bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Dielectric Authorship of Polyvinyl-Acetate and Toluene Diisocyanate (PVA-TDI) with Manufactured Sulfonated Phenol-formaldehyde (SPF) Viscous Mass Material Composite
Authors: Bachari Assist. Prof. Thamir Salman
Published: June 2017

The electrical insulation of the manufacture sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde viscous material (product) has been studied with Polyvinyl-acetate (PVA) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) blend has been prepared by fixing percentage by weight 3:1 and mixed with different percentages by weight of the product sulfonated phenol formaldehyde viscous mass (SPF). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is done on (SPF) resin powder and prepared film of PVA-TDI-SPF viscous mass. The quality factor (Q), dissipation factor (D), parallel resistance (Rp), series resistance (Rs), parallel capacitance (Cp), series capacitance (Cs) and phase shift (?) are measured. The calculated maximum dielectric constant (??) is 3.49x107 at sample (1) wt.1% SPF viscous mass to the weight of (PVA-TDI), the minimum dielectric constant is 1.12x106 at sample (3) wt.3% of SPF viscous mass to PVA-TDI weight. The maximum dielectric loss factor (??) is 3.68x107 at sample (1) and the minimum dielectric loss is 2.04x106 for sample (3). The maximum conductance is 1.06x10-4 S at sample (1) and minimum conductance is 6.64x10-6 at sample (3). The maximum frequency dependent ac. conductivity (?ac) is 2.048 S m-1 for sample (1) and the minimum is 0.113 S m-1 at sample (3). The maximum total conductivity (?t) is 126.2 S m-1 for sample (1) and minimum (?t) is 1.129 S m-1 for sample (3). The maximum independent conductivity (?dc) is 124 S m-1 for sample (1) and minimum value is 1.015 S m-1 for sample (3). The maximum capacitive reactance (Xs) is 0.83 M? at sample (5) wt.5% SPF viscous mass to PVA-TDI weight and the minimum is 0.14 M? for sample (3).
Differential Influences of Leaf Tip Trimming on Light Interception and Dry Matter Production in Tomato Dutch Cultivar Gourmet and Japanese Cultivar Momotaro York
Authors: Higashide Tadahisa , Mochizuki Yuya , Saito Takeshi , Kawasaki Yasushi , Ahn Dong-Hyuk , Ohyama Akio
Published: June 2017

To investigate the influence of morphological changes in individual leaves of tomato on light interception and dry matter (DM) production, we altered leaf shape by trimming leaflets of young or mature leaves of the Dutch cultivar Gourmet and the Japanese cultivar Momotaro York. Young leaves 5-cm long were trimmed of their first and second leaflets from the leaf apex. Mature leaves were similarly trimmed at ≥71 days after transplanting (DAT). The individual leaf area (LA) of intact ‘Momotaro York’ leaves was significantly larger than that of ‘Gourmet’. Light–photosynthesis curves of the cultivars were almost identical. Mature-trimmed plants of both cultivars had a smaller individual LA and a smaller leaf area index (LAI), and a greater light-extinction coefficient (LEC). Although there was no significant difference in light-use efficiency (LUE) (i.e., DM production per unit intercepted solar radiation) in ‘Gourmet’ between trimming stages, LUE of ‘Momotaro York’ was decreased significantly by young-leaf trimming. Trimming of young leaves significantly decreased the LEC in ‘Gourmet’ but increased it in ‘Momotaro York’. Although leaf trimming would be impractical for commercial cultivation, these results may provide with a clue for breeding for yield improvement.
La discriminación en razón de la orientación sexual. Un antes y después del caso Atala Riffo y niñas vs. Chile
Authors: Sol Bucetto MaríA
Published: June 2017

El principio de no discriminación no contaba con una definición estricta en el sistema interamericano, por lo cual establecer si la orientación sexual podía ser considerada un motivo prohibido de discriminación resultaba complejo. A partir del fallo Atala Riffo y niñas vs. Chile, la Corte Interamericana entendió que esta categoría quedaba incluida dentro de la expresión “cualquier otra condición social”, por lo cual se encontraba protegida por la Convención Americana y quedaba vedado todo tipo de trato discriminatorio ilegítimo. Para así entender realizó un estudio de la normativa y jurisprudencia de los sistemas universal y europeo. Luego de esta sentencia, se produjeron novedades normativas, e incluso la creación de la Relatoría LGBTI.
Nulidad declarada de oficio IX Pleno Casatorio Civil
Authors: Torres Vásquez Aníbal
Published: June 2017

Con ocasión de la emisión del IX Pleno Casatorio Civil, el autor analiza —desde un enfoque doctrinario, jurisprudencial y de derecho comparado— la facultad de los jueces de declarar de oficio la nulidad de un determinado acto jurídico, cuando esta sea manifiesta. Asimismo, expone y critica los alcances de los precedentes judiciales vinculantes establecidos en el referido pleno.
Nivel de validez y mecanismo procedimental del acto de inscripción en el Registro de Marca de Servicios de la Fiesta Costumbrista del Agua (Tusuy) del distrito de Puquio, Ayacucho, 2016
Authors: Muñoz Ccuro Felipa Elvira , Arangoitia Chalco Sidney
Published: June 2017

El propósito de esta investigación es describir el nivel de validez y mecanismo procedimental del acto de inscripción en el Registro de Marca de Servicios de la Fiesta Costumbrista del Agua (Tusuy) del distrito de Puquio-Ayacucho, 2016. Esta problemática es atendida a través de una propuesta para investigar los mecanismos procedimentales que constituyen la variable 1 y la validez del acto de inscripción de la danza, lo que constituye la variable 2. Los objetivos se centraron en demostrar la situación del patrimonio nacional a través de la presentación de documentos normativos y la aplicación de un cuestionario para medir la opinión de la comunidad con relación al nivel de conocimiento que tenían acerca de la propiedad de las fiestas costumbristas. Para ello se diseñó un instrumento que consiste en un cuestionario con 15 preguntas. Luego se aplicó a 50 sujetos para evidenciar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la legalidaddel acto de inscripción; los resultados son analizados a través de estadística descriptiva simple: tabla de frecuencia y figuras. Se concluye que la Fiesta Costumbrista del Agua (Tusuy) es una tradición cultural nativa del distrito de Puquio y los distritos aledaños, con Ley 28296. LEY GENERAL DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL DE LA NACIÓN y la RDN N° 362/INC-2005 (distrito de Andamarca), que la declara Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación. Es una fiesta pública cuya existencia data desde la época precolombina, con extraordinaria significación ysimbolismo en el culto al Agua.
A un año de la declaración de inconstitucionalidad de la publicidad de información financiera de empresas no supervisadas por la SMV
Authors: Quesquén Ríos S. Félix , Tello Cabello Sara Ynés
Published: June 2017

El objetivo principal de este artículo es demostrar que la declaración de inconstitucionalidad de la publicidad de información financiera de empresas no supervisadas por la Superintendencia de Mercado de Valores (SMV) no ha sido nada acertada, lo cual ha causado perjuicio a nuestra sociedad, al desconocer la publicidad de los estados financieros auditados. La investigación permite concluir en sugerir la expedición de un nuevo marco normativo por parte del Congreso, de forma excepcional teniendo en cuenta la decisión del Tribunal constitucional, que permita al Estado y la ciudadanía acceder a la información financiera de empresas no supervisadas, con la finalidad de evitar evasión fiscal y actos de corrupción.
Reincidencia, reintegración social y medios de comunicación
Authors: López Sinisterra Omar O.
Published: June 2017

La reincidencia delictiva consiste en la reiteración del delito en un tiempo determinado, del mismo tipo al anterior o diferente. Los Gobiernos han estructurado programas de reintegración social que han pretendido disminuir la reincidencia y lograr que los convictos se constituyan en seres socialmente productivos. Sin embargo, se necesitan ingentes recursos para llegar a tal metacon el éxito deseado, situación que no ocurre en nuestros países. La criminalidad se exacerba y más cuando los medios de comunicación la potencializan en frecuencia, duración e intensidad, comunicando este tipo de noticias en forma impactante, y de la mano con esta situación, se incrementa en ocasiones la dureza de las penas modificando las normas penales y dejando de lado los programas que pretenden reintegrar a los internos a la vida social.
Start-up phase of a UASB-septic tank used for high strength municipal wastewater treatment in Mexico
Authors: Santiago-Díaz A. L. , Salazar-Peláez M. L.
Published: June 2017

The objective of this work was to assess the performance during the start-up phase of a Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)-septic tank for municipal wastewater treatment in Mexico City. A lab scale UASB-septic tank (62 L total volume, acrylic), consisting of three chambers treated high strength municipal wastewater at ambient temperature (16 °C–24 °C), under 72 h Hydraulic retention time (HRT) during three months. Total and soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), total biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total solids and total suspended solids (TSS) removals were 75.2 ± 6.5%, 54.8 ± 6.7%, 64.2 ± 4.8%, 25.9 ± 5% and 82.9 ± 5%, respectively. These results are comparable with the removals reported in other works with similar arrangements; and are similar even with average removals of COD, BOD and TSS in UASB reactors installed in Latin America. The good performance obtained showed that it is possible to achieve a short start-up period with UASB-septic tank if it is inoculated with anaerobic sludge. These findings also evidenced the feasibility and reliability of the UASB-septic tank system for decentralized wastewater management in Mexico.
Efficiency analysis of effluents treatment plants of different industries at Kalurghat – Port City of Bangladesh
Authors: Wahid Sarkar Imran , Alam Ohidul , Hossain Mohammed Kamal , Chakraborty Milan Kumar , Mohinuzzaman Mohammad
Published: June 2017

The study was executed at Kalurghat industrial area to determine the efficiency of effluent treatment plants by testing different physicochemical parameters. Results revealed that only 3 out of 9 industries treated their effluents efficiently and discharged following the standards of Department of Environment. The remaining industries viz. Alfa Textile treated their effluent but the values of pH (10.2), dissolve oxygen (DO) (3.6 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (89 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (282 mg/L), total suspended solid (TSS) (221 mg/L), and electric conductivity (EC) (4,003 μS/cm) exceeded the standards, and released untreated effluents directly into the environment. Smart Jeans didn't maintain the standard of EC (1,927 μS/cm), DO (3.2 mg/L), BOD (96 mg/L) and COD (216 mg/L). Asian Apparels EC (1,973 μS/cm), DO (4 mg/L), BOD (79 mg/L), and COD (221 mg/L) weren't up to the standards. Similarly, Mans Fashion EC (1,243 μS/cm), DO (3.7 mg/L), TSS (180 mg/L), BOD (78 mg/L), and COD (255 mg/L) also exceeded the standards. In addition, Well Group TSS (160 mg/L), EC (3,201 μS/cm), DO (4.2 mg/L), and COD (235 mg/L) while Golden Height only EC (1,762 μS/cm) crossed the prescribed limits. Inversely, all the sampled industries volleyed effluents containing metals within the standards level except Alfa Textile (Cu, Zn, & Cr), Well Group (Cr) and Asian Apparels (Ni).
Use of a ceramic membrane bioreactor (CMBR) to treat wastewater at Guilin University of Technology
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Wang Dunqiu , Jin Yue
Published: June 2017

A ceramic membrane bio-reactor (CMBR) process was first used to treat wastewater collected from a campus of Guilin University of Technology (GUT). A CMBR with a submerged flat-sheet ceramic membrane module was designed for a Qmax of 300 m3/d. With a stable flux at about 33 L/m2 h, the transmembrane pressure was maintained at −10 kPa until the end of the experiment. The results showed that the CMBR process is a robust system capable of producing high-quality service water from campus wastewater. By using the CMBR process, the treated water met the Chinese national standards for landscaping irrigation.
Risk management for water supply pipes
Authors: Gerald Gangl
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the risk of water supply systems as a combination of hydraulic analyses (consequence) and failure probability of pipelines based on the actual condition is discussed. On the one hand, a stepwise closing of pipelines calculates the influence on customer's supply which represents the importance of a pipe. On the other hand, based on existing failure statistics, age and material distribution, a failure probability of a pipe segment is calculated. The two factors represent a risk matrix which is crucial for optimising the system.
Water budget analysis and management for Bangkok Metropolis, Thailand
Authors: Singkran Nuanchan
Published: June 2017

The water budget of the Bangkok Metropolis system was analyzed using a material flow analysis model. Total imported flows into the system were 80,080 million m3 per year (Mm3 y–1) including inflows from the Chao Phraya and Mae Klong rivers and rainwater. Total exported flows out of the system were 78,528 Mm3 y–1 including outflow into the lower Chao Phraya River and tap water (TW) distributed to suburbs. Total rates of stock exchange (1,552 Mm3 y–1) were found in the processes of water recycling, TW distribution, domestic use, swine farming, aquaculture, and paddy fields. Only 21% of the total amount of wastewater (1,255 Mm3 y–1) was collected, with insufficient treatment capacity of about 415 Mm3 y–1. Domestic and business (industrial and commercial sectors) areas were major point sources, whereas paddy fields were a major non-point source of wastewater. To manage Bangkok's water budget, critical measures have to be considered. Wastewater treatment capacity and efficiency of wastewater collection should be improved. On-site wastewater treatment plants for residential areas should be installed. Urban planning and land use zoning are suggested to control land use activities. Green technology should be supported to reduce wastewater from farming.
Questioning of Dental Students as a Means of Internal Monitoring of the Educational Process at the Department of Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery
Authors: Kavyn Vasyl , Popovich Yuriy , Fedorak Volodymyr , Bilinskuy Ihor , Romaniuk Stephan , Semeniv Iryna
Published: June 2017

The article has analyzed a questionnaire survey of second-year dental students of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University who completed the study course “Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy”. The questioning of students was conducted to assess the independent preparation of students for practical training as well as to clarify the students’ attitude to both the educational process at the Department of Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery and the mastering of practical skills. The dialogue with students through questioning allows to find out ways for the improvement of teaching the discipline “Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy” in the credit-transfer system of the educational process.
Treatment of Serous Otitis Media
Authors: Orishchak D. T. , Vasyliuk N. V. , Orishchak O. R. , Khrebtiuk H. V. , Fishchuk R. M.
Published: June 2017

Serous otitis media is a serosal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the auditory tube and the tympanic cavity which develops on the background of Eustachian tube dysfunction. It is characterized by the presence of seromucous exudate in the tympanic cavity. The disease occurs more often in children than adults.

The objective of the research was to compare the effectiveness of different methods of treating serous otitis media.

Materials and methods. The study included 46 patients with serous otitis media at the age of 22-55 years. There were 26 females and 20 males who were treated as inpatients and outpatients in the department of microsurgery of ENT-organs in Ivano-Frankivsk Central City Clinical Hospital during 2012-2016. Disease duration ranged from 10-15 days to 1 month. In all the patients, serous otitis media developed on the background of persistent allergic rhinitis. All the patients underwent comprehensive examination: their complaints as well as anamnestic data were analyzed, ENT examination including the endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx, otoscopy, audiometry, impedancemetry and laboratory investigations was performed. All patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I included 21 patients receiving conservative therapy for allergic rhinitis and serous otitis media; Group II comprised 25 patients receiving conservative therapy for allergic rhinitis and treatment of serous otitis media applying myringotomy and bypass surgery of the tympanic cavity.

Results. The analysis of the study revealed that in 9 patients of Group I, an improvement in hearing occurred on the third-fourth days after treatment. In 12 patients, treatment was ineffective. 14 patients of Group II who underwent myringotomy with the evacuation of the fluid from the tympanic cavity and subsequent injection of glucocorticoids into the tympanic cavity noted an improvement in hearing immediately after the procedure or the day after. In 11 patients of Group II, a thick mucous exudate was obtained during myringotomy. These patients underwent bypass surgery. The shunt was removed after a thorough cleaning of the tympanic cavity as well as the restoration of the auditory tube function.

Conclusions. Myringotomy is more effective and rational method of treating serous otitis media. Myringotomy with subsequent bypass surgery is recommended for patients with a thick mucous exudate in the tympanic cavity in order to prevent chronic adhesive otitis as well as to perform a complete sanation of the tympanic cavity and to restore the auditory tube function.
A Case of Arteriovenous Malformation Involving the Hand
Authors: Mourafiq Omar , Echchaoui Abdelmoughit , Tbouda Mohamed , Chefry Bouchaib , Bouabid Ahmed Salim , Benchebba Driss , Boussouga Moustapha
Published: June 2017

Arteriovenous malformations of the hand and wrist are uncommon and may involve any anatomic structure of the body. They may often lead to chronic pain and dysfunction. Treatment ranges from conservative measures to amputation with a high risk of complications and recurrence. We hereby report a rare case of an arteriovenous malformation in a 47-year-old woman who presented with a painless swelling of the dorsum of her left hand, which was treated successfully by surgical excision
Plasma Level of High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Rumaneh Wael
Published: June 2017

Arterial hypertension is an independent predictor of acute myocardial infarction. Nowadays, plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein is a marker of cardiovascular risk. The objective of the research was to evaluate plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction and arterial hypertension depending on myocardial remodeling type. Materials and methods. 130 patients with myocardial infarction (63 individuals with concomitant arterial hypertension and 67 individuals without it) were observed. Transthoracic echocardiogram was used. To evaluate plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein the ELISA method was applied. Results. Plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction increased by 5.11 times compared to the control group: (10.67 [5.43; 12.89]) mg/l and (2.09 [1.40; 4.60]) mg/l, respectively (p<0.001). In myocardial infarction and arterial hypertension, this parameter increased by 6.57 times (to (13.73 [7.05; 15.17]) mg/l) (p<0.001), and by 1.27 times (p<0.05) as compared to patients without arterial hypertension. No differences in plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein were detected in patients with different types of left ventricular remodeling.Conclusions. Acute myocardial infarction caused by high plasma level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein is severer in co-existent arterial hypertension. There are no differences in blood levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein depending on the type of left ventricular remodeling.
The Modern Aspects of Acute Heart Failure Management
Authors: Fedorov Sergiy , Izhytska Nataliya , Kulpok-Baginski Tomasz , Nadolny Klaudiusz
Published: June 2017

Acute heart failure (AHF) is one the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. The prognosis of patients admitted with AHF remains dismal, with over 20% experiencing recurrent HF admission and over 20% dying during the first year after initial admission.The purpose of this study was to provide contemporary perspective for hospital management of AHF within the context of the most recent data and to provide guidance, based on expert opinions, to practicing physicians and other healthcare professionals. Material and methods: In this paper we reviewed of current updated European Cardiology Society (ESC) HF guideline (2016) and modern trials for AHF from Medscape database. Results: Diuretics are the main medications in the treatment of patients with AHF and signs of fluid overload and congestion. Intravenous vasodilators are the second most used agent in AHF. Their use was shown to be associated with lower mortality, and a delay in administration was associated with a higher mortality.Use of an inotropic medications (such as dopamine, dobutamine, milrinone, levosimendan, epinephrine, norepenephrine) should be reserved for patients with a severe reduction in cardiac output resulting in compromised vital organ perfusion, which occurs most often in hypotensive AHF. Conclusion: Acute heart failure is a life-threatening medical condition, which needs emergency management for death prevention.
Frequency and Spectrum of Chromosomal Aberrations, Acrocentric Chromosome Associations Among Long Livers with Arterial Hypertension and Osteoarthritis Residing in the Carpathian Region
Authors: Shalamay U P
Published: June 2017

To maintain thyroid homeostasis, a key role is played not only by the adequate provision of a body with iodine, but also with other essential micronutrients, iron in particular. Iron is involved in the conversion of the amino acid L-phenylalanine into L-tyrosine, which is the part of active center of thyroid peroxidase which catalyzes the reactions of oxidation and organification of iodine during the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. At the same time, insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones leads to mucinous edema of the gastric mucosa and closure of its ductless glands and reduction in both gastric juice secretion and iron absorption. 

The objective of the research was to determine the influence of latent iron deficiency onto the thyroid status of schoolchildren. 

Materials and methods. The study involved 68 boys and 65 girls at the age 6-11 years (Group I) and 12-18 years (Group II). To assess iron metabolism, the levels of hemoglobin in capillary blood, serum iron and ferritin, serum iron binding capacity were determined. To clarify the thyroid status in blood serum samples, there were determined the content of free triiodothyronine and thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone of adenohypophysis, urinary iodine concentration; the dimension of the thyroid gland was determined and evaluated considering gender as well as body surface area according to the standards of thyroid volume (97 percentile). 

Results. It was established that latent iron deficiency can cause thyroid homeostasis disorders, as indicated by the growth of TSH in blood serum of girls by 37.5% (p<0.01) as compared to the control data. The probability of the formation of thyroid dysfunction significantly increases in case of combined iodine and iron deficiency. The development of subclinical hypothyroidism was established in 90.0% of boys and 89.0% of girls at the age of 6-11 years and 100.0% of boys and 75.0% of girls at the age of 12-18 years with mild iodine deficiency and latent iron deficiency. In schoolchildren with microelementosis, an increase in the thyroid gland was revealed in 66.6% of boys and 75.0% of girls of Group I and in half of boys and girls of Group II.

Conclusions. Iron deficiency can cause changes in thyroid homeostasis even at the stage of preclinical disorders. Latent iron deficiency potentiates the development of subclinical hypothyroidism in case of mild iodine deficiency.
Nutritive Profile of Sun Dried Fermented Mud Fish (Clarias Anguiliaris) and Tiger Fish (Hydrocynus Vittatus) Locally Known as Abil Alier Sold in Markets in South Sudan
Authors: Andrew Amegovu K. , Michael Mawadri , Mandha Juliana
Published: June 2017

Fishes are irreplaceable animal food in developing countries as a source of high quality protein and micronutrients. This study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, mineral content and fatty acids of sun-dried fermented Mud Fish (Clarias anguiliaris) and Tiger Fish (Hydrocynus vittatus) sold in local markets of South Sudan. International Organization for Standardization procedures were used to determine proximate composition, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for mineral content and Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry for fatty acids. C. anguiliaris had higher concentrations of crude protein (75.2%), crude fat (24.9%) and moisture content (14.3%) than H. vittatus with 65.98%, 7.81%, 8.12% respectively. H. vittatus had more ash content (4.1%) and carbohydrate (3.59%) than C. anguiliaris at 2.7% and 2.12% respectively. Palmitic fatty acid was the dominant saturated fatty acid in H. vittatus (21.12%) and C. anguillaris (21.32%). Eicosatrienoic acid was 11.21% in H. vittatus and 10.64% in C. anguillaris and was the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid. Calcium was the highest mineral followed by magnesium and zinc. Lead and mercury were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in C. anguiliaris (0.104 ± 0.001 g100g-1) than H. vittatus (0.06 ± 0.000 g100g-1). C. anguiliaris and H. vittatus are highly nutritious and rich sources of protein, moisture, lipid, ash and minerals.
Does Deeper Involvement in Lexical Input Processing during Reading Tasks Lead to Enhanced Incidental Vocabulary Gain?
Authors: Kolaiti Patricia , Raikou Panagiota
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates whether increased learner involvement in search tasks during reading activities results in differential vocabulary acquisition in an incidental setting in line with Hulstijn and Laufer’s (2001) Involvement Load Hypothesis. We designed and conducted an experiment with two groups of advanced Greek learners of English, an online dictionary-search group (Group 1) and a non-search group (Group 2) with the aim to test whether increased learner involvement in search tasks results in differential vocabulary retention. During a reading activity, participants of Group 1 were asked to find the meanings of 10 target words involved in the reading activity by using the online Google-dictionary and also find and write down a sentence relevant to the meaning of each target word. These two tasks were designed with the aim to activate the involvement factor “search” in line with Hulstijn and Laufer’s (2001) three-factor Involvement Load construct. During the same reading activity, participants in Group 2 were simply given the meanings of the 10 target items on a separate sheet of paper (glossary). The experiment was conducted in two stages with one week’s distance between them involving an immediate and a delayed vocabulary test aimed to assess short-term and long-term vocabulary retention respectively. The results of our study support the increased learner involvement hypothesis, as the dictionary-search group outperformed the non-search group in both tests.
La visión indígena de la vivienda en la obra sahaguntina
Authors: Rodríguez Figueroa Andrea Berenica , Valiñas Coalla Leopoldo
Published: June 2017

En este texto se presenta información sobre la vivienda que aparece en la obra saha- guntina, por lo que se plantea el problema terminológico referido a las casas y su im- plicación para una clasificación de ellas. A la vez se trae a un primer plano la necesidad de una continua reinterpretación de las fuentes documentales para el conocimiento del habitar mesoamericano. Para ello se confrontaron dos textos coloniales sahaguntinos: los Primeros Memoriales y el Códice Florentino, ponderando la visión de los frailes que, con su ideología europea, hicieron del mundo nahua. Este trabajo es parte de una investigación en curso de mayor extensión, en la que participan arquitectos paisajistas, antropólogos, lingüistas y arqueólogos.
EDITORIAL
Authors: San Martin Córdova Ivan
Published: June 2017

Editorial del número 12
La planificación estratégica para la futura gestión de riesgos de desastre en áreas urbanas históricas de Guatemala
Authors: Palma de Cuevas Susana
Published: June 2017

El artículo evidencia la necesidad de contar con un instrumento de planificación para la gestión de riesgos de desastre en las áreas urbanas históricas de la República de Guatemala, que apoye a los planificadores municipales en la conducción de procesos participativos que orienten la seguridad futura de estas áreas. Se considera, por tanto, que la metodología de planificación estratégica se encuentra vigente y resulta útil para hacer aportaciones positivas a este propósito. Por lo que el texto presenta un breve recorrido en la evolución conceptual del término área urbana histórica; aporta el con- cepto de seguridad urbana en un contexto territorial; define la planificación estratégica para la gestión de riesgos en estas áreas y propone recomendaciones para su implemen- tación de forma descentralizada.
Cambios socioterritoriales e indicios de gentrificación Un método para su medición
Authors: Bournazou Marcou Eftychia Danai
Published: June 2017

La gentrificación urbana representa un tema cada vez más abordado en el contexto de América Latina. Hay una diversidad de trabajos que debaten sobre la conceptua- lización del fenómeno, sin embargo son escasos los estudios que intentan cuantifi- car sus expresiones y desarrollar una tipología de los espacios transformados en su composición social. El presente estudio desarrolla un índice para la medición de la gentrificación aplicado en el caso del Distrito Federal (México) del año 2000 al 2010, y registra a través de mapas sociales, un panorama general de los cambios socioterri- toriales. La finalidad es ofrecer una visualización integral de espacios gentrificados o con potencial de cambio hacia una revalorización.2 Este diagnóstico puede aportar elementos para la formulación de políticas públicas y acciones específicas, para que propicien o desincentiven los procesos registrados, con el fin de minimizar los efectos negativos del fenómeno.
Patrones evolutivos. Un primer paso para el diseño de un sistema de optimización de la vivienda crecedera
Authors: Martín López Lucía
Published: June 2017

Para optimizar el proceso de ampliación de la vivienda crecedera se está diseñando un sistema de análisis y comparación de casos. Este sistema identifica cual es el mecanismo óptimo de ampliación para una familia determinada con unas circunstancias propias en un lugar concreto. Para poder desarrollar este sistema, basado en la comparación, es necesario identificar la fluctuación en el tiempo de los parámetros que caracterizan cada una de las casas. Para esto se han analizado las teorías de varios especialistas en vivienda social, progresiva, y/o crecedera, realizando un compendio de los índices de análisis utilizados por ellos. Estos se han modificado, combinado e implementado hasta obtener los ocho patrones evolutivos que caracterizan el crecimiento de la vi- vienda y que se describen este artículo: El patrón de dinámica familiar, el de dinámica territorial, el de holgura y hacinamiento, el de construcción progresiva, el de evolución espacial, el de evolución cualitativa de la vivienda, el de costo de construcción progre- siva y finalmente el de costo de legalización.
Tras las huellas de los arquitectos del exilio republicano español
Authors: Alarcón Azuela Eduarco
Published: June 2017

Reseña libro "Arquitecots españoles exiliados en México".  Juan Ignacio del Cueto Ruiz-Funes.  UNAM.  México:  2014
Crítica y valoración de la arquitectura moderna El método de Roberto Segre y Eliana Cárdenas
Authors: López Pérez Jorge Mario
Published: June 2017

El análisis crítico de la arquitectura y su valoración no son tareas fáciles, si no se tiene una base que guíe el camino para su realización. Los arquitectos Roberto Segre y Eliana Cárdenas generaron un método que ha sido aplicado en varios países de La- tinoamérica. En este artículo se hace un recorrido por su propuesta en sus diferentes fases, resaltando sus aportes y debilidades, donde se consideró oportuno cohesionar y adicionar otros parámetros con el fundamento de otros autores y la experiencia particular. De ese modo se contribuye a fortalecer esta guía, sujeta a ser una opción a disposición de quienes se interesan por hacer crítica de la arquitectura en general pero puntualizando aspectos que se ajustan a los objetos arquitectónicos modernos. 
Del imaginario estético al imaginario social urbano. En los procesos de consolidación de empatías urbanas
Authors: Agudelo Catañeda Jairo Humberto
Published: June 2017

Los fenómenos espontáneos de apropiación, transformación de usos y expresión cul- tural en el espacio urbano, evidencian en su estructura íntima, la identidad recíproca entre una micro cultura urbana y un espacio con el que establecen lazos de identidad, que hacen del espacio un elemento protagónico en la conformación de sistemas cul- turales emergentes en la ciudad. El sistema cultural emergente o micro cultura, es en esencia un sistema que se estructura a partir del ejercicio comunicacional de sus ele- mentos constituyentes donde el espacio es elemento fundamental en la construcción de realidad y sentido histórico.

Lograr expresarse en el espacio urbano es para una micro cultura, un logro que la establece como válida; apropiarse de un espacio urbano es la forma de institucionali- zar su existencia, pues su apropiación es una muestra de solidez social y cultural donde el espacio urbano es el cimiento de su construcción simbólica. El espacio deja de ser sólo para la contemplación estético-simbólica, heredado de las estructuras barrocas y se establece como generador de experiencias sociales a partir de las cuales se constru- yen imaginarios sociales que son la base de toda cultura urbana. 
Flexibilidad de uso y nuevo uso de las viviendas republicanas en Ecuador El caso de la ciudad de Loja
Authors: Monteros Cueva Karina
Published: June 2017

La vivienda ecuatoriana tradicional conocida como “republicana” presenta la misma tipología funcional colonial, caracterizada por la presencia del patio central a través del cual se desarrollan todas las actividades fundamentales. Sus fachadas presentan similares características, razón por la cual se suele asumir que todas tuvieron el mismo uso: vivienda; sin embargo, el registro de bienes muebles e inmuebles decretado por el Estado ecuatoriano por medio del Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural (INPC) permitió inventariar cada uno de estos inmuebles y descubrir las flexibilidades de uso que tuvieron y así fundamentar la importancia de su valor inicial para las posibles intervenciones al momento de rehabilitar edificios patrimoniales. Por ello, el presen- te análisis parte del registro desarrollado en la provincia de Loja, ubicada al sur del Ecuador, determinándose que existieron hostales, teatros, escuelas, centros de artes y fábricas que funcionaron en estas tipologías aunque sus fachadas no lo reflejan, esa ha sido una de las razones por las cuales no contaron con la debida custodia. Se es- cogieron dos edificaciones como caso de estudio, una ubicada en un ámbito urbano y otra en el rural, llegando a determinar que la relación entre contenido y contexto se encuentra determinada por las necesidades de la población en un momento específico de la historia. 
Datación de fincas cafetaleras a partir del análisis de la organización espacial de sus núcleos urbanos en Guatemala durante los siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Quiñónez Guzmán Javier
Published: June 2017

Desde 1868 Guatemala se caracterizó por la siembra, producción y exportación de café, lográndose posicionar como uno de los países más reconocidos a escala mundial en esta práctica agroexportadora. Luego de que en el país se llevara a cabo la Revolución Li- beral de 1871,1 hubo una proliferación de fincas cafetaleras aprovechando las benevo- lencias que el sistema político de los liberales brindaba a los propietarios de las mismas. En estas fincas se desarrolló la infraestructura necesaria para su funcionamiento con ca- racterísticas particulares que dieron origen a los pequeños núcleos urbanos referidos aquí. El artículo plantea que a través de la lectura y análisis de la organización espacial de estos núcleos urbanos se puede determinar la fecha aproximada de implantación de las mis- mas, dividiéndolas en tres momentos en la historia de Guatemala: desde el aparecimiento de las primeras Fincas hasta 1871, desde 1871 hasta 1898, y desde 1898 hasta 1944. 
La arquitectura protestante ante lo sagrado
Authors: Vidal Rojas Rodrigo
Published: June 2017

La idea de lo sagrado se hace presente en el ser humano desde los inicios de su existen- cia. La antropología, la filosofía y sus disciplinas conexas lo entienden como el equi- librio perfecto entre fascinación y terror, entre aquello que es deseable, pero al mismo tiempo inalcanzable. Lo sagrado revela la idea de eternidad pero al mismo tiempo nos puede provocar la muerte. En Occidente, esta idea en gran medida también presente en el judaísmo cambia radicalmente con la manifestación del Jesús histórico, como máxima manifestación de lo sagrado. En Jesús, Dios, el Santo, manifiesta su sacra- lidad entregando su propia vida como sacrificio redentor para generar vida eterna a través de Jesús. A partir de ese momento la sacralidad cristiana, y más específicamente protestante, se entiende como la presencia permanente de Jesús en medio de su iglesia a través de la persona del Espíritu Santo. La máxima expresión de la sacralidad cris- tiana es la iglesia congregada en espacios construidos que faciliten la reunión en una comunión que convoque la presencia de Jesús. ¿De qué modo esta sacralidad cristiana se expresa en la arquitectura protestante? 
Las capillas de la calle del Calvario
Authors: Arciniega Ávila Hugo
Published: June 2017

Reseña del libro:  

Robin, Alena  Las capillas del Vía Crucis de la ciudad de México.  UNAM-IIE. México, 2014. 1ª edifición.
Data (también) es diseño
Authors: Casillas Lavín Gustavo
Published: June 2017

Ningún dato es neutral. Un dato tiene intencionalidad y adquiere sentido en función de su propósito y su contexto. Los agentes inteligentes con sistemas de aprendizaje profundo seleccionan, recolectan, almacenan, analizan y brindan propósito a un conjunto de datos que pasan a formar parte de la función de un artefacto; de esta manera, la intencionalidad del diseño se transforma en virtud de los datos involucrados durante la interacción con el usuario, de forma distinta a la propuesta por el diseñador al momento de proyectarlo. La función es una propiedad emergente de un sistema al que pertenece el artefacto.
Los puentes del diablo y la arquitectura novohispana
Authors: Boils Morales Guillermo
Published: June 2017

En este texto me ocupo de algunos puentes de fábrica, realizados con una o varias bóvedas de arco fabricadas con piedra o tabique y mamposteadas con mortero de cal. Todos ellos fueron construidos en distintos momentos durante los tres siglos de dominación española.
Se trata de media docena de puentes ubicados en diversas latitudes del territorio mexicano. Todos ellos siguen en pie y, además, continúan estando en uso hasta nuestros días, aunque con muy variadas condiciones físicas de conservación e intensidad de tránsito. Sin embargo,
lo que los une para los fines de este texto es que se denominan: Del Diablo. Las causas de tal designación son varias y se examinan en estas páginas, aunque una de las principales está asociada, adelanto ahora, con los peligros que representó construirlos para los trabajadores que llevaron adelante la ejecución de las obras.
Sistemas, modelos y data,
Authors: Lozoya Johanna
Published: June 2017

¿cómo transforman las fronteras del diseño del conocimiento?

 
De tramas, fragmentos y paisajes digitales: morfogénesis y prototipos pre-arquitecturales. Revisión de una propuesta en progreso
Authors: Cañete Islas Omar
Published: June 2017

En el presente artículo se sistematiza parte del trabajo realizado a lo largo de varios años en el campo de la modelación digital basada en algoritmos. Esta labor se ha realizado en la carrera de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Valparaíso Chile, al amparo de la cátedra de geometría
fractal y los talleres de arquitectura. Esta línea de desarrollo se orienta a la exploración morfológica guiada tanto por la búsqueda de principios de formas transformacionales (tales como crecimiento, transformación, descomposición y fragmentación escalar de patrones en la modelación
de paneles, módulos, tramas y paisajes digitales), así como
en áreas afines como las artes visuales, asistidas por criterios arquitecturales en el diseño de prototipos y modelos pre-proyectuales. De esta forma, se discuten las posibilidades de la aplicación de intervenciones
en la conformación de tramas dentro de un paisaje urbano.
La arquitectura deconstructivista como fenómeno político. Un recorrido analítico a través de sus emplazamientos
Authors: Casildo Rendón Christian Uriel
Published: June 2017

Este trabajo tiene como propósito explorar y reflexionar la configuración contemporánea de los mecanismos de ejercicio del poder, de control y vigilancia inscritos en la arquitectura llamada deconstructivista. El objetivo de la selección de esta “corriente” tiene que ver con su papel hegemónico dentro de la arquitectura como institución histórica y en su constitución como sistema experto en la sociedad contemporánea. Para este cometido se analizarán algunos proyectos y fenómenos protagonizados por la arquitectura: desde el diseño de la primera tienda insignia de Prada en Nueva York, por parte del despacho de Rem Koolhaas oma/amo, hasta el uso de los escritos teóricos de Daniel Libeskind por parte de las Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel en la redefinición de diversas estrategias bélicas.
Crescimento compensatório em tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Simões Salomão Rondinelle , Salomão Rondinelle Artur Simões , Drimel Vitor Gestinari , Santos Vander Bruno dos
Published: June 2017

The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has good characteristics for production among the fish species grown in Brazil, due to numerous productive qualities and that its production is increasing every year. This study aimed to evaluate the compensatory growth in the strain of Nile tilapia Genomar Supreme generation 14. Fish approximately 380 g were cultivated in two re-circulating water systems. In one treatment, tilapias stayed feeding restriction for 7 days, and after this period were re-feeding until 21 days of treatment; while the other system were fed daily with a common commercial feed the crude protein content 28%. At 0, 7 and 21 days was done the sampling 12 fish per treatment. The water parameters were considered ideal for the cultivation of the species. The standard length, body size and perimeter peduncle showed no difference in the different ages and in different treatments. After 7 days (after the fasting period) is consisted that the weight (333,8g) restriction group was lower compared to the control group (393,1g), but at 21 days the weight of 407.1 and Tilapia 402.4 (control and restriction respectively) in both treatments showed no difference, indicating a total compensation. The filet weight also obtained a difference at 7 days and 62.6 49.3g (control and restriction respectively). It was concluded that short periods of food restriction time (fasting) promotes a compensatory gain Nile tilapia, which may indicate a good strategy to reduce the production costs.
Alterações microbianas dos produtos de pescados curados: Revisão
Authors: BIONI LUCILO BIONI DA FONSECA FILHO , Silva Amanda Thaís Ferreira , Rocha Paula Gabrielle Gonçalves da , Costa Caio Alves da , Nascimento Júlio Cézar dos Santos , Carvalho Neto Pedro Marinho de
Published: June 2017

By definition, fish are aquatic organism used for human consumption, including all their parts and derivatives. Being a product subject to inadequate manipulation and easy deterioration, fish consumption may become a risk to public health, being a potential transmitter of pathogenic microorganisms to humans. So it is necessary to implement appropriate conservation techniques for this class of food. The cure process is used in order to increase the shelf-life and the added value of products, as well as influence their organoleptic characteristics.
Quimiodectoma maligno em um cão Weimaraner: Relato de caso
Authors: Guilherrme Dias Araujo  , Wilson Tais Meziara , Bernardo Daniela Marques , Campos Marco Túlio Gomes , Araújo Diogo Nogueira
Published: June 2017

The goal of this case report is to describe an occurrence of malginant chemodectoma in a weimaraner dog. Chemodectomas are tumors formed from chemoreceptors present at the heart base involving the aortic and carotid body, can be benign (most common) or malignant. These tumors are uncommon in small animal clinical and, when they occur, are usually associated with older dogs and brachiocephalic breeds (boxer, bulldog, among others). The clinical diagnosis is cornered, because the most of affected animals are asymptomatic, and when present, the clinical signs are non-specific and, therefore, diagnosed through routine radiographs or as found in post-mortem examination. In this case, the animal went to clinical treatment for some other reason (subcutaneous nodules), and the chemodectoma was investigated after be perceived increased respiration and buffering lung sounds in some thoracic regions. The final diagnosis was possible after thoracic radiography and histopathology of tumor tissue through "tru-cut" technique with the aid of ultrasound Doppler tool. In addition to refer to the occurrence of chemodectoma in a non-biased race, the importance of this work is also about gives the owner approach against a malignant chronic pathology without possibility of correction.
Tigeciclina en infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos complicadas.
Authors: Rodríguez José Yesid , Valderrama Sandra Liliana , Osorio-Pinzón Johanna , Cataño Juan Carlos , Cortés Jorge Alberto , Arévalo Mora Leonardo , Álvarez-Moreno Arturo
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: evaluar la mejor evidencia actual disponible para generar recomendaciones con respecto a la efectividad y seguridad del uso de tigeciclina en adultos con infección de piel y tejidos blandos (IPTB).Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, seleccionando los metaanálisis y experimentos clínicos controlados (ECCs), los cuales se valoraron utilizando la herramienta SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.), con el fin de generar tablas de evidencia según GRADE de los estudios de tigeciclina en la indicación de IPTB, para posteriormente utilizar un proceso Delphi modificado para calificar las diferentes recomendaciones.Resultados: la revisión sistemática se incluyeron 9 metaanálisis que incluyeron 5 estudios clínicos aleatorizados con 1873 pacientes, y de ellos 952 asignados al brazo de tigeciclina, no mostró inferioridad frente a los comparadores en curación clínica (RR= 0.76 IC95% 0,57 – 1.03), curación microbiológica (RR= 0.92 IC95% 0,61 – 1.38), eventos adversos serios RR 1,41 (IC95%0,97 a 2,35), ni mortalidad RR 1,9 (IC95%0,84 a 4,3). La tigeciclina puede relacionarse con mayor frecuencia de eventos adversos leves de origen gastrointestinal.Conclusión: en pacientes adultos con IPTB, se considera que el uso de tigeciclina en monoterapia en pacientes no críticamente enfermos es equivalente en eficacia a otras opciones terapéuticas antimicrobianas. Se debe considerar especialmente como terapia de ajuste en pacientes con infecciones polimicrobianas.