bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Binding Affinity of a Chiral PNA Analogue.
Authors: Li Ying , Jin Tao , Liu Keliang
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Glycosyltransferases for Carbohydrate Synthesis: α‐2,3‐Sialyltransferase from Neisseria gonorrheae.
Authors: Izumi Masayuki , Shen Gwo‐Jenn , Wacowich‐Sgarbi Shirley , Nakatani Takuji , Plettenburg Oliver , Wong Chi‐Huey
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Structural Isomeric Siderophores from the Freshwater Cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica (NIES‐19).
Authors: Itou Yusai , Okada Shigeru , Murakami Masahiro
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammocidin, a New Apoptosis Inducer in Ras‐Dependent Cells from Saccharothrix sp. Part 1. Production, Isolation and Biological Activity.
Authors: Murakami Ryo , Tomikawa Taijiro , Shin‐Ya Kazuo , Shinozaki Junko , Kajiura Takayuki , Kinoshita Taisei , Miyajima Atsushi , Seto Haruo , Hayakawa Yoichi
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Benzyl‐3,4‐iminobutanoic Acid as Inhibitor of Carboxypeptidase A.
Authors: Park Jeong‐il , Kim Dong H.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Orbital Correlations in Doped Manganites
Authors: Hill J. P. , Nelson C. S. , von Zimmermann M. , Kim Y.‐J. , Gibbs D. , Casa D. , Keimer B. , Murakami Y. , Venkataraman C. , Gog T. , et al. et al.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Kinetic Behavior of Metals in Water Vapor at High Temperatures: Can General Rules Be Proposed?
Authors: Galerie A. , Wouters Y. , Caillet M.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tentative Rationalization of Microwave Effects in Organic Synthesis According to the Reaction Medium, and Mechanistic Considerations
Authors: Perreux Laurence , Loupy Andre
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: About the Antiaromaticity of Planar Cyclooctatetraene
Authors: Klaerner Frank‐Gerrit
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Transition Metal Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination Reactions — A Breakthrough?
Authors: Nobis Markus , Driessen‐Hoelscher Birgit
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbenes in Matrices: Spectroscopy, Structure, and Photochemical Behavior.
Authors: Maier Gunther , Reisenauer Hans Peter
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Jostling for Position: Optimizing Linker Location in the Design of Estrogen Receptor‐Targeting PROTACs
Authors: Cyrus Kedra , Wehenkel Marie , Choi Eun‐Young , Lee Hyosung , Swanson Hollie , Kim Kyung‐Bo
Published: May 2010

Estrogen receptor‐α (ER) antagonists have been widely used for breast cancer therapy. Despite initial responsiveness, hormone‐sensitive ER‐positive cancer cells eventually develop resistance to ER antagonists. It has been shown that in most of these resistant tumor cells, the ER is expressed and continues to regulate tumor growth. Recent studies indicate that tamoxifen initially acts as an antagonist, but later functions as an ER agonist, promoting tumor growth. This suggests that targeted ER degradation may provide an effective therapeutic approach for breast cancers, even those that are resistant to conventional therapies. With this in mind, we previously demonstrated that proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) effectively induce degradation of the ER as a proof‐of‐concept experiment. Herein we further refined the PROTAC approach to target the ER for degradation. The ER‐targeting PROTACs are composed of an estradiol on one end and a hypoxia‐inducing factor 1α (HIF‐1α)‐derived synthetic pentapeptide on the other. The pentapeptide is recognized by an E3 ubiquitin ligase called the von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), thereby recruiting the ER to this E3 ligase for ubiquitination and degradation. Specifically, the pentapeptide is attached at three different locations on estradiol to generate three different PROTAC types. With the pentapeptide linked through the C7α position of estradiol, the resulting PROTAC shows the most effective ER degradation and highest affinity for the estrogen receptor. This result provides an opportunity to develop a novel type of ER antagonist that may overcome the resistance of breast tumors to conventional drugs such as tamoxifen and fulvestrant (Faslodex).
Novel MRI and fluorescent probes responsive to the Factor XIII transglutaminase activity
Authors: Tei Lorenzo , Mazooz Galit , Shellef Yael , Avni Reut , Vandoorne Katrien , Barge Alessandro , Kalchenko Vyacheslav , Dewhirst Mark W. , Chaabane Linda , Miragoli Luigi , Longo Dario , Neeman Michal , Aime Silvio
Published: May 2010

Transglutaminases, including factor XIII and tissue transglutaminase, participate in multiple extracellular processes associated with remodeling of the extracellular matrix during wound repair, blood clotting, tumor progression and fibrosis of ischemic injuries. The aim of this work was to evaluate a novel substrate analog for transglutaminase optimized by molecular modeling calculations (DCCP16), which can serve for molecular imaging of transglutaminase activity by magnetic resonance imaging and by near‐infrared imaging. Experimental data showed covalent binding of Gd–DCCP16 and DCCP16‐IRIS Blue to human clots, to basement membrane components and to casein in purified systems as well as in three‐dimensional multicellular spheroids. In vivo, DCCP16 showed enhancement with a prolonged retention in clots and tumors, demonstrating the ability to detect both factor XIII and tissue transglutaminase mediated covalent binding of the contrast material. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clonal origin of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hodges Kurt B. , Cummings Oscar W. , Saxena Romil , Wang Mingsheng , Zhang Shaobo , Lopez‐Beltran Antonio , Montironi Rodolfo , Nour Hammam , Cheng Liang
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary tumor of the liver. Patients frequently have multiple histologically similar, but anatomically separate tumors. The clonal origin of multiple hepatocellular carcinomas is uncertain.

METHODS:

The authors analyzed 31 tumors from 12 different patients (11 women, 1 man), who had multiple hepatocellular carcinomas involving 1 or both lobes. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue using laser capture microdissection. DNA was analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH), X chromosome inactivation status, and TP53 gene mutations.

RESULTS:

Ten (83%) of the 12 patients showed LOH in at least 1 of the analyzed microsatellite markers. Concordant LOH patterns between separate hepatocellular carcinomas in individual patients were seen in 8 (80%) of 10 cases, whereas discordant patterns were seen in 2 (20%) of 10 cases. Five (50%) of 10 informative female patients showed identical nonrandom X chromosome inactivation patterns in multiple tumors; 1 case showed discordant nonrandom X chromosome inactivation pattern. TP53 mutations were identified in 8 (67%) of 12 patients. Tumors in 7 (88%) of these 8 patients showed different point mutations. Three patients (Cases 4, 5, and 10) had tumors with additional TP53 point mutations, indicating additional genetic abnormalities in these tumors.

CONCLUSIONS:

The data suggested that the significant proportion of patients with multifocal hepatocellular carcinomas have tumors of common clonal origin. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A phase 1 study of hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin in combination with systemic 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, and bevacizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors metastatic to the liver
Authors: Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Fu Siqing , Ng Chaan , Lim Jo Ann , Wen Sijin , Hong David , Wheler Jennifer , Bedikian Agop Y. , Eng Cathy , Wallace Michael , Camacho Luis H. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

Liver metastases in patients with cancer are associated with poor survival. The authors of this report conducted a phase 1 study of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) oxaliplatin combination therapy in patients with advanced cancer and liver metastases.

METHODS:

Treatment consisted of escalating doses of HAI oxaliplatin 60 mg/m2 to 175 mg/m2 and intra‐arterial heparin 3000 IU (Day 1); leucovorin 200 mg/m2 intravenously (iv) and 5‐fluorouracil 300 mg/m2 bolus plus 600 mg/m2 iv (Days 1 and 2); and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg iv (Day 3). A conventional “3 + 3” design was used.

RESULTS:

Fifty‐seven patients were treated, including 30 women and 27 men. The median age was 57 years, and the patients had received a median of 3 prior therapies (range, 1‐7 prior therapies). The most common cancer was colorectal (n = 29). Overall, 204 cycles were administered (median per patient, 2 cycles; range, 1‐17 cycles). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of HAI oxaliplatin was 140 mg/m2. Dose‐limiting toxicities were grade 4 thrombocytopenia (n = 1) and grade 4 hypokalemia (n = 1) at 150 mg/m2 (n = 5). Thirty‐three patients (58%) had no toxicity greater than grade 1. The most common toxicities were thrombocytopenia (n = 19), fatigue (n = 15), nausea/vomiting (n = 6), constipation (n = 6), and diarrhea (n = 4). Of 55 patients who were evaluable for response (according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors), 4 patients (7%) had a partial response (PR), and 32 patients (58%) had stable disease (SD), including 15 patients (48%) who had SD for ≥4 months. Of 28 patients with colorectal cancer, 3 patients (11%) had a PR, and 9 patients (32%) had SD for ≥4 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

HAI oxaliplatin combined with systemic 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, and bevacizumab had antitumor activity in patients with advanced cancer and liver metastases, and the current results indicated that this combination warrants further study. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Predictors and outcome of acute kidney injury in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Lahoti Amit , Kantarjian Hagop , Salahudeen Abdulla K. , Ravandi Farhad , Cortes Jorge E. , Faderl Stefan , O'Brien Susan , Wierda William , Mattiuzzi Gloria N.
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

Acute kidney injury (AKIis a common complication in the treatment of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR‐MDS), but, to the authors' knowledge, its clinical relevance has not been detailed to date. The objective of the current study was to identify the incidence, predictors, and outcome for AKI in patients with AML and HR‐MDS.

METHODS:

Data were analyzed from 537 patients with AML or HR‐MDS undergoing induction chemotherapy from 1999 to 2007. Predictors for AKI were identified by logistic regression. Eight‐week mortality of patients was estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method stratified by the RIFLE criteria, a novel multilevel classification system for AKI based on the percent rise in serum creatinine from baseline (Risk, >50%; Injury, >100%; and Failure, >200% or requiring dialysis).

RESULTS:

A total of 187 patients (36%) developed AKI. Significant independent risk factors for AKI included the following: age ≥55 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.8), mechanical ventilation (OR, 16), use of vancomycin (OR, 2.3), diuretics (OR, 3.0), amphotericin B lipid formulation (OR, 2.7), vasopressors (OR, 4.9), leukopenia (OR, 1.9), hypoalbuminemia (OR, 1.4), and use of non‐fludarabine–based chemotherapy (OR, 2.7). The 8‐week mortality rates were 3.8%, 13.6%, 19.6%, and 61.7% for the non‐RIFLE, Risk, Injury, and Failure categories, respectively. Patients requiring dialysis (8%) had a median survival of 33 days. Survival of patients who achieved complete remission was favorable, regardless of degree of AKI.

CONCLUSIONS:

The RIFLE classification for AKI appears to have prognostic utility in predicting mortality in patients with AML or HR‐MDS. Relatively mild elevations in creatinine are associated with higher mortality. Strategies to avoid nephrotoxic drugs or fluid overload may be of benefit. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Telecytopathology for immediate evaluation of fine‐needle aspiration specimens
Authors: Alsharif Mariam , Carlo‐Demovich Jamie , Massey Caroline , Madory James E. , Lewin David , Medina Ana‐Maria , Recavarren Rosemary , Houser Patricia M. , Yang Jack
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

On‐site evaluation of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens by a pathologist is essential to obtain adequate samples and provide a preliminary diagnosis. Distance from the laboratory can make this difficult. The authors present their experience with on‐site evaluation using telecytopathology.

METHODS:

Dynamic images of cytology smears were captured and processed with a Nikon digital camera system for microscopy and transmitted via Ethernet. A pathologist accessed the real‐time images on a computer and interpreted them while communicating with on‐site operators over the telephone. Sample adequacy and accuracy of preliminary diagnosis were compared with those obtained by regular on‐site evaluation.

RESULTS:

A total of 429 telecytopathology cases and 363 conventional on‐site cases were compared. Specimens were mainly from the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and lymph nodes. Adequacy rate was 94.0% for telecytopathology and 97.7% for conventional cases. Preliminary diagnoses of unsatisfactory, adequate (defer), negative/benign, atypical, neoplasm, suspicious, and positive for malignancy were 6.3%, 13.5%, 14.9%, 17.9%, 7.2%, 8.6%, and 31.5% for telecytopathology and 3.9%, 30.6%, 21.5%, 9.6%, 5.0%, 5.2%, and 24.2% for conventional cases. Preliminary and final diagnoses were discrepant in 7 (1.8%) of 371 telecytopathology cases, and in 8 (3.1%) of 252 conventional cases. Difficulty was encountered in some cases in distinguishing pancreatic endocrine neoplasm from lymphoid proliferations, and low grade pancreatic tumors from chronic pancreatitis via telecytopathology.

CONCLUSIONS:

On‐site evaluation of FNA specimens via telecytopathology assures sample adequacy and accurate preliminary diagnosis compared with the conventional method. It allows pathologists to use their time more efficiently and makes on‐site evaluations at remote locations possible. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Gold Nanoelectrode Arrays and their Evaluation by Impedance Spectroscopy and Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Lantiat David , Vivier Vincent , Laberty‐Robert Christel , Grosso David , Sanchez Clément
Published: May 2010

A sol–gel strategy is developed to fabricate highly regular Au nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) consisting of a nanoperforated ultrathin membrane of ZrO2, which exhibits a well‐ordered array of pores (65±5) nm in diameter with a mean center‐to‐center distance of (110±10) nm, on a polycrystalline gold surface. The structural properties are investigated by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), while grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) is used to assess the thickness homogeneity and the period of the array of electrodes. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are carried out to describe quantitatively the accessibility, electrochemical behavior, and diffusion processes of the gold NEA. A model applying parameters obtained from FE‐SEM, CV, and EIS analyses is proposed to simulate the experimental results. A fairly good agreement between the experimental and the simulated data is obtained, thus allowing the deconvolution of the different diffusion regimes at the NEA.
Self–other disagreement in personality assessment: significance and prognostic value
Authors: Mosterman R. M. , Hendriks A. A. Jolijn
Published: May 2010

The feasibility of the use of multiple informant reports in clinical practice was examined in a sample of 105 psychiatric outpatients who provided self‐ratings and (2–3) informants' reports on the Five Factor Personality Inventory. The response rate was 97%. The patients assessed themselves as less extraverted and more emotionally stable than their proxies did. In addition, the significance of self–other disagreement was investigated. Our first hypothesis, stating that self–other disagreement would correlate with (personality) pathology, was confirmed: self–other disagreement predominantly occurred in introverted, shy, hostile and depressed persons who tended to have more personality problems and co‐morbidity. We found no support for our second hypothesis, stating that self–other disagreement would predict a diminished therapy effect. An important finding, however, was that self–other disagreement proved to be a strong predictor of dropout. Furthermore, a decrease in depression, hostility and shyness was positively correlated with a decrease in self–other disagreement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• The use of multiple informants in personality assessment is a feasible enterprise in clinical practice.

• Self–other disagreement in personality assessment predominantly occurs in introverted, shy, hostile and depressed patients.

• Self–other disagreement is found more often in patients with personality problems and co‐morbidity.

• Self–other disagreement, in particular on conscientiousness, proves to be a strong predictor of dropout.
A High Heat of Adsorption for Hydrogen in Magnesium Formate
Authors: Schmitz Barbara , Krkljus Ivana , Leung Emi , Höffken Hans Wolfgang , Müller Ulrich , Hirscher Michael
Published: May 2010

The hydrogen adsorption and desorption properties of a microporous metal–organic framework, magnesium formate, are investigated. The material has channel‐like pores of approximately 3.4 Å diameter. The pore size is below the kinetic diameter of nitrogen and causes a breakdown of the linear relationship between maximum hydrogen uptake and specific surface area measured by nitrogen adsorption. From the experimental isotherms the isosteric heat of adsorption for hydrogen is calculated with very high accuracy over a wide range of surface coverage, up to 80 %. The isosteric heat of adsorption is 6.5–7 kJ mol−1 which is one of the highest values ever observed over the whole range of surface coverage.
Imidate–Phosphanes as Highly Versatile N,P Ligands and Their Application in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Reactions
Authors: Noël Timothy , Bert Katrien , Van der Eycken Erik , Van der Eycken Johan
Published: May 2010

Chiral imidate–phosphanes were developed as a new type of N,P ligands. These ligands are easily accessible through a one‐step procedure starting from a commercially available chiral aminophosphane and an imidate precursor. Excellent performance of the catalyst system was observed with various carbon nucleophiles in the Pd0‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (up to 99 % yield and >99 % ee). Moreover, good to excellent enantioselectivities could also be obtained in the allylic alkylation of more difficult linear unhindered substrates and cyclic substrates, demonstrating that this new catalyst system has a broad substrate scope.
The Ribosome Comes Alive
Authors: Frank Joachim
Published: May 2010

Abstract: This essay is a reflection on the ways the X‐ray structures of the ribosome are helping in the interpretation of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) density maps showing the translating ribosome in motion. Through advances in classification methods, cryo‐EM and single‐particle reconstruction methods have recently evolved to the point where they can yield an array of structures from a single sample (“story in a sample”), providing snapshots of an entire subprocess of translation, such as translocation or decoding.
Neuroserpin regulates the density of dendritic protrusions and dendritic spine shape in cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Borges Victor M. , Lee Tet W. , Christie David L. , Birch Nigel P.
Published: May 2010

Neuroserpin is a member of the serpin superfamily that is expressed principally in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuroserpin's spatial‐temporal expression during development and in the adult brain suggests possible roles in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. This is supported by behavioral changes in transgenic mice overexpressing neuroserpin. We have used an embryonic rat primary hippocampal neuron culture model to investigate whether neuroserpin can regulate elements of synaptic morphology that may be involved in these changes in cognitive function. Neuroserpin localized to axonal and dendritic compartments in cultured neurons and accumulated in synapsin‐positive presynaptic terminals. Increased expression of neuroserpin resulted in an increase in the density of dendritic protrusions and alterations in dendritic spine shape. Our results identify neuroserpin as a new regulator of structural plasticity and suggest a cellular mechanism that may contribute to neuroserpin's effects on cognition. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometric method for the screening and quantification of illicit drugs and their metabolites in human urine using solid‐phase extraction and trimethylsilyl derivatization
Authors: Cheong Jae Chul , Suh Sung Ill , Jun Ko Beom , Kim Jin Young , In Moon Kyo , Cheong Won Jo
Published: May 2010

A simple and rapid GC‐MS method has been developed for the screening and quantification of many illicit drugs and their metabolites in human urine by using automatic SPE and trimethylsilylation. Sixty illicit drugs, including parent drugs and their metabolites that are possibly abused in Korea, can be monitored by this method. Among them, 24 popularly abused illicit drugs were selected for quantification. Very delicate optimizations were carried out in SPE, trimethylsilylation derivatization, and GC/MS to enable such remarkable achievements. Trimethylsilylated analytes were well separated within 21 min by GC‐MS. In the validation results, the LOD of all the analytes were in the range of 2–75 ng/mL. The LOQ of the quantified analytes were in the range of 5–98 ng/mL. The linearity (r2) of the quantified analytes ranged 0.990–1.000 in each concentration range between 10 and 1000 ng/mL. The mean recoveries ranged from 62 to 126% at three different concentrations of each analyte. The inter‐day and inter‐person accuracies were within −13.3∼14.9%, and −10.1∼13.0%, respectively, and the inter‐day and inter‐person precisions were less than 12.9%. The method was reliable and efficient for the screening and quantification of abused illicit drugs in routine urine analysis.
Determination of metoprolol in human plasma and urine by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Yilmaz Bilal , Asci Ali , Arslan Sakir
Published: May 2010

A simple, specific and sensitive HPLC method has been developed for the determination of metoprolol in human plasma and urine. Separation of metoprolol and atenolol (internal standard) was achieved on an Ace C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm×4.6 mm id) using fluorescence detection with λex=276 nm and λem=296 nm. The mobile phase consists of methanol–water (50:50, v/v) containing 0.1% TFA. The analysis was performed in less than 10 min with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 3 – 200 and 5 – 300 ng/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The LOD were 1.0 and 1.5 ng/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The LOQ were 3.0 and 5.0 ng/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The extraction recoveries were found to be 95.6 ± 1.53 and 96.4 ± 1.75% for plasma and urine, respectively. Also, the method was successfully applied to three patients with hypertension who had been given an oral tablet of 100 mg metoprolol.
Predicting the risk of severe bacterial infection in children with chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia
Authors: Macher Emilie , Dubos François , Garnier Nathalie , Delebarre Mathilde , De Berranger Eva , Thebaud Estelle , Mazingue Françoise , Leblond Pierre , Martinot Alain
Published: May 2010

Background

The prognosis of febrile neutropenia (FN) in childhood cancer has been considerably improved by the intensification of treatment, including systematic hospitalization and broad‐spectrum antibiotics. As only few children present with a severe bacterial infection (SBI), clinical decision rules have been developed to distinguish those at risk for SBI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of six clinical decision rules proposed in the literature and to compare their performance.

Methods

This retrospective two‐center cohort study included all episodes of chemotherapy‐induced FN in children admitted between January 2005 and December 2006. Each rule was applied to our patients. Their sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were calculated and compared with the authors' results, to assess reproducibility. The most predictive rule was defined in advance as that yielding 100% Se, the highest Sp, and the greatest simplicity for bedside application.

Results

Three hundred seventy‐seven episodes of FN in 167 patients were collected; 64 episodes were associated with SBI, including 36 with bacteremia. Four of the six rules were reproducible, but none were able to be validated. The most predictive rule for bacteremia had 96% Se (95% confidence interval (CI): 79–99%) and 25% Sp (95% CI: 19–33%), and the most predictive rule for SBI had 95% Se (95% CI: 87–98%), but no power of discrimination (Sp = 5%, 95% CI: 3–8%).

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the difficulty in identifying standardized decision rules in the management of a condition with numerous clinical variables like FN. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:662–667. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ginkgo biloba and risk of cancer: secondary analysis of the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study
Authors: Biggs Mary L. , Sorkin Barbara C. , Nahin Richard L. , Kuller Lewis H. , Fitzpatrick Annette L.
Published: May 2010

Purpose

Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that Ginkgo biloba has cancer chemopreventive properties, but epidemiological evidence is sparse. We analyzed cancer as a secondary endpoint in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study, the largest randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of Ginkgo supplementation to date.

Methods

A total of 3069 GEM participants 75+ years of age were randomized to twice‐daily doses of either 120 mg Ginkgo extract (EGb 761) or placebo and followed for a median 6.1 years. We identified hospitalizations for invasive cancer by reviewing hospital admission and discharge records for all reported hospitalizations over follow‐up. Using an intention‐to‐treat approach, we compared the risk of cancer hospitalization between participants assigned to treatment and those assigned to placebo.

Results

During the intervention, there were 148 cancer hospitalizations in the placebo group and 162 in the EGb 761 group (Hazard ratio (HR), 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87–1.36; p = 0.46). Among the site‐specific cancers analyzed, we observed an increased risk of breast (HR, 2.15; 95%CI, 0.97–4.80; p = 0.06) and colorectal (HR, 1.62; 95%CI, 0.92–2.87; p = 0.10) cancer, and a reduced risk of prostate cancer (HR, 0.71; 95%CI, 0.43–1.17; p = 0.18).

Conclusions

Overall, these results do not support the hypothesis that regular use of Ginkgo biloba reduces the risk of cancer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical properties tailoring for new devices engineering in high‐gap oxides
Authors: Ricci Pier Carlo , Casu Alberto , Salis Marcello , Fortin Emery , Anedda Alberto
Published: May 2010

Monocrystal matrices of high‐gap oxides are finding increasing applications as hosts of luminescent ions, typically rare earths (RE)s. Currently, RE‐doped oxyorthosilicates, aluminum perovskites, and garnets (RE2SiO5–REAlO3–RE3Al5O12) are widely used as highly efficient and fast scintillators for γ‐ray detection. On the other hand, shallow or deep intragap energy levels, due to stoichiometric deviation or impurities unintentionally added in the crystals, play a counteractive role giving rise to slower scintillation decay time, reduced light yield and afterglow. The aim of this work is to show how it is possible to tailor these unwelcome outcomes and RE‐ion interactions for engineering new devices for optical memory storage. In this sense, experimental results of thermo‐ and radio‐luminescence are presented. The role of the bandgap and the location in energy of the levels due to the RE dopants and to the defects is discussed from a theoretical point of view. The feasibility in the near future of new promising transparent displays is also discussed.
Ageing of electrochromic WO3 coatings characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Pehlivan Esat , Niklasson Gunnar A. , Granqvist Claes‐Göran , Georén Peter
Published: May 2010

We have developed a method for characterization of ageing of electrochromic materials by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochromic WO3 thin films have been electrochemically cycled in propionic acid electrolyte and probed by EIS and optical measurements. A very small amount of optical degradation was observed in both the bleached and coloured states. The samples exhibited a few hundred times higher impedance in the bleached state than in the coloured state. It was observed that, in the bleached state, impedance values at low frequencies increased significantly with increasing number of cycles.
Preparation and characterization of Zn1−xFexO thin films
Authors: Marí B. , Elmanouni A. , Damonte L. , Mollar M.
Published: May 2010

Zn1−xFexO ternary thin films were electrodeposited from electrolytes containing Fe(II) and Fe(III) perchlorate precursors dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The Fe molar fraction in the starting electrolyte ranged between 0 and 69%. Films were deposited onto ITO/glass conductive substrates at 80 °C in presence of molecular O2 at deposition potentials ranging from −0.7 to −0.9 V. Any effect of the potential in this range was observed. Electrodeposited films were analyzed by energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), XRD, optical transmittance, and reflectivity spectroscopies. EDS results confirm the incorporation of iron in Zn1−xFexO films and the Fe final content x increases proportionally to the initial Fe/Zn ratio present in starting solution. XRD patterns proved that all Zn1−xFexO films have wurtzite crystal structure. The optical transmittance spectra show a high transmittance around 85% in visible region and the absorption edge becomes more deformed as the Fe concentration increase. Independent of their Fe content, the electrodeposited Zn1−xFexO films do not show any evidence of magnetic order.
Self‐selection for stressful experiences
Authors: Barker David B.
Published: May 2010

Studies of self‐selection for stressful experiences have employed different models advocating variables specific to those models. These investigations typically utilize personal resource or psychological distress measures to predict occurrences of life events and daily hassles. The purpose of this investigation was to combine both types of measures to estimate the occurrence of life events and daily hassles prospectively. Using hierarchical multiple regression, occurrences of stressful experiences were regressed on personal resource variables (mastery, self‐esteem, conscientiousness and neuroticism), perceived social support, avoidance coping, gender and psychological distress assessed 10 weeks prior. Results indicated that depressive symptoms and avoidance coping were consistent estimators for both types of stressor. The influence of mastery, self‐esteem, neuroticism, social support and gender varied across stressor categories. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New crown–rump length curve based on over 3500 pregnancies
Authors: Pexsters A. , Daemen A. , Bottomley C. , Van Schoubroeck D. , De Catte L. , De Moor B. , D'Hooghe T. , Lees C. , Timmerman D. , Bourne T.
Published: May 2010

Objectives

The Robinson and Hadlock crown–rump length (CRL) curves are commonly used to estimate gestational age (GA) based on the CRL of an embryo or fetus. However, the Robinson curve was derived from a small population using transabdominal sonography and the Hadlock curve was generated using early transvaginal ultrasound equipment. The aim of this study was to use transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound to study a large population of early pregnancies to assess embryonic or fetal size, and so create a new normal CRL curve from 5.5 weeks' gestation. We compared this with the Robinson and Hadlock CRL curves.

Methods

A retrospective database study of CRL in first‐trimester embryos was conducted in a fetal medicine referral center with a predominantly Caucasian population. Linear mixed‐effects analysis was performed to determine the relationship between CRL and GA. After internal validation of this curve, the CRL was compared with the expected CRL at a given GA according to both the Robinson and Hadlock models based on the paired t‐test. Bland–Altman plots were constructed to compare the CRL measurements obtained in our study population with those predicted according to GA by both the Robinson and Hadlock curves.

Results

In total 3710 normal singleton pregnancies with a known last menstrual period were included in the study, corresponding to 4387 scans. Our data differed significantly from both the Robinson and the Hadlock curves (paired t‐test, P < 0.0001). A mixed‐effects model for CRL as a function of GA was developed on 70% of the data and internally validated with z‐scores on the remaining 30%. The new curve extended from 5.5 to 14 weeks' gestation. Compared to our CRL curve, the Robinson curve gave a 4‐day underestimation of GA at 6 weeks with a difference in CRL of 3.7 mm and a 1‐day overestimation from 11 to 14 weeks with a difference in CRL of 0.9–1 mm. A comparison between our curve and the Hadlock curve showed a difference in CRL of 2.7 mm at 6 weeks, equivalent to an underestimation of 3 days, and a difference in CRL of 4.8 mm at 14 weeks, equivalent to an overestimation of 2 days. At 9 weeks all three curves were similar.

Conclusion

The new CRL curve suggests differences in the range of CRL measurements compared with the Robinson and Hadlock curves. These differences are most significant at the beginning and the end of the first trimester, and may lead to more accurate estimations of GA. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical characterization of a novel ArsA ATPase complex from Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF
Authors: Fu Hsueh-Liang , Rosen Barry P. , Bhattacharjee Hiranmoy
Published: May 2010

The two putative ars operons in Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF are distinctive in that the arsA gene is split in halves, amarsA1 and amarsA2, and, acr3 but not an arsB gene coexists with arsA. Heterologous expression of one of the A. metalliredigens ars operons (ars1) conferred arsenite but not antimonite resistance to Δars Escherichia coli. Only the co‐expressed AmArsA1 and AmArsA2 displayed arsenite or antimonite stimulated ATPase activity. The results show that AmArsA1–AmArsA2 interaction is needed to form the functional ArsA ATPase. This novel AmArsA1–AmArsA2 complex may provide insight in how it participates with Acr3 in arsenite detoxification.
The Limits of Tolerance in Diverse Societies: Hate Speech and Political Tolerance Norms Among Youth
Authors: Harell Allison
Published: May 2010

Abstract.Conventional measures of political tolerance have tended to assume that people see all forms of speech as equally legitimate (or equally illegitimate). This article develops an alternative view, and measure, of political tolerance to account for individual distinctions across types of speech. Political tolerance is conceptualized using three individual-level dispositions. The intolerant reject speech rights for all objectionable groups; absolute tolerators endorse speech rights for all groups viewed as objectionable; and multicultural tolerators support free speech except when such freedoms are used to target racial and ethnic minorities. Survey data from close to 10,000 youth in Canada and Belgium show that multicultural tolerance reflects civil liberties attitudes among many young citizens. These youth do see exclusionary speech as a special category of “intolerable” speech, consistent with legal restrictions on hate speech in many industrialized democracies. Such target group distinctions are an under-studied and under-specified component of contemporary political tolerance judgments.

Résumé.Les mesures conventionnelles de la tolérance politique tendent à présumer que les gens perçoivent tous les discours comme étant également légitimes (ou également illégitimes). Cet article développe une perspective différente et une mesure plus nuancée de la tolérance politique en relevant des distinctions entre les types de propos. On distingue trois dispositions individuelles en matière de tolérance politique. Les intolérants rejettent la liberté d'expression pour tous les groupes ou propos perçus comme importuns; les gens absolument tolérants appuient la liberté d'expression pour tous les groupes ou propos perçus comme importuns; et les adhérents de la tolérance multiculturelle appuient la libre expression publique des idées, sauf quand celle-ci sert à bafouer les minorités ethniques et raciales. Les résultats d'une enquête menée auprès d'environ 10 000 jeunes au Canada et en Belgique indiquent qu'un grand nombre de jeunes citoyens pratiquent la tolérance multiculturelle. Ces derniers considèrent les propos empreints d'exclusion comme une catégorie spéciale de propos «intolérables», conformément aux lois contre la propagande haineuse adoptées dans la plupart des pays développés. Les distinctions de ce genre sont des facteurs négligés dans notre compréhension des jugements contemporains sur la tolérance politique.
Can the Messiahship of Jesus Be Read off Paul's Grammar? Nils Dahl's Criteria 50 Years Later
Authors: Novenson Matthew V.
Published: May 2010

It is half a century since Nils A. Dahl wrote his important essay ‘Die Messianität Jesu bei Paulus’, in which he determines that χριστός in Paul is effectively a proper name, not a title, on the basis of four negative philological observations: it is never a general term; it is never a predicate of the verb ‘to be’; it never takes a genitive modifier; and it characteristically lacks the definite article. The purpose of this article is to reconsider what each of these observations entails about the messiahship of Jesus. My thesis is that, while all four observations are significant for understanding Paul's thought, they do not constitute proper criteria for assessing the role of the messiahship of Jesus therein.
The Hermeneutical Significance of Chapter Divisions in Ancient Gospel Manuscripts
Authors: Edwards James R.
Published: May 2010

The study commences with the five major ways of dividing the gospels in Christian history, after which the focus falls on the hermeneutical significance of the Old Greek Divisions. The most defining characteristic of the Divisions is their tendency to demarcate chapters on the basis of the miracles and parables of Jesus. In lieu of miracles or parables, major units of Jesus' teaching also determine Old Greek Divisions. The Synoptic passion narratives, and particularly Matthew's, display the greatest precision and organization among the Divisions. Titles of divisions aided in locating specific passages, identified corresponding material in the gospels by the same title, and when read or memorized in sequence offered an overview of the gospel narratives.
Israel and the Mercy of God: A Re-reading of Galatians 6.16 and Romans 9–11
Authors: Grove Eastman Susan
Published: May 2010

Noting the conjunction of ‘mercy’ and ‘Israel’ in Galatians 6.16 and Romans 9–11, this article argues that in both letters ‘Israel’ denotes the Jews. In Galatians 6.16, with an on-going mission to the Jews in view, Paul invokes peace on those who live according to the new creation, and mercy on unbelieving Israel. In Romans 9–11, he draws on both Scripture and his own experience of mercy to revisit the question of Israel's destiny, discerning therein a providential pattern of a divine call that is interrupted by obduracy under the law, and ultimately fulfilled in Christ.
Social Policy Digest Online
Authors: Bennett Fran , Jones Ken
Published: May 2010

The Social Policy Digest went online in 2002, and since then has developed into a major web-based resource on UK social policy issues. By the end of 2009 it contained over 25,000 entries, covering policy developments and research findings across the whole range of social policy fields.
INS/GPS Tightly-coupled Integration using Adaptive Unscented Particle Filter
Authors: Zhou Junchuan , Knedlik Stefan , Loffeld Otmar
Published: May 2010

With the rapid developments in computer technology, the particle filter (PF) is becoming more attractive in navigation applications. However, its large computational burden still limits its widespread use. One approach for reducing the computational burden without degrading the system estimation accuracy is to combine the PF with other filters, i.e., the extended Kalman filter (EKF) or the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). In this paper, the a posteriori estimates from an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) are used to specify the PF importance density function for generating particles. Unlike the sequential importance sampling re-sampling (SISR) PF, the re-sampling step is not required in the algorithm, because the filter does not reuse the particles. Hence, the filter computational complexity can be reduced. Besides, the latest measurements are used to improve the proposal distribution for generating particles more intelligently. Simulations are conducted on the basis of a field-collected 3D UAV trajectory. GPS and IMU data are simulated under the assumption that a NovAtel DL-4plus GPS receiver and a Landmark™ 20 MEMS-based IMU are used. Navigation under benign and highly reflective signal environments are considered. Monte Carlo experiments are made. Numerical results show that the AUPF with 100 particles can present improved system estimation accuracy with an affordable computational burden when compared with the AEKF and AUKF algorithms.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE EDELWEISS (LEONTOPODIUM, ASTERACEAE – GNAPHALIEAE)
Authors: Blöch C. , Dickoré W. B. , Samuel R. , Stuessy T. F.
Published: May 2010

Leontopodium is a genus of approximately 30 species with a conspicuous Asian–European disjunct distribution. In this study samples from the Himalayan/Tibetan centre of diversity of the genus, as well as from Europe, were analysed to infer a phylogeny of the genus using sequences of nuclear ribosomal (ITS and ETS) and plastid (matK and trnL/F) DNA. The Southeast Tibetan monotypic Sinoleontopodium [Leontopodium lingianum (Y.L.Chen) Dickoré, comb. nov.] falls into Leontopodium. Monophyly of Leontopodium, including Sinoleontopodium, is supported. Due to low rates of sequence divergence, intrageneric relationships in general are weakly supported, a pattern frequently observed in plant groups centred in the Tibetan Plateau. Three phylogenetic groups can be identified, however, and these are also supported by morphology. The low levels of nucleotide divergence suggest a young age for the group, which has been influenced by the turbulent geological history of the Tibetan Plateau. Leontopodium is a characteristic Sino-Himalayan element that appears to have found its way into the mountains of Europe in geologically recent times. The two European taxa, Leontopodium alpinum and L. nivale, form a genetically distinct group, which, considering the wide geographic disjunction, shows surprisingly little divergence from its Asian relatives.
NOVITATES GABONENSES 74. A NEW SPECIES OF CARPOLOBIA (POLYGALACEAE) FROM GABON AND ADJACENT CONGO
Authors: Breteler F. J.
Published: May 2010

The new species Carpolobia gabonica Breteler (Polygalaceae) from Gabon and adjacent Congo is described and illustrated. It is most closely related to Carpolobia gossweileri (Exell) E.M.A.Petit. The differences between the two species are summarised in a key which also includes Carpolobia alba G.Don, the only other species from that area.
Transatlantic Issues: Report from Scotland
Authors: SHAW DAVID M.
Published: May 2010

Several bioethical topics received a great deal of news coverage here in Scotland in 2009. Three important issues with transatlantic connections are the swine flu outbreak, which was handled very differently in Scotland, England, and America; the U.S. debate over healthcare reform, which drew the British National Health Service (NHS) into the controversy; and the release to Libya of the Lockerbie bomber, which at first glance might not seem particularly bioethical, but which actually hinged on the very public discussion of the prisoner’s medical records. On a national level, there have been attempts in both Scotland and England to change the law on assisted suicide, where success looks more likely than ever. This paper discusses each of these issues and hopefully will raise awareness of how these issues were dealt with in the United Kingdom and its component countries.