bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STEP: toward a semantics-aware framework for monitoring community-scale infrastructure
Authors: Chio Andrew , Peng Jian , Venkatasubramanian Nalini
Published: December 2024

Urban communities rely on built utility infrastructures as critical lifelines that provide essential services such as water, gas, and power, to sustain modern socioeconomic systems. These infrastructures consist of underground and surface-level assets that are operated and geo-distributed over large regions where continuous monitoring for anomalies is required but challenging to implement. This article addresses the problem of deploying heterogeneous Internet of Things sensors in these networks to support future decision-support tasks, for example, anomaly detection, source identification, and mitigation. We use stormwater as a driving use case; these systems are responsible for drainage and flood control, but act as conduits that can carry contaminants to the receiving waters. Challenges toward effective monitoring include the transient and random nature of the pollution incidents, the scarcity of historical data, the complexity of the system, and technological limitations for real-time monitoring. We design a SemanTics-aware sEnsor Placement framework (STEP) to capture pollution incidents using structural, behavioral, and semantic aspects of the infrastructure. We leverage historical data to inform our system with new, credible instances of potential anomalies. Several key topological and empirical network properties are used in proposing candidate deployments that optimize the balance between multiple objectives. We also explore the quality of anomaly representation in the network through new perspectives, and provide techniques to enhance the realism of the anomalies considered in a network. We evaluate STEP on six real-world stormwater networks in Southern California, USA, which shows its efficacy in monitoring areas of interest over other baseline methods.
Vines and MAT-labeled graphs
Authors: Tran Hung Manh , Tran Tan Nhat , Tsujie Shuhei
Published: December 2024

The present paper explores a connection between two concepts arising from different fields of mathematics. The first concept, called vine, is a graphical model for dependent random variables. This concept first appeared in a work of Joe (1994), and the formal definition was given later by Cooke (1997). Vines have nowadays become an active research area whose applications can be found in probability theory and uncertainty analysis. The second concept, called MAT-freeness, is a combinatorial property in the theory of freeness of logarithmic derivation modules of hyperplane arrangements. This concept was first studied by Abe-Barakat-Cuntz-Hoge-Terao (2016), and soon afterwards investigated further by Cuntz-Mücksch (2020).

In the particular case of graphic arrangements, the last two authors (2023) recently proved that the MAT-freeness is completely characterized by the existence of certain edge-labeled graphs, called MAT-labeled graphs. In this paper, we first introduce a poset characterization of a vine. Then we show that, interestingly, there exists an explicit equivalence between the categories of locally regular vines and MAT-labeled graphs. In particular, we obtain an equivalence between the categories of regular vines and MAT-labeled complete graphs.

Several applications will be mentioned to illustrate the interaction between the two concepts. Notably, we give an affirmative answer to a question of Cuntz-Mücksch that MAT-freeness can be characterized by a generalization of the root poset in the case of graphic arrangements.
DEFINABLE HENSELIAN VALUATIONS IN POSITIVE RESIDUE CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: KETELSEN MARGARETE , RAMELLO SIMONE , SZEWCZYK PIOTR
Published: December 2024

We study the question of

$\mathcal {L}_{\mathrm {ring}}$

-definability of non-trivial henselian valuation rings. Building on previous work of Jahnke and Koenigsmann, we provide a characterization of henselian fields that admit a non-trivial definable henselian valuation. In particular, we treat the cases where the canonical henselian valuation has positive residue characteristic, using techniques from the model theory and algebra of tame fields.
Protective role of school climate for impacts of COVID-19 on depressive symptoms and psychotic experiences among adolescents: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , DeVylder Jordan , Yamasaki Syudo , Ando Shuntaro , Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Hosozawa Mariko , Baba Kaori , Niimura Junko , Nakajima Naomi , Usami Satoshi , Kasai Kiyoto , Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Mariko , Nishida Atsushi
Published: December 2024

Background

Schools are central places for adolescent social lives, which is a major factor greatly affecting adolescent mental health; school climate (i.e. quality of the school social environments) can be a proximal social determinant for adolescent mental health. Supportive school environments may serve as a protective factor during crises like COVID-19, which disrupt social lives and worsen adolescent mental health. This is the first study examining whether the pandemic effects differed based on the levels of school climate on depressive symptoms (DS) and psychotic experiences (PEs) among adolescents.

Methods

School climate (score range: 0–28), DS (0–26), and PEs (0–5) were self-reported in a population-based cohort (Tokyo Teen Cohort; N = 3171) at four timepoints (10y, 12y, 14y, and 16y) before and during COVID-19. COVID-19 occurred midway through the 16y survey, allowing us to examine its impact and interaction effect with school climate while accounting for within-person changes over time using mixed-effects models.

Results

Significant interaction effects were found on DS (unstandardized coefficient [B] = −0.166, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.225 to −0.107) and PEs (B = −0.020, 95% CI −0.028 to −0.012). The pandemic effects were not significant for adolescents with high school climate scores (around the 80th percentile or higher), although the pandemic significantly worsened these outcomes among the overall sample.

Conclusions

The negative mental health effects of the pandemic were significantly mitigated among adolescents experiencing a supportive school climate. A positive school climate can protect adolescent mental health during challenging social conditions, such as pandemics.
Hope as a local practice
Authors: Silva Daniel N. , Mariani Letizia , Lee Jerry Won
Published: December 2024

This article discusses communicative strategies enacted by participants of Faveladoc, a documentary-making workshop that the first author attended in 2021. It examines how the participants, who are residents from Rio de Janeiro's Complexo do Alemão favelas, grappled with a shootout that broke out during a meeting. Based on textual analysis and our ongoing dialogue with participants, we unpack their semiotic and rhetorical work of avoiding despair by reorienting knowledge, building socialites, and pursuing resources. They mobilized generic resources (i.e. discursive and listening genres), pragmatic strategies (e.g. collective singling out of the area of risk), and metapragmatic moves (e.g. contextual recourse to humor) to assess security. Through further enacting a distributed embodiment—collective commitments beyond a bounded body—participants facilitated hope as a modality of action. Finally, their recourse to humor in spite of potential danger reflected an enactment of communal care that we call a poetics of hope. (Sociolinguistics of hope, favelas, distributed embodiment, generic resources, humor).
A personal bookshelf of foreign language aptitude publications
Authors: Skehan Peter
Published: December 2024

Like many in the profession, from the United Kingdom certainly, the teaching of English was a second, or more accurately, third career for me. After periods as a clinical psychologist and primary school teacher, the lure of travel took me to France. The need to earn money, the discovery that the choices about how to do this were limited, led to a move into teaching English as a Foreign Language. And, again like many in the profession, there was the slow realisation that I had stumbled into a career, and that language teaching was not to be a temporary interlude in the sun.
Context Matters: Understanding Why Medieval Legislators Chose to Regulate Women's Pregnant Bodies
Authors: Butler Sara M.
Published: December 2024

The article was inspired by Justice Alito's selective and often misleading use of the medieval history of abortion law to justify the overturning of Roe v. Wade. Hoping to offer a corrective view of the larger conversation about abortion during the premodern era, this article hopes to drive home a number of points. First, modern authorities need to acknowledge that the word “abortion” (aborsus) meant something different then than it does now. Second, at its origins, abortion was conceived as a crime against husbands, and thus it falls into a larger body of misogynous law designed to protect men and their heirs from women who exploited their reproductive potential to trick men out of their rightful inheritance. And third, medieval laws against those who provided abortions labeled them as witches or poisoners. Medieval laws about abortion are thus intertwined with fears of the devil and of the woman's body as poison.
Framing Queer Climate Justice
Authors: Feng Jeff L
Published: December 2024

Climate justice movements and scholars have established that marginalized communities, including people of color, Indigenous Peoples, women, and the Global South, are most vulnerable to climate change. Recently, scholars also have established that the climate crisis places LGBTQ+ communities in precarious positions. Yet, we know little about how LGBTQ+ activists practice climate justice and build political bridges between LGBTQ+ and climate justice movements. By analyzing queer climate activism, I find that bridging the US climate and LGBTQ+ movements share three elements: (1) vulnerability and intersectional analysis, (2) survival and resilience, and (3) play. In bridging the movements, activists “queer” climate justice by spatially shifting on what grounds or issues to fight, prefiguring worlds not yet in existence on a larger scale, and reimagining how to perform climate activism.
Clozapine rechallenge following myocarditis: a systematic review of rechallenge cases
Authors: McMahon Laura , Giudice Maddison , Wagner Elias , Hasan Alkomiet , Burrage Matthew K , Amerena John , Fox Cooper , Winckel Karl , Tanzer Timothy , Smith Lesley , Warren Nicola , Siskind Dan , Korman Nicole
Published: December 2024

Introduction and Objectives

Clozapine is the antipsychotic medication with the greatest efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Unfortunately, clozapine is ceased in approximately 0.2% to 8.5% of people due to concerns about clozapine-associated myocarditis (CAM). The opportunity for clozapine rechallenge is important for people with TRS and CAM, due to limited alternative treatments. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal process, monitoring, and dose titration to achieve successful clozapine rechallenge. The study aimed to review the process, monitoring, and dose titration within cases of clozapine rechallenge after CAM, to identify features associated with successful rechallenge.

Methods

A systematic review of clozapine rechallenge cases following CAM was conducted. PubMed, EMBASE, Cinahl, and PsycINFO were searched for cases. Reference lists of retrieved articles and field experts were consulted to identify additional studies.

Results

Forty-five cases were identified that described clozapine rechallenge, 31 of which were successful. Successful rechallenge cases generally used a slower dose titration regime with more frequent monitoring than standard clozapine initiation protocols; however, this data was not always completely recorded within cases. Six cases referred to published rechallenge protocols to guide their rechallenge.

Conclusions

The process, monitoring, and dose titration of clozapine rechallenge are inconsistently reported in the literature. Despite this, 69% of case reports detailed a successful rechallenge post CAM; noting limitations associated with reliance on case data. Ensuring published clozapine rechallenge cases report standardised data, including titration speed and monitoring frequencies, is required to guide the development and validation of guidelines for clozapine rechallenge.
Famine at birth: long-term health effects of the 1974–75 Bangladesh famine
Authors: Eskander Shaikh M. S. U. , Barbier Edward B.
Published: December 2024

We use childhood exposure to disasters as a natural experiment inducing variations in adulthood outcomes. Following the fetal origin hypothesis, we hypothesize that children from households with greater famine exposure will have poorer health outcomes. Employing a unique dataset from Bangladesh, we test this hypothesis for the 1974–75 famine that was largely caused by increased differences between the price of coarse rice and agricultural wages, together with the lack of entitlement to foodgrains for daily wage earners. People from northern regions of Bangladesh were unequally affected by this famine that spanned several months in 1974 and 1975. We find that children surviving the 1974–75 famine have lower health outcomes during their adulthood. Due to the long-lasting effects of such adverse events and their apparent human capital and growth implications, it is important to enact and enforce public policies aimed at ameliorating the immediate harms of such events through helping the poor.
Antisemitismus als Gegenstand der Rechtspsychologie
Authors: Endrass Jérôme , Weber Michael , Cavelti Ladina , Urbaniok Frank , Graf Marc , Rossegger Astrid
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: 80 Jahre nach der Befreiung der Juden aus den Konzentrationslagern und dem Ende der Shoah ist Feindseligkeit gegenüber Jüdinnen und Juden aktuell wie nie zuvor. Dieser Beitrag soll aufzeigen, warum eine vertiefte Auseinandersetzung mit Antisemitismus heute nach wie vor notwendig ist – gesamtgesellschaftlich und aus der Perspektive der Rechtspsychologie. Dafür wird zunächst ein Überblick über zentrale Merkmale und die Geschichte des Judentums und des Zionismus geliefert. Unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen bei der Operationalisierung von Antisemitismus werden diskutiert. Antisemitismus wird zudem in historische und soziale Kontexte eingebettet und die tiefe Verankerung von Judenfeindlichkeit in der Gesellschaft – damals wie heute – herausgearbeitet. Antisemitismus stellt eine Bedrohung für den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt dar und ist ein relevanter Gegenstand der Rechtspsychologie. Aus historischer Sicht erwächst eine besondere ethische Verantwortung im Umgang mit Antisemitismus für die Disziplinen der Psychiatrie und der (Rechts–)‌Psychologie.
Feindselige Einstellungsmuster: Querschnittstudie einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsstichprobe in der Schweiz
Authors: Schnyder Nina , Wrede Natalie , Zick Andreas , und Michael Kiefer , Albrecht Joëlle Ninon
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Feindselige Einstellungen gegenüber religiösen und ethnischen Minoritäten sind weit verbreitet. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, Einstellungsmuster in der Schweizer Bevölkerung empirisch zu identifizieren und zu prüfen, wie diese mit Kontakthäufigkeit zu Minoritäten zusammenhängen. Grundlage ist ein repräsentativer Survey, der im Jahr 2022 durchgeführt wurde ( N = 2 701). Dazu wurden Fragen zu feindseligen Einstellungen gegenüber Jüdinnen und Juden, Musliminnen und Muslimen sowie Schwarzen Menschen gestellt. Befragte mit vergleichbaren Einstellungen wurden mit einer Reihe latenter Klassenanalysen gruppiert. Mittels Bayesian Information Criterion wurde das am besten zu den Daten passende Modell identifiziert. Es fanden sich sechs distinkte Einstellungsgruppen: keine Feindseligkeit, nicht antisemitisch geprägte Kulturangst, antisemitische Feindseligkeit, Fremdenfeindlichkeit, antisemitisch geprägte Kulturangst und unspezifische Feindseligkeit. Mittels multinomialer logistischer Regression konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Kontakthäufigkeit mit der Gruppe nicht antisemitisch geprägte Kulturangst zusammenhängt. Personen mit feindseligen Einstellungen stellen keine homogene Gruppe dar. Antisemitismus und Kulturangst sind bei der Unterscheidung der Gruppen zentral, wobei Antisemitismus ein eigenständiges Phänomen ist.
Antisemitismus und seine Auswirkungen
Authors: Gerth Juliane , Hans David , Hecker Tobias
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Antisemitismus ist eine historisch tief verankerte Form der Feindseligkeit gegenüber Jüdinnen und Juden, die aktuell wieder mit einer stark zunehmenden Gewaltbereitschaft einhergeht. Die erheblichen psychischen Auswirkungen von Antisemitismus sind vielfältig und werden durch wiederholte, häufig mehrdimensionale Diskriminierung und die besonderen Effekte der Hasskriminalität verschärft. Angststörungen, Depressionen und posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen sind Beispiele häufiger Folgen. Als Bewältigungsstrategien neigen viele Jüdinnen und Juden dazu, ihre jüdische Kultur zu verbergen, sich sozial zurückzuziehen oder ihre Identität aufzugeben, um nicht Opfer antisemitischer Vorfälle zu werden. Weil sie sich kontinuierlich mit Vorurteilen konfrontiert sehen, kann sich bei den Betroffenen sogar eine Perspektive der (Mit–)‌Schuld entwickeln – das Gefühl, selbst für die erfahrene Gewalt verantwortlich zu sein, was die Fähigkeit zur Bewältigung der erfahrenen Diskriminierungen zusätzlich erschwert. Ziel des Artikels ist es, einen Einblick in die Prävalenz und die weitreichenden individuellen Auswirkungen von Antisemitismus zu geben und damit zu verdeutlichen, welche Relevanz Antisemitismus in der Gesellschaft hat.
Die forensische Relevanz von Antisemitismus als doppelte Brückenideologie
Authors: Profes Valerie , Dreyer Jana , Weber Michael
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Tradierte judenfeindliche Vorurteile und Verschwörungserzählungen sind in der Mitte der Gesellschaft weit verbreitet. Zudem sind sie Bestandteil der derzeit prominenten extremistischen Ideologien und werden entsprechend von verfassungsfeindlichen Personen und Gruppierungen verbreitet. Antisemitische motivierte Gewalttaten haben in den letzten Jahren zugenommen. Jüdinnen und Juden werden im Vergleich zu anderen Minoritäten häufiger Opfer schwerer Gewalt, insbesondere durch Personen mit extremistischem Hintergrund, aber auch aus der Mitte der Gesellschaft. Der Beitrag beleuchtet aus der Perspektive der Kriminologie und der Rechtspsychologie, wie sich Antisemitismus in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Gruppen auf die Gewaltbereitschaft Einzelner auswirkt. Antisemitismus dient als doppelte Brückenideologie: einerseits als Bindeglied zwischen Angehörigen unterschiedlicher extremistischer Strömungen und andererseits zwischen extremistischen Strömungen und der gesellschaftlichen Mitte. Besonderes Augenmerk kommt dabei antisemitischen Verschwörungserzählungen zu. Sie schüren in der Gesellschaft Feindseligkeit und Hass gegenüber Jüdinnen und Juden und dienen der Legitimation von Gewalt. Zudem sind sie geeignet, unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Gruppen zu mobilisieren und zum Überschreiten der Handlungsschwelle zur Gewalt beizutragen.
Wie wirken sich neurokognitive Beeinträchtigungen von Menschen mit Depression auf die psychotherapeutische Behandlung aus?
Authors: Dehn Lorenz B. , Beckendorf Bianca , Michel Julia , Driessen Martin , Beblo Thomas
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bei Depression kommt es häufig zu eingeschränkten neurokognitiven Leistungen, wie z. B. Gedächtnisproblemen. Diese verschlechtern die Lebensqualität, das Funktionsniveau sowie das Behandlungsergebnis der Betroffenen. Fragestellung: Es soll exploriert werden, inwieweit Psychotherapeut_innen Beeinträchtigungen des Behandlungsgeschehens erleben, die mit neurokognitiven Problemen von depressiv erkrankten Patient-/Klient_innen zusammenhängen. Methode: Für diese deskriptiv-explorative Studie konnten die Antworten von n = 145 Teilnehmenden einer deutschlandweit durchgeführten Online-Umfrage ausgewertet werden. Ergebnisse: Als besonders wichtig für das Therapiegeschehen wurden insbesondere Exekutivfunktionen eingeschätzt. Außerdem sind diverse Beispiele für Auswirkungen auf die Behandlung aus den Bereichen „Vergesslichkeit“ und „Unkonzentriertheit“ benannt worden. Explorative Analysen ergaben darüber hinaus Hinweise auf Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Umgang mit neurokognitiven Beeinträchtigungen und Vorerfahrungen durch Aus- oder Fortbildungen. Schlussfolgerungen: Neurokognitive Beeinträchtigungen von Menschen mit Depression wirken sich negativ auf die psychotherapeutische Behandlung aus. Der Umgang mit neurokognitiven Beeinträchtigungen sollte bereits im Rahmen der Psychotherapieausbildung besprochen und im Praxisalltag stärker berücksichtigt werden.
Psychometric Properties of the Video Game Dependency Scale in Children
Authors: Kewitz Sonja , Leo Katharina , Rehbein Florian , Wartberg Lutz , Lindenberg Katajun
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Background: Interest in the DSM-5 diagnosis of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has grown steadily. Multiple valid screening instruments for IGD exist from adolescence onward. Yet, even children might already be at risk of developing IGD, for which few psychometric scales exist. Objective: This study tests whether it is possible to replicate the psychometric properties of the Video Game Dependency Scale (CSAS) for children. Methods: We collected parent-report data from N = 842 children, aged 8 to 12 years, from a mixed school and clinical sample. We analyzed the data descriptively at total and item levels; we also conducted reliability and factor analyses. Results: In its parental version, the CSAS shows good and comparable psychometric properties for children compared to self-report data from adolescents. 2.7 % of the children fulfill the diagnostic threshold of an IGD. Conclusions: The CSAS reliably assesses IGD symptoms in children aged 8 years and above, thus enabling a lifespan perspective.
Greenland Ice Sheet Elevation Change From CryoSat‐2 and ICESat‐2
Authors: Ravinder Nitin , Shepherd Andrew , Otosaka Inès , Slater Thomas , Muir Alan , Gilbert Lin
Published: December 2024

Although fluctuations in ice sheet surface mass balance lead to seasonal and interannual elevation changes, it is unclear if they are resolved differently by radar and laser satellite altimeters. We compare methods of computing elevation change from CryoSat‐2 and ICESat‐2 over the Greenland Ice Sheet to assess their consistency and to quantify recent change. Solutions exist such that interannual trends in the interior and the ablation zone agree to within −0.2 ± 1.5 and 3.3 ± 6.0 cm/yr, respectively, and that seasonal cycle amplitudes within the ablation zone agree to within 3.5 ± 38.0 cm. The agreement is best in the north where the measurements are relatively dense and worst in the southeast where the terrain is rugged. Using both missions, we estimate Greenland lost 196 ± 37 km3/yr of volume between 2010 and 2022 with an interannual variability of 129 km3/yr.
Equinox Transitions of Thermosphere O/N2 and Meridional Circulation in the Northern Hemisphere as Observed by NASA's GOLD and ICON Missions
Authors: Gan Q. , Qian L. , Pedatella N. M. , Eastes R. W.
Published: December 2024

Leveraging the unique perspective enabled by Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk, we examined the characteristics of equinox transitions in the thermospheric column integrated ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen (O/N2) in the Northern Hemisphere. We found that the timing of the O/N2 equinox transition from winter to summer or vice versa exhibits a progression with latitude, particularly, near spring equinox. The O/N2 equinox transition is far slower during spring compared to fall, leading to a remarkable seasonal asymmetry. Ionospheric Connection Explorer observed a prominent asymmetry in the summer‐to‐winter circulation in the middle to upper thermosphere, implying that the inter‐hemispheric circulation plays a crucial role in the O/N2 equinox transition. Additionally, since the wave‐driven meridional circulation in the lower thermosphere displays a seasonal asymmetry between the northward‐to‐southward and southward‐to‐northward transitions, we would anticipate that the O/N2 equinox transition is also influenced by the lower atmospheric forcing.
Links Between Internal Variability and Forced Climate Feedbacks: The Importance of Patterns of Temperature Variability and Change
Authors: Davis Luke L. B. , Thompson David W. J. , Rugenstein Maria , Birner Thomas
Published: December 2024

Understanding the relationships between internal variability and forced climate feedbacks is key for using observations to constrain future climate change. Here we probe and interpret the differences in these relationships between the climate change projections provided by the CMIP5 and CMIP6 experiment ensembles. We find that internal variability feedbacks better predict forced feedbacks in CMIP6 relative to CMIP5 by over 50%, and that the increased predictability derives primarily from the slow (>20 years) response to climate change. A key novel result is that the increased predictability is consistent with the higher resemblance between the patterns of internal and forced temperature changes in CMIP6, which suggests temperature pattern effects play a key role in predicting forced climate feedbacks. Despite the increased predictability, emergent constraints provided by observed internal variability are weak and largely unchanged from CMIP5 to CMIP6 due to the shortness of the observational record.
Intraseasonal Variability of the Equatorial Ionosphere Responses to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Authors: Zhou Xu , Chen Guiwan , Yue Xinan , Zhang Ruilong , Yoshikawa Akimasa
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the response of the equatorial ionosphere to the tropospheric Madden‐Jullian Oscillation (MJO) using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model‐eXtended (WACCM‐X). Main results indicate that the intraseasonal variability of ionospheric vertical plasma drifts (Viz) is generally strong around boreal winters and exhibits significant eastward‐propagating signals. Composite analysis showed that, during the December‐January‐February‐March (DJFM) season, Viz was generally negative when the MJO was active over the Maritime Continent (Phase 5) and positive when the MJO was active over the Indian Ocean (Phase 2). The magnitude of MJO impact on Viz achieves ∼1.2 m/s, representing roughly 10% of the seasonal mean. The eastward‐propagating wavenumber‐4 is apparently strong during MJO phases 5 and 1–2, which is examined to be associated with non‐migrating tides below. Term analysis revealed the importance of zonal winds on driving the Viz responses. This study emphasizes the importance of tropospheric sources that affect the geospace environment.
Experimental Investigation on the Brittle‐Ductile Transition of Natural Mafic Granulite
Authors: Dang Jiaxiang , Zhou Yongsheng , Dobson David P. , Mitchell Thomas M.
Published: December 2024

Semi‐brittle and plastic deformation behaviors of mafic granulite are significant for evaluating characteristics of ductile zones in the lower crust region and the rheological strength of the lower crust. Axial compression experiments were carried out in this study with natural mafic granulite collected from the North China Craton, using a gas medium apparatus at 950–1,150°C and 300 MPa with strain up to 17%. The samples are composed of 57 vol.% Plagioclase, 19 vol.% Clinopyroxene, 20 vol.% Orthopyroxene, and 4 vol.% magnetite and ilmentite. The mean grain size is 300–700 μm. The bulk structural water content is 891 ± 399 wt ppm. At 950–1,000°C, the samples were brittly broken by scattered cracks and localized fault zones. At 1,050–1,075°C, the samples were deformed by ductile shear zones that broadened with increasing temperature, the deformation behavior is characterized by a steady‐state semi‐brittle creep; mechanic data yield a flow law of . At 1,100–1,150°C, the samples plastically deformed with dislocation creep, and the deformation strength is reduced by recrystallization and partial melting; mechanical data yield a flow law of . The strength profile based on our data implies that North China Craton has a wet and cold continental lower crust. Recrystallization and cataclastic flow involve grain size reduction that can lead to steady‐state ductile behaviors of fault zones.
Orientation Piezometry: Methods for Quantifying Stress From the Compositions and Orientations of Multicomponent Minerals
Authors: Hess Benjamin L. , Ague Jay J.
Published: December 2024

Mineral chemistry records the pressure and temperature conditions of lithospheric processes. Active tectonic margins, however, are subjected to non‐hydrostatic stresses wherein stress magnitudes vary directionally, and the impact of non‐hydrostatic stress on mineral chemistry is uncertain. The work of materials scientists F. Larché and J. Cahn provides a framework for quantifying how stress affects mineral chemistry. Crystallographically and mechanically anisotropic, multicomponent minerals will have different compositions as a function of their orientation under a fixed stress meaning that grain‐to‐grain compositional variation can be used to estimate stress. We develop two “orientation piezometry” methods that use the chemistry and orientations of multicomponent, anisotropic minerals to estimate stress. The first method uses chemistry and orientation (“coupled orientation piezometry”) whereas the second method uses composition alone (“decoupled orientation piezometry”). We apply the methods to clinopyroxene and feldspar solid solutions using synthetic data sets. The first method determines the full stress tensor whereas the second method can only determine the differential stress magnitude unless additional a priori information is specified. Plausible scenarios for orientation piezometry include minerals undergoing diffusion creep, recrystallized grains formed during dislocation creep, and minerals grown statically under stress. Preliminary application of the decoupled piezometer to the famous eclogite facies shear zones on Holsnøy, Norway, suggests differential stresses in the range of 300–900 MPa, broadly consistent with previous estimates from the area. Thus, orientation piezometry techniques may provide valuable constraints on geodynamic processes and insights into long‐standing geological problems such as the relationship between pressure and depth.
Wave Action Conservation, Eliassen‐Palm Flux and Nonacceleration Conditions Within Atmospheres of Variable Composition
Authors: Eckermann Stephen D.
Published: December 2024

The foundational conservation equations of Eliassen and Palm (EP) and Bretherton and Garrett (BG) governing the pseudomomentum and action of waves in geophysical fluids are shown to be approximations that do not hold generally within atmospheres of varying mass composition, such as the Earth's thermosphere and other planetary atmospheres. Standard BG/EP conservation equations assume a fixed connection between mean‐state entropy and pressure that breaks down when composition varies. New entropy‐corrected (EC) forms of these equations are derived that conserve total energy and momentum in atmospheres where composition varies. Three separate and largely independent derivations are presented that all lead to the same EC forms of these equations and their associated diagnostics, such as nonacceleration conditions. Since EC forms present as corrective scaling factors to standard BG/EP equations, existing models and diagnostics are easily generalized. Representative thermospheric calculations reveal that the EC equations remove systematic energy and momentum biases of up to 40% that in turn lead steady conservative waves to grow more rapidly in amplitude with increasing altitude.
The Surgical Dental Anxiety Scale (SDAS)
Authors: Grossman Sanford
Published: December 2024

Dental anxiety is a prevalent issue in society and national surveys show it to be rising. As a result, strain on sedation services continues to grow. To accommodate this, there is a need to streamline services to ensure that patients who have a clinical need for sedation are able to receive it.

The Index of Sedation Need (IOSN) has been developed as a means of distinguishing sedation need from demand, enabling appropriate assessment and selection. NHS England recommends its use and the Getting It Right First Time programme has incorporated it into hospital dentistry pathways for sedation. However, many patients have sedation or require it for dental extractions, yet the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) component of the IOSN does not take this into account. While the MDAS is an effective tool for assessing anxiety of general dental treatment, it is not specialty- or procedure-specific and may underestimate anxiety relating to dental extractions. Consequently, the suitability of its use has been called into question.

This paper explores the need for a procedure-specific dental anxiety scale for use in oral surgery and outlines a proposal for a suitable model: the Surgical Dental Anxiety Scale (SDAS).
Targeting PTGDS Promotes ferroptosis in peripheral T cell lymphoma through regulating HMOX1-mediated iron metabolism
Authors: Hu Shunfeng , Liu Bingyu , Shang Juanjuan , Guo Qianqian , Lu Tiange , Zhou Xiaoli , Zhou Xiangxiang , Wang Xin
Published: December 2024

Background

Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) is characterized by high heterogeneity, strong aggressiveness, and extremely poor prognosis. Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, has been involved in tumor development and targeting ferroptosis holds great potential for tumor therapy.

Methods

Lentiviral transfection was performed to regulate gene expression, followed by Tandem mass tag (TMT)-mass spectrometry and RNA-sequencing. Tumor xenograft models were established for in vivo experiments.

Results

High expression of prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) was closely associated with poor prognosis of PTCL patients. PTGDS knockdown and AT56 treatment significantly inhibited the progression of PTCL through regulating cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and invasion in vitro and in vivo. We further revealed that targeting PTGDS promoted ferroptosis process and enhanced the sensitivity of PTCL cells to ferroptosis inducers Sorafenib in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, PTGDS interacted with heme-degrading enzymes HMOX1, and targeting PTGDS increased the level of iron and induced ferroptosis in PTCL through promoting HMOX1-mediated heme catabolism and ferritin autophagy process. Through the construction of H25A mutation, the specific gene site of HMOX1 corresponding to its role was identified.

Conclusions

Taken together, our findings firstly identified that targeting PTGDS promotes the ferroptosis in PTCL through regulating HMOX1-mediated iron metabolism, and highlighted novel therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of ferroptosis-targeted therapy in PTCL patients.
PI(4,5)P2 alleviates colitis by inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell pyroptosis through NNMT-mediated RBP4 m6A modification
Authors: Yang Qingfan , Diao Na , Ma Fei , Huang Zicheng , Lin Minzhi , Liu Xinyu , Guo Qin , Li Pan , Tang Jian , Gao Xiang , Chao Kang
Published: December 2024

Lipid metabolism disorder is a critical feature of Crohn’s disease (CD). Phosphatidylinositol (PI) and its derivative, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2), are associated with CD. The mechanisms underlying such association remain unknown. In this study, we explored the role played by the major PI derivative, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], in CD pathogenesis. The relationship between CD activity and PI or PIP2 was analyzed via lipidomics. The mucosal expression of PI(4,5)P2 in patients with CD was measured using immunofluorescence. The function and mechanism of PI(4,5)P2 were examined in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Caco-2 cell models, along with MeRIP and mRNA sequencing. The results suggested lipid PI and PIP2 were substantially negatively associated with disease activity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. PI(4,5)P2 was substantially downregulated in the inflamed mucosa of patients with CD. PI(4,5)P2 alleviated mouse colitis, with improvements in survival rate, colon length, weight, and disease activity index. PI(4,5)P2 also alleviated DSS-induced tissue damage, tight junction loss, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) pyroptosis. In the in vitro LPS-induced cell model, PI(4,5)P2 inhibited pyroptosis, as well as NLRP3, and caspase-1 expression, in addition to reducing interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1β, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) secretion. PI(4,5)P2 mediated NNMT upregulation in mice and Caco-2 cells and suppressed pyroptosis in IECs. NNMT knockdown restricted the inhibitory effect of PI(4,5)P2 on IEC pyroptosis. NNMT inhibited the stability of RBP4 mRNA via m6A modification, thereby preventing pyroptosis following PI(4,5)P2 treatment. Significant correlations were also observed between PI(4,5)P2 and NNMT, NNMT and RBP4, and RBP4 and GSDMD expression in the intestinal tissues from patients with CD. Our results indicated that PI(4,5)P2 ameliorates colitis by inhibiting IEC pyroptosis via NNMT-mediated RBP4 m6A modification. Thus, PI(4,5)P2 shows potential as a therapeutic target in CD.
MEG8 as an antagonistic pleiotropic mechanism in breast cancer
Authors: Verdugo-Sivianes Eva M. , Espinosa-Sánchez Asunción , Cases Ildefonso , Rojas Ana M. , Otero-Albiol Daniel , Romero Lourdes , Blanco José Ramón , Carnero Amancio
Published: December 2024

Cellular senescence connects aging and cancer. Cellular senescence is a common program activated by cells in response to various types of stress. During this process, cells lose their proliferative capacity and undergo distinct morphological and metabolic changes. Senescence itself constitutes a tumor suppression mechanism and plays a significant role in organismal aging by promoting chronic inflammation. Additionally, age is one of the major risk factors for developing breast cancer. Therefore, while senescence can suppress tumor development early in life, it can also lead to an aging process that drives the development of age-related pathologies, suggesting an antagonistic pleiotropic effect. In this work, we identified Rian/MEG8 as a potential biomarker connecting aging and breast cancer for the first time. We found that Rian/MEG8 expression decreases with age; however, it is high in mice that age prematurely. We also observed decreased MEG8 expression in breast tumors compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, MEG8 overexpression reduced the proliferative and stemness properties of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo by activating apoptosis. MEG8 could exemplify the antagonistic pleiotropic theory, where senescence is beneficial early in life as a tumor suppression mechanism due to increased MEG8, resulting in fewer breast tumors at an early age. Conversely, this effect could be detrimental later in life due to aging and cancer, when MEG8 is reduced and loses its tumor-suppressive role.
Four cardiomyopathy patients with a heterozygous DSG2 p.Arg119Ter variant
Authors: Sumida Takuya , Ogawa Shou , Higo Shuichiro , Kuramoto Yuki , Eto Ryo , Ikeda Yoshihiko , Sun Congcong , Li Junjun , Liu Li , Tabata Tomoka , Asano Yoshihiro , Shiba Mikio , Akazawa Yasuhiro , Nakamura Daisuke , Oka Takafumi , Ohtani Tomohito , Sakata Yasushi
Published: December 2024

DSG2, encoding desmoglein-2, is one of the causative genes of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. We previously identified a homozygous DSG2 p.Arg119Ter stop-gain variant in a patient with juvenile-onset cardiomyopathy and advanced biventricular heart failure. However, the pathological significance and prevalence of the heterozygous DSG2 p.Arg119Ter variant remains uncertain. Here, we identified four unrelated patients with cardiomyopathy with heterozygous DSG2 p.Arg119Ter variants among 808 patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy; the allele frequency was 0.0037, which is more than 50-fold greater than that reported in the general Japanese population. These patients were clinically diagnosed with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (Pt-1), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) after ventricular septum defect closure surgery (Pt-2), DCM (Pt-3), and end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Pt-4). The patients also exhibited reduced left ventricular contractile function and varying clinical courses. Genetic analysis identified additional possible causative variants, DSG2 p.Arg292Cys in Pt-1 and BAG3 p.His166SerfsTer6 in Pt-3. Immunohistochemical analysis of endomyocardial biopsy samples revealed that the expression of not only desmoglein-2 but also desmoplakin was markedly reduced. Transmission electron microscopy revealed pale and fragmented desmosomes and widened gaps between intercalated discs in the myocardium. A microforce test using human cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) demonstrated reduced contractility in iPSC-CMs carrying a heterozygous truncating variant in DSG2. These data suggest that the DSG2 p.Arg119Ter variant is concealed in patients with cardiomyopathy with heart failure, and desmosome impairment may be a latent exacerbating factor of contractile dysfunction and disease progression.
Optimal pre-train/fine-tune strategies for accurate material property predictions
Authors: Devi Reshma , Butler Keith T. , Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan
Published: December 2024

A pathway to overcome limited data availability in materials science is to use the framework of transfer learning, where a pre-trained (PT) machine learning model (on a larger dataset) can be fine-tuned (FT) on a target (smaller) dataset. We systematically explore the effectiveness of various PT/FT strategies to learn and predict material properties and create generalizable models by PT on multiple properties (MPT) simultaneously. Specifically, we leverage graph neural networks (GNNs) to PT/FT on seven diverse curated materials datasets, with sizes ranging from 941 to 132,752. Besides identifying optimal PT/FT strategies and hyperparameters, we find our pair-wise PT-FT models to consistently outperform models trained from scratch on target datasets. Importantly, our MPT models outperform pair-wise models on several datasets and, more significantly, on a 2D material band gap dataset that is completely out-of-domain. Finally, we expect our PT/FT and MPT frameworks to accelerate materials design and discovery for various applications.
Mechanical signaling through membrane tension induces somal translocation during neuronal migration
Authors: Minegishi Takunori , Hasebe Honami , Aoyama Tomoya , Naruse Keiji , Takahashi Yasufumi , Inagaki Naoyuki
Published: December 2024

Neurons migrate in a saltatory manner by repeating two distinct steps: extension of the leading process and translocation of the cell body. The former step is critical for determining the migratory route in response to extracellular guidance cues. In the latter step, neurons must generate robust forces that translocate the bulky soma against mechanical barriers of the surrounding three-dimensional environment. However, the link between the leading process extension and subsequent somal translocation remains unknown. By using the membrane tension sensor Flipper-TR and scanning ion conductance microscopy, we show that leading process extension increases plasma membrane tension. The tension elevation activated the mechanosensitive ion channel Tmem63b and triggered Ca2+ influx, leading to actomyosin activation at the rear of the cell. Blockade of this signaling pathway disturbed somal translocation, thereby inhibiting neuronal migration in three-dimensional environments. These data suggest that mechanical signaling through plasma membrane tension and mechano-channels links the leading process extension to somal translocation, allowing rapid and saltatory neuronal migration.
A theoretical chemistry approach to vibro-polaritonic chemistry with application to infrared spectroscopy and reaction kinetics
Authors: Fischer Eric W. , Saalfrank Peter
Published: December 2024

The emerging interdisciplinary research field of vibro-polaritonic chemistry exploits the concept of vibrational strong coupling (VSC) to shape chemical reactivity and molecular properties. Vibro-polaritonic chemistry employs optical Fabry–Pérot cavities as a novel light source, which provide access to VSC between confined infrared (IR) radiation modes and molecular (ro)vibrational degrees of freedom. VSC induces the formation of light–matter hybrid states known as vibrational polaritons, which are experimentally characterized by a paradigmatic doublet signature in linear IR spectra. Mechanistically even more intriguing is the experimentally reported observation of VSC-modified ground state chemistry. From a conceptual perspective, vibro-polaritonic chemistry differs from traditional laser-based light–matter interaction scenarios: While the latter commonly rely on a semiclassical approach subject to a classical description of the electromagnetic field, in vibro-polaritonic chemistry the entire light–matter hybrid system is described quantum mechanically. This chapter provides a contemporary overview of vibro-polaritonic chemistry from the perspective of a theoretical chemist. Theoretical concepts extending the common quantum chemical perspective towards molecular interactions with quantized cavity radiation fields are presented in an introductory fashion. Applications to linear IR spectroscopy and reaction kinetics in the VSC regime are illustratively discussed for selected model problems.
Potentiometric Devices for Biomarkers
Authors: Arora Arushi , Yadav KRISHNA K.
Published: December 2024

Potentiometric biosensors facilitate the detection of numerous biologically important substances and aid in the early diagnosis of various health issues. These sensors are crucial components of portable analytical devices used for monitoring biomarkers in the body. They operate using ion-sensitive membranes that create a potential gradient due to differences in the concentration and activity of various ions and antibodies, which are tracked to detect harmful health conditions. Additionally, potentiometric sensors can be integrated with other analytical methods to develop diagnostic tools for the rapid and precise identification of biomarkers, such as those used in cancer diagnosis and the detection of chloride ions in sweat. This chapter discusses the fundamental principles and classification of potentiometric biosensing devices. It also highlights various potentiometric biosensor devices that serve as reliable platforms for biomarker testing.
An Insight into the Journey from Design to Commercialization of Healthcare Sensors
Authors: Mutreja Vishal , Kathuria Deepika , Sareen Shweta , Park Jeongwon , Li Qin
Published: December 2024

The previous chapters discuss the principle and uses of different kinds of transduction and technologies for detecting a range of biomarkers. Each chapter applies specific and individual techniques irrespective of the particular biomarkers. However, this chapter provides an overview of different approaches for specific biomarkers and/or diseases. For instance, various designs of glucose sensors based on different techniques, viz., colorimetric and electrochemical techniques, have been discussed. Similarly, detection strategies for the biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease using other techniques, viz., electrochemical methods (voltammetric, amperometry, and impedimetric), conductometric, and surface plasmon resonance, have been included. Several commercialized detection kits for biomarkers of cancer, glucose, and HCG have also been included. Eventually, concluding remarks are given on such biomarkers. Finally, risk assessment and legal obligations for introducing such devices have been discussed in the present context for future development.