bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanocrystalline Ni–Zn spinel ferrites: size-dependent physical, photocatalytic and antioxidant properties
Authors: Mondal Nur Jalal , Sonkar Rahul , Boro Bitopan , Ghosh Mritunjoy Prasad , Chowdhury Devasish
Published: August 2023

In this work the size-dependent physical, photocatalytic and antioxidant properties of Ni–Zn spinel ferrites are demonstrated.
Tailoring photoluminescence and multifunctionalities of lanthanide coordination complexes employing ligand-controlled aggregation states
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Qianbo , Chen Zhiming , Lan Xin , Shi Wenjing , Li Zhiqiang
Published: August 2023

Employing controllable monomers or excimers of sensitized ligands, homonuclear (Eu3+) and heteronuclear (Eu3+ and Tb3+) complexes were fabricated and have been applied in white LED lighting and dynamic anti-counterfeiting.
Catalyst-controlled and visible light-induced acylmethylation and bromoacylmethylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman acetates with α-bromo ketones: access to highly functionalized 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds
Authors: Zhang De-Run , Hu Lin-Ping , Liu Feng-Lin , Huang Xiao-Hong , Li Xia , Liu Bo , Teng Ming-Yu , Huang Guo-Li
Published: August 2023

Catalyst-controlled and photoinduced acylmethylation and bromoacylmethylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman acetates with α-bromo ketones to construct highly functionalized 1,5-dicarbonyls with high yields, chemo- and regio-selectivities were reported.
Correction: A H2O2 self-sufficient nanoplatform with domino effects for thermal-responsive enhanced chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Shichao , Cao Changyu , Lv Xinyi , Dai Hanming , Zhong Zhihao , Liang Chen , Wang Wenjun , Huang Wei , Song Xuejiao , Dong Xiaochen
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘A H2O2 self-sufficient nanoplatform with domino effects for thermal-responsive enhanced chemodynamic therapy’ by Shichao Zhang et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 1926–1934, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SC05506A.
Life-cycle assessment of renewable fuel production via hydrothermal liquefaction of manure in Germany
Authors: Moser Leonard , Portner Benjamin W. , Penke Christina , Ebner Kathrin , Batteiger Valentin
Published: August 2023

The GWP of HTL fuels obtained from manure are analyzed using LCA. The main emission drivers and (dis-)advantages of different process configurations are identified. The potential emission savings from reduced manure storage durations are quantified.
From unique challenges to inspired solutions: how vector engineering makes in vivo gene therapy possible
Authors: Lyraki Rodanthi
Published: August 2023

Recent advances in designing safe and efficient viral vectors have spearheaded unprecedented growth in clinical trials and regulatory approvals for experimental gene therapies. Still, important challenges remain for gene therapies that require systemic administration into the circulation, including the patient’s immune response and the need for precise activation in the target cell population while sparing other tissues. Extensive research in engineering the vector’s external surface and genome has led to clever solutions, allowing novel in vivo therapies for previously untreatable genetic diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy to reach the clinic. In the future, we expect novel strategies, such as different viral vectors or non-viral delivery vehicles, to overcome the shortcomings of viral therapy.
Inhibition of insulin-degrading enzyme in human neurons promotes amyloid-β deposition
Authors: Rowland Helen A. , Moxon Samuel R. , Corbett Nicola J. , Hanson Kelsey , Fisher Kate , Kellett Katherine A.B. , Hooper Nigel M.
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by the aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the human brain. In age-related late-onset AD, deficient degradation and clearance, rather than enhanced production, of Aβ contributes to disease pathology. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of the two key Aβ-degrading zinc metalloproteases, insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP), to Aβ degradation in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. Using an Aβ fluorescence polarisation assay, inhibition of IDE but not of NEP, blocked the degradation of Aβ by human neurons. When the neurons were grown in a 3D extracellular matrix to visualise Aβ deposition, inhibition of IDE but not NEP, increased the number of Aβ deposits. The resulting Aβ deposits were stained with the conformation-dependent, anti-amyloid antibodies A11 and OC that recognise Aβ aggregates in the human AD brain. Inhibition of the Aβ-forming β-secretase prevented the formation of the IDE-inhibited Aβ deposits. These data indicate that inhibition of IDE in live human neurons grown in a 3D matrix increased the deposition of Aβ derived from the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. This work has implications for strategies aimed at enhancing IDE activity to promote Aβ degradation in AD.
Auditory Processing Disorder: Protocols and Controversy
Authors: Ismen Katherine , Emanuel Diana C.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

This study examined current auditory processing disorder (APD) protocols and audiologists' perspectives on the active debate seen in the literature regarding the status of APD as a unique disorder.

Method:

This study used a cross-sectional, nonexperimental survey design. The participants were 134 U.S. audiologists, representing diversity across experience level and work setting.

Results:

Popular APD tests from prior surveys remain popular, and a few new tests have emerged. Most audiologists use diverse strategies to identify potential comorbid disorders as part of their APD protocol, including multidisciplinary assessment and referral to other specialists. Most participants disagreed with the assertion that APD is not a unique disorder; however, many also pointed out that patients' struggles with listening need to be the primary focus of APD assessment and management, regardless of the label of the disorder. Qualitative analysis of participant comments on the controversy yielded six themes: Clinical Experience, Comorbidity, Listening Skills, Literature Support, Overdiagnosis, and More Information Needed.

Conclusion:

Most participants consider APD to be a unique disorder, citing clinical experience and the literature for support; however, many also indicated APD is complicated by comorbidity and APD may be overdiagnosed.
Optimal Dispatch of Battery Energy Storage Considering Cycling and Calendar Ageing
Authors: Vasylyev Andriy , Vannoni Alberto , Sorce Alessandro
Published: August 2023

The growing share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix and the liberalization of electricity markets drastically affected the operation of electricity generators. This transition from fossil fuel-based energy systems to renewable ones will significantly change the energy market, giving important opportunities for energy storage systems. In the next years, a large amount of storage capacity is foreseen to be integrated into the electricity grids to shave the demand peaks, mitigate price volatility, and provide services to the grid. In such a situation, to properly manage these crucial technologies, and thus guarantee the economic viability of the operation, it is essential to properly optimize the dispatch and define the best scheduling. This paper considers Battery Energy Storage (BES) to study the problem of dispatch optimization of storage technologies. The complete model of BES is developed, considering especially the effect of DoD (Deep of Discharge) on the total number of cycles, that influence significantly the degradation, and the influence of the current-rate on the total efficiency, due to the effects of losses for the Joule effect. The implemented optimization is based on a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach, the discretization of the state of charge (SoC), and the continuous update of rated capacity until the maximum admissible fade is reached. Different scenarios are compared showing how the effectiveness of the proposed approach at maximizing the net operational profits or minimizing the loss depending on the profitability of markets.
Impact of management strategy on green methane production from wind energy
Authors: Pignataro Valeria , Liponi Angelica , Bargiacchi Eleonora , Ferrari Lorenzo
Published: August 2023

Mitigating the effects of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions requires the adoption of sustainable practices and the promotion of renewable energies. However, in an energy scenario strongly dominated by intermittent energy sources, storage systems are becoming increasingly important. In this context, the conversion of renewable energy peaks into green hydrogen can be considered an interesting possibility. Furthermore, the use of power-to-gas systems solves, at least in a transition phase, the problems associated with the lack of infrastructure dedicated to hydrogen. In this study, a power-to-gas system producing synthetic methane from wind energy was modelled. Three management strategies were implemented and compared to assess the flexibility and versatility of the system. Results showed the importance of using an intermediate hydrogen storage tank to reduce the amount of surplus hydrogen. However, the choice of a management strategy depends on the purpose for which the power-to-methane system is designed.
Thermodynamic analysis for SOFC/ICE integration in hybrid systems for maritime application
Authors: Elkafas Ahmed G. , Barberis Stefano , Rivarolo Massimo
Published: August 2023

As the International Maritime Organization has set 2030 and 2050 targets to reduce the environmental impact of the maritime sector, it is mandatory to investigate innovative solutions aimed at fuel saving and reduction of ship emissions. In this paper, the integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) is investigated for maritime application, targeting a short-sea ferry as a case study operated by a marine gas engine (MGE) rated 750 kW. The paper aims to model via an in-house tool (WTEMP) the proposed hybrid system and study thermodynamic interaction among the two main energy systems, SOFC and ICE, considering blending anode-off gas from the SOFC with natural gas in the ICE. The results showed relevant efficiency enhancement and fuel/CO2 emission savings if compared with traditional MGE while the main source of exergy loss of the hybrid system is ICE.
A multi-criteria approach for assessment of maritime sector energy systems
Authors: Montagna G.N. , Piccardo S. , Lamberti T. , Magistri L. , Rivarolo M.
Published: August 2023

This paper describes a multi-criteria tool for the performance comparison of alternative and conventional on board energy systems for maritime sector, both for hotel and propulsion loads, depending on the mission taken into account. The tool, named HELM (Helper for Energy Layouts in Maritime applications), carries out this analysis based on an extended and up-to-date market database of many technologies in terms of power units and suitable fuel storage systems. A wide range of maps has been created, correlating costs, volumes, weights, emissions and fuel environmental hazards with the installed power and the operational hours, given by the user as input. In this work, different maritime vessels typologies are investigated and the choice of the best solution is performed for each one, considering the single evaluation parameters. It is worth noting that the multi-criteria analysis carried out has a general approach, allowing it to give preliminary information on the energy system, in order to respect new requirements (e.g. more and more stringent normative in terms of pollutant emissions in ports and restricted areas). HELM can be used for many design approaches, either for a new ship project or for already existing ships retrofit; furthermore, the database can be easily extended to other generation and storage technologies.
A virtual reality learning platform for steam generators
Authors: Mantelli Luca , Traverso Alberto , Lupinetti Katia , Giannini Franca , Monica Luigi , Anastasi Sara
Published: August 2023

Virtual reality (VR) has proven to be an effective tool for industrial training, offering immersive and interactive learning experiences. However, it is important to accurately simulate the behavior of the equipment in order to provide realistic training activities to the users.

On these premises, the PITSTOP project aims at developing an immersive learning tool, based on the integration of dynamic models and a VR environment. Following this methodology, the first learning platform for industrial-scale steam generators was created. Adopting a mixed physics-based data-driven approach, a fast but accurate dynamic model was developed and calibrated on real data of the auxiliary steam generator of the gas turbine combined cycle plant of Tirreno Power in Vado Ligure, Italy. Accessible through an Oculus Quest VR headset, the platform allows learners to interact with a virtual steam generator and adjust control parameters to observe the effects on the system. In this way, learners can gain a better understanding of steam generation principles and practice problem solving and decision-making skills in a safe, controlled environment. The platform also provides teaching materials and an evaluation mode such that learners can assess their knowledge and estimate the correctness of their actions. This article presents an overview of the VR learning platform, with a focus on the specific features of an industrial scale application. The capabilities of the tool are demonstrated through the recreation of real operational procedures of the Tirreno Power steam generator within the VR platform.
Techno-economic analysis of innovative solutions for island grids with high renewable solar share
Authors: Dubey Abhishek , Sorce Alessandro , Rivarolo Massimo , Traverso Alberto , Sala Silvio
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of a hybrid dispatch strategy on an island through conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) and innovative gas turbine (GT) with pressure gain combustion (PGC) in the presence of renewable solar-PV. Plant configurations with conventional technologies were defined based on established industrial data, and specifications of novel PGC-GT technology were estimated using the industrial data of conventional GT and on-design results available in the literature. Optimization of the operational strategy was conducted in WECoMP, a modular and flexible software tool developed by Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) at the University of Genova. The performance of different hybrid plants was analyzed in terms of annual production, fuel consumption, curtailment, CO2 emissions, cost, and sensitivity to fuel price. This is complemented by a parallel paper investigating the mechanical rotating inertia features of such prime movers, further supporting their suitability in enabling the integration of non-dispatchable renewables. Results showed that the 2-stroke ICE technology provided the best performance in terms of emissions and cost. Moreover, for all dispatchable prime movers, minimum LCOE occurred at an optimum value of PV capacity that facilitated annual CO2 reduction by 58.6 kton and LCOE reduction by 8.9 €/MWh. Finally, the optimum PV capacity was found to increase with fuel price, signifying the environmental benefits of high fuel prices.
Technical feasibility study of a renewable fuel cell/electrolyzer poly-generative system
Authors: De Lorenzo Giuseppe , Corigliano Orlando , Piraino Francesco , Genovese Matteo , Fragiacomo Petronilla
Published: August 2023

Recently the European Commission presented the REPowerEU plan to rapidly reduce dependence on fossil fuels, accelerate the green transition and tackle the climate crisis through greater and better use of renewable energy sources. In Europe from 2035 with the “Fit for 55” climate package, pure electric or hybrid fuel cell electric vehicles will replace new pure or hybrid ICE vehicles fed by gasoline or diesel to reduce pollution and the generation of climate-altering gas emissions. Based on this context, in this article a poly-generative energy system for the hydrogen, electric and thermal powers production is defined to satisfy the needs of pure electric or hybrid fuel cell electric mobility and/or the electric/thermal loads of a residential building located in Rende (Italy) on two typical winter and summer days. It consists mainly of an SOFC system fed by biogas or bio-methane in cogenerative arrangement, a photovoltaic system and a PEM electrolyzer. Technical feasibility study results of the system show that for the mixed fleet of 30 vehicles the output electrical and thermal powers and hydrogen production are respectively 60 kW, 19 kW, 3.1 kg (biogas) and 60 kW, 33 kW, 3.1 kg (bio-methane). Furthermore, the system covers totally the electric load in summer day and at 80% (biogas) or totally (bio-methane) the thermal load for hot water production in summer and winter days.
Methods for analyse performance in distributed systems
Authors: Sukhoplyuev Danil , Nazarov Alexey
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze various methods for measuring central tendency in statistics, including arithmetic mean, median, winsorized mean, outlier exclusion method, Hodges-Lehmann estimator, and quantile estimation and much more. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are discussed, as well as their practical applications in performance analysis in distributed systems. In particular, we focus on the importance of selecting an appropriate measure of central tendency that is robust to outliers and accurately reflects the distribution of the data. We also provide examples of how these methods can be applied to real-world datasets to gain insights into the underlying patterns and trends. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the different techniques for measuring central tendency and offers practical guidance for researchers and analysts looking to make informed decisions about perfomance analysis.
Thermodynamic method of calculating the contact units of HVAC systems based on the humidity potential theory
Authors: Shiryaeva Nina , Gvozdkov Alexander , Suslova Olga
Published: August 2023

A considerable part of the used in the air conditioning systems energy is connected with heat- and moisture processing of air. Higher efficiency in the work of contact units is related to some features of heat and moisture processes in their working space. In the given article a new thermodynamic approach to the analysis and calculation of heat and moisture exchange in the air conditioning systems contact units is suggested. It is based on the theory of humidity potential. The proposed solutions enabled to reveal new ways of more effective air treatment for contact units and to optimize their regime performance and constructing elements.
Developing a self-funding model for private schools in Jordan
Authors: Varouqa Nancy , Tabieh Ahmad
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study was to identify the sources of self-financing in private Jordanian schools from the perspective of shareholders, the challenges that limit the increase and diversification of self-financing sources, and the actual procedural steps that school principals need to take to increase and diversify these sources in private schools. The researcher used the mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) as the general method for the study. To achieve the objectives of the study, two instruments were used to collect data. The first was a one-on-one semi-structured interview with school shareholders to explore the sources of self-financing of private schools, and the second was a five-scale questionnaire that included two axes. The first axis refers to the actual procedural steps taken by private school principals to increase and diversify sources of self-financing. The second axis was intended to capture the challenges faced by principals of these schools that limit their ability to increase and diversify these resources. The validity and reliability of the study instruments were tested. The study sample included (50) shareholders and (250) school principals in the capital city of Amman.The results of the study showed that from the shareholders’ perspective, school fees ranked first in relative importance as a source of self-financing for private schools and that the best executive measure that would lead to increased self-financing is the “Providing additional paid academic services for students (notes, question banks, photocopying, etc).” The results also showed that the biggest challenge that would limit self-financing is the “Limited purchasing power of local community members in light of emergency crises such as the Corona pandemic.” The findings also showed that school principals believe that expanding executive procedures to diversify resources would reduce the challenges they might face. The study recommended the development of a strategic plan to diversify the self-financing sources of private schools in Jordan to reduce their dependence on student fee as basic funding, as well as the development of an appropriate procedural guide to assist school principals in implementing the strategic plan.
Modified boron-carbon nanotubes as effective sensor devices for environmental pollution control
Authors: Dryuchkov Evgeniy , Zaporotskova Irina , Zvonareva Daria
Published: August 2023

In this article, a theoretical study of the sensing properties of a functionalized amino-group boron-carbon nanotube of the zig-zag type (6.0) containing equal amounts of carbon and boron is discussed. Such a nanotube could act as an element of a sensor device for environmental protection. The simulation was performed within a molecular cluster model using the DFT computational method, the B3LYP functional and the 6-31G basis set. The main characteristics of nanotube functionalization, its sorption and sensory activity with respect to the alkali metal atoms Li, Na, and K are obtained. It is concluded that the system can be used to detect the presence of alkali metal atoms.
Phytotherapeutische Behandlung verschiedener Erkrankungen bei kleinen
Heimtieren
Authors: Rodenbücher Anna Lena
Published: August 2023

Kaninchen, Meerschweinchen, Chinchillas, Degus, Ratten, Hamster, Mäuse
und Co haben unterschiedliche Bedürfnisse an Haltung, Management und
Fütterung. Die Phytotherapie kann bei kleinen Heimtieren gut
prophylaktisch, unterstützend oder zum Teil auch alleinig zur Behandlung
verschiedenster Erkrankungen eingesetzt werden.
Influence of Femoral Position and Pelvic Projection on Norberg Angle Measurements
Authors: Klever Julius , Brühschwein Andreas , Hauser Sarah , Hoffmann Anne-Sophie , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea
Published: August 2023

Objective Canine hip dysplasia is a common orthopaedic disease in dogs. The Norberg angle value is a measure of hip joint laxity. The aim of this study was to quantify the degree of rotation necessary to consider the radiograph as inadequately positioned and to determine the influence of rotation on the Norberg angle.

Study Design Three sets of radiographs with different positioning and projections were acquired using 10 canine cadavers. Rotation of the pelvis was simulated by rotating the X-ray tube without changing the position of the patient.

Results In dorsoventral projections, the Norberg angle value is increased by 3.2 to 5.8%. Due to rotation along the long axis, the Norberg angle increases on one side and decreases on the contralateral side by approximately the same value. Rotation of greater than 2 degrees in a lateral direction is visually perceived by the observer as tilted. Rotation of the projection in the caudoventral to craniodorsal direction causes mild increase of the Norberg angle (≤1%), while rotation of the projection in a cranioventral to caudodorsal direction causes moderate (≤2%) decrease of the Norberg angle. Rotation of less than –10 degrees (caudoventral to craniodorsal) or greater than 10 degrees (cranioventral to caudodorsal) is visually perceived as tilted.

Conclusion Tilted images that are subjectively perceived evaluable have only little effect on the Norberg angle and are therefore probably acceptable. Dorsoventral projections can be recognized based on the proximal position of the patella and should be excluded from evaluation, as the Norberg angle value can be falsely increased.
Synthesis of AlOxNy thin films using a two-step PE-ALD process
Authors: Zeghouane Mohammed , Fernandes Paes Pinto Rocha Pedro , Boubenia Sarah , Bassani Franck , Lefevre Gauthier , Labau Sebastien , Vauche Laura , Martinez Eugénie , Veillerot Marc , Salem Bassem
Published: August 2023

Homogeneous AlOxNy thin films with a controlled nitrogen composition, up to 7.1%, were grown on GaN substrate using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. This was achieved through repeated cycles consisting of AlN thin layers deposition and subsequent in situ O2 plasma oxidation under optimized conditions. We demonstrate that the nitrogen concentration in AlOxNy films can be finely tuned from 1.5% to 7.1% by a precise control of the AlN thin film thickness from 0.25 to 0.96 nm before each oxidation step. It is shown also that higher AlN thickness, ≥1.96 nm, leads to an incomplete plasma oxidation of AlN films, resulting in the formation of AlOxNy/AlN-like structures. Several structural and physic-chemical characterizations, including focused ion beam-scanning transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, XPS, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry were performed to confirm these findings. These results highlight the importance of this approach for growing homogeneous AlOxNy thin films with controlled nitrogen doping, which can be used as dielectrics in gate stacks for high performance GaN-based transistors.
Molecular dynamics study on nanoscale scratch characteristics of FeNiCrCoAl high-entropy alloy
Authors: Luo Liang , Wu Jinzhong
Published: August 2023

The preparation process of FeNiCrCoAl high-entropy alloy at the atomic scale was simulated using molecular dynamics, and its microstructure was analyzed to study its micro-mechanical properties during nanoscale scratching. The simulation results showed that FeNiCrCoAl primarily experienced main frictional forces from the [010] direction and radial frictional forces from the [001] direction during the nanoscale scratching process. All three frictional forces exhibited certain fluctuations, which were partly attributed to the formation of face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed atomic structures during frictional wear. In addition, plastic flow was observed continuously within the high-entropy alloy matrix. Furthermore, the effects of temperature and Fe atomic content on the nanoscale scratch characteristics of FeNiCrCoAl high-entropy alloy were investigated. The results indicated that an increase in temperature resulted in a nonlinear decrease in frictional forces and a reduction in the quantity of the two types of phase-transition atomic structures formed. Increasing the Fe atomic content induced lattice distortion effects in the high-entropy alloy, leading to an increase in the potential energy of the matrix and the formation of more phase-transition atomic structures, thus hindering the frictional wear process of FeNiCrCoAl high-entropy alloy.
The effects of frequency, duration, and intensity on L2 learning through Duolingo
Authors: Sudina Ekaterina , Plonsky Luke
Published: August 2023

Instructed second language (L2) research has frequently addressed the effects of spacing, or, alternatively, the
distribution of practice effects. The present study addresses Rogers and Cheung’s
(2021) concerns about the ecological validity of such work via a natural experiment (Craig et al., 2017). Learners’ self-determined exposure and in-app behavior were examined in relation to
language gains over time. Duolingo learners of Spanish or French (N = 287) completed a background questionnaire,
scales measuring L2 motivation and grit, and two tests of L2 proficiency before and after a six-month period of user-controlled
app usage. Total minutes of app exposure exhibited a correlation with written but not oral proficiency gains. More dependable
correlates of gains were frequency- and curriculum-oriented measures. Additionally, L2 grit and motivation were weakly to
moderately correlated with several in-app behaviors. We conclude with implications for how apps can best be leveraged to produce
L2 gains.
Syntax and music for interaction
Authors: Geva Yuval
Published: August 2023

Multimodal constructions which intertwine language and music are characteristic of the discourse of creative
encounters among musicians. This interactional linguistic study reports on one such construction: the ‘music-taking-predicate’
(MTP) construction. MTP constructions consist of a projective verbal predicate, and a stretch of sung or played musical expression
following it. Based on naturalistic video data of Hebrew-speaking musicians in rehearsals and production sessions, I show that
instances of this construction emerge as formulae for the achievement of several interactional tasks integral to the process of
joint music making.
Slowly evolving horizons in Einstein gravity and beyond
Authors: Tarafdar Ayon , Bhattacharjee Srijit
Published: August 2023

We study event horizon candidates for slowly evolving dynamical black holes (BHs) in General Relativity and Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. Such a type of horizon candidate has been termed as slowly evolving null surface (SENS). It signifies a near-equilibrium state of a dynamic BH. We demonstrate the time evolution of such surfaces for three different metrics. First, we locate such a surface for a charged Vaidya metric and show that the parameter space of the BH gets constrained to allow a physically admissible SENS. We then consider a supertranslated Vaidya solution that contains a non-spherical horizon and study the properties of the SENS. This spacetime generates a non-vanishing shear at the SENS due to the presence of the supertranslation field. The SENS for a spherically symmetric Vaidya-like solution in EGB gravity yields a bound on the accretion rate that depends on the size of the horizon. We also show that the first and second laws of BH mechanics can be established for these slowly evolving surfaces.
Photodetector based on Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite microwires with broader band detection
Authors: Yan Yongxu , Li Zhexin , Lou Zheng
Published: August 2023

Recently, the two-dimensional (2D) form of Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite (RPP) has been widely studied. However, the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) RPP is rarely reported. Here, we fabricated a photodetector based on RPP microwires (RPP-MWs) and compared it with a 2D-RPP photodetector. The results show that the RPP-MWs photodetector possesses a wider photoresponse range and higher responsivities of 233 A/W in the visible band and 30 A/W in the near-infrared (NIR) band. The analyses show that the synthesized RPP-MWs have a multi-layer, heterogeneous core-shell structure. This structure gives RPP-MWs a unique band structure, as well as abundant trap states and defect levels, which enable them to acquire better photoresponse performance. This configuration of RPP-MWs provides a new idea for the design and application of novel heterostructures.
Spin injection into heavily-doped n-GaN via Schottky barrier
Authors: Sun Zhenhao , Tang Ning , Chen Shuaiyu , Zhang Fan , Fan Haoran , Zhang Shixiong , Wang Rongxin , Lin Xi , Liu Jianping , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo
Published: August 2023

Spin injection and detection in bulk GaN were investigated by performing magnetotransport measurements at low temperatures. A non-local four-terminal lateral spin valve device was fabricated with Co/GaN Schottky contacts. The spin injection efficiency of 21% was achieved at 1.7 K. It was confirmed that the thin Schottky barrier formed between the heavily n-doped GaN and Co was conducive to the direct spin tunneling, by reducing the spin scattering relaxation through the interface states.
Enhanced efficiency of the Sb2Se3 thin-film solar cell by the anode passivation using an organic small molecular of TCTA
Authors: Hu Yujie , Chen Zhixiang , Xiang Yi , Cheng Chuanhui , Liu Weifeng , Zhan Weishen
Published: August 2023

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is an emerging solar cell material. Here, we demonstrate that an organic small molecule of 4, 4', 4''-tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA) can efficiently passivate the anode interface of the Sb2Se3 solar cell. We fabricated the device by the vacuum thermal evaporation, and took ITO/TCTA (3.0 nm)/Sb2Se3 (50 nm)/C60 (5.0 nm)/Alq3 (3.0 nm)/Al as the device architecture, where Alq3 is the tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum. By introducing a TCTA layer, the open-circuit voltage is raised from 0.36 to 0.42 V, and the power conversion efficiency is significantly improved from 3.2% to 4.3%. The TCTA layer not only inhibits the chemical reaction between the ITO and Sb2Se3 during the annealing process but it also blocks the electron diffusion from Sb2Se3 to ITO anode. The enhanced performance is mainly attributed to the suppression of the charge recombination at the anode interface.
Tellurium-loaded organic scintillators
Authors: Suslov I. , Nemchenok I. , Klimenko A. , Bystryakov A. , Kamnev I.
Published: August 2023

The R&D results of new tellurium-loaded liquid and plastic scintillators (TeLS and TePS) for the experiments on the search for neutrinoless double beta decay are presented. Linear alkylbenzene and polystyrene are used as a scintillation base for TeLS and TePS, respectively. Diphenyltellurium di-2-ethylhexanoate and a complex compound of diphenyltellurium oxide and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid are proposed as tellurium-containing additives. The transparency, light yield and long-term stability of the organic scintillators are discussed.
Resource potential of the genus Triticum and its use in world agriculture
Authors: Zakharova N N , Zakharov N G
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the genetic potential of the genus Triticum, the extent of distribution of its main species T. aestivum L., the area of this crop in the context of parts of the world, countries of the world. The dynamics of sown areas, yields, gross yields of wheat grain for the 60-year period (1961-2020) is also presented. It has been established that on a global scale, with a slight decrease in wheat sown areas (by 122 thousand hectares every five years), there is a steady increase in its yield (by 0.202 t/ha every 5 years) and an increase in gross grain production (by 43.565 million tons every 5 years ).
Influence of the sowing time on the productivity and efficiency of Sarepta mustard in the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Samelik E G , Burda A G , Kosnikov S N , Logoida T V , Maksimenko E P
Published: August 2023

When sowing any agricultural crop, a number of requirements must be observed. One of these requirements is the right sowing time, because it has a great influence on the quality and quantity of the crop. In this study, using the example of Sarepta mustard, the influence of the sowing time on the yield of agricultural crops was revealed.
The influence of bacteriophages on the manifestation of their pathogenic properties by Xanthomonas campestris bacteria
Authors: Maiorov P S , Feoktistova N A , Suldina E V , Khasanova V S
Published: August 2023

The use of bacteriophages to control the development of different bacterioses, including those caused by bacterium Xanthomonas campestris is one of the most promising areas of development in the field of plant protection. At the same time, the selection of the most active bacteriophages and the determination of parameters of their use remains one of the most urgent tasks of this direction. The use of phage preparations with low initial concentration of phage particles may not only prevent the development of bacterial disease, but also lead to the emergence of phage-resistant bacterial strains. In this paper, the influence of bacteriophages in various concentrations on bacterial strains and the possibility of latter infecting the host plant is analyzed. It was established that the treatment of bacterial suspensions by bacteriophages with a titer of 107-108 PFU/ml excluded the development of disease in plants inoculated with this bacterial suspension. In case of a decrease in the initial titer of bacteriophage, in some cases, symptoms of the development of the disease began to appear, down to the point that after treatment of bacterial suspensions by phages with a titer of 103 PFU/ml, the development of bacterial disease in host plants inoculated with this bacterial suspension was noted in all the studied cases.
Analysis of meteorological data of the reanalysis model NCEP GFS for the atmosphere of Krasnoyarsk city
Authors: Volodko O S , Buryak N A , Dergunov A V
Published: August 2023

Air pollution is an important problem for cities. Krasnoyarsk city is one of the dirtiest cities in the Russian Federation. Meteorological conditions have a significant impact on air pollution. In the present study, for constructing a regression model of forecasting periods of high levels of air pollution, the dimension of meteorological data of the global atmospheric model National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (NCEP GFS) was reduced. The meteorological data were collected between June 2019 and March 2022. To reduce the dimension of meteorological data were used correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). These methods also resolved the problem of collinearity between independent variables. The same meteorological parameters of different vertical layers were reduced from 157 to 58 using correlation analysis. The principal component analysis made it possible to reduce the data dimension to 18 principal components that contain 90% of the total variance. The first 5 principal components contain 71% of the total variance. The principal components will be used to construct the principal components regression.
Growth regulators efficiency in onion planting material preparataion
Authors: Blagorodova E N , Varfolomeyeva N I , Nepshekueva T S
Published: August 2023

Winter onion culture compares favorably with spring production with early harvest dates. In the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory, the first products arrive at the end of May-the first decade of June. However, obtaining a guaranteed harvest largely depends on the plants winter hardiness, which is determined not only by the prevailing conditions of overwintering, but also by the elements of growing technology, which include pre-planting preparation of seed onion. The article presents the results of studies on the influence of growth regulators used for soaking the sowing before planting for winter hardiness, the timing of the phenological phases onset, the dynamics of the leaf surface and bulbs growth, the size and structure of the crop. Seed onion was soaked before planting in solutions of three growth regulators (Radix, Radipharm, Rostok) for 12 hours, the control was a variant with planting material soaking in water. The seed onion of the first group (0.8-1.5 cm in diameter) was planted in early November, with 45 cm row spacing and 444.4 thousand pieces / ha planting density. It was found that Radix and Radipharm preparations significantly increased onion plants winter hardiness, the percentage of overwintered plants was 88.2-88.7% (80.3% under control), accelerated the ripening time of the crop (by 5-7 days), contributed to the activation of the growth processes of the aboveground apparatus. The pre-planting preparation of the seed onion did not affect the shooting processes intensity, the percentage of shot plants in the experiment was 7.5-7.9. The highest total yield of onion (39.2 t/ha) and the yield of standard bulbs (36.8 t/ha) with an average bulb weight of 102.2 g was obtained with the use of Radix. The increase in the yield in this variant and the earlier products’ entering the market contributed to net income increase compared to the control by 79.9 thousand rubles. The use of growth regulators for seed soaking had no effect on the products’ standard, it varied between 93.5-93.9%..
Dynamic analysis of cracked plates based on a first-order shear deformation theory formulation by using an extended meshfree method
Authors: Lo Vay Siu , Truong Thien Tich , Nguyen Nha Thanh
Published: August 2023

An extended meshfree method is employed in this paper for investigating the dynamic behaviour of cracked plates based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The FSDT is a straightforward formulation with the assumption of first-order shear deformation as its name implies, which is appropriate for relatively thick plates. In this study, the meshfree method is chosen as an alternative to the conventional mesh-based methods to model plate structures. Among various meshfree formulations, Moving Kriging (MK) is a method that satisfies the Kronecker delta property, allowing for the easy imposition of essential boundary conditions. An extended MK formulation is proposed in this paper to model cracked plates without explicitly pre-defining the crack in the geometry domain. In the extended concept, the extrinsic enriched functions are employed to model the discontinuity due to the crack. Particularly, the Heaviside step function is employed to describe the discontinuity of the displacement fields on two sides of the crack surface. And the asymptotic enriched functions are used for stress singularity around the crack tip. In the dynamic analysis of cracked plates, one of the important factors that must be evaluated is the dynamic stress resultant intensity factor (DSRIF). In this paper, the DSRIFs are shown through many numerical examples and compared with analytical solutions and other numerical methods, showing the accuracy and efficiency of the present extended MK approach.
Seismic resistance of post-tensioned bridge column improving post-earthquake recovery
Authors: Fujioka Hikaru , Fujikura Shuichi , Thay Visal
Published: August 2023

This study aims to improve the recovery of bridge columns after being damaged subjected to an earthquake and also proposes a PC column that reduces residual displacement by prestressing. The proposed column has a repairability of the damaged part of the column by arranging a concrete-filled steel tube at the column core. The seismic performance and post-earthquake recovery of the proposed columns were verified by conducting cyclic loading tests. Test results showed that the residual displacement was not reduced enough to improve the post-earthquake recovery. However, after investigating the column core at the end of the test, almost no visible damage, such as fracture or buckling, was found in the steel tube at the core, which means that the concrete-filled steel tube core itself can support the structure above. Therefore, the proposed system can be repaired quickly after being damaged if the residual displacement can be reduced.
A comprehensive review of incremental launching method in the construction of prestressed reinforced concrete bridges in Vietnam
Authors: Dang Viet Duc , Dang Gia Nai
Published: August 2023

This paper discusses the implementation of the incremental launching method in the construction of prestressed reinforced concrete bridges in Vietnam. Since the 1990s, technology transfer has been initiated to develop and rapidly expand the country’s road and rail transport network system to support industrialization and modernization. Although the method was successfully applied in several bridge projects, the high construction cost has led to a controversial issue, and the government stopped its application in the country. The paper aims to analyze the limitations and unreasonableness in the project formulation, design survey, and procurement of technological equipment that led to the policy of stopping the application of the incremental launching method. The author provides an in-depth analysis to clarify the suitability of the policy and shed light on the issue’s root causes.
Vibration response analysis technique for elevator wire rope
Authors: Minagawa Keisuke , Fujita Satoshi
Published: August 2023

Wire rope is an element often used in transportation infrastructure and systems such as bridges, elevators, ropeways, funiculars and so on. Generally, wire ropes require a high level of safety because they suspend heavy and important components such as roadways in bridges, cages and cabins in elevators, ropeways and funiculars. In addition to dead loads like roadways, wire ropes are subjected to dynamic loads caused by earthquakes, wind and moving cars, etc. Therefore, it is important to accurately simulate the dynamic response of wire ropes to dynamic loads to ensure safety of wire ropes. This paper deals with techniques for vibration response analyses of wire ropes. Techniques in this paper specially focused on a transverse vibration of wire ropes for elevators because their response is complicated by the moving cage and tension distribution. Vibration response analysis techniques using the difference method and a simplified mass point model will be introduced in this paper.
Averaging equation of three-dimensional tracer transport by a dual approach
Authors: Nguyen The Hung
Published: August 2023

The conventional method for calculating averaged tracer concentration in three-dimensional tracer transport equation relies on classical averaging, which averages tracer concentration data obtained from the tracer transport equation in turbulent flow. However, the averaging tracer concentration quantity calculated by this method is not precisely the same as the one obtained by the dual approach. To address this issue, the author proposes a more intricate dual approach for averaging the three-dimensional tracer transport equation in turbulent flow. This paper describes how the author performs two integrations: one from time t to t + r (where r < T, T being the repeated period of fluctuating concentration), and another from time t to time t + T. The fluctuating concentration quantity in turbulent flow is modeled using the trigonometric Fourier series. The resulting three-dimensional mathematical model of tracer transport obtained by this dual approach is more comprehensive than the one obtained by the classical method.
On-site response issues in disaster recovery of public civil engineering facilities based on the experience of the 2011 Kii Peninsula flood
Authors: Ota Kazuyoshi , Kondo Shinya
Published: August 2023

Nearly 10 years have passed since the 2011 Kii Peninsula flood, and assessing the disaster response at that time is crucial for developing a future disaster response system. This study is based on questionnaire and interview surveys of construction managers, i.e., heads of local construction administrations in charge of disaster recovery for public civil engineering facilities in Wakayama Prefecture. We clarify the situational judgments and decisions that are made in the field response of disaster recovery, check whether they were undertaken to extract issues, examine the characteristics, and consider issues for future disaster response.
Size dependent pull-in instability of functionally graded microbeams using a finite element formulation
Authors: Le Cong Ich , Pham Vu Nam , Nguyen Dinh Kien
Published: August 2023

The size dependent static pull-in instability of functionally graded (FG) microbeams in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) is studied, considering the influence of the axial force. The material properties of the microbeams are varied in the beam thickness by a power-law function, and they are calculated by the rule of mixture. To account for the microsize effect, the classical Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is employed in combination with the modified couple stress theory to describe the microbeams deformation. Based on Von Kármán nonlinear relationship, a beam element is derived and employed to establish the discretized governing equation for the microbeams. Newton-Raphson iterative procedure is adopted to compute frequencies and pull-in voltages for the microbeam with clamped ends. Numerical result reveals that the pull-in voltage is increased by the increase of the power-law exponent and the microscale parameter. The effects of the material distribution, the axial force as well as the microstructural parameter on the pull-in instability of the FG microbeams are investigated in detail.