bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong Isotope-dependent Photodissociation Branching Ratios of N2 and Their Potential Implications for the 14N/15N Isotope Fractionation in Titan's Atmosphere
Authors: Liu Min , Jiang Pan , Lu Liya , Yin Tonghui , Ma Liying , Cheng Min , Yin Qing-Zhu , Gao Hong
Published: December 2021

The origin and evolution of the 14N/15N ratio of Titan’s atmosphere has long been a subject of debate. Clearly a better understanding of the N isotopic fractionation mechanism would greatly help resolve this. Photodissociation of N2 by solar radiation has been suggested to either play a negligible role in fractionating the N isotopes in Titan, due to its rather low escape velocity, or to preferentially remove 15N through self-shielding controlled photochemical reactions. Here, we systematically measure the branching ratios of 14N15N between N(4S)+N(2P) and N(4S)+N(2D) channels. We find that many of its absorption states predominantly dissociate into N(4S)+N(2P) with a strong isotope effect between 14N2 and 14N15N. Since N atoms produced from N(4S)+N(2P) acquire velocities close to Titan’s escape velocity, these findings provide a new N isotope fractionation mechanism for Titan that has not been considered before, potentially providing important constraints on the origin and evolution of Titan’s N2-dominated atmosphere.
Critical Stellar Central Densities Drive Galaxy Quenching in the Nearby Universe
Authors: Xu Bingxiao , Peng Yingjie
Published: December 2021

We study the structural and environmental dependence of star formation on the plane of stellar mass versus central core density (Σ1 kpc) in the nearby universe. We study the central galaxies in the sparse environment and find a characteristic population-averaged Σ1 kpc ∼ 109–109.2
M
⊙ kpc−2, above which quenching is operating. This

Σ

1

kpc

crit

only weakly depends on the stellar mass, suggesting that the mass quenching of the central galaxies is closely related to the processes that operate in the central region rather than over the entire galaxies. For satellites, at a given stellar mass, environment quenching appears to operate in a similar fashion as mass quenching in centrals, also starting from galaxies with high Σ1 kpc to low Σ1 kpc, and

Σ

1

kpc

crit

becomes strongly mass-dependent, in particular in dense regions. This is because (1) more low-mass satellites are quenched by the environmental effects in denser regions and (2) at fixed stellar mass and environment, the environment-quenched satellites have, on average, larger Σ1 kpc, M
1 kpc/M
⋆, and Sérsic index n, and as well as smaller size. These results imply that either some dynamical processes change the structure of the satellites during quenching or the satellites with higher Σ1 kpc are more susceptible to environmental effects.
Constraints on the Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Neutron-star–Black-hole Merger GW200115
Authors: Dichiara S. , Becerra R. L. , Chase E. A. , Troja E. , Lee W. H. , Watson A. M. , Butler N. R. , O’Connor B. , Pereyra M. , López K. O. C. , Lien A. Y. , Gottlieb A. , Kutyrev A. S.
Published: December 2021

We report the results of our follow-up campaign for the neutron-star—black-hole (NSBH) merger GW200115 detected during the O3 run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We obtained wide-field observations with the Deca-Degree Optical Transient Imager covering ∼20% of the total probability area down to a limiting magnitude of w = 20.5 AB at ∼23 hr after the merger. Our search for counterparts returns a single candidate (AT2020aeo), likely not associated with the merger. In total, only 25 sources of interest were identified by the community and later discarded as unrelated to the GW event. We compare our upper limits with the emission predicted by state-of-the-art kilonova simulations and disfavor high-mass ejecta (>0.1 M
⊙), indicating that the spin of the system is not particularly high. By combining our optical limits with gamma-ray constraints from Swift and Fermi, we disfavor the presence of a standard short-duration burst for viewing angles ≲15° from the jet axis. Our conclusions are, however, limited by the large localization region of this GW event, and accurate prompt positions remain crucial to improving the efficiency of follow-up efforts.
Multiwavelength Quasi-periodic Pulsations in a Stellar Superflare
Authors: Kolotkov Dmitrii Y. , Nakariakov Valery M. , Holt Robin , Kuznetsov Alexey A.
Published: December 2021

We present the first multiwavelength simultaneous detection of quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) in a superflare (more than a thousand times stronger than known solar flares) on a cool star, in soft X-rays (SXRs, with XMM-Newton) and white light (WL, with Kepler). It allowed for the first ever analysis of oscillatory processes in a stellar flare simultaneously in thermal and nonthermal emissions, conventionally considered to come from the corona and chromosphere of the star, respectively. The observed QPPs have periods 1.5 ± 0.15 hr (SXR) and 3 ± 0.6 hr (WL), and correlate well with each other. The unique relationship between the observed parameters of QPPs in SXR and WL allowed us to link them with oscillations of the electric current in the flare loop, which directly affect the dynamics of nonthermal electrons and indirectly (via ohmic heating) the thermal plasma. These findings could be considered in favor of the equivalent LCR contour model of a flare loop, at least in the extreme conditions of a stellar superflare.
Diamond Concept as Principle for the Development of Spinal Cord Scaffold: A Literature Review
Authors: Sakti Yudha M. , Malueka Rusdy Ghazali , Dwianingsih Ery Kus , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad , Mafaza Akbar , Emiri Deas Makalingga
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been bringing detrimental impacts on the affected individuals. However, not only that, it also brings a tremendous effect on the socioeconomic and health-care system. Treatment regimen and strategy for SCI patient have been under further research. DISCUSSION: The main obstacles of regeneration on neuronal structure are the neuroinflammatory process and poor debris clearance, causing a longer healing process and an extensive inflammation process due to this particular inflammatory process. To resolve all of the mentioned significant issues in SCIs neuronal regeneration, a comprehensive model is necessary to analyze each step of progressive condition in SCI. In this review, we would like to redefine a comprehensive concept of the “Diamond Concept” from previously used in fracture management to SCI management, which consists of cellular platform, cellular inductivity, cellular conductivity, and material integrity. The scaffolding treatment strategy for SCI has been widely proposed due to its flexibility. It enables the physician to combine another treatment method such as neuroprotective or neuroregenerative or both in one intervention. CONCLUSION: Diamond concept perspective in the implementation of scaffolding could be advantageous to increase the outcome of SCI treatment.
Review of species of the genus Heterospilus Haliday, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) from the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Belokobylskij Sergey A. , Ku Deok-Seo
Published: December 2021

This article reviews the species of the genus Heterospilus Haliday from South Korea. Nine species, Heterospilus chinjuensissp. nov., H. gajwaensissp. nov., H. heulriensissp. nov., H. hyungkeunleeisp. nov., H. maseongussp. nov., H. suriensissp. nov., H taehoani sp. nov., H. weolchulsanussp. nov., and H. yeogiensissp. nov., are described as new to science. The species Heterospilus fujianensis Tang, Belokobylskij, He & Chen, 2013 is recorded for the fauna of Korea for the first time; H. ater Fischer, 1960 is synonymised under H. austriacus (Szépligeti, 1906). Heterospilus rubicola Fischer, 1960 and H. corsicus (Marshall, 1888) are excluded from the fauna of Korea. A key to all Heterospilus species known from the Korean Peninsula is compiled.
The historical significance of the 2019 Hong Kong revolt
Authors: Loong-Yu Au
Published: December 2021

This essay discusses why the Hong Kong 2019 revolt means so much for future democratic movements despite its tragic defeat and its weaknesses. This was a massive democratic movement, with entirely legitimate demands: the dropping of an extradition bill which could legalise Beijing's
attempts to prosecute Hong Kong citizens under the Mainland legal system; and the honouring of its commitment of granting universal suffrage to the Hong Kong people. This massive movement naturally brought with it multiple tendencies and contradictions. Taking advantage of the absence of a
left labour movement, and a young generation who were newcomers to politics, right-wing and anti-Chinese voices became more vocal than their organisational strength might have indicated - though not strong enough to alter the fundamental character of this revolt as a democratic movement. In
the last analysis, however, the balance of forces means that Hong Kong has little chance of preserving its liberty unless the Mainland situation begins to change. Success will ultimately depend on a united front between democratic forces in the Mainland and Hong Kong, an issue which the 2019
r evolt has not thought sufficiently about. However, the 2019 revolt, which helped to consolidate democratic consciousness among millions in Hong Kong, itself constitutes a new starting point for the future of democratic struggle, both in the Mainland and in Hong Kong.
'I wanted to offer my sympathy ... woman to woman': Reading The Crown during a conjuncture of crisis
Authors: Clancy Laura , De Benedictis Sara
Published: December 2021

The fourth season of Netflix's award-winning The Crown was released during a moment of crisis, when the UK was under a second lockdown to stem the Covid-19 pandemic. National restrictions, and the pandemic more generally, have exposed a 'crisis of care' in the UK and around the
world. With schools closed and many working at home, people, particularly women, have been faced with the 'double burden' of childcare, domestic care, other caring responsibilities and paid work. The pandemic also drew further attention to classed, gendered and racialised polarities, with
symbols of privilege (like access to a garden) made spectacular as lockdown restrictions were tightened. Enter The Crown. Series 4 focuses on the 1970s and 1980s, particularly centred around intimacies of three well-known female figures: Margaret Thatcher, the Queen and Princess Diana.
The Crown's representation of Thatcher and the Queen speaks to broader issues of failed femininities, the collapsing of private/public and home/work, specifically through mothering and unpaid care work/paid labour; class privilege and cultural capital; the politics of 'wokeness'; and
moral responsibility. The Queen is portrayed as the guardian of moral responsibility, the mother of the nation and the British empire, while Thatcher is shown to push forward neoliberalism and free market ideologies. But ultimately these representations are two sides of the same coin. Through
the oppositional representations of the Queen and Thatcher the show raises contemporary critiques of neoliberalism, gender and the aristocratic imperial state, only to empty its political potential because such representations are spoken by these elite women, in the context of their families
and the home. Such issues have a particular cultural and collective resonance at a conjuncture of lockdown and the pandemic.
Échapper à la surveillance. La paresse comme transgression
Authors: Marrone Gianfranco
Published: December 2021

Nous posons que la paresse n’est pas une propriété psychologique d’un sujet individuel mais une réaction contre ce(ux) qui nous enferme(nt) dans une culture qui voit l’activité comme une valeur suprême, souvent comme une fin en soi. La paresse est la réponse transgressive à ceux qui nous forcent à agir et, du même coup, à nous exposer. Ainsi, dans une société de surveillance où chacun est à la fois sujet et objet d’un régime général de visibilité, le paresseux non seulement échappe à l’univers de valeurs, mais il exhibe cette échappée, en renversant le sens de la surveillance qui devient alors une tactique pour qui entend s’opposer au pouvoir, en modifiant la valeur des valeurs, c’est-à-dire la croyance implicite que le travail – quel qu’il soit – ennoblit l’homme. On soutient cette thèse, à partir d’une interview de Roland Barthes, en analysant trois œuvres exemplaires : Alexandre le bienheureux , film d’Yves Robert (1968), Oblomov d’Ivan Gontcharov (1859) et Bartleby. Le scribe (1853) de Melville.
Surveillance, censure, création
Authors: Estay Stange Veronica
Published: December 2021

Pendant les dictatures chilienne et argentine, la surveillance a pris, parmi d’autres formes, celle de la censure extrême. Censure de l’État, cet observateur qui s’affirmait omniscient comme omnipotent, mais aussi autocensure des individus qui se surveillaient eux-mêmes pour limiter les risques d’être pris « en faute ». Dans ce cadre, de nouvelles formes de création ont vu le jour, avec des propositions qui faisaient appel à des stratégies de détournement dont on analyse ici les enjeux esthétiques et les transformations formelles au fil des générations. À travers l’étude d’œuvres peu connues en Europe, on montre comment, de la mémoire à la post-mémoire du traumatisme, la création littéraire et artistique est hantée par la surveillance, devenue forme de vie.
Recherche extra-clinique en psychanalyse : cadre conceptuel et exemple de recherche
Authors: Ambresin Gilles
Published: December 2021

La recherche en psychanalyse s’est développée en se centrant principalement sur la rencontre entre le patient et son analyste, donnant lieu à des recherches clinico-analytique et conceptuelle. Initiée par Freud dans une interconnexion étroite entre le cerveau et la psyché, la psychanalyse a été conçue d’emblée comme une science plurielle de l’inconscient. Cet article présente un cadre conceptuel de recherche en psychanalyse puis aborde les enjeux de cette recherche avec la conviction que le partage de résultats, de méthodes et de questions sur la recherche empirique soutient le développement des capacités cliniques et de la pensée critique tant des étudiants que des cliniciens confirmés.
L’évaluation a-t-elle sa place dans la psychothérapie centrée sur la personne ?
Authors: Berthoud Laurent
Published: December 2021

La notion d’évaluation peut susciter des questionnements et des controverses – voire des conflits – en psychothérapie ; c’est notamment le cas dans l’approche centrée sur la personne (ACP) fondée par le clinicien-chercheur Carl Rogers. Cet article détaille trois positions centrées sur la personne existante envers l’évaluation. Il propose l’évaluation comme une opportunité (1) pour le champ des psychothérapies de remettre en question la perspective biomédicale conventionnelle et (2) pour l’ACP d’approfondir et d’affiner sa théorie et sa pratique.
Évaluation ou dévaluation ? Quelques malentendus entre chercheurs et cliniciens sur la recherche empirique
Authors: de Roten Yves
Published: December 2021

La relation entre science empirique et pratique clinique est complexe et difficile. Bien que les organismes qui contrôlent la pratique psychothérapeutique demandent que les connaissances et les savoir-être des thérapeutes soient scientifiquement et empiriquement fondés, force est de constater que ce n’est pas – ou peu – le cas actuellement. Deux éléments dans l’histoire de la relation entre cliniciens et chercheurs expliquent certains des malentendus actuels : le modèle du « scientifique-praticien » développé à partir de la conférence de Boulder à la fin des années 1940, et l’importance exagérée donnée au modèle de la « pratique basée sur les données probantes » et à la méthodologie de l’essai randomisé contrôlé. L’article cherche à montrer en quoi la recherche empirique est bien plus vaste que cela, et que des aires de rapprochement avec la pratique clinique sont possibles. Le renouveau de l’intérêt scientifique pour l’étude de cas et la constitution de réseaux de praticiens-chercheurs sont deux exemples qui montrent comment une collaboration – une alliance en d’autres termes – est possible et nécessaire.
L’attachement au thérapeute : une étude empirique en Algérie
Authors: Djillali Slimane
Published: December 2021

L’attachement concerne le lien affectif aux personnes significatives irremplaçables (les figures d’attachement), utile dans la régulation des émotions pour explorer le monde et comme refuge en temps de détresse. Si la relation thérapeutique est par essence différente des relations d’attachement précoce, certaines caractéristiques s’y appliquent, en particulier la fonction de « base sécurisante » que le thérapeute peut remplir pour le client. Cette étude examine les liens entre l’attachement au thérapeute, le style d’attachement adulte du client et l’alliance thérapeutique. L’échantillon comprend 29 adolescents, vus par 5 thérapeutes. Trois autoquestionnaires ont été utilisés : une mesure de l’attachement au thérapeute (CATS), une échelle du style d’attachement adulte (RSQ) et une mesure d’alliance thérapeutique (HAq-II). Les résultats montrent que l’attachement au thérapeute n’est pas en lien avec le style d’attachement adulte et que l’attachement au thérapeute (mais pas le style d’attachement adulte) est un prédicteur robuste du niveau d’alliance thérapeutique. Enfin, le style d’attachement évolue significativement au cours de la thérapie. Ces résultats sont consistants avec l’hypothèse du thérapeute fonctionnant comme base de sécurité et confirment l’intérêt de cette variable pour la construction d’une bonne alliance de travail.
Le Vieillissement cérébral
Authors: Baumann Nicole
Published: December 2021

Résumé Le cerveau est constitué de deux catégories de cellules : les cellules nerveuses (neurones) et les cellules gliales. S’il existe une altération du fonctionnement cérébral au cours du vieillissement, il est logique de penser que celle-ci est sous-tendue par une altération de ces cellules. En particulier on peut imaginer des modifications de leurs propriétés membranaires.
Le Vieillissement cérébral
Authors: Perry Robert H. , Perry Elaine K. , Abel C.
Published: December 2021

Résumé L’étude des systèmes de neurotransmetteurs au cours du vieillissement est une voie de recherche originale, mais qui se heurte aussi à des obstacles méthodologiques (en particulier à la variabilité des taux des « marqueurs » d’un sujet à l’autre). Néanmoins des preuves existent en faveur de l’atteinte de certains systèmes de neuro-transmetteurs (systèmes dopaminergiques, cholinergiques). L’atteinte du système cholinergique dans la maladie d’Alzheimer est aujourd’hui bien établie.
Le service public comme stratégie de régulation
Authors: Lanneau Régis
Published: December 2021

La question de la régulation des services publics est souvent considérée comme centrale chez les juristes. C’est à partir de cette idée que sont conceptualisées les lois du service public et plus largement les obligations de service public. L’objet du présent article est de renverser la perspective. Le service public peut être conçu comme une stratégie de régulation (et donc comme une modalité d’intervention) et non comme un « service » (défini par sa matérialité) à réguler. Ce pas de côté par rapport à la doctrine traditionnelle en droit public offre une perspective renouvelée sur le « droit » du service public.
Conflits entre catégories revendiquées et catégories attribuées à des justiciables : le référentiel islamique à l’aune du raisonnement préventif
Authors: Lizzola Irene , Gafsia Nawel
Published: December 2021

La logique de la prévention du « danger » propre au dispositif français de la lutte contre le terrorisme s’illustre à travers la référence au « standard juridique » 1 de la « menace pour la sécurité et l’ordre public ». Cette prévention est caractérisée par la catégorisation des individus et de leurs actions 2 à partir de la mise en place d’enquêtes de surveillance. Deux affaires défendues par une avocate qui a exercé des recours pour excès de pouvoir contre des mesures administratives prises en vue de prévenir des actes « portant atteinte à l’ordre public » et dont le travail a été observé lors d’un terrain ethnographique mené de janvier 2015 à mars 2018 constituent le matériau principal de cette étude. Les contentieux analysés reflètent des débats de plus ample portée au niveau sociétal relatifs à la perception et à l’interprétation d’une normativité islamique s’exprimant dans des discours et des pratiques d’individus identifiés musulmans et donc présumés appartenir à cette catégorie selon les cas de figure. Ces justiciables se perçoivent eux-mêmes de manière plus ou moins explicite comme étant « ciblés » en raison de cette catégorisation. Dans ce contexte, un « désaccord pratico-moral » 3 mène à des interprétations opposées des mêmes faits. Dans l’arène de cette confrontation, le référentiel islamique est un enjeu central et son appréciation détermine le résultat du contentieux. Ce dernier peut servir d’appui aussi bien aux stratégies de défense qu’à la logique de surveillance préventive du Ministère de l’Intérieur : ce qui oppose ces deux usages, c’est le caractère moralement implicatif de la catégorisation islamique de certaines pratiques. Dans une logique de lutte préventive contre le terrorisme, la conséquence directe est celle de l’exclusion et la privation de certains droits fondamentaux.
Qualifier les blessures. Ethnographie de la catégorisation médico-légale en Inde du Nord
Authors: Provost Fabien
Published: December 2021

À quel prix la médecine devient-elle la référente systématique de la justice dans le travail d’évaluation des dommages corporels ? Que se passe-t-il lorsque des médecins examinent des corps sans être autorisés à les soigner ? Même si le solide ancrage institutionnel de l’expertise médico-légale semble indiquer que ces questions sont secondaires ou déjà résolues, cet article montre au contraire qu’elles méritent d’être prises au sérieux. Dans cette optique, je me penche sur le travail de catégorisation des blessures. En m’appuyant sur des archives judiciaires et sur une série de situations empiriques observées lors d’une enquête de douze mois dans trois hôpitaux publics d’Inde du Nord, j’explore la façon dont la pratique ordinaire de la médecine légale transforme la signification des catégories médicales et juridiques de description des blessures. Les cas étudiés portent notamment sur le processus d’évaluation de la gravité. Ils mettent en lumière les stratégies d’enquête et les effets rhétoriques qui permettent aux médecins légistes d’influencer l’interprétation judiciaire de leurs résultats, dans une logique largement inspirée par leur expérience de soignants et dépassant le simple cadre des définitions fournies par le Code pénal indien. Ce travail contribue ainsi à une meilleure compréhension des rapports entre médecine et droit, et du rôle de l’expertise médico-légale dans leur enrichissement mutuel.
Brèves réflexions sur la réception des règles du service public en droit privé
Authors: Jafferali Rafaël
Published: December 2021

Dans une première partie, cette contribution examine la forme de la réception des règles du service public en droit privé en s’inspirant de la distinction entre effet direct et effet indirect, élaborée dans le contexte de l’effet horizontal des droits fondamentaux. Dans une seconde partie, on s’interroge sur la spéficité des règles du service public, en confrontant les lois de l’égalité, de la continuité et de la mutabilité avec les évolutions contemporaines du droit privé.
Le mythe fédéral en France : ébauche d’une interprétation de l’identité de la république française en période de turbulence
Authors: Carrier Lucien , Barillé Pierre
Published: December 2021

Nous proposons dans cet article d’approcher différemment l’idée fédérale en France, à partir du constat simple et troublant qu’à chaque crise d’envergure depuis au moins deux cents ans, on retrouve d’une façon ou d’une autre la mention du fédéralisme. Cette récurrence semble mettre à mal les poncifs bien éculés – et erronés – d’un désintérêt français pour ce qui est fédéral. L’apparent paradoxe peut être dépassé si, précisément, on choisit d’analyser le fédéralisme en France comme un mythe. Ce dernier se définit comme un système sémiologique second qui permet l’expression d’un concept déformé. C’est-à-dire que le mythe est un véhicule pour une idée déguisée. Nous tenterons de montrer dans cet article que malgré la diversité des usages du fédéralisme au cours des nombreuses crises constitutionnelles françaises, il est toujours possible de retrouver, sous des guises différentes, le concept de République. Dans la France des Révolutions, nous maintiendrons que le fédéralisme déforme l’idée d’une République unie, libérale ou émancipatrice. Par la suite, dans le cadre de la décolonisation au XX e  siècle, nous soutiendrons que le mythe fédéral déforme le concept d’une République un peu différente, plus ambiguë, là impériale, ailleurs repentante.
Cucker-Smale model with time delay
Authors: Cartabia Mauro Rodriguez
Published: December 2021

We study the flocking model for continuous time introduced by Cucker and Smale adding a positive time delay \begin{document}$ \tau $\end{document}. The goal of this article is to prove that the same unconditional flocking result for the non-delayed case is valid in the delayed case. A novelty is that we do not need to impose any restriction on the size of \begin{document}$ \tau $\end{document}. Furthermore, when the unconditional flocking occurs, velocities converge exponentially fast to a common one.
An algorithm for solving linear nonhomogeneous quaternion-valued differential equations and some open problems
Authors: Xia Yonghui , Huang Hai , Kou Kit Ian
Published: December 2021

Quaternion-valued differential equations (QDEs) is a new kind of differential equations. In this paper, an algorithm was presented for solving linear nonhomogeneous quaternionic-valued differential equations. The variation of constants formula was established for the nonhomogeneous quaternionic-valued differential equations. Moreover, several examples showed the feasibility of our algorithm. Finally, some open problems end this paper.
Soliton solutions and periodic solutions for two models arises in mathematical physics
Authors: Mohammed F. A. ,   Department of mathematics, College of Science and Arts, Jouf university, Al-Gurayat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Elboree Mohammed K. ,   Department of mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
Published: December 2021

We aimed in this paper to acquire the periodic wave solutions and soliton solutions and other solutions such as kink-wave solutions for the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with repulsive delta potential ($ \delta $-NLSE) and complex coupled Higgs field equation via two mathematical methods Jacobi elliptic function method and generalized Kudryashov method. Some of these solutions are degenerated to solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions in the limit case. We also gave the meaning of these solutions physically and the numerical simulation by some figures.
“They call out to their dead devils!” Erküüt and the Rejection of Communal Rituals in a Mongol Banner
Authors: Bass Sam H.
Published: December 2021

Definitions and models of nomadic-pastoral social structure are foundational to our understanding of historical processes in Mongolian society and between Mongols and neighboring polities. Recently, scholars have criticized older models with new anthropological models and historical evidence, and for the period of Qing rule in Inner Mongolia (1636-1911), identify the banner as the basic unit of social organization. This paper contributes to this scholarship by examining the significance of subversive and alternative rituals in small-scale communities alienated from larger banner communities. The Erküüt (Erkegüd), a small community in Ordos, rejected the religious life of the banner, including ritual forms such as ovoo worship, and were thus excluded from, and stigmatized within, the banner community. Exclusive religious and social practices are found in other communities as well, for example the Qatagin and Darqad of Ordos; however, those groups maintained ritual significance within the banner community because they upheld rituals for the benefit of all Mongols. The significance of ritual in defining communities, particularly sub-banner communities, must be considered an alternative form of community formation and maintenance.
International Human Resource Management
Authors: Bornay-Barrachina Mar
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, internationalization is key for the survival of firms. Internationalization of a firm involves an internationalization of all the functional areas of the firm, of which international human resource management (IHRM) is one of the most relevant. In an international context, managers should make decisions about what human resource practices are best suited to the firm's international operations. Being aware of the differences between domestic and international human resource management will help readers and managers to establish operational mechanisms to deal with country differences in terms of industrial labor, culture, and firm practices. Therefore, after reading this chapter, readers should be able to deal with aspects like adaptation or standardization of HR practices, international staffing, and relevant issues around expatriation and repatriation.
Identifying Innovations in Human Resources
Authors: Singh Amrik , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: December 2021

HR is evolving into a more technology-based profession because organizations needs to streamline HR processes and reduce administrative burden, reducing administrative cost; compete more effectively with global talent; improve services and access data to the employees and managers; provide real-time metrics in order tom on spot decisions for the decision makers; and manage the workforce more effectively and enable the HR to transform so it can play more strategic role in the business and operations. The purpose of this chapter is to develop a meaningful debate on the innovations in human resource in terms of new ideas, methods, and technology to better meet the evolving requirement of the organization and workforce. Anticipating and exploring the future needs and circumstances rather than simply finding some responses to the situation, this chapter highlights challenges and prospects related to innovations in HR.
Sustainable and Green Human Resource Practices
Authors: Dohroo Mitali , Duggal Taranjeet
Published: December 2021

Two topics, circular economy and human resource practices, have been in separate baskets. However, recent studies have shown that both have a major impact either directly or indirectly on each other. Human resource management or human management is largely associated with a behavior of an economy. It has been largely debated and accepted that human resource management has a major role in creating sustainable organizations. Human resource management as a function involves a lot of postulates of sustainability in the scope of an organization. We all understand that the role of human resources has widened throughout time, and there is a need for more innovations in better management with various stakeholders and employees to create HR as a more solution-based function.
An Integration of Human Resources and Supply Chain Management for a Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Doğru Çağlar
Published: December 2021

In this chapter, a multi-disciplinary approach for creating sustainable competitive advantage is examined. This is the integration of human resources management and supply chain management. The primary aim is to come up with a solution to the research question of ‘how do organizations create sustainable competitive advantage by integrating human resources and supply chain management?' In order to put forth the solutions, the resource-based approach is employed. A detailed literature review is given on the integration of two business functions to create sustainable competitive advantage. This chapter contributes to the literature, first by laying out the importance of resource-based view in both human resources and supply chain management, second by examining how do these two functions unite in order to obtain sustainable competitive advantage, and lastly, by enriching the limited number of studies so far on the integration of human resources and supply chain management with the help of a literature review.
Applying ISPAR Model of Service Dominant Logic on Mentoring a Part of Training and Development Function of HRM Functions
Authors: Basharat Taimoor
Published: December 2021

This is a conceptual article written to apply I-S-P-A-R model which was presented in 2009 by research scholars Maglio, Vargo, Caswel and Spohrer on the Mentoring in Service Dominant Logic (SDL) perspective. The author has taken a deep insight of mentoring which is a part of training and development: a function of the Human Resource Management in Good Dominant Logic (GDL) perspective. For this research, a wide range of literatures is reviewed and many disciplines have been explored which include mentoring roles, need, responsibilities, and context. Here, it is worthy to mention that mentoring and supervision are two different terms and both have different roles, too. Roles of supervisors are: boss, teacher, evaluator, expert and counselor; whereas mentoring consisted of assisting, befriending, guiding, advising and counseling. In service science, all the service systems do not fulfill the requirement to be a service system. There is also presented I-S-P-A-R which stands for Interact-Serve-Propose-Agree-Realize model of service system interactions episodes. This model is applied on mentoring in SDL perspective. At the end of this article, a conclusion is drawn and areas for further research have been mentioned.
A Fuzzy System for Evaluating Human Resources in Project Management
Authors: Adeola Oladele Stephen , Ganiyu Adesina Rafiu
Published: December 2021

The key lubricants for the necessary functioning of any organization are money, machines, time, and humans. Human resources is the most important ingredient among them. Most projects fail because of ineptitude of those who administer the project, notably in government projects. Alternatively, advertisement for expert positions suffers as a result of poor coverage, late responses, non-transparency, and subjective selection during recruitment process. This work proposes a fuzzy system for the evaluation of human resources for the management of projects in core areas where professional services are expedient for supervision. It exposes the level of experience on the job, core competencies, exposure, and knowledge scope. A prototype fuzzy system for evaluation of human resource for project management, consisting of a user friendly menu-driven interface, was developed for evaluating the suitability of professionals for different roles within a project team. At the end of the work, it is expected that governments, companies, and various donor agencies would find the system useful when embarking on projects for an optimal result.
Six Sigma in Human Resources
Authors: Padhi Sushree Lekha
Published: December 2021

HR business partner, Business Excellence are some buzzwords in the industry nowadays. Profitability and efficiency are being driven through various strategic initiatives aligned to the vision of the organization. Customer satisfaction is now being replaced by customer delight. Organizations are taking steps ahead of voice of customer. The consumer insights are thoroughly analyzed and interpreted. Data analytics is not restricted to only finance and operation functions but are widely used across the support functions along with line functions. Human resource is now considered as an asset. Organizations are also trying to find out ways to capitalize the full potential of human asset. Various tools and methodologies are paving its way to bring efficient human resource management practices. Six Sigma is one of the tools, which is booming into the application space of Human Resource Management. Six Sigma is being considered as a business process and is helping the in shaping and improving their bottom line by designing and monitoring various activities to reduce the defects.
Human Resources Management and Its Contribution to Colombian SME Sustainability
Authors: Pérez-Uribe Rafael Ignacio , Ramírez-Garzón María Teresa
Published: December 2021

Based on the hypothesis that human resources management directly depends on a set of organizational components that are the core for SMEs sustainability, this chapter expands previous findings in the literature. Based on a multiple regression analysis and MMOM (modernization model for organization management) implementation in 246 Colombian SMEs (small and medium enterprises), the authors show that some organizational components explain and generate 64.86% of human resources management best practices.
The Investigation of Employer Adoption of Human Resource Information Systems at University Using TAM
Authors: Göktaş Pınar , Akgül Yakup
Published: December 2021

The new conditions that arise as a result of the transformation of the information society are reflected in many areas, such as the changes in human resources management, especially in the context of human resource information systems (HRIS). HRIS have become an important element in increasing organizational performance and productivity. The primary aim of this chapter is to investigate the employers' adoption for human resource information systems (HRIS) in higher education by using technology acceptance model (TAM). The results of the study revealed that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use has an important role of employers' attitudes towards using, behavioral intention to use the system, and actual usage of HRIS. A survey was administered, and a sample of 155 academic and administrative personnel at Isparta Süleyman Demirel University were analyzed using SmartPLS version 3.2.7.
Managing Human Resources in E-Commerce
Authors: Rezwan Roksana Binte
Published: December 2021

Human resources are the driving force and source of the core competitive advantage of any business. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how human resource management (HRM) practices and human resource (HR) strategies are formulated and utilized in the context of e-commerce firms. When discussing e-commerce, relatively less attention is paid to HRM-related issues. However, analyzing, carefully, both the successful start-ups (i.e., Dollar Shave Club and Warby Parker) and e-commerce giants (i.e., Amazon and Alibaba) treat HRM as a critical success factor. Because business success depends on the careful integration of HRM strategies with business requirements and strategies. In this chapter, the different HRM practices and strategies adopted by different e-commerce firms will be discussed.
International Human Resource Management Strategies for Multicultural Organizations
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: December 2021

The increasingly global nature of construction has highlighted the importance of multiculturalism and the new challenges it brings to execution especially in the light of the dependency on international human resources for expertise and delivery of construction projects in a cost-effective and timely manner. Adopting an analytical approach, this chapter attempts to review international HRM strategies and outlook for multicultural organizations of the construction sector in the Zimbabwean context and also provides some deeper insights on the gaps and inadequacies and recommends possible ways of bridging the identified gaps in practice. In the process, the chapter also examines the cultural factors that influence communication and how communication can be made effective in multicultural environments. But the core of the chapter is to explore international human resource management strategies for multicultural organizations.
Importance of ICT in Human Resources Management and Evaluation in Terms of Events
Authors: Uçar Pınar
Published: December 2021

Electronic human resources management is the use of information technologies for human resources applications that enable easy interaction between employees and employers. Therefore, through electronic human resources management, information about recruitment, performance management, strategic orientation, and education is provided. Competitive business environments have made institutions and organizations to take into account innovations and superiorities to survive. In this context, one of the biggest obstacles that the human resources department has to overcome is the rapidly changing technological environment. The possibilities of technology for human resources management are infinite. In principle, all human resources processes are supported by technology. One of the areas where communication and information technology can be used effectively is events. This chapter describes how communication and information technology can be used effectively when planning and managing human resources in event organizations.
An Exploratory Content Analysis of Human Resources Management in Healthcare Organizations
Authors: Springs Delores
Published: December 2021

Human resource experts suggest unveiling future trends should invite practitioners to focus on evolving human resource management (HRM) roles, target deficiencies, and present solutions leveraging abilities to converge, employees, leaders, and stakeholders committed to advance opportunities for professional development. This chapter provides a detailed analysis of human resources management (HRM) roles that affect employee management changes to explore human resource (HR) accountability, competency management, employee abilities, and organizational capabilities around treatment effectiveness and reduction of errors in healthcare delivery. Explorations on HRM's future impact on career development, succession and replacement planning, and development provoked examinations on goals and future career aspirations in healthcare.
Green Human Resource Management
Authors: Afedzie Richard , Brace Richard , Quansah Fidelis , Attah-Panin James
Published: December 2021

This chapter explores the vital role of human resource departments in organisations and their contributions towards environmental sustainability in the nations of sub-Saharan Africa. It posits that the role of HR in recruitment, training and development, learning, rewards, employee relations, and appraisal of employee performance should be conducted with environmental sustainability in mind. It affirms that instilling a culture of environmental awareness into every activity of organisations has a great return on productivity, attracting the best talents, and minimizing the harm of environmental degradation. It contends that organisational policies and behaviour on environmental responsiveness should be of greatest priority to the 21st-century businesses in sub-Saharan Africa.
Cultural Tourism and the Tourist Experience in the Digital Era
Authors: Lopes Eunice Ramos , Santos Paulo Alexandre , Simões João Tomaz
Published: December 2021

This chapter aims to reveal the growing importance of cultural tourism, reflected in the cultural heritage of cities and its concrete tourist experience in a digital age society. One of the stipulated goals was to understand the existing relationship between tourist and cultural appropriation with the mediation of the digital. The chapter focuses on a city located in the central region of Portugal and followed a quantitative and qualitative analysis methodology. The digital era has been fostering a fundamental capital in the promotion of the existing resources in cities to attract visitors and to reveal the tourist experiences developed in the visited tourist destinations. The main conclusion is the interactions that take place between heritage, tourist experience and ICT implying connections that tourists spontaneously comment through online resources. When making their comments they end up demarcating their tourist experience classifying it according to their expectations in relation to the heritage resources they visit.
Integrating Big Data to Smart Destination Heritage Management
Authors: Ozer Kubra , Sahin Mehmet Altug , Cetin Gurel
Published: December 2021

New technological requirements and needs of today's world are forcing cities to transform into smart cities and smart destinations in tourism cases. Smart destinations are focused on enhancing the tourist experience while also supporting the decision-making process, sustaining effective usage of resources, and maintaining sustainability. Big data has started to act as a reliable resource that assists these processes and offers alternative solution methods. Improvements in the usage of big data within the framework of smart destination management systems will also provide new insights and understandings about heritage sites and their management. Istanbul and the Sultanahmet region, which were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, form the main domain of this chapter. This research aims to reveal any significant differences between Istanbul Wi-Fi data, Sultanahmet Wi-Fi data, and Istanbul Arrivals data. Kruskal-Wallis Test was conducted for comparing these data sets for 28 countries, and recommendations are presented.
Innovative and Biocompatible Approaches for Nanomaterial Production and Application
Authors: Elebiyo Tobiloba Christiana , Rotimi Damilare , Asaleye Rotdelmwa Maimako , Afolabi Boluwatife Boluwatife , Atunwa Bukola Taiwo , Adeyemi Oluyomi Stephen
Published: December 2021

The world is going green; hence, environmentally friendly practices that would conserve natural resources for the future generation are encouraged. As a consequence, the world is less concerned about the numerous applications of nanotechnology, especially in the health sector; rather, it is more concerned about the sustainability of functionalized nanomaterials. Thus, the future of nanotechnology depends on its ability to ‘go green'. Green nanotechnology attempts to synthesize improved, nontoxic, and biocompatible nanomaterials with sustainable benefits using eco-friendly materials. Although green nanotechnology is considered a sustainable, viable, and biocompatible approach to the production of eco-friendly nanomaterials, there are shortcomings especially in microbial handling and process optimization. In this chapter, the authors aim to appraise not only the use of biocompatible approaches for the synthesis of nanoparticles and/or nanomaterials but also their shortcomings.
Characterization Tools for Nanomaterials
Authors: Ahuja Tripti , Satyabola Deeksha , Manna Sujan
Published: December 2021

Nanomaterials are nanostructures that have gained massive interest in the scientific community due to their exciting functional and physicochemical properties. They offer high stability, advanced optical-electronic properties, and tuneable surface functionalization. Such properties have made them a material of everyday use in the pharmaceutical industries, cosmetics, electronics, and many more. Considering their increasing usage, there is a demand for reliable and better quantitative and qualitative characterization tools. This chapter is dedicated to such characterization methodologies for the analysis of nanomaterials. Numerous distinct and integrated correlated techniques are discussed in detail. Such tools are arranged from the basic to advanced methods, each mentioning the unique property of nanomaterial such as elemental composition, morphology, crystal structure, magnetism, and strength. Lastly, some recent advancements in the characterization methodologies of nanostructures are provided. Understanding the properties of nanomaterials will enable us to expand their applications in society.