bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theory of Heap Particle Motion in Vibration Cleaning of Potatoes
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Stankevych Maksym , Findura Pavol , Golovach Іvan , Ruzhilo Zinoviy , Kornyushin Viktor , Andrievska Maria
Published: November 2023

Theoretical research was conducted using the basic principles of higher mathematics and theoretical mechanics. Numerical calculations and graphical dependences are obtained using a PC based on developed and standard programs. The movement of the potato heap on the wing surface of the V-shaped heap distributor in the process of its distribution over the entire width of the separating conveyor was studied. An equivalent scheme of interaction of potato heap particle with the surface of the distributor wing is constructed, on the basis of which differential equations of its motion on the specified surface are made, taking into account the main constructive and kinematic parameters of the separating conveyor and V-shaped distributor. Based on the integration of the specified system of differential equations in quadratures, analytical expressions describing the laws of change of speed and movement of a particle of a potato heap in time at various values of constructive and kinematic parameters of the distributor and separating conveyor are received. Based on the obtained analytical expressions, calculations were performed and graphical dependences of heap velocity along the distributor wing on time at different values of the angle of distributor wings taking into account the oscillations of the separating conveyor blade were obtained. The allowable speed of movement of the heap along the wing of the distributor is determined from the condition of maintaining the equality of supply of the heap to the distributor and its ascent from the distributor. The specified speed is 1.62 m∙s−1. The analysis of graphical dependences shows that the speed of the heap along the wing of the distributor decreases with increasing angle of the wing. If the speed is reduced to less than the allowable value, the heap will be unloaded on the wings of the distributor, which will lead to a disturbance of the technological process of the potato harvester. With the allowable time of movement of the heap along the distributor wing, the maximum allowable values of the deflection of the distributor wing are within 40–45°.
Features of Wear of Gears of Agricultural Machinery
Authors: Veselovsky Aleksandr , Troyanovskaya Irina , Syromyatnikov Yurii , Voinash Sergey , Malikov Vladimir , Zagidullin Ramil , Sabitov Linar
Published: November 2023

The paper presents data on the resource and wear of the gears of agricultural tractor transmissions, on the basis of which the research problem and the novelty of the proposed methodology are formulated, based on the development and application of the stress state model of the gear, taking into account surface hardening. The methodology and calculation scheme for determining the power parameters of gearing are described in detail. In this case, the dependences and results of previous studies in the field of increasing the durability and reducing the wear of gears of transmission elements of vehicles of various functional purposes were used. To achieve this goal, the mathematical models of the stress state of gears are constructed without the presence of an external diffusion hardening coating and with a coating. Based on the simulation of the process of interaction of rubbing pairs of gears, the distribution of stresses in the contact zone over the surface layer of non-hardened and cemented to a depth of 1 mm gears, as well as the dependence of deflection on the thickness of the cemented layer and the deformation of the cemented layer during operation was established. Considering the research results given in literature, as well as those obtained on the basis of our own research, it should be noted that the analysis of gear stress state is an important direction in the study of the durability of gear units, the entire gearbox, and other gears of tractor transmissions and automotive technology at the present time. At the same time, the actual task is to establish the ratios of the allowable wear of gears and the limiting value of displacement of the centre distance, taking into account changes in the stress state scheme when using various types of coatings.
Existence, uniqueness, boundedness and stability of periodic solutions of a certain second-order nonlinear differential equation with damping and resonance effects
Authors: Eze Everestus Obinwanne , Obasi Uchenna Emmanuel , Ezugorie Godwin , Hannah Enyiduru Ekwomchi
Published: November 2023

In this paper, some qualitative behaviors of solutions for certain second-order nonlinear differential equation with damping and resonance effects are considered. By employing Lyapunov’s direct method, a complete Lyapunov function was used to investigate the stability of the system. Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem was used to establish sufficient conditions that guaranteed the existence and boundedness of a unique solution. The results show that the equilibrium point was asymptotically stable. Furthermore, a test for periodicity was conducted using the Bendixson criterion, and the results showed that the solution of the second-order nonlinear differential equation is aperiodic, which extends some results from the literature.
Seasonal Variations of Morphometric and Hematological Parameters in Dalmatian Barbelgudgeon Aulopyge huegelii Heckel 1843 from Šatorsko Lake
Authors: Avdić Subha , Bakrač Azra , Adrović Avdul , Hajdarević Edina , Dekić Radoslav , Delić Maida
Published: November 2023

As an endemic species, Dalmatian barbelgudgeon was introduced into Šatorsko Lake, but it was insufficiently explored at this locality. The aim of this study was to determine seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters of the water in relation to morphometric and hematological parameters of Dalmatian barbelgudgeon from Šatorsko Lake. Physicochemical analysis of the water recorded lower values of temperature, O2 concentration, O2 saturation, electrolytic conductivity and suspended matter in autumn, while other analyzed parameters indicated lower values in spring. The analysis of morphometric parameters (weight, standard length, total length and Fulton’s condition factor) determined higher values of all the parameters during spring, while a significant difference was noted only for Fulton’s condition factor. A statistically significant difference was observed for all erythrocyte lineage parameters (RBC-red blood cells, HB-hemoglobin concentration, HCT-hematocrit, MCV-mean corpuscular volume, MCH-mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC-mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations). In white blood cells, a statistically significant difference was recorded for lymphocytes, non-segmented neutrophils and monocytes, while the proportion of segmented neutrophils and basophils was slightly increased in spring. Furthermore, the recorded values of pseudo-eosinophils were equal in spring and autumn. The results of these studies indicate a significant influence of exogenous and endogenous factors on the variability of morphometric and hematological parameters of Dalmatian barbelgudgeon from Šatorsko Lake.
Total Psoas Area and Psoas Density Assessment in COVID-19 Patients Using CT Imaging – Could Muscle Mass Alteration During Intensive Care Hospitalization be Determined?
Authors: Branea Oana Elena , Vlad Anca Gabriela , Pui Mihai , Becica Diana Andreea , Becica Mihai Emanuel , Budeanu AnaMaria Romina , Budeanu Razvan Gabriel , Stoica Florin , Lazar Alexandra Elena
Published: November 2023

Background

Since its debut, as reported by the first published studies, COVID-19 has been linked to life-threatening conditions that needed vital assistance and admission to the intensive care unit. Skeletal muscle is a core element in an organism’s health due to its ability to keep energy balance and homeostasis. Many patients with prolonged hospitalization are characterized by a greater probability prone to critical illness myopathy or intensive care unit-acquired weakness.

Objective

The main aim of this study was to assess the skeletal muscle in a COVID-19 cohort of critically ill patients by measuring the psoas area and density.

Material and methods

This is a retrospective study that included critically ill adult patients, COVID-19 positive, mechanically ventilated, with an ICU stay of over 24 hours, and who had 2 CT scans eligible for psoas muscle evaluation. In these patients, correlations between different severity scores and psoas CT scans were sought, along with correlations with the outcome of the patients.

Results

Twenty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences were noticed regarding the psoas analysis by two blinded radiologists. Significant correlations were found between LOS in the hospital and in ICU with psoas area and Hounsfield Units for the first CT scan performed. With reference to AUC-ROC and outcome, it is underlined that AUC-ROC is close to 0.5 values, for both the psoas area and HU, indicating that the model had no class separation capacity.

Conclusion

The study suggested that over a short period, the psoas muscle area, and the psoas HU decline, for both the left and the right sight, in adult COVID-19 patients in ICU conditions, yet not statistically significant. Although more than two-thirds of the patients had a negative outcome, it was not possible to demonstrate an association between the SARS-COV2 infection and psoas muscle impairment. These findings highlight the need for further larger investigations.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children: A Single-Institution Experience and Determinants of Neurologic Outcome
Authors: Misirlioglu Merve , Ekinci Faruk , Yildizdas Dincer , Horoz Ozden Ozgur , Yilmaz Hayri Levent , Incecik Faruk , Ozsoy Mazhar , Yontem Ahmet , Bilen Sevcan , Silay Sena
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a significant cause of death and morbidity in childhood since the elucidation of infectious causes within the last century. Mortality rates in this population decreased over time due to developments in technology and effective treatment modalities.

Aim of the study

This retrospective cohort study aimed to describe the volume, severity and mechanism of all hospital-admitted pediatric TBI patients at a university hospital over a 5-year period.

Material and Methods

This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study including 90 pediatric patients with TBI admitted to a tertiary care PICU. The patients’ demographic data, injury mechanisms, disease and trauma severity scores, initiation of enteral nutrition and outcome measures such as hospital stay, PICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, mortality, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were also recorded. Late enteral nutrition was defined as initiation of enteral feeding after 48 hours of hospitalization.

Results

Of the 90 patients included in the cohort, 60% had mild TBI, 21.1% had moderate TBI and 18.9% had severe TBI. Their mean age was 69 months (3–210 months). TBI was isolated in 34 (37.8%) patients and observed as a part of multisystemic trauma in 56 (62.2%). The most commonly involved site in multisystemic injury was the thorax (33.3%). The length of hospitalization in the late enteral nutrition group was significantly higher than that in the early nutrition group, while the PICU stay was not significantly different between the two groups. The multiple logistic regression analysis found a significant relationship between GOS-3rd month and PIM3 score, the presence of diffuse axonal injury and the need for CPR in the first 24 h of hospitalization.

Conclusion

Although our study showed that delayed enteral nutrition did not affect neurologic outcome, it may lead to prolonged hospitalization and increased hospital costs. High PIM3 scores and diffuse axonal injury are both associated with worse neurologic outcomes.
Limitation of Non-Beneficial Interventions and their Impact on the Intensive Care Unit Costs
Authors: Koutsouki Sotiria , Kosmidis Dimitrios , Nagy Eva-Otilia , Tsaroucha Alexandra , Anastasopoulos Georgios , Pnevmatikos Ioannis , Papaioannou Vasileios
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Using a plan to limit non-beneficial life support interventions has significantly reduced harm and loss of dignity for patients at the end of life. The association of these limitations with patients’ clinical characteristics and health care costs in the intensive care unit (ICU) needs further scientific evidence.

Aim of the study

To explore decisions to limit non-beneficial life support interventions, their correlation with patients’ clinical data, and their effect on the cost of care in the ICU.

Material and Methods

We included all patients admitted to the general ICU of a hospital in Greece in a two-year (2019–2021) prospective study. Data collection included patient demographic and clinical variables, data related to decisions to limit (withholding, withdrawing) non-beneficial interventions (NBIs), and economic data. Comparisons were made between patients with and without limitation decisions.

Results

NBIs were limited in 164 of 454 patients (36.12%). Patients with limitation decisions were associated with older age (70y vs. 62y; p<0,001), greater disease severity score (APACHE IV, 71 vs. 50; p<0,001), longer length of stay (7d vs. 4.5d; p<0,001), and worse prognosis of death (APACHE IV PDR, 48.9 vs. 17.35; p<0,001). All cost categories and total cost per patient were also higher than the patient without limitation of NBIs (9247,79€ vs. 8029,46€, p<0,004). The mean daily cost has not differed between the groups (831,24€ vs. 832,59€; p<0,716). However, in the group of patients with limitations, all cost categories, including the average daily cost (767.31€ vs. 649.12€) after the limitation of NBIs, were reduced to a statistically significant degree (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Limiting NBIs in the ICU reduces healthcare costs and may lead to better management of ICU resource use.
Evaluation of precipitation measurements using a standard rain gauge in relation to data from a precision lysimeter
Authors: Tall Andrej , Kandra Branislav , Pavelková Dana , Reth Sascha , Gomboš Milan
Published: November 2023

The construction of modern lysimeters with a precise weighing system made it possible to achieve an unprecedented accuracy of precipitation measurement. This study compares two methods of measuring precipitation in the conditions of the humid continental climate of the Eastern Slovakian Lowland (Slovakia): measurement using a standard tipping-bucket rain gauge vs. precision weighable lysimeter. Data from the lysimeter were used as a reference measurement. The comparison period lasted four years (2019–2022). Only liquid rainfall was compared. The rain gauge was found to underestimate precipitation compared to the lysimeter. Cumulative precipitation for the entire monitored period captured by the rain gauge was 2.8% lower compared to lysimeter measurements. When comparing hourly and daily totals of precipitation and precipitation events, a very high degree of agreement was detected (r
2 > 0.99; RMSE from 0.22 to 0.51 mm h–1). A comparison based on precipitation intensity showed a decreasing trend in measurement accuracy with increasing precipitation intensity. This tendency has an exponential course. With increasing intensity of precipitation, increasing intensity of wind was also recorded. In order to correct measurement errors, simple correction method was proposed, which helped to partially eliminate the inaccuracies of the rain gauge measurement.
Sensitivity of runoff due to changes in the characteristics of the water balance in the Danube River region
Authors: Pekárová Pavla , Halmová Dana , Sabová Zuzana , Pekár Ján , Miklánek Pavol , Mitková Veronika Bačová , Prohaska Stevan , Kohnová Silvia , Garaj Marcel
Published: November 2023

Climate change is presently a widely discussed subject in relation to alterations in water storage capacity and the components of the hydrological balance within catchment areas. This research study was directed at two main objectives: 1. The indirect estimation of long-term mean annual runoff using an empirical model; 2. The determination of changes in the annual runoff regime of fifty Danube sub-basins. Monthly areal precipitation, discharges, and air temperature data from 1961 to 1990 were collected for selected headwater sub-basins of the Danube River. In the first part, Turc-type empirical equations for the estimation of the long-term average annual runoff R in the Danube basin were employed. The parameters of the empirical equations were determined through nonlinear regression. Given the underestimation of the actual (territorial, balance) evapotranspiration ET values determined from the balance equation, the precipitation totals were corrected by +10%. With a 10% increase in precipitation, the values of balance ET reached the values ET determined by the Budyko–Zubenok–Konstantinov method. In the second part, fifty equations for the estimation of changes in the average annual runoff, depending on increases in the air temperature and changes in the annual precipitation separately for each of the 50 sub-basins, were established. In conclusion, the results suggest that, on average, a 100 mm increase in the average annual rainfall in the Danube River headwater sub-basins, will cause a 50 mm increase in outflow, and a 1 °C increase in the average annual air temperature will lead to a 12 mm decrease in runoff.
Financial Efficiency and Investor Behavior on the European Real Estate Market in the Rising Inflation Environment
Authors: Rzeszut Sylwester J. , Kowalski Michał J. , Kazak Jan K.
Published: November 2023

The pandemic, followed by the Russian aggression against Ukraine, caused rapid changes in the economy. European countries experienced unprecedented price increases, which resulted in a significant increase in the cost of capital. This resulted primarily in limited access to capital and a significant reduction in investments in the real estate market. In addition, investors began to withdraw capital from investments in the real estate market to other assets, encouraged by their rising rates of return. The article presents how the indicated circumstances translated into the financial efficiency of companies from the Real Estate sector. Listed companies of the European Economic Area in the years 2019-2022 were analyzed. Changes in the main accounting measures and market measures for individual countries as well as the characteristics of real estate market participants were analyzed.
Experimental Work on the Production of Ceramics of the Chirik-Rabat Culture
Authors:   The Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan. Dostyk Ave., 44, Shevchenko Str. 28, Almaty, 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan, Utubayev Zhanbolat R. , Bolelov Sergey B. ,   State Museum of Oriental Art. Nikitskiy Boulevard, 12a, Moscow, 119019, Russian Federation, Kalieva Zhanargul S. ,   The Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan. Dostyk Ave., 44, Shevchenko Str. 28, Almaty, 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan, Suyundikova Makpal K. ,   The Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan. Dostyk Ave., 44, Shevchenko Str. 28, Almaty, 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kassenova Assemgul D. ,   The Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan. Dostyk Ave., 44, Shevchenko Str. 28, Almaty, 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2023

The article introduces the results, descriptions and analysis of the experiment on the reconstruction of the molding mass and the manufacture of ceramic vessels of the Chirik-Rabat culture (3rd–2nd centuries BC). The site adjacent to the pottery workshops of the Babish-mola 7 archaeological complex (Eastern Aral Sea region) was used as a landfill. There is the Akkyr hill nearby, abounding in reserves of clay raw materials. The experiment was conducted during the field research of the Chirik-Rabat archaeological expedition of the Margulan Institute of Archaeology in 2022. The main objective of this experiment was to determine all aspects of the production cycle for the manufacture of ceramic vessels – from collecting raw materials for the manufacture of ceramics, designing vessels, firing and ending with obtaining the result. During the experimental work, a search was carried out for clay deposits near the Babish-mola oasis along the riverbeds. The process of collecting organic matter (cattle manure) was carried out in the nearest settlement, located 60 km from the Babish-mola monument, for the admixture of chamotte, featureless fragments of ceramics from the monument were used. The vessels were formed on a single-disc turntable.
Overcoming Tegumentary Numbness in Seeds of Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria paulinea
Authors: Maia Wellington Matheus de Paula , Araújo Eduardo Fontes , Da Silva Antônio Veimar , Da Silva Carla Michelle
Published: November 2023

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of dormancy breaking methods in seeds of C. paulinea and C. Spectabilis.
 
Theoretical reference: Species of crotalaria, such as C. paulinea and C. spectabilis, found in the Brazilian territory, are used as green manure in large crops and vegetable productions. However, the presence of tegumentary hardness in their seeds can result in failures in soil cover, which favor the emergence of weeds.
 
Method/design/approach: The research was carried out at the Laboratório de Análise de Sementes of the Departamento de Agronomia, at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Twenty treatments were applied to the seeds to break dormancy, using mechanical scarification with 120 grit sandpaper, hot water in an oven at 90 °C for five and seven minutes, and immersion in sodium hypochlorite at four concentrations, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, for four times, two, four, six and eight hours.
 
Results and conclusion: The most efficient treatments for breaking this dormancy in both species of crotalaria were scarification with sandpaper and immersion in water at 90±3 °C for seven minutes. Treatments using sodium hypochlorite were not effective in reducing the number of hard seeds.
 
Originality/value: Feasibility of the methods applied to break dormancy in seeds of C. paulinea and C. Spectabilis, since they are used for green manure, and control of Aedes aegypti, among other purposes.
Analysis of the Integrated Basic Sanitation Concession Model Adopted by the Municipality of São Simão, Goiás
Authors: Da Silva Karina Nóbrega , Pfeiffer Simone Costa
Published: November 2023

Objective: To assess the integrated concession model adopted by São Simão, a municipality in the state of Goiás, which encompasses water supply, sanitary sewage, and urban solid waste management services.
 
Theoretical Framework: Law 14,026 established the year 2033 for the universalization of water supply and sanitation services and the year 2024 for the implementation of environmentally adequate final disposal in Brazilian municipalities (Brasil, 2020a). Due to reduced federal funding for investment, the federal government has sought the involvement of private entities to ensure the capacity for investment, operation, and maintenance of these services.
 
Method: Information about the federal government's strategy was obtained from the websites of the Ministries of Regional Development and Economy and the Caixa Econômica Federal. For the case study of the integrated concession, research was conducted on the reference studies of the modeling and the bidding notice, made publicly available by the municipality on its website.
 
Results and Conclusion: The tariffs obtained in the concession modeling indicate an average commitment of 4.12% of the household income, in line with international benchmarks for expenditure on basic sanitation and consistent with market-practice values. Tariff affordability and the economic-financial feasibility of the project were enhanced by the synergy among the three sanitation sectors.
 
Research implications: The model enables the achievement of the goals set by the new legal framework for sanitation through a standard concession, without any counterpart or additional input from the municipality.
 
Originality/Value: The integrated concession model represents an innovative venture with the potential to boost the economic and financial sustainability of universal access to basic sanitation in the country.
Ausschnitt eines Briefwechsels zwischen einem kognitiven Verhaltenstherapeuten und einer Vertreterin der „klassischen Gesprächspsychotherapie
Authors: Wittke Karsten , Biermann-Ratjen Eva-Maria
Published: November 2023

Karsten Wittke hat wiederholt bei Veranstaltungen, in denen es um den PZA ging, die Diskussion mit Eva- Maria Biermann-Ratjen gesucht. Einem Mitglied der Redaktion der Zeitschrift PERSON ist das aufgefallen und hat vorgeschlagen, diesen Gedankenaustausch in der Form eines Briefwechsels zu veröffentlichen. Karsten Wittke empfindet E.-M. Biermann-Ratjen als Vertreterin der „klassischen“ Gesprächspsychotherapie, die non-direktiv behandelt, und möchte Antworten auf die Fragen: „Was ist Gesprächspsychotherapie?“, „Gibt es ‚die‘ Gesprächspsychotherapie?“, „Ist sie kompatibel mit Verhaltensanweisungen?“ E.-M. Biermann-Ratjen betont das – im Vergleich zum Mainstream der Psychotherapie – andere Verständnis von Intervention des PZA und von therapeutischer Beziehung und wünscht sich, dass sich auch die Gesprächspsychotherapeuten selbst dieses Andersseins bewusster sind und z. B. Abstand nehmen von Formulierungen wie „Realisierung der Beziehungsvariablen Akzeptanz“.
Exploration and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the Rhizosphere of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao. L) in West Sumatra
Authors: Sitepu Meisilva Erona , Sari Winda Purnama , Dwipa Indra
Published: November 2023

West Sumatra was declared as a center for Indonesian cocoa in the western portion. Almost all areas in West Sumatra are suitable for cocoa cultivation, so the cocoa planting area covers almost all the districts in the province. However, West Sumatran Cocoa production decline occurs because cocoa plantations are still mostly cultivated with smallholder plantations. The occurrence of land conversion and reduced land carrying capacity, including soil fertility, is due to the continuous use of inorganic fertilizers, which results in a decrease in the ecological quality of the land. Efforts to improve land conditions biologically by utilizing soil biotechnology. One of the soil microbes that can be utilized is Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). AMF that live in a symbiotic mutualism with plant roots and helps the absorption of plant nutrients and live in various places. The study aimed to identify arbuscular mycorrhiza Cocoa rhizosphere three districts, West Sumatra province, from the month of November 2020 to May 2021. The results showed the number of spores and diversity of AMF. The number of spores was 67-218 spores per 20 g soil. The root colonization was in the range of 21.3 - 24.6%. While the AMF diversity before trapped found three types of sport Glomus sp., Acaulospora sp., dan Gigaspora sp
Active Vibration Control of Flexible Structures with Super-Coiled Actuators
Authors: Zhang Cennan , Huang Juwei , Li Hua , Zhou Haofei , Hu Kaiming , Zhang Xiang , Tzou Hornsen
Published: November 2023

Flexible structures show low natural frequencies and light damping and often suffer from various dynamic loads, leading to low-frequency vibrations. Active vibration control is necessary for precision operation and long-term service of such structures, and a flexible actuator with a large actuation force and stroke is a key limitation. In this paper, super-coiled (SC) actuators, fabricated from fibers by twisting and inserting, were introduced to actively suppress the low-frequency vibration of flexible structures. Two SC actuators were symmetrically mounted on both surfaces of a cantilever beam to generate actuation forces. The force model of thermally driven SC actuators was developed, and a dynamic model of a cantilever beam with SC actuators was then proposed and validated via experimental actuation. Three types of control strategies, open loop, velocity negative feedback, and linear quadratic regulator (LQR), were adopted for vibration suppression. The results show that the proposed model fits quite well with the experimental data, and the maximum error between the experiment and the prediction is 3.90% among various driven currents. In velocity negative feedback control and LQR control, a 91.83% reduction of dynamic response is achieved, which validates the feasibility of using the actuator for low-frequency vibration control.
“Without Contraries Is No Progression”: William Blake’s Monistic Understanding of Theodicy as Reflected in His Engravings of the Book of Job
Authors: Evans Annette
Published: November 2023

In the book of Job, Job is initially described as “perfect and upright,” yet Yahweh allows Satan to inflict terrible suffering on him. From their Deuteronomistic orientation, Job’s comforters insist that Job must have sinned and deserves punishment. If Job is truly innocent, the quandary of theodicy arises because Yahwistic monism views Yahweh as the one and only loving, all powerful God of justice and mercy. However, in his exegesis in his set of engravings of the book, the nineteenth-century poet and artist William Blake viewed Job not as “perfect and upright,” but as wrapped in a self-absorbed bubble of false piety, dedicated to traditional memory and habit. This article selects six of Blake’s engravings and by means of a literary-psychological methodological approach demonstrates how Blake anticipated certain modern exegetical methods in his aim to “justify the ways of God to man.” He claimed the right to use his own imaginative response to the text, rather than rely on the meaning handed down by tradition and memory. The initial divide between heaven and earth is bridged when the youthful Elihu rejects their traditional wisdom, and brings Job to the point where he can experience God as an immanent divine presence. The advance of science, for instance, Darwin’s theory of the origin of the species, and subsequent research in a variety of disciplines has resulted in a new understanding of the inevitability of suffering and evil, and goes some way to validate Blake’s monistic insistence that “without contraries is no progression.”
PHYSICAL METHODS FOR THE DELIVERY OF EXPERIMENTAL DNA- AND MRNA-VACCINES
Authors:   State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Kisakov D.N. , Kisakova L.A. , Borgoyakova M.B. , Starostina E.V. , Zadorozhny A.M. , Tigeeva E.V. , Yakovlev V.A. , Rudometov A.P. , Karpenko L.I. , Ilyichev A.A.
Published: November 2023

The immunogenic and protective properties of DNA and mRNA vaccines were studied in BALB/c mice immunized by physical methods of administration (electroporation and jet injection) in this study. It has been shown that the delivery methods used induce the formation of a high level of humoral and T-cell immune response, providing protective immunity against the SARS-CoV-2.
ASSESSMENT OF THE LIVER STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE WITH TOXIC DAMAGE BY FLIM AND REAL-TIME PCR USING EX VIVO SAMPLES
Authors:   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Krylov D.P. , Kozlovv D.S. , Rodimova S.A. , Mozherov A.M. , Karabut M.M. , Kuznetsova D.S. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: November 2023

In this work, we assessed the structural and functional state of the liver tissue with toxic damage using multiphoton microscopy and molecular analysis of ex vivo samples. As a result, we revealed characteristic optical criteria for toxic liver damage at the cellular level, as well as changes in the expression level of genes associated with toxic damage.
EFFECT OF FICOL70 AND FICOL400 ON THE ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF AN ANTIGEN — ANTIBODY COMPLEX IN A MODEL SYSTEM OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND BEVACIZUMAB
Authors:   Institute for Biological Instrumentation RAS, Pushchino, Kudryashov T.A. , Sheveleva M.P. , Nemashkalova E.L. , Deryusheva E.I.
Published: November 2023

The method of bio-layer interferometry was used to study the interaction between the VEGF-A165 antigen and the bevacizumab antibody in the presence of Ficoll 70 and Ficoll 400. The crowding agents increased the equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) by an order of magnitude at 40 °C, which was caused by the changes in enthalpy of association. These findings are important for understanding the stability and specificity of therapeutic antibodies.
SEM-CHARACTERISTICS OF THE “CEMETERIES” OF TERATOMORPHIC POLLEN GRAINS FORMED UNDER HIGH RADIATION CONTAMINATION IN THE CHERNOBYL 30-KM EXCLUSION ZONE
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture RAS, Saint Petersburg, Levkovskaya G.M. , Shamal N.V. , Tarasevich V.F. , Bogolyubova A.N. , Kasparov A.K. ,   Institute of Radiobiology NAS of Belarus, Gomel,   Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg
Published: November 2023

SEM-micrographs of palynoteratical pollen complexes were obtained from the soil samples collected at points with high 239/240Pu, 241Am, 90Sr and 137Cs contamination located 12, 16 and 22 km from the Chernobyl NPP in 1988. The complexes resemble “cemeteries” of monstrous, underdeveloped and sterile pollen of all taxa simultaneously, while in the pollen complexes of Pleistocene extremes monstrous pollen are rare.
“PORTRAYING” PROTEINS BY DERIVATIVE UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (CASE STUDY HEMOCYANIN FROM THE MOLLUSK ACHATINA FULICA AND BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Malygina N.M. , Lianguzov A.Yu. , Ivanov A.M. , Petrova T.A. ,   Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg
Published: November 2023

Two proteins, hemocyanin from the mollusk A. fulica and BSA, were used to show how the fourth derivatives of UV absorption spectra make it possible to reveal individual proteins characteristics associated with the presence of aromatic amino acids in their composition. To implement the method, the script was developed in the R programming language. This approach can be helpful in solving a variety of problems.
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF TROPONIN COMPLEX AND TROPOMYOSIN INTERACTION
Authors:   Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Nefedova V.V. , Kechko O.I. , Matyushenko A.M. , Levitsky D.I. ,   Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow
Published: November 2023

Studies of the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction are again becoming extremely relevant. The cornerstone of this kind of research is the establishment of a detailed mechanism of molecular rearrangements in the troponin-tropomyosin system underlying the regulation of muscle contraction in norm and pathology. The aim of this work was to establish the parameters of the interaction between troponin and tropomyosin and the assembly mechanism of this complex.
Deuteration of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes Leads to Enhanced Emission Efficacy
Authors: Janeková Hana , Friedman Hannah C. , Russo Marina , Ahmed Tasnim , Zyberaj Mergime , Hua Ash S. , Sica Anthony V. , Caram Justin R. , Stacko Peter
Published: November 2023

Short-wave infrared region (SWIR; 900-2000 nm) enables in vivo bioimaging with unrivaled spatial and temporal resolution, but its full potential is locked behind the lack of highly emissive organic fluorophores. Their design remains a grand challenge and understanding the structure-property relationship is the key to their rational design. Here we investigate the effects of deuteration on the photophysical properties of a series of heptamethine (Cy7) dyes bearing different terminal heterocycles, the absorption of which spans the near-infrared (NIR) and SWIR regions. Using cheap deuterium sources, we demonstrate that deuteration is a strategy applicable across the Cy7 family that leads to enhanced quantum yields of fluorescence, longer-lived singlet excited states and suppressed rates of non-radiative deactivation processes. Jointly with exclusion of the central cyclohexenyl ring, the approach furnishes the brightest SWIR-emitting Cy7 fluorophore disclosed to this date.
Photochemical H2 Activation by an Zn–Fe Heterometallic: A Mechanistic Investigation
Authors: Perez-Jimenez Marina , Crimmin Mark
Published: November 2023

Addition of H2 to a Zn–Fe heterometallic complex was observed to occur under photochemical conditions (390 or 428 nm LED) and leads to the formation of the corresponding metal dihydride. The reaction does not occur under thermal conditions and DFT calculations suggest this is an endergonic, light driven process. Through a combined experimental and computational approach, the plausible mechanisms for H2 activation were investigated. Inhibition experiments, double-label cross-over experiments, radical trapping experiments, EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations were used to gain insight into this system. The combined data are consistent with two plausible mechanisms, the first involving ligand dissociation followed by oxidative addition of H2 at the Fe centre, the second involving homolytic fragmentation of the Zn–Fe heterometallic and formation of radical intermediates.
Most Important Elements of the Soviet Theory of Ethnos: Prospects for Use in Modern Theories of Ethnicity
Authors:   Sociological Institute RAS – a Branch of the Federal Research Sociological Center RAS, Wiener B. E.
Published: November 2023

This paper continues the author's previous publication on the Soviet theory of ethnos, considering such elements of this theory as ethnic processes, ethnic self-consciousness, and taxonomic levels of ethnic communities. The paper draws an attention to the fact that the ideas of Russian ethnologists about the philosophical positions regarding the existence of social communities (or large social groups) are limited by the constructivism-positivism dichotomy. Moreover, most of these ethnologists adopt a constructivist position, and some of them deny the very reality of ethnic communities. At the same time, in recent decades, English-speaking philosophers and social scientists have been intensively developing critical-realist theory as an alternative to the two named approaches. The paper offers to consider the problem of ethnicity within the framework of critical realism, using the time-tested elements of the theory of ethnos, such as the abovementioned ethnic processes, self-consciousness (or ethnic identity), and the concept of taxonomic levels of ethnic communities. Simultaneously one should bear in mind that the theory of ethnos itself is not without major drawbacks. From the author's point of view, the main weaknesses in this theory are attempts to tie the typology of ethnic communities to the historical stages in the development of society, and more specifically to Marx's socio-economic formations; to tie rigidly the group characteristics of ethnos to its cultural characteristics, including language; and to remove agency from the framework of this theory, while maintaining structural (in this case, belonging to a group) and cultural components of the theory of ethnos. The use of a critical-realist approach in relation to ethnicity allows us to assert that the removal of ethnic self-identifications from the theoretical model of ethnos leads to the destruction of this model and to the perception of ethnic communities as sets of individuals who are united together by researchers for very different reasons. An ethnologist should conclude that the group is an ethnos, and not some other type of a group, if the majority of its members have a self-identification that coincides with the self-identification of their parents, even when this group consists of representatives of different social strata, has different occupations, native languages, citizenships, and confessions or live dispersed in remote areas.
Modification of the of the Viper SD-4 braking system
Authors:   University of Žilina, Antoniuk Kateryna , Škultéty Filip
Published: November 2023

The Viper SD-4 is an excellent example of a Light Sport Aircraft (LSA) category of training aeroplanes. It is produced in Slovakia and used in several European countries and also in the United States of America. It is a very high-quality made aircraft, but some of the pilots say that it has one not very convenient component, which is the operation of the brake system. In this article researched how the brake system can be modified based on data from other brake systems used for the LSA category. The result of this research is the possible variants of the anticipated modifications and the analysis of the relevance of such changes.
Analysis of selected vital functions of a pilot during flight
Authors:   University of Žilina, Rimarčík Timotej , Chodelka Frederik
Published: November 2023

Pilots work in distinct environment and there are many requirements they must fulfill to ensure the safe operation of an aircraft. However, there are also some psychological elements, that might be difficult to deal with, such as stress and high workload, while performing difficult flight tasks. This article explains what causes stress and high workload, and how does it affect pilots. Some of the vital functions of human body can be used to measure stress and high workload. The final part will deal with some research, using modern methods to measure stress and high workload during different flight phases, to upgrade cockpit ergonomics and procedures in aviation.
Changes in visibility caused by atmospheric fronts
Authors:   University of Žilina, Valo Sebastián , Jarošová Miriam
Published: November 2023

This scientific thesis deals with the research and analysis of atmospheric fronts and their effect on visibility focused on aviation in Žilina airport, Poprad – Tatry airport and Košice airport. For the purposes of research and analysis of changes in visibility due to the atmospheric fronts passing through, METAR reports from the above-mentioned airports and bulletins of meteorology and climatology published every month were used. We analyzed reports from 2017 to 2021, a 5-year period. In this thesis, there is also an atmosphere with its layers, fronts and visibility. This scientific thesis was developed under the supervision of the thesis supervisor. For the analysis, we used METAR reports provided by the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute.
Analysis of alternative control options fot the ROTAX 915 is engine
Authors:   University of Žilina, Plochová Jana , Šajbanová Kristína
Published: November 2023

This article focuses on analyzing the possibilities of alternative management of the ROTAX 915 IS aircraft engine using the ECU MASTER electronic control unit. The article examines how the use of ECU MASTER could become a beneficial alternative to the traditional manufacturer's control system. The new control system would ensure lower costs for purchasing ECU and reduce the number of sensors required to operate the engine. This would achieve a lower weight of the entire system, which is very important for aircraft in terms of fuel efficiency and cost savings.
Public support of regional airports in european countries
Authors:   University of Žilina, Koreník Filip , Remencová Tatiana
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, regional airports play several important roles. Their main benefit is the positive impact on the economy in many regions, and they also help to relieve the dense and congested air network in several European countries. However, one of the problems with regional airports is that they are not able to generate a profit. This problem is increasingly becoming a trend. The European Union try to provide public support and state aid to this type of airport, but in spite of this fact, their economic situation is not improving. This article is focused on the issue of providing public support and state aid to regional airports. One of the goals is to clarify in what form public support can be granted, for what purpose, who can grant it and also how much it can be granted. Another objective is to analyse and compare the provision of public support to regional airports in different countries before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the findings, there were evaluated the effectiveness of public support provision in terms of whether the amount of public support provided was sufficient for airports. The final section suggests options for the future direction of regional airports, taking into account current market conditions.
Effect of wing surface contamination on aerodynamic characteristics
Authors:   University of Žilina, Gego Filip , Bugaj Martin
Published: November 2023

The article is focused on determining the influence of wing surface contamination on aerodynamic characteristics. This work describes the description of the BL 215 airfoil on which the measurements were made, the factors affecting the change in aerodynamic characteristics, the method of obtaining the values necessary to draw a conclusion, and finally the comparison and evaluation of the resulting values. Through the geometric functions in the Inventor program, a wing model with a laminar airfoil BL 215 was created, the aerodynamic characteristics of which were calculated in the Ansys Fluent program.
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' RIGHTS
Authors: Syriid Tetayna , Fomina Lina , Fomin Pavlo
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the institutional mechanism for protecting the rights of indigenous peoples at the international universal and regional levels, in particular within the United Nations, the African Union, the Organization of American States etc. It was established that in order to comprehensively protect and promote the rights of indigenous peoples, a number of bodies and specially authorized officials function within the UN structure (the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, the Inter-Agency Support Group, the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples). It is emphasized that the activities of such bodies and special procedures are aimed at raising awareness of the rights of indigenous peoples, promoting integration and coordination of activities in this area, promoting the application of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, preparing and publishing studies on the situation of indigenous peoples' rights, assisting Member States and/or indigenous peoples in developing legislation and policies related to the rights of indigenous peoples, identifying best practices and sharing them, etc. It was determined that within the American and African regions, an organizational and legal framework in this area has also been created, including: the Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities and Minorities in Africa and the Office of the Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. It is emphasized that the mandate of the Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities and Minorities in Africa includes minority rights, given that the protection of the rights of non-dominant minorities is key to ensuring the exercise of rights on an equal footing as well as socio-economic development, national cohesion, peaceful coexistence and conflict prevention on the continent.
RLaMs-Dehazing: Optimized Depth Map Improvement Single Colour Image Dehazing
Authors: Roy Sangita
Published: November 2023

Visibility Degradation is a classical problem owing to the presence of Atmospheric Particulate Matter (APM). There are different image dehazing algorithms. Any one method cannot be relied upon as each haze condition is unique. An innovative algorithm has been proposed inverting the image formation atmospheric scattering model [2, 32]. The model has been improvised by one key factor. This is Regularized Lagrangian multiplier (RLaM) based Depth Map (DM) refinement. The algorithm has low time complexity which intrigues real-time efficient applications. Different state-of-the-art visibility algorithms have been studied and their subjective and objective performance evaluations have been evaluated. Extensive investigation shows remarkable improvement with the proposed algorithm. This method is equally applicable to different atmospheric conditions. Time complexity experimented with execution time and Big (O) for real-time effectiveness. Extensive experiment results show the potential of the proposed algorithm independent of the influence of atmospheric conditions and capturing devices adaptive to computer vision applications. Time complexity and quality output trade-off achieved with the removal of ringing artifacts efficiently.