bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THORACOLUMBAR SPONDYLODISCITIS AND THE SURGICAL APPROACH: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Graells Xavier Soler I , Kulcheski Alynson Larocca , Bondan Eduardo Teston , Benato Marcel Luiz , Santoro Pedro Grain del
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Objectives: Spondylodiscitis is a rare, late diagnosis disease. In view of the morbidity and mortality associated to the delayed diagnosis and increase of the cases in the last years, this study was carried out in order to evaluate the operated cases and improve the management of these patients.. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study involving 1440 patients submitted to a surgical procedure in the thoracolumbar spine from January 2015 to March 2017, including 49 cases operated by spondylodiscitis. Results: Results: Severe complications requiring ICU admission (pulmonary or urinary tract sepsis and DVT) were observed in 7 (8.5%) individuals, whose mean hospital stay was 35 days (10-170 days) [p=0.006]. Conclusions: Conclusion: A correlation between the number of days hospitalized and the increase in the rate of complications was found. Early surgery by the anterior approach and posterior fixation after 2 weeks is the treatment of choice, with low morbidity and short period of hospitalization. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective Study.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SHORT AND LONG INSTRUMENTATION IN THE TREATMENT OF THORACOLUMBAR FRACTURES CONSIDERING THE LIGAMENTOUS PORTION
Authors: Hubner André Rafael , Ribeiro Danilo Mourão , Dassoler Eduardo , Gasparin Daniel , Israel Charles Leonardo , Spinelli Leandro de Freitas
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to numerically evaluate the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, comparing the strengths between the long and short fixations using the pedicle of the fractured vertebra, taking into account the supraspinous, intertransverse, and anterior longitudinal ligaments. Methods: A numerical analysis of the techniques of long and short fixation of a thoracolumbar spine fracture was performed using computed tomography images that were converted into three-dimensional models and analyzed through the ANSYS program. The two types of treatments were analyzed considering the tensions generated in the immediate postoperative period, when the fracture has not yet been consolidated. The anterior, posterior, supraspinal and intertransverse longitudinal ligaments were added, in addition to considering different vertebral geometries. Results: Taking into account that the maximum tensile stress of the material used in the metal implant, in the case of titanium, was 960 MPa, the highest tension found in the analysis of the short instrumentation was 346.83 MPa, reaching only 36.13% of the load the material supports, being, therefore, within a safety limit. The analysis performed in the spine with long instrumentation showed the highest tension value of 229.22 MPa. Conclusions: Considering the values found and the resistance of the synthesis material used, the short and long fixation can be considered in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with similarity and a good safety coefficient. Level of Evidence III; Case-Control.
USE OF ALAR-ILIAC S2 SCREW TECHNIQUE IN SCOLIOSIS SECONDARY TO MYELOMENINGOCELE
Authors: Brasil Neto Coracy Gonçalves , Ávila Luiz Müller , Grimm Dulce Helena , Aguiar Carlos Abreu de , Rocha Luis Eduardo Munhoz da
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate retrospectively the results related to the use of pelvic fixation with alar-iliac S2 screw in individuals with myelomeningocele. Methods: Retrospective study of cases surgically treated with this technique, between January 2015 and March 2018 at the Pequeno Principe Children's Hospital. Radiographic images and clinical records were analyzed in search of complications. Results: Twelve patients with mean age of 13.3 years were treated at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up was 11.5 months. The mean of the highest magnitude curve measured by the Cobb angle in the preoperative period was 83.8°; while in the last postoperative follow-up was 29.5° (correction of 65%). The mean pelvic obliquity was 23.1° in the preoperative period and in the postoperative was 7.1° (correction of 69%). Only 2 cases (17%) with complications associated with material failure at the level of sacroiliac fixation, due to the unilateral release of the head of the polyaxial S2 iliac screw. Conclusions: The technique of pelvic fixation in the scoliosis secondary to myelomeningocele with the use of S2 alar-iliac screws has shown satisfactory results, with only two complications (17%) directly related to pelvic fixation in the operated cases. Level of Evidence IV; Series of Cases.
SPONDYLODISCITIS INVESTIGATION AND THERAPEUTIC PROTOCOL: NEUROSURGERY SERVICE RESULTS
Authors: Finger Guilherme , Cecchini André Martins de Lima , Sfreddo Ericson , Cecchini Felipe Martins de Lima , Lunardi Luciano Werle , Nascimento Tobias Ludwig do , Falavigna Asdrubal
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: Spondylodiscitis is still a frequent pathology among neurosurgical services, and its correct treatment involves infectious, neurological and orthopedic goals. The authors describe the protocol and report the diagnostic and therapeutic results after its implementation. Methods: A prospective prognostic study (Level I) including patients with primary spondylodiscitis treated in the Neurosurgical Service of Cristo Redentor Hospital from January 2014 to March 2018. Demographic, spine, infectious and treatment-related variables were analyzed. The numerical variables are presented as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range (according to their parametricity), and are compared by the student's t-Test or Mann-Whitney U Test, respectively. Results: Thirty seven patients were included. The sexes were evenly distributed, with predominantly Caucasians, and a mean age of 56.89 ±15.33. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes were the most frequent comorbidities. Vertebral lumbar level was the most involved segment. Pathogens were identified in 34 cases (91%), with Staphylococcus aureus being the most prevalent, followed by Koch Bacilli. Inflammatory markers are higher in pyogenic infections at hospital admission, but lower at hospital discharge when compared to tuberculous discitis (p<0.01). Mean hospital stay was higher in the pyogenic group. Conclusion: The protocol described has a high diagnostic level of the pathogen, with cure of infection and satisfactory neurologic outcome in all cases. Level of Evidence I, Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.
TRANSLATION AND ADAPTATION OF THE “LUMBAR STIFFNESS DISABILITY INDEX” QUESTIONNAIRE INTO PORTUGUESE
Authors: Guarçoni Netto Angelo , Marchi Luis , Pokorny Gabriel , Amaral Rodrigo , Jensen Rubens , Pratali Raphael , Herrero Carlos Fernando , Jacob Junior Charbel , Smith Justin , Miller Emily , Daher Murilo , Machado Igor , Pimenta Luiz
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a version of the Lumbar Stiffness Disability Index (LSDI), translated into Portuguese and culturally adapted for the Brazilian population. Methods: The well-established process of translation into Portuguese and back translation into English was used together with cultural adaptation. Results: Five bilingual translators (English and Portuguese) performed the translation of the Lumbar Stiffness Disability Index (LSDI) from English to Portuguese based on interactive discussions used to arrive at a consensus translation. The translated version of LSDI was then translated into English by a native English-speaking translator who did not know the concepts involved in LSDI. The original LSDI and back translation were compared by a committee formed by the translators responsible for translating the original into Portuguese and a North-American spine surgeon, and because they were considered equivalent, the final version of the LSDI translated into Portuguese and culturally adapted was defined. Conclusions: In order to facilitate global and cross-cultural comparisons of the influence of lumbar stiffness related to spinal arthrodesis in daily activities, this study presents a version of LSDI that has been translated into Portuguese and culturally adapted for the Brazilian population. Level of Evidence; Not Applicable. Prospective Study.
INTER-OBSERVER REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE “LUMBAR FACET HYPERSIGNAL CLASSIFICATION” AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF PFIRRMANN
Authors: Rodrigues Luciano Miller Reis , Cesar André Evaristo Marcondes , Asano Leonardo Yukio Jorge , Carvalho Cláudio Diniz , Bisson Gustavo , Andrade Vinícius Alves de , Campos Zélia Maria de Sousa
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the inter-observer relationship of the “lumbar facet hypersignal classification” and the correlation with disc degeneration. Methods: Retrospective study of magnetic resonance images obtained from 24 (N=24) patients (9 males and 15 females), aged 35 to 79 years, mean age 48 years and 1 month. The images were reviewed by two spine surgeons, by five orthopedists in training in the specialty of spine surgery and one radiologist to evaluate and quantify the presence of hypersignal lumbar facet and the Pfirrmann Classification for disc degeneration. Results: One hundred and twenty lumbar discs and their joint facets were evaluated by the eight examiners, with data analyzed by the Cronbach test and the Spearman Correlation Analysis with statistically high results, confirming good inter-observer relation for the “Lumbar Facet Hypersignal Classification” and for the classification of Pfirrmann. There was no statistically significant relationship between facet arthrosis and disc degeneration. Conclusions: The results confirm that there is good inter-observer relationship for the classification of Facet Hypersignal and for the Classification of Pfirrmann. However, in spite of a positive relationship, a correlation between facet arthrosis and disc degeneration was not statistically significant. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective Comparative Study.
Infrastructure scour management: a case study for A68 Galadean Bridge, UK
Authors: Koursari Eftychia , Wallace Stuart
Published: June 2019

Scour can be responsible for compromising the stability of bridges and, if not identified early and adequately addressed, can lead to the catastrophic failure of a structure. BD 97/12 of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges is used for the assessment of bridges and other structures over or adjacent to a watercourse and allows application of risk ratings based on variable circumstances and therefore a logical approach to investment in scour-related issues. Structures considered to be particularly at risk of scour are being subject to reactive safety inspections following events likely to increase water levels. This study describes efforts to use engineering measures for increased protection against scouring at A68 240 Galadean Bridge, UK. In this case, sediment transport has formed an island upstream of the structure, introducing a bend into what used to be a straight section of Leader Water, resulting in the river being redirected towards the western riverbank. As a result, the northwestern embankment of the A68, the outer side of the bend, has been significantly eroded. This case study emphasises the importance of changes in the morphology of a watercourse to be identified at early stages.
Refurbishing the historic Old Tweed Bridge, Scotland – the challenges and innovations
Authors: Grubb Andrew , O'Connor Kieran , McDonald Hazel
Published: June 2019

The historic Old Tweed Bridge is a three-span listed masonry arch crossing the River Tweed. Structural integrity concerns resulted in the bridge being temporarily closed to the public and propped. This paper discusses the challenges associated with the construction works necessary to refurbish the bridge permanently. The works involved installing a temporary propping and encapsulation structure, excavating the bridge infill, taking down and rebuilding the walls, casting a concrete saddle above the arches, waterproofing and resurfacing. Other innovative works involved closing the gap between the voussoirs and arch barrel using a bespoke arch pulling system and repairing voussoir stones in situ with a lime-based material. There were significant environmental challenges on the project as the bridge is located in an ecologically sensitive area. The River Tweed is one of the UK's great salmon rivers, which restricted working in the river and required strict pollution controls. Alternative roosts for bats were provided and netting was required around the bridge as part of an advanced works contract to mitigate the risk of birds nesting in the bridge.
Modularisation and offsite in engineering construction: an early decision-support tool
Authors: Goodier Chris , Gibb Alistair , Mancini Mauro , Turck Christoph , Gjepali Osman , Daniels Edwin
Published: June 2019

Modularisation and offsite manufacture are increasing in the engineering construction sector. Decision-support tools for determining a project’s suitability for offsite modular construction are currently limited or outdated, leading to decisions being based mainly around capital cost, experience or intuition. This paper reports on the development of a robust, empirically based decision-support tool for decision makers and clients. A mixed method methodology was conducted involving engineering construction clients, contractors, consultants and suppliers from all over Europe, after which the tool was developed, piloted and validated with practising engineers. It is the first globally applicable tool enabling informed and auditable decisions on using an offsite modular approach for project delivery.
A disaggregated stochastic life-loss model for extreme hydraulic events
Authors: Coombs Rhys
Published: June 2019

The risk factors affecting sheltering populations (i.e. those taking refuge in buildings) are different from those affecting exposed populations (i.e. those on the road). Until now, there have been few stochastic models that account for these differences in risk and historically only lumped stochastic models were applied. This paper presents an alternative and a new life-loss model which allows sheltering and exposed populations to be disaggregated, and for sheltering populations to have a risk profile coupled with anticipated building damage. The new methodology was developed to allow point application for use in two-dimensional hydraulic models.
Field load tests and modelling of soft foundation reinforced by soilbags
Authors: Wang L. , Liu S. , Liao J. , Fan K.
Published: June 2019

A study was performed to investigate the bearing capacity of foundations reinforced by soilbags filled with excavated soft soils by conducting field load tests and numerical analysis. The effect of the number of reinforcement layers on the bearing capacity of the soilbag-reinforced foundation was investigated. Both the experimental and numerical studies indicated that soilbag reinforcement with reused excavated soft soils as the contained soilbag material can substantially improve the bearing capacity of the soft foundation and reduce settlement under vertical loading conditions. The bearing capacity was also found to increase with increasing number of soilbag reinforcement layers. The numerical analysis indicated that stress dispersion occurred through the soilbag reinforcement to reduce the load transferred to the underlying soft soils. High-quality compaction of the soilbag layers during construction is very important to improve bearing capacity. In addition, the excess pore water pressure generated in the soft foundation was less with the soilbag reinforcement and decreased with an increasing number of reinforcement layers due to the relatively high permeability of the soilbag reinforcement.
Load-sharing mechanism of non-displacement piled-raft foundation in sand
Authors: Hanna Adel M. , Vakili Rouzbeh
Published: June 2019

Piled-raft foundations are recognised for sharing the total load by both the piles and the raft. The economic benefits of this system lead to its popularity in practice; however, research in this field has continued to lag behind owing to the difficulties associated with modelling and availability of field data. This is due to the fact that the load-sharing mechanism of the piled-raft foundation is a complex soil–structure interaction problem, which is governed by the pile/raft/geometry/soil condition and by their by-product parameters. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on a prototype model of a piled-raft foundation in sand. The effects of the governing parameters on the load-sharing mechanism are examined. The results of this investigation show that pile spacing and settlement govern the load-sharing mechanism between the piles and the raft. A widely accepted analytical model in the literature was modified in this study to take into account the effect of settlements and pile spacing on the load-sharing mechanism in a piled-raft system. The theory developed is validated by the current experimental results and those available in the literature. The design procedure is presented as a guide in the design of the piled-raft foundation in sand.
Experimental investigation into the reduction of erosion of sand at high flow velocities
Authors: Foortse Björn , Visser Paul J. , Bisschop Rik , Van Rhee Cees
Published: June 2019

Significant reduction of the rate of erosion of a sand bed is obtained when sand is mixed with a small amount of bentonite. In previous experiments this behaviour has already been shown for relatively low flow velocities. In this case, the erosion process is dominated by grain-by-grain erosion, which is characterised by low ratios of the erosion velocity and permeability (ve/k < 3). It is unknown whether these reductions in the erosion process also occur at relatively high flow velocities, where dilatancy-reduced erosion dominates (ve/k > 3). Experiments were executed in a tilting flume to investigate the erosion rate of the sand–bentonite mixtures. In 13 different tests, the dry volume percentage of the bentonite additive, the diameter of the sand particles and the depth-averaged flow velocity were varied. The depth-averaged flow velocities ranged from 1 to 2 m/s and all erosion tests were performed under supercritical flow conditions. The experiments show that the bentonite additive did not influence the strength characteristics of the sand however the permeability did decrease significantly. This proves that the significant decrease of the erosion rate was caused by the decrease of the permeability of the sand and that the test conditions were in the dilatancy-reduced regime.
Oppioid oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Erciyes Mountain (Kayseri, Turkey)
Authors: Toluk Ayşe , Bayram Yanmaz Seval , Şahin Efe Zeliha
Published: June 2019

Eight oppioid taxa
belonging 7 genera and 4 families of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida), namely Cosmogneta ozkani Toluk, Ayyıldız and
Subías, 2007, Ramusella (Insculptoppia) insculpta (Paoli, 1908), Anomaloppia
ozkani Ayyıldız, 1989, Oppiella (Oppiella) nova nova (Oudemans, 1902), Berniniella
(Berniniella) serratirostris hauseri (Mahunka, 1974), Berniniella (Berniniella)
bicarinata (Paoli, 1908), Epimerella subiasi Toluk and Ayyıldız,
2008 and Quadroppia (Coronoquadroppia) nasalis Gordeeva, 1983 collected from Erciyes Mountain, Kayseri in
2012, were evaluated from taxonomically to contribute to the knowledge of the
Turkish mite fauna. All of the mites are new records for the Erciyes mountain. Morphological
features of the taxa are presented by scanning electron microscopic images according
to collected samples. The
key for these taxa is also given.
Family’s experience in Caring of Cancer Patient undergoing Oral Chemotherapy : A Study Phenomenology
Authors: Huda Nurul , Erwin Erwin , Febriyanti Eka
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe use of Oral Chemotherapy is increasing nowadays. Family who directly involve in caring the patient should be aware of the side effect and how to handle this agent safely. Phenomenology approach of qualitative study was conducted to get illustration regarding family experience in managing care of patient receiving oral chemotherapy. Data was collected by semi structured interviewed. Study gathered from 10 participants who meet criteria. The current study showed that three temathic item related to how they manage care to their family’s member. Those are 1) Lack of knolwedge about oral chemotherapy, 2) Confusing in handling safe oral chemotherapy and 3) lack of ability in caring patients when  side effect appeared and following adherence. These three things are considered lacked by the patients.  Therefore, health care professional especially nurses are expected to give more education and attention about administering oral chemotherapy agents, safe handling, adherence and managing side effects  both of in clinical and home setting. Multi-component interventions that include education, equipment, and technology can improve compliance with oral chemotherapy and will help families to secure and provide the appropriate affection to them.ABSTRAKPenggunaan kemoterapi oral semakin meningkat saat ini. Keluarga yang secara langsung terlibat dalam merawat pasien harus menyadari efek samping dan cara menangani terapi ini dengan aman. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai pengalaman keluarga dalam mengelola perawatan pasien yang menerima kemoterapi oral. Data dikumpulkan secara semi terstruktur melalui wawancara. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 10 partisipan keluarga yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  terdapat tiga tema terkait bagaimana keluarga merawat pasien dengan oral chemotherapy di rumah. Ketiga tema tersebut adalah 1) kurangnya pengetahuan keluarga tentang oral kemoterapi, 2) kebingungan keluarga dalam penanganan keamanan oral chemotherapy dan 3) ketidakmampuan keluarga dalam menangani efek samping dan menjaga kepatuhan. Ketiga hal ini dianggap masih belum bisa dilakukan oleh keluarga dan membutuhkan bimbingan serta informasi dari petugas kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, petugas kesehatan professional terutama perawat diharapkan dapat memberikan edukasi dan perhatian yang lebih kepada keluarga  tentang bagaimana pemberian kemoterapi oral yang baik, penanganan yang aman serta peningkatan kepatuhan dalam menjalani perawatan. Memberikan intervensi multikomponen yang mencakup pendidikan, peralatan pendukung, dan teknologi dipercayai dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dalam perawatan dan kepatuhan dalam menjalani kemoterapi oral, sehingga  dapat membantu keluarga untuk memberikan rasa aman dan kasih sayang yang kepada pasien.
Semiconductor Sensor With Loaded SnO2 Nanoparticles For Early Warning Of Indoor Fires
Authors: Maksymovyc Nelly , Oleksenko Ludmila , Fedorenko Georgiy , Arinarkhova Ganna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: June 2019

Nanosized tin dioxide material with an average particle size of 10-11 nm was prepared by a sol-gel method. The material has been tested as a gas sensitive layer of a semiconductor sensor. Platinum was introduced into the gas sensitive layer to increase the sensor response to hydrogen. It was shown that the Pt-containing sensor has high sensitivity to hydrogen: its electrical resistance changes in 9.2 times in the presence of 22 ppm H2 in air. It was demonstrated that the sensor applicable to a wide range of H2 measurements in air (3-935 ppm) and has a fast dynamic response. The sensor demonstrates rather good reproducibility of its signal to H2 and withstands hydrogen overload (935 ppm) without a loss of its sensitivity to H2 microconcentration (22 ppm). The results are prospective for applying the sensor in the detectors for early warning of indoor fires.
WHO Ten threats to global health in 2019: Antimicrobial resistance.
Authors: THANGARAJU Pugazhenthan , VENKATESAN Sajitha
Published: June 2019

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SEÇİMLİK BİR HAK OLARAK BULÛĞ MUHAYYERLİĞİ
Authors: DİRİK Mehmet
Published: June 2019

Özet

Muhayyerlik, akitlerde hak
sahibine seçme, cayma ve ürünlerden birini seçme gibi iradî yetkiler
sağlamaktadır. Diğer akitlerde olduğu gibi nikâh akdinde de çeşitli
muhayyerlikler vardır. Bu muhayyerliklerden biri de bulûğ muhayyerliğidir. Bu
muhayyerliğin gayesi, Hanefî müctehidlerin baba ve babanın babası dışında geniş
bir akraba topluluğuna tanıdıkları cebrî velâyet yetkisinden kaynaklanması
mutemel kusurları ve suiistimalleri dengelemektir. Hak sahibi, şayet adına
akdedilmiş nikâha razı değilse öngörülen zamanda akdin feshi yönünde iradesini
beyan edebilecektir. Ancak akdin feshi yönündeki beyanın sonuç doğurması
talebin yargıya taşınmasına bağlıdır. Bünyesinde bulûğ muhayyerliği bulunan
akit, hakkın kullanılma aşamasına kadar gayri lâzım bir karakter taşımaktadır.
Bir tür mevkufiyet görünümü arz etse de bu nitelikteki bir akit teknik anlamda
mevkuf sayılmaz. Bu makalede akit tekniği açısından bulûğ muhayyerliği ele
alınmış ve çeşitli yönlerden değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.

Abstract

Right of option
provides for title holder voluntary authorisation like choice, retract, choose
one of the products in treaties. As in other treaties there are several rights
of option in the marriage contract. One of these rights of option is right of
option in puberty. The aim of this kind of right of option is that Hanafi
interpreters balance abuses and block the possible faults which originate from
parental power that they had entitled large relatives except from the father
and the father of the father. The title holder would be able to declarate his
intention in projected time if she does not agree marriage contract. However
resulting of declaration depends on demand’s submission to the court. The
treaty which embodies of option has an avoidable characteristic till the stage
of exercising the right. Even though it is seen like that this is an obligatory
situation, this kind of treaty is not counted compulsive technically. In this
article, the right of option in puberty has discussed and evaluated in terms of
some aspects.
Give me liberty or give me money: the fiscal decentralization and autonomy of regional governance in Slovakia
Authors: Mihálik Jaroslav , Horváth Peter , Švikruha Martin
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study is to focus on fiscal decentralization and regional financial autonomy in Slovakia. The public administration reform and fiscal decentralization process in Slovakia ought to increase the autonomy of the multi-level governance and to decrease its dependency on state budgeting and other transfers. We argue that regional territorial governance is greatly dependent on financial incentives from central state financing, which limits the expected effect of decentralization and regional fiscal autonomy. By collecting quantitative data on state transfers and revenues to regional governments we demonstrate the limits of spatial, financial and decision-making autonomy within particular regions. The selected time frame 2005-2016 reflects all stages, reforms and changes in the fiscal decentralization of the second level governance in Slovakia.
MUHASEBE, FİNANS VE PAZARLAMA PERSPEKTİFİNDEN TÜRK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE PAZARLANAN KREDİLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ (2009 - 2015 DÖNEMİ ANALİZİ)
Authors: Kızıl Cevdet , Akman Vedat , Kale Pelin
Published: June 2019

Bireylerin, işletmelerin veya
kurumların gereksinimlerini gideren ve bu devinim sürecinde bankalara getiri
sunarak karı sağlayan kaynaklara kredi denilmektedir. Krediler, bankalara kar
sağladığından önemli bir getiri unsurudur. Dolayısıyla, bankalar için kredi
pazarlama faaliyetleri büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada da kredi pazarlama
ve kredilerde verimlilik ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada bankacılığın kavramsal
çerçevesi ve tarihi gibi bilgiler verildikten sonra, kredi pazarlamaya ilişkin
açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Ardından, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu
(BDDK) raporlarında yer alan veriler kullanılarak 2009-2015 dönemi için Türk
bankacılık sektöründe pazarlanan kredilerin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.
Veriler, Microsoft Excel ve Microsoft Word programları kullanılarak şekiller
(grafikler) üzerinde sunulmuş ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre,
2009 yılında oldukça düşük olan banka kredilerinin genel dağılımı 2015 yılının
sonunda çok büyük bir yükseliş arz etmiştir. Dolayısıyla, Türkiye’deki bankalar
bir kriz halinde sadece ticari
kredi portföyüne bağlı olarak değil, bunun yanında bireysel kredi portföyüne
bağlı olarak da zararla karşı karşıya gelebilirler. Diğer krediler gibi
(devlet ve ticari krediler),
bireysel konut kredilerinin de
bankalarca sigortalanması doğru
olacaktır. Türk
bankacılık sektöründe kredi ürünlerine talep de giderek yükselmiştir. Bireysel
krediler her yıl önemli bir artış göstermiş, 2015 yılında KOBİ kredileri ile hemen
hemen aynı seviyeye ulaşmıştır. Bankalarda kredilerin toplam aktiflere oranı da
gittikçe artmaktadır. En fazla kredi kullandıran bankalar, özel bankalardır.
América Latina y las transiciones en el poder global: el caso de Brasil
Authors: Rayran Cortés Manuel Alejandro , Aristizábal Vásquez Andrés Sebastián
Published: June 2019

Durante los últimos veintiocho años, la es­tructura del sistema internacional ha sufrido cambios que han reconfigurado las capacida­des de los Estados y su correlación de fuerzas, creando oportunidades para países que se proyectan como emergentes y desafíos para los Estados Unidos que busca mantener su poder configurador del orden mundial. Estas transformaciones constitutivas evidencian que, durante el inicio siglo xxi, el mundo ha ingresado a un nuevo ciclo de disputa entre potencias, obligando a los países de América Latina a aplicar estrategias para insertarse en el inédito orden y así lograr oportunidades para incidir en la agenda internacional. Ese es el caso de Brasil, que bajo gobiernos posliberales, se perfiló como el líder de Suramérica y buscó llegar a ser una potencia emergente.
Consistencia, pragmatismo y resiliencia de la política exterior peruana en una crisis política estructural
Authors: Guerra Barón Angélica
Published: June 2019

Este artículo argumenta que Perú ofrece una riqueza empírica valiosa para comprender el pragmatismo de la política exterior y la forma como los discursos de la élite se estructuran y redibujan, intentando privilegiar las acciones y los resultados consistentemente, sobre las posturas ideológicas. A pesar de la inestabi­lidad política de los ochentas y noventas y de los escándalos de corrupción de este siglo por parte de los más altos tomadores de decisión peruanos, Torre Tagle intenta actuar consis­tentemente de conformidad con los lineamientos de la política exterior, acogiendo un enfoque que privilegia los resultados. Para el análisis, recurro a cinco variables analíticas: el discurso presidencial, el perfil de la élite de la política exterior, la corrupción presidencial, los mecanismos de inserción internacional, el crecimiento económico y el desempeño in­ternacional. El período de tiempo analizado comprende los años 1990-2015, con algunas referencias a sucesos ocurridos entre los años 1985-1990 y 2015-2019.
Los Brics y las relaciones Sur-Sur: la participación de India
Authors: Barrera Gutiérrez Rafael Andrés
Published: June 2019

El presente escrito muestra la importancia actual de la India en los Brics gracias a su crecimiento económico reciente el cual, de seguir en esa senda, le puede permitir mejo­rar sus posibilidades de influir en la política internacional y ser realmente un contrapeso a naciones hegemónicas. Se señala que hay bastantes condiciones, tanto internas como externas, que limitan las posibilidades de te­ner mejores resultados a nivel de crecimiento y desarrollo económico y social, así como de influencia política. Finalmente, se señala que las relaciones con América Latina, en general, son incipientes pero prometedoras.
La paradiplomacia. Una aproximación a las nuevas teorías
Authors: Mejía Martínez Leonardo
Published: June 2019

El siguiente artículo presenta una aproxi­mación teórica de la paradiplomacia, como elemento indispensable en el desarrollo de las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas, en donde la diversidad de actores ha llevado a los entes subnacionales y organizaciones no gu­bernamentales, a lograr espacios más amplios en la solución de problemáticas que hasta hace poco tiempo solo concernían a los Estados; de tal forma que, puede ayudar a dar un marco teórico y conceptual de esta rama poco estu­diada, dentro de la política internacional, pero de alta relevancia en la respuesta oportuna a los problemas contemporáneos que se dan en distintas partes del mundo.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ МАРШРУТОВ ПРОКЛАДКИ МАГИСТРАЛЬНОГО ТРУБОПРОВОДА ДЛЯ ТРАНСПОРТИРОВКИ ГЕОРЕСУРСОВ
Authors: Токтошов Гулжигит Ысакович , Юргенсон Анастасия Николаевна , Мигов Денис Александрович
Published: June 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью транспортировки добытого георесурса от месторождений до их переработки, с целью дальнейшего распределения между потребителями ресурсов различного назначения. В связи с этим актуальным является задача выбора маршрута прокладки магистрального трубопровода, осуществляющего транспортировку георесурсов от места добычи до мест их переработки. При этом должна быть обеспечена минимальность капитальных вложений и эксплуатационных затрат, а также надёжность функционирования магистрального трубопровода в условиях непредвиденных природно-техногенных воздействий. Цель: предложить новый метод для прокладки магистрального трубопровода, учитывающий совместимость или несовместимость различных типов трубопроводного транспорта в одном техническом коридоре, а также надежность их функционирования. Объекты: магистральный трубопровод, прокладываемый на заданной территории. Методы: методы теории графов и теории гиперсетей; методы эволюционного синтеза; компьютерное моделирование процесса транспортировки георесурсов; дискретизация области размещения магистрального трубопровода. Результаты. Предложен новый математический аппарат, основанный на модели теории гиперсетей, учитывающий иерархичность структуры проектируемого магистрального трубопровода. На основе гиперсетевого подхода получен новый метод прокладки магистрального трубопровода, учитывающий несовместимость различных типов ресурсов для прокладки в одном техническом коридоре. Разработан двухэтапный метод построения магистрального трубопровода, обеспечивающий минимальность капитальных вложений и эксплуатационных затрат. Кроме того, разработан модифицированный муравьиный алгоритм, обеспечивающий получение не только дешевого решения, но и достаточно надёжного по отношению к заданному порогу, при условии, что сбои происходят в первичной (физической) сети. В качестве показателя надёжности мы рассматриваем минимум среди всех парных вероятностей связности между каждым перерабатывающим пунктом и соответствующим источником. Полученные в ходе исследования численные эксперименты показывают применимость предложенных нами методов.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ В АТМОСФЕРЕ ЗАГРЯЗНЯЮЩИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ ВЫБРОСОВ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЙ НА БАЗЕ ПРОГРАММНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА «SKAT»
Authors: Антонова Александра Михайловна , Воробьев Александр Владимирович , Воробьев Владимир Александрович , Дутова Екатерина Матвеевна , Покровский Виталий Дмитриевич
Published: June 2019

Актуальность рассматриваемой тематики заключается в необходимости повышения точности прогнозирования содержания загрязняющих веществ в атмосферном воздухе от выбросов объектов энергетики, в том числе атомных станций, при проведении независимой оценки. Цель работы: обоснование выбора методики расчета рассеивания газообразных загрязняющих веществ от непрерывно действующих высоких источников с учетом метеорологических факторов и тестирование опыта эксплуатации программного комплекса. Объекты: современные методы расчетов рассеивания выбросов загрязняющих веществ в атмосферном воздухе, рекомендуемые для использования на территории России и методика Пасквилла для расчетов загрязнения от непрерывно действующего высокого источника при различных стационарных метеорологических условиях. Методы: математическое моделирование и расчетный анализ на основе разрабатываемого компьютерного программного комплекса «SKAT». Результаты. Проведен анализ методов по рассеиванию газообразных загрязняющих веществ в атмосфере: МРР-2017 и Пасквилла. Сделан вывод о том, что для расчетов рассеивания газообразных загрязняющих веществ выброса объектов энергетики для различных категорий состояния атмосферы в условиях постоянства метеорологических факторов предпочтительнее использовать методику Пасквилла, основанную на модели Гаусса. Разработанный программный комплекс «SKAT» может быть использован для прогнозирования приземных концентраций загрязняющих веществ и расчетов рассеивания загрязняющих веществ в атмосферном воздухе при решении задач мониторинга выбросов загрязняющих веществ в условиях действующих объектов. Применительно к условиям г. Северска Томской области для проектируемого энергоблока с реактором БРЕСТ-300 и пристанционным ядерным топливным циклом по модели Гаусса проведены расчеты распределения выбросов радионуклидов в приземном слое атмосферы.
Philological Analysis on Normative Historical Practical Term Rahmah in Qur’an
Authors: Rosidin Rosidin , Ja’far Handoko
Published: June 2019

The article philologically analyzes the term rahmah through four data sources. First, al-Qur’an that often mentioned the term rahmah 563 times in 422 verses. Second, the book Shahih Bukhari-Muslim that sets forth the socialization of the term rahmah from insider perspective on the teachings and normative examples of Muhammad. Third,  the book Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sourcesby Martin Lings andThe Venture of Islam byMarshall Hodgson that summonses rahmah socialization from outsider perspective through the life of prophet and muslim.Fourth, the book Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Dinby  al-Ghazali and Toward a Global Civilization of Love and Toleranceby Fethullah Gulen that describes rahmah practice as a way of life for classic and contemporary sufi. By means of three stages philological analysis: Information-socialization-transformation, there are three claims of this article. Information phase, normative definition of term rahmah is a universal affection addressed to all creatures in universe. Socialization phase, normative definition of term rahmah socialized thru the teaching and normative examples of prophet, who assigns rahmah as an identity of muslim whether they are in minority status nor majority one. Rahmah practice socialization strengthened by the life of prophet and Muslim with affection domination rather than hatred. In transformation phase, rahmah appeared asa classic and contemporary sufistic life style that actively spread affection to all creatures with no insight of girded exoteric status. يحلل المقال فلسفيًا مصطلح رحمة من خلال أربعة مصادر للبيانات. أولاً ، القرآن الذي غالبًا ما يذكر مصطلح "رحمه" 563 مرة في 422 آية. ثانياً ، كتاب الشاه البخاري المسلم الذي يحدد التنشئة الاجتماعية لمصطلح رحمة من منظور داخلي على تعاليم محمد وأمثلة معيارية. ثالثًا ، كتاب محمد: حياته استنادًا إلى المصادر الأولى ، مارتن لينغز ومشروع الإسلام بقلم مارشال هودجسون الذي يستدعي التنشئة الاجتماعية للرحمة من منظور خارجي عبر حياة النبي والمسلم. رابعًا ، كتاب "إحيا الدين العلوم الغزالي وإحلال حضارة عالمية من الحب والتسامح ، فتح الله غولن" الذي يصف ممارسة الرحمة بأنها أسلوب حياة للصوفية الكلاسيكية والمعاصرة. عن طريق ثلاث مراحل التحليل اللغوي: المعلومات التنشئة الاجتماعية ، التحول ، وهناك ثلاث مطالبات من هذه المقالة. مرحلة المعلومات ، التعريف المعياري لمصطلح رحمة هو عاطفة عالمية موجهة إلى جميع المخلوقات في الكون. مرحلة التنشئة الاجتماعية ، التعريف المعياري لمصطلح رحمة اجتماعيًا من خلال الأمثلة النبوية التعليمية والتدريسية ، التي تسمي الرحمة بهوية للمسلمين سواء كانوا في وضع الأقلية أو الأغلبية. رحمه ممارسة التنشئة الاجتماعية المعززة من قبل حياة النبي والمسلم مع المودة الهيمنة بدلا من الكراهية. في مرحلة التحول ، ظهرت رحمة على أنها نمط حياة صوفية كلاسيكي وعصري ينشر بنشاط المودة لجميع المخلوقات مع عدم وجود فكرة عن حالة غريبة غريبة.
Modeling Instruction to Promote Student’s Understanding of System and Model of System of Mechanical Energy
Authors: Mustofa Zainul , Asmichatin Anik
Published: June 2019

Understanding of system and model of the system are necessary for conducting an analysis of scientific phenomena. One concept in science that requires system is energy. This research aimed to understand how modeling instruction promoted increasing student’s understanding system and model of a system on mechanical energy material. Research was conducted on 30 students of MIA at SMAN 1 Kertosono. The result showed that student’s understanding of the system and model of the system increased significantly. Series of learning in class showed that at every meeting session, student skill increased from novice to expert. They were able to show how important the system explain the mechanism of energy transfer were. Average N-gain 0.32 (medium category) indicated that modeling instruction was good enough to promote student understanding of the system. Moreover, any misconception about energy was able to prevent and overcome by this learning. By learning, student’s skill to solve new problem had changed approaching expert problem solver. كان فهم أنظمة ونماذج الأنظمة ضروريًا لإجراء تحليل لظواهر العلوم. واحدة من المفاهيم في العلوم التي تتطلب النظام كانت الطاقة. يهدف هذا البحث إلى فهم كيفية تعزيز إرشادات النمذجة فهم الطلاب لأنظمة ونماذج الأنظمة على مواد الطاقة الميكانيكية. أجريت البحوث على 30 طالب من MIA 1 في SMAN 1 Kertosono. أظهرت النتيجة أن فهم الطلاب لنظام ونموذج النظام زاد بشكل كبير. أظهر تسلسل التعلم في الفصل كل جلسة اجتماع ، زادت مهارة الطلاب من المبتدئ إلى الخبير. يمكنهم شرح آلية نقل الطاقة. يشار إلى متوسط N-gain 0.32 (الفئة المتوسطة) أن النمذجة جيدة بما فيه الكفاية لتعزيز فهم الطلاب للنظام. علاوة على ذلك ، كان أي سوء فهم حول الطاقة قادراً على منع هذا التعلم والتغلب عليه. من خلال التعلم ، مهارة الطالب لحل مشكلة جديدة تقترب من حلول المشاكل.
البيداغوجية النقدية (الاتجاه الجديد في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها)
Authors: Huda Muhammad Muchlish
Published: June 2019

تهدف هذه المقالة الى أن تقوم بمناقشة حيويّة في مجال البيداغوجية النقدية كإحدى المقاربات فيما بعد الحداثة في التعليم اللغة. فتحاول هذه المقاربة الى أن تقوم بالإرتباط المتين بين السياق الدراسي والسياق الإجتماعي لتشدّد تمكين المتعلمين على التفكير والتصرّف بشكل حاسم بهدف تحويل ظروفهم الحياتية والشعبية. فتعتمد هذه النظرية بمباديئ رئيسية من فرانكفورط الأكاديمي كالمصادر الأولوية الا وهي نظرية نقد الإجتماعية والنظم السياسي والمجتمعة المغرضة لأنها نتيجة من حركة الإجتماعية الحارة في فرانكفورط “Frankfurt” الألماني سنة 1923. تتعلق هذه النظرية بمصطلح جدلية البيداغوجية “Dialogic Pedagogy” أشاره Paulo Freire  في مؤلفاته أو باللغة العربية أن في التعليم يلزم على الجدلية, فليس هناك الحوار بلا جدلية وليس هناك التعليم الصالح بلا الحوار. فظهور نظرية البيداغوجية النقدية في أمريكا من خلال فكرة غيروق في مجال التربية والبيداغوجية. لتحقيق هذا الهدف فيقوم الباحث على منهج البحث المكتبي حيث يقارن فيه كتب ومقالات علمية فيما تتعلق بهذه القضية. دلّت نتيجة هذه المقالة على أهمية تطبيق هذه المقاربة في تعليم اللغة لغير الناطقين بها وخصوصا في تعليم اللغة العربية لتزويد المتعلمين للحصول على وعي صالح وعناية جدّيّة في تنمية التساؤلات المتعلّمين وتحدى على المعتقدات والتطبيقات المهيمنة من خلال تعليم اللغة العربية. This paper aim to present the discursive dynamics of critical pedagogy theory as one of the post-modernism approaches in language learning. The critical pedagogy approach seeks to focus on the interrelationships that occur between the educational and social context with the aim of optimizing students' critical thinking reasoning as an agent of change. Critical pedagogy theory is based on the basic principles of the Frankfurt Academy as the primary source, especially the teachings on the theory of social criticism from the social movements in Germany 1923. This theory has a connection with the concept of "dialogic pedagogy" by Paulo Freire. Critical pedagogy emphasis on the process of dialogue in learning, including learning Arabic. Without dialogue and critical and discursive reasoning processes, the learning process becomes unhealthy. The critical pedagogies in America is often associated with Henry Giroux. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library approach. The research step is to collect information and research discourses relating to the theory of critical pedagogy. The results there is importance to use critical pedagogy in learning Arabic language to sharpen critical reasoning learners so that Arabic learners are not easily infiltrated with ideological orthodoxy and orthopraxies contained in learning material.
STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES OF LEARNING ENGLISH IN INDONESIA: SOME EFFECTIVE AND INEFFECTIVE WAYS
Authors: Lubis Azhar Aziz , Nopriansah Nopriansah , Halim Abdul , Nasution Sukma Septian , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Although the study of effective strategies for teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) in Indonesia has become prominent research topics for decades, little attention is paid to the students’ experiences of learning English. This study aims at researching some of our students’ experiences of learning English both at their junior and senior high schools. The students reflecting the experience were participants of our course unit of General English, Introduction to linguistics, Structure 2, History of English language, and were both from non-English and English departments at the University of Bengkulu and Dehasen University, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Of the eight effective and fourteen ineffective ways to learn English, we found three main issues apparent in our study namely self-confidence and motivation, learning environment, and methods and media in teaching English as a foreign language. Further explication of each issue is discussed.على الرغم من أن دراسة الاستراتيجيات الفعالة لتدريس اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية (TEFL) في إندونيسيا أصبحت موضوعات بحثية بارزة لعقود من الزمن، إلا أنه لم يتم إيلاء اهتمام كبير لخبرات الطلاب في تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى البحث في بعض تجارب طلابنا في تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية في مدارسهم الثانوية والإعدادية. كان الطلاب الذين يعكسون التجربة مشاركين في وحدة دوراتنا في اللغة الإنجليزية العامة، ومقدمة في اللغويات، والهيكل 2، وتاريخ اللغة الإنجليزية، وكانوا من أقسام غير الإنجليزية والإنجليزية في جامعة بنجكولو وجامعة ديهاسين، بنجكولو، إندونيسيا. من بين الطرق الثمانية الفعالة والأربعة عشر غير الفعالة لتعلم اللغة الإنجليزية، وجدنا ثلاث قضايا رئيسية واضحة في دراستنا وهي الثقة بالنفس والتحفيز، والبيئة التعليمية ، والأساليب ووسائل الإعلام في تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية. مناقشة المزيد من شرح كل قضية.
Computer Mediated Communication, The Way for Developing Students’ Arabic Writing Ability
Authors: Hasibuan Albar Adetary
Published: June 2019

Computer Mediated Communication, better known as CMC, can be used as a tool in improving students' Arabic writing skills. CMC is used because computers and networks are familiar to students now. CMC can also make learning to write Arabic more creative and innovative. The purpose of writing this article is to provide information about computer-mediated communication (CMC) and also how to apply CMC to learning to write Arabic, to improve student writing skills.يمكن استخدام التواصل عبر الكمبيوتر ، المعروف باسم CMC ، كأداة لتحسين مهارات الطلاب في الكتابة باللغة العربية. يتم استخدام CMC لأن أجهزة الكمبيوتر والشبكات مألوفة لدى الطلاب الآن. يمكن أن تجعل CMC تعلم الكتابة العربية أكثر إبداعًا وابتكارًا. الغرض من كتابة هذه المقالة هو توفير معلومات حول التواصل عبر الكمبيوتر (CMC) وأيضًا كيفية تطبيق CMC على تعلم الكتابة باللغة العربية ، لتحسين مهارات كتابة الطلاب.