bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO E MERCADO DE TRABALHO: A RESPONSABILIDADE DAS EMPRESAS NA INCLUSÃO DA PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Aparecida Costa Larissa , Avansini da Silva Matheus
Published: February 2019

Given the importance of work to maintain minimum standards of quality of life and the central role it occupies in modern societies, it can notexclude individuals from the labor market who are considered as unfit, and to a large extent from the most varied social contexts. The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the valorization of human work through the inclusion of people with disabilities in the labor market, looking at the social as an important instrument for monitoring compliance with Law 8.213 / 1991. To establish, based on the dignity of the human person, the foundation of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the economic order, the responsibility of companies in the inclusion of persons with disabilities, legitimating mechanisms of accountability, results from the indispensability of granting maximum effectiveness to fundamental rights, which includes the right to work, as a condition sine qua non to the achievement of full citizenship.
DIREITOS ADQUIRIDOS POR COMUNIDADES INDIGENAS AO LONGO DA HISTORIA DO BRASIL
Authors: G. F. Miranda Andreas , L. Q.Chacur Rachel
Published: February 2019

This article aims to expose someof the securities acquired by the indigenous communities throughout the history of our country, in an attempt to elucidate the importance of these rights for the welfare of the Indian and his community. The paper analyzes several areas of law, which were necessary tools for validation of culture and proposal of rights to indigenous groups.
DIRETRIZES PARA GERENCIAMENTO DOS REQUISITOS DO CLIENTE E AGREGAÇÃO DE VALOR AO PROCESSO DE PROJETO
Authors: Alessandra Gaffuri Bruna , Carlos Rehme José , Ferrari Teixeira Stéphanie
Published: February 2019

The search for value generation has recently increased in the construction industryin the past decades. However,somedifficulties in capturing end-customer requirements, controlling the flow of information, and optimizing project development phases prevent a product development process from receiving greater value aggregation. The present research aims topropose a set ofstandards for the management of these steps.In this way, a case study wasdeveloped in a small architecture office inArapongas -PR, through the mapping of the project process. After a survey of the positive actions andlags of the current managementthe processesof the microenterprise weremodeledthrough an organizational software andthe information obtained was then contrasted by means oftheoretical references. This study enableda final set of guidelines to reduce management errors and sequence of activities to a minimum.
DO DEVER DE FUNDAMENTAR AS DECISÕES JUDICIAIS SOB O PRISMA CONSTITUCIONAL E O NOVO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: Amaral Assunção Correa Luana , Maria Silverio da Costa Dallefi Oliveira Nayara
Published: February 2019

The duty to justify judicial decisions is provided in art. 93, item IX, of the Federal Constitution of 1988, so that the judge must demonstrate the reasons that led him to proclaim a decision. Thus, the presentstudy intends to addressthe need for justification of judicial decisions, a requirement already enshrined in the Charter, which with the new civil procedural code, reaffirm this prerogative in the name of legal certainty. Based on bibliographical research, one can be concluded that the need for justification of judicial decisions, also foreseen in infraconstitutional legislation, is seen as one of the mechanisms to guarantee legal certainty,so that itseeks to confermore predictability and rationality.
CASASSA: A RELEVÂNCIA DE UM CENTRO DE ACOLHIMENTO PARA JOVENS LGBT MARGINALIZADOS NA CIDADE DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE-SP
Authors: Gasquez  de  Morais Felipe , Gabriela  Salvino  Contre Maria , Henrique dos  Santos  Leonel Moisés , Ruiz Maria Yeda , Martins de Aguiar Victor
Published: February 2019

This article aims to understand how the physical and social characteristics of the urban space contributes to the existence of marginalized populations in the city of Presidente Prudente -SP, focusing in the social vulnerability that the LGBT population (Lesbian, Gay,Bisexual, Transgender) are subjected to. This social panorama seeks to analyze and emphasize the importance of a space that functions as a shelter for this population, as is the case of LGBT Reception Houses, which are gradually emerging in Brazil. The importance and contribution of these spaces will be emphasized with the analysis of the CASASSA implantation process, the first project of this character in Presidente Prudente –SP, accentuating the history, the physical characteristics and the way the place is organized and related to the neighborhood in which it is inserted.
O MODELO GRAVITACIONAL DO TECIDO SOCIAL DO OESTE PAULISTA
Authors: Godinho Bertoncello Alexandre , Santos do Ó Souza Iago
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze, prepare and substantiate the relation of growth in the Western Region of Sao Paulo called “Oeste Paulista” with the concept of the gravitational model. The context of the region's growth is strongly exemplified in the 1980s and 1990s, the period being used to justify the focus on the gravitational model and to present its relations. Gravitational models are the first step indefining lines of work for the Mechanism design, used to analyze structures. The research group GDECOR has been working in this direction and the goal of this work is to qualitatively understand how the process of income and wealth creation in the regionsof the Western Region of Sao Paulo and their internal commercial relations is presented, exemplifying how the data are amenable to the application of the Model. Subsequently a quantitative study of the main indicators of the region will be done, which should be constructed as a Gravitational Model of the Social Fabric of the West of São Paulo, using Stata software and contributing to the elaboration of a model of socioeconomic development through Mechanism Design.
1 - hidróxi - 4 - oxo - 2,5 - ciclohexadieno - 1 - acetato de etila em Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don - Bignoniaceae
Authors: Silva Maria C. M. da , Silva Gilberto A. de A.B e , Siqueira Norma C.S. de , Bacha Catarina T. M. , Sant'Ana Belkis M.S.
Published: February 2019

1-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,5-ciclohadien-1-ethyl acetate has been isolated from leaves and fruits of Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don, Bignoniaceae growing in Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Refleksiv praksislæring i virtuelle, transparente læringsmiljøer
Authors: Olesen Monica Irene Krarup
Published: February 2019

Et undervisningsforløb tilrettelagt som blended learning (BL) inddrog ePortfolier som virtuelt værktøj og omdrejningspunkt for social læring og refleksion. Forløbet dannede afsæt for et forskningsprojekt, der ønskede at identificere de læringsfremmende faktorer, som de oplevedes af de pædagogisk diplomstuderende, og at undersøge, om den læring der fandt sted, kunne defineres som refleksiv praksislæring (RPL). I artiklen argumenteres for, at ePortfolie-metodikken skaber mulighed for transparente læringsmiljøer, og at asynkron og skriftlig kommunikation gennem bundne og praksisrettede refleksionsopgaver fremmer udvikling af professionel identitet og professionskompetencer  og lægger således op til RPL og udvikling af selvfaciliteringskompetencer.

Keywords: Virtuelle læringsfællesskaber, refleksiv praksislæring, ePortfolier.
Calcular e apresentar tamanhos do efeito em trabalhos científicos (1): As limitações do p < 0,05 na análise de diferenças de médias de dois grupos
Authors: Espirito Santo Helena , Daniel Fernanda Bento
Published: February 2019

A Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social exige que os autores sigam as recomendações do Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2010) na apresentação da informação estatística. Uma das recomendações da APA é de que os tamanhos do efeito sejam apresentados associados aos níveis de significância estatística.Uma vez que os valores de p decorrentes dos resultados dos testes estatísticos não informam sobre a magnitude ou importância de uma diferença, devem então reportar-se os tamanhos do efeito (TDE). De facto, os TDE dão significado aos testes estatísticos, enfatizam o poder dos testes estatísticos, reduzem o risco de a mera variação amostral ser interpretada como relação real, podem aumentar o relato de resultados “não-significativos” e permitem acumular conhecimento de vários estudos usando a meta-análise.Assim, os objetivos deste artigo são os de apresentar os limites do nível de significância; descrever os fundamentos da apresentação dos TDE dos testes estatísticos para análise de diferenças entre dois grupos; apresentar as fórmulas para calcular os TDE, fornecendo exemplos de estudos nossos; apresentar procedimentos de cálculo dos intervalos de confiança; fornecer as fórmulas de conversão para revisão da literatura; indicar como interpretar os TDE; e ainda mostrar que, apesar de frequentemente ser interpretável, o significado (efeito pequeno, médio ou grande para uma métrica arbitrária) pode ser impreciso, havendo necessidade de ser interpretado no contexto da área de investigação e de variáveis do mundo real.
Reabilitação Neuropsicológica Grupal de idosos institucionalizados com Défice Cognitivo sem Demência
Authors: Silva Giseli Fabiana , Espírito Santo Helena Maria , Costa Marina Fernandes , Cardoso Diana Catarina Marques , Vicente Filomena , Martins Sónia do Carmo , Lemos Laura
Published: February 2019

Contexto: O envelhecimento caracteriza-se frequentemente por alterações cognitivas que, por vezes, excedem o esperado para o envelhecimento normal. Estas alterações que não reúnem critérios de demência constituem o Défice Cognitivo sem Demência (DCSD) que, independente da etiologia, apresenta alta taxa de conversão para a demência. Objetivos: Investigar o efeito de um Programa de Reabilitação Neuropsicológica Grupal (PRNG) no funcionamento cognitivo, executivo e emocional de idosos institucionalizados com DCSD.Métodos: A amostra incluiu 24 idosos institucionalizados com DCSD, com idades entre os 67 e 92 anos. Doze idosos foram submetidos ao PRNG e doze idosos ficaram em lista de espera. O estudo teve um desenho quasi-experimental e cego na reavaliação. O PRNG decorreu em 10 sessões de 90 minutos cada, uma vez por semana. Avaliou-se pré e pós-intervenção através da Avaliação Cognitiva de Montreal, da Avaliação Breve do Estado Mental, da Bateria de Avaliação Frontal, da Escala da Depressão Geriátrica e da Escala da Solidão.Resultados: As ANCOVAs mostraram um efeito relevante do PRNG na melhoria do funcionamento executivo (ƞ2 = 0,26) e dos sentimentos de solidão (ƞ2 = 0,77), ambos com diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) na comparação entre o antes e depois da implementação do PRNG. No funcionamento cognitivo e na sintomatologia depressiva foi manifesto o agravamento no grupo de comparação (p < 0,05), sugerindo que o PRNG impede esse agravamento, mas a ANCOVA só foi significativa para o funcionamento cognitivo (ɳ2 = 0,26).Conclusão: O PRNG aplicado em idosos institucionalizados com DCSD oferece resultados promissores e evidencia eficácia na melhoria do funcionamento executivo e dos sentimentos de solidão. Impõe-se a replicação em amostras maiores e mais diversificadas e o estudo da generalização e manutenção dos resultados a longo prazo.
Escala de Autoeficácia para a Atividade com Sentido: Encontrando sentido no envelhecimento ativo
Authors: Oliveira Albertina , Lima Margarida Pedroso de , Portugal Patrícia
Published: February 2019

Objetivos: O presente artigo apresenta um estudo que visa aprofundar as qualidades psicométricas da Escala de Autoeficácia para a Atividade com Sentido (EAASentido), através de análises de fidelidade e validade. A escala foi desenvolvida a partir dos constructos teóricos da autoeficácia, da aprendizagem autodirigida e da atividade de pessoas de idade avançada no âmbito do projeto europeu PALADIN, com o objetivo de criar um instrumento apto a avaliar até que ponto os seniores se sentem confiantes para realizarem atividades com sentido, por si próprios. Método: A investigação é de natureza não experimental e incidiu sobre uma amostra de 503 seniores e idosos das regiões Norte e Centro de Portugal com uma média etária de 71,66 (51 a 96 anos) a quem foram aplicadas a EAASentido, a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (Rosenberg, 1989), a Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (Watson e Clark, 1994), a Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), o Meaning in Life Questionnaire (Steger, Frazier, Oishi e Kaler, 2006), a Escala de Autoeficácia para a Autodireção na Saúde (Oliveira, 2011) e a Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Lawton e Brody, 1969). Resultados: A consistência interna encontrada foi de 0,94 (alfa de Cronbach) e a validade de constructo revelou muito bons indicadores. No que respeita à análise de componentes principais, os resultados apontaram para três dimensões e não as cinco inicialmente previstas: atividades de desenvolvimento pessoal e participação social, atividades instrumentais, e atividades espirituais/religiosas. Analisadas as saturações dos itens propôs-se a reformulação da escala, eliminando cinco itens. A consistência interna global dos 15 itens manteve-se elevada (0,92). Conclusões: Conclui-se que a EAASentido, com 15 itens, é bastante consistente e adequada para avaliar em que medida os seniores têm confiança na sua capacidade para se envolverem em atividades com sentido (em termos de indicador global), possuindo boa validade de constructo. Em estudos futuros sugere-se a continuidade da avaliação da sua estrutura dimensional, nomeadamente através de análises confirmatórias.
Editorial
Authors: Simões Sónia
Published: February 2019

O número 1 deste segundo volume da RPICS integra cinco artigos originais, contando com os trabalhos de autore(a)s do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra e do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra. Ainda que, aparentemente, se debrucem sobre temáticas díspares, podem ser referenciados dois elementos agregadores para os cinco artigos deste número da RPICS. Por um lado, todos os artigos apresentados refletem trabalhos de investigação desenvolvidos junto de populações particularmente vulneráveis da nossa sociedade: idosos, doentes com cancro do pulmão, jovens acolhidos em Lares de Infância e Juventude e cuidadores informais de pessoas com deficiência. Por outro prisma, há ainda a referir que todos estes manuscritos ilustram uma preocupação comum, de estudar o papel de algumas varáveis protetoras no funcionamento intra e interpessoal dos indivíduos. Deste modo, numa perspetiva muito próxima à psicologia positiva, são estudados os benefícios das forças e virtudes humanas para o bem-estar do indivíduo, assim como é empreendido um esforço compreensivo sobre o papel mediador que algumas destas variáveis protetoras podem desempenhar face a fatores de risco para a psicopatologia.
Literacia em saúde mental acerca da depressão e abuso de álcool de adolescentes e jovens Portugueses
Authors: Loureiro Luís Manuel
Published: February 2019

Este estudo tem objectivos comparar a literacia em saúde mental dos adolescentes e jovens portugueses relativamente à depressão e ao abuso de álcool e analisar o padrão de respostas em termos de consistência e concordância para ambas as perturbações.A amostra é constituída por 4938 adolescentes e jovens, 43,0% do género masculino e 56,7% do género feminino, com uma média de idades de 16,75 anos, que frequentam as escolas do 3.º ciclo do ensino básico e do ensino secundário, pertencentes à Direção Regional de Educação do Centro.Os resultados revelam um nível de LSM modesto na generalidade das componentes. Ainda que se encontrem diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) em 88,00% dos itens da LSM, o que indicia diferentes formas de encarar ambos os problemas de saúde mental, os resultados revelam consistência em termos das  componentes conhecimentos e competências para prestar a primeira ajuda e apoio aos outros e conhecimentos acerca do modo de prevenção das perturbações mentais.
Avaliação breve do défice executivo em pessoas idosas com Acidente Vascular Cerebral: Validação da Bateria de Avaliação Frontal
Authors: Espirito-Santo Helena , Garcia Inês Queiroz , Monteiro Bárbara , Carolino Naír , Daniel Fernanda
Published: February 2019

Objetivos: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) potencia o desenvolvimento de disfunção executiva, conduzindo a défice no desempenho das tarefas do quotidiano. A avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas é importante para desenvolver estratégias de reabilitação adequadas. Assim, são objetivos descrever os dados normativos, precisão de diagnóstico, propriedades psicométricas e análise fatorial da Bateria de Avaliação Frontal (FAB), instrumento breve e de rápida administração, numa amostra de idosos com AVC.Métodos: Inserida no projeto Trajetórias do Envelhecimento de Idosos em Resposta Social, esta investigação conta com uma amostra de 112 pessoas idosas com diagnóstico médico de AVC e 157 pessoas idosas de um subgrupo de controlo sem AVC. Os sujeitos apresentam idades compreendidas entre os 60 e os 100 anos (M = 78,20; DP = 7,57) sendo maioritariamente do sexo feminino (n = 194). A avaliação inclui entrevistas e testes neuropsicológicos agrupados em medidas de funcionamento executivo, medidas cognitivas de referência e medidas clínicas de controlo.Resultados: As variáveis idade e escolaridade interferiram nas pontuações obtidas na amostra clínica, não sendo verificado impacto da variável sexo. Para um ponto de corte de 7, a FAB teve uma sensibilidade de 83,4% e especificidade de 66,1 % (AUC = 0,64); revelou um alfa de Cronbach de 0,79 e correlações fortes com os testes executivos (teste de Stroop, Figura Complexa de Rey, fator Atencional-Executivo do Montreal Cognitive Assessment e Alternância nos testes de Fluência verbal). A análise fatorial confirmatória apontou uma estrutura com um fator.Conclusões: A FAB apresenta boa consistência interna, validade convergente e validade de constructo, aparentando ser uma escala útil para avaliar o défice executivo em pessoas idosas com AVC. Dadas algumas limitações do estudo, que poderão explicar a fraca precisão diagnóstica da FAB, são incentivadas investigações futuras pois a FAB revelou-se um instrumento com propriedades psicométricas promissoras.
Editorial: A validade nos instrumentos de avaliação
Authors: Espirito Santo Helena
Published: February 2019

Face ao número crescente de artigos sobre a validação e usos de instrumentos de avaliação que chegam à RPICS, talvez seja o momento para refletir sobre a questão da validade dos mesmos. A RPICS espera que os autores nos seus artigos discutam explicitamente sobre a validade dos instrumentos na secção dos Métodos.  Caso os autores utilizem um instrumento estudado previamente com o mesmo formato, com as mesmas características de sujeitos e para o mesmo objetivo, então é suficiente citar a referência prévia. Caso o instrumento seja modificado, o número de itens alterado, o objetivo diferente ou o ponto de corte se modifique, então é necessário apresentar informação suplementar sobre a adaptação. No caso de novos instrumentos criados pelos autores, é essencial explicitar o decurso da elaboração, as medidas de confiabilidade, os resultados do estudo piloto e outras informações que credibilizem o uso do instrumento de avaliação. Seguem-se alguns conceitos fundamentais no domínio da validade e confiabilidade.
Dimensões da satisfação dos usuários da Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Sousa Laelson Rochelle Milanês , Mesquita Rafael Fernandes de , Matos Fátima Regina Ney , Moura Luana Kelle Batista , Moura Maria Eliete Batista
Published: February 2019

Objetivo: O objetivo foi analisar as variáveis explicativas da satisfação da qualidade de serviços da Estratégia Saúde da Família.Método: Estudo quantitativo realizado com 353 usuários da Estratégia Saúde da Família, atendidos na zona leste do município de Teresina (PI, Brasil). Utilizou-se a escala SERVQUAL, alimentada por um instrumento adaptado, com frases afirmativas e analisados por meio de técnicas multivariadas: análise fatorial e regressão múltipla.Resultados: As análises multivariadas possibilitaram a redução da escala utilizada para cinco dimensões da qualidade de serviços prestadas, que responderam pela explicação de 99,7% da variação do índice geral calculado e utilizado no modelo de regressão múltipla. Todos os pressupostos de ambas as técnicas foram respeitados.Conclusão: A confiabilidade foi a dimensão preponderante na percepção da qualidade de serviços e o modelo testado foi validado, tornando-se possíveis suas réplicas em outros contextos empíricos e a ampliação de seu escopo.
A Y-chromosome shredding gene drive for controlling pest vertebrate populations
Authors: Prowse Thomas AA , Adikusuma Fatwa , Cassey Phillip , Thomas Paul , Ross Joshua V
Published: February 2019

Self-replicating gene drives that modify sex ratios or infer a fitness cost could be used to control populations of invasive alien species. The targeted deletion of Y sex chromosomes using CRISPR technology offers a new approach for sex bias that could be incorporated within gene-drive designs. We introduce a novel gene-drive strategy termed Y-CHromosome deletion using Orthogonal Programmable Endonucleases (Y-CHOPE), incorporating a programmable endonuclease that ‘shreds’ the Y chromosome, thereby converting XY males into fertile XO females. Firstly, we demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas12a system can eliminate the Y chromosome in embryonic stem cells with high efficiency (c. 90%). Next, using stochastic, individual-based models of a pest mouse population, we show that a Y-shredding drive that progressively depletes the pool of XY males could effect population eradication through mate limitation. Our molecular and modeling data suggest that a Y-CHOPE gene drive could be a viable tool for vertebrate pest control.
Dynamic multi-species occupancy models reveal individualistic habitat preferences in a high-altitude grassland bird community
Authors: Maphisa David H. , Smit-Robinson Hanneline , Altwegg Res
Published: February 2019

Moist, high-altitude grasslands of eastern South African harbour rich avian diversity and endemism. This area is also threatened by increasingly intensive agriculture and land conversion for energy production. This conflict is particularly evident at Ingula, an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area located within the least conserved high-altitude grasslands and which is also the site of a new Pumped Storage Scheme. The new management seeks to maximise biodiversity through manipulation of the key habitat variables: grass height and grass cover through burning and grazing to make habitat suitable for birds. However, different species have individual habitat preferences, which further vary through the season. We used a dynamic multi-species occupancy model to examine the seasonal occupancy dynamics of 12 common grassland bird species and their habitat preferences. We estimated monthly occupancy, colonisation and persistence in relation to grass height and grass cover throughout the summer breeding season of 2011/12. For majority of these species, at the beginning of the season occupancy increased with increasing grass height and decreased with increasing grass cover. Persistence and colonisation decreased with increasing grass height and cover. However, the 12 species varied considerably in their responses to grass height and cover. Our results suggest that management should aim to provide plots which vary in grass height and cover to maximise bird diversity. We also conclude that the decreasing occupancy with increasing grass cover and low colonisation with increasing grass height and cover is a results of little grazing on our study site. We further conclude that some of the 12 selected species are good indicators of habitat suitability more generally because they represent a range of habitat needs and are relatively easy to monitor.
Reflections on Efforts Geared toward Improved Soil Fertility and Crop Yields in Kenya
Authors: Chebet Arusey , Njoroge Ruth , Ng’etich Wilson
Published: February 2019

A successful strategy aimed at enhancing crop productivity relies on its ability to be implemented practically in the field (farmers’ field). Many research-based activities and promising soil fertility technologies are largely not adopted. This paper examines the impact of the agricultural research conducted at the University of Eldoret, agricultural institutes and the government of Kenya projects at a farm level on crop yields. Precisely, this paper narrows down to research done with an aim of exploring system approaches that address soil phosphorus and its effect on increasing crop yields in Western Kenya. Strategies like the collaboration of scientists and non scientists (transdisciplinary process) produced successful results. A qualified soil test with differentiated soil testing recommendations increases the yield by about 1.5 t dry maize ha-1. Participating in a transdisciplinary process provides an additional surplus of about 1 t dry maize ha-1 yield. Economically, this is a highly attractive result; given that soil testing costs around 20 USD, a surplus of 1 t dry maize returns approximately 330 USD. Although literature registers success stories of many research work, there is slow and limited adoption rate of the output by farmers. We          suggest the development and expansion of transdisciplinary research and creation of Farmer Research Network to seek a one-size-fits-all solution for farmers to adopt technologies with proven success.
Physical and Conservational Diagnoses of the Hydrographic Micro-Bacy of Rio Farinha
Authors: Magalhães Cavalcante Albergma Estevão De Queiroz , De Mendonça Izaque Francisco Candeia , De Lima Joedla Rodrigues , Medeiros Felipe Silva de , Sousa Silva Roberta Patrícia de , Pereira Justino Sérvio Túlio , Freitas Amanda De Lira , De Almeida Ediglécia Pereira , Vidalett Sávio Ferreira
Published: February 2019

Introduction: The process of degradation of the environmental system of the Farinha river basin is due to soil inadequacy and natural factors.

Aims: The present work had as objective to evaluate the degree of deterioration of the environmental system of the hydrographic basin of the river Farinha the geo - referenced information are related to the physical characterization of the micro-basin based on the physical conservationist diagnosis of the Geographic Information Systems - GIS.

Methodology: The hydrographic basin of the Farinha River, located in the Center-West region of Paraíba, includes an area of 8.0915,8 ha. Images of the Landsat 8 satellite, OLI sensor in bands 3, 4 and 5 were applied, are classified as a visual and supervised process. With this, the software QGIS 2.18.17 generated vector data and the IDRISI Selva V.17, was used as a means to process the raster data. Under these conditions, the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the SRTM project was included for plans related to the polygonal delimitation of the micro-basin, characterizing a drainage network, compartmentalization and mean slope.

Results: The natural vegetation of the Caatinga presents as open tree shrub and closed arboreal, with the predominance of open vegetation, representing 48037 ha (59.4%). Concerning conflict analysis for land use, it was observed that compartment 1 was the only one that did not present such events. Compartment 2 resulted in a higher percentage of conflicts with 24.1%, however, areas with 4.2% have agricultural divergences, the 19.9% are due to livestock and mining activities. In relation to compartment 3 the area 6.3% is used for agriculture.

Conclusion: The physical-conservationist diagnosis of the micro-basin of the river Farinha presents an incorrect management, for this, a suitable study must be done to reduce the degradation of the area. Consequently, public policies are designed to interconnect communities living in these areas with their physical environment in a sustainable way.
Evaluation of Fertility Status of Soils under Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) in Akamkpa and Odukpani Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpa E. A. , Bello O. S. , Olim D. M.
Published: February 2019

The aim of this research was to investigate the fertility status of soils under Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) in Akamkpa and Odukpani Local Government Areas of Cross River State. Composite soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-15 cm under Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) using soil auger from fourteen (14) locations. The soil samples were analysed for some physico-chemical properties using standard procedures. Results obtained showed that the soils were predominantly sandy loam in both Akamkpa and Odukpani with a significant difference in the soil pH which was very strongly acid (mean pH in water =5.0). Organic carbon was high (26.00–41.00 g/kg) in Akamkpa and Odukpani (24.00 – 41.00 g/kg). Total nitrogen was medium (2.4–4.9 g/kg) in Akamkpa and low to medium (0.19 – 0.33%) in Odukpani. Available phosphorus was generally low (1.8-2.9 mg/kg) and (1.88 – 6.63 mg/kg) in both areas. Exchangeable calcium was low to medium (3.6-7.4 cmol/kg) in Akamkpa and medium to high (5.6-14.8 cmol/kg) in Odukpani. Magnesium contents were low (0.8-6.7 cmol/kg) and high (0.4 – 12.4 cmol/kg) in both areas. While exchangeable potassium (0.08 – 0.13 cmol/kg) and (0.09 – 0.13 cmol/kg) with sodium contents (0.06 – 0.08 cmol/kg) and (0.06 – 0.10 cmol/kg) were low. Exchangeable acidity of hydrogen (0.1 – 3.7 cmol/kg) was high in Akamkpa and low to medium (0.08-2.32 cmol/kg) in Odukpani and that of Aluminum contents (0.3 – 4.0 cmol/kg) and (0.0 – 4.0 cmol/kg) were generally low. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was low (4.5 – 11.4 cmol/kg) in Akamkpa and low to medium (7.2 – 24.01 cmol/kg) in Odukpani and those of Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC) was low to medium (9.2 – 15.9 cmol/kg) in Akamkpa but low and high (7.8 – 24.41 cmol/kg) in Odukpani. The Base Saturation was medium to high (37 – 96%) in Akamkpa and high (60.9 – 98.4%) in Odukpani. The studies revealed that soils under Bamboo had high organic matter content. This could be attributed to the bamboo leaf fall which enhances the increase of organic matter content.
Optical genome mapping: Unraveling complex variations and enabling precise diagnosis in dystrophinopathy
Authors: Mai Jiahui , Duan Jing , Chen Xiaoyu , Liu Liqin , Liang Dachao , Fu Tao , Lu Gang , Chan Wai Yee , Luo Xufeng , Wen Feiqiu , Liao Jianxiang , Li Zhuo , Lu Xinguo
Published: November 2024

Objective

Approximately 7% of individuals with dystrophinopathy remain undiagnosed at the genetic level using conventional genetic tests like multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS). We used the optical genome mapping (OGM) technology to detect and analyze uncommon mutations or structural variations (SVs) within the DMD gene, thus contributing to more precise clinical diagnoses.

Methods

We herein included eight patients with dystrophinopathy (six males and two females) in whom pathogenic variants of the DMD gene could not be accurately identified using MLPA and NGS. Clinical data were collected for all patients and genetic testing was performed using OGM.

Results

Conventional methods (MLPA and NGS) failed to detect pathogenic mutations in six out of eight individuals (four males and two females). OGM testing uncovered rare mutations in the DMD gene in four patients, including a pericentric inversion in chromosome X (one male), a complex rearrangement (one male), and two X–autosome translocations (two females). No mutations were detected in the remaining two male patients. OGM also accurately mapped balanced X–autosome translocations in female patients, defining chromosomal breakpoints. In the other two male patients in whom MLPA suggested non‐contiguous exon duplications or deletions in the DMD gene, OGM characterized one case as a complex rearrangement and the other as a deletion within the DMD gene.

Interpretation

OGM is a valuable diagnostic tool for dystrophinopathy patients with negative results from conventional genetic tests. It can effectively elucidate complex SVs and pinpoint breakpoints in X–autosomal translocations in female patients, facilitating prompt and appropriate interventions.
3D Printing of Multiscale Biomimetic Scaffold for Tendon Regeneration
Authors: Yao Ke , Lv Shang , Zhang Xinjie , Shen Kangning , Chen Yuewei , Ma Zhiyong , He Yong
Published: November 2024

Multi‐scale scaffolds with biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) structures are crucial for regenerative repair. Nevertheless, the intricate nature of nanostructures presents challenges when attempting to efficiently manufacture on a larger scale while maintaining bionics at the nanoscale. Here, a multiscale scaffold with hierarchical structures is designed to address these challenges, which can be biomimetic tendons from macro and micro to nanoscale. The multiscale biomimetic tendon (MBT) scaffold consists of a shell and core. The porous shell replicates the structure of a tendon sheath, offers mechanical support, and facilitates ease of sewing. The core scaffold comprises micro‐scale wave fibers with a nanohybrid Shish‐Kebab structure, designed to mimic the collagen fiber and fibril found in tendons. Additionally, the MBT scaffold demonstrates a strong tensile strength of 6.94 MPa and is shown to enhance the adhesion and proliferation of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Animal experiments have shown that the MBT scaffold can be surgically sutured in the tendon defect area to facilitate mechanical transduction and accelerate the regeneration of tendon tissue. The research combines the precise manufacturing of nano‐structures with efficient macro‐structure fabrication. It addresses the shortcomings of the disorder nanostructures and offers a fresh approach to creating multi‐scale bionic scaffolds.
Hybrid Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles for Synergizing Sonodynamic Therapy and Immunotherapy against Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Gong Jiali , Cheng Danling , Liu Changcun , Wu Shan , Sun Na , Zhao Lingzhou , Li Jingchao , Xing Yan , Zhao Jinhua
Published: November 2024

Tumor immunotherapy represents a highly promising modality for the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Nevertheless, its therapeutic efficacy has been profoundly impacted by challenges such as low drug uptake, hypoxia, and immunosuppression. To address these problems, the study develops a strategy combining sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and immunotherapy using biomimetic nanoparticles coated with hybrid membranes. The nanoparticles are loaded with semiconducting polymers (PFODBT), Atovaquone (ATO), and TMP195 to enhance biocompatibility, targeting ability, and drug uptake and retention at the tumor site. In in vitro experiments, the biomimetic nanoparticles alleviate hypoxia, induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), and prompt reprogramming of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) from M2 type to M1 type. In in vivo experiments, the synergistic effects of enhanced SDT‐mediated ICD and TAMs repolarization significantly inhibit the proliferation of primary and distant tumor in the 4T1 subcutaneous tumor model, and effectively attenuated metastasis of lung and liver. Moreover, the in vivo immune responses are further activated by improving the maturation of dendritic cells, filtration of CD8+ T cells, and depletion of regulatory T cells. This study offers a novel strategy for TNBC therapy by converting the tumor microenvironment from the “cold” into “hot” tumor through multiple synergistic therapies.
Combined Photopolymerization and Localized Photochromism by Aza‐Diarylethene and Hemiindigo Synergy
Authors: Sacherer Maximilian , Dube Henry
Published: November 2024

Molecular photoswitches produce light‐controlled changes at the nanometer scale and can therefore be used to alter the states and behavior of materials in a truly bottom‐up fashion. Here an escalating photonic complexity of material property control with light is shown using a recently developed aza‐diarylethene in combination with hemiindigo (HI) photoswitches. First, aza‐diarylethene can be used as a photoswitch in polystyrene (PS) to reversibly inscribe relief‐type 3D structures into PS. Second, aza‐diarylethene can further be used as a photoinitiator for light‐induced polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA), demonstrating for the first time light‐controlled chemical reactivity control with its zwitterionic switching state. Third, aza‐diarylethene and HIs are implemented into aza‐diarylethene polymerized MA, generating photochromic polymers. At the fourth level, a binary mixture allows to synergize aza‐diarylethene‐induced photopolymerization with localized photochromism changes of the simultaneously entrapped functional HI. With such multilevel light response, the utility of this particular photoswitch combination for applications in advanced photonic materials is demonstrated.
Aggregate Science: from Molecules, beyond Molecules
Authors: Ma Fulong , Zhang Siwei , Jiang Jinhui , Liu Yong , Sun Jianwei , Lam Jacky Wing Yip , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2024

Over the past centuries, molecular science has played a dominant role in the advancement of physical science by exploring the structure–property relationships at a single molecular level. However, when molecules form aggregates, a dilemma arises as the structures and properties often differ significantly from those of molecular constituents. To address this, the concept of aggregate science emphasizes a holistic approach to understanding the structures–properties relationship of substances. Despite the recognition of holism in aggregate research, there are still challenges in investigating the complex operations and interplays, particularly in understanding the newly emergent structures and properties in the macroscopic world. Therefore, there is a need to further advance the concept and methodology. In this regard, this perspective highlights three types of influences that aggregation exerts on substance properties: activation, transformation, and emergence. Furthermore, examples from aggregation‐induced emission research and related fields are provided to illustrate how aggregate science can be studied. This perspective emphasizes that the molecule is of significance and the structures and properties are also dramatically influenced by aggregation. Additionally, potential research methodologies, such as focusing on intra‐ and intermolecular interactions, adjusting aggregates morphology, and regulating the constituents, along with directions, and implications are offered for future studies.
Nickel Age of High‐Temperature Superconductivity
Authors: Chow S. Lin Er , Ariando A.
Published: November 2024

Unconventional high‐temperature superconductivity has long been a captivating puzzle in condensed matter physics. The 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics celebrated the discovery of high‐temperature superconductivity in copper oxide ceramics. Nearly four decades later, a broad class of high‐temperature superconducting oxides has yet to be demonstrated, and the fundamental understanding of the pairing mechanism remains inconclusive. Recently, nickel oxides have emerged as a new class of high‐temperature superconductors, beyond copper, where correlated phases can be controlled by doping, pressure, strain, and dimensionality. In this article, we provide our perspective on the recent developments and prospects of the nickel age of high‐temperature superconductivity.
Suppression of Hepatocyte Ferroptosis via USP19‐Mediated Deubiquitination of SLC7A11 in Ischemia‐Free Liver Transplantation
Authors: Xu Jinghong , Chen Shirui , Liu Di , Zhang Qi , Luo Tao , Zhu Jiaxing , Zhou Liang , Lin Yuan , Pan Hongyu , Chen Yichao , Zhao Qiang , Wang Tielong , Andrea Schlegel , Nashan Björn , Stefan Tullius G. , Cai Changjie , Cui Jun , He Xiaoshun , Guo Zhiyong
Published: November 2024

Ischemia‐free liver transplantation (IFLT) is developed as a novel clinical approach to avoid ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). This study aims to identify the most distinguished programmed cell death pathway in grafts undergoing IFLT versus conventional liver transplantation (CLT) and to explore the underlying mechanism. Ferroptosis is the most distinct programmed cell death form between IFLT and CLT grafts. Among various cell death inhibitors, the ferroptosis inhibitor (Ferrostain‐1) is the most effective one to prevent hepatocytes from damage induced by oxygen deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Hepatocyte ferroptosis is significantly alleviated in IFLT versus CLT grafts in both human beings and pigs. Ubiquitination enzyme screening identifies augmented amounts of ubiquitin‐specific protease 19 (USP19) in IFLT versus CLT grafts. The upregulation of USP19 in the grafts is correlated with reduced pathological Suzuki's score, lower post‐transplant peak liver enzyme level, and less early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients. USP19 overexpression mitigates post‐transplant liver injury in mice. Mechanistically, USP19 inhibits the degradation of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) by removing its K63‐linked ubiquitin chains. Notably, USP19 overexpression reduces ferroptosis and IRI in a SLC7A11‐dependent manner in mice. Collectively, USP19‐mediated suppression of hepatocyte ferroptosis via deubiquitinating SLC7A11 is a key mechanism by which IFLT abrogates graft IRI.
Exercise‐Activated mPFC Tri‐Synaptic Pathway Ameliorates Depression‐Like Behaviors in Mouse
Authors: Lan Tian , Li Ye , Chen Xiao , Wang Wenjing , Wang Changmin , Lou Haiyan , Chen Shihong , Yu Shuyan
Published: November 2024

Exercise is considered as playing a pivotal role in the modulation of emotional responses. However, a precise circuit that mediates the effects of exercise on depression have yet to be elucidated. Here, a molecularly defined tri‐synaptic pathway circuit is identified that correlates motor inputs with antidepressant effects. With this pathway, initial inputs from neurons within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) project to excitatory neurons in the gracile nucleus (GR), which in turn connect with 5‐HTergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), eventually coursing to excitatory pyramidal neurons within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Exercise activates this pathway, with the result that depressive‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors in mice are significantly reduced. In addition, it is found that exercise may exert antidepressant effects through regulating synaptic plasticity within this tri‐synaptic pathway. These findings reveal a hindbrain‐to‐forebrain neuronal circuit that specifically modulates depression and provides a potential mechanism for the antidepressant effects of exercise.
Triboelectric‐Inertial Sensing Glove Enhanced by Charge‐Retained Strategy for Human‐Machine Interaction
Authors: Yang Bo , Cheng Jia , Qu Xuecheng , Song Yuning , Yang Lifa , Shen Junyao , Bai Ziqian , Ji Linhong
Published: November 2024

As technology advances, human‐machine interaction (HMI) demands more intuitive and natural methods. To meet this demand, smart gloves, capable of capturing intricate hand movements, are emerging as vital HMI tools. Moreover, triboelectric‐based sensors, with their self‐powered, cost‐effective, and material various characteristics, can offer promising solutions for enhancing existing glove systems. However, a key limitation of these sensors is that charge leakage in the measurement circuit results in capturing only transient signals, rather than continuous changes. To address this issue, a charge‐retained circuit that effectively prevents triboelectric signal attenuation is developed, enabling accurate measurement of continuous finger movements. This innovation forms the foundation of a highly integrated smart glove system, enhancing HMI functionality by combining continuous triboelectric signals with inertial sensor data. The system showcases a diverse range of applications, including complex robotic control, virtual reality interaction, smart home lighting adjustments, and intuitive interface operations. Furthermore, by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the system achieves accurate recognition of complex sign language with an impressive 99.38% accuracy. This work presents a charge‐retained approach for continuous sensing with triboelectric‐based sensors, offering valuable insights for developing future multifunctional HMI and sign language recognition systems. The proposed smart glove system, with its dual‐mode sensing and AI integration, holds great potential for revolutionizing various domains and enhancing user experiences.
Sox6 and ALDH1A1 Truncation by Asparagine Endopeptidase Defines Selective Neuronal Vulnerability in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Nie Shuke , Li Bowei , Wang Mengmeng , Chen Zijun , Ren Jiayan , Li Zixuan , Xu Xinli , Qian Zhengjiang , Xie Zhongyun , Han Jianxin , Zhang Zhentao , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhu Yingjie , Chen Zuxin , Yang Xifei , Ye Keqiang
Published: November 2024

Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) demonstrate regionally selective susceptibility in Parkinson's disease (PD) compared to those in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, the molecular mechanism for this distinct vulnerability remains unclear. Here, it is shown that Legumain, also known as asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), is activated in a subgroup of SRY‐box transcription factor 6 /Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1, (Sox6+/ALDH1A1+) neurons in the ventral tier of the SNpc and cleaves Sox6 and ALDH1A1, leading to repression of Special AT‐rich sequence binding protein 1 (Satb1) that is a dimeric/tetrameric transcription factor specifically binding to AT‐rich DNA sequences, and toxic dopamine metabolite accumulation. AEP cuts Sox6 and ALDH1A1 in dopaminergic neurons that project to the locus coeruleus (LC), abolishing Sox6's transcriptive and ALDH1A1's enzymatic activities. Co‐expressing AEP‐truncated Sox6 and ALDH1A1 fragments in 3‐month‐old A53T SNCA transgenic mice accelerates dopamine degeneration, whereas expressing AEP‐resistant Sox6 N336A/N446A and ALDH1A1 N220A mutants alleviates rotenone‐induced PD pathologies. Hence, different circuitries and intrinsic properties of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc and VTA render differential predispositions in PD.
Ruthenium(II) Lipid‐Mimics Drive Lipid Phase Separation to Arouse Autophagy‐Ferroptosis Cascade for Photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Zheng Yue , Wang Wen‐Jin , Chen Jing‐Xin , Peng Kun , Chen Xiao‐Xiao , Shen Qing‐Hua , Liang Bing‐Bing , Mao Zong‐Wan , Tan Cai‐Ping
Published: November 2024

Lipid‐mediated phase separation is crucial for the formation of lipophilic spontaneous domain to regulate lipid metabolism and homeostasis, furtherly contributing to multiple cell death pathways. Herein, a series of Ru(II) lipid‐mimics based on short chains or midchain lipids are developed. Among them, Ru‐LipM with two dodecyl chains significantly induces natural lipid phase separation via hydrocarbon chain‐melting phase transitions. Accompanied by the aggregation of Ru‐LipM‐labeled lipophilic membrane‐less compartments, most polyunsaturated lipids are increased and the autophagic flux is retarded with the adaptor protein sequestosome 1 (p62). Upon low‐dose irradiation, Ru‐LipM further drives ferritinophagy, providing an additional source of labile iron and rendering cells more sensitive to ferroptosis. Meanwhile, the peroxidation of polyunsaturated lipids occurs due to the deactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and the overexpression of acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4), leading to the immunogenic ferroptosis. Ultimately, both innate and adaptive immunity are invigorated, indicating the tremendous antitumor capability of Ru‐LipM in vivo. This study presents an unprecedented discovery of small molecules capable of inducing and monitoring lipid phase separation, thereby eliciting robust immune responses in living cells. It provides a biosimulation strategy for constructing efficient metal‐based immune activators.