bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chimeras of the Past and Navigation through the Latest Development Conditions, Risks and Opportunities for Managing the Russian Arctic
Authors:   Luzin Institute for Economic Studies — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre ", SKUFYINA Tatyana P. ,   Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences",   (IES KSC RAS), Apatity, Russia, KORCHAK Elena A. , BARANOV Sergey V.
Published: June 2021

The uniqueness of today's social processes triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic determines the lack of insights into the transformation of the socio-economic space of the Russian Arctic. The purpose of this article is to review the past, recent, and future conditions for development and management of the Russian Arctic, considered in the context of the unfolding crisis of a non–economic nature and its conse-quences. The methodological peculiarity of the review is presentation of the phenomenon of the current crisis in the context of interrelated fundamental problems of the development of the Russian Arctic, the new economic reality, which makes it difficult to reliably predict the future. This naturally led to the sub-stantiation of a series of contradictions and difficulties in implementing the declared development goals of the Russian Arctic, that are specifically reflected in the title of the article — "chimeras", which in biology means an organism consisting of genetically heterogeneous cells. A statistical description of the specifics of socio-economic development of the Arctic regions under the COVID-19 pandemic has been carried out in the context of review of the support measures, examination of the economic structure and the corresponding scale of "disconnection" of the regions' economies during the period of isolation and the subsequent recovery. It is revealed that the Arctic regions demonstrate greater economic resilience compared to the overall Russian situation, which is associated not so much with the strengthening of stabilization measures at the federal level with the support of the regional level, but with the fundamental reasons — the relative simplicity of the Arctic extractive economy, higher population incomes, low level of small and medium business development. Navigation on the risks and opportunities of governing the Russian Arctic has been carried out, linking the fundamentals and the practical implications of the study through the traditional rationale for navigating and considering the practice of managing an object, in our case, the Arctic, as well as routing, which is, choosing the path to follow. In particular, it makes a strong case that the pandemic has deepened the problems and risks that are also major management targets for the "precursor" period and creates a new hypothetical risk — the diminishing scale of the Arctic's social and economic development goals, including practices for securing conditions for increased standards of living and quality of life for its people.
Problems and Prospects of Atlantic Salmon Mariculture Development in the Russian Arctic
Authors:   Luzin Institute for Economic Studies — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (IES KSC RAS), Apatity, Russia, VASILYEV Anatoly M. , ALEKSANDROVA Marina A. ,   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2021

The authors present the volume of Atlantic salmon farming in the world and in the Russian Arctic. It shows the reasons that hamper the development of salmonid mariculture in the Russian Arctic: the lack of own planting material adapted to Arctic waters, high-quality fodder, fish diseases and others. Objectives of the article: to show the peculiarities of natural and socio-economic conditions of mariculture development in the Russian Arctic and the impact of Atlantic salmon mariculture on import substitution. Relevance stems from the need to substantiate the sources of import substitution of salmon products. The most important results: the main factors that reduce the economic efficiency of growing and selling products were found; the possible causes of salmon diseases in the Russian Arctic and their impact on production processes were systematized, the possible impact of caged fish farming on the environment and on the population of salmon in the Arctic zone was shown. Practical significance: the article shows the influence of possible escapes of farmed salmon on the socio-economic conditions of the population of the Terskiy coast of the Murmansk region and the White Sea basin. It is proposed to introduce Atlantic GM salmon into the composition of genetically modified products. It is shown that import substitution is fully provided by Atlantic salmon mariculture and the supply of wild salmon from the Far East to the European part of Russia.
Comparative Effectiveness of Riamilovir and Umifenovir for Treating Influenza
Authors: Popov A. F. , Markelova E. V. , Komarova I. A. , Beniova S. N.
Published: June 2021

The present study focuses on the comparative assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of the antiviral drugs riamilovir and umifenovir in the treatment of patients diagnosed with influenza. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety, as well as the incidence of complications, of the use of antiviral drugs riamilovir and umifenovir and the use of only symptomatic therapy in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of influenza. All patients were hospitalized at the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2 in Vladivostok. The study included 150 patients, who were divided into 3 groups (50 patients in each group), comparable in gender, age, and admission to the hospital. Patients of the first group received riamilovir, the second group received uminofenovir, patients of the third group received only symptomatic therapy (control group). The duration of clinical manifestations of the disease, hematological disorders, as well as the content of cytokines TNF-α and IL-10 in blood serum were assessed. The incidence of complications in each group was taken into account. As a result of the study, it was found that the inclusion of the antiviral drugs riamilovir and umifenovir in the therapy of influenza decreases the amount of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α after 5 days of treatment; and in case of symptomatic therapy its level significantly exceeded the reference values. The level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 on the 5th day of treatment in the main group was three times lower than in the control group. Thus, riamilovir and umifenovir effectively relieve the main symptoms of the disease, reduce the incidence of complications, and reduce the severity of the inflammatory response by the 5th day of treatment.
Rationale for a New Outpatient Drug Therapy Algorithm in COVID-19 Patients Based on the Principle of «Multi-hit» Approach
Authors: Zykov K. A. , Sinitsyn E. A. , Rvacheva A. V. , Bogatyreva A. O. , Zykova A. A. , Shapovalenko T. V.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the work was to justify the algorithm of outpatient drug therapy in patients with COVID-19, based on the principle of «Multi-hit» Approach. The algorithm is based on the published results of clinical studies and observations, authors’ own practical experience in the use and management of more than 4 thousand patients diagnosed with COVID-19 of varying severity during the 2020 pandemic. The article substantiates a complex algorithm for the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19, which includes etiotropic, pathogenetic, and symptomatic components of therapy with different mechanisms of action. The described approach is the 1st stage (outpatient) of a complex algorithm for managing patients with COVID-19. It has been successfully implemented in the system of outpatient care for patients with novel coronavirus infections in several leading medical institutions in Russia. The authors believe that the developed algorithm for providing outpatient drug therapy for COVID-19, based on the principle of multiple exposure, may be useful in real clinical practice of managing patients with coronavirus infection.
A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Effect of Phototherapy with Aluminum Foil Reflector on Level of Bilirubin among Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia in Selected Hospital in Panipat, Haryana
Authors: Gunjan  , Sharma Nidhi
Published: June 2021

Background & Objectives: The study aim to assess the effect of phototherapy with aluminum foil reflectoron level of bilirubin among neonates with hyperbilirubinemia in selected hospital in Panipat, Haryana.Materials & Methods: The methodology of the present study was a Qusi-experimental research design.Sample size of the study was 60 (i.e. 30 each for experimental and control group) neonates selected withconvenient sampling technique. Standardized tool (i.e. Kramer scale) with baseline characteristics was usedfor data collection. Data analysis was done to with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results:The study findings reveal with regard to mean of baseline characteristics in experimental group the mean± S.D. of pretest value is 12.97 ±1.732. But in post test the mean ±S.D. value is 17.30 &1.119. The Dfvalue is 29 and t value is 12.868 and the result is significant. In control group the mean ±S.D. of pre-testvalue is 12.300 & 1.418.but in posttest the mean ±S.D. value is 16.43 & 1.654. The Df value is 29 and tvalue is 14.628 and result is significant. In Kramer scale of experimental group the mean ±S.D. of pretestvalue is 8.83 & 2.086. But in post test the mean ±S.D. value is 1.87 & 1.306. The Df value is 29 and tvalue is 18.094 and the result is significant. In control group the mean ±S.D. of pre-test value is 7.867 &2.030. But in posttest the mean ±S.D. value is 1.10 & 0.548. The Df value is 29 and t value is 16.907 andresult is significant. Hence, phototherapy with aluminum foil reflector was effective on level of bilirubinamong neonates there was statically significant association between pre-test and post test level of knowledgeof sample with socio-demographic variables like gender etc. Conclusion: The study concluded that thephototherapy with aluminum foil reflector was effective on level of bilirubin among neonates.
Enablers and Barriers of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) Participation among Nurses and Midwives
Authors: Haji Mustapa Masni Binti , Teo Yan Choo , Haji-Abdul-Rahman Hajah-Kamariah , Abdul-Mumin Khadizah H. , Rahman Hanif Abdul
Published: June 2021

Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is crucial in healthcare professions that facilitate andembrace life-long learning, ensuring knowledge and skills to be constantly progressive and responsive todynamic health care demand. This study investigate the enablers and barriers of Continuing ProfessionalDevelopment participations among nurses and midwives in Brunei Darussalam. A cross-sectional studyusing self-administered online survey through Qualtrics software were conducted on all eligible nurses andmidwives (N=604) working at all public hospitals and Health Centers in Brunei Darussalam. Availabilityof CPD sessions with attractive topics (90.6%); support from the nurse/midwife managers (87.9%) and easeof CPD registration (83.9%) was highly identified as enablers. Female and younger participants reportedsignificantly higher support to undertake CPD. Barriers to CPD participation included last minutes changesto work schedules (89.4%); understaffing (83.1%); role as carer at home (78%); shift work (74.8%) and CPDaffect time outside work (70%). The study results can be used for developing strategies and framework toimprove CPD participation. Specific CPD hours was required for maintenance of registration as nurse, hencefuture study may consider the relationship of CPD and competency skills.
Education Shift During COVID-19: Students’ Satisfaction with Emergency Distance Learning
Authors: Sharma Muna , Adhikari Tulashi , Bhattarai Tilarupa , Tulza K.C
Published: June 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic, a global issue, enforced education system to shift with distance learningmode. This study assessed students’ satisfaction with emergency distance learning.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done among 200 nursing students studying in five nursing campusesof Tribhuvan University. To collect data, questionnaires containing 28 statements measuring students’satisfaction with online learning on a five-point scale was used. The electronic link of the questionnaire wasshared to the participants via their emails, vibers and messengers. Descriptive analysis of data was doneusing SPSS software.Finding and Conclusion: Distance learning classes were taken through Zoom, Microsoft team, email, viberand messenger. Only 49% students were enjoying online platform applications and >90% of them felt needfor training regarding use of technology for distance learning. The learning environment was comfortablefor >2/3rd of the students, 74.5% were satisfied with the instructor’s encouragement for active learning and>1/3rd had issues with the instructor’s pace of punctuality. The classes were interrupted due to technologicalerror. The internet charges were expensive and students refused practical classes through distance learningmode.
Effect of Fetal Movement Count Training (FMCT) on Prenatal Bonding and Maternal Anxiety among Primigravida Women
Authors: Mohapatra Sushruta , B. Gomathi  , Nayak Debajani
Published: June 2021

Background: Fetal movements can have positive effects on maternal-fetalattachment beforebirth, because the fetusis more tangible with the mother after movement. Daily fetal movementcounting is a simple and non-invasive method that can be carried out by the mother in order to improve thematernal fetal attachment and toreduce the maternal anxiety for the better pregnancy outcome.Objectives: The main objective of the study was to assess the effect of fetal movement count training onprenatal bonding and maternal anxiety among primigravida.Methods: Quantitative approach with true experimental research design was adopted. Total 173 pregnantwomen were selected for the study using purposive sampling technique. Subjects were randomly assignedin to the experimental (n=87) and control group (n=86). Fetal movement count training was given toexperimental group. The training includes both instructions and demonstration on fetal movement count.Booklet contain the steps of fetal movement count and 28 days counting chart was provided to the pregnantwomen to make the them adhere to the count.The tools used to collect the data were as follows: (1)Demographic questionnaire, (2) Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale and (3) Self structured Anxiety Scale.Baseline assessment was done on the 1stday and the training was implemented on the same day. Motherswere followed through phone calls. Post-assessment was done after 28days. The data wereanalysed usingdescriptive and inferential statistics.Result: The mean post-test prenatal bonding score in experimental group is 81.90±5.969 and in controlgroup is 77.57±7.459 which shows the significant difference in prenatal bonding score between both thegroups (t = 4.215 p = 0.00002). The mean post-test maternal anxiety score is prenatal bonding score inexperimental group is 34.69±6.719 and in control group is 35.17±6.809 which is not showing any significantdifference between both the groups (t = 0.471 p = 0.3191). There was a moderately negative correlationfound between pre-test prenatal bonding and maternal anxiety score as evidenced by r= -0.277 at p=0.0002which was statistically significant.Conclusion: Thus, the training regarding fetal movement count was effective in improving prenatal bondingand reducing maternal anxiety among primigravida.
Awareness of Occupational Therapy among Post-Graduate Resident Doctors and Speciality Medical Officers in Tertiary Healthcare Centre
Authors: Kasar Usha U. , Talankar Tejal P , Shah Palak V , Surya Musaib I , Shelke Sukanya E , Shah Shreya S
Published: June 2021

Occupational Therapy (OT) is an essential speciality in healthcare system that aims to maximize people’sfunctional abilities and performance. Knowledge about OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY among healthcareprofessionals is essential for the delivery of quality care services. Since Occupational Therapy is not awell understood profession, this survey represents assessment of awareness of Occupational Therapyamong Post Graduate Residents (PG) and Speciality Medical Officer (SMO) in a tertiary health carecenter in Mumbai. In this survey there were 145 participants from various specialties and who haveOccupational Therapy as a part of patient management team in the hospital. All participants completed aquestionnaire regarding awareness and knowledge of Occupational Therapy containing 16 questions. Theresults revealed that 78.55% had distinctive awareness about Occupational Therapy, 18.75% had average& 2.7% had poor awareness of Occupational Therapy. Maximum awareness was found in departmentsof General Medicine&Psychiatry (79%), while poor awareness was found in department of Obstetrics &Gynecology (51%). The preliminary findings suggest that Most participants perceived that OccupationalTherapy domain of practice only includes orthopaedics, mental health, hand rehabilitation and adult andpaediatric neurology while overlooking the areas of wellness and gerontology. Such a result reflects lackof communication channels between Occupational Therapists and other healthcare professionals which canrestrict interdisciplinary work. Therefore, more interprofessional interactions and collaborative activitiesneeds to be incorporated within the curriculum and placements of all healthcare professionals.
Efficacy of Three Directional Capsular Stretching Versus Angular Joint Mobilization in Patients with Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Noureen Rabia , Shaikh Hajra Ameer , Amir Muhammad , Waheed Nida , Nawaz Sumaira
Published: June 2021

Background: The evidence regarding efficacy of the new concept of Angular Joint Mobilization technique(AJM) is scare hence this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of AJM versus three dimensionalCapsular Stretching exercises (CS) in reducing shoulder pain, functional limitations, shoulder disability andin improving ROM of FS survivors.Methodology: A randomized controlled, parallel group design study was conducted on FS patients.Participants with the history of FS and aged 35 to 60 years were included however subjects with glenohumeralarthritis, trauma, infection or congenital abnormality of shoulder were excluded. Four outcome measureswere assessed including Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Shoulder Pain andDisability Index (SPADI) and goniometer. 50 volunteers were equally divided into AJM and CS group.Result: The mean comparison of post NPRS in AJM group was 3.4 and in CS group was 4.4, SST score inAJM was 10.4 and CS was 9.4, SPDAI and ROM in all the direction showed significant improvement inAJM as compared to CS group at p-value <0.05.Conclusion: AJM is significantly more effective in reducing shoulder pain, functional limitations andshoulder disability, also in improving ROM of FS patients as compared to CS.
The limited reach of surprise: Evidence against effects of surprise on memory for preceding elements of an event
Authors: Ben-Yakov Aya , Smith Verity , Henson Richard
Published: June 2021

When reflecting on the past, some of our strongest memories are for experiences that took us by surprise. Extensive research has backed this intuition that we are more likely to remember surprising moments than mundane ones. But what about the moments leading up to the surprise? Are we more likely to remember those as well? While surprise is a well-established modulator of memory, it is unknown whether memory for the entire event will be enhanced, or only for the surprising occurrence itself. We developed a novel paradigm utilising stop-motion films, depicting of a sequence of narrative events, in which specific occurrences could be replaced with surprising ones, while keeping the rest of the film unaltered. Using this design, we tested whether surprise exerts retroactive effects on memory, and specifically whether any potential effect would be confined to elements in the same event as the surprising occurrence. In a large cohort of participants (n = 340), we found strong evidence that surprise did not retroactively modulate memory, neither when participants were tested immediately after study nor when they were tested 24 hours later. We suggest two possible accounts for these findings: (1) that the components of an event are encoded as independent episodic elements (not as a cohesive unit), or (2) that surprise segments experience, sectioning off the preceding elements as a separate event.
Challenging response latencies in faking detection: The case of few items and no warnings
Authors: Röhner Jessica , Holden Ronald R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Faking detection is an ongoing challenge in psychological assessment. A notable approach for detecting fakers involves the inspection of response latencies and is based on the congruence model of faking. According to this model, respondents who fake good will provide favorable responses (i.e., congruent answers) faster than they provide unfavorable (i.e., incongruent) responses. Although the model has been validated in various experimental faking studies, to date, research supporting the congruence model has focused on scales with large numbers of items. Furthermore, in this previous research, fakers have usually been warned that faking could be detected. In view of the trend to use increasingly shorter scales in assessment, it becomes important to investigate whether the congruence model also applies to self-report measures with small numbers of items. In addition, it is unclear whether warning participants about faking detection is necessary for a successful application of the congruence model. To address these issues, we reanalyzed data sets of two studies that investigated faking good and faking bad on extraversion (n = 255) and need for cognition (n = 146) scales. Reanalyses demonstrated that having only a few items per scale and not warning participants represent a challenge for the congruence model. The congruence model of faking was only partly confirmed under such conditions. Although faking good on extraversion was associated with the expected longer latencies for incongruent answers, all other conditions remained nonsignificant. Thus, properties of the measurement and properties of the procedure affect the successful application of the congruence model.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Melalui Model Pembelajaran Guided Inquiry Berbasis Riset Berbantuan Media WhatsApp
Authors: Siti Nur Annisa  , Setiono  , Aa Juhanda
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik SMP pada pembelajaran daring setelah penerapan model guided inquiry berbasis riset berbentuan media whtasApp pada materi interkasi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungan. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII dari salah satu SMP di kabupaten Sukabumi dengan sample 33 orang peserta didik yang terdiri dari 15 perempuan dan 18 laki- laki. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre experimental design. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah one-group pretest posttest design dengan teknik pengambilan sampel Purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal tes kemampuan berpikir kritis berupa pilihan ganda sebanyak 23 soal dengan 5 indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis yaitu  1) Memberi penjelasan, 2) Membangun keterampilan dasar, 3) Menyimpulkan, 4) Membuat penjelasan lanjut, 5) Strategi dan taktik. Data hasil penelitian menunjukan pembelajaran menggunakan model guided inquiry berbasis riset berbantuan media whatsApp dapat melatihkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang terlihat dari adanya peningkatan dari hasil pretest dan postets yang menunjukkan kategori cukup, baik dan sangat baik dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada indikator 1 yaitu memberi penjelasan sederhana sebesar 87% pada indikator 2 yaitu membangun keterampilan dasar sebesar 76%, indikator 3 yaitu menyimpulkan 86%, indikator 4 memberi penjelasan lanjut sebesar 65%, dan indikator 5 yaitu strategi dan taktik sebesar 81%. Rata- rata persentase ketercapaian kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik yaitu 79%, Serta kemampuan berpikir kritis yang dicapai peserta didik laki- laki lebih unggul dari perempuan. Hal ini menunjukan dalam pembelajaran daring IPA pada materi interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungan menggunakan model pembelajaran guided inquiry berbasis riset berbantuan media whatsApp dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dan berguna untuk keberlangsungan proses pembelajaran.
THE EFFECT OF PROACTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR ON ENTREPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Saihood Ahmed Qasim , Al-Jader Dr Suhair Adel
Published: June 2021

The current research problem is determined by answering the question related to the awareness of the Public Company for Agricultural Supplies in In dependence Proactive work behavior as an approved variable represented by its three dimensions (employee voice, personal initiative, Taking charge) and its impact on entrepreneurial performance as a dependent variable in its four dimensions (organizational innovation, strategic renewal Venturing), using of descriptive and analytical research. for The identification of the extent of the relationship of proactive work behavior in the entrepreneurial performance in correlation and influence, two main hypotheses were formulated, and the questionnaire was adopted as a tool in collecting data and information related to research, as it was prepared based on a number of approved measures and was subjected to measures of validity and reliability It was distributed to a sample of (122) employees of the Public Company for Agricultural Supplies, and to analyze the data, the ready-made statistical program (SPSS) was used, The statistical methods revealed the existence of a correlation and influence between the proactive work behavior and the entrepreneurial performance.
ESTIMATING STOCK RETURNS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS: AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WITH AN EVIDENCE FROM IRAQ STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Adnan Mohammed H , Isma’eel Mustafa Muneer
Published: June 2021

The research aims to estimate stock returns using artificial neural networks and to test the performance of the Error Back Propagation network, for its effectiveness and accuracy in predicting the returns of stocks and their potential in the field of financial markets and to rationalize investor decisions. A sample of companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange was selected with (38) stock for a time series spanning (120) months for the years (2010_2019). The research found that there is a weakness in the network of Error Back Propagation training and the identification of data patterns of stock returns as individual inputs feeding the network due to the high fluctuation in the rates of returns leads to variation in proportions and in different directions, negatively and positively.
Pragmatic Markers in English and Arabic Religious Speeches: A Contrastive Study
Authors: Adwan Omar Raad , Jameel Prof Dr Addulkarim Fadhil
Published: June 2021

This paper attempt to approach PMs from pragma-discoursal view and conducts a contrastive analytical study in selected English and Arabic religious speeches; more specifically selected religious speeches of Imam Ali (PBUH) as representative of Standard Arabic language and Prophet Al-Maseh Ibn Maryam (PBUH) as representative of Standard English language. Supposedly, PMs are considerably adopted in any language according to Fraser (2005) ‘‘there is a class of lexical expressions in every language called pragmatic markers’’ (cited in Fischer, 2006:189). Notably, there is no consensus on the term PMs as linguistic and paralinguistic particles; hence many researchers have labelled those particles as discourse markers, connectives, and pragmatic markers …etc. Mainly, those linguistic tools signal a relationship of elaboration, contrast, inference or temporality between adjacent messages. Fraser (2005:8) claims that they may appear in five syntactic categories: coordinate conjunction, subordinate conjunction, preposition, prepositional phrase and adverb. This study discusses the quali-quanti results after examining Fraser (2005) model applicability on the aforementioned selected religious speeches by Imam Ali (PBUH) and Prophet Al-Maseh Ibn Maryam (PBUH).
Die Apposition im Deutschen Und im Arabischen
Authors: Al-Sumaidaey Fadhel Saleh Miklif Ali
Published: June 2021

This research deals with an important grammatical topic in the German language and the
Arabic language, namely the apposition. The purpose of this research is to give students a
clear idea of the two mentioned languages about the issue of the apposition and its types in
the German and Arabic languages. The first part of the research was devoted to the apposition
in the German language and everything related to this topic, and the second part of the
research was devoted to the apposition in the Arabic language and everything related to that.
As for the third part of the research, it is devoted to the results and the most important
judgments related to the subject of the apposition in these two languages. In addition, this
research contains an introduction to an index of what it contains. This research also contains
an index of German and Arab sources.
LEVERAGING THE MACHINE LEARNING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF SAFEGUARDS FOR CYBER SECURITY
Authors: Tangri Deeya
Published: June 2021

Considering that the volume of messages overall is 269billion messages each day and that 49.7% of it is spam,
messages from fraudsters. These cybercriminals expect to "phish" for by and by touchy data from their casualties or
contaminate their PCs with infections or malevolent substance for unlawful monetary profits. This article, hence,
clarifies the various ways these online tricks are sustained and presents a few examinations and counter-assault
methodology recommendations by AI specialists to handle the issue of spam filtering. This paper reports diverse
examination plans and arrangements proposed utilizing AI predictions, going from methods dependent on text
classification to systems that analyze email content with attached pictures. The viability and proficiency of these AI
apparatuses were found and examined. Taking everything into account, further examination of spam separating
devices dependent on AI calculations was supported as cybercriminals ceaselessly developed new techniques that
compromise and misuse these frameworks to stay away from spam channels.
Acalasia Cardia en un lactante de 5 meses. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Chanis Águila Ricardo , Pérez Victor
Published: June 2021

La acalasia es un trastorno neuromuscular de etiología desconocida que afecta el esófago y la unión esofagogástrica. Se caracteriza por aperistalsis del cuerpo del esófago y la falta de relajación del esfínter esofágico inferior. Es inusual en la infancia y extremadamente raro en lactantes. Presentamos el informe de dos lactantes de 5 meses y un año respectivamente que ingresaron ambos para estudio por cuadro de vómitos de contenido alimentario en forma progresiva. El diagnóstico se confirmó en el esofagograma y la rareza de los casos es que se pudo confirmar a través de la manometría de alta resolución (MAR) procedimiento difícil de realizar en estas edades y muy poco reportado en la literatura
Eficacia de la Cánula Nasal de Alto Flujo en patologías respiratorias
Authors: Caparo Elizabeth , De Antonio Rodrigo , Dutari José , Alvarado Manuel , Díaz Virginia , Donato Marco , Vernaza Vanessa , Flores Rosa , Roberts Samuel , Muñoz Osmaldo , Almela Caballero Nadia
Published: June 2021

Introducción: En la edad pediátrica hay factores predisponentes importantes que hacen a los niños ser más vulnerables a presentar insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA).

Objetivo: Demostrar los beneficios del uso de la cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) en pacientes menores de 5 años con IRA secundaria a enfermedades respiratorias y admitidos a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). 

Sujetos y Métodos: Estudio analítico observacional de cohortes mixtas, donde una cohorte esta formada por un grupo expuesto a la CNAF evaluada de manera prospectiva, mientras se comparo con una cohorte histórica.  

Resultados: 138 pacientes fueron admitidos al estudio de los cuales 69 fueron casos manejados con CNAF y 69 fueron controles que no estuvieron expuestos al uso de la CNAF pero sí a otros modos de ventilación mecánica invasiva. Los días de oxigenoterapia fueron estadísticamente menores en el grupo de casos de 13 (DE 8.01) días a 22 (DE 20.7) días en el grupo control (P = <0.05). Al igual los días de UCIP y los días totales de hospitalización fueron menores en el grupo manejado con CNAF (P = 0.011 y P = 0.001, respectivamente), con una media de tiempo de 10 (DE 7.8) días en UCIP y 17 (DE 9.25) días intrahospitalarios para el grupo de casos versus 14 (DE 10.1) días en UCIP y 28 (DE 23.9) días intrahospitalarios para el grupo control.

Conclusión: La CNAF es un método de soporte respiratorio no invasivo, efectivo y fácil de usar en la población pediátrica con IRA secundario a diversas patologías respiratorias.
Por el medioambiente. Tomemos acciones ahora
Authors: Diaz Atencio Virginia
Published: June 2021

La crisis climática es una enorme amenaza para la salud humana. La evidencia que el cambio climático está ocurriendo es abrumadora, impulsado por actividades humanas que aumentan los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera. Los inhaladores de dosis medidas presurizados utilizaban propulsores de clorofluorocarbonos. Los propulsores de clorofluorocarbonos fueron prohibidos debido a su gran impacto en el agotamiento de la capa de ozono. El protocolo de Montreal, introducido para proteger la capa de ozono, estableció una eliminación planificada de los clorofluorocarbonos, reemplazándolos con los hidrofluorocarbonos que ahora se utilizan en los inhaladores de dosis medidas presurizados. Si bien los hidrofluorocarbonos no agotan la capa de ozono, son potentes gases de efecto invernadero tienen un potencial de calentamiento global muchas veces mayor que el del dióxido de carbono. El sector de la salud es un contribuyente significativo a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a nivel mundial. Los aumentos de la temperatura global ya están teniendo un impacto significativo en nuestro clima. La lucha contra el cambio climático se ha descrito como la mayor oportunidad de salud pública del siglo XXI. Para reducir el impacto de los inhaladores en el cambio climático, hay varias opciones disponibles, incluidas el reciclaje de los inhaladores, el uso de dispositivos alternativos, reducir la cantidad del propulsor por dosis o usar un propulsor con un potencial de calentamiento global menor. Los profesionales sanitarios tenemos el deber de proteger y promover la salud de los pacientes y emprender acciones para disminuir los peores efectos del cambio climático. Se deben hacer todos los esfuerzos posibles para minimizar la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero si queremos proteger a las generaciones actuales y futuras.
De otras revistas y comunicaciones
Authors: Estripeaut Dora
Published: June 2021

Investigadores de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Cambridge, Inglaterra, nos presentan este estudio sobre la importancia del juego y como su ausencia ha impactado a los niños.
Considerando que el juego, forma parte importante del desarrollo de la infancia y también puede ser parte de la salud integral en los tiempos de crisis, este grupo realizó una revisión de 15 estudios relacionados con el impacto de la cuarentena, el aislamiento y otros entornos restrictivos en el juego y si el juego mitiga los efectos adversos de tales restricciones.  Los datos evaluados fueron: acceso al juego, frecuencia del juego, juego como medio de expresión, juego y conectividad social, juego para promover el afrontamiento y juego para el desarrollo de habilidades. Se identificaron barreras para jugar, como espacios inseguros, escasez de juguetes, falta de interacción con otros niños y falta de tiempo al aire libre, y los informes indicaron que la disminución de las oportunidades de juego se asociaba con la inactividad y el aburrimiento entre los niños.
 
Con respecto a la oportunidad del juego de mitigar los impactos negativos de la restricción, se identificaron 10 estudios relevantes, cinco de estos, consideraron el juego como un medio de expresión y el juego para promover el afrontamiento, destacando las formas en que el juego puede ayudar a los niños a expresarse y soportar desafíos cuando se enfrentan a situaciones restrictivas. Las actividades creativas y artísticas ocuparon un lugar destacado en los estudios en relación a los efectos de mitigación. Se ha descrito en la literatura que las actividades creativas o expresivas utilizadas en entornos terapéuticos y de aula brindan a los niños oportunidades para comunicar relatos personales, interactuar con otros y expresar sus emociones.  Mencionan que, en revisiones realizadas entre niños refugiados y solicitantes de asilo, sugieren que estas intervenciones basadas en artes creativas pueden ayudar a reducir los problemas emocionales y de relaciones interpersonales, así como el estrés postraumático y los síntomas de depresión, también mejoran el bienestar y la autoestima.  
En conclusión, esta revisión nos indica que el juego ayuda a los niños a soportar el aislamiento, pero mencionan que se requiere mayor evaluación sobre como el juego puede ser una intervención para mitigar los impactos de la restricción.
Domestic Violence and Divorce in Sherlock Holmes Stories
Authors: ÖZTEKİN Sercan
Published: June 2021

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle has been criticized for opposing to women’s suffrage in the early twentieth century and endorsing gender stereotypes in his works. However, his views on women’s rights were contradictory due to his campaign to reform British divorce laws which were unequal for men and women. Along with obvious references to Victorian legal system and social hierarchy, he displays family, marriage, and gender stereotypes as significant subjects in some of his Sherlock Holmes stories. He draws attention to the social and legal status of women in marriages, and the severity of laws about domestic violence and divorce. This paper aims to propose a different approach to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s views on these laws and women’s rights. With its focus on the issues of divorce and violence against women in some Sherlock Holmes stories, it discusses how Doyle mirrors his defence on reform of divorce laws and women’s rights, especially in marriages.
Post-COVID Rooftop Activation: An Educational Paradigm for Urban Design Schools in Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Ghani Taher , Zaki Hana
Published: June 2021

The rooftop is a vivid spatial culture in Egyptian cities and an integral part of the urban fabric, yet it has not been integrated within the urban design educational aspect. This paper aims to highlight the importance of facilitating rooftop activation in architecture and urbanism studios, stressing the vital role of rooftops as a spatial prophylactic design in the post-pandemic city. The paper embraces an exploratory approach through which the reader gains a theoretical insight into the nature of urban design education in Egyptian schools. It adopts Nikos Salingaros’ concept of living patterns, i.e. creating socio-geometric design patterns to establish a healthy environment. The findings propose a novel design theory, prophylaxis, which can be facilitated in design studios to address post-pandemic cities. Additionally, they reveal the expected role of architects and urbanists in tackling inequalities in designing spaces.
Urban Public Space in The Context of a New Era, Case of Annaba City-Algeria
Authors: Mouni Bachtarzi Rym , Alkama Djamel , Salah-Salah Hana
Published: June 2021

Urban public space is an essential element of the urban environment that contributes to the quality of urban life called to create a certain dynamic, places of life, places of meeting, of use, of conviviality, and of social cohesion, providing multiple environmental and health benefits. This urban space can become even more critical in times of crisis such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, where citizens face increased health and economic stress. As part of our study, we conducted questionnaire surveys during the period in which restrictive measures were imposed in response to the pandemic in Annaba city- Algeria, which has many public urban spaces (gardens, green spaces, squares…), these surveys were intended for users on their attendance and their perception of these spaces since the onset of this pandemic COVID-19, and the challenges they see for the future. Therefore, the findings of our study demonstrated the footprint of COVID-19 on urban spaces and their frequentation, as well as preventive measures in order to gain insight into urban planning and conception.
The Study of the Use and Application of Design-Build Contracts and Build-OperateTransfer Contracts in Construction Sector of Turkey
Authors: Sarbaz Abdulhameed AL-DABBAGH Zainab , GELİŞEN Gökhan
Published: June 2021

Design-Build (DB) and Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contracts are the two types of public-private-partnerships that are widely used in the region that are aimed in this study. The objectives of this study were to analyze and compare DB and BOT projects in terms of project costs and durations. In order to analyze and compare Design-Build (DB) and BuildOperate-Transfer (BOT) projects, this study collected data by means of convenient random sampling, from construction projects built by five ministries of Republic of Turkey. Statistical tests were conducted to determine if the metrics related to cost and schedule were significantly different from each other in these two types of projects. The findings of this study will help the public agencies decide what delivery method is best for their projects in terms of controlling costs and schedule. Results show that DB projects outperform BOT projects in terms of cost and schedule. The results of this research will enable governments to become more familiar with comparisons between DB and BOT distribution methods, and the findings will help the ministries to choose swhich delivery method is suitable for use on a projectbased.
Statistical Distributions of Precipitation Data in Antalya, Turkey
Authors: Burgan Halil Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

The estimation of precipitation data is very important while designing buildings in cities. Because of fast response of rainfall-runoff in urban areas, the stormwater infrastructure systems are developed. Especially in flood prone areas which have flash flood risks, the total precipitation, its return period and its duration should be known. For this aim, statistical distributions of long-term observed precipitation data can be determined. In this study, Antalya district which is near the Mediterranean Sea is selected as study area. The city is very crowded touristic place with more than 2.5 million local people. Antalya is one of the warmest regions in Turkey with an average daily high temperature of 25 degrees centigrade. In 6 months, the average temperatures are over 25 degrees. In the study, the best statistical distributions of precipitation data from the gauging stations near Antalya are investigated. KolmogorovSmirnov test is applied to select the best statistical distribution.
Measuring Housing Affordability Using Residual Income Method for Million-plus Cities in India
Authors: Rao Prabhat Kumar , Biswas Arindam
Published: June 2021

Housing affordability is an ever-growing concern in rapidly urbanizing countries like India. The need for affordable housing can hardly be overemphasis in India. Government has many policies and programs running for fulfilling the requirement. But it is essential to define affordability standards for the success of any such policies and programs. The Ratio Method, which is currently used as the base for determining affordable housing, doesn’t have the flexibility to match the varied scale and standards across Indian cities. This paper is based on Michel E stone’s residual income’ method to measure housing affordability for India’s million-plus city. It gives a new approach for measuring housing affordability based on the minimum living cost for survival. It uses Poverty Line data (2014) and NSSO economic survey data (2012) for defining the minimum standard of living in the city. Stakeholders can use the city-specific measurement for affordable housing generated from this paper in affordable housing policies and programs.
Vernacular: Emergence to Disasters
Authors: Gümüşay Mehtap , Limoncu Sevgül
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, as some buildings differ from the others, known as local or traditional architecture; creates proximity to the modern building systems, we are used to today are called, vernacular architecture. We also called similar style of building design, architecture without architects or rural architecture. Modern architectural buildings have changed the way of life, have aimed to a better living condition. In the recent history, we have experienced disasters like earthquakes, flooding, tsunamis, landslides. The ruins have emerged health and safety regulation changes in the policies. The emergence of the health and safety in the building life as the prime aim, closeness to the environment degradation have created theoretical concepts of ecological building styles and how local traditions have answered the emergency. In this study, it is studied the differences between countries how the cultural practices juxtaposed or override the modern technologies.
Emergency Architecture: Van and Onagawa Example
Authors: Yılmaz Zelal
Published: June 2021

The need for temporary housing in natural disasters is an important issue for people to develop. During this period, post-disaster accommodation needs are often planned with temporary housing applications that require rapid installation and where the minimum needs of inhabitant can be met. Decisions to be taken in the residential area; can range from the choice of urban relations to the architectural design of temporary residences and can affect the resident's quality of life. A temporary home that will resist a recurring disaster should be a design suitable for climate conditions, close to the adequacy of basic needs in containers, security, and access to urban infrastructure, sustainability of materials, sociality, health and education facilities. In this context, environmental and architectural evaluation of Van and Onagawa container settlements planned after the major earthquakes in 2011 reveals the essence and importance of the study. It also aims to analyse and compare architectural and urban decisions in these settlements, creating a checklist for projects made with the principle of planning and design before future disasters.