bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current and possible future role of 3D modelling within oesophagogastric surgery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Robb Henry Douglas , Scrimgeour Gemma , Boshier Piers R , Balyasnikova Svetlana , Brown Gina , Bello Fernando , Kontovounisios Christos
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction describes the generation of either virtual or physically printed anatomically accurate 3D models from two-dimensional medical images. Their implementation has revolutionised medical practice. Within surgery, key applications include growing roles in operative planning and procedures, surgical education and training, as well as patient engagement and education. In comparison to other surgical specialties, oesophagogastric surgery has been slow in their adoption of this technology. Herein the authors outline a scoping review protocol that aims to analyse the current role of 3D modelling in oesophagogastric surgery and highlight any unexplored avenues for future research.

Methods and analysis

The protocol was generated using internationally accepted methodological frameworks. A succinct primary question was devised, and a comprehensive search strategy was developed for key databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Elsevier Scopus and ISI Web of Science). These were searched from their inception to 1 June 2020. Reference lists will be reviewed by hand and grey literature identified using OpenGrey and Grey Literature Report. The protocol was registered to the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ta789).

Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and perform full-text reviews for study selection. There will be no methodological quality assessment to ensure a full thematic analysis is possible. A data charting tool will be created by the investigatory team. Results will be analysed to generate descriptive numerical tabular results and a thematic analysis will be performed.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was not required for the collection and analysis of the published data. The scoping review report will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and international conferences.

Registration details

The scoping review protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ta789).
Quality of life and associated factors among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Leong Bin Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman , Mansor Nor Shuhada , Mohamad Mohd Afifuddin , Teoh Soo Huat
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) and determine its association with various factors and social support among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic after the end of movement lockdown.

Design, setting and participants

This online cross-sectional study recruited 316 participants. The inclusion criteria were students 18 years and above who were registered with the faculties of medicine at Malaysian public universities located in Klang Valley and in the states of Penang and Kelantan in Peninsular Malaysia. The exclusion criteria were those who presented with psychotic disorders, bipolar mood disorder or a history of illicit drugs.

Outcome measures

Participants were administered a self-reported questionnaire to gather data on demographic, personal, clinical and psychological characteristics. The questionnaire comprised of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the WHO Quality of Life- Brief Version (WHOQoL-BREF).

Results

The psychological and social QoL scores were lower than the non-pandemic norms of the general population, while the physical health and environmental QoL scores were comparable. After adjusting for relevant demographic, personal and clinical variables, religious coping, greater number of hours of online classes attended, and greater social support from family, friends and significant others were significantly associated with higher QoL among the participants. Frustration due to study disruption, living in areas with a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases, and a higher severity of depressive and stress symptoms were significantly associated with lower QoL.

Conclusion

COVID-19 impaired the QoL of university students even after the movement lockdown was lifted.
Primordial black holes formation in the inflationary model with field-dependent kinetic term for quartic and natural potentials
Authors: Solbi Milad , Karami Kayoomars
Published: October 2021

Within the framework of inflationary model with field-dependent kinetic term for quartic and natural potentials, we investigate generation of the primordial black holes (PBHs) and induced gravitational waves (GWs). In this setup, we consider a kinetic function as $$G(\phi )=g_I(\phi )\big (1+g_{II}(\phi )\big )$$

G

(
ϕ
)

=

g
I

(
ϕ
)

(

1
+

g

II

(
ϕ
)

)

and show that in the presence of first term $$g_I(\phi )$$

g
I

(
ϕ
)

both quartic and natural potentials, in contrast to the standard model of inflation, can be consistent, with the 68% CL of Planck observations. Besides, the second term $$g_{II}(\phi )$$

g

II

(
ϕ
)

can cause a significant enhancement in the primordial curvature perturbations at the small scales which results the PBHs formation. For the both potentials, we obtain an enhancement in the scalar power spectrum at the scales $$k\sim 10^{12}~{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$$

k
∼

10
12

Mpc

-
1

, $$10^{8}~{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$$

10
8

Mpc

-
1

, and $$10^{5}~{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$$

10
5

Mpc

-
1

, which causes PBHs production in mass scales around $$10^{-13}M_{\odot }$$

10

-
13

M
⊙

, $$10^{-5}M_{\odot }$$

10

-
5

M
⊙

, and $$10 M_{\odot }$$

10

M
⊙

, respectively. Observational constraints confirm that PBHs with a mass scale of $$10^{-13}M_{\odot }$$

10

-
13

M
⊙

can constitute the total of dark matter in the universe. Furthermore, we estimate the energy density parameter of induced GWs which can be examined by the observation. Also we conclude that it can be parametrized as a power-law function $$\Omega _{\mathrm{GW}}\sim (f/f_c)^n$$

Ω
GW

∼

(
f
/

f
c

)

n

, where the power index equals $$n=3-2/\ln (f_c/f)$$

n
=
3
-
2
/
ln
(

f
c

/
f
)

in the infrared limit $$f\ll f_{c}$$

f
≪

f
c

.
New modeling and analytical solution of fourth grade (non-Newtonian) fluid by a stretchable magnetized Riga device
Authors: Xu Yun-Jie , Shah Faisal , Khan M. Ijaz , Naveen Kumar R. , Punith Gowda R. J. , Prasannakumara B. C. , Malik M. Y. , Khan Sami Ullah
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of heat source/sink on boundary layer flow of a fourth-grade liquid over a stretchable Riga plate on taking account of induced magnetic field and mixed convection. Analysis of mass and heat transport is studied through modified Fourier heat flux model. The governing flow issue is demonstrated with the help of momentum, energy, temperature and concentration equation. The modeled equations are reduced into nondimensional ODEs by opting suitable similarity transformations. The analytic solutions are discussed by means of the optimal technique of homotopy analysis. The influence of several nondimensional parameters on velocity, thermal and concentration gradients are deliberated by using suitable graphs. Also, the skin friction is discussed with the help of graphs. The result outcomes reveal that, velocity of fluid diminishes for advanced values of viscoelastic parameter and fourth-grade liquid parameter but contrary movement is seen for third grade fluid parameters. Fluid temperature boosts up for thermal relaxation parameter and concentration is abridged for rising values of solutal concentration parameter and Schmidt number.
Transfer matrix in counting problems
Authors: da Silva Roberto , Dahmen Silvio R. , Drugowich de Felício J. R.
Published: October 2021

The transfer matrix is a powerful technique that can be applied to statistical mechanics systems as, for example, in the calculus of the entropy of the ice model. One interesting way to study such systems is to map it onto a three-color problem. In this paper, we explicitly build the transfer matrix for the three-color problem in order to calculate the number of possible configurations for finite systems with free, periodic in one direction and toroidal boundary conditions (periodic in both directions)
Copula Approach to Multivariate Energy Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Sözen Mervenur , Cengiz Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2021

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method that finds the effectiveness of an existing system using a number of input and output variables. In this study, we obtained energy efficiencies of construction, industrial, power, and transportation sectors in OECD countries for 2011 using DEA. It is possible to achieve the efficiencies in different sectors. However, we aim to find joint energy efficiency scores for all sectors. One of the methods proposed in the literature to obtain joint efficiency is network data envelopment analysis (network DEA). Network DEA treats sectors as sub-processes and obtains system and process efficiencies through optimal weights. Alternatively, we used a novel copula-based approach to achieve common efficiency scores. In this approach, it is possible to demonstrate the dependency structure between the efficiency scores of similar qualities obtained with DEA by copula families. New efficiency scores are obtained with the help of joint probability distribution. Then, we obtained joint efficiency scores through the copula approach using these efficiency scores. Finally, we obtained the joint efficiency scores of the same sectors through network DEA. As a result, we compared network DEA with the copula approach and interpreted the efficiencies of each energy sector and joint efficiencies.
Effective theories with dark matter applications
Authors: Bhattacharya Subhaditya , Wudka José
Published: October 2021

Standard Model (SM) of particle physics has achieved enormous success in describing the interactions among the known fundamental constituents of nature, yet it fails to describe phenomena for which there is very strong experimental evidence, such as the existence of dark matter, and which point to the existence of new physics not included in that model; beyond its existence, experimental data, however, have not provided clear indications as to the nature of that new physics. The effective field theory (EFT) approach, the subject of this review, is designed for this type of situations; it provides a consistent and unbiased framework within which to study new physics effects whose existence is expected but whose detailed nature is known very imperfectly. We will provide a description of this approach together with a discussion of some of its basic theoretical aspects. We then consider applications to high-energy phenomenology and conclude with a discussion of the application of EFT techniques to the study of dark matter physics and its possible interactions with the SM. In several of the applications we also briefly discuss specific models that are ultraviolet complete and may realize the effects described by the EFT.
Second harmonic generation, optical, thermal, piezoelectric and mechanical properties of adipic acid-doped ADP crystals
Authors: Praveen B. , Saravanan M.
Published: October 2021

Single crystals of pure and 2[Formula: see text]mol.% adipic acid (hexanedioic acid) -doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) were grown by conventional slow evaporation of aqueous solution technique. The powder X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analyses indicate that the crystals undergo considerable stress as a result of doping. UV–Vis studies show that the absorption of the adipic acid-doped crystals is less than that of pure ADP. Thermal studies (TG/DTG) disclose that the decomposition temperature of doped ADP is more than that of pure ADP. Vicker’s microhardness study reveals that the addition of adipic acid increases the hardness of the ADP. SHG efficiency and piezoelectric charge coefficient of adipic acid-doped ADP are higher than that of pure ADP.
Human Action Recognition Using Spatio-Temporal Multiplier Network and Attentive Correlated Temporal Feature
Authors: Indhumathi C. , Murugan V. , Muthulakshmii G.
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, action recognition has gained more attention from the computer vision community. Normally for recognizing human actions, spatial and temporal features are extracted. Two-stream convolutional neural network is used commonly for human action recognition in videos. In this paper, Adaptive motion Attentive Correlated Temporal Feature (ACTF) is used for temporal feature extractor. The temporal average pooling in inter-frame is used for extracting the inter-frame regional correlation feature and mean feature. This proposed method has better accuracy of 96.9% for UCF101 and 74.6% for HMDB51 datasets, respectively, which are higher than the other state-of-the-art methods.
Symmetric polynomials in the variety generated by Grassmann algebras
Authors: Akdoğan Nazan , Fındık Şehmus
Published: October 2021

Let [Formula: see text] denote the variety generated by infinite-dimensional Grassmann algebras, i.e. the collection of all unitary associative algebras satisfying the identity [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. Consider the free algebra [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] generated by [Formula: see text]. We call a polynomial [Formula: see text] symmetric if it is preserved under the action of the symmetric group [Formula: see text] on generators, i.e. [Formula: see text] for each permutation [Formula: see text]. The set of symmetric polynomials forms the subalgebra [Formula: see text] of invariants of the group [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. The commutator ideal [Formula: see text] of the algebra [Formula: see text] has a natural left [Formula: see text]-module structure, and [Formula: see text] is a left [Formula: see text]-module. We give a finite free generating set for the [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text].
On the construction of the orthonormal wavelet in the Hardy space H2(ℝ)
Authors: Hashimoto Hirofumi , Kinoshita Tamotu
Published: October 2021

We are concerned with the orthonormal wavelet [Formula: see text] in the Hardy space [Formula: see text] which is a closed subspace of [Formula: see text] without negative frequency components. It is well known that there does not exist an [Formula: see text]-wavelet such that [Formula: see text] is continuous on [Formula: see text] and satisfies [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text]. The aim of this paper is to find a critical decay rate in the existing [Formula: see text]-wavelet under the condition that [Formula: see text] is continuous on [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we also construct a concrete [Formula: see text]-wavelet having infinite vanishing moments.
Co-evolution-based parameter learning for remote sensing scene classification
Authors: Zhang Di , Zhou Yichen , Zhao Jiaqi , Zhou Yong
Published: October 2021

The appropriate setting of hyperparameter is a key factor to determine the performance of the deep learning model. Efficient hyperparametric optimization algorithm can not only improve the efficiency and speed of model hyperparametric optimization, but also reduce the application threshold of deep learning model. Therefore, we propose a parameter learning algorithm-based co-evolutionary for remote sensing scene classification. First, a co-evolution framework is proposed to optimize the optimizer’s hyperparameters and weight parameters of the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) simultaneously. Second, with the strategy of co-evolution with two populations, the hyperparameters can learn within the population and the weights of CNN can be updated by utilizing information between the populations. Finally, the parallel computing mechanism is adapted to speed up the learning process, as the two populations can evolve simultaneously. Extensive experiments on three public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Derivation-based noncommutative field theories on AF algebras
Authors: Masson T. , Nieuviarts G.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we start the investigation of a new natural approach to “unifying” noncommutative gauge field theories (NCGFT) based on approximately finite-dimensional ([Formula: see text]) [Formula: see text]-algebras. The defining inductive sequence of an [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-algebra is lifted to enable the construction of a sequence of NCGFT of Yang–Mills–Higgs types. This paper focuses on derivation-based noncommutative field theories. A mathematical study of the ingredients involved in the construction of a NCGFT is given in the framework of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-algebras: derivation-based differential calculus, modules, connections, metrics and Hodge *-operators, and Lagrangians. Some physical applications concerning mass spectra generated by Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Mechanisms (SSBM) are proposed using numerical computations for specific situations.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Homogeneous Nucleation and Growth of Supercooled Al Liquid
Authors: Zhou Tao , Bao Zhengping
Published: October 2021

Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the spontaneous nucleation and solidification of Al liquid. According to the mean first-passage time (MFPT), the critical crystal nucleus size at 31.6% undercooling is 152 atoms, the nucleation rate is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]. The nucleation rate obtained by the survival probability (SP) is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text], which is very consistent with the result obtained by MFPT. Using Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) law to analyze the growth of the two extreme conditions in the experiment, the system with the smallest average atomic volume (Run38) grows faster than the system with the largest volume (Run73). In terms of microstructure, Run38 is a lamellar (LAM) structure, and Run73 is a complex polycrystalline structure accompanied by five-fold twinning (FFT). The shapes of clusters in a given range (5–10,000 atoms) during solidification in 100 experiments were counted. The results show that no clusters are perfectly spherical, but ellipsoids are of different shapes, and the larger the ellipsoid size, the closer to a spherical shape.
Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision under Suga: Transition and Future Challenges in Southeast Asia
Authors: KOGA Kei
Published: October 2021

While the Suga administration has managed Japan’s foreign policy towards ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) relatively well on the basis of the “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” that former Prime Minister Abe had envisioned, the administration left a task for the next prime minister to creatively devise a foreign policy strategy to manage the three main challenges in the Indo-Pacific region concerning ASEAN Centrality, Indo-Pacific institutional arrangement and value-based diplomacy.
Analyzing Neck Circumference as a Tool for Evaluating Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Wang Hui
Published: October 2021

Overweight and obesity at an early age are important criteria for predicting chronic diseases. Each anthropometric method available to assess obesity has its limitations. Recently, neck circumference (NC) has received greater attention as a new evaluation index. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NC and overweight in Chinese Yi adolescents. A total of 647 Chinese Yi male and female students, aged 13–18 years, were randomly selected from a junior high school and a senior middle school in Leshan, Sichuan Province of China. The measurement indexes included height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and NC, and clinical information was collected by trained physicians. The neck cutoff values were determined through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). The correlation among NC, body mass index (BMI), and WC was determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The ROC analysis revealed that the AUC values were 0.79–0.95 for boys and 0.83–0.91 for girls. The correlation among NC, BMI, and WC in obese boys and girls was higher than 0.70 in both genders. In addition, the NC cutoff values of high BMI ranged from 31.0 cm to 36.1 cm for boys and 31.2 cm to 34.5 cm for girls, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between NC and obesity in Chinese Yi adolescents. The NC can be used as an additional index to predict the obesity of Chinese Yi adolescents.
Reform of the Practice Teaching System of Entrepreneurship Education Based on 5G Fog Computing in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Liu Feiping , Gong Qiuling , Zhou Junjie
Published: October 2021

Innovation is inevitable for economic development of the China and even the world, and entrepreneurship education is also an important topic for educators at home and abroad. It is an important issue for the sustainable development and effective operation of industry and education to establish an integrated support system of industry and education in universities. The purpose of this research is to analyze the reform of entrepreneurship education in the fusion of industrial education and university education and use the latest 5G fog computing technology. In this study, we select different types of universities and graduates as our subject. This study gathers the problems that exist in the academic view and measures of the integration of university production and education, education facilities, and entrepreneurship education through research, literature analysis, and interview methods. A corresponding solution is proposed in conjunction with an analysis model of student performance evaluation. The results show that 22% of teachers think that entrepreneurship education helps students develop in an all-round way, 42% of teachers interviewed think that entrepreneurship education is “graduation service,” 13% of teachers think that entrepreneurship education is an organic supplement to professional education, and 23% of teachers interviewed say it is difficult to position it. 80.5% of university teachers think that the current school management system is not suitable for combination of production and learning, school enterprise cooperation, and development needs. It is concluded that the reform of entrepreneurship education system industry and education that are combined in this study has a good effect on improving the current employment problem, but the adaptation degree of colleges and universities is insufficient. This study contributes to the development of integrated model of new technology with entrepreneurship education.
FML/QuilA‐Vaccinated Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania infantum: Serum Cytokines, Clinicopathological Profile, and Parasitological Parameters
Authors: Almeida Gregório Guilherme , Coura Fernanda Morcatti , de Melo Barbieri Jonata , Moura Ana Carolina Junqueira , de Oliveira Paes-Leme Fabiola , da Costa-Val Adriane Pimenta
Published: October 2021

Dogs are the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum in endemic regions. Canine leishmaniasis, caused by L. infantum, can progress to a chronic disease resulting in death. Vaccines have been developed with a certain degree of success. The pathogenesis of this disease is not completely understood, especially in previously vaccinated dogs. We herein described clinical data, parasite load, serum levels of cytokines, and the reservoir potential in vdogs vaccinated with the fucose‐mannose ligand (FML)/QuilA saponin vaccine (Leishmune™) naturally infected (Vi) and compared to vaccinated not infected dogs (Vn). Thirty‐four dogs from private owners were divided into two groups: vaccinated/infected and vaccinated/uninfected. Clinical evaluation, hematological and biochemical parameters, and serum levels of cytokines were measured by conventional methods. The parasite burden in the bone marrow was measured by quantitative real‐time PCR, and the transmissibility of parasites to sand flies was assessed by xenodiagnosis. Clinical, biochemical, and hematological parameters of vaccinated infected dogs were mostly normal. Vi dogs developed mild disease with low clinical scores. Serum levels of IL‐10 were higher in Vi dogs, and a strong correlation was observed in IL‐4 levels and the A/G ratio in Vi dogs. These results suggest a role of TH2 response in Vi dogs, although more data is needed to better understand the disease in vaccinated dogs.
Methylation Modification, Alternative Splicing, and Noncoding RNA Play a Role in Cancer Metastasis through Epigenetic Regulation
Authors: Yu Bin , Yu Xin , Xiong Jianping , Ma Mei
Published: October 2021

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Understanding the pathogenesis of metastasis at the molecular levels is of great significance for cancer research. However, the molecular diagnosis or treatment of cancer metastasis is limited. Accumulating and growing evidence shows that epigenetic changes are present in all human cancers, and epigenetic regulation is an indispensable factor to promote tumor metastasis. With the deepening of research and the advancement of technology, the function and mechanism of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone/RNA modification, and precursor messenger RNA alternative splicing and noncoding RNAs, has become more increasingly clear. At present, the application of epigenetic therapies in tumor treatment is becoming a feasible therapeutic route. In this review, we looked for the key molecules in epigenetic regulation and discuss their relative regulating mechanisms in cancer metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight promising therapeutic strategies, including monitoring serum DNA for diagnostic purposes and early phase clinical trial therapies that target DNA and histone methylation. This may also be beneficial in finding new targets for further prognosis and diagnosis of cancer metastasis.
Medical Imaging Diagnosis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Based on Intelligent Finite-Element Algorithm
Authors: Wang Minzhuo
Published: October 2021

A medical imaging method based on an intelligent finite-element algorithm was proposed to diagnose anterior cruciate ligament injury modeling better. CT three-dimensional finite-element modeling was used to predict the fixation points of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) femoral tunnel. In this study, 19 subjects were selected, including 11 males and 8 females. There were seven cases of the left knee and 12 cases of the right knee; all patients had sports injuries. The anatomical structure of a patient’s knee was transformed into a three-dimensional model using finite-element analysis software for segmentation. The models of the tibial plateau and lateral femoral condyle were retained. The results showed that the Lysholm score difference (D) between 6 months after surgery and 1 day before surgery was used as the dependent variable in the three-dimensional finite-element model of knee joint established by the software. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed, and the difference

P
<
0.05

was statistically significant. The original image of the Dicom format obtained through CT scan is preprocessed in Mimics without any format conversion, which avoids the loss of information, saves more time, and reduces the workload. The definition of “threshold” is used to complete the extraction of bone contour and realize automation. The speed and accuracy of modeling are improved.
Progress in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Oil Shale
Authors: Li Donghao , Pan Haodan , Di Xiaojing , Liu Xiaoyang , Hu Hongxiang
Published: October 2021

This paper briefly describes the research status of oil shale pyrolysis technology and the main factors affecting oil shale pyrolysis, with emphasis on four kinds of commonly used catalysts: The effects of natural minerals, metal compounds, molecular sixes, and supported catalysts on the pyrolysis of oil shale were discussed. The changes of the pyrolysis mechanism and product composition of oil shale with the addition of different catalysts were discussed. Finally, the development direction of preparation of new catalysts was discussed, in order to provide a prospect for the development and utilization of unconventional and strategic alternative energy resources around the world.
Application of Multislice Spiral CT Volume Reconstruction in Congenital Microtia Reconstruction
Authors: Jin Hongjuan , Peng Weihai
Published: October 2021

Objective. To investigate the application of multislice spiral CT in volume reconstruction of congenital microtia. Methods. Sixty patients who underwent auricle reconstruction in Otolaryngology Hospital of our hospital from April 2020 to April 2021 were selected. All patients had no mental disorders and normal cognitive ability and volunteered to participate in this study. Multislice spiral CT was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multislice spiral CT by scanning the morphology of the ossicular chain and the bone destruction of the selected patients. Results. MSCT can clearly display the structure of ear. Conclusion. MSCT can clearly reflect the external ear and the structure of the ear in patients with congenital microtia and distinguish the different types of patients obviously. Multiplane reconstruction and volume reconstruction can clearly display the fine structure of the patient’s ear, which has important reference value for surgery.
Research on Feature Fusion Method of Mine Microseismic Signal Based on Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Liu Rui
Published: October 2021

The feature extraction of high‐precision microseismic signals is an important prerequisite for multicategory recognition of microseismic signals, and it is also an important basis for intelligent sensing modules in smart mines. Aiming at the problem of unobvious feature extraction of multiclass mine microseismic signals, this paper is based on the unsupervised learning method in the deep learning method, combined with wavelet packet energy ratio and empirical modulus singular value decomposition, and proposes a method based on wavelet packet energy and empirical modulus singular value decomposition and proposes a method (M‐W&E) based on wavelet packet energy and empirical modulus singular value decomposition. This method firstly performs empirical modulus singular value decomposition and wavelet packet energy ratio on the microseismic signal to construct the basic feature vector and then uses the unsupervised learning algorithm to perform the unsupervised learning method feature fusion of the basic feature vector to construct the fused feature vector. After visualization by t‐SNE, various distinctions in the fusion feature vector are more obvious. After testing the fusion feature classification using SVM, it is found that the recognition rate of the new feature after feature fusion is better than that of a single wavelet packet empirical energy component and singular value of empirical modulus, which basically meets the engineering needs and is a mine microseism. The signal extraction and feature enhancement fusion of multiclass samples provide a new idea.
Breast Cancer Calcifications: Identification Using a Novel Segmentation Approach
Authors: Chaudhury Sushovan , Rakhra Manik , Memon Naz , Sau Kartik , Ayana Melkamu Teshome
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer is a strong risk factor of cancer amongst women. One in eight women suffers from breast cancer. It is a life-threatening illness and is utterly dreadful. The root cause which is the breast cancer agent is still under research. There are, however, certain potentially dangerous factors like age, genetics, obesity, birth control, cigarettes, and tablets. Breast cancer is often a malignant tumor that begins in the breast cells and eventually spreads to the surrounding tissue. If detected early, the illness may be reversible. The probability of preservation diminishes as the number of measurements increases. Numerous imaging techniques are used to identify breast cancer. This research examines different breast cancer detection strategies via the use of imaging techniques, data mining techniques, and various characteristics, as well as a brief comparative analysis of the existing breast cancer detection system. Breast cancer mortality will be significantly reduced if it is identified and treated early. There are technological difficulties linked to scans and people’s inconsistency with breast cancer. In this study, we introduced a form of breast cancer diagnosis. There are different methods involved to collect and analyze details. In the preprocessing stage, the input data picture is filtered by using a window or by cropping. Segmentation can be performed using

k

-means algorithm. This study is aimed at identifying the calcifications found in bosom cancer in the last phase. The suggested approach is already implemented in MATLAB, and it produces reliable performance.
Probing the Peculiarity of EhRabX10, a pseudoRab GTPase, from the Enteric Parasite Entamoeba histolytica through In Silico Modeling and Docking Studies
Authors: Roy Mrinalini , Kaushik Sanket , Jyoti Anupam , Srivastava Vijay Kumar
Published: October 2021

Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) is a pathogenic eukaryote that often resides silently in humans under asymptomatic stages. Upon indeterminate stimulus, it develops into fulminant amoebiasis that causes severe hepatic abscesses with 50% mortality. This neglected tropical pathogen relies massively on membrane modulation to flourish and cause disease; these modulations range from the phagocytic mode for food acquisition to a complex trogocytosis mechanism for tissue invasion. Rab GTPases form the largest branch of the Ras‐like small GTPases, with a diverse set of roles across the eukaryotic kingdom. Rab GTPases are vital for the orchestration of membrane transport and the secretory pathway responsible for transporting the pathogenic effectors, such as cysteine proteases (EhCPs) which help in tissue invasion. Rab GTPases thus play a crucial role in executing the cytolytic effect of E. histolytica. First, they interact with Gal/Nac lectins required for adhering to the host cells, and then, they assist in the secretion of EhCPs. Additionally, amoebic Rab GTPases are vital for encystation because substantial vesicular trafficking is required to create dormant amoebic cysts. These cysts are the infective agent and help to spread the disease. The absence of a “bonafide” vesicular transport machinery in Eh and the existence of a diverse repertoire of amoebic Rab GTPases (EhRab) hint at their contribution in supporting this atypical machinery. Here, we provide insights into a pseudoRab GTPase, EhRabX10, by performing physicochemical analysis, predictive 3D structure modeling, protein‐protein interaction studies, and in silico molecular docking. Our group is the first one to classify EhRabX10 as a pseudoRab GTPase with four nonconserved G‐motifs. It possesses the basic fold of the P‐loop containing nucleotide hydrolases. Through this in silico study, we provide an introduction to the characterization of the atypical EhRabX10 and set the stage for future explorations into the mechanisms of nucleotide recognition, binding, and hydrolysis employed by the pseudoEhRab GTPase family.
Adaptive Neural Control and Modeling for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor with Delays and Full State Constraints
Authors: Li Dongjuan , Wang Dongxing , Gao Ying
Published: October 2021

In this paper, an adaptive neural network control method is described to stabilize a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) subject to unknown time‐varying delays and full state constraints. The unknown time delay and state constraints problem of the concentration in the reactor seriously affect the input‐output ratio and stability of the entire system. Therefore, the design difficulty of this control scheme is how to debar the effect of time delay in CSTR systems. To deal with time‐varying delays, Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals (LKFs) are utilized in the adaptive controller design. The convergence of the tracking error to a small compact set without violating the constraints can be identified by the time‐varying logarithm barrier Lyapunov function (LBLF). Finally, the simulation results on CSTR are shown to reveal the validity of the developed control strategy.
Gallstone Disease and Risk of Conventional Adenomas and Serrated Polyps: A Prospective Study
Authors: Polychronidis Georgios , Wang Kai , Lo Chun-Han , Wang Liang , He Mingming , Knudsen Markus D. , Wu Kana , Joshi Amit D. , Ogino Shuji , Giovannucci Edward L. , Chan Andrew T. , Song Mingyang
Published: October 2021

Background:

Gallstone disease has been associated with colorectal cancer and some form of polyps, although the findings are inconclusive. It remains unknown whether gallstone disease influences the initiation of colorectal cancer.

Methods:

We prospectively assessed the association of gallstone disease with risk of colorectal cancer precursors, including conventional adenomas and serrated polyps, in the Nurses' Health Study (1992–2012), the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2011), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1992–2012). Gallstone diseases were assessed using biennial follow-up questionnaires. Self-reported polyp diagnosis was confirmed by review of medical records. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the ORs with adjustment for smoking and other potential confounders.

Results:

Among participants who had undergone a total of 323,832 endoscopies, 16.5% had gallstone disease and 11.3% received cholecystectomy. We documented 1,724, 1,212, and 1,943 cases of conventional adenomas and 1,470, 1,090, and 1,643 serrated polyps in patients with gallstones, cholecystectomy, and either of them, respectively. The OR for adenomas was 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95–1.06] for gallstones, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.93–1.06) for cholecystectomy, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.95–1.05) for either exposure. The corresponding ORs for serrated polyps were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92–1.04), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.93–1.06), and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.92–1.03), respectively.

Conclusions:

Gallstone disease is not associated with colorectal polyps.

Impact:

Patients with gallstones appear to have similar risk of colorectal polyps compared with those without and may therefore follow average-risk colorectal cancer screening guidelines.
Predicted Vitamin D Status and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in the Black Women's Health Study
Authors: Barber Lauren E. , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Petrick Jessica L. , Gerlovin Hanna , White Laura F. , Adams-Campbell Lucile L. , Rosenberg Lynn , Roy Hemant K. , Palmer Julie R.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Observational studies, mostly among White populations, suggest that low vitamin D levels increase colorectal cancer risk. African Americans, who are disproportionately burdened by colorectal cancer, often have lower vitamin D levels compared with other populations.

Methods:

We assessed predicted vitamin D score in relation to colorectal cancer among 49,534 participants in the Black Women's Health Study, a cohort of African American women followed from 1995 to 2017 through biennial questionnaires. We derived predicted vitamin D scores at each questionnaire cycle for all participants using a previously validated prediction model based on actual 25-hydroxyvitamin D values from a subset of participants. We calculated cumulative average predicted vitamin D score at every cycle by averaging scores from cycles up to and including that cycle. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer incidence according to predicted score quartiles.

Results:

Over follow-up, 488 incident colorectal cancers occurred. Compared with women in the highest quartile of predicted vitamin D score, those in the lowest had an estimated 41% (HR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.05–1.90) higher colorectal cancer risk. Comparable HRs were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.02–2.01) for colon and 1.34 (95% CI, 0.70–2.56) for rectal cancer.

Conclusions:

Low vitamin D status may lead to elevated colorectal cancer risk in African American women.

Impact:

Our findings, taken together with established evidence that vitamin D levels are generally lower in African Americans than other U.S. groups, suggest that low vitamin D status may contribute to the disproportionately high colorectal cancer incidence among African Americans.
Ranitidine Use and Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Adami Hans-Olov , Trolle Andersen Ina , Heide-Jørgensen Uffe , Chang Ellen T. , Nørgaard Mette , Toft Sørensen Henrik
Published: October 2021

Background:

The discovery that ranitidine is contaminated with N-nitrosodimethylamine, a suspected human carcinogen, raises the hypothesis of a gastrointestinal carcinogenic effect; however, evidence remains inconclusive.

Methods:

We used the nationwide Danish Prescription Registry to identify a cohort of incident ranitidine users and two active comparator cohorts comprising users of other histamine-2 receptor blockers (H2RB) and users of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). All Danish adults with a first prescription of ranitidine, other H2RBs, or PPIs in 1996 through 2008 were followed virtually completely through 2018 for incidence of esophageal, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancers. We used Cox regression with propensity-score weighting to calculate hazard ratios and 10-year cumulative risk with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:

We ascertained 276 newly diagnosed esophageal, 342 stomach, 133 hepatocellular, and 517 pancreatic cancers among ranitidine users during follow-up (median 14 years). In comparison with use of other H2RBs or PPIs, we found no consistent evidence of increased HRs or excess 10-year cumulative risk of any upper gastrointestinal cancer following ranitidine use. We observed no association after restriction to subjects with at least 5 or 10 prescriptions or those with 10 prescriptions and at least 10 years of follow-up.

Conclusions:

Our large prospective study using high-quality prescription and cancer incidence data, with two active comparator groups, provides no compelling evidence that ranitidine increases the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers.

Impact:

Our results, which do not support any carcinogenic effect on esophagus, stomach, liver or pancreas, should be reassuring for millions of concerned past users of ranitidine.
A Phase I, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Study of the OX40 Agonist Ivuxolimab in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cancers
Authors: Diab Adi , Hamid Omid , Thompson John A. , Ros Willeke , Eskens Ferry A.L.M. , Doi Toshihiko , Hu-Lieskovan Siwen , Klempner Samuel J. , Ganguly Bishu , Fleener Catherine , Wang Xiao , Joh Tenshang , Liao Ken , Salek-Ardakani Shahram , Taylor Carrie Turich , Chou Jeffrey , El-Khoueiry Anthony B.
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

Stimulation of effector T cells is an appealing immunotherapeutic approach in oncology. OX40 (CD134) is a costimulatory receptor expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Induction of OX40 following antigen recognition results in enhanced T-cell activation, proliferation, and survival, and OX40 targeting shows therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies. We report the monotherapy dose-escalation portion of a multicenter, phase I trial (NCT02315066) of ivuxolimab (PF-04518600), a fully human immunoglobulin G2 agonistic monoclonal antibody specific for human OX40.

Patients and Methods:

Adult patients (N = 52) with selected locally advanced or metastatic cancers received ivuxolimab 0.01 to 10 mg/kg. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability. Secondary/exploratory endpoints included preliminary assessment of antitumor activity and biomarker analyses.

Results:

The most common all-causality adverse events were fatigue (46.2%), nausea (28.8%), and decreased appetite (25.0%). Of 31 treatment-related adverse events, 30 (96.8%) were grade ≤2. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Ivuxolimab exposure increased in a dose-proportionate manner from 0.3 to 10 mg/kg. Full peripheral blood target engagement occurred at ≥0.3 mg/kg. Three (5.8%) patients achieved a partial response, and disease control was achieved in 56% of patients. Increased CD4+ central memory T-cell proliferation and activation, and clonal expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood were observed at 0.1 to 3.0 mg/kg. Increased immune cell infiltrate and OX40 expression were evident in on-treatment tumor biopsies.

Conclusions:

Ivuxolimab was generally well tolerated with on-target immune activation at clinically relevant doses, showed preliminary antitumor activity, and may serve as a partner for combination studies.
Predictive Significance of an Optimized Panel for Basal-like Breast Cancer: Results from the Canadian Cancer Trials Group MA.5 and MA.12 Phase III Clinical Trials
Authors: Asleh Karama , Tu Dongsheng , Gao Dongxia , Bramwell Vivien , Levine Mark N. , Pritchard Kathleen I. , Shepherd Lois E. , Nielsen Torsten O.
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

Accurate IHC biomarkers incorporating nestin positivity or inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphate (INPP4B) loss have recently been optimized to identify the basal-like intrinsic breast cancer subtype regardless of estrogen, progesterone, or Her2 status. We examined the predictive capacity of these basal biomarkers in the CCTG MA.5 chemotherapy and MA.12 endocrine therapy trials.

Experimental Design:

Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks of primary tumors from patients randomized in the two trials were used to build tissue microarrays. IHC staining for nestin and INPP4B followed published methods and REMARK criteria. A prespecified statistical plan tested the hypothesis that patients with basal breast cancer (nestin+ or INPP4B−) would not benefit from anthracycline substitution in MA.5 or from tamoxifen in MA.12.

Results:

Nestin positivity or INPP4B loss was observed in 110/453 (24%) interpretable samples from MA.5 and 47/366 (13%) from MA.12, and was associated with high grade, younger age, estrogen receptor negativity, triple-negative, core basal, and PAM50 basal-like subtypes. In the MA.5 trial, patients assigned as basal experienced lower benefit from anthracycline versus nonanthracycline adjuvant chemotherapy [HR, 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72–3.10] when compared with non-basal (nestin− and INPP4B+) cases where there was a higher benefit from anthracyclines (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.54–1.04; Pinteraction = 0.01). In the MA.12 trial, patients assigned as basal did not demonstrate a benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen versus placebo (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.12–1.86; P = 0.29), whereas nonbasal cases displayed significant benefit (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45–0.98; P = 0.04), although the interaction test was not significant.

Conclusions:

The nestin/INPP4B IHC panel identifies women with basal breast cancers who benefit from nonanthracycline chemotherapy but not endocrine adjuvant treatments.