bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une méthode d'identification territoriale appliquée à l'Entre-Deux-Mers (Gironde) / A territorial identification method applied to the Entre-Deux-Mers (Gironde)
Authors: Di Méo Guy , Hinnewinkel Jean-Claude
Published: April 2011

To evaluate the territoriality of a geographical space, the "socio-spatial formation", a tool for geographers.

The geographical investigation method practiced with the tool of socio-spatial formation allows to single out the territorial component of a micro-regional space situated in the Bordeaux region : the « Entre-Deux-Mers ». The geographical, economical and political aspects of the model cannot alone define this space as a territory collectively represented and lived. Moreover, to resort to an ideological account and to the study of the dialectical relationship between socio-spatial infrastructures and superstructures in a context of a both cultural and associative rebirth, of a strong valorization of the agricultural production (renowned wines), and of periurbanization, casts light on the processes underlying a fragile, multiform territory, the abstract dimension of which prevails over its material consistency. This example has a broad methodological interest.
An efficient and practical entry to 2-amido-dienes and 3-amido-trienes from allenamides through stereoselective 1,3-hydrogen shifts
Authors: Hayashi Ryuji , Feltenberger John B , Lohse Andrew G , Walton Mary C , Hsung Richard P
Published: April 2011

Preparations of de novo acyclic 2-amido-dienes and 3-amido-trienes through 1,3-hydrogen shifts from allenamides are described. These 1,3-hydrogen shifts could be achieved thermally or they could be promoted by the use of Brønsted acids. Under either condition, these processes are highly regioselective in favour of the α-position, and highly stereoselective in favour of the E-configuration. In addition, 6π-electron electrocyclic ring-closure could be carried out with 3-amido-trienes to afford cyclic 2-amido-dienes, and such electrocyclic ring-closure could be rendered in tandem with the 1,3-hydrogen shift.
La politique portuaire européenne, entre ouverture au marché unique et développement durable
Authors: Guillaume Jacques
Published: April 2011

En tant que pôle important du commerce mondial, l’Union européenne s’intéresse de près à ses ports maritimes. Elle cherche à leur appliquer les règles du marché unique, pour qu’en substitution à chacun des systèmes portuaires des Etats-membres, s’affirme un système cohérent à l’échelle du continent. Pourtant, on ne fait pas forcément de développement territorial à partir des règles du marché et de multiples résistances sont apparues, que la promotion du développement durable cherche à contrer. Mais le développement durable n’est réellement soutenable qu’à la condition d’être intégral (au sens où il prend en compte toutes les dimensions du développement) et intégré (au sens où il met toutes ces dimensions en parfaite synergie).
Mobilités résidentielles et nationalité en banlieue parisienne (Yvelines, Seine-Saint-Denis et Val d'Oise) de 1996 à 2005
Authors: Bergel Pierre , Desponds Didier
Published: April 2011

Aborder la question de la nationalité suscite souvent de fortes inquiétudes : quels sont les objectifs poursuivis, à quoi l’étude va-t-elle servir ? Une fois ces réticences levées, se pose le problème de l’accès aux données permettant d’offrir un éclairage pertinent. Il s’agit ici d’exploiter les informations disponibles dans la base BIEN (Base d’informations économiques notariales) acquise auprès de la Chambre des notaires de Paris afin de proposer une analyse socio-géographique des transactions immobilières en Île-de-France impliquant des acquéreurs de nationalité non française. Ceux-ci se répartissent-ils de manière uniforme ? Des contrastes géographiques sont-ils observables ? L’actualisation régulière de la base BIEN permet de suivre les processus de transformation, de développer des approches de cinétique territoriale en identifiant des moments où se renforce un mouvement. Par contre, cette étude n’étant pas qualitative, il ne sera pas possible de décrire des stratégies résidentielles contribuant à alimenter ces dynamiques. Nous tenterons cependant de suggérer des pistes explicatives.
Humanimalité
Authors: Grim Olivier Rachid
Published: April 2011

Résumé Dracula comme figure d’épouvante – par sa capacité à se transformer, entre autres, en animaux divers – suscite, de l’individuel au collectif, un intérêt sans cesse renouvelé. Pourquoi ? À partir de la dimension mythique des récits de vampires, l’auteur, par l’entreprise comparatiste, s’attache à montrer combien la figure du vampire est la parfaite métaphore du pervers narcissique dans ce qu’il est et ce qu’il fait.
L'animal dans Le Terrier de Kafka, ou l'ultime combat contre la mort
Authors: Lehalle Béatrice
Published: April 2011

Résumé Au travers du Terrier , l’un des derniers récits de Kafka avant sa mort, existerait une figuration de l’animalité qui représente pour l’écrivain l’ultime combat contre la déliaison psychique face à la déliaison somatique.
Les identifications déshumanisantes : l'animalité dans la vie psychique et la création artistique
Authors: Korff-Sausse Simone
Published: April 2011

Résumé L’auteur se propose d’étudier quels sont les enjeux psychiques de la rencontre avec l’animal, ou plutôt de la confrontation à l’animalité, dans l’investigation et le traitement psychanalytiques, ainsi que dans certaines créations artistiques. Les identifications animales apparaissent chez certains patients, surtout ceux qui relèvent de ce que l’auteur a appelé les cliniques de l’extrême, y révélant des aspects peu abordés, parfois cachés, de la vie psychique, en mobilisant des réactions contre-transférentielles complexes. Freud a souligné la part animale dans le sujet humain et a dénoncé l’idée que l’humain se serait coupé de son animalité. L’animalité dans la psychanalyse concerne la question de la pulsion et, plus particulièrement, du refoulement organique. Kafka, en particulier avec la nouvelle Compte-rendu pour une Académie qui raconte l’histoire d’un singe transformé en homme, explore la part de l’homme dans l’animal et la part de l’animal dans l’humain et les métamorphoses qui font vaciller les frontières humain/nonhumain, ce qui se retrouve aussi bien dans la notion de « devenir-animal » de Deleuze que les travaux récents des éthologues. Alors, loin d’être un rejet de l’humanité, le recours à l’animal permet d’avoir accès à une identification qui donne forme à l’informe et qui peut être vecteur d’éléments positifs, réalisant des modalités alternatives de l’identité.
Salade dans la tête
Authors: Kadi Ulrike
Published: April 2011

Résumé Partant de l’énoncé d’un patient psychotique, cet article analyse la conception lacanienne de la métaphore, telle que Lacan l’a développée et modifiée entre 1960 et 1970. Elle sera comparée avec la conception de la métaphore présentée par Laplanche et Leclaire au cours du 6 e  colloque de Bonneval en 1960 sur l’inconscient, partant de Lacan. De plus, la critique de Lyotard, envers la considération lacanienne de la métaphore et sa fixation sur une approche linguistique, sera prise en compte.
MEKK3 Regulates IFN-γ Production in T Cells through the Rac1/2-Dependent MAPK Cascades
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Zhang Fan , Chen Fanping , Liu Dou , Zheng Yi , Zhang Yongliang , Dong Chen , Su Bing
Published: April 2011

MEKK3 is a conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase belonging to the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) family. MEKK3 is constitutively expressed in T cells, but its function in T cell immunity has not been fully elucidated. Using Mekk3 T cell conditional knockout (T-cKO) mice, we show that MEKK3 is required for T cell immunity in vivo. Mekk3 T-cKO mice had reduced T cell response to bacterial infection and were defective in clearing bacterial infections. The Ag-induced cytokine production, especially IFN-γ production, was impaired in Mekk3-deficient CD4 T cells. The TCR-induced ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPKs activation was also defective in Mekk3-deficient CD4 T cells. In vitro, MEKK3 is not required for Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Notably, under a nonpolarizing condition (Th0), Mekk3 deficiency led to a significant reduction of IFN-γ production in CD4 T cells. Furthermore, the IL-12/IL-18–driven IFN-γ production and MAPK activation in Mekk3-deficient T cells was not affected suggesting that MEKK3 may selectively mediate the TCR-induced MAPK signals for IFN-γ production. Finally, we found that MEKK3 activation by TCR stimulation requires Rac1/2. Taken together, our study reveals a specific role of MEKK3 in mediating the TCR signals for IFN-γ production.
The Tyrosine Kinase BMX Is an Essential Mediator of Inflammatory Arthritis in a Kinase-Independent Manner
Authors: Gottar-Guillier Marie , Dodeller Francis , Huesken Dieter , Iourgenko Vadim , Mickanin Craig , Labow Mark , Gaveriaux Samuel , Kinzel Bernd , Mueller Matthias , Alitalo Kari , Littlewood-Evans Amanda , Cenni Bruno
Published: April 2011

Inflammatory cytokines like TNF play a central role in autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. We identified the tyrosine kinase bone marrow kinase on chromosome X (BMX) as an essential component of a shared inflammatory signaling pathway. Transient depletion of BMX strongly reduced secretion of IL-8 in cell lines and primary human cells stimulated by TNF, IL-1β, or TLR agonists. BMX was required for phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, as well as activation of NF-κB. The following epistasis analysis indicated that BMX acts downstream of or at the same level as the complex TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1)–TAK1 binding protein. At the cellular level, regulation of the IL-8 promoter required the pleckstrin homology domain of BMX, which could be replaced by an ectopic myristylation signal, indicating a requirement for BMX membrane association. In addition, activation of the IL-8 promoter by in vitro BMX overexpression required its catalytic activity. Genetic ablation of BMX conferred protection in the mouse arthritis model of passive K/BxN serum transfer, confirming that BMX is an essential mediator of inflammation in vivo. However, genetic replacement with a catalytically inactive BMX allele was not protective in the same arthritis animal model. We conclude that BMX is an essential component of inflammatory cytokine signaling and that catalytic, as well as noncatalytic functions of BMX are involved.
Prevention of Bone Marrow Cell Apoptosis and Regulation of Hematopoiesis by Type I IFNs during Systemic Responses to Pneumocystis Lung Infection
Authors: Taylor David , Wilkison Michelle , Voyich Jovanka , Meissner Nicole
Published: April 2011

We recently demonstrated that lack of type I IFN signaling (IFNAR knockout) in lymphocyte-deficient mice (IFrag−/−) results in bone marrow (BM) failure after Pneumocystis lung infection, whereas lymphocyte-deficient mice with intact IFNAR (RAG−/−) had normal hematopoiesis. In the current work, we performed studies to define further the mechanisms involved in the induction of BM failure in this system. BM chimera experiments revealed that IFNAR expression was required on BM-derived but not stroma-derived cells to prevent BM failure. Signals elicited after day 7 postinfection appeared critical in determining BM cell fate. We observed caspase-8– and caspase-9–mediated apoptotic cell death, beginning with neutrophils. Death of myeloid precursors was associated with secondary oxidative stress, and decreasing colony-forming activity in BM cell cultures. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine could slow the progression of, but not prevent, BM failure. Type I IFN signaling has previously been shown to expand the neutrophil life span and regulate the expression of some antiapoptotic factors. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated reduced mRNA abundance for the antiapoptotic factors BCL-2, IAP2, MCL-1, and others in BM cells from IFrag−/− compared with that in BM cells from RAG−/− mice at day 7. mRNA and protein for the proapoptotic cytokine TNF-α was increased, whereas mRNA for the growth factors G-CSF and GM-CSF was reduced. In vivo anti–TNF-α treatment improved precursor cell survival and activity in culture. Thus, we propose that lack of type I IFN signaling results in decreased resistance to inflammation-induced proapoptotic stressors and impaired replenishment by precursors after systemic responses to Pneumocystis lung infection. Our finding may have implications in understanding mechanisms underlying regenerative BM depression/failure during complex immune deficiencies such as AIDS.
Peripheral T Cells Re-Enter the Thymus and Interfere with Central Tolerance Induction
Authors: Edelmann Stephanie L. , Marconi Peggy , Brocker Thomas
Published: April 2011

The thymus mainly contains developing thymocytes that undergo thymic selection. In addition, some mature activated peripheral T cells can re-enter the thymus. We demonstrated in this study that adoptively transferred syngeneic Ag-specific T cells can enter the thymus of lymphopenic mice, where they delete thymic dendritic cells and medullary thymic epithelial cells in an Ag-specific fashion, without altering general thymic functions. This induced sustained thymic release of autoreactive self-Ag–specific T cells suggested that adoptively transferred activated T cells can specifically alter the endogenous T cell repertoire by erasing negative selection of their own specificities. Especially in clinical settings in which adoptively transferred T cells cause graft-versus-host disease or graft-versus-leukemia, as well as in adoptive tumor therapies, these findings might be of importance, because the endogenous T cell repertoire might be skewed to contribute to both manifestations.
The Role of Protein Arginine Methylation in mRNP Dynamics
Authors: Yu Michael C.
Published: April 2011

In eukaryotes, messenger RNA biogenesis depends on the ordered and precise assembly of a nuclear messenger ribonucleoprotein particle (mRNP) during transcription. This process requires a well-orchestrated and dynamic sequence of molecular recognition events by specific RNA-binding proteins. Arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification found in a plethora of RNA-binding proteins responsible for mRNP biogenesis. These RNA-binding proteins include both heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins. In this paper, I discuss the mechanisms of action by which arginine methylation modulates various facets of mRNP biogenesis, and how the collective consequences of this modification impart the specificity required to generate a mature, translational- and export-competent mRNP.
Direction of Information Flow in Alzheimer′s Disease and MCI Patients
Authors: Vecchio Fabrizio , Babiloni Claudio
Published: April 2011

Is directionality of electroencephalographic (EEG) synchronization abnormal in amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer′s disease (AD)? And, do cerebrovascular and AD lesions represent additive factors in the development of MCI as a putative preclinical stage of AD? Here we reported two studies that tested these hypotheses. EEG data were recorded in normal elderly (Nold), amnesic MCI, and mild AD subjects at rest condition (closed eyes). Direction of information flow within EEG electrode pairs was performed by directed transfer function (DTF) at δ (2–4 Hz), θ (4–8 Hz), α1 (8–10 Hz), α2 (10–12 Hz), β1 (13–20 Hz), β2 (20–30 Hz), and γ (30–40 Hz). Parieto‐to‐frontal direction was stronger in Nold than in MCI and/or AD subjects for α and β rhythms. In contrast, the directional flow within interhemispheric EEG functional coupling did not discriminate among the groups. More interestingly, this coupling was higher at θ, α1, α2, and β1 in MCI with higher than in MCI with lower vascular load. These results suggest that directionality of parieto‐to‐frontal EEG synchronization is abnormal not only in AD but also in amnesic MCI, supporting the additive model according to which MCI state would result from the combination of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative lesions.
Review of HIV-Related Cytopathology
Authors: Lang Tee U. , Khalbuss Walid E. , Monaco Sara E. , Michelow Pam , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: April 2011

Exfoliative and aspiration cytologies play a major role in the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Common cytology samples include cervicovaginal and anal Papanicolaou tests, fine needle aspirations, respiratory specimens, body fluids, Tzanck preparations, and touch preparations from brain specimens. While the cytopathologists need to be aware of specific infections and neoplasms likely to be encountered in this setting, they should be aware of the current shift in the pattern of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases, as human immunodeficiency virus patients are living longer with highly active antiretroviral therapy and suffering fewer opportunistic infections with better antimicrobial prophylaxis. There is a rise in nonhuman immunodeficiency virus-defining cancers (e.g., anal cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma) and entities (e.g., gynecomastia) from drug-related side effects. Given that fine needle aspiration is a valuable, noninvasive, and cost-effective tool, it is frequently employed in the evaluation and diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases. Anal Papanicolaou tests are also increasing as a result of enhanced screening of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients for cancer. This paper covers the broad spectrum of disease entities likely to be encountered with human immunodeficiency virus-related cytopathology.
Lack of Association between the GPR3 Gene and the Risk for Alzheimer′s Disease
Authors: Dominici Roberto , Ronchi Marcello , Galimberti Daniela , Scarpini Elio , Finazzi Dario
Published: April 2011

Alzheimer′s disease is the most frequent form of dementia and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Genetic factors are important determinants of the individual susceptibility to the disease and many efforts have been made to identify loci and markers involved. Recent finding describes the GPR3 gene as a modulator of β‐amyloid production, suggesting that perturbation of its activity and function may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Furthermore, the gene is located at chromosome 1, in a region proposed as a susceptibility locus for the disease. We searched for nucleotide variations in the coding sequence and in the region 5 prime of it by dHPLC and analysed their distribution in a group of 104 AD patients and 109 age‐matched controls. We identified 5 types of variation, two in the putative promoter region (g.27718954A>G and g.27719102A>T) and the others in exon 2 (c.51C>A, c.80C>G, and c.771C>T). All of them were equally represented in the two cohorts of the study, thus suggesting the absence of an association between GPR3 gene and AD in our population.
Caring for Patients with CRF: Rewards and Benefits
Authors: Karkar Ayman
Published: April 2011

Patients with CRF usually progress through different stages before they reach ESRD and require special medical, social and psychological care and support during the pre-ESRD and following renal replacement therapy (RRT). Early referral of patients with CRF has the advantage of receiving adequate management and regular followup, with significant reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, attending an education program, prepared psychologically, participate in the decision of type of RRT, preemptive kidney transplantation, early creation of dialysis access, and adequate training in selected modality of RRT. During the early stages of commencement of RRT, psychological support and social care with rehabilitation program are mandatory. The degree of involvement and interaction must be individualized according to the needs of patient and type of RRT. A multidisciplinary team is crucial for implementation of a variety of strategies to help staff intervene more effectively in meeting the care needs of CRF patients.
Specific Silencing of L392V PSEN1 Mutant Allele by RNA Interference
Authors: Sierant Malgorzata , Paduszynska Alina , Kazmierczak-Baranska Julia , Nacmias Benedetta , Sorbi Sandro , Bagnoli Silvia , Sochacka Elzbieta , Nawrot Barbara
Published: April 2011

RNA interference (RNAi) technology provides a powerful molecular tool to reduce an expression of selected genes in eukaryotic cells. Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are the effector molecules that trigger RNAi. Here, we describe siRNAs that discriminate between the wild type and mutant (1174 C→G) alleles of human Presenilin1 gene (PSEN1). This mutation, resulting in L392V PSEN1 variant, contributes to early onset familial Alzheimer′s disease. Using the dual fluorescence assay, flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy we identified positions 8th–11th, within the central part of the antisense strand, as the most sensitive to mismatches. 2‐Thiouridine chemical modification introduced at the 3′‐end of the antisense strand improved the allele discrimination, but wobble base pairing adjacent to the mutation site abolished the siRNA activity. Our data indicate that siRNAs can be designed to discriminate between the wild type and mutant alleles of genes that differ by just a single nucleotide.
Diagnostic Workup for Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in the Era of KDIGO Guidelines
Authors: Morrone Luigi Francesco , Russo Domenico , Di Iorio Biagio
Published: April 2011

KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) is an international nonprofit organization devoted to “improve the care and outcomes of kidney disease patients worldwide through promoting coordination, collaboration, and integration of initiatives to develop and implement clinical practice guidelines.” The mineral and bone disorder (MBD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been the first area of interest of KDIGO international initiative. KDIGO guidelines on CKD-MBD were published in 2009 with the intent to modify the previous KDOQI guidelines that had failed to consistently change the global outcome of CKD patients. After the publication of KDOQI guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in 2003, a large number of observational data emerged in literature linking disordered mineral metabolism with adverse clinical outcomes. Notwithstanding this large body of observational data, a paucity of evidence from high-quality clinical trials was available for the development of KDIGO guidelines. Herein, a summary will be provided of the most important findings of KDIGO guidelines regarding the diagnostic workup and clinical monitoring of CKD-MBD patients.
Comparative Analysis of the Complication Profile following Palmar Plating versus External Fixation of Fractures of the Distal Radius
Authors: Wartinbee Daniel A , Miller Michael , Riboh Jonathan
Published: April 2011

Background

Much attention has been given recently to the complication profile of volar plate fixation of distal radial fractures. The purpose of this investigation was to compare complication rates among patients with distal radial fractures treated with volar plating versus those treated with external fixation.

Methods

Two parallel series of patients with comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures were reviewed. 59 patients were treated with external fixation and 56 patients with volar plate fixation. Postoperative radiographs, range of motion, grip strength, DASH scores, and VAS pain questionnaires were analyzed, and complications were described.

Results

The external fixation group had a significantly higher overall complication rate (p = 0.021) than the volar plate fixation group. In the volar plate group, there were more tendon complications and median nerve pathology. Radial shortening was greater in the external fixation group when compared to the volar plate fixation group. DASH scores and VAS scores were significantly higher in the external fixation group. Clinically, the patients in the volar plate fixation group had significantly greater arcs of motion in pronation-supination (p < 0.0001) and flexion-extension (p = 0.002) with a trend towards better grip strength (p = 0.0062).

Conclusions

Volar plate fixation for fractures of the distal radius provides an overall decreased incidence of complications, significantly less radial shortening, and significantly greater postoperative wrist motion when compared to external fixation. Volar plate fixation is also associated with lower VAS scores when compared to external fixation as well as DASH scores that approach statistical significance.

Level of evidence

III (retrospective comparative study).
Load-Bearing at the Meniscofemoral Joint: An in vitro Study in the Canine Knee
Authors: Indelli Pier Francesco , Szivek John A , Schnepp Andrew , Grana William A
Published: April 2011

Background

The role of the menisci on tibial load transmission and stress distribution has been extensively studied, but few studies have focused on the meniscofemoral joint during physiologic weightbearing. The objective of this study was to determine the contact areas and local contact stresses at the meniscofemoral interface during physiologic range of motion and axial-loading in the canine knee and to determine the influence of a partial or total meniscectomy.

Methods

Both fresh-frozen knees of 3 hound-type canines were tested in a universal testing machine configured for an axial-load of 90-120 N. Measurement of the contact area and the local contact stress were done at three different knee angles (30; 50; 70) and with both menisci intact, after partial meniscectomy, and after total meniscectomy. Pressure distribution was estimated by using pressure sensitive film inserted above the menisci.

Results

After partial meniscectomy, contact areas at 50° of knee flexion decreased approximately 25% on both femoral condyles, and local contact stress increased 30% on the medial femoral condyle but remained unchanged on the lateral. After total meniscectomy, contact areas at 50° of knee flexion decreased approximately 75% on both femoral condyles, and local contact stress increased approximately 60% on the medial compartment and 100% on the lateral compartment.

Conclusions

These data suggest that a conservative partial meniscectomy leaves the meniscus with an inferior weight distribution function; decreasing, but not canceling the protection on the femoral hyaline cartilage. A dramatic decrease of contact area followed by an increase of local contact stress was noted after a total meniscectomy. The clinical value of this study is to emphasize the biomechanical value of surgical procedures addressing the repair of damaged menisci.
Intra-articular Anakinra for the Treatment of Persistent Inflammation and Arthrofibrosis following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Brown Christopher A , Magnussen Robert A , Lawrence J Todd , Toth Alison P
Published: April 2011

Purpose

Postoperative inflammation and arthrofibrosis remain difficult problems following ACL reconstruction. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a potent driver of intra-articular inflammation and arthrofibrosis following injury and surgery. Anakinra (Kineret, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA) is an IL-1 receptor antagonist. We hypothesize that postoperative intra-articular anakinra use decreases inflammation and subsequent arthrofibrosis, reducing the need for arthroscopic debridement and manipulation under anesthesia.

Methods

Four patients (ages 15-56) who were treated with anakinra for persistent postoperative inflammation and scarring within 4 months of ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed. Anakinra was utilized when patients were unable to obtain full extension and at least 90° of flexion 1 month postoperatively in association with persistent effusions or decreased patellar mobility.

Results

Anakinra injection was performed between 36 and 97 days postsurgery. All four reported improvements in range of motion and decreased pain and effusions within 10 days of injection. One patient, who did not receive anakinra until more than 3 months postsurgery, required eventual arthroscopic debridement of a cyclops lesion but none of the patients required frank lysis of adhesions or manipulation under anesthesia. No adverse reactions to anakinra occurred.

Conclusion

Based on previous experience, we believe that all of these patients would have required arthroscopic debridement of scar tissue and manipulation under anesthesia to regain motion were not for the anakinra treatment. Clearly, the concept of IL-1 inhibition in the postoperative knee requires further research, but early results are promising for this unique treatment of a difficult clinical problem.
A two-dimensional volatility basis set: 1. organic-aerosol mixing thermodynamics
Authors: Donahue N. M. , Epstein S. A. , Pandis S. N. , Robinson A. L.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. We develop the thermodynamic underpinnings of a two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS) employing saturation mass concentration (Co) and the oxygen content (O:C) to describe volatility, mixing thermodynamics, and chemical evolution of organic aerosol. The work addresses a simple question: "Can we reasonably constrain organic-aerosol composition in the atmosphere based on only two measurable organic properties, volatility and the extent of oxygenation?" This is an extension of our earlier one-dimensional approach employing volatility only (C* = γ Co, where γ is an activity coefficient). Using available constraints on bulk organic-aerosol composition, we argue that one can reasonably predict the composition of organics (carbon, oxygen and hydrogen numbers) given a location in the Co – O:C space. Further, we argue that we can constrain the activity coefficients at various locations in this space based on the O:C of the organic aerosol.
Attribution of ozone changes to dynamical and chemical processes in CCMs and CTMs
Authors: Garny H. , Grewe V. , Dameris M. , Bodeker G. E. , Stenke A.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. Chemistry-climate models (CCMs) are commonly used to simulate the past and future development of Earth's ozone layer. The fully coupled chemistry schemes calculate the chemical production and destruction of ozone interactively and ozone is transported by the simulated atmospheric flow. Due to the complexity of the processes acting on ozone it is not straightforward to disentangle the influence of individual processes on the temporal development of ozone concentrations. A method is introduced here that quantifies the influence of chemistry and transport on ozone concentration changes and that is easily implemented in CCMs and chemistry-transport models (CTMs). In this method, ozone tendencies (i.e. the time rate of change of ozone) are partitioned into a contribution from ozone production and destruction (chemistry) and a contribution from transport of ozone (dynamics). The influence of transport on ozone in a specific region is further divided into export of ozone out of that region and import of ozone from elsewhere into that region. For this purpose, a diagnostic is used that disaggregates the ozone mixing ratio field into 9 separate fields according to in which of 9 predefined regions of the atmosphere the ozone originated. With this diagnostic the ozone mass fluxes between these regions are obtained. Furthermore, this method is used here to attribute long-term changes in ozone to chemistry and transport. The relative change in ozone from one period to another that is due to changes in production or destruction rates, or due to changes in import or export of ozone, are quantified. As such, the diagnostics introduced here can be used to attribute changes in ozone on monthly, interannual and long-term time-scales to the responsible mechanisms. Results from a CCM simulation are shown here as examples, with the main focus of the paper being on introducing the method.
Implicit Semantic Priming in Spanish-Speaking Children and Adults: An Auditory Lexical Decision Task
Authors: Girbau Dolors , Schwartz Richard G.
Published: April 2011

Although receptive priming has long been used as a way to examine lexical access in adults, few studies have applied this method to children and rarely in an auditory modality. We compared auditory associative priming in children and adults. A testing battery and a Lexical Decision (LD) task was administered to 42 adults and 27 children (8;1–10;11 years-old) from Spain. They listened to Spanish word pairs (semantically related/unrelated word pairs and word-pseudoword pairs), and tone pairs. Then participants pressed one key for word pairs, and another for pairs with a word and a pseudoword. They also had to press the two keys alternatively for tone pairs as a basic auditory control. Both groups of participants, children and adults, exhibited semantic priming, with significantly faster Reaction Times (RTs) to semantically related word pairs than to unrelated pairs and to the two word-pseudoword sets. The priming effect was twice as large in the adults compared to children, and the children (not the adults) were significantly slower in their response to word-pseudoword pairs than to the unrelated word pairs. Moreover, accuracy was somewhat higher in adults than children for each word pair type, but especially in the word-pseudoword pairs. As expected, children were significantly slower than adults in the RTs for all stimulus types, and their RTs decreased significantly from 8 to 10 years of age and they also decreased in relation to some of their language abilities development (e.g., relative clauses comprehension). In both age groups, the Reaction Time average for tone pairs was lower than for speech pairs, but only all adults obtained 100% accuracy (which was slightly lower in children). Auditory processing and semantic networks are still developing in 8-10 year old children.
Victim Blaming and Exoneration of the Perpetrator in Domestic Violence: The Role of Beliefs in a Just World and Ambivalent Sexism
Authors: Valor-Segura Inmaculada , Expósito Francisca , Moya Miguel
Published: April 2011

The existence of domestic violence is closely linked to several ideological factors that include sexism and other beliefs about society in general, namely the belief in a just world. In this study, which involved 485 people of both sexes aged between 18 and 70 years, we analyzed the influence of these ideological variables of the perceivers and characteristics of the situation on judgments of a gender aggression – blaming the victim and exonerating the perpetrator. Results showed differences in the reactions of observers depending on the cause that triggered the aggression. Participants blamed the victim and exonerated the aggressor more when no cause of the aggression was mentioned than when a cause was mentioned (the woman wanted to separate, to see an old male friend, or simply to take a trip with her female friends). We also found clear effects of hostile sexism and just world beliefs on the dependent variables. Results showed that the influence of just world beliefs depended on the fact of mention or not a cause for the aggression.
Acculturative Stress in Latin-American Immigrants: An Assessment Proposal
Authors: Hernández José Antonio Ruiz , Hernández Ginesa Torrente , González Ángel Rodríguez , de la Fe María del Carmen Ramírez
Published: April 2011

The aim of this paper was to develop an instrument to assess levels of stress experienced by Latin-American immigrants in their acculturative process in Spain. A sample of 692 immigrants from Latin America, aged 20 to 63 years, took part on this study (54.9% males and 45.1% females). A 24-item questionnaire with high reliability (.92) was elaborated. Six factors related to acculturative stress were found: 1) discrimination and rejection; 2) differences with the out-group (native Spaniards); 3) citizenship problems and legality; 4) problems concerning social relationships with other immigrants; 5) nostalgia and longing; and 6) family break-up. Our findings show that participants have a high level of stress related to nostalgia and longing, family break-up, and the perception of discrimination and rejection by natives. The usefulness of the instrument and its applications and restrictions are discussed.
The Impact of Environmental Stressors and Types of Work Contract on Occupational Stress
Authors: Corrêa Ana Paula , Ferreira Maria Cristina
Published: April 2011

This study aimed to investigate the impact of seven environmental stressors (role conflict, work overload, interpersonal difficulties, work-family conflict, work instability, lack of autonomy and pressure of responsibility) and the nature of the employment contract (permanent or atypical) on three psychological reactions to occupational stress (job satisfaction, positive emotions, and negative emotions at work). 305 Brazilian workers from both sexes participated in this research, distributed between permanent and atypical workers. The results showed that the role conflict and the work overload had a negative impact on job satisfaction. The role conflict had a negative impact on the positive emotions at work, while the pressure of responsibility interfered positively in it. The work overload interfered positively in the negative emotions at work, while the pressure of responsibility interfered negatively in it. The type of contract did not affect significantly any one of the dependent variables. The implications of the results for future research are discussed.
Personal and Situational Variables, and Career Concerns: Predicting Career Adaptability in Young Adults
Authors: Yousefi Zahra , Abedi Mohammadreza , Baghban Iran , Eatemadi Ozra , Abedi Ahmade
Published: April 2011

This study examined relationships among career adaptability and career concerns, social support and goal orientation. We surveyed 304 university students using measures of career concerns, adaptability (career planning, career exploration, self-exploration, decision-making, self-regulation), goal-orientation (learning, performance-prove, performance-avoid) and social support (family, friends, significant others). Multiple regression analysis revealed career concerns, learning and performance-prove goal orientations emerged relatively as the most important contributors. Other variables did not contribute significantly.
Impact of a School-Based Disordered Eating Prevention Program in Adolescent Girls: General and Specific Effects Depending on Adherence to the Interactive Activities
Authors: López-Guimerà Gemma , Sánchez-Carracedo David , Fauquet Jordi , Portell Mariona , Raich Rosa M.
Published: April 2011

This study assessed the impact of a school-based program aimed at preventing disordered eating. The program was based on the media-literacy approach and has interactive format. The program was assessed under strong methodological conditions. Seven schools with 263 Spanish adolescent girls in the area of Barcelona, were randomly assigned to either the complete prevention program condition, the partial program condition or the non-treatment control condition, and assessed at pre, post and 6-month follow-up. The program was effective in generating positive changes at follow-up. The effects sizes (ESd= 0.29 to ESd= 0.38) were greater, on average, than that obtained up to now in selective-universal programs, and similar or greater than that achieved by targeted prevention programs. The results indicate a greater and relevant effect size of the intervention in those participants who completed the inter-session interactive activities (ESd= 0.29 to ESd= 0.45) although the differences were not significant. These results suggest the importance of monitoring adherence to the activities in all programs defined as “interactive”. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
Working Memory, Text Comprehension, and Propositional Reasoning: A New Semantic Anaphora WM Test
Authors: Carriedo Nuria , Elosúa M. Rosa , García-Madruga Juan A.
Published: April 2011

The aim of this study was to present a new working memory test following the line of work started by García-Madruga et al. (2007) and to examine its relation to reading comprehension and propositional reasoning measures. In that study we designed a new working memory span test –based on Daneman & Carpenter's (1980) Reading Span Test (RST)– in which the processing task called for an inferential decision –to resolve a pronominal anaphora based on Morpho-Syntactic cues– and had people recall the result of this inference. In the current study, besides the RST and the Morpho-Syntactic Anaphora test, we presented a new Semantic Anaphora measure. In order to check the validity of this new Working Memory (WM) task, we used the same reasoning task used in the previous study as well as a new reading comprehension test. The results show the tight relationship amongst working memory, reading comprehension and reasoning, and confirm the validity of the new WM measure.
Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention among Women with Slight Menopausal Symptoms: A Pilot Study
Authors: García Cristina Larroy , Gómez-Calcerrada Sonia Gutiérrez
Published: April 2011

Menopause is associated with a considerable variety of physical, psychological and social symptoms that can be treated using cognitive-behavioral techniques. In the present study, 21 women took part in an eight-week group intervention consisting of weekly two-hour sessions to address their slight symptoms related to the climacteric stage of life. The intervention included: psycho education on menopause, relaxation techniques, nutrition and fitness exercises, Kegel exercises, and problem-solving techniques. A control group was included that did not receive treatment and consisted of 28 women. The results revealed a significant reduction in most symptoms (including depression and anxiety) after intervention as compared to the baseline period. No changes appeared in the control group. The relevance of this work lies in the potential element of prevention this therapeutic package could offer to relieve various symptoms, slight and incipient, during the perimenopausal stage.
Relations between Life Satisfaction, Adjustment to Illness, and Emotional Distress in a Sample of Men with Ischemic Cardiopathy
Authors: Ruiz María Ángeles , Sanjuan Pilar , Pérez-García Ana M. , Rueda Beatriz
Published: April 2011

Fifty-two men who had suffered a first episode ischemic heart disease reported their degree of life satisfaction, the strategies they used to adjust to the illness, and the symptoms of anxiety and depression they felt. The multiple regression analyses carried out indicated that emotional distress was associated with a lower level of life satisfaction. In the analyses of anxiety symptoms, the use of negative adjustment strategies was also a significant predictor. Lastly, a significant Life Satisfaction x Type of Adjustment interaction was obtained. According to this, the patients who felt more satisfaction with their lives used more positive strategies to adjust to the illness and fewer negative ones, than the group of patients who were less satisfied. In conclusion, life satisfaction predicts emotional well-being of patients with ischemic heart disease and it enhances the implementation of appropriate strategies to cope with the disease. Moreover, although life satisfaction has been considered a stable measure, we suggest it may change as the experience of illness limits individuals' important goals.
Dependence and Physical Exercise: Spanish Validation of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R)
Authors: Sicilia Álvaro , González-Cutre David
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R). To achieve this goal, a sample of 531 sport center users was used and the psychometric properties of the EDS-R were examined through different analyses. The results supported both the first-order seven-factor model and the higher-order model (seven first-order factors and one second-order factor). The structure of both models was invariant across age. Correlations among the subscales indicated a related factor model, supporting construct validity of the scale. Alpha values over .70 (except for Reduction in Other Activities) and suitable levels of temporal stability were obtained. Users practicing more than three days per week had higher scores in all subscales than the group practicing with a frequency of three days or fewer. The findings of this study provided reliability and validity for the EDS-R in a Spanish context.
Assessment of the Behavioral Inhibition System and the Behavioral Approach System: Adaptation and Validation of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) in a Chilean Sample
Authors: Dufey Michele , Fernández Ana María , Mourgues Catalina
Published: April 2011

The goal of the present study is to estimate the psychometric properties of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ; Torrubia, Ávila, Moltó, & Caseras, 2001) in a sample of Chilean college students. The main hypothesis is that the instrument would show appropriate levels of reliability and validity, in light of previous validation studies. A pilot study was conducted in order to generate the adapted version of the questionnaire, which was then applied to a student sample from different undergraduate careers (n = 434). The results show the expected levels of reliability (test-retest and internal consistency). The factorial validity does not comply with the expected model, suggesting a further consideration of the structure of the questionnaire. External validity is appropriate, as the questionnaire shows the expected correlations with other personality measures. It is concluded that the SPSRQ is adequate for the context of validation, and this study contributes to the generalization of the questionnaire, since the results are consistent with the expected psychometric properties that have been reported in the literature.
Psychometric Characteristics of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in an Argentinean Sample: A Cross-Cultural Contribution
Authors: Rodríguez-Biglieri Ricardo , Vetere Giselle Lorena
Published: April 2011

Although studies in several populations have provided support for Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSQW) reliability and validity, factor analysis studies carried out on different populations show divergent results. The aim of this article is to contribute with the cross-cultural literature on PSWQ. This report describes two studies examining the psychometric characteristics of a revised Argentinean version of the PSWQ. In the first study, items of original PSWQ were translated into Spanish and then back-translated into English. Then, in order to examine its reliability and factorial structure, the instrument was completed by 400 community participants. The second study included two groups of participants as follows: patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and patients with other anxiety disorders (AC). Results revealed appropriated test-retest reliability over a four-week period, high internal consistency, and good convergent and discriminant validity for PSWQ. In concordance with some results reported in previous studies, a single factorial structure was confirmed for the Argentinean version of PSWQ. By the other hand, a receiver operating characteristic analysis was made to evaluate the ability of PSWQ to discriminate GAD from individuals with others anxiety disorders. A total score of 63 simultaneously optimized sensitivity and specificity in discriminating GAD patients from patients with others anxiety disorders.