bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of electrochemotherapy with trans-platinum analogue trans-[PtCl2(3-Hmpy)2]
Authors: Kranjc Simona , Cemazar Maja , Sersa Gregor , Scancar Janez , Grabner Sabina
Published: September 2017

Background

Cisplatin is used in cancer therapy, but its side effects and acquired resistance to cisplatin have led to the synthesis and evaluation of new platinum compounds. Recently, the synthesized platinum compound trans-[PtCl2(3-Hmpy)2] (3-Hmpy = 3-hydroxymethylpyridine) (compound 2) showed a considerable cytotoxic and antitumour effectiveness. To improve compound 2 cytotoxicity in vitro and antitumour effectiveness in vivo, electroporation was used as drug delivery approach to increase membrane permeability (electrochemotherapy).

Materials and methods

In vitro, survival of sarcoma cells with different intrinsic sensitivity to cisplatin (TBLCl2 sensitive, TBLCl2Pt resistant and SA-1 moderately sensitive) was determined using a clonogenic assay after treatment with compound 2 or cisplatin electrochemotherapy. In vivo, the antitumour effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with compound 2 or cisplatin was evaluated using a tumour growth delay assay. In addition, platinum in the serum, tumours and platinum bound to the DNA in the cells were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Results

In vitro, cell survival after treatment with compound 2 electrochemotherapy was significantly decreased in all tested sarcoma cells with different intrinsic sensitivity to cisplatin (TBLCl2 sensitive, TBLCl2Pt resistant and SA-1 moderately sensitive). However, this effect was less pronounced compared to cisplatin. Interestingly, the enhancement factor (5-fold) of compound 2 cytotoxicity was equal in cisplatin-sensitive TBLCl2 and cisplatin-resistant TBLCl2Pt cells. In vivo, the growth delay of subcutaneous tumours after treatment with compound 2 electrochemotherapy was lower compared to cisplatin. The highest antitumour effectiveness after cisplatin or compound 2 electrochemotherapy was obtained in TBLCl2 tumours, resulting in 67% and 11% of tumour cures, respectively. Compound 2 induced significantly smaller loss of animal body weight compared to cisplatin. Furthermore, platinum amounts in tumours after compound 2 or cisplatin electrochemotherapy were approximately 2-fold higher compared to the drug treatment only, and the same increase of platinum bound to DNA was observed.

Conclusions

The obtained results in vitro and in vivo suggest compound 2 as a potential antitumour agent in electrochemotherapy.
Texte, textualisation et pratique : Le devenir de l'énonciation
Authors: Colas-Blaise Marion
Published: September 2017

Convoquant le cadre théorique de la sémiotique (post-)greimassienne, cette contribution se propose de cibler quelques-unes des étapes ayant marqué la réflexion sur l’énonciation depuis les années 1970–1980, avant d’esquisser les contours d’une sémiotique de l’énonciation comme pratique située. Ainsi, après avoir rappelé que la théorie de l’énonciation « énoncée » (Greimas et Courtés 1979) invite à repérer les marques laissées dans le texte par l’énonciation, qui est présupposée, virtuelle et hypothétique, nous visons à rendre compte de la dynamique de la constitution du texte (textualisation) en mettant l’accent, d’une part, sur l’énonciation « vivante » (Fontanille 2003 [1998] ; cf. la conversion de la marque en trace) et, d’autre part, sur le geste énonciatif d’une instance sensible pourvue d’une corporalité (cf. la conversion de la marque en empreinte, Fontanille 2011). Enfin, une sémiotique de l’énonciation comme acte ou pratique nous conduit à prendre en considération d’autres strates du parcours de l’expression (Fontanille 2008) que celle du texte, en particulier celle du support-objet. L’accent est également mis sur l’environnement (le cadre institutionnel, socioéconomique et culturel). Dans ce contexte, nous cherchons à évaluer la portée et la pertinence du concept de dispositif.
Visual Responses in FEF, Unlike V1, Primarily Reflect When the Visual Context Renders a Receptive Field Salient
Authors: Joiner Wilsaan M. , Cavanaugh James , Wurtz Robert H. , Cumming Bruce G.
Published: September 2017

When light falls within a neuronal visual receptive field (RF) the resulting activity is referred to as the visual response. Recent work suggests this activity is in response to both the visual stimulation and the abrupt appearance, or salience, of the presentation. Here we present a novel method for distinguishing the two, based on the timing of random and nonrandom presentations. We examined these contributions in frontal eye field (FEF;N= 51) and as a comparison, an early stage in the primary visual cortex (V1;N= 15) of male monkeys (Macaca mulatta). An array of identical stimuli was presented within and outside the neuronal RF while we manipulated salience by varying the time between stimulus presentations. We hypothesized that the rapid presentation would reduce salience (the sudden appearance within the visual field) of a stimulus at any one location, and thus decrease responses driven by salience in the RF. We found that when the interstimulus interval decreased from 500 to 16 ms there was an approximate 79% reduction in the FEF response compared with an estimated 17% decrease in V1. This reduction in FEF response for rapid presentation was evident even when the random sequence preceding a stimulus did not stimulate the RF for 500 ms. The time course of these response changes in FEF suggest that salience is represented much earlier (<100 ms following stimulus onset) than previously estimated. Our results suggest that the contribution of salience dominates at higher levels of the visual system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neuronal responses in early visual processing [e.g., primary visual cortex (V1)] reflect primarily the retinal stimulus. Processing in higher visual areas is modulated by a combination of the visual stimulation and contextual factors, such as salience, but identifying these components separately has been difficult. Here we quantified these contributions at a late stage of visual processing [frontal eye field (FEF)] and as a comparison, an early stage in V1. Our results suggest that as visual information continues through higher levels of processing the neural responses are no longer driven primarily by the visual stimulus in the receptive field, but by the broader context that stimulus defines—very different from current views about visual signals in FEF.
Neutrophils Are Critical for Myelin Removal in a Peripheral Nerve Injury Model of Wallerian Degeneration
Authors: Lindborg Jane A. , Mack Matthias , Zigmond Richard E.
Published: September 2017

Wallerian degeneration (WD) is considered an essential preparatory stage to the process of axonal regeneration. In the peripheral nervous system, infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages, which use the chemokine receptor CCR2 to gain entry to injured tissues from the bloodstream, are purportedly necessary for efficient WD. However, our laboratory has previously reported that myelin clearance in the injured sciatic nerve proceeds unhindered in theCcr2−/−mouse model. Here, we extensively characterize WD in maleCcr2−/−mice and identify a compensatory mechanism of WD that is facilitated primarily by neutrophils. In response to the loss of CCR2, injuredCcr2−/−sciatic nerves demonstrate prolonged expression of neutrophil chemokines, a concomitant extended increase in the accumulation of neutrophils in the nerve, and elevated phagocytosis by neutrophils. Neutrophil depletion substantially inhibits myelin clearance after nerve injury in both male WT andCcr2−/−mice, highlighting a novel role for these cells in peripheral nerve degeneration that spans genotypes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe accepted view in the basic and clinical neurosciences is that the clearance of axonal and myelin debris after a nerve injury is directed primarily by inflammatory CCR2+macrophages. However, we demonstrate that this clearance is nearly identical in WT andCcr2−/−mice, and that neutrophils replace CCR2+macrophages as the primary phagocytic cell. We find that neutrophils play a major role in myelin clearance not only inCcr2−/−mice but also in WT mice, highlighting their necessity during nerve degeneration in the peripheral nervous system. These degeneration studies may propel improvements in nerve regeneration and draw critical parallels to mechanisms of nerve degeneration and regeneration in the CNS and in the context of peripheral neuropathies.
Reproductive and metabolic features during puberty in sons of women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Crisosto Nicolás , Echiburú Bárbara , Maliqueo Manuel , Luchsinger Marta , Rojas Pedro , Recabarren Sergio , Sir-Petermann Teresa
Published: September 2017

Context

Intrauterine life may be implicated in the origin of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) modifying the endocrine and metabolic functions of children born to PCOS mothers independently of the genetic inheritance and gender. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reproductive and metabolic functions in sons of women with PCOS during puberty.

Methods

Sixty-nine PCOS sons (PCOSs) and 84 control sons of 7–18 years old matched by the Tanner stage score were studied. A complete physical examination was conducted including anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist, hip and body mass index). An oral glucose tolerance test was performed and circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, androstenedione (A4), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and AMH were determined in the fasting sample.

Results

Waist-to-hip ratio, FSH and androstenedione levels were significantly higher in the PCOSs group compared to control boys during the Tanner stage II–III. In Tanner stages II–III and IV–V, PCOSs showed significantly higher total cholesterol and LDL levels. Propensity score analysis showed that higher LDL levels were attributable to the PCOSs condition and not to other metabolic factors. AMH levels were comparable during all stages. The rest of the parameters were comparable between both groups.

Conclusions

Sons of women with PCOS show increased total cholesterol and LDL levels during puberty, which may represent latent insulin resistance. Thus, this is a group that should be followed and studied looking for further features of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk markers. Reproductive markers, on the other hand, are very similar to controls.
E-cadherin and ZEB2 modulate trophoblast cell differentiation during placental development in pigs
Authors: Hong Linjun , Han Kun , Wu Kejia , Liu Ruize , Huang Ji , Lunney Joan K , Zhao Shuhong , Yu Mei
Published: September 2017

It is one of the important events that trophoblast cells within the placental folds differentiate into two types that differ in cell shape during placental development in pigs. This study showed that all the trophoblast cells were of similar shape between Yorkshire and Chinese Meishan pigs on day 26 of gestation; thereafter, the trophoblast cells located at the top of the placental folds became high columnar, while those cells at the base of the placental folds were cuboidal on day 50 of gestation. Additionally, on day 95 of gestation, all the trophoblast cells in Meishan pigs became cuboidal, but the trophoblast cells located at the top of the placental folds in Yorkshire pigs still remained columnar. The membranous E-cadherin and β-catenin were strongly co-expressed by the high columnar trophoblast cells but very weakly expressed by those cuboidal cells. Consistently, the expression pattern of ZEB2, the E-cadherin repressor, was inversely correlated with that of E-cadherin in the two types of trophoblast cells in the two breeds. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated the binding of ZEB2 to the E-cadherin promoter in nuclear extracts from porcine placental tissue. These findings suggest a ZEB2-dependent mechanism of trophoblast cell differentiation during placental development in pigs.
The Role of Blm Helicase in Homologous Recombination, Gene Conversion Tract Length, and Recombination Between Diverged Sequences in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ertl Henry A , Russo Daniel P , Srivastava Noori , Brooks Joseph T , Dao Thu N , LaRocque Jeannine R
Published: September 2017

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a particularly deleterious class of DNA damage that threatens genome integrity. DSBs are repaired by three pathways: nonhomologous-end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), and single-strand annealing (SSA). Drosophila melanogaster Blm (DmBlm) is the ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SGS1 and human BLM, and has been shown to suppress crossovers in mitotic cells and repair mitotic DNA gaps via HR. To further elucidate the role of DmBlm in repair of a simple DSB, and in particular recombination mechanisms, we utilized the Direct Repeat of white (DR-white) and Direct Repeat of white  with mutations (DR-white.mu) repair assays in multiple mutant allele backgrounds. DmBlm null and helicase-dead mutants both demonstrated a decrease in repair by noncrossover HR, and a concurrent increase in non-HR events, possibly including SSA, crossovers, deletions, and NHEJ, although detectable processing of the ends was not significantly impacted. Interestingly, gene conversion tract lengths of HR repair events were substantially shorter in DmBlm null but not helicase-dead mutants, compared to heterozygote controls. Using DR-white.mu, we found that, in contrast to Sgs1, DmBlm is not required for suppression of recombination between diverged sequences. Taken together, our data suggest that DmBlm helicase function plays a role in HR, and the steps that contribute to determining gene conversion tract length are helicase-independent.
A Powerful Variant-Set Association Test Based on Chi-Square Distribution
Authors: Chen Zhongxue , Lin Tong , Wang Kai
Published: September 2017

Detecting the association between a set of variants and a given phenotype has attracted a large amount of attention in the scientific community, although it is a difficult task. Recently, several related statistical approaches have been proposed in the literature; powerful statistical tests are still highly desired and yet to be developed in this area. In this paper, we propose a powerful test that combines information from each individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based on principal component analysis without relying on the eigenvalues associated with the principal components. We compare the proposed approach with some popular tests through a simulation study and real data applications. Our results show that, in general, the new test is more powerful than its competitors considered in this study; the gain in detecting power can be substantial in many situations.
Parasex Generates Phenotypic Diversity de Novo and Impacts Drug Resistance and Virulence in Candida albicans
Authors: Hirakawa Matthew P , Chyou Darius E , Huang Denis , Slan Aaron R , Bennett Richard J
Published: September 2017

Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that is a frequent cause of mucosal and systemic infections in humans. This species exhibits an unusual parasexual cycle in which mating produces tetraploid cells that undergo a nonmeiotic program of concerted chromosome loss to return to a diploid or aneuploid state. In this work, we used a multipronged approach to examine the capacity of parasex to generate diversity in C. albicans. First, we compared the phenotypic properties of 32 genotyped progeny and observed wide-ranging differences in fitness, filamentation, biofilm formation, and virulence. Strikingly, one parasexual isolate displayed increased virulence relative to parental strains using a Galleria mellonella model of infection, establishing that parasex has the potential to enhance pathogenic traits. Next, we examined parasexual progeny derived from homothallic, same-sex mating events, and reveal that parasex can generate diversity de novo from identical parental strains. Finally, we generated pools of parasexual progeny and examined resistance of these pools to environmental stresses. Parasexual progeny were generally less fit than control strains across most test conditions, but showed an increased ability to grow in the presence of the antifungal drug fluconazole (FL). FL-resistant progeny were aneuploid isolates, often being diploid strains trisomic for both Chr3 and Chr6. Passaging of these aneuploid strains frequently led to loss of the supernumerary chromosomes and a concomitant decrease in drug resistance. These experiments establish that parasex generates extensive phenotypic diversity de novo, and that this process has important consequences for both virulence and drug resistance in C. albicans populations.
US Emergency Department Trends in Imaging for Pediatric Nontraumatic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Niles Lauren M. , Goyal Monika K. , Badolato Gia M. , Chamberlain James M. , Cohen Joanna S.
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVES:

To describe national emergency department (ED) trends in computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound imaging for the evaluation of pediatric nontraumatic abdominal pain from 2007 through 2014.

METHODS:

We used data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to measure trends in CT and ultrasound use among children with nontraumatic abdominal pain. We performed multivariable logistic regression to measure the strength of the association of ED type (pediatric versus general ED) with CT and ultrasound use adjusting for potential confounding variables.

RESULTS:

Of an estimated 21.1 million ED visits for nontraumatic abdominal pain, 14.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.2%–16.0%) had CT imaging only, 10.9% (95% CI, 9.7%–12.1%) had ultrasound imaging only, and 1.9% (95% CI, 1.4%–2.4%) received both CT and ultrasound. The overall use of CT and ultrasound did not significantly change over the study period (P trend .63 and .90, respectively). CT use was lower among children treated in pediatric EDs compared with general EDs (adjusted odds ratio 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17–0.69). Conversely, ultrasound use was higher among children treated in pediatric EDs compared with general EDs (adjusted odds ratio 2.14; 95% CI, 1.29–3.55).

CONCLUSIONS:

CT imaging for pediatric patients with nontraumatic abdominal pain has plateaued since 2007 after the steady increase seen in the preceding 9 years. Among this population, an increased likelihood of CT imaging was demonstrated in general EDs compared with pediatric EDs, in which there was a higher likelihood of ultrasound imaging. Dissemination of pediatric-focused radiology protocols to general EDs may help optimize radiation exposure in children.
Aproximaciones Psicosociales a la Corrupción: Una Revisión Teórica
Authors: Julián Roberto Martín , Bonavía Tomás
Published: September 2017

La corrupción es una práctica extendida en las sociedades actuales que, a pesar de su relevancia social, se ha estudiado desde postulados mayoritariamente economicistas. Se revisó y analizó de manera crítica este fenómeno desde distintos aportes de la psicología social, tanto en el ámbito anglófono como latinoamericano. En el primer caso, se destaca la in-fluencia del comportamiento de los iguales y las normas sociales, las percepciones de riesgo, el papel de las emociones, la ética comportamental y la relación de la corrupción con el poder. Por su parte, los modelos latinoamericanos centran su interés en la influencia de las estructuras supraindividuales, como los valores éticos y las instituciones, en la conducta de los individuos. Se propone que la investigación apunte hacia el estudio de los principales factores psicosociales de manera sistemática y hacia la formulación de marcos teóricos específicos que expliquen este fenómeno social.
Penutupan Defek Septum Ventrikel Secara Transtorakalis Minimal Invasif dengan Panduan Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)
Authors: Irwanto Fredi Heru , Puspita Yusni , Yuliansyah Rudy
Published: September 2017

Defek septum ventrikel (ventricular septal defect/VSD) merupakan penyakit jantung bawaan yang paling sering ditemukan pada bayi dan anak. Penutupan defek ini masih memberikan tantangan tersendiri.  Penanganan VSD dengan metode minimally invasive transthoracic merupakan perkembangan inovatif penutupan defek ventrikel. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan memperkenalkan metode terbaru dalam penanganan kasus VSD yang dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Kami melaporkan serial kasus penutupan VSD menggunakan metode minimally invasive transthoracic dengan panduan transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Transesophageal echocardiography digunakan selama prosedur sebagai panduan penempatan alat dan mengevaluasi hasil operasi. Empat pasien pada periode November 2015 menjalani prosedur penutupan defek, dua pasien laki-laki dan dua perempuan, usia 2 tahun sampai 4 tahun dengan berat badan 12–22 kg, dengan  diameter VSD berdasar atas pemeriksaan ekokardiografi 4–7 mm. Penutupan VSD menggunakan metode minimally invasive transthoracic dengan panduan TEE melalui mini sternotomi menunjukkan prosedur yang aman dan efektif. Penggunaan TEE memberikan informasi yang sangat berguna selama periode intraoperatif.Kata kunci: Defek septum ventrikel, minimal invasif, transesophageal echocardiography Minimally Invasive Transthoracic Ventricular Septal Defect Closure Using Transesophageal Echocardiography GuidanceVentricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease found in infants and children. Up until now, management of VSD closure remains as a challenge for clinician. Ventricular septal defect closure with minimally invasive transthoracic method is an innovative development of ventricular defect closure. This case report aims to introduce the method of minimally invasive transthoracic VSD closure, which is the latest method in handling cases of VSD conducted at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. We report a case series VSD closure by the method of minimally invasive transthoracic with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance. Transesophageal echocardiography is used during the procedure as guidance for the placement of the device, and to evaluate the results of operations. Four patients of the period November 2015. Two girls patients and two boys, ages 2 years to 4 years old weighing 12–22 kg, with a diameter of VSD echocardiography examination between 4–7 mm. The closure of VSD using minimally invasive transthoracic under TEE guiding through mini-sternotomy indicate a safe and effective procedure. The use of TEE provides very useful information during the intraoperative period.Key words: Minimally invasive, transesophageal echocardiography, venticular septal defect
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of 282 Pediatric Low- and High-Grade Gliomas Reveals Genomic Drivers, Tumor Mutational Burden, and Hypermutation Signatures
Authors: Johnson Adrienne , Severson Eric , Gay Laurie , Vergilio Jo-Anne , Elvin Julia , Suh James , Daniel Sugganth , Covert Mandy , Frampton Garrett M. , Hsu Sigmund , Lesser Glenn J. , Stogner-Underwood Kimberly , Mott Ryan T. , Rush Sarah Z. , Stanke Jennifer J. , Dahiya Sonika , Sun James , Reddy Prasanth , Chalmers Zachary R. , Erlich Rachel , Chudnovsky Yakov , Fabrizio David , Schrock Alexa B. , Ali Siraj , Miller Vincent , Stephens Philip J. , Ross Jeffrey , Crawford John R. , Ramkissoon Shakti H.
Published: September 2017

Background

Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of death for children with cancer in the U.S. Incorporating next-generation sequencing data for both pediatric low-grade (pLGGs) and high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) can inform diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decision-making.

Materials and Methods

We performed comprehensive genomic profiling on 282 pediatric gliomas (157 pHGGs, 125 pLGGs), sequencing 315 cancer-related genes and calculating the tumor mutational burden (TMB; mutations per megabase [Mb]).

Results

In pLGGs, we detected genomic alterations (GA) in 95.2% (119/125) of tumors. BRAF was most frequently altered (48%; 60/125), and FGFR1 missense (17.6%; 22/125), NF1 loss of function (8.8%; 11/125), and TP53 (5.6%; 7/125) mutations were also detected. Rearrangements were identified in 35% of pLGGs, including KIAA1549-BRAF, QKI-RAF1, FGFR3-TACC3, CEP85L-ROS1, and GOPC-ROS1 fusions. Among pHGGs, GA were identified in 96.8% (152/157). The genes most frequently mutated were TP53 (49%; 77/157), H3F3A (37.6%; 59/157), ATRX (24.2%; 38/157), NF1 (22.2%; 35/157), and PDGFRA (21.7%; 34/157). Interestingly, most H3F3A mutations (81.4%; 35/43) were the variant K28M. Midline tumor analysis revealed H3F3A mutations (40%; 40/100) consisted solely of the K28M variant. Pediatric high-grade gliomas harbored oncogenic EML4-ALK, DGKB-ETV1, ATG7-RAF1, and EWSR1-PATZ1 fusions. Six percent (9/157) of pHGGs were hypermutated (TMB >20 mutations per Mb; range 43–581 mutations per Mb), harboring mutations deleterious for DNA repair in MSH6, MSH2, MLH1, PMS2, POLE, and POLD1 genes (78% of cases).

Conclusion

Comprehensive genomic profiling of pediatric gliomas provides objective data that promote diagnostic accuracy and enhance clinical decision-making. Additionally, TMB could be a biomarker to identify pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.
5'RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA ends) v1
Authors: Behle Anna
Published: September 2017

This protocol can be used for mapping transcriptional start site(s) (TSS) of a specific gene of interest in bacteria. By slightly modifyingthis protocol, whole transcriptome TSS could alsopotentially be mapped.
Effectiveness of laser therapy over topical desensitising agents in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity-A systematic review
Authors: S Dr. Shwetha , V Dr. Chandra Sekhara Reddy , KM Dr. Sudhir
Published: September 2017

AIM: To analyze the available scientific evidence on the effectiveness of laser therapy compared to thetopical desensitizing agents in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.Materials and methods: A broad literature search was performed using both electronic database and handsearch. The databases like COCHRANECENTRAL, MEDLINE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, EBSCO HOST,PROQUEST were used for online data search and hand search was performed in the central library of theinstitute to identify the relevant articles. Articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria with description ofrandomized clinical trials comparing lasers versus topical desensitising agents in the treatment of dentinalhypersensitivity were included. These included studies were subjected to critical analysis following theCochrane Collaboration tool for evaluating the risk of bias.Results: The initial search resulted in 65 articles; however, 31 of these articles were excluded because theywere duplicates and then 20 articles were excluded as they were not clinical trials. After analyzing the fulltext from 24 clinical trials, 17 were excluded because they did not fulfill all the selection criteria. Our finalreview included 7 studies. Of these 7 studies 1 study used Nd:YAG laser system, 4 studies used GaALASlaser, one study used Er:YAG laser and one study used both CO2 and Er:YAG laser. Among the sevenstudies 5 studies reported that the lasers alone or in combination with topical desensitising agents aresuperior over topical desensitising agents used alone. Remaining 2 studies reported that both lasers andtopical desensitising agents were equally effective in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity.Conclusion: With the constraints of limited available literature lasers alone or in combination with topicaldesensitising agents showed promising results than topical desensitising agent alone and this desensitizingefficacy of lasers was immediate and long lasting.Key words: Lasers, laser therapy, topical desensitising agents, effectiveness, dentinal hypersensitivity,systematic review
Analysing Life Cycle Stages of Indian Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) on Four Different Diets
Authors: Onaolapo Akinneye Joseph , Kemisola Olufemi-salami Folasade , Samson Salami, Olufemi
Published: September 2017

The life cycle stages of Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (H) was studied on four different diets:whole maize flour, whole wheat flour, breadfruit flour and a formulated diet, under ambient laboratoryconditions of 28±2oC and 75±5% R.H. The proximate composition of the diets, oviposition, larva instarstages, and the complete developmental duration from egg to adult of the moth were examined on the fourdifferent diets. The result showed that the percentage protein value of the formulated diet was significantlyhigher (14.58) than other diets. The oviposition of the moth on the diets ranges between 1-3 days andabout 70% of the eggs laid were on the first day of oviposition in all the diets. The highest number of eggslaid was observed on moths reared on maize flour. Incubation of eggs examined on the diets ranges from3-4 days. Also, there were variations in the number of larva instar stages in the four diets. The formulateddiet recorded the lowest period of pupation (6.33 days) and the total developmental average period(23.50days). The study clearly showed that the formulated diet is suitable for rearing P. interpunctellaunder laboratory conditions.
Obesity and periodontitis: An experimental study to evaluate periodontal and systemic effects of comorbidity
Authors: Virto Leire , Cano Pilar , Jiménez‐Ortega Vanesa , Fernández‐Mateos Pilar , González Jerián , Esquifino Ana Isabel , Sanz Mariano
Published: September 2017

Background

Obesity and overweight have been associated with periodontitis. This study aims to evaluate periodontal and systemic effects of this association in a validated experimental model.

Methods

Twenty‐eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group (Con) (fed with standard diet); 2) high‐fat diet group (HFD) (fed with a diet containing 35.2% fat); 3) control group with induced periodontitis (Con‐Perio); and 4) HFD group with induced periodontitis (HFD‐Perio). To induce periodontitis, oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC W83K1 and Fusobacterium nucleatum DMSZ 20482 were used. Periodontal outcomes were evaluated by inflammatory parameters, periodontal probing depth (PD), and modified gingival index (MGI). Systemic effects were evaluated by measuring levels of inflammatory cytokines, insulin, adiponectin, and leptin using multiplex immunoassays and levels of visfatin, resistin, lipid profiles, transaminases, and plasma endotoxin using colorimetric tests and the glucose tolerance test.

Results

Clinical parameters (PD and MGI) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the induced periodontitis groups compared with controls. The HFD‐Perio group demonstrated significantly higher PD compared with Con‐Perio group. Lipid profiles, cytokines, and adipocytokines showed significantly elevated levels in the HFD‐Perio group compared with the other groups. Similarly, glucose levels in the HFD‐Perio group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the HFD group, and hepatic damage parameters demonstrated a tendency toward higher levels in the HFD‐Perio group.

Conclusion

Obesity and periodontitis demonstrated a comorbidity effect on both systemic inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation biomarkers, with increased glucose, dyslipidemia and hepatic damage.
A new contribution to the fixed point theory in b-generalized metric spaces
Authors: Soliman Ahmed H. , Ahmed M. A. , Zidan A. M.
Published: September 2017

In this work, we introduce a new generalized metric space called b-generalized metric spaces (shortly, b-G.M.S). Also, we establish some fixed point results for a contraction of rational type in b-G.M.S. Some interesting examples are also given.
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Authors: Ali Burhan
Published: September 2017

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Teacher Performance: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Abusama Muhammad , Haming Murdifin , Latief Baharuddin , Arfah Ariyati
Published: September 2017

This study aims to examine and analyze empirically the effect of work motivation, competence and Islamic leadership on job satisfaction and teacher performance. The research was conducted on all teachers at vocational high school (SMK) in South Halmahera district with a sample of 154 teachers as respondents. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed by Structural Equation Models with the AMOS program Ver.20. The results of the study provide evidence of work motivation and no significant negative effect on job satisfaction. High teacher competences give real effect to increase job satisfaction. Islamic Leadership is either not able to provide a significant effect on job satisfaction. High motivation and demonstrated by teachers today significant effect on teachers performance. High competency has a positive influence but not real on teacher performance. Islamic Leadership is good and indicated by the head of school at this time have a positive and significant effect on teachers performance. The low of job satisfaction demonstrated has a negative and significant effect on teacher performance. The effect of Islamic leadership and work motivation through job satisfaction on performance teachers is positive but not significant. On the other hand the effect of competence through job satisfaction on teacher’s performance has a negative and significant effect.
Pembandingan Efisiensi Pemasaran Bawang Merah Konsumsi dan Benih di Kabupaten Brebes, Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Rasoki Timbul , Fariyanti Anna , Rifin Amzul
Published: September 2017

English
Demand for shallot, used for consumption and seed, tends to increase. However, there are some problems of discontinuity and price fluctuation in its marketing. This research aims to analyze the supply chain of consumption and seed shallot, particularly in Brebes Regency. The research was conducted in the period of April–December 2015 using primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through interviews using a questionnaire from 30 farmers based on purposive sampling and 18 traders using a snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed descriptively using a supply chain approach. The results showed that supply chain of shallot for seed was managed better than thatfor consumption purposes. This situation is in line with marketing efficiency. The market of shallot for seed is more efficient than that for consumption indicated by marketing margin and farmer’s share. It is necessary that the government improvesshallot supply chain management particularly for certified high-quality shallot seed provision at affordable price.

Indonesian
Permintaan bawang merah baik untuk konsumsi maupun benih cenderung meningkat. Namun demikian masih terdapat kendala diskontinuitas serta fluktuasi harga dalam pemasarannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rantai pasok bawang merah untuk konsumsi dan benih, khususnya di Kabupaten Brebes, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April–Desember 2015 menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner secara langsung dengan responden sebanyak 30 orang petani bawang merah yang dipilih secara purposive sampling serta pedagang bawang merah sebanyak 18 orang dengan metode snowball sampling. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan rantai pasok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rantai pasok bawang merah untuk benih lebih terkelola daripada rantai pasok bawang merah untuk konsumsi. Pasar bawang merah untuk benih lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan pasar bawang merah untuk konsumsi,yang tercermin dari indikator margin pemasaran dan farmer’s share. Diperlukan kebijakan perbaikan manajemen rantai pasokan bawang merah yang berorientasi pada penyediaan benih bermutu/bersertifikat dengan harga yang terjangkau petani.
ANALISIS PENILAIAN ANGKA KREDIT PUSTAKAWAN LINGKUP KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN
Authors: Andriaty Etty , Artati Dyah , Juariah Juju
Published: September 2017

Pemahaman terhadap butir-butir kegiatan yang diatur dalam SK Menpan No. 132 Tahun 2002 maupun Peraturan Menpan dan RB No. 9 Tahun 2014 masih belum merata untuk setiap pustakawan. Hal ini mengakibatkan terjadinya perbedaan nilai angka kredit antara yang diajukan pustakawan dalam DUPAK dengan hasil penilaian Tim Penilai. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran pustakawan, perbedaan nilai angka kredit yang diajukan pustakawan dengan hasil penilaian Tim Penilai, dan masalah yang menyebabkan perbedaan nilai angka kredit tersebut. Pengkajian deskriptif dilakukan terhadap DUPAK di Sekretariat Tim Penilai Jabatan Fungsional Pustakawan Kementerian Pertanian tahun 2012-2016. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran pustakawan di lingkup Kementerian Pertanian belum merata, bahkan terdapat UK/UPT yang belum memiliki pustakawan. Pustakawan cenderung untuk melaporkan butir kegiatan yang nilainya besar. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari jumlah DUPAK untuk penelusuran informasi untuk bahan bacaan (117 orang), penyebaran informasi terseleksi (112 orang), dan menjadi pemandu pameran (26 orang). Kegiatan dengan nilai rata-rata angka kredit tertinggi adalah katalogisasi, membuat karya tulis populer yang diterbitkan di media massa, dan membuat karya tulis yang disampaikan pada pertemuan/diklat, dengan nilai masing-masing 34,458; 4,000; dan 8,450. Sebaliknya, kegiatan membuat karya saduran/terjemahan pada subunsur pengembangan profesi merupakan kegiatan yang mempunyai nilai Rata-rata angka kredit yang yang ditolak tertinggi  (93%). Perbedaan hasil penilaian (PAK) dengan DUPAK yang diajukan antara lain karena bukti fisik tidak terpenuhi, bukti fisik tidak sesuai, dan angka kredit melebihi ketentuan.
Projection of hydro-climatological changes over eastern Himalayan catchment by the evaluation of RegCM4 RCM and CMIP5 GCM models
Authors: Singh Vishal , Sharma Ashutosh , Goyal Manish Kumar
Published: September 2017

Here, a regional climate model (RCM) RegCM4 and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) such as Coupled Physical Model (CM3), Coupled Climate Model phase 1 (CM2P1) and Earth System Model (ESM-2M) with their representative concentration pathway (RCP) datasets were utilized in projecting hydro-climatological variables such as precipitation, temperature, and streamflow in Teesta River basin in north Sikkim, eastern Himalaya, India. For downscaling, a ‘predictor selection analysis’ was performed utilizing a statistical downscaling model. The precision and applicability of RCM and GCM datasets were assessed using several statistical evaluation functions. The downscaled temperature and precipitation datasets were used in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for projecting the water yield and streamflow. A Sequential Uncertainty Parameter Fitting 2 optimization algorithm was used for optimizing the coefficient parameter values. The Mann–Kendall test results showed increasing trend in projected temperature and precipitation for future time. A significant increase in minimum temperature was found for the projected scenarios. The SWAT model-based projected outcomes showed a substantial increase in the streamflow and water yield. The results provide an understanding about the hydro-climatological data uncertainties and future changes associated with hydrological components that could be expected because of climate change.
Carreira num call center: a realidade portuguesa
Authors: Ramos Maria da Conceição Pereira , Afonso Ana de Fátima Rodrigues
Published: September 2017

Atualmente, muitos jovens adultos com bastantes qualificações são excluídos do mercado de trabalho por este não estar adaptado às suas qualificações (BONO, 2000). O mercado dos call centers tem ocupado uma posição de destaque na geração de novos postos de trabalho (SILVA, 2006), onde muitos dos jovens que lá ingressam esperam que seja temporário, de passagem, enquanto não encontram um trabalho melhor (LOUÇÃ, 2012). No entanto, o temporário torna-se, por vezes, longo, devido às restrições atuais do mercado de trabalho, levando os trabalhadores a permanecer, contrato após contrato, adaptando-se como podem aos ritmos e exigências da profissão, e suportando a desvalorização social e o estigma sobre o trabalho que realizam e, assim, seguindo carreira (LOUÇÃ, 2012; ROQUE, 2013). Deste modo, surge o interesse de refletir acerca dos motivos que levam esses trabalhadores a desenvolver carreira num call center.
A relação entre escola e trabalho: a realidade social na perspectiva de crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Peralta Tania Paula , Oliveira Francismara Neves de
Published: September 2017

Na Epistemologia Genética, construir noções sociais é processo de relação entre experiências vivenciadas e construções cognitivas. O estudo de caso descritivo, de perspectiva qualitativa, objetivou analisar ideias de crianças e adolescentes acerca da relação entre as noções sociais de escola e trabalho. Participaram 12 alunos, desde as séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental até o Ensino Médio, de escola pública em um município paranaense. Os procedimentos de entrevista foram apoiados no método clínico-crítico piagetiano com uso de fotografias representativas de escola e trabalho. Considerou-se para análise, os níveis de compreensão da realidade social: predomínio dos aspectos explícitos; início da compreensão de conflitos entre diferentes posições e pensamento crítico da ordem social. Os resultados indicaram que a relação entre escola e trabalho é construção gradativa e, no caso do estudo realizado, não foi encontrado o nível III de compreensão social, mesmo nos participantes que frequentavam o Ensino Médio.
Ambiente escolar e o Ideb em municípios do Pará, Rio Grande do Norte e Minas Gerais
Authors: Reis Antônio Cláudio Andrade dos , França Magna , Costa Antônio Cláudio Moreira
Published: September 2017

O estudo trata da dimensão Infraestrutura e Recursos Pedagógicos, constante do Plano de Ações Articuladas do período 2007-2011, especificamente, do ambiente escolar e da correlação com o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica – Ideb, em 15 redes municipais de ensino dos estados do Pará, Rio Grande do Norte e Minas Gerais, participantes de um projeto em rede do Observatório da Educação do Ministério da Educação. Os dados extraídos dos microdados do censo escolar identificam as condições de infraestrutura e as conexões existentes entre o Ideb para o ensino fundamental e os resultados do Índice de Adequação do Ambiente Escolar. Os dois primeiros estados apresentam melhorias pontuais nas condições de infraestrutura e o alcance do Ideb e o terceiro condições satisfatórias. Entretanto, é necessário observar o dado além da dimensão estrutural bem como implementar políticas educacionais em face das condições efetivas de ações que visem promover melhorias no ambiente escolar.
Regulamento para Inspeção Médico-Escolar no Rio Grande do Norte (1923)
Authors: Araujo Marta Maria
Published: September 2017

No governo de Antonio José de Mello e Souza e de Augusto Leopoldo Raposo da Camara no Rio Grande do Norte (1920-1923), a expansão da educação escolar primária, bem como o desenvolvimento da educação sanitária de alunos e professores mereceram a atenção das autoridades educacionais e médicas do Estado. No ano de 1923, o Diretor da Instrução Pública junto aos médicos da Diretoria-Geral de Higiene, com base nos preceitos teóricos e conhecimentos da pedagogia nova e da pedagogia científica, criaram o Serviço de Inspeção médico-Escolar orientado pelo Regulamento para Inspeção Médico-Escolar no Rio Grande do Norte (1923), visando ao cumprimento do artigo 204 da Lei nº 405, de 29 de novembro de 1916. Considerando a relevância desse Regulamento de 1923 para a História da Educação do Rio Grande do Norte e do Brasil, é que se publica nesta Seção de Documento.
Role of Vajraka Taila in the management of Vrana
Authors: Singh Ranjit , Priya Upasana , Purvya Mahesh Chand
Published: September 2017

In today’s busy and fast life more people are living with conditions that increase their susceptibility to traumatic wounds, due to one or the other cause; thereby taking a heavy toll of life. As per Ayurveda, these type of wounds, which are caused by extrinsic factors are known as Sadyovrana. The major aspect of the management of the traumatic wounds is prevention of the infection, speedy healing, reducing pain, discharge and less discoloration after healing. In Ayurveda, various formulations for debridement are mentioned such as Kwaatha, Kalka, Churna, Rasakriya, Varti, Taila and Ghrita depending on the Avastha of Vrana. In the present study use of Vajraka Taila for external application, has been chosen. Total 30 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and the treatment was given for 15 days. The study showed that Vajraka Taila is very effective in Vrana.
A Comparative Study of Amalaki Choorna along with Madhu and Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana in the Management of Shweta Pradara
Authors: Tenahalli Renuka M.
Published: September 2017

Shweta Pradara (Leucorrhoea) is the disease which is characterized by vaginal white discharge. Vaginal white discharge this symptom is present in both physiological and pathological condition, when it becomes pathological it disturbs routine life style of the woman. Most of the women in the early stage will not express the symptoms because of hesitation and their busy schedule. If it is not treated it may leads to chronic diseases like PID (Garbhashaya Shotha etc.) Charaka mentioned Amalaki Choorna along with Madhu and Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana. This treatment is used in Shweta Pradara shown positive results, hence a study was under taken to assess its clinical efficacy. 30 diagnosed patients of Shweta Pradara were randomly selected, allocated in three groups. Group A and Group B received Amalaki Choorna with Madhu and Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana respectively and Group C received Amalaki Choorna with Madhu followed by Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana for 15 days. The patients were assessed for the severity of the symptoms subjectively and objectively before and after the treatment and at the end of the follow up. Data from each group were statistically analyzed and were compared. No side effects were noted and it may be considered as an effective alternative medicine in Shweta Pradara (leucorrhea). Amalaki is rich in natural source of vitamin C and contains phosphorus, iron and calcium. Honey contains carbohydrate, vitamin C, phosphorus iron and calcium. All together these help to increase Hb% and immunity. Vata Twak Kashaya contains tannin which helps to maintain normal pH of the vagina.