bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-world comparative effectiveness of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine versus FOLFIRINOX in advanced pancreatic cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Chiorean Elena Gabriela , Cheung Winson Y. , Giordano Guido , Kim George , Al-Batran Salah-Eddin
Published: May 2019

Background:

No clinical trial has directly compared nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine (nab-P/G) with FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin/irinotecan) in metastatic or advanced pancreatic cancer (mPC or aPC). We conducted a systematic review of real-world studies comparing these regimens in the first-line setting.

Methods:

Embase and MEDLINE databases through 22 January 2019, and Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium 2019 abstracts were searched for real-world, retrospective studies comparing first-line nab-P/G versus FOLFIRINOX in mPC or aPC that met specific parameters. Studies with radiotherapy were excluded. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results:

Of 818 records initially identified, 35 were duplicates and 749 did not meet the eligibility criteria, mostly because they were either not comparative ( n = 356) or not first line ( n = 245). The remaining 34 studies (21 mPC; 13 aPC) assessed >6915 patients who received nab-P/G or FOLFIRINOX. In the studies identified, the median overall survival (OS) reached 14.4 and 15.9 months with nab-P/G and FOLFIRINOX, respectively, and median progression-free survival reached 8.5 and 11.7 months, respectively. Safety data were reported in 14 studies (2205 patients), including 8 single-institutional studies. In most single-institutional studies that reported safety data, rates were higher with FOLFIRINOX versus nab-P/G for grade 3/4 neutropenia (five of six studies) and febrile neutropenia (all three studies), while rates of grade 3/4 peripheral neuropathy were higher with nab-P/G in four of seven studies.

Conclusions:

Although FOLFIRINOX was associated with slightly longer median OS in more studies, the differences, when available, were not statistically significant. Therefore, a randomized, controlled trial is warranted. Toxicity profile differences represent key considerations for treatment decisions.
Longitudinal Changes in Empathy Across the Life Span in Six Samples of Human Development
Authors: Oh Jeewon , Chopik William J. , Konrath Sara , Grimm Kevin J.
Published: May 2019

The development of empathy is a hotly debated topic. Some studies find declines and others an inverse U-shaped pattern in empathy across the life span. Yet other studies find no age-related changes. Most of this research is cross sectional, and the few longitudinal studies have their limitations. The current study addresses these limitations by examining changes in empathy in six longitudinal samples (total N = 740, age 13–72). In a preliminary study ( N = 784), we created and validated a measure of empathy out of the California Adult Q-Sort. The samples were combined for multilevel analyses in a variant of an accelerated longitudinal design. We found that empathy increased across the life span, particularly after age 40, and more recent cohorts were higher in empathy.
Bioprinting of three-dimensional dentin–pulp complex with local differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Han Jonghyeuk , Kim Da Sol , Jang Ho , Kim Hyung-Ryong , Kang Hyun-Wook
Published: May 2019

Numerous approaches have been introduced to regenerate artificial dental tissues. However, conventional approaches are limited when producing a construct with three-dimensional patient-specific shapes and compositions of heterogeneous dental tissue. In this research, bioprinting technology was applied to produce a three-dimensional dentin–pulp complex with patient-specific shapes by inducing localized differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells within a single structure. A fibrin-based bio-ink was designed for bioprinting with the human dental pulp stem cells. The effects of fibrinogen concentration within the bio-ink were investigated in terms of printability, human dental pulp stem cell compatibility, and differentiation. The results show that micro-patterns with human dental pulp stem cells could be achieved with more than 88% viability. Its odontogenic differentiation was also regulated according to the fibrinogen concentration. Based on these results, a dentin–pulp complex having patient-specific shape was produced by co-printing the human dental pulp stem cell–laden bio-inks with polycaprolactone, which is a bio-thermoplastic used for producing the overall shape. After culturing with differentiation medium for 15 days, localized differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in the outer region of the three-dimensional cellular construct was successfully achieved with localized mineralization. This result demonstrates the possibility to produce patient-specific composite tissues for tooth tissue engineering using three-dimensional bioprinting technology.
The association of resistance training with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Saeidifard Farzane , Medina-Inojosa Jose R , West Colin P , Olson Thomas P , Somers Virend K , Bonikowske Amanda R , Prokop Larry J , Vinciguerra Manlio , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco
Published: May 2019

Background

The benefits of aerobic exercise are well-studied; there is no consensus on the association between resistance training and major adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to address this issue.

Design and methods

We searched for randomized trials and cohort studies that evaluated the association between resistance training and mortality and cardiovascular events. Two investigators screened the identified abstracts and full-texts independently and in duplicate. Cochrane tools were used to assess the risk of bias. We calculated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using random effect models.

Results

From the 1430 studies identified, 11 (one randomized trial and 10 cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria, totaling 370,256 participants with mean follow-up of 8.85 years. The meta-analysis showed that, compared with no exercise, resistance training was associated with 21% (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)), 0.79 (0.69–0.91)) and 40% (hazard ratio (95% CI), 0.60 (0.49–0.72)) lower all-cause mortality alone and when combined with aerobic exercise, respectively. Furthermore, resistance training had a borderline association with lower cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio (95% CI), 0.83 (0.67–1.03)). In addition, resistance training showed no significant association with cancer mortality. Risk of bias was low to intermediate in the included studies. One cohort study looked at the effect of resistance training on coronary heart disease events in men and found a 23% risk reduction (risk ratio, 0.77, CI: 0.61–0.98).

Conclusion

Resistance training is associated with lower mortality and appears to have an additive effect when combined with aerobic exercise. There are insufficient data to determine the potential beneficial effect of resistance training on non-fatal events or the effect of substituting aerobic exercise with resistance training.
Threshold body mass index and sex-specific waist circumference for increased risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Campbell Duncan J , Gong Fei Fei , Jelinek Michael V , Castro Julian M , Coller Jennifer M , McGrady Michele , Boffa Umberto , Shiel Louise , Liew Danny , Stewart Simon , Owen Alice J , Krum Henry , Reid Christopher M , Prior David L
Published: May 2019

Background

Body mass index †Deceased. (BMI) is a risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Design

We investigated the threshold BMI and sex-specific waist circumference associated with increased HFpEF incidence in the SCReening Evaluation of the Evolution of New Heart Failure (SCREEN-HF) study, a cohort study of a community-based population at increased cardiovascular disease risk.

Methods

Inclusion criteria were age ≥60 years with one or more of self-reported hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, abnormal heart rhythm, cerebrovascular disease or renal impairment. Exclusion criteria were known heart failure, ejection fraction <50% or more than mild valve abnormality. Among 3847 SCREEN-HF participants, 73 were diagnosed with HFpEF at a median of 4.5 (interquartile range: 2.9–5.5) years after enrolment.

Results

HFpEF incidence rates were higher for BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2 than for BMI < 25 kg/m2, and for waist circumference >100 cm (men) or > 90 cm (women) than for waist circumference ≤94 cm (men) or ≤ 83 cm (women) in Poisson regression analysis. Semiparametric proportional hazards analyses confirmed these BMI and waist circumference thresholds, and exceeding these thresholds was associated with an attributable risk of HFpEF of 44–49%.

Conclusions

Both central obesity and overweight were associated with increased HFpEF incidence. Although a randomised trial of weight control would be necessary to establish a causal relationship between obesity/overweight and HFpEF incidence, these data suggest that maintenance of BMI and waist circumference below these thresholds in a community similar to that of the SCREEN-HF cohort may reduce the HFpEF incidence rate by as much as 50%.
The prognostic effect of known and newly detected type 2 diabetes in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Bjarnason Thorarinn A , Hafthorsson Steinar O , Kristinsdottir Linda B , Oskarsdottir Erna S , Johnsen Arni , Andersen Karl
Published: May 2019

Background:

Dysglycemia is a well-established risk factor of coronary artery disease. Less is known of the prognostic effect of dysglycemia in acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with ACSs according to glucometabolic categories.

Methods:

Patients with ACSs were consecutively included in the study. Among those with no previous history of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) glucose metabolism was evaluated with fasting glucose in plasma, glycated hemoglobin and a standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Patients were classified having normal glucose metabolism, prediabetes, newly detected T2DM (nT2DM) and previously known T2DM (kT2DM). The clinical outcome parameters were death or myocardial infarction and other major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).

Results:

A total of 372 ACS patients (male 75.8%, 65.1 years (SD: 11.8)) constituted the study population. The proportion diagnosed with normal glucose metabolism, prediabetes, nT2DM and kT2DM was 20.7%, 46.5%, 6.2% and 26.6%, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 2.9 years. Patients with prediabetes, nT2DM and kT2DM had a hazard ratio of 5.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8–44.6), 10.9 (95% CI 1.2–98.3) and 14.9 (95% CI 2.0–113.7), respectively, for death/myocardial infarction and 1.4 (95% CI 0.6–3.1), 2.9 (95% CI 1.1–8.0) and 3.3 (95% CI 1.5–7.6), respectively, for a composite of MACEs.

Conclusion:

Patients with ACS and nT2DM or kT2DM were at increased risk of death/myocardial infarction and MACE compared with patients with normal glucose metabolism after approximately three years of follow-up.
Endovascular aortic repair reduces gluteal oxygenation
Authors: Taudorf Mikkel , Nielsen Michael B , Schroeder Torben V , Lönn Lars , Nielsen Henning B
Published: May 2019

Background

Provoked gluteal claudication is a known risk after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). Lowered gluteal muscle oxygenation (SgmO2) may be demonstrated by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Purpose

To evaluate NIRS-determined SgmO2 in EVAR patients.

Material and Methods

NIRS-determined SgmO2 was used in an observational study design (n = 17). From the ambulatory setting, seven EVAR patients were included with reported gluteal claudication from medical records. In 10 patients scheduled for EVAR, SgmO2 was measured before and after the procedure. NIRS sensors were applied bilaterally on the gluteal region. Treadmill walking (12% incline, 2.4 km/h) was introduced to stress gluteal muscles.

Results

A reduced SgmO2 with regional side difference ( P < 0.05) was noted in all 10 patients following EVAR and four reported gluteal claudication. In patients with gluteal claudication (n = 7), treadmill decreased SgmO2. The time to recover the SgmO2 was prolonged for tissue exposed to occluded hypogastric artery (median = 512 s, range = 73–1207 s vs. median = 137, range = 0–643 s; P = 0.046).

Conclusions

EVAR affects gluteal muscle oxygenation. NIRS could be used to assess whether gluteal claudication is related to lowered SgmO2.
Transposition With Unobstructed Right Aortic Arch and Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Chew Bryan J. W. , Lim Zhia N. , Yong Sanfui , Anderson Robert H. , Omeje Ikenna , Corno Antonio F.
Published: May 2019

In patients with transposition, a right aortic arch has rarely been reported among the associated malformations. When present, the arch has been obstructed because of the presence of aortic coarctation and/or arch hypoplasia. A bicuspid aortic valve is also very rare in the presence of transposition. We report here the unusual association of transposition, an unobstructed right aortic arch, and a bicuspid aortic valve in a neonate who underwent a successful arterial switch operation.
Media Exposure and HIV Testing Among Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)
Authors: Somefun Oluwaseyi Dolapo , Wandera Stephen Ojiambo , Odimegwu Clifford
Published: May 2019

Research is vague regarding the influence of media exposure on HIV testing among youth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using three rounds of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from three selected countries in SSA (Kenya, Nigeria, and Zambia), this article investigates the relationship between mass media exposure and HIV testing among youth in SSA. Logistic regression was used to examine these associations. SSA has witnessed some growth in the percentage of youth who are tested and an increasing trend was evident. There was a significant relationship between exposure to mass media and HIV testing during the mid-2000 among youth in Kenya and Nigeria, but not in Zambia. The findings highlight an increase in the number of youth testing for HIV who were exposed to mass media messages. We suggest that continuous and proactive media movements may lead to diffusion of ideas among youth that may ultimately promote HIV testing.
Influence Application of Learning Model on Vocational Education Based on Quality Issurance
Authors: Suartini Tuti
Published: May 2019

The development of vocational high school teaching and learning in Indonesia becomes very important when the country is faced with the demands for quality workers that will be necessary to face the free trade era of the 2015 ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). To anticipate this, solutions in terms of instructional strategies should be prepared, especially in relation to technology development. Field inquiry through System Influence Diagrams (SIDs) on the success of instructional implementation in laboratory shows that laboratory instruction development is necessary. With the current 10 stages of instruction for the students enrolled in technology and engineering program, especially for the field of expertise of Audio-Video Techniques, the learning outcomes are not satisfactory. This is based on an experiment of optimizing the theoretical and practical instruction in the laboratory of SMK (Vocational High School). After the implementation of SIDs, the school is finally able to meet the school competency and professional competency standards, although problems are still found in the provision of materials and equipment. The success is due to the ability of teachers in developing laboratory instruction that is suited to the ability of the laboratory in the school.
A Competing Voices Test for Hearing-Impaired Listeners Applied to Spatial Separation and Ideal Time-Frequency Masks
Authors: Bramsløw Lars , Vatti Marianna , Rossing Rikke , Naithani Gaurav , Henrik Pontoppidan Niels
Published: May 2019

People with hearing impairment find competing voices scenarios to be challenging, both with respect to switching attention from one talker to the other, as well as maintaining attention. With the Danish competing voices test (CVT) presented here, the dual-attention skills can be assessed. The CVT provides sentences spoken by three male and three female talkers, played in sentence pairs. The task of the listener is to repeat the target sentence from the sentence pair based on cueing either before or after playback. One potential way of assisting segregation of two talkers is to take advantage of spatial unmasking by presenting one talker per ear after application of time-frequency masks for separating the mixture. Using the CVT, this study evaluated four spatial conditions in 14 moderate-to-severely hearing-impaired listeners to establish benchmark results for this type of algorithm applied to hearing-impaired listeners. The four spatial conditions were as follows: summed (diotic), separate, the ideal ratio mask, and the ideal binary mask. The results show that the test is sensitive to the change in spatial condition. The temporal position of the cue has a large impact, as cueing the target talker before playback focuses the attention toward the target, whereas cueing after playback requires equal attention to the two talkers, which is more difficult. Furthermore, both applied ideal masks show test scores very close to the ideal separate spatial condition, suggesting that this technique is useful for future separation algorithms using estimated rather than ideal masks.
Radiological findings in gastrointestinal scleroderma
Authors: Chatzinikolaou Stamatia-Lydia , Quirk Bernadine , Murray Charles , Planche Katie
Published: May 2019

Gastrointestinal involvement is the most common visceral organ manifestation in systemic sclerosis. Symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract are very frequent among scleroderma patients and in many cases present a therapeutic challenge. However, gastrointestinal involvement may also be asymptomatic, presenting with complications later in the disease course. Early recognition of gastrointestinal scleroderma is therefore important both for symptomatic control and prevention of complications. Gastrointestinal imaging alongside clinical assessment forms the mainstay of diagnosis. Radiological investigations, traditionally plain radiographs and barium studies, with the more recent advances in computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound, provide means for accurate evaluation of visceral organ involvement and more effective patient care. Awareness of the characteristic images is important not only for radiologists but also for the treating physicians and gastroenterologists.
A telephone-based survey of current trends, habits and beliefs in patients receiving portable oxygen therapy in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Mayoralas Alises Sagrario , Caneiras Catia , Díaz-Lobato Salvador
Published: May 2019

Portable oxygen therapy is a major challenge for patients and clinicians. Additionally, the available evidence on this subject is poor considering that only a few studies have been published and the results have not been encouraging. We explored the current trends, habits and beliefs among patients receiving portable oxygen therapy in a geographical area of Madrid, Spain (4 051 862 inhabitants).

A telephone-based survey was conducted among patients selected from a database who were undergoing portable oxygen therapy.

The number of patients on home respiratory therapies on December 31, 2017 was 81 559 (prevalence 2013.30 per 100 000 inhabitants). A total of 19 492 patients were on home oxygen therapy (HOT) (prevalence 481.16 per 100 000 inhabitants). Of these, 4015 patients (20% of the total of patients on HOT) received ambulatory oxygen therapy. In the analysed period, 1942 patients were selected (57.31% male and 42.69% female). The mean±sdage was 73.89±11.67 years. Most of patients had portable oxygen concentrators (99.59%). The survey was completed by 1777 patients. Most of patients thought they had been prescribed HOT for respiratory failure. 55% of the participants surveyed reported having carried out a walking test with oxygen to know the amount of oxygen they needed. 71% of the participants reported leaving the home for between 1 and 3 h a day. Most of them were carrying portable devices in a wheeled cart (51.94%).

Our study data obtained from a large sample of oxygen-dependent individuals provide valuable information regarding domiciliary and portable oxygen usage in Madrid.
In a Free-Living Setting, Obesity Is Associated With Greater Food Intake in Response to a Similar Premeal Glucose Nadir
Authors: Kim Janice , Lam Wai , Wang Qinxin , Parikh Lisa , Elshafie Ahmed , Sanchez-Rangel Elizabeth , Schmidt Christian , Li Fangyong , Hwang Janice , Belfort-DeAguiar Renata
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Changes in blood glucose levels have been shown to influence eating in healthy individuals; however, less is known about effects of glucose on food intake in individuals who are obese (OB). The goal of this study was to determine the predictive effect of circulating glucose levels on eating in free-living OB and normal weight (NW) individuals.

Methods

Interstitial glucose levels, measured with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) system, were obtained from 15 OB and 16 NW volunteers (age: 40 ± 14 and 37 ± 12 years; weight: 91 ± 13 and 68 ± 12 kg; hemoglobin A1c: 5.1% ± 0.7% and 5.2% ± 0.4%, respectively). While wearing the CGM, participants filled out a food log (mealtime, hunger rating, and amount of food). Glucose profiles were measured in relation to their meals [macro program (CGM peak and nadir analysis) using Microsoft® Excel].

Results

OB and NW individuals showed comparable CGM glucose levels: mean [OB = 100 ± 8 mg/dL; NW = 99 ± 13 mg/dL; P = nonsignificant (NS)] and SD (OB = 18 ± 5 mg/dL, NW = 18 ± 4 mg/dL; P = NS). Obesity was associated with slower postprandial rate of changing glucose levels (P = 0.04). Preprandial nadir glucose levels predicted hunger and food intake in both groups (P < 0.0001), although hunger was associated with greater food intake in OB individuals than in NW individuals (P = 0.008 for group interaction).

Conclusions

Premeal glucose nadir predicted hunger and food intake in a group of free-living, healthy, nondiabetic NW and OB individuals; however for a similar low glucose level stimulus, hunger-induced food intake was greater in OB than NW individuals.
Very Severe Hypertriglyceridemia in a Large US County Health Care System: Associated Conditions and Management
Authors: Esparza Maria Isabel , Li Xilong , Adams-Huet Beverley , Vasandani Chandna , Vora Amy , Das Sandeep R , Garg Abhimanyu , Ahmad Zahid
Published: May 2019

Context

Patients with very severe hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride levels ≥2000 mg/dL; 22.6 mmol/L) require aggressive treatment. However, little research exists on the underlying etiologies and management of very severe hypertriglyceridemia.

Objective

We hypothesized (i) very severe hypertriglyceridemia in adults is mostly associated with secondary causes and (ii) most patients with very severe hypertriglyceridemia lack appropriate follow-up and treatment.

Design

We queried electronic medical records at Parkland Health and Hospital Systems for lipid measurements in the year 2016 and identified patients with serum triglyceride levels ≥2000 mg/dL (22.6 mmol/L). We extracted data on demographics, underlying causes, lipid-lowering therapy, and follow-up.

Results

One hundred sixty-four serum triglyceride measurements were ≥2000 mg/dL (22.6 mmol/L) in 103 unique patients. Of these, 60 patients were admitted to the hospital (39 for acute pancreatitis). Most were Hispanic (79%). The major conditions associated with very severe hypertriglyceridemia included uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (74%), heavy alcohol use (10%), medication use (7%), and hypothyroidism (2%). Two patients were known to have monogenic causes of hypertriglyceridemia. After the index measurement of triglycerides ≥2000 mg/dL (22.6 mmol/L), the use of triglyceride-lowering drugs increased, most prominently the use of fish oil supplements, which increased by 80%. However, in follow-up visits, hypertriglyceridemia was addressed in only 50% of encounters, and serum triglycerides were remeasured in only 18%.

Conclusion

In summary, very severe hypertriglyceridemia was quite prevalent (∼0.1% of all lipid measurements) in our large county health care system, especially in Hispanic men. Most cases were related to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and follow-up monitoring was inadequate.
SuperCLEM: an accessible correlative light and electron microscopy approach for investigation of neurons and glia in vitro
Authors: Booth Daniel G. , Beckett Alison J. , Prior Ian A. , Meijer Dies
Published: May 2019

The rapid evolution of super-resolution light microscopy has narrowed the gap between light and electron microscopy, allowing the imaging of molecules and cellular structures at high resolution within their normal cellular and tissue context. Multimodal imaging approaches such as correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM) combine these techniques to create a tool with unique imaging capacity. However, these approaches are typically reserved for specialists, and their application to the analysis of neural tissue is challenging. Here we present SuperCLEM, a relatively simple approach that combines super-resolution fluorescence light microscopy (FLM), 3D electron microscopy (3D-EM) and rendering into 3D models. We demonstrate our workflow using neuron-glia cultures from which we first acquire high-resolution fluorescent light images of myelinated axons. After resin embedding and re-identification of the region of interest, serially aligned EM sections are acquired and imaged using a serial block face scanning electron microscope (SBF-SEM). The FLM and 3D-EM data sets are then combined to render 3D models of the myelinated axons. Thus, the SuperCLEM imaging pipeline is a useful new tool for researchers pursuing similar questions in neuronal, as well as other complex tissue culture systems.
Validity of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured with Fitbit Compared to V˙O2max
Authors: KLEPIN KATHARINE , WING DAVID , HIGGINS MICHAEL , NICHOLS JEANNE , GODINO JOB G.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), broadly defined as the body’s ability to utilize oxygen, is a well-established prognostic marker of health, but it is not routinely measured. This may be due to the difficulty of acquiring high-quality CRF measures. The purpose of this study was to independently determine the validity of the Fitbit Charge 2’s measure of CRF (Fitbit CRF).

Methods

Sixty-five healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 45 yr (55% female, 45% male) were recruited to undergo gold standard V˙O2maxtesting and wear a Fitbit Charge 2 continuously for 1 wk during which they were instructed to complete a qualifying outdoor run to derive the Fitbit CRF (units: mL·kg−1·min−1). This measure was compared with V˙O2maxmeasures (units: mL·kg−1·min−1) epoched at 15 and 60 s.

Results

Bland–Altman analyses revealed that Fitbit CRF had a positive bias of 1.59 mL·kg−1·min−1compared with laboratory data epoched at 15 s and 0.30 mL·kg−1·min−1compared with data epoched at 60 s (n= 60).Fstatistics (2.09; 0.08) andPvalues (0.133; 0.926) from Bradley–Blackwood tests for the concordance of Fitbit CRF with 15- and 60-s laboratory data, respectively, support the null hypothesis of equal means and variances, indicating there is concordance between the two measures. Mean absolute percentage error was less than 10% for each comparison.

Conclusions

The Fitbit Charge 2 provides an acceptable level of validity when measuring CRF in young, healthy, and fit adults who are able to run. Further research is required to determine if it is a potentially useful tool in clinical practice and epidemiological research to quantify, categorize, and longitudinally track risk for adverse outcomes.
La famille et l’OST: effets divergents de la rationalisation dans l’industrie 53 minière de l’Europe du Sud pendant l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Sanna Fransesca
Published: May 2019

L’entre-deux-guerres est un moment de crise pour l’industrie minière,marquée par les conséquences du Jeudi Noir et par la chute des prix des métaux sur le marché de Londres. Cette période constitue une “transition” liée la diffusion de l’OST (organisation scientifique du travail). La rationalisation, en tant qu’effort d’optimisation de la productivité, a été perçue comme une réponse à la crise. Cependant, dans un cadre plus global, elle a eu des retombées sur la vie sociale des travailleurs, soumis à une nouvelle discipline visant l’amélioration des performances. Ainsi, la rationalisation devient le noyau des pratiques paternalistes qui ciblent les structures élémentaires de la sociétéminière et, en particulier, les familles. En réaction, ces dernières mettent en place une sorte de résistance à travers le développement de stratégies économiques de survie. Grâce aux réseaux fournis par la communauté minière, les familles tentent de se soustraire au contrôle des entreprises qui s’exerce au sein du système fermé de la company town. Ces stratégies peuvent donc dévoiler le comportement économique des familles minières en temps de crise. À l’aide de quelques cas d’étude concernant l’Europe Méditerranéenne et le Nord de la France, cette contribution vise à mettre en lumière les caractéristiques de ces stratégies en relation à l’une des plus importantes crises minières du XXe siècle.
Reassessing the Greek National Schism of World War I: The Ideological Parameters
Authors: Gounaris Basil C. , Christopoulos Marianna D.
Published: May 2019

The National Schism that erupted in Greece during World War I has already been thoroughly analysed in the bibliography as a crisis of national unification, defined by geographical, political and socio economic criteria. The aim of this article is to move a step forward, to support that the National Schism might also be considered as an act in the broader and much older Greek ideological drama, that of the tantalising and incomplete “return” to the East via the European West. It is argued that the Schism, far from being a bipolar confrontation between supporters and opponents of Europe, did select from the East–West debate whatever arguments were necessary to invest military and political choices with a “deeper” meaning. Our approach focuses mostly on the rhetoric produced by the two opposing camps, the Venizelists and the anti-Venizelist block, from 1914 to 1922. It is, however, complemented by a retrospective presentation of the nineteenth-century debateover the Enlightenment and liberalism, on the one hand, and German idealism, on the other.
Review of: Pascal Firges, French Revolutionaries in the Ottoman Empire: Diplomacy, Political Culture, and the Limiting of Universal Revolution, 1792–1798
Authors: Koutzakiotis Georges
Published: May 2019

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Review of: Axel Körner, America in Italy: The United States in the Political Thought and Imagination of the Risorgimento, 1763–1865
Authors: Pagratis Gerasimos D.
Published: May 2019

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Foreword to the Annual C. Th. Dimaras Lecture (2017)
Authors: Chatziioannou Maria Christina
Published: May 2019

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Influence of providing information to participants about development of trial outcomes on response rates and attitudes to questionnaire completion: Protocol for a study within a trial
Authors: Griffin Charlotte , Toomey Elaine , Queally Michelle , Hayes Catherine , Kearney Patricia M. , Matvienko-Sikar Karen
Published: May 2019

Background: Issues with questionnaire completion introduce bias and limit examinations in trials. Improving communication with participants about trial processes, such as outcome and questionnaire development, may improve questionnaire completion and response rates. Providing information about the involvement of stakeholders in the development of core outcome sets (COS) measured in trials may improve responding by tapping into subjective norms and behaviour change mechanisms. The aim of this Study Within a Trial (SWAT) is to examine if questionnaire response rates and participants’ attitudes towards questionnaire completion are impacted by providing information about COS use in a trial of a complex intervention.

Methods: This is a randomised, single-blinded, parallel group intervention SWAT, embedded within a feasibility trial of an infant feeding intervention to prevent childhood obesity. The SWAT intervention consists of a brief written description and explanation about the development and use of a COS of infant feeding outcomes to prevent childhood obesity, used in the trial. Participants are parents or caregivers of infants aged two months at questionnaire completion. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive the SWAT intervention prior to questionnaire completion (SWAT Intervention), or not (SWAT Comparator). The primary outcome of interest is response rates, which will be measured as proportion of questionnaire completion and individual item response rates. Participants’ attitudes will also be assessed using closed-ended and an open-ended question to evaluate participants’ attitudes about questionnaire completion. 

Discussion: We hypothesise that providing information about development and use of a COS will increase questionnaire response rates and attitudes toward questionnaire completion relative to the control condition. Findings will indicate the potential usefulness of this strategy for improving participant attitudes and response rates in trials. 

Trial Registration: This SWAT is registered on the Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology: Research SWAT Repository ( SWAT57).
Impaired renal function in a rural Ugandan population cohort
Authors: Kalyesubula Robert , Hau Jeffrey P. , Asiki Gershim , Ssebunya Billy , Kusemererwa Sylvia , Seeley Janet , Smeeth Liam , Tomlinson Laurie A. , Newton Robert
Published: May 2019

Background: Kidney disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of impaired kidney function in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to determine the prevalence of reduced kidney function and associated factors in a rural Ugandan population.

Methods: We undertook a study of a representative sample of the General Population Cohort in South-western Uganda. We systematically collected data on cardiovascular disease risk factors, anthropometric measurements and blood tests including haemoglobin, HIV, HbA1c and serum creatinine.  The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-Epi equation, without the race component of the equation.

Results: A total of 5,979/6,397 (93.5%) participants had valid creatinine results. The mean age was 39 years (Range:16-103 years) and 3,627 (60.7%) were female. HIV prevalence was 9.7% and about 40% of the population were pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. The mean serum creatinine level was 0.75 mg/dl (95% CI 0.74–0.75), and the average eGFR was 109.3 ml/min/1.73 m 2 (95% CI 108.8–109.9). The overall prevalence of eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was 1.64% (98/5,979) (95% CI 1.34–1.99).  Additionally, 4,792(80.2%) were classified as normal eGFR (≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2), 1,089(18.2%) as low eGFR (60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2), 91(1.52%) as moderately reduced eGFR (30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2), 4(0.07%) as severely reduced eGFR (15-29 ml/min/1.73 m2), and 3(0.05%) classified as having kidney failure (eGFR<15 ml/min/1.73 m2).  When age-standardised to the WHO Standard Population the prevalence of eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was 1.79%. Age above 35 years and the presence of hypertension (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.15-7.08) and anaemia (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.12-4.09) were associated with eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2.

Conclusion: In a systematic survey of people in rural Uganda, we found a substantial proportion had eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2. More population based studies are needed to further characterize kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
The prevention and management of distal cervical caries of the mandibular second molar
Authors: McArdle Louis W
Published: May 2019

Distal Cervical Caries (DCC) of the mandibular second molar has become a more frequent complication of third molar impaction as a direct consequence of the introduction of NICE's guidance on the management of wisdom teeth. NICE's tenet that disease free impacted third molars can be retained is contradicted by the development of DCC on the second molar as its diagnosis asks the simple question of why the impacted third molar was not removed before DCC occurred.

This paper aims to address the features of DCC associated with the second molar and outlines how dentists should address its diagnosis but, more importantly, how to recognize those at risk and how patients should be managed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Clinical management of impacted third molar teeth.
Marked extrinsic staining following microabrasion: a case report of a boy with dental fluorosis
Authors: Lygidakis Nikolaos N , Harley Kathryn
Published: May 2019

A 12-year-old boy, born and raised in Iran, presented with dental fluorosis affecting all his teeth. The defects were predominantly opaque white in appearance with brown opacities on the maxillary central incisors. The treatment plan entailed microabrasion of the maxillary central incisors followed by vital bleaching, if required. Despite providing post-operative instructions, the patient had a drink containing turmeric later that day. He subsequently presented with yellow staining of his maxillary central incisors. A further course of microabrasion as well as vital bleaching provided a satisfactory final result. The teeth remained unchanged in a two-month review appointment.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case presents a rare complication following microabrasion for dental fluorosis which occurred because post-operative instructions were not followed.
Juice powder concentrates: nutritional supplements in periodontology
Authors: Raindi Devan S , Chapple Iain
Published: May 2019

Periodontitis is a ubiquitous, chronic inflammatory condition of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Various risk factors/indicators are associated with periodontal diseases, including nutritional status. With oxidative stress driving periodontal inflammation there is credibility in considering additional benefits from phytonutritional supplements when used in conjunction with conventional therapy for periodontal disease. Contemporary research utilizing robust methodology, such as double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, in conjunction with serum micronutrient levels to assess bioavailability of phytonutrients following nutritional supplementation, may begin to provide an evidence base for delivering nutritional advice as part of periodontal prevention/therapy.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Some mechanisms underpinning nutritional modulation of inflammatory periodontal disease, as well as the evidence behind the use of Juice Powder Concentrates (JPCs), are of relevance in periodontal therapy.
The Salivary Microbiome Is Altered in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Correlates With Disease Activity
Authors: Hiremath Girish , Shilts Meghan H. , Boone Helen H. , Correa Hernan , Acra Sari , Tovchigrechko Andrey , Rajagopala Seesandra V. , Das Suman R.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergen-mediated inflammatory disease affecting the esophagus. Although microbial communities may affect the host immune responses, little is known about the role of the microbiome in EoE. We compared the composition of the salivary microbiome in children with EoE with that of non-EoE controls to test the hypotheses that the salivary microbiome is altered in children with EoE and is associated with disease activity.

METHODS:

Saliva samples were collected from 26 children with EoE and 19 non-EoE controls comparable for age and ethnicity. The salivary microbiome was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Disease activity was assessed using the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Endoscopic Reference Score and the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Histologic Scoring System (EoEHSS).

RESULTS:

A trend toward lower microbial richness and alpha diversity was noted in children with EoE. Although the overall salivary microbiome composition was similar between children with and without EoE, specific taxa such asStreptococcus(q value = 0.06) tended to be abundant in children with active EoE compared with non-EoE controls.Haemophiluswas significantly abundant in children with active EoE compared with inactive EoE (q value = 0.0008) and increased with the increasing EoEHSS and Eosinophilic Esophagitis Histology Scoring System (q value = 5e-10). In addition, 4 broad salivary microbial communities correlated with the EoEHSS.

DISCUSSION:

The composition of the salivary microbiome community structure can be altered in children with EoE. A relative abundance ofHaemophiluspositively correlates with the disease activity. These findings indicate that perturbations in the salivary microbiome may have a role in EoE pathobiology and could serve as a noninvasive marker of disease activity.
A FILOSOFIA COMO PROPOSTA DE REFLEXÃO NA AÇÃO DO COORDENADOR PEDAGÓGICO
Authors: De Morais Pereira Paula , Martins pereira Junior Walteno
Published: May 2019

Neste trabalho encontra-se uma proposta para uso da Filosofia como diretriz no trabalho do supervisor pedagógico. Essa proposta se baseia em artigos / livros lidos sobre a importância da Filosofia como reflexão contínua e diária de pensamentos e ações. É sabido que a Filosofia é de suma importância para um bom processo de ensino-aprendizagem, fundamental na vida prática e também como diretriz para o pedagogo que orienta docentes. O trabalho do coordenador pedagógico é diário e rotineiro. Muitas vezes impregnado de tarefas, metas e padrões que engessam, de certa maneira, a forma como será conduzido o trabalho de orientação dos professores. Os coordenadores diante dos manuais que os orientam em seu trabalho promovem mais um repasse de modelos de ações e condutas do que uma construção coletiva e participativa com os professores na práxis pedagógica. O professor, conforme orientação do coordenador assume uma atitude passiva no momento de construção das ações pedagógicas que norteiam sua prática pedagógica. Ou seja, ele não participa e nem reflete na ação de produção de conhecimento. O presente estudo pretende verificar essa situação de passividade do professor e coordenador. Como essa situação limita as possibilidades de reflexão e construção coletiva da ação pedagógica e a possibilidade de uma orientação reflexiva quando no uso da Filosofia ou suas imprescindíveis características.
Direito Alternativo em Tempos de (In)efetividade de Direitos Fundamentais
Authors: Neves Bruno Humberto , Ravagnani Christopher Abreu
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a afirmação do Estado Democrático de Direito na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88). Eis que surge um novo modelo de Estado, não mais somente aquele que regula ou providencia, mas também aquele capaz de produzir as transformações sociais previstas em seus objetivos fundamentais no art. 3º da CF/88. Assim, analisar-se-á a Constituição Federal como uma Lei Maior de caráter compromissório, mormente por estar ligada à dignidade da pessoa humana, sustentáculo do Estado Democrático de Direito. Neste sentido, o movimento do Direito Alternativo é apontado como instrumento capaz de produzir justiça social no Brasil.
Os Reflexos de Quem Somos
Authors: Machado Gustavo Seferian Scheffer , Góis Tainã
Published: May 2019

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(Re) Pensando a Finalidade e Efetividade da Licença-Paternidade na Justiça do Trabalho
Authors: Cavalca Renata Falson
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo analisa a efetivação da licença-paternidade e sua prorrogação, operada à luz dos princípios constitucionais da dignidade da pessoa humana e da isonomia, e tendo por base a ordem jurídica trabalhista brasileira. Adota-se uma abordagem de natureza constitucional da prerrogativa em questão. O estudo também contempla a questão da igualdade de gênero no mercado de trabalho e a relação dessa igualdade com a necessidade de ampliação da licença-paternidade, no Brasil, a fim de se possibilitar uma melhor repartição dos deveres e direitos de conciliação entre as atividades familiares e o trabalho. Para tanto, são analisados a licença-paternidade, sua regulamentação e a possibilidade de sua prorrogação, buscando, em consonância com o caráter teleológico das normas, possibilitar o convívio familiar e o cuidado com a criança. Também é analisada, em linhas gerais, a legislação que instituiu a licença-paternidade no Brasil, para igualdade efetiva entre mulheres e homens. Todavia, a diferenciação no tocante ao prazo de concessão em equiparação à licença-maternidade ainda se depara com dificuldades de aplicação no cenário contemporâneo, no qual as relações familiares são dinâmicas, o que leva à necessidade do debate quanto à finalidade do instituto, para ensejar a construção de uma legislação efetiva, que atenda aos anseios sociais e constitucionais, no ordenamento justrabalhista brasileiro. Por isso, utilizar-se-á dos posicionamentos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais como forma de se buscar outras alternativas para, além de ressaltar a importância do reconhecimento dos direitos sociais, torná-los efetivos. Dessa forma, o estudo traz reflexões sobre a importância da prorrogação da licença-paternidade, à luz da função promocional do Direito contemporâneo, na seara trabalhista.
Inquérito Policial como Instrumento do Contraditório Mitigado
Authors: Pignata Fabiano Silveira
Published: May 2019

O inquérito policial é o instrumento que a polícia judiciária utiliza para subsidiar o titular da ação e para formar sua opinião sobre o delito, uma vez que este é de fundamental importância no deslinde de uma infinidade de crimes (contra a pessoa, o patrimônio, a economia popular, etc.), tendo como finalidade a solução dos crimes que assolam a paz social. O presente artigo busca discutir os reflexos críticos causados pela promulgação da Lei 13.245/16 no inquérito policial, com a possibilidade de aplicação do contraditório mitigado na fase pré-processual. Para isso, trará à baila a dinâmica da fase investigativa em um modelo inquisitorial brasileiro, a aplicação dos princípios constitucionais da ampla defesa e do contraditório no inquérito policial e a identificação das modificações causadas pela Lei 13.245/16 que alcançou o instituto do inquérito policial. A metodologia utilizada foi exploratória e qualitativa, tendo por base a revisão bibliográfica como procedimento técnico. Os resultados apresentados advêm da possibilidade da utilização do contraditório mitigado na fase pré-processual com a entrada em vigor da Lei 13.245/16 como atividade afirmativa e garantista do Estado na efetivação da defesa do suspeito/indiciado no procedimento investigativo.
Participação Popular em Políticas Ambientais
Authors: Palomares Débora Salatino , Santos Lívia Zanholo , Di Pietro Josilene Hernandes Ortolan
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho visa demonstrar a importância da participação popular na elaboração e nas decisões de políticas ambientais brasileiras. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise da democracia participativa no Estado brasileiro e as previsões constitucionais sobre o meio ambiente como direito fundamental e geracional, utilizando-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, pois foram utilizados estudos bibliográficos já existentes sobre o tema, aprofundando o conhecimento, permitindo observar que a democracia participativa é elemento indissociável na defesa do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, sendo instrumento eficaz no alcance da implementação socioambiental, que assegura a concretização da sustentabilidade ambiental, atingindo o fim maior da substancial sadia qualidade de vida a todos.