bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene therapy for
fat-1
prevents obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction, cellular senescence, and osteoarthritis
Authors: Tang Ruhang , Harasymowicz Natalia S. , Wu Chia-Lung , Choi Yun-Rak , Lenz Kristin , Oswald Sara J. , Guilak Farshid
Published: October 2024

Obesity is one of the primary risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA), acting through cross talk among altered biomechanics, metabolism, adipokines, and dietary free fatty acid (FA) composition. Obesity and aging have been linked to cellular senescence in various tissues, resulting in increased local and systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction. We hypothesized that obesity and joint injury lead to cellular senescence that is typically associated with increased OA severity or with aging and that the ratio of omega-6 (ω-6) to omega-3 (ω-3) FAs regulates these pathologic effects. Mice were placed on an ω-6-rich high-fat diet or a lean control diet and underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus to induce OA. Obesity and joint injury significantly increased cellular senescence in subcutaneous and visceral fat as well as joint tissues such as synovium and cartilage. Using adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy for
fat-1
, a fatty acid desaturase that converts ω-6 to ω-3 FAs, decreasing the serum ω-6:ω-3 FA ratio had a strong senomorphic and therapeutic effect, mitigating metabolic dysfunction, cellular senescence, and joint degeneration. In vitro coculture of bone marrow-derived macrophages and chondrocytes from control and AAV8-
fat1-
treated mice were used to examine the roles of various FA mediators in regulating chondrocyte senescence. Our results suggest that obesity and joint injury result in a premature “aging” of the joint as measured by senescence markers, and these changes can be ameliorated by altering FA composition using
fat-1
gene therapy. These findings support the potential for
fat-1
gene therapy to treat obesity- and/or injury-induced OA clinically.
Thermomechanical properties of bat and human red blood cells—Implications for hibernation
Authors: Fregin Bob , Hossain Mohammed Faruq , Biedenweg Doreen , Friedrichs Virginia , Balkema-Buschmann Anne , Bokelmann Marcel , Lehnert Kristin , Mokbel Dominic , Aland Sebastian , Scholz Carsten C. , Lehmann Philipp , Otto Oliver , Kerth Gerald
Published: October 2024

Hibernation is a widespread and highly efficient mechanism to save energy in mammals. However, one major challenge of hibernation is maintaining blood circulation at low body temperatures, which strongly depends on the viscoelastic properties of red blood cells (RBCs). Here, we examined at physiologically relevant timescales the thermomechanical properties of hundreds of thousands of individual RBCs from the hibernating common noctule bat (
Nyctalus noctula
), the nonhibernating Egyptian fruit bat (
Rousettus aegyptiacus
), and humans (
Homo sapiens
). We exposed RBCs to temperatures encountered during normothermia and hibernation and found a significant increase in elasticity and viscosity with decreasing temperatures. Our data demonstrate that temperature adjustment of RBCs is mainly driven by membrane properties and not the cytosol while viscous dissipation in the membrane of both bat species exceeds the one in humans by a factor of 15. Finally, our results show that RBCs from both bat species reveal a transition to a more viscous-like state when temperature decreases. This process on a minute timescale has an effect size that is comparable with fluctuations in RBC viscoelasticity over the course of the year, implying that environmental factors, such as diets, have a lower impact on the capability of RBCs to respond to different temperatures than general physical properties of the cell membrane. In summary, our findings suggest membrane viscoelasticity as a promising target for identifying mechanisms that could be manipulated to ensure blood circulation at low body temperatures in humans, which may be one first step toward safe synthetic torpor in medicine and space flight.
Forecasting Constraint on the f(R) Theory with the CSST SN Ia and BAO Surveys
Authors: Yan Jun-Hui , Gong Yan , Wang Minglin , Miao Haitao , Chen Xuelei
Published: October 2024

The f(R) modified gravity theory can explain the accelerating expansion of the late Universe without introducing dark energy. In this study, we predict the constraint strength on the f(R) theory using the mock data generated from the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) Ultra-Deep Field Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) survey and wide-field slitless spectroscopic baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) survey. We explore three popular f(R) models and introduce a parameter b to characterize the deviation of the f(R) theory from the ΛCDM theory. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is employed to constrain the parameters in the f(R) models, and the nuisance parameters and systematic uncertainties are also considered in the model fitting process. Besides, we also perform model comparisons between the f(R) models and the ΛCDM model. We find that the constraint accuracy using the CSST SN Ia+BAO data set alone is comparable to or even better than the result given by the combination of the current relevant observations, and the CSST SN Ia+BAO survey can distinguish the f(R) models from the ΛCDM model. This indicates that the CSST SN Ia and BAO surveys can effectively constrain and test the f(R) theory.
A Novel Ephemeris Model for Martian Moons Incorporating Their Free Rotation
Authors: Yang Yong-Zhang , Huang Kai , Yan Jian-Guo , Li Yu-Qiang
Published: October 2024

High-precision ephemerides not only support space missions, but can also be used to study the origin and future of celestial bodies. In this paper, a coupled orbit-rotation dynamics model that fully takes into account the rotation of the Martian moons is developed. Phobos and Deimos’ rotations are first described by Eulerian rotational equations, and integrated simultaneously with the orbital motion equations. Orbital and orientational parameters of Mars satellites were simultaneously obtained by numerical integration for the first time. In order to compare the differences between our newly developed model and the one now used in the ephemerides, we first reproduced and simulated the current model using our own parameters, and then fit it to the Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides ephemerides using least-square procedures. The adjustment test simulations show Phobos and Deimos’ orbital differences between the refined model and the current model are no more than 300 m and 125 m, respectively. The orientation parameters are confirmed and the results are in good agreement with the International Astronomical Union results. Moreover, we simulated two perturbations (main asteroids and mutual torques) which were not included in our refined model, and find that their effects on the orbits are completely negligible. As for the effect on rotation, we propose to take care of the role of mutual attraction in future models.
Research on a Multi-source RFI Mitigation Algorithm Using a Reference Antenna Array
Authors: Wu Han , Zhang Hai-Long , Zhang Ya-Zhou , Wang Jie , Ye Xin-Chen , Du Xu , Zhang Ting
Published: October 2024

We propose a multi-source radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation method based on a reference antenna array to address the challenge of RFI from multiple directions in radio observation equipment. It introduces a sampling point correction technique using a multi-channel parallel cross-correlation computation method, enhancing the effectiveness of frequency domain adaptive RFI fast mitigation algorithms. The design implements an RFI component detection method based on cross-correlation coefficient thresholds to effectively reduce new interference frequency components introduced by the reference antenna array. Simulated RFI signals and baseband signals of pulsar J0332+5434 observed by the Nanshan 26 m Radio Telescope (NSRT) were used to test the algorithm proposed in this paper. Simulation results demonstrate that the simulated radio telescope signals after RFI mitigation closely match the original pulsar data in profile and phase, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on Tool Wear Monitoring Based on Enhanced Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Wei Naizhen , Wu Jianwei , Xu Fan , Peng Qianchang , Chen Junyu
Published: October 2024

Identifying the wear status of cutting tools during the machining process is essential because failure to promptly replace severely worn tools can significantly impact the quality of workpiece machining. Presently, machine learning methods are predominantly utilized for monitoring cutting tool wear status. However, these methods rely on manual feature extraction and exhibit low accuracy. This study introduces a novel RRP-Net model, built upon the RepVgg and ResNet frameworks, integrating a parameter-free self-attention mechanism called SimAM to expedite the model’s solving speed without increasing parameters. Within the foundational module of the model, a structural reparameterization approach is employed to transform the multi-branch structure during training into a single-branch structure during validation. This method not only enhances model accuracy but also accelerates the model validation process. The publicly available cutting data from PHM2010 is employed for model training and validation. The findings demonstrate that RRP-Net surpasses classical convolutional neural network models in identifying cutting tool wear status within the PHM2010 dataset, achieving an average accuracy of 98.65% and enhancing recognition accuracy on relevant datasets by 2.41%. To verify the model’s practical applicability, specificity and recall during the Break stage are computed at 99.73% and 98.18%, respectively, affirming the model’s exceptional robustness and stability. The heightened accuracy and efficiency of RRP-Net further broaden its applicability within the industrial domain.
Identifying significant factors affecting plate stiffness of innovative CLT using Random Forest analysis
Authors: Daou Bassam , Kaddah Fouad
Published: October 2024

Innovative cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a relatively new engineered timber product. It is a new version of CLT having large gaps between lateral lamellas. Since it is a new material, the mechanical performance of this innovative material is not studied yet despite these advantages. This paper explores the factors that influence membrane, bending, shear, and torsional stiffness in innovative CLT and their implications, acknowledging the significance of knowing the plate stiffness of these innovative materials in predicting their behaviour and promoting their use in construction as bio-based materials. Using a large database of plate stiffness moduli derived from finite element computations and incorporating microstructural characteristics such as layer thicknesses, board width, gap width, longitudinal modulus of elasticity, longitudinal shear modulus, and rolling shear modulus of timber, Random Forest analysis was employed to study the significance of factors affecting plate stiffness in innovative CLT. Our results show that the gap affects the membrane, shear, and torsional stiffness for innovative CLT. However, the trans-versal layer thickness primarily controls the bending stiffness.
Binary nano-systems TiO2-ZnO and TiO2-Cu in the chitosan matrix: synthesis and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Pavel Sheludko , Evgeniia Salomatina , Larisa Smirnova
Published: October 2024

Binary TiO2-ZnO and TiO2 - nanoparticles (NPs) Cu in a chitosan stabilizer matrix were obtained and studied as photocatalysts at their content relative to the mass of the dry polymer of 10 wt.%. The effect of the mass ratio of TiO2:ZnO, TiO2:Cu NPs was revealed on the photocatalytic properties of materials in the decomposition reaction of methylene orange when exposed to UV and visible light. It is shown that the greatest depth of decomposition of the azo dye - 98% – in an aqueous solution is achieved in 60 minutes of light exposure using the system TiO2:ZnO with a mass ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 components. The same level of photocathaitic activity – a decrease in the concentration of methylene orange by 95-98 % is achieved when using the system TiO2: Cu NPs at a mass ratio of 10:1 and 5:1 components.
Performance evaluation and physical simulation experiment of SiO2 nanoparticle synergistic crosslinked polymer system
Authors: Zhao Yunhai , Wang Xueqiang , Liu Yang , Chen Long , Zhang Jiayin , Wang Jin , Li Ran , Yu Yang
Published: October 2024

As natural gas development gradually shifts from early to mid to late stages, water outflow from gas wells has become an inevitable problem. In this study, polyethyleneimine cross-linked polymers were synthesized and nano particles were introduced to obtain SiO2 nanoparticle synergistic cross-linked polymer systems. Rheological experiments show that the system has stronger shear resistance and higher yield stress, and the linear viscoelastic region has a stress amplitude less than 3.5Pa, exhibiting good elastic properties in the range of 0.01 to 10Hz. In terms of stability, after 45 days of aging, the viscosity retention rate of the system is 77.66%. When the mineralization degree is 224852mg/L, the viscosity retention rate is greater than 76.33%, indicating that the system has good aging stability and salt resistance.The physical simulation experiment of core displacement shows that SiO2 nanoparticle synergistic cross-linked polymer gel has gas-water selective plugging ability, and the reduction of water phase permeability is much greater than that of gas phase. The gas phase permeability can remains at about 75%, which is 2300 times that of water phase permeability, and has a good water plugging effect.
The influence of pre-strain on the microstructure and recovery properties of cold-rolled TiNiFe alloy tube
Authors: Xiaoyun Song , Shuwei Liu , Yanfeng Li
Published: October 2024

In the present work, the influence of pre-strain on the microstructures and recovery properties of cold-rolled TiNiFe shape memory alloy tube are studied by pre-strain system, phase transformation testing system, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is demonstrated that the pre-strain has significant effects on the recovery properties, transformation temperatures, and microstructures of TiNiFe alloy. With the increase of pre-strain, the kernel average misorientation (KAM) value and the dislocation pill-up increase, causing the recovery rate of the TiNiFe alloy decreases linearly, and maximum of recovery strain is 8%. And the reverse martensite transformation start temperature (TRs) increases from -133°C to -105°C and TRf increases from -124°C to -97°C, as the increase of pre-strain.
Effect of Low-Temperature Tempering Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of NM500 Wear-Resistant Steel
Authors: Yihao Zheng , Shuai Ren , Xinyue Zhang , Lijun Liu , Peizi Zhang , Jiarui Guo , Zhixin Gao , Hao Yang , Yang Luo
Published: October 2024

In order to explore the effect of low temperature tempering heat treatment temperatures on Brinell hardness (HB), impact absorption energy (KV2) and tensile mechanical properties of NM500 wear-resistant steel, isothermal tempering heat treatment of NM500 wear-resistant steel sheets after quenching were carried out at 200~260 °C. The microstructures, Brinell hardness, -20 °C impact energies and tensile mechanical properties of NM500 wear-resistant steel after tempered were analyzed by optical microscope, Brinell hardness tester, pendulum impact testing machine and tensile testing machine respectively. The results show that when the tempering temperature increases from 200 °C to 260 °C, the Brinell hardness of NM500 wear-resistant steel decreases from 490 HBW to 460 HBW, the offset yield strength (Rp0.2) decreases from 1396.3MPa to 1351.0MPa, and the tensile strength (Rm) decreases from 1708.5 MPa to 1615.0 MPa. However, the low temperature tempering temperature has no significant effect on the microstructure and elongation after fracture. According to GB/T 24186-2022, 200~220 °C is the suitable low temperature tempering temperature range for NM500 wear-resistant steel.
Effect of double quenching process on Microstructure and Properties of 20CrMoH Alloy Steel
Authors: Gao Zhixin , Ren Shuai , Li Jie , Sun Zhiyan , Sun Jiangbo , Sun Caifeng , Liu Lijun , Duan Luzhao
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the influence of dual quenching process quenching temperature on the microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties of 20CrMoH alloy steel through optical metallographic microscopy, Rockwell hardness tester, and universal mechanical testing machine. The results indicate that during the second quenching in the temperature range of 780-880 °C, with the increase of quenching temperature, the tensile strength of 20CrMoH steel shows a rapid increase trend, from 1250MPa to 1550MPa. At this time, the matrix structure gradually evolves from ferrite + bainite structure to bainite + martensite, which is also the main factor for its rapid increase in tensile strength; When the quenching temperature rises to above 850 °C, the influence of quenching temperature on the tensile strength decreases, and the tensile strength remains around 1550MPa. The secondary quenching temperature has little effect on the plasticity of the material. The overall reduction and elongation of the section under different quenching temperature conditions are at a similar level, with a reduction rate of 9% -12% and a stable reduction rate of 50% -60%, indicating good mechanical properties.
Research of the anti-static and corrosion resistance of S-ZnO/m-SWCNTs/ FC composite coating
Authors: Wang Zhiqi , Man Tiannan , Nong Zhisheng , Ma Keming , Wang Baichen , Xing Yue , Lu Shaowei
Published: October 2024

In order to solve the hazards caused by corrosion and charge accumulation in aircraft, electronic equipment, oil and gas pipelines, the corrosion resistance and anti-static performance of coatings need to be noted. In this study, monodisperse single-walled carbon nanotubes functional slurry (m-SWCNTs) was obtained by the combination of high-energy ultrasonic dispersion and non-covalent amphiphilic dispersant (PVP). In this way, the uniform dispersion of low-content m-SWCNTs in fluorocarbon composite coatings was achieved, and the micronano structured surface of the fluorocarbon composite coating was constructed by using the modified-ZnO in order to achieve superhydrophobicity. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the fluorocarbon composite coating was further improved and the antistatic property of the composite coating met the use requirements, which was achieved through the synergistic effect of the m-SWCNTs network and the modified-ZnO. The resistivity of S-ZnO/m-SWCNTs/FC coating is 3.15 Ωm, acting as anti-static coating to reduce safety hazards, its corrosion current is 9.66×10−8 A/cm2, which is lower than bare steel by 3 orders of magnitude. Meanwhile, the composite coating owns the self-cleaning, superhydrophobic and organic solvent affinity, acting as oil-water separation coating. This research provides a new idea for the fabrication of multifunctional coating, elucidating the significant potential of its applications.
Promoting Adhesion of Natural Rubber/Styrene-Butadiene Rubber to Brass Using Vietnamese Natural Rubber-Based Adhesives
Authors: Doan Vu Anh , Cong Hoan Nguyen , Trung Hai Huynh , Nguyen Thanh Liem
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to enhance the adhesion between brass and NR/SBR rubber sheets using solvent-based adhesives derived from Vietnamese natural rubber. The effects of silane coupling agents and iron nanoparticles on adhesion were investigated. (3-Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane (APTES) and iron nanoparticles are incorporated into the adhesives at varying concentrations to enhance adhesion levels. The characteristics of the adhesive, such as viscosity, peel-off tensile strength, and the surface morphology of the adhesive bond failure, have been studied and evaluated. The research results demonstrated that as the APTES content added to the adhesives increases gradually, the peel strength between the NR/SBR and brass significantly improves. The highest peel strength value achieved was 5.27 N/mm at 25 phr APTES, representing a 974% increase compared to the sample without silane. The continued addition of iron nanoparticles to the adhesive further improves the peel tensile strength, reaching a maximum value of 5.93 N/mm at a nanoparticle content of 5 phr. This information will be crucial for developing practical applications for this type of adhesive.
Properties of chitosan films modified with TiO2 nanoparticles promising as biodegradable food packaging
Authors: Sundareva Yu A. , Dumina I. S. , Salomatina E.V. , Smirnova O.N. , Bulanov E.N. , Zarubin D.M. , Smirnova L.A.
Published: October 2024

The structure, tensile strength and thermo-physical properties of chitosan films reinforced by TiO2 nanoparticles and obtained from aqueous solutions of various acids - hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid - were investigated. The TiO2 nanoparticles concentration was from 0.5 to 10 wt.% relative to the chitosan weight. The tensile strengths of all chitosan films prepared from aqueous solutions of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid containing TiO2 nanoparticles were greater than 80 MPa, while this characteristic for initial chitosan was approximately 35 MPa. The highest tensile strength was 127 MPa with an elongation of 13% was found for samples with TiO2 concentration 0.5 wt.% and obtained using acetic acid. These effects can be attributed to changes in the film structure when TiO2 small amount was added to it which was confirmed by IR-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A glass transition temperature increasing of the samples were determined in the TiO2 presence. Moreover, the films exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and were able to biodegrade.
Study on the Effect of Al-Ti-B-RE Refiner on the Refining Effect of A356 Aluminum Alloy after Different Melt Treatments
Authors: Chen Guiqing , Huang Shita , Fu Gaosheng , Wu Jianxin , Chen Ruoyu
Published: October 2024

The A356 aluminum alloy treated with conventional flux purification and impurity removal flux purification was refined using Al-Ti-B-RE refiner. The aluminum liquid treated with impurity removal flux purification had a better refining effect, with a reduction in grain size of 25.26% and a significant improvement in strength and elongation. Due to the higher purity of the aluminum liquid purified by the impurity removal flux, the stability of the refinement effect is better maintained during the later insulation process, providing good conditions for the transportation and casting of the aluminum liquid.
Analysis of Seat Vibration during High-Speed Driving for a Certain Vehicle Model
Authors: Tao Zhang , Lei Ren , Lianmao Wu , Zhao Chen , Hongjian Su , Ruyi Chen , Yongwei Tang , Ximin Yang
Published: October 2024

To address the seat shaking issue of a certain vehicle model under high-speed conditions, this article utilizes the TPA method, starting from the “source-path-response” perspective. By comparing with benchmark vehicles’ lateral parameters, it confirms the abnormal vibration frequency of the seat as 12Hz in the Z direction. Through real vehicle testing, the validity of this approach is verified, providing clear optimization solutions and improvement suggestions for subsequent vehicle NVH design.
Design, Fabrication and Aerodynamic Analysis of a RC Airplane
Authors: Shil Durjoy Chandra , Ahmed Md Tanvir , Mia Md Robin , Bej Nilotpala
Published: October 2024

An internal receiver and a hand-held transmitter enable the remote operation of a (model) airplane, often known as an RC plane or airplane, to be operated remotely. The objective is to create a high-performance, stable, and maneuverable RC airplane maintaining an optimum AOA suitable for recreational and hobbyist use. Since the used electronic components are freely available in markets and do not require user programming, this paper did not focus on them. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was used to discuss wing shape, and control surface configuration to optimize lift, drag, and stability also calculated the optimum angle of attack which was found to be below 15 degrees. The N10 airfoil was taken into consideration for the wing design based on its asymmetrical shape for better lift and aerodynamic performance. Overall, this article provides valuable insights and guidelines for the design and development of RC airplanes, fostering advancements in this exciting field of aviation.
Performance analysis of Plate type Steam Condenser Using Nano-fluid
Authors: Pandey Vijay Kumar , Prakash Om , Brar Lakhbir Singh , Kumar Ankur , Shriwastava Sandeep , Chakraborty Saurav , Kumar Anil
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the application of nanofluid coolant, specifically a mixture of water and aluminium dioxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles, to augment heat transfer efficiency within flat plate heat exchanger. Beginning with an introduction highlighting the pivotal role of heat exchangers in industrial processes, the study emphasizes the imperative for enhanced efficiency and reduced energy consumption. The system description delineates the components and functionality of flat plate heat exchanger, elucidating operational and experimental conditions including initial temperatures and subsequent temperature transitions during cooling. Key parameters such as effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient are identified, with an exploration of their variation when comparing water alone to nanofluid coolant. Comparative data showcases experimentally obtained effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient values for both coolant types, revealing a substantial enhancement in efficiency with nanofluid coolant. Like effectiveness for water was 18% while that for nanofluid was 35%. The future potential and broader applications of nanofluid coolant in heat transfer technologies, advocating for continued research to unlock further advancements and efficiencies in industrial processes. By this technology we can reduce water losses as well as reduce power consumption in plants.
Estimation of energy available in rain droplets from meteorological rainfall data
Authors: Gupta Anushka , Vimalraj S R , Vaikuntanathan Visakh
Published: October 2024

Even though the amount of rainfall is well documented in the reports of the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the rainfall energy available in different parts of India is unknown to the best of our knowledge. This paper reports a theoretical framework to convert the meteorological rainfall data to rainfall energy. The amount of rainfall over the south-west Monsoon period of 2022 is first converted to an average rainfall rate. Using the information on rain droplet size distribution for a rainfall of a given rainfall rate, the total energy contained in the rainfall is derived. In this, both the kinetic and surface energies of rain droplets of different sizes are considered. Based on the developed theoretical framework, rainfall map of India is converted to rainfall energy map showing states/union territories with maximum and minimum rainfall energy. Furthermore, for selected states in India, the districts showing maximum and minimum rainfall energy are also highlighted. The framework developed in the present study would help attempts to develop efficient rain energy harvesting systems.
On Microplasticity-induced Fatigue Fracture and its Relation to Entropy
Authors: Prakyat Reddy B , Jaswanth Lankapalli , Sharma Arun Kumar
Published: October 2024

The study delves into the intricate effects of microplasticity on fracture formation in testing specimens under axial cyclic loading. The primary aim is to pinpoint the juncture at which microplasticity becomes discernible across the stress cycle. Fatigue tests are conducted on varied specimens until failure using a fatigue testing machine, while recording parameters such as frequency, stress amplitude, applied power, and tensile strain. The investigation seeks to ascertain whether cracks must attain a specific size before manifesting these subtle alterations. A conjectured relationship is proposed between the number of cycles and entropy throughout the process. Additionally, a hypothesis is posited suggesting that microplasticity emerges only once the crack surpasses a certain threshold, such as grain size. This research provides insights into material fracture mechanisms and their implications for product durability and safety. Such discernments into the product life cycle under analogous conditions hold promise for delineating operational limits.
Analysis of Sandwich Composite Subjected to Impact Loading for Enhanced Energy Absorption
Authors: Revanth Valluru , Kumar Namala Kiran , Rajeshwari Chintamaneni , Reddy Ch Naveen , Sai Hari SNS
Published: October 2024

Composite materials are engineered to achieve the balance of properties for a wide spectrum of applications. In the current work, PU foam is used as a core, and Epoxy E-Glass (UD) is used as a face sheet. Impact of sandwich composite with single core and double core are considered. The effect of energy absorption, contact force, residual velocity, and deformation on impact velocity are discussed. The phenomenon of perforation, penetration and rebounding was observed in 150 m/s, 130 m/s and 100 m/s respectively. The FE tool ANSYS is used for analysis. It was found double core sandwich composite absorbs more energy and even stiffer than single core sandwich composite.
Effect of oxidation times on Gas sensitivity and characterization for (In2O3) thin films produced by thermal evaporated
Authors: Faisal Mohammed Husein , Salman Seham Hassan
Published: October 2024

thin films were prepared by the thermal evaporated method of Indium metal on a glass substrate, then conventional oxides in the presence of O2 at 400° C. The indium thin films have a thickness of 400nm and different oxidation times (60, 90, and 120) min. The findings from X-ray diffraction (XRD) pertain to the polycrystalline phase. The films (In2O3) had a polycrystalline cubic structure The films have prominent peaks that match (112), (222), and (004) planes at 21.448°, 30.515, 35.38 in the order mentioned. Change with increasing oxidation time each of The amounts The text refers to the number of crystallites, the dimensions of the crystallites, the density of dislocations inside the crystallites, and the level of microstrain present in the crystallites.

The UV-vis spectra were used to investigate the optical characteristics such as(The transmittance and absorbance spectra, the absorption coefficient (α) and from there, the energy gap was computed. with different times are 3.1,3.3 and 3.05 eV, respectively. The film’s gas sensing performance approaches CO2 Gas measurements were made at many oxidation times. The performance of the gas detecting system was found to have significantly improved.
Estimation the Properties of Polymer Matrix Reinforced with Plants Extract Used for Medical Fluid Bags
Authors: Saadi Furqan M , Mohammed Alaa A , Salih Wafaa M
Published: October 2024

The utilize of polyvinyl chloride in the manufacturing of blood bags responsible for preserving blood. It attains an extensive range of performance and processing requirements such as flexibility, transparency, physical, antibacterial and non-hemolysis properties. So, in the present flax-seed gel was incorporated in PVC matrix at various concentration (1, 2 and 3) %. Then wheat extract was added to samples has better properties in two percentage (0.5 and 1) %. The obtained results show, a significant change in the properties of the composite produce, where the tensile strength increased with increasing concentration of extract from flax seed gel, but it decreased when wheat extract was added, and when both extracts were added, the inhibition zone increased against bacterial activity for two types of bacteria (S. aureus and C. albicans). Also, the ability to absorb water and wettability increased with increasing concentration of plant extracts. On the other hand, the transparency decreased with increasing concentration of flaxseed gel, but when wheat gel was added to it increase of transparency. All samples were non-hemolytic in hemolysis test.
Comprehensive Analysis of 100 MW Wind Farm Losses and Their Financial Impacts: A Study on Array Losses Across Multiple Turbines Using a RETScreen Expert Software
Authors: Abdulwahed Hassan S. , Mahmood Faleh H. , Resen Ali K.
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the influence of array losses on the financial sustainability and economic viability of wind farm projects with a capacity of 100 MW. The Al-Fajer site has been proposed for a feasibility study to assess the viability of building an onshore wind farm. The assessment of investment costs was conducted using the RETScreen program. The findings demonstrated that alterations in array losses impact the amount of energy exported to the grid, influencing changes in revenue, pre-tax internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV). When array losses in (case 1) decrease by 2%, that will positively impact financial feasibility factors. Therefore, it will lead to a gain in income for all turbines; the net present value (NPV) and pre-tax internal rate of return (IRR) values experienced an increase, indicating a positive impact on the project’s profitability. When array losses in (case 2) increase by 2%, it will lead to negative results on the wind farm and, thus, reduce the energy exported to the grid; wind turbine revenue will experience a decline. This increase substantially affects the NPV and IRR, leading to decreases. The capacity factor experienced a drop, resulting in significant changes to the project’s financial returns. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) has increased due to decreased production, leading to higher prices. The simple payback likewise experienced a boost beyond its usual norms.
Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination from Medical Wastes Ash of Baghdad Hospitals
Authors: kadhem Nabaa Qassim , Hussein Itab F. , Hussain Basim A.
Published: October 2024

One of the complex problems that many countries suffer from is how to deal with medical waste because of its harmful and devastating effects on humans and the environment. Hospitals around the world use and consume many different products. These products are composed of various materials, and many of them contain heavy metals in their production and manufacturing, which are ultimately emitted into the environment, posing a major danger and risk to human health. This work focused on assessing the contamination levels of medical waste ash after the incineration process. Ash samples were collected from major hospitals in the capital, Baghdad. The health risks resulting from heavy metal pollution were calculated. Medical waste ash was collected at different times from three major hospitals within the capital, Baghdad, and tested for contamination with heavy metals. To measure the bottom ash samples, X-ray spectroscopy (XRF) technology was used to determine heavy metal concentrations. The results showed the presence of more than twenty elements in the ash of medical waste, including the heavy metals found in Baghdad hospitals. Work was done on eight of these heavy metals due to their high concentrations. These selected elements are considered highly toxic and dangerous if exposed to them, including zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), and copper. (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg). To evaluate the health risks of this pollution. All of these elements are a major problem if exposed to them. The amount of contamination was calculated using the contamination factor (CF). The results showed that the percentage of As, Cd, Hg, Zn, Pb, and Cu was very high. Meanwhile, the concentrations of Co and Ni were moderate values in medical waste ash. Adult health risks were calculated using the non-cancer health risk ratio (HL). The calculated values show values higher than the safe level in Imam Ali Central Hospital, indicating a potential high health risk. Meanwhile, other hospitals (Sheikh Zayed and Dhari Al Fayyad) recorded risk values below the safe level, indicating no health risks. The health risk assessment indicated that there are three main routes of human exposure: “ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact.” The cancer risk index (Risk) was also calculated. The values obtained were within the acceptable range. An analysis of the metal pollution index was also conducted, and it was found that heavy metals pose a non-cancerous risk. But the harmful effects of pollution from ash disposal have been particularly serious because they may contain high concentrations of heavy metals.
Characterization of Ni-Cu multilayers deposition on low carbon steel substrate using electroplating technique
Authors: Nsaif Mina S. , Annon Iman Adnan , Abbas Ahmed. S.
Published: October 2024

Low carbon steel is widely used in oil and gas applications. In this research, multilayers of Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) were deposited on a low carbon steel substrate using the electroplating process (ELP). Initially, a layer of Ni was coated, followed by a layer of Cu. ELP was implemented using water bath containing (300 g/l) of NiSO4.6H2O, (30 g/l) of (NiCl2.6H2O), (40 g/l) of H3BO3 and (30 g/l) of (NaCN), (30 g/l) of (CuCN), (10 g/l) of (NaOH.6H2O). First bath parameters were temperature is (59 - 60 °C), current density in the range of (3-5 A/dcm2), voltage was holed at (8 V) for Ni, and temperature was between (50-51 °C), current density in the range of (1-2 A/dcm2), voltage was holed at (4 V), while the plating time (10 minutes) for both Ni and Cu. The results refer to Ni, Cu, and Ni & Cu ELP thicknesses 3, 4.77 and 6.75 μm respectively. Metallurgical tests were achieve including the micro hardness of ELP, Vickers micro hardness results showed improvement in hardness values compared, with steel substrate, and in the presence of Ni, Cu, Ni+Cu layers, 322, 581, 479, and 562 Hv respectively. The roughness was measured using surface roughness measurement device. The average surface roughness (Ra) depicted satisfying values as a result of Ni layer coating, which gave uniform surface distribution with Ra 0.363 μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) test examinations serve as strong evidence for the presence of Ni and Cu in the internal and external finish layers, respectively. Corrosion examinations were carried out in seawater solution (3.5 g NaCl) the corrosion behavior tends to be more resistance, with layers of Ni, and Cu in sea water environment, which is considered an important criterion to increase the part life.
Investigation of Aerodynamic Performance of Multi-element Airfoil in Free Surface Effect
Authors: Guo Lei
Published: October 2024

This study examines the aerodynamic performance of the 30P30N multi-element airfoil flying on a free surface, a numerical computational model is established, the governing equations are addressed through the application of the finite volume method, while the volume of fluid method is utilized for the simulation of two-phase flow. Different mesh strategies and turbulence models are compared, with the numerical methods validated against experimental data. The aerodynamic properties of the 30P30N multi-element airfoil on the free surface at different wavelengths and wave heights are given by numerical computations, which show that the ground effect of the 30P30N multi-element airfoil differ from those on a clean airfoil, the aerodynamic coefficients of the 30P30N multi-element airfoil decrease as flight altitude lowers, with the pitching and drag moment of the slat is opposite to that of the main airfoil and the flap. Additionally, when the 30P30N multi-element airfoil flies over a regular wave surface, the aerodynamic coefficients of each component exhibit periodic behavior.
Research on Control of Pump and Valve Testing Equipment
Authors: Li Xuejing
Published: October 2024

The complex flow state of the fluid makes it difficult for the pump valve to accurately control it. A study was conducted on the pressure flow control of a valve control device for gas-liquid two-phase flow, and experiments were conducted on the joint control of gas-liquid two-phase flow. The results showed that pressure has a significant impact on control, and it is necessary to ensure that pressure remains constant during the control process. The joint control of gas-liquid two-phase flow has consistency in changes, and precise control of gas-liquid two-phase flow can be achieved through studying consistency.
Mechanical Simulation and Optimization Analysis of Slab Continuous Casting Process for Automobile
Authors: Zhang Hongwei
Published: October 2024

With the development trend of automobile lightweight, the continuous casting process of automobile slab is more and more demanding. In this paper, the stress conditions and boundary conditions in the deoxidizer of the continuous casting process were analyzed, and a contact mechanics model was established between the cast slab and the copper plate. The deformation laws of the slab shell under different amplitude and frequency were simulated and analyzed, and the amplitude and frequency parameters that minimize the impact of slag marks on the slab shell were determined, providing a basis for selecting reasonable vibration parameters.
Leverages of energy transition at home: a critical discussion of barriers and future trends
Authors: Marchi Lia , Gaspari Jacopo , Gasparini Nicole
Published: October 2024

The transition of the residential sector to a more sustainable energy system is regarded as a crucial action. Thus, significant efforts have been spent to promote deep energy retrofitting of existing inefficient assets. In addition, in more recent times, academics have begun to consider the potential for behavioral change among households to generate energy savings for the sector. This has led to the emergence of a growing body of literature aimed at understanding how to mobilize energy demand reduction potential that can be prompted by households’ behavioral change. Based on findings from a systematic literature review by the Authors, the paper tries to speculate upon four main dichotomic approaches that are retrieved within. These include behavioral-driven versus technological-driven approaches, awareness-raising versus rewarding or incentive-based systems, structural measures such as home retrofitting or the shift to clean energy, and provisional measures such as subsidies and tax rebates for vulnerable consumers. The paper also considers individual/customized measures versus collective policies towards energy transition. Based on that, common grounds are sought to advance effective strategies enabling energy transition of the residential sector. The drivers and limitations of the various approaches are also discussed in this context.
Improved understanding of thermal comfort could yield energy savings in heritage buildings
Authors: žagar Katja , Bohinc Uroš , Kurent Blaž , Rebec Katja Malovrh
Published: October 2024

It is necessary to improve the understanding of thermal comfort to reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling in heritage buildings, which are often energy inefficient and where interventions are limited. Personal thermal comfort models based on measurements of environmental conditions and the individual’s physiological and subjective responses represent a potential solution to ensure the optimization of existing systems. Past research shows that lighting could impact thermophysiology and subjective perception of thermal conditions, but it is not clear whether the impact is sufficient to make light adaptation an appropriate solution to reduce energy consumption in heritage buildings, where people live and work. The research conducted under realistic semi-controlled conditions in an office environment of an existing building addresses this research gap. The paper presents the first partial simplified analyses and preliminary results of a wider ongoing study, mainly showing a correlation between skin temperature and air temperature and a partially promising effect of light on subjective thermal perception. Our research on the effect of light on thermal comfort does not provide definitive conclusions but rather highlights the need for further investigation in actual heritage buildings.
Life Cycle Assessment for particleboards with recycled wood in an industrial context
Authors: Crociati Letizia , Zambelli Pierluigi , Gozzi Dario , Bolis Valentina , Volpi Marco , Bonoli Alessandra , Molari Luisa
Published: October 2024

The issue of depletion of natural resources carries side effects on human health, the ecosystem, and the planet itself. It is necessary to develop mitigation policies to reverse the actual climate trend. Both actions on small and large scales can make a relevant contribution to that problem. This paper aims to investigate two different approaches of the Life Cycle Assessment in an industrial context, in particular “ex-post” LCA is carried out for particleboards manufactured by a company using 100% recycled wood, while “ex-ante” LCA study is referred to a hypothetical particleboard manufactured equally to the previous product, but using 100% virgin wood, instead of recycled. The outcomes of the comparison of the two LCAs highlights that there are very relevant aspects to take into consideration when the environmental performance of a product is evaluated. In fact, CO2 emissions, which are one of the most concerning environmental impacts nowadays, and which is also orienting European policies, are not the only indicator that affect the impacts related to the human health, the natural environment, and the natural resources. The LCA tool is a complete tool capable to provide all-round environmental impacts of the studied object; in this research the results from the comparison of the two products’ LCA, pointed out how the “land use” increases in the case of the product made with only virgin wood, which is more than 20 times superior compared to the “land use” in the case of particleboard containing 100% recycled wood. The application of the two LCAs is structured on “cradle to gate” system boundary to highlight the impacts of the production process. For both ex-ante and ex-post application an interpretation is conducted to evidence their benefits, but with awareness of possible limits when they are utilized.
Innovative robotic-woven willow-clay-composite ceiling elements
Authors: Steffl Simon , Volk Rebekka , Dörstelmann Moritz , Schultmann Frank
Published: October 2024

The construction sector contributes 36% to global final energy use and 39% to energy-related CO2 emissions. Consequently, it is imperative to focus on quantifying and reducing environmental impacts e.g., via renewable building materials. The combination of fast-growing willow as tension reinforcement for regionally available and compression bearing clay seems a promising approach. The new attempt is based on the idea of full circularity, as the willow clay composite modules are in the first loop dismountable and can be rearranged and reused for another life cycle. When the composite material comes to its end-of-life, the materials can be theoretically fully recovered. To assess the environmental sustainability of such an innovative composite structure for the first time, a simplified cradle to grave Life Cycle Assessment is performed. The investigation is based on experimental data of the 1 to 1 scale robotically woven willow-clay-composite ceiling demonstrator. First results reveal hot spots, especially in the supply chain of the prototype production process but compared to conventional steel concrete ceiling, the innovative biobased composite is capable to function as a CO2 sink over the entire life cycle. In addition, the resource problem of timber could be circumvented accordingly.