bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting asymptomatic splenic artery aneurysm expansion in patients managed conservatively: A single-center, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Ganbold Khaliun , Jang Youngjin , Mukhtar Yerkyebulan , Ko Gi-Young , Gwon Jun Gyo , Han Youngjin , Cho Yong-Pil
Published: January 2025

Although splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) are relatively rare in the general population, they represent the most prevalent type among visceral artery aneurysms. This study aimed to identify predictors of SAA expansion during follow-up and to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the natural history of SAAs. This single-center, retrospective, observational study included 137 patients with SAAs who were managed conservatively with computed tomography follow-up for a minimum of 1 year. The primary outcome was sac expansion, defined as any increase in the maximum sac diameter (≥1 mm) observed on follow-up computed tomography. The relationships between clinical variables and SAA expansion were examined. The incidence of SAA expansion was 35.0% (48/137). Eligible patients were categorized into 2 groups: the no-change (n = 89, 65.0%) and expansion (n = 48, 35.0%) groups. The 2 groups did not exhibit significant differences in demographic characteristics or risk factors, except for a higher likelihood of current smoking and portal hypertension in the expansion group. The prevalence of SAA wall calcification was notably higher in the no-change group (41/89 [46.1%] vs 8/48 [16.7%]; P 
< .01). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling revealed that SAA expansion was more likely to occur in current smokers (hazard ratio [HR], 4.34 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–13.34]; P = .01) and in those with an initial maximum SAA diameter >14 mm (HR, 3.13 [95% CI, 1.61–6.08]; P < .01), but expansion was less likely to occur in patients with SAA wall calcification (HR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.12–0.61]; P 
< .01). SAA expansion was associated with wall calcification and initial maximum SAA diameters >14 mm. Further larger-scale studies are required to ascertain risk factors for rapid expansion, which could ultimately identify which categories of patients benefit most from early prophylactic intervention.
Dual sensory loss and cognitive impairment: A study in elderly users of gerontological centers in a Galician urban area
Authors: Vázquez-Sánchez Covadonga , Gigirey Prieto Luz M. , del Oro-Sáez Carlos P.
Published: January 2025

SIGNIFICANCE

Several studies indicate that dual sensory loss (DSL) is related to cognitive impairment. However, there are still no conclusive data on the role of each individual deficit on cognitive performance when both co-occur in the same person.

PURPOSE

This study aimed to analyze the possible association between sensory deficit and cognitive impairment in a sample of older adults and whether this association differs in subjects with DSL compared with those with single or no sensory impairment.

METHODS

Participants of this study were older adult users of gerontological centers in an urban area of Galicia (Spain). All subjects underwent visual and auditory screening tests to detect the presence of DSL. The Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination test was used to identify cognitive impairment. Hearing loss was defined according to Ventry and Weinstein's criteria. Visual impairment was defined as a binocular presenting visual acuity <0.5 (20/40). The presence of DSL was established on the basis of the definitions of the single deficits.

RESULTS

A total of 534 subjects were examined. Older adults with DSL had the worst results in the Mini-Mental test, and those without sensory impairment had the best. The likelihood of cognitive impairment was greater in older adults with DSL than in those without sensory impairment (odds ratio, 6.06 [3.14 to 11.65]). When only visual impairment was present, the likelihood of cognitive impairment was 3.73 times higher (0.95 to 3.09) than that of subjects with no sensory impairment. Hearing loss alone seems not to be significantly associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study highlight the importance of continuing research in DSL for the prevention of cognitive impairment, the design of intervention plans, and the optimization of health resources.
Angiomyolipoma Suspected to be the Lobular Capillary Hemangioma in the Nasal Cavity
Authors: Kim Tae Hoon , Kim SungHee
Published: January 2025

Angiomyolipoma (AML), composed of smooth muscle cells, blood vessels, and adipose tissues, belongs to a family of tumors originating from perivascular epithelioid cells. Angiomyolipoma most commonly arises in the kidney but is extremely rare in the nasal cavity. Angiomyolipoma is classified into hepatorenal and mucocutaneous AML. Mucocutaneous AML is defined as AML originating from the skin and nasopharyngeal mucosa. Mucocutaneous AML should be distinguished from hepatorenal AML because hepatorenal AML has a malignant potential. Moreover, mucocutaneous AML must be considered in the differential diagnosis for unilateral nasal mass despite being a rare disease. The authors present the case of a 70-year-old woman with mucocutaneous AML who complained of right epistaxis. Although she had a history of hypertension and acute myocardial infarction, it was not related to tuberous sclerosis. Endoscopic examination revealed a round and reddish mass protruding from the right inferior meatus. She underwent endoscopic resection without complications. She had no recurrence for 15 months.
Cholangiocytes’ Primary Cilia Regulate DNA Damage Response and Repair
Authors: Peixoto Estanislao , Pant Kishor , Richard Seth , Abrahante Juan E. , Czaja Wioletta , Gradilone Sergio A.
Published: January 2025

Primary cilia have been considered tumor-suppressing organelles in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), though the mechanisms behind their protective role are not fully understood. This study investigates how the loss of primary cilia affects DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair processes in CCA. Human cholangiocyte cell lines were used to examine the colocalization of DNA repair proteins at the cilia and assess the impact of experimental deciliation on DNA repair pathways. Deciliation was induced using shRNA knockdown or CRISPR knockout of IFT20, IFT88, or KIF3A, followed by exposure to the genotoxic agents cisplatin, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), or irradiation. Cell survival, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis rates were evaluated, and DNA damage was assessed using comet assays and γH2AX quantification. Anin vivoliver-specificIFT88knockout model was generated using Cre/Lox recombination. Results showed that RAD51 localized at the cilia base, while ATR, PARP1, CHK1 and CHK2 were found within the cilia. Deciliated cells displayed dysregulation in critical DNA repair. These cells also showed reduced survival and increased S-phase arrest after genotoxic challenges as compared to ciliated cells. Enhanced DNA damage was observed via increased γH2AX signals and comet assay results. An increase in γH2AX expression was also observed in ourin vivomodel, indicating elevated DNA damage. Additionally, key DDR proteins, such as ATM, p53, and p21, were downregulated in deciliated cells after irradiation. This study underscores the crucial role of primary cilia in regulating DNA repair and suggests that targeting cilia-related mechanisms could present a novel therapeutic approach for CCA.

New and Noteworthy: Our findings reveal a novel connection between primary cilia and DNA repair in cholangiocytes. We showed that DDR and DNA repair proteins localize to cilia, and that deciliation leads to impaired cell survival and S-phase arrest under genotoxic stress. Deciliated cells exhibit heightened DNA damage, evidenced by increased γH2AX signals and comet assay results, a phenotype mirrored inin vivoIFT88 knockout mice. Furthermore, key DDR regulators, including ATM, p53, and p21, are downregulated in deciliated cells following irradiation, highlighting a crucial role for primary cilia in maintaining genome stability.
Chaperone-mediated autophagy substrates bind to lid domain of Hsc70: Exploration using integrated approach
Authors: Sahu Devid , Malhotra Nidhi
Published: January 2025

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective lysosomal degradation pathway crucial for cellular homeostasis. Its dysfunction is linked to cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Hsc70 mediates CMA selectivity by recognizing proteins with ′KFERQ-type′ sequences, but the structural basis for substrate recognition and the substrate-binding mechanism of Hsc70 remain unclear. This study integrates literature, bioinformatics, AlphaFold 3 predictions, and 29 μs of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the lid domain interactions of Hsc70 with fifteen verified CMA substrate segments. Structural and thermodynamic residue-level analyses suggest binding occur in a hydrophobic cavity formed by alpha helix α1 and α3 in the lid domain of hsc70, with complex stabilization primarily driven by hydrophobic residues within ′KFERQ-type′ motif and its flanking regions. The robustness of our findings is confirmed by consistent convergence across force fields, substrates, and supporting literature, all identifying the same site. This study offers insights into therapeutic modulation of the CMA pathway.
A numerical solution method for the fractional moment problem within engineering
Authors: Wang Yifan , Tani Ryuichi , Uchida Kenetsu
Published: January 2025

Purpose

In the field of engineering, the fractional moments of random variables play a crucial role and are widely utilized. They are applied in various areas such as structural reliability assessment and analysis, studying the response characteristics of random vibration systems and optimizing signal processing and control systems. This study focuses on calculating the fractional moments of positive random variables encountered in engineering. This study focuses on calculating the fractional moments of positive random variables encountered in engineering.

Design/methodology/approach

By integrating Laplace transforms with fractional derivatives, both analytical and practical numerical solutions are derived. Furthermore, specific practical application methods are provided.

Findings

This approach allows for the stable and highly accurate calculation of fractional moments based on the integer moments of random variables. Data experiments included in this study demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in solving fractional moment calculations in engineering. Compared to traditional methods, the proposed method offers significant advantages in stability and accuracy, which can further advance research in the engineering field that employs fractional moments.

Originality/value

(1) Accuracy: Although the proposed method does involve some error, its error level is significantly lower than traditional methods, such as the Taylor expansion method. (2) Stability: The computational error of the proposed method is not only minimal but also remains stable within a narrow range as the fractional order varies. (3) Efficiency: Compared to the widely used Taylor expansion method, the proposed method requires only a minimal number of integer-order moments to achieve the desired results. Additionally, it avoids convergence issues during computation, greatly reducing computational resource requirements. (4) Simplicity: The application steps of the proposed method are very straightforward, offering significant advantages in practical applications.
Analysis and manufacturing of truck trailer supports in polyamide PA6
Authors: Amroune Salah , Saib Cherif , Houari Amin , Zergane Said , Mohamad Barhm Abdullah , Madani Kouider , Aichouche Mohamed Lamin , Zidane Madi
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to develop high-performance truck trailer supports using polyamide PA6, a thermoplastic material renowned for its mechanical strength, durability and adaptability to extreme conditions. By analysing the material’s properties and exploring manufacturing methods such as injection moulding and 3D printing, the research seeks to optimise the design and production of supports capable of withstanding heavy-duty mechanical stresses. The ultimate goal is to provide the transport industry with reliable, cost-effective and durable solutions that meet safety standards and performance demands, ensuring enhanced operational efficiency and resilience in challenging environments.

Design/methodology/approach

The study investigates the design and production of truck trailer supports using polyamide PA6, chosen for its high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to wear and chemical exposure. The research evaluates manufacturing techniques, including injection moulding and 3D printing, to optimise part performance and durability under heavy-duty mechanical stresses. Emphasis is placed on designing supports capable of enduring harsh environmental conditions while ensuring safety and cost-efficiency. By leveraging the superior properties of PA6, the study aims to develop reliable solutions that meet the transport industry’s stringent performance and economic requirements.

Findings

The study confirms that using PA6 polyamide for truck trailer supports is an innovative and cost-effective solution, offering superior mechanical performance and environmental resistance. A detailed analysis of PA6 properties and manufacturing methods reveals its suitability as a robust and durable alternative for trailer supports. This integration marks a significant advancement in improving trailer efficiency and performance while maintaining quality standards. The findings underscore the importance of leveraging technological advancements to address challenges in innovation and sustainability, supporting the growth of the transport and logistics sector.

Originality/value

This study introduces an innovative approach to designing truck trailer supports by utilising polyamide PA6, highlighting its superior mechanical properties and environmental resilience. By combining material analysis with advanced manufacturing techniques, such as injection moulding and 3D printing, the research provides a novel framework for producing durable, cost-effective components tailored to the transport industry’s demands. The originality lies in the integration of PA6 into heavy-duty applications, showcasing its potential to enhance performance, efficiency and sustainability. This work adds significant value by addressing critical industry challenges and offering practical solutions that align with modern safety and environmental standards.
Gender differences in the returns to education and STEM degree in Mexico
Authors: Dolgikh Sofiia , Potanin Bogdan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate gender differences in the returns to different levels of education and studying in STEM fields in Mexico. Specifically, we estimate the effects of education on employment and income.

Design/methodology/approach

We use data about more than 4.5 m individuals in the year 2020 in Mexico to estimate the average treatment effects of different levels of education and studying in STEM fields on income and employment. To obtain these estimates, we apply several econometric models that address non-random selection into employment and different levels of education.

Findings

The results of the analysis suggest that, on average, women experience negative returns to STEM education, both in terms of income and employment probability. In contrast, studying in STEM field has positive effect on the income of men. Additionally, in terms of income, women have higher returns to secondary, vocational and bachelor’s levels of education, while men have greater returns from a master’s degree.

Practical implications

Our findings suggest that changes in the labor market are essential to create an equitable environment for women pursuing STEM education. Addressing discrimination in the labor market and ensuring fair hiring practices will not only enhance the effectiveness of the labor market itself but also contribute to reducing inequality in the education system. Particularly, the issue of small or even negative returns to STEM education for women – both in terms of incomes and probability of employment – should be addressed.

Originality/value

We provide novel estimates that characterize gender disparities in the returns to education in Mexico. Specifically, we contribute to previous studies on Mexico by examining different levels of higher education and studying in STEM fields. Particularly, our estimates contribute to the explanation of gender inequality in obtaining STEM education.
Can gurus wear blue collars? Samuel Gompers’ voluntarism as a management strategy
Authors: Schachter Hindy Lauer
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to analyze Samuel Gompers’ use of innovative management practices involving authority and voluntarism at the American Federation of Labor (AFL) as a way of suggesting a role for a labor leader as a management guru. It is a case study attempt to insert a labor presence into the canon of management leaders whose accomplishments are taught in academic programs and appear in the field’s textbooks.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology involved close reading and dialogue with primary sources on Samuel Gompers and the AFL from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, along with more recent reviews and critiques of the union’s foundation period.

Findings

The paper analyzes Gompers’ approach to nonhierarchical decision-making through his doctrine of voluntarism. The paper discusses jurisdictional disputes in the AFL in the early 20th century, exploring internal rebuffs Gompers originally received to his suggestion of voluntary solution building. The narrative recounts his tenacity in pursuing voluntarism and his use of sub-federative departments after 1907 to damp down jurisdictional disputes without fiat from himself or the AFL executive board.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is one of the first in the management history literature to present a labor leader with blue-collar origins as a management guru, expanding the representativeness of the progenitors of the field.
Transcending the past into the future: the effects of succession planning and incumbents’ willingness to step aside on the sustainability of family businesses
Authors: Ringo Denis Samwel , Kibambila Vicent Kadoke
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study examines the influence of succession planning and the incumbents’ willingness to step aside on the sustainability of family businesses, a critical but often overlooked aspect that can determine the long-term viability of these enterprises. The study further explores the moderating effect of the incumbents’ willingness to step aside in the relationship between succession planning and sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 190 successors of family businesses in Tanzania. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the measurement model, and hypotheses were tested using the PROCESS macro.

Findings

The findings indicate that both succession planning and the incumbents’ willingness to step aside significantly enhance the sustainability of family businesses by ensuring a smooth and structured leadership transition, which minimizes disruptions and safeguards business continuity. Additionally, the incumbents’ willingness to step aside was found to be a significant moderator of the relationship between succession planning and sustainability, meaning that the influence of succession planning on sustainability is much stronger when the incumbents are fully supportive and cooperative during the transition. This implies that without the incumbents’ active participation, even well-designed succession plans may not achieve their full potential.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the limited empirical evidence on the influence of succession planning on the sustainability of family businesses. Additionally, it advances current understanding by identifying the moderating effect of the incumbents’ willingness to step aside on the relationship between succession planning and sustainability, an area not previously explored in the literature. The findings have significant implications for both practitioners and researchers, offering new perspectives on managing generational transitions in family businesses.
Dynamics of entrepreneurial behaviour for crowdfunding: insights from a hybrid review
Authors: Kumar Amit , Agrawal Gaurav
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to analyse entrepreneurial behaviour in the context of crowdfunding and investigate various behavioural factors that impact entrepreneurs’ capacity to secure capital for their businesses through crowdfunding. It highlights gaps in the literature and offers insights into entrepreneurial crowdfunding behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

The study conducted a hybrid literature evaluation, utilizing both bibliometric analysis and a Theory-Context-Methodology (TCM) framework-based approach. For quality assessment of the articles we use Qualsyst Analysis tool. A total of 177 relevant publications, published between 2013 and 2024, were reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of the research in this field.

Findings

The analysis reveals a growing body of literature on entrepreneurial crowdfunding behaviour, with a significant increase after 2018. Business & Management emerged as the field with the most publications (64), and the United States contributed the highest number of studies (45), followed by Germany (25) and France (14). The study categorizes the literature and identifies a niche area that remains under-explored.

Research limitations/implications

The study provides actionable insights for entrepreneurs on how to adapt crowd-funding campaign strategies, with particular attention to the growing trend of sustainability in business. Additionally, it offers a road-map for future researchers to build on existing theories, methodologies, and contextual factors related to entrepreneurial crowdfunding behaviour.

Originality/value

This review is one of the few studies combining bibliometric analysis with the TCM framework to map the entrepreneurial crowdfunding literature. It identifies key gaps in research and offers future directions for the development of this field.
Exploring user experience and usability of mobile and open banking for digital natives in Turkiye
Authors: Soyupak Ozan , Ipek Haluk
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine the user experience (UX) and usability of mobile and open banking solutions for digital natives in Turkiye, identifying their specific needs and behaviors with these technologies. It explores how these solutions can be optimized for efficiency, security and user satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted using a sample of 10 digital natives (aged 18–23) in Turkiye. Data were collected through three-stage user interviews, focusing on participants’ current mobile banking experiences, their expectations for open banking and a heuristic evaluation of mobile banking applications. The interviews were analyzed to understand the participants’ interaction patterns and usability issues with these applications.

Findings

Participants frequently used mobile banking for financial transactions like money transfers and QR payments. However, challenges like interface complexity, error potential and data overload hindered satisfaction. Participants were unfamiliar with open banking but were interested in its potential, though privacy concerns were prevalent.

Originality/value

This study adds to the limited literature on UX and usability in mobile and open banking, offering a design perspective focused on error prevention, trust-building and personalization.
Evaluating the environmental and easy-care benefits of diacetate fiber blended textiles: implications for sustainability in the textile industry
Authors: Ren Zhibo , Guan Xiaoyu
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the environmental and easy-care benefits of diacetate fiber blended textiles, emphasizing their potential in enhancing sustainability and reducing carbon emissions in the textile industry. It addresses the pressing need for innovative materials that combine functional advantages with reduced environmental impacts.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive series of experiments was conducted to assess the easy-care properties of fabrics blended with diacetate fibers. These properties include stain resistance, wash dimensional stability and antistatic performance, using standardized textile testing methods. The experimental setup involved a variety of fabric blends tested under simulated conditions that mimic real-world usage to evaluate the effectiveness of diacetate fibers in practical applications.

Findings

The inclusion of diacetate fibers significantly enhances several easy-care properties of the textiles. Fabrics containing these fibers showed improved stain resistance, particularly in blends with polyester and cotton, which also exhibited better dimensional stability after washing. Antistatic properties were notably better in diacetate-polyester blends compared to other fiber compositions. Furthermore, the research demonstrated that these fabrics require fewer wash cycles, effectively reducing water and energy consumption, thereby contributing to environmental sustainability.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to systematically quantify the multiple benefits of diacetate fiber blends in textiles, providing a dual focus on environmental impact and practical textile care. The findings offer new insights into the use of sustainable fiber technologies in reducing the ecological footprint of the textile industry while maintaining material performance, supporting the advancement toward a more sustainable fashion industry.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Assisted Oocyte Activation in ICSI: Pairwise Meta‐Analyses and Systematic Evidence Evaluation
Authors: Fawzy Mohamed , Elsuity Mohamad AlaaEldein , Magdi Yasmin , Rashwan Mosab Mahmod , Gad Mostafa Ali , Adel Nehal , Emad Mai , Ibrahem Dina , El‐Gezeiry Sara , Etman Ahmed , Ahmed Niveen Shaker , Abdelhamed Tamer , El‐Damen Ahmed , Mahran Ali , Serour Gamal I. , Soliman Mohamed Y.
Published: January 2025

Background

Artificial oocyte activation (AOA) is used to improve fertilisation rates in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles.

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of AOA on fertilisation, embryo development, and clinical outcomes, including live birth.

Search Strategy

We searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus from January 1990 to March 2024 using terms related to ‘artificial oocyte activation’ and ‘ICSI.’

Selection Criteria

Study designs included randomised trials (RCTs), quasi‐experimental, cohort, and case–control studies that evaluated AOA's effects on ICSI outcomes, provided quantitative data and were published in English.

Data Collection and Analysis

Reviewers independently performed data extraction using a standardised form. Study quality was appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklists. Meta‐analyses employed a random‐effects model, and evidence was classified using a comprehensive numerical framework.

Main Results

We included 45 studies covering 56 787 mature oocytes, 7463 women for clinical pregnancies, and 7063 women for live births. AOA showed potential in increasing fertilisation rates in patients with a history of low or absent fertilisation but did not enhance embryo development or clinical outcomes. This effect diminished when excluding low‐quality studies or focusing solely on RCTs. In other patient groups, AOA showed limited or nonsignificant benefits.

Conclusions

Applying comprehensive evidence assessment, AOA showed potential in improving fertilisation rates in patients with fertilisation problems but no benefits for embryo development or live birth rates. This underscores the critical importance of rigorous evidence credibility in informing clinical practice in assisted conception.
How useful was a paediatric physical abuse screening project in a rural Australian emergency department?
Authors: van Bockxmeer John , Enzor Lesley , Makate Marshall , Robinson Suzanne
Published: January 2025

Objective

Children with non‐accidental injuries have increased risk of future death. There is insufficient evidence for widespread physical abuse screening tool use in the ED. This study assesses the utility of a physical abuse project that includes the implementation of a screening tool with case‐matching from multiple sources. It aims to confirm whether risk‐screening in a medium‐sized rural Australian ED is reliable and will improve outcomes.

Methods

This is a 16‐month ED retrospective pre‐/post‐implementation study of all injury, burn or poisoning cases 16 years and under during a paediatric physical abuse safety project which included a screening tool. Presentations with potential physical abuse were filtered by ICD‐10 codes and reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression models compared pre‐ and post‐implementation cases. Analyses examined outcomes, trends and interrogated the screening tool which formed a Clinical Pathway Algorithm (CPA).

Results

A total of 1469 presentations underwent investigation: 747 pre‐implementation and 722 post‐implementation. Pearson's χ2 test showed statistically insignificant differences. If tool used, documentation improved (odds ratio [OR] 7.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.91–12.18), child protection service referrals increased (OR 5.50; 95% CI 1.82–16.61) and hospital admissions decreased (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22–0.79). Re‐presentation rates stayed the same. Increased physical abuse was associated with screening factors including carer behavioural concerns, inadequate supervision, delayed presentation, repeat and unexplained injuries (ORs/CIs in an accompanying Table 4). Screening tool sensitivity was 62.3% and specificity 79.7%.

Conclusion

Implementing this ED paediatric physical abuse project improved safety behaviours and best‐practice documentation. The tool improved medical decision making without increased re‐presentations. ED clinicians may use similar CPAs to help review safety concerns and facilitate discharge; however, resources are needed to investigate referrals flagged due to false‐positive rates.
Comparative Genomics Points to Ecological Drivers of Genomic Divergence Among Intertidal Limpets
Authors: Giles Emily C. , González Vanessa L. , Carimán Paulina , Leiva Carlos , Suescún Ana Victoria , Lemer Sarah , Guillemin Marie Laure , Ortiz‐Barrientos Daniel , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo
Published: January 2025

Comparative genomic studies of closely related taxa are important for our understanding of the causes of divergence on a changing Earth. This being said, the genomic resources available for marine intertidal molluscs are limited and currently, there are few publicly available high‐quality annotated genomes for intertidal species and for molluscs in general. Here we report transcriptome assemblies for six species of Patellogastropoda and genome assemblies and annotations for three of these species (Scurria scurra, Scurria viridula and Scurria zebrina). Comparative analysis using these genomic resources suggest that and recently diverging lineages (10–20 Mya) have experienced similar amounts of contractions and expansions but across different gene families. Furthermore, differences among recently diverged species are reflected in variation in the amount of coding and noncoding material in genomes, such as amount of repetitive elements and lengths of transcripts and introns and exons. Additionally, functional ontologies of species‐specific and duplicated genes together with demographic inference support the finding that recent divergence among members of the genus Scurria aligns with their unique ecological characteristics. Overall, the resources presented here will be valuable for future studies of adaptation in molluscs and in intertidal habitats as a whole.
EcologicalNetworksDynamics.jl: A Julia package to simulate the temporal dynamics of complex ecological networks
Authors: Lajaaiti Ismaël , Bonnici Iago , Kéfi Sonia , Mayall Hana , Danet Alain , Beckerman Andrew P. , Malpas Thomas , Delmas Eva
Published: January 2025

Species interactions play a crucial role in shaping biodiversity, species coexistence, population dynamics, community stability and ecosystem functioning. Our understanding of the role of the diversity of species interactions driving these species, community and ecosystem features is limited because current approaches often focus only on trophic interactions. This is why a new modelling framework that includes a greater diversity of interactions between species is crucially needed.

We developed a modular, user‐friendly, and extensible Julia package that delivers the core functionality of the bio‐energetic food web model. Moreover, it embeds several ecological interaction types alongside the capacity to manipulate external drivers of ecological dynamics. These new features represent important processes known to influence biodiversity, coexistence, functioning and stability in natural communities. Specifically, they include: (a) an explicit multiple nutrient intake model for producers, (b) competition among producers, (c) temperature dependence implemented via the Boltzmann‐Arhennius rule, and (d) the ability to model several non‐trophic interactions including competition for space, plant facilitation, predator interference and refuge provisioning.

The inclusion of the various features provides users with the ability to ask questions about multiple simultaneous processes and stressor impacts, and thus develop theory relevant to real world scenarios facing complex ecological communities in the Anthropocene. It will allow researchers to quantify the relative importance of different mechanisms to stability and functioning of complex communities.

The package was build for theoreticians seeking to explore the effects of different types of species interactions on the dynamics of complex ecological communities, but also for empiricists seeking to confront their empirical findings with theoretical expectations. The package provides a straightforward framework to model explicitly complex ecological communities or provide tools to generate those communities from few parameters.
Mining novel Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and secondary metabolites for invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) control
Authors: Apirajkamol Nonthakorn ( Beatrice) , James Bill , Hogarty Timothy Michael , Mainali Bishwo , Taylor Phillip Warren , Roberts John , Rane Rahul , Tay Wee Tek , Walsh Thomas Kieran
Published: January 2025

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxins are often considered environmentally friendly pest control tools. However, the development of resistance to Bt toxins and emergence of exotic pests necessitate the characterisation of new Bt isolates. This study aims to identify and characterise novel Bt toxins and bioactive compounds that may be utilised to mitigate the impact of Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm, FAW), a polyphagous agricultural pest species that has recently established populations in over 80 countries including Australia. Eight Bt isolates were used in bioassays to ascertain toxicity to FAW neonates. Six Bt isolates (Bt_01‐02 and Bt_05‐08) exhibited potential insecticidal activities. Three isolates including Bt_01 and Bt_07‐08 caused 100% mortality, while Bt_02, Bt_05, and Bt_06 induced 71.27 ± 21.17, 98.44 ± 2.21 and 92.19 ± 11.05% mortality, respectively. Genome analysis was conducted to characterise the toxins and secondary metabolite gene clusters of each isolate. Four isolates (Bt_01, Bt_06, Bt_07, Bt_08) contained the Cry1Na‐partial and Cry1I toxins, while Bt_05 contained Cry2A, Cry1H and Cry1‐like amino acid sequences. In addition, the gene cluster for zwittermicin A, a crystal toxin enhancer, was present in all isolates. However, no known toxins or insecticidal compounds were identified in Bt_02 despite inducing high mortality. The pathogenicity of Bt_02 was also tested against two Australian native pest species: Helicoverpa armigera conferta and H. punctigera. This includes both the susceptible and Cry1Ac‐resistant (Hp9‐3784) lines of H. punctigera. Bt_02 caused 74.88 ± 19.82% mortality in H. armigera, 95.65 ± 6.15% mortality in H. punctigera and 90.91 ± 12.86% mortality in Hp9‐3784. This suggests that Bt_02 may possess unknown toxins or bioactive compounds responsible for its effectiveness against three species of lepidopteran pests including those that exhibited Cry1Ac resistance.
Deliberative approaches to the climate crisis: Adapting Climathons for rural communities
Authors: Simmonds Philippa , Maye Damian , Ingram Julie , Gardner Abigail , Raseta Sofia
Published: January 2025

This paper reflects on adapting the Climathon method as a novel deliberative approach for place‐based climate governance, with a focus on agri‐food climate solutions. We consider the interrelated governance concepts of deliberative democracy and just transitions, with attention to liberal and agonistic perspectives. The paper draws on two Climathons organised in rural English communities in early 2022: one in Cumbria and one in Cornwall. It uses semi‐structured interviews, evaluative data and researcher reflections to analyse alignment (or not) with components of deliberative discussion, principles of deliberative democracy, and factors that increase perceptions of procedural justice. We found it was possible to create conditions for conscientious and informed deliberation. However, some aspects of the Climathon methodology made deliberation challenging, particularly the ‘balanced’ component, as time pressure led to a focus on achieving consensus rather than exploring all arguments. Climathons can be a valuable deliberative tool, as part of a range of options including citizens' assemblies. We recommend co‐designing events with local stakeholders, aligning with existing local initiatives, and mapping a clear pathway for solutions to feed into policy and practice.
Entrusted power enhances psychological other‐orientation and altruistic behavioural tendencies
Authors: Gobel Matthias S. , Choi Eunsoo , Uchida Yukiko
Published: January 2025

From the playground to the boardroom, social power profoundly shapes the way people think and behave. Social psychological research has offered a nuanced understanding of the diverse psychological and behavioural tendencies of powerholders. We add to this literature by proposing that powerholders also differ in how they construe the origin of their power. Specifically, we differentiate between perceiving one's power as being based on personal merit and achievement (i.e. achieved power construal) and perceiving one's power as being granted by others (i.e. entrusted power construal). We hypothesised that entrusted power construal, more than achieved power construal, would increase powerholders' psychological other‐orientation—the tendency to take another's perspective and to feel what they feel—and their altruistic behavioural tendencies. Using a multi‐method approach, we tested this prediction across three studies (N = 926). Our findings revealed that powerholders who adopted an entrusted power construal, compared to those who adopted an achieved power construal, exhibited greater psychological other‐orientation and more altruistic behavioural tendencies. We discuss the practical implications of these findings, including how they inform the training of future powerholders to educate them about the reciprocal nature of power.
MC16 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and ameliorates acute and diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Thompson Austin D. , Hurtado Kevin A. , Janda Jaroslav , Scholpa Natalie E. , Rohrer Baerbel , Schnellmann Rick G.
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

Kidney disease (KD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, affecting 〉10% of the global population. Two of the most common causes of KD are diabetes and acute kidney injury (AKI), both of which induce mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in renal proximal tubular damage/necrosis. Thus, pharmacological induction of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) may provide a therapeutic strategy to block the onset/progression of KD. Here, we evaluated the pharmacological and potential therapeutic effects of a novel MB‐inducing oxindole agent, MC16.

Experimental Approach

Primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) were used to evaluate the cellular signalling and MB‐inducing effects of MC16. Mice were used to determine the MB‐inducing effects of MC16 in vivo, and the metabolic effects of MC16 on the renal cortical metabolome. Mouse models of AKI and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were used to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of MC16 to ameliorate acute and diabetic nephropathy.

Key Results

MC16 activated the PI3K‐AKT‐eNOS‐FOXO1 axis and induced MB in RPTCs. MC16 induced MB and altered the renal cortical metabolome of mice. MC16 accelerated renal recovery, reduced vascular permeability, and diminished mitochondrial dysfunction following AKI. MC16 decreased diabetes‐induced renal swelling, improved renal and mitochondrial function, and diminished interstitial fibrosis in DKD mouse models.

Conclusion and Implications

MC16 is a novel compound that induces MB and ameliorates acute and diabetic nephropathy in mice. This study underscores that targeting MB following the onset of renal/metabolic insults may provide a therapeutic strategy to mitigate the onset and/or progression of KD.
Second‐Generation (44‐Channel) Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis: Surgical Stability and Safety During a 2‐Year Clinical Trial
Authors: Allen Penelope J. , Kolic Maria , Baglin Elizabeth K. , Titchener Samuel A. , Kvansakul Jessica , Nayagam David A. X. , Yeoh Jonathan , Briggs Robert J. , Villalobos Joel , Williams Christopher E. , McGuinness Myra B. , Luu Chi D. , Petoe Matthew A. , Abbott Carla J. ,   for the Bionics Institute and Centre for Eye Research Australia Retinal Prosthesis Consortium
Published: January 2025

Background

To assess the safety and stability profile of the suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis (ScRP) in participants with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) for 2 years from implantation.

Methods

Four participants, with advanced RP and bare‐light perception vision were enrolled in a prospective, single arm unmasked interventional clinical trial and unilaterally implanted with a 44‐channel ScRP (NCT03406416). Electrical stimulation commenced in the psychophysics laboratory prior to use in local environments. Outcome measures included serious adverse events, adverse events, implant stability and implant functionality to assess the safety and stability profile over 2.0–2.7 years.

Results

Surgical procedures took 204–260 min and were uncomplicated. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Imaging confirmed the device position under the macula and the absence of retinal trauma. There were no serious adverse events and the adverse events that occurred were mild. All electrodes were functional at surgery completion, and only 3% electrodes lost functionality by study end. There was minor array movement (translational and rotational) within the first 10–15 weeks only. The electrode to retina distance increased as expected with fibrous capsule development, but plateaued in three of four participants within 12 months. Retinal and choroidal thicknesses were consistent with the underlying retinal dystrophic disease.

Conclusions

The ScRP can be safely implanted in the suprachoroidal space and has minimal long‐term impacts on the eye, with no SAEs and only slight array movement seen over 2.0–2.7 years. Hence, the findings indicate approach feasibility and further multicentre studies are warranted.
Taxonomic and phylogenetic biases in translocated angiosperm plant species across European countries
Authors: Soares Filipa Coutinho , Mouchet Maud , Monnet Anne‐Christine , Kjelsberg Nadline , Fernández Alfredo García , Robert Alexandre , Mihoub Jean‐Baptiste , Colas Bruno , Sarrazin François
Published: January 2025

Conservation translocations are a well‐known conservation tool used to reverse the effects of local population extinctions and restore ecosystems. Compared with mammals and birds, plants are underrepresented in translocation programs, and little is known about the potential taxonomic and phylogenetic biases of plant translocation efforts. We aimed to assess how translocated plant species may contribute to the conservation of phylogenetic diversity (PD) among European countries. Focusing on angiosperms across 4 European countries with well‐documented flora and comprehensive sampling of translocated plant species, we determined whether species translocations were related to species conservation status with binomial generalized linear mixed models with threat status as a binary response variable. Then, we evaluated the taxonomic and phylogenetic biases of translocated plant species relative to national floras based on PD and evolutionary distinctiveness (ED). To evaluate PD and ED, we constructed null models to assess the deviation of observed values from those expected under a scenario in which translocated species were randomly sampled from the species pool of national floras in each country. Although most species lacked conservation status assessment, plant translocations mainly targeted species with high extinction risk at national, European, and global scales. Although plant orders with a higher representativeness of translocated species also tended to have a higher representativeness of native species, the probability of species being translocated varied significantly across plant order, suggesting a significant taxonomic bias. Based on null models and considering all countries, PD and mean ED of translocated plants were higher than expected by chance in most countries. These results suggest that although translocation programs were implemented independently across countries, the diversity of translocated plant species is relevant to conserving PD from national to continental scales and restoring evolutionarily distinct species when these species succeed. We argue that PD indicators should be incorporated into translocation planning to restore target species’ evolutionary trajectories and to contribute to conservation of PD.
Wearable sensors in paediatric neurology
Authors: González Barral Camila , Servais Laurent
Published: January 2025

Wearable sensors have the potential to transform diagnosis, monitoring, and management of children who have neurological conditions. Traditional methods for assessing neurological disorders rely on clinical scales and subjective measures. The snapshot of the disease progression at a particular time point, lack of cooperation by the children during assessments, and susceptibility to bias limit the utility of these measures. Wearable sensors, which capture data continuously in natural settings, offer a non‐invasive and objective alternative to traditional methods. This review examines the role of wearable sensors in various paediatric neurological conditions, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, as well as Rett syndrome, Down syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, neuromuscular disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy, ataxia, Gaucher disease, headaches, and sleep disorders. The review highlights their application in tracking motor function, seizure activity, and daily movement patterns to gain insights into disease progression and therapeutic response. Although challenges related to population size, compliance, ethics, and regulatory approval remain, wearable technology promises to improve clinical trials and outcomes for patients in paediatric neurology.