bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Komunikasi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru
Authors: Rudiansyah
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi dan mendeskripsikan strategi komunikasi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru, jenis-jenis komunikasi yang di terapkan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru, apa saja hambatan komunikasi kepala dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru dan bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan kepala sekolah dalam mengatasi hamabatan komunikasi.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang dilaksanakan di SMP IT Ash- Shiddiqi Kecamatan Pemayung.Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan studi dokumen. Setelah data terkumpul lalu diperiksa dan dianalisis melalui managemen data, pengkodean dan pembuatan tema, dan penyajian hasil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) strategi komunikasi kepala dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru melalui mengenal Khalayak, menyusun pesan, menetapkan metode, pemilihan media. (2) jenis komunikasi yang diterpkan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru ialah: komunikasi interpersonal, komunikasi kelompok dan komunikasi massa. (3) Hambatan komunikasi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru merangkup pada rintangan kerangka berfikir, gangguan teknis, tidak fokus. (4) upaya kepala sekolah mengatasi hambatan komunikasi. Melengkapi sarana penunjang komunikasi seperti memasang jaringan internet (Wifi), menggunakan bahasa yang mudah dipahami dan mengedepankan komunikasi interpersonal dengan cara tatap muka.
Factors associated with level of income derived from working donkeys for smallholder farmers in the central highlands of Kenya
Authors: Gichure Mary , Onono Joshua , Wahome Raphael , Gathura Peter
Published: September 2020

Few studies have documented the economic benefits obtained from working donkeys within the context of a highland agro-ecosystem. The objective of this study was to determine farm level factors associated with household incomes for farms that keep donkeys within smallholder farms in central Kenya. Data was collected using a semi- structured questionnaire administered to 351 donkey owners and users and analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis.  The results show that an average household owned three donkeys with a ratio of male to female donkeys estimated at 2:1. Majority (83%) of the donkeys were purchased into farms. Most households (98%) relied on donkeys as their primary source of income. The monthly gross margin obtained through commercial transport of goods using donkeys was 9,272 ± 41.7 KES implying a gross profit of 62%. The farm level factors that were associated with level of household incomes included the number of working donkeys reared per farm (P < 0.001), number of hours the donkeys worked (P = 0.05), savings from using own donkey transportations (P < 0.001) and engaging in crops (P = 0.017) and other livestock farming (P = 0.004). Alternative household income could be earned from the sale of donkey manure, hiring out of donkeys for work and sale of adult donkeys or their foals. Indirectly, use of own donkey for transport saved on transport and labor charges. These results call for a shift in attention on donkey health and welfare, which is ignored by livestock extension agents and policy makers in most farming systems across the developing world, where communities rely on donkeys as a source of subsistence for livelihoods.
87 million years of recorded history in Labrador: Birth, life, and sleep of the Kiglapait Intrusion
Authors: Morse Stearns A. , Brady John B. , Banks Deborah CASE
Published: September 2020

The Kiglapait Intrusion on the north coast of Labrador is a bowl-shaped body dominated by troctolite about 3500 km3 in initial volume and was created during an intrusive event perhaps lasting thousands of years. It was emplaced into anorthosite and metasedimentary rocks at an estimated roof depth of 9.6 km and a magma depth of 8.4 km; hence with a floor at 18 km depth. The primary magma for the intrusion is thought to have been of harzburgite composition; a large volume of olivine crystallized in transit, to the extent that the magma became saturated with plagioclase by the time it reached the site of emplacement or soon after. To test this hypothesis, piston-cylinder experiments were made at 5–15 kbar in graphite using the Kiglapait Intrusion bulk composition with Fo-rich olivine added. Results at 13 kbar yielded saturation with garnet, olivine, spinel, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and melt. This assemblage is compatible with a lherzolite solidus at 1375 °C. A postulated harzburgite solidus at 15 kbar would be hotter, perhaps 1410 °C. Partial melt from this harzburgite rising into a hot, thinned lithosphere is presumed to have shed large amounts of olivine to produce the plagioclase-saturated troctolitic basal Lower Zone of the intrusion. Conditions of emplacement are schematically developed in ternary Al–Ca–Fe diagrams. Some high-pressure experimental compositions of clino- and orthopyroxene are metastably enriched in Al but do not affect the interpretation of the magmatic history. We show that olivine fractionation will pass through the compositions of these aluminous minerals to reach a relatively evolved saturation with only plagioclase and olivine, resulting in the voluminous Lower Zone of troctolite. The amount of olivine crystallized to reach this result is calculated, using multiphase Rayleigh fractionation and a standard MELTS routine, to between 30% and 50%. Previously published argon-argon mineral dates on hornblende, biotite, and feldspars have captured a cooling history from ∼1258 °C to the ambient ∼100 °C over the time interval 1307 to 1220 Ma, hence the 87 million year history claimed in the title.
Job Of Serum Heart Troponin-I For Chance Separation In First Assault In Intense Myocardial Dead Tissue
Authors: Belal Mohammed , Alam Shafiul
Published: September 2020

Cardiovascular troponin-I (cTnI) is known to have the most noteworthy explicitness and logical affectability for recognition of myocardial injury; it is utilized both as indicative and prognostic marker. This examination was expected to affirm this thought. Subjects and techniques: This imminent observational investigation included 60 patients of 40 to 65 years age go analyzed as intense myocardial dead tissue. The mean ages were 50±8 years and 53±8 years in Q – wave AMI and non Q-wave AMI separately. Male and female patients included were 86.7% and 13.3%; BMI was 25.3±1.5. Results: Study demonstrated troponin-I 7.53±0.086 ng/ml in Q wave and in non Q-wave AMI was 6.38±0.64 ng/ml following 24 hours of assault of AMI with no critical distinction between two gatherings (P>0.05). The mean troponin-I inside 9 hours of assault, were 1.60±0.80 ng/ml and 2.7±1.4 ng/ml in steady and unsteady gathering individually and the distinction discovered measurably huge (P<0.05)
Conflicto Escolar en la Educación Rural del Nororiente de Colombia
Authors: Álvarez-Ovallos Alveiro , Gélvez-López Aurora , Mosquera-Téllez Jemay
Published: September 2020

El conflicto escolar, problemática que atañe a toda comunidad educativa, tiene repercusiones que suscitan preocupación por cuanto sus manifestaciones afectan física, emocional y académicamente a los implicados. Sin embargo, el conflicto puede ser tomado como oportunidad de progreso personal para mejorar la convivencia y optimizar procesos institucionales; por lo tanto, el objetivo del trabajo se centró en caracterizar tipos de conflicto presentes en diferentes espacios escolares y sus formas de resolución en la Institución Educativa Edmundo Velásquez, ubicada en zona rural del departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia. La investigación fue de enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo e interpretativo con corte transversal, la población de estudio está conformada por 36 estudiantes del grado sexto de la básica secundaria y el instrumento de obtención de información es la observación participante, la cual permitió registrar en un diario de campo eventos, comportamientos que alteran el clima escolar. Los resultados demuestran prevalencia de conductas disruptivas en estudiantes varones, intolerancia y ausencia de valores, mientras que las conclusiones evidencian necesidad de mejorar relaciones interpersonales, promover armonía, generar cambios estructurales de carácter sociocultural, regular la resolución de conflictos a través de políticas educativas y mitigar situaciones con incidencia negativa en todo el estudiantado.
Método Socrático en el Aprendizaje Activo de Filosofía de las Estudiantes de Educación- UNSCH 2019
Authors: Quispe-Arroyo Adolfo
Published: September 2020

El método o diálogo socráticos es un método de dialéctica o parla lógica para la indagación de nuevas ideas o temas filosóficos en general y de sus disciplinas en particular. La presente investigación se concretó con el objetivo de determinar la influencia del método socrático en el aprendizaje activo de filosofía de las estudiantes de Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación-UNSCH 2019. En este sentido, se realizó una investigación explicativa de enfoque cuantitativo en el paradigma positivista con métodos experimental y comparativo para determinar la influencia de una variable independiente sobre otra variable dependiente. El método socrático en el aprendizaje activo de filosofía, cuyo espacio geográfico corresponde a la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de “San Cristóbal de Huamanga”, dicha muestra quedó conformada por 48 estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Educación Inicial de dicha Facultad de serie 100 o primer año, curiosamente conformada solo por mujeres, formándose dos grupos a criterio del investigador: uno de control y otro experimental. Los resultados refieren luego de aplicación del método socrático al grupo experimental se incrementó significativamente el índice promedio de aprendizaje activo de filosofía a comparación de aquellas que no fueron expuestas a este método. En conclusión, el método socrático influye significativamente en el aprendizaje activo de filosofía en el grupo experimental a comparación del grupo de control quienes no aplican dicho método en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, según el parámetro estadístico universal “T” de Student (? < 0.05).
Rediseño del Programa de Estudios de Estadística para la Ingeniería en Alimentos
Authors: Garcia-Monroy Ana Isabel , Linares-Gonzalez Engelbert Eduardo , Martinez-Allende Lucero
Published: September 2020

En este proyecto se presentó una propuesta del programa de estudios de la asignatura de estadística, para el rediseño de planes y programas de la carrera de ingeniería en Alimentos en la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología. Se tomó un grupo piloto de 80 estudiantes, que cursaron esta materia en el segundo periodo del 2018, obteniendo un aumento favorable en su aprovechamiento escolar y una vinculación con otras áreas que se encuentran en su mapa curricular. Al manejar disciplinas interdisciplinares como programación, microbiología, métodos cuantitativos, envases, embalaje, diseño de experimentos, se ha logrado aplicar contenidos esenciales de cada una de ellas al trabajarlas con un conjunto de datos recopilados de un problema planteado, se desarrollan diferentes talentos laborales acorde con manejo de información, se alcanzó un aprendizaje meta-cognitivo, pensamiento crítico, un manejó en la solución de problemas, creatividad y novedosas creaciones se desarrolló que los llevan a conclusiones verdaderas, cómo el reforzamiento de habilidades en comunicación, colaboración, trabajo en equipo, el estudiante, adquirió nuevas estrategias, al ser capaz de vincular varias materias al mismo tiempo en crear un esbozo experimental.
Influencia del Modelo Interactivo de Keith E. Stanovich en la Comprensión de los Textos Cortos en Inglés de los Estudiantes de 9° de la I. E. Escuela Normal Superior San Mateo, Boyacá
Authors: Colmenares-Caceres Anderson Fabian
Published: September 2020

Después de algunas observaciones realizadas en el año 2019 con alumnos pertenecientes a octavo grado fue posible descubrir, a través de pruebas estandarizadas, que los mismos contaban con falencias que les impedían comprender eficazmente textos cortos es inglés. Por ende, fue llevada a cabo esta investigación acción con el objetivo de analizar la influencia del Modelo Interactivo de Keith E. Stanovich en la comprensión lectora de textos cortos en inglés por parte de los estudiantes de noveno grado de la Institución Educativa Escuela Normal de San Mateo (Boyacá). El modelo de lectura previamente mencionado cuenta con una interacción continua que se da entre el modelo ascendente “bottom- up” en el cual el lector decodifica un texto partiendo de  unidades más pequeñas (letras a palabras, frases a oraciones, etc.) y descendente “top-down” en el cual el lector aporta una gran cantidad de conocimientos, expectativas, suposiciones,  preguntas al texto y, dando un conocimiento básico del vocabulario, continúa  leyendo mientras el texto confirma sus expectativas; Este estudio fue desarrollado bajo un enfoque mixto; Los instrumentos empleados para recopilar los datos fueron dos pruebas diagnósticas, cuatro talleres, y dos pruebas finales aplicadas a diez estudiantes de noveno grado.   Los datos se analizaron tanto cuantitativa como cualitativamente, utilizando los instrumentos de investigación propuestos por Vanegas (2020). Con respecto a los hallazgos, se concluyó que el uso del Modelo Interactivo fue efectivo para mejorar la capacidad de comprensión lectora de los estudiantes, tanto literal como inferencialmente.
Factores escolares y rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios de enfermería
Authors: Jaramillo-Pérez Diana Patricia , Pineda-Olvera Juan , Lara-Barrón Ana María
Published: September 2020

Introducción: estudios de trayectorias escolares permiten conocer diversas dimensiones de eficiencia escolar para incidir en la planeación y evaluación de la educación superior.
Objetivo: determinar la influencia de factores escolares en el rendimiento académico de alumnos de cuarto semestre de enfermería de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala.
Material y métodos: estudio correlacional con 230 estudiantes de cuarto semestre.
Variables: rendimiento académico, factores escolares y sociodemográficas. Se aplicó cuestionario validado por jueceo de expertos, confiabilidad por Alfa de Cronbach 0.80, previo consentimiento informado, base de datos con SPSS V. 20, análisis inferencial con prueba t de student.
Resultados: aplicación de prueba t de student para muestras independientes y comparar promedios entre mujeres y hombres, obteniendo 8.490 y 8.492, p=0.983; la diferencia no es estadísticamente significativa. También se empleó t de student para muestras independientes y asociar cada una de las seis categorías de los factores escolares con el rendimiento académico, obteniendo que no existe diferencia en estadística significativa con ninguna de las categorías de los factores escolares.
Conclusiones: Aunque no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa al asociar los factores escolares y el rendimiento académico, es necesario profundizar en este tipo de estudios para identificar factores que sean significativos.
Funcionalidad familiar y depresión en adultos mayores en una Institución de Salud de Ciudad Victoria
Authors: Rodríguez-Tovar Guadalupe L. , Medrano-Martínez Ma. Ramona , Castro- García Rosa I. , Rivera-Vázquez Patricia
Published: September 2020

Introducción: la familia es el grupo fundamental para incrementar el estado de salud de los adultos mayores, ya que promueve el bienestar y el desarrollo psicoemocional en los cuales la depresión es considerada como problema de salud pública pues involucra no sólo la intervención familiar sino también la del sector salud.
Objetivo: determinar la relación que existe entre depresión y funcionalidad familiar en el adulto mayor que acude a una unidad de salud de segundo nivel de atención en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México.
Material y métodos: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo-transversal y correlacional realizado con 139 adultos mayores en una institución de salud de la localidad mediante muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple, a través de entrevista y aplicación del Apgar familiar y escala de Yesavage. Los datos se analizaron mediante el programa SPSS v.22 a través de estadística descriptiva e inferencial.
Resultados: edad promedio 68.14 años, predominio femenino 63%, con escolaridad pri­maria 87%; 80% con ausencia de sintomatología depresiva, 81% bajo un entorno familiar normofuncional.
Conclusión: si existe relación entre ambas variables (p= 0.01).
Alteraciones neuropsicológicas y funciones ejecutivas superiores en adolescentes de padres con alcoholismo, vistos desde el modelo de adaptación de Roy
Authors: Mejía Benavides Jorge Emmanuel , García Campos María de Lourdes , Beltrán Campos Vicente
Published: September 2020

El alcoholismo por parte de los padres está estrechamente ligado a causar alteraciones cognitivas tanto a la persona dependiente de la sustancia como a las personas con las que convive éste todos los días, existen habilidades cognitivas de tipo superior llamadas funciones ejecutivas, las cuales regulan las acciones complejas del ser humano para llevar una conducta social aceptada, dichas funciones se desarrollan en la adolescencia, etapa en la cual el cerebro alcanza su tamaño igual al del adulto y por ende, su madurez. Callista Roy desarrolló un modelo del proceso cognitivo basado en las unidades funcionales del cerebro, se fundamenta en el conocimiento de la neurociencia y las observaciones en la práctica de enfermería, hace mención de las funciones ejecutivas y los cambios que sufre el adolescente.
Perspectiva espiritual del personal de enfermería de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos en un hospital de segundo nivel.
Authors: Olivares-Robles Gregoria , Ramírez-Marín María L. , Aguilera-Padilla Nayelli , Rodríguez-Calva Guadalupe , Román-Méndez Abraham
Published: September 2020

Introducción: La espiritualidad es entendida como un sistema de guía interno básico para el bienestar humano que influye en la vida, la conducta y la salud, no importando las creencias o las prácticas religiosas de la persona. Objetivo: Conocer la perspectiva espiritual que tiene el personal de enfermería en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) en un hospital de segundo nivel. Material y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal. Muestra conformada por 82 enfermeras de los turnos matutino, vespertino y nocturno de las UCI. Se utilizó la Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual. Resultados: Los niveles de bienestar espiritual que presento el personal en estudio fue: Un nivel alto. En el turno matutino predomino el nivel alto (36,4%) y moderado (36,4%), el vespertino con un nivel moderado (50%) y en los turnos nocturnos A y B nivel alto con 40,7% y 57,9% respectivamente. Conclusiones: La espiritualidad es un elemento que los profesionales de enfermería necesitan no solo para cuidar de sí mismos, sino para cuidar del otro. Al contar con personal de enfermería dentro de las UCI con bienestar espiritual alto, se tienen profesionales mayormente comprometidos con su trabajo, un mejor ambiente laboral y una mejor atención hacia los pacientes.
Pendukung Peningkatan Profesionalitas Guru Raudlatul Athfal
Authors: Hidayatulloh M Agung
Published: September 2020

This work pays attention to the supporting factors of professional improvement of Islamic kindergarten teachers. With a descriptive qualitative method, this research shows that the improvement of professionalism was supported by the internal factors as work enthusiasm, character, and loyalty. Whereas the supports of colleagues, families, government notices, and profession demand, thoughtfulness to the environment, and the spirit of educating children became external factors supporting the efforts.
Kiprah Dakwah Bi Al-Qalam Dan Bi Al-Lisan Syaikh Muhajirin Amsar Al-Dary
Authors: Khotib Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Artikel ini menemukan bahwa Sayikh Muhammad Muhadjirin Amsar al-Dary masuk dalam kategori pendakwah (muballigh) yang aktif berdakwah lewat media lisan dan tulisan. Hal ini terbukti dari banyaknya karya-karya tulis dalam bidang keagamaan yang beliau hasilkan semasa hidupnya. Selain itu, keikutsertaan Syaikh Muhajirin dalam dakwah lisan juga terbukti lewat pemikiran-pemikiran yang beliau lontarkan kala mengisi sebuah ceramah ataupun menanggapi sebuah permasalahan yang muncul di tengah masyarakat. Karya dan pemikiran yang beliau hasilkan dapat dikatakan telah mampu melakukan tugasnya untuk mengubah perspektif masyarakat awam tentang Islam dengan menawarkan pandangan-pandangan beragam dari berbagai sudut pandang mazhab untuk memahami bahwa Islam adalah agama yang universal
Carbonyl Sulfide (OCS): Detections in Comets C/2002 T7 (LINEAR), C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS), and 21P/Giacobini–Zinner and Stringent Upper Limits in 46P/Wirtanen
Authors: Saki Mohammad , Gibb Erika L. , Bonev Boncho P. , Roth Nathan X. , DiSanti Michael A. , Russo Neil Dello , Vervack Ronald J. , McKay Adam J. , Kawakita Hideyo
Published: September 2020

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is one of the sulfur-bearing molecules detected in different astronomical environments, including comets. The present-day sulfur chemistry in comets may reveal much about the origin of these ices and their subsequent processing history. Cometary sulfur molecules such as H2S, H2CS, SO2, SO, CS, CS2, S2, and NS have been detected in many comets. However, OCS, the only sulfur-bearing species with fluorescence emission lines at infrared wavelengths, is under-represented in comet volatile studies, having been reported in only six comets so far. We targeted OCS with the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility in comets 46P/Wirtanen, 21P/Giacobini–Zinner, and C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS) in 2017–2018 using the high-resolution iSHELL spectrograph, and in C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) in 2004 using the heritage CSHELL spectrograph. In comet C/2015 ER61, the OCS abundance was similar to those measured in bright comets such as comets C/2012 S1 (ISON) and C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake), whereas in C/2002 T7 it was relatively depleted. Our OCS measurement in 21P/Giacobini–Zinner is the first definitive detection of this molecule in a Jupiter-family comet from a ground-based facility and is close to the average OCS abundance determined in comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko by the Rosetta mission. Our 3σ upper limit for comet 46P/Wirtanen is the lowest reported OCS abundance in any comet. We present production rates and mixing ratios (with respect to H2O) for these comets and place our results in the context of comets measured to date.
OGLE-2018-BLG-0532Lb: Cold Neptune with Possible Jovian Sibling
Authors: Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Udalski Andrzej , Yee Jennifer C. , Penny Matthew T. , Zang Weicheng , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Han Cheongho , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (KMTNet Collaboration), Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radek , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin ,   (OGLE Collaboration), Mao Shude , Fouque Pascal , Zhu Wei , Wang Tianshu ,   (CFHT microlensing collaboration)
Published: September 2020

We report the discovery of the planet OGLE-2018-BLG-0532Lb, with very obvious signatures in the light curve that lead to an estimate of the planet-host mass ratio

. Although there are no obvious systematic residuals to this double-lens/single-source (2L1S) fit, we find that χ
2 can be significantly improved by adding either a third lens (3L1S, Δχ
2 = 81) or second source (2L2S, Δχ
2 = 77) to the lens-source geometry. After thorough investigation, we conclude that we cannot decisively distinguish between these two scenarios and therefore focus on the robustly detected planet. However, given the possible presence of a second planet, we investigate to what degree and with what probability such additional planets may affect seemingly single-planet light curves. Our best estimates for the properties of the lens star and the secure planet are a host mass M ∼ 0.25 M
⊙, system distance D

L
 ∼ 1 kpc, and planet mass

with projected separation

. However, there is a relatively bright I = 18.6 (and also relatively blue) star projected within

of the lens, and if future high-resolution images show that this is coincident with the lens, then it is possible that it is the lens, in which case, the lens would be both more massive and more distant than the best-estimated values above.
Stellar Population Synthesis with Distinct Kinematics: Multiage Asymmetric Drift in SDSS-IV MaNGA Galaxies
Authors: Shetty Shravan , Bershady Matthew A. , Westfall Kyle B. , Cappellari Michele , Drory Niv , Law David R. , Yan Renbin , Bundy Kevin
Published: September 2020

We present the first asymmetric drift (AD) measurements for unresolved stellar populations of different characteristic ages above and below 1.5 Gyr. These measurements sample the age–velocity relation in galaxy disks. In this first paper, we develop two efficient algorithms to extract AD on a spaxel-by-spaxel basis from optical integral-field spectroscopic data cubes. The algorithms apply different spectral templates, one using simple stellar populations and the other a stellar library; their comparison allows us to assess systematic errors in derived multicomponent velocities, such as template mismatch. We test algorithm reliability using mock spectra and Monte Carlo Markov Chains on real data from the MaNGA survey in Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV. We quantify random and systematic errors in AD as a function of signal-to-noise and stellar population properties with the aim of applying this technique to large subsets of the MaNGA galaxy sample. As a demonstration of our methods, we apply them to an initial sample of seven galaxies with comparable stellar mass and color to the Milky Way. We find a wide range of distinct AD radial profiles for young and old stellar populations.
Synthetic Spectra of Rotating Stars
Authors: Lipatov Mikhail , Brandt Timothy D.
Published: September 2020

Many early-type stars have oblate surfaces, spatial temperature variations, and spectral line broadening that indicate large rotational velocities. Rotation ought to have a significant effect on the full spectra of such stars. To infer structural and life history parameters from their spectra, one must integrate specific intensity over the two-dimensional surfaces of corresponding stellar models. Toward this end, we offer Paint the Atmospheres of Rotating Stars—an integration scheme based on models that incorporate solid body rotation, Roche mass distribution, and collinearity of gravity and energy flux. The scheme features a closed-form expression for the azimuthal integral, a high-order numerical approximation of the longitudinal integral, and a precise calculation of surface effective temperature at rotation rates up to 99.9% of the Keplerian limit. Extensions of the scheme include synthetic color–magnitude diagrams and planetary transit curves.
Infrared Color Separation between Thin-shelled Oxygen-rich and Carbon-rich AGB Stars
Authors: Lewis Megan O. , Pihlström Ylva M. , Sjouwerman Loránt O. , Quiroga-Nuñez Luis Henry
Published: September 2020

We present 43 GHz VLA spectra for 51 AGB sources with the goal of verifying an infrared (IR) color cut intended to separate carbon-rich (C) and oxygen-rich (O) AGB sources throughout the Galaxy. The color cut is a simple line in the [K

s
] − [A] versus [A] − [E] color–color diagram based on 2MASS and MSX photometry, and was originally derived from SiO detection rates in the Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution (BAaDE) sample. The division is fully supported by the spectra presented here, which show that SiO maser detections lie on the O-rich side, and SiO nondetections and a single HC3N detection are found on the C-rich side of the division. We further compare the color cut with classifications of the sources based on Low-Resolution Spectra from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, and find good agreement, verifying that the division is a reliable and efficient method for differentiating O- and C-rich AGB sources. These observations also demonstrate that single lines detected in the BAaDE survey around 42.9 GHz are almost certainly the 29SiO v = 0 line. SiO maser sources where this rare isotopologue transition is brighter than the dominant 28SiO lines have not been reported before, and our observations show that these sources can reverse their behavior such that the typical ratios of 28SiO and 29SiO are restored within a few years.
Cause and Kinematics of a Jetlike CME
Authors: Joshi Reetika , Wang Yuming , Chandra Ramesh , Zhang Quanhao , Liu Lijuan , Li Xiaolei
Published: September 2020

In this article, we present the multiviewpoint and multiwavelength analysis of an atypical solar jet based on data from Solar Dynamics Observatory, SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory, and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory. It is generally believed that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) develop from the large-scale solar eruptions in the lower atmosphere. However, the kinematical and spatial evolution of the jet on 2013 April 28 suggests that the jet was clearly associated with a narrow CME with a width of ≈25° and speed of ≈450 km s−1. To better understand the link between the jet and the CME, we performed a coronal potential field extrapolation from the line-of-sight magnetogram of the active region. The extrapolations suggest that the jet eruption follows the same path of the open magnetic field lines from the source region, which provides a route for the jet material to escape from the solar surface toward the outer corona.
On the Spectral Evolution of Hot White Dwarf Stars. I. A Detailed Model Atmosphere Analysis of Hot White Dwarfs from SDSS DR12
Authors: Bédard A. , Bergeron P. , Brassard P. , Fontaine G.
Published: September 2020

As they evolve, white dwarfs undergo major changes in surface composition, a phenomenon known as spectral evolution. In particular, some stars enter the cooling sequence with helium atmospheres (type DO) but eventually develop hydrogen atmospheres (type DA), most likely through the upward diffusion of residual hydrogen. Our empirical knowledge of this process remains scarce: the fractions of white dwarfs that are born helium rich and that experience the DO-to-DA transformation are poorly constrained. We tackle this issue by performing a detailed model-atmosphere investigation of 1806 hot (

 ≥ 30,000 K) white dwarfs observed spectroscopically by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We first introduce our new generations of model atmospheres and theoretical cooling tracks, both appropriate for hot white dwarfs. We then present our spectroscopic analysis, from which we determine the atmospheric and stellar parameters of our sample objects. We find that ∼24% of white dwarfs begin their degenerate life as DO stars, among which ∼2/3 later become DA stars. We also infer that the DO-to-DA transition occurs at substantially different temperatures (75,000 K > 

 > 30,000 K) for different objects, implying a broad range of hydrogen content within the DO population. Furthermore, we identify 127 hybrid white dwarfs, including 31 showing evidence of chemical stratification, and we discuss how these stars fit in our understanding of the spectral evolution. Finally, we uncover significant problems in the spectroscopic mass scale of very hot (

 > 60,000 K) white dwarfs.
Inclination Excitation of Solar System Debris Disk Due to Stellar Flybys
Authors: Moore Nathaniel W. H. , Li Gongjie , Adams Fred C.
Published: September 2020

Most stars form in clusters where relatively close encounters with other stars are common and can leave imprints on the orbital architecture of planetary systems. In this paper, we investigate the inclination excitation of debris disk particles due to such stellar encounters. We derive an analytical expression that describes inclination excitation in the hierarchical limit where the stellar flyby is distant. We then obtain numerical results for the corresponding particle inclination distribution in the nonhierarchical regime using a large ensemble of N-body simulations. For encounters with expected parameters, we find that the bulk inclination of the disk particles remains low. However, a distinct high-inclination population is produced by prograde stellar encounters for particles with final pericenter distances above 50 au. The maximum extent i

t
of the inclination distribution scales with the inclination of the encounter

for massive star flybys with low incoming velocity. The inclination distribution of observed trans-Neptunian objects places constraints on the dynamical history of our solar system. For example, these results imply an upper limit on product of the number density n of the solar birth cluster and the Sun’s residence time τ of the form nτ ≲ 8 × 104 Myr pc−3. Stronger constraints can be derived with future observational surveys of the outer solar system.
Spectroscopic Monitoring of Rapidly Rotating Early-type Stars in the Pleiades Cluster
Authors: Torres Guillermo
Published: September 2020

Radial velocities for the early-type stars in the Pleiades cluster have always been challenging to measure because of the significant rotational broadening of the spectral lines. The large scatter in published velocities has led to claims that many are spectroscopic binaries, and in several cases, preliminary orbital solutions have been proposed. To investigate these claims, we obtained and report here velocity measurements for 33 rapidly rotating B, A, and early F stars in the Pleiades region, improving significantly on the precision of the historical velocities for most objects. With one or two exceptions, we do not confirm any of the previous claims of variability, and we also rule out all four of the previously published orbital solutions, for HD 22637, HD 23302, HD 23338, and HD 23410. We do find HD 22637 to be a binary but with a different period (71.8 days). HD 23338 is likely a binary as well, with a preliminary 8.7 yr period also different from the one published. Additionally, we report a 3635 day orbit for HD 24899, another new spectroscopic binary in the cluster. From the 32 bona fide members in our sample, we determine a mean radial velocity for the Pleiades of

, or

when objects with known visual companions are excluded. Adding these astrometric binaries to the new spectroscopic ones, we find a lower limit to the binary fraction among the B and A stars of 37%. In addition to the velocities, we measure

for all stars, ranging between 69 and 317

.
Testing the Accuracy of the Tangent Point Method for Determining the Milky Way’s Inner Rotation Curve
Authors: Chiu Camille K. , Strigari Louis E.
Published: September 2020

The tangent point method (TPM) is commonly used to calculate the rotation curve of the inner portion of the Milky Way, relying on the assumption that along one line of sight, the point tangent to the Galactic center is the point where the observed radial velocity is an extremum. This work compares rotation curves derived from the TPM, using neutral hydrogen gas data, and direct measurements of stellar positions and velocities from the Gaia Satellite. The Gaia data indicate that the rotation curve based upon stellar kinematics is much shallower than that previously reported based on the TPM, especially in the inner regions of the Galaxy. Additionally, based on stellar kinematics, the locations of the extremum radial velocities and tangent points often differ. While these results are consistent with previously published simulations, future data from the Gaia satellite will allow for further confidence in determining an accurate rotation curve.
Mapping Rocky Mountain ridged mussel beds with preliminary identification of overlapping Eurasian watermilfoil within the Canadian range
Authors: Wade Joy , Stephen Craig , Robertson Colin
Published: September 2020

The Rocky Mountain ridged mussel (Gonidea angulata) is a bivalve species whose Canadian range is limited to the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. In 2019, conflicts between habitat protection for the mussel and potential habitat alteration to control the invasive Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) (milfoil), led to a decision to maintain the status of the mussels as Special Concern under Canada’s Species at Risk Act (SARA) rather than classify it as Endangered. Milfoil control can cause direct mortality and/or burial of the mussels, but there had been no systematic study of the impacts of milfoil control on mussel beds. The purpose of this study was to address knowledge gaps by delineating known mussel beds and potential overlap with milfoil to provide information for management decisions that balance the needs of native species protection and invasive species control. Rocky Mountain ridged mussels in three reference locations were enumerated using snorkel surveys. The presence and distribution of milfoil was documented in relation to five sites within these three locations. Milfoil was encroaching on one site, causing some changes to the substrate. At other sites, the differences in the depth and distribution of the mussel and the milfoil could allow milfoil control without damaging the mussel beds. It is recommended that, before milfoil removal near known mussel beds be undertaken, a detailed site evaluation be conducted to determine potential impacts. This study suggests presumed impediments to co-managing the mussels and controlling an invasive species should not preclude classifying the mussels as Endangered and affording protections under SARA.
La rébellion peule et la « guerre pour la terre »
Authors: Bouju Jacky
Published: September 2020

Cet article vise à démêler l’enchevêtrement des causes de conflit pour l’accès aux ressources agropastorales dans les plaines transfrontalières sous-administrées de la cinquième région, au centre du Mali, et dans les provinces du Soum et de l’Ouadalan, au nord du Burkina Faso. Dans un contexte de saturation foncière, l’aggravation des conflits entre pasteurs transhumants et propriétaires fonciers a conduit à une contestation violente de l’inégalité des droits d’accès aux ressources agropastorales au sein de la société peule. L’affaiblissement brutal de l’État et l’insurrection djihadiste ont fourni l’occasion aux lignages peuls dominés de s’armer et de se rebeller contre leurs élites. Une forme de « gouvernement par la violence » s’est instaurée qui semble avoir pour enjeu, à terme, le contrôle des terres arables, des pâturages et de la ressource hydrique.
Mobilités, conflits fonciers et jeunesse
Authors: Montaz Léo
Published: September 2020

La crise ivoirienne (1999-2011) est en partie la conséquence de l’exclusion des cadets de l’accès aux ressources foncières dans le centre et l’ouest de la zone forestière. La fin du « compromis houphouëtien » qui permettait aux étrangers d’accéder à la terre et aux jeunes autochtones de s’émanciper par la migration vers les centres urbains s’est notamment traduite par un retour massif des jeunes vers leurs localités d’origines. Confrontés à un durcissement des règles lignagères, ils critiquent et transforment ces règles afin d’acquérir une meilleure autonomie politique. À partir de l’exemple du village de Mahidio, cet article contribue à la réflexion sur les recompositions des pouvoirs au village en insistant sur la dimension politique des mobilités en lien avec les enjeux fonciers.
Cartografía de la vulnerabilidad de las aguas subterráneas a la contaminación por nitratos de fuentes difusas en la cuenca del río Ebro (N.E. de España)
Authors: Arauzo Mercedes , Valladolid María , García Gema
Published: September 2020

La contaminación por nitratos de fuentes difusas es una de las principales causas del deterioro de la calidad de los recursos hídricos subterráneos a escala global. Recientes investigaciones señalan la necesidad de minimizar la incertidumbre en la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad de las aguas subterráneas, mediante el desarrollo de metodologías robustas que permitan evaluar la vulnerabilidad bajo un enfoque fuente–vía–receptor en el contexto de la cuenca hidrológica. El procedimiento LU–IV (Arauzo, 2017) fue ideado para cartografiar la vulnerabilidad intrínseca de las aguas subterráneas (riesgos asociados al medio físico) y la vulnerabilidad específica a la contaminación por nitrato (riesgos asociados a los usos del suelo en territorios intrínsecamente vulnerables), con el objetivo final de mejorar la delimitación de las zonas vulnerables a la contaminación por nitrato (ZVN). Esta metodología utiliza parámetros sencillos y fácilmente disponibles que, combinados en un entorno de SIG, permite evaluar con precisión la vulnerabilidad (intrínseca y específica) en la totalidad de la cuenca de drenaje (área susceptible de drenar agua, potencialmente contaminada por nitrato, hacia un acuífero receptor).
La aplicación del procedimiento LU–IV a la cuenca hidrológica del río Ebro (N.E. de España) ha permitido determinar que una superficie de 18.757 km2 presenta un grado de vulnerabilidad específica a la contaminación por nitrato de alto a extremo, por lo que los territorios afectados podrían ser potencialmente designables como ZVN. Esta superficie difiere de los 9.796 km2 designados oficialmente como ZVN por las administraciones autonómicas con competencias para la designación de ZVN en la cuenca del Ebro. Si bien los territorios oficialmente designados coinciden en gran medida con los resultados de esta investigación, la aplicación del nuevo procedimiento ha permitido identificar un 50% más de territorios clasificables como zonas vulnerables. Las áreas aluviales presentaron el mayor grado de vulnerabilidad (tanto intrínseca como específica) afectando a la mayor parte de su territorio, lo que sugiere la necesidad de plantear una protección integral de todas las superficies aluviales, no sólo en la cuenca del Ebro, sino a escala nacional y europea.
The Use of Educational Software in Teaching Physics in the Moroccan Context
Authors: Khouna Jalal , Ajana Lotfi , Rhazal Ahmed , El Mokri Abdelilah
Published: September 2020

In the educational field, many researchers have studied the role played by the educational software in teaching physics. This review study aims to analyze the use of educational software in the teaching of physics in Moroccan secondary schools between the years 2010 and 2019. The sources for the data collection process were obtained through searches on Google Scholar pages. The analysis of the results allowed us to identify the advantages and disadvantages related to the integration of educational software in teaching physics in the Moroccan context. In addition, the study contributes with a set of recommendations for future use of educational software.
Extractive Text Summarization Methods in the Spanish Language
Authors: Lopez Contreras Irvin Raul , Mendoza Carreón Alejandra , Rodas-Osollo Jorge , Varela Martiza Concepción
Published: September 2020

The quantity of information in the world is increasing every day on a fast level. This fact will be an obstacle in some situations; text summarization is involved in this kind of problem. It is used to minimize the time that people spend searching for information on the web and in a lot of digital documents. In this chapter, three algorithms were compared; all of them are an extractive text summarization algorithm. Popular libraries that influence the performance of these kinds of algorithms were used. It was necessary to configure and modify these methods so that they work for the Spanish language instead of their original one. The authors use some metrics found in the literature to evaluate the quality and performance of these algorithms.
Civility Values and Cyberbullying Prevention in the Digital Workspace
Authors: Zedlacher Eva , Hartner-Tiefenthaler Martina
Published: September 2020

In the digital workspace, new forms of (negative) interactions have emerged. Workplace cyberbullying can be pervasive, fast, and intrude the private sphere. These aspects make organizational surveillance and prevention challenging. In this conceptual chapter, the authors argue that for establishing an ethical digital workspace, civility values and ethical principles of individual responsibility and mutual respect are crucial. For prevention of workplace cyberbullying, formal systems like technological detection systems or policies are insufficient. Rather, organizations need to foster informal “social control.” The social norms in small workgroups and the leader's role-modeling behavior should guide the digital behavior of employees at and beyond work, and eventually create a climate of respect. This should also help to increase bystanders' moral awareness of allegedly minor uncivil incidents. Examples of different formal and informal preventive measures are discussed. The chapter ends with a brief discussion and outlook on future legal and technological advancements.
Scope of Polymer/Graphene Nanocomposite in Defense Relevance
Authors: Kausar Ayesha
Published: September 2020

This chapter outlines important aspects and progression from graphene to polymer/graphene nanocomposite to a relevant defense application. Graphene is unique nanocarbon material having a large surface area, high Young's modulus, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and optical transmittance. Engineering thermoplastic polymers have been employed as matrices for graphene reinforcement. Various routes have been employed for graphene-filled polymeric nanomaterials. Intrinsic physical properties of nanocomposite depend on graphene modification and dispersion techniques. Polymer/graphene nanocomposite may have multifunctional characteristics due to synergistic effect of polymer/graphene. The article mainly discusses nanocomposite with potential uses in soldierly applications including flame resistance, ballistic protection, electromagnetic interference shielding, electrostatic-charge dissipation, sensors, corrosion protection, fuel cell, batteries, etc. The gestalt of defense applications of polymer/graphene nanocomposite may offer future perspective to develop promising materials.
Data Science Tools Application for Business Processes Modelling in Aviation
Authors: Nehrey Maryna , Hnot Taras
Published: September 2020

Successful business involves making decisions under uncertainty using a lot of information. Modern modeling approaches based on data science algorithms are a necessity for the effective management of business processes in aviation. Data science involves principles, processes, and techniques for understanding business processes through the analysis of data. The main goal of this chapter is to improve decision making using data science algorithms. There are sets of frequently used algorithms described in the chapter: linear, logistic regression models, decision trees as a classical example of supervised learning, and k-means and hierarchical clustering as unsupervised learning. Application of data science algorithms gives an opportunity for deep analyses and understanding of business processes in aviation, gives structuring of problems, provides systematization of business processes. Business processes modeling, based on the data science algorithms, enables us to substantiate solutions and even automate the processes of business decision making.
Ground Control to Major Tom
Authors: Knochel Aaron D.
Published: September 2020

In this chapter I explore satellite seeing in the convergence of global visual culture as a human-satellite co-figuration. Satellites, Global Positioning Systems, and mobile devices are engaged as prosthetic extensions of an embodied experience that can augment the potential of place-based learning. I engage this co-figuration through Mirzoeff's (2000/2006) notion of intervisuality and diaspora, the work of contemporary artists Trevor Paglen and Jeremy Wood, and my experiences with graduate students in Helsinki, Finland in an intensive course that developed understandings of the city as a site of geographic and cultural identity while exploring ideas of public space and performative interventionist practices in art making. The relations of the human-satellite co-figuration give insight as to the convergence of the local as a scale of the global, imprinted with transcultural pathways for understanding how we are located in the world.