bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Insight into the Role of Obesity-Related Adipokines in Ovarian Cancer—State-of-the-Art Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kołakowska Klaudia , Kiśluk Joanna , Nikliński Jacek
Published: February 2025

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most fatal gynecological neoplasms. Meta-analyses have shown that the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and ovarian cancer incidence was detected in some types of ovarian cancer. Chronic inflammation and excessive accumulation of free fatty acids are key adipose tissue-derived factors initiating cancer development. Cancer cells transform adipose-derived stem cells into cancer-associated adipocytes, which produce adipokines and interleukins. It was revealed that adipokines exert a pleiotropic role in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Chemerin presents both pro-cancer and anti-cancer action in ovarian cancer development. Chemerin induces angiogenesis and increases programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, leading to enhanced proliferation and migration of OC cells. Apelin impacts cancer cell migration and acts as a mitogenic factor. Moreover, apelin exerts influence on lipid uptake into cancer cells and accelerates fatty acid oxidation, which provides energy for cancer cells. Visfatin induces matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) expression involved in extracellular matrix degradation and suppresses claudin 3 and 4 expression. Visfatin also induces a shift to anaerobic glucose metabolism and influences poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Resistin induces MMP2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and contributes to cisplatin-resistance development. A substantial body of evidence indicates that antagonists of adipokines mitigate OC progression, and adipokines are gaining gradual recognition as a potential therapeutic aim in ovarian cancer targeted therapy.
Molecular Research on Diabetes
Authors: Puddu Alessandra , Maggi Davide C.
Published: February 2025

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences collects the latest research on different biological processes and molecular mechanisms that cause diabetes [...]
Evaluation of Motiv-ARCHE in the Santa Clara Museum
Authors: González Vargas Juan Camilo , Fabregat Ramon , Carrillo-Ramos Angela , Jové Teodor
Published: February 2025

Currently, heritage sites, such as museums, have focused on the preservation and conservation of heritage elements for present and future generations. However, when displaying their content, they often do not consider different types of visitors, their preferences regarding the type and format of content, their interests, or their information needs (the same content is always presented). All of this can reduce the number of visits and the motivation of visitors. To address this issue, Motiv-ARCHE was developed as an application designed to enhance motivation in learning about cultural and natural heritage using augmented reality (AR). Motiv-ARCHE was implemented using the design-based research (DBR) methodology, an iterative approach that allows user feedback. In this article, we concentrate on presenting an experiment conducted at the Santa Clara Museum (Bogotá) in which a group of 44 participants used Motiv-ARCHE to access content associated with 10 cultural heritage elements that had been previously co-created with heritage experts from the museum itself. To evaluate the experiment, motivation and technology acceptance tests were applied, along with a demographic questionnaire, to statistically analyze whether the examined variables influence motivation for learning about cultural and natural heritage. Among the results, it is noteworthy that users with greater knowledge of AR, cultural and natural heritage, and a higher frequency of using this type of application felt more motivated to learn about heritage elements.
Digital Media Victimization Among Older Adults in Upper-Southern Thailand
Authors: Pituk Pimpisa , Chutipattana Nirachon , Laor Pussadee , Sukdee Thitipong , Kittikun Jiraprapa , Jitwiratnukool Witchayaporn , Fajriyah Rohmatul , Saisanan Na Ayudhaya Wanvisa
Published: February 2025

Online fraud threatens the well-being of older adults, with disparities in digital literacy and socioeconomic conditions amplifying their vulnerability. This study examined digital literacy and fraud victimization behavior among older adults in urban and rural settings, identifying key factors influencing victimization and its consequences. This cross-sectional analytical study, using multi-stage sampling, included 864 participants from Southern Thailand. The findings revealed that 46.3% of participants had adequate digital literacy, while 75.3% experienced fraud victimization, with higher rates of health impacts in rural areas. Higher age (Adjusted Odds Ratios; AOR: 1.83, p = 0.004), income (AOR: 2.28, p = 0.003), and rural residence (AOR: 3.03, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of fraudulent victimization. Conversely, being non-Buddhist (AOR: 0.47, p = 0.001) and having an adequate digital literacy (AOR: 0.50, p < 0.001) were protective factors. Fraud victimization significantly affected older adults’ health, with 29.5% reporting the following adverse outcomes: physical (AOR: 5.55), emotional (AOR: 7.80), social (AOR: 4.97), and overall heightened health risks (AOR: 7.71, p < 0.001). This research highlights the importance of improving digital literacy, fostering community awareness, and implementing tailored fraud-prevention strategies to protect older adults. This study provides a foundation for evidence-based policies aimed at mitigating digital risks and enhancing older adults’ well-being in the digital era.
Ultrastructure of the Sensilla on Antennae and Mouthparts of Larval and Adult Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae)
Authors: Xu Yuanchang , He Pengbo , Lu Faxu , Li Mengjiao , Munir Shahzad , Zhao Mingfu , Wu Yixin , He Yueqiu , Tang Guowen
Published: February 2025

The quarantine pest, Cylas formicarius, is a key pest of sweet potatoes during both production and storage, posing a major threat to food security in various countries. To investigate behavioral mechanisms, the ultrastructure of the heads of larval and adult stages was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, with an emphasis on the sensilla of the mouthparts and antennae. The results reveal degeneration of the antennae and ocelli in larvae. The larval mouthparts are equipped with three types and six subtypes of sensilla. Both male and female adults have four types and six subtypes of sensilla on their mouthparts. Compared to larvae, the adult mouthparts display a greater diversity of sensilla types and higher numbers of sensilla basicaonica (SB), sensilla chaetica (SC), and sensilla digitiformia (SD). Adult antennae consist of a scape, a pedicel, and eight flagellomeres (F1–F8), with F8 showing sexual dimorphism. Seven types of sensilla, excluding SB and sensilla ligulate (SL), each with two subtypes, were identified on the antennae of adults of both sexes. SC, sensilla furcatea, Böhm bristles, and SL were newly observed in the antennae of C. formicarius adults. Additionally, one type and seven subtypes of sensilla on the adult antennae exhibit distinct sexual dimorphism in terms of structure or number. The relationship between the head structure and adaptability of C. formicarius was examined, and the functions of each sensilla were discussed, providing a theoretical basis for future studies on the behavior of this pest.
Evaluating Epicardial Fat Density Using ROI-Based Analysis: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Lorusso Giovanni , Maggialetti Nicola , De Marco Luca , Guerra Sterpeta , Villanova Ilaria , Greco Sara , Morelli Chiara , Lucarelli Nicola Maria , Mariano Michele , Stabile Ianora Amato Antonio
Published: February 2025

Epicardial fat density (EFD) is implicated in cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the regional variability of epicardial fat density (EFD) using coronary computed tomography (CCT) and evaluate the feasibility of ROI-based measurements as an alternative to full segmentation. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 171 patients undergoing coronary CCT. EFD was measured on non-contrast scans acquired globally and in three predefined regions of interest (ROIs) for coronary calcium scoring: the aortic bulb, right posterolateral wall, and cardiac apex. Global EFD was quantified using semi-automated segmentation software (3D Slicer 5.6.2), while regional EFD values were manually determined. Statistical analyses were performed to compare global and regional EFD measurements. Global EFD averaged −83.92 ± 5.19 HU, while regional EFD showed significant variability. The aortic bulb had lower EFD values (−97.54 ± 12.80 HU) compared to the apex (−93.42 ± 18.94 HU) and right posterolateral wall (−94.99 ± 12.16 HU). Paired t-tests confirmed statistically significant differences between global and regional EFD values (p < 0.000). This study highlights significant regional variability in EFD across specific cardiac regions, suggesting that ROI-based assessments may not reliably reflect global EFD characteristics.
A New Hope for Woman with Vasomotor Symptoms: Neurokinin B Antagonists
Authors: Meczekalski Blazej , Kostrzak Anna , Unogu Christian , Bochynska Stefania , Maciejewska-Jeske Marzena , Bala Gregory , Szeliga Anna
Published: February 2025

KNDy (kisspeptine, neurokinin B, dynorphin) neurons, located in the hypothalamus, play a crucial role in the development of vasomotor symptoms (VSM) in menopausal women. Estrogen withdrawal during menopause leads to the hyperactivation of kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) secretion, contributing to the onset of these symptoms. The identification of NKB/neurokinin B receptor (NK3R) signaling as a key mechanism in menopausal hot flashes has driven the development of NK3R antagonists. These antagonists restore the disrupted balance in KNDy neuron activity caused by estrogen deficiency, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of VMS. In 2023, the FDA approved fezolinetant, the first selective NK3R antagonist, for the treatment of moderate to severe VMS associated with menopause. Additionally, elinzanetant, a dual neurokinin-1 and neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist, has demonstrated promising results. The approval application for elinzanetant was supported by positive findings from the OASIS 1, 2, and 3 Phase III clinical studies. The dual antagonism of NK-1 and NK-3 receptors enhances its efficacy by alleviating menopause-related sleep disturbances and modulating peripheral vasodilatation. In this regard, elinzanetant represents a promising non-hormonal treatment that targets the underlying causes of VMS through NK-1 and NK-3 receptor pathways. The development of neurokinin B antagonist for VMS treatment exemplifies the impact of advanced pharmacological research on gynecological endocrinology.
Three-Year Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases in District of Constance, Germany. A Prospective, Controlled Cohort Study (FSC19-KN)
Authors: Kohler Ann-Kathrin , Richter Stephan , Schmid Michael , Zimmermann Heidi , Winterer Hannes , Schneider Steffen , Kollum Marc
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Long-term sequalae of viral diseases, especially after infections with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), can induce multi-organ involvement, as around 65 million people worldwide report persistent symptoms that go far beyond the acute course. Studies indicate that early virus variants pose a higher risk of developing post-COVID-19 conditions. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the possible long-term effects based on the hospitalization rates and associated clinical events in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 over an observational period of three years after the initial infection. Secondarily, an investigation of health-related quality of life and functional status was performed. Methods and Materials: The study presented was designed as a prospective, controlled cohort study to follow up on COVID-19 cases in the district of Konstanz, Germany (FSC19-KN). The positive group included subjects who had a primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 between March and December 2020. The control group included subjects who did not have a SARS-CoV-2 infection, as evidenced by a negative antibody test. As the primary endpoint, hospitalization rates and respective related admission diagnosis during the observational period of three years from January 2021 until July 2024 were analyzed. The health-related quality of life and functional outcomes were measured by the SF-36 questionnaire and Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) as the secondary endpoint. Results: During the three years of observation after inclusion in the study, the hospitalization rate did not differ significantly between the two groups of initially infected and non-infected subjects (cumulative events, verum group 57 to control group 45, OR 1.24, CI 0.83; 1.85, p = 0.30). However, the health-related quality of life, measured by SF-36 sub scores of the SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects, achieved significantly lower results, except for the dimension ‘energy and fatigue’, in which subjects of the verum group still achieved significantly lower scores. Conclusions: Mild COVID-19 cases have no significant impact on hospitalization rates during an observational period of three years after initial infection. Yet, SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects reported a reduced health-related quality of life and functional outcomes. Ultimately, only the sub score quality ‘energy and fatigue’ still registered significant differences between both cohorts at the end of the three-year observational period.
The Effects of Kinesio Tape on Acute Ankle Sprain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bocchino Guido , Grassa Daniele , Bove Antonio , Salvini Matteo , Kaplan Rami , Di Gialleonardo Emidio , Forconi Fabrizio , Maccauro Giulio , Vitiello Raffaele
Published: February 2025

Background: An ankle sprain is a frequent musculoskeletal injury, often leading to chronic instability and an increased risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Kinesio Tape, an elastic adhesive tape, is widely used in rehabilitation for its supposed benefits in reducing pain, controlling edema, and improving ankle function. However, its effectiveness in managing acute ankle sprains remains debated. Methods: This systematic review aims to evaluate the evidence on the impact of Kinesio Taping on pain reduction, edema control, and return to sport in patients with acute ankle sprains. A systematic review was conducted in line with the PRISMA guidelines. The literature from PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library was searched for studies published from 2004 to 2024. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 247 patients with acute ankle sprains. Data on patient demographics, follow-up duration, Kinesio Taping protocols, and clinical outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Results: The review revealed mixed findings. Some studies reported short-term pain relief and reduced need for analgesics in the Kinesio Taping group, especially when combined with manual therapy. However, no significant differences were found in the edema control compared to bracing or casting. Functional recovery, as assessed by scales like the Karlsson scoring scale, showed no clear advantage for Kinesio Taping over other treatments. Conclusions: Kinesio Taping provides limited benefits for ankle sprain management, particularly in terms of long-term functional recovery and edema reduction. While it may offer short-term pain relief, it should be considered as an adjunctive treatment rather than a primary intervention.
Aortic Valve Replacement in the Current Era
Authors: Parness Shannon , Womble Jack T. , Hester Tori E. , Tasoudis Panagiotis , Merlo Aurelie E.
Published: February 2025

Aortic valve disease (AVD) is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the surgical treatment for those with severe disease. Common etiologies of AVD include aortic stenosis (AS), aortic insufficiency (AI), endocarditis, and congenital diseases. Shared decision-making plays a large role in the treatment methodology chosen for each patient. Selection of valve type and surgical intervention requires strong considerations of age and compatibility with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) to ensure optimal post-operative outcomes. Due to the development of novel surgical techniques, including transcatheter AVR (TAVR) and placement of sutureless valves, patients who previously had limited access to AVD surgical options can now be considered for AVR. Further research into therapeutic development is imperative to improve patient short- and long-term outcomes as well as widen surgical candidacy for those seeking AVR for the management of AVD. Overall, AVR will continue to hold its prominent role in the treatment of AVD.
The Efficacy and Safety of Pelubiprofen in the Treatment of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Phase III Clinical Trial Compared to Loxoprofen
Authors: Jang An Soo , Kim Sang Hoon , Lee Sang Pyo , Na Moon Jun , Yoo Kwang Ha , Park Chang Han , Park Seong Yeon , Choi Byoung Whui
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common illnesses that cause significant discomfort due to symptoms such as fever, headache, sore throat, and muscle pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for symptom relief due to their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Pelubiprofen, a new NSAID, has not been extensively evaluated for its efficacy and safety in treating URTI-related symptoms, particularly fever. This study aimed to demonstrate that pelubiprofen is not inferior to loxoprofen in reducing fever in patients with URTIs. Methods: This phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial involved 181 adults with URTI-related fever (≥38.0 °C), who were randomly assigned to receive pelubiprofen or loxoprofen at a 1:1 ratio. The primary end point was decreasing axillary temperature 4 h post-dose. Secondary end points included fever reduction, pain relief based on the visual analog scale (VAS), and safety. Results: Of the 181 participants, 130 (pelubiprofen [n = 61] and loxoprofen group [n = 69]) underwent randomization. The mean reduction in axillary temperature at 4 h post-dose was comparable between the two groups (−0.08 ± 0.62 °C). The lower bound of the 97.5% one-sided confidence interval was −0.30 °C, which is greater than the non-inferiority margin of 0.35 °C, demonstrating the non-inferiority of pelubiprofen to loxoprofen. The secondary outcomes showed no significant differences in efficacy or safety (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Pelubiprofen is not inferior to loxoprofen in reducing fever associated with URTIs and is a safe and effective treatment option. Registration: (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01779271).
Decreased PAX6 and DSG1 Protein Expression in Corneal Epithelium of Patients with Epithelial Basal Membrane Dystrophy, Salzmann Nodular Degeneration, and Pterygium
Authors: Stachon Tanja , Fries Fabian N. , Li Zhen , Daas Loay , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Seitz Berthold , Szentmáry Nóra
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Evaluation of stem cell, keratin, retinoic acid metabolism markers and non-coding micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in conjunctival and corneal samples of patients with epithelial basal membrane dystrophy (EBMD), Salzmann nodular degeneration (SND), pterygium and congenital aniridia (CA), to detect similarities and differences in their pathogenesis. Methods: Impression cytology (IC) samples and corneal epithelial samples (CEs) of patients with EBMD, SND, pterygium, congenital aniridia, and healthy control subjects have been analyzed. The IC samples were subjected to qPCR, and the epithelial samples were subjected to qPCR and WB. Limbal epithelial stem cell markers, keratins, retinoic acid metabolism markers, and miRNAs were analyzed. Results: In conjunctival IC samples, PAX6 mRNA expression was significantly lower in EBMD, SND, pterygium, and CA compared to healthy controls (p ≤ 0.02). KRT13 mRNA expression was significantly higher in EBMD, SND, and pterygium (p ≤ 0.018), and FABP5 was increased in pterygium samples (p = 0.007). MiRNA-138-5p was significantly higher in aniridia samples than in normal controls (p = 0.037). In corneal epithelial samples, PAX6 protein, DSG1 mRNA and protein, miRNA-138-5p, and miR-204-5p expression were significantly lower in EBMD, SND, and pterygium samples than in controls (p ≤ 0.02). ALDHA1 mRNA expression was significantly lower (p < 0.0001), and FABP5 mRNA expression was significantly higher (p = 0.014) in pterygium samples than in controls. Conclusions: PAX6, DSG1, miR-138-5p, and miR-204-5p expression is decreased in the corneal epithelium of epithelial basal membrane dystrophy, Salzmann nodular degeneration, and pterygium subjects. In addition, there is a dysregulation of markers of the retinoic acid signaling pathway, such as ADH1A1 and FABP5, in the corneal epithelium of pterygium subjects. These changes may offer therapeutic targets in the treatment of these ocular surface diseases.
Association Between Plasma Granzyme B Levels, Organ Failure, and 28-Day Mortality Prediction in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Ki Min Seo , Shin Ju Hye , Sung Min Dong , Chang Shihwan , Leem Ah Young , Lee Su Hwan , Park Moo Suk , Kim Young Sam , Chung Kyung Soo
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Sepsis is basically an inflammatory disease that involves the host’s immune response. Granzyme B, a cytotoxic protease, has garnered attention for its involvement in modulating immune responses. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical implications of granzyme B in critically ill patients with sepsis, focusing on plasma granzyme B levels as a potential prognostic marker. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of sequentially collected blood samples from 57 sepsis patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit at Severance Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Clinical and laboratory data were comparatively analyzed between 28-day survivors and nonsurvivors. Results: The number of patients in the survivor and nonsurvivor groups was 32 (56.1%) and 25 (43.9%), respectively. Compared to survivors, nonsurvivors had higher APACHE II (23.5 vs. 34, p = 0.007) and SOFA (10 vs. 15, p = 0.001) scores, as well as increased levels of serum lactate (1.8 vs. 9.2 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and plasma granzyme B (28.2 vs. 71 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Granzyme B exhibited a robust area under the receiving operating characteristic (AUROC) for predicting 28-day mortality (AUROC = 0.794), comparable to lactate (0.804), SOFA (0.764), and APACHE II (0.709). The combined index of lactate and granzyme B demonstrated the highest AUROC (0.838) among all investigated predictors. Significant positive correlations were observed between log granzyme B and various inflammatory cytokines, including log IFN-γ (r = 0.780), IL-4 (r = 0.540), IL-10 (r = 0.534), and IL-6 (r = 0.520). Conclusions: Plasma granzyme B demonstrated fair short-term mortality prediction among patients admitted to the ICU, suggesting its potential utility for risk stratification and managing patients with sepsis.
Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosures and Market Reaction of Thai-Listed Companies in the Alternative Capital Market
Authors: Suttipun Muttanachai , Lakkanawanit Pankaewta , Saramolee Alisara , Yaacob Zulnaidi , Srijunpetch Sillapaporn
Published: February 2025

The primary aim of this research is to investigate the influence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures on the market reaction companies listed in Thailand’s alternative capital market, specifically the Market for Alternative Investment (MAI). This interest stems from the growing body of ESG literature in Thailand. This study analyzes 555 corporate annual reports from 111 firms within the MAI, spanning from 2017 to 2021, to measure ESG disclosures through content analysis. The average common share price is used as a proxy for market reaction. Descriptive analysis, correlation metric, and multiple regression are used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that the most common ESG disclosures are social disclosure, governance disclosure, and environmental disclosure. Additionally, there is a noticeable increase in ESG disclosures over the study period. Underpinned by signaling theory, this study finds that governance disclosure positively affects market reaction, while environmental disclosure has a negative impact. Social disclosure shows no significant relationship with market reaction. The implication of this study is that ESG disclosure is crucial for firms due to its significant impact on investors’ investment decisions. Regulators can use the findings in several ways, such as establishing policies to promote or regulate governance disclosure that positively affects market reactions, providing guidelines for companies on effectively disclosing ESG information, communicating quality information, and building investor confidence.
Intergenerational Behavioral Transmission, Neighborhood Effects, and Farmers’ Farmland Quality Protection Behavior: A Case Study of Fertilizer Application in Gansu, China
Authors: Li Hao , Zhao Jiahui , Chang Wei-Yew , Fu Yiwa
Published: February 2025

Farmers’ decision-making behavior is shaped by familial intergenerational ties and neighborhood relations, yet research often treats them as independent decision-makers, overlooking these critical dynamics. This oversight can undermine the effectiveness of policies on farmland quality. Using micro-survey data from 1045 maize farmers in Gansu Province, China, this study explores farmers’ fertilizer reduction behavior through a theoretical framework that incorporates intergenerational behavioral transmission and neighborhood effects. Economically optimal fertilizer usage was calculated using the Cobb–Douglas production function, with hierarchical regression models and instrumental variable methods employed for analysis. Our findings reveal the following: (1) The Cobb–Douglas production function indicates that 74.1% of farmers apply more fertilizer than the economically optimal amount. (2) Effective intergenerational behavioral transmission and positive neighborhood effects significantly promote farmers’ adoption of reduced fertilizer application practices, with neighborhood effects further enhancing the effects of intergenerational behavioral transmission. (3) Stronger neighborhood effects not only enhance the positive impact of effective intergenerational behavioral transmission but also mitigate the negative impact of ineffective transmission. Additionally, neighborhood effects mediate the relationship between intergenerational behavioral transmission and fertilizer reduction. This study highlights the importance of kinship and neighborhood dynamics in shaping farmers’ fertilizer use and provides insights for designing more effective farmland quality protection policies. By acknowledging these relational factors, governments can better promote sustainable agricultural practices and minimize excessive fertilizer application.
English as Symbolic Capital: Globalization and the Linguistic Landscape of Armenia, Quindío (Colombia)
Authors: Guarín Daniel , Arias-Cortés Diego
Published: February 2025

This research investigates linguistic hybridization in a commercial corridor of Armenia, Colombia, focusing on the usage of Spanish and English in public signage, particularly business names. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, we conducted a statistical analysis employing Chi-square tests to explore the relationship between symbolic language choice and variables such as location and type of establishment. The results demonstrated a significant association between location and language choice (Χ2 = 39.353, p < .001), revealing that commercial zones with high tourist traffic exhibited a pronounced preference for English (46.55%), reflecting branding strategies aimed at attracting a younger, cosmopolitan audience. Conversely, traditional sectors such as health services (74.24% in Spanish) and religious institutions (80% in Spanish) predominantly utilized Spanish, emphasizing the community’s need for accessible communication. Additionally, establishments in the most commercial area highlighted the presence of hybrid names, indicating a blending of languages. Our findings suggest that the hybridization of English and Spanish serves as both a reflection and reinforcement of cultural identity and social hierarchies, emphasizing the role of linguistic capital in shaping social dynamics within the urban landscape of Armenia, Colombia.
(μ-Pentafluorophenylthiorato)(o-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene) Silver(I) Dimer
Authors: Tsukuda Toshiaki , Odagiri Yoshinori
Published: February 2025

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel thiolate-bridged heteroleptic dinuclear silver(I) complex, [Ag(μ-C6F5S)(dppbz)]2, incorporating o-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (dppbz). The complex was synthesized in high yield via the reaction of silver(I) oxide with pentafluorothiophenol and dppbz. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a distorted tetrahedral structure with an Ag2S2 core, where each Ag atom is coordinated by dppbz. The Ag…Ag distance (3.2652(3) Å) suggests weak argentophilic interaction. Notably, an uncommon intermolecular fluorine-fluorine contact is observed, likely stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding stabilizing the structure. The complex shows weak luminescence under UV radiation with an emission maximum at 514 nm.
Polysulfones Prepared by Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Sulfolane Derivatives: Density Functional Theory Calculations, Synthesis, Structure, and Polymer Reactions
Authors: Yamanishi Keisuke , Sato Eriko , Matsumoto Akikazu
Published: February 2025

Recently, the radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomers has become one of the most important topics because it can impart degradability to vinyl polymers by introducing functional groups and heteroatoms into the main chain through copolymerization with vinyl monomers. In this study, we investigated the possibility of the ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic sulfone compounds, including sulfolane and sulfolene derivatives. First, the reactions of 2,5-dimethyl-3-sulfolene (DMS) were predicted using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and the reaction product was actually examined after heating in the presence of a radical initiator. Next, we synthesized and polymerized 2-vinylsulfolane (2VS), which has been reported to undergo radical ring-opening polymerization in the literature and tried to modify the resulting polymers containing the unsaturated groups in the main chain via post-polymerization reaction by ene–thiol additions. We also examined the decomposition behavior of the polymer of 2VS before and after hydrogenation. Furthermore, we discussed the reactivity of 3-exomethylenesulfolane (3EMS), which is expected to exhibit radical ring-opening polymerization similar to 2VS, as well as the structure and reactivity of the corresponding polymer.
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Performance of A500 Bulletproof Steel Joints Welded with Austenitic and Ferritic Filler Materials
Authors: Bircan Mert , Pan Kaiyang , Zhao Hongshan , Fan Jianwen , Dong Han
Published: February 2025

This study examines the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of A500 bulletproof steel joints welded with austenitic stainless steel (ER371) and ferritic (T91) filler materials. While austenitic fillers are traditionally used in bulletproof steel welding to prevent cracking and hydrogen embrittlement, their lower hardness creates a potential weakness in welded joints. This research explores an alternative approach using a newly developed ferritic filler material to achieve strength matching with the base material. Detailed microstructural characterization was conducted using Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile testing, impact testing, and hardness measurements. The results revealed significantly different mechanical behaviors between the two filler materials, with the ferritic filler achieving superior weld metal hardness (470 HV1) compared to the austenitic filler (185 HV1) in WZ. The fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) exhibited the highest hardness (518 HV1) in A500-T91 joints and (480 HV1) in A500-ER371 joints, while ballistic testing demonstrated enhanced penetration resistance with the ferritic filler material.
Degradation Efficiency and Mechanism Exploration of an Fe78Si9B13 Metallic Glass Cathode in the Electro-Fenton Degradation of p-NP
Authors: Xie Jiatao , Hu Shengkang , Wei Mengyuan , Xie Shenghui
Published: February 2025

Fe-based metallic glass (MG) exhibits excellent performance as a heterogeneous catalyst in degradation but is rarely used as a working electrode in electro-Fenton (EF) systems. We used Fe78Si9B13 MG as the working electrode to investigate the effect of the EF process on the degradation efficiency of p-nitrophenol (p-NP). The EF system had the highest catalytic efficiency (the reaction rate was 3.4 times that of chemical degradation) at a voltage of −1 V (vs. SCE) and showed 95.6% degradation of p-NP within 30 min. The electrode voltage accelerated the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the system, thus promoting pollutant degradation. In addition, the Fe78Si9B13 MG cathode demonstrated good structural stability and reusability after 10 cycles. Fe78Si9B13 MG ribbons can serve as a suitable cathode material and provide potential optimization solutions for the degradation of organic pollutants.
Recycling of Lead-Acid Battery Electrodes Using Sb2O3 and CuO: Characterization and Electrochemical Investigations
Authors: Piscoiu Delia N. , Rada Simona , Macavei Sergiu , Barbu Lucian , Suciu Ramona , Culea Eugen
Published: February 2025

The recycling of spent automotive batteries is essential for minimizing their environmental impact. This requires eco-innovative methods with low cost and energy use. The present study explores the recycling of battery electrodes through the melt quenching method, a process that incorporates spent anode and cathode plates into a vitreous host matrix. Samples with the xCuO·10Sb2O3·(90 − x)[4PbO2·Pb] composition, where x = 0 to 30 mol% CuO, were prepared by the melt quenching method. The XRD analysis indicates the vitroceramic structures of the obtained samples. Thus, the presence of varied crystalline phases such as Pb2(SO4)O, PbSO4, and metallic Pb was detected. The SEM micrographs highlighted heterogeneous regions within the samples and showed a decreases of the size of crystallites with increased dopant concentrations. IR and UV-Vis spectra suggest that the copper ions act as network modifiers, creating bond defects and free oxygen ions, and yielding a reduction of the optical bandgap energy at higher dopant contents. EPR data show that the shape of the resonance lines and the coordination geometry of the Cu2+ ions are influenced by the dopant concentrations. The analysis of the voltammetric data indicates that doping the recycled material with 20 mol% CuO and 10 mol% Sb2O3 eliminates the process of hydrogen evolution and reduces the anodic electrode passivation.
Experimental Study on the Dynamic Properties of Granite with Filled Joints of Different Thicknesses
Authors: Wang Zhide , An Jiaxing , Xia Yuanyou , Si Yingying
Published: February 2025

To investigate the dynamic characteristics, energy dissipation patterns, and failure modes of granite with filled joints of varying thicknesses under impact loading, we utilized the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test setup for impact tests on both unfilled and filled granite samples. Additionally, a high-speed camera was used to capture the dynamic failure and crack propagation processes of the rock samples in real time. The results indicate that the thickness of the filling material significantly affects the stress–strain behavior of jointed rock masses, particularly in terms of characteristics of stress variation and post-peak morphology. In comparison to unfilled jointed rock samples, a distinct “stress bimodal” phenomenon is present, and the rebound of strain following the peak gradually decreases. The fracture patterns observed in the jointed rock samples are primarily characterized by tensile failure. Damage is notably more pronounced on the left side of the samples (near the incident bar), the lower side, and in the areas filled with gypsum. The most severe degree of damage occurs when the filling thickness is 7.56 mm. As the thickness of the filling increases, the dynamic compressive strength of the rock mass diminishes, and the peak strain first increases and then decreases. Concurrently, the energy reflection coefficient of the rock mass increases linearly, while the energy transmission coefficient declines linearly. Furthermore, the energy dissipation ratio first increases and then decreases. The test data reveal that the critical filling thickness influencing the dynamic properties, energy absorption characteristics, and damage degree of jointed rock samples falls within 4.91 mm to 7.56 mm.
Memory Devices with HfO2 Charge-Trapping and TiO2 Channel Layers: Fabrication via Remote and Direct Plasma Atomic Layer Deposition and Comparative Performance Evaluation
Authors: Hwang Inkook , Kim Jiwon , Lee Joungho , Jung Yeonwoong , Yoon Changbun
Published: February 2025

With the improvement of integration levels to several nanometers or less, semiconductor leakage current has become an important issue, and oxide-based semiconductors, which have replaced Si-based channel layer semiconductors, have attracted attention. Herein, we fabricated capacitors with a metal–insulator–semiconductor–metal structure using HfO2 thin films deposited at 240 °C and TiO2 thin films deposited at 300 °C via remote plasma (RP) and direct plasma (DP) atomic layer deposition and analyzed the effects of the charge-trapping and semiconducting properties of these films. Charge-trapping memory (CTM) devices with HfO2 (charge-trapping layer) and TiO2 (semiconductor) films were fabricated and characterized in terms of their memory properties. Al2O3 thin films were used as blocking and tunneling layers to prevent the leakage of charges stored in the charge-trapping layer. For the TiO2 layer, the heat-treatment temperature was optimized to obtain an anatase phase with optimal semiconductor properties. The memory characteristics of the RP HfO2–TiO2 CTM devices were superior to those of the DP HfO2–TiO2 CTM devices. This result was ascribed to the decrease in the extent of damage and contamination observed when the plasma was spaced apart from the deposited HfO2 and TiO2 layers (i.e., in the case of RP deposition) and the reduction in the concentration of oxygen vacancies at the interface and in the films.
Temperature-Dependent Effects on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance in Three Reciprocating Endodontic Systems: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Salamanca Ramos Marcela , Aranguren José , Malvicini Giulia , De Gregorio Cesar , Bonilla Carmen , Perez Alejandro R.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to analyze the effect of 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution at different temperatures on endodontic file resistance to cyclic fatigue. A total of 90 files, Reciproc NiTi M-Wire® (REC) (n = 30), WaveOne Gold® (WOG) (n = 30), and Reciproc Blue® (RB) (n = 30) were activated under constant irrigation with 1% NaOCl at 5, 37, and 60 °C in a stainless-steel artificial canal (curvature angle = 60°; radius = 5 mm). The time to the fracture and the maximum and minimum load were recorded for each instrument, and data were subjected to statistical analysis. A higher number of cycles to fracture at 5 °C was observed between WOG and RB compared to the REC system (p < 0.05). The RB files were more resistant to cyclic fatigue fracture at 60 °C than WOG and REC (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the mean values of the three file types used at 37 °C. The high temperature of NaOCl significantly affects the lifespan of endodontic files, making them more prone to fractures due to cyclic fatigue. The files manufactured with heat treatment showed a longer life than M-wire reciproc files.
Real-Time Detection and Monitoring of Oxide Layer Formation in 1045 Steel Using Infrared Thermography and Advanced Image Processing Algorithms
Authors: Morales-Cervantes Antony , Vergara-Hernández Héctor Javier , Guevara Edgar , Téllez-Martínez Jorge Sergio , Chávez-Campos Gerardo Marx
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the challenge of monitoring oxide layer formation in 1045 steel, a critical issue affecting mechanical properties and phase stability during high-temperature processes (900 °C). To tackle this, an image processing algorithm was developed to detect and segment regions of interest (ROIs) in oxidized steel surfaces, utilizing infrared thermography as a non-contact, real-time measurement technique. Controlled heating experiments ensured standardized data acquisition, and the algorithm demonstrated exceptional accuracy with performance metrics such as 96% accuracy and a Dice coefficient of 96.15%. These results underscore the algorithm’s capability to monitor oxide scale formation, directly impacting surface quality, thermal uniformity, and material integrity. The integration of thermography with machine learning techniques enhances steel manufacturing processes by enabling precise interventions, reducing material losses, and improving product quality. This work highlights the potential of advanced monitoring systems to address challenges in industrial steel production and contribute to the sustainability of advanced steel materials.
Preparation and Characteristics of Porous Mullite Ceramics by 3D Printing and In-Situ Synthesis
Authors: Wu Rina , Wang Chaochao , Xu Guodong , Fan Meiling , Huang Zhigang , Zeng Tao , Wang Xiaohong
Published: February 2025

In-situ porous mullite ceramics with varying pore size and porosity were fabricated using 3D printing. The pore size was controlled by adjusting the size of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres. The effect of sintering temperature on phase evolution was also examined. Additionally, the impact of PMMA microsphere size and content on the rheological properties of the printing inks was investigated. The results indicated that alumina and microsilica fully transformed into mullite at 1550 °C. The influence of PMMA microsphere content and size on the porosity, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of 3D-printed porous mullite ceramics was also studied. The 3D-printed porous mullite ceramic prepared with 15 μm PMMA microspheres exhibited a porosity of 44.38%, a flexural strength of 58.53 MPa, and a thermal conductivity of 2.21 W/(m·K). This printing strategy offers a simple and effective method for fabricating porous mullite ceramics.
GCN-Based Framework for Materials Screening and Phase Identification
Authors: Qin Zhenkai , Luo Qining , Qin Weiqi , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Hongfeng , Wong Cora Un In
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a novel framework using graph convolutional networks to analyze and interpret X-ray diffraction patterns, addressing challenges in phase identification for multi-phase materials. By representing X-ray diffraction patterns as graphs, the framework captures both local and global relationships between diffraction peaks, enabling accurate phase identification even in the presence of overlapping peaks and noisy data. The framework outperforms traditional machine learning models, achieving a precision of 0.990 and a recall of 0.872. This performance is attained with minimal hyperparameter tuning, making it scalable for large-scale material discovery applications. Data augmentation, including synthetic data generation and noise injection, enhances the model’s robustness by simulating real-world experimental variations. However, the model’s reliance on synthetic data and the computational cost of graph construction and inference remain limitations. Future work will focus on integrating real experimental data, optimizing computational efficiency, and exploring lightweight architectures to improve scalability for high-throughput applications.
Avoiding the Formation of Bubbles and Pits in Buffered Chemical Polishing for the Niobium Superconducting Cavity Through Adjusting the Acid Ratio
Authors: Wang Zheng , Chen Jinfang , Zong Yue , Xing Shuai , Wu Jiani , Huang Yawei , Wu Xiaowei , Xu Zhejia , He Xuhao , Wang Xiaohu , Huang Xuan , Chen Zhaoxi , Liu Xuerong , Wang Dong
Published: February 2025

Buffered chemical polishing (BCP) is an important and widely used polishing technique for superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities made of niobium. A common problem encountered during BCP is the formation of bubbles and W-shaped pits on the cavity surface, which may severely limit the RF performance. We report a method to address the problem of W-shaped pits through optimizing the BCP acid ratio. We systematically investigate the effect of the BCP acid ratio through sample and cavity BCP experiments and determine an optimal ratio for the three acids. The new BCP recipe with the optimal acid ratio is verified through the development of niobium cavities with several different shapes, which are shown to be free of pits and demonstrate excellent RF performance; notably, several 3.9 GHz nine-cell cavities present unprecedented accelerating gradients. Furthermore, the findings suggest a simple pit-free BCP recipe that does not require H3PO4, using only HF and HNO3. The method proposed in this study is also appropriate for suppressing pit formation with other acid mixtures or when polishing other metal objects.
Spontaneous Infiltration Behavior of Al Matrix into Carbon Fiber Bundles Induced by Al-Ni Binary Reaction
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Yang Xi , Liu Shichao , Zhang Junjia , Zhang Yubo , Li Tingju
Published: February 2025

In this study, a Ni-coated carbon fiber reinforced Al-matrix (Ni-CF/Al) composite is prepared utilizing a pressure-free infiltration process. The CFs are coated with a layer of Ni through an electroless plating process, which facilitates the spontaneous infiltration behavior driven by the Al-Ni binary reaction. The spontaneous infiltration process, observed via synchrotron radiation in the direction opposite to gravity, demonstrates a fastest velocity of 31.02 ± 1.08 μm/s. By increasing the infiltration temperature, the interfacial microstructure of the composite can be enhanced, characterized by a reduction in un-infiltrated defects and promoted by the interfacial Al-Ni reaction. Notably, large-size Al-Ni intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the interface are replaced by fine (Al+Al3Ni) eutectic structure, given an optimal fabrication temperature of 720 °C. This contributes to a significantly enhanced ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the composite, reaching a maximum of 135 ± 4 MPa, which is 159.6% higher than that of the matrix.