bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expert System for Determination of Type Lenses Glasses Using Forward Chaining Method
Authors: Pramesti Atikah Ari , Arifudin Riza , Sugiharti Endang
Published: June 2017

One of the branches of computer science that is widely used by humans to help her work is the establishment of an expert system. In this study we will design an expert system for determining the type of spectacle lenses using a forward chaining method. In forward chaining method, starting with the initial information (early symptoms) and moved forward to fit more information to find the information in accordance with the rules of the knowledge base and production, and will be concluded in the form of the type of disorder diagnosis of eye disorders and provide solutions in the form of lenses of eyeglasses. Result from this study is that the match calculation of algorithm of forward chaining method between system and manual calculations produce the same output.
Comparison of Patterns Shapes and Patterns Texture for Identification of Malaria Parasites in Microscopic Image
Authors: Kusanti Jani , Santosa Yusuf Zain
Published: June 2017

Identification of malaria parasites in red blood cells has been done, with the aim of as tools to identify experts microscopic parasites more quickly. This study aimed to compare the level of accuracy in the results to identify and classify parasites based on the pattern shape and texture patterns. The comparison is based on the characteristics of the pattern used, the steps being taken in this study is the image quality improvement process, the process of segmentation with Otsu method, feature extraction process on the image data to be tested. The process of pattern recognition and pattern shapes texture. The last step is to test the identification and classification of plasmodium falciparum parasite into 12 classes using methods Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). The results of this study indicate that the pattern forms can provide a higher level of accuracy compared to LVQ texture pattern. LVQ with input shape pattern successfully identified 91% of image data correctly and input texture successfully identified 48% of image data properly.
Watermarking Techniques Using Least Significant Bit Algorithm for Digital Image Security Standard Solution- Based Android
Authors: Muzakir Ari , Habibi Mailan
Published: June 2017

Ease of deployment of digital image through the internet has positive and negative sides, especially for owners of the original digital image. The positive side of the ease of rapid deployment is the owner of that image deploys digital image files to various sites in the world address. While the downside is that if there is no copyright that serves as protector of the image it will be very easily recognized ownership by other parties. Watermarking is one solution to protect the copyright and know the results of the digital image. With Digital Image Watermarking, copyright resulting digital image will be protected through the insertion of additional information such as owner information and the authenticity of the digital image. The least significant bit (LSB) is one of the algorithm is simple and easy to understand. The results of the simulations carried out using android smartphone shows that the LSB watermarking technique is not able to be seen by naked human eye, meaning there is no significant difference in the image of the original files with images that have been inserted watermarking. The resulting image has dimensions of 640x480 with a bit depth of 32 bits. In addition, to determine the function of the ability of the device (smartphone) in processing the image using this application used black box testing.
Verantwortlichkeit und Haftung im Wettbewerbsrecht
Authors: Rummel Per , Weck Thomas
Published: June 2017

Der deutsche Gesetzgeber hat in der Neunten GWB-Novelle den europäischen Unternehmensbegriff im Wesentlichen ins deutsche Bußgeldrecht übernommen, dagegen auf eine Übernahme ins Kartellschadenersatzrecht verzichtet. Nach Auffassung der Verfasser gibt die europäische Rechtsprechung zu Art. 101 f. AEUV einen in sich konsistenten Regelungsrahmen für die Einstandspflicht von Unternehmen als wirtschaftlichen Einheiten vor. Dieser Regelungsrahmen trägt auch der Kompetenzverteilung zwischen EU und Mitgliedstaaten Rechnung. Die in der GWB-Novelle erfolgte Umsetzung der Vorgaben des EU-Rechts ist aus Sicht der Verfasser zutreffend.
A validated RP-HPLC method for quantitative determination of related impurities of cholic acid bulk drugs
Authors: Sheng Zhaojun , Ye Ruhan , Ge Siyuan , Wang Chenggang , Xu Xuetao , Zhang Guangwen , Luo Ping
Published: June 2017

An efficient and convenient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of cholic acid bulk drugs and their related impurities. Chromatographic separation was performed on a YMC-Pack ODS-AQ column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, S-5 μm, 12 nm), and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile, methanol, and diluted formic acid solution (pH 2.5) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The analytes were monitored using a refractive index detector at 30 °C, and the column temperature was 30 °C. Under the above chromatographic conditions, the method has good specificity and specified impurities can be effectively separated. The proposed method is found to have linearity in the 2.0–80.0 μg/mL concentration range with correlation coefficients of not less than 0.9999. The compounds analyzed in the solutions are stable for at least 7 days, and spike recoveries for all specified impurities range from 91.3% to 109.3% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) not more than 7.3%. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for the analytes are 0.060 μg/mL and 2.0 μg/mL, respectively. The proposed method can be applied in the quality control assay of cholic acid bulk drugs, with the advantages of simplicity, accuracy, robustness, good selectivity, and high sensitivity.
Factors associated with the probability of common mental disorders in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lucchese Roselma , Simões Naiane Dias , Monteiro Luiz Henrique Batista , Vera Ivânia , Fernandes Inaina Lara , Castro Paulo Alexandre de , Silva Graciele Cristina , Evangelista Renata Alessandra , Bueno Alexandre de Assis , Lemos Moisés Fernandes
Published: June 2017

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of probability of common mental disorders in pregnant women and associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative and descriptive approach was performed with 330 pregnant women enrolled in a Women's Health Service located in Mid-West Brazil. Data were obtained through a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and family or personal history. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire and Poisson regression were applied to screen for common mental disorders, aiming to identify factors associated with it. Results: The prevalence of probability of common mental disorders among pregnant women was 57.1% and it was associated with marital status, gestational age, unplanned pregnancy and bleeding. Conclusion: The prevalence of pregnant women likely to have common mental disorders and the average Self-Reporting Questionnaire score estimated in this study were higher than those found in other studies with samples from the general population.
The process of knowledge transference: a matter concerning of teaching of psychiatric nursing
Authors: Santos Laís de Mello , Oliveira Rosane Mara Pontes de , Dutra Virgínia Faria Damásio , Porto Isaura Setenta
Published: June 2017

Abstract Objectives: To identify the strategies used by teachers to share the contents of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health; to describe the stages of knowledge sharing in light of the knowledge transfer process. Method: Qualitative, descriptive-exploratory research of the case study type, carried out with six teachers and 23 students, data production was by semi-structured interview and focus group. For the data analysis, the SECI knowledge conversion model was used: socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. Results: Teachers made socialization and externalization, but did not make clear the assessment and teaching-learning strategies. The combination was completed, but the internalization was unfinished, despite suggesting an attempt to reach it. Conclusion: The feasibility and applicability of the knowledge transfer process to the teaching of Psychiatric Nursing were confirmed.
Sustainable or senseless? Global lessons from dam building
Authors: Fleming Damian
Published: June 2017

The steep decline in freshwater biodiversity is a major cause for concern. Over the same period there has been a sharp increase in dam construction, with more than 3000 dams planned or proposed by 2030. The benefits of dams for water supply, irrigation and energy production are noted, but in repeating the common mistakes (Seven Sins of Dam Building) dam development has resulted in massive negative social and environmental impacts. By learning from past mistakes and using the available tools and standards, governments, industry and financiers can reach more balanced and sustainable outcomes. This paper draws from World Wide Fund's hydropower expertise with particular emphasis on Latin America and hydropower dams.
Pedestrian monitoring techniques for crowd-flow prediction
Authors: Martani Claudio , Stent Simon , Acikgoz Sinan , Soga Kenichi , Bain Dean , Jin Ying
Published: June 2017

The high concentration and flow rate of people in train stations during rush hours can pose a prominent risk to passenger safety and comfort. In situ counting systems are a critical element for predicting pedestrian flows in real time, and their capabilities must be rigorously tested in live environments. The focus of this paper is on evaluating the reliability of two alternative counting systems, the first using an array of infrared depth sensors and the second a visible light (RGB) camera. Both proposed systems were installed at a busy walkway in London Bridge station. The data were collected over a period of 2 months, after which, portions of the data set were labelled for quantitative evaluation against ground truth. In this paper, the implementation of the two different counting technologies is described, and the accuracy and limitations of both approaches under different conditions are discussed. The results show that the developed RGB-based system performs reliably across a wide range of conditions, while the depth-based approach proves to be a useful complement in conditions without significant ambient sunlight, such as underground passageways.
PRELIMINARES
Authors: Admin Admin
Published: June 2017

Preliminares
EDITORIAL
Authors: Admin Admin
Published: June 2017

Editorial
LOS FACTORES QUE CONFORMAN EL MODELO DE ACREDITACIÓN POR ALTA CALIDAD DE PROGRAMAS ACADÉMICOS EN COLOMBIA, REVISIÓN DESDE EL ENFOQUE DE LA PERCEPCIÓN
Authors: Uribe Uran Adriana Patricia
Published: June 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo de investigación consistió en conocer la percepción respecto a los factores que conforman el modelo de acreditación de alta calidad en programas académicos universitarios en Colombia, de dos grupos de expertos representados por pares y los directivos académicos que hayan participado en procesos de esta naturaleza. La metodología desarrollada tiene un enfoque cualitativo, y han sido contemplados los métodos de investigación fenomenológico y hermenéutico. Se acudió a la entrevista focalizada y la revisión documental como técnica de recolección de la información. Los resultados indican que los expertos tienen una percepción positiva del modelo de acreditación y de sus factores, éstos piensan que es indispensable revisarlo y contemplar cambios en su estructura. Se concluye que existe una crítica generalizada por parte de los expertos a los factores incluidos en el modelo, por considerarlos extensos y descontextualizados, y por asumir que estos responden más a las orientaciones de organismos externos que a las necesidades propias de la calidad en un programa académico. AbstractThe purpose of this research was to know the perception of two groups of experts represented by pairs and the academic managers, regarding the factors that constitute the model of accreditation for high quality in academic programs of the universities in Colombia. The methodology developed has a qualitative approach, and the phenomenological and hermeneutical research methods have been considered. The focus interview and the documentary review were the techniques used for data collection. The results obtained suggest that although the experts have a positive perception of the model of accreditation and its factors, they think that it is essential to revise it and to consider changes in its structure.It is concluded that there is a generalized opinion of the experts in relation to the factors included in the model. This is because they are extensive and out of context; and it is assumed that they more likely respond to the guidelines of external organisms, than to the proper needs of quality standards in an academic program.
¿Por qué y cómo investigar las minorías religiosas?
Authors: Montes Martínez Alberto
Published: June 2017

Después de todas las polémicas y críticas que ha habido durante el siglo XX sobre la Religión, a estas alturas es difícil, si no imposible, encontrar personas que nieguen la vigencia social de la religión. Y esto sucede, no sólo entre la gente corriente, sino también entre las personas de ciencia, en general y, sobre todo, entre los científicos sociales.

 

En esta Comunicación nos proponemos dos tareas complementarias. La primera es justificar por qué es relevante la investigación sobre el fenómeno genérico de la religión y sobre las religiones concretas y minoritarias existentes en sociedad española, y especialmente en Cantabria. Y la segunda tarea es hacer propuestas sobre el modo de investigar las minorías religiosas existentes en nuestro país, que tiene algunas peculiaridades.
El género novelístico en la literatura ecuatoriana
Authors: Salazar Estrada Yovany
Published: June 2017

 Se propone presentar una reseña cronológica del desarrollo evolutivo del género novelístico en la literatura ecuatoriana, desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad. El trabajo se distribuye en seis acápites: la novela romántica y los inicios del género en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX; predominio de la ideología liberal en la ficción novelesca; realismo social e indigenismo en la novelística ecuatoriana en las décadas del treinta y cuarenta del siglo XX; la novela de transición de la década del cincuenta; la novela ecuatoriana en las décadas del setenta, ochenta y noventa; y, la novelística ecuatoriana de los últimos años.
La construcción de la juventud como problemática de política pública en la Argentina: análisis de iniciativas de legislación sobre juventudes entre 1983 y 2015
Authors: Cozachcow Alejandro Germán
Published: June 2017

El trabajo analiza las formas en las que los partidos -y el estado-, han buscado interpelar en la Argentina a las y los jóvenes en tanto sujetos políticos durante el actual período democrático, iniciado en 1983. En este sentido, se busca atender la construcción de la juventud en tanto problemática de política pública en el ámbito legislativo, así como a las especificidades en que la misma es producida en el marco de los partidos políticos. Para ello se analizan las iniciativas legislativas sobre derechos de las juventudes presentadas entre 1983 y 2015, dando cuenta de sus marcas epocales, de las particularidades de los proyectos con estado parlamentario y la Ley de Promoción de Juventudes que obtuvo media sanción en el Congreso Nacional a fines de 2015 así como de sus vínculos con la construcción de la juventud al interior de los partidos.
Percepción táctil, visual y auditiva en Niños Víctimas de Maltrato Intrafamiliar
Authors: Cobos-Cali Martha Esperanza , Ladera Valentina , Perea María Victoria , García Ricardo García
Published: June 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la percepción visual, auditiva y táctil en niños víctimas de maltrato intrafamiliar institucionalizados. Participaron 104 niños y niñas divididos en dos grupos. El primer grupo lo conformaron niños recién institucionalizados por violencia intrafamiliar (NVVI); el segundo grupo, de comparación, formado  por niños que no han sido víctimas de violencia (NNVI),equiparados en género, edad y escolarización. Se usaron escalas y subescalas de percepción visual, auditiva y táctil de la evaluación neuropsicológica infantil. Los resultados muestran que los NVVI presentan menor rendimiento en la tareas de: reconocimiento de expresiones; sonidos ambientales; y en percepción fonémica. Del estudio se infiere que en los niños víctimas de violencia intrafamiliar el reconocimiento de expresiones se encuentra alterado; también en este grupo de niños es deficitaria  la percepción de sonidos ambientales y verbales. Estas diferencias perceptuales son fundamentales considerar en futuras intervenciones para mejorar los procesos cognitivos en esta población.
Jóvenes, violencia y pandillas en las periferias de Cartagena-Colombia. aproximaciones teóricas y fragmentos etnográficos
Authors: Alvarez Alvarez Willian Andres
Published: June 2017

El presente texto hace parte de un avance de mi trabajo de campo hecho en un barrio periférico de la ciudad de Cartagena, reconocido por tener un alto grado de violencia y enfrentamientos entre pandillas conformadas por jóvenes afrodescendientes. El objetivo de este trabajo, es utilizar los datos de esta investigación de campo para pensar un abordaje teórico que comprenda y explique la emergencia reciente de estas pandillas, el uso y formas de este tipo de violencia en el Caribe, en contraste de la interpretación que se tiene sobre la violencia urbana existente en el resto del país asociada al crimen organizado ligado al narcotráfico. Metodológicamente hago uso de la etnografía y la observación participante para tener datos de primera fuente.  
BG-11 Trace metal mix A5 v2
Authors: Steven Wilhelm Dr.
Published: June 2017

Please contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol.
Chu's-10 Media v3
Authors: Steven Wilhelm Dr.
Published: June 2017

Please contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol. Adapted from the original publication Stein, J (ED.) 1973. Handbook of Phycological methods. Culture methods and growth measurements. Cambridge University Press. 448 pp.
A (in)eficácia do dever informacional nas relações de consumo: como superar a desconfiança recíproca entre consumidores e fornecedores no ambiente pré-contratual?
Authors: Soares Dennis Verbicaro , De Alcântara Ana Beatriz Quintas Santiago
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho analisa, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, a evolução do instituto da oferta sob um prisma técnico-jurídico, a partir de uma compreensão individualista da vontade até sua necessária relativização imposta pelos constantes desafios do mercado de consumo, cujos principais atores se encontram imersos num ambiente de desconfiança recíproca e o Estado pouco envolvido no exercício de sua função mediadora. O aprimoramento da oferta através do acesso a um melhor conteúdo informacional pelo consumidor favorecerá o exercício responsável de sua liberdade de escolha e, por conseguinte, a elevação dos níveis de qualidade dos bens de consumo. Abre-se, portanto, espaço para a modernização social, de modo que as preferências e necessidades do consumidor sejam sopesadas e discutidas em condições de igualdade no debate político.
车载空气净化器设计方案研究
Authors: 施 晓良
Published: June 2017

讲述空气净化器的发展前景和车载空气净化器的研究价值，介绍室内空气净化器的工作原理。结合滤网式和负氧离子式空气净化器
的原理，设计一款车载空气净化器。
关于房屋建筑设计中节能设计的探讨
Authors: 余 东岩
Published: June 2017

随着社会的快速发展，建筑行业也得到了迅猛发展。如今，人们对环保节能问题的关注程度正在逐渐提高。虽然我国是资源大国，
但是资源人均占有量却非常少。建筑行业本身就存在着能源消耗大，环境污染严重的问题。因此，国家对建筑行业的能源消耗给与高度关注，希
望通过节能设计降低能源的消耗。但是，从房屋建筑节能设计现状可以看出，房屋建筑节能设计中存在着很多问题。建筑企业必须详细分析节能
设计存在问题的原因，并针对存在的问题进行调整。
现象学与场所
Authors: 桑 秀卓
Published: June 2017

基于这样的时代背景在本世纪的二三十年代，德国哲学家胡塞尔提出了现象学的理论，开启了人本主义哲学的大门。现象学作为现
代哲学中的重要思想流派，对建筑理论的发展产生了深远的影响，其所倡导的场所理论强调从场所特质进行着手的设计理念，将建筑与场所作为
一个统一的整体来对待，这种设计方法极大程度上的批判了现代建筑无环境无地域的做法，对建筑设计产生了重要的影响。
低能耗污水处理系统在新农村建设中的应用
Authors: 赵 乐浒
Published: June 2017

随着我国经济的快速发展，农民收入的不断提高，农村的生活方式也发生了巨大的变化；自来水的普及，卫生洁具、洗衣机、沐浴 设施 等走进平常百姓家，农村的人均日用水量和生活污水排放量急增，产生了大量生活污水，因此急需研究新农村的低耗能污水系统，提出适合 我国的多 样化农村污水处理系统，并从根本上节约治污成本，减轻政府财政负担，优化农村生活环境。
电气自动化在建筑节能中的应用研究
Authors: 莫 雪磊
Published: June 2017

新时期，在社会经济不断进步的过程中，我国加快了城市建设的步伐，建筑业迎来广阔发展空间，现阶段，高层及智能建筑几乎成 为我 国城市建设及经济发展的重要标志。 高层及智能建筑具有功能庞大、系统复杂的特点，在积极加强建筑节能研究的过程中，必须充分考虑电 气自动化 系统的有效应用。该系统不仅能够提升建筑使用效率，还能够在联动效应的基础上，提升建筑的安全性，同时促使各项建筑功能得以最 大程度的发挥
对我国建筑节能采暖通风措施的探讨
Authors: 王 雪琨
Published: June 2017

随着基础设施和基础技能的发展完善，人们对于节能建筑工程也给予更多的重视。 现阶段，人们对住房的要求也越来越高，尤其是 在采 暖通风方面，因其设计的好坏直接影响着人们的住房质量，同时也影响着承建企业在行业内的发展。本文重点介绍了采暖和通风的有关措施 以及国家 政府的举措来加大对建筑节能的控制与管理，最终为实现能源的节约服务，为降低能源的损耗服务。
管道智能测试桩在长输管线的应用
Authors: 杜 利刚
Published: June 2017

我国的原油贮量丰厚，进口原油逐年增加。 目前，国内针对原油的运送方式主要采用管道加热输送工艺。原油在管道输送中每间隔 40— 90km 就设一个分站来进行加热、加压。在分站之间每公里安装一个测试桩用于检测管道阴极保护电位，管道阴极保护电位的检测只能到现场 检查，不 具备连续测量及远传功能，而且功能较为单一。不适应现代化管理的要求。
基于园林绿化中建筑节能的实现策略
Authors: 刘 春来
Published: June 2017

为了创建一个更好的节约型社会，提高资源的利用率，节约型园林建设成为我国基础建设中非常重要的内容。 但是园林施工项目作 为一 个较大的工程，牵涉到各种资源的综合运用以及合理安排。 因此，为了节约资源，确保园林施工的环保性和节能性，可在园林施工中的各个 环境运用 节能型技术，以实现园林的节约型目标。本文主要对园林绿化中建筑节能的实现策略进行了分析研究。
浅谈消防工程施工及安全管理
Authors: 周 佩华
Published: June 2017

我国国民经济的飞速发展极大的带动了建筑行业规模的迅速扩大，目前，城乡各地均存在着大量的建筑工地，这在推动我国建筑行 业蓬 勃发展的同时，也给施工现场消防安全管理工作带来了新的要求和挑战。 因此，就需要做好消防工程施工和安全管理工作，重视消防工程施 工的每一 个环节，包括资质认证、施工监督、验收检查等，保证消防施工质量，做好安全管理工作。本文就建筑工地施工现场存在的安全问题进 行了分析，阐 述了建筑工程施工现场消防安全的处理措施。
新能源汽车车身轻质材料应用
Authors: 陈 明达
Published: June 2017

汽车的轻量化主要是确保汽车在比较牢固以及安全情况下，最大可能将汽车的整体重量减少。 研究表明，一旦汽车重量减少 10%， 燃油 效率将增加 6%-8%，整体耗油程度减少 6%-10%，减少了燃油消耗程度，降低排放率，提高资源的使用效率，增加了汽车使用时间，增强使 用性能。 所以文中将对新能源汽车车身轻质材料的使用进行研究
杂散电流对管道的影响
Authors: 杜 利刚
Published: June 2017

随着我国管道工业的发展和电气化铁路、高压输电系统的大量建设，由于地理位置的限制，在输油管道与电力线路和电气化铁路的 设计和建设过程中不可避免的出现并行敷设、交叉穿越、共用走廊的情况，彼此会产生干扰和影响，处理不当会对输油管道产生很大的危害。 为 保证 输油管道安全运行，减少管道腐蚀，在工程设计和建设中必须将这种影响控制在允许范围内。
W cieniu. Zofii Tołstojowej (1844–1919) i Anny Dostojewskiej (1846–1918) skrywane pisarstwo
Authors: Walęciuk-Dejneka Beata
Published: June 2017

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Первая аграрная программа Конституционно-Демократической Партии
Authors: Wiśniewski Edward
Published: June 2017

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Jarosław Kita, Luminarze nauki polskiej w Uniwersytecie Łódzkim. Pro memoria, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2015, ss. 338
Authors: Przeniosło Małgorzata
Published: June 2017

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Ziemianie Mazowsza. Ziemianie mazowieccy wobec obronności Ojczyzny. Od Konfederacji barskiej po II wojnę światową, pod red. Jarosława Kity, Bogumiły Umińskiej, Muzeum Szlachty Mazowieckiej w Ciechanowie, Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Ciechanów–Łódź 2015, ss. 303
Authors: Klemba Urszula
Published: June 2017

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Krzysztof Kawalec, Roman Dmowski, wyd. 2 uzupełnione i poszerzone, Wyd. „Zysk i S-ka”, Poznań 2016, ss. 630.
Authors: Andrzejczak Michał
Published: June 2017

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Zmiany demograficzne jako wyzwanie dla polityki lokalnej. Przykład Rokietnicy w aglomeracji poznańskiej
Authors: Bąkowska Edyta
Published: June 2017

Aglomeracja poznańska stanowi jeden z najszybciej rozwijających się obszarów podmiejskich w Polsce. Intensywne procesy migracyjne na tym obszarze spowodowały w latach 2002–2015 wzrost liczby mieszkańców o 35,9%, wpływając na konieczność sprostania przez władze lokalne nowym wyzwaniom związanym ze zmianami demograficznymi oraz przestrzennymi. Celem autorki artykułu jest identyfikacja procesów zachodzących w podpoznańskiej gminie Rokietnica, w której pomimo znaczącego przyrostu ludności udało się w ostatnich latach podjąć kroki przeciwdziałające negatywnym skutkom intensywnej suburbanizacji.
Identyfikacja czynników wpływających na zanieczyszczenie powietrza w Zduńskiej Woli w latach 2012–2014 z wykorzystaniem narzędzi GIS
Authors: Kubiak Alina
Published: June 2017

W artykule poruszono problem zanieczyszczenia powietrza w Zduńskiej Woli w latach 2012–2014. Skupiono się na identyfikacji czynników wpływających na zanieczyszczenie powietrza w mieście oraz lokalizacji tzw. obszarów problemowych. Celem było również wskazanie przydatności metod analiz przestrzennych opracowanych za pomocą narzędzi GIS w badaniach nad zanieczyszczeniem środowiska. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wpływ emisji dwutlenku węgla pochodzącego z budownictwa mieszkaniowego i komunalnego oraz z transportu na stan powietrza w mieście.
Depopulacja zespołów miejskich w sudeckiej części Dolnego Śląska
Authors: Szmytkie Robert
Published: June 2017

Głównym celem opracowania jest analiza zmian ludnościowych, jakie miały miejsce w aglomeracjach jeleniogórskiej i wałbrzyskiej w latach 1995–2014. Sytuację demograficzną Jeleniej Góry i Wałbrzycha pogorszyły niekorzystne zmiany społeczno-gospodarcze i administracyjne w latach 90. XX w. Ubytek liczby ludności w tych miastach nie jest rekompensowany przez procesy suburbanizacji w ich otoczeniu. Dotyczy to w szczególności aglomeracji wałbrzyskiej, gdzie rozwój suburbanizacji utrudnia słabość bazy ekonomicznej tutejszych ośrodków miejskich oraz niekorzystny wizerunek Wałbrzycha i całego regionu wałbrzyskiego. Negatywny wpływ na sytuację demograficzną obu zespołów miejskich ma także oddziaływanie niedalekiego Wrocławia.
Morphological studies and meiotic chromosome analysis of Epimedium elatum (Morr & Decne) - Rare endemic medicinal plant of Northwestern Himalayas in India.
Authors: Lone Sajad Ahmad , Hassan Qazi Pervaiz , Gupta Suphla , Mushatq Saleem , Sultan Phalisteen , Bedi Yashbir Singh
Published: June 2017

Epimedium elatum (Berberidaceace) is a rare endemic medicinal herb of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Recent ethnopharmacological reports have demonstrated its traditional medicinal use against various bone related diseases in the Kashmir Himalayas. It owes its pharmaceutical importance due to high concentration of flavonoid glycosides like Epimedin A, B, C and Icariin which are known mainly for aphrodisiac, antiosteoporosis, anticancer, antioxidant, antiaging, antifatigue and antiviral activities. It is a neglected medicinal plant in Northwestern Himalayan region and may fall in the list of endangered species due to continuous anthropogenic pressures in its native habitats. In this study, we investigated distributional and altitudinal range of this prized species from twenty diverse eco-geographical zones of Kashmir Himalayas for the first time. We also report here its diversity in morphological attributes both in wild and captive cultivation. The species has a very small population size in most of the surveyed habitats with no natural protection. Under cultivation it showed increased plant height (63.09±4.9cm), more number of leaves (95.53±11cm) and flowers (160.76±20cm), indicating importance of high altitude medicinal garden for its immediate ex situ conservation. Further, the acetocarmine staining and squashing of young anthers confirmed it as a diploid species (2n=12) like other Epimedium species. Chromosome number and meiotic abnormalities are also reported for the first time in the species. Finally, constant anthropogenic pressures in Northwestern Himalayas demand immediate in situ and ex situ conservation programmes for E.elatum.
Editorial
Authors: Suzigan Wilson
Published: June 2017

Neste número da RBI, a seção Ideias Fundadoras reproduz um capítulo do livro The accumulation of capital, de Joan Robinson, publicado em 1956. O capítulo – Technical Progress – é um dos três que compõem o segundo tópico do livro, que aborda a acumulação de capital no longo prazo. Claudia Heller faz uma primorosa apresentação desse capítulo, em que situa o tema “progresso técnico” na obra de Joan Robinson e no contexto do fértil debate econômico dos anos 1930 até o imediato pós-guerra, discute o conceito de progresso técnico utilizado no capítulo, bem como as razões dessa utilização, e destaca os pontos mais importantes das contribuições de Joan Robinson para a análise da economia capitalista em que ocorre progresso técnico.
Apresentação: Joan Robinson - The Accumulation of Capital
Authors: Heller Claudia
Published: June 2017

O texto “Technical progress”, reproduzido nessa seção, corresponde ao nono capítulo do livro The accumulation of capital, de Joan Robinson, publicado em 1956. O objetivo central deste livro – o desenvolvimento de uma teoria do investimento de longo prazo cuidando de tratar o tempo no sentido histórico – era uma meta bastante ambiciosa, pois procurava levar em conta a distribuição da renda, as várias formas possíveis de progresso técnico e as diferentes alternativas de estrutura de mercado (ou formas de concorrência). A obra traduz os resultados do War Circus e representa o melhor exemplo da estratégia de exposição típica de Joan Robinson: o “método das aproximações sucessivas”, em que, começando com um modelo simples, vão sendo incorporadas novas variáveis ou passa-se a supor variações no que antes era considerado constante.
A Estruturação do Sistema de Produção e Inovação Sucroalcooleiro como Base para o Proálcool
Authors: Dunham Fabrício Brollo , Bomtempo José Vitor , Fleck Denise Lima
Published: June 2017

O artigo mostra como o processo de estruturação do Sistema de Produção e Inovação Sucroalcooleiro – SPIS, no período anterior a 1975, pode ter sido importante para o sucesso do Programa Nacional do Álcool – Proálcool. Implementado em novembro de 1975, o Proálcool é considerado um programa de referência na substituição dos combustíveis líquidos fósseis por fontes renováveis de energia. A análise da estruturação do SPIS tomou como base o mapeamento das funções que influenciaram esse sistema, entre 1875 e 1975. O artigo identifica seis motores que transformaram o SPIS, no período anterior a 1975, e que podem explicar as diferenças entre os modelos produtivos do Nordeste do Brasil e do Estado de São Paulo, a mudança no paradigma de desenvolvimento e seleção de variedades de cana, a formação do mercado de álcool combustível no Brasil, a expansão produtiva da agroindústria sucroalcooleira de São Paulo e sua interação com a indústria de equipamentos.
Exigências Ambientais Europeias: novos Desafios Competitivos para o Complexo Eletrônico Brasileiro
Authors: Ansanelli Stela Luiza de Mattos
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar as implicações das exigências ambientais europeias para equipamentos eletroeletrônicos sobre o complexo eletrônico brasileiro. Essas determinações, que tratam da eliminação de substâncias perigosas e da gestão dos resíduos de produtos eletrônicos, têm atingido não só as empresas do setor em nível internacional, mas também o complexo eletrônico brasileiro. A maior parte das empresas do setor no Brasil está se adequando ao requisito que restringe o uso de substâncias perigosas. Os principais efeitos desse processo são o desenvolvimento de inovações tecnológicas e alterações nas relações contratuais entre as empresas do setor. As filiais estrangeiras estão mais avançadas do que as nacionais quanto ao período de ajuste às novas regras e ao desempenho tecnológico alcançado, sinalizando um alinhamento com as estratégias das matrizes. O descumprimento dessas exigências pelas empresas nacionais evita ganhos comerciais e gera indagações quanto às políticas que devem ser adotadas pelo país.
Apresentação: Giovanni Dosi - Institutions and Markets in a Dynamic World
Authors: Possas Mario Luiz
Published: June 2017

Este artigo de G. Dosi teve importante repercussão quando foi publicado. Trabalhos relevantes não deixam de sê-lo por serem datados, mas este tem, entre outros méritos, o de permanecer plenamente atual depois de tantos anos. O principal motivo a meu ver consiste numa bem-sucedida articulação entre abrangência temática e insight analítico. De um lado, o escopo do artigo envolve nada menos que as relações entre processos de mercado, instituições e políticas num contexto – teórico e factual – dinâmico e internacional de mudança tecnológica. De outro lado, o autor não se limita a expor convincentemente vários “fatos estilizados” quanto às relações entre mercados, instituições e progresso técnico, mas procura explicitar de forma sistemática as bases teóricas não-neoclássicas que sustentam tais proposições acima do campo puramente empírico, muitas das quais desenvolvidas em outros trabalhos do autor. O resultado é um amplo conjunto de referências analíticas para políticas estruturantes – industrial e tecnológica –, rico de sugestões para uma agenda não-ortodoxa, aí incluídas economias recém-industrializadas.
Uma avaliação exploratória do Fundo Setorial da Saúde
Authors: Silva Thiago Caliari , Ruiz Ricardo Machado
Published: June 2017

A instituição dos Fundos Setoriais (FS), dentro do contexto do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FNDCT), significou uma mudança importante no financiamento tecnológico brasileiro, por tratar setores industriais dentro de suas particularidades. O objetivo do presente artigo é estudar o Fundo Setorial da Saúde (CT-Saúde), valendo-se de base de dados inédita disponibilizadas pelo Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia. Dentre os principais resultados, pode-se destacar (i) participação modesta do CT-Saúde dentro dos financiamentos ao Sistema Setorial de Inovação da Saúde; (ii) objetivos próximos às políticas de saúde pública (especificamente às necessidades do SUS); (iii) baixa relevância das firmas industrias e pouca interação entre estas e universidades e institutos de pesquisa e (iv) fragmentação das estratégias de financiamento, a se contar os repasses realizados por demais CT de financiamento horizontal.
HURTADO, Diego. La Ciencia Argentina - Un proyecto inconcluso: 1930-2000. Buenos Aires: Edhasa, 2010
Authors: Poletto Ricardo dos Santos
Published: June 2017

Do alto da tradição científica que lhe valeu três Prêmios Nobel, a Argentina apresenta uma trajetória nesse campo, ao mesmo tempo, rica e inconstante. O físico Diego Hurtado, doutor em física pela Universidade de Buenos Aires (UBA) e professor de História da Ciência na Universidade San Martín (UNSAM), aceitou o desafio de compor essa narrativa, percorrendo os labirintos e encruzilhadas das instituições e projetos políticos no campo da ciência e tecnologia nacional. Para tanto, o autor adota a interessante perspectiva da história das instituições, opção que se prova euristicamente interessante para refletir sobre fortalezas e, sobretudo, descontinuidades da produção científica na periferia.
Apresentação: Christopher Freeman - The Determinants of Innovation
Authors: Velho Léa
Published: June 2017

Chris Freeman foi o primeiro professor que tive quando cheguei ao Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), em agosto de 1981, para cursar o doutorado. Entretanto, a disciplina que eu fazia com ele, intitulada History, Philosophy and Perspectives of Science, não era em nível de pós-graduação, mas sim oferecida aos estudantes de primeiro ano de graduação em ciências – química, física e biologia – da Universidade de Sussex, Inglaterra. Durante duas horas por semana, Chris Freeman falava a um auditório com mais de 200 alunos sobre as relações entre ciência e sociedade ao longo da história e em como pensava que seria possível construir essa relação no futuro, de modo que o mundo se tornasse mais justo e um lugar melhor para se viver. As aulas de graduação de Chris eram famosas na Universidade de Sussex, atraindo todos os estudantes de doutorado que chegavam ao SPRU. Logo entendi a razão para essa fama: a qualidade das suas aulas, a incrível combinação de erudição com total ausência de arrogância e a capacidade de ilustrar argumentos cristalinos com casos do mundo “real” e corrente prendiam a atenção e o interesse de todos. Em meio a silêncio absoluto e sem qualquer tipo de nota ou dispositivo, Chris expunha a narrativa que havia resultado de suas reflexões a respeito da extensa e variada literatura sobre os temas tratados, assim como de suas próprias pesquisas. Nesse processo, ficava clara sua posição antielitista no sentido estrito e amplo do termo, algo que certamente fazia parte de suas convicções políticas.
Uma conspiração multidimensional em torno da indústria de software: argumentos para a intervenção em setores de alta intensidade tecnológica
Authors: Araújo Silvio Vanderlei , Sousa Alisson Santos de , Araújo Emerson Wilian
Published: June 2017

Este artigo analisa o debate atual relacionado à intervenção estatal nas indústrias de alta intensidade tecnológica. Por um lado, existem argumentos contra tais intervenções que consideram essas indústrias setores também intensivos em capital. Ao contrário do que se pensa, para esta corrente, a intensidade de capital – e não a tecnológica – seria o fator determinante da adição de valor. Por ouro lado, foi possível provar, neste trabalho, que existe ao menos uma indústria de alta intensidade tecnológica, intensiva em trabalho e não em capital, com alto valor adicionado, que gera diversas externalidades positivas em âmbitos social e econômico: a indústria de software. Tais externalidades servem como importantes argumentos para justificar a intervenção estatal em setores de alta intensidade tecnológica e lança dúvidas sobre o argumento da exclusividade do capital como determinante de adição de valor.
Inovações tecnológicas de embalagens nas indústrias de alimentos: estudo de caso da adoção de embalagem ativa em empresas de torrefação de café
Authors: César Aldara da Silva , Mori Cláudia de , Batalha Mário Otávio
Published: June 2017

Grande parcela das inovações tecnológicas dos sistemas agroindustriais é gerada pelas “indústrias de apoio”, grupo no qual as indústrias de embalagens se inserem. Esse artigo discute as inovações em embalagens destinadas à indústria de alimentos, em especial as chamadas embalagens ativas. Discute-se o caso de adoção da válvula unidirecional de alívio de gases, descrevendo a inovação e seus impactos em duas indústria processadoras de café nas empresas. A pesquisa desenvolvida é de ordem documental e qualitativo-descritiva de caráter empírica, usando técnica de análise de documentação indireta e estudo de caso . No caso abordado, a válvula possibilitou a diversificação da linha de produtos e o incremento da sua qualidade, não havendo complicações no que se refere ao repasse do custo adicional para o consumidor desse produto. Contudo, verifica-se que esse custo adicional da adoção da tecnologia dificulta a difusão da válvula em produtos similares.
Deadwood Density and Moisture Variation in a Natural Temperate Spruce-Fir-Beech Forest
Authors: Přívětivý Tomáš , Baldrian Petr , Šamonil Pavel , Vrška Tomáš
Published: June 2017

Deadwood represents a source of nutrients, carbon and water for metabolism within forest ecosystem. Nutrients are mobilized due to the decomposition of wood, which is a long-term process that can be best studied by analysing environmental data on a temporary scale. Our study provides physico-temporal data on the downed logs of three major tree species in European temperate forests: Abies alba Mill., Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. Time since death was obtained using tree censuses (repeated for 40 years) and dendrochronology for each single downed log, the oldest being 75 years old. Standard laboratory methods were used for the determination of wood density and moisture changes. F. sylvatica was decomposed rapidly in the initial phase – mass loss was 50% during the 5 years after death, while A. alba and P. abies lost 13% and 16%, respectively. Downed logs of F. sylvatica contained 391 kg of water per m3, while these of P. abies 279 kg. A log-transformed linear model was created that shows the dependence of time since death on mass loss. According to the model, F. sylvatica had the shortest total decomposition time (39 years), followed by A. alba (58 years) and P. abies (86 years).
Effect of the Alexander Technique on Muscle Activation, Movement Kinematics, and Performance Quality in Collegiate Violinists and Violists: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Thurmer Harvey P , Berg William P , Cook Henry E , Smart L James
Published: June 2017

Musicians are trained to attend to aural and visual senses, to the detriment of kinesthetic awareness, which often results in unnecessary muscle tension and narrowed attentional focus. The Alexander technique (AT) addresses these concerns by approaching action using a process of whole-body
consciousness. Incorporation of AT concepts into skill practice may reduce static tension in playing and result in both prevention of injury and improved quality of performance, but objective evidence of these effects is lacking. This pilot feasibility study was designed to determine if muscle
activation, movement kinematics, musical performance, and qualitative self-assessment over the course of a 10- week AT intervention are viable means to assess the efficacy of AT in violinists/ violists. Two groups of collegiate violinists and violists participated: Group A (n=4) participated
in weekly 1-hour group AT lessons and kept a personal journal of their progress. Group B (n=3) received no AT lessons. Pre- and post tests included muscle activation recorded using electromyography (EMG) and movement kinematics recorded via motion tracking as musicians played a scale and a
Kreutzer étude. Performance was also video-recorded and evaluated by an expert for quality and kinesthetic awareness. The results suggest that the measures and intervention employed could, with some adaptation, be a viable means of determining the potential benefits of AT training.
Musculoskeletal Problems in Pianists and Their Influence on Professional Activity
Authors: Ciurana Moñino María R , Rosset-Llobet Jaume , Cibanal Juan Luis , García Manzanares María D , Ramos-Pichardo Juan D
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Professional musical performance requires static postures and repetitive movements that may cause musculoskeletal problems in performers. Elite pianists are especially at risk for these disorders, which may cause discomfort but also affect their work. The objective of this
study was to describe the most frequent musculoskeletal problems observed in pianists, and to explore the influence of these disorders on their professional activities from the perspective of the pianists themselves. METHODS: Musculoskeletal problems were defined in accordance with the International
Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), and an analysis was conducted of medical records of 183 professional pianists held by a performing arts clinic (Terrassa, Spain). In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 pianists (6 students, 12 teachers, and 2 performers), followed by content
analysis of the transcripts to explore musicians’ perceptions. RESULTS: We identified a total of 20 different problems, which principally involved the upper body (arms and back). Regardless of occupation or age, all respondents reported having musculoskeletal problems and that these
impacted on their professional activity. Interviewees also identified a lack of support or advice on how to prevent these problems. CONCLUSION: Musculoskeletal problems, principally those involving the upper body, are very common among pianists and affect their professional activity. It is
necessary to include risk prevention information starting in the early stages of musicians’ training programs.
FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING BY DISTRICT / MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT IN INDONESIA1
Authors: Kusuma Indra , Perdana Halim Dedy , Suranta Sri
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze and obtain empirical evidence about the influence of fraud diamond (pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and capability) on fraudulent financial reporting in the public sector. Opinion on the financial statements of the district / municipal government in Indonesia is used as a proxy to indicate fraudulent financial reporting. The population used in this research is the district / municipal governments in Indonesia. The total samples are 437 district / municipal governments obtained through convenience sampling method. This research uses secondary data drawn from BPK’s Audit Reports of 2014 and 2015 and BPK’s Audit Results Summary of the First Semester (IHPS) of 2015. To analyze the data, this research uses logistic regression analysis with the SPSS 20.0 software tools. The results show that the factor of pressure, ie financial target that is proxied by percentage of budget realization has negative effect on fraudulent financial reporting; the factor of opportunity, ie related party transaction that is proxied by income transfers from the central government and internal control weakness that is proxied by audit findings of internal control systems in BPK’s Audit Result Reports has positive effect on fraudulent financial reporting, ie the factor of capability that is proxied by changes of regent / mayor has positive effect on fraudulent financial reporting, while the factor of pressure, ie external pressure that is proxied by local government capability of paying its liabilities (leverage) and the factor of rationalization that is proxied by previous year non-unqualified opinion has no significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting.
Los mecanismos de reforma a la constitución y la legitimación a los acuerdos de paz
Authors: Sañudo Ospina José Luis
Published: June 2017

El Estado colombiano se encuentra “ad portas” de cerrar uno de los capítulos más lamentables en su historia: el conflicto con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC). Tras más de tres años de negociaciones, las partes han llegado a importantes acuerdos, destacándose el des-escalamiento del conflicto armado y  consensos frente a  mecanismos de justicia transicional.  Con estos puntos claros,  se da pie a que el Estado haga uso de los medios constitucionales y legales para la incorporación de los acuerdos de paz al ordenamiento jurídico nacional. El presidente Santos ha convocado al pueblo colombiano a la votación de un plebiscito que, para sorpresa de gran parte del electorado, no obtuvo el porcentaje necesario para refrendar los acuerdos de paz. Esto  ha dejado a los mismos en una incertidumbre frente a la vía idónea para su aprobación,  barajándose posibilidades como la legitimación ante el congreso, el cabildo abierto, y hasta un nuevo plebiscito. El  objetivo de este artículo es analizar los principales mecanismos de reforma a la constitución que consagra el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano como medios  legitimadores a los diálogos de paz. Plantearemos conceptos, regulación legal y constitucional, así como también  semejanzas y diferencias existentes entre los mecanismos de participación ciudadana y reforma constitucional que pudiesen resultar apropiados para la materialización de  los resultados  esperados por el gobierno frente al proceso de paz.
Puerto Rico y migración: una aproximación a través de los cuentos de José Luis González
Authors: Rodríguez Silva David , Casas Sosa Daniela
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se analiza una selección de cuentos del escritor José Luis González (1926-1997), caracterizados por tratar el tema de la migración puertorriqueña a mediados del siglo XX. A manera de introducción, damos un panorama general de los antecedentes históricos, sociales y políticos que propiciaron la migración en Puerto Rico. Posteriormente, exponemos y analizamos las causas y consecuencias de dicho fenómeno a nivel interno, es decir, del que ocurrió del campo a las urbes. Con respecto a la migración externa, tratamos tópicos como las condiciones laborales, estabilidad económica, calidad de vida e identidad de los puertorriqueños en los Estados Unidos. Por último, abordamos la discriminación que padecen los inmigrantes en las grandes metrópolis a través del “racismo cultural”, concepto que explica la instauración del imaginario de la comunidad puertorriqueña, el cual facilitó la conformación de una fuerza de trabajo barata y a  la vez ocultó las verdaderas causas de su marginación en los ámbitos educativo y laboral. Como conclusión damos cuenta de la importancia de estudiar la obra de José Luis González para comprender aspectos del fenómeno de la migración y su impacto, no sólo en el Caribe sino en el mundo en general.