bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave ablation for painful chest wall metastases from gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a case report
Authors: Wang Shishi , Wang Lu , Li Tingting , Li Yuan , Zhuang Min , Lu Man
Published: April 2024

Background

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the digestive tract, with the potential to metastasize. Metastases to bone and soft tissue are more frequent in advanced cases, where targeted therapy is the standard treatment. However, around 10–15% of patients develop disease progression despite treatment. Studies have shown the efficacy of ablation in managing bone and soft tissue metastases (1, 2), but there are no reports of ablation for treating GIST bone or soft tissue metastases.

Case presentation

In 2022, a 58-year-old man complaining of left back pain was admitted to Sichuan Cancer Hospital. He had undergone radical resection of the primary gastric GIST and vertebral metastases in 2014 and 2018, respectively. In 2019, rib metastases still occurred despite the use of targeted therapy. During the course of radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, he experienced persistent chest wall pain. In addition, new lesions occurred in the lungs and chest wall in 2022. After a thorough assessment, microwave ablation (MWA) was recommended in response to his demand for immediate pain relief. The large rib metastasis constricted the spleen, so we completed the ablation in two sessions to reduce the risk of complications. He had 17 months of follow-up until September 2023, during which time his discomfort was considerably reduced.

Conclusion

For GIST patients with soft tissue and bone metastases, MWA may offer substantial immediate pain alleviation. When other treatment procedures fail to achieve adequate efficacy, it provides an option.
Predicting histologic grades for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors by radiologic image-based artificial intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Qian , Chen Yubin , Liu Chunsheng , Shi Hexian , Han Mingqian , Wu Zelong , Huang Shanzhou , Zhang Chuanzhao , Hou Baohua
Published: April 2024

Background

Accurate detection of the histological grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) is important for patients’ prognoses and treatment. Here, we investigated the performance of radiological image-based artificial intelligence (AI) models in predicting histological grades using meta-analysis.

Method

A systematic literature search was performed for studies published before September 2023. Study characteristics and diagnostic measures were extracted. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Evaluation of risk of bias was performed by the QUADAS-2 tool.

Results

A total of 26 studies were included, 20 of which met the meta-analysis criteria. We found that the AI-based models had high area under the curve (AUC) values and showed moderate predictive value. The pooled distinguishing abilities between different grades of PNETs were 0.89 [0.84-0.90]. By performing subgroup analysis, we found that the radiomics feature-only models had a predictive value of 0.90 [0.87-0.92] with I2 = 89.91%, while the pooled AUC value of the combined group was 0.81 [0.77-0.84] with I2 = 41.54%. The validation group had a pooled AUC of 0.84 [0.81-0.87] without heterogenicity, whereas the validation-free group had high heterogenicity (I2 = 91.65%, P=0.000). The machine learning group had a pooled AUC of 0.83 [0.80-0.86] with I2 = 82.28%.

Conclusion

AI can be considered as a potential tool to detect histological PNETs grades. Sample diversity, lack of external validation, imaging modalities, inconsistent radiomics feature extraction across platforms, different modeling algorithms and software choices were sources of heterogeneity. Standardized imaging, transparent statistical methodologies for feature selection and model development are still needed in the future to achieve the transformation of radiomics results into clinical applications.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022341852.
The safety and use of perioperative dexamethasone in the perioperative management of primary sporadic supratentorial meningiomas
Authors: Arlt Felix , Basaran Alim Emre , Vogel Markus , Vychopen Martin , Seidel Clemens , Barrantes-Freer Alonso , Güresir Erdem , Wach Johannes
Published: April 2024

Objective

Despite the lack of prospective evidence for the perioperative use of dexamethasone in meningioma surgery, its use is well established in the daily routine of several centers. The present study evaluates the effect of dexamethasone on postoperative complications, peritumoral T2/FLAIR hyperintensity, and progression-free survival in patients with supratentorial meningiomas undergoing resection.

Methods

A total of 148 patients who underwent resection of a primary sporadic supratentorial meningioma at the authors’ institution between 2018 and 2020 were included in this retrospective cohort. Safety criteria were side effects of dexamethasone (e.g. hyperglycemia), surgical morbidities, length of stay, and mortality. The individual Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS) were evaluated regarding the individual development and the delta of KPS at 3- and 12-months compared to baseline KPS was calculated. Longitudinal assessment of the peritumoral T2-/FLAIR hyperintensity changes was performed.

Results

The use of both pre- and postoperative dexamethasone did not influence the incidence rates of wound infections, infarctions, postoperative seizures, pulmonary embolism, postoperative hemorrhage, mortality, length of stay, new-onset hyperglycemia and new neurological deficits. Perioperative Dexamethasone use was associated with an improved Karnofsky performance development at 3- (delta of KPS 3.3 vs. -1.9, p=0.001) and 12-months (delta of KPS 3.8 vs. -1.1, p=0.008) compared to the preoperative Karnofsky performance status. Multivariable analysis revealed that perioperative dexamethasone use enhances the KPS improvement (OR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.01-13.18, p=0.048). Persistent peritumoral T2/FLAIR hyperintensity changes were observed in 35 cases of 70 patients with available follow-up images and a baseline edema (50.0%). Perioperative dexamethasone use enhanced the reduction of the preoperative peritumoral T2-/FLAIR hyperintensity changes (mean reduction of maximum diameter: 1.8 cm vs. 1.1 cm, p=0.023). Perioperative dexamethasone use was independently associated with a lower risk for persistent peritumoral T2-/FLAIR hyperintensity changes (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.05-13.54, p=0.042) The perioperative use of dexamethasone did not influence the progression-free survival time in Simpson grade I or II resected WHO grade 1 meningiomas (log-rank test: p=0.27).

Conclusion

Perioperative dexamethasone use seems to be safe in surgery for primary supratentorial meningiomas. Dexamethasone use might enhance the functionality by reducing postoperative peritumoral T2-/FLAIR hyperintensities. These findings highlight the need for prospective data.
The molecular mechanisms of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 and its relevance to kidney disease
Authors: Wu Shukun , Zou Yurong , Tan Xiaoqiu , Yang Shuang , Chen Tangting , Zhang Jiong , Xu Xingli , Wang Fang , Li Wei
Published: April 2024

Pin1 is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase subfamily and is widely expressed in various cell types and tissues. Alterations in Pin1 expression levels play pivotal roles in both physiological processes and multiple pathological conditions, especially in the onset and progression of kidney diseases. Herein, we present an overview of the role of Pin1 in the regulation of fibrosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy. It plays a significant role in various kidney diseases including Renal I/R injury, chronic kidney disease with secondary hyperparathyroidism, diabetic nephropathy, renal fibrosis, and renal cell carcinoma. The representative therapeutic agent Juglone has emerged as a potential treatment for inhibiting Pin1 activity and mitigating kidney disease. Understanding the role of Pin1 in kidney diseases is expected to provide new insights into innovative therapeutic interventions and strategies. Consequently, this review delves into the molecular mechanisms of Pin1 and its relevance in kidney disease, paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
Adapting a dyadic exercise program to be culturally relevant for Hispanic men with prostate cancer using community engagement studio: a brief report
Authors: Skiba Meghan B. , Badger Terry A. , Garcia David O. , Chilton Floyd H. , Winters-Stone Kerri M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Cancer disparities exist for Hispanic men with prostate cancer and their caregivers that could be reduced through exercise. Exercising Together© is a six-month, evidence-based dyadic resistance training program that promotes teamwork between prostate cancer survivors and their spouses to improve physical, mental, and relational health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to elicit feedback and recommendations from stakeholders on the Exercising Together© intervention to inform the cultural adaptation of this program for Hispanic men with prostate cancer.

Methods

We conducted a virtual Community Engagement Studio (V-CES) with community expert stakeholders representing the Hispanic and cancer care communities in Southern Arizona. The V-CES process included orientation, presentation of the research, guided discussion, and evaluation. The V-CES was audio recorded, transcribed, and rapidly analyzed to identify actionable feedback and contextual adaptations.

Results

Nine stakeholders (6/9 male; 5/9 Hispanic) completed all V-CES activities. Through stakeholder engagement and feedback from the V-CES, adaptations to the original Exercising Together© intervention included: (1) inclusion of the cancer survivor’s identified caregiver, who may not be a spouse; (2) availability in English and Spanish; (3) shortening the intervention to 3 months; (4) remote delivery of the intervention; and (5) incorporation of low burden procedures.

Conclusion

Findings from our V-CES informed the adaptation of a culturally relevant dyadic progressive resistance training program for Hispanic men with prostate cancer and their caregivers.
The impact of family residence structure on adolescents’ non-cognitive abilities: evidence from China
Authors: Tang Bin , Xiao Siyi , Zhang Yi , Liu Siyan , Lin Xiaoli , Liu Han
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The family residence structure serves as a crucial pathway through which the family environment influences adolescents’ development.

Methods

Drawing on nationally representative data, this study employs multiple linear regression models and propensity score matching to examine the impact of various family residence structures on adolescents’ non-cognitive abilities. Causal identification is achieved through propensity score matching, while robustness is assessed using methods such as augmented inverse probability weighting and placebo tests. Heterogeneity analysis is conducted based on gender and household registration, aiming to explore the mechanisms by which family residence structure affects adolescents’ non-cognitive abilities.

Results

The findings indicate that compared to two-parent co-residence households, three-generation co-residence families have significantly positive effects on emotional stability, conscientiousness, and agreeableness among adolescents. In contrast, skip-generation coresidence families exhibit significant negative effects on emotional stability and agreeableness in adolescents. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms reveals that parental involvement and family socioeconomic status within three-generation co-residence families positively influence adolescents’ non-cognitive abilities.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of considering grandparents’ role in adolescent growth and advocates for policy recommendations focusing on enhancing non-cognitive abilities in adolescents from skip-generation co-residence families.
Physiological and psychological recovery in two pure forests: interaction between perception methods and perception durations
Authors: Sun Xiaogang , Li Qinglan , Zhang Xin , Sun Miao , Yin Jiahui , He Jingyi , Zhong Yige , Ning Wei
Published: April 2024

The forest experience is good for people’s physical and mental health. However, few studies on the effects of pure forest based on the duration and way of experience on people’s physical and mental recovery. In this study, we took 180 first-year college students as research objects and conducted experiments in Pinus sylvestris and Betula platyphylla and the control group of grass plot. The changes of physiological and psychological indexes of the subjects were compared by two perception methods (onsite perception, video perception) and three perception duration (10 min, 20 min, 30 min). The results indicated that: (1) Differences between the two pure forests were mainly reflected in short-term recovery of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and long-term recovery of total mood disorder (TMD). (2) Video perception was more conducive to short-term recovery of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). (3) Viewing the Pinus sylvestris for 20 min in different ways was the best way to relieve stress. It is suggested that, Pinus sylvestris can be used as the rehabilitation perception material, and reasonable path length or perception time can be selected for landscape construction in future. These results can provide scientific reference for landscape design based on forest health and environmental perception.
Determinants of central obesity in children and adolescents and associated complications in South Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Ntimana Cairo Bruce , Seakamela Kagiso Peace , Mashaba Reneilwe Given , Maimela Eric
Published: April 2024

Background

Central obesity in children is a global health concern associated with cardiovascular risk factors. In 2019 the World Obesity Federation predicted that in 2025, 206 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 will be obese, and the number is estimated to reach 254 million by 2030. There is limited literature on the factors that are associated with the development of central obesity in children. We report a systematic review, aimed to describe the current literature on determinants of central obesity and its associated health outcomes in children and adolescents in the South African population.

Methods

We searched for peer-reviewed studies in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct search engines, and about seven studies were included. This systematic review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (Registration number: CRD42023457012). This systematic review was conducted and reported according to an updated version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The quality of the included studies was assessed by following guidelines from the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The method considered three main domains: selection, comparability, and outcome across different study designs.

Results

The prevalence of central obesity in children and adolescents by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ranged from 2.0 to 41.0%; waist-to-hip [WHR ranged from 10 to 25%; waist circumference (WC) ranged from 9 to 35%]. Central obesity was associated with age, physical inactivity, gender socio, and demographic profiles of the household. Central obesity in children was associated with cardiovascular diseases and mental health issues.

Conclusion

Central obesity in children and adolescents was determined by gender, pubertal development, and age of the parents, households with high socioeconomic status, dietary practices, and overweight/obesity. Given the high prevalence of central obesity in children which can ultimately result in cardiometabolic diseases, cardiovascular risk factors, and mental health issues. This highlights the need for systems, jointly initiated by healthcare providers, policymakers, and the general society aimed at reducing the burden of central obesity such as introducing children and adolescents to health-promoting lifestyles.
Rural homestead reform in China: unveiling urbanization dynamics and lessons for sustainable development
Authors: Yahui Liu , Qiming Liu , Fangfang Jiao
Published: April 2024

The unique experience of land reform in China holds significant implications for other nations in urgent need of liberating and developing their productivity, providing valuable insights and lessons. This study conducted a micro-level analysis of land reform in China, the United States, and India, focusing on the implications for other nations. Surveys were conducted on 459 households in 12 townships in Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces, China. A random sampling approach was employed, selecting 5 sample counties (cities, districts) across Jinhua, Shaoxing, and Chengdu. Within each county (city, district), 2–3 townships were randomly selected, and 2–3 villages were chosen from each township. Subsequently, 10–20 households were randomly surveyed in each village. Statistical analysis using descriptive statistics and the Logistic model revealed robust results with p values below 0.05 for key variables. China’s new urbanization strategy highlights the necessity of reforming the rural homestead system, particularly as higher urbanization rates prompt farmers to withdraw from and transfer their homesteads worldwide. Tailored homestead policies that consider regional disparities in urbanization levels are crucial. A micro-level survey underscores the impact of urbanization, household head identity, and age on farmers’ decisions regarding homestead exit and transfer. Addressing external pressures, efforts should prioritize the revitalization of rural areas and the promotion of sustainable development. This includes enhancing small and medium-sized cities, fostering on-site urbanization, and creating nearby employment opportunities for farmers. However, the effectiveness of these measures varies across regions and is influenced by local levels of marketization. Internally, there is a need to bolster skill training and vocational education for farmers. In summary, the policy recommendations stemming from the micro-level survey in this study offer valuable insights for land reform strategies and sustainable development initiatives, spanning from individual farmers to national policies. They also contribute to a deeper understanding for policymakers, providing a novel analytical perspective.
Diverse interactions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and of BCG vaccination with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Salgame Padmini , Pentakota Sri Ram , Malabad John Carlo M. , Narasimhan Prakash Babu , Verma Sheetal , Prakash Babu Senbagavalli , Sharma Vartika , Sarkar Sonali , Alejandria Marissa M. , Ellner Jerrold J.
Published: April 2024

The COVID pandemic and tuberculosis (TB) endemicity is double trouble to much of the world. SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), causative agents of COVID and TB, respectively, are both infectious respiratory pathogens involving close communities and individuals. Both pathogens can cause lung disease, involving unbalanced inflammatory cell immune responses that can lead to a syndemic impact. Moreover, dual infection is common in certain settings. In low- and middle- income countries, most individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19, in fact, will have been exposed to or infected with Mtb and some will develop active TB. Here we review the literature examining the diverse interactions of M. tuberculosis infection and of BCG vaccination with SARS-CoV-2. We discuss areas in which contradictory results have been published and conclude that there are still several unresolved issues that warrant further study on the co-pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb and BCG- mediated heterologous protection against COVID-19.
Accelerated Carbonation of Steel Slag and Their Valorisation in Cement Products: A Review
Authors: Biava Giada , Depero Laura E. , Bontempi Elza
Published: April 2024

Mineral carbonation emerges as a promising technology to tackle a contemporary challenge: climate change. This method entails the interaction of carbon dioxide with metal-oxide-bearing materials to produce solid carbonates resembling common substances (chalk, antacids, or baking soda). Given that steelmaking industries contribute to 8% of the global total emissions annually, the repurposing of their by-products holds the potential to mitigate CO2 production. Steel slag is a by-product of the metallurgical industry which is suitable for capturing CO2 due to its chemical composition, containing high CaO (24%–65%) and MgO (3%–20%) amounts, which increases the reactivity with the CO2. Moreover, the carbonation process can improve the hydraulic and mechanical properties of steel slag, making this by-product interesting to be reused in building materials. Different studies have developed in the last years addressing the possibilities of reducing the environmental impact of steel products, by CO2 sequestration. This study is dedicated to reviewing the basics of mineral carbonation applied to steel slag, along with recent advancements in research. Special emphasis is placed on identifying parameters that facilitate the reactions and exploring potential applications for the resulting products. The advantages and disadvantages of steel slag carbonation for the industrialization of the process are also discussed.
Genetic Characterization of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Genotypes Derived from Seeds and Selection Based on Their Morphological Traits and Flower Aromatic Substances
Authors: Anastasiadi Vasiliki , Hatzilazarou Stefanos , Papadakis Emmanouil-Nikolaos , Kotoula Aikaterini-Angeliki , Tsalouchos Nikolaos , Labis Taxiarchis , Economou Athanasios , Kostas Stefanos
Published: April 2024

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is an evergreen shrub with white fragrant flowers, and it is cultivated for its ornamental, aromatic and medicinal value. The present study aimed to select desirable genotypes for potential commercial exploitation as pot plants or use in perfumery. Thus, 32 genotypes of G. jasminoides plants derived from seedlings, whose seeds were obtained from Australia and the USA, were evaluated for their genetic diversity in relation to four commercial cultivars (‘Pelion’, ‘Joy’, ‘Grandiflora’ and ‘Kimberly’, used as reference cultivars) using ISSR and SCoT markers. A cluster analysis separated the gardenia genotypes into the following three clusters: one cluster comprised the 16 genotypes originating from Australia, one included the 16 genotypes originating from the USA, and the third cluster contained the four reference cultivars. In other words, there was a clear demarcation of the genotypes investigated according to their geographical origin. In addition, the gardenia genotypes were evaluated for their morphological and chemical characteristics. Thus, flower- and leaf-related traits with ornamental value were measured, while the volatile compounds of flower extracts were identified with GC-MS analysis. Genotype 29-5 was selected for its acceptable morphological traits and genotype 51-8 for its rich volatile compounds. The major volatile compounds responsible for the floral aroma of the various gardenia genotypes examined were α-farnesene, benzyl tiglate, cis-3-hexenyltiglate, jasminelactone and linalool.
Opportunity of the NEGFRY Decision Support System for the Sustainable Control of Potato Late Blight in A Limia (NW of Spain)
Authors: Meno Laura , Escuredo Olga , Seijo M. Carmen
Published: April 2024

The NEGFRY system is presented in this research work as a novelty strategy for the control of potato late blight in A Limia (NW Spain). The aim was to analyse the number of fungicide applications established by NEGFRY (Decision Support System, DSS) with respect to the routine calendars of this potato production area. This approach is in accordance with the requirements imposed by European policies, participating in more profitable and environmentally friendly agriculture. For this purpose, the relationships between the pathogen and the environmental conditions and epidemiological parameters were analysed in different plots compared to late blight infection in both Routine and DSS strategies. In addition, economic and environmental impacts of fungicide sprays were also analysed to check the adaptability of the decision support system to late blight in the area. Results confirmed that it is possible to reduce sprays following the NEGFRY model by more than 50% compared with Routine applications. Therefore, NEGFRY is a promising strategy to achieve lower footprint potato yields through a reduction in applied pesticides and water, lower gas emissions and less soil compaction due to a reduction in the number of tractor passes over the soil. The commitment to this strategy contributes to improving the economy of farmers, the health of the biodiversity, the environment and consumers, as well as to comply with demands of global economies in terms of more sustainable and resilient agriculture.
Coming to Terms with the Legacies of the Pound Model in Animal Sheltering in the United States
Authors: Guenther Katja M. , Hassen Kristen
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the legacies of the emergence of the animal control and sheltering industry in the United States and their impact on contemporary public animal shelters. While decades of gradual reform have helped substantially reduce the number of animals entering shelters and being killed there, contemporary animal sheltering largely continues to follow the path set when animal sheltering developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Three key interrelated legacies of the pound model of early animal control and sheltering enduringly shape sheltering today: (1) the institutional culture of animal shelters grounded in the logics of caging and killing; (2) the lack of visibility and transparency, especially within government shelters; and (3) the economic logics of the pound model, including the disparities in sheltering resources across communities. Examining the origins of animal control and sheltering and identifying the specific legacies of this pound model within contemporary government-funded shelters improves understanding of why such shelters in the US have developed with a particular set of practices and ideologies, and thus provides an important footing for envisioning and enacting radical changes in animal sheltering.
Dirofilaria sp. and Blood Meal Analysis in Mosquitoes Collected in Vojvodina and Mačva, and the First Report of Setaria tundra (Issaitshikoff & Rajewskaya, 1928) in Serbia
Authors: Šiljegović Sara , Mouillaud Théo , Jiolle Davy , Petrić Dušan , Ignjatović-Ćupina Aleksandra , Vasić Ana , Paupy Christophe , Kavran Mihaela
Published: April 2024

Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens are the two most widespread and important species of mosquito-borne nematodes, posing a significant threat to veterinary health and particularly affecting canines and felines. While D. immitis causes cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis, D. repens causes subcutaneous infections in dogs and other carnivores. Despite the extensive knowledge on these parasites, little is known about their natural vectors in Serbia. The parasite Setaria tundra, known to infect deer, has not yet been detected in Serbia but has been documented in neighboring countries. Thus, the aim of this study was to (i) further map out Dirofilaria sp. hotspots in the Vojvodina Province and detect S. tundra for the first time, (ii) detect positive mosquito species that can provide insights into how the nematodes spread in Serbia, and (iii) analyze the blood-fed female mosquitoes of species found to be infected, in order to identify the potential source of parasite infection. A total of 2902 female mosquitoes were collected across 73 locations during 2021 and 2022. Molecular biology methods, based on conventional PCR, were used to analyze non-blood-fed (2521 specimens) and blood-fed (381 specimens) female mosquitos, in order to detect filarial nematode presence and identify blood-meal sources, respectively. When the parasite genome was detected, the amplicon (cox1 gene, 650 bp fragment) was sent for Sanger sequencing, further confirming the presence of nematodes and species assignation. D. immitis was detected in three Culex pipiens mosquitoes collected in Zrenjanin (August 2021) and Glogonj and Svetozar Miletić (both in July 2021). Additionally, Setaria tundra was detected in Aedes vexans collected in Iđoš (mid-August 2021) and Aedes caspius, which was collected in Mali Iđoš (end of July 2021). This work identifies two new locations where D. immitis occurs in Vojvodina, and is the first report of S. tundra in Serbian territory. Blood-meal analysis provided insights into the preferences of mosquitoes that were positive for Dirofilaria sp. and S. tundra.
Shear Strength and Durability of Expansive Soil Treated with Recycled Gypsum and Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Adajar Mary Ann , Tan Jomari , Ang Allaina Bernice , Lim Miles Louis , Seng Kendrick Roy , Sy Vince Patrick
Published: April 2024

Expansive soil underlying structures pose a significant risk to the integrity of superstructures. Chemical soil stabilization can be used to strengthen soils due to the cost and impracticality of mechanical approaches. Waste materials such as recycled gypsum and rice husk ash have been considered alternatives because of their sustainable and economic advantages. A combination of these additives was used to address the high absorption of gypsum and the lack of cohesion of the pozzolan. The study assessed the short-term and long-term performance of expansive soil treated with recycled gypsum and rice husk ash under normal and fluctuating moisture conditions. Direct shear tests indicated ductile and compressive soil behavior with improved shear strength. A good approximation of stress–strain response was made with a modified hyperbolic model for treated soils that exhibited strain hardening and compressive volumetric strain. Durability and water immersion tests were performed for samples after varying curing periods and cycles of capillary soaking to assess the behavior when exposed to varied environmental conditions. Samples under the modified durability test experienced significant strength loss, with decreasing compressive strength as curing durations increased. Specimens in the modified water immersion test experienced significant strength loss; however, it was determined that curing durations did not contribute to the change in the strength of the sample. Expansion index tests also determined that the treatment effectively mitigated expansivity and collapsibility in all samples. Despite improvement in shear strength and expansion potential, further investigation is needed to enhance the durability of soil treated with gypsum and rice husk ash.
Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) and Deep Representations of Emotional Features for the Recognition and Evaluation of Emotions in Spoken English
Authors: Wang Liyan , Yang Jun , Wang Yongshan , Qi Yong , Wang Shuai , Li Jian
Published: April 2024

This study is dedicated to developing an innovative method for evaluating spoken English by integrating large language models (LLMs) with effective space learning, focusing on the analysis and evaluation of emotional features in spoken language. Addressing the limitation of current spoken English evaluation software that primarily focuses on acoustic features of speech (such as pronunciation, frequency, and prosody) while neglecting emotional expression, this paper proposes a method capable of deeply recognizing and evaluating emotional features in speech. The core of the method comprises three main parts: (1) the creation of a comprehensive spoken English emotion evaluation dataset combining emotionally rich speech data synthesized using LLMs with the IEMOCAP dataset and student spoken audio; (2) an emotion feature encoding network based on transformer architecture, dedicated to extracting effective spatial features from audio; (3) an emotion evaluation network for the spoken English language that accurately identifies emotions expressed by Chinese students by analyzing different audio characteristics. By decoupling emotional features from other sound characteristics in spoken English, this study achieves automated emotional evaluation. This method not only provides Chinese students with the opportunity to improve their ability to express emotions in spoken English but also opens new research directions in the fields of spoken English teaching and emotional expression evaluation.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Highway Subgrade in Cold Regions under Different Conditions
Authors: Wang Zecheng , Li Dongwei , Jia Zhiwen , Wang Zhenhua , Sun Qiao
Published: April 2024

In order to study the changes in the mechanical properties of road subgrade in cold areas after the freezing and thawing of highways in cold areas, indoor mechanical tests were carried out to investigate the effects of the number of freeze–thaw cycles, freezing temperature, water content, and circumferential pressure on the mechanical properties of road subgrade soil in cold areas after thawing. The mechanical properties of road subgrade soil in cold areas after thawing were measured under different conditions. The test results show that, within the study range: (1) After 7 freeze–thaw cycles, the destructive stress of the subgrade soil decreased from 321.7 kPa to 289.9 kPa, a decrease of 9.9%, and the elastic modulus decayed by 19.9%. (2) When the freezing temperature was reduced from −5 °C to −15 °C, the destructive stress of the subgrade soil decreased from 303.9 kPa to 290.1 kPa, a decrease of 13.8 kPa, approximately 4.5%, and the decrease in modulus of elasticity was about 1.6%. (3) The water content increased from 6% to 12%, and the destructive stress decreased from 405.43 kPa to 288.4 kPa, a decrease of 29.1%, and the modulus of elasticity decreased approximately linearly, with an attenuation of 50.4%. (4) The peripheral pressure increased from 50 kPa to 150 kPa, and the destructive stress increased from 194.7 kPa to 367.7 kPa, a growth of 88.8%, and its modulus of elasticity increased with the increase in peripheral pressure, an increase of 154.1%. The results of this research can provide a reference for highway and engineering construction in the western silt–soil distribution area.
Virtual Reality in Cultural Heritage: A Setup for Balzi Rossi Museum
Authors: Iacono Saverio , Scaramuzzino Matteo , Martini Luca , Panelli Chiara , Zolezzi Daniele , Perotti Massimo , Traverso Antonella , Vercelli Gianni Viardo
Published: April 2024

This study presents the creation of a virtual reality experience for the Museo Preistorico dei Balzi Rossi e Zona Archeologica (hence Balzi Rossi Museum) commemorating the centenary of Prince Albert I Grimaldi’s archaeological work at the site. The project aims to preserve and convey the site’s heritage through advanced VR technology. Photogrammetry was used for 3D reconstruction of the entire Balzi Rossi coastal cliffs, including the notable “Caviglione” and “Florestano” caves, known for their upper Paleolithic rock engravings. Two subsequent development phases produced the final public VR experience, incorporating Nanite technology for enhanced visual fidelity. This advancement resulted in a more detailed and immersive VR experience, presenting the Balzi Rossi cliffs across different historical periods, including the Würm glaciation. Key to this phase was optimizing the VR experience for performance, focusing on stable frame rates and minimizing motion sickness, and integrating a multi-lingual interface for broader accessibility. Since November 2023, the VR setup at Balzi Rossi Museum has been an educational and interactive feature enabling visitors to virtually explore the site’s history. This study aims to describe a process for optimizing and enabling the creation of VR experiences while maintaining a high polygon count within the context of small teams.
Detecting Fatigue during Exoskeleton-Assisted Trunk Flexion Tasks: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Kuber Pranav Madhav , Godbole Hrushikesh , Rashedi Ehsan
Published: April 2024

Back-Support Industrial Exoskeletons (BSIEs) can be beneficial in reducing the risk of injury due to overexertion during trunk flexion tasks. Most real-world tasks include complex body movements, leading to mixed outcomes that necessitate field-based methods for detecting overall physical demands. Monitoring fatigue can be beneficial in this regard to ensure that benefits of BSIEs are translated to the real world. Our experiment included 14 participants, who performed 30 repetitions of 45° trunk-flexion while assisted by a BSIE, first without fatigue and then at medium-high back fatigue (7/10 in the Borg scale). We extracted 135 features from recorded muscle activity, trunk motion, and whole-body stability across bending, transition, and retraction portions of each trunk-flexion cycle. Four classification algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost (XGB), were implemented to assess fatigue prediction. XGB (Accuracy: 86.1%, Recall: 86%, Specificity: 86.3%) was effective in classifying fatigue with data obtained from a single EMG sensor located on the lower back (erector spinae) muscle. Meanwhile, stability measures showed high predictability with both RF (92.9%, 91.9%, 94.1%) and XGB (93.5, 94.1%, 93.1%). Findings demonstrate the success of force plates, and when replaced by pressure insoles, they can facilitate real-world fatigue detection during BSIE-assisted trunk-flexion tasks.
Through the Eyes of the Beholder: Motifs (Re)Interpreted in the 27th Dynasty
Authors: Stevens Marissa
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to highlight examples of artistic motifs common throughout Egyptian history but augmented in novel ways during the 27th Dynasty, a time when Egypt was part of the Achaemenid empire and ruled by Persian kings. These kings represented themselves as traditional pharaohs within Egypt’s borders and utilized longstanding Egyptian artistic motifs in their monumental constructions. These motifs, however, were manipulated in subtle ways to send targeted messages to audience(s) of this art. Art historians tend to situate visual styles and motifs within the longue durée of artistic tradition and pick a singular, official, and centralized perspective to narrate the history and reception of that art. In the case of Egypt, this perspective is often that of the king, and there is an assumption that there was a monolithic message sent to his people. But we are not dealing with a homogenous people; a diverse population would have had varied reactions to and interpretations of this visual signaling. By highlighting both the augmentation of traditional motifs undertaken by the Achaemenid administration and the multiplicity of perspectives they held for their audience(s), we can better understand ancient art as being dynamic in function and interpretation, rather than as a static snapshot of carbon-copied royal authority.
On the Convergence of an Approximation Scheme of Fractional-Step Type, Associated to a Nonlinear Second-Order System with Coupled In-Homogeneous Dynamic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Fetecău Constantin , Moroşanu Costică , Pavăl Silviu-Dumitru
Published: April 2024

The paper concerns a nonlinear second-order system of coupled PDEs, having the principal part in divergence form and subject to in-homogeneous dynamic boundary conditions, for both θ(t,x) and φ(t,x). Two main topics are addressed here, as follows. First, under a certain hypothesis on the input data, f1, f2, w1, w2, α, ξ, θ0, α0, φ0, and ξ0, we prove the well-posedness of a solution θ,α,φ,ξ, which is θ(t,x),α(t,x)∈Wp1,2(Q)×Wp1,2(Σ), φ(t,x),ξ(t,x)∈Wν1,2(Q)×Wp1,2(Σ), ν=min{q,μ}. According to the new formulation of the problem, we extend the previous results, allowing the new mathematical model to be even more complete to describe the diversity of physical phenomena to which it can be applied: interface problems, image analysis, epidemics, etc. The main goal of the present paper is to develop an iterative scheme of fractional-step type in order to approximate the unique solution to the nonlinear second-order system. The convergence result is established for the new numerical method, and on the basis of this approach, a conceptual algorithm, alg-frac_sec-ord_u+varphi_dbc, is elaborated. The benefit brought by such a method consists of simplifying the computations so that the time required to approximate the solutions decreases significantly. Some conclusions are given as well as new research topics for the future.
TRAF1 from a Structural Perspective
Authors: Jang Hyunseok , Kim Subin , Kim Do Yeon , Han Ju Hee , Park Hyun Ho
Published: April 2024

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins play pivotal roles in a multitude of cellular signaling pathways, encompassing immune response, cell fate determination, development, and thrombosis. Their involvement in these processes hinges largely on their ability to interact directly with diverse receptors via the TRAF domain. Given the limited binding interface, understanding how specific TRAF domains engage with various receptors and how structurally similar binding interfaces of TRAF family members adapt their distinct binding partners has been the subject of extensive structural investigations over several decades. This review presents an in-depth exploration of the current insights into the structural and molecular diversity exhibited by the TRAF domain and TRAF-binding motifs across a range of receptors, with a specific focus on TRAF1.
The Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label, Controlled POLBOS 3 Trial Comparing Regular Drug-Eluting Stents and the Sirolimus-Eluting BiOSS LIM C Dedicated Coronary Bifurcation Stent: Four-Year Results
Authors: Gil Robert J. , Kern Adam , Bojko Krystian , Gziut-Rudkowska Aneta , Vassilev Dobrin , Bil Jacek
Published: April 2024

This multicenter, randomized study aimed to compare the sirolimus-eluting BiOSS LIM C dedicated coronary bifurcation stent with second-generation -limus drug-eluting stents (rDESs) in the treatment of non-left main (non-LM) coronary bifurcation. The deployment of a single stent in the main vessel–main branch across a side branch was the default strategy in all patients. The primary endpoint was the rate of major cardiovascular events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization) at 48 months. We enrolled 230 patients, allocating 116 patients to the BiOSS LIM C group and 114 patients to the rDES group. Most procedures were elective (BiOSS vs. rDES: 48.3% vs. 59.6%, p = 0.09) and performed in bifurcations within the left anterior descending/diagonal branch (BiOSS vs. rDES: 51.7% vs. 61.4%, p = 0.15). At 48 months, there were no statistically significant differences between the BiOSS and rDES groups in terms of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), or target lesion revascularization (TLR) as follows: MACEs—18.1% vs. 14.9%, HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.62–2.22, and p = 0.33; cardiac death—4.3% vs. 3.5%, HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.33–4.56, and p = 0.75; MI—2.6% vs. 3.5%, HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.17–3.23, and p = 0.68; and TLR—11.2% vs. 7.9%, HR 1.66, 95% CI 0.75–3.71, and p = 0.21. The implantation success rate of the BiOSS LIM C stent was very high, and the cumulative MACE rates were promising. The POLBOS 3 trial sets an important benchmark for treating non-LM coronary bifurcations (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03548272).
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Providers’ Mental Health: Experiences at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Ogello Vallery , Thuo Nicholas , Okello Phelix , Wairimu Njeri , Mwangi Paul , Maina Gakuo , Mwenda Harrison , Mutua Paul , Kinuthia John , Ongeri Linnet , Mugo Nelly , Ngure Kenneth
Published: April 2024

Background: In 2020, healthcare providers were expected to provide care to individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), putting them at risk of acquiring COVID-19. The possibility of acquiring poorly understood infectious diseases while providing care may have an impact on the mental health of providers. We conducted a study to explore the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare providers. Methods: Between April and August 2021, we conducted in-depth interviews with 60 healthcare providers in the infectious disease unit (IDU) and other units of the hospital (non-IDU). The healthcare providers completed an online self-administered survey form with demographic data (age, sex, average income, and known contact with a COVID-19 patient). We used semi-structured interview guides to understand the healthcare providers’ lived experiences of stress, anxiety, depression, and their associated factors. We transcribed the interviews verbatim and coded and analyzed the transcripts to derive thematic concepts related to mental health experiences. Results: The healthcare providers had a median age of 37 years [IQR 20.0–58.0], and 56.7% were female, 30.0% nurses, 18.3% medical doctors, and 11.7% laboratory technologists. The healthcare providers reported increased stress during the pandemic, attributed to the high demand for patient care, changes in social life, and fear of COVID-19 infection. They also reported experiences of anxiety and depression as a result of limited knowledge at the beginning of the pandemic and the perception that “COVID-19 resulted in death”. Testing positive for COVID-19, high exposure to COVID-19 risks, and the death of patients and colleagues reportedly affected the healthcare providers’ mental health. Additionally, the healthcare providers reported mental health support through debriefing meetings, peer-to-peer support, and psychological counseling, with privacy and confidentiality concerns. Conclusions: Healthcare providers faced mental health issues such as stress and anxiety while taking care of COVID-19 patients. An effective mental health response requires institutional practices that address context-specific challenges such as privacy and confidentiality.
Self-Control, Openness, Personal Need for Structure and Compensatory Control Change: A Serial Mediation Investigation
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Wang Yuying , Wei Liuqing , Ma Yu , Chen Yunyun , Zhang Xuemin
Published: April 2024

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous studies have indicated that individuals are confronting a diminished sense of control. Compensatory control theory suggests that individuals strive to mitigate this loss by modifying their behavior. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between self-control and compensatory control change during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the mediating effects of openness and the personal need for structure. Participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of Personal Need for Structure Scale, Self-Control Scale, Openness Scale and Compensatory Control Change Scale. The results showed that the compensatory control change increased after the outbreak. Moreover, a serial mediation was found: openness and the personal need for structure partially mediated the relationship between self-control and compensatory control change. The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in compensatory control behaviors, especially among those with pronounced self-control. High self-control individuals are found to exhibit greater openness, reducing their personal need for structure, in effect enhancing their compensatory control change. These findings highlight the critical role of self-control in sustaining a sense of control, which is vital for understanding psychological health management in the context of public health events.