bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an educational handbook as a knowledge-acquisition strategy for mastectomized women
Authors: Oliveira Mariza Silva de , Santos Míria Conceição Lavinas , Almeida Paulo César de , Panobianco Marislei Sanches , Fernandes Ana Fátima Carvalho
Published: September 2012

This descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study presents an analysis of knowledge acquired by mastectomized women concerning breast cancer after reading an educational handbook. The sample was composed of 125 women. Data were collected in a specialized cancer facility in three phases: preparatory, operational I and operational II. As to the knowledge acquired, the posttest showed an 11% increase in the number of correct answers compared to the pretest. The most frequent correct answer regarded a question asking the name of the surgery (97.60%) while the question concerning breast reconstruction obtained the lowest number of correct answers (58.40%). Answers to all the questions significantly improved in the posttest, with the exception of a question addressing breast reconstruction (p=0.754). The assessment of knowledge showed positive results after reading, suggesting that cognition is essential to understanding and adhering to guidance, thus the handbook is a favorable resource to be used in the rehabilitation of mastectomized women.
Efficacy of auriculotherapy for the reduction of stress in nursing students: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Prado Juliana Miyuki do , Kurebayashi Leonice Fumiko Sato , Silva Maria Júlia Paes da
Published: September 2012

This study is a randomized single-blind trial, which aimed to evaluate the efficacy of true auriculotherapy and placebo auriculotherapy in reducing the stress levels of mid-level Nursing students of the School of Nursing of the Beneficência Portuguesa Hospital. Seventy-one students with average, high and very high scores, according to Vasconcellos' List of Stress Symptoms, were divided into three groups: Control (25), Auriculotherapy (24), and Placebo/Sham (22). They were evaluated at the baseline, 8th and 12th sessions and at the follow-up (15 days) and received Shen Men and Brainstem points (Auriculotherapy Group) and Wrist and Outer Ear points (Placebo/Sham Group). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant differences between the Control/Auriculotherapy groups from the 8th session, which was maintained in the third and fourth evaluations (p=0.000) and between the Control/Placebo groups (p<0.05) at the three evaluations. It was concluded that the true auriculotherapy obtained better responses (45.39%) than the placebo (34.18%) in the reduction of the stress, but further studies are recommended for the re-evaluation of the sham points for stress. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01420848.
Health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Souza Ismelinda Maria Diniz Mendes , Paro Helena Borges Martins da Silva , Morales Rogerio Rizo , Pinto Rogerio de Melo Costa , Silva Carlos Henrique Martins da
Published: September 2012

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of nursing students and its relationship with year of training, sociodemographic variables and the intensity of depressive symptoms. A convenience sample of 256 students, out of 353 eligible (72%), responded to the Medical Outcomes Study - The 36 Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (self-administered). Final-year students, females and students with a higher intensity of depressive symptoms presented lower SF-36 scores in the physical functioning, vitality and social functioning domains. Institutional psychopedagogic support programs may minimize this negative impact on the HRQoL and encourage better professional performance of students in higher vulnerability situations.
Tuberculosis, AIDS and tuberculosis-AIDS co-infection in a large city
Authors: Saita Nanci Michele , Oliveira Helenice Bosco de
Published: September 2012

This study aimed to analyze the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), AIDS and tuberculosis-AIDS co-infection in the municipality of Campinas, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the period 2001 - 2009. A historical trend study, it uses secondary data from the Tuberculosis Surveillance Database of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and the São Paulo State STD-AIDS Center of Excellence and Training. It included new cases of TB, AIDS, and of tuberculosis-AIDS reported in the municipality of Campinas. A decrease in cases of TB until 2007 was observed, with an increase in 2008 and 2009. There was a general reduction in AIDS from 2007, but with an increase among men aged 60 or over, in the years 2007 to 2009. For tuberculosis-AIDS co-infection, the tendency was to reduce. The proportion of HIV tests not undertaken, among patients with tuberculosis, was high (27.5%). This scenario shows the need for integration of the databanks into the planning and control activities.
Jovens delinquentes e universitários agressivos: diferenças comportamentais
Authors: Sisto Fermino Fernandes , Silveira Fernando José , Cecilio-Fernandes Dario
Published: September 2012

Este artigo teve como objetivo verificar as diferenças de condutas agressivas entre um grupo de pessoas que cometeram delitos (grupo 1) e um grupo de universitários com as maiores pontuações na Escala de Avaliação de Tendência a Agressividade (grupo 2). O grupo 1 foi constituído por 41 jovens com idades entre 18 e 19 anos, enquanto o grupo 2 foi composto por 42 participantes universitários com idades entre 18-29 anos. Os resultados mostraram o grupo 1 caracterizou-se por condutas relacionadas a enganar para prejudicar, obter sexo ou não perceberem minha culpa; desafiar pessoas, descarregar a raiva em alguém e andar armado, enquanto o grupo 2 apresentou apenas o fato falar alto quando não atendido ou entendido.
Cuidados com a pele do recém-nascido: análise de conceito
Authors: Fontenele Fernanda Cavalcante , Pagliuca Lorita Marlena Freitag , Cardoso Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão
Published: September 2012

O foco do enfermeiro é o cuidado ao ser humano e, em neonatologia, o cuidar da pele do recém-nascido é prioridade. Objetivou-se analisar o conceito de cuidado com a pele do recém-nascido. Referencial teórico metodológico utilizado: Modelo de Análise de Conceito de Rodgers, que permitiu analisar os antecedentes, atributos e consequentes do conceito estudado. Identificaram-se os antecedentes: prematuridade, risco de infecção, monitorização, fatores ambientais, alterações fisiológicas, antissépticos, assistência intensiva, procedimentos invasivos, lesão, exame físico e baixo peso. Atributos: contínuo, individualizado, dinâmico, eficaz, criterioso, delicado, humanizado, seguro, integral, prioridade, imediato e padronizado. Consequentes: previne lesões, mantém a pele íntegra, melhora a condição da pele, o quadro clínico e a circulação, controla as perdas de água, previne infecção e proporciona conforto.. Este método oferece um suporte na consolidação do conhecimento. O conceito analisado revelou importante associação com a prematuridade e risco de infecção, relacionando-se com as características ao longo do tempo.
Violência em ambientes recreativos noturnos de jovens portugueses: relação com consumo de álcool e drogas
Authors: Lomba Maria de Lurdes Lopes de Freitas , Apóstolo João Luís Alves , Cardoso Daniela Filipa Batista
Published: September 2012

CONTEXTO: Os ambientes recreativos noturnos têm conquistado, na atualidade, um protagonismo crescente na vida juvenil, determinando estilos de vida, normalizando o consumo recreativo de álcool/drogas e a adoção de outros comportamentos de risco. OBJETIVO: Delinear o perfil dos jovens portugueses que frequentam ambientes recreativos noturnos e determinar a prevalência de comportamentos violentos relacionados com variáveis sociodemográficas, consumo de álcool e drogas e envolvimento nas atividades recreativas noturnas. METODOLOGIA: Entrevista de 1346 jovens (idade média = 22,49 anos) frequentadores de ambientes recreativos noturnos, de ambos os sexos, em 10 cidades portuguesas, utilizando uma variação da Respondent-driven sampling, entre 2007 e 2010. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que existe uma relação positiva entre comportamentos violentos, consumo de álcool e drogas e a participação dos jovens na vida recreativa noturna. Conclusões: Sugere-se que a implementação de medidas preventivas neste contexto atenda às características dos jovens apresentadas neste estudo como preditoras de comportamentos violentos.
Consumo alcoólico entre universitários(as) da área da saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande/RS: subsídios para enfermagem
Authors: Baumgarten Larissa Zepka , Gomes Vera Lúcia de Oliveira , Fonseca Adriana Dora da
Published: September 2012

Objetivou-se conhecer os fatores associados e as consequências do uso de bebidas alcoólicas entre universitários da área de saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande/RS. A amostra foi composta por 351 estudantes do primeiro e do penúltimo anos de cada curso. Aplicou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o AUDIT na coleta de dados. Na análise utilizaram-se testes estatísticos. Verificou-se que 202 (57,5%) estudantes bebiam habitualmente; desses, 196 (97,0%) tinham familiares usuários(as) de álcool. Segundo o AUDIT os estudantes foram classificados em baixo risco, 147 (41,8%), e de uso problemático, 49 (14,0%). Como consequências detectaram-se apagões, coma alcoólico e acidentes automobilísticos. Constatou-se que 171(48,7%) estudantes não utilizaram preservativo nas últimas relações sexuais e 37 (10,5%) tiveram três a dez parceiros (as) nos últimos 12 meses. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de implementação de estratégias de cunho preventivo no âmbito universitário, para detectar precocemente o potencial para uso abusivo, bem como oportunidade de tratamento aos(às) que fazem uso problemático do álcool.
Sofrimento mental e agências religiosas como rede social de apoio: subsídios para a enfermagem
Authors: Reinaldo Amanda Márcia dos Santos
Published: September 2012

O sofrimento mental já foi considerado divinatório, misterioso e sagrado em relação as suas manifestações. O sagrado, a fé e a religião são procurados pelo sofredor em busca de alento para o sofrimento causado pelo transtorno mental. O objetivo do estudo é compreender a inserção e a percepção dos membros da rede social de apoio que se forma nas agências religiosas em torno da pessoa em sofrimento mental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória. Foram entrevistados 42 membros de agências religiosas (católica, evangélica e espírita). A análise dos resultados aponta que a pessoa em sofrimento procura aceitação, acolhimento e sentimento de pertença diante de um mundo que nem sempre o compreende. Em resposta à sua procura encontra apoio, compreensão e alento. A complexidade do tema merece reflexão e revisão de conceitos que perpassam a realidade vivida pelo sujeito em sofrimento mental.
A tradução: no limiar
Authors: Nouss Alexis
Published: September 2012

No que diz respeito à sua fundação epistemológica, que permanece frágil, a tradutologia geralmente concebe seu objeto sob a lógica da transferência e da circulação. Se é possível conceder-lhe legitimidade conceitual, uma tal apreensão corre o risco de acarretar uma fetichização ideológica nefasta à percepção da plena dimensão ética do traduzir. Em prejuízo da concepção reinante, é possível repensar a tradução como experiência do limiar, e não da passagem. Enquanto a etimologia do significante francês seuil [limiar] insiste numa empiricidade estática, o vocábulo inglês e o alemão para o termo abarcam uma ideia mais dinâmica e dialetizam a retenção e a mobilidade, possibilitando outra percepção da visada tradutória e da relação entre as línguas. No oco matricial de seu encontro, um sujeito pede e recebe a hospitalidade...
O canto das Sereias e a embriaguez do tradutor
Authors: Leal Izabela
Published: September 2012

Sabemos que para os românticos alemães a tradução tem um caráter fundador, estando associada ao próprio conceito de Bildung, como já assinalava Antoine Berman. A Bildung remete necessariamente à dimensão da experiência, processo de desdobramento e alargamento que encontra uma metáfora perfeita na noção de viagem, tão cara aos românticos. Tal movimento de travessia que constitui a inquietante "tarefa do tradutor" pode ser entendido como uma navegação por essa região nebulosa onde se ouve o canto das Sereias e, como pensava Maurice Blanchot, corre-se o risco do desaparecimento.
Dizer-mostrar o estranho
Authors: Martins Helena
Published: September 2012

Este trabalho explora a vitalidade contemporânea de duas enfáticas vozes do século XX: Ludwig Wittgenstein e Samuel Beckett. Consideram-se em especial as seguintes divisas: de Wittgenstein, nada está oculto (Investigações, § 435); de Beckett, nada a expressar (Três diálogos com George Duthuit, I). O dito de Wittgenstein é muitas vezes tomado como marca de renúncia à distinção, por ele antes sustentada, entre aquilo que se pode dizer e aquilo que apenas se mostra (Tractatus, Prefácio, 6.522). O dito de Beckett é, por sua vez, frequentemente visto como indício de uma visão cética da linguagem, que a condena a uma espécie de maldição da autorreferência. Tais formas de ler tendem a se ligar às percepções, bastante disseminadas, de que Wittgenstein escreve o comum (o "ordinário"); e Beckett, o absurdo. Questiono aspectos dessas duas produtivas leituras, sustentando que, de forma a meu ver um pouco debilitante, elas tendem a ignorar, ou talvez a apaziguar, um estranho que insiste em se dizer-mostrar na prosa poética dos dois autores.
Modelamento termodinâmico e cinético por meio do método Calphad do processamento térmico e termoquímico de aços
Authors: Garzón C.M , Tschiptschin A.P.
Published: September 2012

Na década de 1970 Kaufman e Bernstein realizaram trabalho pioneiro sobre modelamento numérico da termodinâmica de sistemas multicomponentes e fundaram o grupo CALPHAD (Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry), que tem como propósito promover a termodinâmica computacional e desenvolver programas computacionais para: (i) avaliar e validar dados experimentais (e teóricos) para incorporá-los às bases de dados auto-consistentes, (ii) representar as propriedades termodinâmicas de sistemas multicomponentes, (iii) modelar processos tecnológicos. Além de programas para modelamento termodinâmico, vários programas computacionais CALPHAD têm sido desenvolvidos, também, para calcular a cinética de transformações de fase controladas por difusão, os quais têm interfase com programas de calculo termodinâmico e com bases de dados de mobilidades atômicas. No presente trabalho relatam-se diferentes exemplos do uso do método CALPHAD para o modelamento matemático de diferentes processamentos térmicos e termoquímicos de aços, os quais correspondem a estudos de casos realizados no departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. Por meio de modelamento CALPHAD foi possível otimizar os parâmetros de processamento durante: a nitretação de aços de alta liga, o processamento térmico de aços TRIP, a produção de nitretos CrN e Cr2N a partir de pó de cromo, o tratamento térmico de solubilização de aços inoxidáveis e o tratamento térmico de decomposição de carbonetos em aços ferramenta.
Influencia de la deficiencia de itrio en la sinterización de cerámicos YBaCuO (123)
Authors: Benavidez E. , González Oliver C.J.R.
Published: September 2012

En este trabajo se analiza la densificación del cerámico superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x (123) a partir de compactos conformados con dos composiciones deficientes en itrio con respecto a la relación catiónica superconductora Y:Ba:Cu = 1,0:2,0:3,0. La evolución térmica de los polvos se estudió por ATD-TG, en atmósfera de O2, hasta la zona de descomposición peritéctica del sistema YBa2Cu3O7-x (» 1050ºC). La densificación de estos compactos se analizó por medio de dilatometrías realizadas bajo similares condiciones a las establecidas para los ATD-TG. Los mecanismos dominantes del sinterizado fueron analizados por medio de modelos aplicados a las curvas dilatométricas. De acuerdo a los datos combinados de dilatometrías y ATD-TG, se verifica que el mecanismo de sinterización por fase líquida (SFL) controla el 85% de la contracción total del compacto de composición Y0,7Ba2,0Cu3,3Ox (C2), el cual presenta un temprano crecimiento de granos (CG) desde los 860ºC. El proceso de CG no se detecta en el compacto de composición Y0,7Ba2,3Cu3,1Ox (C1) a temperaturas menores a los 900ºC. Para ambas composiciones se postula que, a partir de 900ºC, el mecanismo de SFL está presente por medio del proceso de reacomodamiento y luego, en el rango 930-975ºC, el mecanismo de solución-precipitación es el proceso dominante en el SFL.
Genotoxicity and toxicity evaluations of ECF cellulose bleaching effluents using the Allium cepa L. Test
Authors: Roa O. , Yeber MC. , Venegas W.
Published: September 2012

Toxicity and genotoxicity tests were performed on root cells of Allium cepa in order to evaluate wastewater quality following an ECF cellulose bleaching process. The results revealed a toxic effect of the effluent, with inhibition of meristem growth and generally lower values of metaphase, anaphase and telophase indices at pH 10.5 than pH 7 for all effluent concentrations. The genotoxicity effect was different from the toxic effect given that the micronucleus and the chromosomal aberration tests in anaphase-telophase cells were low over all ranges of the studied effluent concentrations.
Variations on the larval incubation of Anodontites trapesialis (Unionoida, Mycetopodidae): Synergetic effect of the environmental factors and host availability
Authors: Callil CT. , Krinski D. , Silva FA.
Published: September 2012

The unionid Anodontites trapesilais (Lamarck, 1819) like most freshwater mussels is a parasite of fish. So it is trivial to assume that the availability of hosts is an important factor for the maintenance of unionoid populations. What seems obvious is not always so easy to demonstrate. This study proposes to investigate the effects of abiotic and biotic variables related to the incubation of larvae in A. trapesialis. For this, we estimate different biological indexes and try to capture the dimensionality of the fish, along with the temporal variation of environmental variables. From the application of a CCA, it was demonstrated that there was a synchronicity among the factors and variables proposed here, and we infer that the flood pulse acts as a synergistic factor in this process.
Primary embryonic cells of Rhipicephalus microplus and Amblyomma cajennense ticks as a substrate for the development of Borrelia burgdorferi (strain G39/40)
Authors: Rezende J. , Rangel CP. , Cunha NC. , Fonseca AH.
Published: September 2012

Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme borreliosis, is a spirochetes transmitted by ticks to humans and animals. Its cultivation in vitro in tick cells allows studies of its biology and provides methodology for future research in Brazil, and for the isolation of Borrelia spp. We examined in vitro the characteristics of embryonic cells of Rhipicephalus microplus and Amblyomma cajennense in cell culture and investigated the suitability of embryonic cells as a substrate for cultivation of B. burgdorferi. Subcultures were prepared from primary cultures of embrionary cells of R. microplus and A. cajennense maintained in Leibovitz's (L-15) complete medium at 28 ºC and 31 ºC, respectively. When a monolayer had formed, the L-15 was replaced with Barbour-Stoener-Kelly medium for experiments to infect cell cultures with B. burgdorferi. After 72 hours of cultivation, the spirochetes were counted using an inverted phase contrast microscope and dark-field illumination (400×). Survival, multiplication and the adherence of B. burgdorferi for embryonic cells of R. microplus and A. cajennense were observed. B. burgdorferi cultured with embryonic cells of R. microplus grew on average to a density (final count) of 2.4 × 10(7) spirochetes/mL, whereas in cell-free culture, an average of 2.5 × 10(7) spirochetes/mL were counted. When cultivated with A. cajennense cells, the final count of spirochetes was on average 1.7 × 10(7) spirochetes/mL, while spirochetes cultured under cell-free conditions replicated on average of 2.2 × 10(7) spirochetes/mL. Similar results were observed in the final count of Spirochetes cultivated in cells of R. microplus and A. cajennense, when compared with cell-free control. These results demonstrated that cells of R. microplus and A. cajennense have the potential to be used as growth substrate for B. burgdorferi in the study of its interaction with host cells.
Metapopulation in bats of Southern Brazil
Authors: Reis NR , Fregonezi MN. , Peracchi AL. , Rossaneis BK.
Published: September 2012

The purpose was to show that displacements, promoters of genetic diversity in metapopulations, increase the probability of survival of bat species adapted to medium and long-distance flights. Samples were taken in four forest fragments, distributed in three municipalities in northern Paraná, and the maximum distance between the studied areas is 20 km. A monthly sampling was performed for each fragment, for the period of July 2008 to June 2009. We used eight nets for collection which remained open during the first four hours of the night, totalling 192 hours during a year of study. The marking occurred from October 2008 to March 2009 and was accomplished through the use of anodised metal rings of four different colours. One hundred and fifty individuals were banded and since the first capture, four displacements were recorded. After five months of collecting and marking, one Carollia perspicillata was found three km away. Two Artibeus lituratus were recorded about 20 km from the marking place: the first one after 22 months and the second one after 24 months. Additionally, one Platyrrhinus lineatus was captured at about 20 km, after 26 months. As they moved around over considerable distances and are not monogamous, they mate with females of other fragments, exchanging genes and reducing or even avoiding inbreeding. Thus, populations of bats have the ability to increase genetic diversity in metapopulations, provided by displacements between the forest fragments. Species that behave like this are not vulnerable to isolation.
New hosts and parasitism notes for the mite Leptus (Acari: Erythraeidae) in fragments of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Pereira AIA. , Fadini MAM. , Pikart TG. , Zanuncio JC. , Serrão JE.
Published: September 2012

New hosts and parasitism notes for the mite Leptus (Acari: Erythraeidae) in Brazil. Larval erythraeid mites are common ectoparasites of harvestmen (Opiliones). Studies describing insects as potential hosts have received little attention. Specimens of an undescribed species of the genus Leptus were collected in association with predatory and phytophagous Heteroptera bugs in a secondary forest in Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. New mite-host records and information on seasonality of this mite are presented.
Do young Carollia perspicillata (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) present higher infestation rates of Streblidae (Diptera)?
Authors: Esbérard CEL. , Astúa D. , Geise L. , Costa LM. , Pereira LG.
Published: September 2012

Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of the less studied issues in parasitology research, and the scarce evidence available supports that younger specimens present higher infestation rates. The purpose of this work is to establish if higher infestation rates are observed in nursing females and their young captured inside their roost. Bats were captured inside a shelter located in RPPN Estação Veracel, Santa Cruz de Cabrália, Bahia state, Brazil. A total of 56 individuals of Carollia perspicillata were observed, 17 captured inside the roost during the day and 39 in trails at night. Captures of C. perspicillata during the day in a shelter yielded similar infestation rates to bats netted in trails and higher prevalence. The hypothesis that young were more infected was confirmed, based on the higher infestation of nursing females with neonates and on the significant inverse relation between body weight and number of parasites in young and subadults.
Comparação da ativação mioelétrica do glúteo máximo e bíceps femoral entre os agachamentos paralelo e com passada à frente
Authors: Leporace Gustavo , Pereira Glauber Ribeiro , Costa Luis Carlos Nascimento da , Teixeira Luiz Cláudio , Batista Luiz Alberto
Published: September 2012

O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a atividade mioelétrica (EMG) do glúteo máximo e bíceps femoral entre o agachamento com passada à frente e com pés paralelos. Sete indivíduos realizaram oito repetições do agachamento paralelo (AP) e com passada à frente (AF) deslocando sobrecarga relativa a 50% da massa corporal. O EMG do glúteo máximo e bíceps femoral foi capturado, filtrado por um filtro passa-banda Butterworth de 4ª ordem (20-400 Hz) e obtido valores RMS. Utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon para comparar o EMG normalizado entre os dois exercícios. Tanto o bíceps femoral (p = 0,041) quanto o glúteo máximo (p = 0,0059) apresentaram maior ativação no AF (30,9% para glúteo; 42,6% para bíceps) em comparação ao AP (21,2% para glúteo; 24,7% para bíceps). Apesar da ativação moderada durante a execução dos exercícios, girando em torno de 25% a 45%, a resposta foi maior, para os participantes do estudo, no AF.
Inatividade física, comportamento sedentário e excesso de peso corporal associados à condição socioeconômica em jovens
Authors: Smith-Menezes Aldemir , Duarte Maria de Fátima da Silva , Silva Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos
Published: September 2012

Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a associação entre fatores da condição socioeconômica com a inatividade física, comportamento sedentário e excesso de peso corporal em jovens. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 758 sujeitos, retirada da população de jovens em condição de alistamento militar. As variáveis independentes do estudo foram: classe econômica, estado civil, escolaridade, ser trabalhador. A inatividade física, exposição ao comportamento sedentário e excesso de peso corporal foram utilizados como variáveis dependentes. Após ajuste, verificou-se associação entre a inatividade física e os indicadores de condição econômica escolaridade (RP = 1,42; IC 95% = 1,00-2,01) e ser trabalhador (RP = 1,67; IC = 95% 1,21-2,32). O excesso de peso corporal associou-se com as classes econômicas "C" (RP = 2,60; IC 95% = 1,40-4,84) e "D/E" (RP = 2,08; IC 95% = 1,26-3,44). Conclui-se que jovens com maior escolaridade e que não trabalhavam foram mais inativos fisicamente e que os que estavam em menor condição econômica mostraram-se com excesso de peso corporal.
Frequency and precision of feedback and the adaptive process of learning a dual motor task
Authors: Meira Junior Cássio Miranda , Maia José Antonio Ribeiro , Tani Go
Published: September 2012

This work investigated the effects of frequency and precision of feedback on the learning of a dual-motor task. One hundred and twenty adults were randomly assigned to six groups of different knowledge of results (KR), frequency (100%, 66% or 33%) and precision (specific or general) levels. In the stabilization phase, participants performed the dual task (combination of linear positioning and manual force control) with the provision of KR. Ten non-KR adaptation trials were performed for the same task, but with the introduction of an electromagnetic opposite traction force. The analysis showed a significant main effect for frequency of KR. The participants who received KR in 66% of the stabilization trials showed superior adaptation performance than those who received 100% or 33%. This finding reinforces that there is an optimal level of information, neither too high nor too low, for motor learning to be effective.
Posicionamento angular do atacante em relação ao defensor em futebolistas
Authors: Clemente Filipe Manuel , Couceiro Micael Santos , Martins Fernando Manuel Lourenço , Dias Gonçalo , Mendes Rui Manuel
Published: September 2012

O presente estudo objetivou analisar as amplitudes angulares do atacante em relação ao defensor ao longo da série temporal de prática, tentando verificar se tal parâmetro contribui para a quebra da estabilidade da díade atacante-defensor. Participaram 11 futebolistas (17,91 ± 1,04 anos de idade) com 8,6 ± 1,52 de anos de prática. De forma a entender a relação da posição entre o atacante e o defensor, procedeu-se ao cálculo do posicionamento angular entre ambos. Para o efeito, considerou-se o ângulo 0º como sendo o ângulo entre o atacante e o defensor quando estes formam uma linha perpendicular à aresta do campo onde se encontra a baliza estando o defensor mais próximo da mesma. Os resultados indicam uma oscilação regular por parte do atacante no sentido de procurar desequilibrar o oponente sendo que, através dessa ação-reação o atacante procura encontrar novas soluções que resultem da exploração do meio e do adversário.
Teorias curriculares, perspectivas teóricas em Educação Física Escolar e implicações para a formação docente
Authors: Ferraz Osvaldo Luiz , Correia Walter Roberto
Published: September 2012

A função do professor de educação física escolar pode ser definida pela elaboração, implantação e avaliação de programas que tematizam, do ponto de vista didático-pedagógico, jogos, esportes, lutas, ginásticas, danças, exercícios físicos, entre outros; com a intenção de influenciar a formação dos alunos para a participação democrática na vida em sociedade. Todavia, este consenso se dilui quando aplicado ao campo do currículo e da formação docente. No campo do currículo, apesar do reconhecimento de que a tematização didático-pedagógica se faz a partir de sentidos culturais e das potencialidades de estimulação do organismo humano que se apresentam nas manifestações da cultura de movimento; a intencionalidade, a organização curricular e a sistematização do conhecimento podem divergir consideravelmente modificando o papel do componente curricular na educação básica. Sendo assim, este texto analisa aspectos do desenvolvimento das teorias curriculares, relacionando-as às perspectivas teóricas em Educação Física. Em seguida, implicações deste debate são relacionadas à formação docente.
Copied goods and the informal economy in Brazil and China: outlining a comparison of development models
Authors: Pinheiro-Machado Rosana
Published: September 2012

Since the 1980s, China and Brazil became increasingly interconnected, based largely on the production, distribution and consumption of cheap Chinese products. These countries have different cultural and historical attitudes to copied goods and non-regulated economic activities. However, over the last decade the dominant nations of the world system have been strengthening enforcement against piracy. This means that China and Brazil are now supposed to deal with the so-called piracy and their marketplaces. Based on ethnographical research of the commodity chain from China to Brazil from 1999 to 2009, this paper argues that Brazil and China react in different ways to the repression of piracy imposed by major international actors. Despite the fact that the informal economy and the market for copies play an important role in both countries, the Chinese state views such activities as drivers of its development, while the Brazilian state interprets them as obstacles.
From the production of rules to seed production: Global Intellectual Property and local knowledge
Authors: Radomsky Guilherme Francisco Waterloo , Leal Ondina Fachel
Published: September 2012

This paper analyzes the links and overlappings between traditional knowledge and biodiversity in the context of ecological family farming in southern Brazil. The data presented are part of an ethnographic study carried out among a network of ecological farmers, Ecovida, in the west of Santa Catarina state. The current global patent regime, most prominently the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), has had direct effects on seed production and agricultural food crops. In a scenario of increasing creation of patents, patent regulations, provisions on cultivars (plant varieties and seed breeding) and a number of other global trade control mechanisms, family farmers and other related social actors have rejected the multilateral development agencies' notion of life as "resource". This study has a two-fold aim: first, it approaches the international context of the intellectual property regime on biodiversity and knowledge production; second, it examines the actions taken by farmers participating in the Ecovida network toward creating alternative ways of managing knowledge to produce "free" seeds. As an outcome, there is a parallel political action of criticism and resistance to the current narrowing of agriculture's genetic base, and organized efforts to multiply seeds, know-how and knowledge through networks, banks and centers of agro-biodiversity. Our central argument is that all these social actors - who make up the so-called ecological network and who seek, in their activities, to carry on the multiplication and variability of seeds and promote the diversity of knowledge to produce diverse seeds - are also creating collective strategies of social resistance vis-à-vis the prevailing global modes of controlling knowledge, seeds and food production.
Psicoterapia interpessoal no tratamento da perturbação depressiva maior
Authors: Lucas Catarina Oliveira
Published: September 2012

A terapia interpessoal é um modelo de terapia breve formulado para o tratamento da perturbação depressiva maior, tendo como precursores Gerald Klerman e Mirna Weissman. Esta visa o alívio dos sintomas associados à depressão abordando os problemas interpessoais que os originaram e perpetuam. Esta modalidade de terapia refere as perturbações como resultantes da existência de problemas numa das quatro áreas interpessoais principais: luto, transição de papéis, disputas de papéis interpessoais e défices interpessoais. Deste modo, a terapia incidirá na área afectada. Esta demonstra bons indicadores de eficácia e apesar de formulada para o tratamento da depressão, a terapia interpessoal tem sido adaptada e expandida a outras perturbações.
The Value of Ultrasound in Detecting Extra-Axillary Regional Node Involvement in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Iyengar Puneeth , Strom Eric A. , Zhang Yu-Jing , Whitman Gary J. , Smith Benjamin D. , Woodward Wendy A. , Yu Tse-Kuan , Buchholz Thomas A.
Published: September 2012

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the ways in which regional ultrasound has contributed to more accurate staging in a population of locally advanced breast cancer patients.Explain how regional nodal information leads to changes in radiation therapy portals and total doses.Discuss the role of regional ultrasound in reflecting a truer level of disease burden in locally advanced breast cancer patients before therapies, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, may limit knowledge of disease extent and consequently affect radiation treatment planning.

CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Assessment of the regional lymphatics is important for accurate staging and treatment of breast cancer patients. We sought to determine the role of regional ultrasound in providing clinically relevant information. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who were treated curatively in 1996–2006 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center for clinical stage III breast cancer. We compared differences in regional lymph node staging based on ultrasound versus mammography and physical examination in the 865 of 1,200 patients who had external-beam radiation as part of their treatment and regional ultrasound studies as part of their initial evaluation. Ultrasound uniquely identified additional lymph node involvement beyond the level I or II axilla in 37% of the patients (325 of 865), leading to a change in clinical nodal stage. Ninety-one percent of these abnormalities that could be biopsied (266 or 293) were confirmed to contain disease. The sites of additional regional nodal disease were: infraclavicular disease, 32% (275 of 865); supraclavicular disease, 16% (140 of 865); and internal mammary disease, 11% (98 of 865). All patients with involvement in the extra-axillary regional nodal basins received a radiation boost to the involved areas ≥10 Gy. Thus, over one third of patients with advanced breast cancer had their radiation plan altered by the ultrasound findings. Regional ultrasound evaluation in patients with advanced breast cancer commonly revealed abnormalities within and beyond the axilla, which changed the clinical stage of disease and the radiation treatment strategy. Therefore, regional ultrasound is beneficial in the initial staging evaluation for such patients.
The structure of silicate ions in C-S-H discussed from chemical composition
Authors: Zhang Lina , Lin Zhenyang , Li Zongjin
Published: September 2012

Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is a main product of Portland cement hydration. Although C-S-H is treated as an amorphous phase in macro scale, the atomic-scale structure of C-S-H is considered to be nanocrystalline and short-ordered. Various studies have been carried out and many models have been proposed in the past few decades to describe the structure of C-S-H at nano scale. Tobermorite and jennite are considered as two naturally existing crystalline solids sharing similar structures with C-S-H, especially tobermorite. As a result, tobermorite-based models are predominant in the literature. Besides, combination models with both tobermorite and jennite as well as exceptive models have also been developed in the same period. In this paper, the C-S-H models developed in the past decades are reviewed systematically. The reliability of the models is discussed based on the fundamental requirements of the C-S-H structure from consideration of experimental observations and structural chemistry, including charge balance, Ca/Si (C/S) ratio and Qndistribution. Finally, some considerations on the understanding of C-S-H are put forward for possible development of C-S-H structure in the future.
A DEM investigation of the effect of particle-size distribution on one-dimensional compression
Authors: MINH N.H. , CHENG Y.P.
Published: September 2012

The effect of particle-size distribution on the one-dimensional compressive behaviour of granular soil materials was investigated using the discrete-element method (DEM), and the results were compared with published experimental data with similar gradations. The particles used in this study were spherical, and their size range mimicked various power-law distributions. The contact formulation was calibrated such that the different compressibility and initial specific volume of non-uniform assemblies depended purely on the interaction of different particle sizes of the non-uniform gradations. The compressive behaviour of these assemblies can be classified as either big-particle-dominated or small-particle-dominated. The underlying micromechanical explanations for the effect of the particle-size distribution on the packing characteristics and on the compressibility are presented. Particles involved in the strong force transmission, which carried larger-than-average contact forces, were found to contribute to the stiffness of granular samples. When loose and dense samples with the same grading were compressed to a stage where their stiffnesses were identical, an identical size distribution was found for those particles involved in the strong force network. For some materials, there existed regions of particles that did not carry any strong force, and the non-affine movements of these small particles partially filling the void space between the bigger particles were especially significant. This behaviour was visualised in the DEM simulations. As these particles rearranged themselves, these regions contributed to a higher volumetric compression. It was also found that the coordination number of DEM particles significantly increased with better gradations. A change in the particle-size distribution of real sand through particle breakage would therefore lead to a higher coordination number of particles, and it would gradually reduce the probability of particle breakage during the later stages of the compression, as has been observed in other laboratory experiments.
Apparatus for centrifuge modelling of twin-tunnel construction
Authors: Divall Sam , Goodey Richard James
Published: September 2012

In urban areas it is common for pairs of tunnels to be used as a method for building rapid transit systems. Driven by an increasing population and demand for services, tunnels are more widespread in their use than at any previous time. Construction of any form of tunnel causes ground movements which have the potential to damage existing surface and sub-surface structures. Modern tunnelling practice aims to reduce these movements to a minimum but there is still a requirement for accurate assessments of possible damage to structures resulting from settlements. For tunnels driven in clay, superposition of settlement predictions made by considering a single tunnel is an accepted method used to estimate movements around pairs of tunnels. Previous research, particularly numerical studies, has indicated that this may not necessarily be sufficient. In this paper a series of centrifuge model tests designed to investigate settlements related to twin-tunnel construction are described. The development of the experimental apparatus for sequential twin-tunnel construction with variable centre-to-centre spacing and volume loss is described in detail.
Use of epoxy in developing miniature ball penetrometers
Authors: Lee Kok Kuen , Cassidy Mark Jason , Randolph Mark Felton
Published: September 2012

Ball penetrometers used in geotechnical centrifuge facilities for characterising the soil strength profile are typically around 12 mm in diameter. The minimum size is limited by the traditional design approach, with ball and shaft machined from steel or aluminium alloys, and axial strain gauges placed on the shaft to measure the penetration resistance. This paper describes a new fabrication method that uses epoxy to cast and cure the ball penetrometer and shaft as one piece. This allows the strain gauges to be set inside the penetrometer shaft, reducing the size of the ball penetrometers. The manufacture of three miniature ball penetrometers of 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm diameter is described. Example results using the penetrometers in a drum centrifuge highlight the versatility and consistency of the new devices. A comparison with the more established T-bar in characterising the undrained shear strength profile of soft clays is also provided.
How Well Does the Sat and GPA Predict the Retention of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Business Students
Authors: Rohr Samuel L.
Published: September 2012

This study examined the relationship between various admissions selection criteria utilized by a small, Liberal Arts College in Indiana. More specifically, the study examined if a higher college preparatory GPA and a higher aggregate score on the SAT helped predict the retention of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and business students. Data was gathered using historical enrollment data of 803 students. A logistic regression analysis was utilized to examine the impact of the two variables on retention of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and business students. College preparatory GPA and the aggregate SAT score were predictors of retention of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and business students. For every point increase in GPA, the odds were more than twice as much that the student would be retained. For every point increase in SAT, there was 0.3% increase in retention.
Using a Brier Score Analysis to Assess the Effectiveness of a Mathematics Placement Policy
Authors: Lesik Sally A. , Leake Meg
Published: September 2012

This article describes how a Brier score analysis can be used as an evaluative tool to estimate the predictive accuracy of a course placement policy that was established based on professional or subjective judgment. The policy being evaluated uses the score received on the mathematics portion of the SAT examination as the primary mechanism to place incoming freshmen into the appropriate college mathematics courses best matched to their ability. This placement policy was established based on the idea that the mathematics portion of the SAT examination and a commercially available computerized mathematics placement examination may be placing the majority of students at a similar level in the hierarchy of mathematics courses. The findings of this study indicate that the mathematics portion of the SAT examination can be an effective mechanism for initially placing students in their first mathematics course which is appropriate for their academic ability, and thus can increase their chance of succeeding in their first college mathematics course. Furthermore, a Brier score analysis allowed for comparing and contrasting different scenarios when the placement policy is effective versus when it is not. Implementing this policy allowed for a simpler placement process as well as a substantial financial savings for the institution.
Community College Re-Enrollment after Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Lowe Sarah R. , Rhodes Jean E.
Published: September 2012

In this study, we explored predictors of community college re-enrollment after Hurricane Katrina among a sample of low-income women ( N = 221). It was predicted that participants' pre-hurricane educational optimism would predict community college re-enrollment a year after the hurricane. The influence of various demographic and additional resources (e.g., social support, childcare, hours of employment, psychological well-being) was also explored. High levels of pre- and post-hurricane educational optimism were significant predictors of re-enrollment, as were lower post-hurricane psychological distress and fewer post-hurricane hours employed. In addition, experiencing a greater number of moves since the hurricane was a marginally significant predictor of post-hurricane re-enrollment.
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children with CKD
Authors: Brady Tammy M. , Schneider Michael F. , Flynn Joseph T. , Cox Christopher , Samuels Joshua , Saland Jeffrey , White Colin T. , Furth Susan , Warady Bradley A. , Mitsnefes Mark
Published: September 2012

Background and objectives

In adults, increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as assessed by ultrasonography is a valid predictor of cardiovascular events. Children with CKD are known to be at increased cardiovascular risk. This study sought to identify cardiovascular risk factors associated with increased cIMT in children with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This was a cross-sectional analysis of cIMT obtained after 12 months of follow-up of 101 children aged 2–18 years with mild to moderate CKD (median GFR 42.9 ml/min per 1.73 m2) in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study enrolled between April 2005 and September 2009 and 97 healthy pediatric controls between January 2003 and December 2008. An average of six standardized B-mode ultrasound measurements constituted the overall cIMT measurement.

Results

The median cIMT was 0.43 mm (interquartile range, 0.38–0.48) compared with 0.41 mm in healthy controls (P=0.03 for difference). After multivariable adjustment, the median cIMT was 0.02 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.05) larger than that of the healthy controls. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, dyslipidemia and hypertension were associated with 0.05 mm (95% CI, 0.01–0.08) and 0.04 mm (95% CI, 0.003–0.08) greater mean cIMT, respectively. Body mass index, CKD etiology, GFR, birth weight, pubertal status, calcium, phosphorus, sex, and race were not associated with cIMT.

Conclusions

cIMT is significantly elevated among children with CKD, as is the prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Of these risk factors, hypertension and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with increased cIMT.