bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Medical Therapy on Inflammatory Markers of Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Unit; Study on Crp and Procalcitonin
Authors: Majid Nurhidayah , Bukhari Agussalim , Taslim Nurpudji A. , Syauki Andi Yasmin , As'ad Suryani , Aminuddin
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives: Malnutrition is the most frequent complication in critically ill patients which can be characterized by an increase in inflammatory markers, namely CRP and Procalcitonin, which adversely affects patient outcomes. Nutritional therapy plays an important role in the management of critically ill patients. This study aims to determine the relationship of nutritional medical therapy with CRP and Procalcitonin in critically ill patients.
Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort study design on critical patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Teaching Hospital in 2020-2021 as many as 250 subjects who met the inclusion criteria by screening for malnutrition using the m-Nutric score, laboratory examination of CRP and Procalcitonin and getting nutritional medical therapy.
Results: In the variable energy <600 and mNutric low risk of CRP I and II: 127.70±79.01 vs 161.15±131.45 (p=0.655) while Procalcitonin I and II: 27.79±50.51 vs 11.97±17.21 (p=0.054). In the variable energy ≥ 600 kcal mNutric score low risk for CRP I and II: 154.91±108.66 vs 95.74±74 (p=0.009) while Procalcitonin I and II 15.54±39.49 vs 37.64±62.62 (p=0.841). In the variable energy ˂ 600 kcal and mNutric score high risk of CRP I and II 148.50±47.98 vs no value (p = no) while Procalcitonin I and II: 73.01±73.66 vs 20.42±35.19 (p=0.138). In the variable energy ≥ 600 kcal and mNutric score high risk of CRP I and II 120.95±41.64 vs 76.13±21.16 (p=0.109) while Procalcitonin I and II: 58.20±71.87 vs 35.55±50.90 (p=0.011). In the variable of energy ≥ 600 kcal and mNutric score low risk found a statistically significant decrease in CRP levels and mNutric score high risk found a statistically significant decrease in Procalcitonin levels.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between Nutritional Medical Therapy on CRP and Procalcitonin in critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit with statistically significant results.
Endogenous knowledge and ethnobotanical importance of Treculia africana Decne. ssp. var. africana in southern Benin (West Africa
Authors: DAVOUDOU Pascaline Sènan , YOKA Joseph , GANGLO Jean Cossi
Published: June 2024

Treculia africana Decne. is an important food fruit tree encountered in several tropical forests, knowledge of which is being lost in Benin. This study aims to assess the ethnobotanical knowledge of populations living near the forests of southern Benin on the use of T. africana while assessing the distribution of its knowledge within ethnic and religious groups. To achieve this, 339 respondents, randomly chosen according to a "step", were interviewed in all five localities of the study area (Lokoli, Niaouli 1, Niaouli 2, Itchèdè and Toffo). Relative citation frequencies (FRC, %) were calculated to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The knowledge of local populations and their relationship with the species were determined by calculating four indices, namely the consensus value for the parts of the plant (CPP), the value of the diversity of uses (UD), the value of fairness of use (UE) and consensual value for forms of use (CMU). These data were subjected to PCA, CFA and a generalized linear model (GLM) with fish family and extension. In total, 12 forms of use categorized into seven types of use were reported. The categories of food, medicinal, fodder, medico-magical, wood and energy use are the most cited. The seeds of the species are the organs most used in food; the bark, root, leaves and oil are used to treat various ailments. Knowledge and use values ​​(total, food, medicinal) of the species vary significantly (p < 0.05) between ethnic and religious groups. The Nagot ethnic group as well as the endogenous have a better knowledge of the species compared to other ethnic groups and religions. The reported popular uses offer perspectives for the valuation of the species.
Investigating setting-specific superspreading potential and generation intervals of COVID-19 in Hong Kong
Authors: Cowling Benjamin , Chen Dongxuan , Adam Dillon , Lau Yiu-Chung , Wang Dong , Lim Wey Wen , Ho Faith , Tsang Tim , Lau Eric H. Y. , Wu Peng , Wallinga Jacco , Ali Sheikh Taslim
Published: June 2024

Superspreading is an important feature of SARS-CoV-2, though few studies have investigated quantitatively how transmission characteristics can vary by setting. Using detailed clustering data comprising 8635 SARS-CoV-2 cases confirmed in Hong Kong between 2020–2021 and a negative binomial cluster size model, we estimate the mean number of new infections expected in a cluster CZ and the degree of overdispersion (k) by setting. Estimates of CZ ranged between 0.3–6.1 across eight distinct transmission settings. Close-social indoor (e.g. bars and clubs) and elderly care home settings had the highest CZ around 6, meaning for every introduction an average of six new infections is expected. Overdispersion also differed by setting, ranging from extremely heterogeneous (k = 0.05) to less heterogeneous (k = 1), and was highest in retail, close-social indoor, and care homes settings (k < 0.1), where lower values of k indicate higher superspreading potential. We found that the mean generation interval (GI) also varied by setting (range: 4.4–7.2 days), and settings with shorter mean GIs were associated with smaller cluster sizes. Our results explicitly quantify and demonstrate that superspreading potential and transmission parameters such as the GI can vary across settings, which highlights the need of setting-specific interventions for effective outbreak control.
Value-Based Healthcare in practice: IDEATE, a collaboration to design and test an outcomes-based agreement for a medicine in Wales
Authors: J Burton , K Halsby , G Sáinz de la Fuente , J Pearson-Stuttard , R Sloan , T Porter , G John , A Warburton , J Selby , G Povey , M Chowdhury , C Bale , M Davies , E Clifton-Brown , H Laing
Published: June 2024

Objective:
To develop a sustainable, scalable methodology for the design of outcome-based agreements (OBAs) that works on the ground and dynamically overcomes historical challenges.
Methods:
Project IDEATE co-created solutions to known (and emergent) challenges via iterative workshops and real-world data analysis to develop and refine a hypothetical model for an OBA in a trusted research environment. A cross-disciplinary collaboration between NHS Wales, industry, and academia was developed. Data were collected from Welsh national datasets and used to inform a novel linked-dataset. OBA scenarios, with different contract parameters, were analysed to assess impact on the proportion of contract payment due and the volatility of payments.
Results:
An approved, in market, locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer treatment was selected as the test case. The total number of patients in the treatment cohort (2017–2020) was n = 99, and 286 in the control cohort (2014–2016). The final outcome variables selected were: 1) 1-year survival, 2) intolerance to treatment (deferral), and 3) the total days disrupted by care. The primary scenario included all three outcomes measured at the population level and used a linear payment model. Volatility analyses demonstrated contract parameters can dramatically alter the contract output with greatest risk from a single, binary outcome contract design.
Conclusions:
The design of an OBA is a complex process that requires a multidisciplinary approach. By better pinpointing which medicines are a good fit for an OBA, assessing solutions to data, outcomes, and contracting challenges, IDEATE provides a strong foundation for future success of OBAs in the UK.
Timed topical dexamethasone eye drops improve mitochondrial function to prevent severe retinopathy of prematurity.
Authors: Yagi Hitomi , Boeck Myriam , Petrishka-Lozenska Mariya , Lundgren Pia , Kasai Taku , Cagnone Gael ,   gael.cagnone.1@gmail.com, Wang Chaomei , Lee Jeff , Tomita Yohei , Singh Sasha A. , Joyal Jean-Sébastien , Aikawa Masanori , Negishi Kazuno , Fu Zhongjie , Hellström Ann , Smith Lois E.H.
Published: June 2024

Pathological neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can cause visual impairment in preterm infants. Current ROP treatments which are not preventative and only address late neovascular ROP, are costly and can lead to severe complications. We showed that topical 0.1% dexamethasone eye drops administered prior to peak neovessel formation prevented neovascularization in five extremely preterm infants at high risk for ROP and suppressed neovascularization by 30% in mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) modeling ROP. In contrast, in OIR, topical dexamethasone treatment before any neovessel formation had limited efficacy in preventing later neovascularization, while treatment after peak neovessel formation had a non-statistically significant trend to exacerbating disease. Optimally timed topical dexamethasone suppression of neovascularization in OIR was associated with increased retinal mitochondrial gene expression and decreased inflammatory marker expression, predominantly found in immune cells. Blocking mitochondrial ATP synthetase reversed the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on neovascularization in OIR. This study provides new insights into topical steroid effects in retinal neovascularization and into mitochondrial function in phase II ROP, and suggests a simple clinical approach to prevent severe ROP.
Value Chain and Efficiency Analysis of Pangas and Tilapia Marketing in Selected Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Badiuzzaman  , Mandal Anup Kumar , Mandal MA Sattar
Published: June 2024

This article presents a framework for Pangas and Tilapia supply and value addition in Bangladesh based on different market prices. In this paper, we extend the analysis by assessing the different marketing costs of intermediaries and arathdar commissions. Using stratified random sampling techniques and structured questionnaires with face-to-face interviews, 950 samples were surveyed; these samples were collected from Dhaka, including Gazipur, Mymensingh, Cumilla, Bagura, and Khulna, as well as from Jossore, Chattagram, and Barishal, including Vhola and Dinajpur districts. Few actors are more powerful in relation to the supply chain in Pangas and Tilapia farming, and they earn more profit. The added value of Pangas arathder is Tk. 11017, Tk. 9506 and Tk. 8954 per ton according to the size of the fish, which were above 2 kg, 1-2 kg and less than 1 kg. However, the value added by Pangas wholesaler was Tk 6613. 6859 and Tk. 6292 per ton, which is lower than that of arathdar. The value added by the retailer of Pangas is Tk. 13602, 12067 and 11504 per ton according to the size of the fish, which were greater than 2 kg, 1-2 kg and less than 1 kg, respectively. However, in Tilapia farming, the value added is greater than that of Pangas arathder, which is Tk. 15685, Tk. 10669 and Tk. 8041 per ton according to size of fish. The study also revealed that the value added by Tilapia wholesalers and retailers was greater than that added by Pangas wholesalers and retailers, for which Tk was 10496 and Tk, respectively. 9492 and Tk. 7916 per ton. Because the market price of tilapia is higher than that of Pangas. In the Pangas and Tilapia Value Chain, Farmer > Arathdar > Retailer > Hotel was the most efficient channel, and the least efficient channel was Farmer > Local Wholesaler > Retailer > Final Consumer.
Assessment of the subsurface architecture insights across the Pan African Belt in Northern Cameroon: Applications of 2.75D Geophysical Modelling of Aeromagnetic Data from the Guider-Kaele Area.
Authors: Ngoh Jean Daniel
Published: June 2024

In this study, aeromagnetic data were used to construct a geological model of the Guider-Kaele area in northwestern Cameroon, which is part of the northern segment of the Pan-African belt in Cameroon. The area is dominated by the Poli and Mangbei lithostratigraphic Groups (Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks and metavolcanic rocks) intruded by late Pan-African granitoids and tertiary ring complexes. For quantitative analysis, 2.75D forward modelling of these magnetic data was performed using Oasis Montaj v. 8.4 along four transects oriented N‒S (two lines), NNE‒SSW and NNW‒SSE.. Well log information, borehole data, geologic maps, previous geophysical studies, and Euler deconvolution depth estimates constrained the models derived. In particular, Euler’s deconvolution estimated the depth to the magnetic sources (faults and some intrusions) in the 0.39 km to 11.44 km range beneath sea level. Furthermore, the proposed geological models highlight a subsurface composed of a volcanic-sedimentary cover overlying a granitic faulted basement, with some igneous intrusions (doleritic dyke swarms and granodiorites) and several troughs filled with volcanic-sedimentary deposits. In addition, these models reveal that the crust is thinning. The presence of a prominent greenschist layer in this area testifies to the thermal history or degree of metamorphism of its bedrock.
Perioperative blood transfusion
Authors: Ali Leen Sheikh , Asfour Fatima Benjamin , Raqamani Najwa
Published: June 2024

Background: The practice of transfusion for surgical patients has changed from replacing surgically lost blood with alloplastic transfusions to implementing strategies that reduce transfusion requirements. Although there are numerous and sometimes partially contradictory perioperative transfusion guidelines, implementation of perioperative transfusion guidelines is sometimes difficult due to local differences in clinicians' knowledge and experience and characteristics of surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate perioperative transfusion practices in patients undergoing elective major surgery.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Damascus Hospital (Al-Mujtahid) in the period between November 2023 and February 2024. The study included patients of the following departments: general surgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and vascular surgery. Patients who underwent selective surgeries before and after surgery were studied, and their number reached 130 patients.
Results: Our study included 148 patients; the percentage of males (60.1%) compared to females (39.9%). The largest age group was “45-69” (43.2%). The most common blood group is O+ (24.3%). More than half of the patients were not taking any medications (55.4%). Medications taken: anti-coagulant (7.4%), blood pressure and diabetes medications (2.7%). Medical history was: diabetes mellitus (8.1), diabetes and hypertension (6.1%). The type of surgery was as follows: orthopedic and general surgery (33.8%) each, neurosurgery (20.3%), and vascular surgery (12.2%). Blood transfusion was more frequent postoperatively (23%), and a higher percentage did not undergo a blood transfusion (27%). Whole blood transfusion was the most widely used strategy, especially in orthopedic surgeries.
Conclusion: We found that approximately 70% of patients who underwent major elective surgery underwent blood transfusions, to a lesser extent, to one or more of its derivatives, and the largest percentage, 23%, underwent blood transfusions postoperatively. Indications for blood transfusion included the hemoglobin threshold and the type of surgery.
Introduction to the PanScales framework, version 0.1
Authors: van Beekveld Melissa , Dasgupta Mrinal , El-Menoufi Basem Kamal , Ferrario Ravasio Silvia , Hamilton Keith , Helliwell Jack , Karlberg Alexander , Medves Rok , Monni Pier Francesco , Salam Gavin P. , Scyboz Ludovic , Soto-Ontoso Alba , Soyez Gregory , Verheyen Rob
Published: June 2024

In this article, we document version 0.1 of the PANSCALES code for parton shower simulations. With the help of a few examples, we discuss basic usage of the code, including tests of logarithmic accuracy of parton showers. We expose some of the numerical techniques underlying the logarithmic tests and include a description of how users can implement their own showers within the framework. Some of the simpler logarithmic tests can be performed in a few minutes on a modern laptop. As an early step towards phenomenology, we also outline some aspects of a preliminary interface to PYTHIA 8.3, for access to its hard matrix elements and its hadronisation modules.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO ECONOMICS STUDENTS
Authors: Yuldosheva Rano
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of a study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of innovative methods for teaching foreign languages to economics students at Tashkent State University of Economics (TSEU). The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of innovative methods for teaching foreign languages to economics students. The study involved 200 students divided into control and experimental groups. The control group was taught using traditional methods, while the experimental group used VR, AR, online courses, role-playing games, project-based learning, adaptive programs, and digital technologies. Results showed significant improvement in the performance and satisfaction of the experimental group. The use of innovative methods led to a 23.7% increase in average scores compared to the control group. Qualitative analysis also confirmed positive student perceptions of the new teaching methods.
Pre-service Teacher’s Perceptions on the Use of WhatsApp for the Teaching of English in Two Public Schools in Pereira, Risaralda.
Authors: Ramos Gallego Dolly , Velásquez Hoyos Ángela Patricia , Arcila Ramírez Angélica
Published: June 2024

El siguiente trabajo es un estudio de caso de investigación cualitativa que tuvo como objetivo identificar las percepciones de los futuros docentes en formación en inglés sobre WhatsApp como recurso educativo para la enseñanza del idioma inglés en dos colegios públicos de Pereira, Colombia durante la pandemia del Covid-19. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionarios virtuales para conocer las reflexiones y experiencias durante la implementación de WhatsApp (WA) para orientar un curso de inglés. Los hallazgos revelan que WhatsApp ofreció a los futuros docentes la posibilidad de interacción, acceso a contenidos y materiales y promoción de la autonomía. Además, los hallazgos muestran algunas desventajas relacionadas con la conectividad, preocupaciones tecnológicas y diversas limitaciones experimentadas principalmente durante la pandemia de Covid-19.
Efectividad de una estrategia de intervención para fortalecer la resiliencia en estudiantes secundarios peruanos en la postpandemia
Authors: Lino Talavera Astrit , Pari Quispe Lourdes , Lima Condori Víctor Manuel , Calsin Molleapaza Imelda , Mamani Cachicatari Germán , Martínez Pérez Juan , Ripoll Córdoba Daniela , Caldichoury Obando Nicole
Published: June 2024

La población en etapa escolar fue notoriamente afectada por el periodo de confinamiento a causa de la pandemia SARS-COV-19, la que limitó su capacidad de interacción social y comprometió su estado de salud mental. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la eficacia del uso de historietas como estrategia de intervención en el desarrollo de la resiliencia en estudiantes de educación secundaria postpandemia. Se incluyeron 134 estudiantes, usando la escala de Wagnild y Young adaptada. En quienes la edad promedio fue de 12.58 años (DE= 0.497), se realizaron análisis de t student para comparar diferencias intragrupales (GE, GC), y d de cohen para medir el tamaño de efecto. Los resultados arrojaron diferencias significativas en todas dimensiones del test de resiliencia a favor del grupo experimental (resiliencia: t=20.085, p=000; satisfacción personal: t= 12.677, p= 000; ecuanimidad: t= 9.008, p= 000; sentirse bien solo: t=10.774, p=000; confianza en sí mismo: t=12.972, p=000; perseverancia: t=11.427, p= 000), con tamaños de efecto muy grandes (d= 1.841 - 3.293). Se concluye que las historietas como estrategia de intervención tienen una eficacia altamente significativa en el desarrollo de la resiliencia en estudiantes de educación secundaria en tiempos poscovid-19.
Análisis del daño en edificio de hormigón armado en Santiago durante el sismo del 27 de febrero del 2010
Authors: Cordero Rory , Leiva Gilberto , Baeza Marcial
Published: June 2024

Un edificio de hormigón armado, de 19 pisos, 2 subterráneos y un piso mecánico, ubicado en Santiago, sufrió importante daño durante el sismo de Chile del 27 de febrero del 2010, destacándose la falla de un muro en el primer subterráneo, que se propagó a través de la sección, con importante pérdida de hormigón y pandeo del refuerzo longitudinal de borde y del alma. En el presente trabajo se ha pretendido obtener una explicación del daño y evaluar la posibilidad de predecir dicho daño a partir de análisisdinámicos tiempo historia lineal de un modelo 3D del edificio, considerando las tres componentes del registro sísmico. Se observó que un modelo lineal elástico, bajo ciertas condiciones, es capaz de determinar la ubicación más probable de daño, iniciado por la activación de un modo de vibrar asociado a la gran masa traslacional, determinado por el arribo en un tiempo específico de unpulso de energía de la señal sísmica (obtenido mediante espectrograma) y cuya frecuencia es similar a la de un modo de vibrar fundamental del edificio. Se evalúan los criterios que el modelo debe cumplir para lograr reproducir aproximadamente la ubicación del daño y se analizan ciertos aspectos normativos del diseño.
Investigation of Hepatitis B Virus in the Body of the Bed Bug Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Fed on Infected Human Blood by RT-PCR Method
Authors: Kiani-Ravesh Narges , Alipour Hamzeh , Kalantari Mohsen , Sarvari Jamal , Shahriari-Namadi M Marziae , Dabaghmanesh Sorena , Moemenbellah-Fard Mohammad Djaefar
Published: June 2024

Background

Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are insects found in abundance among urban and rural communities. Both male and female bed bugs thrive on human blood. The main aim of this study was to detect Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in the body of the bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), fed on naturally infected patient blood by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

Methods

In this experiment, C. hemipterus bugs nourished once with HBV-positive blood were examined by RT-PCR at 1, 2, 3, 7- and 10 days post-engorgement. Bloodsucking was performed using an artificial membrane feeding system. RNA was extracted from infected bed bugs, and cDNA was then synthesized to monitor the HBV mRNA.

Results

The RT-PCR test results for infected specimens were positive on the first to third days post-bloodsucking. Moreover, the sample on days 7-10 was negative for HBV. This study also revealed that the breeding of bed bugs under laboratory conditions lasted for one week from the first to fifth nymph stages.

Conclusion

Since HBV mRNA was detected in infected bed bugs until the third-day post-engorgement, it is likely that they potentially transmitted HBV. It is thus indispensable to conduct more thorough research in the future.
Leveraging Machine Learning and Patient Reviews for Developing a Drug Recommendation System to Reduce Medical Errors
Authors: Swain K. P. , Mohapatra S.K. , Ravi Vinayakumar , Nayak Soumya Ranjan , Alahmadi Tahani Jaser , Singh Prabhishek , Diwakar Manoj
Published: June 2024

Background

In the rapidly evolving pharmaceutical industry, drug efficacy and safety stand as critical concerns. The vast accumulation of data, including customer feedback, drug popularity, and usage details, offers a rich resource for improving healthcare outcomes.

Aims

The primary aim of this study is to harness machine learning and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to sift through extensive pharmaceutical data, identifying the most effective drugs for various conditions and uncovering patterns that could guide better decision-making in drug efficacy and safety.

Objective

This research seeks to construct a sophisticated model capable of analyzing diverse data points to pinpoint the most efficacious drugs for specific health conditions, thereby providing pharmaceutical companies with data-driven insights to optimize drug safety and effectiveness.

Methods

Employing a blend of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning strategies, the study analyzes a comprehensive dataset featuring customer reviews, drug popularity metrics, usage information, and other relevant data collected over an extended period. This methodological approach aims to reveal latent trends and patterns that are crucial for assessing drug performance.

Results

The developed model adeptly identifies leading medications for various conditions, elucidating efficacy and safety profiles derived from patient reviews and drug utilization trends. These findings furnish pharmaceutical companies with actionable intelligence for enhancing drug development and patient care strategies.

Conclusion

The integration of machine learning and NLP for the analysis of vast drug-related datasets presents a powerful method for advancing drug efficacy and safety. The insights yielded by the proposed model significantly empower the decision-making processes of the pharmaceutical industry, ultimately fostering improved health outcomes for patients.
Tavassul, Istigasa and Rabita as Elements of Sufi Ritual Practice in the Context of Criticism by Dagestani Enlightenment Reformers of the First Third of the 20th Century
Authors:   Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, Amir Ramazanovich Navruzov ,   Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

At the beginning of the 20th century, the ideas of Muslim reformism spread widely in the North Caucasus. Dagestani enlightening reformers (renovationists) in their works dealt with a wide variety of issues, such as the reform of Islamic education, Muslim law, “the women's question”, combating obso-lete adats, etc. On the whole, the reformers had a positive attitude toward Sufism, but criticized such elements of Sufi ritual practice as tavassul, istigasa, and rabita. Some of them went to even greater ex-tremes and even denied the legitimacy of Sufism from the point of view of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. This mainly concerned such disciples and followers of Ali Kayaev (1878–1943) as Mukhammad Abdar-rashida al-Harakani (1900–1927), Mukhammad ‘Umari al-Uhli (1897 – the mid 1940s), Mas'ud al-Muhuhi (1893–1941), Abdarrahim al-Aimaki (died in the 1980s), and Magomed-Said Saidov (1902–1985). Dagestani renovationists of the first third of the 20th century were representatives of the ethical direction in Islamic thought characterized by a modernizing orientation in their programmes, including in matters of Sufism. They set themselves the task of spiritual education of the Muslims of Dagestan under the conditions of an industrial society and scientific advancement at the beginning of the 20th century. The issue of spiritual purification through a new perception of Islam was part of their pro-gramme aimed to form a new inner image and worldview foundations of a Muslim, a citizen of the country and an architect of a new society in a difficult transition period of the era. To do this, they as-pired to “adapt” religion by finding and interpreting new ways for the progressive development of socie-ty with the goal of peaceful and equal integration of Muslims in the North Caucasus into the Russian legal space.
Rushdie Mektebs in the Legal Field of the Russian State in the Early Twentieth Century (Through the Example of Tauride Governorate)
Authors:   Crimean Law Institute (branch) of the University of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, Rustem Izettovich Hayali
Published: June 2024

Rushdie mektebs established in the Crimea during the revolution of 1905 were an alternative to the new-method mektebs of I. Gasprinsky and the state ministerial Russian-Tatar schools. Rushdie schools appeared under the influence of the generation that grew up on the ideas of Jadidism and Young Turks. Rushdie schools combined Islamic and secular sciences in the educational process. The schools were opened without consent of the local authorities, they did not meet the require-ments of the Ministry of Public Education and did not fit into the legal field of the Russian state. At the discretion of the provincial government, some rushdie mektebs were transferred to the jurisdic-tion of the Tauride Mohammedan Spiritual Board and became confessional schools, some were reas-signed to the Ministry of Public Education according to the rules of 1907 or closed.
Religious Positioning of Head of the Chechen Republic in the Media (Based on a Study of Telegram Posts with Research Methods of Classical and Digital Sociology)
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PFRC UB RAS), Al’bina Viktorovna Mikhaleva
Published: June 2024

In the age of information warfare, the media activity of political leaders becomes an important man-agement tool. The issue of spiritual and moral positioning of political leaders acquires additional rel-evance in the context of a special military operation (SMO) and the ideological confrontation of its main participants. The study is focused on identifying the specifics of the religious positioning of Ramzan Kadyrov, Head of the Chechen Republic, in Telegram social media platform in the SMO context. The work is based on the methods of classical and digital sociology, as well as on the dis-course analysis of text messages. 2035 publications by R. Kadyrov on his Telegram page from Feb-ruary 24, 2022 to February 23, 2023, including 1406 videos, 165 photos/print-screens, 20 audio mes-sages and 3 docs-attachments were analyzed using unselected sample method. The analysis revealed that Islam remains one of the most significant subjects for the head of the Chechen Republic over the specified time period acquiring an exceptional meaning in the conditions of the SMO. In a situa-tion of ideological confrontation with the West and the focus of the leadership of the Russian Feder-ation on traditional values, there appear new opportunities for realizing Islamic interests. At the same time, the question of the ultimate potential of their implementation in the legal system of a secular state inevitably arises. Further correlation of Islamic and national-state content in the Che-chen case will be determined by current trends in the political development.
Factors of trust in and distrust of religious institutions in the public conscious-ness of the younger generation of Dagestanis
Authors:   Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Madina Magomedkamilovna Shakhbanova
Published: June 2024

The Islamic renaissance, the increased role of the confessional component in modern Dagestani so-ciety, the orientation towards religious postulates characteristic of Dagestani population and their introduction into public consciousness requires an analysis of the presence/absence of trust in reli-gious institutions. The realities indicate that the population adheres to the provisions of Islamic teachings in a personal model of behavior in various spheres (family, marriage, political, economic, ethical). The article analyzes the level of trust in spiritual institutions, in this context, the republican Muftiate, existing in the public consciousness of the younger generation of Dagestanis. Gender, age, and educational differences are shown in demonstrating trust in and distrust of the Muftiate. The empirical material obtained indicates the presence of a high level of trust in the Muftiate in the pub-lic consciousness of the Dagestani youth surveyed. Through the prism of attitudes towards religion, analytics states the difference in the attitudes of respondents by type of religiosity: an overwhelming majority of those who associate as convinced believers and believers demonstrate trust, unlike the sub-masses of waverers, non-believers and convinced non-believers. The “control question” on the basis of distrust of the republican Muftiate shows that the younger generation of Dagestanis consid-er the destructive role of this organization in religious life, the opposition of Dagestani Muslims, which contributed to the intra-Islamic split and groundless accusations of “undesirable persons of Wahhabism and Salafism” to be the main reason for its existence. The material confirming a high degree of trust in the religious institute among the young Dagestanis interviewed is a natural result of the Muftiate’s active efforts, which consist in the introduction of Islamic postulates into the mass consciousness. In particular, there is an active participation of Islamic clerics in the political and ed-ucational processes of contemporary Dagestani society. The activity of religious persons, the latent imposition of a model of relationships based on Muslim rules, may, firstly, destabilize Dagestani so-ciety, and secondly, form the principles of religious intolerance therein.
How western media cover the conflict escalation in the Gaza Strip: objective reflection of events or distortion of reality?
Authors:   MGIMO University of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Gyulnara Ilyasbekovna Gadzhimuradova , Bella Yuryevna Kurochkina
Published: June 2024

The article provides an analysis of the Western-oriented media outlets and its coverage of the crisis in the Gaza Strip, as well the actions of HAMAS and the IDF. The paper also examines the reaction of the international community to the HAMAS attack on Israel, as well as to the IDF's retaliatory strike on the Gaza Strip and on the civilian population. The author analyzes the ways in which Western media present the conflict and their impact on public opinion. The study concludes that Western media intentionally and voluntarily use specific stylistic phrases and expressions describ-ing the actions of HAMAS, applying at the same time a neutral journalistic style with regard to the humanitarian disaster in the Gaza Strip, which results in depersonalization of Palestinian victims. The change in the news agenda is directly related to the transformation of the international community's reaction to the events in the Gaza Strip: the positions of key Western countries soften regarding the humanitarian disaster in the Gaza Strip so does Western media. The fact of depersonalization and de-humanization of the Palestinian population still remains on the news agenda, which leads to the conclu-sion that despite the claims of independence and liberality the Western media broadcast a position structure of Western states and Israel in covering the conflict in the Gaza Strip, ignoring at the same time the interpretation of the conflict by non-Western actors, including Russia.
Semantic portrait and mechanism of functioning of etymon lexemes in the sacred text of the Qur’an and its translations into Russian (theolinguistic aspect)
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Patimat Aripovna Magomedova , Azartsun Akhmedovich Magomedov
Published: June 2024

The article deals with lexical-semantic description of Arabic etymon lexemes used in the verses of the Qur’an: adjectives عَلِيٌّ, عْلَى and مُتَعَالٍ. The authors present the paradigmatic and syntagmatic charac-teristics of the units representing the concept of “The Greatness of God” in the Arabic language. The problem of modeling the religious worldview, which acquires particular importance in semantic and functional aspects when based on the material of the sacred text and its translations, has been and remains relevant. The original text should be properly translated relying on Arabic tafsirs in or-der to decode the original religious worldview objectified in the language of the Qur’anic Scripture, which further is to be recreated in the target language. The complexity and ambiguity of under-standing the Qur’anic etymon lexemes requires from the translator utmost correctness and thor-oughness in conducting the analysis and the integrated application of cognitive-semantic, theocen-tric and linguocultural approaches.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity of Deep-frozen Green Coffee and Roasted Coffee
Authors: Aguayo-Muñoz Mónica Monserrat , Guadarrama-Lezama Andrea Yazmín , Pérez-Alonso César , Cruz-Olivares Julian
Published: June 2024

There is little information on the antioxidant composition of green or roasted coffee. This work evaluated the antioxidant capacity (AC) and the content of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in the ethanolic extracts of deep-frozen green coffee (DFGC), green coffee without deep-freezing (GCWDF), and roasted coffee (RC). The AC was evaluated by the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods, while the content of phenolic compounds was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The average values of the AC (mmol Trolox/g coffee) were 1.35 for DFGC at a temperature interval between -40ºC and -10 ºC, 0.22 for GCWDF, and 0.15 for RC between100 ºC and 250 ºC by the ABTS method. These values correspond to a % inhibition of this radical of 90.5, 81.5, and 62.3, respectively. By the DPPH method, the AC (mg caffeic acid/g coffee) was 21.31 for DFGC, 20.91 for GCWDF, and 7.72 for RC. These values correspond to a % inhibition of this radical of 94.4, 94.4, and 87.6, respectively. The TPC content (mg gallic acid/g coffee) was, on average, 158.4 for DFGC, 132.6 for GCWDF, and 99.3 for RC. To know the content of antioxidant compounds considering the rate and speed at which they can be extracted, the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) in m2/s, and the first-order kinetic constant (k) in s-1 of the TPC extraction process were also determined. The results of Deff were 6.810-11, 4.710-11, and 5.8310-11, and those of k were 2.1510-3, 1.5710-3, and 1.5810-3 on average for DFGC, GCWDF and RC, respectively.
Design Process of ROOM: A Mobile Intervention Supporting University Students’ Well-Being (Preprint)
Authors: Laure Tajda , Villegas Meija Camila , Boffo Marilisa , Remmerswaal Danielle , Dulloo Djameela , van Der Hallen Ruth , Mayer Birgit , Littel Marianne , Dierckx Bram , Legerstee Jeroen S , Engels Rutger C M E
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

University students are experiencing a multitude of challenges and a rise in mental health issues impacting their academic performance and overall well-being. In response, Erasmus University Rotterdam started the Student Wellbeing Programme in 2019, offering comprehensive, tailored support through a stepped-care framework to enhance student success and well-being. One of the tools developed for the students is an anonymous and accessible preventative mental health app, ROOM.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to describe the process of ROOM’s development guided by the Centre for eHealth Research roadmap (CeHRes) roadmap and privacy-by-design principles, highlighting lessons learned throughout this process.

METHODS

This study describes the first three phases of the CeHRes Roadmap: Contextual Inquiry, Value Specification, and Design. It details the population (i.e., stakeholders) included, methods employed (i.e., literature reviews, expert groups, cognitive walkthroughs, interviews, experimental designs) and the outcomes of each phase.

RESULTS

The four-year development process resulted in ROOM, an adaptive mental health intervention that uses a transdiagnostic approach. The intervention targets underlying factors of most prevalent mental health problems among this population, namely emotion regulation (ER) skills and self-awareness. ROOM employs various therapeutic approaches, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Positive Psychology, Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion, to suit diverse student needs. To address this demographic’s reported technostress, ROOM integrates tools that support the application of skills in real life. Altogether, the minimal viable product consists of 26 ER exercises, tools stimulating the transfer of learned skills into real-life environments, self-assessments evaluating user states (e.g., stress levels) and traits (e.g., perfectionism), a mood tracker, and an intelligent recommender system that increases the relevance and responsiveness of the tool.

CONCLUSIONS

We detailed the development of ROOM, including the trade-offs and challenges encountered. The trade-offs needed to be made to balance user needs, resource constraints, and privacy-by-design standards, often compromising ROOM’s interactivity. Other challenges included simplifying complex psychological concepts into brief formats, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, balancing academic rigor with industry production pace, and operating with fixed resources while committing to an iterative process. This paper may serve as a primer for designing transdiagnostic, adaptive mental health interventions for youth, blending therapeutic approaches and fostering skill transfer.
WELL-AI Platform: A SMART blockchain solution for eliminating bad medical debt (Preprint)
Authors: Al Khatib Inas , Ndiaye Malick
Published: June 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of existing literature on patient medical debt, exploring its consequences, potential sources of humanitarian assistance, the usual procedures for managing patients with outstanding debt, and the investigation of technological platforms facilitating seamless connections between these entities. The objective is to identify any existing gaps in this process and assess whether a SMART blockchain solution could effectively bridge them.
Design/methodology/approach: Bridging the healthcare sector with humanitarian efforts to tackle medical debt presents a multifaceted worldwide dilemma demanding inventive approaches. A systematic analysis of literature utilizing the Scopus database and the PRISMA method was conducted, spanning from 1990 to 2024. Thematic analysis was then employed to organize the findings from the literature.
Findings: Despite the array of technological advancements aiding patients in locating resources for alleviating medical debt and its negative implications on both the patient and the hospital system as a whole, a singular, comprehensive blockchain solution with SMART capabilities is yet to emerge. This study advocates for the creation of such a solution to address this gap effectively.
Research limitations/implications: It was challenging to restrict the literature review solely to academic peer-reviewed journals of academic significance because of the technical multifaceted nature of the research subject.
Practical implications: Assist prospective researchers in establishing a research plan for upcoming investigations.
Social implications: Increases the importance of intensified research efforts that connect healthcare and humanitarian fields, with the goal of boosting the societal impact of such efforts on both the physical and mental health of individuals by eradicating medical debt.
Originality/value: A comprehensive review was conducted on a total of 358 papers spanning healthcare, humanitarian, and technology domains, resulting in the most extensive literature examination within these sectors. The review of 107 sources of which 62 were academic and 45 were professional, has introduced novel perspectives, offering fresh insights into prospective avenues for research within these fields.
Paper type: Systematic Literature Review
Efficacy of solifenacin, mirabegron and combination therapy in children with daytime urinary incontinence (BeDry): Protocol for a randomized single-blinded controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Svendsen Ann-Kristine Mandøe , Hagstrøm Søren , Thorsteinsson Kristina Nauheimer , Kamperis Konstantinos , Olesen Anne Estrup , Borch Luise
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

According to International Children’s Continence Society (ICCS), first-line treatment of children with daytime urinary incontinence is standard urotherapy, eventually followed by pharmacotherapy of anticholinergics. The effect of medical treatment is sparsely investigated and primarily in non-randomized trials.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective is to evaluate if (1) combination therapy of solifenacin and mirabegron in low doses is superior to monotherapy of solifenacin in high dose and if (2) combination therapy of mirabegron and solifenacin in low doses is superior to monotherapy of mirabegron in high dose in treatment of daytime urinary incontinence among children aged 5 to 14 years who are none complete responders to respectively monotherapy of solifenacin in low dose or monotherapy of mirabegron in low dose.
The secondary objective is to evaluate the treatment response of combination therapy of solifenacin and mirabegron in low doses, monotherapy in high dose and monotherapy in low doses as supplementary comparisons. Additionally, the secondary objective is to evaluate side effects, safety, and tolerability of the medical treatment as well as the effect of treatment on well-being and quality of life.

METHODS

Children aged 5-14 years diagnosed with daytime urinary incontinence refractory to standard urotherapy will be randomized to four treatment groups, randomization 1:1:1:1. Initially two groups will receive solifenacin 5 mg and two groups will receive mirabegron 25 mg. After 6 weeks, non-complete respondsers will receive add-on treatment according to their primary randomization group; group 1A will reviece solifenacin 5 mg and add-on solifenacin 5 mg, group 1B will receive solifenacin 5 mg and add-on mirabegron 25 mg, group 2A will receive mirabegron 25 mg and add-on mirabegron 25 mg, group 2B will receive mirabegron 25 mg and add-on solifenacin 5 mg. Total treatment period will be 18 weeks.
The primary endpoint measure is treatment response assessed by change from visit 2 to end of study, according to number of wet days pr. 7 days by DryPie.

RESULTS

Participants will be included from June 2024 to December 2027.

CONCLUSIONS

The trial has the potential to optimize medical treatment of children with daytime urinary incontinence, to shorten the treatment period, diminish side effects and minimized unnecessary medical expenses.

CLINICALTRIAL

EU CT 2023-510187-13-00
Adaptive Governance Komunikasi Informasi Bencana Covid-19 Melalui Facebook dan Twitter oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Rahmanto Fajar , Zaenuri Muchamad , Fauzi Rahmat Al
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to see the extent to which local governments have adapted to using social media to be handling with the Covid-19 disaster. This study uses a qualitative approach. Primary data collection by interview and secondary from social media accounts of local government organizations of the Special Province of Yogyakarta were analyzed with NVivo12 Plus. The results of this study the use of social media Facebook and Twitter by government agencies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province in handling covid to convey health information to the public. To facilitate access to accelerations of the spread of covid information from local governments externally by using social media and internally with the CMS (Corona Monitoring System). Finally, this study concludes that adaptive governance in the communication of pandemic disaster information using social media is an offer that can develop for local governments to adopt in the communication and disaster information management process. Adaptation of pandemic disaster management by utilizing social media can be a model for future efforts to build the adaptive capacity of local governments to be better prepared to deal with disasters that occur quickly.