bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial dissemination in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by CD+ T-cells & proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Davuluri Kusuma Sai , Singh Shoor Vir , Chauhan D.S.
Published: August 2023

Background & objectives:

As CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers decline, the conventional, localized forms of tuberculosis shift to the atypical, disseminated forms. Variations in lymphocyte and immune cell expression levels affect how tuberculosis manifests in disseminated forms. Understanding the relationship between lymphocyte counts (CD4+ and CD8+) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-12 and interferon, we may therefore be able to shed light on how infections spread and suggest potential biomarkers for these immune factors.

Methods:

In this study, 15 guinea pigs were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) H37Rv strain and grouped into three groups of five each for further investigation. Serum samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were examined for the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T-cell subsets in guinea pigs infected with pulmonary tuberculosis and disseminated tuberculosis.

Results:

We found that M.tb escapes macrophages due to pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation. Despite the protective immunity created by T-cells and cytokines, M.tb bacilli may spread to other organs due to inflammation induced by these immune components. A high number of T-cells and stimulated cytokine production are involved in triggering inflammation after necrotic tissue develops and tuberculosis spreads.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our findings imply that increased bacilli in the spleen at the 8th wk of infection may be caused by the overexpression of CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte subsets and cytokines that generated inflammation during the 4th wk of infection. This is a pilot study with a small sample size and less assertive inference. Larger studies would be helpful to validate the results of the present investigation.
Probing antibacterial drugs for Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586 targeting UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase
Authors: Saputri Dewi , Mubarak Zaki , Mudatsir Mudatsir , Setyawati Inda , Setiawan Aprijal Ghiyas , Abrar Mahdi
Published: August 2023

Fusobacterium
nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that is commonly found in oral cavities and is associated with connective tissue destruction in periodontitis. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase with enzyme commission number 2.5.1.7 is a transferases enzyme that plays a role in bacterial pathogenesis. Inhibiting binding sites of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase is needed to find potential antibiotic candidates for periodontitis treatment. Hence, the research aimed to present potential UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase inhibiting compounds through molecular docking simulation by in silico analysis. DrugBank database was used to obtain the antibacterial candidates, which were further screened computationally using the AutoDock Vina program on Google Colab Pro. The top nine compounds yielded binding affinity ranging from −12.1 to -12.8 kcal/mol, with conivaptan as one of the three compounds having the highest binding affinity. Molecular dynamic study revealed that the ligand–protein complex for conivaptan had root-mean-square deviation values of 0.05–1.1 nm, indicating likeliness for stable interaction. Our findings suggest that conivaptan is the potent UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase inhibitor, hence its efficacy against periodontitis-causing bacteria.
Transdermal patches based on chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymer blends for gentamycin administration
Authors: Jaber Saif Aldeen
Published: August 2023

Biofilm-forming bacteria have sent alarms to the world about the emerging of bacterial resistance. Gentamycin is an aminoglycoside broad-spectrum antibiotic used against microbial infections. The transdermal drug delivery method is a major system used to reduce drug toxicity and avoid first-pass metabolism. Gentamycin was formulated in a transdermal polymeric formula using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and Chitosan in the presence of palmitic acid as a permeation enhancer. In this research, gentamycin extended drug release behavior was successfully done in different polymeric formulas containing (HPMC/PVP) and (HPMC/Chitosan), with a maximum drug release of <70%. In addition, drug diffusion was found to be dependent on the rate of drug release. The controlled release formulas selected for antimicrobial assay show that HPMC/Chitosan formulas have successfully inhibited microbial and biofilm growth by 90%. In conclusion, gentamycin can be formulated in a transdermal polymeric film to target skin infection, reduce drug side effects and avoid drug first-pass metabolism.
Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract in burn infection
Authors: Mauludiyana Septin , Aryati  , Dachlan Yoes Prijatna , Saputro Iswinarno Doso
Published: August 2023

Thermal burns produce tissue damage, which eliminates the protective role of tissue. Due to the extensive tissue damage from severe burns, an overactive immune response occurs. Furthermore, this raises the possibility of getting sepsis, a condition in which a bacterial infection spreads throughout the body rather than only in the area of the injury or localized infection. To determine the compounds of Ajwa dates have the potential as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent in infectious thermal burns. The research method used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guideline. Various references were collected from the online database Google Scholar and PubMed including reports, journals, and all references mostly published no more than the past 10 years. This systematic review revealed 16 research articles that were pertinent. Polyphenolic substances such as flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolic acids were found in ajwa dates. Specified polyphenol chemicals have the ability to interact with one or more immune cell receptors, moving intracellular messages and influencing the host’s immunological response. Ajwa dates’ polyphenol acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in severe burns by inhibiting the expression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors, controlling transcription factors, and changing the phenotype of macrophage cells, among other ways. The bacterial activity and immune response regulation of Ajwa dates, on the other hand, also serve as an antibacterial agent directly. The polyphenol compounds in Ajwa dates have the potential to operate as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent in infected thermal burns.
Identification of volatile compounds contained in the therapeutic essential oils from Pogostemon cablin, Melaleuca leucadendra, and Mentha piperita and their purified fractions
Authors: Ginting Binawati , Sufriadi Elly , Harnelly Essy , Isnaini Nadia , Mulana Farid , Suparto Irma Herawati , Ilmiawati Auliya , Ernawati Ernawati , Muhammad Syaifullah , Syakira Maula , Riski Cantika Dwi
Published: August 2023

Pogostemon
cablin, Melaleuca
leucadendra, and Mentha
piperita are three aromatic plants that have been reported to produce a high yield of volatile components with medicinal and therapeutic properties. This present study aimed to perform qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis on the volatile components present in the aforementioned aromatic plants. Essential oils from P. cablin and M. leucadendra were obtained from community-based enterprises in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The essential oils were further purified using vacuum rotary evaporator. In addition, we also investigated the essential oils from M. piperita based on the priorly optimized parameters. The volatile components contained in the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The qualitative data were derived from the MS data based on the fragmented components separated by the GC and compared with the database. The abundance of each volatile component was determined based on the area percentage of the chromatographic peak. In P. cablin oil, the relative abundance of α-guaiene and seychellene was higher in heavy fraction (17.11 and 10.29, respectively), while patchouli alcohol in light fraction (69.92%). Eucalyptol was found higher in the light fraction of M. leucadendra oil (MO) than that in the heavy fraction (78.87% vs. 17.34%, respectively). As for the M. piperita oil, menthone was found as the predominant component with relative abundance of 21.6%. Essential oils extracted from P. cablin, M. leucadendra, and M. piperita consist of volatile components with medicinal and therapeutic potentials, in which their compositions are affected by the purification process.
Assessing the impacts of L-carnitine and modafinil on fatigue in Iraqi multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Al-Shammari Ahmed Hamza , Abbood Zainab A. , Lateef Hayder F.
Published: August 2023

Fatigue is a prevalent symptom experienced by individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), which greatly affects their daily activities and causes frustration and depression, thus affecting their lives and society. This can be prevented through the use of medicines such as L-carnitine and modafinil. The study aimed to examine the effect of L-carnitine and modafinil on fatigue and which one is better for MS patients. This was a clinical trial. This clinical trial was conducted in cooperation between Al-Kut University College and an MS consultant at Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in addition to the private neurological clinic from October 1, 2022, to March 15, 2023. Forty participants were split into two groups; both of which were almost identical characteristics regarding age, disease duration, and degree of fatigue. Group I (n = 20): relapsing-remitting MS patients with fatigue received modafinil. Group II (n = 20): relapsing-remitting MS patients with fatigue received L-carnitine. Fatigue was evaluated according to the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). The statistical work was done in SPSS (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA, version 24). P values were calculated by the t-test. Significant data have P = 0.05. After 2 months of treatment, the results show a significant decrease in MFIS in both groups with a higher reduction in patients who use L-carnitine. Both modafinil and L-carnitine show a significant influence on fatigue in MS patients, and these effects are more in L-carnitine.
Effects of oral Mirtogenol on retinal ganglion cell apoptosis index and intraocular pressure in the Wistar glaucoma model
Authors: Andika Yustiadenta Widya , Jannah Silka Roudhatul , Winarto  , Wildan Arief , Rahmi Fifin Luthfia , Prihatningtyas Riski , Mulyanto Joko , Maharani
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this research is to determine how Mirtogenol affects intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of apoptosis index in Wistar glaucoma models, as well as the relationship between IOP and RGC apoptosis index. Twelve Wistar glaucoma models were divided into two groups for experimental research with a pretest–posttest and posttest-only. The treatment group got oral administration of Mirtogenol 12.3 mg twice a day for 2 weeks, whereas the control group received a placebo in the same way. Apoptotic index and IOP were evaluated both before and after the intervention. A parametric independent t-test was used to determine the difference between groups, and a parametric paired t-test was used to determine the difference within groups. The results showed that the RGC apoptosis index in treatment groups was considerably less when compared to control groups (P < 0.001). In the treatment group, the IOP is decreased compared to the control group (mean difference: −12.67 ± 3.79 vs. 0.69 ± 4.64, respectively, P = 0.002). A significant and solid correlation was found between IOP and RGC apoptosis index (R = 0.884, P < 0.001). Thus, Mirtogenol supplementation is expected to be used to prevent glaucoma progression.
COVID-19 in third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Yadiki JosnaVinutha , Ali Alftaikhah Sultan Abdulkarim
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic disease, which affects the respiratory system and produces flu-like symptoms, is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is transmitted by close contact, oronasal secretions, or droplets. In general, pregnant individuals are at increased risk than nonpregnant individuals for developing serious SARS-CoV-2 virus-related illnesses, particularly during the third trimester. Despite the lack of research on COVID-19-infected pregnant mothers, this review article has discussed the clinical and laboratory characteristics and impact of COVID-19 on delivery, management, and vaccination of pregnant individuals with COVID-19 infection.
Utilization of local therapeutic food in preventing and treating nutrition problems in the dry land area of the islands of east nusa tenggara province
Authors: Picauly Intje , Nur Marselinus Laga , Marni Marni , Kale Esryk Indriyani
Published: August 2023

The research aims to produce a local Pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT) biscuit formula that is nutritious, acceptable and has a good shelf life. Experimental research with RAL design used two factors and two treatments, namely the addition of anchovy flour (20% and 30%) and moringa leaf flour (20% and 30%) to 100 g of corn flour. The research was conducted in April–November 2022 with an analysis of nutritional content, and acceptability. Data were processed using SPSS with a statistical test One Way analysis of variance Test. The results of the analysis showed that the P4 product had a higher nutritional content difference, namely: 17.976 g of protein; fat 20.106 g; carbohydrates 60.644 g; minerals 3.632 μg; water content 3.999 aw; and energy 490.9 kcal with acceptance scores: Like-really like for 7 days at room temperature without standard packaging. Each serving portion for children of 2 pieces of biscuits or as much as 25 g/day gets a protein nutritional intake of 2.26 g or 11.3% of the Recommended dietary allowance (RDA); Fat of 2.66 or 5.9% of the RDA; Carbohydrates are 14.3 or 6.7% of the RDA and Energy is 615.23 kcal or 45.6% of the RDA. Product combination of 100 g of corn flour; 20 g of moringa flour; and 20 g of anchovy flour into the local therapeutic food “Iman” biscuit formulation which is very popular.
Clinical Profile of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sero-Positives Attending Integrated Counselling and Testing Center in District Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Rajende , Srivastava Abhay , Fatima Nazish , Shammem Mohammed , Shukla Indu
Published: August 2023

Background:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seems to be a major public health challenge for all over the world, especially in developing countries such as India.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to study the sociodemographic profile of people living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) attending a standalone Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:

A record-based study was carried out among the HIV-positive patients who were attending the ICTC at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical college, AMU, Aligarh.

Results:

Prevalence of HIV infection was found to be 5.04% in and around Aligarh region. Males were more commonly affected than females with a ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of HIV-positive patients (35.82%) belonged to 25–34 years of age group. Most common clinical presentation was fever (46.9%) among HIV-positive patients, followed by weight loss (36.88%) and diarrhea (32.55%). Sexual transmission (61.19%) was the most common route of HIV transmission seen in our study. Most of the patients had a baseline CD4 count level below 200/μl.

Conclusion:

Majority of HIV/AIDS study subjects were from the economically productive age group. Education level, occupation, socioeconomic status, and marital status were found to be statistically associated. Practice of heterosexuality is the most common mode of transmission. Most of the patients reported at an early phase of disease.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Contraceptive Methods among Reproductive Age Group Females
Authors: Sharma Saloni , Srivastava Abhay , Semwal Jayanti , Vyas Shaili , Sharma Neha
Published: August 2023

Background:

Contraceptive methods play a vital role in family planning and has been established a cornerstone in reducing maternal and infant mortality rate. Family planning is encouraged as a tool to address the reproductive health needs of men and women, as well as the pivotal problem in regard to rapid population increase. The total fertility rate in Uttarakhand is 2.1 children per woman with couple protection rate of 53%, according to National Family Health Services.

Aims and Objectives:

We aimed to assess the knowledge regarding contraceptives and its usage among married women of reproductive age group in urban area.

Materials and Methods:

The study was a cross-sectional study using a quantitative survey questionnaire of duration 5 months. Women in reproductive age-group (15–45 years) were included in the study. A total of 102 study participants were enrolled.

Results:

Mean ± standard deviation of study participants was 29.09 ± 5.04. "Knowledge" questions had over 90% of correct responses. The attitude of study participants toward contraceptive usage was mostly favorable. Contraception usage practice was fairly good.

Conclusion:

There is a need to promote positive attitude among the general public so that they can create an environment to raise awareness among the general public regarding contraception.
Persistent suffering: Living experiences of patients with rare disease: An interpretative phenomenological study
Authors: Rezaei Fatemeh , Sanagoo Akram , Peyrovi Hamid , Jouybari Leila
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

The low prevalence of rare diseases has caused the need for studies in this field to be neglected. Regardless of the prevalence of rare diseases, many people around the world have to live with the medical, psychological, and social consequences of their condition. Individuals with rare diseases may face challenges that are different from those experienced in more common medical conditions. The life experiences of patients with rare diseases have not been sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to discover the meaning of living as a person with a rare disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This interpretative phenomenological study was conducted in 2021–2022 on 10 patients with one of the rare diseases (registered in the Atlas of Rare Diseases of Iran). Based on purposeful sampling, people with rare diseases living in Mazandaran, Golestan, and Tehran provinces were invited to participate in the study. Data collection was done using open and semi-structured interviews. The research question was exploring understanding the experience and meaning of life as a person with a rare disease. Van Manen's interpretive phenomenological approach was used to analyze the data, and the criteria of validity, transferability, and verifiability were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the research.

RESULTS:

The five main themes “permanent suffering, such as a bird in a cage, rejection, immersion in the whirlpool of thoughts, losing the feeling of life”, and 10 sub-themes “nightmare, giving up, deprivation, limitation, worthlessness, being stigmatized, dark vision, confusion, continuous regret, and inferiority feeling” were extracted.

CONCLUSION:

The results of this study show that the suffering of the disease casts a shadow on all aspects of a patient's life with a rare disease. The effects of illness, disability, limitations, and exclusions had created a human being in a cage, whose right to live like others has been denied.
Uncertainty and its related coping strategies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Life in the fog
Authors: Mazhariazad Fereshteh , Dianati Mansour , Taghadosi Mohsen , Zamani Batool
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

One of the most prevalent problems of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the uncertainty over an indefinite future. Uncertainty has significant effects on quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore uncertainty and personal strategies to cope with it among patients with SLE.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2021 using conventional content analysis. Participants were 21 patients with SLE who were purposefully selected from rheumatology clinics in Kashan, Kerman, and Bandar Abbass in Iran. Data collection was performed using face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews and was continued up to data saturation. Data were analyzed concurrently with data collection through conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman.

RESULTS:

Two main themes, namely, “life in the fog” and “attempt to find peace” emerged from patients' experiences of illness uncertainty of SLE. Life in the fog included three main categories of “perception of threat to health”, “challenge of doubt and certainty,” and “indefinite future.” Attempt to find peace included three main categories of “spirituality,” “reflection,” and “attempt to acquire SLE-related knowledge.

CONCLUSIONS:

Uncertainty is a major psychological stress for patients with SLE. Healthcare providers should therefore consider the challenges and concerns faced by patients and, through utilizing appropriate training and communicational practices, plan interventions and strategies to empower patients for coping with uncertainty.
Evaluation and comparison of knowledge translation patterns in selected countries with Iran: A comparative study
Authors: Mansouri Arani Mohammad Reza , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Rassouli Maryam , Valizadeh Leila
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

One of the main issues related to the inefficiency of the health system is the lack of sufficient communication between researchers and health policymakers regarding the exchange of the latest findings and the use of inappropriate evidence to manage cases. The knowledge translation removes this disconnect.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this comparative study, to obtain appropriate data on the status of knowledge translation, refer to the databases of reputable centers and governments and the knowledge translation models were reviewed in the title of main articles, abstracts, guidelines, and reports of reputable international organizations between 2005 and 2020. The origin of the models was determined, then the countries with the largest number of models were selected and analyzed using Walt and Gilson's “Policy Triangle framework in four dimensions: context, content, process, and actors.”

RESULTS:

All the three countries have politically, socially, and economically made knowledge translation one of their policy priorities. Iran's centralized health system is a major obstacle. The USA and Canada have clear strategies and coherent and practical infrastructures that implement the knowledge translation in the form of operational plans. In contrast, in Iran, it has been enough to establish the knowledge translation centers at the level of universities and knowledge translation websites. In Iran, the Ministry of Health and universities of medical sciences play a direct role, but in Canada, they also use knowledge broker to apply knowledge.

CONCLUSION:

Iran is building capacity in the field of knowledge translation. That the implementation of interventions with the cooperation of macro policymakers can strengthen it.
Effect of couples 'online training on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women
Authors: Abasi Elieh , Borghei Narjes Sadat , Goli Shahrbanoo , Farjamfar Maryam , Keramat Afsaneh
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Due to the importance of maternal fetal attachment (MFA) in women mental health improvement and considering the fathers' role in MFA promoting, this study conducted to investigate the effect of couple education on maternal fetal attachment.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 100 pregnant women and their husbands referred to six health centers in Sari from May to June 2021. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included demographic information form and the Cranley MFA Scale with 24 questions. The intervention group took part in four session's weekly training about spouse support, attachment behaviors, and gender preference of parents, while the control group received only the routine antenatal care. Both groups completed Cranley's questionnaire before and 4 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, paired and independent t-test by SPSS 21.

RESULTS:

MFA mean scores, pre-training and post-training in intervention group were 3.27 (0.54) and 3.75 (0.42), respectively; in the control group, were, 3.24 (0.49) and 3.21 (0.48). There was a significant difference between the two groups' MFA mean scores after intervention (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

The findings of this study revealed that couple training regarding spouse support, attachment behaviors, and gender preference during pregnancy can promotes MFA even online training.
A population-based and symptom-based COVID-19 prevalence survey
Authors: Beiranvand Reza , Azimzadeh Maryam , Chegeni Maryam , Ghalavandi Shahnaz , Mohseni Zahra , Yousefi Ehteram , Khazaei Zaher , Kazemzadeh Yasan , Gheysvandi Kaivan , Gheysvandi Elham
Published: August 2023

The current study aimed to determine the community-based COVID-19 prevalence and compare the symptom-based and test-based prevalence rates in the Omicron peak (February 20 to March 20, 2022) to assess community involvement and provide effective healthcare. This cross-sectional and population-based study examined the prevalence of COVID-19 from February 20 to March 20, 2022, in the city of Khomein in Markazi Province (located in central Iran) through random cluster sampling. The period prevalence of recurrent Omicron symptoms was 37.69%. Factors such as residence in urban areas (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.95–1.66), number of COVID-19 vaccine doses (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.95), the interval of last vaccination dose (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.97–1.11) and a history of COVID-19 (OR =1.20, 95% CI: 1.04–1.39) were among the most important risk factors for Omicron. Ongoing efforts to vaccinate high-risk populations as well as stronger actions to diminish the Omicron consequences are fundamental obligations of the health system.
The relationship between perceived stress and emotional intelligence in Moroccan nursing students
Authors: Ksiksou Jamal , Maskour Lhoussaine , Alaoui Smail
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Nursing students are subjected to many stressors during their clinical practicums. Emotional intelligence (EI) could act as a real stress regulator. In this perspective, we sought to study the relationship between stress and EI in a sample of Moroccan nursing students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was conducted using the descriptive correlational method. The statistical population consisted of the nursing students of the Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan in Morocco during the academic year 2021-2022. Among them, 146 participants were selected on the basis of simple random sampling. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire addressing sociodemographic factors, perceived stress (the Perceived Stress in Clinical Practice Scale), and emotional intelligence (Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale test). Descriptive statistics were used and Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to assess the correlation between stress and EI, and to compare them according to socio-demographic characteristics. A linear regression analysis was calculated to analyze the effect of independent variables on perceived stress and EI. For the analysis, a level of 0.05 was chosen.

RESULTS:

The overall mean age of the students was 20.02 ± 1.12 years. Participants had moderate levels of perceived stress (M = 2.42 ± 0.77) and high levels of EI (M = 3.79 ± 1.09). A significant positive correlation between perceived stress and EI was found (r = 0.741, P
< 0,05). The regression model shows that EI, education level, and clinical practice setting can explain changes in perceived stress levels and are effective and significant factors (P < 0,001).

CONCLUSION:

EI has been shown to be a protective factor against stress in nursing students. Those with well-developed EI have lower levels of stress. Therefore, it is suggested that a mindfulness-based training program be incorporated into the nursing curriculum to develop emotional skills and combat stress in students.
The “Know Your Lemons” Tools: A strategy to improve breast cancer warning signs recognition in Malaysia
Authors: Mei Yen Mary Chan , Islam Tania , Ellsworth-Beaumont Corrine , Dhillon Sarinder Kaur , Ganggayah Mogana Darshini , Taib Nur Aishah
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in Malaysia, with many diagnosed at late stages. The “Know Your Lemons” (KYL) visual educational tools were developed by KYL Foundation. This study aimed to evaluate participants' confidence levels and perceived knowledge in identifying BC symptoms before and after exposure to KYL tools.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 788 participants in three KYL health campaigns from 2017 to 2020. Perceived knowledge (a 5-item Likert scale was used, zero means “very poor” and 4 means “excellent knowledge”) and confidence in identifying BC symptoms were studied. A Wilcoxon Matched-Paired Signed-Rank Test was performed to assess the perceived knowledge.

RESULTS:

There was a significant improvement in the perceived knowledge Mean (±SD) score (2.84 ± 1.02) versus (4.31 ± 0.66) before and after the campaign (P < 0.01). About 95.6% agreed that the language used in KYL materials was clear and understandable, 89.8% agreed it is acceptable in Malaysian culture, and 80% felt more confident in identifying BC symptoms. Therefore, 90.8% had the intention of breast self-examination and 90.8% would consult a doctor if symptomatic. The majority (92.7%) agreed that the KYL tools clarified the BC tests needed.

CONCLUSION:

The KYL tools enhanced perceived BC symptom recognition knowledge and confidence levels.
Predictors and influencing factors of emotional intelligence among nurses in the North East England, United Kingdom
Authors: Awe Ayodele O. , David-Olawade Aanuoluwapo C. , Ayodele-Awe Iyanuoluwa , Feng Haibo , Odetayo Aderonke , Afolalu Temitope D. , Ladan Henrietha , Olawade David B.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Recognising that high levels of emotional intelligence (EI) are required for involvement in the nursing practice, this study was conducted to assess the traits of emotional intelligence, perception of emotional intelligence and factors associated with emotional intelligence among nursing teams in Northeast England.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

For this descriptive cross-sectional study, a concurrent mixed method was employed (qualitative and quantitative method) using a convenience sampling technique. Data were obtained from one hundred and ten (110) staff nurses practicing with the National Health Service via a validated semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interview. Data collected through questionnaires (online- Google form link) were retrieved via Ms excel spreadsheet and then imported to Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 for analyses. Interviews recorded were transcribed word for word as Nvivo software (version 12) was utilised for thematic analysis and rapid analysis was also adopted to validate the responses.

RESULTS:

Majority (77%) of the respondents were females, and about half (46%) have work experience between one to five years. The mean emotional intelligence trait score for each domain was self-awareness (20.20), self-regulation (38.15), self-motivation (20.54), empathy (18.78), and social skills (29.60), as 82% of the nurses had high emotional intelligence trait. There was a statistically significant relationship between empathy, and race of the respondents (P = 0.040). Also, from the qualitative data; cultural differences, personality traits, self-care, family support, and organisational structure are key predictors of emotional intelligence traits among nurses.

CONCLUSION:

Enhancing emotional intelligence traits among nursing teams is significant, as it may serve as an intervention strategy to manage changes and still increase level of morale and productivity among nurses. Hence, creating a more supportive environment, encouragement from team leads or supervisors, and training on stress management strategies can help to reduce burnout, anxiety and stress in nurses.
The effects of breast milk odor on the physiological and behavioral responses caused by venipuncture pain in term infants: A clinical trial study
Authors: Asadian Asma , Shirinzadeh-Feizabadi Atefeh , Amiri-Shadmehri Elaheh , Yaghoobi Hamideh
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Pain management is very important for infants who are unable to express it verbally. Pain control is one of the nursing actions and part of their duties. This study attempted to determine the effects of breast milk odor on the physiological and behavioral responses caused by venipuncture pain in full-term infants at an educational hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 3–5 days' term and healthy babies with a gestational age of 34 weeks and later in the 9-Day Hospital of Torbet Heydariyeh, Iran, 2021. The sample size, taking into account the possibility of a 10% dropout of samples included 20 babies for each group and a total of 40 babies were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data, a checklist of demographic characteristics, a registration form for physiological responses, and the modified behavioral pain scale were used.

RESULTS:

The results of this study showed that breast milk odor has a positive effect on behavioral responses (P < 0.001) and also a significant relationship was observed between the effects of breast milk odor and physiological responses percentage of oxygen uptake and pulse (P < 0.001). However, no significant relationship was observed between breast milk odor and breathing variables (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

According to the results, olfactory stimulation with breast milk during venous blood sampling showed positive effects on physiological responses and pain reduction in infants. Therefore, it is recommended to use soothing stimuli such as the smell of breast milk during painful procedures in babies.
Students' approaches to learning (SALs): Validation and psychometric properties of a tool measurement
Authors: Jiyed Omar , Alami Anouar , Maskour Lhoussaine , El Batri Bouchta , Benjelloun Nadia , Zaki Moncef
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Deep learning is an important outcome of the higher education and is mostly determined by students' approaches to learning (SALs). The latest version of the Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is one of the most used instruments assessing SALs. Many studies from various contexts have either validated or used this famous tool. But none of them—to the best of our knowledge—stem from the Moroccan tertiary context. The current study fills this gap by first: Getting a local translation of the questionnaire following the standardized methodological process and secondly to update the validity and psychometric properties of the construct.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Arabic back translation was performed. Data were collected among tertiary scientific students. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach's coefficient alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out under SPSS version 22.

RESULTS:

A strong fit of the dichotomic construct (deep and surface) was found, whereas the hierarchical models were disappointing.

CONCLUSIONS:

Following the standards of the psychometrics' validation, this Arabic version could be used only in first-order factor model to evaluate the deep and surface approach within tertiary education in Moroccan context.
Psychological distress, perceived stress and nocebo effect (multifood adverse reaction) in irritable bowel syndrome patients
Authors: Nasiri-Dehsorkhi Hamid , Vaziri Shahram , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Adibi Peyman
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Psychological distress and perceived stress may complicate the clinical presentation, course, and treatment of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. The correlation between psychological distress, perceived stress, and the nocebo effect (multifood adverse reaction) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was the main aim of the present study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this cross-sectional correlation study, data on 4,763 Iranian adults, 748 of whom by purposive sampling were patients with IBS (65.1% female), working in 50 different health centers affiliated to the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences across Isfahan province were examined. For assessing dietary intake, a 106-item self-administered Dish-based Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire that was specifically designed and validated for Iranian adults was used. General Heath Questionnaire 12 and Stressful Life event Questionnaire were used to assess psychological distress and perceived stress. By using a modified Persian version of the Rome III questionnaire, IBS was assessed. Based on researcher-made definition of nocebo effect (multiitem food intolerance), 164 people had the nocebo phenomenon in IBS group.

RESULTS:

Age, sex, education, marital status, antidepressant use, and specifically chronic underlying disease (odds ratio [OR]: 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73-7.23) of general characteristics had a significant correlation (P <.05) with presenting nocebo responses in IBS patients. Psychological distress (OR: 1.415; 95% CI: 0.992-2.020; P = 0.056) had a significant correlation with nocebo effect and did not find significant correlation with perceived stress (OR: 0.999; 95% CI: 0.990-1.008; P = 0.865). Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, analysis of variance, and OR.

CONCLUSION:

The present study showed that psychological distress with chronic underlying disease and antidepressant use are important elements in presenting multifood adverse reactions that we named here as the nocebo effect in IBS patients. Reducing psychological distress and managing chronic underlying diseases appear to be an effective factor in reducing the nocebo phenomenon in IBS patients. For managing the nocebo responses in IBS patients, these findings may help clinicians to improve their interventions. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the need assessment tool for women survivors of rape: Protocol for a mixed methods study
Authors: Asadi Leila , Noroozi Mahnaz , Salimi Hajar , Mardani Fardin , Jambarsang Sara
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Rape can lead to various physical and psychological consequences. Thus, survivors should receive immediate interventions and need-based care. The present study aims to design and psychometric evaluation of needs in women survivors of rape.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This mixed methods study is conducted using a sequential exploratory approach. In the first phase, the participants (women survivors of rape and healthcare providers) are selected through purposive sampling in Isfahan. Data are collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and field notes and are analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. The draft of the questionnaire is prepared based on the findings of the qualitative phase and literature review. Then, the face validity, content validity, and reliability of the questionnaire are assessed. Construct validity is assessed using the exploratory factor analysis through a descriptive cross-sectional study on women survivors of rape in the quantitative phase. Using a convenience sampling method, the data are collected in the research environment and analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is used to assess the internal correlation of the questionnaire.

CONCLUSION:

The valid and reliable questionnaire that is developed in this study can be used by planners to provide services and care according to the needs of women survivors of rape.
Effect of applying the health promotion model in stunting prevention and behavior control in Indonesia
Authors: Soviyati Evi , Sulaeman Endang S. , Sugihardjo Ir. , Wiboworini Budiyanti
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children, due to chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the health promotion model in stunting prevention and control behavior.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional quantitative analytic study was conducted using a survey method involving 228 mothers of stunted children in Indonesia. Cluster random sampling was used. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale, and then, they were analyzed using univariate analysis, multiple linear regression, and pathway analysis to determine the direct and indirect effects.

RESULTS:

All respondents were of non-risk age (20–45 years), most had height >150 cm (83.8%), moderate weight (93.4%), multigravida parity (87.3%), middle education (70.2%), unemployed (91.7%), monthly income of less than 1,800,000 rupiahs (89.9%), and exclusive breastfeeding (97.4%). Sanitation, self-efficacy, and social support had a significant effect on stunting prevention and control behavior (P< 0.05). Socioeconomic and sanitation effects through self-efficacy indirectly had a significant positive, while parenting through food or nutritional intake had a significant influence on the stunting incidence (P< 0.05). Variables that had a significant positive effect on stunting prevention and behavior directly were perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived obstacles, self-efficacy, social support, community organizing, and facilitator (P< 0.05). Parenting through the health of diarrhea or acute respiratory infection (ARI) had no significant positive effect on the stunting incidence (P= 0.121).

CONCLUSION:

Almost all variables have a significant direct and indirect effect on stunting prevention and control behavior, as well as the stunting incidence, except parenting through the health of diarrhea or ARI.
Incidence of cervical collar-related pressure injury in patients with head and neck trauma: A scoping review study
Authors: Behnammoghadam Mohammad , Alimohammadi Nasrollah , Riazi Ali , Eghbali-Babadi Maryam , Rezvani Majid
Published: August 2023

The use of the cervical collar to support the head and neck is inevitable in many patients with head and spinal cord injuries. One of the consequences of using this instrument is the development of pressure injuries. Therefore, in this review study, the incidence of as well as the risk factors for cervical collar-related pressure injury in this group of patients was evaluated. The current study is a scoping review conducted in 2022. Five scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and CINAHL), as well as Google Scholar, were searched for relevant studies published from 1990 to 2022 using the following keywords: trauma, spinal cord injury, head injury, head trauma, collar, cervical collar, cervical immobilization, risk factors, incidence, pressure injury, pressure ulcer, and bed sore. The search was performed independently by two researchers. Articles from the initial search were first recorded in special tables, and then, were reviewed and analyzed separately by two researchers. After extraction, information from each article was entered into a special table categorized by year, country, study design, study population, the incidence of cervical collar-related pressure injury, risk factors for cervical collar-related pressure injury, and grades of pressure injury. Of the 10 articles, 6 were retrospective cohort studies, 3 were cross-sectional descriptive studies, and 1 was a case report study. In terms of the study population, one study was conducted on pediatric patients, one was conducted on elderly patients, and eight were conducted on adults with head and neck trauma. In eight articles, the incidence of cervical collar-related pressure injury was reported. The reported incidence varied between 1.1% and 78.4%. In eight articles, risk factors for cervical collar-related pressure injury were reported. The most common risk factors were duration of cervical collar use, hospitalization in intensive care units, low level of consciousness, and longer hospital stay. The current review study showed that a significant percentage of head and neck trauma patients for whom cervical collar is used suffer from different grades of pressure injuries. Hence, healthcare providers should consider this issue when caring for this group of patients and take the necessary preventive measures in this regard. It should be noted that previous studies in this field had significant limitations, and thereby, it is strongly recommended to conduct further studies with a stronger methodology.
International aspects in healthcare and medical education: Scientometric trends and knowledge maps before the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shomoossi Nematullah , Fiezabadi Mansoureh , Vaziri Esmaeil , Shabani Enayat A. , Amiri Mostafa
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Literature shows that healthcare and medical education are associated with the countries/institutes' developments, and reviewing the global patterns can shed light on various aspects of this competition. The study aims to investigate the current research aspects on the internationalization of healthcare and medical education and assess its trends worldwide.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this descriptive study, based on documents in Web of Science (n = 609), PubMed (n = 395), and Scopus (n = 6598), scientometric methods and knowledge visualization techniques were applied to evaluate global scientific production and trends from 1900 to 2020. Results were preprocessed in BibExcel (version 2016-02-20) to create a mapping file, and word co-occurrence analysis was applied to evaluate the publications. Scientific maps, authors' networks, and countries'/institutes' contributions were depicted using VOS (Visualization of Similarity) viewer and NetDraw. For trend analysis, highly frequent words were examined at intervals before 2000, 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015–2019.

RESULTS:

Altogether, 129 countries and 14536 (co)authors with 7007 affiliations contributed to the production of 6895 documents. Of the 2378 journals, the top 20 journals published 1298 (18.83%) articles. The top 20 authors together contributed to 247 papers (3.58%). High-income countries made up the most prolific nations. Also, institutes from North America, Europe, and Oceania pioneered production and cooperation. Highly co-occurring words were international cooperation, medical education, medical school, curriculum, medical research, and medical students.

CONCLUSION:

The countries/institutions' efforts in internationalizing healthcare and medical education are reflected in the publications in the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Thus, the findings offer evidence-based information about past and present trends and help researchers and policymakers understand their global impact.