bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of the Organizational and Functional Structure of Library Education in the Republic of Cameroon
Authors: Zemengue J.
Published: July 2018

The paper considers the works of Russian specialists and scientists from other countries devoted to the  organizational and  functional process of training of library personnel. The author proposes to use this experience to form the  system of library education in the  Republic of Cameroon. The organizational and functional structure of library staff training in the Republic of Cameroon should include the following multifunctional and  successively interrelated  levels: specialized secondary library education, higher library education, training of scientific personnel and  additional training programs for  the  professional development and  retraining of specialists. For realization of such a structure dedicated to the  training of specialists, it would  seem appropriate to decide at the  government level on the  establishment of a Library and  Information Science College  in the  country, which would  focus on training of mid-level specialists, primarily for small public libraries. At the University of Yaounde ІІ, it is important to create a Library and Information Science Faculty and start the Master’s Degree training of students in librarianship; and in the longer term, Postgraduate programs for  scientific staff. Organisation of qualification improvement and professional retraining can be carried out  by joint efforts of the  University of Yaounde ІІ and  the  major libraries of Cameroon. Practical introduction of the organizational and functional structure as the basis  for implementation of training system for library staff in the Republic of Cameroon shall be carried out on the basis of classical management functions: planning, organization, motivation, coordination and regulation, control, taking into account the  external and internal factors influencing the  training of library staff.
A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF EUPHEMISM-FORMATION STRATEGIES IN EVRO DAILY NEWSPAPER
Authors: Mohammed Fakhir Omar , Majeed Suhayla H.
Published: July 2018

The current paper tries to answer the question: What are the most important strategies for forming euphemisms on the word and sentence levels in the Kurdish daily newspaper, Evro? In order to reach accurate findings and results, the researcher followed the methodological procedures of Content Analysis (hence CA) by Berelson (1952) and Krippendorff (2003). Adopting a modified version of Warren’s Model (1992) for the classification of euphemistic strategies, the data extracted from sample texts were processed and analyzed statistically via Excel sheets and SPSS software. The results obtained throughout this paper show that different euphemistic strategies within various topic clusters (i.e. politics, economy, death, religion, sports, etc.) manifest different percentages. On the word level, loan words show the highest percentage (40.3%) from among all other strategies. In contrast, euphemisms related to reduplication strategy have the lowest percentage (1.8%). With regard to other strategies, they are measured from high to low ranking, starting from understatement (24.4%) followed by remodeling (13.7%), acronyms (7.6%), overstatement (6.9%) and underspecification (5.4%). On the sentence level, the passive voice strategy shows the highest percentage (30.4%) from among all other strategies; however, euphemisms related to litotes strategy have the lowest percentage (6.7%). With regard to the other strategies, they start from metaphors (25.5%) followed by idioms (25.2%), and finally downtoners (12.1%). Finally, the use of euphemistic strategies in question was measured to test statistical differences between these strategies across specified semantic topic clusters, by means of a series of ANOVAs and multiple comparison correlations, that were programmed and output by SPSS software 17.0.
الملك المنصور الثاني محمد صاحب حماة (642 – 683هـ/1245-1284م)
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed S.
Published: July 2018

الملخص

ان الغرض من البحث اعطاء صورة عن حياة الملك المنصور الثاني المعروف بصاحب حماة، وهو شخصية ايوبية ظهر في وقت كانت تعاني فيه الدولة الايوبية من التمزق والتفكك، وتم تقسيمها الى اربعة مباحث رئيسية تناول اولها حياته الشخصية للتعرف من قريب على نشأته وكل ما يخص اسرته وتناول المبحث الثاني حياته السياسية من خلال اعطاء صورة واضحة عن والده الملك المظفر (626-642هـ/1229-1284م) الذي توفي عندما كان الملك المنصور في سن الصبا وكيف اصبح تحت وصاية والدته وتوليه الحكم في حماة، أما المبحث الثالث فتناول العلاقات السياسية الداخلية بين الايوبيين التي تبين انها تميزت بالقلق والافتقار الى خط سياسي واضح بسبب تعارض المصالح وتضاربها دون اعتبار للمصلحة العامة او المستقبل السياسي للعائلة الايوبية ودولتهم وموقفه من الصراع بين ملوك الايوبيين في بلاد الشام ومصر، واخيراً تطرق المبحث الرابع إلى علاقاته مع  المماليك حكام مصر الجدد وعلاقاته مع المغول والارمن ودوره في معارك عين جالوت ومعركة حمص الأولى والثانية.
لماذا تحتاج الإنسانية إلى الأنبياء؟
Authors: Ibrahim Nuri A.
Published: July 2018

الملخص

عاش بديع الزمان الإمام سعيد النورسي ( 1876 ــ 1960م) الشطر الأخير من عمر سلطنة الدولة العثمانية، التي أصبحت في تلك الفترة يُطلق عليها بالرجل المريض،ويَصْدُقُ عليها قول الإمام النورسي رحمه الله تعالى:((إنَّ الدولة العثمانية حُبلى حالياً بجنين أوربا وستلد يوماً، وأمَّا أوربا فهي أيضاً حبلى بجنين الإسلام وستلدُ يوماً ما))(1)،وذاق في تلك الحقبة حلاوة الإيمان و الإسلام.  وعاش بقية حياته يتقلبُ على جمر من نار على يد الاتحاد والترقي وجلاوزتهم، حيث انقلبت الموازين، واختلت المفاهيم،ونطقت الرويبضة، وخمدت جذوة القيم والمبادئ الإسلامية،ونهضت شوكة الباطل من رقدتها،وأعلنت حربها ضد الإسلام والمسلمين بكل ما أُوتيت من قوة،على شاكلة مَنْ قبلهم أو أَشد مِنَ الكفار والمنافقين والمشركين؛ الذين كانوا يتخبطون في ظلام وضلال الجهالة، فحانت ساعة بعث رسولٍ إليهم،في كل زمان و مكان تحدثُ فيه هذه الفوضى العارمة،التي تؤدي إلى اختلال التوازن في ميزان القيم والأخلاق، ورجحان كفة الشر والشرك بما تحمله من معان؛ فكانت الحاجة ماسةً إلى الأنبياء لتصحيح المسار،وإعادة التوازن إلى الميزان المختل لتصحيح مسار البشرية.وهذا ما يوضحه الإمام سعيد النورسي من خلال رسائل النور،رحمك الله يانورسي.
ده‌م دگوتنێن مه‌زناندا
Authors: Hadi Parwin R.
Published: July 2018

پوخته‌:ده‌می گرنگیه‌كا مه‌زن د ژیانا مروڤیدا هه‌یه‌، له‌وڕا هه‌ر ژ كه‌ڤندا مروڤی هه‌می كار وبزاڤێن خوه‌ و گورانكاریێن سروشتی د چوارچووڤێ ده‌میدا رێكخستینه‌، و ژلایێ خوه‌ڤه‌ ده‌م ژی ل سه‌ر چه‌ندین پشك و قوناغان پارڤه‌كرینه‌ داكو ب دروستی بزانن كا د كیژ پارچه‌یا ده‌میدا دژین و خوه‌ بو گورانكاریێن و تایبه‌تمه‌ندیێن وی پارچه‌یێ بگونجینن. ئه‌ڤ چه‌نده‌ بوو ئه‌گه‌ر كو مروڤ ده‌ست ب دانانا روژژمێر وسالنامه‌یان بو رێكخستن وتێگه‌هشتنا ده‌می بكه‌تن. ملله‌تێ كورد ژی هه‌ر ژ كه‌ڤندا هه‌ست ب گورانكاریێن ده‌می د وه‌لاتێ خوه‌دا كریه‌ وب بورینا ده‌می و ب وه‌رگرتنا سه‌ربوڕان جوره‌ سالنامه‌یه‌كا زاره‌كی یا تایبه‌ت ب كوردستانێڤه‌‌ دانایه‌، و داكو ئه‌ڤ سه‌ربوره‌ ب ساناهی دناڤ كه‌سێن جڤاكیدا وبه‌ره‌بابێن داهاتیدا به‌لاڤ ببن ئه‌وان ئه‌ڤ چه‌نده‌ د چوارچووڤێ چه‌ندین گوتنێن كورت و رێكخستیدا دارشتینه‌. ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كولینه‌ هه‌ول دده‌ت كو ب رێكا گوتنێن مه‌زنان گرنگیا ده‌می ل ده‌ف ملله‌تێ كورد بده‌ته‌ نیاسین، وخواندنه‌كه‌ بو قوناغێن ده‌می دناڤ ملله‌تێ كورددا داكو تێگه‌هشتن وفه‌لسه‌فا كوردی بو ده‌می ئاشكه‌را بكه‌تن.‌
بكارئینانا فۆلكلۆر و كه‌له‌پورى د هۆزانێن مه‌لا خه‌لیلێ مشه‌ختى دا
Authors: Nabe Jutyar I. , Ahmed Dawlat M. , Khaleel Kawan I.
Published: July 2018

پوخته‌:ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ ده‌رباره‌ى (ڕه‌نگڤه‌دانا فۆلكلۆرى ل سه‌ر زمانێ ئه‌ده‌بى یێ هۆزانێن مه‌لا خه‌لیلێ مشه‌ختى)دایه‌. ڤه‌كولین به‌حسێ هه‌مه‌جۆرى و هه‌مه‌ ڕه‌نگییا فۆلكلۆرى دكه‌ت، دیسان كارتێكرنا بارودۆخ و ڕه‌وشا خراپییا ژیانا وى وه‌ختى یا هۆزانڤانێ ناڤبرى و هه‌ر ئه‌و بارودۆخ ژى هێڤێنێ ئه‌ڤێ چه‌ندێ بوویه‌ . له‌وما دیاردا فۆلكلۆرى ژى بابه‌ته‌كێ گرنگه‌ د به‌رهه‌مێن ئه‌ده‌بى دا ب گشتى و هۆزان ب تایبه‌تى ، چونكى فۆلكلۆر ژى جۆره‌كێ ئه‌ده‌بیێ گرنگه‌ د ئه‌ده‌بیاتا هه‌ر میلله‌ته‌كى ، له‌ورا چه‌وانییا بكارئینانا فۆلكلۆرى ل ده‌ف هۆزانڤانى ب شێوه‌كێ تایبه‌تمه‌نده‌ ل دویف كاودان و ره‌وشا ئه‌و تێدا ده‌رباز بووى.
ئاڤاكرنا كه‌سایه‌تیێ د چیرۆكێن زارۆكاندا
Authors: Saleh Mohsen A. , Ibrahim Aram Y.
Published: July 2018

پوخته‌:ئاڤاكرنا كه‌سایه‌تیێ ئێك ژ بنه‌مایێن هه‌ره‌سه‌ره‌كیه‌ د پروسێسا ئاڤاكرنا ده‌قێ ئه‌ده‌بیدا، ب تایبه‌تى ئه‌و ده‌قێن شێوازكێ چیرۆكى ل به‌رخودكرن. چونكو كه‌سایه‌تى ب وێنه‌كرنا رویدانا و كار و كریاران رادبیت و هه‌ر ئه‌ون گرێیان د چیرۆكێدا په‌یدادكه‌ن و دگه‌هیننه‌ ئاستێن هه‌ره‌ ئالۆز و پاشى هه‌ولا چاره‌سه‌رییا ئه‌وان گرێیان دكه‌ن. چونكو كه‌سایه‌تى ره‌گه‌زه‌كێ سه‌ره‌كیه‌ د بنیاتێ هونه‌ریێ چیرۆكا زارۆكاندا، له‌ورا یا پێدڤیه‌ ئه‌ڤ كه‌سایه‌تیه‌ وه‌كو ئه‌رك و كار و كریار ل ئاستێ هزرمه‌ندییا زارۆكى بیت و ل گه‌ل ڕه‌هه‌ندێن ده‌روونى یێن زارۆكى بگونجیت. د ئه‌ڤێ ڤه‌كۆلینێدا مه‌ هه‌ولدایه‌ جۆرێن كه‌سایه‌تیێ و ئاوایێ وان د چیرۆكا زارۆكاندا ب شێوه‌كێ تیورى و پراكتیكى روهن و ئاشكرابكه‌ین.
الشيخ احمد بن اسماعيل الكوراني جهوده العلمية ومنهجه في الحديث من خلال كتابه (الكوثر الجاري الى رياض أحاديث بخارية)
Authors: Alwarmely Farsat A.Y.
Published: July 2018

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HIERARKI SASTRA POPULER DALAM ARENA SASTRA INDONESIA KONTEMPORER
Authors: Karnanta Kukuh Yudha
Published: July 2018

Artikel berjudul Hierarki Sastra Populer dalam Arena Sastra Indonesia Kontemporer ini merupakan ikhtiar untuk mendeskripsikan, memahami, dan mengeksplisitkan kondisi kealaman sastra Indonesia kekinian yang menjadi latar kemunculan karya sastra yang diberi label ‘populer’. Karya sastra ‘populer’ sesungguhnya selalu muncul di setiap periode dengan problematikayang kurang lebih mirip: apakah populer itu, siapa yang menyebutnya ‘populer’, apa implikasi dari pelabelan ‘populer’, dan bagaimana modus kemunculan serta keberadaannya. Dengan pemahaman bahwa tidak ada satu pun praktik labelisasi yang tidak mengandung implikasi estetis dan sosiologis, artikel ini disusun dengan pendekatan Strukturalisme Genetik yang digagas Pierre Bourdieu. Pendekatan tersebut, yang lantas melahirkan teori Arena Produksi Kultural, berguna untuk mengidentifikasi kontestasi simbolik yang terjadi diantara agen-agen sastra yang bertarung untuk mendapatkan posisi tertentu dalam arena sastra Indonesia kontemporer.
INVESTIGATION OF DIGGING MACHINES FOR CONSTRUCTION BY THE “DIAPHRAGM WALL” METHOD
Authors: Kadyrov A. S. , Kurmasheva B. K. , Zhunusbekova Zh. Zh. , Karsakova A. Zh.
Published: July 2018

Introduction.Construction in Kazakhstan is one of the leading sectors that has a significant impact on the development of a large number of related industries of the Republic of Kazakhstan. No construction is complete without road construction equipment. Despite the positive developments in the industry including the park of the main construction machinery, things are still more difficult than that. The acquisition of new machine base, with working bodies’ equipment is very expensive. It is economically expedient to develop hinged working bodies on the basic machines existing in Kazakhstan enterprises.

Materials and methods.According to the demonstrated problem, the article considers the method of morphological analysis to identify new types of working bodies of digging machines. Moreover, the main classification features of the working bodies of excavating machines are determined in the research and the number of trajectories of the working element’s movement is established.

Results.The constructed morphological tree is presented and as a result of such method, the 484 possible and existing designs of working bodies of excavating machines are revealed. A set of conditions for excluding the unacceptable options for hydro mechanical and mechanical working bodies from the hypothetical working bodies is formulated.

Discussion and conclusions. Suspended tunneling equipment could be used for both trenching and well drilling, and such processes are evidenced by the patent for the design.
COMPARISON OF ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS BETWEEN TROLLEY AND BUS OPERATION PROCESS ACCORDING TO ECOLOGICAL FACTOR
Authors: Glushkova Yu. O. , Pahomova A. V. , Asoyan A. R.
Published: July 2018

Introduction. The article presents the results of the comprehensive comparative study of economic efficiency of the rolling stock on urban transport, such as trolley with dynamic charging and diesel bus, in order to solve a new problem for a large city of identifying more profitable vehicle in terms of economic, environmental and time factors.

Materials and methods. Such methods as index, comparison methods and methods of analytical calculations and dynamic series analysis are applied in the research.

Results. As a result, the algorithm of the transport mode choosing and step by step instructions of the comparison, wherein the integrated approach to the assessment of performance, was established. In addition, the necessity of supposed recommendations’ application on implementation of comparison process of technical, operational and economic indicators, which take into account the revealed advantages and shortcomings of the existing types of the rolling stock was proved on the basis of the hybrid trolley and bus on diesel fuel.

Discussion and conclusions. The statistical study of dynamics’ series of environmentally friendly urban modes of passenger transport by the following factors as the operational length of trolley and tram routes, volume of passenger traffic on public transport in the Russian Federation and also in Volga Federal District and its regions. The model of step-by-step process of calculation of transportations’ prime cost by alternative modes of transport is offered on the example of trolley with dynamic recharging and city bus.
QUESTION OF APPLICABILITY OF THE CALCULATION ASSESSMENT METHOD OF RESISTANCE FOR DETAILS AFTER THERMAL DIFFUSION HARDENING
Authors: Ovsyannikov V. E. , Vasilyev V. I.
Published: July 2018

Introduction.The article discusses the question of applicability of the calculation assessment method of resistance for details from gray cast iron after thermal diffusion hardening. The purpose of research is to check applicability of the calculated model for determination of intensity in case of the variable blanket hardness.

Materials and methods.The model of intensity dependence on contact of two disks of friction gear is used in the research. Calculated determination of parameters is executed in two options: contact of the steel disk and disk from gray cast iron with the strengthened layer, and contact of the steel disk and disk from the tempered high-strength cast iron. Thus, roughness corresponding to the earned extra surface in contact zone is created. Experimental check of received results is carried out by means of specific work of abrasive wear definition for gray cast iron with the strengthened layer and the high-strength tempered cast iron.

Results.As a result, it was established that the resistance of details from gray cast iron with the strengthened layer is comparable to high-strength cast iron after hardening. The results of experimental check prove the obtained calculations since the parameters values of resistance received would be well coordinated. Therefore, the possibility of the calculated resistant technique usage for such case could be considered as proved one and, therefore, it could be used at design calculations of the frictional units containing details from gray cast iron with the strengthened layer.

Discussion and conclusions.The considered way of superficial hardening needs to be applied depending on features of operation on frictional unit. In such case, when the allowed values of wear change in wide limits (for example, brakes, coupling, etc.) it would be better not to subject a blanket to machining where the formation of optimum parameters of friction surfaces happened in natural way, or it would be necessary to delete an allowance. This suggests that the calculation method of the determination of layer resistance enables to define concrete values of an allowance which needs to be deleted.
TRENDS OF THE MUNICIPAL AREAS OF OMSK REGION DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY. ESTIMATION WITH THE APPLICATION OF GIS TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Korableva A. A. , Sheveleva O. G.
Published: July 2018

Introduction.The article is devoted to the revealing of the tendencies of social and economic development and to economic security of the territories. The research summarizes the concept of economic security of the territory and the ways of its evaluation, also presents the author’s methodology for determining the trends in the development of municipal areas by the context of economic security on the example of Omsk region.

Materials and methods.Indices of economic security in the economic, social and financial spheres and an integrated index are calculated, basing on the data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for Omsk Region, which characterize the socio-economic development of municipal regions. The grouping of the obtained values and their visualization with the help of GIS technologies helps to demonstrate the development tendencies of the municipal areas of Omsk region.

Results.The article substantiates the ways of grouping the indices of economic security and their visual representation for assessing the trends of socio-economic development of municipal areas. As a result, the tendencies of social and economic development of the municipal districts of Omsk region in 20142016 are demonstrated in the context of economic security based on the author’s methodology.

Discussion and conclusions.The revealed positive trends in the development of municipal districts’ economy of Omsk region are offset by negative trends in the social sphere. Therefore, most of the municipal districts of Omsk region are classified as “moderate implementation of threats” to the level of economic security in 2016. The revealed tendencies reflect problematic issues, to which the municipal and regional authorities of Omsk region should pay special attention.
Alteridad e injusticia: el problema de las representaciones imaginarias de los otros
Authors: Cuadros Contreras Raúl
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo expone una indagación en torno al problema de la injusticia y su relación con la alteridad, a partir de la perspectiva del filósofo belga Chaim Perelman. Tiene como finalidad mostrar que en las diferentes representaciones estéticas se pueden evidenciar maneras determinadas de concebir a los otros. De esta forma, aquellas representaciones nos proporcionan una definición de la alteridad a partir de la cual emanan ciertas nociones de justicia, pues la forma de concebir al otro determina los modos de relacionanrse y de tratar con él.
Community outbreak of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease in Beaujolais, France, February to June 2016: from alert to targeted vaccination
Authors: Thabuis Alexandra , Tararbit Karim , Taha Muhamed-Kheir , Dejour-Salamanca Dominique , Ronin Vincent , Parent du Chatelet Isabelle , Spaccaferri Guillaume
Published: July 2018

In February and March 2016, four cases of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) occurred over 3 weeks in a small area north of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, France. There were no deaths but two cases had sequelae. This community outbreak was caused by a rare meningococcal strain of the clonal complex ST-32, covered by the 4CMenB/Bexsero vaccine. The incidence rate for serogroup B IMD in this area was 22.5 per 100,000 inhabitants, which is above the epidemic threshold (10/100,000). The number of cases observed was significantly higher than expected in the age group of 0–24 year-olds (standardised incidence ratio: 96). These results suggested the potential emergence of this invasive strain in this sub-population. In accordance with French recommendations, it was decided to vaccinate the population aged between 2 months and 24 years, living, working or studying in the epidemic area. The vaccination campaign took place from April to September 2016. Vaccination coverage was estimated at 47% for one dose and 40% for two doses. The lowest coverage estimations were observed for the age groups younger than 3 and 15–19 years. Enhanced epidemiological and microbiological surveillance reported a fifth case in June 2016, outside the epidemic area.
Corporate Board Diversity and Sustainability Reporting: A Study of Selected Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Anazonwu Helen Obiageli , Egbunike Francis Chinedu , Gunardi Ardi
Published: July 2018

The objective of the study is to ascertain the influence of corporate board diversity on sustainability reporting on a sample of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study adopts a panel research design. The population of the study comprised quoted manufacturing companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. This was restricted to companies classified under conglomerates, consumer goods, and, industrial goods sector. The study used secondary data, extracted from the annual reports of the studied manufacturing companies. Fixed effects panel regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The dependent variable sustainability reporting was measured using an Economic, Social, and Governance (ESG) index, the independent variables were board member nationality, proportion of women directors, proportion of non-executive directors, and multiple directorships. The results show no significant positive influence of board member nationality, while proportion of women directors, proportion of non-executive directors, and multiple directorships were significant. The study recommends among others, the adoption of NSE Sustainability Disclosure Guidelines for a unified integrated reporting framework for Nigerian firms, secondly, a heterogeneous board composition, which can leverage on the diverse set of skills of board members.
Clinical Variability of Landmark Collection in an Imageless Robot-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty System
Authors: Khare Rahul , Jaramaz Branislav
Published: July 2018

Use of computer-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty systems enable more accurate implant placement, better tissue balancing and improved leg alignment. Image-free computer-assisted TKA systems rely on accurate identification of femoral and tibial landmarks to guide the implant planning process. Previously, researchers have studies the variability in collection of these landmark positions and the impact of this variability on the final implant position. Here, for the first time, we present a study assessing the variability of seven landmarks during anonymized clinical cases. Of all the landmarks, we found that there was maximum variability in collection of the femoral anterior notch point.
Robot-assisted screw fixation in upper cervical spine using TiRobot system: an accurate and reliable procedure
Authors: Yuan Qiang , Wu Jingye , Liu Yajun , Xing Yonggang , Zhang Yong , Tian Wei
Published: July 2018

Screw fixation in upper cervical spine surgery is one of the most challenging spinal procedures. For that reason, the free-hand techniques are not a reliable procedure in upper cervical spine. Wei Tian reported the first posterior C1-2 transarticular screw fixation which was assisted by robotic systems using TiRobot system in 2016. Our study was aimed to assess the accuracy and reliability of screw fixation in upper cervical spine prospectively.

All the patients undergoing screw fixation assisted by robotic system (TiRobot) in upper cervical spine were prospectively studied from August 2015 to January 2018 in Beijing Jishuitan hospital. During surgeries, intraoperatively obtained images by C-arm were transferred into the TiRobot system and three-dimensional images were created. Surgeons' plannings of the screw trajectories were performed in TiRobot system. Afterwards, the robot arm with a guidance tube on its end was automatically moved to the entry point of each trajectory and held still. Guiding pins were inserted and followed by cannulated or conventional screws placements. A fluoroscopic re-scan by C-arm was performed, and the merging of two sets of images demonstrated the deviations between the planned and real trajectories. The deviations were analyzed and any intraoperative difficulties or errors were recorded. Postoperatively, any screw perforations were reviewed and recorded on CT scan images.

Twenty-six patients (13 males/13 females) were included in this study. The average age was forty-nine. The underlying diseases of these patients covered dens fractures, Hangman's fractures, congenial and acquired deformities. 64 screws were placed assisted by TiRobot system. The average deviation between the planned and real trajectories was 0.9 mm. No screw perforations were detected on postoperative CT scans.

Cervical spine, particularly the upper cervical spine has small size bony structures, higher accuracy requirements are significantly important. The results of our study showed only 0.9 mm deviations between planned and real trajectories occurred. This level of accuracy allowed safe and accurate placement of screws in upper cervical spine and no screw perforations were observed. For that reasons, screw fixation in upper cervical spine is an accurate and reliable procedure using TiRobot system.
Robot assisted midline lumbar fusion with cortical bone trajectory screw
Authors: He Da , Yuan Qiang , Hu Lin , Tian Wei
Published: July 2018

Objective: Midline lumbar fusion with cortical bone trajectory(CBT) screw is a novel technique operation, robot system is the new developed system which can help CBT insertion. In this retrospective study, we compare the CBT accuracy by the assistance of navigation system and robot system. Clinical result is also compared.

Result: 55 patients were involved in this retrospective study, 29 patients are assisted by navigation system, 26 patients are by robot system. Mean follow-up is over 12 months. The mean VAS is significant improved at the final follow up for navigation group from 6.2±1.5 to 3.2±1.1(back pain), 7.5±0.9 to1.8±0.7(leg pain), same as the robot system from 6.8±1.5 to 2.9±0.8(back pain), 7.7±1.0 to 1.6±0.8 (leg pain). The JOA score pre-operation is 14.7±4.5 and 14.5±4.1 for navigation and robot system, at the final follow up, it is 24.3±4.2 and 23.9±4.4. the number of penetration cortex has no difference between 2 groups(n=0.363).

Conclusion: MIDLF with CBT screw is effective for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. Using navigation and robot system will help the insertion of CBT screw safety and accurate, robot can release the surgeon from part of aiming work.
Accuracy of Mechanical Cup Alignment Device based on Functional Pelvic Plane in DAA-THA with Supine Position
Authors: Nakasone Satoshi , Ishihara Masato , Taira Hiroyuki , Takaesu Mika , Chinen Shuko , Miyata Yoshihide , Kanaya Fuminori
Published: July 2018

Pelvic rotation during cup impaction causes excessive cup anteversion should be considered in direct anterior approach or anterior lateral approach total hip arthroplasty (THA) with supine position. There are two intraoperative support mechanical devices for THAs in supine position, one is based on functional pelvic plane (FPP) and the other is based on anatomical pelvic plane (APP). The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of two mechanical devices based on FPP or APP in THA with supine position.

The subjects of this study were 90 hips of 80 patients who underwent DAA-THA in a supine position using HipPointer® based on FPP (Pointer group). The other subjects of this study were 29 hips of 27 patients using HipCOMPASS® (Lexi, Tokyo) based on APP (COMPASS group). There are no significant differences in age, gender and BMI between the two groups.

Cup inclination and anteversion angle in Pointer group and COMPASS group were 40.2° (33-48°), 40.7° (33-47°), and 16.5° (9-26°), 17.5° (10-27°), respectively. There are no significant differences in cup inclination and anteversion angle between Pointer group and COMPASS group. Nor were there any significant differences in the absolute value errors for cup inclination and anteversion angle (inclination angle; 2.5°±2.1 vs 2.4° ±2.0、P=0.45) (Anteversion; 2.7°±2.4 vs 3.0°±2.0、P=0.23).

New developed mechanical navigation device based on intraoperative FPP by correction of axially rotated pelvis to surgical bed plane in the DAA-THA is an simple and useful device which accuracy of cup alignment didn’t show significant differences compared with the device based on intraoperative APP with reference of pubic symphysis.
Development of 3D Printed Bone Reduction with Fracture Lines in Different Color
Authors: Idram Irwansyah , Yu-Wen Tseng , Jiing-Yih Lai , Chao-Yaug Liao , Pei-Yuan Lee
Published: July 2018

The bone fragment and fracture lines may not clear enough to be visualized after bone reduction and may be hidden behind other bones. A 3D printing technology can be used to deal with this drawbacks. A series of algorithms were developed to ensure that two adjacent bone fragments fabricated can be assembled successfully. In this study, we developed a bone reduction algorithm, and a mesh-overlapping detection and removal algorithm to ensure that two 3D-printed fragments are easily assembled and disassembled. In addition, we also developed a method to detect and extract fracture boundary from two adjacent fragments, and then apply a multi-color 3D printing technology to fabricate the assembled bone fragments. The advantage of the proposed method is that we can show the status of 3D-printed bone fragments before and after bone reduction, with fracture lines printed in different color.
An Easy-to-Use Portable Ultrasound Based Device for the Measurement of the Pelvic Tilt
Authors: Dardenne Guillaume , Pluchon Jean-Philippe , Guezou-Philippe Aziliz , Letissier Hoel , Hamitouche Chafiaa , Lefèvre Christian , Stindel Eric
Published: July 2018

The orientation of the cup in Total Hip Arthroplasty plays a major role on the post- operative results. It has been considered for several decades that the cup should be oriented according to the safe zone defined by Lewinnek. However, this safe zone is not always suitable because of the inter-individual variability of the pelvic tilt during daily activities. We propose in this paper a non-invasive ultrasound based solution which can easily measure this patient specific parameter in order to thereafter otimise the cup orientation. The accuracy of this system was assessed with a specific pelvic phantom. A clinical pilot study was also performed on ten patients. The pelvic tilt was measured in three daily positions: the supine, sitting and standing positions. The average error was 1.15°±0.82°. The average pelvic tilt was -97.1°±28.6°, -46.3°±12.8° and -9.0°±8.3° for respectively the supine, the sitting and the standing positions. The high inter-individual variability of the pelvic tilt in different daily positions highlight the need to have a suitable device for the measurement of this patient specific parameter for THA. The proposed system is easy-to-use, portable and allows the pelvic tilt measurement in different positions without any additional x-ray radiation.
Application of a novel customized guide template in percutaneous pedicle screw placement: an in vitro study
Authors: Wu Su-Hua , Zheng Guo , Chen Jian-Hua , Wang Sheng-Hai
Published: July 2018

In open surgery for spine stabilization, the pedicle screws are often placed using patient-specific guide templates since they can improve the screw placement accuracy and simplify surgery. However, the conventional fit-and-lock template requires full exposure of the bony structures and is therefore not suitable for minimally invasive procedures. In this study, we constructed a novel guide template for percutaneous pedicle screw placement. Its feasibility and the accuracy of template-assisted pedicle screw placement were assessed using an excised calf spine model. As a result, all inserted guide wires and 27 of 30 simulated screws (90%) were completely in the pedicle. The remaining screws (10%) penetrated by less than 2 mm. The average distance and angular deviations of the guide wires were 1.46±0.60 mm and 1.10±0.84°. Our study demonstrate that this novel guide template is technically feasible and enhances the accuracy of percutaneous pedicle screw placement. Moreover, it may simplify the surgery and minimize intraoperative radiation. Further research on its clinical applications is warranted.
Deep Learning based Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae from CT Images
Authors: Janssens Rens , Zheng Guoyan
Published: July 2018

We present a method to address the challenging problem of automatic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae from CT images acquired with varying fields of view. Our method is based on cascaded 3D Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) consisting of a localization FCN and a segmentation FCN. More specifically, in the first step we train a regression 3D FCN (we call it “LocalizationNet”) to find the bounding box of the lumbar region. After that, a 3D U-net like FCN (we call it “SegmentationNet”) is then developed, which after training, can perform a pixel-wise multi-class segmentation to map a cropped lumber region volumetric data to its volume-wise labels. Evaluated on publicly available datasets, our method achieved an average Dice coefficient of 95.77 ± 0.81% and an average symmetric surface distance of 0.37 ± 0.06 mm.
Revista E3
Authors: (Edição) Ponteditora
Published: July 2018

Revista completa.
A revalorização do imobiliário e o seu impacto nas Demonstrações Financeiras
Authors: Carapinha Maria da Conceição , Tavares Fernando , Lima Antonieta Maria
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é estudar o impacto nas Demonstrações Financeiras e nos indicadores económicos e financeiros da revalorização de ativos imobiliários, tendo por base a Diretriz do Justo Valor. A metodologia utilizada é o estudo de experimentação. Envolve um estudo profundo e exaustivo, a fim de permitir um amplo e detalhado conhecimento sobre o impacto nas Demonstrações Financeiras e nos indicadores económicos e financeiros empresariais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental. É efetuada uma revisão da literatura sobre o conceito de justo valor, de ativos fixos tangíveis e de propriedades de investimento, e sobre a análise económica e financeira das empresas. Verificou-se que os ajustes de revalorização provenientes de aumentos de ativos imobiliários têm impactos a nível das demonstrações financeiras, a nível dos impostos sobre o rendimento, a nível da avaliação do desempenho dos gestores (de forma negativa) e a nível dos indicadores de solvabilidades, de autonomia financeira e de endividamento.
Decisões de financiamento bancário por parte da banca angolana: o caso do Banco de Poupança e Crédito
Authors: Manuel Benedito , Oliveira Tavares Fernando , Pacheco Luís
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre as ferramentas e técnicas usadas pelo Banco de Poupança e Crédito na análise e avaliação de projetos de investimento dos seus mutuários. Para a prossecução deste objetivo fez-se a comparação dos seus processos de decisão em relação aos apresentados na literatura científica, de modo acompreender a problemática do risco de crédito e do crédito mal parado do banco. A investigação conclui que por se tratar de um banco público, este vê-se forçado a apoiar projetos que de outra forma não seriam aceites. Também se verificou que uma parte do crédito em incumprimento do banco tem origem em clientes alanacados por serviços prestados ao Estado, faltando ao banco exigir as devidas garantias reais ou a aplicação de seguros de crédito. Conclui-se que o problema do banco identifica-se com os decorrentes da informação assimétrica, nomeadamente a seleção adversa e o risco moral.
Serviço pós-venda e fidelização de clientes: estudo de caso numa Farmácia Magistral
Authors: Brito Sayure
Published: July 2018

No mercado atual, o serviço de pós-venda pode ser considerado um diferencial competitivo capaz de ajudar as empresas na fidelização dos seus clientes. Diante do grande número de farmácias de manipulação existentes, as farmácias magistrais buscam a cada dia um diferencial competitivo para a retenção de clientes, já que, somente, oferecer medicamentos com valores acessíveis ou produtos de qualidade não contribui mais para atrair novos clientes ou manter os já existentes. O intuito deste trabalho foi avaliar como o serviço de pós-venda pode contribuir na fidelização e retenção de clientes de uma farmácia de manipulação, compreendendo a sua utilização como ferramenta de apoio aos negócios. Para a mensuração dos resultados, utilizou-se a abordagem quantitativa por meio da pesquisa descritiva e estudo de caso. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado aplicado aos clientes da organização. Os resultados apresentados demonstraram que o consumidor atual valoriza e tende a preferir as organizações que utilizam serviços de pós-venda.
One year of Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências Exatas e da Natureza: Innovations and Perspectives
Authors: Lima Silvio Felipe Barbosa , Da Silva Heydson Henrique Brito , De Lima Eudes Leite , Pinheiro Carlos Davidson
Published: July 2018

It is with great joy that we communicate one year of existence of Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências Exatas e da Natureza (PECEN) and congratulate the editorial team involved in its orchestration. The journal was born in a timid and modest way. However, after only one year, PECEN is already highlighting the national scenario and gathering articles from virtually all regions of Brazil, with the inclusion of researchers linked to important postgraduate programs in the country.
Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from an area of Caatinga in southwestern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Soares Fábio , Da Rocha Patrício Adriano , Ferrari Stephen , Acioli Thiago , Pinto-Sobrinho James Prado
Published: July 2018

A floresta estacional de Caatinga do nordeste do Brasil apresenta dossel contínuo de 15-25 m de altura, com um sub-bosque bem desenvolvido e abundância de cactos, lianas e epífitas. O presente estudo fornece um inventário das espécies de morcegos capturados no município de Caetité, no sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil. No total, foram capturados 68 indivíduos de morcegos, pertencentes a nove espécies e três famílias. A riqueza de espécies estimada para a área através do estimador Jackknife 1, foi 9.9. Os morcegos filostomidaeos foram os mais abundantes, e a espécie Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) foi a dominante. Nossos resultados são consistentes com estudos anteriores realizados na Bahia e no bioma Caatinga, fornecendo dados sobre a estrutura local da comunidade de morcegos. Além disso, destaca a importância de inventários rápidos para compreender a diversidade e distribuição da fauna de morcegos.

Palavras chave: Assembléia de morcegos, Caatinga, Caetité, inventário rápido.

Abstract: The seasonal deciduous Caatinga scrub forest of northern Brazil has a continuous canopy of 15–25 m in height, with a well-developed understory, and abundant cacti, lianas, and epiphytes. The present study provides an inventory of the bat species recorded in the municipality of Caetité, in southwestern Bahia, Brazil. Sixty-eight individuals were captured, belonging to nine species and three families. The Jackknife 1 procedure estimated a species richness of 9.9. The phyllostomid bats were the most abundant, and Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) was captured most frequently. Our results are consistent with previous studies conducted in Bahia and the Caatinga, providing data on the local bat community structure. It also highlights the importance of rapid inventories for the understanding of the diversity and distribution of the bat fauna.

Key words: Bat assemblage, Caatinga, Caetité, rapid inventories.
Note on bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in a Restinga area of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Authors: Soares Fábio , Daher Marcela , Perrelli Raul , Moreno José Armando Torres , Ferrari Stephen
Published: July 2018

Atualmente, quarenta e uma espécies de morcegos são conhecidas para as restingas do Brasil. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos sobre morcegos das restingas são limitados às regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil, deixando a região nordeste com uma lacuna de conhecimento. O presente artigo apresenta dados sobre morcegos capturados em três áreas de restinga do município de Tibau do Sul, Rio Grande do Norte, levantados a partir de uma amostragem de curta duração. Redes de neblina para captura de morcegos foram armadas próximas ao solo e sobre o corpo d’água. Foram capturados 38 indivíduos de seis espécies de duas famílias: cinco Phyllostomidae e um Molossidae. O morcego Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) foi a espécie mais abundante. Apresentamos aqui a primeira lista de morcegos capturados em área de restinga para o Rio Grande do Norte.

Palavras chave: Molossidae, Nordeste, Novo registro, Phyllostomidae, Tibau do Sul.

Abstract: Currently, forty-one species of bats are known to occur in the restingas of Brazil. However, most studies on restingas’ bats are limited to the south and southeastern regions of Brazil, leaving the northeastern region with a gap of knowledge. The present article presents data on bats captured in three areas of restinga of the municipality of Tibau do Sul, Rio Grande do Norte, collected from a short-term sampling. Mist nets were used to capture bats near the ground and the water bodies. Were captured 38 individuals of six species and two families: five Phyllostomidae and one Molossidae. The bat Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) was the most abundant species. We present here the first list of bats captured in the restinga area for the Rio Grande do Norte State.

Key words: Molossidae, New record, Northeast, Phyllostomidae, Tibau do Sul.
New records of Albardia furcata van der Weele, 1903 (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae, Albardiinae) from Paraíba, with notes on a predator species
Authors: Pereira-Colavite Alessandre , Braga Izabela Souza , Dos Santos Wellington Emanuel
Published: July 2018

Novos registros do raro ascalafídeo Albardia furcata van der Weele, 1903 são fornecidos para o estado da Paraíba, na Caatinga e Mata Atlântica, incluindo quatro novas localidades. Um mapa referencial está incluído para os espécimes registrados. O primeiro relato da mosca predadora Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann, 1830) em indivíduos mortos de A. furcata é registrado.

Palavras chave: Ascalafídeo, Caatinga, Mata Atlântica, Sarcophagidae.

Abstract: New records of the rare owlfly Albardia furcata van der Weele, 1903 are provided from the state of Paraiba, in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest, including four new localities. A referential map is included to the recorded specimens. The first report of the predator fly Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann, 1830) on dead body of A. furcata is registered.

Key words: Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, owlfly, Sarcophagidae.
Predation of Hemidactylus mabouia (Sauria: Gekkonidae) by a vine snake Oxybelis aeneus  (Serpentes: Colubridae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Franzini Lissa Dellefrate , Pedro Carmem Karime Bacalháo , Cavalcanti Lucas Barbosa De Queiroga , Mesquita Daniel Oliveira
Published: July 2018

Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) é uma espécie de serpente arborícola de ampla distribuição no continente americano cuja dieta é composta principalmente por vertebrados, como lagartos. Diversas espécies de lagartos já foram reportadas como presas desta serpente, incluindo a espécie exótica Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnèes, 1818). Aqui descrevemos em detalhes um evento de predação de H. mabouia por O. aeneus,  ampliando o conhecimento acerca da história natural  de ambas as espécies à literatura científica.

Palavras chave: Dieta, ecologia alimentar, lagarto, presa, serpente.

Abstract: Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) is an arboreal snake species that is widely distributed in the American continent whose diet is composed mainly by vertebrates, such as lizards. Several lizard species have already been reported as prey of this snake, including the alien species Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jones, 1818). Herein we describe in details a predation event of H. mabouia by O. aeneus, widening our knowledge regarding the natural history of both species to scientific literature.

Key words: Diet, feed ecology, lizard, prey, snake.
KINERJA USAHA PENGGILINGAN PADI, STUDI KASUS PADA TIGA USAHA PENGGILINGAN PADI DI CIANJUR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Putri Tursina Andita , Kusnadi Nunung , Rachmina Dwi
Published: July 2018

It is assumed that government policy to protect farmer’s income by maintaining a high grain price that leads to a high production cost of  rice milling combine with a policy that keeping the rice at relatively low price to protect consumer, causes a low profit of rice milling business. To prove it, multiple case study was conducted to portray the performance of rice milling business by identifying and analyzing the cost and revenue structure of rice milling business. In this study, three types (maklon, non maklon, and combination of both) of rice milling business were selected. The biggest cost of rice milling business is the cost of purchasing grain, while the main revenue derived from rice. The rice milling business can still tolerate a 9.81 persent increase of the grain price. It is equal to the maximum price of grain Rp 4281,93 per kg GKP. While the decline in the price of rice that can still be tolerated is of 10.34 percent that’s referred to a minimum price of rice Rp 8120.00 per kg. The largest proportion of the rice milling business profit is not derived from rice as main product but from the by product such as rice bran, rice husk, broken rice, and groats. Type of businees, price of inputs and outputs, and by-product management would be the key variables that determine the business performance. These variables should be more studied in the future research.
ALOKASI SUMBERDAYA KAWASAN HUTAN RAKYAT KABUPATEN SUKABUMI, JAWA BARAT: PENDEKATAN MULTI-OBJECTIVE PROGRAMMING
Authors: Fahmi Innike Abdillah , Winandi Ratna , Kusnadi Nunung
Published: July 2018

The economic and ecological objectives in the development of private forest are conflicting, thus led to deforestation. The objectives of the study were to analyze  factors affecting farmers’s decision in determining for the aim (economic or ecological objectives) of their land management by using logistic regession, and  to analyze resources allocation in private forest that gives the best compromise solution between economic and ecological objectives by multi-objective programming approach and scenarios. The result shows that farmers are still economic oriented in determining the aim of their land management, mostly affected by number of farm household, off-farm income, participation in farmer group meeting, participation in extention meeting and farmer’s experiance in farm factors. Land management scenario that the closest to the target value (Rp 39.907 billion per year) is land management with minimum land area requirement, so that the value received by farmers is Rp 21.038 billion per year. Capital is a limitting factor in optimizing the use of available resources.
PERAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO TERHADAP PENGUATAN USAHATANI KUBIS DI KECAMATAN SUKAPURA KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Sa’diyah Ana Arifatus , Dyanasari Dyanasari
Published: July 2018

Basically, financial service institution in a form of micro financial institution (MFI) is strongly needed to support the rural economic development especially as an institution to facilitate the farming business cost. This is caused by the fact that most of farmers face the technology adoption since it is weak in capital budget. This condition happens on the cabbage farmers who is facing the eruption of Bromo Mountain in Sukapura District, Probolinggo Regency. The aims of this research are to investigate the conception of potatoes farm (cost, supply, benefits and R/C) factors that influence the vegetables farm productivity in Sukapura, dan the role of microfinance on farm. The research was conducted in Ngadisari and Ngadirejo with purposive sampling method. Data which is obtained from the research is analyzed using R/C and Cobb-Douglass function. The results show that potatoes farm is beneficial with R/C value >1, the vegetables production are influenced by seeds, land area, biofertilizer, labor, perticides and microfinance have significant role on helping the farm.