bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRIM22 inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through the Smad2 protein
Authors: Zhou Zhuqing , Gao Wei , Yuan Biao , Zhang Shun , Wang Kaijing , Du Tao
Published: September 2021

TRIM22 is involved in tumorigenesis and development, but its mechanism is not clear. In this study, we investigated the expression and biological role of TRIM22 in gastric cancer. We found that TRIM22 mRNA and protein expression was abnormally low in gastric cancer tissues and cells and correlated with tumor size and depth of invasion. Overexpression of TRIM22 significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of gastric cancer cells and downregulated the expression of HSPA6. However, the HSPA6-siRNA complementation test showed that TRIM22 did not regulate cell proliferation through HSPA6. Furthermore, overexpression of TRIM22 downregulated the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. In addition, TRIM22 directly binds to Smad2, and overexpression of Smad2 can reverse the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration induced by TRIM22. In vivo, overexpression of TRIM22 significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. Our study indicates that TRIM22 has an important role in the development of gastric cancer and may inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through Smad2.
Genomic insights into the origin, domestication and diversification of Brassica juncea
Authors: Kang Lei , Qian Lunwen , Zheng Ming , Chen Liyang , Chen Hao , Yang Liu , You Liang , Yang Bin , Yan Mingli , Gu Yuanguo , Wang Tianyi , Schiessl Sarah-Veronica , An Hong , Blischak Paul , Liu Xianjun , Lu Hongfeng , Zhang Dawei , Rao Yong , Jia Donghai , Zhou Dinggang , Xiao Huagui , Wang Yonggang , Xiong Xinghua , Mason Annaliese S. , Chris Pires J. , Snowdon Rod J. , Hua Wei , Liu Zhongsong
Published: September 2021

Despite early domestication around 3000 BC, the evolutionary history of the ancient allotetraploid speciesBrassica juncea(L.) Czern & Coss remains uncertain. Here, we report a chromosome-scale de novo assembly of a yellow-seededB. junceagenome by integrating long-read and short-read sequencing, optical mapping and Hi-C technologies. Nuclear and organelle phylogenies of 480 accessions worldwide supported thatB. junceais most likely a single origin in West Asia, 8,000–14,000 years ago, via natural interspecific hybridization. Subsequently, new crop types evolved through spontaneous gene mutations and introgressions along three independent routes of eastward expansion. Selective sweeps, genome-wide trait associations and tissue-specific RNA-sequencing analysis shed light on the domestication history of flowering time and seed weight, and on human selection for morphological diversification in this versatile species. Our data provide a comprehensive insight into the origin and domestication and a foundation for genomics-based breeding ofB. juncea.
Using multiple Mendelian randomization approaches and genetic correlations to understand obesity, urate, and gout
Authors: Adams Charleen D. , Boutwell Brian B.
Published: September 2021

Observational studies suggest relationships between obesity, urate, and gout but are possibly confounded. We assessed whether genetically determined obesity, higher urate (and related traits), and gout were causal using multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches and linkage disequilibrium score regression for genetic correlations (rg). For data, we used genome-wide association study summary statistics available through MR-Base. We observed that obesity increased urate (beta = 0.127; 95% CI = 0.098, 0.157; P-value = 1.2E−17; rg = 0.25 [P-value = 0.001]) and triglycerides (beta = 0.082; 95% CI = 0.065, 0.099; P-value = 1.2E−21; rg = 0.23 [P-value = 8.8E−12]) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (beta = − 0.083; 95% CI = − 0.101, − 0.065; P-value = 2.5E−19; rg = − 0.28; [P-value = 5.2E−24]). Higher triglycerides increased urate (beta = 0.198; 95% CI = 0.146, 0.251; P-value = 8.9E−14; rg = 0.29 [P-value = 0.001]) and higher HDL decreased urate (beta = − 0.109; 95% CI = − 0.148, − 0.071; P-value = 2.7E− 08; rg = − 0.21 [P-value = 9.8E−05]). Higher urate (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.028, 1.032; P-value = 1.1E−130; rg = 0.89 [P-value = 1.7E−55]) and obesity caused gout (OR = 1.003; 95% CI = 1.001, 1.004; P-value = 1.3E−04; rg = 0.23 [P-value = 2.7E−05]). Obesity on gout with urate as a mediator revealed all the effect of obesity on gout occurred through urate. Obesity on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was null (beta = −0.011; 95% CI = −0.030, 0.008; P-value = 2.6E−01; rg = 0.03 [P-value = 0.369]). A multivariable MR of obesity, HDL, and triglycerides on urate showed obesity influenced urate when accounting for HDL and triglycerides. Obesity’s impact on urate was exacerbated by it decreasing HDL.
CdGAP promotes prostate cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis
Authors: Mehra Chahat , Chung Ji-Hyun , He Yi , Lara-Márquez Mónica , Goyette Marie-Anne , Boufaied Nadia , Barrès Véronique , Ouellet Véronique , Guérard Karl-Phillippe , Delliaux Carine , Saad Fred , Lapointe Jacques , Côté Jean-François , Labbé David P. , Lamarche-Vane Nathalie
Published: September 2021

High mortality of prostate cancer patients is primarily due to metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms controlling metastatic processes remains essential to develop novel therapies designed to prevent the progression from localized disease to metastasis. CdGAP plays important roles in the control of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, which are central to cancer progression. Here we show that elevated CdGAP expression is associated with early biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Knockdown of CdGAP in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells reduces cell motility, invasion, and proliferation while inducing apoptosis in CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells. Conversely, overexpression of CdGAP in DU-145, 22Rv1, and LNCaP cells increases cell migration and invasion. Using global gene expression approaches, we found that CdGAP regulates the expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Subcutaneous injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells into mice shows a delayed tumor initiation and attenuated tumor growth. Orthotopic injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells reduces distant metastasic burden. Collectively, these findings support a pro-oncogenic role of CdGAP in prostate tumorigenesis and unveil CdGAP as a potential biomarker and target for prostate cancer treatments.
Regulation of cadherin dimerization by chemical fragments as a trigger to inhibit cell adhesion
Authors: Senoo Akinobu , Ito Sho , Nagatoishi Satoru , Saito Yutaro , Ueno Go , Kuroda Daisuke , Yoshida Kouhei , Tashima Takumi , Kudo Shota , Sando Shinsuke , Tsumoto Kouhei
Published: September 2021

Many cadherin family proteins are associated with diseases such as cancer. Since cell adhesion requires homodimerization of cadherin molecules, a small-molecule regulator of dimerization would have therapeutic potential. Herein, we describe identification of a P-cadherin-specific chemical fragment that inhibits P-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. Although the identified molecule is a fragment compound, it binds to a cavity of P-cadherin that has not previously been targeted, indirectly prevents formation of hydrogen bonds necessary for formation of an intermediate called the X dimer and thus modulates the process of X dimerization. Our findings will impact on a strategy for regulation of protein-protein interactions and stepwise assembly of protein complexes using small molecules.
Simple electrochemical detection ofListeria monocytogenesbased on a surface-imprinted polymer-modified electrode
Authors: Li Qingcao , Guo Zhen , Qiu Xuedan , Lu Wenjun , Yang Wei , Wang Qilai , Wu Qiaoping
Published: September 2021

A simple, surface imprinted polymer modified electrode by using 3-thiopheneacetic acid as the functional monomer was fabricated for the detection ofListeria monocytogenes.
Engineering lithiophilic Ni-Al@LDH interlayers on a garnet-type electrolyte for solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Liu Wei , Lu Guanjie , Yang Zuguang , Zhao Qiannan , Hu Xiaolin , Wu Dan , Li Zongyang , Wang Ronghua , Sun Shikuan , Xu Chaohe
Published: September 2021

In this work, a lithiophilic Ni-Al@LDH interlayer is engineered at the Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) electrolyte and Li anode interface.
Design and development of a photoswitchable DFG-out kinase inhibitor
Authors: Xu Yongjin , Gao Chunxia , Håversen Liliana , Lundbäck Thomas , Andréasson Joakim , Grøtli Morten
Published: September 2021

A photoswitchable DFG-out kinase inhibitor has been developed. The activity of the inhibitor can efficiently be regulated by light in both enzymatic and living cell assays.
Carbonylative coupling of simple alkanes and alkenes enabled by organic photoredox catalysis
Authors: Chen Ling , Hou Jing , Zheng Ming , Zhan Le-Wu , Tang Wan-Ying , Li Bin-Dong
Published: September 2021

A photoinduced metal-free three-component coupling of CO, alkanes and alkenesviathe hydrogen atom transfer process has been developed. This protocol provides an efficient access to a range of valuable α,β-unsaturated ketones.
Molecular structures and magnetic properties of endohedral metallofullerenes
Authors: Li Wang , Wang Chunru , Wang Taishan
Published: September 2021

Endohedral metallofullerenes are fascinating materials. Recent progress on molecular structures and magnetic properties of metallofullerenes is summarized in this feature article.
Unravelling the fluorescence and semiconductor properties of a new coronene:TCNB charge transfer cocrystal polymorph
Authors: Mandal Arkalekha , Kim Youngmee , Kim Sung-Jin , Park JaeHong
Published: September 2021

The charge transfer-based red emission and expected ambipolar semiconductor properties of a new coronene : TCNB (2 : 3) donor–acceptor cocrystal polymorph are elucidated.
Vacuum ultraviolet photochemistry of the conformers of the ethyl peroxy radical
Authors: Wen Zuoying , Lin Xiaoxiao , Tang Xiaofeng , Long Bo , Wang Chengcheng , Zhang Cuihong , Fittschen Christa , Yang Jiuzhong , Gu Xuejun , Zhang Weijun
Published: September 2021

C2H5O2 plus its gauche and trans conformers are studied using synchrotron-based VUV photoionization mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations, and it is found that the gauche conformer has favorable Franck–Condon factors in photoionization.
Exploring the emerging of electronic and magnetic properties with adatom adsorption on a novel semiconductor monolayer: N2P6
Authors: Lu Xinle , Sun Liaoxin , Fu Bing , Sun Shoutian , Ye Xiang
Published: September 2021

The effect of adsorbed adatoms on the structural stability and electronic properties of novel semiconductor monolayer N2P6 have been systematically studied via first-principles simulation methods.
Charge injected proton transfer in indigo derivatives
Authors: Ikeda Kazuho , Yoo Dongho , Nishikawa Ryu , Kawamoto Tadashi , Mori Takehiko
Published: September 2021

The donor and acceptor abilities of hydrogen bonded organic semiconductors are significantly improved by intermolecular proton transfer.
Why ultrafast charge separation occurs in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells: a multichain tight binding model study
Authors: Huang Yujuan , Zhang Longlong , Hao Yuying
Published: September 2021

Factors promoting ultrafast charge separations in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells are theoretically summarized: phase separation of donor and acceptor, strong charge delocalization and energetic offset, and weak donor–acceptor coupling.
Structure and reaction mechanism of binary Ni–Al oxides as materials for lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Sonoyama Noriyuki , Niki Kaori , Koide Akihiro , Eguchi Mina , Ogasawara Yoshitaka , Tsukada Tetsuya , Dedetemo Patrick K.
Published: September 2021

Using layered double hydroxide as a precursor, the negative electrode characteristics of Al3+ ion dissolved NiO were investigated. Al3+ ion shows reversible redox activity to Al when introduced into a host having electron conductivity and a lithium ion diffusion path.
A highly sensitive ratiometric optical cryothermometer using a new broadband emitting trivalent bismuth singly activated Ba2ZnSc(BO3)3 microcrystal
Authors: Huang Shixiang , Zhang Feng , Wu Zhangyue , Fu Ying , Li Chao
Published: September 2021

A new Ba2ZnSc(BO3)3:Bi3+ phosphor that exhibits excellent temperature-dependent color variation and good temperature response sensitivity has been reported.
Controllable synthesis of Ni3S2@MOOH/NF (M = Fe, Ni, Cu, Mn and Co) hybrid structure for the efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Du Xiaoqiang , Ma Guangyu , Wang Yanhong , Han Xinghua , Zhang Xiaoshuang
Published: September 2021

The Ni3S2@NiOOH/NF catalyst with a core–shell structure exhibits a relatively low overpotential of 79 mV for HER at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is one of the best catalytic activities reported so far.
Solar-driven electrochemical synthesis of ammonia using nitrate with 11% solar-to-fuel efficiency at ambient conditions
Authors: Kani Nishithan C. , Gauthier Joseph A. , Prajapati Aditya , Edgington Jane , Bordawekar Isha , Shields Windom , Shields Mitchell , Seitz Linsey C. , Singh Aayush R. , Singh Meenesh R.
Published: September 2021

An illustration of solar-driven synthesis of ammonia using nitrates with >10% solar-to-fuel efficiencies that can potentially decarbonize and decentralize ammonia production.
Simple luminescent phenanthroimidazole emitters for solution-processed non-doped organic light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Kanagaraj , Been HyeIn , John Jino C. , Puthanveedu Archana , Pharm Nguyet N. T. , Lee Seung Geol , Choe Youngson
Published: September 2021

Organic luminescent materials with leveraging properties have attracted urgent demand for their commercial application in lighting devices.
Synergetic effect of a polymer and metalloid composite on the electrocatalytic improvement of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Sakamoto Daisuke , Shiratani Masaharu , Seo Hyunwoong
Published: September 2021

Si nanoparticles exhibited significant enhancement on a polymer electrocatalyst and had comparable performance to that of conventional dye-sensitized solar cells.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of porous Ti3C2Tz MXene/rGO gels for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Saha Sanjit , Arole Kailash , Radovic Miladin , Lutkenhaus Jodie L. , Green Micah J.
Published: September 2021

Titanium carbide/reduced graphene oxide (Ti3C2Tz/rGO) gels were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal process.
Changes in the nanoparticle uptake and distribution caused by an intramacrophagic parasitic infection
Authors: Calvo Alba , Moreno Esther , Clemente Unai , Pérez Enma , Larrea Esther , Sanmartín Carmen , Irache Juan Manuel , Espuelas Socorro
Published: September 2021

Immunopathological alterations produced by a viscerotropic and intramacrophagic parasite affected NP organ uptake and cellular distribution.
Anionic redox behaviors of layered Li-rich oxide cathodes
Authors: Zhuo Haoxiang , Zhang Anbang , Huang Xiaowei , Wang Jiantao , Zhuang Weidong
Published: September 2021

Lithium-rich and manganese-based cathodes deliver extraordinary specific capacity with a unique anion redox, and the structural changes during the reaction from the anion keep it reversible and are accompanied by irreversible oxygen loss.
Active and passive adsorption of 47 trace atmospheric volatile organic compounds onto carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wong Gwendeline K. S. , Webster Richard D.
Published: September 2021

CNTs need to be cleaned at high temperature under vacuum and stored in an inert gas environment to prevent immediate contamination by adsorbed trace atmospheric VOCs.
Correction: Nanoporous hybrid CuO/ZnO/carbon papers used as ultrasensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors
Authors: Zhang Minwei , Zhang Wenrui , Chen Fei , Hou Chengyi , Halder Arnab , Chi Qijin
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Nanoporous hybrid CuO/ZnO/carbon papers used as ultrasensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors’ by Minwei Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 41886–41892. DOI: 10.1039/C9RA08223A.
Scientific writing and publishing for early-career researchers from the perspective of young chemists
Authors: Richardson Shona M. , Bella Federico , Mougel Victor , Milić Jovana V.
Published: September 2021

This editorial provides suggestions on scientific writing from the perspective of early-career chemists to facilitate the writing process and provides relevant resources for early-career researchers in preparing their first manuscripts.
Kinases leave their mark on caspase substrates
Authors: Weeks Amy M.
Published: September 2021

Apoptosis is a cell death program that is executed by the caspases, a family of cysteine proteases that typically cleave after aspartate residues during a proteolytic cascade that systematically dismantles the dying cell. Extensive signaling crosstalk occurs between caspase-mediated proteolysis and kinase-mediated phosphorylation, enabling integration of signals from multiple pathways into the decision to commit to apoptosis. A new study from Maluch et al. examines how phosphorylation within caspase cleavage sites impacts the efficiency of substrate cleavage. The results demonstrate that while phosphorylation in close proximity to the scissile bond is generally inhibitory, it does not necessarily abrogate substrate cleavage, but instead attenuates the rate. In some cases, this inhibition can be overcome by additional favorable substrate features. These findings suggest potential nuanced physiological roles for phosphorylation of caspase substrates with exciting implications for targeting caspases with chemical probes and therapeutics.
Listening in 2020: A Survey of Adults' Experiences With Pandemic-Related Disruptions
Authors: Helfer Karen S. , Mamo Sara K. , Clauss Michael , Tellerico Silvana
Published: September 2021

Purpose:

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced lifestyle changes that may negatively impact communication, including the pervasive use of face masks and videoconferencing technology. Here, we examine the effects of age and self-rated hearing on subjective measures of speech understanding via a survey accessed by adults residing in the United States.

Method:

Responses to an online survey were obtained from adults (21 years of age and older) during the summer and fall of 2020. The survey included questions about hearing and speech understanding in a variety of scenarios and different listening conditions, including when communicating with people using face masks in quiet and noisy environments and when using videoconferencing.

Results:

Data from 1,703 surveys were analyzed. In general, the use of face masks led to the perception of poorer speech understanding and greater need for concentration, especially in noisy environments. When responses from all participants were considered, poorer self-rated communication ability was noted as age increased. However, among people who categorized their overall hearing as “Excellent” or “Good,” younger adults rated their speech understanding ability in noisy situations as poorer than middle-age or older adults. Among people who rated their overall hearing as “Fair” or “Poor,” middle-age adults indicated having more difficulty communicating with people using face masks, as compared with older adults. Examination of open-ended responses suggested that the strategies individuals use when communicating with people wearing face masks vary by age and self-rated hearing. Notably, middle-age and older adults were more likely to report using strategies that could put them at risk (e.g., asking others to remove their face masks).

Conclusions:

Even younger adults with self-perceived good hearing are not immune to communication challenges brought about by face masks. Among individuals with similar degrees of self-rated hearing, the expected increase in communication difficulty with age was not noted among our respondents.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16528431
Speech Development Between 30 and 119 Months in Typical Children I: Intelligibility Growth Curves for Single-Word and Multiword Productions
Authors: Hustad Katherine C. , Mahr Tristan J. , Natzke Phoebe , Rathouz Paul J.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

We extended our earlier study on normative growth curves for intelligibility development in typical children from 30 to 119 months of age. We also determined quantile-specific age of steepest growth and growth rates. A key goal was to establish age-specific benchmarks for single-word and multiword intelligibility.

Method

This cross-sectional study involved collection of in-person speech samples from 538 typically developing children (282 girls and 256 boys) who passed speech, language, and hearing screening measures. One thousand seventy-six normal-hearing naïve adult listeners (280 men and 796 women) orthographically transcribed children's speech. Speech intelligibility was measured as the percentage of words transcribed correctly by naive adults, with single-word and multiword intelligibility outcomes modeled separately.

Results

The age range for 50% single-word intelligibility was 31–47 months (50th–5th percentiles), the age range for 75% single-word intelligibility was 49–87 months, and the age range for 90% intelligibility for single words was 83–120+ months. The same milestones were attained for multiword intelligibility at 34–46, 46–61, and 62–87 months, respectively. The age of steepest growth for the 50th percentile was 30–31 months for both single-word and multiword intelligibility and was later for children in lower percentiles. The maximum growth rate was 1.7 intelligibility percentage points per month for single words and 2.5 intelligibility percentage points per month for multiword intelligibility.

Conclusions

There was considerable variability in intelligibility development among typical children. For children in median and lower percentiles, intelligibility growth continues through 9 years. Children should be at least 50% intelligible by 48 months.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16583426
Dynamic optimization of hessian determinant image pyramid for memory‐efficient and high performance keypoint detection in SURF
Authors: Cho Eunhee , Kim Yoonjin
Published: September 2021

With increasing demand for scale‐invariant and fast object recognition, speeded up robust features (SURF) have emerged and become a widely used feature extraction algorithm in computer vision. Nevertheless, SURF still requires high memory usage and heavy computations caused by the keypoint detection procedure that produces huge image pyramid composed of many hessian determinant (HD) data for supporting the scale‐invariance. Therefore, in this paper, dynamic optimization schemes of the HD image pyramid are proposed for completely removing the redundancies of the keypoint detection with keeping the original functionality of SURF without any loss. The proposed approach has shown to reduce memory usage by 45–51%, the execution time by 37–50% and the power consumption by 18–42% when compared with the keypoint detection in the original SURF algorithm.
Energy‐maximising moment‐based constrained optimal control of ocean wave energy farms
Authors: Faedo Nicolás , Scarciotti Giordano , Astolfi Alessandro , Ringwood John V.
Published: September 2021

Successful commercialisation of wave energy technology inherently incorporates the concept of an array of wave energy converters (WECs). These devices, which constantly interact via hydrodynamic effects, require optimised control that can guarantee maximum energy extraction from incoming ocean waves while ensuring, at the same time, that any physical limitations associated with device and actuator systems are being consistently respected. This paper presents a moment‐based energy‐maximising optimal control framework for WECs arrays subject to state and input constraints. The authors develop a framework under which the objective function (and system variables) can be mapped to a finite‐dimensional tractable quadratic program (QP), which can be efficiently solved using state‐of‐the‐art solvers. Moreover, the authors show that this QP is always concave, i.e. existence and uniqueness of a globally optimal solution is guaranteed under this moment‐based framework. The performance of the proposed strategy is demonstrated through a case study, where (state and input constrained) energy‐maximisation for a WEC farm composed of CorPower‐like WEC devices is considered.
New radiative loss curve from updates to collisional excitation in the low-density, optically thin plasmas in SPEX
Authors: Štofanová L. , Kaastra J. , Mehdipour M. , de Plaa J.
Published: September 2021

Understanding and modelling astrophysical plasmas on atomic levels while taking into account various assumptions (for example, collisional ionisation equilibrium or photoionisation equilibrium) became essential with the progress of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy. In order to prepare for the upcoming X-ray spectroscopy missions such as XRISM or Athena, the plasma codes with their models and the atomic databases need to be up to date and accurate. One such update for the plasma code SPEX is presented in this paper where we focus on the radiative loss due to collisional excitation in the low-density, optically thin regime. We also update the atomic data for neutral hydrogen and include the contribution of the dielectronic recombination. With all these updates being implemented in SPEX we finally present the new cooling curve. We include the comparison to other plasma codes (MEKAL, APEC, Cloudy) and other atomic databases (CHIANTI, ADAS). We show how the updated cooling impacts the stability curve for photoionised plasmas and find a new stable branch.
A low-energy explosion yields the underluminous Type IIP SN 2020cxd
Authors: Yang S. , Sollerman J. , Strotjohann N. L. , Schulze S. , Lunnan R. , Kool E. , Fremling C. , Perley D. , Ofek E. , Schweyer T. , Bellm E. C. , Kasliwal M. M. , Masci F. J. , Rigault M. , Yang Y.
Published: September 2021

Context. We present our observations and analysis of SN 2020cxd, a low-luminosity (LL), long-lived Type IIP supernova (SN). This object is a clear outlier in the magnitude-limited SN sample recently presented by the Zwicky Transient Facility’s (ZTF) Bright Transient Survey.

Aims. We demonstrate that SN 2020cxd is an additional member of the group of LL SNe and we discuss the rarity of LL SNe in the context of the ZTF survey. We consider how further studies of these faintest members of the core-collapse (CC) SN family might help improve the general understanding of the underlying initial mass function for stars that explode.

Methods. We used optical light curves (LCs) from the ZTF in the gri bands and several epochs of ultraviolet data from the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory as well as a sequence of optical spectra. We constructed the colour curves and a bolometric LC. Then we compared the evolution of the ejecta velocity and black-body temperature for LL SNe as well as for typical Type II SNe. Furthermore, we adopted a Monte Carlo code that fits semi-analytic models to the LC of SN 2020cxd, which allows for the estimation of the physical parameters. Using our late-time nebular spectra, we also make a comparison against SN II spectral synthesis models from the literature to constrain the progenitor properties of SN 2020cxd.

Results. The LCs of SN 2020cxd show a great similarity with those of LL SNe IIP in terms of luminosity, timescale, and colours. Also, the spectral evolution of SN 2020cxd is that of a Type IIP SN. The spectra show prominent and narrow P-Cygni lines, indicating low expansion velocities. This is one of the faintest LL SNe observed, with an absolute plateau magnitude of Mr = −14.5 mag and also one with the longest plateau lengths, with a duration of 118 days. Finally, the velocities measured from the nebular emission lines are among the lowest ever seen in a SN, with an intrinsic full width at half maximum value of 478 km s−1. The underluminous late-time exponential LC tail indicates that the mass of 56Ni ejected during the explosion is much smaller than the average of normal SNe IIP, we estimate M56Ni = 0.003 M⊙. The Monte Carlo fitting of the bolometric LC suggests that the progenitor of SN 2020cxd had a radius of R0 = 1.3 × 1013 cm, kinetic energy of Ekin = 4.3 × 1050 erg, and ejecta mass of Mej = 9.5 M⊙. From the bolometric LC, we estimated the total radiated energy Erad = 1.52 × 1048 erg. Using our late-time nebular spectra, we compared these results against SN II spectral synthesis models to constrain the progenitor zero-age main sequence mass and found that it is likely to be ≲15 M⊙.

Conclusions. SN 2020cxd is a LL Type IIP SN. The inferred progenitor parameters and the features observed in the nebular spectrum favour a low-energy, Ni-poor, iron CC SN from a low-mass (∼12 M⊙) red supergiant.
Gaia-ESO survey: Lithium abundances in open cluster Red Clump stars
Authors: Magrini L. , Smiljanic R. , Franciosini E. , Pasquini L. , Randich S. , Casali G. , Viscasillas Vázquez C. , Bragaglia A. , Spina L. , Biazzo K. , Tautvaišienė G. , Masseron T. , Van der Swaelmen M. , Pancino E. , Jiménez-Esteban F. , Guiglion G. , Martell S. , Bensby T. , D’Orazi V. , Baratella M. , Korn A. , Jofre P. , Gilmore G. , Worley C. , Hourihane A. , Gonneau A. , Sacco G. G. , Morbidelli L.
Published: September 2021

Context. It has recently been suggested that all giant stars with masses below 2 M⊙ suffer an episode of surface lithium enrichment between the tip of the red giant branch (RGB) and the red clump (RC).

Aims. We test if the above result can be confirmed in a sample of RC and RGB stars that are members of open clusters.

Methods. We discuss Li abundances in six open clusters with ages between 1.5 and 4.9 Gyr (turn-off masses between 1.1 and 1.7 M⊙). We compare these observations with the predictions of different models that include rotation-induced mixing, thermohaline instability, mixing induced by the first He flash, and energy losses by neutrino magnetic moment.

Results. In six clusters, we find close to 35% of RC stars have Li abundances that are similar or higher than those of upper RGB stars. This can be a sign of fresh Li production. Because of the extra-mixing episode connected to the luminosity bump, the expectation has been for RC stars to have systematically lower surface Li abundances. However, we cannot confirm that this possible Li production is ubiquitous. For about 65% of RC giants, we can only determine upper limits in abundances that could be hiding very low Li content.

Conclusions. Our results indicate the possibility that Li is being produced in the RC, at levels that would not typically permit the classification of these the stars as Li rich. The determination of their carbon isotopic ratio would help to confirm that the RC giants have suffered extra mixing followed by subsequent Li enrichment. The Li abundances of the RC stars can be qualitatively explained by the models including an additional mixing episode close to the He flash.
Assessment of the tectonic role of the Triassic evaporites in the North Toulon fold-thrust belt
Authors: Wicker Vincent , Ford Mary
Published: September 2021

The eastern Beausset Syncline and Toulon Belt, in the southern France, represents the easternmost remnant of the Pyrenean Apto-Albian Rift System and of the Pyrenean-Provençal orogen (Late Cretaceous-Eocene). Detailed structural and stratigraphic field mapping as well as the integration of published structural and stratigraphic data, are used to reconstruct the Jurassic to Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of this area. A layered evaporite sequence, composed of a succession of evaporitic units interbedded with more competent lithologies, behaved as the main decoupling horizon and source of diapiric bodies. Structural and lithostratigraphic observations in the Mont Caumes area are interpreted as halokinetic in origin (wedges, flaps, welds, thrust welds, highly localized depocentes). These were controlled by the sinuous Mont Caumes salt wall that grew along the southern flank of the eastern Beausset Syncline and interacted with regional tectonic stresses from Early Jurassic to latest Santonian times. Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous carbonate units thin toward the Mont Caumes salt wall, recording deposition in salt controlled broad synclinal depocentres controlled by early salt mobilization. Inverted relics of Apto-Albian rift depocenters are aligned along the northern margin of the Toulon Belt and the adjacent Bandol Belt to the west. In the Turonian-Coniacian Revest depocenter, stratal thickness variations, progressive unconformities lateral depocentre, and the westward increase in stratal, overturning of a flap on the basin’s southern margin all record localized strong asymmetrical growth of the 3D Mont Caumes salt wall. During Pyrenean-Provençal N-S convergence starting in Early Campanian, the salt wall was squeezed and reactivated as a thrust weld. The upper part of the flap was sheared and thrust north over the Beausset Syncline (Mont Caumes imbricate). Further to the west, the Saint-Cyr salt extrusion associated with the Santonian-Muschelkalk unconformity, indicates that the Bandol salt wall extruded at the same time as the main diapiric activity of the Mont Caumes salt wall. Compressional reactivation further extruded the salt body leading to emplacement of the Beausset Klippe onto the Beausset Syncline. The Toulon salt structures can be correlated with other examples of contractional salt structures in the external Alps and Pyrenees.
L9, un nouvel anticorps monoclonal prometteur contre le paludisme
Authors: Cools Théo , Jeanpierre Marie , Soulard Valérie
Published: September 2021

Dans le cadre de leur module d’analyse scientifique, des étudiants de la promotion 2020-2021 des Master 2 « Immunologie Translationnelle et Biothérapies » (ITB) et « Immunologie Intégrative et Systémique » (I2S) (Mention Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Parcours Immunologie, Sorbonne Université) se sont penchés sur la littérature et ont pris la plume pour partager avec les lecteurs de m/s quelques-uns des faits marquants de l’actualité en immunologie. Voici une sélection de quelques-unes de ces nouvelles, illustrant la large palette des axes de recherche en cours sur les mécanismes physiopathologiques des maladies infectieuses, auto-immunes, inflammatoires et tumorales et sur le développement d’immunothérapies pour le traitement de ces maladies.
Soft skills and universal competencies: relationship of concepts, structure and assessment
Authors: Drobotenko Yulia Borisovna , Nazarova Natalya Aleksandrovna , Smagina Irina Leonidovna , Panasenko Ekaterina Vladimirovna
Published: September 2021

The task of a modern higher education institution is to form graduates’ competencies that contribute to the construction of a flexible professional path in today’s continuously changing society. Success in solving these problems is provided by the presence of university graduates of the so-called universal competencies (according to FSES 3++), reflected in the ability to think systematically, critically assess the situation and possible resources for solving the problem, the ability to cooperate and self-organize. In foreign educational practice, these competencies are known as “flexible” competencies or “soft” skills. The article aims to disclose the concepts of “soft skills” and “universal competencies” in a meaningful way, to correlate their structures and summarize the experience of soft skills and universal competencies assessment in Russian and foreign practice. Research methods include: theoretical analysis on different approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of “soft skills” and “universal competence”; structural-content and comparative analyses that allow us to identify the common and special in the content and structure of these concepts; summarizing the experience of assessing “soft” skills and universal competencies, which provides an opportunity to identify best practices for diagnosing these skills and competencies. The result of the study is seen in the presentation of tools for assessing the universal competence of university students and the development of recommendations for its application in practice. It is concluded that it is necessary to organize procedures for diagnosing the development of universal competencies of students at different stages of learning in higher education. The scientific novelty of the study is to enrich the ideas of the competence approach with the knowledge of the general and specific in the content and structure of “soft” skills and universal competencies, the peculiarities of their evaluation. Practical significance is seen in the possibility of using the materials of the article for further research; study the dynamics of the development of universal competencies; development of training materials for students of professional development courses.
Specialists training in a technical university in the transition to a robotic society
Authors: Kipriyanova Marionella Arkadievna , Smolnikov Sergey Natanovich
Published: September 2021

The prerequisites for the research of the topic arise from the tasks of society modernization and social training of professional staff for these purposes. The latter has traditionally been based on sociology as a science appropriate to the present moment, studying societal problems at the group and individual levels of individual behavior. However, during the transition to the Bologna model of education, it was withdrawn from the Federal State Educational Standard for training future engineers and dramatically downgraded in status, which had a negative impact on their personal potential as professionals. This was stated by employers who had been given the task of using these graduates for the purposes of Russia’s transition to an information, robotic society. The purpose of the research is to draw the attention of society and the authorities to the importance of strengthening the social training of groups capable of keeping up with the scientific and technological progress of society, using the base of sociological knowledge. For the methodological basis of the topic were used: the sociology of higher education, theories of personal role behavior, as well as the concept of social humanism. Three sets of sources and literature on the topic have been studied, revealing the main problem of society, which centers on the situation with “artificial sociality” as a condition of socialization of student youth, and the conjunction of their behavior with “digital risks”; as well as the impact of these risks on both natural and social environments. It is argued that students who are already taking these risks today are potential creators of new “digital” and other technologies, who have not mastered the skills of forecasting social and professional behavior and have not formed themselves as a whole person. The hypothesis formulated in the article about the tendency to reduce the hours of social training in universities for engineering personnel has been confirmed. The reason for this trend is the neoliberal policy of austerity on education.
Trainingsintensität im Gesundheitssport
Authors: Thienes Gerd , Randl Kathrin , Glage Denis
Published: September 2021

Das High-Intensity-Interval-Training (HIIT) erfährt derzeit eine breite
Aufmerksamkeit in der Trainingswissenschaft und -praxis. So ist das Training
u. a. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass kurze Trainingszeiten und geringe
Belastungsumfänge mit hohen und maximalen Belastungsintensitäten
kombiniert werden. Positive Effekte von HIIT zeigen sich in verschiedenen
Bereichen, wie z. B. der Ausdauerentwicklung und dem Wohlbefinden. Dabei
postuliert die Dual-Mode-Theory eine Wechselbeziehung der
Trainingsintensität sowohl mit der affektiven Reaktion während
als auch mit der Befindlichkeit nach der Belastung. Ziel der Studie ist es, die
Effektivität von HIIT im Gesundheitssport in Abhängigkeit der
körperlich-sportlichen Aktivität bezogen auf die Befindlichkeit
nach dem Training zu überprüfen. In die Untersuchung wurden 35
Personen im Alter von durchschnittlich 22,97 Jahren (±1,99) aufgenommen.
Über die Anzahl einer mindestens 60-minütigen
körperlich-sportlichen Aktivität (MVPA) in der vergangenen und
in einer normalen Woche, wurden die Testpersonen entweder der Gruppe wenig
Aktiver (MVPA ≤ 3, n=22) oder Aktiver (MVPA>3,
n=13) zugeordnet. Vor und nach einem 7-wöchigen Training wurden
die Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit mit dem 20-m-Shuttle-Run und die
Befindlichkeit (BFS-Skalen) erhoben. Die Intervention bestand aus 16
Übungen, welche 2-mal mit einer Belastungsdauer von 20 Sekunden bei
einer Pause von 10 Sekunden durchlaufen wurden. Vier Trainingseinheiten mit sehr
hohen Belastungsintensitäten (Borg-Skala) wechselten mit 3 moderaten
Einheiten. Für eine Überprüfung der wahrgenommenen
Intensität wurden in der Woche 6 und 7 die Session-RPE von den
Testpersonen erfragt. Die Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit verbesserte sich
über die Zeit signifikant (t=6,24; p<0,001;
d=1,20). Aktivere unterscheiden sich, bezogen auf die wahrgenommene
Intensität, bei intensivem Training signifikant von den wenig Aktiven
(t=3,20; p=0,003; d=1,09). Sowohl moderates als auch
intensives Training zeigen signifikant positive Einflüsse auf das
Wohlbefinden (p<0,050) und somit können körperlich
Aktivere gleichfalls bei intensiveren Belastungen ihr Wohlbefinden
fördern. Die Ergebnisse deuten vor dem Hintergrund der Dual-Mode-Theory
darauf hin, dass hohe Belastungsintensitäten nicht notwendigerweise zu
Missbefinden bei Anfängern führen. Somit kann ein hochintensives
Training als eine Ergänzung im Gesundheitstraining eingesetzt werden
Temporäre Hilfe für das Herz
Authors: Wolter Björn , Mannebach Thomas , Krüger Lars
Published: September 2021

Seit einigen Jahren sind zur Versorgung von Menschen mit komplexen Herzerkrankungen auch Systeme zur primär kurzfristigen Unterstützung und Entlastung des Herzens erhältlich. Der Einsatz in der Intensivmedizin erfordert unter anderem eine sorgfältige und engmaschige Überwachung durch ein multiprofessionelles Team. Pflegende nehmen hierbei eine wichtige Rolle ein, denn die komplexe Patientenbeobachtung und -versorgung ist ein zentraler Aufgabenschwerpunkt.
Psychiatrische Patientinnen in der Geburtsmedizin in Deutschland – die juristischen Grundlagen und eine thematische Analyse von Fallbeispielen
Authors: Hägele Claudia , Großbölting Ralf , Weisshaupt Karen , Weichert Alexander , Henrich Wolfgang , Walter Henrik
Published: September 2021

Die Betreuung von erwachsenen Patientinnen mit insbesondere schwersten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen im klinischen geburtshilflichen Alltag ist selten, stellt aber aufgrund ihrer Komplexität eine große Herausforderung für alle beteiligten Professionen dar. Die Krankheitsbilder sind sehr variabel. In der Versorgung gibt es eine Reihe von Zuständigkeiten, die ineinandergreifen. Für die Geburtsplanung ist die medizinisch-fachliche Zusammenarbeit von Psychiatrie, Geburtsmedizin und Pädiatrie notwendig. Die Patientinnen werden oftmals durch gesetzliche Betreuer*innen vertreten. Für das Wohl der Familie und der Kinder ist das Jugendamt zuständig. Die rechtlichen Grundlagen liefern im Wesentlichen das Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch, das Strafgesetzbuch und spezifisches Landesrecht, deren Einhaltung durch Gerichte überwacht wird. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden typische psychiatrische Krankheitsbilder exemplarisch vorgestellt. Juristisch definierte Anwendungen wie Unterbringung, unterbringungsähnliche freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen, ärztliche Zwangsmaßnahmen und rechtfertigender Notstand werden erläutert. Im Sinne einer thematischen Analyse werden diese auf die Fallbeispiele angewendet und das peripartale Management wird vor dem rechtlichen Hintergrund diskutiert. Die genaue Kenntnis der juristischen Hintergründe erleichtert Geburtsmediziner*innen die Handlungsabläufe und die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit insbesondere an perinatologischen Zentren.
Qualitätsgesicherte Übersetzung des Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (W-DEQ_A) ins Deutsche
Authors: Mattern Elke , Ayerle Gertrud M.
Published: September 2021

Einleitung Der „Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire“ von Claas Wijma et al. (W-DEQ_A), der in der Schwangerschaft international am häufigsten zur Bestimmung von großer Angst vor der Geburt eingesetzt wird, lag bisher nicht in der deutschen Sprache vor. Angst vor der Geburt wird in europäischen Ländern, Canada, Australien und den USA mit einer Prävalenz von 6,3% bis 14,8% angegeben. Insbesondere bei Frauen mit Angst vor der Geburt sind die Risiken für eine Präeklampsie, intrauterine Wachstumsretardierung und Kaiserschnitte erhöht.

Methode Eine von Claas Wijma autorisierte englische Fassung des W-DEQ_A wurde entsprechend der Richtlinie von Ohrbach et al. (INfORM) sprachlich übersetzt und kulturell adaptiert. Die Inhaltsvalidität wurde statistisch durch die Scale-Content Validity Index/Average Methode (S-CVI/Ave) bestimmt.

Ergebnisse Die einer unabhängigen Begutachtung unterzogenen übersetzten Textteile des W-DEQ_A belegten die sprachliche und kulturelle Validität. Eine einleitende Frage und drei Items mussten erneut übersetzt werden. Darüber hinaus war eine Änderung der Formulierung bei drei weiteren Items notwendig, um eine kulturelle Äquivalenz zu erreichen. Die errechnete Inhaltsvalidität ergab einen „exzellenten“ S-CVI/Ave von 0,91.

Schlussfolgerung Als Fragebogen zur Selbsteinschätzung mit dem Titel „Gedanken und Gefühle schwangerer Frauen im Hinblick auf die bevorstehende Geburt“ liegt der W-DEQ_A nun in Deutsch vor. In Form einer digitalen Gesundheits-App könnte der Fragebogen verschrieben und das Ergebnis direkt in die elektronische Patientenakte übernommen werden.
Exercise Dose and Aerobic Fitness Response in Alzheimerʼs Dementia:
Findings from the FIT-AD Trial
Authors: Salisbury Dereck , Mathiason Michelle A. , Yu Fang
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-month cycling aerobic
exercise intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness and the dose-response
relationship in community-dwelling older adults with mild-to-moderate
Alzheimerʼs dementia. The FIT-AD trial was a single blind, 2-parallel group,
pilot randomized controlled trial. The aerobic exercise group participated in a
6-month, thrice weekly, moderate-vigorous intensity cycling intervention while
control group performed stretching. Cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated by
peak oxygen consumption from cardiopulmonary exercise test and peak walking
distance from the shuttle walk test and 6-minute walk test. Aerobic exercise
dose was calculated using the novel heart rate physical activity score. The
aerobic exercise group significantly increased peak oxygen consumption
(1.28 ml/kg/min; p=0.03) in subgroup who
achieved maximal criteria on cardiopulmonary exercise test. Changes in peak
oxygen consumption and peak walking distance on the shuttle walk and 6-minute
walk tests did not significantly differ between aerobic exercise and stretching
groups. Notably, the aerobic exercise dose was strongly and significantly
correlated to change in peak oxygen consumption (r=0.60; n=16;
p=0.01), in subset who met maximal test criteria. Emphasis on exercise
dose is needed in aerobic exercise programs to maximize cardiorespiratory
fitness gains in persons with mild-moderate Alzheimerʼs dementia.