bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A narrative review of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Yogeswaran Vidhushei , Wadden Elena , Szewczyk Warren , Barac Ana , Simon Michael S , Eaton Charles , Cheng Richard K , Reding Kerryn W
Published: May 2023

Advances in breast cancer (BC) treatment have contributed to improved survival, but BC survivors experience significant short-term and long-term cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, including an elevated risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Most research has focused on HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) after BC; however, recent studies suggest HFpEF is the more prevalent subtype after BC and is associated with substantial health burden. The increased HFpEF risk observed in BC survivors may be explained by treatment-related toxicity and by shared risk factors that heighten risk for both BC and HFpEF. Beyond risk factors with physiological impacts that drive HFpEF risk, such as hypertension and obesity, social determinants of health (SDOH) likely contribute to HFpEF risk after BC, impacting diagnosis, management and prognosis.

Increasing clinical awareness of HFpEF after BC and screening for cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, in particular hypertension, may be beneficial in this high-risk population. When BC survivors develop HFpEF, treatment focuses on initiating guideline-directed medical therapy and addressing underlying comorbidities with pharmacotherapy or behavioural intervention. HFpEF in BC survivors is understudied. Future directions should focus on improving HFpEF prevention and treatment by building a deeper understanding of HFpEF aetiology and elucidating contributing risk factors and their pathogenesis in HFpEF in BC survivors, in particular the association with different BC treatment modalities, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy and endocrine therapy, for example, aromatase inhibitors. In addition, characterising how SDOH intersect with these therapies is of paramount importance to develop future prevention and management strategies.
Fixed dose combination therapies in primary cardiovascular disease prevention in different groups: an individual participant meta-analysis
Authors: Dagenais Gilles R , Pais Prem , Gao Peggy , Roshandel Gholamreza , Malekzadeh Reza , Joseph Philip , Yusuf Salim
Published: May 2023

Objective

To evaluate the effects of fixed dose combination (FDC) medications on cardiovascular outcomes in different age groups in an individual participant meta-analysis of three primary prevention randomised trials.

Methods

Participants at intermediate risk (17.7% mean 10-year Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score), randomised to FDC of two or more antihypertensives and a statin with or without aspirin, or to their respective control, were followed up for 5 years. Age groups were <60, 60–65 and ≥65 years. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke or revascularisation. Cox proportional HRs and 95% CIs were computed within each age group.

Results

The primary outcome risk was reduced by 37% (3.3% in FDC vs 5.2% in control (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.74)) in the total population of 18 162 participants with larger benefits in older groups (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.78, 60 to 65 years) and (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.70, ≥65 years), as were their numbers needed to treat to avoid one primary outcome: 53 and 33, respectively. The primary outcome risk was reduced in the two oldest groups with FDC with aspirin (n=8951) by 54% and 54%, and without aspirin (n=12 061) by 34% and 38%. Dizziness, the most frequent FDC adverse effects, was higher in participants aged <65 years. Aspirin was not associated with significant bleeding excess.

Conclusions

In participants with intermediate cardiovascular risk, FDCs produce larger cardiovascular benefits in older individuals, which appear greater with aspirin.

Trial registration number

HOPE-3,NCT00468923; TIPS-3,NCT016464137; PolyIran,NCT01271985.
Prognostic implications of the immunohistochemical expression of perilipin 1 and adipophilin in high-grade liposarcoma
Authors: Kawaguchi Kengo , Kohashi Kenichi , Mori Taro , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Iwasaki Takeshi , Kinoshita Izumi , Susuki Yosuke , Furukawa Hiroshi , Endo Makoto , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Nakashima Yasuharu , Oda Yoshinao
Published: May 2023

Aims

Liposarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumour with adipocytic differentiation. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) and myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) are classified as high-grade liposarcomas. Lipid droplet-associated protein (also known as perilipin 1 (PLIN1)) is the predominant perilipin and has utility as a specific marker of adipogenic differentiation. Adipose differentiation-related protein (also known as adipophilin (ADRP)) is ubiquitously expressed in a range of tissues. High ADRP expression is reportedly a poor prognostic factor in several cancer types. However, no previous studies have examined the association between PLIN1 or ADRP expression and prognosis in sarcoma. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the association between PLIN1 or ADRP expression and prognosis in liposarcoma.

Methods

In total, 97 primary resection specimens (53 MLS and 44 DDLS) were examined in this study. PLIN1 and ADRP expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Survival analyses were performed for MLS and DDLS.

Results

Of the 53 MLS specimens, 15 (28.3%) exhibited high PLIN1 expression. PLIN1 expression was not observed in DDLS specimens. High PLIN1 expression was significantly associated with increased disease-free survival (DFS) among patients with MLS (p=0.045). Distinct ADRP expression was observed in 13 of 53 (24.5%) MLS specimens and 5 of 44 (11.4%) DDLS specimens. High ADRP expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in MLS (p=0.042) and DFS and shorter OS in DDLS (p=0.024 and p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

PLIN1 and ADRP expression is associated with poor prognosis in high-grade liposarcoma.
Landscape of cancer biomarker testing in England following genomic services reconfiguration: insights from a nationwide pathologist survey
Authors: Taniere Phillipe , Nicholson Andrew G , Gosney John R , Montero Fernandez Maria Angeles , Bury Danielle , Moore David Allan , Verghese Eldo , Soomro Irshad , Joseph Leena , Bhatt Nidhi , Viola Patrizia , Bains Rozinder , Lanctot Adrienne G , Ryan Jacqueline
Published: May 2023

Aims

Cancer diagnostics have been evolving rapidly. In England, the new National Health Service Genomic Medicine Service (GMS) provides centralised access to genomic testing via seven regional Genomic Laboratory Hubs. The PATHways survey aimed to capture pathologists’ experience with current diagnostic pathways and opportunities for optimisation to ensure equitable and timely access to biomarker testing.

Methods

A nationwide survey was conducted with consultant pathologists from regional laboratories, via direct interviews based on a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis of responses was undertaken using quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results

Fifteen regional centres completed the survey covering a median population size of 2.5 (1.9–3.6) million (each for n=12). The median estimated turnaround time (calendar days) for standard molecular markers in melanoma, breast and lung cancers ranged from 2 to 3 days by immunohistochemistry (excluding NTRKfus in breast and lung cancers, and PD-L1 in melanoma) and 6–15 days by real-time-PCR (excluding KIT for melanoma), to 17.5–24.5 days by next-generation sequencing (excludingPIK3CAfor breast cancer). Tests were mainly initiated by pathologists and oncologists. All respondents discussed the results at multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings. The GMS roll-out was perceived to have high impact on services by 53% of respondents, citing logistical and technical issues. Enhanced education on new pathways, tissue requirements, report interpretation, providing patient information and best practice sharing was suggested for pathologists and other MDT members.

Conclusion

Our survey highlighted the role of regional pathology within the evolving diagnostic landscape in England. Notable recommendations included improved communication and education, active stakeholder engagement, and tackling informatics barriers.
Prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced myocarditis: a case series
Authors: Coustal Cyrille , Vanoverschelde Juliette , Quantin Xavier , Lesage Candice , Michot Jean-Marie , Lappara Ariane , Ederhy Stephane , Assenat Eric , Faure Maxime , Issa Nahema , Lambotte Olivier , Puyade Mathieu , Dereure Olivier , Tosi Diego , Rullier Patricia , Serre Isabelle , Larcher Romaric , Klouche Kada , Chanques Gérald , Vernhet-Kovacsik Hélène , Faillie Jean-Luc , Agullo Audrey , Roubille François , Guilpain Philippe , Maria Alexandre Thibault Jacques
Published: May 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have transformed cancer treatment over the last decade. Alongside this therapeutic improvement, a new variety of side effects has emerged, called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), potentially affecting any organ. Among these irAEs, myocarditis is rare but life-threatening.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional retrospective study with the aim of better characterizing ICI-related myocarditis. Myocarditis diagnosis was based on the recent consensus statement of the International Cardio-Oncology Society.

Results

Twenty-nine patients were identified, from six different referral centers. Most patients (55%) were treated using anti-programmed-death 1, rather than ICI combination (35%) or anti-programmed-death-ligand 1 (10%). Transthoracic echocardiography was abnormal in 52% of them, and cardiac magnetic resonance showed abnormal features in 14/24 patients (58%). Eleven patients (38%) were classified as severe. Compared with other patients, they had more frequently pre-existing systemic autoimmune disease (45% vs 6%, p=0.018), higher troponin level on admission (42-fold the upper limit vs 3.55-fold, p=0.001), and exhibited anti-acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies (p=0.001). Seven patients (24%) had myocarditis-related death, and eight more patients died from cancer progression during follow-up. Twenty-eight patients received glucocorticoids, 10 underwent plasma exchanges, 8 received intravenous immunoglobulins, and 5 other immunosuppressants. ICI rechallenge was performed in six patients, with only one myocarditis relapse.

Discussion

The management of ICI-related myocarditis may be challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Prognostic features are herein described and may help to allow ICI rechallenge for some patients with smoldering presentation, after an accurate evaluation of benefit–risk balance.
Genetic dissection ofHLA-DRB1*15:01and XL9 region variants in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: primary role forHLA-DRB1*15:01
Authors: Kawasaki Aya , Kusumawati Premita Ari , Kawamura Yuka , Kondo Yuya , Kusaoi Makio , Amano Hirofumi , Kusanagi Yasuyoshi , Itoh Kenji , Fujimoto Takashi , Tamura Naoto , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Matsumoto Isao , Sumida Takayuki , Tsuchiya Naoyuki
Published: May 2023

Objective

Major histocompatibility complex strongly contributes to susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the European populations,HLA-DRB1*03:01andDRB1*15:01are susceptibility alleles, butC4locus was reported to account for the association ofDRB1*03:01. With respect toDRB1*15:01, strong linkage disequilibrium with a variant rs2105898T in the XL9 region, located betweenDRB1andDQA1and regulates HLA-class II expression levels, was reported; however, the causative allele remains to be determined. Leveraging the genetic background of the Japanese population, whereDRB1*15:01andDRB1*15:02are commonly present and onlyDRB1*15:01is associated with SLE, this study aimed to distinguish the genetic contribution ofDRB1*15:01and XL9 variants.

Methods

Among the XL9 variants, two (rs2105898 and rs9271593) previously associated variants in the European populations and two (rs9271375 and rs9271378) which showed a trend towards association in a Japanese Genome-Wide Association Study were selected. Associations of the XL9 variants andHLA-DRB1were examined in 442 Japanese SLE patients and 779 controls. Genotyping of the XL9 variants was performed by TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay and direct sequencing.HLA-DRB1alleles were determined by PCR-reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes.

Results

Among the XL9 variants, associations of rs2105898T and rs9271593C were replicated in the Japanese population. However, these associations became no longer significant when conditioned onDRB1*15:01. In contrast, the association ofDRB1*15:01remained significant after conditioning on the XL9 variants.

Conclusion

In the Japanese population,HLA-DRB1*15:01was found to be primarily associated with SLE, and to account for the apparent association of XL9 region.
Update to the design and methods of the PATH Study, Wave 4 (2016–2017)
Authors: Opsomer Jean D , Dohrmann Sylvia , DiGaetano Ralph , Piesse Andrea , Taylor Ethel , Creamer MeLisa R , Han Daifeng , Everard Colm , Borek Nicolette , Hubbard Frost , Zandberg Izabella , Kanel Moana , Taylor Kristie , Kimmel Heather L , Paredes Antonio , Siegfried Yumiko , Cheng Yu-Ching , Kwan Jonathan , Carusi Charles , Hyland Andrew
Published: May 2023

The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a nationally representative study of the US population on tobacco use and its effects on health, with four waves of data collection between 2013 and 2017. Prior work described the methods of the first three waves. In this paper, we describe the methods of Wave 4, during which a replenishment sample was added to the ongoing cohort. We describe the design and estimation methods of the continuing Wave 1 cohort (with four waves of data) and the Wave 4 cohort (the new cohort created at Wave 4). We provide survey quality metrics, including response rates for both cohorts and a panel conditioning analysis, and guidance on understanding the target populations for both cohorts.
Influence of the saturation effect on the Zeeman and hfs spectra
Authors: Sobolewski Ł. M. , Kwela J.
Published: May 2023

The technique of laser absorption spectroscopy is widely used in the study of the atomic structure. In order to thoroughly analyze the recorded structure of complex atoms, the effect of saturation must be taken into account. In the current paper we present a method of analysis of Zeeman and hyperfine structures spectra obtained with the use of laser spectroscopy, which allows to take into account the effect of saturation.

Graphic abstract
Significance of induced magnetic field and thermal radiation: Dynamics of Newtonian fluids subject to viscous dissipation due to temperature gradient
Authors: Sharma Ram Prakash , Ahmed S. , Devaki P. , Allipudi Subba Rao
Published: May 2023

This work is focused on Magneto hydrodynamic unsteady flow of Newtonian fluid flow over a perpendicular porous plate along with chemical reaction, heat, and mass transfer. The induced magnetic field and viscous and magnetic dissipation properties are considered throughout the porous plate. Heat source is the added effect in the model to observe the nature of flow in this work. This study finds its applications in understanding the storage of flues, disposal of radioactive waste materials, flow in water purifies, etc. The nonlinear behavior of the governing equation motivates us to use a finite difference approach for solving equations. The major resolution of this research is to work on how the physical elements affect velocity, temperature, concentration, and magnetic field. Fascinating facts are noticed as the unsteady fluid velocity rises with the heat source parameter because as the heat of a material increases, the movement of the fluid particle will be fast. Due to the presence of a magnetic field high thermal radiation is observed at high temperature and concentration. As the magnetic parameter and magnetic field are inversely proportional according to an induced magnetic field, it is noticed that their magnetic field declines for higher values of magnetic Prandtl number & magnetic parameter. This work has dynamic prominence in the field of medicine and engineering, which develops interest among young researchers.
Dynamics of ferromagnetic cross fluid flow capturing magnetic dipole and radiation aspects
Authors: Tabrez M. , Hobiny A. , Waqas M. , Khan W. A. , Hussain I.
Published: May 2023

Increasing population around the globe due to promotion of industries has created severe problems for human beings like shortage of existing fossil fuels, energy crisis, climate change which are major hurdles for human survival on the planet. To solve all these problems, researchers recommended two appropriate solutions, one of them is to promote thermal energy which is environmentally friendly source of energy and other solution is promotion of ferro-fluid usage as an effective medium for transmission of heat. In recent study, we considered the impacts of thermal energy along with magnetic effects and compute its results. This work is done by using appropriate similarity variables to obtain the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from set of partial differential equations (PDEs). We solved the resultant ODEs numerically by means of a famous numerical method termed as bvp4c. Here, effects of Weissenberg parameter, power law index, Curie temperature and radiation parameter are determined for velocity and temperature profiles. Furthermore, graphical representations of velocity as well as thermal gradients are computed. The effects of various parameters on Nusselt number are deliberated and expressed in tabular form. Velocity of magnetized cross ferro-fluid dwindles for [Formula: see text] and n. Moreover, it is detected that temperature of ferro-fluid deteriorates for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
EXPLICIT OPTICAL DROMIONS WITH KERR LAW HAVING FRACTIONAL TEMPORAL EVOLUTION
Authors: WANG GANGWEI , ZHOU QIN , ALSHOMRANI ALI SALEH , BISWAS ANJAN
Published: May 2023

In this work, we derived the (2+1)-dimensional Schrödinger equation from the (2+1)-dimensional Klein–Gordon equation. We also obtained the fractional order form of this equation at the same time so as to discover the connection between them. For the (2+1)-dimensional Klein–Gordon equation, symmetries and conservation laws are pres ented. For different gauge constraint, from the perspective of conservation laws, the corresponding symmetries are obtained. After that, based on the fractional complex transform, soliton solutions of the time fractional (2+1)-dimensional Schrödinger equation are displayed. Some figures are showed behaviors of soliton solutions. It is important to discover the relationships between these equations and to obtain their explicit solutions. These solutions will perhaps provide a theoretical basis for the explanation of complex nonlinear phenomena. From the results of this paper, it is clear that the Lie symmetry method is a particularly important tool for dealing with differential equations.
Proactive outcome monitoring and standardisation of physiotherapy stroke rehabilitation — A retrospective functional outcomes analysis of Accelerated Stroke Ambulation Programme (ASAP)
Authors: Chung Bryan Ping Ho , Lau Titanic Fuk On
Published: May 2023

Background: A clinical quality improvement programme named Accelerated Stroke Ambulation Programme (ASAP) was piloted in Physiotherapy Department of Tai Po Hospital from 1st October 2019 to 30th September 2020 and executed as a standard practice afterwards. The goal of ASAP was to facilitate early maximal walking ability of stroke patients in early rehabilitation phase. ASAP featured (1) proactive outcome monitoring and standardised process compliance monitoring by a patient database — Stroke Registry; (2) standardised mobility prediction by Reference Modified Rivermead Mobility Index (MRMI) Gain and (3) standardised intervention database — Stroke Treatment Library. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of ASAP in an inpatient rehabilitation setting for stroke patients in terms of functional outcomes. Methods: The design was a retrospective comparative study to analyse the difference in functional outcomes of Pre-ASAP Group (1st October 2018 - 30th September 2019) and Post-ASAP Group (1st October 2020–30th September 2021). The primary outcome measures were MRMI, Berg’s Balance Scale (BBS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), MRMI Gain, BBS Gain, MBI Gain, MRMI Efficiency, BBS Efficiency and MBI Efficiency. Results: There 348 subjects in Pre-ASAP Group and 281 subjects in Post-ASAP Group. Both groups had highly significant within-group improvement in MRMI, BBS and MBI ([Formula: see text]). The MRMI Gain of Pre-ASAP Group and Post-ASAP Group was 6.32 and 7.42, respectively; and the difference was significant ([Formula: see text]). The BBS Gain of Pre-ASAP Group and Post-ASAP Group was 8.17 and 9.70, respectively; and the difference was in margin of significance ([Formula: see text]). The MBI Gain of Pre-ASAP Group and Post-ASAP Group was 10.69 and 11.96, respectively; but the difference was non-significant ([Formula: see text]). The MRMI Efficiency, BBS Efficiency and MBI Efficiency of Post-ASAP Group were higher than Pre-ASAP Group but the difference was non-significant. The results of this study reflected that stroke rehabilitation programme with proactive outcome monitoring, standardised process compliance monitoring, standardised mobility prediction and standardised intervention database was practical in real clinical practice with better functional outcomes than traditional physiotherapy practice which were dominated by personal preference and experience of therapists. Conclusion: Proactive outcome monitoring, standardised process compliance monitoring, standardised mobility prediction and standardised intervention database may enhance the effectiveness in terms of functional outcomes of stroke rehabilitation programme.
Network Modeling Approach for the Nonlinear Dynamics of the Osseous Bio-Physics and Bio-Mathematics
Authors: Al-Utaibi Khaled A. , Idrees M. , Sait Sadiq M. , Iqbal S.
Published: May 2023

Bone is termed the smart material, and its modeling is of great interest in biomechanics, biochemistry, endocrinology, and oncology. The bone health of cancer patients is directly affected by hormonal imbalances, receptor-mediated tumor-targeted processes, and disturbed bone mineral density. Researchers have used different therapeutic approaches to monitor bone health during and after cancer treatment. This paper describes a reverse process of bone rebuilding after the resorption of bone via cancer treatment. A detailed model is used for hormonal therapy, which leads to the physical changes in trabecular structure. These changes are demonstrated with the aid of artificial neural networks and Petri nets. This paper connects the structural modeling of the bone trabecula with chemical kinetics. The main goal of this study is to provide a PN model of bone metastasis and an analysis of its structural properties. These properties are very helpful in demonstrating the complex dynamics of bone metastasis. Although both ANNs and PNs are well organized in the areas of machine learning and network modeling, neither technique is without limitations. ANNs, for example, are very efficient machine-learning applications, but their utter lack of explanation capabilities classifies them as a “black-box” technique. On the other hand, PNs are an effective modeling technique, but their theory does not include machine learning. This paper provides a hybrid approach to address the two approaches in a novel manner.
A Versatile Framework for Evaluating Ranked Lists in Terms of Group Fairness and Relevance
Authors: Sakai Tetsuya , Kim Jin Young , Kang Inho
Published: May 2023

We present a simple and versatile framework for evaluating ranked lists in terms of Group Fairness and Relevance, in which the groups (i.e., possible attribute values) can be either nominal or ordinal in nature. First, we demonstrate that when our framework is applied to a binary hard group membership setting, our Group Fairness and Relevance (GFR) measures can easily quantify the overall polarity of each ranked list. Second, by utilising an existing diversified search test collection and treating each intent as an attribute value, we demonstrate that our framework can also handle soft group membership and that the GFR measures are highly correlated with a diversified information retrieval (IR) measure in this context as well. Third, using real data from a Japanese local search service, we demonstrate how our framework enables researchers to study intersectional group fairness based on multiple attribute sets. We also show that the similarity function for comparing the achieved and target distributions over the attribute values should be chosen carefully when the attribute values are ordinal. For such situations, our recommendation is to use multiple similarity functions with our framework: for example, one based on Jensen-Shannon Divergence (which disregards the ordinal nature of the groups) and another based on Root Normalised Order-aware Divergence (which has been designed specifically for handling ordinal groups). In addition, we highlight the fundamental differences between our framework and Attention-Weighted Rank Fairness (AWRF), a group fairness measure used at the TREC Fair Ranking Track.
Donor-Acceptor Pairs Recombination as the Origin of the Emission Shift In InGaN/GaN Scintillator Heterostructures Doped with Zn
Authors: Hájek František , Jarý Vítězslav , Hubáček Tomáš , Dominec Filip , Hospodková Alice , Kuldová Karla , Oswald Jiří , Pangrác Jiří , Vaněk Tomáš , Buryi Maksym , Ledoux Gilles , Dujardin Christophe
Published: May 2023

We report luminescence decay characteristics of the InGaN/GaN scintillator heterostructures doped with Zn. Unusually large shifting of luminescence band caused by Zn acceptors incorporated in InGaN is observed both in time-resolved and excitation-dependent spectra. Origins of the shifts are discussed, and model based on donor-acceptor pair recombination is introduced. The results imply a shrinkage of donor Bohr radius compared to the bulk material caused by quantum confinement effect. The slow decay of Zn band points out to the necessity of Zn impurity elimination in applications requiring fast timing characteristics of a scintillator.
Circuit Level Analysis of a Dual Material Graded Channel (DMGC) Cylindrical Gate All Around (CGAA) FET at Nanoscale Regime
Authors: Mudidhe Praveen Kumar , Nistala Bheema Rao
Published: May 2023

Gate-all around (GAA) device is one of the cutting-edge technologies in the present semiconductor era owing to enhanced gate controllability and scalability at the nanoscale regime. The advantages of available GAA devices can further be improved by incorporating the dual material (DM) and graded channel (GC) techniques. To make use of these advantages, this manuscript investigates for the first time, the performance analysis of DMGC cylindrical GAA (DMGC CGAA) FET and its circuit applications such as inverter, NAND, NOR, ring oscillator and 6T static random-access memory (SRAM). Through the analysis, it has been found that the Ioff, SS, DIBL, and Ion/Ioff ratio are enhanced by an amount of 96.93%, 19.49%, 51.26%, and 96.98% respectively for DMGC CGAA FET when compared to single metal graded channel (SMGC) CGAA FET. Single-k (SiO2) and dual-k (SiO2+HfO2) techniques are also utilized here to analyse the device performance and dual-k recorded better performance in comparison with single-k owing to reduced off-state currents. It is noticed that delay has been reduced greatly for Inverter, NAND, and NOR by an amount of 51.93%, 11.25%, and 10.07% respectively for dual-k when compared to single-k DMGC CGAA FET. The frequency of oscillations for Ring Oscillator is improved by 69.7% with dual-k than single-k. Further, the obtained results of SRAM are compared with the existing literatures and noticed that the proposed DMGC CGAA FET outperforms the other works making the device a potential candidature for high performance applications.
Artificial Neural Network on Tool Condition Monitoring in Hard Turning of AISI4140 Steel Using Carbide Tool
Authors: Ajitha Priyadarsini S. , Rajeev D. , S. Rai Rajakumar , Nadar Kannan Pauliah , Christopher Ezhil Singh S.
Published: May 2023

Hard turning has replaced conventional grinding in production processes in recent years as an emerging technique. Nowadays, coated carbide tools are replacing expensive CBN inserts in turning. Wear is a significant concern when turning with coated carbide; it immediately affects the acceptability of the machined surface, which causes machine downtime and loss due to wastage in machined parts. Online tool condition monitoring (TCM) is required to prevent such critical conditions. Hard turning differs from conventional turning in energy balance during metal cutting, resulting in greater thrust force; hence, the TCM model presented for conventional turning may not be suitable for hard turning. Hence, tool wear prediction for turning is projected based on thrust force using an artificial neural network (ANN). All of the tests were done using a design of experiments called full factorial design (FFD). The specimens were made of AISI 4140 steel that had been hardened to 47 HRC, and the inserts were made of coated carbide. The most impactful input features for wear, selected based on experimental outputs, were given to the neural network and trained. Tool wear is an estimated output from the training set that has been validated with satisfactory results for random conditions. The 5–10–1 network structure with the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm, R2 values of 0.996602 and 0.969437 for the training and testing data, and mean square error values of 0.000133152 and 0.004443 for the training and testing data, respectively, gave the best results. The MEP values of 0.575407 and 2.977617 are very low (5%). The LM learning algorithm‐based ANN is good at predicting tool wear based on how well it predicts tool wear for both the testing set and the training set.
A Novel Role for Corneal Pachymetry in Planning Cataract Surgery by Determining Changes in Spherical Equivalent Resulting from a Previous LASIK Treatment
Authors: Hammer Arthur , Heeren Tjebo F. C. , Angunawela Romesh , Marshall John , Saha Kamran
Published: May 2023

Objectives. To provide a metric to differentiate between hyperopic and myopic ablation of a prior LASIK treatment based on the corneal pachymetry profile after laser vision correction (LVC). Methods. Pachymetry data were retrospectively recovered from patients who had previous LASIK for refractive purposes between 2019 and 2020. Patients with any corneal disorder were excluded. Ablation spherical equivalent was predicted from the central to semiperipheral corneal thickness (CPT) ratio, both values were provided by using the Pentacam user interface software (UI), and values were computed from extracted raw pachymetry data. Results. Data of 157 eyes of 81 patients were collected, of which data were analysed for 73 eyes of 73 patients to avoid concurrence of measurements in both eyes per subject (42% female; mean age 40.9; SD 12.8). The CPT ratio cutoff for distinction between myopic and hyperopic LASIK was 0.86 for Pentacam UI data. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.7 and 0.95, respectively. Accuracy increased with computation of the CPT ratio based on extracted raw data with sensitivity and specificity of 0.87 and 0.99, respectively. There was a marked linear correlation between the CPT ratio and the ablation spherical equivalent (R2 = 0.93). Conclusions. CPT ratio cutoffs can correctly classify if a cornea previously had a hyperopic versus myopic LASIK surgery and estimate the ablation spherical equivalent of such treatment. This could prove useful for increased accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) calculations for patients with no historical data of their prior LVC surgery at the time of cataract surgery planning.
Analysis of Histopathological Images for Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Hybrid Systems Based on CNN Fusion Features
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim Abdulrab , Senan Ebrahim Mohammed , Shatnawi Hamzeh Salameh Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the deadliest and most common types of cancer. The incidence of OSCC is increasing annually, which requires early diagnosis to receive appropriate treatment. The biopsy technique is one of the most important techniques for analyzing samples, but it takes a long time to get results. Manual diagnosis is still subject to errors and differences in doctors’ opinions, especially in the early stages. Thus, automated techniques can help doctors and patients to receive appropriate treatment. This study developed several hybrid models based on the fused CNN features for diagnosing OSCC‐100x and OSCC‐400x datasets for oral cancer, which have the ability to analyze medical images with a high level of precision and accuracy. They can detect subtle patterns, abnormalities, or indicators of diseases that may be difficult to recognize with the naked eye. The systems have the potential to significantly reduce human error and provide more consistent and reliable results, resulting in improved diagnostic accuracy. The systems also have the potential for early detection of OSCC for treatment success and improved patient outcomes. By detecting diseases at an early stage, clinicians can initiate interventions in a timely manner, potentially preventing OSCC progression and improving the chances of successful treatment. The first strategy was based on GoogLeNet, ResNet101, and VGG16 models pretrained, which did not achieve satisfactory results. The second strategy was based on GoogLeNet, ResNet101, and VGG16 models based on the adaptive region growing (ARG) segmentation algorithm. The third strategy is based on a mixed technique between GoogLeNet, ResNet101, and VGG16 models and ANN and XGBoost networks based on the ARG hashing algorithm. The fourth strategy for oral cancer diagnosis by ANN and XGBoost is based on features fused between CNN models. The ANN with fusion features of GoogLeNet‐ResNet101‐VGG16 yielded an AUC of 98.85%, accuracy of 99.3%, sensitivity of 98.2%, precision of 99.5%, and specificity of 98.35%.
From Diabetic Nephropathy to End-Stage Renal Disease: The Effect of Chemokines on the Immune System
Authors: Qiu Yuheng , Tang Jingyi , Zhao Qihan , Jiang Yuhua , Liu Yu Ning , Liu Wei Jing
Published: May 2023

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and there is growing evidence to support the role of immunity in the progression of DN to ESRD. Chemokines and chemokine receptors (CCRs) can recruit immune cells to sites of inflammation or injury. Currently, no studies have reported the effect of CCRs on the immune environment during the progression of DN to ESRD. Methods. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GEO database were identified in DN patients versus ESRD patients. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub CCRs. Differentially expressed immune cells were screened by immune infiltration analysis, and the correlation between immune cells and hub CCRs was also calculated. Result. In this study, a total of 181 DEGs were identified. Enrichment analysis showed that chemokines, cytokines, and inflammation-related pathways were significantly enriched. Combining the PPI network and CCRs, four hub CCRs (CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CCL20) were identified. These hub CCRs showed an upregulation trend in DN patients and a downregulation trend in ESRD patients. Immune infiltration analysis identified a variety of immune cells that underwent significant changes during disease progression. Among them, CD56bright natural killer cell, effector memory CD8 T cell, memory B cell, monocyte, regulatory T cell, and T follicular helper cell were significantly associated with all hub CCR correlation. Conclusion. The effect of CCRs on the immune environment may contribute to the progression of DN to ESRD.
A Study on the New Class of Inequalities of Midpoint-Type and Trapezoidal-Type Based on Twice Differentiable Functions with Conformable Operators
Authors: Kara Hasan , Budak Hüseyin , Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram , Ahmad Hijaz , Kaabar Mohammed K. A.
Published: May 2023

This paper derives some equalities via twice differentiable functions and conformable fractional integrals. With the help of the obtained identities, we present new trapezoid-type and midpoint-type inequalities via convex functions in the context of the conformable fractional integrals. New inequalities are obtained by taking advantage of the convexity property, power mean inequality, and Hölder’s inequality. We show that this new family of inequalities generalizes some previous research studies by special choices. Furthermore, new other relevant results with trapezoid-type and midpoint-type inequalities are obtained.
Bioassay‐Guided Isolation of Antiplasmodial Compounds from Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. (Hypericaceae) and Their Cytotoxicity and Molecular Docking
Authors: Happi Gervais Mouthé , Ahmed Sikiru Akinyeye , Kemayou Guy Paulin Mouthé , Salau Shina , Dzouemo Liliane Clotilde , Sikam Klev Gaïtan , Yimtchui Mireille Towa , Wansi Jean Duplex
Published: May 2023

In Cameroon, malaria is still the cause of several deaths yearly and leading to the continued search for new potent leads to fight against Plasmodium falciparum. Medicinal plants like Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. are introduced in local preparations for the treatment of affected people. The bioassay‐guided fractionation of the crude extract of the twigs and stem bark of H. lanceolatum Lam. led to the identification of the dichloromethane‐soluble fraction as the most active (with 32.6% of the parasite P. falciparum 3D7 survival) which was further purified by successive column chromatography to obtain four compounds identified by their spectrometric data as two xanthones 1,6‐dihydroxyxanthone (1) and norathyriol (2) and two triterpenes betulinic acid (3) and ursolic acid (4). In the antiplasmodial assay against P. falciparum 3D7, the triterpenoids 3 and 4 displayed the most significant potencies with IC50 values of 2.8 ± 0.8 μg/mL and 11.8 ± 3.2 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both compounds were also the most cytotoxic against P388 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.8 ± 2.2 μg/mL and 2.5 ± 0.6 μg/mL, respectively. Further insights on the inhibition method of the bioactive compounds and their drug‐likeness were obtained from their molecular docking and ADMET studies. The results obtained help in identifying additional antiplasmodial agents from H. lanceolatum and support its use in folk medicine for the treatment of malaria. The plant might be considered as a promising source of new antiplasmodial candidates in new drug discovery.
A Hunter‐Prey Algorithm Coordinating Mutual Benefit and Sharing and Interactive Learning for High‐Efficiency Design of Photovoltaic Models
Authors: Qu Chiwen , Lu Zenghui , Peng Xiaoning , Lin Guangkang
Published: May 2023

It is crucial for the photovoltaic system to have an accurate model and well‐estimated parameters to further increase conversion efficiency. Most existing methods for identifying photovoltaic model parameters have problems such as high computational cost, local optimum trouble, or difficulty in providing the best performance due to complex adjustments of algorithm parameters. To improve these defects, a hunter‐prey optimization algorithm coordinating mutual benefit and sharing and interactive learning activities (EHPO) is proposed. First, based on hunter‐prey optimization, timely information sharing with the mutual benefit and sharing mechanism was achieved when the algorithm was applied to search for prey, thus improving the searching precision and convergence rate of the algorithm. Second, hunters used the history optimization information and useful information from peers to guide the search direction, thus balancing the global and local development abilities of the algorithm. Finally, a lens imaging backward learning strategy was adopted to prevent the algorithm from falling into the local optimum, thus increasing the diversity of varieties and the probability of finding the global optimal solution. The simulation results of the single‐diode model (SDM), double‐diode model (DDM), triple‐diode model (TDM), and other PV models in different environmental conditions show that the improved EHPO algorithm is more advantageous for parameter extraction than other advanced metaheuristic algorithms. This study demonstrates that EHPO is an accurate and reliable tool for predicting the parameters of PV models.
Assessment of Oxidative Stress by the Estimation of Lipid Peroxidation Marker Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mohideen Khadijah , Chandrasekar Krithika , Ramsridhar Saranya , Rajkumar Chandini , Ghosh Snehashish , Dhungel Safal
Published: May 2023

Objective. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the oxidative stress-mediated lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA) in periodontitis using the available literature. Materials and Methods. An electronic literature search was performed for the published articles from 2000 to 2022 in PubMed (MeSH), Science Direct, Wiley Online library, and cross-reference using specific keywords. Results. The literature search identified 1,166 articles. After analyzing the abstracts of the obtained articles, the articles were excluded for the following reasons: duplicate studies (n = 395) and not relevant to the research question (n = 726). The remaining 45 articles were chosen for full-text evaluation. Finally, the present qualitative synthesis selected 34 articles that met the inclusion criteria for evaluation and removed the articles which did not meet the required criteria (n = 11). Out of these, 16 articles had coherent data for quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis used the standardized mean differences method at a 95% confidence interval by random-effects model. The periodontitis group displayed significantly higher MDA levels (

P
<
0.001

) in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and serum samples of the studies analyzed than the healthy control. Conclusion. The analyzed studies showed significantly higher MDA levels in various biological samples of patients with periodontitis, supporting the role of elevated oxidative stress and consequent lipid peroxidation in periodontitis.
Physicochemical Properties of Avocado Seed Extract Model Beverages and Baked Products Incorporated with Avocado Seed Powder
Authors: Nyakang’i Clinton O. , Marete Eunice , Ebere Rebecca , Arimi Joshua M.
Published: May 2023

Consumption of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) has increased worldwide in recent years. The avocado pulp is used, but the peel and seed are discarded as waste. Studies have shown that the seeds are rich in phytochemicals that can be utilized in food systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Hass avocado seed as a source of polyphenols in the processing of model beverages and baked products with functional properties. The proximate analysis of the avocado seed powder was carried out. The shelf life of phenols in avocado seed powder (ASP) stored in dark, amber-colored bottle and transparent bottle was studied for six months. The seed extract was incorporated into model beverages of different pHs stored at refrigerated and ambient temperatures, and the shelf life was monitored for 20 weeks. The seed powder was incorporated into baked products at 0, 15, 30, or 50% followed by total phenolic content and sensory property analysis. Proximate composition of the seed powder for moisture, ash, protein, fiber, fat, and total carbohydrates was 14.19, 1.82, 7.05, 4.00, 13.64, and 59.30 percent, respectively. During storage of the seed powder, there was no significant difference (

P
>
0.05

) in the phenol content under the different storage light conditions for six months. In the model beverages, lower pH levels (2.8, 3.8, and 4.8) and those stored at ambient temperatures (25°C) recorded lower phenol content than the control pH, i.e., 5.5, and those under refrigerated conditions throughout the storage period studied (20 weeks). The concentration of phenols in the baked products increased with increasing avocado seed powder. The color of all the queen cake formulations was liked very much by the sensory panel. The aroma of 0% and 15% ASP was liked very much, while the other formulations (30% and 50%) were liked moderately. The taste rating and overall acceptability decreased with an increasing avocado seed powder in the queen cake formulations. Avocado seed extracts can be incorporated to prepare functional beverages and functional baked products that are acceptable by sensory panelists.
Attitude Analysis and Evaluation of Camera Based on Planar Double Joint Robot
Authors: Xu Zhi , Wang Xin , Chen Chun , Zhang Jiahai
Published: May 2023

Planar double-jointed robot is a kind of widely used robot. In the past decades, with the development of science and technology, planar double-jointed robot has a great breakthrough in many aspects, especially in the actual camera and attitude analysis. In recent years, pun-section manipulator has made great progress in technology, but its kinematic characteristics and the human body’s ability to move have a great gap. So, in the moving plane, we need to study how to improve its camera ability to find a more stable and effective camera mode, and to a certain extent, to meet its requirements in complex working conditions. Simulating the pose of two joints, we seek a more stable and effective camera mode to improve its moving speed, expand its moving space, and lay a solid foundation for its application. Planar double-jointed robot is the most representative one at present. It includes machinery, material, electronics, computer, sensor, drive, intelligent control, artificial intelligence, and so on. Because it is closer to the human body, more suitable for people’s work and work, so it does not need to change its environment, so it is regarded as having a high affinity for people’s machinery. Its characteristic is that it has the good adaptability and the flexibility, but the double joint camera’s support discontinuity enables it to be able to adapt each kind of complex situation well. It can not only climb the stairs but also in the messy ground smooth through and also in the inconvenient passage through. The aim of this paper is to analyze the unique advantages and irreplaceable characteristics of the planar double-jointed robot based on the bionic and mechanical research results. This paper analyzes the mechanical technology by means of literature review and actual data analysis. The experimental results show that the biggest difference between the two articulated robots and other robots is that they have two human-like joint motions.