bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthritis and use of hydroxychloroquine associated with a decreased risk of macrophage activation syndrome among adult patients hospitalized with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cohen E M , D’Silva K , Kreps D , Son M B , Costenbader K H
Published: February 2018

Background

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an uncommon but serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to identify factors associated with MAS among adult hospitalized SLE patients.

Methods

Within the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) Lupus Center Registry, we identified adult SLE patients > age 17 who had been hospitalized from 1970 to 2016, with either ferritin > 5000 ng/ml during admission or “macrophage activation syndrome” or “MAS” in discharge summary. We confirmed MAS by physician diagnosis in medical record review. We matched each hospitalized SLE patient with MAS to four SLE patients hospitalized without MAS (by SLE diagnosis date ±1 year). We employed conditional logistic regression models to identify clinical factors associated with MAS among hospitalized SLE patients.

Results

Among 2094 patients with confirmed SLE, we identified 23 who had a hospitalization with MAS and compared them to 92 hospitalized without MAS. Cases and controls had similar age at SLE diagnosis (29.0 vs. 30.5, p = 0.60), and hospital admission (43.0 vs. 38.3, p = 0.80), proportion female (78% vs. 84%, p = 0.55), and time between SLE diagnosis and hospitalization (1971 vs. 1732 days, p = 0.84). Arthritis (OR 0.04 (95% CI 0.004–0.35)) and hydroxychloroquine use (OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.04–0.72)) on admission were associated with decreased MAS risk. Admission Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores (30 vs. 19, p = 0.002) and lengths of stay (16 days vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001) were much higher among cases. Death during hospitalization was 19% among cases and 3% among controls ( p = 0.03).

Conclusions

In this case-control study of hospitalized adult SLE patients, arthritis and hydroxychloroquine use at hospital admission were associated with decreased MAS risk. Further studies are needed to validate these factors associated with lowered MAS risk.
Using Mixed Methods to Study Labour Market Institutions
Authors: Marshall Shelley
Published: February 2018

The aim of this article was to demonstrate how the application of mixed methods over a period of time can enrich the study of a labour market institution. The article shows how the adoption of an historical institutionalist approach, combined with repeated fieldwork, can provide novel insights into the reasons why an institution operates in particular ways: its potentialities and limitations. The article shows how this methodology is being applied in ongoing research focused upon the International Labour Organization (ILO)’s Better Factories Cambodia (BFC). Since the early 2000s, the ILO has been providing ‘hands-on’ assistance in a number of poor countries though its Better Work programme. Cambodia was the first country in which an institution of a ‘monitoring and advice’ nature was set up, and BFC has since provided the model for the expansion of such bodies to other jurisdictions. The aim of the research project is to discover why the history of BFC has resulted in its fulfilling certain functions and not others and being constrained in particular ways that might not have been anticipated by its original designers; to understand its functioning in the context of Cambodia’s economy and politics. The article seeks to demonstrate why mixed methods are particularly well-suited to achieving these aims.
Investigating the Relationship among Fit Organization, Organization Commitment and Employee’s Intention to Stay: Malaysian Context
Authors: Noor Ayesha , Zainuddin Yuserrie , Panigrahi Shrikant Krupasindhu , Rahim Faridah binti Taju
Published: February 2018

Retaining employees in the organization has become very crucial especially in tough times. Losing skilled and experienced employees affect the overall productivity, profitability and product quality. While numerous studies have been carried out on this subject and the majority centre on turnover due to organizational approach, only a few studies have been done on intention to stay. Thus, the main purpose of this article is to examine the relationship among fit organization, organizational commitment and employee’s intention to stay in information and communication technology (ICT) industry in Malaysia. Quantitative method with self-administered questionnaire approach is followed targeting information technology (IT) managers of ICT with stratified random sampling of 105 IT professionals of ICT companies in Malaysia, based on the analysis using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) (PLS 3.0) to establish both measurement and structural model. From the empirical findings, it was revealed that there is a strong relationship between organizational commitment and intention to stay. The result also found that religiousness in the employees makes them to stay in the organization. This shows that while remunerations are crucial for the intention of employees, employee’s commitment is much higher than the intention initiatives.
A rare cause of neutropenic enterocolitis: Propylthiouracil-induced agranulocytosis
Authors: Degerli Vermi , Yilmaz Duran Fulya , Kucuk Mustafa , Atasoy Ibrahim
Published: February 2018

Introduction:

Neutropenic enterocolitis is a life-threatening gastrointestinal complication of neutropenia that is rarely seen in adults. Neutropenic enterocolitis is more common in oncology patients, especially in those with leukemia. Antithyroid drugs are widely used to treat hyperthyroidism, but they can rarely cause agranulocytosis. Although the pathophysiology is not well understood, high clinical suspicion and immediate and appropriate treatment responses are essential to reduce the mortality rate of neutropenic enterocolitis.

Case presentation:

We present a case of a 57-year-old male patient who developed neutropenic enterocolitis as a result of agranulocytosis caused by the use of propylthiouracil. He had history of hyperthyroidism and was on propylthiouracil. He presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain but eventually died due to rapid deterioration of sepsis and multiple organ failure despite medical and surgical treatment.

Discussion:

Thioamides can cause agranulocytosis which can result in serious complication including neutropenic enterocolitis. Complete blood count must be monitored in patients receiving thioamides, and these patients should be educated on symptoms of agranulocytosis.

Conclusion:

Since patients with neutropenic enterocolitis are often evaluated first by emergency physicians, emergency physicians must be vigilant for neutropenic enterocolitis in patients with neutropenia and abdominal pain.
Family perceptions of care at the end of life in UK nursing care homes
Authors: Kinley Julie , Hockley Jo , Stone Louisa , Brazil Kevin
Published: February 2018

Background

Over a fifth of the population of developed countries die in care homes. While studies are emerging on the outcomes of care in the last few weeks of life, few report on the experience as perceived by the family members.

Methods

As part of a wider study to improve the delivery of end-of-life care, bereaved relatives of residents who had died in a care home/hospital were sent the Family Perception of Care Scale questionnaire to evaluate their experience of care provision for their relative in the last month of life. The Family Perception of Care Scale questionnaire was posted to bereaved relatives, from 37 nursing care homes in south-east England, 3–6 months following the resident’s death. The questionnaires were posted over a 14-month period from 1 October 2009 to 31 November 2010.

Results

A total of 869 questionnaires were posted, with a 42% response rate. A global question within the Family Perception of Care Scale looking at the overall satisfaction with the quality of end-of-life care (Q24) indicated that bereaved relatives were satisfied with the care provided. Qualitative responses from family members highlighted some excellent care, although issues in relation to medical input, professional teamwork, last days of life and spiritual care remain problematic. Results provide an important insight into care provision at the end of life within these care homes.

Conclusion

While some issues can be addressed through education, relationships and value-based issues are likely to be more difficult to address in light of increasing pressure of healthcare support for UK care homes.
Towards digital constitutionalism? Mapping attempts to craft an Internet Bill of Rights
Authors: Redeker Dennis , Gill Lex , Gasser Urs
Published: February 2018

The article develops digital constitutionalism as a common term connecting a constellation of initiatives that seek to articulate a set of political rights, governance norms, and limitations on the exercise of power on the Internet. We start by reporting on insights from an analysis of the substantive content of over 30 such documents, and make reference to the political and technological changes to which they may relate. We offer an overview of the core actors in the area of digital constitutionalism and a brief exploration of the processes by which their initiatives aim to entrench rights into law and practice. We discuss the changing sites of political and legal intervention, including a more recent focus on domestic and regional initiatives. Finally, we consider what a future research agenda could entail.
Ignoring History, Denying Racism: Mounting Evidence for the Marley Hypothesis and Epistemologies of Ignorance
Authors: Bonam Courtney M. , Nair Das Vinoadharen , Coleman Brett R. , Salter Phia
Published: February 2018

In demonstration of the Marley hypothesis, Nelson, Adams, and Salter showed that differences in critical historical knowledge (i.e., knowledge of past racism) and motivation to protect group esteem predicted present-day racism perceptions among Whites and Blacks attending different, racially homogenous universities. The present Study 1 conceptually replicates these findings among Whites and Blacks attending the same racially diverse university. Consistent with previous findings, Whites (vs. Blacks) displayed less critical historical knowledge, explaining their greater denial of systemic racism. Moreover, stronger racial identity among Whites predicted greater systemic racism denial. A brief Study 2 intervention boosts Whites’ racism perceptions. People who learned the critical history of U.S. housing policy (vs. a control group) acknowledged more systemic racism. The present work interrupts seemingly normal and neutral dominant perspectives, provides mounting evidence for an epistemologies of ignorance framework, and suggests that learning critical history can help propel anti-racist understandings of the present.
Autonomous Vehicles and the Attribution of Moral Responsibility
Authors: McManus Ryan M. , Rutchick Abraham M.
Published: February 2018

With the imminent advent of autonomous vehicles (AVs) comes a moral dilemma: How do people assign responsibility in the event of a fatal accident? AVs necessarily create conditions in which “drivers” yield agency to a machine. The current study examines how people make attributions of blame and praise in this context. Varying the features of AV technology affected how responsible a “driver” (who purchased the vehicle) is perceived to be following a deadly crash. The findings provide support for agency and commission as crucial bases of moral judgment. They also raise questions about how morally contradictory actions are perceived and underscore the need for research examining how moral responsibility is distributed among multiple potentially culpable agents. Pragmatically, these findings suggest that regulating (or declining to regulate) how AVs are programmed may strongly influence perceptions of moral and legal culpability.
The Divided States of America: How the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Shaped Perceived Levels of Gender Equality
Authors: Does Serena , Gündemir Seval , Shih Margaret
Published: February 2018

When Barack Obama became the first Black American to be elected president of the United States, many claimed that a “postracial” society had been achieved. Analogously, we predicted that the election of a first woman president—that is, a Hillary Clinton victory—would increase perceptions of gender equality in the United States. In contrast, we predicted that a Donald Trump victory would decrease perceived gender equality. Pre- and postelection data revealed that perceived gender equality indeed decreased immediately after Election Day, but only for those who preferred Clinton over Trump—thus increasing polarization between Trump and Clinton supporters on gender-related issues. In an experimental study using a fictitious election, we found that both the winner’s gender and sexism of the man candidate contributed, independently, to perceived gender inequality. These two studies demonstrate how prominent events, such as political elections, can shape people’s perceived levels of systemic inequality. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Benefits and Barriers to Teaching Medical Students in an Ob-Gyn Clinic
Authors: Fialkow Michael F. , Snead Carrie M. , Schulkin Jay
Published: February 2018

Introduction:

As the US health-care system has evolved over the past decade, access to obstetric care in rural communities has declined, and there has been a challenge in retaining obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) providers to train the next generation of physicians. The current pilot study sought to identify the factors that influence faculty who train medical students within the field of OB-GYN with the hope of influencing recruitment and retention of providers for the future.

Methods:

Clinical OB-GYN faculty within the University of Washington School of Medicine regional medical education program were surveyed about practice patterns and beliefs regarding medical student training as part of a pilot study on provider recruitment and retention.

Results:

Fifty-seven eligible respondents completed the survey. Most (88.9%) reported their hospitals encourage student participation in patient care. Students in their practices participate in many aspects of patient care, including conducting exams (96.2%) and participating in the operating room (94.3%). The majority found the rewarding aspects of teaching medical students to be intellectual stimulation (90.9%), continuing the tradition of medical teaching (87.5%), and the intrinsic satisfaction of teaching (83.6%). Challenging aspects of teaching included reduced reimbursement (40%) and the student/workload (63.6%).

Discussion:

Medical student education continues to rely on a generation’s medical professionals to impart their knowledge to the next. We hope that with a better understanding of the benefits of participation and minimization of the challenges, we can perpetuate this tradition despite the uncertainty in our health-care system.
Increased T-helper 17.1 cells in sarcoidosis mediastinal lymph nodes
Authors: Broos Caroline E. , Koth Laura L. , van Nimwegen Menno , in ‘t Veen Johannes C.C.M. , Paulissen Sandra M.J. , van Hamburg Jan Piet , Annema Jouke T. , Heller-Baan Roxane , Kleinjan Alex , Hoogsteden Henk C. , Wijsenbeek Marlies S. , Hendriks Rudi W. , van den Blink Bernt , Kool Mirjam
Published: February 2018

The lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) are currently widely used to diagnose sarcoidosis. We previously reported that T-helper (Th) 17.1 cells are responsible for the exaggerated interferon-γ production in sarcoidosis lungs. In this study, we aimed to investigate 1) whether Th17.1 cells are also increased in the MLNs of sarcoidosis patients and 2) whether frequencies of the Th17.1 cells at diagnosis may correlate with disease progression.

MLN cells from treatment-naive pulmonary sarcoidosis patients (n=17) and healthy controls (n=22) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=34) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (n=36) from sarcoidosis patients were examined for CD4+T-cell subset proportions using flow cytometry.

Higher proportions of Th17.1 cells were detected in sarcoidosis MLNs than in control MLNs. Higher Th17.1 cell proportions were found in sarcoidosis BALF compared with MLNs and peripheral blood. Furthermore, BALF Th17.1 cell proportions were significantly higher in patients developing chronic disease than in patients undergoing resolution within 2 years of clinical follow-up.

These data suggest that Th17.1 cell proportions in pulmonary sarcoidosis can be evaluated as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in clinical practice and could serve as a new therapeutic target.
A novel piperidine identified by stem cell-based screening attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension by regulating BMP2 and PTGS2 levels
Authors: Xing Yanjiang , Zhao Shuang , Wei Qingxia , Gong Shiqiang , Zhao Xin , Zhou Fang , AI-Lamki Rafia , Ortmann Daniel , Du Mingxia , Pedersen Roger , Shang Guangdong , Si Shuyi , Morrell Nicholas W. , Yang Jun
Published: February 2018

Genetic defects in bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPRII) signalling and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The receptor is activated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands, which also enhanceBMPR2transcription. A small-molecule BMP upregulator with selectivity on vascular endothelium would be a desirable therapeutic intervention for PAH.

We assayed compounds identified in the screening of BMP2 upregulators for their ability to increase the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1), using a dual reporter driven specifically in human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells. These assays identified a novel piperidine, BMP upregulator 1 (BUR1), that increased endothelial Id1 expression with a half-maximal effective concentration of 0.098 μmol·L−1. Microarray analyses and immunoblotting showed that BUR1 induced BMP2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) expression. BUR1 effectively rescued deficient angiogenesis in autologousBMPR2+/R899Xendothelial cells generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and patient cells.

BUR1 prevented and reversed PAH in monocrotaline rats, and restored BMPRII downstream signalling and modulated the arachidonic acid pathway in the pulmonary arterial endothelium in the Sugen 5416/hypoxia PAH mouse model.

In conclusion, using stem cell technology we have provided a novel small-molecule compound which regulates BMP2 and PTGS2 levels that might be useful for the treatment of PAH.
Sex differences in the associations of obstructive sleep apnoea with epidemiological factors
Authors: Huang Tianyi , Lin Brian M. , Markt Sarah C. , Stampfer Meir J. , Laden Francine , Hu Frank B. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Redline Susan
Published: February 2018

Despite the well-known male predominance in the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), sex differences in the associations between OSA and a comprehensive range of epidemiological factors remain less clear.

We examined the prevalence of self-reported OSA in 143 326 females (age 48–93 years) from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS-II and 22 896 males from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (age 65–101 years) in 2012–2013. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the sex-specific prevalence odds ratios (pOR) and 95% confidence intervals of OSA by demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and comorbidity factors.

The overall prevalence of self-reported OSA was 6.4% in females and 13.8% in males. After mutual adjustment, the associations of OSA with physical inactivity, hypertension and daytime sleepiness were stronger in females, whereas the associations with waist circumference and witnessed apnoea were stronger in males (p-heterogeneity <0.01). There were qualitative sex differences in the associations with age (pOR per 5-year increment in females 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.96, and males 1.04, 1.01–1.08; p-heterogeneity <0.0001) and marital status (pOR for marriedversusother in females 0.85, 95% CI 0.81–0.89, and males 1.11, 0.99–1.25; p-heterogeneity <0.0001).

Substantial sex differences exist in the associations with various factors, suggesting sex-specific mechanisms in OSA.
Physical Activity Alters Inflammation in Older Adults by Different Intensity Levels
Authors: NILSSON ANDREAS , BERGENS OSCAR , KADI FAWZI
Published: February 2018

Purpose

To examine the influence of reallocating time spent at different objectively measured physical activity (PA) behaviors on markers of systemic inflammation in older women with different levels of metabolic risk.

Methods

Accelerometer-based monitoring of PA was conducted in a population of community-dwelling older women (n = 111; age, 65–70 yr) for determination of daily sedentary time, time in light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Blood samples were collected for the assessment of the systemic inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and adiponectin. Metabolic risk was assessed by standardized procedures based on definitions for the metabolic syndrome. Data were analyzed by linear regression models based on isotemporal substitution analysis.

Results

Reallocating 30 min of sedentary time with either time in LPA (β = −0.47; P < 0.05) or MVPA (β = −0.42; P < 0.05) was related to reduced fibrinogen level, whereas no corresponding effect was evident when shifting time in LPA with time in MVPA, while holding sedentary time constant. In contrast, reallocating a 30-min period in sedentary (β = −0.70; P < 0.01) or LPA (β = −0.71; P < 0.01) with MVPA was associated with a significant reduction in CRP level, whereas no impact on CRP was observed when a period of sedentary behavior was replaced with LPA. Importantly, all significant influences on fibrinogen and CRP by displacement of different PA behaviors remained after adjustment for metabolic risk status among participants. No significant associations with adiponectin were observed.

Conclusions

Altogether, this work supports the existence of different intensity thresholds mediating beneficial effects of PA on important clinical markers of systemic inflammation in older women across different stages of disease prevention.
Chebyshev Inequalities for Products of Random Variables
Authors: Rujeerapaiboon Napat , Kuhn Daniel , Wiesemann Wolfram
Published: February 2018

We derive sharp probability bounds on the tails of a product of symmetric nonnegative random variables using only information about their first two moments. If the covariance matrix of the random variables is known exactly, these bounds can be computed numerically using semidefinite programming. If only an upper bound on the covariance matrix is available, the probability bounds on the right tails can be evaluated analytically. The bounds under precise and imprecise covariance information coincide for all left tails as well as for all right tails corresponding to quantiles that are either sufficiently small or sufficiently large. We also prove that all left probability bounds reduce to the trivial bound 1 if the number of random variables in the product exceeds an explicit threshold. Thus, in the worst case, the weak-sense geometric random walk defined through the running product of the random variables is absorbed at 0 with certainty as soon as time exceeds the given threshold. The techniques devised for constructing Chebyshev bounds for products can also be used to derive Chebyshev bounds for sums, maxima, and minima of nonnegative random variables.
A Practicable Robust Counterpart Formulation for Decomposable Functions: A Network Congestion Case Study
Authors: Delage Erick , Gianoli Luca G. , Brunilde Sansò
Published: February 2018

Robust optimization is a powerful means to handle optimization problems where there is a set of parameters that are uncertain. The effectiveness of the method is especially noticeable when these parameters are only known to lie inside some uncertainty region. Unfortunately, there are important computational considerations that have prevented the methodology from being fully adopted in fields of practice where the cost function that needs to be robustified is nonlinear with respect to such parameters. In this paper, we propose a new robust optimization formulation that circumvent the computational burden in problems where the cost decomposes as the sum of costs that each involve a single decision variable. This is done by exploiting the fact that in this formulation the worst-case cost function can be expressed as a convex combination between a nominal and an upper-bounding cost function. One can still control the conservatism of the robust solution by adjusting how many terms of this total cost can simultaneously reach their respective most pessimistic value. To demonstrate the potential of this “practicable robust counterpart” formulation, we present how it can be employed for the robust optimization of packet routing on a telecommunication network with congestion. In such problems, an important source of uncertainty stems from the queueing delay, which is usually approximated by a nonlinear convex function using the theory of M/M/1 queues. Computational results on a large number of problem instances of realistic size confirm that it is possible to identify robust solutions that significantly outperform a deterministic approach in terms of both the amount of congestion and the risks of excessive congestion. Moreover, our proposed method also improves significantly the quality of solutions that are obtained using two other natural approximation schemes.
Delay-Predictability Trade-offs in Reaching a Secret Goal
Authors: Tsitsiklis John N. , Xu Kuang
Published: February 2018

We formulate a model of sequential decision making, dubbed the Goal Prediction game, to study the extent to which an overseeing adversary can predict the final goal of an agent who tries to reach that goal quickly, through a sequence of intermediate actions. Our formulation is motivated by the increasing ubiquity of large-scale surveillance and data collection infrastructures, which can be used to predict an agent’s intentions and future actions, despite the agent’s desire for privacy.

Our main result shows that with a carefully chosen agent strategy, the probability that the agent’s goal is correctly predicted by an adversary can be made inversely proportional to the time that the agent is willing to spend in reaching the goal, but cannot be made any smaller than that. Moreover, this characterization depends on the topology of the agent’s state space only through its diameter.
Seguimiento de la educacionalización del mundo: Perspectivas para una historia emancipada de la educación
Authors: Tröhler Daniel
Published: February 2018

Este artículo reconstruye el incremento, las diferenciaciones nacionales y el declive de la historia de la educación y describe posteriormente lo que podría significar la historia de la educación si se emancipara de las condiciones que llevaron a su surgimiento, religión y nacionalismo, condiciones que, en realidad, no son tan dominantes como lo fueron alguna vez.
Sistem Pelacakan Objek Menggunakan Kombinasi Algoritma Optical Flow dan Template Matching
Authors: Fahriannur Ahmad , Mardiyanto Ronny , Siswanto Meilana
Published: February 2018

This study aimed to develop a tracking system algorithm by combining optical flow and template matching algorithms to strengthen tracking and minimize the resulting errors. The system has been tested on a football video game with the ball as a tracking object. The optical flow and template matching algorithms are used interchangeably based on the coordinates of both ranges calculated using the Euclidean distance equation. The result shows that the system is able to do tracking, although it is temporarily blocked by other objects, more stable and the distance error between the coordinates of the tracking result and the actual coordinates is not more than 110 pixels compared to using only optical flow or template matching algorithm.
Muscle Activation Patterns of Lower-Body Musculature Among 3 Traditional Lower-Body Exercises in Trained Women
Authors: Korak J. Adam , Paquette Max R. , Fuller Dana K. , Caputo Jennifer L. , Coons John M.
Published: February 2018

Korak, JA, Paquette, MR, Fuller, DK, Caputo, JL, and Coons, JM. Muscle activation patterns of lower-body musculature among 3 traditional lower-body exercises in trained women. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2770–2775, 2018—The deadlift and back and front squats are common multijoint, lower-body resistance exercises that target similar musculature. To our knowledge, muscle activity measured using surface electromyography has never been analyzed among these 3 exercises. Furthermore, most literature examining this topic has included male participants creating a void in the literature for the female population. Knowledge of lower-body muscle activation among these 3 exercises can aid coaches, trainers, and therapists for training and rehabilitative purposes. Trained women (n = 13) completed 2 days of testing including a 1-repetition maximum (1RM) estimation, an actual 1RM, and 3 repetitions at 75% 1RM load for the deadlift and back and front squats. Muscle activity of the 3 repetitions of each muscle was averaged and normalized as a percentage to the 1RM lifts for the deadlift and front and back squats. Five separate repeated-measure analysis of variances were performed indicating muscle activity of the gluteus maximus (GM) differed among the 3 exercises (p = 0.01,

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201810000-00010/inline-formula1/v/2023-08-19T002801Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.39). Specifically, post hoc analysis indicated greater muscle activity during the front squat (M = 94%, SD = 15%) compared with the deadlift (M = 72%, SD = 16%; p ≤ 0.05) in the GM. No significant differences were observed among the lifts in the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris. Strength and conditioning specialist and trainers can use these findings by prescribing the front squat to recruit greater motor units of the GM.
Determination of the Thermal Conductivity Tensor of Thermally Orthotropic Materials with Transient Line Heat Source Method
Authors: Chen Bao , Huang Yiyi , Zhang Kang , Cui Yujun
Published: February 2018

The transient line heat source (LHS) method is an effective method for thermal conductivity measurement. In this paper, the LHS method was extended to measuring thermally orthotropic materials based on the theory of heat conduction in orthotropic media. A new method of determining the thermal conductivity tensor of thermally orthotropic materials using the thermal-conductivity-probe (TCP) thermal properties analyzer (LHS method) was proposed. This method was validated by comparing with the guarded hot-plate (GHP) method, based on the results from a test on cherrywood specimens. It appears that the proposed method is able to swiftly determine the thermal conductivity tensor of thermally orthotropic materials. Satisfactory measurements can be obtained if the specimen-needle system under each of the three single measurements is close enough to its corresponding idealized physical system.
Development of High Temperature Mechanical Rig for Characterizing the Viscoplastic Properties of Alloys Used in Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Molla Tesfaye Tadesse , Greco Fabio , Kwok Kawai , Zielke Philipp , Frandsen Henrik Lund
Published: February 2018

Analyzing the thermomechanical reliability of the solid oxide cell (SOC) stack requires precise measurement of the mechanical properties of the different components in the stack at operating conditions of the SOC. It is challenging to precisely characterize the time-dependent deformational properties of metallic components in the SOC stacks at the required level of stress and operational conditions (high temperature and controlled atmosphere). This work presents an improved methodology for characterizing the time-dependent, or viscoplastic, properties of metallic alloys used in the SOC stacks at a high temperature and in a controlled atmosphere. The methodology uses a mechanical loading rig designed to apply variable and constant loads on samples within a gas-tight high temperature furnace. In addition, a unique, remotely installed length measuring setup involving a laser micrometer is used to monitor deformations in the sample. Application of the methodology is exemplified by measurement of stress relaxation, creep, and constant strain rate behaviors of a high-temperature alloy used in the construction of SOC metallic interconnects at different temperatures. Furthermore, measurements using the proposed methodology are also verified by the literature and experiments conducted using other machines.
Hippocampal Ripple Oscillations and Inhibition-First Network Models: Frequency Dynamics and Response to GABA Modulators
Authors: Donoso José R. , Schmitz Dietmar , Maier Nikolaus , Kempter Richard
Published: February 2018

Hippocampal ripples are involved in memory consolidation, but the mechanisms underlying their generation remain unclear. Models relying on interneuron networks in the CA1 region disagree on the predominant source of excitation to interneurons: either “direct,” via the Schaffer collaterals that provide feedforward input from CA3 to CA1, or “indirect,” via the local pyramidal cells in CA1, which are embedded in a recurrent excitatory-inhibitory network. Here, we used physiologically constrained computational models of basket-cell networks to investigate how they respond to different conditions of transient, noisy excitation. We found that direct excitation of interneurons could evoke ripples (140–220 Hz) that exhibited intraripple frequency accommodation and were frequency-insensitive to GABA modulators, as previously shown inin vitroexperiments. In addition, the indirect excitation of the basket-cell network enabled the expression of intraripple frequency accommodation in the fast-gamma range (90–140 Hz), asin vivo. In our model, intraripple frequency accommodation results from a hysteresis phenomenon in which the frequency responds differentially to the rising and descending phases of the transient excitation. Such a phenomenon predicts a maximum oscillation frequency occurring several milliseconds before the peak of excitation. We confirmed this prediction for ripples in brain slices from male mice. These results suggest that ripple and fast-gamma episodes are produced by the same interneuron network that is recruited via different excitatory input pathways, which could be supported by the previously reported intralaminar connectivity bias between basket cells and functionally distinct subpopulations of pyramidal cells in CA1. Together, our findings unify competing inhibition-first models of rhythm generation in the hippocampus.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hippocampus is a part of the brain of humans and other mammals that is critical for the acquisition and consolidation of memories. During deep sleep and resting periods, the hippocampus generates high-frequency (∼200 Hz) oscillations called ripples, which are important for memory consolidation. The mechanisms underlying ripple generation are not well understood. A prominent hypothesis holds that the ripples are generated by local recurrent networks of inhibitory neurons. Using computational models and experiments in brain slices from rodents, we show that the dynamics of interneuron networks clarify several previously unexplained characteristics of ripple oscillations, which advances our understanding of hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation.
Codeficiency of Lysosomal Mucolipins 3 and 1 in Cochlear Hair Cells Diminishes Outer Hair Cell Longevity and Accelerates Age-Related Hearing Loss
Authors: Wiwatpanit Teerawat , Remis Natalie N. , Ahmad Aisha , Zhou Yingjie , Clancy John C. , Cheatham Mary Ann , García-Añoveros Jaime
Published: February 2018

Acquired hearing loss is the predominant neurodegenerative condition associated with aging in humans. Although mutations on several genes are known to cause congenital deafness in newborns, few genes have been implicated in age-related hearing loss (ARHL), perhaps because its cause is likely polygenic. Here, we generated mice lacking lysosomal calcium channel mucolipins 3 and 1 and discovered that both male and female mice suffered a polygenic form of hearing loss. Whereas mucolipin 1 is ubiquitously expressed in all cells, mucolipin 3 is expressed in a small subset of cochlear cells, hair cells (HCs) and marginal cells of the stria vascularis, and very few other cell types. Mice lacking both mucolipins 3 and 1, but not either one alone, experienced hearing loss as early as at 1 month of age. The severity of hearing impairment progressed from high to low frequencies and increased with age. Early onset of ARHL in these mice was accompanied by outer HC (OHC) loss. Adult mice conditionally lacking mucolipins in HCs exhibited comparable auditory phenotypes, thereby revealing that the reason for OHC loss is mucolipin codeficiency in the HCs and not in the stria vascularis. Furthermore, we observed that OHCs lacking mucolipins contained abnormally enlarged lysosomes aggregated at the apical region of the cell, whereas other organelles appeared normal. We also demonstrated that these aberrant lysosomes in OHCs lost their membrane integrity through lysosomal membrane permeabilization, a known cause of cellular toxicity that explains why and how OHCs die, leading to premature ARHL.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPresbycusis, or age-related hearing loss (ARHL), is a common characteristic of aging in mammals. Although many genes have been identified to cause deafness from birth in both humans and mice, only a few are known to associate with progressive ARHL, the most prevalent form of deafness. We have found that mice lacking two lysosomal channels, mucolipins 3 and 1, suffer accelerated ARHL due to auditory outer hair cell degeneration, the most common cause of hearing loss and neurodegenerative condition in humans. Lysosomes lacking mucolipins undergo organelle membrane permeabilization and promote cytotoxicity with age, revealing a novel mechanism of outer hair cell degeneration and ARHL. These results underscore the importance of lysosomes in hair cell survival and the maintenance of hearing.
Dentoalveolar defektli hastaların protetik rehabilitasyonunda farklı üst yapı seçenekleri: İki olgu sunumu
Authors: KARCI Muhammet , DEMİR Necla
Published: February 2018

Dentoalveolar
defektlerin oluşum nedenleri doğumsal, gelişimsel ve kazanılmış olmak üzere üç
grupta toplanabilir ve lokalizasyonları nedeniyle hastalarda estetik, fonetik
ve fonksiyonel problemlere neden olabilirler. Tedavide multidisipliner yaklaşım
ve vakaya özgü bir planlama gerekmektedir. Bu
olgu sunumunda dentoalveolar defekte sahip iki hastanın farklı tutucu
sistemlerine sahip dental implant destekli protezler ile protetik
rehabilitasyonu anlatılmaktadır.      Klinik ve radyografik muayene
sonrasında hastalara implant destekli sabit protezler, diş destekli sabit
protezler ve hareketli protezlerden oluşan tüm tedavi seçenekleri anlatıldı.
Birinci hastada mandibular sol taraftaki defekt, CAD-CAM ile üretilen siman tutuculu
kişiye özel abutmentlar kullanılarak restore edilirken; ikinci hastada
maksiller sol taraftaki defekt vida tutuculu multi-unit abutmentlar
kullanılarak restore edilmiştir.

      Hastaların estetik ve fonksiyonel
beklentileri tedavi sonrasında başarılı bir şekilde karşılanmıştır. Oral hijyen
konusunda bilgilendirilen hastaların 1 haftalık kontrollerinde herhangi bir
komplikasyona rastlanılmamıştır ve 3 ay sonra tekrar kontrole
çağrılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dentoalveolar
defekt, implant üstü sabit protez, siman tutuculu abutment, multi-unit abutment.
Diversidade, biogeografia, caracterização cariotípica e tricológica dos pequenos mamíferos não voadores do Parque Estadual Rio da Onça, Litoral Sul do Paraná
Authors: Gatto-Almeida Fernanda , Pontes Jaqueline Santos , Sbalqueiro Ives José , Hass Iris , Tiepolo Liliani Marilia , Quadros Juliana
Published: February 2018

The Atlantic forest possess 1,361 vertebrate species of which 567 are endemic. Rodentia and Didelphimorphia comprise 71% of the endemic mammals observed in this biome. In Brazil, these animals still lack basic information about their biology, distribution, and even total wealth. This study aimed to identify the species of marsupials and rodents present in Rio da Onça State Park and to characterize the morphology of guard hairs and chromosomal set thereof, besides verify the composition of small non-flying mammals in different environments and vegetation strata. Thirteen field campaigns were conducted and as an additional effort, three lines of pitfall traps were installed. The total sampling effort was 6.633 traps and 1.181 buckets spread over 69 nights of sampling, which resulted in 196 captures of 166 individuals of 12 species. Seven species of Rodentia Order were recorded: Akodon montensis, Delomys sublineatus, Euryoryzomys russatus, Juliomys pictipes, Nectomys squamipes,Oligoryzomys nigripes and Thaptomys nigrita and five species of marsupials (Didelphimorphia Order): Didelphis aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Metachirus nudicaudatus, Marmosa paraguayana and Monodelphis iheringi. Trichological and cytogenetic results were consistent with those available in the literature. Regarding the vertical stratification, only seven captures were made in trees. Four of the species Marmosa paraguayana, two Didelphis aurita, and one Akodon montensis. Therefore, in the environment of the lowlands of the study area, sampling carried out on tree and shrub extract of the understory did not contribute to the increase of the species list.
Pipeline–soil–water interaction modelling for submarine landslide impact on suspended offshore pipelines
Authors: Dutta S. , Hawlader B.
Published: February 2018

The submarine landslide is one of the major geohazards in deep-water oil and gas developments. The impacts of glide blocks or out-runner blocks, which carry the geotechnical properties of the parent soil mass before the landslide, on pipelines normal to the direction of slide, are investigated in this study. A computationally efficient numerical modelling technique is developed using a computational fluid dynamics approach, incorporating a strain-rate and strain-softening dependent model for the undrained shear strength of clay sediment, to simulate the lateral penetration of a pipe in a clay block. The role of water in the cavity and channel formed behind the pipe during the lateral penetration on drag force is successfully simulated. Numerical simulations for varying depths of the pipe explain the change in soil failure mechanisms in which the channel behind the pipe and berm play a significant role, especially at shallow depths. As the cavity behind the pipe may not be completely filled with soil, the limitations of smooth/rough and bonded/unbonded interface conditions, as used typically in pipe–soil interaction analysis, are discussed. Based on a comprehensive parametric study, calibrated against centrifuge test results, a set of empirical equations is proposed to calculate drag force for practical applications. The effects of inertia on drag force are examined.
Menção Honrosa: 1o Prêmio Nacional de Ensino de Bioqímica e Biologia Molecular Bayardo Baptista Torres
Authors: REB Equipe
Published: February 2018

Menção honrosa aos trabalhos premiados no 1o Prêmio Nacional de Ensino de Bioqímica e Biologia Molecular Bayardo Baptista Torres.Categoria “Materiais Didáticos” :1o Colocado:Quem é o Carboidrato?Paulo Enrique Cuevas Mestanza, Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues Ávila (UFU)2o Colocado: Propriedades Fotofísicas do Azul de Metileno Aplicadas para o Ensino de Espectroscopia UV-Visível como Ferramenta para Análise Qualitativa em BioquímicaAdrianne Marlise Mendes Brito, Iseli Lourenço Nantes (UFABC)3o Colocado:Bioquímica Médica - Casos ClínicosCarla Rhuama de Freitas Araújo, Daniel Carlos Ferreira Lanza, Felipe Sales de Lima, Gustavo Henrique O. Cavalcante, Marcel Setúbal Costa, Hannaly W. Bezerra Pereira, Iara Dantas de Souza, Jéssyca Tamires da Fonseca, Sara E. de Lima Costa, Sérgio R. Fernandes de Araújo (UFRN)Categoria “Práticas de Ensino:1o Colocado: Transformação de energia nos seres vivos. Andrea Thompson Da Poian, Luisa Andrea Ketzer, Carolina Braga (UFRJ)2o Colocado: Biocélula a combustível de baixo custo para investigação do metabolismo energético.Gustavo Sileira, Masaharu Ikegaki, José Maurício Schneedorf Ferreira da Silva (UNIFAL-MG)3o Colocado: Investigação na sala de aula: Uma proposta.Mytse Andrea Sales de Melo Andrad (UFRJ/ Prefeitura Municipal de Queimados-RJ)
El concepto y la naturaleza del arbitraje comercial en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano
Authors: Pérez Solano Jimmy Antonio
Published: February 2018

El arbitraje es una figura centenaria en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico que surge como una instancia procesal independiente autorizada por el Estado, cuya esencia radica en que personas especializadas en la materia, resuelven controversias sobre derechos de libre disposición que le son presentadas por sujetos que pactan o acuerdan que sean los árbitros a través del arbitraje y no los jueces por la vía judicial estatal, quienes diriman la controversia que se les ha encomendado. No obstante su antigüedad dentro de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, el arbitraje toma su asiento constitucional a partir de la expedición de la Constitución de 1991, de cuyo artículo 116 surge la noción de Mecanismo Alternativo de Solución de Conflictos, para luego de incesantes pero decantados debates académicos, dar a luz la más completa e integrada reglamentación legal a partir de la expedición del Estatuto Arbitral Colombiano - Ley 1563 de 2012-; las primeras decisiones arbitrales eran llamadas “Sentencia Arbitral” y posteriormente, exactamente en 1970, a éstas se les comienza a denominar “Laudo Arbitral”. Ahora, en cuanto a la naturaleza jurídica del arbitraje, se fueron formulando y defendiendo diversas doctrinas al respecto, entre las cuales se tienen: la  contractualista, la jurisdiccional o procesal, la mixta y la más reciente de toda ellas, la doctrina autónoma o arbitral, que entiende al arbitraje como una institución jurídica independiente con naturaleza propia. Así, el arbitraje se caracteriza por su convencionalidad, temporalidad, excepcionalidad y su juridicidad, por lo que este mecanismo alternativo de solución de controversias se erige como un auténtico equivalente jurisdiccional.
El derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, un nuevo concepto
Authors: Mejia Cáez Miguel Ramón
Published: February 2018

El presente artículo de investigación sobre Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos (DIDH), caracteriza los siguientes aspectos: antecedentes, principios, fuentes, el Derecho Internacional y el Derecho Regional, interpretación de los tratados y conclusiones. El estudio se realizó con una metodología hermenéutica interpretativa de la bibliografía referenciada permitiéndonos presentar como resultado el estudio, difusión y reafirmación del edificio DIDH, que tiene como base fundamental la dignidad de la persona humana, elemento central de los Derechos Humanos.
Experimental evaluation of apricot genotypes for resistance to Plum pox virus
Authors: Glasa M. , Benediková D. , Glasová t.. , Hričovský I. , Kůdela O.
Published: February 2018

The reaction of 19 Slovak apricot cultivars and hybrids (breeding program of Research Breeding Station at Vesele) to infection by M isolates of plum pox virus (PPV-M) was evaluated. The genotypes were inoculated by grafting to naturally infected plum trees in the field and by chip-budding in the glasshouse. Monitoring of PPV infection was done over a 3 year period by visual inspection and DAS-ELISA. In the third year of evaluation the RT-PCR assay was also applied. The tested apricot genotypes differed in their reaction to PPV infection. Most of them developed mild or severe symptoms on leaves in the first year and/or next two consecutive years after artificial inoculation. The four Slovak apricot genotypes Veharda, Vemina, VS 15811 and VS 157/8 were resistant to PPV-M infection.