bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fibre-Reinforced Fixed Partial Denture on a Hemisectioned Tooth: A Case Report
Authors: AGÜLOĞLU Süleyman , AYNA Emrah , ÖZDEMİR Eylem
Published: October 2011

In modern dentistry, fibre-reinforced fixed dental prostheses are considered a useful alternative to classical metal-ceramic restorations. This method allows a conservative approach for replacing missing teeth that overcomes some of the drawbacks of conventional prostheses. Our patient required extraction of tooth #46 because of an apical lesion of the mesial root, and underwent extraction by hemisection. After healing, using the superior properties of the combined fibre/composite, an adhesive bridge restoration was applied with support from the distal root of tooth #46 and teeth #45 and #47. 

How to cite this article: Agüloğlu S, Ayna E, Özdemir E. A Fibre-Reinforced fixed partial denture on a hemisectioned tooth: A Case Report.  Int Dent Res 2011;1:38-41.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Active Enzyme Nanocoatings Affect Settlement of Balanus amphitrite Barnacle Cyprids
Authors: Tasso Mariana , Conlan Sheelagh L. , Clare Anthony S. , Werner Carsten
Published: October 2011

Balanus amphitrite cyprids produce complex adhesive substances that enable their attachment to surfaces and impart a strong detachment resistance from most immersed substrata. The colonization of man‐made structures by barnacle cyprids and other marine organisms is a troublesome and costly phenomenon, for which controlling strategies are actively sought. In this work, we expand previous investigations about the susceptibility of cyprid adhesives to unpurified proteases in solution by evaluating the interplay between these secreted biomolecules and a surface‐confined purified protease. The strategy involved the covalent immobilization of the enzyme Subtilisin A to maleic anhydride copolymer thin films through the spontaneous reaction of anhydride moieties with lysine side chains. This enabled the production of bioactive layers of tunable enzyme surface concentration and activity, which were utilized to systematically evaluate the effect of the immobilized enzyme on cyprid settlement and exploratory behavior. Surfaces of increasing enzyme activity displayed a gradual decrease in cyprid settlement levels (approaching inhibition) as well as an increase in post‐settlement adhesion failure (evidenced by significant numbers of detached metamorphosed individuals). High activities of the bound enzyme also affected pre‐settlement behavior of cyprids, reducing the velocity and total distance moved while increasing the amount and speed of meander compared to the controls. The here‐reported low enzyme surface concentrations found to be remarkably effective at reducing cyprid settlement hold promise for the use of immobilized enzymes in the control of marine biofouling.
Mesoporous Anatase Titania Hollow Nanostructures though Silica‐Protected Calcination
Authors: Joo Ji Bong , Zhang Qiao , Lee Ilkeun , Dahl Michael , Zaera Francisco , Yin Yadong
Published: October 2011

The crystallization of nanometer‐scale materials during high‐temperature calcination can be controlled by a thin layer of surface coating. Here, a novel silica‐protected calcination process for preparing mesoporous hollow TiO2 nanostructures with a high surface area and a controllable crystallinity is presented. This method involves the preparation of uniform silica colloidal templates, sequential deposition of TiO2 and then SiO2 layers through sol–gel processes, calcination to transform amorphous TiO2 to crystalline anatase, and finally etching of the inner and outer silica to produce mesoporous anatase TiO2 shells. The silica‐protected calcination step allows crystallization of the amorphous TiO2 layer into anatase nanocrystals, while simultaneously limiting the growth of anatase grains to within several nanometers, eventually producing mesoporous anatase shells with a high surface area (∼311 m2 g−1) and good water dispersibility upon chemical etching of the silica. When used as photocatalysts for the degradation of Rhodamine B under UV irradiation, the as‐synthesized mesoporous anatase shells show significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity with greater enhancement for samples calcined at higher temperatures thanks to their improved crystallinity.
Craniofacial and oral features of Sotos syndrome: Differences in patients with submicroscopic deletion and mutation of NSD1 gene
Authors: Hirai Norimitsu , Matsune Kensuke , Ohashi Hirofumi
Published: October 2011

Sotos syndrome is a well‐known overgrowth syndrome caused by haploinsufficiency of NSD1 gene located at 5q35. There are two types of mutations that cause NSD1 haploinsufficiency: mutations within the NSD1 gene (mutation type) and a 5q35 submicroscopic deletion encompassing the entire NSD1 gene (deletion type). We investigated detailed craniofacial, dental, and oral findings in five patients with deletion type, and three patients with mutation type Sotos syndrome. All eight patients had a high palate, excessive tooth wear, crowding, and all but one patient had hypodontia and deep bite. Hypodontia was exclusively observed in the second premolars, and there were no differences between the deletion and mutation types in the number of missing teeth. Another feature frequently seen in common with both types was maxillary recession. Findings seen more frequently and more pronounced in deletion‐type than in mutation‐type included mandibular recession, scissors or posterior cross bite, and small dental arch with labioclination of the maxillary central incisors. It is noteworthy that although either scissors bite or cross bite was present in all of the deletion‐type patients, neither of these was observed in mutation‐type patients. Other features seen in a few patients include enamel hypoplasia (two deletion patients), and ectopic tooth eruption (one deletion and one mutation patients). Our study suggests that Sotos syndrome patients should be observed closely for possible dental and oral complications especially for malocculusion in the deletion‐type patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical manifestations and management of four children with Pearson syndrome
Authors: Tumino Manuela , Meli Concetta , Farruggia Piero , La Spina Milena , Faraci Maura , Castana Cinzia , Di Raimondo Vincenzo , Alfano Marivana , Pittalà Annarita , Lo Nigro Luca , Russo Giovanna , Di Cataldo Andrea
Published: October 2011

Pearson marrow‐pancreas syndrome is a fatal disorder mostly diagnosed during infancy and caused by mutations of mitochondrial DNA. We hereby report on four children affected by Pearson syndrome with hematological disorders at onset. The disease was fatal to three of them and the fourth one, who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, died of secondary malignancy. In this latter patient transplantation corrected hematological and non‐hematological issues like metabolic acidosis, and we therefore argue that it could be considered as a useful option in an early stage of the disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust optimal control of time‐delay systems based on Razumikhin theorem
Authors: Chuang Chia‐Hua , Lin Chun‐Liang , Lin Yu‐Chen
Published: October 2011

This paper presents an optimal control approach for the general robust control design problem of linear time delay systems, which considers parameter uncertainties as well as state delay. It is shown that the robust control problem can be transformed into an optimal control problem with the amouof plant uncertainties involved in the performance index. A stability criterion has been developed under which the uncertain dynamical system can not only achieve stability, but also acquire the guaranteed level of performance for regulation. A suitable linear state feedback control law is also characterized via Lyapunov stability theory to ensure performance robustness of the closed‐loop system.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field exposure on adenosine receptors in rat brain
Authors: Varani Katia , Vincenzi Fabrizio , Targa Martina , Corciulo Carmen , Fini Milena , Setti Stefania , Cadossi Ruggero , Borea Pier Andrea
Published: October 2011

Different effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposure on brain tissue have been described in pre‐clinical models and in clinical settings. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action and the possible interaction with membrane receptors such as adenosine receptors (ARs) has not been investigated. The present study focused on the effect of PEMFs on A1 and A2A ARs in the rat cerebral cortex and cortical neurons. Affinity and density of ARs were evaluated by means of saturation binding experiments while mRNA expression was investigated through retro‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). PEMF treatment of the intact rat cerebral cortex or cortical neurons at 1.5 mT mediated a transient and significant increase in A2A ARs after 4 h (2.0‐fold increase) and 6 h (1.4‐ and 1.8‐fold increase, respectively) of exposure. In addition, PEMF treatment of the rat cerebral cortex and rat cortical neurons at 3 mT upregulated A2A ARs after 2 h (2.0‐ and 2.2‐fold increase, respectively) and 4 h (1.6‐ and 1.9‐fold increase, respectively). The treatment of rat cortex membranes with PEMFs at 1.5 and 3 mT induced an increase in A2A AR density after 2 h (1.9‐ and 2.2‐fold increase, respectively) and was constant at all incubation times investigated. In rat cortical neurons, mRNA levels of A1 and A2A ARs were not affected by PEMF exposure for the times and intensities used. These results suggest that PEMF treatment has different biological effects in whole organs or cells in comparison with isolated membranes. Bioelectromagnetics 33:279–287, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of direct electric current on Herpetomonas samuelpessoai: An ultrastructural study
Authors: Gomes Marina das Neves , Teixeira Cesar Augusto Antunes , Barbosa Gleyce Moreno , Froes Marcela Teso , Silva Maria Bernadete , da Veiga Venicio Feo , Soares Rosangela Maria de Araújo , dos Santos André Luis Souza , Holandino Carla
Published: October 2011

The literature shows that the effects of direct electric currents on biological material are numerous, including bactericidal, fungicidal, parasiticidal, and anti‐tumoral, among others. Non‐pathogenic trypanosomatids, such as Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, have emerged as important models for the study of basic biological processes performed by a eukaryotic cell. The present study reports a dose‐dependent anti‐protozoan effect of direct electric treatment with both cathodic and anodic current flows on H. samuelpessoai cells. The damaging effects can be attributable to the electrolysis products generated during electric stimulation. The pH of the cell suspension was progressively augmented from 7.4 to 10.5 after the cathodic treatment. In contrast, the anodic treatment caused a pH decrease varying from 7.4 to 6.5. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed profound alterations in vital cellular structures (e.g., mitochondrion, kinetoplast, flagellum, flagellar pocket, nucleus, and plasma membrane) after exposure to both cathodic and anodic current flows. Specifically, cathodic current flow treatment induced the appearance of autophagic‐like structures on parasite cells, while those submitted to an anodic current flow presented marked disorganization of plasma membrane and necrotic appearance. However, parasites treated in the intermediary chamber (without contact with the electrodes) did not present significant changes in viability or morphology, and no pH variation was detected in this system. The use of H. samuelpessoai as a biological model and the direct electric current experimental approach used in our study provide important information for understanding the mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic effects of this physical agent. Bioelectromagnetics 33:334–345, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extraction of lignins from aqueous–ionic liquid mixtures by organic solvents
Authors: Xin Qin , Pfeiffer Katie , Prausnitz John M. , Clark Douglas S. , Blanch Harvey W.
Published: October 2011

The commercial development of ionic liquids (ILs) to pretreat lignocellulose by dissolution of whole biomass and cellulose precipitation by addition of water is hindered by the absence of an effective technique to recover the lignin content of the biomass from the IL. Three organic solvents [ethyl acetate, 1,4‐dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran (THF)] were studied for their ability to form a two‐liquid‐phase system with water and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]), and for partitioning model lignins and lignin monomers between the two liquid phases. Ternary diagrams were obtained for three [C2mim][OAc]/organic solvent/water systems at 22°C. Partition coefficients were measured for several types of lignin in these three systems. Partition coefficients increase with rising water content in the IL phase, and depend strongly on the type of lignin and on the organic solvent. Partition coefficients rise as the pH of the ionic‐liquid‐rich phase falls. Small molecule model lignin monomer compounds (guaiacol, syringaldehyde) are also readily extracted from the IL/water system by THF. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:346–352. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acetate enhances startup of a H2‐producing microbial biocathode
Authors: Jeremiasse Adriaan W. , Hamelers Hubertus V.M. , Croese Elsemiek , Buisman Cees J.N.
Published: October 2011

H2 can be produced from organic matter with a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). To decrease MEC capital costs, a cathode is needed that is made of low‐cost material and produces H2 at high rate. A microbial biocathode is a low‐cost candidate, but suffers from a long startup and a low H2 production rate. In this study, the effects of cathode potential and carbon source on microbial biocathode startup were investigated. Application of a more negative cathode potential did not decrease the startup time of the biocathode. If acetate instead of bicarbonate was used as carbon source, the biocathode started up more than two times faster. The faster startup was likely caused by a higher biomass yield for acetate than for bicarbonate, which was supported by thermodynamic calculations. To increase the H2 production rate, a flow through biocathode fed with acetate was investigated. This biocathode produced 2.2 m3 H2 m−3 reactor day−1 at a cathode potential of −0.7 V versus NHE, which was seven times that of a parallel flow biocathode of a previous study. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:657–664. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large eddy simulation of mechanical mixing in anaerobic digesters
Authors: Wu Binxin
Published: October 2011

A comprehensive study of anaerobic digestion requires an advanced turbulence model technique to accurately predict mixing flow patterns because the digestion process that involves mass transfer between anaerobes and their substrates is primarily dependent on detailed information about the fine structure of turbulence in the digesters. This study presents a large eddy simulation (LES) of mechanical agitation of non‐Newtonian fluids in anaerobic digesters, in which the sliding mesh method is used to characterize the impeller rotation. The three subgrid scale (SGS) models investigated are: (i) Smagorinsky–Lilly model, (ii) wall‐adapting local eddy‐viscosity model, and (iii) kinetic energy transport (KET) model. The simulation results show that the three SGS models produce very similar flow fields. A comparison of the simulated and measured axial velocities indicates that the LES profile shapes are in general agreement with the experimental data but they differ markedly in velocity magnitudes. A check of impeller power and flow numbers demonstrates that all the SGS models give excellent predictions, with the KET model performing the best. Moreover, the performance of six Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence models are assessed and compared with the LES results. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:804–812. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zonal rate model for stacked membrane chromatography part II: Characterizing ion‐exchange membrane chromatography under protein retention conditions
Authors: Francis Patrick , von Lieres Eric , Haynes Charles
Published: October 2011

The Zonal Rate Model (ZRM) has previously been shown to accurately account for contributions to elution band broadening, including external flow nonidealities and radial concentration gradients, in ion‐exchange membrane (IEXM) chromatography systems operated under nonbinding conditions. Here, we extend the ZRM to analyze and model the behavior of retained proteins by introducing terms for intra‐column mass transfer resistances and intrinsic binding kinetics. Breakthrough curve (BTC) data from a scaled‐down anion‐exchange membrane chromatography module using ovalbumin as a model protein were collected at flow rates ranging from 1.5 to 20 mL min−1. Through its careful accounting of transport nonidealities within and external to the membrane stack, the ZRM is shown to provide a useful framework for characterizing putative protein binding mechanisms and models, for predicting BTCs and complex elution behavior, including the common observation that the dynamic binding capacity can increase with linear velocity in IEXM systems, and for simulating and scaling separations using IEXM chromatography. Global fitting of model parameters is used to evaluate the performance of the Langmuir, bi‐Langmuir, steric mass action (SMA), and spreading‐type protein binding models in either correlating or fundamentally describing BTC data. When combined with the ZRM, the bi‐Langmuir, and SMA models match the chromatography data, but require physically unrealistic regressed model parameters to do so. In contrast, for this system a spreading‐type model is shown to accurately predict column performance while also providing a realistic fundamental explanation for observed trends, including an observed increase in dynamic binding capacity with flow rate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:615–629. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of biaxial oscillatory shear stress on endothelial cell proliferation and morphology
Authors: Chakraborty Amlan , Chakraborty Sutirtha , Jala Venkatakrishna R. , Haribabu Bodduluri , Sharp M. Keith , Berson R. Eric
Published: October 2011

Wall shear stress (WSS) on anchored cells affects their responses, including cell proliferation and morphology. In this study, the effects of the directionality of pulsatile WSS on endothelial cell proliferation and morphology were investigated for cells grown in a Petri dish orbiting on a shaker platform. Time and location dependent WSS was determined by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). At low orbital speed (50 rpm), WSS was shown to be uniform (0–1 dyne/cm2) across the bottom of the dish, while at higher orbital speed (100 and 150 rpm), WSS remained fairly uniform near the center and fluctuated significantly (0–9 dyne/cm2) near the side walls of the dish. Since WSS on the bottom of the dish is two‐dimensional, a new directional oscillatory shear index (DOSI) was developed to quantify the directionality of oscillating shear. DOSI approached zero for biaxial oscillatory shear of equal magnitudes near the center and approached one for uniaxial pulsatile shear near the wall, where large tangential WSS dominated a much smaller radial component. Near the center (low DOSI), more, smaller and less elongated cells grew, whereas larger cells with greater elongation were observed in the more uniaxial oscillatory shear (high DOSI) near the periphery of the dish. Further, cells aligned with the direction of the largest component of shear but were randomly oriented in low magnitude biaxial shear. Statistical analyses of the individual and interacting effects of multiple factors (DOSI, shear magnitudes and orbital speeds) showed that DOSI significantly affected all the responses, indicating that directionality is an important determinant of cellular responses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:695–707. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Written vs. Spoken Eyewitness Accounts: Does Modality of Testing Matter?
Authors: Sauerland Melanie , Sporer Siegfried L.
Published: October 2011

The aim of the current study was to test whether the modality of testing (written vs. spoken) matters when obtaining eyewitness statements. Writing puts higher demands on working memory than speaking because writing is slower, less practiced, and associated with the activation of graphemic representations for spelling words (Kellogg, 2007). Therefore, we hypothesized that witnesses' spoken reports should elicit more details than written ones. Participants (N = 192) watched a staged crime video and then gave a spoken or written description of the course of action and the perpetrator. As expected, spoken crime and perpetrator descriptions contained more details than written ones, although there was no difference in accuracy. However, the most critical (central) crime and perpetrator information was both more extensive and more accurate when witnesses gave spoken descriptions. In addition to cognitive factors, social factors are considered which may drive the effect. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of the Biological Activity of microRNA‐210 with Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs)
Authors: Fabbri Enrica , Manicardi Alex , Tedeschi Tullia , Sforza Stefano , Bianchi Nicoletta , Brognara Eleonora , Finotti Alessia , Breveglieri Giulia , Borgatti Monica , Corradini Roberto , Marchelli Rosangela , Gambari Roberto
Published: October 2011

Herein we describe the activity of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) that targets microRNA‐210 (miR‐210), which is associated with hypoxia and is modulated during erythroid differentiation. PNAs directed against miR‐210 were designed to bind with high affinity to the target RNA strand and to undergo efficient uptake in target cells. A polyarginine–PNA conjugate directed against miR‐210 (Rpep‐PNA‐a210) showed both very high affinity for RNA and efficient uptake into target cells without the need for transfection reagents. An unmodified PNA of the same sequence displayed the ability to bind RNA, but cellular uptake was very poor. Consistent with this, only Rpep‐PNA‐a210 strongly inhibited miR‐210 activity, as evaluated by assays on undifferentiated K562 cells and on cells treated with mithramycin, which was found to induce erythroid differentiation and miR‐210 overexpression. Targeting miR‐210 by Rpep‐PNA‐a210 resulted in: 1) a decrease in miR‐210 levels as measured by RT‐PCR, 2) up‐regulation of raptor mRNA, 3) a decrease in γ‐globin mRNA, and 4) decreased expression of differentiated functions (i.e., proportion of benzidine‐positive cells, content of embryo‐fetal hemoglobins). The efficient delivery of anti‐miR PNAs through a suitable peptide carrier (Rpep‐PNA‐a210) leads to the inhibition of miR‐210 activity, altering the expression of miR‐210‐regulated erythroid functions.
Thermal‐Transport Studies on Two‐Dimensional Quantum Spin Liquids
Authors: Yamashita Minoru , Shibauchi Takasada , Matsuda Yuji
Published: October 2011

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are fluidlike states of quantum spins in which the long‐range ordered state is destroyed by quantum fluctuations. The ground state of QSLs and their exotic phenomena, which have been extensively discussed for decades, have yet to be identified. We employ thermal‐transport measurements on newly discovered QSL candidates κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu2(CN)3 and EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2, and report that the two organic insulators have different QSLs characterized by different elementary excitations. In κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu2(CN)3, heat transport is thermally activated at low temperatures, and this suggests the presence of a spin gap in this QSL. In stark contrast, in EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2, a sizable linear temperature dependence of thermal conductivity is clearly resolved in the zero‐temperature limit, and shows gapless excitation with a long mean free path (ca. 1000 lattice distances). Such a long mean free path demonstrates a novel feature of QSL as a quantum‐condensed state with long‐distance coherence.
The complexification of engineering
Authors: Maldonado Carlos E. , Gómez Cruz Nelson A.
Published: October 2011

This paper deals with the arrow of complexification of engineering. We claim that the complexification of engineering consists in (a) that shift throughout which engineering becomes a science; thus it ceases to be a (mere) praxis or profession; (b) becoming a science, engineering can be considered as one of the sciences of complexity. In reality, the complexification of engineering is the process by which engineering can be studied, achieved, and understood in terms of knowledge, and not of goods and services any longer. Complex engineered systems and bio‐inspired engineering are so far the two expressions of a complex engineering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012
Slow stretching that mimics embryonic growth rate stimulates structural and mechanical development of tendon‐like tissue in vitro
Authors: Kalson Nicholas S. , Holmes David F. , Herchenhan Andreas , Lu Yinhui , Starborg Toby , Kadler Karl E.
Published: October 2011

A distinctive feature of embryonic tendon development is the steady increase in collagen fibril diameter and associated improvement of tissue mechanical properties. A potential mechanical stimulus for these changes is slow stretching of the tendon during limb growth. Testing this hypothesis in vivo is complicated by the presence of other developmental processes including muscle development and innervation. Here we used a cell culture tendon‐like construct to determine if slow stretch can explain the increases in fibril diameter and mechanical properties that are observed in vivo. Non‐stretched constructs had an ultrastructural appearance and mechanical properties similar to those of early embryonic tendon. However, slowly stretching during 4 days in culture increased collagen fibril diameter, fibril packing volume, and mechanical stiffness, and thereby mimicked embryonic development. 3D EM showed cells with improved longitudinal alignment and elongated nuclei, which raises the hypothesis that nuclear deformation could be a novel mechanism during tendon development. Developmental Dynamics 240:2520–2528, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of Id2 in the second heart field and cardiac defects in Id2 knock‐out mice
Authors: Jongbloed M.R.M. , Vicente‐Steijn R. , Douglas Y.L. , Wisse L.J. , Mori K. , Yokota Y. , Bartelings M.M. , Schalij M.J. , Mahtab E.A. , Poelmann R.E. , Gittenberger‐De Groot A.C.
Published: October 2011

The inhibitor of differentiation Id2 is expressed in mesoderm of the second heart field, which contributes myocardial and mesenchymal cells to the primary heart tube. The role of Id2 in cardiac development is insufficiently known. Heart development was studied in sequential developmental stages in Id2 wildtype and knockout mouse embryos. Expression patterns of Id2, MLC‐2a, Nkx2.5, HCN4, and WT‐1 were analyzed. Id2 is expressed in myocardial progenitor cells at the inflow and outflow tract, in the endocardial and epicardial lineage, and in neural crest cells. Id2 knockout embryos show severe cardiac defects including abnormal orientation of systemic and pulmonary drainage, abnormal myocardialization of systemic and pulmonary veins, hypoplasia of the sinoatrial node, large interatrial communications, ventricular septal defects, double outlet right ventricle, and myocardial hypoplasia. Our results indicate a role for Id2 in the second heart field contribution at both the arterial and the venous poles of the heart. Developmental Dynamics 240:2561–2577, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delirium and refeeding syndrome in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Norris Mark L , Pinhas Leora , Nadeau Pierre‐Olivier , Katzman Debra K
Published: October 2011

Objective:

To review the literature on delirium and refeeding syndrome in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and present case examples in an attempt to identify common clinical features and response to therapy.

Method:

A comprehensive literature review was completed. In addition to the cases identified in the literature, we present two additional cases of our own.

Results:

We identified a total of 10 cases (all female; mean age 19 years old, range 12–29 years); 2/3 of the cases had similar clinical features predating the delirium and during refeeding.

Discussion:

Delirium, albeit rare, can be associated with the refeeding syndrome in low weight patients with AN. During the initial refeeding phase, close monitoring of medical, metabolic, and psychological parameters are important in establishing factors that may elevate risk. Early detection and treatment of delirium using nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic means are also important to help minimize the effects of this potentially deadly condition. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Synthesis, Isolation and Structural Characterisation of Alkoxytitanium Triflate Complexes
Authors: Davidson Matthew G. , Johnson Andrew L.
Published: October 2011

Treatment of [Ti(OiPr)4] with trimethylsilyl triflate results in the formation of [Ti(OiPr)3(OTf)] (2) in high yield. Subsequent treatment of the triflate derivative 2 with a series of facially coordinating N3‐donor ligands results in the production of a series of charge‐separated metal alkoxide salts of the general formula [{L}Ti(OiPr)3][OTf] {L = tris(pyrazolyl)methane (3a), 1,3,5‐triethyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (3b), 1,3,5‐tribenzyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (3c), 1,3,5‐tris(p‐fluorobenzyl)‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (3d), and 1,3,5‐tris[(1S)‐1‐phenylethyl]‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (3e)}. The products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and in the case of 3a–c by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Reaction of 2 with 1,3,5‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane results in the formation of complex 4 [{L′}2Ti(OiPr)2(OTf)2], which contains two 3,4‐dihydroquinazoline ligands (L′), a result of catalytic activation of the triazacyclohexane ligands by [Ti(OiPr)3(OTf)] towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Synthesis of Fluorinated and Non‐Fluorinated Bicyclic Amidines through Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Cuñat Ana C. , Flores Sonia , Oliver Judit , Fustero Santos
Published: October 2011

An efficient method for the synthesis of fluorinated and non‐fluorinated imidazoazepines by a ring‐closing metathesis reaction as the key step is described. The influence of the fluorine atoms on the preparation of these bicyclic systems is also studied.
Lewis Base Assisted Brønsted Base Catalysis: Direct Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Indenes
Authors: Cui Hai‐Lei , Sun Xun‐Hao , Jiang Lin , Dong Lin , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: October 2011

A direct, asymmetric allylic alkylation of indenes withMorita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates has been developed based on a Lewis base assisted Brønsted base catalysis strategy. This process is promoted by a modified cinchona alkaloid hydroquinidine (anthraquinone‐1,4‐diyl) diether [(DHQD)2AQN] and gives rise to multifunctional chiral indene derivatives with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (53–95 % ee), albeit in low to modest yields (27–71 %).
Reactivity Control in the Addition of N,N′‐Dialkylated 1,n‐Diamines to Activated Skipped Diynes: Synthesis of Fused Bicyclic 1,4‐Diazepanes and 1,5‐Diazocanes
Authors: López‐Tosco Sara , Tejedor David , González‐Platas Javier , García‐Tellado Fernando
Published: October 2011

A metal‐free domino reaction for the synthesis of a new family of fused bicyclic 1,4‐diazepanes and 1,5‐diazocanes has been developed. The reaction involves the use of N,N′‐dialkylated 1,n‐diamines as the nitrogen source, through‐space orbital interactions between the two nitrogen atoms as the reactivity director element, and an activated skipped diyne as the reactive platform. A key Morita–Baylis–Hillman‐like reaction allows the formation of 1,4‐diazepanes and 1,5‐diazocanes (medium‐sized diazoheterocycles). These structures incorporate a 1,n‐diazocycle fused to a γ‐butenolide ring and different functionalities to be used as convenient handles for further complexity generation. The good efficiency of this reaction and its simple experimental protocol make this process an excellent candidate for the fast construction of structure‐focused libraries based on this fused bicyclic motif.
Baseline Correction in Standard Addition Voltammetry by Discrete Wavelet Transform and Splines
Authors: Górski Łukasz , Ciepiela Filip , Jakubowska Małgorzata , Kubiak Władysław W.
Published: October 2011

A new algorithm for background correction in voltammetry based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) conjugated with spline functions is presented. This procedure simplifies selection of the peak position and optimization of the approximation procedure parameters by lowing the resolution of the signal in the process of the wavelet decomposition. Background approximation by splines and its subtraction is performed in the wavelet domain. Likewise the elimination of high frequency components in signals is conducted simultaneously. The reliability of the results obtained in the standard addition method was tested on simulated curves with real background and Pb(II) signals registered in CRM.
A Comparative Study of Cadmium Ion‐Selective Electrodes with Solid and Liquid Inner Contact
Authors: Wardak Cecylia
Published: October 2011

A comparative study was performed between three types of cadmium ion selective electrodes: solid contact electrode containing membrane doped with ionic liquid: 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, solid contact electrode containing membrane doped with traditional lipophilic additive potassium tetrakis (p‐chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClB) and the classical cadmium‐ion selective electrode with internal filling solution. The basic analytical parameters of the studied electrodes, such as the slope characteristic, the detection limit, response time, lifetime, selectivity coefficients against lead, nickel, cobalt, zinc, magnesium, strontium, calcium, potassium and sodium ions as well as the dependence of the electrode potential on pH were determined. The best results were obtained for an electrode with solid contact based on ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride.
Comparison of quantitative performance of three fluorescence labels in CE/LIF analysis of aspartate and glutamate in brain microdialysate
Authors: Wagner Zsolt , Tábi Tamás , Zachar Gergely , Csillag András , Szökő Éva
Published: October 2011

Three different fluorescent tags have been compared for the quantitative analysis of aspartate and glutamate in brain microdialysate samples. Separation conditions have been optimized to achieve short analysis time using reversed polarity separation in coated capillary. Method validation has revealed similar quantification limit of 0.1 μM of analytes using either of the labels, although LOD values were different: 7.8–9.8 nM for 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole, 3.5 nM for fluorescein‐5‐isothiocyanate and 1.3–1.5 nM for carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester derivatives. The almost two orders of magnitude difference between LOD and LOQ values is likely due to the unreliable derivatization reaction at low sample concentration. Based on the superior stability, FITC derivatization was used for the analysis of biological samples. The applicability of the method has been demonstrated by analyzing basal and potassium evoked amino acid concentrations in individual brain microdialysate samples.
VGLUT1 is localized in astrocytic processes in several brain regions
Authors: Ormel Lasse , Stensrud Mats Julius , Bergersen Linda Hildegard , Gundersen Vidar
Published: October 2011

During the last years, the concept of gliotransmission has been established. Glutamate has been shown to be released from astrocytes by different mechanisms, e.g., in an exocytotic manner. The authors have previously shown that astrocytes in the dentate‐molecular layers express vesicular glutamate transporters on synaptic‐like microvesicles (SLMVs). By confocal microscopy, the authors, in this study, show that vesicles by a family of glutamate transporters 1 (VGLUT1) labeling was clearly present within astrocytic processes (diameter > 1 μm) in several brain regions; the dentate‐molecular layers, the stratum radiatum of CA1 hippocampus, the frontal cortex, and the striatum. At the electron microscopic level, immunogold cytochemistry showed the presence of VGLUT1 gold particles over SLMVs in delicate astrocytic processes (cross‐sectional diameter < 500 nm) in all the above‐mentioned brain regions. When measuring the distance from the membrane of SLMVs in astrocytes to the closest VGLUT1 gold particle, it turned out that most gold particles (above 95 %) were located within 25 nm from the membrane, strongly suggesting that VGLUT1 is present in SLMVs in the astrocytes. Finally, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry shows that VGLUT1 labeling was concentrated in astrocytic processes from wild type, and not in VGLUT1 knock out hippocampus. The authors have concluded that astrocytes not only in the dentate‐molecular layers but also in stratum radiatum of CA1 hippocampus, frontal cortex, and the striatum possess SLMVs carrying VGLUT1, suggesting that astrocytes in all these brain regions are capable of vesicular release of glutamate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of new ceramidine derivatives
Authors: Park Byung Sun , Lee Sang Woo , Kim In Tae , Tae Jin Sung , Lee So Ha
Published: October 2011

A series of new ceramidine derivatives 8a–f has been synthesized in 4–5 steps involving a Wittig reaction of ceramidonine with various triphenylphosphonium bromides. Their UV and photoluminescence (PL) properties are reported. The compounds showed medium to strong PL between 502 and 522 nm at a concentration of 1 × 10−5 M CH2Cl2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:66–73, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20753
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new 1‐{[4‐(4‐Halogenophenyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐ triazol‐3‐yl]sulfanyl}acetyl‐4‐substituted thiosemicarbazides and products of their cyclization
Authors: Trotsko Nazar , Król Jakub , Siwek Agata , Wujec Monika , Kosikowska Urszula , Malm Anna
Published: October 2011

By the reaction of hydrazides of 4‐(4‐halogenophenyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl‐sulfanyl acetic acid with isothiocyanate, 1‐acyl‐4‐substituted thiosemicarbazide derivatives (7–19) were obtained. The cyclization of compounds (7–19) in the presence of 2% NaOH led to the formation of compounds (20–26) containing two 1,2,4‐triazole rings connected by a methylenesulfanyl group. The new compounds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Some of the tested compounds (9, 12, 18, 21, 22) showed activity against the reference strains of Gram‐positive bacteria with the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) = 125 to >1000 μg/mL. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:117–121, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20758
Synthesis of new dibenzo[c.e][1,2]oxaphosphorine 2‐oxide containing diols based on diethanolamine
Authors: Bykov Yana , Wagner Sebastian , Walter Olaf , Döring Manfred , Fischer Oliver , Pospiech Doris , Köppl Thomas , Altstädt Volker
Published: October 2011

Different approaches were applied to obtain new diol compounds based on dibenzo[c.e][1,2]oxaphosphorine 2‐oxide (DOPO, 1) and diethanolamine (DEolA). Of four processes investigated, a four‐step synthesis of 1 containing propionic acid amide of DEolA proved to be the most efficient one. In addition, the intramolecular amine salt of the DOPO derivative with a ring‐opened structure was obtained by reinvestigation of the reaction of DOPO with DEolA and paraformaldehyde. The Atherton–Todd reaction of 1 and DEolA was investigated as well. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:146–153, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20763
Tongue cancers during pregnancy: Case reports and review of literature
Authors: Mhallem Gziri Mina , Han Sileny N. , Van Calsteren Kristel , Heyns Liesbeth , Delaere Pierre , Nuyts Sandra , Van den Heuvel Frank , Cheron Anne–Céline , Fossion Eric , Van den Weyngaert Danielle , Lok Christianne , Amant Frédéric
Published: October 2011

Background

Due to its rarity, there is no standard treatment for tongue cancers that concur with pregnancy. Treatment depends on the stage of cancer, gestational age of the pregnancy, and the wish of the mother to maintain the pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to review the literature and to report 5 new cases.

Methods

Twelve cases of tongue cancer during pregnancy were already reported between 1987 and 2009. We report 5 new cases and first administration of concomitant radiochemotherapy for tongue cancer.

Results

Median age of the patients was 29 years, 65% of diagnoses were made after the first trimester of pregnancy. Different treatment modalities are used to treat tongue cancer during pregnancy.

Conclusion

We hypothesize that tongue cancer treatment adhering to standard protocols provides the best guarantee to cure the mother. Based on a growing experience and insight taking fetal safety into consideration, the available data suggest that standard treatment is a realistic option. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Distributed hydrological model transferability across basins with different hydro‐climatic characteristics
Authors: Hunukumbura P.B. , Tachikawa Yasuto , Shiiba Michiharu
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we investigated the transferability of a distributed hydrological model to better realize flood predictions at ungauged basins with different hydro‐climatic characteristics. First, the transferability of a distributed hydrological model's parameters calibrated at the basin outlet in order to make consistent predictions at ungauged internal sub‐basins for a range of floods with different initial conditions is investigated. It is found that the transferred model parameters can be used to make reasonable predictions at ungauged internal sub‐basins for flood events with wet initial conditions. In contrast, the prediction accuracy at internal sub‐basins is found to be low for floods that have initially dry conditions. By incorporating the spatial heterogeneity of the parameters, depending on the topography, we are better able to predict floods with initially dry conditions.

Secondly, to investigate the transferability of a distributed hydrological model for basins with different characteristics, the model is applied to three basins: the Illinois basin in the US, the Mae Chaem basin in Thailand and the Upper Kotmale basin in Sri Lanka. After analyzing the accuracy of event‐based flood predictions, we found that the present model gives comparatively accurate predictions at the wet and moderate slope Upper Kotmale basin. However, the prediction accuracy at the dry and moderate slope Mae Chaem basin and at the dry and mild slope Illinois basin is low. It was concluded that the present model structure, which gives reasonable predictions for wet and steep slope basins, can be transferred to wet and moderate slope basins. Adopting a different model structure is necessary to obtain the transferability for dry and mild slope or dry and moderate slope basins. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between observation intervals and errors in radar rainfall estimation over the Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Yokoi Satoru , Nakayama Yu , Agata Yasushi , Satomura Takehiko , Kuraji Koichiro , Matsumoto Jun
Published: October 2011

Although several meteorological radars are operated routinely in Southeast Asian countries, their observation frequencies are sometimes only one or two times per hour. To examine the usability of such poorly sampled observation data, this study investigated the relationship between the observation interval and the estimation error of radar rainfall intensity. The data sets analysed were the radar reflectivity data obtained from the Om Koi S‐band radar located in northern Thailand, which operates at approximately 5‐min intervals, and the surface rainfall data of rain gauges installed in the Mae Chaem Watershed, which has a catchment area of 3853 km2. Through the calibration of parameters in a relationship equation between the rainfall intensity and the reflectivity, hourly rainfall intensities were estimated successfully with high accuracy. The reflectivity data with a poor temporal resolution were constructed by resampling the original 5‐min‐interval data. The comparison of hourly rainfall intensities estimated from the resampled data with those from the original data reveals that the root mean square error can be expressed as a function of the observation interval and grid size of the radar rainfall intensity product. We conclude that even 30‐min intervals of reflectivity data are useful for estimating the average hourly rainfall intensity over the Mae Chaem Watershed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating groundwater recharge in lowland watersheds
Authors: Callahan Timothy J. , Vulava Vijay M. , Passarello Michael C. , Garrett C. Guinn
Published: October 2011

Little attention has been given to the role of groundwater in the hydrological cycle of lowland watersheds. Our objective in this study was to estimate total recharge to groundwater by analysing water table response to storm events and the rate at which water was transferred into the shallow aquifer. This was conducted at three sites in a rural watershed in the lower Atlantic coastal plain near Charleston, South Carolina, USA. A novel version of the water table fluctuation method was used to estimate total recharge to the shallow aquifer by comparing hourly data of water table position following storm events and measuring water table recession behavior, rather than subjective graphical analysis methods. Also, shallow aquifer recharge rates (vertical fluxes) were estimated using Darcy's Law by comparing static water levels in a water table well and in a shallow piezometer during dry periods. The total annual recharge estimated ranged from 107 ± 39 mm·yr–1 (5–10% of annual precipitation) at a poorly drained topographic low area to 1140 ± 230 mm·yr–1 (62–94% of annual precipitation) for a moderately well‐drained upland site. The average aquifer recharge rate was 114 ± 60 mm·yr–1, which is similar to previous estimations of base flow for the ephemeral third‐order streams in this watershed. The difference in the two methods may have been caused by processes not accounted for in the Darcy flux method, soil moisture deficits, and average evapotranspiration demand, which is about 1100 mm·yr–1 for this region. Although other factors also can affect partitioning of recharge, an integrated approach to inspecting easily gathered groundwater data can provide information on an often neglected aspect of water budget estimation. We also discuss the effects of land use change on recharge reduction, given a typical development scenario for the region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.