bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Impact of Ionic Liquids on Pyrazole Derivatives Synthesis: A Critical Review
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Sharma Pooja , Budhalakoti Bharti , Kumar Akshay , Singh Kuldeep , Kumar Kamboj Rupender , Bhatrola Kanchna
Published: August 2024

Researchers worldwide have increasingly focused on ionic liquids (ILs) in recent decades due to their distinctive properties and wide range of uses. Researchers are working on creating novel ILs and enhancing their characteristics to broaden their use across many industries. ILs are significant due to their versatility across various applications, and their utilization should take into account aspects such as cost, toxicity, and availability. Due to their unique properties, they have been extensively used as a green catalyst system in the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazole derivatives is privileged scaffolds among aza‐heterocycles owing to its various applications in drug discovery and materialistic program. A big task of green chemistry in organic synthesis has been fulfilled to the organic chemists towards the formation of valuable pyrazole‐based frameworks. This review explores the diverse applications of ILs in organic synthesis, specifically highlighting literature from 2004 to 2023 on the synthesis of pyrazole and its derivatives using IL‐assisted strategies. Specifically, it covers the synthesis of substituted pyrazoles, pyrazolo‐pyrans, quinolino‐triazolo‐triazepines, pyrazolo‐pyrimidines, and pyrazolo‐quinolinones. Also, reveals a role of IL as a catalyst and solvent on the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives.
Evaluation of Novel Hydrazone‐Imide Hybrid Compound as HNE Inhibitor In Silico: Synthesis, XRD and DFT Analysis
Authors: Eryilmaz Serpil , Gul Melek , Ozek Yildirim Arzu
Published: August 2024

Investigation into the interactions between drugs and biomolecules can offer a precise understanding of their biological behaviours in vitro and in vivo, providing crucial insights for designing new drugs. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a bicyclic hydrazone derivative, along with its potential as an inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (HNE), a critical enzyme in the treatment of acute and chronic lung injuries. We present an improved protocol for the synthesis of the compound using N‐amino‐bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2,endo‐3‐endo‐dicarboximide and 4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde through a facile, one‐pot, catalyst‐free synthesis in dry ethanol at reflux temperature. Within 12 hours, bicyclic‐hydrazone derivative was obtained with yields of up to 75 % and was characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and computational analyses based on the DFT approach. In silico ADME/T profile of the compound was evaluated and molecular docking simulation was utilized to predict its potential as a HNE inhibitor. The binding energy values of the THI ligand to the chosen PDB ID: 5ABW, 3Q77, and 2RG3 target proteins were determined as −8.41, −7.20, and −7.27 kcal/mol, respectively. In silico analysis findings indicate that the THI compound has promising drug‐likeness properties and has the potential to be evaluated in the development of new HNE inhibitors.
Recent Progress in Lead Free Tin‐Halide Perovskite Materials Based Solar Cells via SCAPS Based Numerical Simulation
Authors: Ahmad Khursheed , Kumar Praveen , Kim Haekyoung
Published: August 2024

Energy demand has dramatically increased globally, posing a serious risk of future energy crises. While various energy sources have been utilized, solar energy has emerged as the most promising renewable option, convertible to electrical energy via solar cells. Among the developed solar cells, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently received significant attentions due to their simple fabrication, high performance, and cost‐effectiveness. In particular, lead (Pb) halide‐based PSCs have achieved the highest power conversion efficiency. However, despite their excellent performance, Pb halide‐based PSCs are hindered by the toxicity of Pb in their structures. Consequently, researchers have explored germanium (Ge) and tin (Sn) halide perovskite materials for the development of Pb‐free PSCs (LFPSCs). The past few years have seen rapid advancements in the numerical simulation of LFPSCs using SCAPS software. These simulation studies are crucial for developing PSCs with enhanced performance. This mini‐review article summarizes the recent progress in the simulation of tin‐based LFPSCs.
Two Different Pathways from CO2 to HCO3− in Aqueous Solutions of Arginine Sodium Salt
Authors: Umecky Tatsuya , Doi Masato , Tatsukawa Yuta
Published: August 2024

Amino acids and their salts are amine compounds with great potential for the chemical absorption of CO2 via the amine method. The CO2 absorption properties of various amino acids and their salts have been previously reported. However, the detailed reaction mechanism of CO2 with basic amino acids in aqueous solutions has not yet been clarified. In this study, we focused on arginine (Arg), which has the highest basicity among the standard amino acids, and its monohydrochloride (ArgCl) and sodium (NaArg) salts for the dissolution of CO2 in the aqueous solutions of Arg, ArgCl, and NaArg. CO2 was chemically dissolved in aqueous Arg and NaArg solutions but not in the aqueous ArgCl solution. One‐dimensional 1H and 13C and two‐dimensional 1H‐13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that the final products in the aqueous Arg and NaArg solutions were protonated Arg and HCO3−. HCO3− was formed from both CO2‐bonded Arg/Arg− and CO32− intermediates in the aqueous NaArg solution but only from the CO2‐bonded Arg/Arg− intermediate in the aqueous Arg solution. In addition to their high environmental and biological compatibility, Arg and NaArg exhibit high CO2 absorption capacity, demonstrating their potential for practical use as naturally derived CO2 chemical absorbents.
Comparison of human hair cortisol concentration stability for 1‐year and 2‐year test–retest intervals
Authors: Bertrams Alex , Zäch Myriam , Minkley Nina
Published: August 2024

Human hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has previously been found to be highly stable for a 1‐year interval (r = 0.73) in terms of a product–moment correlation. The present study aimed to replicate this finding and compare HCC stability regarding 1‐year and 2‐year test–retest intervals. Female university students (N = 39) provided hair strands twice (t1 and t2) at intervals of 1 (n = 21) or 2 years (n = 18). Multiple regression analysis predicting HCC at t2 revealed a significant interaction term (HCC at t1 × time interval condition). It was determined that HCCs were substantially related for the 1‐year interval but unrelated for the 2‐year interval. The findings were not attributable to potential influences, such as hair treatment. The product–moment correlation showed nearly identical consistency with previous research regarding the 1‐year test–retest interval. There was no significant product–moment correlation for the 2‐year interval. Overall, these findings indicate that within a temporal framework of 1 year, HCCs may be stable predictors in correlational studies where the focus is on the rank orders of measured values.
Renal Clearable H‐Dots Leveraging Ligand Complexation for Enhanced Active Tumor Targeting
Authors: Cui Yanan , Park Seung Hun , Stiles Wesley R. , Yamashita Atsushi , Dinh Jason , Kim Richard S. , Zhang Yadong , Yin Xiaoran , Baek Yoonji , Wang Haoran , Bao Kai , Kang Homan , Choi Hak Soo
Published: August 2024

The use of ligand conjugation onto nanoparticle surfaces as an active targeting strategy has gained significant attention in the pursuit of improving tumor‐specific delivery and retention. However, the chemical conjugation of targeting moieties often induces alterations in the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, including size, conformation, charge‐to‐mass ratio, and hydrophilicity/lipophilicity, resulting in unexpected biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles. Here, the enhanced active targeting efficiency achieved by integrating cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (cRGD) peptides onto ultrasmall nanocarrier H‐dot while preserving its essential physicochemical and pharmacokinetic attributes is investigated. The resulting cRGD/H‐dots demonstrate improved cellular uptake via integrin αvβ3 receptors, accompanied by negligible cytotoxicity. Notably, the active targeting efficacy of cRGD/H‐dots compared to unmodified H‐dots (1.2%ID/g, two‐fold increase) is quantitatively evaluated, validated through fluorescence imaging and histological analysis. The findings highlight that cRGD/H‐dots offer enhanced tumor targetability and prolonged tumoral retention while maintaining active renal clearance of unbound molecules.
Toward Sustainable Groundwater Management: A Comprehensive Framework for Resource Protection and Utilization
Authors: Mseli Zaina Hussein , Sankaranna Gaduputi , Mwegoha William John
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for the sustainable management of groundwater resources in the Makutupora basin, Dodoma, Tanzania. The framework was developed through a systematic four‐phase methodology. Phase I involved a literature and document review to generate foundational insights. Phase II comprised a review of existing conceptual frameworks to identify best practices. Phase III included primary data collection through interviews, focus groups, and stakeholder surveys to understand current challenges and capacities. Phase IV involved synthesizing the findings to develop the proposed management framework. The framework includes a nested, multi‐scale structure with four hierarchical levels, overarching goals, primary management functions, specific operations, and subordinate tasks. It was informed by sustainability Principles and Intergrated Water Resources Mangagement concepts. The framework facilitates coordinated planning and implementation across relevant organizations through well‐defined roles and regular monitoring/evaluation. Key functions address resource assessment, regulatory compliance, stakeholder participation, financing, and capacity development. Validation by subject matter experts strengthened the framework's grounding in evidence and enhanced its implementation, adaptability, and long‐term sustainability. The final framework is envisioned as a dynamic decision support tool to address the complexities of groundwater utilization, protection, and conservation in an equitable, adaptive manner for current and future generations.
Can you dig it? The impact of a movable substrate “dig pit” on naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) behavior and welfare
Authors: Wierzal Natasha K. , Keeley Lou , Fidino Mason , Cronin Katherine A.
Published: August 2024

Zoos are often limited by exhibit design in the opportunities they can provide animals to express natural behaviors; however, the opportunity to perform certain natural behaviors is key to supporting good animal welfare. Traditionally, in zoos, naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) are housed in gunite‐lined acrylic chambers that replicate the look of their tunnel systems in the wild but don't offer the opportunity for natural digging and tunnel construction behaviors. In this study, naked mole rat behavior was evaluated when providing two different presentations of movable substrate added on to the original exhibit—a tank with loose substrate and a dig pit with hard‐packed clay. We recorded 299 5‐min focal observations with 30‐s intervals and 30 group scans to understand behavioral changes across treatments (10 days of observation per treatment). Results were analyzed using Bayesian mixed models. Digging behavior emerged in both presentations of moveable substrate. A potential indicator of negative welfare, barrier‐directed behavior, decreased when the mole rats had access to the tank of loose substrate. A potential indicator of positive welfare, exploratory behavior, increased with access to the dig pit when the mole rats had the opportunity to build tunnels. Additionally, affiliative social interactions increased, and aggressive interactions decreased with access to either presentation of movable substrate. The observed changes in colony behavior demonstrate that captive naked mole rats readily exhibited the natural behaviors of digging and tunnel building when the opportunity was presented, and the habitat modification likely improved naked mole rat welfare.
Single-Label Multi-modal Field of Research Classification
Authors: Ruosch Florian , Vasu Rosni , Wang Ruijie , Rossetto Luca , Bernstein Abraham
Published: August 2024

The automated field of research classification for scientific papers is still challenging, even with modern tools such as large language models. As part of a shared task tackling this problem, this paper presents our contribution SLAMFORC, an approach to single-label classification using multi-modal data. We combined the metadata of papers with their full text and, where available, images into a pipeline to predict their field of research with an ensemble voting on traditional classifiers and large language models. We evaluated our approach on the shared task dataset and scored the highest values for two of the four metrics used in the evaluation of the competition, with the other two being the second highest.
A Technical/Scientific Document Management Platform
Authors: Lemos Melissa , García Grettel M. , Izquierdo Yenier T. , Oliveira Cleber , de Sousa Jefferson Alves , Rezende Bernardo Florindo Mortari , Novelli Bruno , Casanova Marco A.
Published: August 2024

This paper first presents DANKE, a data and knowledge management platform that allows users to submit keyword queries to a centralized database. DANKE uses a knowledge graph to provide a semantic view of the centralized database in a vocabulary familiar to the users. The paper then describes DANKE-U, a specialized module that enables DANKE to handle unstructured data, including scientific and engineering documents. Lastly, the paper presents a real use case from the oil and gas industry, involving technical/scientific documents.
Characterization of flag leaf morphology identifies a major genomic region controlling flag leaf angle in the US winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Gill Harsimardeep S. , Singh Mandeep , Kaur Karanjot , Koupal Dante , Talukder Shyamal , Bernardo Amy , Amand Paul St. , Bai Guihua , Sehgal Sunish K.
Published: August 2024

Key message

Multi-environmental characterization of flag leaf morphology traits in the US winter wheat revealed nine stable genomic regions for different flag leaf-related traits including a major region governing flag leaf angle.

Flag leaf in wheat is the primary contributor to accumulating photosynthetic assimilates. Flag leaf morphology (FLM) traits determine the overall canopy structure and capacity to intercept the light, thus influencing photosynthetic efficiency. Hence, understanding the genetic control of these traits could be useful for breeding desirable ideotypes in wheat. We used a panel of 272 accessions from the hard winter wheat (HWW) region of the USA to investigate the genetic architecture of five FLM traits including flag leaf length (FLL), width (FLW), angle (FLANG), length–width ratio, and area using multilocation field experiments. Multi-environment GWAS using 14,537 single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified 36 marker-trait associations for different traits, with nine being stable across environments. A novel and major stable region for FLANG (qFLANG.1A) was identified on chromosome 1A accounting for 9–13% variation. Analysis of spatial distribution for qFLANG.1A in a set of 2354 breeding lines from the HWW region showed a higher frequency of allele associated with narrow leaf angle. A KASP assay was developed for allelic discrimination of qFLANG.1A and was used for its independent validation in a diverse set of spring wheat accessions. Furthermore, candidate gene analysis for two regions associated with FLANG identified seven putative genes of interest for each of the two regions. The present study enhances our understanding of the genetic control of FLM in wheat, particularly FLANG, and these results will be useful for dissecting the genes underlying canopy architecture in wheat facilitating the development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.
Nitrogen Fixation and Microbial Communities Associated with Decomposing Seagrass Leaves in Temperate Coastal Waters
Authors: Papazachariou Vasiliki , Fernández-Juárez Victor , Parfrey Laura Wegener , Riemann Lasse
Published: August 2024

Seagrass meadows play pivotal roles in coastal biochemical cycles, with nitrogen fixation being a well-established process associated with living seagrass. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nitrogen fixation is also associated with seagrass debris in Danish coastal waters. We conducted a 52-day in situ experiment to investigate nitrogen fixation (proxied by acetylene reduction) and dynamics of the microbial community (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) and the nitrogen fixing community (nifH DNA/RNA amplicon sequencing) associated with decomposing Zostera marina leaves. The leaves harboured distinct microbial communities, including distinct nitrogen fixers, relative to the surrounding seawater and sediment throughout the experiment. Nitrogen fixation rates were measurable on most days, but highest on days 3 (dark, 334.8 nmol N g−1 dw h−1) and 15 (light, 194.6 nmol N g−1 dw h−1). Nitrogen fixation rates were not correlated with the concentration of inorganic nutrients in the surrounding seawater or with carbon:nitrogen ratios in the leaves. The composition of nitrogen fixers shifted from cyanobacterial Sphaerospermopsis to heterotrophic genera like Desulfopila over the decomposition period. On the days with highest fixation, nifH RNA gene transcripts were mainly accounted for by cyanobacteria, in particular by Sphaerospermopsis and an unknown taxon (order Nostocales), alongside Proteobacteria. Our study shows that seagrass debris in temperate coastal waters harbours substantial nitrogen fixation carried out by cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria that are distinct relative to the surrounding seawater and sediments. This suggests that seagrass debris constitutes a selective environment where degradation is affected by the import of nitrogen via nitrogen fixation.
In search of epigenetic hallmarks of different tissues: an integrative omics study of horse liver, lung, and heart
Authors: Semik-Gurgul Ewelina , Pawlina-Tyszko Klaudia , Gurgul Artur , Szmatoła Tomasz , Rybińska Justyna , Ząbek Tomasz
Published: August 2024

DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) expression are epigenetic mechanisms essential for regulating tissue-specific gene expression and metabolic processes. However, high-resolution transcriptome, methylome, or miRNAome data is only available for a few model organisms and selected tissues. Up to date, only a few studies have reported on gene expression, DNA methylation, or miRNA expression in adult equine tissues at the genome-wide level. In the present study, we used RNA-Seq, miRNA-seq, and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) data from the heart, lung, and liver tissues of healthy cold-blooded horses to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed miRNA (DE miRNA) and differentially methylated sites (DMSs) between three types of horse tissues. Additionally, based on integrative omics analysis, we described the observed interactions of epigenetic mechanisms with tissue-specific gene expression alterations. The obtained data allowed identification from 4067 to 6143 DMSs, 9733 to 11,263 mRNAs, and 155 to 185 microRNAs, differentially expressed between various tissues. We pointed out specific genes whose expression level displayed a negative correlation with the level of CpG methylation and miRNA expression and revealed biological processes that they enrich. Furthermore, we confirmed and validated the accuracy of the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) results with bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). This comprehensive analysis forms a strong foundation for exploring the epigenetic mechanisms involved in tissue differentiation, especially the growth and development of the equine heart, lungs, and liver.
The influence of seawater pCO2 and temperature on the amino acid composition and aragonite CO3 disorder of coral skeletons
Authors: Allison Nicola , Ross Phoebe , Castillo Alvarez Cristina , Penkman Kirsty , Kröger Roland , Kellock Celeste , Cole Catherine , Clog Matthieu , Evans David , Hintz Chris , Hintz Ken , Finch Adrian A.
Published: August 2024

Coral skeletons are composites of aragonite and biomolecules. We report the concentrations of 11 amino acids in massive Porites spp. coral skeletons cultured at two temperatures (25 °C and 28 °C) and 3 seawater pCO2 (180, 400 and 750 µatm). Coral skeletal aspartic acid/asparagine (Asx), glutamic acid/glutamine (Glx), glycine, serine and total amino acid concentrations are significantly higher at 28 °C than at 25 °C. Skeletal Asx, Glx, Gly, Ser, Ala, L-Thr and total amino acid are significantly lower at 180 µatm seawater pCO2 compared to 400 µatm, and Ser is reduced at 180 µatm compared to 750 µatm. Concentrations of all skeletal amino acids are significantly inversely related to coral calcification rate but not to calcification media pH. Raman spectroscopy of these and additional specimens indicates that CO3 disorder in the skeletal aragonite lattice is not affected by seawater pCO2 but decreases at the higher temperature. This is contrary to observations in synthetic aragonite where disorder is positively related to the aragonite precipitation rate mediated by either increasing temperature (this study) or increasing Ω (this study and a previous report) and to the concentration of amino acid in the precipitation media (a previous report). We observe no significant relationship between structural disorder and coral calcification rate or skeletal [amino acid]. Both temperature and seawater pCO2 can significantly affect skeletal amino acid composition, and further work is required to clarify how environmental change mediates disorder.
New Tools to Study 1-11-Representation of Graphs
Authors: Futorny Mikhail , Kitaev Sergey , Pyatkin Artem
Published: August 2024

The notion of a k-11-representable graph was introduced by Jeff Remmel in 2017 and studied by Cheon et al. in 2019 as a natural extension of the extensively studied notion of word-representable graphs, which are precisely 0-11-representable graphs. A graph G is k-11-representable if it can be represented by a word w such that for any edge (resp., non-edge) xy in G the subsequence of w formed by x and y contains at most k (resp., at least $$k+1$$

k
+
1

) pairs of consecutive equal letters. A remarkable result of Cheon at al. is that any graph is 2-11-representable, while it is unknown whether every graph is 1-11-representable. Cheon et al. showed that the class of 1-11-representable graphs is strictly larger than that of word-representable graphs, and they introduced a useful toolbox to study 1-11-representable graphs. In this paper, we introduce new tools for studying 1-11-representation of graphs. We apply them for establishing 1-11-representation of Chvátal graph, Mycielski graph, split graphs, and graphs whose vertices can be partitioned into a comparability graph and an independent set.
Association between gastrointestinal symptoms and specialty care utilization among colon cancer survivors: a cohort study
Authors: Edwards Anya L. , Trang Karen , Tolstykh Irina V. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Van Loon Katherine , Laffan Angela , Stanfield Dalila , Steiding Paige , Neuhaus John , Atreya Chloe E. , Piawah Sorbarikor , Venook Alan P. , Varma Madhulika G.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Persistent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequently experienced by colon cancer survivors and may help identify patients with higher utilization of healthcare services. To assess the relationship between GI symptoms and specialty care utilization among colon cancer survivors.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal cohort study at an academic medical center of 126 adults surgically treated for stage I–IV colon cancer between February 2017 and June 2022. Participants reported GI symptoms through the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29 at enrollment and as frequently as every 6 months for 5 years. Main outcome measures were visits, telephone encounters, and secure messages with a medical provider within specialty oncology clinics within 6 months after each survey completion. Generalized linear mixed regression model for repeated measurements with random trajectory for each participant was performed to estimate the associations between symptoms and healthcare use. Models were adjusted for demographics, clinical and surgical factors, and timing in relation to onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

In the 6 months after each survey time point, patients averaged 1.2 visits, 0.5 telephone encounters, and 3.2 patient-initiated messages. In adjusted models, those with any abdominal pain (RR 1.45; p = 0.002), buttock pain (RR 1.30; p = 0.050), or increased stool frequency (RR 1.26; p = 0.046) had more clinic visits in the following 6 months than those without these symptoms. Including these three symptoms in one model revealed that only abdominal pain was statistically significantly associated with increased clinic visits (RR 1.36; p = 0.016). Patients with any blood or mucus in stool (RR 2.46; p = 0.009) had significantly more telephone encounters, and those with any abdominal pain (RR 1.65; p = 0.002) had significantly more patient-initiated messages than those without these symptoms.

Conclusions

Our findings identify GI symptoms associated with increased use of oncologic specialty care among colon cancer survivors, with abdominal pain as an important predictor of utilization.

Implications for cancer survivors

Early identification and anticipatory management of colon cancer survivors experiencing abdominal pain may decrease healthcare utilization.
Enrollment and completion rates of a nationwide guided digital parenting program for children with disruptive behavior before and during COVID-19
Authors: Lintula Sakari , Sourander Andre , Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki Susanna , Ristkari Terja , Kinnunen Malin , Kurki Marjo , Marjamäki Altti , Gyllenberg David , Kim Hyoun , Baumel Amit
Published: August 2024

Our aim was to study enrollment and completion levels for the internet-based and telephone-assisted Finnish Strongest Families Smart Website (SFSW) parent training intervention, for parents of young children with disruptive behavior before and after the COVID-19 lockdown period. Population-based screening was carried out on 39,251 children during routine check- ups at 4 years of age. The parents of children scoring at least 5 on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were assessed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Associations with enrollment or completion were analyzed using logistic regression models. The effects of COVID-19 restrictions on these were estimated using interrupted timeseries analysis. Of 39,251 families, 4894 screened positive and met the eligibility criteria. Of those, 3068 (62.6%) decided to enroll in the SFSW program and 2672 (87.1%) of those families completed it. The highest level of disruptive behavior (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.12–1.57, p < 0.001) and overall severity of difficulties (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.91–2.57, p < 0.001) were independently associated with enrollment. Higher parental education was associated with enrollment and completion. Higher paternal age was associated with enrollment, and parent depressive symptoms with non-completion. The SFSW enrollment did not significantly change following the COVID-19 restrictions, while the completion rate increased (COVID-19 completion OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.22–2.50, p = 0.002). Guided digital parenting interventions increase the sustainability of services, by addressing the child mental health treatment gap and ensuring service consistency during crisis situations.
A distributed and cooperative signature-based intrusion detection system framework for multi-channel man-in-the-middle attacks against protected Wi-Fi networks
Authors: Thankappan Manesh , Rifà-Pous Helena , Garrigues Carles
Published: August 2024

A Multi-Channel Man-in-the-Middle (MC-MitM) attack is an advanced form of MitM attack, characterized by its ability to manipulate encrypted wireless communications between the Access Point (AP) and clients within a WiFi network. MC-MitM attacks can target any Wi-Fi client, regardless of the authentication method used with the AP. Notable examples of such attacks include Key Reinstallation Attacks and FragAttacks, which have impacted millions of WiFi systems worldwide, especially those involving Internet of Things devices. Current defense mechanisms are inadequate against these attacks due to interoperability challenges and the need for modifications to devices or protocols within the targeted Wi-Fi networks. This paper introduces a distributed and cooperative signature-based wireless intrusion detection mechanism designed for online passive monitoring to detect malicious traffic patterns during MC-MitM attacks in any environment, from apartments and houses to large areas like hotels, offices or industrial sites. We implemented the proposed framework on Raspberry Pis and evaluated it in real-world settings. Our evaluation demonstrates that this framework can effectively identify MC-MitM attacks with an average accuracy of 98% when deployed across different locations within our experimental testbed.
Differentiating broadcast from viral: a causal inference approach for information diffusion analysis
Authors: Riazi Amin , Wang Yingfeng
Published: August 2024

Classifying information diffusion patterns is critical to many information analysis areas, e.g., misleading information detection. However, diffusion pattern classification remains challenging when multiple users are involved. To address this challenge, this study aims to classify how information diffuses, distinguishing between broadcast and viral spreading, solely through the analysis of observational data from retweet networks on X (formerly known as Twitter). In broadcasting, most users directly receive information. However, viral spreading allows users the opportunity to receive information from a variety of sources. Therefore, viral spreading increases the likelihood of identifying misleading information. Existing methods classify diffusion types mainly through structural virality, which relies on the average distance between the users. However, when dealing with diffusion networks involving two or more information sources, these approaches can potentially lead to confusion regarding causality. To tackle this problem, we develop a deterministic causal inference method for categorizing information diffusion types. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating information diffusion types based on causality. This approach can be used to assess source credibility and assist in detecting misleading information. It can also be extended to other social media platforms.

Graphical Abstract
Atheroprotective role of vinpocetine: an old drug with new indication
Authors: Abu-Alghayth Mohammed H. , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Bahaa Mostafa M. , Afifi Mohammed , AL-Farga Ammar , Wahsh Eman , Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Published: August 2024

Endothelial dysfunction is considered one of the main causes of atherosclerosis and elevated blood pressure. Atherosclerosis (AS) formation is enhanced by different mechanisms including cytokine generation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and migration. One of the recent treatment toward endothelial dysfunction is vinpocetine (VPN). VPN is an ethyl apovincaminate used in the management of different cerebrovascular disorders and endothelial dysfunction through inhibition of atherosclerosis formation. VPN is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase enzyme 1 (PDE1) as well it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through inhibition of the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). VPN has been shown to be effective against development and progression of AS. However, the underlying molecular mechanism was not fully clarified. Consequently, objective of the present narrative review was to clarify the mechanistic role of VPN in AS. Most of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from macrophages are inhibited by the action of VPN via NF-κB-dependent mechanism. VPN blocks monocyte adhesion and migration by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. As well, VPN is effective in reducing oxidative stress, a cornerstone in the pathogenesis of AS, through inhibition of NF-κB and PDE1. VPN promotes plaque stability and prevent erosion and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. In conclusion, VPN through mitigation of inflammatory and oxidative stress with plaque stability effects could be effective agent in the management of endothelial dysfunction through inhibition of atherosclerosis mediators.
Modelling Low-Frequency Vibration and Defect Detection in Homogeneous Plate-Like Solids
Authors: Aigbotsua Joshua O. , Smith Robert A. , Marshall Tom , Drinkwater Bruce W.
Published: August 2024

The inspection of thick-section sandwich structures with skins around core materials such as honeycomb, balsa, and foam relies on low-frequency vibration techniques to identify defects through changes in amplitude or phase response. However, current industrial methods are often limited to detecting specific types of defects, potentially overlooking others. Moreover, these methods do not gather detailed information about the defect type or depth, as they only analyse a small portion of the available data instead of the full relevant response spectrum. This paper explores the scientific basis of using low-frequency vibration in the pitch-catch variant for defect detection in homogeneous solids, through analysis of the full relevant frequency spectrum (5–50 kHz). Defects in structures lead to reduced local stiffness and mass in the affected area, causing resonance in the layer above, resulting in amplified vibrations known as local defect resonance (LDR). In this work, an aluminium plate with a 40 mm diameter circular flat-bottomed hole (FBH) at a depth of 1 mm (representing a skin defect) is excited with a chirp signal of 5–50 kHz, and the response is monitored 17 mm away from the excitation point. Finite-element analysis (FEA) is used for the numerical model, addressing challenges in creating an accurate model. The process to optimise the numerical model and the reduce model-experiment error is outlined, including challenges such as the lack of knowledge of material damping. The study emphasizes the importance of modelling the probe’s stiffness and damping effects for achieving agreement between the model and experiment. After incorporating these effects, the maximum LDR frequency error decreased from approximately 3 kHz to less than 1 kHz. In addition, this study presents a method with the potential for defect classification through comparison to modelled responses. The minimum difference error was used to quantify the resonance frequencies’ error between the model and the experiment. Since the resonant frequencies are a function of the defect’s shape, size, and depth, a relatively low root mean squared (RMS) error across the resonance frequency error spectrum indicates the defect’s characteristics. Finally, defect detection and sizing using the pitch-catch probe are explored with a wide-band excitation signal and a line scan through the mid-plane of the defect. A method for defect sizing using a pitch-catch probe is presented and experimentally validated. Accurate defect sizing is achieved with the pitch-catch probe when the defect width is at least $$\ge $$
≥
twice the 17 mm pin-spacing of the probe.
Mineral Reconnaissance Through Scientific Consensus: First National Prospectivity Maps for PGE–Ni–Cu–Cr and Witwatersrand-type Au Deposits in South Africa
Authors: Nwaila Glen T. , Zhang Steven E. , Bourdeau Julie E. , Carranza Emmanuel John M. , Enslin Stephanie , Manzi Musa S. D. , Andriampenomanana Fenitra , Ghorbani Yousef
Published: August 2024

We present here the first experimental science (consensus)-based mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) method and its validation results in the form of national prospectivity maps and datasets for PGE–Ni–Cu–Cr and Witwatersrand-type Au deposits in South Africa. The research objectives were: (1) to develop the method toward applicative uses; (2) to the extent possible, validate the effectiveness of the method; and (3) to provide national MPM products. The MPM method was validated by targeting mega-deposits within the world’s largest and best exploited geological systems and mining districts—the Bushveld Complex and the Witwatersrand Basin. Their incomparable knowledge and mega-deposit status make them the most useful for validating MPM methods, serving as “certified reference targets”. Our MPM method is built using scientific consensus via deep ensemble construction, using workflow experimentation that propagates uncertainty of subjective workflow choices by mimicking the outcome of an ensemble of data scientists. The consensus models are a data-driven equivalent to expert aggregation, increasing confidence in our MPM products. By capturing workflow-induced uncertainty, the study produced MPM products that not only highlight potential exploration targets but also offer a spatial consensus level for each, de-risking downstream exploration. Our MPM results agree qualitatively with exploration and geological knowledge. In particular, our method identified areas of high prospectivity in known exploration regions and geologically and geospatially corresponding to the known extents of both mineral systems. The convergence rate of the ensemble demonstrated a high level of statistical durability of our MPM products, suggesting that they can guide exploration at a national scale until significant new data emerge. Potential new exploration targets for PGE–Ni–Cu–Cr are located northwest of the Bushveld Complex; for Au, promising areas are west of the Witwatersrand Basin. The broader implications of this work for the mineral industry are profound. As exploration becomes more data-driven, the question of trust in MPM products must be addressed; it can be done using the proposed scientific method.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of geohazards on cadastral data: an assessment after the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquakes (Türkiye)
Authors: Yildiz Umit , Gokceoglu Candan , Kocaman Sultan
Published: August 2024

Humans set boundaries on land for thousands of years. Cadastre emerged as a system for registering them, whether they are marked on the ground (visible) or unmarked (invisible). Parcel boundary data stored in geospatial databases and supported with registration documents are legally binding in many countries. They are however subject to change physically due to anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Seismic activities inducing surface rupture, lateral spread, landslide, liquefaction, and rockfall are among the main natural causes yielding physical boundary alterations. Spatial pattern and magnitude of alterations depend on the geohazard type and geological characteristics of the area. If a cadastral database is not updated, the physical and registered boundary begins to diverge, leading to uncertainty that needs to be understood by both people and authorities. As a prominent example, the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaras (Turkiye) earthquakes (Mw7.7 and Mw7.6), which affected a very large region covering approximately 100,000 km2, caused enormous alterations on the physical boundaries of approximately 5 million land parcels. In this study, we analyzed different boundary changes caused by this major event and proposed a conceptual framework based on physical, documentary, and spatial boundary definitions of cadastral parcels with examples from the Kahramanmaras earthquakes. Considering the size of the area and the immense cost of cadastral renovation projects, we analyzed the deformation patterns and possible magnitudes from an interdisciplinary perspective and presented an overview. The study findings provide insights for addressing boundary discrepancies, although additional research is required for comprehensive quantitative assessments across the entire area.
Stepwise Multi-Temperature Thermogravimetric Analysis (SMT-TGA) for Rapid Alloy Development
Authors: Monceau Daniel , Enjalbert Hugo , Desgranges Clara , Sanviemvongsak Tom , Casadebaigt Antoine , Perez Thomas
Published: August 2024

A stepwise multi-temperature thermogravimetric analysis (SMT-TGA) method is a rapid and time- and material-efficient measurement procedure for oxidation kinetics over a wide range of temperatures. It is suitable for alloy design and material selection procedures. It involves subjecting a sample to a series of steps at increasing temperatures, followed by steps at decreasing temperatures to identify possible effects on the evolution of oxide layer microstructures on oxidation kinetics. This method has been tested for a wide range of metallic alloys in the present work, allowing for the mapping of possible ranges of parabolic oxidation kinetics of industrial alloys between 600 and 1300°C. Two examples of effects of thermal history have also been described in this publication.
Integrated analyses of the plant and soil microbiome identify Phytopythium vexans as agent of the Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome
Authors: Mosca Saveria , Aci Meriem Miyassa , Procopio Giuseppina , Vadalà Vittoria , Vizzari Giuseppina , Francomano Edda , Mohamed Nesma Zakaria , Li Destri Nicosia Maria Giulia , Agosteo Giovanni Enrico , Spadaro Davide , Schena Leonardo , Malacrinò Antonino
Published: August 2024

Background and aims

The Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS) is a disease that is currently a challenge for kiwifruit production in Italy, and it is spreading in new production areas. However, the causal agent of this syndrome has not been clearly identified, and we still know little about the overall effects of KVDS on the interactions between the host plant and its microbiome.

Methods

In this study, we combined metabarcoding and targeted isolation (leaf baiting) to characterize the changes in the rhizosphere and root microbiomes associated with symptoms of KVDS.

Results

Our results suggest that KVDS has little impact on the bacterial, fungal, and oomycete communities associated with soil and roots, and we detected weak signatures of potential dysbiosis. On the other hand, we found a consistent association of the oomycete Phytopythium vexans with samples from plants symptomatic to KVDS, which matches the nucleotide sequences of the isolates obtained through baiting and, partially, the isolates from previous studies.

Conclusion

While our results support the idea that P. vexans might be the major candidate agent of KVDS, there are still several unanswered questions that need to be addressed before being able to provide effective solutions to this emerging challenge in kiwifruit production.
Comparing patient-reported outcomes measurement information system® (PROMIS®)-16 domain scores with the PROMIS-29 and 5-item PROMIS cognitive function scores
Authors: Zeng Chengbo , Hays Ron D. , Rodriguez Anthony , Hanmer Janel , Herman Patricia M. , Edelen Maria Orlando
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study evaluates the interpretability of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®)-16 profile domain scores (physical function, ability to participate in social roles and activities, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, pain interference, cognitive function – abilities, and fatigue) compared to the PROMIS-29 scores and a 5-item PROMIS cognitive function score. The study aims to provide insights into using these measures in clinical and research settings.

Methods

Analyses were conducted using data from 4130 adults from a nationally representative, probability-based internet panel between September and October 2022. A subset of 1256 individuals with back pain was followed up at six months. We compared the PROMIS-16 profile with the corresponding domain scores from the PROMIS-29 and a custom five-item cognitive function measure. We evaluated (1) reliability through inter-item correlations within each domain and (2) criterion validity by comparing PROMIS-16 profile with the corresponding longer PROMIS measures: (a) standardized mean differences in domain scores, (b) correlations, and (c) concordance of change (i.e., got worse, stayed the same, got better) among those with back pain from baseline to six months later using the reliable change index. We report the Kappa coefficient of agreement and the frequency and percentage of participants with concordant classifications.

Results

Inter-item correlations for the PROMIS-16 domains ranged from 0.65 in cognitive function to 0.92 in pain interference. Standardized mean differences between PROMIS-16 and the scores for the corresponding longer PROMIS domains were minimal (< 0.2). Correlations among the corresponding domain scores ranged from 0.82 for sleep disturbance to 0.98 for pain interference. The percentage of concordance in change groups ranged from 63% for sleep disturbance to 88% for pain interference. Except for sleep disturbance, the change groups derived from the PROMIS-16 showed moderate to substantial agreement with scores estimated from the longer PROMIS measures (Kappa coefficients ≥ 0.41).

Conclusion

The PROMIS-16 domain scores perform similarly to the longer PROMIS measures and can be interpreted in the same way. This similarity indicates that PROMIS-16 can be useful for research as a brief health-related quality-of-life profile measure.
The RESIST Senior Individuals Cohort: Design, participant characteristics and aims
Authors: Roesner Lennart Matthias , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Kopfnagel Verena , van Unen Nienke , Kemmling Yvonne , Heise Jana-Kristin , Castell Stephanie , Jiang Xun , Riemann Lennart , Traidl Stephan , Lange Berit , Sühs Kurt-Wolfram , Illig Thomas , Strowig Till , Li Yang , Förster Reinhold , Huehn Jochen , Schulz Thomas Friedrich , Werfel Thomas ,   the RESIST SI Cohort Investigators, Bošnjak Berislav , Gutierrez Jauregui Rodrigo , Jenniches Felix , Klopp Norman , Lesker Till Robin , Stangel Martin
Published: August 2024

The number of older adults worldwide is growing exponentially. However, while living longer, older individuals are more susceptible to both non-infectious and infectious diseases, at least in part due to alterations of the immune system. Here, we report on a prospective cohort study investigating the influence of age on immune responses and susceptibility to infection. The RESIST Senior Individuals (SI) cohort was established as a general population cohort with a focus on the elderly, enrolling an age- and sex-stratified sample of 650 individuals (n = 100 20-39y, n = 550 61-94y, 2019–2023, Hannover, Germany). It includes clinical, demographic, and lifestyle data and also extensive biomaterial sampling. Initial insights indicate that the SI cohort exhibits characteristics of the aging immune system and the associated susceptibility to infection, thereby providing a suitable platform for the decoding of age-related alterations of the immune system and unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the impaired immune responsiveness in aging populations by exploring comprehensive, unbiased multi-omics datasets.