bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy in Advanced Gastroesophageal Tumors: The Best of the Current Knowledge
Authors: De Dosso Sara
Published: March 2020

Gastroesophageal cancers have a poor prognosis despite the use of novel therapies, such as chemotherapy combinations and biologic agents. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have also been introduced into the treatment landscape. The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, pembrolizumab, for instance, has been approved in the USA in 2017, with the indication of advanced gastric and esophageal programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive tumors, as well as for deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) solid tumors.1,2 Signals of outstanding efficacy were particularly observed in biomarker selected populations.3 Hence, there is an urgent need to identify precise predictive biomarkers for optimal patient selection and to establish more effective treatment timings. The present review summarizes the current clinical evidence supporting treatment with ICIs in upper GI tumors.
Intensifying Magnets with Optimization of Magnetic Dipole directions
Authors: Hirano Takeshi
Published: March 2020

Arranging some magnets can intensify its magnetic ﬁeld, as known as Halbach array. Magnets can be considered as a 3 dimensional array of magnetic dipoles. Optimizing these magnetic dipole directions, magnets can be more stronger. This article shows how to ditermine these directions, and how to magnetize ferromagnetic material with that directions.
BSC: A Bitcoin Smart Contract Implementation
Authors: Midas Hiro
Published: March 2020

We propose BSC, a Bitcoin Smart Contract implementation. It integrates the functionality of smart contracts into the Bitcoin system, giving developers the ability to build decentralized applications on Bitcoin. BSC will require a new hard fork, on which Bitcoin holders can use their existing funds directly. BSC combines the unlimited creative space of smart contracts and the vast network effect of Bitcoin, which will bring even more possibilities to the cryptocurrency world.
Multi-attribute Recognition,The key to universal neural network
Authors: Wei Jinxin
Published: March 2020

To achieve the recognition of multi-attribute of object, I redesign the mnist dataset, change the color, size, location of the number. Meanwhile, I change the label accordingly. The deep neural network I use is the most common convolution neural network. Through test,we can conclude that we can use one neural network to recognize multi-attribute so long as the attribute difference of objects can be represented by functions. The concrete network(generation network) can generate the output which the input rarely contained from the attributes the network learned. Its generalization ability is good because the network is a continuous function. Through one more test, We can conclude that one neural network can do image recognition, speech recognition,and nature language processing and other things so long as the output node and the input node and more parameters add into the network. The network is universal so long as the network can process different inputs. I guess that the phenomenon of synaesthesia is the result of multi-input and multi-output. I guess that connection in mind can realize through the universal network and sending the output into input.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ СИСТЕМ СОНЯЧНОГО ГАРЯЧОГО ВОДОПОСТАЧАННЯ
Authors: Matyakh S. , Surzhyk T. , Rieztsov V.
Published: March 2020

Використання сучасних сонячних колекторів забезпечує високий рівень освоєння енергії сонячного випромінювання та стабільність гарячого водопостачання на протязі всього року на всій території України. На сучасному етапі розвитку сонячної теплоенергетики на перше місце виходять проблеми ефективного використання енергії сонячної радіації за рахунок застосування передових технологій та встановлення оптимальних параметрів енергетичного обладнання.
Представлений в роботі порядок визначення ефективності використання систем сонячного гарячого водопостачання забезпечує отримання енергетичних та економічних параметрів сонячного теплоенергетичного обладнання у конкретній місцевості, визначення типу і параметрів геліоустановок для їх максимально ефективного застосування.
Вибір типу та продуктивності сонячних колекторів для певної місцевості в першу чергу орієнтовано на потреби конкретного споживача та питомі показники з надходження сонячної радіації в даній місцевості (середньомісячна і середньорічна кількість прямої, розсіяної та сумарної сонячної радіації). На основі представлених даних визначається приведена добова інтенсивність поглинання сонячним колектором сонячної радіації із врахуванням робочих параметрів геліотехнічної установки та оптимального кута нахилу до горизонту. Розрахункові енергетичні параметри надалі використовуються для встановлення економічної ефективності, строку окупності геліоустановки та екологічної ефективності за рахунок зменшення викидів вуглекислого газу. Сонячне теплопостачання в Україні має достатнiй досвiд викоpистання i розвинену ноpмативну базу для пpоектування, а технологiчний потенцiал пpомисловостi дозволяє виpiшити завдання масового виpобництва гелiотехнiчного обладнання. Запропонований порядок оперативного встановлення ефективності впровадження систем сонячного гарячого водопостачання для потенційних споживачів сприятиме широкому освоєнню сонячної теплової енергії на всій території України і, відповідно, зменшенню обсягів використання органічного палива та поліпшенню стану оточуючого середовища. Бібл. 7, табл. 2.
ПРИЧИНИ І РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ПЕРЕГЛЯДУ ОЦІНКИ ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ВІТРОВИХ ЕЛЕКТРОСТАНЦІЙ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Kudria S. , Mkhitaryan N. , Tuchynskyi B. , Riepkin О. , Ivanchenko I. , Petrenko K.
Published: March 2020

Мета статті – сучасна оцінка вітропотенціалу України і перспектив розвитку вітроенергетики. Попит на електроенергію має сталу тенденцію до зростання, а пропозиція електроенергії теплових і атомних електростанцій обмежується, головним чином, вичерпаністю світових запасів відповідних енергоносіїв і їх нерівномірним розподілом між країнами. Останнє створює політичну і економічну залежність країн-імпортерів енергоносіїв від країн, що енергоносії експортують. За прогнозом Міжнародного енергетичного агентства (IEA), в ЄС сума інвестицій у вітроенергетику в період 2014-2035 рр. становитиме 727 $млрд і буде найвищою серед галузей електроенергетики – в 1.8 рази вищою, ніж в ТЕС і АЕС разом (400 $млрд). За останній час відбулись суттєві прогресивні зміни кількісних і якісних параметрів генерації електроенергії ВЕС, а саме: подовжились лопаті вітрових електроустановок (ВЕУ); збільшились висоти веж ВЕУ. Дослідження вітрових потоків показали, що вертикальні профілі вітру фактично є більш чутливими до збільшення висоти над землею, ніж припускалось раніше. Крім того, має місце подвоєння номінальної потужності ВЕУ, за рахунок чого зменшуються як площі покриття ВЕС¸ так і питомі витрати землі, вилученої з сільськогосподарського використання. Якщо у попередніх дослідженнях придатними для ВЕС визначались лише зони Причорномор’я і Приазов’я, то в результаті спільної дії перелічених факторів значні території в інших регіонах України, що раніше вважались непридатними для розміщення економічно ефективних ВЕС, перейшли до категорії перспективних. В даній статті представлено географічний підхід до оцінювання вітропотенціалу територій України. Цей підхід  є значно простіший, потребує значно менше витрат часу і коштів, ніж відомі підходи.  Бібл. 6, табл. 4, рис. 8.
Serum paraoxonase enzyme activity after balneotherapy in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Karadağ Ahmet , Doğan Halef Okan
Published: March 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the serum paraoxonase (PON 1) levels between patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and healthy control subjects, and to investigate the possible effect of balneotherapy (BT) on PON 1 enzyme activity in FMS patients.

Methods: The study included 45 female patients with FMS, and 35 healthy female volunteers. To measure PON 1 enzyme activity, venous blood samples were taken twice from the FMS group, before and after BT, and once from the control group. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) scales were applied to the FMS patients before and after BT.

Results: There was no difference between the FMS group and healthy control group in terms of serum PON1 activity (p>0.05). The comparison of the serum PON 1 activity of the FMS group before and after BT revealed a statistically significant increase after BT (p=0.001). A statistically significant decrease was determined in the VAS and FIQ scores of the FMS group after BT compared to the pre-treatment values (p=0.002, p=0.001, respectively).

Conclusion: BT is an effective non-pharmacologic method in the treatment of FMS. There was an increase in serum PON 1 activity in patients with FMS after BT. BT may have a regulatory effect on the antioxidant system of patients with FMS.
The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio may predict the discharge status in patients admitted to the emergency department
Authors: Karaman Kıvanç , Çelik Cihangir , Fidan Esra , Oskay Alten
Published: March 2020

Objective: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been investigated as an indicator of mortality and/or morbidity in many clinical pathologies. However, these studies have mostly been conducted for specific diseases. We investigated whether there is a relationship between the NLR and hospitalization or discharge decisions in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to the ED. The NLR values of the patients were calculated, and their demographic characteristics (age and gender) and clinical outcomes were recorded.

Results: Of the 1970 patients, 1400 (71.1%) were discharged from the ED, and 570 (28.9%) were hospitalized. The patients who were discharged were younger and had lower NLR values, and this group had a lower female gender ratio (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). The NLR threshold for discharge was 4.8, with a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 60%. Of the 570 hospitalized patients, 478 (83.9%) were discharged from the hospital and 92 (16.1%) died. Deceased patients were statistically significantly older with higher NLR values (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). The threshold value of NLR for predicting mortality was calculated as 11.5, with a sensitivity of 45% and a specificity of 77%.

Conclusions: Our study reveals that the NLR is an important predictor of hospitalization and mortality in patients admitted to the ED regardless of diagnosis. ED physicians may consider to discharge patients with NLR values below 4.8 instead of spending additional time with advanced tests. In addition, clinicians should review the risk of mortality in patients with NLR values greater than 11.5 more thoroughly concerning mortality and should consider early aggressive treatment options.
Investigation of angiogenic factors in obese rats exposed to low oxygen pressure
Authors: Dağ Meral , Yürekli Muhittin
Published: March 2020

Objective: Obesity, which is one of the most important health problems of today's people, remains current due to the risks of illness it brings due to the increase rate in the world.

Material and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in our study of obesity. Rats were divided into four groups as standard diet/ normal oxygen, standard diet/low oxygen, high-fat diet/normal oxygen and high-fat diet / low oxygen. For the study, a special cage with a low oxygen level of 17-18% was made in a closed system. After achieving the desired 25% weight increase in obese group rats, blood, liver, lung, white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue were obtained from the rats. In these tissues, adrenomedullin, hypoxic inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-II (MMP-II) levels were measured by ELISA.

Results: According to our results, there was a significant increase in adrenomedullin, HIF1-α and MMP-II in white adipose tissue, and adrenomedullin and MMP-II in brown adipose tissue. It was found that the amount of HIF1-α increased significantly in liver and lung tissues.

Conclusion: According to the metabolic status of adipose tissue, it is thought that the effect of adrenomedullin, HIF1-α and MMP-II can increase vascularization of brown adipose tissue and provide energy consumption.
The association of axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer with metabolic parameters of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET / CT
Authors: Altun Tuzcu Sadiye , Gezici Ayten , Taşdemir Bekir , Kaplan Ihsan , Büyükbayram Hüseyin , Altun Çetin Feray
Published: March 2020

Objective: This study aims to examine the association between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) metabolic parameters of lymph node-positive and lymph node-negative breast carcinomas.

Material and method: We included breast carcinomas patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging at our department between May 2018 and December 2019. A total of 108 female breast cancer patients were included (aged 48.8 ± 13.6years; range, 28-84 years). PET scanning was performed in 3D mode from the skull ceiling to the half of the thigh. According to pathology reports, we divided the patients into two groups: a lymph node-positive group of patients and a lymph node-negative group of patients. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity for determining the PET/CT pathological lymph node. Metabolic parameters like TLG (Total lesion glycolysis), MTV (Metabolic tumor volume), SUVmean, and SUVmax values were calculated.

Result: The lymph node-positive group’s body weight and body mass index(BMI) were statistically higher than the lymph node-negative group (p=0,027,p=0,022 respectively). SUV max and SUV mean of the lymph node-positive group were statistically higher than the lymph node-negative group (p=0.008, p=0,009, respectively). Both TLG and MTV of the lymph node-positive group were statistically higher than the lymph node-negative group (p=0.01, P= 0.01, respectively). Ki-67(%) of the lymph node-positive group was not statistically different from the lymph node-negative group. We calculated the PET/CT’s sensitivity and specificity as 78,57% and 59,09%, respectively.  For the positive predictive value of PET/CT, we found 55%, and for the negative predictive value, it was 81.25%.

Conclusions: PET/CT metabolic parameters of patients with lymph node-positive breast cancer were higher than patients with lymph node-negative. High body weight and BMI appears to increase the possibility of metastases of lymph node. The sensitivity of PET/CT can be considered to be useful in determining the pathological lymph node, but the specificity of PET/CT is not very good.
Fremdsprachliche Lehr-Lern-Prozesse und Kommunikationsprozesse
Authors: Szczodrowski Marian
Published: March 2020

The issues presented in this article do not only refer to the substantive aspects of processes of teaching, learning and communication, but also to their close connections in teaching foreign languages. Therefore, on the one hand, the course of teaching and learning is viewed separately, and, on the other hand, their inseparable unity is established. Learning new perceptual foreignlanguage structures is seen as a multi-stage process which takes place not only in decoding but also in the construction of matrices in the foreign-language storage mechanism. All foreignlanguage activities relating to teaching and learning are based on communication, which runs parallel to glotto-didactic processes. Thus, the following results emerge for learners: known information structures function as means of communication and understanding, while new structures function as means of communication and teaching and learning.
A Constitutional Wealth Tax
Authors: Glogower Ari
Published: March 2020

Policymakers and scholars are giving serious consideration to a federal wealth tax. Wealth taxation could address the harms from rising economic inequality, promote equality of social and economic opportunity, and raise the revenue needed to fund critical government programs. These reasons for taxing wealth may not matter, however, if a federal wealth tax is unconstitutional.

Scholars debate whether a tax on a wealth base (a “traditional wealth tax”) would be a “direct tax” subject to apportionment among the states by population. This Article argues, in contrast, that this possible constitutional restriction on a traditional wealth tax may not matter. If the Court struck down a traditional wealth tax, Congress could instead tax wealth by adjusting a taxpayer’s income tax liability on account of her wealth. This Article describes three general methods for making this adjustment (collectively, “Wealth Integration” methods). A taxpayer’s wealth could affect her taxable income base (the “Base Method”), the applicable rate schedule (the “Rate Method”), or the availability of credits against tax (the “Credit Method”).

Wealth Integration methods could replicate the economic effects of a traditional wealth tax but with an intrinsically different constitutional analysis. The Court could strike down Wealth Integration methods only by overruling settled prior precedent, invalidating many current features of the income tax, and fundamentally restricting Congress’s power to tax income under the Sixteenth Amendment.

Finally, the possibility that Congress could instead tax wealth through Wealth Integration methods provides a new argument why the Court should uphold a traditional wealth tax. Otherwise, the Court would have to choose between fundamentally restricting the Sixteenth Amendment—and jeopardizing the income tax as we know it—or distinguishing between economically similar taxes on the basis of their formal label while still allowing Congress to tax wealth and diminishing the effect of the apportionment requirement as a restraint on Congress’s taxing power.
The NCAA's Special Relationship with Student-Athletes as a Theory of Liability for Concussion-Related Injuries
Authors: Abe Tezira
Published: March 2020

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is the primary governing body of college athletics. Although the NCAA proclaims to protect student-athletes, an examination of its practices suggests that the organization has a troubling history of ignoring the harmful effects of concussions. Over one hundred years after the NCAA was established, and seventy years after the NCAA itself knew of the potential effects of concussions, the organization has done little to reduce the occurrence of concussions or to alleviate the potential effects that stem from repeated hits to the head. This Note argues for recognizing a special relationship between the NCAA and student-athletes that would allow these athletes to hold the NCAA liable for concussion-related injuries.
Thoughts, Crimes, and Thought Crimes
Authors: Mendlow Gabriel
Published: March 2020

Thought crimes are the stuff of dystopian fiction, not contemporary law. Or so we’re told. Yet our criminal legal system may in a sense punish thought regularly, even as our existing criminal theory lacks the resources to recognize this state of affairs for what it is—or to explain what might be wrong with it. The beginning of wisdom lies in the seeming rhetorical excesses of those who complain that certain terrorism and hate crime laws punish offenders for their malevolent intentions while purporting to punish them for their conduct. Behind this too-easily-written-off complaint is a half-buried precept of criminal jurisprudence, one that this Essay aims to excavate, elaborate, and defend: that the proper target of an offender’s punishment is always the criminal action itself, not the offender’s associated mental state conceived as a separate wrong. Taken seriously, this precept would change how we punish an assortment of criminal offenses, from attempts to hate crimes to terrorism. It also would change how we conceive the criminal law’s core axioms, especially the poorly understood but surprisingly important doctrine of concurrence.
MAIN AREAS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN TOURIST SERVICES
Authors: Brych Vasyl , Tkach Uliana
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The quality of tourist services has attracted increasing attention in the context of the European integration vector of the economy of our country. Therefore, the formation of general principles and areas of quality management for the competitiveness of the hospitality industry. Tourism companies are faced with the need to increase competitiveness in the domestic and international markets, the effectiveness of management decisions and business performance, the problems of adaptation to the characteristics of emerging markets and the need to realize market opportunities, all of which characterize the inefficient management of the tourism business.
Methods. The research is formed on the basis of systematic and holistic approaches, structural modelling and monographic study of the issue of improving the quality of tourist services.
Results. The basic directions of improving the management of quality of services of tourist activity are formed. The state standards in the sphere of tourism in accordance with the international quality standards are completed and harmonized. An educational and professional course “Implementation of national standards of tourist services harmonized with international and European normative documents” has been proposed, which intensifies interest in the integration of Ukraine into the EU general economic space. It will help university graduates in the further professional activity of specialists in tourism services and hotel and restaurant business.
Discussion. The expected impact of the vocational training course will be based on the presentation of the best European tourism strategies and practices; expanding and deepening knowledge of the European Directives and ISO standards for tourism; approbation of the European experience in tourist services; promotion of the European model of quality of tourist services.
Keywords: European standards, tourist service, quality, tourism, tourist service.
FORMATION OF STRATEGIC AREAS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES IN ACCORDANCE WITH TENDENCIES IN EXPORT-IMPORT CHANGES
Authors: Ivanova Maryna , Shvets Vasyl , Varyanichenko Olena
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The top management of enterprises, as a rule, have to solve several strategic issues when concluding a foreign trade contract, among which the choice of strategic direction of activity and the counterparty country is the highest priority.
Methods. General and specific methods of system-structural analysis and synthesis were used to formulate the author's definition of "development strategy", to identify the interrelated stages of the development strategy formation; correlation-regression analysis was applied to determine the correlation density between imports and exports for the countries involved in Ukraine’s foreign trade in metallurgical products.
Results. The theoretical study of approaches to the formation of a development strategy has allowed formulating the author's definition that the enterprise development strategy is a long-term plan, which contains complex decisions on choosing the direction of enterprise’s development, defining the major goals and models of actions for the formation and effective use of its potential; it also allows the enterprise to create favourable internal and external conditions for successful completion of the main stages of development. It has been found that analysis, monitoring, diagnostics of external and internal environment are a commonly-accepted component of any process of strategy formation.
The results of the correlation between import and export as elements of the system have been obtained; it has been proved that a change in import volumes occurs simultaneously with the proportional change in export volumes. Enterprises will be advised to perform foreign economic activities only with counterparties in the countries for which the correlation coefficient between exports and imports is significant.
Discussion. The density of export - import links for individual types of metallurgical products is greater than 0.5, indicating a significant correlation between the two considered features. The foreign economic relations between the metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine and various countries of the world are relatively balanced in the field of exports - imports of certain types of metallurgical products. The obtained results should be taken into account in the formation of a strategy for those metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine, which are to perform or expand their foreign economic activity. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account other factors influencing the resultant indicator, i.e. import, and to introduce advanced methods for their detection and research, which, in turn, will reduce the negative impact of the environment.
Keywords. Development strategy, import, export, correlation, foreign economic activity, metallurgical enterprises, metallurgical products.
PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES OF PRIVATE CONTRACTORS AS SUBJECTS OF INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Fomina Tetyana
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The need to set up a private enforcement institute arose from the problem of enforcement of court decisions. The activities of state executors are clearly regulated, have experience and achievements. A private contractor is authorized by the state to carry out enforcement activities, but from an economic point of view, he is a self-employed person, which means that he is financially interested in the results of his work. The economic aspect of private contractor activity is not well understood to date.
Methods. The study is based on the use of the historical and comparative method in determining the prerequisites for establishing an institute of private performers in Ukraine and in the world. A generalization method was used to determine general properties in the taxation of private contractors. The efficiency of the work and the feasibility of introducing a “private” element in the enforcement of court decisions was proved by the method of analysis. The method of grouping was used to determine the taxation base for the performance of private contractors.
Results. The organizational and legal aspects of the activity of private contractors have been determined. The economic advantages and disadvantages of introducing the Institute of Private Performers are presented. The procedure for recognition of income and formation of costs of private contractors is outlined. It is proved inadmissible to identify the concepts of “costs of enforcement proceedings” and “costs of private executors”. The necessity of accounting and control of results of activity of private contractors is substantiated.
Discussion. Prospects for further researches will be to develop recommendations for accounting for deposit accounts; accounts intended to be credited to enforcement proceedings; accounts intended to account for the principal and additional remuneration of private contractors; payroll calculations; payments with budget for taxes, fees, other required payments private artist revenue and expenses, etc.
Keywords: enforcement proceedings, self-employed entities, private contractor, remuneration of private contractor, costs of enforcement proceedings, costs of private contractor, income of private contractor.
INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF ENERGY SERVICE ENTERPRISES
Authors: Barna Stepan
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The phenomenon of innovations and innovative system reflects the dynamics of society, covers all spheres of life, and carries a benchmark for the future. The essence of this phenomenon requires thorough research from the standpoint of philosophical, scientific, technical, economic and socio-cultural aspects. Based on the growing powerful legal framework, the leading role of innovation activity for the state as a whole and for individual enterprises emerges, and the need for enhancing innovation activity, enhancing innovation potential and systematic targeted planning, development, implementation and use of innovations is evident.
Methods. The method of comparison was used to identify differences between the innovation processes of developed and developing countries; generalization - to define the general concept and understanding of the principles of functioning of the subjects of the innovation process; abstraction - to identify the most relevant links for innovative business development.
Results. The study suggests that the solution to the problems of forming an effective enterprise management innovation system that meets the goals of their innovation strategy depends on the use of progressive methods and approaches, adequate elements of models of innovation processes of modern generations, as well as meets the conditions of informatization and digitization of the economy.
Discussion. Scientists are faced with the need to develop a number of provisions that broaden the understanding of the development of enterprise innovation management system, concentrating the need to increase innovation activity, increase innovation potential and carry out systematic targeted planning, development, implementation and use of innovation; substantiation of the feasibility of applying a systematic approach to innovation management; formation of the content and structure of the model of enterprise innovation management system.
Keywords: European standards, innovations, management, energy service enterprises.
PREREQUISITES AND TRENDS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY DEVELOPMENT
AT ENTERPRISES
Authors: Bytsyura Leonid
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Energy efficiency is an important component of the Europe 2020 strategy and a consequence of one of the goals for the efficient use of natural resources. Energy efficiency is an interdisciplinary concept. It combines technology and innovation, agriculture, environmental protection, economics and legislation. It affects technological and economic changes, behaviour changes, and reflects energy consumption trends.
Methods. The method of comparison is used in the work – to detect differences between objects of energy service; generalization – to define the general concept and understanding of the principles of functioning of subjects of the energy service market, abstraction – to identify patterns of development of markets in Europe and Ukraine.
Results. The basic prerequisites for the development of the energy service market have been formed, and barriers to the implementation of energy efficiency measures at enterprises have been identified. An algorithm of the decision-making process is proposed, which should be based on determining the places of energy losses, the modernization of which would bring a measurable benefit. The considered measures of improvement of energy efficiency will allow to achieve the maximum economic and ecological effect of functioning of the economic complex of the state.
Discussion. At the beginning of 2008, a large part of the draft CEN standards have been transmitted to the national standardization institutes of the EU Member States for final approval, and the draft standards, which were approved by the national standardization institutes, were adopted as European standards, which Ukraine is also aiming for, different levels of readiness, this process needs further research.
Keywords: European standards, energy efficiency, energy service market, subjects of energy service market.
ALIMENTAÇÃO E NUTRIÇÃO: NOS PARÂMETROS CURRICULARES NACIONAIS PARA ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Gazola Carla Bianca Gonzaga
Published: March 2020

A promoção de saúde no ambiente escolar torna-se uma prática de grande relevância levando aos alunos práticas saudáveis, externando a vida adulta e difundindo temática, desta forma reduzirá os numericamente os casos de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT). Este trabalho tem como objetivo defender a inserção da alimentação e nutrição nos parâmetros curriculares nacionais para ensino fundamental, como formar de promoção a saúde e prevenção a agravos e fibras, carboidratos e proteína, sendo uma alternativa de lanche saudável e nutritivo. O presente estudo realizou levantamentos da atuação do profissional nutricionista, transição epidemiológica, educação e seus parâmetros, novos conceitos de saúde, trabalhos em parcerias (saúde e educação) e promoção alimentação saudável. Deste modo, a educação nutricional sendo priorizada no ensino fundamental evidenciada como uma política pública premente, contribuirá para prevenção e promoção a saúde reduzindo agravos a saúde.
The promotion of health in the school environment becomes a practice of great relevance taking students to healthy practices, externalizing adult life and diffusing thematic, in this way will reduce numerically the cases of Chronic Non communicable Diseases (DCNT). This work aims to defend the insertion of food and nutrition in the national curricular parameters for elementary education, such as health promotion and prevention of diseases and fiber, carbohydrates and protein, being a healthy and nutritious snack alternative. The present study carried out surveys of the professional nutritionist, epidemiological transition, education and its parameters, new concepts of health, work in partnerships (health and education) and promotion of healthy eating. Thus, nutritional education being prioritized in elementary education evidenced as a pressing public policy, will contribute to prevention and promotion of health reducing health problems.
Rationale of the levels of intensity and differentiated cost of labor costs of doctors in the hospital
Authors: Zabolotny Dmitry I. , Samohodskiy Viktor M.
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Due to the fact that Ukraine has not formally established tariffs for medical services and their complexity factors and the doctor’s remuneration system continues to exist on the basis of the “equalization” principle, we propose a scientifically based mechanism for determining the rate of labor intensity of hospital doctors and adequate the level of increase salary in accordance with the DRG.
The purpose of the study: Because of, the level of labor of residents of the inpatient departments of the inpatient department of health facilities of the II and III levels is not the same, then based on the analysis of the number of treated patients in accordance with the DRG, the degree of complexity of the disease, their score, determine the level of labor intensity of doctors and real the size of their wages.
Materials and methods: Based on the recommendations of the doctoral dissertation and a number of innovative medical and economic standards, analysis of a significant number of otolaryngologicalpatients, the use of the CSG, DRG system, the distribution of patients with a degree of complexity, their score, the algorithm for applying the above organizational standards, criteria and standards, and the use of timing. The technology of determining the individual level of the doctor’s labor intensity factors and an adequate level of its material stimulation has been developed.
Results: Recommended technologies for using the aforementioned prerequisites, the need to create appropriate computer programs to simplify the analysis of individual doctors' work results, using the formulas presented in the article made it possible to determine both the degree of workload for a doctor and the level of possible increase in his salary.
Conclusions: The algorithm for determining the coefficient of labor intensity of doctors and the mechanism for calculating the real cost of their labor in the treatment of specific patients of varying degrees of complexity can be used as a technological matrix for doctors of other medical specialties, in the future it will increase the material incentives of the latter at least to the level of family doctors.
Comparison of diagnostic parameters of methods for determination of sensitization to allergen D. pteronyssinus in patients with respiratory allergic diseases
Authors: Bogomolov Artemy Ye. , Dubchak Lyudmila I.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic parameters of various methods for determining allergy sensitization to the dust mite allergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with respiratory allergic diseases – allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.
Materials and methods: During the study, 88 patients with allergic rhinitis and / or atopic asthma were examined with three different methods of specific allergic diagnosis (in vivo and in vitro) according to the recommendations of the ethics committee of the Pirogov Vinnitsa National Medical University, all of which were out of acute period. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (both intermittent and persistent) and / or atopic asthma. The prick-test was conducted according to the classic test method by normative documents with commercial allergen extracts. Western blots for the determination of IgE levels were performed using RIDA AllergyScreen test systems (R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany) and Euroline (Euroimmun).
Results and discussion: The results of two systems for the determination of specific IgE to D. Pteronyssinus by the Rida AllergyScreen and Euroline methods have a systematic difference of values (-1.27 kU / l).
There is a good agreement between the results of skin testing with D. Pteronyssinus allergens and the detection of specific IgE by the Rida AllergyScreen method, and there is a satisfactory agreement between the results of skin testing with D. Pteronyssinus allergens and detection of specific IgE by the Euroline method.
According to the results of the curve of detection of specific IgE by AllergyScreen method for determination of sensitization to allergen D. Pteronyssinus has excellent diagnostic significance (AUC=0,953), detection of specific IgE by Euroline method for determination of sensitization to allergen D. Pteronyssinus – good AUC=0,7.
Features of objective audiometry tests and their diagnostic value in the research of hearing in children
Authors: Karimova N.A. , Islomov Sh.D. , Amonov Sh.E.
Published: March 2020

The article highlights the features of the conduct and interpretation of data on audiological tests at the children in order to identify the degree, type and level of damage of the auditory disorders. According to a survey of 121 children with a diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss, it was confirmed that using a complex algorithm of audiological tests such as OAE, DPOAE, BERA and ASSR in hearing diagnosis of the children allows to obtain more accurate and detailed information and avoid possible errors in determining various forms of hearing disorders.
Malignant tumors of the pharynx: etiological factors and epidemiological indicators in Ukraine
Authors: Lukach Erwin V. , Sambur Marina B. , Fedorenko Zoya P. , Serezhko Yuri O.
Published: March 2020

The authors analyze the epidemiological indicators of morbidity, mortality, age structure, relative number of patients detecting during prophylactic examination and contingent of patients with malignant neoplasms (MN) of the throat in Ukraine and regions according to the Bulletin of National Cancer Registry of Ukraine in 2014-2018.
The highest incidence rate per 100,000 population in the regions of Ukraine was found in Transcarpathian (both sexes – 9.6; males – 17.9; females – 2.0), Kirovograd (8.8; 16.9; 1.9) and Khmelnitsky (7.7; 15.9; 0.7) regions.
Very low rates of detection of patients with MN of the throat as a whole in Ukraine were observed at the prophylactic examinations: in 2015 – 10.0%, in 2016 – 11.0%.
Annually in Ukraine, about 44.0% of patients with visually detectable cancer of the pharynx die within 1 year of diagnosis
The mortality rate of patients with MN of the throat in 2017 per 100 thousand population of Ukraine is twice higher (4.5) than the world standard (2.0).
The etiological factors that cause cancer and the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) of high oncogenic risk (16; 18 and other types) in the carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the throat are considered.
The data on genetic factors, features of gene mutation, clinical course, treatment and prognosis in patients with HPV-associated and HPV-negative malignancies of the pharynx are presented.
For the prevention of pharyngeal cancer in Ukraine, the feasibility of immunization of children and young women aged 9-25 years with vaccines against HPV "Cervarix" and "Gardasil" is discussed.
The authors have proposed suggestions for the early detection and improvement of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with pharyngeal throat.
Chronic pharyngitis, a condition of a problem. An algorithm for the diagnosis of chronic pharyngitis of an allergic nature
Authors: Pukhlik Sergey M. , Suvorkina Alisa A.
Published: March 2020

The article describes the status of the problem of chronic pharyngitis – the lack of modern etiopathogenetic
classification, subjective review approach to diagnosis, etc. The role of allergic inflammation in the formation of
chronic pharyngitis was evaluated and the diagnostic algorithm was proposed.
A perda da aura e a politização da arte em Walter Benjamin
Authors: Fonseca Marcelo
Published: March 2020

No presente artigo reflete-se acerca da emergência de uma nova política da arte decorrente da perda da aura na arte reprodutiva, propugnada por Walter Benjamin. Jacques Lacan é aproximado para interpretar o núcleo do que aqui se entende como desdobramento político da perda da aura, a saber, a emergência de sujeito.
Abjeção e erotismo como procedimentos críticos em trabalhos pós-neoconcretos de Lygia Pape
Authors: Pequeno Fernanda
Published: March 2020

O artigo propõe uma investigação de quatro obras de Lygia Pape -- Caixa das baratas, Caixa das formigas, Eat mee a série Objetos da sedução --, analisando suas temáticas críticas em consonância com os conceitos de abjeção e erotismo. Interessa-nos pensar de que maneira esses trabalhos produzidos posteriormente ao neoconcretismo propõem matrizes historiográficas que extrapolam o legado construtivo.
12 imagens guardadas: Procedimento jogo - conexões entre artista, instituição e público
Authors: Tasca Fabíola
Published: March 2020

O texto apresenta o projeto 12 imagens guardadas: procedimento jogo, em curso desde 2001, procurando situá-lo em relação ao horizonte problemático da crítica institucional. Estruturado nos moldes de um jogo, o projeto discute conexões entre artista, instituição e público enquanto trama constituinte da obra de arte, propondo dinâmicas de endereçamento balizadas por dispositivos contratuais.
Parte 2: Acredito que um artista está vitalmente comprometido com seu trabalho, por isso vive em estado de arte
Authors: Baltar Brígida
Published: March 2020

Entrevista de Brígida Baltar a ArteEnsaios -- com participação de Elisa de Magalhães, Ivair Reinaldim, Juliana de Paulo, Lara Ovídio, Ricardo Basbaum e Wilton Montenegro -- na residência da artista, em Copacabana, em 13 de maio de 2017.
Evaluation of Vibration Analysis to Assess Bone Mineral Density in Children
Authors: Razaghi Hajar , Saatchi Reza , Bishop Nick. J. , Burke Derek , Offiah Amaka C.
Published: March 2020

The effectiveness of vibration analysis to assess bone mineral density (BMD) in children with suspected reduction in bone density was studied. A system was designed that measured the ulna's vibration responses in vivo. The system was evaluated on the ulnae of 48 children (mean age=12.0, std=3.5 years), 31 of whom had been confirmed to have osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). All ch ildren had dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan as part of their routine clinical care and vibration analysis was pe rformed on t he same day. Frequency spectra of the ulnae's vibration responses were obtained and processed by principal component analysis. Four main principal components were selected and together with age, sex and right hand ulna's length were used in a regression analysis to estimate BMD. Regression analysis was repeated using the children's leave-one-out and partitioni ng methods. The percentage similarity and correlation between the DXA-derived and vibration analysis estimated BMDs using the leave-one-out were 80.34% and 0.59 and for partitioning were 74.2% and 0.64 respectively. There was correlation between vibration analysis BMD readings a nd those derived from DXA however a larger study will be needed to better establish the extent to which vibration analysis can assist in assessing bone density in clinical environments.
Depressariidae (Lepidoptera) of the Russian Altai Mountains: new species, new records and updated checklist
Authors: Buchner Peter , Šumpich Jan
Published: March 2020

Records of Depressariidae species collected in the Altai Republic (Russia) in 2014–2019 are presented. Agonopterix kyzyltashensis sp. nov., A. ustjuzhanini sp. nov., and Depressaria paraleucocephala sp. nov. are described as new for science. Depressaria leucocephala Snellen, 1884 is deleted from the list of Altaic Depressariidae due its previous confusion with D. paraleucocephala sp. nov. Agonopterix rimulella (Caradja, 1920) sp. restit. is removed from synonymy with Agonopterix liturosa (Haworth, 1811). Exaeretia fuscogriseella Hannemann, 1990 syn. nov. is synonymised with E. indubitatella (Hannemann, 1971). Agonopterix feruliphila Millière, 1866 syn. nov. is transferred from synonymy with Agonopterix thapsiella (Zeller, 1847) to synonymy with Agonopterix adspersella (Kollar, 1832). Provisional list of related taxa of the Agonopterix adspersella group is given. Within Russian fauna, Depressaria altaica Zeller, 1854 was presented only from the Altai Republic, namely because the type specimens were recorded in the Altai. However, type locality is the Kazakh Altai, and D. altaica should be removed from checklist of the Altai Republic. At the same time, we present the first reliable records of D. altaica from southern Ural as a new species for Russia. The first reliable record of Agonopterix putridella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) for Russia is presented. Exaeretia allisella Stainton, 1849, Agonopterix anticella (Erschoff, 1877), Agonopterix bipunctosa (Curtis, 1850), Agonopterix rimulella, Depressaria sibirella Lvovsky, 1981, D. falkovitshi Lvovsky, 1990, D. libanotidella Schläger, 1848, and D. fuscovirgatella Hannemann, 1967 are new for the Altai Republic. In addition, Exaeretia mongolicella (Christoph, 1882) was found as new for the Tuva Republic. In total, 36 species of the studied family are known from the Altai Republic to date. Figures of all species new for the Altai Republic and the Tuva Republic are presented. Newly described species are figured in detail including their genitalia.
The Rhizomatic Trajectory of Ecocriticism
Authors: Oppermann Serpil
Published: March 2020

Key words: rhizomatic trajectory, third wave, postmodern ecocriticism, Deleuze and Guattari, interconnected approaches, ecocritical heterogeneity, multiplicity of theories  In its third wave, ecocriticism has become multicultural and transnational, and expanded rapidly in terms of epistemological positions and interpretive methods. Its very multiple directions and methodological and theoretical plurality may appear problematic. However, ecocritical theory and practice are not arbitrary or ‘ambivalently open’, but rather pursue a trajectory summed up by Deleuze and Guattari in the image of the rhizome. The quintessentially postmodern concept of the rhizome as an acentred, non-hierarchical system operating by variation and alliance permits us to recognise a cultivated kind of growth where others have seen only disciplinary crisis.  Palabras clave: trayectoria rizomática, tercera oleada, ecocrítica posmoderna, Deleuze y Guattari, enfoques interconectados, heterogeneidad ecocrítica, multiplicidad de teorías  En esta tercera oleada, la ecocrítica se ha vuelto multicultural y transnacional, y se ha expandido rápidamente en lo que respecta a posiciones epistemológicas y a métodos interpretativos. Sus múltiples direcciones y su pluralidad metodológica y teórica pueden parecer problemáticas. Sin embargo, la teoría y prácticas ecocríticas no son arbitrarias o “abiertas de forma ambivalente”, sino que más bien continúan una trayectoria que Deleuze y Guattari han resumido en la imagen del rizoma. El concepto postmodernista por excelencia del rizoma es un sistema no-jerárquico y sin centro que se rige por la variedad y la alianza y que nos permite reconocer un tipo de crecimiento cultivado donde otros sólo han visto una crisis disciplinaria.