bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simulating Study for Back Pressure Impacts on Selected Foam Rheological Properties in Vertical Wells
Authors: Sinde Seydou
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the emphasis is put on the effect of the surface back pressure on selected foam rheological properties. A hydraulic model for foam drilling in vertical well has been developed using Visual Basic program to thoroughly analyze foam hydrodynamics and to study the effect of the back pressure on these selected rheological properties such annular pressure, foam quality, density, effective viscosity, power and consistency
indices and cuttings concentration along the entire annular section. The model intends to simulate and predict foam rheology and characteristic parameters for foam drilling in vertical wells. The model was evaluated and validated by running its program on two foam-drilled wells in the Middle East. The developed model was also compared with two other models: Valco-Economides’ model; and Sporker’s model. The average errors of the developed model accuracy were 2.59% and 10.85% for the first and second wells, respectively. The model accuracy was slightly better than that of Valco-Economides’ one, but less than that of the Sporker’s one.
Pengaruh Berbagai Komposisi Media Tanam Hidroponik Sistem DFT pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad , Hafizah Nur
Published: January 2020

Lettuce is a type of green leafy vegetable that has many benefits and a good source of vitamins. DFT hydroponics is plant cultivation without using soil. Cocopeat and hydroton are hydroponic growing media. This study aims to (i)determine the effect of various compositions of the DFT hydroponic growing media on growth and yield of lettuce (ii) obtaining the best composition of the DFT hydroponic planting media on growth and yield of lettuce. This study was conducted in Rica Village, Paringin District, Balangan Regency from February to April 2019. This study used a Randomized Design Group (RDG)single factor.  The factors observed were the composition of the hydroponic planting media of the DFT system (m) by as much as 5 degrees of consisting of m1 = 100% cocopeat: 0% hydroton (100 g cocopeat: 0 g hydroton), m2 = 0% cocopeat: 100% hydroton (0 g cocopeat: 100 g hydroton) , m3 = 50% cocopeat: 50% hydroton (50 g cocopeat: 50 g hydroton), m4 = 75% cocopeat: 25% hydroton (75 g cocopeat: 25 g hydroton), m5 = 25% cocopeat: 75% hydroton (25 g cocopeat: 75 g hydroton). The results showed that the treatment of the composition of the hydroponic growing media had a very significant effect on plant height 14,21,28 and 35 HST, the effect was very significant on the number of leaves 7,21,28 and 35 HST, significantly affected the wet weight of the plant. The best treatment is obtained at m5 = 25% cocopeat: 75% hydroton (25 g cocopeat: 75 g hydroton).
Paradoxes of Dual Nationality: Geopolitical Constraints on Multiple Citizenship in the Iranian Diaspora
Authors: Malek Amy
Published: January 2020

Despite suggestions that multiple citizenships offer enhanced access to security, mobility, and rights, dual nationals of countries like Iran may instead experience greater insecurity, immobility, and disruption of rights. This article offers a brief overview of recent literature and
controversies surrounding dual citizenship and then focuses on the Iranian case, demonstrating the limits of dual citizenship as felt by diasporic Iranians. The winds of geopolitical change may affect which nation's dual citizens will be targeted in a given time period, but the impact of geopolitical
constraints must be considered in any explanations of the costs and benefits of dual citizenship.
Se montrer à la hauteur. Conformation professionnelle et intégration de l’actualité dans le faisceau de tâches des enseignants d’histoire-géographie
Authors: Douniès Thomas
Published: January 2020

Au croisement entre la sociologie de l’éducation, de l’institution et du travail, cet article montre comment, en dehors des attentes institutionnelles officielles, le traitement et le suivi de l’actualité s’intègrent au faisceau de tâches des enseignants d’histoire-géographie de lycée. Il s’agit de comprendre les processus socialisateurs qui génèrent ces tâches, les rendent possibles et acceptables. Avec une perspective compréhensive, l’enquête amène à insister sur la perception d’attentes institutionnelles diffuses, et la volonté de s’y montrer à la hauteur, où agissent de manière combinée des dispositions professionnelles, disciplinaires et personnelles. L’endossement des tâches concernées procède d’une conformation à un rôle et une identification professionnels, qui en retour contribuent à lui donner du sens. L’analyse montre finalement comment, aux marges des principales activités professorales, se déploient des tâches indissociables de l’intériorisation d’une définition légitime du « bon » enseignant d’histoire-géographie.
Le genre des concours : mixité et sous-représentation des femmes en éducation physique et sportive
Authors: Szerdahelyi Loïc
Published: January 2020

Dans le sillage des enquêtes de la DEPP et du CNESCO sur l’attractivité du métier d’enseignant·e, cet article propose une analyse de la structure genrée du recrutement des professeur·es d’EPS depuis leur intégration au ministère de l’Éducation nationale en 1981. L’objectif est d’appréhender le passage de la séparation à la mixité des recrutements, au prisme des flux de candidat·es, de leurs réussites comparées et des discours sur la mutation des concours. Durant les années 1980, l’EPS est une discipline scolaire dans laquelle est organisée une mixité-parité des enseignant·es, par le maintien de concours séparés selon le sexe. Après 1989 et l’instauration du CAPEPS unique, les candidatures et recrutements connaissent d’importantes variations, conformes aux tendances observées dans le second degré public mais révélatrices de l’installation spécifique d’une division sexuée du métier. Face à la masculinisation récente et croissante des professeur·es d’EPS, l’analyse met en tension le principe égalitaire et propose des pistes explicatives de la diminution du nombre de candidates au professorat d’EPS.
Les pratiques évaluatives à la maternelle : des expériences enfantines différenciées en fonction du statut scolaire
Authors: Bénit Stéphane , Sarremejane Philippe
Published: January 2020

Même si elle entend s’appuyer sur les spécificités du développement de la petite enfance, l’école maternelle fait de plus en plus référence à l’école élémentaire, notamment au travers de ses méthodes évaluatives. En poursuivant précocement une détection des difficultés d’apprentissage, dans le but de participer à la lutte contre l’échec scolaire, elle contribue, au travers de ses pratiques évaluatives, à produire des expériences scolaires fort diverses. L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre quelles sont les expériences des enfants face à de telles pratiques, et comment ils s’organisent dans un univers scolaire qui leur renvoie une image pas toujours positive d’eux-mêmes. Le matériau empirique privilégié ici est constitué d’entretiens semi-dirigés. Nos résultats montrent que dès le début de la scolarité, les statuts scolaires influencent de façon importante les comportements des enfants, notamment en ce qui concerne la façon de préserver leur estime personnelle ou d’afficher une véritable satisfaction du statut de meilleur élève.
Comment contenir les crispations « identitaires » au sein de l’équipe d’un multi-accueil parisien ? Monographie d’une structure d’accueil de la petite enfance
Authors: Hilbold Mej
Published: January 2020

Cet article propose une étude de cas clinique, sous la forme d’une monographie d’une structure d’accueil de la petite enfance, afin de mettre au jour quelques enjeux du travail en équipe dans le secteur de la petite enfance caractérisé par une pluriprofessionnalité et par des mutations profondes touchant les différentes professions du secteur. La structure est considérée à la fois sous l’angle des savoirs informant les pratiques des professionnel-le-s et sous celui des conflits qui la traversent. Examinant deux notions, la « contenance » et la « contention », développées par Denis Mellier dans son ouvrage d’orientation psychanalytique sur la vie psychique des équipes dans les crèches (Mellier, 2000/2014), l’auteure s’en écarte pour envisager un positionnement fortement subjectivé, non référé à l’équipe, permettant que l’attention des professionnel-le-s se porte sur l’enfant et non sur les relations au sein de l’équipe.
La séparation chez les couples corésidents de même sexe et de sexe différent
Authors: Marteau Benjamin
Published: January 2020

Les couples de même sexe s’inscrivent dans un schéma de diversification des situations conjugales et familiales en Europe. L’enquête Générations et genre (Generations and Gender Survey), utilisée ici pour six pays européens (Allemagne, Belgique, France, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Suède), permet d’analyser l’histoire conjugale des individus et le sexe des partenaires avec qui ils ont cohabité au cours de leur vie. Après avoir tenu compte des erreurs d’encodage du sexe inhérentes à ce type d’enquêtes, nous comparons les risques de rupture des couples formés d’un homme et d’une femme aux couples de personnes de même sexe, avec un modèle de Cox. Ces résultats montrent que les couples de même sexe présentent un risque brut plus élevé de connaître une séparation (2,4 ois) que les couples de sexe différent, mais qui se réduit lorsque les variables explicatives et de contrôle sont introduites dans les modèles. Le mariage et la présence d’enfants constituent deux éléments majeurs augmentant la longévité des couples de sexe différent, situations que les couples de même sexe connaissent moins fréquemment.
The Boundaries of Ethics – Art without Boundaries
Authors: Schinzel Hiltrud
Published: January 2020

L'échange interdisciplinaire de connaissances et les nouvelles techniques ainsi que les développements techniques et environnementaux généraux incitent à réviser la déontologie de la conservation. Les œuvres d'art contemporaines montrent l'état actuel d'une esthétique paradigmatique, documentée par quelques exemples et citations. Les apports des sciences humaines - les neurosciences en point de mire - sont sollicités concernant la perception de l'art par les différents protagonistes : artiste, conservateur, professeur/promoteur d'art et spectateur. Ceci démontre qu'il est pertinent de modifier la fonction de la conservation en fonction des conditions biologiques humaines, y compris les besoins fondamentaux de l'homme. Certains éléments d'actualité sont décrits de manière paradigmatique notamment les caractéristiques du matériau bois et de son utilisation artistique dans différents contextes culturels et temporels. Le bois - comme tout matériau des artefacts culturels - est un vecteur esthétique qui peut stimuler et favoriser la prise de conscience et l'empathie concernant la nature, comme aujourd'hui dans le cadre du changement climatique.
Entretien avec Richard Fournier : « Pour un rendu de la lumière fondé sur la physique »
Authors: Bonhomme Bérénice
Published: January 2020

Cet entretien avec Richard Fournier, professeur de physique, met en évidence la place des sciences dures dans les innovations technologiques participant de la transformation des métiers du cinéma, notamment lors de l’évolution numérique.
Le chef opérateur du son à l’ère du numérique : une profession face à de nouveaux enjeux techniques et esthétiques
Authors: Pierre Camille
Published: January 2020

Les professionnels de la prise de son n’ont pas tardé à adopter les outils d’enregistrement sonore numériques dès lors que ceux-ci se sont avérés suffisamment stables et fiables. S’ils se sont imposés avec facilité et sans trop de heurt, ils ont durablement bouleversé le métier de chef opérateur du son. Les rôles occupés par chacun au sein de la chaîne de fabrication du son ont dû évoluer pour s’adapter aux changements engendrés par le numérique tels que le transfert des données en un temps éclair, la possibilité de multiplier les pistes, etc. Nous nous concentrerons dans notre travail sur ce que certaines nouveautés générées par le numérique - la multiplication des HF et le silence numérique - ont produit comme changements pour le chef opérateur du son. Cela nous permettra d’entamer une réflexion autour des nouvelles problématiques techniques et esthétiques auxquelles fait face la profession.
Refined Performance Results on a Slowed Mach-Scaled Rotor at High Advance Ratios
Authors: Wang Xing , Trollinger Lauren , Chopra Inderjit
Published: January 2020

Owing to its ability to alleviate the compressibility effect on the advancing side, the slowed rotor operating at high advance ratios is a key feature in high-speed compound rotorcraft. A series of wind tunnel tests were conducted in the Glenn L. Martin Wind Tunnel with a four-bladed
Mach-scaled articulated rotor. The objective of the tests was to gain a basic understanding of unique features of high-advance-ratio aerodynamic phenomena, such as thrust reversal and dynamic stall in the reverse flow region. In this study, high-advance-ratio tests were carried out with highly
similar, noninstrumented blades and on-hub control angle measurements, to minimize possible error due to blade structural dissimilarity and pitch angle discrepancy. The tests were conducted at 900 and 1200 RPM, advance ratios of 0.3–0.9, and a shaft tilt study was conducted at±4°.
Pitch and flap motion at the blade roots, rotor performance, and vibratory hub loads were investigated during the test. The test data were then compared with those of previous tests and with predictions from comprehensive analysis. The airload results were investigated using comprehensive
analysis to gain insights into the influences of advance ratio and shaft tilt angle on rotor performance and hub vibratory loads. Results indicate that the thrust benefit from backward shaft tilt is dependent on the change in the inflow condition and the induced angle of attack increment,
and the reverse flow region at high advance ratios is the major contributor to changes in shaft torque and horizontal force.
Non-timber Forest Product and its Impacts on Livelihood in the Middle Hill: A Case of Lamjung district, Nepal
Authors: Rai Raj Kumar , Neupane Basanta Kumar , Sapkota Kanhaiya
Published: January 2020

Lamjung is highly rich in its vast and valuable Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) including different kinds of valuable medicinal and aromatic plants. Nepal is a mountainous country, where most of the people are depend on forest resources for their livelihood. Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFPs) plays a crucial role in the rural livelihood. NTFPs serve as a source for their primary health, nutrition, income generation, energy (fuel wood) and material for a social-cultural and religious ceremony. The research was carried out the specific objectives of identification availability NTFPs, Role of NTFP in local livelihood, prospects, and problems to develop NTFP in the study area. The study was carried out in Chiti, Jita and Taksar Village Development Committee (VDC) of Lamjung District. Primary data were collected through Focus Group Discussion, House Hold Survey, Key Informant Interview, use inventory sheet and direct field observation. Secondary data were collected from different DFO office, library, journals, published articles, reports, online reports etc. The quantitative data were analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools. The qualitative data were analyzed by descriptive measure and presented in forms of charts, figure and tables. There were 52 major NTFPs identified in the study area and all respondents have knowledge about NTFPs, but they are not involved to collect NTFP for commercial purpose. They use only household purposes such as firewood for energy, leaf litter for religious purpose, and wild food and fruits are used for domestic use. The main problems of the development of NTFPs people are gradually leaving use traditional knowledge about medicinal plants. Slowly they became dependent at modern product and most of the people are depending on remittance. NTFPs play a safety net role to assist communities in adverse situation such as crop failure under the current change in climate and variability. Most of the people have knowledge about value of NTFPs and traditional knowledge about medicinal herbs, but such a valuable knowledge regarding use value of NTFPs seems to be disappearing into the younger generations.
Evaluation of shear bond strength of amalgam restorations repaired with composite resin by different surface treatments
Authors: Cangül Suzan , Adıgüzel Özkan , Erpaçal Begüm , Ünal Mehmet , Acartürk Musa , Satıcı Ömer
Published: January 2020

Aim: Repairing amalgam restorations with composite resins is a clinical practice with many advantages. An effective adhesion is achieved between amalgam and composite by applied different surface treatment on amalgam surface. In this study, the effect of adhesive systems applied on amalgam surface on composite-amalgam connection was investigated.

Methodology: Standard cavities were opened in 70 acrylic molds that had completed their polymerization and amalgams were placed in these cavities. Seven groups were randomly assigned to different surface treatments on amalgam. In group 1 only roughening with diamond bur , in group 2 acid etch, in group 3 acid application after roughening with diamond bur, in group 4 roughening with diamond bur and silane, in group 5 acid etch and silane, in group 6 roughening with diamond bur and Alloy Primer and finally 7. acid etch and Alloy Primer was applied in the samples. After the application of clearfil universal bond to all groups, composite resins were placed and polymerized. Shear bond strengths were tested with a Universal testing machine. Obtained data were evaluated by one way ANOVA and Tukey B tests.

Results: In the statistical evaluation of the groups, the highest shear bond strength between amalgam-composite was seen in the 3rd group where both roughening with diamond bur and acid were applied together, and the lowest shear bond strength was seen in the first group with only roughening with diamond bur. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (p <0.05).

Conclusion: The roughening of the amalgam surface affects the shear bond strength between amalgam and composite resin. These results obtained in vitro conditions should be supported with clinical studies.

 

How to cite this article: Cangül S, Adıgüzel Ö, Erpaçal B, Ünal M, Acartürk M, Satıcı Ö. Evaluation of shear bond strength of amalgam restorations repaired with composite resin by different surface treatments. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):105-10.

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of remineralization preparations used in paediatric dentistry practices
Authors: Tatar Emine , Toptancı İsmet Rezani
Published: January 2020

Aim:  The goal of preventive dentistry is to intervene prior to the formation of dental caries. This study evaluated the remineralization effects of fluoride varnish, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphates (CPP-ACP) and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphates (CPP-ACFP) cream, and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) varnish.
Materials and Methodology: Samples with early artificial caries lesions were randomly divided into the following 5 groups with 20 samples in each group: (I) control, (II) fluoride varnish, (III) CPP-ACP cream, (IV) CPP-ACFP cream and (V) TCP varnish. The effectiveness of these remineralization agents was evaluated using a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
Results: In the pre- and post-treatment evaluations, the DIAGNOdent remineralization measurements were statistically significant in all the groups, except the control group (p < 0.05). In comparison with the DIAGNOdent measurements, the CPP-ACFP group was found to have significantly higher remineralization than the fluoride group (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found between the other groups (p > 0.05). The EDX analysis evaluated the Ca/P ratio between the groups. These results indicated that the CPP-ACFP group was significantly higher than the control group, the CPP-ACP group and the TCP group (p < 0.05); no significant differences were found between the CPP-ACFP group and the fluoride group (p > 0.05). In SEM imaging, the most extensive mineral accumulation was observed in the CPP-ACFP group.
Conclusion: Three analytical methods demonstrated that CPP-ACFP was the most effective remineralization material tested in this study.
 
How to cite this article: Tatar E, Toptancı İR. Evaluation of the effectiveness of remineralization preparations used in paediatric dentistry practices. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):138-44.
 
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Sotto voce: Inscription as Voiceover in Malick’s Days of Heaven
Authors: Rush Fred ,   Society for the Philosophic Study of the Contemporary Visual Arts
Published: January 2020

Terrence Malick’s widespread use of voiceover is generally noted, as is its nonstandard bearing. Malick’s use of voiceover is non-standard in virtue of its loose narrative fit. That too is often marked. Much less discussed is the philosophical basis for Malick’s voiceover, more specifically its ontological function in bounding the filmworld with intentionality. This paper addresses such ontological questions. It first develops a general schema for voiceover and Malick’s use of it in several of his films. Malick’s discovery of the potential for oblique forms of voiceover in Truffaut is treated. The discussion then focuses on the film Days of Heaven (1978) and, in particular, on an undiscussed and easy to miss visual riddle in one of the key scenes, involving the marriage of two of the principal characters. The riddle concerns an inscription in what for most viewers will be indecipherable symbols written on a backdrop formed by the side of a wagon. It turns out that the inscription is in Blackfoot syllabary and translates the opening of the Te Deum prayer. The paper argues that the inscription is best understood as a cousin to voiceover and, in particular, to Malick’s conception of voiceover. The inscription has, accordingly, an ontological and critical function in conjunction with the scene it accompanies. The paper concludes with remarks concerning The New World (2005), a Malick film that includes several prayers in voiceover and more comprehensively and resolutely represents the linguistic presence and expressiveness of Native Americans.
Real and Simulated Relationships in Spike Jonze’s Her
Authors: Robitzsch Jan Maximilian ,   Society for the Philosophic Study of the Contemporary Visual Arts
Published: January 2020

This paper is dedicated to Spike Jonze’s 2013 movie Her and reads the film as an exploration of whether traditional human-human relationships could be replaced by relationships between a human being, on the one hand, and an intelligent machine or robot or – more precisely – operating system (OS), on the other hand. It argues that the movie offers three different possible criteria for dismissing a relationship with an OS: (1) that an OS does not have a body, (2) that an OS is of superior intelligence, and (3) that a relationship with an OS is, in an important sense, not ‘real’ or ‘genuine.’ However, the paper concludes that Her ultimately leaves open whether any of these criteria are decisive; at the end of the movie, it is unclear whether the protagonists, the professional letter writer Theo (Joaquin Phoenix) and the OS Samantha (voice of Scarlett Johansson), have had a real relationship, prompting viewers to reflect more on the existential implications that may result from romantic relationships between computers and human beings.
Morals of Encounter in Steve Jobs
Authors: Barrowman Kyle ,   Society for the Philosophic Study of the Contemporary Visual Arts
Published: January 2020

In this article, the author argues for the probative value of ordinary language philosophy for the discipline of film studies by way of an analysis of the conversational protocols discernible in the film Steve Jobs (2015). In particular, the author focuses on the work of J.L. Austin, specifically his theory of speech acts and his formulation of the performative utterance, and Stanley Cavell, specifically his extension of Austinian speech act theory and his formulation of the passionate utterance, and analyzes the interactions between the titular character and his daughter through this unique Austinian/Cavellian lens. In so doing, the author endeavors to encourage more scholars in the field of film-philosophy to explore the key concepts and arguments in ordinary language philosophy for use in analyzing films. Despite its having been virtually ignored by film scholars over the last half century, one of many regrettable effects of the Continental bias of film scholars generally and film-philosophers specifically, the author contends that ordinary language philosophy provides powerful tools for the analysis of dialogue and communication in film, with Steve Jobs serving as a particularly insightful test case of the broad utility of ordinary language philosophy for film studies.
Social media and its intersections with free speech, freedom of information and privacy. An analysis
Authors: Segado-Boj Francisco , Díaz-Campo Jesús
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, there is a growing debate on the impact of social media on society, particularly on its potential negative effects. Therefore, this research is focused on three intersections of social media and fundamental freedoms: free speech, freedom of information and privacy. We begin analyzing social networking sites and social media role and evolution since their birth at the beginning of 21st century and remarking their positive aspects. Our objective is to identify malpractices related to social media and fundamental freedoms. A review of the literature is presented which outlines those malpractices. This review highlights some issues, such as arbitrary censorship, boundaries of free speech, misinformation, diversity of sources, visions and views, user content and privacy settings, and data profiling. Finally, we propose some solutions for each one of those issues.
De Twitter a Instagram: ¿Qué red social eligen las revistas de moda y belleza?
Authors: Gómez de Travesedo Rojas Ruth , Gil Ramírez Marta
Published: January 2020

En los últimos años las revistas de moda y belleza, aunque no han abandonado su edición impresa, no han podido quedarse al margen de la realidad actual: una sociedad altamente digitalizada, que acude con mucha frecuencia a Internet y en la que las redes sociales ganan cada día mayor protagonismo, sobre todo entre el público femenino más joven. Por este motivo, las propias revistas, ya en los años 90 del siglo pasado, lanzaron sus portales web y cuentan también con presencia en redes sociales con alcance global. Resulta lógico pensar que estas cabeceras presten más atención a redes sociales que dan mayor protagonismo a la imagen, como Instagram, Pinterest o YouTube, ya que su temática se centra en contenidos con un alto componente visual. De este modo, se analizarán, mediante el análisis de contenido, las redes sociales más empleadas, recogiendo información referida al número y tipo de redes utilizadas, nivel de visibilidad y exposición, así como nivel de interacción e involucración de sus seguidores. Los resultados muestran que, aunque la interacción e involucración de sus seguidores es mayor en redes visuales, las revistas aún no son conscientes de esta circunstancia y dedican sus mayores esfuerzos a redes textuales.
Periodismo computacional y ética
Authors: Díaz-Campo Jesus , Chaparro-Domínguez María-Ángeles
Published: January 2020

El denominado periodismo computacional está adquiriendo una importancia cada vez mayor en los medios de comunicación. Su irrupción supone la aparición de numerosos dilemas éticos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es determinar si el contenido de los códigos deontológicos de la profesión sirve como referencia válida. En concreto, el análisis se centra en América Latina. Se realiza un análisis de contenido de 18 códigos. Para ello se sigue una ficha metodológica creada a partir del trabajo de Dörr y Hollnbuchner (2017). Los resultados muestran una gran presencia de principios como el respecto por la privacidad, la adecuación a las normas legales, la objetividad o la autoría de los datos y los resultados. Por el contrario, un principio muy importante en el periodismo computacional como es el control y comprobación del software y de las técnicas empleadas no aparece reflejado en ninguno de los códigos. Se concluye que la antigüedad del código no es un factor determinante, salvo en algún caso como El Salvador.
Effects of Viscous Dissipation Parameter on Magneto-hydrodynamic Free Convective Flow through a Porous Media of Parallel Plates with a Non-uniform Heat Source for an Unsteady Case
Authors: Mburu Francis , Kerongo Joash , Koech Wesley
Published: January 2020

The magnetic hydrodynamic free convective flow past an infinite stretching porous sheet at constant density for electrically conducting fluid with viscous dissipation was numerically studied. The study revolved around an unsteady two-dimensional free convective laminar flow through a porous medium with the interaction of magnetic area standard to the stream. The graphs represented the effects of material parameters on the temperature and velocity profiles across the fluid boundary layer. The solutions of partial differential equations obtained numerically using an implicit finite difference method for various values of (nu), numbers (0.5 to 0.7) at a constant thermal conductivity (kappa=0.1). The velocity and temperature of MHD flow increased with an increase in viscous dissipation and vice versa.
Haematological Profile in the Oil Producing Localities of Imo State, South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Jibiri Nnamdi N. , Eke Benedict C.
Published: January 2020

Aim: To determine if oil exploration and production in Ohaji/Egbema and Oguta LGAs have resulted in carcinogenic effects for a specific lifetime from exposures since our secondary data have shown a high percentage of cancer cases from the two LGAs.

Study Design: This was a comparative study aimed at determining whether oil exploration and production in the selected LGAs had resulted in carcinogenic effects for a specific lifetime.

Place and Duration of Study: Ohaji/Egbema, Oguta, Mbaitoli and Onuimo LGAs, Imo State, Nigeria, between June 2014 and August 2018.

Methodology: Haematological estimations were carried out at Silver Press Laboratory, Owerri, Nigeria. The Neubauer counting chamber was used in red blood cell count after the addition of red blood cell diluting fluid. The Neubauer counting chamber was used in white blood cell count after the addition of Turk solution. The platelet was also counted using the Neubauer counting chamber. The differential white blood cells were counted manually after smearing the Leishman’s stained drop of blood onto a glass slide. Olympus CX21FS1 Binocular Microscope was used to examine all blood samples.

Results: The oil-producing LGAs recorded 89% clinically diagnosed leukaemic cases while the non-oil producing LGAs recorded 11% and all results correlated strongly (r = 0.997) with the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu Cancer Registry data.

Conclusion: Overall results have indicated a high level of contamination and exposure in the oil-producing localities.
Proximate Compositions and Bioactive Compounds of Cultivated and Wild Auricularia auricular from Northeastern China
Authors: Shan Hong , Dong Sun Xiang , Chun Yang Huan , Yuan Liu Fang , Wang Bing , Chai Li , Luan Jun
Published: January 2020

Auricularia auricular is a traditional Chinese edible and medicinal fungus containing several bioactive compounds that have been proven to possess various healing effects. Around 98% of the global yield is provided by China and Heilongjiang province produces more than 52% of the total yield for the country. Meanwhile, Auricularia auricular harvested in this province is very famous for its superior quality. However, chemical compositions and bioactive compounds of Auricularia auricular grown in this region have not yet been investigated.

Proximate compositions and bioactive compounds in 36 cultivated and wild Auricularia auricular samples collected from Northeastern China were compared and analyzed. The average contents of protein, fat, fiber, ash, moisture, polysaccharide, total saccharide, and total flavonoid were determined to be 11.42%, 1.46%, 5.45%, 3.85%, 13.30%, 38.91%, 47.37%, and 2.18 mg 100 g-1, respectively. Amino acid compositions and nutritive element contents were also detected. Results showed that no significant difference exists for protein, fat, fiber, ash, moisture, polysaccharide, and total saccharide contents between wild and cultivated A. auricular samples. While wild A. auricular samples contained over three times more content than cultivated samples. Some varieties with high calcium and iron contents were found in this study. White A. auricular was determined to have a very high fiber content of 16.39%.

This study reveals proximate compositions and bioactive compounds of cultivated and wild Auricularia auricular from Northeastern China and people will benefit from our results due to the special nutrition and bioactive compounds of Auricularia auricular harvested in this region.
A MOF Glass Membrane for Gas Separation
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Jin Hua , Ma Qiang , Mo Kai , Mao Haizhuo , Feldhoff Armin , Cao Xingzhong , Li Yanshuo , Pan Fusheng , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: January 2020

Metal–organic framework (MOF) glasses are promising candidates for membrane fabrication due to their significant porosity, the ease of processing, and most notably, the potential to eliminate the grain boundary that is unavoidable for polycrystalline MOF membranes. Herein, we developed a ZIF‐62 MOF glass membrane and exploited its intrinsic gas‐separation properties. The MOF glass membrane was fabricated by melt‐quenching treatment of an in situ solvothermally synthesized polycrystalline ZIF‐62 MOF membrane on a porous ceramic alumina support. The molten ZIF‐62 phase penetrated into the nanopores of the support and eliminated the formation of intercrystalline defects in the resultant glass membrane. The molecular sieving ability of the MOF membrane is remarkably enhanced via vitrification. The separation factors of the MOF glass membrane for H2/CH4, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 mixtures are 50.7, 34.5, and 36.6, respectively, far exceeding the Robeson upper bounds.
Single‐Site, Single‐Metal‐Atom, Heterogeneous Electrocatalyst: Metal–Organic‐Framework Supported Molybdenum Sulfide for Redox Mediator‐Assisted Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Noh Hyunho , Yang Ying , Zhang Xuan , Goetjen Timothy A. , Syed Zoha H. , Lu Zhiyong , Ahn Sol , Farha Omar K. , Hupp Joseph T.
Published: January 2020

Synthesis of single‐site catalysts, whereby the local structure and surrounding chemical environments are identical, has been challenging, particularly in heterogeneous catalysis, as the support often presents spectrum of chemically distinct binding sites. Yet, the above criteria are crucial in attributing the apparent catalytic performance to the structural motif. The presented work augments on our previous work using monometallic molybdenum sulfide tethered within a zirconium‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), NU‐1000; the monometallic nature enables all presented sites to be catalytically addressable. As the molybdenum sulfide species resided within two distinct pores (micro‐ and mesopores) of the MOF support, we have imparted uniformity in the local chemical environment by reducing the pore heterogeneity down to a single mesopore. Single‐site and single‐atom nature of the candidate catalyst was established via X‐ray diffraction measurements. Redox mediators were implemented, which, under reductive potentials, provide reduced species; they can effectively deliver the necessary reducing equivalences to the catalytic units that can otherwise not be addressed electrochemically due to the low electron mobility within the framework. Our results indicate the micropore‐allocated molybdenum sulfide is approximately four times more active as that in mesopores, whereas its catalytic mechanism is identical, underscoring the importance of controlling chemical environment beyond the active site.
Study on the movement characteristics of the overlying stratum and surrounding rock control in ultraclose coal seams: A case study
Authors: Zhu Liu , Yao Qiangling , Xia Ze , Wang Weinan , Li Xuehua
Published: January 2020

In Fucun Coal Mine, the average spacing between the 3upper coal seam (UCS) and 3lower coal seam (LCS) is only 6 m. In the process of mining upper coal, the lower roadway (LR), which is 60 m away from upper pillar, becomes unstable. In order to control the surrounding rock of lower roadway, a physical model experiment and a 3D numerical calculation were performed in this study. The results of physical similarity simulation experiment show that mining of longwall face in UCS will lead to fracturing of key layers at a high elevation (KLHE) far away from the coal seam. The expanded goaf area caused large‐scale fracturing and rotation of the KLHE, which resulted in significant strata pressure behavior in LR. The numerical calculation results show that the LR should be within 19 m of the coal pillar. Finally, a plan which includes a proper location and a supporting system was proposed. The feasibility of the proposed plan is verified by an industrial application.
Effect of Arctic clouds on the ice‐albedo feedback in midsummer
Authors: Choi Yong‐Sang , Hwang Jiwon , Ok Jung , Park Doo‐Sun R. , Su Hui , Jiang Jonathan H. , Huang Lei , Limpasuvan Ty
Published: January 2020

The Arctic clouds should be an important factor that affects the summertime sea ice. By reflecting the incoming solar radiation before it reaches the surface, the Arctic clouds may prevent the surface from absorbing tremendous solar radiation due to the reduced sea ice. This cloud effect will lead to intervene the feedback relation between the solar radiation and the sea ice change. However, few studies have quantitatively investigated the Arctic cloud effect on the ice‐albedo feedback. This study found that the Arctic clouds regulate the melting speed of sea ice in midsummer months (June to August) based on the data from multiple sources, that is, satellite, reanalysis, and climate models. During this period, the fraction of Arctic clouds with the net radiative cooling effect is almost invariable with sea ice reduction. However, despite of the steady cloud fraction in the midsummer months, the shortwave cloud radiative effect (total‐sky minus clear‐sky absorbed shortwave radiation) was found to significantly increase with the reduced sea ice concentration (0.64 W m−2%−1 in CERES, 0.73 W m−2%−1 in ERA5). This is because the clouds present more contrast of albedo with the sea ice‐free ocean than the sea ice‐covered ocean. Finally, our analyses show that the Arctic clouds are nearly halving the strength of the ice‐albedo feedback in the midsummer months. These results imply that the sea ice reduction could have been much faster in the past decades in the absence of the cloud effect found here.
The effects of forest thinning on understory diversity in China: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Xiankun , Li Yanan , Zhang Jing , Peng Shouzhang , Chen Yunming , Cao Yang
Published: January 2020

Forest management has been widely used to maintain and improve multiple ecosystem services. However, large‐scale synthesis of the effects of forest management on understory diversity, especially regarding the effects of thinning, has not been well represented in China. Therefore, we synthesized 146 peer‐reviewed publications and conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the response of understory diversity (species richness) and seven related variables to forest thinning in China. Overall, forest thinning significantly increased shrub diversity by 28% and herb diversity by 24%. Unthinned diversity and recovery time were the two most important drivers of understory diversity. When the unthinned diversity was low, a decline of understory species richness in managed stands could occur, which may be related to the size of the regional species pool. Rather than the recovery time of 1–2 years after forest thinning, the period of 3–5 years after thinning found the greatest diversity improvement. The northern arid and semiarid ecological domains observed the greatest diversity improvement, which may be due to the specific characteristics in this ecological domain. The coniferous forest was more favorable for understory improvement than in the broadleaved forest. Specific mechanisms on how disturbance (thinning intensity) affect understory diversity need to be further explored. No significant influences of stand stage or sampling quadrat area could be identified. Our study provides a synthetic review of the effects of forest thinning on understory diversity in China and may benefit forest management strategies. Future studies should address changes in compositional or functional diversity after thinning.
Characterization of the core microbiome in tobacco leaves during aging
Authors: Zhou Jiaxi , Yu Lifei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Xiaomin , Xue Yuan , Liu Jing , Zou Xiao
Published: January 2020

Microbiome plays an important role during the tobacco aging process which was an indispensable link in the production and processing of cigarettes. However, the structure and functions of microbiome have not been clarified during the tobacco aging process. In this study, 16S rDNA and ITS amplicon sequencing techniques were used to analyze the core microbiome of 15 tobacco samples from five different aging stages. The whole bacterial microbiome was classified into 29 microbial phyla and 132 orders. Enterobacteriales (63%), Pseudomonadales (16%), Sphingomonadales (8%), Xanthomonadales (4%), Burkholderiales (4%), Rhizobiales (3%), and Bacillales (2%) comprised the core bacterial microbiome. The whole fungal microbiome was classified into five microbial phyla and 52 orders. Incertae_sedis_Eurotiomycetes (27%), Wallemiales (25%), Sporidiobolales (17%), Capnodiales (5%), Eurotiales (2%), an unclassified Ascomycota (12%), and an unidentified Eurotiomycetes (4%) comprised the core fungal microbiome. FAPROTAX function prediction suggested that the core microbiome has a substantial potential for the carbon cycle, nitrate metabolism, aromatic compound degradation, chitinolysis, cellulolysis, and xylanolysis, but simultaneously, the core microbiome is also a source of human pathogens. The dynamics of the bacterial community were primarily determined by the total nitrogen in tobacco leaves during the aging process, while those of the fungal microbiome were primarily determined by total organic carbon. This study indicated that the core microbiome activities may play an important role in regulating the loss of carbon organic compounds and enhancing the secondary metabolites during tobacco leaves aging process.
Very Late‐Onset Niemann Pick Type C Disease: Example of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Look‐Alike Disorder
Authors: Kresojević Nikola , Mandić‐Stojmenović Gorana , Dobričić Valerija , Petrović Igor , Brajković Leposava , Stefanova Elka , Svetel Marina , Kostić Vladimir
Published: January 2020

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In vivo characterization of skeletal muscle function in nebulin‐deficient mice
Authors: Gineste Charlotte , Ogier Augustin C. , Varlet Isabelle , Hourani Zaynab , Bernard Monique , Granzier Henk , Bendahan David , Gondin Julien
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The conditional nebulin knockout mouse is a new model mimicking nemaline myopathy, a rare disease characterized by muscle weakness and rods within muscle fibers. We investigated the impact of nebulin (NEB) deficiency on muscle function in vivo.

Methods

Conditional nebulin knockout mice and control littermates were studied at 10 to 12 months. Muscle function (force and fatigue) and anatomy (muscles volume and fat content) were measured in vivo. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition and nebulin (NEB) protein expression were assessed by protein electrophoresis.

Results

Conditional nebulin knockout mice displayed a lower NEB level (−90%) leading to a 40% and 45% reduction in specific maximal force production and muscles volume, respectively. Nebulin deficiency was also associated with higher resistance to fatigue and increased MHC I content.

Discussion

Adult nebulin‐deficient mice displayed severe muscle atrophy and weakness in vivo related to a low NEB content but an improved fatigue resistance due to a slower contractile phenotype.
Rural Trauma Team Development Course Instills Confidence in Critical Access Hospitals
Authors: Bauman Zachary M. , Loftus John , Hodson Alex , Farrens Ashley , Shostrom Valerie , Summers Jessica , Phillips Paige E. , Evans Charity H. , Schlitzkus Lisa L.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The American College of Surgeons’ Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC) was designed to help rural hospitals optimize a team approach to trauma management recognizing the need for early transfer. Little literature exists on the success of RTTDC achieving its objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of RTTDC on rural trauma team members.

Methods

RTTDC was hosted at seven rural hospitals. A pre‐course 30‐question Likert survey gauging confidence managing trauma patients was administered to participants. Four weeks following, participants received a post‐course survey with corresponding Likert questions and 11 trauma knowledge‐based questions. Chi‐square, Fisher's exact tests and general linear models were utilized. Statistical significance is set as p < 0.05.

Results

111 participants completed the pre‐course survey; 53 (48%) completed the post‐course survey. Results presented on a 5‐point Likert scale with 1 = “not at all comfortable” to 5 = “extremely comfortable.” Participants knowing their role in the trauma team improved by 16% (p = 0.02). Familiarity with the roles of other trauma team members was significantly improved (3.4 vs. 4.15; p < 0.01). Participants comfort with resuscitating trauma patients and managing traumatic brain injury significantly improved (3.29 vs. 3.69; p = 0.01 and 2.62 vs. 3.14; p = 0.004, respectively). Comfortability communicating with the regional trauma center improved significantly (3.64 vs. 4.19; p = 0.004). Participant decision to transfer trauma patients within 15 min of arrival improved by 3.2%. Participants answered 82% of the knowledge‐based questions correctly.

Conclusion

RTTDC instills confidence in providers at rural hospitals. The information taught is well retained, allowing for quality care and timely patient transfer to the nearest trauma center.