bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMBOLIC MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. EXPERIENCE IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Shilova A. S. , Gilyarova E. M. , Andreev D. A. , Shchekochikhin D. Yu. , Novikova N. A. , Gilyarov M. Yu.
Published: July 2018

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, both in the Russian Federation and around the world. Approximately, in up to 10% of patients with clinical diagnostic features of AMI, early angiography does not reveal an occluded vessel or possibly any evidence of coronary artery disease. These patients constitute an intriguing subgroup referred to as “Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries” (MINOCA). MINOCA is a collective concept that unites many different pathologies, which determines the essential heterogeneity of the etiological factors. Coronary artery embolism is recognized as an important non-atherosclerotic cause of AMI. In turn, the most common underlying disease in those with coronary embolism is the atrial fibrillation. The advantages of reperfusion strategy and cardioprotective therapy in the treatment of obstructive arteriosclerosis are well studied, widely presented in the literature and supported by a strong evidence base, while the issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with MINOCA are currently widely discussed We present two clinical cases of embolic myocardial infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation, diagnosed in our clinic in 2017.
ECONOMIC BURDEN OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Kontsevaya A. V. , Balanova Yu. A. , Imaeva A. E. , Khudyakov M. B. , Karpov O. I. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2018

Background. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (HCE) is quite high in the Russian Federation (RF), and it is associated with clinical consequences and with potential economic impact. Impact includes not only cost of its correction, but also the cost of treatment of diseases and complications, as well as the deficiency of the gross domestic product (GDP).

Aim. Evaluation of economic impact due to HCE in the Russian population, including direct expenditures of the Health Care System as well as nondirect impact in common economy.

Material and methods. Prevalence of HCE in the RF was identified based on local published studies. Local statistical data (2016) on cardio-vascular diseases (CVDs), including Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), Myocardial Infarction and cerebral-vascular disease were included in the analysis. Population Attributive Risk (PAR) of HCE in CVDs has been extrapolated on all Russian population. Official statistics, parameters of Govern Guarantees Program of Free Medical Aid were used for modelling of direct and non-direct components of economic impact. Total amount of premature deaths with calculation of years of potential life lost until life expectation at 72 years was calculated. Economic impact due to premature CVDs mortality in economic activity age with consideration on ratio of employment have included GDP lost. Calculation of GDP lost also included monetary impact based on number of disability CVDs patients multiplied on GDP per capita in disability group.

Results.Visits to policlinics of patients with CVDs and HCE had a first place among all calls for medical aid. In the same time, hospitalization required in higher expenditures (outpatients cost treatment expenditures were 2.43 billion RUR, in-patients treatment – 18.21 billion RUR). IHD with HCE was most expensive for direct expenditures in comparison with other CVD groups: more than 28.9 billion RUR per year, and with direct non-medical expenditures of 29.3 billion RUR in total. Years of potential life lost in economic active age were one million in total, 1.29 trillion RUR per year mostly due to indirect expenditures due to premature deaths in economy activity age (99% of impact). Total Economic impact due to HCE in the Russian population for all HCE are estimated as 1.295 trillion RUR.

Conclusion. Total economic impact due to HCE in the RF is 1.5% of GDP (2016), 1.295 trillion RUR. Direct expenditures included Health Care System expenses; disability covering had 2.3% only. Main part of impact is economic lost due to premature mortality and decrease of labor productivity. HCE patients control at target levels with help of healthy lifestyle and adequate pharmaceutical therapy can decrease economic impact.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING A NEW FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION OF ROSUVASTATIN AND ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID: FOCUS GROUPS OF PATIENTS
Authors: Ostroumova O. D. , Kochetkov A. I. , Voevodina N. Yu. , Sharonova S. S.
Published: July 2018

The review focuses on the impairment of the carotid, coronary arteries and lower-extremity arterial disease. Systemic involvement of various vascular beds in atherogenesis is emphasized. Epidemiological characteristics of morbidity and mortality from the main clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis - ischemic stroke, ischemic heart disease and lower-extremity arterial disease are given. The current principles of drug therapy are considered from the point of view of improving the prognosis and eliminating ischemia. The basic positions of International and Russian clinical recommendations on the management of patients with the presence of certain clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis are discussed. Detailed administration schemes and the preferred doses of statins and antiplatelet agents depending on the localization of atherosclerotic lesion and the severity of stenosis are described. The target blood lipids levels in the treatment with statins are given. The advantages of statins as drugs that reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications are presented. Current data on the pattern of antiplatelet use, including acetylsalicylic acid, in individuals with clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis are given. The principal tactic of dual antiplatelet therapy and schemes of its use in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass surgery and in individuals with a history of acute coronary disorders are considered.
NEW-ONSET ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN SETTINGS OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. CURRENT ISSUES
Authors: Galjautdinov1 G. S. , Gorelkin I. V. , Ibragimova K. R. , Sadriev R. R.
Published: July 2018

The present review is focuses on new onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in conditions of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Literature sources from PubMed and Scopus was used. AF is common in the general population and in the ACS population, at that new onset AF, and AF, which was by the time of ACS development are determined. Appearance of AF is more likely amongst the elderly patients with congestive heart failure, with signs of the hemodynamic instability and with the left atrium dilatation. It is well-known about the predictors of adverse outcome in ACS. According to some literature data new onset AF leads to worsening of prognosis, and in line with other sources a reason of its association with high level of mortality is due to the severity of ACS and appearance of AF is not independent predictor of death. The absence of subjective symptoms at the time of paroxysm of new onset AF does not allow estimating its duration and distinguishing between the new onset AF, persistent and constant AF. It is possible to trace the relationship between the myocardial ischemia and AF appearance. Inefficient reperfusion during percutaneous coronary intervention or thrombolytic therapy is accompanied by the onset of AF, on the contrary, when effective patency of coronary artery is achieved, AF appears significantly less often. New onset AF in ACS, in particular, accompanied by cardiogenic shock, requires emergency pharmacological or electrical cardioversion. In some cases, active cardioversion is not necessary, because of spontaneous cardiac rhythm conversion. In conclusions, it is necessary to point out, that ambiguity and multifactority of this problem demands investigation of arrhythmogenesis mechanisms and development of special risk stratification instruments for the new onset AF in ACS.
Genesis of Flea-Born Transmission of Plague Microbe, Yersinia pestis: Two Approachs – Molecular-Genetic and Ecological Ones
Authors: Suntsov V. V.
Published: July 2018

Two approaches to studying the origin and transmission mechanism of the flea-borne plague pathogen, Yersinia pestis: molecular-genetic and ecological ones – are considered in this review. The molecular genetic approach is based on saltation evolutionary ideology and relies upon the phenomenon of horizontal gene transfer of pla and ymt as critical evolutionary events. Further deletion of some structural and regulatory genes optimized “blockage” mechanism of transmission. The Ecological approach is based on the modern synthetic theory of evolution. It posits a gradual population-genetic transformation in the Marmot – Flea (Marmota sibirica – Oropsylla silantiewi) transitional (heterothermal, heteroimmune) host-parasite system in Late Pleistocene – Holocene epochs. The best prospects for disclosing the mechanisms of evolutionary formation of flea-borne Y. pestis transmission consist in the synthesis of molecular-genetic and ecological approaches.
Natural Mega-Focus of Yersinia pestis Main Subspecies, Antique Biovar, Phylogenetic Line 4.ANT in Gorny Altai
Authors: Eroshenko G. A. , Popov N. V. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Nikiforov K. A. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Matrosov A. N. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: July 2018

Objective of this study was to investigate the areal of Yersinia pestis strains of antique biovar, main subspecies, phylogenetic line 4.ANT, as well as to establish the borders and spatial structure of mega-focus in the territory of Gorny Altai. Materials and methods. Complex comprehensive analysis of the properties in Yersinia pestis strains of the main subspecies, circulating in Gorny Altai has been conducted. 33 out of them, isolated predominantly in 2012–2017 have been sequenced. Whole genome SNP analysis and search of marker SNPs was performed using Wombac 2.0 software package. Tree diagram was built applying Maximum Likelihood algorithm, using PhyML 3.1 software on the basis of HKY85 model. Results and conclusions. Based on the results of whole genome SNPs analysis of 33 endemic strains and creation of the tree diagram of Y. pestis strains, the presence of natural mega-focus of Y. pestis belonging to the main subspecies, antique biovar, phylogenetic line 4.ANT has been substantiated. Epizootic manifestations on multiple local areas, characterized by persistent autonomous nature of plague manifestations, are registered on an annual basis. Within the boundaries of the areal of Yersinia pestis main subspecies, antique biovar, phylogenetic line 4.ANT, existence of joint natural foci of Yersinia pestis belonging to non-main subspecies ssp. altaica and ulegeica is established. Location of natural foci of the main and non-main subspecies of Yersinia pestis in different altitudinal belts of the Altai Mountains Range on the whole provides for observed multi-host and multi-vector feature of epizootic manifestations. For the first time ever, the data on the areal of the main subspecies of plague microbe are used for setting the boundaries of its natural focus.
Tactics of Non-Specific Prophylaxis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2012–2017
Authors: Mochalkin P. A. , Mochalkin A. P. , Stepanov E. G. , Farvazova L. A.
Published: July 2018

Objective of the study was to collate the lessons learned from application of differential approach to the areas with varying risk of infection while performing prophylactic measures in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Materials and methods. Archival epizootiological and epidemiological data of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Republican Center of Disinfection, Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Bashkortostan over the period of 2012–2017, as well as official statistics of the Rospotrebnadzor, including from Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology and the data contained in the Form 1 of state statistics “Information on infection and parasitic diseases” were used for the analysis. Statistical processing of the data and results acquisition were carried out using standard software package of Microsoft Office and Statistica 8.0. Results and conclusions. It is established that in 2012–2017 due to selective concentration of preventive (anti-epidemic) activities in zones of high risk of HFRS contraction in Ufa city, significant decrement in HFRS morbidity rates was achieved. In order to deploy the stated tactics across the whole territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, factors and areas of risk of infection have been identified. It is determined that the total land area with high risk of infection amounts to 14096 square kilometers; i.e. 9.8 % of the whole area of the Republic of Bashkortostan. At that, in 2012–2017 4946 cases of HFRS infection were registered here, which is 50.5 % of the total morbidity rate in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is substantiated that to stabilize the level of HFRS incidence it is necessary to provide three-fold (spring, summer, and autumn) running of disinfection activities (barrier, community deratization (disinfection)) in the territories of high risk of infection. Prophylactic measures must be aimed at protection of specific contingents falling under the high risk of HFRS contraction and be preventive in nature; i.e. be carried out prior to the periods of contact intensity and population density increase in the areas characterized by high risk of infection.
Manifestation of Activity of Potentially Hazardous as regards Anthrax Areas across the Russian Federation under Current Conditions
Authors: Simonova E. G. , Raichich S. R. , Kartavaya S. A. , Loktionova M. N. , Shabeikin A. A.
Published: July 2018

Objective of the study is to investigate the activity of potentially hazardous as regards anthrax areas in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2001–2016. Materials and methods. The data was represented by the information contained in official reporting forms of the Department for Veterinary of the Ministry of Agriculture, statistical information from the Rospotrebnadzor and Rosselkhoznadzor on anthrax morbidity rates among animals and humans in our country, information on foci investigation and surveillance, cadastre of potentially hazardous as regards anthrax areas of the Russian Federation with amendments and additions included, as well as materials from publications and results of personal researches. Results and conclusions. The data on the contemporary manifestations of activity of 135 stationary potentially hazardous as regards anthrax areas of the Russian federation have been systematized and summarized; given has been the characteristics of old, relapsing, and new stationary hazardous as regards anthrax areas, registered in the Russian Federation since the beginning of the XXI century.
La vitamina D, nutrimento clave para la salud humana, y su estado general en la población mexicana
Authors: Bourges Héctor , Flores Mario , Solomons Noel , Eggersdorfer Manfred , Gallagher Christopher
Published: July 2018

[not available]
Identificación del agente etiológico de la anaplasmosis granulocítica humana en la garrapata café de perro en Chihuahua, México
Authors: Prado-Ávila Said Rafael , Rascón-Cruz Quintín , Beristain-Ruiz Diana Marcela , Adame-Gallegos Jaime Raúl
Published: July 2018

[Not available]
Palabra impresa y salud mental: el papel de los medios
Authors: Treviño-Elizondo Francisco A , Quiroga-Garza Angélica , Willis-Sánchez Guillermo B
Published: July 2018

[No disponible]
LUGARES QUE MIGRAM – AS IMAGENS DO MUNDO VIVIDO PELOS ASSENTADOS DO CANOAS-AM / Places that migrate – The images of the world lived by the Canoas seated - AM.
Authors: Sacramenta Diane Maria Oliveira , Nogueira Amélia Regina Batista
Published: July 2018

O Canoas apresenta-se como Comunidade e Assentamento rural. Sua dinâmica pode se melhor compreendida considerando duas etapas, antes e após a chegada do Projeto de Assentamento (P.A.). Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e compreender como os migrantes assentados representam suas vivências e os lugares de seus trajetos, bem como o Canoas, criando com ele uma relação de identidade. Participaram da pesquisa dez colaboradores adultos, não naturais da região norte, devido às experiências adquiridas na migração, e três dos antigos habitantes do lugar, demonstrando a percepção sobre a chegada desses novos sujeitos. Os mapas mentais e a história oral nos auxiliaram no acesso ao mundo vivido de cada indivíduo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na perspectiva fenomenológica da Geografia. Portanto, esta pesquisa contribui na compreensão da (re) construção do lugar nas multidimensionalidades do vivido, bem como, da relação de identidade existente, ou não, pois é a partir da manifestação das relações estabelecidas que o mesmo acontece.
A COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DO GUARANÁ PELOS CAMPONESES NA COMUNIDADE DIVINO ESPÍRITO SANTO DO CASTANHAL - BARREIRINHA,AM/The commercialization of guaraná by the camponeses in the Divine Spirit Santo Community From Castanhal - Barreirinha-AM.
Authors: Souza Sanae Ferreira , Carvalho Ana Claúdia Narbaes de , Cruz Manuel de Jesus Masulo da
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho analisa sobre a comercialização e a produção do guaraná pelos camponeses da comunidade Divino Espírito Santo do Castanhal Barreirinha/AM. O objetivo do trabalho surgiu mediante a uma comunidade pouco conhecida, que os camponeses estão desenvolvendo a prática do cultivo, que serve para comercialização, que logo extraem a renda que é essencial para permanecerem produzido. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi realizado trabalho de campo no ano de 2015, foi feito entrevistas com os camponeses, perguntas semiestruturadas, câmera fotográficas e caderno de campo como principal elemento da pesquisa. A maioria dos camponeses realizam o cultivo do guaraná distantes de suas residências, outros preferem trabalhar com a mandioca, que se torna a principal base econômica dos camponeses. Na comunidade Divino Espírito Santo do Castanhal a produção do guaraná é comercializado para o consórcio sateré-mawé, que está territorializado na cidade de Parintins.
Financial sector and manufacturing sector performance: evidence from Nigeria
Authors: John Asaleye Abiola , Ibrahim Adama Joseph , Olufemi Ogunjobi Joseph
Published: July 2018

Nigerian economy depends on oil as the major source of revenue, failure to diversify the revenue base has raised questions about its sustainability and implication on the economy. This study uses market capitalization, broad money stock, credit to private sector, prime interest rate and deposit liability as proxies for the financial sector, while output in the manufacturing sector and manufacturing employment are used as proxies for manufacturing performance. The study examines the causal effects, shock effect and long-run impact using Granger Non-Causality, Vector Error Correction Model, and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square method, respectively. The results showed unidirectional causality, confirming the hypothesis of the ‘supply-leading view’ and ‘demand-following view’ except for market capitalization and output in the manufacturing sector, where independence was observed. The variance decomposition shows that the forecast error shock of credit to private sector and prime interest rate show more variations in manufacturing sector performance than other financial indicators. The long-run result using output in manufacturing sector as dependent variable shows a positive significant relationship with other financial sector indicators, except for broad money stock and deposit liability. This study recommended credit channel for transmission of monetary policy using interest rate to improve the performance of manufacturing sector, among others.
A review of potential factors contributing to epidemic cholera in Yemen
Authors: Al-Gheethi Adel , Noman Efaq , Jeremiah David Bala , Mohamed Radin , Abdullah Abd. Halid , Nagapan Sasitharan , Hashim Mohd Amir
Published: July 2018

The menace of cholera epidemic occurrence in Yemen was reported in early 2017. Recent reports revealed that an estimated 500,000 people are infected with cholera whereas 2,000 deaths have been reported in Yemen. Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water and food. Yemen is the least developed country among the Middle East countries in terms of wastewater and solid waste management. The population of Yemen is about 24.5 million and generates about 70–100 million m3 of sewage. An estimated 7% of the population has sewerage systems. It has been revealed that 31.2 million m3 of untreated sewage is used for irrigation purposes especially for vegetables and Khat trees. In addition, more than 70% of the population in Yemen has no potable water. They depend on water wells as a water source which are located close to sewage disposal sites. The present review focuses on the current status of water, wastewater as well as solid waste management in Yemen and their roles in the outbreak of cholera. Future prospects for waste management have been proposed.
TRUMP’S FOREIGN POLICY: PLANS AND REALITIES
Authors: Emelianov E. V.
Published: July 2018

The article considers the changes in US foreign trade policy at the beginning of the Trump’s presidency. Exporting is a critical component for the long-term growth and the U.S. economy overall, and supporting millions of jobs in US. Though D. Trump campaigned for president as a protectionist, there was no such steps the first year of his presidency. But his second year in the White House began with announcing new tariffs on solar panels, washing machines, then on steel, aluminium. As concerning steel products, the United States being the world’s largest steel importer have persistent trade deficit.The US trade law allows the president to limit imports in case if domestic industries are threatened, against unfair foreign trade practices for a period of time, but such measures were not frequent in US practice. Meanwhile new protectionist measures are debated. Trump’s policy is being opposed not only by trade partners of the US, but in the US as well, by those who argue that protectionist measures will complicate international relationships.
Recent Drug-Repurposing-Driven Advances in the Discovery of Novel Antibiotics
Authors: Konreddy Ananda Kumar , Rani Grandhe Usha , Lee Kyeong , Choi Yongseok
Published: July 2018

:

Drug repurposing is a safe and successful pathway to speed up the novel drug discovery and development processes compared with de novo drug discovery approaches. Drug repurposing uses FDA-approved drugs and drugs that failed in clinical trials, which have detailed information on potential toxicity, formulation, and pharmacology. Technical advancements in the informatics, genomics, and biological sciences account for the major success of drug repurposing in identifying secondary indications of existing drugs. Drug repurposing is playing a vital role in filling the gap in the discovery of potential antibiotics. Bacterial infections emerged as an ever-increasing global public health threat by dint of multidrug resistance to existing drugs. This raises the urgent need of development of new antibiotics that can effectively fight multidrug-resistant bacterial infections (MDRBIs). The present review describes the key role of drug repurposing in the development of antibiotics during 2016–2017 and of the details of recently FDA-approved antibiotics, pipeline antibiotics, and antibacterial properties of various FDA-approved drugs of anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-hyperlipidemia, antiinflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, genetic disorder, immune modulator, etc. Further, in view of combination therapies with the existing antibiotics, their potential for new implications for MDRBIs is discussed. The current review may provide essential data for the development of quick, safe, effective, and novel antibiotics for current needs and suggest acuity in its effective implications for inhibiting MDRBIs by repurposing existing drugs.
Porous Inorganic and Hybrid Systems for Drug Delivery: Future Promise in Combatting Drug Resistance and Translation to Botanical Applications
Authors: Guo Junling , Mattos Bruno D. , Tardy Blaise L. , Moody Vanessa M. , Xiao Gao , Ejima Hirotaka , Cui Jiwei , Liang Kang , Richardson Joseph J.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Porous micro- and nanoparticles have the capacity to encapsulate a
large quantity of therapeutics, making them promising delivery vehicles for a variety of applications.
This review aims to highlight the latest development of inorganic and hybrid (inorganic/
organic) particles for drug delivery with an additional emphasis on combatting drug resistant
cancer. We go one step further and discuss delivery applications beyond medicinal
delivery, as there is generally a translation from medicinal delivery to botanic delivery after a
short lag time.

Methods:

We undertook a search of relevant peer-reviewed publications. The quality of the
relevant papers was appraised using standard tools. The characteristics of the papers are described
herein, and the relevant material and therapeutic properties are discussed.

Results:

We discuss 4 classes of porous particles in terms of drug delivery and theranostics.
We specifically focus on silica, calcium carbonate, metal-phenolic network, and metalorganic
framework particles. Other relevant biomedically relevant applications are discussed
and we highlight outstanding therapeutic results in the relevant literature.

Conclusion:

The findings of this review confirm the importance of studying and utilizing porous
particles for therapeutic delivery. Moreover, we show that the properties of porous particles
that make them promising for medicinal drug delivery also make them promising candidates
for agro-industrial applications.
Suicide on Facebook-the Tale of an Unnoticed Departure in Bangladesh. (Preprint)
Authors: Rashid Soron Tanjir
Published: July 2018

UNSTRUCTURED

Facebook has transformed the concept of our traditional communication and emerged as a new medium for suicide communication. However, a number of social and health related problems deserve attention as its popularity increases rapidly over time. In this case, I report the suicide of a female model in Bangladesh who completed her suicide after posting a series of statements on her Facebook. These posts were visible to her a quarter million of Facebook friends and followers. However, none of them took any serious step to prevent the suicide rather they provoked her to complete the suicide. This reluctant attitude of this large number of followers deserve exploration and notification because a number of researchers are considering Facebook as an effective platform to prevent suicide and provide prevention. Moreover, this is the first reported case of suicide of a controversial celebrity from South East Asia. People may have a different attitude to a suicide post related response in different sociocultural.
Reconocimiento taxonómico de dos hojas y una flor, incluidos en el ámbar del Mioceno de Chiapas, México
Authors: Castañeda-Posadas Carlos , Hernández-Hernández María De Jesús , Figueroa-Castro Dulce María , Pérez-Pérez Rosa Emilia , Ruiz-Jiménez Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2018

En el presente trabajo se muestran resultados de la identificación de cinco fósiles vegetales incluidos en ámbar de Simojovel, Chiapas. Las estructuras estudiadas corresponden a dos flores pertenecientes a la Familia Arecaceae; a dos hojas compuestas (foliolos) pertenecientes a la Familia Fabaceae y una hoja aislada perteneciente a la Familia Myrtaceae. La identificación y descripción de este tipo de estructuras fortalece el registro existente de la distribución de esas familias vegetales para el Mioceno en Chiapas. Este estudio contribuye a ampliar el conocimiento de la diversidad de restos vegetales incluidos en el ámbar de Chiapas.
Perfil de polifenoles, capacidad antioxidante y efecto citotóxico in vitro en líneas celulares humanas de un extracto hidroalcohólico de pétalos de Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: Hernández-Rosas Nancy Aline , García-Zebadúa Julio César , Hernández-Delgado Natalia , Torres-Castillo Sergio , Figueroa-Arredondo Paula , Mora-Escobedo Rosalva
Published: July 2018

Se evaluó el extracto hidroalcohólico de los pétalos de Calendula officinalis, mostrando  efectos benéficos contra el estrés oxidativo y enfermedades asociadas a procesos inflamatorios. El contenido de polifenoles del extracto fue determinado por TLC y HPLC-UV-DAD y la capacidad antioxidante se estimó del poder reductor de Fe3+/Fe2+, quelación de Cu2+ y Fe2+, eliminación de radicales •OH, y ensayos ABTS [2, 2´-azino-bis (3 etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfónico)  y DPPH (2,2´difenil-1-picrilhidracilo). La inhibición del crecimiento in vitro (IC50) en células cancerosas humanas de mama (MDA-MB-231), de cuello uterino (HeLa), pulmón (A-549),  ycolon (HT-29 y Caco-2),fue determinado por el método de MTT.El  extracto mostró  que el contenido total de polifenoles fue de 37.01±0.015 mg GAe g-1, siendo la rutina la más abundante. Las pruebas ABTS TEAC y DPPH TEAC mostraron una alta capacidad antioxidante. El perfil de actividad antioxidante mostró  buena capacidad reductora y capacidad para quelar Cu2+  y Fe2+, así como una buena capacidad de eliminación de radicales •OH. El extracto también mostró efecto citotóxico en células de  colon (HT-29 y Caco-2), de mama (MDA-MB-231), de cuello uterino (HeLa) y pulmón (A-549) (IC50 = 10.84, 11.73, 11.26, 11.53 y 11.96 μg mL-1, respectivamente). El análisis de correlación sugiere que los polifenoles de Calendula officinalis están directamente relacionados con la capacidad antioxidante del extracto y se asocian inversamente con la viabilidad celular.
Accommodation of Interests of the State, Business and Civil Society in Environmental Projects Implemented Through Public Private Partnership in the Russian Federation
Authors: Margolin Andrey , Krasnoshchekov Valentin
Published: July 2018

Environmental projects have a number of distinctive features, among them an increased capital/output ratio, relatively high risks, lengthy payback periods, and outcomes that are hard to evaluate using financial indicators. Public private partnership (PPP) appears to be a viable approach for the implementation of such projects; however, existing mechanisms for the accommodation of long-term interest of the state, business and civil society are inadequate to ensure their success. In this context, the author presents an algorithm of multi-criteria analysis to evaluate the social efficiency of PPP-based environmental projects, which takes into account the impact of both financial and non-financial outcomes and includes crowdsourcing public opinion into the final decision-making process. Special priority is given to the assessment of multiplicative effects, as their role and impact on the feasibility of investment are often underestimated. The author’s conclusions and recommendations are illustrated using the case study of a construction project for a municipal solid waste processing facility.
Carbon Emissions Embodied in Russia’s Trade: Implications for Climate Policy1
Authors: Makarov Igor , Sokolova Anna
Published: July 2018

According to the current international climate change regime, countries are responsible for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that result from economic activities within their national borders, including emissions from producing goods for export. At the same time, imports of carbon-intensive goods are not addressed by international agreements, including the Paris Agreement that was adopted in 2015. This paper examines emissions embodied in Russia’s exports and imports based on the results of an input-output analysis. Russia is the second largest exporter of emissions embodied in trade and the large portion of these emissions is directed to developed countries. Because of the large amount of net exports of carbon-intensive goods, the current approach to emissions accounting does not suit Russia’s interests. On the one hand, Russia, as well as other large net emissions exporters, is interested in the revision of allocation of responsibility between exporters and importers of carbon-intensive products. On the other hand, both the commodity exports structure and relatively carbon inefficient technologies make Russia vulnerable to the policy of “carbon protectionism,” which can be implemented by its trade partners.
Convergence toward the European Social Model? Impact of EU accession on Polish social policy
Authors: Wiśniewski Jakub
Published: July 2018

In order to join the European Union (EU) Poland had to meet a wide range of conditions including adoption of acquis communautaire, significant administrative reforms and economic restructuring. This article deals with all these EU-membership commitments which directly influenced the Polish social policy, spanning such areas as free movement of persons (mainly workers), labour law, social dialogue, labour market and social inclusion policies and pensions. These changes - even if incremental and evolutionary - made the Polish welfare state more compatible with the European Social Model. Judging from the experience of Poland, the European Social Model (ESM) is far from vague and meaningless ideology. The ESM has had a significant impact on national social policies which is discernible at four general levels: values and general rules, which engender a welfare state philosophy shared by all Member States; Community-enforced social minimum standards; European-level institutional co-operative procedures; and monetary transfers in the framework of cohesion policy. The impact of the EU is visible to a varying degree – ranging from substantial in the peripheral areas such as gender equality or health and safety at work to purely theoretical in fiscal and monetary matters. The Polish welfare state has been heavily influenced by practical day-to-day administrative and institutional co-operation of Poland with the UE.
Effective Competition and EU Competition Law
Authors: Baskoy Tuna
Published: July 2018

The notion of workable or effective competition is at the centre of EU competition law and policy, as it strives to achieve and maintain it. Some scholars do not mention it at all. Those who refer to it either do not explain it in any way or explicate it very shortly. In fact, the concept is too important to be ignored totally or elucidated briefly. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the concept by focusing on the theory of workable or effective competition. It is argued that effective competition is the key for an in-depth study of the political economy (i.e. real policy goals, economic rationale behind individual competition rules, institutional requirements, and implications for distribution of wealth) of EU competition law and policy.
Externalities of the EU Immigration and Asylum Policy: The Case of Ukraine
Authors: Zhyznomirska Lyubov
Published: July 2018

Since the 1990s, the EU has been gradually transferring to neighbouring countries parts of the burden of securing its internal order from illegal migrants, terrorists, criminal groups and other “threats.” It has done so using policy transfers and foreign relations mechanisms. The European Union, seeking to create an “area of freedom, security, and justice” in the region, exports the burden of migration management to its neighbouring countries and thus creates security threats – if not real then perceived – for these countries. The case of Ukraine demonstrates that EU policies of shifting the burden of international migration management to its neighbours can destabilize the societal security of countries that lack the experience and instruments to effectively deal with migration. Rather than shifting the burden of responsibility to the neighbouring states, the EU should prioritize co-operation and assistance to expand the area of freedom, justice and security on the European continent.
The Politics of Immigration: a new electoral dilemma for the right and the left?
Authors: Zaslove Andrej
Published: July 2018

The success of radical right, anti-immigrant political parties and the recent riots in France are only two of the more publicized examples of how volatile the issue of immigration has become across Western Europe. It is often believed that the dichotomy between racism and anti-racism is quite clear. Right-wing and center-right parties and their electoral constituencies are less accepting of immigrants, while center-left and left-wing political parties and their supporters are more accommodating. In this paper, however, I argue that this distinction is not as clear as it is often perceived. Using Italy as my case study, I outline the various ideological positions on the left and the right, and within the left and right, vis-à-vis immigration legislation and important related issues such as integration and multiculturalism. In the second section, I then examine how these ideological positions respond to the realities of immigration and to new pressures from voters within civil society. The question is whether immigration has created a new electoral dilemma for both sides of the political spectrum. I examine whether: 1) left-wing parties are experiencing pressures from their traditional working class constituencies to be tougher on immigration and issues of law-and-order. How does this mesh with more liberal attitudes regarding policies that permit immigrants to enter, find work, and integrate into society? 2) The question is whether right-wing political forces are also experiencing an electoral dilemma between center-right voters who support less liberal immigrant legislation and their traditional business constituency who support center-right economic policy but also realize that they require immigrant labour. In the conclusion, I, briefly, examine whether this new electoral dilemma experienced by the Italian left and right is consistent with other West European countries such as Germany, Austria, Demark, the United Kingdom, and France.
Marginal Stories? The Perspectives on Citizenship of Multiple Citizens and Multicultural Persons of Estonia
Authors: Kalev Leif , Ruutsoo Rein
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on practices of citizenship in Estonia by persons with multiple citizenship or multicultural background. In the previous stages of research on this topic primary attention was paid to national citizenship, multiple citizenship and European Union citizenship as institutions, as well as the role of citizenship in the construction of European space. Expected "configurations" of multiple citizenship as articulated in Marshallian (1992) terms, as well as linkages between different spaces of membership (national and not-national) of citizenship as perceived by the national decision makers, mapped both avenues and bottleneck s for the future. Our research raises questions and problems related to citizenship as both an essential tool of nation building and of EU integration (cf. Ruutsoo and Kal ev 2006, Ruutsoo and Kalev forthcoming).
Propaganda Instruments in Contemporary Campaigns: Comparison of Estonian Political Television Advertisements and Modern Television Commercials
Authors: Uudelepp Agu
Published: July 2018

The author argues in the present article that although propaganda is considered mostly a tool of ideological communication suitable for use during wars or in totalitarian states, it is still used in contemporary democratic societies at peacetime and there are no major differences between employing instruments of propaganda in the public or the private sectors. The present analysis is based on the similarities and differences between Estonian political television advertisements and modern television commercials with an emphasis on the application of propaganda instruments. The author employed content analysis when studying the sample in which were 100 non-political and 84 political advertisements. This research shows that Estonian political television advertisements and international non-political television advertisements share some significant similarities: cognitive propaganda instruments are more widely employed than social ortechnological ones. The role oftechnological propaganda instruments is diminishing and such instruments are replaced by structural ones. A major difference is that, on average, there are more propaganda instruments per advertisement in political television advertisements than in non-political television advertisements, and technological propaganda instruments are not employed in non-political television advertisements.
Aid Suspensions as Coercive Tools? The European Union’s Experience in the AfricanCaribbean-Pacific (ACP) Context
Authors: Portela Clara
Published: July 2018

Since the signing of the Cotonou Agreement in 2000, the European Union (EU) has suspended development aid towards a number of African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries in response to breaches of Human Rights and democratic principles by activating the so-called Human Rights clause (article 96). The present article analyses the use by the EU of aid suspensions as political tools and their efficacy in achieving the desired policy goals, in an attempt to identify and explain the determinants leading to the success of these measures. The investigation finds that the use of development aid suspensions is frequently effective. Classical sanctions theory appears to account largely for their success, given that most targets display a significant degree of dependence on the EU as a donor or a trading partner. However, and without refuting the explanatory power of that approach, a closer look at this practice unveils a number of factors that contribute to facilitate success. One of them is the selective use of the tool: suspensions are applied predominantly in cases of interruptions of the democratic process, while they are rarely used in situations of violent conflict. The specificities of the consultations mechanism, and especially the attitude of ACP neighbouring countries- often openly supportive-, largely determine the final outcome.
The European Security and Defence Policy: Defining the European Union as a Rational Actor in International Security
Authors: Castillo Juan-Camilo
Published: July 2018

The main objective of this article is to analyze how the European Union, through its Security and Defence Policy, has become a rational actor in international security matters since the end of the Cold War. It will analyze the close relation that exists between European integration and the notion of continental collective security. Also the new post-Cold War concerns that present a potential risk to the EU are going to be examined, and consequently how they affect the rationality of this institution as an actor. Finally the last section will explore the divergence between Europe and America in matters of security and the way this political drift may create a situation in which NATO can become irrelevant in regards of European defence.
Rethinking the ‘Problem’ of Religious Pluralism in Canada and the European Union
Authors: Morrison Ian
Published: July 2018

In recent years the nature of secularism and the rights of religious minorities have come to the fore as issues in debates concerning citizenship, multiculturalism and immigration, both in Canada and the European Union. Unlike earlier campaigns of secularization, these recent discourses of secularisation concern not only the institutional separation of Church and State but seek to protect modern secular society from the perceived threat of various externally rooted religious threats through the secularisation of subjects within public spaces. In an attempt to more fully understand this new form of secularisation, the consequences it has had and the debates it has generated in both Canada and the EU, the proposed paper will proceed on four fronts. First, it will outline the earlier discourses and practices of secularisation. Second, the article will posit that we are presently witnessing a different discourse of secularisation, one that is distinct from this earlier form. Third, the article will offer a critique of both discourses, arguing that both involve the deployment of essentialised conceptions of the religious, the secular, and their interaction. Fourth, an alternative approach will be offered, one that seeks to denaturalise the aforementioned categories. The article argues that it is only in this manner that a space and possibility for genuine dialogue concerning secularism and religious pluralism in Canada and the EU can be created.
‘Making the Margins of Europe’: Marginalization, Europeanization and Islam in the contest for Public Space.
Authors: Young Jason R
Published: July 2018

This article intervenes into the debate around European identity, political Islam, and Turkey’s potential accession to the European Union through treating Samuel Huntington’s “Clash of Civilizations” as a bordering discourse. The article argues that the ‘clash thesis’ highlights uncertainty around cultural change in Europe as well as a tension within European Integration itself between the Nation as State and the Nation as political and cultural identity. Discourses which position specific groups as being unEuropean, or less European can be linked to the shifting meaning of Europe in light of political and economic integration and its affects on the Nation as titular owner of the State. The article argues that the debate around the compatibility of Islam and Europe and therefore, also the debate around Turkey’s accession to the European Union must be situated within the context of boundary formations driven by im/migration to Europe and within Europe and the rise in public visibility and assertiveness by second and third generation Islamic communities, thereby moving the debate beyond the Self /Other dichotomy upon which the ‘clash thesis’ functions by understanding the boundaries of Europe as negotiable and culturally situated within a publicly mediated discourse about ‘Europe’.
The Success of France’s Youth: Children of Algerian Descent in the Classroom
Authors: Boyd Marisa
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this exploratory research is to elucidate the connection between the institution of the French educational system and its function as a vehicle of integration for the children of immigrants. Focusing on those of Algerian descent, this paper asks if and how the educational system is failing this particular demographic. By contextualising colonial France in Algeria, this paper shows the connection between history and the educational institution as it relates to contemporary French culture. This paper argues that the French educational system, although well established, does not recognise nor meet the needs of the multi-ethnic classroom. By identifying integration as a key player, this paper explores the relationships between citizenship and integration and how perceptions of both concepts are produced and reproduced in the school system. This paper notes the need for a shift in the current discourse for the “second generation” from one of “immigrants and immigration” to a more precise discourse on ethnic minorities.
Mental Models and the Europe 2020 Strategy: Neo-schumpetarian Ideas in Innovation and Education
Authors: King Conrad
Published: July 2018

This article asks how ideas have mattered for the establishment of policy goals for the Europe 2020 Strategy. I argue that despite the specification of new environmental and social targets, the overall policy goals of Europe 2020 remain consistent with the 2000 Lisbon Agenda because the European Council and the European Commission have had resilient causal beliefs about the challenges of globalization, as well as the appropriate responses to these challenges. Using Alan Jacobs's theory of mental models and attention heuristics, this article describes the connection between neo-schumpetarian ideas and the policy outcomes of Europe 2020, particularly in the domains of innovation and education policy. Establishing this connection is an essential first step to explain precisely how ideas can determine and maintain the policy preferences of particular EU actors, a direction for future research.