bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
App-based training module on guiding physicians’ prescription for antibiotic treatment of gonorrhoea in China: a pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Ting-Ting , Zhang Xiao-Bin , Zhao Pei-Zhen , Fei Li-Juan , Chen Hui-Min , Yang Yun-Qing , Jia Man-Hong , Wang Cheng , Shen Yun-Liang , Xu Yu-Jun , Han Yan , Yin Yue-Ping , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

High prevalence of physicians’ non-adherence to treatment recommendations for gonorrhoea is a concern in China and poor awareness of treatment recommendations has been documented as one of reasons for the non-adherence.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the impact of an App-based training tool on improvement of adherence to treatment recommendations for gonorrhoea in China.

METHODS

We did a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Clusters were hospitals from four provinces in China. We randomly allocated each hospital to receive an App-based training module (ATM) or continue the routine of training (ROT). In ATM hospitals, physicians were offered a free App-based training through their smartphones for access to the training anytime (intervention) for 6 months. In ROT hospitals, physicians participated in any training programmes as they routinely did (control). The primary outcome was comparison of changes in adherence rate between ATM and ROT. The secondary outcome was reasons for physicians to explain their non-adherence.

RESULTS

Among 72 hospitals from the 4 provinces (18 hospitals of each province), 36 each received ATM and ROT, respectively. Over 6 months, the adherence rate increased from 53.6% to 54.8% in ATM group while the rate decreased from 43.9% to 42.5% in ROT. The difference (5.5%, 95% CI -7-18, P=0.37) in changes of the adherence rate between ATM and ROT was not statistically significant (risk ratio 1.12, 95% CI 0.93- 1.35, P=0.23). A major reason for physicians’ non-adherence to the treatment recommendations was a concern on adequacy of the recommended dosage of currently available generic format of ceftriaxone for treatment of gonorrhoea in China.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings indicate that sizeable improvement of adherence to the treatment recommendations through an App-based training tool might not be achievable over a 6-month period if concern on effectiveness of generic medicine still exits.

CLINICALTRIAL

https://www.chictr.org.cn/ ChiCTR2000029591

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037549
Effects of Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation Using Wearable Devices with and without Weekly Online Coaching in CAD Patients: A Randomized trial (Preprint)
Authors: Nishio Ryota , Dohi Tomotaka , Yokoyama Miho , Nakade Taisuke , Takahashi Norihito , Chikata Yuichi , Endo Hirohisa , Nishiyama Hiroki , Okai Iwao , Iwata Hiroshi , Okazaki Shinya , Miyauchi Katsumi , Daida Hiroyuki , Minamino Tohru
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases; however, the impact of remote CR with wearable devices and online coaching remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of interactive communication between healthcare providers and patients on exercise capacity.

OBJECTIVE

This randomised controlled trial enrolled 50 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a remote CR program (phase III). After baseline cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs), all patients were assigned a CPET-based home exercise program and were provided with a wearable device (Fitbit Sense) with real-time monitoring system (Recoval ©).

METHODS

The patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group with online coaching (OLC; n=25) or a control group (CON; n=25). The primary outcomes were changes in peak VO2 and anaerobic threshold (AT) VO2 at 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes were changes in CPET parameters, daily activity, anxiety levels, and health-related quality of life.

RESULTS

Peak VO2 and AT VO2 increased significantly from baseline to 12 weeks in the OLC (+1.6 mL/kg/min, p<0.001; +1.0 mL/kg/min, p=0.001) and CON (+0.6 mL/kg/min, p=0.008; +1.3 mL/kg/min, p=0.002) groups with no significant between-group differences (p=0.65; p=0.9). In the latter half of the intervention, the daily distance and highly active time in the OLC group were significantly increased compared with those in the CON group (all p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Exercise tolerance improves with appropriate exercise coaching and use of wearable devices in patients with CAD participating in remote CR programs. The benefits of online coaching using real-time monitoring may become more pronounced in the long term.

CLINICALTRIAL

UMIN 000047789
Systematic Review: Application of Artificial Intelligence in Cardio-Oncology Imaging for Cancer-Therapy Induced Cardiotoxicity (Preprint)
Authors: Mushcab Hayat , Al Ramis Mohammed , AlRujaib Abdulrahman , Eskandarani Rawan , Sunbul Tamara , AlOtaibi Anwar , Obaidan Mohammed , Al Harbi Reman , Aljabri Duaa
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a revolutionary upcoming tool yet to be fully integrated into several healthcare sectors, including medical imaging. AI can transform how medical imaging is conducted and interpreted, especially in cardio-oncology.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to systematically review the available literature on the use of AI in cardio-oncology imaging to predict cardiotoxicity and describe the possible improvement of different imaging modalities that can be achieved if AI is successfully deployed to routine practice.

METHODS

We conducted a database search in PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, CINHAL and Google Scholar from inception to 2023 using the AI research assistant tool (Elicit) to search for original studies reporting AI outcomes in adult patients diagnosed with any cancer and undergoing cardiotoxicity assessment. Outcomes included incidence of cardiotoxicity, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), risk factors associated with cardiotoxicity, heart failure, myocardial dysfunction, signs of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity, Echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Descriptive information about each study was recorded, including imaging technique, AI Model, outcomes, and limitations.

RESULTS

Seven studies conducted between 2018 and 2023 are included in this review. Most of these studies were conducted in the USA (71%), included breast cancer patients (86%), and used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the imaging modality (57%). The quality assessment of the studies had an average of 86% compliance in all of the tool's sections.

CONCLUSIONS

The review showed the potential of imaging-AI in improving clinical outcomes and early detection of cardiovascular occurrences in cancer patients undergoing treatment. As promising as these studies sound, further research is needed to validate the integration of AI into medical imaging and its deployment in routine practice.
Hubungan Komponen Destinasi Wisata dengan Tourist Attitude di Nepal Van Java, Magelang
Authors: Prasetyo Mila Yuliana
Published: July 2024

This study examined the relationship between visitor attitudes toward the destination in Nepal Van Java and the components of the tourism destination, such as attractions, accessibility, amenities, activities, and ancillary services. Quantitative research was implemented in conjunction with deductive reasoning. A total of 100 respondents served as samples. Additionally, the technical data analysis employed a correlation test performed with the assistance of SPSS software. The results of this study indicated that there was a correlation between visitor attitudes toward destinations and the components of tourism destinations. The tourism destination's most significant component was attraction, followed by activities, ancillary services, amenities, and accessibility. Despite the accessibility identification of "difficult," Nepal Van Java's attractiveness and the activities it provides for tourists continue to captivate them.
The Culture of Resource Production and the Production of Cultural Resources: A Preliminary Conceptual Reflection on Cultural Resource Management Pandemic Era
Authors: Ristiawan R. Rucitarahma
Published: July 2024

The majority of critical cultural tourism studies posit that commodification is a pragmatic process that detaches the essence of cultural property from its proprietors, even if there is no clear ontological demarcation in defining how something appears as culture and cultural resources. This paper aims to elucidate the potential re-conceptualization scheme of cultural resource management by analyzing the emergence of the cultural tourism crisis in the COVID-19 pandemic era through the adoption of the production of nature approach in the critical Marxist study. This paper commences with a preliminary explanation of the process by which cultures are perpetually produced and reproduced by society, thereby becoming a component of nature. This paper also considers the temporality and contextual dimension of cultural resources. Rather than introducing a novel concept for a new cultural tourism product, the current pandemic situation allows for a critical examination of the manner in which resources are being produced. This reflection can serve as a foundation for the continued advancement of cultural resource management practices.
Apakah Pariwisata Mempengaruhi Ketimpangan? Bukti dari Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Dzaky Muhammad , Nugroho Akbar Bagus
Published: July 2024

It was initially believed that tourism was a sector capable of reducing global inequality in numerous academic and practical discussions. Nevertheless, in the years that followed, a number of academics and scholars began to question the efficacy of tourism as a means of reducing regional inequality. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether tourism has the potential to alleviate or exacerbate inequality in a given region. The Yogyakarta Special Region Province serves as the focal point of this study. This study employs secondary data that is publicly accessible through the DIY Tourism Statistics page and the National Planning Agency (Bappenas). Income inequality, as denoted by the GINI index, serves as the dependent variable in this inquiry. The GINI index is a numerical value between 0 and 1, with 0 indicating an equal income distribution and 1 indicating ideal income inequality. The independent variable in this study is government revenue from the tourism sector (PP). This research indicates that the income of the tourism industry to the DIY government exacerbates the income distribution in DIY, particularly in the GINI index corridor.
Editorial
Authors: Sushartami Wiwik
Published: July 2024

Tourism has served as and remains a significant driver of national development in many countries. Adopting a critical perspective in the field of tourism studies towards this circumstance will be advantageous for both the tourism sector and academia.   The Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies contributes to the broader field of tourism studies, which aims to enhance the prosperity of the worldwide community. The current edition of the Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies contains the five articles listed below:An article on 'Delleng Degak', a tourism site in Sibagindar Village, Pakpak Bharat, North Sumatra.A study that examined the correlation between the components of the tourism destination, including attractions, accessibility, amenities, activities, and ancillary services, and visitor attitudes toward the destination in Nepal Van Java. An article that strives to clarify the potential re-conceptualization scheme of cultural resource management by analysing the emergence of the cultural tourism crisis in the COVID-19 pandemic era.A study that seeks to ascertain whether tourism has the potential to either alleviate or exacerbate inequality in the Yogyakarta Special Region Province. An article that attempts to shed light on the methods by which the 13 Lava Tour jeep communities in Umbulharjo Village were able to navigate, adapt to, and ultimately recuperate from job insecurity in the post-pandemic era.  The Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies aims to promote the growth of tourism studies in the framework of scientific production and benefit a wider range of practical areas of the tourism industry by allowing for more critical and in-depth discussion in each article.
Improving Marketing Skills Through Marketplace Platform Training for the Sunday Pahing Women's Group of Wotawati Village, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: NurSekti Marita , Maolan Muhammad , Noviana Dini , Fauziah Puji
Published: July 2024

In this evolving digitalization era, people are required to continue learning and be able to adapt to new environmental conditions, including business actors. The current digital era does not only touch education and communication, but also has a significant influence on product introduction and sales with fast and pragmatic approaches. MSME business actors in villages, for example, women's groups play an important role in the growth process of all sectors, one of which is the economic sector. To ensure the sustainability of MSMEs' potential to engage in the digitalization era, it is essential to offer support that enables women's groups to enhance their skills and self-reliance. The material presented to the target group covered the introduction of various marketplace platforms, product branding, and the use of one of the online marketplace Shopee. The activity was maximized by continuous assistance for women's groups to further explore the use of the marketplace Shopee.
Atraksi Jamu Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata pada Candi Borobudur, Kasultanan Yogyakarta, Kadipaten Pakualaman, dan Jamu Gingggang
Authors: Marsono Marsono , Irdana Nuryuda
Published: July 2024

Budaya minum jamu pada bangsa Indonesia, khususnya Jawa telah berlangsung sejak zaman kuna, yaitu sejak 3.000.000 – 1.000 tahun sebelum Masehi. Hidup nenek moyang Jawa waktu itu tergantung pada alam. Dalam menjaga kesehatannya, mereka memanfaatkan unsur alam yang terdapat dalam dunia flora dan fauna. Caranya unsur-unsur dari dunia flora tumbuh-tumbuhan dan fauna itu diambil, dimanfaatkan secara langsung untuk jamu.  Dokumen tertua menjaga kesehatan dengan minum jamu terdapat dalam relief Candi Borobudur, Magelang,Jawa Tengah. Candi ini dibangun pada abad ke-8 oleh Dinasti Sailendra, Kerajaan Mataram Kuna. Setelah mengenal huruf, ramuan jamu didokumentasikan dalam bentuk manuskrip, buku, dikerjakan secara intensif pada abad ke-18-19. Dokumen jamu di antaranya terdapat di Kasultanan Yogyakarta dan Kadipaten Pakualaman.  Bahkan usaha produksi jamu sekarang juga masih eksis, di antaranya oleh Jamu Ginggang, Pakualaman, Yogyakarta. Teori klasivikasi jamu  diterapkan  guna menganalis berbagai jenis ramuan jamu. Klasivikasi jamu, meliputi: jenis jamu, komposisi bahan, cara membuat, foto produk jamu,  khasiat, sampai  jamu siap minum diberdayakan sebagai atraksi daya tarik wisata. Analisis  komponen daya tarik wisata atas atraksi jamu tersebut  disertakan. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui: wawancara dengan nara sumber, pengamatan observasi langsung  di lapangan, dan studi pustaka.
Analysis of Sidoakur Tourism Village Development, Sleman Regency Using the Community-Based Tourism Concept
Authors: Semendawai Ahmad Syahrial
Published: July 2024

Special region of Yogyakarta has a diversity of objects as well as a variety and unique character. One of the tourism that is being intensively developed is a tourism village which is commanded by the local community or also called community-based tourism. Tourism Village is one of the means of solving the economic development of rural communities. However, in its development not all tourist villages can be successful, some have declined and even vacuumed.This study focuses on one of the tourism villages in Sleman Regency, namely Desa Wisata Sidoakur. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of the decline in activities and visits in terms of the dynamics of development and implementation of the principles of community-based tourism. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method with a geographical unit of analysis, namely Sidoakur Tourism Village. In this study, data were collected by means of observation, interviews and documentation. While the determination of informants using purposive and snowball techniques.The results of the study indicate the cause of the decline in tourism villages activities. The first factor is the difference in views between the new hamlet and the tourism village manager. Second, less transparent management has implications for decreasing community participation. Third, the absence of youth involvement in tourism management has an impact on the regeneration of tourism village managers.
Dampak Destinasi Wisata Nglinggo Tritis Kabupaten Kulon Progo terhadap Transformasi Perdesaan
Authors: Nugraha Indra Cahya , Prameswara Bangga , Sfarliana Frisda
Published: July 2024

Deagrarianization in Indonesia has been happening since the 1970's where the proportion of gross domestic product in agriculture has been surpassed by industry. Tourism is one of the non-agricultural sectors that can help rural communities who live around tourist destinations to diversify their occupation and improve their welfare. This case study was conducted in Nglinggo Tritis, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region by collecting primary data by interviewing tourist destination workers and secondary data in the form of statistics and information from online news which is described with qualitative approach. Results showed that the tourist destination impacts the economy of rural communities around the tourist destination by giving them a chance to work outside the agricultural sector.
Perencanaan Pengembangan Aset Fasilitas Taman Rekreasi Geopark Batu Mahpar Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Berdasarkan Konsep Geowisata
Authors: Dwiyanto Lutfi , Purwihartuti Koernia
Published: July 2024

The asset quality issues of the Batu Mahpar facility consist of: 1) There are no interpretation panels and miniature geological features, planting fields, foot-cleaning basins, life guard chairs, camp area dividers, five types of dining places, fire extinguishers, lighting, shopping facilities, car parking lots, bridges, information centers, and 2) The condition of facility assets includes physical outbound rides that are not suitable for operation, ten damaged photo spots, unclear designation of animal cages, trash bins are not differentiated by type, toilets in the waterfall area are dirty and not functioning, and the location of the activation counter is not strategic. The research objective was to plan the development of Batu Mahpar facility assets based on the geotourism concept. The research method is descriptive with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation. The results are development plan for 15 indicators of Batu Mahpar facility assets as follows: 1) Physical includes the construction of miniature Batu Mahpar, outbound rides, planting land, rental counters, foot-cleaning basins, and animal cages, procurement of interpretation panels, plant vegetation, life guard chairs, giant sliders, photo spots; 2) Accommodation includes the construction of halls, warehouses, and culinary kiosks, procurement of camp area dividers, food corner booths, supporting equipment; 3) Support facilities include the construction of viewing towers, visitor needs kiosks, souvenir kiosks, toilets, parking lots, and bridges, procurement of fire extinguishers, trash cans, supporting equipment; 4) Tourism support facilities include the construction of information centers and activation counters and procurement of equipment and furniture.
Increase Tourism Attraction in Kota Lama Semarang: Potential Aspect and Development Strategy
Authors: Aulia Wahyu Mafatikhul
Published: July 2024

Semarang Old City is a Dutch heritage city with a European style architecture and a historical part of Semarang city. Experiencing a decline in the value of city functions is caused: Lack of government attention, ownership status, switching of building functions, and natural factors. Kota Lama has the potential to be a tourist destination, it takes a strategy of amenities development and marketing. This research aims to find out the potential of The Old City as a tourist destination, development strategies to be carried out as well as preservation efforts. This research was conducted by qualitative method conducted in the old City area. Data collection techniques are carried out with observation, interview and document study. Based on the results of data collection can be concluded that: (1) Kota Lama is very potentially a heritage tourism destination, (2) it needs a strategy of development of amenities and marketing, (3) Preservation efforts are carried out, thus becoming a tourist attraction that impacts on social, economic and environmental life.
ASEAN Countries Strategies in Developing Tourism Post Covid-19 Vaccination
Authors: Salam Usmar
Published: July 2024

This research aims to implement vaccination in order to encourage tourism growth in ASEAN. The relationship between vaccination and tourism growth, especially in ASEAN countries, is very important. This research focuses on Indonesia, Singapore, Malayasia and Vietnam which have reopened their borders to stimulate the tourism sector. This research uses qualitative research methods to look specifically at each country's policies regarding vaccination. The result of this research is that ASEAN governments are slowly easing it to save their tourism industry. At the regional level, the ASEAN Tourism Ministers' Meeting resulted in cooperation in operating the ASEAN Tourism Crisis Communication Team (ATCCT). From this meeting, it is hoped that in the future ASEAN countries will collaborate and have an integrated policy in the tourism sector, especially after the pandemic, considering that ASEAN is very dependent on tourism as one of the main sources of income.
On the Application of Code-switching Strategy in Business English Teaching Under the Construction of “New Liberal Arts”
Authors: Ren Qing
Published: July 2024

In English teaching classrooms, code switching is becoming a common phenomenon and as a teaching strategy it has been widely used by teachers in China. Under the background of construction of “New Liberal Arts”, this paper sets out to investigate teachers’ code-switching strategy in ESP (English for Special Purposes) teaching, especially in business English teaching classrooms. It is found that conscious and necessary code-switching in ESP teaching classrooms can make teaching more efficient, and its functions and positive effects on bilingual teaching should not be underestimated. It is hoped that this study can provide some suggestion to ESP teaching and help enhance an effective teaching mode by using code-switching strategy and suggest that teachers should be aware of this teaching tactic and use it technically in their teaching process.
Good Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill codes from the NTRU cryptosystem
Authors: Conrad Jonathan , Eisert Jens , Seifert Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2024

We introduce a new class of random Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes derived from the cryptanalysis of the so-called NTRU cryptosystem. The derived codes are good in that they exhibit constant rate and average distance scaling Δ∝n with high probability, where n is the number of bosonic modes, which is a distance scaling equivalent to that of a GKP code obtained by concatenating single mode GKP codes into a qubit-quantum error correcting code with linear distance. The derived class of NTRU-GKP codes has the additional property that decoding for a stochastic displacement noise model is equivalent to decrypting the NTRU cryptosystem, such that every random instance of the code naturally comes with an efficient decoder. This construction highlights how the GKP code bridges aspects of classical error correction, quantum error correction as well as post-quantum cryptography. We underscore this connection by discussing the computational hardness of decoding GKP codes and propose, as a new application, a simple public key quantum communication protocol with security inherited from the NTRU cryptosystem.
THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF SEURUMBEK RECITATION IN THE KEUNDURI BLANG TRADITION: STUDY OF LIVING QUR'AN IN PIDIE, ACEH, INDONESIA
Authors: Bahri Samsul , Simangunsong Ali Abdurahman , Abraar Muhammad Nuzul , Shaleh Abdul Rahman
Published: July 2024

The seurumbek, a mushaf manuscript by Tgk. Chik Dipasi, is highly revered and considered sacred by the community of Waido. The presence and recitation of seurumbek hold great significance in the keunduri blang tradition in Waido, setting it apart from other regions in Aceh. This research aims to explore the description of the implementation of seurumbek recitation and delve deeper into the symbolic meanings created within this tradition. The study employs a qualitative approach as part of field research, utilizing observation, interviews, and direct documentation techniques presented descriptively. The research is conducted in Waido, Pidie Regency, Aceh. The findings reveal that the seurumbek recitation occupies a central position in the keunduri blang tradition, evident from the special treatment it receives, both in storage and during the recitation process. Seurumbek recitation also creates complex symbols reflecting the relationship between humans and God, ancestors, others, and oneself. This practice serves as a mediator to draw closer to Allah, with symbolic actions such as shading, kissing, and showing respect for seurumbek reflecting reverence for Tgk. Chik Dipasi. Seurumbek recitation also symbolizes social relationships by strengthening Islamic brotherhood in the community. Additionally, it brings tranquility, patience, and sincerity as symbols of an individual's relationship with oneself.
Κυρία ἐκκλησία in Aristophanes’ The Acharnians
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarov Igor A. ,   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the problem of interpreting the term κυρία ἔκκκλησία in a passage in Aristophanes’ The Acharnians (v. 19) in comparison with the evidence of the Aristotelian Athenaion politeia (ch. 43) and Athenian epigraphic sources of the classical period. The author presents arguments for the reliability of the ancient tradition reflected in the scholia to The Acharnians (Schol. Acharn. 19). He criticizes the opinion according to which the terminological use of the expression κυρία ἐκκλησία in Athens during Aristophanes’ time cannot be proved. Against it stands the evidence of the Athenian decree IG I3 49 (440–432 BC), where the prytanes are ordered to act at the nearest of the meetings of the Assembly, which are called κύριαι. The meaning of the term in Aristophanes does not coincide with that of the Athenaion politeia: the four meetings system with one “chief ekklesia” described by Aristotle appeared in Athens not earlier than the 340s BC. It was preceded by another model reflected in Schol. Acharn. 19. This conclusion is supported by the testimonies of orators. In particular, Aeschines (2.72; 343 BC), clearly distinguishes between two types of meetings: αἱ τεταγμέναι ἐκ τῶν νόμων and σύγκλητοι, and Demosthenes, in his speech “Against Timocrates” (24.21; 354/353 or 353/352 B. C.), quotes an Athenian law which refers to the three meetings during the prytany. Before the introduction of the new system, the term κυρία ἔκκλησία in Athens served to denote the regular meetings of the Athenian Assembly. It is in this meaning that it is used in The Acharnians.
The value of a human life in ancient Egyptian religion at the turn of the 3rd–2nd millennia BC
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Demidchik Arkadiy E. ,   Novosibirsk National Research State University
Published: July 2024

The author explores the ancient Egyptian religion’s perspective on value of a human life during the latter part of the Old Kingdom, the First Intermediate Period, and the Middle Kingdom.Polytheistic ritualistic “communal” religions, where ethics did not play a significant role, are typical for the epoch of early antiquity, and the Egyptian views discussed in the article mostly align with this context. It was believed that the gods were concerned about the Egyptian people’s safety and well-being primarily because these were indispensable preconditions for abundant provisions and seamless performance of divine cults. Created ultimately to produce and offer sacrificial gifts to the gods, the Egyptians were kind of their “flock”, “the gods’ (little) livestock”. However, the gods were thought to have little involvement in the individual lives of the king’s subjects: their benevolent attention was focused on the pharaoh, who personified the state. Since the king formally was the sole authorized performer of liturgical rituals, Egyptian religion had a pronounced communal nature that hindered the development of the concept of a man’s enduring personal connection with a deity. Within this framework, moral excellence was deemed essential for an individual to gain favor with the ruler, whereas divine recompence during one’s lifetime for piety and virtue was deemed hardly predictable.
“The blow from the plough” (Philostr. Gymn. 20; Paus. VI.10.1–2)
Authors:   HSE University, Ermakova Liya L.
Published: July 2024

In the Gymnasticus, ascribed to Flavius Philostratus, there are five anecdotes about trainers who helped their athletes by various means to win at Olympia (Gymn. 20–24). None of these stories, except the one about the renowned boxer Glaucus of Carystus, is attested elsewhere. Glaucus’ trainer Tisias encouraged him by shouting τὰν ἀπ’ ἀρότρου πλῆξαι which meant ‘right-handed punch’ because his right hand was so strong that he once straightened a ploughshare with it. Pausanias, however, attributes the exhortation (ὦ παῖ τὴν ἀπ’ ἀρότρου) to Glaucus’ father Demylus and renders the story differently: Demylus takes his young son to Olympia after having watched him attach a ploughshare to a plough with his bare hands. The author of the present article proposes how to interpret this exhortation. The problem of interpretation has been solved differently as we may see in the translations of Pausanias’ work into Latin and modern languages; it has also resulted in a variant reading ἐπ(ί) instead of ἀπ(ό) in the Suda lexicon, where the Pausanias text is cited with minor changes. Since Philostratus’ aim was to praise the wisdom of trainers, it is not improbable that he slightly changed the story and that the Pausanias version is the original one. In this case, the two parts of the anecdote are logically connected and the ellipsis might be filled with the word “ploughshare” (ὕνιν) which is present in both variants of the anecdote
Pers. 3.39–43 and the Phalaris legend
Authors:   Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran), Zeltchenko Vsevolod V.
Published: July 2024

Discussing how the reproaches of a guilty conscience haunt a man who has not lost the understanding of true virtue despite having fallen from its path, Persius (3.39–43) alludes to two well-known examples associated with Phalaris and Dionysius/Damocles: if Jupiter wanted to punish cruel tyrants with mental anguish, the sufferings of (a) one who is roasted in a copper bull, or (b) one over whose head a sword hangs, would seem trifling to them. The traditional explanation of these lines suggests several strong logical ‘leaps’, rightly recognized (but justified with some difficulty) by N. Rudd and R. A. Harvey. The remorse of tyrants is compared to the physical suffering of their victims, not their own; at the same time, for the sake of the balance between the two exempla, the story of Damocles is forcibly interpreted as an elaborate torture inflicted on him by Dionysius, moving away from the interpretation that Cicero and Horace give to the episode with the sword (Dionysius demonstrates to his subject what life is like for a despot who constantly fears an assassination attempt). Meanwhile, it seems possible to restore coherence to Persius’ thought by suggesting that v. 39 refers to a version of the Phalaris legend according to which the rebellious citizens of Agrigentum burned the tyrant in the same copper bull in which he burned others (cf. first of all Ovid Ibis 439–440, a passage close to Persius also lexically). In this interpretation, the punishment for tyrants’ crimes is either talionic revenge (Phalaris) or the constant fear of retribution which poisons their life (for it is Dionysius, not Damocles, who is the protagonist of vv. 40–41); but the virtual torment of remorse can be more painful than both.
Britannia as the edge of the world in classical literature
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Danilochkina Kseniya S.
Published: July 2024

For a long time Britain remained one of the uncharted lands of the ancient world. Its remote location largely determined the history of the development of the region itself as well as the attitudes toward it in the classical literary tradition. The lack of established contacts led to a situation when almost nothing was known about it until Caesar’s campaigns in the 1st century BC. However, even after that descriptions of the new province largely corresponded to ancient stereotypes about everything new and unknown. One of the main goals of this paper is to examine and analyze how the perception of the island as the edge of the world was formed, in what situations this image was used, and how it was supposed to influence readers’ attitude towards these territories. It is also an attempt to trace how this perception changed with the development of the quantity and quality of contacts between the island and the mainland, as well as with the expansion of the borders of the empire as a whole. Particular attention is paid to how this image relates to the unknown, and how it transforms or changes its boundaries along with changes in the immediate boundaries of the state.
Image of Hercules by Dracontius: On political interpretation of mythological poems (Romulea 2 & 4)
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Nikolskiy Ivan M.
Published: July 2024

This paper deals with the problem of political interpretation of the works of Dracontius, a Roman poet of the late 5th century from Carthage. The thesis about the socio-political background of his poems has become increasingly widespread in recent years. The grounds for this are provided by numerous references in his works to contemporary events: the formation of the Vandal kingdom in North Africa, formerly Roman, and the parallel conflict between the old and the new elites. Nevertheless, the author’s view of this conflict and his assessment of its sides remain a matter of debate. The key to solving it largely lies in a proper understanding of the author’s sympathies and antipathies towards his own characters, borrowed from traditional ancient mythological plots, whose behaviour appears to be a projection onto contemporary events. One such character is Hercules. He appears in two poems at once, Romulea 2 and 4. His image in them breaks many stereotypical ideas about the brutal and tragic nature of this hero; the present article is an attempt to provide an explanation for this. I aim to prove that Hercules is represented as an ambivalent model: on the one hand, he is the embodiment of the Roman side in the Roman-Vandal confrontation for a Roman audience, and on the other hand, he is the model of correct behaviour in conflict in principle. In the latter sense the didactic pathos associated with him could also be addressed to Vandals
Greek tragedians in ancient and medieval Armenia
Authors:   Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran), Muradyan Goar Sarkisovna
Published: July 2024

1. А Greek inscription found in Armavir (Armenia) written probably in the 2nd c. BC in a script close to papyrus cursive, contains a fragment from a tragedy similar in style to Euripides. 2. Plutarch writes that the Armenian king Artavazd (Artavasdes) II (55–34 BC) wrote tragedies. He also tells that after the battle of Carrhae in 53 BC Crassus was beheaded and his head was taken to Armenia and cast into the hall, as the head of Pentheus, where, at the court of Artavazd, a tragic actor was singing a part of the Bacchae of Euripides. 3. The plot of Euripides’ lost tragedy The Daughters of Pelias is the subject matter of one of the “refutation” exercises (ἀνασκευή) in the old Armenian rhetorical handbook Book of Chreia — in part a translation from the second half of the 5th c., based օn the Progymnasmata of Aphthonius of Antioch (late 4th c.). 4. The Art of Grammar by Dionysius Thrax was translated into Armenian in the 2nd half of the 5th c. Between the 6th and 17th centuries, about a dozen of Armenian commentaries on this work were written. The commentators mention the connection of tragedy with Dionysus, the inventor of wine, the iambic meter characteristic of tragedy, and that the word itself means “goat-song”. 5. While there was a noticeable interest in Greek theatre during the Hellenistic period of pre-Christian Armenia, there are few medieval testimonies regarding this matter in medieval times. The learned author Grigor Magistros (11th c.) is an exception: he mentions Euripides several times.
The myth of Narcissus: Metamorphoses of medieval commentary
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Science, Staf Irina K.
Published: July 2024

This article traces two types of commentaries on the myth of Narcissus (Ovid, The Metamorphoses, III), which existed in the Middle Ages in French literature in the vernacular — the courtly and the moral and allegorical. The first type of commentary is represented by individual works in which this myth is mentioned (“The Lay of Narcissus”, “The Romance of the Rose”, “The Book of Love Chess” by Evrart de Conty). In these, Ovid’s personage is treated as a violator of Amor’s laws; consequently, he takes on the traits of the “Belle Dame sans merci”. Commentaries of the second kind, such as the poetic and prose versions of “Moralized Ovid” (Ovide moralisé), interpret the figure of Narcissus as the embodiment of the Christian sin of pride, and of Echo as the good name disregarded by the proud man. This second type of commentary fragments the text of the “Metamorphoses” into separate stories and personages, each with its own allegorical meaning. The figure of Narcissus and the story of his death becomes a didactic exemplum that can be used in a sermon. In addition, by the early 15th century, such commentaries had been adopted into treatises on poetry (seconde rhétorique) and poetics (poetria, poetic fiction). In them, Narcissus becomes a rhetorical figure destined to create poetic works of high style. The logical conclusion of this process of fragmentation, which is also embodied in the miniatures of illuminated manuscripts, is the appearance in the 16th century of a new form which Ovid’s poem takes, the form of a collection of emblems.
Armenian trace of a European legend
Authors:   Manook Abeghyan Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Bedzhanyan Kristina G. , Karagezyan Goar L.
Published: July 2024

The legend of the Tatar Khan and the daughter of the Armenian king, who gave birth to a monster which, as a result of baptism, turned into a beautiful baby, an event that prompted the khan to accept Christianity along with his people, was included in the narratives of many European chroniclers and historians. This legend formed the basis of the well-known English chivalric novel “King of Tars” that was compiled around 1330. The plot of the legend is mainly composed of the same elements. However, in some chronicles and annals, as well as in the mentioned novel, their ratio and combination changes, and sometimes one of the storylines falls out, or one character is replaced by another. Often there are some increments to the plot, such as: the capture of Jerusalem by the Tatar Khan, the expulsion of the Saracens from Jerusalem, the seizure of Aleppo, Damascus and other cities by the united troops of the Tatars, the kings of Armenia and Georgia. As for the Armenian trace of this legend in the European historical and literary tradition, clear parallels can be found between the plots of the first branch of “David of Sassoun” and the legends circulating in the West regarding the story of the daughter of the Armenian king, who got married to a non-Christian. This article reveals these parallels, as well as the traces that are similar in Old Russian tales.
The blindness of mind and eyes in Sophocles’ Theban Tragedies and Shakespeare’s King Lear: Oedipus, Lear, and Gloucester
Authors:   Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran), Topchyan Aram S.
Published: July 2024

Similarities between Sophocles’ Oedipus and Shakespeare’s Lear were first noticed decades ago. Scholars called attention to the episodes in which both kings repel truthtellers (e. g., Tiresias and Kent); Oedipus’ two sons and Lear’s two daughters are killed; Oedipus laments over his wife and mother, the dead Jocasta, and Lear weeps over his daughter, the dead Cordelia; Creon enters with Antigone’s corpse and Lear with Cordelia’s corpse; the blind Oedipus is led by Antigone and the blind Gloucester by Edgar; etc. A few years ago (2019) an entire collection of articles was published on the parallels between Oedipus at Colonus and King Lear. Although in this collection the similarities between the two plays are analyzed from different points of view, no special attention has been paid to the metaphorical meaning of blindness of mind and eyes, an aspect about which the author of this article first wrote in 2015 and discusses it in more detail in this paper. “It is better to be blind in the eye than blind in the mind”: this saying of the 5th century Armenian historiographer Yeghishē, found in other ancient sources as well, perfectly fits the dramatic story of Oedipus, who in his turn has well-known counterparts in Shakespeare’s King Lear, namely Lear and Gloucester. This paper focuses on an interesting parallel between these three characters, namely, the painful, tragic way by which they acquire wisdom (in the case of Oedipus, prophetic wisdom) through blindness.
Descripti on of a priest through the centuries: One historiographical case
Authors:   St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University for the Humanities, Antonov Nikolay K.
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with K. Ullmann’s interpretation of St Gregory the Theologian’s (c. 330–390) conception of priesthood, presented in his monograph (1825). A fragment of this work underwent significant transformation when translated into Russian (1869). The article seeks to establish what meanings were conveyed unaltered, and what was considerably changed during the process of communication between the Greek and the German authors, and from the latter to the Russian translator. A comparison of these three texts is made using the methodology of Quentin Skinner. After examining the categorical apparatus of the 4th and 19th century texts with regard to their content, their outward connection (quotations and common themes) proves to be illusory, so that we can say that the hermeneutic of those who studied St Gregory’s texts was not entirely correct. With regard to the illocutionary act (i. e., the intention of the authors in a communicative situation) of these texts, we see an astonishing unanimity: they all aim not to inform the reader of the standards of priestly ministry, but to change the inner attitude of the reader towards it. Paradoxically, rather than interpret St Gregory the Theologian’s texts, 19th century authors reproduce his intention, which turned out to be important even for the functionalizing thought of modernity.
Analisis Posisi Penonton Wanita dalam Filem Arahan Pengarah Wanita Indonesia Analysis of the Position of Female Viewers in Films Directed by Indonesian Female Directors
Authors: Wahyuni Putri , Adnan Hamedi Mohd , Shamshudeen Rosya Izyanie
Published: July 2024

Munculnya wanita sebagai pengarah filem diharapkan dapat mewacanakan wanita sebenarnya ada dalam masyarakat. Ini disebabkan pengarah wanita dianggap tahu benar apa yang dirasakan oleh wanita berbanding pengarah lelaki. Kajian ini menekankan pandangan Sellnow (2017) bahawa salah satu bahagian yang paling penting dalam mengkaji wanita dalam filem adalah apakah wanita yang diwacanakan dalam filem sesuai atau tidak seperti yang diinginkan oleh penonton wanita. Kajian ini berusaha mengkaji posisi penonton wanita dan kesesuaian wacana wanita dalam filem Indonesia melalui teknik analisis kritis wacana feminis Sara Mills (1994). Penyelidik menjalankan temu bual kumpulan secara talian kepada lima pelajar wanita sarjana muda universiti di Indonesia. Didapati bahawa informan wanita merasa berada dalam posisi pelakon utama wanita kerana wacana wanita yang ditampilkan dalam filem sesuai dengan dengan keadaan sebenar wanita dalam masyarakat.
Advokasi Media: Analisis Liputan Berita Harian Online Terhadap Isu Berkaitan Orang Kurang Upaya di Malaysia (2014-2020) Media Advocacy: Analysis of Berita Harian Online’s Coverage on Issues of Persons with Disabilities in Malaysia (2014-2020)
Authors: Mohamad Noor Mohamad Muzammil
Published: July 2024

Komuniti Orang Kurang Upaya (OKU) sering mendapat perhatian oleh pengamal media komunikasi massa di Malaysia. Misalnya, akhbar Berita Harian Online memaparkan isu-isu komuniti ini yang ditonjolkan oleh masyarakat, aktivis sosial, pegawai kerajaan dan ahli politik. Isu-isu utama komuniti OKU yang mendapat perhatian akhbar ini adalah seperti penyalahgunaan penyediaan kemudahan akses kepada komuniti OKU, peluang pekerjaan, huluran bantuan, gangguan seksual serta peluang pendidikan dan kemahiran OKU. Artikel ini bertujuan memaparkan laporan wartawan Berita Harian Online sebagai media komunikasi massa yang menyalurkan pelbagai maklumat dan peranan melalui isu-isu tentang komuniti OKU mendapat perhatian ahli politik, kerajaan Malaysia dan masyarakat. Kaedah kualitatif yang digunapakai ialah paparan berita semasa serta penulisan wartawan dan rencana penulis bebas yang mengemukakan isu-isu OKU serta diterbitkan dalam Berita Harian Online dari tahun 2014 hingga 2020. Hasil dapatan daripada penulisan ini telah mengesani sejauh mana isu-isu komuniti OKU yang dikemukakan oleh Berita Harian Online memberi impak kepada kerajaan, jabatan yang bertanggungjawab, persatuan OKU dan badan bukan kerajaan untuk menambaikbaikan keperluan dan hak-hak komuniti OKU setelah mendengar luahan dan keperluan mereka. Beberapa isu yang terdapat dalam akhbar ini telah mendapat perhatian kerajaan pemerintah seperti bantuan kemudahan, potensi pendidikan dan mempertingkatkan kemudahan akses yang sempurna kepada komuniti OKU di tempat awam.
Promoción de la Educación Física en la etapa de preescolar para el desarrollo integral de la niñez
Authors: Anchía-Umaña Irina
Published: July 2024

En el ensayo se aborda la importancia de la Educación Física en la educación preescolar, enfatizando su papel en el desarrollo integral de las personas infantes. Se recalca la obligatoriedad de la Educación Física de acuerdo con la Ley 7800 en Costa Rica, así como el requerimiento de contar con personal docente especializado para impartir esta asignatura.  También se discuten los beneficios de esta en la infancia, incluyendo el desarrollo de destrezas motoras, cognitivas y sociales, y se hace un llamado a prestar más atención a esta área a nivel de preescolar para fomentar hábitos saludables desde temprana edad. Además, se menciona que la falta de actividad física en la niñez puede tener consecuencias negativas en la salud a largo plazo, por lo que se recomienda contar con infraestructura adecuada para impartirla en preescolar. Así mismo, se destaca la importancia de contar con profesorado capacitado para promover un desarrollo óptimo en la infancia, dado que la Educación Física en esta etapa es crucial para el desarrollo motor, cognitivo, social y emocional. Se concluye que la Educación Física en la edad preescolar es importante para el desarrollo integral de la niñez, promoviendo hábitos saludables y contribuyendo a su bienestar a lo largo de su vida.