bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Documented Goals of Care Among Hospitalized Patients with High Mortality Risk: a Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Auriemma Catherine L. , Song Anne , Walsh Lake , Han Jason J. , Yapalater Sophia R. , Bain Alexander , Haines Lindsay , Scott Stefania , Whitman Casey , Taylor Stephanie P. , Halpern Scott D. , Courtright Katherine R.
Published: May 2024

Background

The ability to classify patients’ goals of care (GOC) from clinical documentation would facilitate serious illness communication quality improvement efforts and pragmatic measurement of goal-concordant care. Feasibility of this approach remains unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of classifying patients’ GOC from clinical documentation in the electronic health record (EHR), describe the frequency and patterns of changes in patients’ goals over time, and identify barriers to reliable goal classification.

Design

Retrospective, mixed-methods chart review study.

Participants

Adults with high (50–74%) and very high (≥ 75%) 6-month mortality risk admitted to three urban hospitals.

Main Measures

Two physician coders independently reviewed EHR notes from 6 months before through 6 months after admission to identify documented GOC discussions and classify GOC. GOC were classified into one of four prespecified categories: (1) comfort-focused, (2) maintain or improve function, (3) life extension, or (4) unclear. Coder interrater reliability was assessed using kappa statistics. Barriers to classifying GOC were assessed using qualitative content analysis.

Key Results

Among 85 of 109 (78%) patients, 338 GOC discussions were documented. Inter-rater reliability was substantial (75% interrater agreement; Cohen’s kappa = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.60–0.73). Patients’ initial documented goal was most frequently “life extension” (N = 37, 44%), followed by “maintain or improve function” (N = 28, 33%), “unclear” (N = 17, 20%), and “comfort-focused” (N = 3, 4%). Among the 66 patients whose goals’ classification changed over time, most changed to “comfort-focused” goals (N = 49, 74%). Primary reasons for unclear goals were the observation of concurrently held or conditional goals, patient and family uncertainty, and limited documentation.

Conclusions

Clinical notes in the EHR can be used to reliably classify patients’ GOC into discrete, clinically germane categories. This work motivates future research to use natural language models to promote scalability of the approach in clinical care and serious illness research.
Overcoming complexity – Research through Design und Backcasting als komplementäre Ansätze zur Antizipation von nachhaltigeren Zukünften
Authors: Gebker Maike , Olvermann Madita , Ohlhoff Maren , Buck Lennart , Engel Bernd , Frerichs Ludger , Glatzel Gerhard , Klabunde Felix , Reis Larissa , Schneider Anne-Kathrin , Schröder Boris , Zonon Samuel , Kauffeld Simone
Published: May 2024

Der Beitrag in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ stellt die interdisziplinäre Erarbeitung von Zukunftsszenarien und Transformationspfaden durch Visualisierungsmethoden dar – dem Research through Design Backcasting. Nachhaltigkeitstransformationen als komplexe Systemtransformationen sind für Unternehmen und Organisationen schwer greifbar. Die systemische Komplexität erschwert die Transformation hin zu einer nachhaltigeren Zukunft. Die Zukünfteforschung stellt eine Möglichkeit dar, Änderungen im System zu verstehen und Transformationspfade abzuleiten. In der methodenreichen Zukünfteforschung und insbesondere im Bereich des angewendeten Backcasting-Prozesses existieren diverse Leitfäden. Für interdisziplinäre Forschungskontexte wird der methodische Einsatz von (Zukunfts‑)Modellen zur Darstellung und Erlebbarmachung von Zukünften und Transformationspfaden noch wenig expliziert. Um diesem Mangel zu begegnen, dient dieser Beitrag zum einen der Einführung des Backcasting-Prozesses in Kombination mit dem Research through Design-Ansatz; zur Erstellung von Entwicklungspfaden zur Transformation in nachhaltigere Zukünfte und zum anderen der Darlegung eines konkreten Fallbeispiels zur Veranschaulichung. Der systematische Forschungsprozess zum Thema „Elektrifizierung der Landwirtschaft im Jahr 2045“ wird schrittweise – vom Projektstart bis zur Entwicklung eines Nachschlagewerkes, inklusive Zielbildern und Transformationspfaden – mit den angewendeten Methoden (u. a. Graphic Recording und Workshops) aufgezeigt und graphisch veranschaulicht. Die Kombination des visualisierungs- und objektgestützen Backcastings erwies sich als vielversprechende Methodik, um das Systemverständnis zu stärken, um die Diskursfähigkeit über nachhaltigere Zukünfte zu erleichtern und um einen kommunizierbaren Output über ein komplexes Zukunftsmodell in Form von Transformationspfaden zu generieren. Auf Basis dessen können Komplexität reduziert sowie Maßnahmen zur Erreichung von nachhaltigeren Zukünften extrahiert und evaluiert werden. Allerdings erfordert das Research through Design-Backcasting eine ständige Neubewertung der Transformation und einen stetigen Abgleich der entstehenden Zukunftsbilder im Forschungsteam. Somit werden eine enge Zusammenarbeit und damit ein zeitlich wie materiell ressourcenintensiver Einsatz erforderlich, der sich aber lohnt, wie wir in dieser Arbeit zeigen.
A two-group canonical variate analysis biplot for an optimal display of both means and cases
Authors: le Roux Niel , Gardner-Lubbe Sugnet
Published: May 2024

Canonical variate analysis (CVA) entails a two-sided eigenvalue decomposition. When the number of groups, J, is less than the number of variables, p, at most $$J-1$$

J
-
1

eigenvalues are not exactly zero. A CVA biplot is the simultaneous display of the two entities: group means as points and variables as calibrated biplot axes. It follows that with two groups the group means can be exactly represented in a one-dimensional biplot but the individual samples are approximated. We define a criterion to measure the quality of representing the individual samples in a CVA biplot. Then, for the two-group case we propose an additional dimension for constructing an optimal two-dimensional CVA biplot. The proposed novel CVA biplot maintains the exact display of group means and biplot axes, but the individual sample points satisfy the optimality criterion in a unique simultaneous display of group means, calibrated biplot axes for the variables, and within group samples. Although our primary aim is to address two-group CVA, our proposal extends immediately to an optimal three-dimensional biplot when encountering the equally important case of comparing three groups in practice.
Access, acceptance and adherence to cancer prehabilitation: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Watts Tessa , Courtier Nicholas , Fry Sarah , Gale Nichola , Gillen Elizabeth , McCutchan Grace , Patil Manasi , Rees Tracy , Roche Dominic , Wheelwright Sally , Hopkinson Jane
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic review is to better understand access to, acceptance of and adherence to cancer prehabilitation.

Methods

MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, ProQuest Medical Library, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and grey literature were systematically searched for quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies published in English between January 2017 and June 2023. Screening, data extraction and critical appraisal were conducted by two reviewers independently using Covidence™ systematic review software. Data were analysed and synthesised thematically to address the question ‘What do we know about access, acceptance and adherence to cancer prehabilitation, particularly among socially deprived and minority ethnic groups?’

The protocol is published on PROSPERO CRD42023403776

Results

Searches identified 11,715 records, and 56 studies of variable methodological quality were included: 32 quantitative, 15 qualitative and nine mixed-methods. Analysis identified facilitators and barriers at individual and structural levels, and with interpersonal connections important for prehabilitation access, acceptance and adherence. No study reported analysis of facilitators and barriers to prehabilitation specific to people from ethnic minority communities. One study described health literacy as a barrier to access for people from socioeconomically deprived communities.

Conclusions

There is limited empirical research of barriers and facilitators to inform improvement in equity of access to cancer prehabilitation.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

To enhance the inclusivity of cancer prehabilitation, adjustments may be needed to accommodate individual characteristics and attention given to structural factors, such as staff training. Interpersonal connections are proposed as a fundamental ingredient for successful prehabilitation.
High deoxynivalenol and ergot alkaloid levels in wheat grain: effects on growth performance, carcass traits, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters of feedlot cattle
Authors: Bierworth R. M. , Ribeiro G. O. , Terry S. A. , Malmuthuge N , Penner G. B. , McKinnon J. J. , Hucl P. , Randhawa H. , Beauchemin K. A. , Stanford K. , Schwartzkopf-Genswein K. , Yang W. Z. , Gruninger R. , Guan L. L. , Gibb D. , McAllister T. A.
Published: May 2024

This study was designed to assess the impacts of a mixture of deoxynivalenol (DON) and ergot alkaloids (EAs) on growth performance, rumen function, blood parameters, and carcass traits of feedlot cattle. Forty steers (450 ± 6.0 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments; control-low (CON-L), control-high (CON-H) which contained low or high wheat screenings that lacked mycotoxins at the same level as the mycotoxin-low (MYC-L; 5.0 mg/kg DON, 2.1 mg/kg EA), and mycotoxin-high (MYC-H: 10 mg/kg DON, 4.2 mg/kg EA) diets that included wheat screening with mycotoxins. Steers were housed in individual pens for a 112-day finishing trial. Intake was 24.8% lower (P < 0.001) for MYC steers compared to CON steers. As a result, average daily gains of MYC steers were 42.1% lower (P < 0.001) than CON steers. Gain to feed ratio was also lower (P < 0.001) for MYC steers compared to CON steers. Platelets, alanine aminotransferase, globulins, and blood urea nitrogen were lower (P ≤ 0.008), and lymphocytes, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were elevated (P ≤ 0.002) in MYC steers compared to CON steers. Hot carcass weights and backfat thickness were reduced (P < 0.001) in MYC steers, resulting in leaner (P < 0.001) carcasses and higher (P < 0.007) meat yield compared to CON steers. Results suggest that a mixture of DON and EAs negatively impacted health, performance, and carcass traits of feedlot steers, with the majority of this response likely attributable to EAs. However, more research is needed to distinguish the relative contribution of each mycotoxin to the specific responses observed.
Tulane Virus Persistence and Microbial Stability in 3D Food Ink under Various Storage Conditions: A Pre- and Post-Printing Analysis
Authors: Hamilton Allyson N. , Gibson Kristen E.
Published: May 2024

3D food printers facilitate novel customization of the physicochemical properties of food. This study aimed to investigate the impact of storage conditions on the inactivation of the human norovirus surrogate, Tulane virus (TuV), within 3D printed foods. TuV-inoculated protein cookie food ink (∽ 4 log PFU/g) was distributed into 18 3D food printer capsules (50 g each); half immediately underwent extrusion. Storage of the capsules and printed food products at 20 °C (0, 6, 12, and 24 h), 4 °C (0, 1, 3, and 5d), and − 18 °C (0, 1, 3, and 5d) was completed before analysis for TuV via plaque assays in addition to aerobic plate count, yeast and mold counts, and pH and water activity (aw) measurements. A significant 3-way interaction effect was observed between time, temperature, and storage method (capsule/print) (p = 0.006). Significant findings include: (1) A greater reduction in virions was observed in capsules after 24 h at 20 °C and (2) a substantial reduction in virions at 4 °C from day 0 to day 1 was observed, independent of storage method. Microbial indicators remained steady across temperatures, with storage temperature significantly impacting pH and aw. A significant two-way interaction effect (p = 0.006) was found between microorganism type (yeast/aerobic counts) and temperature. This research seeks to provide insights for the food industry and regulatory bodies in crafting guidelines for the safe storage and handling of 3D printed foods and inks.
MicroPredict: predicting species-level taxonomic abundance of whole-shotgun metagenomic data using only 16S amplicon sequencing data
Authors: Jang Chloe Soohyun , Kim Hakin , Kim Donghyun , Han Buhm
Published: May 2024

Background

The importance of the human microbiome in the analysis of various diseases is emerging. The two main methods used to profile the human microbiome are 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S sequencing) and whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGS). Owing to the full coverage of the genome in sequencing, WGS has multiple advantages over 16S sequencing, including higher taxonomic profiling resolution at the species-level and functional profiling analysis. However, 16S sequencing remains widely used because of its relatively low cost. Although WGS is the standard method for obtaining accurate species-level data, we found that 16S sequencing data contained rich information to predict high-resolution species-level abundances with reasonable accuracy.

Objective

In this study, we proposed MicroPredict, a method for accurately predicting WGS-comparable species-level abundance data using 16S taxonomic profile data.

Methods

We employed a mixed model using two key strategies: (1) modeling both sample- and species-specific information for predicting WGS abundances, and (2) accounting for the possible correlations among different species.

Results

We found that MicroPredict outperformed the other machine learning methods.

Conclusion

We expect that our approach will help researchers accurately approximate the species-level abundances of microbiome profiles in datasets for which only cost-effective 16S sequencing has been applied.
Orthogonal trajectories to isoptics of ovals
Authors: Skrzypiec Magdalena , Mozgawa Witold , Naiman Aharon , Pikuta Piotr
Published: May 2024

For a given plane curve, consider a one-parameter family of curves consisting of those points at which two support lines to the initial curve intersect at a constant angle. Such curves are well known in differential and convex geometry and called isoptics. In this paper, we describe parametrizations of orthogonal trajectories to isoptics of ovals. We show that such parametrizations can be obtained using solutions to a specific Cauchy problem constructed from the parametrizations of the oval and its isoptics. Moreover, we provide analytical and numerical examples of orthogonal trajectories to isoptics of some ovals.
Development of a Machine Learning (ML)-Based Computational Model to Estimate the Engineering Properties of Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)
Authors: Polo-Mendoza Rodrigo , Martinez-Arguelles Gilberto , Peñabaena-Niebles Rita , Duque Jose
Published: May 2024

Portland cement concrete (PCC) is the construction material most used worldwide. Hence, its proper characterization is fundamental for the daily-basis engineering practice. Nonetheless, the experimental measurements of the PCC’s engineering properties (i.e., Poisson’s Ratio -v-, Elastic Modulus -E-, Compressive Strength -ComS-, and Tensile Strength -TenS-) consume considerable amounts of time and financial resources. Therefore, the development of high-precision indirect methods is fundamental. Accordingly, this research proposes a computational model based on deep neural networks (DNNs) to simultaneously predict the v, E, ComS, and TenS. For this purpose, the Long-Term Pavement Performance database was employed as the data source. In this regard, the mix design parameters of the PCC are adopted as input variables. The performance of the DNN model was evaluated with 1:1 lines, goodness-of-fit parameters, Shapley additive explanations assessments, and running time analysis. The results demonstrated that the proposed DNN model exhibited an exactitude higher than 99.8%, with forecasting errors close to zero (0). Consequently, the machine learning-based computational model designed in this investigation is a helpful tool for estimating the PCC’s engineering properties when laboratory tests are not attainable. Thus, the main novelty of this study is creating a robust model to determine the v, E, ComS, and TenS by solely considering the mix design parameters. Likewise, the central contribution to the state-of-the-art achieved by the present research effort is the public launch of the developed computational tool through an open-access GitHub repository, which can be utilized by engineers, designers, agencies, and other stakeholders.
The extended persistent homology transform of manifolds with boundary
Authors: Turner Katharine , Robins Vanessa , Morgan James
Published: May 2024

A shortcoming of persistent homology is that when two domains have different numbers of components or holes the persistence diagrams of any filtration will have an infinite distance between them. We address this issue by revisiting the theory of extended persistence, initially developed by Cohen-Steiner, Edelsbrunner and Harer in 2009 to quantify the support of the essential homology classes for Morse functions on manifolds. We simplify the mathematical treatment of extended persistence by formulating it as a persistence module derived from a sequence of relative homology groups for pairs of spaces. Then, for n-manifolds with boundary embedded in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

, we use Morse theory to show that the extended persistent homology of a height function over M can be deduced from the extended persistent homology of the same height function restricted to $$\partial M$$

∂
M

. As an application, we describe the extended persistent homology transform (XPHT); a topological transform which takes as input a shape embedded in Euclidean space, and to each unit vector assigns the extended persistence module of the height function over that shape with respect to that direction. We define a distance between two shapes by integrating over the sphere the distance between the respective extended persistence modules. By using extended persistence we get finite distances between shapes even when they have different numbers of essential classes. We study the application of the XPHT to binary images; outlining an algorithm for efficient calculation of the XPHT exploiting relationships between the PHT of the boundary curves to the extended persistence of the foreground.
Biology, phylogenetic and evolutionary relations of Tradescantia mild mosaic virus isolates from Hungary
Authors: Ágoston János , Almási Asztéria , Pinczés Dóra , Sáray Réka , Salánki Katalin , Palkovics László
Published: May 2024

In Western Transdanubia in 2018 and in Central-Hungary in 2022 spiderwort plants showed flower breaking symptoms and mild mosaic on the foliage, which indicated a potential virus infection. One gram of symptomatic leaf sample was collected at both locations. Potyvirus-specific ELISA tests demonstrated potyvirus infection. To identify the virus species, potyvirus-specific RT-PCR was carried out on the samples. In both samples specific PCR products were detected and cloned into pGEM®-T Easy vector. The nucleotide sequences of the inserts were determined by Sanger sequencing. BLASTn searches on the complete coat protein region of both isolates demonstrated more than 99.87% identity with Tradescantia mild mosaic virus (TraMMV; accession number OL584375). Koch postulates were fulfilled by sap inoculating seed grown spiderwort plants. Phylogenetic analyses of the TraMMV coat protein sequences revealed two distinct evolutionary lineages: a tropical subgroup with at least 97.84% identity within the group and temperate subgroup with at least 98.97% identity within the group. One major difference between the subgroups was in the triplet responsible for vector transmission. The isolates belonging to the tropical subgroup had DAG triplets, while the temperate subgroup had NAG triplets. The difference in the triplets could be caused by natural diversification, directional selection or disruptive selection.

License: CC BY-NC-ND
Expert Elicitation for the Resilient Design and Optimisation of Ultra-long Ore Passes for Deep Mass Mining
Authors: Salmi Ebrahim F. , Phan Tan , Sellers Ewan J. , Stacey Thomas R.
Published: May 2024

Extension of ore pass length has become increasingly critical for optimising energy-efficient underground mining operations. Long and ultra-long ore passes, spanning from 300 to 700 m, can significantly improve the functionality and viability of underground mass mining operations though suboptimal performance has an extremely adverse impact on production. The public domain lacks substantial information regarding the primary engineering, geological, and geotechnical risks and challenges associated with the design, implementation, operation, and maintenance of such long ore passes. Therefore, the aggregation of past experiences and the insights of experts assume paramount significance. An innovative methodology is introduced to address this evident data deficiency and to establish comprehensive guidelines for the resilient design of such lengthy ore passes — combining gap analysis with expert elicitation techniques. This equips design engineers with the necessary tools to formulate and adapt strategies for assessing the numerous challenges and uncertainties that invariably accompany their projects. Expert elicitation techniques are summarised, and a gap analysis is conducted with subject matter experts, from various countries, collating their extensive ore pass design experience, to create a comprehensive list of effective parameters and key risks that must be considered. Quantitative analysis of the survey results enabled the identification and ranking of the numerous factors affecting the design, operation, and maintenance of long and ultra-long ore passes and highlights the complex technical challenges (substantial damage from rock particle impact, increased dynamic mining stresses leading to failure, air-blasts and back blasts, dust, preferential flow, turbulent and dynamic material flow) that are uncommon in shorter ore passes. Additionally, increasing length heightens the probability of intersecting weak rock or discontinuities, leading to a higher risk of structural failure and instabilities. Faulting, folding, and large-scale structures are also critical geological factors to be considered in the design of such structures. The key geotechnical factor is also the rock type surrounding the pass. Experts highlighted the lack of clear guidelines for decision-making, resilient design, and construction so this work suggests future investigations to determine the complex interaction between the effective parameters, using approaches like the rock engineering system, discovery of cascading hazards, and optimal controls.
Mobility and the Social Differentiation of Rural Youth in Australia
Authors: Maire Quentin , Cuervo Hernán
Published: May 2024

Geographical mobility has become an integral element of the biographical trajectories of young people from rural areas. In this paper, we contend that theories of rural-urban inequality tend to unduly homogenise rural social groups and are insufficient to understand rural youth out-migration as a selective rather than universal practice. We draw on a statistical analysis of the social differentiation of rural youth mobility in Australia to argue that sociologists gain from further theorising the social differentiation of rural society. Empirically, we find that classed resources and stratified dispositions toward one’s future life are important properties associated with outward mobility. Theoretically, we propose the concept of rural social space to make sense of these patterns. Rural social space describes the material and symbolic hierarchies that structure the social differentiation of rural society. We conclude by suggesting how future research could refine the conceptualisation of rural social space proposed in this paper, by further considering the opportunities, practices and representations that distinguish the lives of different groups of rural young people.
Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of atmospheric plasma-sprayed TiO2/Al2O3 coatings on glass substrates
Authors: Duda Alicja , Kopyciński Bartosz , Hawełek Łukasz , Lis Marcin , Muzia Grzegorz , Wrona Adriana
Published: May 2024

Conventional methods for wastewater treatment are not always efficient in persistent organic pollutant degradation processes. Therefore, low-cost and effective methods of their removal from sewage are constantly sought. This study presents an attempt to fabricate thermally sprayed ceramic coatings on glass and their characterization. Granulation of TiO2, Al2O3, and their blends in different mass ratios was done. Assessment of actual density and specific surface area was performed, and TiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2/Al2O3 were then used as a coating material for the deposition on glass substrates in atmospheric plasma spraying. Surface analysis of coatings was done by evaluating their roughness and wettability. Both powder and coatings samples were characterized using the X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activity was estimated in the Eosin Y degradation process under UV light. UV–Vis spectroscopy was applied to observe the changes in the dye concentration. Additional tests for color measurements before and after photodegradation were carried out using a sphere spectrophotometer in CIELab color space. Particle size distribution was examined for the powder samples after the granulation and d50 was stated at 48.42–63.28 µm. Characterization of coatings via roughness measurements showed the average roughness of a surface equal to 4.90–9.65 µm. Moreover, most of the coatings appeared to be hydrophobic with water contact angles between 100° and 130°. All of the coatings showed Eosin Y degradation ability and the highest efficiency was reached for 100T/C, A75T/C, and A50T/C samples and stated at 71%, 62%, and 51%, respectively.

Graphical abstract
Predicting the public’s seeking intention of COVID-19 risk information through the comparison of PRISM and expanded PRISM
Authors: Liu Mei , Xiong Danli , He Mengru
Published: May 2024

The applicability of the main theories of risk information seeking to novel risk scenarios is not well understood. According to Hovick, Kahlor, and Liang (Journal of Health Communication 19:511-527, 2014), this study retested the Planned Risk Information Seeking Model (PRISM) and examined the impact of additional variables on the model in order to investigate the critical factors (expanded PRISM) that affect people’s intention to seek information about COVID-19 risks and determine whether the PRISM model is more appropriate in this context than expanded PRISM based on survey data from 1031 Chinese adults. The results showed that PRISM fit the data better. Furthermore, future study should focus on two new variables: source beliefs and past information seeking. Theoretical and practical implications are considered.
Import of digital products and production fragmentation
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Sun Puyang , Yu Chunhai
Published: May 2024

Empowering traditional manufacturing through the digital economy can not only enhance the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, but also enhance the degree of specialization of enterprises by optimizing the industrial structure, thus enhancing the embeddedness of Chinese enterprises in the global value chain. Based on this background, on the one hand, this paper extracts and integrates digital product information from China Customs data. On the other hand, this paper constructs the number of production processes of enterprises as a proxy variable for production fragmentation. Finally, by matching these two databases, we get the production segmentation data of Chinese enterprises' digital product import from 2000 to 2014. We found that improving the penetration degree of digital technology by importing digital products can effectively promote the production fragmentation. In order to further clarify the mechanism, we divided the digital products into final and intermediate kinds and found that firms importing digital final goods have a larger marginal impact on their production fragmentation.
Caring for Valid Sexual Consent
Authors: Israel Eli Benjamin
Published: May 2024

When philosophers consider factors compromising autonomy in consent, they often focus solely on the consent-giver's agential capacities, overlooking the impact of the consent-receiver's conduct on the consensual character of the activity. In this paper, I argue that valid consent requires justified trust in the consent-receiver to act only within the scope of consent. I call this the Trust Condition (TC), drawing on Katherine Hawley's commitment account of trust. TC constitutes a belief that the consent-receiver is capable and willing to act as we expect from them. If such trust is not warranted, I argue, consent lacks the appropriate normative grounds. After establishing TC, I explore its application in the sexual arena, asserting that, due to the non-contractual dimensions of sexual activity—such as the dynamic nature of sexual desires and the absence of external factors effectively binding sexual partners to the terms of consent—trust is warranted in sexual consent by means of care. I define care as a special sensitivity and attention toward the partner's will and discuss how this approach leads to safer intimate relationships in practice.
Rapidly pitching plates in decelerating motion near the ground
Authors: Adhikari Dibya R. , Bhattacharya Samik
Published: May 2024

Birds employ rapid pitch-up motions close to the ground for different purposes: perching birds use this motion to decelerate and come to a complete stop while hunting birds, such as bald eagles, employ it to catch prey and swiftly fly away. Motivated by these observations, our study investigates how natural flyers accomplish diverse flying objectives by rapidly pitching their wings while decelerating near ground. We conducted experimental and analytical investigations focusing on rapidly pitching plates during deceleration in close proximity to the ground to explore the impact of ground proximity on the unsteady dynamics. Initially, we executed synchronous pitch-up motion, where both pitching and deceleration have the same motion duration, at different ground heights. Experimental results demonstrate that as the pitching wing approaches the ground, the instantaneous lift increases by approximately

$38\,\%$

compared with a far-from-ground case, while the initial peak drag force remains relatively unchanged. Our analytical model conforms to this trend, predicting an increase in lift force as the wing approaches the ground, indicating enhanced added mass and circulatory lift force due to the ground effect. Next, we examined asynchronous pitch-up motion cases, where rapid pitching motions were initiated at different stages of deceleration. The results reveal that initiating the wing pitch early in the deceleration leads to the formation of larger counter-rotating vortices at the early stage of the manoeuvre. These vortices generate stronger dipole jets that orient backward in the later stages of the manoeuvre after impinging with the ground surface, which hunting birds utilize to accelerate after catching prey. Conversely, when the wing pitch is delayed, smaller vortices form, but their growth is postponed until late in the manoeuvre. This delayed vortex growth produces lift and drag force at the end phase of the manoeuvre that facilitates a smooth landing or perching. Thus, through strategic tuning of a rapid pitch-up motion with deceleration, natural flyers, such as birds, achieve diverse flying objectives.
Mechanically induced localisation of SECONDARY WALL INTERACTING bZIP is associated with thigmomorphogenic and secondary cell wall gene expression
Authors: Coomey Joshua H. , MacKinnon Kirk J.-M. , McCahill Ian W. , Khahani Bahman , Handakumbura Pubudu P. , Trabucco Gina M. , Mazzola Jessica , Leblanc Nicole A. , Kheam Rithany , Hernandez-Romero Miriam , Barry Kerrie , Liu Lifeng , Lee Ji E. , Vogel John P. , O’Malley Ronan C. , Chambers James J. , Hazen Samuel P.
Published: May 2024

Plant growth requires the integration of internal and external cues, perceived and transduced into a developmental programme of cell division, elongation and wall thickening. Mechanical forces contribute to this regulation, and thigmomorphogenesis typically includes reducing stem height, increasing stem diameter, and a canonical transcriptomic response. We present data on a bZIP transcription factor involved in this process in grasses. Brachypodium distachyon SECONDARY WALL INTERACTING bZIP (SWIZ) protein translocated into the nucleus following mechanostimulation. Classical touch-responsive genes were upregulated in B. distachyon roots following touch, including significant induction of the glycoside hydrolase 17 family, which may be unique to grass thigmomorphogenesis. SWIZ protein binding to an E-box variant in exons and introns was associated with immediate activation followed by repression of gene expression. SWIZ overexpression resulted in plants with reduced stem and root elongation. These data further define plant touch-responsive transcriptomics and physiology, offering insights into grass mechanotranduction dynamics.
Doing being an average teenager: Deploying ordinariness as subversive disability performance in presentational media
Authors: Li Xiaowei May
Published: May 2024

Scholars have shown how speakers are inclined to discursively position themselves as ‘ordinary’ in order to claim and benefit from membership in a socially unmarked category, and that the effect of ‘being ordinary’ is an effortful communicative achievement (e.g. Sacks 1984). This study re-examines and extends such insight by focusing on socially marked individuals—people with disabilities—and considers the effect of inhabiting a nonnormative body has on the semiotic production of self as ordinary. The multimodal self-presentation of Nikki Lilly, a popular disabled YouTuber, showcases the tension between inhabiting a physically anomalous body and projecting ‘an average teenager’ persona. The analysis of the vlogger's YouTube and Instagram posts shows that resignifying the nonnormative body and self as symbolically unmarked hinges on recruiting hypernormative gendered resources. I argue that by exaggerating normality, Nikki Lilly's recognized ‘ordinary’ self-presentation enunciates normalcy as an illusory imperative and materializes as subversive the performance of disability. (Nikki Lilly, embodiment, multimodality, presentational media, disability, ordinariness, normativity)*
Crystal structure of valbenazine, C24H38N2O4
Authors: Ens Tawnee M. , Kaduk James A. , Rost Megan M. , Dosen Anja , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: May 2024

The crystal structure of valbenazine has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Valbenazine crystallizes in space group P212121 (#19) with a = 5.260267(17), b = 17.77028(7), c = 26.16427(9) Å, V = 2445.742(11) Å3, and Z = 4 at 295 K. The crystal structure consists of discrete molecules and the mean plane of the molecules is approximately (8,−2,15). There are no obvious strong intermolecular interactions. There is only one weak classical hydrogen bond in the structure, from the amino group to the ether oxygen atom. Two intramolecular and one intermolecular C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds also contribute to the lattice energy. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®)
Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria and the emergence of rare species in Henan Province, China
Authors: Hongmei Shi , Ruixia Liang , Jiankang Li , Han Wu , Chang Zhao , Yan Mo Yan , Kang Wang Zi , Li Li Fu , Zhi Ding Cheng , Xin Liu
Published: May 2024

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a large group of mycobacteria other than the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae. Epidemiological investigations have found that the incidence of NTM infections is increasing in China, and it is naturally resistant to many antibiotics. Therefore, studies of NTM species in clinical isolates are useful for understanding the epidemiology of NTM infections. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence of NTM infections and types of NTM species. Of the 420 samples collected, 285 were positive for M. tuberculosis, 62 samples were negative, and the remaining 73 samples contained NTM, including 35 (8.3%) only NTM and 38 (9%) mixed (M. tuberculosis and NTM). The most prevalent NTM species were Mycobacterium intracellulare (30.1%), followed by Mycobacterium abscessus (15%) and M. triviale (12%). M. gordonae infection was detected in 9.5% of total NTM-positive cases. Moreover, this study reports the presence of Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum infection and a high prevalence of M. triviale for the first time in Henan. M. intracellulare is the most prevalent, accompanied by some emerging NTM species, including M. nonchromogenicum and a high prevalence of M. triviale in Henan Province. Monitoring NTM transmission and epidemiology could enhance mycobacteriosis management in future.
Rumination in the Context of Individual Goal Achievement
Authors: Michel-Kröhler Alena , Krys Sabrina , Berti Stefan
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Goals are ubiquitous in sports and often determine the success of an athlete’s career. This questionnaire study aimed to investigate the relationship between rumination and individual goal achievement in competitive athletes. Overall, 119 athletes from various sports participated. Athletes were assigned to two groups depending on whether they indicated they had achieved their goals at the end of the competitive year. The results of a MANOVA with different rumination measures confirmed group differences that were also reported in a previous study ( Kröhler & Berti, 2017 ). Athletes who did not achieve their goals ( n = 47) reported significantly higher scores for sport-specific, general, and clinically relevant rumination compared with athletes who achieved their goals ( n = 72). The results partially confirm the hypothesized relationship and extend it to a more general athlete population. In particular, the association with sport-specific rumination shows that rumination is a relevant phenomenon in competitive sport.
Analysis of Uncertainties and Associated Convective Processes in Simulations of Extreme Precipitation Over Cities With a Regional Earth System Model: A Case Study
Authors: Li Zhenghui , Luo Yali , Chen Feng
Published: May 2024

This study utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with an atmospheric chemistry model, a multi‐layer urban canopy model (UCM), and a building energy model to simulate the extreme rainfall event influencing the Guangzhou city in South China on 7 May 2017. By employing small variations in the longwave emissivity of buildings within the UCM, 11 convective‐permitting experiments are conducted. The maximal 18‐hr and hourly rainfall accumulation vary from a 2‐year return period to as high as a 20 or 40‐year return period with notable spatial differences. Comparisons between the more accurate group (GOOD) and less accurate group (POOR) simulations highlight that some minor differences in the near‐surface air thermodynamic conditions in urban area could lead to substantial differences in local convection and its impacts on subsequent convective systems. With persistent transportation of warm, moist airflows from the northern South China Sea, formation of a slow‐moving mesoscale outflow boundary to the north of the urban agglomeration leads to the development of a quasi‐stationary, compactly structured meso‐γ‐scale rainstorm in the GOOD simulations. The stronger low‐level to near‐surface convergence and mid‐level cyclonic shear within this system substantially enhance low‐level updrafts, leading to increased microphysical production and stronger horizontal advection of rainwater within the system. These findings offer some process‐based understanding about the uncertainties in simulating urban extreme rainfall and underscore the need to develop ensemble forecasting methods for convection‐permitting numerical models that incorporate increasingly complicated representations of anthropogenic influences.
Synthesis of Elliptically Shaped Aperiodic Antenna Arrays Subject to Complex Design Constraints
Authors: Geerarts J. M. E. , Theis G. , Smolders A. B. , Caratelli D.
Published: May 2024

State‐of‐the‐art conformal array pattern synthesis techniques typically suffer from a significant computational burden. This article builds upon the auxiliary array pattern synthesis technique, allowing the technique to work on elliptical contours. This deterministic method is both computationally efficient and capable of handling complex design cases with additional design constraints. In order to highlight the versatility and applicability, the method has been applied to an elliptical arc array comprised of Rampart antennas and an elliptical ring array using dipole elements. The results have been validated through full‐wave electromagnetic simulations, as well as physical measurements. Both arrays presented show good agreement with the proposed synthesis technique. Highlighting the ability to satisfy additional design constraints, such as enforcing a minimal element spacing or having a controlled beamformer‐network complexity.
A Novel Local‐Inertial Formulation Representing Subgrid Scale Topographic Effects for Urban Flood Simulation
Authors: Nithila Devi N. , Kuiry Soumendra Nath
Published: May 2024

The local‐inertial approximations of the shallow water equations (SWEs) have been used for flood forecasting at larger spatial scales owing to the improved computational efficiency and similar accuracy compared to the full 2D SWEs. With the availability of high‐resolution elevation data, the complex terrain of urban areas with various small‐scale features is represented well. Even for a local‐inertial model, utilizing such high‐resolution elevation data in flood simulations of urbanized areas increases the computational cost. A subgrid‐based local‐inertial formulation that permits large numerical grid size for computations while preserving the within‐grid topography is proposed to circumvent this. The subgrid topography can be incorporated into the coarse numerical grid computations by estimating the hydraulic properties, namely, volume and face area, based on water surface elevation variations of the associated high‐resolution terrain. The pre‐stored hydraulic properties are then used to dynamically update the hydraulic variables during the execution of the local‐inertial model. Idealized and real‐world test cases were simulated to illustrate the advantages of the proposed model. The proposed subgrid model performs better in capturing flood depth around subgrid‐scale features such as streets, highways, minor canals, etc., than the simple grid‐averaged local‐inertial models of the same grid size. The proposed model is faster than the existing local‐inertial model (e.g., LISFLOOD‐FP) (∼21–34 times) and the full 2D model (e.g., HEC‐RAS 2D) (∼361–660 times) of similar accuracy in the slow‐rising flood applications. Thus, the subgrid local‐inertial model holds promise in real‐time flood inundation forecasting, resolving smaller urban features.
Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation with or without an unrelated cord blood unit for adult acute myeloid leukemia: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Zhou Biqi , Chen Jia , Liu Tianhui , Ye Yishan , Zhang Yanming , Ding Yiyang , Liu Hong , Zhu MingQing , Ma Xiao , Li Xiaoli , Zhao Longfei , Lin Zhihong , Huang He , Xu Yang , Wu Depei
Published: May 2024

Abstracts

Coinfusion of unrelated cord blood (UCB) units in haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT) (haplo-cord HCT) for hematopoietic malignancies showed promising results in previous reports, but the efficiency of haplo-cord HCT in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still lacks sufficient evidence. This multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03719534) aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of haplo-cord HCT in AML patients. A total of 268 eligible patients aged 18–60 years, diagnosed with measurable residual disease in AML (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia), with available haploidentical donors and suitable for allotransplantation, were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive haplo-cord HCT (n = 134) or haplo-HCT (n = 134). The 3-year overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint in this study. Overall median follow-up was 36.50 months (IQR 24.75–46.50). The 3-year OS of Haplo-cord HCT group was better than haplo-HCT group (80.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 73.7–87.9 vs. 67.8% 95% CI 60.0–76.5, p = 0.013). Favorable progression-free survival (70.3%, 95% CI 62.6–78.8 vs. 57.6%, 95% CI 49.6–67.0, p = 0.012) and cumulative incidence of relapse (12.1%, 95% CI 12.0–12.2 vs. 30.3%, 95% CI 30.1–30.4, p = 0.024) were observed in haplo-cord HCT group. Grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) within two years posttransplantation in the two groups were similar. Haplo-cord HCT patients exhibited a faster cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery (p = 0.026) and increased T-cell reconstitution in the early period posttransplantation. Haplo-cord HCT can improve OS in AML patients without excessive AEs, which may exert additional benefits for recipients of haplo-HCT.
Combination therapy with oncolytic virus and T cells or mRNA vaccine amplifies antitumor effects
Authors: Fu Rao , Qi Ruoyao , Xiong Hualong , Lei Xing , Jiang Yao , He Jinhang , Chen Feng , Zhang Liang , Qiu Dekui , Chen Yiyi , Nie Meifeng , Guo Xueran , Zhu Yuhe , Zhang Jinlei , Yue Mingxi , Cao Jiali , Wang Guosong , Que Yuqiong , Fang Mujing , Wang Yingbin , Chen Yixin , Cheng Tong , Ge Shengxiang , Zhang Jun , Yuan Quan , Zhang Tianying , Xia Ningshao
Published: May 2024

Antitumor therapies based on adoptively transferred T cells or oncolytic viruses have made significant progress in recent years, but the limited efficiency of their infiltration into solid tumors makes it difficult to achieve desired antitumor effects when used alone. In this study, an oncolytic virus (rVSV-LCMVG) that is not prone to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies was designed and combined with adoptively transferred T cells. By transforming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into an immunosensitive one, in B16 tumor-bearing mice, combination therapy showed superior antitumor effects than monotherapy. This occurred whether the OV was administered intratumorally or intravenously. Combination therapy significantly increased cytokine and chemokine levels within tumors and recruited CD8+ T cells to the TME to trigger antitumor immune responses. Pretreatment with adoptively transferred T cells and subsequent oncolytic virotherapy sensitizes refractory tumors by boosting T-cell recruitment, down-regulating the expression of PD-1, and restoring effector T-cell function. To offer a combination therapy with greater translational value, mRNA vaccines were introduced to induce tumor-specific T cells instead of adoptively transferred T cells. The combination of OVs and mRNA vaccine also displays a significant reduction in tumor burden and prolonged survival. This study proposed a rational combination therapy of OVs with adoptive T-cell transfer or mRNA vaccines encoding tumor-associated antigens, in terms of synergistic efficacy and mechanism.