THE APPLIED ORIENTATION OF THE PHYSICS COURSE AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR FORMING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE MODEL OF FUTURE TECHNOLOGICAL ENGINEERS
Authors:   Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsyubynskyi, Biliuk Anatolii ,   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Ukraine, Diachynska Olena ,   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Ukraine
Published: May 2023

Reliability of structures is the most important problem in modern meсhanical engineering. Its solution poses the task of creating materials with high stable physical, mechanical, chemical and other properties. The materials that make up the basis of structures are, as a rule, operated in variable fields of various nature (mechanical, temperature, etc.), therefore they continuously change their properties. In this regard, progress in the field of mechanical engineering cannot be achieved without full knowledge of the real structure of materials, without a deep understanding of the microprocesses that occur in the materials during their processing and operation.Therefore, the purpose of the work is to describe methods and techniques for determining damping, structural and mechanical characteristics of materials and to evaluate the nature of their changes under the influence of temperature, time and force factors.The most promising non-destructive physical research methodsinclude the method of mechanical spectroscopy (internal friction) and the microhardness method. With the help of the method of mechanical spectroscopy, it is possible to reliably determine such seemingly different properties of materials as the ability to dampen vibrations arising during the operation of machine parts, the diffusion mobility of atoms in the crystal lattice and along dislocations. Internal friction (IF), which characterizes the ability to dissipate the energy of mechanical vibrations with a large and small amplitude in the material, can often be unambiguously associated with the number and mobility of dislocations and point defects of the crystal lattice. At the same time, it allows you to assess the material's susceptibility to another consequence, creep and grain boundary relaxation. Processes such as separation and dissolution of residual phases, relaxation, rest, hardening and tempering, dispersion hardening, plastic deformation and deformation aging and return have been successfully studied for many years by the method of internal friction. IF not only makes it possible to determine damping, structural and mechanical characteristics, but also to follow the nature of their changes in the fields of various nature [1–4]. Microhardness, which characterizes the energy of the interatomic bond of the crystal, its mechanical strength or the resistance of the crystal lattice to large plastic deformations and destruction, was chosen as a controlling characteristic in the study of the results.The research results showed that thermal cycling leads not only to the for-mation of high density dislocations in alloys, but also to their redistribution into polygonal walls. This is due to the fact that the available impurities, their complexes or separate dispersed allocations significantly block the newly formed dislocations and the already formed substructure, and thus increase its thermal stability and increase the heat resistance of the material. At the same time, as the strength characteristics increase, the damping properties are not significantly lost.Value/originality. Application of thermocycling under load is possible not only for materials made of dispersion-hardening alloys, which serve as raw materials for technology and industry, but also for finished parts and technical structures made of them. This will simplify the processing technology, reduce energy consumption and allow to obtain a significant economic effect.