bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effect of Natural Forest Conversion to Coffee-Based Forest on Soil Carbon Stock at Anfilo District, West Ethiopia
Authors: Daka Yohannes Shifera
Published: May 2022

Background: Natural forest degradation for coffee management and intensification in natural forest has been playing a great role in affecting forest carbon (C) stock potential in western and southwestern Ethiopia which is not studied well. By considering this issue, the current study was conducted with the aim to assess the soil C stock changes as a result of conversion of natural forest to coffee-based forest at Anfilo District, western Ethiopia. The District is 642 km west of Addis Ababa. For the present study, two adjacent land uses, protected natural forest (PNF) (1,576 ha) and forest with coffee (FWC) (2,364 ha) were considered. In light of this, soil samples were collected for the analysis of C content and bulk density (BD). Soil samples were taken by using ‘‘X’’ design from land size of 1mx1m (four at corners for C content and one in the center for BD analysis) at two levels of soil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) separately. Accordingly, a total of 120 soil samples (60 for C content and 60 for bulk density) were collected and taken to laboratory for the determination of C content and BD. Walkley-Black method was used to estimate soil C stock. Independent t –test was used to test for differences in soil C stocks at significant level of 0.05.Results: The findings of the present study revealed that significantly higher soil C stock was recorded for PNF (136.2 + 8.42 t C ha-1) than FWC (90.76 + 4.97 t C ha-1) (p<0.05).Conclusion: The study concluded that conversion of natural forest to coffee-based forest leads to a reduction of SOC by 33.4%, which is equivalent to the emission of about 166.613 t CO2 ha-1 to the atmosphere. Thus, maintaining and enhancing the soil carbon sequestration potential of this forest soil should be required through implementation of different conservation mechanisms.
Depicting polymorphism in eutectic mixtures
Authors: Singh Pawanpreet , Chadha Renu
Published: May 2022

Objective
The present investigation unveils the existence of polymorphism in eutectic mixtures of linezolid with syringic acid, fumaric acid and isonicotinamide. This is a first of its kind study confirming polymorphism in binary mixtures.
Methods
Binary mixtures of linezolid with different coformers were obtained by co-grounding in 1:1 stiochiometeric ratios and their eutectic nature was established by DSC, FTIR and powder XRD. The polymorphism within these eutectic mixtures was characterized by endo-exo-endo trio in their DSC thermograms; further confirmed using HSM, QPA, SEM and NMR analytical techniques. Solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate were also ascertained for the prepared polymorphic eutectics and compared with the pure drug.
Results
Polymorphism was detected by the appearance of an exotherm in between the two melting endotherms in DSC thermogram. This endo-exo-endo trio represent the heat mediated polymorphic transformation within the eutectic mixtures. The behavior was supported by the real time visual HSM. The percentage weight fractions of individual components in different eutectic polymorphs were determined by QPA using powder XRD data and gives reasonable results. The morphology and surface changes of eutectic polymorphs were reviewed by means of SEM. Eutectic polymorphs of linezolid with isonicotinamide (untreated and heat treated polymorphs) exhibits the 5 fold increase in aqueous solubility and 4 times faster intrinsic dissolution rate compared to commercialized linezolid.
Conclusion
This study reveals the existence polymorphism in linezolid eutectic mixtures having higher solubility could prove to be promising in pre-formulation.
The scalar and tensor glueball in production and decay
Authors: Klempt Eberhard
Published: May 2022

Evidence for the scalar and the tensor glueball is reported. The
evidence stems from an analysis of BESIII data on radiative
J/\psiJ/ψ
data into \pi^0\pi^0π0π0,
K_SK_SKSKS,
\eta\etaηη,
and \phi\omegaϕω [1].
The coupled-channel analysis is contrained by a large number of further
data. The scalar intensity is described by ten scalar isoscalar mesons,
covering the range from f_0(500)f0(500)
to f_0(2330)f0(2330).
Five resonances are interpreted as mainly-singlet states in SU(3), five
as mainly-octet states. The mainly-singlet resonances are produced over
the full mass range, the production of octet states is limited to the
1500 to 2100,MeV mass range and shows a large peak. The peak is
interpreted as scalar glueball. Its mass, width and yield are determined
to M_{glueball}=(1865\pm 25)Mglueball=(1865±25),MeV,
\Gamma_{glueball} = (370\pm 50^{+30}_{-20})\,MeVΓglueball=(370±50−20+30)MeV,
Y_{J/\psi\to \gamma G_0}=(5.8\pm1.0)\cdot 10^{-3}YJ/ψ→γG0=(5.8±1.0)⋅10−3.
The study of the decays of the scalar mesons identifies significant
glueball fractions [2]. The tensor wave shows the
f_2(1270)f2(1270)
and f_2'(1525)f2′(1525)
and a small enhancement at M=2210\pm40M=2210±40 MeV,
\Gamma= (355^{+60}_{-30})\,MeVΓ=(355−30+60)MeV [3].
An interpretation of these data is suggested.
The Compton Amplitude, lattice QCD and the Feynman-Hellmann approach
Authors: Can K.U. , Hannaford-Gunn A. , Horsley Roger , Nakamura Yasunobu , Perlt H. , Rakow P.E.L. , Sankey E. , Schierholz Gerrit , Stuben H. , Young Rowan Drury , Zanotti J. M.
Published: May 2022

A major objective of lattice QCD is the computation of hadronic
matrix elements. The standard method is to use three-point and
four-point correlation functions. An alternative approach,
requiring only the computation of two-point correlation functions
is to use the Feynman-Hellmann theorem. In this talk we develop this
method up to second order in perturbation theory, in a context appropriate
for lattice QCD. This encompasses the Compton Amplitude (which forms the
basis for deep inelastic scattering) and hadron scattering.
Some numerical results are presented showing results indicating what
this approach might achieve.
Some recent results on renormalization-group properties of quantum field theories
Authors: Shrock Robert
Published: May 2022

We discuss some higher-loop studies of renormalization-group flows and
fixed points in various quantum field theories
Nucleon axial form factors from lattice QCD
Authors: Alexandrou Constantia
Published: May 2022

We give an overview on the evaluation of the axial and pseudoscalar
form factors of the nucleon within the lattice QCD formulation. We
discuss recent results obtained from the analysis of
N_f=2+1+1Nf=2+1+1
twisted mass fermion gauge ensembles generated at physical values of the
pion mass. Besides evaluating the isovector form factors, and the PCAC
and Goldberger-Treiman relations, we also discuss results for the
strange and charm axial form factors. We provide a comparison with other
recent lattice QCD results obtained with different discretization
schemes of the fermion action.
Double-J/ψ system in the spotlight of recent LHCb data
Authors: Baru V. , Dong X.-K. , Guo F.-K. , Hanhart Christoph , Nefediev Alexey , Zou B.-S.
Published: May 2022

Recently the LHCb Collaboration announced intriguing results on the
double-J/\psiJ/ψ
production in proton-proton collisions. A coupled-channel interpretation
of the measured di-J/\psiJ/ψ
spectrum is presented and a possible nature of the proposed
near-threshold state X(6200)X(6200)
is discussed.
Excitations of static isolated fermions in the Higgs phase of gauge Higgs theory
Authors: Matsuyama Kazue , Greensite Jeff
Published: May 2022

A spectrum of localized excitations of isolated static fermions has been discovered in several different gauge Higgs theories. In lattice numerical simulations, we show that the charged elementary particles can have the spectrum of excitations in the Higgs phase of SU(3) gauge Higgs theory, q=2 Abelian Higgs theory, Landau-Ginzburg theory, and in chiral U(1) gauge Higgs theory. Possibly these excited states of the isolated fermions can be observed in ARPES studies of conventional superconductors. Also, we consider that similar kinds of excitations could exist in other gauge Higgs theories, such as the electroweak sector of the Standard Model.
Applying machine learning methods to prediction problems of lattice observables
Authors: Gerasimeniuk Nikolai , Chernodub Maxim N. , Goy V. A. , Boyda D. L. , Liubimov S. D. , Molochkov A. V.
Published: May 2022

We discuss the prediction of critical behavior of lattice observables in SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories. We show that feed-forward neural network, trained on the lattice configurations of gauge fields as input data, finds correlations with the target observable, which is also true in the critical region where the neural network has not been trained. We have verified that the neural network constructs a gauge-invariant function and this property does not change over the entire range of the parameter space.
SHAKESPEARE’İN KRAL LEAR, MACBETH VE III. RİCHARD TRAGEDYALARINDA TRAJİK KAHRAMAN VE KÖTÜ ADAM
Authors: Kayabaşı Şifa , Öztürk Çetindoğan Müşerref
Published: May 2022

Antik Yunan tragedyası ve Aristoteles’in tragedya kuramına temellendirilen trajik kahramanın soylu kökeni, yıkımla karakterize edilişi, hamartia, hybris gibi kavramlar etrafında çözümlenen yapısı Shakespeare tragedyalarında da belirli bir sürekliliği takip eder. Trajik kahraman açısından eylem, irade ve yazgı arasında kurulan ilişkinin ortaya çıkardığı kahraman-kurban ikiliğinin Shakespeare tragedyalarında da izi sürülebilir. Bütün bu benzerliklerin yanı sıra Shakespeare tragedyalarının trajik kahramanı, sözü edilen kavramların anlamsal değişimine de kaynaklık eder. Antik Yunan tragedyasının dinsel geleneğinin bir yansıması olarak varlık bulan kahraman imgesi Shakespeare tragedyasında iyi ve kötü özelliklerin bir arada sunulduğu karaktere doğru evrilen çok daha geniş bir perspektif sunar. Bu geniş perspektif trajik kahraman ve kurbandan sonra kötü birinin de tragedya kahramanı olduğu bir dönüşümü içerir. Bu çalışma, Aristoteles kuramı çerçevesinde açıklanan trajik kahraman teorisinin, tragedyanın ikinci büyük evresi olarak kabul edilen Elizabeth dönemi Shakespeare tragedyasında geçirdiği değişimin analizini yapmaktadır.
La profesionalización de la ingeniería y la construcción del Perú moderno (1899-1930)
Authors: Lizarme Villcas Nashely Yuvitza
Published: May 2022

La expansión de las obras públicas iniciada en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX generó importantes transformaciones económicas, políticas y culturales en la sociedad peruana. Entre ellas, impulsó la formación de una clase profesional compuesta por expertos en la planificación, ejecución y administración de proyectos de infraestructura y explotación de riquezas naturales. El presente artículo analiza la profesionalización de la Ingeniería en el Perú como parte de un proceso más amplio que se inicia con la búsqueda del Estado, con la colaboración de algunos sectores de la sociedad civil, por modernizar las estructuras productivas y formar una clase dirigente capaz de liderar los proyectos de modernización nacional. Se considera, además, la capacidad de agencia de este sector profesional para desarrollar sus propias estrategias de profesionalización tendientes a legitimar su discurso y su ejercicio profesional más allá del sector estatal. Por último, examina cómo ambos procesos anteriormente descritos influyeron en la formación de una inquietud social en el gremio ingenieril, la cual desembocó en la generación de propuestas técnicas de modernización de talante nacionalista y proindustrial.
Propuesta, desarrollo y validación de la escala Distance Higher Education Service Quality (DIHESQ)
Authors: Araya-Castillo Luis Andrés , Bernardo Mercè , Ganga Contreras Francisco A. , Barrientos Oradini Nicolás
Published: May 2022

Los sectores de educación superior han alcanzado altos niveles de competencia. En este escenario, algunas universidades han respondido a través de la oferta de estudios en modalidad no tradicional (a distancia). Se han propuesto diversas escalas para medir la calidad de servicio en educación superior, pero son pocos los estudios que se han enfocado en la modalidad a distancia (modalidad no tradicional). Esto es relevante, por cuanto la educación superior a distancia presenta características que la diferencian de la educación superior en modalidad tradicional (presencial). Dado esto, la presente investigación se concentra en realizar una propuesta, desarrollo y validación de una escala de medida de calidad de servicio en educación superior a distancia, la cual tiene por nombre Distance Higher Education Service Quality (DIHESQ). Se aplica una metodología en tres etapas. En primer lugar, se propone la escala de medida DIHESQ asegurando su validez de contenido; luego, se aplica el análisis de unidimensionalidad; y, por último, se analizan sus propiedades psicométricas. Se concluye que el modelo DIHESQ es de segundo orden, reflexivo y multidimensional, y está compuesto por las siguientes dimensiones: (a) profesores y enseñanza; (b) plan curricular y material de estudio; (c) evaluación y feedback; (d) administración y organización; (e) plataforma funcional; (f ) plataforma emocional; (g) apoyo institución; e (i) social y laboral.
Entre bosques tropicales y comunidades negras. El viajero del siglo XIX frente a la otredad del Pacífico colombiano
Authors: Peralta Agudelo Jaime Andrés , Díaz Benjumea Margarita Rosa
Published: May 2022

Este artículo analizará los esquemas de percepción y las platafor­mas discursivas a través de los cuales los viajeros extranjeros decimonónicos presentaron, en sus países de origen y a las élites nacionales, el medio natural y el universo sociocultural de las comunidades negras que habitaban en el litoral del Pacífico de la joven República de Colombia. Se verá que la selva húmeda tropical fue percibida como una despensa inagotable de insumos fabriles o como un eje estratégico del comercio mundial. A su vez, se descali­ficó el legado cultural y la trayectoria histórica de los colectivos afropacíficos y fueron tomados como el mayor obstáculo del «progreso» del área, pero igualmente como mano de obra barata para ponerla al servicio del sistema capitalista surgido tras el ocaso del Imperio español.
Asociación de dependencia de factores determinantes de acceso al crédito «gota a gota» en micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas
Authors: Barrera Lievano Jhony Alexander , Mendez Ortiz Edwin , Parra Ramirez Sandra
Published: May 2022

El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar si existe aso­ciación de dependencia entre las características que presentan las micro-, pequeñas y medianas empresas (Mipyme) en cuanto a tamaño, antigüedad, grado de escolaridad de sus gerentes y género, y la toma de crédito «gota a gota». Se desarrolla una investigación con metodología cuantitativa, se toma como población objeto de estudio a Mipyme de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Como hallazgos, se identifica que existe asociación de depen­dencia entre las variables de tamaño de la empresa, antigüedad de la empresa, grado de escolaridad del gerente y toma de crédito «gota a gota».
Cell Surface Markers and their Targeted Drugs in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Tianyun , Feng Huigen , Ma Yufei , Li Weidong , Ma Kai
Published: May 2022

Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women's health and its incidence is increasing. With the development of immunohistochemistry and gene expression microarray technology, the study of breast cancer typing has gradually matured, which has also contributed to the development of targeted therapy for breast cancer. At present, the popular breast cancer cell surface markers include: G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 [GPER-1], human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER-2], epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor [C-Met], folate receptor-α [FRα], integrin, programmed death ligand 1 [PD-L1], trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 [Trop-2], etc. Targeted drugs for breast cancer cell surface markers mainly include antibody drugs and small molecule inhibitor drugs, which exert anti-tumor activity by targeting receptors or ligands. This review summarizes the surface markers of breast cancer cells and their targeted drugs, hoping to provide new ideas for breast cancer targeted therapy.
An Immune-Suppressive Triterpenoid from the Roots of Kadsura coccinea
Authors: Tian Jiaxin , Li Kunyu , Ma Guanghai , Chen Gang , Gao Feng
Published: May 2022

Kadsura coccinea is a folk medicine from the family Schisandraceae. Clinically, it has been
used to treat many diseases like chronic gastritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lignans and triterpenes
are the main constituents of it. In this paper, phytochemical research on the root of K. coccinea was
carried out, leading to the isolation of a previously undescribed 3,4-secolanostane (1). Its structure was
established by means of comprehensive spectral analysis, including ECD calculation. Furthermore,
bioactivity assay revealed that 1 could elicit a moderate immune-suppressive activity, showing an IC50
value of 8.32 ± 0.13 μM against ConA-induced T-cell proliferation and with IC50 value of 15.58 ± 0.25
μM against LPS-induced B-cell proliferation. The results indicate that 1 might be used in the treatment
of rheumatic diseases.
Oxymatrine-induced Apoptosis in Fibroblasts like Synoviocytes via Regulation
of miR-146a/ TRAF6/JNK1 Axis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hong Hua , Li Jing
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is made when the synovial tissues and joints are destroyed
by the inflammation refection, especially the chronic inflammation. The RA-FLS was treated with
Oxymatrine, and the influence of miR-146a and TRAF6 /JNK pathway was explored.

Method:

Oxymatrine -treated RA-FLS were harvested to detect cell viability by CCK-8. The expression
of miR-146a was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of IRAK1, TRAF6, JNK1, and p-JNK1 was
obtained by Western blot.

Results:

The optimum oxymatrine concentration inhibiting RA-FLS was 4mg/ml at 48h. The expression
of miR-146a at 48h and 72h was higher than 0 and 24h in RA-FLS treated with 4mg/ml oxymatrine.
IRAK1, TRAF6, and p-JNK at 48h and 72h were lower than 0 and 24h in RA-FLS treated with 4mg/ml
oxymatrine. When the miR-146a was inhibited, the expression of miR-146a was very low in the miR-
146a inhibitor group. No matter whether oxymatrine existed, the expression of IRAK1, TRAF6, and p-
JNK in the miR-146a inhibitor group with or without oxymatrine was higher than the mock group, blank
group, and only oxymatrine added group. The cell viability in the miR-146a inhibitor group and oxymatrine
+ miR-146a inhibitor group was higher than in the other groups. When IRAK1 was over expressed,
the expression of miR-146a in the oxymatrine + IRAK1 overexpression group was higher than in
the IRAK1 overexpression group. However, The expression of IRAK1, TRAF6, and p-JNK1 in the
IRAK1 overexpression group with or without oxymatrine was higher than the pcDNA3.1 group, blank
group, and only oxymatrine added group. The cell viability in the IRAK1 overexpression group and oxymatrine
+ IRAK1 overexpression group was higher than in the other groups.

Conclusion:

Oxymatrine can inhibit RA-FLS proliferation via miR146a and IRAK1/TRAF6/JNK1 axis.
Hence, oxymatrine may be a drug or adjuvant drug to treat RA in the future.
Design and Synthesis of an Hsp90 and HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Antitumor
Agent
Authors: Wu Jiyong , Wang Dongbo , Nie Jing , Zhang Di , Sun Lei , Kan Shifeng , Xu Wei
Published: May 2022

Background:

Cancer incidence and mortality have been increasing, and cancer is still the leading
cause of death all over the world. Therefore, expanding the arsenal of anticancer drugs with high efficiency
and low toxicity is still one of the most challenging tasks. As a branch of antitumor drug design
and discovery, dual-targeting drug candidates draw extensive attention.

Objective::

In this work, we try to construct a multitarget drug candidate and evaluate its antitumor effects.

Methods:

Hsp90 and histone deacetylase were selected as two targets to design a dual targeting inhibitor
w11. Enzyme inhibition work, cell viability assay, and docking simulation were carried out to evaluate
the activity of the compound.

Results:

w11 could inhibit the activity of Hsp90α and HDAC6 with the IC50 of 50.1 nM and 8.1 nM,
respectively. In cell viability assay, five human tumor cell lines Eca-109, FaDu, HN6, MCF-7 and MDAMB-
231 were used, results showed that w11 could potently inhibit the proliferation of three human lines
with IC50 values in the nM range. Molecular docking experiments proved the rationality of structure design.

Conclusion:

Compound w11 was a potent Hsp90 and HDAC dual inhibitor for anticancer research.
Design, Synthesis, and Assay of New N-acyl-4-(4-aminoalkoxy- phenyl)-
thiazole-2-amine Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Ma Zheng-Yue , Han Chuang , Shang Pan-Pan , Xu Yuan , Wei Ben-Ben , Guo Xin-Yuan , Jian Meng-Meng , Yang Kan
Published: May 2022

Background:

Thiazoles are an important class of heterocyclic compounds with many biological
effects, including anticholinesterase activity.

Objective:

The purpose of this work was to synthesize new thiazole derivatives and evaluate as acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors (AChEIs) for Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods:

A series of new N-acyl-4-(4-aminoalkoxy-phenyl)-thiazole-2-amine derivatives was designed
and synthesized. Ellman assay protocol was used for the AchE and BuChE inhibitory activity. To correlate
better the drug-like property, the theoretical prediction was calculated using Mol inspiration software
2015 online. The potential binding mode of compounds with AChE and BuChE was investigated by the
molecular docking simulation.

Results:

All synthesized compounds exhibited a certain inhibitory activity on AChE and 5p had the most
effective selective inhibitory effect on AChE. The inhibitory form of 5p on AChE was shown to be a
combination of competitive and noncompetitive inhibition, according to enzyme kinetic tests. Docking
simulation studies revealed that the binding energy of 5p with AChE was lower than that of it with
BuChE, which also explained the selective inhibitory activity of 5p on AChE.

Conclusion:

These results provided valuable information for the design of potent AChEIs, and
it was believed that 5p could be a promising lead structure for its further development for the
treatment of AD.
The 100 Most-Cited Papers on Giant Cell Arteritis: A Bibliometric
Analysis
Authors: Micieli Jonathan A. , Xie Jim S.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) carries a significant risk of vascular and visual morbidity. Given its clinical importance, the 100 most frequently cited articles on GCA were sys-tematically identified and bibliometrically analyzed.

Methods:

All databases belonging to the Web of Science platform were searched for research arti-cles with no restriction on publication date. The distribution of papers among journals, countries of origin, and publication types were evaluated. The correlations between the year of publication with total number of citations and annual citation rate were also assessed.

Results:

The top 100 articles on GCA were published between 1946 and 2018 and were cited a median (range) of 229 (153-1751) times. The papers were published in 30 journals, including nine rheumatology journals (n= 45), seven general medical journals (n= 21), three ophthalmology jour-nals (n= 8), and eleven journals from other fields of research (n= 26). Based on corresponding au-thor affiliation, the articles originated from 13 countries, led by the US (n= 55), Spain (n= 12), and the UK (n= 11). Clinical studies (n= 73) and non-systematic reviews (n= 11) were the most com-mon publication types. The median (range) number of authors per article was 5 (1-44), and 73 indi-viduals had more than one authorship. Year of publication was significantly correlated with the an-nual citation rate (P<0.001) but not with the total number of citations (P= 0.487).

Conclusion:

This bibliometric analysis provides insight into the history and evolution of GCA research, highlighting some of the most influential contributions to the field. The latest landmark papers may not have been identified due to temporal constraints on citation accumulation.
Occupational Safety of Pregnant Health Care Workers at the time of
COVID-19
Authors: Mangla Mishu
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is probably the biggest international crisis in Worldwar-
2. Health care workers are any country’s biggest asset at the time of coronavirus pandemic. A
pregnant health care worker involved in patient care may face multiple risks for herself and her foetus.
This article briefly discusses the problems faced by pregnant health care staff and works out
possible solutions for the same. Workplace health protection for herself and her unborn fetus is the
right of all pregnant health care workers and a uniform policy ensuring the same is the need of the
hour.
Photobiomodulation Effects on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: A
Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies
Authors: Mylona Valina , Anagnostaki Eugenia , Chiniforush Nasim , Barikani Hamidreza , Lynch Edward , Grootveld Martin
Published: May 2022

Background:

Stem cell therapy has been considered to play a paramount role in the treatment
modalities available for regenerative dentistry. The established beneficial effects of photobiomodulation
(PBM) at the cellular level have led to the combined use of these two factors (PBM and stem cells). The
main goal of this study was firstly to critically appraise the effects of PBM on periodontal ligament stem
cells (PDLSCs), and secondly to explore the most effective PBM protocols applied.

Methods:

Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar search engines were used to
identify experimental in vitro studies in which PBM was applied to cultured PDLSCs. After applying
specific keywords, additional filters, and inclusion/exclusion criteria, a preliminary number of 245 articles
were narrowed down to 11 in which lasers and LEDs were used within the 630 - 1064 nm wavelength
range. Selected articles were further assessed by three independent reviewers for strict compliance with
PRISMA guidelines, and a modified Cochrane risk of bias to determine eligibility.

Statistical Analysis:

The dataset analysed was extracted from the studies with sufficient and clearly presented
PBM protocols. Simple univariate regression analysis was performed to explore the significance of
contributions of potential quantitative predictor variables toward study outcomes, and a one-way ANOVA
model was employed for testing differences between the laser or LED sources of the treatments. The significance
level for testing was set at α = 0.05.

Results:

The proliferation rate, osteogenic differentiation, and expression of different indicative genes for
osteogenesis and inflammation suppression were found to be positively affected by the application of
various types of lasers and LEDs. With regard to the PBM protocol, only the wavelength variable appeared
to affect the treatment outcome; indeed, the 940 nm wavelength parameter was found not to exert
a favourable effect.

Conclusions:

Photobiomodulation can enhance the stemness and differentiation capacities of periodontal
ligament stem cells. Therefore, for PBM protocols, there remains no consensus amongst the scientific
community. Statistical analyses performed here indicated that the employment of a near-infrared (NIR)
wavelength of 940 nm may not yield a significant favourable outcome, although those within the 630 -
830 nm range did so. Concerning the fluence, it should not exceed 8 J/cm2 when therapy is applied by
LED devices, and 4 J/cm2 when applied by lasers, respectively.
Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) Isozymes as Potential Targets in Tobacco Condensate-
induced Colon Damage
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev K. , Khanduja Krishan L. , Yadav Subodh K. , Sharma Ujjawal , Avti Pramod , Rana Satyavati
Published: May 2022

Aims:

To find out the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) isozymes as potential targets in tobacco
condensate-induced colon damage.

Background:

The effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation
of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and its isozymes in colon cells, which are still unclear and emerging, are studied.

Objectives:

The study aimed to check the effect of CSC on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide.
Also, the effect of CSC on gene expression of different secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) was evaluated.
Moreover, the impact of inhibition of sPLA2 on various cell properties i.e. cell viability, cell proliferation, membrane
damage and free radicals’ generation is also studied.

Methods:

CSC-induced changes were evaluated in cell viability by MTT assay, followed by the evaluation of membrane
modulation by flow cytometry, free radical generation by fluorescent dyes, PLA2 isoforms gene expression patterns
and their suppression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) studied in HCT-15 male and HT-29 female colon cells

Result:

Our results demonstrate that HCT-15 and HT-29 cells treated with CSC significantly reduced the cell viability
by 50% within 48 h and significantly enhanced the total reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2 to 10-fold, and mitochondrial
ROS (mtROS) and superoxide radicals (SOR) by 2-fold each. Treatment with CSC significantly unregulated
secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) IID group and down-regulated IB and cytosolic phospholipase (cPLA2) IVA
groups in HCT-15 cells without affecting them in HT-29 cells. Silencing the sPLA2 IID group results in an increase in
cell viability and a decrease in ROS. Silencing the PLA2 IVA gene in the HCT-15 cells showed a reduced expression
which had no impact on the CSC-induced cell proliferation, membrane damage and free radicals (ROS, mtROS, and
SOR) generation.

Conclusion:

Therefore, identifying cell-specific sPLA2 isozymes seems to play a key role in controlling the ROSinduced
damage by CSC and helps develop specific therapeutic strategies.
Revisiting Purine Nucleoside Cholinesterase Inhibitors - An Experimental
Glycon Structure/Activity Relationship Study
Authors: Rauter Amélia Pilar , Cachatra Vasco , Oliveira Maria Conceição , Lopez Oscar , Fernandez-Bolaños José G.
Published: May 2022

Background:

A new family of purine nucleoside cholinesterase inhibitors was disclosed
by us, with potency and selectivity over acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase controlled by
tuning structural and stereochemical features of nucleosides with perbenzylated glycosyl moieties.

Objective:

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new purine nucleosides were used to investigate
glycon protecting group pattern required for anticholinesterase activity and selectivity.

Method:

Regioselective chemistry to introduce methyl/benzyl groups in glycon donors and Nglycosylation
was used to acquire the target nucleosides. Evaluation of their biological potential and
selectivity as cholinesterase inhibitors was performed.

Results:

Synthetic strategies chosen resulted in high glycon donor's overall yield and regio- and
stereoselectivity was found in N-glycosylation reaction. Some of the new nucleosides are cholinesterase
inhibitors and selectivity for butyrylcholinesterase was also achieved.

Conclusion:

N-glycosylation reaction was stereoselective for the β-anomers while regioselectivity
was achieved for the N9 isomers when glycon positions 2 and 3 were methylated. Cholinesterase
inhibition was found when the 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O-methyl pattern is present in the sugar moiety.
Amongst the new compounds, the two most promising ones showed micromolar inhibition (mixed
inhibition), being one of them selective for butyrylcholinesterase inhibition.
Antimicrobial, Pesticidal and Food Preservative Applications of
Lemongrass Oil Nanoemulsion: A Mini-Review
Authors: Balasubramanian Deepika , Girigoswami Agnishwar , Girigoswami Koyeli
Published: May 2022

Background:

Essential oils that are extracted from plants have shown beneficial effects
on humans and animals, evidenced by traditional medicine. They possess many essential
phytocomponents that act as antimicrobial agents, and most of them are safe for external usage.

Introduction:

Lemongrass essential oil is extracted from the grass, such as Cymbopogon flexuosus,
and is used for antimicrobial activity for a long time. The efficacy of this oil is limited due
to the poor solubility and microbial penetration, easy vaporization, and lower stability. Nanoformulations
and nanoencapsulations are nanotechnology fields that aim to improve the bioavailability
of many natural compounds and enhance their stability. Lemongrass oil has also been
nanoformulated as nanoemulsion, and various antimicrobial activities against various pathogens
have been demonstrated, which are superior to free lemongrass oil.

Methodology:

We have used the search engines PubMed and Google Scholar for the mentioned
keywords and selected the recent references related to this topic.

Conclusion:

In this review, we have discussed various antimicrobial properties of lemongrass
essential oil nanoemulsion and its application, such as antibacterial, antifungal, pesticidal, food
preservative, and antibiofilm activity.
Ant-Colony-Algorithm-Based Intelligent Transmission Network Planning
Authors: Shah Mohd Asif , Yuan Jingzhong , Guo Jia , Xie Jinghai , Lu Shihua , Su Dongyu , Sun Mi
Published: May 2022

Background:

The efficiency of wireless sensor networks is limited by limitations in energy
supply. Efficient routing strategies should be designed to save and balance the energy consumption of
each node in a wireless sensor network.

Aim:

In this study, a transmission network based on an ant colony algorithm was proposed to meet the
power load demands of a city.

Objective:

Based on the chaos ant colony algorithm, using a combination of wireless sensor network
and node residual energy factors, a neighbor selection strategy was proposed.

Results:

The optimal result was 1896, and additional lines were: N14-15= 2, N4-16= 1, N5-12= 2, N7-13=
L, N6-14= 1, N7-8. The coding method of solving transmission network planning based on multi-stage
and multi-dimensional control variables was employed to decompose each control variable into two
variables. The sum of total weight and non-zero bits was transformed into high-dimensional variables
in state transition probability.

Conclusion:

The key analysis showed that the ant colony algorithm, as a simulated evolutionary algorithm,
is an efficient internal heuristic method.
Online learning satisfaction in higher education: what are the determining factors?
Authors: Suhandiah Sri , Suhariadi Fendy , Yulianti Praptini , Wardani Ratna , Muliatie Yurilla Endah
Published: May 2022

Covid-19 pandemic crisis has required the implementation of comprehensive online learning in Indonesia, including in the higher education institutions. Changes in the conventional way of face-to-face learning to online one provide both positive and negative responses, which will affect student learning satisfaction. This research aims to determine student satisfaction with the online learning which is associated with perceived technological complexity, student learning experience, online learning readiness, and presence of lecturers in online learning activities. This research employed a quantitative approach. Data were collected utlizing a google online questionnaire distributed through a network of lecturers. The samples were 439 students from state and private higher education institutions spreading across eight islands in Indonesia. Statistical analysis utilized the Structural Equation Model (SEM) in Stata 15. The results show that online learning satisfaction is positively influenced by student experience, online learning readiness, and the presence of lecturers in online learning. Moreover, online learning readiness can mediate student experience and online learning satisfaction but unable to mediate technology complexity and online learning satisfaction. These findings add to the literature on online learning satisfaction and provide direction for the solution of problems on online learning satisfaction. The proposed suggestion to higher education institutions is to encourage the development of online-based collaborative models and to provide a continuous experience for students.
The influence of personality traits on moral disengagement and drug use among adolescents with discipline problems
Authors: Mohamed Noor Hassline , Beckstein Amoneeta , Rathakrishnan Balan , Pang Nicholas Tze Ping
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to assess the influence of the Big Five personality traits, namely openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism on an individual inclination to moral disengagement and drug use. A total of 132 fourteen to seventeen-year-old adolescents with discipline problems from the secondary schools in Selangor, Malaysia was involved in the study. Employing correlational designs, the data were collected by using standardised questionnaires including the Moral Disengagement Scale, the Big Five Inventory, and the Drug Abuse Screening Test. The results showed that personality traits had a strong relationship with moral disengagement and drug use. More precisely, the study discovered a positive correlation between neuroticism and moral disengagement and drug use. Furthermore, the findings revealed that moral disengagement had an indirect effect on drug use through neuroticism, which served as a mediator between the two variables studied. The findings suggested that neuroticism was a personality trait associated with moral disengagement and drug use in adolescents who struggled with discipline problems. These factors have implications for school counselling and drug treatment and prevention programmes. Further recommendations and future research on this topic have been suggested in this article.
How students’ entry-level competencies determine the learning needs of BIPA lectures?
Authors: Pratiwi Yuni , Suyitno Imam , Fawzi Ary , Ariani Dewi , Arista Heni Dwi , Luciandika Ariva
Published: May 2022

BIPA (the acronym of Bahasa Indonesia untuk Pelajar Asing) is one of the Indonesian-language learning programs for foreign learners. Understanding entry-level of student competencies are very useful as a starting point for preparing learning according to their learning needs in future lectures. This study aimed to describe how to assess student competence before conducting the lecture to determine their learning needs. This study used a qualitative and quantitative approach conducted in BIPA lectures involving seven lecturers as informants and 159 students as samples. Data were collected through document analysis, interviews, and tests. Qualitative data were used to describe the essential learning materials studied in BIPA lectures. Quantitative data were analyzed using the statistical tool 'Pearson Product Moment to assess entry-level competencies of students before taking courses. The results showed that the entry-level of students were in a low category. The correlation showed that the Grade Point Index (GPI) achieved in the previous lecture did not contribute significantly to student understanding in BIPA lectures because of the different substantial topic of the subjects. The low entry-level test scores reflect the students have not mastered the essential materials for BIPA lectures so they need to study them seriously. These findings can be used as a reference in determining the learning needs of students in the BIPA special program lectures. Therefore, these findings are useful for designing learning and determining policies that can meet the learning needs of students.
Regional Aspect of Support of Individual Entrepreneurial Initiative Within the Framework of the National Project Implementation
Authors:   Orel State University named after I. S. Turgenev, Pyanova Natalia V. , Aleksa Elizaveta A. ,   Orel State University named after I. S. Turgenev, Lygina Nina I.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The effective development of small and medium-sized businesses contributes to the acceleration of the socio-economic development of the district, generally changing the quality of life of the population. On the example of the Orel region, the problems that commercial organizations face in the course of their activities are investigated. The paper examines the existing regional projects in the Orel region, as well as what impact they have on the regional economy and what consequences they entail. In addition, statistical data and key indicators are analyzed.It is worth noting that the digital transformation of the Russian economy in the current conditions of globalization and the emergence of new information technologies is becoming an objective necessity. Thus, the article contains the directions of digital transformation in the small business sector by promoting the national project "Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative". The purpose of the study is to study a federal-scale national project, namely, consideration of the implementation of the project "Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative" on the example of the Orel region. Objectives. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to consider historical references on the development of small business in Russia, the project targets and objectives, federal projects included in the national project, indicators and results of the existing programs of the national project in the Orel region and especially focus on the comparative analysis of indicators in the past period and now. Methodology. In the process of studying the issue of the implementation of the project "Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative", methods of logical, statistical analysis, synthesis method, consistency and others were used. Results. Using the analysis of indicators in the past period and currently, a preliminary conclusion has been made about the effectiveness and efficiency of the measures used to support small and medium-sized businesses. Conclusions. The results of the study showed that small and medium-sized businesses need the support of the state. The national project "Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative" has the status of active implementation in the Orel region.
System-Forming Elements of Russia's Foreign Economic Security at the Present Stage
Authors:   Tambov State University named after G. R. Derzhavin, Savvateeva Olga V. , Merkulova Elena Yu.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The influence of world economic systems, world economic phenomena and processes on the national economy of Russia in current conditions is quite significant. Therefore, within the framework of relevance, the target basis of the study was the generalization of theoretical concepts and methodological approaches to identifying the essence of new system-forming elements of ensuring the country's economic security in foreign economic cooperation at the present stage of economic relations. The purpose of the study is to generalize theoretical concepts and methodological approaches to identifying the essence of the system-forming elements of ensuring the economic security of the country in foreign economic cooperation at the present stage of economic relations. Objectives: To consider theoretical and methodological aspects that make it possible to identify the main problems of ensuring Russia's economic security in the foreign economic sphere; to clarify the system-forming elements of ensuring Russia's economic security in foreign economic cooperation at the present stage, as well as to assess the impact of crises and sanctions. Methodology. The research is based on general scientific methods of empirical research (observation, measurement, experiment), analysis and synthesis, analogy, systematization, as well as on the development of theoretical and practical recommendations for the introduction of new elements of the foreign economic security system into federal and regional development programs of enterprises and territories. Results. The second level of ensuring foreign economic security identified by the authors is due to the fact that various infrastructural institutions, unions, associations and coalitions formed in the world over the past 50-70 years have been formed and are developing steadily, have a supranational role and status, the ability to self-regulate, and their management decisions affect not only the strategy and tactics of political, socio-economic and other types of sustainable development of states, but also the activities and development of economic entities residents of a country, adaptively and promptly respond to the formation of new system-forming elements of foreign economic security. Conclusions. The authors conclude that the current stage of ensuring Russia's foreign economic security, taking into account the global challenges of global problems and the sanctions policy of the Western Bloc countries, is undergoing structural restructuring caused by the transformation of old and the emergence of new system-forming elements. The basis of the modern concept of changes will be Russia's active policy at the second level of foreign economic security, proposed by us, on the formation of new structures and coalitions of international cooperation.
Assessment as Learning in Medical Education: Feasibility and Perceived Impact of Student-Generated Formative Assessments
Authors: Lakhtakia Ritu , Otaki Farah , Alsuwaidi Laila , Zary Nabil
Published: May 2022

Background

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is gaining widespread recognition as a vital competency that is desirable to sustain lifelong learning, especially relevant to health professions education. Contemporary educational practices emphasize this aspect of undergraduate medical education through innovative designs of teaching and learning, such as the flipped classroom and team-based learning. Assessment practices are less commonly deployed to build capacity for SRL. Assessment as learning (AaL) can be a unique way of inculcating SRL by enabling active learning habits. It charges students to create formative assessments, reinforcing student-centered in-depth learning and critical thinking.

Objective

This study aimed to explore, from the learners’ perspectives, the feasibility and perceived learning impact of student-generated formative assessments.

Methods

This study relied on a convergent mixed methods approach. An educational intervention was deployed on a cohort of 54 students in the second year of a 6-year undergraduate medical program as part of a single-course curriculum. The AaL intervention engaged students in generating assessments using peer collaboration, tutor facilitation, and feedback. The outcomes of the intervention were measured through quantitative and qualitative data on student perceptions, which were collected through an anonymized web-based survey and in-person focus groups, respectively. Quantitative survey data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM), and qualitative inputs underwent thematic analysis.

Results

The students’ overall score of agreement with the AaL educational intervention was 84%, which was strongly correlated with scores for ease and impact on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis included prominent characteristics, immediate gains, and expected long-term benefits of engagement. The prominent characteristics included individuals’ engagement, effective interdependencies, novelty, and time requirements. The identified immediate gains highlighted increased motivation and acquisition of knowledge and skills. The expected long-term benefits included critical thinking, problem solving, and clinical reasoning.

Conclusions

As a form of AaL, student-generated assessments were perceived as viable, constructive, and stimulating educational exercises by the student authors. In the short term, the activity provided students with a fun and challenging opportunity to dive deeply into the content, be creative in designing questions, and improve exam-taking skills. In the long term, students expected an enhancement of critical thinking and the inculcation of student-centered attributes of self-regulated lifelong learning and peer collaboration, which are vital to the practice of medicine.