Meteoropathy: myth or reality? Assessment of the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and weather conditions according to data from a Moscow hospital
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Zyryanov S. K. , Shepel R. N. , Orlov D. O. , Rogozhkina E. A. , Egorov P. V. , Yavelov I. S. 
Published: June 2024

Many patients and some doctors associate the worsening of cardiovascular diseases with meteoropathy (changes in atmospheric pressure and air temperature). Opinion about lack of weather influence on the increase in overall morbidity and the lack of related research data indicate the need to study the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and meteorological conditions.

Aim. To assess the prevalence of hospitalizations with symptomatic increases in blood pressure (BP), atrial fibrillation (AF), and decompensated heart failure (HF) in a Moscow hospital depending on meteorological conditions.

Material and methods. This retrospective analysis of the number of emergency hospitalizations of patients with symptomatic increases in blood pressure, AF, and decompensated HF in Moscow City Clinical Hospital № 24 was carried out in the period from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. Information from the website www.weather.com was used as a source of meteorological data. The following indicators were assessed daily: daytime air temperature (t), nighttime air temperature, maximum diurnal air temperature variation, atmospheric pressure, maximum diurnal atmospheric pressure variation, amount of precipitation. To assess statistical significance, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. A correlation analysis was carried out, and a prognostic model was created using multiple linear regression.

Results. During the period from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019, 4354 patients were hospitalized at City Clinical Hospital № 24 with symptomatic BP increase and/or AF and/or decompensated HF. The highest number of hospitalizations occurred in November, December and January. The median number of admissions per day was 12 patients. When comparing the mean number of patients admitted to the hospital per day, depending on day- and nighttime air temperature, following statistically significant differences were obtained (p<0,001): with day- and nighttime air temperature ≥0о C, the number of admissions was less compared to sub-zero temperatures. Significant inverse correlations were established between the number of patients hospitalized with symptomatic BP increase, AF and HF per day, with air temperature at night (correlation coefficient r=-0,339; p<0,001), air t during the day (r=-0,316; p<0,001), temperature difference over 48 hours (r=-0,205; p<0,001); direct correlations with atmospheric pressure (r=0,106; p=0,044) and its changes (r=0,115; p=0,028) were identified. All identified relationships were of moderate strength. According to prognostic model, only nighttime air temperature turned out to be a significant indicator associated with the hospitalization rate per day. With a decrease in air temperature at night for every 7,5о C <0, one more patient is expected to be hospitalized with a symptomatic BP increase, decompensated HF, or paroxysmal AF.

Conclusion. Negative air temperature in a metropolis is associated with an increase in hospitalizations for symptomatic BP increase, AF or decompensated HF. Atmospheric pressure and precipitation do not affect these conditions.