Carriers of polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes CAT ‐21 (A>T; rs7943316), SOD‐1 ‐251 (rs2070424) and SOD‐2 (rs4880) present a better response on cardiovascular risk indicators after a dietary intervention
Authors: Hernández Cesar , Chávez Paulina Hernández , Carriedo Alicia Parra , Lopez Diana Juagardo , Del Alto Silvia Ramirez , Lizaur Ana Pérez 
Published: November 2023

The present study aimed to assess the response of individuals with obesity to a dietary intervention in function of their genotypes of the SNPs: CAT ‐262 (C>T; rs21001179) CAT ‐21 (A>T; rs7943316), SOD‐1 ‐251 (rs2070424) and SOD‐2 (rs4880). The study included 62 women with obesity from whom the obesity grades I, II and III included 20, 18 and 24 individuals, respectively. People previously diagnosed with diabetes and with smoking habits were excluded from the study and physical activity was controlled.

Anthropometrical, biochemical and clinical indicators including visceral fat, BMI, blood pressure, HDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides concentration were assessed. Genotypes for the mentioned enzymes were detected using a polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method. The mutated alleles in carries included mutated homozygous plus heterozygous. The differences between groups were assessed by the Kruskal Wallis ANOVA. The association between the polymorphisms, obesity and parameters was assessed by Mann‐Whitney test.

The dietary intervention included an energy restriction of 500 kcal, with a nutrient distribution of 45% carbohydrates, 20% protein and 25% fat with a fiber intake of at least 25 g/day. Eighty percent of the patients claimed to present an adherence to the dietary intervention of at least 75%. All individuals were assessed every week and had face‐to‐face appointments with the dietitians. As part of the intervention offered the dietitians called the patients twice per week to monitor the advances, identify possible barriers and motivate them.

There was a significant difference in all assessed parameters (visceral fat, BMI, blood pressure, HDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides) between the baseline and after the intervention as the individuals showed a positive response to the dietary plan (p <0.001). When the individuals were stratified based on their genotype of the four polymorphisms studied here, overall the carriers had a better response in comparison to the wild‐type participants. As three out of four statistically significant differences identified showed that having a variant allele was associated with a better response to the dietary intervention.

For the case of BMI, individuals with a mutated genotype for SOD‐2 (rs4880) showed a mean in the change of values between before and after the intervention of −2.7 kg/m2 compared to −1.5 kg/m2 for wild‐type (p <0.05). As the carriers of SOD‐1 ‐251 (rs2070424) had a meaningful greater response in lowering the triglycerides concentration −17 mg/dl compared to −1.9 mg/dl for the case of non‐carriers (p <0.05). When cholesterol was assessed the results showed that for CAT ‐21 (A>T; rs7943316) the carriers lowered their values −23 mg/dl while the wild‐type individuals only by −4.5 mg/dl (p <0.05). Regarding visceral fat, individuals with wild‐type for SOD‐2 (rs4880) presented a better response compared to carriers (−11 vs 6.3 cm3) (p <0.05).

Support or Funding Information

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de Mexico