bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Construction of Strategic Narrative in the Saudi-Iranian Regional Rivalry: The Case of the Yemeni Civil War
Authors: Akdoğan İsmail , Küpeli Mustafa Şeyhmus , Gürler Recep Tayyip
Published: June 2022

This study discusses strategic narratives of Saudi Arabia and Iran through the example of the Yemeni Civil War (2011-2021). During their regional power struggle, the two countries construct their narratives against each other by means of the media. The strategic narratives of Saudi Arabia and Iran are examined at three levels: issue, identity and system narratives. The research has intended to determine how the media of the two countries define the Yemeni Civil War, the identity references they have made to each other and the type of regional order they have envisioned. An issue-based news survey was conducted a ten-year period by selecting three international media outlets of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The news texts were analyzed by applying the qualitative content analysis technique. . It was observed that by using the strategic narrative as a tool, the two regional rival powers made a great effort to present their attitudes and behavior as legitimate, and the other side as illegitimate in the presence of international public opinion.
Dijital Teknoloji Çağında İsrail Savunma Güçlerinin Kamu Diplomasisi Faaliyetleri: Twitter Paylaşımları Örneği
Authors: Cankara Pınar Özden , Cankara Yavuz
Published: June 2022

Bilişim teknolojilerinin endüstriyel üretim ile bütünleşmesiyle Sanayi Devrimi’nin dördüncü fazı olarak adlandırılan yeni bir dönemece girilmiştir. Başta ulus devletler olmak üzere uluslararası sistemde yer alan diğer tüm aktörler de bu süreçte yeni sosyalleşme alanı olan internet ve sosyal medyayı kendi çıkarları için kullanmaya başlamıştır. Görsel ve yazılı medya üzerinden halklar nezdinde algı yaratma süreci olarak tanımlanabilecek kamu diplomasisi bu noktada devreye girmektedir. Hamas, İslami Cihat Örgütü ve Hizbullah ile sürekli mücadele içinde bulunan İsrail Savunma Güçleri (İSG), terörle mücadele adı altında orantısız güç uygulamaktadır. Bu nedenle uluslararası toplumda İsrail’e ve İSG’ye karşı tepki oluşmaya başlamıştır. İsrail militarist bir devlet olarak etiketlenmekte, İSG askerleri ise acımasız olarak görülmektedir. Yumuşak ve akıllı güç uygulamaları ve kamu diplomasisi hem İsrail hem de İSG için bu nedenle önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, akıllı güç stratejisi ve bir kamu diplomasisi olarak İSG’nin 2000’li yıllarda nasıl bir imaj düzeltme ve marka yaratma stratejisi izlediğini analiz etmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışmada içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak 2018-2020 yılları arasında İSG’nin resmî Twitter hesabından atılan tweetler incelenmiştir. İSG’nin Nicholas Cull’un tarif ettiği şekilde kamu diplomasisi uygulamaları yaptığı ve bir yandan da Twitter üzerinden hem hakkında oluşan negatif söylemlerden kurtulmaya çalıştığı hem de kriz anlarında olayları maniple etmeye çalıştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Doğum Öncesinden Ölüm Sonrasına Sonsuzluk Tasarısı olarak Teknolojikleştirilmiş Yaşam
Authors: Demir Sertaç Timur
Published: June 2022

Bu makalede sınırsız genişleme eğilimi gösteren gündelik teknoloji, modern insanın doğum öncesinden başlayarak ölümüne uzanan güncel pratikleri bağlamında ele alınmaktadır. Bu amaçla popüler bilim kurgu dizisi olan Black Mirror’ın Arkangel, Hemen Döneceğim ve San Junipero epizotları üzerinden teknolojinin yaşama ve ölüme nasıl müdahale ettiği irdelenmektedir. Çalışmada dizinin teknik analizi göz ardı edilmeden ama esas olarak anlatılarda belirginleşen güncel sosyal ve beşerî açmazlar öne çıkarılmaktadır. Bu açıdan bedeni yeniden formatlayan gen eksenli tıbbi çalışmalar, dijital kontrol ve gözetime yeni bir boyut katan akıllı ve sentetik teknolojiler, ölüme ve ölümsüzlüğe dair ortaya atılan çağdaş tıbbi ve teknobilimsel varsayımlar tartışılmaktadır. Makalenin teorik çerçevesini Jean Baudrillard, David Le Breton ve Byung Chul Han gibi toplumsal yapı ve ilişkilerdeki değişimin ağırlıkla teknolojinin güdümünde gerçekleştiğini düşünen ve bu önü alınmaz gidişata eleştirel yaklaşan teorisyenler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın ana çıkarımına göre bedenin her noktasına inebilen teknolojiler, artık günlük yaşamın yalnızca konfor ve kolaylık eklentileri olmaktan çıkmakta ve insanın yazgısına eklemlenerek var olma ile yok olma arasındaki hemen tüm ontolojik süreçleri etkilemektedir. Bu, ölüme karşı yürütülen endüstriyel girişimleri de içine almakta ve ivlendirmektedir. Ne var ki söz konusu küresel trend, acı ve ölüm gibi esasında yaşamı kıymetli yapan insanlık hâllerinden mahrum kalan fSetmodern karakterler için aynı zamanda “doğal”ın ve “gerçek”in de yitimidir.
Eğitim Fakültelerindeki Akreditasyon Deneyimleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: Alpaydın Yusuf , Topal Meral
Published: June 2022

Dünya genelinde yükseköğretimdeki genişlemeyle birlikte eğitim talebinde bulunacak kişiler açısından kurumların kalitesini algılamanın ve sistemsel açıdan küresel yükseköğretim sektörü içerisinde edinilen becerilerin transfer edilebilirliğini sağlamanın önemli bir sorun haline geldiği görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda yükseköğretim kurumlarının kalite güvencesi sunması temel bir beklenti haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, yükseköğretim kurumlarından eğitim fakültelerindeki akreditasyon süreçleri ve deneyimlerinin irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda öğretim üyelerinin akreditasyon süreçlerine ilişkin genel algıları, yaşadıkları sorunlar, sürecin olumlu tarafları ve süreçle ilgili önerilerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseni benimsenmiştir. Akreditasyon çalışmalarında yer alma ölçütü kullanılarak çalışma grubu oluşturulmuş, çeşitliliği sağlamak adına hem vakıf hem devlet üniversitelerinde çalışan, idari görevi olan ve olmayan öğretim üyeleri ile görüşülmüştür. 7’si İstanbul, 2’si Zonguldak ve 3’ü de Eskişehir illerinde yer alan eğitim fakültelerinde görev yapan toplam 12 öğretim üyesi çalışma grubunda yer almıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler neticesinde elde edilen veriler, betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılarak çözümlenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Görüşmeler sonucunda veriler üç ana tema başlığı altında toplanmıştır. Bu temalar, öğretim üyelerinin akreditasyon sürecinde karşılaştığı sorunlar, sürecin olumlu yanları ve süreçle ilgili öneriler şeklindedir. Temalara ait en yüksek frekansa sahip “ekstra evrak ve iş yükü sorunu”, “eğitim içeriğine olumlu katkı”, “deneyimli kurumlarla iletişim önerisi” kodları sonuç olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.
Gelişmiş Batı Ülkelerinde Suç Oranlarının Düşmesinde Güvenlik Yaklaşımının Etkisi
Authors: Kızmaz Zahir
Published: June 2022

Bu makalede gelişmiş çok sayıda ülkede gözlemlenen suç oranlarının düşüşünü açıklama potansiyeline sahip olan fırsat teorilerinin ve bu teorilerle ilişkili olan güvenlik tezinin etkisine odaklanılmıştır. Çalışmada ilkin suç oranlarının düşmesinde etkili olduğu varsayılan önemli bazı faktörler ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda gelişmiş ülkelerdeki suç düşüşleri ağırlıklı olarak uyuşturucu kullanımının azalması, kürtajın yasallaşması, polis görünürlüğünün artması, yeni polislik modellerinin geliştirilmesi, hapsetme oranlarının artması, silah politikalarındaki değişiklikler, nüfus yapısının değişmesi ve ekonomik iyileşmeler gibi çok sayıda faktör ile açıklanmaktadır. Bu faktörlerin veya bu faktörlere ilişkin yaklaşımların çoğunun suç düşüşlerini açıklamada kısmen başarılı olabileceği ve özellikle de ABD’deki suç düşüşlerini açıklamaya daha uygun olduğu tezi ileri sürülmüştür. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, Avrupa ülkelerindeki düşüşleri de kapsayan daha genel bir açıklama çerçevesi olarak güvenlik tezinin açıklama potansiyelinin önemine ve etkisine işaret edilecektir. Güvenlik hipotezi veya yaklaşımı, suç oranlarının düşmesinin nedenini, suç fırsatlarını ortadan kaldırmayı amaçlayan güvenlik önlemlerinin geliştirilmesi, iyileştirilmesi ve uygulanması ile açıklamaktadır. Çalışmada ayrıca güvenlik tezi kapsamında, proaktif polislik modellerinin suç oranlarının düşmesindeki etkisi de vurgulanmaktadır.
Brain death debates: from bioethics to philosophy of science
Authors: Molina Pérez Alberto
Published: June 2022

50 years after its introduction, brain death remains controversial among scholars. The debates focus on one question: is brain death a good criterion for determining death? This question has been answered from various perspectives: medical, metaphysical, ethical, and legal or political. Most authors either defend the criterion as it is, propose some minor or major revisions, or advocate abandoning it and finding better solutions to the problems that brain death was intended to solve when it was introduced. Here I plead for a different approach that has been overlooked in the literature: the philosophy of science approach. Some scholars claim that human death is a matter of fact, a biological phenomenon whose occurrence can be determined empirically, based on science. We should take this claim seriously, whether we agree with it or not. The question is: how do we know that human death is a scientific matter of fact? Taking the philosophy of science approach means, among other things, examining how the determination of human death became an object of scientific inquiry, exploring the nature of the brain death criterion itself, and analysing the meaning of its core concepts such as “irreversibility” and “functions”.
Online randomised trials with children: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Lepage Simone , Conway Aislinn , Goodson Noah , Wicks Paul , Devane Declan
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This scoping review will determine how online, randomised trials with children are conducted. The objectives of the review are: (a) to determine what methods and tools have been used to create and conduct online trials with children and (b) to identify the gaps in the knowledge in this field.

Over the last decade, randomised trials employing online methods have gained traction. Decentralised methods lend themselves to certain types of trials and can offer advantages over traditional trial methods, potentially increasing participant reach and diversity and decreasing research waste.  However, decentralised trials that have all aspects of the trial exclusively online are not yet common, and those involving children even less so. This scoping review will describe and evaluate the methods used in these trials to understand how they may be effectively employed.

Methods: Methods are informed by guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews. The search strategy was developed in consultation with an information specialist for the following databases: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Embase. Grey literature searches will be completed with the consultation of experts in decentralised trials and digital health using internet searches and suitable trial registries. Once identified, included full-text studies’ references will be manually searched for any trials that may have been missed. We will include randomised and quasi-randomised trials conducted exclusively online with participants under the age of 18 published in English. We will not limit by country of conduct or date of publication. Data will be collected using a data charting tool and presented in text, graphical, and tabular formats.

Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval is not needed since all data sources used are publicly available. The review will be available as a preprint before publication in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal.
Assessment of the Costs of Preventive Works Concerning Fire Hazard on the Example of Selected Longwalls of Two Mining Companies
Authors: Musioł Dariusz
Published: June 2022

Aim: The article aims to present and evaluate the costs of preventive works carried out in 16 selected longwall panels in the mines of two coal mining com- panies. The article is based on the analysis of data made available by the companies, which the author has properly prepared to enable their comparison. Introduction: Fires occurring in coal mines are one of the more frequent technical hazards. Consequently, the mine’s ventilation departments are re- sponsible for carrying out preventive measures to limit and minimise the fire risk. The danger of a fire in mine workings is connected not only with the possibility of exogenic fire, which is influenced by external factors such as machine and equipment failures, short-circuits in electrical installations or the possibility of a fire on transport routes, but also with endogenic fire, which the low-temperature oxidation of coal may cause with the remains left in long- wall caving. The costs of prevention depend on the method of ventilation of the longwall faces and the coal’s susceptibility to spontaneous combustion. Methodology: The costs of coal mining are very high. They are related to the increasingly difficult mining conditions, which are influenced mainly by the increasing depth of exploitation and the increase in natural and technical hazards during mining work. The costs of mining within a longwall area are usually divided into the costs of starting up the longwall, its exploitation and liquidation. Within this division, more detailed cost analyses are rarely conducted. As part of the research conducted since 2015, ways of cost assessment were developed on the basis of appropriately prepared cost tables for various natural and technical hazards occurring within the ventilation hazards presented in the example discussed in the article. Based on the analyses of unit costs of fire hazard prevention elements obtained in coal companies and the developed cost tables, the costs of prevention works were compiled. The costs of prevention works were evaluated and compared for 16 longwall faces using the elaborated indices. Conclusions: Correctly applied fire hazard prevention in hard coal mines is one of the main elements of maintaining functional safety. Costs of hazard prevention in mines were usually compared together with the costs of exploitation, longwall equipment, media and crew working days. Cost tables were developed as part of the research to allow for cost assessment and determination of fire prevention cost indices. Keywords: coal mining, fire hazard, preventive work, cost of preventive work Type of article: review article
Eating disorders and their impact during the gestational period
Authors: Silva Fernanda B. , Pietro Luciana
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Eating disorders can cause numerous problems for the physiology of the female body and consequences, such as infertility and difficulties during pregnancy and childbirth, can occur if they are present during a woman's reproductive age. Objective: The objective of this research was to analyze the impacts for mother and child that may be somehow related to the nutritional deficiency, whether active or not, of these women. Methodology: The methodology used was a bibliographic survey in the platforms PubMed, BIREME, SCIELO, using combinations of the following keywords in English: Eating Disorder AND Pregnancy, Anorexia, Bulimia. Result: According to the studies analyzed, the existence of some type of eating disorder, whether active or not, had a negative impact on the pregnancies of these women. Miscarriages, stillborn babies, premature birth, premature placental displacement, small newborn gestational age, umbilical cord knots and even neurological deficits could occur. Discussion: Low body mass index (BMI) was one of the main subjects of discussion in the studies, since it can increase the risk of pregnancy because the mother’s nutrients are crucial for a healthy gestation. Thus, it was concluded that medical, nutritional and psychological follow-up are essential for women with eating disorders, regardless of type, to be able to have a safe pregnancy for themselves and their babies. Keywords: Eating disorders; Mother-child impacts; Nervous bulimia; Anorexia nervosa; Gestational complications.
Bioecology and Domiciliation of the Alkali Bee, Hoplonomia westwoodi (Gribodo, 1894) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Nomiinae) from India
Authors: Vijayakumar K T , Taredahalli Nayimabanu , Pannure Arati
Published: June 2022

We describe here nesting biology of Hoplonomia westwoodi, a common ground nesting solitary bee in India. A typical nest consisted of a straight main tunnel with the cells arranged horizontally at the end. Number of cells per nest ranged from 2 to 4 (x̄ = 2.67). Polypropylene bag and pot culture studies, to evaluate soil types preferred by the bees for nesting, showed that red soil + FYM (1:1) was the most preferred substrate with an average of 12.67 nests/bag. Maximum foraging activity was between 8:00 -13:00 hours. Though H. westwoodi bees were active throughout the year, higher foraging activity was observed between March to June.  The species being polylectic, foraged on flowers of several families including Myrtaceae, Lamiaceae, Portulacaceae, Convolvulaceae, Lythraceae, Meliaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Malvaceae. A cleptoparasite, Eupetersia sp. was observed in the nests of H. westwoodi, which is the first record of Eupetersia sp. parasitisation on the genus Hoplonomia.
Green edge emitting lasers with porous GaN cladding
Authors: Anderson Ryan , Zhang Haojun , Trageser Emily , Palmquist Nathan , Wong Matt , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven
Published: June 2022

GaN lasers with green emission wavelength at λ = 510 nm have been fabricated using novel nano-porous GaN cladding under pulsed electrical injection. The low slope efficiency of 0.13 W/A and high threshold current density of 14 kA/cm2 are related to a combination of poor injection efficiency and high loss, analyzed by the independent characterization methods of variable stripe length and segmented contacts. Continuous wave operation showed narrowed spectra and augmented spontaneous emission.
Investigation on the pulse response of a spin-exchange relaxation-free comagnetometer
Authors: Liu Jiali , Jiang Liwei , Liang Yixiang , Tian Mengnan , Quan Wei
Published: June 2022

We investigate the magnetic pulse response of the optically pumped comagnetometer operated in the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime. The pulse response model describing the evolution of the coupled spin ensemble of alkali metal and noble gas during and after the pulse is established for the first time. A three-beam comagnetometer is created with a circularly and two linearly polarized lasers to detect the responses in the three axes of the comagnetometer simultaneously and independently. The results indicate that the response to the small pulse excitation is dominated by the electron spins, while the response to the large pulse excitation and both responses after the pulse excitation consist of a fast and a slow oscillation, which are dominated by the electron spins and nuclear spins, respectively. We also observe novel dynamics of the coupled spin ensemble when the nuclear spins are tipped far away from equilibrium. The theory and method presented here can not only facilitate the investigation on the dynamics of the optically pumped coupled spin ensemble, but also shed light on the application of the pulse modulation technology in the SERF comagnetometer.
A low-loss zero-index photonic crystal slab based on toroidal dipole mode
Authors: Li Zhifeng , Lin Hai , Zhou Rui , Shi Xintong , Yu Zihao , Liu Y. , Wu Jian , Tang Rongxin
Published: June 2022

Zero-index medium has profound application for light manipulation. Certain types of dielectric photonic crystals (PCs) may have zero effective index since they form Dirac cone at the Γ point of their band structure. Although zero index photonic crystals provide a solution to impedance mismatch in photonic integrated circuits, its propagation modes strongly radiate to the surrounding environment, which hampers their application for high-density integration. In this paper, by an appropriate design of PC’s unit cell, toroidal dipole mode is excited at Dirac-point frequency through coupled Mie resonance to suppress radiative losses of other multipoles. The PCs with the Dirac-like dispersion at the Γ point can be mapped to an effective zero-index medium. The physical mechanism was utterly investigated by means of multipole decomposition and band structure analysis. Due to the non-radiation property of the toroidal dipole mode, the proposed photonic crystal slab process is low-loss based on numerical simulation. Moreover, its relatively simple design facilitates integration with future quantum photonic devices.
Damage self-healing method of composite structures based on bionic optical fiber
Authors: Shen L. B. , Jiang Y. X. , Tian L. P. , Chen M. Q.
Published: June 2022

Aiming at the self-diagnosis and self-healing problems of composite materials, inspired by the self-healing mechanism of organisms, this paper proposes a damage self-healing method for composite structures based on bionic optical fiber. The paper introduces the designed structure and material composition of the bionic optical fiber, and the self-healing principle of the bionic optical fiber-composite structure. Finally, the three-point bending method is used to conduct damage self-healing experimental research on the composite material, and the influence of the embedding of the bionic optical fiber on the structural properties of the composite material is also analyzed. The repaired images of the composite structure obtained by the microscope can be seen that the physical structure repair is well. Moreover, the damage self-healing experimental results show that the self-repair efficiency of the flexural properties of the composite structure is 65.05%. The proposal of bionic optical fiber has important significance and practical application value for the research on the damage self-healing of composite materials.
Das Büro – Eine Einführung
Authors: Käfer Alina , Bockstahler Milena , Jurecic Mitja
Published: June 2022

Der vorliegende Einführungsbeitrag stellt verschiedene Forschungsergebnisse des Fraunhofer IAO vor, welche die veränderten Anforderungen an die Arbeits- und Bürowelt aufzeigen. Darüber hinaus werden Erfolgsfaktoren für die Gestaltung zukünftiger Arbeits- und Büroumgebungen dargestellt, insbesondere für die erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit innerhalb von Teams. Schließlich werden beispielhaft Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) beschreiben.

Die COVID19-Pandemie ist ein einschneidendes Ereignis für die Arbeitswelt: viele Arbeitnehmende nutzen seitdem vollständig oder ergänzend zur Büroarbeit mobiles Arbeiten, um von zu Hause aus arbeiten zu können. Hybride Arbeitsmodelle, wie das kombinierte Arbeiten im Büro und von zu Hause aus oder unterwegs sind inzwischen in der breiten Masse der Unternehmen und für Wissensarbeitenden angekommen.

Unsere Studien zeigen, dass Beschäftigte vor allem für Konzentrationsarbeit und (Video‑)Telefonate gerne von zu Hause aus arbeiten, da sie diese Tätigkeiten dort besser erledigen können. Gründe hierfür liegen unter anderem in den Störfaktoren: So hat sich gezeigt, dass sich ein Großteil der Befragten bei ihrer Arbeit im Büro wesentlich gestörter fühlen als bei der Arbeit zu Hause, was wiederum auch mit den Arbeitsverhältnissen zu Hause zusammenhängt (u. a. Betreuungssituation, eigenes Arbeitszimmer). Bei der räumlich verteilten Zusammenarbeit muss zwingend darauf geachtet werden, dass der Informationsfluss zwischen den Mitarbeitenden, die Kreativität und die Produktivität nicht leiden. Unsere Studien belegen zudem, dass vor allem die persönliche Kommunikation und Kollaboration mit Kolleginnen und Kollegen wichtige Attraktoren sind, um in das Büro zu(rückzu)kehren.

Jeder Besuch im Büro folgt einer bewussten Entscheidung, z. B. soziales Netzwerken oder ob alle Aufgaben im Tagesverlauf effizient erledigt werden können. Bei der Gestaltung von Arbeits- und Büroumgebungen zeigt sich, dass vor allem vielfältige Arbeitsumgebungen mit unterschiedlichen Flächen für Zusammenarbeit, aber auch für Rückzug zur individuellen, fokussierten Einzelarbeit entscheidende Erfolgsfaktoren darstellen und zur Zufriedenheit der Mitarbeitenden wesentlich beitragen. Dabei ist vor allem auch die Flexibilität und individuelle Anpassbarkeit der Raum- und Bürostruktur von großer Bedeutung.

Die Ergebnisse der Studien zeigen, dass die Arbeits- und Büroflächen vielfältiger, flexibler und teamzentrierter werden müssen, um den sich verändernden Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. Mitarbeitenden sollten für jede ihrer Tätigkeiten den optimalen Arbeitsort und die für sie notwendigen technologischen Arbeitsmöglichkeiten bereitgestellt werden. Dabei kann der zielgerichtete Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie unterstützen.

Für Unternehmen empfiehlt sich, die Bedürfnisse und Tätigkeiten ihrer Mitarbeitenden genauer als bisher zu analysieren, um möglichst passgenaue Lösungen für die zukünftige, hybride Arbeits- und Bürowelt zu entwickeln.
Numerical Modelling of Moisture Transport in Concrete under High Temperatures
Authors:   , Pohl Christoph
Published: June 2022

Understanding the moisture transport inside concrete at elevated temperatures is key to understanding spalling risks. The three-phase finite element model (solid mass, dry air, water) solves the balance equations for solid phase, dry air, water vapour, liquid water and enthalpy. The model was written in FEniCS and solves the previously neglected skeleton mass balance by introducing the porosity as an additional independent variable. In addition to fulfilling the mass balance, this allows for one fewer constitutive equation, so that existing data can be used for validation. The model was experimentally validated with volumetric X-ray computer tomography data. An uncertainty quantification was performed for more informed decisions on the trust placed in the model. Variation in the input parameters were identified, the parameter space was sampled using Latin hypercube sampling and the resulting variation in the output variables determined. A numerical multiphase model allows the prediction of water content and pressures inside the pores. Solving the skeleton mass balance results in more realistic values for the skeleton mass density than previous models have exhibited. The model has shown that dehydration descriptions based on thermogravimetric analysis can not explain the moisture change seen in the CT data. The uncertainty quantification reveals a coefficient of variation of about 12 % to 16 % for the maximum gas pressure and its location, chosen as indicators for when and where spalling may occur. The maximum gas pressure attains approximately 7.5 MPa and occurs 50 mm to 100 mm from the exposed surface. Such finding is consistent with spalling experiments.
Analysis of 5-year clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with psoriatic arthritis observed as part of the Treat to target strategy. Preliminary data
Authors: Tremaskina P. O. , Loginova E. Yu. , Korotaeva T. V. , Glukhova S. I. , Sukhinina A. V. , Smirnov A. V. , Lila A. M.
Published: June 2022

Objective: to analyze preliminary data on 5-year clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with early psoriatic arthritis (PsA) observed as part of the Treat to target (T2T) strategy.Patients and methods. We examined 37 patients (18 men and 19 women) with early PsA who met the CASPAR criteria (2006), who received treatment according to the principles of the T2T strategy for 24 months. The mean age of the patients was 43.3±11.7 years, the median (Me) of PsA duration was 72 [60; 90] months, psoriasis – 120 [88; 180] months, follow up – 62 [51; 81] months. After completion of participation in the T2T strategy, patients were followed up in a real clinical setting. Most of the patients used methotrexate, biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In the dynamics after 5 years, PsA activity was determined by the DAPSA index and the achievement of the minimum disease activity (MiDA). In 16 (43%) patients, a dynamic assessment of radiographic changes in the joints of the hands and feet was performed using the Sharp quantitative method modified for PsA (m-Sharp/vanderHeijde).Results and discussion. By 24 months of therapy (the end of the T2T study), DAPSA remission was registered in 19 (52%) patients, in the same number of cases (16%) low (LDA), moderate (MDA) and high (HDA) disease activity was noted. Me DAPSA was 3.85 [0.67; 21.76], MiDA was detected in 22 (59.5%) patients. After 5 years of observation, Me DAPSA was 7.67 [2.2; 14.5]. Remissions according to DAPSA were achieved in 13 (35%) patients, LDA – also in 13 (35%), MDA – in 5 (14%), HDA remained in 6 (16%), MiDA – in 20 (54%). No significant differences were found when comparing disease activity at 24 months (at the end of the T2T study) and after 5 years of follow-up (p=0.41). In 11 (69%) out of 16 patients after 5 years, a negative trend was recorded in the assessment of radiological progression.Conclusion. After 5 years of follow-up, 70% of patients with PsA treated at an early stage of the disease as part of the T2T strategy achieved remission or LDA, and 54% of patients remained in MiDA. In 69% of patients, despite the achievement of remission and MiDA, there was a negative radiological dynamic in the hands and feet.
Relationship between laboratory biomarkers and ultrasonographic signs of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with a rituximab biosimilar
Authors: Avdeeva A. S. , Alekseeva O. G. , Rybakova V. V. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: June 2022

Objective: to assess the relationship between laboratory biomarkers and ultrasonographic signs of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during therapy with a rituximab (RTM) biosimilar.Patients and methods. 20 patients with definite diagnosis of RA were examined. All patients received 2 infusions of RTM (Acellbia®), at a dose of 600 mg intravenously 2 weeks apart during therapy with methotrexate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids. Clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed immediately before the start of therapy, and then 12 and 24 weeks after the first infusion of the drug.Results and discussion. By the 24th week of RTM therapy, a good/moderate effect according to the EULAR criteria was registered in 17 (85%) patients; remission according to DAS28 (<2.6) was achieved in 4 (20%) patients, SDAI (≤3.3) – in 2 (10%), CDAI (≤2.8) – in 1 (5%). Prior to the start of treatment, active synovitis was detected in 13 (65%) patients by power Doppler imaging (PD), and in 20 (100%) patients by gray scale scanning. During therapy with the RTM biosimilar, a significant decrease in inflammatory changes in the joints was observed, and by the 24th week after the start of treatment, the median PD was 0.5; active inflammation persisted in 7 (35%) patients. As shown by ROC analysis, the initial level of interleukin (IL) 6 >100.0 pg/ml is associated with the persistence of inflammatory activity according to PD by the 24th week of therapy with the RTM biosimilar, while the sensitivity was 85% and the specificity was 62% (AUC 0.78, 95% CI 0.57–0.99)Conclusion. An association was found between an increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL6, and the activity of synovial inflammation according to ultrasound data. IL6 is the most promising marker for predicting persistent inflammatory activity based on the results of PD; other analyzed parameters have worse sensitivity and specificity parameters.
Features of geriatric status in elderly patients with osteoarthritis combined with neuropathic pain: data from the Russian epidemiological study EVKALIPT
Authors: Naumov A. V. , Vorobieva N. M. , Khovasova N. O. , Tkacheva O. N. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Selezneva E. V. , Ovcharova L. H.
Published: June 2022

The main symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) are pain and dysfunction of the joints. Neuropathic pain (NP) occurs in more than half of patients with OA, it is refractory in nature and is the cause for seeking medical advice more frequently, poor quality of life and disability.Objective: to evaluate the frequency of NP and its relationship with geriatric syndromes (GS) in patients with OA aged 65 years and older. Patients and methods. The subanalysis of the study EVKALIPT included 2286 patients with OA and chronic pain syndrome. All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and diagnostics of NP using the DN4 questionnaire.Results and discussion. The prevalence of NP in patients with OA was 22.7%. Patients with OA and NP more often experienced pain of any localization with a large number of tender points, they had a higher frequency and intensity of pain syndrome, they more often took analgesics and noted limitations in daily life. When conducting a correlation analysis, correlations of medium strength were found between the sum of scores according to DN4 questionnaire and the pain intensity assessment on a numerical rating scale at the time of examination (r=0.26; p<0.001) and in the previous 7 days (r=0.29; p<0.001). CGA data in patients with OA and NP demonstrated worse geriatric status and a higher incidence of GS. The most common GSs were basic (81%) and instrumental (64%) dependence in everyday life, senile asthenia (70%), urinary incontinence (69%), depression (69%) and cognitive impairment (67%). Multivariate analysis showed that, in addition to age, the presence of NP was independently associated with sensory deficits, depression, falls, urinary incontinence, and bedsores (odds ratio 1.77–2.49). Patients with NP were more likely to use mobility aids, absorbent underwear, and orthotics.Conclusion. NP was diagnosed in 22.7% of OA patients aged 65 years and older. Such patients have worse functional status, they are more often diagnosed with a number of GSs.
An open prospective study of the efficacy and safety of therapy with a bioactive concentrate of small marine fish in patients with vertebrogenic lumboischialgia
Authors: Khabirov F. A. , Rogozhin A. A. , Ismagilova A. A. , Sabirova L. F.
Published: June 2022

Objective: to evaluate efficacy and safety of the use of a bioactive concentrate of small marine fish (Alflutop) in patients with vertebrogenic sciatica (SC).Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients with persistent (more than 3 months) vetebrogenic SC who underwent inpatient treatment in the neurological department of the Republican Clinical Neurological Center (Kazan). The patients were randomized into two groups: 15 patients of the 1st group received Alflutop (2 ml intramuscularly every other day, 10 injections in total) in addition to standard therapy, and 15 patients of the 2nd group (control) received standard therapy. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed using a visual analogue scale, Roland-Morris and EQ-5D questionnaires, an index of severity and frequency of sciatica.Results and discussion. Patients who received the study drug in addition to standard therapy showed a more rapid decrease in pain intensity, a trend towards a decrease in the severity index of sciatica, while no adverse events were recorded during the entire follow-up.Conclusion. The inclusion of Alflutop in the traditional scheme of inpatient treatment of patients with vertebrogenic SC allows to achieve a significantly greater reduction in the intensity of the pain syndrome after 20 days and 2 months after the start of therapy.
Current possibilities of pharmacological correction of neuroimmune joint damage in patients with knee osteoarthritis in long COVID conditions
Authors: Sarvilina I. V. , Dydykina I. S. , Lila A. M.
Published: June 2022

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the parenteral form of pharmaceutical chondroitin sulfate (CS) in neuroimmune joint damage in patients with early knee osteoarthritis (OA) in long COVID.Patients and methods. An open prospective controlled randomized study was conducted, its duration was 50 days of active controlled therapy. The study included 82 patients (age 57–63 years, men – 29, women – 53) with clinical symptoms of early knee OA and confirmed long COVID type 2 (persistence of symptoms 4–12 weeks after infection with SARS-CoV2). The diagnosis of OA was established in accordance with the updated classification criteria for early knee OA (2018).Patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 – the main group (n=42) and group 2 – control group (n=40). Patients in both groups received celecoxib at a dose of 200 mg with the possibility of reducing the dose to 100 mg or completely discontinuing the drug if necessary. Patients of the 1st group additionally received a parenteral form of CS (Chondroguard® solution for intramuscular and intraarticular administration, 100 mg/ml). At baseline (Day 1) and on the 50th day of the study, pain intensity was assessed in all patients using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the degree of functional impairment (FI) of the joints according to the Lequesne index, ultrasound of the knee joint was performed, CRP, D-dimer, fibrinogen, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6 levels were studied. The presence of SARS-CoV2 was determined by polymerase chain reaction in scrapings from the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and oropharynx, and a qualitative proteomic analysis was performed (1-2DE, MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS, PathCards database). The safety of therapy was assessed using the WHO and Naranjo scales.Results and discussion. It was established that CS therapy was well tolerated and was accompanied by a significant decrease in pain intensity according to VAS (U-test=5.71; p<0.0001), in FI according to the Lequesne scale (U-test=6.32; p<0.0001), in manifestations of synovitis and tendinitis in the group treated with CS and celecoxib, compared with the control group. During the treatment by CS a statistically significant (p<0.0001) decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory markers in the blood serum (CRP, IL6, IL1β), D-dimer and fibrinogen was noted. Proteomic analysis showed a decrease in the blood serum of patients of the 1st group of eotaxin 1, IL8, IL15, interferon γ inducible protein 10 levels, and an increase in the expression of nerve fiber growth factor β, an antagonist of the IL1 receptor.Conclusion. The use of pharmaceutical parenteral CS in combination with oral celecoxib in patients with early OA of the knee joint, the clinical signs of which manifested after infection with SARS-CoV2 and persisted in long COVID conditions, contributed to a decrease in the severity of pain and stiffness in the knee joint, as well as improved functional capabilities.
Chronic musculoskeletal pain. Leading symptom or comorbid pathology?
Authors: Olyunin Yu. A.
Published: June 2022

Current trends in the development of personalized medicine dictate the need to interpret chronic pain as a multifactorial biopsychosocial phenomenon. A comprehensive integrated approach to the management of patients with chronic pain includes nosological diagnostics, assessment of factors that determine the persistence of pain and comorbid pathology, and the use of necessary pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment. Currently, primarily non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for the pharmacotherapy of chronic pain, which is predominantly nociceptive in nature. Meloxicam (Movalis®), along with high efficacy, has a favorable safety profile and has proven itself in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. For chronic pain associated predominantly with neuropathy and central sensitization, the drugs of choice are tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine, the α2δ ligands pregabalin and gabapentin.
Paniques morales : requiem pour un concept ou second souffle ?
Authors: Mavrot Céline , Passard Cédric , Lits Grégoire
Published: June 2022

Ce numéro thématique trouve son origine dans le succès paradoxal de l’expression de « panique morale » qui sature l’espace médiatique, mais dont les usages élastiques permettent les appropriations les plus diverses. Comme pour d’autres notions à la croisée du champ scientifique et du champ politico-médiatique (populisme, complotisme…), le flou qui entoure ces usages et les multiples récupérations dont cette notion fait l’objet interrogent en effet sur sa nature, son intérêt heuristique, et les conditions de son utilisation scientifique. Ce numéro propose donc d’opérer un retour réflexif sur la question des paniques morales.
Rock’n’roll, étiquetage et third-person effect : retour épistémologique sur la notion de panique morale
Authors: Neveu Erik , Mavrot Céline , Passard Cédric , Lits Grégoire
Published: June 2022

Né en 1952, Erik Neveu est Professeur des Universités émérite en science politique à Sciences Po Rennes et chercheur au sein de l’équipe ARENE-CNRS. Il revient dans cet entretien réalisé en novembre-décembre 2021 sur l'importantion de la notion de panique morale dans l'espace des sciences sociales francophones.
Gone to the Dogs? A case study evaluation of contemporary greyhound racing regulation in New South Wales
Authors: Henderson Luke
Published: June 2022

Gone to the Dogs? A case study evaluation of contemporary greyhound racing regulation in New South Wales
‘Her Brains Are All Over Her Body’: Jeff VanderMeer’s Avian Weird
Authors: Webb Toyah
Published: June 2022

‘Her Brains Are All Over Her Body’: Jeff VanderMeer’s Avian Weird
Learning Hope in the Anthropocene: The Party for the Animals and Hope as a Political Practice
Authors: Meijer Eva
Published: June 2022

Learning Hope in the Anthropocene: The Party for the Animals and Hope as a Political Practice
Breed(ing) Narratives: Visualizing Values in Industrial Farming
Authors: Bellet Camille , Morgan Emily
Published: June 2022

Breed(ing) Narratives: Visualizing Values in Industrial Farming
Suggestions on leading an academic research laboratory group
Authors: Church Frank C.
Published: June 2022

This commentary is about running an academic research laboratory group, including some reflections, memories, and tips on effectively managing such a group of scientists focused on one’s research. The author’s academic career has spanned from 1982 to 2022, including postdoctoral research associate through the rank of professor with tenure. Currently, the author is in the final year of 3 years of phased retirement. One must be willing to work hard at running a research laboratory. Also, stay focused on funding the laboratory tasks and publishing one’s work. Recruit the best people possible with advice from the collective laboratory group. Laboratory group members felt more like they were a part of a collective family than simply employees; however, what works best for the researcher is what matters. Several other points to discuss will include managing university roles, recruiting laboratory personnel, getting recognition, dealing with intellectual property rights, and publishing work. In closing, there are many more positives than negatives to leading a research laboratory group. Finally, one cannot replace the unforgettable memories and the legacy of a research laboratory group.
Sorafenib inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and mobility and induces radiosensitivity by targeting the tumor cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Tian Chuntao , Liu Ying , Xue Lingfei , Zhang Dong , Zhang Xiaotong , Su Jing , Chen Jiaohong , Li Xiangke , Wang Liuxing , Jiao Shunchang
Published: June 2022

Sorafenib, a pan-protein kinase inhibitor, inhibits the activity of various kinases (like vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) and clinically has been used to treat different human cancers. This study investigated its antitumor activity in ovarian cancer and the underlying molecular events. To achieve that, ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells were treated with or without sorafenib (10 µM), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (10 ng/mL), sorafenib (10 µM) + TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL), and TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) + Ly2157299 (5 µM), followed by 8-Gy radiation. The cells were then subjected to cell viability, wound healing, Transwell, caspase-3 activity, and western blot assays. TGF-β1 treatment enhanced ovarian cancer cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas sorafenib and a selective TGF-β1 inhibitor Ly2157299 reversed tumor cell EMT, invasion, and expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin and vimentin). Sorafenib and Ly2157299 treatment also significantly reduced the tumor cell viability. Furthermore, both sorafenib and Ly2157299 significantly enhanced ovarian cancer cell radiosensitivity, as assessed by a caspase-3 activity assay. In conclusion, sorafenib inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and mobility and induced tumor cell radiosensitivity. Molecularly, sorafenib could inhibit the TGF-β1-mediated EMT. Future studies will assess sorafenib anti-ovarian cancer activity plus TGF-β1 inhibitors in ovarian cancer in vivo.
Influence of Laser Marking on Microstructure and Corrosion Performance of Martensitic Stainless Steel Surfaces for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Henriksen N. G. , Andersen O. Z. , Jellesen M. S. , Christiansen T. L. , Somers M. A. J.
Published: June 2022

The medical device industry demands unique device identification (UDI) tags on metallic components applied via laser marking. A common issue is that the visual appearance of the marking becomes poorly legible over time due to loss of contrast. Nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation was used to grow an oxide layer on two different martensitic stainless steels AISI 420F mod and 420B to compare the influences of the chemical composition of the steel (with and without S), power density, and energy input. The corrosion behavior was found to depend strongly on laser energy input. The presence of sulfur negatively affected the corrosion resistance and narrowed the applicable window for the laser processing parameters significantly. For the sulfur-containing AISI 420F steel, 3‒5 μm wide craters formed on the surface after laser marking, which is interpreted as thermal degradation of protruding MnS inclusions resulting from the laser marking process. Also, substantial cracking in the oxide layer was observed. The marked specimens suffered from corrosion in a thin zone below the formed oxide layer. This behavior is attributed to Cr-depletion in the zone adjacent to the oxide layer, resulting from providing Cr to the growing oxide layer.
Spatial single mode laser source interaction with measured pulse based parabolic index multimode fiber
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Ahammad S.K. Hasane , Daher Malek G. , Sorathiya Vishal , Siddique Abrar , Asaduzzaman Sayed , Rehana Hasin , Dutta Nitul , Patel Shobhit K. , Nyangaresi Vincent Omollo , Jibon Rayhan Habib , Abdelhamid Huda Said
Published: June 2022

The study clarified spatial single mode laser interaction with measured pulse based parabolic index multimode fiber. Peak power level margin, maximum/minimum signal amplitude margin after parabolic index multimode fiber are measured with core radius of 25 µm, cladding thickness of 10 µm, refractive index peak of 1.4142, length of 300 m, and refractive index step of 1%. Maximum signal power margin against spectral frequency after PIN light detector based parabolic fiber properties is tested under the same operating parameters. The signal power amplitude/power within parabolic index multimode fiber is also measured based on variations of fiber lengths and relative refractive index step. The study implies the multimode graded index fibers with parabolic or near parabolic index profile cores have transmission bandwidths than other multimode fibers.