bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction of Systemic Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) Against Damping-off Disease by Using a Mixture of Mycorrhizae
Authors:   General Authority of Biotechnology, Department of Biodiversity, Damascus, Syria, Khrieba Mohamad Imad , Azmeh Mohamed Fawaz ,   General Authority of Biotechnology, Department of Biodiversity, Damascus, Syria, Chouman Wafaa ,   Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria, Ghazal Ibtissam ,   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria, Karra Ali Ahmad ,   Department of Marine Chemistry, Higher Education Institute, Tishreen University, Lattikia, Syria
Published: March 2021

Khrieba, M.I., M.F. Azmeh, W. Chouman, I. Ghazal, and A.K. Ali. 2021. Induction of Systemic Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) Against Damping-off Disease by Using a Mixture of Mycorrhizae. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 61-68. The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in improving the activity of the enzyme peroxidase and its role in controlling tomato damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in a pot experiment during the 2013 growing season. Five treatments were compared with a non-treated control (C): in treatment 1, soil was infested only with Pythium (Py), in treatment 2, soil was infested with mycorrhiza only (My), in treatment 3 soil was infested with Pythium and mycorrhiza at sowing (My+Py), in treatment 4, soil was infested with Pythium and two weeks after sowing with Mycorrhiza (Py-My) and in treatment 5, soil was infested with mycorrhiza and two weeks after sowing with Pythium (My-Py). The results showed that peroxidase concentration in plant tissues 14 days after seed germination in the My treatment (361.91 μmole/mg) significantly exceeded the other treatments. In the treatment where mycorrhiza was added before the pathogen 67 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 39, No. 1 (2021) peroxidase activity reached 183.73 μmole/mg, which was 41% significantly higher than the My+Py treatment in which the pathogen and mycorrhizal inoculant were added together at sowing (108.27 μmole/mg). The peroxidase concentration increased significantly 28 days after seed germination in the My treatment (687.52 μmole/mg) as compared with the Py treatment (10.52 μmole/mg). Results also showed that in the treatment My-Py, where the mycorrhyzal inoculum was added before the pathogen, peroxidase activity (458.27 μmole/mg) was significantly higher than in the treatment Py+My, when the pathogen was added simultaneously with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum (98.67 μmole/mg). Furthermore, results showed that 35 days after seed germination, the enzyme concentration was significantly higher in the My-Py treatment (763.39 μmole/mg) as compared with My+Py treatment (143.5 μmole/mg). Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, VAM, Pythium ultimum, peroxidase, tomato, Syrian coast, induced resistance.
Strategic analysis for Poland as a European hub for Belt and Road Initiative
Authors:   Department of Transport Faculty of Economy, Hanusik Andrzej ,   University of Economics in Katowice, Katowice, Poland, Woźnica Anna ,   Department of Transport Faculty of Economy; University of Economics in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
Published: March 2021

Aim/purpose – This paper aims at determining the role of Poland in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and identifying an alternative course of the trail. However, there are still many variables that can significantly affect the extent of Poland’s participation in BRI. Design/methodology/approach – The paper was based on a literature query and inter- views with six experts of the Polish logistics environment closely connected to the con- cept of the New Silk Road. The interviews and the literature analysis allowed of the authors to define potential scenarios for the course of the New Silk Road. In addition, the SWOT analysis was used to identify the Poland’s role in BRI. Findings – The most important factors that can significantly contribute to Poland’s par- ticipation in BRI are a very convenient geographical location and a strong logistics sec- tor, whereas the main negative factors are the ambivalent attitude of the Polish author i- ties towards the Chinese party and the underdeveloped modern railway infrastructure. The study identified some potential scenarios for the route of the New Silk Road, i.e., Poland as a European hub, transit only, southern road and northern road (ro-ro neigh- bors). The first scenario is the most favorable for Poland – Poland as a European hub. This is due to the current course of the New Silk Road and the location of Poland on the most economically effective transport corridor. Research implications/limitations – The research findings allow for a relatively precise definition of possible scenarios of the BRI Northern Corridor through areas directly related to Poland. The results may contribute to raising knowledge and awareness about BRI, which may provide insights into an academic and social debate on this topic. The upshot is that the results may entail actual activities contributing to increasing the chances of Poland for being a European hub gate for BRI. Originality/value/contribution – Previous publications explored various route alterna- tives of the entire New Silk Road, whereas there was no analysis of the last stage of the transport corridor on which Poland lies. The paper is a response to this research gap. Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative, New Silk Road, Northern Corridor, logistics, inter- national trade. JEL Classification: E27, E61, F15.
PENDEKATAN KOMUNIKASI PADA PENGGABUNGAN KELURAHAN DI KOTA PAYAKUMBUH
Authors: Syafrianto I.  , Arif Ernita , Azwar
Published: March 2021

Kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Payakumbuh tentang penggabungan kelurahan tidak hanya menyangkut urusan administrasi pemerintahan saja tetapi juga berdampak pada kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat, untuk itu perlu pendekatan komunikasi yang efektif antara Pemerintah Kota Payakumbuh dengan pemangku kepentingan di kelurahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Payakumbuh dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Objek penelitian ini adalah Pemerintah Kota Payakumbuh. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pendekatan komunikasi pada penggabungan kelurahan di Kota Payakumbuh dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Payakumbuh melalui pendekatan homofili yaitu atas dasar kesamaan nagari dan adat istiadat dan pendekatan empati yaitu dengan melibatkan Ketua Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) dan masyarakat dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Menurut paradigma Lasswell dalam komunikasi penggabungan kelurahan di Kota Payakumbuh yaitu Pemerintah Kota Payakumbuh sebagai komunikator atau sumber pesan. Pesan adalah penggabungan kelurahan. Media yang digunakan adalah media cetak dan kegiatan tatap muka melalui rapat-rapat sosialisasi. Komunikan adalah masyarakat dan pemangku kepentingan di kelurahan. Sedangkan efek yang diharapkan adalah masyarakat dan pemangku kepentingan di kelurahan bersedia menerima penggabungan kelurahan.
Plotting receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall curves from presence and background data
Authors: Li Wenkai , Guo Qinghua
Published: March 2021

1. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and precision-recall (PR)
plots have been widely used to evaluate the performances of species
distribution models. Plotting ROC/PR curves requires a traditional test
set with both presence and absence data (namely PA approach), but
species absence data are usually not available in reality. Plotting
ROC/PR curves from presence-only data while treating background data as
pseudo absence data (namely PO approach) may provide misleading results.
2. In this study we propose a new approach to calibrate the ROC/PR
curves from presence and background data with user-provided information
on a constant c, namely PB approach. An estimate of c can also be
derived from the PB-based ROC/PR plots given that a model with good
ability of discrimination is available. We used three virtual species
and a real aerial photography to test the effectiveness of the proposed
PB-based ROC/PR plots. Different models (or classifiers) were trained
from presence and background data with various samples sizes. The ROC/PR
curves plotted by PA approach were used to benchmark the curves plotted
by PO and PB approaches. 3. Experimental results show that the curves
and areas under curves by PB approach are more similar to that by PA
approach as compared with PO approach. The PB-based ROC/PR plots also
provide highly accurate estimations of c in our experiment. 4. We
conclude that the proposed PB-based ROC/PR plots can provide valuable
complements to existing model assessment methods, and they also provide
an additional way to estimate the constant c (or species prevalence)
from presence and background data.
It is time to individualize anti-CD20 therapies in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Avasarala Jagannadha
Published: March 2021

Anti-CD20 therapies in multiple sclerosis (MS) have become central to
management of the disease since their FDA approval in 2017. As their
role in MS management continues to grow, it is also increasingly
important to know how such drugs can be better administered using
current knowledge of how B cells repopulate after their depletion. To
this end, individualizing therapy needs to be prioritized since a
timed-dosing interval is perhaps not required based on evidence and it
certainly unwelcome from a financial perspective.
Yaban Domuz (Varaha) Mitinin Hint Mitolojisi'ndeki Yeri ve Varaha Purana'nın Öz
Authors: Kayalı Yalçın
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada kadim Hint Mitolojisinin, Epik Dönem kaynaklarından birisi olarak anılan ve Purana külliyatının Varaha Purana adlı eserine adını veren Varaha (Domuz) mitinin özellikleri aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Varaha, Hindu Tanrısı Vish?u’nun bir bedenlenmesi (avatara) olarak bilinmektedir. Mitsel gelenekte “Domuz” olarak bilinen bu Hindu mitinin adını taşıyan Varaha Purana’nın, günümüze ulaşan versiyonu, bağımsız dört farklı bölümden meydana gelmektedir. Naradiya Pura?a’ya göre ise Varaha Purana aslında Purva ve Uttara olmak üzere iki kitaptan (bhaga) oluşmaktadır. Uttara-bhaga adlandırılan bölümü ise günümüze ulaşmamıştır. Edebiyat tarihçileri, Purana koleksiyonunu oluşturan diğer metinlerle karşılaştırıldığında Varaha Purana’nın nispeten geç dönem eseri olduğu görüşünü paylaşır. Hindu inanırları için Varaha Purana daha ziyade bir kılavuz; genellikle de Vish?u-tapınırları geleneğine ait olarak nitelendirilen bir kutsal kitaptır. Hindistan’ın özellikle de Doğu Malva’daki bazı teriyomorfik (hayvan formunda olan) tarikatlarının, domuz şeklindeki bu tanrıya tapındıkları bilinmektedir. Yaklaşık dördüncü yüzyılda ilgili domuz kültü, Vishnu inancındaki Varaha bedenlenmesiyle (avatara) ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmayla Hint-Avrupa kültüründe önemli bir yer tutan yaban domuzu mitinin, uygarlık tarihindeki kültürel yansımalarının Varaha geleneği üzerinden Hint Mitolojisindeki yeri aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Sosyal Sermaye Teorisi ve Sanal Akrabalık Bağları Kapsamında Sivas'ta Kirvelik
Authors: Tunç Emrah
Published: March 2021

Sosyal bilimler literatüründe genel olarak insan ilişkilerine gömülü olan kaynak ve potansiyellere gönderme yapacak şekilde kullanılan ve zamanla sosyal teori içerisinde kendisine ait müstakil bir fraksiyon oluşturan “sosyal sermaye” kavramının; normatif bir karaktere sahip olan Marksist toplumsal teorinin yapısal boşluklarını doldurmaya ve insanî ilişkileri merkeze alarak toplumsal pratiğin mahiyetini “sosyal ağlar” üzerinden açıklamaya çalıştığı görülür. Bu açıdan “akrabalığın sembolik rolleri üzerine kurulan” ve bireyler arasında dostluk ilişkilerini kurumsal bir örüntüye çeviren “kan kardeşliği” yahut “kirvelik” gibi sanal akrabalık bağlarının, doğrudan sosyal sermaye teorisiyle ilişkilendiği ve içerdikleri kaynaklar yahut diğer sermayelere dönüşüm potansiyelleriyle, teori açısından oldukça önemli bir çalışma alanı olarak belirdikleri anlaşılır. Bu nedenle bu makalede, asli olarak Türkiye’nin doğu ve güneydoğu illerinde görülen ve dostluk ilişkilerini kurumsal bir zemine çekerek insanları sıkı sıkıya birbirlerine bağlayan kirvelik kurumunun Sivas kent merkezindeki durumu; sosyal sermaye teorisi üzerinden ele alınmış ve 2012 yılında yapılan saha araştırmasından hareketle söz konusu geleneğin yöre insanı açısından üstlendiği işlevler detaylı bir biçimde tahlil edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Synthesis and biological profiling of novel isocoumarin derivatives and related compounds
Authors: Simic Milena , Eric Slavica , Boric Ivan , Lubelska Annamaria , Latacz Gniewomir , Kiec-Kononowicz Katarzyna , Vojnovic Sandra , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Savic Vladimir
Published: March 2021

In the continuation of our study of substituted isocoumarins a series of novel 3-azolyl isocoumarin and their thio derivatives, including some related lactone compounds was prepared and biologically profiled against C. albicans showing moderate activity with MIC values in range of 4?60 ?g mL-1, in general. The additional characterisation of selected compounds was carried out by exploring their activity on CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 enzymes, while experiments on mutagenicity were performed by AMES test. The representative isocoumarins 3b, 4a and 4b showed lower inhibitory activity on CYP enzymes, when compared to the reference inhibitors, ketoconazole and quinidine. Compound 4a showed a higher mutagenic potential than the other two compounds. Further characterization included cytotoxicity profiling against normal MRC5 cells.
The ULT-HSS hybrid iteration method for symmetric saddle point problems
Authors: Lu Jun-Feng
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a hybrid iteration method for solving symmetric saddle point problem arising in CFD. It is an implicit alternative direction iteration method and named as the ULT-HSS (upper and lower triangular, Hermitian and skew- Hermitian splitting) method. The convergence analysis is provided, and the necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the convergence of the method. Some practical approaches are formulated for setting the optimal parameter of the method. Numerical experiments are given to show its efficiency.
Organized Labor and Inventory Stockpiling
Authors: Hamm Sophia J. W. , Jung Boochun , Lee Woo-Jong , Yang Daniel G.
Published: March 2021

We document that managers stockpile excess inventory to mitigate the operational risk posed by labor unions and to maintain bargaining power in labor negotiations. Inventory levels are higher for union firms and are incrementally higher preceding the renegotiation of collective bargaining agreements with unions. Inventory stockpiling at union firms is more salient when capital market pressure for transparency or information spillover from peers constrains managers from using disclosure strategies. We further show that managers weigh the costs and benefits of inventory stockpiling, as holding excess inventory due to the presence of a union is negatively associated with future profitability, but provides the benefits of avoiding a stockout and mitigating negative outcomes from a strike. Our findings highlight the importance of a major stakeholder, i.e., labor, in managers' investment decision making.

Data Availability: All data are available from the public/private sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: G31; J52; J53.
Impact of Diabetes on Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Medical Conditions
Authors: Dulipsingh Latha , Bakeri Hirva , Wakefield Dorothy , Shanaman Brett , Cook Lisa
Published: March 2021

AIM

To measure cost and length of stay in patients with and without a diagnosis of diabetes admitted with cardiovascular, pulmonary, or cerebrovascular disease.

METHODS

Retrospective study used International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify patients with diabetes, cardiovascular, pulmonary, or cerebrovascular disease. The All Patients Refined Diagnosis Related Groups, which classify patients according to admission diagnosis, severity of illness, and risk of mortality, was used to determine actual (discharge) diagnoses. Total admission cost and length of stay were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

RESULTS

Study reviewed 48,572 subjects who met inclusion criteria. When compared with patients without diabetes of similar age, sex, race, risk of mortality, and severity of illness and controlling for length of stay, individuals with diabetes had similar total admission costs. Lengths of stay were similar for individuals with and without diabetes admitted with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease or respiratory infection. However, patients with a primary diagnosis of congestive heart failure and a secondary diagnosis of diabetes incurred longer lengths of stay.

CONCLUSION

Individuals with diabetes and congestive heart failure have longer lengths of stay than those without diabetes. To decrease the economic burden of diabetes and chronic conditions, primary care providers and hospitals need to implement guidelines regarding the management of care for individuals with two or more chronic conditions.
JARINGAN SOSIAL DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERILAKU SISWA MEROKOK
Authors: Ashri Nawaar Faizatun , Nurhadi Nurhadi , Nurcahyono Okta Hadi
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research was to know the social networks of smoking behavior of active smoker students, especially in high school of Surakarta. This study aimed to describe agents that contribute to form this behavior through social ties based on Marwell theory of Social Networks. The methods that used in this study was descriptive qualitative with ethnography approach. The data was collected through interview using WhatsApp application. The data was analyzed with theory of Social Network from Marwell and compared to related researches. Informants in this study were ten high school students in Surakarta who active in smoking behavior. The results of this study indicated that its habit started from curiosity and imitation of others into an action that receive “support” from people around. It could be concluded that student's decision of smoking was determined by their relationship with the social milieu which was also an active smoker, such as family and peer groups.
救援與責任: 學會在限制中生活
Authors: MORREIM Haavi
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese醫療保健權利的普遍化仍然是個夢想，尚未成為現實。部分原因在於求援規則（rule of rescue），促使我們救援身處困境的人，因而令我們忽視保健政策的限制，只要政策很可能損及特定的個人。由於救援規則動搖了我們對保健權利的限制，因而可能防礙了我們對成本之控制。但成本控制卻又是擴大保健取得之關鍵。因此，我們至今的做法，不是接受無限制的保健支出，而是拒絕將保健權利普遍化。這種情形日益惡化，因為病人和醫生得到保護，不受到保健成本在經濟上的影響，甚至都認為保健乃是免費的、是一項無限制的權利。為了扭轉這種花大錢的權利心態，並對求援有合理的限制，成們必須讓病人體會到其保健決策的某些後果，從而為其保健成本承擔更大的責任。有好些方法可以用來達成這項目標，而無須對所需要的保健設下經濟的障礙，或對病患形同懲罰。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 13 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
關於放棄臨床無效治療的倫理學思考
Authors: GUO Yongsong
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.對於沒有臨床救治希望的病人，要不要繼續治療？誰有最終的決定權？這既是臨床醫療問題，又是一個涉及社會倫理法規的問題。對於這樣的病人，不放棄治療可能意味著要消耗更多的醫療資源但又無法挽救病人，但是如果放棄治療，可能會遇到更多的來自社會傳統的、倫理法規的問題。筆者認為，在社會多元化發展的今天，面對臨床無效治療，應在尊重病人或病人家屬有最終決定權的前提下，以一定道德、法規為依據，按照一定的醫療程式和法律手續進行處理，可能是更為符合人道和社會公眾利益的理性選擇。There has not been a clear medical definition of futility. The concept of futile treatment involves not only medical, but also social, ethical, and legal components. This paper argues that in today's pluralistic moral circumstances, the patient and/or the family should have the final right to decision regarding futile treatment.Some are opposed to renouncing futile treatment, whatever futility is defined. For them, first, abandoning treatment is in conflict with the physician's basic duty of offering treatment. Second, giving up treatment also gives up the chance of making medical progress by attempting to treat the patient. Third, the patient would thereby lose the opportunity of prolonging the life. And finally, it would change the good image of the physician (as taking care of the patient). On the other hand, those who support renouncing futile treatment offer different reasons. First, giving up futile treatment will turn out to be respecting the value of the patient's life. Second, It would help people recognize the natural limit of contemporary medical development. Third, it would facilitate a reasonable pattern of distributing scarce medical resources. And finally, it could reduce the suffering of the patient. As a result, we face a social situation of moral pluralism: people disagree with each other regarding renouncing futile treatment.A difficult practical issue is who has the right to decide renouncing futile treatment. This paper argues that, giving individuals hold conflicting views of life, valoue and morality, the patient should have the final decision power regarding his/her own treatment. If the patient is incompetent, then the family should have the deciding right. In this respect we should overcome the longstanding medical paternalism. In addition, society should establish a prcocedure to regulate and facilitate the decision-mading of renouncing futile treatment.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 16 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
The regulatory framework of the soviet system of vocational education in the 1970s
Authors: Dozmorov Valery A. , Mentsiev Adam U. , Timofeeva Olga I.
Published: March 2021

The Russian educational system today is undergoing a process of deep, systemic reformation. This process is expressed in a rethinking of the essence, aims, objectives, and strategic attitudes of the educational system. The state policy in the field of education considers the general trends of world development, which determine the need for significant changes in the educational sphere at the present stage. The condition of the educational system and the prospects for its development in any legal state are primarily determined by the legislation on education. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present the analysis of domestic legislation. which regulates the vocational education. Nowadays, great interest among researchers is shown to the Soviet experience of the development of the educational system. Turning to this experience makes it possible to avoid the mistakes of the past, to equalize existing contradictions and to choose the most productive way to develop the system of vocational and technical education in our days.
Influencia de las Tecnologías de Información en los procesos contables de las organizaciones
Authors: Berrones Paguay Amaro Vladimir
Published: March 2021

En la presente investigación se pretende determinar la in uencia de las TIC en los procesos contables de las organizaciones, los mismos que son considerados como herramientas, informáticas que procesan, sintetizan, almacenan y difunden información digitalizada, debido a que su uso facilita la gestión ya que permite comunicarse de la manera más efectiva con sus clientes y ofrecer servicios de forma más rápida, lo cual conlleva una mejora en la calidad del servicio prestado y en la satisfacción del cliente. El manejo masivo de información y el avance de la tecnología, han provocado una necesidad en el uso de todas las áreas funcionales de la empresa, debido a la complejidad y el volumen de operaciones que puede tener una empresa pública o privada, es necesario tener un control de sus activos, pasivos y patrimonio y poder evaluar cómo ha sido la gestión administrativa y nanciera de un determinado ejercicio scal. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar su enfoque dentro de las organizaciones. Se aplicará el método histórico lógico y sistémico que permitirá́ concluir que es necesario optimizar los procesos administrativos, nancieros y de cumplimiento para una adecuada toma de decisiones del nivel directivo.
BIOPSIKOSOSIAL-SPRITUAL IMPACTS OF SEXUAL ABUSE FOR MINORS IN AMBON CITY
Authors: Salakory David Marthen
Published: March 2021

Sexual abuse against minors is already one of the social ills in people’s lives. Victims of sexual abuse are often exposed in the public and even closed. The victim feels that it is something taboo and can even damage a person’s disgrace. Therefore, they need treatment from institutions that are concerned with social issues that deal with child victims of sexual abuse. This research aimed specifically to determine the impact of the case on child victims of sexual abuse through a biopsychosocial-spiritual approach and to explain the strategy model of psychosocial-spiritual treatment, together with institutional accompaniment, referring children to doctors and being accepted by children of victims of social abuse under age. The method used in this research was a qualitative descriptive study with the type of case study. The study was carried out at the Ambon City Women’s Empowerment Circle (LAPPAN). Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews and direct observations to the victims in the field and LAPPAN officials. This research shows that victims of sexual abuse occur in underage children in Ambon City aged 9 -12 and 13 -16, which have an impact on biopsychosocial-spiritual. The psychological impact is that the child feels mentally disturbed, while the social impact is related to the child’s relationship in the social environment, both at home and school. The spiritual impact makes children embarrassed to attend worship meetings in places of worship. In addition, LAPPAN provided serious assistance in reducing the psychological problems experienced by the victims.
MEASUREMENT OF COOPERATIVE PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL: IN ACEH: THE MALMQUIST INDEX APPROACH
Authors: Azhari Azhari , Kamaruddin Kamaruddin
Published: March 2021

Based on article 33 of the 1945 constitution, cooperatives are the backbone of Indonesia national economy. However, the hopes of cooperative to become the locomotive of the Indonesian economy are still far from expectation. the purpose of this research to measure the level of productivity and efficiency of cooperatives by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index analysis tools. Input variables used are own capital, external capital, labor, and members, while the output variable is turnover and the surplus (SHU) cooperatives from 23 districts/cities in Aceh from 2014 to 2016. Test results show that cooperatives that have an index value-efficient only in seven districts / cities, while in terms of productive cooperatives in Aceh as many as 14 districts/cities in Aceh. It is expected that policymakers in fostering and empowering cooperatives in Aceh, both from the government and cooperative management and other stakeholders, can improve cooperative performance through cooperative education and training for cooperative human resources, provide a conducive business climate and provide capital loans with easy schemes for cooperative. The limitation of this study is that the types of cooperatives used are cooperatives as a whole not classifying cooperative types. Testing the level of efficiency and productivity of cooperatives with various types of cooperatives that exist is a special attraction The objective is in the third line, the method is in the fourth line, the results and discussion are in the sixth line, the conclusions and suggestions are on the eighth line and so on.
THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF EDUCATIONAL TOURISM AT RUMAH ATSIRI INDONESIA IN THE ERA OF ADAPTING TO A NEW NORMAL
Authors: Suwarni Suwarni , Siti Khadijah Ute Lies , Rachmat Heryadi
Published: March 2021

Rumah Atsiri Indonesia is located in Plumbon Village, Tawangmangu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province. This study aims to determine the potential and the development strategy of educational tourism at Rumah Atsiri Indonesia in the era of adapting to a new normal. This study used qualitative research method. The data collection technique was done by triangulation, namely a combination of observation, interview, and documentation from various accurate data sources. The data analysis technique used was SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate that Rumah Atsiri Indonesia with the concept of educational tourism has natural and cultural potentials. The implementation of the CHSE Health Protocols at Rumah Atsiri Indonesia in the era of adapting to a new normal has run smoothly and has received the CHSE Certification label from the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia. The development strategies of educational tourism at Rumah Atsiri Indonesia are as follows: (a) maximizing the various types of tourist attractions; (b) conducting digital tourism promotion of educational tourism at Rumah Atsiri Indonesia; (c) increasing the quality and quantity of facilities for the visitors; (d) Scheduling annual tourism activities; (e) adjusting the price of products and services with the service quality; (f) increasing the competence of tourism human resources; (g) introducing the various types of plants and their benefits for health; and (h) collaborating with various stakeholders from academia, business, government, community, and media.
Presentación
Authors: Miranda Ricardo
Published: March 2021

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Marxismo y socialismo mexicano en Redes, de Paul Strand y Carlos Chávez, con música de Silvestre Revueltas
Authors: Saavedra Leonora
Published: March 2021

Redes (1934-1935), película mexicana ideada y filmada por el fotógrafo modernista Paul Strand, es reconocida como obra fundamental –panfletaria para algunos– del cine mexicano. Entre músicos se le conoce por la música que para la banda sonora compuso Silvestre Revueltas. Redes fue producida de acuerdo a lineamientos educativos generados en la SEP por Narciso Bassols (1931-1934), secretario, y Carlos Chávez, director del Departamento de Bellas Artes (1933-1934). La película se ocupa de las tribulaciones de un grupo de pescadores pobres y explotados de Veracruz; pero Redes es un film no sólo sobre sino, sobre todo, para los trabajadores. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en colocar la creación intelectual y física de Redes en el contexto de las ideas políticas y sociales de Bassols, Chávez y, como resultado de su cercanía con éstos, Strand. Más particularmente, mostraré cómo el argumento de la película y su misma cinematografía siguen fielmente la teoría clásica marxista sobre el capitalismo y la explotación y enajenación del trabajador en él, atendiendo a la visión colectivista de la SEP de Bassols. Utilizando documentos de archivo, hago un recuento de la radicalización política de Strand en México, muestro la clara autoría intelectual del fotógrafo (a pesar de que el film se presenta en los créditos como obra del director Fred Zinnemann), discuto los lineamientos de la SEP dentro de los cuales Strand trabajó y hago una lectura marxista del film para señalar su mensaje político específico. Eduardo Contreras Soto y James Krippner han mostrado que la asociación de Revueltas con el proyecto de Redes fue tardía y la música, creada a posteriori. Aquí discuto solamente la utilización en la banda sonora de significadores musicales que facilitan la lectura política del filme por parte del espectador-trabajador, canalizan su respuesta emocional y anclan su percepción en un contexto específicamente mexicano.
Financial Situation of Soviet Citizens in the Mirror of Public Opinion of 1960-1980s (according to Letters to the Central Authorities and the Media)
Authors: Stoletova A. S.
Published: March 2021

Based on the archival sources first introduced into the scientific community, the article highlights the question of the material well-being of Soviet citizens in estimates of the mass consciousness of the 1960s and 1980s. Within the framework of the problems, the well-being of citizens, which are the drivers of the socio-economic development of the state, are considered. In addition, the mental side of the processes is affected. The question is raised of social stratification, the beginning of the formation of a new structure of society as the realities of the second half of the 20th century. It is noted that in the public environment, vigilant monitoring of the excessive enrichment of persons in leadership positions was conducted. Based on the analysis of the material database of the Russian State Archive of Recent History, the author concludes that the trend of the time was the increase in the number of illegal acquisitions in three areas: housing, motor transport, personal household plots. A problem related to modernization processes in the spiritual sphere of life in Soviet society is raised. It is shown that there were changes in the behavioral stereotypes of social classes in the development of the right to use socialist property in this area, in relation to things and the desire for a comfortable life in society. It is concluded that the global consequence of these phenomena is the affirmation of private property morality.
Le Code Gálvez. La mejor defensa es un buen ataque
Authors: Alonso-Calero José María , Vertedor-Romero Jose Antonio
Published: March 2021

Le Code Gálvez es un proyecto artístico interdisciplinar en el que se ha utilizado contenido cultural/patrimonial gestionado por una interfaz de gestión audiovisual que construida mediante código de programación. Este proyecto, coordinado por José María Alonso Calero, se enmarca en el desarrollo de una beca de investigación sobre la figura de Bernardo de Gálvez, concedida por la Universidad de Málaga dentro del convenio con la Diputación Provincial de Málaga y Unicaja. El resultado se presentó en el centro multicultural, Voices of Pensacola, Pensacola, Fl, EE. UU., con un formato de performance audiovisual. El contenido de esta obra se ha elaborado a partir de una investigación basada en la historia de Bernardo de Gálvez durante su periodo en Pensacola. Le Code Gálvez se realizó en colaboración con Thomas Asmuth, profesor en la Facultad de Arte y Ciencias Performativas de la Universidad de West Florida, Pensacola. Este trabajo relaciona varias disciplinas como diseño, arte, historia y tecnología. Para este proyecto se ha construido una interfaz que permite la gestión de vídeos con los que se muestra una analogía atemporal que se centra en describir a través del sonido y la imagen la necesidad humana por el poder y por el control territorial. Los vídeos se reproducen utilizando una metodología de narrativa generativa mediante el uso de un analizador de sonido en la interfaz para que éste actúe sobre el algoritmo de la reproducción de vídeos según la señal de entrada. Se han utilizado para este propósito los programas vvvv, a multipourpose y Ableton conectados mediante el protocolo de comunicación OSC (OpenSound Control). La instalación se implementó con la tecnología Led Neopixel, controlada por el microprocesador Arduino, utilizando como receptor interactivo un micrófono conectado a Arduino. En este artículo analizamos el proceso de creación de esta obra interdisciplinar.
La avalancha de los datos en la práctica y la comunicación científicas: riesgos e incertidumbres
Authors: Medina Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2021

La nueva era del Big Data en la que estamos inmersos abre camino a nuevas oportunidades, pero también a nuevos riesgos e incertidumbres. En el campo de las ciencias y su comunicación, la acumulación masiva de datos asociada al Big Data se está convirtiendo en uno de los grandes retos y uno de los principales riesgos para el propio progreso de la actividad científica. La hiperinflación de las publicaciones científicas, el poder de decisión cada vez mayor de los editores a la hora de determinar qué publicar y qué no, el castigo a las clases medias de la ciencia en momentos de incertidumbre económica y la ausencia del tiempo necesario para la reflexión son algunos de los males que aquejan a la ciencia contemporánea en esta era del Big Data. En el presente artículo, reflexiono sobre todo ello estableciendo una crítica acuciantemente necesaria al presente quehacer de los científicos.
Prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-, carbapenem-, and fluoroquinolone-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the feces of horses and hospital surfaces at two equine specialty hospitals
Authors: Adams Rachael J. , Mollenkopf Dixie F. , Mathys Dimitria A. , Whittle Andrea , Ballash Greg A. , Mudge Margaret , Daniels Joshua B. , Barr Bonnie , Wittum Thomas E.
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-, carbapenem-, and fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae in the feces of hospitalized horses and on hospital surfaces.

SAMPLE

Fecal and environmental samples were collected from The Ohio State University Galbreath Equine Center (OSUGEC) and a private referral equine hospital in Kentucky (KYEH). Feces were sampled within 24 hours after hospital admission and after 48 hours and 3 to 7 days of hospitalization.

PROCEDURES

Fecal and environmental samples were enriched, and then selective media were inoculated to support growth of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria that expressed resistance phenotypes to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones.

RESULTS

358 fecal samples were obtained from 143 horses. More samples yielded growth of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria that expressed resistance phenotypes (AmpC β-lactamase, OR = 4.2; extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, OR = 3.2; and fluoroquinolone resistance, OR = 4.0) after 48 hours of hospitalization, versus within 24 hours of hospital admission. Horses hospitalized at KYEH were at greater odds of having fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria (OR = 2.2). At OSUGEC, 82%, 64%, 0%, and 55% of 164 surfaces had Enterobacteriaceae bacteria with AmpC β-lactamase phenotype, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype, resistance to carbapenem, and resistance to fluoroquinolones, respectively; prevalences at KYEH were similarly distributed (52%, 32%, 1%, and 35% of 315 surfaces).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results indicated that antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae may be isolated from the feces of hospitalized horses and from the hospital environment. Hospitalization may lead to increased fecal carriage of clinically important antimicrobial-resistance genes.
Hacia una educación efectiva del cambio climático
Authors: Mendizábal Castillo Daniel
Published: March 2021

González Gaudiano, E., Cruz, G. E. & Méndez, L. M. (Coords.). (2020). Conoce y valora el cambio climático: propuestas para trabajar en grupo. Xalapa: Universidad Veracruzana.A lo largo del año 2020, sucesos importantes relacionados con el cambio climático (cc) ocurrieron a lo ancho del planeta. En mayo, los niveles de dióxido de carbono (CO2, un importante gas de efecto invernadero, precursor del cambio climático) llegaron a 417 partes por millón, un valor que no había sido registrado desde hace 4 millones de años. En junio, las temperaturas en el este de Siberia alcanzaron los 38 grados centígrados, un registro nunca antes tenido en la región ártica. De igual forma, los incendios asociados a las altas temperaturas a lo largo del año arrasaron con millones de hectáreas de bosques en todo el mundo, bosques que cumplen una función muy importante dentro de la regulación climática, pues son importantes sumideros de carbono.
Carlos Fuentes y los horizontes de la traducción literaria
Authors: Ortiz Pilar , Corral Elizabeth , Marin Colorado Raymundo , Ilian Ilinca , Țiței Alina , Kovačević Petrović Bojana , Kutasy Mercédesz , Sauza Durán Maximiliano , Barajas García José Miguel , García de la Sienra Rodrigo , Rojas Pérez Yasmín , Hernández Alarcón María Magdalena
Published: March 2021

Este libro nace como producto de las actividades académicas, de difusión y de vinculación de la Cátedra Interamericana Carlos Fuentes, que surgió en la Universidad Veracruzana a partir de la necesidad de seguir construyendo plataformas para el análisis, la reflexión, la divulgación de la cultura y la creación literaria. Dentro de este espacio, la traducción se impuso como un problema teórico y un ejercicio profesional, partiendo de la idea de que el trabajo del traductor va de la mano con el de la creación en sus múltiples posibilidades. Es, al mismo tiempo, un homenaje a Carlos Fuentes y a sus traductores: homenaje a Fuentes porque el hilo conductor de los artículos recopilados es el estudio de las traducciones de sus obras a diversas lenguas, por ejemplo, al inglés, francés, rumano, serbio o húngaro; homenaje a los traductores de Fuentes porque él nunca estuvo al margen de las implicaciones en el trabajo de aquellos, a veces supervisando y a veces reescribiendo su obra en la medida en que las dificultades de la traducción se lo exigieran.
LEGAL REVIEW OF CONSUMER LAW PROTECTION ON PERSONAL DATA ON DIGITAL PLATFORM
Authors: Azhari Arfi
Published: March 2021

Legal protection for consumers must be considered because the existence of consumers is prone to fraud. Personal consumer data protect one form of legal protection for consumers in conducting transactions with business actors, both domestic and foreign transactions. With the times at this time, consumer data that exists on business actors, both in the form of state-owned enterprises or business actors in the private form, is a lot of consumer data that these business actors trade and this consumer data is widely known. The problem studied is how the consumer’s legal protection of personal data on digital platforms. Research methods are using normative research methods, namely by explaining the issues and views of consumer legal protection of personal data on existing legal regulatory, digital platforms. The results illustrate that for now, consumer legal protection of personal data on digital platforms still refers to several laws and regulations in Indonesia. The government is also preparing a Draft Law on Personal Data Protection, which will become lex specialis. For the protection of personal consumer data in Indonesia related to personal data on digital platforms.
Covid-19: Some Institutional Issues of the Socialist Oriented Market Economy and Social Development
Authors: Van Dang Nguyen , Quynh Hoa Luong
Published: March 2021

Difficulties resulting from the Covid-19 epidemic have revealed more clearly the challenges of economic growth and social development in our country. The current dilemma is also posing an urgent need for sustainable solutions that help both the state and citizens accumulate resources to adapt to unpredictable situations in the future. In order to stop the slowdown and promote economic growth, it is impossible not to consider the core dimensions of the socialist-oriented market economy institutions. The paper focuses on analyzing a number of economic institutional challenges, including public ownership, state-owned enterprises, and the legal system. On that basis, the author proposes a number of orientations for institutional innovation towards a more dynamic market economy, a more modern public governance system, in order to achieve social development goals.
Editorial
Authors: Ashwin Mahalingam  , Paul S. Chinowsky
Published: March 2021

Editorial for Volume 10 Issue 1
Principles of an Economic Life Based on Halal Gain in the Light of Prophet’s Teachings
Authors: Erdem Ekrem
Published: March 2021

Earning through halal means is very important for a Muslim because it is not only required for his sustenance but is also an important part of his religion practice. Muslims must not escape a life based on hardwork and should not depend on charity to survive. They must instead put in effort to earn regular income since God has provided man with the means to seek providence through His resources. Thus, Muslims should not be involved in dodgy activities, but should actively participate in trade. However, trade must be conducted with honesty. It is always wise to seek the middle path in earning a living by neither neglecting worship nor being too greedy. Accumulating wealth does not make a person happy and in fact, can bring about his ruin if he neglects zakat and charity or usurps the rights of others. Unfortunately, in this age, Muslims show impassivity towards earning income using Islamic modes; whether in producing, trading, or working for oneself or on the behalf of others. Such individual weaknesses of Muslims lead to occasional and unjustified accusations on Islam. Indeed, the problem is not in Islam, but Muslims who have failed to apply its teachings to their lives- the basic motivation of this study. For this reason, this study intends to reveal and interpret the teachings of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) about halal earnings that are the guidelines for maintaining a moral economic life by making use of authentic books of hadith.
The Classification of Sharia Assets and Performance of Financial Portfolio
Authors: Bhutto Sarfaraz Ahmed , Shaikh Saifullah , Amar Hussain , Mangi Qamar Abbas
Published: March 2021

The paper investigates the Shariah compliant and conventional portfolios in financial settings of Pakistan during the period 2009-2019 by using Markowitz Minimum-Variance (MMV) framework. Using daily excess returns, we first investigate the impact of Shariah screening criteria on stock returns then we evaluate the overall risk of Shariah compliant and conventional portfolios. The results reveal negative impact of Shariah screening criteria on stock returns’ cross-section. Further, unconstrained portfolio investment strategy outperforms faithbased investing. Finally, the findings of the study suggest that induction guidelines employed in PSX for companies to be listed in Shariah compliant index needs to be reviewed to practically attain the objectives of Islamic moral economy such as avoiding Gharar (uncertainty) and Maysir (speculation). More importantly formulate a criterion that truly reflects Islamic principles of investing. In addition, more could also be done to educate investors about Shariah compliant stocks and enhance the projection of Shariah compliant index. Secondly, our study also indicates that investors that prefer faith based investing should be aware of the costs of faith investment in PSX. Investors can encounter additional costs while investing in Shariah compliant stocks. Moreover, these additional costs are driven high risk and low performance of faith portfolios.
Mechanical and structural consequences of associative dynamic cross-linking in acrylic diblock copolymers
Authors: Ishibashi Jacob , Pierce Ian , Chang Alice , Zografos Aristotelis , El-Zaatari Bassil , Fang Yan , Weigand Steven , Bates Frank S. , Kalow Julia
Published: March 2021

The composition of low-Tg n-butylacrylate-block-(acetoxyaceto)ethyl acrylate block polymers is investigated as a strategy to tune the properties of dynamically cross-linked vinylogous urethane vitrimers. As the proportion of the cross-linkable block is increased, the thermorheological properties, structure, and stress relaxation evolve in ways that cannot be explained by increasing cross-link density alone. Evidence is presented that network connectivity defects such as loops and dangling ends are increased by microphase separation. The thermomechanical and viscoelastic properties of block copolymer-derived vitrimers arise from the subtle interplay of microphase separation and network defects.
Hydrogen Evolution by Polymer Photocatalysts; a Possible Photocatalytic Cycle
Authors: Prentice Andrew , Zwijnenburg Martijn
Published: March 2021

We propose, supported by ab-initio calculations, a possible photocatalytic cycle for hydrogen evolution by a prototypical polymer photocatalyst, poly(p-phenylene), in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor. As part of that cycle we also introduce a family of related sites on the polymer that in the absence of a noble metal co-catalyst can facilitate the evolution of molecular hydrogen when the polymer is illuminated. The bottlenecks for hydrogen evolution, electron transfer from the sacrificial electron donor and hydrogen-hydrogen bond formation, are discussed, as well as how they could potentially be improved by tuning the polymer properties and how they change in the presence of a noble-metal co-catalyst.