bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis comparativo de empresas acogidas al régimen especial y su eventual acogimiento al régimen general
Authors: Sacaca Quispe Mayra Angela , Delgado Pérez Daniel Job
Published: October 2020

Considerando que el régimen tributario establece la manera en la que se pagan los impuestos y los niveles de pagos de los mismos dependiendo del tipo y el tamaño del negocio; esta investigación analiza la diferencia entre el impuesto a la renta de tercera categoría y la utilidad de empresas acogidas al régimen especial, considerando su eventual acogimiento al régimen general; en el centro comercial de Gamarra en el año 2014. Bajo un nivel descriptivo, se explicita, cómo las empresas del régimen especial en un eventual acogimiento al general, pueden pagar un menor impuesto con relación a los gastos deducibles. Según la técnica T de Student, los resultados revelan que existe una diferencia positiva y estadísticamente significativa del impuesto a la renta según los procedimientos del régimen general en relación con el régimen especial (t=8.952; con un p =.000 < .05); es decir, se demuestra que las empresas del régimen especial, acogiéndose al régimen general pagarían un menor impuesto a la renta. Asimismo, existe una diferencia positiva significativa al realizar el cálculo de la utilidad según los procedimientos del régimen general en relación con el régimen especial (t=8.952, con un p =.000 < .05); no obstante, las empresas del régimen especial, acogiéndose al régimen general generarían una menor utilidad. Finalmente, gracias a los corolarios evidentes en el presente estudio, se concluye que existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el impuesto sobre la renta de tercera categoría, la utilidad entre las empresas del régimen especial y su eventual acogimiento al régimen general, de allí que, si las empresas del régimen especial se acogieran al régimen general pagarían un menor impuesto y obtendrían una mayor utilidad tributaria.
Apalancamiento y rentabilidad: caso de estudio en una empresa textil peruana
Authors: Apaza Zuta Eithne Sheila , Salazar Salome Elizabeth Olga , Lazo Palacios Merlin Arturo
Published: October 2020

Considerando que la literatura muestra que el apalancamiento es un factor que motiva el crecimiento empresarial, los diferentes niveles de deuda orientados ya sea al menor costo o al plazo, son determinantes para crear mayor valor para la empresa; de allí que el estudio tiene por objetivo determinar la relación entre apalancamiento y rentabilidad en una empresa industrial textil de Santa Anita, periodo 2014 al 2017. El estudio obedece un diseño correlacional no experimental, desarrollado a través de un muestro no probabilístico por conveniencia, conformado por 48 estados financieros mensualizados. Los resultados determinan que existe una relación significativa e inversa entre apalancamiento operativo y rentabilidad sobre activos, así como entre apalancamiento operativo y la rentabilidad sobre patrimonio y entre apalancamiento operativo y rentabilidad sobre capital empleado. Así mismo, se determinó que existe relación significativa e inversa entre las partidas de apalancamiento financiero y rentabilidad sobre activos; apalancamiento financiero y rentabilidad sobre; y entre los indicadores apalancamiento financiero y rentabilidad sobre capital. Por tanto, empíricamente las partidas en conjunto demuestran significancia considerable entre el apalancamiento y rentabilidad, estableciéndose que a mayor apalancamiento que ha generado la entidad se ha visto disminuida su rentabilidad.
Principio de no confiscatoriedad e impuesto a la renta de 5ta Categoría
Authors: Pinedo del Aguila Victoria Esther , Chavez Guerrero Angel Jhoseph , Lazo Palacios Merlin
Published: October 2020

El principio de no confiscatoriedad es uno de los principios más controvertidos y difíciles de precisar con exactitud en toda la doctrina tributaria, al considerar que es deber de todo ciudadano el contribuir al financiamiento de los gastos públicos; teniendo en cuenta la situación económica de cada quien. De allí que, en el presente estudio empírico de nivel correlacional y corte transversal, se determina la  relación entre el principio de no confiscatoriedad y el impuesto a la renta de 5ta Categoría, en una población constituida por 49 profesionales afiliados y miembros de la Junta Directiva al Colegio de Contadores Públicos de Lima. Los resultados establecen la  existencia de una relación altamente significativa; es decir, a mayor capacidad contributiva mayor será la consideración del impuesto de renta de 5ta categoría; por tal motivo se establece que  el principio de no confiscatoriedad posee su propio campo de acción y los tribunales tienen la misión de construir una doctrina sobre su alcance, mediante la formación del contribuyente con información necesaria mediante capacitaciones a fin de cumplir con sus obligaciones tributarias.
Ciclo de conversión de efectivo: una herramienta esencial para la evaluación financiera de la empresa
Authors: Morillo Rodriguez Juan Bernardo , Llamo Santa Cruz Denis Ivan
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo estudia el ciclo de conversión de efectivo como herramienta indispensable para la evaluación financiera de la empresa. El ciclo de conversión de efectivo indica el tiempo que toma desde que se compra la mercadería, se vende y se vuelve a cobrar. Existe la posibilidad para aumentar la rentabilidad mediante la reducción del período de recolección de cuentas por cobrar, disminuyendo el período de conversión de inventarios, y alargando el período de pago. Por ello, cuanto más corto sea su ciclo de conversión de efectivo mayor liquidez tendría la entidad; por otro lado, una baja rotación en las cuentas por cobrar indica que la empresa está tardando mucho en recuperar sus ventas a crédito, de allí que, el éxito de la empresa también depende de la eficacia de la gestión de su inventario. Por lo tanto, toda empresa debe tener en cuenta que el nivel de rotación de los inventarios, refleja el avance de las ventas proyectadas, variando, según el tipo de empresa, siendo diferentes tanto en la producción como en las ventas; un claro ejemplo se tiene en la comparación entre un supermercado y una empresa de camiones. Asimismo, la rotación de cuantas por pagar muestra el tiempo necesario para liquidar los pagos de cuentas. Por ello, un pago rápido permite a la empresa disfrutar del descuento y mantener una buena reputación con los proveedores.
Critical’ Philosophy of Culture: Actual Contexts and Assemblage Point
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Russian Federation, Martynov Vladimir
Published: October 2020

The annual outbursts of controversy surrounding the presentation of the main film awards of the planet in the last few years (primarily around the Oscars) are important for cultural philosophy because they are indicators of tectonic shifts in the paradigm of modern cultural knowledge. The concept of ‘high’ culture is increasingly losing its ontological significance. Criticism fell upon this concept almost a hundred years ago, but so far this has been a fact of ‘high’ theory. Today, the denial of a ‘high’ culture has become the reality of mass communication. The pressure, which used to be a problem only for academic classrooms, has become an order of magnitude greater. This is the line on which we need a clear accounting of the results, the balance of pro et contra. The answer of the ‘critical’ philosophy is understandable in principle: the contradictions between the ‘high’ and ‘low’ cultures are not an insoluble conflict. The axiom of the death of a ‘high’ culture is incorrect. The modern theory of ‘high’ culture is possible. But its construction is cumbersome and not fast. You need to start by protecting the ‘high’ culture from reproach for violence. The assemblage point of radical criticism of the ‘high’ culture is W. Benjamin’s treatise “A Work of Art in the Era of Its Technical Reproducibility”. Therefore, the defense of ‘high’ culture cannot but begin with an answer to W. Benjamin. At the same time, thinking specifically about this small treatise, we need a careful analysis of the whole structure, the words of Benjamin as a whole. And this word is peculiar. It is thoroughly public and political. Benjamin’s treatise is not a theoretical reflection. This is a manifesto, more precisely, two manifestos. The first is the manifesto of the new Marxism. The second is the manifesto of the artistic avant-garde. Benjamin saw the possibility of synthesizing these two ideologies and gave his model. It turned out, firstly, unfounded, and secondly, it was dangerous. It is dangerous because culture is the main barrier that holds back the advent of utopia. Having destroyed this barrier, we find ourselves defenseless against utopia.
Processo de trabalho de supervisão de enfermagem em policlínicas: limites e possibilidades
Authors: Sacramento Lidiana Almeida , Figueredo Wilton Nascimento , Servo Maria Lúcia Silva , Macêdo Tássia Teles Santana de , Fernandes Elionara Teixeira Boa Sorte
Published: October 2020

OBJETIVO: Descrever os limites e as possibilidades do processo de trabalho de supervisão de enfermagem em policlínicas. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, exploratório e de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em cinco policlínicas de uma grande cidade do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com as cinco supervisoras de enfermagem e analisadas pela de técnica análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: As supervisoras de enfermagem relataram como principais limites para o seu trabalho a resistência da equipe em participar de eventos educativos, relação precária entre demandas de usuários, insuficiência no quantitativo da equipe de enfermagem, dificuldade na regulação de usuários, recursos humanos e financeiros ineficazes. Entre as possibilidades foram relatadas a comunicação, o relacionamento interpessoal e a boa articulação entre a gestão e coordenação. CONCLUSÃO: Os limites encontrados ratificam as dificuldades encontradas na gestão dos serviços de saúde, assim como atestam a complexidade e necessidade da supervisão de enfermagem em promover boas práticas para um cuidado qualificado.
İNFRARENAL PERİFERİK ARTER HASTALIĞINDA KLİNİK MUAYENE, BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİK ANJİOGRAFİ VE DİGİTAL SUBTRACTİON ANJİOGRAFİ BULGULARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Murat , ÇELİK Ersin , ÖCAL Ahmet
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı İnfrarenal periferik arter hastalığının

değerlendirilmesinde klinik muayene, BT Anjiografi

ve DSA bulgularının karşılaştırılmasıdır.

Gereç ve Yöntem

Bu çalışma Ocak 2013-Şubat 2014 tarihleri arasında,

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kalp ve

Damar Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalında retrospektif olarak

gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya yaşları 41-93 (ortalama

yaş; 63,83±12,75) arasında değişen, alt ekstremite arteriyel

semptomları olan 49 hasta (7 kadın, 42 erkek)

dahil edildi. Hastalara Digital Subtraction Anjiografi ve

128 multidedektörlü BT anjiyografi ile alt ekstremite

anjiyogramları çekildi ve bu iki yöntem karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular

BT anjiyografi ve DSA sonuçlarında periferik arter

hastalığının alt ekstremitede değerlendirilmesi açısından

istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p

0.05). DSA ve BT anjiografi görüntülerinde belirlenen

darlık yüzdesi ile AB indeks ve kladikasyo ölçümleri

arasında negatif yönde anlamlı korelasyon saptandı.

Sonuç

Periferik arter hastalığının alt ekstremitede değerlendirilmesinde

BT angiografi, DSA’ya alternatif bir görüntüleme

yöntemi olarak düşünülebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bacak kol İndeksi, Bilgisayarlı

tomografi anjiyografi, Digital Substrakt Anjiografi, İnfrarenal

periferik arteriyel hastalık, Kladikasyo intermittant
Prognostic Evaluation of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index in Sudden Idiopathic Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: KUMBUL Yusuf Çağdaş , YASAN Hasan , TÜZ Mustafa , OKUR Erdoğan , SİVRİCE Mehmet Emre , BÜYÜKÇELİK Bekir
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of systemic immune inflammation index (SII) in sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SISNHL).
Methods: Eighty-nine patients diagnosed with SISNHL were included in this study. SII was calculated from the complete blood count when the patients were hospitalised. The patients were treated in accordance with our routine SISNHL protocol. Hearing recovery was evaluated in accordance with Siegel’s criteria, and two main groups were created (complete and incomplete recovery groups). The control group consisted of patients who were admitted to our clinic for hearing examination. SIIs were statistically analysed amongst these three groups (control, complete recovery and incomplete recovery groups).
Results: The mean SII of the three groups significantly differed (p= 0.002). The control group significantly differed from the two other groups (complete recovery group: p= 0.023, incomplete recovery group: p= 0.048). The complete recovery group did not significantly differ from the incomplete recovery group (p= 0.950).
Conclusion: SII had no prognostic value in patients diagnosed with SISNHL. However, SIIs were significantly higher in the patient groups diagnosed with SISNHL than those in the control group. This finding supports the predictive value of SII in SISNHL. Studies with more participants are needed to demonstrate the predictive value of SII in SISNHL.
Are the Factors Affecting Mortality in Elderly Polytrauma Patients Different from Those Affecting Younger Patients?
Authors: ALTUN ÖZDEMİR Buket , ÖZDEMİR Güzelali , YAŞAR Niyazi , BİNGÖL Olgun , ATAŞ Hakan , ÇOMÇALI Bülent
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in mortality between young and elderly polytrauma patients.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, all consecutive polytrauma patients treated at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients younger than 65 years old were classified as Group I (n = 60), and patients aged 65 years and older were classified as Group II (n = 60). Age, gender, mechanism of injury, time of injury, injury severity score (ISS), preclinical hemodynamics, hospitalization, operative treatment, intubation rate, intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, and 1-year mortality were analyzed. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were calculated.
Results: The mean age was 36.6 ± 13.0 (18–64) years in Group I and 73.5 ± 7.4 (56–91) years in Group II. There was no difference in mortality rates between groups. Elderly polytrauma patients tend to be female, and lower ISS and higher blood pressure, as well as low-energy injury types, typically in the summer. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between mortality and ISS scores in both Group I and Group II. There was no statistically significant difference was found between elderly and younger polytrauma patients in terms of NLR, MLR, and SIRI scores.
Conclusion: Elderly polytrauma patients are not just older adults, and there are several differences between them and their younger counterparts. The existing differences in the treatment of elderly polytrauma patients need to be considered during decision making.
Entre la Coacción y el Consentimiento: Un Estudio sobre la Violencia Sexual Masculina en las Relaciones de Pareja Heterosexuales
Authors: Mañas Viejo Carmen , Martinez Sanz Alicia
Published: October 2020

Objective: We present an analysis of the main characteristics of male sexual violence in partner relationships (types of sexual behaviour, male coercion methods and women’s reactions) as well as their prevalence. Method: The sample consisted of 110 women who attended public specialist support centres for women over 12 months. For the study, the women were grouped according to whether or not they mentioned partner violence (PV or NPV respectively), in an ex post facto design. Semi-structured interviews were used for the Exploration of Sexual Violence (ESV). Results: Descriptive, statistical and comparative analysis of the information showed no statistically significant differences in the types of sexual violence, that the most common method of coercion used is physical force, and that the most significant reactions are explicit refusal in the case of the PV group and active participation and feigning enjoyment in the NPV group. Conclusions: Our data shows that, when it is explored, both the PV and the NPV groups describe the male sexual violence exerted by their partners.
Map semiotics of educational subdivision in the atlas of university (atlas of HEI)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Molochko Mykola A.
Published: October 2020

Map semiotics, which studies the properties of signs and sign systems as language formations, is considered in the application to cartographic modelling of the main indicators that characterize the possibility of providing educational services by educational units in the atlas of higher education (HEI) educational-managerial type. The information environment for the development of each of the sections of the atlas is focused on legal, planning and economic, financial, administrative and economic and organizational and methodological support, in particular, on the credit-module system of educational process (KMSONP). The creation of a cartographic work of this type became possible with the development of a ‘standardized structure of semiotic aspects of the content of the ‘‘objective’’ language of the map’. In modern cartography, with its advent, there is a situation where there is no better system of control (quality assessment) of the content of cartographic products - it is a standard of compliance of any geoimage to the requirements of interconnected semiotic aspects of content. In thematic cartography, even more than in general geography, this semiotic structure is able to comprehensively characterize the whole range of techniques and methods of displaying objects, processes and phenomena of reality, as well as the use of certain GIS tools that are transmitted (during construction) and perceived (when used) various elements of the content of the electronic map. The developed model of the cartographic model, in the form of a classical map diagram, reflects in absolute scales some of the most important analytical indicators of training for each of the university departments, characterizes and allows their comparative analysis and evaluation of features needed to control and make management decisions in education.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЦЕПЯМИ ПОСТАВОК КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КОМПАНИЙ
Authors: Litvin I. Yu.
Published: October 2020

Актуальность статьи заключается в том, что управление цепочками поставок становится эффективным инструментом повышения эффективности деятельности компаний. Стремительное развитие рынка, ужесточение конкуренции и необходимость повышения качества обслуживания клиентов ставят перед компаниями новые задачи. Для того чтобы оставаться конкурентоспособным и укреплять свои преимущества, современному предприятию необходимо оптимизировать все процессы создания стоимости – от поставки сырья до обслуживания конечного потребителя. Для решения этих проблем руководство компании обращается к SCM-решениям. Это часть бизнеса, связанная с оптимизацией движения продукта с момента его внедрения (включая весь подготовительный период) до момента его продажи или потребления.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON THE VALUE OF THE BUSINESS
Authors: Strokova A. V.
Published: October 2020

This article is devoted to the analysis of influence the capital structure on the value of a business using the example of PJSC "Rosneft". The article analyzes the capital structure of PJSC "Rosneft" and determines the most optimal one based on generalizing the relevant criteria - minimizing the weighted average cost of capital, maximizing net profit per 1 ruble. equity capital and compliance with the minimum condition for financial stability.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN ENERGY COMPANIES
Authors: Potemina D. , Ryakhovskaya A. N.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the features of risk management in energy companies, highlighting the main risks associated with their operation. The specific features of the functioning of energy companies are presented, risk management systems are considered on the example of energy companies. As a result, the need to implement an automated risk management system was identified.
Joan Veny, Petit Atles Lingüístic del Domini Català. Volum 7.
Authors: Fidalgo Pravia Pilar
Published: October 2020

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Préstamos en asturiano: Estudio morfo-fonológico
Authors: Molinu Lucia
Published: October 2020

Na nuesa contribución presentaremos un estudiu sobro l’adautación de les consonantes nos empréstamos n’asturianu. Fadremos por analizar el comportamientu fonolóxicu de les consonantes de los empréstamos dende un puntu de vista silábicu. Naguamos por describir más precisamente’l so grau d’adautación en rellación a les restricciones prosódiques que rixen la cadarma silábica d’esta llingua y facer comparanza de los resultaos con otros idiomes románicos. El casu del asturianu dexarános reflexonar tamién sobro los problemes y les cuestiones que se planteguen davezu na lliteratura dedicada a l’adautación de los empréstamos: ¿cómo se produz l’adautación d’un empréstamu nuna llingua? ¿Hai preferencies universales pa dellos tipos de reparación sobro otros, por casu la epéntesis sobro la supresión? ¿Han tratase los empréstamos de mou uniforme dientro’l léxicu o tán suxetos a parámetros especiales acordies col so grau d’inxerimientu?

Pallabres clave: empréstamos, morfo-fonoloxía, sílaba, restricciones.
A rare deformity of the brain, accompanied by incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres
Authors: Osipov V. P.
Published: October 2020

The case, the description of which will be the subject of this article, belongs to the number of rare deformities of the central nervous system, presenting very sharp deviations from the normal type of brain development. The brain belongs to a stillborn premature fetus, which appeared in the light under the following conditions:

In the fall of 1895, S.P. A pregnant woman came to the Burgsk Clinical Military Hospital, stating that she felt the approach of childbirth, although she still had about a month to go; at the same time, she explained that she was serving in a tobacco factory, where three days ago she was hit in the stomach by a heavy bale that had fallen on her; soon after that she stopped feeling the fetal movement, and then labor pains began. The objective examination of the woman in labor, carried out in the maternity ward, confirmed the death of the fetus, and a few hours later, the premature birth was followed by the dead fetus.
Pathological and anatomical changes in the brain in acute delirium
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: October 2020

T.F., about 30 years old, a peasant from the Chistopol district of the Kazan province, entered the Kazan District Medical Clinic on December 25, 1894). From the scanty preliminary information, it is only clear that on December 4 of the same year she gave birth in a city shelter for women in labor.During the admission to the hospital, F. was extremely restless, clung to others, sat on the floor, and screamed furiously. Carried in her arms to the compartment, she continued to make noise and resist, so she had to be forcefully stripped and put into the bath. She refused food, first tried to knock a mug of milk out of the nurse's hands, and then, typing it in her mouth, sprinkled it on the sick, shouted that she had not received communion, she should soon die; she baptized all corners, was baptized herself. In view of the excited state, she was placed in the isolation ward. Here she spent the whole day in tireless movement, running from corner to corner, then baptizing the door, then stripping naked, she danced and shouted: Lord have mercy, let me retire, oh, oh! She was afraid for some reason on the mattress. She turned to the doctor who entered with a question, will she die soon? All day I did not eat or drink anything. Unkempt. Temperature in the evening 37.4 (under the arm); pulse 114.
Differential diagnosis of multiple neuritis. Polyesthesia and macroesthesia
Authors: Shcherbak A. E. , Ivanov I. I.
Published: October 2020

During the 1894/95 academic year, we had the opportunity to observe the following case in the clinic.The patient, Adam M-sky, 30 years old, was admitted to the clinic on December 10, 1894. He fell ill in the month of the same year, after he slept, during the last rest, on the ground. When he woke up, he felt severe pain in his arms and legs on the left side (on which he slept), somehow reached with the help of others to the house, where he was forced to go to bed. There was a chill at night; More accurate data on fever cannot be reported.
The chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the imperial Kazan University. Minutes of the meeting on October 27
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: October 2020

Chaired by N. M. Popov under the secretary V. I. Zhestkov; attended by Messrs. acting members: K. A. Arnstein, I. M. Dogel, N. A. Mislavskiy, N. A. Tolmachev, B. I. Vorotynskiy, S. D. Kolotinskiy, D. V. Polumordvinov, N. Ya. Smulov , P. I Tikhov, S. N. Urvantsov; guests: V. A. Popov, Trustee of the Kazan Educational District, and about 40 students.
Report on the scientific activity of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University for 1896, with the inclusion of data on the state of the library and the fund of the society
Authors: Vorotynsky B. I.
Published: October 2020

By this year, the Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University begins the sixth year of its scientific activity. This activity over the past year was expressed in the following way.
Ivanov, Differential diagnosis of multiple neuritis. Polyesthesia and macroesthesia
Authors: Shcherbakov A. E. , Ivanov. I. I.
Published: October 2020

26 / . The described disorders remain, only the polyesthesia has changed somewhat: today the patient exaggerates the number of tangible objects not by five, but only by two times. With a more detailed examination of the sensitivity on the right hand, we find the following three areas with various kinds of modifications in sensitivity disorders (see diagram № 5).
About the perverted light reaction
Authors: Bekhterev V.
Published: October 2020

Recently, I drew attention to one interesting phenomenon in the relation of the pupil in one of the patients who did not have any other damage to the eyes - this is the ability of the pupil to expand under the influence of arbitrary impulses. At this point, we will focus on another, not less interesting phenomenon in the relation of the pupil, which has received the name of a perverted light reaction and which we have observed repeatedly in cases of eye paralysis. First of all, however, let us give one of our observations related to this subject.
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrov at the imperial Kazan University. Minutes of the annual meeting of the society on January 26, 1897
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: October 2020

Chaired by N. M. Popov, under secretary B. I. Vorotynsky; attended by Messrs. Active members: K. A. Arnshtein, K. V. Voroshilov, I. M. Dogel, K. M. Leontiev, N. A. Mislavsky, V. I. Razumovskiy, V. N. Vasyatkin, A. F. Geberg , V. I. Zhestkov, G. A. Klyachkin, И. I. Naumov, D. V. Po dumordvinov, L. A. Sergeev, P. S. Skuridin, N. Ya. Smelov, D. A. Timofeev, SN Urvantsev and about 100 people of the public.
The Expectancy Dynamics of Anti-Tonal Twelve-Tone Rows: A Commentary and Reanalysis of von Hippel & Huron (2020)
Authors: Hansen Niels Chr.
Published: October 2020

This commentary provides two methodological expansions of von Hippel and Huron's (2020) empirical report on (anti-)tonality in twelve-tone rows by Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, and Alban Berg. First, motivated by the theoretical importance of equality between all pitch classes in twelve-tone music, a full replication of their findings of "anti-tonality" in rows by Schoenberg and Webern is offered using a revised tonal fit measure which is not biased towards row-initial and row-final sub-segments. Second, motivated by a long-standing debate in music cognition research between distributional and sequential/dynamic tonality concepts, information-theoretic measures of entropy and information content are estimated by a computational model and pitted against distributional tonal fit measures. Whereas Schoenberg's rows are characterized by low distributional tonal fit, but do not strongly capitalize on tonal expectancy dynamics, Berg's rows exhibit tonal traits in terms of low unexpectedness, and Webern's rows achieve anti-tonal traits by combining high uncertainty and low unexpectedness through prominent use of the semitone interval. This analysis offers a complementary–and arguably more nuanced–picture of dodecaphonic compositional practice.
Role of alkaline protease in activation of viridans streptococci complement system pathway
Authors: Xerri Yezi , N Evans Mark
Published: October 2020

Viridans streptococci are a grouping of multiple streptococcal species which do not possess Lancefield antigens, are alpha-hemolytic, and result in infective endocarditis. Despite intensive care with antimicrobial therapy, the mortality has remained high for these infections and post infection squeal. All the pathways of complement system culminate in the formation of C3 convertase enzymes that mediate deposition of C3b on foreign surfaces. The goal of this study, to assay interferes between alkaline protease (AprA) of viridans streptococci and complement activation. Our data found that alkaline protease potently blocked phagocytosis of viridans streptococci by neutrophils the AprA specifically blocked C3b deposition via 2-pathways; the classical and lectin pathways. Serum degradation assays revealed that AprA degrades both human C1s and C2. However, repletion assays demonstrated that the mechanism of action for complement inhibition is cleavage of C2. These results suggest a novel viridans streptococci mechanism, through AprA interferes with complement system pathway activation via cleavage of C2.
Targeted nano-sized drug design in cancer treatments: development of new nano-sized formulations for the use of anti-cancerogenic lisinopril in the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Avci Emre , Kara Aslı , Catagay Gamze , Avci Gulcin Alp
Published: October 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer emerges as a serious health problem all over the world and results in approximately 700,000 deaths every year. Therefore, studies are carried out to develop alternative treatment methods to reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs in cancer treatment. Targeted nanoparticle therapies are tried to be developed especially with controlled drug release. Lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, is a widely used drug in the treatment of hypertension and has been shown to have anticancer activity on various types of cancer.Methods: This study, blank and 3 different amounts of lisinopril loaded nanoparticles were prepared by triblock poly (lactic acid)–poly (ethylene glycol)–poly (lactic acid) (PLA-PEG-PLA) block copolymer which is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer by using water/oil/water emulsion method and then characterized. The viability of the blank formulations in murine fibroblast (L929) cells, which is the healthy cell line, was determined within the scope of biocompatibility studies.Results: The anticarcinogenic activity of lisinopril drug, blank and lisinopril loaded nanoparticles was determined in caco-2 cells which are human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line.Conclusions: Lisinopril loaded nanoparticles were successfully prepared in this study. It is thought that increasing the amount of drug-loaded can be a promising approach to an alternative treatment method for the use of antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
A comparative study on self-medication practice of analgesics among MBBS students of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru
Authors: M. Poorvi , R. Veena D. , H. Shwetha , P. Shanmukananda
Published: October 2020

Background: Self-medication with analgesics is prevalent worldwide among medical students due to easy availability of drugs and may lead to irrational usage of drugs. To assess knowledge, attitude, practice and perception of self-medication of analgesics.Methods: A comparative study on self-medication of analgesics was conducted on 3rd and 5th term Bachelor of medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru in November 2019. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on self-medication with analgesics.Results: 74.5% of 3rd term and 65.5% of 5th term MBBS students practiced self-medication with analgesics. Majority of students in both groups had some knowledge on self-medication with analgesics. Common condition for using analgesic self-medication was headache (75.8%, 59.7%, p=0.0172) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (80.6%, 90%, p=0.0780) were commonly used analgesics. Analgesics were used for quick relief (67.7%, 73.3%, p=0.4512) and students in group II referred medical textbooks as a source of information for practicing self-medication with analgesics (22.5%, 61.6%, p<0.001). Students agreed that self-medication is acceptable for medical students (45.8%, 43%, p=0.045) and medical license is required for better administration of drugs (51.3%, 63.2%, p=0.225).Conclusions: This study has found that self-medication with analgesics was common among MBBS students for minor illness. It is necessary to create awareness and educate students regarding the hazards of self-medication.
Predicting mortality from septic shock among pediatric population in emergency room
Authors: Jayapal Karthick
Published: October 2020

Background: Sepsis is defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the presence of a suspected or known invasive infection and septic shock is defined as sepsis and cardiovascular organ dysfunction which persists even after initial fluid resuscitation. It is important to identify the risk of progression of sepsis to septic shock and death in the pediatric age group in order to prevent mortality. Methods: This cohort study was carried out among 142 children aged between one month and 18 years who were diagnosed with sepsis in the emergency room (ER). All the hemodynamic and laboratory parameters were evaluated. The participants were followed up for a period till recovery/death. Particulars related to the management of the cases in terms of fluid resuscitation, inotropes and antibiotics were also documented.Results: Majority of the participants were aged between 1-10 years and were males. There was a statistically significant difference in the temperature, total leukocyte count and other biochemical parameters between survivors and non survivors (p<0.05). Initiation of antibiotics within one hour was significantly higher among the survivors compared to the non survivors (p<0.05).Conclusion: There is a need for immediate and early detection of abnormalities in the clinical and laboratory parameters in order to prevent mortality due to septic shock in the pediatric emergency room.
Retinopathy of prematurity- clinical profile on incidence, risk factors and outcome
Authors: Shah Purva , Gadhvi Ketan , Muliya Bharat
Published: October 2020

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity is one of the important causes of preventable blindness in the world. Thereby timely screening, diagnosis and hence treatment is of utmost importance.Methods: This study was done in the neonatal intensive care unit of tertiary hospital, Surendranagar. Study design being observational, data collected from clinical examination and records of the preterm babies <34 weeks and low birth weight babies <1.5 kg and further screened them for retinopathy of prematurity. The incidence of ROP in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), risk factors which predispose to ROP (Retinopathy of prematurity) and outcome of these cases were analysed.Results: As per this study, ROP was found to be more common in <30 weeks gestation and<1 kg neonate, and found to be associated with oxygen exposure, blood product use, antenatal steroids and surfactant.Conclusions: The analysis of the incidence and risk factors, will henceforth help in identifying and acting on time, thereby improving overall outcome of the preterm and low birth weight new-borns.
Determinants of anaemia among children aged under five years in Assam, India
Authors: Goswami Sankar , Acharjee Rituparna , Dey Sanku
Published: October 2020

Background: Childhood anaemia is a major public health threat that can increase susceptibility to infections, risk of mortality together with serious degrading consequences on cognitive and physical development. The aim was to examine the prevalence of anaemia in children aged under-five years in Assam, India, exploring 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data.Methods: Statistical analysis is performed on the cross-sectional data of 10,309 children from 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), using binary logistic regression model, to assess the significance of some risk factors of child anaemia. Anaemia was diagnosed by WHO cut-off points on hemoglobin level.Results: The prevalence of child anaemia was 35.7 per cent in Assam, India, with mean haemoglobin concentration 11.36 gm/dl (95% CI, 11.32-11.38); male and female being equaled proportionately anaemic. Out of 27 districts in Assam, the highest prevalence was found in Dibrugarh (52.2 per cent), followed by Nalbari (46.7 per cent) and Darrang (45.6 per cent); and the least prevalence was found in Karbi-Anglong (24.4 per cent). The findings indicate that rural children and lower age-groups were at greater risk of anaemia. Higher birth order, low level of maternal education, low level of maternal nutrition and non-intake of iron supplements during pregnancy increased the risk of anaemia among children (p<0.05).Conclusions: The findings suggest a need for proper preventive measures to combat child anaemia. Rural population should be given special attention. Maternal education, nutrition, and birth control measures should be priorities in the programs.
Complicated staphylococcal pericarditis in a child: a case report
Authors: Sultana Fehmida , Jujaray Deepti , Kiran Ravi P. V.
Published: October 2020

Although primary pericarditis is unusually experienced and diagnosed in paediatric population, it has probable life threatening sequel. This case report presents a case of complicated community acquired staphylococcal pericarditis, which illustrates how evasive the diagnosis of pericardial effusion can be. Early identification of pericarditis and pericardial effusion is vital to enable emergent intervention to enhance prognosis and alleviate mortality. The purpose of this report is to probe into the etiology of acute pericarditis and also to review the clinical presentation, the management and complications connected with acute pericarditis.
Comparison of autocorrelation between CV-RISK independent variables in groups with and without history of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Goutama Ivany Lestari , . Hendsun , Firmansyah Yohanes , Su Ernawati
Published: October 2020

Background: Cardiovascular relative risk (CVRISK) is the latest cardiovascular relative risk score to evaluate the magnitude of cardiovascular risk in healthy people regardless of age and cardiovascular risk severity. The aim of the study is to determine the correlation between each independent variables of CVRISK score in individuals with and without history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Methods: The study design is cross-sectional study. We conducted it online through social media using Google forms from June to August 2020. Participants include all productive age groups from 16 to 60 years. The data were processed using excel and statistically tested. Descriptive data analysis uses tabulated data which is displayed in numbers or proportions (categorical) and single data distribution (numeric). Statistical association analysis uses the categorical-correlation test with 2 statistical tests that use eta on nominal-ordinal variables and contingency coefficients on nominal-nominal variables.Results: There is a strong autocorrelation between hypertension and high tryglyceride levels (p value 0.001; correlation 0.549; risks 30.14%), nutritional status and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in CVD group (p value 0.002; correlation 0.774; risks 59.90%) and non-CVD group (p value 0.000; correlation 0.757; risks 57.3%). Hypertension and risky LDL-C levels firmly proves a very strong correlations and significant relationship in CVD groups (p value 0.014; correlation 0.947; risks 89.68%).Conclusions: There is a correlation that varies from weak to very strong among the independent variables in the CVRISK scoring of the participants. Further research is needed to determine the potentiality of CVRISK as an early prevention in determining the cardiovascular risk of individuals with and without history of CVD.
Estimation of cerebrospinal fluid lactate level to differentiate between pyogenic and non-pyogenic meningitis: a prospective analytical study
Authors: Radhakrishna Gurrala , Kumar Anil , Krishna Gurrala Kartheek
Published: October 2020

Background: Meningitis is one of the common causes of serious morbidity and mortality and is one of the common causes of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. The meningitis can be broadly divided into bacterial, viral or fungal meningitis. It is important to differentiate between pyogenic and non-pyogenic meningitis because of obvious management implications. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate levels can be used for differentiating pyogenic and non-pyogenic (viral/tubercular) meningitis.Methods: This was a prospective analytical study in which cases diagnosed to be having meningitis were included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic details such as age, gender and socioeconomic status was note in all the cases. A detailed clinical history was taken and a through clinical examination was done. Imaging (computerized tomography) was done in selected cases. CSF cytology, biochemistry and culture sensitivity were done in all cases. CSF lactate was determined in all cases.Results: The CSF cytological examination showed that the mean total cell count was more (643.23±102.02) in pyogenic meningitis as compared to non-pyogenic (viral/tubercular) meningitis (121.76±59.74) and the difference was found to be statistically highly significant (p<0.0001). The analysis of CSF lactate levels showed that pyogenic meningitis cases had a significantly high level of CSF lactate as compared to non-pyogenic meningitis cases and the difference was found to be statistically highly significant (p<0.0001).Conclusions: CSF lactate level is a good indicator in differentiating pyogenic and non-pyogenic meningitis.
Quality indicators in a hematology laboratory- a retrospective analysis
Authors: Kashyap Akriti , Kaur Gurpreet , Tripathi Preeti , Sen Arijit
Published: October 2020

Background: Quality indicators are objective parameters which help to assess the effectiveness of the working system in any laboratory. Aim and objective were to study 7 common quality indicators in the hematology laboratory of a tertiary care centre.Methods: It was a retrospective analysis over a period of two and a half years (Jul 2017- Dec 2019). The following 7 QIs were analysed- sample rejection rates, sample redo rates, routine turnaround time (TAT), critical reports and their TAT, corrected reports, staining quality assessment and concordance in EQAS programme. The QI rates were calculated on monthly (or as specified) basis and trends were analysed. P value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: The final result showed average routine, urgent and critical turnaround time to be 6.5 hrs, 1.1 hrs and 3.4 hrs respectively. The other QIs were as follows - sample redo rates (3.8%), sample rejection rates (3.2%), corrected report rates (before validation– 8.5%, after validation- 1.2%) staining quality (unsatisfactory days rate- 4.5%), 98% corcordant performance in EQAS. Over the study period, a significant downward trend was noticed in TAT and sample rejection rates (p value=0.001 and 0.007 respectively). Number of monthly critical alerts showed an upward trend (p value=0.045) which could be attributed to increased awareness amongst lab staff. Redo rates showed no significant change in trend over study period.Conclusions: Quality indicators help in self-assessment and self-improvement. Their continuous monitoring is mandatory to have a tight quality check system and better clientele satisfaction.
Descriptive study of clinical profile and outcome in patients of acute on chronic liver failure, at a tertiary care center in Northern India
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Rana Vandana , Koshy Varghese , Gangadharan Vandana , Koshy George
Published: October 2020

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a recently described syndrome that is characterized by abrupt deterioration in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and has high short-term mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical profile, causes and outcomes of ACLF at a tertiary care centre in Northern India.Methods: In this descriptive study of 50 consecutive patients, were included, between August 2015 to January 2018, who were admitted and diagnosed as ACLF as defined by APASL. Causes of acute precipitating event and CLD and outcomes were assessed.Occurrence and severity of organ failure was also assessed.Results: 48 (96 %) were males and 2 (4%) were females with male to female ratio was 24:1. The mean age of male and female subjects was similar, 40.7±9.9 years and 39.2±9.4 years respectively. The most common cause of CLD was alcohol in 50% cases and next most common cause was hepato-tropic viruses HBV infection in 20%, HCV in 6% cases and there was unknown cause in 12 % cases. The most common precipitating factor of acute decompensation was alcohol in 50% cases, hepatotropic viruses in 30% cases. Excluded sepsis and GI bleed as precipitating events. The combined mortality at the end of 1-month and 3-months, in our study was 60%. CLIF-SOFA score was found to be the most reliable scoring system to discriminate between survivors and non survivors. Conclusions: Alcohol was the commonest precipitating cause of ACLF. Organ failures (OFs) are independently predictive of mortality.
Contrast-induced acute renal injury: multi-factor analysis to establish risks and associations
Authors: Joseph Jacob , Indani Ashish , Bhutada Poonam , Jose Saji
Published: October 2020

Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney Injury (CIAKI) also called nephropathy is one of the recurrent complications with very high mortality and morbidity rate amongst the patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The purpose of this research was to validate the incidence, risk factors, and correlation of various comorbidities with CIAKI.Methods: The study was conducted on 308 patients who had undergone PCI procedures. All patients were recruited following all ethical guidelines. All patients were treated as per the hospital protocol. All patients were followed up for 7 days post PCI. Out of 308 patients, 35 developed CIKAI while remaining was classified as control for post-hoc analysis comparison. Evaluation of the patients was done using Mehran’s risk score, ODD analysis and RADHIKa method.Results: The incidence of CIAKI was found in 35 (11.37%) out of 308 patients. No patients required dialysis within 1 week of the procedure. The use of the ionization optimized contrast medium (IOCM) is linked with the reduction of +CIAKI. The obvious relationship between the volume of contrast media, MRS, and CIAKI was reestablished. Post-hoc analysis of CIAKI and non-CIAKI revealed that the CIAKI is closely linked with heart failure as a risk factor. Congestive heart failure (CHF) increases the risk of CIAKI and that results in an increased risk of heart failure.Conclusion: In conclusion, the pre-existing multiple co-morbidities, volume, and ionization value of the contrast media were found to be directly associated with CIAKI.