bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean along the Solonker Suture Zone: Constraints from geochronological and geochemical data of Permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks
Authors: Eizenhöfer Paul R. , Zhao Guochun , Zhang Jian , Sun Min
Published: March 2014

There is a broad consensus that the Solonker Suture Zone marks the final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean, which led to the formation of the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. However, when and how the final closure occurred still remains controversial. To address this issue, provenance analysis of Permian sedimentary rocks of arc basins along the Xar Moron River was carried out. Geochemical analysis revealed a close relationship between the sedimentary and volcanic rock suite in the study region suggesting short transport distances and a complex convergent arc setting. Detrital zircon U‐Pb analysis identified two major age provenances: (1) the Precambrian basement of the North China Craton (~2497 Ma and ~1844 Ma) and (2) the Paleozoic Southern Accretionary Orogen along the northern margin of North China (~436 Ma and ~269 Ma). The present locations of identified age provenances indicate southward subduction beneath the northern margin of North China. A comparison of the youngest age population in the sedimentary rocks with U‐Pb ages obtained for subduction‐related volcanic rocks implies that the Solonker Suture Zone formed from the Late Permian to Early Triassic. The results of our study advocate a complex Permian arc system which was probably similar to present‐day Southeast Asia.
Ricin Analysis
Authors: Kalb Suzanne R. , Barr John R.
Published: March 2014

Ricin is a protein toxin produced by the castor bean plant,Ricinus communis. In vivo, the 64‐kDaricin protein halts protein synthesis by depurinating28SribosomalRNA, rendering it unable to bind to elongation factor 2. This halt in protein synthesis causes detrimental health effects and can lead to death upon exposure to ricin. Ricin is highly toxic and has the potential for high availability; therefore, it is considered a likely agent for bioterrorism. Hence, sensitive and selective analytical methods are desired to analyze for ricin in food, environmental, and clinical samples. This article reviews various published methods to detect ricin. These methods are numerous but can be loosely grouped into animal assays, detection of ricinDNA, immunoassays, mass‐spectrometry‐based amino acid composition methods, and detection of ricin enzymatic activity. These various methods have different purposes. Some methods function as rapid screens with moderate false positive and false negative rates, whereas others serve as confirmatory assays. In this article, the methods are explained and compared, with discussion on the sensitivity and selectivity of the methods.
A superstructure‐based mixed‐integer programming approach to optimal design of pipeline network for large‐scale CO2 transport
Authors: Zhou Chengchuan , Liu Pei , Li Zheng
Published: March 2014

Pipeline transport is the major means for large‐scale and long‐distance CO2 transport in a CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) project. But optimal design of the pipeline network remains a challenging problem, especially when considering allocation of intermediate sites, like pump stations, and selection of pipeline routes. A superstructure‐based mixed‐integer programming approach for optimal design of the pipeline network, targeting on minimizing the overall cost in a CCS project is presented. A decomposition algorithm to solve the computational difficulty caused by the large size and nonlinear nature of a real‐life design problem is also presented. To illustrate the capability of our models. A real‐life case study in North China, with 45 emissions sources and four storage sinks, is provided. The result shows that our model and decomposition algorithm is a practical and cost‐effective method for pipeline networks design. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2442–2461, 2014
Demystifying the estimation of reactivity ratios for terpolymerization systems
Authors: Kazemi Niousha , Duever Thomas A. , Penlidis Alexander
Published: March 2014

In typical practice for terpolymerizations so far, binary reactivity ratios have been used directly in the instantaneous Alfrey and Goldfinger (AG) model, effectively ignoring the presence of the third monomer. In addition, the use of the AG model leads to severe estimation problems, if one would like to estimate reactivity ratios from experimental data. Due to the above reasons, the AG model was recast and was subsequently used with terpolymerization data directly to estimate ternary reactivity ratios under the error‐in‐variables‐model framework, based both on instantaneous (low conversion) and cumulative composition data (medium and high conversions). Several examples and counter examples highlight such important issues as the choice of the correct number of responses, accounting for the appropriate error structure, and incorporating the right information content, all with diagnostic checks whose target is the eventual reliability of the reactivity ratio estimates. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1752–1766, 2014
Spread and recoiling of liquid droplets impacting solid surfaces
Authors: Gao Xuan , Li Ri
Published: March 2014

The impact of water droplets on solid surfaces is studied experimentally and theoretically. Theoretical equations based on energy conservation are developed. In our theoretical study, the droplet is modeled as a ring‐like shape, which matches the dynamic shape of droplets observed from our experimental tests. In the analysis of energy conservation, the nonuniform distribution of pressure inside the deformed droplet is taken into account by introducing a flow potential energy term in the theoretical equations. To derive viscous dissipation for recoiling, a viscous layer coefficient is introduced. Its values for the tests using smooth surfaces are found to be within a small range. Both theoretical predictions and experimental data show significant influence of surface wettability on maximum spread and recoiling process. With the increase of advancing contact angle, surface energy shows a decreasing trend, whereas flow potential energy shows an increasing trend and becomes significant for hydrophobic surfaces. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2683–2691, 2014
Body temperature and thermal environment in a generalized arboreal anthropoid, wild mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata)
Authors: Thompson Cynthia L. , Williams Susan H. , Glander Kenneth E. , Teaford Mark F. , Vinyard Christopher J.
Published: March 2014

Free‐ranging primates are confronted with the challenge of maintaining an optimal range of body temperatures within a thermally dynamic environment that changes daily, seasonally, and annually. While many laboratory studies have been conducted on primate thermoregulation, we know comparatively little about the thermal pressures primates face in their natural, evolutionarily relevant environment. Such knowledge is critical to understanding the evolution of thermal adaptations in primates and for comparative evaluation of humans' unique thermal adaptations. We examined temperature and thermal environment in free‐ranging, mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in a tropical dry forest in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We recorded subcutaneous (Tsc) and near‐animal ambient temperatures (Ta) from 11 animals over 1586.5 sample hours during wet and dry seasons. Howlers displayed considerable variation in Tsc, which was largely attributable to circadian effects. Despite significant seasonal changes in the ambient thermal environment, howlers showed relatively little evidence for seasonal changes in Tsc. Howlers experienced warm thermal conditions which led to body cooling relative to the environment, and plateaus in Tsc at increasingly warm Ta. They also frequently faced cool thermal conditions (Ta < Tsc) in which Tsc was markedly elevated compared with Ta. These data add to a growing body of evidence that non‐human primates have more labile body temperatures than humans. Our data additionally support a hypothesis that, despite inhabiting a dry tropical environment, howling monkeys experience both warm and cool thermal pressures. This suggests that thermal challenges may be more prevalent for primates than previously thought, even for species living in nonextreme thermal environments. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:1–10, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macroporous polystyrene resins as adsorbents for the removal of tetracycline antibiotics from an aquatic environment
Authors: Chao Yanhong , Zhu Wenshuai , Yan Bin , Lin Yaobao , Xun Suhang , Ji Haiyan , Wu Xiangyang , Li Huaming , Han Changri
Published: March 2014

Six macroporous polystyrene resins (strong‐acid resins D001, D061, D072, and NKC‐9, strong‐base resin D201, and alkalescent resin D370) were selected as adsorbents for removing tetracycline (TC) and doxycycline hydrochloride (DC) from aqueous solutions. The solution pH and ionic strength had significant effects on the sorption of TC and DC. The basic resins D201 and D370 exhibited strong sorption capabilities (70.08–105.60 mg/g) at pH 4–9, but strong‐acid resins showed good sorption abilities only under acidic conditions of pH 2–3 (83.30–95.78 mg/g). The inhibitory effect of the ionic strength was much weaker for D370 than for D201. The adsorption ratio of TC and DC on D201 and D370 were all above 90% when the amount of adsorbent exceeded 50 mg. By performing kinetic experiments, we determined that the pseudo‐second‐order model fit the data best for DC sorption on the six resins and TC sorption on D201 and D370, but the pseudo‐first‐order model fit the data of TC sorption on the four strong‐acid resins better at pH 7.0. Intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate‐controlling step, and an initial external mass transfer or chemical reaction might have existed in the sorption process. The Langmuir equation was the best isotherm equation to describe the sorption with a monolayer sorption maximum larger than 98.04 mg/g under all temperatures. Thermodynamic studies showed that the sorption of TC and DC on the resins was thermodynamically feasible and spontaneous. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40561.
Photostabilization of polypropylene by surface modified rutile‐type TiO2 nanorods
Authors: Qi Lin , Ding Yanfen , Dong Quanxiao , Wen Bin , Wang Feng , Zhang Shimin , Yang Mingshu
Published: March 2014

Rutile‐type titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods were prepared, superficially modified and tested for the protection of polypropylene (PP) from the UVB and UVC irradiations. The silica coating blocked the active sites on the nanorods and the following calcination further reduced the amount of surface hydroxyl groups and thus, made the TiO2 nanorods more efficient against the photodegradation. Compared with spherical TiO2 nanoparticles, the calcined silica‐coated TiO2 nanorods demonstrated good photostabilization efficiency due to the excellent shielding effect and the improved dispersion of the nanoparticles in PP matrix. When used in combination with the conventional hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), CHIMASSORB® 944, the surface modified TiO2 nanorods revealed strong synergistic effect during the photo‐oxidation of the PP composites. The capacity of photostabilization was much higher than the combination with the commercial spherical TiO2 nanoparticles and even higher than the typical HALS photostabilization system containing hindered phenol TINUVIN® 328. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40601.
Attachment Interventions with Foster and Adoptive Parents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kerr Laura , Cossar Jill
Published: March 2014

Children who have been adopted or fostered are at high risk of experiencing interpersonal difficulties and placement breakdown may occur if these difficulties are not addressed through interventions. The aim of this review was to identify the impact of attachment interventions with foster and adoptive parents on children's behavioural, emotional and relational functioning. A systematic search process was undertaken; electronic databases were searched; key journals were hand searched; reference lists of included articles were searched; and authors who have published work in the field were contacted. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. There is some evidence to support the positive impact of these interventions for children, particularly young children aged six months to six years. However, overall, the studies were of relatively poor methodological quality, making conclusions about the efficacy of these interventions difficult. Further research is therefore required to draw clearer conclusions about the impact of attachment interventions for fostered and adopted children. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

‘Ten studies met the inclusion criteria’

Key Practitioner Messages

A number of the reviewed studies reported positive outcomes in child behavioural functioning and to a lesser degree in emotional and relational functioning following intervention.

Interventions focused on constructs such as parental sensitivity, attunement to the child and the impact of abuse and neglect on attachment to new caregivers.

When quality criteria were applied, two studies focused on children aged six months to six years were found to be methodologically strong, providing some evidence for the benefit of early attachment‐based interventions within this population.

‘Two studies focused on children aged six months to six years were found to be methodologically strong’
Enantiomeric Separation of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐Based 2‐Amino‐3‐Carboxylic Acids on Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Chiral Stationary Phases
Authors: Pataj Zoltán , Ilisz István , Grecsó Nóra , Palkó Márta , Fülöp Ferenc , Armstrong Daniel W. , Péter Antal
Published: March 2014

Direct high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of four bicyclo[2.2.2]octane based 2‐amino‐3‐carboxylic acid enantiomers were developed on chiral stationary phases (CSPs) containing different macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotic selectors. The analyses were performed under reversed‐phase, polar organic and polar ionic mode on macrocyclic‐glycopeptide‐based Chirobiotic T, T2, TAG, and R columns. The effects of the mobile phase composition including the acid and base modifier, the structure of the analytes, and the temperature on the separations were investigated. Experiments were achieved at constant mobile phase compositions on different stationary phases in the temperature range 5–40°C. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from plots of ln k or ln α versus 1/T. It was recognized that the enantioseparations in reversed‐phase and polar organic mode were enthalpically driven, but under polar‐ionic conditions entropically driven enantioseparation was observed as well. Baseline separation and determination of elution sequence were achieved in all cases. Chirality 26:200–208, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primate adult brain cell autotransplantation produces behavioral and biological recovery in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced parkinsonian St. Kitts monkeys
Authors: Bloch Jocelyne , Brunet Jean‐François , McEntire Caleb R.S. , Redmond D. Eugene
Published: March 2014

The potential for “replacement cells” to restore function in Parkinson's disease has been widely reported over the past 3 decades, rejuvenating the central nervous system rather than just relieving symptoms. Most such experiments have used fetal or embryonic sources that may induce immunological rejection and generate ethical concerns. Autologous sources, in which the cells to be implanted are derived from recipients' own cells after reprogramming to stem cells, direct genetic modifications, or epigenetic modifications in culture, could eliminate many of these problems. In a previous study on autologous brain cell transplantation, we demonstrated that adult monkey brain cells, obtained from cortical biopsies and kept in culture for 7 weeks, exhibited potential as a method of brain repair after low doses of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) caused dopaminergic cell death. The present study exposed monkeys to higher MPTP doses to produce significant parkinsonism and behavioral impairments. Cerebral cortical cells were biopsied from the animals, held in culture for 7 weeks to create an autologous neural cell “ecosystem” and reimplanted bilaterally into the striatum of the same six donor monkeys. These cells expressed neuroectodermal and progenitor markers such as nestin, doublecortin, GFAP, neurofilament, and vimentin. Five to six months after reimplantation, histological analysis with the dye PKH67 and unbiased stereology showed that reimplanted cells survived, migrated bilaterally throughout the striatum, and seemed to exert a neurorestorative effect. More tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive neurons and significant behavioral improvement followed reimplantation of cultured autologous neural cells as a result of unknown trophic factors released by the grafts. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2729–2740, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spine morphogenesis in newborn granule cells is differentially regulated in the outer and middle molecular layers
Authors: Zhao Chunmei , Jou Jessica , Wolff Lisa J. , Sun Huaiyu , Gage Fred H.
Published: March 2014

New neurons are continuously added to the hippocampus of adult mammals. Their survival and integration into the circuitry are highly dependent on experience. Here we show that mushroom spine formation in newborn granule cells was modulated by experience and that dendritic segments in different areas of the molecular layer were differentially regulated. Specifically, spines of new neurons in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus were more readily influenced by nonspatial features in the living environment. Those in the middle molecular layer were more likely to be influenced by the size of the living environment. Therefore, the activity of cortical inputs into newborn granule cells may be reflected in the formation of mushroom spines in different dendritic segments in the molecular layer. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2756–2766, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metastatic carotid body paraganglioma detected during evaluation for biliary stone disease
Authors: Oakes Alison , Witt Benjamin , Adler Douglas G.
Published: March 2014

Carotid body paragangliomas are neuroendocrine cell tumors. Most invade locally to surrounding tissues with metastases being less commonly encountered than with other tumors: a minority of tumors metastasizes to distal sites. Spread is more unusual after surgical removal of the primary tumor. Hepatic spread is very rare but has been documented. We report a case of a clinically silent metastatic paraganglioma identified during an evaluation for choledocholithiasis.

We describe a 70‐year‐old female presenting with symptoms of abdominal pain who was found to have cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. MRI imaging performed during evaluation revealed enhancing liver and lung lesions suspicious for metastasis. FNA of a hepatic lesion showed paraganglioma. She had a remote history of bilateral carotid body tumors, of which the left tumor was resected in 2005.

This is a rare case of metastatic carotid body paraganglioma. Primary tumor source was a resected tumor or a smaller sized nodule that was managed with serial imaging. The subject's lack of symptoms and her disease extent with confirmed hepatic and presumed pulmonary spread is unique. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:868–871. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cutaneous metastasis from a myoepithelial carcinoma of submandibular salivary gland
Authors: Chougule Abhijit , Barwad Adarsh , Bal Amanjit , Dey Pranab
Published: March 2014

Myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of salivary gland with locally aggressive nature and potential for distant metastasis. It is composed of tumor cells with myoepithelial differentiation showing varied cytomorphology. Lungs and kidneys are the commonest sites for distant metastasis. Cutaneous metastasis of myoepithelial carcinoma is very rare. In this report, we described cutaneous metastasis of myoepithelial carcinoma arising from submandibular gland. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:53–56. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities associated with eggshells during incubation
Authors: Grizard Stéphanie , Dini‐Andreote Francisco , Tieleman B. Irene , Salles Joana F.
Published: March 2014

Microorganisms are closely associated with eggs and may play a determinant role in embryo survival. Yet, the majority of studies focusing on this association relied on culture‐based methodology, eventually leading to a skewed assessment of microbial communities. By targeting the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, we, respectively, described bacterial and fungal communities on eggshells of the homing pigeon Columba livia. We explored their structure, abundance, and composition. Firstly, we showed that sampling technique affected the outcome of the results. While broadly used, the egg swabbing procedure led to a lower DNA extraction efficiency and provided different profiles of bacterial communities than those based on crushed eggshell pieces. Secondly, we observed shifts in bacterial and fungal communities during incubation. At late incubation, bacterial communities showed a reduction in diversity, while their abundance increased, possibly due to the competitive advantage of some species. When compared to their bacterial counterparts, fungal communities also decreased in diversity at late incubation. In that case, however, the decline was associated with a diminution of their overall abundance. Conclusively, our results showed that although incubation might inhibit microbial growth when compared to unincubated eggs, we observed the selective growth of specific bacterial species during incubation. Moreover, we showed that fungi are a substantial component of the microbial communities associated with eggshells and require further investigations in avian ecology. Identifying the functional roles of these microorganisms is likely to provide news insights into the evolutionary strategies that control embryo survival.
A simple approach to compensate the suction caused by the electrospray ionization source in capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry systems
Authors: do Lago Claudimir Lucio , Vidal Denis Tadeu Rajh , Francisco Kelliton José Mendonça , dos Santos Vagner Bezerra
Published: March 2014

ESI sources continuously consume the liquid at the tip of the capillary, which causes the dragging of the BGE. The laminar nature of this flow causes the broadening of the peaks and loss of separation efficiency. The usual solution for this problem is to compensate this phenomenon by reducing the pressure at the inlet vial by either leveling of this vial or pumping off the air that is over it. However, one must know the pressure to be applied in order to prevent under‐ or over‐compensation. The procedure herein introduced allows the easy calculation of this pressure by obtaining two electropherograms at two different values of separation voltage. The migration times of the peaks allow the calculation of the apparent mobilities even in the presence of the laminar flow. Therefore, one can calculate the contributions from both electrophoresis and hydrodynamic flow, and finally the pressure associated with the undesirable flow. This pressure is then applied as a negative pressure at the inlet vial in the following experiments. Increase of up to 192% in the number of plates was obtained in a simple experiment. In addition, the bubble forming caused by the ESI suction during injection was prevented by turning off the nebulizer gas during the changes of inlet vials.
Doubly Robust Estimation of Causal Effects with Multivalued Treatments: An Application to the Returns to Schooling
Authors: Uysal S. Derya
Published: March 2014

This paper provides doubly robust estimators for treatment effect parameters which are defined in a multivalued treatment effect framework. We apply this method to the unique dataset of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) to estimate returns to various levels of schooling. The analysis is carried out for female and male samples separately to capture possible gender differences. Average returns are estimated for the entire population, as well as conditional on having a specific educational achievement. For males, relative to no qualification, we find an average return to O‐levels of 6.3%, to A‐levels of 7.9% and to higher education of 25.4%. The estimated average returns to O‐level and A‐level relative to no qualification are insignificant for females, whereas the return to higher education is 19.9%.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metallic glass thin films for potential biomedical applications
Authors: Kaushik Neelam , Sharma Parmanand , Ahadian Samad , Khademhosseini Ali , Takahashi Masaharu , Makino Akihiro , Tanaka Shuji , Esashi Masayoshi
Published: March 2014

We introduce metallic glass thin films (TiCuNi) as biocompatible materials for biomedical applications. TiCuNi metallic glass thin films were deposited on the Si substrate and their structural, surface, and mechanical properties were investigated. The fabricated films showed good biocompatibility upon exposure to muscle cells. Also, they exhibited an average roughness of <0.2 nm, high wear resistance, and high mechanical properties (hardness ∼6.9 GPa and reduced modulus ∼130 GPa). Top surface of the TiCuNi films was shown to be free from Ni and mainly composed of a thin titanium oxide layer, which resulted in the high surface biocompatibility. In particular, there was no cytotoxicity effect of metallic glass films on the C2C12 myoblasts and the cells were able to proliferate well on these substrates. Low cost, viscoelastic behavior, patternability, high electrical conductivity, and the capability to coat various materials (e.g., nonbiocompatible materials) make TiCuNi as an attractive material for biomedical applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1544–1552, 2014.
Inhibition of anaerobic ammonium oxidation by heavy metals
Authors: Li Guangbin , Puyol Daniel , Carvajal‐Arroyo Jose Maria , Sierra‐Alvarez Reyes , Field Jim A.
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising approach for removing nitrogen from landfill leachates and other nitrogen‐laden wastewater. Although heavy metals, which are known for their microbial toxicity, are commonly present in those wastewater streams information on their inhibitory impact on anammox activity is still limited. The main aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of six common metal ions (Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and molybdate) on anammox activity.

RESULTS

The soluble concentrations of cationic metals decreased due to precipitation reactions. Cu, Zn, Cd, and Ni were the most toxic metals with 50% inhibiting soluble concentrations of 4.2, 7.6, 11.2, and 48.6 mg L‐1, respectively. Molybdate and Pb2+ were not or only moderately inhibitory at the highest soluble concentrations tested (22.7 mg Mo L‐1 and 6.0 mg Pb L‐1, respectively). A noncompetitive inhibition model successfully described the relationship between microbial inhibition and metal concentrations for all tested metals except for Pb.

CONCLUSION

Cu, Zn and Cd were the most toxic heavy metals for anammox bacteria. The soluble concentration of these heavy metals needs to be monitored carefully before applying anammox processes. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Tetrahymena thermophila: A divergent perspective on membrane traffic
Authors: Briguglio Joseph S. , Turkewitz Aaron P.
Published: March 2014

Tetrahymena thermophila, a member of the Ciliates, represents a class of organisms distantly related from commonly used model organisms in cell biology, and thus offers an opportunity to explore potentially novel mechanisms and their evolution. Ciliates, like all eukaryotes, possess a complex network of organelles that facilitate both macromolecular uptake and secretion. The underlying endocytic and exocytic pathways are key mediators of a cell's interaction with its environment, and may therefore show niche‐specific adaptations. Our laboratory has taken a variety of approaches to identify key molecular determinants for membrane trafficking pathways in Tetrahymena. Studies of Rab GTPases, dynamins, and sortilin‐family receptors substantiate the widespread conservation of some features but also uncover surprising roles for lineage‐restricted innovation. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 500–516, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐ and five‐year risk of death and cardiovascular complications for hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia without diagnosed diabetes: An observational study
Authors: Tuna Meltem , Manuel Douglas G. , Bennett Carol , Lawrence Nadine , van Walraven Carl , Keely Erin , Malcolm Janine , D. Reid Robert , Forster Alan J.
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND

Hyperglycemia is recognized as an important threat to the health of patients, independent of diabetes status. However, no long‐term follow‐up study of patients with in‐hospital elevated glucose without diabetes has been conducted.

OBJECTIVE

To compare 1‐ and 5‐year risk of death and cardiovascular (CV) complications in patients with a diagnosis of diabetes versus those without a diabetes diagnosis

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

METHODS

Risk of all‐cause death and CV complications (acute myocardial infarction [AMI], congestive heart failure [CHF], cardiovascular disease [CVD], peripheral vascular disease [PVD], and end‐stage renal disease [ESRD]) in those diagnosed with diabetes versus those with different glycemia categories was determined using competing risk models.

SETTING/PATIENTS

All adult patients from a tertiary hospital discharged alive between 1996 and 2008 from any service except psychiatry or obstetrics.

RESULTS

Compared to patients with diagnosed diabetes, patients with peak serum glucose level >200 mg/dL had significantly higher 1‐year risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20‐1.43) and 5‐year risk (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.22) of death but a decreased 1‐year risk of hospitalization for CHF (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62‐0.81), PVD (HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.18‐0.24), or ESRD (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.6‐0.89). There was no risk difference for AMI (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.78‐1.18) or CVD (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.61‐1.0).

CONCLUSIONS

Although it is unclear whether hospitalized patients with elevated peak serum glucose have early diabetes or their hyperglycemia reflects hospital stress or another comorbidity, in‐hospital hyperglycemia is an important clinical indicator, carrying a higher 1‐ and 5‐year mortality risk than those with diagnosed diabetes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:365–371. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Process development of inverted‐staggered amorphous InGaZnO thin‐film transistors with wet‐etched electrodes
Authors: Dong Chengyuan , Chen Yuting , Hu Zhe , Wu Jie , Zhou Daxiang , Xie Haiting , Chiang Cheng‐Lung , Chen Po‐Lin , Lai Tzu‐Chieh , Lo Chang‐Cheng , Lien Alan
Published: March 2014

Process development of inverted‐staggered amorphous InGaZnO thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) with wet‐etched electrodes was employed in this paper. Five metals (Al, Cu, Ti, Ta, and Cr) as well as various etchants were comparatively investigated, indicating H2O2 based solution etched Ta films were good candidates for the wet‐etched electrodes of a‐IGZO TFTs. The aforementioned findings along with other improving attempts successfully established inexpensive processing steps and conditions with which stable a‐IGZO TFTs were finally fabricated. The device performance was reasonably good enough (μFE of 6.0 cm2/V·s, Vth of 2.5 V, SS of 1.8 V/decade, and Ion/Ioff of 106) to meet the requirements of applications especially for small‐sized flat panel displays.
Personality Antecedents of Customer Citizenship Behaviors in Online Shopping Situations
Authors: Anaza Nwamaka A.
Published: March 2014

This study examines the psychological process used in predicting customer citizenship behaviors. Hypotheses are proposed to test the effects of personality traits on customer satisfaction, and customer citizenship behaviors in an online shopping context. Two broader elemental traits—agreeableness and extraversion—are posited to lead to specific state‐based traits; namely, perspective taking and empathic concern. In turn, empathic reactions are expected to affect customer satisfaction as well as customer citizenship behaviors. Study results demonstrate that individuals high on empathic concern feel greater satisfaction with the service provider, and display a greater propensity to help other online shoppers.
Investigating Gender‐Schema Congruity Effects on Consumers’ Evaluation of Anthropomorphized Products
Authors: van den Hende Ellis A. , Mugge Ruth
Published: March 2014

Anthropomorphism refers to the tendency to attribute humanlike characteristics, intentions, and behavior to nonhuman artifacts. Prior research has established a product‐schema congruity effect by suggesting that successful anthropomorphism necessitates a product with schema‐congruent features next to the promotion message. This article extends this body of research for the specific case of gender anthropomorphism by proposing a gender‐schema congruity effect. Specifically, the results of two experimental studies demonstrated that when a human gender schema is primed, that is, congruent with consumers’ own gender, consumers show more preferential evaluations and are more likely to perceive the product as human, even when no product‐schema congruent features are present in the product. Results indicated that perceived anthropomorphism mediates the gender‐schema congruity effect and the product‐schema congruity effect on product evaluations.
Has Reality Television Come of Age as a Promotional Platform? Modeling the Endorsement Effectiveness of Celebreality and Reality Stars
Authors: Tran Gina A. , Strutton David
Published: March 2014

Reality television programming (RTVP) was once simply an innovative entertainment phenomenon. But RTVP also has recently evolved into a mainstream promotional platform. Two new forms of celebrities arose during this progression: “reality” and “celebreality” stars. This study, which is grounded in connectedness theory, addresses an unresolved issue related to the use of celebrity endorsers, that is, how endorsers’ status as reality or celebreality stars influences viewers’ perceptions of, beliefs about, and purchase intentions toward products they endorse. These relationships were examined through SEM, as were the effects of viewers’ connectedness to RTVP stars and their perceptions regarding whether RTVPs are authentic. Four primary findings emerged. The observation that reality impacted viewer connectedness and that connectedness and authenticity impacted viewers’ purchase intentions (endorsement effectiveness) revealed various practical and theoretical contributions, as did the observation that endorsers’ celebreality or reality star status moderated each of these relationships.
Synthesis, characterization, and enhanced antibacterial activity of chitosan‐based biodegradable conducting graft copolymers
Authors: Cabuk Mehmet , Yavuz Mustafa , Ibrahim Unal Halil , Alan Yusuf
Published: March 2014

In this study, synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of chitosan‐based biodegradable conducting graft copolymers namely polyaniline‐g‐chitosan, polypyrrole‐g‐chitosan, and polythiophene‐g‐chitosan with chemical oxidation method using (NH4)2S2O8 and FeCl3 as initiators were investigated. Characterizations of the materials were carried out by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, UV–vis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity measurements. The grafting yield, grafting efficiency, particle sizes, dielectric constants, and densities of the conducting graft copolymers were determined. Grafting process improved the conductivities and thermal stabilities of the copolymers. The conducting polymer‐g‐chitosan copolymers were also tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms and relatively higher or equipotent antibacterial activities were determined against the microorganisms compared with Penicillin, Amikacin, Erythromycin, Rifampicin, and Trimethoprim antibiotics. POLYM. COMPOS. 36:497–509, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Temperature‐responsiveness and sustained delivery properties of macroporous PEG‐co‐PNIPAAm‐co‐PCL hydrogels
Authors: Li Zhao‐Xia , Lu Man‐Geng , Wu Kun , Zhang Yun‐Fei , Miao Lei , Li Yin‐Wen , Guo Hui‐Long , Zheng Jian
Published: March 2014

A series of novel thermosensitive macroporous poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐co‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)‐co‐poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) hydrogels were synthesized via in situ free radical polymerization. Poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDAc) and poly(ε‐caprolactone diacrylate) (PCLDAc) were prepared as macrocrosslinkers. All compounds were investigated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results showed the lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of the gels were at around 31°C. The macroporous gels not only had considerable swelling ratios, but also exhibited rapid swelling kinetics and response sensitivity. Above mentioned hydrogels showed a remarkable oscillatory swelling–deswelling transition, making them have potential application in long‐term drug delivery. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:223–230, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
In‐depth proteomic analysis of whole testis tissue from the adult rhesus macaque
Authors: Wang Jing , Xia Yankai , Wang Gaigai , Zhou Tao , Guo Yueshuai , Zhang Chao , An Xia , Sun Yujie , Guo Xuejiang , Zhou Zuomin , Sha Jiahao
Published: March 2014

The rhesus macaque is similar to humans both anatomically and physiologically as a primate, and has therefore been used extensively in medical and biological research, including reproductive physiology. Despite sequencing of the macaque genome, limited postgenomic studies have been performed to date. In studies aimed at characterizing spermatogenesis, we successfully identified 9078 macaque testis proteins corresponding to 8662 genes, using advanced MS and an optimized proteomics platform, indicative of complex protein compositions during macaque spermatogenesis. Immunohistochemistry analysis further revealed the presence of proteins from different types of testicular cells, including Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and various stages of germ cells. Our data provide expression evidence at protein level of 3010 protein‐coding genes in 8662 identified testis genes for the first time. We further identified 421 homologous genes from the proteome already known to be essential for male infertility in mouse. Comparative analysis of the proteome showed high similarity with the published human testis proteome, implying that macaque and human may use similar proteins to regulate spermatogenesis. Our in‐depth analysis of macaque spermatogenesis provides a rich resource for further studies, and supports the utility of macaque as a suitable model for the study of human reproduction.
Synthesis of hydrocarbon polymers containing bulky dibenzobicyclic moiety by ROMP and their characteristic optical properties
Authors: Shiotsuki Masashi , Endo Takeshi
Published: March 2014

The eight‐membered cyclic monomer, prepared by Diels–Alder reaction of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene and anthracene, polymerized via Ru‐catalyzed ring‐opening metathesis to efficiently afford high polymers (Mn up to 631,000). Unsaturated moieties in the main chain of the obtained polymer were hydrogenated with a homogeneous ruthenium catalyst in quantitative conversion, confirmed by 1H‐NMR measurement. The self‐standing membranes were provided by casting the tetrahydrofuran solutions of both nonhydrogenated and hydrogenated polymers. The obtained membranes showed high transparency in the region of >300 nm with mechanical flexibility. Thermal gravimetric analysis revealed that both nonhydrogenated and hydrogenated polymers decomposed in two stages. The first‐stage decomposition starting at around 230 °C was caused by retro Diels–Alder reaction forming anthracene, proven by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) analyses. Mechanical grinding of the polymers induced the formation of anthracene in solid state, which transformed the polymer into blue‐luminescent materials under UV irradiation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1392–1400
Application of proteomics in the study of rodent models of cancer
Authors: Terp Mikkel G. , Ditzel Henrik J.
Published: March 2014

The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the multistage processes of cancer progression and metastasis are complex and strictly depend on the interplay between tumor cells and surrounding tissues. Identification of protein aberrations in cancer pathophysiology requires a physiologically relevant experimental model. The mouse offers such a model to identify protein changes associated with tumor initiation and progression, metastasis development, tumor/microenvironment interplay, and treatment responses. Furthermore, the mouse model offers the ability to collect samples at any stage in tumor development from highly matched disease cases and controls with identical environmental and genetic backgrounds, thus providing an excellent method for biomarker discovery. Xenograft and genetically engineered mouse models have been widely used to identify proteomic patterns in tumor tissues and plasma samples associated with different stages of human cancer, including early cancer detection and development of metastasis. Here, we review proteomic strategies to identify proteins involved in key cancer processes within such animal models as well as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer progression and treatment response. Central to such studies is the ability to ensure at an early stage that the identified proteins are of clinical relevance by examining relevant specimens from larger cohorts of cancer patients.
RETRACTED: The developmental pattern of the RAS/RAF/Erk1/2 pathway in the BTBR autism mouse model
Authors: Yin Ailan , Qiu Yuwen , jia Bei , Song Tianrong , Yu Yanhong , Alberts Ian , Zhong Mei
Published: March 2014

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

The work described in this article was performed at the Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR), Staten Island, USA and not at the institution credited in the published article, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

This article has been retracted at the request of the IBR as the authors are not the owners of the data reported and they did not have permission to publish it.
Pathogenesis of varicose veins - lessons from biomechanics
Authors: Pfisterer Larissa , König Gerd , Hecker Markus , Korff Thomas
Published: March 2014

The development of varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency is preceded by and associated with the pathophysiological remodelling of the venous wall. Recent work suggests that an increase in venous filling pressure is sufficient to promote varicose remodelling of veins by augmenting wall stress and activating venous endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In line with this, known risk factors such as prolonged standing or an obesity-induced increase in venous filling pressure may contribute to varicosis. This review focuses on biomechanically mediated mechanisms such as an increase in wall stress caused by venous hypertension or alterations in blood flow, which may be involved in the onset of varicose vein development. Finally, possible therapeutic options to counteract or delay the progress of this venous disease are discussed.
Chalcones suppress fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation through a LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway in HepG2 cells
Authors: Zhang Tianshun , Yamamoto Norio , Ashida Hitoshi
Published: March 2014

Excessive lipid accumulation in the liver has been proposed to cause hyperlipidemia, diabetes and fatty liver disease.
A signal-on fluorescence biosensor for detection of adenosine triphosphate based on click chemistry
Authors: Sun Ning , Guo Qi , Shao Jingwei , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu , Wong K. Y. , Chen Guonan
Published: March 2014

A novel signal-on fluorescence biosensor for detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on the target induced recombination of split aptamer fragments and click chemistry is proposed.
RhNPs/SBA-NH2: a high-performance catalyst for aqueous phase reduction of nitroarenes to aminoarenes at room temperature
Authors: Ganji Saidulu , Enumula Siva Sankar , Marella Ravi Kumar , Rao Kamaraju Seetha Rama , Burri David Raju
Published: March 2014

A RhNPs/SBA-NH2 catalyst with <3 nm sized nanoparticles has been synthesized and used in the chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes at room temperature in aqueous medium with N2H4·H2O with high TOF.
Machine-assisted synthesis of modulators of the histone reader BRD9 using flow methods of chemistry and frontal affinity chromatography
Authors: Guetzoyan Lucie , Ingham Richard J. , Nikbin Nikzad , Rossignol Julien , Wolling Michael , Baumert Mark , Burgess-Brown Nicola A. , Strain-Damerell Claire M. , Shrestha Leela , Brennan Paul E. , Fedorov Oleg , Knapp Stefan , Ley Steven V.
Published: March 2014

Novel technologies were developed and used for the synthesis and evaluation of new triazolopyridazine BRD9 inhibitors.
Highly tunable polyurethanes: organocatalyzed polyaddition and subsequent post-polymerization modification of pentafluorophenyl ester sidechains
Authors: Sardon Haritz , Chan Julian M. W. , Ono Robert J. , Mecerreyes David , Hedrick James L.
Published: March 2014

A facile method for the synthesis of high molecular weight functionalized polyurethanes from a novel pentafluorophenyl ester-containing diol precursor is described.
Fabrication of polymeric Janus particles by droplet microfluidics
Authors: Lone Saifullah , Cheong In Woo
Published: March 2014

This review presents a short description of the polymeric Janus particles fabricated by droplet microfluidics.
Thermoelectric properties of the Yb9Mn4.2−xZnxSb9solid solutions
Authors: Ohno Saneyuki , Zevalkink Alexandra , Takagiwa Yoshiki , Bux Sabah K. , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: March 2014

The electronic mobility in the Zintl phase Yb9Mn4.2Sb9can be improved by substituting Zn on the Mn site, leading to an improved thermoelectric quality factor.
Human action recognition using weighted pooling
Authors: Zhou Wen , Wang Chunheng , Xiao Baihua , Zhang Zhong
Published: March 2014

Pooling strategies, such as max pooling and sum pooling, have been widely used to obtain the global representations for action videos. However, these pooling strategies have several disadvantages. First, they are easily affected by unwanted background local features, the absence of discriminative local features and the times of actions periodically performed by actors. Second, most pooling strategies only use local features to build the global representation that captures little mid‐level features for action representation. In this study, the authors propose a novel weighted pooling strategy based on actionlets representation for action recognition. The actionlets are defined as the movements of large bodies such as legs, arms and head, which capture rich mid‐level features for action representation. Besides, the authors’ method also incorporates the distribution information of actionlets into pooling procedure. Specifically, a pooling weight, which determines the importance of actionlet on the final video representation, is assigned to each actionlet. To learn the weight, they propose a novel discriminative learning algorithm to capture the discriminative information for pooling operation. They evaluate their weighted pooling on three datasets: KTH actions dataset, UCF sports dataset and Youtube actions dataset. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.