bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tác động của chi tiêu và đặc điểm hộ gia đình đến thực phẩm tiêu thụ tại Việt Nam năm 2022
Authors: Trịnh Thị Hường
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu phân tích mối quan hệ giữa chi tiêu và đặc điểm hộ gia đình đến lượng tiêu thụ thực phẩm tại Việt Nam trong năm 2022. Chúng tôi sử dụng dữ liệu về chi tiêu, đặc điểm chủ hộ và nơi sống từ điều tra Khảo sát mức sống dân cư của Tổng cục Thống kê Việt Nam. Thông qua mô hình logarit bình phương, chi tiêu bình quân đầu người có tác động phi tuyến đến lượng calo tiêu thụ bình quân, cụ thể là tác động có dạng đường cong parabol với mức ngưỡng chi bình quân là 6 triệu đồng/người/tháng. Hệ số co giãn của calo bình quân đầu người đối với chi tiêu bình quân đầu người dao động trong khoảng 0,3 đến 0,4. Hơn nữa, các hộ gia đình thuộc nhóm chi tiêu cao có xu hướng chi tiêu cho các thực phẩm nhóm sữa và giàu đạm nhiều hơn và giá cao hơn so với nhóm chi tiêu thấp hơn. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy vai trò quan trọng của chi tiêu, trình độ giáo dục và yếu tố vùng miền đến tiêu thụ thực phẩm tại hộ gia đình, góp phần đảm bảo các chính sách an sinh và nâng cao chất lượng cuộc sống của người dân Việt Nam.
Chênh lệch về tiền lương do việc làm không phù hợp với trình độ của người lao động tốt nghiệp đại học ở Việt Nam
Authors: Vũ Thị Bích Ngọc , Khúc Thế Anh , Trần Quang Tuyến
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu này phân tích chênh lệch thu nhập của người lao động có bằng đại học làm việc đúng trình độ và người làm việc thừa trình độ. Dữ liệu nghiên cứu được lấy từ bộ số liệu Điều tra lao động việc làm năm 2019 và năm 2022. Chúng tôi sử dụng phương pháp phân rã Oaxaca – Blinder thực hiện phân tách mức chênh lệch về thu nhập của người lao động làm việc đúng trình ađộ và thừa trình độ. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, người làm việc thừa trình độ bị thiệt hại đáng kể về thu nhập so với người làm việc đúng trình độ. Nguyên nhân đến từ đặc điểm của người lao động, môi trường làm việc và tác động tương tác của cả hai yếu tố trên. Một số hàm ý chính sách cũng được chúng tôi đưa ra nhằm thu hẹp khoảng cách này.
CAMPUR KODE BAHASA GAUL MAHASISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Ratna Juwita Silvia , Wan Minto Deri , Oktian Fajar Nugroho  , Febrianti Nurul
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to describe the code mixing of student slang at universities in Indonesian language courses, especially Esa Unggul University. This type of qualitative research and descriptive method of analysis. The process of collecting basic and advanced technical data is insertion, intrusion, or insertion techniques. The data before being analyzed is verified first, then analyzed. Validation is done by triangulation technique through internal and external validation. The results found that many students use mixed language, especially writing. It is better for lecturers to give warnings both directly in class, and in writing through scientific writing, and provide intensive counseling so that the younger generation does not lose their national identity.
Keywords: Code Mixing, Student Language, Language Learning
STRUKTUR PERCAKAPAN PODCAST PADA CHANNEL YOUTUBE DEDDY CORBUZIER DALAM MENANGANI COVID-19
Authors: Apreno Reci , Basuki Rohkmat , Noermanzah Noermanzah
Published: March 2024

The ability to speak in public in the digital era 4.0 is increasingly developing using digital media, one of which is podcasts. Podcasts have a different structure from other types of speaking discourse in general. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to describe the structure of podcast conversations on Deddy Corbuzier's youtube channel in dealing with covid-19. This study uses a qualitative approach with qualitative content analysis methods. The source of the data in this study is Deddy Corbuizer's podcast and the data in this study are all oral utterances that occur during the conversation process. Data collection using documentation techniques. The data analysis technique was carried out by content analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study found, speaking turns occur because of an understanding between the speaker and the speech partner in taking their turn to speak, pauses include short pauses and medium pauses, short pauses occur in the middle of speech marked by the phrase ehh and pauses are occurring at the end of the speech because there is no direct response. from the speech partner, overlapping speech occurs because of the speaking turn taking by the speech partner before the speaker gives the opportunity, backchannel occurs because of a response from the speech partner on the sidelines of the speaker's statement in the form of heem, he'eh, yes, okay, and pair Ajesensi is marked by the presence of questions asking how are you at the beginning of the conversation and thanks at the end of the conversation, in this case the questions and greetings already have automatic answers. This shows that in Deddy Corbuzier's podcast conversation there is a complete conversation structure. And has its own characteristics, especially in opening direct conversations to the point without too many introductions like other types of discourse
Hispanic Ethnicity and Hidden Barriers to CPA Exam Success
Authors: Lozada Aida , Gracia Luz , Longobardi Teresa
Published: March 2024

The performance of Hispanic candidates on the CPA Exam has not been studied to identify predictors of performance. However, speculations have been made in the literature that, understandably, proficiency in the English language is a factor. Our study aims to combine the jurisdiction performance on the CPA Exam from 2015 and 2019 with U.S. Census Bureau estimates of the proportion of Hispanic residents that speak English to identify if there is an association to be found between language and performance. To this end, we explore whether the propensity of a Hispanic population to speak English is associated with improved performance. We begin with a descriptive analysis of Puerto Rico candidates and seven jurisdictions that had relatively high participation on the CPA Exam and the greatest proportion of Hispanics in their population. We found the Puerto Rico pass rate consistently below the other jurisdictions. This result suggests that the greater the proportion of Hispanic people, the lower the overall performance.
Development and evaluation of the effectiveness of the educational and methodological complex of the module «Features of dental care for patients with concomitant diseases» of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the specialty 31.05.03
Authors: Anisimova E. N. , Anisimova N. Yu. , Ryazantsev N. A. , Orekhova I. V. , Pershina L. V. , Labzenkova M. A. , Kravchenko I. A. , Golikova A. M.
Published: March 2024

Order No. 984 of August 20, 2020 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation approved the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education – a specialty in the specialty 31.05.03 «Dentistry», programs are developed and approved by the organization independently with the formation of requirements for the results of its development in the form of universal, general professional and professional competencies of graduates. At the Department of Pain Management in Dentistry of Moscow State Medical University named after. A. I. Evdokimov developed the program «Features of providing dental care to patients with concomitant diseases» and an educational and methodological complex consisting of a textbook (monograph), a course of video lectures, an educational and methodological manual (workbook) for self-preparation of students for classes. In order to control the acquired knowledge, a bank of test tasks and situational tasks was created. An analysis of the performance of 1,306 students of the Faculty of Dentistry, who studied in the 9th semester, demonstrated the high efficiency of the developed program and educational and methodological complex.
SİGORTACILIK KANUNU’NUN 33/B MADDESİ BAĞLAMINDA, HAK SAHİPLERİNCE ARANMAYAN ALACAKLARIN DEVLETE DEVRİ KURUMUNA İLİŞKİN DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: Küçük Damla
Published: March 2024

Ülkemizde hak sahiplerince aranmayan hakların devlete devrini öngören temel düzenlemelerden birisi SK’nin, sahiplerine ödenmesi gereken sigorta alacaklarının, zamanaşımına uğraması ve hak sahibine ulaşılamaması hâlinde, Güvence Hesabı’na devredileceğini belirten 33/B maddesidir. Benzer bir diğer düzenleme de BK’nin 62. maddesinde yer alır. Her iki düzenlemede de kanun koyucu bir hakkın sahibince aranmadığının kabulü, böylece devlete devrinin sağlanabilmesi için ilgili hakkın zamanaşımına uğramış ve hak sahibine karşı gerekli bildirim ve ilanların yapılmış olmasını aramıştır. Oysa bu konuda ayrıntılı düzenlemelere ve eski bir yargı geçmişine sahip Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde bir hak, ancak adına “terk süresi” (dormancy period) denilen bir sürenin, hak sahibinin hakkının varlığından haberdar olduğunu ve hak üzerindeki sahiplik iddiasını devam ettirdiğini gösteren herhangi bir eylemi olmaksızın geçmesi durumunda, “sahibince aranmayan” yani “terk edilmiş bir hak” olarak kabul edilmektedir. Tabi kanun koyucunun, geçmesi ile birlikte ilgili hakkın -terk edildiği kabul edilerek- devlete devrini sağlayan bu süreyi “zamanaşımı” olarak adlandırıp, meseleyi bu kurum üzerinden düzenlemesi, mahkemelerin de bir hakkın terk edilmiş sayılması için geçmesi gereken süreyi zamanaşımı olarak tanımlayıp, uyuşmazlıkları da bu kurum üzerinden çözmeye çalışmasına yol açmıştır. Bu ise bir yandan zamanaşımı kurumunun geleneksel ilke ve kurallarının ihlaline, diğer yandan terk edilmiş hakların devlete devri kurumunun kendine has ilke ve kurallarının oluşturulmasına engel olmaktadır.
KAMBİYO SENETLERİNDE SENET METNİNDE TAHRİFAT (TTK m. 748) UYGULAMASINA İLİŞKİN BAZI DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: Yıldız Burçak
Published: March 2024

Kambiyo senetlerinde tahrifat, TTK m. 748’de düzenlenmiştir. Hükme göre değiştirmeden sonra senet üzerine imza koymuş olan kişiler değişmiş metne ve ondan önce imzasını koyanlar ise eski metne göre sorumlu olurlar. Söz konusu kurumun uygulanma şartları, büyük ölçüde yargı kararlarıyla şekillenmiştir.
TTK m. 748 hükmünün uygulanabilmesi için değişiklik yapılmasından önce geçerli bir kambiyo senedi bulunmalı, tahrifat senet tedavüle çıktıktan sonra ve senet metninde yapılmış olmalı, tahrifat yapılmasından sonra da senet geçerliliğini sürdürüyor olmalıdır. Tahrif edilmiş olması, senedin kambiyo senedi niteliğini etkilememektedir.
Hüküm, “senetteki çıkıntı, kazıntı veya silintinin ayrıca onanmamışsa, inkâr hâlinde göz önünde tutulmayacağına” ilişkin HMK m. 207 hükmüne belli ölçüde istisna teşkil etmektedir; zira onanmış olmasa bile tahrif edilen metin, bu müdahaleden sonra kambiyo senedini imzalamış olanlar için bağlayıcıdır.
Tahrifat def’ini ileri süren borçlu senette tahrifat yapılmış olduğunu ispatlamalıdır. Borçlunun senedi tahrifat yapılmasından önce imzalamış olduğunu kendisinin mi yoksa alacaklının mı ispatlaması gerektiği hususu ise önem taşımaktadır. Öğretide bir görüş, senet borçlusunun senedi tahrifattan önce imzalamış sayıldığını, aksini alacaklının ispatlaması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Ancak mehaz İsviçre hukukunda borçlunun senedi tahrifattan sonra imzalamış olduğu karine olarak kabul edilmekte; tahrifattan önce imzalamış olduğu konusundaki ispat yükünün borçluda olduğu belirtilmektedir. Yargıtay da senedi tahrifattan önce imzalamış olduğunu borçlunun ispatlaması gerektiğine hükmetmiştir.
Membrane trafficking alterations in breast cancer progression
Authors: Ferreira Andreia , Castanheira Pedro , Escrevente Cristina , Barral Duarte C. , Barona Teresa
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women, and remains one of the major causes of death in women worldwide. It is now well established that alterations in membrane trafficking are implicated in BC progression. Indeed, membrane trafficking pathways regulate BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The 22 members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and the >60 members of the rat sarcoma (RAS)-related in brain (RAB) families of small GTP-binding proteins (GTPases), which belong to the RAS superfamily, are master regulators of membrane trafficking pathways. ARF-like (ARL) subfamily members are involved in various processes, including vesicle budding and cargo selection. Moreover, ARFs regulate cytoskeleton organization and signal transduction. RABs are key regulators of all steps of membrane trafficking. Interestingly, the activity and/or expression of some of these proteins is found dysregulated in BC. Here, we review how the processes regulated by ARFs and RABs are subverted in BC, including secretion/exocytosis, endocytosis/recycling, autophagy/lysosome trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, integrin-mediated signaling, among others. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview of the roles played by ARF and RAB family members, as well as their regulators in BC progression, aiming to lay the foundation for future research in this field. This research should focus on further dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulated by ARFs and RABs that are subverted in BC, and exploring their use as therapeutic targets or prognostic markers.
Substrate types and applications of MXene for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Zhi-Wei , Wang Gong , Li Yun-Fei , Yu Yu
Published: March 2024

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely used in the analysis of analytes because of its unique fingerprint characteristics, high sensitivity, and fast detection response. MXene is widely used in SERS studies among the various substrates due to its ultra-high chemical stability, excellent conductivity, hydrophilicity, and low fabrication cost. This mini-review summarizes MXene’s research in the SERS field from two aspects. We reviewed MXene materials used as SERS substrates alone and combined with noble metal particles primarily. Subsequently, we outlined representative applications of MXene-based SERS in biomedicine, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Moreover, we discussed the technical bottleneck and the prospect of future development in this field.
Stress hyperglycemia and poor outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alkatiri Abdul Hakim , Qalby Nurul , Mappangara Idar , Zainal Ahmad Taufik F. , Cramer Maarten J. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Qanitha Andriany
Published: March 2024

Background

Hyperglycemia, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, is frequently observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There are conflicting sources regarding the relationship between hyperglycemia and outcomes in STEMI patients. We aimed to compile evidence to assess the association between hyperglycemia and adverse outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search for articles on PubMed and Embase using search strategies which yielded 4,061 articles. After full-text screening, 66 articles were included for systematic review, and 62 articles were further selected for meta-analysis.

Results

The 66 included articles spanned the years 2005–2023. Of these, 45 articles reported admission blood glucose, 13 articles used HbA1c, and 7 articles studied fasting blood glucose. Most studies defined STEMI with primary PCI as their inclusion criteria. Mortality was the most often outcome reported related to hyperglycemia. Overall, 55 (83.3%) studies were at low risk of bias. Both admission and fasting blood glucose were significantly related to short- and long-term mortality after STEMI, with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 3.02 (95%CI: 2.65–3.45) and 4.47 (95% CI: 2.54–7.87), respectively. HbA1c showed substantial association with long-term mortality (HR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.31–2.18)) with a pooled RR of 1.58 (95% CI 1.26–1.97). In subsequent analyses, admission hyperglycemia was associated with an increased risk of reinfarction (pooled RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.31–2.17), heart failure (pooled RR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.37–1.77), cardiogenic shock (pooled RR 3.68, 95% CI 2.65–5.11), repeat PCI or stent thrombosis (pooled RR 1.99, 95% CI 1.21–3.28), and composite major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (pooled RR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.54–2.58).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that hyperglycemia has a strong association with poor outcomes after STEMI. Admission and fasting blood glucose are predictors for short-term outcomes, while HbA1c is more appropriate for predicting longer-term outcomes in STEMI patients.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO 2021 (CRD42021292985).
Cryptorchidism and puberty
Authors: Rodprasert Wiwat , Virtanen Helena E. , Toppari Jorma
Published: March 2024

Cryptorchidism is the condition in which one or both testes have not descended adequately into the scrotum. The congenital form of cryptorchidism is one of the most prevalent urogenital anomalies in male newborns. In the acquired form of cryptorchidism, the testis that was previously descended normally is no longer located in the scrotum. Cryptorchidism is associated with an increased risk of infertility and testicular germ cell tumors. However, data on pubertal progression are less well-established because of the limited number of studies. Here, we aim to review the currently available data on pubertal development in boys with a history of non-syndromic cryptorchidism—both congenital and acquired cryptorchidism. The review is focused on the timing of puberty, physical changes, testicular growth, and endocrine development during puberty. The available evidence demonstrated that the timing of the onset of puberty in boys with a history of congenital cryptorchidism does not differ from that of non-cryptorchid boys. Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal hormone measurements showed an impaired function or fewer Sertoli cells and/or germ cells among boys with a history of cryptorchidism, particularly with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism treated with orchiopexy. Leydig cell function is generally not affected in boys with a history of cryptorchidism. Data on pubertal development among boys with acquired cryptorchidism are lacking; therefore, more research is needed to investigate pubertal progression among such boys.
Cooperative control of the DC-link voltage in VSC-MTDC grid via virtual synchronous generators
Authors: Han Huachun , Li Qun , Li Qiang
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) are used in Voltage Source Converter-based Multi-Terminal High-Voltage Direct Current (VSC-MTDC) systems to enhance power system stability. However, the MTDC framework can lead to instability due to reduced inertia in certain grid areas, especially during load switching at VSC stations. This instability is exacerbated by untimely adjustments of the VSG's power setpoint, leading to voltage and frequency oscillations.

Methods: This study introduces a cooperative control approach for the DC voltage of the VSG, employing a consensus algorithm and Model Predictive Control (MPC). This method aims to achieve incremental power for the VSG and provide interactive power commands for both the grid side and the wind farm side. The consensus algorithm ensures coherent system adjustments, while the MPC algorithm tracks DC-side voltage changes in real time.

Results: The application of this cooperative control approach significantly enhances DC voltage regulation performance. It effectively reduces the extent of frequency drops and mitigates secondary frequency drop (SFD) issues, particularly those arising from the use of wind farms for frequency regulation and the associated speed recovery in wind turbine units.

Discussion: The increase in supplemental power effectively utilizes the energy stored in DC-side capacitors for power balance regulation and introduces additional inertial power into the system. Electromagnetic transient simulations have confirmed the effectiveness of the Consensus MPC-VSG method, demonstrating its ability to optimize the dynamic performance of VSC-MTDC systems and promote stability in DC voltage and frequency.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that employing the Consensus MPC-VSG method offers a promising solution for enhancing the stability and operational efficiency of VSC-MTDC systems, addressing the challenges posed by the inherent segmentation of the grid and the integration of renewable energy sources like wind farms.
A systematic review of factors influencing habitat connectivity and biodiversity along road and rail routes in temperate zones
Authors: Cork Nicholas A. , Fisher Rachel S. , Strong Neil , Ferranti Emma J. S. , Quinn Andrew D.
Published: March 2024

This systematic review, part funded by Network Rail Ltd (UK), considers the role of transportation corridors in habitat connectivity within temperate climates, through verge habitat, surrounding matrix, movement along and across the corridor, the wider landscape context and management practices. PICO terms were developed for the bibliographic search on 15/11/22 using Web of Science (all databases), yielding 168 studies for review. The risk of bias was minimised by excluding non-peer reviewed papers. Large and exotic taxa were excluded due to a focus on temperate zones, as were studies on invasive species and climate change where the primary focus was not ecological connectivity. Emergent themes were used to structure the paper. Results indicate that transportation corridors have significant potential for habitat connectivity, especially for generalist and open-specialist species, which favour early to mid-successional habitats. However, physiology is a key determinant in dispersal ability. Vegetation management should consider representative communities rather than individual species. Gaps exist in the range of taxa studied, understanding of seasonal variations and lifecycle stages supported in verges, survival factors such as predation and disease and changes to community structure. Rail environments are under-represented and there is limited knowledge on the relative impacts of vegetation management regimes.
Alveolar-capillary endocytosis and trafficking in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Kryvenko Vitalii , Vadász István
Published: March 2024

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality but lacks specific therapeutic options. Diverse endocytic processes play a key role in all phases of acute lung injury (ALI), including the initial insult, development of respiratory failure due to alveolar flooding, as a consequence of altered alveolar-capillary barrier function, as well as in the resolution or deleterious remodeling after injury. In particular, clathrin-, caveolae-, endophilin- and glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein-mediated endocytosis, as well as, macropinocytosis and phagocytosis have been implicated in the setting of acute lung damage. This manuscript reviews our current understanding of these endocytic pathways and subsequent intracellular trafficking in various phases of ALI, and also aims to identify potential therapeutic targets for patients with ARDS.
Exploring the clinical significance of IL-38 correlation with PD-1, CTLA-4, and FOXP3 in colorectal cancer draining lymph nodes
Authors: Yuan Liuhong , Tan Zhenyu , Huang Junjie , Chen Feier , Hambly Brett D. , Bao Shisan , Tao Kun
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a substantial challenge characterized by unacceptably high mortality and morbidity, primarily attributed to delayed diagnosis and reliance on palliative care. The immune response of the host plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, with IL-38 emerging as a potential protective factor in CRC. However, the precise involvement of IL-38 among various leucocytes, its interactions with PD-1/PD-L1, and its impact on metastasis require further elucidation.

Results

Our investigation revealed a significant correlation between IL-38 expression and metastasis, particularly concerning survival and interactions among diverse leucocytes within draining lymph nodes. In the mesentery lymph nodes, we observed an inverse correlation between IL-38 expression and stages of lymph node invasions (TNM), invasion depth, distance, and differentiation. This aligns with an overall survival advantage associated with higher IL-38 expression in CRC patients’ nodes compared to lower levels, as well as elevated IL-38 expression on CD4+ or CD8+ cells. Notably, a distinct subset of patients characterized by IL-38high/PD-1low expression exhibited superior survival outcomes compared to other combinations.

Discussion

Our findings demonstrate that IL-38 expression in colorectal regional nodes from CRC patients is inversely correlated with PD-1/PD-L1 but positively correlated with infiltrating CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes. The combined assessment of IL-38 and PD-1 expression in colorectal regional nodes emerges as a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis of CRC.
Nutrient enrichment alters phytoplankton biomass and composition via silicon limitation
Authors: Makareviciute-Fichtner Kriste , Matthiessen Birte , Lotze Heike K. , Sommer Ulrich
Published: March 2024

Despite management efforts, anthropogenic nutrient enrichments continue to enhance phytoplankton blooms worldwide. Release of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds not only provides surplus of nutrients but also disbalances their stoichiometry. Declines in the relative availability of dissolved silicon might induce limitation in diatoms, major primary producers with silicified shells. We studied experimentally how nutrient enrichment and resulting decline in dissolved silicon to nitrogen ratios (Si:N) affect the structure and functioning of natural plankton communities. Nitrate was added to create a range of Si:N ratios and phosphate was supplied in Redfield ratio to nitrogen. We also manipulated copepod abundance to understand the top-down effects on communities experiencing nutrient enrichment. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions resulted in a steep phytoplankton biomass increase, followed by a post-bloom decline. Phytoplankton bloom biomass was higher in high nitrogen treatments but during the post-bloom period this trend switched. Biomass was sustained longer in high Si:N treatments, indicating that silicon limitation terminates the bloom. Many diatom species did not benefit from nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment and diatom dominance ceased below Si:N of 0.4:1. Under high grazing pressure, silicate was taken up faster suggesting that silicification is important in diatom defense. Copepods shaped plankton communities via feeding on dinoflagellates, chlorophytes and the diatom Skeletonema costatum but there was no significant effect of nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment on copepod abundance. Our results, combined with previous studies, show that while nutrient concentrations define the total phytoplankton bloom biomass, resource ratios are important in sustaining biomass and determining community structure and composition.
The perilous consequences of bowel preparation: a case study with literature review of Boerhaave syndrome
Authors: Gao Ruo-yu , Wei Xiao-lan , Wu Jin-feng , Zhou Zhi-wei , Yu Xi-qiu
Published: March 2024

Colonoscopy is widely acknowledged as a prevalent and efficacious approach for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In order to guarantee an effective colonoscopy, it is imperative for patients to undergo an optimal bowel preparation regimen. This entails the consumption of a substantial volume of a non-absorbable solution to comprehensively purge the colon of any fecal residue. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy to acknowledge that the bowel preparation procedure may occasionally elicit adverse symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. In exceptional instances, the occurrence of excessive vomiting may lead to the rupture of the distal esophagus, a grave medical condition referred to as Boerhaave syndrome (BS). Timely identification and efficient intervention are imperative for the management of this infrequent yet potentially perilous ailment. This investigation presents a case study of a patient who developed BS subsequent to the ingestion of mannitol during bowel preparation. Furthermore, an exhaustive examination of extant case reports and pertinent literature on esophageal perforation linked to colonoscopy has been conducted. This analysis provides valuable insights into the prevention, reduction, and treatment of such serious complications.
Association between HDL-C and chronic pain: data from the NHANES database 2003–2004
Authors: Mi Panpan , Dong Haoran , Chen Shengle , Gao Xuan , Cao Xu , Liu Yong , Wang Huijie , Fan Guofeng
Published: March 2024

Objective

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been reported to be associated with pain symptoms of various diseases, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mediation is related to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between HDL-C levels and chronic pain in American adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data from American adults aged 20 and above during the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle. Participants were divided into 4 groups based on HDL-C quartiles. We used chi-square tests and Student’s t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests to analyze categorical variables and continuous variables to compare differences between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between HDL-C levels and the risk of chronic pain. Likelihood ratio tests were used to assess interactions between subgroups, and sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Results

Our final analysis included 4,688 participants, of which 733 (16.4%) had chronic pain. In the multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for covariates, there was a negative correlation between HDL-C levels and chronic pain. Specifically, for every 20 unit increase in HDL-C, the risk of chronic pain decreased by 26%. Compared with the lowest HDL-C quartile (< 43 mg/dL), the highest HDL-C quartile (≥ 64 mg/dL) was associated with a 24% reduction in the risk of chronic pain. No interaction factors affecting the relationship between HDL-C and chronic pain were found in the subgroup analysis.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a negative association between HDL-C levels and chronic pain in US adults, providing insights into the pathogenesis of chronic pain and potential improvements in chronic pain management strategies.
C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and neutrophil-to-albumin ratio for predicting response and prognosis to infliximab in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Xu Feng , Li Ya , Chen Bing
Published: March 2024

The C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR) serve as established markers for inflammatory diseases. However, limited studies have investigated their potential in predicting response and prognosis following infliximab (IFX) treatment. The objective of this paper was to evaluate feasibility of CAR and NAR as biomarkers to assess response to IFX induction therapy. Additionally, we attempted to determine the capacity to predict clinical remission in ulcerative colitis (UC) after 54 weeks of IFX treatment. We enrolled a total of 157 UC patients diagnosed via endoscopic mucosal biopsy at our hospital between October 2018 and June 2023. Additionally, 199 patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms, who underwent physical examinations, constituted the control group. Comprehensive clinical data, laboratory indicators, and endoscopic findings were systematically collected. CAR and NAR values were computed before treatment, post-induction, and subsequently at 8-week intervals. Comparisons between two groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or the independent samples t-test, and comparisons between multiple groups were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) or the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. We found CAR and NAR emerged as sensitive biomarkers for assessing disease activity. Notably, our findings indicated their dual predictive capability: foreseeing response post-IFX induction therapy and prognosticating the likelihood of UC patients achieving clinical remission following 54 weeks on IFX therapy.
Biological control potential of worrisome wheat blast disease by the seed endophytic bacilli
Authors: Surovy Musrat Zahan , Dutta Sudipta , Mahmud Nur Uddin , Gupta Dipali Rani , Farhana Tarin , Paul Sanjay Kumar , Win Joe , Dunlap Christopher , Oliva Ricardo , Rahman Mahfuzur , Sharpe Andrew G. , Islam Tofazzal
Published: March 2024

Crop production often faces challenges from plant diseases, and biological control emerges as an effective, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to chemical control. Wheat blast disease caused by fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT), is a potential catastrophic threat to global food security. This study aimed to identify potential bacterial isolates from rice and wheat seeds with inhibitory effects against MoT. In dual culture and seedling assays, three bacterial isolates (BTS-3, BTS-4, and BTLK6A) demonstrated effective suppression of MoT growth and reduced wheat blast severity when artificially inoculated at the seedling stage. Genome phylogeny identified these isolates as Bacillus subtilis (BTS-3) and B. velezensis (BTS-4 and BTLK6A). Whole-genome analysis revealed the presence of genes responsible for controlling MoT through antimicrobial defense, antioxidant defense, cell wall degradation, and induced systemic resistance (ISR). Taken together, our results suggest that the suppression of wheat blast disease by seed endophytic B. subtilis (BTS-3) and B. velezensis (BTS-4 and BTLK6A) is liked with antibiosis and induced systemic resistance to wheat plants. A further field validation is needed before recommending these endophytic bacteria for biological control of wheat blast.
Maintaining the native gut microbiota of bharal (Pseudois nayaur) is crucial in ex situ conservation
Authors: Gao Hongmei , Chi Xiangwen , Song Pengfei , Gu Haifeng , Xu Bo , Cai Zhenyuan , Jiang Feng , Li Bin , Zhang Tongzuo
Published: March 2024

As wildlife protection continue to strengthen, research on the gut microbiota of wildlife is increasing. Carrying out conservation and research on endangered species in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau plays an important role in global biodiversity conservation. This study utilized 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples to investigate the composition, function, and changes of the gut microbiota of bharal in different environments, seasons, and genders. The results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla and UCG-005, Bacteroides, UCG-010 were the dominant genera of bharal. In the wild, the abundance of Firmicutes increased which was conducive to the decomposition and utilization of cellulose, hemicellulose, and carbohydrate. Due to the variety of food types and nutrition in different seasons, the composition and function of gut microbiota were obviously different between genders. Compared with zoo, higher alpha diversity, a more complex gut microbiota network structure, and stronger metabolic function were conducive bharal to adapting to the wild environment. In the zoo, captive bharals were fed foods rich in high fat and protein, which increased the abundance of Bacteroidota and reduced the alpha diversity of gut microbiota. A fixed diet unified the gut microbiota between genders of bharal. It is very important to pay attention to the impact of captive environments and maintain the native gut microbiota of wildlife.
The effect of reward on motor learning: different stage, different effect
Authors: Zhao Jingwang , Zhang Guanghu , Xu Dongsheng
Published: March 2024

Motor learning is a prominent and extensively studied subject in rehabilitation following various types of neurological disorders. Motor repair and rehabilitation often extend over months and years post-injury with a slow pace of recovery, particularly affecting the fine movements of the distal extremities. This extended period can diminish the motivation and persistence of patients, a facet that has historically been overlooked in motor learning until recent years. Reward, including monetary compensation, social praise, video gaming, music, and virtual reality, is currently garnering heightened attention for its potential to enhance motor motivation and improve function. Numerous studies have examined the effects and attempted to explore potential mechanisms in various motor paradigms, yet they have yielded inconsistent or even contradictory results and conclusions. A comprehensive review is necessary to summarize studies on the effects of rewards on motor learning and to deduce a central pattern from these existing studies. Therefore, in this review, we initially outline a framework of motor learning considering two major types, two major components, and three stages. Subsequently, we summarize the effects of rewards on different stages of motor learning within the mentioned framework and analyze the underlying mechanisms at the level of behavior or neural circuit. Reward accelerates learning speed and enhances the extent of learning during the acquisition and consolidation stages, possibly by regulating the balance between the direct and indirect pathways (activating more D1-MSN than D2-MSN) of the ventral striatum and by increasing motor dynamics and kinematics. However, the effect varies depending on several experimental conditions. During the retention stage, there is a consensus that reward enhances both short-term and long-term memory retention in both types of motor learning, attributed to the LTP learning mechanism mediated by the VTA-M1 dopaminergic projection. Reward is a promising enhancer to bolster waning confidence and motivation, thereby increasing the efficiency of motor learning and rehabilitation. Further exploration of the circuit and functional connections between reward and the motor loop may provide a novel target for neural modulation to promote motor behavior.
Diving into the zebrafish brain: exploring neuroscience frontiers with genetic tools, imaging techniques, and behavioral insights
Authors: Doszyn O. , Dulski T. , Zmorzynska J.
Published: March 2024

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly used in neuroscience research. Zebrafish are relatively easy to maintain, and their high fecundity makes them suitable for high-throughput experiments. Their small, transparent embryos and larvae allow for easy microscopic imaging of the developing brain. Zebrafish also share a high degree of genetic similarity with humans, and are amenable to genetic manipulation techniques, such as gene knockdown, knockout, or knock-in, which allows researchers to study the role of specific genes relevant to human brain development, function, and disease. Zebrafish can also serve as a model for behavioral studies, including locomotion, learning, and social interactions. In this review, we present state-of-the-art methods to study the brain function in zebrafish, including genetic tools for labeling single neurons and neuronal circuits, live imaging of neural activity, synaptic dynamics and protein interactions in the zebrafish brain, optogenetic manipulation, and the use of virtual reality technology for behavioral testing. We highlight the potential of zebrafish for neuroscience research, especially regarding brain development, neuronal circuits, and genetic-based disorders and discuss its certain limitations as a model.
Mental workload assessment by monitoring brain, heart, and eye with six biomedical modalities during six cognitive tasks
Authors: Mark Jesse A. , Curtin Adrian , Kraft Amanda E. , Ziegler Matthias D. , Ayaz Hasan
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The efficiency and safety of complex high precision human-machine systems such as in aerospace and robotic surgery are closely related to the cognitive readiness, ability to manage workload, and situational awareness of their operators. Accurate assessment of mental workload could help in preventing operator error and allow for pertinent intervention by predicting performance declines that can arise from either work overload or under stimulation. Neuroergonomic approaches based on measures of human body and brain activity collectively can provide sensitive and reliable assessment of human mental workload in complex training and work environments.

Methods

In this study, we developed a new six-cognitive-domain task protocol, coupling it with six biomedical monitoring modalities to concurrently capture performance and cognitive workload correlates across a longitudinal multi-day investigation. Utilizing two distinct modalities for each aspect of cardiac activity (ECG and PPG), ocular activity (EOG and eye-tracking), and brain activity (EEG and fNIRS), 23 participants engaged in four sessions over 4 weeks, performing tasks associated with working memory, vigilance, risk assessment, shifting attention, situation awareness, and inhibitory control.

Results

The results revealed varying levels of sensitivity to workload within each modality. While certain measures exhibited consistency across tasks, neuroimaging modalities, in particular, unveiled meaningful differences between task conditions and cognitive domains.

Discussion

This is the first comprehensive comparison of these six brain-body measures across multiple days and cognitive domains. The findings underscore the potential of wearable brain and body sensing methods for evaluating mental workload. Such comprehensive neuroergonomic assessment can inform development of next generation neuroadaptive interfaces and training approaches for more efficient human-machine interaction and operator skill acquisition.
Consumers’ willingness to buy meat and seafood products close to the expiry date: an exploratory study from Denmark
Authors: Pandey Sujita , Bohl Amanda , Favari Vittoria , Mora Pietro , Phuyal Sudikshya , Sojková Eliška , Budhathoki Mausam , Thomsen Marianne
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Meat- and seafood products close to their expiry date (MSPCED) are one of the significant contributors to the growing food waste. Therefore, this study aims to investigate consumers’ attitudes and willingness to buy MSPCED.

Methods

An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 400 Danish consumers.

Results and discussion

Three consumer segments were identified based on their willingness to buy MSPCED: 39.8% of the participants showed a high willingness to buy MSPCED close to their expiry date (“All High”), 34.5% were selective with a high willingness to buy meat close to their expiry date but not seafood (“High meat, low seafood”), while 25.7% showed a low willingness to buy MSPCED (“All Low”). Consumers’ willingness to buy MSPCED is influenced by the perceived quality of the products, food safety, social acceptability, and price. Consumers were willing to pay a higher price for minced beef close to the expiry date when compared to cod fillets, pork cuts, and chicken breasts. However, consumers were willing to buy cod fillets with the lowest discount percentage when compared to pork cuts, minced beef, and chicken breast. The findings suggest that price reduction and discount percentage can have varying effects in influencing willingness to pay for MSPCED. This study provides valuable insights, for food waste practitioners in the retail sector, to develop effective strategies for reducing food waste by influencing consumer willingness to buy and pay for perishable products like meat and seafood.
Sesquiterpene lactones as emerging biomolecules to cease cancer by targeting apoptosis
Authors: Hsu Chou-Yi , Rajabi Sadegh , Hamzeloo-Moghadam Maryam , Kumar Abhinav , Maresca Marc , Ghildiyal Pallavi
Published: March 2024

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death comprising two signaling cascades including the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. This process has been shown to be involved in the therapy response of different cancer types, making it an effective target for treating cancer. Cancer has been considered a challenging issue in global health. Cancer cells possess six biological characteristics during their developmental process known as cancer hallmarks. Hallmarks of cancer include continuous growth signals, unlimited proliferation, resistance to proliferation inhibitors, apoptosis escaping, active angiogenesis, and metastasis. Sesquiterpene lactones are one of the large and diverse groups of planet-derived phytochemicals that can be used as sources for a variety of drugs. Some sesquiterpene lactones possess many biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-malarial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and analgesic. This review article briefly overviews the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis and the interactions between the modulators of both pathways. Also, the present review summarizes the potential effects of sesquiterpene lactones on different modulators of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines and animal models. The main purpose of the present review is to give a clear picture of the current knowledge about the pro-apoptotic effects of sesquiterpene lactones on various cancers to provide future direction in cancer therapeutics.
e-VITA study protocol: EU-Japan virtual coach for smart aging
Authors: Bevilacqua Roberta , Stara Vera , Amabili Giulio , Margaritini Arianna , Benadduci Marco , Barbarossa Federico , Maranesi Elvira , Rigaud Anne-Sophie , Dacunha Sébastien , Palmier Cecilia , Moller Johanna , Browne Ryan , Ogawa Toshimi , Wieching Rainer
Published: March 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to report a trial protocol for assessing the improvement of older adults’ well-being, promoting active and healthy aging, and reducing the risks of social exclusion, using a virtual coach.

Background

Increased longevity brings with it reduced autonomy and independence, and it is therefore necessary to act with preventive measures that can promote active and healthy aging. With the development of technology, new tools have appeared, including virtual coaches, which can enable people to lead a healthy lifestyle by identifying individual needs and goals and providing personalized recommendations and advice. However, it is important that these coaches take into consideration the inter-individual and cross-cultural differences of each person.

Design

A randomized controlled trial is proposed.

Methods

This study will recruit 240 healthy subjects aged 65 years and older. Participants will be assigned to an experimental group that will receive the e-VITA system or to the control group that will receive an information booklet only. The primary outcome measure is the person's quality of life (QoL). Data will be collected at baseline, 3 months after the trial, and at the end of the trial, after 6 months.

Discussion

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of the e-VITA system, consisting of a virtual coach, several sensors for monitoring, a smartphone for use at home, and a booklet, in improving the older person's quality of life. The increased perceived well-being will also be linked to improvements in other areas of the person's life, psychological and cognitive status, the area of sociality, nutrition, and eHealth literacy.