bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot Research on Outer Loop EGSB Anaerobic Reactor for Pulping and Papermaking Wastewater
Authors: Wang Xin Yu , Zhang Yi Fan , Li Wen Qian , Chen Jia Chuan , Wang Shuang Fei
Published: December 2013

EGSB anaerobic reactor is used to treat the papermaking wastewater, and this paper explore the law of its quick start, HRT and operation cost. Results showed that, during the 47 days, at the condition of inlet COD concentration 2000mg/l, HRT 8h, ascending velocity 0.8m/h, gas output 3600L/d, the COD removal rate can reach up to 65%, and the operation cost is 0.75Yuan/t.
Using of AOP Process for Phenol Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Galbičková Blanka , Blinová Lenka , Soldán Maroš
Published: December 2013

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed as an emerging technology for hazardous organic treatment in industrial wastewater. For phenol removing from wastewater traditional disinfection by chlorine is not appropriate because of generating more toxic pollutants - chlorophenols so AOPs are widely used for disinfection of this kind of water. In this paper for phenol degradation is used physico-chemical method (ozonization). Also influence of catalyst is monitored. As catalyst red mud and black nickel mud are used. These catalysts are waste from metal production. Results from analyses are compared.
Acid Light Yellow Removal from Wastewater Using Peanut Shell-Based Activated Carbon
Authors: Zhai Lin Zhi , Li Gang
Published: December 2013

Peanut shell-based activated carbon was prepared by 60% zinc chloride activation. The activation temperature was 923K and activation time was 90min. The activated carbon was applied on the removal of acid light yellow from wastewater. The effects of the amount of adsorbent, the initial dye concentration and pH value of solution were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions for dye removal: activated carbon dosage of 2.5g/L, initial dye concentration of 50mg/L, pH value of 3. The color removal efficiency attained above 95%. It is concluded that activated carbon developed from peanut shell could be effective and practical for utilizing in dye wastewater treatment.
Preliminary Study on the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium in Wastewater with Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Wu Ji Ming , Cheng Sheng Gao
Published: December 2013

The paper focused on a self-developed methodology through using sulfur dioxide to deal with high concentration of chromium-containing wastewater. It studied the effects of different pH values, different reaction time, different temperatures and different amounts of sulfur with sulfur dioxide reduction reaction on the chromium-containing wastewater. The results showed that: when the reaction conditions were controlled as follows: the pH values ranged from 2 to 4, the reaction temperature was controlled 40~60°C, the amount of sulfur in theoretical was 1.2 times and the reaction time was 40 min, the hexavalent chromium in the high concentrations of chromium-containing wastewater could be effectively removed.
Study on the Selective Grazing of Zooplankton in Plankton Ecosystem
Authors: Zheng Yan Lin , Lv Zhuo Ying
Published: December 2013

Harmful algal blooms (Habs) caused great harm to the human environment. Habs occurrence was connected with other types of plankton. This relationship may be restrictive, and may also be promotional. Selectivity of zooplankton grazing has an important influence on the Habs. The behavior of zooplankton selective grazing was studied in the plankton ecosystem formed by three populations of nontoxic phytoplankton-toxic phytoplankton-zooplankton (NTP-TTP-Z) system. The selective grazing function of zooplankton on toxic phytoplankton and non-toxic phytoplankton was built based on Holling type IV functional response. Numerical simulation was given depending on the laboratory data. Results show that the models nicely explained the selective grazing behavior of zooplankton in the three species ecosystem, and provided key parameters for the marine ecosystem dynamics models.
The Treatment Mode and Key Techniques to the Complex Chemical Wastewater
Authors: Liu Lei , Ma Yong Shan , Zhu Li , Wang Yan Yan
Published: December 2013

The performance of a dual and multi-stage treatment system which was made up of two-stage whole stillage anaerobic fermentation (WSAF), an internal circulation reactor (IC), an anoxic/aerobic reactor (A/O) and a biological aerated filter (BAF), was investigated for the treatment of complex chemical wastewater with an influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 700-55,000 mg/L. According to different wastewater sources and qualities, different types of wastewater were inputted into the treatment system. More than 95% of CODCr and suspended substance (SS) could be removed by anaerobic treatment. Approximately 4% of CODCr and SS could be removed during the phases of A/O and BAF. The highest values of CODCr, BOD5, NH3-N and SS in the treated effluent were 87.0, 19.7, 14.5 and 38.0 mg/L, respectively.
Cobalt Ion Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Xu Xiao , Yang Qiang , Wang Chao Yang
Published: December 2013

Cobalt ions, which are commonly found in low concentrations in industrial wastewater, are toxic, biocumulative, and hard to degrade. Therefore, the removal of these heavy metal ions from wastewater is highly important. The removal of Co (II) from aqueous solutions using untreated and alkali-modified coal fly ash was studied. The results for untreated fly ash show that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation better fits the observed adsorption progress. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms could describe the reaction efficiently, and the maximum adsorption capacity for Co (II) was 237 mg·g-1at 20°C. Pretreating the fly ash with an alkali solution decreases the adsorption capability, possibly by destroying the zeolite structure. When the ratio of the fly ash dose and Co (II) concentration is between 40 and 60, the removal rate of Co (II) at a concentration of 20 mg·L-1reaches 99.95%.
Study of Pretreatment and Analysis Method in Detecting TN in Waste Water by HPLC
Authors: Ji Xiao Na , Liu Jing , Ai Sheng Shu , Bian De Jun
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a method combined of HPLC and DAD in detecting the total nitrogen index in urban waste water and studies the digestion condition of the sample pretreatment. The result shows that after pressurized digestion and adjusting pH to around 7.0 with phosphoric acid buffer solution, the sample can be applied chromatographic analysis. The chromatographic analysis is conducted with phosphoric acid buffer solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase, flow velocity 0.8mL.min-1, column temperature 30 °C, intake-sample volume 10 μL,with ODS as the stationary phase, and the sample is detected with wavelength of 208nm. The linearly dependent coefficient of standard curve is 0.9971, the linearity range is 0.10-30.0mg·L-1, relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than 12%, the recycle rate is 107-159%,detection limit (S/N=2.4) reaches 0.05ng.
Influencing Factors of the In Situ Formed Iron Hydroxide (FeOxHy) on the Removal of Phosphate by Coagulation and Adsorption
Authors: Sun Li Hua , Yu Tian Min , Chen Xue Ru , Qi Xiao Lu , Zhang Ya Jun
Published: December 2013

This study prepared the in situ formed iron hydroxide (in situ FeOxHy) by the interactions between Fe3+ and OH- at different molar ratios of 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The influences of molar ratios and pH on the removal of phosphate were investigated and the surface of in situ FeOxHy before and after adsorption was analyzed. The phosphate removal rate with mass unit iron hydroxide is greater at the molar ratios of 1:3 between Fe3+ and OH-. The phosphate removal rate is maximum at the pH 6~7. The compatibility of iron hydroxide towards raw water pH value is better when the proportion of hydroxyl ion is greater. The disposal effect is good at the pH 4~9. The iron hydroxide formed at different molar ratios is not definitive shape and it can remove phosphate by the chemical action of adsorption and sedimentation.
Reducing Building Waste by Reconstruction and Reutilization
Authors: Ye Hai , Cheng Jun , Zhuang Zhi
Published: December 2013

Ghost towns of empty houses, short-lived buildings and plants functional change etc. are big building waste problems in China. To create a low-carbon society, reasonable reconstruction work is necessary. Also as the rapid development of high and new technology, building services is improved continuously. More energy efficient and reliable products are required. In this paper, the analysis on different type of building and services upgrading was carried out. For these upgrading schemes, their merits and disadvantages are discussed.
Study on Genetic Engineering Bacteria's Promoting Effect to Heavy Metal Leaching
Authors: Hao Qiang
Published: December 2013

We studyed on the “the binding capacity of EPS and Fe3+”,“the promoting effect experiment of EPS-Fe3+ to the leaching of Cr, Pb”and the “distribution characteristics of heavy metals in EPS,inside and outside cells”.Proved that large molecular EPS (MT) and Fe3+ tend to form a stable complex EPS (MT)-Fe3+. Unit mass of macromolecular EPS binding ability to Fe3+ is 10.7mg/mgEPS.And with the addition of EPS (MT)-Fe3+ complex, Cr, Pb in sludge by bioleaching removal rate increased by 1.48, 1.25 times.The distribution characteristics of heavy metal ions in the cell into three types: type EPS, intracellular type, balance type.
Study on Thermal Characteristics of Waste Wooden Sleeper
Authors: Kwon Tae Soon , Jung Woo Sung , Lee Jae Young , Kim Bo Kyong
Published: December 2013

The wooden sleeper laid in the railroad is highly contaminated by the preservative such as creosote used in the production process. And the secondary contamination of wooden sleeper happened from the leakage of diesels and lubricant oils. Recently the concrete sleeper has replaced the wooden sleepers. But the wooden sleepers are still used and the huge amount of waste wooden sleeper are discharged every year. Due to the environmental toxicity of contaminants in waste wooden sleeper, the waste wooden sleeper is categorized as the specified waste and its disposal should be carefully conducted. But there is not alternative method except the incineration. In this study, the thermal extraction characteristics of waste wooden sleeper in high temperature were investigated to observe the feasibility of the disposal and reuse of waste wooden sleeper.
Effects of Metal Oxides during Pyrolysis Sludge by Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Liu Ren Ping , Yao Rui , Dong Bin Bin
Published: December 2013

On the basis of proximate analysis, element analysis and calorific value that carried out on the sewage sludge, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was conducted on the research of sewage sludge pyrolysis. The loss of sludge under different heating rates was comparative analyzed. And we calculated the activation energy by using Ozawa method, Satava method was also used to infer the most probable mechanism function and kinetic parameters. the result shows that sludge pyrolysis process can be divided into three parts as 200-450°C,450-600°C and above 600°C, the Reaction mechanism functions for the pre main two parts were G(α)=(1-α)-1 and G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]2/3respectively. Its proved that Al2O3,MgO probably inhibited the decomposition while Fe2O3,CaO,ZnO promoted the degradation of organic matters under 200-450°C. CaO and Fe2O3 showed advantage while MgO, Al2O3, ZnO turned to be disadvantagble when temperature arised to 450-600°C. At the end of pyrolysis, the advantage effects order on pyrolysis : Al2O3> Fe2O3>MgO >ZnO>CaO.
New Approach for Industrial Hazardous Solid Waste Disposal Technology
Authors: Fu Zhong Jun , Sun Rui , Wang Hong , Huang Hao Fei
Published: December 2013

A review on the sources, current status and related disposal technology of industrial hazardous waste (IHW) in domestic and overseas. The diverse and complicated sources of current solid waste were analyzed. Based on the current researches on the disposal technology and management of IHW, approaches for the development of the solid waste disposal technology was recommended. According to this research, the government should increase the investment to introduce advanced disposal technology and management from abroad, and improve the level of disposal facilities.
Research and Application of Greening Waste Composting
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Hong Yuan , Li Xin
Published: December 2013

The present situation of composting greening wastes was reviewed in this paper. The feasibility of composting garden wastes was analyzed, and some related technical processes including the treatment of materials, the adjustment of C/N ratio, and the choice of strains were described. Then the use of composting products was analyzed at home and abroad. Finally, the prospect of waste composting in China was discussed.
Classification and Collection of Foreign Domestic Waste
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Meng Ge , Duan Jia Xun
Published: December 2013

To achieve the principles of reduction, resource and harmless disposal of domestic waste, developed countries started early domestic waste classification management, and the management methods are extremely strict and detailed. The classification method, classification requirements and collection methods of domestic waste in several developed countries were discussed, hope can provide reference and guidance for the classification, collection management of domestic waste in China.
Influence of Nitrogen Nutrients on Hyperaccumulation of Sedum alfredii Hance under Complex Heavy Metals Stress
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ling , Yang Qiao
Published: December 2013

Heavy metals contamination is a major environmental issue, and phytoremediation is a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional cleanup techniques for heavy metal contaminated sites. this paper is intended to explore the influence of different nitrogen nutrient levels on hyperaccumulation of sedum alfredii, a promising hyperaccumulating plant species for the phytoremediation exposured to complex contaminations. The obtained results indicated that the proper increasing of nutriogen nutrient levels enhanced the accumulation capacity of complex heavy metals in sedum alfredii hance.
The Verification of Usage Possibilities of the Hazardous Waste Solidification Product in the Construction of Road Embankment
Authors: Vacenovska Bozena , Drochytka Rostislav , Bina Tomas
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a fraction of the ongoing research at the Faculty of Civil Engineering Brno University of Technology which is devoted to the verification of the possibility to use solidification products prepared from selected types of hazardous waste in building industry. Presented paper deals with the verification of possibility of its use as a material used in the construction of road embankment. Two types of hazardous waste were chosen - the first of these is an inorganic waste sludge from the wire drawing process (indicated as A) and the second is waste pressed sludge from the neutralization station from tooling (indicated as B).Solidification formulas for these wastes were proposed, then sample specimens were prepared and laboratory tested in accordance to their future use were provided.
Preparation of Calcium Carbonate by Calcium Carbide Residue
Authors: Lv Shu Zhan , Zhao Shi Yong , Liu Mei Mei , Wu Pei Pei
Published: December 2013

the carbide can be used as of Calcium carbide residue is a kind of industrial waste produced in the preparation of acetylene gas from hydrated calcium carbide, and the main component of the calcium carbide residue is calcium hydroxide. In this paper, the production of calcium carbonate by calcium carbide residue was studied, and carbide slag and ammonium bicarbonate was the main materials. The impurity in the carbide slag was removed through the leaching reaction, and the calcium carbonate was prepared by liquid-liquid reaction. The different reaction conditions which had an influence on the grain diameter of the product in the process of leaching and carbonation reaction were also investigated. The characteristics of materials and products in the experiment were tested by XRD, SEM and laser particle size instrument. The results showed that the calcium carbide residue after appropriately treated can be used as the raw materials to prepare calcium carbonate in different particle size.
Macromolecular Products from Biosolids and its Morphologic Change Employing Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Yin Feng Jun , Xu Yuan Jian , Wang Guang Wei , Yang Shu , Chen Hong Zhen , Chen Zhong
Published: December 2013

Hydrothermal treatment is a benefit process for the mass reduction, stabilization and recycling of biosolids, however, the mutual relation between mass transfer and physicochemical property are still unclear. Our work undertook the hydrothermal treatment of biosolids in batch reactors under different temperature ranged from 180-300°C. Result showed that protein and carbohydrate were the primary macromolecular compounds in initial hydrothermal reaction, and protein was richer but less stable than carbohydrate. Temperature is a key factor affecting the organic matter transferring process between solid and liquid phase, reaction efficiency markedly reduced when temperature drop to 180°C. Morphologic change of biosolids was observed, including a rapid dewatering process in initial reaction and disintegration process to small size particles.
Biomass Boiler Exhaust Gas Temperature Factors Analysis
Authors: Lv Wei , Zhang Xiao Nan , Li Rui Yang , Zhao Zhong Xia , Lin Xi Yu , Cheng Chao , Han Jian Wei
Published: December 2013

The problems of the high exhaust gas temperature in the biomass boiler which moves normally are analyzed, and the anti-balance method to get the boiler efficiency is used to get the relationship between the exhaust gas temperature and the boiler efficiency. Greater exhaust gas heat loss, smaller the boiler efficiency. According to 35t/h biomass grate boiler, the factors which affect exhaust gas temperature are analyzed and summarized
Municipal Solid Waste Management in Russia: Practices and Challenges
Authors: Sheina Svetlana , Babenko Liya
Published: December 2013

It is annually produced 400 thousand tons of solid waste in the city of Rostov-on-Don, which is taken for disposal to landfill at the Northwest industrial area of the city. Nearly 60 tons of waste enters Rostov Material Recovery Facility every year for the sorting, extracting commercially attractive factions, pressing, briquetting and subsequent transportation of residue tail to the landfill. However, the percentage of recycling in Rostov (10%) remains low, as a result of the shortcomings of the system. Recently, the Administration of Rostov-on-Don has produced a development strategy of integrated municipal solid waste management to create a new system of waste management in Rostov-on-Don. The strategy focuses mainly at Resource efficiency, which is a blend of good infrastructure, collection and design, with a dash of innovation and a strong policy framework to back it up. For the successful implementation of the strategy it is necessary to introduce an integrated system of municipal solid waste management using GIS. The methodology of integrated system with using GIS was developed by specialists of City Planning and Community Development Department of the Rostov State University of Civil Engineering. It includes implementation of collection and storage of waste and environmental data along with vehicles navigation system through ArcGIS ESRI software. It helps to facilitate collection operations, to analyze optimal locations for transfer stations, to plan routes for vehicles transporting waste from residential, commercial and industrial customers to transfer stations and from transfer stations to landfills, to calculate amount of waste collection sites in accordance with the population density and volume of bins, to locate new landfills and to monitor the landfill. GIS is a tool that also provides a digital data bank for optimization of waste collection sites allocation according with implementation of General City Plan. The territory of Rostov-on-Don has been chosen for case study. GIS allowed to make situational (operational) decisions for implementing the strategic approach to the municipal solid waste management plan of the city and supported innovative accompaniment of the process of development and implementation of priority national projects, targeted programs of ecological reconstruction and strategic plans of socio-economic development of municipalities.
Transfer of PBDEs from TV Housing Plastics to Aqueous Media
Authors: Duong Minh Ngoc , Li Yue , Duan Yan Ping , Chen Ling
Published: December 2013

To investigate the transfer of PBDEs from products into the aqueous media, experiments and analysis were carried out by contacting TV housing plastics with distilled and dissolved humic solution (DHS) in brown bottles in the artificial climate box. The leaching test conditions were a liquid-to solid ratio of 100:1, and a contact period of 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 20 day (s), with pH of 3, 5, 7, 9 and temperature of 15, 20, 25 °C. The leaching concentrations of PBDE increased with DHS rather than distilled water, and were found to be remarkably enhanced when TOC of DHS increased. Despite no detection of most of the lower BDEs in distilled water, most homologues could be detected in DHS, and their solubility increased according to the contact time; those of highly BDEs increased to 10 times their maximum solubility in distilled water. Temperature had limited influence for the limited range investigated. Lower pH generally resulted in higher transfer of PBDEs to aqueous phase.
Treatment of Micro-Polluted Water with Diatomite-Enhanced Coagulation
Authors: Tan Feng Xun , Lu Nan , Wu Dao Ji , Wang Ning , Zhou Rong Zhen
Published: December 2013

Raw micro-polluted water was sampled from a water treatment plant in Gaomi, a town in north China. The treatment with diatomite-enhanced coagulation was investigated, including the effect of dose and the dosing point of diatomite on enhanced coagulation. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of turbidity, color, UV254 and CODMn could reach 78.99 %, 76.19 %, 29.63 % and 22.77 %, respectively, when 15 mg/L diatomite was added at 30 minutes before coagulation. It was found that the optimum pH of diatomite-enhanced coagulation was approximately 6~7.
Analysis of Domestic Media Reported Burst Events on Water Distribution System in 2012
Authors: Zou Jun , Li Shu Ping , Zhao Zi Wei
Published: December 2013

By means of the Internet platform for rapid and timely, the relevant data of domestic media in 2012 reported burst events were collected and collated. The statistics showed that burst mainly occurred in the southern coastal cities; winter was the main season for burst, especially in January, February and December; in July burst also was frequent; 5:00-17:00 was a dangerous phase during a whole day; the trunk road intersection or crossings and the construction site were more likely to become the incident locations. Generally recognizing that improper construction and aging were the main reasons for burst. The diameter of burst was concentrated in DN300-DN600, DN800 and DN1000-DN1200, especially in DN600. Pipes of cast iron pipes and cement pipes, and pipes pipeline in 20-30 years old was more likely to burst.
Analysis of Emission Reduction Measures of City Stormwater Runoff and Facility Size
Authors: Luo Yi , Dai Xue Min , Wu Hong Juan
Published: December 2013

This paper analyzes the urban runoff reduction measures facilities scale. Analyze and conclude the relationship data between existing-pipeline-controlled rainfall return period and runoff coefficient, by using source control. Calculate and conclude the design scale of ecological measures and storage pools, draw the corresponding generalized model, by using peak flow reduction, volume reduction and flow reduction measures.
Effect of Water Deficit at Tuber Initiation on Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tuber Yield and Efficiency of Water Use
Authors: Wang Ya Mei , Chai Qiang , Zhang Heng Jia
Published: December 2013

A trial was conducted to determine the effect of water deficit at tuber initiation of potato regulated with mulched drip irrigation on tuber yield and efficiency of water use in an arid environment. The results indicated that tuber yield of potato was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 12.7%~23.2% under water deficits compared to full irrigation while potato water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were significantly increased by 10.6%~14.2% and 9.4%~10.6% respectively, but no difference (p>0.05) was found both in water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency between water deficit treatments. Therefore, soil water deficit at tuber initiation regulated with mulched drip irrigation could be used to effectively improve potato water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency in an arid environment.
Solvent-Free Stereoselective Synthesis of Chalcones via Wittig Reaction of Arsonium Ylide by Grinding
Authors: Wang Chang Qing
Published: December 2013

A solvent-free process for the stereoselective preparation of chalcones by grinding is described. Its advantages are easy workup, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and environmental friendliness.
Research in the Cold Pad-Batch Dyeing Process for the Cationic Cotton
Authors: Teng Xiao Xu , Shi Jian Wei , Zhang Shu Fen
Published: December 2013

Cotton fabrics pretreated with cationic polyacrylamide with quaternary ammonium group were dyed with three reactive dyes in the absence of salt by cold pad-batch dyeing method. The influences of various conditions in the dyeing process, including urea dosage, selection of alkali agent and its dosage, batching time and batching temperature on colour yield, were analyzed. Fastness properties of the dyed cotton and the dye penetration were investigated between the pretreated and untreated cotton. The results showed that the dyesK/Svalues of the pretreated cotton were improved compared with those of the untreated one, in addition, the penetration and fastness properties of the dyed cationic cotton were satisfied for application.
Cold-Pad-Batch Dyeing of Silk with Laccifer lacca Kerr. and Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz Bark
Authors: Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol , Nakpathom Monthon , Punrattanasin Nattaya
Published: December 2013

Cold-pad-batch technique of silk dyeing fabric with two natural dyes (Laccifer lacca Kerr. And Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz bark) using pre-mordant are performed using 3 different mordants namely, alum, tartaric acid and ferrous sulfate. The study showed that color intensity (K/S) slightly increased when the batching time increased from 1 to 24 hours. Dyed silk fabrics have different color shades depending on the types of mordant applied. Ferrous sulfate and alum was found to be the best mordants for improvements of color depth. Various fastness properties (wash, crock and light) of the dyed silk fabrics have also been investigated.
Rating Curve Determination for a Cross-Section in Liangtanhe Irrigation District
Authors: Chang Bao , Zhang Zhong Yuan , Wang Ming Xing , Zhang Wei Hua
Published: December 2013

Continuous measurement of flow for a channel section is usually impractical or very expensive. However, stage can be observed continuously or at regular short time intervals with comparative ease and economy. In the paper, we measured the stage by ultrasonic finder and calculating discharge from velocity measured by current meter and channel size. According to the discharge and stage of the cross-section, we fitted the rating curve and further made the hypothesis test to verify the real relationship between stage and flow. This will help the local authority to decide the amount of water diverted from the reservoir to farmland and improve the irrigation efficiency.
An Assessment of Rainfall Measurement Based on TRMM Products
Authors: Jie Gao
Published: December 2013

Contrasts between TRMM 3B43 monthly data and rainfall observations of 720 stations in China are conducted based on a linear regression model. During January 1999 and December 2007, there is a significant correlation between TRMM data and the observed ones with an average r2 0.834. TRMM data performs better in the South and North, especially for flat regions. Limited by radar signal degradation due to heavy rain and low resolution of monitoring, TRMM data have better results in low-flow season than that in flood season. TRMM data cover all the places in middle and low latitudes. It is useful for long-term water resources planning, drought analysis in ungauged basins (PUB), and will be helpful for flood warning. Spatiotemporal data with higher resolution will greatly promote the development of hydrology in the future.
The 3D Numerical Simulation of Flow Field on Y-Shape Flaring Gate Piers Combined with Stepped Spillway
Authors: Yang Ju Rui , Hou Xiao Xia , Zhang Qiu Yue
Published: December 2013

The energy dissipater of stepped spillway combined with flaring gate pier is widely used in china's hydraulic engineering. The finite volume method is applied to discrete analysis, with the RNG turbulence model and VOF model of water vapor two-phase, iterative solution of geometry reconstruction format unsteady flow to generate free surface. Adopting structured grid for geometric shape, numerically simulated the water vapor two-phase flow from the reservoir to stilling basin. The parabolic water-vapor interface , overall flow pattern, water wings, section depth and other hydraulic characteristics was produced by simulating the three-dimensional flow field.Compared the simulated results of water depth, flow velocity in stilling pool, the board pressure with experiment data, the average error is: the left side depth of 3 # table hole of 7.1%, and the right of 7.4%; the underside flow velocity of 3 # table hole of 5%;1 # table hole stilling pool board pressure of 7.6%,3 # table hole stilling pool board pressure of 6.6%.
 Precipitation Trend Analysis by Mann-Kendall Test: A Case of Tianchang County Anhui Province, China
Authors: Akwei Elsie , Lu Bao Hong , Zhang Han Wen
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this research is to study the temporal variability of precipitation time series of Tianchang County in Anhui Province, China to aid in the understanding of the state of the hydrology of the catchment. Trend analysis of one of the main component of the water balance of a catchment and a climate variable, precipitation was conducted with the aim of detecting a possible trend in the precipitation time series of Tianchang County, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied to precipitation series from 1951-2010 of Tianchang County. It was performed using Trend (version 1.0.2) to identify the significant positive or negative trends in the precipitation data if any. The 59 years period of precipitation data for the different towns in whole area showed, on the whole, some significant trend at an alpha level of 0.01 and 0.05 when grouped into the four seasons present in the area. The trend analysis revealed an overall upward and significant trend in five towns namely Datong, Xinjie, Shiliang, Qinlan and Tongcheng with downward statistically non-significant trend in the other ten areas .Using hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis states that there is no trend and alternative state there is a trend. From the results we reject the null hypothesis within the level of confidence 0.05 and 0.01. The rising rate of precipitation in some months and decreasing in others signifies an overall random pattern in the time series. This result is a part contribution to the effect of Climate change on hydrology and indicates that there is still room for research on the impact of climate change to ensure sustainable development in future.
Construction of Water Resources Utilization Efficiency Evaluation Index System Based on Cloud Model
Authors: Guan Xin Jian , Meng Yu , Wu Ze Ning
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a method for selecting indexes based on cloud model. The natural language qualitative evaluation of water resources utilization efficiency (WRUE) indexes from several experts were converted into quantitative score values. The randomness and fuzziness of conversion process could be fully reflected. Based on the basic index set of WRUE and fifty experts` comments, cloud model was used to calculate each index`s value. Finally, eight indexes covering overall, agricultural, industrial and living industry were selected to construct the evaluation index system. Cloud model is convenient, objective, and the calculation process is simple. The construction of evaluation index system lays a good foundation for the evaluation of WURE.
Drought-Coping Capacity Assessment of Water Resources Projects and Regulation: A Technological Framework and Key Issues for Research
Authors: Wang Gang , Yan Deng Hua , Yang Zhi Yong , Liu Shao Hua , Weng Bai Sha , Xing Zi Qiang
Published: December 2013

Water resources projects are key underpinnings of regional drought coping strategies. It is of great importance to optimize the overall arrangement and water resources allocation to tap the potentials of water resources projects in coping with droughts, and therefore to enhance the regional drought coping capacity. The definition of water resources projects was firstly given and then the connotation of drought coping capacity of the projects as well as drought coping mechanism, were systemically analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, a general technological framework of study on drought coping capacity assessment of water resources projects was proposed. Finally, some key scientific issues including drought risk assessment and carrying capacity of water resources under drought conditions, drought coping capacity assessment of water resources projects, optimization for drought-oriented water resources allocation and dispatching, and the drought coping management, were discussed.
Numerical Analysis of Water Intake Tower Structure for Safety Evaluation and Reliable Test
Authors: Wang Xi Peng , Zou Heng , Yang Bing Qian , Zhu Feng , Geng Ying
Published: December 2013

Based on finite element platform ANSYS, This paper focus on the displacement and the stress response under the static loads forced on the water intake tower structure. Research including describe the distribution of displacement and stress on the structure under gravity load in the finishing construction period, And the structural stress and displacement during the working period. The calculation results show that, in the design of reasonable conditions, the main structure can meet the requirements of safety, but some high stress at some local place, which can be improved by other methods.
Evaluation of Regional Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Yan'an Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Liu Xiao Jun , Wang Jia
Published: December 2013

Yan'an is the center of political, economic, cultural and military in Shanbei, and is also a city of water resources extremely shortage. This paper by using the principal component analysis to select 13 indicators and establish the indicators system, two main ingredients reflect Yan'an WRCC, thus evaluate Yan'an WRCC in 2006 - 2011 timing data. Results show that: rate of urbanization, ecological and environmental water use rate, per capita GDP, rate of water resources development and utilization and sewage treatment rate are the main factors affecting Yan'an WRCC; 2006-2011 Yan'an in the temporal distribution of WRCC overall downward trend, the development and utilization of water resources potential in Yan'an weaker. Finally put forward reasonable suggestions aim at future sustainable development and utilization of water resources in Yan'an.
Monthly Water Exchange through the Ryukyu Islands Revealed by Salinity Structural Changes
Authors: Liu Ya Pan , Kang Jian Cheng , Zhu Jiong , Han Qin Chen
Published: December 2013

Using salinity database of World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09) issued by NOAA in 2010, refer the range of high-salinity tongue to indicate the strength about high-salinity water, from the perspective of structural changes of salinity; the water exchange through Ryukyu Islands upper 500 m have been analyzed, the results show that: due to Ryukyu Trough, currents on both sides of Ryukyu Islands occur exchange, for upper 500 m, high-salinity water in east of the Ryukyu Islands mainly invade the west waterthe Kuroshio in East China Sea; the intrusion strength is powerful from the depth of 100 m to 200 m, and the 150 m layer is the core layer of high-salinity water intrusion; the high-salinity water at the east of Ryukyu Islands invades the Kuroshio are stronger in March, May, June, September, October and November, are weaker in April and December.
Application of Rainstorm Calculating Method on Flood Design
Authors: Tao Xiu Yu , Xiang Dong , Zhou Zhi Dong , Yue Hong Ya
Published: December 2013

Flood design has been one of the most important links during the previous work of hydraulic engineering construction, and is an significant reference for engineering construction standard and scale. Recently, rainstorm calculating method is often used to design flood of hydraulic engineering, and seems to be an mature design one. Aiming at application of rainstorm calculating method on flood design, based on Shengli Reservoir engineering case, an detailed calculation was made some reasonable calculating steps, formula and standard were established. The results showed rainstorm calculating method can provide an accurate outcome, such as areal rainfall, runoff generation, rainfall hourly distribution, etc. Moreover, the maximum confluence comes at the 16th hour and the higher frequency, the higher confluence. These conclusions can provide some certain references for other similar hydraulic engineering.
Effects of Submergence and Nitrogen Concentration on the Resources Utilization of Alternanthera philoxeroides
Authors: Ding Wen Juan , Zhang Hua Yong , Zhang Fang Juan
Published: December 2013

This study examined the effects of submergence and nitrogen concentration on biomass allocation and nutrients utilization of an invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. In the experiment, A. philoxeroides was applied to two water level treatments (0 and 25cm above the surface) across with two nitrogen concentrations (0 and 10 mg/l N). The results showed that submergence decreased leaf fraction and increased stem fraction, but high N changed this situation. In submergence, high N increased leaf fraction but decreased stem fraction due to leaves survival and maintenance. Submergence decreased root fraction and the content of soluble sugar in stem. The results suggested that high N concentration could counteract the negative effects of submergence. Therefore, the risk of A. philoxeroides invasion might be enhanced by nitrogen pollution in fluctuating water bodies, and should be attention intensely.
Quantitative Research of Water Resource Allocation Response Caused by Water Cycle System
Authors: Wang Min
Published: December 2013

Water resource allocation was carried out by a serious of engineering and non-engineering measures. These measures would influence region water cycle on two aspects, cycling process and cycling ways. Based on the data of Ningxia, water cycle changes in different areas caused by different water resource allocation measures were analyzed. A quantificational method about how to affect region water cycle by water resource allocation was also presented. At last, the water cycle changes happened in plain area, Yanghuang area, and south mountainous area were forecasted, that would give some special support for people to carry out water resource allocation rationally.
A Study on Carbon Sink of Reforestation under Different Grain for Green Models in the Southern Ningxia Province of Loess Hilly Region
Authors: Dang Xiao Hu , Li Lu
Published: December 2013

Based on biomass collected from field surveys and carbon contents determined in laboratory,carbon storage of different reforestation under different models for conversion of cropland to forestland or pasture and its distribution characteristics were examined.The results showed as follow: the carbon stock of the different reforestation models is L. gmelini (106.12 t·hm-2) > P. sibirica (85.08 t·hm-2) > P. davidiana (77.78 t·hm-2) > Hippophae rhamnoides (63.29 t·hm-2) > Caragana korshinskii (52.82 t·hm-2). Compared to that of the sloping cropland (59.55 t·hm-2), carbon densities of P. sibirica and L. gmelini ecosystems increased by 42.90% and 78.20%, respectively; for the Hippophae rhamnoides and P. davidiana ecosystems, the number increased by 6.28% and 30.61%; carbon content in soil layer between 0-100cm reduced significantly with the depth, the distribution pattern of carbon sequestration was in the order of soil layer > vegetation layer.
Irrigation Schedule of Greenhouse Tomato Using Pan Evaporation and Tensiometer and Effects on Yield and Soil Nitrate
Authors: He Hua , Li Jun Liang
Published: December 2013

Over-application of nitrogen is widespread in greenhouse vegetable production in China and induces environmental problems. The nitrogen leaching lose from unsuitable irrigation has proved to be the bottleneck of reducing nitrogen application, and timely and adequate irrigation so became one of the key countermeasures for reduction of nitrogen application. This experiment was conducted to schedule irrigation with tensiometers and pan evaporation, probing the effects of that on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill) fruit yield and soil nitrate. The results show that i) when Kcp=1.2, tomato obtain high yield while Kcp=0.4 or 0.8, the corresponding irrigation cannot meet plant need for water and lead to yield reduction, and ii) comparing with conventional irrigation, pan-evaporation-based irrigation schedules significantly reduce the amount of irrigation water to deeper soil layers, thereby limiting nutrient in soil solution downward, which results in much lower NO3-N content in subsoil and greatly mitigate the risk of nitrate leaching loss.
Genome Wide Analysis of PHD Finger Family in Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Wu Qi , Wang Chuan Tang
Published: December 2013

The PHD finger is a highly conserved structural domain in roles with regulating transcription and modification of chromatin structure. Forty-five PHD finger genes encoding PHD finger protein were identified from soybean (Glycine max) database. And sixty - four unique typical PHD finger domains were retrieved. NJ phylogenetic tree of all 64 PHD finger domains consisted of ten main clades (A-J). Subcellular localization analysis shows that Glyma06g33590.1, Glyma10g05080.1 and Glyma11g11720.1 may localize in Golgi body, chloroplast thylakoid membrane and mitochondrial inner membrane, respectively. The function of domain is loyal to the cause of protein situated in particular site of cell. Eight unique domains have been found concomitant with PHD domain in a certain protein. The cooperative relationship between diverse domains may important for particular biological event.
The Study on Soil Seed Bank between Different Land-Use Types of Wetlands in Tianjin Binhai New Area
Authors: He Meng Xuan , Li Hong Yuan , Mo Xun Qiang
Published: December 2013

In order to study the characteristic of soil seed bank in saline wetlands,samples from different land-use types of wetlands were selected.After the germination test,the results showed that the reserves of SSB in the four plots are huge,but the species composition is uncomplicated,the germinated seedlings are all coastal indicating halophytes.The differences between the four plots are obvious, P-value is almost less than 0.05.Artificial landscape wetlands have the largest variance coefficient.Compared with artificial wetlands,natural conservation wetlands show unique characteristic,it has the highest species richness,it has the stablest vegetation community structure,but the density of SSB is lowest for the low interference.Natural conservation wetlands have played important role in maintaining biodiversity.Therefore, the wetland ecosystem services should be fully taken into consideration when using wetlands.Appropriate protection of wetlands are needed,for it can helps to improve the ability of SSB in vegetation recovery.
Development and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Plant Breeding
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Li Zheng Hong , Zhou Xuan , Zhang Hong Dao , Li Ji Lin , Li Yu Xin , Zhang Yan Ming
Published: December 2013

For at least the last 10,000 years humans have been selecting plants that performed better for them across a wide range of criteria including fruit size, number of fruit per plant, adaptation to specific environments, resistance to certain pests, and many other characteristics. As the demand for agricultural productivity continues to rise, there is an increasing pressure on plant breeders to develop new varieties that are higher yielding and able to produce in more challenging environments. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the application of molecular genetic methods for assessing the conservation and use of plant genetic resources that provides the new ways for plant breeding, for example, the high-throughput sequencing technology provides the possibility of analysing high numbers of samples over smaller periods of time. Currently, molecular breeding is standard practice in many crops, and a diverse collection of plant genetic resources and these resources remain accessible to breeders is important.This article describes the exploitation of plant genetic resources and modern plant breeding, introduces the application of molecular techniques in plant breeding and perspectives the significant of development and utilization of plant genetic resources for plant breeding.
Effects of Soil Moisture on Vegetation Invasion into Active Dune Areas
Authors: Xu Qing Tao , Yan Shou Gang
Published: December 2013

Soil moisture and soil seed bank are primary dependent factors during the vegetation natural regenerations in semi-arid sand areas. But the binary correlation analysis between seedling density and soil seed bank density as well soil moisture in transition zones between the windword slope of active dune and interdune lowland indicated that the correlation between seedling density and soil seed bank density was not significant (P>0.05) in the plant growing season; but the one between seedling density and soil moisture was significant and positive (P<0.05). The conclusions revealed that soil moisture was a primary dependent factor during seedling emergence and establishment in the transition zone
Soil Moisture Dynamics and Water Balance of Caragana microphylla and Caragana korshinskii Shrubs in Horqin Sandy Land, China
Authors: Zhang Na , Jiang De Ming , Oshid Toshio
Published: December 2013

Based on the soil water balance theory, soil water dynamics and evapotranspiration (ET) of artificial sand-fixing Caragana microphylla and Caragana korshinskii shrubs with three different densities were researched in Horqin sandy land during the growing season. Results showed that mean soil water content of three shrub densities changed with time, different density caused spatial changes of soil water content in the deep soil horizon, but brought little influence on soil water temporal trends. The annual ET/P ratio varied between 83.21% and 99.6% for three shrub densities and the ET was not continually increased along with increase in shrub density. Based on the comprehensive analysis of soil water content, ET, and plant coverage for three shrub densities, the optimum density of C. microphylla and C. korshinskii shrubs (20 years old) in the study area could be about 1000 trees/ha. The findings were helpful for vegetation restoration in Horqin sandy land of China.