bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crosswell, Beetle - The Life Of General Bedell Smith
Authors: Bourque Stephen
Published: June 2024

It is almost impossible to read a book about General Dwight David Eisenhower and not find references to General Walter Bedell Smith. Throughout the Second World War, Smith worked alongside Eisenhower as his Chief of Staff and most trusted assistant, directing the largest, most complex, and most important command organization in American military history. While the commander made the decisions, Smith supervised the preparation of the orders that got the military forces moving: in Sicily, Italy, and for the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944. In no small way, Eisenhower was successful because of "Beetle" Smith's competent leadership and sound advice, a fact he acknowledged after Smith 's death in 1961. He never carried the responsibility of senior combat command, yet his role in the Allied defeat of Germany was as critical as anyone in Europe. After the war, he served President Harry S. Truman as ambassador to the Soviet Union, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, and Under Secretary of State. In spite of this distinguished career, few are aware of Smith or his role in twentieth-century American history.
Напрями розвитку спроможностей сил оборони України у сфері стратегічних комунікацій
Authors: Полевий В.
Published: June 2024

Перехід до оборонного планування на основі спроможностей (далі ОПОС) прямо передбачений чинним законодавством [1] і означає програмно-цільовий метод планування на основі ефектів, тобто має містити вимірювані показники зміни характеристики об’єкту впливу. Відсутність практики ОПОС та науково обґрунтованого переліку комунікаційних ефектів СК обумовлює актуальність дослідження.
Метою статті є висвітлення результатів дослідження стосовно формування напрямків розвитку спроможностей сил оборони (СО) зі стратегічних комунікацій (СК).
У процесі дослідження використовувались як загальнонаукові, так і спеціально-наукові методи: системно-структурного та функціонального аналізу, порівняння, синтезу та інші.
Сутністю ОПОС є здатність досягати запланованих результатів через створення ефектів, тобто зміни стану певних характеристик середовища.
Спроможність – це здатність досягати результату (ефекту) з визначеним рівнем показників за визначених обставин. Цей підхід знайшов відображення в чинних нормативних документах. Зміна характеристик середовища є впливом, який цікавить керівництво держави. Інформаційні спроможності – засоби, війська, сили, тактичні або технічні прийоми, інша діяльність, що можуть бути використані в інформаційному просторі для створення у ньому потрібних ефектів та формування умов для досягнення кінцевої мети. Спроможності сил оборони у сфері стратегічних комунікацій – це здатність досягати військово-політичних цілей держави усіма доступними інструментами комунікації.
Проведене дослідження дозволило сформулювати рекомендації щодо пріоритетних напрямів розвитку спроможностей сил оборони зі стратегічних комунікацій.
У статті запропонована модель розвитку цих спроможностей на основі комунікаційних ефектів.
Погляди щодо удосконалення управління частинами територіальної оборони та їх забезпечення
Authors: Попельський М. , Шевчук В.
Published: June 2024

Безпосередня участь частин та підрозділів Сил Територіальної оборони ЗС України в забезпеченні проведення повномасштабної мобілізації населення, оперативного розгортання сил і засобів оборони, участь їх в обороні населених пунктів та їх звільненні від загарбників забезпечило стратегічне розгортання Сил оборони держави та не дало можливості РФ виконати завдання “спеціальної військової операції” у визначений термін.
В той же час виявилась низка проблем, а саме:
низький рівень професійної підготовки та тактичного досвіду в організації управління в бойовій обстановці;
невчасне і неповне забезпечення важкими видами озброєння, технікою зв’язку, боєприпасами та іншими матеріально-технічними засобами військових частин територіальної оборони (ТрО).
Аналіз нормативно-правових актів України, функціонування створеного окремого роду військ – Командування Сил ТрО ЗС України протягом ведення широкомасштабної війни з РФ та змісту основних завдань ТрО дозволив сформулювати пропозиції щодо удосконалення системи управління частинами Сил ТрО ЗС України шляхом:
внесення змін в організаційно-штатну структуру органів державної військової адміністрації;
формування Регіональних командувань на базі оперативних командувань (по принципу військових округів) з комплектом військових частин (2-3 корпусів, частин РВ і А, ППО та забезпечення) та їх керівництво частинами ТрО в зоні своєї відповідальності з залученням до їх складу в особливий період оперативних управлінь регіональних управлінь ТрО;
всебічного матеріально-технічного забезпечення Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України в загальній системі матеріально-технічного забезпечення Збройних Сил України;
з набуттям спроможностей бригадами та корпусами, які заново формуються, до виконання завдань за призначенням, проведення ротації частин територіальної оборони Сил територіальної оборони з районів бойових дій.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SYARIAH AND CIVIL LAW IN THE MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM: DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Dato' Syeikh Abdul Halim Tun Dato' Sri Ahmad Fairuz
Published: June 2024

May I begin by expressing my deepest appreciation for the honour and privilege accorded to me by the Organizing Committee of Tuanku Najihah Syariah and Law Lecture & Kolej Universiti Islam Malaysia for inviting me to deliver the Inaugural Tuanku Najihah Syariah and Law Lecture. It is Indeed an honour, which is greatly augmented by the gracious presence of Her Majesty, the Chancellor of the Islamic University College of Malaysia, who had earlier on officiated the launching ceremony of this Lecture.
THE RIGHT OF PRIVATE DEFENCE IN PP V DATO' BALWANT SINGH
Authors: Imam Supaat Dina
Published: June 2024

This note discusses a case that dealt with the issue of private defence in a murder of a motorcyclist by the defendant who claimed that he was assaulted by the deceased prior to a fatal shot causing his death. In the trial, the prosecution has proved a prima facie case against the accused but as illustrated in the Penal Code, the conduct of the accused may well fall under private defence but the court must ensure that the defence exercised fits the description of sections 97, 100 and 102 of the Penal Code. The court needs to determine whether the accused has not exceeded his right to private defence when he shot the deceased who was only armed with a tree branch. This casenote is a descriptive study that analyses the testimony of witnesses and how private defence was then consistently established by the accused. It also highlighted a case where a claim of private defence was denied by a court for the purpose of comparing it with the present case in which the court decided in favour of the accused.
Retrospective evaluation of diseases in wild birds brought to Aksaray University Veterinary Faculty Animal Hospital Surgery Clinics: 102 cases (2020-2023)
Authors: Gümüş Fehmiye , Avcı Nihan , Özgermen Başak , Sağlam Mehmet
Published: June 2024

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate surgical diseases in wild birds that were brought to Aksaray University Veterinary Faculty Animal Hospital. A total of 102 wild birds with orthopedic and/or soft tissue diseases were included in the study. The orthopedic diseases encountered were arthrosis (n=3), luxation (n=5), and fracture (n=38). The most frequent type of fracture was ulna fractures (33.33%), followed by radius fractures (27.45%), metacarpus fractures (9,80%), humerus fractures (9,80%), tibiotarsus fractures (9,80%), carpus (5,88%), and finally femur fractures (3.92%). The fractures were treated using an '8'-shaped bandage (n=15), intramedullary pin and cerclage application (n=12), and external fixator (n=1). In cases of infection, nerve damage, joint arthrosis, bone necrosis, and muscle macerations, wing amputation (n=10) was performed. The most prevalent soft tissue diseases were wounds and injuries (n=45), followed by general condition disorders (n=15), ophthalmological diseases (n=6), and neurological diseases (n=5) respectively. Wounds were treated with sutures or wound dressings. Infectious ophthalmologic diseases and neurological diseases were medically treated. All wild birds that are brought to a veterinary clinic should undergo a detailed physical and radiological examination for an accurate diagnosis. In cases where emergency intervention is required, it is crucial to perform the indicated treatment without delay and to maintain follow-up care. This will ensure that the birds can be safely returned to their natural habitats.
Phát triển tài chính, đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài và tăng trưởng kinh tế các quốc gia ASEAN
Authors: Phạm Thị Nga
Published: June 2024

Phát triển tài chính và đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài có vai trò quan trọng đối với sự phát triển kinh tế của các quốc gia. Do đó, nghiên cứu này đánh giá tác động của phát triển tài chính, đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài tới tăng trưởng kinh tế các quốc gia ASEAN. Nghiên cứu với dữ liệu thu thập tại 11 quốc gia từ 2000 đến 2022, sử dụng phương pháp dữ liệu bảng cùng các kiểm định nhằm kiểm tra mối quan hệ này. Phát triển tài chính được đánh giá qua ba chỉ số: phát triển trung gian tài chính, phát triển thị trường tài chính và tín dụng khu vực tư nhân. Kết quả phân tích mô hình hồi quy bình phương tối thiểu tổng quát chỉ ra tác động tích cực của phát triển tài chính, đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài lên phát triển kinh tế. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu này, tác giả đưa ra một số hàm ý lý thuyết và hàm ý chính sách giúp thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế dựa trên phát triển tài chính và đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài.
Pengembangan E-Portofolio Berbasis Web untuk Career Development Center
Authors: Fitriani Leni , Setiawan Ridwan , Hamdi Wildan Hidayatul
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem e-portofolio bagi mahasiswa dan alumni Institut Teknologi Garut, yang disediakan oleh Career Development Center (CDC). Sistem ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk mengarsipkan karya digital atau bukti pencapaian mereka, seperti sertifikasi, riwayat pekerjaan, pendidikan, dan keterlibatan dalam organisasi, sebagai e-portofolio. Metodologi Agile dengan pendekatan Scrum digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dan sistem ini dirancang sebagai situs web menggunakan Framework React JS. Hasilnya adalah sistem alternatif yang memudahkan pengguna untuk membuat dan mengakses e-portofolio secara digital dan membantu CDC meningkatkan peluang bagi mahasiswa dan alumni untuk menemukan pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan keterampilan dan minat mereka. Sistem ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk mengelola dan berbagi hasil e-portofolio mereka secara online atau mengunduhnya dalam format pdf.
İklim Değişikliği Bağlamında Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Belediyelerinde Kentsel Katı Atık Yönetimi
Authors: Kavut Selahattin , Çakır Sümer Gülizar
Published: June 2024

Çeşitli sektörlerin etkisiyle derinleşen iklim krizinde atık sektörü de önemli paya sahiptir. Bu nedenle diğer sektörlerde olduğu gibi atık sektörünün de bu mücadelede yer alması, krizden fırsat çıkarması gereklidir. Bu doğrultuda iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede azaltım politikalarının hedeflerinden birisi de atıklardan kaynaklanan sera gazı salımlarının önlenmesidir. Dolayısıyla belediyelerin görev ve sorumlulukları arasında yer alan katı atıkların etkin bir şekilde yönetimi aynı zamanda sera gazı salımlarının da azalmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Atıkların önlenmesi, yeniden kullanımı, geri dönüşümü ve atıktan enerji üretimi gibi politikalar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı nüfus ve atık miktarı Türkiye ortalamasının altında olan Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde atık yönetimine ilişkin mevcut durumun ve geri dönüşüm faaliyetlerinin incelenmesidir. Böylece modern katı atık yönetiminin dönüşüm ve enerji üretimi gibi faaliyetlerle iklim değişikliğinin etkisinin azaltılmasına katkı sağladığı ortaya konulmaktadır.
Azerbaycan fındık bahçesi topraklarının bazı verimlilik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Horuz Ayhan , Serdar Ümit , Aghayev Fagan , Akyüz Burak
Published: June 2024

Fındık üretiminde verim üzerine etki eden faktörlerden biri toprak özellikleridir. Stratejik bir bitki olan fındıkta yetiştiriciliğin sürdürülebilir olması için gübrelemenin toprak analiz sonuçlarına göre yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Azerbaycan’da yoğun olarak fındık tarımı yapılan Balakən, Zaqatal, Qax, Oğuz-Qəbələ ve Xaçmaz yörelerinde 0-30 cm toprak derinliğinden toplamda 37 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. Çalışmada toprakların bazı özellikleri ile besin element kapsamları değerlendirilerek aralarındaki ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Toprak analiz sonuçlarına göre bölge topraklarının büyük bir çoğunluğunun nötr reaksiyonda ve tuzsuz, organik maddece iyi, az kireçli, NO3-N, yarayışlı P, değişebilir K ve yarayışlı B kapsamları noksan, yarayışlı Zn kapsamı çok az - yeterli arasında olmakla birlikte fazla olan alanların bulunduğu, değişebilir Ca ve Mg kapsamı düşük-orta seviyede, yarayışlı Fe kapsamı yeterli olmakla birlikte bazı alanların noksan veya hidromorfik problemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. İncelenen örneklere göre toprakların %18.92’si hafif asit ve %62.16’nötr reaksiyonda, %100’ünün düşük EC değerine sahip ve tuzsuz olduğu, %70.28’i kireçsiz ve az kireçli olduğu, %81.08’i orta ve yüksek seviyede OM kapsadığı tespit edilmiştir. Toprakların NO3-N ve P bakımından %100’ü, K bakımından %75.68’i, Ca bakımından %48.65’i, Mg bakımından %51.36’sı, Zn bakımından %56.76’sı, Fe bakımından %21.62’si noksanlık riski seviyesinde ve B bakımından %83.79’u az ve yetersiz seviyelerinde bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan Fe kapsamı bakımından %10.81’i hidromorfik riskli, Ca bakımından %2.70, Mg bakımından %13.5 ve Zn bakımından %13.51’i fazla seviyede bulunmuştur. Toprakların bazı özellikleri ile besin element kapsamları arasında incelenen ilişkiler sonucunda pH, OM ve kireç miktarının artmasının toprakların P, K, Ca, Mg ve B kapsamlarında artışa, Fe ve Zn kapsamlarında ise kısmi bir azalmaya neden olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Azerbaycan’da fındık yetiştirilen bahçelerde N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn ve B içeren gübrelerin verilmesi tavsiye edilmiştir.
MENGUNGKAP FAKTOR KUNCI YANG MEMBENTUK KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN LAHAP CHICKEN
Authors: Jannah Zulfatul , Reza Yuniar  , Wiwit Fitria Asih  , Abdullah Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap tentang seberapa besar pengaruh dari kualitas pelayanan dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen di Lahap Chicken. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan tujuan mengungkap kausalitas antar variabel independen dengan variabel dependen. Sampel dalam riset berjumlah 195 orang konsumen Lahap Chicken, teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah probability sampling dengan jenis simple random sampling. Pengolahan data dalam riset ini menggunakan konsep statistik parametrik, hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial kualitas pelayanan maupun harga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen, dan secara simultan kualitas pelayanan dan harga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen.
            This research aims to uncover the extent of the influence of service quality and pricing on consumer purchasing decisions at Lahap Chicken. The study employs a quantitative method with the objective of revealing causality between independent variables and the dependent variable. The research sample consists of 195 Lahap Chicken consumers, selected using probability sampling, specifically simple random sampling. Data processing in this study utilizes parametric statistical concepts. The findings indicate that both service quality and pricing individually have a significant impact on consumer purchasing decisions. Moreover, when considered simultaneously, service quality and pricing also significantly influence consumer purchasing decisions.
DETERMINASI KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PENUMPANG KAPAL RORO
Authors: Nuruly Shaqina , Setyawati Aswanti , Dewi Nita Rosmala , Sakti Reza Fauzi Jaya , Susanto Primadi Candra
Published: June 2024

Tujuan utama dari artikel ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi loyalitas penumpang kapal RoRo, dengan fokus pada kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pelanggan. Melalui studi kasus yang cermat, artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan yang berharga bagi manajer perusahaan pelayaran dalam meningkatkan strategi layanan mereka dan memperkuat hubungan dengan pelanggan. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan tinjauan pustaka melibatkan analisis berbagai sumber teks yang ada untuk memahami dan mengintegrasikan pengetahuan yang diperoleh tentang masalah penelitian. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan peneliti untuk mengidentifikasi kecenderungan, perdebatan, hipotesis, temuan, dan kesenjangan pengetahuan yang terkait dengan topik penelitian menarik yang sudah ada dalam literatur. Studi ini menunjukkan dari hasil literatur yang mendukung dari dua hasil penelitian maka kualitas pelayanan yang dirasakan oleh penumpang kapal RoRo berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan. Hal ini menekankan pentingnya bagi perusahaan pelayaran RoRo untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan guna mempertahankan pangsa pasar dan loyalitas pelanggan. Selain itu, temuan ini mengonfirmasi hubungan positif antara kepuasan pelanggan dan loyalitas mereka terhadap perusahaan pelayaran.
THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND AWARENESS AND BRAND AMBASSADORS ON BUYING INTEREST WITH BRAND IMAGE AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE
Authors: Nabila Nurhuwaida  , Muhammad Sholahuddin
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of brand awareness and brand ambassadors on buying interest with brand image as an intervening variable. This research method is quantitative. The data source in this study uses primary data. This study uses a questionnaire data collection method. The population in this study were all Skintific Skincare users in Surakarta city. The sampling technique used was Nonprobability sample with purposive sampling method. The number of samples in this study were 150 respondents. The data analysis technique in this study uses Partial Least Square (PLS) using the help of SMARTPLS software. The results of this study are that Brand Awareness has a positive and significant effect on Brand Image. Brand Ambassador has a positive and significant effect on Brand Image. Brand Awareness has a positive and significant effect on buying interest. Brand Ambassador has a positive and significant effect on buying interest. Brand Image variable has a positive and significant effect on buying interest.
PENGARUH STRES, KEPUASAN KERJA DAN SELF-LEADERSHIP TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PT. BPR KHRISNA DARMA ADIPALA
Authors: Puspitawati Ni Made Dwi , Wati Ni Made Widya , Purnawati Ni Luh Gede Putu
Published: June 2024

Human resources continue to be the central focus and backbone for companies to maintain their operations. The vital role of human resources is apparent in all company activities. The study was carried out at PT BPR Khrisna Darma Adipala in Badung Regency, with a sample of 50 employees serving as respondents, employing a saturated sampling method for sampling. Data collection involved the use of questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis involved the application of multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25. The findings indicate that work-related stress detrimentally affects employee performance, suggesting that heightened stress levels correspond to diminished performance at PT BPR Khrisna Darma Adipala in Badung Regency. Conversely, job satisfaction positively influences employee performance, indicating that higher satisfaction levels correspond to better performance at PT BPR Khrisna Darma Adipala in Badung Regency. Moreover, self-leadership also yields a positive impact on employee performance, indicating that an increase in self-leadership is associated with improved performance at PT BPR Khrisna Darma Adipala in Badung Regency.
Major apoliprotein B-100 mutations in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis
Authors: Vrablík M , Češka R , Hořínek A
Published: June 2024

Apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 is a key protein compound of plasma lipid metabolism. This protein, as a sole component of LDL particles, to a great extent controls the homeostasis of LDL cholesterol in the plasma. Therefore, this protein and its structural variants play an important role in development of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Intensive research into the structure and biological functions of apoB-100 has led to identification of its complete structure as well as the responsible binding sites. With the development of the methods of molecular biology, some structural variants of the apoB-100 protein that directly affect its binding properties have been described. These are mutations leading to amino acid substitution at positions 3500 (R3500Q and R3500W) and 3531 (R3531C) that have been shown to decrease the binding affinity of apoB-100 in vitro. However, only the former mutations have been unequivocally demonstrated to cause hyperlipidemia in vivo. This minireview is aimed to discuss the impact of apoB-100 and its structural variants on plasma lipid metabolism and development of hyperlipidemia.
Interspike background activity in extracelullarly recorded Purkinje neurons: spectra analysis.
Authors: Šaponjić J , Culić M , Janković B , Jovanović A
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the spectral characteristics of Purkinje cell interspike background activity caused by the occurrence of particular action potentials or by electrically induced enhancement of cerebellar inhibitory and excitatory input drive. Spontaneously active Purkinje neurons were extracellularly recorded in anesthetized rats before and after cessation of stimulation from the inferior olive (IO) or locus coeruleus (LC). After A/D conversion (30 kHz), direct spectral analysis of extracted interspike background activity was done. Our results have shown that, in contrast to simple spikes, the occurrence of complex spikes induces changes in the spectra of interspike background activity. The different spectral changes of interspike background activity induced by LC and IO stimulation also indicated the importance of this extracellularly recorded phenomenon.
Ontogenetic profile of ecto-ATPase activity in rat hippocampal and caudate nucleus synaptic plasma membrane fractions
Authors: Banjac A , Nedeljković N , Horvat A , Kanazir D , Nizekić G
Published: June 2024

An ontogenetic study of ecto-ATPase activity and the content of enzyme proteins was assessed in the caudate nucleus and hippocampal synaptic plasma membranes isolated from rats at various ages (15, 30, 90, 180 and 365 days). The ontogenetic profile revealed that the enzyme activities in both brain areas were the highest on day 30 and 365, while the ecto-ATPase protein abundance was the highest on day 15 after birth. Possible explanation for obtained ontogenetic profile and the discrepancy between activity and abundance may reside in the fact that ecto-ATPase during development could exert additional roles other than those related to metabolism of ATP. It is likely that ecto-ATPase, regulating the concentration of ATP and adenosine in synaptic cleft, has important role in the processes of brain development and aging.
Estimation of apparent L-amino acid diffusion in porcine jejunal enterocyte brush border membrane vesicles
Authors: Fan MZ , Adeola O , Asem EK
Published: June 2024

There is an overlap of carrier-mediated L-amino acid transport and apparent simple diffusion when measured in intestinal brush border membrane vesicles. Using L-threonine and L-glutamine as representative amino acids, this study was undertaken to estimate apparent simple diffusion of L-amino acids and to establish the effective dosage of HgCl2 for completely blocking carrier-mediated L-amino acid transport in porcine jejunal enterocyte brush border membrane vesicles. Jejunal mucosa was scraped from three pigs weighing 26 kg. Enterocyte brush border membrane vesicles, with an average enrichment of 24-fold in sucrase specific activity, were prepared by Mg2+-precipitation and differential centrifugation. In vitro uptake was measured by the fast filtration manual procedure. HgCl2 blocked the carrier-mediated initial transport of L-threonine and L-glutamine under Na+-gradient condition in a dose-dependent manner. At the minimal concentration of 0.165 mmol HgCl2 mg-1 protein, carrier-mediated L-threonine and L-glutamine transport was completely inhibited. The apparent L-threonine and L-glutamine diffusion was estimated to be 8.6±0.7 and 12.4±1.0 % of the total uptake at the substrate concentrations of 5 mM (L-threonine) and 50 mM (L-glutamine). Therefore, the treatment of porcine brush border membrane vesicles with a minimum of 0.165 mmol HgCl2 mg-1 protein completely blocks carrier-mediated L-amino acid transport and enables the direct estimation of apparent L-amino acid diffusion in enterocyte brush border membrane vesicles.
Teaching at Morley College
Authors: Daugherty Beth Rigel
Published: June 2024

This chapter describes Morley College’s origins in 1885 and its history, founders, location, and mission: to provide evening classes in subjects not directly related to trades or business to working men and women, to assist those needing elementary instruction, and to promote collegiality through social organizations. It offered humanistic courses, though no course of study or degrees, to adults in the Lambeth/Southwark area of London, ninety percent of whom were working-class, with half of that population under the poverty line. This chapter also discusses the occupationally diverse Morley students, who ranged from servants to artists, nurses to porters, milliners to journalists, teachers to engineers, and ranged from the labouring working class through the lower middle class. Two large Morley occupational groups, shop girls and clerks, and details of their working conditions, obstacles, aspirations, and depictions, provide insight into Morley, Virginia Stephen’s challenges, and students. Those students, without access to libraries and taught under the rigid Revised Code of 1862, needed more than knowledge. They needed context, the ability to acquire it, and skill in connecting new learning to that context. Virginia Stephen had to learn about the gap between her students’ educational background and hers and how to decrease it.
Outcomes: Teaching at Morley College
Authors: Daugherty Beth Rigel
Published: June 2024

This chapter analyses two effects of Virginia Stephen’s Morley College teaching on Virginia Woolf’s essays: tangibly, a rejection of lectures as an effective pedagogy and intangibly, a realisation that class obstacles harm students and require offsetting teaching and writing strategies, including the creation of the common reader. Although Virginia Stephen does not criticize the lecture format as a girl and writes at least two for her culture series (see Appendix 4), which this chapter discusses, she questions its efficacy when she uses it at Morley. Virginia Woolf would condemn the practice in Three Guineas and various other essays and resist its dismaying tendencies in her own six lectures. To redress her working students’ lack of access, Virginia Stephen developed a welcoming pedagogy at Morley that Virginia Woolf would use in her essays: provide historical context, employ varied entry points into knowledge, highlight vivid details from writers’ lives, encourage conversation, and identify with readers. Exhibiting insider/outsider contradictions, Virginia Stephen and Woolf yet learn and employ strategies for opening literature to more and varied readers. What Morley College taught Virginia Stephen about reaching an audience permeates the essays written by Virginia Woolf.
The All-Comprehensive Nature of the Sharīʿa : From Tirmidhī to Suyūṭī
Authors: Dajani Samer
Published: June 2024

This chapter begins a new section (Part 2) of the book focused on how the mystics and Sufis studied here conceived of the Sharia as having an in-built flexibility in order to accommodate people’s circumstances in all places and at all times. In other words, this chapter looks at the ideas and theories these Sufis developed to explain their pluralistic understanding of the differences of opinion among Muslims, rooted in the mercy of the Sharia. The chapter begins by looking at the concept of the Sharia containing ‘leeway’ to accommodate different permissible actions, and how this concept was put forth in the earliest centuries of Islam. The chapter then shows how this idea began to disappear among the followers of the dominant schools of law, but was preserved among the Traditionist-Jurisprudents. The chapter then traces how this idea of leeway and flexibility was then expanded and given a theoretical and sometimes mystical explanation by Tirmidhī, Ibn ʿArabī, Taqī al-Dīn al-Subkī, and al-Suyūṭī. It shows how they explained differences of opinion arising either from seemingly contradictory revealed texts, or from different interpretations of the same texts.
The Teachings and Influence of Aḥmad ibn Idrīs
Authors: Dajani Samer
Published: June 2024

This chapter looks closely at the teachings of Ibn Idrīs with regards to jurisprudence and how he developed his ideas from Ibn ʿArabī and where he added his own important contributions. It looks at Ibn Idrīs’s call for the revival of Ijtihād and the rejection of Taqlīd, as well as his emphasis on divine mercy. Ibn Idrīs taught that the sharia not only reflected God’s justice but also His grace. The chapter then looks at the Idrīsī tradition after Ibn Idrīs and those works and figures influenced by it, including Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Sanūsī and his Sanūsī movement, al-Majdhūb, al-Mirghanī, and Ibrāhīm Niass who was influenced by Sanūsī’s works. The chapter concludes by looking at Ṣāliḥ al-Jaʿfarī, the Idrīsī imam of the Azhar Mosque for several decades in the 20th century, and his struggle to reconcile the teachings of his Sufi guide Ibn Idrīs who rejected Taqlīd, with those of his institution, the Azhar University, which promoted Taqlīd.
Critical Censure and The Brown Bunny
Authors: Sacco Daniel
Published: June 2024

This chapter suggests that the ideological climate of a “post-censorship” media landscape necessitates the formation of a conceptual link between film classifiers and mainstream commercial film critics, who are likewise engaged in processes of labelling that steer audiences toward some films and away from others. While critics lack the power to explicitly censor, they frequently engage in displays of censure, by way of public performances of personal taste that disapprove of certain narrative and aesthetic strategies. Along with classification examiners, the subjective opinions of film critics can provide a key stage in the social processes by which certain kinds of filmed content are designated as problematic. As a particularly dramatic example, this chapter examines the tumultuous Cannes premiere of Vincent Gallo’s The Brown Bunny (2003), and the subsequent ad hominem lambasting of the film by mainstream critics.
TRADITIONAL FAMILY VALUES: MORAL BASIS OF THE STATE
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, LETOVA N.V.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the study. The article defines the fundamental importance of traditional family values for the development of the Russian state, the formation of the spiritual and moral foundations of society, and the preservation of the historical identity of our people. The author substantiates the conclusion about the system-forming importance of family values for each person, presents the novelties of the legislation that ensure their safety and protection. The article defines the fundamental importance of family, marriage, the birth and upbringing of children for each person, the value of which is irrefutable for society and the state. The author proved that only the systemic protection of family values by all public authorities will make it possible to counter the threats aimed at their destruction, thereby ensuring the national security of the state and preserving family values, ensuring their continuity for future generations.
IMPACT OF RUSSIA’S ELITES ON THE 2024 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
Authors:   Omsk Humanitarian Academy, Omsk, Russian Federation, VOLOKH O.V. , ALEKHIN V.S.
Published: June 2024

This article examines the issue of the relationship between the elites of Russia, as well as their possible influence on the course of the election campaign for the election of the President of the Russian Federation. The work analyzes the varying degrees of influence on the formation of approaches in the process of transformation of the Russian political system. The purpose of preparing a scientific article is to study the problems of the influence of significant elite groups on pre-election scenarios, with an assessment of the position of competing political structures during the federal election campaign. In addition, there is speculation about possible steps they will take to acquire more influential positions in the next six months, when preliminary nominations of candidates take place and the prospects for election “battles” are outlined. The conclusions underlying this work make it possible to determine the current state of the elites in their competition in the field of political influence on candidates in the presidential “race”.
RUSSIA’S “SOFT POWER” IN KAZAKHSTAN: CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, ALESHCHENKO P.S. , KERIMOV A.A.
Published: June 2024

Despite the ongoing geopolitical changes in the modern world, the policy of using “soft power” remains the focus of attention of researchers. The article analyzes the role of Russian “soft power” in Kazakhstan. The author focuses on the cultural and economic aspects of the problem. The key criterion for the success of “soft power” is its attractiveness. Based on this quality, the author analyzes such “soft power” resources as education, the spread of the Russian language, touches on historical memory and emphasizes the importance of economic resources. The article also examines the interest in the region, in particular in Kazakhstan, from foreign countries that are increasing their stay here using the mechanisms of “soft power”.
CHINA’S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University (SPbSU), Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, YU M.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the research. The article examines the current state of public diplomacy research in China. The subject, object, method and purpose of public diplomacy are analyzed. As a resource of national soft power, culture is an important means of implementing public diplomacy. In the article, we analyze the specific Chinese practice of implementing public diplomacy from the point of view of cultural public diplomacy. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that the status of public diplomacy in Chinese national diplomacy has increased rapidly. First, with regard to the current state of research, in recent years, the research of Chinese scientists in the field of public diplomacy has focused more on applied research than on theoretical ones, such as the role of public diplomacy in shaping the country’s image and strengthening its soft power. Secondly, with regard to the definition of public diplomacy, Chinese scientists hold different views on the subject, object and method of public diplomacy, but on the purpose of public diplomacy, Chinese scientists believe that public diplomacy, like other types of traditional diplomacy, is aimed at protecting and strengthening national interests. Thirdly, humanitarian exchanges have always been an important part of Xi Jinping’s socialist diplomatic thought with Chinese specifics in the new era and an important pillar of Chinese diplomacy. China has enriched Chinese public diplomacy with the opening of Confucius institutes, exchanges, large-scale cultural events and large-scale sports events, promoted the popularization of Chinese culture, strengthened mutual understanding and cooperation with the peoples of other countries and achieved good results.
THALASSOCRATIC TENDENCIES AND THEIR POSSIBLE INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF IDENTITY AMONG RESIDENTS OF THE FAR EASTERN CITIES OF POST-SOVIET RUSSIA
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, KUZMINA O.V. , BULAKH E.V. , VASILYEVA T.A. , MANAPOV S.S.
Published: June 2024

The article is the result of an analysis of factors in the formation of collective identity at points of economic growth. Thalassocratic tendencies that determine the identity of residents of port cities are of particular interest for socio-political research. The Russian Federation has access to sea communications from the north, south, west and east. An assessment of thalassocratic trends in the USA, Canada, Germany and Turkey allows us to assume that the unified identity that emerged during the Soviet period will not retain its integrity. The political activity of the population in the port cities of the Russian Far East will take on different characteristics than in the cities of the continental part. The work used: a comparative method necessary to identify qualitative differences between local and regional thalassocratic and tellurocratic identities. Particular attention is paid to aspects that determine the presence, possible manifestation and dynamics of the formation of signs of thalassocratic identity in the south of the Russian Far East.
VALUE POLICY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: EXPERIENCE OF POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, ZUBOV V.V.
Published: June 2024

In the proposed publication, the author, using philosophical reflection, the dialectical method, the discursive approach, the formal legal method, political and legal comparative studies, analytical and descriptive techniques, comprehends the doctrinal and factual relationship of the value-oriented course with human rights within the framework of the current state of Russian domestic political systems. The political and legal structure of human rights in the Russian political field is outlined, the philosophical foundations underlying the doctrine of human rights are revealed, the limits and possibilities of spiritual reception of the idea of human rights in a non-European society are determined, the metaphysical and axiological basis of value-oriented Russian politics as a consistent implementation of the metaphilosophical idea of patriotism is revealed, an intellectual synthesis of the doctrine of human rights with value narratives is carried out. A clear connection between the institution of human rights and the directions of political thought and political practices that defend or pursue the idea of gradually reducing state interference in the private lives of individuals and the functioning of social entities within civil society is affirmed. It is suggested that the further development of a value-oriented course in the Russian Federation will inevitably raise the question of replacing the bourgeois-individualistic approach to the institution of human rights with a moral approach, where freedoms and warrants are orchestrated by the spiritual carcass of Russian civilization. The necessity of revising the approaches used in political and legal theory to defining leading state powers by replacing them with a definition of the state through the perspective of sovereign power, which can deviate from normally operating formulas of law in extraordinary situations, is substantiated. In conclusion, an inference is drawn that value policy sets the moral focus of interpretation, comprehension and approaches to the implementation of constitutionally enshrined rights and freedoms of man and citizen, and acts as a kind of explication of existing normative legal institutions of a general order.
TERRITORIAL PUBLIC SELF-GOVERNMENT: REGIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, BULAKH E.V.
Published: June 2024

Theoretical concepts that make it possible to describe certain models of local self-government focus on the community as the main subject of local processes. Russian legislation provides for the legal fixation of the community in the form of territorial public self-government. The article is a review and comparative analysis of the practice of local self-government carried out by the population in the form of territorial public self-government. An assessment of social performance allows us to make the assumption that territorial restrictions on the implementation of self-government entail a decrease in the initiative activity of residents. Restrictions are a consequence of the refusal by municipal authorities to perceive territorial public self-government as an equal participant in local self-government.
NEURAL NETWORKS IN THE TASK OF GENRE CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, BELENKIY N.V. , GRINEVA M.A.
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the application of neural networks in the task of classifying audio signals into ten different genres. The peculiarities of processing audio signals in the digital environment are examined, along with the relationship between Fourier transformation and spectrograms, and the characteristics of audio signals. Neural network training was conducted using the GTZAN dataset, which contains 1000 compositions. Four comparable datasets were formed based on this dataset, and the performance of three neural network architectures - convolutional, recurrent, and multilayer perceptron - was evaluated on each of them. The practical significance of this work lies in the possibility of forming musical recommendations and organizing music. The goal of the study is to develop a classifier that could accurately determine the probability of a composition belonging to one of the ten genres.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ECONOMIC INFORMATION
Authors:   MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russian Federation, SHAMIN R.V. , GROSHEVA P.YU. , GOLOVANOV S.O.
Published: June 2024

This article shows that economic information can be formally described using an information field, which is a topological space with an introduced system of subsets that is closed with respect to the union operation. This system of subsets consists of information quanta - sets of information that can be used by a subject when making economic decisions. On this information field, a set function is introduced, defined on information quanta, which has the meaning of the economic value of the information quanta when the subject solves an economic problem. Many economic problems can be described by optimization problems, when a subject need to make a certain choice from a set of feasible solutions, and by game-theoretic models, when it is necessary to choose the best strategy in the face of opposition from other subjects. For these models, it is shown how a function can be constructed to evaluate the economic usefulness of information quanta.
THE CONCEPT OF FOOD MANAGEMENT USING RFID TECHNOLOGY: MINIMIZING LOSSES AND INCREASING CONSUMER AWARENESS
Authors:   Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Moscow, Russian Federation, MEDVEDEV A.V. , MEDVEDEV A.A. , SHUCHKOV M.D.
Published: June 2024

The study suggests the use of RFID technology to effectively manage food consumption, as well as reduce the volume of unused products. The system includes special readers for automatic receipt and transmission of information about products. Users can monitor the expiration date and receive information through the web application, which also sends notifications about the approaching expiration date, contributing to a more rational use of products.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL TAX AMONG COLLECTIVE FARMERS OF THE URALS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1930S
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk state technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, FILATOV V.V.
Published: June 2024

The relevance of the study of agricultural taxation of the collective farm peasantry is due to the fact that at present there are still not enough scientific publications on this problem, which is important for historical, economic and legal sciences. It is necessary not only to analyze the legislation on agricultural tax, but also to reveal the nuances of its practical implementation among collective farmers. Experience of taxation in the 1930s. in such a large region as the Greater Urals will be of interest to scientists engaged in similar research in other areas of the country. The object of study is the Ural collective farmers, and partly, before the introduction of income tax in 1936, collective farms, and the subject is the legislation on agricultural tax and its impact on the real economic opportunities of collective farm households to ensure the normal existence of the family. The time frame of the study is determined by the second half of the 1930s, when collectivization was completed and most of the taxation fell on the collective farm peasantry. The purpose of the article is to use new sources and approaches to systematize the available material and identify the peculiarities of taxation of collective farmers in the Urals. The work used general scientific methods, as well as comparative, historical-genetic, statistical and others. The study showed that during the period of economic modernization, with the help of the agricultural tax, issues of strengthening the state budget were resolved, part of which was directed to the needs of the village. For collective farmers, in the conditions of constant growth not only in agricultural taxes, other payments and in-kind duties, they had to experience difficulties in the family budget. The restrictions of the Charter of the agricultural artel did not allow the personal farmstead to develop to its full potential. Attempts by collective farmers to devote more time to their farming and to expand crops were resolutely suppressed, especially in the late 1930s. Not all collective farmers could withstand the hardships of collective farm life with a low assessment of their work and high duties, so some of them left the collective farm, joining the number of individual farmers, state farm workers, and city workers.
Spanish language teaching, functional diversity, and inclusion. A systematic review
Authors: Mhanna Eman , Mhanna Malak
Published: June 2024

Concepts such as inclusion or functional diversity have emerged in a notable way in the various research studies approached from the perspective of compulsory education or other more canonical types of education, such as university education, for example. However, these approaches do not seem to acquire the same relevance in the specific field of foreign language teaching.
In this way, we propose to find out the state of the art regarding the attention to functional diversity in the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. To this end, we propose to carry out a systematic review of the main scientific databases, a task which we will undertake based on the guidelines of the PRISMA 2020 Declaration. One of the main difficulties of this study, even contemplated prior to carrying out the various consultations, is the probability of overlap between this object of study and other related ones, such as those related to childhood developmental problems or difficulties arising from bilingualism.