Sexual dysfunctions have a serious impact on the quality of social and family life of patients. On the one hand, in most cases, there is an increase in life expectancy and an improvement in the quality of life of patients after kidney transplantation. Due to the normalization of hormonal disorders, it improves sexual health (libido), overall health and fertility. On the other hand, after kidney transplantation, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction still remains at 46 % in both men and women. After kidney transplantation, erectile function in many patients improves and some recover. However, not all authors note an improvement in sexual dysfunction after kidney transplantation and leave the problem open. Conservative therapy with oral forms of drugs is most advantageous compared to cavernous injections or surgical treatment, if it does not affect the function of the graft. Sexual disorders after kidney transplantation remain a multifactorial disorder, and methods of their correction, especially in young patients, remain an urgent problem and require further study.
Minimally invasive techniques of urethral stricture treatment and their use in patients of pediatric age (literature review)
Authors: Ladygina E. A. , Demin N. V. , Nikolayev V. V. , Faniev M. V. , Suleymanov S. I.
Published: March 2023

Urethralstricture remains one of the most discussed problemsin pediatric urology. Despite a significant number of articles and the existence of a wide variety of methods for treating urethral strictures and their modifications, every new generation of urologists encounters this problem.

Treatment of urethralstricture often takes a long time and requires multiple surgical interventions. Treatment techniques continuously improve, therefore it is appropriate to regularly summarize new data. Such methods as bougienage, balloon dilation and urethralstenting are still being used, although as early asin the beginning of the 19th century the first types of such modern method as optical internal urethrotomy were developed. In relation to optical internal urethrotomy, discussions on indications, techniques, duration of catheterization, necessity of combination with intermittent catheterization, use of hormonal drugs continue. The question of the number of attempts to perform urethrotomy also remains controversial.

In this review, we tried to clarify the problem of use of minimally invasive techniques for urethral stricture treatment in children in the context of current scientific data and historical aspects.
Use of neuromodulation techniques in children with bladder and bowel dysfunction
Authors: Sottayeva Z. Z.
Published: March 2023

One of the urgent problems in modern pediatric urology is a significant range of diseases associated with various dysfunctions of the bladder and rectum, which leads to the search for new effective methods that restore bladder function. From 20 to 40 % of cases of pelvic organ dysfunction in children are resistant to conservative treatment, which suggests that the use of a modern method of physiotherapy – electrical nerve stimulation – can be a treatment method when other methods do not have the desired effect.
Clinical and economic analysis of different surgical approaches for benign prostatic hyperplasia (literature review)
Authors: Volkov S. N. , Grigoryan O. R. , Mokrysheva N. G. , Andreeva E. N. , Mikheev R. K. , Tereshchenko V. I. , Kolontarev K. B.
Published: March 2023

Wide spectrum of surgical techniques and approaches is used nowadays for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Every method is chosen individually for every patient depending on clinical and anamnestic data, ratio risk/ratio and surgeon’s professional skills. Debits for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia have a trend for annual increasement in countries with demographic aging. Present article is dedicated to overview of financial and economic aspects of main surgical techniques: open simple prostatectomy, transurethral resection and laser enucleation.
Validation of a questionnaire on pelvic organ function for neurological patients in Russia
Authors: Korshunova E. S. , Yusupova D. G. , Zimin A. A. , Pyatnitskaya T. M. , Zaitsev A. B. , Yatsko K. A. , Polekhina N. V. , Belova N. V. , Korshunov M. N. , Korshunov D. M. , Darenkov S. P. , Suponeva N. A. , Sakakibara R.
Published: March 2023

Background. Dysfunction of the bladder and intestinal tract, as well as sexual disorders, can be caused by pathologies of the pelvic organs themselves or changes in the control of these organs by the nervous system. Modern questionnaires are organ-specific and are intended for specific neurological disorders. Questionnaire on pelvic organ function is a valuable instrument for evaluation of complaints from neurological patients, therefore there is a necessity of creating an official adapted Russian version.

Aim. Creation of a Russian-language version of the pelvic organ function questionnaire and its validation on a cohort of patients with neurological diseases.

Materials and methods. Following international standards, validation of the questionnaire included linguistic and cultural adaptation and assessment of its psychometric properties. Approval of the Russian-language questionnaire version was obtained directly from the developer, Ryuji Sakakibara. The questionnaire was tested twice – before and after treatment. There were 48 patients over 18 years old (18 with Parkinson’s disease, 15 with multiple sclerosis, and 15 post-stroke).

Results. The Median (IQR) age of patients was 56.5 (42–70.5) years. A Russian-language version of the questionnaire was developed during linguistic and cultural adaptation. This version of the questionnaire is posted in the text of this publication. It is also available on the website of the validation group of the international scales and questionnaires of the Research Center of Neurology. At the 2nd stage of validation, it was shown that the mean score in the sample was 2.03 ± 0.52 per question upon admission to the hospital and decreased significantly to 1.91 ± 0.51 per question on discharge (Wilcoxon test, p ˂ 0.0001). It confirms the questionnaire’s high sensitivity to changes in the clinical picture. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.82 (p ˂ 0.001).It indicates the high level of internal consistency of the questionnaire. Significant Spearman’s coefficients prove criterion validity of the studied questionnaire compared to the established questionnaires.

Conclusion. This Russian-language version of the pelvic organ function questionnaire is a useful assessment tool for patients’ complaints and disease dynamics. This work is valuable as an example of adapting a foreign scale or questionnaire to the local health care system.
Possibilities and prospects of targeted therapy for persistent human papillomavirus infection
Authors: Kaptilnyy Vitaliy A. , Efimova Viktoriya A. , Lazarenko Anna N.
Published: March 2023

Although most human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are transient and disappear within a few years of exposure, 10%20% of infections persist latently, leading to disease progression, and ultimately various forms of invasive cancer. Despite the clinical efficacy of recently developed polyvalent prophylactic HPV vaccines, these preventive measures are not effective against pre-existing infections. In addition, given the difficulties associated with HPV, in areas with limited access to preventive vaccination, the development of effective treatments to control persistent infection remains an imperative need.
This review discusses not only the mechanisms underlying persistent HPV infection but also the prospect of immunomodulatory therapeutic vaccines and small molecule inhibitors that aim to enhance the hosts immune response against viral infection and hinder critical virus-host interactions.
The present review describes various oncogenic mechanisms of HPV infection at the level of the host cell genome. Special attention has been paid to the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with persistent HPV infection, which leads to the formation of a risk group for the development of neoplasia among those with asymptomatic virus carriage.
Phenomenon of hormone-dependent polyneoplasia of the female reproductive system
Authors: Klyukina Lidiya A. , Sosnova Elena A. , Ishchenko Anton A. , Davydov Mikhail M.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Primary multiplicity of malignant tumors of the female reproductive system is the least studied area of clinical oncology. In addition, the steady rise in the number of patients and various localizations of polyneoplasia with lesions of the female reproductive organs necessitate a detailed study of this problem.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors and describe the clinical aspects of polyneoplasia of the female reproductive system for 20102021 in women seen at the Medical and Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, and the University Clinical Hospital No. 4 of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the case records of 147 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of polyneoplasia of the female reproductive system for 20102021, which accounted for 3.6% of all newly diagnosed neoplasms of the female reproductive system in the above medical institutions. Moreover, a continuous sampling method was used.
RESULTS: Breast cancer was the most frequent first tumor, combined with cancer of the contralateral breast in 27 (42.1%) patients, cancer of the uterine body in 4 (6.25%) patients, ovarian cancer in 4 (6.25%) patients, colon cancer in 4 (6.25%) patients, and thyroid cancer in 1 (1.5%) patient. Cancer of the uterine body was combined with breast cancer in 10 (35.7%) patients, ovarian cancer in 2 (7.1%) patients, thyroid cancer in 2 (7.1%) patients, and colon cancer in 3 (11.1%) patients. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma, pathogenic variant I was determined in 20 (71.4%) cases according to the histological structure. Thyroid cancer was detected in 7 (5.6%) cases; in all cases, it developed metachronously, and it was combined as the initial tumor with breast cancer in 1 (14.3%) case, uterine body cancer in 2 (28.5%) cases, and ovarian cancer in 1 (14.3%) case. As the second tumor, it was also combined with uterine body cancer in 2 (28.5%) cases and ovarian cancer in 1 (14.3%) case. The risk factors assessment led to the identification of several factors that are common in patients with hormone-dependent forms of primary multiple cancer, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, irregular menstrual cycle, history of proliferative diseases of the mammary glands, intake of thyroid drugs, uterine hyperplastic processes, and hypothyroidism.
CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the different aspects of the development and course of hormone-dependent polyneoplasia of the female reproductive system will help in developing approaches for follow-up monitoring of women who have been treated for a primary tumor and are at risk of developing a subsequent tumor of hormone-dependent organs, to prevent the recurrence of the disease and predict the subsequent tumor and ensure its timely detection.
Assessment of the risk of progression of purulent-inflammatory complications and the possibility of organ-preserving surgeries in puerperas with obstetric peritonitis
Authors: Dabuzov Abakar Sh.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to improve the results (justify the possibility) of organ-preserving surgeries in puerperas with peritonitis after cesarean section, through a comprehensive assessment of the clinical and laboratory parameters of operated patients based on mathematical analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, comparative cohort study was performed in parallel groups of puerperas whose delivery was performed by cesarean section, and the postoperative period was complicated by suture dehiscence on the uterus with symptoms of peritonitis. A total of 428 patients, distributed into two groups, were examined, and treated. The main group included 194 puerperas who, in accordance with the prognosis, retained the possibility of undergoing organ-preserving surgery; the comparison group included 234 puerperas with a high risk of progression of purulent inflammatory complications, and who underwent hysterectomy. In the main group, after the laparotomy was conducted again, lymphotropic therapy was performed, optimized by laser irradiation of regional lymph nodes. Patients in the comparison group received conventional treatment.
RESULTS: Based on the developed scale for the risk of progression of purulent-inflammatory complications after cesarean section, the conditions for organ-preserving surgery and the technology for intensive care after relaparotomy were determined. The sensitivity of the prognostic model was 93.3%, and the specificity was 87.7%. Only 2 (1.03%) of the 194 patients in the main group showed progression of purulent-inflammatory complications after organ-preserving surgery, which required relaparotomy, and hysterectomy.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that there remains a possibility for performing organ-preserving surgeries in case of peritonitis after cesarean section, provided there is no decompensated stage of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure.
Cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the Republic of Bashkortostan: The role of human papillomavirus in the development of cervical cancer
Authors: Lyalina Gulnara Z. , Yashchuk Al’fiya G. , Zainullina Raisa M. , Izmailov Adel A.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Malignant neoplasms (MNs) have been the most urgent problem in medicine worldwide for more than a decade. The steady increase in morbidity and mortality from oncological diseases has led to socio-demographic problems and high economic costs.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer (CC) in the Republic of Bashkortostan over a 6-year period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted from 2015 to 2020 according to the reporting form Information on malignant neoplasms. The data were evaluated based on the analysis of statistical data on morbidity and mortality from MNs in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Russian Federation. Cartography was conducted using the R software, ggplot2 package. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10 program. Standardized indicators were used to analyze morbidity and mortality.
RESULTS: In the Russian Federation, 299,967 newly diagnosed MN cases in women were recorded in 2020. The most significant cause of oncological morbidity in women is MNs of the reproductive system (38.8%), where tumors of the genital organs account for 17.6% of all MNs in women. The standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer in 2020 was 13.67 per 100,000 population in the Russian Federation, and 10.9 per 100,000 population in the Republic of Bashkortostan.
CONCLUSIONS: The process of CC development is quite long, and it should be diagnosed and treated at the dysplastic stage. The necessity of introducing HPV testing into widespread practice for the rapid screening of CC is obvious. Moreover, the primary prevention of CC by vaccination against the human papillomavirus of high carcinogenic risk is also important.
Obstetric and perinatal aspects of asymptomatic bacteriuria in underage pregnant women
Authors: Sitdikova Dinara G. , Fatkullina Irina B. , Galiullina Liana A.
Published: March 2023

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the course of pregnancy in underage pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, comparative analysis of the outpatient records of 70 underage pregnant women was performed. The mean age of the patients was 15.31.7 years. The main group included 35 patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB), and the control group consisted of 35 patients without asymptomatic bacteriuria. The patients were monitored during the entire period of pregnancy and childbirth. Based on the conducted research, a combination of therapeutic measures was formed.
RESULTS: Escherichia coli was shown to be the main causative agent, revealed during the examination; childhood infections, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and sexually transmitted infections were identified as triggering factors for the manifestation of asymptomatic bacteriuria. More complications were observed in underage pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria than in pregnant women without AB.
CONCLUSIONS: The main condition for a successful course of pregnancy in women with AB is the timely diagnosis of the disease and the implementation of therapeutic measures aimed at preventing its associated complications.
Anti-parietal cell antibody positivity in women with poor obstetric history and skin disorders: significance of preconception counseling
Authors: BEKSAC Burcu , DONMEZ Hanife Guler , CAGAN Murat , BEKSAC M.sinan
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was vto demonstrate the impact of anti-parietal cell antibody (APCA) positivity in women with poor obstetric history and skin disorders.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort consisted of 63 women having skin disorders and poor obstetric history. Patients were grouped into the control (women with skin disorders only, n=50) and study groups (women with skin disorders and APCA positivity, n=13). The study groups were compared in terms of demographic findings, BOI, and risk factors for placenta-related obstetric complications.

Results: APCA (+) and APCA (–) groups showed no statistically significant difference in terms of demographic findings such as age, gravidity, parity, BOI, and the number of miscarriages.. We have demonstrated that 69.2% (9/13) of the APCA (+) cases have two or more skin diseases, while 34% of APCA (-) women have multiple skin diseases. There was a statistically significant difference between APCA (+) and APCA (–) groups in terms of the presence of single or multiple skin diseases (p=0.029). We could not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between APCA (+) and APCA (–) patients in terms of the presence of risk factors for obstetric complications such as immune system problems, MTHFR polymorphisms, hereditary thrombophilia, and diabetes mellitus type-2.

Conclusion: APCA positivity which is a risk factor for obstetric complications might be a good indicator used to identify susceptibility to multiple skin disorders during preconception counseling.
Формирование познавательного интереса в старшем дошкольном возрасте в процессе ознакомления с окружающим миром
Authors: Головина Е.И.
Published: March 2023

В данной статье изучена проблема формирования познавательного интереса в старшем дошкольном возрасте в процессе ознакомления с окружающим миром. Также приведены особенности и педагогические условия, способствующие формированию познавательного интереса старших дошкольников через познания окружающего мира.
Деятельность и ответственность медицинского работника. Правовая защищенность
Authors: Михневич Е.А. , Закирянова А.А.
Published: March 2023

В данной статье затрагиваются вопросы о возможных последствиях в ходе профессиональной деятельности медицинского работника, способы и методы регулирования юридической ответственности, а также правовая защищенность как пациента, так и врача. Так же рассмотрены причины возникновения врачебных ошибок и иных форм причинения вреда здоровью. Представлены выдержки из основные законодательных и нормативноправовых документов, регулирующих деятельность врача и медицинского учреждения, а также ответственность пациента