bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elastic-plastic load-carrying capacity of steel members
Authors: Juhas Pavol
Published: January 2018

The load-carrying capacity of steel structures and members subjected mostly to bending depends in large measure on local stability of their compressed flanges and bending webs in decided cross-sections and areas. Depending on local stability, the elastic or plastic, eventually the elastic-plastic analysis and design can be applied. The actual standards for design of steel structures contain relatively detailed rules for elastic analysis by the elastic theory and for plastic analysis by the plastic theory. The elastic-plastic analysis and design of steel members are meanwhile still problematic from theory, standard and application point of view. The real elastic-plastic behavior of the steel members is complicated strength and stability problem. Therefore, the representative experimental knowledge and results about the real elastic-plastic behavior and mechanisms of failure of the steel members have been very important from the scientific and applied aspects. The author of paper realized in previous time the wide experimental research within the range of this intention. The paper contains selected knowledge and results of the previous experimental-theoretical investigation of the elastic-plastic local stability of the steel members subjected mostly to bending. The adequate slenderness – strain relation and methodology for practical calculation of the elastic-plastic bending load-carrying capacity of the steel cross-sections and members are presented in the paper.
Evaluation of the carrying capacity of the building structures in the industrial heritage for its adaptation
Authors: Kudrjavtsev Sergej
Published: January 2018

The article presents the results of verification calculations of carrying capacity of building structures of “White Tower”. This former water tower is a constructivist monument of state-wide significance and one of the oldest reinforced concrete structures in Yekaterinburg. Currently the design of adaptation of the object as a museum or an exhibition hall is being developed. The purpose of the study is to answer the question: Will the structures of the 1930s withstand the loads regulated by modern building codes? The results of carried out field inspections and a finite-element model of the LIRA-SAPR software are also described. The data of the weakest sections and elements of the structure are presented. The result of the work will allow carrying out a complex of efforts for the restoration of building structures of the object and will help in deciding whether to develop one or another alternative for its adaptation.
Monitoring of underground subsurface structures in Ekaterinburg
Authors: Galieva Anna B. , Alekhin Vladimir N. , Pastukhova Liliya G.
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the issues of technical state of subsurface structures in operation and the erection of buildings under available development. It is stated that detailed monitoring of technical state of underground tunnels is essential, since the structure is unique and technologically complex. The aspects of geotechnical monitoring of underground tunnels are considered. The principles of geodesic monitoring of underground rings, tension increase in tube lining and pressure from the building under construction on the ground are described. Recommendations for underground tunnel monitoring are presented.
Influence of the frontal joint of the bitumen sheet on the final strength of the joint
Authors: Plachý Jan , Vysoká Jana , Vejmelka Radek
Published: January 2018

This article focuses on the frequently discussed topic how to make the frontal joints of bitumen sheets with coarse-grained surface coating. Bitumen sheets have a spill in the place of these joints. Insufficient strength of the frontal joint is one of the possible faults in waterproofing using bitumen sheets. The paper compares different ways of performing these joints in terms of force stress based on surface treatment. Surface treatment is possible by immersing the sprinkle, scraping it into the bitumen sheet mass, or simply heating the surface and leaving it unpainted.
Deep excavation in urban areas – defects of surrounding buildings at various stages of construction
Authors: Rybak Jarosław , Ivannikov Alexander , Kulikova Elena , Żyrek Tomasz
Published: January 2018

Deep excavation and tunnelling works in city centres always bring some risks to surrounding structures, especially in the case of old town centres, where the technical condition and structural stiffness of historical buildings is rather doubtful. When the new desired excavation depth goes deeper than the foundation of the surrounding buildings or when tunnelling works are conducted directly under them, the existing objects are subject to stress, vibrations and displacements imposed at almost every stage of building the new construction. The presented paper outlines, on the basis of the authors’ experience, the typical damages appearing during the supporting wall construction (sheet pile driving, piling and formation of diaphragm walls) and tunnelling works. Other damages appear due to soil mass unloading (caused by excavation stages) and horizontal loading during pre-stressing of struts or ground anchors. The selected case studies of steel sheet pile wall installation is given with regard to typical failures caused by an unplanned excavation and its impact on neighbouring structures.
Insufficient dimensional stability of bitumen sheets as a source of flat roof defects
Authors: Plachý Jan , Vysoká Jana , Vejmelka Radek
Published: January 2018

One of the frequent sources of flat roof faults is failure of the top layer of a multilayer bitumen sheet system in cross-connections. One of the possible causes of this disorder is failure to observe technological discipline. The paper deals with how the full melting of the bitumen sheet influences its possible shrinkage during the roof exposure. Bitumen sheets with a polyester carrier which is not reinforced with fiberglass fibers are burdened with shrinkage effect. The preload is introduced into these belts during production. The aim is to show how is the effect on loosening the preload in the carrier layer with full-scale smelting during the realization of the waterproofing layer. The preload loosening experiment, expressed by the dimensional stability test according to ČSN EN 1107, was performed in a laboratory on two bitumen sheets.
Performance of selected polyurethane joint sealants in concrete structures
Authors: Nečasová Barbora , Liška Pavel , Šlanhof Jiří
Published: January 2018

Often underestimated and neglected, joint sealants in concrete structures play an important role in protecting the structure against its premature deterioration. The focus of the presented paper lays upon the issue of sealing of joints in concrete structures. Concrete is one of the most difficult materials to seal since there are always small particles of dust and the material itself. In this paper, the joint will be viewed as traditional expansion joint. Two representatives of flexible one component polyurethane sealants were selected. The main reason for this selection was that conventional repair materials are usually very rigid and easily incline towards the formation of cracks and gaps. The aim of this paper is not only to verify the suitability of selected materials but also to demonstrate that polyurethane sealants might be a better and long-lasting solution for filling of joints and patching of cracks within concrete structures.
Analysis of interaction of the soil temperature field and structures at the level of the basement of the building
Authors: Kacálek Petr , Petříček Tomáš
Published: January 2018

The article describes an analysis of the effect of soil type on temperature field distribution at the level of family house basement. Regarding engineering calculations (heat loss calculation, designing and evaluating constructions), a simple and generally accepted method to determine the course of temperature field adjacent to basement walls is missing. The methods specified in European standards are, in terms of calculation of heat flows in soil, problematic. There is currently an insufficient number of measured values, which could be integrated in a simple calculation method. A certain option concerns continual measuring of temperatures in soil for buildings in situ. The article uses the measurements of soil temperatures in winter in pre-determined depths at the building parts in contact with soil. The measured data from a two-year period were integrated in the model on the basis of statistical evaluation. The main aim of the article is to generate an impulse to create unified outcomes of temperatures of certain soils for pre-selected depths, building structures, and parameters of indoor and outdoor environment.
Building objectives and incorrect use of regulatory standards
Authors: Sůra Miroslav
Published: January 2018

European and other regulatory standards affect, besides everyday life, also planning, designing, and other building processes. Regulations alter, sometimes threaten, or even completely prevent, the achievement of the intended objectives of investors and other participants in building processes. Implementation of regulative standards may result in problems that cause various defects to planning-design-construction objectives. Such regulatory issues are known to have already caused ethical, social and financial burdens in other areas of human activity. In planning and construction processes, various participants may be the source of misuse problems – unintentionally or otherwise. A model of categories of problems is presented (and has been tested) – of misuse problems that result from potential conflicts between (EU) regulatory standards and objectives of participants in building processes. The categories have been compiled and compared also according to sources and actors of the problems. Protective strategies against incorrect application and/or misuse of regulations are in the process of formulation and verification, taking into account sources and actors in the problem categories. Finally, it helps and protects participants – especially as regards matters of technology, design phase, public attitudes, and money.
The temperature distribution during the microwave drying of wooden elements for structural defects in buildings
Authors: Sobotka Jindřich , Smolka Radim
Published: January 2018

This paper deals with the theory and application of microwave radiation and experimental optimization of microwave radiation for the distribution of temperature field in the irradiated wooden elements. The article describes the experimental work performed at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, in close cooperation with the company S. P. UNI, s.r.o.. Analysis of the research results was to determine the optimal intensity of microwave emitters and the necessary length of exposure to moist building materials microwave radiation with respect to a particular type of a wooden element. A part of the research was divided into several separate experiments. In each experiment the heating under various conditions was carried out on: I.- samples of the same size, but different weight moisture content, irradiated in the same time periods, II.- samples of the same size, same weight moisture content, irradiated for different time periods.
Source data for modeling of thermal engineering calculations
Authors: Charvátová Pavlína , Šubrt Roman
Published: January 2018

Increasing demands on thermal insulation. Their more accurate assessment by computers lead to increasingly bigger differences between computational models and reality. The result is an increasingly problematic optimization of building design. One of the key initial parameters is climatological data.
Compressive Strength of Fly ash-based Geopolymer Concrete with a Variable of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Solution Molarity
Authors: Herwani  , Pane Ivindra , Imran Iswandi , Budiono Bambang
Published: January 2018

Geopolymer concrete is a new material made by activating the raw materials which contain many elements of silica and alumina. Compressive strength of geopolymer concrete produced was influenced by the concentration of the activator solution. This paper presents an experimental investigation into fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Research objective was to investigate the effects of alkaline activator solution (AAS) molarity on compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. Variable of the test were a solution to sodium hydroxide was chosen as the activator solution. Concentration of sodium hydroxide solution used was 10 M, 12 M and 14 M with ambient curing. The specimen is made of concrete cylinder with diameter 10 cm and height 20 cm as many as 9 pieces each variable. Compressive strength tests is performed when the concrete is 7, 14, and 28 days old. Results of the test are indicated that the increasing of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution concentration leads to improve the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. The optimal compressive strength of geopolymer concrete was achieved at a concentration of sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) of 12 M. Geopolymer concretes compressive strength only achieves around 50-60% of the planned.
The use of hazardous sludge solidification and green-lipped mussel shells in cementitious material: a case study of ngcc power plant of priok
Authors: Halim Samuel Dwima , Rainer Edbert , Ryantonius Chris , Panandito Bagas , Wardoyo Doni , Fahlevy Mhd Reza , Darma Ivan Sandi
Published: January 2018

This paper aims to introduce the utilization of hazardous sludge with green-lipped mussel shells as concrete mixture components. The hazardous sludge is a side product of wastewater treatment plant operated in NGCC Priok, while green-lipped mussel shells are side product of community activity in Kalibaru, North Jakarta, Indonesia. Utilization is dedicated to preserve the environment, reducing both hazardous sludge generations from wastewater treatment plant and potential waste from social activities in the coastal area. Three different groups of concretes were prepared. The first group contains normal concretes with W/C ratio of 0.5. Subsequently, the second group contains concretes with dry sludge and mussel as a replacement of fine aggregate at different contents, 5% (C1), 10% (C2), and 15% (C3), with W/C ratio of 0.5. Finally, the last group contains concretes with dry sludge as cement replacement and the green-lipped mussel as fine aggregate replacement at different contents of 5% (C4), 10% (C5), and 15% (C6). The results show that dry sludge and green-lipped mussel provide better results when used as a substitute for fine aggregate rather than as cement replacement. In addition, the rate of strength development of concretes containing waste additions are slow compared to normal concretes.
The analysis of overloaded trucks in indonesia based on weigh in motion data (east of sumatera national road case study)
Authors: Jihanny Jongga , Subagio Bambang Sugeng , Hariyadi Eri Susanto
Published: January 2018

Overloaded trucks phenomena generally common in developing countries where the traffic control is poor. In Indonesia, the percentage of overloaded trucks can reach more than 60% in the total number of trucks and may be one of the substantial factors that reduce the service life of the road pavements. This paper presents the analysis results of the weigh in motion survey data at East of Sumatera National Road (Jalintim) in Indonesia and the impact of overloaded trucks on the pavement. For the analysis the simplified approach was used, the axle loads were converted into representative single-axle loads based on 4th power formula by AASHTO 1993 equation. The vehicle damage factor of vehicles is presented and will be compared with the Highways National Standard to estimate the remaining service life of pavement and IRI value prediction. The analysis showed that the vehicle damage factor that determined from weigh in motion data is extremely greater than vehicle damage factor of the national standard in Indonesia which may lead to accelerated deterioration, reducing the service life of the pavement structures and significantly influence the IRI value.
Model of Ciliwung River Flood Diversion Tunnel Using HEC-RAS Software
Authors: Nugroho Joko , Soekarno Indratmo , Harlan Dhemi
Published: January 2018

As a coastal city which lies in lowland area, Jakarta is prone to flooding. One major river which flow through Jakarta is Ciliwung River. There are alternatives to reduce flood risk, such as: river capacity improvement, existing natural reservoir and polder system improvement, upstream reservoir construction, city drainage improvement, flood channel construction and flood diversion. This paper presents capacity analysis of a proposed flood diversion of Ciliwung River to Cipinang River. Cipinang River has its downstream end at Eastern Flood Canal (Kanal Banjir Timur, KBT). This diversion is based on the available capacity of KBT. A 1-D numerical hydraulic model using HEC-RAS based on a proposed design is used to assess the performance of the diversion system in any combination of upstream and downstream boundary condition. Simulations were done for steady condition. The results show that capacity of the system can be achieved for certain condition at upstream and downstream boundary. The effects at the downstream reach of Ciliwung and Cipinang River due to the diversion are also obtained.
Erosion index formulation with respect to reservoir life in the upper Citarum watershed
Authors: Bakhtiar
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to formulate erosion index in the upper Citarum watershed with respect to the Saguling reservoir life. Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was incorporated to simulate hydrological processes in the catchment. From the calibration and validation results, the model is considerably of good performance. The simulated sediment inflow at Nanjung outlet was then extrapolated to determine the sediment inflow into the reservoir. The study revealed that the average value of sediment inflow into the reservoir is 29.24 tonnes/ha/year just below the tolerable erosion limit of 30 tonnes/ha/year assumed by Hammer (1981). It was also found that the relationship between sediment yield and sediment inflow is non linear. Erosion index is formulated as the ratio between the mean annual sediment yield generated in the watershed and the mean annual sediment yield that leads dead storage to be full in the designated life of the reservoir. Erosion index equals to 1.0 indicates that the dead storage will be full in the designated life of the reservoir. A classification of erosion index can be subsequently be made based on erosion index and reservoir life relationship.
Development Land Erosion Model Using Model Builder GIS (Case Study: Citepus Watershed)
Authors: PA Hidayat Dina , Andajani Sih
Published: January 2018

Land erosion is the impact of increasing runoff discharge and land use conversion to impervious areas. Land erosion usually calculated by formula called USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) then modified as MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation). These formula calculate average annual soil loss in tons/areas depends on rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility factor (K), topographic factor (LS), cropping and conservation factor (CP). GIS (Geographic Information System) is a system designed to capture, manipulate, and analyze spatial/geographic data. There are some tools related water resources analysis in ArcGIS such as: watershed analysis and also have a tools for user to create their own model called model builder. This research was aim to create a model to calculate land erosion using MUSLE formula by model builder in ArcGIS. The output for this research is the model which can be used to calculate annual soil loss in watershed area based on GIS systems. For the model trial and case study, we use Citepus watershed located on Bandung West Java, that has 5 river branches: Cibogo, Cikakak, Cilimus, Cipedes and Ciroyom. As the result of the model, the value of average annual soil loss in Citepus watershed can be calculated automatically by developed model.
Effective real-time forecasting of inundation maps for early warning systems during typhoons
Authors: Wang Jhih-Huang , Lin Gwo-Fong , Jhong Bing-Chen
Published: January 2018

Accurate forecasts of hourly inundation depths are essential for inundation warning and mitigation during typhoons. In this paper, an effective forecasting model is proposed to yield 1- to 6-h lead-time inundation maps for early warning systems during typhoons. The proposed model based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) is composed of two modules, point forecasting and spatial expansion. In the first module, the rainfall intensity, inundation depth, cumulative rainfall and forecasted inundation depths are considered as model input for point forecasting. In the second module, the geographic information of inundation grids and the inundation forecasts of reference points are used to yield inundation maps for spatial expansion. The results show that the proposed model is able to provide accurate point forecasts at each inundation point. Moreover, the spatial expansion module is capable of producing accurate spatial inundation forecasts. Obviously, the proposed model provides reasonable spatial inundation forecasts, and is able to deal with the nonlinear relationships between inputs and desired output. In conclusion, the proposed model is suitable and useful for inundation forecasting.
Alternative Intake Station in Saguling Reservoir for The Needs of Raw Water in Bandung Metropolitan Area
Authors: Marselina Mariana , Sabar Arwin , Salami Indah R S , Marganingrum Dyah
Published: January 2018

Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) region is the upper watershed of Citarum with an area of ± 2338 km2. The status carried by BMA as a National Strategic Area from the perspective of economic encourage the increasing migration flows to BMA. These circumstances lead to an imbalance between supply and demand, in which on the one hand, demand for clean water is increasing. The potency of Saguling Reservoir as an alternative of raw water of BMA region in terms of quantity in this research was determined based on the determination of mainstay discharge. In this study, the intake site selection 11 monitoring posts will be carried out by reviewing the concentration of all parameters in Government Regulation No. 82 Year 2001 on any division of discharge grade using 5-grade Makov Discrete method (very dry, dry, normal, wet and very wet). In addition, the calculation of the value of Water Quality Index (WQI) was done at each monitoring station for each division of discharge grade that has been done. The series of data flow and concentration parameters used in this study start from the year 1999 to 2014. The allocation of raw water discharge calculation for Saguling Reservoir in order to fulfill the needs of raw water in Bandung Metropolitan Area is 46,92m3/second (R5 dry for irrigation raw water supply and 29,53 92 m3/second (R10 dry for drinking water supply). Based on the assessment of the concentration of measured parameters and determination of Water Quality Index, it can be found that around Muara Ciminyak location is the most qualified location to be used as drinking raw water intake for Bandung Metropolitan Area. Based on this study, it also notes that the determination of the concentration of pollutant parameters needs to be done on the each division of discharge grade occurred.
Study on the leaching performance of chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) from the utilization of solidified nickel slag as concrete floors
Authors: Dewiandratika Maryam , Sukandar  , El Akmam M. Tafdhila
Published: January 2018

With the increasing demands on more metals extraction, the hazardous waste resulted from mining industry has also raised. In this paper, the treatment process of nickel slag containing hazardous metals is described. The treatment involved a solidification process, where nickel slag is used as fine aggregates substituting agent. This study aimed to determine the optimum dosage of nickel slag that met specification in the construction of concrete floors. A series of technical feasibility test were carried out by replacing the weight proportions of sand with nickel slag gradually from 0% to 100% to examine the compressive strength, absorption rate, durability and leaching performance. The results indicated that even though all mixture variations possessed high value of absorption rate indicating high permeability concrete mix, all mixtures, however, had good durability. Furthermore, based on the compressive strength test, a mixture with 60% substitution of nickel slag is considered as a viable replacement of sand in the concrete floors construction in conformance to American Concrete Institute. The leaching performance test showed that leachability of heavy metals content, particularly Cr and Cd from mortar specimens were below the standard according to Indonesian Government Regulation No 101 of 2014, therefore, in terms of environmental point of view, the utilization of solidified nickel is considered safe to be used as concrete floors.
The Treatment of Used Reagent Glass Bottles Using Solidification Technology
Authors: Farida Anggun , Juwana Iwan , Hazairin
Published: January 2018

Used reagent glass bottles are solid waste that people rarely pay attention to in Indonesia. In many cases, the bottles are disposed off without proper handling and treatment, due to the lack of research and information. One potential treatment for such waste is to transform the glass bottles into raw materials for concretes. The objective of the research is to determine the influence of crushed glass particles to the quality of the concrete. The potential reduction of glass bottles will also be calculated.The glass bottles used in this research are the amber ones. The concrete was designed to meet the K225 type requirements. Experiments were done using 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of crushed glass particles. In the concrete production, these crushed glass particles will replace the coarse aggregates. This research measured compressive strength and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedures (TCLP) tests in accordance to SNI and TCLP Extraction Procedures from BAPEDAL. At the end, it was found that the concretes using all variations meet the requirements. As for the TCLP, it showed that concentrations of Cr6+ for the concretes using all variations were all under the threshold, according to Hazardous National Regulation 101/2014. The potential reduction is 600 – 2100 waste bottles.
Dynamic Response of Breasting Dolphin Moored with 40,000 DWT Ship due to Parallel Passing Ship Phenomenon
Authors: Setiawan Heri , Muin Muslim
Published: January 2018

When a ship is moving through another ship moored nearby, hydrodynamic interactions between these ships result in movements of the moored vessel. The movement may occur as surge, sway, and/or yaw. When a ship is passing a moored vessel parallelly, this effect will give a dominant lateral force on the moored ship and response from this phenomenon will appear in a certain time. Only dynamic response due to sway force is considered in this study, the sway force shall be absorb by the breasting dolphin. 40,000 DWT shall be moored to the breasting dolphin. Three passing ships size are considered, the breasting dolphin shall be modeled as a single degree of freedom model. This model will be subjected to a force caused by parallel passing ship. The model is assumed to be in a state of quiet water, this assumption is taken so that the fluid does not provide additional force on the model. The SDOF system shall be analyzed using a computer program designed to solve an ordinary differential equation.
Application MuTsunami in Mentawai Island Indonesia
Authors: Muin Muslim , Yusuf Izqi Yustina Ammylia , Achiari Hendra
Published: January 2018

Software MuTsunami as research tool in Coastal Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung, was applied to simulate propagation of tsunami and sediment transport in Mentawai. The Tsunami occurred in 25 October 2010, 21:42:22 (GMT +7). The hydrodynamic model was based on Non-Orthogonal curvilinear coordinate in spherical coordinate. The results of simulation were compared with observational data, which was collected by group of researcher from Institut Teknologi Bandung, Waseda University, and Yokohama National University. The agreement between the model and observational data are very good.
Structural Development for Well Service Activity in Limited Capacity Platform
Authors: Esa Dewa Marciela , Arifin Muhammad , Primudi Eki
Published: January 2018

The idea is to replace drilling rig, which is utilized for work over/well services activities, with working barge. The challenge comes from the operation and structural platform capacity since the majority of PHE WMO wellhead platform has limited capacity issue and braced monopod type. To minimize the risk of drilling equipment placed on the platform, engineering study is proposed to ensure the reliability of the platform. The process and method of operation during well service activity will also be developed. The proposed mitigation includes: Global Structural Check for Platform Integrity, Local Structural Check for Strengthening, Localized load for Additional Equipment, and Weather-Time-Frame Constraint. Using the proposed methods, PHE WMO can ensure the platform integrity and ensure SAFETY during well service activities.
Hydrodynamics Modeling of Khung Krabaen Lagoon, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand
Authors: Tanuspong Pokavanich , Anukul Buranapratheprat , Chittima Aryuthaka
Published: January 2018

Khung Krabaen Lagoon (KKBL) is a small low-inflow water body. There are vast areas of tidal flat occupied nearly 60% of the lagoon that host some of the most productive seagrass habitats in the region. The lagoon is surrounded by mangrove forest and intensive shrimp farms behind it. The KKBL was used as an intake and recipient water for the farms. However due some shrimp disease epidemics and possibly deteriorated water quality, the farms are now taking the intake water from the outer sea through very expensive (to construct and to maintain) irrigation system. Objective of this study is to investigate the KKBL’s hydrodynamics using a numerical simulation model validated with measured data. The simulation model was setup two-dimensionally based on the Delft3D model. Results suggested that water currents inside, at the mouth and at the outer sea of the lagoon are mainly governed by tide and wind. Offshore of the lagoon, there are strong tidal currents flowing along northwest and southeast direction. The tidal currents flow into the lagoon through its mouth before dispersion rapidly inside the lagoon. Mean circulation largely varied seasonally and had direct correlations outer sea seasonal mean currents and the monsoons.
A Global Review of Public Private Partnerships Trends and Challenges for Social Infrastructure
Authors: Oktavianus Adrianto , Mahani Iris , Meifrinaldi
Published: January 2018

In developing countries, the government which has limited budget for public infrastructure development should choose which infrastructure should be developed. Most countries decided to build more economic infrastructure than social infrastructure because former have direct economic impact for society. The involvement of private sector in public infrastructure financing has been accomplished for decades in the form of Public Private Partnership (PPP). However, the implementation is also more often for economic infrastructure, but some countries have started to implement PPP for social infrastructure (education, healthcare, care of the elderly, etc.) when they think to add human capital and improve quality of life. This study attempts to review a set of public private partnership implementation models relevant for social infrastructure development in some countries. Moreover, this study also more explores to the challenges and issues in different areas of social infrastructure. The outcome is to show a trend public-private partnership for social infrastructure in some successful projects from different countries. The challenges and issues about implementation public-private partnership for social infrastructure also be a part of the results from this study. Finally, the study has a valuable input for implementation of PPP on social infrastructure in Indonesia.
The influence of wage, age and experience to labor productivity in construction works in Kota Langsa, Aceh
Authors: Bukit Ipak Neneng Mardiah , Ismida Yulina , Maulana Rizcy , Nasir Muhammad
Published: January 2018

Construction work, as well as other production process depends on how people work towards it. The success of the work is determined by labor productivity. Labor productivity is affected by many factors such as human factors, environment, labor condition, leadership, type of work, level of difficulty etc. This article will discuss how these aspects influence the value of labor productivity. We limit our research on wage, age and experience from 15 to 30 workers in the brick work. The research is held in 4 construction sites in Kota Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia in late 2016 until early 2017. We observe the effective time, time of contribution, ineffective time work and the work volume. Productivity is obtained by dividing the work volume and the effective time work. The result shows that the amount of wage influences the labor productivity. Nonetheless, we found that age and experience do not affect labor productivity. Interestingly, the experience workers in any ages will increase the value of labor productivity.
Grouting design for slope stability of kedung uling earthfill dam
Authors: Najib  , Setyawan Agus , Joko Suprapto Dwiyanto
Published: January 2018

Kedung Uling earthfill dam locates at Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The dam encountered sliding and settlement at the embankment wall. To minimize sliding and settlement and to optimize the dam, both field investigation and laboratory tests have been proceeded for slope stability analysis and remedial embankment wall. Soil and rock investigation around the dam, which is followed by 10 core drillings, have been conducted. Laboratory tests such as direct shear and index properties have also been carried on. The results were further used for dam slope stability model using slide 6.0 and were used to analyzed factor of safety (FS) of Kedunguling dam. 10 conditions of dam were simulated and strengthening body of dam with grouting was designed. The results showed two conditions, which are condition of maximum water level with and without earthquake at downstream, were unsatisfy Indonesia National Standard (SNI) for building and infrastructure. These conditions can be managed by using grouting for increasing stabilization of embankment wall. By setting up grouting, factor of safety increases and meet the SNI standard requirement.
Development of dynamic impact cone for assessing induced partial saturation (IPS) as liquefaction mitigation technique
Authors: Nababan Fritz R. P.
Published: January 2018

Liquefaction of saturated loose sands during an earthquake has been a great concern for practicing earthquake engineer because of its damaging effects. Current liquefaction mitigation techniques used in practice are expensive. A new innovative mitigation technique which is cost effective was proposed by Yegian et al. [1] called “Induced Partial Saturation” (IPS). This method involves in generating gas bubbles within the pores of fully-saturated sand and transformed it to partially-saturated sand. This paper described the development of a dynamic impact cone to assess the effect of this IPS treatment on saturated loose sand specimens. This dynamic impact cone consists of a cone, rod, ruggedized pressure transducer, string pot, and DAQ. The cone which has pressure transducer incorporated at its tip was driven into fully and partially (treated) saturated sand specimens prepared in the laboratory. The excess pore pressures and penetrations depth per impact of the two specimens were compared. The tests results such as the excess pore pressure and the penetration indicate that the impact penetration on the fully-saturated specimens liquefied sand, but could not liquefy the partially-saturated sand. Therefore the concept and development of this dynamic impact cone has promising future applications.
Observational Method for More Reliable Settlement Prediction for Reclamation on the Holocene Marine Clay Deposit in Jakarta Bay
Authors: Adi Tirta Budiwan , Nugroho M. Adecar , Parahita Bonifacius , Jaspers Focks Dirk-Jan
Published: January 2018

Construction of the 276 and 312 ha reclamation on the Holocene marine clay deposit in Jakarta Bay is on-going. Settlement has been measured during the construction in order to satisfy the requirement of residual settlement. This paper briefly discusses limitation of accuracy of settlement prediction based on purely parameters derived from laboratory and in situ testing, in particular the Holocene marine clay. A reliable ‘observational’ method which makes full use of the monitoring data is described and estimates reliable residual settlement. More accurate settlement method is then also briefly described taken into account complex loading history. Finally, the factors, which are source of inaccurate settlement predictions and its implications, are included in the discussion.
Acidic Wet Deposition in Bandung City Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Nia Yuniarti , Driejana  , Sulaeman Aminudin , Ariesyady Herto Dwi
Published: January 2018

Acidic deposition (acid rain) has been known to cause negative impact to environment. Measurement of rain chemical composition was done in March to August 2016 to investigate temporal variation of atmospheric deposition in Bandung City. Rainwater samples are collected at four sampling sites. The chemical properties of the rain determined were pH and ionic concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and NH4+. The rainwater was typically acidic with the range of mean pH between 5.29 – 5.56 and mean electric conductivity value range between 16.37 – 19.96 μS/cm. Temporal variation showed higher SO42+, NO3+ and NH4+ concentration in August when rainfalls were the lowest (214.88 mm). Similar temporal variation for the mean pH (5.98) and electric conductivity (25.36 μS/cm) in August. Ca2+ highest concentration was observed in June. Generally, the the major component of precipitation chemistry were SO42- and NO3-, Ca+ and NH4+, for anion and cations, respectively. The largest proportions of the total anions in all sampling sites was SO42- ranged from 32% (Lembang) to 37% (Buah Batu) followed by NO3- (13 – 15%) and and Cl- (4 – 7%). For cations, NH4+ dominated with proportion ranged between 21 – 27% and subsequently Ca2+ (13 – 19%) and followed by Na+, Mg+, K+ and H+. The Neutralizing Factor (NF) results reveal that Ca2+ and NH4+ are the dominant neutralization substances in the rainwater. However it should be noted that reduced nitrogen (NH4+) act as mobile nitrogen that further will acidify the environment, particularly to soil ecosystem downstreams.
What has economics got to do with it? The impact of socioeconomic factors on mental health and the case for collective action
Authors: Macintyre Anna , Ferris Daniel , Gonçalves Briana , Quinn Neil
Published: January 2018

A clear link exists between social and economic inequality and poor mental health. There is a social gradient in mental health, and higher levels of income inequality are linked to higher prevalence of mental illness. Despite this, in the late 20th and early 21st century, psychiatric and psychological perspectives have dominated mental health research and policy, obscuring root socioeconomic contributors. Drawing on contemporary research on the social determinants of mental health, with particular reference to Europe and the U.S., this paper argues that a sharper focus on socioeconomic factors is required in research and policy to address inequalities in mental health. Current attempts to move this direction include: evaluation of the impact of economic policies on mental health, community-based partnerships, increased professional awareness and advocacy on socioeconomic factors. This necessitates greater understanding of the barriers to such actions. This paper argues that advancing ‘upstream’ approaches to population mental health requires an interdisciplinary research vision that supports greater understanding of the role of socioeconomic factors. It also demands collective cross-sectoral action through changes in social and economic policy, as well as economic frameworks that move beyond an exclusive focus on economic growth to embrace collective and societal wellbeing.
Analysis of flows by deposition of diamond-like structures
Authors: Rebrov Alexey , Plotnikov Mikhail , Mankelevich Yuri , Yudin Ivan
Published: January 2018

The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to simulate the hydrogen–methane mixtures flowing through a heated cylindrical tungsten tube and expanding into a low-pressure chamber in the substrate holder direction. The DSMC method takes into account heterogeneous reactions in the tube and on the substrate surface. The results of DSMC simulation are used for the chemical kinetics calculations, i.e., axial distributions of species concentrations in various H/C mixtures. The effects of various parameters (reactor configuration, flow rate, initial concentration of methane in the mixture with hydrogen, and pressure in the chamber) on species fluxes to the substrate, the degree of hydrogen dissociation, the degree of methane decomposition, and further conversion of CxHy components up to atomic carbon C are numerically studied. The developed method provides a possibility of solving similar problems for nonequilibrium flows.
Low-temperature oxide-free silicon and germanium wafer bonding based on a sputtered amorphous Ge
Authors: Ke Shaoying , Ye Yujie , Lin Shaoming , Ruan Yujiao , Zhang Xiaoying , Huang Wei , Wang Jianyuan , Li Cheng , Chen Songyan
Published: January 2018

We report a potential low-cost method for low-temperature silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) wafer bonding based on an intermediate amorphous Ge (a-Ge). The sputtered a-Ge is demonstrated to be extremely flat (RMS = ∼0.28 nm) and hydrophilic (contact angle = ∼3°). The a-Ge turns to be the polycrystalline phase at the Si/Ge/Si bonded interface, whereas it fully turns to be single-crystal phase at the Ge/Ge/Si bonded interface after annealing. The simulated stress distribution reveals that the maximum thermal stress in a-Ge dominates the crystallization process and the crystalline phase of the intermediate Ge layer depends on the induction of seed crystals. More importantly, the threading dislocation and oxide layer are not observed at the bonded interface. This finding may be applied to fabricate high-performance Si-based Ge photoelectric devices.
Impulse excitation scanning acoustic microscopy for local quantification of Rayleigh surface wave velocity using B-scan analysis
Authors: Cherry M. , Dierken J. , Boehnlein T. , Pilchak A. , Sathish S. , Grandhi R.
Published: January 2018

A new technique for performing quantitative scanning acoustic microscopy imaging of Rayleigh surface wave (RSW) velocity was developed based on b-scan processing. In this technique, the focused acoustic beam is moved through many defocus distances over the sample and excited with an impulse excitation, and advanced algorithms based on frequency filtering and the Hilbert transform are used to post-process the b-scans to estimate the Rayleigh surface wave velocity. The new method was used to estimate the RSW velocity on an optically flat E6 glass sample, and the velocity was measured at ±2 m/s and the scanning time per point was on the order of 1.0 s, which are both improvement from the previous two-point defocus method. The new method was also applied to the analysis of two titanium samples, and the velocity was estimated with very low standard deviation in certain large grains on the sample. A new behavior was observed with the b-scan analysis technique where the amplitude of the surface wave decayed dramatically on certain crystallographic orientations. The new technique was also compared with previous results, and the new technique has been found to be much more reliable and to have higher contrast than previously possible with impulse excitation.
Correlated ion and neutral time of flight technique combined with velocity map imaging: Quantitative measurements for dissociation processes in excited molecular nano-systems
Authors: Berthias F. , Feketeová L. , Della Negra R. , Dupasquier T. , Fillol R. , Abdoul-Carime H. , Farizon B. , Farizon M. , Märk T. D.
Published: January 2018

The combination of the Dispositif d’Irradiation d’Agrégats Moléculaire with the correlated ion and neutral time of flight–velocity map imaging technique provides a new way to explore processes occurring subsequent to the excitation of charged nano-systems. The present contribution describes in detail the methods developed for the quantitative measurement of branching ratios and cross sections for collision-induced dissociation processes of water cluster nano-systems. These methods are based on measurements of the detection efficiency of neutral fragments produced in these dissociation reactions. Moreover, measured detection efficiencies are used here to extract the number of neutral fragments produced for a given charged fragment.
Design and testing of a coil-unit barrel for helical coil electromagnetic launcher
Authors: Yang Dong , Liu Zhenxiang , Shu Ting , Yang Lijia , Ouyang Jianming
Published: January 2018

A coil-unit barrel for a helical coil electromagnetic launcher is described. It provides better features of high structural strength and flexible adjustability. It is convenient to replace the damaged coil units and easy to adjust the number of turns in the stator coils due to the modular design. In our experiments, the highest velocity measured for a 4.5-kg projectile is 47.3 m/s and the mechanical reinforcement of the launcher could bear 35 kA peak current. The relationship between the energy conversion efficiency and the inductance gradient of the launcher is also studied. In the region of low inductance gradient, the efficiency is positively correlated with the inductance gradient. However, in the region of high inductance gradient, the inter-turn arc erosion becomes a major problem of limiting the efficiency and velocity of the launcher. This modular barrel allows further studies in the inter-turn arc and the variable inductance gradient helical coil launcher.
In situ magnetometry for experiments with atomic quantum gases
Authors: Krinner Ludwig , Stewart Michael , Pazmiño Arturo , Schneble Dominik
Published: January 2018

Precise control of magnetic fields is a frequent challenge encountered in experiments with atomic quantum gases. Here we present a simple method for performing in situ monitoring of magnetic fields that can readily be implemented in any quantum-gas apparatus in which a dedicated field-stabilization approach is not feasible. The method, which works by sampling several Rabi resonances between magnetically field sensitive internal states that are not otherwise used in a given experiment, can be integrated with standard measurement sequences at arbitrary fields. For a condensate of 87Rb atoms, we demonstrate the reconstruction of Gauss-level bias fields with an accuracy of tens of microgauss and with millisecond time resolution. We test the performance of the method using measurements of slow resonant Rabi oscillations on a magnetic-field sensitive transition and give an example for its use in experiments with state-selective optical potentials.