bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision of the genus Chrysaora Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)
Authors: MORANDINI ANDRÉ C. , MARQUES ANTONIO C.
Published: December 2018

Revision of the scyphozoan genus Chrysaora Péron & Lesueur, 1810 was undertaken from observations on museum material (Brazil, Europe, and USA), on living specimens in nature, and on life-cycles of some species cultured under laboratory conditions. A total of 168 museum lots, some of them having many medusae, were inspected. Included amongst these were nine type specimens. The genus comprises 13 valid species (Chrysaora achlyos, C. chinensis, C. colorata, C. fulgida, C. fuscescens, C. hysoscella, C. lactea, C. melanaster, C. pacifica, C. pentastoma, C. plocamia, and C. quinquecirrha), one species inquirenda (Chrysaora caliparea), and two doubtful species (C. kynthia and C. wurlerra). Differentiation of species is based mostly on tentacle number, shape of radial septa, order of tentacle development, colouration, and measurements of nematocysts. We resurrect C. chinensis for specimens from southeast Asia. Chrysaora pacifica is considered valid and distinct from C. melanaster based on tentacle number and nematocyst complement. Mediterranean specimens assigned to C. hysoscella are hermaphroditic and thereby considered distinct from those of C. fulgida from west Africa. Chrysaora achlyos (northeast Pacific) and C. plocamia (southeast Pacific and southwest Atlantic) are geographically isolated but morphologically identical, being distinguished only by colour pattern. The recently described C. southcotti is considered a junior synonym of C. pentastoma. The Australian C. kynthia and C. wurlerra, here considered nomina dubia, merit further study. Our phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the genus Chrysaora forms a monophyletic group, with C. colorata, C. plocamia, and C. achlyos having a basal position in the phylogeny. Species with more than 24 tentacles (formerly assigned to the genus Dactylometra) form a clade with a derived position.
Description of the immature stages and life history of Euselasia (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) on Miconia (Melastomataceae) in Costa Rica
Authors: NISHIDA KENJI
Published: December 2018

The immature stages and life histories of Euselasia chrysippe (Bates, 1866) and E. bettina (Hewitson, 1869) are described, providing the first detailed morphological characters for the subfamily Euselasiinae. The larvae of Euselasia chrysippe and E. bettina specialize on several species of Miconia (Melastomataceae). The eggs are stalked (the first reported case of such in Lepidoptera) and laid in clusters on the underside of leaves. The larvae are gregarious and feed, rest, molt, and pupate ‘synchronously’. Both species have six larval instars which exhibit processionary behavior throughout their development. SD2 setae on the prothoracic shield are sensitive to airborne vibrations and are related to the head-flicking behavior exhibited by larvae while feeding, perhaps as a defensive strategy to deter attacks by parasitoids. Several morphological characters of first instar larvae are unique among Lepidoptera: extra setae, bifurcated dorsal setae on A1–8, and various organs. Sixth instar larvae possess subcircular plates on the dorsolateral surfaces of all segments of the thorax and abdomen. These smooth plates have a metallic-blue iridescence that is structural in nature. Pupation occurred singly or gregariously under laboratory conditions. The total duration of the life cycle under laboratory conditions lasted up to eight weeks. New records of parasitoids for Euselasia include Encarsia and Telenomus from eggs. A list of host plants recorded for Euselasiinae, a summary of parasitoid records for Euselasia, and summary tables of unique organs and setae of immature stages are provided. Euselasia chrysippe and E. bettina are currently considered potential biocontrol agents for Miconia calvescens DC in Hawaii.
A new cryptic species of Acanthosaura Gray, 1831 (Squamata: Agamidae) from Thailand and Cambodia
Authors: WOOD JR PERRY L. , GRISMER L. LEE , GRISMER JESSE L. , NEANG THY , CHAV THOU , HOLDEN JERMEY
Published: December 2018

A new species of Acanthosaura (Gray 1831), A. cardamomensis sp. nov. from eastern Thailand and western Cambodia is described based on having a combination of unique morphological characteristics. It most closely resembles A. crucigera but differs in having significantly longer postorbital spines, occipital spines, nuchal spines, and dorsal spines; more scales between the fifth canthals; longer maximum dorsal scale length; longer maximum nuchal scale length; a significantly smaller diastema between the nuchal and dorsal crest spines; and significantly more supralabials. Mitochondrial DNA was used to calculate percent sequence divergence between samples of A. crucigera from southern Myanmar and western Thailand and samples of A. cardamomensis sp. nov. from eastern Thailand and western Cambodia. The uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence between populations of A. cardamomensis ranged from 1.2– 3.1% and the range between populations of A. crucigera was 3.8%. The percent sequence divergence between A. cardamomensis sp. nov. and A. crucigera ranged between 10.0–14.6%.
A new Bothriurus (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae) from the Somuncura Plateau, with additions to the knowledge to the endemic scorpion fauna of the area
Authors: OJANGUREN-AFFILASTRO ANDRÉS ALEJANDRO , Garcia-Mauro IGNACIO
Published: December 2018

Bothriurus nendai n. sp. is described. This species is endemic to the upper level of the Somuncura plateau, a Patagonian island placed in the Monte Phytogeographic province. This is the third known endemic scorpion from this area. Bothriurus nendai n. sp. is closely related to the patagonicus group; however, several morphological characters separate B. nendai from the species of this group. New data on the scorpion species of the plateau are also provided.
Anatoma rolani n. sp. and new records of rare Caribbean Anatoma species (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Anatomidae)
Authors: GEIGER DANIEL L. , FERNÁNDEZ-GARCÉS RAÚL
Published: December 2018

Anatomidae McLean, 1989, is a family of small (1–11 mm), slit-bearing Vetigastropoda (see Geiger et al. 2008) occurring from the shallow subtidal to the abyss in all the world’s oceans. They are distinguished from Scissurellidae by the peripheral location of the slit. Three genera have been described: Anatoma Woodward, 1859, Thieleella Bandel, 1998, and Sasakiconcha Geiger, 2006c. The former two have an open slit and are recognized based on protoconch sculpture (Anatoma: flocculent or smooth; Thieleella: reticulate). The monotypic Sasakiconcha has a closed slit forming a foramen.
Taxonomic review of cestodes of the genus Catenotaenia Janicki, 1904 in Eurasia and molecular phylogeny of the Catenotaeniidae (Cyclophyllidea)
Authors: HAUKISALMI VOITTO , HARDMAN LOTTA M. , HENTTONEN HEIKKI
Published: December 2018

This study reviews the taxonomy of cestodes of the genus Catenotaenia Janicki, 1904 (Cyclophyllidea: Catenotaeniidae) in Eurasia and presents the first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of Catenotaenia, Skrjabinotaenia Ahumyan, 1946 and Meggittina Lynsdale, 1953, all parasites of rodents. The phylogenetic data are based on sequences of 28S ribosomal RNA. The analysis does not support the proposed subfamilial classification of the Catenotaeniidae into Catenotaeniinae Spasskii, 1949 and Skrjabinotaeniinae Genov & Tenora, 1979. Instead, the main division appears to be between Eurasian species and a basal Nearctic species. The results support the monophyly of the Skrjabinotaeniinae but not that of the Catenotaeniinae or Catenotaenia as traditionally understood. It is suggested that the Old World catenotaeniid cestodes appeared in murid rodents and diverged subsequently as Skrjabinotaenia and Meggittina (Skrjabinotaeniinae) in Africa. According to the molecular phylogeny, Eurasian Catenotaenia codiverged with their hosts, with the exception of Catenotaenia dendritica that originated via a host shift from murid rodents to squirrels. The crown clade of Eurasian Catenotaenia consists only of species found in cricetid rodents and the three terminal species only in the Arvicolinae (voles). Phylogenetic structure within the Eurasian Catenotaenia clade suggests seven distinct lineages, three of which are described as new: C. apodemi n. sp. from Apodemus peninsulae (type host) from the Republic of Buryatia and from Apodemus uralensis from the Lower Tunguska River, North-Central Siberia (Russian Federation); C. cricetuli n. sp. from Cricetulus barabensis from the Republic of Buryatia and C. microti n. sp. from Microtus socialis from Kazakhstan. A new genus (Catenotaenioides n. g.) is proposed for C. kirgizica Tokobaev, 1959, a basal species within the Old World clade. Of the various morphological features, proglottid form (short acraspedote proglottids widest at middle vs. elongated craspedote proglottids widest posteriorly) is consistent with the phylogenetic pattern exhibited by catenotaeniid cestodes.
Systematic revision of Central American Calligrapha Chevrolat of the subgenus Erythrographa subgen. nov. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)
Authors: GÓMEZ-ZURITA JESÚS
Published: December 2018

In this work, I revise a group of thirteen species in a natural assemblage of Calligrapha Chevrolat previously shown to represent a distinct and highly divergent lineage relative to other Calligrapha. The group is given subgeneric status, under the name Erythrographa subgen. nov., based on the morphological features of its representatives, which include reddish testaceous color to dark parts of body, including elytral markings, the presence of two spots enclosed by the humeral lunule, and a bifid end of the flagellum in male genitalia, among other typical features. One of the species of the new subgenus is also new and formally described as Calligrapha synthesys sp. nov. All the species of the subgenus Erythrographa subgen. nov. are found in Mexico (with the exception of C. wickhami, only known from southern Texas), with five species with larger distributions, reaching Nicaragua (C. notatipennis Stål), Costa Rica (C. labyrinthica Stål) or Panama (C. suboculata Stål, C. synthesys sp. nov. and C. tortilis Stål). The subgenus can be considered Neotropical, endemic of Central America and particularly diverse in the Mexican Transition Zone, between the Nearctic and Neotropical realms.
To which species should the name heynei Rühl, [1893] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) be referred?
Authors: RUSSELL PETER J. C. , LUKHTANOV VLADIMIR A.
Published: December 2018

Historical records of Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. arduinna (Esper, [1783]) from the mountains of Central Asia, including named subspecies and forms, are reviewed with particular reference to the name heynei Rühl, [1893], which has been associated with both of the aforementioned species. It is concluded that the name heynei should be associated with M. arduinna and not M. cinxia. For the sake of nomenclatural stability, a specimen of M. arduinna from the southern slope of Alai Mountains (Kyrgyzstan, Daroot-Korgon) is designated as the neotype of Melitaea cinxia var. heynei Rühl, [1893]. The morphological features of M. cinxia and M. arduinna, including the subspecies of the latter, are compared and figured. The historic and recent misidentifications of M. cinxia as M. arduinna and vice versa are exemplified.
A new species of Schindler's fish (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Schindleria) from the Malay Archipelago (Southeast Asia), with notes on the caudal fin complex of Schindleria
Authors: AHNELT HARALD , SAUBERER MICHAEL
Published: December 2018

Schindleria macrodentata sp. nov., a new species of the paedomorphic gobiid fish genus Schindleria, is described from the Malay Archipelago. The two specimens were collected in 1929 during the “Dana Expedition” in the Molucca Sea between Sulawesi and Halmahera islands (00°29′N, 125°54′E) (Indonesia) and in the Sulu Sea close to Panay Island (11°43’N, 121°43′E) (Philippines). The new species is characterized by a slender body (body depth at pectoral fin base 3.6–3.7 % of SL and at anal fin origin 3.9–4.8 % of SL), a long second dorsal fin (first dorsal fin absent) originating distinctly anterior to the origin of the anal fin (predorsal length 61.8–65.2 % of SL and preanal length 71.7–75.8 % of SL), a short tail (from anus to tip of longest caudal fin ray) (22.1 % of SL), 19–20 dorsal fin rays and 10 anal fin rays, first anal fin ray below 9th dorsal fin ray, few large, widely spaced teeth in the upper and the lower jaws (7 on the premaxilla and 6 on the dentary), an elongated pectoral radial plate (length 3.7–4.5 % of SL) and, in the caudal skeleton, a procurrent ray with an additional spiny process at its base. No distinct urogenital papilla and no pigmentation on body are developed. In this study we present three morphological traits until now not considered as diagnostic characters for Schindleria, the shape of the pectoral radial plate, the shape of the last procurrent caudal spine and the shape of the arch formed by the lower jaw. We also discuss the caudal-fin skeleton of Schindleria, a character developing beyond the larval stages. The record of S. macrodentata is the first of the genus Schindleria for Indonesia and, at more than 100 km distant to the next shore, it is the first offshore record of a Schindler's fish.
Lectotype designation and distribution updates on the freshwater shrimp species Atyaephyra stankoi Karaman 1972
Authors: CHRISTODOULOU MAGDALINI , KIHARA TERUE CRISTINA
Published: December 2018

Atyaephyra stankoi’s Karaman 1972 syntypic material has been assumed to be lost. However, M. Karaman’s type material has been found within the zoological collections of the University of Novi Sad, Serbia and thus a lectotype is herein designated, while placing aside the designated neotype. An updated distribution of A. stankoi in Greece and F.Y.R.O.M. is provided based on field collections and literature data, while support is provided by COI data. Furthermore, new records in Peloponnesus and Attica expand the known distribution of species in Greece. Finally some preliminary insights are given on the species zoogeography, while there seems to be a correspondence between genetic haplotype groups and geographical location.
6. Order out of Chaos: Anthropology and Politics of Sergei M. Shirokogoroff
Authors: Arzyutov Dmitry V.
Published: December 2018

This chapter analyses the political pamphlets of Sergei Shirokogoroff, published and distributed during the turbulent time of the Russian Civil War when Shirokogoroff was an officer of the White-led Far Eastern Republic. The portrait of the ethnographer which emerges from these recently discovered writings sits at odds with all other biographies of his life. His political writings were in a sense concealed by the scholar himself since many did not appear in bibliographies of his academic production. The texts points to an unresolved paradox in his writing and thinking wherein he vacillated between libertarian and authoritarian accounts of social life. Set with the war-ridden epoch in which he lived; the political pamphlets help situate an ethnography of identity at the start of the 20th Century. The paper is illustrated with two diagrams, a sketch and five photographs.
8. "The Sea is Our Field": Pomor Identity in Russian Ethnography
Authors: Shaw Masha , Wahnsiedler Natalie
Published: December 2018

Based on fieldwork in Arkhangel’sk oblast’, this paper surveys the identity of a group of Northern Slavs often distinguished in the Russian language literature as pomory. The paper defines the history of Pomor identity from the 18th century to the present, and its persistent interrogation of ethnographic concepts. The authors show how accounts of Northern Russian life-ways were circulated in the Russian Empire before ethnography was defined by official institutions. Sitting in geographic contraposition to Southern Russian identity movements, in what is now Ukraine, the example of Pomor identity illustrates the power of etnos-thinking today and the hold that it has had on the imagination of intellectuals in the Northern region. The paper is illustrated with five photographs.
Dynamically Downscaled Climate Simulations of the Indian Monsoon in the Instrumental Era: Physics Parameterization Impacts and Precipitation Extremes
Authors: Huo Yiling , Peltier W. Richard
Published: December 2018

The complex orography of South Asia, including both the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau, renders the regional climate complex. How this climate, especially the monsoon circulations, will respond to the global warming process is important given the large population of the region. In a first step toward a contribution to the understanding of the expected impacts, a series of dynamically downscaled instrumental-era climate simulations for the Indian subcontinent are described and will serve as a basis for comparison against global warming simulations. Global simulations based upon the Community Earth System Model (CESM) are employed to drive a dynamical downscaling pipeline in which the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is employed as regional climate model, in a nested configuration with two domains at 30- and 10-km resolution, respectively. The entire ensemble was integrated for 15 years (1980–94), with the global model representing a complete integration from the onset of Northern Hemisphere industrialization. Compared to CESM, WRF significantly improves the representation of orographic precipitation. Precipitation extremes are also characterized using extreme value analysis. To investigate the sensitivity of the South Asian summer monsoon simulation to different parameterization schemes, a small physics ensemble is employed. The Noah multiphysics (Noah-MP) land surface scheme reduces the summer warm bias compared to the Noah land surface scheme. Compared with the Kain–Fritsch cumulus scheme, the Grell-3 scheme produces an increased moisture bias at the first western rain barrier, whereas the Tiedtke scheme produces less precipitation over the subcontinent than observed. Otherwise the improvement of fit to the observations derived from applying the downscaling methodology is highly significant.
Association between nonmedical use of opioids or sedatives and suicidal behavior among Chinese adolescents: An analysis of sex differences
Authors: Guo Lan , Luo Min , Wang Wanxin , Xiao Di , Xi Chuhao , Wang Tian , Zhao Meijun , Zhang Wei-Hong , Lu Ciyong
Published: December 2018

Objective:

The rising rate of suicidal behavior among adolescents is a growing concern, and sex differences may induce differential exposure to prescription drug misuse or suicidal behavior. We estimated, among Chinese adolescents, (1) the prevalence of nonmedical use of prescription drugs, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts; (2) whether nonmedical use of prescription drugs was independently associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts; and (3) whether there were sex differences in the associations.

Methods:

This was a secondary analysis of the data drawn from the 2015 National School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. A total of 94,911 students completed questionnaires and qualified for our survey (response rate: 93.7%). All analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls.

Results:

There were significant sex differences in the prevalence of opioid or sedative misuse, and the sources and reasons for nonmedical use of prescription drugs ( p < 0.05). The prevalence of suicidal ideation or suicide attempts was significantly higher in girls than in boys (suicidal ideation: 17.9% among girls vs 14.1% among boys; suicide attempts: 3.5% among girls vs 2.7% among boys). Among girls, frequent use of opioids was associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio = 1.84, 95% confidence interval = [1.57, 2.17]) and suicide attempts (adjusted odds ratio = 2.96, 95% confidence interval = [2.34, 3.74]), and frequent use of sedatives was also positively associated with suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio = 2.23, 95% confidence interval = [1.91, 2.60]) and suicide attempts (adjusted odds ratio = 4.02, 95% confidence interval = [3.25, 4.99]). These associations were also statistically significant in boys, but the magnitudes of adjusted odds ratios for the associations between frequent use of opioids and sedatives and suicidal behavior were greater in girls than boys.

Conclusion:

There exist significant sex differences in the prevalence rates of nonmedical use of prescription drugs and suicidal behavior, and the child’s sex plays a role in the association between nonmedical use of prescription drugs and suicidal behavior. The significant sex differences found above may provide a basis for early identification of adolescents at high risk of suicidal behavior.
Unbundling negative and positive externalities of nature in cities: The influence of wild animals on housing prices
Authors: Broitman Dani , Griskin Vladimir , Czamanski Daniel
Published: December 2018

Proximity to nature is highly valued by urbanites, who demonstrate higher willingness to pay for housing at locations near open and green spaces. However, nature in cities can generate negative externalities as well. In this article, we illustrate the complex relationship between cities and nature and suggest that their balance is time and location specific. The article presents estimates of positive and negative externalities based on data about encounters of humans with wild animals in the city of Haifa, Israel, and residential property values nearby. The data were analysed to uncover spatial regularities and basic statistical relationships. The results reveal the presence of dominant positive externalities when the human–wild animals interaction is low, driven by proximity to open and green areas. However, in certain areas and under certain circumstances, the nuisance generated by higher probabilities of encounters with wild animals near dwelling areas is correlated with lower property prices, overcoming the positive externalities of location near natural areas.
Central Banking in Rawls’s Property-Owning Democracy
Authors: van ’t Klooster Jens
Published: December 2018

The dramatic events of the crisis have reignited debates on the independence of central banks and the scope of their mandates. In this article, I contribute to the normative understanding of these developments by discussing John Rawls’s position in debates of the 1950s and 1960s on the independence of the US Federal Reserve. Rawls’s account of the central bank in his property-owning democracy, Democratic Central Banking (DCB), assigns authority over monetary policy directly to the government and prioritizes low unemployment over price stability. I contrast DCB with Central Bank Independence (CBI), which requires that the central bank is independent of the government and pursues low inflation. I evaluate DCB by asking whether justice as fairness requires democratic control of the central bank and argue that it does not. Instead, so I argue, the choice between DCB and CBI should be justified in terms of the difference principle. By reflecting on central banking in a property-owning democracy, I cast new light on the Rawlsian realistic utopia of a just capitalist society, while also investigating democratic objections to today’s independent central banks.
Reporting Valid and Reliable Overall Scores and Domain Scores Using Bi-Factor Model
Authors: Liu Yue , Li Zhen , Liu Hongyun
Published: December 2018

Recently, large-scale testing programs have an increasing interest in providing examinees with more accurate diagnostic information by reporting overall and domain scores simultaneously. However, there are few studies focusing on how to report and interpret reliable total scores and domain scores based on bi-factor models. In this study, the authors introduced six methods of reporting overall and domain scores as weighted composite scores of the general and specific factors in a bi-factor model, and compared their performance with Yao’s MIRT (multidimensional item response theory) method using both simulated and empirical data. In the simulation study, four factors were considered: test length, number of dimensions, correlation between dimensions, and sample size. Major findings are that Bifactor-M4 and Bifactor-M6, the methods utilizing discrimination parameters of the specific dimensions to compute the weights, provided the most accurate and reliable overall and domain scores in most conditions, especially when the test was long, the correlation between dimensions was high and the number of dimensions was large; additionally, Bifactor-M4 recovered the relationship of true ability parameters the best of all the proposed methods; On the contrary, Bifactor-M2, the method with equal weights, performed poor on the overall score estimation; Bifactor-M3 and Bifactor-M5, the methods where weights were computed using the discrimination parameters of all the dimensions, performed poor on the domain score estimation; Bifactor-M1, the original factor method, obtained the worst estimations.
Taking Free Flap Surgery Abroad: A Collaborative Approach to a Complex Surgical Problem
Authors: Swendseid Brian , Tassone Patrick , Gilles Patrick Jean , Pavrette Magda , Stewart Matthew , Babatope Mercy , Weed Donald , Cognetti David , Luginbuhl Adam , Curry Joseph
Published: December 2018

Accessibility to health care, especially complex surgical care, represents one of the major health care disparities in developing countries. While surgical teams may be willing to travel to these areas to help address these needs, there are many logistical and ethical dilemmas inherent in this pursuit. We reviewed our approach to the establishment of the team‐based surgical outreach program, wherein we perform head and neck free tissue transfer surgery in Haiti. We describe the challenges encountered in the delivery of surgical care as well as ethical dilemmas relevant to surgical outreach trips, highlighting an approach reliant on strong local cooperation. Despite the obstacles in place, our experience shows that free flap surgery can be successfully and ethically performed in these areas of great need.
The supervising social worker in an inner city: how practitioners perceive and experience their role
Authors: Jaggar Charlotte
Published: December 2018

One major responsibility of social workers is to supervise and support foster carers. This exploratory study examines how practitioners perform this role. The social workers’ experiences, attitudes and beliefs were explored in a focus group comprising five participants working in one local authority children’s service in a city in the East Midlands region of the UK. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data and participants were invited to contribute to the analysis. The research design is collaborative and second order, with the researcher positioning herself as part of the research ‘system’, and the underlying epistemology is social constructionist. Three overarching themes emerged: difficulties and rewards in relating to foster carers, working with risk and uncertainty and working within a system, with professionalism and humanity identified as significant motivations for guiding practice. The themes are presented and their connection to the research literature and systemic theory is discussed. Narratives and hypotheses are also offered. The results suggest that practitioners experience discomfort when there is disjunction between their own values and objectives and those of the agency they work in and, conversely, that they enjoy satisfaction when these values and objectives cohere. Implications for practice are discussed with a suggestion that strengths-based and systemic practice models are the most likely to produce consensus and challenge the current shift towards a process driven welfare service. The study is idiographic in being specific to participants and context and provides a snapshot of the ‘lived experience’ of supervising social workers (SSWs) through a systemic lens. Despite its limited scope and the dearth of research in this area, the study provides a starting point for further investigation.
Families and friends group: a group that straddles teaching, support and transformation
Authors: Radcliffe Michelle , Cilasun Jale
Published: December 2018

This article describes the structure, process and evaluation of a families and friends group in a personality disorder treatment service for people experiencing Borderline Personality Disorder using a Mentalization Based Therapy model. We highlight the benefits of working with family members and consider the differences between psycho-education, support groups and group-analytical approaches. Inclusion of families in recovery is well argued. Providing support and education for family members can improve communication and reduce burden in families. In the treatment of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder, the focus often remains upon meeting patients’ needs and not of those who support them. We used a formal evaluation of the effectiveness of the families and friends group in the areas of learning and support. Qualitative questions were used to gain more in depth information regarding the impact of the group.

Our results support the approach of working with the family rather than only focusing on the individual. There was an improvement in the communication leading to positive change in relationships between family members and their loved ones. This takes place despite the group being a once a month and drop-in. However, as this was evaluation of one service, more research in this area is needed.
Moisture absorption and hydrothermal aging of phenylethynyl-terminated pyromellitic dianhydride-type asymmetric polyimide and composites
Authors: Zhang Yixiang , Miyauchi Masahiko , Nutt Steven
Published: December 2018

The effects of moisture on a polymerized monomeric reactant (PMR)-type polyimide (TriA X) and associated composites were investigated. Water uptake tests were performed on the polyimide at various temperatures and relative humidity levels to investigate moisture absorption behavior. Two-stage moisture absorption was observed, in which the first stage was diffusion controlled, whereas the second stage was moisture plasticization controlled. As exposure temperature increased, the equilibrium moisture content of the polyimide decreased, indicating an exothermic absorption process. The Arrhenius temperature dependence and moisture saturation as functions of temperature and humidity in the neat polymer were determined using curve fitting based on the published mathematical models. Long-term hydrothermal aging at 95°C was conducted on the neat polyimide and associated carbon fiber composites. Reversible hydrolytic reactions and a trace of irreversible hydrolysis were observed in the long-term exposure. The tensile ductility of the neat polyimide and the short-beam shear strength of the composites decreased with increasing aging time, while the tensile strength and modulus and thermal properties of the polyimide exhibited little change after 2000-h aging, demonstrating hydrothermal stability. The decrease in the ductility of the neat polymer after long-term moisture exposure was attributed to the network structure change, driven by hydrolysis and moisture plasticization.
Investigation on the impact of nongeometric uncertainty in dynamic performance of serial and parallel robot manipulators
Authors: Tsai Ying-Kuan , Chan Kuei-Yuan
Published: December 2018

Uncertainty in robot manipulations is a fundamental source of inaccuracy. Most nongeometric uncertainties is caused by the mechanical components of robot manipulators such as gear transmission systems and joints. This study integrates existing uncertainty models for practical applications of both three-degrees-of-freedom serial robot and parallel robot (closed-loop 5R mechanism). We first review the literature on uncertainty and existing methods for improving the precision of robot manipulation. For existing methods for uncertainty modeling: (1) the mathematical model of a harmonic drive considering kinematic error and compliance is derived; (2) joint clearance analysis that includes models of contact force and friction force is presented; (3) Archard’s wear model is used to estimate the effect of joint wear, based on which the geometry of joints is updated. Computer simulation is then used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method for serial and parallel robot manipulators. Simulations are used to examine the behavior of robot manipulators operating under uncertainty, with performance-evaluated positional error and trajectory error. The proposed method can provide some insight into nongeometric uncertainty in robot manipulations. The proposed methodology can be further used to improve the accuracy of robot manipulation under uncertainty by identifying uncertainty parameters.
‘It was him’: Representational strategies, identity, and legitimization in the Boston Marathon bombing trial narratives
Authors: Chaemsaithong Krisda , Kim Yoonjeong
Published: December 2018

Adopting a systemic functional linguistic view of language as a system of options from which language users choose to construct meaning, this study seeks to critically explicate the constitutive roles of reference terms and event description in accomplishing character positioning in the opening event of a recent high-profile capital trial, the Boston Marathon bombing trial of 2015. Incorporating Halliday’s concept of transitivity and Van Leeuwen’s inventory of social actors, the quantitative and qualitative analysis reveals that the prosecution and defence differ starkly in representational practice and that both reference terms and event description are prime stylistic devices that synergistically serve not only to construct and ascribe polarized identities to characters in their narratives but also to (de-)humanize the defendant before the verdict is reached, thereby (de-)legitimizing blame and responsibility and potentially influencing the jury’s decisions.
Seeking Champions for Change: A Positive Deviance Approach for Social Work
Authors: Wolfer Terry A. , Wilson Betty L.
Published: December 2018

Given growing interest in and need for social innovation, social workers will benefit from knowing about positive deviance (PD), an approach that capitalizes on local creativity and strengths. The PD approach seeks community (or organizational) members who have developed solutions for problems with which other members struggle, despite their having similar resources and constraints. Rather than rely on professional expertise and skills to solve intractable problems in communities, the PD approach evokes a “new way of thinking” that promotes indigenous leadership and community responsibility for problems and solutions. This article outlines key components of the PD approach, describes steps for implementing PD, and discusses implications for social work.
Extensive perivascular dissemination of cerebral miliary tuberculomas: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Machida Munetaka , Toyoda Keiko , Matsuda Megumi , Sumida Kaoru , Yamamoto Asako , Sakurai Keita , Oba Hiroshi
Published: December 2018

Cerebral tuberculosis (TB) presents most frequently as meningitis in the basilar cistern; however, it can also manifest in various other ways, such as localized encephalitis, abscess, and tuberculoma. Here, focusing on imaging findings, we report an immunocompetent case who demonstrated multiple parenchymal lesions and was diagnosed with cerebral TB after testing positive on QuantiFERON (QTF); her clinical signs/symptoms and laboratory findings responded well to anti-TB medication therapy. The patient was a 60-year-old woman with the chief complaints of headache and consciousness disturbance. On admission, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed increased monocyte predominance. T2-weighted images showed multiple, widely distributed hyperintense lesions in the periventricular and deep white matter. Gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional gradient echo T1-weighed images revealed numerous granules or faint, small, enhanced foci in lesions in the periventricular and deep white matter, central gray matter, and hippocampus. Some abnormal sulcal enhancement was detected in the pia mater, indicating meningitis. Clinically, the diagnosis was difficult to make, but as the QTF result was positive, anti-TB drugs were administered, after which both the symptoms and CSF cell count showed improvement.
The socioenvironmental state: Political authority, subjects, and transformative socionatural change in an uncertain world
Authors: Nightingale Andrea J
Published: December 2018

The ‘socioenvironmental state’ conceptualisation probes how contested, shifting, emergent boundaries of the state contain the possibilities for transformative change in the Anthropocene. The paper outlines a research programme capable of addressing the questions: who becomes authorised to govern change, who is required to make changes on the ground, and what subjectivities and pathways emerge in the context of rapid rate change? The conceptualisation unpacks three boundaries: state–society, its socionatural emergence, and the relationships between boundary-making and belonging to address these questions and better account for the successes and failures of attempts at governing an uncertain, rapidly changing world. In this analysis, ‘environmental change’ arises as a stochastic, relational becoming – ecologies and resources are emergent with the social-politics of governing them – suggesting that more analytical attention is required on how ‘environmental challenges’ and their ‘drivers of change’ are conceived and delimited. Together, these theoretical insights help reveal the way that the micro-politics of local resource use and the contradictory acceptance and refusals of authority and subjection are not only products of, but also productive of, larger scale political economies, socionatures, governance, and political struggles. The aim is to contribute towards a re-imagination of political authority that begins to capture the complex interplay between our attempts at governing a changing world and the inadvertent authorisations, inclusions, and exclusions that we produce in those efforts. The paper partially illustrates the conceptual ideas with an account of forestry and climate change in Nepal. In a context wherein programmes to govern resources have become of global concern, probing the implications of these points is crucial. It is not only that states govern resources with particular consequences for ‘environmental change’ or ‘sustainability’, but also that the act of governing resources (re)produces the socioenvironmental boundaries of the state with profound implications for how future transformations can unfold.
The HLA ligandome landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia delineates novel T-cell epitopes for immunotherapy
Authors: Bilich Tatjana , Nelde Annika , Bichmann Leon , Roerden Malte , Salih Helmut R. , Kowalewski Daniel J. , Schuster Heiko , Tsou Chih-Chiang , Marcu Ana , Neidert Marian C. , Lübke Maren , Rieth Jonas , Schemionek Mirle , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Vucinic Vladan , Niederwieser Dietger , Bauer Jens , Märklin Melanie , Peper Janet K. , Klein Reinhild , Kohlbacher Oliver , Kanz Lothar , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Stevanović Stefan , Walz Juliane S.
Published: December 2018

Antileukemia immunity plays an important role in disease control and maintenance of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Thus, antigen-specific immunotherapy holds promise for strengthening immune control in CML but requires the identification of CML-associated targets. In this study, we used a mass spectrometry–based approach to identify naturally presented HLA class I– and class II–restricted peptides in primary CML samples. Comparative HLA ligandome profiling using a comprehensive dataset of different hematological benign specimens and samples from CML patients in deep molecular remission delineated a panel of novel frequently presented CML-exclusive peptides. These nonmutated target antigens are of particular relevance because our extensive data-mining approach suggests the absence of naturally presented BCR-ABL– and ABL-BCR–derived HLA-restricted peptides and the lack of frequent tumor-exclusive presentation of known cancer/testis and leukemia-associated antigens. Functional characterization revealed spontaneous T-cell responses against the newly identified CML-associated peptides in CML patient samples and their ability to induce multifunctional and cytotoxic antigen-specific T cells de novo in samples from healthy volunteers and CML patients. Thus, these antigens are prime candidates for T-cell–based immunotherapeutic approaches that may prolong TKI-free survival and even mediate cure of CML patients.
Quality Improvement Training in a Variety of Cancer Care Delivery Settings: Experiences From a Comprehensive Cancer Center, an Academic Medical Center, and Community Practices
Authors: Zerillo Jessica A. , Carballo Victoria , Tremonti Carole K. , Kalibatas Orinta , Cummings Brian M. , Jacobson Joseph O.
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

Training clinical and supportive staff in quality improvement (QI) theory and use of QI tools has the potential to improve oncology care delivery. We report our combined experience of providing training to oncologists in a variety of local settings and assess the effect of the training on individual participants and for institutions.

Methods:

Multidisciplinary oncology teams at a comprehensive cancer center, an academic medical center, and community practices were led through experiential QI training that spanned several months. The curriculum included didactic training sessions that attendees applied to their local project-based work and that required plan-do-study-act cycles. The curriculum was adapted to the smaller practice setting through use of a workbook and a reduced focus on quantitative methods. All teams were supported by coaches and provided final presentations to leadership. The self-rated abilities of trainees to use 15 QI tools were assessed with a pre/post training survey that had five response categories (information, skill, knowledge, understanding, and wisdom). Local institutional and external project presentations were tracked.

Results:

During 7 years, 129 trainees participated in 56 QI projects. All of the 15 QI tools had 80% of trainees rate themselves in the top three categories (knowledge, understanding, and wisdom) after the training; none met this threshold before. Multiple projects were presented in institutional and external settings. Most projects targeted three of the four domains of the ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative certification program standards.

Conclusions:

We implemented and sustained QI training programs in a variety of cancer delivery settings. The flexible training model should be easily adoptable by others.
Oocyte-Secreted Factors Synergize With FSH to Promote Aromatase Expression in Primary Human Cumulus Cells
Authors: Hobeika Elie , Armouti Marah , Kala Hamsini , Fierro Michele A , Winston Nicola J , Scoccia Bert , Zamah Alberuni M , Stocco Carlos
Published: December 2018

Context

The role of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) on aromatase regulation is poorly understood in humans.

Objective

Determine GDF9 and BMP15 effects on FSH stimulation of estradiol production in primary human cumulus granulosa cells (GCs). We hypothesized that the combination of GDF9 and BMP15 potentiates FSH-induced aromatase expression.

Design

Primary human cumulus GCs in culture.

Setting

University infertility center.

Patients or Other Participants

GCs of 60 women undergoing in vitro fertilization were collected.

Interventions

Cells were treated with GDF9 and/or BMP15 (GB) in the presence or absence of FSH, dibutyryl cAMP, or SMAD inhibitors.

Main Outcome Measures

Promoter activity, mRNA, protein, and estradiol levels were quantified.

Results

FSH and GB treatment increased CYP19A1 promoter activity, mRNA, and protein levels as well as estradiol when compared with cells treated with FSH only. GB treatment potentiated cAMP stimulation of aromatase and IGF2 stimulation by FSH. GB effects were inhibited by SMAD3 inhibitors and IGF1 receptor inhibitors. GB, but not FSH, stimulates SMAD3 phosphorylation.

Conclusion

The combination of GDF9 and BMP15 potently stimulates the effect of FSH and cAMP on CYP19a1 promoter activity and mRNA/protein levels. These effects translate into an increase in estradiol production. This potentiation seems to occur through activation of the SMAD2/3 and SMAD3 signaling pathway and involves, at least in part, the effect of the IGF system.
Recent advances in understanding congenital myopathies
Authors: Ravenscroft Gianina , Bryson-Richardson Robert J. , Nowak Kristen J. , Laing Nigel G.
Published: December 2018

By definition, congenital myopathy typically presents with skeletal muscle weakness and hypotonia at birth. Traditionally, congenital myopathy subtypes have been predominantly distinguished on the basis of the pathological hallmarks present on skeletal muscle biopsies. Many genes cause congenital myopathies when mutated, and a burst of new causative genes have been identified because of advances in gene sequencing technology. Recent discoveries include extending the disease phenotypes associated with previously identified genes and determining that genes formerly known to cause only dominant disease can also cause recessive disease. The more recently identified congenital myopathy genes account for only a small proportion of patients. Thus, the congenital myopathy genes remaining to be discovered are predicted to be extremely rare causes of disease, which greatly hampers their identification. Significant progress in the provision of molecular diagnoses brings important information and value to patients and their families, such as possible disease prognosis, better disease management, and informed reproductive choice, including carrier screening of parents. Additionally, from accurate genetic knowledge, rational treatment options can be hypothesised and subsequently evaluated in vitro and in animal models. A wide range of potential congenital myopathy therapies have been investigated on the basis of improved understanding of disease pathomechanisms, and some therapies are in clinical trials. Although large hurdles remain, promise exists for translating treatment benefits from preclinical models to patients with congenital myopathy, including harnessing proven successes for other genetic diseases.