bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contratación “on line” de servicios turísticos y paquetes dinámicos de turismo
Authors: Asensi Meras Altea
Published: December 2016

La implementación de las nuevas  tecnologías o TIC’s en el sector turístico se ha visto favorecida, en los últimos años, por las posibilidades que Internet ofrece de poder comprobar instantáneamente la existencia real del proveedor del servicio, la veracidad del servicio prestado o las condiciones en que se presta. El aumento de la contratación electrónica de servicios turísticos exige que los proveedores de estos servicios y los turistas tengan en cuenta las diferentes normas jurídicas que resultan de aplicación en el ámbito de  los servicios de la sociedad de la información, principalmente, la Ley 34/2002, de 11 de julio, de  Servicios de la Sociedad de la Información y de Comercio Electrónico (LSSI), las normas reguladoras del consumo. Por otra parte, la nueva Directiva 2015/2302 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 25 de noviembre de 2015, relativa a los viajes combinados y a los servicios de viaje vinculados ofrece una nueva regulación aplicable a los viajes combinados y a los denominados “servicios de viaje combinado” que resultan de aplicación a las nuevas formas de contratación on line de servicios turísticos.
El Campo Turístico de la ciudad de Quito (Ecuador): un análisis del capital de sus agentes y de la (posible) acción colectiva sobre las políticas de turismo como objeto de disputa
Authors: Bifano de Oliveira Marcela Costa , Pimentel Thiago Duarte
Published: December 2016

El artículo objetiva identificar quién son los actores que componen el campo turístico de Quito y cómo ellos se articulan para generar políticas públicas de turismo (PPT). Se recurre al abordaje teórico de los campos sociales de Pierre Bourdieu para tratar del problema de la acción colectiva en lo que se considera empíricamente un campo social: el del turismo. Metodológicamente, utilizamos diferentes técnicas de investigación complementares identificando y analizando los mecanismos que estructuran la acción de los actores. La hipótesis es que la construcción de las PPT y los factores que interfieren en su formulación e implementación no tienen un carácter público, sino de intereses particulares. Como conclusión, podemos afirmar que el proceso de PPT está centralizado de arriba hacia abajo y orientada por el Estado con casi ninguna intervención de los otros agentes, lo que conduce, en parte, a las dificultades para ser legitimado y empíricamente puesto en práctica.
Redes sociales virtuales en la comunicación corporativa del IBEX 35: usos, desarrollo e importancia según sus responsables
Authors: Durántez Stolle Patricia
Published: December 2016

Los medios sociales ofrecen una oportunidad para la comunicación corporativa en el contexto de la Web 2.0, donde la imagen y reputación se ven afectadas por las conversaciones de las comunidades digitales. Las investigaciones previas sobre esta cuestión, basadas en análisis de contenido, señalan el interés de las empresas por tener presencia corporativa en redes sociales, pero destacan la falta de aprovechamiento de las posibilidades interactivas y dialógicas. El propósito de este artículo consiste en mostrar, mediante una encuesta, la opinión de los departamentos de comunicación de las grandes empresas españolas sobre las redes sociales. Los objetivos incluyen conocer los perfiles profesionales responsables de la planificación y gestión de la presencia corporativa en redes, comprender sus usos e importancia y observar cómo responden ante la posibilidad de establecer relaciones dialógicas con sus públicos. Los resultados muestran que las empresas del IBEX 35 consideran fundamentales sus perfiles corporativos en redes sociales, su actualización frecuente y gestión profesionalizada. Además, entienden su carácter conversacional, sin embargo, los emplean principalmente para informar. Así, se observa la falta de coherencia entre la comprensión del contexto dialógico, la importancia concedida a las redes sociales y los usos informativos que priman en la mayoría de casos.
Smartphones y aprendizaje: el uso de Kahoot en el aula universitaria
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Leticia
Published: December 2016

El presente estudio aborda la utilización de Kahoot en el aula universitaria, analizando su uso en dos asignaturas análogas del Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas (Universidad Antonio Nebrija) durante el curso académico 2015-2016. Para el mismo, se empleó una metodología empírica-analítica utilizando la herramienta en los dos grupos, con frecuencias y repeticiones distintas, y se realizó una encuesta final al alumnado para conocer su percepción. Los resultados arrojan que Kahoot es altamente valorado por el alumnado, que lo percibe como una herramienta para mejorar el aprendizaje e incrementar la competencia en el aula. Se confirmó además, que la repetición y frecuencia de utilización de la aplicación contribuye directamente en la efectividad del mismo. No obstante, los resultados de aprendizaje, contrastados a través de la inclusión de preguntas de Kahoot en los exámenes parcial y final, son inferiores a los esperados inicialmente. En resumen, Kahoot es una buena aplicación para incrementar la asistencia y participación del alumno, utilizando el smartphone como aliado, e incentivando el aprendizaje de manera participativa en el aula.
Technological innovation and convergent journalism Case study on the transformation process of Bavaria’s public broadcasting service
Authors: Meier Klaus , Bracker Isabel , Verhovnik Melanie
Published: December 2016

As a consequence of technological innovations and their social utilisation, media organisations and newsrooms are undergoing a fundamental transformation process. This article analyses the interrelations between technological innovations and the challenges of convergent journalism. Studies conducted on newsroom convergence to date set out from one-sided influences: They investigated the extent to which technical innovations determine the newsrooms, or whether journalistic structures and long-range trends are so strong as to largely obstruct the adoption of new technologies in journalism. Therefore technology — especially in studies carried out on newsroom convergence — is considered as an influencing factor on somehow resisting or non-resisting newsrooms. We broaden the scope of this investigation by considering that any such influence might not come exclusively from technology, but that impulses can come also from innovative newsrooms: technological gaps, wishes and obstacles are identified from the journalist's viewpoint and brought to the attention of the developers of newsroom technologies — on the basis of empirical research findings from a case study of Bavaria’s public broadcasting service, Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR). With its 5.000 employees, BR is one of Germany's largest media organisations. It is undergoing a fundamental and long-term convergence process. A variety of gaps, problems and wishes came to light from 25 in-depth interviews with journalists working on innovative projects. For example, criticism is expressed of complicated, partly unknown or non-existent networking of cross-media production systems. There is a desire for the increased use of consumer devices like smartphones in professional news production. There exists a creative potential for innovative solutions, but these are not comprehensively evaluated. To date, there has been no systematic implementation of the findings of innovative media projects in everyday journalistic practice.
Metaanálisis del consumo digital en el ecosistema mediático contemporáneo: factores distintivos e implicaciones emocionales
Authors: Serrano-Puche Javier
Published: December 2016

Dos de los elementos característicos de la sociedad contemporánea son la sobreabundancia de información y la velocidad de las comunicaciones, desarrolladas en un escenario marcado por la hiperconectividad de las personas. Este uso intensivo de la tecnología despierta emociones en los usuarios y sirve además como cauce para la expresión de sus afectos. Con todo ello, el objetivo de este artículo de corte teórico es doble. Por un lado, identificar y presentar los rasgos distintivos del consumo digital en el ecosistema mediático actual. Por otro, describir las implicaciones que dicho consumo tiene en la dimensión emocional de las personas. Entre las conclusiones aportadas se destaca la conveniencia de que el usuario digital desarrolle un consumo mediático crítico y consciente, al que va asociado una necesaria gestión de las emociones.
Estrategias de gestión del valor de marca de las cabeceras de prensa españolas a través de sus extensiones digitales
Authors: Victoria-Mas María , Lacasa-Mas Iván
Published: December 2016

Las marcas periodísticas encuentran en las plataformas digitales una gran oportunidad de mantener y aumentar el valor que tienen. Solo una minoría de empresas informativas tradicionales ha desarrollado estrategias de gestión de ese valor. Cuando las extensiones digitales no son coherentes con las marcas madre, pueden diluir su imagen y acabar siendo contraproducentes. Este artículo explora hasta qué punto las marcas de prensa utilizan sus extensiones digitales para aumentar su valor y cómo comunican su marca a través de ellas. La metodología escogida para ello es el análisis de contenidos de las ediciones online y de los perfiles en redes sociales de las 44 cabeceras más leídas en España. Los resultados indican que esas marcas no han explotado aún todo el potencial que las plataformas online tienen para ganar valor. Realizan solo una comunicación parcial de sí mismas y no han llevado a cabo algunas de las acciones que se consideran prioritarias en la gestión estratégica de la marca, tales como la definición de la identidad y la concreción de la misión. La discusión de los resultados permite proponer algunas estrategias de creación de valor de marca en las empresas informativas.
Futuro de la televisión pública nacional y autonómica en España. Propuestas de los partidos políticos en las elecciones de 2015 y 2016
Authors: Caffarel-Serra Carmen , García-de-Castro Mario
Published: December 2016

La segmentación del panorama político español y la desaparición de las mayorías absolutas ha propiciado el protagonismo del debate sobre el servicio público de la televisión. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la investigación de las posiciones sobre la televisión pública en España expresada por los principales partidos políticos que han concurrido a las convocatorias electorales celebradas en España durante 2015 y 2016. Hemos partido de la hipótesis de que la fortaleza y viabilidad del servicio público de televisión es ahora mayor que en 2012 cuando existían mayorías absolutas en el parlamento nacional y en varias de las comunidades autónomas. Metodológicamente hemos realizado un análisis de contenido de las propuestas sobre la televisión pública nacional y autonómica a partir de los programas electorales de los partidos políticos para las elecciones autonómicas de 2015 y generales de 2015-2016 y en paralelo hemos realizado entrevistas estructuradas con los responsables de comunicación de los cuatro partidos mas representativos a nivel nacional. A partir del análisis hemos comprobado que las televisiones públicas en España tienen mas futuro y mas viabilidad con la fragmentación del nuevo escenario político que cuando existía sólo la alternancia PP, PSOE.
Construcción del discurso bélico desde las agencias internacionales de noticias: Estudio de Caso Atentados del 13 de noviembre de 2015
Authors: Torres-Toukoumidis Ángel , Romero-Rodríguez Luis-M. , De-Casas-Moreno Patricia , Aguaded Ignacio
Published: December 2016

El presente estudio analiza la retórica belicista de las agencias internacionales Reuters, Al Arabiya, Al Jazeera y Associated Press (AP) sobre las informaciones relativas a los atentados de París del 13 de noviembre de 2015 durante 15 días posteriores al acontecimiento. Para ello, partimos de un análisis cuanti-cualitativo de 550 unidades informativas mediante la utilización del software MAXQDA (v. 11.0.11). A la muestra seleccionada le fue aplicada los criterios sintácticos del discurso mediático: funcionalidad, significación y direccionalidad de la meta. En los resultados prevalece la demonización del Islam, la exaltación del miedo y pánico en la construcción discursiva y la espectacularización de las informaciones, como estrategia comunicativa en el tratamiento retórico.
A CRONOLOGIA DOS ESTUDOS SOBRE O EMPREENDEDORISMO
Authors: Franco Jheine Oliveira Bessa , Gouvêa Josiane Barbosa
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar, por meio da literatura acerca do tema, como o conceito sobre o empreendedorismo vem sendo utilizado pelos autores ao longo do tempo. Assim, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, buscou-se apontar os principais estudos desenvolvidos, onde levantou-se as definições de empreendedorismo de uma maneira cronológica com o intuito de identificar as abordagens do conceito. Assim, considerou-se as eras sobre o empreendedorismo e o indivíduo empreendedor de acordo com os conceitos Econômicos, das Ciências Sociais e dos Estudos Gerenciais. Verificou-se que a existência do indivíduo empreendedor é de longa data e trouxe contribuições significativas para a sociedade ao longo do tempo. No entanto, o seu estudo como campo de pesquisa é relativamente novo e vem se consolidando como componente multidisciplinar em virtude das diferentes raízes intelectuais das reflexões sobre empreendedor.
ADAPTAÇÃO DAS TEORIAS DE EMPREENDEDORISMO IMIGRANTE E ENCLAVE ÉTNICO NO CONTEXTO DE EMPREENDEDORES NORDESTINOS DA ROCINHA
Authors: Cruz Eduardo Picanço , Falcão Roberto Pessoa de Queiroz
Published: December 2016

O empreendedorismo internacional de enclave étnico é estudado em diversas comunidades de imigrantes da Europa, Estados Unidos, Canadá e Austrália. Por outro lado, estudos enfocando empreendedorismo derivado de migrações internas dentro de um país são menos presentes na literatura. Em pesquisa bibliométrica realizada por Ma et al. (2013), para descobrir os principais temas de investigação no domínio do empreendedorismo imigrante, identificou-se que os temas de pesquisa mais atuais neste campo seriam o de “empresários imigrantes”, “redes de negócios imigrantes” e “empresários transnacionais”. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo pretende provocar um debate através da adaptação das teorias internacionais de empreendedorismo imigrante e enclave étnico para compreender o empreendedorismo de alguns migrantes nordestinos no Brasil, buscando encontrar semelhanças entre os dois contextos: empreendedorismo imigrante e empreendedorismo migrante. Este é, portanto, um estudo exploratório, realizado com cinco empreendedores nordestinos na favela da Rocinha, no Rio de Janeiro, através de entrevistas em profundidade, conduzidas pelos autores em seus estabelecimentos. Os pesquisadores encontraram indícios de diversas semelhanças das características presentes nas descrições de enclaves étnicos internacionais, assim como do empreendedorismo imigrante na comunidade pesquisada. São exemplos: o público-alvo predominantemente de mesmo origem cultural, a formação de redes de comércio entre os conterrâneos, indícios de uma confiança entre clientes e empreendedores conterrâneos. Observou-se também uma competição entre as empresas.
APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PRÁTICA: ENTRE REMÉDIOS E RECEITAS EM PEQUENA FARMÁCIA
Authors: De Oliveira Danieli Gugel , Mozzato Anelise Rebelato , Colet Daniela Siqueira
Published: December 2016

Este artigo versa sobre a temática da aprendizagem organizacional (AO), visando melhor compreensão sob a perspectiva sociológica. Apresenta-se como objetivo: compreender o processo de aprendizagem (individual, grupal, organizacional e interorganizacional) dos trabalhadores de uma farmácia, sob a perspectiva da AO baseada em prática (perspectiva sociológica). Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória do tipo estudo de caso e com abordagem qualitativa dos dados em uma farmácia de pequeno porte, localizada no norte do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo permitiu identificar que nessa farmácia, a aprendizagem acontece nos quatro níveis do continuum da aprendizagem, no fluxo das atividades relacionais cotidianas, de acordo com os preceitos dos estudos da AO, baseada na perspectiva prática. As conclusões revelam que o estudo de caso traz contribuições importantes em razão de exemplificar claramente o processo da AO e também da aprendizagem interorganizacional (AIO), na perspectiva baseada em prática.
PARA ARRISCAR SÓ É PRECISO CORAGEM?
Authors: Manthey Nilvane Boehm , Hoffmann Estela Maria
Published: December 2016

O presente caso de ensino busca apresentar os dilemas que envolvem a decisão de internacionalizar uma empresa. As informações foram obtidas a partir de fontes de dados primárias e secundárias: entrevista com o proprietário da empresa e consulta ao site da empresa, respectivamente. O caso de ensino trata de uma empresa desenvolvedora de softwares, especializada em concessões municipais de gestão de saneamento básico, a qual teve a oportunidade de expandir seus negócios para Portugal. O nome “HighTech Informática”, utilizado no caso de ensino, é fictício, conforme solicitado pelos sócios. Devido às diferenças culturais entre os dois países, algumas alterações deveriam ser feitas na proposta de internacionalização. Para tanto, novos investimentos também precisariam ser realizados para a consolidação do contrato. Temendo os riscos, os proprietários discutem os prós e os contras de realizar a internacionalização e o dilema do caso estimula os alunos a buscar soluções proporcionando a compreensão das teorias de internacionalização.
Long-term effect of whole tree biomass harvesting on ground cover vegetation in a dry Scots pine stand
Authors: Jansons Āris , Robalte Linda , Čakšs Roberts , Matisons Roberts
Published: December 2016

Long-term (47 years) effect of experimental whole tree harvesting (WTH) with a heavy soil scarification on ground cover vegetation was assessed in a dry nutrient-poor Scots pine ( L.) stand in Latvia. Neighbouring conventionally managed young (10 years) and mature (119 years) stands of the same type were used for comparison. Higher species richness was observed in the WTH stand compared to conventionally managed young and mature stands (24, 18 and 16 species, respectively), likely due to the profound disturbance. The Shannon diversity index was higher in the young than in the WTH and mature stands (2.36, 1.77 and 1.63, respectively); still, the composition and structure of ground cover vegetation in WTH was more similar to the mature stand. Nevertheless, the occurrence of oligotrophic species in the WTH stand suggested decreased soil nutrient content and potential development of different plant community. Hence, such method might be considered for restoration of oligotrophic stands. Nevertheless, the period of 47 years appeared sufficient for the ground cover vegetation to recover after the WTH.Pinus sylvestris
The role of «metabolic memory» mechanisms in the development and progression of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chernikov Alexander Alexandrovich , Severina Anastasia Sergeevna , Shamhalova Minara Shamhalovna , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna
Published: December 2016

The study of diabetes mellitus (DM), its complications and related pathologies has been continuously performed for many years; however, despite the substantial work and outstanding achievements in studying the mechanisms of DM development and the success of new medicinal products for controlling glycaemia, the problems associated with the late complications of DM continue to increase. The importance of glycaemic control in the early stages of DM for the development of complications is seen only after a sufficiently long period of observation. Such a delayed effect of primary good or unsatisfactory metabolic control, which shapes the patients clinical fate to a greater extent, is termed metabolic memory. The disorders developed under the influence of hyperglycaemia persist for long periods after the normalisation of carbohydrate metabolism; moreover, the effect of previous hyperglycaemia extends over the next 20 and even 30 years. Current research is focused on the possible mechanisms of metabolic memory development, including oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products and epigenetic mechanisms. This research will provide insight into potential markers for the early development and progression of vascular complications and new therapeutic possibilities for the future. However, determining the probable point of no return is more important, which implies that a point exists; after this point is crossed, the progression of vascular complications associated with DM cannot be prevented or reversed. The results of numerous experimental studies demonstrate that the prerequisite components of metabolic memory can be used as potential markers of the progression of DM complications, and may be potential therapeutic targets.
Clinical and morphological characteristics of wound healing in diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Komelyagina Elena Yur'evna , Kogan Eugenia Alexandrovna , Antsiferov Mikhail Borisovich
Published: December 2016

Aim. To assess the clinical and morphological characteristics of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUn)
Materials and Methods.Forty-three specimens of DFUn were analysed. Depending on the outcome, samples were divided into 2 groups: group 1healed ulcers (30 samples), group 2unhealed ulcers (13 samples). The following characteristics were analysed: age, sex, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), ulcer duration, time of admission to the specialised clinic, severity of neuropathy, presence of late complications, plantar localisation, percentage of necrotic tissue, granulation and fibrotic tissue and, Ki-67expression.
Results. Patients were similar in age, HbA1c, severity of late complications and plantar localisation. There was a significant difference in the time of admission to the specialised clinic [50 vs 132 days, p = 0.03], percentage of granulation [61 25 vs 32 21 %, р = 0.001] and fibrotic tissue [24 24 vs 49 22 %, р = 0.002], the granulation/fibrosis coefficient [7.5 8.1 vs 1.9 4.6 (%), р = 0,02] and expression of Ki-67 [15 8 vs 21 (%), р = 0.001] between groups. A multidimensional model revealed granulation tissue as the main parameter influencing healing. The probability of healing was 1.0 if the percentage of granulation tissue was 50%. If the percentage of granulation tissue was 50%, the prognosis of healing was determined by the expression of Ki-67. When Ki-67 levels were 7%, the probability of healing was 0.75. For Ki-67 levels 7%, the probability of healing was 0.17 and the probability of not healing was 0.83.
Conclusion. The time at which a patient was admitted to the specialised clinic and the percentage of granulation tissue were key factors affecting the prognosis of wound healing in DFUn.
Combined insulin detemir and liraglutide therapy in type 2 diabetic patients: a base for an alliance
Authors: Ruyatkina Lyudmila Alexandrovna , Sorokin Maxim
Published: December 2016

Combined glucose-lowering therapy, comprising of basal insulin with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, has become central to the treatment of type 2 diabetes both at the start of insulin therapy, and as an alternative to basal-bolus insulin. The combination of insulin detemir (insulin analogue) with liraglutide (GLP-1 analogue) reduces fasting and postprandial glycaemia, lowers the risk of hypoglycaemia and does not have a negative impact on body weight. In this literature review, the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles, as well as the potential benefits of combined insulin detemir and liraglutide therapy on diabetic nephropathy and high cardiovascular disease risk were determined. Data from randomised clinical trials and the National Registry were used to assess the clinical efficacy of combined insulin detemir and liraglutide therapy. The different mechanistic actions of insulin detemir and liraglutide resulted in an additive glucose-lowering effect, which did not affect the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of each therapeutic agent.
The experiences of family members of a person with a head injury
Authors: Iiyambo Maria Tegelela , Small Louis , Van Dyk Agnes , Kamenye Esther
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to understand what the family members of a person with a head injury go through during the pre-hospitalization, hospitalization and rehabilitation period. The objective set for this study was to explore and describe the experiences of family members of a person with a head injury.A purposive sample was selected from the records of the Intensive Care Unit at the Intermediate Hospital Oshakati where the addresses of the head injury patients were identified. A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was conducted utilizing individual in-depth face-to-face interview to gather data from family members of a person with a head injury. Data was analyzed using Techâ€™s method for content analysis.The results of this study showed that family members of a person with head injury had varied and different experiences varying from different feelings, challenges and support to them.Recommendations based on the findings were made for both health care providers and family members of a person with a head injury.
Factors associated with greater potential for alcohol misuse among the students of the Gorenjska region
Authors: Pivač Sanela , Skela-Savič Brigita
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Excessive alcohol consumption can stem from different biological, social, environmental, or psychological factors (e.g. peer influence, desire to be accepted within a social group, family history with alcohol addiction, availability of alcohol beverages, poor academic performance, low self-image, etc.). The aim of study was to determine the risk factors associated with alcohol consumption among the undergraduate students in the Gorenjska region. Methods: A quantitative non-experimental method of research was employed. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The purposive sample consisted of 328 first-year undergraduate students in the Gorenjska region. The research was conducted in May, October and November 2012. The data obtained were analysed using the descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The greatest influence on drinking frequency for better sociability and relaxation has the average educational attainment in the last year of secondary education (β = 0.168, p = 0.002). The following factors were identified to have a statistically significant impact on the frequency of alcohol consumption during leisure time: friendship (β = 0.131, p = 0.029), frequent socializing with friends (β = 0.127, p = 0.035), support of the family when in distress (β = - 0. 183, p = 0.001) and the average academic achievement in the last year of secondary education (β = 0.098, p = 0.043). Discussion and conclusion: The risk factors associated with alcohol consumption among the students in the Gorenjska region are mainly social (lack of family support, peer pressure) and personal (low self-image, poor academic achievement and leisure time). Characteristics of the study participants in relation to alcohol consumption do not differ from the rest of the younger population.
Prehranjevalne navade in telesna aktivnost dijakov primorsko-notranjske regije
Authors: Radivo Manica , Pucer Patrik , Poklar Vatovec Tamara
Published: December 2016

Uvod: Zdrava prehrana in telesna aktivnost sta neločljivo povezani določilnici zdravja mladostnikov. Namen raziskave je bil (1) ovrednotiti prehranski status ter prehranjevalne navade dijakov 3. letnikov srednješolskega izobraževanja v primorsko-notranjski regiji in (2) preučiti navade njihove telesne aktivnosti ter (3) raziskati povezavo med njihovimi indeksi telesne mase (kg/m2) in prehranskimi navadami.

Metode: Raziskava je bila opravljena spomladi 2015 na vzorcu dijakov 3. letnikov (n = 166) v primorskonotranjski regiji. Njihova povprečna starost je bila 18,2 let. Uporabljen je bil anonimni spletni vprašalnik 1KA s 44 vprašanji. S programom SPSS verzija 22 je bila izvedena opisna in inferenčna statistika.

Rezultati: Dijaki ne uživajo sadja in zelenjave vsak dan (74 % fantov in 63 % deklet), pri čemer je primanjkljaj skupnega vnosa zelenjave (fantje: 151,3 g, dekleta: 166,7 g) in stročnic (fantje: 138,2 g, dekleta: 141,8 g) večji, kot je pri vnosu sadja (fantje: 172,4 g, dekleta: 170,9 g). Tudi uživanje rib je glede na priporočila premajhno, priporočene količine dosega le 5,4 % deklet in 4,5 %. Dijaki tudi niso dovolj telesno aktivni.

Diskusija in zaključek: Kljub številnim ukrepom prehranske politike je med dijaki še vedno premajhen vnos sadja in zelenjave. Šolski obroki bi morali pogosteje vsebovati zelenjavo, stročnice in ribe. Za spodbujanje telesne aktivnosti bi morali mladim šport približati kot vrednoto, dostopno vsem mladostnikom.
Slovenian Nursing Review facing contemporary publishing challenges
Authors: Dornik Ema , Mihelič Zajec Andreja
Published: December 2016

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Nursing students’ knowledge levels about nanotechnology and factors influencing knowledge levels
Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin nanoteknoloji bilgi düzeyleri ve bilgi düzeylerini etkileyen faktörler
Authors: Aydın Sayılan Aylin , Mercan Yeliz
Published: December 2016

Aim: The aimed of the study determine the nursing students’ knowledge levels about nanotechnology and factors influencing knowledge levels.Method: This cross sectional research is study with 283 nursing students and there isn’t sample selection.The questionnaires developed by the researchers for assessment level of knowledge  about nanotechnology and data were collected by face-to-face methods. In the analysis, we used SPSS 22.0 package program and chikare , logistic regression analysis were used.The level of significance was accepted as p<0.05.As the level of mother education increased, the students' knowledge level of nanotechnology increased nearly 1.2% -1.5% (p <0.05).If students use internet for follow up the scientific world the level of knowledge about nanotechnology increased nearly 1,0%.It has been determined that there isn’t any knowledge of the students about related fields in health a rate of 38.9% -59.0%.Nursing students have inadequate knowledge on the concept of nanotechnology which use in healthcare.It was suggested that the topic of nanotechnology should be included in the course content parallel to evolving and changing science. ÖzetAraştırmada, hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin nanoteknoloji bilgi düzeylerini ve bunu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.Kesitsel tipte gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, örnek seçimi yapılmamış, 283 hemşirelik öğrencisiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket yardımıyla yüzyüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Çözümlemede SPSS 22.0 paket programı kullanılmış, kikare ve lojistik regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmada anne eğitim düzeyi arttıkça öğrencilerin nanoteknoloji bilgi düzeylerinin yaklaşık %1,2-%1,5 kat arttığı (p<0,05) belirlenmiştir. Bilim dünyasını takip etmek amacıyla internet kullanımı (yaklaşık %1,1 kat) ve kanser tedavisi alanlarında nanoteknoloji kullanımının (yaklaşık  %1,0 kat) nanoteknoloji bilgi düzeyini anlamlı olarak (p<0,05) arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin %38,9-%59,0 arasında değişen oranlarda sağlık ile ilgili alanlarda hiçbir fikri/bilgisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir.Hemşirelik öğrencileri nanoteknoloji kavramı ve sağlık alanındaki kullanım alanları konularında yetersiz bilgiye sahiptir. Gelişen ve değişen bilime paralel olarak nanoteknoloji konusunun ders içeriğinde yer alması gerekmektedir.
Histological evidence for reversible cardiomyocyte changes and serum cardiac troponin T elevation after exercise in rats
Authors: Nie Jinlei , George Keith , Duan Fei , Tong Tomas K. , Tian Ye
Published: December 2016

This study characterized cardiac troponin T (cTnT) appearance and associated histological evidence of reversible or irreversible changes in myocardial ultrastructure, determined via electron microscopy, in rats undertaking isoproterenol (ISO) infusion or an endurance exercise challenge. Male rats were randomized into ISO and exercise groups. In ISO trials rats were killed 5 h (ISO‐5H) and 24 h (ISO‐REC19H) after a single ISO or saline injection (SAL‐5H; SAL‐REC19H). In the exercise trials rats were killed before, as a control (EXE‐CON), immediately after (EXE‐END5H) and 19 h after (EXE‐REC19H) a 5‐h bout of swimming with 5% body weight attached to their tail. Serum cTnT was quantified by electrochemiluminescence, and myocardial samples in ISO‐REC19H, EXE‐REC19H and SAL‐REC19H were harvested for assessment of specific mitochondrial injury scores using electron‐microscopy. cTnT was undetectable in all control animals (SAL‐5H/SAL‐REC19H and EXE‐CON). cTnT increased in all animals after ISO and exercise but the response was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at ISO‐5H (median [range]: 2.60 [1.76–6.18] μg · L−1) than at EXE‐END5H (median [range]: 0.05 [0.02–0.14] μg · L−1). cTnT returned to baseline at EXE‐REC19H, but had not completely recovered at ISO‐REC19H (median [range]: 0.17 [0.09–1.22] μg · L−1). Mitochondrial “injury scores” were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in ISO‐REC19H compared to EXE‐REC19H and SAL‐REC19H, with no difference between EXE‐REC19H and SAL‐REC19H. Mitochondria from EXE‐REC19H appeared aggregated in nonlinear clusters in a small number of scans. These findings suggest that acute exercise‐induced appearance of cTnT in this animal model is only associated with reversible changes in cardiomyocyte structure.
Plasma from exercised rats administered to sedentary rats induces systemic and tissue inflammation
Authors: Goutianos Georgios , Veskoukis Aristidis S. , Tzioura Aikaterini , Paschalis Vassilis , Margaritelis Nikos V. , Dipla Konstantina , Zafeiridis Andreas , Vrabas Ioannis S. , Nikolaidis Michalis G. , Kyparos Antonios
Published: December 2016

Recent studies have consistently supported the active role of blood in mediating biochemical and physiological tissue adaptations. However, no study has investigated the possible contribution of circulating factors in an exercise setting. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of circulating factors in exercise adaptations by chronically administering to sedentary animals blood plasma collected from acutely exercised animals. Phase 1: Blood plasma was collected from rats that swam to exhaustion and from sedentary rats. Phase 2: Other rats were divided into two groups (n = 20 per group): the first group involved rats that were injected intravenously with blood plasma originating from rats that previously swam to exhaustion, the second group consisted of rats that were injected intravenously with blood plasma originating from sedentary rats. Tail‐vein injections (2 mL/kg) were performed daily for 21 consecutive days. Inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein, interleukins‐1α, 2, 6, 8, 10 and tumor necrosis factor‐a) were measured in blood plasma, muscle, and adipose tissue. Sedentary rats administered with plasma from exercised rats had significantly higher levels in all inflammatory markers measured in blood, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, compared to the sedentary rats administered with resting plasma. Our data demonstrate that administration of “exercised” blood to sedentary rats induced inflammation in plasma, muscle and adipose tissue. Exercise adaptations are not solely due to intrinsic processes in muscle or adipose tissue. Blood factors also play a crucial role in mediating signals for tissue adaptations.
Spatiotemporal Filter for Visual Motion Integration from Pursuit Eye Movements in Humans and Monkeys
Authors: Mukherjee Trishna , Liu Bing , Simoncini Claudio , Osborne Leslie C.
Published: December 2016

Despite the enduring interest in motion integration, a direct measure of the space–time filter that the brain imposes on a visual scene has been elusive. This is perhaps because of the challenge of estimating a 3D function from perceptual reports in psychophysical tasks. We take a different approach. We exploit the close connection between visual motion estimates and smooth pursuit eye movements to measure stimulus–response correlations across space and time, computing the linear space–time filter for global motion direction in humans and monkeys. Although derived from eye movements, we find that the filter predicts perceptual motion estimates quite well. To distinguish visual from motor contributions to the temporal duration of the pursuit motion filter, we recorded single-unit responses in the monkey middle temporal cortical area (MT). We find that pursuit response delays are consistent with the distribution of cortical neuron latencies and that temporal motion integration for pursuit is consistent with a short integration MT subpopulation. Remarkably, the visual system appears to preferentially weight motion signals across a narrow range of foveal eccentricities rather than uniformly over the whole visual field, with a transiently enhanced contribution from locations along the direction of motion. We find that the visual system is most sensitive to motion falling at approximately one-third the radius of the stimulus aperture. Hypothesizing that the visual drive for pursuit is related to the filtered motion energy in a motion stimulus, we compare measured and predicted eye acceleration across several other target forms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA compact model of the spatial and temporal processing underlying global motion perception has been elusive. We used visually driven smooth eye movements to find the 3D space–time function that best predicts both eye movements and perception of translating dot patterns. We found that the visual system does not appear to use all available motion signals uniformly, but rather weights motion preferentially in a narrow band at approximately one-third the radius of the stimulus. Although not universal, the filter predicts responses to other types of stimuli, demonstrating a remarkable degree of generalization that may lead to a deeper understanding of visual motion processing.
Edge-Related Activity Is Not Necessary to Explain Orientation Decoding in Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Wardle Susan G. , Ritchie J. Brendan , Seymour Kiley , Carlson Thomas A.
Published: December 2016

Multivariate pattern analysis is a powerful technique; however, a significant theoretical limitation in neuroscience is the ambiguity in interpreting the source of decodable information used by classifiers. This is exemplified by the continued controversy over the source of orientation decoding from fMRI responses in human V1. Recently Carlson (2014) identified a potential source of decodable information by modeling voxel responses based on the Hubel and Wiesel (1972) ice-cube model of visual cortex. The model revealed that activity associated with the edges of gratings covaries with orientation and could potentially be used to discriminate orientation. Here we empirically evaluate whether “edge-related activity” underlies orientation decoding from patterns of BOLD response in human V1. First, we systematically mapped classifier performance as a function of stimulus location using population receptive field modeling to isolate each voxel's overlap with a large annular grating stimulus. Orientation was decodable across the stimulus; however, peak decoding performance occurred for voxels with receptive fields closer to the fovea and overlapping with the inner edge. Critically, we did not observe the expected second peak in decoding performance at the outer stimulus edge as predicted by the edge account. Second, we evaluated whether voxels that contribute most to classifier performance have receptive fields that cluster in cortical regions corresponding to the retinotopic location of the stimulus edge. Instead, we find the distribution of highly weighted voxels to be approximately random, with a modest bias toward more foveal voxels. Our results demonstrate that edge-related activity is likely not necessary for orientation decoding.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA significant theoretical limitation of multivariate pattern analysis in neuroscience is the ambiguity in interpreting the source of decodable information used by classifiers. For example, orientation can be decoded from BOLD activation patterns in human V1, even though orientation columns are at a finer spatial scale than 3T fMRI. Consequently, the source of decodable information remains controversial. Here we test the proposal that information related to the stimulus edges underlies orientation decoding. We map voxel population receptive fields in V1 and evaluate orientation decoding performance as a function of stimulus location in retinotopic cortex. We find orientation is decodable from voxels whose receptive fields do not overlap with the stimulus edges, suggesting edge-related activity does not substantially drive orientation decoding.
Olfactory Bulb Deep Short-Axon Cells Mediate Widespread Inhibition of Tufted Cell Apical Dendrites
Authors: Burton Shawn D. , LaRocca Greg , Liu Annie , Cheetham Claire E.J. , Urban Nathaniel N.
Published: December 2016

In the main olfactory bulb (MOB), the first station of sensory processing in the olfactory system, GABAergic interneuron signaling shapes principal neuron activity to regulate olfaction. However, a lack of known selective markers for MOB interneurons has strongly impeded cell-type-selective investigation of interneuron function. Here, we identify the first selective marker of glomerular layer-projecting deep short-axon cells (GL-dSACs) and investigate systematically the structure, abundance, intrinsic physiology, feedforward sensory input, neuromodulation, synaptic output, and functional role of GL-dSACs in the mouse MOB circuit. GL-dSACs are located in the internal plexiform layer, where they integrate centrifugal cholinergic input with highly convergent feedforward sensory input. GL-dSAC axons arborize extensively across the glomerular layer to provide highly divergent yet selective output onto interneurons and principal tufted cells. GL-dSACs are thus capable of shifting the balance of principal tufted versus mitral cell activity across large expanses of the MOB in response to diverse sensory and top-down neuromodulatory input.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe identification of cell-type-selective molecular markers has fostered tremendous insight into how distinct interneurons shape sensory processing and behavior. In the main olfactory bulb (MOB), inhibitory circuits regulate the activity of principal cells precisely to drive olfactory-guided behavior. However, selective markers for MOB interneurons remain largely unknown, limiting mechanistic understanding of olfaction. Here, we identify the first selective marker of a novel population of deep short-axon cell interneurons with superficial axonal projections to the sensory input layer of the MOB. Using this marker, together with immunohistochemistry, acute slice electrophysiology, and optogenetic circuit mapping, we reveal that this novel interneuron population integrates centrifugal cholinergic input with broadly tuned feedforward sensory input to modulate principal cell activity selectively.
Deficient melanocortin-4 receptor causes abnormal reproductive neuroendocrine profile in female mice
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Huang Lili , Tan Hwee Y , Li Hongzhuo , Wan Ying , Cowley Michael , Veldhuis Johannes D , Chen Chen
Published: December 2016

Deletion of the melanocortin-4-receptor (Mc4r) gene in mice causes hyperphagia, followed by hyperinsulinemia, obesity and progressive infertility. Evidence shows that the number of developed corpora lutea is reduced in obese MC4R-knockout (MC4R KO) female mice, but the mechanism is unclear. The effect of hyperphagia and obesity by MC4R KO on pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and ovulation remains unknown. In MC4R KO mice and wild-type littermates (WT LM) during the diestrus period throughout different ages, we examined and monitored their metabolic status, pulsatile LH profiles, follicular morphology and the number of corpora lutea. MC4R KO mice were hyperphagic, obese, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and demonstrated insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Irregular estrous cycles and significant changes in the LH secretion profiles were observed in sexually matured 16- to 28-week MC4R KO mice, without any difference in testosterone levels. In addition, MC4R KO mice at 16 weeks of age had significantly fewer corpora lutea than same age WT LM mice. The ovary examinations of MC4R KO mice at 28 weeks of age showed predominantly antral and preovulatory follicles with no corpora lutea. These findings were consistent with the decrease in total, pulsatile, mass and basal LH releases in MC4R KO mice. The characteristics of hormone profiles in obese MC4R KO mice indicate that MC4R plays an important role in regulating LH release, ovulation and reproductive ability probably via hyperphagia-induced obesity. Further study of correlation between metabolic and reproductive regulatory hormones is warranted to dissect the pathological mechanism underlying obesity-induced infertility.

Free Chinese abstract: A Chinese translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/153/3/267/suppl/DC1.
Las operaciones ocultas de la naturaleza: Tomás de Aquino y la introducción de dos tipos de anomalías en la estructura física aristotélica
Authors: Minecan Ana Maria Carmen
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo analiza la asimilación en la obra de Tomás de Aquino de los principios fundamentales del necesitarismo físico aristotélico así como la introducción, desde el punto de vista de la cosmología cristiana, dos tipos de fenómenos ajenos a la filosofía de la naturaleza de Aristóteles: las operaciones ocultas de la naturaleza y los milagros. Se estudia la postura del Aquinate en torno al magnetismo, las mareas, las propiedades terapéuticas de los compuestos y el origen de los poderes de las figuras nigrománticas y reliquias.
Acerca del Nacimiento de la clínica de Michel Foucault. Aportes teóricos, desafíos filosóficos y vigencia de un texto hecho con los desechos de otro
Authors: López Cristina
Published: December 2016

El Nacimiento de la Clínica ha sido uno de los textos menos comentados de Michel Foucault. En efecto, publicado entre dos de los trabajos más celebres de su autor, el libro dedicado a trazar la arqueología de la mirada médica fue objeto de una muy escasa recepción. Tal vez por ello podría pasar por un texto menor, de escasa relevancia en su trayectoria, sin repercusiones en el debate filosófico de su tiempo y, visto su enfoque histórico, privado de toda actualidad. Pero, contra este prejuicio, en este artículo, se pondrá en consideración el aporte de esta obra al diseño de la  perspectiva arqueológica, los alcances y las limitaciones de la postura filosófica expuesta allí y la vigencia que la reciente discusión biopolítica le ha restituido.
La articulación de liberalismo y democracia en Aron y Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Sanz García Ignacio José
Published: December 2016

En este artículo se analizan las diferentes formas de ver la relación entre democracia y liberalismo que tienen Raymond Aron y Ortega y Gasset. Las perspectivas de cada uno respecto a esa relación se encuentran determinadas por el contexto socio-histórico en el que ambos formularon sus teorías. Ortega en los años 30 observa el peligro que corren las democracias liberales por el auge de los movimientos fascistas y bolchevique y ve una deriva de los Estados hacia el totalitarismo, lo que le impulsa a formular una nueva idea de liberalismo. Aron se encuentra, después dela Segunda GuerraMundial, con un panorama geopolítico en el que dominan dos bloques ideológicamente antagónicos, EEUU yla URSS, que le servirán para presentar dos modelos de democracia, en el primero hay libertad de partidos y en el segundo hay un partido único. Para el autor francés, será el primero el que mejor va a cumplir el ideal democrático.