bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measures of farm business success: liquidity versus profitability
Authors: Shadbolt N.M. , Gardner J.W.M.
Published: July 2020

Investing in farmland is fraught with conflicting signals. While investing in land may generally be profitable it is seldom, if ever, feasible on a cash f low basis. The non-depreciable nature of land and longterm capital gains are incompatible with the capital recovery terms sought by investors and lenders. The literature on this subject tends to focus on either the returns (profitability) or the cash flow (feasibility) but not on both simultaneously. Too frequently rural professionals use the terms profitability and cashflow (liquidity) interchangeably. This paper presents a range of profitability measures and distinguishes between them and commonly used liquidity measures. The profitability measures include activity based costing which involves full economic costing and the entrepreneur's profit/loss is the difference between cost of production and market price. It is concluded that a number of measures are relevant to farm businesses but these should not be used in isolation. The critical importance of liquidity measures is reinforced but their use as profitability measures is criticised. Keywords: business success, farming business, liquidity, profitability, pr operty business
Are there benefits of pasture species diversity in hill country?
Authors: Dodd M.B. , Barker D.J. , Wedderburn M.E.
Published: July 2020

We conducted an experiment at two hill country sites in the North Island to determine whether more diverse pasture swards were beneficial in terms of pasture herbage yield and resistance to weed invasion. In this study diversity was characterised by variation in the number (between 0 and 8) of functional groupings of pasture plant species. Seed mixtures were oversown into sprayed resident pastures in low and high fertility paddocks and steep and easy slopes within those paddocks. We measured pasture yield in terms of net herbage accumulation in spring and autumn of 1999-2000 and the botanical composition of the harvested material, identifying unsown species in the plots. The dominant influences on pasture yield were site, fertility and slope, rather than species diversity. The presence of particular functional groups was also weakly associated with differences in pasture yield. Increasing the number of functional groups sown had a negative effect on the invasion of unsown species, and their contribution to yield, and this may be the main benefit of pasture diversity. Keywords: functional groups, hill country, pasture yield, species diversity, weed invasion
Land use in the Manawatu
Authors: Hurley E. , Wallace B.
Published: July 2020

Land use is described by a combination of statistical data, MAF monitoring (using a representative model to characterise the farm) and historical case studies. The ways in which the region's farmers have adapted to the changing environment, both economic and biophysical, is described. Science and education are essential infrastructural elements of this region. Keywords: case studies, farm monitoring, statistics
High production dairy-beef cattle grazing systems: a review of research in the Manawatu
Authors: Cosgrove G.P. , Clark D.A. , Lambert M.G.
Published: July 2020

During a span of 20 years, eight farmlet-scale experiments conducted in the Manawatu used a simple system of grazing management to maximise pasture growth and utilisation. Farmlets of 1.6 ha were stocked annually with 12 Friesian bulls (7.4 wintered/ ha) from early November at 3 months-of-age (70-80 kg liveweight (LW)) until slaughter during December - March at 16 - 19 months (350 - 420 kg LW). The grazing management system involved seasonal adjustment in pasture spelling intervals, and an increase in grazing pressure in spring by addition of 3-month-old weaner bulls followed by the progressive removal of 'finished' animals during summer. With this control over feed supply and demand and the inherent capacity of growing bulls to cope with changes in feed availability, old permanent pasture producing approximately 13 t dry matter/ha/yr was conver ted to approximately 1000 kg/ha/yr of net carcass weight gain. Using loafing pads in winter to reduce treading damage on wet soils and increase pasture utilisation and growth, increased annual LW gain (LWG)/ha by 2%. Controlling the intensity of defoliation in summer through timely removal of bulls for slaughter increased average daily gain (ADG) during autumn and winter, but annual LWG/ha by only 1%. Pastures renewed with improved cultivars and species produced more forage in summer (red clover), autumn (prairie grass) and winter, identified as per iods of feed deficit for old permanent pastures. Strategic inputs of nitrogen (N) fertiliser (100 kg N/ha/yr) in autumn or in spring on old permanent pasture, in conjunction with irrigation (approximately 250 mm/ season) during November - March, and in combination with cool season active grasses, all increased annual meat output by up to 12% above that possible from old permanent pasture, by extending the duration of stocking in summer, increasing ADG, or a combination of both. While these gains are important, the studies highlighted the very high levels of output sustained from year-round all-grass grazing systems based on principles for maximising pasture growth and utilisation. Those high yields remain a benchmark in terms of the biological efficiency of growing and converting pasture to animal product, although the economic optimum was at a lower stocking rate and level of output. Keywords: dairy beef, grazing systems, liveweight gain, pasture utilisation
Productivity, persistence and nematode impact in pure and mixed swards of white clover and Lotus corniculatus
Authors: Minneé E.M.K. , Watson R.N. , Woodward S.L.
Published: June 2020

The effect on pasture productivity of sowing birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and white clover (Trifolium repens) as pure and mixed swards was evaluated over two growing seasons. Different sowing techniques were used for mixed sward treatments: species sown in alternate rows, mixed within rows or broadcast. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus, pasture production, plant nematodes, white clover
Best management practices for forestry to farming conversions
Authors: Elliott I. , Hawke M.F.
Published: June 2020

Conversion of land planted in exotic forestry to pastoral farming has accelerated in recent years, particularly in South Waikato and Bay of Plenty. The implementation of these conversions has sometimes been to the detriment of the environment. Keywords: forestry, water quality, pasture yield, environment, soil fauna
Sustainable land use: A farm forester's perspective
Authors: Lee Benjamin
Published: June 2020

With its first National Annual General Meeting in 1955, The New Zealand Farm Forestry Association was formed by farmers interested in planting trees for a variety of reasons: soil erosion control, shade and shelter for livestock, timber and round wood production for use on farm and logs for sale.
High country development: integrating clovers, soils and merinos
Authors: Macdonald Willie and Susan
Published: June 2020

Middlehurst is a 16,723 ha high country property in the Awatere Valley, a close neighbour to Molesworth and some 114 km from Blenheim. In 1998 we purchased 5303 ha of freehold and a pastoral lease of 11,420 ha with 28 years to run on its current lease, running 7520 sheep stock units (su) and 3400 cattle su.
In sacco digestion kinetics of palm kernel expeller (PKE)
Authors: Dias F.N. , Burke J.L. , Pacheco D. , Holmes C.W.
Published: June 2020

Palm kernel expeller (PKE) is imported into New Zealand and fed to ruminants grazing pasture, but very little data exist on its rumen digestion characteristics when fed in conjunction with grass. Keywords: digestion kinetics, crude protein, dry matter, palm kernel expeller, pasture
Argentine stem weevil damage to high sugar ryegrass infected with AR1 under field conditions
Authors: Bryant R.H. , Parsons A.J. , Rasmussen S. , Edwards G.R.
Published: June 2020

Previous laboratory based studies indicate that, compared to standard cultivars, high sugar grasses (HSG) can have lower endophyte and peramine concentrations and suggest that N fertilisation may result in further reductions in endophyte and alkaloid. Keywords: Lolium, Listronotus bonariensis, invertebrates, water soluble carbohydrates, ploidy
Impact of irrigation on pasture production on two sheep and beef farms in the Central Wairarapa
Authors: Mackay A.D. , Budding P.J. , Morton J.
Published: June 2020

The impact of irrigation on seasonal and annual pasture production was investigated on two sheep and beef farms in the Central Wairarapa over 4 years (2004-08). The pasture response to irrigation water at Brancepeth Station ranging from 37 to 63% in the first 3 years, while at Glenlean the pasture response was only 22 and 26% in the 2 years (2004/05 and 2006/07, respectively) the irrigation treatment was imposed. Keywords: water harvesting, irrigation, seasonal water deficit
Phosphorus, nitrogen and sediment losses from irrigated cropland and pasture grazed by cattle and sheep
Authors: Mcdowell R.W. , Houlbrooke D.J.
Published: June 2020

Grazing forage crops during winter can lead to soil physical damage and contaminant losses especially on Pallic soils prone to compaction and structural degradation. A site in North Otago (Timaru silt loam) with 2 years sheep and cattle grazing on winter forage crops and pasture was used to measure phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) losses in sub-surface (leachate from shallow lysimeters) flow and P losses in overland flow. Keywords: phosphorus, nitrogen, sediment, irrigation, overland flow, treading, grazing, pasture, crop land
Using a climate-driven farm model to predict pasture mass for individual paddocks on New Zealand dairy farms
Authors: Beukes P.C. , Clark C.E.F. , Romera A.J. , Levy G. , Lee J.M.
Published: June 2020

Accurate prediction of pasture mass on dairy farms would allow for greater precision and feed allocation planning, and therefore greater utilisation and more profit. Current methods to collect these data, e.g. by rising plate meter or visual assessment, are tedious and time consuming. Daily pasture growth rate (kg DM/ha/ day) can be added to a measured post-grazing residual to estimate the increase in pasture mass after a grazing or cutting event. Keywords: decision support, grazing management, pasture growth rate
Establishment, annual yield and nitrogen response of eight perennial grasses in a high country environment
Authors: Fasi V. , Mills A. , Moot D.J. , Scott W.R. , Pollock K.
Published: June 2020

An experiment was established within the Lees Valley (400 m a.s.l.), Canterbury out of low producing, browntop dominant grassland. The aim was to quantify dry matter (DM) production of improved perennial grasses in relation to temperature and nitrogen inputs. Ten grass monocultures were established in 2006. Keywords: Bromus stamineus, Bromus valdivianus, Dactylis glomerata, dryland, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, pasture establishment, Phleum pratense
Best-practice pasture renewal for forage production and sustainability: description of a farmer-led study and initial findings
Authors: Bell N.L. , King W.Mcg , Rennie G.M. , Yates L.J. , Wilson D.J. , Howlett S.A. , Trolove M.R.
Published: June 2020

Constraints to pasture renewal success have been identified by many farmers so this multi-disciplinary study was initiated to trial and monitor the establishment, persistence and production of key forage species. Eight farms in the Bay of Plenty are being monitored. On each farm, paddocks have been selected so that a wide range of contrasting previous management and current pasture performance is covered. Keywords: clover, grass, dry matter, black beetle, clover root weevil, grass grub, white fringed weevil, cyst nematode, root-knot nematode, earthworm, soil moisture
Soluble carbohydrate content of ryegrass cultivars
Authors: Easton H.S. , Stewart A.V. , Lyons T.B. , Parris M. , Charrier S.
Published: June 2020

A set of 18 ryegrass cultivars and breeders' lines, some selected for elevated concentrations of high molecular weight fructan, were compared for forage composition in mown row trials at two sites, in Canterbury and Manawatu. Cultivars varied significantly and consistently, with cultivars selected for elevated high molecular weight fructan showing consistently higher concentrations of these and total soluble carbohydrate, and lower concentrations of crude protein. Keywords: fructan, soluble carbohydrates, protein metabolism, forage quality, ryegrass breeding, cultivars
The composition of high sugar ryegrasses
Authors: Cosgrove G.P. , Koolaard J. , Luo D. , Burke J.L. , Pacheco D.
Published: June 2020

Enhancing the concentration of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) in ryegrass by management or breeding affects other chemical constituents, which may also contribute to the animal response. A large data set (n=220) of chemical composition of 3 ryegrasses was examined to determine the relationship between elevated WSC and other constituents. Keywords: water soluble carbohydrate, perennial ryegrasses, high sugar grasses, protein, neutral detergent fibre
Deer focus farms - are they working?
Authors: Payne T.A. , Stevens D.R. , Casey M.J.
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to understand how farmers responded to field days and newsletters delivered in a Focus Farm project for deer farmers in Otago and Southland. In 2006, 30 deer farmers from Otago and Southland were interviewed on their environmental practices. Farmers were re-interviewed after 2 years to assess their involvement in the Focus Farm project and the value of that project to them. This project had a significant impact on both environmental and productivity improvements on the farms (averaging 2.2 and 1.1 changes per farm, respectively), both of farmers who attended the field days and those who only received newsletters (averaging total changes of 4.6 and 2.0 per farm, respectively). Keywords: deer farming, environmental, focus farms, field days, newsletters, productivity
Lamb growth rate on annual and perennial ryegrasses
Authors: Thomson B.C. , Muir P.D.
Published: June 2020

In autumn of 3 consecutive years, tetraploid annual and diploid perennial ryegrasses were sown, and over 6 weeks in each spring the growth rates of 11 month old Romney cross lambs grazing the different ryegrasses were compared. Lamb liveweight gains on annual ryegrasses (364 g/day) were lower (P
A regional overview, understanding the changing face of Marlborough
Authors: Loe K.
Published: June 2020

This paper gives a local perspective of the changing face of Marlborough, and the need for innovation and adoption of new technologies, opportunities, methods and practices to create a future that we all want to be part of. This paper gives a brief history and some of the major changes and adaptations Marlborough has made along the way, to where it is today
Sheep responses to grazing ryegrass with AR37 endophyte
Authors: Fletcher L.R. , Sutherland B.L.
Published: June 2020

Over 10 years the health and production of sheep grazing ryegrass with AR37 fungal endophyte was compared to those grazing Standard and AR1 endophytes, and endophyte-free, under four different trial protocols, including short and long term grazing, cultivar effects and seasonal differences. Sheep developed some ryegrass staggers on AR37 treatments but it was less frequent and usually less severe than on Standard.
The FeedSmart "Cost of Supplements and Cost of Pasture" models
Authors: Smeaton D.C. , Rains S.T. , Peyroux G.R.J.
Published: June 2020

The "FeedSmart" extension programme, focused on improved feed planning for sheep and beef farmers includes two computer models to assist with decision making. The Cost of Pasture model requires the user to input a farm income and cost structure, and a pasture growth curve. It calculates the costs of growing pasture on a dry matter (DM) basis. Keywords: cost of pasture, cost of supplements, cost, pasture, supplements
Increasing on-farm resilience to adverse weather events: a Northland case study
Authors: White T.D. , Moodie H.G. , Payne T.A. , Wedderburn M.E. , Botha N.
Published: June 2020

The results of a study investigating the response of farmers to adverse weather events are outlined. The aim was to identify adaptive management activities that would increase on-farm resilience. This project focused on beef/sheep farmers, dairy farmers and horticulturalists in Northland. Participants were pragmatic about adverse weather events, particularly storms. Local knowledge, previous experiences, information and networks helped build resilience. Participants highlighted a range of tactical decisions to address immediate damage from storms. However, strategic planning and adaption varied amongst farmers and orchardists as assessment of the cost-benefit of strategic actions differed. This information can be used to help farmers and organisations that assist with recovery assess and build resilience to adverse weather events. Keywords: Northland, dairy, beef/sheep, orchardist, resilience
Sweet success? Managing yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) with grazing attractants in dairy pastures
Authors: Tozer K.N. , Cameron C.A.
Published: June 2020

Yellow bristle grass (YBG) is a summer-active grass weed which is rapidly spreading in dairy pastures in the North Island. Different grazing attractants were applied to Waikato dairy pastures at the end of January and February. Cows responded to attractants containing molasses (foliar applied or pellets), but not to coarse agricultural salt or sugar. There was less pasture dry matter, less YBG cover and more bare ground in the pellets treatment. Keywords: Setaria pumila, yellow bristle grass, grazing attractants, molasses, salt, sugar
Bitrokanterik Çap Mesafesi Genç Yetişkin Erkeklerin Flamingo Denge Testi Sonuçlarını Etkiler Mi?
Authors: SERTEL MEYVACI Seda , ANKARALI Handan
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, sağlıklı genç erkeklerde bitrokanterik çap ve Flamingo denge testi performans düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlandı. Araştırmaya 18-25 yaş aralığında 96 sağlıklı genç erkek alınmıştır. Olguların beden kitle indeksi normal aralıkta 20-24,99 kg/m2 olmak üzere sınırlandırılmıştır. Olguların denge performansı Flamingo Denge Testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bitrokanterik çap ölçümü başta olmak üzere ayak parametreleri dijital kaliper kullanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Flamingo denge testi ile bitrokanterik çap arasındaki basit ve kısmi korelasyonlar Pearson korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirildi. Bu çalışmadan elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar sağlıklı genç erkeklerde bitrokanterik çap ve Flamingo denge testi performans düzeyi arasında, ayak parametreleri ve Beden Kitle İndeksi değerleri kontrol altına alınarak ve alınmayarak istatistiksel olarak incelendi. Flamingo denge testi ile bitrokanterik çap arasındaki ilişki her iki değerlendirmede de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını göstermiştir (p>0,05). Çalışmamızın sağlıklı erkek genç yetişkinlerde trokanterik çap parametresi ve Flamingo denge performansı biyomekaniği arasındaki ilişkinin anlamlı bulunmaması ile bu sonuçların ışığında ileride yapılacak klinik araştırmaların planlanmasında katkı sağlayarak yararlı olabileceği kanısındayız.
Towards an Abrahamic Religion: Developments in Later Meccan Suras. Part I: Strategies of Argumentation and Interpretation
Authors: Koloska Hannelies
Published: July 2020

Recent Qur'anic scholarship emphasises a distinction between a Meccan and a Medinan Qur'an. In addition to the doctrinal and literary particularities that set Medinan suras apart, scholars underline the failure of Muḥammad to convert his people and the despair exhibited by his followers in Later Meccan suras. In contrast, the Medinan suras depict a successful, socially and politically engaged leader of a growing and strong religious community. This paper approaches literary and content-related developments in Later Meccan suras and demonstrates that our perceptions of a passive messenger in Mecca and an active leader in Medina, and of the emergence of a self-assured community only in Medina, have to be reconsidered. Later Meccan suras depict a contest over the interpretative dominance of the empirical world which ultimately strengthens the authority of Muḥammad and consolidates the emerging group of Followers. They exhibit intertwined developments of literary strategies such as argumentation patterns or parabolic speech, and intensive reflections on notions such as perception and knowledge. Whereas the first part of this paper examines these processes, the second part focuses on the growing importance of the figure of Abraham, a decisive turn to local heritage and the development of liturgical formulas and ethical norms. The exploration and understanding of these textual dynamics are indispensable for understanding the genesis of both Meccan and Medinan suras.
Sūrat Maryam (Q. 19): Comforting Muḥammad
Authors: Haleem M.A.S. Abdel
Published: July 2020

Mary is a very important figure in the Qur'an, in which she is mentioned by name 34 times. In addition to passing references, such as in Q. 23:50 and Q. 66:12, two important Qur'anic pericopes are devoted to her: Q. 3:33–50 and Q. 19:16–36. Over and above this, Sura 19 is named after her. Much has been written about this sura, with recent scholarship giving particular attention to its structure. Identifying the structure within the sura is of course important, especially in view of the way the material is presented in the muṣḥaf, which sets out the entire sura in continuous text, without any divisions or paragraphs apart from the markers at the end of each verse. Structural analysis can be useful in terms of identifying main subject topics of a given sura, but there is a danger that overreliance on structural analysis can focus too heavily on form, thereby overlooking the message and purpose that runs throughout each sura. Form and literary analysis are important but only insofar as they indicate topics and meanings and show the purpose of the entire sura. In this article, I seek to undertake a structural analysis of Sūrat Maryam which identifies a different structure from those outlined by previous scholars. This structural analysis is based in, and led by, the study of the theme and purpose of this sura, which I maintain is to provide comfort and reassurance for the Prophet Muḥammad.
Exogenous Application of Elicitors Induces Biochemical Alterations and Develops Tolerance against Yellow Mosaic Disease in Mungbean
Authors: Tariq Sehrish , Akhtar Khalid P. , Hameed Amjad , Ullah Najeeb , Amin Imran , Abbas Ghulam , Asghar Muhammad J.
Published: July 2020

Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is seriously affected by mungbean yellow mosaic disease (MYMD) caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) in the Indian subcontinent. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of salicylic acid (SA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) for the management of MYMD and to find their role in inducing alteration in different biochemical parameters in susceptible mungbean genotype VC3061A. Exogenous application of the elicitors resulted in delayed symptom development and reduced disease severity (DS). The severity index (SI) was higher on positive control plants while the minimum was observed in post combined application of BTH+SA, followed by BTH and SA application. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly in virus inoculated plants of all treatments as compared to their healthy controls. SOD activity was increased significantly in BTH+SA treated plants but decreased in disease control and BTH treated virus inoculated plants. A significant decrease in catalase (CAT) activity, while an increase in peroxidase (POD) was observed in BTH+SA, treated virus inoculated plants. Protease and esterase activity were significantly increased in SA treated virus inoculated plants. Plant pigments exhibited decreased concentration in virus inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated plants under all the treatments except SA treated plants. Enhanced or suppressed levels of antioxidants suggest an association between constitutive induced levels of these enzymes. In this study, we also report for the first time the protein profiling of mungbean genotype VC3061A after the exogenous application of different combinations of elicitors. Proteomic analyses revealed the expression of two proteins phosphatase 2C 16-like isoform and capsid protein after MYMIV inoculation in SA and BTH+SA treated plants which may trigger signal transduction pathway and consequently induces resistance against MYMIV in V. radiata by activating PR protein.
Effect of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth and Sclerotial Development
Authors: Ayed Fakher , Jabnoun-Khiareddine Hayfa , Aydi-Ben Abdallah Rania , Daami-Remadi Mejda
Published: July 2020

In vitro studies were conducted on Potato Dextrose Agar using different carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources to evaluate their effects on the mycelial growth, and the sclerotial development of three Tunisian Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. isolates. Radial growth was optimum on basal medium supplemented with ammonium chloride (0.48 gram of nitrogen per liter (g of N.L-1)) as N source but was restricted on L-Arginine and completely inhibited on ammonium acetate amended media (0.48 g N.L-1). Sclerotial initiation occurred from the 3rd to the 12th day of incubation for all tested isolates. Potassium nitrate was the most suitable N source for sclerotial formation whereas sclerotial development was completely inhibited on ammonium acetate amended medium. Optimal sclerotial germination was recorded using L-Arginine (78-80%) followed by L-Asparagine (46-94%) and ammonium chloride (46-88%) as N sources. Nevertheless, the lowest sclerotial germination rate was noted on sodium nitrate and ammonium acetate amended media. As for C sources (16 gram of carbon per liter (g of C.L-1)), optimal radial growth occurred using D-mannitol for Sr1 and Sr2 isolates and maltose for Sr3, but no mycelial growth was recorded using sodium citrate for all isolates. All C sources tested, except sodium citrate, were suitable for sclerotial formation, production, and germination. Mature sclerotia became brownish after 6 to 12 days of incubation and sclerotial production was highest using D-mannitol, maltose, and D-glucose, depending on isolates used, as C sources. Optimal germination of sclerotia was noted using D-glucose, D-mannitol and maltose for Sr1 isolate, maltose for Sr2 and D-glucose and maltose for Sr3. It was concluded that N and C sources are both important factors for the growth of S. rolfsii and its survival.
Nematode Population Dynamics after Applications of Plant Extracts and Trichoderma Species as Soil Amendments in Tomato Field
Authors: Olabiyi Timothy I. , Akinrinola Samuel O. , Ayanda Olajumoke E.
Published: July 2020

Three different plant extracts (Khaya ivorensis, Azadirachta indica and Daniella oleifera) and two Trichoderma species (T. harzianum and T. atroviride), singly and in combination, were assessed on nematode population changes and also in the control of plant parasitic nematodes on tomato under field condition during 2018 and 2019 planting seasons. During each trial, plant parasitic nematodes encountered in the field were Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Xiphinema and Helicotylenchus species. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 4 x 3 factorial scheme and five replications. Factor A being plant extracts (Khaya ivorensis, Azadirachta indica, Daniella oleifera) and control, and factor B being bio-control agents (Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviride) and control, resulting in 12 treatments. Significant reductions were observed on the population of the plant parasitic nematodes at all treatment levels with neem plant extract, in combination with either T. harzianum or T. atroviride resulted in the greatest significant decrease. Applications of different plant extracts and Trichoderma species, singly and in combination, enhanced the growth and yield of tomato infected with parasitic nematodes.
MODEL EDUKASI ANTENATAL CARE DAN PERSIAPAN LAKTASI DI PUSKESMAS BATUSUYA KECAMATAN SINDUE TOMBUSABORA KABUPATEN DONGGALA
Authors: Rina Tampake
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model edukasi menggunakan booklet terhadap perubahan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang antenatal care dan persiapan laktasi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Batusuya, Kecamatan Sindue Tombusabora Kabupaten Donggala. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasi eksperiment non-randomized pre and posttest only control design. Variabel bebasnya adalah model edukasi menggunakan booklet antenatal care dan persiapan laktasi, sedangkan  variabel terikatnya adalah pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang antenatal care dan persiapan laktasi. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 75 ibu hamil dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji-t sampel berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model edukasi menggunakan booklet terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang antenatal care dan persiapan laktasi di Puskesmas Batusuya, Kecamatan Sindue Tombusabora  Kabupaten Donggala Tahun   2017. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan p-value pre test-pos test pada masing-masing variabel lebih kecil dari taraf signifkansi 0,05 yaitu pengetahuan sebesar 0,000 dan  sikap 0,000 (p<0,05). Rerata skor yang diperoleh sesudah intervensi lebih besar dari sebelum intervensi pada variabel pengetahuan (15,840 > 6,480) dan sikap (70,800 > 37,493) bukti ini menunjukkan bahwa model edukasi menggunakan booklet dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang antenatal care dan persiapan laktasi.
PENGARUH BOOKLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN, KONSUMSI ENERGI DAN PROTEIN ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 16 PONTIANAK TIMUR
Authors: Suaebah  , Ayu Rafiony
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan gizi berupa booklet terhadap pengetahuan, konsumsi energi dan protein pada anak Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pre-post test controlled grup. Kelompok 1 diberikan penyuluhan gizi dengan media booklet 1 kali sebulan, kelompok 2 diberikan 2 kali sebulan dan kelompok 3 diberikan 3 kali sebulan, dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2017. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas VA dan VB SDN 16 Pontianak Timur. Sampel sebanyak 24 orang masing-masing kelompok sebanyak 8 orang, secara random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan paired t-test dan test independet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan kelompok 1 mengalami peningkatan yaitu 11,0%, kelompok 2 meningkat 11,0% dan pada Kelompok 3 meningkat 10,5%. Konsumsi energi meningkat pada kelompok 1 menjadi 1270,6 kalori. Pada kelompok 2 menurun menjadi 1310,7 kalori. Pada Kelompok 3 kali meningkat menjadi 1204,2 kalori. Konsumsi protein pada kelompok 1 kali meningkat menjadi 43,9 gr/hari. kelompok 2 kali meningkat menjadi 48,5 gr.hari, kelompok 3 kali meningkat menjadi 39,4 gr/hari. Kesimpulan, Skor rerata pengetahuan pada masing-masing kelompok meningkat setelah intervensi secara signifikan sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Demikian pula asupan energi dan protein, namun tidak ada perbedaan sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Penyuluhan mengenai sarapan sehat diperlukan agar asupan zat gizi siswa dapat terpenuhi
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SUSU BEKATUL TERHADAP KONSENTRASI KOLESTEROL DAN TRIGLISERIDAPADA TIKUS PUTIH WISTAR DIABETES
Authors: Husnul Khatimah  , Saifuddin Sirajuddin  , Zainal
Published: July 2020

Pada penderita diabetes terjadi peningkatan asam lemak bebas dalam darah dan meningkatkan konsetrasi koleserol dan trigliserida, kondisi ini disebut diabetes displidemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian susu bekatul terhadap konsetrasi kolesterol dan trigliserida pada tikus putih wistar diabetes. Dilaksanakan tanggal 15 Mei - 15 Agustus 2018. Penelitian eksperimen pre-post test with control design. Subjek dua puluh ekor tikus putih wistar yang dibuat diabetes dengan menyuntikkan aloksan 140mg/kg. Setelah dinyatakan diabetes tikus lalu dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yakni kelompok 1 (kontrol negatif), kelompok 2 (kontrol positif), kelompok 3 (susu bekatul 0,54g/200 gr) dan kelompok 4 (susu bekatul 1,08g/200gr). Intervensi diberikan selama empat belas hari. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk uji sebelum dan sesudah adalah uji T-berpasangan dan untuk uji beda kelompok digunakan uji Oneway-ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada konsetrasi kolesterol dan trigliserida pada keempat kelompok. Tapi bila dilihat dari perubahan sebelum dan setelah intervensi menunjukkan bahwa kelompok 4 (susu bekatul 1,08g/200gr) terjadi penurunan konsetrasi kolesterol dan pada kelompok 3 (susu bekatul 0,54g/200gr) terjadi penurunan trigliserida lebih baik jika dibandingkan kelompok 1 (kontrol negatif) dan kelompok 2 (kontrol positif). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian susu bekatul dapat menurunkan konsetrasi kolesterol dan trigliserida pada tikus putih wistar diabetes
MEDIA LEAFLET MENCEGAH LEPRA DI DESA KAYULOMA KECAMATAN BASIDONDO KABUPATEN TOLI-TOLI
Authors: Melangka Yulianus Sudarman H
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi metode ceramah dengan media leaflet terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan penderita kusta dalam rangka pencegahan penyakit kusta di Desa Kayulompah Kecamatan Basidondo Kabupaten Tolitoli. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasi eksperiment non-randomized pre dan posttest only control design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 40 penderita kusta dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Variabel bebasnya yaitu edukasi metode ceramah dengan media leaflet tentang penyakit kusta dan pencegahannya, sedangkan variabel terikatnya yaitu pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan responden. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan paired sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh intervensi edukasi menggunakan metode ceramah dengan media leaflet terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan penderita kusta dalam pencegahan penyakit kusta. Hal ini dibuktikan dari nilai signifikansi (p) pretest dan postest pada masing-masing variabel lebih kecil taraf signifikansi 5% yaitu pengetahuan sebesar 0,000; sikap sebesar 0,000 dan tindakan sebasar 0,000. Nilai rerata pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan responden yang mengalami peningkatan setiap minggunya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh intervensi edukasi menggunakan metode ceramah dengan media leaflet terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan penderita kusta dalam pencegahan penyakit kusta. Disarankan agar edukasi menggunakan metode ceramah dengan media leaflet dijadikan prosedur dalam pencegahan penyakit kusta.
Apego en la Práctica Clínica durante la Pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Velayos Jimenez Lorena , Sánchez Ruiz Diego
Published: July 2020

El virus por COVID-19 ha sido catalogado como una pandemia mundial en marzo de 2020 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Ha supuesto la activación del Estado de Alarma en muchos países, entre ellos España. Este Estado ha llevando a las personas a un confinamiento en el domicilio y reducción del contacto físico con los otros. Esto implica importantes cambios socioeconómicos e interpersonales. La Teoría del Apego puede dar claves para analizar estos cambios en las relaciones interpersonales. El objetivo es revisar la Teoría del Apego para analizar desde este marco teórico los cambios interpersonales durante la pandemia, especialmente en la relación terapéutica. Se reflexiona sobre las características del apego durante la crisis del COVID-19, el efecto en la activación de conductas exploratorias y en la construcción de la identidad personal. Se analizan los cambios en el espacio terapéutico durante el virus y sus consecuencias en la práctica de la Psicología Clínica. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre la intervención en crisis y las posibles adaptaciones del espacio terapéutico para trabajar en beneficio del paciente.
Dexmedetomidine as an Opioid-Sparing Agent in Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Reddy Srijaya , Jones Jacob , Gordish-Dressman Heather , Pestieau Sophie
Published: July 2020

Pediatric craniofacial reconstruction surgery is associated with significant perioperative analgesic requirements. As dexmedetomidine mediates central nervous system sympathetic activity and pain modulation, its intraoperative use could be beneficial in craniofacial surgery. We hypothesized that intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine in children undergoing craniofacial reconstructive surgery would result in reduced opioid requirements, pain, sedation scores, and opioid-induced side effects compared to patients who did not receive dexmedetomidine. All patients who underwent craniofacial reconstructive surgery at our institution from July 2013 to June 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. The primary outcome measure was mean postoperative morphine equivalent requirements. Secondary outcome measures included incidence of opioid-related side effects, pain scores, and hospital length of stay. Thirty-nine patients received dexmedetomidine intraoperatively while 41 patients did not. There was no difference in postoperative opioid requirements or pain scores between the two cohorts. However, patients who received higher doses of dexmedetomidine (4.7 mcg/kg) intraoperatively exhibited significantly lower rescue medication requirements for nausea and vomiting postoperatively. Contrary to the hypothesis, dexmedetomidine was not associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirements or pain scores in children undergoing craniofacial reconstructive surgery. However, our findings do suggest that dexmedetomidine may be beneficial in reducing side effects such as postoperative nausea and vomiting. A randomized controlled trial would be necessary to verify these findings.
Trade Balance Effects on Economic Growth: Evidence from European Union Countries
Authors: Blavasciunaite Deimante , Garsviene Lina , Matuzeviciute Kristina
Published: July 2020

A growing number of recent research analyse the trade balance impact on economic growth. However, ambiguous results of studies imply the need for the research as the deteriorating trade balance hinders economic growth. This research aims to investigate the impact of the trade balance on economic growth as well as to evaluate it during the periods of trade deficit. Our estimations are based on the European Union (EU) 28 countries panel data over the period of 1998–2018, using the OLS method of multivariate regression analysis with fixed effects and focusing on two strategies: (i) including all trade balance periods, and (ii) adding deficit dummy variable seeking to evaluate whether during deficit periods we can find different and significant effect on economic growth. Evaluating all trade balance periods, the obtained results indicate the negative and lagging impact of the trade balance on economic growth, and no significant differences of the impact were identified during the deficit periods. The deterioration of trade balance reduces average economic growth and from linear relationship evaluation, we can state that it does not matter whether it starts from trade deficit or surplus result. The results obtained may also obscure the possibility of a non-linear effect, which would suggest a stronger negative impact on economic growth when the trade balance deteriorates in the presence of a large trade deficit. When discussing directions for further research it would make sense to consider other factors, such as the size of the deficit and its permanence.
Increasing status of non-native vascular plants in the Sefton Coast sand-dune system, north Merseyside, UK
Authors: Smith Philip H.
Published: July 2020

Over 460 non-native (alien) taxa were recorded in a Sefton Coast sand-dune vascular plant inventory, their proportion in the flora increasing after 1999. Between 2005/06 and 2018, twice as many non-native as native plants were found. An analysis of occurrences of native and non-native taxa in six major habitat types found that a higher proportion of aliens was present in scrub/woodland and disturbed ground, while native plants had more occurrences in fixed dunes/dune grasslands, dune heath and wetlands. No differences between the two groups were detected for strandline/shingle and embryo/mobile dune habitats. Twenty-four non-native and 14 native taxa showed invasive characteristics in the duneland. The former included especially Hippophae rhamnoides and Rosa rugosa, both constituting major threats to sand-dune biodiversity. Particularly invasive native plants were Arrhenatherum elatius, Betula spp., Salix cinerea, and Ulex europaea. The main findings accord with studies elsewhere in Britain and Europe showing recent increases of neophytes in semi-natural habitats and that both non-native and native species can have invasive traits. The open habitats of coastal dunes seem to be particularly susceptible to plant invasions.
Barriers and facilitators to primary health care for people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism: an integrative review
Authors: Doherty Alison Jayne , Atherton Helen , Boland Paul , Hastings Richard , Hives Lucy , Hood Kerry , James-Jenkinson Lynn , Leavey Ralph , Randell Elizabeth , Reed Janet , Taggart Laurence , Wilson Neil , Chauhan Umesh
Published: July 2020

Background

Globally, people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism experience health inequalities. Death occurs at a younger age and the prevalence of long-term morbidities is higher than in the general population. Despite this, their primary healthcare access rates are lower than the general population, their health needs are often unmet, and their views and experiences are frequently overlooked in research, policy, and practice.

Aim

To investigate the barriers and facilitators reported by individuals with intellectual disabilities, autism, or both, and/or their carers, to accessing and utilising primary health care for their physical and mental health needs.

Design & setting

An integrative review was undertaken, which used systematic review methodology.

Method

Electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies (all languages) using a search strategy. Two researchers independently screened the results and assessed the quality of the studies.

Results

Sixty-three international studies were identified. Six main themes relating to barriers and facilitators emerged from an analysis of these studies. The main themes were: training; knowledge and awareness; communication; fear and embarrassment; involvement in healthcare decision-making; and time. All the themes were underpinned by the need for greater care, dignity, respect, collaborative relationships, and reasonable adjustments. Opposing barriers and facilitators were identified within each of the main themes.

Conclusion

Adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities and/or autism experience several barriers to accessing and utilising primary health care. The findings highlight the reasonable adjustments and facilitators that can be implemented to ensure that these individuals are not excluded from primary health care.
Statistics of the USSR and Leningrad During the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Cherepenina N. Yu. , Dmitriev A. L.
Published: July 2020

The article looks at how Soviet, Russian state statistics operated during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Statistical activities within both the system of state structures, led by the Central Statistical Board of the USSR State Planning Committee, and departmental statistics, organized at that time in sectoral management structures – Narkomats (People’s Commissariats). The authors show how urgent mobilization of all the nation’s resources for needs of the front led to the changes in statistical work; this was primarily related to priorities of statistical observations and time frames of statistical works.

The paper analyses main directions of statistical activity on the collection and processing of information on different levels of the managerial structure and at the industry level. The authors review all advances in statistics that happened in wartime conditions urgent censuses (surveys) and operational data transfer, a system of operational accounting.

In a separate section of the article using archival sources, for the ﬁrst time, are considered the problems of organizing statistical activities in Leningrad, the city that found itself in the blockade ring in 1941, and ways to solve them in extreme military conditions.
Quality and Factors of Economic Development: Matters of Evaluation and Analysis
Authors: Kuranov G. O. , Luk’yanenko R. F.
Published: July 2020

In this publication, the authors establish validity of the proposals on the methodology for analyzing the quality and factors of the economic development of the Russian Federation, not for the country in general (as it was done in the ﬁrst part of the article, published in Voprosy Statistiki, No. 2 for 2020), but at the regional level. The main focus is to study the factors determining the quality of human capital as well as their speciﬁcs for several Russian regions. All the proposed methodological techniques of analysis are implemented on the example of the education sector that is fundamental for improving the quality of human capital during the emergence of a new technological paradigm, with account to raising and nurturing the creative generation of young people who will shape the new order. It is noted that amidst the development of modern technologies responsible for the transfer of data and knowledge, as well as standardization and regulation of the processes of providing services, it is necessary to maintain the content of education services, their focus on the shaping of a creative personality and transferring creative work skills. Only this shall ensure the country’s participation and its beneﬁts in the creation of a new technological structure.

The article examines factors that touch upon differentiation of regions by the level and quality of education, such as the state of the material and technical base, personnel availability and qualiﬁcations, terms for the provision of services, and others. The authors delve into the inﬂuence of region resource provision factors, remoteness from labour force centers of gravity, and emerging research centers, as well as national particularities and historical background of the regions. The data on the «personnel migration» of young people of educational and post-educational age are presented. Relevant conclusions are made about some depletion of this resource in several remote regions due to the attractive policies of strong regions.

The authors argue that the regional efforts and the redistribution of funds through the federal budget, as well as business efforts, are not enough to reduce the regional differentiation in education quality. This requires tailored solutions allowing to use the potential of young people from remote regions and regions not affected by scientiﬁc centralization, as an important human development factor. The paper considers directions for solving this problem.