bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Critical Care Medicine Training in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit: Survey Responses From Dual Certified Critical Care Cardiologists
Authors: Brusca Samuel B. , Barnett Christopher , Barnhart Brendan J. , Weng Weifeng , Morrow David A. , Soble Jeffrey S. , Katz Jason N. , Wiley Brandon M. , van Diepen Sean , Gomez Antonio D. , Solomon Michael A.
Published: March 2019

Background

Cardiovascular intensive care units (
CICUs
) have evolved from coronary care wards into distinct units for critically ill patients with primary cardiac diseases, often suffering from illnesses that cross multiple disciplines. Mounting evidence has demonstrated improved survival with the incorporation of dedicated
CICU
providers with expertise in critical care medicine (
CCM
). This is the first study to systematically survey dual certified physicians in order to assess the relevance of
CCM
training to contemporary
CICU
care.

Methods and Results

Utilizing American Board of Internal Medicine data through 2014, 397 eligible physicians had obtained initial certification in both cardiovascular disease and
CCM
. A survey to delineate the role of critical care training in the
CICU
was provided to these physicians. Among those surveyed, 120 physicians (30%) responded. Dual certified physicians reported frequent use of their
CCM
skills in the
CICU
, highlighting ventilator management, multiorgan dysfunction management, end‐of‐life care, and airway management. The majority (85%) cited these skills as the reason
CCM
training should be prioritized by future
CICU
providers. Few (17%) agreed that general cardiology fellowship alone is currently sufficient to care for patients in the modern
CICU
. Furthermore, there was a consensus that there is an unmet need for cardiologists trained in
CCM
(70%) and that
CICU
s should adopt a level system similar to trauma centers (61%).

Conclusions

Citing specific skills acquired during
CCM
training, dual certified critical care cardiologists reported that their additional critical care experience was necessary in their practice to effectively deliver care in the modern
CICU
.
Effect of Previous Exposure to Malaria on Blood Pressure in Kilifi, Kenya: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Etyang Anthony O. , Kapesa Sailoki , Odipo Emily , Bauni Evasius , Kyobutungi Catherine , Abdalla Marwah , Muntner Paul , Musani Solomon K. , Macharia Alex , Williams Thomas N. , Cruickshank J. Kennedy , Smeeth Liam , Scott J. Anthony G.
Published: March 2019

Background

Malaria exposure in childhood may contribute to high blood pressure (
BP
) in adults. We used sickle cell trait (
SCT
) and α
+
thalassemia, genetic variants conferring partial protection against malaria, as tools to test this hypothesis.

Methods and Results

Study sites were Kilifi, Kenya, which has malaria transmission, and Nairobi, Kenya, and Jackson, Mississippi, where there is no malaria transmission. The primary outcome was 24‐hour systolic BP. Prevalent hypertension, diagnosed using European Society of Hypertension thresholds was a secondary outcome. We performed regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. We studied 1127 participants in Kilifi, 516 in Nairobi, and 651 in Jackson.
SCT
frequency was 21% in Kilifi, 16% in Nairobi, and 9% in Jackson.
SCT
was associated with −2.4 (95%
CI
, −4.7 to −0.2) mm Hg lower 24‐hour systolic BP in Kilifi but had no effect in Nairobi/Jackson. The effect of
SCT
in Kilifi was limited to 30‐ to 59‐year‐old participants, among whom it was associated with −6.1 mm Hg (
CI
, −10.5 to −1.8) lower 24‐hour systolic BP. In pooled analysis allowing interaction by site, the effect of
SCT
on 24‐hour systolic BP in Kilifi was −3.5 mm Hg (
CI
, −6.9 to −0.1), increasing to −5.2 mm Hg (
CI
, −9.5 to −0.9) when replacing estimated glomerular filtration rate with urine albumin to creatinine ratio as a covariate. In Kilifi, the prevalence ratio for hypertension was 0.86 (
CI
, 0.76–0.98) for
SCT
and 0.89 (
CI
, 0.80–0.99) for α
+
thalassemia.

Conclusions

Lifelong malaria protection is associated with lower
BP
in Kilifi. Confirmation of this finding at other sites and elucidating the mechanisms involved may yield new preventive and therapeutic targets.
Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Low‐Flow, Low‐Gradient Aortic Stenosis: Flow Reserve Does Not Matter Anymore
Authors: Annabi Mohamed‐Salah , Clavel Marie‐Annick , Pibarot Philippe
Published: March 2019

See Article by
Sato et al
Velocity-estimation improvements and migration/demigration using the common-reflection surface with continuing deconvolution in the time domain
Authors: Glöckner Martina , Dell Sergius , Schwarz Benjamin , Vanelle Claudia , Gajewski Dirk
Published: March 2019

To obtain an image of the earth’s subsurface, time-imaging methods can be applied because they are reasonably fast, are less sensitive to velocity model errors than depth-imaging methods, and are usually easy to parallelize. A powerful tool for time imaging consists of a series of prestack time migrations and demigrations. We have applied multiparameter stacking techniques to obtain an initial time-migration velocity model. The velocity model building proposed here is based on the kinematic wavefield attributes of the common-reflection surface (CRS) method. A subsequent refinement of the velocities uses a coherence filter that is based on a predetermined threshold, followed by an interpolation and smoothing. Then, we perform a migration deconvolution to obtain the final time-migrated image. The migration deconvolution consists of one iteration of least-squares migration with an estimated Hessian. We estimate the Hessian by nonstationary matching filters, i.e., in a data-driven fashion. The model building uses the framework of the CRS, and the migration deconvolution is fully automated. Therefore, minimal user interaction is required to carry out the velocity model refinement and the image update. We apply the velocity refinement and migration deconvolution approaches to complex synthetic and field data.
A stable auxiliary differential equation perfectly matched layer condition combined with low-dispersive symplectic methods for solving second-order elastic wave equations
Authors: Ma Xiao , Li Yangjia , Song Jiaxing
Published: March 2019

The stable implementation of the perfectly matched layer (PML), one of the most effective and popular artificial boundary conditions, has attracted much attention these years. As a type of low-dispersive and symplectic method for solving seismic wave equations, the nearly-analytic symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta (NSPRK) method has been combined with split-field PML (SPML) and convolutional complex-frequency shifted PML (C-CFS-PML) previously to model acoustic and short-time elastic wave modelings, not yet successfully applied to long-time elastic wave propagation. In order to broaden the application of NSPRK and more general symplectic methods for second-order seismic models, we formulate an auxiliary differential equation (ADE)-CFS-PML with a stabilizing grid compression parameter. This includes deriving the ADE-CFS-PML equations and formulating an adequate time integrator to properly embed their numerical discretizations in the main symplectic numerical methods. The resulting (N)SPRK+ADE-CFS-PML algorithm can help break through the constraint of at most second-order temporal accuracy that used to be imposed on SPML and C-CFS-PML. Especially for NSPRK, we implement the strategy of neglecting the treatment of third-order spatial derivatives in the PML domain and obtain an efficient absorption effect. Related acoustic and elastic wave simulations illustrate the enhanced numerical accuracy of our ADE-CFS-PML compared with SPML and C-CFS-PML. The elastic wave simulation in a homogeneous isotropic medium shows that compared to NSPRK+C-CFS-PML, the NSPRK+ADE-CFS-PML is numerically stable throughout a simulation time of 2 s. The synthetic seismograms of the 2D acoustic SEG salt model and the two-layer elastic model demonstrate the effectiveness of NSPRK+ADE-CFS-PML for complex elastic models. The stabilization effect of the grid compression parameter is verified in the final homogeneous isotropic elastic model with free-surface boundary.
Extraction of the tomography mode with nonstationary smoothing for full-waveform inversion
Authors: Yao Gang , da Silva Nuno V. , Kazei Vladimir , Wu Di , Yang Chenhao
Published: March 2019

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) includes migration and tomography modes. The tomographic component of the gradient from reflection data is usually much weaker than the migration component. To use the tomography mode to fix background velocity errors, it is necessary to extract the tomographic component from the gradient. Otherwise, the inversion will be dominated by the migration mode. We have developed a method based on nonstationary smoothing to extract the tomographic component from the raw gradient. By analyzing the characteristics of the scattering angle filtering, the wavenumber of the tomographic component at a given frequency is seen to be smaller than that of the migration component. Therefore, low-wavenumber-pass filtering can be applied to extract the tomographic component. The low-wavenumber-pass smoothing filters are designed with Gaussian filters that are determined by the frequency of inversion, the model velocity, and the minimum scattering angle. Thus, this filtering is nonstationary smoothing in the space domain. Because this filtering is carried out frequency by frequency, it works naturally and efficiently for FWI based on frequency-domain modeling. Furthermore, because the maximum opening angle of the reflections in a typical acquisition geometry is much smaller than the minimum scattering angle for the tomographic component, which is generally set at 160°, there is a relatively large gap between the wavenumbers of the tomographic and migration components. In other words, the nonstationary smoothing can be applied once to a group of frequencies for time-domain FWI without leaking the migration component into the tomographic component. Analyses and numerical tests indicate that two frequency groups are generally sufficient to extract the tomographic component for the typical frequency range of time-domain FWI. The numerical tests also demonstrate that the nonstationary smoothing method is effective and efficient at extracting the tomographic component for reflection waveform inversion.
Characterization and Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Starch of Cajanus Cajan Seeds as Tablet Binder
Authors: Abdalla Bakheit Ahmed , Baraka Abdallah Daud , I. Hamedelniel Elnazeer , A. Osman Zuhair , M. Algaobahi Khaled
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to characterize carboxymethyl cajanus cajan starch (CMCCS) and evaluate its capacity as binder, using metronidazole as model drug. Wet granulation method was adopted in preparation of metronidazole tablets containing CMCCS. Native cajanus cajan starch (NCCS) was carboxymethylated using monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and sodium hydroxide. Also the effect of CMCCS concentration and wet massing time on the physical properties of metronidazole (200 mg) tablet formulations was tested in a 22 full factorial design. The degree of substitution, amylose content, moisture content, pH and moisture uptake of CMCCS were found to be 0.252, 20.92%, 8.86 %, 6.9 and 48.5 respectively. Also CMCCS dissolved in cold water forming viscous solution. Similarly amylose content, moisture content, pH and moisture uptake of NCCS were 32.9%, 9.6 %, 6.12 and 17.34% respectively. in terms of bulk density, NCCS gave higher values compared to CMCCS. The values of Hausner ratio were 1.42 and 1.46 for NCCS and CMCCS respectively. The results of angle of repose revealed that the CMCCS had good flow characteristics, while the NCCS had passable flow characteristics. FT-IR analysis of the CMCCS sample showed peak shifting compared to the NCCS sample indicating carboxymethylation. CMCCS with degree of substitution (DS) of 0.252 was synthesized and it was further evaluated as tablet excipient in metronidazole based tablets. The results of quality control tests which performed for metronidazole formulations that prepared by CMCCS as binder, showed that the increase of CMCCS concentration from 12.5 % to 17.5 % led to increase in hardness and decrease in % friability values significantly, but no significant effect on DT was observed when wet massing time was kept at 6 min but when wet massing time was increased to 12 min, DT was significantly increased. Also the increase of wet massing time from 6 to 12 min led to slight increase in tablets hardness. The % friability was decreased due to increasing in wet massing time only in formulations containing CMCCS at 17.5%. Also all the batches showed more 90 % drug release within 15 min. Generally, the physicochemical and functional properties of CMCCS and NCCS showing that both NCCS and CMCCS can be used as tablet excipient in pharmaceutical industries. With CMCCS having superior properties compared to unmodified cajanus cajan starch.
Serum 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal and Induced Nitric Oxide Synthase in Hypertension Patient
Authors: H. Jawad Alaa , Hammed Ali , Adil Hadeel , Al-Qaisi Zyad , Redwan Amamer , Yousif Emad
Published: March 2019

Hypertension (HT) And related diseases such as chronic kidney disease(CKD) share in that one of the main reasons for them is to increase the oxidative stress, which in turn increases the severity of the disease and exacerbation of symptoms. Reactive molecules produced from oxidative stress, in addition to causing tissue damage by oxidation of biomolecules like DNA, lipids, proteins and sugars; they are lead to the formation of mediators with potent inflammatory effect. The objective of this study was to investigate some markers of oxidative stress in hypertension (HT) and HT with CKD patients in addition to some biochemical parameters related to these diseases. This study involved 84 male subjects aged between (25-65) year equally divided into three groups, first and second one belong to HT and HT with CKD patients respectively from Al-yarmouk Teaching hospital, while the third one for apparently healthy 28 subjects considered as control group. For each subject in the three groups these markers and parameters were evaluated; 4-hydroxy-2-nonenl(4HNE), induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), albumin, urea, creatinine ,total serum protein. The results were compared to control; There was a significantly higher (p<0.01) in 4HNE, and iNOS levels in both HT and HT with CKD patients, while serum albumin and Total serum protein shows significantly (p<0.01) lower levels in both groups. The elevation levels of oxidative stress markers may be due to oxidative damage of tissues that caused by these inflammatory diseases. Was concluded that there was a positive relation between oxidation results from these diseases and their developments and suggest increase need to intake of antioxidants as precaution in front of these disease.
Energy Levels and Lifetimes of 1s2 and 1snl (n=2-5) for Neutral Helium
Authors: Elhak Salhi Dhia , Jelassi Haikel
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we present calculations for some of the lowest energy levels and lifetimes for neutral helium. The FAC (Flexible-Atomic-Code) is a reliable code for calculating 49 energy levels and their lifetimes. The calculation is performed up to n=5 including a series of configuration of 1s2 and 1snl. Comparison has been made with similar data published in the NIST database. A good agreement of less than1% was found for most levels expect the 1s2p 3P2 level. This proves the reliability of our results. New values for lifetimes are presented for the first time.
Effect of Alpha Energy on Track Characteristics
Authors: Vrinda Devi K.V. , Ramkumar Jayshree
Published: March 2019

Radiation imaging using solid state nuclear track detectors is an important non destructive technique for estimation of radioactive species like plutonium, thorium etc. In this study, two alpha sources were used for imaging of alpha tracks. From the image analysis of the tracks, different track characteristics were analysed. The frequency distribution of track parameters is Gaussian in nature and is found to be affected by the energy of alphas. It was seen that the maximum of the frequency distribution was located at higher values of track diameter (or area) for the tracks registered with alphas of higher energy. This could be attributed to greater extents of structural changes within the polymer upon impingement of alphas with higher energy. The studies could prove to be a marker for the identification of alpha sources of different nuclides.
Evaluating a Chemical/Biological Laboratory to Promote Safety Measures
Authors: H. Al-Dahhan Wedad , Abd Ali Ali , Jasim Ammar , H. Hussein Falah , Yousif Emad
Published: March 2019

The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering at Baghdad University has lately renovated its own research laboratories to comply with international safety measures and conduct undergraduate and postgraduate research. In this regard, the department has harnessed some amenities within the college to establish these laboratories taking into accounts creating a convenient, safe, and developed working environment for both researchers and students. A precise procedure was followed to establish this laboratory which includes providing new bench tops which offer spacious working places for workers. These benches were supplied with power points, gas, water, and compressed air outlets. In addition, the laboratories were provided with fume hoods, fire extinguishers, and other auxiliary safety tools. For all that, an inspection conducted by experts to these laboratories showed some major and minor faults which need to be taken into considerations to ensure safety for all workers within these amenities.
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) from Sugarcane Bagasse by Acid Hydrolysis with Addition of Ferric Chloride Catalyst (FeCl3 )
Authors: Sri Aprilia N. A. , Chintia Ambarita Aulia , Karmila Karmila , Adam Armando M. , Yusupi Guswara Faisal
Published: March 2019

Sugarcane bagass was used as effect of hydrolysis time for isolation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was done. The other components such as lignin and hemicellulose were removed from the biomass by adding NaOH and NaOCl and continue to synthesist of CNF has done using formic acid hydrolysis wiht addition of ferric chloride catalyst. FTIR analysis showed that were no significant variations in peak positions, This result did not affect the chemical compounds of CNF. XRD analysis showed increase the hydrolisis time also increase the crystallinity percentage and crystalline size. Increasing hydrolysis time would decreased the percentage yield of CNF.
Poisson’s integral formula via heat kernels
Authors: Miyazaki Yoichi
Published: March 2019

We give another proof of Poisson’s integral formula for harmonic functions
in a ball or a half space by using heat kernels with Green’s formula.
We wish to emphasize that this method works well even for a half space,
which is an unbounded domain;
the functions involved are integrable, since the heat kernel decays rapidly.
This method needs no trick such as the subordination identity,
which is indispensable when applying the Fourier transform method for a half space.
Language learning as psycho-social support: translanguaging space as safe space in superdiverse refugee settings
Authors: Capstick Tony
Published: March 2019

This paper explores language learning for displaced people in the countries bordering Syria and attempts to establish a link between the concept of translanguaging and the concept of safe spaces used by NGOs. The paper uses the term ‘displaced people’ as it is this feature of beingdis-placed that the paper seeks to explore through the lens of superdiversity and its connections to spaces for translanguaging. The concept of superdiversity helps us understand the stratification and multiplication of the processes and effects of migration which lead to heightened complexity, while the concept of translanguaging has been incorporated into this heuristic to help understand how people communicate in these superdiverse settings. The main finding is that monolingual ideologies of language learning pervade the safe spaces which one NGO provides, though the aim is not to single out this one NGO for criticism when the majority of NGOs visited orient to similar monolingual outlooks which disregard home languages at a time when vulnerable adults, adolescents and children need to draw on all of the language resources in their repertoires to make sense of their new surroundings.
CFD Investigation of Al2O3 Nanoparticles Effect on Heat Transfer Enhancement of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids in a Helical Coil
Authors: Aminian Dehkordi Javad , Jafari Arezou
Published: March 2019

The present study applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the heat transfer of Newtonian (water) and non-Newtonian (0.3 %wt. aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)) fluids in the presence of Al2O3 nanoparticles. To analyze the heat transfer rate, investigations were performed in a vertical helical coil as essential heat transfer equipment, at different inlet Reynolds numbers. To verify the accuracy of the simulation model, experimental data reported in the literature were employed. Comparisons showed the validity of simulation results. From the results, compared to the aqueous solution of CMC, water had a higher Nusselt number. In addition, it was observed that adding nanoparticles to a base fluid presented different results in which water/Al2O3 nanofluid with nanoparticles’ volume fraction of 5 % was more effective than the same base fluid with a volume fraction of 10 %. In lower ranges of Reynolds number, adding nanoparticles was more effective. For CMC solution (10 %), increasing concentration of nanoparticles caused an increase in the apparent viscosity. Consequently, the Nusselt number was reduced. The findings reveal the important role of fluid type and nanoparticle concentration in the design and development of heat transfer equipment.
Preparation and Characterization of Soy Protein Isolate Films Incorporating Modified Nano-TiO2
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Xu Lina , Li Rui , Zhang Huangjiang , Cao Wenhui , Li Tong , Zhang Yinglong
Published: March 2019

Antimicrobial films were prepared by incorporating nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) modified by silane into soy protein isolate (SPI) films. The effects of different concentrations of modified nano-TiO2 (TiO2-NM) on the physical properties, antimicrobial properties, and microstructure of the SPI-based films were investigated. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the interaction between the SPI and TiO2-NM was via hydrogen bonds. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy both showed that the microstructure of SPI-based films with TiO2-NM was compact. Moreover, as the content of TiO2-NM increased from 0 to 1.5 g/100 mL, the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability were decreased from 5.43 to 4.62 g· mm/m2d· kPa and 0.470 to 0.110 g· cm−2· d−1, respectively. An increase from 6.67 MPa to 14.56 MPa in tensile strength and a decrease from 36.53% to 27.62% in elongation at break indicate the optimal mechanical properties of all groups. TiO2-NM films had excellent UV barrier properties, with a whiter surface with increasing TiO2-NM content. In addition, the SPI-based films with TiO2-NM showed antimicrobial activity, as evidenced by an inhibitory zone increasing from 0 to 27.34 mm. Therefore, TiO2-NM can be used as an antimicrobial agent in packaging films.
Stability and Bifurcation Analysis in a Discrete-Time SIR Epidemic Model with Fractional-Order
Authors: El-Shahed Moustafa , Abdelstar Ibrahim M. E.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the dynamical behavior of a discrete SIR epidemic model with fractional-order with non-monotonic incidence rate is discussed. The sufficient conditions of the locally asymptotic stability and bifurcation analysis of the equilibrium points are also discussed. The numerical simulations come to illustrate the dynamical behaviors of the model such as flip bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation and chaos phenomenon. The results of numerical simulation verify our theoretical results.
Chaotic Contact Dynamics of Two Microbeams under Various Kinematic Hypotheses
Authors: Krysko V.A. , Awrejcewicz J. , Papkova I.V. , Saltykova O.A. , Krysko A.V.
Published: March 2019

Different kinematic mathematical models of nonlinear dynamics of a contact interaction of two microbeams are derived and studied. Dynamics of one of the microbeams is governed by kinematic hypotheses of the first, second, and third approximation orders. The second beam is excited through a contact interaction with the first beam and is described by the kinematic hypothesis of the second-order approximation in both geometric linear and nonlinear frameworks. The derived nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed to the counterpart system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by the finite difference method. Nonlinear contact interaction dynamics of the microbeam structure is analyzed with the help of time series (signals), Fourier spectra, and wavelet spectra based on various mother wavelets, Morlet wavelet spectra employed to study synchronization phenomena, Poincaré maps, phase portraits, and the Lyapunov exponents estimated with the Wolf, Kantz, and Rosenstein algorithms. We have illustrated that neglecting the shear function (Euler–Bernoulli model) yields erroneous numerical results. We have shown that the geometric nonlinearity cannot be neglected in the analysis even for small two-layer microbeam deflection. In addition, we have detected that the contact between two microbeams takes place in the vicinity of

x
≈
0.2

x \approx 0.2

and

x
≈
0.8

x \approx 0.8

instead of the beams central points.
Deutschdidaktik und -methodik in China – Entwicklungen und Erfahrungen
Authors: ZHAO Zhiyong
Published: March 2019

Institutionalisiertes Deutschlehren in China hat eine Geschichte von etwa 150 Jahren, die sich anhand von Literaturrecherche in diesem Beitrag in vier Epochen einteilen lässt. Epochengemäß prägt sich die klassische Fremdsprachendidaktik und -methodik auch im Deutschunterricht in China aus, zu deren Entwicklung wiederum chinesische Elemente unter bestimmten gesellschaftlichen Umständen große Beiträge leisteten. Dadurch gewinnt die Deutschdidaktik und -methodik in China an typischen chinesischen Merkmalen und Besonderheiten. Mithilfe einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse der Texte in der Rubrik „So Sagen die Gelehrten“ der Zeitschrift Wir Lernen Deutsch werden Erfahrungen des Deutschlehrens in China dargestellt, auf deren Basis eine Deutschdidaktik und -methodik mit chinesischer Prägung ausgearbeitet werden könnte.
Die Sprachspezialisten der philologisch ausgerichteten Germanistik in China – vom Sprachtalent zum Multitalent?
Authors: CUI Taotao
Published: March 2019

Die Germanistik in China ist philologisch ausgelegt und konzentriert sich auf die Ausbildung von Sprachspezialisten. Doch mit tiefgreifenden Wirtschaftsreformen sowie der Intensivierung von Chinas Kooperation mit deutschsprachigen Ländern konnte sie mit der philologischen Fokussierung die neuen Anforderungen am Arbeitsmarkt immer schwerer erfüllen und steckt allmählich in einer Krise. Ausgehend von dem Ausbildungsprofil der Germanistikstudierenden geht die vorliegende Arbeit der Krise nach und diskutiert über Möglichkeiten der Modernisierung der chinesischen Germanistik.
Die Hochschullehrerfortbildung für junge chinesische Deutschlehrkräfte: Rückblick und Evaluation
Authors: HUANG Keqin
Published: March 2019

In diesem Beitrag wird über die Durchführung der Deutschlehrerfortbildung im Fachbereich Germanistik in China berichtet. Die Fortbildung erfolgte in zwei Phasen: 2006–2009 und 2010–2017. In der ersten Phase lag der Schwerpunkt auf der Vermittlung der Didaktik und Methodik des Faches Deutsch als Fremdsprache. In einer anschließenden Untersuchung von 40 chinesischen Germanistikfachbereichen, die zwischen 2000 und 2009 neu gegründet wurden, wurde die aktuelle Lage der jungen chinesischen Deutschlehrenden dargestellt und analysiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung sind gleichzeitig ein Argument für die zweite Phase der Fortbildung, nämlich die Fortbildungslehrgänge, die inhaltlich auf spezielle Lehrveranstaltungen im Fachbereich Germanistik abzielen. Nach dem Bericht über die zweite Phase der Fortbildung habe ich auf der Grundlage von Ergebnissen eines Video-Interviews und einer E-Mail-Umfrage im Jahr 2016 die Wirkung der veranstalteten Fortbildungslehrgänge evaluiert. Durch den Vergleich der Ergebnisse der zwei Untersuchungen, die jeweils im Jahre 2017 und 2009 mit derselben Zielgruppe durchgeführt wurden, wird die Nachhaltigkeit der Lehrerfortbildung verdeutlicht.
Gott aus der Natur erkennen – Calvin im interreligiösen Quervergleich mit al-Ghazālī
Authors: Wüstenberg Ralf K.
Published: March 2019

Ausgehend von Calvin fällt der Querblick auf den sufisch bestimmten Islam, exemplarisch auf den persischen Islam-Gelehrten Abū-Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī (gest. 1111). Es wird die These vertreten, dass, ausgehend von Einsichten reformatorischer Theologie, auch im Islam die für Calvin typischen Annahmen, Unterscheidungen und Erkenntnisse im Hinblick auf eine ‚natürliche Theologie‘ anzutreffen sind. Annahmen, wie die der Unentschuldbarkeit der Menschen angesichts göttlicher Zeichen; Unterscheidungen, wie die zwischen Gotteserkenntnis und Selbsterkenntnis sowie der zwischen einer natürlichen Gotteserkenntnis, die visuelle und kognitive Elemente umfasst und einer Erkenntnis Gottes, die gewiss macht; Erkenntnisse, wie die, dass Zeichen (arab. āyāt) auch nach islamisch-theologischer Auffassung zwar einerseits das Potential haben, zum heilsnotwendigen Wissen hinzuführen, andererseits das Heil nicht unmittelbar über eine vernunftgemäße Auslegung der Zeichen hergestellt werden kann.
Wie viel Religionsphilosophie braucht es für eine Philosophie der Person?
Authors: von Kalckreuth Moritz
Published: March 2019

Der vorliegende Beitrag erörtert das Verhältnis einer Philo-sophie der Person zur Religionsphilosophie bzw. einer Philosophie religiöser Phänomene. Dabei soll die These vertreten werden, dass der personale Lebenszusammenhang bestimmte Phänomene aufweist, die nur in einem religiösen Kontext adäquat verstanden werden können. Die Interpretation dieser Phänomene kann einen Zugang zu bestimmten Aspekten von Personalität ermöglichen, die von den meisten Persontheorien der Gegenwart kaum beachtet werden.
Clinical value of serum homocysteine, folate, and ultrasonography detection of yolk sac in predicting the outcome of threatened abortion
Authors: Wu Wenhai , Ji Qinglin , Guo Baoli , Yu Jinfen , Wang Jiewei , Wang Yezhu , Xu Juan
Published: March 2019

Background: To investigate the clinical value of serum homocysteine (Hcy), folate, and ultrasonography detection of yolk sac in predicting the outcome of threatened abortion.Methods: Ninety-eight pregnant women within 12 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Of these subjects, 29 presented with threatened abortion and were considered the case group (n=29). The other 69 subjects showed as a normal pregnancy were the control group (n=69). The case group was followed up with at 28 weeks of gestation, and further divided into inevitable abortion group (IA, n=9) and successful fetus protection group (SFP, n=20). The yolk sacs of the included cases were measured by ultrasonography. The serum Hcy and folate levels of the included cases were measured by an enzyme cycling assay and chemiluminescent immunoassay, respectively. The yolk sac visualization rate and serum Hcy and folate levels were compared between the two case groups and used as a predicting reference for the outcome of threatened abortion. Results: The yolk sac visualization rates detected by ultrasonography were 97.1% (67/69) for the control group and 69.0% (20/29) for the threatened abortion group, with a statistical difference (p<0.05). For the IA and SFP groups, the visualization rates were 22.2% (2/9) and 90.0% (18/20) respectively, with a statistical difference (p<0.05). The serum Hcy levels in the threatened abortion group were significant elevated compared with control group (6.1±2.0 μmol/L vs 4.5±1.3 μmol/L), with a statistical difference (p<0.05). However, the serum levels of folat in the threatened abortion group were significantly decreased compared with the control group (15.5±4.2 nmol/L vs 19.1±4.7 nmol/L), with a statistical difference (p<0.05). The serum levels of Hcy and folate were 7.5±1.7 μmol/L and 12.7±4.2 nmol/L for the IA group, which were statistically different compared to the SFP group (p<0.05). The predictive sensitivity for the outcome of threatened abortion based on serum Hcy and folate levels were 85.0% and 75.0%, with a predictive specificity of 66.7% and 88.9% respectively. Conclusion: Serum Hcy and folate levels were quite different in threatened abortion pregnant woman compared to the control group. Serum Hcy and folate level detection combined with ultrasonography detection of yolk sac can provide useful information for threatened abortions
Ist im Länderfinanzausgleich die isolierte Berechnung von Grenzentzugsraten für einzelne Steuern sinnvoll?
Authors: Broer Michael
Published: March 2019

In 2020 the new fiscal equalization system will come in force. One problem of the new system seems to be, that local tax revenues (e. g. local trade tax) are subject to much higher redistribution than under the status quo; the maximum of redistribution is higher than 100 %. But these results do ignore, that taxes could be seen as co-products. If e. g. the base of the local trade tax increases, the base of the corporation tax will raise, too. So it is not possible, to change only the revenue of one tax like the former analysis imply. Having this in mind, a simulation analysis shows, that the redistribution will always be lower than 100 %.
On the Higher-Order Phase Shift Contributions in Opposite Polarities Dust Plasmas
Authors: EL-Shamy E. F. , El-Shewy Emad K. , Abdo Noura F.
Published: March 2019

The collision of dressed dust acoustic solitons (DDASs) and the analytical higher-order phase shift are studied in a dusty plasma system that contains cold negative and positive dusty fluids and Maxwellian distributed for ions as well as electrons. The extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo method is applied in order to obtain the nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries and phase shift equations, which admit the variation in soliton profiles and trajectories, respectively. Influences of the higher-order correction and the plasma fluid parameters such as charged dust grains concentration, negative-to-positive dust grain mass ratio, ion-to-negative dust grain number density ratio, and ion-to-electron temperature ratio on the characteristics of DDASs and their phase shifts are discussed. The comparisons between first- and higher-order contributions in rarefactive and compressive profiles are also taken into account. Furthermore, the present consideration may be utilised to mesosphere and magnetosphere.
Durability-Related Properties of Concrete Made with Chloride-Contaminated Materials
Authors: Carsana Maddalena , Gastaldi Matteo , Lollini Federica , Redaelli Elena
Published: March 2019

Because sustainability issues have a primary importance in the construction field, the use of alternative raw materials in concrete production has been widely studied in recent years, especially considering the fact that freshwater is becoming as precious a resource as virgin stones, which are used as aggregates for both concrete and cement production. However, for the durability of reinforced concrete structures, a negligible chloride content in the raw materials should be guaranteed in order to avoid a premature corrosion initiation on reinforcement. Within the Infravation project SEACON, the possible use of recycled aggregate from salt-contaminated concrete structures, seawater- and chloride-contaminated cement have been studied in combination with corrosion-resistant reinforcement for durable concrete structures. Specifically, the experimental study presented in this article is aimed at investigating the effects of chlorides in the raw materials on the durability-related properties of concrete. To this purpose, different concrete mixtures with chloride-contaminated materials were tested in terms of microstructural analysis, mechanical performance, and transport properties (such as compressive strength, capillary water absorption, chlorides, and carbonation penetration). The characterization of concretes showed that the use of chloride-contaminated materials did not negatively influence the early age microstructural features of the hardened cement paste, except for the presence of chlorides in the cement paste. Overall, chloride contamination did not affect the penetration of the carbonation and the capillary absorption, whereas an influence was observed in the resistance to chloride penetration.
Analyses of Retrogressive Slope Failures in Terrace Deposits
Authors: Hsu Sung-Chi , Liu Ming-Hung , Quah Tai-Seong
Published: March 2019

Slope failures in terrace deposits were explored and studied in this research. In situ exploration and sampling were carried out in Shin-Shan Village of Nantou County after a typhoon. Large direct shear tests in the laboratory were performed to measure the shear strength of the material. The soil-water characteristic curve of the soil was derived from pressure plate tests. The cross-sectional profiles of the failed slope before and after the typhoon in this area were obtained using a digital elevation model and 3-D terrestrial scanner, respectively. The numerical software SEEP/W and SLOPE/W were used to analyze the slope stability under similar rainfall to the typhoon. Different groundwater levels and river water levels were considered to compare the factor of safety values and reveal the failure processes of the slope. The possible failure of the slope may be due to scouring of the slope toe by fluvial erosion caused by rising water river levels, mud flows, or both, based on the investigated profiles and numerical simulations. The estimated length of scouring was about 20 m long. Based on the numerical modeling, the possible mechanism of failure for this length of scouring could be due to multiple retrogressive failures after toe scouring.
A Diallel of the Mouse Collaborative Cross Founders Reveals Strong Strain-Specific Maternal Effects on Litter Size
Authors: Shorter John R , Maurizio Paul L , Bell Timothy A , Shaw Ginger D , Miller Darla R , Gooch Terry J , Spence Jason S , McMillan Leonard , Valdar William , Pardo-Manuel de Villena Fernando
Published: March 2019

Reproductive success in the eight founder strains of the Collaborative Cross (CC) was measured using a diallel-mating scheme. Over a 48-month period we generated 4,448 litters, and provided 24,782 weaned pups for use in 16 different published experiments. We identified factors that affect the average litter size in a cross by estimating the overall contribution of parent-of-origin, heterosis, inbred, and epistatic effects using a Bayesian zero-truncated overdispersed Poisson mixed model. The phenotypic variance of litter size has a substantial contribution (82%) from unexplained and environmental sources, but no detectable effect of seasonality. Most of the explained variance was due to additive effects (9.2%) and parental sex (maternal vs. paternal strain; 5.8%), with epistasis accounting for 3.4%. Within the parental effects, the effect of the dam’s strain explained more than the sire’s strain (13.2% vs. 1.8%), and the dam’s strain effects account for 74.2% of total variation explained. Dams from strains C57BL/6J and NOD/ShiLtJ increased the expected litter size by a mean of 1.66 and 1.79 pups, whereas dams from strains WSB/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, and CAST/EiJ reduced expected litter size by a mean of 1.51, 0.81, and 0.90 pups. Finally, there was no strong evidence for strain-specific effects on sex ratio distortion. Overall, these results demonstrate that strains vary substantially in their reproductive ability depending on their genetic background, and that litter size is largely determined by dam’s strain rather than sire’s strain effects, as expected. This analysis adds to our understanding of factors that influence litter size in mammals, and also helps to explain breeding successes and failures in the extinct lines and surviving CC strains.
Imperfect Linkage Disequilibrium Generates Phantom Epistasis (& Perils of Big Data)
Authors: de los Campos Gustavo , Sorensen Daniel Alberto , Toro Miguel Angel
Published: March 2019

The genetic architecture of complex human traits and diseases is affected by large number of possibly interacting genes, but detecting epistatic interactions can be challenging. In the last decade, several studies have alluded to problems that linkage disequilibrium can create when testing for epistatic interactions between DNA markers. However, these problems have not been formalized nor have their consequences been quantified in a precise manner. Here we use a conceptually simple three locus model involving a causal locus and two markers to show that imperfect LD can generate the illusion of epistasis, even when the underlying genetic architecture is purely additive. We describe necessary conditions for such “phantom epistasis” to emerge and quantify its relevance using simulations. Our empirical results demonstrate that phantom epistasis can be a very serious problem in GWAS studies (with rejection rates against the additive model greater than 0.28 for nominal p-values of 0.05, even when the model is purely additive). Some studies have sought to avoid this problem by only testing interactions between SNPs with R-sq. <0.1. We show that this threshold is not appropriate and demonstrate that the magnitude of the problem is even greater with large sample size, intermediate allele frequencies, and when the causal locus explains a large amount of phenotypic variance. We conclude that caution must be exercised when interpreting GWAS results derived from very large data sets showing strong evidence in support of epistatic interactions between markers.
A jobb pitvari fülcse echokardiográfiás vizsgálata és annak klinikai jelentősége
Authors: Nemes Attila , Havasi Kálmán , Sághy László , Kohári Mária , Forster Tamás
Published: March 2019

Abstract:

In case of atrial fibrillation, there is a higher risk of thrombus formation, which could affect the right heart as well. Visualization of the right atrial appendage is difficult; the aim of the present review was to demonstrate the role of routine echocardiographic techniques and to show related clinical data. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(12): 443–447.
Pszichoszomatikus tünetek előfordulási gyakorisága 8–17 éves magyar gyermekek körében
Authors: Fehér Piroska , Annár Dorina , Zsákai Annamária , Bodzsár Éva
Published: March 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: Subjective health complaints are common among children as well. Age, gender, health status, etc. can modify the prevalence, intensity, frequency and the dimensions of the psychosomatic complaints. Aim: The main purposes were to analyse the frequency pattern of psychosomatic complaints in children as well as to study the influence of physical status and lifestyle factors on psychosomatic status. Method: The subjects of the present analysis represented a random sample of the Hungarian National Growth Study (n = 13 331; 8–17-year-old). The three clusters of the health complaints were somatic, psychological and sleeping disorders. The psychosomatic status of 8–17-year-old children was analysed by dividing them into subgroups of experiencing the subjective health complaints often (weekly or more often), on an average level or rarely. Frequency distributions were examined for each subjective health complaint. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to reveal the relationship between the frequency pattern of psychosomatic complaints and the hypothesized predictive factors. Results: The prevalence of the psychosomatic complaints increased by age, and girls reported more symptoms than boys. Subjective health status, nutritional status, body image, academic achievement, stature, body mass and socioeconomic status influenced the frequency pattern of psychosomatic complaints in girls, while physical activity, self-esteem, socioeconomic status and subjective health status in boys. Conclusions: Age, gender, socioeconomic status and psychosocial status can affect the frequency pattern of the psychosomatic complaints. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(12): 464–472.
TRAJETÓRIAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA A DISTÂNCIA: ENTRE SABERES, EXPERIÊNCIAS E NARRATIVAS
Authors: Silva Diva Souza , Araújo Jussara de Loiola
Published: March 2019

RESUMO: O presente artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa cujo objetivo foi narrar e analisar, numa perspectiva crítica, a experiência da constituição docente em Matemática, de alunos-professores, em um curso a distância, quando os saberes relativos à prática docente e à formação superior se encontravam. Os sujeitos exerciam a docência em Matemática na Educação Básica e cursavam a Licenciatura pela Universidade Aberta do Brasil. O diálogo teórico empreendeu campos da formação de professores de Matemática, dos saberes docentes mobilizados nessa constituição e o percurso formativo por meio da EaD. O caminho investigativo seguiu pela abordagem qualitativa e pela “investigação narrativa”, inspirado em Clandinin e Connelly (2000) e Bolívar (2002). O material empírico envolveu questionários, entrevistas, memorial de formação e observações da trajetória desses sujeitos em formação. Os sentidos que conferiram à sua formação, como a busca de ‘presentificar ausências’, a legitimação teórica de elementos tratados no ensino, a própria certificação na formação, tensões e desencontros, são algumas das considerações da pesquisa.
Exponential smoothing for intermittent demand with demand basis updated more frequently than seasonality factors
Authors: Luiz de Biazzi Jorge
Published: March 2019

Abstract This study aims to present an alternative technique of exponential smoothing to estimate the demand for items with intermittent and seasonal demand. The usual technique would aggregate demand periods (months in quarters, for instance) to calculate a seasonality factor for the set of periods. The estimate for the set would be divided by the number of periods comprising it to calculate the demand per period. This technique recalculates the basis and seasonality factor for each set, and provides equal estimates for all periods within the set. The alternative herein presented also recalculates seasonal factors for every set of periods, but recalculates the demand basis for each period, allowing better monitoring of demand behavior. Based on a real-life case, the results obtained by the two techniques mentioned above and by others that do not explicitly consider seasonality were compared: simple moving average, no-seasonality exponential smoothing, Croston’s, and Syntetos-Boylan. The latter two were developed specifically for intermittent demands without seasonality. The techniques that consider seasonality performed better for estimation errors. The suggested technique, in the example, showed less bias, although with somewhat lower accuracy than exponential smoothing with seasonality and period aggregation.