bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calciphylaxis: A Rare Complication of Patients Who Required Parathyroidectomy for Advanced Renal Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Matstusoka Susumu , Tominaga Yoshihiro , Uno Nobuaki , Goto Norihiko , Sato Tetsuhiko , Katayama Akio , Haba Toshihito , Uchida Kazuharu , Kobayashi Keiko , Nakao Akimasa
Published: April 2005

Calciphylaxis is a relatively rare but life‐threatening complication in uremic patients. Clinical findings and prognosis were evaluated in six patients who developed calciphylaxis from a group of 1499 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy (PTx) for advanced renal hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in our department from July 1972 to July 2003. The frequency of calciphylaxis was 0.40% (6/1499). Two patients were women and four were men. The mean age was 50.5 years, and the mean duration of hemodialysis (HD) treatment was 14.0 years. In five of six patients, calciphylaxis was classified as distal type; in one case, as proximal type. In three patients, calciphylaxis was diagnosed at the time for PTx. In two patients, calciphylaxis was identified after PTx, although the serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was within the appropriate range for dialysis patients. In two patients, calciphylaxis improved after PTx, but two patients required leg and toe amputations after PTx. In one patient with the proximal type of calciphylaxis, the condition occurred when a high PTH level recurred after the initial PTx. The patient died as a result of a serious infection due to uncontrollable skin ulcers. Calciphylaxis is a rare complication in patients who require PTx for renal HPT. Especially the proximal type has a poor prognosis. High levels of the Ca × P product and/or PTH are risk factors. Therefore, this syndrome should be kept in mind and attention should be paid to reduce risk factors. It is important that PTx being performed at the right time in patients with advanced renal HPT refractory to medical treatment.
Management of Ascites after Radical Surgery in Gastric Cancer Patients With Liver Cirrhosis and Minimal Hepatic Dysfunction
Authors: Ryu Keun Won , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Young Woo , Park Joong‐Won , Bae Jae‐Moon
Published: April 2005

A radical lymph node dissection is important for the cure of gastric cancer. However, such a procedure in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) could develop serious complications such as massive ascites. To determine the management of postoperative ascites, 26 gastric cancer patients with LC were reviewed retrospectively. Child‐Pugh status was grade A in all 26 patients. Thirteen (50%) patients had advanced gastric cancer, and a D2 lymph nodes dissection was performed in 25 (96.2%) patients. The mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 33 ± 11 (range: 11–54). An abdominal closed suction drain was placed in 12 (46.2%) patients, and the average amount of fluid drainage was 463 ml/day. The drainage tube was removed on about the eleventh postoperative day (range: day 6 to day 13), and diuretics were used in 8 (30.8%) patients. A paracentesis was needed in one patient but no postoperative surgical morbidity or mortality was observed. Therefore, an extended lymph node dissection is safe in gastric cancer patients with mild hepatic dysfunction. Liver cirrhosis and postoperative ascites can be managed conservatively without any complications.
Parathyroid Autotransplantation during Total Thyroidectomy—Does the Number of Glands Transplanted Affect Outcome?
Authors: Palazzo F. Fausto , Sywak Mark S. , Sidhu Stan B. , Barraclough Bruce H. , Delbridge Leigh W.
Published: April 2005

Parathyroid autotransplantation is a technique for ensuring the continued function of parathyroid tissue at the time of total thyroidectomy (TT). The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the number of parathyroids transplanted affects the incidence of temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism. A retrospective cohort study included all patients undergoing a TT in a single unit between July 1998 and June 2003. The number of parathyroids transplanted, the final pathology, and the incidence of temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism were documented. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis. A total of 1196 patients underwent a TT during the 5 years studied. Of these, 306 (25.6%) had no parathyroids transplanted, 650 (54.3%), 206 (17.2%), 34 (2.8%) had 1,2, or 3 glands autotransplanted, respectively. The incidence of temporary hypoparathyroidism was 9.8% for no gland transplants, 11.9%, 15.1%, and 31.4% for 1,2,and 3 gland transplants, respectively (p < 0.05). The incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism was 0.98%, 0.77%, 0.97%, and 0%, respectively (p = NS). The incidence of temporary hypoparathyroidism was higher when surgery was performed for Graves’ disease. Temporary hypocalcemia is closely related to the number of autotransplanted parathyroids during TT. The long‐term outcome is not affected by the number of parathyroids autotransplanted. A “ready selective” approach to parathyroid autotransplantation is an effective strategy for minimizing the rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism.
How to Appraise a Diagnostic Test
Authors: Bhandari Mohit , Guyatt Gordon H.
Published: April 2005

Clinicians frequently confront challenges when using diagnostic tests to help them decide whether the patient before them suffers from a particular target condition or diagnosis. The primary issues to consider when determining the validity of a diagnostic test study are how the authors assembled the patients and whether they used an appropriate reference standard in all patients to determine whether the patients did or did not have the target condition. Surgeons should be interested in the characteristics of the test that indicates the direction and magnitude of change in the probability of the target condition associated with a particular test result. The likelihood ratio best captures the link between the pretest probability of the target condition and the probability after the test results are obtained (also called the posttest probability). Many studies, however, present the properties of diagnostic tests in less clinically useful terms: sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity denotes the proportion of people with the disorder in whom the test result is positive. Specificity denotes the proportion of people without the disorder in whom the test result is negative. Application of the guides presented in this article can allow surgeons to assess critically studies regarding a diagnostic test.
LILY: Anatomy of a Dedicated, XML-Based Robot LIMS
Authors: Edwards Todd C. , Catalano Michael A. , Brooks David R. , Wilson David M.
Published: April 2005

Fully automating laboratory processes is a nontrivial task made more difficult by a lack of standardization between components. Each device in the system requires custom interfaces and translators to permit sharing of data and remote control by a central protocol. The BioCube System from Protedyne features the LILY data management software that enables communication between external databases, the robot controller, and integrated third-party devices. Data is formatted and passed internally as XML files to provide a generic interface for all the components. The resulting system allows the process to begin with the input of samples, and finish with the automatic export of data to a variety of data management software.
A Novel Storage and Retrieval Concept for Compound Collections on Dry Film
Authors: Topp Andreas , Zbinden Peter , Wehner Hans U. , Regenass Urs
Published: April 2005

Multiparallel and combinatorial syntheses have enabled chemists to produce a vast number of chemical compounds for hit- and lead-finding campaigns. For high-throughput screening (HTS), these compound collections are typically dissolved in dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) and stored at temperatures ranging from —80 °C to room temperature (RT). Having compounds readily available as DMSO solutions greatly facilitates HTS. However, there are a number of stability and solubility issues associated with compounds stored as DMSO solutions. 1 – 8 To ensure compound integrity for a long period of time, we have developed a simple dry compound storage concept called DotFoil, from where compounds can be redissolved in a fast, reliable, and easy way and directly used in conventional 96- or 384-well plate based HTS (1536-well format is not supported at this time). Our results indicate that compounds are more stable if stored as dry film on DotFoils, compared to storage as DMSO solutions at +4 °C or RT. Redissolving the dry film of very apolar compounds like triphenylamine, even with a very small extraction volume of 2 μL DMSO, allows > 80% of the total amount of compound to be recovered in solution using the current prototype equipment. Cross contamination between individual wells during the process of redissolving compounds was negligible. Composition of our prototype equipment, procedure, and equipment for the extraction step to redissolve the dry film are described.
Compound Management and Enhancement Activities in AstraZeneca
Authors: Provis Judith
Published: April 2005

The merger between Astra AB (Sweden) and Zeneca Group PLC (U.K.) to form AstraZeneca in April 1999 placed considerable demands on the compound management capabilities within the merged company. A strategy was developed and implemented to ensure that the compound management infrastructure fully underpinned current and future drug discovery processes.

This overview of compound management within AstraZeneca includes the premerger capabilities, the postmerger activities, and key elements of the AstraZeneca strategy that led to the new fully operational and automated compound management facility at Alderley Park.

The tools in place will allow the technologies to change in the various downstream activities with sufficient flexibility to adapt to new demands. New screening strategies are now enabled, whether materials are chosen as selected sets, by rational theories, better use of the big screening capability, or to support difficult targets and assays; the choice is there for the discovery scientists to now exploit.
A GIS‐based agro‐ecological decision system based on gridded climatology
Authors: Tveito Ole Einar , Bjørdal Inge , Skjelvåg Arne Oddvar , Aune Bjørn
Published: April 2005

The introduction of GIS has opened up new possibilities in combining different sources of geographical information. In Norway, an agro‐meteorological decision system is under development which combines gridded weather information with soil and crop development data. The system is based on a daily scale soil moisture model driven by meteorological inputs. Weather information is based on in‐situ observations, and spatial interpolation schemes are used to establish fine‐mesh grids of these variables over the model domain. These interpolation schemes take advantage of geographical co‐variables such as terrain information. The soil moisture model is used to estimate the soil water content, which is the determinant of soil suitability for tillage and sowing. The system also includes a phenological model for identification of suitable days when combine‐harvesting of cereals can be satisfactorily undertaken.

Spatial interpolation of the meteorological elements is based upon all available in‐situ observations. The different elements are interpolated by different interpolation techniques. Snow depth, cloud cover, relative humidity and wind are in this first version, interpolated by using inverse distance weighting. Precipitation is determined by triangulation with elevation adjustment. Temperature is interpolated by using a residual kriging approach that includes five independent predictors in the trend equation. Evaporation is estimated by using the Penman2 formula based on the estimates of the meteorological elements.

This approach is a good demonstration of the benefits of applying GIS and distributed geo‐data in cross‐disciplinary situations. The application is a valuable contribution to soil capability assessments. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Devolution, Social Policy and Education: Some Observations from Northern Ireland
Authors: Donnelly Caitlin , Osborne Robert D.
Published: April 2005

Many commentaries on social policy in the UK assume that policy as developed in England applies to the constituent countries of Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. However, the advent of political devolution in the last five years is slowly being reflected in the literature. This paper takes education policy in Northern Ireland and discusses recent policy developments in the light of the 1998 Belfast Agreement. The Agreement, it is suggested, is providing a framework which promotes equality, human rights and inclusion in policy making. Some early indications of this are discussed and some of the resultant policy dilemmas are assessed. The paper concludes that accounts of policy development in the UK, which ignore the multi-level policy-making contexts created by devolution, do a disservice to the subject.
Introduction Themed Section on Political Economy and Social Policy
Authors: Holden Chris , Sykes Rob
Published: April 2005

This themed section arose partly as a response to the debate, which has been taking place within the academic social policy community recently, about the nature and future of social policy as an area of study. It includes contributions from those working within Politics departments, both in Britain and abroad, as well as from those working within more specific Social Policy contexts. There are many reasons why the Political Economy approach to social policy is particularly appropriate today. Three important reasons are the increasing importance of processes of ‘globalisation’, the ever more explicit linking of economic and social policies by governments, and the entry of new actors such as for-profit corporations into the domain of social policy.
Evolution of the ENSO signal over the tropical Pacific‐Atlantic domain
Authors: Tourre Yves M. , White Warren B.
Published: April 2005

Space‐time evolution of the dominant El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal in the tropical eastern Pacific‐Atlantic domain is investigated (1979–2004). Multi‐Taper‐Method, Singular Value Decomposition (MTM/SVD) and complex empirical orthogonal functions (CEOF) are applied to four variables: sea surface temperature (SST), upper ocean heat storage (HST), zonal surface wind (ZSW), and sea level pressure (SLP). Anomalous evolution for all variables find a dominant ENSO signal (3.4–5.7 years band period) composed of mixed standing modes and propagating modes. The latter evolve eastward from the eastern Pacific Ocean, into the tropical Atlantic basin at ∼20 cm s−1. As such, peak signals in the equatorial Atlantic lag that in the eastern equatorial Pacific by ∼12–18 months. The slow SST/SLP coupled wave propagating through the Caribbean Sea resembles the global ENSO wave identified by White and Cayan (2000).
The effects of interactive ozone chemistry on simulations of the middle atmosphere
Authors: Sassi F. , Boville B. A. , Kinnison D. , Garcia R. R.
Published: April 2005

We compare two simulations of the middle atmosphere using the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, which includes a comprehensive middle atmosphere chemistry model. Ozone is fully interactive in the first simulation. A zonal mean and monthly mean ozone climatology is constructed from the interactive simulation. That ozone climatology is used to determine the radiative heating rates in the second simulation. Comparison of the two simulations shows that using the zonal‐mean ozone climatology significantly affects the climate of the middle atmosphere. Differences between the two simulations are statistically significant throughout the tropics in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere.
Role of the Kelvin and Rossby waves in the seasonal cycle of the equatorial Pacific Ocean circulation
Authors: Yuan Dongliang
Published: April 2005

The dynamics of the seasonal cycle of the equatorial Pacific Ocean circulation are investigated in a hindcast study generated by the Poseidon quasi‐isopycnal general ocean circulation model forced by wind stress from a Special Sensor Microwave Imager product and heat flux from an atmospheric mixed layer model. The simulated annual and semi‐annual oscillations are validated by the Tropical Atmosphere‐Ocean mooring measurements and the altimetry sea levels on the equator, based on which the roles of the equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves in the seasonal cycle dynamics are investigated. The Kelvin and Rossby waves are extracted from the hindcast in such a way as to treat the model zonal nonlinear momentum terms and wind stress as forcing terms so that the validity of the linear theory on wave propagation and reflection can be examined. It is found that the reflections of the first baroclinic mode waves at the Pacific western and eastern boundaries are in good agreement with the linear theory. In comparison, the reflections of the second and higher baroclinic mode waves are significantly different from the linear theory, suggesting that the reflections are potentially nonlinear. The hindcast has simulated the westward propagation of the dominant annual oscillations of the seasonal sea level in the central basin and the eastward propagation of the dominant semi‐annual oscillations of the seasonal sea level in the western and eastern basins successfully. The westward propagation of the annual oscillations is primarily associated with the annual Rossby waves forced by the annual winds in the eastern‐to‐central equatorial Pacific, the upwelling phase of which forces progressive springtime reversal of the surface zonal currents from the east to the west. However, the internal dynamics of the ocean alter the amplitudes and phases of the springtime reversal significantly. The results of this study have shown that the internal dynamics of the ocean are an important source of the semi‐annual oscillations in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The semi‐annual harmonics of the Rossby waves are boosted by the internal dynamics and eventually dominate the seasonal cycle in the far western Pacific. The reflections of the Rossby waves at the western boundary produce semi‐annual dominant Kelvin waves, which force significant semi‐annual oscillations of sea level in the eastern basin.
Interior structure of terrestrial planets: Modeling Mars' mantle and its electromagnetic, geodetic, and seismic properties
Authors: Verhoeven O. , Rivoldini A. , Vacher P. , Mocquet A. , Choblet G. , Menvielle M. , Dehant V. , Van Hoolst T. , Sleewaegen J. , Barriot J.‐P. , Lognonné P.
Published: April 2005

We present a new procedure to describe the one‐dimensional thermodynamical state and mineralogy of any Earth‐like planetary mantle, with Mars as an example. The model parameters are directly related to expected results from a geophysical network mission, in this case electromagnetic, geodetic, and seismological processed observations supplemented with laboratory measurements. We describe the internal structure of the planet in terms of a one‐dimensional model depending on a set of eight parameters: for the crust, the thickness and the mean density, for the mantle, the bulk volume fraction of iron, the olivine volume fraction, the pressure gradient, and the temperature profile, and for the core, its mass and radius. Currently, available geophysical and geochemical knowledge constrains the range of the parameter values. In the present paper, we develop the forward problem and present the governing equations from which synthetic data are computed using a set of parameter values. Among all Martian models fitting the currently available knowledge, we select eight candidate models for which we compute synthetic network science data sets. The synergy between the three geophysical experiments of electromagnetic sounding, geodesy, and seismology is emphasized. The stochastic inversion of the synthetic data sets will be presented in a companion paper.
Radiation belt representation of the energetic electron environment: Model and data synthesis using the Salammbô radiation belt transport code and Los Alamos geosynchronous and GPS energetic particle data
Authors: Bourdarie S. , Friedel R. H. W. , Fennell J. , Kanekal S. , Cayton T. E.
Published: April 2005

The highly energetic electron environment in the inner magnetosphere (geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) inward) has received a lot of research attention in resent years, as the dynamics of relativistic electron acceleration and transport are not yet fully understood. These electrons can cause deep dielectric charging in any space hardware in the medium Earth orbit (MEO) to GEO region. We use a new and novel approach to obtain a global representation of the inner magnetospheric energetic electron environment, which can reproduce the absolute environment (flux) for any spacecraft orbit in that region to within a factor of 2 for the energy range of 100 KeV to 5 MeV electrons for any level of magnetospheric activity. We combine the extensive set of inner magnetospheric energetic electron observations available at Los Alamos with the physics‐based Salammbô transport code using the data assimilation technique of “direct‐insertion.” This, in effect, inputs in situ data into the code and allows the diffusion mechanisms in the code to interpolate the data into regions and times of no data availability. Here we present details of the methods used both in the data assimilation process and in the necessary intercalibration of the input data used. We present sample runs of the model/data code and compare the results to test spacecraft data not used in the data assimilation process.
Local dynamic mechanical properties in model free-standing polymer thin films
Authors: Yoshimoto Kenji , Jain Tushar S. , Nealey Paul F. , de Pablo Juan J.
Published: April 2005

High-frequency sinusoidal oscillations of a coarse-grained polymer model are used to calculate the local dynamic mechanical properties (DMPs) of free-standing polymer thin films. The storage modulus G′ and loss modulus G″ are examined as a function of position normal to the free surfaces. It is found that mechanically soft layers arise near the free surfaces of glassy thin films, and that their thickness becomes comparable to the entire film thickness as the temperature approaches the glass transition Tg. As a result, the overall stiffness of glassy thin films decreases with film thickness. It is also shown that two regions coexist in thin films just at the bulk Tg; a melt-like region (G′G″) in the middle of the film. Our findings on the existence of a heterogeneous distribution of DMPs in free-standing polymer thin films provide insights into recent experimental measurements of the mechanical properties of glassy polymer thin films.
Application of the low-frequency energy principle to wall modes
Authors: Hu Bo , Betti R. , Manickam J.
Published: April 2005

The effects of trapped particles on the stability of the n=1 resistive wall mode are investigated by means of a generalized energy principle. The analysis is carried out for the stationary high-β plasma equilibrium of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [ K. Tomabechi Nucl. Fusion 31, 1135 (1991)] advanced-tokamak scenario. It is found that the trapped particle compressibility and the dissipation induced by the mode resonance with the trapped particle precession motion are stabilizing. By retaining the contribution of trapped thermal ions, electrons, and α particles, the resistive wall mode growth rate is significantly reduced and the mode almost fully suppressed. This effect vanishes for fast flowing plasmas rotating toroidally with a frequency above the ion diamagnetic frequency.
Enhanced photoluminescence from porous silicon by hydrogen-plasma etching
Authors: Wang Q. , Gu C. Z. , Li J. J. , Wang Z. L. , Shi C. Y. , Xu P. , Zhu K. , Liu Y. L.
Published: April 2005

Porous silicon (PS) was etched by hydrogen plasma. On the surface a large number of silicon nanocone arrays and nanocrystallites were formed. It is found that the photoluminescence of the H-etched porous silicon is highly enhanced. Correspondingly, three emission centers including red, green, and blue emissions are shown to contribute to the enhanced photoluminescence of the H-etched PS, which originate from the recombination of trapped electrons with free holes due to SiO bonding at the surface of the silicon nanocrystallites, the quantum size confinement effect, and oxygen vacancy in the surface SiO2 layer, respectively. In particular, the increase of SiOx(x<2) formed on the surface of the H-etched porous silicon plays a very important role in enhancing the photoluminescence properties.
Proposed single-exposure holographic fabrication of microsphere-type photonic crystals through phase-mask techniques
Authors: Lin Y. , Herman P. R. , Abolghasemi E. L.
Published: April 2005

We propose a design of phase mask for a single-exposure fabrication of microsphere-type photonic crystals by means of holographic lithography. The photonic crystal could have body-centered tetragonal, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, or face-centered tetragonal symmetry. Detailed band-gap calculations elucidate effects of macroscopic and microscopic structural parameters on the formation of photonic full band gaps.
Film growth model of atomic layer deposition for multicomponent thin films
Authors: Kim Jin-Hyock , Kim Ja-Yong , Kang Sang-Won
Published: April 2005

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become an essential technique for fabricating nano-scale thin films in the microelectronics industry, and its applications have been extended to multicomponent thin films, as well as to single metal oxide and nitride films. A mathematical film growth model for ALD is proposed to predict the deposition characteristics of multicomponent thin films grown mainly in the transient regime, where the film thickness varies nonlinearly with the number of cycles. The nonlinear behavior of the growth rate and the composition of multicomponent thin films deposited by ALD depend on the precursor used and adsorbing surface. Hence, the equations to describe the change of surface coverage with precursor adsorption and the surface reaction are derived. The area reduction ratio is introduced as a parameter related to the number of adsorbed precursor molecules per unit area. The proposed model was applied to the deposition of Sr–Ti–O thin films to confirm its validity. SrO and TiO2 films were grown separately to investigate their ALD characteristics and to extract model parameters. As a result, it was shown that the thickness and composition of Sr–Ti–O films follow the trend predicted by the proposed model.
Predicting core and edge transport barriers in tokamaks using the GLF23 drift-wave transport model
Authors: Kinsey J. E. , Staebler G. M. , Waltz R. E.
Published: April 2005

The density and temperature profiles are predicted in core and edge transport barriers in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon and L. G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] using the GLF23 drift-wave model. The GLF23 model has been retuned to yield a better fit to the linear gyrokinetic growth rates for reversed magnetic shear and H-mode pedestal parameters. The turbulent saturation levels are determined using nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations. Using a large profile database, it is found that the retuned and original GLF23 models yield comparable results for discharges with monotonic safety factor profiles and no discernable internal transport barriers (ITBs). Examples of using retuned GLF23 model to predict the temperature profiles in simulations of several DIII-D strongly reversed magnetic shear ITB discharges are provided. Particle transport simulations show that the model is successful in predicting the density profile in discharges without ITBs but that some additional background particle diffusivity is needed in order to reproduce the measured density profiles within the barrier region of ITB plasmas where the ion temperature gradient and trapped electron mode transport have been quenched by rotational shear stabilization.
High-field microwave effective linewidth in polycrystalline ferrites: Physical origins and intrinsic limits
Authors: Mo Nan , Song Young-Yeal , Patton Carl E.
Published: April 2005

High-precision high-field effective (HFE) linewidth measurements have been made at 10GHz on ultradense hot isostatic pressed and conventionally sintered (CS) yttrium iron garnet ferrite materials. The accuracy was increased ten-fold relative to previous data through the use of a high-quality cavity, a modified measurement technique, and a fine adjustment of the gyromagnetic ratio based on the field-frequency response of the loaded cavity. The HFE linewidths for fields well above the region of degenerate bulk spin-wave band decreases with increasing field and extrapolates to known intrinsic single-crystal linewidths in the extreme high-field limit. From a field point shifted up from the high-field band edge dependent on degenerate dipole-exchange spin waves by 2∕3 the saturation induction, the data track closely the computed density of states for electromagnetic spin waves. In the case of the CS material, for fields below this point, one sees a microstructure-related increase related to conventional moderate wave number bulk-band spin waves.
Photo-induced chirality switching in a cobaloxime complex crystal
Authors: Ikeda Katsuyoshi , Liu Weitao , Ron Shen Yuen , Uekusa Hidehiro , Ohashi Yuji , Koshihara Shin-ya
Published: April 2005

Switching of molecular chirality under photo-irradiation was studied in a cobaloxime complex crystal. Excitation of the d-d transition of the Co(III) ion appeared to be much more effective in inducing the chirality change than excitation of the ligand-metal charge transfer band although the latter is more effective in breaking the Co–C bond that initiates the chirality switching. The chirality change versus irradiation time showed a steplike behavior suggesting that chirality switching of molecules occurred in correlation with their nearest neighbors.
Sulfur-induced exciton localization in Te-rich ZnSTe alloy
Authors: Yang X. D. , Xu Z. Y. , Sun Z. , Ji Y. , Sun B. Q. , Sou I. K. , Ge W. K.
Published: April 2005

Exciton localization in Te-rich ZnSTe epilayers has been studied by photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL. The sulfur-related exciton emission is found to dominate the radiative recombination at low temperature and is shifted to the low energy with the increase of S concentration. By measuring the PL dependence on temperature and by analyzing the PL decay process, we have clarified the localization nature of the sulfur-related exciton emission. Furthermore, the difference of the localization effect in Te- and S-rich ZnSTe is also compared and discussed.
A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Melolonthinae). Vol. 5. tribes Scitalini and Comophorinini
Authors: Britton EB
Published: April 2005

This fifth part of the revision of Australian Melolonthinae deals with the tribes Scitalini and Comophorinini. A key to the tribes of Melolonthinae represented in Australia is provided in Vol. 2 of this revision (Britton 1978). Seventeen genera and 126 species are described and keyed. Of these nine genera and 70 species are new. The new generic names proposed are: Ophropyx, Xyrodes, Xyrine, Xyroa, Colpochelyne, Hadrops, Protelura, Zdanastes, Phorine. The new specific names proposed are: Xyrine carnei, X. inusitatus; Xyroa polita, X. nitida; Colpochelyne dux; Hadrops halei; Telura imparilis, T. alta, T. monticola, T. petiolata; Protelura nana, P. guttata; Gnaphalopoda lirella, G. austrina, G. solida, G, crassa, G. carnei, G. lesouefi, G. proxima, G. ascia, G. frons; Zdanastes abditus; Colpochilodes peregrina; Scitala coracina, S. uptoni, S. celata, S. minuta, S. volux, S. sororia, S, nana, S. citra, S. iridipennis, S. howdeni, S. eremia, S. fustula, S. satelles, S. simulans; Sericesthis calignea, S. iris, S. magna, S. storeyi, S. fovea, S. rufescens, S. ignota, S. carnei, S. incisa, S, metincisa, S. anepsia, S. propria, S, bisetosa, S. brooksi, S, Vera, S, palumae, S. minima, S. serena, S. major, S. elderi, S. egens, S. lutea, S. suberosa, S. accola, S. stipata, S. cinnamea, S. Iatens, S. incola, S. illawarrae, S. miskoi, S. coolumensis, S. ianetae, S. oroxima. The following generic names are synonymised (synonym first): Xylostygnus Broun = Gnaphalopoda Reiche; Ocnodus Blackburn = Gnaphalopoda Reiche; Ocnodus Burmeister = Haplopsis Blanchard; Anodontonyx Sharp = Sericesthis Boisduval.
The comparative morphology of the male and female postabdomen of the Australian Tachinidae (Diptera), with descriptions of some first-instar larvae and pupae
Authors: Cantrell BK
Published: April 2005

The comparactive morphology of the male and female postabdomen of the Australian Tachinidae was studied in a survey which included 152 species of representative genera from all subfamilies except Dufouriinae. The value of the structure of the postabdomen for the higher classification of the family was ascertained, and new information gained which has allowed a better understanding of the correct taxonomic position of some problem groups of tachinids. It was possible to recognise suites of characters for each sex to define each subfamily, but this was not possible at tribal or generic levels in most groups. The male terininalia are diagnostic at specific level. The survey also allowed the discovery of, or confirmed, the reproductive habit of the included genera and provided information on the first-instar larva of 52 species, many of which larvae are described below for the first time. Characters of puparia which may have taxonomic value are discussed and illustrated.
The shield-backed katylids of Southern Africa: their taxonomy, ecology and relationships to the faunas of Australia and South America (Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae : Tettigoniinae)
Authors: Rentz DCF
Published: April 2005

This paper reviews the shield-backed katydids (Tettigoniinae, formerly the Decticinae, see Rentz (1979, 1985) for discussion) of southern Africa. Types of all taxa, except one, have been examined and extensive generic reassignments and species' synonymies are made. The tettigoniine faunas of southern Africa, Australia, and South America are analysed and discussed. It is concluded that the faunas of South America and Australia are closer to one another than to that of southern Africa, although the three are related. They are attributed to an ancient Gondwanaland fauna which is reflected in the known distribution of the southern African genera. These are shown to be related to the North American genus Neduba and its relative Aglaothorax. Discussion of analogus structures is presented and Aglaothorax is brought out of synonymy with Neduba on the basis of morphological and cytological evidence. Seventeen species are described, in seven genera; three genera are described as new. Arytropteris Herman is restricted to three species: A. basalis (Walker) is used for A. semiaeneus of authors. Thyreonotus semiaeneus Serville is transferred to a new genus, Alfredectes. A. excisa Peringuey is a new synonym of Arytropteris granulithorax Peringuey. A. pondo is described as a new species. Zuludectes is described to include one species, Z. modestus Peringuey, formerly in Arytropteris. Anarytropteris Uvarov includes two described species: A. fallax Uvarov and A. chirinda, sp. nov., both from Zimbabwe; four specimens are listed as potentially representing distinct species. Namaquadectes is described to include a single species, N. irroratus (Peringuey), known only from the female holotype. Ceresia includes a single species, C. pulchripes Peringuey, represented by the male holotype. Thoracistus Pictet is shown to have three distinct species-groups: the arboreus Group contains a single new species, T. arboreus; the viridifer Group contains T. viridifer (Walker) which includes Arytropteris intricata Peringuey, A. plebeia Peringuey as new synonyms; the peringueyi Group includes T. peringueyi Pictet and T. aureoportalis, T. semeniphagus, T. viridicrus, T. thyraeus, T. jambila which are all described as new. A species represented by females is noted but not described.Alfredectes, gen. nov., includes the earliest described species, Thyreonotus semiaeneus Serville, from the Cape of Good Hope; A. browni, sp. nov., is described and a single species represented by a female is listed but not described. Keys and tables are presented for all species and all taxonomically important structures are illustrated. Karyotypes are presented for Thoracistus aureoportalis, T. semeniphagus, T. viridicrus, T. viridifer.
Taxonomy of the Australasian Phlebotominae (Diptera : Psychodidae) with revision of genus Sergentomyia from the region
Authors: Lewis DJ , Dyce AL
Published: April 2005

The composition of Australasian Phlebotominae is examined and a generic key presented for adults of Phlebotomus, Idiophlebotomus and Sergentomyia, the genera represented in the region. Regional occurrences and distributions of genera, subgenera and species are compared with patterns shown by the same or related taxa elsewhere in the world. Structures used in taxonomy of the group are comprehensively reviewed with illustrations. Intraspecific variability, particularly for the highly variable and dominant species S. queenslandi (Hill), habitats, trophic morphology and biogeography are discussed. The limited data on blood-feeding habits of regional species are assembled and lines of possible future work are suggested. Taxonomic revision of the genus Sergentomyia for the region is also presented with keys to adult females and males. Twenty-four species are recognised, including five newly described: S. buruensis, sp. nov. from Buru I., Savanjaya, and S. clara, sp. nov., S. gibsoni, sp. nov., S. pugifera, sp nov., and S. standfasti, sp. nov., all from mainland Australia. Additions are made to descriptions of previously known species. S. moresby (Fairchild) and S. meridionalis (Tonnoir) are placed respectively as junior synonyms of S. englishae (Tonnoir) and S. queenslandi (Hill). Subgeneric placement and the derivation of names are revised for the 24 Sergentomyia spp. recognised from the region. One species [S. hoogstraali (Fairchild)] is placed in subgenus Neophlebotomus, 12 species in subgenus Parrotomyia [S. buruensis, sp. nov., S. clara, sp. nov., S. coronata (Quate & Quate), S. crypta (Quate & Quate), S. curvata Lewis & Dyce, S. dolichobyssus (Fairchild), S. englishae (Tonnoir), S. kebarica (Quate & Quate), S. queenslandi (Hill), S. sansaporensis (Fairchild), S. spinosior (Quate & Quate), S. trezkinn Lewis & Dyce] and 11 species remain unplaced to subgenus [S. brachycornuta (Fairchild), S. cidaria (Quate & Quate), S. curtartus (Quate & Quate), S. fergusoni (Fairchild), S. gibsoni, sp. nov., S. noemforensis (Fairchild), S. pugifera, sp. nov., S. quintu (Fairchild), S. sibylas (Quate & Quate), S. standfasti, sp. nov., S. vanella (Quate & Quate)]. S. hoogstraali and S. vanella are recorded from mainland Australia for the first time. Australasian Phlebotominae are restricted in occurrence to the mainland of Australia, New Guinea and some smaller islands lying between New Guinea and Weber's line. Fourteen of the 24 Sergentomyia spp. known from the Region are recorded only from the New Guinea subregion, six species are restricted to Australia and four species are recorded from both land masses. One of the latter species, S. queenslandi, is known also to occur in Timor. Human attack by phlebotomines in the Australasian Region is rare overall and unknown for the Sergentomyia spp. Transmission of diseases of humans or domesticated animals in the Region by phlebotomines is most unlikely.
The Psychopsidae (Insecta : Neuroptera) of Australia and the Oriental region
Authors: New TR
Published: April 2005

An illustrated synopsis is given of the described Psychopsidae of Australia (12 spp.) and the Oriental Region (2 spp.), together with the description of one new Australian species of Psychopsis. Generic limitations in the family are reassessed and several genera raised on venational features (Balmes Navas, Magallanes Navas, Wernzia Navas) are shown to closely resemble typical Psychopsis Newman on genitalic characters; they are synonymised with Psychopsis, and keys are given to world genera of the family and the species of Psychopsis (14 spp.). Megapsychops Tillyard (1 sp.) is retained as a distinct genus.
Final-stage phylosoma larvae of Scyllarus species (Crustacea : Decapoda : Scyllaridae) from shelf waters of the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Barnett BM
Published: April 2005

Samples of macrozooplankton collected from the shelf area of the Great Barrier Reef (between 18°35′S. and 19°10′S., and 146°30′E. and 147°00′E.) contained phyllosoma larvae of 12 different species of scyllarid lobster. All species were represented at the final stage, three as complete larval series and the remainder as incomplete series. Five species have been identified: Thenus orientalis, Scyllarus martensii, S. demani, S. rugosus and S. sordidus. In this paper the final-stage larvae of S. demani, S. rugosus, S. sordidus and six unidentified Scyllarus species, referred as Scyllarus species A–F, are described and compared with previous references in the literature, and a key developed for their separation.
A review of the water mite genus Australorivacarus K.O. Viets (Chelicerata : Actinedida : Hygrobatidae)
Authors: Harvey MS
Published: April 2005

The genus Australorivacarus K. O. Viets is reviewed and three species are recognized: A. multiscutatus K. O. Viets, A. nudipes, sp. nov. and A. secipes, sp. nov. All are known from eastern Victoria; A. multiscutatus has also been collected in Tasmania.
The Australasian genera of pericomoid Psychodidae (Diptera) and the status of related Enderlein genera in the neotropics
Authors: Duckhouse DA
Published: April 2005

Australasian pericomoids, psychodids resembling northern hemisphere species of Pericoma Walker (tribe Pericomini), are mostly members of the tribe Maruinini, here re-defined. Amongst Maruinini, they are like several neotropical genera named by Enderlein (1937), but their actual relationship to Enderlein's genera, and hence their identity, has been a long-standing taxonomic problem. Consideration of extensive new collections and observations made in the southern hemisphere now shows that they consist of the following: Genus Notiocharis Eaton. Tribe Maruinini: genus Didicrum Enderlein, and five new genera, Eremolobulosa, Rotundopteryx, Alloeodidicrurn, Satchellomyia and Ancyroaspis. Of these, the Australian Eremolobulosa is the possible sister group of the European Lobulosa Szabo, and the New Zealand genera Satchellomyia and Ancyroaspis are possible sister groups. Of Enderlein's neotropical genera, five classified by Quate (1963) as synonyms, or in one case a subgenus, of Pericoma (Didicrum, Desmioza, Synmormia, Syntomolaba and Podolepria) are recognised as full genera. A key to Australasian pericomoid genera is provided.
Tylos australis: a new species of Tylidae (Isopoda : Oniscidea) a family previously not recorded in Australia
Authors: Lewis F , Bishop L
Published: April 2005

The Tylidae Milne-Edwards, 1840 is the sole family in the infra-order Tylomorpha Vandel, 1943 (Holdich et al. 1983) and is divided into two genera, Tylos Latreille, 1826, and Helleria Ebner, 1868 (Vandel 1960). Specimens collected from Bawley Point, N.S.W. belong to the genus Tylos. They are described as a new species, Tylos australis. The significance of the shapes of frontal processes in Tylos is discussed in terms of zoogeography.
New species of Onthophagus Latreille (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) from Australia
Authors: Storey RI , Weir TA
Published: April 2005

Twenty new Australian species of the scarabaeine genus Onthophagus Latreille are described: O. arkoola, O. beelarong, O. bindaree, O . binyana, O. bundara, O. cooloola, O, dinjerra, O. godarra, O. gurburra, O . kakadu, O . mije, O . mongana, O. pinaroo, O. trawalla, O. weringerong, O . williamsi, O . worooa, O. yackatoon, O. yaran, O . yourula. Notes and scanning electron micrographs are given to assist in the separation of each from previously described Australian species. Distribution maps are provided for each species.
Myrmeleontidae (Insecta : Neuroptera) from New Guinea
Authors: New TR
Published: April 2005

The Myrmeleontidae known from New Guinea are revised, and keys and illustrations provided to facilitate identification of the 17 species. They are referred to 11 genera, and 12 species are not known from elsewhere. Seven species (Mossega – 2, Dendroleon – 1, Bandidus – 3, Stenogymnocnemia – 1) are described as new. Most species are closely related to Australian Myrmeleontidae.
A revision of the Australian spider genus Trittame Koch (Mygalomorphae : Barychelidae) and a new related genus
Authors: Raven RJ
Published: April 2005

The genus Trittame is revised and six new species are described: T. loki, T. kochi, from northern Queensland, T. thorelli, T. forsten, and T. xerophila, from mid-eastern Queensland, and T. ingrami from south-eastern Queensland. New material to the type species, T. gracilis Koch is described. The genus is endemic to Queensland and most common in rainforests. A second and new closely related genus, Zophorame and two new species, Z. simoni and Z. gallonae, both from north Queensland are described. A cladogram of Trittame and Zophorame species is presented with a brief discussion of relationships and biogeography.
The Holognathidae (Crustaea : Isopoda : Valvifera) expanded and redefined on the basis of body-plan
Authors: Poore GCB , Lew Ton HM
Published: April 2005

The Holognathidae are redefined on the basis of: semi-cylindrical body-plan, without laterally splayed coxal plates; parallel-sided and usually apically rounded pleotelson; and pereopod 4 much shorter than others, with spinose ischium-propodus. These features enable some species at least to have a tubicolous way of life. Four pleonites are defined laterally (and variously articulated or defined dorsally), the penes are separate, pleopods 1 and 2 have long apical setae, and maxillipedal palp articles 2 and 3 may be separated by a suture but never articulate. The family now includes 21 species in four genera: Cleantioides Kensley & Kaufman (junior synonym Miratidotea Kensley), Cleantis Dana (junior synonym Zenobiana Stebbing), Holognathus Thomson, and Zenobianopsis Hale. A key to genera is presented and the species are listed, several in new combinations. One of the two species of Holognathus, H. stewarti (Filhol) is the only valviferan with a mandibular palp, an attribute treated as an autapomorphy of the species. Three new speices, Cleantioides albaniensis from southern Australia, C. striata from New South Wales, and Holognathus karamea from New Zealand, are described. Other Australian species are redescribed where necessary.
Myrmelibia, a new genus of Myrmecophile form Australia, with a generic review of Australian Osoriinae (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae)
Authors: Newton AF
Published: April 2005

The status of two supposedly myrmecophilous Australian 'Glyptoma' species described by A. M. Lea is reviewed, and lectotypes designated for both species. A new genus, Myrmelibia, is proposed for Glyptoma kingi Lea of south-eastern Australia. This genus is not related to Glyptoma or Thoracophorus, but belongs near the genera Eulibia, Heterotrochinus and Holotrochidius of the Oriental-Indian Ocean region. New records confirm that M. kingi is one of the few truly myrmecophilous osoriines, probably host-specific with Zridomyrmex nitidus Mayr (Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Dolichoderinae). Glyptoma myrmecophilum Lea is transferred to the genus Thoracophorus as a senior synonym of T. quadricostatus Bernhauer (new synonymy); present evidence suggests it is free-living and subcortical, not myrmecophilous. A key to all 16 genera of Osoriinae (sensu Blackwelder) known to occur in Australia is presented, along with the names, distribution and microhabitat of Australian species included in each genus. Four genera (Allotrochus, Arpagonus, Espeson, and Saegerius) are reported from Australia for the first time, each based on undescribed species from northern Queensland.