bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating community’s knowledge on integrated malaria, schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections in a Lake Victoria island, Kenya: A mixed method approach
Authors: Gitaka Jesse , Mwaura Peter , Oware Kevin , Kongere James , Wasonga Job , Matendechero Sultani
Published: February 2019

Background: The burden of malaria, schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthes (STH) in the islands of Lake Victoria, Kenya, poses a considerable public health challenge. Although many studies have been conducted on the co-infection arising from these parasites, few have evaluated communities’ knowledge of the same. Increasing the level of knowledge about a disease or preventive chemotherapy is important, but efforts need to be focused on community perception and understanding of the problem so as to encourage engagement with the proposed control measures. This study aimed at understanding a community’s knowledge of malaria, schistosomiasis and STH in Lake Victoria island where an integrated preventive chemotherapy intervention was implemented.

Methods: This study was conducted in Ngodhe Island in Lake Victoria in Homa Bay County, western Kenya region between April and May 2016. The study adopted a mixed method approach where both qualitative and quantitative data collection was performed concurrently. 

Results: A total of 239 people participated in this study. All the respondents reported that they had heard about malaria, 89.1% had heard about schistosomiasis while 87.4% had heard about STH. The majority of the respondents (93.3%) drew their drinking water directly from the lake and 80.3% reported bathing in the lake. Out of all the respondents, 96.2% knew about the ongoing preventive chemotherapy. Most respondents (94.1%) said they would participate in a preventive chemotherapy again, while 0.4% was not sure. The majority of the respondents (86.6%) reported that integrated strategy is the most effective approach to control the three infections in the Island.

Conclusion: The findings show a very high knowledge about these diseases. Although this study found majority of the respondents are aware of the co-infection of malaria, schistosomiasis and STH, their behaviors such as bathing in the lake exacerbates the problem.
Behavioral response of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to volatiles of Apicure®, a plant-based extract
Authors: Komen Ednah , Murungi Lucy K. , Irungu Janet
Published: February 2019

Background: The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida is an invasive pest of the honey bee. Although no previous methods have led to its successful management, yeast inoculated pollen baited-traps have showed promise as quick monitoring tools. In this study, we evaluated the role of olfaction in SHB response to Apicure®, an essential oil-based biopesticide that has shown potential for the management of honey bee pests and diseases.

Methods: Volatiles from Apicure® were collected using super Q adsorbent traps. Subsequent analysis was done using Gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) to ascertain the components of Apicure®. The selectivity and sensitivity of antennal receptors of A. tumida adults to the volatile compounds were determined using behavioral assays and Gas Chromatography-Electroantennodetection (GC-EAD).

Results: GC-MS analysis showed that Apicure® consists of 40 compounds. GC-EAD analysis isolated 11 compounds that elicited antennal response with the SHB. Of these, linalool, camphor, geraniol and α-terpineol were confirmed to be strongly repellant, while limonene was attractive to SHB in dual-choice olfactometer assays.

Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the major components in Apicure® are mainly repellants thus prospective in disrupting the host recognition by the SHB. The product therefore can be up-scaled for the management of SHB.
Processes and apparatus of textile technologies in examples, laboratory works and tests
Authors: Кошелева Мария , Kosheleva Mariya
Published: February 2019

Regularities of flow and instrumentation of the main thermal and mass transfer processes of chemical technology for finishing textile materials are considered, primarily energy-intensive and resource-intensive drying and extraction processes, and accompanying processes, modern methods of increasing their efficiency.
Examples of calculations for individual homework assignments, laboratory work, tasks in a test form for monitoring and self-control of students learning the material, a business game scenario are given.
Psychiatric disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Rodriguez-Paris Daniel , Remlinger-Molenda Agnieszka , Kurzawa Rafał , Głowińska Aleksandra , Spaczyński Robert , Rybakowski Filip , Pawełczyk Leszek , Banaszewska Beata
Published: February 2019

Zespół policystycznych jajników (PCOS) jest najczęściej rozpoznawaną endokrynopatią w okresie rozrodczym i dotyczy 5-8% kobiet w tym wieku. Charakteryzuje się hiperandrogenizmem, zaburzeniami miesiączkowania o typie rzadkich miesiączek lub ich braku oraz obrazem jajników policystycznych w ultrasonografii. Etiologia zespołu policystycznych jajników nadal nie jest do końca wyjaśniona. Istnieje wiele teorii patogenetycznych, które prawdopodobnie nawzajem się uzupełniają. Najbardziej poznana hipoteza zakłada, że do rozwoju PCOS dochodzi na skutek insulinooporności i hiperinsulinemii, które doprowadzają do hiperandrogenizmu. Na podstawie ciągle jeszcze niewielu badań można stwierdzić częstsze występowanie różnych zaburzeń psychicznych u kobiet z PCOS, należą do nich: zaburzenia depresyjne, uogólnione zaburzenia lękowe, zaburzenia osobowości, fobia społeczna, zaburzenia obsesyjno – kompulsyjne, zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi (ADHD) oraz zaburzenia odżywiania. Stwierdzono również częstsze występowanie choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej, schizofrenii i innych zaburzeń psychotycznych u kobiet z PCOS. Większa częstość występowania zaburzeń psychicznych u pacjentek z PCOS, zwłaszcza depresji i zaburzeń lękowych, może wynikać zarówno z samego hiperandrogenizmu, jak i z objawów somatycznych będących jego konsekwencją. Objawy te niewątpliwie mogą być dla kobiet stygmatyzujące i obniżać ich jakość życia. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu przedstawienie przeglądu piśmiennictwa na temat zaburzeń psychicznych u kobiet z PCOS oraz badań własnych na temat depresji i zaburzeń seksualnych u kobiet z PCOS.
Information Sale and Competition
Authors: Bimpikis Kostas , Crapis Davide , Tahbaz-Salehi Alireza
Published: February 2019

This paper studies the strategic interaction between a monopolistic seller of an information product and a set of potential buyers that compete in a downstream market. The setting is motivated by information markets in which (i) sellers have the ability to offer information products of different qualities and (ii) the information product provides potential buyers not only with more precise information about the fundamentals, but also with a coordination device that can be used in their strategic interactions with their competitors. Our results illustrate that the nature and intensity of competition among the information provider’s customers play first-order roles in determining the information provider’s optimal strategy. We show that when the customers view their actions as strategic complements, the provider finds it optimal to offer the most accurate information at the provider’s disposal to all potential customers. In contrast, when buyers view their actions as strategic substitutes, the provider maximizes the provider’s profits by either (i) restricting the overall supply of the information product or (ii) distorting its content by offering a product of inferior quality. We also establish that the provider’s incentive to restrict the supply or quality of information provided to the downstream market intensifies in the presence of information leakage.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3068 .

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Communication and Group Work in the Multicultural Classroom: Immigrant Students’ Experiences
Authors: Benediktsson Artem Ingmar , Ragnarsdottir Hanna
Published: February 2019

The paper is part of the qualitative research project Educational Aspirations, Opportunities and Challenges for Immigrants in University Education in Iceland, conducted in Iceland’s three biggest universities. The main goal of the paper is to investigate immigrant students’ experiences of communication with teachers during the learning process and their perspectives on multicultural group work. Furthermore, the paper explores immigrant students’ experiences of learner-centred approach and culturally responsive teaching methods applied by some teachers. The data was collected through focus group interviews and qualitative, semi-structured individual interviews with immigrant students. The theoretical framework is mainly based on the constructivist theory, which emphasises the importance of communication and the learner-centred approach. Additionally, the theoretical framework includes multicultural education theory, which puts an emphasis on applying culturally responsive teaching methods in classrooms with diverse student populations. The analysis of the interviews revealed that the participants’ experiences of communication with teachers and peers were mostly positive. However, culturally responsive teaching is still a rare phenomenon in Icelandic universities. When it comes to the participants’ perspectives on group work, the experiences ranged from being highly positive to negative.
IMPACTOS DO E-LEARNING EM UM PROGRAMA DE EDUCAÇÃO CORPORATIVA
Authors: Silva Sheldon William , Fonseca Leticia Rodrigues da Fonseca , Silva Marcelo Ribeiro da Silva , Portugal Júnior Pedro dos Santos , Piurcosky Fabrício Pelloso
Published: February 2019

Pesquisas recentes salientam o aumento do número de empresas que empreendem programas de treinamento e desenvolvimento de pessoas amparados por recursos tecnológicos. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar a utilização do e-learning como programa de educação corporativa adotado por uma instituição bancária de grande porte, a partir da percepção do gestor dessa ferramenta. A pesquisa parte da discussão a respeito dos programas virtuais de educação corporativa que utilizam o e-learning para garantir a disponibilidade e acessibilidade de conteúdo aos seus usuários. Realizou-se um estudo de caso em uma instituição bancária brasileira de grande porte que utiliza programas de educação corporativa à distância baseados em e-learning. Constatou-se que apesar das limitações de infraestrutura tecnológica existentes em diferentes partes do país, a adoção do e-learning configura-se como estratégia essencial para garantir a disponibilidade e acessibilidade dos programas de educação corporativa aos seus funcionários, confirmando as hipóteses de pesquisa e a literatura referenciada.
Carne Fraca e Marca Forte: um Estudo sobre o Impacto do Marketing Boca a Boca no Consumo de Marcas de Carnes e Embutidos
Authors: Richarde Ana Paula Merenda , Silva Gabriela Cerconviz , Kaetsu Suzie Terci
Published: February 2019

A operação Carne Fraca ocasionou boatos e comentários - a respeito da presença de papelão na carne, carnes estragadas misturadas nos embutidos, entre ouros - que provocaram queda nas vendas e exportações brasileiras no período da operação. Este estudo objetivou identificar os impactos dos comentários ou boatos no consumo de carnes e embutidos das marcas envolvidas na operação Carne Fraca, deflagrada em 2017 pela polícia federal brasileira. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa descritiva contou com levantamento de dados primários através da aplicação de um questionário junto a consumidores de carnes e embutidos, além de dados secundários. Os resultados indicaram consumidores bem informados, que tendem a acreditar em boatos, que fazem confusão entre marcas e boatos envolvidos, mas que na maioria dos casos não deixou de consumir os produtos nem as marcas investigadas durante a operação.
Why a new medical journal?
Authors: Saifuddin Abdul Bari
Published: February 2019

[no abstract available]
The effect of storage of blood specimens on erythrocyte transketolase activity and thiamine pyrophosphate effect

Authors: Musram Wilmar , Setiadi Evi
Published: February 2019

[no abstract available]
The effect of aromatic nitro compound on the growth of mycosis-causing fungi
Authors: Aulung Agus , Sulaeman Jandi R.
Published: February 2019

[no abstract available]
Improving knowledge, attitude, and practice of the community in the field of parasitology
Authors: Margono Sri S.
Published: February 2019

[no abstract available]
Accidental overdosing with diphenhydramine after topical application of an antipruritic lotion
Authors: Hie Oen Liang
Published: February 2019

[no abstract available]
Access to Scholarly Publications through Consortium in Sri Lanka A Case Study
Authors: Wijetunge Pradeepa
Published: February 2019

This paper illustrates the complicated process of formulating a library consortium in Sri Lanka, and the process of preliminary activities, selection of databases, awareness raising and training and the later developments are presented as a case study, using appropriate Tables, Figures and textual discussions. Insights are provided to the factors that contributed to the slow but steady establishment and development including the support of the top management of the University Grants Commission, participation of as many academics as possible and the collaborative nature of the implementation process. This is the first ever paper written on the formulation of the Sri Lankan consortium and the publishing will help many researchers to gain firsthand information about its beginnings. Also, the library leaders from other countries where the socio-economic and attitudinal conditions are similar can use the lessons learnt from this initiative for their benefit.
Affect and its Assessment in Personnel Selection
Authors: Misra Nishi , Ghanekar Apoorva , Gupta Arunima
Published: February 2019

A sizable amount of literature supports the impact of positive and negative affectivity on organisational effectiveness. Higher positive affectivity is associated with experiencing a preponderance of positive feeling states, while higher levels of negative affectivity are associated with negative feelings. Right person for the right job can be selected if employers consider these emotional dispositions during the selection process. The present study was undertaken with aims to develop a Word Association Test with objective scoring system for assessment of positive and negative affect. A comprehensive list of 120 negative, positive, and neutral words each was prepared after consulting affective lexical resources. Ratings were taken from five SMEs on valence, control and intensity of each word. Two lists of 60 words each were prepared for data collection on 410 male subjects aged 16-18 years. Unanswered or incomprehensible words were deleted, and 45 words were retained. Responses were categorised into positive, negative, neutral categories, and computation of the total number of positive, negative and neutral responses was carried out and objective scoring scheme was prepared. Inter-rater reliability was found to range between 0.46 to 0.85. The concurrent validity was determined against PANAS (-0.273**), and E and N scales of NEO-PI-R (0.20**)
Estimation of Stature from Different Anthropometric Measurements of Gorkha Soldiers
Authors: Singh Inderjeet , Varte Lalhmunlien Robert , Rawat Shweta
Published: February 2019

Stature is one of the most important elements in the identification of a person. Many different anthropometric dimensions can be used in the estimation of stature. Establishing the identity of an individual from body fragments has become an important necessity in recent times due to natural and man-made disasters. This study was performed on 226 Gurung soldiers of Gorkha regiment of Indian Army. The studied soldier’s age range was 18 years - 48 years. Six anthropometric measurements (Stature, Hand length, Arm length, Standing knee height, Foot length and Leg length) were measured and stature is estimated with the help of these measurements.There was no significant difference between actual and estimated stature. All anthropometric measurements were highly correlated with stature at significance level p< 0.001 but leg length had better correlation (r=0.816) compared to other variables. Staturecan be estimated with the help of standing knee height (r=0.686, p<0.001) and arm length (r=0.653, p<0.001). It can be concluded that leg length was a very good predictor of stature estimation for the studied population.
Mitigation of Blast Induced Acceleration using open cell natural rubber and Synthetic Foam
Authors: Sandhu Inderpal Singh , Thangadurai Murugan , Alegaonkar Prashant S , Saroha D.R.
Published: February 2019

In addition to high pressure generated by explosion, the induced high acceleration can also cause severe injuries to occupants and structural damage, especially in anti-vehicular land mine blast scenario. This problem has not been studied well and only few techniques to reduce the deadly effect of high acceleration are reported in literature. In the present work, the mitigation of blast induced acceleration using add-on layers of open cell natural rubber and synthetic foam on rigidly fixed composite plate has been studied experimentally under increasing blast wave strengths. The blast wave strength was varied by increasing quantity of plastic explosive from 0.150 kg to 0.550 kg. The induced vibration in the composite plate due to impingement of blast wave was measured in terms of acceleration using piezoelectric accelerometer. It was observed that the sharp rising acceleration signals were transformed into a slowly rising and low amplitude signals with the addition of foam. The mitigation of high frequencies and amplitude of acceleration signals was also verified with the fast Fourier transform study. The rubber foam shows better acceleration mitigation than synthetic foam. This study has suggested that the material like rubber and synthetic foam can be used for mitigating the acceleration resulting from the impact of blast wave.
Particle Swarm Optimisation of Hole Quality Characteristics in Laser Trepan Drilling of Inconel 718
Authors: Dhaker Kedari Lal , Pandey Arun Kumar
Published: February 2019

Inconel-718 is a nickel based super alloy and is extensively in use for working at very high temperature (upto 2000 °C) such as aero engine gas path equipment, nuclear equipment etc. Drilling micro size hole in such material with laser beam has been a proven choice and laser drilling process produces geometrically and dimensionally improved hole. Hole geometrical features can be improved further if laser drilling system operated at optimal input parameter setting. This paper experimentally investigates the behavior of hole geometrical features hole circularity and hole taper in laser trepan drilling of Inconel -718 sheet. Optimal value of laser input parameters for improved hole circularity and reduced hole taper have been suggested with the help of computational intelligence technique particle swarm optimisation. The effect of each laser input parameter on hole quality characteristics are also discussed and demonstrated graphically. Finally the experimental validation of the predicted results has been carried out.
Knitting comes of age: the development of a scientific approach to the study of knitwork
Authors: Malcolm-Davies Jane
Published: February 2019

Knitting has received scant attention in the scientific study of textiles despite its continued popularity as a handicraft. As a result, relatively little is published about the evidence for early knitting. It is frequently the victim of mistaken identity: items made by needle binding are often described as knitted; and many more items which are knitted remain unidentified as such. A draft protocol inspired by the Centre International d’Étude des Textiles Anciens’ system for the analysis of woven textiles has been developed as part of a project to investigate Knitting in Early Modern Europe (KEME). A lack of unambiguous terminology was also identified as a challenge to the scholarly scrutiny of knitting’s origins. The evolution of a protocol and terminology and their application to a collection of knitted caps from the sixteenth century (now published online) is reported here.
SISTEM INFORMASI VISITASI AKREDITASI PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA
Authors: Laelaningrum Rully Indra , Islamiati Yulia , Raharjo Parsumo , Mardiyono Mardiyono
Published: February 2019

Permasalahan yang sering terjadi saat proses visitasi akreditasi adalah pencarian dokumen dalam bentuk hardcopy yang akan ditunjukkan kepada asesor cukup menyita waktu. Masalah selanjutnya adalah proses penilaian asesor internal dari program studi terbentuk secara terpisah. Ini tidak memungkinkan program studi untuk segera melihat rekapitulasi nilai yang telah diisi oleh asesor internal. Tujuan dari penulisan penelitian ini adalah membangun Sistem Informasi Akreditasi Program Studi Teknik Informatika. Sistem ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metode Waterfall dimana setiap langkah penelitian dilakukan secara berurutan mulai dari tahap analisis, perancangan sistem, penulisan kode program, pengujian sistem dan pemeliharaan sistem. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode black box yang menguji fungsi masing-masing fitur dan pengujian kepuasan pengguna menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi telah berhasil berjalan pada 3 browser yang berbeda dengan tingkat kepuasan pengguna sebesar 83.27% dari 11 responden yang berarti pengguna sangat puas dengan fungsi dan fitur sistem ini
What Makes Eye Contact Special? Neural Substrates of On-Line Mutual Eye-Gaze: A Hyperscanning fMRI Study
Authors: Koike Takahiko , Sumiya Motofumi , Nakagawa Eri , Okazaki Shuntaro , Sadato Norihiro
Published: February 2019

Automatic mimicry is a critical element of social interaction. A salient type of automatic mimicry is eye contact characterized by sharing of affective and mental states among individuals. We conducted a hyperscanning functional magnetic resonance imaging study involving on-line (LIVE) and delayed off-line (REPLAY) conditions to test our hypothesis that recurrent interaction through eye contact activates the limbic mirror system, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insular cortex (AIC), both of which are critical for self-awareness. Sixteen pairs of human adults participated in the experiment. Given that an eye-blink represents an individual’s attentional window toward the partner, we analyzed pairwise time-series data for eye-blinks. We used multivariate autoregression analysis to calculate the noise contribution ratio (NCR) as an index of how a participant’s directional attention was influenced by that of their partner. NCR was greater in the LIVE than in the REPLAY condition, indicating mutual perceptual–motor interaction during real-time eye contact. Relative to the REPLAY condition, the LIVE condition was associated with greater activation in the left cerebellar hemisphere, vermis, and ACC, accompanied by enhanced functional connectivity between ACC and right AIC. Given the roles of the cerebellum in sensorimotor prediction and ACC in movement initiation, ACC–cerebellar activation may represent their involvement in modulating visual input related to the partner’s movement, which may, in turn, involve the limbic mirror system. Our findings indicate that mutual interaction during eye contact is mediated by the cerebellum and limbic mirror system.
A Neuron-Optimized CRISPR/dCas9 Activation System for Robust and Specific Gene Regulation
Authors: Savell Katherine E. , Bach Svitlana V. , Zipperly Morgan E. , Revanna Jasmin S. , Goska Nicholas A. , Tuscher Jennifer J. , Duke Corey G. , Sultan Faraz A. , Burke Julia N. , Williams Derek , Ianov Lara , Day Jeremy J.
Published: February 2019

CRISPR-based technology has provided new avenues to interrogate gene function, but difficulties in transgene expression in post-mitotic neurons has delayed incorporation of these tools in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient, neuron-optimized dual lentiviral CRISPR-based transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) system capable of robust, modular, and tunable gene induction and multiplexed gene regulation across several primary rodent neuron culture systems. CRISPRa targeting unique promoters in the complex multi-transcript gene brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) revealed both transcript- and genome-level selectivity of this approach, in addition to highlighting downstream transcriptional and physiological consequences ofBdnfregulation. Finally, we illustrate that CRISPRa is highly efficientin vivo, resulting in increased protein levels of a target gene in diverse brain structures. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CRISPRa is an efficient and selective method to study gene expression programs in brain health and disease.
Cortical Correlates of Attention to Auditory Features
Authors: Allen Emily J. , Burton Philip C. , Mesik Juraj , Olman Cheryl A. , Oxenham Andrew J.
Published: February 2019

Pitch and timbre are two primary features of auditory perception that are generally considered independent. However, an increase in pitch (produced by a change in fundamental frequency) can be confused with an increase in brightness (an attribute of timbre related to spectral centroid) and vice versa. Previous work indicates that pitch and timbre are processed in overlapping regions of the auditory cortex, but are separable to some extent via multivoxel pattern analysis. Here, we tested whether attention to one or other feature increases the spatial separation of their cortical representations and if attention can enhance the cortical representation of these features in the absence of any physical change in the stimulus. Ten human subjects (four female, six male) listened to pairs of tone triplets varying in pitch, timbre, or both and judged which tone triplet had the higher pitch or brighter timbre. Variations in each feature engaged common auditory regions with no clear distinctions at a univariate level. Attending to one did not improve the separability of the neural representations of pitch and timbre at the univariate level. At the multivariate level, the classifier performed above chance in distinguishing between conditions in which pitch or timbre was discriminated. The results confirm that the computations underlying pitch and timbre perception are subserved by strongly overlapping cortical regions, but reveal that attention to one or other feature leads to distinguishable activation patterns even in the absence of physical differences in the stimuli.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough pitch and timbre are generally thought of as independent auditory features of a sound, pitch height and timbral brightness can be confused for one another. This study shows that pitch and timbre variations are represented in overlapping regions of auditory cortex, but that they produce distinguishable patterns of activation. Most importantly, the patterns of activation can be distinguished based on whether subjects attended to pitch or timbre even when the stimuli remained physically identical. The results therefore show that variations in pitch and timbre are represented by overlapping neural networks, but that attention to different features of the same sound can lead to distinguishable patterns of activation.
Movement Imitation via an Abstract Trajectory Representation in Dorsal Premotor Cortex
Authors: Wong Aaron L. , Jax Steven A. , Smith Louisa L. , Buxbaum Laurel J. , Krakauer John W.
Published: February 2019

Humans are particularly good at copying novel and meaningless gestures. The mechanistic and anatomical basis for this specialized imitation ability remains largely unknown. One idea is that imitation occurs by matching body configurations. Here we propose an alternative route to imitation that depends on a body-independent representation of the trajectory path of the end-effector. We studied a group of patients with strokes in the left frontoparietal cortices. We found that they were equally impaired at imitating movement trajectories using the ipsilesional limb (i.e., the nonparetic side) that were cued either by an actor using their whole arm or just by a cursor, suggesting that body configuration information is not always critical for imitation and that a representation of abstract trajectory shape may suffice. In addition, imitation ability was uncorrelated to the ability to identify the trajectory shape, suggesting that imitation deficits were unlikely to arise from perceptual impairments. Finally, a lesion-symptom mapping analysis found that imitation deficits were associated with lesions in left dorsal premotor but not parietal cortex. Together, these findings suggest a novel body-independent route to imitation that relies on the ability to plan abstract movement trajectories within dorsal premotor cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability to imitate is critical for rapidly learning to produce new gestures and actions, but how the brain translates observed movements into motor commands is poorly understood. Examining the ability of patients with strokes affecting the left hemisphere revealed that meaningless gestures can be imitated by succinctly representing only the motion of the hand in space, rather than the posture of the entire arm. Moreover, performance deficits correlated with lesions in dorsal premotor cortex, an area not previously associated with impaired imitation of arm postures. These findings thus describe a novel route to imitation that may also be impaired in some patients with apraxia.
Los nuevos retos de la Educación General universitaria en el siglo XXI
Authors: Vélez Cardona Waldemiro
Published: February 2019

Se presentan y discuten los principales retos de la Educación General universitaria en el siglo XXI. En primer lugar, superar la extraordinaria influencia que hasta ahora ha tenido el canon occidental, con su metafísica excluyente y a-histórica y acoger el pensamiento decolonial a partir de una apertura epistemológica a saberes que hasta ahora habían sido excluidos de los currículos universitarios. En segundo lugar, integrar plenamente el pensamiento complejo y la perspectiva transdisciplinaria en sus ofrecimientos.
Joaquín García Monge: escritor, editor, pensador y humanista
Authors: Mora Arias Jaime
Published: February 2019

Joaquín Monge nació el 20 de enero de 1881 y falleció el 31 de octubre de 1958. Realizó sus estudios primarios en la escuela de su ciudad natal Desamparados, los secundarios en el Internado del Liceo de Costa Rica y los superiores en el Instituto Pedagógico de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades de la Universidad de Chile. Fue escritor de cuentos y novelas, así como de numerosos artículos y cartas; editor por treinta y nueve años ininterrumpidos de la revista de alcance y cobertura continental Repertorio Americano en la que dio espacio a publicaciones de toda índole, más ajenas que propias, y desde la cual combatió con valentía las dictaduras de la época, lo que le granjeó numerosos enemigos; también fue editor de las revistas Ariel y El convivio. Desempeñó varios cargos públicos de relevancia, entre ellos Secretario de Instrucción Pública, Director de la Escuela Normal de Heredia y de la Biblioteca Nacional. A través de su obra literaria, función pública y vida en general, dejó clara evidencia de su identificación por las clases más pobres y marginados; de estrato humilde y comprensivo, nunca se avergonzó ni ocultó sus raíces. García Monge fue escritor, editor, humanista, latinoamericanista y patriota, también fue un ciudadano ejemplar, pero a pesar de todo esto, no fue profeta en su tierra. La crítica literaria de este país, con muy pocas excepciones, le regateó y le sigue negando sus excepcionales virtudes. La envidia, el desinterés, la indiferencia y la ignorancia que predominan en el costarricense, por poco lo sepultan en el olvido.
Pre-harvest factors that influence the quality of passion fruit: A review
Authors: Fischer Gerhard , Melgarejo Luz M. , Cutler Joseph
Published: February 2019

Colombia is the country with the greatest genetic diversity in passion fruit species, some of which are cultivated on an area of approximately 13,673 ha. Each variety must be planted at a suitable altitude under optimal conditions to obtain the best quality. Regarding plant nutrition, potassium has the greatest influence due to the effect of its application on the yield increase, ascorbic acid content and lifecycle to harvest. Adequate water increases the percentage of the marketable quality and amount of fruit juice, and the use of rootstocks does not significantly change the fruit quality. Ensuring a pollination of the flowers in cultivation is decisive for the fruit formation and its juice content. The species differ greatly in their quality, as purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) is a fruit that develops the highest content of ascorbic acid, while sweet calabash (P. maliformis) forms the maximum amount of phenols and total antioxidant activity. The maturation and ripening of passion fruit is determined by the skin coloration, during which the Brix grades and the maturity index increase and the titratable acidity diminishes. Fruits harvested early in physiological maturity and with unripe peel color can be treated with ethylene in post-harvest, matching fruits that ripened in the plant. More research is needed in the improvement of the quality of the Passifloraceae. Giant granadilla (P. cuadrangularis) and sweet calabash have been studied less than banana passion fruit (P. tripartita var. mollissima), purple passion fruit, yellow passion fruit and sweet granadilla (P. ligularis). The last three species are the most exported fruits in the country.
Evaluation of irrigation in roses in a suitable substrate with three water depths and the percentage of drainage
Authors: Valencia Jorge , Vélez Javier , Arévalo John
Published: February 2019

The municipality of Facatativa, where the research was carried out, is located in the Bogota Plateau (Department of Cundinamarca), an area specialized in the production of flowers that, along with other producing regions of the department, represent around 72% of national production. Establishing the amount of water and the time of application is a key factor that contributes to obtain the quality and production required, according to the requirements in commercial crops, such as rose. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three irrigation depths on Rosa sp. Vendela variety in substrate (80% toasted rice husks and 20% compost), based on evapotranspiration and percentage of drainage, in a greenhouse in the Bogota Plateau. The experiment was conducted in two crop cycles during 2014. The production and quality of the harvest were evaluated with three irrigation depths: Control treatment (T1) with 100% of the crop’s evapotranspiration (ETc) and drainage percentage (% D), T2 and T3, equivalent to 80% and 65% of T1, respectively. Irrigation was applied as follows: 15.04, 12.39 and 10.35 m3 per bed were applied for two cycles in T1, T2 and T3, representing a reduction of 17.6 and 31.2% for T2 and T3, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The production of floral stems, the bud diameter and length did not have significant differences (P<0.05) according to the Duncan test; however, T1 had the highest number of stems. The length and diameter of the stem, the crop coefficient Kc and water use efficiency (WUE) presented significant differences between the treatments. The growth curves showed a continuous increase, which fit the logistic model.
Epistemic Marginality, Higher and Environmental Education in Colombia
Authors: Youkhana Eva , Leifkes Claudia , León-Sicard Tomás Enrique
Published: February 2019

Due to their ecological and cultural wealth and diversity many Latin American countries suffer from the exploitation of natural resources and environmental conflicts. These are furthered by many interconnected factors: divergent world views on land and territory and the competitive interests that stem from them (land and nature as livelihood with symbolic meaning vs. land and its resources as commodity), multiple legal systems (legal pluralism), different social relations and equally divergent strategies and technologies to transform nature. In Colombia among other countries, these factors are largely responsible for the emergence and intensification of the unsustainable resource use and the exploitation of natural resources, for example through an increase of extractive activities such as mining and agricultural practices in the style of the green revolution. Both are privileged in the current conventional and neoliberal model of development, with serious destructive consequences for the natural and cultural environment (symbolic, social, economic, political and technological). Strategies to solve the mentioned problems need a critical reflection on the epistemic foundations that represent diverse perspectives on ecology, development and the environment. We assume that higher and environmental education are important aspects, political agents and protagonists for the enforcement of ideologies and interests, and should therefore be diversified to increase political participation and decrease social inequalities.
Programa bilateral de Apoyo a la Formación Doctoral (PAFD) hacia los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS)
Authors: Development Research Center of , Ambientales Instituto de Estudios
Published: February 2019

Derechos territoriales, uso de la tierra y acceso a los recursos en Colombia: desafíos y soluciones potenciales después del Acuerdo de Paz
Plantaciones forestales en Chile: ¿hacia un modelo más sustentable?
Authors: Mora-Motta Alejandro
Published: February 2019

Las plantaciones de pino y eucalipto en Chile siguen estando en el corazón del modelo de desarrollo del país, pero sufren una crisis de legitimación que deriva de un profundo descontento social por sus efectos socio-ecológicos a nivel local. Tras problematizar las plantaciones chilenas como un proceso (neo)extractivista, el presente trabajo ubica su expansión en un contexto histórico y se enfoca en analizar el efecto del giro hacia una ‘economía verde’ en el marco del cual se reestructura la política forestal, buscando un aparente modelo más sostenible. Basándome en una revisión de literatura y de las políticas asociadas a este giro, argumento que los elementos discursivos y prácticos que en éste se articulan ofrecen oportunidades para una nueva fase expansiva de las plantaciones. Dicha fase está marcada por una combinación de estrategias de apropiación de la naturaleza que buscan tanto la extensión de plantaciones a las últimas fronteras de recursos como la generación de nuevos espacios de apropiación, que se materializan en oportunidades concretas para una nueva expansión material.
El reto de los conflictos ambientales en el escenario del postconflicto en Colombia: reflexiones para la construcción y discusión sobre las perspectivas de paz y derechos ambientales
Authors: Ortega-Guerrero Gustavo Adolfo
Published: February 2019

A nivel mundial se ha generado expectativa sobre el proceso de paz que se ha venido adelantando con las guerrillas de las FARC-EP y el ELN en Colombia, así como sobre la adopción de los eventuales acuerdos que han sido pactados con el Gobierno Nacional. Sin embargo, como se argumenta en este artículo, el hecho de que se aluda desde el punto de vista teórico y conceptual a la aparición de una fase de ‘post-conflicto’ y/o ‘post-acuerdos’ no quiere decir que desaparezcan los conflictos internos, sino que, en lugar de ello, estos se transforman o incluso pueden dar lugar a nuevos conflictos. Un aporte en este sentido es concluir que el desarrollo armado es solo una manifestación o expresión del conflicto que resulta ser mucho más complejo, por sus múltiples aspectos y por los factores que lo originan. En materia ambiental se identifica esta tendencia, pues en los últimos años a partir de la anunciada ‘fase de postconflicto en Colombia’, los conflictos ambientales se han venido intensificando o se han creado situaciones que dan lugar a la aparición de nuevos conflictos. Por esta razón, el reto de los conflictos ambientales consiste en plantear una serie de reflexiones para la discusión y construcción de escenarios de paz amplios y duraderos. En este sentido, la paz no es ausencia de conflictos, sino una situación en la cual es posible resolverlos sin acudir a la violencia, pero garantizando los derechos ambientales. Se propone encontrar una salida concertada y participativa entre los diferentes sectores sociales, que reconozca y establezca los aspectos para la superación de las injusticias ambientales, insistiendo en que estas últimas se constituyen en una condición generadora de conflictos por la distribución de los bienes y cargas ambientales, que se manifiesta en las desigualdades e inequidades entre seres humanos y seres humanos y naturaleza. Por lo tanto, será indispensable enfocar los esfuerzos para que se respeten los derechos ambientales en ese reconocimiento de garantías para la no afectación, contaminación y generación de impactos, pero también en acciones afirmativas, reivindicaciones y luchas que permitan la concreción de una justicia redistributiva, la resolución de los problemas de desigualdad y pobreza, y el respeto y límites para la conservación y sostenibilidad de los bienes ambientales y naturales.
STORING RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN A SUBSTITUTE OF NATURAL GAS
Authors: Spazzafumo G.
Published: February 2019

This paper proposes a way to obtain valuable electric power and valuable fuel starting from renewable variable electric power plus biomass and/or waste products. Biomass/biofuel can be oxyburned using electrolytic oxygen to generate electric power. Gas turbines or internal combustion engines are suitable to such a task, but there is the problem of very high temperatures connected to oxy combustion. In the case of gas turbine the inlet temperature could be controlled by adding steam and/or carbon dioxide, while in the case of internal combustion engines only carbon dioxide could be used. In such a way the exhaust gas continues to be formed by carbon dioxide and steam which can be easily separated by condensation. Carbon dioxide is fed to a Sabatier process together with electrolytic hydrogen to generate a gas with characteristics similar to natural gas. Although electrolytic hydrogen could be used directly both in internal combustion engines and fuel cells, significant problems to hydrogen distribution and on-board storing still exists. Therefore the substitute of natural gas could be a real bridge solution for the short/medium term. A  simulation has been carried out and the resulting efficiencies range from 0.52 to 0.58.
APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING IN BIOMEDICINE AND ECOLOGY
Authors: Kirichenko M. N. , Chaikov L. L. , Kazaryan M. A. , Bulychev N. A.
Published: February 2019

The review is devoted to the modern state of science in the field of light scattering techniques application in the biomedicine and ecology. The theoretical basis of dynamic and static light scattering and the results of modern works of their using for different aims are presented in the work. Since these methods are non-invasive and do not disturb the essential course of different processes, they are useful and irreplaceable for studying the biological samples. Application of the methods for studying of the hydrodynamic radii, molecular weights and distributions of light scattering on biomacromolecular particle sizes in biological liquids already led to the development of techniques of diagnostics of different socially-important deceases (cancer, cardiovascular deceases, and diabetes). The authors of diagnostics found that the ratio of the light intensity on the sizes of albumins and globulins, the mean hydrodynamic radius of protein aggregates and the second virial coefficient are the sensitive parameters to pathological processes development in the human body. The review also presents the results of the works devoted to the study of theinflu ence of the low doses of ions of heavy metals and radioactive radiation on different groups of the population by light scattering. The results showed, for example, that the people involved in the nuclear industry have metabolic disorders. Such works open the possibility of application of light scattering technique for sanogenetic control of the population health, which is relevant from the ecological point of view of environmentally unfriendly territories and industries. The study of the structure and properties of the polymeric and biological gels and effects of different factors on them (including nanoparticles) is the perspective field of light scattering application. The works and their results presented in the review show the broad application of light scattering technique for different biological and ecological aims.
Az angiotenzinkonvertálóenzim-gátló/kalciumcsatorna-blokkoló fix gyógyszer-kombinációk egyéves perzisztenciája hypertoniában
Authors: Simonyi Gábor , Ferenci Tamás , Finta Ervin , Igaz Iván , Balogh Sándor , Gasparics Roland , Medvegy Mihály
Published: February 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: The most recent European guidelines for the treatment of hypertension suggest the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists (RAAS inhibitors) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) or diuretics fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) as the first therapeutic option. In antihypertensive therapy, the patient’s adherence is one of the most important factors in reducing unwanted cardiovascular events. Aim: Our aim was to assess the one-year persistence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and CCB FDCs in hypertensive patients. Method: Authors have analysed the prescription database of the National Health Insurance Fund in Hungary on pharmacy claims between October 1, 2012 and September 30, 2013. Those patients were identified who filled prescriptions for FDCs of ACEI and CCBs prescribed for the first time for hypertensive patients and who had not received similar drugs during the year before. Apparatus of survival analysis was used, where ‘survival’ was the time to abandon the medication. Results: 124 388 patients met the inclusion criteria. One-year persistence rate and hazard ratio (HR) of discontinuation in patients with ramipril/amlodipine FDC was 54% (HR = 1.00, reference), perindopril/amlodipine 47% (HR = 1.30, p<0.0001), lisinopril/amlodipine 36% (HR = 1.79, p<0.0001), ramipril/felodipine 26% (HR = 2.28, p<0.0001) and trandolapril/verapamil 12% (HR = 4.13, p<0.0001). The average survival time of drug limited to 360 days was 270.2 days for ramipril/amlodipine FDC, 242.7 days for perindopril/amlodipine FDC, 211.2 days for lisinopril/amlodipine FDC, 186.3 days for ramipril/felodipine FDC and 125.7 days for trandolapril/verapamil FDC. Conclusions: The authors demonstrated that the one-year persistence of ACEI/CCB FDCs was significantly different in hypertensive patients. Ramipril/amlodipine FDC was more advantageous for patient adherence. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(9): 343–348.
City of Flows: The Need for Design-Led Research to Urban Metabolism
Authors: Roggema Rob
Published: February 2019

The design of cities has long ignored the flows that shape the city. Water has been the most visible one, but energy and materials were invisible and/or taken for granted. A little over 50 years ago, Abel Wolman was the first to illuminate the role of water flows in the urban fabric. It has long been a search for quantitative data while the flows were mostly seen as separated entities. The fact they invisibly formed the way the city appears has been neglected for many years. In this thematic issue the “city of flows” is seen as a design task. It aims to bring to the fore the role flows can play to be consciously used to make spatial decisions in how and where certain uses and infrastructure is located. Efficient and sustainable.