bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gross examination and Toxicological Analysis of Gastrointestinal Tract for Dichlorvos Poisoning Caused by Nuvan Insecticide During Post-Mortem Examination: A Case Series
Authors: Jyotsnessh chauhan  , Ankit Kumar  , Raviprakash Meshram  , Binaya Kumar Bastia  , Babulal Chaudhary
Published: October 2022

Background: “Nuvan” is a trading name for Dichlorvos (DDVP) organophosphate insecticide. Nuvan contains76% DDVP and is accessible in India. Nuvan Insecticide is highly misused as orally ingested in suicide attemptsand is one of the leading causes of poisoning deaths in Indian rural areas.Methods: In this case study, we have diagnosed the four poisoning deaths by Nuvan-dichlorvos insecticidethrough Post-Mortem examination and toxicological analysis. The gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) was grosslyexamined. The solvent extraction method is used for withdrawing pesticide content from GIT. Toxicologicalanalyses were performed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using a spraying reagentResults: A Fluorescent turquoise blue liquid content was found throughout the stomach to the small intestine.Content had a notable odor of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The mucosal walls of the stomach were highlycongested and hemorrhagic. Toxicological analyses done for all four cases showed a confirmatory detection ofdichlorvos.Conclusions: The simple gross examination of gastrointestinal viscera during post-mortem is supportingdiagnostic evidence for orally administered Nuvan insecticide. Solvent extraction method is a suitable techniquefor the extraction of pesticides from aqueous biological matrices. Thin Layer Chromatography is a simple andinexpensive technique for chemical confirmation and DDVP was detected.
CHOICE OF INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR PROCEDURE
Authors: Bulyk I. I. , Bondaryev R. V.
Published: October 2022

Although many surgeons now prefer the Lichtenstein operation, the optimal technique for inguinal hernia repair remains controversial. Although many studies have compared Lichtenstein, TAPP and TEP operations, there is no single solution. Therefore, in our work, we considered and analyzed the effectiveness of the treatment of inguinal hernias with these three currently recommended methods.

Aim. To compare TAPP, TEP, and Lichtenstein based on analysis of immediate treatment outcomes.

Materials and methods. We performed surgical treatment of inguinal hernia in 211 patients. All of them underwent tension-free hernia repair using a prolene prosthesis. Lichtenstein procedure was performed in 65 patients (Lichtenstein group), TAPP (TAPP group) in 81 patients and TEP (TEP group) in 65 patients.

Results. The time of operation in patients of different groups differed improbably, although this indicator was the highest in the TEP group. Length of hospital stay was lowest in the Lichtenstein group and highest in the TEP group, although no statistical significance was observed. The terms of outpatient treatment were improbably the lowest in the TAPP group and the highest in the TEP group. The lack of statistical probability between these analyzed indicators allowed us to state that all procedure for inguinal hernia did not differ in terms of operation time and terms of postoperative medical, social and physical rehabilitation. The frequency of inguinal hematoma, subcutaneous emphysema, and seroma was probably (p<0.05) highest in the TEP group. Shoulder scapular pain syndrome occurred more often in the TAPP group (p<0.001). The frequency of development of other complications between patients of all three groups differed improbably. When TAPP was performed, in comparison with only TEP, shoulder scapular pain syndrome probably developed more often (OR 10.06, 95 %, CI 1.26–80.10, p = 0.019; χ2 = 5.43), however, the frequency of subcutaneous emphysema (OR 0.57, 95 %, CI 0.24–1.36, p=0.29; χ2=1.10) and hernia recurrence (OR 1.62, 95%, CI 0.14–18.28, p = 0.84; χ2 = 0.04) differed improbably.

Conclusions. We did not notice significant differences in the duration of the operation, the frequency of postoperative complications, the length of stay in the hospital, and the recovery of work capacity and quality of life when using the currently recommended methods of inguinal hernia repair. This makes it possible to choose a method of hernia treatment, focusing more on anesthetic contraindications and concomitant diseases.
NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AS AN EARLY PROGNOSTIC PREDICTOR OF THE COURSE OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors: Formanchuk T. V. , Shaprinskiy V. O. , Lopushanskiy O. M.
Published: October 2022

Summury. Introduction. One of the laboratory markers that can be used both to determine the severity of the systemic inflammatory response and to predict the further course of acute pancreatitis (AP) is the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).
The aim of our work was to study the dynamics of changes in the NLR indicator on 1, 3 and 5 days after hospitalization in groups of patients with AP.
Materials and methods: The data of 99 patients with AP of moderate severity and severe who were treated in the department of surgery and intensive care unit of the Vinnytsia city clinical emergency hospital for the period from January 2018 to December 2020 were analyzed. The diagnosis of AP was made based on the criteria of Atlanta, 2012. All patients were divided into two groups. The group of patients who survived consisted of 78 patients and 21 patients who died, respectively. NLR was calculated on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after hospitalization of patients in a hospital in each group and the reliability of the difference of this indicator was evaluated. Results and discussion: The NLR on the day of hospitalization in the group of the dead did not differ significantly from the group of survivors and was (11,6±2,7) and (10,6±2,1), respectively (p>0,05). On the third day of hospital stay, despite infusion therapy, there was a significant increase in the NLR index in the group of the deceased to (13,8±4,6) and its decrease in the group of patients who survived to (6,8±2,3) (p<0,0001). On the fifth day of hospital stay, there was a decrease in the level of NLR in the group of the dead to (7,7±1,5), with a significant difference compared to the group of patients who survived — (7,0±1,7) (p<0,05). Conclusions: In this study, we did not find a significant difference in the NLR index on the 1st day of hospitalization in the groups of deceased patients with AP and surviving patients (p>0,05), however, we observed a sharp, significant increase in the NLR index on the 3rd day in the group of patients, who died compared to the group that survived (p<0,0001). On the 5th day after the hospitalization of the patients, against the background of the infusion therapy, a decrease in the NLR index was noted in both groups of patients to almost the same level, while maintaining a reliable difference between them (p<0,05).
INFLUENCE OF JAUNDICE NATURE ON THE TREATMENT TACTICS OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors: Tamm T. I. , Nepomnyaschiy V. V. , Kramarenko K. O. , Mamontov I. M. , Zakharchuk O. P. , Zulfigarov I. G. , Ryabushenko D. D.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The aim of the study is to improve the treatment results of patients with AP with jaundice syndrome by improving the quality of differential diagnosis of the nature of concomitant jaundice.

Materials and methods of research. The treatment results of 52 patients with acute pancreatitis complicated by jaundice syndrome were analyzed, jaundice was mechanical in 42 (80.9 %) cases, parenchy-mal – in 10 (19.1 %).

Results and discussion. 28 from 42 patients with acute pancreatitis and mechanical jaundice caused by concretion in the large duodenal papilla, choledocholithiasis and papillitis underwent endoscopic papillosphincterotomy with nasobiliary drainage. In 7 cases open cholecystectomy with choledocholithotomy and retroduodenal space drainage were performed due to the large size of concretions. LChE was performed in 21 case, elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 14 patients with compression of the common hepatic duct by inflammatory infiltrate in the gallbladder neck. There were no fatalities in the group of patients with acute pancreatitis and mechanical jaundice. In the group of patients with acute pancreatitis and parenchymal jaundice 4 from 10 patients died, mortality was 40 %.

Conclusions. Ultrasound is required for differential diagnosis of mechanical and parenchymal jaundice in acute pancreatitis, which allows the determination of the treatment tactics, type of surgery and the extent of conservative therapy.
IMPACT OF GALVANIZATION ON THE COURSE OF THE WOUND PROCESS IN THERMAL BURNS
Authors: Petryuk B. V. , Khomko O. Y. , Grodetskyy V. K. , Hrebeniuk V. I. , Yakobchuk S. O. , Khomko L. P.
Published: October 2022

Resume. The aim of the research was to study the feasibility of galvanization in the case of superficial and deep dermal thermal burns.

Materials and methods. The efficiency of the direct current electric field (DCEF) was studied in an experiment on 16 sexually mature white rats weighing from 190 to 250 g, by causing them thermal burns using a special device. The area of the simulated burn was 8–10 % of the rat body surface, depending on its size. The depth of the lesion corresponded to IIIA-B degree burns according to O. V. Vyshnevsky (superficial and deep dermal burns). Galvanization of the damaged area was performed under anesthesia from the 3rd day using the device «Stream-1» with a direct current density of 0.04–0.05 mA/cm2 for 30 minutes. Behavioral reactions of animals, dynamics of weight loss, features of the wound process in the area of thermal damage were evaluated. Histological and bacteriological examination of wounds was performed for 2–3, 6–7, 13–14, and 19–21 days after modeling of burns.

Results and discussion. The use of galvanization of burn wounds contributed to the activation of demarcation and cleaning processes in the damaged area, accelerated reparative regeneration, reduced microbial contamination of the wound surface. Thus, the optimization of the wound process was achieved, which was reflected in the timing of healing of the affected areas.

Conclusions. As a result of an experimental study, it was found that DCEF has a beneficial effect on the wound process in the case of superficial and deep dermal thermal burns.
FEATURES OF THE K EY TYPE AND CHARACTER OF FIRE INJURIES OF MILITARY PERSONNEL DURING MODERN ARMED CONFLICTS
Authors: Lurin I. A. , Khomenko I. P. , Gumeniuk K. V. , Korol S. O. , Tsema Ie. V. , Tertyshnyi S. V. , Popova O. М.
Published: October 2022

Summary. The results of studying the main damaging factors of servicemen, it is necessary to consider a large number of components of a military conflict. The problem is that in some conflicts there is little data on the loss ratio. Ancient wars were not as familiar as modern ones. Data on ancient wars are sometimes exaggerated, or vice versa, in order to prevent a catastrophe in the military and political sense, they are underestimated. The study of the structure of combat trauma remains a very topical topic. In light of the development of medical and military science, it becomes possible to consider the problem as a multimodal scheme.

The aim of a view of the battle in the field of service every hour of the holding of a conflict.

Materials and methods for further development. In the peaceful hour of the middle of the civilian population, there are a lot of wounds in the fire, so they have to go for the crime of criminalization of the suspension, as well as in the case of non-merciless vapours on the edge, with the unprotected, unbearable weather in the winter.

The results of that discussion. The analysis of scientific information during the ATO / OUF showed that in the structure of sanitary losses of a surgical profile, injuries from ear problems to become 56.7% – 62.6% to the most obvious, isolated character.

Conclusions. Clinical-epidemiological and clinical-anatomical pre-diagnoses reported that injuries due to splinter ears of children become 80.4 %, with cultivars — 13.1 %, with minor-explosive — 2.2 % and with explosive injuries.
INTESTINAL STOMA: CAUSES OF FORMATION AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Shaprynskyi V. O. , Verba A. V. , Shaprynskyi Yе. V. , Horoshun E. M.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Aim. The aim of our work was to analyze the causes of intestinal fistula formation in injuries and diseases of the abdominal cavity of different genesis and to identify the causes of complications in them.

Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 88 patients who were treated at the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Central Region and the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region, who underwent surgery with formation of intestinal fistula for the period from 2015 to 2022, were studied. The reasons for surgery in 17 cases were combat trauma to the abdomen, in 53 ca-ses – intestinal disease of malignant origin, in 15 – diverticular disease, others: stab wound to the abdomen – in 1, pelviorectal paraproctitis – in 1, mesenteric thrombosis – in 1.

Results and discussion. In the postoperative period 22 patients had complications after stoma formation. These complications were divided into complications from the stoma and intestine of the stoma, as well as the skin around the stoma. Some patients had 2-3 complications, so the total number of complications exceeded the total number of patients with complications.

Among the early complications were observed: parastomal dermatitis (17) with ulceration (8), parastomal infiltrate (3), parastomal abscess (1), retraction of the stoma (3), stoma deviation from skin and its failure (1), necrosis of the stoma (1), bleeding (1), failure of the gut stump (1), abdominal abscess (1). Among the late complications we noted: prolapse of the stoma (3), ligature fistulas (7), stricture of the stoma (1), parastomal hernias (2), hypergranulation (6). The frequency of these complications, in our opinion, depends on the correct formation of the stoma with proper surgical techniques, taking into account the anatomical features of the structure of the anterior abdominal wall, the constitutional characteristics of the patient, the degree of infection of parastomal tissues.

Conclusions. The most common early complications after stoma formation are purulent-inflammatory, which occurred in 25.0 % of patients operated on urgently. Among late complications, complications such as ligature fistulas, prolapse and paracolostomy hernias were common – up to 7.95 %, which required surgical correction.
ASSESSMENT OF THE SEVERE OF THE PATIENT’S CONDITION IS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF THE TREATMENT PROCESS FOR PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL SEPSIS
Authors: Polovyi V. P. , Sydorchuk R. I. , Solovei Yu. M. , Palianytsia A. S. , Romanovskyy M. Ja.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. To date, numerous studies continue to identify factors that significantly affect the outcome of treatment of intraperitoneal infections.

The proposed work: to improve existing systems for assessing the severity of the patient’s condition by modification aimed at adapting to the capabilities of most domestic clinics.

Material and methods. Based on the analysis of clinical and laboratory data obtained in 183 patients with acute peritonitis and abdominal sepsis, a scale for assessing the severity of patients was developed.

Results. The developed scale of assessment of the severity of patients (OTSP) coincides with the most widespread system АРАСНЕ (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation) II. Some changes and additions are related to the transfer of indicators to the international system of SI measurements, the use of regulatory data adopted in Ukraine, as well as the introduction of two new parameters. The scale system is based on numerical evaluation of clinical, physiological, laboratory and other parameters. The presence of clinical symptoms or deviations of physiological, biochemical parameters from the norm is determined by the number and values relating to one patient, added to the general scale.

Conclusion. The proposed scale for assessing the severity of the patient’s condition is available and informative enough for use in patients with acute peritonitis and abdominal sepsis.
OPTIMIZATION OF SURGICAL TACTICS IN PATIENTS WITH POSTNECROTIC PANCREATIC CYSTS
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Shevchenko O. M. , Merkulov A. O. , Bilodid Ye. O.
Published: October 2022

Summary. The predominance of people of working age (21-60 years) among patients with pancreatic necrosis, the occurrence of permanent disability in a significant part of patients, high overall and postoperative mortality (20-85 %), due to various complications, turns the treatment of pancreatic necrosis into an important social problem. The frequency of formation of false cysts in acute pancreatitis is 5-16 %, and in destructive forms it increases to 60-80 %.

Materials and methods. The scope of endoscopic interventions in the treatment of 16 patients with pancreatic cysts of the pancreas directly depended on the preoperative findings and, first of all, on the presence of the connection of the cyst with the pancreatic ducts. Favorable conditions for endoscopic correction in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts were a small (less than 10 mm) distance between their cavity and the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, minimal thickness of the capsule (no more than 2 mm), large dimensions (over 6 cm), as well as localization in the projection body and isthmus of the pancreas.

Research results. When analyzing the results of the treatment of complications of pancreatic necrosis, we formulated an algorithm for the rational choice of operative interventions. We believe that rational treatment is based on early diagnosis of PN complications, including hemorrhagic ones.

Conclusions. The use of the developed algorithm allowed us to reliably reduce postoperative mortality among patients of this category.
QUESTIONS OF PREVENTION OF RECURRENCE OF ESOPHAGEAL HERNIA
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Yevtushenko D. O. , Nemenko S. O. , Fursov I. G.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The paper presents a review of the literature on the recurrence of esophageal hernia after surgery. The number of early and late postoperative complications varies considerably, their frequency can reach 17 %. The effectiveness of repeated operations varies between 23-89 %.

The recurrence rate of esophageal hernia of laparoscopic fundoplication was (9.3 %) and the most common cause of unsatisfactory results was the destruction of the fundoplication cuff (41.7 %).

Further research and development of an individualized approach to the choice of method of performing fundoplication, determination of criteria for predicting the risk of recurrence of esophageal hernia, definition and development of methods for prevention of recurrence of esophageal hernia.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte (NTL) ratio and its prognostic significance in patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS)
Authors: Sarwat Bibi  , Sara Jabbar  , Zeeshan Ali  , Khurram Saqib  , Humaira Ahmad  , Muhammad Saleem
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio has an important role to predict the outcome of diabetic foot syndrome. The aim is to evaluate NTL ratio as a prognostic factor in diabetic foot syndrome and its importance in diabetic wounds.

METHODOLOGY: Descriptive cross-sectional study was to evaluate NTL ratio for prognosis of DFS. All cases were assessed for smoking, body mass index, presence of wound, glycated hemoglobin level, peripheral limb ischemia and infection. Patients were examined for a period of 12 months to assess wound if it resulted in minor amputation (below the level of ankle), major amputations (below/above knee amputation), chronic wound or completely healed wound. Chi-Square test was applied for categorical data.

RESULTS: Total 100 patients were included and 61% were smokers. Average BMI was 31.7 and 34.5 in males and  females. Complete wound healing found in 18% cases after debridement and chronic wounds in 15% patients. Subjects had to undergo major (above ankle) 16% and minor (below ankle) 51% amputations. Mean NTL count was 3.5 in fully healed wounds, 4.3 in chronic wounds, 6.9 in major amputations, and 5.2 in minor amputations. As the p-value indicates, there is a significant relationship between healed wounds, minor amputations, Chronic wounds and major amputations and the NTL ratio.

CONCLUSION: Results revealed NTL ratio has independent prognosis in DFS for anticipating wound upshot. NTL ratio has a significant link with healed wounds, minor amputations, and major amputations, as indicated by p-value.
Hemisection as an Alternative Treatment for Mandibular Molars with Separated Instrument: A Case Report
Authors: Ateeq-ur-Rehman  , Bader Munir
Published: October 2022

Hemisection is a procedure involving the removal of an untreatable root with an accompanied crown portion while saving the other healthy root with adequate bone support. This case report represents the treatment of 2nd mandibular molar with irretrievable and unable to bypass separated instruments in the mesiobuccal canal of the mesial root. After sectioning the tooth, mesial root with the crown portion was extracted, and the remaining part of the tooth was restored as a premolar. Restorative rehabilitation was done by cementing a three-unit metal ceramic bridge. The good outcomes of endodontic treatment and patient demand towards the conservation of tooth encouraged the procedure of hemisection. For the preservation of terminal mandibular molars with irretrievable and unable to bypass separated instruments, hemisection can be considered as an alternative treatment option our objective is to conserve terminal mandibular molar with adequate bone support as a replacement in this area is complex, time consuming, and costly.
On a limit behaviour of a random walk penalised in the lower half-plane
Authors: Pilipenko A. , Prykhodko O. O.
Published: October 2022

We consider a random walk Ŝ which has different increment distributions in positive and negative half-planes.
In the upper half-plane the increments are mean-zero i.i.d. with finite variance.
In the lower half-plane we consider two cases: increments are positive i.i.d. random variables with either a slowly varying tail or with a finite expectation.
For the distributions with a slowly varying tails, we show that {Ŝ(nt)/√n} has no weak limit in D([0,1]); alternatively, the weak limit is a reflected Brownian motion.
TD 2785 - A Imagem do burocrata insatisfatório : uma apreciação
Authors: Melo Valdir Ramalho de
Published: October 2022

A ‘Imagem do Burocrata Insatisfatório’ pinta um mal que seria uniforme socialmente e culturalmente. Passa a impressão de que os desconfortos, aborrecimentos ou frustrações em lidar com órgãos estatais teriam uma explicação unicausal, certos traços depreciativos de personalidade ou de conduta dos burocratas. No entanto, uma mazela organizacional tem naturalmente explicações alternativas. Entre elas, o modo de gerenciamento sofre influência do critério de conveniência político-partidária na escolha dos dirigentes; a estrutura organizacional dos órgãos públicos é afetada pelo fato de que Estado cuida da ordem social; em boa parte dos órgãos estatais, a forma de administração segue o regime de comando e controle; e a disponibilidade de recursos é às vezes insuficiente, o que leva diversos órgãos públicos a operar com racionamento por espera.
Fisiología del almacenamiento de semillas de café
Authors: Flechas-Bejarano Natalia
Published: October 2022

La semilla es el principal recurso biológico de conservación, propagación y restauración de muchas especies de interés agrícola, siendo en el caso del café, la estructura idónea para el establecimiento de cultivos vigorosos, con elevada producción, alta calidad en taza, además de sostener la resistencia genética a la roya, las cuales son características distintivas del café de Colombia. Por lo tanto, es necesario señalar la importancia de estudiar las condiciones ideales y óptimas de temperatura y humedad relativa de almacenamiento de la semilla, que permitan preservar su óptimo desempeño fisiológico durante el máximo periodo posible de conservación, el cual puede llegar a ser en meses o años, de acuerdo con lo reportado en la literatura. El presente seminario tiene como objetivo divulgar los resultados del efecto del almacenamiento bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales sobre la viabilidad, germinación y vigor de la semillas de Coffea arabica L. variedad Castillo®, a través de las metodologías determinadas por la normatividad internacional ISTA para la valoración general de los atributos biológicos de las semillas y por ende, conocer así su respuesta fisiológica, en términos de germinación y calidad de la plántula, a lo largo de 15 meses de conservación en tres ambientes controlados de temperatura y humedad relativa contrastantes.
Cultivos biofortificados intercalados con café: mejore la nutrición familiar y obtenga ingresos adicionales
Authors: Jaramillo Santiago
Published: October 2022

La siembra de cultivos semestrales como maíz y fríjol en las calles del café durante la etapa de levante ha sido una opción tradicionalmente utilizada por los caficultores, como una práctica para añadir rentabilidad al negocio antes de obtener la primera cosecha de café. El reciente lanzamiento variedades de maíz y fríjol biofortificados de alto rendimiento, calidad nutricional y adaptación a las condiciones agroecológicas propias de la zona cafetera colombiana ofrece una nueva oportunidad para que los productores mejoren la nutrición familiar y aumenten sus ingresos a partir de venta competitiva de las cosechas sin que se afecte la productividad del café. Esta presentación resume los avances generados por Cenicafé en lo relacionado con el manejo agronómico y las ventajas de la siembra de maíz y fríjol biofortificados bajo el sistema intercalado con café.
Fermaestro para la obtención de café honey y café con sobrefermentaciones
Authors: Sanz-Uribe Juan Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

Se presentó el uso del implemento Fermaestro para establecer métodos con fermentaciones incompletas, en los que se remueve parcialmente el mucílago, con el fin de producir cafés conocidos en el mercado como Honeys, y métodos para producir cafés con sobrefermentaciones, asociados a los cafés conocidos como vinosos. Se hicieron evaluaciones con café sin remoción de mucílago, con degradación del 25%, 50% y 75%, café lavado en el momento marcado por el Fermaestro® (Testigo), y con cafés que tuvieron tiempos adicionales de fermentación de 2, 4, 6 y 8 horas. Las pruebas fueron realizadas en un cuarto con una temperatura ambiente controlada a 19°C (±0,5°C). Se mostró que no hubo diferencia estadística entre las calificaciones de las tazas de los nueve tratamientos. Se presentó que hay probabilidades entre 22% y 77% de obtener tazas con defectos sensoriales y entre 67% y 78% de no superar la calificación total SCA del café procesado con el método Fermaestro®, cuando se pretende obtener cafés Honey. Por el lado de los cafés con sobrefermentaciones se obtuvo una probabilidad entre 0% y el 11% de obtener tazas con defecto, mientras que se obtuvo una probabilidad entre 44% y 56% de no superar las calificaciones obtenidas por el testigo. El café procesado de la manera recomendada en el método Fermaestro®, no mostró defectos y obtuvo un promedio de 81,6 puntos en la escala SCA que lo catalogan como café de muy buena calidad.
Diseño de beneficiaderos: cumpla con las 7 prácticas clave y produzca café de calidad
Authors: Ramírez César Augusto
Published: October 2022

Las diferentes etapas del beneficio del café deben ser cumplidas con eficiencia mecánica, sin perjudicar la calidad del producto final, para lo cual se deben disponer de instalaciones adecuadamente diseñadas y construidas. Lo anterior implica conocer las expectativas de los usuarios y los puntos básicos a tener en cuenta para la planificación, diseño y construcción de un beneficiadero, que permita asegurar el éxito de la explotación agrícola así como de las inversiones, obteniendo un café de alta calidad. En las etapas requeridas para el beneficio por vía húmeda: recibo, despulpado, remoción de mucílago, clasificado, lavado y secado, el café es altamente susceptible de ser afectado en su calidad, pudiéndose producir a veces la pérdida total. Los beneficiaderos de café son estructuras que se deben diseñar para transformar los frutos de café, con criterios de alta eficiencia técnica, económica y ambiental. Para el manejo eficiente del beneficio del café, se necesitan los conocimientos y fundamentos básicos de cada una de las etapas que influyen en el proceso, para que la calidad intrínseca del café proveniente del campo se conserve al terminar su procesamiento, garantizando de esta forma la conservación de la alta calidad del café colombiano. A través de los desarrollos tecnológicos que Cenicafé ha emprendido en el proceso del beneficio, ha contribuido además, a resolver los problemas de manejo de agua y de contaminación que puede ser generada en el proceso de beneficio. Las siete prácticas clave para producir café de buena calidad, están enmarcadas dentro de la Estrategia de la Gerencia Técnica de la Federación de Cafeteros, “Más Agronomía, Más productividad, Más Calidad”. Este seminario científico es una orientación práctica, producto de la experiencia de la Disciplina de Poscosecha de Cenicafé, a los Extensionistas y caficultores que les permita tomar decisiones acertadas en cuanto a la elección de las tecnologías de beneficio ecológico de café que se ajuste a las necesidades particulares y producir un café de buena calidad.
Perspectives on Contributory Factors to Student Success in Higher Education at a University in South Africa
Authors: Sabelo Peter , Legg-Jack Dagogo William
Published: October 2022

Over time, many students that enroll in programmes at the university end up dropping out without completing their studies. This trend is worrisome as it points to a defeat of the objectives of entering and graduating from the university. Therefore, this study explored the perspectives of contributory factors to student success in higher education at a South African University. The study addressed one objective namely, participants’ understanding of factors that contribute to student success in higher education. To address this objective, a qualitative case study design located in the interpretive paradigm was employed to generate data through a semi-structured interview from twelve participants purposively selected from undergraduate and postgraduate students. Of these twelve participants, four represented First Time Entering (FTEN) students, four (4) second year and third year respectively and four (4) postgraduate students across two faculties, namely the Faculty of Education and School Development and Faculty of Economics and Information Technology Systems , Komani campus,Walter Sisulu University, South Africa. The data was analysed thematically. The results revealed the following themes, namely, no student left behind, the need for an enabling environment, students as partners, data-informed practices, assessment for sustainability, and a multi-dimensional approach for success. With these findings, the study concludes that addressing the needs of all students collectively, creating an enabling environment, involving students as partners, the use of data-informed practices, and assessment for sustainability among others all impact students’ success in higher education. Thus, as part of the contribution to the body of knowledge, these findings highlight factors that contribute to the debate on students’ success in higher education.

Key Words: First Time Entering Students (FTENs), Higher Education, Enablers of Student Success
Comparison of Electron Capture Rates in the N = 50 Region using 1D Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Johnston Zac , Wasik Sheldon , Titus Rachel , Warren MacKenzie L. , O’Connor Evan P. , Zegers Remco , Couch Sean M.
Published: October 2022

Recent studies have highlighted the sensitivity of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) models to electron-capture (EC) rates on neutron-rich nuclei near the N = 50 closed-shell region. In this work, we perform a large suite of one-dimensional CCSN simulations for 200 stellar progenitors using recently updated EC rates in this region. For comparison, we repeat the simulations using two previous implementations of EC rates: a microphysical library with parametrized N = 50 rates (LMP), and an older independent-particle approximation (IPA). We follow the simulations through shock revival up to several seconds post-bounce, and show that the EC rates produce a consistent imprint on CCSN properties, often surpassing the role of the progenitor itself. Notable impacts include the timescale of core collapse, the electron fraction and mass of the inner core at bounce, the accretion rate through the shock, the success or failure of revival, and the properties of the central compact remnant. We also compare the observable neutrino signal of the neutronization burst in a DUNE-like detector, and find consistent impacts on the counts and mean energies. Overall, the updated rates result in properties that are intermediate between LMP and IPA, and yet slightly more favorable to explosion than both.
3 μm Spectroscopic Survey of Near-Earth Asteroids
Authors: McGraw L. E. , Emery J. P. , Thomas C. A. , Rivkin A. R. , Wigton N. R. , McAdam M.
Published: October 2022

Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) are excellent laboratories for processes that affect airless body surfaces. S-complex (including V-type) NEAs were not expected to contain OH/H2O on their surfaces because they formed in the anhydrous regions of the solar system and their surface temperatures are high enough to remove these volatiles. However, a 3 μm feature typically indicative of OH/H2O was identified on other seemingly dry bodies in the inner solar system, raising the question of how widespread volatiles may be on NEAs. We observed 29 NEAs using both prism (0.7–2.52 μm) and LXD_short (1.67–4.2 μm) modes on SpeX on NASA’s IRTF in order to accurately characterize asteroid spectral type and the 3 μm region. Eight of the observed NEAs have a 3 μm absorption feature at >1σ (three of which are present to >2σ), and they exhibit four identified band shape types. Possible sources for OH/H2O on these bodies include carbonaceous chondrite impacts and/or interactions with protons implanted by solar wind. Characteristics such as composition and aphelion appear to play an important role in the delivery and/or retention of OH/H2O, as all eight NEAs with an absorption feature are S-complex asteroids and six enter the main asteroid belt. Additionally, perihelion, size, albedo, and orbital period may play a minor role. Our observations determined that nominally anhydrous, inner solar system bodies, and therefore near-Earth space in general, contain more OH/H2O than previously expected. The identified trends should help predict which NEAs that have not yet been observed might contain OH/H2O on their surfaces.
Occurrence data on beetles (Coleoptera) collected in Dutch coastal dunes between 1953 and 1960
Authors: Gerrits G.M. , Hemerik L.
Published: October 2022

Historical field data in ecology are exceedingly rare and, therefore, their preservation and publication is of high importance, especially as these data can function as a point of reference for present day biodiversity research. Therefore, we digitised a 65-year-old dataset on ground-dwelling beetles caught with pitfall traps in the coastal dune area "Meijendel", situated in the western part of the Netherlands.

The data presented in this paper has never been published in a systematic way before and has had a long journey from moment of capture to the current digitisation. From 1953 through to 1960, 100 pitfalls were active and catches were collected once a week. A total of 36,400 samples were aggregated with approximately 90,000 occurrences recorded. All captures were identified up to species level and counted and sex determined where possible. The database has been registered in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and can be found under: https://www.gbif.org/dataset/9d02b439-aa5c-4c22-b1d9-d27fbde9e3ee.
Phaeoisaria laianensis (Pleurotheciales, Pleurotheciaceae), a new species from freshwater habitats in China
Authors: Liu Yu , Xu Gui-Ping , Yan Xin-Yi , Chen Min-Hui , Gao Yang , Hu Hai-Jing , Song Hai-Yan , Hu Dian-Ming , Zhai Zhi-Jun
Published: October 2022

Freshwater fungi play an indispensable role in the ecosystem and have great research value. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of a concatenated dataset of ITS, LSU and SSU sequences, a new species, Phaeoisaria laianensis, was introduced as a freshwater hyphomycete from Anhui Province, China.

Phaeoisaria laianensis was morphologically described as erect, rigid, dark brown to black, velvety synnemata which has macronematous, septate, branched, brown to dark brown, parallel adpressed conidiophores with polyblastic, integrated, terminal, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, denticulate, sympodial conidiogenous cells and ellipsoidal to obovoid, rounded at the apex, obtuse and tapering towards base, septate, guttulate conidia. Based on molecular and morphological characteristics, it is confirmed to be a new species. All illustrations and descriptions have been provided.
Les résidences pour personnes âgées : un foyer de contradictions
Authors: Freyssinet Jacques
Published: October 2022

Les résidences pour personnes âgées présentent en Angleterre un exemple des situations engendrées par l’interaction de politiques menées avec des objectifs hétérogènes et selon des calendriers différents. La pandémie exacerbe les conséquences de choix antérieurs avec un pic de surmortalité et une dégradation des conditions d’accueil. Elle aggrave la crise d’un personnel précarisé aux qualifications non reconnues. Le gouvernement est contraint de présenter un programme de rénovation doté de modestes moyens.
L’information en ligne à La Réunion et à Maurice : retour sur quelques travaux (2003-2022)
Authors: Idelson Bernard
Published: October 2022

L’article propose de revisiter des analyses effectuées il y a une vingtaine d’années à propos de l’information en ligne à La Réunion (presse locale) et à Maurice (presse nationale). Il s’intéresse à la mise sous connexion de ces deux territoires insulaires de l’océan Indien et aux travaux qui ont permis depuis de saisir – en contextes – les transformations de leurs médias d’information. La question de la (re)territorialisation de l’information en ligne est abordée. Elle tient compte des reconfigurations numériques de l’économie de ces médias régionaux de l’océan Indien et de celles des pratiques et des productions journalistiques qui en découlent. Pour ce faire, nous reprenons le cadre théorique et méthodologique utilisé il y a deux décennies en y apportant quelques ajustements.
Mathematical modeling to study the interactions of two risk populations in COVID-19 spread in Thailand
Authors: Ritraksa Siriprapa , Photphanloet Chadaphim , Shuaib Sherif Eneye , Intarasit Arthit , Riyapan Pakwan
Published: October 2022

The use of vaccines has always been controversial. Individuals in society may have different opinions about the benefits of vaccines. As a result, some people decide to get vaccinated, while others decide otherwise. The conflicting opinions about vaccinations have a significant impact on the spread of a disease and the dynamics of an epidemic. This study proposes a mathematical model of COVID-19 to understand the interactions of two populations: the low risk population and the high risk population, with two preventive measures. Unvaccinated individuals with chronic diseases are classified as high risk population while the rest are a low risk population. Preventive measures used by low risk group include vaccination (pharmaceutical way), while for the high risk population they include wearing masks, social distancing and regular hand washing (non-pharmaceutical ways). The susceptible and infected sub-populations in both the low risk and the high risk groups were studied in detail through calculations of the effective reproduction number, model analysis, and numerical simulations. Our results show that the introduction of vaccination in the low risk population will significantly reduce infections in both subgroups.
Using rheological monitoring to determine the gelation kinetics of chitosan-based systems
Authors: Duarte Belmiro P. M. , Moura Maria J.
Published: October 2022

The modeling of polymeric reactions is a topic of large interest. The gelation reactions that may result from self-crosslinking or hybrid (agent based-) crosslinking are examples with interest specially in biomaterials applications. The composition of polymer entities during the reaction is hard to follow, and their concentration is not a good measure of the system dynamics. One alternative is monitoring the rheological behavior of the reacting mass, and relate the elastic modulus of the mixture with the rheological degree of conversion. In this paper we use rheological data to fit Malkin and Kulichikin (1996) [1] based models to describe the crosslinking of chitosan. First, the self-crosslinking of chitosan is considered. Then, the agent-based crosslinking reaction promoted by genipin is addressed. We use dynamical rheological data to fit the reaction models. The model fitting problem generated using Maximum Likelihood principle with heteroscedastic prediction error variance is formulated as a Dynamic Optimization problem and subsequently solved with a sequential approach. Parametric confidence regions are computed using the linear approximation of the covariance matrix at the optimum. Further, the parameters correlation matrix is also determined and used to qualitatively infer about the practical identifiability. The reaction order obtained for self-crosslinking kinetics is 1.3375 ± (0.0151) – approximately of first order –, and is 2.2402 ± (0.0373) for hybrid crosslinking (approximately of second order). In both cases we prove the error variance model is heteroskedastic and the model is identifiable. The approach proposed herein can be extended to other polymer systems.
A comprehensive transfer news headline generation method based on semantic prototype transduction
Authors: Ma Ting-Huai , Yu Xin , Rong Huan
Published: October 2022

Most current deep learning-based news headline generation models only target domain-specific news data. When a new news domain appears, it is usually costly to obtain a large amount of data with reference truth on the new domain for model training, so text generation models trained by traditional supervised approaches often do not generalize well on the new domain—inspired by the idea of transfer learning, this paper designs a cross-domain transfer text generation method based on domain data distribution alignment, intermediate domain redistribution, and zero-shot learning semantic prototype transduction, focusing on the data problem with no reference truth in the target domain. Eventually, the model can be guided by the most relevant source domain data to generate headlines from the target domain news text through the semantic correlation between source and target domain data during the training process of generating headlines for the target domain news, even without any reference truth of the news headlines in the target domain, which improves the usability of the text generation model in real scenarios. The experimental results show that the proposed transfer text generation method has a good domain transfer effect and outperforms other existing transfer text generation methods in various text generation evaluation indexes, proving the proposed method's effectiveness in this paper.
Visual analysis of social events and stock market volatility in China and the USA during the pandemic
Authors: Ren Xiao , Hua Jie , Chi Xin , Tan Yao
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most severe infectious diseases in recent decades, and has had a significant impact on the global economy, and the stock market. Most existing studies on stock market volatility during the pandemic have been conducted from a data science perspective, with statistical analysis and mathematical models often revealing the superficial relationship between Covid and the stock market at the data level. In contrast, few studies have explored the relationship between more specialised aspects of the pandemic. Specifically, the relationship found between major social events and the stock market. In this work, a multi-source, data-based relationship analysis method is proposed, that collects historical data on significant social events and related stock data in China and the USA, to further explore the potential correlation between stock market index fluctuations and the impact of social events by analysing cross-timeline data. The results suggest and offer more evidence that social events do indeed impact equity markets, and that the indices in both China and the USA were also affected more by the epidemic in 2020 than in 2021, and these indices became less affected by the epidemic as it became the world adapted. Moreover, these relationships may also be influenced by a variety of other factors not covered in this study. This research, so far, is in its initial stage, and the methodology is not rigorous and cannot be applied as an individual tool for decision; however, it could potentially serve as a supplementary tool and provide a multi-dimensional basis for stock investors and policymakers to make decisions.
An SEIR model for information propagation with a hot search effect in complex networks
Authors: Chen Xiaonan , Zhang Suxia
Published: October 2022

We formulate an SEIR model for information propagation with the effect of a hot search in complex networks. Mathematical analysis is conducted in both a homogeneous network and heterogenous network. The results reveal that the dynamics are completely determined by the basic propagation number if the effect of a hot search is absent. On the other hand, when the effect of a hot search is taken into account, there exists no information-free equilibrium, and the information-propagating equilibrium is stable if the threshold is greater than 1. Numerical simulations were performed to examine the sensitivity of the parameters to the basic propagation number and the propagable nodes. Furthermore, the proposed model has been applied to fit the collected data for two types of information spreading in Sina Weibo, which confirmed the validity of our model and simulated the dynamical behaviors of information propagation.
Probiotic growth in skin-like conditions
Authors: Lizardo MP , Tavaria FK
Published: October 2022

Although probiotics' main known effects are in the digestive system, over the last years several benefits that come from their topical use, have been investigated. Several studies have reported beneficial effects on different skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, acne, eczema, psoriasis, wound healing, skin aging and reactive skin. Their main action is assigned to the inhibition of skin colonization by pathogens. In this work, the growths of three probiotic strains were evaluated in the presence of abiotic factors similar to those found in skin, namely, UV radiation, temperature, pH, NaCl and fatty acids. Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed increased growth under the pH of 6, but no differences in its growth were found for the various NaCl concentrations tested. Lactobacillus delbrueckii increased the number of bacterial cells in 88.8% when grown in 10 mM NaCl concentration, while Propioniferax innocua showed increased growth at 45 °C. All tested probiotic bacteria were able to grow under skin-like conditions. However, L. rhamnosus was the probiotic that showed the best results. The results obtained in this study indicate that the used probiotics may be beneficial in the treatment of skin diseases, since they are able to successfully thrive in skin-like conditions.