bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REFLETINDO SOBRE O CUIDADO ODONTOLÓGICO E A RESPONSABILIDADE PARA COM A VIDA E O VIVER MAIS SAUDÁVEL DAS PESSOAS IDOSAS
Authors: Mello Ana Lúcia Schaefer Ferreira de , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: July 2016

The article presents a reflection about some questions that are involved with oral health care provided to elderly people according to the ethic of responsability of Hans Jonas. Considering the oral health conditions of elderly people, the article discuss the dimensions of care and reflects if the knowledge and practices of oral health care are compromised with an ethics of responsibility of life and with a better and healthy living.
The Contribution of Emotional Intelligence and Achievement Motivation on Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Taiefeh Ghahremani Maryam , Ostovar Zohreh
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was contribution of Emotional intelligence and achievement motivation on psychological well-being of students in the Shahr-e-Qods University. The statistical population of this study included all the students of University from 2015 to 2016. A sample of 200 students has been selected through cluster sampling. These students responded to a set of questionnaires included emotional intelligence (EI), achievement motivation, and psychological well-being. Hierarchical regression analyses conducted for each dependent variable showed that emotional intelligence and achievement motivation could be considered as important indicators of psychological well-being (p<0.01).The results indicated that achievement motivation can predict psychological well-being, and among emotional intelligence components, self-control and self-awareness can predict psychological well-being. As the results indicated, growth and promotion of the emotional intelligence can be considered as methods for improving students' psychological well-being. This can be promoted and revolted through a rich Educational Environment, so it is recommended to teach emotional intelligence skills to students with low psychological well-being through training workshops.
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Samimi Mansoureh , Foroozanfard Fatemeh , Amini Farzaneh , Sehat Mojtaba
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Recurrent spontaneous abortion is a serious problem in pregnancy, which affects between 2 and 5% of women of reproductive age. This study was designed to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the occurrence of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA).

METHODS: A double-blind randomized and controlled clinical trial was performed on 80 patients with URSA. They were treated with vaginal progesterone (400 IU/day) after confirmation of pregnancy and received vitamin D and placebo in two intervention (n=40) and control groups (n=40), respectively. The incidence of abortion and the serum levels of IL-23 were examined within 20 weeks of gestation.

RESULTS: The levels of vitamin D3 prior to the start of the study were equal to 11.65±3.76 ng/ml and 11.53±2.39 ng/ml (p=0.86) in the intervention and control groups, respectively, which were decreased to 13.21±3.47 ng/ml and 11.08±2.76 ng/ml (p=0.004) at the end of the study, when the mean serum levels of IL-23 were equal to 18.4±3.78 pg/ml and 23.16±4.74 pg/ml in the two groups (p <0.004). The frequency of abortion in the control and intervention groups was equal to 5 (12.8%) and 13 (34.2%), respectively (p=0.03, OR=3.53, 95% CI= 1.12-11.2).

CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D3 leads to decreased serum levels of IL-23 and incidence of abortion among women with URSA.
The Effect of English Passive Voice Learning on the Use of “Bei” Structure: An Empirical Study
Authors: Cao Min
Published: July 2016

This paper conducts an empirical investigation among English foreign language (EFL) learners at a university in China, mainly on their understanding of the passive voice in their native language to verify the existence of backward transfer in their first language (L1) environment and how backward transfer may relate to the learners’ proficiency of second language (L2) English and L1 Chinese in the sentence translation task (STT) and discourse task (DT) of Chinese paragraph writing. The study shows that backward transfer does exist at STT or sentence level in L1 environment. Additionally, the Chinese participants at intermediate English proficiency level are likely to experience backward transfer from L2 English to L1 Chinese. Moreover, for EFL learners at the lower and top English proficiency level no obvious signs of backward transfer shown at the sentence level. And all of the EFL participants have not been influenced by L2 English in the Chinese discourse task. The results of this study convey the complexity of backward transfer and its interactions with L1 and L2 proficiency and different tasks.
Language Curriculum Planning for the Third Millennium: A Future Perspective
Authors: Maftoon Parviz , Taie Masumeh
Published: July 2016

The evolution of language knowledge continues, as does the inquisitive nature of human beings. But the explosive growth of knowledge in the third millennium seems to herald a new era in language teaching. Deepened insights into philosophy have betrayed the poverty of structuralism to account for language learning. The shift from structuralism to poststructuralism has brought about inevitable, though controversial, trends, e.g., the World Englishes and standards movements. Media proliferation of the “mass-age” (McLuhan & Fiore, 2001) of the globalized era has led to a context where appealing terms such as computer-assisted and Internet-assisted language teaching might get blurred sooner in view of more sophisticated advances. Could the future witness virtual reality or expert systems-based language teaching? Language curriculum development in the third millennium should accommodate a recognition of the interdisciplinary knowledge and dynamicity and multimodality of concepts. Starting with the educational philosophy and moving on to related topics, this paper aims at envisaging the putative future of language curriculum development. Each topic in this article has been investigated followed by its effects on its succeeding topic attempting to provide a coherent framework. Glocalization has been introduced as the lost piece of puzzle linking topics coherently.
Self- and Other-Repairs in Child-Adult Interaction: A Case Study of a Pair of Persian-Speaking Twins
Authors: Ziglari Leily , Ozfidan Burhan , Dixon Quentin
Published: July 2016

Twenty-five years ago, Schegloff (1989) proposed that repair is the most crucial factor in understanding the nature of language development. By observing and examining the repairs children make, not only can we understand repair organization, but also children language development and cognitive stage. Research in syntactic structure of repair, self-initiated self-repair (SISR) or other-repair have gained enough attention in recent years through the works of Forrester (2008), Radford (2008), and Morgenstern, Leroy, & Caef (2013). Some studies analyzed both self-repair and other-repair (Morgenstern et al., 2013; Salonen & Laakso, 2009; Forrester, 2008), whereas a few other studies analyzed only other-repairs from the perspective of parents (Huang, 2011). There are many studies done regarding the incidence of self-repair over other-repair (Schegloff et al., 1977); the relationship between repair and turn (Schegloff, 1988); corrective feedback (Laakso & Soininen, 2010); other-repetition (Huang, 2011); and adult’s self-repair (Laakso & Sorjonen, 2010). However, there is some inconsistency in their findings. The data for this study comprised four video-recorded adult-child interactions at a children’s home in various interactional activities (role-play, short story, or watching cartoons. The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of self- and other-repairs in the language acquisition process of Persian children and to investigate if there is a relationship between child’s self-repair and adult’s other-repair.
A GESTÃO PARTICIPATIVA E A EDUCAÇÃO INTERTRANSCULTURAL
Authors: Caetano Ana Angélica De Oliveira Ferreira , Corrêa Carla Patrícia Quintanilha
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho aborda a importância da gestão participativa como pré-requisito para o desenvolvimento de uma educação intertranscultural. Inicialmente propõe uma análise acerca da evolução dos estudos culturais no campo educacional, procurando delimitar teoricamente alguns conceitos relevantes como: multiculturalismo, interculturalismo,  transculturalismo e, sobretudo, intertransculturalismo. Em seguida, discute a relação entre a realização da intertransculturalidade e a prática da gestão democrática e participativa, no contexto do projeto de escola cidadã. Por fim, aborda o planejamento participativo e, consequentemente, o projeto político-pedagógico como mecanismos de promoção de uma educação intertranscultural e da formação de cidadãos conscientes, críticos e participativos.
Spise reprise. Historiebrug i Brd. Prices madprogrammer
Authors: Nyvang Caroline , Leer Jonathan
Published: July 2016

Fortiden spiller i disse år en central rolle i den danske madkultur. Med denne artikel argumenterer vi for, at denne tendens kan undersøges som et udtryk for banal historiebrug. Artiklen bruger tv-programmet Spise med Price som konkret eksempel i en analyse af, hvad det er i samtiden, der er med til at reaktualisere fortidige madlavningspraksisser. Formålet med artiklen er således dels at undersøge, hvad der er på spil, når gamle madlavningspraksisser vækkes til live, dels at udvide den eksisterende forskning i historiebrug med et madkulturelt perspektiv.
Estudo macroscópico da vascularização do estômago de coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Nova Zelândia: divisão em quadrantes
Authors: Martins Siston Nathasha , Dos Santos Sousa Carlos Augusto , Salvador Gomes Marcelo , Da Silva Alonso Luciano , Abidu-Figueiredo Marcelo
Published: July 2016

Variações na origem da artéria celíaca em coelhos são bem conhecidas, porém informações sobre o comportamento dos vasos originados a partir desta artéria na superfície do estômago, bem como o arranjo vascular ainda são escassas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as ramificações da artéria gástrica esquerda na superfície do estômago, fornecendo subsídios para a prática cirúrgica experimental. Neste estudo foram utilizados 30 espécimes de coelhos adultos da raça Nova Zelândia, sendo 15 fêmeas e 15 machos, para a verificação dos ramos que partem da artéria celíaca em direção ao estômago e a análise da distribuição dos vasos responsáveis pelo suprimento sanguíneo desse órgão a partir da chegada em sua parede, através da quantificação macroscópica dos vasos em cada quadrante. Foi considerado neste trabalho o ramo visceral e parietal da artéria gástrica esquerda como sendo vasos de 1ª ordem, por ser a primeira ramificação a partir do vaso principal analisado. As demais ramificações foram consideradas como sendo de 2ª e 3ª ordem, respeitando-se desta maneira a relação com o vaso principal. A fixação dos cadáveres foi feita com solução de formol a 10% através de injeção vascular na aorta. Em seguida, foi injetada a solução de petrolatex corado para preenchimento de todo o sistema arterial.A artéria celíaca emitiu a artéria gástrica esquerda e a artéria lienal, responsáveis pela vascularização do estômago.Existe diferença no número de vasos de 1ª, 2ª, e 3ª ordem nos 4 quadrantes do estômago de machos. Nas fêmeas, entretanto, essa diferença só foi observada nos vasos de 1ª e 2ª ordem. Em relação aos vasos de 2ª ordem,as fêmeas possuem número maior de vasos no quadrante pilórico visceral quando comparado aos machos.
The use of tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage in the clinical examination of coughing horses
Authors: Pepicelli de Almeida Sandra Regina , Coatti Rocha Daniel Carlos , Asinelli Macedo Lopes Anna Carolina , Villanova Junior José Ademar , Michelotto Junior Pedro Vicente
Published: July 2016

Our hypothesis is that coughing horses have airway inflammation. Fifty horses – 36 coughing (Co Group)and 14 control (C Group) – of different gender, age, and function were evaluated. Physical and endoscopicexaminations, and cytological analyses of tracheal wash (TW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids wereundertaken. Higher grades of tracheal mucus were observed in coughing horses. TW fluid neutrophil countwas higher (46.4% ± 30.8% vs. 19.5% ± 22.9%, p=0.003) in the Co group than the C group. In BAL fluid,neutrophil count was higher in the Co group than in the C group (30.3% ± 27.3% vs. 5.0% ± 4.2%, p=0.001,respectively). BAL fluid cytological profile compatible with inflammatory airway disease (IAD), recurrentairway obstruction (RAO), and normal were evidenced in 14 (38.9%), 17 (47.2%), and 5 (13.9%) of theevaluated coughing horses. IAD was diagnosed in 6 horses of the C group. Cough is a clinical sign of airwayinflammation in horses.
Granulosa cells tumor in mules
Authors: Miguez González Suellen , Bizarro da Silva Camila , Zandonadi Machado Fernanda , Romero Gonçalves Gustavo , Silva-Santos Katia Cristina , Marcondes Seneda Marcelo
Published: July 2016

Due to the current understanding of infertility and absence of ovarian activity in the female mule, scientificmaterial regarding their reproductive tract is lacking. Information regarding evaluation of the reproductivesystem, as well as diagnoses of ovarian neoplasms, is scarce for female mules. The purpose of this paperis to report the first case of granulosa cell tumor (GCT) in a female mule, characterized through histology,which suggests evidence of cyclicity. During the breeding season, within the Southern hemisphere, mules’ovaries were obtained from slaughterhouses. Notably, a pair ovarian rated was remarkable in size (16.5cm in diameter), weight (1.92 kg) as well as number of antral follicles. On sagittal section, the tissue wastrabecular and fluid filled. Histology revealed irregular cyst formations full of amphophilic fluid ranging incolor from pinkish to purple. The granulosa cells showed up in abnormal histology, featuring a granulosacell tumor. The contralateral ovary was evaluated, demonstrating anatomy, weight and granulosa cellsfrom normal. Therefore, we have described the first granulosa cells tumor report in a mule via gross andhistological features, which suggests evidence of cyclicity in female mules.
Efeito do prolongamento do ciclo produtivo de poedeiras semipesadas sobre a qualidade de ovos frescos e armazenados
Authors: Yin Nak So , Lima Calixto Lígia Fátima , Jorge de Lemos Marina , Melgaço Heluy Guilherme
Published: July 2016

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do prolongamento do ciclo produtivo de poedeiras semipesadas de92 até 120 semanas de idade sobre a qualidade de ovos frescos e armazenados em diferentes temperaturas. Foramanalisados 405 ovos em relação ao peso do ovo, unidade Haugh, índice e percentagem de gema e espessura dacasca. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 8x2x2, sendo oito idades (92, 96, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116 e 120 semanas de idade), duas temperaturas de armazenamento (ambiente e refrigeração)e dois tempos de armazenamento (zero e 10 dias). Peso dos ovos, unidade Haugh, percentagem de gema e espessura da casca foram influenciados pelo prolongamento do ciclo produtivo da poedeira semipesada. Tanto o tempo quanto a temperatura de armazenamento influenciaram a qualidade dos ovos. O armazenamento por 10 dias em temperatura ambiente diminuiu o peso dos ovos. Ovos produzidos por aves que tiveram o período produtivo prolongado e que foram armazenados por 10 dias em temperatura ambiente apresentaram as piores médias para unidade Haugh, índice de gema e percentagem de gema. Conclui-se que o prolongamento do ciclo produtivo de poedeiras semipesadas promove diminuição na qualidade da casca e na qualidade interna dos ovos. Ovos mantidos sob refrigeração durante o armazenamento, independentemente da idade da ave, apresentam melhor qualidade interna. O aumento do tempo de armazenamento acentua a perda de peso e a redução da qualidade interna dos ovos.
Efeito do manejo de cortes sucessivos sobre a produção e qualidade de grãos de trigo duplo propósito
Authors: Carletto Rodolfo , Neumann Mikael , Mattos Leão Guilherme Fernando , Horst Egon Henrique , Askel Eloize Jaqueline
Published: July 2016

O trigo (Triticum aestivum) apresenta grande potencial tanto para a produção de forragem quanto para a produçãode grãos. Desta forma, o objetivo, com o desenvolvimento do trabalho, foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade final degrãos do trigo de duplo propósito cv. BRS Umbu manejado sob diferentes sistemas de corte, sendo: T1 – sem corte(testemunha), T2 – um corte e T3 – dois cortes. A produção de fitomassa verde foi influenciada pelo manejo decortes sendo o tratamento de dois cortes o responsável pelo menor valor (4.726 kg ha-1). A produção de fitomassaseca, produção total de palha e produção de grãos sofreu efeito negativo com os cortes sucessivos, sendo o tratamentosem corte o responsável pelas maiores médias (13.096 kg ha-1, 7.860 kg ha-1 e 5.236 kg ha-1, respectivamente).Na avaliação de desempenho agronômico dos grãos, para todas as avaliações foi observado superioridadenas médias (P<0,05) para o tratamento sem cortes, inclusive para o peso hectolitro e o peso de mil grãos. Já nacomposição bromatológica dos grãos ficou evidente que o manejo de cortes influenciou apenas as médias de matériamineral, ficando o tratamento sem corte com a média de 0,66 % na MS, um corte com média de 0,93% na MSe dois cortes com a média de 1,12 % na MS. Neste contexto, não se recomenda o manejo de mais do que um cortesucessivo para o trigo cv. BRS Umbu.
Qualidade de ovos convencionais e alternativos comercializados na região de Seropédica (RJ)
Authors: Da Silva Filho Carlos Alberto , Lima Calixto Lígia Fátima , Jorge de Lemos Marina , Leite Reis Túlio , Bellas Romariz de Macedo Karine
Published: July 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de ovos produzidos em sistemas convencionais e alternativos comercializados nomunicípio de Seropédica (RJ). As variáveis analisadas foram: peso do ovo, unidade Haugh, pH da gema e albúmen,índice de gema, pigmentação da gema e espessura da casca. Utilizou-se 790 ovos, dos quais 395 eram provenientesde poedeiras leves produzidas em granjas comerciais e adquiridos em supermercados do município e 395 ovos provenientes de galinhas criadas em sistemas alternativos e adquiridos em feiras realizadas semanalmente no município,em avaliações quinzenais de 24 ovos por tratamento. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva, com cálculo da frequênciade cada não conformidade, via média aritmética. Como resultado, 48,2% dos ovos convencionais pesaram emmédia 60-65 gramas, sendo classificados como extra, já a maioria dos ovos alternativos analisados (34,7%), pesouentre 55 e 50 gramas, sendo classificada como grande. A Unidade Haugh da maior parte dos ovos convencionaisavaliados (48,3%) apresentou valores entre 60 e 72 (boa), enquanto que resultados ainda melhores foram observadosnos ovos alternativos, onde 59,8% apresentaram valores acima de 72. Em relação ao índice de gema, ambosos tipos de ovos se apresentaram dentro do padrão recomendado para ovos frescos (55,9 % ovos convencionais e54,9% dos ovos alternativos). A pigmentação da gema apresentou intensidade de 5 e 6 em 81,3 % dos ovos convencionais e de 7 para 56,9 % dos ovos alternativos. Os valores de pH tanto da gema, quanto do albúmen de ambos ostipos de ovos encontravam-se dentro dos padrões de qualidade esperados para ovos frescos. A qualidade externa,medida nesse estudo pela espessura da casca, foi considerada boa para 52,8 % dos ovos convencionais e 60,3% dos ovos alternativos. Baseado nos resultados obtidos, a grande maioria dos ovos convencionais e alternativos comercializados no município de Seropédica apresentou padrão de qualidade dentro do esperado para ovos frescos.
The puerperium in dairy cows: ovarian activity, uterine involution and follicular dynamics
Authors: Dos Santos Breda José Carlos , Ernandes Kozicki Luiz
Published: July 2016

The study of ovarian follicular dynamics (OFD) and other changes in the bovine reproductive tract has developedsignificantly over the past two decades, primarily due to the use of non-invasive investigative approaches suchas ultrasound. Advances in ultrasound examinations have provided a better understanding of ovarian activity,uterine involution, oviducts status, and other segments of the reproductive tract in the bovine postpartumperiod. Procedures including tracking of the reproductive tract have likewise aided in the development of newmethodologies and techniques to improve reproductive performance in cattle. The aim of this review was tosummarize knowledge regarding the reproductive tract in dairy cows during the postpartum period.
Um diário de notas rasgado em pedaços: indisciplina e condutas de risco na escola
Authors: Siqueira da Rocha Julia , Ribeiro Valle Ione , Ribeiro Santos Tiago
Published: July 2016

O artigo apresenta a descrição e a análise de uma situação escolar relativa à indisciplina. O mesmo, para tanto, faz uma análise de caso mobilizando um referencial sociológico que procura apreender a indisciplina, não somente como forma de transgressão à norma, mas como um valor que traciona condutas de riscos da parte do alunado. O contrário da apatia e do ânimo morno, as condutas de risco colocam acento sobre experiências em que os indivíduos se mostram mais dispostos a lançar o seu próprio corpo a se colocarem enfim em risco, perigo – em nome de um processo identitário constituído contra a escola, ainda que permaneçam em meio a ela. Problematiza-se também a ideia de justiça social operada pela escola quando a indisciplina pertence ao seu meio.
Da Grande Saúde. A Transvaloração Nietzschiana do Conceito de Saúde
Authors: Faustino Marta
Published: July 2016

Saúde e doença são categorias fundamentais no pensamento de Nietzsche. Elas premeiam toda a sua obra e intermedeiam muitas das suas teses principais. Mais que isso, aquilo a que Nietzsche chamou “grande saúde” parece desempenhar um papel decisivo na sua tarefa de superação do niilismo e reabilitação da cultura ocidental. O presente artigo pretende elucidar a noção nietzschiana de “grande saúde” a partir de uma análise conceptual daquilo a que chamamos a transvaloração nietzschiana do conceito de saúde. Analisaremos a noção nietzschiana no contraste com a definição oficial de saúde, operante não só na medicina, mas também em outras práticas terapêuticas, como as filosófico-morais da Antiguidade ou as religiosas, como o cristianismo. Sendo manifesta a prevalência e relevância do conceito no pensamento de Nietzsche, procuraremos ainda determinar o seu critério para a aferição de saúde ou doença na ausência de uma definição universal alternativa. Por último, avaliaremos o conteúdo conceptual específico da noção de “grande saúde”, no contraste e/ ou continuidade com a sua concepção de saúde.
Pro-innovation restructuring strategy: case study of a multipurpose public organization in health
Authors: Cavalheiro Silva Patrícia Santos , Filgueiras Jorge Marcos , Cantisano dos Santos e Silva Riscado Terra Branca Regina , De Abreu Soares Jorge , Neves dos Santos João Alberto , Jorge Marcelino José
Published: July 2016

The aim of this article is to measure the effect on performance, of the innovation in the organizational structure of the laboratories for clinical research associated with healthcare in infectious diseases of the Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI) at Fiocruz in 2007, na effect herein identified as representative of the corporate intangible assets resulting from such restructuring strategy. The method consists, first, in the analysis of the literature about the measurement of intangible assets and organizational innovation, the potential effects of organizationï¿½s structure in performance, and the assessment of multipurpose public organizations in health, as sources of the basic notion on relations between intangible assets, organizational structure and performance which is used in this research. Next, the empirical research involves: (a) characterizing the change in organizational structure of 8 INI laboratories; (b) quantifying variables on the use of consumer goods and specialized personnel and on the production of teaching, research and health care; (c) calculating indicators about the development of relative technical efficiency of INI laboratories in the period 2002-2014, through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); and (d) using these indicators to compare the performance of these laboratories before and after the organizational innovation associated with the adoption of the Innovative Structure in their restructuring. As a contribution to knowledge, opens up prospects of collaborative research in Administration, Accounting and Economics for the development of a metric for organizational innovation. As management contribution, confirms the association between restructuring of INI laboratories as Innovative Organizations and their improvement in performance. Although the case study method imposes limitations to the generalizability of these results, mainly because there are no sufficient multipurpose organizations that use this methodology in performance assessment, it brings evidence on the potential benefit of the entrepreneurial-oriented innovation for the expansion and improvement of multipurpose public organizations.
Strategies for family business professionalization in the gastronomic field
Authors: Xavier Kuss Madelon , Wernecke Fumagalli Luis André
Published: July 2016

In a market highly competitive and fast-moving, professionalization has become a sine qua non for the survival of the business. To stand out among thousands of businesses, family firms need to implement processes and add tools that have been applied for a long time in large and multinational corporations. The central idea of this study is to expose the reality of a family company, its strengths and challenges to maintain a healthy relationship between the members and the business, as well as the acceptance of implementation strategies in the succession process. Although sometimes the circumstances may seem difficult, there is always time to change. As regards the methodology, the research was exploratory and the procedure adopted was the case study conducting a qualitative research.
Feminismo, subjetividades e pluralismo: crítica teológica feminista e os desafios da realidade social latino-americana
Authors: Ribeiro Claudio De Oliveira
Published: July 2016

A pesquisa que ora realizamos está baseada em um fio condutor com três desafios de análise que a realidade atual apresenta para o contexto teológico latino-americano. Nessa etapa, apresentamos a crítica teológica feminista, em especial os questionamentos quanto aos reducionismos e incongruências que surgiram ao longo do processo latino-americano. Diante das mudanças sociais e com a intensificação da pluralidadee da complexidade da realidade social, ao menos três necessidades requerem acuidade nas análises. A primeira enfatiza a necessidade de alargamento metodológico para uma compreensão mais apurada da complexidade social, que possa fugir das explicações e formulações dicotômicas e bipolares. A segunda reside em uma articulação mais adequada entre a racionalidade que marca a reflexão teológica latino--americana com as dimensões da subjetividade humana que emergem fortemente na atualidade, o que requer formas novas, gratuitas e mais autênticas de espiritualidade. A terceira está em torno de um aprofundamento das questões que emergem da valorização do pluralismo religioso e como tal positivação incide no fortalecimento da democracia, das práticas ecumênicas e de cunho libertador e da defesa dos direitos humanos e da terra. Metodologicamente, optamos pela articulação em síntese da contribuição teológica de pensadoras como Ivone Gebara e Elsa Tamez, em especial as reflexões em torno das temáticas relativas à espiritualidade, às questões de gênero e à busca de lógicas inclusivas e de justiça social.
Quantification of coral sperm collected during a synchronous spawning event
Authors: Teo Aaron , Guest James R. , Neo Mei Lin , Vicentuan Kareen , Todd Peter A.
Published: July 2016

Most studies of coral reproductive biology to date have focused on oocyte numbers and sizes. Only one (ex situ) study has enumerated sperm numbers, even though these data have multiple potential applications. We quantified total coral sperm and eggs per gamete bundle collected from six speciesin situduring a synchronous spawning event in Singapore. Egg-sperm bundles were captured midwater as they floated towards the surface after being released by the colony. For each sample, a semi-transparent soft plastic bottle was squeezed and released to create a small suction force that was used to ‘catch’ the bundles. This technique provided several advantages over traditional methods, including low cost, ease of use, no diving prior to the night of collection needed, and the ability to target specific areas of the colony. The six species sampled wereEchinophyllia aspera,Favites abdita,F. chinensis,Merulina ampliata, M. scabriculaandPlatygyra pini. The mean number of sperm packaged within one egg-sperm bundle ranged from 2.04 × 106to 1.93 × 107. The mean number of eggs per egg-sperm bundle ranged from 26.67 (SE ± 3.27) to 85.33 (SE ± 17.79). These data are critical for fertilisation success models, but the collection technique described could also be applied to studies requiringin situspawning data at the polyp level.
A ação das cooperativas agropecuárias na modernização da agricultura no estado do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Fajardo Sergio
Published: July 2016

O presente trabalho aborda a participação das cooperativas agropecuárias no processo de modernização da agricultura no estado do Paraná, sobretudo, no período que vai do final da década de 1960 até o início dos anos 1980. Com apoio do Estado, essas “entidades empresas” atuaram fortemente na inserção de novas tecnologias, impostas por um mercado, globalmente orquestrado, em que a lógica industrial passou a predominar no campo.
Pathology of Gray Wolf Shoulders: Lessons in Species and Aging
Authors: Lawler Dennis , Becker Julia , Reetz Jennifer , Goodmann Pat , Evans Richard , Rubin David , Tangredi Basil , Widga Christopher , Sackman Jill , Martin Terrence , Kohn Luci , Smith Gail
Published: July 2016

We examined scapula glenoids (n = 14) and proximal articular humeri (n = 14) of seven gray wolves that were maintained in a sanctuary park setting. Immediately after death, observations were made visuallyin situand by radiography. Further observations were made in a museum laboratory setting, prior to and following clearing of soft tissues. Selected dry bone specimens were evaluated using computed tomography. Significant cartilage erosion and osteoarthropathy were identified in all shoulder joints. No single evaluation method yielded maximal information. Plain film radiography revealed only more severe changes. Computed tomography yielded more detail and clarity than standard radiography. Direct examination of articular cartilage informed about joint soft tissue, and dry bone informed about externally visible bone pathology. These data provide a basis for biological, biomedical, ecological, and archaeological scientists to improve retrospective interpretations of bone lesions. They further support developing plausible differential diagnoses for features of ancient and modern animal bones. We noted a dog‐like capacity for wolf longevity in a non‐free‐roaming environment. However, aged wolves' life spans far exceeded those of similar‐sized domestic dogs and breeds, suggesting the possibility of an important species difference that should be explored. We suggest also a hypothesis that the driving force for joint pathology in sheltered non‐domestic species may relate significantly to achieving the longevity that is possible biologically, but is uncommon in the wild because of differential stochastic influences. Anat Rec, 299:1338–1347, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Symmetrical Bis(5‐substituted oxadiazolyl/thiadiazolyl/triazolylmethyl)sulfones
Authors: Adivireddy Padmaja , Devanaboina Pedamalakondaiah , Gopala Lavanya , Chittoor Rajasekhar
Published: July 2016

A new class of bis(oxadiazolyl/thiadiazolyl/triazolylmethyl)sulfones were prepared by the cyclocondensation of sulfonyldiacetic acid with aryl acid hydrazide and arylmethanesulfonylacetic acid hydrazide.
Evaluation of C18 monolithic columns for radiochemical purity measurement
Authors: Schenk David J. , Welch Christopher J. , Antonucci Vincent
Published: July 2016

Speeding the analysis of reaction aliquots, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions and final products continue to be an area of great interest in the study of radiopharmaceuticals. Translating recently developed rapid HPLC and ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis approaches to radio‐HPLC can sometimes be fraught with peril, owing to specific peculiarities of online radiochemical chromatographic detection (notably, a proportionally large system volume for the radio‐HPLC detector). In this study, we investigate an alternate approach for rapid radio‐HPLC analysis where a 150‐cm C18 monolithic column is used with a 15‐min run time. To ascertain this method's ability to distinguish between radiolabeled compounds with acceptable (≥97%) and unacceptable purity, the results were compared with results from a conventional HPLC 45‐min method using a 25‐cm C18 column, where a large radiodetector cell volume is of lower impact. Overall, for the 54 radiolabeled compounds assayed by the two methods, there were similar measured radiochemical purities, but cases were also found where there were significantly large differences between the results (>1%). A calculated confidence of ~85% was found for the 15‐min monolithic method's ability to accurately reproduce the corresponding result from the 25‐cm column method.
Intracellular Delivery and Triggered Release of DNA Using Biodegradable Poly(2‐hydroxypropylene imine)s Containing Cystamine Units
Authors: Bockuviene Alma , Slavuckyte Kristina , Vareikis Ausvydas , Zigmantas Sarunas , Zaliauskiene Lolita , Makuska Ricardas
Published: July 2016

Poly(2‐hydroxypropylene imine)s containing segments of cystamine (PHPI‐CA) are synthesized by polycondensation of 1,3‐dibromo‐2‐propanol with a mixture of 1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol and cystamine. High molecular weight fractions of these polymers are collected by ultrafiltration and characterized by chemical analysis, 1H and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography with triple detection, and potentiometric titration, and are tested for DNA delivery in vitro. It is shown that PHPI‐CA are highly branched polymers containing disulfide linkages. Transfection efficiency of PHPI‐CA for DNA gives similar results to that of PHPI with GFP+ cell percent reaching 80–90%. Cytotoxicity levels for PHPI‐CA are lower than that of PHPI. Novel polymers containing different amounts of disulfide linkages are able to disintegrate and release DNA following the treatment with reducing agent 1,4‐dithiothreitol. Downstream application of PHPI‐CA transfected cells for RNA purification shows that RNA yield is not affected even after the double transfection suggesting that these polymers could be great candidates for in vitro and in vivo transfection.

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Full tensor properties of single‐domain tetragonal 0.63Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.37PbTiO3 single crystal and their orientation dependence
Authors: Jing Yujia , Zheng Limei , Lü Weiming , Xi Zengzhe , Zheng Peng , Du Juan , Zhang Rui
Published: July 2016

Single‐domain states have been achieved in [001]C‐poled tetragonal 0.63Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.37PbTiO3 single crystal by a room‐temperature poling process. A comprehensive study of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, dielectric, and elastic properties of single‐domain crystal has been performed. High thickness shear piezoelectricity (d15 = 1410 pC/N) and transverse dielectric permittivity () is shown, and high anisotropy is exhibited according to the low longitudinal piezoelectric and dielectric parameters (d33 = 307 pC/N, ). The orientation dependence of longitudinal dielectric permittivity, piezoelectric constant, electromechanical coupling factor, and elastic compliance constants were calculated based on the single‐domain complete set. The maximum value of was found 49° away from [001]C. Compared with domain‐engineered crystals, the single‐domain crystal possesses much higher shear piezoelectric and electromechanical properties, which show potential applications in shear‐wave transducers. This study provides important information of tetragonal Pb‐based relaxor single crystal, which is urgently needed for theoretical studies and device designs.
Using an optimisation process for sailplane winglet design
Authors: Krebs A. Travis , Bramesfeld B. Dr. Götz
Published: July 2016

A multi-objective optimisation process is used to design winglets for a high-performance sailplane. The primary optimisation objective is to maximise the average cross-country speed over a range of thermal strengths. Additional contributions to the cost functions are the limitation of the total drag during high-speed cruise and the additional root bending moment due to the winglet. Rather than being a pure design study, the purpose of the herein presented study is to demonstrate that a multi-objective optimisation approach is a suitable and efficient alternative to the more traditional, experienced-based design approach. The flight performance of the winglet designs are evaluated using a higher-order potential flow method. Results of the optimisation are hand-selected for further analysis. They are compared to a traditionally designed winglet for the same aircraft, designed with similar objectives in mind. The chosen final designs provide an increase in average cross-country speed of 1.5% at lower thermal strengths and 0.4% at higher thermal strengths when compared to the traditional design. When approximating the effects of trim drag due to wing loading and static margin, these performance gains fall to 0.6% and 0.1% respectively, more closely matching the performance of the traditionally designed winglet. The final designs, along with the traditional design, provide performance benefits across all airspeeds of the flight envelope of the base aircraft without winglets.
The cost of swimming in generalized Newtonian fluids: experiments withC. elegans
Authors: Gagnon D. A. , Arratia P. E.
Published: July 2016

Numerous natural processes are contingent on microorganisms’ ability to swim through fluids with non-Newtonian rheology. Here, we use the model organismCaenorhabditis elegansand tracking methods to experimentally investigate the dynamics of undulatory swimming in shear-thinning fluids. Theory and simulation have proposed that the cost of swimming, or mechanical power, should be lower in a shear-thinning fluid compared to a Newtonian fluid of the same zero-shear viscosity. We aim to provide an experimental investigation into the cost of swimming in a shear-thinning fluid from (i) an estimate of the mechanical power of the swimmer and (ii) the viscous dissipation rate of the flow field, which should yield equivalent results for a self-propelled low Reynolds number swimmer. We find the cost of swimming in shear-thinning fluids is less than or equal to the cost of swimming in Newtonian fluids of the same zero-shear viscosity; furthermore, the cost of swimming in shear-thinning fluids scales with a fluid’s effective viscosity and can be predicted using fluid rheology and simple swimming kinematics. Our results agree reasonably well with previous theoretical predictions and provide a framework for understanding the cost of swimming in generalized Newtonian fluids.
CFD Based Analysis of Laminar Forced Convection of Nanofluid Separated Flow Under the Presence of Magnetic Field
Authors: Besanjideh M. , Hajabdollahi M. , Gandjalikhan Nassab S. A.
Published: July 2016

This paper deals with studying fluid flow and heat transfer of nanofluid through a forward facing step channel which is affected by a uniform magnetic field transverse to fluid flow. All the channel walls are assumed to be in constant temperature and the fluid temperature at the channel inlet is less than that of the walls. Also, the nanofluid is considered as a single-phase Newtonian fluid and the proper correlations were utilized to determine the thermophysical properties of nanofluid. Therefore, a code has been developed and two-dimensional continuity, momentum and energy equations were solved, using CFD technique. The computations were conducted for different values of the Reynolds and Hartmann numbers, and contraction ratio and an extensive range of nanoparticles volume fraction. The results indicated that flow separation and reattachment phenomena, in vicinity of the step edge, could be influenced strongly by magnetic field and the average Nusselt number is increased significantly by increasing nanoparticles volume fraction and Hartmann number.
Partial productivity of linguistic constructions: Dynamic categorization and statistical preemption
Authors: GOLDBERG ADELE E.
Published: July 2016

abstract

Grammatical constructions are typically partially but not fully productive, which leads to a conundrum for the learner. When can a construction be extended for use with new words and when can it not? The solution suggested here relies on two complementary processes. The first isdynamic categorization: as learners record the statistics of their language, they implicitly categorize the input on the basis of form and function. On the basis of this categorization process, general semantic and phonological constraints on productivity emerge, and productivity is to a large extent determined by the degree to which the category is well attested by similar exemplars. Occasionally, a semantically sensical and phonologically well-formed instance of a well-attested construction is simply not fully acceptable. It is suggested that a process ofstatistical preemptionis at work in these cases: learners avoid using a construction if an alternative formulation has been systematically witnessed instead. The mechanism proposed for statistical preemption is competition-driven learning: when two competitors are activated but one reliably wins, the loser becomes less accessible over time. In this way, the paradox of partial productivity can be resolved.
Building Psychiatric Expertise across Southeast Asia: Study Trips, Site Visits, and Therapeutic Labor in French Indochina and the Dutch East Indies, 1898–1937
Authors: Edington Claire , Pols Hans
Published: July 2016

This paper examines a series of research trips undertaken by French physicians in Indochina to the Dutch East Indies between 1898 and 1937 to study what they saw to be a successful model of a modern psychiatric service that had been developed there. Dutch experiments with forms of “open door” care and the use of patient labor as therapy, premised on earlier ideas of moral treatment, seemed to hold both therapeutic promise and the key to resolving pressing economic concerns faced by colonial psychiatric institutions. French physicians saw in neighboring Java fundamental ethnological and geographical similarities to Indochina, and Dutch successes in psychiatric assistance there raised the prospect of adapting practices the Dutch had developed to their own program in Indochina throughout the interwar years.
SEED-ORIENTED PLANTING IMPROVES LIGHT INTERCEPTION, RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea maysL.)
Authors: TORRES GUILHERME M. , KOLLER ADRIAN , TAYLOR RANDY , RAUN WILLIAM R.
Published: July 2016

Seed-oriented planting provides a manner to influence canopy structure. The purpose of this research was to improve maize light interception using seed-oriented planting to manipulate leaf azimuth across the row thereby minimizing leaf overlap. To achieve leaf azimuths oriented preferentially across the row, seeds were planted: (i) upright with caryopsis pointed down, parallel to the row (upright); and (ii) laying flat, embryo up, perpendicular to the row (flat). These treatments were compared to conventionally planted seeds with resulting random leaf azimuth distribution. Seed orientation effects were contrasted with three levels of plant population and two levels of hybrid specific canopy structures. Increased plant population resulted in greater light interception but yield tended to decrease as plant population increased. The planophile hybrid produced consistently greater yields than the erectophile hybrid. The difference between planophile and erectophile hybrids ranged from 283 to 903 kg ha−1. Overall, mean grain yield for upright and flat seed placement increased by 351 and 463 kg ha−1compared to random seed placement. Greater cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (CIPAR) was found for oriented seeds rather than random-oriented seeds. At physiological maturity upright, flat and random-oriented seeds intercepted 555, 525 and 521 MJ m−2of PAR, respectively. Maize yield responded positively to improved light interception and better radiation use efficiency. Under irrigated conditions, precision planting of maize increased yield by 9 to 14% compared to random-oriented seeds.
La théorie du comportement et la credibility theory américaine
Authors: Franckx E.
Published: July 2016

La théorie américaine de la crédibilité est considérée par nos collégues américains comme une pièce-maîtresse de la théorie actuarielle „non life” (Longley Cook: An Introduction to Credibility Theory). Elle a re¸u la consécration de l'expérience sur le marché le plus large du monde. Dirigeants d'entreprises et autorités de contrôle se sont accordéd sur son emploi. Ce sont la des résultats positifs qui ne peuvent que faire réfléchir tous les actuaires. ASTIN a mis le probléme á l'ordre du jour du colloque de Lucerne en 1965. Cette année, la réunion d'Arnhem reprend le même sujet, á juste titre.

Mais il faut le constater, si les méthodes d'adaptation américaines donnent des résultats pratiques indiscutables, elles ont été établies par des méthodes pragmatiques, d'abord basées sur certains cas particuliers et admises, ex cathedra, en toute généralité. Cette situation laisse un sentiment de malaise et souléve de nombreuses critiques. (Derron: Kredibilität und Versicherungwesen) (Mayerson: A Bayesan view of Credibility). La théorie de la crédibilité impose avant tout la recherche d'une base théorique plus valable.

La question est délicate. Elle touche directement au probléme de l'inférence statistique qui constitue entre probabilistes et statisticiens un domaine trés controversé. La présente note apporte une contribution trés subjective á la théorie américaine. Elle tend á élargir le débat et conduit á la conclusion que l'établissement d'une théorie du comportement de l'assureur serait souhaitable. Dans une telle théorie, les mathématiques ont leur importance, mais elles présupposent l'admission á priori de certaines régies d'inférence.
Risk theory and Wiener processes
Authors: Bohman H.
Published: July 2016

We will in this paper consider the risk process from the point of view of random walk in one dimension. The particle starts out at the origin. Each claim is equivalent to a step in the random walk. The length of the step is equal to the amount of the claim minus the amount of the premium which has been obtained since the preceding claim. If the difference is positive the particle advances to the right and if the difference is negative to the left. At distance U to the right from the origin there is a barrier. The problem is to find the distribution function of X, the time it takes the particle to cross the barrier for the first time.

In most practical applications of risk theory U is large in comparison to the individual steps of the particle. We will in this paper assume that U is large in comparison to the individual steps and draw certain conclusions about the risk processes from this assumption.

The individual steps of the particle have a certain distribution. The corresponding characteristic function is ϕ. For reasons which will be seen later we will consider ϕ to be a function of it = θ instead of t. This means that

The mean value and the standard deviation of each step is equal to m and σ respectively. We now write

We now define two random variables X and Y.

X = time to cross the barrier for the first time

Y = X σ2/U2.