bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A136: Association of Parental Exercise Frequency with Physical Activity,
SSA and QoL in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Zhao Liangyu , Gao Yan , Yi Xiangren , Yang Yuke , Hu Yining , Sui Wenze , Hu Jingquan , Dong Xiaosheng
Published: January 2025

Background: Parental exercise frequency (PEF) may be a crucial
factor influencing adolescents' physical activity (PA), school social
adjustment (SSA), and quality of life (QoL), but it is little known to those
relationships. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship
between parental exercise frequency and physical activity, school social
adjustment, and quality of life among Chinese adolescents.

Methods: The study randomly selected 26,049 adolescents (age
14.35 ± 1.87), 13,404 males (age 14.29 ± 1.87) and 12,645 females (age 14.42
± 1.87), from 13 districts in Shandong Province, China. All adolescents
completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ), the School Social
Behavior Scale (SSBS), and the Quality of Life Scale for Children and
Adolescents (QLSCA). Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square
tests, ANOVA tests, and multiple linear regression.

Results: The result showed that a high level of education of
parents had higher frequency of physical activity, but whether adolescents
(male, only children) in boarding school had no significant effect on
physical activity. ANOVA illustrated that adolescents, not boarding school,
non-smoking, and non-alcoholic drinks, had higher levels of SSA (p <
0.001) and QoL (p < 0.001). In addition, PEF had a significant
association with both PA (Father: F(6,26042) = 358.089, p < 0.001;
Mother: F(6,26042) = 386.553, p < 0.001) and QoL (Father: F(6,26042) =
419.544, p < 0.001; Mother: F(6,26042) = 401.830, p < 0.001) in
adolescents compared to non-exercise participation. Frequency of mother’s
exercise had a significant association with adolescents' SSA (F(6,26042) =
414.520, p < 0.001), but fathers' exercise frequency only had a
significant association with adolescents' SSA when physical activity is more
than two times each week (F(6,26042) = 473.596, p < 0.001). The PA level
of adolescents also had a significant association with SSA (β = 0.863, p
< 0.05) and QoL (β = 7.141, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The results suggest that we should highlight not
only the PA in school setting, but also that of their parents, which is a
vital factor for further improving PA and QoL, so that parents exercise
participation may be better pathway to promote the association of PA with
SSA for adolescents.
A142: A Study on the Neglective Status and Influencing Factors of
Preschool Children in Xiangxi Prefecture
Authors: Peng Jinyin , Liu Yang , Dong Junwei
Published: January 2025

Objective: To understand the neglect of preschool children of
ethnic minorities in Xiangxi Prefecture, to explore its influencing factors,
and to provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the development of
intervention measures for preschool children's neglect in ethnic minority
areas.

Methods: A total of 1050 children from 4 rural kindergartens
and 4 urban kindergartens were randomly selected from Xiangxi Tujia and Miao
Autonomous Prefecture in March–May 2023 by stratified random cluster
sampling. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1050 parents of children
using the scales and evaluation methods developed by "Norms for the
Evaluation of Neglect in 3~6-year-old Children in Rural China" and "Norms
for the Evaluation of Neglect in Urban 3~6 Years Old Children in China", and
the frequency and intensity of children's neglect were reflected through the
neglect rate and neglect degree.

Results: The total neglect rate of urban preschool children in
Xiangxi Prefecture was 49.70%, and the total neglect rate was
43.78±6.33, and the total neglect rate of rural preschool children was
68.90%, and the total neglect rate was 49.70±9.07. The neglect of boys
and girls was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and the differences
were statistically significant (Χ2=12.151, t=-6.710,
P < 0.001, Χ2=25.771, t=-6.952,
P < 0.001). The neglect of preschool children aged
3–4 years and 5–6 years was higher in rural areas than in urban areas
(Χ2=9.470, t=-5.510, P < 0.001,
Χ2=30.320, t=-7.843, P < 0.001), and
the differences were statistically significant. The neglect of preschool
children of Tujia and Miao ethnic groups was higher in rural areas than in
urban areas, and the difference was statistically significant
(Χ2=8.090, t=-12.962, P < 0.05,
Χ2=32.434, t=-5.678, P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The neglect of urban and rural preschool children
in Xiangxi Prefecture is serious, and the neglect of rural children is even
more so. The main risk factors for neglect in preschool children are low
monthly family income, left-behind children, and lack of a separate room.
Therefore, Xiangxi Prefecture should focus on child neglect in rural areas
and strengthen the attention to child neglect to formulate effective
interventions to prevent child neglect.
A144: Effect of Reduced Plantar Cutaneous Sensation on Balance Control
Among People with Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Miao Yushan , Wang Dongmei , Shen Peixin , Song Qipeng
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether reduced plantar
cutaneous sensation could influence static balance control among people with
and without chronic ankle instability (CAI).

METHODS: Thirty-one people with CAI (female=7,
age=22.03±1.73 years, height=174.41±9.83 cm, body
mass=71.79±14.95 kg) and twenty-nine people without CAI (female=5,
age=22.86±1.59 years, height=172.81±7.99 cm, body
mass=69.04±11.32 kg) were recruited. Static balance controls were
represented by the mean displacement of the center of pressure (CoP) in the
anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions on a force plate
during unilateral standing with eyes open. The participants placed their
bare foot on shaved ice for 10 minutes to reduce plantar cutaneous
sensation. Plantar cutaneous sensation at the 5th metatarsal was measured
with a set of twenty Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (SWM) to confirm reduced
sensation levels. A higher value of SWM indicated a decreased sensation and
higher threshold. Plantar cutaneous sensation threshold and standing tests
were conducted before (pre-ice) and after (post-ice) ice immersion. Two-way
repeated ANOVA tests were used to analyze data.

RESULTS: Plantar cutaneous sensation threshold in the CAI group
(pre-ice: 3.11±0.34 gauge, post-ice: 4.15±0.29 gauge,
p < 0.001, d=3.29) and non-CAI
group (pre-ice: 2.95±0.34 gauge, post-ice: 4.10±0.34,
p < 0.001, d=3.38) significantly
increased after ice immersion, indicating a significant reduction in the
plantar cutaneous sensitivity. A significant interaction was detected in the
mean displacement of CoP in the AP direction (p = 0.047,
η2 = 0.069). Compared to pre-ice, the mean CoP displacement
in the AP direction (pre-immersion: 7.29±0.22, post-immersion:
6.62±0.22, p = 0.002, d = 3.05)
decreased in the CAI group while remaining unchanged in the control group
after ice immersion.

CONCLUSION: The reduction in plantar cutaneous sensation
induced by ice immersion enhanced static balance control in individuals with
CAI, with no observable effect on those without CAI. The results of this
study suggest that people with CAI produced adaptive changes compared to
people without CAI, which allows them to maintain balance to avoid
injury.
A146: Study on the Development Path of Green Sports Events in
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Gao Ying , Li Zhiliang
Published: January 2025

Background: The development of green sports events in the
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is an important way to promote
the coordinated development of the economy and ecology. The purpose of this
study was to investigate the development of green sports events, identifying
their development dilemmas, exploring the development path of green sports
events in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and promoting the
sustainable development of sports in the Bay Area.

Method: Firstly, research results on the green development of
sports events and other aspects at home and abroad are collected and
analyzed through the literature method. Secondly, an in-depth investigation
of green sports events in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was
conducted through the field survey method. Finally, suggestions on the green
development of sports events were collected through the expert interview
method.

Results: Through the study, it was found that there are the
following difficulties in conducting green sports tournaments: First, there
are fewer ecological protection policy measures for sports events. Second,
environmental awareness has not been fully popularized in the field of
sports events. Third, because of the lack of green event standards, event
organizers lack clear references and bases. Fourth, there is insufficient
application of green technology in sports events; Fifth, there is
insufficient cross-regional cooperation, making it difficult to form a
synergy in the Bay Area.

Conclusion: Through the study, the following pathways and
recommendations to promote the development of green sports events are
proposed: First, through policy guidance and support, encourage and support
sports events in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to develop
in the direction of green, low-carbon, and environmental protection. Second,
to enhance the environmental awareness of sports event participants and
change the concept of organizing events; Third, to formulate and improve the
standard system for green sports events in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, and to
clarify the evaluation indexes and standards for green events; Fourth, to
increase the research and development and application of green technologies,
and to promote the application of environmentally friendly materials and
energy-saving equipment, etc., in the field of sports events; and Fifth, to
strengthen cooperation and exchanges, to achieve complementary resources and
promote the overall development of the Bay Area.
A015: Physical Activity and Social Well-Being in Older Adults
Authors: Cui Junhong
Published: January 2025

Objective: To explore the relationship between physical
activity and social well-being in older adults and the mediating role of
social support and self-aging attitudes.

Methods: A physical activity rating scale, social support
scale, self-aging attitude questionnaire, and social well-being scale were
used to investigate 312 older adults, and structural equation modeling was
constructed for analysis.

Results: (1) Physical activity was significantly and positively
correlated with social support (r=0.335, p < 0.001) and social well-being
(r=0.361, p < 0.001); physical activity was significantly and negatively
correlated with self-aging attitudes (r=-0.373, p < 0.001); self-aging
attitudes were significantly correlated with social support (r=-0.293, p
< 0.001) and social well-being (r=-0.113, p < 0.05) were significantly
negatively correlated; social support was significantly positively
correlated with social well-being (r=.476, p < 0.001). (2) Structural
equation modeling analysis showed that social support and self-aging
attitudes mediated the relationship between physical activity and social
well-being, respectively, with indirect effect sizes (IEs) = 0.148 and
-0.032; and social support and self-aging attitudes had a chain mediation
between physical activity and social well-being among older adults, with an
IE = -0.02.

Conclusions: Physical activity among older adults not only
directly affected social well-being, but also has a significant effect on
social well-being through social support and self-aging attitudes. It also
indirectly affected social well-being through the mediating role of social
support and self-aging attitudes and the chain mediating role of social
support-self-aging attitudes.
A159: Study of Language Violence in Campus Sport Games from the
Perspective of Social Conflict Theory
Authors: Zheng Kun
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Campus sports, as a key component of
Chinese sports, is a crucial part of the process of building a leading
sports country. However, many verbal conflicts occurring in collegiate
sports events have damaged the image of athletics and students’ physical and
mental health, exerting negative influences on on-campus sports. Therefore,
to reduce incidents in campus sports events and to keep school sports
developing, this paper intended to investigate the phenomenon of language
violence in campus sports events, analyze the current situation and causes
of language violence incidents, explore the functions of language violence
incidents, and propose suggestions to decrease the risks brought by it.

Method: The study was conducted quantitatively and
qualitatively. A total of 164 undergraduates from different majors at S
University were selected as the research participants. Questionnaires,
observations, and interviews were used to explore the general situation of
language violence in basketball matches at this university. Based on these
methods, this investigation discussed the causes and functions of language
violence in basketball games from the perspective of Social Conflict
Theory.

Results: This study has three main aspects of findings.
Firstly, it found that verbal violent conflict occurrence in S University
remains high. These conflicts are more likely to happen among male students,
but the issues among female students cannot be ignored. Secondly, language
violence can be divided into two types: out-group conflict and in-group
conflict, both influenced by immaterial and material causes. For the former,
gamesmanship is the primary reason, while for the latter, the dominant cause
is differing opinions about judgment and arrangement. Thirdly, language
violence has two inverse effects. On one hand, the negative consequence is
similar to previous studies, as verbal conflict during games can escalate
into physical conflicts. On the other hand, the positive side includes the
integration of groups, the promotion of new institutions, and acting as a
“social safety valve.” Finally, according to the findings, this research
suggests that language violence in college sports games can be alleviated by
encouraging positive group values and improving imbalanced resource
allocation.

Conclusion/Discussion: Through the investigation, factors
causing language violence conflicts and the possible outcomes were analyzed
via Social Conflict Theory, and some feasible suggestions for students and
administrators were provided. For future studies, it is worthwhile to choose
other independent variables, such as players’ positions on the court, to
examine more underlying factors.
A161: Development History, Content Characteristics and Optimization
Strategies of China's Digital Sports Policy
Authors: Lu Bin , Fei Jiaming , Zhang Wangxing
Published: January 2025

Research Purpose: Digital sports policy guides and leads the
development of digital sports. Scientific and reasonable policies are
crucial to the high-quality development of digital sports in the new
era.

Research Methods: We used methods such as the literature data
method, word frequency analysis method, and text analysis method to sort out
the development process of digital sports policy and analyzed the content
characteristics, policy objectives, and selection characteristics of policy
tools.

Research Results: (1) The development history of my country's
digital sports policy includes three periods: (2005–2015) the initial
exploration period; (2016–2020) the slow growth period; and after 2021, a
period of rapid development. (2) In terms of policy content, the eastern
region leads the development and focuses on application promotion; the
central region is slightly more vigorous in development and attaches great
importance to the construction of digital sports platforms; the western
region is developing well and focuses on leveraging sports consumption. (3)
In terms of policy objectives, the national-level and local government
policies focus on building digital sports. However, the country focuses on
leading local construction and creating a development environment for
digital sports, while local governments focus on mass fitness and digital
sports services. (4) In terms of policy tools, four policy tools are widely
used: information tools (excessively used), authoritative tools (underused),
fiscal and taxation tools (insufficiently used), and organizational tools
(properly selected). The overall use of policy tools is unbalanced.

Research Conclusions and Suggestions: (1)
Conclusion: After more than 20 years of development, my
country's digital sports policy has gone through an initial exploration
period, experienced a slow growth period, and now has entered a period of
rapid development. There are regional differences in the formulation of
policy content and different implementation paths of policy goals. Policy
tools are widely used, but the frequency of use varies greatly, and the use
of policy tools is unbalanced. (2) Optimization Strategy: In
the future, the use of information-based, authoritative, fiscal, and
organizational policy tools should be optimized and balanced, and the
internal structure of policy tools should be improved. To enhance the
coordination of policy goals, attention should be paid to improving the
efficiency of digital sports governance and coordinating the development of
multiple entities, expanding policy content coverage, improving the
distribution of digital sports governance elements, and providing full play
to the overall effect of the policy.
A163: Analysis and Prospects of Youth Sports for the Disabled in
China
Authors: Ni Ruifeng
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Based on the White Paper on the Development of Sports and Protection
of the Rights of the Disabled in China published by the Information Office
of the State Council, and referencing the Opinions of the Ministry of
Education on Deepening the Integration of Physical Education and Sport and
Promoting the Healthy Development of Young People, this paper investigated
the current state of sports participation among young people with
disabilities in China. It analyzed the challenges hindering its development
and proposed solutions.

Methods: This study examined youth with disabilities, their caregivers, and
families across five provinces and cities, including Jinhua City in Zhejiang
Province and Shijiazhuang City in Hebei Province. Employing literature
review, expert interviews, questionnaires, logical reasoning, and
mathematical statistics, it compared and analyzed sports participation among
disabled youths domestically and internationally to identify the core issues
limiting engagement in sports in China.

Results: The analysis revealed that barriers to sports participation for
young people with disabilities included: 1) insufficient attention from
local governments and schools towards mass sports for the disabled, with
some special education schools even neglecting physical education, thus
preventing students from accessing sports; 2) a shortage of qualified
physical education teachers and instructors, coupled with a lack of
professional training for these educators and for social sports instructors;
3) families of disabled individuals often overlook the importance of sports,
neglecting their children's needs for physical activity and the benefits it
brings to physical and mental health; 4) low self-esteem among youths,
leading to resistance towards sports participation.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, to enhance sports participation among
young people with disabilities, future efforts should focus on: 1)
strengthening policy guidance, improving laws and regulations, and
prioritizing special education schools to safeguard the sports rights of
young people with disabilities; 2) broadening the diversity of sources for
physical education teachers and optimizing pathways for the re-employment of
retired athletes; 3) enhancing the service system for social sports
instructors for disabled individuals; 4) fostering greater societal
awareness and integration between disabled and non-disabled communities.
A164: Research on the Matching of Talent Supply and Demand in China's
Sports Industry
Authors: Ding Yunxia , Ding Zhejing
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Developing a systematic approach is
essential for the sports industry development. Talent optimization plays a
crucial part in this process. The present study gathered talent-related data
pertaining to China's sports industry between 2015 and 2021.

Method: This study used the structural deviation coefficient
model to analyze the supply and demand structural matching of data related
to China's sports industry and talents from 2015–2021. The gray
prediction model was used to predict and analyze the demand for talents in
China's sports industry in the middle and late 14th Five-Year Plan. The
participation of relevant subjects in the systematization of the sports
industry and the path of collaborative training of talents in the sports
industry was explored.

Results: Several notable findings have been observed: (1) the
number of talented individuals has steadily increased, (2) the scale of the
sports service industry, as well as the proportion of market players and
talented individuals, continue to rise, (3) there is a serious oversupply of
talent in the sports industry, and (4) the sports industry lacks systematic
and composite talent. A grey forecasting model was utilized to predict the
demand for China's sport market by 2025. This study identified the need for
collaborative professional training and examined potential approaches.

Conclusion/Discussion: Firstly, the administrative departments
responsible for sports may prioritize development needs and coordinate
talent construction. Secondly, sports enterprises may actively engage in
talent training system construction by initiating relevant talent standards.
Lastly, social training institutions, universities, and colleges may
facilitate curriculum alignment with industry development to accelerate
talent cultivation.
A166: Effects of Mind-Body Exercises on Women Breast Cancer
Survivors
Authors: Pei Peng , Zeng Liqing , Wang Yan
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most
common malignant tumors in the world and the leading cause of cancer-related
death in women. Mind-body exercise (MBE) is a non-pharmacological and
low-intensity multimodal form of exercise with reliable benefits for
improving quality of life (QOL) and relieving cancer-related symptoms.
Currently, there is a lack of consensus in clinical studies on the optimal
form of MBE to improve QOL and cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in BC survivors.
Therefore, this network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to quantitatively analyze
and rank different MBE interventions for women BC survivors, thereby
improving the accuracy and generalization of research results.

Method: This review searched published randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) in eight electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase,
Cochrane CENTRAL, EBSCO, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang from inception to October
30, 2023. NMA and comparative effects ranking were performed using STATA
17.0 software. The MBEs were ranked to determine their superiority based on
the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and mean rank. The Cochrane
Collaboration tool for RCTs was used to assess the risk of bias for all
included studies. Publication bias of NMA was determined by visual
inspection of the symmetry of the network funnel plot.

Results: This study included 117 studies with 10,135 women BC
patients and eight different MBEs (Baduanjin, Tai chi, dance, pilates,
mindfulness, qigong, relaxation, yoga). Baduanjin showed the largest effect
size in significantly improving subjective QOL (SMD = 3.03, 95% CI [2.04,
4.01]) compared with the control group, followed by relaxation training (SMD
= 1.44, 95% CI [1.04, 1.85]), yoga (SMD = 0.89, 95% CI [0.36, 1.42]),
mindfulness (SMD = 0.83, 95% CI [0.54, 1.12]), and Tai chi (SMD = 0.76, 95%
CI [0.04, 1.48]). Furthermore, Tai chi (SMD = -1.42, 95% CI [-2.21, -0.63])
ranked first in significantly reducing CRF in BC patients compared with the
control group, followed by mindfulness (SMD = -0.81, 95% CI [-1.11, -0.50]),
relaxation training (SMD = -0.70, 95% CI [-1.12, -0.28]), and yoga (SMD =
-0.53, 95% CI [-0.88, -0.18]).

Conclusion/Discussion: Our NMA confirmed the benefit of MBE in
improving QOL and alleviating CRF in BC patients during illness and
postoperative rehabilitation. We recommend Baduanjin and Tai chi as inter-
and post-treatment exercises for BC patients. Our study supports the
effective role of traditional Chinese physical exercise in clinical
rehabilitation and treatment, and provides new evidence for BC treatment,
which could enhance the clinical decision-making by doctors and nurses.
A167: The Impact of Physical Exercise on Subjective Well-Being in
Elementary Students
Authors: Wu Xinwei , Hu Mengyue , Li Youfa
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Physical exercise has been recognized for its
beneficial effects on emotional states, with previous research highlighting
its positive correlation with subjective well-being. However, the pathways
through which physical exercise influences subjective well-being remain
unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which physical
exercise impacted subjective well-being among elementary school students,
analyzing the chain mediating role of peer relationships and depression.

Methods: The study sampled 15,538 fourth-grade students from
312 elementary schools in Taiyuan City, including 7,838 boys (50.5%) and
7,690 girls (49.5%), with an average age of 10.38 ± 0.56 years. Data
collection was conducted on October 25, 2023, through self-reported
questionnaires covering physical exercise, subjective well-being, peer
relationships, and depression. Structural equation modeling was constructed
using Mplus 8.3 software, controlling for gender and family socioeconomic
status. The mediating effects of depression and peer relationships were
tested using the Bootstrap method, and descriptive statistics and
correlation analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0.

Results: (1) The structural equation model showed a good fit
(χ2 = 79.755, df = 2, CFI =
0.990, TLI = 0.932, RMSEA = 0.050,
SRMR = 0.014). Physical exercise positively predicted
peer relationships (β = 0.227, t = 16.311,
p < 0.001) and subjective well-being
(β = 0.111, t = 7.189,
p < 0.001), and negatively predicted depression
(β = -0.246, t = -15.676,
p < 0.001). Depression negatively predicted peer
relationships (β = -0.471, t = -51.299,
p < 0.001) and subjective well-being
(β = -0.162, t = -16.904,
p < 0.001). Peer relationships positively predicted
subjective well-being (β = 0.273, t =
30.627, p < 0.001). (2) Depression's mediating effect
between physical exercise and subjective well-being was significant, with a
95% interval of [0.035, 0.049], accounting for 18.6% of the effect.
Similarly, peer relationships' mediating effect had a 95% interval of
[0.053, 0.070], accounting for 25.9% of the effect, confirming their roles
as mediating variables. (3) The chain mediating effect of depression and
peer relationships between physical exercise and subjective well-being was
significant, with a 95% interval of [0.028, 0.038], accounting for 13.4% of
the total effect, indicating a significant chain mediation.

Conclusion: Physical exercise significantly and positively
predicted subjective well-being among elementary school students. Depression
and peer relationships acted as mediating variables between physical
exercise and subjective well-being, and the influence of physical exercise
on subjective well-being was mediated through a chain effect involving both
depression and peer relationships.
A172: Performance of Muscle Explosive and Maximal Strength in Trampoline
Athletes at Different Levels of Competition
Authors: Sun Mengzi , Zhang Fangtong , Qu Feng , Zhou Xinglong , Mao Wenhui
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To study the differences in lower limb muscle
explosive and maximal strength among trampoline athletes at different levels
of competition.

Methods: A total of fifteen trampoline athletes, comprising
seven elite and eight non-elite athletes, participated in this project.
Lower limb explosive strength was assessed using the countermovement jump
(CMJ) test. Maximal strength was evaluated by the MicroFet portable system.
The maximal strength of the hip, knee, and ankle were measured and
standardized by weight. Independent t-tests were employed to examine the
differences between the two groups. Cohen's d was used to evaluate the
related effect size. Small, medium, and large effect sizes are represented
by 0.20 ≤ d < 0.50, 0.50 ≤ d < 0.80,
and d ≥ 0.80, respectively.

Results: Significant differences were observed in the CMJ
performance between the two groups. The take-off velocity of elite athletes
(2.91±0.17m/s) was higher than that of non-elite athletes (2.63±0.24 m/s,
p=0.023, d=1.328). Additionally, the
jump height increased from elite athletes (0.42±0.05m) to non-elite athletes
(0.32±0.06m, p=0.009, d=1.591).
Furthermore, elite athletes demonstrated higher average power output
(32.79±3.49W/kg) compared to non-elite athletes (27.10±3.51W/kg,
p=0.008, d=1.627). The reactive
strength index in the non-elite athletes (0.75±0.12m/s) was lower than in
the elite athletes (0.96±0.15m/s, p=0.011,
d=1.530). However, no significant differences were
observed in relative muscle strength of the lower limb (hip, knee, and
ankle) between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: For trampoline athletes, the explosive strength of
the lower limbs appears to have a more pronounced effect on performance than
maximal strength. Therefore, developing the explosive strength of the lower
limbs may be crucial for enhancing the performance of trampoline
athletes.
A173: An Experimental Study of the Effects of Exercise Intervention on
Executive Function in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Hu Lingling , Yin Hengchan , Cui Lei , Shen Qiqi
Published: January 2025

Background: Executive function (EF) is an important component
of cognitive function, referring to a higher-level cognitive process that
coordinates and controls various basic cognitive processes when completing
complex cognitive tasks. It includes three sub-functions: inhibition,
working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Globally, high rates of
overweight and obesity remain a public health issue. Previous studies have
shown that, compared to adolescents with healthy weight, adolescents with
obesity have poorer inhibitory function in EF. In addition, the
effectiveness of the exercise intervention is seen in the normal adolescent
population as well as in special adolescents with poor EF. However, there
have been few studies on exercise interventions for EF in adolescents with
obesity, and the characteristics of time-course changes are unclear.

Methods: 28 junior high school students with obesity were
screened as the experimental group and 24 junior high school students with
normal weight were randomly selected as the control group. The experimental
group used a 14-week aerobic combined with resistance training exercise
intervention, and the control group carried out the regular classroom
exercise content. The three sub-functions of inhibition, refreshing, and
switching of the obese and normal junior high school students were measured
before the intervention, 12 weeks after the intervention, and 14 weeks after
the intervention.

Results: The results showed that: 1) Junior high school
students with obesity had lower levels of inhibition (t
(50) = 3.069, p = 0.003, Cohen's d =
0.848) and cognitive flexibility (t
(50) = 2.600, p = 0.013, Cohen's d =
0.292) than healthy weight junior high school students. 2) The
aerobic exercise combined with resistance training exercise intervention had
positive benefits on EF in junior high school students with obesity. The
inhibition (p < 0.01, p = 0.003) and
cognitive flexibility (p = 0.001, p <
0.01) at 14 and 12 weeks of intervention were significantly better than the
pretest, and the working memory (p = 0.004) at 14 weeks of
intervention was significantly better than that at pretest. There were no
significant differences between the time points (p >
0.05) of EF in healthy weight junior high school students.

Conclusion: The study concluded that adolescents with obesity
have lower levels of inhibition and cognitive flexibility than healthy
weight adolescents, and the time-course effects of the improvement effects
of inhibition, updating of working memory, and cognitive flexibility vary
with the intervention time in adolescents with obesity.
A174: Obese Adolescents
Authors: Wu Minhua , Cao Meng , Gao Yuhang
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: The incidence of overweight and obesity
among adolescents is escalating rapidly. Many studies have validated the
efficacy of low-volume, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in
ameliorating cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity.
Nonetheless, the influence of exercise frequency—a pivotal element in HIIT's
effectiveness—requires further exploration. This study aimed to evaluate the
impacts of different HIIT frequencies on body composition and
cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents aged 10-13 years with obesity.

Methods: Sixty adolescents with obesity aged 10-13 (age:
11.0±3.0 years, BMI: 23.4±2.5 kg/m^2) were randomly allocated to three
exercise intervention groups (IG1, IG2, and IG3) and a non-exercise control
group (CG). The intervention groups engaged in the same running-based HIIT
program at varying frequencies: once weekly (IG-1, n=15, 10 males, 5
females), twice weekly (IG-2, n=15, 10 males, 5 females), and thrice weekly
(IG-3, n=15, 10 males, 5 females). The CG (n=15, 9 males, 6 females)
participated in only regular school physical education and extracurricular
activities without additional exercise. Each HIIT session comprised 3 sets
of 8 high-intensity 15-second runs at 100% maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and 8
recovery jogs of 15 seconds at 50% MAS, with a 3-minute rest between sets,
totaling 18 minutes. Body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness were
assessed before and after the intervention. Between-group comparisons were
conducted using single-factor ANOVA, and within-group differences were
analyzed with paired-samples t-tests.

Results: Post a 12-week intervention, all experimental groups
exhibited improvements in body composition and cardiopulmonary fitness,
notably IG-3 and IG-2, which demonstrated significant enhancements. IG-3
showed significant changes in weight, BMI, body fat percentage, total body
fat mass, fat-free mass, VAT, VO2max, systolic blood pressure, and waist
circumference (t-values: 8.726, 7.020, 10.960, 4.923,
-3.328, 4.948, -10.557, 2.957, 5.113; P < 0.05), as did
IG-2 across these metrics (t-values: 8.15, 6.615, 10.831,
5.028, 6.64, -13.705, 2.965, 3.214, 3.453; P < 0.05).
Conversely, the CON and IG-1 groups exhibited fewer improvements, with IG-1
showing gains in BMI, FM, BF, FFM, and VO2max (t-values:
3.638, 7.164, 5.551, -3.392, -6.884; P < 0.05). Relative
to the control group CG, IG-2 emerged with the most differential indicators
post-intervention, followed by IG-3, with IG-1 presenting the least.

Conclusion: Running-based high-intensity interval training
twice weekly optimally boosts body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness
in adolescents with obesity. This frequency balances efficacy and
practicality, offering a viable method to combat adolescent obesity. Future
research should explore long-term effects and adherence to these exercise
regimens.
A018: Dual-Process Advantages of Ball Players in Sport-Related
Domains
Authors: Mao Xuechen
Published: January 2025

Background: Based on a dual-process framework, two qualitatively different
modes of processing guide human behaviour. Type 1 processes refer to
automatic, unconscious processing that can be responsible for Task 1, while
Type 2 processes refer to controlled, conscious processing required by Task
2. Although many existing sport psychology studies emphasize that the
dual-process model can be applied to the sports domain, this application has
shortcomings. The first debate of this application is whether dual-process
advantages in athletes are limited to sport-specific realms. Furthermore,
although the dual-process framework pays more attention to automatic
processes (Type 1 processes), it loses sight of subliminal processes, as
well as the combination between subliminal processes (Type 1 processes) and
working memory processes (Type 2 processes), which is more associated with
real competitive game situations. The second controversy is the relationship
between the two processing types. Therefore, the present article aimed to
answer two questions: (1) whether athletes show better performance in the
dual-process situation when the stimuli are not related or related to their
expertise domain, and (2) whether dual processes compete for cognitive
resources, that is, whether working memory load influences subliminal
priming.

Methods: The study used a mixed factorial design of 2 (subjects: athletes vs.
non-athletes) x 2 (load: low vs. high) x 2 (consistency: consistent vs.
inconsistent). A novel dual-process paradigm was developed, where
participants performed a subliminal priming task while completing a working
memory task. The memory materials were digits and the subliminal stimuli
were either unrelated to (Experiment 1) or related to (Experiment 2)
specialized athletic experience. Electroencephalography was employed in this
study. Sixty aged-matched competitive table tennis players and 60
non-athletes participated.

Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between
athletes and non-athletes in the performance of subliminal processing under
working memory load in Experiment 1; however, in Experiment 2, athletes were
significantly better than non-athletes. Additionally, subliminal priming
remained unaffected with increasing working memory load among both athletes
and non-athletes. Cross-experiment analyses revealed a significant four-way
interaction effect of experiment x group x load x consistency.

Conclusions: These results suggest that athletes show better performance in
the dual-process situation when the stimuli are related to their expertise
domain. In addition, dual processes compete for cognitive resources, that
is, working memory load influences subliminal priming.
A181: The Realistic Path of Green Sports to Boost Urban
Development
Authors: Huang Xinyu
Published: January 2025

Green sports is an emerging form of sports that pursues the integrated
development and harmonious coexistence of sport, humanities, and ecology. As
the interaction between the green sports industry and cities becomes
increasingly closer, it is of great practical significance to explore how
the development path of green sports can enhance urban development. Green
sports have the characteristics of close industrial connection,
environmental protection, low carbon, and a huge consumption base.

It can promote the transformation of social, economic, and ecological models
of cities by bringing into play the economic vitality, social benefits, and
ecological benefits of the green sports industry. However, due to
misconceptions, insufficient binding policies, and the lack of effective
development paths, green sports in China have always been stagnant in
promoting urban development.

This paper explored the practical paths of modernized green sports
development in China by using literature, expert interviews, and case study
methods. It was argued that the role of green sports in promoting urban
development is mainly reflected in how the advancement of this industry
helps establish a favorable city image, alleviates the lack of public space
for urban sports, promotes urban economic growth, realizes the optimization
of residents’ consumption structure, and promotes the ecological
transformation of cities.

In view of this, it was proposed that universities should rely on the
curriculum to cultivate students' concept of green sports, guide students to
practice green sports development guidelines, and rely on events to
implement green concepts. Cities should build a green sports industry
circle, create regional brand events, build integrated policy standards,
develop a green sports events market, establish a complete guarantee
mechanism, shape a humanized space environment, stimulate new vitality of
green development, and promote digital development. These strategies will
jointly build a harmonious development path between green sports and the
city, realizing the co-development of people, sports, and the environment,
and collaborate to promote the prosperity of the city.
A021: Hypoxic Complex Exercise Promotes HIF-1Α Expression to Improve
Drosophila Cardiac Pumping Function
Authors: Ping Xu , Zheng Lan , Li Qiufang
Published: January 2025

Background: Some studies have shown that the stability and transcription of
HIF-1Α significantly increases under hypoxic conditions, and HIF and
its downstream targets are becoming a new choice for the treatment of
various organ injuries to improve physical function. Combined with the
team's pre-screening of suitable hypoxic compound exercise protocols, this
study aimed to explore the link between the expression of exercise
HIF-1Α under hypoxic conditions and cardiac function, in order to
provide a realistic and theoretical basis for the improvement of cardiac
function by hypoxic compound exercise.

Methods: 300 Drosophila flies of wild-type W11188 strain feathered within 12 hours were collected and randomly
divided into control (NC), hypoxic quiet (HC), normoxic exercise (NE), and
intermittent hypoxic training (HE) groups, with 100 Drosophila in each group, and were subjected to
intermittent hypoxic, normoxic and hypoxic combined exercise interventions
for 5 consecutive days, lasting for one hour per day, at the age of 7 days,
respectively. The gas used in both HC and HE groups was a mixture of 6% O2
and 94% N2. At 24 h after the intervention, the changes of cardiac actin
were observed by F-actin staining, the changes of HIF-1Α expression
level in the heart were detected by RT-qPCR, and 30 s of Drosophila heart
beats were captured by an EM-CCD digital video camera (130 frames/s) to
quantify the indexes of Drosophila cardiac pumping function.

Results: Compared with the NC group, HIF-1Α expression increased in the
heart after hypoxic compound exercise (P < 0.001), the diameter of the
heart tube became larger, the arrangement of cardiac myofilaments was
tighter and neater, the systolic diameter of the heart increased (P <
0.05), the diastolic diameter increased (P < 0.001), and the shortening
fraction improved (P < 0.001). Compared with the NC group, HIF-1Α
expression did not change significantly in the NE group, and the heart had
an increased systolic diameter (P < 0.05), an increased diastolic
diameter (P < 0.001), and a slightly improved shortening fraction.
Compared with the NC group, after intermittent hypoxic exposure, cardiac
HIF-1Α expression was elevated, the diameter of the heart became
smaller, myocardial myofilaments were irregularly arranged, the systolic and
diastolic diameters did not change significantly, and the shortening
fraction was slightly increased.

Conclusion: Hypoxic compound exercise promoted HIF-1Α expression in the
heart and improved cardiac pumping function.
A031: Design and Practice of AI-Powered Precision Teaching Model for
Public Physical Education Courses in Universities
Authors: Liu Dongxiao , Sun Xuankun , Zhang Aowei
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Five major teaching pain points often occur
in the teaching of public physical education courses in universities: (1)
First pain point is easy to have deviations in movement cognition and
self-practice. (2) It is difficult to accurately grasp the intensity and
density of exercise. (3) Lack of process and phased teaching evaluations can
inhibit the cultivation of autonomous exercise drive. (4) Unhealthy
aesthetics have a negative impact, leading to a deviation in aesthetic
perception among students. (5) Students lack autonomous learning ability and
have difficulty cultivating post-class exercise habits. How to resolve these
"pain points" are now the key factors influencing the development of our
college physical education in the future.

Method: 78 students (Mage = 20.26 years, SD = 1.22, 38 males,
40 females) were taken as the research participants. Participants were
randomly divided into Group A (traditional teaching mode) and Group B (AI
intelligent and precise teaching mode), with 90-minute sessions per week for
a total of 12 weeks. The AI teaching mode included somatosensory interactive
games, "AI Virtual Teacher", "MOOC," and heart-rate monitoring wristwatch
teaching aids. Twice, in the sixth and twelfth weeks, students were surveyed
in four aspects: skill mastery, physical fitness, hours of exercise, and
interest in learning PE.

Results: (a) Group B's interest in learning and exercise
duration were both significantly higher than Group A's (P < 0.05); (b)
Group B’s AVG score of skill test: 3.42 points higher than that of Group A,
and Group B’s AVG score of physical fitness: 1.2 points higher than that of
Group A. (c) Group B’s independent learning ability was better than that of
Group A (t = 14.8, P < 0.05); (d) A significant difference was observed
between the traditional teaching mode and the AI intelligent and precise
teaching mode.

Conclusion/Discussion: Based on the above "five major pain
points," this study explored a new model of "information technology + PE
teaching" in PE courses in universities, initially using "AI virtual
teachers," "MOOC," and adopting teaching organization methods such as
"imitation + questioning + discussion + answering + training + creation +
review + competition." It created a three-dimensional teaching model
integrating points, lines, and surfaces, realizing comprehensive teaching
guidance by "real teachers" and "AI virtual teachers," and ultimately
achieving real-time, refined, and diversified teaching guidance. The
research results can provide a reference for future teaching reform of PE
courses in universities.
A032: Archery Consistency Assessment by Using Inertial Measurement Unit
(IMU)
Authors: Lin Zengkai , Zhou Xinglong
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Nowadays, the primary methods for
evaluating archery techniques, especially the consistency, include force
plates, motion capture systems, etc. However, these methods are
characterized by their high cost, slow feedback, and lack of portability.
Therefore, this study attempted to evaluate the consistency of archery
techniques by using Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and to verify its
feasibility.

Method: Six Chinese national archery team archers (3 men, 3
women, elite) participated in the 50m-target field test by using 5 IMUs
(Xsens-DOT, Netherlands; 60Hz) and 8-lens Qualisys Motion Capture Equipment
(Qualisys-OQUS-700, Sweden; 200Hz). Phases were divided based on Qualisys
data, and the Coefficient of Multiple Correlation (CMC) was used to verify
the feasibility of inertial sensor in archery. DTW-distance, which was
calculated by Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm, was used to evaluate the
consistency of archery. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the DTW-distance
in different body parts. The paired T-test was used to compare the
DTW-distance between ten-ring groups and non-ten-ring groups. The
significance level was set at 0.05.

Results: In the comparison of acceleration parameters obtained
by Xsens-DOT and Qualisys, it was found that most CMC values were greater
than 0.75 (with high similarity), indicating that the acceleration curves
obtained by the two systems had high similarity. Moreover, DTW-distance was
used to evaluate movement consistency, and it was found that the consistency
of lumbar was better than other parts (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was
no statistical significance in the movement consistency between the ten-ring
group and non-ten-ring group of Chinese top archers (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Compared with motion capture system, IMU and motion
capture system have high similarity in acquiring acceleration parameters,
which can be used for technical feedback of archery daily training.
Additionally, the DTW-distance of lumbar acceleration parameters in the
aiming phase can be used as a feedback index for archery techniques. Future
research can follow up with larger sample sizes and examine the IMUs'
prolonged validity and feasibility in archery.