bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Puntos controvertidos de la pensión de viudedad. Propuestas y alternativas a la gran cuestión: ¿Es realmente necesaria una reforma?
Authors: Fernández Collados M.ª Belén
Published: October 2022

La cuestionada viabilidad del sistema de Seguridad Social, así como los cambios sociales acaecidos desde el origen de la pensión de viudedad y su primogénita función social, ha venido reiteradamente poniendo en su punto de mira la pensión de viudedad, si bien su discutida reforma se ha ido posponiendo sine die.
Son muchos los puntos controvertidos de una institución que para algún sector doctrinal ha quedado casi obsoleta y cuya reforma integral se ha ido sorteando y parcheando hasta la fecha.
En esta investigación se pone de manifiesto cómo el origen, la función y la evolución de la prestación por viudedad son los principales factores que han incidido en la discutible regulación de la prestación, haciendo especial hincapié en dos aspectos claves: la problemática regulación de la pensión de viudedad de las parejas de hecho y la cuestionada naturaleza contributiva de la pensión en relación con la sostenibilidad del sistema y la deficiente protección de los beneficiarios más necesitados, con el objeto de concluir con una serie de reflexiones y propuestas finales sobre los puntos controvertidos de la pensión de viudedad, así como dar respuesta a la cuestión planteada en el título de este estudio: ¿es realmente necesaria una reforma de la pensión de viudedad?
Llamamiento tardío de un trabajador fijo discontinuo por parte de la empresa: Posibles efectos
Authors: Palomino Saurina Pilar
Published: October 2022

La regulación actual del trabajo fijo discontinuo tiene su origen en el artículo uno.d) de la Ley 20/2014, de 29 de octubre, por la que se delega en el Gobierno la potestad de dictar diversos textos refundidos, en virtud de lo establecido en el artículo 82 y siguientes de la Constitución Española, que autorizó al Gobierno para aprobar un texto refundido en el que se integrasen el texto refundido de la Ley del Estatuto de los Trabajadores, aprobado mediante Real Decreto Legislativo 1/1995, de 24 de marzo, y todas las disposiciones legales relacionadas que se enumeran en ese apartado, así como las normas con rango de ley que las hubieren modificado, lo que dio origen al Real Decreto Legislativo 2/2015, de 23 de octubre, que como novedad dedica su artículo 16 al contrato fijo discontinuo. Y es que, si bien la regulación anterior encuadraba esta modalidad contractual en el artículo 15.8 junto a los contratos temporales, el nuevo texto legal le da una nueva ubicación y la regula por separado, dándoles, por tanto, mayor relevancia.
Effects of secondary traumatic stress amongst nurses in an acute tertiary psychiatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Chinaboo Anashnee
Published: October 2022

Mental healthcare nurses (MHCNs) are often exposed to the narratives of the mental healthcare users (MHCUs) who often describe graphic details of occurrences or incidents they have experienced such as child abuse, violence and sexual assault. Due to their empathetic engagement and level of exposure to the MHCUs trauma, MHCNs may become traumatised themselves resulting in secondary traumatic stress (STS). PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and the personal and professional effects of STS among nurses working in a tertiary psychiatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). METHODOLOGY: The study followed a quantitative, non-experimental descriptive design and took place at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in KZN. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select 183 respondents. Data were collected using survey questionnaires. The theoretical framework was the Professional Quality of Life Model (ProQOL) (Stamm 2005). RESULTS: The findings of this study showed that there is a prevalence of STS. Although 66.5% (n = 122) of the respondents experienced little too mild to no STS, a significant percentage of the respondents (33.5%, n = 61) experienced moderate to high levels of STS. The enrolled nurses (ENs) reported higher levels of STS, job dissatisfaction and personal life dissatisfaction compared to the registered nurses (RNs) and enrolled nursing assistants (ENAs). RECOMMENDATIONS: The inclusion of STS into the nursing curriculum is recommended.
Leadership practices of nurse unit managers at a selected private hospital group in eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Ngcobo Thobani Patrick
Published: October 2022

Leadership has become an important aspect of management practice in the changing health care environment. As health care organisations restructure to meet the demands for accessible, efficient, safe and affordable health care, nurses in management roles are under constant pressure to develop new skills and strategies to meet the challenges that accompany system change. Research has shown links between leadership styles in nursing and nurses’ job satisfaction, job retention, quality of care, and hospital costs. Nurse Unit Managers (NUMs) as first-line leaders have a responsibility to induce changes in the clinical or work environment, calling for their active participation in the development of healthcare policies and strategies. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to explore the leadership practices of NUMs that allow them to achieve success in their leadership roles. Methodology A qualitative design guided the study and data was gathered through one-on-one, in-depth interviews from NUMs based at a private hospital group in the eThekwini District in KwaZulu-Natal. Findings Exploring this topic provided an understanding of the current gaps in leadership in the nursing sector; in particular, to the private healthcare industry. The understanding of the challenges makes it possible for the suggestion of strategies to assist and meet the needs of future NUMs with regard to leadership roles. Conclusion Research findings showed links between leadership styles in nursing and nurses’ job satisfaction, job retention, quality of care, and hospital costs. Whilst, NUMs as first-line leaders have a responsibility to induce changes in the clinical or work environment, their roles and functions have been somewhat stifled as they have had to function with limited resources and constraints. This has led to decreased levels of job satisfaction, further limiting growth or enhanced professional roles.
Усиление идеологического давления на литературу в послевоенный период
Authors: Асадуллаева Нурана
Published: October 2022

Вторая мировая война принесла огромные потери народам бывшего СССР. В то же время война несколько ослабила репрессии, которые повсеместно осуществлялись в стране. Победа в войне вызвала большой энтузиазм в стране Советов, и большая часть творческой интелигенции стала чувствовать себя более свободной. Однако советское правительство не могло допустить разрушения “Общего консенсуса” советской идеологии, достигнутого в результат напряженной борьбы и репрессий 20-30-х годов. Именно по этой причине ком партией начали издаваться указы в области искусства и литературы. Так, постановления “О журналах “Звезда” и “Ленинград”” от 14 августа 1946 года, “О репертуаре драматических театров и мерах по его улучшению” от 26 августа 1946 года, о постановке фильма “Большая опора” от 4 сентября 1946 года, о постановке оперы В.Мурадели “Великая дружба” от 10 февраля 1948 года, изданные Центральным комитетом, были направлены на то, чтобы художественная мысль развивалась в рамках советской идеологии. Издание таких указов привело к созданию ряда критических статей в столице Советского государства Москве и в отдельных республиках, в Центральной прессе вся деятельность такого рода была взята под серьезный контроль.
Как предотвратить несостоятельность кишечных анастомозов «высокого риска»
Authors: Агаев Эльчин , Исмайылова Зульфия , Гасанов Мушвиг
Published: October 2022

Одним из опасных внутрибрюшных осложнений после резекции кишечника является несостоятельность швов кишечных анастомозов (НШКА). Данное осложнение наблюдается не только после неотложных и срочных оперативных вмешательств, а также после плановых операций. Риск развития несостоятельности анастомозов возрастом и основным заболеванием пациента, присутствием хронических заболеваний, видом хирургического вмешательства, а также методом и локализацией анастомоза. В данной статье представлены методы профилактики НШКА, используемые нами в клинической практике.
Порівняльний аналіз геоінформаційних систем для використання в навчанні тактичних дисциплін
Authors: Кочанов Едуард , Зміївський Геннадій , Пуга Вячеслав
Published: October 2022

Проводиться порівняльний аналіз найбільш розповсюджених програмних продуктів геоінформаційних систем для використання в процесі навчання тактичних дисциплін курсантів (студентів) вищих військових навчальних закладів Міністерства оборони України та військових навчальних підрозділів закладів вищої освіти. Обґрунтовується вибір системи, розкриваються її дидактичні переваги і нові можливості щодо підвищення ефективності навчання.
MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DENGAN METODE JIGSAW DI SMPN 1 SUMBER BARITO
Authors: HENDRIKUS HENDRIKUS
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the jigsaw method on learning Social Sciences (IPS) on improving student learning achievement at SMP Negeri 1 Sumber Barito. This research is action research, which is carried out to solve learning problems in the classroom, including descriptive research because it describes how a learning technique is applied and how the desired results can be achieved. In this action research using the form of the teacher as a researcher, the full person in charge of this research is the teacher. The application of the jigsaw model of cooperative learning has a positive impact on improving student learning achievement which is marked by an increase in student learning mastery in each cycle, namely cycle I (60.71%), cycle II (75.00%), cycle III (89, 29%). The results showed that the application of the jigsaw method in social studies learning could improve student learning achievement which was seen based on the percentage of the number of students who had complete scores in each cycle, which always increased.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan método jigsaw pada pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar peserta didik di SMP Negeri 1 Sumber Barito. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan (action research) yaitu dilakukan untuk memecahkan masalah pembelajaran di kelas, termasuk penelitian deskriptif karena menggambarkan bagaimana suatu teknik pembelajaran diterapkan dan bagaimana hasil yang diinginkan dapat dicapai. Dalam penelitian tindakan ini menggunakan bentuk guru sebagai peneliti, penanggung jawab penuh penelitian ini adalah guru.    Penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif model jigsaw memiliki dampak positif dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar peserta didik dalam setiap siklus, yaitu siklus I (60,71%), siklus II (75,00%), siklus III (89,29%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan métode jigsaw pada pembelajaran IPS dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik yang dilihat berdasarkan persentase jumlah siswa yang mempunya nilai tuntas setiap siklus selalu mengalami peningkatan.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA MELALUI MEDIA VIDIO DENGAN MODEL E-LEARNING PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: KUSTADIYONO IBNU DWI
Published: October 2022

This study aims to find out the use of the e-learning model with video media can improve science learning outcomes in class IX-6 students of SMPN 1 Taliwang in the 2020/2021 school year with the characteristics of the e-learning model being structured learning. with the aim of using an electronic or computer system. To support the learning process, this research was conducted as classroom action research in class IX-6 SMPN 1 Taliwang with 29 students, 9 boys and 20 girls, with two cycles for 3 months on magnetism. This study was taken with student observation data, teacher observations and evaluation tests and analyzed descriptively. The results showed an increase in student learning outcomes in each cycle, in the pre-cycle of students who completed learning 51.7%, cycle 1 students who completed learning 82.8% and in cycle 2 students who completed learning 89.65% so that based on the results of the study it can be concluded that learning with the e-learning model with video media can improve student learning outcomes.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan model e-learning dengan media video dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas IX-6 SMPN 1 Taliwang tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 dengan karakteristik model e-learning adalah pembelajaran yang terstruktur. dengan tujuan menggunakan sistem elektronik atau komputer. Untuk menunjang proses pembelajaran, penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai penelitian tindakan kelas di kelas IX-6 SMPN 1 Taliwang dengan subjek sebanyak 29 siswa, 9 laki-laki dan 20 perempuan, dengan dua siklus selama 3 bulan pada materi kemagnetan. Penelitian ini diambil dengan data observasi siswa, observasi guru dan tes evaluasi serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada setiap siklusnya, pada pra siklus siswa yang tuntas belajar 51,7 % , siklus 1 siswa yang tuntas belajar 82,8 % dan pada siklus 2 siswa yang tuntas belajar 89,65 % sehingga berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan model e-learning dengan media video dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
PERSEPSI PNS GENERASI MILENIAL TERHADAP SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: DINIYATI NURUL
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the perception of the millennial generation of civil servants towards the online learning system in Pati district. This study uses a qualitative approach with analytical descriptive methods through survey techniques. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there are at least three components that need adjustment in online learning, especially if the target participants are millennials, namely training strategy, facilitators and learning media. For training, it is necessary to have wider opportunities for participants to manage study time, study strategies and flexible assignment deadlines. For facilitators, it is necessary to have qualified competence in the field of training that is being taught, then be able to deliver it in an interesting, communicative and also important way, the facilitator must consider the participants as partners who are ready to help participants learn. Finally, the learning media provided must be varied, not monotonous, only on one learning source and of course the learning resources are arranged in an effective, attractive, accountable and accommodated participant's interest in the digital world or technology. Although it is necessary to adjust the three components, the education and training institution must still focus on the minimum achievement criteria for a training in accordance with the training institution goal.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini ertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi PNS generasi milenial terhadap sistem pembelajaran daring di kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis melalui teknik survei. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa setidaknya ada tiga komponen yang perlu penyesuaian dalam pembelajaran online utamanya jika target pesertanya adalah kalangan milenial, yaitu strategi pelatihan, fasilitator dan media pembelajarannya. Untuk pelatihan secara perlu adanya kesempatan yang lebih luas bagi peserta untuk mengatur waktu belajar, strategi belajar dan deadline penugasan yang cukup fleksibel. Untuk fasilitator perlu kompetensi yang mumpuni dibidang mata pelatihan yang diampu, kemudian mampu menyampaiakan dengan cara yang menarik, komunikatif serta taak kalah penting fasilitator harus menganggap peserta sebagai mitra yang siap membantu belajar peserta. Terakhir media pembelajaran yang diberikan harus bervariasi, tidak monoton hanya pada satu sumber belajar dan tentunya sumber belajar tersebut disusun dengan efektif, menarik, dapat dipertanggung jawabkan dan mengakomodir ketertarikan peserta dengan dunia digital atau teknologi. Meski perlu penyesuaian pada tiga komponen tersebut, akan tetapi badan diklat harus tetap fokus pada kriteria ketercapaian minimal suatu pelatihan sesuai dengan yang ditetapkan badan diklat tersebut.
COMUNICAÇÃO BUCO SINUSAL: DO MANEJO CLÍNICO A ABORDAGEM CIRÚRGICA
Authors: Brambilla Thailla Fernanda Garcia , Fabris André Luis da Silva
Published: October 2022

A comunicação buco sinal, geralmente, ocorre como resultado de exodontia dos elementos dentários posteriores superior, em decorrência de sua proximidade com o seio maxilar. Assim como diversos acidentes que podem ocorrer durante uma extração dentaria a comunicação buco sinusal deve ser tratada com atenção minuciosa, evitando assim uma contaminação pela saliva e por alimentos que pode levar a uma infecção bacteriana. O objetivo deste trabalho é através de uma revisão de literatura abordar a prevenção, manejo clínico e cirúrgico da comunicação buco sinusal. A fim de orientar os profissionais de saúde sobre a importância do planejamento e execução de tratamento seguro nesta região. Diante disto, os métodos utilizados foram através de buscas de artigos científicos indexados nas bases de dados da PubMed e SciELO. O seio maxilar é uma estrutura anatômica da maxila e é considerado o maior seio paranasal. O tratamento varia de acordo com o diâmetro da comunicação, sendo que a literatura relata diferentes formas de tratamentos para fechamento da comunicação buco sinusal.  Diante disto, pode-se concluir que a observação dos limites anatômicos do seio maxilar previamente a procedimentos cirúrgicos é de suma importância para o planejamento e execução correta do tratamento adequado para cada paciente.
Validation Activities of Aeolus Wind Products in the Southeastern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Abril-Gago Jesús , Ortiz-Amezcua Pablo , Bermejo-Pantaleón Diego , Andújar-Maqueda Juana , Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Granados-Muñoz María José , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Foyo-Moreno Inmaculada , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis
Published: October 2022

Abstract. A statistical validation campaign of Aeolus L2B wind products has been performed with a ground-based Doppler lidar system and radiosondes at the ACTRIS/AGORA facility in Granada (Spain). The validation activities with the automatic ground-based lidar system lasted from the release of the reprocessed Aeolus data to the orbit shift of June 2021. This validation was performed using 109 B10 and B11 Aeolus products (within 100 km around the station) and 30-min averages of coincident ground-based lidar measurements (mean bin distance of ~50 km). The comparison yielded an approximately equal overestimation and underestimation of Aeolus HLOS wind speed during that period for the Rayleigh clear and Mie cloudy configurations. However, the reliability of the results was constrained to Aeolus’ lowermost bins (roughly up to 3.5 km asl), due to the limited vertical coverage of the ground-based lidar measurements. Several spin-off analyses were performed varying the maximum distance to consider an Aeolus bin into the comparison and the average of the ground-based lidar measurements, in order to confirm the reliability of the criteria considered. An additional study was performed with Aeolus products after the orbit shift (B12 with a mean bin distance of ~75 km). A set of 7 radiosondes were launched between June 2021 and July 2022 (B12, mean bin distance of ~75 km) aiming to increase their coincidence in space and time with the satellite overpass (~30 minutes before). The radiosondes could provide full vertical coverage of Aeolus profiles (from surface up to ~20 km asl) and the comparison yielded that the Rayleigh clear HLOS wind speed presented an approximately equal overestimation and underestimation, while the Mie cloudy HLOS wind speed was significantly overestimated. Spin-off analyses were performed in order to test how the spatiotemporal colocation of the radiosonde affected the results.
Advances in retrieving methane and carbon monoxide from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor
Authors: Schneising Oliver , Buchwitz Michael , Hachmeister Jonas , Vanselow Steffen , Reuter Maximilian , Buschmann Matthias , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite enables the accurate determination of atmospheric methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) abundances at high spatial resolution and global daily sampling. Due to its wide swath and sampling, the global distribution of both gases can be determined in unprecedented detail. The scientific retrieval algorithm Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (WFMD) has proven valuable in simultaneously retrieving the atmospheric column-averaged dry air mole fractions XCH4 and XCO from TROPOMI's radiance measurements in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral range. Here we present recent improvements of the algorithm which have been incorporated into the current version v1.8 of the TROPOMI/WFMD product. This includes processing adjustments such as increasing the polynomial degree to 3 in the fitting procedure to better account for possible spectral albedo variations within the fitting window and updating the digital elevation model to minimise topography related biases. In the post-processing, the machine-learning-based quality filter has been refined using additional data when training the random forest classifier to further reduce scenes with residual cloudiness that are incorrectly classified as good. Furthermore, the machine learning calibration, addressing systematic errors due to simplifications in the forward model or instrumental issues, has been optimised. To remove vertical stripes in the XCH4 and XCO data, an efficient orbitwise destriping filter based on combined wavelet-Fourier filtering has been implemented, while optimally preserving the original spatial trace gas features. The temporal coverage of the data records has been extended to the end of April 2022 covering a total length of 4.5 years since the start of the mission and will be further extended in the future. The improvements, which have been implemented, reduce the pseudo-noise component of the products resulting in an improved random error. The XCH4 and XCO products have similar spatial coverage from year to year including high latitudes and the oceans. The analysis of annual growth rates reveals an accelerated growth of atmospheric methane during the covered period, in line with observations at marine surface sites of the Global Monitoring Division of NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, which reported consecutive annual record increases over the past two years 2020 and 2021.
Mapping soil organic carbon fractions for Australia, their stocks and uncertainty
Authors: Román Dobarco Mercedes , Wadoux Alexandre M. J-C. , Malone Brendan , Minasny Budiman , McBratney Alex B. , Searle Ross
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool. SOC is composed of a continuum set of compounds with different chemical composition, origin and susceptibilities to decomposition, that are commonly separated into pools characterised by different responses to anthropogenic and environmental disturbance. Here we map the contribution of three SOC fractions to the total SOC content of Australia’s soils. The three SOC fractions: mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and pyrogenic organic carbon (PyOC), represent SOC composition with distinct turnover rates, chemistry, and pathway formation. Data for MAOC, POC, and PyOC were obtained with near- and mid-infrared spectral models calibrated with measured SOC fractions. We transformed the data using an isometric log-ratio transformation (ilr) to account for the closed compositional nature of SOC fractions. The resulting, back-transformed ilr components were mapped across Australia. SOC fraction stocks for the 0–30 cm were derived with maps of total organic carbon concentration, bulk density, coarse fragments and soil thickness. Mapping was done by quantile regression forest fitted with the ilr transformed data and a large set of environmental variables as predictors. The resulting maps along with the quantified uncertainty show the unique spatial pattern of SOC fractions in Australia. MAOC dominated the total SOC with an average of 59 % ± 17.5 %, whereas 28 % ± 17.5 % was PyOC and 13 % ± 11.1 % was POC. The allocation of TOC into the MAOC fractions increased with depth. SOC vulnerability (i.e., POC/[MAOC + PyOC]) was greater in areas with Mediterranean and temperate climate. TOC and the distribution among fractions were the most influential variables on SOC fraction uncertainty. Further, the diversity of climatic and pedological conditions suggests that different mechanisms will control SOC stabilisation and dynamics across the continent, as shown by the model covariates importance metric. We estimated the total SOC stocks (0–30 cm) to be 12.7 Pg MAOC, 2 Pg POC and 5.1 Pg PyOC, which is consistent with previous estimates. The maps of SOC fractions and their stocks can be used for modelling SOC dynamics and forecasting changes in SOC stocks as response to land use change, management, and climate change.
Enabling dynamic modelling of global coastal flooding by defining storm tide hydrographs
Authors: Dullaart Job C. M. , Muis Sanne , de Moel Hans , Ward Philip J. , Eilander Dirk , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Coastal flooding is driven by both high tides and/or storm surge, the latter being caused by strong winds and low pressure in tropical and extratropical. The combination of storm surge and the astronomical tide is defined as the storm tide. To gain understanding into the threat imposed by coastal flooding and to identify areas that are especially at risk, now and in the future, it is crucial to accurately model coastal inundation and assess the coastal flood hazard. Most models capable of simulating coastal inundation at the global scale follow a simple planar approach, often referred to as bathtub models. The main limitations of this type of model are that they implicitly assume an infinite flood duration and do not capture relevant physical processes. In this study we develop a method to generate hydrographs called HGRAPHER, and provide a global dataset of storm tide hydrographs. These hydrographs represent the typical shape of an extreme storm tide at a certain location along the global coastline. We test the sensitivity of the HGRAPHER method with respect to two main assumptions that determine the shape of the hydrograph, namely the surge event sampling threshold and coincidence in time of the surge and tide maxima. These hydrographs can be used to move away from planar to more advanced dynamic inundation modelling techniques at large scales.
Documentary evidence of urban droughts and their impact in the eastern Netherlands: the cases of Deventer and Zutphen, 1500–1795
Authors: Moerman Dániel Johannes
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Compared to other parts of Europe, very little is known about pre-instrumental drought periods in the Netherlands. Existing reconstructions are based primarily on data from England, France, and Germany, while more precise, local studies on drought and its impact are still absent. This article thus aims to further our knowledge of droughts in the Netherlands between 1500 and 1795, by focusing specifically on drought in an urban context to provide a more precise and local idea of the impact and severity of drought. The main case studies are cities in the eastern part of the country, Deventer and Zutphen. Both cities lay in relative close proximity to each other and share similar geological and hydrological conditions, as well as extensive archives that can be used to gather documentary data regarding historical drought periods. The three primary aims of the article are: 1) to examine the potential use of documentary data from the city archives of Deventer and Zutphen for historical drought reconstruction; 2) to establish droughts for both cities on the basis of the year, month/season in which they took place, as well as ranking the droughts according to the impact-based Historical Severity Drought Scale (HSDS) and 3) to compare the data from this analysis with that of other indices. In the end, the article strengthens the need to focus on documentary data from local case studies regarding drought, not only to provide more precise local reconstructions of drought-severity compared to regional studies, but also to take into account the long-term effects on urban waterscapes and the provisioning of fresh water.
GEOSCENE MODELING AND ANALYSIS FOR URBAN FUNCTIONAL ZONES
Authors: Zhang X. , Du S.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Urban functional zones are basic units for human socio-economic activities in cities. Urban functional zones play an important role in a wide range of urban studies, as they are fundamental to urban planning and management, urban resource allocation, as well as urban sustainable development evaluation. However, existing studies of urban functional zone modeling and mapping mainly employ state-of-the-art image segmentation and deep learning classification methods in computer science field to delineate and recognize urban functional zones, but ignore their heterogeneity, integration, multi-scale, and locality characteristics, so that the accuracy of urban functional zone modeling, mapping, and analysis is limited and interpretable, thus cannot comprehensively meet the requirements of downstream applications. This study, however, proposes a geoscene modeling and analysis framework for extracting urban functional zones, which first delineates urban functional zones by multiscale geoscene segmentation, then characterizes them by hierarchical semantic cognition, and finally recognizes their functional categories by linear Dirichlet mixture model. Although this paper does not present the detailed implementations of the geoscene modeling of urban functional zones, it illustrates the importance and the generally strategy of geoscene modeling in urban functional zone mapping and analysis. Additionally, urban functional zone mapping results of Baoshan District, Shanghai, in 2015 and 2020 are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed geoscene modeling strategy.
Ice fabrics in two-dimensional flows: beyond pure and simple shear
Authors: Richards Daniel H. , Pegler Samuel S. , Piazolo Sandra
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Ice fabrics – the distribution of crystal orientations in a polycrystal – are key for understanding and predicting ice flow dynamics. Despite their importance, the characteristics and evolution of fabrics produced outside of the deformation regimes of pure and simple shear flow has largely been neglected, yet they are a common occurrence within ice sheets. Here, we use a recently developed numerical model (SpecCAF) to classify all fabrics produced over a continuous spectrum of incompressible two-dimensional deformation regimes and temperatures. The model has been shown to accurately predict ice fabrics produced in experiments, where the ice has been deformed in either uniaxial compression or simple shear. Here we use the model to reveal fabrics produced in regimes intermediate to pure and simple shear, as well as those that are more rotational than simple shear. We find that intermediate deformation regimes between pure and simple shear result in a smooth transition between a fabric characterised by a girdle and a secondary cluster pattern. Highly rotational deformation regimes are revealed to produce a weak girdle fabric. Furthermore, we provide regime diagrams to help constrain deformation conditions of measured ice fabrics. We also obtain predictions for the strain scales over which fabric evolution takes place at any given temperature. The use of our model in large-scale ice flow models and for interpreting fabrics observed in ice cores and seismic anisotropy provides new tools supporting the community in predicting and interpreting ice flow in a changing climate.
Brief communication: Nonlinear sensitivity of glacier-mass balance attested by temperature-index models
Authors: Vincent Christian , Thibert Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Temperature-index models have been widely used for glacier-mass projections over the 21st century. The ability of temperature-index models to capture nonlinear responses of glacier mass balance (MB) to high deviations in air temperature and solid precipitation has recently been questioned by mass-balance simulations employing advanced machine-learning techniques. Here, we performed numerical experiments with a classic and simple temperature-index model and confirmed that such models are capable of detecting nonlinear responses of glacier MB to temperature and precipitation changes. Nonlinearities derive from the change of the degree-day factor over the ablation season and from the lengthening of the ablation season.
Learning visuo-motor behaviours for robot locomotion over difficult terrain
Authors:   , Tidd Brendan
Published: October 2022

This thesis investigated efficient methods for learning locomotion behaviours for robots, and the challenges of combining several complex controllers. Experiments were performed with a dynamic biped in simulation required to walk across gaps, over steps and stairs, and jump over hurdles and blocks, and also in a real-world scenario with a large tracked platform negotiating small doorways. The developed solutions utilised perception to perform complex maneuvers while minimising retraining for new behaviours. Ideas from this thesis lead toward scalable behaviour libraries to enable robots to make their way into an increasing number of roles in our society.
Investigation of charge transport metal oxides for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors:   , Madani Sepideh Sadat
Published: October 2022

This research investigates various thin-film metal oxides as charge transport layer for improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. Physical Vapor Deposition techniques such as magnetron sputtering, and electron beam evaporation were used to fabricate the metal oxide thin films. The structural, morphological, chemical, optical, electrical, and electronic properties of the films were studied. Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator was employed for investigating the performance of the PSC using the experimental data as input parameters. Results showed that optimized properties of the metal oxide thin films as charge (hole) transport layer have improved the performance of the PSC device.
Developing low cost water treatment solutions for rural, less advantaged communities
Authors:   , Nikagolla Chandima
Published: October 2022

This research developed new knowledge relating to the provision of affordable drinking water. An integrated approach for groundwater characterisation in complex environmental settings was successfully developed and tested. A novel sorbent for fluoride removal was introduced, and a cost-effective household-level water filter was designed. The generic outcomes of this research can be applied to improve the lives of people in disadvantaged rural settings by improving their treated drinking water access.
Video Games and Cognitive Science for the Design and Evaluation of Statistical Problem Solving in Elementary School Children
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Escobar-Pérez Jazmine , Herrera Rojas Aura Nidia ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Published: October 2022

Video games have reemerged in the teaching-learning processes and their use is beginning to extend also to evaluation, because of their potential to create a playful environment and generate a context of authentic evaluation. However, they must have the psychometric characteristics of quality and be based on theories of learning and cognitive science to make correct inferences from the scores obtained. This paper presents the design of a video game set in a pre-Columbian world to evaluate the solution of statistical problems in children, based on the model of hierarchical cognitive diagnosis. The instrument will allow obtaining information that helps the teacher to identify which attributes their students have and which ones are still to be built in order to solve statistical problems. Los videojuegos han resurgido en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y su uso se empieza a extender también a la evaluación, por su potencial para crear un ambiente lúdico y generar un contexto de evaluación auténtica. Sin embargo, deben contar con las características psicométricas de calidad y basarse en teorías del aprendizaje y de la ciencia cognitiva para poder hacer inferencias acertadas a partir de los puntajes obtenidos. Se presenta el diseño de un videojuego ambientado en un mundo precolombino para evaluar la solución de problemas estadísticos en niños, basado en el modelo de diagnóstico cognitivo jerárquico. El instrumento permitirá obtener información que ayude al maestro a identificar cuáles atributos tienen sus alumnos y cuáles les falta por construir para poder solucionar problemas de estadística.
An Overview of the Use of Technology for Teaching Statistics by Mexican High School Teachers
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Gómez-Blancarte Ana Luisa
Published: October 2022

This article presents an overview of the kinds of technological tools used for teaching statistics and how Mexican high school teachers use them. A qualitative approach was adopted based on a survey and interviews. The survey was administered to 754 teachers to explore, among other things, the types of technology they use. Interviews were held with three of the teachers surveyed to probe details related to: (a) the activities in which they use technology; (b) the objectives pursued; and (c) their difficulties in using technology. Although 96% of the teachers report that they use technological tools for teaching statistics, the interviewed teachers emphasized using technology to perform calculations and construct tables and graphs, while also pointing out that they lacked access to technology in their schools.
Structured, Interactive Resources for Teaching Bayesian Inference
Authors:   University of British Columbia, Diluvi Gian Carlo , Dunham Bruce ,   University of British Columbia, Heckman Nancy ,   University of British Columbia, Lee Melissa ,   University of British Columbia, Lourenzutti Rodolfo ,   University of British Columbia
Published: October 2022

Most statistics undergraduate curricula provide only a brief introduction to Bayesian inference. Furthermore, there is evidence that learners can fail to appreciate core concepts of the Bayesian framework because of the focus on the mathematical formalism that is common in traditional instruction of Bayesian inference. Guided exercises and interactive simulations are promising alternatives for introducing Bayesian inference. However, these two types of resources have thus far been developed separately, which may make them less effective. In this work, we bridge this gap by developing interactive, structured resources in the form of web apps and accompanying activity sheets with guiding exercises. We also incorporate student feedback via think-aloud sessions. This allows us to pinpoint sources of confusion in students, e.g., problems constructing their priors.
Teaching Materials Adapted for Visually Impaired Students in Statistics Classes
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Pará, Vilhena Vera Débora , Vilhena da Silva Maria de Fátima ,   Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Lima Reinaldo ,   Universidade Federal do Pará
Published: October 2022

This paper describes the use of pedagogical didactic resources adapted for statistics classes to a blind student. It is an exploratory research on the construction and analysis of graph and table with a blind student of the bachelor's degree course in librarianship of the Federal University of Pará. The research was in person and had two moments: a diagnosis with the subject of the research about statistical knowledge, and another with the construction of graphs and tables. The results indicate that the didactic resources, special equipment, and mediation of the teacher are of the utmost importance in the planning and execution of pedagogical proposals with the purpose of effective learning and inclusion of the visually impaired student in the construction and analysis of charts and tables, respecting their limitations. Este trabalho descreve o uso de recursos didáticos pedagógicos adaptados para aulas de Estatística a um aluno cego. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória sobre a construção e análise de gráfico e tabela com um aluno cego do curso de bacharelado em Biblioteconomia da Universidade Federal do Pará. A pesquisa foi presencial e teve dois momentos: um diagnóstico com o sujeito da pesquisa sobre os conhecimentos estatísticos, e outro com a construção de gráficos e tabelas. Os resultados indicam que os recursos didáticos, equipamentos especiais e mediação do professor são da maior importância no planejamento e execução de propostas pedagógicas com a finalidade da efetiva aprendizagem e inclusão do aluno deficiente visual na construção e análise de gráficos e tabelas, respeitando-se as suas limitações.
Teaching Materials for the Development of the Transnumeration Component in an Inclusive Education Space
Authors:   Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Álvarez Alfonso Ingrith , Niño Parra John Edison ,   Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
Published: October 2022

This proposal is made within the framework of the Research Seedbed in Statistical Education [SIEdEst] of the National Pedagogical University. It focuses on socializing with the academic community didactic materials built to contribute to the development of skills and abilities of the transnumeration component, as part of the training of statistically educated citizens. These materials are the result of the study that was carried out during the development of the degree work called Statistical Culture from the Transnumeration: An Inclusive Space for the Teaching of Statistics. A data table written in Braille, a 3D contingency table, a statistical conveyor, among other materials, allowed the management of virtual classes with a blind student and a regular student. La presente propuesta se formula en el marco del Semillero de Investigación en Educación Estadística [SIEdEst] de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Se centra en socializar con la comunidad académica materiales didácticos construidos para aportar al desarrollo de las destrezas y habilidades propias del componente de transnumeración, como parte de la formación de ciudadanos estadísticamente cultos. Estos materiales son fruto del estudio que se llevó a cabo durante el desarrollo del trabajo de grado denominado Cultura estadística desde la transnumeración: un espacio inclusivo para la enseñanza de la estadística. Una tabla de datos escrita en Braille, una tabla de contingencia en 3D, un transportador estadístico, entre otros materiales, permitieron la gestión de clases virtuales con un estudiante ciego y un educando regular.
Perceptions of Doctoral Students on the Teaching Strategies of Statistics During the Pandemic
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Gaviria-Bedoya Jaime , González-Gómez Difariney ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Villa-Ochoa Jhony ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: October 2022

This study analyzes the perceptions of a group of students on teaching strategies in a biostatistics course, assisted by ICT, during the pandemic. Ten PhD students in Public Health from a public university in Medellín-Colombia participated. Several strategies were implemented, including reading reports, critical reading, and analysis of real cases. The sources of information were dialogs with the students and an evaluation about the teaching strategies of the course. Students reported a positive perception of teaching strategies, which allowed them to be more active in their learning. The strategies implemented in the course contributed to positively transform the perception of students about biostatistics. En este estudio se analizan las percepciones de un grupo de estudiantes sobre las estrategias de enseñanza en un curso de bioestadística, asistido por TIC, durante la pandemia. Participaron diez estudiantes de un doctorado en Salud Pública de una universidad pública de Medellín-Colombia. Se implementaron diversas estrategias, entre ellas, reportes de lectura, lectura crítica y análisis de casos reales. Las fuentes de información fueron diálogos con los estudiantes y una evaluación acerca de las estrategias de enseñanza del curso. Los estudiantes reportaron una percepción positiva frente a las estrategias de enseñanza, lo que les permitió una posición más activa en su aprendizaje. Las estrategias implementadas en el curso contribuyeron a transformar positivamente la percepción de los estudiantes acerca de la bioestadística.
The Game “Throwing Coin”: A Possibility of Probability Teaching for Children of 7 and 8 Years
Authors:   Universidade de Uberaba, Vilas Bôas Sandra Gonçalves , Conti Keli Cristina ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to investigate how Brazilian children, 7 and 8 years old, appropriate the notions of chance, the idea of random, and sample space in game situations. The participating children study at the Municipal Public Network of Uberlândia - Minas Gerais - Brazil. The research was qualitative and sought theoretical reference in statistical education, in the studies on probability and in the role of educational games. The production of the dice was carried out by means of the game "Throwing the coin," and by means of participant observation. We infer that children have acquired the skills of: presenting the possible results of a random coin experiment; realizing that the outcome of the coin toss depends on chance; and understanding that not all phenomena are deterministic. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar como as crianças brasileiras, de 7 e 8 anos se apropriam das noções de acaso, ideia de aleatório e espaço amostral em situações de jogo. As crianças participantes estudam na Rede Pública Municipal de Uberlândia - Minas Gerais – Brasil. A investigação foi de cunho qualitativo e buscou referencial teórico na Educação Estatística, nos estudos sobre Probabilidade e no papel dos jogos educacionais. A produção dos dados foi realizada por meio do jogo “Lançando a moeda,” e por meio de observação participante. Inferimos que as crianças adquiriram as habilidades de: apresentar os possíveis resultados de um experimento aleatório com moedas; perceber que o resultado do lançamento da moeda depende do acaso; e compreender que nem todos os fenômenos são determinísticos.