bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic and Cognitive Development of Students within the Course of Russian Language and Speech Culture: 10 Steps to Mastering Complex Texts (Part 1)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sidorova Marina Yu.
Published: January 2025

The article demonstrates and substantiates the methodology of linguistic and cognitive development of students in the course “Russian language and culture of speech”, aimed at the interrelated formation of three necessary groups of competencies: 1) correlation of the text with the fragment of reality verbalized in it; 2) work with texts of a level of complexity that increases upon reaching adulthood and transition to higher professional education (including not only linguistic, but also psychological readiness to perceive such texts); 3) readiness to realize the rights and obligations of a citizen of the Russian Federation, the range of which is also growing as the trainees grow up. The inadequacy of these competencies, which are not formed at the stage of secondary education, serves, in our opinion, as the main obstacle to successful university education and self-realization of students in modern society. As a solution to the problem, 10 methodological steps are proposed (each of them is illustrated by an example of a specific task or tasks), allowing to overcome linguistic and psychological barriers to mastering complex texts. The motivation of students is provided by the relevance and diversity of the analyzed texts (from the materials of the traffic police exam to lyrical poetry) and compliance with the dialectical principle of movement in a spiral, from simple to complex, with a return to the already studied material at the next “round” of development. The advantage of the proposed approach is the ability to “adjust” to the specified three areas of competence formation all traditional and necessary activities in the course of the Russian language and culture of speech (working with a dictionary, group discussion, etc.). Of the three parameters of text complexity (syntactic, lexical, communicative), the main attention in the article is paid to the first. The author’s original methodology, based on the functional and communicative grammar of the Russian language and the data of modern psycholinguistics, has been successfully tested at various faculties of Lomonosov Moscow State University and implemented in the textbook “There are no more difficult texts”.
Streamflow modeling using the PyTOPKAPI model and remotely sensed rainfall: a case study of the Gilgel Ghibe catchment in Ethiopia
Authors: Rabba Zeinu Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Remote sensing contributes valuable information to streamflows. Usually, streamflow is directly measured through ground-based hydrological monitoring stations. However, in many countries like Ethiopia, ground-based hydrological monitoring networks are either sparse or nonexistent. The lack of reliable in situ observational data severely limits our ability to manage water resources in a well-informed way in these regions. In such cases, satellite remote sensing is an alternative means of acquiring such information. In this study, the application of remotely sensed rainfall data in streamflow modeling for the Gilgel Ghibe catchment in Ethiopia is reported. Ten years (2001–2010) of satellite-based-precipitation-products (SBPPs) from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and WaterBase, were combined with a PyTOPKAPI model to generate daily streamflows. We compared the results with that of the observed streamflows at the Gilgel Ghibe Nr, Assendabo gauging station using four statistical tools (bias, R2, NS, and RMSE). The result indicates that the bias-adjusted SBPPs agree well with gauged-rainfall. Without bias-adjustment, the SBPPs tend to overestimate the simulated streamflows. We further conclude that the general streamflow patterns were well captured at daily time scale from SBPPs after bias-adjustment. However, the simulated streamflow using gauged-rainfall is superior to those obtained from SBPPs including bias-adjusted ones.
QGIS: an effective tool in assessing the quantity and quality of groundwater resources
Authors: Mittal Ajay , Pandey Gaurav , Siddiqui N. A. , Mondal Prasenjit , Molokitina Nadezhda Sergeevna
Published: January 2025

The study demonstrates the utilization of the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) package, an open-source geographic information system (GIS) tool for evaluating the quantity and quality of groundwater resources. This research employed data from public sources pertaining to several sampling stations in the Indian city of Dehradun as its case study and converted this information into a digitized format. The use of QGIS allows for processing and analysis of huge data, leading to the creation of informative maps that depict the spatial distribution of groundwater characteristics. By employing spatial analysis techniques, the study aimed to gain insights into the state of groundwater resources, including their availability, variations in level, and suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. By visualizing and analyzing the groundwater data using QGIS, the study contributes to the broader goal of managing water resources efficiently and helps policymakers, water resource managers, and other stakeholders make informed decisions regarding groundwater management, allocation, and conservation strategies.
A Comprehensive Review on Garlic Oil as an Anti-inflammatory Nanoemulsion
Authors: Gaikwad Amit R. , Borse Sandhya L.
Published: January 2025

Although garlic oil is well known for its medicinal benefits, its low solubility and
lipophilic characteristics result in restricted bioavailability. The goal of this work was to create a
stable nanoemulsion technology that would increase the anti-inflammatory properties of garlic oil.
Particle size, stability, zeta potential, and polydispersity index were used to characterize the nanoemulsion.
in vitro and in vivo models were used to assess the formulated nanoemulsion's anti-inflammatory
properties. The findings showed that, in comparison to refined oil, the garlic oil nanoemulsion
had a noticeably stronger anti-inflammatory effect. The nanoemulsion showed less gastrointestinal
discomfort, extended activity, and enhanced absorption. According to these results,
garlic oil nanoemulsion shows promise as a possible treatment for inflammatory diseases. By creating
a nanoemulsion using essential oil of garlic (GEO), the volatile components of garlic oil
have been effectively encapsulated and protected by experts. The components in garlic oil are
more stable because of this encapsulation process, which also increases the ability of the body to
absorb and use them. For people taking garlic oil as a supplement or functional ingredient, the enhanced
bioavailability of garlic oil constituents through nanoemulsion may result in greater effectiveness
and health advantages. This improved stability helps keep the components in garlic oil
from oxidizing and degrading, guaranteeing their quality and effectiveness throughout time. Nanoemulsion
provides a workable way to add garlic oil to a variety of goods without sacrificing its
efficacy by prolonging the shelf life of garlic oil constituents. Garlic oil nanoemulsion has prospective
uses in the food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural sectors, among others.
Cortisol Imbalance and Fear Learning in PTSD: Therapeutic Approaches
to Control Abnormal Fear Responses
Authors: Battaglia Simone , Fazio Chiara Di , Borgomaneri Sara , Avenanti Alessio
Published: January 2025

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is mainly characterized by dysregulated fear responses,
including hyperarousal and intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic memories. This work
delves into the intricate interplay between abnormal fear responses, cortisol dysregulation, and the
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, elucidating their role in the manifestation of PTSD. Given
the persistent nature of PTSD symptoms and the limitations of conventional therapies, innovative
interventions are urgently needed. One promising avenue of research revolves around the modulation
of cortisol through targeting receptors, with dexamethasone emerging as a critical agent capable of
reducing cortisol levels, thus potentially aiding in the extinction of fear. In this study, we emphasize
the need for innovative interventions in the neuropharmacological treatment of PTSD, focusing on
cortisol modulation and its impact on fear regulation mechanisms. The complex interplay between the
HPA axis, cortisol modulation, and fear dysregulation not only broadens our comprehension but also
reveals promising paths to enhance therapeutic outcomes for individuals struggling with PTSD, underscoring
a crucial need for more effective treatment strategies.
ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE RAINY SEASON AS A BIOINDICator OF WATER QUALITY IN NAMBERAN TELAGA GUNUNGKIDUL DISTRICT
Authors: Nurrahmantyo Guntang , Sudarsono
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine: (1) The structure of the zooplankton community in Telaga Namberan, Gunungkidul Regency, (2) The chemical and physical conditions of the waters in Telaga Namberan, Gunungkidul Regency, (3) The relationship between the structure of the zooplankton community and water quality in Telaga Namberan, Regency Gunungkidul. This research is exploratory research with observational research methods. Sampling was carried out at 6 stations 2 times with 3 repetitions. The research results show that the abundance value is 16216.56 - 877388.54 ind/L, meaning it is classified as water with high nutrient levels. The average dominance value of 0.495 means that the community structure is in a stable condition. The average diversity value is 1.098, meaning that the number of individuals of each species is relatively evenly distributed with fairly stable water conditions. The average evenness value is 0.501, meaning it has even species and the community is relatively stable. Frequency of attendanceCyclopssp., Nauplius sp., Notholca sp 1 always appear at all stations because they can adapt and fit to live in the environment.
Measures of state support for the development of human capital in the regional and sectoral cross-section
Authors: Kopteva Zh. Y. , Tomakova I. A. , Zabolotskikh M. O.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Russia's national projects cover various fields, including agriculture, and are aimed at improving living and working conditions. One of the key aspects of such projects is the development of human capital, that is, improving the level of education, health, culture and other social indicators of the population.

Agriculture plays a key role in the economy and social sphere of the Kursk region, therefore, the impact of the implementation of national projects on the development of human capital in this sector is especially important.

The purpose is a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the implementation of national projects on the development of human capital in agriculture in the Kursk region.

Objectives. To identify the impact of the implementation of state programs and national projects on the dynamics of human capital in the agricultural sector of the economy in a regional context by analyzing their financing.

Methodology. In the work, a logical research method was used to identify patterns of influence of interrelated factors, in addition, methods such as analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of economic statistics were used.

Results. As a result of the research, it has been scientifically proven that the implementation of national projects in agriculture plays a key role as a driver of human capital development in the Kursk region. The consequences of these efforts can be felt both at the level of individual workers and enterprises, and at the level of the entire national level, contributing to sustainable development and improving the quality of life of the country's population.

Conclusions. The findings of the Study show that the successful implementation of national projects in agriculture contributes to the improvement of human capital indicators. Improving living and working conditions in rural areas can lead to an increase in the attractiveness of this territory for young people and specialists, which ultimately can have a positive impact on the development of agriculture and the level of human capital in the region. This trend can be traced in the analysis of human capital assessment indicators in a regional context.
"Success" as a socio-cultural category: the Russian and Chinese value systems
Authors: Rarenko A. A.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that it discusses the topic of personal success, which has recently become particularly significant. The category of "success" is discussed in the light of the socio-cultural paradigm.

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the category "success" in the value system of modern Russian and Chinese students studying at Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Objectives. The article sets and solves the following tasks: to identify the main components of the category "success" in Russian and Chinese cultures through the prism of the perception of young people aged 18-27; to analyze the data obtained during a social survey using an electronic questionnaire in the period from May 1 to May 31, 2024; to describe the differences in attitudes towards the category "success" in Russian and Chinese societies.

Methodology. The research methods were comparative and comparative methods, as well as the method of analyzing the data obtained.

Results. In the course of the study, the main components of the category "success" in Russian and Chinese cultures were identified through the prism of the perception of young people aged 18-27, and the data obtained during a social survey using electronic questionnaires from May 1 to 31, 2024 were analyzed, and differences in attitudes towards the category "success" in modern Russian and Chinese were established. societies.

Conclusions. The hypothesis about the dependence of the perception of the category "success" in national societies on cultural and national characteristics has been confirmed. In modern Russian and Chinese societies, the category of "success" is becoming increasingly important and is perceived as one of the basic values with symbolic power. Chinese students, in evaluating themselves and others, are guided not so much by the opinions of others as by their own feelings. In this regard, they turned out to be more independent and independent of public opinion than Russian students.
On the issue of using artificial intelligence as a promising way of developing the hotel industry
Authors: Smirnova M. A.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to optimize operational processes in hotels, improve the quality of service, minimize the human factor, strengthen competitiveness and adapt to changes in the hotel services market. In the context of the rapid development of the hospitality industry and increasing competition, the introduction of modern technologies is becoming necessary to improve the efficiency of enterprises in the hotel sector.

The purpose of the article is to provide an economic justification of the problems and prospects of using artificial intelligence technologies in the hotel industry.

The objectives of the article include analyzing the role of artificial intelligence in improving the quality of accommodation facilities, popularizing services and goods in the hospitality industry, exploring the possibilities of using artificial intelligence to increase the competitiveness of hotel enterprises, and developing practical recommendations for the development of the hospitality industry in the Russian Federation.

Methodology. In the process of research aimed at studying scientific publications, works of domestic experts, statistical materials and other relevant sources, the author of this work applied a set of general scientific methods, including analysis, observation, description, comparison, graphical visualization and synthesis.

Results. During the study of the prospects for the development of the hospitality industry with the help of artificial intelligence, recommendations were formed on the effective use of AI technologies in the Russian hotel business.

Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the authors conclude that the development of artificial intelligence technologies in the hotel business can contribute to the comprehensive development of the hospitality industry in the Russian Federation. The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into the hotel business opens up new opportunities for optimizing operational processes, improving the quality of service, minimizing the human factor and enhancing competitiveness.
Research and development works as a driver of regional economic development
Authors: Bessonova E. A. , Pylaikina A. V.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Research and development work contribute to innovative development, the creation of new technologies and products, as well as increasing the competitiveness of the region at the national and international levels. They stimulate economic growth, create new jobs, improve the quality of life of the population and strengthen the region's position in the global economy. That is why the problem of studying R & D as a driver of regional economic development is relevant.

The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of research and development activities on the regional economy.

Objectives: to study the essence of research and development activities; to analyze the state of the innovative potential of Russian regions; to assess the share of R & D influence in the context of an enterprise (using the example of V.V. Tarasov Aviaavtomatika JSC); to consider possible reasons for the low indicator of innovative development of the subject.

Methodology. Empirical, theoretical, statistical methods and methods of graphical representation were used in the course of the scientific research.

Results. The following results should be noted: theoretical aspects of research and development activities were studied, indicators of Russian regions in the field of R & D were analyzed, R & D results were considered using the example of JSC Aviaavtomatika named after V.V. Tarasov.

Conclusions. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that innovative developments have a significant impact on the competitiveness of the region, but at the moment in the Russian Federation there is no sufficient basis for the widespread implementation of high-tech developments. An obstacle to increasing the share of investment in R & D may be both the lack of optimal government support and the lack of necessary equipment, highly qualified workers and motivation for enterprise managers.
Development of a technological innovative management solution for a digital logistics system of a regional organization
Authors: Ershova I. G. , Ganeev R. R.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the study is due to the significant role of modern information technologies in improving the quality of services provided by organizations, increasing the number of clients, and, accordingly, increasing the financial result.

The purpose of the study is to form a feasibility study of an innovative project for the development and launch of a mobile application for the search and ordering of freight transport, construction and special equipment services.

Objectives are to develop a feasibility study of an innovative project and evaluate its effectiveness.

Methodology. In the course of the research, such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, classification, grouping, as well as statistical methods were used.

Results. The article presents an ecosystem of industries and services within the framework of the strategy of digital transformation of KEAZ business processes; the possession of unique capabilities proposed by the authors of the mobile application is revealed; a feasibility study of a technological innovative project for launching a mobile application for searching and ordering services of freight transport, construction and special equipment "KEAZ.Truck", which is part of the ecosystem of JSC "KEAZ"; the implementation of the project has been developed in several stages (at the first stage, it is planned to develop an application on the Android platform; at the second stage, the developed application "CEAZ" is being tested.Truck" and its completion; at the third stage, the developed application is being brought to the market and placed in the RuStore store; the fourth stage of the technological innovation project is to ensure the stable operation of the mobile application and its promotion in order to retain existing and attract new customers); A calendar schedule for the implementation of an innovative project in the format of a Gantt chart is presented.

Conclusions. The implementation of the project in the medium term will lead to a reduction in the cost of services for customers and an increase in their quality, and also carries an important environmental effect, which is expressed in reducing exhaust emissions of cargo and construction equipment by optimizing its movement routes.
Industry specialization as a factor of sustainable development of Russian regions in modern geopolitical conditions
Authors: Generalov D. A. , Zhakhov N. V. , Dorokhin E. E. , Kulikov M. V.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. In the context of rapid social, economic and environmental development of Russian regions, the issue of sustainable development has become especially relevant. The study of the impact of industry specialization on stability and long-term development allows us to take into account the unique characteristics of each region and helps formulate strategies to minimize risks and increase the sustainability of the economy.

The purpose is to analyze the impact of industry specialization on the sustainable development of Russian regions, taking into account modern challenges and peculiarities of the economic structure of the country.

Objectives: to consider the main approaches to the study of industry specialization and its role in regional development; to group the subjects of the Russian Federation according to the place they occupy in terms of gross regional product per capita; to determine the place occupied by the subject of the Russian Federation in the volume of shipped goods of its own production, performed works and services by its own forces by types of economic activity activities.

Methodology. A wide range of scientific methods and approaches to research has been used, special attention is paid to general scientific methods of cognition, economic-geographical and economic-statistical approaches.

Results. The study revealed that the industry specialization of Russian regions has a significant impact on their sustainable development. Regions dependent on extractive industries are vulnerable to fluctuations in resource prices, while diversified regions such as Moscow and St. Petersburg demonstrate a more stable economy due to a balanced industry structure.

Conclusions. Russian regions show significant differences in socio-economic development, and their industry specialization has a significant impact on their sustainability. High concentration on one industry increases vulnerability to external economic changes, especially in modern geopolitical conditions, which is relevant for most of the northern and eastern raw material regions of Russia. For the sustainable development of the regions, strategies for economic diversification are needed, especially in new regions of Russia, where it will be necessary to take into account their unique characteristics and potential to create a sustainable economic structure.
Assessment of territorial asymmetry in the management of spatial development of the national economy
Authors: Belyaeva T. A. , Kozieva I. A.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Spatial development of the national economy in Russian conditions is of particular importance for ensuring sustainable economic growth, improving the quality of life of the population and the efficient use of natural, economic and labor resources of the country. The process of spatial development includes the territorial distribution of economic activity, infrastructure development, socio-economic development of regions and interregional interaction. The development of economic space occurs in a differentiated manner, which leads to asymmetry and polarization of Russian regions. An important prerequisite for improving spatial development management is the identification and measurement of territorial asymmetry.

The purpose of the study is the assessment of territorial asymmetry to improve the management of spatial development of the national economy.

Objectives: characterize the necessary conditions for effective spatial development; study the nature and structure of territorial asymmetry; propose a set of indicators for statistical assessment of economic territorial asymmetry; conduct a comprehensive diagnosis of economic asymmetry; determine strategic directions for reducing territorial asymmetry as a factor in improving spatial development.

Methodology. In the course of the conducted research, methods of statistical analysis of asymmetry indicators, correlation and regression analysis, and methods of system analysis were used.

Results. It is proposed to identify the impact of reducing territorial asymmetry on spatial development. A study and measurement of territorial economic asymmetry by statistical indicators was conducted. Based on the data obtained, directions for reducing territorial asymmetry as a factor in spatial development were determined.

Conclusions. Territorial asymmetry management is one of the main conditions for improving the spatial development of the economy. Diagnostics of the structural parts of territorial asymmetry creates an objective basis for the development and implementation of strategic decisions in the management of spatial development of the economy. Based on a set of static indicators, it is possible to give a quantitative assessment of the economic asymmetry of Russian regions, which will help identify the directions of spatial development of the economy.
The Feasibility and Necessity of a Revolution in Geriatric Medicine
Authors: Libertini Giacinto
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, geriatrics is mainly the treatment by palliative methods of the disorders that characterize senile decay. This is perfectly compatible with the prevailing view that aging is the inevitable result of multiple degenerative processes that can only partially be treated as they are in themselves inevitable and irreversible.

This interpretation of aging clashes with a mass of data and arguments that, conversely, indicate aging as a specific physiological function, favoured by supra-individual natural selection and genetically determined and modulated. Under this concept, it is possible to modify or even cancel aging by actions on its primary mechanisms. This is entirely different from the current interventions of geriatrics that act only on the effects of such mechanisms.

The goal of having complete control of aging may appear utopian; however, it is quite rational and feasible if we consider the already proven reversibility of aging at the cellular level and in some in vivo models. The method for achieving this objective by no means contrasts the countless alterations that characterize aging. On the contrary, it is the control of the telomere-subtelomere-telomerase system, which appears to be the general determining factor and regulator of aging. This system appears quite easily controllable by actions on telomerase activity, or even, as suggested recently, along with actions on telomere and subtelomere structure.
In a first step, these actions must be mainly addressed in the care of some aging manifestations, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and age-related macular degeneration, which are particularly harsh and harmful due to the suffering and the economic burden that they cause. Effective solutions to these diseases will be the first pivotal step for a revolution in geriatric medicine, which is now possible and also necessary. This revolution will have implications and developments that will extend well beyond the boundaries of geriatrics.
Research on the Impact of Regional Innovation Capacity on Total Factor Productivity Improvement
Authors: Xu Liwen , Yan Mingyue , Guo Kaiwen
Published: January 2025

In the Party's 20th annual report, it clearly states that we must focus on improving total factor productivity as an important means to promote economic development. Enhancing regional innovation capability is crucially important for increasing total factor productivity. This article selects data from 30 provinces in China over the 11-year period from 2012 to 2022 as a case study, employing various econometric methods to verify the expected theory and explore the impact of regional innovation capability on total factor productivity. The study shows that: Initially, enhancing regional innovation capability significantly boosts total factor productivity at the regional level, and this finding holds true across a range of robustness checks. second, high regional innovation capacity can promote the improvement of human capital level and urbanization level, and then indirectly promote the improvement of regional total factor productivity. Thus, enhancing regional innovation capabilities serves as a vital approach to driving high-quality economic growth and ensuring continuous gains in total factor productivity.
Geomaqueta para explicar la causa de las estaciones del año
Authors: Ramos Gámez María Alejandra
Published: January 2025

En este documento se describe el proceso de construcción de una geomaqueta dinámica del sistema Sol-Tierra...
Una práctica educativa para abordar el tema de la sequía en Chile
Authors: Jaime Muñoz Eduardo Antonio
Published: January 2025

Se presenta un caso de estudio relacionado a la sequía como temática educativa, que permite entender las características climáticas que se dan en el pueblo de Pedregal, en la comuna de Monte Patria, provincia del Limari, región de Coquimbo, Chile.  Metodológicamente, se elaboró un guion educativo con el fin de mostrar a los estudiantes como la sequía ha ido impactando la agricultura de subsistencia que existe en el área de estudio. Se confeccionó una tabla con las precipitaciones que se dan en el lugar y se propusieron actividades educativas en campo para realizar con los estudiantes de la escuela del pueblo. Se les pidió a los estudiantes que llenaran fichas con datos climáticos para mostrar que esta metodología permite generar estrategias educativas para incentivar el desarrollo de la enseñanza de las ciencias de la Tierra, en contextos rurales que están siendo afectados por la sequía
Efemérides meteorológicas para entender la dinámica de la atmósfera
Authors: García-Moctezuma Francisco
Published: January 2025

La explicación y el tratamiento de las variables que influyen en el tiempo atmosférico se explican a nivel bachillerato. En este artículo se expone la experiencia que el autor ha tenido en los últimos años y las estrategias implementadas a través de la construcción de efemérides meteorológicas para despertar el interés del alumnado en el estudio de esta temática, en particular, y en las Ciencias de la Tierra, en general.
Boletín de Meteorología
¡A las lenguas por la ciencia! Enseñanza de lenguas con experimentos científicos
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Yadira
Published: January 2025

Este artículo presenta una propuesta didáctica con enfoque interdisciplinario e integrador para coadyuvar a resolver el problema de la desvinculación de la enseñanza de lenguas con las asignaturas de ciencia mediante la implementación de textos de divulgación sobre experimentos científicos traducidos al inglés, francés, alemán, italiano, chino y purépecha. El artículo se centra en el repositorio creado a partir de 26  traducciones y plantea formas de implementación de cuadernillos dentro de la clase de lenguas con enfoque integrador. La traducción del material publicado por el Centro de Geociencias fue hecha por profesores de lenguas de la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria de  la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) y científicos nativos de cada lengua de la Coordinación de la Investigación Científica de la UNAM. Estas  publicaciones se utilizaron en clases de lenguas donde los alumnos generaron material interactivo y recursos didácticos. Se incluyen muestras de los formatos e instrumentos utilizados en la implementación en la sección de resultados.
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Manual de prácticas y ejercicios de laboratorio de la asignatura Técnicas Geológicas de Campo, una herramienta para Geocientíficos e Ingenieros en Ciencias de la Tierra
Authors: Hernández-Marmolejo Yoalli , Gutiérrez-Navarro Rodrigo , De la Rosa- Mora Orestes
Published: January 2025

Como respuesta a la continua actualización de planes de estudio de las carreras de Ingenierías en Ciencias de la Tierra, en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) se han desarrollado nuevos sistemas de aprendizaje en los que el alumnado aplica sus conocimientos y experimenta con instrumentos y tecnologías novedosos para hacer eficiente y productivo el trabajo geológico en campo. En la actualización del Plan de Estudios de 2016 se diseñó la asignatura Técnicas Geológicas de Campo para que el alumnado cuente con recursos metodológicos para el desarrollo del trabajo de campo. El Manual de laboratorios y prácticas de la asignatura Técnicas Geológicas de Campo fue diseñado para disponer de material de apoyo didáctico para la enseñanza en la nueva asignatura.
Este manual está dividido en dos secciones. La primera parte consta de ocho laboratorios para realizarse en el aula y en formato virtual o autodidacta; en estos laboratorios se proponen diferentes ejemplos de aplicación complementarios a la teoría vista en el aula. La segunda parte consiste en cuatro prácticas para la aplicación de conocimientos y desarrollo de habilidades en el campus de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México. Así mismo, el manual contiene anexos e instructivos para el uso correcto y aplicación de las herramientas para el trabajo geológico en campo. Con este manual y las experiencias didácticas compartidas en este manuscrito, esperamos que el profesorado, estudiantado y futuros profesionistas en Ciencias de la Tierra disfruten y apliquen estas actividades y que desarrollen al máximo sus destrezas, habilidades espaciales y perceptivas para conseguir una mejor caracterización de fenómenos geológicos-geofísicos.
El reconocimiento de las capas internas de la Tierra
Authors: Chacón-Hernández Francisco
Published: January 2025

La existencia de diferentes capas en el interior de la Tierra fue algo desconocido todavía hacia finales del siglo XIX. Su conformación y desarrollo actual conllevó todo un proceso evolutivo de millones de años por el que tuvo que pasar el planeta entero, el cual sigue siendo objeto de estudio. En este escrito, se describe y explica cómo, a partir de la Sismología como área de estudio, se pudo reconocer la existencia de diferentes capas en el interior de la Tierra. Así mismo, se explica de manera concisa cómo a partir de este reconocimiento, se propusieron las bases para el establecimiento de los procesos y mecanismos dinámicos que hasta el día de hoy han permitido sustentar la formación y evolución de las capas internas y del planeta mismo.
Construcción y análisis de diagramas Stiff-Davis para alumnos de Ingeniería Petrolera, experiencia en el aula
Authors: Gómora-Figueroa Ana Paulina , Villegas González Julieta , Almazán Mendoza Josué
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar la relevancia de los diagramas Stiff-Davis para las y los ingenieros petroleros, dichos diagramas son una representación gráfica que se construye utilizando la concentración de algunos de los iones presentes en el agua. La información que provee este análisis permite conocer, e incluso anticipar, posibles problemáticas y riesgos que se presenten en campo durante la producción de hidrocarburos. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las y los alumnos de la carrera de ingeniería petrolera de los últimos semestres no lo conocen, o bien, no saben para qué se utiliza. Lo anterior se debe, en gran medida, a que el agua es considerada como un producto no deseado durante la extracción de hidrocarburos. En este trabajo se reportan los resultados de dos actividades realizadas por 25 alumnos de la materia Temas Selectos en Ingeniería Petrolera, las cuales consistieron en la construcción de interpretación de diagramas Stiff-Davis. Estos diagramas fueron construidos utilizando los recursos disponibles por cada alumno (hoja de Excel con equipo de cómputo o papel cuadriculado). Después de los ejercicios realizados, las y los alumnos se mostraron más  interesados por conocer las aplicaciones de este análisis; sin embargo, es necesario realizar más ejercicios para practicar la interpretación y construcción de los diagramas, pues en los resultados obtenidos se aprecia que aún hay dudas para identificar algunos componentes de los diagramas y esto dificulta la interpretación de estos.
Explorando la vida en un ambiente extremo: extremófilos en el cráter volcánico rincón de Parangueo, Guanajuato
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Janet , Cerca Mariano
Published: January 2025

En la Tierra existen microorganismos que viven desafiando los límites de la vida tal y como la conocemos y son llamados “extremófilos”. Hasta hace poco, creíamos que la vida sólo era capaz de desarrollarse en ciertas condiciones. Pero en los últimos años, científicos de todo el mundo han encontrado vida microscópica creciendo en condiciones ambientales extremas. En la historia de la Tierra, los microorganismos extremófilos han dejado su huella en forma de microbialitas. En la actualidad, estos pequeños seres aún participan en la formación de microbialitas en muchas partes del mundo. En México se han reportado en varios sitios, como los lagos de cráteres volcánicos en el centro del país, y Rincón de Parangueo es uno de ellos. El lago cráter Rincón de Parangueo es producto de una explosión freatomagmática que hasta hace pocas décadas contenía un lago en su interior; desafortunadamente, las actividades humanas han contribuido a la disminución del nivel del lago. La reducción paulatina del lago ha sido acompañada por el aumento significativo de la salinidad y el pH del agua, propiciando un ambiente extremo para el desarrollo de la vida microbiana extremófila. Dentro del cráter, comunidades microbianas precipitan carbonatos como parte de su actividad biológica, contribuyendo a la formación de microbialitas. Estudios geobiológicos realizados en diferentes zonas del cráter han reportado comunidades microbianas capaces de sobrevivir a las condiciones extremas del lugar. El desarrollo de comunidades microbianas extremófilas se ha documentado principalmente en tres zonas del cráter: 1) antigua costa del lago, 2) pozas remanentes y 3) sedimentos profundos del lago. El desarrollo de microorganismos extremófilos en ambientes tan peculiares como Rincón de Parangueo es de especial importancia para entender el origen, evolución y distribución de la vida en la Tierra. Además, son fuente de conocimiento científico y tecnológico, que puede ser aplicado en la búsqueda de vida en otros planetas con características extremas similares a las identificadas en la Tierra.
Cometas: entre hitos, mitos e historias
Authors: Paredes-Arriaga Alejandro , Amador-Ortega Mariana
Published: January 2025

La observación de los cometas se ha realizado desde hace miles de años y no ha dejado de ser una actividad importante hasta hoy. Al ser fenómenos aparentemente espontáneos y algunos tan vistosos como para ser observados a plena luz del día, han llegado a protagonizar antiguas mitologías, supersticiones, cuentos, poemas, pinturas, descubrimientos científicos y avances ingenieriles, entre muchas otras. En este trabajo se realiza un recuento de algunos cometas que han marcado la historia humana, mencionando desde el impacto social que han tenido, como en el caso de las discusiones epistémicas que generó el gran cometa de 1680, hasta algunos de los avances científicos más importantes que se han logrado con su estudio, tales como los aportes de Kepler y Newton a entendimiento de los movimientos orbitales de los objetos celestes, o los descubrimientos recientes de moléculas orgánicas importantes para la química prebiótica y el origen de la vida.
Estructura vertical de los oceános: de la práctica a la comprensión
Authors: Estradas-Romero Alejandro , Hermoso-Salazar Ana Margarita
Published: January 2025

Los océanos se encuentran estratificados verticalmente debido a diferencias de densidad del agua. Estas diferencias ocurren como resultado de la temperatura y/o la salinidad del agua. Este documento describe cómo representar de manera práctica y sencilla la estratificación y formación de masas de agua en el océano, causadas por las diferencias de densidad. Los experimentos aquí descritos pueden ser realizados en grupos de tres o cuatro personas. El material requerido es simple, de bajo costo y de fácil acceso.
Acercamiento a la lengua italiana con experimentos de Galileo
Authors: Alaniz-Álvarez Susana A. , Martini Michelangelo , Esparza-Herrera Ana D. , Gutiérrez-Navarro Rodrigo , Hernández-Pérez Yadira A. , Mori Laura , Nieto-Samaniego Ángel F.
Published: January 2025

Se presenta un taller que tiene como propósito enseñar terminología científica en lengua italiana a partir de la realización de experimentos para entender la gravedad, se usan experimentos diseñados por Galileo Galilei. Con el aprendizaje integrado de lenguas y ciencia se impulsa la interdisciplinariedad y la transversalidad en la enseñanza. El taller consiste en una introducción, cuatro clases y un anexo. Cada clase contiene un experimento, cuestionarios cortos sobre la aplicación del experimento en la vida cotidiana, ejercicios de pronunciación y escritura, uno o varios cuestionarios cortos sobre la gramática italiana y los lineamientos para la realización de un video en italiano explicando cada experimento. En la Introducción se presentan las contribuciones de Galileo al desarrollo del concepto de gravedad y, en la parte final del taller, se explica el fundamento teórico de los experimentos. El taller está disponible en dos niveles: Principiantes e Intermedios y Avanzados, y están en acceso abierto desde la página: https://sites.google.com/view/experimentosdegalileo/nivel-principiante-e-intermedio.
Está dirigido a todo público mayor de 9 años. Se prevé la entrega de una constancia de acreditación del taller a las personas que llenen el formulario de inscripción, entreguen el material solicitado en las clases y aprueben los cuestionarios.
Retención de CO2 por mineralización en rocas. Una propuesta de preparación y análisis de muestras en el laboratorio
Authors: Almazán-Mendoza Josué H. , Gómora-Figueroa A. Paulina , Mori Laura , González-Torres Enrique A.
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo se plantea una propuesta de laboratorio para valorar diferentes muestras de rocas ígneas y seleccionar, mediante análisis geoquímico y petrográfico, las mejores candidatas para exponerse a dióxido de carbono acuoso. Lo anterior sirve como guía a estudiantes de licenciatura y posgrado interesados en el tema de almacenamiento de CO2 que deseen conocer algunas de las técnicas de análisis geoquímico que se emplean en el laboratorio. Los protocolos experimentales diseñados fueron validados en el laboratorio por alumnos de los últimos semestres de la carrera de Ingeniería Petrolera y del Posgrado de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la UNAM, los cuales permitieron identificar los parámetros críticos para la mineralización de CO2 en rocas ígneas y olivino, que es un mineral común en las rocas ígneas máficas y se ha reportado como uno de los mejores prospectos para la mineralización de CO2.
Las muestras de roca fueron expuestas a dióxido de carbono disuelto en agua, a una presión entre 5860 y 6550 kPa y una temperatura de 20 a 25 °C. Para confirmar la mineralización del dióxido de carbono se emplearon las técnicas de espectroscopía infrarroja, difracción de rayos X de polvos, microscopía electrónica de barrido y plasma de acoplamiento inductivo acoplado con espectrofotometría de emisión óptica. Se observó que, después de exponer el olivino a CO2 durante 21 y 60 días, se formaron bicarbonatos y carbonatos, respectivamente. Para el caso de las rocas ígneas, se identificaron bicarbonatos después de 30 días de exposición y se observó la liberación de iones Ca2+, Mg2+ y Fe3+ en el agua, que son críticos para la formación de carbonatos.
Aunque la mineralización de CO2 en este tipo de rocas se ha reportado previamente, es necesario continuar la investigación en este tema para elaborar una base de datos con las muestras más idóneas que favorezcan la mineralización de dióxido de carbono y se genere conocimiento de la capacidad de almacenamiento de CO2. Estas experiencias son relevantes para las y los estudiantes de licenciatura y posgrado afines a Ciencias de la Tierra, así como para complementar su formación en temas relacionados con el calentamiento global, la mitigación de emisiones de CO2 y la transición energética.
Formulation & Evaluation of Perfume based on Herbal Oils: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Shajeel , Pandey Vishwajeet , Singh Shashank , Pandey Garima , Allena  , Devratan  , Singh Himanshu , Shukla Dr. Alok Kumar
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Essential oil from lavender flowers and tea tree leaves was extracted using the processes of distillation, maceration,
and steam distillation. Perfume extraction is the process of removing aromatic components from basic materials. In order to
create a natural perfume, this study set out to extract essential oils from particular fragrant and therapeutic plants, flowers, and
leaves. Aromatic essential oils are derived from plants in the Myrtaceous family, such as lavender and Melaleuca alternifolia.
Aromatic essential oils are mostly composed of linalool, 1,8-cineole, linalyl acetate, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, α-terpineol,
terpinen-4-ol, p-cymene, and α-pinene. Numerous studies have also been conducted to ensure that it is safe for human use and
to lessen the likelihood of instability and discomfort. One of lavender's main advantages is its ability to encourage calm without
making people feel sleepy. By regulating the body's fight-or-flight reaction, lavender not only promotes mental serenity but also
lowers anxiety. Lavender essential oil has demonstrated efficacy in lowering stress, while tea tree oil has relaxing properties that
aid in relaxation, stress relief, and improved sleep quality. Research has shown that aromatherapy can help reduce tension, and
tea tree oil is a very useful essential oil for this purpose. To create a natural scent for body splashes or air fresheners, you can
substitute some essential oils for others. However, it is essential to perform more toxicological analyses on the product before
proceeding