bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversal of Bone Marrow Mobilopathy and Enhanced Vascular Repair by Angiotensin-(1-7) in Diabetes
Authors: Vasam Goutham , Joshi Shrinidh , Thatcher Sean E. , Bartelmez Stephen H. , Cassis Lisa A. , Jarajapu Yagna P.R.
Published: November 2016

The angiotensin (ANG)-(1-7)/Mas receptor (MasR) pathway activates vascular repair–relevant functions of bone marrow progenitor cells. We tested the effects of ANG-(1-7) on mobilization and vasoreparative functions of progenitor cells that are impaired in diabetes. The study was performed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic (db/db) mice. Diabetes resulted in a decreased number of Lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells in the circulation, which was normalized by ANG-(1-7). Diabetes-induced depletion of LSK cells in the bone marrow was reversed by ANG-(1-7). ρ-Kinase (ROCK) activity was increased specifically in bone marrow LSK cells by ANG-(1-7) in diabetes, and the beneficial effects of ANG-(1-7) were prevented by fasudil. ANG-(1-7) increased Slit3 levels in the bone marrow supernatants, which activated ROCK in LSK cells and sensitized them for stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF)–induced migration. Diabetes prevented the mobilization of LSK cells in response to ischemia and impaired the recovery of blood flow, both of which were reversed by ANG-(1-7) in both models of diabetes. Genetic ablation of MasR prevented ischemia-induced mobilization of LSK cells and impaired blood flow recovery, which was associated with decreased proliferation and migration of LSK cells in response to SDF or vascular endothelial growth factor. These results suggest that MasR is a promising target for the treatment of diabetic bone marrow mobilopathy and vascular disease.
Consumer Behavior and Fascinating Challenges on Household Laundry and Dishwashing
Authors: Geetha Das , Tyagi Rashmi
Published: November 2016

Intense research in household cleaning offers more innovative cleaning solutions. Over the half of consumers worldwide favor functionality over “natural” and “multipurpose” claims in household care products. Due to rapid urbanization, emergence of small pack size, current environmental pressures and price escalation of petrochemical feedstock, the demand for sustainable laundry and dishwashing products is developing rapidly. The user-centered researches revealed that the increase in per capita income and wide range of choices, greatly influence consumers interactions with products as expenditure for household laundry and increase the number of sophisticated consumers. Dishwashing accounts for barely more than 0.5% of total per capita expenditure. Low energy as well as water consumption, high performance values are very important for the consumers when purchasing automatic washing appliances. Multi-usability and efficiency capture continuously the attention of the consumers in large scale in the sense of economic viability, environmental feasibility and reverted interest to use traditional liquid and powder detergents. Brand value and integrity proves to be also surprisingly important. Researches revealed that many consumers prefer household appliances with low water and energy consumption. As per the statistics, since half of the total surfactant consumption belongs to household applications particularly dishwashing and laundry washing, the natural product based surfactants produced from biomass are expected to continue to drive cleaning market.
Study of Different Hueing Dyes Deposition on Fabrics during Home Laundry
Authors: Pei Liujun , Wu Jindan , Liu Juanjuan , Wang Jiping
Published: November 2016

The objective of this research was to study the deposition mechanism of hueing dyes on different fabric surfaces. In this study, two types of fabrics and four types of hueing dyes were used to study the dye accumulation behaviors on fabric samples. The results showed that nylon and cotton treated with hueing dyes had a lower b* value and a higher CIE whiteness. Furthermore, the accumulation level of hueing dyes on nylon was much higher than on cotton fabric. The chemical composition of fabrics and molecular structures of hueing dyes were also investigated to study the interactions between different fibers and dyes. The results showed that the over-deposition of hueing dyes on fabric was mainly driven by the electrostatic forces, which could be weakened by adding salts to neutralize the fabric surface charge during home laundry.
Electrospinning of Sheath-Core Structured Chitosan/Polylactide Nanofibers for the Removal of Metal Ions
Authors: Lee D.-M. , Kao C.-W. , Huang T.-W. , You J.-H. , Liu S.-J.
Published: November 2016

Biodegradable sheath-core structured nanofibers, with chitosan as the sheath material and polylactide (PLA) at the core, were developed for the removal of metal ions. For the electrospinning of sheath-core nanofibers, predetermined weight percentages of chitosan were first dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) with sonication for 30 min, and then mixed by a magnetic stirrer for 12 h. The same procedure was conducted with polylactide (PLA). The chitosan and polylactide solutions were then fed into two different capillary tubes with needles of small diameter, respectively, for co-axial electrospinning. The delivery rates of the solutions were controlled by two independent pumps for the sheath chitosan solutions and the core PLA solution. The morphology of the electrospun nanofibers was examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers was found to range from 234 nm to 562 nm. The influence of various process conditions on the metal removal was also investigated. The removal efficiency of the sheath-core chitosan/PLA nanofibers was measured and compared with the efficiency of blended chitosan/PLA nanofibers. The experimental results suggested that the electrospun sheath-core nanofibers exhibited superior metal ion removal efficiency compared to the blended nanofibers. The removal efficiency of the nanofibrous membranes increased with the initial metal ion concentrations and the pH value and decreased with the temperature of the solutions.
Revisiting the differences between irreducible and reducible atlantoaxial dislocation in the era of direct posterior approach and C1–2 joint manipulation
Authors: Deepak Arsikere N. , Salunke Pravin , Sahoo Sushanta K. , Prasad Prashant K. , Khandelwal Niranjan K.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

The current management of atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) focuses on the C1–2 joints, commonly approached through a posterior route. The distinction between reducible AAD (RAAD) and irreducible AAD (IrAAD) seems to be less important in modern times. The roles of preoperative traction and dynamic radiographs are questionable. This study evaluated whether differentiating between the 2 groups is important in today's era.

METHODS

Ninety-six consecutive patients with congenital AAD (33 RAAD and 63 IrAAD), who underwent surgery through a posterior approach alone, were studied. The preoperative and follow-up clinical statuses for both groups were studied and compared using Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores. The radiological findings of the 2 groups were compared, and the intraoperative challenges described.

RESULTS

A poor preoperative JOA score (clinical status) was seen in one-fifth of patients with IrAAD, although the mean JOA score was nearly similar in the RAAD and IrAAD groups. There was significant improvement in follow-up JOA score in both groups. However, segmentation defects (such as an assimilated arch of the atlas and C2–3 fusion) and anomalous vertebral arteries were found significantly more often in cases of IrAAD compared with those of RAAD. Os odontoideum was commonly seen in the RAAD group. The C1–2 joints were acute in IrAAD compared with RAAD. Preoperative traction in IrAAD resulted in vertical distraction and improvement in clinical and respiratory status. Surgery for IrAAD required much more drilling and manipulation of the C1–2 joints while safeguarding the anomalous vertebral artery.

CONCLUSIONS

Bony and vascular anomalies were much more common in patients with IrAAD, which made surgery more challenging than it was in RAAD despite similar approaches. An irreducible dislocation seen on preoperative radiographs made surgeons aware of difficulties that were likely to be encountered and helped them to better plan the surgery. Distraction achieved through preoperative traction reaffirmed the feasibility of intraoperative reduction. This made the differentiation between the 2 groups and the use of preoperative traction equally important.
Defective chromatic and achromatic visual pathways in developmental dyslexia: Cues for an integrated intervention programme
Authors: Bonfiglio Luca , Bocci Tommaso , Minichilli Fabrizio , Crecchi Alessandra , Barloscio Davide , Spina Donata Maria , Rossi Bruno , Sartucci Ferdinando
Published: November 2016

Purpose: As well as obtaining confirmation of the magnocellular system involvement in developmental dyslexia (DD); the aim was primarily to search for a possible involvement of the parvocellular system; and, furthermore, to complete the assessment of the visual chromatic axis by also analysing the koniocellular system.

Methods: Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to achromatic stimuli with low luminance contrast and low spatial frequency, and isoluminant red/green and blue/yellow stimuli with high spatial frequency were recorded in 10 dyslexic children and 10 age- and sex-matched, healthy subjects.

Results: Dyslexic children showed delayed VEPs to both achromatic stimuli (magnocellular-dorsal stream) and isoluminant red/green and blue/yellow stimuli (parvocellular-ventral and koniocellular streams). To our knowledge, this is the first time that a dysfunction of colour vision has been brought to light in an objective way (i.e., by means of electrophysiological methods) in children with DD.

Conclusion: These results give rise to speculation concerning the need for a putative approach for promoting both learning how to read and/or improving existing reading skills of children with or at risk of DD. The working hypothesis would be to combine two integrated interventions in a single programme aimed at fostering the function of both the magnocellular and the parvocellular streams.
The effect of combined therapies on recovery after acquired brain injury: Systematic review of preclinical studies combining enriched environment, exercise, or task-specific training with other therapies
Authors: Malá Hana , Rasmussen Camilla Pihl
Published: November 2016

Background: Acquired brain injuries (ABI) have devastating effects for the affected individual as well as society. Many studies have investigated the effect of different monotherapies. However, functional recovery is typically only partial. One possible strategy to promote a greater degree of recovery is to apply monotherapies in combination with one or more treatments.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to investigate if approaches combining enriched environment (EE), exercise, or task-specific training with other monotherapies, further enhance the degree of recovery after ABI.

Method: Scopus, PsychINFO, and PubMed databases were searched in March 2016 with the following search strings: exercise (or) enriched environment (or) environmental enrichment (or) rehabilitation (and) traumatic brain injury (or) ischemia (or) stroke (and) rat (or) rodent. Studies were included if they (1) were in English, (2) used adult animals subjected to brain injury, (3) included EE, and/or exercise, and/or task-specific training as post-injury treatment strategies, (4) included at least one group receiving another monotherapy. Out of 2.168 hits, 29 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Results: Despite several trends for enhanced recovery after combined therapies, this systematic review of 29 studies does not indicate that combined therapies confer consistent combined effects on motor, cognitive, or cerebral recovery according to present criteria for combined effect.

Conclusion: Combined treatments continue to provide hope for enhanced recovery after ABI, however, the research area is in its infancy. This systematic review does not provide conclusive evidence. This is likely due to sparse knowledge regarding optimal treatment parameters. Combined treatments, however, hold the best promise regarding treatment of the complex changes induced by ABI.
Burn Cases, Their Management and Complications: A Review
Authors: Masood Rizwan Ali , Wain Zafeer Naeem , Tariq Rehan , Ullah Muhammad Asis , Bashir Irfan
Published: November 2016

Skin being the primary barrier to infection can be damaged by burn injury. Burn injury may lead to distributive, hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock. A burn victim may experience several extremely mortal complications i.e. local and systemic. When the injury exceeds 25 to 30% total body surface area (TBSA) there will be the chances of generalized edema in non-injured tissues. Fluid resuscitation is very effective method in the management of major burn. According to the expert opinion, the fluid resuscitation should be started in adults with 15% and children with 10% burns. In this review article, it has been concluded that opioids, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, benzodiazepines and ketamine are the most commonly used drugs in the management of burn pain. Silver compound or its salts mainly Silver sulfadiazine is an important remedy in topical treatment. Sepsis is the main cause of death in burn victims.Masood et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2016, 5(12): 103-105http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue12/01.pdf
A direct method for the N-tetraalkylation of azamacrocycles
Authors: Counsell Andrew J , Jones Angus T , Todd Matthew H , Rutledge Peter J
Published: November 2016

An efficient protocol for the direct synthesis of N-tetraalkylated derivatives of the azamacrocycles cyclam and cyclen has been developed, using a partially miscible aqueous–organic solvent system with propargyl bromide, benzyl bromide, and related halides. The method works most effectively when the reaction mixture is shaken, not stirred. A crystal structure of the N-tetrapropargyl cyclam derivative 1,4,8,11-tetra(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane diperchlorate is reported.
Inhibition of peptide aggregation by means of enzymatic phosphorylation
Authors: Folmert Kristin , Broncel Malgorzata , v. Berlepsch Hans , Ullrich Christopher Hans , Siegert Mary-Ann , Koksch Beate
Published: November 2016

As is the case in numerous natural processes, enzymatic phosphorylation can be used in the laboratory to influence the conformational populations of proteins. In nature, this information is used for signal transduction or energy transfer, but has also been shown to play an important role in many diseases like tauopathies or diabetes. With the goal of determining the effect of phosphorylation on amyloid fibril formation, we designed a model peptide which combines structural characteristics of α-helical coiled-coils and β-sheets in one sequence. This peptide undergoes a conformational transition from soluble structures into insoluble amyloid fibrils over time and under physiological conditions and contains a recognition motif for PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) that enables enzymatic phosphorylation. We have analyzed the pathway of amyloid formation and the influence of enzymatic phosphorylation on the different states along the conformational transition from random-coil to β-sheet-rich oligomers to protofilaments and on to insoluble amyloid fibrils, and we found a remarkable directing effect from β-sheet-rich structures to unfolded structures in the initial growth phase, in which small oligomers and protofilaments prevail if the peptide is phosphorylated.
Sostenibilidad económica y situación financiera de las estaciones de esquí alpino del Pirineo catalán
Authors: Sánchez Pulido Laura , Daries Ramón Natalia , Cristóbal Fransi Eduard
Published: November 2016

Purpose: The present work seeks analyze the profitability and the financial situation of the main Catalan alpine ski resorts, with the objective to check if these are sustainable from an economic point of view, taking into account the external factors that affect him.Design/methodology: With the objective to carry out the study of profitability and financial situation, we obtained the financial states of the main Alpine ski resorts of the Catalan Pyrenees: Baqueira-Beret, Masella, Boí Taüll, Vallter 2000, La Molina, Vall de Núria and Espot Ski-Port Ainé, for the periods comprised between 2011-2015 and we proceeded to apply a series of economical and structural ratios with the purpose of establish a diagnostic on his situation.Findings: The results show that the Baqueira-Beret and Masella resorts are the only that obtain profits, whereas the rest of resorts obtain losses in all the periods analyzed. With regard to the financial situation, the results reveal that the level of indebtedness of the resorts is, in general reduced, arriving to the conclusion that the majority of them are not sustainable from a strictly economic point of view.Research limitations/implications: The main limitations of this work are on the one hand that the conclusions are obtained from a period of analysis of five years (2011-2015), and the second, they are circumscribed to a determinate region.Practical implications: The results of this work can help to take decisions so much to the ski resorts managers as to the public administrators for implementing strategies to achieve diversify the offer and improve the results.Social implications: Nowadays the majority of the ski resorts have been rescued or purchased by the Administration. We can deduce that it keeps by the incomes that generate his existence. That is to say, by the positive externalities that generates in the territory where they are situate.Originality/value: The present research focuses in the financial study of a little studied sector as they are the ski resorts and the snow tourism with the enormous importance that has in the economy of the region and in the territorial development. The agents interested are so much the public administrations like the managers of this type of firms.
Attitude change through understanding (cognition) of the influence of the persuasive language of liturgy
Authors: Kruger Ferdi
Published: November 2016

The aim of this article is to argue that the use of language in liturgy during worship services should be meaningful to contribute to persuasion in the lives of the participants in liturgy. Language is a prominent medium to convey meaning. In fact, the essence of liturgy that has to lead to the liturgy of life is in itself a meaningful act. The question regarding the meaning of worship services that people often raise is another reason why research on the influence of liturgy is crucial. This investigation is anchored in research on the importance of cognition in persuasive language use to promote attitude change. The research gathers insights from the fields of language philosophy and cognitive psychology. It is clear that the meaning of words in language can never be separated from people’s understanding of the meaning of language. Communication and communion are not opposites. In the normative phase of this investigation, perspectives from Romans 12 are offered. The renewal of the mind that leads to discernment of God’s will must also lead to a new cognition (understanding or phronesis) of each believer’s place within the Body of Christ. The insights gained from language philosophy, cognitive psychology and the normative grounding make it evident that people always try to make sense of what they are experiencing and of what they are observing. The attempt to understand necessitates further reflection on the importance of cognition. Finally, practical theological perspectives are offered to indicate that cognition is important to create a meaningful liturgy. This cognition is anchored in God’s presence during worship services and, therefore, it requires meaningful words from liturgists.
Apartheid in the Holy Land: Theological reflections on the Israel and/or Palestine situation from a South African perspective
Authors: Pillay Jerry
Published: November 2016

I first attempt to draw a comparison between the Israel-Palestine conflict and the South African experience of apartheid. Drawing on other established sources and personal experience, I conclude that, while there may be some differences between the two contexts, in essence, the similar experiences of colonialisation and racialisation makes the apartheid comparison compellingly relevant. I then proceed to theologically explore the themes of justice and reconciliation and what it may mean in the context of Israel-Palestine whilst extracting from the South African experience. The article also offers some reflections on the role of the Church in addressing the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Characteristics Of Street Children In Cameroon: A Situational Analysis Of Demographic, Socio-Economic And Behavioural Profiles And Challenges
Authors: Cumber Samuel N. , Tsoka-Gwegweni Joyce M.
Published: November 2016

Introduction: The issue of street children is one of the global social problems rising in low- and middle-income countries. These children are vulnerable, but because of a lack of sufficient information, it is very difficult for stakeholders to address their plight in Cameroon.Aim: To examine the situation and characteristics of street children in three Cameroonian cities.Objectives: To describe the demographic, socio-economic and behavioural profiles of street children. To identify challenges of street children and to compare the results from the three cities on account of their different settings, cultural history and challenges.Materials and methods: The study was an analytical cross-sectional survey conducted through researcher-administered questionnaires to 399 street children (homeless for at least a month), in three Cameroonian cities from 1 January 2015 to 30 March 2015.Results: The majority of the participants were boys, more than 70% were homeless for less than 12 months and poverty was found to be the most common reason for being on the street. Most of the participants earned less than 500CFA francs (USD 0.85), with many of them resorting to begging, drug abuse, sex work and other risky behaviours. Only two of the respondents (0.5%) regarded the public attitude towards them as supportive.Conclusion: As children roam the streets in search of shelter, food and other basic needs, their future hangs in the balance. Understanding the plight of street children highlights the need for immediate design and implementation of intervention strategies to prevent children from living in the streets and assist those who have become street children.
The quest for the understanding of Religious Studies: Seeing dragons
Authors: Beyers Jaco
Published: November 2016

Religious Studies is concerned with studying religion or the absence thereof. The concept of religion has been discussed, disliked and dissected over centuries. Some have predicted the disappearance of religion, others have predicted the changing of location from the public to the private sphere and some even the re-emergence of religion. In trying to determine the place and relations of Religious Studies an understanding of what religion entails is necessary. It is clear that Religious Studies consists of a multiform subject field and a variety of disciplines with a multiplicity of issues, interests and topics together with a wide variety of approaches and methods. Some scholars have described religion as a �saturated phenomenon� trying to indicate how the diversity of elements described as religious came to shroud the true subject matter. All these hindrances on the road to comprehending religion are like dragons preventing one from completing a (holy!) quest. This article does not want to provide new answers to an old debate. In this sense this article is not an attempt at slaying the dragons but identifying them. Three issues (dragons) are discussed. How religion, the object of Religious Studies, should be viewed? What methods are employed by Religious Studies and the relatedness of Religious Studies to Theology? In the end the article wants to provide direction on how Religious Studies, as academic discipline, can collaborate with research in Theology.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article discusses the development of the subject of Religious Studies by providing a historic overview of sociological influences on the development. In this sense this article is not an attempt at slaying the dragons but identifying them. Three issues (dragons) are discussed: how religion, the object of Religious Studies, should be viewed; what methods are employed by Religious Studies and the relatedness of Religious Studies to Theology (with implications for interdisciplinary collaboration). In the end the article wants to provide direction in how Religious Studies as academic discipline can collaborate with research in Theology
Application de l'impression 3D à l'élaboration de filtres en céramique pouvant servir au traitement de l'eau au point d'utilisation
Authors: Akowanou Akuemaho Virgile Onésime , Aïna Martin , Groendijk Leo , Yao Kouassi Benjamin
Published: November 2016

Water is an indispensable resource for the survival of every human being; it’s essential for the health and a fundamental human right. So, in order to provide enough quality water to populations whatever the context, researchers are now further focusing on innovative procedures of easy and cheap exploitation allowing access to enough quality water at the user end. Therefore, one of the innovative techniques used in various area in science is three-dimensional (3D) printing. Thus for this study, a 3D printer, “Ultimaker 1”, initially designed for plastic printing has been tailored for the confection of ceramic filters. These filters can treat the water to be consumed at the user end. From this experience we can notice that this innovative concept, could very soon become a reliable alternative in the provision of enough and quality water in developing countries.

L’eau est une ressource indispensable à la survie de tout être vivant, essentiel pour la santé, et constitue un droit fondamental pour tout homme. Ainsi, afin de fournir de l’eau de qualité en quantité suffisante aux populations quels que soient les contextes, les recherches scientifiques s’orientent actuellement vers le développement de procédés novateurs, d’exploitation facile et peu coûteux. L’objectif étant de permettre l’accès à de l’eau de qualité en quantité suffisante au point d’utilisation. À cet effet, une des techniques novatrices qui aujourd’hui retrouve son application dans divers domaines de la science est l’impression tridimensionnelle (3D). Ainsi au cours de cette étude une imprimante 3D, l’ «Ultimaker 1» destinée initialement à l’impression à base de matière plastique a été adaptée afin de servir à la fabrication de filtres en céramiques. Ces filtres pourront retrouver des applications en traitement de l’eau destinée à la consommation au point d’utilisation. Il ressort de cette expérience que ce concept novateur, pourrait devenir dans un avenir proche, une alternative viable à la fourniture d’eau potable en quantité et qualité suffisante dans les Pays en Développement.
An efficient density matrix renormalization group algorithm for chains with periodic boundary condition
Authors: Dey Dayasindhu , Maiti Debasmita , Kumar Manoranjan
Published: November 2016

The Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) is a state-of-the-art numerical technique for a one dimensional quantum many-body system; but calculating accurate results for a system with Periodic Boundary Condition (PBC) from the conventional DMRG has been a challenging job from the inception of DMRG. The recent development of the Matrix Product State (MPS) algorithm gives a new approach to find accurate results for the one dimensional PBC system. The most efficient implementation of the MPS algorithm can scale as O($p \times m^3$), where $p$ can vary from 4 to $m^2$. In this paper, we propose a new DMRG algorithm, which is very similar to the conventional DMRG and gives comparable accuracy to that of MPS. The computation effort of the new algorithm goes as O($m^3$) and the conventional DMRG code can be easily modified for the new algorithm.Received: 2 August 2016,  Accepted: 12 October 2016; Edited by: K. Hallberg; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.080006Cite as: D Dey, D Maiti, M Kumar, Papers in Physics 8, 080006 (2016)This paper, by D Dey, D Maiti, M Kumar, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
La ciudad blanca; Madinat Al-Zahra
Authors: Sobejano Enrique
Published: November 2016

La relación entre el tiempo y la arquitectura se hace patente en el Museo de Madinat al-Zahra a través del papel que el material y la construcción adquieren como soporte de la forma arquitectónica. La analogía con una excavación arqueológica de la que parte el proyecto guía el proceso de concepción, desarrollo y ejecución de la obra, donde las decisiones espaciales, materiales y constructivas surgen como una refl exión en torno a la arquitectura contemporánea, la antigua ciudad árabe y la recuperación de las ruinas arqueológicas.
El hormigón coloreado como integrador paisajístico de la arquitectura del vino
Authors: Salvador Luján Nuria , Lizondo Sevilla Laura
Published: November 2016

En las últimas décadas se ha establecido un fuerte vínculo entre arquitectura y vino. El emplazamiento de estas construcciones en medio de las vides obliga a que la integración en el paisaje sea un ejercicio de máxima importancia. Es en el afán por establecer un diálogo entre artefacto y entorno, dónde el empleo de hormigón coloreado es uno de los recursos con mejores resultados; esta piedra artifi cial, el hormigón, confi ere a la arquitectura un aspecto más natural, más estereotómico, capaz de transmitir un sentimiento de pertenencia al lugar. El presente artículo tratará estos aspectos a partir de tres bodegas españolas.
La embajada de Holanda en Adís Abeba. Etiopía. Dick van Gameren Arquitectos
Authors: Blanco Agüeira Silvia
Published: November 2016

Desde que comenzó a generalizarse la técnica de colorear hormigones, este recurso se ha convertido en un revulsivo para la arquitectura erigida con este material. En la embajada holandesa en Etiopía, la simplicidad de líneas que domina la composición se ve rodeada por la preponderancia cromática, por las diversas inflexiones de una tonalidad intensa y por el contraste con el entorno. Los autores someten toda la superfi cie al imperio del color, a pesar de decantarse también por la asimetría y la relación plástica con la historia, concretada en la evocación a antiguas construcciones etíopes excavadas en la roca.
Museo Paula Rêgo, Cascais. Portugal
Authors: Eduardo Souto de Moura Arquitecto
Published: November 2016

Los arquitectos visionarios dibujaron propuestas utópicas para los nuevos tipos edilicios y así, a la manera de Boullée en el proyecto de Cenotafi o piramidal, Souto de Moura diseña su primera pinacoteca en forma de cofre cultural. Pintorescamente situado la apaisada arquitectura del museo queda enmarcada por un fi ltro botánico defi nido por una alfombra vegetal y unas nubes de arbolado que arrojan sombras sobre el volumen edificado. El edifi cio se inserta en la trayectoria del arquitecto en una etapa de reencuentro con sus orígenes formativos identifi cada por sus casas patio, de este modo se resuelve el programa en clave doméstica. Inmerso en el espíritu tecnológico, Souto de Moura convierte una arquitectura de hormigón pigmentado en una aparente construcción de tapial que se apropia del carácter de las arquitecturas vernáculas. La huella del encofrado de madera moldea la tectónica del museo.
Centro de interpretación de las pinturas rupestres de la "Roca del moros" del Cogul, Lérida. España
Authors: Prudenci Español y José Ángel Hidalgo Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

El Centro de Interpretación de las pinturas rupestres de la Roca dels Moros del Cogul quiere preparar al visitante con las condiciones óptimas para apreciarlas. La arquitectura se presenta desnuda, dura, extremada, soterrada, para ofrecernos unos recorridos en rendija hacia la luz, hacia la Roca, distanciándonos del ajetreo contemporáneo a lo largo del recorrido. Situado en el corte producido por la anterior carretera, ya desviada, el edifi cio es puerta y bisagra hacia las pinturas. Bajo tierra, nos conduce a un espacio elemental, casi cueva, tensado por las rendijas y pasos de la luz.
Guardería "Les graines d'étoiles". La Duranne, Aix en Provence. Francia
Authors: Atelier Fernandez&Serres Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

Bajo la luz del “Midi”, los colores pictóricos de La Provenza se revelan aquí como un material por excelencia para la construcción espacial de un programa altamente emotivo, una guardería. La Duranne, con sus grandes árboles, es un lugar para los sentidos. Habla del contexto del mundo vegetal y del paisaje lejano (La Sainte Victoire). Un volumen, en el centro de la campiña de Aix, cubista, amarillo ocre y mate, señala la presencia de los niños. En el corazón de una zona ajardinada de uso educativo, se descubre la guardería “Les graines d’étoiles”
¿Brutalismo? Un nombre polémico y su uso para designar una tendencia pasada en la arquitectura brasileña
Authors: Verde Zein Ruth
Published: November 2016

En la década de 1960, el Brutalismo era una etiqueta compartida por muchos arquitectos en un gran número de países. Hay buenos motivos para continuar empleando esta etiqueta; el más obvio de ellos es la marcada similitud en cuanto al aspecto visual de muchas de las obras llamadas brutalistas, y una cierta proximidad en sus fechas de construcción, con independencia de su emplazamiento.. Si aceptamos esta defi nición supuestamente superfi cial y dejamos de buscar una sustancial, podremos entonces otorgar el califi cativo de brutalista a un grupo de obras correctamente fechadas que comparten características formales y superficiales, incluso aunque cada una de ellas y/o sus creadores mantuvieran diferentes actitudes conceptuales, éticas y morales.
6 impresiones del Sesc Pompeia de Lina Bo Bardi
Authors: Álvarez Isidro Eva M.
Published: November 2016

El Sesc Pompeia de Lina Bo Bardi, recoge en buena parte las virtudes de la ciudad de São Paulo, desde lo ambiental hasta lo poético. El edificio es, claramente, la traza, la huella, de la persona que lo pensó y defendió; además, también parece sintetizar las trazas de todas las personas que intervinieron en su ejecución, incluso parece destilar la percepción del forastero sobre la ciudad. Así, el conjunto edificado del SESC Pompeia se presenta como la huella de un inmenso trabajo intelectual de primera magnitud y, entendiendo el intelecto como el primer requisito de la poesía, como un inmenso trabajo poético.
Agencia de publicidad Loducca en Sao Paulo. Brasil
Authors: Triptyque Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

Situado en Jardins, en una avenida de tráfico intenso, este edificio aparece como una encarnación orgánica de las agresiones urbanas y naturales sufridas por una ciudad tropical. El ruido, la insolación y el tráfico son los materiales del edifi cio que alimentan el proyecto. A pesar de su aspecto importante, el edifi cio no es ciego ni sordo, sino que nace de la energía del contexto y la utiliza para rehabilitarse a sí mismo, como en un efecto bumerán.
Exterior, interior y contrapuntos
Authors: Drummond Álvaro
Published: November 2016

Trinidad, contrapunto y unidad. Cada edifi cio cuenta una historia diferente. Si en la Galería Adriana Varejão el signifi cado es contener, sellar y servir de soporte a la obra de la artista amparadose en el recorrido explícito, en el Centro Educativo Burle Marx, obra más silenciosa, este significado se desvia a la protección y abrigo del ser humano y la interpretación topológica del contexto, modificando la naturaleza local. La sede del Sebrae considera diferentemente las relaciones entre hombre y espacio. La obra se articula alrededor de un raciocínio constructivo muy claro donde la transparencia, el patio central y la permeabilidad total garantizan la vivencia del cielo de Brasília y de la planta baja libre al habitante.
La caja y el agua
Authors: Passaro Andrés
Published: November 2016

El denominador común recurrente en las tres obras analizadas es la idea de la caja, y el tema del agua la condición de su diferenciación. La caja de Cerviño, como bunker hermético y seguro surge camuflada en el paisaje, la caja de Brasil Arquitetura expuesta a su propia narrativa fenomenológica utiliza la esquina como telón de fondo, y la caja de Arquitetos Associados con sus lecturas múltiples nos presenta la dicotomía entre continuidad y ruptura con el paisaje. El tema del agua presenta temáticas diferenciadas. El espejo narcisista, que fl ota y que cae; el canal y el foso que delimita y marca territorio, o el dique y el lago que integra y al mismo tiempo aparta.
Conducir y explorar: el sabor de sumergirse en el espacio arquitectónico
Authors: Amorim Luiz
Published: November 2016

Nos interesa observar en qué medida los elementos estructurales pueden ser vistos como protagonistas en la constitución del espacio, sea como conductor del movimiento y modelador de la vista, o como organizador de ambientes para la ocupación humana. Por tanto, como medio para estructurar la interacción entre ocupantes del espacio de la arquitectura. La demostración de esa condición propia de la arquitectura puede ser realizada a través de algunas de las obras aquí reunidas, particularmente las de naturaleza pública: la plaza Turca, el Centro Burle Marx y la Galeria Varejão.
Tres contribuciones a la cultura arquitectónica contemporánea y al patrimonio
Authors: Junqueira de Camargo Monica
Published: November 2016

Las tres obras, Casa en Ubatuba, Museo del Pan, Sede Sebrae, contribuyen en el debate de la preservación de la cultura arquitectónica, pero también en otros debates, pues son obras cultas que revelan un profundo conocimiento constructivo, pensamiento crítico y reflexión metodológica. Un conocimiento no sólo erudito, sino de experiencia de vida: de saber mirar alrededor, de atención y placer por el quehacer arquitectónico, consiguiendo conciliar la franca disponibilidad para osar y, al mismo tiempo, la necesaria cautela para no equivocarse.
Quantitative analysis of the radiation error for aerial coiled
fiber–optic Distributed Temperature Sensing deployments using
reinforcing fabric as support structure
Authors: Sigmund Armin , Pfister Lena , Sayde Chadi , Thomas Christoph K.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In recent years the spatial resolution of fiber-optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) was enhanced in various studies by helically coiling the fiber around a support structure. While solid polyvinyl chloride tubes are an appropriate support structure under water they can produce considerable errors in aerial deployments due to the radiative heating or cooling. We used meshed reinforcing fabric as a novel support structure to measure high-resolution vertical temperature profiles over several meters height above a meadow and within and above a small lake. This study aimed at quantifying the radiation error for the coiled DTS system and the contribution caused by the novel support structure via heat conduction. A quantitative and comprehensive energy balance model is proposed and tested, which includes the shortwave radiative, longwave radiative, convective and conductive heat transfers and allows for modeling fiber temperatures as well as quantifying the radiation error. The sensitivity of the energy balance model to the conduction error caused by the reinforcing fabric is discussed in terms of its albedo, emissivity and thermal conductivity. Modeled radiation errors amounted to −1.0 and 1.3 K at 2 m height but ranged up to 2.8 K for very high incoming shortwave radiation (1000 J s−1 m−2) and very weak winds (0.1 m s−1). After correcting for the radiation error by means of the presented energy balance the Root Mean Square Error between DTS and reference air temperatures from an aspirated resistance thermometer or an ultrasonic anemometer was 0.42 and 0.26 K above the meadow and the lake respectively. Conduction between reinforcing fabric and fiber cable had a small effect on fiber temperatures (
Comparison of two closed-path cavity-based spectrometers for measuring air–water CO2 and CH4 fluxes by eddy covariance
Authors: Yang Mingxi , Prytherch John , Kozlova Elena , Yelland Margaret J. , Parenkat Mony Deepulal , Bell Thomas G.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In recent years several commercialised closed-path cavity-based spectroscopic instruments designed for eddy covariance flux measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapour (H2O) have become available. Here we compare the performance of two leading models – the Picarro G2311-f and the Los Gatos Research (LGR) Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyzer (FGGA) at a coastal site. Both instruments can compute dry mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4 based on concurrently measured H2O, temperature, and pressure. Additionally, we used a high throughput Nafion dryer to physically remove H2O from the Picarro airstream. Observed air–sea CO2 and CH4 fluxes from these two analysers, averaging about 12 and 0.12 mmol m−2 day−1 respectively, agree within the measurement uncertainties. For the purpose of quantifying dry CO2 and CH4 fluxes downstream of a long inlet, the numerical H2O corrections appear to be reasonably effective and lead to results that are comparable to physical removal of H2O with a Nafion dryer in the mean. We estimate the high-frequency attenuation of fluxes in our closed-path set-up, which was relatively small ( ≤  10 %) for CO2 and CH4 but very large for the more polar H2O. The Picarro showed significantly lower noise and flux detection limits than the LGR. The hourly flux detection limit for the Picarro was about 2 mmol m−2 day−1 for CO2 and 0.02 mmol m−2 day−1 for CH4. For the LGR these detection limits were about 8 and 0.05 mmol m−2 day−1. Using global maps of monthly mean air–sea CO2 flux as reference, we estimate that the Picarro and LGR can resolve hourly CO2 fluxes from roughly 40 and 4 % of the world's oceans respectively. Averaging over longer timescales would be required in regions with smaller fluxes. Hourly flux detection limits of CH4 from both instruments are generally higher than the expected emissions from the open ocean, though the signal to noise of this measurement may improve closer to the coast.
Potential Arctic tundra vegetation shifts in response to changing temperature, precipitation and permafrost thaw
Authors: van der Kolk Henk-Jan , Heijmans Monique M. P. D. , van Huissteden Jacobus , Pullens Jeroen W. M. , Berendse Frank
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Over the past decades, vegetation and climate have changed significantly in the Arctic. Deciduous shrub cover is often assumed to expand in tundra landscapes, but more frequent abrupt permafrost thaw resulting in formation of thaw ponds could lead to vegetation shifts towards graminoid-dominated wetland. Which factors drive vegetation changes in the tundra ecosystem are still not sufficiently clear. In this study, the dynamic tundra vegetation model, NUCOM-tundra (NUtrient and COMpetition), was used to evaluate the consequences of climate change scenarios of warming and increasing precipitation for future tundra vegetation change. The model includes three plant functional types (moss, graminoids and shrubs), carbon and nitrogen cycling, water and permafrost dynamics and a simple thaw pond module. Climate scenario simulations were performed for 16 combinations of temperature and precipitation increases in five vegetation types representing a gradient from dry shrub-dominated to moist mixed and wet graminoid-dominated sites. Vegetation composition dynamics in currently mixed vegetation sites were dependent on both temperature and precipitation changes, with warming favouring shrub dominance and increased precipitation favouring graminoid abundance. Climate change simulations based on greenhouse gas emission scenarios in which temperature and precipitation increases were combined showed increases in biomass of both graminoids and shrubs, with graminoids increasing in abundance. The simulations suggest that shrub growth can be limited by very wet soil conditions and low nutrient supply, whereas graminoids have the advantage of being able to grow in a wide range of soil moisture conditions and have access to nutrients in deeper soil layers. Abrupt permafrost thaw initiating thaw pond formation led to complete domination of graminoids. However, due to increased drainage, shrubs could profit from such changes in adjacent areas. Both climate and thaw pond formation simulations suggest that a wetter tundra can be responsible for local shrub decline instead of shrub expansion.
Water, Energy, and Carbon with Artificial Neural Networks
(WECANN): A statistically-based estimate of global surface turbulent
fluxes using solar-induced fluorescence
Authors: Alemohammad Seyed Hamed , Fang Bin , Konings Alexandra G. , Green Julia K. , Kolassa Jana , Prigent Catherine , Aires Filipe , Miralles Diego , Gentine Pierre
Published: November 2016

Abstract. A new global estimate of surface turbulent fluxes, including latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H), and gross primary production (GPP) is developed using remotely sensed Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) and other radiative and meteorological variables. The approach uses an artificial neural network (ANN) with a Bayesian perspective to learn from the training datasets: a target input dataset is generated using three independent data sources and a triple collocation (TC) algorithm to define a prior distribution. The new retrieval, named Water, Energy, and Carbon with Artificial Neural Networks (WECANN), provides surface turbulent fluxes from 2007 to 2015 at 1° × 1° spatial resolution and on monthly time resolution. The quality of ANN training is assessed using the target data, and the WECANN retrievals are validated using FLUXNET tower measurements across various climates and conditions. WECANN performs well in most cases and is strongly constrained by SIF information. The impact of SIF on WECANN retrievals is evaluated by removing it from the input dataset of the ANN, and it shows that SIF has significant influence, especially in regions of high vegetation cover and in humid conditions. When compared to in situ eddy covariance observations, WECANN typically outperforms other estimates, particularly for sensible and latent heat fluxes.
Physical soil quality indicators for monitoring British soils
Authors: Corstanje Ron , Mercer Theresa , Rickson Jane R. , Deeks Lynda K. , Newell-Price Paul , Holman Ian , Kechavarzi Cedric , Waine Toby W.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The condition or quality of soils determines its ability to deliver a range of functions that support ecosystem services, human health and wellbeing. The increasing policy imperative to implement successful soil monitoring programmes has resulted in the demand for reliable soil quality indicators (SQIs) for physical, biological and chemical soil properties. The selection of these indicators needs to ensure that they are sensitive and responsive to pressure and change e.g. they change across space and time in relation to natural perturbations and land management practices. Using a logical sieve approach based on key policy-related soil functions, this research assessed whether physical soil properties can be used to indicate the quality of British soils in terms of its capacity to deliver ecosystem goods and services. The resultant prioritised list of physical SQIs were tested for robustness, spatial and temporal variability and expected rate of change using statistical analysis and modelling. Six SQIs were prioritised; packing density, soil water retention characteristics, aggregate stability, rate of erosion, depth of soil and soil sealing. These all have direct relevance to current and likely future soil and environmental policy and are appropriate for implementation in soil monitoring programs.