bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Systems for Active Noise Control Within Aircraft Cabins
Authors: Venkatesh Vishaal
Published: June 2024

Developing an active noise control mechanism is an primary factor to improving passenger noise comfort within aircraft cabins. The purpose of this work is to develop intelligent sub-systems for an active noise control system, the three major systems of focus are head tracking system, speaker motion system, and integrated system. The three systems are individually assessed through established validation tests that evaluate the performance of the elements within the systems, the major components considered mainly correspond to the dynamic nature of the passengers and cabin environment. An AI-based head tracking system is tested for robustness through detailed accuracy tests, additionally, various cabin-based elements have been considered. The impact of the speaker motion system under dynamic head movements is developed through a data-driven approach, which creates a Zone Of Quiet map around the passenger's ears. The integrated system is developed through a hybrid model, that develops geometric relationships and an optimal control strategy that ensures a Zone Of Quiet exists around passenger's ears. Lastly, all the systems have been tested on real cabin environment, to attain a realistic understanding of the systems' performance which effectively builds an understanding of the overall active noise control system with the integration of the individual system mechanisms.
Dynamic Negotiations in Architecture
Authors: Garg Kavita
Published: June 2024

Post-colonial living in India's dynamic urban-scape is a negotiated living. The negotiations express multiplicity, create space for hybridization and expose hegemony. Hegemonic expression of homogenization collapse variables in a singular unit, but hybridity produces variable knowledge through simple inversion of binaries. The multiplicity of dynamic negotiations creates grounds for exerting agency and expressing identity. Through the lens of architecture, negotiations are simulated by using processes of drawing and making. These simulations, at both micro and macro scale, transpire in different directions, generating a platform for realizations, actuating human reflexivity, and discovering knowledge embedded in intuition. By exploring the dynamisms of negotiations through making and drawing, a renewed understanding of architecture is formed, helping one revisit the processes by which architecture is produced.
Growing Architecture From Wood and Mycelium
Authors: Steriotis Stephanie
Published: June 2024

Increasing demand for sustainable building materials must now be part of the radical change needed to achieve an ecological architecture. Living materials, such as mycelium, have played a central role in the paradigm shift towards climate resiliency. By harnessing the power of biological growth and translating it into a sustainable building material, it presents an alternative to carbon-intensive material economies. The tension between mycelium's growth patterns and the architect's design agency invites nature to act as a design partner in creating an architectural scaffold made from wood and mycelium. Therefore, this research explores both a design that responds to mycelium's growth properties and the organism's structural properties. 3D printing wood scaffolds allows for design complexity and the orchestration of fungal growth. Using digital fabrication and mycelium, this research explores what design as a host for growth looks like and how it can reframe the discourse on sustainability to work symbiotically with nature.
A New Approach Towards Non-Invasive Cancer Diagnostics – Discerning Cancer Stem Cell Signatures in Blood with Self-Functionalized Quantum Sensor Probes
Authors: Haldavnekar Rupa
Published: June 2024

This dissertation describes the development of liquid biopsy using the signals of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in blood as a standalone diagnostic modality. Considering the complexity of cancer, it is necessary to capture the tumour-heterogeneity for robust diagnosis. Current state of the art with non-invasive methods relying on imaging has many limitations such as low sensitivity, inability to identify recurrent tumor or discrimination between primary or metastatic tumors. Since imaging-based diagnosis fails to provide sufficient specificity, tissue biopsyremainstobe thegoldstandardfordefinitive diagnosis. However, tissuebiopsyishighlyinvasive and can only provide a snapshot of the tumor, failing to capture the dynamic tumor landscape. Therefore, new tools are urgently required for accurate tracking of tumor dynamics to enhance cancer prognosis. Liquidbiopsy (LB) can serve as a routine, minimally invasive clinical tool for accurate diagnosis of cancer. Although, the circulating biomarkers in LB better represent the tumor heterogeneity, while being economical and easily applicable in clinical setting for practical patient care; existing LB faces many challenges with pre-analytical preprocessing of biomarkers resulting in biomarker degradation, poor diagnostic accuracy, and long turnaround time. To overcome the existing barriers of LB, I have developed an ultrasensitive sensor for the detection of rare signals of CSC associated bioactive material in circulation. I initiated this research by design and optimization of miniature sized (sub 10 nm) probes for in-vitro biological applications. Next, I employed CSCs-based diagnostic approach because CSCs demonstrate unique characteristics such as self-renewal, tumor initiation, differentiation, and propagation. Prediction of CSC fate by revealing the trajectory of cancer prognosis was undertaken for the first time. Lastly, I demonstrated that the probes, were capable of detection of cancer directly from plasma without extraction or purification of biomarkers. The simplicity of sample processing retainsthe authenticityofcirculatingtumor content,minimizing the source oferrors.The quantum probe platform can provide results in about 60 minutes after blood withdrawal from patients. This diagnostic modality was validated with conventional assays. In this dissertation, CSC associated circulating biomarkers for liquid biopsy are developed,advancing the modality towardsclinical translation.
Rhythm as the Word: African Musical Tradition in the Digital World
Authors: Kimonyo Nganji
Published: June 2024

Music has been part of human life for millennia and was initially a fleeting experience that could only be experienced in the moment, but starting in the late 1990s to early 2000s with the development of file sharing platforms such as Napster, music has increasingly been consumed through digital service providers (DSPs) or streaming services such as Spotify. Prior to the era of streaming, musical containers such as phonographs, vinyls, cassettes and CDs made it possible to package, purchase and own music. However, streaming has made music an infinitely playable commodity which we no longer own but rather pay to gain access to. The change from music consumption to musical containers and eventually streaming from its ephemeral beginnings, is relatively new in the history of music but the changes have been profound. This phenomenon is not unique to music but is part of a trajectory embarked upon by various forms of media in all cultures, whereby they are reproduced to the point they are completely detached from their initial form and arguably the tradition from which they come from. Countless cultures have been affected by these new means of consumption of music but not all cultures have the same principles and values. On the African continent various cultures have several musical principles and aesthetic values in common, which correspond to a certain philosophy towards life in general. In this paper I will argue that, because of the aesthetic principles found in the African musical tradition and philosophy of fluidity and an openness to change, the transition towards
digital consumption of African music can lead to its evolution and not its elimination. This paper will investigate the values, principles, and philosophy shared by many African cultures and create a working definition for the African musical tradition, describe the current consumption of music through streaming platforms like Spotify, detail why this African musical tradition can reinvent itself in this new world of streaming and what lessons can be learned from it in this age of monumental changes.
Chinatown Time Machine: A Research Creation Project on Game Design and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Kong Yifan
Published: June 2024

One of the largest Chinatowns in the world, located downtown and sprawling out from the intersection of Dundas Street and Spadina Avenue, Toronto's Chinatown has drawn immigrants from southern China and Hong Kong, and more recently from mainland China. It has a deeply textured history marked by geographic and ethnic shifts as well as government expropriation. How do we remember these layered and sometimes obscured histories and stories? This Major Research Paper provides answers by creating a theoretical model intersecting theories of cultural memory with theories of game studies for the design of a research creation project focussed on Chinatown's cultural history. Chinatown Time Machine is a serious game with educational and cultural value that aims at exploring and sharing the history of Toronto Chinatown and examining a new form of digital archive as inspirations for future cultural recuperations. Equipped with augmented reality (AR) technology, and wearable devices, Chinatown Time Machine allows players to gain an immersive virtual experience at the core of Toronto city and travel to the time they selected to live the life of residents at Toronto's Chinatowns and witness significant events in the history of Toronto Chinatown. For example, players may be able to experience the Chinese Victory Celebrations parade at Chinatown if they chooseAugust 26, 1945, on Elizabeth Street. The concept of this serious game is to guide players to explore the stories behind the change of the city. This project helps address two key issues of technology knowledge feasibility, as well as the need for technology savvy staffing. Hence, in this game design document I focus on promoting the history of Toronto Chinatown along with the history of Chinese immigrants in Toronto. Players will take the time machine, travel back in history, and immerse in the life of individuals at different historical times in Toronto Chinatown.
The Influence of Fandoms on Video Game and Animated Series Content
Authors: Krause-Milliken Nathalie
Published: June 2024

We hear so much about digital media fandoms. But what about the professionals who produce digital content: do they engage with their audiences, and how far does this engagement go? Through industry interviews and case studies, this MRP explores the changing landscape of creator-fan engagement in the animation and video game fields. The study shows that while engagement with fans is hard wired into the gaming industry in a way not seen for animated television series, in gaming too there are real practical and artistic limits to how far creators can listen to fan opinions. In the future, algorithmic audience tracking tools could make creator engagements with audiences and fans easier to carry out, or it could further distance animation creators and possibly video game producers from fan views. The most likely to deepen their interactions with prosumers as the Indie studios, including Indie animation houses.
Hidden Themes in Game: To Enlighten Climate Change Issues Through a Text-based Adventure Game
Authors: Lone Soha
Published: June 2024

Games have always been there, but sometimes, people may not realize that few might even try to communicate with them about a problem like a climate change that developers might be too afraid to speak publicly because of the fear of a backlash. This paper examines how different game developers incorporate social issues into their storylines and how they can create an impact on the human mind Getting inspiration from a few games like Call of Duty and Horizon Zero Dawn and using the secondary resources, I have developed my own game, Whispers from the Meadows on Figma. This text-based adventure game takes the players through its interactive storyline. It discusses the chaos caused by an organization known as Seductores, which is the primary reason behind the climate change in that Kingdom. Furthermore, it was also observed that graphics, in this case, matters a lot as it was one of the first things that kept the audience engaged throughout the game. Many people mentioned that merging two genres, in this case, text-based and adventure, was captivating. When told about how real-life events inspired the stories, nearly all respondents had no clue of the impact climate change is having on our world or what the experts are telling them for the future if they do not act on climate change quickly. Hence, the goal of this research is to create awareness about this imminent issue in such a way that the players do not feel overwhelmed by it and, instead, by playing this game, feel more motivated and willing to learn more about climate change and how they can battle with it. 
Online Learning and Its Impacts on Computer Engineering Students: How Virtual Reality Can Enhance Their Experience
Authors: Mangat Simrita
Published: June 2024

The main focus of this thesis is Online Learning and Virtual Reality. This research paper concentrates on understanding what learning during the pandemic has been like for Computer Engineering students and researching their virtual learning experience. Then, taking those learnings as the foundation for developing a VR-based tool that can enhance their overall experience. The ongoing global pandemic has majorly impacted learning institutes and students. The shift from in-class learning to an entirely online format has been a significant change in the field of education and the people associated with it. An analysis of Zoom, a popular media is a part of this research which will help to learn more about digital learning and its aspects. A study of some Canadian Universities' mission statements is also an essential part of this research. The VR solution is based on the three problems identified through literature review - a lack of social interaction, the incapability of online learning to provide a deeper sense of understanding concepts, and the absence of physical hardware and labs. The proposed solution is creating a computer lab environment that can be accessed through VR glasses and an application.
Authentok: Uncovering The Authenticity of Lifestyle Tiktoking
Authors: Scarcello Madeline
Published: June 2024

Alongside the accelerated rise of the popular short-form video app, TikTok has emerged the phenomenon of Lifestyle TikTokers. Lifestyle TikTokers are social media influencers who post daily visual narrations of their seemingly idyllic lives on TikTok. As Lifestyle TikToking grows in popularity, so do the audiences observing these videos. However, unlike other TikTokers with distinctive niches, Lifestyle TikTokers gain their followings by posting aesthetically pleasing and desirable TikToks of what is presumed to be their authentic daily lives. Drawing on previously researched information regarding authenticity and influencer culture, as well as popular Lifestyle TikTok accounts, and conducting first-hand descriptive research, this study reveals that Lifestyle TikToking is not nearly as authentic as it appears to viewers. It argues that multiple factors go into the planning, filming, and editing of these TikToks' which ultimately hinders the validity and authenticity of these posts. 
The Emergence of Metaverse Technologies and Their Implementation Across Various Industries
Authors: Varvatsoulis George
Published: June 2024

The metaverse is the latest buzzword from the technology domain as it promises to transform the ways in which people work, learn, shop, socialize, and entertain themselves. The announcement made by Meta founder Mark Zuckerberg to focus on developing the metaverse has given fresh momentum to a phenomenon that received relatively little attention during the past three decades. Various technologies that support the Metaverse have already been developed, while others are currently in the development stage, for example, virtual reality, augmented reality, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and big data. However, this scoping review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the metaverse, including the degree to which researchersand industry expertsarefocusingonitsmultipleaspects, notonly thetechnology and infrastructure but the economic and social factors as well. A total of eight themes have been identified as a result of the scoping review and thematic analysis. This report discusses these themes individually and in relation to one another to determine the general focus of research on this topic and identify areas where more attention needs to be paid. It is expected that by considering the recommendations presented in this report, the industry will be able to achieve balanced and sustained growth of the metaverse while avoiding some of the pitfalls that have been experienced in earlier decades due to misplaced enthusiasm and exaggerated claims about the potential of disruptive and novel technologies.
Reimagining Tattoo Platform: Current Platforms, Culture Analysis,and Prototype
Authors: Zhang Yuling
Published: June 2024

This study researched the perceived benefits and shortcomings of the current digital platforms (Instagram, Pinterest, Google Maps and studio/ individual artists' websites) and how it affects the decision-making process of getting a tattoo, as well as the external factors that contribute to the regretful tattoo experiences. More specifically, an analysis of current platforms helped uncover the potential solutions and integrate new features in the development of a system for a one-stop platform for tattoo lovers looking to find tattoo artists, gather information, book tattoo appointments, get new tattoos, and build connections. By using the Dot platform, users can go through all the steps before deciding, entering tattoo shops, and arranging tattoo appointments. Have a streamlined process of getting tattoos under a smooth, transparent and trustworthy environment.
Experimenting With Branching Narratives in Video Form on Streaming Platforms
Authors: Zhang Genyu
Published: June 2024

With a focus on branching narratives in video form on streaming platforms, or more colloquially, interactive films and series, this research aims to understand how certain formal and creative decisions impact aspects of interactor experiences after the high-profile release of Black Mirror: Bandersnatch. By collecting user tweets and developing a descriptive framework for the subjects' formal traits, it attempts to reveal the connections between them. The 4 selected titles respectively employ a unique set of creative choices and receive varying user response. They not only support how certain creators' choices negotiate the experience, but also reveal the wide variety of contexts in which video-based branching narratives are produced and consumed. From there, the research paints a big picture of the development of live-action interactive titles released between 2019 and 2021. 
Evacuating the ℓp Disc
Authors: Leizerovich Sean
Published: June 2024

Evacuation is a search-type problem where collaborating agents seek a hidden exit on some continuous domain (for example, lines, rays, graphs, polygons.) We generalize the problem of evacuating two agents in the wireless model from the Euclidean disk to any lp metric space where p ∈ [1,∞). The original problem has seen an extensive line of variations, and our study is the first to embed this evacuation in more general metric spaces. Solving an evacuation is an optimization problem that seeks to minimize the worst-case evacuation time. We show that our family of algorithms, Wireless-Searchp(φ), is optimal for p ∈ [1,2] if φ = 0, and for p ∈ [2,∞) if φ = π/4. Our proof of optimality reduces to a novel observation in convex geometry on the relationship between chord and arc lengths on lp disks.
Recovery Within a Community-based Residential Treatment for Substance Use Problems: Program Theory Development and the Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Mutschler Christina
Published: June 2024

Community-based residential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) has mixed effectiveness in reducing substance use and substance-related problems, which has been hypothesized to be due to the variability of program offerings across treatments. Further, due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, community-based residential treatment centres have had to adapt their programming in order to follow necessary infection control mandates, leading to considerable changes in programming. The purpose of the present dissertation was twofold: 1) to develop a realist program theory of a community-based residential treatment centre in order to understand what components of treatment are most effective, who benefits from treatment, and why; and 2) to document and synthesize the experiences of stakeholders at a treatment centre during COVID-19. The present dissertation was completed in collaboration with Renascent, a community-based residential treatment program located in Toronto, Canada. In order to meet the first purpose, a realist evaluation was conducted using qualitative interviews (N=27) with program stakeholders. The results of the thematic analysis identified four overarching organizational contexts and 11 Context-Mechanism-Outcome (CMO) configurations that comprise the program theory. The CMOs were grouped into three themes (i.e., relational, psychological, and diversity), underscoring the multiple pathways in which recovery is achieved for individuals with SUDs. Study two involved a qualitative investigation of the experiences of key stakeholders at the treatment centre during COVID-19 using an inductive approach. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders (N=13) and analyzed using thematic analysis. The interviews and subsequent analysis identified a number of themes (i.e., service accessibility, difficulties with interpersonal connection, and increased stress experienced by frontline staff). Across the two studies, the importance of building peer recovery relationships, creating structure, and inter-agency collaborations was highlighted. The results of both studies provide a template as to how implementation of novel practices can occur and how tensions can be overcome through collaboration. The results of the present dissertation offer a significant contribution to the literature in understanding how, why, and for whom community-based residential treatment for SUDs is effective, while also providing timely data on the experiences of attending and implementing treatment during a pandemic.
Ignited by the Qur’an
Authors: Kühle Lene
Published: June 2024

The Danish lawyer and politician Rasmus Paludan has gained notoriety for filming and uploading footage of demonstrations and burning copies of the Qur’an, first in 2019 in Denmark and later in Sweden. Based on videos and material from social and conventional media, this article investigates the background and political and legal opportunity structures of Paludan’s activism. It argues that Paludan’s actions are situated in reference to broader debates on freedom of expression in general and understanding of blasphemy in particular. Paludan’s treatment of the Qur’an resembles a global injustice symbol (Olesen 2015; 2016). The symbol becomes global in nature when it resonates cross-nationally and cross-culturally. In 2023, as the symbol spread to the global public sphere, the Danish government decided to introduce a blasphemy clause that had been repealed five years previously. This underlines Sherwood’s argument that blasphemy has made a paradoxical return as a contested global category in the twenty-first century.
New Atheism and the Criticism of Islam
Authors: Taira Teemu
Published: June 2024

One of the ideas in the debates concerning anti-Islamic activities is that atheists, especially prominent celebrity atheists – commonly known as ‘New Atheists’ – have provided support and justification for anti-Islamic attitudes and activities. Given that Sam Harris, one of the so-called New Atheists, stated that he started writing his first book, The End of Faith (2004), immediately after the 9/11 attacks, criticism of Islam is expected to be prevalent among some atheists. The more interesting questions, however, concern what kind of criticism there is, how to make sense of its reasons and motivations, whether it dominates the New Atheist agenda (as some argue), and whether the criticism has been somehow influential in various localities. In examining New Atheist publications and their possible presence at the local level, particularly in Finland, this article suggests that an exceptionally pronounced anti-Islamic approach applies mainly to Harris rather than to New Atheism as a whole. Instead, several other significant aspects come into play, highlighted by other New Atheists, and this is largely true of local atheist activism too. Thus, while a weak link between New Atheists and anti-Islamic activities can be made because of their promotion of strong criticism of religion, New Atheism is not the key to understanding such activities, at least in the Finnish context.
The Qur’an Burnings of SIAN
Authors: Linge Marius , Bangstad Sindre
Published: June 2024

Denmark, Sweden, and Norway have in recent years seen a wave of Qur’an burnings, a subset of Qur’an desecration, involving largely non-religious fringe actors. Desecrations of the Qur’an are nothing new, but their mode of articulation in the present requires attention to both context and the actors involved. In this article we examine the Qur’an-burning events of the Norwegian organization Stop the Islamisation of Norway (SIAN). The article draws on media events theory, paying attention to how the symbolic and ritual dimensions of such spectacular mediated events generate both cohesion and conflict among globalized audiences. Informed by both on- and offline ethnographic fieldwork, we explore the mediated ritualization of smaller-scale urban events involving staged Qur’an burnings by this far-right fringe group in Norway in recent years. We demonstrate how a relatively small and marginal far-right political actor succeeds in being foregrounded by the media, creating polarization, capturing free speech, and racializing Muslims by desecrating the Qur’an.
From Blasphemy to Sacrilege
Authors: Devji Faisal
Published: June 2024

Qur’an burnings have come to constitute a subculture in Scandinavia. Why have they focused on sacrilege against Islam’s scripture, while blasphemy against its prophet still dominates polemics in other parts of Europe? This essay traces the emergence of blasphemy as the principal form in which such polemics occur to colonial India. It shows how critics there tried to attribute Muslim protests against insults to Muhammad with a religious language they seemed to be missing. With its globalization after the Cold War, this debate about blasphemy was taken up in Europe. But in the Nordic countries it has been replaced with sacrilege as a way of rehearsing the religious element that remains absent from Muslim demonstrations of offence against alleged insults to Islam.
Comparative Analysis of RGB and CIELAB Colour Spaces in Quality Assessment of Brick Products
Authors: Kataev Mikhail Yu. , Karpov Roman K. , Kartashov Eugene Yu.
Published: June 2024

Methods for assessing the colour (quality) of manufactured products, as a rule, are aimed at analysing the data obtained by colorimeters or spectrometers for the objects under study. The problematic side of such measurements is the small area of the object affected by the measurements. The introduction to the practice of evaluating the colour of the produced image products makes it possible to evaluate the colour of the entire object, while leaving the traditional measurement methods for verifying the obtained colour characteristics from the image. The typical colour space for images is RGB, and for colorimeters LAB. Naturally, when applying the image method, it becomes necessary to convert from the RGB to LAB colour space in order to obtain colour indicators that can be compared with colorimeters. The article provides a description of the obtained colour characteristics when assessing the quality of brick products.
Freezing and Thawing of Enclosing Structures and Foundation Soils Taking into Account the Effects of Solar Energy: Part 1. Theoretical Foundations of Freezing Wet Soils
Authors: Ibragimov Alexander M. , Gnedina Lyubov Yu. , Gerasimova Svetlana V.
Published: June 2024

The temperature and humidity state of the foundations and foundations in the climatic conditions of the Russian Federation is decisive in their design,it affects the bearing capacity, operational reliability, and durability of the foundations and the entire building.
When designing foundations and foundations, they solve a set of tasks that are subordinated to one idea, so that the soil (base) he carried the load from the building or structure proposed to him, and the foundation structure itself would ensure reliable operation of the building or structure for the entire life cycle, since the foundations belong to permanent structures, and their repair is associated with large material costs.
Existing modern calculation methods assume that the heat transfer process is stationary and do not consider real processes – seasonal and daily fluctuations in outdoor air temperature, heating on and off modes, temperature changes in the depth of the soil, wet structures due to accidents of heating plants, the absence (or destruction) of a blind area, etc. Freezing of soils, as a rule, occurs in autumn-winter period, when the soil is saturated with moisture. Thawing of the soil occurs in the spring-summer period. These processes are non-stationary in nature, which is influenced by many factors, including solar radiation. The work is devoted to modelling and calculation of these real processes. The process of freezing and thawing of the foundation soils is influenced by many factors: the composition of the soil, water, ice, snow, solar radiation, fluctuations in outdoor temperature. The paper provides general information about some of the physical properties of water, ice, and snow, necessary for understanding the processes under consideration.
A New Look on Standard Methods of a Daylight Factor Design under Systems of Side or Roof Daylighting
Authors: Larionova Kira O. , Stetsky Sergey V.
Published: June 2024

The article presents a review and analysis of normative formulas, which are used in the time being in our country for daylighting of interiors design. The absence of unification in the formulas considered is being noted.
The division of external daylighting systems was conducted few decades ago mechanically too, only due to the position of light openings in building in form of windows or monitors. Additionally, it was shown that luminance spreading cloudy CIE sky vault has a quantitative, not a qualitative, character. That’s why the elaboration of a new, unified design formula is needed instead of two separate formulas for side and roof systems of daylighting, having different structures of scientific content. The number of conclusions, as a result of scientific investigations, and some perspective directions of future scientific studies were being offered.
Modelling and Verification of Car Rear View Camera Using Ray Optics Algorithms
Authors: Birukov Elissey D. , Barladyan Boris Kh. , Shapiro Lev Z. , Valiev Ildar V. , Voloboy Alexei G.
Published: June 2024

Rear view cameras are widely used in the automotive industry. They are used in modern car navigation systems to improve the driver’s perception of the situation behind the car. Ultra-wide-angle fisheye lenses are installed on the car for maximum coverage. But such images are not comfortable for human perception. Therefore, one of the main problems in using such cameras is fast algorithms for converting fisheye images into a set of images corresponding to wide-angle and normal virtual cameras, as well as constructing a “top view”. This work examines two image transformation algorithms, both of which provide independent transformations along Cartesian coordinate axes. The first method uses ray tracing through a lens with specified parameters to determine transformation coefficients, the second method provides an empirical selection of coefficients using visual determination of the boundaries of the required fragment interactively. The algorithms are implemented in two versions: the first one is for a regular computer (integrated into the CATIA CAD system) and the second one is built directly into the car rear view camera control processor. The option for a regular computer is used for preliminary elaboration of algorithms, as well as for complete debugging and testing of the rear view camera – both to verify the operation of geometric transformation algorithms and to validate the camera light sensitivity
Surgical Treatment of Radicular Cysts Related to Permanent Upper Right Central and Lateral Incisors Using Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Yermalkar Gaurav , ND Shashikiran , Gaonkar Namrata , Gugwad Sachin , Hadakar Savita
Published: June 2024

Introduction
An apicoectomy involves surgical intervention to treat a tooth afflicted with a periapical lesion that remains unresolved despite standard endodontic procedures. The primary objective of apical surgery is to prevent the spread of bacteria and their associated by-products from the root canal system into the surrounding periradicular tissues. This research endeavours to underscore the potential efficacy of endodontic surgical intervention in cases where nonsurgical treatment of the right maxillary anterior teeth is ineffective.

Key Words
Apicectomy, Enucleation, Platelet rich fibrin, Radicular cyst, Retrograde filling
Diagnosis and Management of a case of impacted central incisor associated with compound odontoma in a 4 years old girl
Authors: M. S. Ratheesh , M. A. Zareena
Published: June 2024

Odontomes are benign tumors developing from the epithelial and mesenchymal cells which are completely differentiated into ameloblasts and odontoblasts that forms enamel and dentin. They are of two types, complex and compound. Complex odontomes are typically seen in the mandibular posterior region where as compound odontomes have a preference towards the maxillary anterior region. They are rarely associated with deciduous dentition. This article presents a case of compound odontoma in a child below 4 years old who reported with a history of missing deciduous left central Incisor.

Key words: Compound odontome, Deciduous Dentition, Odontome
Unobserved mortality occurs early in larval walleye (Sander vitreus) aquaculture
Authors: Neibauer Jared , Branville Colton , Holmes Kendall , Hauser Emma , Firkus Tyler
Published: June 2024

One of the most persistent challenges in walleye larviculture is the high rate of unobserved mortality occurring within the first 30 days post-hatch. Walleye larviculture is characterized by high mortality rates, but oftentimes, only a fraction of the total mortality in walleye larviculture is observed. Unobserved mortality is frequently attributed to a high rate of cannibalism, but decomposition of larvae and other factors may also be important contributors. Unobserved mortality can make walleye larviculture especially challenging as accurately estimating daily feed rations and forecasting larval production rely on accurate counts of surviving fish. Despite the importance of unobserved mortality, there is little empirical evidence available that assesses the temporal occurrence and causes of unobserved mortality in walleye larviculture. This study assessed when unobserved mortality occurs during walleye larviculture by examining survival at three timepoints (8, 15, and 30 days post-stocking). Tanks were cleaned daily and dead fry were enumerated to account for observed mortality. At the end of each treatment period, the tanks were drained, all remaining fry were enumerated, and the unobserved mortality rate was calculated. While observed mortality trended higher as trial duration increased, unobserved mortality did not increase significantly from the 8-day treatment suggesting that the bulk of unobserved mortality occurs during the first 8 days of walleye larviculture.
Mn/carbon aerogels derived from the water-induced self-assembly of UIO-66 (Mn) for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Zhao Jun , Liu Yang , Wang Hui , Fu Xu cheng , Deng Neng mei
Published: June 2024

In solid propellants, combustion catalysts play a crucial role. Here, we introduce a convenient method for the self-assembly of UIO-66 (Mn) in the presence of water, leading to the preparation of Mn/C aerogels. The aerogels were successfully utilized in the thermocatalytic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). The results indicate that the incorporation of 2% mass fraction of Mn/C aerogels enhances the peak temperature of AP decomposition by approximately 87.5°C. Mn/C aerogels demonstrate excellent catalytic performance. In combination with kinetics, we propose a thermal catalytic mechanism.
Investigating the variation of intonation contours in Northern Vietnamese tones
Authors: Tjuka Annika , Nguyen Huong Thi Thu , van de Vijver Ruben , Spalek Katharina
Published: June 2024

Intonation is an instrument for structuring discourse and emphasizing different types of information. In German, for example, pitch is used to highlight focus, while in Vietnamese, different pitch contours distinguish lexical tones. As of yet, the interplay between intonation and lexical tone in relation to information structure has not been sufficiently investigated across languages. Vietnamese has six lexical tones and is particularly interesting for investigating the influence of different intonation strategies on the realization of tones. Here, we present a production study with 70 Northern Vietnamese speakers. The participants read six sentences under two conditions. In each sentence, a word occurring in the final position of the sentence and carrying one of the six tones was pronounced in two different discourse contexts. Acoustic analyses of the intonation contours showed that Vietnamese speakers realized the words with significant differences in pitch at the onset. Yet, the strategies for raising or lowering the pitch varied depending on the tone. Our results show the use of prosodic cues in a complex tone system across a large number of speakers. In addition, the study can serve as a starting point for educational programs that include training on intonation patterns in specific contexts.
A machine learning model based on clinical features and ultrasound radiomics features for pancreatic tumor classification
Authors: Yao Shunhan , Yao Dunwei , Huang Yuanxiang , Qin Shanyu , Chen Qingfeng
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aimed to construct a machine learning model using clinical variables and ultrasound radiomics features for the prediction of the benign or malignant nature of pancreatic tumors.

Methods

242 pancreatic tumor patients who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between January 2020 and June 2023 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=169) and a test cohort (n=73). We collected 28 clinical features from the patients. Concurrently, 306 radiomics features were extracted from the ultrasound images of the patients’ tumors. Initially, a clinical model was constructed using the logistic regression algorithm. Subsequently, radiomics models were built using SVM, random forest, XGBoost, and KNN algorithms. Finally, we combined clinical features with a new feature RAD prob calculated by applying radiomics model to construct a fusion model, and developed a nomogram based on the fusion model.

Results

The performance of the fusion model surpassed that of both the clinical and radiomics models. In the training cohort, the fusion model achieved an AUC of 0.978 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99) during 5-fold cross-validation and an AUC of 0.925 (95% CI: 0.86–0.98) in the test cohort. Calibration curve and decision curve analyses demonstrated that the nomogram constructed from the fusion model has high accuracy and clinical utility.

Conclusion

The fusion model containing clinical and ultrasound radiomics features showed excellent performance in predicting the benign or malignant nature of pancreatic tumors.
Anoikis resistance regulates immune infiltration and drug sensitivity in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: insights from multi omics, single cell analysis and in vitro experiment
Authors: Wen Xiangyang , Hou Jian , Qi Tiantian , Cheng Xiaobao , Liao Guoqiang , Fang Shaohong , Xiao Song , Qiu Longlong , Wei Wanqing
Published: June 2024

Background

Anoikis is a form of programmed cell death essential for preventing cancer metastasis. In some solid cancer, anoikis resistance can facilitate tumor progression. However, this phenomenon is underexplored in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods

Using SVM machine learning, we identified core anoikis-related genes (ARGs) from ccRCC patient transcriptomic data. A LASSO Cox regression model stratified patients into risk groups, informing a prognostic model. GSVA and ssGSEA assessed immune infiltration, and single-cell analysis examined ARG expression across immune cells. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry validated ARG expression differences between immune therapy responders and non-responders in ccRCC.

Results

ARGs such as CCND1, CDKN3, PLK1, and BID were key in predicting ccRCC outcomes, linking higher risk with increased Treg infiltration and reduced M1 macrophage presence, indicating an immunosuppressive environment facilitated by anoikis resistance. Single-cell insights showed ARG enrichment in Tregs and dendritic cells, affecting immune checkpoints. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals that ARGs protein expression is markedly elevated in ccRCC tissues responsive to immunotherapy.

Conclusion

This study establishes a novel anoikis resistance gene signature that predicts survival and immunotherapy response in ccRCC, suggesting that manipulating the immune environment through these ARGs could improve therapeutic strategies and prognostication in ccRCC.
Development of the CDISC Pediatrics User Guide: a CDISC and conect4children collaboration
Authors: Owen John , Sen Anando , Aurich Beate , Engel Corinna , Cavallaro Giacomo , Degraeuwe Eva , Kalra Dipak , Cornet Ronald , Walsh Melissa , Berkery Teresa , Palmeri Avril , Mahler Fenna , Malik Salma , Persijn Laura , Amadi Chima , Thuet Jacques , Woodworth Simon , Nally Sinead , Leary Rebecca , Marshall Richard , Straub Volker
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The conect4children (c4c) project aims to facilitate efficient planning and delivery of paediatric clinical trials. One objective of c4c is data standardization and reuse. Interoperability and reusability of paediatric clinical trial data is challenging due to a lack of standardization. The Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) standards that are required or recommended for regulatory submissions in several countries lack paediatric specificity with limited awareness within academic institutions. To address this, c4c and CDISC collaborated to develop the Pediatrics User Guide (PUG) consisting of cross-cutting data items that are routinely collected in paediatric clinical trials, factoring in all paediatric age ranges.

Methods and Results

The development of the PUG consisted of six stages. During the scoping phase, subtopics (each containing several clinically relevant concepts) were suggested and debated for inclusion in the PUG. Ninety concepts were selected for the modelling phase. Concept maps describing the Research Topic and representation procedure were developed for the 19 concepts that had no (or partial) previous modelling in CDISC. Next, metadata and implementation examples were developed for concepts. This was followed by a CDISC internal review and a public review. For both these review stages, the feedback comments were either implemented or rejected based on budget, timelines, expert review, and scope. The PUG was published on the CDISC website on February 23, 2023.

Discussion

The PUG is a first step in bridging the lack of child specific CDISC standards, particularly within academia. Several academic and industrial partners were involved in the development of the PUG, and c4c has undertaken multiple steps to publicize the PUG within its academic partner organizations – in particular, the European Reference Networks (ERNs) that are developing registries and dictionaries in 24 disease areas. In the long term, continued use of the PUG in paediatric clinical trials will enable the pooling of data from multiple trials, which is particularly important for medical domains with small populations.
Progress in the application of ultrasound in glioma surgery
Authors: Wu Hao , Cheng Yingying , Gao Wenwen , Chen Peng , Wei Yao , Zhao Haikang , Wang Fenglu
Published: June 2024

Brain glioma, which is highly invasive and has a poor prognosis, is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Several studies have verified that the extent of resection is a considerable prognostic factor for achieving the best results in neurosurgical oncology. To obtain gross total resection (GTR), neurosurgery relies heavily on generating continuous, real-time, intraoperative glioma descriptions based on image guidance. Given the limitations of existing devices, it is imperative to develop a real-time image-guided resection technique to offer reliable functional and anatomical information during surgery. At present, the application of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has been indicated to enhance resection rates and maximize brain function preservation. IOUS, which is promising due to its lower cost, minimal operational flow interruptions, and lack of radiation exposure, can enable real-time localization and precise tumor size and form descriptions while assisting in discriminating residual tumors and solving brain tissue shifts. Moreover, the application of new advancements in ultrasound technology, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS), noninvasive ultrasound (NUS), and ultrasound elastography (UE), could assist in achieving GTR in glioma surgery. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of IOUS in glioma surgery.