bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of of March-SS algorithm to word-oriented memory built-in self-test and repair
Authors: Prasad Acharya Gobinda , Asha Rani Muddapu , Ganesh Kumar Ganjikunta , Poluboyina Lavanya
Published: April 2022

The technology shrinkage and the increased demand for high storage memory devices in today’s system on-chips (SoCs) has been the challenges to the designers not only in the design cycle but also to the test engineers in testing these memory devices against the permanent faults, intermittent and soft errors. Around 90% of the chip area in today’s SoCs is being occupied by the embedded memories, and the cost for testing these memory devices contributes a major factor in the overall cost and the time to market. This paperproposes a strategy to develop a word-oriented March SS algorithm-basedmemory built-in self-test (MBIST), which is then applied for memory built-in self-test and repair (MBISTR) strategy. The implementation details for 1 KB of single-port static random-access memory (SRAM) depict that the modified March-SS algorithm based MBISTR-enabled SRAM facilitates self-test and self-repair of embedded memories with a marginal hardware overhead (<1%) in terms of look up tables and slice registers when compared to that of standard SRAM.
Paediatric gastroenterology in Singapore: historical aspects and recent advances
Authors: Ong C , Logarajah V , Phua KB
Published: April 2022

Paediatric gastroenterology in Singapore began in the 1970s. Led by Professor Phua Kong Boo and Professor Quak Seng Hock, paediatric gastroenterology has enjoyed significant strides in the areas of diagnostics, interventions, patient care and research. Several advances such as endoscopy, parenteral nutrition and liver transplantation are well established. The first paediatric small bowel transplant is anticipated in the next decade. Robust research activities have ensured the generation of local data on gastrointestinal disorders. One such research led to the discovery of the changing trends in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among the paediatric population in Singapore. The impact of the nation’s paediatric gastroenterology extends internationally, with the notable involvement of Professor Phua in developing the rotavirus vaccine trials and other ongoing collaborative work with international centres. This review explores the history of paediatric gastroenterology from its origins to its remarkable transformation over the decades as centres of excellence in the region.
Adapting undergraduate paediatric medical education to the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: perspective of NUS Medicine
Authors: Lau TC , Chong YS , Loo BKG , Ganapathy S , Ho JMD , Lee SS , Yeo J , Samarasekera DD , Goh DLM
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 significantly impacted the teaching-learning-assessment activities in many medical schools. In this article, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, focusing on paediatric training and the adaptations of the system and the people. The school developed strategies to promptly disseminate information and safety measures to protect all its staff and students. By leveraging on the school’s infrastructure for technology-enabled learning, good-quality medical training and reliable assessments were able to be carried out swiftly. The paediatric curriculum was crafted based on these principles, and it provided distance-based learning with live and interactive sessions to teach core clinical skills. The faculty also tapped on standardised patients to provide consistent and life-like scenarios. Measures were implemented to minimise challenges with technology-enabled learning. Collectively, efforts from the staff, support from the leadership and students’ adaptations tremendously helped to ease the transition.
Characteristics of Singapore lung cancer patients who miss out on lung cancer screening recommendations
Authors: Loh Chee Hong , Koh Pearly Wenjia , Ang Daniel Jia Ming , Lee Wei Chee , Chew Wui Mei , Koh Jansen Meng Kwang
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) identified individuals at high risk for lung cancer and showed that serial low-dose helical computed tomography could identify lung cancer at an earlier stage, leading to mortality reduction. However, there is little evidence regarding the effectiveness of the NLST criteria for the Asian population.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective audit in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018, with the aim to describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with lung cancer and to identify patients who would miss out on lung cancer screening when the NLST criteria was applied.

Results:

We found that only 38.1% of our cohort who were diagnosed with lung cancer met the NLST criteria strictly by age and smoking status. Patients who met the screening criteria would have derived significant benefits from it, as 85.4% of our patients had presented at an advanced stage and 54.6% died within 1 year. When the United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria was applied, it increased the sensitivity of lung cancer diagnosis to 58.7%. Only 15.5% of the female patients with lung cancer met the NLST criteria; their low smoking quantity was a significant contributing factor for exclusion.

Conclusion:

The majority of Singapore patients diagnosed with lung cancer, especially females, would not have been identified with the NLST criteria. However, those who met the inclusion criteria would have benefited greatly from screening. Extending the screening age upper limit may yield benefits and improved sensitivity in the Singapore context.
Against Nationalism: Climate Change, Human Rights, and International Law
Authors: de Bruin Boudewijn
Published: April 2022

Climate change threatens humanity more than anything else. If we talk of nationalism, we ought therefore consider its pros and cons in light of the climate emergency. Anatol Lieven believes that civic nationalism along the lines of Chaim Gans, David Miller, and Yuli Tamir helps combat global warming. He thinks that when nationalists recognize that climate change is just as threatening to the survival of their nation-state as wars, they will make the sacrifices necessary to avert the threat. In this view, the military has an important role, and migration will have to be restricted. In this paper, I show that this solution is at best highly risky, and more probably unsound. However difficult it will be to realize, addressing climate change must be based on international cooperation, normatively grounded in human rights. I show how international law rather than civic nationalism gives us examples of how to go forward.
Epidemiology and Prognostic Indicators of Survival in Tongue Lymphoma
Authors: Hong Scott A. , Simpson Matthew C. , Du Eric Y. , Ward Gregory M.
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Lymphoma, categorized as either non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is the second most common malignancy in the head and neck. Primary tongue lymphoma is exceedingly rare, with only case reports or small case series in the literature. This population-based analysis is the first to report the epidemiology and prognostic factors of survival in patients with primary tongue lymphoma.

Methods:

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database from the National Cancer Institute was queried for patients diagnosed between the years 2000 and 2016 with tongue lymphoma. Outcomes of interest were overall and disease-specific survival. Independent variables included age at diagnosis, sex, race, marital status, primary subsite, histologic subtype, stage, and treatment type.

Results and Conclusion:

Seven hundred forty patients met criteria; the male-female ratio was 1.5:1 and the mean age at diagnosis was 67.8 years. The majority of lesions localized to the base of tongue (90.0%), were histologically diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (59.5%), and presented at stage I or II (77.9%). Most early-stage lymphomas were treated with chemotherapy only (40.5%) or a combination of both chemotherapy and radiation (31.3%), while late-stage cancers were primarily treated with chemotherapy alone (68.5%). In multivariate analysis, younger age at diagnosis, female sex, married/partnered marital status, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue histologic subtype, and earlier cancer stage were found to be associated with improved survival. Chemotherapy treatment with or without radiation was also associated with better survival compared to no treatment or radiation alone, though data regarding immunotherapy was unavailable.
Eight Tales of Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis and Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Rapoport Nicholas A. , Lee David S. , Lee Jake J. , Puram Sidharth V. , Jackson Ryan S. , Pipkorn Patrik
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Aggressive surgical debridement is required in cervical necrotizing fasciitis, and in severe defects, subsequent free tissue transfer might be necessary. However, there is concern that the inflammatory environment of the infection site may threaten free flap viability, particularly with concerns for thrombosis of feeding vessels and compromised tissue integration. Cases in the head and neck area are rare, so there are limited data regarding outcomes of free tissue transfer in these patients.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review assessed patients with cervical necrotizing fasciitis treated at an academic tertiary hospital between 2015 and 2021. Twenty-five patients were identified, and eight required free tissue transfer after adequate surgical debridement. Treatment, hospital course, and demographic data were collected on these eight patients.

Results:

All flaps had full survival at follow up (median follow up 3 months, range 1-39 months) without concerns for vascular compromise.

Conclusion:

These data suggest that in patients with large soft tissue defects due to cervical necrotizing fasciitis, free tissue transfer may be a safe treatment modality.
Greed Restraint: Ambiguity Aversion, Reference Dependence, and Self-Centeredness as Sources of Self-Regulation in Instrumental Crime
Authors: Jacobs Bruce A. , Cherbonneau Michael , Pickett Justin T.
Published: April 2022

Based on in-depth interviews with 29 active drug robbers (25 male, 4 female) from St. Louis, MO (USA), we explore restraint among people and in circumstances where there should be none. Focusing on greed restraint at the crime’s payoff point (i.e., not taking everything one could when rewards are seized), we identify the decision-making constructs and conceptual pathways by which this happens and discuss their implications for improved specification of the relationship between criminal propensity, self-regulation, and risk sensitivity. We contend that self-centeredness is the one dimension of criminal propensity that is sufficiently receptive to risk sensitivity to make self-regulation possible, and that individuals with low trait self-control can show state self-control when ambiguity aversion and reference point expectations align to sate anomic greed. This refinement offers novel pathways for future study of dual-influence models of crime, and suggests that offender decision-making is best conceptualized as a process that unfolds during crimes rather than a discrete event that precedes them.
Integration in Psychedelic-Assisted Treatments: Recurring Themes in Current Providers’ Definitions, Challenges, and Concerns
Authors: Earleywine Mitch , Low Fiona , Lau Carmen , De Leo Joseph
Published: April 2022

Integration therapy, an integral part of psychedelic-assisted treatment, usually includes sessions devoted to making meaning of relevant psychedelic experiences after subjective effects have subsided. As the psychedelic renaissance continues, offers for this integration therapy have proliferated. In the present project, semi-structured interviews with 30 integration therapists focused on definitions of integration as well as challenges and concerns that they associated with the practice. A mixed-methods approach revealed 19 themes that coders identified reliably. Prevalent themes included expressing concern about nonresponsive clients, defining integration as a bridge between the psychedelic experience and daily life, and apprehensions about the commercialization of psychedelic psychotherapy. Interviewees viewed integration as a process that begins prior to the administration of substances, never ends, makes sense of the psychoactive experience, creates behavioral change, is personalized, and makes the individual whole. Most participants also discussed issues related to client resistance, unrealistic expectations of psychedelic psychotherapy, problems associated with power differentials, the importance of an integration therapist’s connection to other service providers, and the need for self-care. These data might help the standardization of integration therapy, inform lay impressions of the process, and help generate hypotheses for continued research on this aspect of psychedelic-assisted treatment. These data also suggest that psychedelic integration practitioners would appreciate regular support from a community of like-minded colleagues.
Solving for X: Constructing Algebra and Algebra Policy During a Time of Change
Authors: Handsman Emily , Farrell Caitlin , Coburn Cynthia
Published: April 2022

The year students take Algebra I historically determines how far they progress in secondary mathematics, creating complex equity issues around access to this course. By examining a case study of one large, urban school district adjusting to the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSS-M), we demonstrate how district leaders’ interactions, in combination with their organizational and institutional environments, led to an overhaul of the secondary mathematics course pathway, ending in detracked middle school mathematics. We find that district leaders’ deliberations of mathematics policy were constrained by organizational concerns around pedagogy, equity, logistics, and politics. In other words, the disruption created by the CCSS-M was limited by extant organizational priorities. This study has potential implications for theorizing disruptions and for better understanding equity-oriented mathematics policy and practice.
Recent Grammatical Change in Postcolonial Englishes: A Real-time Study of Genitive Variation in Caribbean and Indian News Writing
Authors: Hackert Stephanie , Wengler Diana
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a diachronic analysis of genitive variation in five varieties of English. Based on a set of matching newspaper corpora from the 1960s and the early 2000s from the Bahamas, Jamaica, India, Great Britain, and the U.S., we look into variation and change in the underlying grammar of the genitive alternation, as defined by patterns of constraints affecting the variable. We employ random forests and Multifactorial Prediction and Deviation Analysis to analyze a richly annotated set of over 22,000 genitive tokens. Our analysis corroborates findings with regard to postcolonial Englishes, particularly in the Caribbean, that suggest that these varieties are partaking in American-led global trends in grammar toward, e.g., densification, without actually approximating American norms. We also notice that production-related constraints on genitive variation, such as syntactic weight or givenness, have increased their effects. While metropolitan and postcolonial Englishes share a core grammar of genitive variation, there is noticeable variation particularly with regard to semantic and socioculturally determined predictors such as text type. Overall, we see a widening gap between metropolitan and postcolonial Englishes. The case of Bahamian English is especially interesting as it appears fairly American-oriented during colonial times but has aligned with other postcolonial Englishes since independence.
Regional Variation and Syntactic Derivation of Low-frequencyneed-passives on Twitter
Authors: Strelluf Christopher
Published: April 2022

This paper examines constructions formed by the verb need taking a passivized complement. While previous dialectological, sociolinguistic, and micro-syntactic analyses have focused primarily on the past-participle complement (need+ED) as a regional syntactic variable, this study expands the purview of need-passives to examine gerund-participle (need+ING) and infinitival (need+TO) complements. It also looks beyond purported need+ED regions to examine need-passive variation in Englishes spoken around the world. Data from Twitter confirm previous findings that need+ED is a productive feature of the US Midland, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Tyneside, England. However, tweets also show that need+ING is produced disproportionately frequently in England and Wales. These results reveal a more complex pattern of need-passive variation in global Englishes than has previously been reported. Additionally, a transitive construction formed with need as a matrix verb is examined and found to co-vary regionally with need+ING. Syntactic analyses of tweets reveal similarities in the ways that need+ED and need+ING vary with need+TO. These findings lead to a proposed syntactic analysis that need+ED and need+ING share the same derivational structure. More generally, the work argues for greater attention in linguistic research to low-frequency features.
Responding Sociologically: Using Attributional Processes to Promote Student Confidence and Sense of Mastery in Sociology Courses
Authors: Hatteberg Sarah J.
Published: April 2022

Student motivation, confidence, and perceived control are of key interest to sociology instructors seeking to develop pedagogical techniques that increase student engagement. However, attribution research suggests that strengthening these aspects of student learning can be challenging if students attribute academic outcomes to factors over which they have little control, as this can weaken students’ motivation and sense of mastery. In this study, I examine an “exam wrapper” survey and discussion exercise that draws upon attributional processes to contextualize learning as influenced by broader social forces. Student responses to this survey exercise detail the attributions students made for academic outcomes and suggest this activity may be effective at promoting student confidence, motivation, and sense of mastery. This exercise fosters a sociological understanding of individual attributions and academic achievement that empowers students to feel more in control of their learning within the structural and educational contexts in which learning occurs.
Analysis of fractional-order dynamics of dengue infection with non-linear incidence functions
Authors: Jan Rashid , Boulaaras Salah
Published: April 2022

The infection of dengue is a devastating mosquito-borne infection around the globe that affects human health, social and economic sectors in low-income areas. Therefore, policymakers and health experts are trying to point out better policies to reduce these losses and provide better information for the development of vaccination and medication. Here, we formulated a compartmental model for the transmission phenomena of dengue fever with nonlinear forces of infection through fractional derivative. We established several results related to the solution of our dengue model by using the basic properties of fractional calculus. We determined the basic reproduction number of our fractional-order system, symbolized by [Formula: see text]. We established the local asymptotic stability of the infection-free equilibrium of our dengue system for [Formula: see text], and proved that the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable without vaccination. The threshold dynamics [Formula: see text] is tested through partial rank correlation coefficient method to notice the importance of parameters in the transmission of dengue infection. In addition, we have shown the impact of memory on the basic reproduction number numerically with the variation of different parameters. We conclude that the biting rate, recruitment rate of mosquitoes and index of memory are the most sensitive factors, which can effectively lower the level of dengue fever. The dynamical behavior of the proposed fractional system is presented through a numerical scheme to explore the overall transmission process. We predict that the fractional-order model can explore more accurately and preciously the intricate dengue disease transmission model rather than the integer-order derivative.
Working together: Implications of leadership style for the music ensemble
Authors: Sutherland Andrew , Cartwright Phillip A
Published: April 2022

Music leaders who conduct ensembles in education and community settings, create an ecology of participation depending on their style of leadership. The paradigm of master/apprentice that has long been pilloried in music education academia is still a popular modus operandi for many conductors. Understanding the effect that leadership has on group identity and ensemble cohesion can help participant musicians to continue lifelong engagement with ensemble music making. This exploratory research consists of three phases. First, the relevant literature regarding group work, leadership theories, and musical ensembles was explored. Second, utilizing a purpose-designed questionnaire instrument issued to three musical ensembles. The data was collected and analyzed to determine which leadership factors were considered most important in developing a positive ecology for ensemble members. Data were collected from three musical ensembles, resulting in a convenience sample of n = 73. Some unexpected results emerged from several analytical techniques that explored the cross-tabulation of questionnaire data using Pearson’s kurtosis and skewness coefficients and platykurtic distributions. Finally, this research recommends a more egalitarian ecology in order to maintain a strong interest in ensemble music making for participant musicians.
Beyond reciprocity: Relational sacrifices in romantic partners
Authors: Yan Ke , Wang Xin , Wang Xiaomei , Uquillas Federico d’Oleire , He Qinghua , Cheng Li , Zou Zhiling
Published: April 2022

Reciprocity is often considered a precondition for sacrificial behaviors, with people being willing to make sacrifices in their relationships to better their collective interests and expecting their partners to do the same. However, whether relational sacrifices exist in a zero-sum game, wherein reciprocity cannot be established, remains unclear. Therefore, this study utilized the cold pressor task (CPT) to explore communal sacrificial behavior among romantic partners and to examine any possible gender differences in these behaviors in a laboratory setting. Seventy-two college students (36 men and 36 women, all currently in romantic relationships) were instructed to place their sub-dominant hand into cold water (2°C) as long as possible (baseline), for their romantic partners (romantic partner-beneficiary condition) or for their opposite-sex friends (friend-beneficiary condition; enduring it longer so that their friend/romantic partners may endure it for a shorter duration) in a counterbalanced order. Data on pain tolerance time were collected in the CPTs, with sacrificial behaviors indexed by how much longer participants endured pain for their romantic partners or friends than the baseline. The data indicated that participants demonstrated a longer pain tolerance time in partner-beneficiary condition than the baseline (and friend-beneficiary). No significant difference was found between friend-beneficiary condition and baseline. Moreover, a gender difference was noted, with male participants having a longer pain tolerance increment rate than female participants. These results provide a foundation for experimental research of relational sacrificial behaviors and suggest that relational sacrifices exist beyond reciprocity in romantic relationships, but not within opposite-sex friendships.
Co-developmental trajectories of interpersonal relationships in middle childhood to early adolescence: Associations with traditional bullying and cyberbullying
Authors: Deng Chenghao , Gong Xue , Liu Wang , Huebner E. Scott , Tian Lili
Published: April 2022

This study explored the co-developmental trajectories of three different interpersonal relationship types (parent, teacher, and peer) and their relations to bullying behaviors (i.e., traditional bullying perpetration/victimization and cyberbullying perpetration/victimization) during middle childhood to early adolescence. A total of 4154 Chinese elementary school students in grades 3 and 4 (54.8% boy; Mage = 9.90, SD = 0.72) participated in assessments at five time points, using 6-month assessment intervals. Analyses were conducted using parallel process latent class growth modeling. Five distinct interpersonal relationship groups were identified: congruent-low group, congruent-high increasing group, congruent-moderate group, low mother–child relationships group, and low decreasing teacher–student relationships group. The identification of these patterns yielded a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of the developmental patterns of interpersonal relationships during this age period. Furthermore, the five co-developmental patterns of interpersonal relationships differentially associated with traditional bullying and cyberbullying, implying the need for intervention programs to be tailored to members of specific groups to reduce traditional bullying and cyberbullying.
Reimagining an Experiential Learning Exercise in Times of Crisis: Lessons Learned and a Proposed Framework
Authors: Satyam  , Aithal Rajesh K.
Published: April 2022

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has forced marketing educators to innovate and adapt their existing teaching methods. This article presents and discusses an experiential learning exercise called the market-immersion project (MIP) and how it was adapted to suit online teaching. The MIP was an integral part of the course on the “bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) and rural markets,” which had to be pivoted as a photoessay exercise due to the limitations of not being able to venture out for a physical immersion. The design, implementation, and grading are elaborated for both exercises, and lessons are identified for marketing educators. Building on the lessons from two experiential learning exercises and using Kolb’s experiential learning theory, a six-step model of short-term field immersion is proposed. The proposed framework could be useful for marketing educators who want to use experiential exercises, including field-based exercises, in their courses in the postpandemic scenario. Finally, implications for theory, marketing education, limitations, and future directions are presented.
Detection of Traffic Pattern Based on Fuzzy Clustering and Wavelet Analysis Model at Different Signaling Positioning Frequencies
Authors: Wang Lilei , Yang Fei , Jin Peter J. , Zhou Tao , Guo Yudong
Published: April 2022

Signaling positioning technology provides a new opportunity to understand an individual’s travel characteristics. In recent studies, the travel parameters obtained are mainly macroscopic travel information. However, extracting detailed trip chain information, such as the trip mode and mode-switching time point, remains a challenge. Furthermore, because of the iterative development of wireless networks, existing communication operators usually store different frequencies and accuracy (2G/3G and 4G) of signaling data simultaneously, making the refined identification of travel information more difficult. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method. First, we use the shortest distance algorithm to match the signaling data with the road network. Second, a wavelet transform modulus maximum (WTMM) algorithm is proposed to divide multimodal travel trajectories into single-mode trip segments; thus, spatiotemporal information related to mode transfer can be obtained. Finally, an unsupervised fuzzy kernel c-means clustering (FKCM) algorithm is proposed to distinguish travel modes. As comparison data, smartphone GPS and travel log data are also collected to analyze the detection result and improve the method. The identification errors of mode-switching time points at different frequencies are all less than 360 s. The average correct rate of traffic mode identification for 2G is 65.1%, and the average correct rate of traffic mode identification for 3G is 78.2%. 4G intensive cellular positioning data has a significantly better recognition effect than low-frequency data; the average trip mode detection accuracy reaches 89.6%, and the mode-switching time point detection errors are within 300 s.
Non-Stationary Time Series Model for Station-Based Subway Ridership During COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Study of New York City
Authors: Moghimi Bahman , Kamga Camille , Safikhani Abolfazl , Mudigonda Sandeep , Vicuna Patricio
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has caused sudden shocks in transportation systems, specifically the subway ridership patterns in New York City (NYC), U.S. Understanding the temporal pattern of subway ridership through statistical models is crucial during such shocks. However, many existing statistical frameworks may not be a good fit to analyze the ridership data sets during the pandemic, since some of the modeling assumptions might be violated during this time. In this paper, utilizing change point detection procedures, a piecewise stationary time series model is proposed to capture the nonstationary structure of subway ridership. Specifically, the model consists of several independent station based autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models concatenated together at certain time points. Further, data-driven algorithms are utilized to detect the changes of ridership patterns as well as to estimate the model parameters before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data sets of focus are daily ridership of subway stations in NYC for randomly selected stations. Fitting the proposed model to these data sets enhances understanding of ridership changes during external shocks, both in relation to mean (average) changes and the temporal correlations.
Using Delay Logs and Machine Learning to Support Passenger Railway Operations
Authors: Klumpenhouwer Willem , Shalaby Amer
Published: April 2022

Passenger railways face reliability challenges resulting from shared track with other trains, limited infrastructure capacity, and rolling stock and trackway that is subject to major failures during service. Dispatchers may have limited contextual information when responding to an emerging delay, and often rely on their own experience to manage an incident. This study leverages various aspects of delay logs—a common set of data collected during railway operations—to arm dispatchers with an understanding of delays, provide contextual information about previous delays that are similar to an emerging event, and make predictions about the size of a delay based on emerging information. Using graph theory, short-text topic modeling, cosine similarity, and machine learning regression models, we demonstrate that agencies can leverage this single data source for insight and operational support. To showcase the potential insights gained by these methods, we apply them to delay log data from the GO Rail network in the Greater Golden Horseshoe area of Ontario, Canada. We find that elastic net and random forest regression models outperform naive models that may be tacitly used in practice today.
Level of Service Based on Fundamental Diagram of Waterway Traffic Flow
Authors: Liu Yihua , Cheng Yunlong , Tu Bo , Ni Daiheng
Published: April 2022

The level of service (LOS) is an important indicator of the performance of transportation facilities. This paper proposes to define and establish the criteria for waterway LOS based on the fundamental diagram of waterway traffic flow for the first time. Building on our understanding of waterway traffic flow, we propose to divide waterway LOS into four levels, I to IV from the best to the worst, and the traffic conditions corresponding to these levels are delineated respectively based on traffic density as the service measure expressed in passenger standard vessels per nautical mile per channel (pv/nmi/channel). Our research is conducted on the Yangtze Estuary water area with its historical Automatic Identification System (AIS) data which are processed using Python to extract waterway traffic flow characteristics, in particular, flow, space mean speed, and density. The results are used to construct the fundamental diagram of waterway traffic flow, based on which capacity and its associated optimal density is determined. Using optimal density as the basis, the waterway LOS criteria are proposed. Considering that the density of waterway traffic is small in magnitude compared with that of roadway traffic, a four-level designation from I to IV suffices the purpose of waterway performance indicator. This study can serve as the basis to evaluate the performance of waterway transportation systems as well as providing input to their planning, design, operations, and management.
Derivation and validation of the bridge to transplantation with left ventricular assist device score for 1 year mortality after heart transplantation. The BTT-LVAD score
Authors: Okoh Alexis K , Fugar Setri , Dodoo Sheriff , Selevany Mariam , Al-Obaidi Nawar , Ozturk Ebru , Singh Swaiman , Tayal Rajiv , Lee Leonard Y , Russo Mark J , Camacho Margarita
Published: April 2022

Background:

To derive and validate a risk score that accurately predicts 1-year mortality after heart transplantation (HT) in patients bridged to transplant (BTT) with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD).

Methods:

The UNOS database was queried to identify patients BTT with an LVAD between 2008 and 2018. Patients with ⩾1-year follow up were randomly divided into derivation (70%) and validation (30%) cohorts. The primary endpoint was 1-year mortality. A simple additive risk score was developed based on the odds of 1-year mortality after HT. Risk groups were created, and survival was estimated and compared.

Results:

A total of 7759 patients were randomly assigned to derivation ( n = 5431) and validation ( n = 2328) cohorts. One-year post-transplant mortality was 9.8% ( n = 760). A 33-point scoring was created from six recipient variables and two donor variables. Risk groups were classified as low (0–5), intermediate (6–10), and high (>10). In the validation cohort, the predicted 1-year mortality was significantly higher in the high-risk group than the intermediate and low-risk groups, 14.7% versus 9% versus 6.1% respectively (log-rank test: p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

The BTT-LVAD Score can serve as a clinical decision tool to guide therapeutic decisions in advanced heart failure patients.
The Role of Teacher Closeness in Emotions and Achievement for Adolescents With and Without Learning Difficulties
Authors: Sainio Petra J. , Eklund Kenneth M. , Pakarinen Eija K. , Kiuru Noona H.
Published: April 2022

Student–teacher relationships are crucial for adolescents’ adjustment in the school context. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of teacher closeness in academic emotions and achievement among adolescents with and without learning difficulties during the first year in lower secondary school. Students’ learning difficulties (LDs) were identified based on tested reading and math skills. In addition, students evaluated their teacher relationships and rated academic emotions in literacy and math domains. The results indicated that higher teacher closeness was related to increasing positive emotions and increasing literacy achievement during seventh grade, whereas lower levels of teacher closeness were associated with increasing learning-related anger and boredom. The results were mostly similar for students with and without LDs, which indicates that students in general benefit from close teacher relationships during the first year in lower secondary school.
Engine-in-the-Loop in practical application: A sensitivity study toward the influence of test bench parameters
Authors: Wahl Alexander , Liu Yintong , Xia Feihong , Klein Serge , Andert Jakob
Published: April 2022

The complexity of automobile powertrains continues to increase, leading to increased development time and effort. One method to address this challenge is to shift vehicle calibration and testing tasks to simulations with Engine-in-the-Loop (EiL) test setups. This increases the efficiency of the development process through high flexibility, low prototype costs, an early starting point, and a high degree of automation. EiL emulates the dynamic interactions between the internal combustion engine and other powertrain components by closed-loop coupling to real-time simulation models. The coupling quality strongly depends on the interface properties, the hardware layout, and the control functionality of the dynamometer test bench. This paper analyzes an existing test bench and presents the impact of altered test bench parameters on different EiL quality aspects. Thereto, the setup is analyzed and a Simulink based grey box test bench model is derived. The latter is parametrized with a full factorial approach in comparison to real test bench measurements. The test bench model is then used for simulative investigations considering different test bench parameters: Two different use cases of Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) supported EiL are investigated. First, a simulative improvement of the test bench control quality by altering the PI based dyno speed controller parameters is investigated. The virtually calibrated controller parameters are applied to the real EiL system and compared to vehicle measurements. Second, sensitivity studies are shown with respect to dynamometer inertia and system dead time in terms of control quality and energy. As a major outcome, a compromise of control accuracy and stability for different speed controller parameters, dyno inertia, and system dead time is shown. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that EiL has only a small deviation in terms of energy compared to a full vehicle, making it a valid approach when considering CO2 emissions.
Beyond the specific factors versus common factors debate: Lacan’s four discourses informing Wampold and Imel’s contextual model of psychotherapy efficacy
Authors: Bell Christopher R.
Published: April 2022

This article is a critical reflection on the limitations of current metatheoretical models of psychotherapy efficacy that have emerged from the historic specific factors versus common factors debate. It argues that while Wampold and Imel’s (2015) contextual model of psychotherapy efficacy does capture the importance of the real relationship occurring across diverse modalities of psychotherapy, it inadequately accounts for important differences in psychotherapy relationships stemming from the different intersubjective contexts produced by different modalities of psychotherapy. This leaves Wampold and Imel’s contextual model open to criticism from Butler and Strupp’s (1986) earlier warning against producing a new “uniformity myth” of the therapeutic relationship. Lacan’s four discourses are introduced and discussed as a theoretical framework helpful for distinguishing different intersubjective contexts occurring in different forms of psychotherapy, with the implication that these contexts may produce distinct, qualitatively different kinds of psychotherapy effects.
Validation of Chinese Version Emotional Labor Scale for Social Workers in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Miao , Wu Fan , Wu Peilun , Wang Ning
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Social work practice needs emotional labor input, the level of which is related to job satisfaction, and well-being. The aim of this study was to validate the Chinese version of the Emotional Labor Scale (ELS) for social workers in Mainland, China. Method: Using a quota sampling method, 476 social workers in Mainland China were selected, and the reliability, and validity of the translated ELS was tested. Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a six-factor structure, which was consistent with the original scale. The Chinese version of ELS was indicated to have good factorial validity (KMO = 0.75, Bartlett’s test of sphericity: χ2 = 882.65, df = 91, p < 0.001) and reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.69). Conclusions: The validated Chinese version of ELS was applicable in future assessments of emotional labor of social workers in recruitment, training and supervision work in Mainland China. Cutoff scores were also suggested.
Knowledge, Fear, and Anxiety Levels Among Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yeşilçinar İlknur , Güvenç Gülten , Kinci Mehmet Ferdi , Bektaş Pardes Burçin , Kök Gülşah , Sivaslioğlu Ahmet Akın
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to evaluate pregnant women’s knowledge, fear, and anxiety levels during the coronavirus outbreak. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 pregnant women between May 20 and July 10, 2020. Data collection form for demographics and obstetric details, questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward COVID-19, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-I were used. The vast majority of pregnant women were afraid of being infected with the COVID-19 and causing mother-to-baby transmission. A positive correlation was found between fear of coronavirus transmission and the level of anxiety (p < .05). Risk perceptions regarding COVID-19 have affected the anxiety and knowledge levels of pregnant women. Based on the findings, knowledge levels, concerns, and fears about the risk of COVID-19 exposure have implications on the anxiety levels of pregnant women. Pregnant women experienced high stress and anxiety levels due to increased risk of COVID-19 transmission during face-to-face antenatal visits.
A Preliminary Study to Assess the Relevance of Shear-Wave Elastography in Characterizing Biomechanical Changes in the Deltoid Ligament Complex in Relation to Ankle Position
Authors: Rougereau Grégoire , Marty-Diloy Thibault , Vigan Marie , Donadieu Kalinka , Hardy Alexandre , Vialle Raphaël , Langlais Tristan
Published: April 2022

Background:

The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the different bundles of the deltoid ligament in various ankle positions in a cohort of healthy adult volunteers; (2) describe the impact of demographic and hindfoot morphology characteristics on their stiffness; (3) to assess the reliability and reproducibility of these measurements.

Methods:

Deltoid ligament complex of both ankles were assessed by shear-wave elastography (SWE) in 20 healthy patients resting on hinge support. The propagation shear-wave speed (SWS) in ligaments was measured, which is related to the tissue’s elastic modulus. The following ligaments were analyzed in a neutral position and then in varus, valgus, dorsal, and plantar flexions: tibionavicular ligament (TNL), tibiocalcaneal ligament (TCL), the superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament (SPTL), the anterior tibiotalar ligament (ATTL), and the deep posterior tibiotalar ligament (DPTTL).

Results:

The mean SWS increased between neutral and 20 degrees valgus position for TCL (4.08 ± 0.78 m/s vs 5.56 ± 0.62 m/s, respectively; P < .0001) and for DPTTL (2.58 ± 0.52 m/s vs 3.59 ± 0.87 m/s, respectively; P < .0001). The mean SWS increased between neutral and 30 degrees plantarflexion for ATTL (2.11 ± 0.44 m/s vs 3.1 ± 0.5 m/s, respectively; P < .0001) and TNL (2.96 ± 0.66 m/s vs 4.99 ± 0.69 m/s, respectively; P < .0001). The mean SWS increased between neutral and 20 degrees dorsal flexion for SPTL (4.2 ± 1 m/s vs 5.45 ± 0.65 m/s, respectively; P < .0001). Women had less DPTTL SWS than men in the neutral position (2.37 ± 0.35 m/s vs 2.71 ± 0.49 m/s, respectively; P = .007). Other demographics had no impact on the SWS value of other ligaments. All inter- and intraobserver agreements were good to excellent.

Conclusion:

This study presents a reliable and reproducible SWE measurement protocol to describe the physiological function of all bundles of the medial collateral ligament in healthy adults.

Clinical Relevance:

This examination technique can be available to orthopaedic surgeons, allowing reliable and reproducible monitoring of the SWS of the various ligaments constituting the medial collateral plane. The biomechanical values described in this study may give insight into in what position medial ankle ligament reconstruction should be tensioned.
Ecological and Convergent Validity of Experimentally and Dynamically Assessed Capacity for Social Contingency Detection Using the Perceptual Crossing Experiment in Adolescence
Authors: Hermans Karlijn S. F. M. , Kirtley Olivia J. , Kasanova Zuzana , Achterhof Robin , Hagemann Noëmi , Hiekkaranta Anu P. , Lecei Aleksandra , Zapata-Fonseca Leonardo , Lafit Ginette , Fossion Ruben , Froese Tom , Myin-Germeys Inez
Published: April 2022

The Perceptual Crossing Experiment (PCE) captures the capacity for social contingency detection using real-time social interaction dynamics but has not been externally validated. We tested ecological and convergent validity of the PCE in a sample of 208 adolescents from the general population, aged 11 to 19 years. We expected associations between PCE performance and (a) quantity and quality of social interaction in daily life, using Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM; ecological validity) and (b) self-reported social skills using a questionnaire (convergent validity). We also expected PCE performance to better explain variance in ESM social measures than self-reported social skills. Multilevel analyses showed that only self-reported social skills were positively associated with social experience of company in daily life. These initial results do not support ecological and convergent validity of the PCE. However, fueled by novel insights regarding the complexity of capturing social dynamics, we identified promising methodological advances for future validation efforts.
The Associations Between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Internalizing Symptoms, and Academic Performance in Children With Reading Disorder: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Hossain Bushra , Bent Stephen , Parenteau China , Widjaja Felicia , Davis Matthew , Hendren Robert L.
Published: April 2022

Objective:

To investigate whether sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) was associated with anxiety, depression, and academic performance (AP) in children with reading disorder (RD), and whether ADHD-Inattention (ADHD-IN) moderated these relationships.

Method:

Parents and teachers of children with RD ( N = 147, ages 6–18) completed evaluations of SCT, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and AP, every 3 months for 18 months. Baseline and longitudinal associations between SCT and outcomes, and effect moderation of ADHD-IN, were assessed.

Results:

Teacher-rated SCT was positively associated with teacher-rated anxiety ( p < .001) and negatively associated with AP ( p < .001) cross-sectionally and longitudinally, with significant effect modification by ADHD-IN for both outcomes. SCT was not associated with depression in adjusted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. There were no significant findings for any parent-reported measures.

Conclusion:

SCT has negative effects on anxiety and AP in children with RD among individuals with low ADHD-IN according to teacher report. Targeted treatment of SCT may provide substantial benefits.