bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology, Demographic Characteristics and E-Learning Acceptance: A Conceptual Model Based on Extended Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Tarhini Ali , Elyas Tariq , Akour Mohammed Ali , Al-Salti Zahran
Published: July 2016

The main aim of this paper is to develop an amalgamated conceptual model of technology acceptance that explains how individual, social, cultural and organizational factors affect the students’ acceptance and usage behaviour of the Web-based learning systems. More specifically, the proposed model extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to include four constructs namely, Quality of work life; Social Norm; Facilitating Conditions and self-efficacy. In addition, Individual differences—namely, age, gender, and experience—are hypothesized to moderate the effects of these constructs on behavioral intention and technology use. A comprehensive understanding of this model will provide valuable insights into the factors that inﬂuence the acceptance or resistance of web-based learning system by intended users and oﬀers opportunities for future research in understanding the acceptance of technology. Further, understanding these variables is helpful for instructors to design meaningful educational activities to promote student knowledge construction and make learning more effective and appealing.
RedeIFES: uma perspectiva convergente e viável de uma rede interativa de comunicação horizontal e colaborativa das Insitituições Federais de Ensino Superior do Brasil
Authors: Botelho-Francisco Rodrigo Eduardo , Daher Junior Francisco José , Estrada Sérgio Duque , Rocha Carlos
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a experiência de um grupo de Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior com a gestão da comunicação numa perspectiva da convergência midiática e de conceitos como o de colaboratividade e trabalho em rede. Nesse sentido, são apresentadas quatro propostas de softwares que, desde 2003, vêm sendo desenvolvidos e aprimorados pelas instituições.RedeIFES: una perspectiva convergente y factible de una red interactiva de comunicación horizontal y colaborativa de las Instituciones Federales de Educación Superior en BrasilResumen: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la experiencia de un grupo de instituciones federales de educación superior con la gestión de la comunicación desde la perspectiva de la convergencia y conceptos tales como colaborativity y las redes de comunicación. En este sentido, se presentan cuatro propuestas de software que, desde 2003, han sido desarrollados y mejorados por las instituciones.Palabras-Clave: Gestión de la Comunicación; Comunicación organizacional; Convergencia de los medios; Ciberespacio; RedeIFES.RedeIFES: a convergent and viable perspective of an interactive network of horizontal and collaborative comm unications of Higher Education Federal Ins titutions in BrazilAbstract: This paper aims to describe the experience of a group of Federal Institutions of Higher Education with the management of communication from the perspective of media convergence and concepts such as colaborativity and networking. In this sense, they are presented four proposals for software that, since 2003, have been developed and improved by the institutions.Keywords: Communication Management; Organizational Communication; Media convergence; Cyberspace; RedeIFES.
Editorial
Authors: Lisboa Filho Flavi Ferreira
Published: July 2016

Na edição v. 20, n.1 (jan-abr) de 2016, trazemos uma série de novidades. A partir de 2016 assumiu como editora-gerente a profa. Dra. Cristina Marques Gomes, seu doutorado em Ciência da Informação pela Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) com a equivalência ao grau de Doutora em Tecnologia e Sistemas de Informação pela Escola de Engenharia da Universidade do Minho (Portugal), assim como seu doutorado Sanduíche - Programa Erasmus Mundus External Cooperation Window - Projecto ISAC – Improving Skills Across Continents, contribuem significativamente para qualificação da Revista Cadernos de Comunicação. Além disso, conseguimos atribuir o DOI para todos os artigos publicados das edições do ano de 2011 para cá. Estamos indexados no DOAJ, Latindex, Sumarios.org, Portcom e Diadorim. Tendo em conta os critérios de avaliação do qualis, também consideramos que 50% dos nossos autores ou co-autores, por edição, sejam doutores e para evitar a endogenia procuramos publicar artigos de autores de outras instituições nacionais e do estrangeiro. Um das principais mudanças foi a alteração na periodicidade de semestral para quadrimestral.
Biodistribution and Clearance of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Quantitative Three-Dimensional Cryo-Imaging After Intravenous Infusion in a Rat Lung Injury Model
Authors: Schmuck Eric G. , Koch Jill M. , Centanni John M. , Hacker Timothy A. , Braun Rudolf K. , Eldridge Marlowe , Hei Derek J. , Hematti Peiman , Raval Amish N.
Published: July 2016

Cell tracking is a critical component of the safety and efficacy evaluation of therapeutic cell products. To date, cell-tracking modalities have been hampered by poor resolution, low sensitivity, and inability to track cells beyond the shortterm. Three-dimensional (3D) cryo-imaging coregisters fluorescent and bright-field microcopy images and allows for single-cell quantification within a 3D organ volume. We hypothesized that 3D cryo-imaging could be used to measure cell biodistribution and clearance after intravenous infusion in a rat lung injury model compared with normal rats. A bleomycin lung injury model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) labeled with QTracker655 were infused via jugular vein. After 2, 4, or 8 days, a second dose of hMSCs labeled with QTracker605 was infused, and animals were euthanized after 60, 120, or 240 minutes. Lungs, liver, spleen, heart, kidney, testis, and intestine were cryopreserved, followed by 3D cryo-imaging of each organ. At 60 minutes, 82% ± 9.7% of cells were detected; detection decreased to 60% ± 17% and 66% ± 22% at 120 and 240 minutes, respectively. At day 2, 0.06% of cells were detected, and this level remained constant at days 4 and 8 postinfusion. At 60, 120, and 240 minutes, 99.7% of detected cells were found in the liver, lungs, and spleen, with cells primarily retained in the liver. This is the first study using 3D cryo-imaging to track hMSCs in a rat lung injury model. hMSCs were retained primarily in the liver, with fewer detected in lungs and spleen.

Significance

Effective bench-to-bedside clinical translation of cellular therapies requires careful understanding of cell fate through tracking. Tracking cells is important to measure cell retention so that delivery methods and cell dose can be optimized and so that biodistribution and clearance can be defined to better understand potential off-target toxicity and redosing strategies. This article demonstrates, for the first time, the use of three-dimensional cryo-imaging for single-cell quantitative tracking of intravenous infused clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells in a clinically relevant model of lung injury. The important information learned in this study will help guide future clinical and translational stem cell therapies for lung injuries.
Fat-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Enhance the Bone-Forming Capacity of Devitalized Engineered Hypertrophic Cartilage Matrix
Authors: Todorov Atanas , Kreutz Matthias , Haumer Alexander , Scotti Celeste , Barbero Andrea , Bourgine Paul E. , Scherberich Arnaud , Jaquiery Claude , Martin Ivan
Published: July 2016

Engineered and devitalized hypertrophic cartilage (HC) has been proposed as bone substitute material, potentially combining the features of osteoinductivity, resistance to hypoxia, capacity to attract blood vessels, and customization potential for specific indications. However, in comparison with vital tissues, devitalized HC grafts have reduced efficiency of bone formation and longer remodeling times. We tested the hypothesis that freshly harvested stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from human adipose tissue—which include mesenchymal, endothelial, and osteoclastic progenitors—enhance devitalized HC remodeling into bone tissue. Human SVF cells isolated from abdominal lipoaspirates were characterized cytofluorimetrically. HC pellets, previously generated by human bone marrow-derived stromal cells and devitalized by freeze/thaw, were embedded in fibrin gel with or without different amounts of SVF cells and implanted either ectopically in nude mice or in 4-mm-diameter calvarial defects in nude rats. In the ectopic model, SVF cells added to devitalized HC directly contributed to endothelial, osteoblastic, and osteoclastic populations. After 12 weeks, the extent of graft vascularization and amount of bone formation increased in a cell-number-dependent fashion (up to, respectively, 2.0-fold and 2.9-fold using 12 million cells per milliliter of gel). Mineralized tissue volume correlated with the number of implanted, SVF-derived endothelial cells (CD31+ CD34+ CD146+). In the calvarial model, SVF activation of HC using 12 million cells per milliliter of gel induced efficient merging among implanted pellets and strongly enhanced (7.3-fold) de novo bone tissue formation within the defects. Our findings outline a bone augmentation strategy based on off-the-shelf devitalized allogeneic HC, intraoperatively activated with autologous SVF cells.

Significance

This study validates an innovative bone substitute material based on allogeneic hypertrophic cartilage that is engineered, devitalized, stored, and clinically used, together with autologous cells, intraoperatively derived from a lipoaspirate. The strategy was tested using human cells in an ectopic model and an orthotopic implantation model, in immunocompromised animals.
Utility Adopts a Complete Lead Service Line Replacement Strategy
Authors: Krkosek Wendy
Published: July 2016

Halifax Water (Canada) has been challenged by lead service line replacement for decades. Recommending complete, rather than partial, replacement, the utility has adopted a proactive approach, advanced technologies, robust customer engagement, and an integrated plan.
What Are Some Effective Ways to Manage Stormwater?
Authors: Kostyrko George
Published: July 2016

Recent legislation in California and increased awareness of stormwater‐related environmental issues have led to continued changes and innovative approaches to stormwater management and regulation that could be applied in many states. In 2016, the California State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) adopted its Storm Water Strategy (http://bit.ly/2a5GD5A) to further develop innovative regulatory and management approaches to maximize uses of stormwater as a resource.
Competition-function tradeoffs in ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Moeller Holly V. , Peay Kabir G.
Published: July 2016

Background.The extent to which ectomycorrhizal fungi mediate primary production, carbon storage, and nutrient remineralization in terrestrial ecosystems depends upon fungal community composition. However, the factors that govern community composition at the root system scale are not well understood. Here, we explore a potential tradeoff between ectomycorrhizal fungal competitive ability and enzymatic function.

Methods.We grewPinus muricata(Bishop Pine) seedlings in association with ectomycorrhizal fungi from three different genera in a fully factorial experimental design. We measured seedling growth responses, ectomycorrhizal abundance, and the root tip activity of five different extracellular enzymes involved in the mobilization of carbon and phosphorus.

Results.We found an inverse relationship between competitiveness, quantified based on relative colonization levels, and enzymatic activity. Specifically,Thelephora terrestris, the dominant fungus, had the lowest enzyme activity levels, whileSuillus pungens, the least dominant fungus, had the highest.

Discussion.Our results identify a tradeoff between competition and function in ectomycorrhizal fungi, perhaps mediated by the competing energetic demands associated with competitive interactions and enzymatic production. These data suggest that mechanisms such as active partner maintenance by host trees may be important to maintaining “high-quality” ectomycorrhizal fungal partners in natural systems.
Development of Melanoma and Other Nonkeratinocyte Skin Cancers After Thyroid Cancer Radiation
Authors: Rezaei Shawheen J. , Chen Michael L. , Kim Jiyeong , John Esther M. , Sunwoo John B. , Linos Eleni
Published: September 2024

This cohort study evaluates the association between thyroid malignant neoplasms and melanoma and other nonkeratinocyte skin cancers.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting CD19 and GCC in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Naifei , Pu Chengfei , Zhao Lingling , Li Wei , Wang Chang , Zhu Ruihong , Liang Tingting , Niu Chao , Huang Xi , Tang Haiyang , Wang Yizhuo , Yang Hang , Jia Beibei , Jiang Xianyang , Han Guiting , Wang Wensheng , Chen Dongqi , Wang Yiming , Rowinsky Eric K. , Kennedy Eugene , Lu Victor X. , Cui Guozhen , Wu Zhao , Xiao Lei , Cui Jiuwei
Published: September 2024

Importance

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CART) has transformed the treatment landscape of hematologic cancer, but has negligible effects for adult solid cancers. In this trial, an autologous CAR T-cell product demonstrated antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of guanylate cyclase-C (GCC19) CART in participants with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This single-arm, nonrandomized, phase 1 trial was conducted at the First Hospital of Jilin University from December 3, 2020, to April 13, 2022. Data analysis was conducted from May 2022 to April 2024. Adults with relapsed and refractory mCRC expressing GCC were treated with GCC19CART, a mixture of autologous CAR T cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing genes that encode either CD-19 CAR or GCC CAR.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Safety and tolerability of CAR T-cell therapy targeting GCC in patients with mCRC without therapeutic options is capable of conferring a reasonable likeliness of clinical benefit. Other outcomes included objective response rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and immune activation.

Results

Of 15 patients 9 (60%) were women, and the median (range) age was 44 (33-61) years. Treatment with GCC19CART was associated with the development of cytokine release syndrome and diarrhea in most patients, all of which were self-limited and manageable. The objective response rate was 40%, with a partial response in 2 of 8 and 4 of 7 patients treated with either 1 × 106 cells/kg or 2 × 106 cells/kg. Median overall survival was 22.8 months (95% CI, 13.4-26.1) at data cutoff; the median progress-free survival was 6.0 months in the high dose level group (95% CI, 3.0 to not available).

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this nonrandomized clinical trial suggest that GCC19CART was safe and tolerable in heavily pretreated patients with mCRC and is the first CAR T-cell therapy known to produce objective clinical activity in refractory cancer. Given the paucity of effective therapeutics developed for colorectal cancer in recent decades, the observation that CD-19 CART target engagement can robustly induce GCC19CART target engagement sufficient to produce objective activity may serve as a foundation to develop effective cellular therapy in mCRC and other solid cancers.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000040645
Synchysis Scintillans After Long-Standing History of Retinal Detachment
Authors: Yang Zuyi , Chen Youxin , Zhao Xinyu
Published: September 2024

This case report discusses a diagnosis of synchysis scintillans in a patient aged 77 years with a history of retinal detachment and no light perception vision in the left eye.
2D Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Analysis of the Assembly of Low‐Temperature Cofired Ceramics/Low‐Temperature Cofired Ceramics and Si/Si Sandwiches by Reactive Bonding
Authors: Yuile Adam , Schulz Alexander , Wiss Erik , Müller Jens , Wiese Steffen
Published: September 2024

Numerical computational fluid dynamics simulations have been performed on 2D sandwich models to compare the performance of low‐temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC)/LTCC and Si/Si sandwiches used in reactive bonding. In the sandwich model layers of solder, silver and a reactive multilayer used to bond the substrates are modeled. Additional to this, the surrounding air environment is also modeled. For simulating the heat released by the multilayer system, a user‐defined function in the form of a square wave is written for the heat source with a defined width, corresponding to the reaction width, and this propagates at a fixed speed. Two sandwiches, one with LTCC/LTCC, and the other with Si/Si, are simulated and their response analyzed in terms of the solidification/melting of the solder and their respective time–temperature histories.
Automated Workflow for Phase‐Field Simulations: Unveiling the Impact of Heat‐Treatment Parameters on Bainitic Microstructure in Steel
Authors: Nerella Dhanunjaya K. , Ali Muhammad Adil , Salama Hesham , Gulbay Oguz , Ackermann Marc , Shchyglo Oleg , Krupp Ulrich , Steinbach Ingo
Published: September 2024

Bainitic steels are extensively utilized across various sectors, such as the automotive and railway industries, owing to their impressive mechanical properties, including strength, hardness, and fatigue resistance. However, the pursuit of achieving the desired optimal mechanical properties presents considerable challenges due to the intricate bainitic microstructures consisting of multiple phases. To tackle these challenges, an automated workflow is used for extracting 2D and 3D microstructural features. The proposed method allows for a detailed examination of the correlations between microstructure characteristics and the processing parameters, specifically the holding temperature during transformation. In these findings, it is revealed that as the holding temperature decreases, there is a notable reduction in microstructural element size and carbon partitioning. Some of the observations are microstructural features such as area, perimeter, and thickness of the bainitic ferrite grains under two different holding temperatures. Phase‐field simulations results show that the microstructures at lower holding temperatures have finer grains. The distributions of grain areas and perimeters are uniform, with smaller grains dominating at low and high isothermal holding temperatures. While the grain thickness measurements from simulations and experiments at high temperature are qualitatively aligned, data from low temperatures show discrepancies.
Fabrication and Customization of Highly Porous PLGA Membranes Utilizing Near‐Field Electrospinning, Thermal Transitions, and Multilayer Strategies
Authors: Na Noori , Kim Minju , Kim Jungkyu , Chang Jiyoung
Published: September 2024

Polymer porous membranes are crucial in various applications, including water filtration, tissue engineering, and drug administration. Conventional far‐field electrospinning (FFES) is widely used for producing polymeric membranes due to its cost‐effectiveness, scalability, and flexibility in using many polymers. However, FFES has limitations in controlling pore form and size, as it produces randomly oriented fibers that lead to inconsistent and noncustomizable pore sizes. To address these limitations, this work combines near‐field electrospinning (NFES) with thermal treatment of polymer fibers and membranes. NFES offers more precise control over fiber placement and alignment, producing well‐defined fiber patterns with consistent and customizable pore sizes without compromising the thickness of membranes. By exploring the interplay between polymer behavior, thermal effects, and capillary action, the differences in pore area under various temperatures and fiber spacings are characterized. Additionally, this study investigates the influence of multilayer infusion on pore size and geometric arrangement by examining multilayer configurations stacked at various angles. The results indicate that increasing the number of layers leads to decreased pore size, while the alignment of infused fibers affects pore shape. This integrated approach enhances control over membrane characteristics, improving the performance and consistency of polymer porous membrane fabrication across various applications.
Smart Antibacterial Coatings with On‐Demand Drug Release and Real‐Time Monitoring
Authors: Li Haotian , Zhang Linjun , Liang Bo , Xue Hongrui , Cao Huan , Li Zhen , Yang Lei , Li Yiwen
Published: September 2024

Smart antibacterial coatings with surface‐independent methods, on‐demand antibiotic release, and real‐time drug loading monitoring capabilities have attracted increasing interest in the fields of medical devices, antibiotics delivery platforms, and implantable devices. Addressing the complexity inherent in existing methods, this work innovates by simplifying the synthesis process and integrating aminoglycosides with metallosupramolecules to develop versatile and effective coatings. These coatings not only exhibit exceptional biological activity and efficient antibacterial properties both in vitro and in vivo, but also enable high drug loading and controlled release. Significantly, their application across various devices has demonstrated profound therapeutic effects in treating implant infections and promoting bacterial wound healing. A key advancement of these coatings is the integration of color‐changing indicators for real‐time monitoring of drug levels, enhancing the precision of wound care, and facilitating timely clinical interventions. This research marks a significant stride in the development of more accessible, bioactive, and smart antibacterial materials, opening new avenues in the field of smart medical coatings.
Reduced‐Dimensional Perovskites: Quantum Well Thickness Distribution and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Cheng Yuanzhuang , Wan Haoyue , Sargent Edward H. , Ma Dongxin
Published: September 2024

Reduced‐dimensional perovskites (RDPs), a large category of metal halide perovskites, have attracted considerable attention and shown high potential in the fields of solid‐state displays and lighting. RDPs feature a quantum‐well‐based structure and energy funneling effects. The multiple quantum well (QW) structure endows RDPs with superior energy transfer and high luminescence efficiency. The effect of QW confinement directly depends on the number of inorganic octahedral layers (QW thickness, i.e., n value), so the distribution of n values determines the optoelectronic properties of RDPs. Here, it is focused on the QW thickness distribution of RDPs, detailing its effect on the structural characteristics, carrier recombination dynamics, optoelectronic properties, and applications in light‐emitting diodes. The reported distribution control strategies is also summarized and discuss the current challenges and future trends of RDPs. This review aims to provide deep insight into RDPs, with the hope of advancing their further development and applications.
2D MoSe2 Geometrically Asymmetric Schottky Photodiodes
Authors: Ghanbari Hamidreza , Abnavi Amin , Ahmadi Ribwar , Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza , Fawzy Mirette , Hasani Amirhossein , Adachi Michael M.
Published: September 2024

Optoelectronic devices based on geometrically asymmetric architecture have recently attracted attention due to their high performance as photodetectors and simple fabrication process. Herein, a p‐type 2D MoSe2 photodetector based on geometrically asymmetric contacts is reported for the first time. The device exhibits a high current rectification ratio of ≈104 and a large self‐powered photovoltage responsivity of ≈4.38 × 107 V W−1, as well as a maximum photocurrent responsivity of ≈430 mA W−1 along with a response time of ≈2.3 ms under 470 nm wavelength at 3 V bias voltage. The photocurrent responsivity is further enhanced to an ultrahigh responsivity of ≈1615 mA W−1 by applying a gate bias voltage due to the electrostatic modulation of carrier concentration in the MoSe2 channel. The simple fabrication process of the geometrically asymmetric MoSe2 diodes along with their high photodetection and diode rectifying performance make them excellent candidates for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Physics of Ferroelectric Wurtzite Al1−xScxN Thin Films
Authors: Yang Feng
Published: September 2024

Al1−xScxN emerges as a revolutionary ferroelectric material within the III‐N family. It combines exceptional switchable polarization (80–165 µC cm−2), highly tunable coercive fields (1.5–6.5 MV cm−¹), and a wide bandgap (4.9–5.6 eV). Unlike conventional ferroelectrics, Al1−xScxN exhibits remarkable compatibility with both CMOS and III‐N technologies. It can be fabricated on plastic substrates at low temperatures, demonstrating excellent flexibility and biocompatibility. Remarkably, Al1−xScxN maintains superior performance in harsh environments due to its outstanding thermal stability (up to 1100 °C). These unique characteristics position Al1−xScxN as a highly promising candidate for a wide range of applications, including high‐performance memory, in‐memory computing, neuromorphic computing, and next‐generation wearable and implantable devices, particularly for operation in complex environments. Despite its potential, Al1−xScxN faces challenges such as high coercive fields, significant leakage currents, and limited polarization reversal cycle life. Addressing these challenges require a deeper understanding of the fundamental physics controlling Al1−xScxN films. This review explores the origins of Al1−xScxN's ferroelectricity and phase stability, delves into the fundamental theory of wurtzite ferroelectricity, investigates mechanisms for controlling spontaneous polarization and coercive fields, examines recent research progress in Al1−xScxN ferroelectric devices, and outlines future development directions for this exciting material.
Backward differentiation formula method and random forest method to solve continuous‐time differential Riccati equations
Authors: Zhang Juan , Zou Wenwen , Sui Chenglin
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we explore the utilization of machine learning techniques for solving the numerical solutions of continuous‐time differential Riccati equations. Specifically, we focus on generating a reduction matrix capable of transforming a high‐order matrix into a low‐order matrix. Additionally, we address the issue of differential terms in the continuous‐time differential Riccati equation and incorporate the backward differentiation formula of the matrix to improve stability and accuracy. Finally, by training samples through neural networks and machine learning methods, we could predict the solutions for high‐order matrix equations.
Comparison of ultrasound assisted and intraoperative diameter measurement in acute appendicitis
Authors: Bilgili Y. Doruk , Güvenç B. Haluk
Published: September 2024

Detailed anamnesis and systematic physical examination are often relevant in the diagnostic routine of acute appendicitis. However, physicians are increasingly motivated to obtain radiological approval. Inherent limitations due to radiologists' experience and the presenting anatomy may result in contradictory outcomes between the described and intraoperative findings. In this study, a comparison of anthropometric measurements of the appendix vermiformis obtained by radiologists and surgeons in children with acute appendicitis is discussed. The external appendiceal diameter in 53 patients who underwent surgery between April 2022 and January 2024 was measured at three different anatomical locations during preoperative ultrasound and intraoperatively with the help of Vernier calipers. Appendectomy materials were classified into negative, acute, and complicated appendicitis subgroups on the basis of histopathological results. The widest median diameter, expressed in millimeters, was analyzed statistically in terms of diagnostic accuracy. Histopathological analysis revealed negative appendectomy in 15.1%, acute appendicitis in 66%, and complicated appendicitis in 18.8% of the patients. The median age at presentation was 11.4 years (4–17.3 years), and 45.3% of the patients were females. The average median appendiceal diameter was 7.8 ± 2.4 mm according to the caliper and 7.9 ± 2.7 mm according to ultrasound (p > 0.05). The evaluation by the caliper revealed a much smaller diameter in 19 patients than did ultrasound. The appendiceal diameter of eight documented negative appendectomy samples was 7 mm or greater. US failed to identify the presence of an appendicolith in 11 cases (20.8%), all of which were disclosed during histopathological evaluation. It is possible to conclude that ultrasound and intraoperative anthropometric measurements correlate according to our study. Diagnostic accuracy, however, which is individually based on ultrasound appendix diameter values greater than 6 mm, is controversial. It is clear that comparison and further reinterpretation of such anthropometric measurements in light of histopathological consequences may help diminish the frequency of negative and perforated appendectomies.
Computational Insight into Transition Metal Atoms Anchored on B2C3P as Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Jiang Liwei , Liu Chengsong , Yang Zhijun , He Chaozheng , Song Wei , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2024

NH3 is not only an important chemical raw material but also a high‐energy storage chemical with zero carbon. Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), which can be driven by clean electric energy under ambient conditions, has become a promising technology for NH3 synthesis due to its environmentally friendly properties. Because of the limitations of low yield and high overpotential, efficient catalysts are urgently needed to solve this problem. In this study, based on density functional theory method and high throughput screening strategy, the NRR was investigated on transition metal single atom anchored to 2D B2C3P surface (TM@B2C3P) as single‐atom catalysts (SACs). The results showed that V@B2C3P and Ti@B2C3P have good catalytic properties, and the limiting potentials were −0.10 and −0.24 V, respectively. Furthermore, the charge density difference and crystal orbital Hamilton population calculations demonstrated that the high catalytic activity can be attributed to the obvious charge transfer between TM@B2C3P and the adsorption intermediates. It is hoped that this work can play a certain role in exploring the application of SACs in NRR.
Mapping Electrophile Chemoselectivity in DalPhos/Nickel N‐Arylation Catalysis: The Unusual Influence of Remote Sterics
Authors: Fox Peter L. , Choi Jeongin , Johnson Erin R. , Stradiotto Mark
Published: September 2024

We disclose herein our evaluation of competitive (hetero)aryl‐X (X: Br>Cl>OTf) reactivity preferences in bisphosphine/Ni‐catalyzed C−N cross‐coupling catalysis, using furfurylamine as a prototypical nucleophile, and employing DalPhos and DPPF as representative ancillary ligands with established efficacy. Beyond this general (pseudo)halide ranking, other intriguing structure‐reactivity trends were noted experimentally, including the unexpected observation that bulky alkyl (e. g., R=tBu) substitution in para‐R‐aryl‐X electrophiles strongly discourages (pseudo)halide reactivity relative to smaller substituents (e. g., nBu, Et, Me), despite being both remote from, and having a similar electronic influence on, the reacting C−X bond; such effects on nickel oxidative addition have not been documented previously and were not observed in our comparator reactions presented herein involving palladium. Density functional theory modeling of such PhPAd‐DalPhos/Ni‐catalyzed C−N cross‐couplings revealed the origins of competitive turnover of C−Br over C−Cl, and possible ways in which bulky para‐alkyl substitution might discourage net electrophile uptake/turnover, leading to inversion of halide selectivity.
Risk stratification of ThyroSeq results in indeterminate thyroid lesions: A single‐institution experience of clinicopathologic correlation with cytologic findings
Authors: Hsiao Wen‐Yu , Saba Nabil F. , Lubin Daniel , Chen Amy , Shi Qiuying
Published: September 2024

Background

ThyroSeq offers the opportunity to stratify the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the characterization of indeterminate thyroid nodules, especially those categorized as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS). However, whether ThyroSeq interpretations correlate with cytologic features, management, and surgical outcome remains unclear.

Methods

Thyroid fine‐needle aspiration specimens categorized as AUS and follicular neoplasm (FN) from 2017 to 2021 were identified from a cytology database search. Patient clinical information and ThyroSeq results were collected and correlated with resection diagnosis if available.

Results

A total of 520 cases were classified as AUS and 111 cases were classified as FN. Within the AUS lesions, 190 cases (36.5%) were subcategorized as cytologic atypia (III‐C), 109 cases (21.0%) as architectural atypia (III‐A), 138 cases (26.5%) as both cytologic and architectural atypia (III‐CA), and 69 cases (13.0%) as oncocytic cell aspirate (III‐O). Category III‐C showed the highest malignancy rate (16.7%; p = .29), and a higher ThyroSeq‐defined probability of cancer or noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary‐like nuclear features. Notably, within III‐C, intermediate‐risk mutations led to a significantly higher malignancy rate (46.7%; p = .0012). Conversely, III‐A had the lowest malignancy rate (9.7%) but this was significantly increased by concurrent high‐risk mutations (62.5%). BRAFV600E‐like mutations were frequently associated with III‐C and classical papillary thyroid carcinoma in histology. RAS‐like mutations were the most common alterations across all subcategories, and were frequently associated with follicular‐patterned lesions.

Conclusions

Atypia subcategories have differential ThyroSeq‐defined ROMs and histologic outcomes. Combining atypia subcategory interpretation, ThyroSeq‐defined ROMs and molecular results aids in optimal clinical management for indeterminate thyroid lesions.
Diagnostic performance of rapid on‐site evaluation during bronchoscopy for lung cancer: A comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Chieh , Lu Shou‐Cheng , Chang Yu‐Kang , Bai Chyi‐Huey , Hsiao Ke‐Yu , Lee Kang‐Yun , Wang Yuan‐Hung
Published: September 2024

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Screening high‐risk populations for lung cancer with low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality. Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to monitor patients suspected of having lung cancer after LDCT. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) can improve the diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA), although its diagnostic value remains unclear. In this meta‐analysis, the authors evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ROSE during bronchoscopy.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of ROSE for lung cancer during bronchoscopy. Studies evaluating the performance of ROSE and articles providing sufficient data for constructing a 2 × 2 table on a per‐lesion basis were included. A meta‐analysis was conducted using a bivariate random‐effects model.

Results

In total, 32 studies involving 8243 lung lesions were included with a pooled sensitivity of 91.8% and a pooled specificity of 94.9%. Subgroup analysis of 12 studies involving 2929 specimens from patients who underwent computed tomography revealed a pooled sensitivity of 93.8% and a pooled specificity of 96%. Further subgroup analysis of seven studies on the diagnostic outcomes of ROSE for intrathoracic or mediastinal lymph nodes through EBUS‐TBNA for lung cancer staging revealed a pooled sensitivity of 90.1% and a pooled specificity of 96.9%.

Conclusions

ROSE exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing lung cancer during bronchoscopy. It also exhibited high sensitivity in detecting lung cancer in patients undergoing LDCT and higher specificity for nodal staging with EBUS‐TBNA.
The Influence of Removable Complete Denture on Pro‐Oxidant Antioxidant Balance and Redox‐Sensitive Inflammation Biomarker NF‐ĸB in the Oral Cavity: An Interventional Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Bošković Mirjana , Sokolović Dušan , Stanković Saša , Ristić Ivan , Popović Jordan , Kocić Gordana
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the body's natural antioxidant defenses and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can result in serious oral diseases, including oral cancer, periodontal diseases, and oral lichen planus, through the activation of the redox‐sensitive transcription factors and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential effects of a removable complete denture on the levels of oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and catalase, and the quantitative expression of the redox‐sensitive transcription factor NF‐κB p65 subunit.

Materials and Methods

This interventional follow‐up study enrolled 40 participants of both sexes aged 28–78 years, with a median age of 56 years, where unstimulated saliva was collected before denture placement, immediately after the denture placement, and 24 h, 7 days, and 30 days after the denture placement. The most prominent ROS overproduction was reported on the seventh day (p < 0.05), followed by a significant fall in antioxidative defense.

Results

The NF‐κB p65 subunit, whose expression pattern was highest in the same time period on the seventh day, serves as a signaling molecule for redox imbalance due to ROS production. Over the next 30 days, its levels remained moderately increased compared to the basal value, which may influence pro‐inflammatory pathways and the integrity of oral tissue components. These alterations may be induced by the dentures, which can produce high pressures on the supporting tissues or by the synthetic materials used for producing the dentures.

Conclusion

Our research may help to clarify the potential pathways by which oxidative stress and redox‐sensitive inflammatory mediators, as well as mechanical and chemical irritants, may serve as risk factors for premalignant lesions in the mouth. Further research on this topic is required to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the relationship between inflammation and oral premalignant lesions caused by mechanical and chemical irritation.
Shaping tomorrow's managers: The influence of university education on economics students' attitudes toward corporate social responsibility and labor unions
Authors: Zientara Piotr , Adamska Joanna , Bąk Monika
Published: September 2024

University education significantly shapes individual values and views, influencing future managers' approaches to CSR and labor relations. This study, employing a survey and experimental vignette methodology, examines the impact of university education on economics students' attitudes toward CSR and organized labor. Our results indicate that while overall attitudes toward CSR remained stable, students showed a slight shift toward profit orientation when faced with real‐life managerial scenarios. There was also a decline in support for labor unions over the academic year, possibly due to neoliberal perspectives in teaching. A key finding is the emergence of a profit‐oriented mindset among economics students, reflecting broader managerial considerations. The study underscores the importance of examining how theoretical knowledge translates into practical decision‐making contexts and suggests the need for a nuanced understanding of CSR and labor union attitudes among economics students, thereby contributing to the discussion on higher education's role in shaping future business leaders.
Generation and Application of Sulfur Ylides in Light‐Mediated Transformations
Authors: Singh Davas Daksh , Bhardwaj Srashti , Kumar Vishwakarma Ramesh , Vaitla Janakiram
Published: September 2024

Sulfur ylides are essential reagents in various organic reactions like epoxidation and cyclopropanation. While traditionally employed in ionic chemistry, recent advancements in visible‐light‐driven photocatalysis reveal their potential as sources of radicals or free carbenes. The photochemical or photocatalytic generation of reactive intermediates using sulfur ylides expands the utility of these reagents in modern organic synthesis, offering sustainable solutions to emerging challenges. Despite early demonstrations in the 1960s, the past years have witnessed a surge in photochemical methods utilizing sulfur ylides as precursors. The use of redox‐active photocatalysts has facilitated numerous radical reactions. This review consolidates key findings in sulfur ylide chemistry, particularly focusing on photo‐mediated reactions, to stimulate further research interest in this dynamic field.
Slow depolarizing electrical stimuli reveal differential time courses of nociceptor recovery after prolonged topical capsaicin in human skin
Authors: Tumbala Gutti Divya , Carr Richard , Schmelz Martin , Rukwied Roman
Published: September 2024

Background

We examined de‐functionalization and temporal functional recovery of C‐nociceptor evoked pain after topical 8% capsaicin applied for 4 consecutive days.

Methods

Capsaicin and placebo patches were applied to human forearm skin (n = 14). Cold, warmth and heat pain thresholds, pain NRS to electrical and thermal (48°C, 5 s) stimuli and axon reflex flare were recorded weekly for 49 days. Mechanical and heat sensitive (‘polymodal’) nociceptors were activated by single electrical half‐period sinusoidal pulses (0.5 s, 1 Hz). Mechanical and heat insensitive (‘silent’) nociceptors were activated by 4 Hz sinusoidal stimuli.

Results

Capsaicin abolished heat pain. Sensation to electrical sinusoidal stimulation was reduced but never abolished during the treatment. Pain to electrical 1 Hz ‘polymodal’ nociceptor stimulation took longer to recover than pain ratings to 4 Hz 2.5 s sinusoidal stimulation activating ‘polymodal’ and ‘silent’ nociceptors (35 vs. 21 days). Heat pain was indifferent to placebo from day 21–49. Axon reflex flare was abolished during capsaicin and only recovered to ~50% even after 49 days.

Conclusions

Capsaicin abolishes heat transduction at terminal nociceptive endings, whereas small‐diameter axons sensitive to sinusoidal electrical stimulation can still be activated. 1 Hz depolarizing stimuli evoke burst discharges, as demonstrated before, and recover slower after capsaicin than single pulses induced by 4 Hz. The difference in recovery suggests differential time course of functional regeneration for C‐nociceptor sub‐types after capsaicin. All sensations recovered completely within 7 weeks in healthy subjects. Our findings contrast analgesia lasting for months in spontaneous neuropathic pain patients treated with 8% capsaicin.

Significance

Sinusoidal electrical stimulation can still activate small diameter axons desensitized to heat after 4 consecutive days of topical 8% capsaicin application and reveals differential temporal functional regeneration of C‐nociceptor sub‐types. Electrical sinusoidal stimulation may detect such axons that no longer respond to heat stimuli in neuropathic skin.
Synthesis of Eu3+ doped magnesium aluminate spinel via combustion method: Investigation of thermodynamics, crystal structure, microstructure, and luminescence properties
Authors: Ghodrati Mehran , Rafiaei Seyed Mahdi
Published: September 2024

In the current research, the rare earth‐doped magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4:Eu3+) spinels were produced by the combustion synthesis method. The employment of thermodynamic calculations revealed that the combustion approach is a proper way to synthesize MgAl2O4:Eu3+ material by urea fuel, although this procedure was fulfilled at 500°C, the final temperature will be around 2030°C. The x‐ray and FT‐IR spectra confirmed the successful formation of spinels, while it was shown that the calcination procedure results in a significant increase of crystallinity. On the other hand, it was interestingly seen that the addition of large amounts of Eu3+dopant (10 wt%) suppresses the crystallinity. The MAUD calculations interestingly revealed that the increase of Eu3+ dopant from 1 to 10 wt% leads to the increase of MgO and Al2O3 impurities. The related microstructural evaluations revealed that the particle size of the synthesized powders is mostly less than 40 nm which shows the superiority of combustion synthesis over other commercial methods. Also, the broadening of XRD peaks confirmed the formation of nano‐sized powder. The photoluminescence (PL) characterizations showed that doping of MgAl2O4 with 7 wt% Eu3+ brings the most intensive emission properties at the wavelengths of 592 and 617 nm.
Isolated congenital arhinia: Fetal magnetic resonance imaging and pediatric computed tomography 3D reconstructions, long‐term follow‐up and review of the literature
Authors: Castro Pedro Teixeira , Matos Ana Paula Pinho , Ribeiro Gerson , Fazecas Tatiana , Araujo Júnior Edward , Werner Heron
Published: September 2024

The complete absence of the nose, arhinia, is a malformation most often associated with severe brain malformations. However, arhinia can be isolated, but only a few cases have been described. The prenatal diagnosis of isolated arhinia is also rarely described, with only three cases describing their follow‐up, mostly in the first months of life. In this case report, we describe the prenatal diagnosis of isolated arhinia and the long‐term follow‐up of 8 years with normal psychological and cognitive development. We also demonstrated the fetal magnetic resonance imaging and pediatric computed tomography three‐dimensional reconstructions of the face.
Optimal Blind Focusing on Perturbation‐Inducing Targets in Sub‐Unitary Complex Media
Authors: Sol Jérôme , Le Magoarou Luc , del Hougne Philipp
Published: September 2024

The scattering of waves in a complex medium is perturbed by polarizability changes or displacements of embedded targets. These perturbations can serve as perfectly non‐invasive guidestars for focusing on the targets. Here, a fundamental but to‐date overlooked difference between these two perturbation types is theoretically derived: the change of the scattering matrix is of rank one [two] for a polarizability change [displacement] of a point‐like target; optimal strategies to perfectly focus on the target in both cases are identified accordingly. In particular, in the latter case, optimal focusing requires at least two target displacements. Furthermore, for the case of dynamic complex media additionally featuring parasitic perturbers, a non‐invasive scheme to achieve optimal time‐averaged power delivery to a perturbation‐inducing target is established. In all cases, no assumptions about the unitarity of the system's scattering matrix or the perturbation strength are necessary. All results are experimentally demonstrated in the microwave regime using a strongly sub‐unitary lossy chaotic cavity as a complex medium. The experiments highlight that the target's “structural scattering” is irrelevant [must be negligible] in the case of target polarizability changes [displacements]. The presented results are expected to find applications in communications, cybersecurity, wireless bioelectronics, flow‐cytometry, and self‐propelled nano‐swimmers.