bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Red and Yellow cards on team performance in elite soccer
Authors: Badiella Llorenç , Puig Pedro , Lago-Peñas Carlos , Casals Martí
Published: May 2022

The aim of the current study is to analyze the effects of red and yellow cards on the scoring rate in elite soccer. The sample was composed of 1826 matches in the top five European leagues. All events were structured in 5-min intervals and were analyzed by means of a Generalized Linear Mixed Model with Poisson distribution, considering the presence of correlated data, where the dependent variable is represented by scoring rate. Team strength and home advantage were considered implicitly by means of a transformation of the betting odds for each game. The model also took into account the goal difference and time evolution. Overall, we found that after a sending off, each team’s scoring rate changes significantly, damaging the penalised team and favouring its opponent. When the player who is sent off belongs to the Away team, the impact of a red card is more or less maintained over time intervals. The red card effect, on the other hand, tends to fade over time when the affected team is stronger. The relative difference in scoring rates is also affected by the goal difference and the difference in booked players, being slightly lower for the team going ahead if it has more booked players. Our approach allows estimating the expected cumulative soring rate through time for various red card scenarios. Particularly if a red card is given with 30 min of remaining time, the expected impact is 0.39 goals if the guilty player is on the visiting team and 0.50 if he plays for the home team. Coaches and analysts could use this information to establish objectives for players and teams in training and matches and to be prepared for these very different scenarios of numerical superiority or inferiority.
Tailoring the properties of nanocellulose-sepiolite hybrid nanopapers by varying the nanocellulose type and clay content
Authors: Martín-Sampedro Raquel , Eugenio María E. , Ibarra David , Ruiz-Hitzky Eduardo , Aranda Pilar , Darder Margarita
Published: May 2022

The development of nanocellulose-clay materials resulted of great relevance, as it opened up the applications of nanocellulose, but it still requires new approaches that could contribute to improve the preparation procedures and the features of this type of biohybrid materials. In this context, nanocellulose-sepiolite (NC-S) biocomposite foams and films have already been successfully tested for some applications. However, the influence of the nanocellulose properties on sepiolite-cellulose interactions, and consequently on the final properties and potential applications of NC-S biohybrid materials, has not been previously studied. To address this knowledge gap, four kinds of nanocelluloses produced from elm biomass (non-chemically pretreated lignocellulose and bleached cellulose nanofibers (LCNFs and CNFs, respectively), TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)) were characterized and used to develop NC-S nanopapers. A stronger interaction was found between sepiolite and negatively charged nanocelluloses (TOCNFs and CNCs), improving their thermal stability and mechanical properties by increasing the sepiolite content. Furthermore, the type of nanocellulose and the sepiolite content could be adjusted to tune the flammability, water permeability and mechanical and optical properties of the NC-S nanopapers.

Graphical abstract
Microstructure and properties of CoCrFeNi-based multi-principal element alloys containing C and Sc
Authors: He Mengwei , Eizadjou Mehdi , Chen Hansheng , Liu Hongwei , Chang Li , Ringer Simon P.
Published: May 2022

A series of novel CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloys containing Sc and C were designed. These HEAs exhibited hardness, fracture toughness and wear resistance comparable or better than a range of selected benchmark systems. Microstructurally, we observed composite microstructures comprising variously a Sc-rich intermetallic phase, a sigma phase and an FCC solid solution phase within which precipitated M23C6 carbides. The Sc-rich intermetallic phase possessed a stoichiometry close to (Co, M)2(Sc, M), where M = Ni and Fe. As the carbon content increased, the hardness levels ‘softened’ from 799 VHN (C-free) to 674 VHN (C = 4 at.%), though the fracture toughness was increased ~ 112%. At the same time, the specific wear rate was enhanced from 0.33 × 10−3 to 0.14 × 10−3 mm3·(N m)−1. The effectiveness of these microstructures in balancing high hardness, crack deflection and a relatively low wear rate was attributed to the enhanced stability of the FCC solid phase as the C content was increased.

Graphical abstract
Electrocatalytic layers for hydrogen evolution reaction based on nickel phosphides: cost-effective fabrication and XPS characterization
Authors: Bernasconi Roberto , Khalil Mohammed Ibrahim , Cakmakci Dogukan Selahattin , Bektas Yagmur , Nobili Luca , Magagnin Luca , Lenardi Cristina
Published: May 2022

The development of efficient electrocatalysts based on Pt-free materials is a crucial step for the maturation of competitive water splitting technologies able to sustain the upcoming hydrogen-based economy. In this context, the present work optimizes a codeposition/annealing methodology to produce electrocatalytic layers for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) based on one of the most promising alternatives to Pt-based catalysts: nickel phosphides. A nickel–phosphorus solid solution is codeposited with red phosphorus microparticles and the obtained composites are annealed to promote interdiffusion and reaction between nickel and phosphorus. The experimentation carried out demonstrates that the properties of the final phosphide layers depend on the conditions employed in both the codeposition step and the annealing step. It is fundamental to evaluate and optimize the NiP/P codeposition process, and it is also important to understand the influence of annealing time and temperature on the microstructure and HER performance of the layers obtained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is employed to evaluate the phase composition at the surface, highlighting the presence of a top layer characterized by a Ni2P/Ni12P5 ratio significantly lower than the value found in the bulk of the coating. Annealed NiP/P layers are tested for HER in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution. The tests demonstrate a clear correlation between the Ni2P/Ni12P5 ratio on the surface and the overpotential for HER. Coherently, when the outer Ni12P5-rich layer is mechanically removed, lower overpotentials are observed (169.5 mV vs. RHE for 10 mA cm−2).
Stress Mindset and Social Identification in Chronic Pain Patients and Their Relationship to Coping, Well-Being & Depression
Authors: Grünenwald Isabel , Kaluza Antonia J. , Schultze Martin , van Dick Rolf
Published: May 2022

We predicted that chronic pain patients have a more negative stress mindset and a lower level of social identification than people without chronic pain and that this, in turn, influences well-being through less adaptive coping. 1240 participants (465 chronic pain patients; 775 people in the control group) completed a cross-sectional online-survey. Chronic pain patients had a more negative stress mindset and a lower level of social identification than people without chronic pain. However, a positive stress mindset was linked to better well-being and fewer depressive symptoms, through the use of the adaptive coping behaviors positive reframing and active coping. A higher level of social identification did not impact well-being or depression through the use of instrumental and emotional support coping, but through the more frequent use of positive reframing and active coping. For chronic pain therapy, we propose including modules that foster social identification and a positive stress mindset.
Slow Grow-up in a Quasilinear Keller–Segel System
Authors: Winkler Michael
Published: May 2022

In a ball $$\Omega =B_R(0)\subset \mathbb {R}^n$$

Ω
=

B
R

(
0
)

⊂

R

n

, $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, the chemotaxis system $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l}u_t = \nabla \cdot \big ( D(u) \nabla u \big ) - \nabla \cdot \big ( uS(u)\nabla v\big ), \\ 0 = \Delta v - \mu + u, \qquad \mu =\frac{1}{|\Omega |} \int _\Omega u, \end{array} \right. \qquad \qquad (\star ) \end{aligned}$$

u
t

=
∇
·

(

D

(
u
)

∇
u

)

-
∇
·

(

u
S

(
u
)

∇
v

)

,

0
=
Δ
v
-
μ
+
u
,

μ
=

1

|
Ω
|

∫
Ω

u
,

(
⋆
)

is considered under no-flux boundary conditions, with a focus on nonlinearities $$S\in C^2([0,\infty ))$$

S
∈

C
2

(

[
0
,
∞
)

)

which exhibit super-algebraically fast decay in the sense that with some $$K_S>0, \beta \in [0,1)$$

K
S

>
0
,
β
∈

[
0
,
1
)

and $$\xi _0>0$$

ξ
0

>
0

, $$\begin{aligned} S(\xi )>0 \quad \text{ and } \quad S'(\xi ) \le -K_S\xi ^{-\beta } S(\xi ) \qquad \text{ for } \text{ all } \xi \ge \xi _0. \end{aligned}$$

S

(
ξ
)

>
0

and

S
′

(
ξ
)

≤
-

K
S

ξ

-
β

S

(
ξ
)

for

all

ξ
≥

ξ
0

.

It is, inter alia, shown that if furthermore $$D\in C^2((0,\infty ))$$

D
∈

C
2

(

(
0
,
∞
)

)

is positive and suitably small in relation to S by satisfying $$\begin{aligned} \frac{\xi S(\xi )}{D(\xi )} \ge K_{SD}\xi ^\lambda \qquad \text{ for } \text{ all } \xi \ge \xi _0 \end{aligned}$$

ξ
S
(
ξ
)

D
(
ξ
)

≥

K

SD

ξ
λ

for

all

ξ
≥

ξ
0

with some $$K_{SD}>0$$

K

SD

>
0

and $$\lambda >\frac{2}{n}$$

λ
>

2
n

, then throughout a considerably large set of initial data, ($$\star $$
⋆
) admits global classical solutions (u, v) fulfilling $$\begin{aligned} \frac{z(t)}{C} \le \Vert u(\cdot ,t)\Vert _{L^\infty (\Omega )} \le Cz(t) \qquad \text{ for } \text{ all } t>0, \end{aligned}$$

z
(
t
)

C

≤

‖
u

(
·
,
t
)

‖

L
∞

(
Ω
)

≤
C
z

(
t
)

for

all

t
>
0
,

with some $$C=C^{(u,v)}\ge 1$$

C
=

C

(
u
,
v
)

≥
1

, where z denotes the solution of $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l}z'(t) = z^2(t) \cdot S\big ( z(t)\big ), \qquad t>0, \\ z(0)=\xi _0, \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

z
′

(
t
)

=

z
2

(
t
)

·
S

(

z

(
t
)

)

,

t
>
0
,

z

(
0
)

=

ξ
0

,

which is seen to exist globally, and to satisfy $$z(t)\rightarrow +\infty $$

z
(
t
)
→
+
∞

as $$t\rightarrow \infty $$

t
→
∞

. As particular examples, exponentially and doubly exponentially decaying S are found to imply corresponding infinite-time blow-up properties in ($$\star $$
⋆
) at logarithmic and doubly logarithmic rates, respectively.
An analysis of net-outcome contracting with applications to equity-based compensation
Authors: Hofmann Christian , Huddart Steven , Pfeiffer Thomas
Published: May 2022

Options, restricted stock, bonuses tied to total shareholder return, and similar equity-based compensation contracts stipulate payments that depend on stock price. Any such contract is a function of shareholder value net of the compensation payment, because stock price (1) is proportional to this net value or “net outcome” and (2) anticipates compensation-related payments and dilution. The net outcome, in turn, is reduced by the payment and so depends on the contract. Standard moral hazard analyses, wherein contractual payments are based on the gross outcome before any payment to the agent, overlook this dependency. We characterize the optimal net-outcome contract, describe its shape and pay-for-performance sensitivity, contrast it with the optimal gross-outcome contract, and discuss implications for equity-based compensation arrangements.
A nonlinear dynamic approach to cash flow forecasting
Authors: Pang Yang , Shi Shimeng , Shi Yukun , Zhao Yang
Published: May 2022

We propose a novel grey-box model to capture the nonlinearity and the dynamics of cash flow model parameters. The grey-box model retains a simple white-box model structure, while their parameters are modelled as a black-box with a Padé approximant as a functional form. The growth rate of sales and firm age are used as exogenous variables because they are considered to have explanatory power for the parameter process. Panel data estimation methods are applied to investigate whether they outperform the pooled regression, which is widely used in the extant literature. We use the U.S. dataset to evaluate the performance of various models in predicting cash flow. Two performance measures are selected to compare the out-of-sample predictive power of the models. The results suggest that the proposed grey-box model can offer superior performance, especially in multi-period-ahead predictions.
Effect of carboxylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid as anchoring groups on Coumarin 6 dye for dye-sensitized solar cells: DFT and TD-DFT study
Authors: Saad Ebied Mostafa , Dongol Mahmoud , Ibrahim Medhat , Nassary Mohammed , Elnobi Sahar , Abuelwafa Amr Attia
Published: May 2022

Starting with Coumarin-6 dye, two novel D-π-A organic dyes C6X and C6N have been designed by attaching carboxylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid groups as anchoring groups to Coumarn-6 dye, respectively, to understand their potential use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The electronic structure and photophysical and photovoltaic properties of the novel designed dyes were studied using density functional theory DFT and time-dependent density functional theory TD-DFT with the Becke3-Parameter-Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) functional and the 6-31G (d, p) basis set. Optimized structure and electronic properties (highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), and energy difference (Eg) between HOMO and LUMO) were calculated showing that C6N has the smallest band gap with the larger absorption region. Density of states (DOS), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, non-linear optical (NLO) properties, UV–vis spectra, as well as some crucial parameters affecting the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs, such as light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), electron injection driving force (ΔGinject), dye regeneration driving force(ΔGreg), and the excited state life time(τe), were calculated to study the effect of the anchoring group on the DSSC performance. Additionally, the adsorption of C6X and C6N dyes on the TiO2 anatase (101) surface and the mechanism of electron injection were also investigated using a dye–(TiO2)9 cluster model using TD-B3LYP calculation. The calculated adsorption energies of the dyes suggest a strong adsorption of dyes to a TiO2 surface. The results show that C6N may be theoretically a good candidate as sensitizer of DSSC application.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation/behavior: The moderating effects of positive mental health and social support among Iranian and German students
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Naghavi Azam , Asgari Zahra , Grundei Lena , Brailovskaia Julia
Published: May 2022

Suicidal ideation and behavior are common in those suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The present study investigated factors buffering the association between PTSD symptoms and suicidal ideation/behavior. A total of 571 Iranian students and 421 German students took part in the investigation. Social support and positive mental health (PMH) were considered as resilience factors moderating the association between PTSD symptoms and suicide ideation/behavior within both samples. PMH moderated the impact of PTSD symptoms on suicidal ideation/behavior in Iranian and German students. Social support moderated the impact of PTSD symptoms on suicidal ideation/behavior in Iranian students only. Positive mental health and perceived social support seem to confer resilience and should be taken into account, when assessing individuals for suicide risk.
Experimental investigation of electric propulsion systems using C12A7 electride hollow cathodes
Authors: Gondol Norman , Tajmar Martin
Published: May 2022

The development and experimental investigation of two low-power electric propulsion concepts using compact heaterless C12A7 electride (C12A7:e-) hollow cathodes is presented. The first concept represents an electrothermal thruster, in which a cathode discharge is used to heat a gas that is subsequently accelerated in a nozzle-shaped anode. The second propulsion system is an attempt to develop a sub-500 W magnetoplasmadynamic thruster (MPDT) that uses a rectangular discharge channel that allows to increase the applied magnetic field and thus lower the necessary discharge current. Extensive parameter studies with both concepts were conducted, and the thrust and discharge properties of different geometric and operational configurations were determined. This work is a follow-up publication of a previous paper (Gondol and Tajmar in CEAS Space J 14:65–77, 2021).
Self-tracking of daily physical activity using a fitness tracker and the effect of the 10,000 steps goal
Authors: Utesch Till , Piesch Ludwig , Busch Lena , Strauss Bernd , Geukes Katharina
Published: May 2022

Activity self-tracking technologies have become a popular tool for monitoring physical activity, used to assist individuals in increasing physical activity. Previous findings, however, are inconclusive on whether standalone activity self-tracking, alone or in combination with a step goal, is efficient in encouraging physical activity behavior. This study aimed at investigating the effects of mere activity self-tracking and activity self-tracking with a daily 10,000 steps goal on physical activity levels in a randomized-controlled parallel group trial (N = 150; mean age= 24.66, standard deviation = 4.75), using a publicly available fitness tracker and associated smartphone application. Two experimental groups, one of which without and the other with step goal, recorded daily physical activity (daily step count) via a fitness tracker wearable and associated smartphone application and via daily self-reports of activity over the course of 6 weeks. An unequipped control group recorded physical activity only via daily self-reports. Both experimental groups were compared against each other based on step count data, and against the control group based on daily self-reports of activity. Results of mixed-effect multilevel analyses suggest that activity tracking using fitness trackers and externally assigned goals do not drive greater physical activity behavior. Rather, results indicate substantial individual differences that should be targeted in future studies to better understand individual behavioral processes boosting or hindering daily activity.
The Role of Likeability in Discriminating Between Kindness and Compassion
Authors: Kirby James N. , Gerrish Ruby , Sherwell Chase , Gilbert Paul
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Kindness and compassion are prosocial constructs aimed at benefiting others, with the former focused on happiness and the latter on suffering. Despite these distinctly different motivations, kindness and compassion are often used interchangeably. If compassion and kindness are different processes, they should respond differently to the same facilitators and inhibitors, with a key moderator being likeability.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional survey design to examine whether a target that differed in terms of likeability (liked versus disliked) influenced willingness to engage in kind acts compared to compassionate acts, and the emotional patterns experienced. We recruited 150 participants (83 men, 66 women, 1 other; Mage = 27.85, SD = 10.21) using an online survey platform.

Results

Participants reported less willingness to engage in acts of kindness compared to acts of compassion regardless of target likeability. However, this reduction in willingness was markedly greater for disliked targets. Compassionate acts towards liked targets were associated with significantly higher levels of negative emotions (e.g., irritation, sadness, anger, anxiety, and disgust) when compared to kind acts. Conversely, compassionate acts towards disliked targets elicited less feelings of irritation and anger compared to kind acts.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that kindness and compassion result from separable motivational systems, differing in both the emotions elicited and the willingness to act. Reluctance in helping disliked others is reduced when the action is aimed at reducing suffering.
On the Michor–Mumford phenomenon in the infinite dimensional Heisenberg group
Authors: Magnani Valentino , Tiberio Daniele
Published: May 2022

In the infinite dimensional Heisenberg group, we construct a left invariant weak Riemannian metric that gives a degenerate geodesic distance. The same construction yields a degenerate sub-Riemannian distance. We show how the standard notion of sectional curvature adapts to our framework, but it cannot be defined everywhere and it is unbounded on suitable sequences of planes. The vanishing of the distance precisely occurs along this sequence of planes, so that the degenerate Riemannian distance appears in connection with an unbounded sectional curvature. In the 2005 paper by Michor and Mumford, this phenomenon was first observed in some specific Fréchet manifolds.
Design of a three-nozzle for air spraying based on jet interference effect and numerical study of spraying process
Authors: Xie Xiao-Peng , Wang Yin-An
Published: May 2022

Due to the problems of many round-trip time and low spraying efficiency when using single-nozzle, a three-nozzle structure is studied in this paper. The spraying process is numerically simulated by the method of computational fluid dynamics. The discrete phase model is used to predict the trajectory of droplets. The interference flow field is formed due to the entrainment of jet. Paint droplets are transported to the target under the action of gas flow field. The geometry of three-nozzle has a significant influence on the characteristics of the interference flow field. The influence of different distance (L) and axis angle (θ) between two adjacent paint holes on the interference gas flow field and coating thickness distribution are analyzed by changing the structure of three-nozzle. Numerical simulation results show that small L and θ result in strong interference effect, while the paint is mainly concentrated in the central region of the target, which is easy to cause overspray. With the gradual increase of L and θ, the strength of interference gradually decreases and the paint gradually spreads to both sides. However, the strength of interference would become very small when L and θ get too large, which is easy to cause an uneven coating film. According to the numerical simulation results, the best spraying effect can be obtained when L = 40 mm and θ = 30°. Compared with single-nozzle and double-nozzle, the effective coating film width of three-nozzle has increased by 414.3% and 176.9%, respectively, which improves the spraying efficiency.

Article Highlights

For the problem of low efficiency of single nozzle, this paper studies a three-nozzle based on jet interference effect.

The coating film thickness distribution model is established based on numerical simulation, which avoids expensive and time-consuming experiments.

Compared with single-nozzle and double-nozzle, the effective film width of three-nozzle has increased by 414.3% and 176.9%, respectively, which improved the spraying efficiency
Several key issues for CCUS development in China targeting carbon neutrality
Authors: Jiutian Zhang , Zhiyong Wang , Jia-Ning Kang , Xiangjing Song , Dong Xu
Published: May 2022

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), as a technology with large-scale emission reduction potential, has been widely developed all over the world. In China, CCUS development achieved fruitful outcomes. CCUS gained further broad attention from the announcement of the carbon neutrality target by 2060, as CCUS is an indispensable important technology to realize carbon neutrality. It helps not only to build zero-emission and more resilient energy and industry systems but also provides negative emission potential. This paper discusses the new demand for carbon capture, utilization, and storage development brought by the carbon neutrality target analyzes the development status. As there remain various challenges of CCUS development, this paper focuses on several key issues for CCUS development in China targeting carbon neutrality: 1) how to reposition the role of CCUS under the carbon neutral target? 2) how shall we understand the technology development status and the costs? 3) what role shall utilization and storage play in future? 4) potential strategy applied to solve challenges of source-sink mismatch and resources constraints; and 5) new business model that suits large scale deployment of CCUS. This paper puts forward several policy suggestions that should be focused on now in China, especially to raise awareness under the vision of carbon neutrality that the role and contribution of CCUS are different, to accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive and systematic enabling environment for CCUS.
Undergraduate and Instructor Perspectives on Learning in First-Year Mathematics Courses in the United States: A Case Study in Calculus
Authors: Hauk Shandy , Hsu Pao-sheng
Published: May 2022

This paper reports on post-secondary student and instructor perceptions of teaching practices they see as supporting student success in calculus. The study used a mixed-methods design, combining survey, classroom observation, and interviews. Analysis identified two central clusters of survey response, each aligned with one of two well-specified aspects of self-regulation: coping intention or learning intention. In the coping intention factor, students sought supports to reduce uncertainty, such as having precise instructions and predictable question types on tests. Interview analysis offered insight into ways of coping in situations that students experienced as high-stakes—where the goal of self-regulation was to survive. The learning intention factor included student reports on knowledge of the prerequisite mathematics for the course and assertions that they had responsibility for their learning (rather than assigning it to the instructor). Interviews shed light on how students managed responsibility and motivation in the context of being challenged in mathematics learning. Implications for future research and for instruction attend to the complex dynamics of cognition, affect, motivation, and regulation in the teaching and learning of calculus.
Lost in machine translation: The promises and pitfalls of machine translation for multilingual group work in global health education
Authors: Hill David C. , Gombay Christy , Sanchez Otto , Woappi Bethel , Romero Vélez Andrea S. , Davidson Stuart , Richardson Emma Z. L.
Published: May 2022

The rapid adoption of online technologies to deliver postsecondary education amid the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the potential for online learning, as well as important equity gaps to be addressed. For over ten years, McMaster University has delivered graduate global health education through a blended-learning approach. In partnership with universities in the Netherlands, India, Thailand, Norway, Colombia, and Sudan, experts from across the Consortium deliver lectures online to students around the world. In 2020, two courses were piloted with small groups of students from Canada and Colombia using machine translation supported by bilingual tutors. Students met weekly via video conferencing software, speaking in English and Spanish and relying on machine translation software to transcribe and translate for group members. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with students, tutors, and instructors to explore how artificial intelligence can be harnessed to integrate multilingual group work into course offerings, challenging the dominant use of English as the principal language of instruction in global health education. Findings highlight the potential for machine translation to bridge language divides, while also underscoring several key limitations of currently available technology. Further research is needed to investigate the potential for machine translation in facilitating multilingual online education as a pathway to more equitable and inclusive online learning environments.
Does it Matter Who You Feel Sexually Aroused By? Associations Between Sexual Arousal, Relationship Quality, and Sexual Satisfaction
Authors: Lawless Nicholas J. , Karantzas Gery C. , Mullins Ellie R. , McCabe Marita P.
Published: May 2022

Background

Despite its integral role in normative sexual functioning, there is a dearth of research into the role of subjective sexual arousal within romantic relationships.

Aim

The current proof-of-concept study addresses this gap by investigating the associations between partner-induced sexual arousal, sexual arousal induced by others, and sexual satisfaction and relationship quality.

Methods

One hundred and sixteen heterosexual couples who had been together for an average of three and a half years completed an online survey. An Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelling framework was applied to analyze the dyadic data.

Outcomes

Participants completed the Perceived Relationship Quality Components (PRQC) Inventory and a single item global measure of sexual satisfaction derived for the current study.

Results

Feeling sexually aroused by one's romantic partner was positively associated with one's own sexual satisfaction and relationship quality. However, feeling sexually aroused by people other than one's romantic partner was negatively associated with one's own sexual satisfaction and relationship quality. These associations were found for both men and women.

Clinical Translation

Therapists and practitioners may need to place an emphasis on using strategies and techniques that specifically facilitate or heighten partner-induced sexual arousal, whilst helping couples to move away from those behaviors and situations which typically lead to sexual arousal induced by those other than their partner.

Strengths & Limitations

This proof-of-concept study provides novel findings that address the absence of research investigating the associations between sexual arousal and outcomes in romantic relationships. The well-powered dyadic study design enabled a rigorous test of the hypotheses. However, the study was cross-sectional in nature, the sample was somewhat homogenous, and assessments included brief measures of sexual arousal and sexual satisfaction.

Conclusion

The findings offer the first evidence to suggest that partner-induced sexual arousal and non–partner-induced sexual arousal have differential effects in terms of sexual satisfaction and relationship quality. This not only has a raft of clinical implications, but it provides the basis for several important avenues of future research on the role of subjective sexual arousal in romantic relationships.
A spacetime formulation for unsteady aerodynamics with geometry and topology changes
Authors: Flamarique Ederra I. , Rendall T. C. S. , Gaitonde A. L. , Jones D. , Allen C. B.
Published: May 2022

A spacetime formulation is presented to solve unsteady aerodynamic problems involving large deformation or topological change such as store separation, slat and flap deployment or spoiler deflection. This technique avoids complex CFD meshing methods, such as Chimera, by the use of a finite-volume approach both in space and time, and permits a locally varying real timestep. The use of a central-difference scheme in the time direction can yield non-physical transient solutions as a consequence of information travelling backwards in time. Therefore, an upwind formulation is provided and validated against one-dimensional and two-dimensional test cases. A hybrid formulation (central in space, upwind in time) is also given and unsteady cases are computed for a spoiler and spoiler/flap deployment, with all three formulations compared, demonstrating that the use of an upwind time stencil yields more representative physical solutions and improves the rate of convergence.
Monitoring disparities in healthcare-associated infection surveillance: A SHEA Research Network (SRN) Survey
Authors: McGrath Caitlin , Deloney Valerie , Logan Latania , Rubin Lorry , Ravin Karen , Muller Martha , Bartlett Allison , De St Maurice Annabelle , Linam Matthew , Caughell Carolyn , Ramirez Lynn
Published: May 2022

Background: Inequities are seen in many health-related outcomes, and systemic and structural factors result in inequitable care based on social determinants of health (SDOH). However, whether disparities exist specifically in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) based on these factors has not been well described. Furthermore, there are no national standards on whether information related to equity and SDOH should be included in HAI surveillance and how such information could be used. Methods: We surveyed US members of the SHEA Research Network (SRN), a consortium of healthcare facilities with leaders interested in healthcare epidemiology and infection prevention, via an online REDCap survey from October to December 2021. Results: Of the 68 eligible US SRN facilities, 28 (41%) responded. Among them, 27 institutions provide direct patient care and were analyzed. Of these 27 facilities, 8 (30%) collected data regarding variables related to equity including language for care, race or ethnicity, insurance status, and other. Of these faclilities, 38% are collecting but not otherwise using this information; other facilities use this information for a variety of reporting and intervention purposes (Fig. 2). Only 3 facilities (11%) analyzed whether disparities exist in any HAI rates. The most common barrier to collecting SDOH information is that facilities have not considered doing this work (Fig. 3). Of the 15 facilities not yet undertaking such work, 10 (67%) were interested in doing so. Specific recommendations about how to operationalize such collection are needed (Table 1). Conclusions: Most institutions in this sample are not collecting data that would allow for assessment of disparities in the rates of HAIs; however, there is interest in doing so. A minority of early adopter facilities are assessing whether disparities exist and are designing interventions. National guidance can play a key role in standardizing the collection of this information and translating early findings to identify and subsequently improve disparities within HAIs.

Funding: None

Disclosures: None
Multiphase flow applications of nonintrusive reduced-order models with Gaussian process emulation
Authors: Botsas Themistoklis , Pan Indranil , Mason Lachlan R. , Matar Omar K.
Published: May 2022

Reduced-order models (ROMs) are computationally inexpensive simplifications of high-fidelity complex ones. Such models can be found in computational fluid dynamics where they can be used to predict the characteristics of multiphase flows. In previous work, we presented a ROM analysis framework that coupled compression techniques, such as autoencoders, with Gaussian process regression in the latent space. This pairing has significant advantages over the standard encoding–decoding routine, such as the ability to interpolate or extrapolate in the initial conditions’ space, which can provide predictions even when simulation data are not available. In this work, we focus on this major advantage and show its effectiveness by performing the pipeline on three multiphase flow applications. We also extend the methodology by using deep Gaussian processes as the interpolation algorithm and compare the performance of our two variations, as well as another variation from the literature that uses long short-term memory networks, for the interpolation.
The use of recommended interviewing practices by novice engineering designers to elicit information during requirements development
Authors: Mohedas Ibrahim , Daly Shanna R. , Loweth Robert P. , Huynh Linh , Cravens Grace L. , Sienko Kathleen H.
Published: May 2022

Effective stakeholder interviewing is a critical component of a design process. However, interviewing is a complex skill that is difficult for novice designers to learn and incorporate into their design practices. Few studies have investigated how novice designers apply recommended practices for interviewing stakeholders during the development of product requirements. In this research, we studied how novice designers elicited information to inform the development of product requirements during stakeholder interviews. Results included the establishment of a coding methodology developed from a systematic literature review of recommended interviewing practices that was used to reliably evaluate the use of recommended practices in novice designers’ interviews. A correlation existed between the use of recommended practices and the extent to which information gathered from interviews was incorporated into the requirements. Additionally, specific recommended practices, such as encouraging deep thinking and being flexible and opportunistic, differentiated performance among novice designers. The coding methodology could be adapted to guide the development of stakeholder interview protocols and assessment of design interview skills.
Reduced melatonin levels may facilitate glioblastoma initiation in the subventricular zone
Authors: Ghareghani Majid , Zibara Kazem , Reiter Russel J. , Rivest Serge
Published: May 2022

There is increasing evidence that glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain tumour, originates from a neural stem cell (NSC) located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral cerebral ventricle. Using the most advanced in vivo imaging techniques, Gengatharan and colleagues recently identified a day/night difference in the adult SVZ-NSC division. They reported that the circadian melatonin rhythm and its receptor control the day/night difference in NSC division with high mitotic activity during the day and low activity at night. Expression of melatonin and its receptor diminishes during ageing, which eliminates the regulatory effect of melatonin on NSC mitosis. Moreover, the circadian melatonin rhythm is dampened by light-at-night with the potential of altering the circadian mitotic cycle of NSC in the SVZ. Also, men with a lower melatonin amplitude than women exhibit a 60% higher rate of glioblastoma incidence. Given that ageing contributes significantly to glioblastoma initiation and progression, we suggest that the decline in circadian melatonin synthesis and release as well as its receptors in the SVZ, which also diminish with an ageing act in concert with other factors to facilitate glioblastoma initiation and growth.
Reaching for allies? The dialectics and overlaps between international relations and area studies in the study of politics, security and conflicts
Authors: D'Amato Silvia , Dian Matteo , Russo Alessandra
Published: May 2022

This article sets the scene for the Special Issue ‘Reaching for allies?’ by setting out the research questions and structure of the Special Issue. Specifically, this introduction reviews the state of the art of dialectics interweaving International Relations and Area Studies. Specifically, it focuses on tracing the genealogy of these debates, identifying the actors engaged with them, as well as, mapping those sites where such transdisciplinary knowledge is produced and circulated. We also provide an assessment of the interaction between the two disciplinary traditions as scholarly disciplines by reviewing the field as it had developed in the last decade since 2013. In order to do so, we present data on the brokers of this dialogue by analysing top-ranked Journals across regions, dedicated Special Issues on the matter as well as main international conferences and participants. Overall, this article provides a threefold contribution: first, we provide an account of the globalization of knowledge production and circulation that has also increasingly decentred, valuing local peculiarities and epistemological traditions beyond the Western academia(s). Second, we assess and discuss how Western and non-Western academics have contoured concepts which demand and entail site-intensive techniques of enquiry, exposure to complexities on the grounds, ethnographic sensitivity, and, at the same time, comparative endeavours going beyond area specialisms. Third, by looking at international and regional policy-making milieus with attention to context-specificity, we believe critical policy-relevant implications can be discussed, specifically in relation to local ownership and bottom-up approaches.
Role of the hierarchy of coherent structures in the transport of heavy small particles in turbulent channel flow
Authors: Motoori Yutaro , Wong ChiKuen , Goto Susumu
Published: May 2022

To investigate the transport of heavy small particles (inertial particles) in high-Reynolds- number wall turbulence, we conduct direct numerical simulations of inertial particles in turbulent channel flow at the friction Reynolds number

$Re_\tau =1000$

. In the statistically steady state, particles distribute inhomogeneously; particles with different relaxation times form voids with different sizes in the bulk of the flow, whereas they form streak-like clusters with different widths along the streamwise direction. To explore the origin of the multiscale voids and clusters of particles, we identify objectively the axes of tubular vortices and the spines of streaks with different sizes. These identifications enable us to show quantitatively that (i) vortices sweep out the particles of the relaxation time comparable with their turnover time, irrespective of their size and existing height, and that, among these particles, (ii) those swept out by wall-detached tubular vortices form clusters isotropically around them, whereas (iii) those swept out by wall-attached vortices are attracted by a nearby low-speed streak. These explain the reason why the multiscale clusterings are well described in terms of the local Stokes number defined by the turnover time of multiscale vortices. Furthermore, these descriptions of the particle transport give us a clear view to understand velocity statistics and wall-deposition mechanism of inertial particles in high-Reynolds-number wall turbulence.
Coping with organizational crisis: buffering effects of organization sector prototypicality and employee organizational identification
Authors: Pugliese Erica , Pica Gennaro , Bonaiuto Flavia , Ganucci Cancellieri Uberta , van Knippenberg Daan , Bonaiuto Marino
Published: May 2022

We explored the interactive role of an organization's sector prototypicality (the extent to which the organization embodies the prototype of its market sector) and employees' identification with their organization in buffering crises' negative effects on perceived organizational performance. We propose (1) that highly prototypical organizations are perceived as more able to cope with organizational crisis, because of their capacity to reduce the threat associated with crisis, and (2) that this effect is augmented when employees more strongly identify with their organization, presumably because of a higher trust in the organization's capacity to efficiently cope with crisis. Findings from two studies confirmed the hypotheses, by manipulating (study 1) and measuring (study 2) organizational crisis and the organization's sector prototypicality, and by focusing on potential employees (study 1) and on employees of a company facing a financial crisis (study 2). Theoretical and applied implications of results are discussed.
Producing Kartinka: Street-Level Bureaucracy and Implementation of Russia’s Tolerance Policy in St. Petersburg
Authors: Sarkisyan Nikolay
Published: May 2022

In 2006, a “tolerance policy” was launched in St. Petersburg to address the growing xenophobia and the need to integrate labor migrants. Applying a bottom–up perspective, this study finds that this policy was symbolic – aimed at changing public attitudes, not at providing material outcomes. The direct implementers (the street-level bureaucracy), operating under governmental constraints, drew on informal mechanisms: behind-the-scenes negotiations, unwritten rules and hierarchies, personalist power, and ideological cues. Formalized dense reporting, often quantitative, was used to keep low-level implementers in check. The combination of these features rendered the tolerance policy shallow and self-locked. Street-level bureaucracy had to interpret vague policy documents, but lacked the necessary discretionary powers. This gave rise to the kartinka (picture, or image) coping technique. The term describes how all work activities were shaped by the need to demonstrate progress with respect to unwritten rules and ideological dynamics. The article concludes with a discussion of the applicability of the author’s findings to the field of nationalities policy in Russia.
The Influence of Narcoculture on Popular Music: A Critical Look at Reggaeton’s Narco-Messages and Narco-Representations
Authors: VEGA OMAR RUIZ
Published: May 2022

In this study, I take a critical look at the presence of narcoculture in reggaeton using as a case study the music video of the remix of ‘Somos de calle’. Specifically, I evaluate whether and to what extent reggaeton’s narco-messages and narco-representations – when they converge with other variables – could potentially influence an individual’s modes of thinking and behaviour. The study does not aim to provide a definitive answer to the debate surrounding this issue. More than anything, it strives to analyse the extent to which the claim that such influence may occur has scientific merit, in order to advocate further research on this matter. The article also discusses the highly politicized debate that has surrounded this topic in public discourse, and how this has seemingly affected its critical assessment in academia. For the analysis I rely particularly on social psychology literature concerning violent media content and in the areas of persuasion studies and prejudice studies, but I also consider literature from other fields, including criminology.
Association of low-carbohydrate diet score and carbohydrate quality with visceral adiposity and lipid accumulation product
Authors: Gholami Fatemeh , Martami Fahime , Ghorbaninezhad Parivash , Mirrafiei Amin , Ebaditabar Mojdeh , Davarzani Samira , Babaei Nadia , Djafarian Kurosh , Shab-Bidar Sakineh
Published: May 2022

The present study examined the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) with visceral fat level (VFL) and lipid accumulation product (LAP). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 adults (118 men and 152 women) aged between 18–45 living in Tehran, Iran, between February 2017 and December 2018. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Body composition were also assessed. We used analyses of covariance and binary logistic regression to explore associations after controlling for age, energy intake (model 1), education, smoking status, physical activity, occupation, marriage and metabolic diseases. There were no significant differences between tertiles of GI, GL and LCD for means of anthropometric measures, LAP and VFL index in men, while women in the highest tertile of GI and GL had significantly higher mean LAP in the crude model (P = 0·02) and model 1(P = 0·04), which disappeared after controlling for other confounders (P = 0·12). Moreover, the OR and CIs for having high LAP and VFL was not associated with dietary GI, GL and LCD in crude and adjusted models. However, chance of high VFL reduced by 65% and 57% among women with high adherence to LCD score (OR = 0·35, 95% CI = 0·16–0·78, P = 0·01) and model 1 (OR = 0·43, 95% CI = 0·18–1, P = 0·05), respectively. However, this significant association disappeared after controlling for other confounders (P = 0·07). Overall, we found carbohydrate quality and LCD score are not associated with LAP and VFL index. However, gender-specific relationship should not be neglect and warrants further investigation.