bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Training Recurrent Neural Networks for Lifelong Learning
Authors: Sodhani Shagun , Chandar Sarath , Bengio Yoshua
Published: November 2019

Catastrophic forgetting and capacity saturation are the central challenges of any parametric lifelong learning system. In this work, we study these challenges in the context of sequential supervised learning with an emphasis on recurrent neural networks. To evaluate the models in the lifelong learning setting, we propose a curriculum-based, simple, and intuitive benchmark where the models are trained on tasks with increasing levels of difficulty. To measure the impact of catastrophic forgetting, the model is tested on all the previous tasks as it completes any task. As a step toward developing true lifelong learning systems, we unify gradient episodic memory (a catastrophic forgetting alleviation approach) and Net2Net (a capacity expansion approach). Both models are proposed in the context of feedforward networks, and we evaluate the feasibility of using them for recurrent networks. Evaluation on the proposed benchmark shows that the unified model is more suitable than the constituent models for lifelong learning setting.
A Robust Model of Gated Working Memory
Authors: Strock Anthony , Hinaut Xavier , Rougier Nicolas P.
Published: November 2019

Gated working memory is defined as the capacity of holding arbitrary information at any time in order to be used at a later time. Based on electrophysiological recordings, several computational models have tackled the problem using dedicated and explicit mechanisms. We propose instead to consider an implicit mechanism based on a random recurrent neural network. We introduce a robust yet simple reservoir model of gated working memory with instantaneous updates. The model is able to store an arbitrary real value at random time over an extended period of time. The dynamics of the model is a line attractor that learns to exploit reentry and a nonlinearity during the training phase using only a few representative values. A deeper study of the model shows that there is actually a large range of hyperparameters for which the results hold (e.g., number of neurons, sparsity, global weight scaling) such that any large enough population, mixing excitatory and inhibitory neurons, can quickly learn to realize such gated working memory. In a nutshell, with a minimal set of hypotheses, we show that we can have a robust model of working memory. This suggests this property could be an implicit property of any random population, that can be acquired through learning. Furthermore, considering working memory to be a physically open but functionally closed system, we give account on some counterintuitive electrophysiological recordings.
Optimal Sampling of Parametric Families: Implications for Machine Learning
Authors: Huber Adrian E. G. , Anumula Jithendar , Liu Shih-Chii
Published: November 2019

It is well known in machine learning that models trained on a training set generated by a probability distribution function perform far worse on test sets generated by a different probability distribution function. In the limit, it is feasible that a continuum of probability distribution functions might have generated the observed test set data; a desirable property of a learned model in that case is its ability to describe most of the probability distribution functions from the continuum equally well. This requirement naturally leads to sampling methods from the continuum of probability distribution functions that lead to the construction of optimal training sets. We study the sequential prediction of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes that form a parametric family. We find empirically that a simple deep network trained on optimally constructed training sets using the methods described in this letter can be robust to changes in the test set distribution.
A Struggle for Survival: Genoese Diplomacy with the Sublime Porte in the Face of Spanish and French Opposition
Authors: Mercan F. Özden
Published: November 2019

During the sixteenth century Genoa became a significant ally of the Habsburg Empire. Shared political, commercial, financial, and strategic factors tied the Genoese patricians firmly to Spain. However, their alliance was by no means permanent. The relations between the Genoese and the Spanish crown were not without tensions and conflict. In the mid-sixteenth century, the combination of various factors set the stage for Genoa to reconfigure its alliances in the Mediterranean. Having fallen victim to the Habsburg and Valois conflict and being torn between the two, Genoa was forced to resort to an alternative imperial power, the Ottoman Empire, to protect its integrity and independence, as well as to engage in the Levant trade. This article focuses on this moment of crisis in Genoa and analyzes how it led the Genoese to consider shifting their alliance from the Habsburgs to the Ottomans, who were the former’s most compelling rival in the Mediterranean. Although the Genoese endeavor ultimately ended in failure, the idea of a potential alliance with the Ottomans and the efforts Genoa invested in its diplomatic negotiations provides insight into the strategies a small state used to survive at a time when imperial rivalry over the Mediterranean was escalating.
The Vendor’s Note
Authors: Liebrenz Boris
Published: November 2019

One form of manuscript notes that has not received any scholarly treatment so far is the vendor’s note. Its common characteristic in place and formulary as well as the limited time during which it was used, broadly between the 7th and 10th century AH, warrant the preliminary assessment of this article. It is hoped that the description, analysis, and edition of a small corpus will make it easier to identify this type of note in the future.
Arabe 334a. A Vocalized Kufic Quran in a Non-canonical Hijazi Reading
Authors: van Putten Marijn
Published: November 2019

This is a study of the Quranic manuscript Arabe 334a held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It is a vocalized manuscript representing a Quranic reading tradition that falls outside the canonical ten reading traditions known to us today. It is shown that this manuscript, on the basis of verse division, is a Hijazi (probably Medinan) manuscript. The reading represented in the vocalization is likely also a non-canonical Hijazi reading. This article contains an edition of the folios of this manuscript and an in-depth study of the orthography, vocalization, verse division, and general principles and specific variants of the reading.
Fanon’s Idealism: Hopeful Resignation, Violence, and Healing
Authors: Ureña Carolyn
Published: November 2019

The Spirit of Bandung is marked by its idealism, a state of mind few associate with the revolutionary Martinican physician and psychiatrist Frantz Fanon, who is perhaps best known for Les damnés de la terre, in particular its opening chapter on violence. And yet, Fanon’s work, too, is marked by a keen sense of hope as he urges himself and his readers, “[to] make a new start, develop a new way of thinking, and endeavor to create a new man.” As a clinician and philosopher who combined phenomenology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis in his work, Fanon draws our attention to the importance of healing the physical, affective, and epistemological wounds of anti-black racism by attending to the social relations that produce them. This paper takes as a point of departure Fanon’s “Letter to the Resident Minister (1956),” in which he resigns from his post as Médecin-Chef de service at the Psychiatric Hospital of Blida-Joineville in war-torn Algeria. More than a gesture, I argue that Fanon’s active withdrawal as a representative of French colonialism enabled Fanon to write Wretched of the Earth and raises the question of what role hopeful resignation can have in achieving decolonial healing.
Biomechanical costs and benefits of sit-and-wait foraging traps
Authors: Blamires Sean J.
Published: November 2019

Traps are rarely used by animals, despite the plausible benefits of broadening the number and diversity of prey that sit-and-wait foragers might be able to capture. The most well-known trap building sit-and-wait foragers are among the invertebrates, i.e. antlions, wormlions, glow worms, caddisflies, and spiders. A plausible hypothesis for the paucity of trap building by other animals is that biomechanical limitations render them inefficient or ineffective at catching sufficient prey. Here I examined the literature to make a valued judgement about the validity of this hypothesis. It appears that antlion and wormlion pit traps cannot catch and retain the largest prey they might expect to encounter. Arachnacampa glowworm traps are functionally efficient, facilitated by the animal’s bioluminescence. Nevertheless they only function in very moist or humid conditions. Caddisfly traps rely on flowing water to be able to capture their prey. Spiders are exceptional in developing a wide range of prey trapping strategies, from webs with dry adhesives, to sticky orb webs, to modified orb webs, e.g. elongated “ladder” webs, to webs with additional structures, and web aggregations. Some spiders have even redesigned their webs to minimize the high prey escape rates associated with web two dimensionality. These webs nevertheless are constructed and used at specific costs. While hard data across all of the invertebrate predators is lacking, there seems to be credence in the hypothesis that the biomechanical limitations placed on trap functionality can explain their limited use among animals.
A certain note on the wrestling behavior of Haemadipsa picta leeches
Authors: Peryga Maja , Miler Krzysztof
Published: November 2019

Some terrestrial leeches mate by entwining the anterior ends of their bodies and then copulating. Here, we report first observations of a similar behavioral pattern in Haemadipsa picta terrestrial leeches from Malaysian Borneo. However, because the observed pattern can be easily induced artificially with no clear evidence of copulation, we suggest that it may serve another function, particularly in H. picta. We hypothesize that the wrestling behavior, as we term it, may be a ritualized aggressive display driven by competition for ambush location. Haemadipsid fauna of the region is poorly studied, therefore our observations extend limited knowledge about these leeches and open interesting research avenues for the study of the wrestling behavior.
Using animal tracks to decipher the foraging mode of species capable of altering between the sit-and-wait and widely foraging modes: a case study of the sand viper Cerastes vipera
Authors: Subach Aziz
Published: November 2019

The sand viper Cerastes vipera can employ one of two distinct foraging modes, the widely foraging or sit-and-wait mode, depending on the interplay between external and internal factors. Here, I illustrate how tracking methods can be used to evaluate the relative usage of each of the two foraging modes by the sand viper. Foraging theory models generally refer to the time invested in foraging as the main indicator of the energy invested in foraging. I suggest that tracking and counting print marks on trails offer a more precise method of estimating foraging costs in the field. I model the benefits and costs of the viper employing each of the two foraging modes using tracking data, and discuss how it can be used to decipher its foraging mode. I present a measurement approach by which to assess the relative usage of different foraging modes. I contend that the proposed tracking methods and their analysis should prove to be equally applicable to other animals that leave print marks on sand or snow.
Spatial proximity and prey vibratory cues influence collective hunting in social spiders
Authors: Wright Colin M. , Lichtenstein James L.L. , Luscuskie Lauren P. , Montgomery Graham A. , Geary Sara , Pruitt Jonathan N. , Pinter-Wollman Noa , Keiser Carl N.
Published: November 2019

Social spiders are thought to predominantly receive information about their environment through vibrational cues. Thus, group living introduces the challenge of distinguishing useful vibrational information from the background noise of nestmates. Here we investigate whether spatial proximity between colony-mates may allow social spiders (Stegodyphus dumicola) to reduce background noise that might obstruct vibrational information from prey. To do so, we constructed experimental colonies and measured whether the number of spiders in proximity to one another whilst resting could predict the number of spiders that participated in prey capture. Additionally, we exposed spider colonies to five different simulated vibrational cues mimicking prey to determine which cue types spiders were most responsive to. We found that the number of spiders huddled together prior to foraging trials was positively correlated with the number of spiders participating in collective foraging. Furthermore, colonies responded more quickly to pulsed vibrational cues over other types of vibrational patterns. Together these data reveal that both social interactions and prey cues shape how social sit-and-wait predators experience and respond to their environment.
Methylation of p73 Gene is Associated with Increased Risk of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Gao Xiaojie , Hou Zhenyu , Wang Shucheng
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to investigate the association between methylation in the promoter region of the p73 gene and the clinical features papillary thyroid cancer. Forty-two pairs of papillary thyroid cancer and corresponding paracancerous tissues and blood samples from January to June 2015
were enrolled in this study. The methylation level of the p73 gene and p73 mRNA level were detected by methylation-specific PCR and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The correlation between the methylation level of p73 gene and p73 mRNA level was analyzed. The methylation status of p73
and p16 in plasma were also detected, and the correlation between them was analyzed. The results showed that p73 methylation was found at CG sites in 28 cancer tissues, which mainly located at positions 21, 22, 23 CG sites, but methylation was not identified at CG sites in paracancerous tissues
(P < 0.01). The methylation level of the p73 gene was negatively correlated with p73 mRNA level (P < 0.01). Methylation of p73 gene was correlated with lymph node metastasis, but not age, sex, clinical stage of the patients. Methylation of p73 in plasma was correlated with
methylation of tumor suppressor gene p16, which increased the risk of papillary thyroid cancer. In conclusion, we found that hypermethylation of the p73 gene is associated with the development and metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer, which may be suggested as a new candidate tumor suppressor
gene in papillary thyroid cancer.
Workflow Scheduling in Cloud Computing
Authors: Gupta Gifty , Mangla Neeraj
Published: November 2019

To develop scientific applications, workflow systems have become an efficient and easy vehicle. These systems use the resource provisioning, on-demand virtualized resources technology provided by Cloud computing. These virtualized resources are dynamically added and removed and users
have to pay in accordance to the usage of these resources. The main issue that arises here is to decide allocation of resources to various tasks of workflow and their scheduling. As cost and execution time of applications is affected by the amount of allocated resources. In this paper the
main focus is on strategies that handles workflow scheduling. There is an extensive study of such policies used in Cloud environment and also their thorough classification.
Analysis of Different Evolutionary Techniques on Fuzzy Rule Base Generation
Authors: Wadhawan Savita , Kumar Gautam , Bhatnagar Vivek
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the analysis of different population based algorithms for the rulebase generation from numerical data sets. As fuzzy rulebase generation is one of the key issues in fuzzy modeling. The algorithms are applied on a rapid Ni–Cd battery charger data set. In this
paper, we compare the efficiency of different algorithms and conclude that SCA algorithms with local search give remarkable efficiency as compared to SCA algorithms alone. Also found that the efficiency of SCA with local search is comparable to memetic algorithms.
Presentation and Management of Killian Jamieson Diverticulum: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Haddad Narmien , Agarwal Pratima , Levi Jessica R. , Tracy Jeremiah C. , Tracy Lauren F.
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To examine the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of Killian–Jamieson diverticula (KJD) through literature review.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted through December 2018 using keywords Killian–Jamieson diverticula/diverticulum. Data extracted included clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, surgical management, and postoperative care.

Sources:

PubMed and Google Scholar.

Results:

Sixty-eight cases of KJD in 59 reports (29M:39F; median 58 years old) were identified for review. The most common presentation was dysphagia (n = 39), suspected thyroid nodule (n = 24) and globus (n = 14). The majority of KJD (n = 51) occur on the left, with rare reports of right side (n = 11) and bilateral (n = 5) presentation. Thirty-two cases describe surgical management: 22 utilizing a transcervical approach, with (n = 13) or without (n = 9) cricopharyngeal myotomy; and 10 reported endoscopic surgery. Diverticula managed transcervically averaged 3.8 cm in size in comparison to average 2.8 cm in the endoscopic group. Time to diet initiation after transcervical surgery averaged 4 days versus 2 days after endoscopic surgery. Complications were reported in 2/68 cases; both were diverticula recurrence after endoscopic surgery.

Conclusion:

Killian–Jamieson diverticula is a rare diagnosis that should be considered in the evaluation of dysphagia, globus, and also suspected thyroid nodule. When patient symptoms warrant intervention, a transcervical approach, with or without cricopharyngeal myotomy, is most commonly utilized. In recent years, an endoscopic approach has been presented as an alternative for smaller diverticula. Further understanding of the optimal treatment and postoperative management for KJD requires larger cohorts.

Level of Evidence:

4
Role of Viral Molecular Panels in Diagnosing the Etiology of Fever in Infants Younger Than 3 Months
Authors: Epalza Cristina , Hallin Marie , Busson Laurent , Debulpaep Sara , De Backer Paulette , Vandenberg Olivier , Levy Jack
Published: November 2019

As infants with proven viral infection present lower risk of bacterial infection, we evaluated how molecular methods detecting viruses on respiratory secretions could contribute to etiological diagnostic of these febrile episodes. From November 2010 to May 2011, we enrolled all febrile infants <90 days presenting to emergency room. Standard workup included viral rapid antigenic test and viral culture on nasopharyngeal aspirate. Samples negative by rapid testing were tested by molecular methods. From 208 febrile episodes (198 infants) with standard techniques, rate of documented microbiological etiology was 13% at emergency department, 47% during hospitalization, and 64% with viral cultures. Molecular methods increased microbiologically documented etiology rate by 12%, to 76%. Contribution of molecular methods was the highest in infants without clinical source of infection, increasing documentation by 18%, from 50% to 68%. Making viral molecular results rapidly available could help identifying a higher proportion of infants at low risk of serious bacterial infection.
A study of optimum processing parameters and abnormal parameter identification of the twin-screw co-rotating extruder mixing process based on the distribution and dispersion properties for SiO2/low-density polyethylene nano-composites
Authors: Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey , Huang Chang-Chiun , Lin Yi-Jen , Dong Min-Yan
Published: November 2019

This study took nano-silica particles mixed in low-density polyethylene to implement the optimum processing parameters and make abnormal parameter identification for the twin-screw co-rotating extruder used in the manufacturing process. The mixing quality was divided into distribution and dispersion, where distribution was tested by an energy dispersive spectrometer and evaluated using the coefficient of variation. Dispersion was assessed by the surface effect and specific surface equations, as based on the spectrum of scanning electron microscopy. By using the Taguchi method in planning the experiment coupled with an analysis of variance, we conducted the single-quality characteristic analysis of the experimental results of the two quality characteristics, namely the distribution and dispersion. Then, by using the hierarchical architecture of analytic level process, we can obtain the optimized parameter factors and levels and the calculation of the total weighting of various parameter levels, as well as the ranking of the parameter levels. According to the confirmation experimental results, the signal-to-noise ratios of distribution and dispersion fell within 95% confidence intervals, indicating that the experiment can be represented and reliable. The optimum parameters combination is SiO2 addition level 1%, screw speed 60 rpm, mixing time 5 min, temperature (upper) 150℃, temperature (middle), 175℃ and temperature (lower) 190℃. After that, by using the optimal parameters and operation processing parameters for support vector machine classification, the abnormality of the processing parameters can be identified for 100%. The good quality of the production can be guaranteed during the extrusion.
When Academic Success Is Insufficient
Authors: Davila Omar
Published: November 2019

Education scholars have long debated ways to address the marginal status of Latinx students. Academic initiatives, such as “Equity and Excellence” and “Diversity and Inclusion,” arose from community struggles to empower Latinxs and students of color broadly. Jonathan Rosa’s book, Looking Like a Language, Sounding Like a Race: Raciolinguistic Ideologies and the Learning of Latinidad, offers an important critique vis-à-vis academic success. This book review highlights Rosa’s ethnographic work around the way Latinx linguistic and literacy practices are rendered criminal and illegitimate. Rosa’s book pushes us to go beyond existing frameworks to theorize new educational possibilities.
Presence, resilience, and compassion training in clinical education (PRACTICE): Evaluation of a mindfulness-based intervention for residents
Authors: Szuster Richard R , Onoye Jane M , Eckert M Diane , Kurahara David K , Ikeda Reid K , Matsu Courtenay R
Published: November 2019

Background

Residents’ well-being tends to decline in the course of training, yet research on preventive and restorative interventions for residents is limited. Mindfulness-based interventions have been successfully employed to support well-being in practicing physicians, but their impacts on residents are not well established.

Objective

This paper describes the structure, content, and evaluation of a pilot mindfulness-based intervention program designated PRACTICE (presence, resilience and compassion training in clinical education) that was designed specifically to support resident well-being.

Methods

A combined sample of 14 postgraduate year one residents from two residency training programs participated in a four-session (8 h) mindfulness-based intervention in the Fall/Winter of 2018. Participants were surveyed before, after, and at 3 months postintervention, on measures of wellness (Professional Fulfillment Index) and mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), along with measures of program engagement.

Results

Participants demonstrated a significant reduction in burnout at the conclusion of the program. Depression and anxiety screening scores also trended toward improvement. However, participants were not able to sustain these gains. Three months after the conclusion of the program wellness measures had returned to preintervention levels.

Conclusions

The results of this study support the use of mindfulness-based interventions in resident wellness programs. The lack of an enduring effect indicates the need for a maintenance phase intervention.
Exploring the Relationship Between Major Mental Illness and Sex Offending Behavior in a High-Risk Population
Authors: Kelley Sharon M. , Thornton David , Mattek Ryan , Johnson Letitia , Ambroziak Gina
Published: November 2019

Empirically supported risk factors are predictive of sexual re-offense regardless of whether individuals suffer from a major mental illness. A small subgroup of individuals with major mental illness may be more likely to demonstrate acute psychotic symptoms at the time of their sexual offending behavior (Smith & Taylor, 1999). This study reviewed archival data from a high-risk sample to identify 55 individuals with major mental illness who had committed a total of 176 sex offenses. The relationship between acute psychiatric symptoms and criminogenic needs was explored. Most sex offenses were not temporally related to acute psychiatric symptoms. The apparent effect of mental health symptoms on criminogenic factors over the individual’s life was rated. Where acute symptoms were associated with worsened criminogenic factors, this most often involved Grievance Thinking, Poor Emotional Control, and Poor Problem-Solving. Typologies emerged based on the pattern of criminogenic needs along with demographic and offense characteristics. Assessment and treatment implications are discussed.
Do Detail and Its Verifiability Serve as Indicators of Strategy Effectiveness and as Sources of Credibility in Voluntary Qualitative Disclosure?
Authors: Cannon James N. , Denison Christine A. , Watanabe Olena V.
Published: November 2019

This article examines whether detail and its verifiability serve as indicators of strategy effectiveness and provide sources of credibility in voluntary qualitative disclosure. In an archival study, utilizing a difference-in-difference research design, we find that firms that introduce customer retention strategy disclosures with verifiable detail are more effective at retaining customers than are firms that introduce disclosures with nonverifiable detail. In contrast, we find no significant difference between the performance of firms that initiate disclosures with verifiable detail and that of firms that initiate disclosures with no detail. In an experimental study, we find that customer retention strategy disclosures that include either verifiable or nonverifiable detail are perceived to be more credible than disclosures that provide no detail. In combination, we infer it is the verifiability of detail that predicts strategy effectiveness consistent with the disclosure, despite detail invoking perceived credibility in such disclosure.
Gender (Conformity) Matters: Cross-Dimensional and Cross-Modal Associations in Sexual Orientation Perception
Authors: Kachel Sven , Steffens Melanie C. , Preuß Sabine , Simpson Adrian P.
Published: November 2019

Although sexual orientation (SO) is perceptually ambiguous, people are able to detect it with above-chance accuracy from faces and, sometimes, from voices. Despite a multitude of “gaydar” studies, it is unclear (1) whether vocal or facial signals carry more SO information, (2) whether raters refer to target’s SO instead of gender-role conformity when forming SO impressions, and (3) whether there are any differences for female and male targets. We collected face photographs, voice recordings, and self-reported gender-role conformity of 18 lesbian/gay and straight female and male target persons each. Study 1 (rating of SO) showed that faces led to higher accuracies than voices, which was especially true for female targets. Study 2 (rating of gender-role conformity) showed that the link between self-reported and attributed SO was mediated by self-reported and attributed gender-role conformity. Results support the centrality of gender-role conformity, more than that of SO, in impression formation.
Post-gay, Political, and Pieced Together: Queer Expectations of Straight Allies
Authors: Forbes TehQuin D. , Ueno Koji
Published: November 2019

Past research has examined straight allyship to the queer community from allies’ perspectives, but little is known about how queer people evaluate straight allies. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 20 LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) students from a large, public university in the southeastern United States, we show that respondents formulate their expectations by leaning on their understanding of their own queerness in relation to other privileged and marginalized identities they possess. We find two opposing camps of thought: one that allies should be attuned to the individual needs of queer people in their personal lives, and the other that they should be actively dedicated to supporting the broader queer community. Some respondents expressed sentiments of both camps, showcasing how expectations range with diverse identity constellations. We conclude with discussions of how diverse expectations complicate allyship as a vehicle for social change, and the implications of these results for allies’ roles in queer rights movements.
Challenged by Great Expectations? Examining Cross-Level Moderations and Curvilinearity in the Public Sector Job Demands–Resources Model
Authors: Bauwens Robin , Decramer Adelien , Audenaert Mieke
Published: November 2019

This article extends the job demands–resources model in the public sector by including (a) cross-level (moderation) effects of job demands and resources, (b) positive and nonlinear effects of job demands, and (c) vitality as a key work engagement concept. Data on expected contributions and developmental rewards in public university colleges (n = 65 teams and n = 219 employees) reveals that individual-level higher expected contributions are associated with higher performance, mediated by vitality. This mediation is stronger in the presence of more team-level developmental rewards, suggesting a cross-level moderated mediation. We find indications for curvilinear effects of expected contributions. Contrary to expectations, these effects do not show inverted U shapes, but rather exponential relations. Our results contribute to “bringing in a psychological perspective” in public administration and suggest that public leaders could apply the job demands–resources model as a practical tool and vitality as a metric to create healthy and effective work environments.
Growth and Investment: Testing for the Relationship for South Asian Countries
Authors: Kathuria Vinish
Published: November 2019

Last few decades have seen wide-ranging reforms in South Asia. Among the vital industrial reforms is allowing unbridled foreign direct investment (FDI) in many sectors, apart from tariff rationalization and other product market reforms. The outcome of these reforms is increased growth of these countries through direct benefits of FDI and indirectly through crowding in of domestic investment. Fast growth of economies also tends to attract more FDI, as the growing market raises the profitability of the investment. Under this backdrop, this article has two objectives: (a) to see if there is any structural change in the growth of South Asian countries, and (b) what role FDI has played in this structural change. For the first objective, the study employs endogenous ‘structure-break’ tests on annual GDP data for the 58 years from 1960 to 2017 to find the structural change in the economy. For the second objective, we estimate a three-way dynamic causal relationship between investment (FDI and gross fixed capital formation [GFCF]) and growth (GDP) for four key South Asian countries—India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. For the analysis, we apply the bounds tests (autoregressive distributed lag [ARDL]) approach to cointegration for the period. The results show different break years for each of the South Asian country. The causal relationship between investment and growth is not uniform for the chosen countries. We find FDI has not resulted in long-term growth in any of the selected countries. Results also show that FDI has not crowded in domestic investment in most of these countries.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage–induced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with ST-segment elevation from the electrocardiogram: Two case reports
Authors: Wei Ting Wei , Lai Pei Fang , Chang Hsin
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a critical disease, and people may get mortality on SAH. Another severe disease induced cardiac arrest is acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and our two cases share the typical characteristics of ACS electrocardiogram (ECG) with ST-segment elevation. The experience is rare and educable, so we present this article to remind emergency physicians in similar cases.

Case presentation:

Two post-resuscitation electrocardiogram (ECG)-proven cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) revealed ST-segment elevation.

Discussion:

However, the etiology of the arrest was proven to be subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the Emergency Department. In this article, we shared ECGs and brain CT scans as a reminder to ED doctors to bear in mind other differential diagnoses when ECGs show ST-segment elevation post-resuscitation.

Conclusion:

Cases such as these alert frontline ED physicians to the possibility of SAH in cardiac arrest patients and the potentially lethal consequence of inappropriate treatment.
Migration practitioners’ roles in communicating credible refugee claims
Authors: Smith-Khan Laura
Published: November 2019

This article explores the important communicative roles that Australian migration lawyers and agents play when assisting refugee visa applicants, with particular attention to how they contribute to the (re)construction of applicant credibility. It identifies a range of communicative choices and concludes that practitioners have a variety of individual beliefs and skills that lead them to participate in applications and appeals in diverse ways. This indicates the potential for diverse experiences and outcomes for individual asylum seekers based on the assistance they have.
Supporting the Development of Agency in Music Teacher Education
Authors: Tucker Olivia Gail
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for understanding and supporting the development of preservice teacher agency across undergraduate coursework and experiences. Emirbayer and Mische’s chordal triad represents a temporal-relational view of agency that may be used in facilitating class discussions and designing field experiences and curricula. In this article, I connect the three components of the framework, which are the iterative (past), practical-evaluative (present), and projective (future) dimensions of human agency, to music teacher education research and suggest how to incorporate findings to facilitate agentic action. These connections between the chordal triad of agency and music teacher education research may serve as starting points for needed inquiry into and the inclusion of agency in music teacher education. Greater agency may provide individual teachers with the means to expand, innovate, and modify school music education for more inclusive forms and practices in local school contexts.
The Relationship Between ADHD Symptomatology and Financial Well-Being Among College Students
Authors: Norvilitis Jill M. , Linn Braden K. , Merwin Michelle M.
Published: November 2019

Objective: Although there is research that indicates financial difficulties among adults with ADHD, little research has examined financial well-being among college students with ADHD. Method: The present study explored the relationships between symptoms of ADHD and credit card and student loan debt, expected student loan debt, perceived financial well-being, worries about student loans, and financial strain behaviors among 612 college students at two public universities in different states. Results: Results indicated that students with more symptoms of ADHD reported lower perceived financial well-being, but there was no relationship between symptomatology and credit card and student loan debt or expected student loan debt. Conclusion: These results highlight the opportunity for interventions to address current perceived financial well-being and to prevent future financial concerns.
Thermal interactions in rolling bearings
Authors: Gupta Pradeep K , Taketa Jared I , Price Craig M
Published: November 2019

Rolling bearing dynamics model, based on classical differential equations of motion of bearing elements coupled with thermal interactions, is presented. While churning and drag effects are based on classical laminar and turbulent flow theories, independently measured lubricant rheology, including shear dependence of viscosity, is used to model lubricant traction. The energy equation is integrated through the lubricant film to first compute Newtonian traction with thermal effects. Viscosity dependence on shear stress is then applied to model “shear-thinning” effects. At very high contact pressure and very low slide-to-roll ratios material creep effects, where the behavior of lubricated and dry contacts is similar, are implemented, while a shear stress limit is applied at very high slide-to-roll ratios. Traction predictions for a typical contact in a traction rig show good agreement with experimental traction data. Transient heat generations are time-averaged over thermal time step to compute time-varying temperature fields in the bearing, which alter properties of bearing materials, operating bearing geometry, and rheology of the lubricant. As the transient solutions converge to stable operating temperatures, bearing heat generation approaches the expected steady-state value. Heat generation predictions for both ball and rolling bearings are in good agreement with measured experimental data.
Influence of geometric parameters on the bump foil bearing performance
Authors: Kulkarni Sadanand , Jana Soumendu
Published: November 2019

High-speed rotating system development has drawn considerable attention of the researchers, in the recent past. Foil bearings are one of the major contenders for such applications, particularly for high speed and low load rotating systems. In foil bearings, process fluid or air is used as the working medium and no additional lubricant is required. It is known from the published literature that the load capacity of foil bearings depend on the operating speed, viscosity of the medium, clearance, and stiffness of the foil apart from the geometric dimensions of the bearing. In case of foil bearing with given dimensions, clearance governs the magnitude of pressure developed, whereas stiffness dictates the change in radial clearance under the generated pressure. This article deals with the effect of stiffness, clearance, and its interaction on the bump foil bearings load-carrying capacity. For this study, four sets of foil bearings of the same geometry with two levels of stiffness and clearance values are fabricated. Experiments are carried out following two factor-two level factorial design approach under constant load and in each case, the lift-off speed is measured. The experimental output is analyzed using statistical techniques to evaluate the influence of parameters under consideration. The results indicate that clearance has the maximum influence on the lift-off speed/ load-carrying capacity, followed by interaction effect and stiffness. A regression model is developed based on the experimental values and model is validated using error analysis technique.
A novel algorithm for the absorbed power estimation of HEXA parallel mechanism using an extended inverse dynamic model
Authors: Milica Lucian , Năstase Alexandru , Andrei Gabriel
Published: November 2019

Dynamic models of several mechanical systems are used for the analysis of specific robotic mechanisms. Two different situations may be encountered. The first situation is when the robot’s command system, based on Lagrange’s differential equations, calculates the corrections of command parameters of the actuators at short intervals of time. This model includes both the characteristics of the mechanical structure and those of the actuators and transmission. A second situation is encountered during the motion planning, when a model is needed to calculate both engine parameters and inertial forces which are applied to the mechanical system during the operation. Consequently, in this study, a d’Alembert-Newton model is used for extended dynamic analysis of a new constructive solution of a parallel mechanism. The dynamic model of a HEXA parallel mechanism has been developed using the abovementioned theory, and further, the dynamic inverse solution has been obtained. The numerical results were obtained using an original algorithm. This dynamic model allows the estimation of power absorbed by each actuator and also the loading control for each kinematic chain of the HEXA parallel mechanism. Knowing the variation of driving torque, for all the six actuators of the mechanism, allows the user to choose an optimal trajectory, such as avoiding excessive loading of a single kinematic chain.
Analysis of cable effect on dynamic motion of an underwater vehicle for welding of reaction pool
Authors: Li Zhandong , Tao Jianguo , Sun Hao , Luo Yang , Li Jingkui , Deng Zongquan
Published: November 2019

Remotely operated vehicle is a reliable tool in an emergency rescue and routing inspection of a reactor pool. In practice, a cable has been considered as an important part of a vehicle system (i.e. winch, vehicle, and cable) to evaluate and predict the mechanical characteristics, and this article presents a study on a dynamic mechanism modeling of a cable partially in water and air based on an omnidirectional motion, and a numerical simulation is employed. In this work, we programmed the model governed by a partial differential equation set, at the discrete time node which was transformed into an ordinary differential equation set regarded as an initial value problem. The dynamic mechanical characteristics of the lower endpoint (i.e. a connection point between vehicle and cable) and the upper endpoint (i.e. a connection point between cable and winch) were, respectively, quantified with acceleration and a compounded motion including a uniform and rolling motion. A dynamic-state mechanism test was carried out to verify an authenticity of the three-dimensional mechanical model and numerical solution in a circulating tank. The results demonstrated that the presented method was used to evaluate the dynamic mechanism, and held a potential to improve a vehicle design and control strategy.
Activity monitor use among persons with multiple sclerosis: Report on rate, pattern, and association with physical activity levels
Authors: Silveira Stephanie L , Motl Robert W
Published: November 2019

Background

Commercially available activity monitors are a promising approach for tracking and changing physical activity in multiple sclerosis.

Objective

This study reports on the rate and pattern of activity monitor use in persons with multiple sclerosis, and compares self-reported physical activity levels between persons who do wear and those who do not wear activity monitors.

Methods

Participants completed a cross-sectional survey that included a demographic and clinical characteristics scale, activity monitor use questionnaire, and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) for measuring total and health-promoting physical activity.

Results

Of the 629 participants who completed the full survey, 249 (40%) reported using an activity monitor. The most common activity monitors were Fitbit, Apple watch, iPhone, and Garmin. There was a significant ( p < 0.05), moderate difference ( d = 0.5) in GLTEQ total scores between activity monitor users (36.6 ± 23.9) and non-users (25.0 ± 22.2), and in GLTEQ Health Contribution Score between activity monitor users (25.6 ± 22.3) and non-users (14.6 ± 18.9) ( p < 0.05, d = 0.5). Self-reported steps from the activity monitor were significantly correlated with GLTEQ total score (ρ = 0.45; r = 0.36) and GLTEQ Health Contribution Score (ρ = 0.41; r = 0.35).

Conclusion

Activity monitor use is common among persons with multiple sclerosis, and activity monitor users report more total and health-promoting physical activity; this warrants further research investigating how devices may be used as a behavioral intervention tool.
Toward a Rich Data Future for School Finance Research
Authors: Baker Bruce D. , Chingos Matthew M.
Published: November 2019

This special topic is intended to advance research in school finance using two newly produced compilations of multiple longitudinal data systems, the School Finance Indicators Database ( http://schoolfinancedata.org/ ) and the Urban Institute, Education Data Explorer ( https://educationdata.urban.org/data-explorer/ ). This special topic contains two articles taking advantage of comprehensive longitudinal data on school finance. The first, by Victoria Sosina and Ericka Weathers, uses panel data from the School Finance Indicators Data System from 1999 to 2013 to evaluate whether and to what extent changes to Black-White and Latinx-White demographic differences among districts leads to greater resource disparity over time. The second article, by Knight and Mendoza, combines data from the Census Fiscal Survey with data from the California Department of Education to explore whether differences in data on and measures of school funding equity matter (i.e., lead to similar or different conclusions) when evaluating the effects of California’s 2013 adoption of the Local Control Funding Formula.
Food-related exposure to systemic pesticides and pesticides from transgenic plants: evaluation of aquatic test strategies
Authors: Bundschuh Rebecca , Bundschuh Mirco , Otto Mathias , Schulz Ralf
Published: November 2019

The aquatic Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for pesticides relies on standardized experimental protocols focusing on exposure via the water phase or the sediment. Systemic pesticides (e.g., neonicotinoids) or pesticides produced in transgenic plants (e.g.,Btproteins) can be introduced into aquatic ecosystems as part of plant residues. Consequently, they may be taken up by organisms as part of their diet. Here, we analyzed (i) whether standardized aquatic ecotoxicological test guidelines consider an exposure route via food and (ii) whether these tests can be easily modified to take this exposure route into account. From the 156 existing test guidelines, only those for fish and amphibians partly consider a potential route of uptake via food. From the remaining invertebrate guidelines, those focussing on chronic endpoints may be most suitable to cover this exposure path. We suggest assessing the food-related effects of systemic pesticides in a dose-dependent manner using standardized guidelines or methods developed from peer-reviewed literature. For transgenic plants, spiking uncontaminated leaf material with increasing concentrations of the test substances would allow to test for dose responses. After adaption to oral uptake, standard test guidelines currently available for the ERA appear, in principle, suitable for testing effects of systemic pesticides and transgenic plants.