bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P.38: Estimate of the Distribution of Contrast Ratio in Optically Compensated In‐Plane‐Switching‐Mode Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Yonemura Koji , Haruna Kazushi , Nagano Shingo , Umeda Hiroshi , Numano Yoshinori
Published: July 2013

We propose to use the Response Surface Method for estimation of contras ratio. This method makes it possible to estimate the contrast ratio easily and quickly even in the optically compensated In‐Plane‐Switching‐Mode panel which has many optical axes. Additionally, using combination Response Surface Method and Monte Carlo Method, the distribution of contrast ratio can be calculated. This approach is quite useful for prediction of contrast ratio in mass production. Furthermore, utilizing the interactions between design factors, the distribution of contrast ratio can be reduced.
P.42: Estimation and Evaluation of Image Sticking on OLED Device
Authors: Lim Kyongho , Park Sunhee , Lee Don Gyou , Kim Jaehong , Shin Hongsoep , Park Jongjin , Lim Moojong
Published: July 2013

Image sticking and lifetime issues have been hot topics throughout the history of display devices. This paper describes the effect of the usage of contents to evaluate image sticking of display devices. Two different experiments were carried out to find the usage effect for different application such as mobile and TV using OLED products. The results show that the image sticking can be occurred in different time when different contents are applied to each display devices.
P.69: Large Area, Seamlessly Tiled, Flexible eBoard
Authors: Montbach Erica , Krinock John , Liu Lei , Ernst Todd , Braganza Clinton , Khan Asad , Doane J. William
Published: July 2013

Flexible Boogie Board™ writing tablet displays are seamlessly tiled into a large eBoard device. The roll to roll built displays enable the large tiling components. The eBoard displays are designed to have high reflectivity, wide linewidth, and a more pressure sensitive writing experience for the white board type application.
P.76: Threshold Temperature Effect on Phase Transition of Blue Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Ni Shui‐Bin , Zhu Ji‐Liang , Tan Jian , Sun Xiao‐Yang , Zhong En‐Wei , Wang Yi‐Jun , Lu Jian‐Gang
Published: July 2013

The effect of threshold temperature on the phase transition of blue phase liquid crystals (BPLCs) is investigated that the electro‐optical properties can be affected by the threshold temperature. And the relationship between lattice formation process of BPLCs and temperature is also demonstrated that the heterogeneous lattice generation and the homogeneous lattice growth play different roles in phase transition process with different cooling rates.
P.82: Entire Spectrum Measurement of Kerr Constant and Birefringence Dispersion in a Polymer‐Stabilized Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal Composite
Authors: Cui Hongqing , Wang Jun , Chen Beiyu , Hu Xikui , Hu Wei , Lin Xiaowen , Chung T.C. , Jen T. S. , Lu Yanqing , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2013

A new method is proposed and implemented experimentally for measuring the electric‐field induced birefringence together with the Kerr constant of a polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase liquid crystal (PSBPLC) composite. The conventional Senarmont compensation method is only suitable for the single wavelength measurement limited by the achromatic zero order quarter wavelength plate (QWP). In our new method, the QWP is removed so that a broad band light source can be used instead of monochromatic incident light. Herein planar ITO electrodes are employed, producing a uniformly distributed vertical electric field. Thus the fitting data is accurate and convincing prior to that from the IPS cell measurement. By rotating the sample to an oblique angle and using the spectrometer to scan the voltage dependent optical transmission, the induced birefringence and the Kerr constant for the entire visible spectrum can be carried out using the single band model. Quantitative experimental results have been obtained and presented in this paper to support this proposed scheme.
P.137L: Late‐News Poster: Polymer Dispersed Blue Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kemiklioglu Emine , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: July 2013

We have demonstrated polymer dispersed blue phase (PDBP) liquid crystal films by encapsulating blue phase liquid crystal in a matrix of polymer. The phase‐separated blue phase liquid crystal molecules show droplets with a small size distribution and exhibit a blue phase at room temperature. The PDBP films enable field‐induced birefringence at low switching voltage. Details of preparation of PDBP and their thermal, optical and electro‐optical properties will be presented.
P.88: A Novel Design of Polarizer with Parallel Absorbing‐Axis
Authors: Kang Chih‐Tsung , Ye Xin , Hai Bo
Published: July 2013

In this article, a novel combination of polarizer with parallel absorbing‐axis in PS‐VA[1] was studied. LCD‐Master simulation was used to do this study and optimized the feature & the structure of the cell at the normally black and white respectively for the best performance.
P.156L: Late‐News Poster: Real‐time Dynamic Color Holographic Display using a Super Fast‐response Liquid Crystal Thin Film
Authors: Gao Hongyue , Liu Jicheng , Poon Ting‐Chung
Published: July 2013

Real‐time dynamic color holographic display is demonstrated in a liquid crystal film with holographic response time in order of a millisecond without any applied electric field. Color holographic display video is achieved. Our work shows that the film is suitable for a large‐size, real‐time dynamic, and color holographic three‐dimensional display.
P.93: Optically Isotropic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Composite for High Contrast Ratio and Fast Response Time
Authors: Yu Ji Hoon , Lee Jung Jin , Lim Young Jin , Nayek Prasenjit , Kundu Sudarshan , Kang Shin Woong , Lee Seung Hee
Published: July 2013

The optically isotropic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) mode has been proposed by confining liquid crystal droplets, with average sizes less than the wavelength of visible light, in polymer network. This state has been achieved via polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS) method in pre‐polymer/LC mixture. The in‐plane field driven device shows a complete dark state in voltage ‘off’ under crossed polarizer and excellent white state with induced retardation by Kerr effect in voltage ‘on’ state with an ultrafast response time over a wide temperature range and high contrast ratio.
P.96: Synthesis of Reactive Mesogen and its Stabilizing Characteristics in Polymer Stabilized Vertical Aligned Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Hong Young Bum , Lee Byeong Hoon , Lee Jun Hee , Choi Young Eun , Singh Jay , Wu Yan , Lee Myong‐Hoon , Lee Seung Hee , Song Won II
Published: July 2013

Four different reactive mesogens (RMs) for polymer stabilization of liquid crystal (LC) director in vertical alignment (VA) display have been synthesized and its stabilizing characteristics depending on size of the synthesized group and polarity of RM have been evaluated by studying electro‐optic characteristics of the LC cells. Our results show that the small size of substitute between biphenyls similar to LC molecular with polarity is favored to achieve excellent polymer stabilization without showing any grain size of polymer although photo‐initiator is not used at all.
P.146L: Late‐News Poster: Practical Approach of New Photoalignment Material for High Quality‐Competitive Retardation Film
Authors: Yang Si Yeol , Kang Ju Hui , Jeong Seung Yong , Park Sung Young , Kim Daecheol , Lee Sangkug , Choi Kyung Ho , Shin Gyo Jic
Published: July 2013

This paper investigated the high photoalignment properties of new photopolymer material to polarized UV light. The synthesized photoalignment material compared with the commercialized that and found that there was a high photosensitivity and good LC alignment capability upon low UV exposure energy. This result indicated that this new photoalignment material was enough available the liquid crystal patterned retarder film.
P.106: Magnetic Resonant Wireless Power Transmission to Thin OLED Lighting Panel
Authors: Kim Yong‐Hae , Han Jun‐Han , Lee Myung‐Lae , Cheon Sanghoon , Kang Seung‐Youl , Ryu Hojun , Zyung Taehyoung , Lee Jeong‐Ik , Chu Hye Yong
Published: July 2013

We used the magnetic resonant wireless power transmission technology to lit thin OLED lighting panels. For the magnetic resonant wireless power transmission, we used small and thin four layer printed circuit board for the receiver. The resonant frequency is lowered up to 457 kHz for the electromagnetic regulation.
P.109: Improvement of the Outcoupling Efficiency of Blue OLEDs
Authors: Kim Dong‐Young , Choi Chung Sock , Lee Sung‐Min , Choi Kyung Cheol , Chae Gee Sung , Joo Sung Hoon , Park Jung Soo , Yang Joong Hwan
Published: July 2013

We propose a nanostructured blue organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) with a perforated WO3 hole injection layer that improves the outcoupling efficiency of blue OLEDs by the extraction of trapped surface plasmon polaritons and wave guide modes.
P.113: Luminous‐efficiency Improvement of Photovoltaic‐device‐integrated Organic Light Emitting Diode with Dual‐function Guiding Mode Resonance Structure
Authors: Shen Chia‐Yu , Lin Ming‐Yi , Chen Yi‐Jiun , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: July 2013

One‐dimensional dual‐function guided‐mode‐resonance (DF‐GMR) filters are designed to be the common electrodes of OLEDs integrated with photovoltaic devices, and can also be utilized as color filters. This structure can enhance the luminous efficiency from 39.1% to 56.9%, increase the contrast ratio, and the color deviation is negligible.
P.116: Light Extraction Improvement of Flexible Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Devices by Using Nanoimprinted Periodically Corrugated Polycarbonate Substrate
Authors: Ho Yu‐Hsuan , Tsai Ming‐Chih , Liang Hsun , Fu Yen‐Chun , Tian Wei‐Cheng , Chen Fang‐Chung , Wei Pei‐Kuen
Published: July 2013

Highly efficient waveguide mode extraction elements of nanograting structures onto the flexible substrate of top‐emitting organic light‐emitting devices (TOLEDs) were realized with the assistance of thermal nanoimprint process. The introduction of the periodic corrugation has allowed a much enhanced light coupling through a thick Ag cathode by the grating‐induced cross coupling between the SPPs associated with the top cathode and the high‐index guided modes within the device. An enhanced EL efficiency and strong color shift have been observed. To nanoimprint the periodical corrugation in the flexible substrate of the TOLEDs leads to 54.3% enhancement in luminous efficiency compared to reference devices.
P.118: Improvement of the Quantum Efficiency in OLEDs Using Stochastic Metallic Nanostructure
Authors: Park Sangho , Kwon Ohyung , Yang Jungjin , Lee Changhee , Whang Ki‐Woong
Published: July 2013

This work is done for improving the external quantum efficiency in OLEDs using stochastic nanostructure. Ag stochastic nanostructure is fabricated on glass, and the consequent OLEDs fabricated on it have corrugated structure. With this method, the external quantum efficiency could be improved by 100 %.
P.120: P‐doped Di‐[4‐(N,N‐ditolyl‐amino)‐phenyl]cyclohexane for Improving Power Efficiency of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kwon Yongwon , Yoo Minsun , Lee Hyunkoo , Yang Jungjin , Lee Changhee
Published: July 2013

We investigated p‐doped Di‐[4‐(N,N‐ditolyl‐amino)phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) to improve power efficiency in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). We characterized optical and electrical properties of TAPC film in application of various p‐type dopants.
P.141L: Late‐News Poster: ALD‐based Multilayer Encapsulation of PIN OLED: On the Stability of the Organic Layer in 85°C / 85% RH Storage Conditions
Authors: Simon Jean‐Yves , Maindron Tony , Aventurier Bernard , Gatta Sylvia Meunier Della , Viasnoff Emilie , Jullien Tony , Ghazouani Ahlem , Lafond Dominique
Published: July 2013

A multilayer thin‐film encapsulation process based on the use of Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) has been presented at the last SID Display Week 2012 by LETI. It is based on the use of a generic stack of the kind Al2O3/organic layer/inorganic layer. When comes the time to evaluate the performances of this stack in severe climatic storage conditions, it turns out that the intrinsic stability of the organic decoupling layer becomes of outmost importance. This work details the behavior of the thin film barrier stack when exposed to 85 °C / 85 %RH climatic conditions.
P.143L: Late‐News Poster: Light Extraction in Organic Light Emitting Diodes using SF6/CHF3 Plasma Treated Random Pattern
Authors: Hwang Ju Hyun , Park Tae Hyun , Lee Hyun Jun , Choi Kyung Bok , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong‐Kwon
Published: July 2013

The random pattern using the SF6/CHF3 plasma can increase the external quantum efficiency and power efficiency of the organic light emitting diodes without introducing spectral changes. These random pattern layer are formed by SF6/CHF3 plasma treatment on the resin, which can be applied to the large‐area and white OLEDs.
P.144: Late‐News Poster: Synthesis and Electroluminescence Properties of Highly Efficient Blue Fluorescence Emitters Using Dual Core Chromophores
Authors: Kim Beomjin , Kim Seungho , Lee Jaehyun , Shin Hwangyu , Yokoyama Daisuke , Kido Junji , Park Jongwook
Published: July 2013

We propose new dual core chromophore materials with blue emission. One of these derivatives, TP‐AP‐TP, exhibits a high luminance EQE value of 7.51% and twice the lifetime of a commercialized material, MADN. The dual core chromophore materials have narrower PL and EL spectra and better thermal properties than the single core chromophore materials.
P.133: 3D Multi‐Touch System by Using Coded Optical Barrier on Embedded Photo‐Sensors
Authors: Fang Hsuan‐He , Wang Guo‐Zhen , Chang Chia‐Wei , Huang Yi‐Pai
Published: July 2013

Limited by construction complexity, bare finger touch systems are not ready to be used on mobile devices. Hence, we proposed a system using coded optical barrier with less hardware and software complexity; based on the construction, touch algorithm is programed to obtained 3D location (x,y,z) of input(s). Finally, our concept was implemented on a 4‐inch panel. The system was able to sense up to 3 touch inputs simultaneously within 35 mm working range.
Recovery of free amino acids and muscle proteins from codfish (Gadus morhua L.) salting wastewater by sorption on Amberlite XAD16
Authors: Ferraro Vincenza , Jorge Ruben Ferreira , Cruz Isabel B. , Castro Paula M. L. , Pintado Manuela E.
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

The objective of this research was the valorization of an agro‐food industry residue, namely codfish salting wastewater, through the recovery of valuable bioactive compounds. Approximately 200 L of salted wastewater are generated for each ton of fresh codfish, carrying protein and free amino acids at a concentration of c. 10 g L−1, and sodium chloride (NaCl) at c. 250 g L−1.

RESULTS

Protein and free amino acids were selectively recovered by sorption with the Amberlite XAD16 resin. Food‐grade acetone was used to elute amino acids while a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) desorbed protein. Recovery of protein and of hydrophobic to neutral amino acids was 100%; NaCl was also partially recovered from the salting wastewater, at a level of 33%. Kinetics and mechanisms of adsorption and desorption were investigated.

CONCLUSIONS

The process implemented can be considered as a valuable management option for codfish salting wastewater, it can contribute to the fish industry sustainability and can serve as a source of nutrients. Free amino acids and protein extracts can find application in animal and human nutrition through incorporation into functional food and drinks, as well as in cosmetics and in pharmaceutical formulations. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Interplate coupling off northeastern Japan before the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake, inferred from seafloor geodetic data
Authors: Sato Mariko , Fujita Masayuki , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Tadashi , Saito Hiroaki , Mochizuki Masashi , Asada Akira
Published: July 2013

Seafloor crustal movements off Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures, northeastern Japan, observed for about 9 years before the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake (M9.0) with the GPS/acoustic geodetic technique, revealed the spatiotemporal variation of interplate coupling in this region. Off Miyagi Prefecture, temporal variations of the crustal movements are characterized as a strain accumulation‐release process in relation to the 2005 Miyagi‐oki earthquake (M7.2). The intraplate velocity since December 2006, when the strain accumulation seemed to have restarted, is 4–5 cm/yr relative to the North American plate, which is significantly lower than that before the 2005 event, 6–7 cm/yr. This suggests that interplate coupling off Miyagi Prefecture since around 2007 is weaker than that before the 2005 event. On the other hand, off Fukushima Prefecture, a westward crustal movement at a constant rate of about 2 cm/yr relative to the North American plate has been observed for the interseismic period from 2002 to 2008. The interplate coupling off Fukushima Prefecture is significantly weak compared with that off Miyagi Prefecture. This is consistent with the observed coseismic displacements associated with the 2011 event, which are much smaller off Fukushima Prefecture than off Miyagi Prefecture.
MRI of thiel‐embalmed human cadavers
Authors: Gueorguieva Mariana J. , Yeo Desmond T.B. , Eisma Roos , Melzer Andreas
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To explain the observed considerable loss of signal and contrast when Thiel‐embalmed human cadavers are imaged using clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, especially those based on spin‐echo MRI.

Materials and Methods

All cadavers were imaged with a medical 1.5T scanner using standard MRI sequences. Dual angle B1+ magnitude mapping and electromagnetic (EM) simulations that characterize the radiofrequency (RF) penetration in a male human body model (HBM) were carried out for a range of tissue conductivities.

Results

The EM simulations show that RF penetration issues begin to affect the image quality for values of electrical conductivity as low as 2.6 S/m. The electrical conductivity values of the embalming fluids were found to be within the range of 5–10.6 S/m, thus strongly suggesting that the observed loss in signal and contrast is due to diminished RF penetration inside the cadavers. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that gradient‐echo (GRE)‐based MRI sequences perform better than spin‐echo (SE)‐based sequences, as they are less susceptible to imperfections in the flip angle that are inevitably present when imaging Thiel cadavers.

Conclusion:

The diminished signal and contrast observed when imaging Thiel‐embalmed human cadavers may be attributed to the high conductivity of the embalming liquids. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:576–583. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systemic treatment with the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate analog FTY720 does not improve fracture healing in mice
Authors: Heilmann Aline , Schinke Thorsten , Bindl Ronny , Wehner Tim , Rapp Anna , Haffner‐Luntzer Melanie , Liedert Astrid , Amling Michael , Ignatius Anita
Published: July 2013

Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) has recently been recognized as a crucial coupling molecule of osteoclast and osteoblast activity provoking osteoanabolic effects. Targeting S1P receptors could, therefore, be a potential strategy to support bone formation in osteopenic diseases or in fracture repair. Here we investigated whether systemic treatment with the S1P analog FTY720 (Fingolimod) could improve fracture healing. Twelve‐week‐old, female C57BL/6 mice received an osteotomy of the femur, which was stabilized using an external fixator. The mice received a daily subcutaneous injection of either FTY720 (6 mg/kg) or vehicle from the third postoperative day. Fracture healing was evaluated after 10 and 21 days using biomechanical testing, µ‐computed tomography, and histomorphometry. Because FTY720 is supposed to influence osteoclast recruitment, osteoclasts were identified in the fracture callus by staining for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). There were no significant differences in callus mechanical properties, tissue composition and osteoclast number between the groups, suggesting that systemically applied FTY720 did not influence bone regeneration in this model of regular fracture healing. Even if further studies should test the potency of FTY720 under unfavorable healing conditions, we conclude that the effect of systemically applied FTY720 on fracture healing might be inferior compared to other anabolic treatments. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1845–1850, 2013
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of sandhill crane habitat management
Authors: Kessler Andrew C. , Merchant James W. , Shultz Steven D. , Allen Craig R.
Published: July 2013

Invasive species often threaten native wildlife populations and strain the budgets of agencies charged with wildlife management. We demonstrate the potential of cost‐effectiveness analysis to improve the efficiency and value of efforts to enhance sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) roosting habitat. We focus on the central Platte River in Nebraska (USA), a region of international ecological importance for migrating avian species including sandhill cranes. Cost‐effectiveness analysis is a valuation process designed to compare alternative actions based on the cost of achieving a pre‐determined objective. We estimated costs for removal of invasive vegetation using geographic information system simulations and calculated benefits as the increase in area of sandhill crane roosting habitat. We generated cost effectiveness values for removing invasive vegetation on 7 land parcels and for the entire central Platte River to compare the cost‐effectiveness of management at specific sites and for the central Platte River landscape. Median cost effectiveness values for the 7 land parcels evaluated suggest that costs for creating 1 additional hectare of sandhill crane roosting habitat totaled US $1,595. By contrast, we found that creating an additional hectare of sandhill crane roosting habitat could cost as much as US $12,010 for some areas in the central Platte River, indicating substantial cost savings can be achieved by using a cost effectiveness analysis to target specific land parcels for management. Cost‐effectiveness analysis, used in conjunction with geographic information systems, can provide decision‐makers with a new tool for identifying the most economically efficient allocation of resources to achieve habitat management goals. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Rosai‐dorfman disease with extranodal involvement
Authors: Hashimoto Kaori , Kariya Shin , Onoda Tomoo , Ooue Tetsuo , Yamashita Yasuhiko , Naka Kikuko , Okano Mitsuhiro , Nishizaki Kazunori
Published: July 2013

Rosai‐Dorfman disease is a rare condition of marrow hematopoietic stem‐cell origin. Patients can show extranodal involvement as well as lymphatic involvement, but only about 5% of extranodal cases involve intracranial lesions. A 53‐year‐old male was admitted to our hospital with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Intracranial tumors and bone lesions were also detected. Cervical lymph node biopsy and intracranial tumor resection were performed, and histopathological examination revealed Rosai‐Dorfman disease. The patient showed good clinical course without significant enlargement of the tumor. This study describes the case of a patient with Rosai‐Dorfman disease presenting with massive cervical lymphadenopathy mimicking malignant neoplasm. Laryngoscope, 124:701–704, 2014
Aluminum Initiators Supported by Asymmetric [ONNO′]‐Type Salan Ligands for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of rac‐Lactide
Authors: Sumrit Pattarawut , Hormnirun Pimpa
Published: July 2013

A novel series of aluminum complexes supported by asymmetric [ONNO′]‐type Salan ligands (1–4) is successfully synthesized. Polylactides (PLAs) with molecular weights close to the theoretical values and narrow polydispersity indices (PDIs) can be obtained. Kinetic studies reveal first‐order polymerization kinetics and a linear relationship between the molecular weight and the percentage conversion. Complexes 1–4 display heteroselective polymerization to give heterotactic‐enriched PLAs with Pr values ranging from 0.64 to 0.74. The character of the ligand substituents from the two different phenolic rings and the complex fluxionality arising from the ligand interconversion are suggested to be responsible for the different levels of stereoselectivity and activity.

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Genotype and phenotype in Parkinson's disease: Lessons in heterogeneity from deep brain stimulation
Authors: Angeli Aikaterina , Mencacci Niccolo E. , Duran Raquel , Aviles‐Olmos Iciar , Kefalopoulou Zinovia , Candelario Joseph , Rusbridge Sarah , Foley Jennifer , Pradhan Priyanka , Jahanshahi Marjan , Zrinzo Ludvic , Hariz Marwan , Wood Nicholas W. , Hardy John , Limousin Patricia , Foltynie Tom
Published: July 2013

Variation in the genetic risk(s) of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) undoubtedly contributes to the subsequent phenotypic heterogeneity. Although patients with PD who undergo deep brain stimulation (DBS) are a skewed population, they represent a valuable resource for exploring the relationships between heterogeneous phenotypes and PD genetics. In this series, 94 patients who underwent DBS were screened for mutations in the most common genes associated with PD. The consequent genetic subgroups of patients were compared with respect to phenotype, levodopa (l‐dopa), and DBS responsiveness. An unprecedented number (29%) of patients tested positive for at least 1 of the currently known PD genes. Patients with Parkin mutations presented at the youngest age but had many years of disease before needing DBS, whereas glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutation carriers reached the threshold of needing DBS earlier, and developed earlier cognitive impairment after DBS. DBS cohorts include large numbers of gene positive PD patients and can be clinically instructive in the exploration of genotype‐phenotype relationships.
A Novel Strategy of Structural Similarity Based Consensus Modeling
Authors: Lei Beilei , Li Jiazhong , Yao Xiaojun
Published: July 2013

A novel strategy of “structural similarity based consensus modeling” (SSCM) based on “model distance and

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guided model selection” (MD‐QGMS) submodel set was proposed. The SSCM strategy is built upon a hypothesis, that is, similar compounds are most probably predicted more accurately by a same submodel among a model population, which can be concluded from the fact that models employing a different set of descriptors can predict compounds with specific structures more accurately. It is proved that the proposed SSCM strategy can remarkably improve the external prediction ability of QSAR models by employing two different datasets. In future, the proposed SSCM strategy may provide a new direction to develop more accurate predictive models.
A (T,ψ)‐ψe decoupled scheme for a time‐dependent multiply‐connected eddy current problem
Authors: Chen Tao , Kang Tong , Lu Guizhen , Wu Liyun
Published: July 2013

The aim of this paper is to develop a fully discrete (T,ψ)‐ψe finite element decoupled scheme to solve time‐dependent eddy current problems with multiply‐connected conductors. By making ‘cuts’ and setting jumps of ψe across the cuts in nonconductive domain, the uniqueness of ψe is guaranteed. Distinguished from the traditional T‐ ψ method, our decoupled scheme solves the potentials T and ψ‐ ψe separately in two different simple equation systems, which avoids solving a saddle‐point equation system and leads to a remarkable reduction in computational efforts. The energy‐norm error estimate of the fully discrete decoupled scheme is provided. Finally, the scheme is applied to solve two benchmark problems—TEAM Workshop Problems 7 and IEEJ model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A graph‐theoretic approach to stability of neutral stochastic coupled oscillators network with time‐varying delayed coupling
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Li Wenxue , Wang Ke
Published: July 2013

In this paper, a graph‐theoretic approach for checking exponential stability of the system described by neutral stochastic coupled oscillators network with time‐varying delayed coupling is obtained. Based on graph theory and Lyapunov stability theory, delay‐dependent criteria are deduced to ensure moment exponential stability and almost sure exponential stability of the addressed system, respectively. These criteria can show how coupling topology, time delays, and stochastic perturbations affect exponential stability of such oscillators network. This method may also be applied to other neutral stochastic coupled systems with time delays. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of theoretical results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local uniform error estimates for spherical basis functions interpolation
Authors: Li Ming , Cao Feilong
Published: July 2013

This paper discusses local uniform error estimates for spherical basis functions (SBFs) interpolation, where error bounds for target functions are restricted on spherical cap. The discussion is first carried out in the native space associated with the smooth SBFs, which is generated by a strictly positive definite zonal kernel. Then, the smooth SBFs are embedded in a larger space that is generated by a less smooth kernel, and for the target functions outside the original native space, the local uniform error estimates are established. Finally, some numerical experiments are given to illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutritional lipidomics: Molecular metabolism, analytics, and diagnostics
Authors: Smilowitz Jennifer T. , Zivkovic Angela M. , Wan Yu‐Jui Yvonne , Watkins Steve M. , Nording Malin L. , Hammock Bruce D. , German J. Bruce
Published: July 2013

The field of lipidomics is providing nutritional science a more comprehensive view of lipid intermediates. Lipidomics research takes advantage of the increase in accuracy and sensitivity of mass detection of MS with new bioinformatics toolsets to characterize the structures and abundances of complex lipids. Yet, translating lipidomics to practice via nutritional interventions is still in its infancy. No single instrumentation platform is able to solve the varying analytical challenges of the different molecular lipid species. Biochemical pathways of lipid metabolism remain incomplete and the tools to map lipid compositional data to pathways are still being assembled. Biology itself is dauntingly complex and simply separating biological structures remains a key challenge to lipidomics. Nonetheless, the strategy of combining tandem analytical methods to perform the sensitive, high‐throughput, quantitative, and comprehensive analysis of lipid metabolites of very large numbers of molecules is poised to drive the field forward rapidly. Among the next steps for nutrition to understand the changes in structures, compositions, and function of lipid biomolecules in response to diet is to describe their distribution within discrete functional compartments lipoproteins. Additionally, lipidomics must tackle the task of assigning the functions of lipids as signaling molecules, nutrient sensors, and intermediates of metabolic pathways.
Highly‐accelerated Bloch‐Siegert mapping using joint autocalibrated parallel image reconstruction
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Tadanki Sasidhar , Jankiewicz Marcin , Grissom William A
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To reconstruct accurate single‐ and multichannel Bloch–Siegert transmit radiofrequency () field maps from highly accelerated data.

Theory and Methods

The approach is based on the fact that the ‐to‐phase encoding pulse for each transmit coil and off‐resonance frequency applies a unique phase shift to the same underlying image. This enables joint reconstruction of all images in a Bloch–Siegert acquisition from an augmented set of virtual receive coils, using any autocalibrated parallel imaging reconstruction method.

Results

Simulations with an eight channel transmit/receive array head coil at 7T show that accurate maps can be produced at acceleration factors of 16× and 6× for Cartesian and spiral sampling, respectively. A phantom experiment with a six channel transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transceive array coil allowed accurate reconstruction at 16× acceleration. 7T in vivo experiments performed using 32 channel receive and two‐channel transmit coils further demonstrate the proposed method's ability to produce high‐quality maps at accelerations of 32× and 8× for Cartesian and spiral trajectories, respectively. Reconstruction accuracy is improved using disjoint k‐space sampling patterns between acquisitions.

Conclusion

The proposed approach allows high acceleration factors in Bloch–Siegert mapping and can significantly reduce the scan time requirements for mapping the fields of transmit arrays. Magn Reson Med 71:1470–1477, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pore‐scale modeling of surface erosion in a particle bed
Authors: Abdelhamid Y. , El Shamy U.
Published: July 2013

A fully coupled transient two‐dimensional model was employed to study fundamentals of flood‐induced surface erosion in a particle bed. The interaction of the liquid and solid phases is the key mechanism related to surface erosion. The solid phase was idealized at a particle scale by using the discrete element method. The fluid phase was modeled at a mesoscale level and solved using the lattice Boltzmann method. The fluid forces applied on the particles were calculated on the basis of the momentum the fluid exchanges with the particle. The proposed approach was used to model both single particles and particle beds subjected to Couette flow conditions. The behavior of both the single particle and the particle bed depended on particle diameter and surface shear fluid velocity. The conducted simulations show that the fluid flow profile penetrates the bed for a small distance. This penetration initiates sheet‐flow and surface erosion as the fluid interacts with particles. The effect of suppressing particle rotation on the fluid‐induced forces on the particle was also examined. Suppressing particle spinning may lead to underestimated erosion rate. Results of fluid and particle velocities were compared against experimental results and appeared to agree with the observed trends.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic response of road pavement resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space to a moving traffic load
Authors: Fang Xue‐Qian , Yang Shao‐Pu , Liu Jin‐Xi , Zhang Xiao‐Song
Published: July 2013

This paper is dedicated to study the dynamic response of a thin‐plate resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space under a moving traffic load. Based on the dynamic poroelastic theory of Biot, the general solutions of the homogeneous poroelastic foundation are obtained by Fourier translation. By using the transmission and reflection matrices method in the frequency domain, the equivalent stiffness of the layered poroelastic half‐space is presented. Kirchhoff's hypotheses are applied to obtain the vertical displacement of the thin plate. By using the inverse Fourier transform, the time domain solution is obtained. As an example of three layers, the influences of the load velocity, the material properties of poroelastic layers, and the flexural rigidity of the plate on the response of the pavement system are examined. Analyses show that a soft intermediate layer results in the significant increase of vertical displacement of road pavement. Comparison with the existing work validates the present model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The individual determinants of care‐seeking among middle‐aged women reporting urinary incontinence: Analysis of a 2273‐woman cohort
Authors: Fritel Xavier , Panjo Henri , Varnoux Noëlle , Ringa Virginie
Published: July 2013

Aims

Our main objective was to analyze individual determinants that lead middle‐aged women to seek medical care for urinary incontinence (UI).

Methods

Observational longitudinal study among GAZEL cohort participants: 2,640 women aged 50–62 completed a self‐administered questionnaire at baseline. Eight years later (2008) 2,273 (86%) responded to a follow‐up questionnaire. Seeking care for UI was defined as any consultation for UI during the 8‐year follow‐up period. Individual determinants considered in the regression analysis were social and demographic characteristics, social relations, UI type and severity, and other health factors.

Results

Among 1,192 women reporting incontinence at baseline, 24.4% had visited a physician at least once for UI during the follow‐up period (56.0% of those reporting severe UI). The care‐seeking rate increased with age at baseline. Multivariate analysis showed that women who reported severe UI (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 2.6–6.5), mixed UI (2.0; 1.3–3.0), or neurologic disease (1.6; 1.1–2.6), had weak social support (1.4; 1.0–2.0), or talked about their UI with close friends or family (1.5; 1.0–2.1) were more likely to seek care for UI. A model including these factors had a 78% probability of correctly differentiating women with incontinence who chose to seek care from those who did not. Our analysis could not take factors related to the organization of health services into account.

Conclusions

Women do not always seek care for UI, even when it is severe. Besides UI severity and type, consultation is associated with aging, weak social support, conversation about it with close friends and family, and neurologic disorders. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1116–1122, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Conscientiousness Paradox: Cultural Mindset Shapes Competence Perception
Authors: Chen Sylvia Xiaohua , Lam Ben C. P. , Buchtel Emma E. , Bond Michael Harris
Published: July 2013

Studies comparing personality across cultures have found inconsistencies between self–reports and measures of national character or behaviour, especially on evaluative traits such as Conscientiousness. We demonstrate that self–perceptions and other–perceptions of personality vary with cultural mindset, thereby accounting for some of this inconsistency. Three studies used multiple methods to examine perceptions of Conscientiousness and especially its facet Competence that most characterizes performance evaluations. In Study 1, Mainland Chinese reported lower levels of self–efficacy than did Canadians, with the country effect partially mediated by Canadian participants’ higher level of independent self–construal. In Study 2, language as a cultural prime induced similar effects on Hong Kong bilinguals, who rated themselves as more competent and conscientious when responding in English than in Chinese. Study 3 demonstrated these same effects on ratings of both self–perceived and observer–perceived competence and conscientiousness, with participants changing both their competence–communicating behaviours and self–evaluations in response to the cultural primes of spoken language and ethnicity of an interviewer. These results converge to show that self–perceptions and self–presentations change to fit the social contexts shaped by language and culture. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology
Luftiger Wohlklang
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo
Published: July 2013

Die Flöte ist eines der ältesten Musikinstrumente. Allen Bauformen gemeinsam ist die Tonerzeugung durch eine schwingende Luftsäule. Das physikalische Prinzip ist die stehende Welle, doch die Klangerzeugung ist dynamisch. Die Energie aus der Blasluft wird über Rückkopplung mit der schwingenden Luft im Flötenrohr zugeführt.
Prostate specific antigen enhances the innate defence of prostatic epithelium against Escherichia coli infection
Authors: Townes Claire L , Ali Ased , Gross Naomi , Pal Deepali , Williamson Stuart , Heer Rakesh , Robson Craig N , Pickard Robert S , Hall Judith
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

This study investigated whether the increase in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) typically seen during male urinary tract infection (UTI) is incidental or reflects an innate defence mechanism of the prostate. The protective roles of the whey‐acid‐motif‐4‐disulphide core (WFDC) proteins, secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor (SLPI) and WFDC2, in the prostate were also examined.

METHODS

UTI recurrence was assessed retrospectively in men following initial UTI by patient interview. PSA, SLPI, and WFDC2 gene expression were assessed using biopsy samples. LNCaP and DU145 in vitro prostate cell models were utilized to assess the effects of an Escherichia coli challenge on PSA and WFDC gene expression, and bacterial invasion of the prostate epithelium. The effects of PSA on WFDC antimicrobial properties were studied using recombinant peptides and time‐kill assays.

RESULTS

Men presenting with PSA >4 ng/ml at initial UTI were less likely to have recurrent (r) UTI than those with PSA <4 ng/ml [2/15 (13%) vs. 7/10 (70%), P < 0.01]. Genes encoding PSA, SLPI and WFDC2, were expressed in prostatic epithelium, and the PSA and SLPI proteins co‐localized in vivo. Challenging LNCaP (PSA‐positive) cells with E. coli increased PSA, SLPI, and WFDC2 gene expression (P < 0.05), and PSA synthesis (P < 0.05), and reduced bacterial invasion. Pre‐incubation of DU145 (PSA‐negative) cells with PSA also decreased bacterial invasion. In vitro incubation of recombinant SLPI and WFDC2 with PSA resulted in peptide proteolysis and increased E. coli killing.

CONCLUSIONS

Increased PSA during UTI appears protective against rUTI and in vitro is linked to proteolysis of WFDC proteins supporting enhanced prostate innate defences. Prostate 73: 1529–1537, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recommended management of head lice and scabies
Authors: Connolly Maureen
Published: July 2013

Patient education is vital in treating head lice and scabies to ensure successful eradication and to reduce the development of resistance. Our Drug review considers the available treatment options and some recent advances, followed by a review of the prescription data and sources of further information.
Jobs or Amenities? Location Choices of Interprovincial Skilled Migrants in China, 2000–2005
Authors: Liu Ye , Shen Jianfa
Published: July 2013

On the basis of the data derived from China's 2005 1% population sample survey, this paper examines regional and personal factors that shape locations chosen by China's interprovincial skilled migrants. It aims to evaluate the relative weight of employment opportunities, and amenities, and the ownership structure of economy in determining skilled migrants' destination choices, and the extent to which such place‐based factors work differently among different types of skilled individuals. The results indicate that China's skilled migration is driven mainly by interregional income differentials and that regional variations in amenities and ownership structure play a less important role in this regard. Furthermore, compared with college diploma holders, bachelor's degree holders are more responsive to wage levels and are less sensitive to the risk of unemployment, whereas those with managerial and professional occupations and those without hukou at the destinations are more sensitive to wages and employment possibilities. In addition, there is little evidence that the effects of amenities differ greatly across life‐course groups, but those holding hukou at the destinations are more attracted to places with ample government‐provided amenities. The findings suggest that at least in the first half of 2000s, China's skilled people prioritise career prospects over amenity‐related issues in their migration decisions and that institutional arrangements continue to affect interregional movements of skilled labour in China. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative thermal expansion from disc, cylindrical, and needle shaped inclusions
Authors: Grima Joseph N. , Ellul Brian , Gatt Ruben , Attard Daphne
Published: July 2013

The concept of reducing the thermal expansion of composites by exploiting the thinning that is observed when a conventional material is mechanically stretched (the Poisson's effect) is explored through finite elements (FE) simulations with the scope of assessing the potential of such systems to exhibit negative thermal expansion (NTE). It is shown that systems made from hard highly expanding needle, cylindrical or coin shaped inclusions embedded within a soft matrix with a high positive Poisson's ratio having low coefficients of thermal expansion may exhibit NTE under certain conditions. In the case of the coin‐shaped inclusions, the NTE is maximum in the direction orthogonal to the surface of the coins and in the case of systems with needle‐shaped inclusions, the NTE is maximum in the direction orthogonal to the length of the needles.
Drop‐cast and dye‐sensitized ZnO nanorod‐based visible‐light photodetectors
Authors: Ko Yeong Hwan , Kim Sunkook , Yu Jae Su
Published: July 2013

We report the facile fabrication of metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors with dye‐sensitized ZnO nanorods (NRs) operating at wavelengths of ∼405–638 nm by a simple drop casting method. The ZnO NRs were synthesized by the hydrothermal synthesis method at 75 °C. The droplet of ethanol solution containing ZnO NRs was dropped between two metal electrodes and dried at 65 °C, which allows the ZnO NRs to be adhered and contacted to both metal electrodes. When a violet light of 405 nm was illuminated into the MSM ZnO NRs‐based photodetector, the photocurrent gain was obtained as ∼3.9 × 103 at the applied bias voltage of 5 V. By increasing the bias voltage from 10 V to 15 V, the device exhibited good recovery performance with a largely reduced reset time from 85.68 s to 2.47 s and an increased on–off ratio from 17.9 to 77.4. To extend the photodetection range towards the long visible spectral region, the ZnO NRs were sensitized by the N719 dye and then drop‐cast. The dye‐sensitized ZnO NRs‐based photodetector also exhibited good photocurrent switching under 638 nm of light illumination. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micro gratings written in ZnO:Al thin films using picosecond UV‐laser interference patterning
Authors: Ring Sven , Stannowski Bernd , Fink Frank , Schlatmann Rutger
Published: July 2013

Diffraction micro gratings have been written in ZnO:Al thin films using a picosecond laser operating at 355 nm. Micro gratings of 20 µm diameter with a period of 860 nm show a groove depth up to 120 nm. The total transmittance of square‐centimeter‐size grating‐textured ZnO:Al films was almost unchanged after grating formation, while the sheet resistance increased moderately. The textured films reached haze values of 9% at 700 nm. This simple texturing method can be applied also to ZnO:Al films that cannot be texture etched.

magnified image

Illustration of the interfering laser beams and the resulting micro grating (left) and reflection from a micro grating array written in ZnO:Al on glass (right).

(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)