bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Streetcars: A Comparative Study between Elia Kazan’s A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) and Its Various Adaptations by Egyptian Cinema
Authors: Saidi Amira Rihab
Published: November 2024

This paper probes into the issue of censorship in Egyptian cinema compared to Hollywood during the second half of the twentieth century. It discusses Egyptian censorship regulations and governmental interference in the film industry and their impact on film reception. Conducted over six months, this research specifically investigates three Egyptian film adaptations of Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), which are Inhiraf (Aberration) (1985), Alfarisa (Prey) (1986) and Al-Raghba (Desire) (2002). These adaptations are scrutinized through the lens of the Egyptian censorship code and the way these film adaptations may have promoted an Americanization of Arab culture is examined.
Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Lauxaniidae (Diptera)
Authors: SOARES MATHEUS M. M. , GAIMARI STEPHEN D. , CORRÊA-NETO JOSÉ DE J. , DE-OLIVEIRA FRANCISCO LIMEIRA- , RAFAEL JOSÉ A.
Published: November 2024

The Lauxaniidae fauna from the oceanic Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil is revised. Three genera and four species are recognized: Camptoprosopella equatorialis Shewell, 1939, Pachyopella flavida (Wiedemann, 1824), Poecilominettia erebus Soares & Gaimari, sp. nov. and Poecilominettia octovittata (Williston, 1896). In addition, we provided an illustrated key and high-resolution photographs of external morphology and male and female terminalia of species. Finally, we present the first insights into the effects of climate variables on the abundance of the species analyzed.
The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
Authors: SELIS MARCO , FATERYGA ALEXANDER V. , CILIA GIOVANNI
Published: November 2024

The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre, 1904 (= Extraepipona Gusenleitner, 2014, syn. nov.; Euodynerus occultus (Gusenleitner, 2014), comb. nov.) is revised in Europe and the Maghreb, combining morphological data and DNA barcoding. New synonymies are proposed for E. (Pareuodynerus) Blüthgen, 1938 (= E. (Incolepipona) Giordani Soika, 1994, syn. nov.), E. annae (Kostylev, 1937) (= Euodynerus shirazensis Giordani Soika, 1970, syn. nov.), E. caspicus (Morawitz, 1873) (= Euodynerus caspicus armeniacus Gusenleitner, 2016, syn. nov.), E. curictensis Blüthgen, 1940 (= Euodynerus curictensis sardous Borsato, 2006, syn. nov.), E. dantici (Rossi, 1790) (= Euodynerus dantici poggii Giordani Soika, 1986, syn. nov.; = Euodynerus minoricensis Sanza, 2003, syn. nov.), E. quadrifasciatus (Fabricius, 1793) (= Euodynerus quadrifasciatus atripes Giordani Soika, 1976, syn. nov.; = Euodynerus quadrifasciatus rufipes Gusenleitner, 1984, syn. nov.; = Euodynerus quadrifasciatus eburnus Yamane, 1987, syn. nov.), E. rubrosignatus Gusenleitner, 1984, stat. nov. (= Euodynerus notatus cyrenaicus Giordani Soika, 1986, syn. nov.) and E. variegatus (Fabricius, 1793) (= Odynerus crenatus kruegeri von Schulthess, 1928, syn. nov.). Euodynerus quadrifasciatus rubrosignatus Gusenleitner, 1984 is raised to species-level (E. rubrosignatus, stat. nov.), and E. bidentoides (Giordani Soika, 1953), sp. resurr. is removed from synonymy with E. bidentiformis (Giordani Soika, 1942). Euodynerus bidentatus (Lepeletier, 1841) is transferred from the subgenus Pareuodynerus to Euodynerus s. str. A key for the identification of the Euro-Maghrebi species of Euodynerus and reference photos for each species are provided.
Taxonomic assessment of the Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) subgenus (Caudata: Plethodontidae) with the description of two new species from the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Authors: ARIAS ERICK , CHAVES GERARDO , KUBICKI BRIAN , PARRA-OLEA GABRIELA
Published: November 2024

Isthmian Central America boasts a diverse array of salamanders, with a total of 72 species spanning three genera. Among these, a subset of the subgenus Bolitoglossa (Eladinea), stands out as particularly rare within the Cordillera de Talamanca. Many of its species have been discovered since 2009, with the majority documented from fewer than five specimens. In our endeavor to elucidate the taxonomy of this species group, we conducted fieldwork at Tapantí and the summits of Utyum, Echandi, and Fábregas, aiming to locate specimens. Our efforts have led to the expansion of the distributional range and the elucidation of the known body size of Bolitoglossa bramei, while Bolitoglossa robinsoni underwent redefinition. Furthermore, we describe two additional species herein, including a miniature salamander from Cerro Utyum and another salamander of moderate size from Valle del Silencio. As result of this study, the Bolitoglossa diminuta species group is now recognized to encompass seven species, all confined within the limits of the Cordillera de Talamanca.
Schizodon unimaculatus, a new species from the lower Rio São Francisco with a reappraisal of the Schizodon species presenting a caudal-peduncle blotch (Teleostei: Anostomidae)
Authors: GARAVELLO JULIO C. , BRITSKI HERALDO A. , OLIVEIRA ALEXANDRE K. , MELO BRUNO F.
Published: November 2024

Schizodon unimaculatus new species, is described from the lower sections of the Rio São Francisco in northeastern Brazil. The new species differs from all known Schizodon species by the combination of presenting a subinferior mouth, a prominent dark brown blotch on the caudal peduncle, a dark brown longitudinal stripe along the lateral line, and three series of small dark dots horizontally aligned forming interrupted lines on the dorsal and middle regions of the trunk. It differs from congeners with a horizontal stripe and a dark blotch on the caudal peduncle, viz., S. knerii, S. rostratus, S. jacuiensis, S. nasutus, S. isognathus, S. altoparanae, S. vittatus, and S. trivittatus, by the combination of scale counts in lateral line and around caudal peduncle, color pattern, mouth position, and body proportions. The subinferior mouth additionally distinguishes the new species from S. knerii, S. jacuiensis, S. nasutus, S. altoparanae, S. platae, S. isognathus, and S. rostratus. Principal component and canonical variation analyses additionally distinguish the new species from S. knerii, S. altoparanae, and S. nasutus. We discuss the taxonomic history, relationships, and significance of mouth morphology, coloration, and meristic characters in taxonomic studies of Schizodon.
A new Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] from Western Ghats of India (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Authors: SINGH SANTOSH , SINGH NAVNEET , KIRTI JAGBIR SINGH
Published: November 2024

A new species of genus Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] is described: Miltochrista coonoorrensis S. Singh, N. Singh & Kirti sp. nov. from South Indian states Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The diagnostic comparison of new species is made with five closely related congeners i.e., M. hogani Volynkin & Huang, 2022, M. ochracea (Hampson, 1891), M. obliqua (Hampson, 1891), M. hollowai Kirti & Gill, 2009 and M. uncalis (Kirti & Gill, 2009). Adult and its genital capsule are illustrated in detail.
Policy implications of the 2020–22 Australian study of mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Teesson Maree , Whiteford Harvey , Bower Marlee , Smout Scarlett , Burgess Philip , Harris Meredith G. , Pirkis Jane , Diminic Sandra , Baillie Andrew , Slade Tim , Chapman Cath
Published: November 2024

The objective of this paper is to summarise the policy implications of key findings from the 2020–22 Australian National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB). We provide an analysis of policy implications of four papers in this issue of the journal from the 2020–22 NSMHWB ( N = 15,893) and the 2007 NSMHWB ( N = 8841). The 2020–2022 NSMHWB reported a lifetime prevalence rate of common mental disorders of 40.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 39.2–41.3) and 12-month prevalence rate of 20.2% (95% CI 19.5–21.0). Overall, adult Australians were significantly more likely to experience a 12-month mental disorder in 2020–22 compared with 2007, with the change most striking in among those aged 16–24 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3). Individuals aged 16–24 years in 2020–22 were significantly more likely to experience a 12-month anxiety disorder (OR 2.9, 95% CI = 2.3–3.7, depressive disorder (OR 2.8 95% CI = 2.1–3.9) or comorbidity (relative risk [RR] = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2–1.7) compared with those aged 16–24 years in 2007. In 2020–22, the proportion of Australians who had experienced suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts in the past 12 months was 3.3%, 1.1% and 0.3%. Under half (46.5% 95% CI 44.1–48.8) of adults with a 12-month mental disorder sought treatment. Mental disorders remain an endemic feature of Australia’s overall health landscape and appear to be increasing, especially in younger cohorts. While service use rates have improved over time, there is still some way to go. Epidemiological surveys such as the 2020–22 NSMHWB are important for understanding changing prevalence and the population not accessing services. Innovative prevention and treatment strategies will be needed to address the increasing rates of disorders in younger Australian adults. Equally innovative and bold policy responses will be essential.
Quality of life among indigenous and Afro-descendant Chilean older people: A persistent inequality gap
Authors: Gallardo-Peralta Lorena Patricia , Gálvez-Nieto José Luis , Veloso-Besio Constanza , Munuera-Gómez Pilar
Published: November 2024

Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples in Latin America face a bleak social and economic outlook that is exacerbated in rural old age. This research aimed to identify and describe latent profiles of quality of life of these people in a multiethnic Chilean sample of 1692 older people in rural areas, and to characterise these profiles according to sociodemographic variables, territorial identity, depressive symptoms, loneliness and self-rated health. The results provide evidence on the level of perception of quality of life of the sample, resulting in a discussion on the specificity of the design of social policies for these groups.
A novel multi-stage concurrent topology optimization for variable-stiffness structures
Authors: Zhang Yaya , Yin Jichao , Wang Hu , Li Shuhao , Li Hui , Yang Mengzhu
Published: November 2024

The concurrent optimization of topology and fibre orientation is a promising approach to pursue higher strength and lighter weight of variable-stiffness structures. This paper suggests a novel discrete-continuous scheme for the concurrent optimization. Considering the global convergence, Discrete Material Optimization is first utilized to select a dominant angle for each element from several predefined candidate angles. However, some regions with multiaxial stress make it difficult to select the definite angles for the elements. Therefore, the Sequential Binary-Phase Topology Optimization is suggested to guarantee the uniqueness of the element to candidate angle mapping. Moreover, to obtain better mechanical properties, Continuous Fibre Angle Optimization with a spatial filter is introduced to optimize fibre continuity. Several classic numerical examples are used to verify the excellent performance of the suggested method in terms of fibre angle convergence and show robustness regarding sensitivity to the initial setting.
Image Features and Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Li Weiwei , Zhao Yingyan , Fei Xiaochun , Wu Ying , Zhan Weiwei , Zhou Wei , Xia Shujun , Song Yanyan , Zhou Jianqiao
Published: November 2024

To explore the image features and the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast. A total of 96 female patients with a solitary and histologically proven DCIS were analyzed retrospectively, and 100 female cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) lesions were used as the control group. The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category of breast lesions was assessed according to conventional ultrasound features. The DCIS lesions were classified into mass type and non-mass type. The CEUS characteristics of these breast lesions were retrospectively analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The final gold standard was biopsy or surgery with histo-pathological examination. Comparing the ultrasound images of DCIS with that of IDC, there were significant differences in echo pattern, calcification morphology, and calcification distribution ( p < .05 for all). There was a significant difference between DCIS and IDC in enhancement intensity, perfusion defects, peripheral high enhancement, intratumoral vessels, and arrival time (AT) ( p < .05 for all). In the logistic multivariate regression analysis, two indicators linked with DCIS were recognized: perfusion defects ( p = .002) and peripheral high enhancement ( p < .001). In forecasting DCIS, the logistic regression equation resulted in an AUC of 0.689, a specificity of 0.720, and a sensitivity of 0.563. CEUS showed differences in enhancement characteristics between DCIS and IDC, with perfusion defects and peripheral high enhancement being associated with DCIS.
Characteristics of GaTiZnO coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Lu Zhou , Guo Sheng Yan , Xie Quan
Published: November 2024

Gallium-titanium-zinc oxide (GaTiZnO) thin transparent conducting films (TCFs) were fabricated through the radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess the impact of deposition power on their structural, morphological, optoelectronic, and nonlinear optical properties. Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Hall effect measurements were employed for this analysis. The XRD analysis reveals that all TCFs exhibit a wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure, predominantly oriented along the (002) plane. Deposition power significantly influences the properties of GaTiZnO TCFs. Initially, microstrain, resistivity and dislocation density reduce with increasing power, but then they begin to increase. However, the mean grain size, visible transmittance, and merit figure show reverse trends. The GaTiZnO sample deposited at 200 W exhibits optimal performance, with the highest optoelectronic properties and crystalline quality. It exhibits the highest merit figure and mean visible transmittance, lowest resistivity, largest grain size, least microstrain, and smallest dislocation density, recorded as 1.241 × 104 Ω−1· cm−1, 87.02%, 5.863 × 104 Ω· cm, 84.65 nm, 6.162 × 10−1 and 1.396 × 10−4 nm−2, respectively. Additionally, the direct optical energygap was estimated using the Tauc plot method, revealing values between 3.342 and 3.501 eV . The Urbach energy, evaluated by the Urbach relation, ranges from 0.173 to 0.191 eV . Optical constants of GaTiZnO TCFs were derived via optical characterization, assessing refractive index dispersion using the Wemple-DiDomenico (WDD) model to determine oscillator parameters and nonlinear optical constants. Notably, all films show normal dispersion in the visible range, with nonlinear optical constants decreasing monotonically as wavelength increases, regardless of deposition power. The optical parameters strongly depend on deposition power.
TikTok and digital health literacy: A systematic review
Authors: Merga Margaret Kristin
Published: November 2024

Individuals need digital health literacy in order to locate, comprehend and evaluate the credibility of online health information. Users of the social media platform TikTok may commonly encounter health information whether they seek it or not. The interplay between TikTok and digital health literacy is not well understood, and thus 170 million US-based users are approaching a nation-wide ban on TikTok without a solid research-informed understanding of what this means for those using this platform to source health information and to engage with an online health community relevant to their health needs. This systematic review captures the small pool of relevant peer-reviewed research, using an additional layer of quality control through journal checking as a novel addition. The key preoccupations and findings in this literature are related to implications for US users in the event of a TikTok ban, as well as the needs of library-based educators globally.
Risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Min , Xiao Yuqiong , Wang Anqiao
Published: November 2024

Objective:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases for case-control studies comparing the clinical characteristics of patients with SAP with and without AKI. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models, based on heterogeneity.

Results:

Five studies involving 795 patients with SAP were included, of whom 173 (21.8 %) developed AKI. All studies were of high quality according to the NOS. Among the 17 potential risk factors that were analysed, a history of alcohol consumption (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 0.54–10.43, p < 0.001), elevated serum amylase (OR = 4.50, 95% CI = 1.77–11.43, p = 0.002) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.49–2.64, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with an increased risk of AKI. However, hypertension (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.60–2.16, p = 0.69) and diabetes (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 0.51–6.95, p = 0.34) were not significantly associated with AKI risk. Based on funnel plots, no obvious publication bias was detected.

Conclusions:

A history of alcohol consumption, elevated serum amylase and APACHE II score are significant risk factors for AKI in patients with SAP. For early intervention, clinical physicians should be vigilant about the risk of AKI in patients with SAP with these factors. More high-quality studies are needed to validate these findings and explore other potential risk factors.
A rare complication after ureterorenoscopy lithotripsy: Subcapsular renal hematoma
Authors: Lu Xiaofei , Chen Yingchao , Cao Weiliang , Ding Zhiyong , Zhou Benzheng
Published: November 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of subcapsular renal hematoma (SRH) following ureterolithotripsy.

Patients and Methods:

Between January 2014 and December 2023, patients who underwent ureterorenoscopy lithotripsy (URL) at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data including basic information, calculi-related indicators, and perioperative period data were collected. A Student’s t-test was used for continuous data, while a Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was utilized for categorical data.

Results:

A total of 2098 patients treated with URL for ureteric stones were included in this study. The incidence of SRH after URL was 0.52% (11 cases). All SRH cases were confirmed by non-contrast computed tomography, with an average patient age of 55.54 years (range 34–84). The mean stone size in patients with SRH was 10.54 cm (range 0.8–1.5). Patients with SRH had a higher proportion of severe hydronephrosis caused by ureteral stones (54.55% vs 26.07%, p = 0.032) and narrow ureters (45.45% vs 8.04%, p < 0.001) compared to those without SRH. Patients with SRH experienced a longer length of stay, with a significant difference between the two groups (11.64 ± 5.05 vs 3.87 ± 8.12, p < 0.001). Nine patients were managed conservatively without further intervention, while embolization was required in one patient and percutaneous drainage was performed in another. All SRH cases resolved completely during a 4-month follow-up.

Conclusions:

The incidence of SRH following URL is low, with severe hydronephrosis and narrow ureters identified as risk factors. Most SRH cases can be successfully managed conservatively, although patients with SRH may experience a significant prolongation of their length of stay.
Reaching Further Into a Theory of Career Problem-Solving and Decision-Making
Authors: Peterson Gary W. , Osborn Debra S. , Bullock-Yowell Emily , Hayden Seth C. W.
Published: November 2024

This work presents an advancement in a theory of career problem-solving and decision-making, namely, Cognitive Information Processing (CIP). New conceptualizations of the Pyramid of Information Processing domains and CASVE Cycle are defined and discussed. Developmental aspects, internal aspects and external presses of the career decision context, and the role of self-regulated learning are presented with implications for career counseling in fostering transferable career problem-solving and decision-making skills. The metacognitive aspect of CIP has been expanded to discuss the implications of new considerations of beliefs, experiences, and knowledge in reflecting on the career decision-making process. Suggestions for further avenues of research are proposed based on theoretical modifications presented.
Racial Capitalism and Subaltern Struggles in Neo-Apartheid Sweden
Authors: Schierup Carl-Ulrik , Ålund Aleksandra , Kellecioglu Ilhan
Published: November 2024

The paper discusses empirical evidence and theoretical perspectives on structurally and spatially ingrained racial capitalism, dispossession, and precarisation in what is identified as ‘neo-apartheid’ Sweden. Theoretically, the argument rests on a critical re-engagement of the notions of ‘racial capitalism’ and ‘neo-apartheid’ in contemporary critical research, inspired, historically, by rich research on racial capitalism in South Africa under apartheid. The argument is illustrated, empirically, by a scrutiny of processes of segregation, racial stigmatisation, and ‘the return of primitive accumulation’ reflected in predatory housing policies and super-exploitation of labour, conditioning livelihoods and opportunities of subaltern Others in disadvantaged urban neighbourhoods. Through a local case in the region of Järvafältet in metropolitan Stockholm, the paper addresses subaltern struggles contesting these realities of racial capitalism in a society that used to be an international showpiece of social equality and inclusive diversity policy.
The Effect of Forgiveness and Resilience on Anxiety, Depression and Stress in Nursing Students
Authors: Ciydem Emre , Avci Dilek
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To examine the effects of forgiveness and resilience on anxiety, depression, and stress in nursing students. Design: Cross-sectional correlational study. Methods: The convinient sample of the study consisted of 383 nursing students. Results: Significant predictors of nursing students’ anxiety levels were experiencing an event where they could not forgive themselves or others and resilience. Significant predictors of nursing students’ depression levels were gender, income level, experiencing an event where they could not forgive themselves or others, resilience, and self-forgiveness. Significant predictors of nursing students’ stress levels were experiencing an event where they could not forgive themselves or others, resilience, and forgiveness of others. Conclusion: An increase in the level of self-forgiveness in nursing students reduced depression symptoms, and an increase in the level of forgiveness of others decreased stress symptoms. An increase in the level of resilience reduced symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. Female gender and a middle level of income reduced symptoms of depression. Interventions that increase forgiveness and resilience should be integrated into the curriculum to reduce nursing students’ psychological symptoms in the context of holistic nursing.
Experimental investigation of additively manufactured MS-300 maraging steel samples: Microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Santosh , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Srivastava Bipin
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of maraging steel-300 samples produced by the laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process, using X3NiCoMoTi-18-9-5 metal powder. Both conventional manufacturing (CM) and L-PBF samples undergo solution and age-hardening heat treatments. The age-hardening process resulted in the formation of fine intermetallic phases, including FeMo and Fe-Delta precipitates. Comparative analysis revealed that age-hardened samples produced by L-PBF and CM exhibit higher microhardness with comparable densities. Micro-hardness of as-built and age-hardened L-PBF maraging steel-300 samples increased by 41% and 8% with respect to that of as-received and age-hardened conventional maraging steel-300 samples. In addition to this, the yield strength of as-built and age-hardened L-PBF maraging steel-300 samples increased by 3% and 1.5% with respect to that of as-received and age-hardened conventional maraging steel-300 samples. After solution treatment, optical micrographs of L-PBF samples exhibited a finer grain structure compared to CM samples.
Health seeking behaviour and diagnostic delays in SLE: A multi-ethnic Malaysian cohort study
Authors: Nordin Fatimah Zanirah , Shaharir Syahrul Sazliyana , Mohamed Said Mohd Shahrir , Mohd Rozita , Sakthiswary Rajalingham , Tengku Mohd Tengku Amatullah Madeehah , Jaafar Mohd Hafiz , Yew Wong Chin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may lead to diagnostic delays. This study is aimed at determining the health-seeking behaviour patterns and factors associated with diagnostic delays in a multi-ethnic SLE cohort in Malaysia.

Methodology

This was a cross-sectional study involving SLE patients who visited our institute between January 2020 and June 2021. A review of the medical records and face-to-face interviews were conducted to obtain sociodemographics, SLE disease characteristics and the intervals from the first symptoms to the diagnosis. Health-seeking behaviours were assessed by asking about the patients’ first action during the initial symptoms and were divided into: (i) seeking professional health personnel; (ii) self-treatment; and (iii) the use of the internet as a primary source of information. Diagnostic delays were defined as the interval between initial symptoms and SLE diagnosis of more than 6 months. Low-level disease activity state (LLDAS) at 12 months was assessed from the medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was subsequently conducted to determine factors associated with diagnostic delays.

Results

Among the 154 patients included in the study, 24% ( n = 37) had delayed diagnosis. The delay was significantly higher among the Indian versus Malay versus Chinese (42.9% vs 28% vs 10.8%, p = 0.037). Patients with rash tend to have delayed diagnosis (37.8% vs 22.2%, p = 0.08) while fewer patients with frothy urine had delayed diagnosis (8.1% vs 21.4%, p = 0.09). No significant association was found between health-seeking behaviours and diagnostic delays. The rate of LLDAS at 12 months was significantly lower among patients with delayed diagnosis (43.2% vs 70.0%, p = 0.006). Chinese ethnicity remained the only significant factor associated with lesser diagnostic delays in the multivariate analysis, with OR 0.30 (CI 0.09–0.93), p = 0.037.

Conclusion

There were ethnic disparities in the early diagnosis of SLE in Malaysia, with Indian patients having a longer interval between the first symptom and diagnosis while the Chinese were associated with lower diagnostic delays. Early diagnosis predicted early attainment of LLDAS, suggesting that prompt recognition of the initial SLE symptoms is important.
CAR-T-Cell Therapy Based on Immune Checkpoint Modulation in the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Su Manqi , Zhang Zhanna , Jiang Panruo , Wang Xiaoxia , Tong Xiangmin , Wu Gongqiang
Published: November 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a revolutionary immunotherapy that has shown significant success in treating certain hematologic malignancies. However, there are still challenges and limitations associated with this therapy, and not all cancer patients benefit from this therapy alone. Therefore, modifying CAR-T-cell therapy based on immune checkpoints, and its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), shows promise as a potentially more effective strategy for treating hematologic malignancies. This article outlines the progress of preclinical and clinical trials of CAR-T-cell therapy based on immune checkpoint modulation in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Education Inequality in India: An Empirical Analysis Using National Sample Survey Data
Authors: Aneesh MR  , K Maya , Aneesh KA
Published: November 2024

This research examines the rural–urban differences in educational inequality of major states in India. Using National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) data and decomposition methods, this study finds that overall educational inequality has come down but still very high in rural areas. We found that factors such as limited access to higher education, financial constraints and social factors are responsible for the high inequality in rural areas. This study highlights the need for government intervention to enhance educational access by increasing institutions and providing financial aid. It also notes that non-financial barriers like English proficiency further exclude lower socio-economic groups. Hence, we argue for inclusive education policies to improve the existing situation.
Unveiling the Ecological and Pharmacological Perspectives of Lithophytic Life Form
Authors: Arya Vikrant , Parmar Ranjeet Kaur , Gill Amandeep Kaur , Jamwal Anupam
Published: November 2024

Environmental extremes such as high temperature, cold, alkalinity, drought, and rocky substrate modulate plant growth and promulgate adaptive characteristics in plants. The same plants can be found inhabited in different life forms, namely epiphytic, lithophytic, terrestrial, halophytic, and psammophytic, based upon adaptive characteristics essential for their survival. Microorganisms residing on the surface or within rocks make a unique habitat referred to as “lithobiontic habitat,” which further facilitates weathering phenomena and accumulates water and nutrients from the ecosystem to form a lithobiontic ecological niche. Lithobionts are divided into two groups, namely epiliths and endoliths, based on their presence on rock surfaces. Lithophytes, the rock-inhabiting plants, thriving under extreme stress conditions adapted successfully and their extraordinarily challenging atmosphere encouraged them to make new forms of life. Many biotic and abiotic factors are responsible for dwelling in such environments. Lithophytes interact with their surroundings to obtain vital elements necessary for their metabolism and, because of natural selection, their morphology and physiology help them with better adaptation. Another factor that facilitates such adaptation in lithophytes is the association of a fungus with lithophytic roots to ensure nutrient supply for their survival and facilitate growth in extreme conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root fungal associations commonly found among plants under stressed conditions help hosts adapt and promote plant life. In lithophytes, AM association aids in nutrient uptake from soil and facilitates plant survival under harsh conditions. The present review provides a comprehensive account of lithophytic life forms and covers different aspects of rock-dwelling plants concerning their historical background, classification, habitat, distribution in various families, root adaptive mechanisms, and phytopharmacological status. This review focused on plant species that can be considered among the most common representatives of lithophytes. This manuscript furnishes insights into different perspectives on the ecological and biological properties of the most common lithophytic species adapted to extreme rocky structures and explains their wide array of applications for pharmacological use.
Detection of equine parvovirus-hepatitis and efficacy of governmental regulation for equine biologics purity
Authors: Scupham Alexandra J. , Tong Christopher
Published: November 2024

In 2018, a new virus, named equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H), was discovered in a biologic product that had been administered to horses that subsequently developed clinical signs of equine serum hepatitis (Theiler disease). Further correlation of the virus with the disease sparked federal requirements that all equine biologics be free of EqPV-H. The initial quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) test for EqPV-H has proved to be sensitive to co-extracted PCR inhibitors in template nucleic acids, causing false-negative results. We investigated the use of digital PCR (dPCR) as a more robust test. Examination of 227 equine biologic product lots available for purchase both before and after regulatory implementation using both detection methods indicated that dPCR is a more reliable platform. Nevertheless, use of the qPCR method for product screening had reduced the fraction of serials with EqPV-H detected from 39.6% prior to regulation to 6.8% after regulatory implementation. Adoption of dPCR testing is an opportunity to further decrease the prevalence of EqPV-H in equine biologics.
Cultivating Esportspersonship: How Scholastic Esports Coaches Perceive Facilitating Positive Youth Development
Authors: Farber Matthew , Merchant William
Published: November 2024

Background

Coaches may promote positive youth development (PYD) through youth sports programs, which can lead to outcomes, such as life skills and well-being. Scholastic esports programs, much like traditional school sports teams and clubs, have adult coaches who play a role in the development and success of teams.

Purpose

This study aims to explore the gap in research on scholastic esports coaches’ perspectives on their cultivation of PYD.

Method

This large-scale pilot study used a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Quantitative rating responses to a coaching survey were collected and analyzed using an exploratory data analysis. Trends of interest were used to create interview questions that then informed and added context to the themes identified in the quantitative phase.

Results

Survey results revealed common trends in responses that highlighted the development of life skills, fostering a socially positive environment, and a genuine affinity for both coaching esports and working with young people. Interviews emphasized that coaches saw esports programs as a place for students to learn new skills, increase confidence, and benefit from being part of a social community.

Discussion and Conclusion

Findings suggest that scholastic esports programs afford PYD opportunities through coaches’ motivations, philosophies, and impacts. Coaches create conditions where youth can learn sportspersonship.
Geosocial Tools for Community Diagnosis and Health Promotion
Authors: Li Yang , Spini Dario , Delgado Villanueva Cecilia
Published: November 2024

Growing research highlights the role of local community contexts in health and well-being. Communities function as central arenas for health promotion as individuals and community spaces interact in daily life. To better communicate the linkages between community and health, we demonstrate the use of a set of geosocial tools for community diagnosis and health promotion, conceptually grounded in the framework of geosocial embeddedness, using data from community surveys and participatory research conducted with local inhabitants to engage their competency. Through a web-based interactive map generated using a geographic information system, we identified public territories in the municipality where greater policy attention is needed to enhance health. Through an intersectional matrix produced using multilevel analysis, we identified precise social groups by intersectional categories that are most at risk of loneliness for targeted intervention. A health radar chart on multidomain indicators illustrated information on group dynamics and longitudinal comparisons for health promotion. Overall, these tools offered not only diagnoses of the most vulnerable social groups for tailored interventions but also insight for policymakers to improve infrastructure and material resources to promote health. We conclude that geosocial tools offer a promising approach toward sharpening health communication and improving health in the community.
Political Imaginaries in the Climate Movement: Youth-Led Groups Constructing Plural Views of the Future
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Daniela , Carvalho Anabela , Fernandes-Jesus Maria
Published: November 2024

Since 2018, there has been a notable increase in recognition of the global youth climate movement. Young activists have come into the spotlight through extensive street demonstrations, school occupations, and engagement in other collective actions with the purpose of promoting alternative visions of the future. Multiple scholars have delved into activists’ profiles, their media representations, and other topics. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of research exploring their political imaginaries. This article aims to contribute to understanding how young activists in Portugal assess the current social and political landscape and construct visions of political futures. After analyzing online texts from four climate groups, we identified four themes that offer insights into the political imaginaries of these groups. The four groups discursively negotiate political imaginaries that correspond to a wide spectrum of perspectives, ranging from collective resistance against the neoliberal capitalist system and proposals of decentralized democracy to strategies based on individual ethics and the prevalent discourses of sustainable development and ecological modernization. The plurality of political imaginaries reflects the diversity of sociopolitical stances within youth-led climate movements in Portugal and their commitment to exploring alternative ways of governing climate change.
Perceived social support and symptoms of depression and anxiety in emerging adulthood: A Swedish prospective cohort study
Authors: Låftman Sara Brolin , Lundin Andreas , Östberg Viveca
Published: November 2024

Aims:

The transition from adolescence to young adulthood, often referred to as ‘emerging adulthood’, is a challenging period in life, and mental health problems are common. Although a large number of studies have shown that social support is linked with fewer mental health problems, few longitudinal studies have examined these associations during this life phase. The aim of the current study was to examine the associations between perceived social support from different sources – family, friends and significant other – at age 17–18 and symptoms of depression and anxiety at age 20–21.

Methods:

Data were obtained from the cohort study Futura01 based on a Swedish national sample of adolescents attending grade 9 in 2016/2017. We used survey information from 2019 (age 17–18) and 2022 (age 20–21) and linked registry information ( N=2722). Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) at age 20–21. Perceived social support was measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) at age 17–18. Control variables included sociodemographic characteristics and indicators of mental health problems at age 17–18. Binary logistic regressions were performed.

Results:

When mutually adjusting for all sources of perceived social support, family support at age 17–18 had inverse associations with symptoms of both depression and anxiety at age 20–21. Perceived support from friends was associated with subsequent symptoms of anxiety only.

Conclusions:

Perceived social support can be a protective factor against mental health problems in emerging adulthood. The family serves a particularly important source of social support.
Pathways from incidental news exposure to political knowledge: Examining paradoxical effects of political discussion on social media with strong and weak ties
Authors: Ahmed Saifuddin , Gil-Lopez Teresa , Lee Sangwon , Masood Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study advances the theoretical understanding of the effects of incidental news exposure on political knowledge by probing the mechanisms through which exposure transfers to learning. Two studies in the U.S. across both non-election and election settings test the centrality of political discussion on social media with strong and weak ties in explaining this relationship. Findings across both studies show no significant direct associations between incidental news exposure and political knowledge. However, mediation analyses suggest that incidental news exposure can influence political knowledge when mediated by interpersonal political conversations on social media: discussions with strong ties contribute to political knowledge, but discussions with weak ties are detrimental. Furthermore, the indirect effects via strong and weak ties are significantly conditioned by one’s cognitive ability. The findings highlight the conditions under which incidental news exposure helps yet also hinders individuals’ political knowledge.
From the Laboratory to the Real-World: The Role of Mismatch Negativity in Psychosis
Authors: Tada Mariko , Yagishita Sho , Uka Takanori , Nishimura Ryoichi , Kishigami Taiki , Kirihara Kenji , Koshiyama Daisuke , Usui Kaori , Fujioka Mao , Araki Tsuyoshi , Kasai Kiyoto
Published: November 2024

Mismatch negativity (MMN) has gained attention as a biomarker for psychosis and a translational intermediate phenotype in animal models of psychosis, including rodents and non-human primates. MMN has been linked to global functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF] score) and prognosis (psychosis onset or remission), suggesting that MMN reflects activities beyond auditory processing alone. This review examines the 45-year history of MMN from the perspective of psychiatric researchers and discusses current advances in computational and translational research on MMN, summarizing the current understanding of the MMN generation mechanism. We then address the essential question, “What do we observe through MMN?” Currently, we regard the relationship between global functioning in the real world and MMN as the key to answering this question. As a preliminary investigation, we analyzed the relationship between GAF as an objective variable and MMN, diagnosis, and basic epidemiological factors (age, sex, premorbid intelligence quotient) as explanatory variables (total n = 201, healthy controls: n = 41, patients with psychiatric disorders: n = 160) without assuming diagnostic categories. The relationship between functional outcomes and MMN was confirmed without a case-control design. Finally, we propose that new neurophysiological studies should acknowledge psychophysiological responses such as emotion, intention, and autonomic responses, as well as behavioral differences among participants beyond the dichotomy between healthy controls and patients. Measurements could be conducted in various settings from the participant's perspective. We discuss the potential for research investigating psychosis based on the interaction between individuals and the environment, using MMN as an illustrative model.
Effects of physical activity on menopausal symptoms, psychosomatic factors and well-being among working women in England: A path analysis
Authors: Asiamah Nestor , Aladenola Olajumoke B , Cronin Camille , Sepp Leeni , O’Callaghan Kirsty
Published: November 2024

Background:

Research to date suggests that physical activity (PA) can buffer menopausal symptoms and support well-being, but there is limited evidence on the link between PA and menopausal symptoms in the United Kingdom, and no study has assessed how PA affects well-being through menopausal symptoms and three psychosomatic factors (i.e. depression, anxiety and stress).

Objectives:

This study investigated whether PA affects well-being through menopausal symptoms and psychosomatic factors. This study focuses on how PA influences working women with menopause.

Design:

A cross-sectional design based on the STROBE (i.e. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist was adopted.

Methods:

The participants were 324 working women in England. An online self-reported questionnaire was utilised to gather data through Qualtrics. The data were analysed with path analysis through structural equation modelling, and sensitivity analyses were performed to avoid or reduce statistical bias.

Results:

PA had a negative effect on menopausal symptoms (β = −0.21; p < 0.001) but a positive effect on well-being (β = 0.19; p < 0.001). Menopausal symptoms had a negative indirect effect on well-being, but PA had a positive indirect effect on well-being through menopausal symptoms and the three psychosomatic factors.

Conclusion:

PA was positively associated with well-being but negatively associated with menopausal symptoms. Menopausal symptoms may lower well-being through anxiety, depression and stress, but PA can be associated with better well-being through depression, anxiety and stress.
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Webinar Meeting Report
Authors: Ho Cindy N. , Ayers Alessandra T. , Beisswenger Paul , Chalew Stuart , Schmidt Ann Marie , Pandey Ambarish , Kapahi Pankaj , Fleming Alexander , Klonoff David C.
Published: November 2024

The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) Webinar was co-hosted by Diabetes Technology Society and Kitalys Institute on August 8, 2024, with the goal of reviewing progress made in the measurement and use of AGEs in clinical practice. Meeting topics included (1) AGEs as predictors of diabetic nephropathy (DKD), (2) hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and the glycation gap (GG), (3) formation and structure of AGEs, (4) AGEs as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and (5) approaches to limit or prevent AGE formation.
The Role of Individual and Contextual Resources Among Italian Emerging Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Person- and Variable-Centered Approach Within the Positive Youth Development Framework
Authors: Musso Pasquale , Iannello Nicolò Maria , Silletti Fabiola , Cassibba Rosalinda , Laganà Caterina , Albiero Paolo , Barrett Martyn , Inguglia Cristiano , Liga Francesca , Lo Coco Alida , Tenenbaum Harriet R. , Wiium Nora , Ingoglia Sonia
Published: November 2024

This study investigated how Italian emerging adults coped during COVID-19 from a Positive Youth Development framework. Five hundred sixty-five 18- to 29-year-olds completed surveys measuring personal (cognitive reappraisal, optimism), ecological (support and emotional connection with community) assets, and adaptation outcomes (anxiety and future societal expectations) during (T1) and after (T2) lockdown. Utilizing a person-centered approach, four profiles emerged at T1: promotive (high personal/ecological assets), personal (high personal/low ecological), contextual (low personal/high ecological), vulnerable (low on both). The promotive profile had the highest future societal expectations. The promotive/personal/contextual profiles reported the lowest anxiety at T2. Employing a variable-centered approach, only support and emotional connection with the community at T1 linked to reduced anxiety at T2; personal/ecological assets at T1 were not related to future societal expectations at T2. Findings supported PYD assumptions, indicating alignment of personal/ecological assets aids adaptation. We discuss implications for supporting young adults during crises like pandemics.