bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Methyl Group on Acyclic Serinol Scaffold for Tethering Dyes on the DNA Duplex Stability
Authors: Murayama Keiji , Asanuma Hiroyuki
Published: October 2016

Acyclic serinol derivatives are useful scaffolds for tethering dyes within DNA duplexes. Here we synthesised an inverse l‐threoninol (il‐threoninol) scaffold and compared its effect on DNA duplex stability to other acyclic artificial nucleic acid scaffolds that are based on d‐threoninol, l‐threoninol, and serinol. When planar trans‐azobenzene was incorporated into the DNA duplex through a single bulge‐like motif (the wedge), the il‐threoninol scaffold stabilised the duplex most efficiently. When scaffolds were incorporated in complementary positions (dimer motif) or in three adjacent positions (cluster motif), d‐threoninol was the most stabilising. CD spectra indicated that the effect of scaffold on the duplex stability was closely related to the winding induced by each scaffold. When trans‐azobenzene was photo‐isomerised to non‐planar cis‐azobenzene, il‐threoninol destabilised the duplex most strongly, irrespective of the number of artificial residues incorporated. The properties of the il‐threoninol scaffold make it a useful tether for dyes or other functionalities.
Noninvasive management for iatrogenic splenic injury caused by chest tube insertion: a case report
Authors: Ohtaka Kazuto , Hase Ryunosuke , Chiba Ryohei , Miyasaka Mamoru , Sato Shoki , Shoji Yasuhito , Ichimura Tatsunosuke , Senmaru Naoto , Kaga Kichizo , Matsui Yoshiro
Published: October 2016

Key Clinical Message

Splenic injury is one of the most critical complications of chest tube insertion and often requires invasive emergency management. However, noninvasive management such as delayed removal of the malpositioned tube may be considered for a stable patient without severe adverse event.
The Immobilization of a Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyst on Colloidal Particles
Authors: van Ravensteijn Bas G. P. , Schild Dirk‐Jan , Kegel Willem K. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we report a new synthetic procedure to immobilize a transfer hydrogenation catalyst on the surface of colloidal polystyrene particles. Using supports of colloidal dimensions allows for combining a relatively high surface area for catalyst binding, mobility of the catalyst, and facile recovery by centrifugation or sedimentation. The immobilization procedure relies on the covalent attachment of terpyridine moieties on the particle surface. These immobilized terpyridines are subsequently employed as colloidal ligands, which participate in the formation of an active ruthenium‐based transfer hydrogenation catalyst. The resulting functional colloidal particles successfully catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone with 2‐propanol as the hydrogen donor. Thorough analysis of the chemical composition of the colloidal surface led to the determination of the catalyst loading per particle. This enabled us to conduct reference hydrogenations with equal concentrations of the homogeneous transfer hydrogenation catalyst to probe the effect of the immobilization procedure on the catalytic activity. Despite a decrease in transfer hydrogenation activity, full acetophenone conversion is still achievable within 24 h. Preliminary experiments show that the catalytic colloids are recyclable without significant loss of transfer hydrogenation activity.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones from Ketimines with Hexacarbonylmolybdenum(0) as the Carbon Monoxide Source
Authors: Wang Zechao , Zhu Fengxiang , Li Yahui , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: October 2016

An interesting procedure for the palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of 3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones from ketimines was established. By using Mo(CO)6 (0.3 equiv.) as the solid CO source and through C(sp2)−H bond activation, the desired 3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones were isolated in moderate to good yields.
Enzymatic versus Electrocatalytic Oxidation of NADH at Carbon‐Nanotube Electrodes Modified with Glucose Dehydrogenases: Application in a Bucky‐Paper‐Based Glucose Enzymatic Fuel Cell
Authors: Lalaoui Noémie , Means Nicolas , Walgama Charuksha , Le Goff Alan , Holzinger Michael , Krishnan Sadagopan , Cosnier Serge
Published: October 2016

In this work, we have designed and compared functionalized carbon‐nanotube‐based electrodes for the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH. We show that oxidation of NADH at neutral pH values can be performed by pristine multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and directly wired diaphorase or ruthenium phenanthrolinequinone molecular catalysts. Glucose dehydrogenase was immobilized on these MWCNT electrodes by an activated‐ester‐modified pyrene linker. Glucose‐oxidizing bioelectrodes were compared and integrated into a bucky‐paper‐based glucose/O2 biofuel cell, using a bilirubin‐oxidase‐modified bucky‐paper cathode. The best configuration was obtained using a NADH‐oxidizing molecular catalyst at the anode. The biofuel cell exhibits an open‐circuit voltage of 0.62 V and delivers a power output of 0.47 mW cm−2.
Mechanism and Applications of the Photoredox Catalytic Coupling of Benzyl Bromides
Authors: Park Gyurim , Yi Seung Yeon , Jung Jaehun , Cho Eun Jin , You Youngmin
Published: October 2016

The photoredox catalytic coupling of halomethyl arenes to bibenzyl derivatives has been demonstrated. The catalytic protocol employed the Hantzsch ester, potassium phosphate, and a photoactive cyclometalated IrIII complex catalyst. A photochemical quantum yield as high as 20 % was obtained. The catalytic mechanism was investigated in detail by performing photophysical and electrochemical measurements, as well as by quantum chemical calculations. The results suggest that two‐electron mediation might be responsible for the improved photon economy. The reaction protocol was compatible with halomethyl arenes that contain a variety of functional groups. Finally, the synthetic utility of our protocol was demonstrated by the preparation of a natural dihydrostilbenoid, brittonin A.
Key Non‐Metal Ingredients for Cu‐catalyzed “Click” Reactions in Glycerol: Nanoparticles as Efficient Forwarders
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Marta , Llanes Patricia , Pradel Christian , Pericàs Miquel A. , Gómez Montserrat
Published: October 2016

The effect of long‐alkyl‐chain amines in CuI‐assisted azide–alkyne cycloadditions of terminal alkynes with organic azides in glycerol and other environmentally benign solvents (water, ethanol) has been examined. The presence of these additives favors the in situ formation of CuI‐based nanoparticles and results in an increase of the catalytic reactivity. In glycerol, liquid‐phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, enabled by the negligible vapor pressure of this solvent, proved that CuI nanoparticles are responsible for the observed catalytic activity. The wide variety of alkynes and azides of which this effect has been investigated (14 combinations) confirms the role played by these additives in Cu‐catalyzed Huisgen cycloadditions.
Metal‐Free Benzylic C−H Amination via Electrochemically Generated Benzylaminosulfonium Ions
Authors: Hayashi Ryutaro , Shimizu Akihiro , Song Yetao , Ashikari Yosuke , Nokami Toshiki , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: October 2016

Electrochemical oxidation of toluene derivatives in the presence of N‐tosyldiphenylsulfilimine gave the corresponding benzylaminosulfonium ions, which were treated with tetrabutylammonium iodide under non‐electrolytic conditions to give N‐tosylbenzylamines. The transformation serves as a metal‐ and chemical‐oxidant‐free method for benzylic C−H amination. Because of high oxidation potential of N‐tosyldiphenylsulfilimine the present method can be applied to synthesis of various benzylamines from functionalized toluene derivatives.
Reactions of Trimethylaluminium: Modelling the Chemical Degradation of Synthetic Lubricants
Authors: Slaughter Jonathan , Peel Andrew J. , Wheatley Andrew E. H.
Published: October 2016

In investigating and seeking to mimic the reactivity of trimethylaluminium (TMA) with synthetic, ester‐based lubricating oils, the reaction of methyl propionate 1 was explored with 1, 2 and 3 equivalents of the organoaluminium reagent. Spectroscopic analysis points to the formation of the adduct 1(TMA) accompanied only by the low level 1:1 production of Me2AlOCEtMe2 2 and Me2AlOMe 3 when an equimolar amount of TMA is applied. The deployment of excess TMA favours reaction to give 2 and 3 over 1(TMA) adduct formation and spectroscopy reveals that in hydrocarbon solution substitution product 2 traps unreacted TMA to yield 2(TMA). The 1H NMR spectroscopic observation of two Al−Me signals not attributable to free TMA and in the ratio 1:4 suggests the formation of a previously only postulated, symmetrical metallacycle in Me4Al2(μ2‐Me)(μ2‐OCEtMe2). In the presence of 3, 2(TMA) undergoes thermally induced exchange to yield Me4Al2(μ2‐OMe)(μ2‐OCEtMe2) 4 and TMA. The reaction of methyl phenylacetate 5 with TMA allows isolation of the crystalline product Me2AlOCBnMe2(TMA) 6(TMA), which allows the first observation of the Me4Al2(μ2‐Me)(μ2‐OR) motif in the solid state. Distances of 2.133(3) Å (Al−Mebridging) and 1.951 Å (mean Al−Meterminal) are recorded. The abstraction of TMA from 6(TMA) by the introduction of Et2O has yielded 6, which exists as a dimer.
Claisen–Schmidt condensation: Synthesis of (1S,6R)/(1R,6S)‐2‐oxo‐N,4,6‐triarylcyclohex‐3‐enecarboxamide derivatives with different substituents in H2O/EtOH
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Rasul
Published: October 2016

A simple, green, and direct three‐component condensation of acetophenone, aromatic aldehydes with 3‐oxo‐N‐phenylbutanamide (acetoacetanilide) to generate some novel (1S,6R)/(1R,6S)‐2‐oxo‐N,4,6‐triarylcyclohex‐3‐enecarboxamide derivatives was carried out over K2CO3 (10 mol%) with high efficiency in water/ethanol as green solvent at room temperature. This protocol proceeded via Claisen–Schmidt condensation and Michael addition. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as short reaction time, high yield, more readily available and inexpensive materials, more environmentally friendly, no need for column chromatography, simple work‐up procedure, and the absence of volatile and hazardous organic solvents.
Elektrochrome Fenster mit leitenden Polymeren
Authors: Rendón‐Enríquez Ibeth N. , Tausch Michael W. , Scherf Ullrich
Published: October 2016

Es wird der Bau eines kostengünstigen Potentiostats und einer elektrochemischen Zelle beschrieben, die für potentiostatische Abscheidungen von leitenden Polymeren auf FTO‐beschichtete Gläser eingesetzt wurden. Ein literaturbekanntes elektrochromes Fenster wurde hergestellt und mit dem Potentiostat getestet. Darüber hinaus wurde ein neues Fenster mit einer zusätzlichen elektrochemisch abgeschiedenen Polymerschicht konzipiert und erstmalig hergestellt, dessen Elektrochromie ausgeprägter ist als beim Literaturbeispiel. Die dafür notwendigen Chemikalien sind ebenso wie das gesamte Equipment preisgünstig.
The effectiveness of deservingness‐based advertising messages: The role of product knowledge and belief in a just world
Authors: Hafer Carolyn L. , Mantonakis Antonia , Fitzgerald Regan , Bogaert Anthony F.
Published: October 2016

Are advertisements that tell consumers they deserve a product effective? Given evidence showing people are motivated to get what they deserve, we argue that for certain consumers this is the case. In two experiments, we manipulated the type of ad participants viewed for a luxury product and then assessed ad effectiveness. We also measured participants’ belief in a just world (BJW) and product knowledge. Deservingness‐based ads were (a) more effective for strong BJW participants, mediated by the degree to which the ads matched participants’ worldview and justified buying the product, and (b) less effective for high knowledge participants. We conclude that deservingness‐based advertising can be successful, depending on consumer characteristics. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical Bayesian small area estimation for circular data
Authors: Hernandez‐Stumpfhauser Daniel , Breidt F. Jay , Opsomer Jean D.
Published: October 2016

We consider small area estimation for the departure times of recreational anglers along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. A Bayesian area‐level Fay–Herriot model is considered to obtain estimates of the departure time distribution functions. The departure distribution functions are modelled as circular distributions plus area‐specific errors. The circular distributions are modelled as projected normal, and a regression model is specified to borrow information across domains. Estimation is conducted through the use of a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler and a projective approach onto the probability simplex.The Canadian Journal of Statistics44: 416–430; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Structural Simplification of Bedaquiline: the Discovery of 3‐(4‐(N,N‐Dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl)quinoline‐Derived Antitubercular Lead Compounds
Authors: He Chunxian , Preiss Laura , Wang Bin , Fu Lei , Wen Hui , Zhang Xiang , Cui Huaqing , Meier Thomas , Yin Dali
Published: October 2016

Bedaquiline (BDQ) is a novel and highly potent last‐line antituberculosis drug that was approved by the US FDA in 2013. Owing to its stereo‐structural complexity, chemical synthesis and compound optimization are rather difficult and expensive. This study describes the structural simplification of bedaquiline while preserving antitubercular activity. The compound's structure was split into fragments and reassembled in various combinations while replacing the two chiral carbon atoms with an achiral linkage instead. Four series of analogues were designed; these candidates retained their potent antitubercular activity at sub‐microgram per mL concentrations against both sensitive and multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Six out of the top nine MIC‐ranked candidates were found to inhibit mycobacterial ATP synthesis activity with IC50 values between 20 and 40 μm, one had IC50>66 μm, and two showed no inhibition, despite their antitubercular activity. These results provide a basis for the development of chemically less complex, lower‐cost bedaquiline derivatives and describe the identification of two derivatives with antitubercular activity against non‐ATP synthase related targets.
Exploiting performance, dynamic power and energy scaling in full‐system simulators
Authors: Duenha Liana , Madalozzo Guilherme , Moraes Fernando Gehm , Azevedo Rodolfo
Published: October 2016

Energy consumption constraints have become a critical issue in Multiprocessor Systems on Chip (MPSoC) designs. Whereas processor performance comes with a high power cost, there is an increasing interest in exploring the trade‐off between power and performance, taking into account the target application domain. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques adaptively scale frequency or voltage level of CPU allowing it to reach just enough performance to process the system workload while meeting throughput constraints, and thereby, reducing the energy consumption. To explore this wide design space for energy efficiency and performance, hardware and software components, a system‐level simulation infrastructure must provide features to evaluate power savings mechanisms in early stages of the design. This paper presents an extension work of a framework for MPSoCs designs to support DVFS in MPSoCs simulators and evaluates three DVFS mechanisms. Our experiments show that applying DVFS in the system can save power and energy consumption, with negligible loss of performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deceleration of a Supersonic Beam of SrF Molecules to 120 m s−1
Authors: Mathavan Sreekanth C. , Zapara Artem , Esajas Quinten , Hoekstra Steven
Published: October 2016

A beam of SrF molecules is decelerated from 290 to 120 m s−1. Following supersonic expansion, the molecules in the X2Σ (ν=0, N=1) low‐field‐seeking state are trapped by the moving potential wells of a traveling‐wave Stark decelerator. With a deceleration strength of 9.6 km s−2 the removal of 85 % of the initial kinetic energy in a 4 m‐long modular decelerator is demonstrated. The absolute amount of kinetic energy removed is a factor of 1.5 higher compared to previous Stark‐deceleration experiments. The demonstrated decelerator provides a novel tool for the creation of highly collimated and slow beams of heavy diatomic molecules, which serve as a good starting point for high‐precision tests of fundamental physics.
A Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to CO with High Selectivity and Current Density
Authors: Jhong Huei‐Ru Molly , Tornow Claire E. , Smid Bretislav , Gewirth Andrew A. , Lyth Stephen M. , Kenis Paul J. A.
Published: October 2016

We report characterization of a non‐precious metal‐free catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO; namely, a pyrolyzed carbon nitride and multiwall carbon nanotube composite. This catalyst exhibits a high selectivity for production of CO over H2 (approximately 98 % CO and 2 % H2), as well as high activity in an electrochemical flow cell. The CO partial current density at intermediate cathode potentials (V=−1.46 V vs. Ag/AgCl) is up to 3.5× higher than state‐of‐the‐art Ag nanoparticle‐based catalysts, and the maximum current density is 90 mA cm−2. The mass activity and energy efficiency (up to 48 %) were also higher than the Ag nanoparticle reference. Moving away from precious metal catalysts without sacrificing activity or selectivity may significantly enhance the prospects of electrochemical CO2 reduction as an approach to reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions or as a method for load‐leveling in relation to the use of intermittent renewable energy sources.
Put disability‐discrimination claims to the ‘reasonableness’ test
Authors: Finnegan John F. , Hu Monvan
Published: October 2016

Higher education institutions are legally obligated to provide reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities.
Transcriptomic comparison of invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and their hybrids
Authors: Wang Jun , Lamer James T. , Gaughan Sarah , Wachholtz Michael , Wang Chenghui , Lu Guoqing
Published: October 2016

Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), collectively called bigheaded carps, are invasive species in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). Interspecific hybridization between bigheaded carps has been considered rare within their native rivers in China; however, it is prevalent in the MRB. We conducted de novo transcriptome analysis of pure and hybrid bigheaded carps and obtained 40,759 to 51,706 transcripts for pure, F1 hybrid, and backcross bigheaded carps. The search against protein databases resulted in 20,336–28,133 annotated transcripts (over 50% of the transcriptome) with over 13,000 transcripts mapped to 23 Gene Ontology biological processes and 127 KEGG metabolic pathways. More transcripts were detected in silver carp than in bighead carp; however, comparable numbers of transcripts were annotated. Transcriptomic variation detected between two F1 hybrids may indicate a potential loss of fitness in hybrids. The neighbor‐joining distance tree constructed using over 2,500 one‐to‐one orthologous sequences suggests transcriptomes could be used to infer the history of introgression and hybridization. Moreover, we detected 24,792 candidate SNPs that can be used to identify different species. The transcriptomes, orthologous sequences, and candidate SNPs obtained in this study should provide further knowledge of interspecific hybridization and introgression.
Substantial long‐term effects of carcass addition on soil and plants in a grassy eucalypt woodland
Authors: Barton Philip S. , McIntyre Sue , Evans Maldwyn John , Bump Joseph K. , Cunningham Saul A. , Manning Adrian D.
Published: October 2016

The decomposition of large vertebrate carcasses generates small‐scale disturbances characterized by changes in soil chemistry and new opportunities for plant establishment. Yet few studies have examined whether this effect is still evident several years after death, or has consequences for landscape‐scale heterogeneity. We examined soil chemistry and plant species richness and composition at 12 kangaroo carcasses (~30 kg initial mass) five years after their initial placement. Each carcass was paired with a nearby “control” site for comparison. We found that soil phosphorus was eight times higher at carcasses than at control sites, but that nitrogen concentration was similar. We also found that plant composition was substantially different between each carcass and control pair, with 80% of carcasses dominated by exotic species (mostly weedy annuals). Notably, overall variability in plant species composition across carcass sites was not different from the variability at control sites, indicating that the colonization of carcasses by weedy species did not have a homogenizing effect on plant assemblages across our study landscape. Our study demonstrates that a localized effect of large vertebrate carcasses on soil and plants was still evident after five years, indicating a state shift in the soil–plant dynamics at a carcass site. However, the effect of carcasses on landscape‐scale plant community heterogeneity was minimal because colonization was by weedy plants already present in the landscape.
Sex‐dependent spatial structure of telomere length in a wild long‐lived scavenger
Authors: Gangoso Laura , Lambertucci Sergio A. , Cabezas Sonia , Alarcón Pablo A. E. , Wiemeyer Guillermo M. , Sanchez‐Zapata José A. , Blanco Guillermo , Hiraldo Fernando , Donázar José A.
Published: October 2016

Sex‐related divergences in many phenotypic traits, such as morphology, physiology, and behavior, have widely been described in animals. These asymmetries may adapt the sexes to different subniches, but also may produce sex‐specific optima for life‐history traits, as well as different costs. In birds, long movements in search of food and intraspecific competition may entail important metabolic costs that can be predicted to be unequal if both sexes perform somehow differently. However, the extent to which sex‐specific individual movements, foraging strategies and social dominance relationships are correlated with physiological costs has rarely been evaluated. The effects of prolonged exposure to stressors can be mirrored in accelerated cellular damage and aging as well as in the by‐products resulting from the activation of the stress response machinery. Both indicators, measured as telomere length and the concentration of feather corticosterone (CORTf), respectively, would reflect physiological costs at different time frames. Here, on the basis of information provided by GPS‐tagged Andean condors, a sexually dimorphic scavenger with a highly despotic social system, we determined whether sex‐specific movement patterns correlated to variation in telomere length and CORTf levels. We found a striking pattern of spatial structure of telomere length that was, in addition, sex‐specific; males breeding farther from feeding grounds exhibited longer telomeres, while the opposite pattern was found in females. Nevertheless, telomere length was not related to the range of movements performed by condors. We also found that females displayed higher CORTf values than males, regardless of the location of their nests, which is likely related to social dominance hierarchy and sexual size dimorphism. Sex‐specific optima for trade‐offs associated with ecological factors might underlie the fact that populations are spatially structured from a telomere‐length perspective, which has never been described before.
An exploratory randomized control study of combination cytokine and adult autologous bone marrow progenitor cell administration in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy: the REGENERATE‐IHD clinical trial
Authors: Choudhury Tawfiq , Mozid Abdul , Hamshere Steve , Yeo Chia , Pellaton Cyril , Arnous Samer , Saunders Natalie , Brookman Pat , Jain Ajay , Locca Didier , Archbold Andrew , Knight Charles , Wragg Andrew , Davies Ceri , Mills Peter , Parmar Mahesh , Rothman Martin , Choudry Fizzah , Jones Daniel A. , Agrawal Samir , Martin John , Mathur Anthony
Published: October 2016

Aims

The effect of combined cytokine and cell therapy in ischaemic cardiomyopathy is unknown. Meta‐analyses suggest improved cardiac function with cell therapy. The optimal cell delivery route remains unclear. We investigated whether granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) alone or in combination with intracoronary (i.c.) or intramyocardial (i.m.) injection of autologous bone marrow‐derived cells (BMCs) improves cardiac function.

Methods and results

Ninety patients with symptomatic ischaemic cardiomyopathy and no further treatment options were enrolled in the randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐centre REGENERATE‐IHD study. Randomization was to one of three arms: peripheral, i.c., or i.m. In each arm, patients were randomized to active treatment or placebo. All patients, apart from the peripheral placebo group (saline only) received G‐CSF for 5 days. The i.c. and i.m. arms received either BMCs or serum (placebo). The primary endpoint was change in LVEF at 1 year assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography. The i.m. BMC group showed a significant improvement in LVEF of 4.99% (95% confidence interval 0.33–9.6%; P = 0.038) at 1 year. This group also showed a reduction in NYHA class at 1 year and NT‐proBNP at 6 months. No other group showed a significant change in LVEF. This finding is supported by post‐hoc between‐group comparisons.

Conclusion

We have shown that G‐CSF combined with autologous i.m. BMCs has a beneficial effect on cardiac function and symptoms. However, this result should be considered preliminary in support of a clinical benefit of i.m. stem cell infusion in ‘no option’ patients and needs further exploration in a larger study.
In‐hospital and 1‐year mortality associated with diabetes in patients with acute heart failure: results from the ESC‐HFA Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry
Authors: Targher Giovanni , Dauriz Marco , Laroche Cécile , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Hassanein Mahmoud , Seferovic Petar M. , Drozdz Jaroslaw , Ferrari Roberto , Anker Stephan , Coats Andrew , Filippatos Gerasimos , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. , Mebazaa Alexandre , Piepoli Massimo F. , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Tavazzi Luigi ,   ESC‐HFA HF Long‐Term Registry investigators
Published: October 2016

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in‐hospital and 1‐year prognostic impact of diabetes and elevated blood glucose levels at hospital admission in patients with acute heart failure (HF).

Methods and results

We studied a multinational cohort of 6926 hospitalized patients with acute HF enrolled in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and Heart Failure Association (HFA) Long‐Term Registry, of whom 49.4% (n = 3422) had known or previously undiagnosed diabetes (defined as self‐reported history, or medication use, or fasting glucose levels ≥7.0 mmol/L or haemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%). Compared with those without diabetes, patients with known or previously undiagnosed diabetes had higher cumulative rates of in‐hospital mortality, 1‐year mortality, and 1‐year HF re‐hospitalization that occurred independently of multiple clinical risk factors: in‐hospital mortality [6.8 vs. 4.4%; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.774; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.282–2.456, P < 0.001], 1‐year all‐cause mortality (27.5 vs. 24%; adjusted HR 1.162; 95% CI 1.020–1.325, P = 0.024), and 1‐year hospital re‐admissions for HF (23.2 vs. 18.5%; adjusted HR 1.320; 95% CI 1.139–1.530, P < 0.001). Moreover, elevated admission blood glucose concentrations were powerfully prognostic for in‐hospital mortality, but not for 1‐year mortality or re‐hospitalizations, in both patients with and without diabetes.

Conclusions

Among patients hospitalized for acute HF, the presence of diabetes is independently associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality, 1‐year all‐cause mortality, and 1‐year re‐hospitalizations for HF, underscoring the need for more effective and personalized treatments of diabetes in this particularly high‐risk patient population.
Ligand‐Flexibility Controlled and Solvent‐Induced Nuclearity Conversion in CuII‐Based Catecholase Models: A Deep Insight Through Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Dasgupta Sanchari , Majumder Ishani , Chakraborty Prateeti , Zangrando Ennio , Bauza Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Das Debasis
Published: October 2016

A Schiff‐base ligand, 4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐hydroxy‐1,1‐dimethylethylimino)methyl]phenol (HL1), and its reduced analogue 4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐hydroxy‐1,1‐dimethylethylamino)methyl]phenol (HL2) have been synthesized. Treatment of HL1 and HL2 with Cu(ClO4)2·6 H2O in the presence of sodium dicyanamide in MeOH and MeCN has been investigated. HL1 generates [Cu(L1)(MeOH)(dca)] (1) in MeOH (dca = dicyanamide) but [Cu2(L1)2(dca)2] (2) in MeCN. HL2 in MeOH produces [Cu4(L2)4(MeOH)2(ClO4)2] (3). On the other hand, in MeCN an interesting redox reaction is observed. CuII undergoes reduction, and [CuI(MeCN)4](ClO4) (4) is formed with concomitant oxidation of HL2 to HL1. The solvent‐dependent nuclearity change (i.e, conversion of mononuclear species 1 into dinuclear species 2) has been investigated by ESI‐MS, through the addition of MeCN to a methanolic solution of 1, and the origin of the conversion has been explained by means of DFT calculations. The catecholase activity of 1, 2 and 3 in MeCN and DMF has been investigated with the model substrates 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol (3,5‐DTBC), tetrachlorocatechol (TCC) and pyrocatechol (PRC). Compound 1 is inactive with all substrates, whereas 2 is active only with 3,5‐DTBC in DMF. In contrast, 3 – which exists as a dinuclear species in solution, as is evident from ESI‐MS – is highly active with all three substrates, especially in MeCN. The exceptionally high catalytic activity of 3 over 2 is likely to be due to the higher flexibility of the reduced Schiff‐base ligand in comparison with its Schiff base analogue.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Cobalt‐Doped Pt–Au Alloy Nanoparticles Supported on Ultrathin α‐Co(OH)2 Nanosheets and Their Enhanced Performance in the Reduction of p‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Long Yan , Li Jian , Wu Lanlan , Li Junqi , Wang Xiao , Yao Shuang , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: October 2016

Cobalt‐doped Pt–Au alloy nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution and small sizes of ca. 4 nm were deposited on ultrathin α‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets through a one‐pot method. The whole process could be divided into two steps: coreduction by NaBH4 and subsequent partial oxidation by air. The compositions of the as‐prepared y‐PtxAu100–x/Co(OH)2 (x = 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, y = 1 %, 10 %) materials can be accurately controlled by adjusting the amounts of the raw materials. The structure of y‐PtxAu100–x/Co(OH)2 was affected by the doped cobalt. The effects of ultrathin α‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets and the chemical composition of PtxAu100–x NPs on the catalytic activity for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) were investigated systematically. 1 %‐Pt50Au50/Co(OH)2 exhibits the most significantly enhanced catalytic activity. Its much higher activity than those of 1 %‐Pt/Co(OH)2, 1 %‐Au/Co(OH)2, and a physical mixture of Pt50Au50 nanoparticles and ultrathin α‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets suggests that there is a synergy between the Pt and Au and between the PtxAu100–x nanoparticles and the supports.
Recent Advances of Carbon Nanotubes‐based Electrochemical Immunosensors for the Detection of Protein Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Feng Taotao , Wang Yue , Qiao Xiuwen
Published: October 2016

An efficient electrochemical immunosensor can offer the potential for the detection of protein cancer biomarkers due to its high sensitivity, low cost and possible integration in compact analytical devices. In the last several years, researchers have developed various electrochemical immunoassay methods for the detection of protein cancer biomarkers. Significant progresses have been made in the study of electrochemical immunosensor that based on CNTs, especially in the fields of clinical screening and diagnosis of cancer field. This is because CNTs possess unique structural, mechanical and electronic properties that can decrease over‐potential and improve the sensitivity of electrochemical immunosensor. This paper reviews recent advances in the different modified strategies of constructing electrochemical immunosensor based on CNTs for detecting protein cancer biomarkers. CNTs or CNTs hybrid nanomaterials modified electrodes have been firstly introduced as the sensing platforms for the detection of protein cancer biomarkers. On the other hand, CNTs or functional CNTs used as labels in sandwich‐type electrochemical immunosensors have been systematically summarized. These novel strategies and the general principles could increase the sensitivity of the immunosensor, thereby overcoming the limitations of its application in the biosensing field.
Identity Processes and Statuses in Patients with and without Eating Disorders
Authors: Verschueren Margaux , Luyckx Koen , Kaufman Erin A. , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Moons Philip , Sleuwaegen Ellen , Berens Ann , Schoevaerts Katrien , Claes Laurence
Published: October 2016

Problems with identity formation are associated with a range of psychiatric disorders. Yet, the mechanisms underlying such problems and how they are refined into specific diagnostic presentations require further investigation. The present study investigated identity processes among 123 women with eating disorders (ED) and age‐matched community controls via a newly developed identity model. Several clinical outcome variables were assessed. Patients with ED scored lower on committing to and identifying with identity‐related choices and scored higher on maladaptive or ruminative exploration, identity diffusion and identity disorder. They also experienced less identity achievement as compared with controls. The identity disorder status was associated with the highest scores on anxiety, depression, borderline personality disorder symptoms, and non‐suicidal self‐injury and the lowest scores on need satisfaction. Results indicate that patients with ED experience more identity problems than community controls and those captured by an identity disorder status experience the most problematic psychosocial functioning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Influence of Parental Expressed Emotions on Children's Emotional Eating via Children's Negative Urgency
Authors: Munsch Simone , Dremmel Daniela , Kurz Susanne , De Albuquerque Jiske , Meyer Andrea H. , Hilbert Anja
Published: October 2016

We investigated whether parental expressed emotion (criticism and emotional overinvolvement) is related to children's emotional eating and whether this relationship is mediated by children's negative urgency. One hundred children, aged 8 to 13 years, either healthy or have binge‐eating disorder and/or attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, completed the questionnaires, along with their parents. Parental criticism and, to a lesser extent, parental emotional overinvolvement were both positively related to children's emotional eating, and this relationship was mediated by children's negative urgency. Further exploratory analyses revealed that the mediating role of children's negative urgency in the relationship between parental criticism and children's emotional eating was pronounced in the clinical group of children with binge‐eating disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder but almost absent in the healthy control group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
IMPLEMENTATION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF CHILD‐PARENT PSYCHOTHERAPY: THE ROLE OF REFLECTIVE CONSULTATION IN THE LEARNING COLLABORATIVE MODEL
Authors: Noroña Carmen Rosa , Acker Michelle L.
Published: October 2016

Recent implementation science in mental health has focused on identifying the most effective strategies to disseminate and implement evidence‐based treatments (EBTs) into real‐world practice settings. The learning collaborative training methodology and its use of expert trainers/consultants have become increasingly popular as one of these approaches. Moreover, there is preliminary evidence that ongoing expert consultation may increase the adoption, learning, and sustainability of EBTs by an already practicing workforce and, consequently, help trainers, practitioners, and organizations address implementation barriers. This article describes the authors’ experiences in facilitating Child‐Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) training and explores the role of reflective clinical consultation as an active process that supports the implementation of a rich, but complex, model that requires sophisticated knowledge and skills from practitioners. It examines the intricate range of the CPP consultant's functions, which ultimately support clinicians’ reflective practice as they learn and adopt this EBT. Reflective consultation is proposed as an essential component for the integration of knowledge, experience, and emotions in practitioners and as a catalyst for organizational change. Using their voices as trainers–consultants and those of their trainees, the authors discuss the implications of reflective consultation for the effective implementation and sustainability of CPP. Reflections are offered on lessons learned.
Field Tests and Behaviour Analysis of Saemangeum Inner Dike Construction with Geotextile Tube Method Applied
Authors: Park Jong Gun , Kim Hak Won , Ko Jeong Hee , Park Tae Sup
Published: October 2016

Geotextile tubes hydraulically or mechanically filled with dredged materials have been successfully applied to hydraulic and coastal engineering in recent years (e.g. shore protection structures, sea dikes, groins, jetties, detached breakwaters). This method is becoming popular and has been widely applied in the developed countries of the world. It is economical as well as useful, and enables us to store and isolate contaminated materials obtained from harbour dredging. In this study, a numerical analysis was performed to investigate the behaviour of geotextile tubes in terms of various properties of the material, shape condition and pumping pressure. The computer program GeoCoPS was employed for this analysis. Also, field tests were conducted in order to identify the construction workability of Saemangeum inner dike when the geotextile tube method is applied. In the field tests, geotextile tubes of 62 m in length and 4.0 m in diameter were used. The field tests found that geotextile tubes, when filled, did not have the same diameter as the unfilled theoretical one, but might reach approximately 55% of the theoretical diameter. At that time, the effective height of a geotextile tube was about 2.2 m. The behaviour during and after construction was measured to confirm the construction method and workability, which ended in successful identification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐molecule force spectroscopy applied to heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Nguyen Thi‐Huong
Published: October 2016

Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), occurring up to approximately 1% to 5% of patients receiving the antithrombotic drug heparins, has a complex pathogenesis involving multiple partners ranging from small molecules to cells/platelets. Recently, insights into the mechanism of HIT have been achieved by using single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), a methodology that allows direct measurements of interactions among HIT partners. Here, the potential of SMFS in unraveling the mechanism of the initial steps in the pathogenesis of HIT at single‐molecule resolution is highlighted. The new findings ranging from the molecular binding strengths and kinetics to the determination of the boundary between risk and non‐risk heparin drugs or platelet‐surface and platelet‐platelet interactions will be reviewed. These novel results together have contributed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying HIT and demonstrate how SMFS can be applied to develop safer drugs with a reduced risk profile.
Fluorodopa is a Promising Fluorine‐19 MRI Probe for Evaluating Striatal Dopaminergic Function in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Yanagisawa Daijiro , Oda Keisuke , Inden Masatoshi , Morikawa Shigehiro , Inubushi Toshiro , Taniguchi Takashi , Hijioka Masanori , Kitamura Yoshihisa , Tooyama Ikuo
Published: October 2016

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra projecting to the striatum. It has been estimated that approximately 80% of the striatal dopamine and 50% of nigral dopaminergic neurons are lost before the onset of typical motor symptoms, indicating that early diagnosis of PD using noninvasive imaging is feasible. Fluorine‐19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a highly sensitive, easily available, low‐background, and cost‐effective approach to evaluate dopaminergic function using non‐radioactive fluorine‐containing dopaminergic agents. The aim of this study was to find a potent 19F MRI probe to evaluate dopaminergic presynaptic function in the striatum. To select candidates for 19F MRI probes, we investigated the following eight non‐radioactive fluorine‐containing dopaminergic agents: fluorodopa (F‐DOPA), F‐tyrosine, haloperidol, GBR13069 duhydrochloride, GBR12909 duhydrochloride, 3‐bis‐(4‐fluorophenyl) methoxytropane hydrochloride, flupenthixol, and fenfluramine. In 19F nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, F‐tyrosine and F‐DOPA displayed a relatively higher signal‐to‐noise ratio value in brain homogenates than in others. F‐DOPA, but not F‐tyrosine, induced the rotational behavior in a 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced hemiparkinsonian rat model. In addition, a significantly high amount of F‐DOPA accumulated in the ipsilateral striatum of hemiparkinsonian rats after the injection. We performed 19F MRI in PC12 cells and isolated rat brain using a 7T MR scanner. Our findings suggest that F‐DOPA is a promising 19F MRI probe for evaluating dopaminergic presynaptic function in the striatum of hemiparkinsonian rats. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of layered zinc hydroxide intercalated with dodecyl sulfate organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite as a fiber coating for the headspace solid‐phase microextraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from water
Authors: Yousefi Vahid , Parastari Sheyda , Gorji Mohsen , Foroutani Reza , Mahdavi Mehri , Hazizadeh Behzad
Published: October 2016

We describe the synthesis of a layered zinc hydroxide‐dodecyl sulfate organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite as a new solid‐phase microextraction fiber. The fiber coating can be prepared easily in a short time and the reaction is at room temperature; it is mechanically stable and exhibits relatively high thermal stability. The synthesized layered zinc hydroxide‐dodecyl sulfate nanocomposite was successfully prepared and immobilized on a stainless steel wire and evaluated for the extraction of aromatic compounds from aqueous sample solutions in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The method yields good results for some validation parameters. Under optimum conditions (extraction time: 15 min, extraction temperature: 50°C, desorption time: 1 min, desorption temperature: 250°C, salt concentration: 0.5 g/mL), the limit of detection and dynamic linear range were 0.69–3.2 ng/L and 10–500 ng/L, respectively. The method was applied to the analyses of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o‐, p‐, and m‐xylenes in two real water samples collected from the Aji river and Mehran river, Tabriz, Iran. Under optimum conditions, the repeatability and reproducibility for one fiber (n = 3), expressed as the relative standard deviation, was 3.2–7.3% and 4.2–11.2% respectively. The fibers are thermally stable and yield better recoveries than conventional methods of analysis.
Characterization of an epoxide‐derived metabolite of dictamnine using high‐performance liquid chromatography with hybrid linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Feng Pinning , Hu Xinrong , Wu Xiaoliang , Dong Jun , Cai Xiuyu
Published: October 2016

Dictamnine (4‐methoxyfuro[2,3‐b]quinolone), a furoquinoline alkaloid of the Rutaceae plant family, has been reported to be a phototoxic and photomutagenic compound, whose exposure can cause carcinogenicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Metabolic activation is suggested to play an important role in dictamnine‐induced toxicities, and the epoxide metabolite of dictamnine has been reported to be the main intermediate in vitro. The objective of this study was to identify N‐acetylcysteine conjugate(s) derived from this reactive dictamnine metabolite in vitro and in vivo. An N‐acetylcysteine conjugate of dictamnine was detected in microsomal incubations of dictamnine, as well as bile and urine samples of rats treated with dictamnine. The data obtained from the present work will facilitate the understanding of the mechanism behind dictamnine‐induced toxicities.
Characterizations of Sobolev spaces associated to operators satisfying off‐diagonal estimates on balls
Authors: Zhang Junqiang , Chang Der‐Chen , Yang Dachun
Published: October 2016

Let
be a metric measure space of homogeneous type and L be a one‐to‐one operator of type ω on
for ω∈[0, π/2). In this article, under the assumptions that L has a bounded H∞‐functional calculus on
and satisfies (pL, qL) off‐diagonal estimates on balls, where pL∈[1, 2) and qL∈(2, ∞], the authors establish a characterization of the Sobolev space
, defined via Lα/2, of order α∈(0, 2] for p∈(pL, qL) by means of a quadratic function Sα, L. As an application, the authors show that for the degenerate elliptic operator Lw: =− w − 1div(A∇) and the Schrödinger type operator
with a∈(0, ∞) on the weighted Euclidean space
with A being real symmetric, if n⩾3,
with q∈[1, 2],
, p∈(1, ∞) and
with
, then, for all
,
, where the implicit equivalent positive constants are independent of f,
denotes the class of Muckenhoupt weights,
the reverse Hölder class, and D(Lw) and
the domains of Lw and
, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WFQEM‐based perturbation approach and its applications in analyzing nonlinear periodic structures
Authors: Liu Xinnan , Shi Zhifei
Published: October 2016

Based on the weak form quadrature element method, a perturbation approach is developed. Waves propagating in periodic beams on a nonlinear elastic foundation are studied by using the new proposed method. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by comparing the present results with those available in literatures in linear cases. Detailed modal analysis of the linear cases is conducted in order to obtain the dispersion relations of the nonlinear cases. The theoretical results show that the dispersion relations of the nonlinear cases are amplitude dependent. Furthermore, the effects of geometric parameters and degree of nonlinearity on the amplitude‐dependent dispersion relations are discussed in detail. This work provides a new method for analyzing the dispersion relations of nonlinear periodic structures and gives some useful guidelines for designing periodic beams or pipelines with nonlinear structure–foundation interaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sturmian comparison theory for half‐linear and nonlinear differential equations via Picone identity
Authors: Özbekler Abdullah
Published: October 2016

In this paper, Sturmian comparison theory is developed for the pair of second‐order differential equations; first of which is the nonlinear differential equations of the form

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4224:mma4224-math-0001
and the second is the half‐linear differential equations

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4224:mma4224-math-0002
where Φα(s) = |s|α − 1s and α1 > ⋯ > αm > β > αm + 1 > ⋯ > αn > 0. Under the assumption that the solution of  has two consecutive zeros, we obtain Sturm–Picone type and Leighton type comparison theorems for  by employing the new nonlinear version of Picone formula that we derive. Wirtinger type inequalities and several oscillation criteria are also attained for . Examples are given to illustrate the relevance of the results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.