bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Hydroelastic Interaction among a Floating Elastic Plate, Water Waves, and Exponential Shear Currents
Authors: Wang Ping , Wang Yongyan , Huo Xintai
Published: August 2020

Nonlinear hydroelastic interaction among a floating elastic plate, a train of deepwater waves, and a current which decays exponentially with depth is studied analytically. We introduce a stream function to obtain the governing equation with the dynamic boundary condition expressing a balance among the hydrodynamic, the shear currents, elastic, and inertial forces. We use the Dubreil-Jacotin transformation to reformulate the unknown free surface as a fixed location in the calculations. The convergent analytical series solutions for the floating plate deflection are obtained with the aid of the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of the shear current are discussed in detail. It is found that the phase speed decreases with the increase of the vorticity parameter in the opposing current, while the phase speed increases with the increase of the vorticity parameter in the aiding current. Larger vorticity tends to increase the horizontal velocity. In the opposing current, the horizontal velocity under the wave crest delays more quickly as the depth increases than that of waves under the wave trough, while in the aiding current case, there is the opposite effect. Furthermore, the larger vorticity can sharpen the hydroelastic wave crest and smooth the trough on an opposing current, while it produces an opposite effect on an aiding current.
Temperature Distribution in Porous Fins, Subjected to Convection and Radiation, Obtained from the Minimization of a Convex Functional
Authors: Martins-Costa Maria Laura , Vendas Sarmento Vinícius , Moraes de Lira Allan , Saldanha da Gama Rogério M.
Published: August 2020

This work proposes a convex functional endowed with a minimum, which occurs for the solution of the thermal radiation and natural convection heat transfer problem in a rectangular profile porous fin with a fluid flowing through it. The minimum principle ensures the (mathematically demonstrated) uniqueness of the solution and allows the problem simulation by employing a minimization procedure. Darcy’s law with the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation simplifies the momentum equation. The energy equation assumes thermal equilibrium between the porous matrix and fluid, allowing comparisons with previous authors’ models, which accounts for the effects of a porosity parameter, a radiation parameter, and a temperature ratio on the temperature. Results for very long fin and finite-length fin with insulated tip were successfully compared with previous works. Closed-form exact solutions for two limiting cases (no convection and no thermal radiation) are also presented.
Rockburst Monitoring in Deep Coalmines with Protective Coal Panels Using Integrated Microseismic and Computed Tomography Methods
Authors: Li Dong , Zhang Junfei
Published: August 2020

In deep coalmines, longwall panels are subject to high static initial geostress andhigh dynamic stress caused by mining and tunnelling activities. Under the action of high static and dynamic stress, rockburst hazards are very likely to occur. To reduce rockburst risks, protective panels are commonly applied in deep coalmines. However, stress concentration in the protective coal panel often causes rockburst hazards in the gateway of the next longwall panel pending mining. To reduce such type of rockburst, this study firstly proposes a mathematic model to analyse the overall static stress distribution in the protective panel based on the mining practice in Longyun coalmine, Shandong Province, China. To evaluate the stress concentration caused by geological defects in the protective panel, a new rockburst evaluation index is proposed based on the computed tomography (CT) method. Finally, the extent of dynamic stress evolution caused by different working face advancing velocities is determined by microseismic monitoring. Results show that the areas with higher rockburst evaluation indexes are highly associated with the areas with large-energy microseismic events, indicating that the static stress concentration can be accurately identified by the CT method. A medium advancing velocity (4.0 m/s) is recommend during mining the longwall panel, which can ensure mining safety and improve mining productivity simultaneously. The integrated microseismic and CT monitoring methods can be used in other underground projects to guarantee construction safety and productivity.
Effect of Lentivirus‐Mediated miR‐499a‐3p on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zheng Huilei , Li Juan , Chen Ying , Gong Danping , Wen Jianlin , Mai Lanxian , Zeng Zhiyu
Published: August 2020

Objective. To explore the possible role of miR‐499a‐3p in the function of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the expression of ADAM10 in primary HUVEC. Method. miR‐499a‐3p was first transfected into primary HUVECs via lentivirus vector. The viability, proliferation, and migration of stable transfected primary HUVEC were then determined by flow cytometry, CCK8 assays, scratch tests, and Transwell tests. The transcription of miR‐499a‐3p and ADAM10 was examined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and the expression of ADAM10 was examined by Western blot (WB). Results. After transfection, miR‐499a‐3p transcription was significantly increased (P < 0.01), compared to the blank and nonspecific control (NC) groups, while both ADAM10 transcription and expression were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In contrast, in the inhibitors group, miR‐499a‐3p transcription was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) whereas both ADAM10 transcription and expression were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The viability, proliferation, and migration of primary HUVECs were significantly impaired (P < 0.05) by the transfection of miR‐499a‐3p but enhanced by miR‐499a‐3p inhibitors (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Upregulation of miR‐499a‐3p transcription will inhibit the expression of ADAM10 in HUVECs; cell migration and proliferation, however, promote apoptosis. And reverse effects were established by downregulation of miR‐499a‐3p transcription. All these effects may be achieved by regulating the transcription and expression of ADAM10. These results combined suggested that miR‐499a‐3p may affect the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of endothelial cells and regulate AS by regulating ADAM10. miR‐499a‐3p may become a candidate biomarker for the diagnosis of unstable angina pectoris (UA).
A Trans‐Scale Young’ Modulus Calculation Model of ITZ Based on Void Shape Randomness and Calcium Hydroxide Enrichment
Authors: Liu Junqing , Zuo Fan , Liu Chao
Published: August 2020

The randomness of void shape and enrichment of calcium hydroxide are significant in interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of concrete; however, current theoretical models of ITZ do not include these features. In this article, ITZ was regarded as a three‐phase composite material, and the pore morphological parameters were defined according to the characteristics of microscopic pores, and the corresponding random distribution function was constructed. The calcium hydroxide enrichment factor was introduced, and a cross‐scale ITZ Young’s modulus calculation model was established in combination with the Mori–Tanaka method. The reliability of the proposed model in this paper was verified through comparison to experimental results in a reference.
Mobile Stroke Unit in the UK Healthcare System: Avoidance of Unnecessary Accident and Emergency Admissions
Authors: Grunwald Iris Q. , Phillips Daniel J. , Sexby David , Wagner Viola , Lesmeister Martin , Bachhuber Monika , Mathur Shrey , Guyler Paul , Fisher James , Perera Saman , Helwig Stefan A. , Schottek Andrea , Ewart Ian , Menon Nisha , Inam Ul Haq Muhammad , Grün Daniel , Merzou Fatma , Howard Caroline , Mapplebeck Sarah , Dommett David , Alam Sajid , Chakrabarti Annie , Gerry Stephen , Wiltshire Chris , Bailey Marcus , Bertsch Thomas , Foster Theresa , Davis Tom , Reith Wolfgang , Fassbender Klaus , Walter Silke
Published: August 2020

Background: Acute stroke patients are usually transported to the nearest hospital regardless of their required level of care. This can lead to increased pressure on emergency departments and treatment delay. Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the benefit of a mobile stroke unit (MSU) in the UK National Health Service (NHS) for reduction of hospital admissions. Methods: Prospective cohort audit observation with dispatch of the MSU in the East of England Ambulance Service area in Southend-on-Sea was conducted. Emergency patients categorized as code stroke and headache were included from June 5, 2018, to December 18, 2018. Rate of avoided admission to the accident and emergency (A&E) department, rate of admission directly to target ward, and stroke management metrics were assessed. Results: In 116 MSU-treated patients, the following diagnoses were made: acute stroke, n = 33 (28.4%); transient ischaemic attacks, n = 13 (11.2%); stroke mimics, n = 32 (27.6%); and other conditions, n = 38 (32.8%). Pre-hospital thrombolysis was administered to 8 of 28 (28.6%) ischaemic stroke patients. Pre-hospital diagnosis avoided hospital admission for 29 (25.0%) patients. As hospital treatment was indicated, 35 (30.2%) patients were directly triaged to the stroke unit, 1 patient (0.9%) even directly to the catheter laboratory. Thus, only 50 (43.1%) patients required transfer to the A&E department. Moreover, the MSU enabled thrombolysis with a median dispatch-to-needle time of 42 min (interquartile range, 40–60). Conclusion: This first deployment of an MSU in the UK NHS demonstrated improved triage decision-making for or against hospital admission and admission to the appropriate target ward, thereby reducing pressure on strained A&E departments.
Asymptomatic Uncountable Urinary Bladder Stones Removal: Play the Winner
Authors: Nour Hani H. , Mahmoud Taha F. , Alzaabi Lemya
Published: August 2020

Urinary bladder stones are a common condition in elderly males, and they are usually related to infravesical obstruction secondary to prostate enlargement. Endoscopic management of bladder stone is the gold standard treatment; yet, in some cases, return to conventional open surgery is necessary. In our article, we reported the case of a 73-year-old male patient with accidentally discovered multiple urinary bladder stones. Cystolithotomy was the treatment of choice which went uneventfully with a smooth postoperative course.
The Influence of Breastfeeding, Cesarean Section, Pet Animals, and Urbanization on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Data from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study
Authors: Lautenschlager Severin A. , Fournier Nicolas , Biedermann Luc , Pittet Valerie , Schreiner Philipp , Misselwitz Benjamin , Scharl Michael , Rogler Gerhard , Siebenhüner Alexander R. ,   on behalf of the Swiss IBD Cohort Study Group
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is incompletely understood. Current concepts imply that environmental factors (EFs) trigger disease onset as well as flares in genetically susceptible individuals. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the association between IBD and various EFs, which may influence the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods: 2,294 patients from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study (SIBDCS) received a questionnaire regarding EF including mode of delivery, breastfeeding, animals in household, and place of residence. The control group comprised patients’ childhood friends, who grew up in a similar environment (“friends cohort”). Results: A total of 1,111 questionnaires were returned from SIBDCS patients (response rate: 48.4%). Breastfeeding for <6 months was associated with a decreased risk for ulcerative colitis/indeterminate colitis (UC/IC) (OR: 0.473, p = 0.006). IBD patients reported less pet animals in the household than the control group (p = 0.004). The presence of cats or dogs (OR: 0.688, p = 0.015) and pet rodents (OR: 0.598, p = 0.001) in the household before the age of 20 was inversely associated with the risk for UC/IC. Conclusion: The present study underlines the importance of EFs in the pathogenesis of IBD. Overall, the development of UC/IC seems to be more affected from environmental influences than from Crohn’s disease. Our results imply a protective effect of possessing pet animals in household and short breastfeeding regarding the onset of UC/IC.
Evaluation of a Product Containing Xyloglucan and Pea Protein on Skin Barrier Permeability
Authors: Campolo Michela , Lanza Marika , Filippone Alessia , Paterniti Irene , Casili Giovanna , Scuderi Sarah A. , Ardizzone Alessio , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Esposito Emanuela
Published: August 2020

Objective: The skin acts as a mechanical and protective barrier against viral, fungal, and bacterial infections. Skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are characterized by alterations of the skin barrier, often caused by injury and by bacterial infections. In the last years, non-pharmacological interventions have gained great importance in epidermis-related diseases. Xyloglucan (XG) is a polysaccharide that possesses a “mucin-like” molecular structure that confers mucoadhesive properties, allowing XG-containing formulations to act as a protective barrier for the management of different diseases. Moreover, there is also increasing interest in the use of proteins due to their film-forming features. This study aimed to evaluate the barrier-protective properties of a product containing XG and pea protein (PP) in an in vitro model, assessing its effects on the membrane permeability of keratinocytes infected by Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: HaCaT keratinocytes were pretreated with XG and PP for 3 h and then infected with S. aureus cells (106 bacteria/well) at a multiplicity of infection of 10 for 1 h. The number of bacterial colonies and membrane integrity were measured, respectively. Results: We observed that pretreatment with XG and PP in human HaCaT keratinocytes infected with S. aureus significantly increased trans-epithelial electrical resistance (a marker of skin barrier function) measurement, reduced lucifer yellow (a marker of membrane integrity) permeation across the monolayer, and released lactate dehydrogenase (a marker of tissue damage). Moreover, XG and PP pretreatment was able to reduce bacterial adherence, avoiding S. aureus infection. Conclusion: In summary, we demonstrated that the product containing XG and PP was able to maintain barrier permeability preserving its integrity, and therefore, it can be considered as an interesting approach for the management of epidermis-related diseases.
EFFECTS OF FIRE ON STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF VEGETATION COMMUNITY IN PINE FORESTS, NAM NAO NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND
Authors: Wanthongchai Kobsak , Tarusadamrongdet Voradet
Published: August 2020

Anthropogenic forest fires, including those occurring in the pine forests of Thailand, have been widely reported. Although pine forests are fire dependent, too frequent burning could be unhealthy for the forest as it might result in nutrient depletion and ecosystem degradation. Hence, this study aimed to examine the effects of forest fire on the vegetation structure and composition of a degraded pine forest (PF) and in a mixed pine-oak forest (O-PF) of Phu Kum Khao, Nam Nao National Park, Phetchabun Province, Thailand. The effects of fire in one year were studied using three 50 x 50 m experimental plots established in each forest type. Results showed that fire events caused a significantly higher tree mortality rate in the degraded pine forest than in the mixed pine-oak forest. Moreover, the seedling ratio (number of sprout to number of seedling ratio) in the mixed pine-oak forest was higher than in the degraded pine forest.Â  Although the sapling and seedling diameters were slightly different between the sites, no significant effect of burning was observed on the sapling and seedling density, diameter and height. This might be due to the high variation of fire behavior in each plot. Since forest fires are a potential factor that might cause forest degradation in the study area, further studies on the effects of fire frequency on vegetation structure and composition is needed to provide sufficient fire control measures for efficient forest fire management to prevent further ecosystem degradation.
Salud escolar - aprendizaje social y responsabilidad pública: transversalidades y diálogos
Authors: Besen Gina Rizpah ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Energia e ambiente, Ribas Maria Aparecida Pimentel Toloza ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública
Published: August 2020

Esta obra é resultado do Projeto de Pesquisa "Política e Desigualdades Escolares no Acesso e Uso de Água Potável, seus impactos na saúde escolar e qualidade de vida socioambiental". Neste livro, a ênfase em práticas que estimulam a interdisciplinaridade e a transversalidade revela o potencial que existe para sair do lugar comum e o trabalho com temáticas que estimulam mudanças no comportamento, responsabilidade social e ética ambiental estimula outro olhar. Trata-se da importância de se compreender a complexidade envolvida nos processos e o desafio de ter uma atitude mais reflexiva e atuante, por conseguinte, tomando os envolvidos mais responsáveis, cuidadosos e engajados em processos colaborativos com o meio ambiente.
Poema sem título que versa sobre o fio que urdiu a história em uma escola chamada Bauhaus
Authors: Pedrosa Aziz José de Oliveira
Published: August 2020

Criação literária.
Lorca, um grão Andaluz
Authors: Stevanin Augusto
Published: August 2020

Criação literária.
Dois poemas
Authors: Rabelo Adriano de Paula
Published: August 2020

Criação literária.
Quando não escrevemos, escrevemos: a performance na escrita de si
Authors: Kaspar Katerina Blasques
Published: August 2020

Aproximando os conceitos de autoficção e de performance, a partir sobretudo das discussões de Diana Klinger, Diana Taylor e Renato Cohen, adentraremos o projeto Não Escrever, de Paloma Vidal. Estaremos interessados em observar como as duas manifestações que percorrem seu projeto, oferecidas ao público em formato de performance e de livro-cartonero (prática argentina de confeccionar livros manualmente com papelão), convivem e integram de modo equilibrado o processo criativo da escritora. Discutiremos também como o elemento performático é relevante para a escrita de Vidal, na construção de sua escrita de si e na constituição de sua persona.
Uma leitura de O Grifo de Abdera de Lourenço Mutarelli como realidades múltiplas
Authors: Zeni Lielson
Published: August 2020

No romance O Grifo de Abdera, o autor Lourenço Mutarelli traz para primeiro plano da narrativa um jogo de múltiplas identidades que se relacionam de modo conflituoso, mas nem por isso menos produtivo. Em uma mescla de realidade e ficção, Mutarelli propõe que ele não passa de um personagem criado por um escritor que não gosta de aparecer, interpretado por um ator. A partir disso, a carreia literária e quadrinística de Mutarelli é revisitada do ponto de vista da ilusão e da farsa, a partir de seus biografemas. Além dessa expansão da ficção para realidade (e de volta à ficção), há também um longo trecho do romance em história em quadrinhos, além de atos performáticos, o que conduz a multiplicação das realidades a partir da ficção.
Um concerto para muitas vozes / e uma resenha a quatro mãos / em diálogo: resenha de Canção de amor para João Gilberto Noll (2019), de Luis Alberto Brandão
Authors: Caldas Juliana , Fernandes Thiago H.
Published: August 2020

Resenha da obra Canção de amor para João Gilberto Noll (2019), de Luis Alberto Brandão.
Golden Jackal Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) distribution pattern and feeding at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Authors: Baskaran Nagarajan , Karthikeyan Ganesan , Ramkumaran Kamaraj
Published: August 2020

Golden Jackal Canis aureus, a medium-sized omnivore belonging to the family Canidae, ranges widely from Europe and extends across the middle-east to India.  It’s adaptable social system according to the distribution of food resources enabling it to range widely from desert to evergreen forests, mangroves, rural, and semi-urban human-agro-ecosystems.  Despite its wide distribution, the species has not received adequate scientific attention in much of its southern India range.  This study was carried out to assess its distribution pattern, diet composition, and prey preference at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, a well-known habitat for the jackal and the only predator of the sanctuary.  Data on distribution collected through extensive field surveys revealed that the species distribution is uniform in southern and southeastern parts of the sanctuary, in areas where the habitat is more open with grasslands and mudflats and is patch in the tropical dry-evergreen habitat.  Analysis of 155 scat samples revealed that the diet comprised 19 species of food items, including mammals, birds, insects, other invertebrates, and plant matter characterizing omnivorous nature.  Temporal variation in diet composition—with significantly higher proportion of birds during winter than in summer—coincides with abundance of prey species in relation to season, which indicate the opportunistic foraging and hunting nature of the species.  Data on diet preference showed that jackals in the area preferred Black-naped Hare, Spotted Dove and Lapwing followed by Chital, Grey Francolin, Cattle Egret, and Large Egret, while Blackbuck, Bonnet Macaque, and cattle were not preferred, which is discussed under optimal foraging.  The jackal being the only large-sized predator of this natural system, more detailed studies and effective measures to conserve the species are vital not only to understand the prey-predator mechanism, but also to conserve the biodiversity of this unique ecosystem.
Use of an embedded fruit by Nicobar Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis umbrosus: II. Demographic influences on choices of coconuts Cocos nucifera and pattern of forays to palm plantations
Authors: Das Sayantan , David Rebekah C. , Anand Ashvita , Harikumar Saurav , Rajan Rubina , Singh Mewa
Published: August 2020

Adaptive pressures of human-induced rapid environmental changes and insular ecological conditions have led to behavioral innovations among behaviorally flexible nonhuman primates.  Documenting long-term responses of threatened populations is vital for our understanding of species and location-specific adaptive capacities under fluctuating equilibrium.  The Nicobar Long-tailed Macaque  Macaca fascicularis umbrosus, an insular sub-species uses coconuts Cocos nucifera, an embedded cultivar as a food resource and is speculated to have enhanced its dependence as a result of anthropogenic and environmental alterations.  We explored demographic patterns of use and abandonment of different phenophases of fresh coconuts.  To study crop foraging strategies, we recorded daily entry and duration of forays into coconut plantations.  We divided age-classes into early juvenile (13–36 months), late juvenile (37–72 months), and adults (>72 months) and classified phenophase of coconuts into six types.  Consistent with the theory of life history strategies, late juveniles were found to use a greater number of coconuts, which was considerably higher in an urban troop but marginally higher in a forest-plantation dwelling group.  Except in late juveniles, males consumed a higher number of coconuts than females in the remaining age-classes.  Owing to developmental constraints, juveniles of both types used higher proportion of immature coconuts though adults showed equitable distribution across phenophases.  Pattern of entries to plantations and duration of forays were uniform through the day in the urban troop but modulatory in the forest-plantation group, perhaps due to frequent and hostile human interferences.  Observations corroborating adaptations to anthropogenic disturbances are described.
Bias Implications of Outcome Misclassification in Observational Studies Evaluating Association Between Treatments and All‐Cause or Cardiovascular Mortality Using Administrative Claims
Authors: Desai Rishi J. , Levin Raisa , Lin Kueiyu Joshua , Patorno Elisabetta
Published: August 2020

Background

The bias implications of outcome misclassification arising from imperfect capture of mortality in claims‐based studies are not well understood.

Methods and Results

We identified 2 cohorts of patients: (1) type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=8.6 million), and (2) heart failure (n=3.1 million), from Medicare claims (2012–2016). Within the 2 cohorts, mortality was identified from claims using the following approaches: (1) all‐place all‐cause mortality, (2) in‐hospital all‐cause mortality, (3) all‐place cardiovascular mortality (based on diagnosis codes for a major cardiovascular event within 30 days of death date), or (4) in‐hospital cardiovascular mortality, and compared against National Death Index identified mortality. Empirically identified sensitivity and specificity based on observed values in the 2 cohorts were used to conduct Monte Carlo simulations for treatment effect estimation under differential and nondifferential misclassification scenarios. From National Death Index, 1 544 805 deaths (549 996 [35.6%] cardiovascular deaths) in the type 2 diabetes mellitus cohort and 1 175 202 deaths (523 430 [44.5%] cardiovascular deaths) in the heart failure cohort were included. Sensitivity was 99.997% and 99.207% for the all‐place all‐cause mortality approach, whereas it was 27.71% and 33.71% for the in‐hospital all‐cause mortality approach in the type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure cohorts, respectively, with perfect positive predicted values. For all‐place cardiovascular mortality, sensitivity was 52.01% in the type 2 diabetes mellitus cohort and 53.83% in the heart failure cohort with positive predicted values of 49.98% and 54.45%, respectively. Simulations suggested a possibility for substantial bias in treatment effects.

Conclusions

Approaches to identify mortality from claims had variable performance compared with the National Death Index. Investigators should anticipate the potential for bias from outcome misclassification when using administrative claims to capture mortality.
Beyond the Brain
Authors: Rannikmäe Kristiina , Henshall David E. , Thrippleton Sophie , Ginj Kong Qiu , Chong Mike , Grami Nickrooz , Kuan Isaac , Wilkinson Tim , Wilson Blair , Wilson Kirsty , Paré Guillaume , Sudlow Cathie
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:

An important minority of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is monogenic. Many monogenic cSVD genes are recognized to be associated with extracerebral phenotypes. We assessed the frequency of these phenotypes in existing literature.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), searching Medline/Embase for publications describing individuals with pathogenic variants in
COL4A1/2
,
TREX1
,
HTRA1
,
ADA2
, and
CTSA
genes (PROSPERO 74804). We included any publication reporting on ≥1 individual with a pathogenic variant and their clinically relevant phenotype. We extracted individuals’ characteristics and information about associated extracerebral phenotypes and stroke/transient ischemic attack. We noted any novel extracerebral phenotypes and looked for shared phenotypes between monogenic cSVDs.

Results:

After screening 6048 publications, we included 96
COL4A1
(350 individuals), 32
TREX1
(115 individuals), 43
HTRA1
(38 homozygous/61 heterozygous individuals), 16
COL4A2
(37 individuals), 119
ADA2
(209 individuals), and 3
CTSA
(14 individuals) publications. The majority of individuals originated from Europe/North America, except for
HTRA1
, where most were from Asia. Age varied widely,
ADA2
individuals being youngest and heterozygous
HTRA1/CTSA
individuals oldest. Sex distribution appeared equal. Extracerebral phenotypes were common: 14% to 100% of individuals with a pathogenic variant manifested at least one extracerebral phenotype (14%
COL4A2
, 43%
HTRA1
heterozygotes, 47%
COL4A1
, 57%
TREX1
, 91%
ADA2
, 94%
HTRA1
homozygotes, and 100%
CTSA
individuals). Indeed, for 4 of 7 genes, an extracerebral phenotype was observed more frequently than stroke/transient ischemic attack. Ocular, renal, hepatic, muscle, and hematologic systems were each involved in more than one monogenic cSVD.

Conclusions:

Extracerebral phenotypes are common in monogenic cSVD with extracerebral system involvement shared between genes. However, inherent biases in the existing literature mean that further data from large-scale population-based longitudinal studies collecting health outcomes in a systematic unbiased way is warranted. The emerging knowledge will help to select patients for testing, inform clinical management, and provide further insights into the underlying mechanisms of cSVD.
The Taraxacum Flora of Ladakh, with notes on the adjacent regions of the West Himalaya
Authors: KIRSCHNER JAN , ŠTĚPÁNEK JAN , KLIMEŠ LEOŠ , DVORSKÝ MIROSLAV , BRŮNA JOSEF , MACEK MARTIN , KOPECKÝ MARTIN
Published: August 2020

Ladakh (Jammu & Kashmir State, NW. India) is a region in the Trans-Himalaya between the Great Himalayan Range in the south and the eastern Karakoram in the north, at the southwestern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Its flora, vegetation, ecology and climatic conditions were thoroughly studied by the late Leoš Klimeš. As regards the genus Taraxacum (Compositae-Crepidinae), Ladakh was an almost unexplored area. L. Klimeš accumulated an ample material (50 Ladakh species are exclusively based on his material), either as field samples or as cultivated specimens; together with further recent collections of other collectors, cultivated by JK & JŠ, and the historical herbarium material, it forms a basis for the present monograph. It presents a taxonomic treatment of all Taraxacum species documented from Ladakh, including notes on ecology and distribution, and notes on dandelions from adjacent regions, mainly Gilgit-Baltistan, Spiti, Lahaul and the cis-Himalayan Kashmir. Each species is characterized by a full description, photographs of involucre, capitulum and achenes, whenever available; species are arranged systematically in sections, the latter also with descriptions and identification keys including all the taxa from Ladakh and adjacent areas. Treatments of five sections include all or almost all of their members. Distribution maps and a complete list of specimens studied are given for all Ladakh dandelions. A comprehensive introduction in the vegetation of Ladakh, general features of the genus Taraxacum and the history of its exploration are also provided. As regards the Taraxacum diversity, the broader region covered by the present monograph includes representatives of one third of the world sectional diversity. One hundred and twenty one taxa, belonging to 19 sections, are given a full tratment in the monograph, including those from adjacent regions (the latter, 46 species, also with full descriptions and illustrations); the Ladakh proper harbours 76 taxa in 17 sections, one of which is described as new. Fifty one taxa are described as new for science, 42 from Ladakh, 9 from other regions. For all species, the mode of reproduction is given (mostly inferred from indirect indicators). Only seven species were found at least partly sexual (five of them outside the limits of the Ladakh proper); all the other taxa exhibit agamospermy. Ladakh and adjacent regions of Pakistan and India rank among the regions with the highest sectional and morphological Taraxacum diversities.
A new species Cyrtodactytlus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from western Thailand and the phylogenetic placement of C. inthanon and C. doisuthep
Authors: CHOMDEJ SIRIWADEE , SUWANNAPOOM CHATMONGKON , PAWANGKHANANT PARINYA , PRADIT WARANEE , NAZAROV ROMAN A. , GRISMER L. LEE , POYARKOV NIKOLAY A.
Published: August 2020

A new species of Cyrtodactylus from Tak Province, Thailand, Cyrtodactylus amphipetraeus sp. nov., is described using an integrative taxonomic analysis based on morphology, color pattern, and the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). The phylogenetic analyses place the new species within the C. sinyineensis group which was previously thought to be endemic to the Salween Basin in southern Myanmar. The phylogeny also places C. inthanon in the C. sinyneensis group which is expanded herein to also include the group’s sister species C. doisuthep. Along with C. amphipetraeus sp. nov., these are the first three species of the C. sinyineensis group to be found outside of Myanmar east of the Tenasserim Mountains. The Tenasserim Mountain region is discussed as an area of cladogeneic turnover.
Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes of Adenoid Cystic Breast Carcinoma: A Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Goldbach Macy M. , Hoffman Daniel I. , Burkbauer Laura , Nayak Anupma , Tchou Julia
Published: August 2020

Background

Adenoid cystic breast carcinoma (ACC) is a rare subtype of triple-negative breast cancer. We aim to characterize the treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of women diagnosed with ACC at a large medical center.

Methods

Female patients diagnosed with ACC at our institution between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively identified. Patients with limited clinicopathologic data were excluded.

Results

In our final study cohort (n = 9), the majority of ACCs (6/9, 66.7%) were hormone receptor (−) (HR−) and HER-2/neu (−) (HER2−), while 3 ACCs were HR+ HER2−. Two patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 4 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. The crude local and distant recurrence rate of our cohort was 22.2% and 11.1% (median follow-up of 36 months).

Conclusions

The majority of ACCs were triple negative but some ACCs were HR+. The unadjusted local and distant recurrence rates were not negligible, suggesting that adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be warranted in select cases.
Modeling and simulation on speed prediction of bypass pipeline inspection gauge in medium of water and crude oil
Authors: Zhang Zengmeng , Yang Yong , Hou Jiaoyi , Gong Yongjun
Published: August 2020

Bypass pipeline inspection gauges have the advantages of low cost and bringing no consumption in transportation efficiency and have been widely used in pipe cleaning, inspecting, and maintaining operations. The moving speed of bypass pipeline inspection gauges will seriously affect the results of the operations, so there are strict requirements on the moving speed of bypass pipeline inspection gauges. Because the moving speed of pipeline inspection gauge is difficult to measure or control in real time, it is important to predict it. This paper studies the influencing factors and their impact methods of pipeline inspection gauges’ motion. Through the combination of computational fluid dynamics simulation and friction mathematical model, the relationship between the value of the bypass hole diameter and the pipeline inspection gauges’ moving speed was studied. Under the selected research conditions, when the diameter of the bypass hole is increased from 0.1 to 0.5 m, the moving speed of pipeline inspection gauge in water and crude oil is, respectively, decreased from 2.779 to 0.589 m/s and from 2.777 to 0.373 m/s, and the relationship between them can be approximately described by a function. Based on this principle, the moving speed of pipeline inspection gauge can be predicted mathematically. The experiments also indicate that the density and dynamic viscosity of the transport medium and the deformation amount of the bypass pipeline inspection gauge sealing disk will affect the movement state of pipeline inspection gauge in the pipeline. This research has guiding significance for the design of the pipeline inspection gauges’ structure size, which is beneficial to the pipeline robot to better meet the needs of cleaning, inspecting, and maintaining operations, and has reference value for related researches.
How technology affects instruction for English learners
Authors: Altavilla Jennifer
Published: August 2020

In response to federal policy and the COVID-19 pandemic, schools and districts are using technology to support students designated as English learners (ELs). However, school leaders and teachers have little guidance about how to implement technology effectively to foster these students’ language development and content instruction. To address this need, Jennifer Altavilla raises three concerns specific to technology use with ELs: (1) Technology accessibility and use are equally important, (2) Technologies have baked-in biases, (3) Technology should promote authentic social interaction.
Educational accountability is out of step — Now more than ever
Authors: Gottlieb Derek , Schneider Jack
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light many of the essential nonacademic functions of U.S. schools, such as meals, mental health support, and opportunities for students whose families lack resources. Yet, as Derek Gottlieb and Jack Schneider explain, schools continue to be evaluated primarily on students’ academic outcomes. They call for a reconsideration of current accountability measures to take into account the multifaceted work of schools.
When schools reopen, don’t neglect recess
Authors: London Rebecca A.
Published: August 2020

When schools reopen in the fall, students and adults will return carrying stress and trauma arising from the sudden school closings, the social isolation, and the illness and unrest that many experienced over the summer. Rebecca London urges elementary school leaders to attend to students’ mental health and emotional needs by offering recess time every day. The need for play will be especially great among students of color and students in low-income areas, many of whom had insufficient recess time in school before the pandemic.
Bringing 21st-century science into schools
Authors: Kafai Yasmin B. , Walker Justice T.
Published: August 2020

Advances in biodesign, in which principles of engineering and technology are applied to the life sciences, are moving out of laboratories and into daily life. However, they have not made their way into K-12 classrooms. Today’s students need to become familiar with biotechnologies so that they can make informed decisions about how they will be applied in the future. Yasmin Kafai and Justice Walker describe some of the programs that can help K-12 students and their teachers to build understanding of this new area of science.
Under the Law: Gary B., Espinoza, and the fight for school funding
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: August 2020

A pair of recent federal court decisions could have profound consequences for school funding across the country. In the first, Gary B. v. Whitmer, the Sixth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of seven Detroit, Michigan, public school students who argued that their schools were so woefully underfunded as to deny them the opportunity to become fully literate, which is essential to the exercise of fundamental rights under the U.S. Constitution. In the second, Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Montana could not block parents from using the state’s education tax-credit program to pay for tuition at private religious schools.
Variability of the Anterior Ethmoid Artery in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Taha Mohamed A. , Hall Christian A. , Zylicz Harry E. , Westbrook Margaret B. , Barham William T. , Stevenson Megan M. , Zito Brittany A. , Barham Henry P.
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

The anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) demonstrates anatomic variability relative to its descent from the anterior skull base. Our study’s objective was to assess for correlation of AEA descent and laterality, in addition to correlation of AEA descent and the presence of supraorbital ethmoid cells (SOEC) and concha bullosae (CB).

Method:

A retrospective study was performed at a tertiary rhinology center from January 2019 to January 2020. Noncontrast maxillofacial computed tomography scans were examined independently by 2 fellowship trained rhinologists. The vertical distance from both left and right AEAs to the ipsilateral skull base were compared and correlated with the presence of ipsilateral SOEC and CB.

Results:

Computed tomography scans from 50 subjects were included. Mean age was 50.68 years (40% females). The distance of AEA to the skull base was greater on the left when compared to the right (62% vs 48%) ( P < .05). The left AEA had an average descent of 2.84 mm versus 1.78 mm on the right ( P < .05). An SOEC was present in 56% of cases. Thirty-eight percent of subjects had both SOEC and AEA descent on the right, while 52% of subjects had both on the left. This reached a statistical significance on both sides ( P < .05). Concha bullosa was present in 35% of cases, with both AEA descent and CB present in 16% on the right, and 32% on the left.

Conclusion:

The AEA displays variability in vertical descent from the skull base, with greater variability on the left. These findings implore vigilance with evaluation of preoperative imaging and during sinus surgery, especially in the presence of SOEC and CB.
Histamine Sensitivity: An Uncommon Recognized Cause of Living Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms and Signs—A Case Report
Authors: Alnouri Ghiath , Cha Nicholas , Sataloff Robert T.
Published: August 2020

A 45-year-old female who had undergone Nissen fundoplication for long-standing laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) developed episodes of coughing and throat clearing. Strobovideolaryngoscopy demonstrated evidence of LPR with a reflux finding score of 11. A cough workup including a chest X-ray and pulmonology consultation was negative. Consultation with a nutritionist revealed Histamine intolerance. Histamine-free diet resulted in marked improvement in patient’s symptoms and examination.
Liquid CO2 phase transition fracturing technology and its application in enhancing gas drainage of coal mines
Authors: Fan Yingchun , Qin Botao , Zhou Qun , Shi Quanlin , Ma Dong , Wu Jiahao
Published: August 2020

Liquid CO2 phase transition fracturing (LCO2-PTF) is an effective and economical technology used to improve the permeability of rock and coal. In this study, the working mechanisms of LCO2-PTF were analysed and relevant equipment was designed to develop and promote the application of this technology. It utilized phase transition equipment (PTE) consisting of a liquid gas container, control unit for the current and gas volume, heating tube, and other components. LCO2 blasting experiments were conducted in an airtight container to investigate the released energy, pressure, and other technical parameters. The application of LCO2-PTF for enhancing gas drainage in coal mines was then evaluated. The results of a blasting experiment showed a maximum energy of 947.12 kJ and revealed that the releasing pressure could be easily changed by varying the plate and heat tube. The releasing pressure remained unchanged within an initial distance and then decreased exponentially. The blasting products were gaseous CO2 and water vapor, with no sparks or flames. The surface temperature of the PTE ranged from 269.32 to 277.96 K. Application of LCO2-PTF in coal mines with low permeability showed gas drainage 3.38 times higher than that achieved with conventional technologies, with methane concentration increasing from 55 to 89%. The attenuation coefficient of gas emissions dropped by 94% and the gas permeability coefficient of the coal body increased more than 23 times after fracturing. The shockwave of the high-pressure gas promoted the development and extension of cracks. The influence radius of the pre-cracking coal seam was 8.1 m, which is 6.75 times that of the original coal seam. The experimental results and the engineering applications indicate that LCO2-PTF is a safe and effective technology to enhance gas drainage in coal mines.
Validation of Microsimulation Models against Alternative Model Predictions and Long-Term Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Outcomes of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lew Jie-Bin , Greuter Marjolein J. E. , Caruana Michael , He Emily , Worthington Joachim , St John D. James , Macrae Finlay A. , Feletto Eleonora , Coupé Veerle M. H. , Canfell Karen
Published: August 2020

Background. This study aimed to assess the validity of 2 microsimulation models of colorectal cancer (CRC), Policy1-Bowel and ASCCA. Methods. The model-estimated CRC risk in population subgroups with different health statuses, “dwell time” (time from incident precancerous polyp to symptomatically detected CRC), and reduction in symptomatically detected CRC incidence after a one-time complete removal of polyps and/or undetected CRC were compared with published findings from 3 well-established models ( MISCAN, CRC-SPIN, and SimCRC). Furthermore, 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that provided screening using a guaiac fecal occult blood test (Funen trial, Burgundy trial, and Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study [MCCCS]) or flexible sigmoidoscopy (NORCCAP, SCORE, and UKFSST) with long-term follow-up were simulated. Model-estimated long-term relative reductions of CRC incidence (RR inc) and mortality (RR mort) were compared with the RCTs’ findings. Results. The Policy1-Bowel and ASCCA estimates showed more similarities to CRC-SPIN and SimCRC. For example, overall dwell times estimated by Policy1-Bowel (24.0 years) and ASCCA (25.3) were comparable to CRC-SPIN (25.8) and SimCRC (25.2) but higher than MISCAN (10.6). In addition, ∼86% of Policy1-Bowel’s and ∼74% of ASCCA’s estimated RR inc and RR mort were consistent with the RCTs’ long-term follow-up findings. For example, at 17 to 18 years of follow-up, the MCCCS reported RR mort of 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–0.83) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.62–0.97) for the annual and biennial screening arm, respectively, and the UKFSST reported RR mort of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.62–0.79) for CRC at all sites and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.46–0.65) for distal CRC. The corresponding model estimates were 0.65, 0.74, 0.81, and 0.61, respectively, for Policy1-Bowel and 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, and 0.58, respectively, for ASCCA. Conclusion. Policy1-Bowel and ASCCA’s estimates are largely consistent with the data included for comparisons, which indicates good model validity.
Interstitial pneumonitis in the COVID-19 era: a difficult differential diagnosis in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Catania Chiara , Stati Valeria , Spitaleri Gianluca
Published: August 2020

In this coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) era, when pneumonitis occurs in patients with lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a major challenge is to make a rapid and correct differential diagnosis among drug-induced pulmonary toxicity, tumour progression, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–induced pneumonitis. While waiting for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing results, an accurate evaluation of the symptoms and serologic features can help us make a first diagnostic hypothesis and quickly start correct treatment. Physicians need a collaborative effort to develop and share a common database reporting clinical (anosmia, dysgeusia), serologic, and radiologic data in ICI-treated patients with lung cancer developing interstitial disease to create an evidence-based clinical diagnostic algorithm. This tool will continue to be helpful when we emerge from the pandemic crisis into a world in which COVID-19 may not have been eradicated to better select the target population requiring the most resource-consuming PCR tests.