bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical models for predicting penetration depth during slot die coating onto porous media
Authors: Ding Xiaoyu , Ebin Joshua Prince , Harris Tequila A.L. , Li Zhuo , Fuller Thomas F.
Published: August 2014

A series of analytical models have been developed to predict the penetration depth during slot die coating on porous media. Analytical models for both Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids were derived based on Lubrication Theory, Darcy's law, and a modified Blake–Kozeny equation. Using these models, the penetration depth can be quickly solved and the effects of material properties and processing conditions on penetration depth can be easily investigated. Experiments of coating Newtonian glycerin and non‐Newtonian blackstrap molasses onto Toray series carbon paper were conducted to validate developed models. The overall relative error between the predicted and measured penetration depth was found to be typically lower than 20%, which demonstrates the relative accuracy of developed models. Furthermore, based on a parametric study, it was found that the effect of capillary pressure on penetration depth is less than 10% when the ratio of coating bead pressure and capillary pressure is larger than 10. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 4241–4252, 2014
Purification of coagulation factor VIII by immobilized metal affinity chromatography
Authors: Rodrigues Estela S. , Verinaud Claudia I. , Oliveira Douglas S. , Raw Isaías , Lopes Alexandre P. Y. , Martins Elizabeth A. L. , Cheng Elisabeth
Published: August 2014

Factor VIII (FVIII) is a glycoprotein that plays an essential role in blood coagulation cascade. Purification of plasma‐derived coagulation FVIII by direct application of plasma to a chromatographic column is a method of choice. Anion exchange column is a very powerful method because FVIII is strongly adsorbed, resulting in good activity recovery and high purification factor. However, vitamin‐K‐dependent coagulation factors coelute with FVIII. In the present study, we report the separation of vitamin‐K‐dependent coagulation proteins from FVIII using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) with Cu2+ as the metal ligand. Plasma was directly loaded to a Q Sepharose Big Beads column, and FVIII was recovered with 65% activity and a purification factor of approximately 50 times. Then, the Q Sepharose eluate was applied to the IMAC–Cu2+ column, and FVIII was eluted with 200 mM imidazole, with up to 85% recovery of activity. The mass recovery in this fraction was less than 10% of the applied mass of protein. Vitamin‐K‐dependent proteins elute with imidazole concentrations of lower than 60 mM. Because of the difference in affinity, FVIII could be completely separated from the vitamin‐K‐dependent proteins in the IMAC column.
Zur Effizienz von faserverstärkten Kunststoffen an Holzlamellen mit kleinen Querschnitten
Authors: Arendt Stephan , Schmid Volker
Published: August 2014

In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurden zahlreiche Untersuchungen zum Trag‐ und Verbundverhalten von faserverstärkten Holzquerschnitten durchgeführt. Das Hauptaugenmerk lag dabei auf Glas‐ und Kohlenstofffaserverstärkungen im Verbund mit Brettschichtholzträgern größeren Querschnitts. Im Zuge eines Forschungsprojekts zu kleinen Gitternetztonnenschalen wurden an der TU‐Berlin faserverstärkte Fichtenholzquerschnitte geringer Querschnittsgröße mit Glasfaser‐ oder Kohlenstofffaserverstärkungen untersucht. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse zum Trag‐, Verbund‐ und Verformungsverhalten dieser kleinteiligen Lamellenquerschnitte vorgestellt. Im Vergleich zu den bekannten Verstärkungen von Brettschichtholz werden hier sehr hohe effektive Bewehrungsgehalte erreicht. Gleichzeitig ist die zur Verfügung stehende Verbundfläche zwischen Holz und Faserverstärkung deutlich größer.

The efficiency of fibre reinforced timber lamellas with reduced hight

In recent decades the load bearing mechanisms and composite action of fibre reinforced timber beams were investigated in several research projects, with a focus on the reinforcement of larger timber sections, mainly gluelam beams, with a glass or fibre reinforcement glued to the bottom side of the beam. In contrast, the efficiency of a fibre reinforcement for slender timber lamellas was assessed in a recent research project at the Technische Universität Berlin. The load bearing capacity, composite action and the displacements were tested in different test setups and are presented in this paper. In comparison with the previous research, which concentrated on reinforced gluelam beams, the reinforcement ratios are quite high in the current research project. At the same time the area provided for the bond between timber and fibre reinforcement is comparably higher.
Sicherheitsaspekte der Tragstruktur von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Kelma Sebastian , Schmoor Kirill Alexander , Goretzka Jan , Hansen Michael
Published: August 2014

Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen (OWEA) sind den Beanspruchungen aus Wind, Seegang und Anlagenbetrieb ausgesetzt. Während ihrer Lebensdauer treten umweltbedingte veränderliche Einwirkungen auf, die zu zyklischen Beanspruchungen der Tragstruktur führen. Bei OWEA mit Jacket‐Unterstrukturen sind im Rahmen der Tragfähigkeitsanalyse vor allem die axial beanspruchten Gründungspfähle und die ausbetonierten Rohr‐in‐Rohr‐Steckverbindungen zwischen Jacket und Gründungspfahl (sogenannte Grouted Joints) relevant.

In diesem Beitrag werden die Jacket‐Unterstruktur und die Pfahlgründung einer OWEA mit probabilistischen Methoden untersucht. Die dafür verwendeten methodischen Ansätze und Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Tragfähigkeit von Gründungselementen werden beschrieben. Als Eingangswerte werden die aus Messwerten abgeleiteten Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeiten von Wind und Seegang verwendet. Zur Beschreibung der Bodentragfähigkeit gehen probabilistische Modelle ein. Die Ergebnisse der zuverlässigkeitstheoretischen Analyse werden zu den üblichen Berechnungen nach aktuellen nationalen und internationalen Regelwerken in Bezug gesetzt. Aus diesem qualitativen und quantitativen Vergleich resultieren Empfehlungen für die probabilistische Bemessung von Offshore‐Gründungen.

Safety aspects for support structures of offshore wind turbines

Offshore wind turbines (OWT) are subjected to loads induced by wind, sea and operation. During their life‐time environmental varying impacts occur, which lead to cyclic loading of the support structure. Within the structural analysis of OWTs with jacket substructures, especially the proofs of the ultimate limit state for the axially‐loaded foundation pile and for the grouted pile‐in‐sleeve connection between jacket and foundation pile (so‐called grouted joints) are relevant.

In this paper the jacket substructure and the piled foundation of an OWT are investigated by applying probabilistic methods. The methodical approaches and procedures to determine the load‐bearing capacity of the foundation are described. Input values for the environmental impacts of wind and sea are taken into account by their probability distributions. The stochastic pile bearing capacity is derived by applying probabilistic models. The result of the reliability‐based analysis is compared to the structural analysis as stated in valid standards, and derived recommendations are given for the probabilistic design of offshore foundations.
Hochkomplexe Lamellenfassade für weitgespannte Dachschale
Authors: Jacob‐Freitag Susanne
Published: August 2014

Nach drei Jahren Bauzeit öffnete am 7. Juni 2014 der neue “Kaeng Krachan” Elefantenpark im Zoo Zürich (Bild 1). Mit insgesamt etwa 11000 m2 ist er sechsmal so groß wie die alte Anlage. Das darin eingebettete Elefantenhaus ist die neue Unterkunft der bis zu zehn asiatischen Elefanten und bauliche Attraktion des Parks. Neben dem außergewöhnlichen Dachtragwerk, das bereits im Beitrag von WOLFRAM KÜBLER vorgestellt wurde, wird in diesem Fachaufsatz die Fassadenkonstruktion beleuchtet, bei der nahezu jedes Bauteil aufgrund der Dachgeometrie ein Unikat ist.

Highly complex lamella façade for widespread roof‐shell

After three years of construction time the new “Kaeng Krachan” Elephant Park at Zoo Zürich opened on the 7th of June 2014 (Photo 1). With about 11000 m2 the park is six times bigger as the old one. The Elephant‐House in the middle of the park is the new lodging of the up to ten elephants. The building is a special attraction concerning its structural works: Beside the extraordinary construction of the roof‐shell, which was just presented in an article of WOLFRAM KÜBLER, the following pages will illuminate the construction of the facade, in which nearly every structural element is unique due to geometry of the roof‐shell.
Herstellung von Schalentragwerken aus Beton mit der “Pneumatic Wedge Method”
Authors: Kromoser Benjamin , Kollegger Johann
Published: August 2014

Der hohe Aufwand für Schalung und Rüstung machte Betonschalen in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmend unwirtschaftlicher, bis der Neubau in den 1970er‐Jahren annähernd stagnierte. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt ein neu entwickeltes Schalenbauverfahren mithilfe von pneumatischer Schalung. Eine ebene, vollständig ausgehärtete bewehrte Betonplatte wird durch gleichzeitiges Aufblasen und Vorspannen zu einem mehrfach gekrümmten Schalentragwerk verkrümmt. Um die großen Dehnungen in Ringrichtung aufnehmen zu können, werden keilförmige Auslässe aus der Platte ausgespart. Die großen auftretenden Krümmungen in den Querschnitten der einzelnen blütenblattförmigen Betonelemente werden durch die Bewehrung in Form von nichtrostenden Stahlseilen aufgenommen. Nach Abschluss des Verkrümmungsvorgangs werden die Spannlitzen an der Verankerung verkeilt und die Baufugen zwischen den einzelnen Elementen verspachtelt. Durch den geringen finanziellen Aufwand für die pneumatische Schalung und die kurze Bauzeit können Kosten und Ressourcen gespart und Schalentragwerke wirtschaftlich hergestellt werden.

Building shell structures out of reinforced concrete using the “Pneumatic Wedge Method”

A new construction method called “Pneumatic Wedge Method” was invented at the Institute for Structural Engineering at Vienna University of Technology. The idea behind this new construction method is to build concrete shells with double curvature originating from an initially plane plate. During the transformation process, the elements of hardened concrete are bent until the final form of the shell structure is reached. The steel ropes (5 mm diameter), used as reinforcement, are able to absorb the occurring strains during the distortion. Pneumatic wedges, mounted between the concrete elements, protect the thin foil used as lifting formwork and regulate the distance of these concrete elements during the transformation process. Additional post‐tensioning cables support the shaping process and are locked at the anchor bodies to fix the form of the concrete shell. Finally the joints between the elements are filled with grout.
Global adaptive rank truncated product method for gene‐set analysis in association studies
Authors: Vilor‐Tejedor Natalia , Calle M. Luz
Published: August 2014

Gene set analysis (GSA) aims to assess the overall association of a set of genetic variants with a phenotype and has the potential to detect subtle effects of variants in a gene or a pathway that might be missed when assessed individually. We present a new implementation of the Adaptive Rank Truncated Product method (ARTP) for analyzing the association of a set of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in a gene or pathway. The new implementation, referred to as globalARTP, improves the original one by allowing the different SNPs in the set to have different modes of inheritance. We perform a simulation study for exploring the power of the proposed methodology in a set of scenarios with different numbers of causal SNPs with different effect sizes. Moreover, we show the advantage of using the gene set approach in the context of an Alzheimer's disease case‐control study where we explore the endocytosis pathway. The new method is implemented in the R function globalARTP of the globalGSA package available at http://cran.r‐project.org.
Tetranuclear [Mn2Co2], [Mn2Fe2], and [Mn2Mn2] Complexes with Defective Double‐Cubane Cores and Phenoxo and Oxo Bridges: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Malpaharia Pijush , Pramanik Koushik , Costes Jean‐Pierre , Tuchagues Jean‐Pierre , Moulton Brian , Zaworotko Michael J. , Das Babulal , Chandra Swapan K.
Published: August 2014

Three new tetranuclear complexes [MnIII2CoIII2O2(L)2][ClO4]2 (1), [MnIII2FeIII2O2(L)2][ClO4]2 (2), and [MnIII2MnIII2O2(L)2][MnII(NCS)4] (3) have been synthesized through reactions of the mononuclear [MnIIIL] precursor with the corresponding metal perchlorate under aerobic conditions [H3L = tris(2‐salicylaldimine)amine, a condensation product between tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine and salicylaldehyde in a 1:3 molar ratio]. These compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques including single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. The structure of 1 consists of oxo‐/phenoxo‐bridged CoIII and MnIII centers in a defective double‐cubane topology. The molecules of 2 and 3 have similar structures with the CoIII centers changed to FeIII centers in 2 and to MnIII centers in 3. These isostructural complexes have been scrutinized with regard to changes in distortions (distances and angles) of the metal coordination spheres. Magnetic studies indicate that 1, 2, and 3 show predominant antiferromagnetic interactions. Changes in the electronic properties concomitant with changes in the distortions in 1, 2, and 3 are analyzed in terms of magnetostructural correlations.
Three‐dimensional numerical simulation of red blood cell motion in Poiseuille flows
Authors: Shi Lingling , Pan Tsorng‐Whay , Glowinski Roland
Published: August 2014

An immersed boundary method based on an FEM has been successfully combined with an elastic spring network model for simulating the dynamical behavior of a red blood cell (RBC) in Poiseuille flows. This elastic spring network preserves the biconcave shape of the RBC in the sense that after the removal of the body force for driving the Poiseuille flow, the RBC with its typical parachute shape in a tube does restore its biconcave resting shape. As a benchmark test, the relationship between the deformation index and the capillary number of the RBCs flowing through a narrow cylindrical tube has been validated. For the migration properties of a single cell in a slit Poiseuille flow, a slipper shape accompanied by a cell membrane tank‐treading motion is obtained for Re , and the cell mass center is away from the center line of the channel due to its asymmetric slipper shape. For the lower Re ⩽0.0137, an RBC with almost undeformed biconcave shape has a tumbling motion. A transition from tumbling to tank‐treading happens at the Reynolds number between 0.0137 and 0.03. In slit Poiseuille flow, the RBC can also exhibit a rolling motion like a wheel during the migration when the cell is released in the fluid flow with φ = π/2 and θ = π/2 (see Figure 12 for the definition of φ and θ). The lower the Reynolds number, the longer the rolling motion lasts; but the equilibrium shape and position are independent from the cell initial position in the channel. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The rediscovery of infinite slope model / Die Wiederentdeckung der unendlich langen Böschung
Authors: Fellin Wolfgang
Published: August 2014

The infinite slope model is very simple and its essential conclusion is that the maximum inclination of a cohesionless slope is equal to the friction angle of the soil. In combination with generally used failure models for cohesionless soils this assumption leads to an overestimation of slope stability. Alternative estimations for slope stability are presented in this contribution.

Das Modell der unendlich langen Böschung ist sehr einfach und liefert als klassische Schlussfolgerung, dass die maximale Neigung einer kohäsionslosen Böschung gleich dem Reibungswinkel des Bodens ist. Dies liegt für die im Allgemeinen verwendeten Versagensmodelle kohäsionsloser Böden für steilere Böschungen deutlich auf der unsicheren Seite. In diesem Beitrag werden alternative Abschätzungen angeführt.
Contact with ruminants is associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk
Authors: Nasrollahzadeh Dariush , Ye Weimin , Shakeri Ramin , Sotoudeh Masoud , Merat Shahin , Kamangar Farin , Abnet Christian C. , Islami Farhad , Boffetta Paolo , Dawsey Sanford M. , Brennan Paul , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: August 2014

The etiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the high risk area of northern Iran is only partially known. We aimed to investigate prolonged animal contact as a risk factor for ESCC in this population. From 2003 to 2007, we administered a validated questionnaire to 300 ESCC cases and 571 randomly selected controls matched for neighborhood of residence, age (±2 years) and sex. Questions on lifelong exposure to equines, ruminants, canines, and poultry, including duration and level of contact, were asked in a face‐to‐face interviews. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) adjusted for potential confounders. A total of 94.7% of cases and 68.7% of controls reported lifelong history of contact with ruminants. After controlling for potential confounders, contact with ruminants was associated with an eightfold increase (95% CI: 3.92–14.86) in risk of ESCC, and increments in duration of contact raised the risk estimates in a dose‐dependent manner. Contact with equines and poultry did not significantly change associated OR for ESCC risk and contact with ruminants. OR (95% CI) for contact with canines was 1.99 (1.35–2.93) which after exclusion of contact with ruminants was not significant (OR for contact only with canine: 3.18, 95% CI: 0.73–13.17). These results add to the evidence that contact with ruminants may increase the risk of ESCC.
Extremal H‐Colorings of Graphs with Fixed Minimum Degree
Authors: Engbers John
Published: August 2014

For graphs G and H, a homomorphism from G to H, or H‐coloring of G, is a map from the vertices of G to the vertices of H that preserves adjacency. When H is composed of an edge with one looped endvertex, an H‐coloring of G corresponds to an independent set in G. Galvin showed that, for sufficiently large n, the complete bipartite graph is the n‐vertex graph with minimum degree δ that has the largest number of independent sets. In this article, we begin the project of generalizing this result to arbitrary H. Writing for the number of H‐colorings of G, we show that for fixed H and or ,

urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt21820:jgt21820-math-0005for any n‐vertex G with minimum degree δ (for sufficiently large n). We also provide examples of H for which the maximum is achieved by and other H for which the maximum is achieved by . For (and sufficiently large n), we provide an infinite family of H for which for any n‐vertex G with minimum degree δ. The results generalize to weighted H‐colorings.
In vitro assessment of the multifunctional bioactive potential of Alaska pollock skin collagen following simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Guo Lidong , Harnedy Pádraigín A , Zhang Li , Li Bafang , Zhang Zhaohui , Hou Hu , Zhao Xue , FitzGerald Richard J
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND

Dietary mineral deficiency, hypertension and diabetes have become serious human health problems. Dietary approaches are increasingly being investigated to address these issues. Identification of food‐derived biological peptides has become an important approach to control such diseases. Peptides generated from aquatic byproducts have been shown to possess biological activities.

RESULTS

Significantly higher copper‐chelating activity was observed on simulated hydrolysis of intact collagen. The collagen hydrolysate generated in the gastric stage exhibited moderate angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 2.92 ± 0.22 mg mL−1, which significantly decreased to 0.49 ± 0.02 mg mL−1 after intestinal digestion. The dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV‐inhibitory potency of the collagen hydrolysate generated directly following simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) (IC50 2.59 ± 0.04 mg mL−1) was significantly lower than that of the collagen tryptic hydrolysate (CTH) (IC50 1.53 ± 0.01 mg mL−1). The antioxidant activities of collagen and CTH using the ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were 0.87 ± 0.10 and 1.27 ± 0.03 µmol Trolox equivalent (TE) g−1 respectively after SGID.

CONCLUSION

This study identifies collagen as a good and inexpensive substrate for the generation of biologically active peptides with potential applications as functional ingredients in the management of chronic illness and mineral deficiency problems. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Strong negation in intuitionistic style sequent systems for residuated lattices
Authors: Kozak Michał
Published: August 2014

We study the sequent system mentioned in the author's work as CyInFL with ‘intuitionistic’ sequents. We explore the connection between this system and symmetric constructive logic of Zaslavsky and develop an algebraic semantics for both of them. In contrast to the previous work, we prove the strong completeness theorem for CyInFL with ‘intuitionistic’ sequents and all of its basic variants, including variants with contraction. We also show how the defined classes of structures are related to cyclic involutive FL‐algebras and Nelson FLew‐algebras. In particular, we prove the definitional equivalence of symmetric constructive FLewc‐algebras (algebraic models of symmetric constructive logic) and Nelson FLew‐algebras (algebras introduced by Spinks and Veroff , as the termwise equivalent definition of Nelson algebras). Because of the strong completeness theorem that covers all basic variants of CyInFL with ‘intuitionistic’ sequents, we rename this sequent system to symmetric constructive full Lambek calculus (). We verify the decidability of this system and its basic variants, as we did in the case of their distributive cousins . As a consequence we obtain that the corresponding theories of (distributive and nondistributive) symmetric constructive FL‐algebras are decidable.
Effect of SiO2/EVA on the mechanical properties, permeability, and residual solvent of polypropylene packaging films
Authors: Li Dongli , Zhang Jingyong , Xu Wencai , Fu Yabo
Published: August 2014

The surface of nano‐silica was modified by ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) emulsion and then blended with polypropylene (PP) to yield a nano‐silica/PP composite material. This composite was intended to enhance the mechanical properties of PP, improve its melting point and degree of crystallinity, reduce its oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability, decrease the adsorption of PP packaging films against organic solvents, and improve the films' performance for food safety. The experiments showed that the crystallinity of PP modified by nano‐silica increased, leading to enhanced mechanical and barrier properties, while its melting point rose. Meanwhile, the residual solvent value of the modified PP films was reduced by 10–90%. POLYM. COMPOS., 101–107, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Living Shoreline in a Confined, Non‐Tidal Waterway Subject to Heavy Shipping Traffic
Authors: De Roo S. , Troch P.
Published: August 2014

River bank erosion is a point of concern along navigable waterways because it increases the likelihood of bank failure. In non‐tidal and restricted fetch waterways, bank failure is mainly the result of extreme weather events and ship wave action. To counteract progressive bank erosion, nature‐friendly bank protection (a ‘living’ shoreline) has been installed in a stretch of the Lys (Belgium). It consists of off‐bank timber piling, which separates the fairway from the shallow water riverine environment, and a reed belt, planted at the base of the vertical cut bank. To evaluate its effectiveness, short‐term and long‐term field studies were carried out. The long‐term topographic survey did not reveal a clear difference in bank erosion rates between the surveyed nature‐friendly protected and naturally eroding embayments. Horizontal bank retreat could however not be linked directly to occasional flooding events and frequent ship wave action, although the latter's influence was inferred qualitatively. Based on velocity and turbidity measurements, the short‐term study pointed out the importance of an individual ship's wave action on bed and bank erosion behind the off‐bank timber piling. All ships were able to resuspend sandy bed sediments; yet, only a significant higher sediment volume was transported because of shipping traffic of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) classes IV and Va. If ship wave energy exceeded 45 Jm−2, silty bank particles were dislodged from the river bank. Although validation of the results by longer term assessments may complete the physical insight in river bank erosion, the study indicated that this particular bank protecting configuration does not provide sufficient protection against ship wave action and does not adequately prevent further bank erosion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-yield recombinant xylanase production by Aspergillus nidulans under pyridoxine limitation
Authors: Müller Michael , Segato Fernando , Prade Rolf A , Wilkins Mark R
Published: August 2014

The present study investigated the limitation of pyridoxine on an Aspergillus nidulans culture that produces xylanase B (XynB) as a client enzyme and was unable to synthesize pyridoxine. This technique was used to limit cell growth and divert substrate to product formation for a surface grown culture that could be used in trickle bed reactors. It was observed that growth was limited when pyridoxine was absent, while enzyme production was unaffected. Enzyme production was 1,026 U after 480 h of continuous fermentation, which was similar to a culture that grew on medium with pyridoxine. Furthermore, the present study investigated the growth rate of A. nidulans with pyridoxine in the medium and determined the productivity of XynB production with and without pyridoxine. A maximum growth rate of 0.311/h was observed. The maximum XynB productivity of 21.14 U/g h was achieved when pyridoxine was not added to the medium.
Causal nexus between economic growth, banking sector development, stock market development, and other macroeconomic variables: The case of ASEAN countries
Authors: Pradhan Rudra P. , Arvin Mak B. , Hall John H. , Bahmani Sahar
Published: August 2014

This paper examines the relationship between banking sector development, stock market development, economic growth, and four other macroeconomic variables in ASEAN countries for the period 1961–2012. Using principal component analysis for the construction of the development indices and a panel vector auto‐regressive model for testing the Granger causalities, this study finds the presence of both unidirectional and bidirectional causality links between these variables. The study contributes to understanding the importance of the interrelationship between the variables and combines the different strands of the literature. It also contributes to the literature by focusing on a group of countries that have not been studied before. One particular policy recommendation is to make the banking sector more accessible for those country's inhabitants that do not have bank accounts. Another policy recommendation is to nurture stock market development, which will facilitate the increased raising of capital for investment purposes to enhance economic growth.
Electron-emission-induced cooling of boundary region in fusion devices
Authors: Mishra Sanjay K. , Avinash K. , Kaw Predhiman
Published: August 2014

In this brief communication we have explored whether the electron emission from the boundary region surfaces (or from additional fine structured dust particles/droplets of some benign material put purposely in the area surrounding the surfaces) can act as an efficient cooling mechanism for boundary region surfaces/dust electrons and hence the lattice. In order to estimate the contribution of this cooling process a simple kinetic model based on charge flux balance and associated energetics has been established. Along with some additional sophistication like suitable choice of material and modification in the work function via surface coating, the estimates show that it is possible to keep the temperature of the plate/particles well within the critical limit, i.e. melting/sublimation point for the desired regime of incident heat flux.
Upward movement of buried seeds: another ecological role of dung beetles promoting seedling establishment
Authors: Santos-Heredia Carolina , Andresen Ellen
Published: August 2014

Dung beetles are known to perform important ecological functions, such as secondary seed dispersal of vertebrate-defecated seeds. We found that dung beetles also move buried seeds upwards, with positive consequences for seedling establishment. In the Lacandon rain forest of southern Mexico we conducted field experiments to address three questions: (1) What proportions of different-sized seeds buried by dung beetles are exhumed by them? (2) Does upward relocation of seeds caused by dung beetle activity promote seedling establishment? (3) Does recurrent beetle activity increase seedling establishment? Using 4-mm, 8-mm and 12-mm beads as seed mimics, embedded in howler-monkey dung, we found that 2–6% of buried beads were later exhumed by beetles, with smaller beads exhumed more often. In small plots (N = 100) where beetles were allowed to bury dung and seed rain was excluded, seedling establishment was over three times higher compared with plots without beetle activity. In plots (N = 8) where we placed dung on four occasions in 1 mo, seedling establishment was more than twice as high compared with plots with single-time dung placement. We believe that our findings open up interesting research opportunities to help further elucidate this newly discovered ecological function of dung beetles.
Two unique black pepper accessions with very long spikes from the centre of origin
Authors: Sasikumar B. , George Johnson K. , Saji K. V. , Anke Gowda S. J. , Zachariah T. J.
Published: August 2014

Two unique black pepper accessions with very long spikes, hitherto unreported in the world genepool of black pepper, were collected from the centre of origin of the species and characterized. The two accessions can be a valuable genetic source in the improvement of spike length.
Ultrafast Z → E photoisomerisation of structurally modified furylfulgides
Authors: Renth Falk , Siewertsen Ron , Strübe Frank , Mattay Jochen , Temps Friedrich
Published: August 2014

Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of Z-fulgides with selected structural motifs revealed fast and direct excited-state dynamics independent of chemical modifications.
Fabrication of collagen scaffolds impregnated with sago starch capped silver nanoparticles suitable for biomedical applications and their physicochemical studies
Authors: Mandal Abhishek , Sekar Santhanam , Seeni Meera Kamal Mohamed , Mukherjee Amitava , Sastry Thotapalli P. , Mandal Asit Baran
Published: August 2014

Silver nanoparticles capped with sago starch that were used for the fabrication of biocompatible collagen-based scaffolds may find tissue regeneration applications.
Monitoring hydroquinone–quinone redox cycling by single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Rybina A. , Thaler B. , Krämer R. , Herten D.-P.
Published: August 2014

Current research in the field of single-molecule chemistry is increasingly focused on the development of reliable experimental approaches for investigating chemical processes on a molecular level using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy (SMFS).
Nucleolipids as building blocks for the synthesis of 99mTc-labeled nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid
Authors: Oumzil Khalid , Khiati Salim , Camplo Michel , Koquely Marc , Chuttani Krishna , Chaturvedi Shubhra , Mishra Anil K. , Barthélémy Philippe
Published: August 2014

Nucleoside-lipids are efficient bio-inspired amphiphiles for the construction of nanoparticles for image-guided therapy applications.
Radiolytic synthesis of Au–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles supported on TiO2: application in photocatalysis
Authors: Hai Zibin , EL Kolli Nadia , Chen Jiafu , Remita Hynd
Published: August 2014

The modification of TiO2 with Au–Cu nanoalloys (synthesized by radiolysis after deposition–precipitation in the presence of urea) induces an enhancement in the photocatalytic activity under UV light.
Recalcitrance of cyanuric acid to oxidative degradation by OH radical: theoretical investigation
Authors: Liu Guangyan
Published: August 2014

Electron deficiency of the triazine ring makes the reactions between cyanuric acid and OH radical energetically unfavorable.
Self-assembly of hard helices: a rich and unconventional polymorphism
Authors: Kolli Hima Bindu , Frezza Elisa , Cinacchi Giorgio , Ferrarini Alberta , Giacometti Achille , Hudson Toby S. , De Michele Cristiano , Sciortino Francesco
Published: August 2014

Phase sequence upon increasing the volume fraction in the caser= 0.2,p= 8.
Marangoni instability in the iodate–arsenous acid reaction front
Authors: Pópity-Tóth Éva , Pótári Gábor , Erdős István , Horváth Dezső , Tóth Ágota
Published: August 2014

Horizontally propagating chemical fronts leading to the formation of a single stable convection roll are investigated in the iodate–arsenous acid reaction with arsenous acid stoichiometrically limiting, leaving the surface active iodine present in the product mixture. In sufficiently thin solution layers with open upper surface, the contribution of Marangoni instability is significantly enhanced. Acting in the same direction as buoyancy driven instability, it distorts the entire tilted reaction front that becomes 50% more elongated. The corresponding three-dimensional calculations based on the empirical rate-law of the reaction corroborate the experimental findings.
Investigation of electronically excited indole relaxation dynamics via photoionization and fragmentation pump-probe spectroscopy
Authors: Godfrey T. J. , Yu Hui , Ullrich Susanne
Published: August 2014

The studies herein investigate the involvement of the low-lying 1La and 1Lb states with 1ππ* character and the 1πσ* state in the deactivation process of indole following photoexcitation at 201 nm. Three gas-phase, pump-probe spectroscopic techniques are employed: (1) Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-PES), (2) hydrogen atom (H-atom) time-resolved kinetic energy release (TR-KER), and (3) time-resolved ion yield (TR-IY). Each technique provides complementary information specific to the photophysical processes in the indole molecule. In conjunction, a thorough examination of the electronically excited states in the relaxation process, with particular focus on the involvement of the 1πσ* state, is afforded. Through an extensive analysis of the TR-PES data presented here, it is deduced that the initial excitation of the 1Bb state decays to the 1La state on a timescale beyond the resolution of the current experimental setup. Relaxation proceeds on the 1La state with an ultrafast decay constant (<100 femtoseconds (fs)) to the lower-lying 1Lb state, which is found to possess a relatively long lifetime of 23 ± 5 picoseconds (ps) before regressing to the ground state. These studies also manifest an additional component with a relaxation time of 405 ± 76 fs, which is correlated with activity along the 1πσ* state. TR-KER and TR-IY experiments, both specifically probing 1πσ* dynamics, exhibit similar decay constants, further validating these observations.
An electron/ion spectrometer with the ability of low energy electron measurement for fast ignition experiments
Authors: Ozaki T. , Kojima S. , Arikawa Y. , Shiraga H. , Sakagami H. , Fujioka S. , Kato R.
Published: August 2014

An electron energy spectrometer (ESM) is one of the most fundamental diagnostics in the fast ignition experiment. It is necessary to observe the spectra down to a low energy range in order to obtain the accurate deposition efficiency toward the core. Here, we realize the suitable ESM by using a ferrite magnet with a moderate magnetic field of 0.3 T and a rectangular magnetic circuit covered with a steel plate in the inlet side.
Streak generation in wind tunnels
Authors: Pook David A. , Watmuff Jonathan H.
Published: August 2014

Computational results are presented which co-validate published experimental observations of steady streaks, deliberately generated by the steady wake of a wire placed upstream of a flat plate with a prescribed leading edge. The largest streak occurs when the wake is generated from a wire placed upstream of the wind tunnel contraction. Normal vorticity passing through the contraction leads to the creation of streamwise vorticity in the test-section via tilting and stretching. The computational results allow the original experiment to be reinterpreted as a receptivity experiment that demonstrates the boundary layer is more receptive to steady streamwise vorticity than normal vorticity. It also suggests an interesting mechanism for the generation of Klebanoff streaks in wind tunnels. The effect of shifting the attachment point at the leading edge on receptivity is also demonstrated. The streak growth is compared to the Optimal streak often used in computational studies. The modal growth of the streak generated by free-stream normal vorticity is found to have a streamwise location of peak energy close to the Optimal streak for wavelengths larger than the leading edge thickness. However, the location of the peak energy for the streamwise vorticity streak varies substantially with wavelength. Differences in wall-normal profiles are also noted.
Denaturation and renaturation behaviors of short DNA in a confined space
Authors: Li Huaping , Wang Zilu , Li Ningning , He Xuehao , Liang Haojun
Published: August 2014

A deep understanding to the denaturation and renaturation behaviors of DNA in a confined state is fundamentally important to control the self-assembly of DNA in a chamber or channel for various applications. In this report, we study the denaturation and renaturation behaviors of short DNA confined in cylindrical and spherical spaces with the 3-Site-Per-Nucleotide coarse-grained DNA model applying the replica exchange molecular dynamics technology. It is found that as the confinement size decreases, the melting temperature Tm increases and the transition becomes broad. The analysis of the potential of mean force shows that the confinement increases the relative free energy of the denatured state of DNA and decreases the renaturation energy barrier. Besides the denatured and native states, the metastable parallel-stranded structure is also found. The simulation results show that the shapes of the confinement spaces and the short DNA sequences remarkably affect the renaturation behavior. In the cylindrical space, the DNA renaturation changes from random-binding to slithering-binding with the size of the confinement space decreasing. In contrast, the DNA renaturation in the spherical and symmetrical confinement space proceeds through strand binding and rolling. The relationship between the melting temperature and the confinement size, ΔTm/Tm ∼ Rc−υ, is estimated and the exponential index υ equals about 1.32 and 1.75 in the cylindrical and spherical confinements, respectively. It is further compared with the theoretical result of the rigid rod model and a qualitative agreement with the simulation is achieved.
Vibrationally resolved high-resolution NEXAFS and XPS spectra of phenanthrene and coronene
Authors: Fronzoni Giovanna , Baseggio Oscar , Stener Mauro , Hua Weijie , Tian Guangjun , Luo Yi , Apicella Barbara , Alfé Michela , de Simone Monica , Kivimäki Antti , Coreno Marcello
Published: August 2014

We performed a combined experimental and theoretical study of the C1s Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in the gas phase of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and coronene), typically formed in combustion reactions. In the NEXAFS of both molecules, a double-peak structure appears in the C1s → LUMO region, which differ by less than 1 eV in transition energies. The vibronic coupling is found to play an important role in such systems. It leads to weakening of the lower-energy peak and strengthening of the higher-energy one because the 0 − n (n > 0) vibrational progressions of the lower-energy peak appear in nearly the same region of the higher-energy peak. Vibrationally resolved theoretical spectra computed within the Frank-Condon (FC) approximation and linear coupling model agree well with the high-resolution experimental results. We find that FC-active normal modes all correspond to in-plane vibrations.
Using penumbral imaging to measure micrometer size plasma hot spots in Gbar equation of state experiments on the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Bachmann B. , Kritcher A. L. , Benedetti L. R. , Falcone R. W. , Glenn S. , Hawreliak J. , Izumi N. , Kraus D. , Landen O. L. , Le Pape S. , Ma T. , Pérez F. , Swift D. , Döppner T.
Published: August 2014

We have developed an experimental platform for absolute equation of state measurements up to Gbar pressures on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) within the Fundamental Science Program. We use a symmetry-tuned hohlraum drive to launch a spherical shock wave into a solid CH sphere. Streaked radiography is the primary diagnostic to measure the density change at the shock front as the pressure increases towards smaller radii. At shock stagnation in the center of the capsule, we observe a short and bright x-ray self emission from high density (∼50 g/cm3) plasma at ∼1 keV. Here, we present results obtained with penumbral imaging which has been carried out to characterize the size of the hot spot emission. This allows extending existing NIF diagnostic capabilities for spatial resolution (currently ∼10 μm) at higher sensitivity. At peak emission we find the hot spot radius to be as small as 5.8 +/− 1 μm, corresponding to a convergence ratio of 200.
Communication: Striking dependence of diffusion kinetics in Ag–Cu nanoalloys upon composition and quantum effects
Authors: Asgari Mehdi , Negreiros Fabio R. , Sementa Luca , Barcaro Giovanni , Behnejad Hassan , Fortunelli Alessandro
Published: August 2014

The kinetics of elemental inter-diffusion in Ag–Cu nanoalloys of 32–34 atoms around 80:20 composition is theoretically investigated by combining analytic-potential and first-principles calculations. An extremely varied behavior is found, with transformation times ranging from tens of nanoseconds to weeks at room temperature in a narrow interval of size and composition, also depending on quantum effects in magic clusters. Predictions are consistent with time-of-flight experiments and suggest their interpretation in a new light.
Dependence of electron trapping on bubble geometry in laser-plasma wakefield acceleration
Authors: Li X. F. , Gu Y. J. , Yu Q. , Huang S. , Zhang F. , Kong Q. , Kawata S.
Published: August 2014

The effect of bubble shape in laser-plasma electron acceleration was investigated. We showed the general existence of an ellipsoid bubble. The electromagnetic field in this bubble and its dependence on bubble shape were determined through theory. The electron-trapping cross-section for different bubble aspect ratios was studied in detail. When the shape of the bubble was close to spherical, the trapping cross-section reached to the maximum. When the bubble deviated from a spherical shape, the cross-section decreased until electron injection no longer occurred. These results were confirmed by particle-in-cell simulation.
Communication: Relativistic Fock-space coupled cluster study of small building blocks of larger uranium complexes
Authors: Tecmer Paweł , Severo Pereira Gomes André , Knecht Stefan , Visscher Lucas
Published: August 2014

We present a study of the electronic structure of the [UO2]+, [UO2]2 +, [UO2]3 +, NUO, [NUO]+, [NUO]2 +, [NUN]−, NUN, and [NUN]+ molecules with the intermediate Hamiltonian Fock-space coupled cluster method. The accuracy of mean-field approaches based on the eXact-2-Component Hamiltonian to incorporate spin–orbit coupling and Gaunt interactions are compared to results obtained with the Dirac–Coulomb Hamiltonian. Furthermore, we assess the reliability of calculations employing approximate density functionals in describing electronic spectra and quantities useful in rationalizing Uranium (VI) species reactivity (hardness, electronegativity, and electrophilicity).
Large plasmonic fluorescence enhancement of cyanobacterial photosystem I coupled to silver island films
Authors: Czechowski N. , Lokstein H. , Kowalska D. , Ashraf K. , Cogdell R. J. , Mackowski S.
Published: August 2014

A large, two-orders-of-magnitude enhancement of fluorescence emission from cyanobacterial Photosystem I (PSI) coupled to plasmonic excitations in silver island films was observed. Such a high value has not been reported for metal-enhanced fluorescence of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes before. The dramatic enhancement of the PSI emission occurs when PSI is excited resonantly into the Qx and Qy bands of chlorophyll a. In contrast, excitation in the carotenoid absorption band yields ten times lower enhancement factors. We attribute these large values of enhancement factor to plasmon-induced activation of excitation and emission channels absent for isolated PSI complexes.
Optical spectra and intensities of graphene magnetic dot bound to a negatively charged Coulomb impurity
Authors: Lee C. M. , Chan K. S.
Published: August 2014

Employing numerical diagonalization, we study the optical properties of an electron in a monolayer-graphene magnetic dot bound to an off-center negatively charged Coulomb impurity based on the massless Dirac-Weyl model. Numerical results show that, since the electron-hole symmetry is broken by the Coulomb potential, the optical absorption spectra of the magnetic dot in the presence of a Coulomb impurity are different between the electron states and the hole states. Effects of both the magnetic field and the dot size on the absorption coefficient are presented as functions of the incident photon energies.
Ion traps fabricated in a CMOS foundry
Authors: Mehta K. K. , Eltony A. M. , Bruzewicz C. D. , Chuang I. L. , Ram R. J. , Sage J. M. , Chiaverini J.
Published: August 2014

We demonstrate trapping in a surface-electrode ion trap fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) foundry process utilizing the top metal layer of the process for the trap electrodes. The process includes doped active regions and metal interconnect layers, allowing for co-fabrication of standard CMOS circuitry as well as devices for optical control and measurement. With one of the interconnect layers defining a ground plane between the trap electrode layer and the p-type doped silicon substrate, ion loading is robust and trapping is stable. We measure a motional heating rate comparable to those seen in surface-electrode traps of similar size. This demonstration of scalable quantum computing hardware utilizing a commercial CMOS process opens the door to integration and co-fabrication of electronics and photonics for large-scale quantum processing in trapped-ion arrays.
Spin-lasers: From threshold reduction to large-signal analysis
Authors: Lee Jeongsu , Bearden Sean , Wasner Evan , Žutić Igor
Published: August 2014

Lasers in which spin-polarized carriers are injected provide paths to different practical room temperature spintronic devices, not limited to magnetoresistive effects. Unlike the conventional understanding of spintronic devices, an optimal performance of such spin-lasers can arise for finite, not infinite, spin relaxation time. By considering spin-relaxation times of both electrons and holes, we elucidate advantages of spin-lasers over their conventional (spin-unpolarized) counterparts. In addition to the steady-state threshold reduction, spin-lasers can improve transient operation leading to shorter turn-on delay times, reduced ringing of emitted light, and an enhanced bandwidth.