bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criação de um equipamento de proteção individual para profissionais da saúde: projeto, desenvolvimento e análise de mercado
Authors: De Medeiros Marcelo Lemos
Published: June 2023

As empresas interagem em um mercado competitivo, no qual a disputa pela preferência dos clientes está cada vez mais acirrada. Trabalhar na redução de custos operacionais, investir em campanhas publicitárias, estabelecer estratégias de fidelização de clientes e implantação de programas de qualidade tem sido algumas das medidas adotadas pelas empresas para se manterem competitivas no mercado. Uma alternativa, que se mostra eficaz para a sustentabilidade das organizações no longo prazo, é o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Nesse contexto, o Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP) é uma opção viável que busca facilitar o lançamento no mercado de produtos de qualidade no menor tempo possível. Dessa forma, foi realizado um ensaio que aplicasse uma metodologia no desenvolvimento de um produto inovador e de baixa complexidade tecnológica. O produto desenvolvido consistiu em um Equipamento de Proteção Individual (EPI) que sugere permitir o reencape de agulhas de seringas descartáveis de forma segura e prática. Tal produto possui caráter inovador e apresentou eficiência na resolução do problema ao qual foi proposto.
The Service Quality Level of Higher Educational Organizations: An Institutional Strengthening Based View
Authors: Nawi Rusdin
Published: July 2023

The development of education aims to improve the quality of educational services in order to escalate the satisfaction of every user of educational services, particularly the students and the educational outcome generally. In doing so, the improvement of the quality of the educational services providers, e.g. higher education, must be carried out properly by both the government and private organizations. However, this study finds in the literature, that there are less studies explains the service quality inside higher educational institutions with the approach of institutional strengthening to disclose the influence of institutional strengthening on service quality of higher educational institutions, particularly, the institutions from developing countries. As such, the objective of this study is constructed through the emphasis on the role of institutional strengthening on the quality and of public educational service, especially the higher educational public institutions. This study applies quantitative method through the questionnaire distributions and statistical measurement approach. Using the simple random sampling, eventually, this study obtains 93 returned questionnaires that meet the requirement to be tested statistically further. As theoretical implication, this study finds that institutional strengthening plays a significant role on service quality development. This study also recommends a constructive guideline for business owners, especially SMEs to enhance their marketing strategy as for the managerial contribution.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Chrysophyllum albidum Collected in Nsukka, South East Nigeria
Authors: Cyril Adonu, , Ibeabuchi Ali, , Romanus Omeh,
Published: July 2023

Background: Chrysophyllum albidum is widely used by African people for the treatment of various types of diseases such as ear infection, sore throat, typhoid, cellulites, septicaemia, bactericemia, abscesses and tooth infections.

Aim: The study was conducted to investigate the chemical components and antibacterial activity of the extract and fractions from the root bark of Chrysophyllum albidum from Nsukka, South-east Nigeria.

Methodology: The fresh roots were collected, washed, cut into small pieces, air dried and pulverized to powder using mechanical grinder. Extraction and fractionation were done by cold maceration method and technique of liquid–liquid extraction respectively. The phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract and, n-hexane, butanol, aqueous and ethylacetate fractions of the plant part was carried out using standard method. The antibacterial activities were determined using cup-plate agar diffusion and agar dilution methods.

Results: The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, reducing sugar and cardiac glycosides. The inhibition zone diameter (IZD) produced by the agents against some selected Gram positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram negative bacteria (GNB) pathogens ranged from 6 – 25  mm and  6 – 12 mm respectively. The MIC and MBC values produced by the extract and fractions of the plant’s part against the GPB ranged from 1.25 – 40 mg/ml and 5 – 80 mg/ml respectively Many of the GNB were not sensitive to the agents tested except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp that exhibited mild to moderate sensitivity to the agents.

Conclusion: These agents, therefore, exhibited a potent antibacterial activity against all the GPB and a few GNB pathogens tested due to their potent phytochemicals. The results of this work have corroborated the trado-medical use of root of Chrysophyllum albidum for treating ear infection, sore throat, typhoid, cellulites, septicaemia, bactericemia, boils  and  tooth infection/decay.
Identification of Superior Genotypes for Yield and Quality in Multiplier Onion
Authors: Jeevitha D. , Umesh B. C. , Shashidhar T. R. , Patil Laxmi
Published: July 2023

Background: Multiplier onion is one of the most important crops of Tamil Nadu. It is having lot of health benefits like anti-inflammatory, anti cholesterol, anticancer and antioxidant properties, lowering the toxigenicity of oils. It also shows chemo preventive effects and lowers down the risk of effect on gastric cancer. Considering the importance of multiplier onion an attempt was made to evaluate the multiplier onion genotypes to identify the best yielding genotype.

Methods: Seven genotypes of multiplier onion (Allium cepa var aggregatum) were evaluated under Northern transitional zone of Karnataka at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad both during Kharif and Rabi for yield and quality parameters.

Results: The outcome of the experiment revealed that over the seasons, the genotype MP16-24 was registered highest total yield (167.86 q/ha), marketable yield (160.41q/ha), TSS (15.41), average bulb weight (4.64g)and less number of bolters, low infestation of thrips (7.83) and purple blotch (7.66). Therefore, the genotype MP 16-24 can be commercially grown under Dharwad conditions during both Kharif and Rabi because of its favorable characters.
Proficiency Level and Challenges in Economics of Grade 10 Students in Selected Public Schools in Central Philippines
Authors: Quirao Zarla D. , Bual Joel M. , Madrigal Dennis V.
Published: June 2023

Aims: This paper assessed the level of proficiency in Economics of Grade 10 students in selected public schools in the Philippines during the school year 2022 in the areas of basic concepts of Economics, microeconomics, macroeconomics, and sectors of the economy and its policies when taken as a whole and grouped according to sex and grades. It also identified the challenges encountered by students in learning Economics. Lastly, it determined the difference in their proficiency level in Economics when grouped into demographics.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among Grade 10 junior high school students in Central Philippines during 2022.

Study Design: The study utilized the quantitative design, particularly the descriptive-comparative approach.

Methodology: The study was responded to by 304 stratified randomly sampled students using a validated and reliability-tested researcher-made test questionnaire and checklist. In assessing the study, it utilized the scale in ascending order: beginning, developing, approaching proficiency, proficiency, and advanced. In data analysis, mean, standard deviation, frequency count, percentage, rank, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal Wallis were used.

Results: Generally, the student's proficiency level in Economics (M=24.25; SD=6.43) was rated as approaching proficiency. The low areas with approaching proficiency ratings that need improvement are microeconomics (M=5.33; SD=2.02), macroeconomics (M=7.58; SD=2.84), and sectors of the economy and its policies (M=3.82; SD=1.71). Regarding the demographics, according to sex, the Economics proficiency of female (M=25.18; SD=6.11) and male (M=23.22; SD=6.64) students was approaching proficiency. Meanwhile, the student's proficiency level with a grade of 90-100 (M=27.02; SD=5.82) was proficient compared to other grades, 85-90 (M= 23.18; SD=6.64), 80-84 (M= 22.05; SD= 5.58), and 75-79 (M=22.17; SD= 3.66) which were approaching proficiency. On the one hand, the findings showed a significant difference in their proficiency level in Economics when grouped according to sex [U=9547.5, p=0.010] and grades in Economics [χ2(3) =31.377, p=0.000]. Lastly, grade 10 students encountered challenges in learning Economics regarding teacher, student, learner environment, resources, facilities, and subject factors.

Conclusion: The findings imply a continuous improvement in instruction and the importance of programs and activities that encourage acquiring and developing proficiency in Economics. With the sustainable improvement in instruction intact, the student's proficiency in Economics is ensured.
Physical Model Tests for Mean Wave Overtopping Discharge of Rubble-mound Structure Covered by Tetrapods: RC/AC = 1 and cota = 1.5 Conditions
Authors: Lee Jong-In , Kim Young-Taek
Published: June 2023

The allowable mean overtopping discharge is used as a design parameter for coastal structures. The crest elevation of coastal structures should ensure the wave overtopping discharge within acceptable limits for structural safety and the safety of pedestrians, vehicles, operations, and so on. In this study, two-dimensional physical model tests on typical rubble-mound structure geometries were performed and the the mean wave overtopping discharges under various water depth and wave conditions were measrued. The various test conditions were applied to the tests with the change of the wave steepness, relative freeboard and relative wave height. An empirical formula from the experimental data was proposed to predict the mean wave overtopping volumes.
Responsabilidade Social Acadêmica e a sua Relação com os Produtos Tecnológicos do Programa PROFNIT/FORTEC
Authors: Schuh André , Takimi Samanta Popow , Dewes Mariana de Freitas
Published: June 2023

O valor que a responsabilidade social acadêmica possui para as Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras ultrapassa a sua retórica. A partir dessa premissa, a pesquisa se desenvolveu e investigou de que forma foi concebida a responsabilidade social do Programa PROFNIT/FORTEC, utilizando-se de uma amostra com 160 Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso, apresentados como pré-requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Propriedade Intelectual e Transferência de Tecnologia para Inovação. Foram analisados o resumo, o método e as conclusões, desse modo, foi identificada nos produtos tecnológicos a presença da responsabilidade social. O resultado que se comprovou é que existe um ganho social, certificado por meio de um selo de autenticidade estabelecido pelo Programa, que assegura a entrega de um produto acadêmico, aplicável no contexto empresarial e com utilidade social, pois este produziu impactos ao mudar comportamentos e as atitudes de pessoas ou organizações que se apropriaram dos produtos tecnológicos desenvolvidos.
Prospecção Tecnológica Voltada para o Agronegócio
Authors: Lucas Fernando , Campos Fred Leite Siqueira
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho é o resultado de uma prospecção tecnológica em banco de dados de patentes, por meio da plataforma de pesquisa PatSeer Pro. O tema envolve o agronegócio, nos aspectos tecnológicos que estão sendo desenvolvidos e aplicados dentro do contexto do Agro 4.0, sendo as tecnologias de interesse da pesquisa aquelas relacionadas com a Internet das Coisas, Inteligência Artificial, big data e aprendizado de máquina. A pesquisa compreendeu uma busca por documentos patentários de ambas as naturezas, a saber: patentes de invenção e modelos de utilidade, sendo a busca definida por palavras-chave e filtro temporal, que, ao final, retornou 591 documentos, os quais compõem um portfólio único e que foi analisado graficamente, trazendo os principais aspectos tecnológicos dentro do campo pesquisado. Do resultado da prospecção tecnológica, é possível identificar que a Índia (IN) vem se destacando no desenvolvimento das tecnologias que se relacionam às palavras-chave utilizadas, obtendo atualmente elevada taxa de crescimento nos depósitos de patentes, inclusive superando a China (CN), maior depositante dentro do campo tecnológico pesquisado. Ademais, dentro do escopo do Agro 4.0, a principal tecnologia em que os depositantes mais buscam por proteção patentária relaciona-se com o Big Data Agrícola.
Medicaid and the Promise for Cure
Authors: Miller Sophie Cain , Dar Mohammad H. , Finnell S. Maria E. , Fish Douglas G. , Cogle Christopher R.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Cell and gene therapies are revolutionizing the treatment landscape for children and adults with rare diseases and can be life-changing for patients and their families. Successful implementation of these new therapies into clinical practice depends on their accessibility and affordability, particularly through publicly funded Medicaid agencies, which cover many children and adults with rare diseases.

Objective

To provide a framework to broadly assess cell and gene therapies, evaluate payment options, and ensure equitable access through the lens of publicly funded Medicaid programs.

Evidence Review

This review draws on peer-reviewed articles, federal reports, and other relevant publications as well as the expertise of chief medical officers and medical directors of state Medicaid agencies across 5 diverse states.

Findings

Twenty-nine articles and other references provide the foundation for this review. The recommendations presented focus on thoughtful implementation of cell and gene therapies, including policy recommendations in the domains of safety, effectiveness, population health, access, and budget.

Conclusions and Relevance

Proposed health care policy changes are intended to balance innovation, affordability, and equitable access for children and adults with rare diseases.
Environmental Risk Factors for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Through the Lens of Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Kim Youngmin , Koopman Jacob J. E. , Choi May , Feldman Candace H. , Costenbader Karen H.
Published: January 2025

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a serious multisystem autoimmune disease, marked by alarming sociodemographic inequities. In the United States and around the world, social disadvantage is strongly tied to higher prevalence, more severe disease, and poorer outcomes. A growing list of environmental exposures that contribute to the risk and incidence of SLE have been investigated, and many are now established. However, these environmental exposures—including exposure to air pollution and other contaminants, lifestyle and behavioral factors, and psychologic stress and distress—are not evenly distributed in any population. Individuals of lower socioeconomic status and historically minoritized groups suffer from an imbalanced burden of adverse environmental exposures. In research, clinical practice, and policy making, the strong association of social determinants of health (SDoH) with these exposures has not been given adequate spotlight. In this narrative review, we examine known associations between environmental exposures and SLE risk through the lens of SDoH, laying the foundation for future research and policies to target the environmental risk factors for SLE with awareness of the populations disproportionately affected and the contributing SDoH.
Understanding Cardiovascular Events With JAK Inhibitors: Tofacitinib Reduces Synovial and Vascular Inflammation but not the Prothrombotic Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on Endothelium
Authors: Zavoriti Aliki , Miossec Pierre
Published: January 2025

Objective

Inflammation drives cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Treatment with tofacitinib, a JAK1/JAK3 inhibitor, is associated with increased cardiovascular events in patients with RA. Here, we determined its effects on cytokine production during interactions between immune cells at the synovial and vascular levels and its impact on endothelial activation and coagulation during inflammation.

Methods

Activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cocultured with RA synoviocytes or endothelial cells (ECs) mimicking the cellular interactions in synovium and vessels responsible for cytokine production. A dose‐response of tofacitinib was tested on interferon γ, interleukin (IL) 17A, IL‐10, IL‐6, and IL‐1β, and cytokine production was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at 48 hours. Endothelial activation was induced with IL‐17A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or on contact with PBMCs. Shortly after tofacitinib treatment, the expression of EC activation markers, specifically IL‐6, IL‐8, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), and E‐selectin, and of coagulation, including tissue factor and thrombomodulin, was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Tofacitinib differentially inhibited production of IFNɣ, IL‐17A, and IL‐10 from PBMC cocultures with RA synoviocytes or ECs (all P < 0.001). In cocultures with ECs, tofacitinib reduced further IL‐6 and IL‐8 production (both P < 0.001). In ECs activated by TNF/IL‐17A or indirectly via contact with activated PBMCs, tofacitinib decreased IL‐6 upregulation but not that of IL‐8, E‐selectin, or tissue factor. Thrombomodulin was significantly decreased. VCAM‐1 was greatly induced with a higher dose of tofacitinib in ECs incubated directly with added inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05) or released by interaction with activated PBMCs (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Tofacitinib inhibits synovium and vascular inflammation but fails to prevent the prothrombotic effects of inflammatory cytokines on ECs.
Magnetic Properties, Heat Generation, and Apatite Formation Ability of Mg‐Ti Ferrite Particles Synthesized by Solid‐State Reaction and Polymerized Complex Methods
Authors: Miyazaki Toshiki , Miyamoto Juna , Nakamura Jin , Usuki Soichiro , Yokoi Taishi , Kawashita Masakazu
Published: January 2025

Titanium‐doped ferrite has garnered significant interest as thermoseeds for cancer hyperthermia because of its controllable Curie point near body temperature, which prevents overheating and ensures high biological safety. However, few studies examine the effect of the synthesis conditions on microstructure, magnetic properties, and heat generation in an alternating magnetic field. Herein, Mg1+xFe2−2xTixO4 (x = 0.35, 0.45) particles are synthesized by a solid‐state reaction and polymerized complex methods, followed by sintering at various temperatures. Their magnetic properties and heat generation behavior in an alternating magnetic field are investigated. Particles with x = 0.45 generate significantly less heat than those with x = 0.35, despite both being single‐phase ferrite. Particles synthesized by the polymerized complex method at a sintering temperature of 1200 °C exhibit lower saturation magnetization but higher temperature increases compared with the solid‐state reaction method. Additionally, in the sintering temperature range of 800–1000 °C, a temperature increase of more than 10 °C is observed in the polymerized complex method, likely a result of the inclusion of highly crystalline superparamagnetic particles. Furthermore, the ferrite particles form bone‐like apatite on their surface in simulated body fluid, suggesting their potential as a novel material combining hyperthermia and bone integration properties.
Enhanced Near‐Infrared Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Stability Improvement of Air‐Processed Pure Black‐Phase Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Films
Authors: Yang Jun , Zeng Xin , Meng Zhen , Liu Hongfang , Pi Mingyu , Huang Yexiong , Li Shuaiqi , Yang Jie , Yu Peng , Liu Xinfeng , Fu Shencheng , Zhang Dingke
Published: January 2025

Formamidine lead halide perovskite material is regarded as a competitive candidate for light amplification and lasers due to its ideal bandgap range and excellent optical properties. The formamidinium perovskites undergo a cubic‐to‐hexagonal transition in humid conditions, leading to the formation of yellow δ‐phase FAPbI3, which degrades laser device performance and stability. To address this, we propose using methylamine formate (MAFa) as an ionic liquid solvent for stable black‐phase α‐FAPbI3 perovskite films. Compared to traditional N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent (FAPI‐DMF), FAPI‐MF films show improved ASE performance with lower threshold and higher gain under nanosecond laser excitation. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) and transient absorption (TA) spectra reveal higher exciton binding energy (72.9 meV) and longer optical gain lifetime for FAPI‐MF films, attributed to the vertical arrangement of lead iodide in nano‐sized ion channels that promote α‐FAPbI3 formation. The FAPI‐MF films also exhibit excellent photostability, thermal stability, and resistance to humidity, ensuring continuous laser and long‐term stability. This work extends the perovskite family’s spectral range from visible to near‐infrared light, offering a color‐tunable emitter with broad applications, including chemical analysis, biomedical research, and food safety testing.
Hierarchical rGO‐Based Triboelectric Sensors Enable Motion Monitoring and Trajectory Tracking
Authors: Liu Sheng , Qing Weiming , Zhang Jiacheng , Liao Sihua , Wang Qiong , Wei Kexiang , Yan Wenyuan , Zhao Linchuan , Zou Hongxiang
Published: January 2025

Flexible sensors are increasingly recognized for their transformative potential in wearable electronic devices, medical monitoring, and human‐computer interaction. Despite the advancements, developing a flexible sensor array with a simple structure and large area preparation for effective signal sensing and monitoring capabilities remains challenging. In this study, a hierarchical rGO‐based flexible triboelectric sensor (HG‐FTS) is scalably prepared by a simple blade‐coating approach, in which the nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheet is hierarchically deposited in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer. The flexible triboelectric sensor performed in single electrode mode not only demonstrates exceptional reliability and consistency but also achieves a maximum voltage of ≈129 V and a power density of ≈0.5 W m−2. These characteristics enable the real‐time monitoring of human physiological signals and joint motion with high fidelity. Furthermore, an intelligent human‐computer interactive control system is developed using the HG‐FTS, featuring a digital array touch screen with a rectangular pattern. The build system can be successfully used for pressure sensing, object shape recognition, and trajectory tracking. This work provides a viable solution to the large area preparation and high‐performance flexible sensor manufacturing and demonstrates the potential application of HG‐FTS in human‐computer interaction, signal monitoring, and intelligent sensing.
Enhancing Selectivity of Two‐Dimensional Materials‐Based Gas Sensors
Authors: Yang Jiefu , Sun Ruijia , Bao Xuan , Liu Juanjuan , Ng Jun Wen , Tang Bijun , Liu Zheng
Published: January 2025

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for gas sensing applications due to their exceptional electrical, structural, and chemical properties, which enable high sensitivity and rapid response to gas molecules. However, despite their potential, 2D material‐based gas sensors face a significant challenge in achieving adequate selectivity, as many sensors respond similarly to multiple gases, leading to cross‐sensitivity and inaccurate detection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements for improving the selectivity of 2D gas sensors. It explores material modification strategies, such as functionalizing the sensing components and tuning adsorption dynamics, to enhance selective gas interactions. Engineering approaches, including field‐effect modulation and sensor array design, are also discussed as effective methods to fine‐tune sensor performance. Additionally, the integration of machine learning (ML) algorithms is highlighted for their potential to differentiate among multiple analytes. Prospects for further improving selectivity through material optimization, sensor calibration, and drift compensation are explored, along with the incorporation of smart sensing systems into the Internet of Things (IoT). This review outlines key objectives and strategies that pave the way for next‐generation gas sensors with enhanced selectivity, reliability, and versatility, poised to impact a wide range of applications from environmental monitoring to industrial safety.
Phase‐Transfer Catalyst for Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries Based on Bidirectional Coordination Catalysis: 2‐Aminopyridine
Authors: Huang Mengyao , Wang Nan , Xie Mengran , Fu Yaning , Li Zhongjun , Lu Youcai , Liu Qingchao
Published: January 2025

Li‐O2 batteries are considered promising candidates for next generation high energy storage systems due to their exceptionally theoretical energy density. However, the accumulation of insulating discharge product Li2O2 leads to severe cathode passivation, reduced conductivity, and hindered charge transfer, which seriously compromise the battery performance. This work proposes a novel phase‐transfer catalyst with bidirectional coordination functionality, 2‐aminopyridine (AP). The AP molecule contains a nucleophilic pyridine nitrogen and an electrophilic amino hydrogen, which can interact with Li+ and reactive oxygen intermediates through electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding, respectively. This dual interaction facilitates the liquid‐phase deposition of Li2O2 while enabling efficient product decomposition. The uneven electrostatic potential distribution within the AP molecule generates an internal electric field that stabilizes reduced oxygen species, shields against nucleophilic attacks, and suppresses Li+ deposition at the anode tips, effectively preventing lithium dendrite growth. Therefore, Li‐O2 batteries with AP exhibit an exceptionally high discharge capacity of 36419 mAh g−1, a significantly reduced charge over‐potential of 0.29 V, and an extended cycle life exceeding 2256 h. Through functional molecular structure design, the bidirectional coordination catalytic effect demonstrated by AP molecules effectively regulates the migration and interaction of substances during reactions, significantly improves the electrochemical performance of Li‐O2 batteries.
Adaptable, Dynamic, and Superhydrophobic Standing‐Fiber Surface with Muti‐Level Energy Barrier for Anti‐Icing
Authors: Lyu Pei , Shi Wenwen , Liu Yuemei , Ding Rui , Hu Jun , Shang Bin , Pan Heng , Ren Jie , Liu Xin , Xu Weilin
Published: January 2025

Passive deicing technologies achieved by dynamic superhydrophobic surfaces and slippery substances contribute to widely used anti‐icing. However, the constant status of microstructures cannot cater to the changing environment, meanwhile, the energy barrier needs to be improved. Here, a dynamic superhydrophobic standing‐fiber surface with a three‐level energy barrier is fabricated by electrical flocking technology, which directly utilizes the wind field to assist anti‐icing. The standing‐fiber surface has low ice adhesion of 2.7 kPa, a high water contact angle of 171.1°, and a long icing delay time of 859 s under −30 °C. The superhydrophobicity contributes to excellent water repellency with a droplet retracting and bouncing distance of 3.53 and 3.75 mm. In the wind field at 9 ms−1, the inclined standing‐fiber surface theoretically accelerates the motion of the water droplet by 1.5 times compared with the lying‐fiber surface. The difference in thermal conductivity between the front and back sides of the standing‐fiber surface makes it an ideal candidate for designing anti‐icing, deicing, and thermal insulation clothes.
Amorphous Ga2O3 Semiconductor: A New Solution for Robust X‐Ray Dosimeters
Authors: Shao Hang , Zou Jiahao , Liang Huili , Zhu Rui , Zhang Yonghui , Zhan Xiaozhi , Zhu Tao , Zhang Jihua , Li Yuan , Zhang Guangyu , Mei Zengxia
Published: January 2025

As most commonly used miniature solid‐state dosimeter, metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) have been facing unavoidable gate leakage and robustness problems due to the double‐sided role of traps in oxide insulators. Herein, a new solution for X‐ray dosimeter has been proposed which leverages the conductivity change of amorphous Ga2O3 (a‐Ga2O3) channel instead of charge trapping in oxide insulators. Increasingly negatively‐shifted threshold voltage (Vth) of a‐Ga2O3 thin‐film transistor is recorded together with almost unchanged subthreshold swing (SS) and field‐effect mobility (µFE) after X‐ray irradiations. X‐ray‐induced‐variation of oxygen vacancy (VO) related defects in a‐Ga2O3 is revealed after a combined investigation of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements, contributing to the indicative Vth shift related with X‐ray dosage. A functional recovery is realized through an annealing process in air condition, showing the high reliability of a‐Ga2O3 semiconductor. Moreover, the unique merit of no need for power supply during X‐ray irradiations, beneficial from the slow neutralization rate of ionized VO related defects, imparts an offline working capability to the dosimeter. This work provides a potential strategy to monitor X‐ray dosage via utilizing the X‐ray‐induced change of amorphous oxide semiconductor conductivity, hence addressing the reliability and repeatability issues in present MOSFET devices.
Multiscale Mechanical Study of Proanthocyanidins for Recovering Residual Stress in Decellularized Blood Vessels
Authors: Han Yibo , Liu Shuaiyuan , Ochieng Ben Omondi , Gu Yuanrui , Kong Lingwen , Wang Guixue , Ye Zhiyi
Published: January 2025

Decellularized artificial blood vessels prepared using physical and chemical methods often exhibit limitations, including poor mechanical performance, susceptibility to inflammation and calcification, and reduced patency. Cross‐linking techniques can enhance the stiffness, as well as anti‐inflammatory and anti‐calcification properties of decellularized vessels. However, conventional cross‐linking methods fail to effectively alleviate residual stress post‐decellularization, which significantly impacts the patency and vascular remodeling following the implantation of artificial vessels. This study enhances vascular residual stress through varied conditions of proanthocyanidin (PC) cross‐linking on decellularized vessels. Microstructural analysis and mechanical investigations across various scales of fresh, decellularized, and residual stress‐recovered vessels are performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and uniaxial tensile testing. Results demonstrate substantial alterations in the morphology of elastic and collagen fibers post‐decellularization, which remarkably resemble fresh vessels following residual stress recovery. Furthermore, both the micro‐ and macro‐mechanical characteristics of vessels post‐residual stress recovery, including Young's modulus, viscoelasticity, and adhesion, closely resemble those of fresh vessels. Finite element modeling (FEM) confirms the distribution of residual stress and its role in enhancing vascular mechanical integrity. This experimental investigation provides a theoretical foundation at both micro and macroscopic levels for the development of biomimetic blood vessels.
Phytochlorin‐Based Sonosensitizers Combined with Free‐Field Ultrasound for Immune‐Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Liu , Cao Lei , Shao Kun , Su Jiangan , Li Guangzhe , Wang Chao , Li Qing , Sun Jing , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai , Zhao Weijie
Published: January 2025

Phytochlorins, a class of plant‐derived tetrapyrroles, show great potential as sonosensitizers in sonodynamic therapy (SDT). The development of new phytochlorin‐based sonosensitizers has significantly improved SDT, yet the absence of specialized sonodynamic systems limits their clinical translation. Herein, a dedicated ultrasound system along with a detailed step‐by‐step sonodynamic process from in vitro to in vivo is developed to activate phytochlorin‐based sonosensitizers. Compared to standing‐wave ultrasound, free‐field ultrasound maintains stable acoustic pressure amplitudes and minimizes mechanical damage to cell membranes. In vitro experiments demonstrate that free‐field ultrasound effectively activates naturally occurring phytochlorin, reducing the cavitation threshold for reactive oxygen species production and triggering immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, the intravenously injectable phytochlorin‐based sonosensitizer (C34) enhances sonodynamic efficiency by reducing interfacial tension. Driven by in vivo free‐field ultrasound, C34 effectively inhibits tumor growth in an orthotopic murine breast cancer model and elicits an immune response, preventing tumor metastasis. The reliable protocol provided by the free‐field ultrasound system facilitates the activation of phytochlorin‐based sonosensitizers while simultaneously stimulating the immune system, highlighting the potential of immune‐sonodynamic therapy.
High‐Efficiency Intrinsically Thermoplastic Semiconducting Polymer with Excellent Strain‐Tolerance Capacity for Flexible Ultra‐Deep‐Blue Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ni Mingjian , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Zheng Yingying , Yang Jing , Sun Lili , Xu Zhenhua , An Xiang , Wang Shengjie , Cai Jiangli , Bai Lubing , Xie Guohua , Xu Man , Lin Jinyi , Wu Yutong , Huang Wei
Published: January 2025

Complex internal stresses that appear in flexible thin‐film electronic devices under long‐term deformation operation are associated with incompatible mechanical properties of the multiple layers, which potentially cause intralayer fracture and separation. These defects may result in device instability, performance loss, and failure. Herein, a thermoplastic functional strategy is proposed for manufacturing high‐performance stretchable semiconducting polymers with excellent strain‐tolerance capacities for flexible electronic devices. Internal plasticization is used to obtain a thermoplastic light‐emitting polymer (N2) that can suppress intralayer tensile fracture and compressive separation to enhance the deformation stability of flexible thin‐film optoelectronic devices, enabling outstanding energy dissipation capacity under stress. The thermoplastic films exhibit stable and efficient ultra‐deep‐blue emission with a high efficiency of ≈90% and chromaticity coordinates of (0.16, 0.04). Moreover, the N2‐based rigid and flexible polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) exhibit stable ultra‐deep‐blue electroluminescence properties with high EQEs of ≈2.4% and 1.9%, respectively. Compared with devices based on brittle PODPF, flexible PLEDs based on thermoplastic films effectively suppress performance degradation after hundreds of cycles of bending fatigue, even under extremely rigid conditions. Introducing intrinsically thermoplastic semiconducting polymers in flexible electronic devices can thus substantially enhance their operational stability under deformation.
Self‐Adaptive Dielectrics with Tunable Nonlinear Electrical Conductivity via Virus‐Like Structures Composed of Metal Particles
Authors: Zhang Daoming , Xie Congzhen , Xu Huasong , Zhong An , Zhou Jiangang , Bi Chunhui , Gou Bin , Cai Hangchuan , Wang Rui
Published: January 2025

Self‐adaptive dielectrics (SADs), with the characteristics of rapid charge dissipation in electric field distortion, is regarded as the future material for package insulation of advanced electronic devices. The current landscape of SADs is incapable to achieve tunable nonlinear electrical conductivity and threshold field strength due to the inherent Schottky barrier, significantly limiting the application scenarios of SADs. Here, a strategy is reported to construct a stepped Schottky barrier through virus‐like structures, which are composed of subminiature metal particles and semiconductor microspheres. It is found that the metal particles can serve as the capture center to attract the free charge in the matrix, precisely instructing the charge transfer pathway. The barriers between metal particles and semiconductor filler, flexibly controlled by the composition of metal particles, endow with extra source of nonlinear conductivity. Under the optimal composition and size of metal particles, SADs exhibit prominent nonlinear electrical conductivity and reliable adaptive charge release characteristics under pulsed electric field. The work pioneers a breakthrough by overcoming the constraint that SADs are previously limited to the inherent Schottky barrier of semiconductor materials and enabling the unprecedented controllability and flexibility of nonlinear electrical characteristics by metal particles, contributing a distinctive perspective to the development of SADs.
An Analysis of Components and Enhancement Strategies for Advancing Memristive Neural Networks
Authors: Park Hyungjun , Han Joon‐Kyu , Yim Seongpil , Shin Dong Hoon , Park Tae Won , Woo Kyung Seok , Lee Soo Hyung , Cho Jae Min , Kim Hyun Wook , Park Taegyun , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: January 2025

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and big data have highlighted the limitations of traditional von Neumann architectures, such as excessive power consumption and limited performance improvement with increasing parameter numbers. These challenges are significant for edge devices requiring higher energy and area efficiency. Recently, many reports on memristor‐based neural networks (Mem‐NN) using resistive switching memory have shown efficient computing performance with a low power requirement. Even further performance optimization can be made using engineering resistive switching mechanisms. Nevertheless, systematic reviews that address the circuit‐to‐material aspects of Mem‐NNs, including their dedicated algorithms, remain limited. This review first categorizes the memristor‐based neural networks into three components: pre‐processing units, processing units, and learning algorithms. Then, the optimization methods to improve integration and operational reliability are discussed across materials, devices, circuits, and algorithms for each component. Furthermore, the review compares recent advancements in chip‐level neuromorphic hardware with conventional systems, including graphic processing units. The ongoing challenges and future directions in the field are discussed, highlighting the research to enhance the functionality and reliability of Mem‐NNs.
Unraveling 3d Transition Metal (Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, V) Ions Migration in Layered Oxide Cathodes: A Pathway to Superior Li‐Ion and Na‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: He Shengnan , Zhang Rui , Han Xi , Zhou Yufa , Zheng Chao , Li Chenchen , Xue Xu , Chen Yanjun , Wu Zhijun , Gan Jiantuo , She Liaona , Qi Fulai , Liu Yanxia , Zhang Mingchang , Du Wubin , Jiang Yinzhu , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge
Published: January 2025

Li‐ion and Na‐ion batteries are promising systems for powering electric vehicles and grid storage. Layered 3d transition metal oxides AxTMO2 (A = Li, Na; TM = 3d transition metals; 0 < x ≤ 2) have drawn extensive attention as cathode materials due to their exceptional energy densities. However, they suffer from several technical challenges caused by crystal structure degradation associated with TM ions migration, such as poor cycling stability, inferior rate capability, significant voltage hysteresis, and serious voltage decay. Aiming to tackle these challenges, this review provides an in‐depth discussion and comprehensive understanding of the TM ions migration behaviors in AxTMO2. First, the key thermodynamics and kinetics that impact TM ions migration are discussed, covering ionic radius, electronic configuration, crystal structure arrangement, and migration energy barrier. In particular, details are provided regarding the universal and specific migration characteristics of Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, and V ions in layered cathode materials. Subsequently, the impacts of these migrations on electrochemical performance are emphasized in terms of the fundamental science behind technical issues, and strategies to modulate TM ions migration for advanced cathode materials development are summarized. Besides, characterization techniques for probing the TM ions migration are present, like neutron diffraction (ND), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and others. Finally, future directions in this regard are comprehensively concluded. This review offers valuable insights into the basic design of advanced layered oxide cathode materials for Li‐ion and Na‐ion batteries.
2‐Aminoindoles and 2‐Iminoindolines as Viable Precursors of Indole‐Fused Nitrogenated Polyheterocycles
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of architecturally complex polyheterocyclic structures embedding the indole ring represents a growing field of interest. Carbolines and their partially dehydro derivatives, pyrazinoindoles, indoloindoles, azepinoindoles and other medium‐sized derivatives are only some examples of indole‐containing polycyclic compounds featured by enhanced pharmacological and photophysical properties. Among various synthetic protocols to prepare these important target compounds those based on the utilization of 2‐aminoindoles and 2‐iminoindolines are gaining increasing interest because of the ease of their preparation. The presence of a couple of reactive sites in these derivatives is instrumental for the assembling of polyheterocyclic structures exploiting single step operations featured by efficient cascade or tandem processes. Several of these methods employ catalyzed reactions which can be developed for the asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure compounds. This review provides an up‐to‐date report on the currently available methods for the synthesis of 2‐aminoindoles and 2‐iminoindolines and their application to the preparation of polyheterocyclic derivatives.
Simultaneous Selective and Quantitative Sensing of Diclofenac and Metoprolol via Electrical Conductance of Two Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels
Authors: Tsianaka Anastasia , Fichtel Kimberly , Tovar Günter E.M. , Southan Alexander
Published: January 2025

Hydrogels containing functional groups are highly interesting for sensor applications as they can change their physical properties by interaction with their environment. In this study, it is demonstrated that by monitoring the conductance of two different functional hydrogels, the concentrations of two different drugs in aqueous solution can be selectively and quantitatively measured simultaneously based on non‐specific interactions. Detailed characterization of the competitive drug adsorption on the hydrogels allows the description of both hydrogel conductances as a function of the drug concentrations based on physical models. The result is a system of non‐linear equations that can be solved for the drug concentrations. The different affinities and conductance responses of the hydrogels for the two drugs is a prerequisite, which is usually achieved with different materials. This approach is demonstrated with hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol), functionalized with the ionic monomers [2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (AETA) and 3‐sulfopropyl acrylate potassium salt (SPA), and the drugs diclofenac and metoprolol. The hydrogel conductance is found to be linear with drug concentration in the hydrogels, which in turn is described by a non‐linear Langmuir‐type competitive adsorption isotherm. The proposed approach thus shows potential for future studies on more complex mixtures by including a larger variety of functional hydrogels.
Unseen Threats: The Long‐term Impact of PET‐Microplastics on Development of Male Reproductive Over a Lifetime
Authors: Jeong Seungjin , Lee GyuDae , Park Surye , Son Myeongjoo , Lee Seungjun , Ryu Bomi
Published: January 2025

The physical abrasion of plastics from simple everyday entered the food chain, with associated risks recently emphasized. Although many studies have reported the adverse effects of microplastics (MPs) on human, the reproductive implications of continuous exposure to physically abraded polyethylene terephthalate (PET)‐MPs remain unexplored. Ingestion of physically abraded PET‐MPs (size range: 50–100 µm) in mice from 5 to 34 weeks of age at an annual intake relevant dose of MPs (5 mg week−1) significantly impaired male reproductive function. Reductions in seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height are observed (p < 0.0001), with 32.2% decrease in Leydig cells and 24.3% reduction in testosterone levels (p < 0.05). The epididymis shows marked deterioration in all regions, with total sperm concentration significantly reduce from 17.0 × 10⁶ to 5.3 × 10⁶ (p < 0.01) and decrease motility. Transcriptome analysis demonstrates downregulation of genes related with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone secretion, testosterone biosynthesis, and Meiosin gene, which is for crucial spermatogenesis. Continuous ingestion of physically abraded PET‐MPs from plastic bottles adversely affected testicular and epididymal functions, leading to hormonal imbalances and abnormal sperm production. These findings raise concerns about the impact of commonly used plastics on male reproductive development, highlighting potential risks for future generations.
TIA1‐Mediated Stress Granules Promote the Neuroinflammation and Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Upregulating IL‐31RA Signaling
Authors: Hua Xin , Jin Lingting , Fang Zheyu , Weng Yiyun , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Jingjing , Xie Dewei , Tang Yang , Guo Siyu , Huang Yingying , Dai Yilin , Li Jia , Huang Zhihui , Zhang Xu
Published: January 2025

The dysfunction of stress granules (SGs) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, with T cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) being a key component of SGs. However, the role and mechanism of TIA1‐mediated SGs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) remain unclear. In this study, upregulation of TIA1, its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and co‐localization with G3BP1 (a marker of SGs) are observed in the spinal cord neurons of EAE mice. Deletion of TIA1 in the CNS alleviates neuroinflammation, suppresses demyelination and axonal damage, and reduces neuronal loss in EAE mice. Furthermore, alleviation of autophagy dysfunction and reduction of chronic persistent SGs are observed in Tia1Nestin‐CKO EAE mice. Mechanistically, IL‐31RA levels are decreased in Tia1Nestin‐CKO EAE mice, which inhibit the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway associated with IL‐31RA, thereby enhancing autophagy and suppressing the NF‐κB signaling pathway, further alleviating EAE symptoms. Knockdown of TIA1 in primary neurons and N2a cells treated with sodium arsenite also reduces the formation of SGs. These findings reveal an unrecognized role of TIA1‐mediated SGs in promoting neuroinflammation and demyelination, offering novel therapeutic targets for MS.