bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random Marked Sets
Authors: Ballani F. , Kabluchko Z. , Schlather M.
Published: September 2012

We aim to link random fields and marked point processes, and, therefore, introduce a new class of stochastic processes which are defined on a random set in. Unlike for random fields, the mark covariance function of a random marked set is in general not positive definite. This implies that in many situations the use of simple geostatistical methods appears to be questionable. Surprisingly, for a special class of processes based on Gaussian random fields, we do have positive definiteness for the corresponding mark covariance function and mark correlation function.
Sharpness in the k-Nearest-Neighbours Random Geometric Graph Model
Authors: Falgas-Ravry Victor , Walters Mark
Published: September 2012

Let Sn, k denote the random graph obtained by placing points in a square box of area n according to a Poisson process of intensity 1 and joining each point to its k nearest neighbours. Balister, Bollobás, Sarkar and Walters (2005) conjectured that, for every 0 < ε < 1 and all sufficiently large n, there exists C = C(ε) such that, whenever the probability that Sn, k is connected is at least ε, then the probability that Sn, k+C is connected is at least 1 - ε. In this paper we prove this conjecture. As a corollary, we prove that there exists a constant C' such that, whenever k(n) is a sequence of integers such that the probability Sn,k(n) is connected tends to 1 as n → ∞, then, for any integer sequence s(n) with s(n) = o(logn), the probability Sn,k(n)+⌊C'slog logn⌋ is s-connected (i.e. remains connected after the deletion of any s − 1 vertices) tends to 1 as n → ∞. This proves another conjecture given in Balister, Bollobás, Sarkar and Walters (2009).
Spatial Stit Tessellations: Distributional Results for I-Segments
Authors: Thäle Christoph , Weiss Viola , Nagel Werner
Published: September 2012

In this paper we consider three-dimensional random tessellations that are stable under iteration (STIT tessellations). STIT tessellations arise as a result of subsequent cell division, which implies that their cells are not face-to-face. The edges of the cell-dividing polygons are the so-called I-segments of the tessellation. The main result is an explicit formula for the distribution of the number of vertices in the relative interior of the typical I-segment. In preparation for its proof, we obtain other distributional identities for the typical I-segment and the length-weighted typical I-segment, which provide new insight into the spatiotemporal construction process.
Nonlinear Filtering for Jump Diffusion Observations
Authors: Ceci Claudia , Colaneri Katia
Published: September 2012

We deal with the filtering problem of a general jump diffusion process,X, when the observation process,Y, is a correlated jump diffusion process having common jump times withX. In this setting, at any timetthe σ-algebraprovides all the available information aboutXt, and the central goal is to characterize the filter, πt, which is the conditional distribution ofXtgiven observations. To this end, we prove that πtsolves the Kushner-Stratonovich equation and, by applying the filtered martingale problem approach (see Kurtz and Ocone (1988)), that it is the unique weak solution to this equation. Under an additional hypothesis, we also provide a pathwise uniqueness result.
Piecewise-Deterministic Markov Processes as Limits of Markov Jump Processes
Authors: Franz Uwe , Liebscher Volkmar , Zeiser Stefan
Published: September 2012

A classical result about Markov jump processes states that a certain class of dynamical systems given by ordinary differential equations are obtained as the limit of a sequence of scaled Markov jump processes. This approach fails if the scaling cannot be carried out equally across all entities. In the present paper we present a convergence theorem for such an unequal scaling. In contrast to an equal scaling the limit process is not purely deterministic but still possesses randomness. We show that these processes constitute a rich subclass of piecewise-deterministic processes. Such processes apply in molecular biology where entities often occur in different scales of numbers.
The Expected Total Cost Criterion for Markov Decision Processes under Constraints: A Convex Analytic Approach
Authors: Dufour François , Horiguchi M. , Piunovskiy A. B.
Published: September 2012

This paper deals with discrete-time Markov decision processes (MDPs) under constraints where all the objectives have the same form of expected total cost over the infinite time horizon. The existence of an optimal control policy is discussed by using the convex analytic approach. We work under the assumptions that the state and action spaces are general Borel spaces, and that the model is nonnegative, semicontinuous, and there exists an admissible solution with finite cost for the associated linear program. It is worth noting that, in contrast to the classical results in the literature, our hypotheses do not require the MDP to be transient or absorbing. Our first result ensures the existence of an optimal solution to the linear program given by an occupation measure of the process generated by a randomized stationary policy. Moreover, it is shown that this randomized stationary policy provides an optimal solution to this Markov control problem. As a consequence, these results imply that the set of randomized stationary policies is a sufficient set for this optimal control problem. Finally, our last main result states that all optimal solutions of the linear program coincide on a special set with an optimal occupation measure generated by a randomized stationary policy. Several examples are presented to illustrate some theoretical issues and the possible applications of the results developed in the paper.
Extinction Probabilities of Supercritical Decomposable Branching Processes
Authors: Hautphenne Sophie
Published: September 2012

We focus on supercritical decomposable (reducible) multitype branching processes. Types are partitioned into irreducible equivalence classes. In this context, extinction of some classes is possible without the whole process becoming extinct. We derive criteria for the almost-sure extinction of the whole process, as well as of a specific class, conditionally given the class of the initial particle. We give sufficient conditions under which the extinction of a class implies the extinction of another class or of the whole process. Finally, we show that the extinction probability of a specific class is the minimal nonnegative solution of the usual extinction equation but with added constraints.
Fractional Brownian Motion withH< 1/2 as a Limit of Scheduled Traffic
Authors: Araman Victor F. , Glynn Peter W.
Published: September 2012

In this paper we show that fractional Brownian motion withH< ½ can arise as a limit of a simple class of traffic processes that we call ‘scheduled traffic models’. To our knowledge, this paper provides the first simple traffic model leading to fractional Brownnian motion withH< ½. We also discuss some immediate implications of this result for queues fed by scheduled traffic, including a heavy-traffic limit theorem.
Predicting the Supremum: Optimality of ‘Stop at Once or Not at All’
Authors: Allaart Pieter C.
Published: September 2012

Let (Xt)0 ≤ t ≤ T
be a one-dimensional stochastic process with independent and stationary increments, either in discrete or continuous time. In this paper we consider the problem of stopping the process (Xt) ‘as close as possible’ to its eventual supremum MT := sup0 ≤ t ≤ TXt, when the reward for stopping at time τ ≤ T is a nonincreasing convex function of MT - Xτ. Under fairly general conditions on the process (Xt), it is shown that the optimal stopping time τ takes a trivial form: it is either optimal to stop at time 0 or at time T. For the case of a random walk, the rule τ ≡ T is optimal if the steps of the walk stochastically dominate their opposites, and the rule τ ≡ 0 is optimal if the reverse relationship holds. An analogous result is proved for Lévy processes with finite Lévy measure. The result is then extended to some processes with nonfinite Lévy measure, including stable processes, CGMY processes, and processes whose jump component is of finite variation.
Multifaceted roles of PTEN and TSC orchestrate growth and differentiation of Drosophila blood progenitors
Authors: Dragojlovic-Munther Michelle , Martinez-Agosto Julian A.
Published: September 2012

The innate plasticity of hematopoietic progenitors is tightly regulated to supply blood cells during normal hematopoiesis and in response to stress or infection. We demonstrate that in the Drosophila lymph gland (LG) the tumor suppressors TSC and PTEN control blood progenitor proliferation through a common TOR- and 4EBP-dependent pathway. Tsc2 or Pten deficiency in progenitors increases TOR signaling and causes LG overgrowth by increasing the number of actively dividing cells that accumulate high levels of phosphorylated (p) 4EBP during a critical window of growth. These phenotypes are associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the LG, and scavenging ROS in progenitors is sufficient to rescue overgrowth. Blood progenitor number is also sensitive to starvation and hypoxia in a TOR-dependent manner. Differences between Tsc1/2 and Pten function become apparent at later stages. Loss of Tsc1/2 autonomously increases p4EBP and decreases pAKT levels, expands the number of intermediate progenitors and limits terminal differentiation, except for a late induction of lamellocytes. By contrast, absence of PTEN increases p4EBP and pAKT levels and induces myeloproliferative expansion of plasmatocytes and crystal cells. This increased malignancy is associated with non-autonomous increases in p4EBP levels within peripheral differentiating hemocytes, culminating in their premature release into circulation and demonstrating potential non-autonomous effects of Pten dysfunction on malignancy. This study highlights mechanistic differences between TSC and PTEN on TOR function and demonstrates the multifaceted roles of a nutrient-sensing pathway in orchestrating proliferation and differentiation of myeloid-specific blood progenitors through regulation of ROS levels and the resulting myeloproliferative disorder when dysregulated.
S1P1 inhibits sprouting angiogenesis during vascular development
Authors: Shoham Adi Ben , Malkinson Guy , Krief Sharon , Shwartz Yulia , Ely Yona , Ferrara Napoleone , Yaniv Karina , Zelzer Elazar
Published: September 2012

Coordination between the vascular system and forming organs is essential for proper embryonic development. The vasculature expands by sprouting angiogenesis, during which tip cells form filopodia that incorporate into capillary loops. Although several molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa), are known to induce sprouting, the mechanism that terminates this process to ensure neovessel stability is still unknown. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) has been shown to mediate interaction between endothelial and mural cells during vascular maturation. In vitro studies have identified S1P1 as a pro-angiogenic factor. Here, we show that S1P1 acts as an endothelial cell (EC)-autonomous negative regulator of sprouting angiogenesis during vascular development. Severe aberrations in vessel size and excessive sprouting found in limbs of S1P1-null mouse embryos before vessel maturation imply a previously unknown, mural cell-independent role for S1P1 as an anti-angiogenic factor. A similar phenotype observed when S1P1 expression was blocked specifically in ECs indicates that the effect of S1P1 on sprouting is EC-autonomous. Comparable vascular abnormalities in S1p1 knockdown zebrafish embryos suggest cross-species evolutionary conservation of this mechanism. Finally, genetic interaction between S1P1 and Vegfa suggests that these factors interplay to regulate vascular development, as Vegfa promotes sprouting whereas S1P1 inhibits it to prevent excessive sprouting and fusion of neovessels. More broadly, because S1P, the ligand of S1P1, is blood-borne, our findings suggest a new mode of regulation of angiogenesis, whereby blood flow closes a negative feedback loop that inhibits sprouting angiogenesis once the vascular bed is established and functional.
Zebrafish rest regulates developmental gene expression but not neurogenesis
Authors: Kok Fatma O. , Taibi Andrew , Wanner Sarah J. , Xie Xiayang , Moravec Cara E. , Love Crystal E. , Prince Victoria E. , Mumm Jeff S. , Sirotkin Howard I.
Published: September 2012

The transcriptional repressor Rest (Nrsf) recruits chromatin-modifying complexes to RE1 ‘silencer elements’, which are associated with hundreds of neural genes. However, the requirement for Rest-mediated transcriptional regulation of embryonic development and cell fate is poorly understood. Conflicting views of the role of Rest in controlling cell fate have emerged from recent studies. To address these controversies, we examined the developmental requirement for Rest in zebrafish using zinc-finger nuclease-mediated gene targeting. We discovered that germ layer specification progresses normally in rest mutants despite derepression of target genes during embryogenesis. This analysis provides the first evidence that maternal rest is essential for repression of target genes during blastula stages. Surprisingly, neurogenesis proceeds largely normally in rest mutants, although abnormalities are observed within the nervous system, including defects in oligodendrocyte precursor cell development and a partial loss of facial branchiomotor neuron migration. Mutants progress normally through embryogenesis but many die as larvae (after 12 days). However, some homozygotes reach adulthood and are viable. We utilized an RE1/NRSE transgenic reporter system to dynamically monitor Rest activity. This analysis revealed that Rest is required to repress gene expression in mesodermal derivatives including muscle and notochord, as well as within the nervous system. Finally, we demonstrated that Rest is required for long-term repression of target genes in non-neural tissues in adult zebrafish. Our results point to a broad role for Rest in fine-tuning neural gene expression, rather than as a widespread regulator of neurogenesis or cell fate.
Need(le)less Worry
Authors: McCombe Kate
Published: September 2012

Incapacitated patients must be treated in their best interests according to the Mental Capacity Act 2005. As a result of this statute, the General Medical Council has advised that the testing of incapacitated source patients for HIV following occupational needlestick injury is unlawful. In this article, the reasons for the introduction of the Act are outlined and the impact of the legislation on the profession discussed. It is argued that it is in the patient's medical best interests to know if they are HIV positive so that they can be treated appropriately whilst they are incapacitated on ICU and begin timely medical therapy. It is in their social, emotional, cultural and religious best interests to be tested so that they can alleviate the anxiety of the injured healthcare worker, change their behaviour to avoid further spread and contribute to wider society as a ‘good egg’. It is concluded that the GMC has misunderstood the meaning of best interests and that their advice should be revised to allow testing to occur.
AvMA's Inquest Service: 1 year on
Authors: O'Dwyer Lisa , Sparkes Paula , Weston James , Cross Caroline , McCardle Isabel , Treloar Dawn
Published: September 2012

The inquest process has proved to be an important vehicle for the development of Article 2 European Convention Human Rights. The extent of the duties imposed on Member States to preserve each of their citizen's right to life is now clearer than it has ever been, although there is still a need for further clarification. The case law in this area continues to develop quickly. It is hoped that by sharing some of our case studies this will help lawyers and clinicians to keep abreast of the developments in the law.
Is there a sex difference in palm print ridge density?
Authors: Kanchan Tanuj , Krishan Kewal , Aparna K R , Shyamsundar S
Published: September 2012

Background

Analysis of fingerprints and palm prints at the crime scene is vital to identify the suspect and establish a crime. Dermatoglyphics can even be valuable in identification of a dismembered hand during medicolegal investigations to establish the identity of an individual in cases of mass disasters/mass homicides.

Methods

The present research studies the variation in ridge density in different areas of the palm prints among men and women. The four prominent areas were analysed on the palm prints that included central prominent part of the thenar eminence (P1), hypothenar region; inner to the proximal axial triradius (P2), medial mount; proximal to the triradius of the second digit (P3) and lateral mount; proximal to the triradius of the fifth digit (P4).

Results

The mean palm print ridge density was significantly higher among women than men in all the designated areas in both hands except for the P3 area in the right hand. Statistically significant differences were observed in the palm print ridge density between the different palm areas in men and women in right and left hands. No significant right-left differences were observed in the palm print ridge density in any of the four areas of palm prints among men. In women, right-left differences were observed only in the P3 and P4 areas of palm prints.

Conclusions

This preliminary study indicates that though the palm print ridge density is a sexually dimorphic variable, its utility for estimation of sex in forensic identification may be limited owing to significant overlapping of values.
Sexual assault in prepubertal girls: ‘It is normal to be normal’ – or is it? Evidence of vaginal penetration in prepubertal girls
Authors: Hariton Theodore N
Published: September 2012

Study objective

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term effects of penile vaginal penetration in prepubertal girls. The specific emphasis is on whether there would be visible identifiable medical evidence of penetration on examinations done months or years after the event.

Literature review

The medical literature regarding this subject was reviewed specifically for defendable evidence supporting a statement that there would be no findings as well as those that suggested that there would be visible evidence of trauma. Specific definitions of sexual assault, visible anatomic change from trauma, and sexual penetration are established for clarity. The effect of the lack of estrogen on the genital tissue of prepubertal girls is reviewed in relationship to the potential effects of trauma. The average diameters of the hymenal opening in this age group and the diameter of the erect male penis were reviewed.

Conclusion

The result of the study both from review of the medical literature and an understanding of the anatomy and histology of the unestrogenized genitalia of the prepubertal girl makes it clear that if there has been forceful penile penetration of the hymen there will be both a history of pain and bleeding and healed evidence of this forceful penetration.
Underlying deep venous abnormalities in patients with unilateral chronic venous disease
Authors: Gaweesh A S , Kayed M H , Gaweesh T Y , Shalhoub J , Davies A H , Khamis H M
Published: September 2012

Objectives

To report our initial experience using direct multidetector computed tomography venography (MDCT-V) for imaging lower limb deep veins. CT findings in limbs with chronic venous disease (CVD) were compared with contralateral healthy limbs.

Methods

MDCT-V with bilateral direct pedal injection of contrast was used to image the deep veins in both lower limbs. Eight patients with unilateral lower limb CVD of varying severity (according to the Clinico-Etiological-Anatomical and Pathological classification [CEAP] class 2-6) were studied. Five patients had primary CVD, while three patients had CVD secondary to previous deep vein thrombosis.

Results

Deep venous obstruction (>50%) or occlusion was identified in all CVD limbs and was not seen in contralateral healthy limbs. These lesions were not only iliac, were not exclusively present in advanced CVD and were independent of the presence or absence of deep venous reflux.

Conclusion

Morphologically significant lesions could be underlying in patients with clinically significant CVD. Direct MDCT-V provides clear reconstructable cross-sectional images of the whole deep venous tree, including infrainguinal areas, beyond the reach of intravascular ultrasound. Utilization of new venous imaging modalities may uncover previously undiagnosed and potentially treatable venous pathology in patients with CVD.
Quantifying the Added Value of a Diagnostic Test or Marker
Authors: Moons Karel G M , de Groot Joris A H , Linnet Kristian , Reitsma Johannes B , Bossuyt Patrick M M
Published: September 2012

In practice, the diagnostic workup usually starts with a patient with particular symptoms or signs, who is suspected of having a particular target disease. In a sequence of steps, an array of diagnostic information is commonly documented. The diagnostic information conveyed by different results from patient history, physical examination, and subsequent testing is to varying extents overlapping and thus mutually dependent. This implies that the diagnostic potential of a test or biomarker is conditional on the information obtained from previous tests. A key question about the accuracy of a diagnostic test/biomarker is whether that test improves the diagnostic workup beyond already available diagnostic test results. This second report in a series of 4 gives an overview of several methods to quantify the added value of a new diagnostic test or biomarker, including the area under the ROC curve, net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement, predictiveness curve, and decision curve analysis. Each of these methods is illustrated with the use of empirical data. We reiterate that reporting on the relative increase in discrimination and disease classification is relevant to obtain insight into the incremental value of a diagnostic test or biomarker. We also recommend the use of decision-analytic measures to express the accuracy of an entire diagnostic workup in an informative way.
Realizability algebras II : new models of ZF + DC
Authors: Krivine Jean-Louis
Published: September 2012

Using the proof-program (Curry-Howard) correspondence, we give a new method
to obtain models of ZF and relative consistency results in set theory. We show
the relative consistency of ZF + DC + there exists a sequence of subsets of R
the cardinals of which are strictly decreasing + other similar properties of R.
These results seem not to have been previously obtained by forcing.
Type-elimination-based reasoning for the description logic SHIQbs using decision diagrams and disjunctive datalog
Authors: Rudolph Sebastian , Krötzsch Markus , Hitzler Pascal
Published: September 2012

We propose a novel, type-elimination-based method for reasoning in the
description logic SHIQbs including DL-safe rules. To this end, we first
establish a knowledge compilation method converting the terminological part of
an ALCIb knowledge base into an ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) which
represents a canonical model. This OBDD can in turn be transformed into
disjunctive Datalog and merged with the assertional part of the knowledge base
in order to perform combined reasoning. In order to leverage our technique for
full SHIQbs, we provide a stepwise reduction from SHIQbs to ALCIb that
preserves satisfiability and entailment of positive and negative ground facts.
The proposed technique is shown to be worst case optimal w.r.t. combined and
data complexity and easily admits extensions with ground conjunctive queries.
B\"uchi Complementation and Size-Change Termination
Authors: Fogarty Seth , Vardi Moshe Y.
Published: September 2012

We compare tools for complementing nondeterministic B\"uchi automata with a
recent termination-analysis algorithm. Complementation of B\"uchi automata is a
key step in program verification. Early constructions using a Ramsey-based
argument have been supplanted by rank-based constructions with exponentially
better bounds. In 2001 Lee et al. presented the size-change termination (SCT)
problem, along with both a reduction to B\"uchi automata and a Ramsey-based
algorithm. The Ramsey-based algorithm was presented as a more practical
alternative to the automata-theoretic approach, but strongly resembles the
initial complementation constructions for B\"uchi automata. We prove that the
SCT algorithm is a specialized realization of the Ramsey-based complementation
construction. To do so, we extend the Ramsey-based complementation construction
to provide a containment-testing algorithm. Surprisingly, empirical analysis
suggests that despite the massive gap in worst-case complexity, Ramsey-based
approaches are superior over the domain of SCT problems. Upon further analysis
we discover an interesting property of the problem space that both explains
this result and provides a chance to improve rank-based tools. With these
improvements, we show that theoretical gains in efficiency of the rank-based
approach are mirrored in empirical performance.
An extension of data automata that captures XPath
Authors: Bojańczyk Mikołaj , Lasota Sławomir
Published: September 2012

We define a new kind of automata recognizing properties of data words or data
trees and prove that the automata capture all queries definable in Regular
XPath. We show that the automata-theoretic approach may be applied to answer
decidability and expressibility questions for XPath.
A dependent nominal type theory
Authors: Cheney James
Published: September 2012

Nominal abstract syntax is an approach to representing names and binding pioneered by Gabbay and Pitts. So far nominal techniques have mostly been studied using classical logic or model theory, not type theory. Nominal extensions to simple, dependent and ML-like polymorphic languages have been studied, but decidability and normalization results have only been established for simple nominal type theories. We present a LF-style dependent type theory extended with name-abstraction types, prove soundness and decidability of beta-eta-equivalence checking, discuss adequacy and canonical forms via an example, and discuss extensions such as dependently-typed recursion and induction principles.
Selection of autochthonous sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) genotypes in Feketic region
Authors: Radicevic Sanja , Cerovic Radosav , Lukic Milan , Paunovic Svetlana , Jevremovic Darko , Milenkovic Slobodan , Mitrovic Milisav
Published: September 2012

Autochthonous genotypes of fruit species are very important source of genetic
variability and valuable material for breeding work. Fruit Research
Institute-Cacak has a long tradition of studying autochthonous genotypes of
temperate fruits sporadically spread and preserved in some localities in
Serbia. Over 2005-2006, the following properties of nine autochthonous sour
cherry genotypes grown in Feketic region were investigated: flowering and
ripening time, pomological properties, biochemical composition of fruits and
field resistance to causal agents of cherry diseases - cherry leaf spot
(Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) v. Arx.), shot-hole (Clasterosporium carpophilum
(L?v.) Aderh.) and brown rot (Monilinia laxa /Ader et Ruhl./ Honey ex
Whetz.). The genotypes were tested for the presence of Prune dwarf virus and
Prunus necrotic ring spot virus. In majority of genotypes fruits were large,
with exceptional organoleptical properties, whereas ripening time was in the
first ten or twenty days of June. The highest fruit weight was observed in
F-1 genotype (8.1 g). The highest soluble solids and total sugars content
were found in F- 4 genotype (17.60% and 14.25%, respectively). As for field
resistance to causal agents of diseases and good pomo-technological
properties, F-1, F-2, F-3, F-7 and F-8 genotypes were singled out.
Model selection in additive main effect and multiplicative interaction model in durum wheat
Authors: Sabaghnia Naser , Karimizadeh Rahmatollah , Mohammadi Mohtasham
Published: September 2012

The study included data set of 20 durum wheat genotype across 15 rain-fed
environments. A combined analysis of variance showed that the genotypes
differed significantly for seed yield and GE (year ? location) interaction.
Cross validations procedure and four various F-tests including FGollob,
FRatio, FGH1 and FGH2 are used for testing the GE interaction principal
component analysis (IPCA) axes and indicated that two, four, six or seven
axes could be significant. According to EV1, D1, AMGE1 and SIPC1 parameters,
genotypes G3, G7 and G17 were the most stable genotypes while based on EV4,
D4, SIPC4 and AMGE4 parameters, genotype G13 was the most stable genotype.
The hierarchical clustering showed that the twenty one studied the AMMI
stability parameters and mean yield could be divided into four distinct
groups. Group III contains mean yield, SIPC4, SIPC6 and SIPC8 which were
computed from four, six or eight IPCAs. In conclusion, G13 (DON-MD 81- 36)
was found to be the most stable genotype as well as high mean yield
performance (2592.45 kg ha-1) and so is recommended for commercial release in
semi-arid areas of Iran. Also, the SIPC-based stability parameters of the
AMMI model was found to be useful in detecting the yield stability of the
genotypes studied.
Study of the susceptibility of maize lines to some sulfonylurea herbicides
Authors: Dragicevic Vesna , Simic Milena , Secanski Mile , Cvijanovic Gorica , Nisavic Anika
Published: September 2012

Maize lines are susceptible to different herbicides, what makes seed
production more complicate. The susceptibility is depending in high extent on
meteorological conditions. The objective of the study was to investigate
genetic variability and correlation between phytotoxicity (EWRC evaluation),
alterations in dry matter (DM), phenolics and soluble proteins (SP) in sets
of 19 ZP lines, to nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron, with the aim to determine
sensitivity of individual lines and the potential tolerance patterns during
period 2006-2009. The negative impact of both herbicides reflects through DM
increase, but in higher degree in nicosulfuron treatment. They also induced
in average SP increase and decrease of phenolic?s content. According to
different meteorological conditions present during examined four years, SP
increase was followed by increased EWRC values at same lines, opposite to
lines in which decrease of SP and increase of phenolic?s level could be tied
to potential tolerance, what gives importance to testing of each individual
maize line. Special attention must be given to application time (according to
meteorological conditions and level of weed infestation). The decrease in SP
level and increase of phenolics, together with lower EWRC values observed at
some lines could be associated to tolerance patterns what was emphasized
particularly during 2009, when visible injuries were absent.
Antifungal activity and genetic diversity of selected Pseudomonas spp. from maize rhizosphere in Vojvodina
Authors: Josic Dragana , Pivic Radmila , Miladinovic Miroslav , Starovic Mira , Pavlovic Snezana , Djuric Simonida , Jarak Mirjana
Published: September 2012

Antibiotic production by plant-associated microorganisms represents an
environmentally compatible method of disease control in agriculture. However,
a vide application of bacterial strains needs careful selection and genetic
characterization. In this investigation, selected Pseudomonas strains were
characterized by rep-PCR methods using ERIC and (GTG)5 primers, and partial
16S rDNA sequence analysis. None of strains produced homoserine lactones (C4,
C6, C8) as quorum sensing signal molecules. Very poor production of
phenazines and no significant fungal inhibition was observed for PS4 and PS6
strains. High amount of phenazines were produced by Pseudomonas sp. strain
PS2, which inhibited mycelial growth of 10 phytopatogenic fungi in percent of
25 (Verticillium sp.) to 65 (Fusarium equiseti). Genetic characterization of
the Pseudomonas sp. PS2 and evaluation of phenazines production, as the main
trait for growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi, will allow its
application as a biosafe PGPR for field experiments of plant disease control.
Caste, Race, and Class in Spanish California
Authors: Guerrero Vladimir
Published: September 2012

By comparing how three Spanish documents employ terms such as españoles, gente de razón, and various racial designators, Vladimir Guerrero establishes a base from which succeeding scholars can more accurately evaluate political realities, social fluidity, and racial meaning in the Spanish borderland of Alta California.
Reducing the Energy Demand of Multi-Dwelling Units in a Mediterranean Climate Using Solar Protection Elements
Authors: León Ángel L. , Domínguez Samuel , Campano Miguel A. , Ramírez-Balas Cristina
Published: September 2012

It is known that glazed openings are very important elements in the energetic behavior of buildings, especially in Mediterranean climates where there are many hours of solar radiation. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of solar protection on the energy demand of public housing structures in these climates. To this end, the reduction in energy demand achieved by fixed solar protectors in combination with mobile protectors (blinds) was quantified, including an evaluation of the influence of their geometry, dimensions, degree of openness, and the orientation of the opening. To analyze and quantify energetic demand, a block of public housing units in a neighborhood of Seville (latitude 37°23' N) was used as a model. This block is typical of public housing in the Mediterranean region. Simulated energetic models were created using DesignBuilder, achieving reductions in the annual energy demand from 10% to 27% according to the orientation chosen. The results and conclusions of the study are applicable to new construction, energetic rehabilitation projects, and/or the improvement of existing buildings.
Office-Based Management of Pediatric and Adolescent Concussion
Authors: Master Christina L. , Grady Matthew F.
Published: September 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Diagnose pediatric and adolescent concussion using directed clinical history and physical examination.

2.

Identify specific associated pre-morbid conditions that increase risk of prolonged concussion recovery.

3.

Implement timely prescription of physical and cognitive rest.

During the past decade, there has been a tremendous amount of research that has provided an increased understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and far-reaching clinical implications of concussion as a form of traumatic brain injury. In addition, there has been a huge surge of interest in and awareness of concussions, in part due to high-profile cases involving professional athletes. These professional athletes, however, are merely the tip of the iceberg. An estimated 144,000 pediatric and adolescent patients are treated in emergency departments nationwide for concussion,
1
and this likely represents a significant underestimate of the actual incidence because many children do not seek emergency treatment for concussion. There are an estimated 3.8 million concussions due to sports annually
2
and the majority of these are in the pediatric and adolescent populations.
Percutaneous Inflation Osteoplasty for Indirect Reduction of Depressed Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Hahnhaussen Jens , Hak David J. , Weckbach Sebastian , Heiney Jake P. , Stahel Philip F.
Published: September 2012

Anatomic reduction of articular depression tibial plateau fractures is challenging. The authors describe a new technique using percutaneous balloon-guided inflation osteoplasty for a depressed lateral tibial plateau fracture. The fluoroscopy-guided inflation osteoplasty restores the joint surface anatomically in a minimally invasive fashion. The metaphyseal void is filled with a fast-setting fluid-phase bone substitute, and a lateral buttress plate is applied with less invasive incisions. This technique is a valid alternative for indirect reduction of depressed articular tibial plateau fractures.
Understanding the Burden of Osteoporosis and Use of the World Health Organization FRAX
Authors: Shuler Franklin D. , Conjeski Jacob , Kendall David , Salava Jonathon
Published: September 2012

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.

Identify major patient factors contributing to fractures related to osteoporosis.

2.

Define osteoporosis and osteopenia.

3.

Use the World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool.

4.

Improve treatment and postfracture management of osteoporosis.

Fracture prevention is a critical component of managing osteoporosis, which is not longer defined by T-score alone. The internationally validated World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) provides the clinician a state-of-the-art tool for predicting patients at greatest risk for fracture. The FRAX tool takes into account country, bone mineral density of the hip (when available), age, sex, and 8 clinical risk factors to calculate the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture and the 10-year probability of a hip fracture. From this tool, an absolute fracture risk is generated, aiding clinicians in determining which patients with low bone mass and osteoporosis to treat.
Preoperative Embolization Significantly Decreases Intraoperative Blood Loss During Palliative Surgery for Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Kato Satoshi , Murakami Hideki , Minami Tetsuya , Demura Satoru , Yoshioka Katsuhito , Matsui Osamu , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: September 2012

Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of preoperative embolization in devascularizing tumors. However, no study has measured intraoperative blood loss in a single palliative surgery compared with a control group without preoperative embolization. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative embolization on intraoperative blood loss in palliative decompression and instrumented surgery using a posterior approach for spinal metastasis.

Between 2000 and 2010, forty-six patients underwent palliative decompression and instrumented surgery using a posterior approach for spinal metastasis in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Preoperative embolization was performed in 23 patients (embolization group), and surgery was performed within 3 days after embolization. The embolic materials used were polyvinyl alcohol particles, gelatin sponge, and metallic coils. Twenty-three patients did not undergo embolization (no embolization group). Pain and neurologic symptoms in all 46 patients were relieved postoperatively. Average intraoperative blood loss was 520 mL (range, 140–1380 mL) in the embolization group and 1128 mL (range, 100–3260 mL) in the no embolization group (
P
<.05). In the embolization group, intraoperative blood loss was not correlated with the degree of tumor vascularization, completeness of embolization, or time between embolization and surgery.

Intraoperative blood loss after preoperative embolization was less than half that after no preoperative embolization.
Sustained Delivery of BMP-2 and Platelet-rich Plasma-released Growth Factors Contributes to Osteogenesis of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells
Authors: Chen Linwei , Lu Xiaolang , Li Shi , Sun Qizhi , Li Wanli , Song Dianwen
Published: September 2012

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has a pool of multiple growth factors efficient at inducing the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 is a strong stimulator for the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of PRP-released growth factors and microsphere-encapsulated BMP-2 on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of hADSCs and to construct a novel tissue-engineered bone. The BMP-2–loaded microspheres and hADSCs were embedded in activated PRP gel. Another 5 composites (hADSCs/platelet-poor plasma [PPP]; hADSCs/PRP; hADSCs/BMP-2/PPP; hADSCs/BMP-2/PRP; and hADSCs/BMP-2+microspheres/PPP) were also constructed. The DNA content, alkaline phosphatase activity, mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and mineralization of hADSCs in each composite were compared. The DNA content was higher in all PRP-containing composites, meaning that PRP-released growth factors stimulated proliferation of hADSCs. Alkaline phosphatase increased in BMP-2/PRP and BMP-2+microspheres/PRP composites in the first 7 days, meaning that BMP-2 had a synergistic effect with PRP in the early differentiation of hADSCs. Osteopontin, osteocalcin, and mineralization assays were higher in BMP-2+microspheres/PRP composite than in the BMP-2/PRP composite up to 21 days, meaning that a continuous delivery of BMP-2 stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of hADSCs at the early stage and the final maturation stage. These results suggest that sustained delivery of BMP-2 in combination with PRP is better than a single administration of PRP or BMP-2 in the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs.
Spontaneous Hemorrhage in an Upper Lumbar Synovial Cyst Causing Subacute Cauda Equina Syndrome
Authors: Machino Masaaki , Yukawa Yasutsugu , Ito Keigo , Kanbara Shunsuke , Kato Fumihiko
Published: September 2012

Lumbar spine synovial cysts are becoming more frequent, and they are generally associated with degenerative lumbar spinal disease. They are common in lower lumbar lesions but rare in upper lumbar lesions. Several cases of hemorrhage into lower lumbar juxtafacet cysts after trauma or anticoagulation therapy have been reported in the literature. This article describes a case of subacute cauda equina syndrome resulting from spontaneous hemorrhage into an upper lumbar synovial cyst.

A 65-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of intermittent bilateral lumbar pain. One week before, he experienced a sudden exacerbation of lumbar pain and began falling frequently; he also reported weakness and tingling in his lower limbs. A hematic collection associated with a large juxtafacet cyst at L2–L3 was suspected on magnetic resonance imaging. He underwent surgical decompression, and the cyst was resected. Microscopic examination was consistent with the diagnosis of a synovial cyst. Two days postoperatively, he was walking independently.

Although several descriptions exist of hemorrhagic lumbar juxtafacet cysts after trauma or anticoagulant therapy, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documented case of hemorrhage in an upper lumbar synovial cyst with no previous traumatic event or medication use. Magnetic resonance imaging was essential in making the preoperative diagnosis. Surgical removal of the cyst was an effective treatment.
Treatment of Symptomatic Bullous Keratopathy With Poor Visual Prognosis Using a Modified Gundersen Conjunctival Flap and Amniotic Membrane
Authors: Güell Jose L. , Morral Merce , Gris Oscar , Elies Daniel , Manero Felicidad
Published: September 2012

A modified Gundersen conjunctival flap combined with amniotic membrane to treat symptomatic bullous keratopathy and poor visual prognosis is described. A 360° conjunctival peritomy was performed 2 mm from the limbus. After complete epithelial removal of the corneo-conjunctival surface, an amniotic membrane graft was sutured at the peripheral cornea with a running 10-0 nylon suture. Single 9-0 polyglactin sutures attached the edges of the amniotic membrane with the peritomized conjunctiva, which lay over the amniotic membrane. Five eyes were treated. Epithelialization, resolution of the pain, presence of ocular surface inflammation, and reinterventions were assessed. All eyes showed immediate resolution of the pain and minimal inflammation. In 1 eye, the amniotic membrane was reabsorbed before complete epithelialization. No reinterventions were required. All eyes were asymptomatic for at least 16 months. This technique provided sustained relief of symptomatic bullous keratopathy while significantly reducing the conjunctival manipulation and the anatomical distortion associated with classic sliding conjunctival flaps.
The Role of Appraisal in Adapting to Information Systems
Authors: Fadel Kelly J.
Published: September 2012

The benefits of new organizational information systems (IS) depend on the degree that users of the technology adapt by proactively changing themselves, their work routines, and even the technology itself in order to leverage its strategic capabilities. Scholars have recently proposed the Coping Model of User Adaptation (CMUA) as a useful theoretical lens for understanding individual adaptive responses to an IS; however, this nascent model has not yet received extensive empirical validation. Using survey data from a campus health center at a large public university, this study empirically examines and extends CMUA by exploring the relationship between IS appraisal and adaptive behaviors. Results show that user adaptation to IS depends on how it is appraised by users, with appraisal of the IS as a challenge being the strongest predictor of both problem-focused and emotion-focused adaptation. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Double-Edged Swords of Innate Immunity
Authors: Kaplan Mariana J. , Radic Marko
Published: September 2012

Spectacular images of neutrophils ejecting nuclear chromatin and bactericidal proteins, in response to microbes, were first reported in 2004. As externalized chromatin could entangle bacteria, these structures were named neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Subsequent studies identified microorganisms and sterile conditions that stimulate NETs, as well as additional cell types that release extracellular chromatin. The release of NETs is the most dramatic stage in a cell death process called NETosis. Experimental evidence suggests that NETs participate in pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, with proposed involvement in glomerulonephritis, chronic lung disease, sepsis, and vascular disorders. Exaggerated NETosis or diminished NET clearance likely increases risk of autoreactivity to NET components. The biological significance of NETs is just beginning to be explored. A more complete integration of NETosis within immunology and pathophysiology will require better understanding of NET properties associated with specific disease states and microbial infections. This may lead to the identification of important therapeutic targets.
Long-term course of severe depression: late remission and recurrence may be found in a follow-up after 38-53 years
Authors: Crona Lisa , Brådvik Louise
Published: September 2012

This study is a follow-up of inpatients diagnosed with severe depression/melancholia between 1956 and 1969. During this period, all inpatients at the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Lund, were rated on a multidimensional diagnostic schedule on discharge. There were 471 patients born from 1920 onward. In the present follow-up, 2006 to 2010, 169 survivors could be traced. They were asked to participate in the study involving a telephone interview, in which a structured life chart was used. Of the patients contacted, 16 were ill or confused and 3 did not remember ever being depressed, leaving 150 who could participate. Seventy-five of these agreed to participate in the study. Long-term course of depression was evaluated by cluster analysis and compared to background variables, such as heredity for depression, perceived parental rearing behaviour, and treatment of index depressive episode. Using a cluster analysis the patients could be separated into six clusters describing the course: i) single or few episodes followed by long-lasting remission; ii) single or few episodes followed by long-lasting remission, although shorter; iii) single or few episodes followed by late recurrence; iv) single or few episodes, but more frequently ill, followed by late recurrence; v) several episodes followed by lasting remission; vi) chronic course of episodes. Remission or recurrence could therefore occur even after more than a decade. In summary, there was a short-term course with or without recurrence or a chronic course with or without late remission. Heredity for depression was significantly related to a chronic course with or without late remission.