bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Социально-психологические технологии преодоления чувства одиночества у пожилых людей
Authors: Свищева Ирина Константиновна , Короткая Ирина Ивановна , Полякова Елена Валерьевна
Published: April 2024

Пожилых людей во всем мире становится все больше, и поддержка этой категории граждан становится важной частью социальной политики любого государства. Чтобы сделать жизнь пожилого человека счастливее и насыщеннее, придать ему уверенности в своих возможностях, восполнить дефицит общения, помочь адаптироваться к роли пенсионера и справиться с ситуацией покинутости и отчужденности, невостребованности в социуме, необходимо избежать погружения престарелого в состояние одиночества. Важно отметить, что именно семья является главнейшей сферой, в которой пожилой человек реализует многие важные для него потребности. Но как это ни парадоксально, даже те, кто окружен вниманием и заботой родственников, нередко сталкиваются с таким чувством.
В статье представлены результаты исследования феномена переживания чувства одиночества в пожилом возрасте в контексте социальной поддержки данной категории граждан, создания условий для улучшения их социального самочувствия, восполнения дефицита общения, помощи в преодолении состояния невостребованности и отчуждения. Анализ результатов авторского исследования подтверждает тот факт, что психологически «корректная» стратегия проживания пожилого возраста – это сохранение социальной и ментальной активности, нахождение занятий и хобби, новых друзей, интеграция с новыми поколениями семьи посредством различных социально-психологических технологий преодоления одиночества, создание Клуба общения, в частности. Проект «Клубное общение как метод социально-психологической помощи в преодолении одиночества пожилых людей» представлен как форма работы, в наибольшей мере позволяющая справиться с выявленной проблемой. Проект дает возможность удовлетворять потребность пожилых людей в общении, развивать социальные навыки, устранять чувства ненужности и покинутости, организовывать полезный досуг и активную полноценную жизнь данной категории граждан.
Тематическое исследование участия молодежных организаций Китая в глобальном управлении
Authors: Мэнлун Ли , Яцзин Бай , Синюй Цай
Published: April 2024

Перед лицом все более сложных глобальных проблем общественные организации играют все более заметную роль в системе глобального управления, причем молодежь играет все более важную роль. Однако, с более широкой точки зрения, нынешнее отсутствие у молодежи Китая общей способности участвовать в глобальном управлении ограничивает процесс участия Китая в глобальном управлении. На примере Китайской молодежной сети действий по борьбе с изменением климата (CYCAN), широко влиятельной молодежной организации, основанной в 2007 году и возглавившей первую в истории Китая команду молодежных делегатов, выступивших на сцене Копенгагенской конференции по климату, в этом документе представлено тематическое исследование, посвященное предпосылкам, целям и оперативному механизму CYCAN. Исследованы основные особенности и способы участия CYCAN в глобальном управлении в области изменения климата, вносятся предложения о том, как способствовать более активному участию китайских молодежных организаций в глобальном управлении в свете существующих серьезных проблем. В этой статье делается вывод о том, что китайские молодежные общественные организации добились блестящих достижений в своем участии в глобальном управлении, но все еще несколько незрелы по сравнению со зрелыми молодежными общественными организациями в других развитых странах. Необходимы дальнейшие изменения как в правительстве, так и в самой организации, чтобы поддержать участие китайских молодежных организаций в глобальном управлении.
Профилактика суицида: партнерская деятельность государственных и религиозных организаций
Authors: Лупан Елена Ивановна
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена анализу партнерской деятельности государственных и религиозных организаций в деле профилактики суицидального поведения. Повышенного внимания требует задача создания условий для самореализации личности, мотивации человека к активации личных ресурсов, самопомощи в преодолении критических жизненных ситуаций и предотвращении суицидального поведения. Суицидальное поведение обусловлено рядом факторов: социальными, экономическими, политическими, психологическими, а также религиозными. В настоящее время является актуальным междисциплинарное изучение данного явления, возникает необходимость поиска новых возможностей и форм работы в условиях партнерства государственных, общественных и религиозных организаций с целью углубленного исследования факторов суицидального риска и разработки эффективных социальных программ предотвращения суицидального поведения в современном обществе.
Дистанционная занятость лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в эпоху цифровизации
Authors: Алексеева Елена Николаевна
Published: April 2024

Рынок труда претерпевает существенные изменения в результате влияния на него процессов цифровизации, вследствие чего возникают новые формы занятости населения. С развитием информационно-коммуникативных технологий и доступностью интернета дистанционная занятость стала возможной для многих категорий населения, включая тех, у кого есть ограничения по здоровью. Влияние пандемии COVID-19 способствовало активному внедрению и развитию дистанционной занятости, однако вынужденный переход работодателей на данную форму занятости открыл пробелы в законодательной базе, состоящие в ее недостаточной гибкости и защите основных прав работников. Общая численность российских инвалидов на начало 2023 г. составила 11,55 тысяч человек, из них 4,5 тысяч человек трудоспособного возраста. Доля занятых (работающих) инвалидов от общей численности инвалидов на начало 2022 г. составляет всего лишь 22,6 %, в то время как общая доля занятого населения составляет 79 %. Лица с ограниченными возможностями – это своеобразный резерв трудового потенциала населения в условиях сокращения численности населения трудоспособного возраста и его старения. Труд играет важную роль в интеграции и самореализации инвалидов, способствует повышению их уровня жизни, а также препятствует развитию социальной депривации. Ограниченные возможности здоровья создают факторы, препятствующие традиционной форме занятости, в особенности маломобильных граждан. Несмотря на квотирование рабочих мест для рассматриваемой категории граждан, зачастую на практике наблюдается отсутствие желания со стороны работодателей включать в штат сотрудников с ограничениями по здоровью. На сегодняшний день государство обращает пристальное внимание на вопросы профессионального развития и трудоустройства инвалидов трудоспособного возраста. В статье рассматривается дистанционная работа как адаптивный механизм для лиц с ОВЗ, обеспечивающий им возможность трудовой интеграции. Представлены основные термины и понятия, раскрывающие дистанционную занятость. Повышение уровня занятости инвалидов играет важную роль в развитии уровня общего благополучия общества. Поскольку трудовая занятость для лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья трудоспособного возраста выступает основным каналом социальной и трудовой интеграции, особую важность приобретает использование и внедрение дистанционных форм занятости. Дистанционная работа является инновационным и эффективным способом решения остро стоящей проблемы безработицы среди лиц с ОВЗ и инвалидов, тем самым ее использование окажет позитивное влияние на уровень занятости населения в целом.
Социально-психологическое сопровождение пожилых людей (на примере муниципального проекта «Старость в радость»)
Authors: Полубояринова Наталья Ивановна
Published: April 2024

В статье рассмотрены особенности социально-психологического сопровождения пожилых людей, автором представлены результаты исследования, которые демонстрируют наличие у пожилых людей – получателей социальных услуг психологических трудностей, понижение эмоционального фона, отсутствие жизненных перспектив. В качестве одного из решений автор предлагает проект «Старость в радость», направленный на повышение адаптационных возможностей пожилых людей.
Повышение родительской компетентности молодых матерей с опытом сиротства
Authors: Ковалева Елена Юрьевна
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме повышения родительской компетентности молодых матерей, являющихся выпускницами интернатных учреждений и находящихся на постинтернатном сопровождении в ГБУ «Центр подготовки и постинтернатного сопровождения выпускников «Расправь крылья».
Проведенное исследование позволило выявить основные потребности молодых матерей и обозначить направления повышения психолого-педагогической культуры и родительской компетентности молодых матерей с опытом сиротства.
Полученные результаты стали основой для разработки регионального проекта «Моя семья − моя опора», направленного на информирование молодых матерей о возможностях получения помощи; оказание адресной помощи семьям в преодолении трудностей силами профильных специалистов и волонтеров; создание развивающего пространства для детей и обучение родителей навыкам игрового взаимодействия с ними; развитие родительской компетентности и профилактика эмоционального выгорания через психологические тренинги и консультации.
ARRANJOS DE SEMEADURA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CULTURA DO MILHO
Authors: Ormond Antonio Tassio Santana , Noronha Rafaeli Henrique Freitas , Brito Lavinia Vieira , Lacerda Sara Moreno , Furlani Carlos Eduardo Angeli , Brandão Fernando João Bispo
Published: April 2024

Por meio de diferentes arranjos entre as plantas é possível otimizar a utilização dos recursos naturais disponíveis na produção do milho, alcançado melhores produtividades. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar alguns caracteres produtivos da cultura em diferentes arranjos espaciais. Foram avaliados os principais parâmetros indicadores de produtividade da cultura, utilizando-se o delineamento estatístico em blocos casualizados (DBC) sendo os tratamentos compostos por 2 espaçamentos (o padrão de 0,90m e o espaçamento em linhas gêmeas (intercalando espaçamento de 0,45m e 0,90m) e 3 populações de plantas (55.000, 60.000 e 65.000 plantas ha-1), compondo um fatorial 2 x 3 com 4 repetições, com auxílio de estatística clássica e controle estatístico do processo. Os espaçamentos em linhas gêmeas apresentaram os melhores resultados para produtividade e altura da primeira espiga, com destaque para a população 65.000 ha-1 pela maior estabilidade, ou seja, qualidade no processo por meio da otimização espacial dos recursos disponíveis.
Some loss factors and processing methods of dried fishes used in the Sahelian domain of Cameroon
Authors:   University of Maroua, Goma Z , Vatsou J ,   University of Maroua, Tamgno BR ,   University of Douala, Goudoum A ,   University of Maroua, Ngamo Tinkeu LS ,   University of Ngaoundere
Published: April 2024

Fish is an important source of protein, minerals and essential fatty acids for human nutrition. To ensure its permanent availability, this highly perishable commodity is processed and stored. However, during storage, dry fishes suffer significant quantitative and qualitative losses due to the lack of efficient pest control methods and preservative processes. An intensive interview survey was conducted with 175 dry fish sellers in markets and processors' families in the Logone basin from 2020 to 2021 to identify the causes of losses and the usual tools used to limit them. It was found that losses of dry fish start during handling and transport where inadequate packaging breaks the dry fish. In addition, fishes are attacked by insect pests, losses depend on fish species and climate. In the Logone basin, 14 species of fish are caught and processed, the most represented species are Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758 with 24.49%, Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822 with 21.26% and Brevimyrus niger Günther 1866 with 15.40%. Their major pests are insects (53%), rodents (28%) and fungi (9%). Moreover, during handling/transport, 10% are lost. The insects identified are from the family of Cleridae and Dermestidae. Cleridae predominate in the surveyed areas with 67.76% against 32.23% of Dermestidae. Four species are identified: Dermestes maculatus, Dermestes frischii, Dermestes ater and Necrobia rufipes. Moreover, to protect their fish against these insect pests, stakeholders use industrial chemicals, generally sold as plant protection products, and local products derived from biodiversity local. The most popular chemical pesticide applied on dried fish has dichlorvos as active ingredient (83%). The most used are DD FORCE (48.51%) and PRIME SHI (16.26%), at the level of sellers and processors. It is an extremely hazardous pesticide, damaging health of consumers and polluting the environment. It would be necessary to consider the use of bio insecticides for the protection of the dried fish against pests and for the health safety of consumers. Key words: Dry fish, insect pests, storage, pesticides, Cameroon, Logone basin
Consumer meat safety knowledge and hygiene practices in a veterinary disease-controlled area of South Africa
Authors:   Tshwane University of Technology, Nkosi DV , Bekker JL ,   Tshwane University of Technology, Hoffman LC ,   University of Stellenbosch
Published: April 2024

Consumers’ practices and knowledge play a significant role in ensuring meat safety and hygiene application. This is important in an environment where the slaughter and release of such meat is restricted and not always controlled and monitored. This could have been contributed by the lack of slaughter facilities; the controlled movement of live animal restrictions applicable in a typical veterinary diseases-controlled area. The aim of this investigation was to identify meat hygiene practices and general meat safety knowledge applied by consumers of central Bushbuckridge, South Africa. Structured interviews (n=81) were conducted with consumers observed purchasing meat from local meat supply centres. Data analysis was achieved by SAS Statistical software (Version 26) SAS and graphs were drawn using MS Excel 2020. The majority (84.2%, σ=29.4) of the consumers indicated that meat supplied in the region were from registered facilities. The general belief amongst the consumers was that routine hygiene inspection was conducted by authorities at all meat distributing or butchery facilities (74.1%, σ=39.7). None of the facilities or/and butcheries in the study area was registered and therefore, no formal regulated practices could have been conducted. Slaughter and distribution of meat within the area were seen as a good business by 78.6%, σ=18.9 of the consumers, and as a result, the consumers did not have a problem with widespread slaughter and release of this meat to the public outside of those facilities. The extent of hygiene application practices at household level varied. These included the assurance that perishable products were properly handled after purchase (84.1%, σ=8.3), and the handling or transportation of sourced meat did not comply with cold chain management prescripts (39.9%, σ=44.9). The likelihood of consumers feeling the same about meat hygiene concerns and practices is undoubtedly low as represented by a high standard deviation (σ) of the responses. These results show that consumers were relying on authorities for meat safety assurances. This ought to caution authorities on consumer practices and needed interventions such as animal movement policies enforcement. The adoption of such policies by consumers lies with the development and rollout of consumer awareness and meat safety assurances training programs. Key words: abattoir, consumer practices, illegal slaughter, meat safety, meat hygiene
Agricultural cooperative and members’ resilience in Kita and Yanfolila cercles of Mali
Authors:   University of Liege, Mumararungu I , M ya-Bititi Gisaro ,   University of Rwanda, Bisetsa E ,   University of Liege, Burny P ,   University of Liege
Published: April 2024

The study examined the role of agricultural cooperatives in strengthening the resilience and social fabric of rural communities in the Kita and Yanfolila regions of Mali. Using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods, data was collected from 149 participants, including cooperative members and non-members, through structured surveys and focus group discussions. It explored the challenges faced by farmers, the benefits of cooperative membership, the dynamics of social cohesion within these cooperatives, the nuances of inclusion, and conducted a comparative analysis between cooperative members and non-members. The communities in Kita and Yanfolila faced multiple adversities that significantly affected their resilience, livelihoods and overall well-being. Drought emerged as the most serious problem, affecting the entire population and underscoring its profound impact on agriculture and welfare. Flooding was also a significant threat, exacerbating food insecurity. While terrorist activities and COVID-19 seemed less pressing due to their limited occurrence or awareness at the time, vigilance and awareness remained key. The study highlighted the myriad benefits of cooperative membership and how it empowered members through agricultural training, access to resources and financial stability. In particular, cooperatives have been instrumental in addressing water scarcity and ensuring sustainable access through initiatives such as boreholes and pumping equipment, thereby increasing agricultural productivity and food security. The study also highlighted the key role of cooperatives in fostering social cohesion, promoting conflict resolution and serving as networking platforms. Members praised cooperatives for providing emotional and material support in times of need, disseminating conflict management techniques and promoting transparent, collective decision-making processes. However, there was a noticeable gap in perceptions between cooperative members and non-members regarding the role of cooperatives in conflict resolution. Non-members were less confident, possibly due to a lack of exposure or understanding of cooperative mechanisms. Inclusivity emerged as a key issue, with discussions highlighting the challenge of extending benefits to non-members, which could lead to feelings of exclusion. Income disparities between members and non-members further exacerbated issues of social cohesion. The study also highlighted the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing disrupted supply chains, reduced incomes, increased unemployment and heightened food insecurity in rural communities. Despite this, agricultural cooperatives stepped up by disseminating information, distributing essential supplies and promoting hygiene practices. Key words: Agricultural cooperative, resilience, peacebuilding, social cohesion, COVID-19, Mali
Endophytic fusarium solani exhibiting potential stress tolerance and enhances growth of maize in South Africa
Authors:   Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Manganyi MC
Published: April 2024

New technological approaches harness the potential of endophytic fungi as growth promoters, utilizing their bioactive compounds to protect against herbivores, insects, and various unfavourable abiotic stresses, including temperature, salinity, drought, and heavy metals. Zea mays (L.) is considered as a staple food source in many countries including South Africa. Endophytic fungi are natural growth promoters without causing any disease or symptoms of diseases. In the current study, nine endophytic fungi were examined for abiotic stress tolerance and were inoculated in the maize seeds prior to plantation. The construction of the phylogenetic tree was based on consensus sequences (ITS) using endophytic fungi produced three clades with four subgroups. Among the 9 endophytic fungi, only 3 fungal isolates (END 15, MHE 55, RNK 4) grew on 3% and 6% salinity PDA. Boeremia exigua was the only isolate that could withstand 6%. Fusarium solani (MHE 55) survived at low pH. Furthermore, Neurospora sp. (GG 9) and Fusarium solani (MHE 55) grew at 37 ºC. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to establish the growth promoting properties. The highest plant height was observed in the treatment which was inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum (GG 8) followed by Fusarium solani (MHE 55), reaching 46 cm and 44 cm respectively. The significant enhancement in plant height, root weight, fresh weight and leaf size, demonstrate the potential use of the selected isolate as a growth promoter for maize. In contrast Chaetomium (PG 9) and Alternaria (MHE 68) displayed none to limited growth promoting properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential use of F. solani isolated from South African geranium as a growth promoter. As the world is aiming at a more sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture, the use of such endophytes will contribute to better crop production and protection, hence more food availability. Key words: Fusarium solani, Endophytes, Growth promotion, Maize, Stress tolerance, Boeremia exigua, Chaetomium, Alternaria
Effect of poverty level and food insecurity status on poultry farmers' response to high feed costs in south-west Nigeria
Authors:   Babcock University, Afodu OJ , Balogun OL ,   Babcock University, Afolami CA ,   Babcock University, Akinboye OE ,   Babcock University, Akintunde AO ,   Babcock University, Shobo BA ,   Babcock University, Adewumi AG ,   Babcock University, Ayo-Bello TA ,   Babcock University, Ndubuisi-Ogbonna LC ,   Babcock University, Oyewumi SO ,   Babcock University, Adefelu AO ,   Babcock University
Published: April 2024

The rising cost of feed is a major challenge in Nigeria’s poultry industry. It impacts production costs and threatens the industry's sustainability and food security. Implementing effective coping strategies for rising feed costs is crucial for poultry enterprises. This study examines poverty level, food insecurity status, and poultry farmers’ coping strategies to high feed costs in South-West, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed for this study. Three states (Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo) were purposively selected from the six states in the South-West of Nigeria. In the second stage, 575 poultry farmers from all Poultry Association of Nigeria zones were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data on the production activities of poultry farms were collected from the farmers using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean per capita household expenditure, household food insecurity access scale, double log regression, multinomial logistic regression, and stochastic frontier production models at p< 0.05. The results of data analysis showed that 48% of the poultry farmers adopted mixed farming to cope with the rising feed cost while 24.7%, 16.1% and 6.2% adopted the use of finished feed, downsizing their flock size and at the verge of exiting the venture, respectively, while 5.2% did not change strategy. At a poverty line of ₦48,500/year, 70.7% of the poultry farmers were poor. The results also indicated that 25.8% of the poultry farmers were food secure, 1.6%, 27.2% and 45.4% were mildly, moderately and severely food insecure, respectively. The multinomial logit analysis results showed that sex (p<0.1), age (p<0.05), education (p<0.01), farm size (p<0.05), food security status (p<0.01), and access to credit (p<0.01) were factors for coping with rising feed costs in South-west Nigeria. The study concludes that the more educated the poultry farmers are the likely they will adopt the most suitable strategies to reduce the effect of rising feed costs. The study recommends that poultry farmers should engage in mixed farming which enables them to be in production. Key words: Adopted strategies, Food security, Poverty level, Poultry farmers, Feed costs
Production, postharvest practice, marketing and challenges of smallholder vegetable producers in Tanzania
Authors:   Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Makule E , Dimoso N ,   Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Tassou SA ,   Brunel University London
Published: April 2024

Beside staple crops, the fruits and vegetables subsector contribute significantly to domestic and export markets. Yet, this subsector faces a number of challenges that limits its full growth potential. Through 383 randomly selected farmers’ interviews in selected districts, the study revealed profound information on the vegetable value chain. Findings show that, there is fair participation of men (58%) and women (42%) in vegetable production. Majority of farmers were between 19 and 49 years old (70%), attained primary education (80%) and had more than 5 years in commercial vegetable production (71.8%). Further, 79.4% of farmers had less than 1 ha of vegetable farmland. Farmers cultivate a wide range of nutritious and commercially valued vegetables including broccoli (50.7%), cauliflower (37.3%), white cabbage (34.7%), crisphead lettuce (24.5%), Chinese cabbage (20.6%), zucchini (20.1%), carrot (18.5%), tomato (14.4%), purple cabbage (10.2%), beetroot (9.4%), African nightshade (8.4%), leaf lettuce (7.6%), green/snap bean (6.8%), snow/sugar-snap pea (5%), leeks (5%), spinach (4.2%), green pepper (4.2%), herbs (parsley, fennel and dill) (4.2%) and celery (2.9%). However, sustainable marketing of fresh vegetables is a challenge leading to most farmers opting to wholesale their produce at the farm gate (70.5%) instead of the marketplace, with the price often being set by the wholesale buyers (78.1%). With the exception of gender, household size, and farming experience; a farmer’s location and primary education level had a slightly statistically significant (p = 0.044) influence on opting to use farmgate as the point of sales. The unpredictable market (100%), costly and low-quality inputs (36.4%), pests and diseases (35.2%), and shortage of cold storage facilities (22.9%) were claimed to hamper vegetable production and the producers. In general, vegetables subsector can grow significantly in Tanzania due to the availability of irrigated nutrient-rich land, favorable climate and productive workforce. Thus, good farming practices, marketing and cold chain facilities have the potential to reduce postharvest losses and help realize national sustainable development goals. Key words: Fresh vegetables, postharvest practices, marketing, constraints, cold chains
Design, construction, and field testing of a spiral water wheel pump
Authors:   University of Illinois, Millimouno A , Cooke RA ,   University of Illinois
Published: April 2024

The global expansion in farmland and the increase in the world population has compounded the need for more efficient water use. The spiral water wheel pump can be a valuable and low-cost option for pumping water for surface and subsurface irrigation for farmland near flowing water bodies. This low-cost water-lifting device, which uses the kinetic energy of a flowing stream/river to lift water to homes and farmlands, can help smallholder farmers expand the growing season into the dry season. It is more cost-effective than conventional energy sources. It can be used in areas with limited access to electricity or fossil fuels because the energy of pumping is derived from the kinetic energy of flowing water. Its simplicity, adaptability, and low maintenance requirements make it a valuable tool for communities seeking water security and improved livelihoods. The main objective of this study was to develop performance curves for a version of the pump fabricated from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and wood, materials that are readily accessible to smallholder farmers in Africa, to optimize its performance for different field conditions. Laboratory and field tests were performed in Illinois, United States of America, and Sierra Leone, West Africa, with pumps with several pipe diameters/pipe configurations and wheel diameters. During the laboratory tests, a 0.6m diameter single-layer pump with a 2.5cm pipe diameter (18 coils) lifted water to a maximum height of 3.4m. When a 3.8cm pipe diameter (10 coils) was used, the maximum height was reduced to 2.7m. Field tests at an experimental site in Fulton County, Illinois, generated a maximum height of 3.4m and 3.1m when 2.5cm pipe diameters were used on 1.22m and 0.6m diameter wheels, respectively. In Sierra Leone, the maximum height generated was 16m and 8.5m for the 1.22m and 0.6m diameter wheels, respectively, with a 1.9cm pipe diameter. In all the field tests, the pumps only worked when the water velocity exceeded 0.6 ms-1, smaller streams with a velocity less than 0.6 ms-1 can be channeled if necessary. These results indicate that this pump can improve dry season productivity for farmland near the flowing water bodies in developing countries like Sierra Leone. Key words: Wheel diameter, pipe diameters, pipe configuration, discharge rate, stream velocity
Growth performance, piglets size and profitability of native pigs fed with kitchen leftover, Madre de aqua (Trichantera gigantea) and taro (Colocasia esculenta) in contrast with commercial feeds
Authors:   Northwest Samar State University, Bollido ME
Published: April 2024

Hog raisers of today consider feeds to be the most expensive component in hog enterprise. Thus, the study of the Comparative Effects of low-cost indigenous Feeds and Commercial Feeds on the Growth and Profitability of Native Pigs. Effects of indigenous feeds and commercial feeds on the growth and profitability of native pigs. This study was carried out to determine the effect of indigenous feeds and commercial feeds on the growth and profitability of native pigs. A total of 12 heads of piglets were distributed into 4 treatments with 3 replications. Results revealed that feeding native pigs with different mixtures of indigenous and commercial feeds has a significant effect on the initial weight; however, based on the results, it was T4 (100% commercial feeds) that showed a numerically heavier initial weight among all treatments fed with a different mixture of indigenous feeds, while in terms of weight gain, results showed that T1 was given 50% taro and 50% leftovers compared quantitatively to T4 fed 100% commercial feeds. Comparable differences were observed from T1-T3, where an average of 2,253.08 kg of feed per head was consumed. In other words, pigs consumed the maximum amount of feed given with a minimal feed leftover up to an average of 1.43 kg. Results revealed that feeds consumed by native pigs were numerically higher in T1- taro (50%) kitchen leftover (50%) followed by T3, T2 (80% Taro & 20% Kitchen leftover), while T4 with commercial feeds consumed 1,258.80 kg. In T3, 80% taro and 20% kitchen leftover, gave an average number of 8 piglets, followed by T2 with 7 piglets, T1 with 6 piglets, and T4 with 5 piglets, while in average weight, T4 has 0.8400 kg, T2 with 0.8267 kg, T3 with 0.6700 kg and T1 with 0.5667 kg, respectively. T3 have the highest profit of 11,707.60 pesos with Return on Investment (ROI) of 95.24%, followed by T2 with profit of 7,351.60 pesos and 53.86% ROI, T1 with 5,710.60 pesos and 46.47% ROI, and T4 with -43,180.40 pesos and ROI of -25.78%. Key words: commercial feeds, indigenous feeds, kitchen Leftover, native pigs, piglet size, profitability, taro
Institutional frameworks that guide research integrity and security towards protection of IP and management of technology transfer in universities in Kenya
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Musembi S , Oduor R ,   Kenyatta University, Kimiywe J ,   Kenyatta University
Published: April 2024

Kenya’s higher education system is expanding at a very rapid rate. This is reflected in the increasing number of public and private universities, the expansion of existing universities, and the proliferation of online education services. Further, these universities have been increasingly expected to transcend their conventional teaching and research missions to contribute directly and indirectly to solving social and environmental challenges and generate knowledge of economic relevance to society. The teaching and research missions of a university are important, especially on a continent whose population is young and growing rapidly. Demand for higher education is likely to remain high.
Main features of diagnosis and treatment of delirium in icu patients: a systematic review
Authors: Riabchenko M. A. , Leyderman I. N.
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Delirium is a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome, which is a common problem in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recently published works indicate a insufficiency of awareness about the key principles of diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

   The aim of the study is to analyze and summarize data on algorithms that allow the identification and correction of delirium in patients in the intensive care unit.

   Materials and methods. A comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and eLIBRARY. The review includes searchable publications for May 2023.

   Results. A literature review identified five adult delirium screening tools that have been validated against The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic criteria for delirium. Prospects for improving clinical outcomes are multi-component programs with a large number of strategies aimed at assessing, preventing and treating delirium in the ICU.

   Conclusion. It is necessary to use validated screening tools, as well as implement preventive strategies such as ABCDEF. Prevention of delirium in the ICU by determining the level of risk, eliminating etiological development factors and early multimodal therapy should be included in the standard algorithm from the moment the patient is admitted to the hospital in order to reduce hospital mortality.
Efficacy of 4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1-(thietane-3-yl)-1h-1,2,4-triazol-4 bromide in the rat model of inferior vena cava thrombosis
Authors: Wang Yi , Bulatova N. R. , Klen E. E. , Rozit G. A. , Nikitina I. L. , Startseva L. V. , Bogdanova Yu. A. , Shchekin V. S. , Samorodov A. V.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. According to WHO, acute disorders of cerebral circulation are anticipated to become a predominant contributor to the global disease burden by 2030. The comprehensive management of vascular depression entails not only the use of antidepressants but also fundamental interventions. The development of a novel molecule based on thietane-containing heterocycles, merging the attributes of an antidepressant and an antiplatelet agent, holds promise for enhancing therapeutic efficacy in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents through multimodal action.

   Objective is to conduct a preclinical assessment of 4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1-(thietane-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-4-th bromide concerning model thrombosis in rats.

   Materials and Methods. The investigation involved the evaluation of thrombosis processes and the haemostasis system in rats subjected to complete occlusion of the inferior vena cava within 24 hours post-thrombosis induction. Techniques employed included thromboelastography, Born aggregometry, standard clotting assays to appraise the coagulation facet of haemostasis, and morphological examinations.

   Results. The results demonstrate that 4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1-(thietane-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-4-th bromide mitigates thrombosis mass, restores platelet hyper aggregation, and counters hypercoagulation observed in acute inferior vena cava thrombosis in rats. Comparative analysis with reference drugs substantiates the superior effectiveness of the chosen compound in thrombosis prevention.

   Conclusion. The preclinical investigation of 4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1-(thietane-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-4-th bromide unveils a fusion of established antidepressant and antithrombotic activities, laying groundwork for further drug development endeavours.
Features of the course and diagnosis of chronic sarcoidosis
Authors: Berg E. E. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Kudlay D. A. , Starshinova A. A.
Published: April 2024

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The annual incidence ranges from 1 to 15 per 100,000 population. Due to the lack of specific clinical features, the diagnosis of this disease is still challenging. The significant variability in clinical presentations and target organs, as well as concomitant diseases, greatly complicate the diagnostic search and make sarcoidosis a diagnosis of exclusion. This article discusses a clinical case of a patient with generalized chronic sarcoidosis and provides a review and analysis of the current literature on this issue. At the moment, there is no biomarker or combination of biomarkers that would reliably predict the development and spread of the pathological process.
Integral neuro-oncological diagnosis As the basis for personalized treatment Of brain tumors (on the example of gliomas In children)
Authors: Nazaralieva E. T. , Zabrodskaya Yu. M. , Gerasimov A. P. , Shevtsov M. A. , Nazaralieva E. T. , Kim A. V. , Djanaliev B. R. , Samochernykh K. A.
Published: April 2024

Brain tumors are the most common group of neoplasms in children, which is in the top-3 causes of infant mortality from oncopathology.

   The aim of the study is to make a literature review of modern approaches to the personalization of treatment of CNS tumors in children based on the study of molecular genetics, immunohistochemical and imagingт characteristics.

   The article provides a description of the most common types of neoplasms of the nervous system — low grade gliomas (LGG), high grade gliomas (HGG), mixed glioneural tumors, etc. The molecular genetics, immunohistochemical, visualization characteristics of each type of gliomas are described. Modern information on prognosis and treatment of tumors is also given in the publication. The prognosis of the course of LGG/GNT in children depends more often on the patient’s age, histology, and location of the tumor, as well as its molecular profile. Older patients have a more favorable prognosis than younger children. Well-visualized tumors located superficially have a better outcome than diffuse gliomas, as well as deeply located tumors. Detection of BRAF mutations and FGFR rearrangements may indicate a better prognosis than in the presence of SNV. Local mutations of BRAF with concomitant deletion of CDKN2A, as well as mutations with H3.3 pK27 are the most dangerous.
El Estrés Hídrico de Cultivos de Papa, Maíz y Arveja
Authors: Suárez Aguilar Zagalo Enrique , Sepúlveda Delgado Omaida
Published: April 2024

Se analiza la evapotranspiración de los cultivos de papa, maíz y alverja en la región central de Boyacá (Colombia) en condiciones estándar y bajo estrés hídrico para determinar requerimientos de agua y calendarios óptimos de siembra según los balances hídricos. El estudio comprendió la recolección y depuración de información que tiene mayor incidencia en estos fenómenos como las variables climatológicas, la fisiología de los cultivos y los tipos de suelo; se diseñaron y ajustaron modelos matemáticos que describen la evapotranspiración y las necesidades de agua, los cuales se implementaron computacionalmente a través de la simulación de todos los posibles cultivos objeto de estudio en el periodo de análisis de 1967 a 2019. Como resultados se determinaron los periodos críticos y se establecen las fechas de siembra óptimas para cada cultivo.
Colonización de Sustratos Artificiales por Macroinvertebrados: Un Enfoque para la Evaluación de la Calidad del Agua del Río la Vega en Tunja, Boyacá
Authors: Lopez Puentes Daniel , Hernandez Zambrano Laura , Gaona Neira Geidi , Tiguaque-Urbina Frank
Published: April 2024

Los macroinvertebrados son organismos utilizados en el monitoreo de la calidad del agua. Se evaluó la calidad ecológica del río La Vega a su paso por la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) a través del análisis de la colonización de sustratos artificiales por macroinvertebrados acuáticos. Se seleccionaron cinco puntos de muestreo, en donde se ubicaron dos ladrillos, uno de arcilla y uno madera, para permitir la colonización por estos organismos. En cada punto se realizó la recolección de macroinvertebrados, junto con la medición de variables fisicoquímicas y ambientales. Se destacan familias como Physidae, Polycentropodidae y Chironomidae, con una colonización notable en el ladrillo de madera debido a la mayor capacidad de adherencia proporcionada. Además, se encontró una fuerte correlación entre los macroinvertebrados y variables como intensidad lumínica, oxígeno disuelto, conductividad y profundidad del río. Finalmente se evidenció una mala calidad del agua en el río según el Índice Biótico Andino (ABI), posiblemente por la influencia de actividades antrópicas.
Clinical Legal Education and the Future of Pro-Bono in Nigeria: A Guarantee for Access to Justice for Accused Persons Awaiting Trial
Authors: Shaeeb Olajumoke , Aduak Yakusak , Chukwuemeka Matilda
Published: April 2024

The idea of access to justice is strongly related to the doctrine of the rule of law, and the effectiveness of a nation’s judicial system is mostly evaluated by its citizens' access to justice. Human rights are guaranteed and protected by instruments including the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended). However, when these rights are not protected (fair hearing, access to court) owing to financial constraints and lack of access to legal counsel, justice cannot be guaranteed. The large number of accused persons awaiting trial in Nigeria is ascribed to several factors, including missing files, inability to post a bond or provide surety, delay in the DPP's advice to the police over which case to pursue, the police's failure to promptly investigate and prosecute, among others. In Nigeria, despite the voluntary legal services provided by the government, lawyers, and clinical law students, the legal system towards indigents does not abate. This article explores the problems and potential solutions to providing increased legal aid services to accused persons awaiting trial in Nigeria. An interdisciplinary approach was adopted in this study, where primary data was gathered from prison visits made by Nigerian Law School, Yola Campus Law Clinic to the Yola and Jimeta medium security correctional centres. The barriers to accessing legal aid in light of the available legal aid services are critically examined here.
ChatGPT, I have a Legal Question? The Impact of Generative AI Tools on Law Clinics and Access to Justice
Authors: Ryan Francine , Hardie Liz
Published: April 2024

The launch of ChatGPT in November 2022 will perhaps be come to be one of the defining moments in our relationship with technology. The rapid pace in which generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is developing and the rate in which it is being adopted, is transforming how we interact with technology, and poses new risks and challenges. As GAI tools such as ChatGPT are used by non-lawyers, this article explores the implications of generative AI in the provision of legal advice. This research examines the performance of GAI tools in providing legal information and advice in response to commonly experienced legal problems and finds there are significant errors and mistakes with the responses it produces. There is a critical need to improve access to justice and this article explores the implications for non-lawyers in using GAI tools and considers the risks of reliance on GAI advice. The article goes on to examine the utility of generative AI in clinical legal education to consider whether there is a role for responsible use of GAI in law clinics. It suggests the adoption of GAI tools has the potential to increase the capacity of law clinics, and enhance employability skills, but law schools need to be cognisant of the risks of GAI.
Dark Triad, Motivation to Achieve Power and Social Value Orientation: A Study from Türkiye
Authors: Bolelli Murat , Ekizler Hüseyin
Published: April 2024

Purposes of this study are to examine the effects of Dark Triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy) on motivation to achieve power and motivation to achieve power on Social Value Orientation. Data is collected white collar employees of the companies operating in Turkiye with an online survey using convenience method for sampling. To measure research variables, Dirty Dozen Dark Triad Inventory, Motivation to Achieve Power Inventory and 9-item Triple Dominance Measure is used. CFA is performed to confirm the scales and examine their factor structures. The goodness of fit indices indicated an acceptable model fit. Path analysis is performed to examine the hypothesized structural model for effects of dark triad on motivation to achieve power. Results indicated narcissism has a significant and positive effect, Machiavellianism has a significant and negative effect on motivation to achieve power. On the other hand, psychopathy is found to have an insignificant effect on motivation to achieve power. Logistic regression analysis is conducted to examine if motivation to achieve power effect likelihood of occurring different types of social value orientation. Results suggested otherwise. The implications of the results are discussed and future research areas are suggested.
Hastanelerde Tıbbi Malzeme Envanter Yönetiminin Etkinliğinin Artırılması: ABC-VED-FNS Matris Analizi Uygulaması
Authors: Durmuş Alkan
Published: April 2024

Envanter kontrolü, kaliteli stoğun doğru miktarda, doğru yerde ve zamanda ve doğru maliyetle bulunmasını sağlayarak herhangi bir sağlık kuruluşunun sorunsuz işleyişini ve hizmet sunumunu sağlamada çok önemli bir rol oynar. Etkili envanter kontrolü sağlamak için, uygulanabilirlik açısından her birinin kendi güçlü ve zayıf yönleri olan çeşitli teknikler mevcuttur. Sağlık kuruluşlarında envanterin etkin yönetimini sağlamak için ABC analizi, VED analizi, ABC-VED matrisi, FSN analizi gibi envanter kontrol teknikleri mevcuttur. Uygun tekniğin seçilmesi, stok düzeylerini optimize etmeye, maliyetleri en aza indirmeye ve genel hizmet sunumunu iyileştirmeye yardımcı olabilir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, hastanenin tıbbi malzeme deposunda envanter yönetimini geliştirmek amacıyla stok tutma birimlerini kategorize etmek için farklı yöntemleri araştırmaktır. Sınıflandırma tekniklerinin seçimi, ilgili literatürün gözden geçirilmesine ve bunların kullanılabilirliğine dayanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, yönetim kontrolü, öncelik ve yenileme aralıkları gerektiren malzeme türlerin belirlemek ve ayrıca ABC-VED-FNS matrisinin hastanelerde etkin ve verimli envanter kontrolü için uygun olup olmadığını değerlendirmektir. Sonuçlar, oluşturulan ABC-VED-FSN matrisinin tıbbi malzeme envanterindeki geniş ürün yelpazesini ve envanterin büyük bir kısmının Kategori I'de bulunan malzemelerden oluştuğunu açıkça gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, Kategori I malzemelerinin toplam harcamada ve tüketimde yüksek oranlara sahip olması, tıbbi malzemelerin büyük bir kısmının bu kategoride yoğunlaştığını vurgulamaktadır. Bu bulgular, envanter yönetimi stratejilerinin bu kritik malzemelere odaklanarak daha etkin ve verimli bir şekilde yönlendirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.