bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical phenotypes of delirium in patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Ko Ryoung-Eun , Kim Sungeun , Lee Jihye , Park Sojin , Bae Daehwan , Choi Ki Hong , Park Taek Kyu , Chung Chi Ryang , Yang Jeong Hoon
Published: September 2022

Background

Limited data are available on clinical phenotype for delirium that occurs frequently among patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical pictures of delirium, and their association with clinical outcomes in CICU patients.

Methods

A total of 4,261 patients who were admitted to the CICU between September 1 2012 to December 31 2018 were retrospectively registered. Patients were excluded if they were admitted to the CICU for less than 24 hours or had missed data. Ultimately, 2,783 patients were included in the analysis. A day of delirium was defined as any day during which at least one CAM-ICU assessment was positive. The clinical risk factors of delirium were classified by the delirium phenotype, as follows; hypoxic, septic, sedative-associated, and metabolic delirium.

Results

The incidence of delirium was 24.4% at the index hospitalization in all CICU patients, and 22.6% within 7 days after CICU admission. The most common delirium phenotype was septic delirium (17.2%), followed by hypoxic delirium (16.8%). Multiple phenotypes were observed during most delirium days. Delirium most frequently occurred in patients with heart failure. Of all patients affected by delirium within 7 days, both ICU and hospital mortality significantly increased according to the combined number of delirium phenotypes.

Conclusions

Delirium occurred in a quarter of patients admitted to the modern CICU and was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Therefore, more efforts are needed to reduce the clinical risk factors of delirium, and to prevent it in order to improve clinical outcomes in the CICU.
Tracking the incidence and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection using historical maternal booking serum samples
Authors: Mullins Edward , McCabe Ruth , Bird Sheila M. , Randell Paul , Pond Marcus J. , Regan Lesley , Parker Eleanor , McClure Myra , Donnelly Christl A.
Published: September 2022

The early transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK are unknown but their investigation is critical to aid future pandemic planning. We tested over 11,000 anonymised, stored historic antenatal serum samples, given at two north-west London NHS trusts in 2019 and 2020, for total antibody to SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (anti-RBD). Estimated prevalence of seroreactivity increased from 1% prior to mid-February 2020 to 17% in September 2020. Our results show higher prevalence of seroreactivity to SARS-CoV-2 in younger, non-white ethnicity, and more deprived groups. We found no significant interaction between the effects of ethnicity and deprivation. Derived from prevalence, the estimated incidence of seroreactivity reflects the trends observed in daily hospitalisations and deaths in London that followed 10 and 13 days later, respectively. We quantified community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in London, which peaked in late March / early April 2020 with no evidence of community transmission until after January 2020. Our study was not able to determine the date of introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus but demonstrates the value of stored antenatal serum samples as a resource for serosurveillance during future outbreaks.
Decrease of heart rate variability during exercise: An index of cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Mongin Denis , Chabert Clovis , Extremera Manuel Gomez , Hue Olivier , Courvoisier Delphine Sophie , Carpena Pedro , Galvan Pedro Angel Bernaola
Published: September 2022

The present study proposes to measure and quantify the heart rate variability (HRV) changes during effort as a function of the heart rate and to test the capacity of the produced indices to predict cardiorespiratory fitness measures. Therefore, the beat-to-beat cardiac time interval series of 18 adolescent athletes (15.2 ± 2.0 years) measured during maximal graded effort test were detrended using a dynamical first-order differential equation model. HRV was then calculated as the standard deviation of the detrended RR intervals (SDRR) within successive windows of one minute. The variation of this measure of HRV during exercise is properly fitted by an exponential decrease of the heart rate: the SDRR is divided by 2 every increase of heart rate of 20 beats/min. The HR increase necessary to divide by 2 the HRV is linearly inversely correlated with the maximum oxygen consumption (r = -0.60, p = 0.006), the maximal aerobic power (r = -0.62, p = 0.006), and, to a lesser extent, to the power at the ventilatory thresholds (r = -0.53, p = 0.02 and r = -0.47, p = 0.05 for the first and second threshold). It indicates that the decrease of the HRV when the heart rate increases is faster among athletes with better fitness. This analysis, based only on cardiac measurements, provides a promising tool for the study of cardiac measurements generated by portable devices.
Modeling and validation of oviposition by a polyphagous insect pest as a function of temperature and host plant species
Authors: Lee Hyoseok , Wintermantel William M. , Trumble John T. , Fowles Trevor M. , Nansen Christian
Published: September 2022

Modeling oviposition as a function of female insect age, temperature, and host plant suitability may provide valuable insight into insect population growth of polyphagous insect pests at a landscape level. In this study, we quantified oviposition by beet leafhoppers, Circulifer (= Neoaliturus) tenellus (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), on four common non-agricultural host plant species [Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. (Geraniaceae), Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader (Amaranthaceae), Plantago ovata Forsskál (Plantaginaceae), and Salsola tragus L. (Amaranthaceae)] at two constant temperature conditions. Additionally, temperature-based oviposition models for each host plant species were validated, under semi-field and greenhouse conditions. We found that K. scoparia was the most suitable host plant, and optimal temperature for oviposition was estimated to be 30.6°C. Accordingly, beet leafhoppers appear to be well-adapted to high-temperature conditions, so increasing temperatures due to climate change may favor population growth in non-agricultural areas. Maximum total fecundity (Rm) was used as an indicator of relative suitability of host plants. S. tragus has been considered an important non-agricultural host plant, however, we found that S. tragus and E. cicutarium have lower Rm compared to K. scoparia and P. ovata. The combination of detailed experimental oviposition bioassays, modeling, and model validation is considered widely relevant and applicable to host plant assessments and modeling of population dynamics of other polyphagous insect pests.
Objective structured clinical examination: Challenges and opportunities from students’ perspective
Authors: Alkhateeb Nazdar , Salih Abubakir Majeed , Shabila Nazar , Al-Dabbagh Ali
Published: September 2022

Background

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) has been used in evaluating clinical competence in health professions education around the world. Despite its implementation in Iraq for around a decade, limited studies investigated the challenges and opportunities to improve the standard and quality of this examination from student’s perspective.

Methods

This qualitative study was based on an online open-ended questionnaire survey that was carried out in the College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Iraq at the beginning of the 2018–2019 academic year. A convenience sample of 180 students in the clinical phase (4th, 5th, and 6th) year of study were invited to participate.

Results

A total of 141 students responded to the online questionnaire. The participants were generally happy with the OSCE, and they recognized many positive aspects, including the role of the OSCE in increasing confidence, engagement and motivating learning, the role of the OSCE in achieving a higher level of learning, the content validity of the OSCE, and the quality of the OSCE. The main weak points of the OSCE identified by the students included unfairness, gender discrimination, duration of the OSCE, and the behavior of the examiners. Suggestions to improve the OSCE examination included improving the examiners’ behavior, with the focus on the training of the examiners, and avoiding discrimination among students.

Conclusions

Most of the students were generally satisfied with the current OSCE examination. The main concern of the students was related to the organization of the OSCE. Valuable suggestions were raised to improve the OSCE quality including examiners’ and simulated patients’ training.
Management of overwintering pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus with colonized Beauveria bassiana ERL836
Authors: Kim Jong-Cheol , Lee Mi Rong , Yu Jeong Seon , Park So Eun , Ha Panjung , Kim Jae Su
Published: September 2022

Monochamus alternatus is a major forest pest that spreads pine wilt disease in pine trees as a vector of pine wilt nematodes. Chemical insecticides used as fumigants to control overwintering M. alternatus in forests are highly toxic to the environment, so we investigated entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana ERL836 as an eco-friendly and alternative material to control overwintering M. alternatus. In this work, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of B. bassiana ERL836 against M. alternatus adults, the possibility of fungal colonization on pine tree bark, and finally the control efficacy of fungal pre-treatment on pine tree logs against emerging M. alternatus adults in semi-field and field conditions. M. alternatus adults were killed on the pine tree logs pre-treated with the B. bassiana ERL836. White conidia were observed not only on the surface of the dead adults but also on the pine tree logs, suggesting that the adults were killed by the fungus on the pine. A formulated ERL836 powder treatment on larvae-infested pine logs showed high insecticidal activity against adults, similar to that with the fungal powder suspension treatment, but we demonstrated that using the fungal powder was simpler than using the suspension in field conditions. Even in the field condition, the fungal powder treatment showed high insecticidal activity against M. alternatus adults, which we attribute to its ability to maintain fungal activity for a long time in field conditions by covering the pine tree logs with a film during overwintering. We confirmed that the risk that fungus-infected M. alternatus adults would spread the fungus to other non-target forest insects was low. Thus, even a high-concentration treatment in a specific area is unlikely to transmit the fungus outside that area, so it can be safely used to control this pine wilt nematode vector in forest ecosystems.
Lipocalin-2 is an essential component of the innate immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infection
Authors: Sheldon Jessica R. , Himmel Lauren E. , Kunkle Dillon E. , Monteith Andrew J. , Maloney K. Nichole , Skaar Eric P.
Published: September 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen and an emerging global health threat. Within healthcare settings, major presentations of A. baumannii include bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The increased prevalence of ventilated patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii. Additionally, due to its MDR status and the lack of antimicrobial drugs in the development pipeline, the World Health Organization has designated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii to be its priority critical pathogen for the development of novel therapeutics. To better inform the design of new treatment options, a comprehensive understanding of how the host contains A. baumannii infection is required. Here, we investigate the innate immune response to A. baumannii by assessing the impact of infection on host gene expression using NanoString technology. The transcriptional profile observed in the A. baumannii infected host is characteristic of Gram-negative bacteremia and reveals expression patterns consistent with the induction of nutritional immunity, a process by which the host exploits the availability of essential nutrient metals to curtail bacterial proliferation. The gene encoding for lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), a siderophore sequestering protein, was the most highly upregulated during A. baumannii bacteremia, of the targets assessed, and corresponds to robust LCN2 expression in tissues. Lcn2-/- mice exhibited distinct organ-specific gene expression changes including increased transcription of genes involved in metal sequestration, such as S100A8 and S100A9, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism to perturbed metal homeostasis. In vitro, LCN2 inhibits the iron-dependent growth of A. baumannii and induces iron-regulated gene expression. To elucidate the role of LCN2 in infection, WT and Lcn2-/- mice were infected with A. baumannii using both bacteremia and pneumonia models. LCN2 was not required to control bacterial growth during bacteremia but was protective against mortality. In contrast, during pneumonia Lcn2-/- mice had increased bacterial burdens in all organs evaluated, suggesting that LCN2 plays an important role in inhibiting the survival and dissemination of A. baumannii. The control of A. baumannii infection by LCN2 is likely multifactorial, and our results suggest that impairment of iron acquisition by the pathogen is a contributing factor. Modulation of LCN2 expression or modifying the structure of LCN2 to expand upon its ability to sequester siderophores may thus represent feasible avenues for therapeutic development against this pathogen.
Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNP inhibits adaptive immune responses and alters innate immune fitness in an inheritable fashion
Authors: Qin Zhen , Bouteau Aurélie , Herbst Christopher , Igyártó Botond Z.
Published: September 2022

Hundreds of millions of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP vaccine doses have already been administered to humans. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the immune effects of this platform. The mRNA-LNP-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is highly inflammatory, and its synthetic ionizable lipid component responsible for the induction of inflammation has a long in vivo half-life. Since chronic inflammation can lead to immune exhaustion and non-responsiveness, we sought to determine the effects of pre-exposure to the mRNA-LNP on adaptive immune responses and innate immune fitness. We found that pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs or LNP alone led to long-term inhibition of the adaptive immune response, which could be overcome using standard adjuvants. On the other hand, we report that after pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs, the resistance of mice to heterologous infections with influenza virus increased while resistance to Candida albicans decreased. The diminished resistance to Candida albicans correlated with a general decrease in blood neutrophil percentages. Interestingly, mice pre-exposed to the mRNA-LNP platform can pass down the acquired immune traits to their offspring, providing better protection against influenza. In summary, the mRNA-LNP vaccine platform induces long-term unexpected immunological changes affecting both adaptive immune responses and heterologous protection against infections. Thus, our studies highlight the need for more research to determine this platform’s true impact on human health.
Las voces literarias de la Guerra Civil: La narrativa republicana frente a la del bando sublevado
Authors: Montaner Bueno Andrés
Published: September 2022

En el presente trabajo hemos intentado realizar una comparación de dos obras de la literatura española durante la Guerra Civil, que se caracterizaron porque ambas fueron escritas por autores de ideología contraria (republicana y bando sublevado) y además se escribieron con el objetivo principal de defender su particular ideario. Hemos comparado la novela Retaguardia compuesta por Concha Espina (afín al franquismo) y la novela republicana Acero de Madrid escrita por José Herrera Petere. Para conseguir nuestro propósito hemos realizado una sucinta aproximación a las características de la literatura escrita durante la Guerra Civil, aludiendo a una pequeña parte de sus principales autores. Posteriormente, hemos analizado las dos citadas obras, confrontando convergencias y diferencias.
Effects of ethnic minority culture on organizational trust and knowledge management
Authors: Bencsik Andrea , Szabo Árpád , Juhász Tímea
Published: September 2022

The need for organisational trust as a prerequisite for successful market operation is an area of frequent research today. Our study has examined the thinking and behaviour of organisations operating in minority cultures that live in proximity to the motherland in terms of trust-based organisational functioning, with particular attention to the knowledge management process. The research has tested two neighbouring cultures (Slovak and Romanian) outside their mainland (in Hungary) using a quantitative questionnaire survey. The SPSS 25 program was used to evaluate the results, analysing the connection system within an original model. The evaluation of cultural characteristics was based on the results of Hofstede’s research. The results show that representatives of the minority think about the conditions for forming trust and related necessary norms of behaviour in the way that reflects the values of their motherland. However, the manifestations of human behaviour throughout the organisation’s operation identify with the given national cultural values.
The relationship between income growth and inequality: Evidence from an Asian emerging economy
Authors: Tung Le Thanh , Bentzen Jan
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between income growth and inequality in Vietnam. The study database was collected and calculated from 61 provinces in the period of 2006-2018. The economic equation is estimated with 3 types of data including the full sample, the North and the South regions, and six sub-economic regions. The empirical results present several important scientific contributions. First, the estimated results show the Kuznets curve hypothesis is confirmed in Vietnam when the relationship between income growth and inequality is presented by an inverted U-shaped curve. Second, the Kuznets curve does not occur in the provinces which have a high level of economic liberalization and a large private sector, as evidenced by the analysis of sub-samples. Economic integration is a progressive process provided foreign direct investment decreases inequality in most regions. Educational development helps to reduce inequality but this relationship is only found in the areas populated by ethnic minorities. The labour force has a positive and significant relationship to inequality, especially in regions with labour shortages, although this variable can even help reduce inequality in some sub-economic regions that have an abundance of labour. Tourism development and trade variables are considered to be the sources of inequality in lower development regions. The empirical results suggest that policymakers need to continuously reduce income inequality to support sustainable development in the future.
Review of studies on FDI: The case of Baltic States
Authors: Tvaronavičienė Manuela , Burinskas Arūnas
Published: September 2022

The authors reviewed the foreign direct investment in Baltic countries. The theoretical part of the paper systemizes essential driving forces (elements) of FDI studies and the methods most common in FDI studies; the hierarchy of qualitative methods and models is presented. Three-tier methodology is suggested. The first tier (or level) represents a mathematical approach towards interconnections between FDI variables. The second tier of methodology is dedicated to sector analysis and benchmarking. The third tier targets revising economic variables and their links with variables representing FDI. The suggested approach could be applied for similar analysis. The authors have constructed a correlation matrix. The results of the analyzed variables via the dynamic regression approach show that the strongest links among variables appeared in several-year periods. The obtained results may have significant policy implication.
Analysis of the effects of fiscal policy shocks in the Baltic region
Authors: Szymańska Agata
Published: September 2022

The study aims to compare the effects of fiscal policy shocks in three Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania - within SVAR framework, using the identification scheme proposed by Blanchard and Perotti (2002). The time sample covers quarterly data over the period of 2002q1-2019q4. The main idea of the study is to identify the effects of fiscal policy shocks in three euro area member states under a single monetary policy of the European Central Bank, but with country-specific fiscal policy shaped by the European fiscal framework. The results show that, generally, in the short term (up to four quarters), output reacts consistently with the Keynesian view, emphasizing the importance of using discretionary fiscal policy tools in stimulating economic activity in the Baltic region. However, in Estonia and Latvia, the calculated impact multipliers for net taxes are larger than spending multipliers. Although each country reacts differently to its country-specific fiscal shock, the response to the euro area money market interest rate innovation is quite similar with respect to the direction of the effect, which may indicate the robustness of the Baltic region in terms of the euro area shocks. Thus, the results emphasize the importance of conducting domestic fiscal policy adapted to the conditions of each of the analysed economies. Based on the assumptions and the methodology used in this study, the obtained findings show the limited effects of spending on Baltic economies in comparison with the effects caused by the shocks in net taxes. Moreover, due to the lack of large-scale analysis regarding the effectiveness of fiscal policy in Baltic states, the obtained results are a valuable contribution to the debate about the ‘appropriate’ size of the fiscal multipliers for the Baltic region.
Academic efficiency of engineering university degrees and its driving factors. A PLS-DEA approach
Authors: Zuluaga-Ortiz Rohemi , DelaHoz-Dominguez Enrique , Camelo-Guarín Alicia
Published: September 2022

This research develops an academic production function for the educational process of industrial engineers in Colombia. The proposed function objectively analyses the relationships between the academic competencies obtained in secondary education and the university. The data used correspond to the standardized tests of 4,977 students at the end of high school and university. In the first stage of the model, the structure of the production function was empirically evaluated using a Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling approach. Consequently, in the second stage, the efficiency of the relationships in the academic production function is estimated using Data Envelopment Analysis. The Goodness of Fit index of the empirical model was 0.89, thus, confirming the relationships between the construct's variables. The model validates four transformation relationships and subsequently estimates the efficiency of the interactions in the production function. The average efficiency results of the model in its constant scale are 16.30%, 2.17%, and 5.43%. In conclusion, the model explains the capacity of universities to transform inputs (basic competencies of the secondary school) into desired outputs (professional academic competencies). Additionally, the model analyses professional performance from the interactions among academic competencies.
KEBIJAKAN MODEL BISNIS BANK WAKAF MIKRO SEBAGAI SOLUSI PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Disemadi Hari Sutra , Roisah Kholis
Published: September 2022

Kehadiran Bank Wakaf Mikro (BWM) sebagai bagian dari Lembaga Keuangan Mikro diharapkan mampu mengurangi ketimpangan dan kemiskinan di masyarakat. BWM sebagai lembaga keuangan bertujuan untuk memberikan kemudahan dalam memeberikan permodalan serta pembiayaan kepada masyarakat berpenghasilan menengah kebawah dan usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM). Tujuan penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai kebijakan (regulasi) mekanisme kerja BWM sebagai solusi pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian doktrinal, yaitu penelitian yang menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif (normative legal research). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pendirian BWM saat ini masih berdasarkan Undang-Undang tentang Lembaga Keuangan Mikro dengan menerapkan prinsip syariah dalam pengoperasiannya. Hadirnya kebijakan terkait BWM bertujuan untuk memberikan landasan hukum dalam pengoperasionalisasinya. Kehadiran BWM merupakan dukungan yang komprehensif dalam upaya” mendorong pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat dan UMKM yang terkendala akses pendanaan ke lembaga keuangan formal.
URGENSITAS MEDIATOR DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA EKONOMI SYARIAH di PENGADILAN AGAMA PURBALINGGA
Authors: Triana Nita
Published: September 2022

Perma nomor 1 tahun  2016 tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan mengatur peran mediator dalam mediasi. Namun, kenyataannya hal ini sering tidak dianggap penting dan cenderung diabaikan sehingga mediasi sering tidak berhasil dan sengketa pada akhirnya diselesaikan dengan jalur litigasi.   Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis urgensi peran mediator di Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga dalam keberhasilan mediasi di bidang ekonomi syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum non doktrinal, dengan analisis kualitatif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa di Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga mediator memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam  keberhasilan mediasi di bidang ekonomi syariah. Mediator di Pengadian Agama Purbalingga memiliki keterampilan dan taktik. Keterampilan yang paling dibutuhkan adalah keterampilan berunding/negosiasi dengan tetap mempertahankan perdamaian, sedangkan  taktik yang paling dibutuhkan adalah taktik yang bersifat informatif dan mendesak para pihak untuk mengadakan pertemuan,  dan melakukan tawar menawar.
Revealing The Relation between Global Capitalism and Television Industry
Authors: Sulistyawan Aditya Yuli , Antonius Eka Padmahantara
Published: September 2022

The television industry is a broadcasting industry that requires much higher investment than other media. This is due to the need to provide broadcasting infrastructure, television technology that continues to grow, and because of the funding needs of the program. This need will become even bigger in line with increasing competition. The implication of these conditions is the creation of entry-barriers for independent investors with limited capital so that more likely to enter the market are large investors who have networks with broader business systems, which are very likely to initially be engaged in core businesses that are not related to the media. This paper is intended to reveal the relationship between global capitalism in the television industry which is increasingly troubling at the moment. The problem raised is how is the relation between the interests of global capitalism in the television industry in Indonesia? Such ownership patterns ultimately have an impact on broadcast content. Commercial television stations cannot be expected to present content that challenges policies that benefit large capital owners while harming labor interests. Thus, the tendency of the media to only present content that is not critical of capitalism cannot by itself be read as the fruit of the orders of the owners of capital or because of the ideology of media workers who are indeed pro-capitalism.
Design of General Election in Indonesia
Authors: Syafei Muhammad , Darajati Muhammad Rafi
Published: September 2022

The 2019 general elections in Indonesia have been held differently from the previous period. The 2019 general elections held simultaneously five boxes. This article discusses how the implementation of the 2019 general election and how the rather election should be carried out in the future. The author concludes that the implementation of simultaneous general elections in 2019 caused tremendous complexity for participants, voters, and organizers. The complexity and constraints that occur make the selection process not run well and less efficient and effective time spent. Then for the coming period, the elections should be carried out using the design of simultaneous national elections and simultaneous regional elections. In the simultaneous national election, it held to elect the President and Vice President, members of the House of People’s Representative, and members of the Regional Representative Board. Then in the simultaneous regional election, it held to elect the Governor, Regent/ Mayor, Provincial Legislative Council, and Regency/ City Legislative Council.
Law Enforcement in The Handling of People Smuggling Crime in Indonesia
Authors: Siahaan Herbin Marulak
Published: September 2022

People Smuggling is a rising phenomenon of Transnational Organized Crime. Indonesia has taken an important step to combat this phenomenon by ratifying the UN Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants which set of key obligations relating to People Smuggling. This normative legal research aims to identify and discuss the challenges to convert these obligations into practical outcomes. The research results show some practical challenges for the law enforcement agencies responsible for combating people smuggling which includes a number of issues that relate to the prosecutions of migrant smugglers and to the dismantling of smuggling networks. Therefore, it is necessary to have a model of law enforcement in handling a crime as complex as people smuggling by improving the legal substance, the legal structure as well as the community participation in regional perspectives.
Optimizing Health Protocol Enforcement during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mustamu Julista , Bakarbessy Andress D
Published: September 2022

The effort of the prevention and countermeasures in order to break the chain of transmission of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), it needs to be done in an integrated and comprehensive manner from various aspects of governance, health, socio-cultural and economic aspects. As part of the state of public health emergencies and has beeb designated as a non natural disaster, the regional goverment has the authority to take preventive and countermeasures actions primarily in the enforcement of health protocol during the Covid-19 pandemic in accordance with statutory provinsions. The research objective is to understand the enforcement of health protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is juridical-normative with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach to analyze problems qualitatively. The results and discussion concluded that The formulation of policies and formation of regional legal product that from the basic of legitimacy as well as the basic of legality to act for local goverments in the efoort to optimize the enforcement of prtococols during the Covid-19 pandemic, certaily need to develop specific policy formulation models and becemo a reference for local goverments in policy formulations and formulation reginal legal product in the enforcement of the Covid-19 health protocol. Policy formulation and formation of regional legal product in the enforcement of the Covid-19 health protocol include, and a review of the stages of policy formulation
Law Enforcement in the Context of Legal Culture in Society
Authors: Rahayu Derita Prapti , Faisal Faisal , Sari Rafiqa , Satrio Ndaru
Published: September 2022

Law enforcement is a series of processes to describe values, ideas, ideals, and subsequently become legal objectives. The awareness and compliance of sailing administration to Matras fishermen in catching fish is very much determined by the legal culture of the community. The purpose of this discussion is to determine law enforcement in the context of legal culture in society. The results of the discussion conclude that the legal culture of Matras fishermen displays something unique, namely a spiritual presence and a contextual existence. Therefore, law enforcement in the cultural context is sharing space with the other side of the value that is believed to be sacred in religious substance and believing in the value of local wisdom. The pattern of law enforcement with a cultural dimension is a manifestation of synchronization of the various aspects of substance, structure and culture itself
Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System with Pancasila Perspective as an Open Justice System
Authors: Adawiyah Robiatul , Rozah Umi
Published: September 2022

The criminal justice system should be an embodiment of values of Pancasila. Few cases raised concerns and questioned Pancasila’s practice because it hurt community justice sense. Pancasila must be reflected in criminal law enforcement. The criminal justice system is open whose operation is influenced by the environment the subsystems's operation, it is very important to be studied comprehensively. This article discusses the Indonesian criminal justice system with a Pancasila perspective; Indonesian criminal justice system with the concept of Pancasila as an open criminal justice system; subsystem in the Indonesian criminal justice system has the concept of Pancasila as an open criminal justice system. The research method in this article is normative with philosophy approach. The results showed that criminal justice system has Pancasila perspective, means that it must prioritize humanity, the balance of the interests of perpetrators and victims, the justice of God, humanity and society (substantive justice). As an open system, it does not work in solitaire in a vacuum, but must pay attention to legal values and community justice sense so that the working of it is more contextual in applying criminal law to achieve its success.  And all subsystems in the criminal justice system have basically been based on Pancasila as an open justice system.
Exception of Mediation Procedure in Bankruptcy Cases According to Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 Year 2016
Authors: Priamsari Rr. Putri A
Published: September 2022

Mediation in Court is regulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 Year 2016 including the exception. This article aims to examine cases with exception of mediation procedure based on PERMA Number 1 Year 2016 and to identify why Bankruptcy Application in Commercial Court is one of cases with exception. This study finds that PERMA (Supreme Court Regulation) Number 1 Year 2016 exempts cases in Commercial Court, Industrial Relation Court, Objection to the Decision of the Indonesia Competition Commission, Decision of Information Commission and Decision of Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency, Application for Annulment of Arbitration Award, Political Party Dispute, Small Claim Court and Cases with time frame. Bankruptcy Application according to Laws of Bankruptcy in Commercial Court is carried on using speedy procedure, a direct legal remedy to the Supreme Court. Its Application and resolution are within limited time period.
Criminal Law Policy of Justice Collaborator in Corruption Crime Case
Authors: Nugroho Khrisna Lintang Satrio
Published: September 2022

Trial of criminal law cases is highly important to prove misconduct in a case. In respect to the evidence of corruption criminal act, an insider is needed as a perpetrator of the offence who works with the investigators, or usually called justice collaborator. The main focus of this study is to examine criminal law policy on the concept of justice collaborator in corruption criminal act and how the legal punishment is for justice collaborators in corruption criminal act. This study is a descriptive research using juridical normative approach. Data used in this study were secondary data. Case study approach was applied in this study. This means that the researcher makes a comparison of cases on the implementation of justice collaborator which is based on a study of a verdict.  According to the result of the research, it is indicated that up to now there has not been conformity in terms of legal regulations or interpretation of the concept of Whistle blower and Justice Collaborator. There has not been mutual understanding in terms of the conviction of the perpetrator who is willing to work with the investigators to uncover a corruption criminal act. This leads to disparity in the making of verdict for the offender.
The Urgency of Criminal Code Bill Ratification in Criminal Law Policy Frame on The Spreading of Pornographic Content Offence
Authors: Makaminan Aldo Andrieyan Putra , Soponyono Eko
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, the crime of spreading pornographic content as one form of cybercrimes has developed into a frequent offence. This offence has inflicted a lot of damage psychologically and materially for those who become the victims because, with internet access available in cyber space, the spread of pornographic materials is faster, wider, and easier to be accessed by public. The aim of this study is to review criminal law policy on the handling of pornographic content spreading offence according to the present and the future positive law. This study used normative juridical method, a method which analyzed a problem based on ius constitutum and ius constituendum. Criminal Code and Special Criminal Act such as Pornographic Act and Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) have not clearly regulated pornographic content spreading crime in Indonesia and have not been able to countermeasure this type of crime. This problem occurs in part because regulations are applicable specifically for offence containing pornographic element, but not applicable for the spread.  Criminal Code Bill needs to be ratified because the Bill regulates the offence related to pornographic contents which is suitable to the condition and issue arising in Indonesia recently. In comparison to regulations on offence related to pornographic content spreading in various countries, the author found that each country adjusts the law related to pornographic content spreading according to the type of issues they face. Thus, Indonesia also needs to make a legal product that can suppress the spread of pornographic materials.
Crime Combating Policy of Carding in Indonesia in the Political Perspective of Criminal Law
Authors: Adhi Muhammad Isnaeni Puspito , Soponyono Eko
Published: September 2022

The development and progress of science and technology lead to the emergence of cybercrime. One form of cybercrime is carding. Carding is a crime of using or stealing other people's credit cards through cyberspace. This paper discusses the process of criminal law enforcement against carding crimes based on current positive law and future carding crime prevention policies in terms of the political perspective of criminal law. The method used was a normative juridical research method. The discussion shows that criminal law enforcement efforts against carding crimes have been regulated through the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions, but these arrangements cannot overcome carding crimes in Indonesia, so there is a need for a formulation policy that specifically regulates carding crimes. The policy of dealing with carding crime in the future is reviewed from the perspective of criminal law politics, namely through penal and non-penal efforts. Efforts should be made to socialize cyber law for the people of Indonesia that can support the use of credit cards as a means of payment in online transactions in a responsible manner and have a strong legal basis.
Presence of Pretrial in the Perspective of the Pancasila State of Law
Authors: Situmeang Sahat Maruli Tua
Published: September 2022

Pretrial is a process that precedes a trial in court or a preliminary examination before entering a trial. However, in its application, pretrial institutions both before and after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014 are not in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code and also have weaknesses or shortcomings. This paper aims to find out the presence of pretrial institutions in the perspective of the Pancasila state of law. In other hand, pretrial institution as an institution that oversees the protection of the human rights of suspects/defendants is regulated in Chapter X Articles 77 to Article 83 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The determination of the suspect must be carried out carefully by taking into account the principle of presumption of innocence as a general principle in criminal procedural law that must be enforced by law enforcers. In law enforcement, of course, there must be supervision both vertically and horizontally so as to minimize the occurrence of irregularities. Therefore, it is important to establish an Ad Hoc institution as a substitute for a Pretrial institution in which the judges consisting of career judges, legal practitioners and academics can act whether there is an application or not which is filed by the suspect/defendant or his family or proxies so that the decision is objective. Thus, it is important to reformulate the Criminal Procedure Code regarding the determination of suspects.
Urgency of Law Amendment as Foundation of The Implementation of Cyber Notary
Authors: Alincia Devi , Sitabuana Tundjung Herning
Published: September 2022

The concept of Cyber Notary in Indonesia is influenced by the advance of technology, the need of the society, and the way people think. Cyber notary is mentioned in the amended Law on Notary (Amended UUJN) in the form of other authorities, which is to certify transaction made electronically (cyber notary). However, in the level of legal practice, cyber notary’s authority is not performed effectively by notaries in real practice. This study aimed to examine the aspect of legal certainty of cyber notary and how far the chance of UUJN’s Amendment is able to provide certainty for the implementation of cyber notary. This study was conducted using normative legal research method, a descriptive method, through statute approach and history approach. The result of this research shows that: first, notary’s authority in cyber notary is merely to legalize an electronic document and privately made deed. The second, the certification of a transaction which is done electronically (cyber notary) by Notary has validity or legally valid and is not against the principle of Tabellionis Officium Fidelliter Exercebo because during the process notaries is present directly. Based on the result of this study, the suggestion that can be given is that it is necessary to amend UUJN and to formulate implementing regulation of the mechanism of notary’s authority to certify electronic transaction.
Comparison of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Laws Applied in the United States and Indonesia
Authors: Sarastri Endang Sri , Saputro Liliana Tedjo , Hartini MC Inge
Published: September 2022

Advances in science and technology in the field of aesthetic plastic surgery today no longer aims to treat but is used to change a person in supporting his appearance. The authority to carry out these medical procedures belongs to the Reconstructive and Aesthetic Plastic Surgeon Specialist (Dr. SpBP-RE), but the results of the medical actions carried out by Dr. SpBP-RE are not necessarily in accordance with the wishes of the patients. In order to avoid disputes between Dr. SpBP-RE and its patients and how to deal with it, the laws that apply in every country in the field of medicine, especially aesthetic plastic surgery, must be clear and firm. This study aims to find out and analyze the laws that apply in the field of aesthetic plastic surgery in Indonesia and in the United States so that the results can be theoretically and practically useful in overcoming medical malpractice. The type of research used was "juridical normative" research, and the analysis of legal materials was carried out qualitatively using descriptive analytical and prescriptive methods. The author compared the legal relationship between Dr. SpBP-RE and its patients, the efforts to handle medical malpractice, and proved and negated it in the field of aesthetic plastic surgery in legal proceedings in the United States and Indonesia. It is expected that Indonesia can learn from the countries that have succeeded in dealing with medical malpractice in the field of plastic surgery.
Contextualization of Legal Protection of Intellectual Property in Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia
Authors: Disemadi Hari Sutra
Published: September 2022

The growing number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has brought about big potential for the implementation of intellectual property protection. The management and the ability to create is an essential key to develop intellectual property. According to this issue, this study is aimed at investigating and analyzing the contextualization of legal protection of intellectual property in the development of MSMEs in Indonesia. Doctrinal legal research method was applied in this study.  This legal study emphasizes on the conception that law can be seen as a set of laws and regulations which are systematically arranged based on a certain hierarchical order.  The result of the study shows that MSMEs and intellectual property are two inseparable entities. One of the government efforts to develop MSMEs in Indonesia is by simplifying MSME regulation through the implementation of omnibus law in order to avoid overlapping of regulations which may lead to complicated bureaucracy. Another finding of this study is that basically the protection of intellectual property is considered highly important for the vendors of MSMEs. The implementation of legal protection for the vendors of MSMEs and their intellectual properties provides opportunity for the business owners to maximize the economic value of their intellectual property. Intellectual property rights can be collateral to obtain banking credit because intellectual property rights are admitted as property that its ownership can be handed over.
The Implementation of General Principles of Convention on The Rights of The Child During Covid-19 Pandemic in The City of Serang
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Jaya Belardo Prasetya Mega , Imani Sarah Haderizqi
Published: September 2022

Convention on The Rights of The Child is the most comprehensive international legal instrument of human rights to promote and protect rights of children. In the late 2019, Coronavirus Disease 19 outbreak started. This pandemic then has led to socio-economic impact as a result of preventive and controlling actions. This pandemic has also affected the fulfillment of child’s rights including the rights of children in The City of Serang. This research was aimed at investigating the implementation of general principle of Convention on The Rights of The Child during Covid-19 pandemic in the city of Serang. This study applied normative research method, which is a research discussing legal aspects by studying literature sources on the applied regulations. The result of the study shows that the implementation of general principle of Convention on The Rights of The Child, consisting of the principle of non-discrimination, the best interest of the child, the right to life, survival and development, and the right to be heard, went well along with the establishment of Child Social Welfare Institute to serve children with special needs (LKSA), Integrated Service Centre for the Empowerment of Women and Children (P2TP2A) to receive complaints on the violation of children’s rights, Serang’s Children Forum as a media where children of Serang can participate. The implementation of the right to survival was not as good because Working group (Pokja) for adverse effect following immunization (KIPI) special for children has not effectively implemented.