bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binder Free Modification of Glassy Carbon Electrode by Employing Reduced Graphene Oxide/ZnO Composite for Voltammetric Determination of Certain Nitroaromatics
Authors: Mohammad Akbar , Ahmad Khursheed , Rajak Richa , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: December 2017

Reduced Graphene oxide/ZnO nanoflowers (rGO/ZnO‐NFs) composite has been synthesized in‐situ using asymmetric Zn complex (1) as a single‐source molecular precursor (SSMP) with GO at 150 °C. The rGO/ZnO‐NFs composite was characterized by PXRD, UV‐vis, SEM, EDX mapping, TEM and SAED pattern to confirm its purity and morphology. The rGO/ZnO‐NFs composite shows uniform distribution of nanoflowers on graphene sheets. The modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by drop wise layering of the rGO/ZnO‐NFs composite at the surface of the GCE without using binder. The binder free modified electrode (GCE‐rGO/ZnO) was explored for detection of nitroaromatics such as p‐nitro‐phenol (p‐NP), 2,4‐dinitrophenol (2,4‐DNP), 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (2,4‐DNT) and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (2,4,6‐TNP). The fabricated sensor showed remarkable response for the both toxicants and explosives. The LOD, sensitivity and linear range for the studied toxicants and explosives were found to be in a good range: p‐NP=0.93 μM, 240 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 0.2–0.9 mM; 2,4‐DNP=6.2 μM, 203 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 0.1–0.9 mM; 2,4‐DNT=10 μM, 371 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 0.2–0.9 mM; 2,4,6‐TNP=16 μM, 514 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 0.2–0.9 mM, respectively.
Design of monitoring networks using k‐determinantal point processes
Authors: Casquilho‐Resende C. M. , Le N. D. , Zidek J. V. , Wang Y.
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we introduce a design strategy based on k‐determinantal point processes (k‐DPPs). The k‐DPP design is a flexible design scheme that is able to yield spatially balanced designs while also imposing diversity of the selected locations based on extra sources of information known to be related to the underlying process of interest. The methodology is able to handle both the designing and the redesigning of a monitoring network.

In particular, we discuss how a k‐DPP design can be used as a randomized alternative for the space‐filling designs when the objective is to provide a good spatial coverage of the region of interest. Furthermore, we discuss how the k‐DPP optimal design objective is remarkably similar to that of entropy design for Gaussian fields. Because the optimization for entropy designs is a NP‐hard problem, we explore an approximate solution based on a k‐DPP sampling design strategy. Through a case study of augmentation of a network for monitoring temperatures, we illustrate how a k‐DPP sampling design strategy can yield an approximation for the entropy solution.
Fluid and metal sources of the Changfagou porphyry copper deposit, southern Jilin Province, NE China: Constraints from fluid inclusions and H‐O‐S‐Pb isotope systematics
Authors: Zhang Yong , Xing Shuwen , Song Quanheng , Yu Zhengtao , Liang Shifu
Published: December 2017

The Changfagou copper deposit, a newly discovered porphyry deposit in the southern Jilin Province, NE China, is tectonically located on the northeastern margin of the North China Block. We recognized four types of sulfide‐quartz veins at Changfagou, including quartz–K‐feldspar–magnetite veins (Stage I), quartz–molybdenite–pyrite–chalcopyrite veins (Stage II), quartz–chalcopyrite–pyrite–galena–sphalerite veins (Stage III), and quartz–carbonate veins (Stage IV). Three types of fluid inclusions, including liquid‐rich two‐phase (L‐type), vapour‐rich two‐phase (V‐type), and daughter mineral‐bearing multi–phase (S‐type) inclusions, have been distinguished. The fluid inclusions in the quartz phenocrysts of the ore‐hosting granite porphyry contain liquid‐rich two‐phase, gas‐rich two‐phase, and daughter mineral‐bearing multi‐phase fluid inclusions. Stages I, II, and III quartz contain all types of fluid inclusions, whereas only L‐type inclusions can be observed in Stage IV quartz. The fluid inclusions in the quartz phenocrysts of the granite porphyry yield homogenization temperatures ranging from 282 to 586 °C and salinities ranging from 3.55% to 58.41% NaCl equiv. The fluid inclusions in the quartz of Stages I, II, III, and IV mainly homogenized at temperatures of 290 to 492 °C, 270 to 424 °C, 248 to 398 °C, and 119 to 219 °C, respectively, with salinities of 9.98–50.85 wt.% NaCl equiv, 6.30–46.37 wt.% NaCl equiv, 6.45–35.99 wt.% NaCl equiv, and 6.59–18.04 wt.% NaCl equiv, respectively. The ore–forming fluids of the Changfagou Cu deposit are therefore characterized by their high temperature and high salinity, and they belong to the H2O–NaCl–CO2 system. The δ18Ofluid values of quartz phenocrysts and vein quartz range from −9.97‰ to +6.91‰, and their δDfluid values range from −142‰ to −93‰, indicating that the early‐stage ore‐forming fluids mainly consisted of magmatic water that experienced the input of magmatic and meteoric water during the last stage. The δ34S values of chalcopyrite and molybdenite range from +2.2‰ to +4.3‰, with an average value of +3.17. The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of granite porphyry, arsenopyrite, and pyrite range from 16.672–17.567, 15.516–15.658, and 37.210–38.733, respectively. Both the S and Pb isotopic systems indicate that the ore‐forming materials were derived from mixed mantle and crustal sources. We thus proposed that multiple stages of the boiling of ore‐forming fluid represented the dominant mechanism of the formation of the Changfagou Cu deposit.
Templating Effects in the Dynamic Chemistry of Cucurbiturils and Hemicucurbiturils
Authors: Kaabel Sandra , Aav Riina
Published: December 2017

This review concentrates on the remarkable macrocyclisation chemistry of cucurbituril family members. During a single step in the condensation reaction of cucurbit[6]uril or hemicucurbit[12]uril 24 new C−N bonds are formed. In the case of hemicucurbit[12]uril this leads to the highly efficient formation of a covalently bound chain of 48 atoms. This phenomenon is possible because all cucurbiturils are built up of dynamic covalent acylaminal linkers. Moreover, the reversibility of acylaminal linkages makes the formation of macrocycles susceptible to external stimuli. Influence of the chain‐growth and chain‐cycle equilibrium and the effect of different templates in CB chemistry is discussed. As anions have a pronounced effect on formation of hemicucurbiturils, a comprehensive overview on their role in modifying the solid‐state structures of hemicucurbiturils is given.
Does credit information sharing affect funding cost of banks? Evidence from African banks
Authors: Kusi Baah Aye , Opoku‐Mensah Mary
Published: December 2017

This study takes advantage of the lack of empirical studies on the effect of credit information sharing and funding cost of banks and investigates credit information sharing and bank funding cost in Africa between 2006 and 2012. Employing a two‐step generalized method of moments regression of 233 banks in 17 African countries, the study provides new revelations. The study shows that the quality of credit information shared is key and persistent in reducing funding cost of banks. Again, the study confirms that the coverage of private credit bureaus significantly reduced bank funding cost whereas no such evidence was found for coverage of public credit registries. Further, although the study found evidence to support that the presence of credit information reduces bank funding cost, no evidence was found to support that countries that use both private credit bureaus and public credit registries are able to reduce funding cost of banks in Africa. From these results, it is evident that credit information sharing presence, coverage, and quality reduces funding cost in Africa. For policy recommendations, policymakers and bank boards must team up and set up credit information sharing institutions to help reduce information asymmetry and funding cost in countries that do not share credit information. Also, the introduction and establishment of credit information sharing must be geared towards private bureaus as they are more effective in reducing funding cost of banks. Again, policymakers must enact laws and policies that deepen the coverage, depth, and quality of credit information shared so that the financial sector of Africa countries can realize the full potential of credit information sharing.
High‐speed microscopy for in vivo monitoring of lymph dynamics
Authors: Sarimollaoglu Mustafa , Stolarz Amanda J. , Nedosekin Dmitry A. , Garner Brittney R. , Fletcher Terry W. , Galanzha Ekaterina I. , Rusch Nancy J. , Zharov Vladimir P.
Published: December 2017

The lymphatic system contributes to body homeostasis by clearing fluid, lipids, plasma proteins and immune cells from the interstitial space. Many studies have been performed to understand lymphatic function under normal conditions and during disease. Nevertheless, a further improvement in quantification of lymphatic behavior is needed. Here, we present advanced bright‐field microscopy for in vivo imaging of lymph vessels (LVs) and automated quantification of lymphatic function at a temporal resolution of 2 milliseconds. Full frame videos were compressed and recorded continuously at up to 540 frames per second. A new edge detection algorithm was used to monitor vessel diameter changes across multiple cross sections, while individual cells in the LVs were tracked to estimate flow velocity. The system performance initially was verified in vitro using 6‐ and 10‐μm microspheres as cell phantoms on slides and in 90‐μm diameter tubes at flow velocities up to 4 cm/second. Using an in vivo rat model, we explored the mechanisms of lymphedema after surgical lymphadenectomy of the mesentery. The system revealed reductions of mesenteric LV contraction and flow rate. Thus, the described imaging system may be applicable to the study of lymphatic behavior during therapeutic and surgical interventions, and potentially during lymphatic system diseases.
Autograft immune effector cells and survival in autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Porrata Luis F.
Published: December 2017

In addition to stem cells, T‐cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes are also collected and infused from the autograft in patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Recent reports have shown that these autograft immune effector cells can affect the clinical outcome postautologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this article, I will review the clinical impact on the survival of these autograft immune effector cells conferring the concept of autologous graft versus tumor effect.
Immortalization of canine adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and their seminiferous tubule transplantation
Authors: Fang Jia , Wei Yudong , Teng Xin , Zhao Shanting , Hua Jinlian
Published: December 2017

Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are proven to provide good effects in numerous tissue engineering application and other cell‐based therapies. However, the difficulty in the proliferation of ADSCs, known as the “Hayflick limit” in vitro, limits their clinical application. Here, we immortalized canine ADSCs (cADSCs) with SV40 gene and transplanted them into busulfan‐induced seminiferous tubules of infertile mice. The proliferation of these immortalized cells was improved significantly. Then, cellular differentiation assays showed that the immortalized cADSCs could differentiate into three‐germ‐layer cells, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, adipogenesis phenotypes, and primordial germ cell‐like cells (PGCLCs). In addition, the immortalized cADSCs can proliferate in the busulfan‐induced seminiferous tubules of infertile mice. These findings confirmed that the immortalized cADSCs maintain the criteria of cADSCs.
USPIO‐labeling in M1 and M2‐polarized macrophages: An in vitro study using a clinical magnetic resonance scanner
Authors: Zini Chiara , Venneri Mary A. , Miglietta Selenia , Caruso Damiano , Porta Natale , Isidori Andrea M. , Fiore Daniela , Gianfrilli Daniele , Petrozza Vincenzo , Laghi Andrea
Published: December 2017

Aim of the study was to evaluate USPIO labeling in different macrophage populations using a clinical 3.0T MR unit with optical and electron microscopy as the gold standard. Human monocytic cell line THP‐1 cells were differentiated into macrophages. Afterwards, M0 macrophages were incubated with IL‐4 and IL‐13 in order to obtain M2 polarized macrophages or with IFN‐gamma and LPS for classical macrophage activation (M1). These groups were incubated with USPIO‐MR contrast agent (P904) for 36 hr; M0, M0 + P904, M1 +  P904, and M2 + P904 were analyzed in gel phantoms with a 3.0T MR scanner. m‐RNA of M1 and M2 markers confirmed the polarization of THP‐1‐derived macrophages. M2 + P904 showed a much higher T1 signal (p <  0.0001), a significantly lower (p < 0.0001) T2* signal, and significantly higher R* (p < 0.0001) compared to the other populations. Hystological analysis confirmed higher iron content in the M2‐polarized population compared to both M1‐polarized (p = 0.04) and M0‐P904 (p = 0.003). Ultrastructure analysis demonstrated ubiquitous localization of P904 within the cellular compartments. Our results demonstrate that a selective USPIO‐labeling of different macrophage populations can be detected in vitro using the 3.0T clinical scanner.
Therapeutic potential of porcine bronchoalveolar fluid‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells in a pig model of LPS‐induced ALI
Authors: Khatri Mahesh , Richardson Levi A.
Published: December 2017

In this study, we isolated mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (MSCs) from broncho‐alveolar lavage fluid (BAL) of 2–6‐week‐old commercial pigs. BAL‐MSCs displayed fibroblastic morphology and possessed self‐renewal properties. Similar to bone‐marrow MSCs, BAL‐MSCs expressed mesenchymal markers and both cell types lacked the expression of hematopoetic markers. BAL‐MSCs, when cultured in differentiation induction media, differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Next, we examined if BAL‐MSCs have the ability to treat lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) in a pig model. Five‐week‐old commercial pigs were inoculated intra‐tracheally with E. coli LPS (1 mg/kg body weight [b.wt.]). Twelve hours after the LPS inoculation, groups of pigs were inoculated intra‐tracheally with BM‐MSCs or BAL‐MSCs (2 × 106 cells/kg b.wt.). Forty eight hours after the cells administration pigs were euthanized and neutrophils in BAL, lung lesions, and cytokines in lung lysates, and engraftment of MSCs in lungs were examined. Engraftment of BAL‐MSCs in injured lungs was significantly higher than the BM‐MSCs, however, both cell types were equally effective in attenuating LPS‐induced ALI as evidenced by decreased inflammation, lung lesions, and proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs of pigs treated with BAL‐ or BM‐MSCs. These data in a preclinical large animal model suggest that BAL‐MSCs may be used in clinical settings to treat ALI in humans.
Microwave‐assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Morus nigra leaves: optimization and characterization of the antioxidant activity and phenolic composition
Authors: Radojković Marija , Moreira Manuela M , Soares Cristina , Fátima Barroso M , Cvetanović Aleksandra , Švarc‐Gajić Jaroslava , Morais Simone , Delerue‐Matos Cristina
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Morus nigra (mulberry) fruit has been reported as a source of bioactive compounds, although information about their leaves is very limited. Usually, they are considered wastes and have been traditionally used only for tea preparation. The main objective of this work was to explore the valorization of mulberry leaves by polyphenols microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) and characterization of their antioxidant activity and phenolic composition. A 23 factorial design combined with response surface methodology were applied to characterize the effect of main microwave parameters on total phenolic content (TPC).

RESULTS

The optimized MAE conditions were 20 mL of ethanol:water (1:1; v/v), 120 °C, 28 min, 0.414 g and medium stirring speed. Under these conditions, TPC was 19.7 ± 2.0 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g‐1 dry plant (DP), and antioxidant activity was 15.3 ± 1.0 mg ascorbic acid (AA) g‐1 DP (ferric reduction activity power –FRAP– assay), 18.6 ± 1.3 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) g‐1 DP (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl –DPPH– assay) and 186 ± 15 mg TE g‐1 DP (oxygen radical absorbance capacity –ORAC– assay). When compared with ultrasound extraction and Pharmacopeia reference method, MAE was more efficient, representing a valuable technology. Of the 13 compounds identified by HPLC, the most abundant were rutin, chlorogenic, β‐resorcylic and caffeic acids.

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that mulberry leaves are of potential interest for agro‐food industries as a new source of natural antioxidants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Comments on Where the Creativity Research Has Been and Where Is It Going
Authors: Runco Mark A.
Published: December 2017

This Commentary examines where the creativity research has been and where it is going. They key points include evolving definitions of creativity, interdisciplinarity in the creativity research, divergent thinking as a reliable index of creative potential, improvements in testing, the impact of technology, the inclusion of political, moral, and everyday creativity in the research, the use of semantic networks and conceptual maps, the creative economy, and the need to extricate personal creativity from social recognition.
Building Institutions for the Next 50 Years of Creativity Research
Authors: Silvia Paul J.
Published: December 2017

The Journal of Creative Behavior's remarkable half‐century is a good occasion for reflecting on the role of a scholarly field's institutions in fostering creative work. In creativity studies, some of our institutions are flourishing, particularly our many excellent peer‐reviewed journals. But we face some institutional challenges that will require some creative solutions from creativity researchers. This article considers three challenges: (a) how to train and place the next generation of scholars when so few creativity researchers work at doctoral‐level graduate programs; (b) how to tighten the field's social network by bringing together people from different subfields and career stages in face‐to‐face gatherings; and (c) how to identify and develop the leadership needed to manage our scholarly organizations.
A Culture‐Inclusive, Socially Engaged Agenda for Creativity Research
Authors: Glăveanu Vlad Petre
Published: December 2017

The 50 years anniversary of The Journal of Creative Behavior offers a festive occasion to reflect on the recent history of the field as well as look toward its future. From the standpoint of sociocultural psychology, I celebrate the growing importance of society and culture within creativity research. However, I also note an important distinction between “social inside” and “social outside” approaches. A truly culture‐inclusive field would go beyond the view of culture as “container” and explore the ways in which sociocultural contexts actively participate in creativity. At the same time, it would examine how creative action, in turn, shapes society and culture, particularly at times of growing intolerance, nationalism, and inequality. A socially engaged agenda for creativity research is timely both conceptually and practically. Taken together, these two pillars could not only advance but also fundamentally transform our field, carrying it for the next 50 years and beyond.
In Pursuit of Everyday Creativity
Authors: Amabile Teresa M.
Published: December 2017

Creativity researchers have long paid careful attention to individual creativity, beginning with studies of well‐known geniuses, and expanding to personality, biographical, cognitive, and social‐psychological studies of individual creative behavior. Little is known, however, about the everyday psychological experience and associated creative behavior in the life and work of ordinary individuals. Yet evidence is mounting that such individuals can be responsible for important instances of creativity and innovation in the world: open innovation, user innovation, and citizen innovation. Research into this phenomenon could do much to advance the study and practice of creativity.
Creativity and the Genome: The State of Affairs
Authors: Grigorenko Elena L.
Published: December 2017

This essay is focused on the research into the genetic etiology of creativity and related processes. In an attempt to identify the most salient points of this research, the article provides a brief overview of quantitative‐genetic (family and twin) and molecular‐genetic (candidate‐gene and whole‐genome) studies of creativity. To conclude, the essay formulates a future agenda for this subfield of scientific inquiry into creativity.
From the Dawn of Humanity to the 21st Century: Creativity as an Enduring Survival Skill
Authors: Puccio Gerard J.
Published: December 2017

While the scientific investigation into creativity is a recent phenomenon, creative thinking has always been a crucial feature of humanity. The ability to creatively solve problems enabled early humans to survive and laid the foundation for the creative imagination that has resulted in our modern society. While most humans no longer face physical threats, life and work in the 21st century demands heightened creativity skills. To meet these demands, educational practices must leverage the insights and strategies gained through research into the trainability of creative thinking.
Lessons in adapting to change from Questar
Authors: Simon Andrea J.
Published: December 2017

The ability to quickly adapt to change can mean the difference between success and ruin. In 40 years, Questar Assessment, Inc., an innovative startup founded by three entrepreneurs, grew to become the fifth‐largest company in the K‐12 summative assessment space, serving numerous state departments of education and school districts across the United States before being sold for $127.5 million in 2017. Faced with the need to change in order to keep up with regulatory, educational, social, and technological developments, Questar's leaders continually transformed the company, including its processes, talent pool, and culture, to enable it to thrive.
How grinding level and brewing method (Espresso, American, Turkish) could affect the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds in a coffee cup
Authors: Derossi Antonio , Ricci Ilde , Caporizzi Rossella , Fiore Anna , Severini Carla
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Depending on geographical origin and cultural traditions, different brewing procedures are used all over the world to prepare a cup of coffee. In this work, we explored how three grinding levels of coffee powder and three coffee preparation methods – filtration (American), boiling (Turkish) and extraction under pressure (Espresso) – affect healthy compounds and physicochemical attributes in coffee served to consumers.

RESULTS

Grinding level slightly affected the quality of coffee, whereas the preparation method significantly influenced all in‐cup attributes. When the content per cup was compared, the American coffee presented higher values of antioxidant activity and total phenol content than espresso and Turkish coffees. Caffeine content was 316, 112 and 64 mg for the American, Turkish and espresso coffee cup, respectively.

CONCLUSION

One American, three Turkish and five Espresso coffee cups contain similar amount of caffeine of 316, 336 and 320 mg, respectively which are below the maximum daily consumption (400 mg per day) suggested by the European Food Safety Authority. The extraction method affects the intake of bioactive and antioxidant substances with specific properties. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Transparency and choice in learning healthcare systems
Authors: Botkin Jeffrey R.
Published: December 2017

Learning healthcare systems rely on potentially sensitive data and biospecimens from patients who typically have no knowledge of secondary uses of these resources for research. While this failure to inform patients of these practices is consistent with human subject regulations for research, these practices risk controversy and a loss of trust in the integrity of healthcare institutions. This article reviews recent controversies in this domain and argues for new institutional practices that entail patient education about secondary uses of data and biospecimens and the opportunity for patient choice in the form of an opt‐out system. This approach would enhance transparency and reduce the risk of a loss of public trust in the research enterprise.
Coding with canonical functions
Authors: Larson Paul B. , Shelah Saharon
Published: December 2017

A function f from ω1 to the ordinals is called a canonical function for an ordinal α if f represents α in any generic ultrapower induced by forcing with . We introduce here a method for coding sets of ordinals using canonical functions from ω1 to ω1. Combining this approach with arguments from , we show, assuming the Continuum Hypothesis, that for each cardinal κ there is a forcing construction preserving cardinalities and cofinalities forcing that every subset of κ is an element of the inner model .
Reconstruction of a large full‐thickness abdominal wall defect with flow‐through‐based alt flaps: A case report
Authors: Kim Dong Yeon , Lee Junho , Kim Jeong Tae , Chang Hye Kyung , Moon Suk‐Ho
Published: December 2017

An extensive 35 × 20 cm sized full‐thickness abdominal wall defect was created after resection of aggressive abdominal fibromatosis in a 19‐year‐old male patient. Immediate reconstruction was not possible due to prolonged operation time and resulting severe bowel edema. A silicone sheet with NPWT was applied over the exposed viscera. After 1 week, silicone sheet was substituted with a composite mesh. Then, abdominal wall reconstruction with bilateral free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps (30 × 12 cm and 25 × 12 cm sized) was performed. Since there was only a single reliable recipient vessel available, we linked 2 ALT free flaps sequentially in a flow‐through fashion to the left inferior epigastric artery and vein. Two donor sites were closed primarily. The flap fully survived and the defect was covered successfully without any complication for 11 months of follow up. Multiple flaps may be needed for large full‐thickness abdominal wall defect coverage. Linked fasciocutaneous free flaps could be a solution with a less donor site morbidity even in the case of limited available recipient vessels. The purpose of this study is to introduce our experience of extensive full‐thickness abdominal wall reconstruction using only ipsilateral deep inferior epigastric vessels.
Highly accurate algorithms endowing with boundary functions for solving a nonlinear beam equation involving an integral term
Authors: Liu Chein‐Shan , Li Botong
Published: December 2017

In this paper, the problem of a nonlinear beam equation involving an integral term of the deformation energy, which is unknown before the solution, under different boundary conditions with simply supported, 2‐end fixed, and cantilevered is investigated. We transform the governing equation into an integral equation and then solve it by using the sinusoidal functions, which are chosen both as the test functions and the bases of numerical solution. Because of the orthogonality of the sinusoidal functions, we can find the expansion coefficients of the numerical solution that are given in closed form by using the Drazin inversion formula. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of fourth‐order and fifth‐order boundary functions in the solution bases, which can greatly raise the accuracy over 4 orders than that using the partial boundary functions. The iterative algorithms converge very fast to find the highly accurate numerical solutions of the nonlinear beam equation, which are confirmed by 6 numerical examples.
Real‐time homonuclear broadband decoupled pure shift COSY
Authors: Kakita Veera Mohana Rao , Bharatam Jagadeesh
Published: December 2017

The present manuscript reports development and applications of real‐time homonuclear broadband decoupled pure shift version of in‐phase zero‐quantum filtered COSY (PS‐IPZF‐COSY) and clean in‐phase COSY (PS‐CLIP‐COSY) pulse schemes. In contrast to the conventional COSY schemes, these pure shift versions provide enhanced spectral resolution and simplify the chemical shift correlation analysis of scalar coupled spins in complex organic molecules, which are exemplified for erythromycin A, estradiol, and a mixture of estradiol and testosterone.
Orchestrated approaches using pure shift NMR: Extraction of spectral parameters, ultra‐high resolution, and sensitivity enhancement
Authors: Mishra Sandeep Kumar , Suryaprakash N.
Published: December 2017

The limited chemical shift range of protons and pairwise interaction among all the abundant nuclear spins of a molecule makes 1H spectrum too complicated. As a consequence, the straightforward analysis and the accurate extraction of their interaction strengths from the 1H spectrum of a complex spin system are formidably difficult or often impossible. This problem persists in the determination of scalar couplings be it between two abundant homonuclear spins or between 1H and an abundant heteronuclear spin (viz., 19F and 31P). Such problems are encountered in many situations where the determination of homonuclear and heteronuclear couplings is challenging. The several pure shift based one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional NMR strategies recently developed in our laboratory for the straightforward extraction of homonuclear and heteronuclear interaction parameters in diverse situations are discussed. Initially, the unique application of pure shift technique that paves the way for easy and straightforward extraction of magnitudes of heteronuclear couplings, namely, nJHX (where X stands for 19F, 31P, etc.), is discussed. Subsequently, several pure shift edited one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional NMR strategies that are developed for the direct extraction of homonuclear and heteronuclear couplings and for achieving ultra‐high‐resolved 1H spectra with complete eradication of zero frequency peaks and the evolution of unwanted couplings. The enhancement in the sensitivity has also been achieved in the slice‐selective pure shift experiments by the rapid acquisition of proton spectrum where the polarization from the adjacent protons is transferred to the selectively excited proton.
EBV‐encoded miRNAs target ATM‐mediated response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lung Raymond W‐M , Hau Pok‐Man , Yu Ken H‐O , Yip Kevin Y , Tong Joanna H‐M , Chak Wing‐Po , Chan Anthony W‐H , Lam Ka‐Hei , Lo Angela Kwok‐Fung , Tin Edith K‐Y , Chau Shuk‐Ling , Pang Jesse C‐S , Kwan Johnny S‐H , Busson Pierre , Young Lawrence S , Yap Lee‐Fah , Tsao Sai‐Wah , To Ka‐Fai , Lo Kwok‐Wai
Published: December 2017

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive epithelial malignancy that is prevalent in southern China and Southeast Asia. It is consistently associated with latent Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. In NPC, miR‐BARTs, the EBV‐encoded miRNAs derived from BamH1‐A rightward transcripts, are abundantly expressed and contribute to cancer development by targeting various cellular and viral genes. In this study, we establish a comprehensive transcriptional profile of EBV‐encoded miRNAs in a panel of NPC patient‐derived xenografts and an EBV‐positive NPC cell line by small RNA sequencing. Among the 40 miR‐BARTs, predominant expression of 22 miRNAs was consistently detected in these tumors. Among the abundantly expressed EBV‐miRNAs, BART5‐5p, BART7‐3p, BART9‐3p, and BART14‐3p could negatively regulate the expression of a key DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair gene, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), by binding to multiple sites on its 3'‐UTR. Notably, the expression of these four miR‐BARTs represented more than 10% of all EBV‐encoded miRNAs in tumor cells, while downregulation of ATM expression was commonly detected in all of our tested sequenced samples. In addition, downregulation of ATM was also observed in primary NPC tissues in both qRT‐PCR (16 NP and 45 NPC cases) and immunohistochemical staining (35 NP and 46 NPC cases) analysis. Modulation of ATM expression by BART5‐5p, BART7‐3p, BART9‐3p, and BART14‐3p was demonstrated in the transient transfection assays. These findings suggest that EBV uses miRNA machinery as a key mechanism to control the ATM signaling pathway in NPC cells. By suppressing these endogenous miR‐BARTs in EBV‐positive NPC cells, we further demonstrated the novel function of miR‐BARTs in inhibiting Zta‐induced lytic reactivation. These findings imply that the four viral miRNAs work co‐operatively to modulate ATM activity in response to DNA damage and to maintain viral latency, contributing to the tumorigenesis of NPC. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Audiological monitoring in Swiss childhood cancer patients
Authors: Weiss Annette , Kuonen Rahel , Brockmeier Hanna , Grotzer Michael , Candreia Claudia , Maire Raphael , Senn Pascal , Stieger Christof , Rosenfeld Jochen , Veraguth Dorothe , Kompis Martin , Scheinemann Katrin , Kuehni Claudia E. ,   Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group (SPOG)
Published: December 2017

Background

Full audiological monitoring is the best strategy to detect hearing loss early and to provide timely intervention in the absence of a clinical method of otoprotection. Full monitoring requires audiological evaluation before, and then during and after ototoxic cancer treatment. In a worldwide context of monitoring protocols that vary substantially, we analyzed the audiological monitoring of childhood cancer patients over the last decade across treatment centers in Switzerland.

Procedure

We retrospectively searched for audiological evaluations in all nine Swiss Pediatric Oncology Centers. We analyzed proportions of patients who had audiological monitoring and described type and timing of monitoring. We determined predictors of audiological monitoring using multivariable logistic regression and described time trends.

Results

We included 185 patients from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry diagnosed from 2005 to 2013 who had platinum chemotherapy and/or cranial radiation ≥30 Gray and who were alive at time of study. Less than half of children, 43%, had full audiological monitoring (before, during, and after treatment), while 72% were tested after cancer treatment. Nonstudy patients were less likely to have had monitoring in all phases of cancer treatment. Patients who received treatment with cisplatin or both platinum chemotherapy and cranial radiation were more likely to have had monitoring after treatment. Monitoring during and after treatment increased over the study period, but monitoring before treatment was insufficient in all time periods.

Conclusions

Our population‐based study indicates that audiological monitoring is insufficient in Switzerland, particularly for nonstudy patients. Clinicians must become more aware of the importance of full audiological monitoring.
Influence of external and self‐emulsifying sizing agent on the properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites
Authors: Xu Ruijie , Luo Yuancong , Zhang Feng , Zhang Xiaoqing , Lei Caihong
Published: December 2017

Improving the interfacial adhesion is indispensable for carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide (PA) composites. An external emulsion sizing agent based on epoxy resin and an anionic self‐emulsifying sizing agent by introducing p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into epoxy resin and neutralizing with triethanolamine were prepared, respectively. It was found that the self‐emulsifying agent showed the benefit on reducing the hairiness of CF, which was pronouncedly decreased from 47.4 to 7.7 mg. The tensile strength of corresponding PA composite was improved from 148.3 to 186.3 MPa, while the notched impact strength was increased from 7.7 to 13.7 KN/m2, compared with that of unsized CF reinforced composite. The self‐emulsifying sizing agent exhibited higher interfacial adhesion between CF and PA matrix than the external emulsion, due to the hydrogen bond between the NH group in PABA and CO group in PA. The combination of physical adsorption and chemical bond of the self‐emulsifying sizing agent resulted in the improvement of mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:514–522, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Linking individual‐level data on diagnoses and dispensing for research on antibiotic use: Evaluation of a novel data source from English secondary care
Authors: Rockenschaub Patrick , Ansell David , Shallcross Laura
Published: December 2017

Purpose

There has been a focus on stewardship programmes to curb inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and reduce antimicrobial resistance. In‐hospital, patient‐level prescribing linked to indication is needed to support surveillance, evaluation of stewardship initiatives, as well as other antibiotic research. We evaluated whether a novel dataset linking hospital pharmacy records to Hospital Episode Statistics data can be used for antibiotic research.

Methods

Using the Hospital Treatment Insights (HTI) database, which links Hospital Episode Statistics to pharmacy records from 43 out of 153 hospital trusts in England, we estimated the proportion of missed linkage and identified characteristics associated with missing data.

Results

Linkage of antibiotics to patients was inconsistent and dependent on drug type and clinical setting, so that linkage for some specific antibiotics was high (80–100%), but overall, only 27.6% (CI: 27.4%–27.8%) for all antibiotics dispensed. Linkage was best for quinolones (62.6%; CI: 61.8%–63.8%), but only 21.1% (CI: 21.1%–21.2%) for penicillins. Linkage was lower for common antibiotics and in emergency departments; however, 80% linkage was achieved for individual drugs like clindamycin, especially on wards with reduced ward stock use.

Conclusions

For those antibiotics with high linkage, HTI might be used to study associations between indication, dispensing, and outcomes. However, the majority of common antibiotics had insufficient linkage, likely due to extensive use of ward stocks. Therefore, HTI in its current form is not suitable for general antibiotic surveillance or evaluation of stewardship initiatives. For drugs in HTI other than antibiotics, linkage should be similarly evaluated before a study is conducted.
Relation of social constraints on disclosure to adjustment among Chinese American cancer survivors: A multiprocesses approach
Authors: Wong Celia C.Y. , Warmoth Krystal , Ivy Shelby , Cheung Bernice , Lu Qian
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The present study examines the association between social constraints and depressive symptoms among Chinese American breast cancer survivors, and the mechanism underling this association. A multiprocesses model is tested to examine the mediating roles of ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE), avoidance, intrusive thoughts, and social support in the association between social constraints and depressive symptoms among Chinese American breast cancer survivors.

Methods

Ninety‐six Chinese American breast cancer survivors were recruited from Chinese community organizations. They were asked to complete a questionnaire package that assessed social constraints, AEE, avoidance, intrusive thoughts, social support, depressive symptoms, and demographic information. Path analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized model.

Results

The overall and specific indirect effects of social constraints on depressive symptoms through AEE, avoidance, intrusive thoughts, and social support are significant. When the mediators are controlled for, the direct effect of social constraints on depressive symptoms is no longer significant.

Conclusions

A multiprocesses model of social constraints and depressive symptoms is tested in a sample of Chinese American breast cancer survivors. The findings suggest that the existence of multiple pathways through which social constraints may associate with depressive symptoms among Chinese American breast cancer survivors.
Prevalence estimation when disease status is verified only among test positives: Applications in HIV screening programs
Authors: G. Thomas Emma , B. Peskoe Sarah , Spiegelman Donna
Published: December 2017

The first goal of the United Nations' 90–90–90 HIV/AIDS elimination strategy is to ensure that, by 2020, 90% of HIV‐positive people know their HIV status. Estimating the prevalence of HIV among people eligible for screening allows assessment of the number of additional cases that might be diagnosed through continued screening efforts in this group. Here, we present methods for estimating prevalence when HIV status is verified by a gold standard only among those who test positive on an initial, imperfect screening test with known sensitivity and specificity. We develop maximum likelihood estimators and asymptotic confidence intervals for use in 2 scenarios: when the total number of test negatives is known (Scenario 1) and unknown (Scenario 2). We derive Bayesian prevalence estimators to account for non‐negligible uncertainty in previous estimates of the sensitivity and specificity. The Scenario 1 estimator consistently outperformed the Scenario 2 estimator in simulations, demonstrating the use of recording the number of test negatives in public health screening programs. For less accurate tests (sensitivity and specificity < 90%), the performance of the 2 estimators was comparable, suggesting that, under these circumstances, prevalence can still be estimated with adequate precision when the number of test negatives is unknown. However, use of the Bayesian approach to account for uncertainty in the sensitivity and specificity is especially recommended for the Scenario 2 estimator, which was particularly sensitive to misspecification of these values. R code for implementing these methods is available at hsph.harvard.edu/donna‐spiegelman/software.
Catalyst Free Synthesis of Bis(Indolyl)Methanes and 3,3‐Bis(Indolyl)oxindoles in Aqueous Ethyl Lactate
Authors: Gao Ge , Han Yi , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: December 2017

A highly efficient and environmentally friendly approach has been reported for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes and 3,3‐bis(indolyl)oxindoles by reacting of indoles with aldehydes or isatins in water‐ethyl lactate under ultrasound irradiation. This protocol presents the benefits of catalyst‐free, operational simplicity, short reaction time, high product yield, broad substrate scope and applicability for large‐scale synthesis.
Intercellular Transfer of Microvesicles from Young Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Rejuvenates Aged Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Kulkarni Rohan , Bajaj Manmohan , Ghode Suprita , Jalnapurkar Sapana , Limaye Lalita , Kale Vaijayanti P.
Published: December 2017

Donor age is one of the major concerns in bone marrow transplantation, as the aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) fail to engraft efficiently. Here, using murine system, we show that a brief interaction of aged HSCs with young mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) rejuvenates them and restores their functionality via inter-cellular transfer of microvesicles (MVs) containing autophagy-related mRNAs. Importantly, we show that MSCs gain activated AKT signaling as a function of aging. Activated AKT reduces the levels of autophagy-related mRNAs in their MVs, and partitions miR-17 and miR-34a into their exosomes, which upon transfer into HSCs downregulate their autophagy-inducing mRNAs. Our data identify previously unknown mechanisms operative in the niche-mediated aging of HSCs. Inhibition of AKT in aged MSCs increases the levels of autophagy-related mRNAs in their MVs and reduces the levels of miR-17 and miR-34a in their exosomes. Interestingly, transplantation experiments showed that the rejuvenating power of these “rescued” MVs is even better than that of the young MVs. We demonstrate that such ex vivo rejuvenation of aged HSCs could expand donor cohort and improve transplantation efficacy.
The cyclic performance of reinforced concrete columns using the lap‐spliced crosstie and lap‐spliced inner hoop
Authors: Lee Tai‐Kuang , Chen Cheng‐Cheng , Zhan Kai‐Shen
Published: December 2017

A lap‐spliced crosstie consists of two J‐shaped steel bars (rebars) that have a straight end and an end featuring a 180° hook. A lap‐spliced inner hoop is the lap splice of two U‐bars. In this study, cyclic load test was conducted on four large‐sized reinforced concrete (RC) columns to investigate the cyclic performance of RC columns comprising lap‐spliced crossties and lap‐spliced inner hoops. The research results are presented as follows: (a) The ductility of the specimens that adopted the lap‐spliced crossties and lap‐spliced inner hoops was significantly superior to that of the specimens using conventional crossties and crossties featuring a 180° hook on the two ends. (b) The use of the lap‐spliced crossties and lap‐spliced inner hoops may significantly improve the constructability of crossties over the conventional crossties; however, the amount of transverse reinforcement used is most likely to increase. (c) The lap‐spliced crosstie and lap‐spliced inner hoop were formed on the basis of the tension lap splice of rebars. Therefore, column size has to be large enough to meet the minimum requirement for tension lap splice of rebars when lap‐spliced crosstie or lap‐spliced inner hoop is to be used.
Application of Otolith Chemistry to Investigate the Origin and State‐Straying of Steelhead in Lake Erie Tributaries
Authors: Budnik Richard R. , Boehler Christopher T. , Gagnon Joel E. , Farver John R. , Miner Jeffrey G.
Published: December 2017

In Lake Erie, the fishery for steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss is overwhelmingly dominated by stocking from state agencies in Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Managers that stock steelhead may become concerned if a sizeable portion of the fish they stock do not return to the waters in which they were released and instead stray to other states (“state‐straying”). During fall 2009, spring 2010, and spring and fall 2015, we evaluated the origin and state‐straying of adult steelhead in five annually stocked tributaries of Lake Erie. We also investigated spatial differences in the origin and state‐straying of adult steelhead at different stream locations in two tributaries during 2015. Otolith chemistry signatures were first used to discriminate among yearling steelhead from each of the state hatcheries that stock Lake Erie and wild juveniles from Cattaraugus Creek, New York, and the Grand River, Ontario, resulting in a mean jackknifed classification accuracy of 88% (range = 72–100%). Otolith chemistry analysis was then performed on unknown‐origin adult steelhead collected in Lake Erie tributaries during the fall and spring spawning runs, and natal sources were identified by using source‐specific otolith chemical signatures. State‐strays averaged 46% (range = 13–88%) of the adult fish collected, and high percentages of strays were identified in Chautauqua Creek, New York (72%), and Cattaraugus Creek (88%). Steelhead collections in these New York tributaries during a second year revealed that the percentage of strays present was consistently high, and large proportions of strays were identified in both upstream and downstream locations. These results suggest that state‐straying is widespread in Lake Erie tributaries and that strays make up a large proportion of New York's Lake Erie tributary fishery. Strategies to reduce straying may include practicing upstream releases and reducing the number of hatchery fish that are released in some states.