bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salvation Expectations of Patients of Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Religion
Authors: Keinki Christian , Meyer Herbert , Bozkurt Gültekin , Müller Nicolle , Römelt Josef , Müller Ulrich Alfons , Hübner Jutta
Published: September 2020

Health and holistic quality of life, physical and emotional needs, somatic and spiritual aspects contain a comprehensive promise of healing. The aim of the current study is to measure the expectations of patients of medicine, alternative medicine and religion related to health and illness. The survey was carried out among 103 patients of a rural general practitioner from May to June 2013 and among 103 patients of the outpatient department for endocrinology and metabolic disease of the Jena University Hospital in 2013. All patients were asked by one interviewer (HM) on fears in relation to health/illness and expectations of help for its own life, medicine, alternative medicine and religion. The biggest fear of patients is “being in need of help of others.” There is no significant difference between religious and non-religious patients. Overall, the expectations of medicine were significantly higher in all sectors than in alternative medicine or religion. Comparing alternative medicine and religion, the expectations of alternative medicine were significantly higher excluding consolation and inner peace. The expectations for medicine in general and for the physician are very high and comprehensive and go beyond diagnosis and realization of therapies. Patients expect hope, guidance, support, comfort, inner peace and advice most from medicine. This results in considerable challenges for the physician, especially in a healthcare system with limited resources and without suitable offers. There is an urgent need to integrate these requirements into daily routine.
Human emotion recognition based on the weighted integration method using image sequences and acoustic features
Authors: Byun Sung-Woo , Lee Seok-Pil
Published: September 2020

People generally perceive other people’s emotions based on speech and facial expressions, so it can be helpful to use speech signals and facial images simultaneously. However, because the characteristics of speech and image data are different, combining the two inputs is still a challenging issue in the area of emotion-recognition research. In this paper, we propose a method to recognize emotions by synchronizing speech signals and image sequences. We design three deep networks. One of the networks is trained using image sequences, which focus on facial expression changes. Facial landmarks are also input to another network to reflect facial motion. The speech signals are first converted to acoustic features, which are used for the input of the other network, synchronizing the image sequence. These three networks are combined using a novel integration method to boost the performance of emotion recognition. A test comparing accuracy is conducted to verify the proposed method. The results demonstrated that the proposed method exhibits more accurate performance than previous studies.
On the influence of memory on complex dynamics of evolutionary oligopoly models
Authors: Bischi Gian Italo , Lamantia Fabio , Scardamaglia Bruno
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we propose a unitary formulation for evolutionary oligopoly models with memory. In particular, we consider behavioral rules that are stationary at the Nash equilibria so that we can study the stability of the oligopolistic model with memory with generic strategies for determining quantities. Although the introduction of memory does not affect the local stability properties of equilibria, we show how the presence of memory impacts the global dynamics of the system and how the question about the role of memory does not always provide a clear answer in terms of model complexity.
Flavonoids: A complementary approach to conventional therapy of COVID-19?
Authors: Solnier Julia , Fladerer Johannes-Paul
Published: September 2020

COVID-19, the highly contagious novel disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a major international concern as it has spread quickly all over the globe. However, scientific knowledge and therapeutic treatment options for this new coronavirus remain limited. Although previous outbreaks of human coronaviruses (CoVs) such as SARS and MERS stimulated research, there are, to date, no antiviral therapeutics available that specifically target these kinds of viruses. Natural compounds with a great diversity of chemical structures may provide an alternative approach for the discovery of new antivirals. In fact, numerous flavonoids were found to have antiviral effects against SARS-and MERS-CoV by mainly inhibiting the enzymes 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro). In this review, we specifically focused on the search for flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds, which are proven to be effective against human CoVs. We therefore summarized and analyzed the latest progress in research to identify flavonoids for antiviral therapy and proposed strategies for future work on medicinal plants against coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2. We discovered quercetin, herbacetin, and isobavachalcone as the most promising flavonoids with anti-CoV potential.
Quality of life of cancer patients at palliative care units in developing countries: systematic review of the published literature
Authors: Gayatri Dwi , Efremov Ljupcho , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Mikolajczyk Rafael
Published: September 2020

Purpose

This systematic review aims to summarize factors that influence the quality of life (QOL) of advanced cancer patients in palliative care (PC) in developing countries. Understanding this context in developing countries milieu is necessary; however, this outcome is rarely reported.

Methods

Following the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically searched using the search terms: QOL, cancer, PC, and names of all developing countries. Studies with less than ten subjects, qualitative or pilot studies, reviews, conference abstracts, and that reported validation of QOL questionnaires were excluded.

Results

Fifty-five studies from 15 developing countries in the African (n = 5), Latin America and the Caribbean (n = 10), and Asian (n = 40) region were included in the narrative synthesis. 65.4% were cross-sectional, 27.3% were cohort studies, 7.3% were RCTs or quasi-experimental studies. Around 30 QOL factors were studied with 20 different types of QOL instruments. Advanced cancer patients who were older, married/ever married, participated in additional care within PC, used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and practiced spirituality/religiosity showed higher QOL score. Low educational level and high depression were associated with a lower QOL.

Conclusion

Various factors affect QOL among cancer patients in PC. Patients valued the use of CAMs; however, the quality and safety aspects should be properly addressed. Important factors that influenced the QOL score were social and spiritual support. While there is a general need to develop PC strategies further, recognizing patients’ needs should be prioritized in national cancer programs.
Superior Capsule Reconstruction: A Glimpse into the Future?
Authors: Thacher Ryan R. , Heaps Braiden R. , Dines Joshua S.
Published: September 2020

The recent study by Mihata et al., [ 10 ] “ Five-year follow-up of arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction for irreparable rotator cuff tears” ( J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101:1921–1930), was the first case series published examining long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) for irreparable rotator cuff tears. This article is a critical review of how the aforementioned study fits into a growing literature surrounding the use of SCR for irreparable rotator cuff tears and how these results may impact clinical and operative decision-making for this patient population. The series compares clinical and radiographic data taken pre-operatively with data taken at 1 year and 5 years post-operatively in a group of 30 patients who underwent SCR utilizing tensor fascia lata autograft. While the results of the study suggest that a healed SCR graft utilizing this specific technique successfully restored shoulder function and prevented progression of rotator cuff arthropathy, it is important to appreciate the limitations of this small, retrospective case series. Nonetheless, the study represents an important addition to the expanding literature surrounding this significant topic. In this report, we shed light on the current state of this novel operative technique and the ongoing controversies revolving around graft material and thickness.
Using threshold values to continuously evaluate how effectively electrostatic precipitators operate
Authors: Alt Bastian , Klüh Daniel , Koch Katharina , Huber Bernhard , Gaderer Matthias
Published: September 2020

The increased use of biomass as a fuel in energy production can reduce CO2 emissions in this sector. Fossil fuels can thus be replaced, especially in the field of heat supply. However, this should not occur at the expense of increased particulate matter emissions, which is why electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are used. Continuous monitoring of the ESP is called for in the European Union Directive 2015/2193 for medium combustion plants (MCP), which applies to plants with a nominal heat output of between 1 and 50 MW. A monitoring methodology based on the precipitator parameters current (I) and voltage (U) was presented in an earlier presentation. The work at hand follows up on the previous findings and presents an alternative methodology that aims to define the effectiveness of the ESP via threshold values for U and I. It is shown that two types of misinterpretation of the operation may occur when threshold values are defined. The operating condition could be regarded as effective via the methodology, although the measurement proves ineffective in operation and the opposite error also occurs. The statistical evaluation of the frequency of errors is intended to help the legislative authorities determine the threshold values in a reasonable way. In addition, checks are made as to whether it is possible to verify the operation of the combustion system via the flue gas temperature. The operating times of the combustion are essential, as they define the operating times required by the precipitator. In this context, statistical evaluations are made to determine which plant-specific threshold value could be useful. The aim is to test the effective operation of the separator from readily available data at all times. These considerations could form the basis for developing a uniform methodology to ensure compliance with the legal requirements.
Improving the properties of AA7075 resistance spot-welded joints by chemical oxide removal and post weld heat treating
Authors: Gáspár Marcell , Dobosy Ádám , Tisza Miklós , Török Imre , Dong Yangchun , Zheng Kailun
Published: September 2020

The aluminium alloy studied in this paper is the heat treatable AA7075 which has zinc as the main alloying element. 7xxx aluminium alloys have the best strength performance among all commercial series and AA7075 has tensile strength above 500 MPa. The outstanding strength properties open the possibility to use this alloy in automotive industry as a possible alternative material for car body elements instead of steel. However, their limited formability properties mean obstacle when a complicated shape car body panel is formed, since the elongation is limited only between 5 and 11%. In order to successfully form these sheets into the demanded geometry, hot forming should be used, and thus the body panels should be formed when the AA7075 is in a solution heat treated condition, such as using the HFQ® process. Then, after assembling the body elements, when resistance spot welding is among the most common joining methods, the AA7075 body parts should get the artificial ageing. It means that welding is followed by artificial ageing as a kind of post weld heat treating which can partially compensate the softening of this alloy during welding. Softening is considered among the most challenging weldability issues similarly to the high melting point oxide layer at the surface which also reduces the load bearing capacity of RSW joints. During the performed experimental program, three routes were investigated. The RSW experiments are performed on 1-mm-thick AA7075 sheets. The spot-welded joints were examined by macroscopic testing, tensile shear and hardness tests.
Assessment of the Engineering Conditions of Small Dams Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Shin E. C. , Kim D. H. , Lee J. K. , Kang J. K.
Published: September 2020

Small dams managed by local governments in the Republic of Korea are facing operational difficulties owing to problems such as a decrease in the long-term storage capacity because of sedimentation and leakage, acceleration of aging, rapid lowering of water levels with seasonal rainfall and water usage, and the resulting deterioration of the overall integrity. However, the public demand for small dams has increased sharply for various purposes, especially flood and drought control. This paper presents a developed model for evaluating the condition of small dams using an analytic hierarchy process. Seventy-five earth dams in a province located in the eastern part of the Korean Peninsula were chosen. Three major components of dams, i.e., embankments, spillways, and water intake facilities, as well as the overall condition of the dam system, were evaluated. The usefulness of the improved model and its differences from the existing method were verified using the t-test. The improved model was found to be relatively simple and easy to apply in practice, and it enables on-time action for further treatment or reinforcement.
Closed-mindedness and insulation in groupthink: their effects and the devil’s advocacy as a preventive measure
Authors: Akhmad Muqtafi , Chang Shuang , Deguchi Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

This paper’s purpose is to clarify groupthink phenomena and to assess the devil’s advocacy as a groupthink prevention measure. An agent-based model is presented to formalize group closed-mindedness and insulation in a group decision making setting. The model was validated by showing that groupthink results in the decision with low quality and the group’s inability to explore more alternatives. Besides that, the devil’s advocacy also formulated in the model. The simulation results of different conditions of the devil’s advocacy support Janis’ suggestion to utilize the devil’s advocacy to alleviate groupthink. It is also found that the utilization of devil’s advocacy depends on the group’s condition and the desired amount of conflict to produce the best decision.
Did DI do it? Response to a rejoinder
Authors: Guenther John , Osborne Samuel
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Guenther and Osborne's (2020) article ‘Did DI do it?’ raises concerns about the outcomes of a programme designed to improve literacy for First Nations students in remote schools. A critique of the article challenges the methods and findings. In this response, the authors respond to the criticism.
Site Context and the Spatial Organization of a Late Holocene Coastal Hunter-Gatherer Campsite in North-Central Chile, South America
Authors: Méndez César , Carré Matthieu , Maldonado Antonio , Seguel Roxana , Jackson Donald
Published: September 2020

We explored the site context of a late Holocene shell midden on the coast of Los Vilos in north-central Chile (31°51′ S, South America) to better understand the spatial organization of short-term, small-sized hunter-gatherer campsites. The Dunas de Agua Amarilla (LV 007) site comprises 14 separate surf clam refuse deposits. Extensive stratigraphic excavations of the shell middens and the areas free of residue allowed interpretation of potential activity areas bounded by hearths, the shell middens, and a possible dwelling space. Late Holocene campsites in the area correspond to brief occupational events framed within littoral residential mobility, in which predictable coastal resources became a staple for groups residing and circulating over long periods in the area. Data on shell midden composition and the spatial distribution of site features shed light on the organizational dynamics of dwelling and activity spaces of coastal hunter-gatherers of the South Pacific.
Energy misreporting is more prevalent for those of lower socio-economic status and is associated with lower reported intake of discretionary foods
Authors: Grech Amanda , Hasick Megan , Gemming Luke , Rangan Anna
Published: September 2020

The role of socio-economic status (SES) on the misreporting of food and energy intakes is not well understood with disagreement in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between low energy reporting, dietary quality and SES in a representative sample of adults. Dietary data were collected using 2 d of 24-h recalls for 6114 adults aged 19 years and over, participating in the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012. Low energy reporters (LER) and plausible reporters (PR) were identified. Discretionary food intake was used as a proxy indicator of diet quality. SES was determined using area-level SES and educational attainment. Regression analysis was applied to examine the effects of LER and SES on diet quality, adjusting for potential confounders. LER was more common in populations of lower SES than higher SES (area-level OR 1·46 (95 % CI 1·06, 2·00); education OR 1·64 (95 % CI 1·28, 2·09). LER and SES were independently associated with diet quality, with LER reporting lower percentage energy from discretionary foods compared with PR (27·4 v. 34·2, P < 0·001), and those of lower area-level SES and education reporting lower diet quality compared with those of higher SES (33·7 v. 31·2, P < 0·001; and 33·5 v. 29·6, P < 0·001, respectively). No interaction effect was found between LER and SES, indicating percentage energy in discretionary foods was not differentially misreported across the SES areas (0·3078) or education (P = 0·7078). In conclusion, LER and higher SES were associated with better diet quality.
Association between free sugar intake and nutrient dilution among Japanese children and adolescents: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Aya , Okada Emiko , Okada Chika , Matsumoto Mai , Takimoto Hidemi
Published: September 2020

The influence of free sugar intake on nutrient intake remains unclear in Japanese children and adolescents with relatively low free sugar intake. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between free sugar and selected nutrient intakes using data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, based on the WHO recommendations (<5 % or <10 % of energy (%E)) for free sugar intake. A 1-d weighed dietary record was assessed in Japanese children and adolescents (aged 1–19 years; n 2919). Mean intakes for selected nutrients and food groups were compared according to free sugar intake categories (<2·5 %E, 2·5 to <5 %E, 5 to <10 %E and ≥10 %E) with adjustment for sex, age and weight status. Inverse associations were observed between intakes of free sugars and twenty-one of twenty-four micronutrients assessed, except for vitamins A and C and Ca. Significantly reduced intakes were identified for twenty-two and fourteen micronutrients in the ≥10 %E and 5 to <0 %E categories, respectively, compared with the lower categories. Mean micronutrient intakes at the <2·5 %E category did not differ from those at the 2·5 to <5 %E category. Free sugar intake had positive associations with intakes of sugars and jams, confectioneries, fruit and vegetable juices, and soft drinks and negative associations with intakes of pulses and nuts and vegetables. This study showed that nutrient dilution was associated with higher free sugar intake among Japanese children and adolescents. The findings suggest that the WHO recommendations might help prevent nutrient dilution in Japanese children and adolescents.
Temporal evolution of bushmeat traded in High Niger National Park, Guinea, West Africa
Authors: Duonamou Lucie , Konate Alexandre , Xu Jiliang , Humle Tatyana
Published: September 2020

The High Niger National Park is one of the most important protected areas for biodiversity conservation in Guinea. This study examined the temporal evolution of the bushmeat trade in three rural markets in the Park and in the nearest urban centre, Faranah. We collected data in markets during August–November 2017 in three villages around the Mafou core area of the Park and in Faranah, and compared these data with equivalent published data from the same rural areas in 2001 and 2011 and from Faranah in 1994, 1995, 1996 and 2011. Across all study periods, mammals predominated in the bushmeat trade. In rural markets we noted a marked increase in the number of carcasses and biomass offered for sale from 2001 onwards, whereas in Faranah there were no differences over time other than a peak in 1996. Overall, there was an increase in the sale of smaller sized species (< 10 kg), and a marked increase in the sale of species that forage on crops, including the green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus and warthog Phacochoerus africanus, in spite of religious taboos against the consumption of primates and Suidae. Green monkeys were not sold in markets during the 1990s but were the dominant species in Faranah in 2011 and 2017. Our findings suggest a marked shift in traded species, associated with crop protection by farmers and economic incentives to kill and trade crop-foraging species. This study highlights the value of a longitudinal perspective for investigating the dynamic relationship between local livelihoods and biodiversity conservation.
Haplosporosomes, sporoplasmosomes and their putative taxonomic relationships in rhizarians and myxozoans
Authors: Hine P.M. , Morris D.J. , Azevedo C. , Feist S.W. , Casal G.
Published: September 2020

This paper reviews current knowledge of the structure, genesis, cytochemistry and putative functions of the haplosporosomes of haplosporidians (Urosporidium, Haplosporidium, Bonamia, Minchinia) and paramyxids (Paramyxa, Paramyxoides, Marteilia, Marteilioides, Paramarteilia), and the sporoplasmosomes of myxozoans (Myxozoa – Malacosporea, Myxosporea). In all 3 groups, these bodies occur in plasmodial trophic stages, disappear at the onset of sporogony, and reappear in the spore. Some haplosporidian haplosporosomes lack the internal membrane regarded as characteristic of these bodies and that phylum. Haplosporidian haplosporogenesis is through the Golgi (spherulosome in the spore), either to form haplosporosomes at the trans-Golgi network, or for the Golgi to produce formative bodies from which membranous vesicles bud, thus acquiring the external membrane. The former method also forms sporoplasmosomes in malacosporeans, while the latter is the common method of haplosporogenesis in paramyxids. Sporoplasmogenesis in myxosporeans is largely unknown. The haplosporosomes of Haplosporidium nelsoni and sporoplasmosomes of malacosporeans are similar in arraying themselves beneath the plasmodial plasma membrane with their internal membranes pointing to the exterior, possibly to secrete their contents to lyse host cells or repel haemocytes. It is concluded that these bodies are probably multifunctional within and between groups, their internal membranes separating different functional compartments, and their origin may be from common ancestors in the Neoproterozoic.
The University of British Columbia healthy beverage initiative: changing the beverage landscape on a large post-secondary campus
Authors: Di Sebastiano Katie M , Kozicky Sara , Baker Melissa , Dolf Matt , Faulkner Guy
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Environmental interventions are more effective at changing nutrition behaviour than educational campaigns alone. As part of their health promotion efforts, the University of British Columbia (UBC) developed the Healthy Beverage Initiative (HBI) to ultimately reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) on campus. We describe the development, implementation, preliminary evaluation and future of the HBI.

Design:

Naturalistic observation of environmental changes to induce behaviour change.

Setting:

Large urban research university campus.

Participants:

University community members and campus visitors.

Results:

Three main activities have been implemented since the initiation of the UBC HBI: renegotiation of the cold beverage agreement, a media campaign to promote tap water consumption and the removal of SSB from select retail locations on campus (residence dining hall). No significant loss of revenue was observed following the removal of SSB from a residence dining hall compared with similar locations. Compensatory purchasing behaviour of SSB was not observed at the closest retail locations where they were still available. After the removal of SSB, ~75% of survey respondents were not aware that the beverages had been removed.

Conclusions:

The implementation of the HBI has met little resistance from the UBC community. The removal of SSB from residence dining locations did not result in any significant revenue loss or compensatory purchasing behaviour. This suggests that environmental intervention initiatives appear to be a viable option that may reduce SSB consumption on post-secondary campuses.
A Decrease to Low Carbonate Clumped Isotope Temperatures in Cryogenian Strata
Authors: Mackey T. J. , Jost A. B. , Creveling J. R. , Bergmann K. D.
Published: September 2020

Preglacial and synglacial low‐latitude carbonate sediments of the Elbobreen Formation, NE Svalbard, preserve facies changes associated with low‐latitude glacial advance in Cryogenian “Snowball Earth” episodes (717–635 Ma). We present the first application of carbonate clumped (Δ47) isotope thermometry on synglacial Snowball Earth carbonates and combine results with sedimentologic and petrographic observations and stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O) geochemistry to assess Neoproterozoic environmental change. We find elevated calcite Δ47 temperatures, which likely reflect solid‐state reordering during burial. Dolomites, however, record lower temperatures that vary with facies and stratigraphy. Preglacial dolomite Δ47 temperatures range from 48–77°C, with a reconstructed fluid δ18OVSMOW value of +0.6‰ in the coldest sample. Glacial diamictites and dolomicrites comprise (1) reworked detrital clasts similar to preglacial strata in stable isotope composition and petrographic textures and (2) autochthonous dolomicrite with more positive δ18O values than those of preglacial dolomites or cooccurring detrital clasts. Mean glacial autochthonous dolomicrite Δ47 temperatures are 26 ± 10°C (95% CL) cooler than preglacial strata, with four samples <25°C. All dolomite Δ47 temperatures reflect diagenesis associated with lithification, yet observed stratigraphic and textural Δ47 temperature differences indicate that this occurred early and only contributes to part of the preserved temperature signal. Alteration trends within populations are consistent with low water/rock ratio diagenesis or partial solid‐state reordering; either possibility supports the likelihood of preserved δ18O trends. We postulate that the preserved temperature and δ18O differences between low‐latitude preglacial Tonian and synglacial Cryogenian dolomites are an imperfect reflection of primary temperature change and ice sheet expansion.
Ensemble CME Modeling Constrained by Heliospheric Imager Observations
Authors: Barnard L. , Owens M. J. , Scott C. J. , de Koning C. A.
Published: September 2020

Predicting the arrival of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is one key objective of space weather forecasting. In operational space weather forecasting, solar wind numerical models are used for this task and ensemble techniques are being increasingly explored as a means to improve these forecasts. Currently, these forecasts are not constrained by the available in situ and remote sensing observations, such as those from the heliospheric imagers (HIs) on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) STEREO spacecraft, which record white‐light images of solar wind and CMEs. We report case studies of four CMEs and show how HI observations can be used to improve the skill and reduce the uncertainty of ensemble hindcasts of these events. Using a computationally efficient solar wind model, we produce 200‐member ensemble hindcasts, perturbing the modeled CME parameters within uniform distributions about the best estimates. By comparing the trajectory of the modeled CME flanks with HI observations, we compute a weight for each ensemble member. Weighting the ensemble distribution of CME arrival times improves the skill and reduces the hindcast uncertainty of each event. For these four events, the weighted ensembles show a mean reduction in arrival time error of 20.1 ± 4.1%, and a mean reduction in arrival time uncertainty of 15.0 ± 7.2%, relative to the unweighted ensembles. This technique could be applied in operational space weather forecasting, if real‐time HI observations were available. Therefore, as NASA and the European Space Agency are currently planning the next space weather monitoring missions, our proof‐of‐concept study provides some evidence of the potential value of including HIs on these missions.
New Insights Into Crustal and Mantle Flow Beneath the Red River Fault Zone and Adjacent Areas on the Southern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau Revealed by a 3‐D Magnetotelluric Study
Authors: Yu Nian , Unsworth Martyn , Wang Xuben , Li Dewei , Wang Enci , Li Ruiheng , Hu Yuanbang , Cai Xuelin
Published: September 2020

A number of geodynamic models have been proposed for the southeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and include a range of deformation processes. One unresolved issue is whether crustal and mantle flow occurs, and if it does, how flow contributes to the mass balance of the India‐Asia collision. To address this question, new magnetotelluric data were collected and used to derive a three‐dimensional electrical resistivity model of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Red River Fault (RRF) zone and adjacent areas. The most prominent features of the model are (1) a resistor in the upper‐middle crust directly beneath the trace of the RRF; (2) a major change in upper mantle resistivity across the RRF; and (3) a significant conductor in the upper mantle northeast of the RRF, which extends upward into the crust, and which requires a melt fraction of up to 3%. The model suggests that the lower crustal conductors may be due to melt/fluids derived from the mantle, rather than from outward flow from Tibet. The most likely source of fluids and melts could be upwelling mantle flow related to the Hainan mantle plume. The change in resistivity across the RRF implies a change in lithospheric strength may explain the present‐day localization of deformation and uplift at this location. The resistivity model may also give insights into the distribution of ore deposits in Ailao Shan, since many mineral deposits are derived from magmatic fluids generated in the mantle at the edges of regions of thick lithosphere.
Temporal Variability of Internal Wave‐Driven Mixing in Two Distinct Regions of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Chanona Melanie , Waterman Stephanie
Published: September 2020

This work investigates how internal wave‐driven turbulence varies in time, from hourly to yearly timescales, and in space, across two distinct regions of the Arctic Ocean. We apply a shear‐based fine‐scale parameterization to mooring records in Nares Strait and on the Beaufort Sea shelf‐slope that sampled the upper stratified water column every 30–45 min and span 2003–2006 and 2003–2004, respectively. In doing so, we generate over 600,000 estimates of the internal wave‐driven dissipation rate. These estimates exhibit large temporal variability in both regions, spanning over 3 orders of magnitude. Despite these wide ranges, we find distinct distributions at each site. In Nares Strait, the time series of dissipation shows systematic variation at tidal frequencies, and tidal forcing appears to influence dissipation more strongly than winds, sea ice, and stratification on daily timescales. On longer timescales, dissipation exhibits a weak seasonal cycle, being elevated when the stratification is high and during the ice melt season. In the Beaufort Sea, we detect no dominant timescales or significant relationships with forcing metrics, but note that the dissipation rate is typically 2 orders of magnitude lower than that in Nares Strait. This region is characterized as being in a turbulent mixing regime for only 2% of the record, compared to 73% of the Nares Strait record, implying that turbulence here is rarely energetic enough relative to the stratification to drive a turbulent heat flux. Inferred Beaufort Sea heat fluxes are an order of magnitude lower than the O(1) W m−2 average value found in Nares Strait.
Global Irrigation Characteristics and Effects Simulated by Fully Coupled Land Surface, River, and Water Management Models in E3SM
Authors: Zhou Tian , Leung L. Ruby , Leng Guoyong , Voisin Nathalie , Li Hong‐Yi , Craig Anthony P. , Tesfa Teklu , Mao Yuna
Published: September 2020

Irrigation supports agricultural production, but widespread use of irrigation can perturb the regional and global water cycle. The one‐way coupled irrigation scheme used in some land surface models and Earth system models assumes that surface water demand is always met and ignores the surface water constraints, leading to overestimation of surface water usage, underestimation of groundwater pumping, and unrealistic simulation of their seasonal variability. To better represent the irrigation processes, a two‐way coupled irrigation scheme is developed within the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The new irrigation scheme simulates irrigation water demand and applies irrigation water in E3SM Land Model (ELM), which is coupled to a river routing model and a water management model (MOSART‐WM) that simulate streamflow, reservoir operations, and irrigation water supply. With two‐way coupling, surface water irrigation is constrained by the available runoff, streamflow, and reservoir storage. Simulations were performed for 1979–2008 at 0.5° spatial resolution to estimate irrigation surface water and groundwater use and their seasonality in global and large river basin scales. Compared to one‐way coupling, the two‐way coupling scheme (1) estimates less surface water withdrawal and less return flow due to the surface water constraint; (2) better represents groundwater recharge and groundwater level decline at global scale; and (3) is able to capture the seasonal dynamics of irrigation water allocations which reflect the local water conditions. The new development is an important step to more realistically account for the interactions between human water use and the terrestrial water cycle in an Earth system model.
Improving Spatial Patterns Prior to Land Surface Data Assimilation via Model Calibration Using SMAP Surface Soil Moisture Data
Authors: Zhou Jianhong , Wu Zhiyong , Crow Wade T. , Dong Jianzhi , He Hai
Published: September 2020

Prior to their application in a land surface data assimilation (DA) system, remotely sensed (RS) soil moisture (SM) products are typically rescaled to remove systematic differences with respect to comparable SM estimates obtained from a land surface model (LSM). This preprocessing of RS SM data—commonly referred to as bias correction—implicitly discards spatial information present in the RS SM retrievals. Here, based on dense SM network measurements obtained within the Huai River Basin of China, we demonstrate that L‐band Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) L3 surface SM retrievals provide a better representation of spatial variability in time‐averaged SM fields than a LSM—suggesting that, as typically applied, bias correction is neglecting important spatial information present in RS SM products. To maximally use RS information, we propose an alternative bias correction approach for SM DA that provides the benefits of traditional rescaling while also improving modeled SM spatial patterns. Specifically, the regional mean of SMAP SM is first corrected using modeled SM of the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. Then, two key VIC soil parameters (EXPT and BULKD) are calibrated to match the relative subregional spatial variability captured by the SMAP SM product. Results show that our model calibration method successfully improves VIC SM spatial patterns and pixel‐wise time series. Furthermore, these SM improvements translate into enhanced VIC streamflow estimates. Overall, results suggest that the proposed bias correction framework can improve current land surface DA systems by maximally utilizing spatial information contained in RS SM products.
The membrane-associated form of cyclin D1 enhances cellular invasion
Authors: Chen Ke , Jiao Xuanmao , Ashton Anthony , Di Rocco Agnese , Pestell Timothy G. , Sun Yunguang , Zhao Jun , Casimiro Mathew C. , Li Zhiping , Lisanti Michael P. , McCue Peter A. , Shen Duanwen , Achilefu Samuel , Rui Hallgeir , Pestell Richard G.
Published: September 2020

The essential G1-cyclin, CCND1, is a collaborative nuclear oncogene that is frequently overexpressed in cancer. D-type cyclins bind and activate CDK4 and CDK6 thereby contributing to G1–S cell-cycle progression. In addition to the nucleus, herein cyclin D1 was also located in the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast with the nuclear-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1NL), the cytoplasmic membrane-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1MEM) induced transwell migration and the velocity of cellular migration. The cyclin D1MEM was sufficient to induce G1–S cell-cycle progression, cellular proliferation, and colony formation. The cyclin D1MEM was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of the serine threonine kinase Akt (Ser473) and augmented extranuclear localized 17β-estradiol dendrimer conjugate (EDC)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473). These studies suggest distinct subcellular compartments of cell cycle proteins may convey distinct functions.
Coupling physics in machine learning to predict properties of high-temperatures alloys
Authors: Peng Jian , Yamamoto Yukinori , Hawk Jeffrey A. , Lara-Curzio Edgar , Shin Dongwon
Published: September 2020

High-temperature alloy design requires a concurrent consideration of multiple mechanisms at different length scales. We propose a workflow that couples highly relevant physics into machine learning (ML) to predict properties of complex high-temperature alloys with an example of the 9–12 wt% Cr steels yield strength. We have incorporated synthetic alloy features that capture microstructure and phase transformations into the dataset. Identified high impact features that affect yield strength of 9Cr from correlation analysis agree well with the generally accepted strengthening mechanism. As a part of the verification process, the consistency of sub-datasets has been extensively evaluated with respect to temperature and then refined for the boundary conditions of trained ML models. The predicted yield strength of 9Cr steels using the ML models is in excellent agreement with experiments. The current approach introduces physically meaningful constraints in interrogating the trained ML models to predict properties of hypothetical alloys when applied to data-driven materials.
Extracting bulk defect parameters in silicon wafers using machine learning models
Authors: Buratti Yoann , Le Gia Quoc Thong , Dick Josef , Zhu Yan , Hameiri Ziv
Published: September 2020

The performance of high-efficiency silicon solar cells is limited by the presence of bulk defects. Identification of these defects has the potential to improve cell performance and reliability. The impact of bulk defects on minority carrier lifetime is commonly measured using temperature- and injection-dependent lifetime spectroscopy and the defect parameters, such as its energy level and capture cross-section ratio, are usually extracted by fitting the Shockley-Read-Hall equation. We propose an alternative extraction approach by using machine learning trained on more than a million simulated lifetime curves, achieving coefficient of determinations between the true and predicted values of the defect parameters above 99%. In particular, random forest regressors, show that defect energy levels can be predicted with a high precision of ±0.02 eV, 87% of the time. The traditional approach of fitting to the Shockley-Read-Hall equation usually yields two sets of defect parameters, one in each half bandgap. The machine learning model is trained to predict the half bandgap location of the energy level, and successfully overcome the traditional approach’s limitation. The proposed approach is validated using experimental measurements, where the machine learning predicts defect energy level and capture cross-section ratio within the uncertainty range of the traditional fitting method. The successful application of machine learning in the context of bulk defect parameter extraction paves the way to more complex data-driven physical models which have the potential to overcome the limitation of traditional approaches and can be applied to other materials such as perovskite and thin film.
Author Correction: High yield manufacturing of fully screen-printed organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Zabihipour Marzieh , Lassnig Roman , Strandberg Jan , Berggren Magnus , Fabiano Simone , Engquist Isak , Ersman Peter Andersson
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Achieving the ultimate precision limit with a weakly interacting quantum probe
Authors: Cohen D. , Gefen T. , Ortiz L. , Retzker A.
Published: September 2020

The ultimate precision limit in estimating the Larmor frequency of N unentangled qubits is well established, and is highly important for magnetometers, gyroscopes, and other types of quantum sensors. However, this limit assumes perfect projective measurements of the quantum registers. This requirement is not practical in many physical systems, such as NMR spectroscopy, where a weakly interacting external probe is used as a measurement device. Here, we show that in the framework of quantum nano-NMR spectroscopy, in which these limitations are inherent, the ultimate precision limit is still achievable using control and a finely tuned measurement.
Strongly correlated superconductor with polytypic 3D Dirac points
Authors: Borisenko Sergey , Bezguba Volodymyr , Fedorov Alexander , Kushnirenko Yevhen , Voroshnin Vladimir , Sturza Mihai , Aswartham Saicharan , Yaresko Alexander
Published: September 2020

Topological superconductors should be able to provide essential ingredients for quantum computing, but are very challenging to realize. Spin–orbit interaction in iron-based superconductors opens the energy gap between the p-states of pnictogen and d-states of iron very close to the Fermi level, and such p-states have been recently experimentally detected. Density-functional theory predicts existence of topological surface states within this gap in FeTe1−xSex making it an attractive candidate material. Here we use synchrotron-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and band structure calculations to demonstrate that FeTe1−xSex (x = 0.45) is a superconducting 3D Dirac semimetal hosting type-I and type-II Dirac points and that its electronic structure remains topologically trivial. We show that the inverted band gap in FeTe1−xSex can possibly be realized by further increase of Te content, but strong correlations reduce it to a sub-meV size, making the experimental detection of this gap and corresponding topological surface states very challenging, not to mention exact matching with the Fermi level. On the other hand, the p–d and d–d interactions are responsible for the formation of extremely flat band at the Fermi level pointing to its intimate relation with the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity in IBS.
The potential of Gantry beamline large momentum acceptance for real time tumour tracking in pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Fattori Giovanni , Zhang Ye , Meer David , Weber Damien Charles , Lomax Antony John , Safai Sairos
Published: September 2020

Tumour tracking is an advanced radiotherapy technique for precise treatment of tumours subject to organ motion. In this work, we addressed crucial aspects of dose delivery for its realisation in pencil beam scanning proton therapy, exploring the momentum acceptance and global achromaticity of a Gantry beamline to perform continuous energy regulation with a standard upstream degrader. This novel approach is validated on simulation data from three geometric phantoms of increasing complexity and one liver cancer patient using 4D dose calculations. Results from a standard high-to-low beamline ramping scheme were compared to alternative energy meandering schemes including combinations with rescanning. Target coverage and dose conformity were generally well recovered with tumour tracking even though for particularly small targets, large variations are reported for the different approaches. Meandering in energy while rescanning has a positive impact on target homogeneity and similarly, hot spots outside the targets are mitigated with a relatively fast convergence rate for most tracking scenarios, halving the volume of hot spots after as little as 3 rescans. This work investigates the yet unexplored potential of having a large momentum acceptance in medical beam line, and provides an alternative to take tumour tracking with particle therapy closer to clinical translation.
An IMiD-induced SALL4 degron system for selective degradation of target proteins
Authors: Yamanaka Satoshi , Shoya Yuki , Matsuoka Saya , Nishida-Fukuda Hisayo , Shibata Norio , Sawasaki Tatsuya
Published: September 2020

Regulating the amount of proteins in living cells is a powerful approach for understanding the functions of the proteins. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) induce the degradation of neosubstrates by interacting with celebron (CRBN) in the cullin E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4CRBN). Here, we developed the IMiD-dependent Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4) degron (S4D) system for chemical protein knockdown. In transient assays, an N- or C-terminal S4D tag induced the degradation of proteins localized to various subcellular compartments, including the plasma membrane. The activity of luciferase-S4D was reduced by 90% within 3 h of IMiD treatment. IMiD treatment reduced the expression of endogenous S4D-fused RelA and IκBα in knock-in (KI) experiments. Interestingly, the IκBα knockdown suggested that there may be another, unknown mechanism for RelA translocation to the nucleus. Furthermore, 5-hydroxythalidomide as a thalidomide metabolite specifically degradated S4D-tagged protein. These results indicate that the S4D system is a useful tool for cellular biology.
Flatfishes colonised freshwater environments by acquisition of various DHA biosynthetic pathways
Authors: Matsushita Yoshiyuki , Miyoshi Kaho , Kabeya Naoki , Sanada Shuwa , Yazawa Ryosuke , Haga Yutaka , Satoh Shuichi , Yamamoto Yoji , Strüssmann Carlos Augusto , Luckenbach John Adam , Yoshizaki Goro
Published: September 2020

The colonisation of freshwater environments by marine fishes has historically been considered a result of adaptation to low osmolality. However, most marine fishes cannot synthesise the physiologically indispensable fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), due to incomplete DHA biosynthetic pathways, which must be adapted to survive in freshwater environments where DHA is poor relative to marine environments. By analysing DHA biosynthetic pathways of one marine and three freshwater-dependent species from the flatfish family Achiridae, we revealed that functions of fatty acid metabolising enzymes have uniquely and independently evolved by multi-functionalisation or neofunctionalisation in each freshwater species, such that every functional combination of the enzymes has converged to generate complete and functional DHA biosynthetic pathways. Our results demonstrate the elaborate patchwork of fatty acid metabolism and the importance of acquiring DHA biosynthetic function in order for fish to cross the nutritional barrier at the mouth of rivers and colonise freshwater environments.