bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bays International Private Limited: Evolving Through Market Dynamics
Authors: Farooqui Saad Jamal , Qureshi Jawaid , Zeeshan Madiha , Soomro Kamran Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Bays International was incorporated in 1996. Over the years it faced numerous challenges including: high employee turnover (particulary saleforce), limited expansion capabilities, low penetration in semi-urban markets, high operating expenses like rentals, increasing duties (on luxury products), low cash-flows, low budgets for advertising and marketing as compared to competitors, less awareness amongst consumers, volatile consumer preferences (especially by millennial), weak brands’ loyalties, counterfeits/fake products, smuggling and infiltration from grey channels, high number of foreign and local chains entering the market, price war especially with local chains, and uncertain political situation. Four interviews were conducted from management and two interviews from ex employees. Moreover, a lot of open access documents of the company were reviewed. Pertinent literature reveiew also revealed interesting insights about emerging consumer trends and cosmetic industry along with interviews of some marketing directors of leading global brands. The Bays leadership believes that key parameters are improving over time. The case covers how the company maneuvered itself since its inception and launched numerous other brands targeted towards different segments of the society, in order to steer towards growth in changing internal and external environment. The case is based on a scenario when there is yet another increase of taxes by the government in 2019 and presents troublesome situations to branding cum marketing strategy for the company to consider.
Using Augmented Reality for Teaching Chemistry
Authors: Alam Fawad , Iqbal Khurram , Sattar Muhammad Zeeshan , Nazir Sajid
Published: January 2021

Different technologies have been implemented in the educational sector to improve the method of teaching and learning. Augmented reality is one of the most trending technologies in the f ield of computer graphics and is used in different departments, especially in education as a smart learning environment. Augmented Reality (AR) technology has effective potential that enhances and replaces the old way of learning into a new digitized smart learning environment by converting the school books into a virtual 3D environment containing experiments and object having animation, which helps students extracting and absorbing complex concepts in less amount of time. AR is a computer vision-based technology that works by tracking the surrounding using a smartphone camera and then superimposing virtual 3D objects into the real world. Capabilities of Augmented Reality make classes more engaging, collaborative, and interactive. Studying may not be every student's cup of tea but with the help of smart learn- ing environment school lessons become much more interesting, interactive, and fun to learn. This research gives a brief insight that the interactive AR chem- istry application may lead the students to grasp diff icult concepts of chemistry more easily in an entertaining and engaging ways.
Challenges of Pakistani Pharmaceutical Industry: Pakistan Case
Authors: Ahmed Kazi Afaq , Chandani Seema
Published: January 2021

The population of Pakistan is fast growing and the need for supply of medicine will continue to increase. The local pharmaceutical market is growing at a faster pace as compared with the international market. Until 1990, the reliance on the supply of medicine to cater to the national demand was on multinational companies holding major market share. Thereafter, the national pharmaceutical companies started investing to improve the quality of their product lines, employing qualif ied professionals, and ensuring compliance with the global standard of quality and good manufacturing practices. Consequently, national com- panies' market share drastically increased and the national demand for medicine is locally produced. The study results based on interviews of key stakeholders and available literature revealed that the local pharmaceutical sector is facing critical challenges of counterfeit medicine, pricing controversies, affordability of the medicine, lack of Research and Development (R&D) initiatives, and unethical marketing (bribing/cash incentives to the doctors). The Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) seems ineffective to overcome these challenges, eliminate counterfeit medicines, and take measures to curb the unethical marketing practices that are risking patient life, health, and treatment cost. The study further explored that unethical marketing practices, and prescribing expensive brands by doctors, creates a serious conflict of interests and fast a decline in patient trust and affordability of medicine cost. Thus strong regulatory controls,transparency, moral and ethical values are needed to enforce drug acts and make the stakeholder's groups accountable. There is a need to punish both the companies bribing the doctors on the pretext of product promotion and doctors accepting such benef its to protect the patient's interest and limit treatment cost. Strict regulations and incentive plans for the pharmaceutical sector are needed to promote Research and Development (R&D).
Analysis of client satisfaction - A case of customers’ containment availing services from Micro Finance Institutions
Authors: Veesar Ghulam Yaseen , Hassan Masood , Ahmed Fayaz , Muzammil Rehan
Published: January 2021

The financial well-being of the people living in society is pivotal essential for the country's economic development. The distribution and access to wealth played important role in the economic activities of states. Micro-financing strategies utilized globally to promote distribution and circulation of money, increase access of people living in the low quintile of economic status to the wealth. Similar to global trends, the microfinance strategy was introduced, which is a rapidly growing sector in Pakistan for the last few decades. There are more than 45 registered micro-finance institutions (both for-profit and not-for-profit) that provide services to people at the low-income level in Pakistan. The current study analyzed the level of client satisfaction between private, public, and non-government organization Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) operating at District Hyderabad of Sindh, Pakistan. The sample size of 300 clients receiving services from these MFIs, data collected by using random sampling technique on the instrument Likert Scale ranged from 1-5. The collected data processed through scientific methods factorial analysis, customer satisfaction index, and ANOVA. The results of the study presented that clients of non-government MFI are more satisfied as compared to public and private MFIs, male clients are more content to female, changes in family size and education change the level of client satisfaction, where age and monthly household income do not affect client satisfaction. In light of the study, it is recommended for MFIs to initiate client-centric policies especially in the public sector focus on the client glee in the response of services. In the micro-finance industry, female clients are the backbone; it is highly recommended to keep them in the center of attention during the development of policies to increase satisfaction levels.
Laboratory study of stilling basin using trapezoidal bed elements
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Thair J.M. , Al-Mansori Nassrin J.H. , Othman Nariman Y.
Published: January 2021

When designing dam spillway structures, the most significant consideration is the energy dissipation arrangements. Different varieties of baffle blocks and stilling basins have been used in this context. However, the hydraulic jump form of stilling basin is considered to be the most suitable. The main objective of this research was to introduce four different baffle block shapes (models arranged from A to D, installed at slopes 0.00, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 in the stilling basins). To illustrate the consequences for the qualities of pressure-driven bounce, each model was attempted in the bowl. The trials applied Froude numbers between 6.5 and 9.2. The puzzle square model D provided the best outcomes compared to the models A, B, C and smooth. Model D with different models at inclines 0.00, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 was used to consider the impacts of perplex hinders on water driven-bounce when bed slants were changed. When the model D baffle used instead of a smooth bed at 0.08 slope, the reduction in y2 / y1 reached 12.8%, and Lj / y1 was 18.9%. Among the different bed slopes, a normal decrease in y2 / y1 ranged from approximately 10.3%, whereas the normal decrease in Lj / y1 was about 13.8% when the model D baffle was used instead of the model A baffle with a horizontal slope bed of 0.00. The results show that the new shapes led to a decrease in sequent profundity proportion and length of jump proportion; however, the energy dissipation proportion increased.
Preliminary investigations of rocks and soil at the lower reach of Al-Shor Wadi for water harvesting
Authors: Salim Q. Al-Naqib  , Ali M Sulaiman  , Kotayba T. Al-Youzbakey
Published: January 2021

The last four decades weather forecasting data marks the precipitation declination and increase dry years, in addition to the desertification migration on the west and northwestern Mosul city. This led to studying the Al-Shor Wadi area to try to make use of the karstic spring water flow through it and to harvest the rainfall flow water. These need to select the best site to construct a dam taking into consideration the geological and geotechnical characteristics of both dam site and lake behind. The dam site appears to be appropriate relying on the large thickness and frequencies of the marl bed, the restriction of gypsum bed thicknesses and frequencies as well as, of the approximate nill karstification.
Płyty kołowe Hencky’ego–Bolle’a spoczywające na podłożu sprężystym Własowa
Authors: Nagirniak Mykola
Published: January 2021

The work presents the equations of the theory of symmetrical plates, resting on one-way, single-layer, two-parameter Vlasov’s subsoil. Two cases of differential equation solution of the plate deflection of thin and medium thickness on the ground substrate were analyzed depending on the size of the integral characteristics UÖD and 6ÖD. The example of loading the circular plate with a Pk load evenly distributed over the edge was considered and shows dimensionless graphs of deflection, bending torques and transverse forces in the plate and in the ground subsoil. The effect of the Poisson’s coefficient of the plate on deflection values and cross-sectional forces was investigated. The Poisson’s number has been shown to have a significant influence on deflection values and bending torque, however shown negligible effect on transverse forces values.
Określenie charakteru i wartości ryzyka prac geodezyjnych
z zastosowaniem logiki rozmytej
Authors: Kowacka Magdalena , Skorupka Dariusz , Duchaczek Artur , Dudziak-Gajowiak Dominika , Waniewska Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Artykuł jest kontynuacją
cyklu prac nad metodą analizy ryzyka prac
geodezyjnych w przedsięwzięciach budowy
dróg. W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie
logiki rozmytej do określenia charakteru
i wartości ryzyka prac geodezyjnych na
podstawie bazy reguł oraz funkcji przynależności podanych przez ekspertów. Uzasadnione jest to tym, iż problem występowania
geodezyjnych czynników ryzyka w pracach
budowy dróg nie jest deterministyczny.
W pracach tego typu występuje wiele niepewności w określaniu wartości czasu ich trwania
w dłuższym okresie. Metodę przedstawiono
w postaci teoretycznej wraz z przykładem jej
zastosowania. Zaprezentowano również zestawienie wyników badań w formie porównawczej w odniesieniu do wcześniejszych
publikacji wykorzystujących inne narzędzia
badawcze.
Estimate the probability density function of maximum
temperature for the Middle East
Authors: Al-Ataby Iqbal K. , Al-Tmimi Amani I.
Published: January 2021

Pollution is one reasons for increase temperature which leads to increase the heat waves which have large socioeconomic and healthy impacts on Middle East. By using monthly daily mean of maximum temperature (C°) at height (2m) covered middle east as a grid of (1581) points for selected months (March, April, May) represent spring and (Jun, July, August) represent Summer for the period 1979 to2018, from the ECMWF, model ERA-interim. Many PDFs have been proposed in recent past, but in present study Logistic, Rayleigh and Gamma distribution are used to describe the characteristics of maximum temperature. This paper attempts to determine the best fitted probability distribution of maximum temperature. To check the accuracy of the predicted data using theoretical probability distributions the goodness of fit criteria Z-test used in this paper. According to the goodness-of-fit criteria and from the graphical comparisons it can be said that Logistic distribution provides the best fit for the observed monthly daily mean of maximum temperature data.
Developing Jati Kudus Terminal into a sustainable transportation infrastructure in Indonesia using the green concept
Authors: Sedayu Agung
Published: January 2021

The Jati Kudus Terminal, which plays an important role as a public transportation node on the North Coast of Java Island, has experienced a continual decline in performance and service. This study aims to determine the effect of green terminal concept variables in the Jati Kudus Terminal using the multiple linear regression methods with SPSS 23. Data collection tool in the form of questionnaires distributed to respondents, namely terminal users who know the development of the Jati Kudus terminal every day. The perception data used in the analysis is the level of interest and satisfaction with the service and performance of the Jati Kudus terminal. The evaluation of terminal performance refers to the regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Transportation No. 132 of 2015 on the operation of the road transport passenger terminals. The green concept of terminal buildings and facilities refers to the Green Building Council of Indonesia. The results showed that the variable of transportation service reliability, ticketing, and travel costs have the highest and lowest average scores based on user importance and satisfaction, respectively. The other variables include Security guarantee and freedom from criminal acts; Safety and health guarantee and freedom from accidents; Responsiveness of the terminal manager in providing services; Availability and capacity of supporting facilities; Architectural aesthetics within and outside the buildings; Ease of obtaining general travel information; Affordability and accessibility in and out of the terminal; The density of people and vehicles in the terminal area; Comfort, regularity, and cleanliness; and Application of environmentally friendly concepts on terminal and transportation facilities. Therefore, managers of the Jati Kudus terminal need to repair and improve their services according to these 12 variables. The implementation of the green concept can develop Jati Kudus terminal into a green terminal in Indonesia that serves as a node of sustainable and environmentally friendly public transportation.
Evaluation of biological activities of two essential oils as a safe environmental bioinsecticides: case of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis
Authors: Ainane Ayoub , Abdoul-Latif Fatouma M. , Abdoul-Latif Talal M. , Ainane Tarik
Published: January 2021

All works of this article were conducted to investigate chemical composition and insecticidal and antimicrobial properties of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation of its aerial parts. Analysis of the essential oils on the basis of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/FID and GC/MS) revealed the presence of 82 organic volatiles representing 98.63% of the total constituents of Eucalyptus globulus and the presence of 45 organic volatiles representing 98.53% of the total constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis. The major compounds for Eucalyptus globulus were estragole (28.14%), terpinolene (7.12%), 1,4-hexadiene-5-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene) (7.01%), linalool (5.54%) and furfural (4.66%) and for Rosmarinus officinalis were (-)-camphor (31.16%) and ß-caryophyllene (18.55%), 3,4-dimethyl-(Z,Z)-2,4-Hexadiene (9.08%), ?-fenchene (4.67%), cis-verbenone (4.33%) and Bornyl acetate (3.4%). The efficacy of the two essential oils was evaluated on the insect pests Sitophilus granarius of wheat and was remarkable with lethal doses of 50% tending towards 1 µL·cm–3. The broth microdilution method as a complementary test was conducted to test the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, further for the two oils of shows promising activity against all strains.
IMPLEMENTASI SENSOR INFRA MERAH DENGAN JARINGAN NIRKABEL UNTUK SISTEM PEMANTUAN BLOWER KANDANG AYAM
Authors: Pranata Mega
Published: January 2021

Sebagian kandang ayam semi closed-house menggunakan mesin diesel sebagai tenaga penggerak blower. Terjadi permasalahan dimana blower berhenti namun mesin diesel masih dalam keadaan menyala. Penjaga kandang mengira blower masih berputar, namun ternyata blower mati. Blower yang mati menyebabkan suhu kandang menjadi tinggi. Permasalahan tersebut menyebabkan kematian hingga 1500 ekor ayam. Sensor E18-D80NK digunakan sebagia pemantua kondisi blower. Data diolah oleh Arduino dan dikirimkan melalui jaringan nirkabel dengan modul NRF24L01. Kondisi blower dalam kandang diterima di ruang penjaga dan dipantau oleh penjaga kandang. Dari hasil pembuatan sistem, sistem dapat mengirimkan informasi tentang keadaan blower dengan tepat. Kondisi blower dapat terpantau dan apabila tiba – tiba blower berhenti, penjaga akan segera mengetahui kondisi tersebut. Dengan terpantaunya kondisi blower, maka kondisi lingkungan kandang lebih terkontrol. Untuk perbaikan sistem selanjutnya, bisa dibuat pengaman sensor untuk melindungi sensor dari debu.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI SATGAS GOTONG ROYONG (SI GARONG) DESA ADAT BERBASIS MOBILE
Authors: Seputra Ketut Agus , Sandiasa Gede
Published: January 2021

Pandemi Covid 19 telah dinyatakan Pemerintah Indonesia sebagai Bencana Nasional, oleh karena itu diperlukan partisipasi semua pihak dalam upaya melaksanakan pencegahan dan penanganan bencana ini. Bali sebagai salah satu tujuan wisata mancanegara wajib memastikan masyarakatnya untuk taat pada protokol penanganan dan pencegahan Covid. Dalam kesatuan masyarakat dan mencakup wilayah yang terkecil, maka desa sebagai ujung tombak pelayanan pemerintah harus mengambil peran yang penting dalam kegiatan ini. Melalui lembaga Desa Adat, Pemerintah Provinsi Bali menggunakan kearifan lokal dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat Bali dan lembaganya untuk terlibat aktif dalam kegiatan pencegahan dan penanggulangan, serta mengatasi dampak Covid 19. Demikian pula Desa Adat Sangket sebagai sebuah organisasi adat dan keagamaan ikut mengambil peran penting dalam penanganan kegiatan pencegahan Covid 19 melalui pembentukan Satuan Tugas (SATGAS) Gotong Royong Pencegahan Covid Desa Adat. Melalui pengembangan Sistem Informasi Satgas Gotong Royong (SI Garong) Covid 19 berbasis mobile diharapkan dapat membantu kinerja satgas, serta meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam upaya penanganan dan pencegahan Covid 19. Sistem Informasi dikembangkan cross-platform menggunakan framework flutter. Seluruh fitur dalam aplikasi telah diuji dan dinyatakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna.
PENGEMBANGAN GAME EDUKASI PEMBIAKAN LELE MENGGUNAKAN MECHANICS DYNAMICS AESTHETICS (MDA) FRAMEWORK
Authors: Kholimi Ali Sofyan , Prasetiyono Sugeng , Husniah Lailatul
Published: January 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara beriklim tropis dengan sebagian besar wilayahnya merupakan perairan. Potensi alam ini memberikan kesempatan besar pada Indonesia untuk mensuplai ikan, baik ikan air laut maupun ikan air tawar, ke dalam pasar internasional. Kenaikan produksi budidaya ikan dalam kolam air tawar cukup pesat yaitu berkisar 11 persen setiap tahun dan salah satu ikan air tawar yang populer untuk dibudidayakan adalah Lele. Naiknya tren perikanan budidaya di dunia juga mengakibatkan naiknya permintaan pelatihan budidaya ikan air tawar beserta media-media pelatihannya. Salah satu media pelatihan yang banyak digunakan di dalam pelatihan adalah buku dan video. Namun, Buku dan video memiliki kekurangan dalam hal interaksi aktif antara pengguna kedua media tersebut dan medianya. Game merupakan salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran selain buku dan video yang memiliki kelebihan dalam hal interaksi dengan penggunanya dibandingkan dengan buku dan video. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengimplementasikan pembelajaran budidaya ikan Lele dalam sebuah game. Budidaya ikan Lele dipilih karena berdasarkan laporan Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) memiliki pangsa pasar terbesar untuk pasar ikan air tawar. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan game manajemen ikan Lele ini adalah Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthethics (MDA) Framework. Pengujian dengan menggunakan GameFlow Test menunjukkan rata-rata skor nilai sebesar 3.36 (67.2%) yang berarti bahwa hasil implementasi game ini bisa diterima dengan baik oleh pemain.
Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Program Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Potensi Sumber Pangan (Studi Pada Kelompok Wanita Tani di Kota Bandar Lampung)
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Pratiwi Anita , Tresiana Novita ,   Universitas Lampung, Prihantika Ita ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: January 2021

Food shortages is an issue that has imposes the community because it has to get food needs at a high price. To overcome the food shortages, every country needs to do the development potential food security to ensure the availability of sufficient, nutritious, and balanced food potential. The fulfillment of food can be done by utilizing the potential of existing land through the Sustainable Food House Area Program (KRPL). This study attempted to know groups of women farmers’ empowerment success through the Sustainable Food House Area Program and to know the supporting factors and inhibitory factors in the implementation of the Sustainable Food House Area Program.
Transformasi Manajemen Badan Usaha Milik Negara di Era Persaingan Global (Studi Pada PT. Pos Indonesia, Kota Metro Tahun 2019)
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Marbun Imantri , Ma'arif Syamsul ,   Universitas Lampung, Atika Dewie Brima ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: January 2021

Management transformation is a change in form, nature, function, which focuses on the use of resources effectively and efficiently in achieving organizational goals. Tight competition globally and nationally, especially in the field of logistics delivery, makes PT. POS Indonesia creates transformation, so that it can compete competitively and improve public services as a SOEs. This study aims to describe and analyze the transformation of the POS Indonesia office, especially the Metro POS office, so that it can become a reference for the transformation and management strategies carried out by PT. POS Indonesia. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, documentation, and observation. The focus of this research is the transformation of the management of the Metro Post Office and the causes of the failure of the transformation of Metro POS Office Management. The latest findings in this study are reveals, strategies of transformation and bureaucratic ineffectiveness that are too long, centralized decisions, innovations that are not fast, change is not holistic. It is hoped that this research can become a reference for science and become a consideration in decision making, for the object of research, namely the Metro POS Office to be able to continue to compete.
Manajemen Aset Pemerintah Daerah (Studi Tentang Manajemen Aset Kendaraan Dinas Berdasarkan Permendagri Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 pada Biro Perlengkapan Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2019)
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Maharani Rizka Ananda , Utoyo Bambang ,   Universitas Lampung, Sulistio Eko Budi ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: January 2021

Asset management or asset management is very important for the smooth running of government tasks. In this study, the problems studied were how the planning, procurement, utilization and removal processes, safeguarding maintenance and deletion as well as inhibiting factors in asset management of official vehicles at the Equipment Bureau. The results of this study generally show that the Equipment Bureau as an assistant to managing goods is already good at running duties by following the procedures in Permendagri Number 19 of 2016. Judging from the planning process that takes into account the real needs of each OPD, the procurement process is transparent and competes fairly according to the principles of procurement, the process of using utilization in determining the status of use, the security process in the form of physical, administrative, legal and maintenance process in the form of evaluation of OPD goods maintenance reports. Finally, the deletion process is in the form of deleting official vehicle data from the list of items. The existence of inhibiting factors in the form of a tiered bureaucratic system, lack of coordination with OPD parties and lack of IT expert human resources are problems in the administrative process of recording assets.
International Students' Acculturation and Adjustment to College: Suggestions for Turkey
Authors: CAN Nesime
Published: January 2021

The international student population is increasing gradually around the world as a result, international students require more attention in terms of their adjustment needs and acculturation experiences. Developed and developing countries' approaches to addressing international student adjustment needs can be different, yet regardless of the country's development status, colleges accept international students. Therefore, a greater understanding of acculturation and adjustment to college issues of international students is needed to provide optimal support for these students. To address this need, the first purpose of this article is determined as providing an overview of the concept of acculturation and its relation to international student college adjustment issues. Second, studies conducted with international students in Turkey reviewed and some conflicted findings were discussed. Third, considering the adjustment needs of international students in Turkey, practical suggestions presented for university policymakers, academics, advisors, as well as college employees working with international students such as counselors from university counseling centers.
Students' Views on the Use of Teaching Strategy Through Invention in Digital Illustration Course and an Application Study
Authors: CANBOLAT Cihan , YILMAZ Meliha
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of the research is to determine the student's views on the use of instructional strategy in digital illustrationcourse through invention and to conduct a practice study. Graphic design courses is limited research on the use of differentteaching strategies in the processing of instruction and the discovery of more math, science in areas such as were used. It isthought that the research is important in this aspect and will contribute to the related literature.Design/Methodology/Approach: In the research, which was carried out with 24 students who took the Digital Illustrationcourse of Kastamonu University Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, Department of Graphics, education was carried out using theteaching strategy through invention. In this study, in which screening research, which is one of the quantitative researchdesigns, was used, the data were collected with a 5-point Likert-type scale and a graded scoring key.Findings: As a result of the research, it was determined that the students were active in the educational environment throughthe invention, and that the information was discovered and learned. As a result of student opinions, it has been concludedthat the instructor guides the students and gives hints to the students during the problems encountered during the designprocess. It was concluded that the teaching strategy through the invention is the method that prepares the students foracquiring new information, the information learned in the lesson is used in different lessons, and it is beneficial for studentsto develop their thinking, problem solving and creativity skills.Highlights: The intensity of the curriculum and the lack of hours made it difficult to implement the teaching strategy. Inaddition, according to the character design evaluation criteria, it was determined that the products designed in the teachingenvironment through invention were sufficient and incomplete.
Epistemic Injustice and Cultural Processes in Education
Authors: GÖKTÜRK Duygun
Published: January 2021

This article provides a framework for understanding social and cultural inequalities in education in the context of cultural processes and epistemic injustice. Insight into the cultural processes and the concept of epistemic injustice direct us to the conceptualization of agency of the actors within the educational domain and the institutionalized relations of domination and recognition. The article employs two cultural processes: identification (stigmatization and racialization) and rationalization (standardization and evaluation) and two epistemic injustice models: testimonial and hermeneutical injustice to understand the production of inequalities and relations of domination in a school setting (Lamont, Beljean and Clair, 2014; Fricker, 2017). This goal is animated by this research question: “How to understand the production of inequalities in a school setting through cultural processes and epistemic injustice?” Taking into account cultural processes and epistemic injustice, this article argues that the literature on education should include diverse epistemic approaches to problematize the ways of the transmission of structural inequalities in society to education and how these inequality forms are complementary to current practices. The result indicates that cultural processes and epistemic injustice forms should be taken into consideration in understanding the production and maintenance of inequalities in education.
Codependency: An Evaluation in Terms of Depression, Need for Social Approval and Self-Love/Self-Efficacy
Authors: KARAŞAR Burcu
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to investigate pre-service teachers’ depression, needs for social approval and selflove/self-efficacy as the predictors of codependency. It is also aimed in this research to compare depression, need for socialapproval, self-love/self-efficacy and codependency according to various variables.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted on 195 education faculty students (156 females and 39 males) andused the Beck Depression Inventory, the Need for Social Approval Scale, the Spann-Fischer Codependency Scale and the SelfLove/Self-Efficacy Scale to collect data. In the analysis of the collected data, t test, One Way Anova, Pearson Moment-ProductsCorrelation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Analysis were used.Findings: As a result of the analyses, it was found that depression, need for social approval, self-love and self-efficacy variablesexplain 49% of codependency. Depression was found to be the variable making the greatest contribution. Self-efficacy wasfound to be not making any contribution to the model. While gender was found to be leading to no significant difference, theanalyses taking birth order into consideration revealed that the firstborn has higher self-efficacy compared to the others.Conclusions: This research is important in terms of the variables that predict codependency. The findings of the current studyare discussed to shed light for future research on codependency, the need for social approval, depression and self-love/selfefficacy.
Comparison of Primary School English Language Curricula of Turkey and Germany (North RhineWestphalia, Baden Württemberg, Berlin)
Authors: İNCİ Sibel , YILDIZ Sevilay
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Comparison studies are necessary not just for the preparation but also for the successful implementation and revisionof the curriculum. By comparing English language teaching in Germany, which is more successful than Turkey based on theinternational exam results, with English language teaching in Turkey, which has on-going problems for many years, may showthe role of the curriculum in these problems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to take an in-depth look at the primary schoolEnglish language curricula in Turkey and Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia, Baden-Wurttemberg, Berlin) to reveal thesimilarities and differences.Design/Methodology/Approach: Bereday model was used as comparative education model and document analysis was appliedfor analysis in this qualitative study.Findings: As a result, it was observed that language learning strategies and intercultural education do not take place in theprimary school English language curriculum in Turkey whereas in the states of Germany these topics are emphasized; Englishcurricula in the states of Germany have general framework but content is structured in units in Turkey.Conclusions: Program design should be revised to increase teacher autonomy and intercultural and language learningstrategies should be emphasized in the primary school English language curriculum in Turkey.
Keragaan Padi Varietas Inpari 24 dan Varietas Mantap pada Budidaya Berbasis Organik
Authors: Margaret Swisci , Ruskandar Ade
Published: January 2021

Varietas yang dapat beradaptasi dengan perubahan pengelolaan lingkungan budidaya berbasis organik tanpa mempengaruhi produktivitas dan kualitasnya diperlukan untuk mendukung penanaman padi berbasis organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh budidaya padi berbasis organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil varietas Inpari 24 yang merupakan varietas beras fungsional dan varietas Mantap yang merupakan varietas potensi hasil tinggi. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sukamandi Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi (BB Padi) pada bulan Juni hingga September 2019. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan tersarang dimana budidaya padi (berbasis organik dan budidaya eksisting) sebagai petak utama dan varietas (Inpari 24 dan Mantap) sebagai anak petak. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakteristik tanah, pertumbuhan tanaman, hasil dan komponen hasil. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan sebanyak enam ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan budidaya dan varietas. Pengaruh perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan uji t untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan budidaya eksisting, budidaya padi berbasis organik menurunkan kemampuan varietas Inpari 24 dan Mantap untuk tumbuh dan memberikan hasil yang optimal. Penurunan hasil pada varietas padi fungsional Inpari 24 mencapai 53,60%, sedangkan varietas potensi hasil tinggi Mantap mengalami penurunan hasil sebesar 23,43%. Penurunan hasil ini selaras dengan penurunan kemampuan pembentukan anakan dan pembentukan malai, berkurangnya bobot gabah 1000 butir serta kemampuan mempertahankan kehijauan daun bendera hingga panen. Persentase penurunan hasil yang lebih kecil pada varietas Mantap menunjukkan bahwa varietas tersebut lebih beradaptasi terhadap perubahan pengelolaan lingkungan yang terjadi pada budidaya organik.
Keanekaragaman Serangga pada Pertanaman Jagung di Lahan Tadah Hujan Kabupaten Pati-Jawa Tengah
Authors: Kurnia Asep , Harsanti E. Srihayu , Sutraidi Mas Teddy , Hartini Sri
Published: January 2021

Keaneragaman serangga dipengaruhi oleh faktor ketersediaan makanan, ruang dan interaksi antar individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman serangga pada pertanaman jagung di lahan tadah hujan.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey, dimana data yang dikumpulkanmeliputi jumlah dan jenis serangga yang tertangkap yang kemudian dihitung indeks keragamannya.Pengumpulan serangga dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkap cahaya(light trap), perangkap jebakan (pitfall) dan jala ayun (swing net) dimana setiap minggunya pada perangkap lampu dilakukan 3 kali pengamatan, perangkap jebakan dilakukan 2 kali dan  jala ayun dilakukan 5 kali. Percobaan dilakukan di lahan tadah hujan kebun percobaan Jakenan dengan luas lahan berukuran 5000 m2 pada ketinggian 7 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl). Jenis serangga yang dominan pada pengamatan perangkap lampu adalah serangga dari ordo lepidoptera yaitu berupa ngengat, sedangkan pada pengamatan menggunakan perangkap jebakan yang dominan adalah serangga dari golongan hymenoptera atau berupa semut dan lebah. Sementara itu pada pengamatan menggunakan jala ayun serangga yang dominan adalah dari ordo hemiptera atau golongan kepik. Indeks keragaman berada pada kisaran 1<H`<3 yang berarti kategori sedang.
Potensi Mikrob Asal Air Rendaman Limbah Jamur Tiram untuk Menghambat Alternaria solani Sorr. in Vitro dan Penyakit Bercak Cokelat pada Tomat
Authors: Istifadah Noor , Monica Santa , Widiantini Fitri , Hartati Sri
Published: January 2021

Penyakit bercak cokelat yang disebabkan oleh Alternaria solani Sorr. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman tomat. Salah satu cara pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan adalah pengendalian biologi. Bahan organik termasuk limbah jamur tiram merupakan salah satu sumber yang potensial untuk mendapatkan mikrob yang bersifat antagonistik terhadap patogen tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan mikrob dari air rendaman limbah jamur tiram yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Alternaria solani secara in vitro dan menekan penyakit bercak cokelat pada buah dan daun tomat. Percobaan terdiri dari beberapa tahap antara lain isolasi mikrob dari air rendaman limbah jamur tiram, seleksi awal dan uji lanjutan kemampuan isolat mikrob untuk menghambat pertumbuhan A. solani secara in vitro dengan metode dual culture. Isolat hasil seleksi in vitro diuji kemungkinan patogensitasnya pada buah tomat dan isolat non patogenik yang dapat menghambat infeksi A. solani diuji lebih lanjut pada tanaman tomat. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa di antara 23 isolat mikrob yang diperoleh dari air rendaman limbah jamur tiram terdapat delapan isolat yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan A. solani  secara in vitro dengan tingkat penghambatan berkisar antara 70,1% sampai  81,2%.  Pada pengujian di buah tomat, dua isolat jamur berhifa (Rhizopus spp.) bersifat patogenik dan tiga isolat mikrob non patogenik dapat menghambat infeksi A solani pada buah tomat sebesar  78,4% dan 83,7%. Pada percobaan di tanaman tomat, hanya dua isolat (isolat jamur TJ4 dan isolat bakteri TB25) yang dapat menekan penyakit bercak cokelat masing-masing sebesar 54,8% dan 37,9%.
Dinamika Populasi Gulma Akibat Aplikasi Herbisida Metil Metsulfuron pada Padi Sawah Sistem Tanam Pindah (Tapin) dan Tanam Benih Langsung (Tabela)
Authors: Utami Sri , Kurniadie Denny , Widayat Dedi
Published: January 2021

Perubahan jenis, komposisi dan dominasi gulma merupakan masalah yang sering timbul akibat adanya pengendalian gulma, terutama pengendalian gulma menggunakan herbisida. Gulma dapat menjadi lebih berbahaya, sulit dikendalikan dan menjadi resisten jika tidak diatasi dengan baik. Perubahan jenis dan komposisi juga dipengaruhi oleh sistem budidaya tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pergeseran atau perubahan gulma akibat aplikasi herbisida metil metsulfuron pada penanaman padi sistem Tapin dan sistem Tabela. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan split plot yang diulang sebanyak empat kali. Faktor utama adalah sistem tanam dengan dua taraf, yaitu sistem Tabela (T2) dan Tapin (T1). Anak petak adalah penyiangan gulma dengan tiga taraf, yaitu penyiangan menggunakan herbisida metil metsulfuron (H1), penyiangan manual (H2) dan tanpa penyiangan atau kontrol (H3). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa selain perlakuan kontrol pada sistem Tabela (T2H3), dominasi gulma berubah dari gulma golongan daun lebar menjadi gulma golongan teki. Perlakuan herbisida metil metsulfuron sistem Tabela (T2H1) memiliki tingkat kesamaan komunitas gulma yang paling berbeda terhadap Anveg awal dan perlakuan kontrol pada sistem Tapin (T1H3) maupun Tabela (T2H3). Keanekaragaman gulma menurun, terutama pada perlakuan herbisida metil metsulfuron sistem Tabela (T2H1) yang memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman gulma paling rendah dan nilai dominsi paling tinggi.
Analisis molekuler dan Clustering Piramidisasi Gen Tahan Virus Ty-1, Ty-5 dan Ty-6 Pada Populasi BC4F1 Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L)
Authors: Saputra Janwar Eka , Anas Anas , Wicaksana Noladhi
Published: January 2021

Pendekatan pemuliaan ketahanan menggunakan piramidisasi gen tahan virus merupakan upaya dalam menggabungkan gen ketahanan dari tanaman inang atau kerabatnya yang bertanggung jawab dalam adaptasi dan ketahanan terhadap serangan patogen virus. Hal tersebut dapat menjadi peluang yang baik dalam pengembangan ketahanan yang tahan lama terhadap berbagai jenis virus. Persilangan antara tetua tomat yang tidak memiliki gen tahan dan tetua dengan tiga gen ketahanan dilakukan untuk mengembangkan populasi tomat BC4F1. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan gen Ty-1, Ty-5 dan Ty-6 pada populasi tomat BC4F1 dan untuk menganalisis kesamaan genetik antara individu tanaman tomat pada populasi BC4F1. Analisis kekerabatan melalui analisis pengelompokan dilakukan berdasarkan analisis penanda molekuler. Analisis molekuler menunjukkan bahwa 117 genotipe mengandung gen tahan Ty-1, tujuh genotipe dengan gen tahan Ty-5, dan 45 genotipe mengandung gen tahan Ty-6. Analisis klaster menghasilkan tujuh kluster dengan mengukur kesamaan berdasarkan jarak Euclidean. Tujuh puluh satu genotipe dikelompokkan dalam kelompok 1 yang mengandung gen Ty-1, Tiga genotipe yang dikelompokkan dalam klaster 2 yang hanya berisi gen Ty-5, 43 genotipe yang dikelompokkan dalam kelompok 3 yang mengandung gen Ty-1 + Ty-6, dua genotipe yang dikelompokkan dalam kelompok 4 yang terdiri dari gen Ty-1 + Ty-5 , satu genotipe berada di kelompok 7 dari kelompok gen Ty-5 dan Ty-6, satu genotipe berada di klaster 6 yang membawa tiga gen tahan Ty-1 + Ty-5 + Ty-6, dan tiga genotipe tidak memiliki gen tahan di dalam kluster 7. Tujuh kelompok kombinasi gen Ty tersebut dapat menjadi materi tetua atau genotipe harapan bagi pengembangan kegiatan pemuliaan lanjutan selanjutnya.
Induksi Kalus pada Eksplan Daun Muda Tanaman Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Klon Baru Kamajaya dengan Kombinasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh 2,4-D dan Kinetin Secara In Vitro
Authors: Rahmadi Agung , Wicaksana Noladhi , Nurhadi Bambang , Suminar Erni , Pakki Siti Rakhmah Tenrisui , Mubarok Syariful
Published: January 2021

Perbanyakan durian klon baru Kamajaya secara vegetatif dapat dilakukan dengan teknik kultur jaringan sebagai teknik modern untuk konservasi plasma nutfah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi 2,4-D dan Kinetin terhadap pembentukan kalus pada daun durian Kamajaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang. Percobaan dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dua faktor yang diamati dan metode analisis deskriptif. Faktor pertama zat pengatur tumbuh 2,4-D terdiri dari konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5 ppm. Faktor kedua terdiri dari 3 konsentrasi Kinetin yang berbeda yaitu 0,0, 0,5 dan 1 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 2 ppm 2,4-D,  3 ppm 2,4-D, 4 ppm 2,4-D, 2 ppm 2,4-D + 0,5 ppm kinetin menghasilkan eksplan daun muda durian melengkung dan tulang daun membengkak dan pada perlakuan 5 ppm 2,4-D, 2 ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm kinetin,  5 ppm 2,4-D 5 ppm + 1  ppm kinetin menghasilkan eksplan daun muda durian menggulung dan membentuk kalus.
Keragaman Penggunaan Lahan Eksisting di Hulu Sub DAS Cikapundung Berdasarkan Indeks Vegetasi dan Temperatur Permukaan Lahan
Authors: Solihin Muhammad Amir , Putri Noviani
Published: January 2021

Keragaman penggunaan lahan merupakan salah satu variabel yang sangat penting untuk mendukung fungsi ekologi bagian hulu DAS Cikapundung. Keragaman penggunaan lahan dapat diidentifikasi melalui nilai indeks vegetasi dan suhu permukaan lahan yang menggambarkan lingkungan yang menguntungkan bagi tanaman dan juga bagi konservasi tanah dan air di suatu DAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indeks vegetasi dan suhu permukaan tanah sebagai indikator keragaman penggunaan lahan di bagian hulu DAS Cikapundung. Lokasi penelitian berada di bagian hulu DAS Cikapundung di Kabupaten Lembang. Indeks vegetasi ditentukan berdasarkan Normalized Differences Vegetation Indeks (NDVI) yang merepresentasikan tingkat kehijauan vegetasi. Suhu permukaan lahan ditentukan berdasarkan analisis Mono Windows Algortihm (MWA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa indeks vegetasi dan LST di DAS Cikapundung hulu bervariasi. Dominasi nilai indeks vegetasi yang rendah dan LST yang sedang hingga tinggi ditemukan pada pertanian tegalan intensif. Indeks vegetasi dan LST di DAS Cikapundung dapat digunakan sebagai indikator keragaman penggunaan lahan dalam memantau dukungannya terhadap peran fungsi ekologis kondisi DAS secara keseluruhan.
Karakterisasi Mutu Fisik Bulir 30 Genotipe Padi Generasi F5 Hasil Seleksi dari Persilangan Sintanur X PTB33 dan Pandanwangi X PTB33
Authors: Carsono Nono , Fitria Nita , Sari Santika , Ruswandi Dedi
Published: January 2021

Perbaikan genetik padi saat ini tidak hanya mengarah pada peningkatan produktivitas saja, namun juga ke arah perbaikan mutu terutama karakter mutu beras yang disukai konsumen, seperti, ukuran, bentuk, dan penampilan butir beras. Dalam rangka mengembangkan karakter mutu fisik yang baik, telah dilakukan beberapa persilangan dari tetua-tetua yang terpilih, seperti Sintanur, Pandanwangi, dan PTB33. Hasil persilangan tersebut telah mencapai generasi F5, akan tetapi pengujian mutu fisik bulir belum dilakukan, sebelum galur-galur harapan tersebut dilepas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh genotipe padi unggul yang memiliki karakter mutu fisik bulir terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdiri dari 34 genotipe (termasuk 4 varietas cek) dan dilakukan sebanyak 3 ulangan. Penampilan genotipe-genotipe padi yang diuji dibandingkan dengan varietas ceknya dievaluasi dengan menggunakan Least Significant Increase (LSI). Berdasarkan uji LSI, seluruh genotipe hasil persilangan varietas Pandanwangi X PTB33 (PP) dan SP87-25-29 memiliki mutu fisik bulir yang lebih baik dibandingkan tetuanya. Genotipe-genotipe yang telah terseleksi akan dilanjutkan guna pengujian adaptabilitas dan stabilitas.
A critical content analysis of English textbook for senior high school students in Indonesia
Authors: Sulistiyo Urip , Wulan Retno , Al Arif Tubagus Zam Zam , Efriza Dony , Anwar Kaspul
Published: January 2021

Driven by sparse investigations on cultural content in a textbook in English as a foreign language context, this study aims to analyze the cultural information embedded in an English textbook for senior high school students in Indonesia. A critical content analysis was employed to analyze the textbook entitled “Pathway to English for SMA/MA Grade XI” in compliance with the cultural information cores from Adaskou et al. (1990). The findings showed that the textbook contains four main topics of cultural information infused in 14 reading texts, 20 pictures, 30 recordings, and seven cultural awareness texts. The reading texts provide equal information related to target culture (i.e., the culture belongs to English speaking countries) and local culture, but the pictures, recordings, and cultural awareness topics tend to inform the target culture information. Furthermore, the researchers found several weaknesses in the reading texts and pictures where the information provided was too general that they neither contain cultural information nor relevant to other information in the textbook. Meanwhile, all pictures were in white and black with less detail provided. The results suggested that teachers should adapt and balance the cultural information in the textbook with their local cultures or norms by finding other materials from various sources.