bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Art and place. Spatial patterns of urban art and their contribution to urban regeneration
Authors: Guerrero Balarezo Maria Laura , Karimi Kayvan
Published: July 2018

Cities face several challenges regarding public space and urban regeneration. Some of them are the depersonalization and lack of interest of citizens in their own city, privatization, gentrification, technologization and gender-insecurity. Public spaces lose their character as articulator and generator of human relations, while neighborhoods lose their role as the basic unity of community and urban identity. Nowadays, many bottom-up strategies have arisen as expressions of neighborhood’s inhabitant’s will, producing cultural diversity and civic engagement, with a placemaking effect. Urban art is one of them. Social and economic products of urban art have been studied, but the spatial manifestation and impact have been largely absent from the discourse of urban morphology. Spatial conditions are representational of social practices like art, by structuring patterns of movement, encounter and separation in the city (Cartiere & Zebracki, 2016). This study aims to discover the spatial relation between urban art displays and the network of public spaces, and whether this pattern has a role in neighborhood regeneration. To identify these relations in Shoreditch, London, Space Syntax analysis and spatial clustering were used, combined with a survey of geographically located public urban art (extracted from social networks data). Also, the spatial patterns of land prices and land uses from 1995 to 2016 were examined. Research showed that various types of artwork have a strong relation with certain spatial network characteristics and visibility of locations from each other. Economic and use outcomes were also related to the development of the art pattern through the years.
Reading Nablus’ urban print: towards an understanding of its morphology
Authors: Taher Muath Muhammad Basher , Correia Jorge
Published: July 2018

Nablus old center stands as a typical Arab city with a relevant geographical location. Successive historical periods distinguish its history - from Canaanite to Roman, Byzantine, Islamic, Crusader or Ottoman - till nowadays. This cultural diversity has layered chronological strata on its urban fabric. Therefore, diverse historical characteristics reflected in the city’s urban morphology have undergone continued physical and functional transformations, not only gradually by time and various socio-cultural, economic or political factors, but also radically by earthquakes and war destructions. Present-day Nablus’ physical image echoes a palimpsest of urban/social identities and an asset for a very sensitive collective memory. This paper examines the formation, evolution and constitution of the old city of Nablus by a retrospective analysis that searches the morphological momentum for each phase in articulation with a reflection around its historical meaning for the city. Methodologically, this study is conducted on both urban and architectural levels, surveying street hierarchy and plot distribution. This understanding will be extremely important for an accurate perception of this tissue in order to advocate for a concerned idea of the city’s reconstruction, following recent urban annihilations. At a time when urban rehabilitation pushes plans for quick and immediate results, reading Nablus’ urban morphology can work as the lacking tool for an instructed and operative regeneration.
Linear parks understood as vertebration instruments of the city
Authors: Bosch Reig Ignacio , Bosch Roig Luis , Marcenac Valeria , Salvador Luján Nuria
Published: July 2018

This research raises as thesis the idea that Linear Park is an urban instrument capable of vertebrate the city and, consequently, of regenerate it. To this end, ten parks strategically located in big cities such as Rio de Janeiro, London, Paris, Madrid, Barcelona, ​​or in medium or small cities such as Valencia, Castellón or Figueres, have been analyzed. Of this analysis we have deduced some characteristics that are considered key in the linear and transversal vertebration of the city, such as: - Green axis-corridor approach - Sequence of events with integration of public buildings - Continuity derived from the union of different areas - Promotion of active leisure activities, individual or collective: sports, cultural, .... - Capability of relation and regeneration of ecosystems: forest, meadow, orchard, nurseries, water, city, .... - Capability to restore environment, with reduction in CO2, in noise pollution, ... - Establish relations between the city and the territory with definition of natural parks - Contribute to prevent thermal inversion in the city - Establish a beginning and an end as recognizable elements in city. - Confrontation of opposites: static or dynamic; soft (green) or hard (pavement); unitary or fragmentary, cartesian or organic, ... The parks thus understood can be organized in diverse typologies, such us: classic order; in net; upholstery-continuos map;  linear order with grooves, tapes or bands;  landscaper and naturalist; ... ..   The work delves into these themes by recognizing tools of interest such as: harmonic relationship; human scale; non-guided tours; sensory experimentation: spaces, sights, aromas, sounds, colorful, ...; unexpected and random; pragmatic and passionate; order within disorder; activation of spaces without hierarchies or apriorisms; flee from monotony; evocations; ...   KEY WORDS: linear park, green corridor, city vertebrador, urban regeneration, sensorial experimentation, harmonious relationship, ...   REFERENCES: Referred to the following urban parks: Paseo de Copacabana, 1979 Burle Max; La Vilette project 1975, León Krier; La Vilette 1981-87, Bernard Tschumi; Turia Park, 1981, Ricardo Bofill; Botanic Garden, Barcelona, ​​2002, Carlos Ferrater; Thames Barrier Park, London, 2000, Signes Group; Garden of the senses, Castellón, Del Rey-Magro; Park of the Manzanares, Madrid, Burgos-Garrido; Les Aigües Park, Figueres, Oliac-Batle; Parque Cabecera, Valencia, De Miguel-Corell-Muñoz
Topological analysis of contemporary morphologies under conflict: The urban transformation of Dobrinja in Sarajevo and the Central District of Beirut
Authors: Aquilué Inés , Roca Estanislao , Ruiz Javier
Published: July 2018

Regarding topological interpretation of space, this research aims to identify urban morphologies, whose topology becomes increasingly determining under high uncertainty. This topological approach has been applied in an evolutionary analysis of urban spaces under siege, fear and conflict, which conducted to the construction of a specific method. This method analyses the transformation of urban areas in five consecutive phases: urban form [1], increase of uncertainty [2], application of the apparatus [3], change in urban form [4], information flows [5]. These five phases were applied to different empirical studies, analysed through specific morphological and topological models. In the light of this method, two selected urban morphologies Dobrinja –a suburb in Sarajevo– and the Beirut Central District have been examined. The urban morphology of both areas was dramatically transformed after both civil conflicts –the Bosnian War and the Lebanese Civil War–. Dobrinja suffered severe modifications, first provoked by the violence of the siege during the Bosnian War [1992-1995], and then by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line as a result of the Dayton Peace Agreement [December 1995], which divided the neighbourhood and caused serious alterations in its ethno-demographic and spatial structure. The Beirut Central District was first destroyed by the violence experienced in the Lebanese Civil War [1975-1990] and then by the process of subsequent reconstruction [since 1992], which led to a simplification of its structure. The two morphological and topological analyses enable us to determine the initial causes and their spatial consequences in both urban areas, regarding their conflict and post-conflict stage.
Study for a new definition of the southern side of Prato della Valle in Padua, Italy
Authors: Pietrogrande Enrico , Dalla Caneva Alessandro
Published: July 2018

The southern limit of thePrato della Valle space in the southern part of Padua's historical centre, inItaly, was continuously delimited by the boundary wall of the Santa Maria dellaMisericordia convent until the early twentieth century. Its presence was one ofthe elements that more than a century ago inspired the enlightened proposal byDomenico Cerato, a design professor at the University of Padua who had beeninspired by Andrea Memmo, the Superintendent of the Serenissima Republic ofVenice. The straight and continuous limit was replaced by the discontinuousarchitecture of the Foro Boario entrance, built in 1913 according to a designby Alessandro Peretti; this weakened the overall solution based on anelliptical shape, as did the communicative power of the nearby basilica ofSanta Giustina. The examination carried out dwells on these limits, simulatingthe virtual introduction of architecture with a continuous front to thesouthern edge of the Prato della Valle. One example of this type ofarchitecture is the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art built in Kansas City between1930 and 1933, based on a design by the brothers Thomas and William Wight, andexpanded in 1999 based on a design by Steven Hall. The study generallyconfirmed that the compactness of the building's front newly provides strengthto Cerato's design, which gave a sense of unity to the general emptiness thanksto the certainty of its borders, and gives again the Basilica of Santa Giustinaits monumental size. This paper investigates the composition ofheterogeneous fragments, excerpts from the inventory of collective memory, andthe resulting unpredictable architecture in an urban context.
Shape of cadastral plot and band of pertinence. Meaning for Architectural Design
Authors: Carlotti Paolo
Published: July 2018

Some our studies of urban morphology, implemented on historical and contemporary urban fabric maps, allow us to believe that the shape of the lot and of band of pertinence of a pathway are essential to reading the formative urban process. Different phases of formative process of an urban center seems, in fact, to be recognizable in the of shape of lot and interaction between lots and path. These morphological shapes (lots) are the result of different  centrality that are produced in the building fabric and, consequently, the restructuring pathways are important for understanding rules and causes of urban and architectural transformation of the city. This paper aims to offer a contribution to the definition of the elements of urban morphology. This research, part of a series of research, carried out in the Lab. Lettura e Progetto dell’Architettura  of the  Faculty of Roma (Sapienza), tries to be implemented in some case studies:  Murcia and San Mateu.   References Merlin P. (1988) Morphologie urbaine at parcellaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifiques, Saint Denis. Larkham P.J., Conzen M.P.,(ed) (2014) Shapers of Urban Form. Explorations in Morphological agency,  Routledge, London. Strappa G, Carlotti P., Camiz A. (2016), Urban Morphology an Historical Fabrics. Contemporary design of small town in Latium, Gangemi editore, Roma
Resistance & Permanence of Green Urban Systems in the Globalization Age
Authors: Occhiuto Rita
Published: July 2018

Rita Occhiuto Faculté d’Architecture. Université de Liège, ULG. 1, Rue Courtois 4000 Liège (BE) Tél. +3242217900   e-mail : r.occhiuto@ulg.ac.be Keywords: public space, park system, green and water infrastructure, morphological green writings, landscape memory The rapid transformation and the trivialization of landscapes in Wallonia (BE), require reformulating tools and objectives of morphological studies. Built fabrics and landscapes show the effects of abandoning or losing interest in the interrelations between natural and human actions. This contribution focuses on studies of cities and territories that have ceased to be the object of spatial policies attentive to the relationship between the need to live, maintain or care for green or natural spaces. After the systematic reduction of urban environments to simple green covers, morphological reading allows the recognition of traces of park systems or green infrastructures, whose communities often do not remember. The research's focus has shifted from the building to the green space structure. This displacement of interest makes it possible to find commons cultures that have acted on the territory of Liège (industrial city) on the one hand, through the building’s extension and on the other hand, through the project of forests, walks, squares, parks and public gardens. Now, these fragmented places become the main resource for reorganizing natural and human systems in order to offer new - social and spatial - coherence for tomorrow. Thus the historical green systems become a strong structuring link which serves to seek new dialectics of balance between existing fabrics and green systems. This system’s regeneration stands, on the one hand, to the hybridization of materials - water, green and buildings - and, on the other hand, to the physical and mental memory of the inhabited environments that populations keep. Green systems impose themselves as powerful vectors for the construction of new socio-spatial balances of cities and territories of globalization, as in the study case for the landscape systems in Liège and for the water and landscapes infrastructure in Chaudfontaine.References Foxley, A. (2010), Distance & engagement. Walking, thinking and making landscape. Vogt landscape architects, Lars Müller Publishers Cronon,W., Coll., Uncommon ground. Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. W.W.Norton & Company New York/London McHarg, I.(1969), Design with Nature, 1th, New York Spirn, A.W. (1994), The granite garden. Urban Nature and Human Design, ed. Basic Book Ravagnati, C. (2012), L’invenzione del Territorio. L’atlante inedito di Saverio Muratori, ed. Franco Angeli, Milano
Hermeneutics and principles of quality in urban morphology
Authors: Baró Zarzo José Luis , Poyatos Sebastián Javier
Published: July 2018

It is common to ascertain the loss of quality in the urban form during the 20th and 21st centuries, especially in the current globalization scenario, and in comparison to the previous centuries. Relevant authors of the cultural and artistic critique such as Erwin Panofsky, Ernst Gombrich or Enrique Lafuente Ferrari have defended the identification of the quality in the works of creation as the fundamental objective of the critique. Due to this, the research and identification of the quality features in the urban form are pertinent in order to have useful instruments to correct this contemporary cultural loss. It is therefore proposed the identification of quality principles of urban form from a hermeneutic point of view. That is to say, each of these principles as capable of opening a certain horizon of comprehension of a specific perspective of quality. For example, we can aim at: beauty, scale, amenity, grace, order, etc. Each principle, offers then a horizon of understanding and also of urban creativity that assembles into this work from the analysis of operative subprinciples and their verification on specific expressive cases of urban form, in both, historical and current aspects. The principles in turn can intertwine offering cumulative and transverse quality options. Therefore, what is sought, is to offer a pertinent and structured hermeneutical tool for the analysis of urban form in its values of quality and excellence.
Changes in quadriceps muscle girth after anterior cruciate ligament injury followed by electrostimulation combined with high protein diet and exercises (ARPwave method)
Authors: Dziuba-Słonina Alicja , Rywacka Aleksandra , Kołodziej Małgorzata
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) ARPwave in patients after knee joint injury.

Methods

The study involved 96 participants (66 men and 30 women). The ARPwave treatment consisted of 10 sessions of NMES combined with isometric and dynamic exercises and high protein diet. The girth of the left and right thigh was measured with an anthropometric measuring tape before and after the ARPwave therapy. Statistical analysis was carried out with the Statistca 12.5 software package.

Results

The differences observed between the results obtained for both limbs were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and did not depend on the type of injury or the applied rehabilitation (p > 0.05). However, significant differences in thigh girth were noted between sexes in the first and second measurement. The changes did not correlate with the sexes and were similar for both groups.

Conclusions

The results of the second measurement were significantly higher for all the variables. The mean changes were positive, which may indicate improvement of the patients’ condition.
Five Decades of Marine Archaeology in Israel
Authors: Galili Ehud , Oron Asaf , Cvikel Deborah
Published: July 2018

The history of maritime archaeology in Israel began in the 1950s. This article summarizes the emergence of the discipline and its evolution, the main institutions involved, the physical conditions and their influence on the nature of ancient maritime activity, the nature of the sites, site formation, post-deposition processes, and the associated methodologies of underwater archaeological research. The typology of sites and significant finds that have been studied are briefly reviewed. These range from submerged Neolithic settlements inundated by the post-glacial rising sea level, harbors, anchorages, shipwrecks, and cargoes up to World War II.
Seasonal Abundance of Fecal Indicators and Opportunistic Pathogens in Roof-Harvested Rainwater Tanks
Authors: Ahmed W. , Hamilton K. A. , Toze S. , Haas C. N.
Published: July 2018

Here we provide seasonal data on the concentrations of total coliform, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. and six opportunistic pathogens (Acanthamoeba spp., Legionella spp., Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) of public health significance in 24 tank water samples over six monthly sampling events from August 2015 to March 2006. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were chosen for the quantification of six opportunistic pathogens and culture-based methods were used for the enumeration of fecal indicators. The data fle has been stored in a publicly available repository. The data on concentrations of opportunistic pathogens in RHRW will provide information for rainwater users regarding potential seasonality of risks. Quantitative data presented in this study can be used to perform quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of RHRW for various potable and nonpotable uses. Data can be used by health regulators to develop guidelines related to RHRW.  Funding statement: This research was undertaken and funded as part of a Fulbright-CSIRO Postgraduate Scholarship sponsored by the CSIRO Land and Water Flagship.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Network and Communication Technologies Vol. 3, No. 1
Authors: Lee Bruce
Published: July 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Network and Communication Technologies Vol. 3, No. 1, 2018.
Democratische weerbaarheid vanuit radicale openheid
Authors: Tempelman Saskia
Published: July 2018

Implicit religion in extremism and counter-extremism

This article investigates the role of ‘implicit religion’ in extremism, including those forms that do not explicitly call upon formal religion. Extremist quasi-religious narratives expose an exclusionary logic, which is mirrored by radical ways of thinking about counter-extremism. This unfailingly leads to more polarization. Extremism can only be countered by radical openness. Resilient democracy requires that citizens, politicians and professionals are willing and able to maintain open hearts and minds. Implicit religion can support this. Spiritual counselors and scientists of religion need to support the creation of spiritual narratives and rituals that strengthen democratic resilience.
Islam en mensenrechten: gaat dat nog lukken?
Authors: Berger Maurits
Published: July 2018

Islam and human rights: can it work?

The question central to this article is whether ‘Islam’ and human rights are compatible and, if not, whether there might be room to come to a minimum standard of human rights that can be shared globally. This article will demonstrate that, from the perspective of Islamic orthodoxy, principles that are fundamental to human rights, like equality and freedom of religion, pose unsurmountable problems, and the adjustment of these principles is theologically nearly impossible. However, a growing number of Muslim intellectuals holds the opposite view, using new theological methods to argue that these Islamic principles and human rights are compatible. Although they are warmly welcomed by human rights lawyers and activists, their methods are not uncontroversial, and they are still very small in number.
Is a Normal Chest Radiograph Sufficient to Exclude Pulmonary Abnormalities Potentially Associated with Chronic Cough?
Authors: Truba Olga , Rybka Aleksandra , Klimowicz Karolina , Grabczak Elżbieta , Żukowska Małgorzata , Dąbrowska Marta , Krenke Rafał
Published: July 2018

Introduction: There are few original studies on the true role of normal chest radiograph (CXR) in exclusion of pulmonary conditions that may be associated with chronic cough. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess whether a plain CXR is a sufficient tool to exclude relevant pulmonary causes of chronic cough. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of chest computed tomography (CT) scans in non-smoking patients with chronic cough and normal CXR was performed. The percentage of individuals in whom chest CT revealed relevant abnormalities was compared with the percentage of patients with irrelevant findings or normal chest CT scans. The negative predictive value (NPV) of the CXR in diagnosing the causes of chronic cough was calculated as a proportion of true negative CXRs (normal CXR AND irrelevant CT findings OR normal CT scan) to all negative CXRs (all patients, who had both a CXR and CT scan). Results: The study group consisted of 59 adult patients with chronic cough, normal CXR and CT scan performed to diagnose the cause of chronic cough. In 21 patients (21/59, 35.6%), chest CT revealed abnormalities that were classified as relevant to chronic cough. The most frequent were: bronchiectasis (7/59, 11.9%), bronchial wall thickening (6/59, 10.2%) and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (5/59, 8.5%). The NPV of a CXR in diagnosing the causes of chronic cough was 64%. Conclusions: In conclusion, the NPV of CXR in diagnosing pulmonary causes of chronic cough is relatively low. Thus, plain CXR seems to be insufficient to exclude pulmonary diseases potentially associated with chronic cough.
Difficulties in the Treatment of Recurring Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Accompanying Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Janowiak Piotr , Siemińska Alicja , Porzezińska Maria , Smoleńska Żaneta , Suchanek Hanna , Jassem Ewa
Published: July 2018

Pulmonary embolism is the most common pulmonary manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS). However, PAPS may manifest in the respiratory system also due to non-thrombotic processes. In the following paper we present a case of PAPS-related diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Because of sparse literature and a lack of randomized controlled trials, there are currently no recommendations regarding the optimal choice of steroid-sparing agent in treating PAPS-related DAH. In our patient, treatment with cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil along with low dose prednisone was ineffective, partially because of infectious complications, whereas addition of monthly intravenous immunoglobulin to mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone, appears to control the disease.
MULTISENSORS FOR WHOLE-CELL ANALYTICS
Authors: Tobehn-Steinhäuser Ingo , Günther Margarita , Görlandt Stefan , Herbst Steffen , Wünscher Heike , Ortlepp Thomas , Gerlach Gerald
Published: July 2018

Whole-cell biosensors, which can be used in the environmental protection and process measuring technology, in the biotechnology, food and pharmaceutical industry for the on-line control and monitoring of chemical and biochemical processes and for the fast detection of small amounts of solutes, are of great interest. These kind of biosensors comprise microorganisms like genetically modified yeast cells, which react on a specific stimulus, e.g. a residual amount of drugs in the measurement medium with a dependent fluorescence. The receptors of the cells detect specific signal molecules and stimulate the organism to produce a fluorescent protein. In this work, a combined impedimetric-optical read out was used, which can provide the reliable and long-term stable detection of a fluorescence signal accompanied by impedance measurements monitoring cell vitality and activity. A new challenge thereby is a special sensor design which enables the integration of excitation source, photodetector, interdigitated electrodes, and the fluidic system with an effective and long-term-stable packaging.
A COMPARISON STUDY OF THE FEATURES OF DC/DC SYSTEMS WITH SI IGBT AND SIC MOSFET TRANSISTORS
Authors: Fatyga Karol , Kwaśny Łukasz , Stefańczak Bartłomiej
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a comparison of the efficiency of two bidirectional DC/DC converters based on dual H-bridge topology. Tested converters were built using Si-based IGBT transistors and SiC-based MOSFETs. The results of the research are efficiency characteristics, taken from tests at the frequency range of 10÷60 kHz. Analysis of the results points to a massive advantage of the SiC-based design over the Si-based one.
Selected genetic determinants of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma including of some genes for cell cycle control and DNA repair
Authors: Gołąbek Karolina , Gaździcka Jadwiga , Ostrowska Zofia
Published: July 2018

The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which are located in different anatomical structures like: oral cavity, throat and larynx, are becoming a major clinical problem due to the ever increasing number of cases and also due to difficulty with treating patients. Among the risks factors associated with that group of cancers the exogenous factors such as: exposure to carcinogens in tobacco smoke, alcohol abuse, impropriety dietary habits, poor oral hygiene as well as infection with the human papillomavirus and infection with Epstein-Barr virus, are well-known and had been described. The second potential group of the risk factors are endogenous factors such as genetic predisposition and disorder immune system. Recently, in view of technical progress of molecular biology, the aim of researches became the polymorphisms the most of genes encoding proteins with a wide variety of functions. In the present study we comprehensively discussed the problems associated with the molecular basis of development the head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma. More specifically, this study investigated the single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations of genes involved in cell cycle control (TP53, p73, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, MDM2, E2F1, E2F2 and EGFR) and in different pathways of DNA repair (XPA, XPB, XPC, XPD, XPF, XPG, ERCC1, OGG1, XRCC1, NBS1, RAD51, BRCA2, XRCC2, XRCC3, XRCC5 and XRCC6). The results of studies indicate a mixed picture of genetic predisposition of the head and neck cancers. Nevertheless, it can be observed that a single polymorphism of specific gene moderately influence on the pathogenesis of that cancers. Commonly, coexistence of few polymorphism at the same time may increase the cancer risk significantly. It is undeniable that the issues discussed in that article should be the subject of further analysis.
Chronione grzyby porażające pomnikowe drzewa – konflikt gatunkowej i indywidualnej ochrony przyrody
Authors: Grzywacz Andrzej , Referowska- Chodak Ewa
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the taxonomic status of fungi and species abundance of fungi and fungus-like organisms occurring in Poland. It provides the history of species conservation and discusses the level of threat posed to fungi. Tree nature monuments with particular emphasis put on old trees, as well as fungal species under the strict and partial legal protection that may inhabit such trees have also been characterized. The paper describes an ideological conflict concerning nature conservation that may arise in connection with the infestation of protected monument trees by fungi also protected by law. Although there is no legal conflict as regards the elimination of protected fungal species from monument trees, the practice shows that it is difficult to obtain permission for such actions in regional directorates of environmental protection. This is (wrongly) explained by the lack of derogations from the destruction of some fungal species and their habitats.
Zastosowanie metod biologii molekularnej do identyfikacji grzybów zasiedlających martwe drewno sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus Sylvestris L.)
Authors: Behnke-Borowczyk Jolanta , Cichoń Justyna , Wołowska Daria , Hałuszczak Maciej , Baranowska-Wasilewska Marlena
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity of fungi, found in the dead wood of pine. The material for the study was divided into three individual stages of wood decomposition. The analysed wood samples were obtained from two areas in managed forest and protected area. Fungal communities were selected using a molecular method, which based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and sequenced by Sangar. The results have shown that the species composition of fungi communities was varied, depending on the stage of wood decomposition. The most numerous was phylum Ascomycota.
Komplementárne pôsobenie etického a právneho normatívneho systému
Authors: Mitaľ Ondrej
Published: July 2018

Zohľadňovanie etického aspektu praxe verejnej správy je dôležitou súčasťou správy veci verejných v demokratických spoločnostiach. Predkladaná štúdia sa pokúša obohatiť diskusiu týkajúcu sa významu etických noriem vo sfére verejnej správy. Súčasne štúdia skúma, za využitia deduktívno-induktívneho postupu, výhody a limity etických noriem ako regulátora správania sa zamestnancov verejnej správy v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky. Úvodná časť je venovaná najdiskutovanejším názorom, ktoré súvisia so skúmanou problematikou. Kľúčová časť štúdie upriamuje pozornosť na aktuálnu prax, pričom dôraz je kladený na etické normy prijaté v rámci štátnej správy a územnej samosprávy. Za hlavný prínos štúdie možno považovať zistenie, že etické normy môžu byť významným faktorom, prostredníctvom ktorého je možné ovplyvniť správanie sa zamestnancov a mali by byť využívané ako komplementárny a dodatočný regulátor popri platnej a účinnej legislatíve. Záver predkladanej štúdie obsahuje diskusiu zameranú na predpoklady a odporúčania súvisiace s potenciálnym kvalitatívnym zlepšením skúmanej problematiky.
Co skutečně přinesl nový zákon o státním občanství
Authors: Kandalec Pavel
Published: July 2018

Příspěvek představuje novou úpravu státního občanství České republiky podle zákona č. 186/2013 Sb. a srovnává ji s úpravou předcházející. Pokouší se přitom najít především odpověď na otázku, k jakým změnám reálně došlo v oblasti naturalizace.Tento příspěvek vznikl v rámci výzkumu Naturalizace v České republice (GA15-07626S), přičemž vychází z analýzy více než 1600 rozhodnutí o zamítnutí žádostí o udělení státního občanství České republiky vydaných Ministerstvem vnitra, příp. ministrem vnitra v letech 2013-2016. Analyzovaná rozhodnutí, představují téměř 100% všech negativních rozhodnutí vydaných ve sledovaném období.
Kam se poděly krátkodobé akční plány?
Authors: Jančářová Ilona , Vodička Jiří
Published: July 2018

Tento příspěvek se zabývá problémy, jež se týkají implementace koncepčních dokumentů v oblasti ochrany ovzduší. Pozornost je zaměřena na krátkodobé akční plány. Nejprve se příspěvek zabývá akčními plány z unijního pohledu, a to zejména s ohledem na jejich historický vývoj. Následně je analyzována směrnice 2008/50/ES o kvalitě vnějšího ovzduší, a to v souvislosti s povinností členských států přijmout krátkodobé akční plány. Druhá část tohoto příspěvku se zabývá relevantní národní legislativou. Předchozí zákon o ochraně ovzduší vyžadoval přijetí krátkodobých akčních plánů, zatímco současný zákon tuto povinnost neobsahuje. Autoři tohoto příspěvku se pokoušejí odpovědět na otázku, zda je česká legislativa v souladu s unijní, a to právě z důvodu absence krátkodobých akčních plánů. Bylo zjištěno, že směrnice 2008/50/ES obsahuje podmínky, za kterých mají členské státy povinnost přijmout krátkodobé akční plány. Tyto podmínky v České republice nenastaly, navíc zákon o ochraně ovzduší nabízí jiné právní nástroje, pomocí kterých lze regulovat nadměrné koncentrace částic PM10 přesahující limity stanovené unijním právem.
Enhanced Functionality Brings New Privacy and Security Issues – An Analysis of eID
Authors: Szádeczky Tamás
Published: July 2018

As compared with traditional paper-based versions and the standard username-password login to e-Government services, the new electronic identity and travel documents have made on-site electronic and on-line authentication of citizen more comfortable and secure.The biometric passport was introduced in Hungary in 2006. A decade later the electronic identity card (eID) was implemented. The reason for the improvement of such documents is twofold: enhancing security features and performing new functions. The development is certainly welcome, but it also generates new types of risks, with which governments and citizens must take into account.In this paper, I will first analyze the most widespread technologies of data storage cards from the passive elements to the chipcards, including the biometric passport. The objective is to provide an overview of the technical development as a background to my paper. I will then proceed to an analysis of the relevant EU and national legal background, data elements, data protection and the functions (ePASS, eID, eSIGN) of the new Hungarian and German identity card, as well as the security risks and protection properties of the eID-type documents. The paper concludes with a summary of the lessons learned from and the risks involved in the current solutions in Hungary and Germany.
Post-Gödelian Ontological Argumentation for God’s Existence
Authors: Brotherton Joshua R. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2018

The so-called ontological argument has a complex and controverted history, rising to particular prominence in contemporary analytic philosophy. Against this backdrop I will present a non-analytic interpretation of ontological argumentation for God’s existence by attempting to fuse Anselmian and Gödelian perspectives. I defend ontological argumentation in a number of slightly variant forms as neither a priori nor a posteriori, but ab actu exercito. Kantian and especially Thomistic critiques are confronted in the course of explaining how ontological argumentation may be logically valid without depending on or yielding to subjectivist epistemologies. Hence, post-Gödelian ontological argumentation ought to be acceptable to realists.
Intellectual Servility and Timidity
Authors: Tanesini Alessandra ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2018

Intellectual servility is a vice opposing proper pride about one’s intellectual achievements. Intellectual timidity is also a vice; it is manifested in a lack of proper concern for others’ esteem. This paper offers an account of the nature of these vices and details some of the epistemic harms that flow from them. I argue that servility, which is often the result of suffering humiliation, is a form of damaged self-esteem. It is underpinned by attitudes serving social-adjustive functions and causes ingratiating behaviors. Timidity, which is habituated through self-silencing, is underpinned by negative attitudes toward the intellectual worth of the self, which serve a defensive function. Like servility, timidity is an obstacle to the acquisition and transmission of knowledge and especially knowledge about oneself.
O processo de reconstrução do projeto político-pedagógico em uma escola pública estadual de Santa Maria - RS
Authors: Gaspari Jaqueline de , Meurer Ane Carine
Published: July 2018

Com esse artigo intencionamos sistematizar o estudo desenvolvido na pesquisa intitulada "Ensino Médio Público Estadual: a proposta da LDB e a efetivação do Projeto Político-Pedagógico das escolas da região central do município de Santa Maria", que aconteceram no decorrer do ano de 2007. Objetivamos compreender o processo de reconstrução do PPP da escola pesquisada e acompanhar quais segmentos participavam ativamente desse movimento de reconstrução. Buscamos referências em uma abordagem qualitativa de enfoque etnometodológico. Vivenciamos discussões que problematizaram o PPP, intencionando repensar os espaços-tempo da escola, onde o novo Projeto Político-Pedagógico retratasse a realidade da mesma. Acompanhar o cotidiano escolar possibilitou-nos enfatizar que todos os segmentos precisam envolver-se, participando democraticamente do processo de reconstrução do PPP, que nunca cessa, e que mesmo enfrentando dificuldades, está sempre em constante renovação.Palavras-chave: projeto político-pedagógico, reconstrução, ensino médio.
Equipe gestora: resignificações possíveis no contexto escolar
Authors: Peripolli Ariel , Oliveira Marilu Palma de , Santos Sílvio Carlos dos , Peranzoni Vaneza Cauduro , Freitas Soraia Napoleão
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo quer problematizar o papel da equipe gestora da escola, (re)significando sua ação frente aos desafios e desassossegos causados pela sociedade hodierna. Traz reflexões acerca de como essa poderá estar planejando o conjunto de atividades pedagógicas, definindo metas, organizando recursos e esforços para alcançar resultados no cotidiano de aprendência do educando. A investigação se caracterizou como bibliográfica, descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa. Deste modo, faz-se necessário refletir uma nova forma de gestar a escola, (re)elaborando, assim, as competências e os conhecimentos éticos e políticos. Palavras chave: equipe gestora, sociedade hodierna, educação.
Interiorização do ensino superior público: evolução histórica da educação em Frederico Westphalen/RS
Authors: Rosa Genésio Mário da , Silva Fabiana Regina da
Published: July 2018

Apresenta-se neste estudo o processo de evolução da educação em Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brasil, contextualizando-o numa perspectiva histórica, com base em ações sociais, culturais e político-econômicas neste município. Para o estudo foram realizadas pesquisas de campo nos estabelecimentos de ensino da rede pública (municipal, estadual e federal) e particular, envolvendo estabelecimento de ensino básico, fundamental, médio, médio profissionalizante (técnico) e superior. Em termos econômicos, segundo dados apurados, os investimentos realizados ao longo do tempo e especialmente nos últimos dois anos, com a implantação de uma unidade de ensino superior público, devem causar enormes impactos em todas as áreas sociais. Corroborando com a visão de que o investimento em educação é causador do desenvolvimento de urna sociedade mais justa, consciente, digna e solidária, que no caso de Frederico Westphalen, o marco do barril metafórico se transforma em águas de sabedoria.Palavras-chave: educação, políticas públicas em educação, evoluçãohistórica.
Convergencias y divergencias de la educación secundaria de adultos en Córdoba (Argentina) y Cataluña (España)
Authors: Acin Alicia Beatriz
Published: July 2018

Este artículo presenta las coincidencias y divergencias en las dimensiones política, organizativa y pedagógica de la educación secundaria de adultos en Córdoba (Argentina) y Cataluña (España). A partir de un estudio intensivo que toma dos casos y aportes de la etnografía educativa, los resultados obtenidos son relevantes. Se resaltan semejanzas en las políticas de educación de adultos desarrolladas en la década de 2000 y en las  concepciones  predominantes, con matices derivados de los contextos latinoamericano y europeo. Asimismo, se advierten diferencias en la configuración de la educación secundaria de adultos en ambos sistemas educativos aunque inscripta en el mismo proceso de expansión de la escolaridad básica, en la oferta, en la organización y en la orientación de fondo de las políticas. Al final se exponen las conclusiones y algunas cuestiones comunes que reclaman atención
El máster universitario en España y las opciones de los estudiantes chinos
Authors: Menglu Zhang
Published: July 2018

La educación de máster universitario en España es bien conocida por su larga historia, amplia gama de especialidades, asignaturas diferenciadas y métodos de enseñanza flexibles. Partiendo del análisis del corpus de los certificados de máster universitario obtenidos por estudiantes chinos, el artículo presenta objetivamente la distribución universitaria, el diseño de especialidades y el programa de máster de las universidades españolas que tienen alumnos chinos. Al mismo tiempo, hace una comparación con la educación de máster en China. El objetivo de nuestra investigación es dar a conocer los motivos por los cuales los postgrados de España atraen cada vez más a los estudiantes chinos y mostrar el desarrollo de los programas de máster en China.
Expression of GNSS Positioning Error in Terms of Distance
Authors: Filić Mia , Filjar Renato , Ševrović Marko
Published: July 2018

This manuscript analyzes two methods for Global Navigation Satellite System positioning error determination for positioning performance assessment by calculation of the distance between the observed and the true positions: one using the Cartesian 3D rectangular coordinate system, and the other using the spherical coordinate system, the Cartesian reference frame distance method, and haversine formula for distance calculation. The study shows unresolved issues in the utilization of position estimates in geographical reference frame for GNSS positioning performance assessment. Those lead to a recommendation for GNSS positioning performance assessment based on original WGS84-based GNSS position estimates taken from recently introduced data access from GNSS software-defined radio (SDR) receivers.
Othering Each Other: Mimicry, Ambivalence and Abjection in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye
Authors: Peimanfard Shima , Asadi Amjad Fazel
Published: July 2018

This study examines the intersections of Post colonialism and Psychoanalysis in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. It also aims to challenge Bhabha’s notions of mimicry and ambivalence as he deems them to be great forms of resistance against White supremacy. Indeed, The Bluest Eye considers Bhabha’s notion of mimicry as an oppressive strategy, especially when adopted by colonized characters like Pecola in their futile attempts to imbibe the imposed images of white culture. In addition to this literary inspiration, Julia Kristeva is among those Psychoanalytic critics who gives a further boost to my argument against Bhabha; remarking that mimicry creates the hazards of absorbing the norms of the dominant culture, and can result in psychological forms of oppression posed to the colonized, namely abjection. For instance, in Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, the non-whites use mimicry as the sole arena of struggle to get out of the marsh of abjection and create a sense of self; failing to grasp that mimicry itself contains the threat of ridding them to abjection and the vicious circle of ‘othering each other.’ Therefore, Bhabha’s ambivalent experience, to which the colonized is promoted through manifesting feats of mimicry is indeed a trap; for the voice that comes out of such experience is psychotic.
Maintaining Karonese Ecolexicon through Traditional Game Cengkah-cengkah
Authors: Tarigan Bahagia , Sofyan Rudy
Published: July 2018

A language and its environment are so dependent one another that maintaining a language also means maintaining its environment. One of the purposes of studying a language and its environment is to maintain the lexicon associated with the ecological environment, known as ecolexicon. This paper aims at maintaining Karonese ecolexicon through cengkah-cengkah, one of the Karonese traditional games in Lau Kambing and Turangi, the villages located in Salapian Sub-District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study was conducted based on ecolinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives. The data were the ecolexicon used in the Karonese traditional game cengkah-cengkah (both its old and new version). The data were collected using interview and document techniques. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the new version of Karonese traditional game cengkah-cengkah inserted more ecolexical items related to flora, cardinal points and land matters. Besides, most of the ecolexical items inserted in this game were the endangered ecolexicon that needed to be maintained. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that traditional games can serve as a good alternative way of language maintenance. Therefore, it is suggested to other researchers to do more studies on language maintenance involving traditional games from other regions.
Uncommon Women’s Dilemmas in Wendy Wasserstein’s Quasi-Trilogy
Authors: Shih Yi-chin
Published: July 2018

Winning several important drama awards, such as the Pulitzer Prize and Tony Award, Wendy Wasserstein (1950~2006) is one of the significant playwrights in the history of American theatre. Especially, Wasserstein stimulates the public’s attention to women’s issues by recording many successful female characters in her plays. Aware of the impact of the women’s movement in the 1960s and 1970s, Wasserstein describes how the social movement influences women’s personal life and depicts the joy and pain that feminism brings them. While the backlash against feminism is saturated in the 1980s, Wasserstein also discusses this anti-feminist force in society to see women’s struggles and their awakening. This paper deals with three of Wasserstein’s plays, Uncommon Women and Others (1977), Isn’t It Romantic (1983), and The Heidi Chronicles (1988), together as a quasi-trilogy to examine the development of feminism over three decades from the 1960s to the 1980s and to portray the women’s dilemma of marriage or career. Regarding the women’s predicament of being either “in” or “out” of the family, the paper argues that Wasserstein in the plays sketches different possibilities by emphasizing the diversity of women’s life experience and their autonomy.
The Effect of Mnemonic Keyword Techniques Instruction on Vocabulary Achievement and vocabulary Size of Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Marzban Amir , Firoozjahantigh Mojgan
Published: July 2018

This study aimed at probing the effect of using mnemonic keyword techniques, a number of less used procedures, in teaching vocabulary in an EFL context in Iran on the vocabulary achievement level and vocabulary size of language learners. to this end, 70 EFL intermediate students were selected because they were all intermediate level learners. They were assigned to control and experimental groups. The instructor taught the two groups new vocabulary items in their textbooks as part of the class procedures. The first group received vocabulary instruction through mnemonic keyword techniques while the second had vocabulary taught in conventional ways. Both groups were tested for their EFL vocabulary achievement and vocabulary size. The results revealed significantly higher achievement and vocabulary size levels for the participants in the experimental group. Certain implications were provided for EFL instructors, material developers and EFL learners who pursue to boost their vocabulary levels more effectively.