bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
the transformation of an Indonesian property system: adat, Islam, and social change in the Gayo highlands
Authors: BOWEN JOHN R.
Published: November 2004

In Indonesia, the civil and Islamic judiciaries have sought to integrate local property systems into national and Islamic legal frameworks. The rise of cash‐cropping and an Islamic reformist ideology have created local demands for new forms of property transmission. This essay examines the mediating role played by reinter‐pretations of adat (tradition, custom, social system, propriety) in the transformation of property transmission in Gayo society of highland Sumatra. Gayo have contextualized the social messages of the courts in a way that has preserved central ideas of social continuity. Other Sumatran societies are contrasted with the Gayo and used to develop a broader comparison of Indonesian and African social change.
Japanology bashing
Authors: KELLY WILLIAM
Published: November 2004

Images of Japanese Society. ROSS MOUER and YOSHIO SUGIMOTO.

Nihongo: In Defense of Japanese. ROY ANDREW MILLER.

The Myth of Japanese Uniqueness. PETER N. DALE.
“adapted for heaven”: conversion and culture in western Sicily
Authors: CUCCHIARI SALVATORE
Published: November 2004

This paper examines the phenomenological and sociocultural character of Sicilian Pentecostal conversion and compares this transformational experience to that offered by traditional Sicilian shamanic practice. The approach to religious conversion advocated here is critical of the family of approaches called “deprivation‐ideology” approach and features a view of conversion that relies on the existentialist‐psychoanalytic synthesis of Herbert Fingarette. This paper advances the idea that the comparative study of religious transformation is best furthered when the conversion experience itself is the center of investigation rather than the cause or consequence of conversion events.
Robert Redford, Apanuugpak, and the invention of tradition
Authors: FIENUP‐RIORDAN ANN
Published: November 2004

This paper describes a full‐length feature film in production in the western Alaska village of Toksook Bay. Discussion focuses on the traditional Apanuugpak story cycle and stories of traditional bow and arrow warfare from which the screenplay was developed. It analyzes discrepancies between Yup'ik Eskimo history, as understood by the anthropologist, and as both the scriptwriter and people of Toksook Bay choose to present it in the film. Detail is given on how one of the most dramatic oral accounts from the period of traditional Yup'ik bow and arrow warfare has been used by the filmmaker as a vehicle for denouncing not only warfare, but the concepts of property and territory that lie behind it. Discussion of the filmmaker's reconstruction of the indigenous world leads to a consideration of the anthropologist's reconstruction of a society as well as the natives' reconsideration of their own past. Insofar as the filmmaker's project coincides with the natives' creative re‐formation of their own history, the role of the anthropologist is not to insure “authenticity” in reference to a precelluloid past. Rather, it is to promote open dialogue between the artist seeking new symbols to carry his culture's old meanings and a community seeking new meaning in the symbols of its past.
culture and class among the “large” farmers of eastern Ireland
Authors: WILSON THOMAS M.
Published: November 2004

Since the early research of Arensberg and Kimball most anthropological accounts of Ireland have focused on the lives of post‐peasant small farmers. Commercial farmers with land, wealth and power, known in Ireland as “large farmers,” have remained u investigated in the ethnographic literature. This article explores the ways in which the big farmers of County Meath in eastern Ireland define themselves as members of the various groups of influential farmers. The effect of the modernization and internationalization of Irish society on large farmers has been to make them all increasingly part of a growing national middle class. This portrait of important changes in the culture and class relations of large farmers serves as a departure in the ethnography of the political economy of Ireland as well as an addition to the study of the Europeanization of commercial family farmers within the European Community.
Concepts of the person among the Gurungs of Nepal
Authors: McHUGH ERNESTINE L.
Published: November 2004

Anthropologists have suggested that members of some cultures in South Asia lack a notion of individuality. Data from the Gurungs of Nepal show that a high value on interrelationship does not preclude a well‐defined concept of the individual. The Gurungs are a people for whom integration in a social network is of paramount importance, yet they conceive of the person as a discrete entity with distinct needs and impulses that may run counter to demands for social cohesion. Gurung concepts of the person reflect the importance placed on social embeddedness and a recognition of an individual being that is embedded. Concepts of individuality and relatedness and the ways in which they are articulated and reconciled express tensions inherent in South Asian social life. [South Asia, person, culture and experience]
the cracked pot and the missing sheep
Authors: GILBERT MICHELLE
Published: November 2004

This essay concerns the difficulties of separating “religion” from “political” strategy and tactics, by demonstrating the place of contingencies in ritual performances and the ways they are resolved in a small Ghanaian kingdom. Two rituals are described, both of which in differing ways failed to conform to the actors' precisely and traditionally defined expectations. The rituals themselves became opportunities to realign patterns of political relations and to reinterpret and reconstruct history, and illustrate how conflict may be resolved by appeal for mediation to different levels and hierarchies of authority.[contingency in ritual, micro‐politics, symbolism, conflict resolution, spirit possession, Ghana]
when talk isn't cheap: language and political economy
Authors: IRVINE JUDITH T.
Published: November 2004

Although the classic Saussurean conception of language segregates the linguistic sign from the material world, this paper shows linguistic phenomena playing many roles in political economy. Linguistic signs may refer to aspects of an exchange system; differentiated ways of speaking may index social groups in a social division of labor; and linguistic “goods” may enter the marketplace as objects of exchange. These aspects of language are not mutually exclusive, but (instead) may coincide in the same stretch of discourse. Illustrations are drawn primarily from a rural Wolof community in Senegal. It is argued that linguistic signs are part of a political economy, not just vehicles for thinking about it. Only a conception of language as multifunctional can give an adequate view of the relations between language and the material world, and evade a false dichotomy between “idealists” and “materialists.”[language, political economy, sociolinguistics, semiotic theory, Senegal]
sentences in the language prison: the rhetorical structuring of an American language policy debate
Authors: WOOLARD KATHRYN A.
Published: November 2004

The anti‐bilingual movement in the United States is a status movement, but a simple “status politics” analysis does not fully capture its dynamics. Such movements are neither homogeneous nor merely reflective of social structure, but express internal ambivalence and organize sociopolitical change through rhetorical processes. I analyze texts produced in San Francisco's 1983 campaign against bilingual ballots in order to account for the initiative's broad appeal. Rhetorical tropes and recurring themes shift the target of the campaign to aspects of political process of which a wide spectrum of Americans are suspicious, projecting fears onto outsiders and constructing a familiarly benevolent meaning for the initiative.[American politics, language policy, status movements, discourse analysis, ideology]
“If you caint get the boat, take a log”: cultural reinterpretation in the Afro‐Baptist ritual
Authors: PITTS WALTER
Published: November 2004

The theory of cultural reinterpretation was Melville J. Herskovits' explanation for the retention of African elements in black cultures in the western hemisphere. Although this theory conflicted with prevailing sociopolitical ideas of racial integration when he first introduced it, Herskovits nevertheless provided African Americans with a cross‐cultural framework of analysis for evaluating their cultural past. This paper reexamines the validity of his theory in light of the religious ritual in a southern Afro‐Baptist church. Using James Fernandez's concept of the metaphoric frame as the basis of religious ritual, I demonstrate that the Afro‐Baptist ritual exploits speech and song variety to preserve a structure inherited from an African past. Reinterpretation becomes a feasible explanation for the similarities between the Afro‐Baptist ritual in the United States and those in other Afro‐American societies. Sociopolitical and economic factors found in diverse slave systems determined the morphology of various African‐derived religious rituals in different regions of the diaspora.[Afro‐American studies, ritual performance, ethnomusicology, sociolinguistics, Creole languages]
anthropologizing America
Authors: LöFGREN ORVAR
Published: November 2004

All That Is Native and Fine: The Politics of Culture in an American Region. DAVID E. WHISNANT. Chapel Hill:

Klnshlp and Pllgrlmage: Rituals of Reunion in American Protestant Culture. GWEN KENNEDY NEVILLE.

Wheeling and Dealing: An Ethnography of an Upper‐Level Drug Deallng and Smuggling Community. PATRICIA A. ADLER.

Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity 7920‐1940. ROLAND MARCHAND.
the surrogate colonization of Palestine, 1917–1939
Authors: ATRAN SCOTT
Published: November 2004

The “surrogate colonization” of Palestine had a foreign power giving to a non‐native group rights over land occupied by an indigenous people. It thus brought into play the complementary and conflicting agendas of three culturally distinguishable parties: British, Jews and Arabs. Each party had both “externalist” [those with no sustained practical experience of day to day life in Palestine] and “internalist” representatives. The surrogate idea was based on a “strategic consensus” involving each party's externalist camp: the British ruling elite, the leadership of the World Zionist Organization and the Hashemite Dynasty of Arabia. The collapse of this triangular consensus, which put an end to the policy but not the process of surrogate colonization, resulted from irreconcilable antagonisms within and between the major currents of each internalist camp. A focus on the land problem in Palestine highlights contradictions in each party's internalist agenda, which forestalled a rift between the Jewish and British sides of the consensus long enough for the Zionist settlement in Palestine (Yishuv) to acquire territory and to develop a largely self‐sufficient economic, cultural, political and military infrastructure.[Palestine, Zionism, British empire, fellaheen, land settlement]
Blood of the Leviathan: Western contact and warfare in Amazonia
Authors: FERGUSON R. BRIAN
Published: November 2004

This article argues that reported wars among Native peoples of Amazonia are not representative of pre‐Columbian warfare. The well‐known cases that are the bases for our conceptions of Amazonian warfare, as well as dozens of less prominent instances of war, can be attributed largely to circumstances created by the European intrusion. The broader implication is that anthropological theory and teaching about war are distorted by an unexamined premise that reported cases of war among nonstate or tribal peoples are self‐generated phenomena. [warfare, Amazonia, Western contact, anthropology and history, the Columbian encounter]
who gets ahead? cognitive responses to heteroglossia in American political culture
Authors: STRAUSS CLAUDIA
Published: November 2004

Theories of social practice too often ignore the mediating role of cognitive schemas. This is especially the case in studies of blue‐collar workers, whose discourse, taken out of context, seems so inconsistent as to suggest the absence of organized beliefs. This article analyzes the discourse of some Rhode Island workingmen and proposes that they internalize conflicting social ideologies in one of three ways. These three forms of cognitive organization, obscured by superficially similar discourse, mediate behavior differently and respond differently under pressure to change. This model challenges traditional theories of belief. [ideology, cognitive schemas, discourse analysis, working‐class consciousness, American political culture]
Concepts for the study of regional culture
Authors: LOMNITZ‐ADLER CLAUDIO
Published: November 2004

This article proposes a terminology and conceptual framework for studying culture in internally differentiated regional spaces. In the first section I discuss the insights and limitations of regional analysis, poststructuralist theory, and Marxist geography regarding the study of regional culture. I then develop the idea of regional culture as culture in power regions; I propose several concepts that specify key areas for the ethnographic description of regional culture and hegemony. The utility of this framework is illustrated with examples from two Mexican regions.
the Taos Pueblo Matachines: ritual symbolism and interethnic relations
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ SYLVIA
Published: November 2004

This article analyzes the Matachines dance at Taos Pueblo as a ritual‐symbolic expression of the history and character of Indian‐Mexicano relations in the Taos Valley. Details of the dance are examined with reference to the history and ecology of Taos, including the overall pattern of interethnic village relations established around the Pueblo. The analysis focuses on the Abuelos, or clowns, and the burlesques they perform during the three‐day Christmas performance. These burlesques appear to refer metaphorically and ironically to a shared Indo‐Hispano heritage of conquest, competition, and miscegenation.
Outside the imagined community: undocumented settlers and experiences of incorporation
Authors: CHAVEZ LEO R.
Published: November 2004

This article argues that, because they accumulate economic and social linkages to U.S. society, many undocumented Mexican and Central American immigrants intend to stay in the United States and imagine themselves to be part of the community. However, because the larger society views them as outsiders, undocumented settlers cannot be fully incorporated into the larger society. They remain marginal members of the community, continually seeking an end to their liminal status.
do the natives prefer Durkheim?
Authors: GREENHOUSE CAROL J.
Published: November 2004

The Moral Order of a Suburb. M. P. BAUMGARTNER.

Pilgrims of Paradox: Calvinism and Experience among the Primitive Baptists of the Blue Ridge. JAMES L. PEACOCK and RUEL W. TYSON, JR.

The Southern Baptists: A Subculture in Transition. ELLEN M. ROSENBERG.
Bartók's funeral: representations of Europe in Hungarian political rhetoric
Authors: GAL SUSAN
Published: November 2004

This article analyzes the rhetorical structure of a single set of events—the reburial of Béla Bartók's body in Budapest—and shows how these events were a constitutive part of political processes in Hungarian state socialism during the 1980s. Arguing for a processual approach to the relationship between discursive structure and event, the analysis shows that the funeral was a response to political opposition, a response made by intellectuals speaking for the state. Ironically, although the funeral was orchestrated by the state, its rhetoric reproduced the durable discourse about Europe and national identity that critical intellectuals had (re)introduced into public debate and that state socialism in Hungary had tried to suppress. The semiotic structure of this discourse shaped not only the rhetoric of the funeral but, more broadly, the way educated Hungarians understood political‐economic change. [political language, rhetoric, national identity, Europe and Hungary]
ethnography, fiction, and the meanings of the past in Brittany
Authors: BADONE ELLEN
Published: November 2004

Adopting a reflexive approach, this article interprets a recently created healing ritual in Brittany that integrates local 19th‐century notions about the curative powers of prehistoric monuments with diverse elements from non‐Breton sources. Parallels are noted between this New Age therapy and witchcraft, an older explanatory framework for illness and misfortune in Brittany. The therapeutic discourse associated with the ritual draws on the past and on exotic cultures to construct a meaningful cosmology. Therefore, this discourse—like the New Age movement as a whole—has much in common with anthropology, which, it is suggested, provides Western society with an ordered vision of the world. [Brittany, New Age healing, witchcraft, interpretation of the past, anthropology as cosmology]
the political economy of changing property rights: dismantling a pastoral commons
Authors: ENSMINGER JEAN , RUTTEN ANDREW
Published: November 2004

Economic growth has led to the breakdown of systems of common grazing in many African pastoral societies. These systems continue to fail because economic differentiation and diversification prevent pastoralists from agreeing on a replacement system. We develop a new institutional model of this process. Our analysis focuses on changes in the economics and politics of pastoral property rights and on public attitudes about the distribution of the costs and benefits of those changes. We apply our model to the case of the Galole Orma of Kenya. [new institutional economics, political economy, commons, pastoralism, Africa, property rights]
the sexual division of labor and the organization of family and firm in an overseas Chinese community
Authors: BASU ELLEN OXFELD
Published: November 2004

Scholars of the Chinese entrepreneurial ethic describe married women's primary entrepreneurial strategy as an indirect one—motivating sons to work hard for the family. Research in a community of overseas Chinese entrepreneurs, however, reveals diversity in married women's strategies. After cross‐tabulating a number of variables, including family type, spatial organization, and firm size, this article concludes that firm size is the most influential factor with respect to women's strategies and roles. Its impact is explained in terms of the relationship of entrepreneurial ideology to Chinese family relationships and sex roles. [China, women, entre‐preneurship, developmental cycle, sexual division of labor]
Magical misfortune in Locorotondo
Authors: GALT ANTHONY H.
Published: November 2004

In this article I describe and discuss magical causes of misfortune in the southern Italian town of Locorotondo, interpreting them as one of several possible sets of elaborating symbols that local peasants use to conceptualize and understand misfortune. These causes have various moral implications, and they reflect significant values emerging from local historical experience. [Italy, magic, misfortune, values, peasants, symbolism]
lack of prayer: ritual restrictions, social experience, and the anthropology of menstruation among the Tuareg
Authors: RASMUSSEN SUSAN J.
Published: November 2004

Menstrual taboos, I argue, can be understood only in relation to other ritual restrictions, ones observed by men as well as women, and have significant implications for our understanding of female ritual roles. Gender imagery in Tuareg menstrual ritual and cosmology is used as a metaphor for relations between participants in wider socioeconomic contexts, and it forms a symbolic medium of conflict and ambiguity for Tuareg men and women. In this article, ritual restrictions are seen as an idiom through which struggles and paradoxes are presented and individual responses to predicaments are encoded. They constitute efforts to control descent and to protect the statuses of both men and women; they represent a reflection on the subject of the differentiation of noble and nomadic values from other, competing values in Tuareg society. The bases of this differentiation do not fall into rigid polarities between male and female, “official” and “unofficial” religion. Ritual restrictions on women serve not to protect Islam or Tuareg men but to preserve the identity and lifestyle of the traditional Tuareg nobility. [gender, religion and systems of thought, Africa]
Wealth production, ritual consumption, and center/periphery relations in a West African regional system
Authors: PIOT CHARLES D.
Published: November 2004

This article analyzes the political economy of a regional system of rural communities among the Kabre of northern Togo (West Africa). Noting that other models used to analyze West African regional systems fail to capture the cultural logic of the Kabre system, the article argues that only through a cultural‐symbolic analysis which recognizes the holistic underpinnings of Kabre society may one comprehend the complex hierarchies that constitute this regional system. [regional systems, West Africa, markets, ritual, Togo]
the inversion of tradition
Authors: THOMAS NICHOLAS
Published: November 2004

The extensive literature on inventions of tradition and identity in the Pacific has dealt mostly with reifications that are positively upheld by the people under consideration. This article traces some changes in cultural objectifications over various phases of the encounter between islanders and colonizers, examining the ways in which the recognition of both others and selves made particular practices and customs emblematic of whole ways of life. The fact that these generalized constructions of customary ways can be negated as well as affirmed may have broad ramifications for the ways anthropologists think about culture. [tradition, identity, invention, colonialism, Pacific Islands]
Interpreting social movements: Bolivian resistance to economic conditions imposed by the International Monetary Fund
Authors: NASH JUNE
Published: November 2004

Interpretive anthropology taken as a goal in itself tends to preclude the concrete, historically situated analyses that are the core of ethnographic studies. However, attention to specific aspects of action and discourse in the various moments of a social movement's unfolding may enhance our understanding of that movement. This article analyzes a protest against conditions imposed by the International Monetary Fund for the payment of Bolivia's national debt, seeking to show how the various participants interpreted the events in which they were involved. In trying to assess the movement's impact on the nation, the author interviewed leaders and followers and consulted numerous media reports during the three weeks of crisis. She concludes that textual interpretation is useful only when employed along with traditional methods of participant observation and the eliciting of informants' own interpretations. The analysis of complex social movements, that is, requires a description of people's responses at different moments in time, a situating of the participant observer in the events, and the inclusion of interpretations by the media. By eliciting a reflexive, multivocalic array of texts, the anthropologist can make new interpretations and build on past constructions as the historical context changes. [interpretive ethnology, social movements, Bolivian mining communities]
Cognition and common sense
Authors: BROWN CECIL H.
Published: November 2004

Cognitive Foundations of Natural History: Towards an Anthropology of Science. SCOTT ATRAN.
Beyond the words: the power of resonance
Authors: WIKAN UNNI
Published: November 2004

The article juxtaposes a Balinese theory of translation endorsing resonance with Davidson's maxim of “passing theories,” as rendered by Rorty, to explore how convergence is achieved in actual, everyday life. But the article is not an exercise in the anthropology of language. It addresses the issue of how we as persons can live together in the world and understand one another—with our cultural differences. Thus the concern is with morality and pragmatics, and implications for fieldwork method and anthropological representation. I advocate a focus on persons in lived situations, rather than discourse, and suggest that resonance is the crucial—and charitable—orientation that allows us to go beyond the words to engage people's compelling concerns. [resonance, culture, discourse, translation, fieldwork method, Bali]
Plastic teeth extraction: the iconography of Haya gastro‐sexual affliction
Authors: WEISS BRAD
Published: November 2004

This article examines the contemporary appearance of plastic teeth, a disease of infants and children, among the Haya of northwest Tanzania. It relates the symptoms to the cultural symbolism of bodily processes and conditions, and further grounds those processes in broad transformations in the Haya political economy. This assessment of a particular affliction specifically attempts to assess the meaningful and symbolic nature of commodities and commoditization as intimate, experiential aspects of rapid social change. [East Africa, Haya, symbolism, illness, bodily process, commodities]
Kalat: the political economy of a tribal chiefdom
Authors: SWIDLER NINA
Published: November 2004

This article reconstructs the precolonial history of the Kalat Khanate, a Baluchistan chiefdom peripheral to the empires of Safavid Persia and Mughul India. Imperial politics gave rise to large‐scale migrations to Baluchistan, fostering uneven tribal development, aggressive leadership, and tributary domination. The martial origin of Kalat produced a paramount ruler and a tribal order with powerful chiefs. I argue that Kalat was shaped by the interplay of class and descent processes: descent group alliances produced a tribal order both resistant and accommodating to the forces of political centralization and class formation, forces growing out of a system of tributary domination. Encounters with regional polities also played an important role in the development of Kalat. [Pakistan, political economy, tribal organization, class formation]
the making of modern saints: manufactured charisma and the Abu‐Hatseiras of Israel
Authors: BILU YORAM , BEN‐ARI EYAL
Published: November 2004

In this article we analyze the sanctification of two figures in contemporary Israel. The two figures—Baba Sali and his son Baba Baruch—belong to the Abu‐Hatseira family, which many Jews of North African origin perceive to possess lineage or clan charisma. We use the analytical metaphor of “manufactured” charisma in order to explore the ways in which such present‐day means as the media (written and broadcast), industry, and various state structures have been used to create a particular public image of these men. We suggest that in order to understand their sanctification, one must also examine the North African idiom of saint worship as well as certain assumptions about legitimate public action that underlie contemporary Israeli culture. [charisma, lineage charisma, manufactured charisma, Israel, public culture]
Discursive monotheisms
Authors: BOWEN JOHN R.
Published: November 2004

Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society. ELLEN BADONE, ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990. 230 pp., maps, photographs, tables, notes, references, index.

Beyond the Text: A Holistic Approach to Liturgy. LAWRENCE A. HOFFMAN. Jewish Literature and Culture. ALVIN ROSENFELD, series ed. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987. vii + 213 pp., figure, appendix, notes, index.

Debating Muslims: Cultural Dialogues in Postmodernity and Tradition. MICHAEL M. J. FISCHER and MEHDI ABEDI. New Directions in Anthropological Writing. GEORGE E. MARCUS and JAMES CLIFFORD, gen. eds. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990. xxxvi + 564 pp., illustrations, appendixes, notes, glossary, bibliography, index.
midwives, godmothers, and witches: female body and identity in the Italian south
Authors: DURANTI ALESSANDRO
Published: November 2004

Madre madrina: Rituale, parentela e identità in un paese del Sannio (San Marco dei Cavoti). BERNARDINO PALUMBO

Itinerari delle emozioni: Corpo e identità femminile nel Sannio Campano. MARIELLA PANDOLFI
the wizard from Oz meets the wicked witch of the East: Freeman, Mead, and ethnographic authority
Authors: MARSHALL MAC
Published: November 2004

In recent years considerable attention has been paid to various anthropological writing styles, to the ways anthropologists construct their written accounts (texts), and to the bases of ethnographic authority. Derek Freeman's 1983 critique of Margaret Mead's Samoan writings provides a well‐known and highly publicized case with which to explore the issues of anthropological writing and text construction. I examine the choice of words in Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth in order to reveal one way Freeman constructs his critique and to illuminate some of the rhetorical devices he uses to undermine Mead's ethnographic authority and enhance his own. The examination highlights an important issue in the debate over ethnographic authority by showing that Freeman overemphasizes experience and the extent to which “the facts” speak for themselves in ethnographic writing. [Mead‐Freeman controversy, rhetoric, ethnographic authority]
the sounds of silence: cross‐world communication and the auditory arts in African societies
Authors: PEEK PHILIP M.
Published: November 2004

The prominence of the auditory world for African peoples requires attuning our study of their cultures more directly to the phenomena of sound. Cross‐world communication, which establishes and validates the basis for human action, occurs when the normally inaudible otherworld beings reveal themselves in distinct acoustic fashion. This study reviews those otherworld voices, heard through divine kings and divination, and in the auditory arts of musical instruments, masquerades and narratives. Careful listening to African peoples' auditory arts reveals previously unheard dimensions of their cultures, how they acoustically manifest and validate the spirit world. [Africa, masquerades, music, performance, sound and silence, spirit beings, verbal arts.]
contested bodies: affliction and power in Heiltsuk culture and history
Authors: HARKIN MICHAEL
Published: November 2004

The body is a primary domain of contestation in colonial encounters. The indigenous response to virgin soil epidemics provides an opening for colonial agents, especially missionaries. Methodist missionaries among the Heiltsuk of the Northwest Coast imposed a hegemonic conception of the body, involving the central practice of discipline. Hegemony and resistance have been enacted in bodily beliefs, practices, and discourses. A focus on the meaningful body as a mediating category reveals important dimensions of processes of culture change. [body, colonialism, missionaries, ethnohistory, Northwest Coast]
peasants, capitalism, and (ir)rationality
Authors: BERNAL VICTORIA
Published: November 2004

This article takes as its starting point the debate over whether or not peasants operate according to capitalist rationality. I argue that neither the assumption that peasants operate according to noncapitalist principles, nor the assumption that peasant households operate like capitalist enterprises can account for the behavior of peasants. The analysis of subsistence production in a Sudanese peasant community reveals that market and nonmarket resources, and wage and unwaged labor are inextricably enmeshed. This suggests that we need to rethink not only our notions of «peasant economy,» but also some of our assumptions about capitalism. [peasants, markets, capitalism, economic rationality, subsistence production]
the decolonization of consciousness: local skeptics and the “will to be modern” in a West African village
Authors: GABLE ERIC
Published: November 2004

During a recent initiation ceremony, the men of Bassarel rewrote customary law. I discuss both the attitudes of the protagonists in the ceremony who likened it to a “Party Congress” and attitudes toward spirits as revealed in ritualized orations. I conclude that a tendency to objectify and manipulate custom, coupled with a pervasive skepticism about spiritual efficacy, reveals a typical West African ethos rather than reflects the ruptures of colonization and revolution. [postcolonial ethnography, belief, religious change, West Africa]
blurred boundaries: the discourse of corruption, the culture of politics, and the imagined state
Authors: GUPTA AKHIL
Published: November 2004

In this article I attempt to do an ethnography of the state by examining the discourses of corruption in contemporary India. I focus on the practices of lower levels of the bureaucracy in a small north Indian town as well as on representations of the state in the mass media. Research on translocal institutions such as “the state” enables us to reflect on the limitations of participant‐observation as a technique of fieldwork. The analysis leads me to question Eurocentric distinctions between state and civil society and offers a critique of the conceptualization of “the state” as a monolithic and unitary entity. [the state, public culture, fieldwork, discourse, corruption, India]
cooking inside: kinship and gender in Bangangté idioms of marriage and procreation
Authors: FELDMAN‐SAVELSBERG PAMELA
Published: November 2004

In this article I analyze the ways in which Bangangté ideas about marriage and procreation reveal the gendered experience of kinship. In Bangangté kinship ideology, notions of procreative cooking are central to representing the sometimes conflicting demands of double descent. Kitchens, cooking, and commensality are simultaneously the basis of marriage—enclosing the wife within the husband's patrilineage—and the maintenance of matrilineal ties. Culinary imagery provides an alternative emphasis to a dominant agnatic ideology in Bangangté discourse on social belonging. [procreation, kinship ideology, gender, cooking, sociospatial categories, metaphor, Cameroon]
accessibility as a discourse of space in Canadian housing cooperatives
Authors: RODMAN MARGARET , COOPER MATTHEW
Published: November 2004

Wheelchair accessibility is more than a matter of grab bars, ramps, and door widths. Accessibility can also be understood as a way of thinking and talking about the rights of people with disabilities that contains a critique of the notion of disability itself. This article examines the social and cultural construction of accessibility in the context of a particular kind of nonprofit rental housing in Canada. We present findings from a study of 17 urban housing cooperatives with varying degrees of accessibility, including three “fully accessible” co‐ops. We are particularly concerned with issues of power and control in narratives about building accessible co‐ops. We are also interested in spatial assumptions and how residents express their experience in spatial terms. Spaces framed by a discourse of accessibility and built to the standards of wheelchair‐users express a shift in power toward people with disabilities. Yet these spaces also reveal the diversity of people's needs. We conclude that discourses and practices of accessibility both inscribe difference in the built environment and deny it, allowing people to assert individual freedom, control, and choice. [accessibility, space, housing, cooperatives, Canada]
Lucy's “grammatical categories and cognition”
Authors: GODDARD CLIFF
Published: November 2004

Grammatical Categories and Cognition. A Case Study of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis. JOHN A. LUCY.
making kin: kinship theory and Zumbagua adoptions
Authors: WEISMANTEL MARY
Published: November 2004

The biological definition of family at the root of functionalist kinship theory has been rightly criticized by contemporary feminist and symbolic anthropologists, but in retreating into an antinatural position such critiques simply recapitulate the limitations of an opposition between nature and culture in which the former is prior and essential, the latter secondary and historical. From the perspective of Zumbagua, where people become parents by feeding and caring for children over extended periods of time, both schools of thought are not only inadequate to explain fully the material bases of local practice but are representative of a specific Western‐bourgeois ideology that indigenous people actively oppose.
songs of mobility in West Pokot
Authors: BIANCO BARBARA A.
Published: November 2004

Expert witnesses and scholars have been unable to locate the wellsprings of the postwar millennial ardor of the Pokot, an East African cattle‐keeping people seemingly untouched by modernity and colonial rule. In this article I provide a revisionist reading of Pokot religious enthusiasm and the social terrain in which it took shape. Drawing primarily on new ethnographic data about the activities and aspirations of Pokot adherents of the proscribed Dini ya Msambwa movement, I argue that the lure of an earthly Zion in a Kenyan colonial backwater bespeaks a crisis of mobility in the spiritual and material worlds. More generally, I show how millennialism in colonial settings may remake modernity by relocating its iconographies and technologies of power and worth.
the making of Muslim dissent: hybridized discourses, lay preachers, and radical rhetoric among British Pakistanis
Authors: WERBNER PNINA
Published: November 2004

The rise of a British Islamic radicalism stressing a heterodox combination of civil rights rhetoric and Islamic values is considered as a form of “magical” religious dissent, rooted in the predicaments of migration and the peculiar structural features of South Asian Sufi orders as regional cults. Drawing on Dumont's work, I extend recent discussions of the sited production of authoritative Islamic knowledge by exploring the dialectical interaction of ideas about ascetic practice, “worldly” orientation, and moral personhood in different South Asian religious movements and their extension into Britain. [Sufism, political Islam, ethnicity, religious movements, Britain, Pakistan]
imagined communities and real victims: self‐determination and ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia
Authors: HAYDEN ROBERT M.
Published: November 2004

In this article I view “ethnic cleansing” in terms of the structural logic advanced by Mary Douglas (1966) and manifested in the constitutions of the republics of the former Yugoslavia. These constitutions reify and objectify “culture” in ways that provide the conceptual, ideological, political, and legal justifications for processes of exclusion, from the denial of citizenship to expulsion and murder. The analysis is grounded in the texts of the constitutions read against local Yugoslav understandings of their terms, in the bureaucratic practices of granting and denying citizenship on an ethnic basis, and in the geography of the wars in the former Yugoslavia. [Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia‐Hercegovina, nationalism, ethnicity, law, genocide]
Fieldwork under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Survival
Authors: Denich Bette
Published: November 2004

Fieldwork under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Survival. Carolyn Nordstrom and Antonius C. G. M. Robben. eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. vii. 306 pp., contributors, notes, references, index.
The Politics of Culture: Race, Violence, and Democracy
Authors: Merry Sally Engle
Published: November 2004

The Politics of Culture: Race, Violence, and Democracy. Jung Min Choi. Karen A. Callaghan. and John W. Murphy. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1995. xii. 171 pp., notes, suggested readings, index.
A Passion for Difference: Essays in Anthropology and Gender
Authors: Visweswaran Kamala
Published: November 2004

. Passion for Difference: Essays in Anthropology and Gender. Henrietta Moore. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. ix +177 pp., bibliography, notes, index.
Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom: Excursions Into Eating, Culture, and the Past
Authors: Counihan Carole M.
Published: November 2004

Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom: Excursions Into Eating, Culture, and the Past. Sidney W. Mintz. Boston: Beacon Press, 1996. xix. 149 pp., Index, works cited, notes.
A Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics In an "Other" America
Authors: Sawin Patricia
Published: November 2004

. Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics In an "Other" America. Kathleen Stewart. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. xii. 243 pp., photographs, notes, bibliography, index.
Medicine and Morality in Haiti: The Contest for Healing Power
Authors: Masquelier Adeline
Published: November 2004

Medicine and Morality in Haiti: The Contest for Healing Power. Paul Brodwin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. xvi. 240 pp., Illustrations, glossary, notes, bibliography, index.
Yucatán's Maya Peasantry and the Origins of the Caste War
Authors: Watanabe John M.
Published: November 2004

Yucatán's Maya Peasantry and the Origins of the Caste War. Terry Rugeley. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996. xxx. 243 pp., notes, bibliography, index.
Blackness and Race Mixture: The Dynamics of Racial Identity in Colombia
Authors: Fine‐Dare Kathleen S.
Published: November 2004

Blackness and Race Mixture: The Dynamics of Racial Identity in Colombia. Peter Wade. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. xv. 415 pp., figures, maps, photographs, appendixes, references, index.
Sanuma Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis
Authors: Turner Terence
Published: November 2004

Sanuma Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis. Alcida Rita Ramos. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. xx. 346 pp., notes, index.
Feminism, Nationalism, and Militarism
Authors: Bastian Misty L.
Published: November 2004

Feminism, Nationalism, and Militarism. Constance R. Sutton. ed. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association, 1995. lv+ 106 pp., contributors, notes, references.
The Spears of Twilight: Life and Death In the Amazon Jungle
Authors: Degarrod Lydia Nakashima
Published: November 2004

The Spears of Twilight: Life and Death In the Amazon Jungle. Phillippe Descola. Janet Lioyd, trans. New York: New Press, 1996. xii. 445 pp., illustrations, maps, glossaries, references, indexes.
The Civility of Indifference: On Domesticating Ethnicity
Authors: Mahmood Cynthia Keppley
Published: November 2004

The Civility of Indifference: On Domesticating Ethnicity. F. G. Bailey. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996. xvi. 184 pp., plates, notes, references, index.
New Voices in the Nation: Women and the Greek Resistance, 1941–1964
Authors: Cowan Jane K.
Published: November 2004

New Voices in the Nation: Women and the Greek Resistance, 1941–1964. Janet Hart. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996. xiii. 313 pp., photographs, references, index.
Cultural Intimacy: Social Poetics In the Nation‐State
Authors: Cohen Anthony P.
Published: November 2004

Cultural Intimacy: Social Poetics In the Nation‐State. Michael Herzfeld. New York and London: Routledge, 1997. xiv. 226 pp., notes, references cited, index.
Culture, Politics, and Irish School Dropouts: Constructing Political Identities
Authors: Sheehan J. Brian
Published: November 2004

Culture, Politics, and Irish School Dropouts: Constructing Political Identities. G. Honor Fagan. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1995. xvi. 187 pp., notes, references, index.
Muslim Politics
Authors: Soares Benjamin F.
Published: November 2004

Muslim Politics. Dale F. Eickelman and James Piscatori. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. xi. 235 pp., figures, maps, notes, glossary, bibliography, references, index.
Public Faces, Private Voices: Community and Individuality In South India
Authors: Carrithers Michael
Published: November 2004

Public Faces, Private Voices: Community and Individuality In South India. Mattison Mines. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. + 232 pp., figures, maps, notes, bibliography, index.
Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology In North India
Authors: Gillespie Marie
Published: November 2004

Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology In North India. Peter Manuel. Chicago. University of Chicago Press, 1993. xix. 302 pp., maps, musical examples, photographs, notes, glossary, bibliography, Index.
Sexual Attraction and Childhood Association: A Chinese Brief for Edward Westermarck
Authors: Badcock Christopher
Published: November 2004

Sexual Attraction and Childhood Association:. Chinese Brief for Edward Westermarck. Arthur P. Wolf. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995. xxiii. 561 pp., figures, tables, notes, index.
Fantasizing the Feminine In Indonesia./"Male" and "Female" In Developing Southeast Asia
Authors: Kipp Rita Smith
Published: November 2004

Fantasizing the Feminine In Indonesia. Laurie J. Sears. ed. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1996. xvi. 349 pp., illustrations, notes, selected bibliography, contributors, index.

"Male" and "Female" In Developing Southeast Asia. Wazir Jahan Karim. ed. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1995. xiv. 267 pp., notes, references, contributors, index.
Balinese Worlds
Authors: Kipp Rita Smith
Published: November 2004

Balinese Worlds. Fredrik Barth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. + 370 pp., references, index, figures.
Constructing Inequality: The Fabrication of a Hierarchy of Virtue among the Etoro
Authors: Polier Nicole
Published: November 2004

Constructing Inequality: The Fabrication of. Hierarchy of Virtue among the Etoro. Raymond C. Kelly. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993. viii. 604 pp., figures, map, photographs, tables, bibliography, index.
Unfinished Dreams: Community Healing and the Reality of Aboriginal Self‐Government
Authors: Borrows John
Published: November 2004

Unfinished Dreams: Community Healing and the Reality of Aboriginal Self‐Government. Wayne Warry. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998. + 323 pp., notes, bibliography, index.
Producing Guanxi: Sentiment, Self, and Subculture in a North China Village
Authors: Blum Susan D.
Published: November 2004

Producing Guanxi: Sentiment, Self, and Subculture in. North China Village. Andrew B. Kipnis. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997. xii. 226 pp., maps, figures, epilogue, notes, glossary, references, index.
A Day for the Hunter, A Day for the Prey: Popular Music and Power in Haiti
Authors: Williams Linda F.
Published: November 2004

Day for the Hunter,. Day for the Prey: Popular Music and Power in Haiti. Gage Averill. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. xxix. 276 pp., notes, glossary, bibliography, discography, interviews, photographs, index.
The Art of Being Black: The Creation of Black British Youth Identities
Authors: Amit‐Talai Vered
Published: November 2004

The Art of Being Black: The Creation of Black British Youth Identities. Claire Alexander. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. xii. 209 pp., bibliography, index.
In Oceania: Visions, Artifacts, Histories
Authors: Rodman Margaret
Published: November 2004

In Oceania: Visions, Artifacts, Histories. Nicholas Thomas. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997. xvi. 269 pp., figures, map, appendix, notes, references, index.
Making Doctors: An Institutional Apprenticeship
Authors: Millard Ann
Published: November 2004

Making Doctors: An Institutional Apprenticeship Simon Sinclair. Oxford: Berg, 1997. + 347 pp., bibliography, index.
Blood Sacrifice and the Nation: Totem Rituals and the American Flag
Authors: King C. Richard
Published: November 2004

Blood Sacrifice and the Nation: Totem Rituals and the American Flag. Carolyn Marvin and David W. Ingle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ix. 398 pp., graphs, illustrations, photographs, appendix, notes, references, index.
Irish America
Authors: Cohen Marilyn
Published: November 2004

Irish America. Reginald Byron. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999. + 317 pp., tables, bibliography, index.
Peoples of the Gran Chaco
Authors: Langer Erick D.
Published: November 2004

Peoples of the Gran Chaco. Elmer S. Miller. ed. Westport, CO: Bergin and Garvey, 1999. vii. 166 pp., illustrations, maps, photographs, index.