bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pegawai Di Sekretariat Daerah Kota Bandung
Authors: Rasino Rasino , Alhadihaq M Yusuf , Sumiati Nia
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to examine the simultaneous and partial influence of organizational climate on employee work productivity. The organizational climate studied includes the dimensions of structure, communication flow, responsibility, respect for human resources as well as rewards and sanctions. The sample is employee staff who are registered as Civil Servants totaling 128 people spread across 8 sections. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire using a Likert scale. The data obtained were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The results of the study stated that there was an influence of organizational climate on the work productivity of employees at the Regional Secretariat of the City of Bandung. The simultaneous influence of organizational climate on employee work productivity is 54.3%.
Good Morning Young People: Geronimo Fm Radio's Efforts To Maintain Existence In Generation Z
Authors: Nu”azzidane Bakhtiar Rafqi , Sa’idah Zahrotus
Published: February 2024

Geronimo FM is a radio that was established in 1971. It was the first national private radio in Yogyakarta that not only became a music barometer, but also provided various information about the world of entertainment, arts and culture and the lifestyle of young people. Nowadays, almost all people including generation z rarely listen to radio. Thus, the researcher examines the efforts of Geronimo FM radio in maintaining its existence in generation z. Therefore, the purpose of this research is so that generation z can regain interest in radio. The research method used is qualitative method. For data collection techniques, this research explains the results based on participant observation, semi-structured interviews with the main source Leila Karina, supporting sources Pamungkas Kusuma Sakti, and finally documentation. Furthermore, for data analysis using data reduction by selecting data, data display, and conclusions. The results of the study explain that Geronimo FM's efforts to maintain their existence in the decline in the number of listeners, especially in generation z through the Good Morning Youngste program, namely generating (Attention) by creating content, growing (Interest) by curating the selection of info, generating (Desire) by creating an activity, doing (Decision) by collaborating with digital media and doing (Action) by finding out what trends are being discussed by generation z, so that generation z has a sense of interest in radio again.
Optimizing pricing and promotions for sustained profitability in declining markets: A Green-Centric inventory model
Authors: Keswani Mamta , Khedlekar Uttam
Published: February 2024

In the face of a competitive and ever-changing business landscape, companies often grapple with the challenge of sustaining their products in declining markets. To combat this issue, effective strategies such as promotional efforts play a pivotal role in boosting demand and maintaining market position. Additionally, businesses are increasingly focusing on ecological safety and greening efforts to minimize their environmental impact while ensuring the production of environmentally friendly products. These green initiatives not only contribute to environmental sustainability but can also enhance retailer profitability. This article presents an innovative inventory model tailored for perishable products within a stochastic environment. The model integrates elements such as linear pricing, time dynamics, promotional efforts, and a demand rate that depends non-linearly on the level of greening efforts. The model also considers partial backlogging of shortages, lost sales, time-dependent product deterioration, and investments in preservation technology to mitigate deterioration effects. The primary objective is to calculate the retailer's profit function, taking into account cycle time, selling price, promotional effort, and greening effort as key variables. To address this complex problem, the article introduces an algorithm for finding feasible solutions. Furthermore, the concavity of these solutions is demonstrated through graphical analysis. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the application of the model, and sensitivity analysis is conducted to elucidate how changes in inventory parameters impact decision variables. We will also depicted the short representation of proposed study in Figure 1.
La scomparsa di Majorana: il saggio-inchiesta di Sciascia e la rivisitazione grafica di Riccioni-Rocchi a confronto
Authors: Lanslots Inge
Published: February 2024

Negli anni Settanta, in piena guerra fredda, Leonardo Sciascia, lo scrittore critico-polemico di Racalmuto, si interroga sulla minaccia nucleare e la responsabilità scientifica di chi aveva contribuito alla realizzazione della bomba atomica. Come riferito da vari critici, La scomparsa di Majorana, prima pubblicato su «La Stampa» (in sette puntate, dal 31 agosto al 7 settembre), si presenta come un’inchiesta filosofica, ma fortemente contestata per la sua inesattezza storica: secondo storici e altri critici Majorana non avrebbe potuto prevedere la realizzazione della bomba atomica e la sua intransigenza non sarebbe stato il segno di una neutralità assoluta. Lo stesso testo però viene al contempo apprezzato per la finzionalizzazione del contesto storico tipica della scrittura sciasciana.Nel 2015, proprio quarant’anni dopo la pubblicazione dell’opera di Sciascia, Francesca Riccioni e Silvia Rocchi rimettono in questione il contributo scientifico e la scomparsa del fisico siciliano trasponendo la storia di Majorana in un contesto contemporaneo. Sulla scia di Sciascia Riccioni e Rocchi valorizzano la scoperta del fermione, «da subito definito anche “particella fantasma” proprio in riferimento alla difficoltà di registrarne la presenza nello spazio» (citazione tratta dalla quarta di copertina). Nel loro romanzo grafico intitolato Il segreto di Majorana la cosiddetta particella fantasma offre poi la perfetta analogia per rinarrare la scomparsa del suo ideatore. Agli interrogativi di Sciascia Riccioni e Rocchi ci aggiungono altri avanzando la congettura che la scomparsa di Majorana potrebbe diventare il modello per chi vorrebbe cancellare le proprie tracce in un mondo in cui l’interconnettività sembra onnipresente e persistente.Dato questo contesto, il presente contributo si propone di mettere a confronto il testo di partenza sciasciano e l’adattamento grafico di Riccioni e Rocchi. Ci si soffermerà sulla specificità delle strategie narratologiche adoperate per (ri)raccontare l’inchiesta metafisica, quelle letterarie e prettamente multimodali. Tale confronto si incentrerà sulla commistione di materiali storici, sulla tecnica della mise-en-abyme che evidenzia la collaborazione tra scrittore e lettore e sulla spazialità, una «paratopia» che rende il rapporto problematico dei protagonisti con la realtà rimettendo in rilievo l’attualità e la pertinenza dell’approccio sciasciano.
Sciascia e Borgese in quella terra quasi di nessuno
Authors: Bonnet Nicolas
Published: February 2024

Benché Sciascia abbia scoperto Borgese durante l’adolescenza, costui non figurava nel novero dei suoi autori preferiti in gioventù. Riscoperto a metà degli anni Sessanta, Borgese è stato oggetto di un interesse crescente da parte di Sciascia al punto da entrare finalmente nel suo pantheon personale. Il ritratto idealizzato che dipinge di lui in diversi saggi si discosta notevolmente dalla realtà storica e rientra nella mitizzazione dell’uomo e dell’opera. Sciascia attribuisce a Borgese una lucidità superiore e un dono di profezia che si manifesterebbero in modo esemplare nei suoi due capolavori: il romanzo Rubè (1921) e il saggio Golia. Marcia del fascismo (1937). La lettura dei testi, tuttavia, non sempre permette di corroborare una tale interpretazione.
Shimon Ballas, Be-guf rishon [In prima persona]: iniziazione e poetica dell’alterità
Authors: Rossetto Piera
Published: February 2024

Il saggio analizza il testo autobiografico Be-guf rishon [In prima persona] (2009) dell’autore israeliano di origini irachene Shimon Ballas (1930-2019). Intrecciando la lettura dell’autobiografia con alcuni passaggi di un’altra opera di Ballas, la novella Iya (1992), e con riflessioni mutuate dalla tradizione antropologica sui riti di passaggio, l’articolo rintraccia le tappe fondamentali di quella che si può definire una “poetica dell’alterità” che ha caratterizzato il percorso umano e professionale di Ballas.
Equity-Centered and Data-Driven Decision-Making Leadership
Authors: Delgado-Riley Renee J. , Salazar-Montoya LeAnne
Published: February 2024

This chapter examines the critical junction between ‘data-driven' decision-making and ensuring equity-centeredness in the dynamic landscape of higher education today. Leveraging data provides tangible information to transform the organization through vital systemic ways. Using ‘data-driven' decision-making coupled with equity will ensure the organization understands if it is doing the right things for students and allows employees to work more collaboratively with one another. Leaders can help inspire and connect their organization and navigate the unknown.
Nunavik Sentinels: documenting northern insect biodiversity and supporting Indigenous youth leadership through participatory research and education
Authors: Grégoire Taillefer Amélie , Larrivée Maxim , Mlynarek Julia J. , Petawabano Haylee , Giroux Marjolaine
Published: February 2024

There is strong evidence that a biodiversity crisis is underway, fuelled by pollution, climate change, and invasive species. These impacts are especially important in northern Canadian regions. However, insect and other arthropod monitoring in Northern Canada urgently needed for land preservation is lacking. This paper presents the Nunavik Sentinels, a community-based participatory research programme (see definition, Table 1), that is aiming to fill those knowledge gaps while promoting collaboration among all stakeholders (organisations and members of northern communities, and scientists). Nunavik Sentinels is a unique insect-monitoring programme facilitated by the Montréal Insectarium – Espace pour la vie (Montréal, Québec, Canada), making entomology accessible to Indigenous youth by providing them with tools to lead expeditions in unexplored habitats and involving them in data collection. We present how this programme came to existence and its four-pillar framework (i.e., training land camp, summer employment, educational kit, and research). We touch upon how the programme is continually evolving. Finally, we demonstrate the benefits of the programme and how it will help better define the actions to be taken to prepare for future changes in northern biodiversity.
Well Completions Optimization Using Interventionless Packer Setting Device for HPHT Wells
Authors: Robertson Craig , Ab Latif Ahmad Syauki , Lorwongngam Apiwat Ohm , Yusoff Syukur , Scott Barry
Published: February 2024

The current oil and gas sector offers several situations where the operator’s innovation is crucial. The challenges posed by High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) conditions require a different approach to completion design and practices to avoid well-control incidents, operational problems, and achieve full well integrity during its production lifecycle. For this specific project, the operator has also been searching for an alternative solution for their HPHT well that can optimize their rig time by eliminating the slickline plug run. This is due to difficulty experienced setting a slickline plug during previous completion operations. Although there are various technologies for packer setting devices for common wells, there are limited HPHT application products available in the market.

This paper will focus on an Interventionless packer setting device that eliminates intervention while carrying out well completion activities. This setting device is predominantly used for remotely setting a packer and/or enabling tubing pressure tests to be performed during completion deployment which does not require any offshore personnel. The full bore internal diameter (ID) access after opening the valve benefits the operator should they require any post-completion intervention run without limitation to the access in the string. The valve has reduced the rig non-productive time and risks associated with slick line deployments. The valve consists of a multi-cycle feature where a counter module is utilized allowing multiple pressure cycles to be applied without opening the ball. Also, note that the ball pivots to allow the completion string to self-fill while running in hole.

The Interventionless packer setting device comes with an equalization feature. The patented design ensures pressure is fully equalized before opening the ball ensuring maximum reliability. The valve is also highly debris tolerant to provide maximum performance in the harshest of environments.

Case history data will be presented to illustrate the success of the remotely opened packer setting device in North Malay Basin (NMB). This was the first time a HPHT Interventionless Ball Valve had been utilized for this well environment. However, the Interventionless Ball Valve has been used for over 20 wells to date for standard applications at a lower pressure and temperature. The operator has successfully saved 26 hours of rig time by using this valve for the HPHT application which equates to 5% or 26 hours of reduction in completion time and help with cost reduction by 3%.
Implementation of Decision-Making Process Improvement in Oil and Gas Development by A Context-Based Capital Value Process
Authors: Yananto H. , Pinosofa A.
Published: February 2024

The Capital Value Process is a typical business process in the oil and gas industry. Hierarchical and bureaucratic state-owned oil and gas companies make project development business processes take a long time. Long dynamic investment stages sometimes cause long-term oil and gas business development projects to be postponed, resulting in missed early production opportunities and higher capital expenditure. Existing decision-making processes may not consider oil and gas business development initiatives sufficiently, resulting in ambiguity and opposition to investment decisions.

Previous research used a soft system methodology based on action research and system dynamics with contextual-based capital value process results. The suggested conceptual model is designed to improve the decision-making process for upstream business development in state-owned enterprises (SOE). This study will look at the actual decision-making performance compared to the results of previous dynamic modeling simulations. The important conclusion drawn from these results is that delegation of threshold in decision-making at every level improves managerial decision-making.
Successful Decarbonization of Drilling Fluids by Using Highly Efficient Technology and Reduced Chemical Usage, Logistics, and Casing Sections
Authors: Jardinez Gerardo , Villamil Gerardo , Peralta Jose , Balcom Brian , Tiggelaar John
Published: February 2024

In accordance with the industry’s efforts to reduce its carbon footprint in all phases of operation, it has become vital to investigate innovative ways of reducing pollution to acceptable levels and to optimize drilling fluid usage and formulations. As the main us er of chemical products during the drilling phase, the drilling fluid has a significant effect on the carbon footprint, which is exacerbated when drilling fluid losses occur.

An innovative technology has proven to be a very efficient sealant, displacing a number of conventional materials used to reinforce the wellbore while drilling. Thus, the use of calcium carbonate, graphite, Gilsonite, and asphalt, among other products, has been significantly reduced or in some cases, eliminated, from the formulation of specific drilling fluids, due to a technology that provides a thin but highly competent shield that prevents the invasion of fluid and pressure into the formation, thereby expanding the operative window. This technology is used in the drilling fluid, so that every freshly drilled rock is immediately sealed with flexible particles thus preventing the start of fluid invasion and wellbore washout.

This technology enables the operator to reduce not only the amount of chemical products used in the drilling fluid, but also to save casing sections due to the increase in the operative window, prevent drilling fluid loss, reduce land and offshore transportation to the wellsite, and consequently reduce the supply chain process from the original source of the raw materials, manufactured products, to the end users at the rig site.

The average total amount of chemical products utilized per well drilled has decreased by 34%, which has a significant impact on the supply chain, including transportation, associated logistics, and raw materials, among other components.

In addition, each time a casing section is saved, the carbon footprint is lowered, saving casing section (steel production), cementing materials, wireline logging, rig days, logistics, and so on.

This paper will discuss the technological strategy chosen to deploy this sort of technology, the results obtained in terms of operations efficiency, and an estimated calculation of carbon footprint reduction per operation completed.

The materials previously used control potential drilling fluid losses were inflexible and sensitive to shear pressures, such as calcium carbonate, and their size was constantly changing, undermining their ability to form a dependable seal. In contrast, the focus of this research is selecting material that is flexible, making it resistant to shear forces. As it flexes to conform to the size and shape of the pore throat, the elastic capacity mitigates the uncertainties for the best design in a given particle size distribution pore throat.
Successful Deployment of Large Diameter Hybrid Drill Bit with Optimized Drilling Parameters Leads to Breakthrough in Days Saved
Authors: Herron A. , Abdelhamid A. , El-Touny S. A. , Kader M. Abdel , Hassan J. M. , Buloushi Z. A. , Al-Khaldy A.
Published: February 2024

The 22 in. vertical section in south-west Kuwait has traditionally been drilled with tungsten carbide insert (TCI) drill bits on rotary assemblies through limestones, dolomites and anhydrites, and commonly suffer severe or total losses before kickoff point (KOP) is reached. The losses and relatively slow rate of penetration (ROP) that is achieved with TCI drill bits results in high drilling fluid costs and extended periods spent waiting for water in order to build more mud.

The need to reduce flow rates to lower effective circulating density (ECD) renders drilling with a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit on a positive displacement motor (PDM) unrealistic as a method of achieving a higher ROP, and so a Hybrid Drill Bit solution on a rotary assembly was viewed as a means of reducing drilling time through enhanced ROP.

A 22 in. Hybrid Drill Bit was selected to drill the vertical section to KOP on a rotary assembly. The Hybrid Drill Bit drills much faster than a TCI bit but does not generate the high reactive torque levels of a PDC bit, and so can be run without a motor where flow rates are necessarily lower than ideal due to ECD considerations.

In the vertical rotary section of four wells, the Hybrid Drill Bit had an average ROP 300% higher than the average ROP of TCI bits in the field, and the benchmark Hybrid Drill Bit drilled 229% faster than the field TCI benchmark bit, with flow rates reduced as low as 500 gallons per minute with total losses.

These 22 in. bit runs represent the first time Hybrid Bits of this size have been run in west Kuwait and is a novel approach to the drilling challenges in these permeable formations and have delivered substantial savings in section cost.
Model-Based Petroleum Field Management in Three Stages: Life-Cycle, Short-Term, and Real-Time
Authors: Schiozer D. J. , Botechia V. E. , Pires L. C. O.
Published: February 2024

The objective of this work is to present a new practical methodology to manage petroleum fields considering three stages (life-cycle, short-term, and real-time) that can run alongside different model fidelities and characteristics. The model-based field management process follows the general methodology proposed by Schiozer et al. (2019) with four activities: (1) fit-for-purpose models construction, (2) data assimilation for uncertainty reduction, (3) life-cycle production optimization and (4) short-term optimization for real-time implementation. The selection of the production strategy for field management comprehends the last two activities. Life-cycle optimization is the first stage of the process and generates control setpoints for short-term analysis. Short-term optimization is then used to improve the quality of the solutions considering the control parameters of the next cycle (considering a closed-loop procedure). Real-time solution is then implemented considering operational disturbances from real operations. The methodology was applied to a benchmark case (UNISIM-IV-2026) which is a case based on a typical carbonate field from the Brazilian Pre-salt, with light oil and submitted to Water-Alternate-Gas injection with CO2 (WAG-CO2). The results show that the methodology is applicable to real and complex fields. As the three stages can run simultaneously, one can (1) use different model fidelities to improve the quality of the solutions and (2) use model-based solutions for real-time implementation. Life-cycle optimization using complex simulation models and long-term objectives can run in the background to generate control setpoints for short-term analysis in which lower fidelity models and simplified solutions can be used for the control and field revitalization parameters of each closed-loop cycle. Real-time solutions can be implemented considering operational problems and disturbances. This work presents a novel procedure to integrate three stages for production optimization that can run in parallel, allowing the integration of life-cycle and real-time solutions. The methodology (1) allows the use of complex reservoir simulation models from the life-cycle production strategy optimization, (2) focuses short-term control parameters that improve the quality of the short-term solution, and (3) guides real-time implementation, so it can be the basis to a digital field management.
Unlocking the Reservoir Flow Evaluation and Water Saturation in a Low Formation Water Salinity Using Production Logging and Pulsed Neutron Logging While Lifting the Well by Flow Jet Pump in an Oil Well of Wafra Joint Operations
Authors: Al-Jeri Jeri Mufarrej , Ali Abdullah Mousa , Al-Kaabi Hamad Mohammed , Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim , Gobran Mahmoud Hamdy
Published: February 2024

Objectives/Scope

Wafra Joint Operations is a joint venture between Saudi Arabian Chevron and Kuwait Gulf Oil Company. Some of the wells in this area are completed by 7in casing and the artificial lift system is sucker road pumps. There is lack of production logging measurements due to the casing size constraint which is a barrier to use ESP with Y-tool to perform production logging surveys in these wells. Also, the determination of current water saturation behind these wells is challenging due to the low formation water salinity (formation water salinity is 4,000-20,000 ppm). Recently, the water-cut increased in these wells up to 100% and performing production logging is necessary to determine the water production source.

Methods, Procedures, Process

In this case study, Flow Jet pump technology was used to lift the well and perform combination of production logging and pulsed neutron-neutron surveys while flowing conditions as the first time in this area. This combination was successfully used to determine the contribution profile, the source of water production, and the current water saturation.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

The production logging measurements showed that all production is from two perforation segments and water hold-up is 100% across the two fluid entries. Crossflow was observed while shut-in conditions. Also, the pulsed neutron-neutron measurements showed high oil saturation against some of the non-contributing and some of the unperforated intervals. The active perforation intervals have been squeezed by cement, re-perforated some of the non-contributing intervals, and added some of the new intervals based on current saturation profile. The results of this well intervention showed a sudden drop in water-cut from 100% to less than 46% and high oil gain from the well.

Novel/Additive Information

The Flow Jet pump technology enabled the production logging and pulsed neutron-neutron measurements during flowing conditions. This will greatly affect the reservoir management and well-work plans.
Integrated Ensemble-Modeling Study Utilizing Well Surveillance Data and Interpreted Contacts for a Mature Malaysian Oilfield
Authors: Benton P. , Gunarto R. , Yaacob A. A. , Termizi A. , Zainal T. A. T. , Manan W. H. , Soni S. , Musani N. , Ducroux S.
Published: February 2024

The determination of economical sweet spots in a mature thin oil rim reservoir is an arduous task. To improve the chances of operational successes, a surveillance program was put in place for the Seligi field, consisting of the acquisition of data in the wells via static gradient surveys and behind-casing saturation logs. These surveillance data are designed to determine current contacts and this publication discusses their use as objective functions in the integrated uncertainty-centric ensemble-based modeling of the main reservoir J18/20 of this complex field.

The probabilistic approach implemented for the Seligi field relies on building a prior ensemble considering uncertainties in static properties and dynamic parameters. Then, using a Kalman-family algorithm known as Ensemble-Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (ES-MDA), the production data are assimilated and the ensemble converges towards all observed well data, including well logs, while quantifying the uncertainties. In the case of Seligi field contact acquisition program, the available contact data must be converted to water saturation logs and gas saturation logs. In total, 15 water saturation logs and 20 gas saturation logs taken at different times were included in the study.

The ensemble approach allowed a reasonable history-match of the 33 years of production data for all seven groups and over 170 wells after four iterations. It was also able to converge on the historical contacts supplied as objective functions. After review, adjustments were made to further improve the contact matching results on account of fluid allocation issues, especially with respect to the gas injection, and the simulated well control. Finally, 11 out of 100 posterior cases were selected based on their qualitatively superior match to the historical contacts. The ensemble provided a statistical understanding of the contacts presently in the wells and therefore of the location of the remaining mobile oil.

This subset was used to estimate the reserves associated with barrel-adding operational decisions such as idle well reactivations (IWR), workovers. It was also used for the design of infill wells, with a quantification of the subsurface uncertainties that are key to the assessment of the risks. Over 26 IWR opportunities and 10 infill locations were identified from the calibrated realizations. Finally, the ensemble provided some guidance for upcoming surveillance campaigns, to further de-risk these opportunities.

This study demonstrates that time-dependent data, such as contacts acquired with high density logs or electrical behind casing saturation tools, can be used efficiently in the calibration of an ensemble, thereby increasing the representability of the ensemble, the understanding with respect to the remaining oil column and the confidence in the next phases of development.
Prioritisation of Impactful Decarbonisation Programmes Across Existing Assets
Authors: Darrold Lim K. , Ong K. , Prabagar M.
Published: February 2024

As global warming continues to escalate with a potential extreme scenario of temperature rise by 4.5°C by the end of the century (IPCC, 2021), Paris Agreement was set into motion in December 2015 during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris, France to cut global GHG emissions and limit the increase in global temperature to 2°C by the end of this century. Globally, additional efforts are also underway to further limit the increment to 1.5°C. Committed to the Paris Agreement, PETRONAS has charted its Net Zero Carbon Emission 2050 Pathway.

From the PETRONAS’ Net Zero Carbon Emission 2050 Pathway, the company is committed to achieve net zero through its short-, mid- and long-term targets for GHG and methane emissions for Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions reduction (with 2019 as the reference year). Scope 1 emissions are linked directly to the day-to-day asset operations while Scope 2 emissions refers to the consumption of energy in running the operations within the company.

In realising the company's short-term target of capping GHG emissions at 49.5 MtCO₂e for Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions for Malaysia operations by 2024, a new centralised unit called Enterprise Decarbonisation has been formed to intensify and accelerate groupwide efforts. The unit and its collaborators groupwide have been assessing more than 300 decarbonisation ideas and programmes across the Enterprise according to the Decarbonisation Levers of Zero Routine Flaring and Venting, Electrification, Energy Efficiency and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).

The assessment, identification and prioritisation of impactful decarbonisation programmes were conducted via a three-step assessment process with the consideration of several key parameters such as meeting 2024 completion schedule, amount of carbon reduction and feasibility. The assessment provides the identification of approximately 70 impactful decarbonisations efforts for prioritisation out of an inventory of more than 300 programmes and ideas. The outcome of the assessment also provides indication that the most impactful programmes to accelerate decarbonisation efforts in meeting short-term 2024 GHG targets are from the lever of Energy Efficiency which accounts for the majority of the prioritised programme portfolio (68% of prioritised inventory), followed by Zero Routine Flaring and Venting (21% of prioritised inventory). The indications are plausible since the activities involved under both these levers are mostly focusing on operational improvements and minor brownfield modifications that could be completed within a period of 2 years, as compared to a typical Capital project.

To ensure the correct and optimal allocation of the organisation's resources, it is imperative that early analysis and prioritisation are adopted right from the beginning to identify the most impactful programmes as part of the quick-win solutions in meeting short-term targets, within the investment appetite of the organisation.
Experimental Data for Wind Loads on Aframax Tanker, FSO, and FPSO
Authors: Abidin Mohd Hafiz Zainal , Rahman Hirzi Abd
Published: February 2024

The Wind Force coefficients published in OCIMF publication – Prediction of Wind and Current Load on VLCCs (Ref [1]) are widely used in the offshore industry to estimate wind loads acting on vessels. However, it is to be noted that the coefficients were calculated based on a typical VLCC-sized oil tanker. The applicability of the coefficients to different hull sizes and topside configurations may vary. Therefore, this study aims to validate the OCIMF coefficients by performing wind tunnel testing for a typical Aframax-sized tanker. Topside modules are added on the main deck to simulate different floater configurations.
Delving into Artificial Intelligence World: Pioneering Machine Learning Platforms to Predict Reservoir Properties
Authors: Shah J. Mohd , Zulkifli N. F. Mohamad , Fadhil M. I. M. , Sansudin S. , Lee H. Harris , Amin M. F. M.
Published: February 2024

Digitalization is no longer a word or an ambition that stretch far beyond our reach and understanding. The world in fact is rapidly embracing these changes in daily life. This adaptation is also happening in the oil and gas industry. The oil and gas industry has been adapting and adopting digitalization in many aspects such as migrating hard copy data to soft copy, meetings being held online and classes notes available online, just to name a few. One of the activities in oil and gas is acquiring well log data which are well logs and core data to be specific. There are accumulated challenges faced by the petrophysics and other related department regarding these data. One of the challenges is managing the massive well logs data. Well log data is recorded through two type of conveyances which are logging while drilling and wireline logging. There are various types of data recorded to aid the well log interpreter and team understanding about the reservoirs. These data are recorded in different format and handling the mass data has always been an extensive task by itself. Core data on other hand is limited as compared to well log data. This limitation more often than not hindering the process of decoding the unseen subsurface reservoir. Although these data are important for the team, the whopping costs of acquiring them often drives the team to make wise decisions and prioritize on the importance of the data. There is also integrity issue encountered by the current team on the core data quality as the core was obtained few years back. Another challenge that is worth mentioning is the lack of systematic data format, name, and convention for the data. These challenges call on a solution which can effectively utilize artificial intelligence, ERMAI and COREAI which will be introduced in this paper.
Advancing Well Integrity Preservation in Workover Rig Intervention Via Instrumented Coiled Tubing and Through-Tubing Inflatable and Retrievable Packer Deployment: A South Kuwait Case Study
Authors: Chandrakar Yajuvendra Kumar , Al-Sarraf Abdullah , Slama Mohamed Hedi , Al-Ajmi Abdullah , Gupta Pravind , Badrawy Kareem , Sunagatov Rustem , Sebaih Mohannad Adel
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of a pioneering step taken in restoring well integrity for workover rig intervention through the utilization of instrumented coiled tubing (CT) and through-tubing inflatable and retrievable packer (TTIRP) in South Kuwait Field.

In this particular instance, mechanical constraints at the christmas tree tubing hanger hindered the ability of the operator to install the blowout preventer (BOP) of the workover rig through conventional means. As a result, a custom-fit approach was implemented to enable the required number of pressure barriers to intervene the well.

The intervention approach employed the use of instrumented CT for barrier restoration, well killing and temporary well suspension. CT real-time downhole telemetry was utilized to ensure accurate placement and setting of the TTIRP within the production tubing. Once the packer integrity was pressure tested in both directions, CT was disconnected, and a sand plug followed by an acid soluble cement plug were placed on top of the TTIRP. Upon confirmation of cement plug integrity, the workover rig was utilized to install the BOP for intervention. The instrumented CT was then rigged up and run back-in-hole to clear the cement plug, circulate the sand out, and retrieve the TTIRP to the surface.

The candidate well where this innovative intervention workflow was implemented had a maximum potential wellhead pressure of nearly 1,500 psi and a plug-back true depth (PBTD) of 4,000 ft. The well was completed with 3 ½-in. production tubing set close to 3,500 ft MD and 8 5/8-in. casing until PBTD. An e-line through-tubing puncher was carried out in the production tubing before the first CT run to enable circulation of killing fluid. The TTIRP setting depth was conditioned via instrumented CT and high-pressure rotary jetting tool, resulting in a shut-in wellhead pressure near zero psi.

The results of this innovative intervention workflow were substantial, with an estimated saving of 195,000- bbl in deferred production (as the well was shut-in for at least 10 months). The lessons learned from this case study can now serve as a reference for operators in the Middle East with wells that present similar challenges.
Improving Well Productivity Post High-Density Mn3O4/BaSO4-Based Workover Fluids Formation Damage in HPHT Naturally Fractured Carbonate Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Alotaibi Nouf , Lawson-Jack Awoye , Smith Kern , Olaoluwa Salako , Chinea Gonzalo
Published: February 2024

High-density mud is typically considered for use in well kill during workover operations. Weighting agents such as barite (BaSO4) and (Mn3O4) are utilized to weight up drilling fluids during workover operations to provide the high-density requirement to balance the reservoir pressure with a safe margin and prevent unplanned and unwanted flow back of reservoir fluid into the wellbore in high pressure–high temperature (HPHT) naturally fractured carbonate gas reservoirs. However, these kill muds can result in formation damage and reduced well productivity post-workover causing the well to require stimulation treatment to restore its productivity.

Treatment evaluation at the laboratory level was conducted to determine the effectiveness of two fluid recipes: acid- and chelating-based, to remediate formation damage caused by high-density barite (BaSO4) and manganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) weighting materials-based workover fluids.

A commercially available formation damage simulator was utilized to examine the impact of the workover and treatment fluids on reservoir core samples at downhole conditions. X-ray diffraction/X-ray fluorescence (XRD/XRF) analysis and a baseline computerized tomography (CT) scan of the reservoir core plugs were conducted before core flooding. Differential pressures along core samples were measured at controlled flow rates during nitrogen gas flooding before and after the workover (Mn3O4/BaSO4-based) and treatment fluids (acid- and chelating-based systems) application. Darcy's equation was used to calculate return permeability values and core plug CT scans post-floods were used to describe the productivity improvement mechanisms. Before treatment fluid selection for core-floods, the laboratory rock and fluid compatibility testing were conducted.

The laboratory results obtained confirm both the acid- and chelating-based treatment fluids were able to improve the well productivity by fully restoring the core permeability with a negative skin by creating wormholes/pinholes throughout the carbonate core plugs and by dissolving/breaking down the filter cakes. This paper presents a systematic treatment solution formulation and laboratory-based testing of treatment fluid's effectiveness in restoring productivity of Mn3O4 and BaSO4-based workover fluids formation damaged wells.
Implementation of Compact Carbon Capture Modules on Offshore Hydrocarbon Production Facilities
Authors: Tan Jaime HuiChoo , Hassan Rizal Aslan , Cornelis Umberto , Jackson Sabine
Published: February 2024

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) have been successfully implemented onshore by different industries, including utilities and waste treatment, to capture the carbon dioxide (CO2) from the flue gases after the combustion of fossil fuels. To duplicate this success for offshore hydrocarbon processing facilities can be challenging due to the facility deck space constraints and marine environmental conditions. Innovative compact carbon capture modules for gas turbine (GT) exhaust gas CO2 capture have recently been developed taking these constraints into account for applications on large offshore oil and gas facilities such as Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) facilities and Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facilities, as well as relatively smaller fixed-bottom platforms such as Central Production Platforms (CPPs).

This paper describes the design of the compact carbon capture modules including the post-combustion CO2 removal process technology used, for applications on offshore facilities. A carbon capture system which removes CO2 using a proprietary amine-based solvent and absorption technique is powering these compact carbon capture modules. The described carbon capture module design is suitable for applications on new as well as existing offshore facilities. For implementation of the carbon capture modules on typical CPP and FPSO/FLNG facilities, the utility requirements and facility layout design are described in this paper. It is demonstrated that deploying amine-based carbon capture technology offshore is now feasible using these lighter-weight and smaller-footprint carbon capture modules, significantly reducing CO2 emissions from GT power generation systems.
Multiscale Upscaling Study for CO2 Storage in Carbonate Rocks Using Machine Learning and Multiscale Imaging
Authors: Yong Wen Pin , Menke Hannah , Maes Julien , Geiger Sebastian , Bakar Zainol Affendi Abu , Lewis Helen , Buckman Jim , Bonnin Anne , Singh Kamaljit
Published: February 2024

Microporosity is commonly assumed to be non-connected porosity and not commonly studied in geoengineering industry. However, the presence of micropores plays a key role in connecting macropores and it can contribute significantly to the overall flow performance. In this study, targeted CO2 storage carbonate fields in Southeast Asia have significant amounts of microporosity ranging from 10 to 60% of the total measured porosity. Microporosity can only be seen in high resolution images. To study the unresolved and the resolved microporosity, Middle Miocene carbonate samples from CO2 storage candidate fields were scanned using lower resolution micro-computed micro-tomography (micro-CT) and higher resolution synchrotron light source to understand the pore scale structure of the carbonate sample at different length scales. This paper proposes a proof-of-concept upscaling method that integrates multiscale 3D imaging techniques and trendline analysis to establish porosity-permeability relationships with microporosity insight. After image acquisition and processing, the images were divided into smaller sub-volumes. Pore-scale modelling was conducted to predict the permeability using Darcy-Brinkman-Stokes (DBS) model. Then, a nano-scale porosity-permeability transform is generated using natural log trendline fitting based on simulation results. The porosity-permeability transform is further extended to three cases to cover the low case, mid case, and high case of datapoint fittings and is further validated with laboratory measured data. The established porosity-permeability transforms in this study have been applied to compare with petrophysical derived porosity-permeability transforms with better performance (higher R2 value) for low permeability datapoint. The multiscale imaging upscaling workflow has integrated machine learning during image segmentation with pore-scale modelling and trendline fitting during the upscaling study. It emphasises the importance of seeing the unseen (unresolved microporous phase) to understand the internal texture and microstructure of a rock sample in order to understand the connectivity of the overall flow performance in a carbonate rock.
Pilot Tests of Steam Flooding after Cyclic Steam-N2-CO2 Stimulation in Bohai Offshore with Large Well Spacing
Authors: Liu Dong , Liu Zongbin , Pan Guangming , Chen Jianbo , Liao Hui , Li Hao
Published: February 2024

Two challenges confront the development of Bohai heavy oil resources: first is the high development costs, which requires an economic limit production of 100,000 m3 for a single well; in addition, the unfavorable geological conditions, including thin payzones and deep burial, cause serious heat losses and unsatisfactory oil recovery under large well spacings. Therefore, this study aims to solve such technical issues as "efficient production with fewer wells" and "high recovery with large well spacings".

A recovery strategy is developed: improved recovery efficiency during the Cyclic Steam-N2-CO2 Stimulation (CSS) stage, and effective conversion from CSS to steam flooding (SF), and uniform heating the reservoir during the SF stage. This attempts to address the inefficient heating in thin pay zones, lack of experiences on SF-after-CSS with large well spacings, and difficult control of temperature field under irregular well patterns.

Learnings are summarized as following: (1) A new technique, weak gel-gas-chemical agent assisted CSS, is proposed. The co-injection results in relatively higher cycle oil production and smaller steam-oil ratio after multiple cycles. The oil recovery is improved from 23.0% to 32.8%, and return on investment (ROI) from 1:1 to 9:1. (2) The threshold pressure gradient is dynamically characterized for offshore wells with large-well spacings. Quantitative identification for the timing for CSS-to-SF is established on the basis of reservoir temperatures. The threshold well spacing is increased from 80 m to 200-300 m, and the corresponding oil recovery boosted from 32.8% to 43.5%. (3) On the basis of the three-level architecture characterization of meandering river sand body, a method is proposed to adjust the temperature field in the reservoir during the SF stage. It improves the aerial sweep between large-spaced wells from 72% to 87% and the oil recovery from 43.5% to 47.0%. (4) The aforementioned techniques have been applied in NB35 reservoir and obtained success, which achieved an incremental oil production of 38.5×104 t and a recovery degree of 32% in the pilot test area.

The study proved SF as a feasible follow-up process of CSS in offshore heavy oil reservoirs with deep burial, thin pay zones, and large well spacings. It provides great support for the efficient development of Bohai offshore oilfield, as well as a new direction for similar reservoirs in the world.