bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CADEIA PRODUTIVA DA CAPRINOCULTURA NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA
Authors: Queiroga Inês Maria Barbosa Nunes , Lins José Gabriel Gonçalves , Oliveira Sérgio Alves , Gonçalves Monica Correia , Oliveira Leandro Silva , Perdigão Nivea Regina de Oliveira Felisberto , Penha Jailson Lopes da
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil do Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) da caprinocultura nos territórios rurais do estado da Paraíba. Resultados: No estado da Paraíba, a caprinocultura exerce um papel de fundamental importância na agricultura familiar, assim, uma estratégia eficaz no fortalecimento dessa cadeia se dá pelo desenvolvimento de Arranjos Produtivos Locais, promovendo efeito colaborativo entre os envolvidos e visibilidade frente às instituições governamentais e suas políticas públicas. Constatou-se que o APL da caprinocultura possui uma sólida rede interinstitucional em desenvolvimento, potencial agroindustrial crescente e ativo, muitos atores envolvidos e cientes de seu papel na progressão da cadeia, e protagonismo no que diz respeito à diretrizes governamentais, todos desempenhando um papel fundamental na consolidação da caprinocultura. Esse fatores favorecem o desenvolvimento sustentável e constância nas políticas públicas, no sentido de efetuarem ações que favoreçam o fortalecimento da caprinocultura. O associativismo estimulado por esse APL destaca-se como a principal ferramenta de integração dos produtores em torno de ações que garantem a defesa de interesses comuns, sendo também identificado como um ambiente de aprendizado para as tecnologias sociais necessárias à alavancagem da atividade. Conclusão: São necessidades reais inerentes ao avanço do APL da caprinocultura, o investimento em políticas relacionadas à educação e transferência de tecnologia aos caprinocultores locais, políticas de suporte e constante capacitação, e o desenvolvimento de políticas de infraestruturas voltadas à cadeia produtiva.
A systematic review of post-operative infections in pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt cases
Authors:   General Surgery Study Program, Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia, Bal’afif Farhad , Nazwar Tommy Alfandy ,   General Surgery Study Program, Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia,   Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia, Wardhana Donny Wisnu ,   General Surgery Study Program, Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia, Anindhita Prisca ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia, El Shadawi Abdo Rouf ,   Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Gharian University, Libya, Sultan Hatim ,   Medical Center, Sebha University, Sabha, Libya, Bashir Mochamad ,   Medical Center, Sebha University, Sabha, Libya, Mustofa Mustofa ,   General Surgery Study Program, Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
Published: May 2024

Background. Hydrocephalus is a prevalent condition in children, affecting both developed and developing countries. Neurosurgical interventions such as ventriculoperitoneal shunts are common, but are associated with a high risk of complications, including infections, which can lead to additional issues and costs. This study aims to review the incidence of infection in pediatric patients before and after ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, in order to address this issue. Methods. A standard process of analyzing scientific questions using the Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcome (PICO) method was used to develop a protocol for searching research articles in online databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, POPLINE, and ScienceDirect. The articles selected for inclusion in this study met the following criteria: 1) described interventional ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in pediatrics, 2) focused on cases of ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications with a focus on infection, 3) were published within the last 10 years, and 4) were published in English-language journals with peer review standards. Results. Sixteen articles were identified for review. Seven of these articles mentioned surgical or mechanical interventions as a means of preventing infections, while six articles discussed medical treatment for infection prevention. Three articles described the microorganisms found in cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusion. Future studies should focus on the issues related to ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications and interventions related to immunological, neuroendocrine, and biophysical factors to prevent infections, as well as surgical management and medication administration.
ระบบตรวจสอบคุณภาพการให้บริการของเครือข่ายไร้สาย
Authors: เจริญพร ภาณุพงศ์ , ไลออน สุชัยศรี , จันทร์สร้าง อภิรักษ์ , ใจแก้ว ชัยพร , ตั้งตรงไพโรจน์ วิธวัช , ผลเพิ่ม อนันต์
Published: May 2024

เครือข่ายไร้สาย เป็นหนึ่งในโครงสร้างพื้นฐานที่สำคัญในการทำงานที่เกี่ยวข้องกับระบบคอมพิวเตอร์ในปัจจุบัน จึงมีความจำเป็นที่จะต้องมีระบบตรวจสอบความพร้อมให้บริการและคุณภาพของเครือข่ายไร้สาย ซึ่งในปัจจุบัน มีอุปกรณ์และระบบจากหลากหลายบริษัทที่ได้พยายามพัฒนาขึ้นเพื่อให้การตรวจสอบ มีประสิทธิภาพ สามารถตรวจพบปัญหาและช่วยให้เจ้าหน้าที่ ผู้ดูแลระบบเข้าแก้ไขปัญหาได้อย่างรวดเร็ว ซึ่งโดยส่วนใหญ่ระบบตรวจสอบที่มีในปัจจุบัน จะใช้การตรวจสอบด้วยมุมมองของโครงสร้างพื้นฐานของระบบ และในหลายสถานการณ์ จะพบว่าผู้ใช้บริการเครือข่ายไร้สาย เป็นผู้ที่พบปัญหาก่อนเจ้าหน้าที่ ผู้ดูแลระบบ งานวิจัยนี้ได้มีการนำเสนอระบบตรวจสอบคุณภาพการให้บริการของเครือข่ายไร้สาย โดยประยุกต์ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตของสรรพสิ่ง มาทำหน้าที่เสมือนเป็นผู้ใช้บริการเครือข่ายไร้สาย ทำให้สามารถรับรู้ถึงประสบการณ์ในการใช้บริการ ซึ่งจะเป็นข้อมูลที่สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงการให้บริการและคุณภาพของเครือข่ายไร้สายจากมุมมองของผู้ใช้งาน จากผลการทดลองพบว่าระบบสามารถตรวจนับจำนวนอินเตอร์เฟสเครือข่ายไร้สายในบริเวณทดสอบได้ผลลัพธ์ใกล้เคียงกับข้อมูลจากแอกเซสพอยต์ และการตรวจสอบ BSSID จากอุปกรณ์เครือข่ายไร้สายได้ผลลัพธ์เหมือนกับผลลัพธ์ที่ได้จากการใช้ซอฟต์แวร์บนคอมพิวเตอร์
Characterization and prevalence of comorbidities in pediatric patients with Down syndrome in the Dominican Republic
Authors: De La Rosa Poueriet Katlin , Servalle Mella Andrea Irina , Mercedes Bary Bigay
Published: May 2024

This study analyzes the prevalence and characteristics of comorbidities in 534 children with Down Syndrome (DS) in the Dominican Republic, between 2018 and 2022. The research reveals early detection of DS, with an equal gender distribution. Most cases resulted from nondisjunction, with a significant association between advanced maternal age and increased risk of DS. About 62.2% of the children had comorbidities, with cardiac conditions being the most prevalent, followed by endocrine and neurologic comorbidities, mainly hypothyroidism and seizure disorders. Ophthalmic and otorhinolaryngologic conditions were also common, with strabismus and hypoacusis standing out. The findings emphasize the need for early and comprehensive management adapted to the individual and regional characteristics of patients with DS.
Awareness of rare genetic diseases in daily clinical practice
Authors: Méndez-Ríos Jorge D.
Published: May 2024

In this issue, we are pleased to present 4 multidisciplinary papers that include disciplines such as Pediatric Genetics, Hematology, and Nephrology. These high quality papers represent the efforts of months of specialist colleagues in the area of multidisciplinary clinical genetics. Each contribution represents a tool for education and teaching at multiple levels of medical learning.
Características Clínicas y Terapéuticas de los Pacientes que Ingresan por Trauma Craneoencefálico en el Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid. 2022 - 2023
Authors: Gonzalez Mojica Josue Daniel , Lezcano Hector , Hinestroza Anthonier , Ortega Nadia
Published: May 2024

Introducción: El trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) se define como una patología caracterizada por la alteración cerebral secundaria a una lesión traumática en la región de la cabeza, con la presencia de alteración de la consciencia y/o amnesia debido al trauma, cambios neurológicos, neurofisiológicos, con posibles fracturas de cráneo o lesiones intra craneanas atribuibles al trauma. Metodología: Es un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo en pacientes que sufrieron TCE internados en el servicio de neurocirugía en el Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid durante el periodo de marzo de 2022 a febrero de 2023. Resultados: Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que predomina el sexo masculino (78%) sobre el femenino (22%) en pacientes con TCE. Las causas de lesión más comunes fueron caídas de sus pies (27%), caídas de altura (25%) y colisión de moto/automóvil (20%). Las presentaciones clínicas más comunes fueron pérdida de consciencia (49%), amnesia/desorientación (19%) y cefalea (10%). Conclusión: El seguimiento promedio de los pacientes con TCE fue de 16 días. El género masculino fue el más frecuente, con mayor proporción en la edad media y adulta mayor. La etiología principalmente fue por caídas, manifestándose comúnmente por perdida del estado de alerta, y teniendo hallazgos múltiples en la tomografía cerebral. La mayoría de los pacientes se les dio manejo conservador.
Cáncer a nivel mundial: un serio problema de salud
Authors: Cuero Cesar
Published: May 2024

El cáncer es un problema de salud de envergadura universal. Para el año 2018 hubo 18,1 millones de casos nuevos y 9,5 millones de muerte por cáncer en todo el mundo. Para el año 2040 se prevé que la cantidad de casos nuevos de cáncer por año aumentara a 29.5 millones y la cantidad de defunciones a 16.4 millones.
TRI- Immunophasic Therapy: A Future Landscape
Authors: Kumari Radha , S. Chauhan Shailendra , Sharma Ankita
Published: May 2024

The chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease known as periodontitis is linked to dysbiotic plaque biofilms and is defined by the gradual breakdown of the structure that supports teeth. Its main characteristics are gingival bleeding, periodontal pocketing, radiographically measured alveolar bone loss, and clinical attachment loss (CAL), which indicate a decrease of periodontal tissue support. Owing to its high prevalence, periodontitis is a major public health concern since it can lead to tooth loss and impairment, negatively affect one's look and ability to chew food, exacerbate social inequality, and diminish one's quality of life. Improvements have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal infections using a variety of contemporary methods that are currently accessible.Controlling the etiological causes and bacteria, reducing inflammation, and replenishing the lost alveolar support are the main goals of periodontal therapy. The main components of periodontal treatment is the surgical and non-surgical therapy. Dissatisfaction with the conventional therapy for protecting oral microbiota and replacing lost alveolar bone support may prompt medical professionals and researchers to investigate the novel and cutting-edge Bone One Session Treatment (BOST). It is an aerobic therapy that supports the alveolar bone and eradicates periodontal disease in the deepest pocket without requiring an intrusive operation. This review paper provides a novel approach, emphasis, and assessment of the important pathway for treating periodontal disease using the Bone One Session Treatment.
Tackling Food Waste in Culinary Education: A Roadmap for Sustainable Change
Authors: McArthur-Floyd Mary , Brako Morris , Akorfa Morgan Kimsy , Amoah Margaret
Published: May 2024

Food waste has emerged as a pressing global challenge with significant environmental, economic, and social implications. Educational institutions offering culinary arts and hospitality programs play a crucial role in shaping future professionals' attitudes and practices towards sustainable food management. This study aimed to identify the primary factors contributing to food waste within student culinary laboratories at Takoradi Technical University and develop targeted strategies for mitigation. Through a quantitative research design, data was collected from 232 hospitality students via a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed alarming rates of self- reported food waste during practical sessions, with over- purchasing, lack of awareness, inadequate planning, and inconsistent training identified as key contributing factors. Additionally, opportunities for improvement were highlighted in areas such as planning with supervisors, standardized waste prevention training, and raising awareness about waste reduction policies. Based on these findings, a comprehensive set of recommendations was proposed, including curriculum integration, awareness campaigns, standardized training protocols, policy reforms, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, collaborative knowledge-sharing, and community engagement initiatives. By implementing these recommendations, Takoradi Technical University can foster a culture of sustainability, equip future hospitality professionals with essential skills and knowledge, and contribute to global efforts towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 of reducing food waste.
Governing post-pandemic territories: in search of non-standard territorial governance approaches
Authors: Cotella Giancarlo , Vitale Brovarone Elisabetta
Published: May 2024

Claims towards a paradigm shift in how societies are organised in space, formulated in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, faded away. Nevertheless, the pandemic contributed to ongoing changes in how people settle, live and work, calling for a shift from traditional territorial governance models to softer approaches able to tackle non-standard geographies. This commentary reflects on trends boosted by the pandemic and discusses functional approaches introduced at the EU level. We argue that the post-pandemic recovery should be seen as a ‘window of opportunity’ to consolidate innovative territorial governance instruments into a more coherent framework for place-based action.

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0
.
Reflections on the post-pandemic future of shrinking cities
Authors: Hartt Maxwell , Bagchi-Sen Sharmistha , Hollander Justin B.
Published: May 2024

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0
.
Controlador rotacional de aerofólio construído com materiais de baixo custo com potencial de aplicação na geração de energia elétrica
Authors: Dias Flávio Silva , Anjos Lailah Silva , Bonfim Ítalo Santos
Published: May 2024

Vários grupos vêm atuando no desenvolvimento de aerofólios (pipas) capazes de alcançar altitudes que variam de 200 a 800 m acima do nível do solo, onde os ventos são mais intensos, tem maior incidência e com menos turbulência, altitudes bem superior às alcançadas pelas torres eólicas convencionais, que é aproximadamente de 150 m do nível do solo. Este trabalho constituiu no desenvolvimento de um controlador de trajetória de pipas, sendo composto por um sistema que trabalha de forma mecânica e automática no processo de voo, através de material de baixo custo e/ou alternativos, capaz de mudar o seu sentido de movimento transversal ao vento (vento cruzado). O voo do aerofólio em vento cruzado permite maior conversão de energia eólica e consequentemente um potencial na conversão em energia elétrica. Para isso uma série de testes foi realizada em campo, para ajustar as posições dos dispositivos no aerofólio. Foram observados aumentos de até 50% na força de tração do cabo que liga o aerofólio ao solo, quando comparado às mesmas condições sem movimento de vento cruzado.
As dimensões dos arranjos institucionais na política de expansão da rede federal de educação profissional científica e tecnológica
Authors: Souza Raquel Eugenio de , Meza Maria Lúcia Figueiredo Gomes de
Published: May 2024

Desde a institucionalização da CF de 1988, o Brasil passou por inúmeras mudanças no ciclo de políticas públicas, incluindo os novos arranjos institucionais. O plano de expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional Científica e Tecnológica (RFEPCT) representou uma política estratégica do governo federal de incentivo ao desenvolvimento regional e foi institucionalizado e operacionalizado por meio desses novos arranjos institucionais. O artigo objetiva avaliar o Plano de Expansão da RFEPCT, enquanto política pública, sob a perspectiva das quatro dimensões dos arranjos institucionais. A pesquisa é qualitativa, o estudo de caso foi operacionalizado pelas pesquisas documental e bibliográfica. Os principais resultados mostram o protagonismo do governo federal na dimensão vertical, com uma atuação marginal dos municípios na condução da política; a sobreposição de programas e recursos, sem uma integração dos programas e políticas dos diferentes ministérios é observada na dimensão horizontal; na dimensão participativa identificamos a relevância dos seminários, fóruns e conferências nas fases de proposição e implementação da política de expansão da RFEPCT. Na abordagem da dimensão territorial destaca-se que ao promover a interiorização da rede federal de educação, buscava-se promover o desenvolvimento da economia regional, redução das desigualdades sociais, a formação profissional e o fortalecimento da cidadania.
Do Estado Novo ao governo de João Goulart: incidência do nacional-desenvolvimentismo sobre o meio ambiente
Authors: Moreno Derliz Hong Hung , Oliveira Gilson Batista de
Published: May 2024

Movido pela Crise de 1929, o Brasil e outros países latino-americanos passaram a intervir na economia, promovendo a industrialização por substituição de importações e a expansão urbana. O Estado Novo do presidente Getúlio Dornelles Vargas marcou a história contemporânea do Brasil, a partir de políticas públicas nacionais-desenvolvimentistas e influenciou o governo de diversos presidentes brasileiros. Contudo, neste mesmo recorte temporal, o Estado brasileiro instituiu pontuais políticas ambientais em atendimento a reivindicações da sociedade civil e sucumbindo às pressões do plano internacional. Diante destes fatos, o artigo a seguir se propõe a compreender o paradoxo entre os projetos para o desenvolvimento nacional e as ações estatais direcionadas à proteção do equilíbrio ecológico, buscando conhecer os fatores que impulsionaram os confluentes fenômenos. No que tange ao procedimento metodológico, foi utilizado o método histórico dedutivo e como fontes de pesquisa foram consultados diversos livros e artigos científicos referentes ao tema tratado, desde o advento da causa ambiental até a análise das políticas mais significativas em cada período abordado. Percebeu-se que, os governos analisados enfatizaram o crescimento econômico, em sobreposição ao necessário desenvolvimento socioeconômico. É inegável que ocorreu uma modernização do país, porém com aumento das desigualdades sociais. Em relação ao meio ambiente, os impactos negativos foram consideráveis, mesmo com as pressões internas e no âmbito das relações internacionais. Foram consequências do nacional-desenvolvimentismo: perdas na fauna e na flora, mudanças climáticas, alterações no solo e poluição atmosférica. Enquanto ganhos, pode-se mencionar algumas obras de infraestrutura e parques nacionais, os quais conservam a biodiversidade do país e propiciam qualidade de vida.
Caracterização geoambiental do município de Coronel João Pessoa – RN
Authors: Lima Viviane Nogueira , De Souza Maria Losângela Martins
Published: May 2024

O meio ambiente sempre sofreu transformações ocasionadas pelos elementos naturais. O homem através de suas ações intensificou essas mudanças, tornando-se o principal agente transformador. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho teve por intuito realizar uma Caracterização Geoambiental do Município de Coronel João Pessoa – RN. O estudo fundamenta-se em autores como Christofoletti (1999), Sousa (2016), Albuquerque e Sousa (2020), entre outros. Na elaboração dos produtos cartográficos, utilizou-se o Software QGIS 3.4 Madeira com shapefile do MRN-IBGE (2018), ALMEIDA; ALVES (2014), IBGE (2018, 2019), o Landsat 8 e sensor OLI (USGS, 2020). Evidenciou-se que a área de estudo apresenta uma variabilidade significativa de ambientes com paisagens complexas, o que pode contribuir no desenvolvimento territorial, uma vez que permite uma diversificação de atividades econômicas. Por fim, destacamos a importância dos estudos geoambientais, visto que, a partir deles, é possível ter um diagnóstico ambiental do município, o que ajuda nas elaborações de projetos de Ordenamento Territorial.
Potencialidades de uso dos sistemas de aquecimento solar de baixa temperatura para a indústria de alimentos e bebidas da Paraíba: uma análise regional
Authors: Melquíades Thiago Freire , Santos Júnior Edvaldo Pereira , Nunes Anna Manuella Melo , Coelho Junior Luiz Moreira
Published: May 2024

Este artigo analisou a disparidade regional da indústria de alimentos e bebidas da Paraíba, para uso potencial dos Sistemas de Aquecimento Solar - SAS de baixa temperatura, para 2006 e 2013. Selecionou subsetores que tem potencial de utilização do SAS processos industriais e analisou por meio dos indicadores de localização e especialização. Dos segmentos selecionados, 9 apresentaram processos com potencial para o SAS. Para a Mata Paraibana, os indicadores de localização mostraram predominância da produção de sorvete, cerveja e sucos. Os subsetores alimentícios estão homogêneos nas mesorregiões, considerando como a mão de obra está distribuída no estado. Quanto aos subsetores de bebidas, houve distribuição semelhante sobre o número de empresas na Paraíba. Os indicadores regionais não tiveram grau especialização entre os subsetores analisados. Conclui-se que há potencial de inserção do SAS na indústria de alimentos e bebidas no estado da Paraíba, faltando incentivos e política públicas.
Determinantes dos aportes do programa garantia safra nos municípios cearenses – 2016-2019
Authors: Lucena Manoel Alexandre de , Sousa Yara Eugenio Leandro de , Sousa Eliane Pinheiro de
Published: May 2024

Diante das condições pluviométricas adversas que se defronta o produtor rural residente no semiárido brasileiro, em especial, os agricultores familiares que são mais vulneráveis em termos econômicos e sociais, foi instituído o Programa Garantia Safra (PGS). Tal programa permite que o produtor familiar receba um auxílio pecuniário, por tempo determinado, em caso de perda de safra ocasionada por irregularidades climáticas. Nesse contexto, este estudo se propõe analisar os determinantes do valor de recursos aportados pelo PGS nos municípios cearenses no período de 2016 a 2019. Para tal, utilizou-se uma regressão linear múltipla com dados em painel, em que se considerou como variável dependente o valor de recursos aportados no PGS e como variáveis explicativas valor da produção, quantidade produzida e área plantada de grãos (milho, feijão, fava e arroz); precipitação pluviométrica e receitas totais (corrente e capital) per capita municipal. Os resultados revelam efeito positivo do valor e da área plantada de grãos nos aportes do PGS, ao passo que o incremento na quantidade produzida e no volume médio anual de chuvas tende a reduzir o volume de recursos aportados.
Dinâmicas da expansão urbana e populacional: o caso de Pato Branco-PR (1953-2016)
Authors: Kunen Adriana
Published: May 2024

A cidade de Pato Branco, localizada no Sudoeste do Paraná, assim como maioria dos municípios brasileiros, desenvolveu-se desordenadamente, devido à ausência de planejamento correto. Desse modo o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as dinâmicas da expansão urbana e populacional do município entre 1953 à 2016. Para tanto, utilizou-se dados do IBGE e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, por meio do uso de fotografias aéreas de (1953, 1963, 1980 e 1996), imagens dos satélites QuickBird (2005), Ikonos (2009) e Pleiades (2016) e a comparação dos mapas contidos no Plano Diretor do município. A partir dessa análise foi possível concluir que, a expansão urbana superou o crescimento populacional e identificou que a principal causa da expansão urbana foi a aprovação desnecessária de loteamentos.
Análise da relação do índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal e subíndices, de 2015 a 2021
Authors: Holanda Filho Ivan De Oliveira , Cruz Marcos Paulo Mesquita da , Silva Vitor Hugo Miro Couto , Bezerra Arley Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo é produto de uma pesquisa sobre o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) no Brasil. Parte da estatística descritiva com base em alguns subíndices que fundamentam a existência de tal medida. O período estudado corresponde aos anos de 2015 a 2021, momento de recessão econômica e pandemia. A população mundial passou por mudanças de grandes amplitudes, e, por isso, a justificativa para melhor compreender o patamar do desenvolvimento no âmbito de um país como o Brasil. Tanto os testes estatísticos quanto os econométricos foram feitos no software Grelt. Por meio dos resultados, foi possível constatar o modelo de efeitos fixos, que foram os mais produtivos para as motivações deste estudo. Testes Chow, testes de Hausmann e MQO foram alguns dos recursos que estavam relacionados ao objetivo principal deentender e/ou comparar os subíndices do IDHM diante de modelos econométricos (dados em painel) a fim de alcançar outras interpretações para os pesos de alguns subíndices próprios do cálculo do IDHM. O resultado é que a maioria dos índices usados na pesquisa são significantes e vão ao encontro da metodologia que serve ao cálculo do IDHM. Constatou-se que o brasileiro está vivendo mais, mas não se pode afirmar que a maioria dos brasileiros está vivendo melhor, pois vários problemas sociais foram intensificados nos últimos anos.
Interpersonal Process of Dyadic Coping in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Perspective From the Australian Rheumatology Association Database
Authors: Mittinty Manasi M. , Mittinty Murthy N. , Buchbinder Rachelle , Lassere Marissa , Chand Vibhasha , Whittle Samuel , March Lyn , Hill Catherine
Published: May 2024

Objective

Dyadic coping, the process of coping that transpires between couples challenged by one partner’s illness, is an important predictor of disease adjustment and patient well-being. However, the extent of dyadic coping in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear. This study examines the effect of dyadic coping on psychological distress and relationship quality from the perspectives of both participants with RA and their spouses.

Methods

Participants and their spouses were invited to participate in an online survey study if they were aged ≥ 18 years and had lived together for more than a year. The survey included the Chronic Pain Grade Scale, Dyadic Coping Inventory, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Participants and spouses completed the survey independently. The actor-partner interdependence model was used to analyze the dyadic data.

Results

One hundred sixty-three couples participated. Our findings showed that participants who reported higher supportive dyadic coping reported lower depression, anxiety, and stress, and higher relationship quality, whereas participants who reported higher negative dyadic coping reported higher depression, anxiety, and stress, and lower relationship quality. Spouses who reported higher supportive dyadic coping reported higher relationship quality, but no effect on depression, anxiety, and stress was observed. In contrast, spouses who reported higher negative dyadic coping reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, and lower relationship quality.

Conclusion

Participants’ and spouses’ perceptions of supportive and negative dyadic coping closely influenced their psychological distress and relationship quality. Further, having a partner with RA also seemed to affect the spouse, especially when there was a negative dyadic coping pattern.
AI as a Collaborative Partner
Authors: Ibrahim Mirna
Published: May 2024

Literacy education aims to develop students' reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. Collaborative learning and peer feedback can enhance literacy development, but effectively facilitating these in the classroom presents challenges. This chapter explores how artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tools can be leveraged to augment collaboration and peer feedback in literacy tasks. AI features such as machine learning, natural language processing, and sentiment analysis are examined for their potential to make collaborative literacy learning more engaging, equitable, and productive. Examples of existing implementations demonstrate the feasibility of these approaches. Risks such as over-reliance on automation and bias in algorithms are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of human oversight when integrating AI into education.
Transformative Nanotechnology Applications in Soil Remediation and Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Nouri Mohamed
Published: May 2024

The soil's composition, structure, and nutrients have altered throughout time. These changes are natural and anthropogenic. Economic, environmental, and social benefits, including ecosystem services, come from restoring degraded land and exploiting marginal land. Most physiochemical remedies for damaged land are difficult, costly, and time-consuming. Nano-remediation and nano-restoration are novel, efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and dependable for toxin remediation and risk reduction. The high surface area/volume ratio, increased reactivity, customizable physical qualities, and adaptability of nanoscale entities make them attractive for soil remediation. Different nanomaterials (NMs) and nanotools can clean up pollutants. Both foreign chemicals and polluted location affect these methods. Decontaminating soil contaminants with nanoscale entities reduces their detrimental effects on humans, plants, and animals. It also discusses nanoparticles (NPs) and ex- and in-situ cleanup. The authors discuss nanoscale item uses in soil remediation and land restoration in this chapter.
Exploring the Potential of Medicinal Plants in Phytomedicine
Authors: Baruah Barsha , Kumari Bobita , Khatoon Afsana , Borah Dhitri , Kumar Neelesh
Published: May 2024

Phytomedicine refers to the use of plants to treat, diagnose and prevent diseases for thousands of years. Medicinal plants, often known as the traditional healers, are potentially rich in phytochemicals with promising pharmacological properties and therefore have been incorporated in traditional medicines. Various medicinal plants and trees are well known for their phytomedicinal benefits and are used in various drugs with lesser side effects. Active components like alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, proanthocyanins, sesquiterpenes, glycosides, saponins, volatile oils, minerals, etc. are present in medicinal plants. Some common medicinal plants are used widely such as Azadirachta indica (Neem), Murraya koinigii (Curry leaves), Emblica officinalis (Amla), Myrica esculenta (Kaphal, Bayberry), Terminalia bellerica (Bahera), Terminalia chebula (Haritaki), Mimosa pudica (Humble plant), and Phyllanthus niruri. In this chapter, some phytomedicinal plants and their medicinal properties as well as efficacy are reviewed and discussed.
Plant Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Mandal Sudeshna , Borah Dhitri , Boruah Dipjyoti , Kumar Neelesh , Shrivastav Avanish Kumar , Singh Amarjeet
Published: May 2024

Secondary metabolites produced by plants are particular to their species or genus and do not contribute to the basic processes of growth, development, and reproduction. These compounds play a key role as feed deterrents against herbivores, protectants from microbial infection, abiotic stresses, UV-protectants, pollinators attractants, antioxidants, and signalling molecules. Based on their chemical structures and production routes, secondary metabolites may be further classified across several classes. Alkaloids, terpenes, and phenolic chemicals make up the largest and most common group. The importance of secondary metabolites found in plants for human nutrition has grown to be an important interesting research area. Secondary metabolites are used by people as medicine to cure illnesses and infections, flavourings, and pesticides in the recent past. Therefore, an overview of plants is provided in this chapter including secondary metabolites and how these compounds are relevant to human health.
A Deep Learning Framework for Modeling Temporal Dependencies and Hierarchies in Hourly Electricity Demand Load
Authors: Shoko Claris , Moroke Ntebogang Dinah , Makatjane Katleho
Published: May 2024

The limitations of traditional deep learning models in processing vast volumes of data and modelling complicated temporal dependencies make it difficult to effectively satisfy these objectives for short-term load forecasting (STLF). This chapter utilises deep learning, which enables the following: k-means clustering to comprehend hourly electricity demand load trend, extraction of complex features with non-linear interactions that impact electricity demand load, handling of long-term dependencies through the modelling of temporal hierarchies in the time series data via long short-term memory, and recurrent neural network to capture dependencies across time steps. The performance of the state-of-the-art hourly demand forecast models with the k-means variant is compared with that of the RNN-LSTM-CNN-copula. Furthermore, it is noted that RNN-LSTM-CNN-copula is a viable deep learning model for energy consumption forecast problems because of its capacity to learn the spatio-temporal dependencies in the hourly electrical demand load data, which results in an accurate energy demand forecast.
Securing the Future
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , A. Rahul
Published: May 2024

In the meticulously networked world of today, cybersecurity is a primary concern for firms operating in various industries. The cornerstone for protecting sensitive information and fending off cyber threats is administrative compliance. This chapter delves into the important area of risk assessment in cybersecurity, emphasizing administrative compliance as a primary concern. It promotes the use of a robust compliance administration system in order to effectively manage compliance complexity. Through the coordination of such a system, enterprises may competently investigate administrative situations, ready their cybersecurity defenses, and preserve the accuracy of their data. This strategy strengthens firms' overall resilience against evolving cyber threats while also addressing immediate compliance challenges.
Enhancing 2D Logistic Chaotic Map for Gray Image Encryption
Authors: Abu Laila Dena , Al-Na'amneh Qais , Aljaidi Mohammad , Nasayreh Ahmad Nawaf , Gharaibeh Hasan , Al Mamlook Rabia , Alshammari Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Cryptography has demonstrated its utility and efficacy in safeguarding confidential data. Among the most potent algorithms for encrypting images is chaos theory, owing to its numerous noteworthy attributes, including high sensitivity to initial conditions and parameters, unpredictability, and nonlinearity. This study employed a two-dimensional logistic chaotic map to encrypt the data. The map utilizes permutation-substitution in the image to ensure both confusion and diffusion, thereby establishing a secure cipher. As measured by UACI and NPCR, this method enables immovability against differential attacks. The assessment of cipher image quality in the USC-SIPI image database involves the utilization of information entropy tests, key space, key sensitivity, APCC, UACI, and NPCR assessments, as determined by experimental findings on test images.
Thorough Analysis of Deep Learning Methods for Diagnosis of COVID-19 CT Images
Authors: Gnanaguru Gnaneswari , Priscila S.Silvia , Sakthivanitha M. , Radhakrishnan Sangeetha , Rajest S. Suman , Singh Sonia
Published: May 2024

Since March 2020, WHO has classified COVID-19 a pandemic. This respiratory-system-focused viral infection causes atypical pneumonia. Experts stress the necessity of early COVID-19 detection. Isolating affected people is essential to stopping the virus. Early identification and efficient tracking are crucial for treatment and transmission reduction due to urgency. CT scans are fast and accurate COVID-19 screening tools. Using these scans to classify COVID-19 requires a radiologist, which can prolong the process. This chapter examines common deep learning (DL) techniques for COVID-19 detection. Their use in image processing is explored to improve diagnostics. Deep learning, a subset of machine learning (ML), can automate screening with medical practitioners to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. The review discusses DL methods' pros and cons and their importance in radiologists' and doctors' collaboration.
Classification of Lung Images of COVID-19 Patients With the Application of Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Meenakshi C. , Meyyappan S. , Ram A. Ganesh , Vijayakarthick M. , Vinoth N. , Singh Bhopendra
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a smart approach that uses deep learning and feature extraction from chest CT scans to detect COVID-19 quickly and accurately. Strategically integrating transfer learning with pre-trained models to improve COVID-19 diagnosis is the major innovation. Two key phases comprise the research approach. Transfer learning is first used to deep learning models using CNNs like MobileNet, DenseNet, Xception, ResNet, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, VGGNet, and NASNet. PCA is used to improve feature representation and classification accuracy in these models after extensive training, testing, and validation. Kapur's entropy thresholding, morphology-based segmentation, and k-means clustering, enriched by transfer learning paradigms, are used for feature extraction. High-quality features are extracted using these methods, improving CT picture interpretability and informativeness. The results reveal that this integrative strategy improves detection accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and performance.
Research on Assessing Lidocaine, Ketamine, and Dexamethasone for Airway Complications
Authors: Mulla R. M. , Joshi V. M. , Patil P. B. , Thoti Kiran Kumar
Published: May 2024

Postoperative sore throats, hoarse voice, and emergency coughing are complications that can cause discomfort and dissatisfaction for patients after endotracheal intubation. This study aimed to assess how well three intracuff treatments reduced these problems while maintaining safety. Three hundred adult patients receiving elective surgery under general anaesthesia participated in a randomised, double-blind clinical experiment. Random assignments were made to provide intracuff alkalinized lignocaine, lignocaine combined with ketamine, or lignocaine combined with dexamethasone to the participants. The incidence of emergent coughing, painful throat following surgery, and hoarseness of voice were measured as the initial outcomes as soon as the patient was extubated. Unfavorable incidents were also noted.
Integrating Perspectives on Family Caregiving After Critical Illness: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Moale Amanda C. , Motter Erica M. , Eisenhauer Peter , Gandhi Nimit , Kim S. Peter , Girard Tim D. , Reynolds Charles F. , Leland Natalie E. , Chang Judy C. , Scheunemann Leslie P.
Published: May 2024

Background

To date, no intervention has definitively improved outcomes for families of critical illness survivors. An integrated perspective on caregivers’ needs after critical illness could help identify high-priority intervention targets and improve outcomes.

Objectives

To obtain diverse perspectives on the needs, barriers and facilitators, and social determinants of health associated with family caregiving across the critical illness continuum and assess the extent to which successful caregiving interventions in other populations may be adapted to the critical illness context.

Methods

This qualitative content analysis of 31 semistructured interviews and 10 focus groups with family caregivers, health care providers, and health care administrators explored family caregivers’ needs during post– intensive care unit (ICU) transitions and the barriers and facilitators associated with addressing them. Trained coders analyzed transcripts, identified patterns and categories among the codes, and generated themes.

Results

Caregivers have 3 instrumental needs: formal and informal support, involvement in care planning, and education and training. Only caregivers described their self-care and mental health needs. Social determinants of health are the key barriers and facilitators shaping the caregivers’ journey, and caregiving as a social determinant of health was a prominent theme.

Conclusions

Caregivers have instrumental, self-care, and mental health needs after critical illness. Adapting hands-on and skills training interventions to the post-ICU setting, while tailoring interventions to caregivers’ health-related social context, may improve caregiver outcomes.
A Model with Feedback Mechanism for Learning Hand-Eye Coordination: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bajaj Jitin , Yadav Yad R , Sinha Mallika , Kumar Ambuj , Hedaoo Ketan , Ratre Shailendra , Parihar Vijay , Swamy Narayan M
Published: May 2024

Background:

Practicing neuroendoscopic skills like hand-eye coordination is mandatory before embarking on actual surgeries. Synthetic models are able alternatives for cadavers and animals. Presently available models in the literature are either very costly or lack a feedback mechanism, which makes training difficult.

Objective:

We aimed to make a basic low-cost neuroendoscopic hand-eye coordination model with a feedback mechanism.

Methods and Materials:

An electronic circuit in series was designed inside a clay utensil to test inadvertent contact of the working instrument with implanted steel pins, which on completion lighted a light-emitting diode (LED) and raised an alarm. Two exercises—moving-a-rubber exercise and passing copper rings of multiple sizes were made and tested by 15 neurosurgeons.

Results:

The moving-a-rubber exercise was completed by 6/15 (40%) neurosurgeons in the first attempt, 6/15 (40%) in the second, and 3/15 (20%) in the third attempt. For the 1.5 cm copper ring passing exercise, 12/15 (80%) successfully performed in the first attempt; for 1 cm copper ring, 6/15 (40%) performed in the first; and for the 0.5 cm copper ring, 1/15 (6.6%) performed in the first attempt. The time to finish all the exercises significantly decreased in the third successful attempt compared to the first.

Conclusion:

The model gave excellent feedback to the trainee and examiner for basic neuroendoscopic hand-eye coordination skills.
Surgery Versus Endovascular Treatment for Proximal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: You Zongqi , Xiang Yaoxian , Dai Junxi , Huang Xinying , Wu Qi , Zhang Xin
Published: May 2024

Background:

Proximal anterior cerebral artery (PACA) aneurysms account for less than 1% of all intracranial aneurysms. These aneurysms possess a challenge to surgeons due to their small size, wide base, fragile wall, and accompanying vascular anomalies. Surgery and endovascular treatment are both effective treatment options for PACA aneurysms but there is currently no consensus on which is the method of choice.

Objective:

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate treatment strategies for aneurysms at proximal anterior cerebral artery.

Material and Methods:

The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 01, 2000 and December 01, 2020 that investigated surgery and/or endovascular treatment for patients with PACA.

Results and Conclusions:

Nineteen retrospective studies involving 358 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among these patients, 150 were treated surgically and 208 were treated using an endovascular technique. Preoperative morbidity was significantly greater in the surgical patients compared with the endovascular treated patients but there was no difference between groups in procedural related morbidity. The rates of favorable clinical outcome at time of discharge and at follow-up were statistically significantly greater in the endovascular group compared with the surgical group. Procedural related mortality was 8.7% for the surgical group and 1% in the endovascular group. In summary, our meta-analysis emphasized the safety and efficiency of endovascular treatment, and concluded that it was superior to surgery in acquiring favorable clinical outcome and reducing the perioperative complications. However, surgery was still the preferred treatment strategy for ruptured PACA aneurysms. Preoperative evaluation seems to be of great vital.
Morphometric Analysis of the Neural Arch of C2 Vertebra in Indian Population
Authors: Varghese Jija E. , Rabi Suganthy , Joseph Vivek , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan , Prithishkumar Ivan J.
Published: May 2024

Background and Objective:

The most common injuries to upper cervical spine are fractures of the second cervical vertebrae. The study aims to evaluate the morphometry of the neural arch of the second cervical vertebrae in the South Indian population.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-three second cervical vertebrae of undetermined gender and age without any gross defect were used for the study. The dimensions of neural arch, including superior articular facet, inferior articular facet, pediculoisthmic component, lamina, spinous process, foramen transversarium, and vertebral foramen, were measured by two independent observers using digital vernier caliper accurate to 0.1 mm and the data was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were obtained for the variables. Paired t-test was done to compare the measurements between right and left sides.

Results:

There was no statistical difference between the right and left sides of the dimensions of superior articular facets, foramen transversarium, and the transverse diameter of inferior articular facet. The anteroposterior diameter of the inferior articular facets was more on the right side (P = 0.009). The width of the pediculoisthmic component in both the superior and inferior aspects was found to be less on the right side than that of the left (P = 0.006 and P = 0.031, respectively). The thickness in the middle one-third of laminae was optimum for bilateral safe screw insertion (≥4.0 mm) in 77% specimens.

Conclusion:

In summary, measurements of the transverse diameter of superior articular facet and thickness of lamina differed significantly from those reported in literature. This should be kept in mind while doing neurosurgery procedures in the Indian population.
Classification of Glioblastoma Associated with Immune Checkpoints and Tumor Microenvironment based on Immunogenomic Profiling
Authors: Zheng Ping , Zhang Xiaoxue , Ren Dabin , Bai Qingke
Published: May 2024

Background:

Immune microenvironment is involved in tumor initiation and progression, and its effect on glioblastoma (GBM) is still unknown.

Object:

We sought to investigate the association between immune status and GBM.

Methods:

Transcriptome data and the relevant clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and we identified two immune subtypes based on 29 immune-associated gene sets.

Results:

Through single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), we found that the high-immunity subtype had the most tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoint molecules in GBM patients. Furthermore, we could more effectively identify immune signature pathways in GBM.

Conclusion:

After validation with the GEO dataset, we conclude that the identified GBM high-immune subtypes may be amenable to the application of novel immune therapy for GBM.