bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General management of innovation: lessons from the Shaker community
Authors: Preble John F. , Hoffman Richard C.
Published: December 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to employ the concepts of the general management of innovation to help explain the extraordinary inventiveness of the Shaker religious community.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing historical accounts of Shaker philosophy and practice, the paper examines Shaker innovativeness through the lens of the general management of innovation in order to develop a historical interpretation of innovation within the Shaker community.

Findings

It was demonstrated that Shaker society possessed a large number of the organizational characteristics, management practices, and values, which have subsequently been found to be positively related to innovative behaviors in modern institutions.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should examine in even greater depth specific values, structure, and practices of Shaker communities as well as focusing on key concepts in other fields such as product, operations, or R&D management to yield additional insights into the management of innovation within organizations.

Practical implications

The paper discusses several managerial actions derived from an examination of Shaker practices related to the general management of innovation that are relevant for contemporary organizations.

Originality/value

This study uses the extant history of Shaker society to examine, illustrate, and help explain contemporary general management of innovation. This exposition should help inform organizations interested in improving their efforts at spurring successful innovation.
The importance of historical Tang dynasty for place branding the contemporary city Xi'an
Authors: Harry Rothschild Norman , Alon Ilan , Fetscherin Marc
Published: December 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the opportunity of utilizing Tang dynasty history, heritage, buildings and names in the effort to place brand the contemporary city Xi'an.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents a conceptual framework for place branding cities consisting of two main dimensions. The first describes the continuum of functional versus emotional values within a city; the second measures the degree to which the image of a place is historical or contemporary. The paper then employs historical analysis to examine the meaning and construction of a Tang dynasty brand for place branding twenty‐first century Xi'an.

Findings

While Xi'an may possess an illustrious historical identity, the contemporary city is still searching for an image. Xi'an's glorious heritage attracts considerable tourism, but has not yet drawn substantial business, foreign direct investment or talents to contribute to and support economic development of the metropolitan region.

Research limitations/implications

Historical analysis of a city can allow a reconstruction of identity in the modern context. Since this is a case study of one key Chinese city, additional cases are needed for other historically important cities to see their influence on business and marketing development.

Practical implications

Cities that are attempting to grow should consider their historical legacy. Building on images of the past, they can leapfrog development and establish a brand identity. Modernization was often thought of as a practical developmental tool. Building on the history of a region, modernization can take unique characteristics and differentiated developmental patterns.

Originality/value

Few, if any, studies examined the historical antecedents of a remaking and a re‐branding of a city. Destination marketing is an emerging area of research. Xi'an was a great, pivotal city in the past. This paper explores how one region built on the greatness of the past can re‐emerge in modern society.
Benefits of implementing management system standards
Authors: To W.M. , Lee Peter K.C. , Yu Billy T.W.
Published: December 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent of implementing management system standards among ISO (and other) certified companies in the Pearl River Delta and its effect on the perceived benefits.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross‐sectional survey of certified companies was carried out using a self‐administrated questionnaire. A total of 157 companies participated in the study.

Findings

It was found that the majority of the responding companies implement more than one standardized management system, mostly adopting the quality management, environmental management, and occupational health and safety management systems (i.e. ISO9001, ISO14001, and OHSAS18001). Results show that companies certified to ISO9001 and ISO14001 gain more benefits than the others.

Research limitations/implications

The study shows that companies implementing multiple management systems can have better corporate performance, product quality, and marketing edges than the others. The results indicate that different combinations of management systems give rise to different level of performance.

Originality/value

There is a lack of empirical proof that more benefits will be gained when multiple management system standards are adopted. The paper addresses this short‐coming and provides evidence that acquiring more system certifications will result in greater perceived benefits.
Eco‐design in total environmental quality management
Authors: Besseris George J.
Published: December 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology that may aid in assessing ecological quality multi‐trait screening through the use of simple and robust tools while exerting minimal effort in conducting trials and interpreting results.

Design/methodology/approach

Response data for two popular site‐monitoring environmental indicators, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), are arranged by implementing an 8‐run saturated orthogonal array proposed by Taguchi. Unreplicated data consolidation is performed through the Super‐Ranking translation. This permits converting the two eco‐traits to a single master response which becomes much easier to manipulate statistically. Distribution‐free multi‐factor contrasting provides the data reduction engine to filter‐out non‐active eco‐design variables for a waste treatment unit in a large dairy‐products plant.

Findings

Environmental quality improvement is achieved by accumulating structured eco‐data sets through an unreplicated‐saturated L8(27) Taguchi design. Concurrent minimization of the two selected eco‐responses, COD and BOD, promotes in a statistically significant fashion the quantity of incoming wastes, set at its minimum load, as the sole active eco‐factor.

Practical implications

Brief but robust experimentation is exploited in gaining information about the phenomenological behavior of environmental quality indicators, namely COD and BOD, in facilities that manage wastewater treatment. Design for environment is enforced through standard DOE planning schemes. Collected multi‐metric eco‐quality data are translated non‐parametrically in an easy‐to‐comprehend manner that requires no assist from software aids while bypassing more statistical intensive techniques which may demand involvement of more experienced personnel. The methodology is accessible to any level of statistical competence seamlessly intertwined to optimization demands for rapid inference needs.

Originality/value

The method mixes up three distinctive “design‐and‐analysis” elements in order to provide optimal solution in a design‐for‐environment project. The sampling capabilities of Taguchi's orthogonal arrays in concert with Super‐Ranking transformation fuse multi‐eco‐characteristics to a single easy‐to‐handle master unitless eco‐response. Order statistics tables recently published in terms of true probabilities have been adopted for supplying the proper cutoff points to be utilized for gauging against observed rank sums for an 8‐run orthogonal array screening. Quality managers and environmental engineers who contribute routinely to continuous eco‐improvement projects in their Total Environmental Quality Management (TEQM) program may find this approach attractive and viable en route to a typical industrial pollution prevention control deployment.
Brands, quality badges and agricultural cooperatives: how can they co‐exist?
Authors: Kontogeorgos Achilleas
Published: December 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine different quality schemes and to determine how these could be combined by Agricultural Cooperatives into a brand development strategy designed not only to differentiate their products but also to enhance them with higher value added in the competitive landscape of the food industry.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper will first address how brands have enclosed quality signs and even more, how consumers respond to it. Then, it will examine to what extent Greek Agricultural Cooperatives have developed brands for their products and whether they have used quality systems in their activities. Thus, the starting point in the paper's argument is that Agricultural Cooperatives have been slow to develop brands while consumers have been displaying a positive attitude towards these products.

Findings

This work suggests a solution to overcome the difficulties and drawbacks associated with the notion “cooperative product” and to compare its similarities with a collective brand, which has been previously proposed as a brand development strategy for the Agricultural Cooperatives.

Practical implications

The development of a Quality System especially designed for agricultural cooperatives’ products and, in combination with product certification, can be used as a part of their brand strategy.

Originality/value

Agricultural cooperatives could build a brand development strategy based on quality systems, Total Quality Management elements and hence attain the benefits associated with their implementation.
Multilateral initiatives in the East Asian arena and the challenges for Japanese higher education
Authors: Yonezawa Akiyoshi , Meerman Arthur
Published: December 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recent evolution of the policy debate over the internationalization of Japanese higher education in times of particularly strong financial constraint, with reference also made to trends in the higher education systems of neighboring Asian countries. The authors describe the de facto formation of a regional Asia‐Pacific higher education arena through open multilateral initiatives, which continues to develop despite the lack of a developed regional policy consensus.

Design/methodology/approach

The present paper is based upon over a decade of investigation into the Japanese and other Asian higher education systems. Observations drawn are based on the critical analysis of regional dynamics, including changing sociopolitical, demographic, economic and technology/information‐based factors. The paper objectively interprets information gathered on Japan's investment in human resources, the research performance and international standing of its universities, as well as on and cross‐border phenomena within the Asia‐Pacific region, such as transnational academic mobility, exchange agreements and other multilateral initiatives.

Findings

The international dimension of Asia‐Pacific higher education is becoming increasingly pronounced, primarily as a result of regional multilateral initiatives. Mutual exchange and collaboration between higher education institutions and individual academics and students are widespread and developing rapidly. However, at this moment, there is neither a developed policy consensus to guide the process, nor explicit agreement as to what the “regional higher education arena” in East Asia and the Asia Pacific looks like. Increasingly complex regional dynamics now present Japanese higher education with the need to reposition its role as a distinguished global leader to one as an active member in supporting multilateral initiatives within the Asia‐Pacific region.

Originality/value

In providing an objective synopsis of selected policy initiatives in Japanese and Asian higher education, this paper underscores the need to re‐conceptualize higher education dynamics in the Asian region and Japan's role therein. Long‐held views of Japan as “regional leader”, of the significance of the geographic situation of any one nation, of cross‐border initiatives as planned phenomena and of the factors influencing regional collaboration in academia are reassessed. As such, this paper moves beyond traditional “polar” conceptualizations to the new reality of “multilateral” relationships, concluding with an urgent call for consensus on key policy issues.
Promoting effective regionalization among Thai technical universities
Authors: Kirtikara Krissanapong
Published: December 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a background on the Thai higher education system which consists of over 160 public and private universities and colleges, under the purview of the Commission on Higher Education of the Ministry of Education. Particular emphasis is placed on the Rajmangala University of Technology (RMUT) system, consisting of nine regional technology universities, consolidated less than ten years ago from over 30 region‐based technology institutes, spreading over 20 provinces.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper looks at challenges faced by the Commission and the University: aligning uneven and highly differentiated capacity with emergent and shifting educational needs; distributing or gaining access to resources to assure that quality is both established and maintained; and dealing with the existential fact that the very technological needs that one is seeking to educate for are changing literally moment by moment. Mechanisms on collaboration among the nine universities, and management practices to ensure effective regionalization are presented.

Findings

Thailand is witnessing a rapid expansion of the Thai higher education system. Two new university systems, the Rajbhat University system and the Rajmangala University of Technology‐RMUT system are newcomers. Both have evolved out of colleges under the original Ministry of Education for many decades. They have been under‐funded and inherited characteristics uncommon to universities. The RMUTs have to establish themselves among existing, mature and well developed technological universities. Issues and challenges are to be addressed by the new governance and management mechanisms.

Originality/value

This paper provides insight into the challenges and developments faced by the higher education system in Thailand.
Regionalization and harmonization of higher education in Asia
Authors: Hawkins John N.
Published: December 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to see if economic regionalization in Asia is a trend for the future, and if it heralds educational regionalization, thus uniting economic internationalization and education.

Design/methodology/approach

This has been shown to be the case in the European Union where it is still a work in progress and may well be sliding backward, and it is certainly the case in Asia where despite or perhaps because of the plethora of regional organizations (well over 100), policies and programs, to say nothing of the continuing historical tensions between nations and sub‐regions, the process of harmonization has lurched along and questions remain as to its long‐term substance.

Findings

It is suggested that the proposition of these goals is much easier than the implementation for a variety of political, economic, and cultural reasons.

Originality/value

In this study a conceptual framework utilizing the concepts of centripetal and centrifugal forces is introduced to facilitate a focus on the forces and factors affecting regionalization and harmonization of higher education in the Asian region.
Parental identity influences progeny responses to incubation thermal stress in sockeye salmonOnchorhynchus nerka
Authors: Burt J. M. , Hinch S. G. , Patterson D. A.
Published: December 2011

The influence of individual parentage on progeny responses to early developmental temperature stress was examined in a cross‐fertilization experiment using sockeye salmonOncorhynchus nerka. Differences in survival, hatch timing and size were examined among five paternally linked and five maternally linked offspring families (Weaver Creek population, British Columbia, Canada) incubated at 12, 14 and 16° C from just after fertilization to hatch. Mean embryonic survival was significantly lower at 14 and 16° C; however, offspring families had substantially different survival responses across the thermal gradient (crossing reaction norms). Within temperature treatments, substantial variation in embryonic survival, alevin mass, time‐to‐hatch and hatch duration were attributable to family identity; however, most traits were governed by significant temperature–family interactions. For embryonic survival, large differences between families at 16° C were due to both female and male spawner influence, whereas inter‐family differences were obscured at 14° C (high intra‐family variation), and minimal at 12° C (only maternal influence detected). Despite post‐hatch rearing under a common cool thermal regime, persistent effects of both temperature and parentage were detected in alevin and 3 week‐old fry. Collectively, these findings highlight the crucial role that parental influences on offspring may have in shaping future selection within salmonid populations exposed to elevated thermal regimes. An increased understanding of parental and temperature influences and their persistence in early development will be essential to developing a more comprehensive view of population spawning success and determining the adaptive capacity ofO. nerkapopulations in the face of environmental change.
The Munro Review of Child Protection: An Appraisal
Authors: Parton Nigel
Published: December 2011

Over the last 40 years child protection systems in all Advanced Western Societies have been subject to high profile criticisms and regular major reviews. In many respects the Munro Review of Child Protection (2011) in England, is very different to those which have gone before. This paper summarises the main findings and recommendations of The Review and locates it in its immediate policy and practice contexts. The paper also begins to identify some of its possible gaps and challenges and argues that the success of The Review is likely to depend on cultural, political and economic factors well beyond its influence and outlines what these are.
Gleason grading: past, present and future
Authors: Delahunt Brett , Miller Rose J , Srigley John R , Evans Andrew J , Samaratunga Hemamali
Published: December 2011

Delahunt B, Miller R J, Srigley J R, Evans A J & Samaratunga H  (2012) Histopathology60, 75–86  Gleason grading: past, present and future

In 1966 Donald Gleason developed his grading and scoring system for prostatic adenocarcinoma. This classification was refined in 1974 and gained almost universal acceptance, being classified as a category 1 prognostic parameter by the College of American Pathologists. Modifications to the classification were recommended at a conference convened by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) in 2005. This modified classification has resulted in a significant upgrading of tumours, although some studies have shown a greater concordance between needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy scores when compared to classical Gleason (CG) grading. The ISUP consensus conference recommended that for needle biopsies higher tertiary patterns should be incorporated into the final Gleason score, and this has been correlated with biochemical failure, tumour volume and mortality. Recently the validity of including cribriform glands as a component of Gleason pattern 3 has been questioned and it has been recommended that all tumours showing cribriform architecture should be classified as Gleason pattern 4. The recommendations arising from the 2005 Consensus Conference were largely unsupported by validating data, yet this new grading system has achieved widespread usage. It is unfortunate that recent suggestions for further modification are similarly lacking in supporting evidence. In view of this it is recommended that the Modified Gleason Scoring Classification should continue to be utilized in its original (2005) format and that any future alterations should be implemented only when mandated by tumour‐related outcome studies.
Anatomy of the prostate revisited: implications for prostate biopsy and zonal origins of prostate cancer
Authors: Fine Samson W , Reuter Victor E
Published: December 2011

Fine S W & Reuter V E  (2012) Histopathology 60, 142–152

Anatomy of the prostate revisited: implications for prostate biopsy and zonal origins of prostate cancer

Over the past 25 years, our understanding of prostatic disease has evolved secondary to the increased detection, treatment and study of both benign and neoplastic prostatic lesions. The advent of aggressive prostate‐specific antigen screening and standardization of extended transrectal needle biopsy protocols has resulted in significant stage migration and earlier detection of prostate cancers, a growing proportion of which are lower‐volume posterior peripheral zone tumours. Consequently, an increased incidence of anterior‐predominant prostate cancers has been observed. Given the histomorphological complexity of the prostate, these developments have necessitated a reconsideration of prostatic anatomy, biopsy strategies in the detection of anterior tumours and the determination and relevance of zonal origin in prostate cancer. This review will provide a contemporary update of these topics, while highlighting specific areas in which a keen understanding of prostatic histoanatomy may influence biopsy interpretation.
Prostate cancer and inflammation: the evidence
Authors: Sfanos Karen S , De Marzo Angelo M
Published: December 2011

Sfanos K S & De Marzo A M  (2012) Histopathology 60, 199–215  Prostate cancer and inflammation: the evidence

Chronic inflammation is now known to contribute to several forms of human cancer, with an estimated 20% of adult cancers attributable to chronic inflammatory conditions caused by infectious agents, chronic non‐infectious inflammatory diseases and/or other environmental factors. Indeed, chronic inflammation is now regarded as an ‘enabling characteristic’ of human cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the evidence for a role for chronic inflammation in prostate cancer aetiology, with a specific focus on recent advances regarding the following: (i) potential stimuli for prostatic inflammation; (ii) prostate cancer immunobiology; (iii) inflammatory pathways and cytokines in prostate cancer risk and development; (iv) proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) as a risk factor lesion to prostate cancer development; and (v) the role of nutritional or other anti‐inflammatory compounds in reducing prostate cancer risk.
Molecular genetics of prostate cancer: emerging appreciation of genetic complexity
Authors: Barbieri Christopher E , Demichelis Francesca , Rubin Mark A
Published: December 2011

Barbieri C E, Demichelis F & Rubin M A  (2012) Histopathology 60, 187–198  Molecular genetics of prostate cancer: emerging appreciation of genetic complexity

The emergence of Next Generation Sequencing is providing novel insights into cancer genomes as part of large‐scale efforts by the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), as well as individual Genome Centers. Studies performing whole genome or whole exome DNA sequencing are remarkable both for the alterations discovered and equally important for the infrequent nature of recurrent mutations. Current understanding of the prostate cancer (PCa) genome is based on extensive RNA‐sequencing for novel gene fusions and the first whole genome sequencing effort. The emerging data suggest that there are few recurrent genetic mutations. Surprisingly, the PCa genome undergoes frequent large‐scale genomic rearrangements that could not have been predicted using previous DNA sequencing approaches, or even whole exome sequencing approaches. These large‐scale rearrangements appear not to occur randomly, but demonstrate patterns leading to the ‘chained’ juxtaposition of known oncogenes. Future efforts in DNA sequencing will help to determine the recurrent nature of these genomic rearrangements, their association with other alterations and their effect on PCa disease progression. These discoveries raise the possibility that PCa might soon transition from a poorly understood, clinically heterogeneous disease to a collection of homogeneous subtypes identifiable by molecular criteria, and perhaps vulnerable to targeted therapies.
Prevalence of the CTNNB1 mutation genotype in surgically resected fibromatosis of the breast
Authors: Kim Taeeun , Jung Eun Ah , Song Ji Young , Roh Ji Hyeon , Choi Jong Sun , Kwon Jee Eun , Kang So Young , Cho Eun Yoon , Shin Jung Hee , Nam Suk‐Jin , Yang Jung Hyun , Choi Yoon‐La
Published: December 2011

Kim T, Jung E A, Song J Y, Roh J H, Choi J S, Kwon J E, Kang S Y, Cho E Y, Shin J H, Nam S‐J, Yang J H & Choi Y‐L  (2012) Histopathology 60, 347–356  Prevalence of the CTNNB1 mutation genotype in surgically resected fibromatosis of the breast

Aims:  To investigate CTNNB1 mutation and β‐catenin expression in resected breast fibromatosis and to identify potential molecular markers of fibromatosis of the breast.

Methods and results:  We selected 12 patients with fibromatosis of the breast who underwent surgical resection and were confirmed by histological examination. Ultrasonography findings for 10 patients were reviewed and only two cases were suspicious for fibromatosis on imaging. On core needle biopsy for pre‐operative diagnoses, only three cases were histologically suspicious for fibromatosis. Mutations in exon 3 of CTNNB1 were detected by direct DNA sequencing in nine (75.0%) cases: all were c.121G>A (p.T41A), which was much more frequent in breast fibromatoses than in other soft tissue lesions. Nuclear β‐catenin expression was observed in all cases and the level of expression was higher in cases with mutation. In eight of nine cases, the matched biopsy specimen showed the same CTNNB1 mutation status as the pre‐operative specimen.

Conclusions:  In the majority of cases, clinical presentation and breast imaging are highly suspicious for carcinoma. Definitive pre‐operative pathological diagnosis by core needle biopsy is difficult. CTNNB1 mutation and nuclear β‐catenin expression are frequently detected in sporadic breast fibromatoses, suggesting their potential as a useful tool to distinguish breast fibromatoses from other neoplasms.
Expression of deleted in malignant brain tumours 1 (DMBT1) relates to the proliferation and malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells in hepatitis B virus‐related liver diseases
Authors: Deng Huan , Gao Ya‐Bo , Wang Hua‐Feng , Jin Xiao‐Long , Xiao Jia‐Cheng
Published: December 2011

Deng H, Gao Y‐B, Wang H‐F, Jin X‐L & Xiao J‐C  (2012) Histopathology 60, 249–260  Expression of deleted in malignant brain tumours 1 (DMBT1) relates to the proliferation and malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells in hepatitis B virus‐related liver diseases

Aims:  The molecular mechanisms underlying proliferation and malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the expression of deleted in malignant brain tumours 1 (DMBT1) and the biological behaviour of HPCs in different hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related human liver diseases.

Methods and results:  Expression of DMBT1 in HPCs was investigated by double immunofluorescence labelling in control‐group and HBV‐related liver diseases, including hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), non‐tumoral liver tissue away from HCC, non‐tumoral cirrhotic tissue adjacent to HCC, and non‐HCC cirrhosis. DMBT1‐positive HPCs were isolated by laser capture microdissection and subjected to duplex polymerase chain reaction in order to detect homozygous deletion of DMBT1. The number of DMBT1‐positive HPCs increased in direct proportion to inflammation severity. Loss of heterozygosity for DMBT1 was more frequent in HCC tumour area and non‐tumoral cirrhotic tissue adjacent to HCC, compared with other HBV‐related liver diseases (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:  DMBT1 may play an important role in the proliferation of HPCs in HBV‐related liver diseases. Moreover, down‐expression of DMBT1 might enhance the risk of malignant transformation of HPCs.
Recognition of nonkeratinizing morphology in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma – a prospective cohort and interobserver variability study*
Authors: Lewis Jr James S , Khan Raja A , Masand Ramya P , Chernock Rebecca D , Zhang Qin , Al‐Naief Nasser Said , Muller Susan , McHugh Jonathan B , Prasad Manju L , Brandwein‐Gensler Margaret , Perez‐Ordonez Bayardo , El‐Mofty Samir K
Published: December 2011

Lewis J S Jr, Khan R A, Masand R P, Chernock R D, Zhang Q, Al‐Naief N S, Muller S, McHugh J B, Prasad M L, Brandwein‐Gensler M, Perez‐Ordonez B & El‐Mofty S K  (2012) Histopathology 60, 427–436 Recognition of nonkeratinizing morphology in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma – a prospective cohort and interobserver variability study

Aims:  Nonkeratinizing morphology in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) strongly correlates with human papillomavirus and p16 status, but as a unique diagnostic entity is not widely recognized by pathologists. We sought to prospectively examine the performance of a new histological typing system during 1 year of routine clinical practice (Aim 1) and also its reproducibility amongst six head and neck pathologists using a 40 case test set (Aim 2).

Methods and Results:  The three histological types were: Type 1 (keratinizing), Type 2 (nonkeratinizing with maturation) and Type 3 (nonkeratinizing). For Aim 1, there were 85 cases. p16 immunohistochemistry was positive in five of the 18 (27.8%) cases classified as Type 1, 18 of the 19 (94.7%) as Type 2, and 47 of the 48 (97.9%) as Type 3. For Aim 2, agreement among pathologists on the test cases was best for types 1 and 3 (kappa values 0.62 and 0.56; P < 0.0001) and lowest for type 2 (kappa 0.35; P < 0.0001). All 21 cases classified as NK SCC (type 3) by any of the reviewers was p16 positive.

Conclusions:  Pathologists can recognize NK SCC with good agreement, and when a pathologist classifies a tumour as NK SCC, this reliably predicts p16 positivity.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Ramesh Prasad G. V.
Published: December 2011

Ramesh Prasad GV. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in solid organ transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01569.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Abstract:  Solid organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. To assist in their management, 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has become increasingly used in both clinical research settings and practice. ABPM has been used to better define post‐transplant hypertension incidence and prevalence in different solid organ transplantation populations. ABPM provides additional information on cardiovascular risk beyond that obtained by clinic‐based readings, based on its ability to assess 24‐h blood pressure (BP) load, detect nocturnal non‐dipping, and predict target organ damage. It has provided some assurance about the safety of living kidney donation. Information from ABPM can be used to guide living kidney donor selection, and because ABPM‐related data has been correlated with clinically important kidney and heart transplant recipient outcomes, it may be a valuable adjunct in their management. Despite these advantages, barriers to wider use of ABPM include expense, clinical inertia in hypertension management, lack of prospective clinical trial data, and clinical problems that compete with hypertension for attention such as acute or chronic allograft dysfunction. The increasing amount of research and clinical use for ABPM may allow for closer assessment and intervention to help address the increased cardiovascular risk faced by many solid organ transplant recipients.
Effect of Soil‐applied Zinc and Manganese on the Development of Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight of Soybean
Authors: Silva Ivanete Tonole , Rodrigues Fabrício Á vila , Baroni Júlio Cezar Parpaiola
Published: December 2011

This study aimed to investigate the effect of soil‐applied zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) rates on the development of aerial blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, in soybean. Plants (cv. ‘Conquista’) were grown in a typical Acrustox red‐yellow latosol amended with Zn rates (applied as ZnSO4·7H2O; 24% Zn) of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/dm3 of soil and Mn rates (applied as MnSO4·H2O; 36% Mn) of 0, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/dm3 of soil and inoculated with R. solani. The relationship between Zn and Mn concentrations on leaf tissues and the rates of these micronutrients was linear. The incubation period was not affected by Zn and Mn rates. The relationship between application rates and the area under aerial blight progress curve was best described with a positive linear regression model for Zn and with a positive quadratic regression model for Mn. Results from this study showed that high foliar concentrations of Zn and Mn do not increase soybean resistance to aerial blight.
The social and economic consequences of housing in multiple occupation (HMO) in UK coastal towns: geographies of segregation
Authors: Smith Darren P
Published: December 2011

Coastal town populations in the UK are under‐researched dimensions of broader conceptual debates and fields of work on social segregation, deprivation and divided communities. This paper argues that housing in multiple occupation (HMO) is a key factor in the concentration of deprived social groups and reproduction of socioeconomic decline in some coastal towns. To investigate the scale of, and links between, HMO‐dominated coastal neighbourhoods and deprivation, the paper provides the first national‐level empirical analyses of HMO and housing benefit claimants in private rented housing. More specifically, the social and economic consequences of HMO in coastal towns are explored using the case study of Central St Leonards, Hastings, on the south‐east coast of England. This serves to demonstrate the processes leading to: spatial concentrations of deprived, unrelated, multi‐person households; high population transience and density; downgraded residential environments; and fragile community cohesion. It is asserted that understanding the restructuring of coastal population structures, social relations and housing markets is instrumental for furthering debates of social segregation and divided societies, particularly in light of changing national welfare and housing benefit policies.
The Impact of Tax Revenue from Capital Gains Realizations on State Income Tax Revenue and Budget Conditions
Authors: SJOQUIST DAVID L. , STEPHENSON ANDREW V. , WALLACE SALLY
Published: December 2011

We explore the effect of the rapid increase in capital gains realizations on state income tax revenue during the 1990s and 2000s, and the effect that this had on state fiscal decisions regarding the use of these revenue. We find wide variation in the growth of capital gains realizations across states and that the growth in capital gains had a significant effect on state income tax revenue for many states. We find that states used a sizable portion of the additional revenue from capital gains to fund reserves in the year the revenue was generated, and that capital gains revenue lead to some reductions in taxes but not to increases in expenditures. The evidence suggests that states were conservative in their use of capital gains related revenues.
Forecasting General Fund Revenue: An Analysis of Idaho FY 1998 to FY 2011
Authors: COOKE STEPHEN C. , MCINTOSH CHRISTOPHER S.
Published: December 2011

Forecasting state general fund revenue (GFR) though business cycles means possibly confusing a cycle with an underlying long‐run trend. Relative to the actual revenue, the mean squared error of the academic, legislative, governor's, the growth path (GP), and Holt‐Winters (HW) forecasts for Idaho GFR was not significantly different than the naïve forecast's; the Combined GP‐HW forecast has significantly smaller mean square error. The GP model (ARIMA 1, 2, 1) produced a short‐run elasticity of revenue with respect to income of 1.05 (±0.05). The best GFR forecasts combined a HW two‐step‐ahead level with a GP one‐step‐ahead trend that provided a forecast of GFR with the smallest root mean square error between FY 1998 and FY 2009. A budget stabilization fund needs to be 34–40 percent of GFR for GFR to sustain growth at the state's long‐run expansion rate during a contraction.
Beyond 5 Percent: Optimal Municipal Slack Resources and Credit Ratings
Authors: MARLOWE JUSTIN
Published: December 2011

Local governments tend to keep large amounts of slack financial resources to hedge against risk and uncertainty. To date, there has been little empirical research on whether those slack holdings are inadequate, adequate, or perhaps excessive relative to those risks and uncertainties. I address this gap in current research by using credit quality as a criterion to consider “optimal” slack resource levels. I find that for a national sample of local governments, slack resources’ effect on credit quality is statistically but not substantively significant. Having some rather than no slack increases, the likelihood of receiving a more desirable rating by 5–9 percent, but large slack holdings have little if any additional effect. These findings have implications for future work on slack resources, and for debt management broadly.
State Tax and Expenditure Limitations, Business Climate, and Economic Performance
Authors: STALLMANN JUDITH I. , DELLER STEVEN
Published: December 2011

The influence of state‐level tax and expenditure limitations on economic performance within the framework of the state's business climate is examined using a family of parametric and nonparametric tests of subsample equivalency. An index of tax and expenditure limitation strength or restrictiveness developed by Poulson is used to test for patterns in 84 separate measures of economic performance, business vitality, and development capacity. In general, we find no evidence that tax and expenditure limitations are associated with higher levels of economic performance or business climate. There is limited evidence that tax and expenditure limitations are associated with a poorer business climate and lower economic performance in some cases.
Obesity, leptin, and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lee Edward B.
Published: December 2011

Obesity has various deleterious effects on health largely associated with metabolic abnormalities including abnormal glucose and lipid homeostasis that are associated with vascular injury and known cardiac, renal, and cerebrovascular complications. Advanced age is also associated with increased adiposity, decreased lean mass, and increased risk for obesity‐related diseases. Although many of these obesity‐ and age‐related disease processes have long been subsumed to be secondary to metabolic or vascular dysfunction, increasing evidence indicates that obesity also modulates nonvascular diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The link between peripheral obesity and neurodegeneration will be explored, using adipokines and AD as a template. After an introduction to the neuropathology of AD, the relationship between body weight, obesity, and dementia will be reviewed. Then, population‐based and experimental studies that address whether leptin modulates brain health and mitigates AD pathways will be explored. These studies will serve as a framework for understanding the role of adipokines in brain health.
Type 1 diabetes: role of intestinal microbiome in humans and mice
Authors: Boerner Brian P. , Sarvetnick Nora E.
Published: December 2011

Type 1 diabetes is a disease involving autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells in genetically predisposed individuals. Identifying factors that trigger initiation and progression of autoimmunity may provide opportunities for directed prophylactic and therapeutic measures to prevent and/or treat type 1 diabetes. The human intestinal microbiome is a complex, symbiotic ecological community that influences human health and development, including the development and maintenance of the human immune system. The role of the intestinal microbiome in autoimmunity has garnered significant attention, and evidence suggests a particular role for intestinal microbiome alterations in autoimmune disease development, including type 1 diabetes. This review will examine the role of the intestinal microbiome in the development and function of the immune system and how this relates to the development of autoimmunity. Data from animal and human studies linking alterations in the intestinal microbiome and intestinal integrity with type 1 diabetes will be closely examined. Finally, we will examine the interactions between the intestinal microbiome and dietary exposures and how these interactions may further influence autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes development.
Fusobacterium nucleatum GroEL induces risk factors of atherosclerosis in human microvascular endothelial cells and ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Lee H‐R. , Jun H‐K. , Kim H‐D. , Lee S‐H. , Choi B‐K.
Published: December 2011

Infection and inflammation are risk factors in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammations of the oral cavity, and has been reported to be associated with systemic disease. In this study, we evaluated whether the heat‐shock protein GroEL of Fusobacterium nucleatum, one of the most prevalent bacteria in periodontitis, induces factors that predispose to atherosclerosis in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC‐1) and apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. GroEL induced the expression of chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and interleukin‐8 as well as cell adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and E‐selectin. GroEL induced the activity of tissue factor and reduced the activity of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Foam cell formation was induced by GroEL. GroEL‐injected ApoE−/− mice showed significant atherosclerotic lesion progression compared with control mice. Serum levels of risk factors for atherosclerosis such as interleukin‐6, C‐reactive protein, and low‐density lipoprotein were increased in GroEL‐injected ApoE−/− mice compared with control mice, whereas serum levels of high‐density lipoprotein were decreased. We could detect significantly higher levels of anti‐F. nucleatum GroEL antibody in serum and F. nucleatum DNA in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis than in that from healthy subjects. Our results indicate that the host response to the GroEL of periodontal pathogens like F. nucleatum may be a mechanism involved in atherosclerosis, supporting the association of periodontitis and systemic infection.
Helping Individuals with Sleep Disturbances: Some Behavior Therapy Techniques
Authors: ALLEY PATRICIA M.
Published: December 2011

This article describes a range of behavior therapy techniques for treating sleep disturbances that emphasize restoring the client's sense of control and positive psychological growth.
Nader Versus ETS: Who Should We Believe?
Authors: Robinson Sharon E.
Published: December 2011

Nairn, A., & Associates. The Reign of ETS. Today's Education, 1980, 69, 58G–64G.

Kaplan, R.M. Nader's Raid on the Testing Industry: Is it in the Best Interest of the Consumer? American Psychologist, 1982, 37, 15–23.
Substance Abuse and Child Abuse—Neglect: Implications for Direct‐Service Providers
Authors: KAMEEN MARILYN C. , THOMPSON DIANE L.
Published: December 2011

This study investigates the relationships between substance abuse and child abuse—neglect. It presents recommendations for program development and training for direct‐service providers.
Finding the “Meaning” of Native American Substance Abuse: Implications for Community Prevention
Authors: PEDIGO JILL
Published: December 2011

The author examines chemical use by Native Americans with a proposal for a holistic prevention program involving enhancement of cultural interdependence.
Burnout in Counseling Practice: Some Potential Professional and Personal Hazards of Becoming a Counselor
Authors: WATKINS C. EDWARD
Published: December 2011

This article defines the syndrome of burnout and discusses some of the professional and personal hazards that confront the practicing counselor.
Trends in Counseling: A Delphi Study
Authors: DANIEL RICHARD W. , WEIKEL WILLIAM J.
Published: December 2011

Counselor preparation faculty used a Delphi procedure to forecast 48 possible trends in the areas of preparation, licensure, funding, professionalism, organizational bases and counseling procedures.
Reactive Depression and Chronic Illness: Counseling Patients and Their Families
Authors: HALLIGAN FREDRICA G.
Published: December 2011

Major theories and research findings are presented with specific suggestions for counseling approaches to reduce prevalence and impact of depression that often accompanies physical illness.
Curriculum Development in School Counseling
Authors: MARTIN JACK
Published: December 2011

In response to a number of current tensions affecting school counselors and their discipline, a three‐pronged solution is proposed, elaborated, and summarized.
Guidance and Counseling in Japan
Authors: WATANABE AGNES , HERR EDWIN L.
Published: December 2011

This article examines the historical and cultural factors that have shaped the professionalization, settings, and future trends of guidance and counseling in Japan.
Overcoming Obstacles to the Growth and Development of Guidance and Counseling in Thailand
Authors: PRATOMTHONG SAREE J. , BAKER STANLEY B.
Published: December 2011

Suggestions are presented for overcoming traditional customs and governmental problems that are currently obstacles to the growth and development of guidance and counseling in Thailand.
Guidance and Counseling in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: CHAMBERLAIN JAMES
Published: December 2011

University College Dublin introduced counselor training in 1967, and guidance and counseling are now established in secondary education and the national employment and rehabilitation services.
Toward a Paradigm of Healing: Data from the Hunting‐Gathering !Kung
Authors: KATZ RICHARD
Published: December 2011

A model of “healing as transformation” is presented, stressing transformation of consciousness and sharing of healing throughout the community. Contrasts with western approaches are discussed.
Cultural Factors in Guidance and Counseling, in Turkey: The Experience of a Fulbright Family
Authors: McWHIRTER J. JEFFRIES
Published: December 2011

The cross‐cultural observations of a Fulbright professor and his family are described. Issues such as age, authority, sex roles, proxemics, and communication are discussed.
The Gap Between Research and Practice on the Question of Counseling Effectiveness
Authors: LEWIS WILLIAM A. , HUTSON STANLEY P.
Published: December 2011

This article looks at outcome research from a practitioner's point of view and suggests that a serious problem may be caused by research that assumes the technique being studied is experienced by the clients. An argument is made for a research model that emphasizes the client's experience of the effect of the technique.
Solving the Psychotherapy Glut
Authors: NISENHOLZ BERNARD
Published: December 2011

This article focuses on some suggestions for dealing with the proliferation of counseling theories.
A Power‐base Training Model for Women
Authors: BEAMISH PATRICIA M. , MARINELLI ROBERT P.
Published: December 2011

This article describes a behavioral skills training model aimed at decreasing feelings of powerlessness often experienced by women, adapted from the literature on power‐bases.