bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid crowns – bonding protocols and shear bond strength
Authors: Epperson Matthew , Vazirani Neha , Armbruster Paul C. , Kee Edwin L. , Xu Xiaoming , Ballard Richard W.
Published: September 2021

Aims

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three different surface treatment protocols on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets to Vita Enamic® and Lava™ Ultimate CAD/CAM hybrid ceramics.

Methods

A total of 60 crowns were milled and divided into one of three etching groups which used 9.6% hydrofluoric acid, 35% phosphoric acid and 50 μ aluminum oxide microetching. The surface morphology of the ceramic was observed after each etching treatment using a scanning electron microscope to characterise the etched surface. Lower left first molar tubes (Ormco™) were bonded with light-cure composite, stored in artificial saliva for one week and subsequently thermocycled. The SBS test was performed using an Instron 5566 machine. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores were also assigned to determine the mode of bond failure. Data were analysed using an Independent Sample t-test.

Results

The SBS of all groups, except the HFA Enamic® group, were significantly lower than the mean SBS of the enamel control group (8.8 MPa). The mean shear bond strength values of Enamic® were significantly higher than those of Lava™ Ultimate (p-values < 0.05).

Conclusions

Statistically, only Enamic® treated with HFA exhibited sufficient SBS when compared with the enamel control. Adhesive failures between the bracket base and adhesive were the predominant mode of failure in all groups except in the PA Lava™ Ultimate group.
Incidental pathological finding during routine orthodontic treatment: a case report
Authors: Kamisetty Ravi Theja , Sampson Wayne , Dreyer Craig , Logan Richard
Published: September 2021

Lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograms (OPGs) are often taken prior to the commencement of orthodontic treatment to assist in diagnosis and treatment planning. Further radiographs may be taken during treatment to monitor progress. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to carefully and thoroughly assess all aspects of the radiographs, both orthodontic and non-orthodontic. In the case presented, a radiolucency in the right mandible was identified in a mid-treatment OPG. Following referral to an oral maxillofacial surgeon for opinion and management, the lesion was biopsied and a specimen sent for histological examination. This case highlights the need for the orthodontic clinician to assess not only the state of orthodontic treatment, but also the overall clinical presentation and any radiographs that may be taken.
Orthodontic screening and referral practices of dental therapists in New Zealand
Authors: Lim Nadarren , Bennani Florence , Mei Li , Thomson William Murray , Farella Mauro , Antoun Joseph Safwat
Published: September 2021

Background

Timely referrals of appropriately screened cases are essential for the effective delivery of orthodontic treatment. Dental therapists are intimately involved with the orthodontic screening process in New Zealand, given that they are the primary oral health providers for child and adolescent patients.

Objectives

(1) To investigate New Zealand dental therapists’ orthodontic screening and referral practices; and, (2) to quantify the perceived need for supplementary orthodontic resources by New Zealand dental therapists.

Methods

An online questionnaire was distributed via email to 659 actively practising dental therapists in New Zealand. Participants answered questions related to their socio-demographic characteristics, orthodontic screening and referral practices, and further orthodontic education.

Results

All surveyed dental therapists viewed orthodontics as an important treatment priority. Most (64.6%, N = 148) agreed that the orthodontic screening process should be a joint undertaking between general dental practitioners and dental therapists. Most practitioners (63.3%, N = 145) had access to (and used) an orthodontic screening guideline. While almost all dental therapists (98.7%, N = 226) were confident in assessing cases that were suitable for orthodontic referral, 63.8% felt that they could gain from further education, and virtually all (99.6%, N = 228) believed that continuing professional development (CPD) courses in orthodontics would be beneficial. Over three-quarters were in favour of a standardised national guideline for orthodontic screening, while the remainder were either satisfied with their current guidelines (15.3%, N = 35) or believed that such guidelines were unnecessary (7.0%, N = 16). Several patterns were observed by therapist characteristics, particularly related to working sector (private or public) and length of professional experience.

Conclusions

There were differences in the orthodontic screening and referral practices of dental therapists in New Zealand. Dental therapists were receptive to the idea of standardised guidelines for orthodontic screening and there was a perceived need for CPD courses in orthodontics.
Orthodontic tooth movement in relation to angular bony defects
Authors: Michelogiannakis Dimitrios , Makou Margarita , Madianos Phoebus N. , Rossouw P. Emile
Published: September 2021

Objectives

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the benefits of adjunctive orthodontic treatment with or without periodontal regenerative surgery in the treatment of angular bony defects, defect volume, and periodontal tissue conditions in adult patients.

Methods

An electronic keyword search was conducted in the literature database PubMed as well as in Google Scholar.

Originally, studies describing all types of orthodontic tooth movement (tipping, bodily movement, intrusion, extrusion) in relation to bone defects such as periodontal, furcation and extraction site defects were reviewed. Only those articles depicting tooth movement after periodontal therapy and the control of inflammation were included.

Results

Evidence indicates that orthodontic tooth movement can result in the reduction or elimination of periodontal bony defect dimensions, a reduction in probing pocket depth and a gain in clinical attachment level. Furthermore, the published data show that orthodontic tooth movement before or after regenerative surgery can provide therapeutic benefits in the recovery of angular bony defects.

Conclusions

This review supports the premise that adjunctive orthodontic treatment in adults with reduced but healthy periodontal tissues is a solution for the modification of bony defect contours with or without periodontal regenerative therapy.
Evaluation of the effects of two different Alt-RAMEC procedures: five weeks versus nine weeks
Authors: Celikoglu Mevlut , Buyukcavus Muhammet Hilmi
Published: September 2021

Objective

To evaluate and compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue effects of two different alternate rapid maxillary expansion (RMEs) and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) procedures.

Material and methods

Thirty-two consecutive patients presenting with a skeletal Class III malocclusion were placed into two comparative groups. Group 1 consisted of 16 patients (5 females and 11 males; mean age: 11.45 ± 1.87 years) who had an Alt-RAMEC procedure for five weeks and Group 2 consisted of 16 patients (6 females and 10 males; mean age: 11.52 ± 1.29 years) who had an Alt-RAMEC procedure for nine weeks. The parents of the patients were instructed to open the screw twice per day for one week and to close it twice per day for the following week (0.20 mm per turn). Nine angular and 20 linear cephalometric variables were measured.

Results

The groups were well matched in relation to patient gender distribution, chronological age and initial cephalometric values. Both Alt-RAMEC procedures showed similar effects with no statistically significant differences. The maxillae moved slightly forward and the mandible moved slightly downward, the changes of which caused an improvement in the maxillo-mandibular relationship in both groups. The overjet slightly increased and the overbite decreased in both groups. The upper lip moved slightly forward during the nine-week treatment Alt-RAMEC group.

Conclusion

Despite the favourable and similar effects of both procedures, neither seems to be sufficient for the complete correction of a skeletal Class III malocclusion.
Single tooth osteotomy and distraction in the treatment of an ankylosed central incisor — a case report
Authors: Mayne Robert , Mayne Roslyn , Saranathan Sathyan , Spencer Kevin
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Clinical practice encounters the unfortunate consequences of dental trauma. The avulsion of permanent teeth is seen in 0.5–3% of all dental traumatic injuries, and when re-implanted, a tooth can undergo ankylosis in the form of replacement resorption. When ankylosis of a maxillary incisor occurs in a pre-adolescent, the affected tooth gradually becomes infra-occluded with time, which results in severe local dentoalveolar disturbances in normal growth and development, along with aesthetic concerns that challenge orthodontic management. To achieve an ideal dental outcome, an interdisciplinary approach is often required.

Aim

To detail a case report of an infra-occluded ankylosed central incisor successfully treated with a single tooth osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis in conjunction with mechanotherapy to correct the osseous and gingival margins.

Methods

This combined orthodontic/surgical case report was completed in stages by (1) pre-surgical orthodontics to diverge the roots of the adjacent teeth from the surgical site, (2) a single tooth osteotomy followed by distraction osteogenesis, (3) postsurgery orthodontics, and (4) retention. Consent and complete records were obtained, including pre-treatment photographs, radiographs and cephalometric superimpositions over an eight-year period from initial presentation until retention.

Results

Distraction osteogenesis in combination with orthodontics successfully managed the dentoalveolar and soft tissue defect. If tooth replacement is eventually needed, donor site morbidity associated with conventional bone and soft tissue grafting procedures may be eliminated.

Conclusion

This combined interdisciplinary treatment is an effective alternative to bony and soft tissue augmentation procedures that may not be as predictable in restoring vertical and horizontal osseous and soft tissue defects resulting from severe infraocclusion of anterior teeth.
The effect of benzocaine and ketoprofen gels on pain during fixed orthodontic appliance treatment: a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial
Authors: Eslamian Ladan , Borzabadi-Farahani Ali , Gholami Hadi
Published: September 2021

Aims

To compare the analgesic effect of topical benzocaine (5%) and ketoprofen (1.60 mg/mL) after 2 mm activation of 7 mm long delta loops used for maxillary en-masse orthodontic space closure.

Subjects and methods

Twenty patients (seven males, 13 females, 15–25 years of age, mean age of 19.5 years) participated in a randomised crossover, double-blind trial. After appliance activation, participants were instructed to use analgesic gels and record pain perception at 2, 6, 24 hours and 2, 3 and 7 days (at 18.00 hrs), using a visual analogue scale ruler (VAS, 0–4). Each patient received all three gels (benzocaine, ketoprofen, and a control (placebo)) randomly, but at three different appliance activation visits following a wash-over gap of one month. After the first day, the patients were instructed to repeat gel application twice a day at 10:00 and 18:00 hrs for three days. The recorded pain scores were subjected to non-parametric analysis.

Results

The highest pain was recorded at 2 and 6 hours. Pain scores were significantly different between the three groups (Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.01). The overall mean (SD) pain scores for the benzocaine 5%, ketoprofen, and control (placebo) groups were 0.89 (0.41), 0.68 (0.34), and 1.15 (0.81), respectively. The pain scores were significantly different between the ketoprofen and control groups (mean difference = 0.47, p = 0.005). All groups demonstrated significant differences in pain scores at the six different time intervals (p < 0.05) and there was no gender difference (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

A significant pain reduction was observed following the use of ketoprofen when tested against a control gel (placebo). The highest pain scores were experienced in patients administered the placebo and the lowest scores in patients who applied ketoprofen gel. Benzocaine had an effect mid-way between ketoprofen and the placebo. The highest pain scores were recorded 2 hours following force application, which decreased to the lowest scores after 7 days.
Mini-implant-anchored Mesialslider for simultaneous mesialisation and intrusion of upper molars in an anterior open bite case: a three-year follow-up
Authors: Wilmes Benedict , Katyal Vandana , Willmann Jan , Stocker Bruce , Drescher Dieter
Published: September 2021

Background

The present case report describes the orthodontic treatment and long-term follow-up of an adult female patient (27 years) who was diagnosed with a mild Class III malocclusion characterised by an anterior and lateral open bite and three periodontally-compromised first permanent molars.

Aim

The aim of treatment was to provide an acceptable aesthetic and functional occlusion while, at the same time, improving the periodontal prognosis.

Methods

The patient was treated with fixed orthodontic appliances utilising direct and indirect skeletal anchorage derived from two mini-screws placed in the palate and one mandibular buccal mini-screw.

Results

The objectives of good aesthetics, a functional occlusion, a healthy periodontium and a balanced profile were achieved.

The total treatment time was 31 months, which comprised 13 months of maxillary fixed labial appliances and 25 months of mandibular fixed labial appliances. The three-year follow-up records showed stability of the Class III correction.
The extraction of maxillary lateral incisors for the treatment of a Class II crowded malocclusion: a case report
Authors: Dave Heemanshu R. , Samrit Vilas D. , Kharbanda Om Prakash
Published: September 2021

Background

The extraction of an upper lateral incisor for orthodontic purposes is rare and must be adequately justified.

Aim

The present case report describes the management of a skeletal Class II crowded malocclusion that was facilitated by the extraction of upper lateral incisors and lower first premolars.

Methods

A 14-year-old male patient presented with a skeletal Class II crowded malocclusion with associated speech and chewing difficulties. Phase I of treatment involved the extraction of the upper lateral incisors and functional appliance therapy. Phase II included the extraction of lower first premolars and mechanotherapy using full fixed appliances.

Results

An improvement in aesthetics and sagittal relations was achieved during phase I therapy as the mandible was advanced over a period of eight months. Mandibular skeletal change was 6.5 mm observed at pogonion. During phase II therapy, the maxillary canines were substituted for lateral incisors and a functional occlusion was achieved. The skeletal correction and occlusion were stable one year after debonding.

Conclusion

The present case indicated that the timely extraction of palatally-placed maxillary lateral incisors facilitated functional appliance therapy in the management of a skeletal Class II problem. The crowding of the lower anterior teeth was relieved and alignment of the upper arch was achieved with full fixed appliance therapy, resulting in improved aesthetics and a stable occlusion at one year review.
A study of Class III treatment: orthodontic camouflage vs orthognathic surgery
Authors: Georgalis Katherine , Woods Michael G.
Published: September 2021

Aim

To evaluate the differences in pretreatment and post-treatment characteristics of Class III patients treated with orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic surgery, and to compare the range of skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes that are likely to occur with treatment, with particular reference to the influence of extractions on the resultant incisor angulations.

Method

Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalograms of 31 Class III orthodontically-camouflaged patients and 36 Class III surgical patients (without genioplasty) were obtained from one specialist practice. From the surgical group, 26 pre-surgical lateral cephalograms were also obtained. Inclusion criteria for the two groups were at least three of the following: (1) an ANB angle of 1 degree or less, (2) a Wits appraisal less than -4 mm, (3) an incisal overjet ≤0 mm, and (4) a Class III molar relationship. All lateral cephalograms were traced and digitised and a number of skeletal, dental and soft tissue variables were measured. The camouflage and surgical groups were also divided into premolar extraction and non-extraction subgroups to allow for a specific analysis of extraction effects.

Results

Before treatment, the surgical group demonstrated, on average, a more severe skeletal discrepancy and increased dental compensations, compared with the orthodontically camouflaged group. After treatment, the mean SNA angle was greater, the ANB angle was more positive, the Wits appraisal was closer to ideal and the lower incisors were less retroclined in the surgery group. There was a small mean reduction in horizontal chin projection in the surgery group compared with a small increase in the camouflage group. The mentolabial fold and the lower lip curve were deeper, on average, and the lips less retrusive after surgery. There was a mean increase in upper incisor proclination during treatment in both the surgical and camouflage groups with a greater increase in the camouflage group. There was a significant reduction in upper incisor proclination and a subsequent greater increase in the ANB angle associated with upper premolar extractions in the surgical group compared with the non-extraction group. Lower premolar extractions in the camouflage group resulted only in a deeper mentolabial fold compared with those treated without lower extractions.

Conclusions

Class III patients selected for surgical treatment are likely to have more severe pretreatment dental and skeletal discrepancies than those selected for camouflage treatment. Surgical treatment is associated with significant decompensation of the lower incisors but, ultimately, not the upper incisors. Class III patients treated with either camouflage or surgery treatment are likely to finish with slightly proclined upper incisors. Generally, surgical treatment results in greater skeletal change, involving normalisation of the skeletal base relationship, a reduction in chin prominence, fuller lips, and a more favourable lip and chin contour.
Bond strength and micro-computed tomographic evaluation of pre-coated brackets
Authors: Bakhadher Waleed , Talic Nabeel , Al Hezaimi Khalid
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal pre-coated orthodontic brackets bonded to fluorotic and non-fluorotic teeth treated with three different etching techniques. A second aim was to determine the volume of adhesive remaining on the tooth at debond using micro-computed tomography (μCT).

Methods

Ninety extracted premolars were selected to include 45 fluorotic (test group) and 45 non-fluorotic (control group) teeth. Each group was divided into three subgroups of 15 each, which were treated as follows: 1) micro-etched; 2) acid-etched; and 3) both micro-etched and acid-etched. A bonding agent was applied to the prepared surfaces; pre-coated and light-cured brackets were attached to all teeth. An Instron universal testing machine was used to record the debonding force. Specimens were then scanned using a microCT to evaluate the amount of adhesive remaining on the teeth. The significance of the statistical tests was pre-determined at p < 0.05.

Results

Two-way ANOVA showed that fluorosis of teeth had no influence on the SBS (p = 0.165) whereas the volume of adhesive remnants was significantly higher in the control group compared with the test group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Fluorosis had no influence on the SBS of brackets, whereas it had a negative influence on retaining adhesives onto the tooth surfaces.
Density matrices in integrable face models
Authors: Frahm Holger , Westerfeld Daniel
Published: September 2021

Using the properties of the local Boltzmann weights of integrable
interaction-round-a-face (IRF or face) models we express local operators
in terms of generalized transfer matrices. This allows for the
derivation of discrete functional equations for the reduced density
matrices in inhomogeneous generalizations of these models. We apply
these equations to study the density matrices for IRF models of various
solid-on-solid type and quantum chains of non-Abelian
\mathbold{su(2)_3}𝐬𝐮(2)3
or Fibonacci anyons. Similar as in the six vertex model we find that
reduced density matrices for a sequence of consecutive sites can be
‘factorized’, i.e. expressed in terms of nearest-neighbour correlators
with coefficients which are independent of the model parameters.
Explicit expressions are provided for correlation functions on up to
three neighbouring sites.
Statistical study of the economic security of the Moscow region
Authors: Дианов Д.В. , Каблуков И.С.
Published: September 2021

Предлагаемая статья посвящена отражению основных полученных результатов научно-исследовательской работы, выполняемой в рамках прикладных исследований органов внутренних дел по выявлению и анализу факторов экономической преступности в регионах страны, и охватывает аналитические аспекты оценки и интерпретации закономерностей, оказывающих влияние на экономическую безопасность Московской области, а также вопросы моделирования тенденций, закономерностей и прогнозирования основных факторов, имеющих наибольшую социальную значимость в области обеспечения безопасности и устойчивого развития региона.

The article investigates the main results of research work carried out within the framework of applied research of the internal Affairs bodies to identify and analyze the factors of economic crime in the country's regions, and covers analytical aspects of the assessment and interpretation of laws impacting on the economic security of the Moscow region, as well as modeling of trends, patterns and predicting the key factors that have the greatest social significance in the field of ensuring security and sustainable development of the region.
Regional aspects of imperfect competition in the domestic labor market
Authors: Кравцевич С.В. , Тулохонов О.С.
Published: September 2021

В статье дана характеристика особым преференциальным территориям в РФ, проведен анализ их развития, показавший ежегодный и активный рост числа ТОСЭР, их резидентов, объемов вложенных инвестиционных ресурсов, числа рабочих мест. Выявлены проблемы в функционировании ТОСЭР. Представлены сведения о текущем состоянии ТОСЭР в Республике Дагестане. Авторами предложена методика оценки эффективности функционирования ТОСЭР, расположенных на территории монопрофильных муниципальных образований (ММО), которая имеет комплексный характер и учитывает многоаспектные особенности функционирования данных территорий, что позволяет получать информацию для принятия управленческих решений, осуществлять мониторинг деятельности ТОСЭР.

Imperfect competition in social and labour relations has no homogeneous effect on regional labour markets. There is a regional segmentation of the domestic labor market under the influence of imperfect competition. Government measures and measures to regulate the domestic labour market have different effects on regional labour markets. In this regard, the weakening of imperfect competition in social and labour relations is seen through the strengthening of the role of the regional labour policy of the population.
Modernization of organizational mechanisms of strategic planning for sustainable development of regions
Authors: Ганченко Д.Н. , Нестеренко Е.С.
Published: September 2021

В статье авторами детально рассмотрены и охарактеризованы основы стратегического планирования устойчивого развития региона. Выделены определенные условия и факторы, формирующие динамику развития региональной экономики на современном этапе. Предложен механизм модернизации организационных основ стратегического планирования устойчивого развития региона в Российской Федерации. Авторами обозначены проблемы развития региональной экономики на современном этапе. Определены приоритеты и перспективы модернизации организационных механизмов стратегического планирования устойчивого развития региона. Также авторы предложили основные принципы совершенствования организационных механизмов стратегического планирования устойчивого развития региона.

In the article, the authors consider in detail and characterize the basics of strategic planning for the sustainable development of the region. Certain conditions and factors that shape the dynamics of the regional economy development at the present stage are identified. A mechanism for modernizing the organizational foundations of strategic planning for the sustainable development of the region in the Russian Federation is proposed. The authors identify the problems of the development of the regional economy at the present stage. Priorities and prospects of modernization of organizational mechanisms of strategic planning of sustainable development of the region are defined. The authors also proposed the main principles for improving the organizational mechanisms of strategic planning for the sustainable development of the region.
Features of brittle fracture of steels at low temperatures
Authors: Гущин С.Н. , Поярков М.С.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассмотрены особенности хрупкого разрушения сталей в условиях низких температур. Разрушение стальных конструкций чаще всего начинается от концентраторов напряжения (производственные дефекты, сварные швы и т.д.) В результате понижения температуры влияние этих факторов резко усиливается. В этом случае требуется применение металла, способного к пластической деформации при низких температурах, поскольку хрупкое разрушение по своим последствиям значительно опаснее, чем пластичное. Пластическая деформация осуществляется за счет перемещения дислокаций, которые являются проявлением несовершенства кристаллический решетки. Под влиянием напряжений при отсутствии препятствий дислокации свободно перемещаются в решетке металла. Понижение температуры приводит к тому, что возрастающий предел текучести достигает значений хрупкой прочности. Существенное влияние на хладостойкость стали оказывают примеси. Влияние примесей связано в первую очередь с загрязнением границ зерен сплавов и уменьшением сил сцепления на плоскостях спайности. Кроме этого, границы зерен характеризуются значительными нарушениями кристаллического строения и являются участками скопления дефектов структуры и включений.

The article deals with the features of brittle fracture of steels at low temperatures. The destruction of steel structures most often begins from stress concentrators (manufacturing defects, welds, etc.) As a result of a decrease in temperature, the influence of these factors increases dramatically. In this case, the use of a metal capable of plastic deformation at low temperatures is required, since brittle destruction is much more dangerous in its consequences than plastic. Plastic deformation is carried out due to the displacement of dislocations, which are a manifestation of the imperfection of the crystal lattice. Under the influence of stresses in the absence of obstacles, dislocations move freely in the metal lattice. A decrease in temperature leads to the fact that the increasing yield strength reaches the values of brittle strength. Impurities have a significant effect on the cold resistance of steel. The influence of impurities is primarily associated with contamination of the grain boundaries of alloys and a decrease in the adhesion forces on the cleavage planes. In addition, the grain boundaries are characterized by significant violations of the crystal structure and are areas of accumulation of structural defects and inclusions.
Dynamics of cruise missile flight
Authors: Донской А.Д. , Сабо С.Е. , Щиканов М.А.
Published: September 2021

Рассматривается система уравнений динамики полета крылатой ракеты с учетом всех факторов воздействия на ее движение в атмосфере.

A system of equations for the dynamics of a cruise missile flight is considered, taking into account all factors affecting its movement in the atmosphere.
Human Resource Procurement in Pesantren? Insight from Pesantren Sirojuth Tholibin
Authors: Sholihah Baqiyatush
Published: September 2021

Human resource procurement is one of the essential stages of organizational decision-making. The scope of procurement consists of planning, recruitment, selection, placement, and orientation of new personnel. Human resources studied in this research are situated in Pesantren comprising of the committee or board; teachers of kitab kuning (classical Arabic Islamic textbook) either with sorogan or bandongan methods; teachers of reciting and memorizing Al-Qur’an; persons in charge of media such as website, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, magazines, and newsletters of Sirojuth Tholibin both. Sirojuth Tholibin commonly used a bottom-up approach in human resources planning.  As a part of the planning process, The institution usually combines unstructured interview and observation methods in job analysis. In recruitment and selection, Sirojuth Tholibin pays more attention to behavioral competencies over technical competencies. Recruitment of committee and teachers usually carried out through the employee referral method. Those recruited and selected are recommendations from previous administrators who understand the background of potential candidates. The placement of new human resources is made based on their respective competencies. Orientation is the responsibility of each department, and the duration is according to the speed of each new individual in capturing new knowledge related to their jobs. The weakness of human resources procurement in Sirojuth Tholibin has no formal written job description and job specification. There is also a lack of management information systems of human resource procurement.
Criticizing Higher Education Policy in Indonesia: Spiritual Elimination and Dehumanisation
Authors: Roqib Moh. , Sarah Siti , As Sabiq Agus Husein , Sobirin Mohamad , Harimi Abdal Chaqil
Published: September 2021

The Ministry of Education and Culture's policy on “Merdeka Belajar” (Freedom of Learning) seeks to enable students to master different valuable disciplines to access the work field (link and match). This article investigates Freedom of Learning policy direction and unpacks freedom of learning from the viewpoint of prophetic education theory. This research employs a literature review process. The information was gathered by studying the Ministry of Education and Culture legislation and laws, literature, and compiled references of the policy. The findings suggested that the Freedom of Learning policy's trajectory accommodates data in the material domains (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor), yet it lacked spirituality. The principle of prophetic education is to move humans to be decent (righteous), to achieve the great humans (insān kāmil), and to improve (muṣliḥ) the world into an ideal environment or society (khaira ummah) capable of bridging the gap the means. Professional education continues to carry out a constant, creative mechanism to get citizens closer to God (transcendence) through digitally increasing human ideals and avoiding harmful stuff (liberation). Competence in the policy of independent learning is maintained by prophetic education.
Forecast of regional water demand based on NSGAII-FORAGM
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Chunye , Tang Li
Published: September 2021

Regional water demand is an important basic data for regional engineering planning, design and management. Making full use of multi-source data and prior knowledge to quickly and economically obtain high-precision regional water demand is of great significance to the optimal allocation of regional water resources. In order to accurately predict the regional water demand, this study took Yulin City as a research area to predict the water demand of the city from 2017 to 2019. Aiming at the oscillating characteristics of the regional water demand sequence and the over-fitting problem of traditional prediction models, this study proposed the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II-fractional order reverse accumulative grey model (NSGAII-FORAGM). The regional water demand oscillation sequence was transformed into a monotonically decreasing non-negative sequence. Based on the transformation sequence, an optimization model was constructed according to the two objective functions of ‘maximum (or minimum) order’ and ‘best fit to historical data’, and the NSGAII method was adopted to solve the model. The three model structures of ‘fractional order’, ‘reverse accumulation’ and ‘obtaining order through multi-objective optimization model ‘ were tested based on the water use sequence of the three sectors (industry, tertiary industry and domestic) in Yulin City, and the performance of the method is compared with NSGAII-IORAGM, NSGAII-FOFAGM and SOGA-FORAGM. The results showed that the average relative error of the model established in this study for the simulation of industry, tertiary industry (the tertiary industry is a technical name for the service sector of the economy, which encompasses a wide range of businesses), and domestic was 15.54%, 11.20%, 9.98% respectively. The average relative error of the model established in this study for the prediction of industry, tertiary industry and domestic was 9.46%, 7.9%, and 1.8%, respectively. For the simulation of water demand sequences in three sections, the simulation average relative errors of the other three models were not absolutely dominant except for the SOGA-FORAGM model. The average relative predicted error by the model in this study was the smallest (the relative errors of the three sequence predictions for industry, tertiary industry and domestic were lower than the relative errors of the optimal results of the comparison model, which were 0.97%, 0.72% and 4.5%, respectively), indicating that the model had certain applicability for the water demand prediction of various sectors (industry, tertiary industry and domestic) in the region compared with other models, and can improve the accuracy of the prediction results.
Microbiota profile in mesophilic biodigestion of sugarcane vinasse in batch reactors
Authors: Iltchenco Janaina , Peruzzo Vanessa , Eva Magrini Flaviane , Marconatto Letícia , Paula Torres Ana , Luiz Beal Lademir , Paesi Suelen
Published: September 2021

The vinasse is a residue of ethanol production with the potential for methane production, requiring an allochthonous inoculum. Several microorganisms act in the different phases of anaerobic digestion, and the identification of these microbial communities is essential to optimize the process. The characterization of the microbiota involved in the biodigestion of vinasse was observed in the initial stage (IS), at the peak of methane production (MS) and the end of the process (FS) of the best performance assay by high-throughput sequencing. The highest methane production was 0.78 mmolCH4.gVS.h−1 at 243.7 h in the substrate/inoculum ratio of 1.7, with consumption partial of acetic, propionic and isobutyric acids and an 82% reduction of chemical oxygen demand. High microbial diversity was found. The genera Clostridium, Acinetobacter, Candidatus Cloacamonas, Bacteroides, Syntrophomonas, Kosmotoga, the family Porphyromonadaceae and the class Bacteroidia were the most abundant in the maximum methane production. Methane production was driven by Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta, suggesting the metabolic pathways used were hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic.
Production and modification of hydrochar from anaerobically digested cattail for adsorbing ammonium and phosphorous in wastewater
Authors: Ghimire Sanjaya , Wang Lijun , Zhang Bo , Li Xin , Shahbazi Abolghasem
Published: September 2021

Water contamination by nitrogen and phosphorus ions has a direct consequence of eutrophication to the ecosystem. The objective of this study is to investigate the production of hydrochars by acetic acid or sodium hydroxide assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), various activation methods, and the potential of hydrochar as an adsorbent to remove NH4+-N and PO43−-P from wastewater. The results showed that acetic acid or sodium hydroxide assisted HTC and activation with magnesium chloride or air could improve the surface properties of hydrochar. Acetic acid modification generated extensive oxygenated functional groups, while sodium hydroxide modification produced hydrochar with a high N/C ratio and surface aromaticity. Treating hydrochar with magnesium chloride could impregnate nano-magnesium particles on the hydrochar, thereby improving the ability to remove N and P. Air activation of hydrochar resulted in more oxygen containing functional groups. The NH4+-N and PO43−-P adsorption capacities of these hydrochars ranged from 92.6 to 122.4mg/g and 1.6 to 15.8mg/g, respectively. The adsorption capacity of hydrochars in swine wastewater is similar to the results of artificial wastewater. The results suggested that Mg-nanoparticle dispersion and oxygen-containing functional groups played a major role in adsorption than ion exchange and physisorption.
Essential Oils as Alternative Promising Anti-Candidal Agents: Progress and
Prospects
Authors: Shala Awad , Singh Shweta , Hameed Saif , Khurana S.M. Paul
Published: September 2021

:

Candida albicans is one of the main agents responsible for opportunistic pathogenic infections. The
progressive emergence of fungal resistance to conventional antibiotics and its side effects, as well as treatment
costs, are considered major limitations for antifungal drugs. It has drawn scientists' attention to the search for
potential substitution and reliable therapeutic alternatives for the antifungal compounds from sources like medicinal
plants, which contain numerous bioactive compounds such as essential oils. Essential oils (EO), apart
from having lower toxicity and better biodegradability, are eco-friendly in nature as compared with conventional
antibiotics. Furthermore, extracted essential oils have been reported to possess potent antimicrobial, antiinflammatory,
and antioxidant properties that nominate them as promising natural candidates to combat numerous
fungal ailments. Thus, the determination of antifungal efficacy of essential oil-bearing plants on Candida
spp. will provide miscellaneous knowledge for future clinical studies that are required for the development of
new formulations as alternative therapeutic agents to control the growth of Candida species. Therefore, this review
summarizes the gist of major essential oils that have been investigated for their anti- Candida potential
with some recommendations for further study.
Frequency of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Children with Cardiological Consulting and Containing Electrocardiogram
Authors: Nezami Alireza , Heidari Ghobad , Tarhani Fariba , Oliaee Fatemeh
Published: September 2021

Background:

Heart diseases are the leading causes of mortality and Congenital Heart
Disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect reported worldwide.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of arrhythmias and CHD and the association
between the two, among infants and children reported to our center.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included infants and children who were referred to Shahid Madani
Hospital, Khorramabad. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed in these children to determine
the type of arrhythmia and records were used to obtain demographic data and the data regarding
CHD.

Results :

Of 200 children enrolled in the study, 10 children had arrhythmias, 12 had tachycardia, 5
had bradycardia, and 31 had congenital disease. Among children with arrhythmias, 1 had atrial fibrillation,
4 patients had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 1 person had right bundle branch
block, 1 had ventricular tachycardia, 2 had premature ventricular contractions and 1 had junctional
ectopic tachycardia. Of the 31 children with CHD, 9 patients were presented with small ventricular
septal defect, 4 children had patent foramen ovale, 2 had pulmonary stenosis and 1 of the children
had tetralogy of fallout, arterial and ventricular septal defects and transposition of greater arteries,
respectively.

Conclusion:

We reported a positive correlation between the arrhythmias and CHD. A larger number
of studies collecting focusing on different age groups are therefore required to verify our findings.
Applications of Flory’s Statistical Theory to Ionic Liquids in the Extended Pressure Range and at Different Temperatures
Authors: Ramakant  , Shrivastava Subhash Chandra , Srivastava Shekhar , Pandey Jata Dhari
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Flory’s statistical theory (FST), for the first time, has been applied
successfully to two pure ionic liquids, [C3mim][NTf2] and [C5mim][NTf2], in an extended
range of pressure (0.10 – 59.9 MPa) and at different temperatures (298.15 – 333.15
K).

Methods:

Density and sound speed data have been employed to compute a number of useful
and important properties of these ionic liquids in the light of FST. Using Flory parameters
(P*, T*, V*, P̃, T̃, Ṽ), the expression for the surface tension (σ) has been deduced in
the form σ = σ* σ (Ṽ), with σ* and σ (Ṽ) being the characteristic and reduced values of
surface tension. Since the experimental σ of liquids is not known, the validity of FST has
been tested by calculating “u” using four different u-ρ- σ correlations, namely Auerbach
(1948), Altenberg (1950), Singh et al. (1997), and Modified Auerbach (2016).

Results:

Several useful and important properties of ionic liquids, under varying physical
conditions, have been deduced and compared to the observed ones with a quite satisfactory
agreement. Such properties include Pint, van der Waals constants (a & b), parachor [P],
Eötvas constant (kB), energy (ΔEV) and heat of vaporization (ΔHV), cohesive energy density
(ced), polarity index (n), and solubility parameter (δ).

Conclusion:

In this study, the validity of FST to two ionic liquids under the present study
has been confirmed.
Effects of Host Plants on the Growth, Reproduction, and Defense in Pea Aphids, Acyrthosiphon Pisum
Authors: Martin Martin John , Hu Zuqing , Lu Zhiqiang
Published: September 2021

Background:

Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) possess a weak immune system, but
they can firmly mount immunological responses. However, the influence of different plants on
their defense against different microbes remains largely unknown. In addition, no previous research
has integrated the growth, reproduction, and defense responses of pea aphids feeding on
different plants.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the growth, reproduction, and defense responses of pea
aphids feeding on different plants.

Methods:

Pea aphids were cultivated on both Medicago sativa and Vicia faba. Growth and reproduction
were evaluated. Additionally, we monitored the survival and microbial loads of pea
aphids after bacterial and fungal infections.

Results :

Pea aphids reared on M. sativa had lower growth, lower intrinsic rate of increase, and
lower finite rate of increase when compared to aphids feeding on V. faba. The net reproduction
was lower in aphids feeding on M. sativa, although the difference was not significant. The mean
time of generation and pre-reproductive periods was longer for aphids reared on M. sativa than for
aphids reared on V. faba. In the infection experiments, we found that aphid survival was not affected
by the host plant. However, aphids reared on M. sativa generally harbored fewer microbial
loads than those reared on V. faba.

Conclusions:

The growth and reproduction of pea aphids are affected by the host plant. Aphids
feeding on different plants had different tolerances to microbial infections. Our study sheds light
on improving biological control program for aphids.
BIOLOGI DAN STATISTIK DEMOGRAFI Aphis glycines PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI
Authors: Putra Exa Ricky Choirul , Rahardjo Bambang Tri
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan mendapatkan informasi mengenai aspek biologi dan statistik demografi Aphis glycines pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama dan Rumah Kawat, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang pada bulan November 2019 sampai Maret 2020. Pengamatan biologi meliputi siklus hidup, lama hidup, dan keperidian A. glycines, digunakan dalam perhitungan data demografi. Parameter demografi meliputi laju reproduksi kotor (GRR), laju reproduksi bersih (R0), laju pertambahan instrinsik (rm), dan masa generasi (T). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa A. glycines mempunyai tahap perkembangan meliputi fase nimfa instar I sampai instar IV dengan rataan perkembangan berturut-turut berlangsung selama 1,000; 1,118; 1,068; 1,091 hari. Rataan siklus hidup A. glycines terjadi selama 4,352 hari dengan keperidian 50,363 individu/imago betina. Sedangkan rataan lama hidup A. glycines yaitu 12,843 hari. Nilai statistik demografi A. glycines pada tanaman kedelai diperoleh antara lain nilai GRR sebanyak 50,373 individu/generasi, nilai R0 sebanyak 35,681 individu/ induk/generasi, nilai rm sebanyak 0,285 individu/induk/hari, dan nilai T yaitu 12,557 hari.
Гальваномагнитные свойства в анизотропных слоистых пленках на основе халькогенидов висмута
Authors: Усов О.А. , Лукьянова Л.Н. , Волков М.П.
Published: September 2021

In anisotropic layered films of a multicomponent n-Bi1.92In0.02Te2.85Se0.15 solid solution in strong magnetic fields from 2 to 14 T at low temperatures, quantum oscillations of magnetoresistance associated with surface states of electrons in 3D topological insulators were studied. From the analysis of the spectral distribution of the amplitudes of quantum oscillations of magnetoresistance, the main parameters of the Dirac fermion surface states are determined. A comparison of the results with the data obtained by the method of scanning tunnel spectroscopy was carried out. It is shown that a high surface concentration determines the contribution of the Dirac fermion surface states to the thermoelectric properties of n-Bi1.92In0.02Te2.85Se0.15.
Атомистическое моделирование решеточных свойств SnSe
Authors: Филанович А.Н. , Лысогорский Ю.В. , Повзнер А.А.
Published: September 2021

We have performed a set of ab initio calculations of the ground state energy as a function of volume, elastic properties, and phonon spectra of tin selenide in its various crystalline modifications. Based on the obtained data set, the potential of interatomic interaction of SnSe is constructed using the atomic cluster expansion (ACE) method. The potential is further used to study the temperature dependences of thermal and elastic properties of SnSe in the framework of quasi-harmonic approximation.