bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FarmTech: Regulating the use of digital technologies in the agricultural sector
Authors: Ibrahim Imad Antoine , Truby Jon Mark
Published: June 2023

Farming relies on the accurate collection and processing of data. Algorithms utilizing artificial intelligence can predict patterns and spot problems, helping farmers make more informed decisions. Robotics, machine learning and the internet of things offer opportunities to improve farming methods and output. Emerging technologies provide significant opportunities for farms to maximize productivity but contain risks. This challenge requires a balance between ensuring that stakeholders are able to benefit from the opportunities while managing competing interests and technological complexities. This article examines legal developments in this field, highlighting the role of domestic and international regulations. The authors point out that several issues are not considered within current frameworks, initiatives and efforts affecting their effectiveness. Based on this, they will suggest a pragmatic solution considering recent European Union law.
Genotype by yield* trait (GYT) biplot analysis: A novel approach for phenotyping sunflower single cross hybrids based on multiple traits
Authors: Gholizadeh Amir , Ghaffari Mehdi
Published: June 2023

Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed plants in the world and its oil has nutritional and high economic value. Selection of high‐yielding hybrids is important in sunflower breeding. In this regard, 11 new hybrids along with four cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications during the 2018–2020 growing seasons. The phenological and agronomic traits including days to flowering, days to ripening, plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, seed number per head, thousand‐seed weight, oil content, and seed yield were measured. In this study, the methods of genotype × trait (GT) and genotype × yield × trait biplot (GYT) were used to identify interrelationships between different traits and to select the best sunflower hybrids based on multiple traits. According to the results, GYT biplot method was more efficient compared to the GT biplot method. Considering both superiority index (SI) and GYT biplot, the genotypes G8, G11, G5, and G3 were superior in terms of agronomical attributes such as flowering and maturity times, stem and head diameter, plant height, thousand‐seed weight, and seed number per head in close relationship with grain yield. Oil content of the hybrids G8, G11, G5, and G3 was 47.9%, 46.4%, 45.8%, and 46.3%, respectively. The results indicated that there is a potential for simultaneous genetic improvement of the characteristics (i.e., plant height, thousand‐seed weight, seed number per head, early maturity) in sunflower. Overall, the GYT graphical biplot method provides a practical and efficient new approach for the identification of suitable hybrids according to the set of intended characteristics in sunflower improvement under multi‐years or multi‐locations.
Evaluation of zinc oxide nanocomposite with Aloe vera gel for packaging of chicken fillet against Salmonella typhi and Salmonella para typhi A
Authors: Soltan Dallal Mohammad Mehdi , Karimaei Samira , Hajighasem Maryam , Hashemi Seyed Jamal , Rahimi Foroushani Abbas , Ghazi‐Khansari Mahmoud , Partoazar Alireza
Published: June 2023

The growing demand for high food quality has been encouraging researchers in the food industry to apply biodegradable nanocomposites, which provide new opportunities and challenges for the advance of nanomaterials in the food industry. The objective of this study was to estimate the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity effects of zinc oxide nanocomposite/zeolite (c/Zeo) with Aloe vera gel (AG) and its effect on the shelf life of chicken meat. The ZnONPs/Zeo was assessed using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) analyses. The cytotoxicity effect of ZnONPs/Zeo was assessed by MTT assay. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ZnONPs/Zeo and ZnONPs/Zeo‐AG against Salmonella typhi and Salmonella para typhi A were investigated. Also, the preservative effect of nanocomposites on chicken fillets was evaluated. The results showed that these nanocomposites have the least cytotoxicity effect, resulting in good biocompatibility with the host. The MIC and MBC values of ZnONPs/Zeo‐AG were lower than the ZnONPs/Zeo against S. typhi and S. paratyphi A. Both ZnONPs/Zeo‐AG and ZnONPs/Zeo caused a significant decrease in the bacterial count of the chicken fillets. So, by spraying on meat, the number of bacteria presented a sharper decline as compared with the control group, resulting in an approximately 3.3 and 3‐log10 reduction over 48 h in the ZnONPs/Zeo‐AG and ZnONPs/Zeo treatment samples, respectively. In conclusion, antimicrobial packaging with ZnONPs containing A. vera is a beneficial solution for preserving and improving the quality, safety, and shelf life of fresh meat products.
A comparison of the nutritive value of perennial ryegrass, perennial ryegrass and white clover and multispecies‐based farmlet systems
Authors: Baker Shona , Lynch Mary B. , Godwin Fionnuala , Boland Tommy M. , Evans Alexander C. O. , Murphy Paul N. C. , Kelly Alan K. , Sheridan Helen
Published: June 2023

Background

Limited information is available regarding the nutritive value and structural characteristics of multispecies swards when rotationally grazed.

Methods

Three farmlet types were investigated in terms of their nutritive value: Lolium perenne (LP); L. perenne+Trifolium repens (LP+TR); and a multispecies sward containing grasses, legumes and herbs (MSS). Farmlets were stocked with beef steers (2.5 livestock units ha−1), grazed on a 1 ha scale to 6 cm (MSS) and 4 cm (LP and LP+TR) residuals.

Results

A greater ash concentration was found in MSS than LP (84 vs. 75 g kg−1 DM). Both LP+TR and MSS had higher crude protein and lower neutral detergent fibre concentrations than LP. The relative ranking of water soluble carbohydrate and dry matter (DM) concentration was LP > LP+TR > MSS. Despite the leaf component of the LP farmlet contributing more to herbage DM, the organic matter digestibilities of the swards were similar.

Conclusions

The MSS and LP+TR farmlets achieved similar forage quality under intensive grazing to LP. However, it is worth noting that MSS had a higher concentration of acid detergent lignin, which can negatively impact digestibility. Further investigation is needed to determine optimal grazing management practices that can minimise the effects of higher lignin concentration on digestibility in multispecies swards.
Determining the earliest growth stage to detect the presence of endophytes in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass seedlings using molecular markers
Authors: Lee Kendall , Hill Nicholas , Dela Cerna Chloe , Missaoui Ali
Published: June 2023

Background

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea [Schreb.], Lolium arundinaceum [Schreb.] Darbysh) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are important cool‐season forage and amenity grasses that have a mutualistic association with an endophytic fungus. Endophytes confer insect and drought resistance to plants but can produce mammalian toxins. Novel endophytes that do not produce mammalian toxins have been introduced to elite cultivars for commercial production. Seed companies need to maintain adequate levels of novel endophytes within the elite forage cultivars. Endophyte detection is performed using immunochemical and molecular techniques because of their speed and reliability. Early detection in seedlings is essential to evaluate the viability of the endophyte within seed lots.

Methods

This research aimed to identify the earliest growth stage in which immunochemical and molecular methods can detect viable endophyte in seedlings of tall fescue cultivars BarOptima (e34), Texoma MaxQII (584), and Jesup MaxQ (542), as well as the perennial ryegrass cultivar Remington (NEA2).

Results

Immunochemical testing detected endophytes in seedlings 14 days after germination (DAG), but the detection rate increased until 42 DAG in some cultivars tested. The molecular marker Tef1exon detected endophytes at a lower rate than the immunochemical method at 28–42 DAG. However, there was insufficient DNA to detect endophytes in 14 DAG seedlings using markers.

Conclusions

We conclude that the most accurate detection of viable endophytes in seedlings was 42 DAG, at which sufficient and consistent endophyte colonization occurred.
College credit plus modality and future matriculation of high school students in Ohio
Authors: Tipton Kristy L.
Published: June 2023

College Credit Plus (CCP) is a dual enrollment program allowing high school students to obtain both high school credit and college credit by participating in college courses at a local higher education institution. CCP courses can be taken at a college or university, at the student's high school, or online. This research seeks to find if CCP course modality affects future matriculation to the same university following high school. The population of CCP student data was a historical sample collected from the spring semester of 2018 to avoid the influence of COVID‐19 on attendance. Data on the location of CCP courses that the student was enrolled in and whether the student chose to attend the university beyond high school were collected. Chi‐square and the post hoc test, Cramer's V, were used to analyze the data, resulting in a significant association between CCP course modality and future university matriculation. CCP student proximity and familiarity with the university campus may influence the choice to remain at the same institution after high school graduation. These findings can be used to direct further CCP research with a wider scope.

Practical Takeaways

Students who complete College Credit Plus courses on the postsecondary campus, rather than at their high school or online, are more likely to matriculate to that same institution after high school graduation.

This may be a result of success on the university campus, interactions and relationships with faculty and staff, and peer relationships.

More research is needed on other factors influencing CCP student matriculation after high school, such as proximity to campus, GPA, student activities and involvement, number of credits completed, and successful courses.
Assessment of thyroid cartilage ossification pattern in cancer patients: A suggestion of active ossification by tumor progression
Authors: Sung You‐Na , Kim Yeseul , Cho Kyung‐Ja , Sim Jongmin
Published: June 2023

Background

Ossified cartilage is much more susceptible to cancer infiltration, but the reason remains unknown, and the relationship between the ossification pattern and cancer infiltration has not been studied.

Methods

The presence of thyroid cartilage ossification, cancer infiltration, ossification pattern (usual: direction from inferior to superior; unusual: other than the usual pattern), and distance between cancer and ossified cartilage were evaluated in laryngectomy specimens.

Results

There were 28 and 27 cases of usual and unusual patterns, respectively. There was no association between ossification pattern and cancer infiltration. However, the distance between the ossified area and cancer cells was greater in the usual pattern than in the unusual pattern (p = 0.006). And the usual pattern was more frequently observed in cases with a distance >1 mm than in cases with cancer infiltration or a distance ≤1 mm (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

These results suggest the possibility of an active ossification due to tumor progression.
Adherence to infection prevention and control measures and risk of exposure among health‐care workers: A cross‐sectional study from the early period of COVID‐19 pandemic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Weldetinsae Abel , Alemu Zinabu A. , Tefaye Kirubel , Gizaw Melaku , Alemahyehu Ermias , Tayachew Adamu , Derso Sisay , Abate Moa , Getachew Mesaye , Abera Daniel , Mebrhatu Arone , Kefale Higu , Habebe Shambel , Assefa Tsigereda , Mekonnen Aderajew , Tollera Getachew , Tessema Masresha
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are considered a high‐risk group for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) exposure, ascribed to the amount of time they spend in health‐care facilities (HCFs). This study aimed to assess HCWs' compliance with Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) procedures and the risk of exposure during the early period of the pandemic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2020. With a response rate of 79.2%, a standardized questionnaire was administered among 247 HCWs, working in eight HCFs. Descriptive and multivariate regression analysis was carried out in STATA version 16.

Results

About 22.5% (55) of the HCWs had proper adherence to IPC procedures. Of the total participants, 28.2% (69) had proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), 40% (98) had proper hand hygiene practices, and 33.1% (81) had frequently cleaned their working environment. HCWs who received training on IPC protocols were four times more likely to follow IPC standards than those with no training (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46, 10.58). Besides, HCWs working in treatment centers were four times more likely to follow IPC standards than those working in conventional hospitals (AOR = 3.61; 95% CI:1.63, 8.02). Nurses were four times more likely to have adherence to IPC measures than cleaners and runners (AOR = 4.37; 95% CI: 1.38–13.88).

Conclusion

The nature and magnitude of the pandemic did not introduce the required degree of adherence to IPC procedures, per se does not match the level of diligence needed to halt SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. Our finding suggested that providing periodic training of HCWs with particular emphasis on nonclinical staff is commendable. Furthermore, it is necessary to maintain resilent IPC in HCF through continous follow up and safety drills, to assess the readiness of HFCs' adherance to IPC measures under normal circumstances, which could improve prepardeness for an effective response during epidemics.
Assessing the effect of energy consumption and food production from agriculture on environmental degradation in Pakistan: Does institutional quality matter?
Authors: Ashraf Junaid , Javed Aiman , Bin Jawaid Zaid , Shovkat Shamuratov
Published: June 2023

The nexus between food production (FP), energy consumption (EC), institutional quality (IQ), and ecological degradation (ED) has important implications for environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, environmental degradation caused by FP is widely ignored, especially in Pakistan. To fill this void, we investigated the impact of energy use, FP, and IQ on Pakistan's environmental degradation between 1990 and 2021. We also explore the moderating influence of IQ on ED. To evaluate this influence, we use the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method for cointegration and the fully modified ordinary least-squares method for robustness estimation. Our empirical results demonstrate that, whereas FP and EC contribute to pollution, IQ reduces the pace of environmental degradation. Furthermore, the presence of a strong IQ mitigates the harmful ecological effects of FP and EC. Moreover, the results revealed that unbiased domestic IQ is crucial to boosting energy and agricultural efficiency while reducing CO2 emissions. Our findings might be considered while public policies to reduce carbon emissions and increase FP in a healthy environment are being developed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:518–532. © 2023 (SETAC)
Assessment of the clinical outcomes and complications of hysteroscopic and laparoscopic approaches in the treatment of symptomatic isthmocele: An observational study
Authors: Fatehnejad Mina , Hadizadeh Alireza , Tayebi Amirhossein , Ayati Aryan , Marjani Narjes , Gheshlaghi Parand , Asgari Zahra , Hosseini Reihaneh
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To investigate the outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic or hysteroscopic approaches for isthmoplasty.

Methods

A total of 99 isthmocele patients with an average age of 38.45 ± 4.72 years were included in the 2 years of this retrospective cohort study. Forty‐five underwent laparoscopic and 54 underwent hysteroscopic isthmocele excision and myometrial repair.

Results

Pain scores were significantly higher in the hysteroscopy group before the procedure, but there were no significant pain score differences after the surgery. In 1 year of follow up, dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia were higher among hysteroscopy patients. Furthermore, hysteroscopy significantly improved postmenstrual spotting after surgery better than laparoscopy, but in the follow up, there was no significant difference between the two groups in this regard (mean rank for hysteroscopy vs. laparoscopy: 32.30 vs. 37.48, U = 418, P = 0.29).

Conclusion

In patients with a history of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, lower gravidity, lower parity, and a lower number of cesarean sections, laparoscopic isthmoplasty is preferred over the hysteroscopic approach. Both methods have similar effects on midcycle vaginal bleeding, duration of postmenstrual spotting, and pain. However, a higher rate of dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea could be associated with hysteroscopy.
Development of robust perovskite single crystal radiation detectors with high spectral resolution through synergetic trap deactivation and self‐healing
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Song Yilong , Li Liqi , Tao Liting , Yan Minxing , Bi Weihui , Yang Xueying , Sun Yuan , Dong Qingfeng , Yang Deren , Fang Yanjun
Published: June 2023

Organic–inorganic halide perovskite single crystals (SCs) are promising materials for detecting ionizing radiation owing to their outstanding photoelectric conversion capability and inexpensive solution processability. However, the accuracy and stability of the detectors have been limited due to the charge traps and defects in SCs, especially when operated under high‐precision photon‐counting mode for energy spectrum acquisition. Here, we proposed a trap freezing deactivation route, which obviously suppressed dark current and noise by up to 97% and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, the bulk ion migration effect was essential for the ability to instantly self‐heal defects induced by radiation damage at temperatures down to −30°C. Consequently, the detector exhibits a record high energy resolution of 7.5% at 59.5 keV for 241Am γ‐ray source, which is the best solution‐processed semiconductor radiation detectors at the same energy range. In addition, the detector maintains over 90% of its initial performance after 9 months of storage when tested in the air. Our results will represent a revision of the paradigm that high‐spectral‐resolution and robust radiation detectors can only be realized with high temperature grown inorganic semiconductor single crystals.

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Injectable and self‐healing dual crosslinked gelatin/kappa‐carrageenan methacryloyl hybrid hydrogels via host‐guest supramolecular interaction for wound healing
Authors: Yilmaz‐Aykut Dilara , Torkay Gulsah , Kasgoz Alper , Shin Su Ryon , Bal‐Ozturk Ayca , Deligoz Huseyin
Published: June 2023

Injectable hydrogels based on natural polymers have shown great potential for various tissue engineering applications, such as wound healing. However, poor mechanical properties and weak self‐healing ability are still major challenges. In this work, we introduce a host‐guest (HG) supramolecular interaction between acrylate‐β‐cyclodextrin (Ac‐β‐CD) conjugated on methacrylated kappa‐carrageenan (MA‐κ‐CA) and aromatic residues on gelatin to provide self‐healing characteristics. We synthesize an MA‐κ‐CA to conjugate Ac‐β‐CD and fabricate dual crosslinked hybrid hydrogels with gelatin to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM). The dual crosslinking occurs on the MA‐κ‐CA backbone through the addition of KCl and photocrosslinking process, which enhances mechanical strength and stability. The hybrid hydrogels exhibit shear‐thinning, self‐healing, and injectable behavior, which apply easily under a minimally invasive manner and contribute to shear stress during the injection. In‐vitro studies indicate enhanced cell viability. Furthermore, scratch assays are performed to examine cell migration and cell–cell interaction. It is envisioned that the combination of self‐healing and injectable dual crosslinked hybrid hydrogels with HG interactions display a promising and functional biomaterial platform for wound healing applications.
Interactions Between HR‐pQCT Bone Density and D3Cr Muscle Mass (or HR‐pQCT Bone Structure and HR‐pQCT Muscle Density) in Predicting Fractures: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study
Authors: Kirk Ben , Harrison Stephanie L , Zanker Jesse , Burghardt Andrew J , Orwoll Eric , Duque Gustavo , Cawthon Peggy M
Published: June 2023

We examined if an interaction exists between bone and muscle in predicting fractures in older men. Prospective data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study was used to build Cox proportional hazards models. Predictors included HR‐pQCT total volumetric BMD (Tt.BMD), trabecular BMD (Tb.BMD), cortical BMD (Ct.BMD) and cortical area (Ct.Ar) at distal radius/tibia, HR‐pQCT muscle volume and density (diaphyseal tibia), D3‐creatine dilution (D3Cr) muscle mass, and grip strength and leg force, analyzed as continuous variables and as quartiles. Incident fractures were self‐reported every 4 months via questionnaires and centrally adjudicated by physician review of radiology reports. Potential confounders (demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, etc.) were considered. A total of 1353 men (mean age 84.2 ± 4.0 years, 92.7% white) were followed for 6.03 ± 2.11 years. In the unadjusted (continuous) model, there were no interactions (p > 0.05) between any muscle variable (D3Cr muscle mass, muscle volume, muscle density, grip strength or leg force) and Tt.BMD at distal radius/tibia for fractures (all: n = 182–302; nonvertebral: n = 149–254; vertebral: n = 27–45). No consistent interactions were observed when interchanging Tt.BMD for Tb.BMD/Ct.BMD or for Ct.Ar (bone structure) at the distal radius/tibia in the unadjusted (continuous) models. Compared with men in quartiles (Q) 2–4 of D3Cr muscle mass and Q2–4 of distal tibia Tt.BMD, men in Q1 of both had increased risk for all fractures (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–3.23, p = 0.005) and nonvertebral fractures (HR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.25–3.52, p < 0.001) in the multivariable‐adjusted model. Confidence intervals overlapped (p > 0.05) when visually inspecting other quartile groups in the multivariable‐adjusted model. In this prospective cohort study of older men, there was no consistent interactions between bone and muscle variables on fracture risk. Larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up may be needed to clarify if there is an interaction between bone and muscle on fracture risk in men. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Ferulic acid exerts a protective effect against cyclosporine‐induced liver injury in rats via activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling, suppression of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and halting the apoptotic cell death
Authors: Nouri Ali , Ghatreh‐Samani Keihan , Amini‐Khoei Hossein , Najafi Mohammad , Heidarian Esfandiar
Published: June 2023

Drug‐induced liver injury is one of the main challenges that leads to the withdrawal of several drugs in the clinical setting. Cyclosporine is one of the drugs that its long‐term administration exerts devastating effects on the hepatocytes. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of ferulic acid, a natural compound found in plants, on cyclosporine‐mediated hepatotoxicity. Forty‐eight male Wistar rats were treated with cyclosporine and/or ferulic acid to evaluate the function as well as the morphology of liver cells. We found that ferulic acid dose‐dependently recovered the functional as well as histopathological parameters of liver cells, as revealed by the improvement of hepatocellular vacuolation, portal fibroplasia, and necrosis. Moreover, this phenolic compound was able to restore the balance of the redox system in cyclosporine‐treated rats by activating the nuclear factor (NF) erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) signaling axis. Of note, the protective effects of ferulic acid against cyclosporine‐mediated liver toxicity were not restricted only to induction of the potential antioxidant property, as in the presence of this agent, the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as NF‐κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interleukin‐1β was also diminished. Ferulic acid also shifted the equilibrium between the expression levels of proapoptotic to antiapoptotic proteins and thereby prevented the development of cyclosporine‐induced liver injury. Overall, these findings highlighted that ferulic acid can reduce cyclosporine‐induced liver injury due to its antioxidant properties.
Generation of Vgll4‐DreER transgenic mouse for visualizing and manipulating VGLL4‐expressing cells in vivo
Authors: Zhong Yazhu , Tan Xixi , Wang Xiaodong , Jiang Jun , Song Kai , Chen Haiyuan , Zhang Hao , Wang Zuoyun , Zhang Lei , Guo Chunming , Liang Hongfeng , Yu Wei
Published: June 2023

Vestigial like family member 4 (VGLL4), a member of the Hippo pathway, is a transcriptional cofactor involved in many biological processes, such as tumor progression, postnatal heart growth, and muscle regeneration. However, the VGLL4 expression pattern in vivo remains unclear. To detect and trace Vgll4‐expressing cells and their progeny, we generated and characterized a new tamoxifen‐inducible Dre knock‐in mouse line, Vgll4‐DreER. This mouse line expressed DreER (Dre recombinase fused to the estrogen receptor) under the control of the endogenous Vgll4 promoter. After crossing the Vgll4‐DreER mouse line with the Dre‐responsive reporter H11‐rRFP, Dre‐mediated recombination in the tissue was monitored on the basis of red fluorescent protein (RFP) signals, which indicated the distribution of VGLL4‐positive cells in vivo. Our data revealed that VGLL4 is widely expressed in various cell types at embryonic and neonatal stages. After comparison with our previously reported Vgll4‐GFP mouse, we found that the RFP signal profile was wider than the green fluorescent protein (GFP) pattern, indicating that Vgll4‐DreER is more sensitive for labeling VGLL4‐expressing cells. We next used a dual‐recombination system to simultaneously label VGLL4‐ and keratin 5 (KRT5)‐positive cell populations, and no crosstalk was observed in the Krt5‐CreER;Vgll4‐DreER;R26‐rGlR mice. Taken together, the Vgll4‐DreER mouse line is a valuable new tool for examining the precise VGLL4 expression profile and conditional manipulating of VGLL4‐expressing cells and their progeny.
Consumers prefer natural medicines more when treating psychological than physical conditions
Authors: Li Tianyi , Gal David
Published: June 2023

Consumers generally prefer natural to synthetic drugs, a phenomenon known as the “natural preference.” Through six experiments and one archival study, the current research shows that while consumers have a general preference for natural drugs over synthetic drugs, this preference is stronger when the goal is to treat psychological rather than physical conditions. Process evidence indicates an important mechanism that explains the amplified natural preference for treating psychological conditions: Consumers are more concerned about their true selves being altered when treating psychological conditions, and they perceive natural drugs to be less likely than synthetic drugs to affect their true selves. The current research provides novel insights into the natural preference. It also offers policy and managerial implications for marketing natural remedies and pharmacological treatments for mental health conditions.
Experimental analysis of canine behavior and cognition: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Hall Nathaniel J. , Lazarowski Lucia , Edwards Timothy L.
Published: June 2023

Over the last 3 decades, the use and popularity of canid models for basic and applied behavioral research has grown dramatically, and for good reasons. Dogs are uniquely among the human world, living and working in our homes and places of employment while an even greater population lives on the outskirts of human life, scavenging and navigating the city life. This provides a rich continuum of environmental contexts for the canine experience, leading to some unique and even human‐like behaviors in animals. The articles in this special issue provide additional insight into factors that influence canine welfare, methods for evaluating dogs' preferences and the reinforcing effectiveness of stimuli, trick learning and retention, concept learning, and scent detection performance under sparse reinforcement conditions. Here we provide an overview of these articles and their contribution to our understanding of canine behavior.
Evidence of clinical efficacy of a first generation CD19 CAR T cell in B cell malignancies
Authors: Shohdy Kyrillus S. , Pillai Manon , Guest Ryan , Rothwell Dominic , Kirillova Natalia , Chow Shien , Gilham David , Thistlethwaite Fiona , Hawkins Robert
Published: June 2023

The persistence and reactivity of CAR T cells were enhanced by adding co‐stimulatory domains, which is the basis of currently approved CAR‐T cell therapies. However, this comes at the expense of increasing toxicities from the strong cytokine release effect. This is the first report from anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy with a single activation domain to show a favourable safety profile and clinical efficacy with two patients who achieved durable responses up to 28 months in a cohort with heavily pretreated B cell malignancies.
Cerebral localization of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and improvement with high‐dose cytarabine: A case report
Authors: Haméon Clémence , Machet Antoine , Drieu La Rochelle Laurianne , Vallet Nicolas , Lejeune Julien , Ravalet Noémie , Cottier Jean‐Philippe , Hérault Olivier , Gyan Emmanuel
Published: June 2023

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the infiltration of blood and bone marrow by immature monocytes, in which extra‐hematopoietic localization is uncommon. We report the case of a 69‐year‐old‐man with highly likely ectopic brain CMML involvement by MRI. Without the possibility of cerebral biopsy and with a negative infectious disease assessment, high‐dose cytarabine‐based chemotherapy was successfully administered. The favorable evolution in this case highlights the potential benefit of such treatment, even without a cerebral biopsy to confirm the disease. This case can aid clinical decision‐making in the future.
Assessment of body composition in pediatric intestinal failure: A comparison study
Authors: Yanchis Dianna , So Stephanie , Patterson Catherine , Belza Christina , Garofalo Elizabeth , Wong‐Sterling Sylvia , Silva Carina , Avitzur Yaron , Wales Paul W. , Hulst Jessie M. , Kong Dehan , Xuyx Libai , Courtney‐Martin Glenda
Published: June 2023

Background

The objective of the study was to compare bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skinfolds with dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the assessment of body composition of children with intestinal failure. DXA is the reference method for body composition assessment in clinical settings.

Methods

Children aged 1–18 years with intestinal failure whohave DXA as part of routine clinical monitoring were eligible. BIA measured total body water on the same day as DXA. Skinfold measurements were taken at four sites: triceps, biceps, subscapular, and suprailiac. Percentage of fat mass (%FM) and fat‐free mass (%FFM) were derived from resistance and reactance measured by BIA by using age‐specific equations. Percentage of FM was calculated from skinfold measures by using age‐specific equations. Data on patient characteristics, intestinal failure–related factors, and feeding method were collected. Paired t test examined differences in %FM and %FFM and Bland‐Altman analysis determined the agreement between BIA, skinfolds, and DXA. Marginal linear model assessed the effect of age, sex, and feeding method on the difference in body composition obtained between DXA and BIA and between DXA and skinfolds.

Results

Sixty‐eight children with intestinal failure, mean age 8.9 ± 4.2 years, were studied. There was no difference between %FFM and %FM obtained by DXA and BIA (P = 0.26), with a mean bias (95% CI) of −0.69 (−1.9 to 0.5) for %FFM. Sex and age were individually and jointly associated with the bias observed between DXA and BIA (P < 0.05). Skinfold and DXA measurements were significantly different (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

BIA is an acceptable clinical tool for assessing body composition in pediatric intestinal failure.
The combination of high‐throughput sequencing and LC–MS/MS reveals the mechanism of Staphylococcus inoculation on bacterial community succession and taste development during the processing of dry‐cured bacon
Authors: Wu Xueyi , Pan Daodong , Xia Qiang , Sun Yangying , Geng Fang , Cao Jinxuan , Zhou Changyu
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

To understand the mechanism of co‐inoculation of Staphylococcus vitulinus and Staphylococcus xylosus (SX&SV) on taste quality of dry‐cured bacon, physicochemical parameters, microbial community, metabolite compositions and taste attributes were investigated during the processing of dry‐cured bacon with Staphylococcus inoculation. The potential correlation between core bacteria and metabolites was evaluated, and the metabolic pathway of key metabolites was further explored.

RESULTS

The values of pH, water activity and adhesiveness were significantly lower in SX&SV, and more than 2.56‐ and 2.15‐fold higher values in richness and overall acceptance were found in SX&SV bacon than in CK bacon. The overwhelming advantage of Staphylococcus was confirmed in SX&SV by high‐throughput sequencing. Sixty‐six metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and oligopeptides, amino acid derivatives and organic acids were the key components. Pearson correlation demonstrated that the accumulation of oligopeptides, amino acid derivatives and organic acids were positively correlated with high abundance of Staphylococcus. The pathways of purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism and glutamate metabolism were mainly involved in developing the taste quality of SX&SV.

CONCLUSION

The co‐inoculation of Staphylococcus vitulinus and Staphylococcus xylosus enhanced the taste attributes of dry‐cured bacon. The present study provides the theoretical reference with respect to regulating the taste quality of fermented meat products by starter cultures of Staphylococcus during manufacture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of regulated deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on quality parameters of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]
Authors: Barreales David , Fernandes Ângela , Barros Lillian , Capitão Susana , Castro Ribeiro António
Published: June 2023

Background

Water stress during the growing season of the almond tree is the factor that most limits its yield. Different strategies have been studied in recent years to reduce its negative effects, such as deficit irrigation and the application of reflective spray compounds. A 3‐year experiment (2019–2021) was set in a factorial design in which the effect of regulated deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin spray was evaluated on morphological characteristics (weight, length, width, and thickness of the nut and kernel, shell thickness, kernel yield, double kernels, and damaged kernels), color properties, nutritional value (carbohydrates, fat, proteins and ash) and chemical parameters (free sugars and fatty acids profiles).

Results

In general, the significant differences between the treatments did not have a similar trend in the 3 years of the study. Regulated deficit irrigation and kaolin had no detrimental impact on almond morphological and color characteristics. The almond free sugars concentration was relatively stable under deficit irrigation and kaolin application. On the other hand, kaolin application positively affected the synthesis of linoleic acid.

Conclusion

Reducing the amount of irrigation water applied to almonds contributes to the sustainability of production without negatively affecting quality and even improving some quality parameters. In general, the foliar application of kaolin did not show significant differences in the evaluated morphological parameters. However, in terms of chemical composition, kaolin led to an increase in the concentration of linoleic acid and sucrose. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Insights into the metabolite profiles of Rubus chingii Hu at different developmental stages of fruit
Authors: Hua Yu‐Jiao , Xie Fen , Mao Kun‐jun , Luo Yi‐Yuan , Ding Yong‐Juan
Published: June 2023

The fruits of Rubus chingii Hu have high medicinal and nutritional values. However, the metabolite profiles of R. chingii, especially the alterations during different development stages of fruit, have not been comprehensively analyzed, hindering the effective utilization of the unique species. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the metabolites of R. chingii fruit at four developmental stages using systematic untargeted and targeted liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis and identified 682 metabolites. Significant changes were observed in metabolite accumulation and composition in fruits during the different developmental stages. The contents of the index components, kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside and ellagic acid, were the highest in immature fruit. The analysis identified 64 differentially expressed flavonoids and 39 differentially expressed phenolic acids; the accumulation of most of these differentially expressed metabolites decreased with the developmental stages of fruit from immaturity to maturity. These results confirmed that the developmental stages of fruit are a critical factor in determining its secondary metabolite compositions. This study elucidated the metabolic profile of R. chingii fruit at different stages of development to understand the dynamic changes in metabolites.
Efficacy of baricitinib 4 mg in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis previously treated with systemic therapy
Authors: Costanzo Antonio , Tanaka Akio , Torres Tiago , Pérez‐García Bibiana , Sontag Angelina , Chen Yun‐Fei , Yang Fan Emily , Kolodsick Jill , Torisu‐Itakura Hitoe , Somani Najwa
Published: June 2023

Background

The Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor baricitinib in combination with topical corticosteroids (TCS) improved moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in the phase 3 BREEZE‐AD7 trial. Patients with previous systemic therapy may have more severe, treatment‐resistant disease.

Objectives

To assess the efficacy of baricitinib 4 mg in adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD with and without previous use of systemic therapy.

Methods

Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to TCS plus once‐daily oral placebo, 2 mg baricitinib or 4 mg baricitinib for 16 weeks. Outcomes were assessed in patients treated with baricitinib 4 mg with and without previous use of systemic therapy (N = 68, N = 43) versus placebo (N = 75, N = 34). Prior use of systemic therapy was defined as treatment of AD with oral corticosteroids, immunosuppressants or biologics. Endpoints included the proportions of patients achieving a vIGA‐AD® score 0 or 1 with >2‐point improvement from baseline, 75% improvement in the Eczema area and severity index score (EASI75), ≥4‐point improvement on the Itch numeric rating scale (NRS) and ≥4‐point improvement in the dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Logistic regression was used to evaluate consistent treatment effects across subgroups.

Results

At Week 16, among patients with and without previous use of systemics treated with baricitinib 4 mg versus placebo, respectively, vIGA‐AD score (0, 1) was achieved in 27.9% and 34.9% versus 13.3% and 17.6%, EASI75 was met in 47.1% and 48.8% versus 22.7% and 23.5%, Itch NRS ≥ 4‐point improvement was observed in 44.4% and 43.2% versus 14.1% and 33.3% and DLQI ≥ 4‐point improvement was seen in 75.8% and 69.2% versus 52.1% and 54.8%. Consistent treatment effects were observed between patients with or without prior use of systemics (treatment‐by‐subgroup interactions p = 0.085 for Itch NRS, p > 0.1 for all others).

Conclusions

Baricitinib 4 mg significantly reduced disease severity in AD compared to placebo regardless of prior systemic therapy.
Temporal Expression of Hox Genes and Phox2b in the Rat Nucleus Ambiguus During Development: Implications on Laryngeal Innervation
Authors: Honzel Emily , Hernandez‐Morato Ignacio , Joshi Abhinav , Pennington‐Fitzgerald William , Moayedi Yalda , Pitman Michael J.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury results in synkinetic reinnervation and vocal fold paralysis. Investigation of cues expressed in the developing brainstem that influence correct selective targeting of intrinsic laryngeal muscles may elucidate post‐injury abnormalities contributing to non‐functional reinnervation. Primary targets of interest were Hoxb1 and Hoxb2, members of the Hox family that create overlapping gradients in the developing brain, and their target Phox2b, a transcription factor necessary for cranial nerve branchio‐ and visceromotoneuron survival.

Methods

Rat embryos at developmental days E14, E16, E18, and E20 (4 animals/age) were sectioned for RNA in situ hybridization to detect Hoxb1, Hoxb2, and Phox2b mRNA within the brainstem. Slides were costained with Islet1 antibody for identification of the nucleus ambiguus. Results were confirmed using immunohistochemistry. Sections were imaged on a confocal microscope. RNA and protein expressions were quantified using QuPath. Statistical analyses were performed using R.

Results

Hoxb1, Hoxb2, and Phox2b expressions varied according to embryologic age. Hoxb1 and Hoxb2 expression peaked at E16, with significant decreases at E18 and E20 (one‐way ANOVA p = 0.001 for both). Phox2b expression was highest at E14 and trended downward with increased embryologic age (one‐way ANOVA p = 0.005).

Conclusion

Peak expression of Hoxb1 and Hoxb2 is observed at time points when the RLN arrives at the larynx and begins to branch toward individual muscles, positioning these gene products to be involved in cueing laryngeal motoneuron identity and target identification. Higher expression of Phox2b earlier in development suggests a role in laryngeal motoneuron formation.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:3462–3471, 2023
Cow manure compost‐based products as alternative rhizobial carrier materials
Authors: Li Yantao , Shabir Rahat , Rashti Mehran Rezaei , Megharaj Mallavarapu , Chen Chengrong
Published: June 2023

Cow manure compost (CMC) has been used widely as soil amendment to improve soil fertility and health, and to minimize environmental impacts. However, direct use of commercial CMC‐based products as alternative rhizobial carrier materials is rare, it could promote inoculant commercialization. This research aimed to explore the potential of four CMC‐based products (CMC powder, CMC granular, CMC + 50% gypsum, and CMC + 30% biochar) as a rhizobial carrier. Peat was used as a standard (control) material. All the carriers were directly mixed with Bradyrhizobium japonicum CB 1809 strain to prepare four CMC‐based inoculants. Shelf life of inoculants was evaluated up to 120 days of storage and survival rate in soil was determined after 30 days under both optimum moisture (55% WHC—water‐holding capacity) and drought stress (15% WHC) conditions. Results revealed that overall, CMC + 50% gypsum product showed better physicochemical characteristics such as WHC (126.9 ± 6.87%), Ca (134.15 ± 5.78 mg kg−1), and S (104.9 ± 6.52 mg kg−1) with the best shelf life during storage at 28°C and 35°C temperatures. The difference in shelf life between the CMC + 50% gypsum and other CMC‐based products became more apparent at higher temperature (35°C) and longer‐term storage (120 days). Additionally, when introduced into the soil, the CMC + 50% gypsum carrier outperformed the peat (control), showing the best strain survival rate of 95% (under optimum moisture) and 87% (under drought) after 30 days of storage. The strain population of CMC + 30% biochar as carrier was the lowest with values 8.66 Log 10 CFU g−1 and 7.52 Log 10 CFU g−1 in the shelf‐life test at both storage temperatures 28°C and 35°C, respectively, likely due to its alkaline pH. Multivariate analysis revealed that the carriers' WHC, Ca (involved in nodule formation and stability), and S (essential for nodule metabolism and nitrogenase activity) contents had a strong positive correlation with the long‐term shelf life and the survival rate in soil, confirming the importance of carrier materials' moisture retention and availability of specific elements (Ca, S). Hence, CMC + 50% gypsum showed the highest values of WHC, Ca and S, and optimum pH, reflecting its highest rhizobial population density and survival rate as compared to other carriers. This work has demonstrated the great potential of CMC‐based commercial products as alternative carrier materials, opening an alternative avenue for rapid commercial development of inoculants.
Laryngeal cancer treatment decision making: A conjoint analysis of general public attitudes and priorities
Authors: Upton Montana , Reddy Neha , Aker Mamdouh , James Kevin , Wang Marilene , Mendelsohn Abie H.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Patients with advanced laryngeal cancer are typically presented with divergent treatment options, namely chemoradiation versus total laryngectomy. This study aims to understand general perspectives of the factors involved in this decision‐making process.

Methods

Surveys were constructed using specialized conjoint analysis software. Seven attributes integral to the decision‐making process for advanced laryngeal cancer treatment were included.

Results

Three hundred one healthy adult volunteers completed the decision‐making program. The relative impact of each treatment attribute on decision making across all participants was scored with an average importance score (standard deviation) as follows: Lifespan 22.2% (±8.5), Voicing 21.4% (±5.9), Swallowing 19.1% (±7.3), Cancer Cure 14.9% (±6.2), Mode of Breathing 11.0% (±3.7), Self‐Image 6.7% (±2.9), and Treatment Type 4.8% (±3.0).

Conclusions

General public opinion ranked lifespan, voicing, and swallowing aspects as similarly important, and all were ranked more important than probability of cure. These data demonstrate a variety of priorities among participants and the need for tailored discussions when determining treatment choice for advanced laryngeal cancer.

Level of Evidence

Level 4.