bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the impact of climate and vegetation changes on runoff based on the budyko framework in the Lake Issyk-Kul Basin, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Feng Pingping , Alifujiang Yilinuer , Abuduwaili Jilili , Lu Na , Jiang Ying
Published: October 2023

Identifying and quantifying the drivers of runoff (R) variability is fundamental to our understanding of the hydrologic cycle and necessary for decision makers to manage water resources. Climate variables and vegetation are the main factors influencing the R. However, the effects of climate and vegetation changes on R are still poorly understood, especially in arid regions with limited water resources. This study quantifies the contribution of precipitation (PRE), potential evapotranspiration (ET0), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to R in Lake Issyk-Kul Basin (LIKB) dryland Central Asia by using the Budyko model. The results showed that R, PRE, and ET0 decreased from 2000 to 2020, while the NDVI and underlying parameter (ω) showed a slightly increasing trend. By using the Mann-Kendall (M-K) statistical approach, divided the R series into a baseline period (2000–2010) and a change period (2011–2020) based on the breakthrough point (2011). In the baseline period, R showed a decreasing trend, while in the change period, R showed an increasing trend of 1.8 mm/yr. The sensitivity analysis shows that a 1 mm increase in PRE results in a 0.48 mm increase in R (sensitivity coefficient to R is 0.48). Conversely, a 1 mm increase in ET0 (sensitivity coefficient to R of −0.03) and a 1 unit increase in NDVI (sensitivity coefficient to R of −343.31) lead to R decreasing by 0.03 and 343.31 mm, respectively. The relative contributions of PRE, ET0 and NDVI were 33.98%, −3.17% and 3.67%, respectively, suggesting that changes in PRE and NDVI contributed to the decrease in R while the opposite for ET0. PRE dominated the decrease in R, which decreased by 26.58 mm, leading to a decrease in R of 12.76 mm. A decrease of 65.33 mm in ET0 and an increase of 0.003 in NDVI resulted in an increase and decrease of 1.96 and 1.18 mm in R, respectively. This study enhances the understanding of the response of the water cycle to climate and vegetation changes in arid regions and can provide theoretical support for water resource management and ecological restoration.
The effect of modified observation-teaching-discussion pedagogy combined with microteaching on the critical thinking ability of nursing interns in China: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Wu Sheng-Mei , Lei Yan-Yuan , Miao Qing , Wang Jia-Qin , Tian Yu-Feng , Xi Zu-Yang
Published: October 2023

Aim

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of modified observation-teaching-discussion pedagogy combined with microteaching on improving the critical thinking ability of nursing interns in China.

Methods

Two hundred baccalaureate nursing students practicing in the department of neurosurgery were divided into two groups chronologically, with 100 students per group. The control group received traditional clinical mentoring while their counterparts in the intervention group received mentoring by modified observation teaching discussion pedagogy combined with microteaching. Then, we compared the two groups with respect to theoretical knowledge and nursing operation skills. The Critical Thinking Ability Scale was used to evaluate the critical thinking ability of the two groups of nursing students. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software.

Results

Following the internship, the scores of nurses in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group for theoretical knowledge, technical skills and critical thinking ability (p < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion

The application of modified observation-teaching-discussion pedagogy in combination with microteaching promoted the knowledge, technical skills and critical thinking ability of nursing students in clinical practice.
Study on the interlayer bonding state of an asphalt pavement based on the stacking peak ratio method
Authors: Zhang Wenwu , Niu Lei , Wang Shanshan , Han Wenyang , Ding Longting
Published: October 2023

The interlayer bonding of an asphalt pavement significantly influences the mechanical properties and long-term durability of the pavement structure. In order to develop a rapid and comprehensive evaluation method for assessing the interlayer condition of asphalt pavements using 3D GPR, we propose the stacking peak ratio (SPR) method. This method involves stacking the ratio between the amplitude peak of the interlayer and that of surface reflection to evaluate the interlayer state. Comparative analysis with direct shear tests and field measurements leads us to draw several conclusions: the optimal test parameters for the SPR method are a stacking peak ratio at 35 ns with a residence time of 1 us; the SPR method is compatible with various bonding materials and pollution layers, demonstrating its ability to effectively assess the bonding state of asphalt pavements; field tests further validate that the SPR approach can identify insufficient layer bonding and predict potential flaws in advance. Through our test findings and data analysis, it is evident that this SPR approach provides theoretical support and technological assistance for promptly evaluating the bonding status in asphalt pavements.
Utilization of modern temporary contraceptive methods and its predictors among reproductive-aged women in India: insights from NFHS-5 (2019–21)
Authors: Agrawal Ritik , Mishra Manisha , Rehman Tanveer , Surendran Gayathri , Sinha Abhinav , Kanungo Srikanta , Pati Sanghamitra
Published: October 2023

Evidence from various studies on modern contraceptive methods shows that the utilization varies greatly. The present study aimed to estimate the magnitude and determinants for temporary modern contraceptive utilization among reproductive-aged (15-49 years) women in India. We analysed National Family Health Survey-5 data using the “svyset” command in STATA software. Modern contraception utilization was estimated using the weighted prevalence, and its correlates were assessed by multivariable regression by reporting an adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). QGIS 3.2.1 software was used for spatial analysis of different temporary modern contraceptives. The mean (SD) age of 359,825 respondents was 31.6 (8.5) years with 75.1% (n = 270,311) and 49.2% (n = 177,165) of them being from rural area and having completed education up to secondary school, respectively. The overall utilization of modern temporary contraception was 66.1% [95%CI: 65.90–66.35, n = 237,953]. Multigravida (vs. nulligravida) [aPR = 2.13 (1.98–2.30)], higher education of husband (vs. not educated) [aPR = 1.20 (1.14–1.27)], urban (vs. rural) [aPR = 1.06 (1.03–1.10)], watching television less than once a week (vs. not at all) [aPR = 1.04 (1.01–1.08)], divorced (vs. married) [aPR = 0.65 (0.45–0.94)], and Scheduled Tribe (ST) (vs. unreserved) [aPR = 0.92 (0.88–0.96)] were significant independent determinants. The highest utilization of male condoms, IUCDs, pills and injections were in Himachal Pradesh (86%), Nagaland (64%), Tripura (85%), and Ladakh (20%), respectively. Out of every ten reproductive-aged (15–49 years) women in India, six are using temporary modern contraceptive methods. More intervention strategies should be planned, considering factors like gravida, education, residence, health promotion and caste to attain replacement fertility level.
Bioinformatics analyses of gene expression profile to identify pathogenic mechanisms for COVID-19 infection and cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: Gao Zhenyu , Zhai Xinchao , Yan Guoqing , Tian Yao , Huang Xia , Wu Qingchao , Yuan Lin , Su Linchong
Published: October 2023

Objective

The global mortality rates have surged due to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to a worldwide catastrophe. Increasing incidents of patients suffering from cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) exacerbations after either contracting COVID-19 or getting immunized against it, have been observed in recent research. However, the precise intricacies that prompt this unexpected complication are yet to be fully elucidated. This investigation seeks to probe into the molecular events inciting this adverse outcome.

Method

Gene expression patterns from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, specifically GSE171110 and GSE109248, were extracted. We then discovered common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both COVID-19 and CLE. This led to the creation of functional annotations, formation of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and identification of key genes. Furthermore, regulatory networks relating to these shared DEGs and significant genes were constructed.

Result

We identified 214 overlapping DEGs in both COVID-19 and CLE datasets. The following functional enrichment analysis of these DEGs highlighted a significant enrichment in pathways related to virus response and infectious disease in both conditions. Next, a PPI network was constructed using bioinformatics tools, resulting in the identification of 5 hub genes. Finally, essential regulatory networks including transcription factor-gene and miRNA-gene interactions were determined.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate shared pathogenesis between COVID-19 and CLE, offering potential insights for future mechanistic investigations. And the identification of common pathways and key genes in these conditions may provide novel avenues for research.
Association between genetically predicted rheumatoid arthritis and alopecia areata: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhong Shengdong , Lan Liting , Zheng Zicheng , Zhang Huaiyuan , Wen Yuqing
Published: October 2023

Background

Although numerous observational studies have indicated a potential association between autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and alopecia areata (AA), the research reports lack a clear causal relationship. In this study, our objective is to utilize the Mendelian randomization (MR) design to examine the potential causal association between RA and AA.

Methods

To investigate the causal relationship between RA and AA, we utilized large-scale gene aggregation data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including RA (n=58,284) and AA (n=361,822) based on previous observational studies. In our analysis, we mainly employed the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method of the random effects model, supplemented by the weighted median (WM) method and the MR Egger method.

Results

The findings from the IVW methods revealed a significant association between genetically predicted RA and an increased likelihood of AA, as evidenced by an odds ratio of 1.21 (95%CI = 1.11-1.32; P < 0.001. Both the WM method and MR-Egger regression consistently showed significant directional outcomes (Both P < 0.05), indicating a robust association between RA and AA. Additionally, both the funnel plot and the MR-Egger intercepts provided evidence of the absence of directional pleiotropy, suggesting that the observed association is not influenced by other common genetic factors.

Conclusions

The results of the study suggest a possible link between genetically predicted RA and AA. This finding highlights the importance for individuals diagnosed with RA to remain vigilant and aware of the potential development of AA. Regular monitoring and early detection can be crucial in managing and addressing this potential complication.
Comprehensive analyses for the coagulation and macrophage-related genes to reveal their joint roles in the prognosis and immunotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Li Zhuoqi , Yin Zongxiu , Luan Zupeng , Zhang Chi , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Kai , Chen Feng , Yang Zhensong , Tian Yuan
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore novel biomarkers related to the coagulation process and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods

The macrophage M2-related genes were obtained by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) in bulk RNA-seq data, while the TAM marker genes were identified by analyzing the scRNA-seq data, and the coagulation-associated genes were obtained from MSigDB and KEGG databases. Survival analysis was performed for the intersectional genes. A risk score model was subsequently constructed based on the survival-related genes for prognosis prediction and validated in external datasets.

Results

In total, 33 coagulation and macrophage-related (COMAR) genes were obtained, 19 of which were selected for the risk score model construction. Finally, 10 survival-associated genes (APOE, ARRB2, C1QB, F13A1, FCGR2A, FYN, ITGB2, MMP9, OLR1, and VSIG4) were involved in the COMAR risk score model. According to the risk score, patients were equally divided into low- and high-risk groups, and the prognosis of patients in the high-risk group was significantly worse than that in the low-risk group. The ROC curve indicated that the risk score model had high sensitivity and specificity, which was validated in multiple external datasets. Moreover, the model also had high efficacy in predicting the clinical outcomes of LUAD patients who received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.

Conclusion

The COMAR risk score model constructed in this study has excellent predictive value for the prognosis and immunotherapeutic clinical outcomes of patients with LUAD, which provides potential biomarkers for the treatment and prognostic prediction.
Diversity and distribution of elasmobranchs in the coastal waters of Cyprus: using bycatch data to inform management and conservation
Authors: O’Keefe Martha , Bengil Elizabeth G. T. , Palmer Josie L. , Beton Damla , Çağlar Çiğdem , Godley Brendan J. , Özkan Meryem , Snape Robin T. E. , Broderick Annette C.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Loss of biodiversity in marine ecosystems is a globally acknowledged problem. To address this and avoid extinctions, improved conservation is required to protect and restore our oceans. Elasmobranch species are considered the second most threatened vertebrate lineage, with overfishing considered the most important driver of declines. The Mediterranean Sea is a hotspot for elasmobranchs, with the eastern basin considered a data-poor area.

Methods

This study sought to address that deficiency, using bycatch data to assess the diversity and distribution of elasmobranch species caught as a result of commercial fishing in Northern Cyprus from 2018 to 2022.

Results

Thirty-six elasmobranch species were recorded, including 24 new records for Northern Cyprus, representing 41% of all species recorded in the Mediterranean. Of these 36 species, 61% are listed on the IUCN Red List as globally threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable). Of the species recorded, 71% of sharks (n=17), and 53% of batoids (skates and rays; n=19) are listed as threatened. We present data on the distribution of captures and size classes and infer life stage from these data.

Discussion

Our study demonstrates the importance of the coastal waters of Cyprus for multiple life stages of a broad range of elasmobranch species. As most elasmobranchs caught are retained for bait, subsistence or trade, our study has highlighted the need to update the regulations for this small-scale fishery, and led to a recent amendment to prohibit trade in all species listed under the Barcelona Convention.
Latent tuberculosis infection treatment completion in Biscay: differences between regimens and monitoring approaches
Authors: Ortiz Laza N. , Lopez Aranaga I. , Toral Andres J. , Toja Uriarte B. , Santos Zorrozua B. , Altube Urrengoechea L. , Garros Garay J. , Tabernero Huguet E.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Contact tracing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a key element of tuberculosis (TB) control in low TB incidence countries. A TB control and prevention program has been active in the Basque Country since 2003, including the development of the nurse case manager role and a unified electronic record. Three World Health Organization-approved LTBI regimens have been used: isoniazid for 6 months (6H), rifampicin for 4 months (4R), and isoniazid and rifampicin for 3 months (3HR). Centralized follow-up by a TB nurse case manager started in January 2016, with regular telephone follow-up, telemonitoring of blood test results, and monitoring of adherence by electronic review of drugs dispensed in pharmacies.

Objective

To estimate LTBI treatment completion and toxicity of different preventive treatment regimens in a real-world setting. Secondary objective: to investigate the adherence to different approaches to preventive treatment monitoring.

Methods

A multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted using data collected prospectively on contacts of patients with TB in five hospitals in Biscay from 2003 to 2022.

Results

A total of 3,066 contacts with LTBI were included. The overall completion rate was 66.8%; 86.5% of patients on 3HR (n = 699) completed treatment vs. 68.3% (n = 1,260) of those on 6H (p < 0.0001). The rate of toxicity was 3.8%, without significant differences between the regimens. A total of 394 contacts were monitored by a TB nurse case manager. In these patients, the completion rate was 85% vs. 67% in those under standard care (p < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model identified three independent factors associated with treatment completion: being female, the 3HR regimen, and nurse telemonitoring.

Conclusion

3HR was well tolerated and associated with a higher rate of treatment completion. Patients with nurse telemonitoring follow-up had better completion rates.
Genotype characterization of Epstein–Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia
Authors: Zealiyas Kidist , Teshome Seifegebriel , Haile Aklilu Feleke , Weigel Christoph , Alemu Ayinalem , Amogne Wondwossen , Yimer Getnet , Abebe Tamrat , Berhe Nega , Ahmed Elshafa Hassan , Baiocchi Robert A.
Published: October 2023

Background

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human lymphotropic herpesvirus with a causative agent in cancer. There are two genotypes of EBV (EBV genotype 1 and EBV genotype 2) that have been shown to infect humans. This study aimed to characterize the EBV genotype among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) and HIV-negative individuals in Ethiopia.

Methods

DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) targeting EBNA3C genes was performed for genotyping. A quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) assay for EBV DNA (EBNA1 ORF) detection and viral load quantification was performed. Statistical significance was determined at a value of p < 0.05.

Result

In this study, 155 EBV-seropositive individuals were enrolled, including 128 PWH and 27 HIV-negative individuals. Among PWH, EBV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (105/128, 82.0%) genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2 (17/128, 13.3%), and mixed infection (6/128, 4.7%). In PWH, the median log10 of EBV viral load was 4.23 copies/ml [interquartile range (IQR): 3.76–4.46], whereas it was 3.84 copies/ml (IQR: 3.74–4.02) in the HIV-negative group. The EBV viral load in PWH was significantly higher than that in HIV-negative individuals (value of p = 0.004). In PWH, the median log10 of EBV viral load was 4.25 copies/ml (IQR: 3.83–4.47) in EBV genotype 1 and higher than EBV genotype 2 and mixed infection (p = 0.032).

Conclusion

In Ethiopia, EBV genotype 1 was found to be the most predominant genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2. Understanding the genotype characterization of EBV in PWH is essential for developing new and innovative strategies for preventing and treating EBV-related complications in this population.
Prickly Ash Seeds improve immunity of Hu sheep by changing the diversity and structure of gut microbiota
Authors: Li Dengpan , Yang Hai , Li Qiao , Ma Keyan , Wang Huihui , Wang Chunhui , Li Taotao , Ma Youji
Published: October 2023

Prickly Ash Seeds (PAS), as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, have pharmacological effects such as anti-asthma, anti-thrombotic, and anti-bacterial, but their impact on gut microbiota is still unclear. This study used a full-length 16 s rRNA gene sequencing technique to determine the effect of adding PAS to the diet on the structure and distribution of gut microbiota in Hu sheep. All lambs were randomly divided into two groups, the CK group was fed with a basal ration, and the LZS group was given a basal diet with 3% of PAS added to the ration. The levels of inflammatory factors (IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in intestinal tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Hu sheep in the CK and LZS group. The results indicate that PAS can increase the diversity and richness of gut microbiota, and can affect the community composition of gut microbiota. LEfSe analysis revealed that Verrucomicrobiota, Kiritimatiella, WCHB 41, and uncultured_rumen_bacterium were significantly enriched in the LZS group. KEGG pathway analysis found that LZS was significantly higher than the CK group in the Excretory system, Folding, sorting and degradation, and Immune system pathways (p < 0.05). The results of ELISA assay showed that the level of IL-10 was significantly higher in the LZS group than in the CK group (p < 0.05), and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher in the CK group than in the LZS group (p < 0.05). LEfSe analysis revealed that the dominant flora in the large intestine segment changed from Bacteroidota and Gammaproteobacteria to Akkermansiaceae and Verrucomicrobiae after PAS addition to Hu sheep lambs; the dominant flora in the small intestine segment changed from Lactobacillales and Aeriscardovia to Kiritimatiellae and WCHB1 41. In conclusion, the addition of PAS to sheep diets can increase the number and types of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract, improve lamb immunity, and reduce intestinal inflammation. It provides new insights into healthy sheep production.
Machine learning-enhanced insights into sphingolipid-based prognostication: revealing the immunological landscape and predictive proficiency for immunomotherapy and chemotherapy responses in pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Shi Ting , Li Minmin , Yu Yabin
Published: October 2023

Background: With a poor prognosis for affected individuals, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is known as a complicated and diverse illness. Immunocytes have become essential elements in the development of PAAD. Notably, sphingolipid metabolism has a dual function in the development of tumors and the invasion of the immune system. Despite these implications, research on the predictive ability of sphingolipid variables for PAAD prognosis is strikingly lacking, and it is yet unclear how they can affect PAAD immunotherapy and targeted pharmacotherapy.

Methods: The investigation process included SPG detection while also being pertinent to the prognosis for PAAD. Both the analytical capability of CIBERSORT and the prognostic capability of the pRRophetic R package were used to evaluate the immunological environments of the various HCC subtypes. In addition, CCK-8 experiments on PAAD cell lines were carried out to confirm the accuracy of drug sensitivity estimates. The results of these trials, which also evaluated cell survival and migratory patterns, confirmed the usefulness of sphingolipid-associated genes (SPGs).

Results: As a result of this thorough investigation, 32 SPGs were identified, each of which had a measurable influence on the dynamics of overall survival. This collection of genes served as the conceptual framework for the development of a prognostic model, which was carefully assembled from 10 chosen genes. It should be noted that this grouping of patients into cohorts with high and low risk was a sign of different immune profiles and therapy responses. The increased abundance of SPGs was identified as a possible sign of inadequate responses to immune-based treatment approaches. The careful CCK-8 testing carried out on PAAD cell lines was of the highest importance for providing clear confirmation of drug sensitivity estimates.

Conclusion: The significance of Sphingolipid metabolism in the complex web of PAAD development is brought home by this study. The novel risk model, built on the complexity of sphingolipid-associated genes, advances our understanding of PAAD and offers doctors a powerful tool for developing personalised treatment plans that are specifically suited to the unique characteristics of each patient.
Objective assessment of eye alignment and disparity-driven vergence in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gupta Palak , Murray Jordan M. , Beylergil Sinem Balta , Jacobs Jonathan , Kilbane Camilla W. , Shaikh Aasef G. , Ghasia Fatema F.
Published: October 2023

Background

Self-reported diplopia is described in up to one-third of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.

Objective

The purpose of our study was to expand our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of diplopia in PD. We hypothesize that the time-based control of eye alignment and increased eye deviation under binocular viewing will be related to the fusion-initiating and fusion-maintaining component deficits of disparity-driven vergence in PD.

Methods

We used high-resolution video-oculography to measure eye alignment under binocular and monocular viewing and disparity-driven vergence in 33 PD and 10 age-matched healthy participants. We computed eye deviation and time-based control of eye alignment, occurrence of conjugate saccadic eye movements, latency and gain of vergence (fusion initiation), and variance of eye position at the end of dynamic vergence (fusion maintenance).

Results

We categorized PD subjects into three groups, considering their time-based control of eye alignment as compared to healthy controls in binocular viewing. Group 1 = 45% had good control and spent >80% of the time when the eyes were well-aligned, Group 2 = 26% had intermediate control and spent <80% but greater >5% of the time when the eyes were well-aligned, and Group 3 = 29% had very poor control with increased eye deviation majority of the times (<5% of the time when the eyes were well-aligned). All three groups exhibited greater eye deviation under monocular viewing than controls. PD subjects exhibited fusion-initiating and fusion-maintaining vergence deficits (prolonged latencies, reduced vergence gain, increased variance of fusion-maintaining component) with a greater probability of saccadic movements than controls. Group 2 and Group 3 subjects were more likely to exhibit failure to initiate vergence (>20%) than Group 1 (13%) and controls (0%) trials. No significant difference was found in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS—a tool to measure the severity of PD) values between the three PD groups (Group 1 = 33.69 ± 14.22, Group 2 = 38.43 ± 22.61, and Group 3 = 23.44 ± 1, p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The majority of PD subjects within our cohort had binocular dysfunction with increased eye deviation under monocular viewing and disparity-driven vergence deficits. PD subjects with intermediate or poor control of eye deviation under binocular viewing had greater fusion-initiating and fusion-maintaining vergence deficits. The study highlights the importance of assessing binocular dysfunction in PD subjects independent of the severity of motor symptoms.
Activity-dependent oligodendrocyte calcium dynamics and their changes in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yoshida Kenji , Kato Daisuke , Sugio Shouta , Takeda Ikuko , Wake Hiroaki
Published: October 2023

Oligodendrocytes (OCs) form myelin around axons, which is dependent on neuronal activity. This activity-dependent myelination plays a crucial role in training and learning. Previous studies have suggested that neuronal activity regulates proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and myelination. In addition, deficient activity-dependent myelination results in impaired motor learning. However, the functional response of OC responsible for neuronal activity and their pathological changes is not fully elucidated. In this research, we aimed to understand the activity-dependent OC responses and their different properties by observing OCs using in vivo two-photon microscopy. We clarified that the Ca2+ activity in OCs is neuronal activity dependent and differentially regulated by neurotransmitters such as glutamate or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Furthermore, in 5-month-old mice models of Alzheimer’s disease, a period before the appearance of behavioral abnormalities, the elevated Ca2+ responses in OCs are ATP dependent, suggesting that OCs receive ATP from damaged tissue. We anticipate that our research will help in determining the correct therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases beyond the synapse.
Electrophysiological assessment of radial shock wave therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Zong Ya , Zhang Hong , Xu Peipei , Chen Maoqi , Xie Qing , Zhou Ping
Published: October 2023

This study presents an electrophysiological assessment of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Sixteen CTS subjects received radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy once a week for five consecutive weeks. Outcome performance was assessed using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and electrodiagnostic measurements including a nerve conduction study of the median nerve and a compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. The BCTQ and the sensory conduction test measurements were all statistically improved after the treatment. However, the motor conduction test measurements were not significantly different before and after the treatment. The CMAP scan examination revealed MScanFit motor unit number estimation (MUNE) was significantly higher after the treatment, while no significant change was found in StairFit MUNE and step index. These results confirmed the effectiveness of shock wave therapy for treating CTS symptoms and the associated sensory property changes. The reasons for the inconsistencies from different CMAP scan processing methods are worthwhile targets for further investigation.
Enteric glia as a player of gut-brain interactions during Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Thomasi Beatriz , Valdetaro Luisa , Ricciardi Maria Carolina , Gonçalves de Carvalho Marianna , Fialho Tavares Isabela , Tavares-Gomes Ana Lucia
Published: October 2023

The enteric glia has been shown as a potential component of neuroimmune interactions that signal in the gut-brain axis during Parkinson’s disease (PD). Enteric glia are a peripheral glial type found in the enteric nervous system (ENS) that, associated with enteric neurons, command various gastrointestinal (GI) functions. They are a unique cell type, with distinct phenotypes and distribution in the gut layers, which establish relevant neuroimmune modulation and regulate neuronal function. Comprehension of enteric glial roles during prodromal and symptomatic phases of PD should be a priority in neurogastroenterology research, as the reactive enteric glial profile, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and colonic inflammation have been verified during the prodromal phase of PD—a moment that may be interesting for interventions. In this review, we explore the mechanisms that should govern enteric glial signaling through the gut-brain axis to understand pathological events and verify the possible windows and pathways for therapeutic intervention. Enteric glia directly modulate several functional aspects of the intestine, such as motility, visceral sensory signaling, and immune polarization, key GI processes found deregulated in patients with PD. The search for glial biomarkers, the investigation of temporal–spatial events involving glial reactivity/signaling, and the proposal of enteric glia-based therapies are clearly demanded for innovative and intestine-related management of PD.
Management pattern and medication-related harms and its predictors in colorectal cancer patients: an institutional-based retrospective study
Authors: Kefale Belayneh , Engidaw Melaku Tadege , Tesfa Desalegn , Molla Mulugeta , Kefale Yitayih , Tafere Chernet
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Data on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients’ thorough management practices and medication-related harms (MRH) are scarce. This study’s aim was to investigate the MRHs in patients receiving CRC chemotherapy at the comprehensive specialized hospital of the University of Gondar (UoGCSH).

Methods

A registry-based retrospective cohort study was conducted on CRC patients at the UoGCSH during 2017–2021. From February to May 2022, medical records were reviewed using a pretested data collection tool to collect socio-demographic and disease-related characteristics, MRHs, and medication regimens. MRHs occurrence and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) severity were assessed using standard guidelines and protocols. Version 16/MP of STATA for Windows was used for the analysis. Independent predictors of MRHs were investigated using logistic regression analysis. A p-value ≤0.05 was used to determine an independent variable’s statistical significance.

Results

One hundred forty three CRC patients were included, with a mean age of 49.9 ± 14.5 years. About 32.9% and 33.6% had stage II and III cancer, respectively. Significant patients had co-morbidities (15.4%) and complications (13.3%). Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based regimens were given to more than half (56%) of the patients. MRHs were found in 53.1% of the patients, with a mean of 2.45 ± 1.37 MRHs. The most common MRHs were the need for additional drug therapy, sub-therapeutic dose, DDIs, and ADRs. Being on stage IV (AOR = 27.7, 95% CI = 3.85–199.38, p = 0.001), having co-morbidity (AOR = 7.42, 95% CI = 1.80–30.59, p = 0.018) and having complication (AOR = 11.04, 95% CI = 1.72–70.95, p = 0.011) and treated with five or more drugs (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.07–6.07, p = 0.035) were independent predictors of MRHs.

Conclusion

A fluorouracil-based treatment regimen was most frequently used. MRHs were found in nearly half of CRC patients. Furthermore, MRHs were significantly associated with cancer stage, comorbidity and complication status, and the number of medications used. Because MRHs are common, improving clinical pharmacy services is critical for optimizing drug therapy in CRC patients.
Cross-sectional association between red blood cell distribution width and regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation in preterm infants in the first 14 days after birth
Authors: Mu Yuju , Wang Hua , Tian Mengting , Hu Yong , Feng Yi , Lu Ruifeng , He Qi , Jiang Shouliang , Huang Jinglan , Duan Surong , Mu Dezhi
Published: October 2023

Background

Hypoxia can threaten the metabolic functions of different systems in immature neonates, particularly the central nervous system. The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has recently been reported as a prognostic factor in neurologic diseases. Herein, we examined the correlation between RDW and regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rcSO2).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 110 preterm infants born at a gestational age (GA) of <32 weeks, or with a birth weight (BW) of <1,500 g at our institution between January and June 2,022. The rcSO2 was monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy, and RDW was extracted from the complete blood count during the first 14 days after birth. RDW and rcSO2 measurements were analyzed using a cross-sectional research method.

Results

We divided the study population into two groups, with a mean rcSO2 value over the first 14 days. Fifty-three preterm had rcSO2 ≥ 55% and 57% < 55%. The 14-days-mean in the study population showing an association of lower rcSO2 values with higher RDW values. Significantly higher RDW values were observed in the low rcSO2 group compared with those in the high rcSO2 group. Threshold effect analysis showed that rcSO2 decreased with RDW values ≥18% (β, −0.03; 95% CI, −0.04 and −0.02; p ≥ 0.0001). After adjusting for potential confounders, an RDW of ≥18% was determined as the predictive cutoff value for preterm infants with low rcSO2 (Model I: OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.36–8.06; p = 0.009; and Model II: OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.28–8.53; p = 0.013).

Conclusions

An RDW of ≥18% in the first 14 days is associated with rcSO2 of <55% in preterm infants.
Effects of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in transgender men
Authors: Yamada Mizuki , Gam Hyunjun , Ikegami Nodoka , Nishikawa Yuriko , Ishikawa Akira , Funaki Akiko , Matsuda Tomoka , Kamemoto Kayoko , Hashimoto Yuto , Okamoto Takanobu , Yamazaki Hiroki , Tanaka Hirotoshi , Sakamaki-Sunaga Mikako
Published: October 2023

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in transgender men (TM) results in side effects such as elevated triglycerides and increased arterial stiffness. Exercise may be useful to ameliorate such effects, but no studies have examined the effects of acute aerobic exercise in TM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in TM. Thirty-six participants were included, comprising 12 TM (duration of TRT: 57.4 ± 30.3 months), 12 males and 12 females. All participants performed acute aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 50% heart rate reserve for 30 min. Arterial stiffness as measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured before exercise (Pre), 30 min after exercise (Post30), and 60 min after exercise (Post60). Serum sex hormone levels, and serum lipid profile were determined only before exercise. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels before exercise were significantly higher in TM than in males or females (males: p < 0.01; females: p < 0.05). At all points, baPWV in TM was significantly higher than in females (p < 0.05) and significantly lower than in males (p < 0.05). However, when comparing changes in baPWV over time in each group, significant decreases in Post30 and Post60 were seen in males compared to Pre (both p < 0.05), but no significant change after aerobic exercise was seen in TM or females. These results suggest that acute aerobic exercise yield different effects in TM than in males, but is unlikely to reduce arterial stiffness in TM receiving TRT.
Spoken discourse in episodic autobiographical and verbal short-term memory in Chinese people with dementia: the roles of global coherence and informativeness
Authors: Kong Anthony Pak-Hin , Cheung Ryan Tsz Him , Wong Gloria H. Y. , Choy Jacky C. P. , Dai Ruizhi , Spector Aimee
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Memory and discourse production are closely related in healthy populations. A few studies in people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and people with dementia (PWD) suggested similar links, although empirical evidence is insufficient to inform emerging intervention design and natural language processing research. Fine-grained discourse assessment is needed to understand their complex relationship in PWD.

Methods

Spoken samples from 104 PWD were elicited using personal narrative and sequential picture description and assessed using Main Concept Analysis and other content-based analytic methods. Discourse and memory performance data were analyzed in bivariate correlation and linear multiple regression models to determine the relationship between discourse production and episodic autobiographical memory and verbal short-term memory (vSTM).

Results

Global coherence was a significant predictor of episodic autobiographical memory, explaining over half of the variance. Both episodic autobiographical memory and vSTM were positively correlated with global coherence and informativeness, and negatively with empty speech indices.

Discussion

Coherence in personal narrative may be supported by episodic autobiographical memory and vice versa, suggesting potential mechanism of interventions targeting personhood through conversation. Indices of global coherence, informativeness, and empty speech can be used as markers of memory functions in PWD.
A review of a translational sociology: interdisciplinary perspective on politics and society
Authors: Xiao Jiayan , Bai Yang , Li Chili
Published: October 2023

A Translational Sociology—Interdisciplinary Politics and Society by Esperança Bielsa in 2023 has aroused our great interest, as the title has explicitly indicated a further fulfillment and development of Translational Sociology from the perspective of interdisciplinary politics and society. The recent decade witnesses how Translational Sociology is well-received in China, the further exploration of translation and society, translation and politics, translation and experience in this book enables more teachers, researchers, and postgraduates in translation study to be fully aware of the diversity, complexity, and modernity of translation as a social practice. Moreover, by reinforcing the core role of translation in mediating language differences in all aspects of social life, questioning simplistic views of cultural homogenization, probing into the identity and transformation, politics and democracy, and the nature of modern experience in translating, this book updates our comprehension of the global characteristics of contemporary society from the perspective of translation study.
Assessing the potential conditioning effects of mis and disinformation self-efficacy on the relationship between general social media use and political knowledge
Authors: Hopp Toby , Kazmi Saima
Published: October 2023

Prior work on the relationship between general social media use and political knowledge has yielded mixed findings. One recent meta-analysis on the topic concluded that the literature, when assessed as a whole, fails to indicate a direct and statistically identifiable between relationship general social media use and political knowledge. Considering these findings, the present work sought to assess the extent to which general social media use might be conditionally related to political knowledge. To do so, we explored the moderating effect of information-related self-efficacy beliefs. Specifically, building upon general self-efficacy theory and the idea that there exists considerable concern over the extent to which information on social media is factually incorrect, misleading, or biased, we predicted that mis and disinformation self-efficacy (MDSE) beliefs would positively condition the relationship between general social media usage and political knowledge. Contrary to our expectations, the results of three studies indicated that the combination of MDSE and frequent social media use was negatively related to political knowledge.
Poverty and inequality in real-world schizophrenia: a national study
Authors: Fond Guillaume B. , Yon Dong Keon , Tran Bach , Mallet Jasmina , Urbach Mathieu , Leignier Sylvain , Rey Romain , Misdrahi David , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Schürhoff Franck , Berna Fabrice , Boyer Laurent
Published: October 2023

Background

Schizophrenia has high socioeconomic impact among severe psychiatric disorders.

Aims

To explore clinician-reported and patient-reported inequities between patients under the poverty threshold vs. the others.

Method

916 patients consecutively recruited in 10 national centers received a comprehensive standardized evaluation of illness severity, addictions and patient-reported outcomes.

Results

739 (80.7%) of the patients were classified in the poverty group. This group had poorer objective illness outcomes (lower positive, negative, cognitive, excitement/aggressive and self-neglect symptoms and lifetime history of planned suicide) in multivariate analyses. While they had similar access to treatments and psychotherapy, they had lower access to socially useful activities, couple’s life, housing and parenthood. They had also more disturbed metabolic parameters. On the contrary, the poverty group reported better self-esteem. No significant difference for depression, risky health behavior including addictions and sedentary behavior was found.

Interpretation

The equity in access to care is attributed to the French social system. However, mental and physical health remain poorer in these patients, and they still experience poor access to social roles independently of illness severity and despite healthcare interventions. These patients may have paradoxically better self-esteem due to decreased contact with society and therefore lower stigma exposure (especially at work). Schizophrenia presents itself as a distinct impoverished population concerning health-related outcomes and social integration, warranting focus in public health initiatives and improved treatment, including tailored interventions, collaborative care models, accessible mental health services, housing support, vocational training and employment support, community integration, education and awareness, research and data collection, culturally competent approaches, and long-term support.
Protecting public health and the environment: towards a general ban on cellulose acetate cigarette filters in the European Union
Authors: Everaert Stijn , Schoeters Greet , Lardon Filip , Janssens Annelies , Van Larebeke Nicolas , Raquez Jean-Marie , Bervoets Lieven , Spanoghe Pieter
Published: October 2023

After the establishment of a causal relationship between tobacco use and cancer in the 1950s, cellulose acetate filters were introduced with the claim to reduce the adverse health impact of unfiltered cigarettes. Often perceived to be more pleasant and healthy, filters encouraged smoking. However, filtered cigarettes are more deeply inhaled to obtain the same nicotine demand while altered combustion releases more tobacco-specific nitrosamines. The increasing use of cigarette filter ventilation is associated with a sharp rise in lung adenocarcinomas in recent decades. While not preventing adverse health effects, a global environmental problem has been created due to the non-biodegradable filter litter, causing ecotoxicological effects and the spread of microplastics. Recently, the Belgian Superior Health Council advised policymakers to ban cigarette filters as single-use plastics at both national and European levels. This article outlines the arguments used to justify this plea (human health and environment), the expected effects of a filter ban, as well as the public reception and reactions of the tobacco industry. The specific context of the European Union is discussed including the revision of the Single-Use Plastics Directive, affording a new opportunity to ban plastic filters. This perspective article aims to fuel the momentum and cooperation among member states for this purpose.
Sunglass tint does not impact the indoor catching performance of cricket fielders
Authors: Christie C. J. , Nellemann S. , Davies T. , Fourie J. L. , Davy Jonathan Patrick
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Sunglasses are worn by outdoor athletes such as cricketers for many reasons, including comfort and glare reduction, which may help to improve vision. Anecdotally they are purported to have performance-enhancing benefits, but there is a lack of evidence for this. Further, it appears that fielders are the only position in cricket who wear sunglasses. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the catching performance of fielders when wearing three different colour sunglasses tints during an indoor, laboratory-based experiment.

Methods

Twenty-one male cricketers currently playing for a university or amateur provincial teams in Makhanda, South Africa, who were non-habitual sunglass wearers, were recruited for this study. An optometrist administered pre-screening tests. Players had four testing sessions during which they wore a different colour tint at each session indoors (clear, blue, G30 (rose), and red). Players were required to catch 18 balls projected from a bowling machine. The number of balls caught, as well as the quality of the catch, was recorded. At the final session, they were asked which tint they thought was best.

Results

Pre-screening tests showed that the red lens was best for contrast sensitivity and stereopsis. During data collection, sunglass tint did not affect catching performance. The players perceived the red lens as the worst and the G30 as the best.

Discussion

It can be concluded that catching performance indoors is not affected by tint colour.