bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-based Anomaly Detection in Cyber-physical Systems
Authors: Luo Yuan , Xiao Ya , Cheng Long , Peng Guojun , Yao Danfeng (Daphne)
Published: May 2021

Anomaly detection is crucial to ensure the security of cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, due to the increasing complexity of CPSs and more sophisticated attacks, conventional anomaly detection methods, which face the growing volume of data and need domain-specific knowledge, cannot be directly applied to address these challenges. To this end, deep learning-based anomaly detection (DLAD) methods have been proposed. In this article, we review state-of-the-art DLAD methods in CPSs. We propose a taxonomy in terms of the type of anomalies, strategies, implementation, and evaluation metrics to understand the essential properties of current methods. Further, we utilize this taxonomy to identify and highlight new characteristics and designs in each CPS domain. Also, we discuss the limitations and open problems of these methods. Moreover, to give users insights into choosing proper DLAD methods in practice, we experimentally explore the characteristics of typical neural models, the workflow of DLAD methods, and the running performance of DL models. Finally, we discuss the deficiencies of DL approaches, our findings, and possible directions to improve DLAD methods and motivate future research.
Comprehensive Study of Inversion and Junctionless Ge Nanowire Ferroelectric HfZrO Gate-All-Around FETs Featuring Steep Subthreshold Slope with Transient Negative Capacitance
Authors: Sun Chong-Jhe , Yan Siao-Cheng , Lin Yi-Wen , Tsai Meng-Ju , Tsai Yu-Chen , Chou Chuan-Pu , Hou Fu-Ju , Luo Guang-Li , Wu Yung-Chun
Published: May 2021

This study reports the ferroelectric (FE) layer of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) film on a Ge gate-all-around field-effect-transistor (GAAFET) with inversion mode (IM) and junctionless (JL) mode, and is the first that discuss the association of the JL field-effect transistor conduction mechanism in the subthreshold region with the transient negative capacitance (TNC) effect of the FE layer are discussed. The IM Ge FE-GAAFET exhibited a minimum subthreshold slope (SSmin) of 55 mV dec−1 and a high ION/IOFF ratio of >106. The sub-60 mV dec−1 SS result demonstrates surface potential amplification, which is attributed to the TNC effect. Furthermore, the Ge JL FE-GAAFETs exhibited an SSmin of 58 mV dec−1, a high ION/IOFF ratio (>105), and reverse drain-induced barrier lowering when compared with baseline HfO2 devices. These IM and JL Ge FE-GAAFETs are highly suitable for low-power integrated circuit applications.
Nanothick TiO2 Channel Thin Film Transistors for UV and Gas Sensing
Authors: Sogai K. , Saito K. , Yoshida K. , Miura M. , Kanomata K. , Ahmmad B. , Kubota S. , Hirose F.
Published: May 2021

Nanothick TiO2 channel-thin film transistors (TFTs) are examined as UV and gas sensors. The TiO2 thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition on thermally oxidized n+ Si substrates with deposition thicknesses from 17 to 42 nm, where the channel length and width were fixed at 60 μm and 1 mm, respectively. The titanium drain and source electrodes were fabricated on the TiO2 channel and the n+ Si substrate was used as the gate electrode. The nanothick TiO2-channel TFT exhibits an extremely high drain current modulation of ∼20 μA in the atmosphere with a UV exposure of 1.6 × 10−5 W cm−2 and a wavelength of 278 nm. This corresponds to a UV sensitivity of 2 × 103 A W−1. The strong drain current modulation by the UV light is explained not only with the direct absorption of the UV photons in the channel but also with the surface interactions with gas molecules in the atmosphere. In the course of the mechanism study about the UV sensing, we confirm the strong modulation of the drain current with various ambience of air, dry air, N2, and vacuum, suggesting a possibility as the gas sensor in the dark. The operation mechanism of the nanothick TiO2 TFT is discussed in this paper.
A Paradox of the Average Waiting Time for the Case of a Single Bottleneck on the Commuters’ Route
Authors: Özaktaş Hakan , Kırkavak Nureddin , Alpay Ayşe Nilay
Published: May 2021

Average waiting time is considered as one of the basic performance indicators for a bottleneck zone on a route for commuter traffic. It turns out that the average waiting time in a queue remains paradoxically unchanged regardless of how fast the queue dissolves for a single bottleneck problem. In this study, the paradox is verified theoretically for the deterministic case with constant arrival and departure rates. Consistent results with the deterministic case have also been obtained by simulation runs for which vehicle interarrival time is a random variable. Results are tabulated for interarrival times which have uniform, triangular, normal, and exponential distributions along with a statistical verification of the average waiting time paradox.
Different Outcomes of Anti‐VEGF Treatment for Neovascular AMD according to Neovascular Sutypes and Baseline Features: 2‐Year Real‐Life Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Arrigo Alessandro , Saladino Andrea , Aragona Emanuela , Mercuri Stefano , Introini Ugo , Bandello Francesco , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia
Published: May 2021

Purpose. To evaluate the effects of anti‐VEGF treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) in a real‐life clinical setting. Methods. Study design is a retrospective case series. Naïve nAMD patients treated with intravitreal injection of aflibercept or ranibizumab were analyzed over a 24‐month follow‐up. Each patient received the loading dose, followed by a PRN regimen. Patients were further subdivided into subgroups according to macular neovascularization type, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline (BCVA > 0.3 LogMAR and BCVA ≤ 0.3 LogMAR), and different anti‐VEGF drugs. Primary outcome was the changes in BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) over 24 months. Secondary outcomes included the influence of the selected drug and of the baseline BCVA on the final outcomes. Results. 439 patients (224 males; 51%) with naïve AMD‐related macular neovascularization were included in the analyses. Mean age was 78 ± 8 years old. Compared to baseline evaluations, not significant BCVA changes were found at 1‐year and 2‐year examinations. CMT was significantly reduced at both 1‐year and 2‐year follow‐ups (p < 0.01). Classic, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and mixed subtypes significantly correlated with worse visual outcome (p < 0.01). Overall, baseline BCVA significantly correlated with both 1‐year and 2‐year follow‐up changes (p < 0.01). Moreover, BCVA at 1‐year significantly correlated with BCVA changes at 2‐year follow‐up (p < 0.01). Furthermore, CMT changes from baseline significantly correlated with both 1‐year and 2‐year follow‐up measurements (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Anti‐VEGF approach is generally effective in stopping nAMD progression in our real‐life analysis. No difference was found comparing patients treated with ranibizumab and aflibercept, nor in patients with drug switching.
Delivery of miR-224-5p by Exosomes from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Potentiates Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yifei , Fu Wenqiang , Cao Xiaoning , Li Shuopeng , Xiong Tianyu , Zhang Xiaolei , Wu Xiaotang , Cheng Ling , Wei Yanbing , Gao Bin
Published: May 2021

Objectives. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as the primary components of cancer stroma can affect tumor progression by secreting exosomes, while exosomes are carriers for proteins, nucleic acids, and other agents that responsible for delivery of biological information. Given this, exosomes derived from CAFs are emerging as promising biomarkers in clinical cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, their role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains poorly understood. Methods. Here, we separated fibroblasts from ccRCC tissue, extracted exosomes, observed their morphology, and detected the expression of exosome marker proteins including Hsp70, CD9, and CD63. In the meantime, we labeled exosomes and performed coculture experiment to verify the delivery of miR-224-5p from CAFs to 769-P cells with exosomes as a carrier, so as to clarify the effect of CAF-derived exosomes on ccRCC cell malignant behaviors, as well as to discuss how miR-224-5p involves in above regulation. Results. Transmission electron microscopy was firstly applied, and it was noted that the exosomes we isolated were in normal range. Besides, Western blot also confirmed the presence of exosome marker proteins Hsp70, CD9, and CD63. Furthermore, coculture experiments were performed and the CAF-derived exosomes were observed to be able to facilitate the malignant behaviors of ccRCC cells, and the exosomal miR-224-5p could be internalized by ccRCC cells to participate in regulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Conclusion. To sum up, miR-224-5p can enter ccRCC cells via CAF-derived exosomes, in turn, promoting the malignant behaviors of ccRCC cells, which indicates that miR-224-5p has the potential severing as a therapeutic target for ccRCC.
An Approach to BMBJ-Neutrosophic Hyper-BCK-Ideals of Hyper-BCK-Algebras
Authors: Alsubie Abdelaziz , Al-Masarwah Anas , Jun Young Bae , Ahmad Abd Ghafur
Published: May 2021

In this article, a new idea of BMBJ-neutrosophic hyper-BCK-algebras is introduced and some of its properties are investigated. Here, BMBJ-neutrosophic hyper-BCK-ideal, BMBJ-neutrosophic weak hyper-BCK-ideal, BMBJ-neutrosophic s-weak hyper-BCK-ideal, and BMBJ-neutrosophic strong hyper-BCK-ideal are presented, and some relevant results and relations are indicated. Characterizations of BMBJ-neutrosophic (weak, s-weak, strong) hyper-BCK-ideal are considered. Conditions for a BMBJ-neutrosophic weak hyper-BCK-ideal to be a BMBJ-neutrosophic s-weak hyper-BCK-ideal are provided. Conditions for an MBJ-neutrosophic set to be a BMBJ-neutrosophic strong hyper-BCK-ideal are given.
Study on the Curative Effect and Safety of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation via Zero-Fluoroscopy Transseptal Puncture under the Dual Guidance of Electroanatomical Mapping and Intracardiac Echocardiography
Authors: Hang Fei , Cheng Liting , Liang Zhuo , Dong Ruiqing , Wang Xinlu , Wang Ziyu , Wang Zefeng , Wu Yongquan
Published: May 2021

Aims. 3D electroanatomical mapping combined with intracardiac echocardiography- (EAM-ICE-) guided transseptal puncture has been proven safe and effective during the radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) procedure used to treat paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). In this study, we aimed to compare the curative effect and safety of RFCA via F (fluoroscopy) and zero-fluoroscopy transseptal puncture guided by EAM-ICE in patients with PAF. Methods and Results. A prospective study in which 110 patients with PAF were included and assigned to two groups was conducted. Fifty-five (50%) patients were enrolled in the EAM-ICE group, whereas the other 55 (50%) patients were enrolled in the F group. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The transseptal duration time was longer in the EAM-ICE group (19.8 ± 3.0 min vs. 8.6 ± 1.2 min,

p
≤
0.01

); however, fluoroscopy was not used in the EAM-ICE group compared with the F group (0 mGy vs. 109.1 ± 57.9 mGy). Similarly, there was also no significant difference in the recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation between the EAM-ICE and F groups (25.5% vs. 18.2%,

p
=
0.356

). Conclusion. RFCA via EAM-ICE-guided zero-fluoroscopy transseptal puncture in patients with PAF is safe and effective for long-term follow-up.
Analysis of the Responsiveness of Latanoprost, Travoprost, Bimatoprost, and Tafluprost in the Treatment of OAG/OHT Patients
Authors: Cai Ziyan , Cao Mengdan , Liu Ke , Duan Xuanchu
Published: May 2021

Aim. Within the clinical setting, some patients have been identified as lacking in response to PGAs. This meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the responsiveness of latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and tafluprost in OAG/OHT patients, latanoprost nonresponders (LNRs), and the IOP-reducing efficacy and safety. Methods. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The primary clinical endpoint was the number of responders at the end of the study. The secondary clinical endpoint was the IOP reduction at the endpoint from baseline. Safety evaluation included five common adverse events: conjunctival hyperemia, hypertrichosis, ocular burning, ocular itching, and foreign-body sensation. Results. Eleven articles containing ten RCTs were included in this meta-analysis study. The results highlighted that, in the OAG/OHT population, there was no statistically significant difference in the responsiveness of the four PGAs. Bimatoprost had a better IOP-reducing efficacy than latanoprost. There was no significant difference in the IOP-reducing efficacy of travoprost, latanoprost, and tafluprost. In LNRs, the responsiveness of bimatoprost, travoprost, and latanoprost did not show statistical differences. Bimatoprost reduced IOP with a greater extent than latanoprost and travoprost in LNRs, while there was no significant difference in the IOP-reducing efficacy of travoprost and latanoprost. No serious adverse events occurred with the treatment of the four PGAs. The prevalence of conjunctival hyperemia due to bimatoprost or tafluprost was significantly higher than that of latanoprost. Other adverse events had no significant difference between the four drugs. Conclusion. The existing studies cannot prove that latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and tafluprost have different responsiveness in OAG/OHT patients. Switching to bimatoprost or travoprost cannot achieve a significant improvement in responsiveness in LNRs. Bimatoprost has a better IOP-reducing efficacy than latanoprost and travoprost. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment with any medication we studied.
3D Face Modeling Algorithm for Film and Television Animation Based on Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Di Cheng , Peng Jing , Di Yihua , Wu Siwei
Published: May 2021

Through the analysis of facial feature extraction technology, this paper designs a lightweight convolutional neural network (LW‐CNN). The LW‐CNN model adopts a separable convolution structure, which can propose more accurate features with fewer parameters and can extract 3D feature points of a human face. In order to enhance the accuracy of feature extraction, a face detection method based on the inverted triangle structure is used to detect the face frame of the images in the training set before the model extracts the features. Aiming at the problem that the feature extraction algorithm based on the difference criterion cannot effectively extract the discriminative information, the Generalized Multiple Maximum Dispersion Difference Criterion (GMMSD) and the corresponding feature extraction algorithm are proposed. The algorithm uses the difference criterion instead of the entropy criterion to avoid the “small sample” problem, and the use of QR decomposition can extract more effective discriminative features for facial recognition, while also reducing the computational complexity of feature extraction. Compared with traditional feature extraction methods, GMMSD avoids the problem of “small samples” and does not require preprocessing steps on the samples; it uses QR decomposition to extract features from the original samples and retains the distribution characteristics of the original samples. According to different change matrices, GMMSD can evolve into different feature extraction algorithms, which shows the generalized characteristics of GMMSD. Experiments show that GMMSD can effectively extract facial identification features and improve the accuracy of facial recognition.
[Retracted] Research on Segmentation Experience of Music Signal Improved Based on Maximization of Negative Entropy
Authors: Yao Qin , Li Zhencong , Ma Wanzhi
Published: May 2021

With the rapid growth of digital music today, due to the complexity of the music itself, the ambiguity of the definition of music category, and the limited understanding of the characteristics of human auditory perception, the research on topics related to automatic segmentation of music is still in its infancy, while automatic music is still in its infancy. Segmentation is a prerequisite for fast and effective retrieval of music resources, and its potential application needs are huge. Therefore, topics related to automatic music segmentation have important research value. This paper studies an improved algorithm based on negative entropy maximization for well‐posed speech and music separation. Aiming at the problem that the separation performance of the negative entropy maximization method depends on the selection of the initial matrix, the Newton downhill method is used instead of the Newton iteration method as the optimization algorithm to find the optimal matrix. By changing the descending factor, the objective function shows a downward trend, and the dependence of the algorithm on the initial value is reduced. The simulation experimental results show that the algorithm can separate the source signal well under different initial values. The average iteration time of the improved algorithm is reduced by 26.2%, the number of iterations is reduced by 69.4%, and the iteration time and the number of iterations are both small. Fluctuations within the range better solve the problem of sensitivity to the initial value. Experiments have proved that the new objective function can significantly improve the separation performance of neural networks. Compared with the existing music separation methods, the method in this paper shows excellent performance in both accompaniment and singing in separated music.
Effect of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy on Thrombocytopenic Patients with Hepatitis C Virus-Related Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Saif-Al-Islam Mahmoud , Abdelaal Usama M. , Younis Mustafa Adel , Alghany Algahlan Hisham A. , Khalaf Safaa
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims. Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) that increases the risk of bleeding. We aimed to analyze the hematologic effects of the new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, particularly on the platelet count in chronic HCV-infected patients with thrombocytopenia. Patients and Methods. One hundred thrombocytopenic patients chronically infected with HCV were included in a prospective study. All patients were eligible for receiving anti-HCV treatment with sofosbuvir-based regimens for 12 weeks, according to the protocol of the National Program for treatment of HCV in Egypt sponsored by the Ministry of Health. Results. At the end of treatment (EOT), there was a highly significant increase in platelet count (

p
<
0.001

), a significant increase in white blood cells (WBCs) count (

p
≤
0.032

), and a highly significant decrease in hemoglobin level (

p
<
0.001

) as compared to pretreatment levels. Patients with mild to moderate hepatic fibrosis had significantly higher median and interquartile range (IQR) platelet count at baseline and EOT than those with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (

p
≤
0.023

and

p
<
0.001

, respectively). There was more elevation in platelet count at EOT in patients with mild to moderate fibrosis than those with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Out of the hundred patients, 73% showed improvement of platelet count, while 27% showed no improvement or even decrease in the platelet count. Conclusion. Sofosbuvir-based DAA therapy is a highly effective and safe treatment regimen that results in the improvement of platelet count in thrombocytopenic patients, particularly in mild to moderate stages of hepatic fibrosis.
[Retracted] Optimization of Music Feature Recognition System for Internet of Things Environment Based on Dynamic Time Regularization Algorithm
Authors: Kai Hong
Published: May 2021

Because of the difficulty of music feature recognition due to the complex and varied music theory knowledge influenced by music specialization, we designed a music feature recognition system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The physical sensing layer of the system places sound sensors at different locations to collect the original music signals and uses a digital signal processor to carry out music signal analysis and processing. The network transmission layer transmits the completed music signals to the music signal database in the application layer of the system. The music feature analysis module of the application layer uses a dynamic time regularization algorithm to obtain the maximum similarity between the test template and the reference. The music feature analysis module of the application layer uses the dynamic time regularization algorithm to obtain the maximum similarity between the test template and the reference template to realize the feature recognition of the music signal and determine the music pattern and music emotion corresponding to the music feature content according to the recognition result. The experimental results show that the system operates stably, can capture high‐quality music signals, and can correctly identify music style features and emotion features. The results of this study can meet the needs of composers’ assisted creation and music researchers’ analysis of a large amount of music data, and the results can be further transferred to deep music learning research, human‐computer interaction music creation, application‐based music creation, and other fields for expansion.
Approximate Calculation Method for Noncentral t-Distribution Quantile
Authors: Gao Jun , Yao Jitao
Published: May 2021

In the process of structural design and structural performance evaluation, the inference of the reliable life of the structure and the representative value of the material strength is a necessary work. The determination of material strength is the presumption of the quantile of the normal distribution, and the determination of the confidence level of the quantile of the normal distribution involves the noncentral t-distribution function. However, the calculation of the quantile is very complicated and is often provided in the form of a numerical table, which often involves multiparameter interpolation calculation, so it is not convenient to apply. The existing approximate calculation methods for noncentral t-distribution quantiles have strict application conditions, and the calculation process is relatively cumbersome. It is still difficult to meet actual needs in terms of fitting accuracy, application range, and convenience. In this paper, a new calculation method for noncentral t-distribution quantiles is proposed by introducing new probability expressions and related approximate distributions, based on theoretical derivation and numerical fitting. The comparative analysis results show that the method not only is convenient for calculation but also has the advantages of higher accuracy and wider application range, and it is more in line with the actual needs of engineering.
Asynchronous Stabilization of Nonlinear Markov Jump Singularly Perturbed Systems via Fuzzy Static Output Feedback Control
Authors: Ding Baogang , Ma Tingting , Feng Xiaoxin , Wang Yueying
Published: May 2021

This study focuses on the static output feedback control of nonlinear Markov jump singularly perturbed systems within the framework of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy approximation. From a practical point of view, the phenomenon of asynchronous switching between the plant and the controller is considered and characterized by a finite piecewise‐homogenous Markov process. Particularly, for facilitating the controller synthesis, the closed‐loop system is transformed into a fuzzy Markov jump singularly perturbed descriptor system by adopting descriptor representation. In order to fully accommodate the system features, an appropriate stochastic Lyapunov function is constructed. Afterwards, by combining Finsler’s lemma, the mean square exponential admissibility of the system is analyzed. The conditions ensuring the existence of the predesigned controller are given and further solved by designing a brief search algorithm. Finally, a typical circuit system is used to demonstrate the application potential of the developed control technology and the effectiveness of the control strategy.
College English Flipped Classroom Teaching Model Based on Big Data and Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Chang Heli
Published: May 2021

With the rapid development of information technology, flipped classroom as a new type of mixed teaching mode relying on computer technology has changed the traditional teaching mode and formed a teaching process of “learning first and teaching later,” and it has been used in many fields of teaching. Flipped classroom reverses the sequence of traditional teaching knowledge transfer and knowledge internalization and improves students’ autonomy. However, it is still in the exploratory stage of the specific impact of the flipped classroom teaching model on college students’ English autonomous learning ability. Therefore, this article proposes a novel college English flipped classroom teaching model based on big data and deep neural networks. The study has selected a total of 230 students in two classes of the second-year English major of a university as the research objects. Data are utilized to investigate the changes of the two groups of students’ English autonomous learning ability and English academic performance, to explore the specific changes of college students’ English autonomous learning ability and its influencing factors through interviews, and to predict and effectively analyze the weight of influencing factors through the deep neural network. This research enriches the theoretical research results of college students’ English autonomous learning ability under the flipped classroom teaching model, provides reference for the cultivation of college students’ English autonomous learning ability, and has certain reference significance for the optimization of the flipped classroom teaching model. The proposed research will support researchers and practitioners at college and university level.
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Antibiotic Potentiation of Boswellia sacra Flueck. Oleoresin Extracts from the Dhofar Region of Oman
Authors: Rashan Luay , White Alan , Haulet Manon , Favelin Nicolas , Das Parag , Cock Ian Edwin
Published: May 2021

The emergence of MDR bacterial pathogens has directed antibiotic discovery research towards alternative therapies and traditional medicines. Boswellia sacra oleoresin (frankincense) was used to treat bacterial infections in traditional Arabian and Asian healing systems for at least 1000 years. Despite this, B. sacra extracts have not been rigorously tested for inhibitory activity against gastrointestinal pathogens or bacterial triggers of autoimmune diseases. Solvent extracts were prepared from Boswellia sacra oleoresins obtained from three regions near Salalah, Oman. MIC values were quantified against gastrointestinal pathogens and bacterial triggers of selected autoimmune diseases by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. The antibacterial activity was also evaluated in combination with conventional antibiotics, and the class of interaction was determined by ΣFIC analysis. Isobolograms were used to determine the optimal ratios for synergistic combinations. Toxicity was evaluated by ALA and HDF cell viability bioassays. The phytochemical composition of the volatile components of all extracts was identified by nontargeted GC-MS headspace analysis. All methanolic extracts inhibited the growth of all of the bacteria tested, although the extracts prepared using Najdi oleoresin were generally more potent than the Sahli and Houjari extracts. Combinations of the methanolic B. sacra extracts and conventional antibiotics were significantly more effective in inhibiting the growth of several bacterial pathogens. In total, there were 38 synergistic and 166 additive combinations. Approximately half of the synergistic combinations contained tetracycline. All B. sacra extracts were nontoxic in the ALA and HDF cell viability assays. Nonbiased GC-MS headspace analysis of the methanolic extracts putatively identified a high diversity of monoterpenoids, with particularly high abundances of α-pinene. The antibacterial activity and lack of toxicity of the B. sacra extracts indicate their potential in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the extracts potentiated the activity of several conventional antibiotics, indicating that they may contain resistance-modifying compounds.
In Situ Stress Distribution and Its Control on the Coalbed Methane Reservoir Permeability in Liulin Area, Eastern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Feng Peng , Li Song , Tang Dazhen , Wu Liangjun , Zhang Yan , Zhong Guanghao
Published: May 2021

Permeability is one of the important factors that affect the production efficiency of coalbed methane, and it is mainly controlled by in situ stress. Therefore, it is very essential to study the in situ stress and permeability for the extraction of coalbed methane. Based on the injection/falloff well test and in situ stress measurement of 35 coalbed methane wells in the Liulin area in the east of the Ordos basin, the correlations between initial reservoir pressure, in situ stress, lateral stress coefficient, permeability, and burial depth were determined. Finally, the distribution characteristics of in situ stress and its influence on permeability were analyzed systematically. The results show that with the increase of burial depth, the initial reservoir pressure and in situ stress both increase, while the lateral stress coefficient decreases. The permeability variation is related to the type of stress field in different burial depths, and its essence is the deformation and destruction of coal pore structures caused by stress. The distribution characteristics of in situ stress at different depths and its effect on permeability are as follows: at

depths
<
800
 
m

, the horizontal principal stress is dominant (

σ

H

≥

σ

v

>

σ

h

) and the permeability is a simple decreasing process with the increase of the depth; at

depths
>
800
 
m

, the vertical stress is dominant (

σ

v

≥

σ

H

>

σ

h

). The permeability of most coal is very small due to the large in situ stresses in this depth zone. However, because of the stress release at the syncline axis, coal with high permeability is still possible at this depth zone. Due to the existence of high permeability data points at burial depth (>800 m) and the fitting relationship between permeability and vertical stress, the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress is poor. However, the coal permeability and lateral stress coefficient show a good negative exponential relationship. This indicates that the lateral stress coefficient can be used to predict permeability better.
Migrating to Zero Trust Architecture: Reviews and Challenges
Authors: Teerakanok Songpon , Uehara Tetsutaro , Inomata Atsuo
Published: May 2021

Zero trust (ZT) is a new concept involving the provisioning of enterprise/organization resources to the subjects without relying on any implicit trust. Unlike the perimeter-based architecture in which any subject behind the wall (i.e., inside the predefined perimeter) is considered trusted, zero trust architecture (ZTA) processes any request and provides a resource to the subject without relying on implicit trust. In this paper, based on NIST Special Publication SP800-207, the concept of ZT and ZTA is introduced. Also, challenges, steps, and things to consider when migrating from the legacy architecture to ZTA are presented and discussed.
K-Modes Clustering Algorithm Based on Weighted Overlap Distance and Its Application in Intrusion Detection
Authors: Dai Yawen , Yuan Guanghui , Yang Zhaoyuan , Wang Bin
Published: May 2021

In order to better apply the K-modes algorithm to intrusion detection, this paper overcomes the problems of the existing K-modes algorithm based on rough set theory. Firstly, for the problem of K-modes clustering in the initial class center selection, an initial class center selection algorithm Ini_Weight based on weighted density and weighted overlap distance is proposed. Secondly, based on the Ini_Weight algorithm, a new K-modes clustering algorithm WODKM based on weighted overlap distance is proposed. Thirdly, the WODKM clustering algorithm is applied to intrusion detection to obtain a new unsupervised intrusion detection model. The model detects the intrusion by dividing the clusters in the clustering result into normal clusters and abnormal clusters and analyzing the weighted average density of the object x to be detected in each cluster and the weighted overlapping distance of x and each center point. We verified the intrusion detection performance of the model on the KDD Cup 99 dataset. The experimental results of the current study show that the proposed intrusion detection model achieves efficient results and solves the problems existing in the present-day intrusion detection system to some extent.
Nonlinear Load Harmonic Prediction Method Based on Power Distribution Internet of Things
Authors: Dong Yongle , Zhang Fan , Li Xuan , Zhang Lifang , Yu Jia , Mao Yongmei , Jiang Guanglong
Published: May 2021

A large number of nonlinear loads have an impact on the stable operation of the power system. To solve this problem, this article proposes a nonlinear load harmonic prediction method based on the architecture of Power Distribution Internet of Things. Firstly, this method integrates the characteristics of edge computing technology and Power Distribution Internet of Things technology and proposes a Power Distribution Internet of Things framework applied to nonlinear load harmonic prediction, which provides top-level design for subsequent harmonic prediction methods of Power Distribution Internet of Things; then, considering the electrical characteristics of the typical nonlinear load, the mathematical model of nonlinear load data is constructed based on the harmonic coupling admittance matrix model on the edge side. At the same time, a nonlinear load harmonic prediction model based on dynamic time warping and long-term and short-term memory network (DTW-LSTM) is established in the cloud computing center to realize high accuracy and high real-time prediction and analysis of nonlinear load harmonics. Finally, the simulation results based on the general data set show that the MAE evaluation index of the proposed method is less than 5% in the experimental group, which shows good generalization ability, and has some advantages over the current method in operation efficiency.
Intraoperative Hardware Failure of the Fassier–Duval Rescue System in a Pediatric Patient with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Kahan Michael E. , Angerett Nathan R. , Flanagan Jill C.
Published: May 2021

The use of telescopic intramedullary rods for the treatment of lower extremity deformity in children with osteogenesis imperfecta has been well described. The reinforcement of these weakened weightbearing bones with intramedullary devices leads to improvements in mobility that progress into adulthood. Although the current telescopic intramedullary rod systems are an upgrade from earlier systems, they are still associated with high rates of reoperation and complication. We describe a unique complication encountered during a revision which involved the male retriever system for the Fassier–Duval rod (FDR) (Pega Medical, Quebec, CA) experienced intraoperatively. To our knowledge, this mechanism of failure has not been previously described in the literature.
Intravital Imaging Identifies the VEGF–TXA2 Axis as a Critical Promoter of PGE2 Secretion from Tumor Cells and Immune Evasion
Authors: Konishi Yoshinobu , Ichise Hiroshi , Watabe Tetsuya , Oki Choji , Tsukiji Shinya , Hamazaki Yoko , Murakawa Yasuhiro , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Terai Kenta , Matsuda Michiyuki
Published: May 2021

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes tumor progression through evasion of antitumor immunity. In stark contrast to cyclooxygenase-dependent production of PGE2, little is known whether PGE2 secretion is regulated within tumor tissues. Here, we show that VEGF-dependent release of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) triggers Ca2+ transients in tumor cells, culminating in PGE2 secretion and subsequent immune evasion in the early stages of tumorigenesis. Ca2+ transients caused cPLA2 activation and triggered the arachidonic acid cascade. Ca2+ transients were monitored as the surrogate marker of PGE2 secretion. Intravital imaging of BrafV600E mouse melanoma cells revealed that the proportion of cells exhibiting Ca2+ transients is markedly higher in vivo than in vitro. The TXA2 receptor was indispensable for the Ca2+ transients in vivo, high intratumoral PGE2 concentration, and evasion of antitumor immunity. Notably, treatment with a VEGF receptor antagonist and an anti-VEGF antibody rapidly suppressed Ca2+ transients and reduced TXA2 and PGE2 concentrations in tumor tissues. These results identify the VEGF–TXA2 axis as a critical promoter of PGE2-dependent tumor immune evasion, providing a molecular basis underlying the immunomodulatory effect of anti-VEGF therapies.

Significance:

This study identifies the VEGF–TXA2 axis as a potentially targetable regulator of PGE2 secretion, which provides novel strategies for prevention and treatment of multiple types of malignancies.
Ripretinib and MEK Inhibitors Synergize to Induce Apoptosis in Preclinical Models of GIST and Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Gupta Anu , Singh Jarnail , García-Valverde Alfonso , Serrano César , Flynn Daniel L. , Smith Bryan D.
Published: May 2021

The majority of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) harbor constitutively activating mutations in KIT tyrosine kinase. Imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib are available as first-, second-, and third-line targeted therapies, respectively, for metastatic or unresectable KIT-driven GIST. Treatment of patients with GIST with KIT kinase inhibitors generally leads to a partial response or stable disease but most patients eventually progress by developing secondary resistance mutations in KIT. Tumor heterogeneity for secondary resistant KIT mutations within the same patient adds further complexity to GIST treatment. Several other mechanisms converge and reactivate the MAPK pathway upon KIT/PDGFRA–targeted inhibition, generating treatment adaptation and impairing cytotoxicity. To address the multiple potential pathways of drug resistance in GIST, the KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor ripretinib was combined with MEK inhibitors in cell lines and mouse models. Ripretinib potently inhibits a broad spectrum of primary and drug-resistant KIT/PDGFRA mutants and is approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with advanced GIST who have received previous treatment with 3 or more kinase inhibitors, including imatinib. Here we show that ripretinib treatment in combination with MEK inhibitors is effective at inducing and enhancing the apoptotic response and preventing growth of resistant colonies in both imatinib-sensitive and -resistant GIST cell lines, even after long-term removal of drugs. The effect was also observed in systemic mastocytosis (SM) cells, wherein the primary drug–resistant KIT D816V is the driver mutation. Our results show that the combination of KIT and MEK inhibition has the potential to induce cytocidal responses in GIST and SM cells.
Change in Practice of Radioactive Iodine Administration in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Wijewardene Ayanthi , Gild Matti , Nylén Carolina , Schembri Geoffrey , Roach Paul , Hoang Jeremy , Aniss Ahmad , Glover Anthony , Sywak Mark , Sidhu Stan , Learoyd Diana , Robinson Bruce , Tacon Lyndal , Clifton-Bligh Roderick
Published: May 2021

Objective: Our study aimed to analyse temporal trends in radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for thyroid cancer over the past decade; to analyse key factors associated with clinical decisions in RAI dosing; and to confirm lower activities of RAI for low-risk patients were not associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 1,323 patients who received RAI at a quaternary centre in Australia between 2008 and 2018 was performed. Prospectively collected data included age, gender, histology, and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (7th ed). American Thyroid Association risk was calculated retrospectively. Results: The median activities of RAI administered to low-risk patients decreased from 3.85 GBq (104 mCi) in 2008–2016 to 2.0 GBq (54 mCi) in 2017–2018. The principal driver of this change was an increased use of 1 GBq (27 mCi) from 1.3% of prescriptions in 2008–2011 to 18.5% in 2017–2018. In patients assigned as low risk per ATA stratification, lower activities of 1 GBq or 2 GBq (27 mCi or 54 mCi) were not associated with an increased risk of recurrence. In patients assigned to intermediate- or high-risk categories who received RAI as adjuvant therapy, there was no difference in risk of recurrence between 4 GBq (108 mCi) and 6 GBq (162 mCi). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate an evolution of RAI activities consistent with translation of ATA guidelines into clinical practice. Use of lower RAI activities was not associated with an increase in recurrence in low-risk thyroid cancer patients. Our data also suggest lower RAI activities may be as efficacious for adjuvant therapy in intermediate- and high-risk patients.
Hedonic Rating of Sucrose Is Sub-Regionally Associated with Striatal Dopamine Transporter in Humans
Authors: Pak Kyoungjune , Seo Seongho , Lee Myung Jun , Kim Keunyoung , Suh Sunghwan , Lee Jeehyun , Kim Seong-Jang , Kim In Joo
Published: May 2021

Background: Eating behavior is determined by both homeostatic and hedonic values. Objective: We investigated the association of hedonic value with striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability sub-regionally. Method: An intravenous bolus injection of 18F-FP-CIT was administered after the infusion of glucose or placebo, and the emission data were acquired over 90 min. DAT availability and binding potential (BPND) were measured via the simplified reference tissue method. Subjects were assessed with sensory taste test of sucrose solutions. The “most liked” sucrose concentration (%) was determined as the hedonic rating for sucrose. Results: Twenty healthy males participated in this study. After glucose loading, BPNDs of putamen significantly increased, and those of caudate nucleus showed the increasing trend, while those of ventral striatum were not significantly different. After glucose loading, the “most liked” sucrose concentration (%) was negatively associated with BPNDs of caudate nucleus and showed the trend of positive association with those from ventral striatum. Slopes of regression lines were significantly different according to the sub-regions of striatum. Conclusion: We have highlighted that striatal DAT increased after glucose loading in dorsal striatum, not in ventral striatum. These changes of striatal DAT were sub-regionally associated with the hedonic rating of sucrose from each subject.
Facilidades de adesão familiar no tratamento da dependência química: percepção dos familiares
Authors: Assalin Ana Carolina Belmonte , Zerbetto Sonia Regina , Ruiz Bianca Oliveira , Cugler Priscila Souza , Pereira Sarah Salvador
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: analisar a percepção do membro familiar sobre as facilidades de adesão da família ao tratamento do dependente químico em acompanhamento no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - álcool e drogas. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado de abril a setembro de 2016, com 10 familiares de usuários de drogas, participantes de grupos de família. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: as famílias reconheceram que criar alianças terapêuticas, ter esperança na recuperação de seu parente e valorizar seus papéis participativos no tratamento familiar facilitam a adesão terapêutica. Conclusão: o estudo contribui para a reflexão dos profissionais de saúde quanto às possíveis áreas estratégicas para o cuidado às famílias, de modo a ajudá-las na adesão terapêutica.
Uma abordagem atual da utilização de antidepressivos no manejo da depressão pós-parto
Authors: Da-Silva Thiago Guimarães , Vasconcelos Pedro Fonseca de , Moura Ivan Gilson Silva
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: caracterizar a utilização de antidepressivos no manejo da depressão pós-parto. Método: empregou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura, das bases de dados PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com aplicação de descritores, visando responder a pergunta norteadora do trabalho, entre os dias 25 de fevereiro e 10 de março de 2019. Com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 23 artigos que, posteriormente, foram submetidos à categorização. Resultados: a sertralina deve ser a droga de escolha para o tratamento farmacológico da depressão puerperal. Constatou-se também, que a utilização profilática de antidepressivos em mulheres susceptíveis é contestável e pouco se sabe sobre os possíveis efeitos colaterais. Ademais, foi encontrado que não há consenso sobre a superioridade da terapia farmacológica em detrimento às psicoterapias. Conclusão: há  evidencias que fundamentam o uso de sertralina, paroxetina, duloxetina, nortriptilina e imipramina para tratar mulheres com depressão pós-parto, sendo a amamentação sempre recomendada. Ressalta-se que emerge a necessidade de estudos com amostras representativas para validar ou restringir o uso de psicofármacos na profilaxia da depressão puerperal.
Grau de dependência à nicotina de pacientes atendidos para tratamento do tabagismo em universidade pública
Authors: Maciel Rafael da Rosa , Dalgallo Lidia , Müller Erildo Vicente , Rinaldi Elaine Cristina Antunes
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: identificar o grau de dependência à nicotina e dados sociodemográficos segundo o gênero dos pacientes atendidos pelo projeto de extensão Educando e Tratando o Tabagismo promovido por uma universidade pública. Método: estudo transversal, com dados provenientes de 361 prontuários de pacientes que participantes do projeto no período de 2014 a 2018. Realizou-se o teste de Fagerström, por meio do qual classificou-se os pacientes com grau de dependência: muito baixo, baixo, médio, elevado e muito elevado de acordo com a soma dos pontos obtidos nas questões aplicadas. Resultados: a predominância no grau de dependência a nicotina foi observada no sexo feminino com maiores percentuais de classificação para dependência elevada e muito elevada, 33,5% e 25,3% respectivamente. Entre os homens verificouse grau de dependência elevado 28,1% e baixo 21,9%. Contatou-se que o grau de dependência química a nicotina esteve associada a dependência física (valor-p=0,002) e psicológica (valor-p=0,003). Conclusão: a evidência de maior frequência de indivíduos com alto grau de dependência química à nicotina demonstra a importância da associação de terapias medicamentosas com abordagens cognitivas comportamentais por meio de intervenções de enfermagem, relacionadas ao controle e cessação do tabagismo por meio da educação em saúde.