bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Market Competition and the Health Composition of Manufactured Food
Authors: Hamilton Stephen F. , Réquillart Vincent
Published: December 2016

There has been surprisingly little research to date on the supply‐side role of food manufacturers on equilibrium health outcomes for consumers. In this letter we consider an oligopoly model in which food processors choose the health composition of manufactured food. We show that price competition between food processors leads to unhealthy food composition in the market equilibrium, even under circumstances in which consumers know food composition is unhealthy. Taxes on manufactured food decrease the healthiness of manufactured foods whenever improved consumer health increases the price elasticity of food demand. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of developing mathematics anxiety among middle‐school students: A 2‐year prospective study
Authors: Madjar Nir , Zalsman Gil , Weizman Abraham , Lev‐Ran Shaul , Shoval Gal
Published: December 2016

While there is an abundance of research pertaining to the development of anxiety disorders, there is still a dearth of knowledge regarding the development of anxiety in the general population. The objective of this study was to longitudinally explore the development of mathematics anxiety among normative middle‐school students, and to identify the moderating role of gender, school transition and scholastic achievements on these trajectories. Subjects included 413 sixth grade students (53.3% females, mean age 11.27 ± 0.38 years). Participants were evaluated for their level of anxiety in the context of mathematics, using the Value of Education scale, in four time‐points with a 6‐month gap between each time‐point. Data regarding subjects' grades and school transition were also collected. A growth curve analysis using hierarchical linear modelling revealed that girls, students who transitioned between schools and high achievers (each independently) reported a significant increase in mathematics related anxiety towards the end of sixth grade, which later decreased during seventh grade. The findings of this prospective study on factors affecting the development of mathematics anxiety among normative adolescents may be important in planning focused primary prevention school‐based strategies.
Bone‐forming cells with pronounced spread into the third dimension in polymer scaffolds fabricated by two‐photon polymerization
Authors: Heitz J. , Plamadeala C. , Wiesbauer M. , Freudenthaler P. , Wollhofen R. , Jacak J. , Klar T. A. , Magnus B. , Köstner D. , Weth A. , Baumgartner W. , Marksteiner R.
Published: December 2016

The main aim of this work was to stimulate bone‐forming cells to produce three‐dimensional networks of mineralized proteins such as those occurring in bones. This was achieved by a novel approach using a specific type of mesenchymal progenitor cells (i.e., primary fibroblast cells from human hair roots) seeded on to polymer scaffolds. We wrote polymer microstructures with one or more levels of quadratic pores on to a flexible substrate by means of two‐photon polymerization using a Ti‐sapphire femtosecond laser focused into a liquid acrylate‐based resin containing a photoinitiator. Progenitor cells, differentiated into an osteogenic lineage by the use of medium supplemented with biochemical stimuli, can be seeded on to the hydrophilic three‐dimensional scaffolds. Due to confinement to the microstructures and/or mechanical interaction with the scaffold, the cells are stimulated to produce high amounts of calcium‐binding proteins, such as collagen type I, and show an increased activation of the actin cytoskeleton. The best results were obtained for quadratic pore sizes of 35 µm: the pore volumes become almost filled with both cells in close contact with the walls of the structure and with extracellular matrix material produced by the cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 891–899, 2017.
PPARα Promotes Cancer Cell Glut1 Transcription Repression
Authors: You Mengli , Jin Jianhua , Liu Qian , Xu QingGang , Shi Juanjuan , Hou Yongzhong
Published: December 2016

Abundant nutrient availability including glucose and amino acids plays an important role in maintaining cancer cell energetic and biosynthetic pathways. As a nuclear receptor, peroxisome‐proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) regulates inflammation and cancer progression, however, it is still unclear the interaction of PPARα with the cancer cell glucose metabolism. Here we found that PPARα reduced Glut1 (Glucose transporter 1) protein and gene levels in HCT‐116, SW480, HeLa, and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines. In contrast, silenced PPARα reversed this event. Further analysis shows that PPARα directly targeted the consensus PPRE motif of Glut1 promoter region resulting in Glut1 transcription repression. PPARα‐mediated Glut1 transcription repression led to decreased influx of glucose in cancer cells. These findings revealed a novel mechanism of PPARα‐mediated cancer cell Glut1 transcription repression. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1556–1562, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coloring Graphs with Constraints on Connectivity
Authors: Aboulker Pierre , Brettell Nick , Havet Frédéric , Marx Dániel , Trotignon Nicolas
Published: December 2016

A graph G has maximal local edge‐connectivity k if the maximum number of edge‐disjoint paths between every pair of distinct vertices x and y is at most k. We prove Brooks‐type theorems for k‐connected graphs with maximal local edge‐connectivity k, and for any graph with maximal local edge‐connectivity 3. We also consider several related graph classes defined by constraints on connectivity. In particular, we show that there is a polynomial‐time algorithm that, given a 3‐connected graph G with maximal local connectivity 3, outputs an optimal coloring for G. On the other hand, we prove, for , that k‐colorability is NP‐complete when restricted to minimally k‐connected graphs, and 3‐colorability is NP‐complete when restricted to ‐connected graphs with maximal local connectivity k. Finally, we consider a parameterization of k‐colorability based on the number of vertices of degree at least , and prove that, even when k is part of the input, the corresponding parameterized problem is FPT.
Antichaperone activity and heme degradation effect of methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) on normal and diabetic hemoglobins
Authors: Najdegerami Ismaeil Hossein , Maghami Parvaneh , Sheikh‐Hasani Vahid , Hosseinzadeh Ghader , Sheibani Nader , Moosavi‐Movahedi Ali A.
Published: December 2016

Because of the extensive use of methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) as an additive to increase the octane quality of gasoline, the environmental pollution by this compound has increased in recent decades. Environmental release of MTBE may lead to its entry to the blood stream through inhalation or drinking of contaminated water, and its interactions with biological molecules such as proteins. The present study was proposed to comparatively investigate the interactions of MTBE with hemoglobin (Hb) from diabetic and nondiabetic individuals using various spectroscopic methods including UV‐visible, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and circular dichroism. These results demonstrated the effects of MTBE on heme degradation of Hb and the reaction of these degradation products with water generating reactive oxygen species. Interaction of Hb with MTBE enhanced its aggregation rate and decreased lag time, indicating the antichaperone activity of MTBE upon interaction with Hb. Furthermore, the diabetic Hb showed more severe effects of MTBE, including heme degradation, reactive oxygen species production, unfolding, and antichaperone behavior than the nondiabetic Hb. The results from molecular docking suggested that the special interaction site of MTBE in the vicinity of Hb heme group is responsible for heme degradation.
Interaction of procarbazine with calf thymus DNA—a biophysical and molecular docking study
Authors: Anwer Razique , Ahmad Nazia , Al Qumaizi Khalid I. , Al Khamees Osama A. , Al Shaqha Waleed Mohammed , Fatma Tasneem
Published: December 2016

Interaction of procarbazine (PCZ) with calf thymus DNA was studied using biophysical and molecular docking studies. Procarbazine was to interact with DNA with a binding constant of 6.52 × 103 M−1 as calculated using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy. To find out the binding mode, molecular docking was performed that predicted PCZ to interact with DNA through groove binding mode with binding affinity of −6.7 kcal/mole. To confirm the groove binding nature, different experiments were performed. Dye displacement assays confirmed the non‐intercalative binding mode. Procarbazine displaced Hoechst dye from the minor groove of DNA while it was unable to displace intercalating dyes. There was no increase in the viscosity of DNA solution in presence of PCZ. Also, negligible change in the secondary structure of DNA was observed in presence of PCZ as evident by circular dichroism spectra. Procarbazine caused decrease in the melting temperature of DNA possibly because of decrease in the stability of DNA caused by groove binding interaction of PCZ with DNA.
Evaluating the transferability of measurements from simple constructed non weighable gravitation lysimeters to predict the water regime on field scale—a case study
Authors: Bednorz Denise , Tauchnitz Nadine , Christen Olaf , Rupp Holger , Meissner Ralph
Published: December 2016

The transfer of lysimeter‐based water balances to field scale is still a challenge, whereby the reliability of measured data from non‐weighable gravitation lysimeters (NWGL) is more questioned than the transferability of data from more modern lysimeter devices. The hypothesis of this study was to predict the water regime of a drained arable field (81 ha) based on measurement results of three neighboring (distance of 20 km northern Altmark region Saxony‐Anhalt, Germany) NWGL (surface area of 1 m2, depth of 1.25 m) for three hydrological years (HY) from 11/1/2012 to 10/31/2015. For the first two HY, manually collected monthly outflow rates from the NWGL were comparable to registered (data logger) drain rates of the field. But NWGL outflow was underestimated as compared to field drainage in the third HY. This deficit in the lysimeter water balance was caused by heavy rain events in summer 2014 in combination with wind and interception by the crop canopy (Zea maize). Precipitation did not match the NWGL surface whereas this canopy effect did not play a role at the field site. Thus, further numerical simulations of the soil water flow with the HYDRUS 1D/2D‐software package, which were based only on input data determined at the NWGL (stand precipitation, potential evaporation/ transpiration) without taking into account the canopy effect, described registered outflow of the field adequately for the whole observation period. But determining precipitation matching the NWGL surface, which was not registered due to the missing weighing mechanism, is absolutely required to interpret deviating measured outflow rates.
Regional productivity predicts individual growth and recruitment of rockfishes in a northern California upwelling system
Authors: Wheeler Sarah G. , Anderson Todd W. , Bell Tom W. , Morgan Steven G. , Hobbs James A.
Published: December 2016

Recruitment of marine fishes is largely determined by biological and environmental factors acting on early‐life stages. Subtle changes in larval condition in response to their environment can result in order‐of‐magnitude differences in year‐class‐strength. Overlap of larval production and favorable feeding conditions drives recruitment for many temperate marine fishes, but challenges associated with studying marine larvae have made it difficult to assess how environmental processes act on individual larvae to affect their growth and survival. We conducted a 2‐yr study in an upwelling system to assess the influence of regional productivity, temperature, and larval condition in explaining growth in rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). We employed otolith microstructure and satellite imagery to measure initial larval growth and estimate the productivity and temperature experienced by individuals to determine their relative importance in subsequent growth at metamorphosis. We compared model performance using indexed environmental conditions scaled over three different regions. In both years, net primary productivity explained the most variation in pre‐metamorphic growth relative to temperature and initial growth. This relationship was consistent across spatial regions, although model fit was highest using indices scaled to the south continental shelf region. Recent settlement, juvenile recruitment, and individual growth were significantly higher in a year when productivity bloomed earlier and individual larvae experienced higher levels of productivity. Thus, this link between regional scale productivity, growth, and subsequent year‐class strength supports the hypothesis that large‐scale oceanographic processes stimulating upwelling and secondary production are primary drivers of larval growth and recruitment in rockfishes.
Is there a difference of temperature sensitivity between marine phytoplankton and heterotrophs?
Authors: Chen Bingzhang , Laws Edward A.
Published: December 2016

The temperature sensitivity of phytoplankton growth rates, parameterized as the activation energy (Ea) in the Boltzmann‐Arrhenius equation, is critical to determining how global warming will affect marine ecosystems and the efficiency of the biological pump in the ocean. We applied both linear and nonlinear regression models to two laboratory temperature‐growth experimental datasets to estimate the Ea of each taxon of phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists. We found that phytoplankton Ea and normalized growth rates depended strongly on community composition. Diatoms grew more rapidly and had lower Ea values, whereas cyanobacteria grew more slowly and had higher Ea values. The phytoplankton Ea was underestimated by a single OLS regression on the pooled dataset because slowly growing cyanobacteria dominated in warm, oligotrophic ocean gyres, and rapidly growing diatoms dominated in cold, nutrient‐rich waters. By contrast, the median Ea values estimated from individual experiments did not differ between phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists. Our results suggest that phytoplankton community composition needs to be considered when trying to predict the effects of ocean warming on ecosystem productivity and metabolism.
Enhancement of terahertz photoconductive antenna operation by optical nanoantennas
Authors: Lepeshov Sergey , Gorodetsky Andrei , Krasnok Alexander , Rafailov Edik , Belov Pavel
Published: December 2016

Photoconductive antennas are promising sources of terahertz radiation that is widely used for spectroscopy, characterization, and imaging of biological objects, deep space studies, scanning of surfaces, and detection of potentially hazardous substances. These antennas are compact and allow for generation of both ultrabroadband pulses and tunable continuous wave terahertz signals at room temperatures, with no need for high‐power optical sources. However, such antennas have relatively low energy conversion efficiency of femtosecond laser pulses or two close pump wavelengths (photomixers) into the pulsed and continuous terahertz radiation, correspondingly. Recently, an approach to solving this problem that involves known methods of nanophotonics applied to terahertz photoconductive antennas and photomixers has been proposed. This approach comprises the use of optical nanoantennas for enhancing the absorption of pump laser radiation in the antenna gap, reducing the lifetime of photoexcited carriers, and improving the antenna thermal efficiency. This Review is intended to systematize the main results obtained by researchers in this promising field of hybrid optical‐to‐terahertz photoconductive antennas and photomixers. We summarize the main results on hybrid THz antennas, compare the approaches to their implementation, and offer further perspectives of their development including an application of all‐dielectric nanoantennas instead of plasmonic ones.

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Characterization of Ag and Au nanolayers on Cu alloys by TLC, SEM‐EDS, and ICP‐OES
Authors: Rezić I. , Špehar M. , Jakovljević S.
Published: December 2016

This paper reports a study on four historical samples from 19th century originating from Croatia, Europe, made of silver plated and gilded copper alloys. The investigation was carried out by chromatographic, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques. Corrosion was identified in all samples by scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), although the samples were in well‐preserved states. EDS has given the following average composition of elements Ag (82.99, 4.74, 6.34, and 15.54 wt% in samples 1–4, respectively), Au (17.01 wt% in sample 1), and Cu (0, 95.26, 93.66, and 84.46 wt% in samples 1–4, respectively) for the outer layers of the samples. The exact sample elemental composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES): 0.12, 0.22, 0.68, and 1.20 wt% Ag in samples 1–4, respectively and 0.02 wt% Au in sample 2, all on Cu alloys with impurities of Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, and Zn (in quantities 0.05–1.48 wt%). Preliminary detection of metals was performed by thin‐layer chromatography. Results of determined chemical composition were consistent with similar investigations, since silver‐plated and gilded Cu alloys were the materials used in the production of similar samples through the history.
Influence of the annealing treatment on the structure, morphology, and corrosion resistance of sputtered Zr‐Ti‐Si‐O coatings used for biomedical applications
Authors: Cotrut C. M. , Braic L. , Vranceanu D. M. , Kiss A. , Dinu M. , Balaceanu M. , Braic V. , Vladescu A.
Published: December 2016

The aim of the present article is to investigate the corrosion resistance of the Zr‐Ti‐Si‐O coatings (as‐deposited and annealed) as possible candidate as new biocompatible material. The coatings have been characterized in terms of elemental and phase composition, roughness and corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. The coatings, with a compositional ratio O/(Zr + Ti + Si) of 1.38, were found to consist of a mixture of ZrTiO4, ZrSiO4, Ti2O3, and SiOx phases. The samples annealed in O2 atmosphere at 1100 °C for 30 min resulted in improved crystallinity, increased surface area, surface roughness, and skewness. The results of the electrochemical tests revealed that Zr‐Ti‐Si‐O coatings had improved the corrosion resistance to the aggressive attack of the SBF as compared to the bare Ti6Al4V alloy, the best results being obtained on annealed coatings.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Polycaprolactone–Poly(hydroxybutyrate) or Poly(3‐Hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐Hydroxyvalerate) Dual‐Leached Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Thadavirul Napaphat , Pavasant Prasit , Supaphol Pitt
Published: December 2016

Polycaprolactone (PCL) blend with poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) or poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) dual‐leached scaffolds are prepared by using the solvent casting and salt–polymer‐leaching technique. The blending of the PHB and PHBV in PCL scaffolds results in decreased porosities of the scaffolds, and the water absorption capacities of the scaffolds also decrease. The compressive modulus of the PCL–PHB and PCL–PHBV dual‐leached scaffolds is greatly increased by the blending of PHB or PHBV matrix. An indirect cytotoxicity evaluation of all scaffolds with mouse fibroblastic cells (L929) and mouse calvaria‐derived preosteoblastic cell (MC3T3‐E1) indicates that all dual‐leached scaffolds are posed as nontoxic to cells. Both PCL–PHB and PCL–PHBV dual‐leached scaffolds are supported by the attachment of MC3T3‐E1 at significantly higher levels to tissue culture polystyrene plate (TCPS) and are able to support the proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 at higher levels to that cells on TCPS and PCL scaffolds. For mineralization, cells cultured on surfaces of PCL–PHB and PCL–PHBV dual‐leached scaffolds show higher mineral deposition than on TCPS and PCL scaffold.

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Phase Segregation of PEDOT:PSS on Textile to Produce Materials of >10 A mm−2 Current Carrying Capacity
Authors: Otley Michael T. , Alamer Fahad Alhashmi , Guo Yang , Santana Jose , Eren Esin , Li Mengfang , Lombardi Jack , Sotzing Gregory A.
Published: December 2016

Conductive textiles with exceptional electrical properties have been prepared by coating the conjugated polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxyphiophene)‐polystyrenesulfonate(PEDOT‐PSS), on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven fabrics. Phase segregation from covalent bond formation to surface silica particles generates PEDOT‐PSS coated textiles that hold potential for wearable electronics due to the breathability of the fabric, low toxicity, easy processing and lightweight with high current carrying capacity. The conductive textiles were demonstrated for applications such as electrical connections and resistive heating.

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Accuracy, precision, and reproducibility of myocardial T1 mapping: A comparison of four T1 estimation algorithms for modified look‐locker inversion recovery (MOLLI)
Authors: Shao Jiaxin , Liu Dapeng , Sung Kyunghyun , Nguyen Kim‐Lien , Hu Peng
Published: December 2016

Purpose

To compare the accuracy and precision of four different T1 estimation algorithms for modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI).

Methods

Four T1 estimation algorithms, including the original fit, inversion group (IG) fit, instantaneous signal loss simulation (InSiL), and Bloch equation simulation with slice profile correction (BLESSPC) were studied. T1 estimation accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and sensitivity to heart rate (HR), flip angle (FA), and acquisition scheme (AcS) variations were compared in simulation, phantom, and volunteer studies.

Results

T1 estimation accuracy of IG (‐2.4% ± 3.9%) and original fit (‐3.2% ± 1.4%) were worse than BLESSPC (0.2% ± 1.5%) and InSiL (‐0.7% ± 2.1%). The original fit had the best precision for T1 from 409–1884 ms for the same FA (0.67% ± 0.16% versus 0.90% ± 0.23% using IG, 0.78% ± 0.11% using InSiL, 0.77% ± 0.12% using BLESSPC). BLESSPC generated the most consistent in vivo T1 values over different FAs and AcS, and the T1 estimation reproducibility was similar (P > 0.3) among the four methods when FA = 35°. When using FA = 50°, the reproducibility was significantly improved only when using BLESSPC (1.6% ± 0.9 versus 2.6% ± 1.9%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

BLESSPC has superior accuracy and is the least sensitive to FA, HR, and AcS variations. T1 estimation using BLESSPC and FA = 50° is superior to conventional MOLLI with FA = 35° in accuracy and precision. Further clinical studies in varying pathological conditions are warranted to confirm our findings. Magn Reson Med 78:1746–1756, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Energiespeicher: "Da haben wir überhaupt keine Konkurrenz"
Authors: Remenyi Christian , Bulmahn Maren
Published: December 2016

Redoxflussbatterien auf Vanadiumbasis sind teuer und nicht überall anzuwenden. Speicher auf Polymerbasis, die nach dem Redoxflussprinzip arbeiten, sind ideal für Windparks und Solaranlagen, sagen Ulrich Schubert und Olaf Conrad den Nachrichten aus der Chemie.
Wo ist die Chemie geblieben?
Authors: Remenyi Christian
Published: December 2016

Warum sich die Chemie so schwer tut, ihr materielles Erbe zu präsentieren, diskutierten die Nachrichten aus der Chemie mit dem britischen Chemiehistoriker Robert Anderson. Heraus kam ein Plädoyer für das klassische Museum.
Chemielogistik: Mitteldeutsches Chemiedreieck
Authors: Schneller Anne
Published: December 2016

Produkte aus Schkopau, Böhlen, Leuna und Teutschenthal gelangen auf Schiene und Straße zu den Kunden. Für die Rohstoffe gibt es dazu ein weit verzweigtes Pipelinenetz.
Von der Natur des Wasserstoffs in Metallen
Authors: Kohlmann Holger
Published: December 2016

Die Geschichte der Metallhydride beginnt vor 150 Jahren: Thomas Graham berichtet über die Fähigkeit von Palladium, große Mengen Wasserstoffgas aufzunehmen.
Chemie für die eine Welt
Authors: Mehta Goverdhan , Krief Alain , Matlin Stephen A. , Hopf Henning
Published: December 2016

Das Projekt One‐world chemistry will zum Nachdenken über die Chemie anregen und zur Diskussion über die zukünftige gesellschaftliche Rolle der chemischen Wissenschaften ermutigen.
Chemische Bildung in Vietnam – Aufbruch zu Reformen
Authors: Nguyen Minh Quang , Becker Hans‐Jürgen
Published: December 2016

Vietnamesische Lehrer hatten im Chemieunterricht fast ausschließlich Faktenwissen zu vermitteln. Bildungsreformen sollen diese Praxis verändern. Doch neue Ansätze wie mehr Experimentalunterricht und Selbstständigkeit der Lernenden verändern auch traditionelle Vorstellungen von Bildung, der Rolle des Lehrers und des Schülers.
The PETALE study: Late adverse effects and biomarkers in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors
Authors: Marcoux Sophie , Drouin Simon , Laverdière Caroline , Alos Nathalie , Andelfinger Gregor U. , Bertout Laurence , Curnier Daniel , Friedrich Matthias G. , Kritikou Ekaterini A. , Lefebvre Geneviève , Levy Emile , Lippé Sarah , Marcil Valérie , Raboisson Marie‐Josée , Rauch Frank , Robaey Philippe , Samoilenko Mariia , Séguin Chantal , Sultan Serge , Krajinovic Maja , Sinnett Daniel
Published: December 2016

Background

Childhood cancer survivorship issues represent an established public health challenge. Most late adverse effects (LAEs) have been demonstrated to be time and treatment dependent. The PETALE study is a multidisciplinary research project aiming to comprehensively characterize LAEs and identify associated predictive biomarkers in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) survivors.

Methods

cALL survivors treated at Sainte‐Justine University Health Center with Dana‐Farber Cancer Institution‐ALL protocols 87‐01 through 2005‐01 were eligible. During Phase I of the study, the participants underwent comprehensive clinical, biologic, and psychosocial investigation targeting metabolic syndrome, cardiotoxicity, bone morbidity, neurocognitive problems, and quality of life issues. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed for all participants. Subjects identified with an extreme phenotype during Phase I were recalled for additional testing (Phase II).

Results

Phase I included 246 survivors (recall rate 71.9%). Of those, 85 participants completed Phase II (recall rate 88.5%). Survivors agreeing to participate in Phase I (n = 251) were similar to those who refused (n = 31) in terms of relapse risk profile, radiotherapy exposure, and age at the time of study. Participants, however, tended to be slightly older at diagnosis (6.1 vs. 4.7 years old, P = 0.08), with a higher proportion of female agreeing to participate compared with males (93.2 vs. 86.5%, P = 0.07).

Conclusion

The PETALE study will contribute to comprehensively characterize clinical, psychosocial, biologic, and genomic features of cALL survivors using an integrated approach. Expected outcomes include LAE early detection biomarkers, long‐term follow‐up guidelines, and recommendations for physicians and health professionals.
Current noise in tunnel junctions
Authors: Frey Moritz , Grabert Hermann
Published: December 2016

We study current fluctuations in tunnel junctions driven by a voltage source. The voltage is applied to the tunneling element via an impedance providing an electromagnetic environment of the junction. We use circuit theory to relate the fluctuations of the current flowing in the leads of the junction with the voltage fluctuations generated by the environmental impedance and the fluctuations of the tunneling current. The spectrum of current fluctuations is found to consist of three parts: a term arising from the environmental Johnson‐Nyquist noise, a term due to the shot noise of the tunneling current and a third term describing the cross‐correlation between these two noise sources. Our phenomenological theory reproduces previous results based on the Hamiltonian model for the dynamical Coulomb blockade and provides a simple understanding of the current fluctuation spectrum in terms of circuit theory and properties of the average current. Specific results are given for a tunnel junction driven through a resonator.
Classical and quantum Brownian motion in an electromagnetic field
Authors: Patriarca Marco , Sodano Pasquale
Published: December 2016

The dynamics of a Brownian particle in a constant magnetic field and time‐dependent electric field is studied in the limit of white noise, using a Langevin approach for the classical problem and the path‐integral Feynman‐Vernon and Caldeira‐Leggett framework for the quantum problem. A first goal of this study is to use the two‐dimensional problem of a Brownian particle in a magnetic field to show that a proper re‐formulation of the oscillator model of quantum Brownian motion allows one to recover the classical limit of the dynamics correctly. Furthermore, the probability distribution in configuration space of an initial pure state represented by an asymmetrical Gaussian wave function is worked out and its general time evolution is decomposed in the superposition of basic processes: (a) the classical motion of the center of mass, (b) a rotation around the mean position, and (c) spreading processes along the principal axes.
Time‐resolved statistics of photon pairs in two‐cavity Josephson photonics
Authors: Dambach Simon , Kubala Björn , Ankerhold Joachim
Published: December 2016

We analyze the creation and emission of pairs of highly nonclassical microwave photons in a setup where a voltage‐biased Josephson junction is connected in series to two electromagnetic oscillators. Tuning the external voltage such that the Josephson frequency equals the sum of the two mode frequencies, each tunneling Cooper pair creates one additional photon in both of the two oscillators. The time‐resolved statistics of photon emission events from the two oscillators is investigated by means of single‐ and cross‐oscillator variants of the second‐order correlation function and the waiting‐time distribution . They provide insight into the strongly correlated quantum dynamics of the two oscillator subsystems and reveal a rich variety of quantum features of light including strong antibunching and the presence of negative values in the Wigner function.
A geometric formulation of supersymmetry
Authors: Freedman Daniel Z. , Roest Diederik , Van Proeyen Antoine
Published: December 2016

The scalar fields of supersymmetric models are coordinates of a geometric space. We propose a formulation of supersymmetry that is covariant with respect to reparametrizations of this target space. Employing chiral multiplets as an example, we introduce modified supersymmetry variations and redefined auxiliary fields that transform covariantly under reparametrizations. The resulting action and transformation laws are manifestly covariant and highlight the geometric structure of the supersymmetric theory. The covariant methods are developed first for general theories (not necessarily supersymmetric) whose scalar fields are coordinates of a Riemannian target space.
Heat dissipation and fluctuations in a driven quantum dot
Authors: Hofmann Andrea , Maisi Ville F. , Basset Julien , Reichl Christian , Wegscheider Werner , Ihn Thomas , Ensslin Klaus , Jarzynski Christopher
Published: December 2016

While thermodynamics is a useful tool to describe the driving of large systems close to equilibrium, fluctuations dominate the distribution of heat and work in small systems and far from equilibrium. We study the heat generated by driving a small system and change the drive parameters to analyze the transition from a drive leaving the system close to equilibrium to driving it far from equilibrium. Our system is a quantum dot in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure hosting a two‐dimensional electron gas. The dot is tunnel‐coupled to one part of the two‐dimensional electron gas acting as a heat and particle reservoir. We use standard rate equations to model the driven dot–reservoir system and find excellent agreement with the experiment. Additionally, we quantify the fluctuations by experimentally testing the theoretical concept of the arrow of time, predicting our ability to distinguish whether a process goes in the forward or backward drive direction.
Efective infrared reflectivity and dielectric function of polycrystalline alumina ceramics
Authors: Nuzhnyy D. , Petzelt J. , Borodavka F. , Vaněk P. , Šimek D. , Trunec M. , Maca K.
Published: December 2016

Room‐temperature infrared (IR) reflectivity, terahertz transmission and evaluated effective complex dielectric response of four polycrystalline alumina ceramics (corundum) with highly anisotropic grains in the IR range were determined. The spectra were compared with modelled spectra based on the known IR response of sapphire single crystal and Bruggeman and Lichtenecker models of the effective medium approximation (EMA). The results are extremely sensitive to the surface treatment (polishing), but do not depend on the grain size in the range of ∼0.3–1 μm and on the weak doping, needed for processing of optically transparent ceramics. As all the samples show similar grain shapes and topology, no measurable differences among the fully dense samples were observed. Agreement with the modelled spectra is reasonable, but shows a higher effective mode damping. A weak geometrical resonance was revealed near 500 cm−1, better described by the Bruggeman model. The small sample porosity up to 6.2% is revealed mainly as a reduced reflectivity above ∼650 cm−1, which produces weak losses in the high‐frequency range above the TO phonon modes, better described by the Lichtenecker model.
Extremely low surface recombination in 1 Ω cm n‐type monocrystalline silicon
Authors: Bonilla Ruy S. , Reichel Christian , Hermle Martin , Wilshaw Peter R.
Published: December 2016

A key requirement in the recent development of highly efficient silicon solar cells is the outstanding passivation of their surfaces. In this work, plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition of a triple layer dielectric consisting of amorphous silicon, silicon oxide and silicon nitride, charged extrinsically using corona, has been used to demonstrate extremely low surface recombination. Assuming Richter's parametrisation for bulk lifetime, an effective surface recombination velocity Seff = 0.1 cm/s at Δn = 1015 cm–3 has been obtained for planar, float zone, n ‐type, 1 Ω cm silicon. This equates to a saturation current density J0s = 0.3 fA/cm2, and a 1‐sun implied open‐circuit voltage of 738 mV. These surface recombination parameters are among the lowest reported for 1 Ω cm c‐Si. A combination of impedance spectroscopy and corona‐lifetime measurements shows that the outstanding chemical passivation is due to the small hole capture cross section for states at the interface between the Si and a‐Si layer which are hydrogenated during nitride deposition. (© 2016 The Authors. Phys. Status Solidi RRL published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impedance and admittance control for respiratory‐motion compensation during robotic needle insertion – a preliminary test
Authors: Kim Yeoun Jae , Seo Jong Hyun , Kim Hong Rae , Kim Kwang Gi
Published: December 2016

Background

Many robotic needle‐biopsy systems have been developed to enhance the accuracy of needle‐biopsy intervention. These systems can reduce the intervention time and the radiation exposure of clinicians. However, respiratory‐motion compensation is needed to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of needle biopsy intervention.

Methods

Human respiratory‐motion data were acquired using three inertial measurement units (IMUs), and respiratory motion was simulated using the Stewart‐Gough platform. Robotic needle intervention was performed using impedance and admittance control algorithms for respiratory‐motion compensation using the Stewart‐Gough platform and a gelatin phantom.

Results

The impedance and admittance control algorithms can be used to compensate for respiratory motion during robotic needle insertion. The admittance control algorithm exhibits better performance than the impedance control algorithm.

Conclusions

The impedance and admittance control algorithms can be applied for respiratory‐motion compensation during robotic needle insertion. However, further study is needed for them to become clinically feasible.
Team SNU's Control Strategies for Enhancing a Robot's Capability: Lessons from the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals
Authors: Kim Sanghyun , Kim Mingon , Lee Jimin , Hwang Soonwook , Chae Joonbo , Park Beomyeong , Cho Hyunbum , Sim Jaehoon , Jung Jaesug , Lee Hosang , Shin Seho , Kim Minsung , Choi Wonje , Lee Yisoo , Park Sumin , Oh Jiyong , Lee Yongjin , Lee Sangkuk , Lee Myunggi , Yi Sangyup , Chang Kyong‐Sok K.C. , Kwak Nojun , Park Jaeheung
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the technical approaches used and experimental results obtained by Team SNU (Seoul National University) at the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) Finals. Team SNU is one of the newly qualified teams, unlike 12 teams who previously participated in the December 2013 DRC Trials. The hardware platform THORMANG, which we used, has been developed by ROBOTIS. THORMANG is one of the smallest robots at the DRC Finals. Based on this platform, we focused on developing software architecture and controllers in order to perform complex tasks in disaster response situations and modifying hardware modules to maximize manipulability. Ensuring stability and modularization are two main keywords in the technical approaches of the architecture. We designed our interface and controllers to achieve a higher robustness level against disaster situations. Moreover, we concentrated on developing our software architecture by integrating a number of modules to eliminate software system complexity and programming errors. With these efforts on the hardware and software, we successfully finished the competition without falling, and we ranked 12th out of 23 teams. This paper is concluded with a number of lessons learned by analyzing the 2015 DRC Finals.
Estimating personalized diagnostic rules depending on individualized characteristics
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Yuanjia , Huang Chaorui , Zeng Donglin
Published: December 2016

There is an increasing demand for personalization of disease screening based on assessment of patient risk and other characteristics. For example, in breast cancer screening, advanced imaging technologies have made it possible to move away from ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ screening guidelines to targeted risk‐based screening for those who are in need. Because diagnostic performance of various imaging modalities may vary across subjects, applying the most accurate modality to the patients who would benefit the most requires personalized strategy. To address these needs, we propose novel machine learning methods to estimate personalized diagnostic rules for medical screening or diagnosis by maximizing a weighted combination of sensitivity and specificity across subgroups of subjects. We first develop methods that can be applied when competing modalities or screening strategies that are observed on the same subject (paired design). Next, we present methods for studies where not all subjects receive both modalities (unpaired design). We study theoretical properties including consistency and risk bound of the personalized diagnostic rules and conduct simulation studies to examine performance of the proposed methods. Lastly, we analyze data collected from a brain imaging study of Parkinson's disease using positron emission tomography and diffusion tensor imaging with paired and unpaired designs. Our results show that in some cases, a personalized modality assignment is estimated to improve empirical area under the receiver operating curve compared with a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ assignment strategy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrostatic Assembly Guided Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon‐Nanodots@BaSO4 Hybrid Phosphors with Improved Stability
Authors: Zhou Ding , Zhai Yuechen , Qu Songnan , Li Di , Jing Pengtao , Ji Wenyu , Shen Dezhen , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: December 2016

Carbon nanodots (CNDs)@BaSO4 hybrid phosphors are fabricated in an easy and low‐cost process by sequentially assembling Ba2+ and SO42− ions onto the surface of carbon nanodots through electrostatic attraction. CNDs act as the nucleus to attract these reactive ions and provide the luminescent centers in the hybrid phosphors. This strategy is versatile for a variety of negatively charged CNDs with different emission colors. The advantage of the resultant hybrid phosphors is that their luminescence exhibits excellent thermal and photostability, as well as remarkable resistance to strong acid/alkali and common organic solvents. These merits allow for the fabrication of CNDs‐based light‐emitting diodes using the CNDs@BaSO4 hybrid phosphors as a color conversion layer.
A Droplet‐Based High‐Throughput SERS Platform on a Droplet‐Guiding‐Track‐Engraved Superhydrophobic Substrate
Authors: Shin Sera , Lee Jaehong , Lee Sanggeun , Kim Hyunchul , Seo Jungmok , Kim Dayeong , Hong Juree , Lee Soonil , Lee Taeyoon
Published: December 2016

A novel droplet‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for high‐throughput real‐time SERS monitoring is presented. The developed sensors are based on a droplet‐guiding‐track‐engraved superhydrophobic substrate covered with hierarchical SERS‐active Ag dendrites. The droplet‐guiding track with a droplet stopper is designed to manipulate the movement of a droplet on the superhydrophobic substrate. The superhydrophobic Ag dendritic substrates are fabricated through a galvanic displacement reaction and subsequent self‐assembled monolayer coating. The optimal galvanic reaction time to fabricate a SERS‐active Ag dendritic substrate for effective SERS detection is determined, with the optimized substrate exhibiting an enhancement factor of 6.3 × 105. The height of the droplet stopper is optimized to control droplet motion, including moving and stopping. Based on the manipulation of individual droplets, the optimized droplet‐based real‐time SERS sensor shows high resistance to surface contaminants, and droplets containing rhodamine 6G, Nile blue A, and malachite green are successively controlled and detected without spectral interference. This noble droplet‐based SERS sensor reduces sample preparation time to a few seconds and increased detection rate to 0.5 µL s−1 through the simple operation mechanism of the sensor. Accordingly, our sensor enables high‐throughput real‐time molecular detection of various target analytes for real‐time chemical and biological monitoring.
Bionanofiber Assisted Decoration of Few‐Layered MoSe2 Nanosheets on 3D Conductive Networks for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lai Feili , Yong Dingyu , Ning Xueliang , Pan Bicai , Miao Yue‐E , Liu Tianxi
Published: December 2016

Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, its properties are still confined due to the limited active sites and poor conductivity. Thus, it remains a great challenge to synergistically achieve structural and electronic modulations for MoSe2‐based HER catalysts because of the contradictory relationship between these two characteristics. Herein, bacterial cellulose‐derived carbon nanofibers are used to assist the uniform growth of few‐layered MoSe2 nanosheets, which effectively increase the active sites of MoSe2 for hydrogen atom adsorption. Meanwhile, carbonized bacterial cellulose (CBC) nanofibers provide a 3D network for electrolyte penetration into the inner space and accelerate electron transfer as well, thus leading to the dramatically increased HER activity. In acidic media, the CBC/MoSe2 hybrid catalyst exhibits fast hydrogen evolution kinetics with onset overpotential of 91 mV and Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1, which is much more outstanding than both bulk MoSe2 aggregates and CBC nanofibers. Furthermore, the fast HER kinetics are well supported by theoretical calculations of density‐functional‐theory analysis with a low activation barrier of 0.08 eV for H2 generation. Hence, this work highlights an efficient solution to develop high‐performance HER catalysts by incorporating biotemplate materials, to simultaneously achieve increased active sites and conductivity.
Concordance in diagnostic testing for respiratory pathogens of bighorn sheep
Authors: Walsh Daniel P. , Cassirer E. Frances , Bonds Michael D. , Brown Daniel R. , Edwards William H. , Weiser Glen C. , Drew Mark L. , Briggs Robert E. , Fox Karen A. , Miller Michael W. , Shanthalingam Sudarvili , Srikumaran Subramaniam , Besser Thomas E.
Published: December 2016

Reliable diagnostic tests are essential for disease investigation and management. This is particularly true for diseases of free‐ranging wildlife where sampling is logistically difficult precluding retesting. Clinical assays for wildlife diseases frequently vary among laboratories because of lack of appropriate standardized commercial kits. Results of diagnostic testing may also be called into question when investigators report different etiologies for disease outbreaks, despite similar clinical and pathologic findings. To evaluate reliability of diagnostic testing for respiratory pathogens of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), we conducted a series of ring tests across 6 laboratories routinely involved in detection of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, Pasteurellaceae, lktA (the Pasteurellaceae gene encoding leukotoxin), and 3 reference laboratories. Consistency of results for replicate samples within laboratories was high (median agreement = 1.0). Agreement between laboratories was high for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of M. ovipneumoniae and culture isolation of Mannheimia spp. and Bibersteinia trehalosi (median agreement = 0.89–0.95, Kappa = 0.65–0.74), and lower for PCR detection of Mannheimia spp. lktA (median agreement = 0.58, Kappa = 0.12). Most errors on defined status samples were false negatives, suggesting test sensitivity was a greater problem than specificity. However, tests for M. haemolytica and lktA yielded some false positive results. Despite differences in testing protocols, median agreement among laboratories and correct classification of controls for most agents was ≥0.80, meeting or exceeding the standard required by federal proficiency testing programs. This information is valuable for interpreting test results, laboratory quality assessments, and advancing diagnosis of respiratory disease in wild sheep. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Novel Copper(I) Clusters with 2‐(Diphenylphosphanyl)anilide Ligands. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [Cu6X2(NHR)4] (X = Cl, Br, I; R = C6H4‐2‐PPh2)
Authors: Liebing Phil , Freudenberg Jan , Heiser Christian , Merzweiler Kurt
Published: December 2016

Treatment of copper(I) halides CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) with lithium 2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)anilide [Li(HL)] in THF led to the formation of hexanuclear copper(I) complexes [Cu6X2(HL)4] [X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3)]. In compounds 1–3, the copper atoms are in a distorted octahedral arrangement and the amide ligands adopt a μ3‐κP,κ2N bridging mode. Additionally there are two μ2‐bridging halide ligands. Each of the [Cu6X2(HL)4] clusters comprises two copper atoms, which are surrounded by two amide nitrogen atoms in an almost linear coordination [Cu–N: 186.2(3)–188.0(3) pm] and four copper atoms, which are connected to an amide N atom, a P atom, and a halogen atom in a distorted trigonal planar fashion [Cu–N: 199.6(3)–202.3(3) pm)].