bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of swirl and wake strength on turbulent axisymmetric wake evolution
Authors: Holmes Marlin J. , Naughton Jonathan W.
Published: August 2022

An experimental investigation of swirl and wake strength influence on axisymmetric turbulent wake evolution was conducted. A novel wake generator design wire mounted in a wind tunnel test section with low free-stream turbulence produced wake Reynolds numbers based on momentum thickness and free-stream velocity in excess of 14 000 and swirl numbers up to 0.4 with minimal blockage. Steady-state blade element momentum simulations of reference wind turbine designs indicated that wind turbines operate in the flow regimes studied, indicating the practical aspects of this work. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry was used to acquire three components of velocity in the swirling wake at locations up to approximately ten diameters downstream. Quantitative measures of wake growth and decay were deduced using available equilibrium similarity scaling for the swirling wake. The results show an increase above 50% in growth and axial velocity decay rate constants over the range of swirl strength studied compared to those of the non-swirling wake. Tangential velocity decay constants were shown to decrease with swirl strength over the range of conditions studied. Notably, changes in wake strength have little influence on growth and decay rates when compared to changes in swirl strength for the flow regimes studied in this work.
Correct use of excess configurational entropies to study the ideal glass transition in hard-sphere systems with continuous polydispersity
Authors: Baranau Vasili , Tallarek Ulrich
Published: August 2022

We systematically apply the resolution to the configurational entropy paradox from our previous paper [V. Baranau and U. Tallarek, J. Chem. Phys. 147, 224503 (2017)] to study configurational entropies and the glass transition in polydisperse hard-sphere systems with log-normal particle radius distributions (r) over a wide range of polydispersities δ=⟨Δr2⟩/⟨r⟩=0.1−0.3. The resolution implies the careful use of excess quantities for vibrational and configurational entropies. We obtain the fluid entropy from the fluid equation of state and the vibrational entropy from the glass equation of state; thereby, the configurational entropy becomes their difference. We discovered that the Adam–Gibbs relation is able to fit the asymptotic alpha-relaxation times τα of the hard-sphere systems under study at high volume fractions φ when our excess configurational entropies are supplied. For polydispersity δ = 0.1, the Adam–Gibbs relation is able to fit the data over the entire range of φ studied. Ideal glass transition densities φg obtained in this way are below predictions from the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann fits. Our results indicate by extrapolation that the glass close packing limit φGCP for monodisperse systems is ∼0.65, consistent with granular matter studies. Our configurational entropies extrapolated to the monodisperse case are found to match Edwards entropies from granular matter studies very well.
On solute dispersion in an oscillatory magneto-hydrodynamics porous medium flow under the effect of heterogeneous and bulk chemical reaction
Authors: Poddar Nanda , Saha Gourab , Dhar Subham , Mondal Kajal Kumar
Published: August 2022

It is well known to all of us that there is a shortage of pure drinking water across the globe. Different types of pollutants (metallic and nonmetallic) mix with the water, and they cause several diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and various kinds of skin diseases, and even it is found that these kinds of particles may cause skin cancer. In the current study, an analytical solution of a two-dimensional convection–diffusion equation is obtained using Mei's multi-scale homogenization technique to investigate the influences of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions on dispersion phenomena of the solute in an oscillatory magneto-hydrodynamics porous medium flow. In the appearance of the applied transverse magnetic field and oscillatory pressure gradient, a mathematical model of magneto-hydrodynamics dispersion between two parallel plates is presented. The analytical expressions of Taylor dispersivity, longitudinal mean and real concentration distributions, transverse concentration distribution, and transverse uniformity rate of the concentration are obtained. Also, the effect of various flow parameters such as Péclet number, Hartmann number, Schmidt number, Darcy number, oscillatory Reynolds number, porous parameter, dispersion time, downstream and upstream locations, chemical heterogeneous boundary reaction, and bulk reaction is discussed. How the transport phenomena of the solute display different natures with the various ranges of Darcy and Hartmann numbers with the aid of homogeneous and heterogeneous boundary reactions are highlighted. To show the effect of the absorption parameters on the transport coefficient, the third-order approximation of concentration is performed. It is seen that the dispersion coefficient (DT1) corresponding to the purely time-dependent flow increases with the enhancement of the Darcy number (Da). Moreover, it is found that as the Hartmann number (M) enhances, the total dispersivity (DT) decreases. Also, the transverse concentration distribution becomes flat for larger values of the Hartmann number. It is noticed that when Da≥1, the transverse variation curve turns into a trimodal distribution from a bimodal. This model may be helpful for separating various metallic and nonmetallic particles from the water to reduce the water pollution.
Negation during communication in Amele
Authors: Nose Masahiko
Published: August 2022

The Amele language of Papua New Guinea is one of many Trans-New Guinea languages spoken in Papua New Guinea. Amele has a negator ‘qee’ (‘q’ represents a voiced dorso-labiovelar plosive), which follows the element negated. Yet, while having verb conjugations for persons and numbers, Amele has no negative conjugation in the present tense. Typologically, some other languages, for example, Finnish, also exhibit negative conjugations of verbs, but these behaviors of the negations differ in interesting ways. This contrastive study investigates the negation of grammars in Amele (Papua New Guinea) and Finnish (Finland, Uralic), by comparing negative particles and negative verb conjugations in both of these languages, while clarifying their morphological behaviors. As such, the study describes Amele’s and Finnish’s positive-negative and present/past distinctions through their verbal morphologies and through their functional markedness in past tenses, ultimately observing these functional points in the languages.
Malay, in the shadows
Authors: Hadzantonis Michael
Published: August 2022

Wayang Kulit performance, the art of shadow puppetry, has long embodied and conveyed political and secular voice throughout South and Southeast Asia, significant for the maintenance of cultural heritage. Throughout Malaysia’s modern history, Wayang as a dominant medium of education has mediated shifts in language ideologies and socialization, to the extent where changes to the Wayang correlate highly with changes to the Malay language. In the 1980s, the Malaysian government sought to attack and hence curtail Wayang performance, and to obscure its lineage, claiming that the Wayang defiles Islam and Malaysia as an Islamic state. The government sought to discontinue the Wayang, or at least to alter it significantly, and to persecute its adherents. With its attempts to mobilize the economy through neoliberal politics and the adoption of new non-poetic language registers, the Malaysian government altered Malaysian vernacular, cultural practices, and ideologies. Yet, little scholarly work, particularly through an Anthropological lens, has discussed the correlations and influences to these shifts.

This paper addresses the significance of Wayang Kulit to the Malay language, that is, its contiguity with standardized language and vernacular, its semiotic complexities during performance and in larger society, and its junctures with Malaysian politics. The study unearths changes in the Wayang, its stylizations, symbolisms and performativities, in the latter 20th century, where these changes have aligned with cultural and language shifts, yet which the government has legitimated as pro Islamic and neoliberal. The data set includes a multi year ethnography of the Wayang, and a corpus of discussions, documentations, and scripts of Wayang performances and narratives.
Gendering prosody in communication
Authors: Pospechova Zuzana
Published: August 2022

The study focuses on the prosody of Standard Chinese in communication in correlation with gender of speakers. In the field of Standard Chinese prosody is built on the research work done by Oldřich Švarný, who established the system of prosodic transcription and analysis. The connection with the gender of the speakers is completely new and unique. This article uses results of the analysis of SC language corpus transcribed by prosodic transcription and endeavour to find a connection between obtained results and gendered influences on prosodic (suprasegmental) level of language. Basic prosodic phenomena observed here are prosodic word syllable number, speech rate, syllable accentual prominence and the frequency of rhythmic sequence types. The results clearly show there is a connection between gender of the speaker and the prosodic realization of his/her speech.
Language contact across ethnic boundaries
Authors: Faquire Razaul Karim
Published: August 2022

Throughout antiquity, the Chittagong Hill Tract was a sparsely populated region. This population increased with the immigration of different speech communities, thus changing its linguistic mosaic, and creating conditions for language contact between vernacular Bangla and between its ancestral Indo-Aryan variety Pali, the superstrate, and the Tibeto-Burman variety, the substratum. In the changing language contact situation, language contact involved various phenomena, such as language maintenance, the creation of new contact languages, i.e. pidgins and creoles as well as the acquisition and integration into a dominant L2. Through this language contact, the processes of language contact have had particular linguistic, social, and political outcomes that have shaped the region. The linguistic outcomes include lexical borrowing, calquing, and structural convergence, as well as the creation of a new contact language combining both the Indo-Aryan vernacular and Tibeto-Burman vernacular. This paper discusses these outcomes, and describes that changes in the social and political makeup of the region have ultimately led to language change. The study argues that linguistic change appears at present in several ways: The lexical makeup, phraseology and syntactic structure of Indo-Aryan varieties spoken by the Tibeto-Burman speech communities; pidgins including Chakma and Tanchangya which have emerged from contact between the Indo-Aryan variety and the Arakanese vernacular; a Tibeto-Burman pidgin which has emerged from contact between the superstrata Marma and the substrates Chak, Khumi, and Kheyang, which are spoken by the Marma, Chak, Khumi, and Kheyang ethnicities. Ultimately, the study presents that these social and linguistic outcomes have manifested themselves in the form of bilingualism and so code-mixing, and where the political outcomes of language contact have forged the political makeup of the Chittagong Hill Tract to bring the region to become one part of the larger political superstructure of Bangladesh.
Pronoun practices in the higher education classroom
Authors: Melendez Sofia , Crowley Archie
Published: August 2022

Pronouns are a crucial linguistic resource for transgender and nonbinary people, and educators are in a unique
position to support trans and nonbinary students by implementing affirming pronoun practices for their classrooms. This paper
outlines concrete strategies for creating a trans-affirming pedagogy in the context of higher education. The strategies discussed
detail modelling pronoun introductions, collecting pronoun information, navigating pronoun misuse, and considerations related to
curricula and classroom contexts. Pronoun practices are an essential step towards making the classroom an affirming place for
transgender and nonbinary students to thrive.
Trans(de)letion
Authors: López Ártemis
Published: August 2022

The increased visibility of the non-binary community is reflected in the media, with trans and non-binary characters becoming more common in film and series. This provides a great opportunity to raise global awareness of non-binary people, but the exporting of this media usually comes with translations done by people who do not specialize in queer, trans, or non-binary sociolects. This paper gives an overview of different linguistic gender strategies in present-day Spanish, and uses two examples of popular Netflix series with trans or non-binary characters as Spanish translation case studies to illustrate the different linguistic challenges and approaches to representing non-binary identities in Spanish.
Making heritage language accessible through “a trip to the enchanted wood”
Authors: Schwartz Mila , Minkov Miriam
Published: August 2022

Despite increasing popularity of early heritage language (HL) education, the HL education system faces challenges, such as engaging young children and tailoring teachers’ pedagogical approaches. The aim of the study was to explore a particular pedagogical activity (“a trip to the enchanted wood”) that provides accessibility to HL, and to analyze children’s behavior while engaging in learning during this activity. We conducted the study in a bilingual preschool in Israel, where Russian was the heritage language and Hebrew the societally dominant language. We collected and documented the data using qualitative tools (ethnographic observations and interviews). A complex analysis of eight HL classroom observations focused on the application of a language-conducive strategy – teacher-led pretend play of “a trip to the enchanted wood.” We performed two types of coding: (1) coding information about elements of script structure and characteristics of props used; (2) coding children’s responsive behavior to the teacher’s suggestions during play. Drawing on an ecological approach to language productive use, we concluded that a complex two-way relationship exists between language accessibility and engagement in learning. Practical applications to support young language learners are suggested.
Sustainable development matters for animals too: Governments have a responsibility to recognize that
Authors: Sebo Jeff , Verkuijl Cleo , José Hötzel Maria , Achakulwisut Ploy , Bastos Lima Mairon , Green Jonathan
Published: August 2022

Animals matter for sustainable development, and sustainable development matters for animals. Yet animal welfare remains largely neglected in sustainable development governance. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to protect species, biodiversity, and habitats, but not individual animals. This June, governments will convene for the UN Stockholm+50 Conference, which marks 50 years of international environmental decision making. At this conference, governments have an opportunity to recognize the importance of animal welfare for sustainable development, and to aspire to harm animals less and benefit them more as part of sustainable development governance. We call on governments to take these steps for the sake of human and non-human animals alike.

One Health impact statement

One Health is a promising framework for improving global health. Human, non-human, and environmental health are linked, and health policies should reflect these links. However, standard interpretations of One Health are anthropocentric, in that they tend to value non-human animals primarily for the sake of humans, which can lead to policies that harm and neglect non-humans unnecessarily. As a result, humans miss out on many opportunities to improve human and non-human lives at the same time. We call for strengthening One Health by recognizing the intrinsic value of animals and considering their interests when making policy decisions that affect them. We also call for supporting informational, financial, and regulatory policies that reduce exploitation of animals and increase assistance for animals in co-beneficial ways.
Lichenochora epifulgens
.
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Lichenochora epifulgens
, which grown on thalli of the lichen-forming fungus
Gyalolechia fulgens
, where it is apparently parasitic. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Spain, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Physarum lakhanpalii
.
Authors: Cannon P.F. , Minter D.W.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Physarum lakhanpalii
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Madagascar, Tanzania), Central America (Panama), North America (Mexico), South America (Ecuador), Asia (China (Hong Kong, Hunan), Japan, Laos, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam), Australasia (Australia (Northern Territory)), Caribbean (Martinique), Europe (France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Norway, Spain), Indian Ocean (La Réunion, Seychelles)). Studies in Japan suggest that myxomycetes including this species may be useful as indicators of environmental pollution. No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this organism and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Physarum stellatum
.
Authors: Cannon P.F. , Minter D.W.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Physarum stellatum
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Congo, Democratic Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Liberia, Madagascar, Morocco, Nigeria, Congo, South Africa, Tanzania), Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama), North America (Canada (Ontario, Quebec), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia)), South America (Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, São Paulo, Sergipe), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela), Asia (Brunei Darussalam, China (Guangxi, Jilin), India (Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh), Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia (Primorskyi krai), Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand), Caribbean (America Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago), Europe (Germany, Russia (Moscow oblast, Veronezh oblast), Spain), Indian Ocean (La Réunion, Mayotte, Seychelles), Pacific Ocean (Ecuador (Galapagos), Marshall Islands, USA (Hawaii), Vanuatu)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this organism and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Cercospora mercurialis
.
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Cercospora mercurialis
, which occurs as a parasite on living and dying leaves and stems of
Mercurialis
, causing leaf spots. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Spain (Ceuta), Morocco), Asia (Iran, Palestine, Turkey), Atlantic Ocean (Bermuda), Australasia (Australia), Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Belgorod oblast, Leningrad oblast, Moscow oblast, Pskov oblast, Voronezh oblast), Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)). No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Acarospora sinopica
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Acarospora sinopica
, a lichen-forming fungus occurring on rocks, particularly iron-rich rocks and mine-spoil heaps, often in exposed situations, and particularly in mountainous areas. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia)), Antarctica (Antarctica), Arctic Ocean (Greenland, Norway (Svalbard and Jan Mayen)), Asia (Afghanistan, China (Yunnan), Georgia, Iran, Russia (Altai Krai, Altai Republic, Irkutsk Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Magadan Oblast, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Khakassia), Turkey), Australasia (Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia), New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Komi Republic, Leningrad Oblast, Murmansk Oblast, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Karelia, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec), USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Washington)). Acarospora sinopica has a remarkable ability to accumulate heavy metals, with levels of up to 60,000 ppm in dry weight being recorded.
Epilichen scabrosus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Epilichen scabrosus
, a lichen-forming fungus initially parasitic on thalli of
Baeomyces
species. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Morocco, Greenland, Norway, Russia, China (Tibet), Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Portugal, (Azores), Australia (Tasmania), New Zealand, Austria, Channel Islands, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Yukon), USA (Alaska, Colorado, Maine, Oregon, Washington) and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)) and associated organisms (
Baeomyces carneus, B. placophyllus, B. rufus, Sphyridium byssoides, S. fungiforme, B. rupestris, Baeomyces
sp.,
Peltigera
sp. and
Muscopsida
).
Stereocaulon dactylophyllum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Stereocaulon dactylophyllum
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Arctic Ocean (Greenland), Asia (Japan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkey), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal, Azores, Madeira), Australasia (Australia), Caribbean, (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Central America (Costa Rica, Nicaragua), Europe (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, France, Mexico, USA, Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin), South America (Argentina, Colombia)).
Puccinia cladii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Puccinia cladii
found parasitic on leaves of
Cladium mariscus
. Some information on its taxonomy, morphology, associated organisms, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status are given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Republic of Georgia, Bermuda, American Virgin Islands, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Belgium, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Poland, UK and USA (Arizona, California, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, Virginia)) and hosts (
Cladium mariscus, C. mariscus
subsp.
californicum, C. mariscus
subsp.
jamaicense
and
Rhynchospora glomerata
).
Cherry green ring mottle virus. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2022

A new distribution map is provided for Cherry green ring mottle virus. Tymovirales: Betaflexiviridae: Robigovirus. Hosts:
Prunus
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (South Africa), Asia (China, Beijing, Fujian, Hebei, Shandong, Xinjiang, Japan, Honshu, Lebanon, Pakistan, Korea Republic, Turkey), Europe (Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzerland), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, California, Idaho, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Washington, Wisconsin), Oceania (Australia, New Zealand), South America (Chile).
Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2022

A new distribution map is provided for Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2. Pospiviroidae: Apscaviroid. Host: grapevine (
Vitis vinifera
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Nigeria), Asia (China, Beijing, Shandong, Xinjiang, India, Delhi, Iran, Thailand, Turkey), Europe (Croatia, Greece, Crete, Italy), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria).
Xanthomonas citri
pv.
mangiferaeindicae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2022

A new distribution map is provided for
Xanthomonas citri
pv.
mangiferaeindicae
(Patel et al.) Constantin et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Lysobacterales: Lysobacteraceae. Main host: mango (
Mangifera indica
), also cashew (
Anacardium occidentale
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Comoros, Egypt, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritius, Reunion, South Africa, Sudan, Togo), Asia (China, Guangxi, India, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Iran, Japan, Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand), North America (Puerto Rico, USA, Florida, Hawaii), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, New Caledonia), South America (Brazil, Distrito Federal).
Melanagromyza sojae
(Zehntner). [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2022

A new distribution map is provided for
Melanagromyza sojae
(Zehntner). Diptera: Agromyzidae. Main host: soyabean (
Glycine max
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Egypt, Libya, South Africa), Asia (Bangladesh, China, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, India, Delhi, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam), Europe (Malta, Russia, Russian Far East, Ukraine, Crimea), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji, Guam, Palau, Solomon Islands), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Goias, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraguay).
Macrohomotoma gladiata
Kuwayama. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2022

A new distribution map is provided for
Macrohomotoma gladiata
Kuwayama. Hemiptera: Homotomidae. Hosts: ornamental
Ficus
spp. especially
F. macrocarpa
. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia), Asia (China, Fujian, Shanghai, Hong Kong, India, Maharashtra, Indonesia, Sumatra, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Turkey), Europe (Cyprus, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Italy, Sicily, Malta, Montenegro, Portugal, Madeira, Spain, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands), North America (USA, California).
The PATA Rapid Response Taskforce
Authors: Beirmen D.
Published: August 2022

This case study discusses the evolution of crisis management within the Asia-Pacific Region, with specific reference to the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) and its Rapid Response Task Force, which has helped make crisis management relating to tourism a transnational issue, with a transnational response and corresponding management networks. Crisis management has been a longstanding concern of PATA which began laying the foundations for a risk and crisis response network within the Asia-Pacific region after the Bali bombing of October 2002. In 2011, the crisis-ready taskforce comprising PATA officials and members based in several Asia-Pacific countries was launched, operating under the acronym PRRT.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 12: The development of a transnational tourism risk, crisis and recovery management network’. In: B.W. Ritchie and K. Campiranon (eds)
Tourism Crisis and Disaster Management in the Asia-Pacific
. CAB International, pp. 175-189.

© CAB International 2015
Maxwell’s displacement current and the magnetic field between capacitor electrodes
Authors: Hyodo Toshio
Published: August 2022

A long-standing controversy concerning the causes of the magnetic field in and around a parallel-plate capacitor is examined. Three possible sources of contention are noted and detailed. The first is the ambiguous initial impression given by the calculation of the magnetic field using the integral form of the Ampere–Maxwell law which incorporates the displacement current density. The second is misinterpretation of this law as a cause–effect formula. The third is insufficient recognition of the fact that the electric field in Maxwell’s equations represents the sum of the well-distinguished irrotational and divergence-free fields, which are independently responsible for conservation of charge and the existence of the electromagnetic waves, respectively.
Tomographic entanglement indicators in frequency combs and Talbot carpets
Authors: Sharmila B , Lakshmibala S , Balakrishnan V
Published: August 2022

Recent theoretical investigations on tomographic entanglement indicators have showcased the advantages of the tomographic approach in the context of continuous-variable (CV), spin and hybrid quantum systems. Direct estimation of entanglement using experimental data from the IBM quantum computing platform and NMR experiments has also been carried out in earlier work. A similar investigation in the context of CV systems is necessary to assess fully the utility of the tomographic approach. In this paper, we highlight the advantages of this approach in the context of experiments reported in the literature on two CV systems, namely, entangled Talbot carpets and entangled biphoton frequency combs. We use the tomographic entanglement indicator to estimate the degree of entanglement between a pair of Talbot carpets, and demonstrate that this provides a simpler and more direct procedure as compared to the one suggested in the experiment. We also establish that the tomograms corresponding to two biphoton frequency combs carry clear entanglement signatures that distinguish between the two states.
Dynamic-static collaborative strategy for industrial data modeling based on hierarchical deep networks
Authors: Peng Xiangyu , Wang Yalin , Liu Chenliang , Guan Lin , Liu Diju
Published: August 2022

With the rapid development of industrial processes, the complex nonlinear dynamic features of process data have created great challenges for deep learning models. However, existing deep learning models, such as stacked autoencoder (SAE), mainly focus on capturing static data feature information while ignoring the extraction of dynamic data evolution patterns. To combat this issue, this paper proposes a novel deep learning model based on dynamic SAE to collaboratively learn deep static and dynamic features of process data. First, sliding window technology is utilized to obtain temporal nearest neighbor samples within each time window. Then, multiple SAE modules are utilized hierarchically to extract static features in each window. Then, the proposed dynamic feature extraction module is exploited to extract the local dynamic information from the data within each window. Finally, the learned dynamic and static features are collaboratively fused to build a soft-sensor model for quality prediction tasks. To validate the superiority of the proposed model, it is applied to simulation experiments of a tobacco drying process and a hydrocracking process. The experimental results show that the proposed model performs better than other methods.
Random number generation with a chaotic electromechanical resonator
Authors: Madiot Guilhem , Correia Franck , Barbay Sylvain , Braive Remy
Published: August 2022

Chaos enables the emergence of randomness in deterministic physical systems. Therefore it can be exploited for the conception of true random number generators mandatory in classical cryptography applications. Meanwhile, nanomechanical oscillators, at the core of many on-board functionalities such as sensing, reveal as excellent candidates to behave chaotically. This is made possible thanks to intrinsic mechanical nonlinearities emerging at the nanoscale. Here we present a platform gathering a nanomechanical oscillator and its integrated capacitive actuation. Using a modulation of the resonant force induced by the electrodes, we demonstrate chaotic dynamics and study how it depends on the dissipation of the system. The randomness of a binary sequence generated from a chaotic time trace is evaluated and discussed such that the generic parameters enabling successful random number generation can be established. This demonstration makes use of concepts which are sufficiently general to be applied to the next generation of nano-electro-optomechanical systems.
Coupling plasmon-waveguide resonance and multiple plasma modes in hyperbolic metamaterials for high-performance sensing
Authors: Wang Huimin , Wang Tao , Yan Ruoqin , Yue Xinzhao , Wang Lu , Wang Yuandong , Zhang Jinyan , Wang Jian
Published: August 2022

A sensor based on plasmon-waveguide resonance (PWR) exhibits an impressive narrow linewidth and has attracted extensive attention in plasmon label-free sensing. However, the low surface electric field intensity limits the detection ability of biomolecules, where the refractive index changes are restricted at the sensor surface. In this study, we study the coupling of PWR and multiple plasma modes in a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM), combining narrow linewidth and electric field enhancement advantages. The PWR-HMM sensor includes a gold film, lossless dielectric layer, and metal/dielectric multilayer HMM array composed of 2-layer Au/Al2O3 stacks. The evanescent field of PWR is used to excite multiple plasma modes in the HMM. The figure of merit of the proposed structure reaches 5417/RIU owing to the existence of lossless dielectric layer, which is 11.7 times than the conventional gold film structure. The maximum bulk sensitivity of the PWR-HMM sensor was 43 000 nm/RIU. In comparison with PWR, the surface electric field intensity and the surface sensitivity of PWR-HMM increase by four and two times, respectively. Furthermore, comparing the sensing performance of the PWR-HMM sensor and PWR-nanoparticle (NP) sensor (coupling PWR and localized surface plasmon resonance), it was found that PWR-HMM has 20% higher surface sensitivity than the PWR-NP. A sensing mechanism coupling PWR and multiple plasma modes in the HMMs opens a gate to significantly improve the PWR sensors performance, which is expected to be used to resolve urgent issues in biological, medical and clinical applications.
MOQUI: an open-source GPU-based Monte Carlo code for proton dose calculation with efficient data structure
Authors: Lee Hoyeon , Shin Jungwook , Verburg Joost M , Bobić Mislav , Winey Brian , Schuemann Jan , Paganetti Harald
Published: August 2022

Objective. Monte Carlo (MC) codes are increasingly used for accurate radiotherapy dose calculation. In proton therapy, the accuracy of the dose calculation algorithm is expected to have a more significant impact than in photon therapy due to the depth-dose characteristics of proton beams. However, MC simulations come at a considerable computational cost to achieve statistically sufficient accuracy. There have been efforts to improve computational efficiency while maintaining sufficient accuracy. Among those, parallelizing particle transportation using graphic processing units (GPU) achieved significant improvements. Contrary to the central processing unit, a GPU has limited memory capacity and is not expandable. It is therefore challenging to score quantities with large dimensions requiring extensive memory. The objective of this study is to develop an open-source GPU-based MC package capable of scoring those quantities. Approach. We employed a hash-table, one of the key-value pair data structures, to efficiently utilize the limited memory of the GPU and score the quantities requiring a large amount of memory. With the hash table, only voxels interacting with particles will occupy memory, and we can search the data efficiently to determine their address. The hash-table was integrated with a novel GPU-based MC code, moqui. Main results. The developed code was validated against an MC code widely used in proton therapy, TOPAS, with homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms. We also compared the dose calculation results of clinical treatment plans. The developed code agreed with TOPAS within 2%, except for the fall-off and regions, and the gamma pass rates of the results were >99% for all cases with a 2 mm/2% criteria. Significance. We can score dose-influence matrix and dose-rate on a GPU for a 3-field H&N case with 10 GB of memory using moqui, which would require more than 100 GB of memory with the conventionally used array data structure.
Adaptive permissible region based random Kaczmarz reconstruction method for localization of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in fluorescence molecular tomography
Authors: Zhang Peng , Liu Jie , Yin Lin , An Yu , Zhang Suhui , Tong Wei , Hui Hui , Tian Jie
Published: August 2022

Objective. In this study, we propose the adaptive permissible region based random Kaczmarz method as an improved reconstruction method to recover small carotid atherosclerotic plaque targets in rodents with high resolution in fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). Approach. We introduce the random Kaczmarz method as an advanced minimization method to solve the FMT inverse problem. To satisfy the special condition of this method, we proposed an adaptive permissible region strategy based on traditional permissible region methods to flexibly compress the dimension of the solution space. Main results. Monte Carlo simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can recover the small carotid atherosclerotic plaque targets with high resolution and accuracy, and can achieve lower root mean squared error and distance error (DE) than other traditional methods. For targets with 1.5 mm diameter and 0.5 mm separation, the DE indicators can be improved by up to 40%. Moreover, the proposed method can be utilized for in vivo locating atherosclerotic plaques with high accuracy and robustness. Significance. We applied the random Kaczmarz method to solve the inverse problem in FMT and improve the reconstruction result via this advanced minimization method. We verified that the FMT technology has a great potential to locate and quantify atherosclerotic plaques with higher accuracy, and can be expanded to more preclinical research.
Vibrational deactivation in O(3P) + N2 collisions: from an old problem towards its solution
Authors: Hong Qizhen , Bartolomei Massimiliano , Pirani Fernando , Esposito Fabrizio , Sun Quanhua , Coletti Cecilia
Published: August 2022

In a recent communication [2021 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23 15475–79] we showed that the correct modelling of vibrational quenching events in O + N2(v) collisions, a fundamental process in air plasmas, requires the detailed representation of intermediate and asymptotic regions of the interaction and the inclusion of several types of processes as vibration to translation (V–T) and vibro-electronic (V–E) energy transfer. For the first time from the publication of experimental results in the 70’s, we obtained theoretical results in agreement with experiments, even at room temperature. In the present work we extend the approach to better describe non-adiabatic V–E deactivation and include the evaluation of the role of the higher excited singlet N2O surface, characterized by new high quality ab initio calculations, to that of the triplet Π and Σ ones. Within this framework, we calculate V–T, V–E and the corresponding total vibrational relaxation rate coefficients for initial vibrational N2(v) quantum numbers up to v = 10 in a wide temperature range (200–10 000 K). These data are of uttermost importance for the modelling of air plasmas, of earth’s and planetary atmospheres and for the design and construction of aircrafts and air-breathing propulsion systems for very low earth orbit (VLEO) satellites.
Characteristics of 22 nm UTBB-FDSOI technology with an ultra-wide temperature range
Authors: Wang Hanbin , Bi Jinshun , Bu Jianhui , Liu Hainan , Zhao Fazhan , Cao Huajun , Ai Chao
Published: August 2022

The performance of the ultra-thin body and buried oxide fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors based on a 22 nm technology node is investigated in this paper over an ultra-wide temperature range from 6 K to 550 K. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics under wide temperature range conditions are shown, including the influence of the back-gate bias (V
bg). The important electrical parameters, such as threshold voltage (V
t), subthreshold swing, ON-state current (I
on), and OFF-state current (I
off), are extracted with temperature changes. From 550 K to 6 K, V
t increased by 0.21 V, I
off decreased nearly six orders of magnitude, and the gate-induced drain leakage current decreased by nearly eight orders of magnitude. The main physical mechanisms for the changing electrical performance with temperature are the variation of carrier concentration, mobility, and energy band. By utilizing a technology computer-aided design simulation, the temperature dependence of the device performance is discussed and analyzed.
Quantum transfer of interacting qubits
Authors: Apollaro Tony J G , Lorenzo Salvatore , Plastina Francesco , Consiglio Mirko , Życzkowski Karol
Published: August 2022

The transfer of quantum information between different locations is key to many quantum information processing tasks. Whereas, the transfer of a single qubit state has been extensively investigated, the transfer of a many-body system configuration has insofar remained elusive. We address the problem of transferring the state of n
interacting qubits. Both the exponentially increasing Hilbert space dimension, and the presence of interactions significantly scale-up the complexity of achieving high-fidelity transfer. By employing tools from random matrix theory and using the formalism of quantum dynamical maps, we derive a general expression for the average and the variance of the fidelity of an arbitrary quantum state transfer protocol for n interacting qubits. Finally, by adopting a weak-coupling scheme in a spin chain, we obtain the explicit conditions for high-fidelity transfer of three and four interacting qubits.
Regular black hole powered by a self-gravitating magnetic monopole
Authors: Mazharimousavi S Habib
Published: August 2022

We apply the formalism introduced in (2022 S. H. Mazharimousavi, Eur. Phys. J. Plus
137, 595) to present a two parameters regular static spherically symmetric black hole that is asymptotically Reissner-Nordström. Also, the near r = 0 behavior of the model is a de-Sitter regular spacetime. A self-gravitating magnetic monopole powers it. The energy-momentum tensor of the black hole satisfies the weak energy condition. The black hole is thermally stable when the event horizon’s radius is close to the extremal black hole. We also show that this regular black hole is an exact solution to the field equations in the gravity coupled with a new model of nonlinear electrodynamics.
New exact and analytic solutions in Weyl integrable cosmology from Noether symmetry analysis
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos
Published: August 2022

We consider a cosmological model in a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker background space with an ideal gas defined in Weyl Integrable gravity. In the Weyl-Einstein a scalar field is introduced in a geometric way. Furthermore, the scalar field and the ideal gas interact in the gravitational Action Integral. Furthermore, we introduce a potential term for the scalar field potential and we show that the field equations admit a minisuperspace description. Noether’s theorem is applied for the constraint of the potential function and the corresponding conservation laws are constructed. Finally, we solve the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the cosmological model and we derive a family of new analytic solutions in Weyl Integrable cosmology. Some closed-form expressions for the Hubble function are presented.
NORM and hazard indices in soil and dates of palms groves in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Najm Mais M , Rejah Basim Khalaf , Husseini Sabah H
Published: August 2022

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the world’s oldest cultivated fruit crops and belongs to the Arecaceae family. It originated in Mesopotamia (Iraq) in 4000 BC. Large areas of palm groves in Iraq produce various types of dates for internal consumption and export. Their cultivation has spread and has become a significant crop in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, and the Middle East. Date fruits are widely consumed in Iraq, and radiological monitoring of this crop is necessary as activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs were measured in 12 soil samples and 12 date samples from 12 palm groves on the AL-Karkh side, west of Baghdad governorate, Iraq. Using gamma spectrometry HPGe detector, it was found that the average activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in the soil samples for 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs were 34 ± 1, 26 ± 7, 653 ± 121, and 4 ± 2 Bq kg−1, respectively. And on the date fruits sample were 1 ± 1, 1 ± 1, 310 ± 39, and 1 ± 1 Bq kg−1, respectively. Also, radiation hazard indicators were calculated. All results were within the recommended approximate values for UNSCEAR and below the safety standards of the IAEA.