bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomechanics of phagocytosis of red blood cells by macrophages in the human spleen
Authors: Li He , Qiang Yuhao , Li Xuejin , Brugnara Carlo , Buffet Pierre A. , Dao Ming , Karniadakis George E. , Suresh Subra
Published: October 2024

The clearance of senescent and altered red blood cells (RBCs) in the red pulp of the human spleen involves sequential processes of prefiltration, filtration, and postfiltration. While prior work has elucidated the mechanisms underlying the first two processes, biomechanical processes driving the postfiltration phagocytosis of RBCs retained at interendothelial slits (IES) are still poorly understood. We present here a unique computational model of macrophages to study the role of cell biomechanics in modulating the kinetics of phagocytosis of aged and diseased RBCs retained in the spleen. After validating the macrophage model using in vitro phagocytosis experiments, we employ it to probe the mechanisms underlying the kinetics of phagocytosis of mechanically altered RBCs, such as heated RBCs and abnormal RBCs in hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and sickle cell disease (SCD). Our simulations show pronounced deformation of the flexible and healthy RBCs in contrast to minimal shape changes in altered RBCs. Simulations also show that less deformable RBCs are engulfed faster and at lower adhesive strength than flexible RBCs, consistent with our experimental measurements. This efficient sensing and engulfment by macrophages of stiff RBCs retained at IES are expected to temper splenic congestion, a common pathogenic process in malaria, HS, and SCD. Altogether, our combined computational and in vitro experimental studies suggest that mechanical alterations of retained RBCs may suffice to enhance their phagocytosis, thereby adapting the kinetics of their elimination to the kinetics of their mechanical retention, an equilibrium essential for adequately cleaning the splenic filter to preserve its function.
ReGap
Authors: Hidalgo-Ternero Carlos Manuel , Pastor Gloria Corpas
Published: October 2024

This research presents ReGap, a text-preprocessing algorithm for the automatic token-based
identification and conversion of discontinuous multiword expressions (MWEs) into their canonical state, i.e., their
continuous form, as a means to optimise neural machine translation (NMT) systems. To this end, an experiment with
flexible verb-noun idiomatic constructions (VNICs) is conducted in order to assess to what extent ReGap can enhance
the performance of the most robust NMT system to date, DeepL, under the challenge of MWE discontinuity in the
Spanish-into-English and the Spanish-into-German directionalities. In this regard, the promising results yielded for
VNICs will shed some light on new avenues for enhancing MWE‑aware NMT systems.
Evaluating a bracketing protocol for multiword terms
Authors: León-Araúz Pilar , Cabezas-García Melania
Published: October 2024

Multiword terms (MWTs) are frequently used to encapsulate and convey meaning in scientific and
technical texts. However, they can also make these texts difficult to understand because the relations between
constituents are not transparent. When MWTs have more than two constituents, a dependency analysis (bracketing) is
often necessary to facilitate their interpretation. NLP has proposed various models to automatize bracketing
operations, but none has been entirely satisfactory. This paper presents a protocol that combines various models and
applies it to a set of three-constituent MWTs in order to: (i) sort rules by their disambiguation potential, based on
their likelihood of retrieving results from any corpus and their ability to solve bracketing; and (ii) ascertain the
influence of corpus size and type in the results obtained.
Semantic annotation of named rivers and its application for the prediction of multiword-term
bracketing
Authors: Rojas-Garcia Juan
Published: October 2024

The acquisition of knowledge is essential for specialized translation, hence the representation of
specialized phraseology in terminological knowledge bases is part of this process. The aim of this study was thus
two-fold. Firstly, it describes how the semantic annotation of predicate-argument structure of sentences mentioning
named rivers can be addressed from the perspective of Frame-based Terminology. The results showed that this approach
provides valuable insights into the knowledge structures underlying the usage of named rivers in specialized texts.
Secondly, this study explores whether the bracketing of a three-component multi-word term can be predicted from the
semantic information encoded in the sentence where the ternary compound and a named river are used as arguments. The
semantic annotations permitted construction of two machine-learning models capable of accurately predicting
ternary-compound bracketing.
Misquoting the ancients
Authors: Galambos Imre
Published: October 2024

The Kangxi zidian 康熙字典 [Kangxi Dictionary] was without doubt the most influential and widely used dictionary in China during
the past three centuries, and its impact on education, scholarship, and intellectual life in general, cannot be overstated. The
dictionary’s compilation was a major step in the development of Chinese lexicography, and it has been at the foundation of all
large dictionary projects ever since. This paper addresses the editors’ tendency to misquote and misattribute quotations, which
has been among the most commonly criticized issues. My aim here is not to identify further mistakes but to document the patterns
of misquotations, as these can help understand the process of the dictionary’s compilation. One noteworthy find is that in many
cases members of the editorial team quoted their sources indirectly, relying on more recent encyclopedias and miscellanea.
Beyond acceptable criticism
Authors: Feldman Ofer , Kinoshita Ken
Published: October 2024

This paper utilizes the concept of debasement to examine politicians’ rhetoric in Japan. It focuses on 3,233
questions posed by opposition party members to Cabinet ministers during the 2023 meetings of the Budget Committee in both houses
of the National Diet. The analysis identifies debasement comments, examining the linkage between the use of such language and a
list of socio-political variables, including ideological orientation, differences in electoral systems, and previous career
occupation. From a cross-cultural perspective, abusive rhetoric in Japan might not seem to be an extreme phenomenon, but because
of cultural factors even the use of “mild” invective language indicates a clear intention of politicians to debase the reputation
of their counterparts in the parliament.
Chapter 2. Mining parallel corpora from Wikipedia
Authors: Kraif Olivier
Published: October 2024

In this article, we address the issue of Wikipedia as a multilingual resource to extract parallel corpora that are useful in multilingual terminology extraction or machine translation. While most previous work in this field assumes that Wikipedia is suitable for mining comparable corpora, we concentrate on the actual place of translation in the editorial process of Wikipedia to examine the possibility of extracting parallel corpora, that is, texts where source segments can be linked to their translations. After identifying the different projects, tools and recommendations that allow contributors to enrich Wikipedia by exercising their skills as translators, we conduct an experiment in which we download pairs of articles containing translations. We show the importance of performing a temporal alignment of the versions to be downloaded before launching the actual sentence-level alignment. This strategy allows us to obtain a large volume of parallel texts with good-quality sentence-to-sentence alignment.
Chapter 5. Sockpuppets , Wikifants, and Honeypots
Authors: Gredel Eva
Published: October 2024

This chapter analyses the discursive construction of collaborative text production via metaphors on talk pages of the English, French, and German Wikipedia. The cross-linguistic study makes use of the WikiDemoCorpus (WDC) to qualitatively reveal the source domains of these metaphors. Situated within the framework of discourse analysis in the tradition of Foucault (1966, 1969, 1971), the study analyses how Wikipedia authors use metaphors to create a certain point of view in their collaborations on talk pages. Additionally, the Wikipedia corpora available at the Leibniz Institute for the German Language (IDS) via the Corpus Search, Management and Analysis System II (COSMAS II) are used for exemplary quantification. Finally, the potential of further corpus linguistics methods for metaphor identification and analysis is discussed.
CYRI controls epidermal wound closure and cohesion of invasive border cell cluster in Drosophila
Authors: Rötte Marvin , Höhne Mila Y. , Klug Dennis , Ramlow Kirsten , Zedler Caroline , Lehne Franziska , Schneider Meike , Bischoff Maik C. , Bogdan Sven
Published: October 2024

Cell motility is crucial for many biological processes including morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion. The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) is a central Arp2/3 regulator driving cell motility downstream of activation by Rac GTPase. CYFIP-related Rac1 interactor (CYRI) proteins are thought to compete with WRC for interaction with Rac1 in a feedback loop regulating lamellipodia dynamics. However, the physiological role of CYRI proteins in vivo in healthy tissues is unclear. Here, we used Drosophila as a model system to study CYRI function at the cellular and organismal levels. We found that CYRI is not only a potent WRC regulator in single macrophages that controls lamellipodial spreading but also identified CYRI as a molecular brake on the Rac-WRC-Arp2/3 pathway to slow down epidermal wound healing. In addition, we found that CYRI limits invasive border cell migration by controlling cluster cohesion and migration. Thus, our data highlight CYRI as an important regulator of cellular and epithelial tissue dynamics conserved across species.
The accelerating universe in a noncommutative analytically continued foliated quantum gravity
Authors: Zen Vasconcellos César A , Hess Peter O , de Freitas Pacheco José , Weber Fridolin , Bodmann Benno , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Naysinger Geovane , Netz-Marzola Marcelo , Razeira Moisés
Published: October 2024

Based on an analytically continued Riemannian foliated quantum gravity super-Hamiltonian, known as branch cut quantum gravity (BCQG) we propose a novel approach to investigating the effects of noncommutative geometry on a minisuperspace of variables, influencing the acceleration behavior of the Universe’s wave function and the cosmic scale factor. Noncommutativity is introduced through a deformation of the conventional Poisson algebra, enhanced with a symplectic metric. The resulting symplectic manifold provides a natural setting that enables an isomorphism between canonically conjugate dual vector spaces, spanning the BCQG cosmic scale factor and its complementary quantum counterpart. Using this formulation, we describe the dynamic evolution of the Universe’s wave function, the cosmic scale factor, and its complementary quantum image. Our results strongly suggest that the noncommutative algebra induces late-time accelerated growth of the wave function, the Universe’s scale factor, and its complementary quantum counterpart, offering a new perspective on explaining the accelerating cosmic expansion rate and the inflationary period. In contrast to the inflationary model, where inflation requires a remarkably fine-tuned set of initial conditions in a patch of the Universe, analytically continued non-commutative foliated quantum gravity captures short and long scales, driving the evolutionary dynamics of the Universe through a reconfiguration of the primordial cosmic content of matter and energy. This reconfiguration is encapsulated into a quantum field potential, which leads to the generation of relic gravitational waves, a topic for future investigation. Graphical representations and contour plots indicate a characteristic torsion (or twist) deformation of spacetime geometry. This result introduces new speculative elements regarding the reconfiguration of matter and energy as a driver of spacetime torsion deformation, generating relic gravitational waves and serving as an alternative topological mechanism for the Universe’s acceleration. However, these assumptions require further investigation.
Hot carrier transfer from plasmon decay in Ag20 at H–Si(111) surface: real-time TDDFT simulation in Wannier gauge
Authors: Bost John L , Shepard Christopher , Kanai Yosuke
Published: October 2024

Plasmon decay is believed to play an essential role in inducing hot carrier transfer at the interfaces between plasmonic nanoparticles and semiconductor surfaces. In this work, we employ real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) simulation in the Wannier gauge to gain quantum-mechanical insights into the nonlinear dynamics of the plasmon decay in the Ag20 nanoparticle at a semiconductor surface. The first-principles simulations show that the plasmon decay is more than two times faster when the Ag20 nanoparticle is adsorbed on a hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surface, taking place within 100 femtoseconds of the plasmon excitation. Hot carrier transfer across the interface is observed as the plasmon decay takes place, and nearly 30% of holes are generated deep in the valence band of the semiconductor surface. The use of Wannier gauge in RT-TDDFT simulation is particularly convenient for gaining quantum-mechanical insights into non-equilibrium electron dynamics in complex heterogeneous systems.
Multiplet XPS analysis of the Mn 2p for Mn3O4 thin films
Authors: Barreto Jade , Bagus Paul S , Stavale Fernando
Published: October 2024

In this work, we performed a detailed analysis of the x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) of the Mn 2p peak for Mn3O4(001) thin films. This is a challenging task since Mn3O4 is composed of two different cations, Mn2+ at tetrahedral and Mn3+ at octahedral sites, which both contribute to the XPS spectra. The oxide spectra consist of many multiplets arising from the angular momentum coupling of the open Mn 2p and 3d shells, thus increasing the spectrums’ complexity. Moreover, the energy spacing and intensities of the different multiplets also reflect the covalent mixing between Mn 3d and O 2p shells. However, we show that a detailed analysis, which provides relevant information about the cations in the oxide structure, is possible. We prepared experimentally different Mn3O4 films on Au(111), and their structure was monitored with the diffraction pattern obtained with low-energy electron diffraction. The Mn 2p spectra were fit, guided by cluster model theoretical predictions, and checked for films prepared at different oxygen partial pressures. Therefore, we could observe the Mn2+ and Mn3+ cations’ relative concentration in the Mn 2p mains peaks.
Methods in fluctuation (noise) spectroscopy and continuous analysis for high-throughput measurements
Authors: Thyzel Tim , Kopp Marvin , Pieper Jonathan , Stadler Tristan , Müller Jens
Published: October 2024

Fluctuation (noise) spectroscopy is widely used to investigate the low-frequency dynamics of charge carriers in condensed-matter systems, aiming to (i) improve the performance of micro- and nanoscale electronic devices and sensors, and (ii) use ‘noise as a signal’ in order to fundamentally investigate the microscopic motion and transitions of charge carriers coupled to the low-lying excitations in solids. Here, we focus on measurements of the ubiquitous

1

/

f

-type fluctuations, often composed by a superposition of (independent or correlated) two-level systems each giving rise to a Lorentzian spectrum, denoted random telegraph noise in the time domain. We briefly review the basic concepts of noise and fluctuations and give a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art measuring techniques, using both commercially available signal analyzers and custom software in order to perform the spectral analysis of the recorded time signals, and critically evaluate their advantages and drawbacks. We describe how to use fast data acquisition devices in a cross-correlation setup providing additional quantitative information on the magnitude of uncorrelated instrument noise, and demonstrate the mathematical intricacies of extracting the noise spectra. We introduce a new method for high-throughput measurements by automated spectral analysis based on the concept of Continuous Analysis. We demonstrate the potential of this technique, working towards a FAIR data workflow, by measurements of magnetic flux noise within the hysteresis loop of ferromagnetic nanostructures.
Fitting the AFM force–distance curves the correct way
Authors: Charvátová Campbell Anna , Klapetek Petr , Šlesinger Radek , Witkovský Viktor , Wimmer Gejza
Published: October 2024

Data fitting is an indispensable tool in modern metrology. However, as the models become more and more complex the most popular method, ordinary least squares regression, reaches its limit. As the relative uncertainty in the independent variable increases, we can no longer speak about an exactly known independent variable and an uncertain dependent variable. The increasing complexity of the measurement process may give rise to correlationsFurthermore correlations between data may become non negligible: typical sources are e.g. the use of reference samples or crosstalk between sensors. These problems can be treated with generalized least squares. A new algorithm–Optimum Estimate of Function Parameters by Iterated Linearization (OEFPIL) – has been recently suggested which can handle both a wide class of functions as well as general covariance matrices. We illustrate its application in the analysis of force distance curves in AFM which are used to evaluate the mechanical properties of samples such as the Young’s modulus and adhesion. In this work we apply the new algorithm and compare the results to other methods. The uncertainties obtained by OEFPIL are in good agreement with uncertainties obtained by the Monte Carlo method but can be obtained in a more straightforward way.
A multimodal continuum robot constructed using three stable state characteristics of Kresling origami
Authors: Wang Baiyi , Li Weihua , Yi Zhongwen , Liu Xinhua , Hua Dezheng , Du Haiping , Li Z
Published: October 2024

Inspired by the Kresling origami structure and its three stable state characteristics, a novel multimodal continuum robot (MCR) has been proposed in this paper, which achieve its own movement through gas-driven and actively elastic deformed Kresling origami. Airbags are utilized to auxiliary drive in this paper, which makes the specific plane of origami unit transform from first stable state to third stable state. The high stiffness of third stable state endows the origami unit with better carrying capacity and more motion characteristics, and the driving force of the central chamber and selective expansion of airbags enable the multimodal motion of MCR. The theoretical model of MCR and three stable state characteristics of Kresling origami are established to predict and control the behavior of actuator. The experimental results of MCR prototype demonstrate the high carrying capacity of proposed origami unit, the feasibility and high accuracy of multimodal motion. The designing concept of this paper improves the ability of CRs to perform complex tasks and promotes the development of origami structures in the field of robotics.
A hybrid experimental configuration for emissivity measurement at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: John Manu M , K. A. Shafi , Thomas Rijo Jacob
Published: October 2024

In cryogenic and high vacuum systems, radiation mode of heat transfer is the primary source of energy interaction owing to the wide temperature differentials and very low temperatures and pressures. Measurement of radiative properties such as emissivity is crucial in the design of cryogenic systems. Emissivity measurement at cryogenic temperatures requires careful consideration of the sample preparation and measurement conditions to ensure accuracy and reliability. Most experimental techniques developed so far are complex in their design and equipment, and they work only on a single measuring method. To address these challenges, this research has proposed a simpler and hybrid experimental setup that could employ both calorimetric and heat flux methods to directly measure the total hemispherical emissivity in the range 90 K–180 K. Experiments were conducted with five types of materials (black paint, stainless steel, aluminum foil, aluminized mylar foil, and copper sheet) by using both methods, and the results were validated with the literature data. The data obtained by calorimetric and heat flux methods for each sample showed a high level of consistency with each other, with a variation of only ±1.5%. Moreover, the discrepancy between the measured and literature data was within the acceptable range of 0.3%–10%. The total hemispherical emissivity of mechanically treated copper was higher than that of chemically polished copper by 11%. This simplified setup has incorporated all possible means to minimize heat leakages into and from the cryostat while maintaining accuracy. The obtained data can be used to accurately estimate the radiation heat loads in cryopumps and other cryogenic systems that use similar components.
Galerkin approximation of Burgers-Huxley equation with fractional order arising in reaction mechanism and diffusion transport
Authors: Arifeen Shams Ul , Haq Sirajul , Ali Ihteram
Published: October 2024

Burgers-Huxley model depicts a prototype model of the interaction of convection effect, reaction mechanisms and diffusion transport, used to study the liquid crystal and nerve fibers. This study introduces Galerkin approximation for time-fractional Burgers-Huxley equation (TFBHE). The Caputo derivative is used to evaluate the temporal part using the L
1 formula. The Galerkin approach employs cubic B-spline as a shape and test function, resulting in a symmetric matrix that is easily convergent. In addition, the three-point quadrature rule is implemented to evaluate the integration of complex function . The Von Neumann analysis is used to discuss stability of the scheme. The performance and robustness of the technique is measured using various error norms The results are compared with the exact solution, demonstrating effectiveness of the proposed method.
An investigation of the electrochemical characteristics of NiO-Co3O4/graphite/PVDF composites for the development of a supercapacitor with ultrahigh stability
Authors: P S Deva Priya , Philip Abin , Ruban Kumar A
Published: October 2024

Supercapacitors are a groundbreaking electrical energy storage technology that falls between batteries and dielectric capacitors which has undergone significant progress in recent years. Among the several elements influencing a supercapacitor’s capacitance, the choice of electrode materials plays a crucial role. Nanomaterials formed from transition metal oxides (TMOs) with incorporated 3D graphite are said to possess high capacitance, conductivity, increased active site area, distinct redox properties and several valence shells, making them an appropriate material for electrode synthesis. Therefore, in this study, three composites of NiO and Co3O4 are prepared in the ratio of 2:8, 3:7 and 4:6 using facile sol–gel method. To the prepared composites, graphite and PVDF are added in equal quantities. The resultant samples are characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopy. The samples are further integrated on an FTO electrode and subjected to CV, GCD and EIS for electrochemical study. The highest specific capacitance is obtained for NiO and Co3O4 composite in the ratio 3:7 and is equal to 156.66 F g−1 at a sweep rate of 10 mV s−1. This material is further subjected to a two-electrode study to check its feasibility to develop a symmetric solid-state device. It demonstrated a specific capacitance of 36 F g−1 with 100% capacitive retention.
Generation of mode-locked pulses assisted by reduced graphene oxide/cerium oxide (rGO/CeO2) embedded in arc-shaped fiber
Authors: Loganathan Kirubhashni , Ahmad Harith , Yusoff Norazriena
Published: October 2024

This study demonstrates the synthesis of a reduced graphene oxide/cerium oxide (rGO/CeO2) composite and its successful use as a saturable absorber (SA) in ultrafast photonics. The rGO/CeO2 composite was synthesized using a facile hydrothermal approach, and an arc-shaped fiber was fabricated using a polishing technique. The arc-shaped fiber employed indirect evanescent field coupling, allowing interaction between the composite material and the laser, and facilitating the generation of mode-locked pulses. An arc-shaped fiber drop-casted with rGO/CeO2 was connected to a 2.0 μm laser source, achieving a modulation depth of 50.16%. The emitted laser pulses have a duration of 1.428 ps, an operational wavelength of 1904 nm, and a spectral bandwidth of 2.76 nm. The pulse energy was 1.92 nJ with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 50 dB. This study introduces rGO/CeO2 embedded in an arc-shaped fiber as an effective SA, exhibiting favorable nonlinear optical absorption in the near 2.0 μm wavelength region, making it suitable for applications in ultrafast photonics.
Resonance scattering generated by rotating bodies
Authors: Li Renxian , Tang Huan , Wei Bing , Gong Shuhong , Yang Ruiping , Shi Zhuoyuan , Zhang Yuan , Jiao Yuexiao , Xiao Li , Minin Igor V , Minin Oleg V
Published: October 2024

The scattering of rotating bodies to a polarized plane wave, including the dielectric cylinder and sphere, is studied. The resonance caused by rotation is emphasized. Numerical results prove that the resonance scattering caused by rotation can be realized in the optical range. It is sensitive to the rotation dimensionless parameter γ. The internal Mie mode corresponding to the electromagnetic field intensity changes with γ, and the resonant mode appears when the particle rotates at a specific speed. Moreover, the resonant mode changes with γ. It causes resonance scattering to appear in the same particle at different speeds. Inside particles, resonant rings are composed of a series of array points and are determined by γ. Under resonance conditions, the energy near the rotating cylinder is consistent with its rotation direction. In contrast, the direction of energy flow in the rotating sphere model is opposite to the direction of particle rotation. This work provides a novel idea for the design of ultra-sensitive sensors and resonators. It has promising applications in optical communication, optical microscopy, and optical signal processing.
Eco-friendly high microporosity low temperature plasma exposed activated carbon from coconut shell for nano hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Deepa R , K A Vijayalakhmi
Published: October 2024

This study looked at the structural, chemical, and electrochemical properties of coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) before and after plasma treatment. Structural analysis using x-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that plasma treatment improves graphitic structure by plans at (002) and (101) for higher angles. Chemical investigation utilizing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed an increase in hydroxyl groups and carboxylic content following plasma treatment, which enhances electrochemical performance. Raman spectroscopy revealed a drop in the ID/IG ratio from 1.00 to 0.90, indicating enhanced graphitic order. Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that plasma treatment improves surface shape, while elemental analysis assessed the high carbon content (76.56% by weight). Contact angle measurements showed a decrease from 114° to 65°, showing improved hydrophilicity after treatment. Electrochemical investigation shows that the plasma-treated CSAC had a maximum specific capacitance of 1612 F g−1, compared to 729 F g−1 for the untreated CSAC, and a total capacitance of plasma treated1685 F/g are untreated 1400 F g−1. A Type II+III pattern on the isotherms implied capillary condensation in mesopores. The plasma treatment indicated improved porosity and potential adsorption capacity by increasing the specific surface area and decreasing the average pore width. The cyclic stability tests indicated that the plasma-treated CSAC retained 94% capacitance and 98% coulombic efficiency after 3000 cycles, which is superior to the untreated CSAC’s 92% capacitance retention and 95% coulombic efficiency. This reveals that plasma-treated CSAC has significantly improved performance and stability, making it an excellent alternative for high-performance and cost-effective energy storage applications.
Flaw detection of railway catenary insulator based on DP-YOLOv5 algorithm with bright and dark channel enhancement
Authors: Yi Lingzhi , Luo Lifu , Wang Yahui , She Haixiang , Liu Jiangyong , Dong Tengfei , Luo Suofan
Published: October 2024

To ensure the timely detection of safety hazards in overhead transmission lines with railroad conductors and improve the accuracy of night insulator defect detection, this paper proposes the DP-YOLOv5 algorithm with dark and light channel enhancement optimization. It improves the night insulator image quality by introducing the dark and light channel enhancement algorithm, builds a lightweight network by combining the DP-BS module, and adds the Shuffle Attention module to enhance the feature extraction and ensure detection accuracy. At the same time, the EC-Loss loss function is used to optimize the prediction frame adjustment, accelerate the model convergence, and improve detection efficiency and accuracy. The simulation results show that the insulator dataset processed by DP-YOLOv5 has an accuracy of 95.3%, a recall of 94.8%, an average accuracy of 95.5%, and FLOPs of 219.3. Compared with YOLOv5, the mapped value is improved by 0.9%, the F1 is improved by 1%, and the model parameter and FLOPs are reduced by 48.8% and 50.8%, respectively.
Formation and decay of oscillons after inflation in the presence of an external coupling. Part I. Lattice simulations
Authors: Shafi Mohammed , Copeland Edmund J. , Mahbub Rafid , Mishra Swagat S. , Basak Soumen
Published: October 2024

We investigate the formation and decay of oscillons during the post-inflationary reheating epoch from inflaton oscillations around asymptotically flat potentials V(φ) in the presence of an external coupling of the form 1/2 g
2
φ
2
χ
2. It is well-known that in the absence of such an external coupling, the attractive self-interaction term in the potential leads to the formation of copious amounts of long-lived oscillons both for symmetric and asymmetric plateau potentials. We perform a detailed numerical analysis to study the formation of oscillons in the α-attractor E- and T-model potentials using the publicly available lattice simulation code
CosmoLattice. We observe the formation of nonlinear oscillon-like structures with the average equation of state ⟨wφ
⟩ ≃ 0 for a range of values of the inflaton self-coupling λ and the external coupling g
2. Our results demonstrate that oscillons form even in the presence of an external coupling and we determine the upper bound on g
2 which facilitates oscillon formation. We also find that eventually, these oscillons decay into the scalar inflaton radiation as well as into the quanta of the offspring field χ. Thus, we establish the possibility that reheating could have proceeded through the channel of oscillon decay, along with the usual decay of the oscillating inflaton condensate into χ particles. For a given value of the self-coupling λ, we notice that the lifetime of a population of oscillons decreases with an increase in the strength of the external coupling, following an (approximately) inverse power-law dependence on g
2.
Search for the Hawking radiation of primordial black holes: prospective sensitivity of LHAASO
Authors: Yang Chen , Wang Sai , Zhao Meng-Lin , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2024

Primordial black holes (PBHs), more generally, BHs, undergo evaporation and, in principle, will end their lives in bursts of very high-energy gamma rays. The notable aspect of the PBHs with an initial mass of ∼ 1014 g is that they are expected to end their lives today. In this work, we assess the potential sensitivity of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) in detecting the local burst rate density of PBHs. Our results suggest that LHAASO is capable of probing for PBH bursts within a proximity of ∼ 0.1 pc from the Sun, measuring a local burst rate density of ∼ 1200 (or 700)pc-3 yr-1 with 99% confidence during a 3-year (or 5-year) observational campaign. This level of sensitivity surpasses the most rigorous observational constraint provided by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC) by an order of magnitude. Additionally, we propose data analysis strategies for LHAASO to optimize the search for PBHs and reach its potential detection limits.
WIMP Dark Matter in bulk viscous non-standard cosmologies
Authors: González Esteban , Maldonado Carlos , Stefanía Mite N. , Salinas Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we explore an extension of the classical non-standard cosmological scenario in which the new field, ϕ, which interacts with the radiation component in the early universe, experiences dissipative processes in the form of a bulk viscosity. Assuming an interaction term given by Γ
ϕ

ρ

ϕ
, where Γ
ϕ
accounts for the decay rate of the field and ρ

ϕ
corresponds to its energy density, and a bulk viscosity according to the expression ξ=ξ
0
ρ

ϕ
ϕ1/2 in the framework of Eckart's theory, we apply this novel non-standard cosmology to study the parameters space for WIMPs Dark Matter candidate production. This parameter space shows deviations from the classical non-standard cosmological scenario, obtaining new regions to search for this candidate. In particular, for certain combinations of the free parameters, we found large regions in which the model can establish the DM and reproduce the current observable relic density.
MAUVE: An Ultraviolet Astrophysics Probe Mission Concept
Authors: Balakrishnan Mayura , Bowens Rory , Cruz Aguirre Fernando , Hughes Kaeli , Jayaraman Rahul , Kuhn Emily , Louden Emma , Louie Dana R. , McBride Keith , McGrath Casey , Payne Jacob , Presser Tyler , Reding Joshua S. , Rickman Emily , Scrandis Rachel , Symons Teresa , Wiser Lindsey , Jahoda Keith , Kataria Tiffany , Nash Alfred , X Team
Published: October 2024

We present the mission concept “Mission to Analyze the UltraViolet universE” (MAUVE), a wide-field spectrometer and imager conceived during the inaugural NASA Astrophysics Mission Design School. MAUVE responds to the 2023 Announcement of Opportunity for Probe-class missions, with a budget cap of $1 billion, and would hypothetically launch in 2031. However, the formulation of MAUVE was an educational exercise and the mission is not being developed further. The Principle Investigator-led science of MAUVE aligns with the priorities outlined in the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey, enabling new characterizations of exoplanet atmospheres, the early-time light curves of some of the universe’s most explosive transients, and the poorly-understood extragalactic background light. Because the Principle Investigator science occupies 30% of the observing time available during the mission’s 5 yr lifespan, we provide an observing plan that would allow for 70% of the observing time to be used for General Observer programs, with community-solicited proposals. The onboard detector (THISTLE) claims significant heritage from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on Hubble, but extends its wavelength range down to the extreme UV. We note that MAUVE would be the first satellite in decades with the ability to access this regime of the electromagnetic spectrum. MAUVE has a field of view of 900″ × 900″, a photometric sensitivity extending to m
UV ≤ 24, and a resolving power of R ∼ 1000. This paper provides full science and mission traceability matrices for this concept, and also outlines cost and scheduling timelines aimed at enabling a within-budget mission and an on-time launch.
ScatterX: A software for fast processing of high-throughput small-angle scattering data
Authors: Xie 谢 Fei 飞 , Xie 解 Mei 梅 , Song 宋 Baoyu 宝玉 , Guo 郭 Qiaoyu 桥雨 , Jiao 焦 Xuechen 学琛
Published: October 2024

Scattering experiments become increasingly popular in modern scientific research, including the areas of materials, biology, chemistry, physics, etc. Besides, various types of scattering facilities have been developed recently, such as lab-based x-ray scattering equipment, national synchrotron facilities and large neutron facilities. These above-mentioned trends bring up fast-increasing data amounts of scattering data, as well as different scattering types (x-ray, neutron, laser and even microwaves). To help researchers process and analyze scattering data more efficiently, we developed a general and model-free scattering data analysis software based on matrix operation, which has the unique advantage of high throughput scattering data processing, analysis and visualization. To maximize generality and efficiency, data processing is performed based on a three-dimensional matrix, where scattering curves are saved as matrices or vectors, rather than the traditional definition of paired values. It can not only realize image batch processing, background subtraction and correction, but also analyze data according to scattering theory and model, such as radius of gyration, fractal dimension and other physical quantities. In the aspect of visualization, the software allows the modify the color maps of two-dimensional scattering images and the gradual color variation of one-dimensional curves to suit efficient data communications. In all, this new software can work as a stand-alone platform for researchers to process, analyze and visualize scattering data from different research facilities without considering different file types or formats. All codes in this manuscript are open-sourced and can be easily implemented in matrix-based software, such as MATLAB, Python and Igor.
Clustering for mitigating subject variability in driving fatigue classification using electroencephalography source-space functional connectivity features
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Ha , Tran Yvonne , Craig Ashley , Nguyen Hung , Chai Rifai
Published: October 2024

Objective. While Electroencephalography (EEG)-based driver fatigue state classification models have demonstrated effectiveness, their real-world application remains uncertain. The substantial variability in EEG signals among individuals poses a challenge in developing a universal model, often necessitating retraining with the introduction of new subjects. However, obtaining sufficient data for retraining, especially fatigue data for new subjects, is impractical in real-world settings. Approach. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces a hybrid solution for fatigue detection that combines clustering with classification. Unsupervised clustering groups subjects based on their EEG functional connectivity (FC) in an alert state, and classification models are subsequently applied to each cluster for predicting alert and fatigue states. Main results. Results indicate that classification on clusters achieves higher accuracy than scenarios without clustering, suggesting successful grouping of subjects with similar FC characteristics through clustering, thereby enhancing the classification process. Significance. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid method ensures a practical and realistic retraining process, improving the adaptability and effectiveness of the fatigue detection system in real-world applications.
Universal energy and magnetisation distributions in the Blume–Capel and Baxter–Wu models
Authors: Macêdo A R S , Plascak J A , Vasilopoulos A , Fytas N G , Akritidis M , Weigel M
Published: October 2024

We analyse the probability distribution functions of the energy and magnetisation of the two-dimensional Blume–Capel (BC) and Baxter–Wu (BW) models with spin values

S
∈
{
1

/

2
,
1
,
3

/

2
}

in the presence of a crystal field Δ. By employing extensive single-spin flip Monte Carlo simulations and a recently developed method of studying the zeros of the energy probability distribution we are able to probe, with a good numerical accuracy, several critical characteristics of the transitions. Additionally, the universal aspects of these transitions are scrutinised by computing the corresponding probability distribution functions. The energy distribution has been underutilised in the literature when compared to that of the magnetisation. Somewhat surprisingly, however, the former appears to be more robust in characterising the universality class for both models upon varying the crystal field Δ than the latter. Finally, our analysis suggests that in contrast to the BC ferromagnet, the BW model appears to suffer from strong finite-size effects, especially upon increasing Δ and S, that obscure the application of traditional finite-size scaling approaches.
Effects of tidal bore on hydraulic transients in low-head pressurized water conveyance systems
Authors: Liu Jinhao , Zhu Jianzhong , He Wei , Wang Baoluo , Zhu Lixiong , Tang Yiping , Wang Chaoyue , Wang Fujun
Published: October 2024

In low-head pressurized water conveyance systems affected by tidal bore, the influence of tidal bore on the stability of the system is significant. This study focuses on a pumping station located on the Qiantang River to investigate the impact of tidal bore under extreme conditions on hydraulic transients in low-head pressurized water conveyance systems. Tidal bore height and maximum tidal bore velocity are considered as key parameters, and their effects are modelled under extreme conditions in hydraulic transient analysis. Two operational scenarios, including normal operation and pumps shutdown, are simulated. The results indicate that, during normal pump operation, increases in tidal bore height and maximum velocity lead to greater fluctuations in surge tank water level, pump flow fluctuations, and pressure pulsations in the pipeline. In scenarios involving pumps shutdown and gates closure, increases in tidal bore height and maximum velocity result in larger fluctuations in surge tank water level. Additionally, since the gates are closed when pumps shutdown, tidal bore effects have minimal influence on pump flow rates. Therefore, the maximum pressure in the middle section of pipeline is primarily controlled by the tidal bore height and maximum flow rate. When tidal bore height is relatively high, maximum pressure occurs rapidly, whereas when maximum tidal bore velocity is high, the increase in maximum pressure occurs slower. This study introduces a method for incorporating tidal bore effects into hydraulic transient calculations, providing valuable insights for project design and construction. It serves as a reference for transient flow analysis in similar low-head pressurized water conveyance systems affected by tidal bore.
Research on the hydraulic loss in the side inlet and outlet of a pumped storage power station
Authors: Guo Miao , Huang Zihao , Jiang Kuichao , Shen Yan , Wang Wei
Published: October 2024

The side inlet and outlet play an important role in the hydraulic system of a pumped storage power station. The flow patterns within it are of great significance to the safe operation of the whole project. The aim of this study was to reveal the quantitative relationship between various flow patterns and hydraulic losses within the side inlet and outlet, the wall roughness theoretical model and the RNG k-ε turbulence model were combined to investigate the internal flow, vortex distribution, hydraulic loss, and other hydraulic characteristics within the side inlet and outlet for pumping and electric power generating cases, the results of the numerical model are in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, a hydraulic losses model in the side inlet/outlet based on the energy conservation equation and the distribution of the various hydraulic losses were present. The results show that various types of vortices occurred in the reservoir area close to the inlet and outlet region when the inlet flow rate of the pumping case is higher than 1.67 Q* (Dimensionless flow rate Q*= Q actual flow/ Q rated flow of a unit), and the flow rate distribution is more nonuniform for the pumping case. The hydraulic loss is higher and mainly concentrated in the adjustment section, the anti-vortex beam section, and the side-and middle-channel diffusion section for the electric power generating case. The results of this paper can be used in the optimisation design in the related fields.
Research on steel structure point cloud skeleton extraction and construction accuracy evaluation based on BIM model assistance
Authors: Zhang Ke , Xu Yucheng , Wang Lei , Gao Yuan
Published: October 2024

In modern construction projects, the rapid development of 3D laser scanning technology and Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has led to increasingly close integration of the two in engineering applications. By combining these two data sources, new methods for quality control in steel structure construction are provided. This paper proposes a method for extracting the skeleton of steel structures from point clouds, assisted by BIM models, and uses the refined skeleton data to evaluate construction accuracy. First, the collected 3D laser point cloud of the steel structure is registered using the BIM model. An original skeleton extraction algorithm is then employed to preprocess the steel structure point cloud, eliminating noise and redundant points to ensure data accuracy. Next, the denoised steel structure point cloud is combined with the designed BIM model to assess the accuracy of the actual construction. Experimental results show that this method not only effectively reduces noise in the measured point cloud and improves data quality but also accurately evaluates construction accuracy, providing reliable technical support for engineering quality control.
Design and DSP implementation of signal processing module for underwater acoustic transponder
Authors: Luo Yu , Fu Chaoqian , Peng Dongdong , Wang Haotian , Yao Yingshuo , Yan Lulu
Published: October 2024

Due to the fact that sound waves are the most effective carrier for underwater information transmission, the detection of underwater acoustic signals has become a key link in optimizing the performance of transponders in underwater positioning systems. In this paper, the signal processing module of the hydroacoustic transponder is designed to address the problem of low detection accuracy of the transponder due to the propagation deformation of hydroacoustic signals in hydroacoustic channels. The module uses the TMS320C6748 processor to achieve the transmission, acquisition, and detection of hydroacoustic spread spectrum signals. Among them, the signal detection algorithm in this module integrates an orthogonal demodulation algorithm, carrier synchronization algorithm, and matched filtering algorithm. It has been verified through simulation that it can enhance the anti-interference performance of the module, and the module also adopts a ping-pong caching mechanism to achieve real-time signal processing. Finally, pool testing has shown that this module can effectively assist the responder in completing the response task.
InGaAs-based transmission trap detector at telecom wavelengths
Authors: Kübarsepp Toomas , Sildoja Meelis-Mait , Vaigu Aigar , Ansko Ilmar , Vendt Riho , Vabson Viktor
Published: October 2024

A photodetector based on two large-area InGaAs-photodiodes in transmission-type trap configuration has been studied. The alignment of the photodiodes provides polarisation-independent performance of the photodetector. The responsivity and spatial uniformity of responsivity and transmittance of InGaAs-based transmission trap detector are reported at telecommunication laser wavelengths of 852 nm, 1309 nm and 1545 nm.