bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PESTS IN CORN CROPS
Authors: COSTEA Maria Alina , KONJEVIC Aleksandra , GROZEA Ioana
Published: July 2023

Corn crops in Romania shelter a large number of insects and spiders, some of them harm the plants (pests) while others are useful (natural enemies). Bearing in mind the wide variety of species present and the high numerical quantity of recent years, we set out to find and exploit those capable of keeping pests under control in the context of the current focus on biological solutions to the detriment of chemical ones. Thus, in 2021-2022 we analyzed the set of pests and natural enemies from 2 lots of corn grown organically, from 2 agricultural companies in the western region. The results showed a great diversity and positive interactions, analyzed both in the open field and in cages. The effectiveness rate of ladybugs in preying on aphids was high (81%) and that of spiders in preying on leaf beetles (Diabrotica, Oulema, Phyllotreta and Chaetocnema) was still high (76.25%). The activity of the parasitoid wasps was reflected in a lower effectiveness rate (parasitized aphids) (14.84%), as was the case of the oophagous wasps that parasitized 10.71% of Ostrinia and Helicoverpa eggs. The future approach to pest management in organic corn crops should include exploitation of existing natural enemies, an affordable solution at low cost.
STRUCTURES OF THE DENDROFLORA OF PARK-MONUMENTS OF LANDSCAPE ART IN THE UKRAINIAN POLISSYA
Authors: DZYBA Anzhela
Published: July 2023

This article is devoted to the study of the systematic, biomorphological, and ecological classifications of the dendroflora of eleven park-monuments of landscape art established in the second half of the 20th century in the Ukrainian Polissya. In the protected parks, we identified 193 taxa of woody plants that belong to 82 genera and 34 families. The most common one was the family Rosaceae Juss. Among encountered woody plants, 14.2% species were indigenous and occurred in 5-11 parks. Fifty-nine woody plant species, among which 64.4% were rare, were associated with a single park and were represented by 1-7 specimens. At the same time, 69 woody plant species were associated with 2-4 parks, with 40.4% rare and 17.4% indigenous plant species. Life forms were represented by phanerophytes (36, 63, and 76 species of megaphanerophytes, mesophanerophytes, and micro- and nanophanerophytes, respectively) and a chamaephyte. In turn, the ecological structure was dominated by mesophytes (39.8%), hemisciophytes (46.6%), and mesotrophs (51.7%). Except for Bairak PMLA and Novostavskyi dendropark, the dendroflora of the surveyed parks was diverse.
Managing Pregnancy and Nursing Affecting African American Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Outcomes and Parenthood
Authors: M'Koma Amosy , Ware Jamie , Nabaweesi Rosemary , Chirwa Sanika
Published: July 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term for two autoimmune diseases encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) which are lifelong diseases affecting more than 3 million adults (1.3%) in the United States. IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the whole digestive system which results in damage to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBD often emerges during adolescence and young adulthood. Maternal morbidity includes physical and psychological conditions that result from or are aggravated by pregnancy and have an adverse effect on a woman’s health, the baby’s health or both. Some women have health challenges that arise before or during pregnancy that could lead to complications. It is recommended for women to receive health care counseling before and during pregnancy. Compared to other developed countries, the United States has the highest rate of women dying of pregnancy related complications. During the past 25 years maternal mortality has been getting worse. African American women (AAW) with and/or without IBD are dying at significantly higher rates than other groups. This is linked to several factors, i.e., systemic, institutionalized, and structural racism in health-care delivery and subsequent toxic stress from people’s lived experiences of racism, limited knowledge about healthcare system function, lack of access to healthcare, (inclusiveness and insurance policies) all of which negatively impact these patients. African Americans (AAs) are also up to three times as likely to experience severe maternal morbidity: unexpected outcomes of labor and delivery, deficient or lacking prenatal care and social determinants of health like lack of transportation, adequate employment, limited literacy, and limited healthcare access contribute to poor health outcomes. Studies on IBD patients indicate Medicaid expansion is associated with reduced rates of maternal morbidity, particularly for African American Women (AAW) and increased access to preconception and prenatal services that make pregnancy and childbirth safer for parent and baby. Herein we examine the physiological changes of pregnancy in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and their relationship perinatal outcomes and parenthood.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Colonising Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: Antibiotic Resistance and Growth Conditions Determined by in vivo and in vitro Gene Expression
Authors: Macedo-Viñas Marina
Published: July 2023

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main pathogen responsible for lung destruction in cystic fibrosis, becoming difficult to eradicate in chronic infection. Aims: To describe antibiotic resistance among strains of P.aeruginosa isolated from sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis. To investigate in vivo and in vitro expression of genes related to antibiotic resistance and anaerobic growth. Methods: Sputa (in vivo) and strains (in vitro) from 26 patients were obtained during 17 months. Genotypes were compared by random polymorphic DNA amplification. Expression of nirS (anaerobic respiration) and mexY (MexXY efflux pump) were measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Expression levels of nirS in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis were compared to estimate oxygenation status within lungs. Mutations in the regulator gene mexZ were investigated in sputa expressing mexY and were correlated with strains’ antibiotic resistance. Results: Nine patients and 56 sputa were finally analysed. Seven patients carried a single genotype. Gene mexY was detected in all the sputa; expression levels were higher in sputa with mexZ mutations. Multi-resistance was frequent. Resistance profiles not always correlated with mexY expression levels or mexZ mutations. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro nirS expression indicated mainly aerobic and microaerophilic environments within sputa. Discussion: Mutations in e mexZ are frequent in strains of P.aeruginosa colonising patients with cystic fibrosis. Presence of these mutations correlates with increased expression of mexY in vivo and in vitro, but no with in vivo antibiotic resistance. Results of nirS expression suggest that the lungs represent heterogeneous environments regarding oxygenation status. This complexity explains that mechanisms of growth and antibiotic resistance within the lungs of these patients are still largely unknown. Conclusions: After many years of research few studies, including the present, revealed different aspects of in vivo growth of P. aeruginosa. We determined a cut-off to discriminate between sputa containing mexZ wild type and mutated alleles and showed that comparison of in vivo and in vitro nirS expression allows to predict oxygenation status. So far, none of the studies can explain all the factors influencing the behaviour of P.aeruginosa colonising cystic fibrosis patients making it difficult to design new therapeutic strategies.
The Relevance of Regional Specificities of Intellectual Property Regulations for Pharmaceutical Industries: Brazilian Law Changes That Immediately Affected Crucial US-Pharmaceutical Patents with Correspondents in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Tatiana , Paes Thalita , Cordeiro Diericon , Martins Tales
Published: July 2023

In May, 2021, the single section of title 40 of the Brazilian industrial property act (LPI 9.279/1996), which guaranteed a minimum term of 10 years to a granted patent was found unconstitutional by a decision on the Direct Act of Unconstitutionality #5529/DF (ADI5529/DF). It resulted in crucial and immediate effects, especially in Brazilian pharmaceutical market, affecting the and the international interests of pharmaceutical companies in the Brazilian market. Such law changes, although being a national matter, but having international consequences must be under watch worldwide, since they are not arbitrary, but the result of the power that each country has to exert their legal freedom. Therefore, considering the information available on patent databases, this work evidences such effects, evaluating American pharmaceutical patents with correspondents in Brazil that had been benefiting from a particular provision of the Brazilian intellectual property law, the single section of title 40, which provide a minimum term to granted patents that took too long to be evaluated and should be an exception provision. From those data, we have found that 75% of those patents were affected in expressive ways, for instance, 38% of them immediately expired, and 33% had their terms drastically shortened. This work also shows that only 32% of those patents were not affected by the decision of unconstitutionality of single section of title 40 of the Brazilian law. This evidences a severe impact on the ways the national pharmaceutical companies will work, especially because this change immediately open to them several opportunities to explore drugs that, until the day before the decision, were in force and now are at public domain. However, they are not prepared to innovate and it may not be able to supply the market. On the other hand, multinational companies may withdraw from the market, since that are no longer working under a monopoly. The information disclosed in this work show that it will severely affect the Brazilian pharmaceutical market from now on and draws the attention to the need of companies to be aware of all national laws regarding to the market of interest.
Prof Cerebrospinal CNS-Leaks: State of the Art in Imaging Diagnosis with Special Focus on Intrathecal MRI Paramagnetic Contrast Agents Procedures
Authors: Muñoz Alberto , Oliviero Antonio
Published: July 2023

MR imaging has proved invaluable in anatomic depiction of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces and the surrounding neural and non-neural tissue, although there are still some clinical situations (i.e., cases of CSF-flow alterations, communicating or non-communicating cyst masses bordering CSF pathways, or craniospinal CSF leaks) in which further imaging tests may be required for a definitive diagnosis. This paper will review the state-of-the-art imaging in these processes, including Radionuclide Cisternography, plain Computed Tomography (CT) and enhanced-CT Cisternography/ myelography, as well as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced Cisternography/myelography, emphasizing the latest CT and MR imaging refinement advances and proposing tailored specific approaches for two well-established clinical syndromes, namely CSF rhinorrhea and intracranial hypotension syndrome.
Summative Entrustment Decision-Making in a National Entrustable Professional Activity-Based Residency Training Programme: Where theory meets practice
Authors: Smit Maaike , Gemke Reinoud , Loon Karsten , Visser Marieke , Hoog Matthijs , Velden Janiëlle
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) framework was introduced to operationalise and translate competency-based medical education into daily practice. Adoption of EPAs is recommended and supported in guidelines by educational research on trust and entrustment decision-making. However, systematic field studies evaluating the experiences of medical professionals (residents and supervisors) working with an EPA framework in daily practice are lacking. Still these evaluations are necessary to support the design and implementation of new EPA-based residency training programmes. This study provides an in-depth insight and a more comprehensive understanding of the experiences of professionals working in an EPA-based residency training programme. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using a constructivist approach. Focus groups were used for separate interviews with residents and supervisors assessing their experiences with the first national EPA-based residency training programme in the Netherlands. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the results of the focus groups and to define relevant themes. Results: The EPA framework enabled residents to enhance and individualise their training programme. Personal leadership proved to be essential for finding a balance between the requirements of the national training programme and exploration of residents’ individual talents, experience and learning curve. Supervisors’ supportive and guiding role is crucial throughout the process of EPA acquirement. Independent from each other, supervisors and residents indicated that trust (and not exhaustive testing) is essential in the summative assessment by a Clinical Competence Committee (CCC). Supervisors see added value in the mandatory portfolio that residents compile to help them prepare for the CCC meeting. Starting to work without supervision is an important but challenging goal once an EPA has been acquired. The ability to further individualise the training programme after an EPA has been acquired, varies among residents. Discussion: We found that residents and supervisors see added value in working and learning in an EPA-based residency training programme. Awareness and encouragement of self-regulated learning skills could potentially help create a balance between programme requirements and individualisation. When discussing a portfolio, trust and gut-feelings during CCC meetings is fundamental and helpful for supervisors to get a comprehensive view of the resident’s performance. An autonomy-supportive supervision strategy could encourage and improve residents’ autonomy and practice of working without direct supervision after acquiring an EPA.
Digital Health Care in Chronic Respiratory Diseases during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. A Critical Review
Authors: Raidou Vasiliki
Published: July 2023

The coronovarious disease 2019 pandemic increased the need for alternative disease monitoring, medication management, and rehabilitation approaches. During this period, significant adjustments were made to integrate telemedicine into various aspects of healthcare. This critical review describes the use and effectiveness of digital health approaches adopted for the care of people with chronic respiratory diseases during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. A thorough search was conducted in the PubMed database from January 2020 up to December 2022. A total of thirty studies were retrieved and reviewed for the utilization of telehealth services for education, monitoring, assessment, self-management, and rehabilitation in comparison to standard care or not. During the lockdown patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung diseases, lung cancer, and neuromuscular disorders indicated positive perception towards remote healthcare delivery. They expressed high levels of satisfaction and achieved self-management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Remote visits decreased exacerbations of asthma and reinforced smoke cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Teleassessment and monitoring increased the percentage of cystic fibrosis and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients seen via telemedicine. Web platforms and mobile applications supported telehealth interventions to reduce stress, depression, and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis, assessed the quality of life and physical activity of patients with sarcoidosis, and pursued health education in adolescents with asthma. A few studies carried out telerehabilitation programs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, and sarcoidosis. Findings advocate the feasibility of online exercises, the improvement of exercise capacity, muscle strength, respiratory muscle strength, and the reduction of dyspnea and fatigue.
Importance of Sex and the Distinction Between Colon and Rectal Cancer in the Association of Body Composition with Postoperative Mortality
Authors: Verduin Wouter , Helder Rick , Janssen Thomas , Houdijk Alexander
Published: July 2023

Background: Muscle and fat influence outcome after colorectal cancer surgery. Little data exist on mortality. Muscle mass (MM) relating to lower mortality is mostly studied in dichotomous approaches as sarcopenia or skeletal muscle index (SMI) but rarely as a continuous variable. For fat, compartments as visceral, subcutaneous, or intramuscular have different metabolic impact but on mortality little is known. Sex dictates muscle and fat mass that also may differ between colon and rectal cancer patients. Objective: To study associations of muscle and fat parameters as continuous variables with mortality in men and women after colon or rectal cancer resection. Design: Retrospective multicenter cohort study Setting: This study used data of the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit from 2011 through 2014 from 8 Dutch teaching hospitals. Body composition was assessed on pre-operative CT scans. Patients: 2597 colon and 931 rectal cancer patients Main outcome measures: Associations of muscle and fat measures with 5- year MR in male and female colon and rectal cancer patients. Results: Negative associations of MM and SMI and positive associations of muscle fat (MF) and sarcopenia with mortality were found only in male patients. The effect of MM and sarcopenia was found in both colon and rectal patients whereas SMI had no effect in rectal patients. Muscle fat associated with higher mortality only in male colon patients. The only effect of visceral fat was seen in male rectal cancer patients associating with lower mortality. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study Conclusion: The male predominance and differences between colon and rectal cancer patients for associations of muscle and fat parameters with colorectal cancer mortality stress the importance of separating males from females and colon from rectal cancer patients in the analysis of body composition effects on mortality.
Presenting a New Version of the RObotic System for Angioplasty
Authors: Danieli Guido , Tinelli Giovanni , Rosa Salvatore , Greco Pasquale , Indolfi Ciro , Larocca Gabriele , Massetti Massimo , Tshomba Yamume
Published: July 2023

This paper describes the new version of RObotic System for Angioplasty (ROSA), which was developed from a simplified version of the RObotic System for Endovascular Surgery (ROSES). ROSES itself arose from the original ROSA device and has been tested for clinical use on patients. The new version of ROSA offers several advantages over the previous versions. First, it allows the measurement of forces used to track catheters during the endovascular procedure. This process only requires standard mechanical disposables, since the measuring system is embedded in a special cart that controls the movement of various robotic actuators. Second, it uses a new hemostasis valve that rotates with the angioplasty disposable, making it easier to guide rotations. Finally, it offers the possibility of positioning the initial catheter using a system that includes two robotic actuators found on the cart. The first of these is simpler and has an internal disposable, whereas the second is new and contains two gear trains, which control five independent parameters (two rotations and three advancements). This makes it possible to control advancement and rotation of the initial catheter, while straightening its curvature using a movable core guidewire. Once the first catheter is correctly positioned, it is possible to perform all procedures without changing the position of the guiding catheter by replacing the disposable for the 0.035" guidewire with movable core with the disposable for angioplasty, which drives both the angioplasty balloons or stents and the 0.016” wire, which instead needs to turn on its axis in order to ease penetration of the small guide wire which has to penetrate the winding path of the coronaries. And this is allowed by the presence of the two independent gear trains of the recent robotic actuator, which can block rotations of the gear train on which the initial catheter is positioned, while allowing all rotations needed for the angioplasty disposable. However, in the near future it will also be possible to change the position of the guiding catheter using a special 6 French catheter with controlled tip curvature, for example, to perform an additional angioplasty on a different coronary artery, should this be required.
Real Time In Vivo Evaluation of Mitochondrial Activity and Brain Functions during Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mayevsky Avraham
Published: July 2023

More than 50% of total energy consumed by the brain is utilized by active transport processes which are responsible for keeping the ionic homeostasis in the brain. Under an ischemic condition, energy availability is limited, and, as a result, inhibition of the ion pumps is unavoidable. The initial consequence of such inhibition is a gradual accumulation of K+ in the extracellular space leading to a second phase of the ischemic depolarization phenomenon. During ischemic depolarization, extracellular K+ will increase 15-20-fold, while extracellular Ca2+ is decreasing 10 fold. Another optional effect of mild ischemia is the development of Cortical Spreading Depression due to the leakage of K+ into the extracellular space. The Mongolian gerbil provides a very useful animal model to study the effects of ischemia on brain functions. The aims of the study were as follows: (1) To elucidate the mechanism behind the development of ischemic depolarization or cortical spreading depression under unilateral and bilateral carotid artery occlusion. (2) To correlate the kinetics of the recovery processes to the level of ischemia. We tested the correlation between energy depletion level (evaluated by intramitochondrial NADH redox state and Cerebral Blood Flow) and the development of ischemic depolarization or cortical spreading depression (evaluated by extracellular K+, H+, Ca2+, DC potential and 366 nm reflectance changes) under partial and complete ischemia using the multiparametric monitoring system. The results could be summarized as follows: (1) Under bilateral occlusion, in all gerbils the ischemic depolarization was recorded within 1-2 min. (2) Under unilateral occlusion, the level of ischemia obtained was significantly smaller and led to the ischemic depolarization in about 60% of the gerbils. (3) The K+ leakage during the ischemic depolarization had an 'all or none' nature in terms of maximal K÷ levels and time to reach it. (4) The main effect of various lengths of bilateral occlusion was on the recovery time of extracellular K+ level. (5) Cortical spreading depression develop in most cases during the recovery from the ischemic event when ischemic depolarization was not recorded under the ischemic episode.
U.S. COVID-19 Policy in 2023 and its Consequences
Authors: Lepkowsky Charles
Published: July 2023

Economic pressures combined with anti-science politics have led to the termination of COVID-19 safety protocols in the United States (US). Although the epidemiology and virology of COVD-19 have not changed since its emergence in late 2019, intentional, consistent strategies with demonstrated efficacy for containment of the pandemic have been abandoned. Diminished media coverage of COVID-19 contributes to the popular notion that the pandemic is “over.” COVID-19 thus remains uncontained in the US. The number of US COVID-19 fatalities remains the highest in the world, and continues to grow. Beyond the negative consequences for public health and pandemic management, the confabulation of politics and science has also produced growing political tensions, with the emergence of socially regressive legislation in states historically invested in the anti-science agenda as applied to COVID-19. Recommendations are made for consistent messaging and policy from government agencies to improve management of the COVID-19 pandemic, and unify the public in acceptance of science-based interventions and attitudes.
Front Matter
Authors: Widodo
Published: July 2023

AGRARIS is a periodical scientific journal on Agribusiness and Rural Development. AGRARIS is published biannually (January – June and July – December) by Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) and managed by the Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture UMY in collaboration with the Agribusiness Association of Indonesia (AAI) and Indonesian Society of Agricultural Economics (ISAE). AGRARIS was indexed in Scopus (Q2) and got Science and Technology Index (SINTA) 1.
The future of preventive dentistry: Caries vaccine on the horizon
Authors: Srivastava Rangoli , Tangade Pradeep , Priyadarshi Surbhi
Published: July 2023

A common dental condition known as tooth decay is brought on by a combination between microbes and fermented sugars. Traditional preventive measures, such as oral hygiene practices and fluoride treatments, have proven effective in lowering the prevalence of cavities in the mouth. However, these approaches have limitations in terms of their effectiveness and accessibility. Caries vaccination has emerged as a promising approach to preventing dental caries, offering long-lasting protection against this disease. This abstract provides an overview of the prospects of caries vaccines, including their potential benefits, challenges, and limitations. While caries vaccines remain an area of active research and development, there are several promising prospects that suggest that by this approach potential cavity formation may be effectively avoided particularly. Ongoing research and evaluation of caries vaccines will be necessary to fully understand their potential benefits and risks and to develop safe and effective vaccines that can be widely used to prevent dental caries.
Perspective of pediatricians about early childhood caries (ECC) in lumbini province Nepal: A major virulent dental problem
Authors: Sharma Bhagwat Swaroop , Sharma Jyoti , Upadhyay Manisha , Agrawal Ankita , Deshbhakt Indu Bhushan
Published: July 2023

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant worldwide oral health problem that needs to be looked after by parents. Some parents do not care about the oral health of their children, and they more frequently visit pediatricians. So, pediatricians are one of the most reliable profession for preventing children’s oral diseases, and promoting awareness.

The aim of the study was to know the knowledge and awareness of pediatricians’ about early childhood caries (ECC) in lumbini province, Nepal.

A total of 40 pediatricians were selected by using census sampling method and were requested to fill out an objective questionnaire pertaining to individual’s knowledge about ECC, without providing any oral health information taking duration of the study from March 2021 to September 2021.

About 23(56.5%) of pediatricians understood the importance of pediatric dentistry. About 34(86.2%) of pediatricians performed oral examination regularly. Around 17% of pediatricians had knowledge of the ECC. Only 14(33.3%) of pediatricians acknowledged the cariogenicity of sugar containing medical syrups.

The study shows poor knowledge regarding ECC, oral health, and dental treatment need in children among the surveyed pediatricians although having good knowledge about pediatric speciality and importance of primary dentition. Thus, there is a need to update the Pediatricians on recent recommendations about ECC and its early screening.
Correction of anterior and lingual single tooth cross bite in an adult patient - A case report
Authors: Rao Sushmita Batni , Shetty Vikram , Manasawala Taher , Mujumdar Devashree
Published: July 2023

Malocclusion is known to be multifactorial affecting a wide range of populations in many ways. It can have pernicious effects on the quality of life of an individual since it is associated with both aesthetic and functional matters. Crossbites, having been considered one of the most common malocclusions, also serves as a route for future problems. The objective was to treat a 22-year-old male patient who presented with a single tooth anterior and lingual crossbite. A non-extraction treatment followed by settling of occlusion which met the treatment plan was performed, delivering a corrected smile both functionally and aesthetically.
An extensive review on tier 2 safety pharmacology
Authors: Raval Keval Y. , Tirgar Pravin
Published: July 2023

This study provides a comprehensive overview of safety pharmacology practises, technologies, and emerging concepts in drug discovery and development. The field of safety pharmacology serves a crucial role in anticipating and minimising the hazards and adverse effects of new medications. Evaluation of important organ systems, such as the cardiovascular, central nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and renal systems, is involved. While the main battery of safety pharmacology research focuses on major organ systems, additional studies may be done depending on the unique properties of prospective medications. The research emphasises the significance of evaluating the gastrointestinal and renal systems and addresses the many approaches, biomarkers, and technologies used to enhance safety evaluations. In addition, new ideas like as frontloading, alternative models, and the incorporation of safety pharmacology endpoints into regulatory toxicology studies are investigated. These developments help to better informed decision-making and lead candidate selection, eventually improving the safety and effectiveness of novel treatments.
Emerging paradigms in pre-clinical screening models for drugs acting against diabetes: Delving into complex approaches and advancements
Authors: Raval Keval , Dhamsaniya Yash
Published: July 2023

Animal models play a critical role in diabetes research, aiding in the comprehension of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and the assessment of potential therapeutic interventions. These models offer numerous advantages, including the ability to induce stable hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, minimal variability, and the opportunity to study genetic mutations and single gene effects. However, they also present limitations such as lengthy induction periods, fluctuating glucose parameters, potential toxicity to other organs, and high costs. Various screening models, encompassing in vitro assays and models like Alloxan-induced and Streptozotocin-induced diabetes, serve as valuable tools for investigating diabetes and testing drug efficacy. The selection of an appropriate model requires careful consideration of specific research objectives. Despite their limitations, animal models continue to be indispensable for advancing our understanding of diabetes and developing effective treatments.
An overview: Herbal cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
Authors: Piyal Phatangre , Phalke Pallavi L. , Phatangare T. , Mani Sharmale
Published: July 2023

The Greek term “kosm tikos,” which meaning having the capacity to arrange and adorn in a dazzling style, is where the word “cosmetic” originates. Here, a number of legal cosmetic chemicals are used to create the products as a base, and one or more herbal substances are then added to provide certain cosmetic benefits. “Herbal cosmetics” is the term used to describe these goods. Everyday items including herbal face wash, herbal conditioner, herbal soap, herbal shampoo, herbal face mask, and others are produced. Numerous herbal plants can be found in nature, and they include a wide range of chemical ingredients that are employed in the creation of cosmetics. Demand has increased as a direct result of the contemporary desire to look younger than one’s true age and to be attractive, youthful, lovable, and fair.
Biophenols for cancer treatment: Current perspective and future potential
Authors: Prajapati Bhupendra G , Kapoor Devesh U , Yele Santosh
Published: July 2023

Vegetable and natural product utilization are conversely connected with diminished malignant growth rate and mortality. Fruit antioxidants have been extensively studied for their ability to scavenge free radicals, preventing to develop the chronic degenerative diseases. As antiproliferative agents, mixtures of biophenols were more effective than individual biophenols. The tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol are major biophenol exist in olive samples. The other biophenol present in olive samples include lignans, verbascoside and flavonoids possessing anticancer properties. The Hydroxychavicol extracted from leaf of also have chemotherapeutic and chemo preventive properties. Additionally, Curcumin also exhibited strong antit-tumor characteristics against a different type of cancers, including blood, breast, skin, colon, blood and prostrate.
Strategi Pengembangan dalam Pemenuhan Konsumsi Pangan Sivitas Yayasan Permaculture
Authors: Nurjati Eka
Published: July 2023

Efforts to fulfill food consumption tend to pay little attention to ecosystem sustainability. Permaculture is an agricultural system that designs landscapes resembling natural ecosystems so that they can produce food and prioritize the principle of sustainability. However, as the population increases, permaculture must be reviewed to meet food consumption. This research is a case study in YS Permaculture that implements a permaculture farming system to meet the food consumption needs of the foundation's community. The purpose of the study is to identify the principles of permaculture in the empirical conditions of the foundation and formulate a development strategy to meet the food consumption of the foundation community. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method using an in-depth interview method with foundation management. Based on the identification of 12 permaculture principles, one principle still needs to be implemented optimally, namely, using and respecting renewable resources and their functions. Strategic steps that can be taken to increase the productivity of food commodities and fulfill food consumption are the extensification of permaculture gardens and the implementation of regenerative agriculture that integrates artificial intelligence, machine learning, and precision agriculture. The strategy of fulfilling food consumption for the foundation community through permaculture requires cooperation with various parties, including the government and academics, related to strengthening food security while still paying attention to environmental and social aspects.

 

Keywords: environmental impact, food productivity, development strategy, permaculture, social impact
Ciri Agronomi dan Serat Delapan Varian Sorgum sebagai Pakan
Authors: Murti Indriatama Wijaya , Puspitasari Winda , Teguh Sasongko Wahidin , Nur Anggraeny Yenny , Human Soeranto , Sihono Sihono , Kurniawan Widhi , Sutiyoso Sutiyoso , Ayu Wulandari Yukarie , Wahyono Teguh
Published: July 2023

Sorghum is a multifunctional crop as a source of food, feed, and alternative energy. Plant breeding using the radiation mutation technique was applied to improve the characteristics of sorghum according to its purpose. This study evaluated the agronomic and fiber characteristics of selected sorghum mutant lines. Eight sorghum mutant lines were observed in this study (GHP-2, GHP-3, GHP-4, GHP-5, GHP-7, G-5, P-341, and P36.M10). Pahat and Bioguma sorghum varieties were used as control. Compared to eight selected mutant lines, Bioguma variety was the tallest plant. Except for P-341, all selected mutant sorghum lines produced lower plant biomass than Bioguma. The highest sugar content was produced by G-5 and P-36.M10. There are no significant differences in seed production per panicle. The lowest fiber fractions in the leaf and stem were produced by GHP-3 and G-5 mutant lines, respectively. Based on our findings, the P-341 sorghum mutant line can be used as forage sorghum because it produces high biomass and relatively low fiber content. The G-5 mutant line can be projected as an alternative energy source due to its high stem sugar content.

 

Keywords: agronomy, fiber, mutant, sorghum
Bioprospeksi Bakteri Asal Akar Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr) Lahan Gambut Kayu Agung, Sumatra Selatan, sebagai Agen Biostimulan dan Bioprotektan
Authors: Suryanti Erma , Dewi Chusniasih  , Muhammad Asril  , Agus Rini Ika , Antika Wulandari Putri , Rahmah Nadia
Published: July 2023

Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) is a plant that can live well on nutrient-poor lands such as peatlands. However, plant resistance to nutrient-poor conditions is caused by symbiosis with endophytic bacteria capable of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) through biostimulant and bioprotective mechanisms. This study aims to characterize the potential of endophytic bacteria from pineapple roots from peatlands as biostimulants and bioprotective agents. Thirteen endophytic bacteria from pineapple root were characterized by their ability as biostimulants through phosphate dissolution tests using Pikovskaya media qualitatively and quantitatively, and the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) upon additional 0.1% tryptophan. Furthermore, bacteria as bioprotectors were characterized by qualitative production of chitinase enzyme and antifungal tests against Fusarium proliferatum using dual culture techniques. The results showed the presence of 2 positive bacteria in all tests, namely the ANAP3 and ANAP5 isolates. ANPA3 bacteria show the highest activity in IAA production (26.3 ppm), and the highest antifungal activity in inhibiting F. proliferatum, with an inhibitory index reaching 52.6%. Meanwhile, ANAP5 is an endophytic bacterium with the highest phosphate dissolving activity, with a dissolved phosphate value of 253.5 ppm. This finding shows that some endophytic bacteria from pineapple roots on peatlands can be biostimulants and bioprotectors that can be developed as PGPB.

 

Keywords: Ananas comosus L. Merr, endophytic bacteria, bioprotectant, biostimulant, Fusarium proliferatum
Kualitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) yang Diproduksi dengan Teknik Fortifikasi dan Fertigasi Berbeda pada Pertumbuhan Indigofera zollingeriana
Authors: Prihantoro Iwan , Karti Panca Dewi , Aditia Edit Lesa , Nisabillah Shandathyana
Published: July 2023

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a fungus that has a symbiotic impact on the plant at the root system level. The research objective was to evaluate the growth of Indigofera zollingeriana produced from inoculation of AMF under different fortification and fertigation techniques at the field scale. A completely randomized design with six treatments and five replication were applied for the study. The treatments were: FD1000, FD2000, FD3000 (AMF fortified with 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm of AB mix at flat fertigation), FB1000, FB2000, and FB3000 (AMF fortified with 1000, 2000, 3000 ppm of AB mix at graded fertigation). The result shows that the AMF colonization level at the root of was similar (P>0.05) to the upper value of colonization (80.00‒99.00%). The entire products of AMF have similar favorable symbiotic effects on the plant with major growth traits (plant high, stem diameter, number of branches and twigs). A fortification of 2000 ppm of AB mix under graded fertigation technique has produced AMF that significantly (P<0.05) increased the number of leaves with higher green color level (7.5GY 4/6) compared with other treatments. In conclusion, the AMF produced by different fortification and fertigation techniques at the field scale has a similar result on root colonization effectivity and growth performance of I. zollingeriana. In addition, the AMF produced by 2000 ppm of AB mix with graded fertigation technique effectively increased the number of leaves with higher green color intensity.    Keywords: AMF, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi quality, fertigation, fortification, Indigofera zollingeriana
Produktivitas dan Pola Musim Tangkap Ikan Peperek (Leiognathus spp.) di Teluk Banten
Authors: Yusfiandayani Roza , Purbayanto Ari , Nuraini Ba’diah
Published: July 2023

Ponyfish (Leiognathus spp.) is one of the dominant types of fish landed at the Nusantara Fishing Port (PPN) Karangantu. Its high-intensity fishing activities are feared to cause future problems with the sustainability of ponyfish resources. This study aims to calculate fishing productivity, sustainable optimal fishing effort, maximum sustainable catch, and determine the pattern of fishing season in Banten Bay. The research was conducted from April to June 2021 at PPN Karangantu. The fishing gear analyzed were fixed lift nets, floating lift nets, and seine nets. Fishing productivity was calculated from catch per unit effort; the maximum sustainable catch was analyzed using the Schaefer, Fox, and Walter-Hilborn regression models. The seasonal pattern of the ponies was determined from the Fishing Season Index. The results showed that pony fishing productivity in PPN Karangantu decreased from 2016 to 2020. The optimum fishing effort value and the optimum catch through the Schaefer model were 2088 trips/year and 276.12 tons/year, respectively; the highest fishing season occurred in November (145.5%) and the lowest in May (70.2%). Based on the analysis of the Schaefer, Fox and Walter-Hilborn models, the exploitation of Ponyfish (Leiognathus spp.) in Banten Bay can be said to be over-exploited.

 

Keywords: catching season, Banten bay, Leiognathus spp., productivity
Development of a mathematical model of a chiral metamaterial based on a cylindrical helical elements accounting for the dispersion and concentration of elements
Authors: Buchnev Ivan Yu. , Klyuev Dmitriy S. , Mamoshina Yuliya S. , Osipov Oleg V. , Panin Dmitry N.
Published: July 2023

Background. Interest in the study of microwave metamaterials is associated with the possibility of using them to achieve the required frequency and polarization selective properties of interaction with electromagnetic radiation, which can’t be obtained for structures based on homogeneous media. Aim. The mathematical model of a chiral metamaterial based on a periodic matrix of arbitrarily oriented conducting thin-wire cylindrical helices located in a homogeneous isotropic container creation is considered. Unlike known models, it takes into account the explicit form of the dependence of the effective permittivity and the relative chirality parameter on the helices concentration. Methods. The heterogeneity of a chiral metamaterial based on the Maxwell Garnett formula, which makes it possible to determine the effective dielectric permittivity from the permeabilities of the container and the region occupied by conducting mirror asymmetric inclusions is taken into account when creating a mathematical model. The dispersion of permittivity using the quadratic Lorentz formula and the dispersion of the chirality parameter based on the Condon model are taken into account. Results. Analytical frequency-dependent expressions for the effective permittivity and the chirality parameter taking into account the concentration of helices and their geometric parameters, were obtained in the work. The expression for the relationship between the dimensionless volume concentration of inclusions and the distance between adjacent elements is obtained. The quasi-static approach is used to calculate the resonant frequency of conducting thin-wire cylindrical helices. Conclusion. The proposed method for constructing a mathematical model can be applied to chiral metamaterials based on periodic matrices of conductive elements of an arbitrary mirror asymmetric spatial configuration.
Practical realization of space-time filtering of satellite navigation signals in real time
Authors: Glushankov Yevgeniy I. , Tsarik Vladimir I.
Published: July 2023

Background. The problem of satellite navigation signals’ jamming-protected receivers design is quite relevant due to the high vulnerability of such signals to the influence of interferences whose sources number is constantly increasing. Aim. To design a space-time adaptive filter and to implement its work in real-time as a part of jamming-protected satellite navigation system. Methods. The space-time filtering method fitted for the real-time realization is obtained based on the satellite signal space processing algorithm. The apparatus chosen for the satellite navigation signals reception, the filtering algorithm practical realization and the processed signal demodulation is described. The computer modeling of the signals records filtering and demodulation using the obtained algorithm as well as the real-time experiments in satellite signals processing with different numbers of outer jammers using the constructed jamming-protected receiver are carried out. Results. As a result of modeling and experiments with the designed set the values of performance characteristics of the jamming-protected navigation system are yielded which correspond to a good quality solution of the interference mitigation problem in a satellite navigation signal. Conclusion. The digital processing model based on the obtained space-time filter adequately describes the interference mitigation process in a real satellite signal. The obtained jamming-protected satellite navigation signal receiver is functional and can be used in practice.
Análisis estadístico multidimensional relacionado con la evolución educativa en Sudamérica en los últimos cincuenta años
Authors: Restrepo Betancur Luis Fernando
Published: July 2023

La educación es un factor fundamental para cualquier ciudadano sin distingo de edad, raza, creencia y sexo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue, evaluar diferentes variables estadísticas asociadas con la educación en los diferentes países de Sudamérica, en las últimas cinco décadas. Para el análisis de la información se emplearon las técnicas multivariadas denominadas MANOVA, análisis de clúster y canónico. Se encontró un alto porcentaje de personas analfabetas pertenecientes a la tercera edad, principalmente en el sector rural. Bolivia es la nación que mayor porcentaje del PIB invierte en educación. Se detectó diferencias significativas entre naciones en las variables: producto interno bruto, promedio de estudiantes por docente, porcentaje de alfabetismo, porcentaje de estudiantes que terminan un ciclo y esperanza de vida educativa. Se concluye que el nivel de analfabetismo se está reduciendo de manera notable en las últimas décadas, lo que permite construir una sociedad más equitativa e incluyente.
Formula Optimization From Halal Lip Cream Variety With Tomato Extract (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)
Authors: Nastiti Ginanjar Putri , Qosim Abdul , Puspitaningrum Nabilla , Fuadi M. Nauval Nadhirul
Published: July 2023

The majority of the population of Indonesia embraces Islam, which is obliged to consume halal products. One of the most popular products is the lip cream variant. One of the forms and physical stability of halal lip cream variants is influenced by the selection and content of the base Wax. The halal aspect of the lip cream variant is viewed from the components and processing process. Tomatoes are used as natural dyes with a concentration of 5% to support the halal element. This research aims to get the optimal Wax base in the halal lip cream formula so that the variant can meet the necessities. This research was conducted experimentally by using a base comparison. The base Wax used in this research were Carnauba Wax (15%), Microcrystalline Wax (15%), and a combination of the two (6%:9%). The results showed an orange color variant, semi-solid form, rose smell, homogeneous composition, pH, spreadability, good smearing power, and not irritating. The adhesion test showed that F1 adhered well while F2 and F3 did not. In the stability test, F1 and F3 were stable, while F2 was unstable with the formation of 2 phases. Based on the evaluation of the halal lip cream variant showed the most optimal result, namely the F1 combination of Carnauba Wax and Microcrystalline Wax