bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiles of maternal origin factors during transition from embryonic diapause to implantation in roe deer
Authors: Korzekwa Anna J. , Kotlarczyk Angelika M. , Zadroga Anna
Published: September 2019

The aim was to evaluate in female roe deer: (a) PAG mRNA relative abundance in endometrial uterine tissue for determination of the duration of embryonic diapause, (b) mRNA relative abundance of progesterone, estradiol, and prolactin (P4, E2, and PRL) receptors (PGR, ESR, and PRLR) during diapause and after implantation in the endometrium; (c) concentration of P4, E2, and PRL in the blood, and (d) a noninvasive method of hormone detection by measurement of P4 and E2 concentrations in feces. A total of fifteen individuals were obtained post mortem during hunting seasons and divided into three experimental groups (November, December, January). The results did not reveal mRNA relative abundance for PAGs in the endometrium or detectable PAG concentrations in the serum of all examined females. Concentration of PRL and mRNA relative abundance for PRLR long isoform in the endometrium was the highest in January (p < .01). mRNA relative abundance for PGR, P4 concentration in the endometrium, serum, and feces was the highest in January (p < .01). Endometrial origin PRL and P4 may be responsible for the termination of this process and pregnancy development after implantation.
NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 promotes tumor progression via its interacting partner RPL6 in gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Gao Yuan , Wang Zheng , Zhu Yidi , Zhu Qin , Yang Yang , Jin Yunpeng , Zhang Fei , Jiang Lin , Ye Yuanyuan , Li Huaifeng , Zhang Yichi , Liang Haibin , Xiang Shanshan , Miao Huijie , Liu Yingbin , Hao Yajuan
Published: September 2019

NOP2/Sun domain family, member 2 (NSUN2) is a nuclear RNA methyl‐transferase catalyzing 5‐methylcytosine formation. Evidence shows that NSUN2 is correlated with cell unlimited proliferation. However, its functional role in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), which is the most common biliary tract malignancy and has a poor prognosis, remains to be determined. Here we found that NSUN2 was highly expressed in GBC tissues as well as cell lines. NSUN2 silencing repressed GBC cell proliferation and tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, upregulation of NSUN2 enhanced GBC cell growth and colony formation. We further discovered that RPL6 was a closely interacting partner with NSUN2. Silencing RPL6 resulted in insufficient NSUN2 translational level and accumulative NSUN2 transcriptional level. Exogenous expression of NSUN2 partially rescued the effect of RPL6 in gallbladder cancer progression. Taken together, our data provided novel mechanic insights into the function of NSUN2 in GBC, thus pointing to NSUN2 as a potential and effective therapeutic approach to GBC treatment.
Progressive Refinement Imaging
Authors: Kluge M. , Weyrich T. , Kolb A.
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a novel technique for progressive online integration of uncalibrated image sequences with substantial geometric and/or photometric discrepancies into a single, geometrically and photometrically consistent image. Our approach can handle large sets of images, acquired from a nearly planar or infinitely distant scene at different resolutions in object domain and under variable local or global illumination conditions. It allows for efficient user guidance as its progressive nature provides a valid and consistent reconstruction at any moment during the online refinement process.

Our approach avoids global optimization techniques, as commonly used in the field of image refinement, and progressively incorporates new imagery into a dynamically extendable and memory‐efficient Laplacian pyramid. Our image registration process includes a coarse homography and a local refinement stage using optical flow. Photometric consistency is achieved by retaining the photometric intensities given in a reference image, while it is being refined. Globally blurred imagery and local geometric inconsistencies due to, e.g. motion are detected and removed prior to image fusion.

We demonstrate the quality and robustness of our approach using several image and video sequences, including handheld acquisition with mobile phones and zooming sequences with consumer cameras.
Feasibility of early activation after cochlear implantation
Authors: Sun Chuan‐Hung , Chang Chan‐Jung , Hsu Chuan‐Jen , Wu Hung‐Pin
Published: September 2019

Objectives

The purpose of the study is to investigate feasibility of early activation after cochlear implantation by evaluating long‐term impedance change and speech perception.

Design

Case‐control study

Setting

Between July 2015 and December 2016, we prospectively enrolled 20 subjects for early activation (within 24 hours after cochlear implantation). On the other hand, from November 2013 to July 2015, 20 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects from the database of cochlear implantees treated with conventional activation schedule (4 weeks after surgery) were retrospectively enrolled.

Participant

Forty patients who underwent cochlear implantation surgeries.

Main outcome measures

The series impedance and speech perception score of both groups were compared.

Results

No statistical difference in long‐term follow‐up between the two groups was found using GEEs and multivariate analysis. In the early activation group, impedance reached a steady level by the 2nd postoperative week, and the hearing perception ability significantly improved by the 4th postoperative week.

Conclusion

This comparative study illustrated sequential impedance data during early activation (24 hours) and conventional activation (4 weeks) after CI surgery. There were no major complications in either group, and the safety of early activation with respect to impedance changes, postoperative residual hearing preservation and speech perception scores were non‐inferior to that of the conventional group. Therefore, in this study, we established the feasibility of early activation 24 hours after cochlear implantation.
Effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors on serum alanine aminotransferase levels in people with type 2 diabetes: A multi‐institutional cohort study
Authors: Shao Shih‐Chieh , Chang Kai‐Cheng , Chien Rong‐Nan , Lin Swu‐Jane , Hung Ming‐Jui , Chan Yuk‐Ying , Kao Yang Yea‐Huei , Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng
Published: September 2019

Clinical trials have indicated that sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have a favourable effect on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but supporting evidence from real‐world studies is lacking. We identified patients with T2D who initiated SGLT2 inhibitors during the period 2016 to 2017 from Chang Gung Research Database, which covers 1.3 million individuals from seven hospitals (6% of the Taiwan population). We classified patients by baseline ALT level and evaluated changes in ALT values from baseline to 1 year after initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors. We identified 11 690 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors with a mean (SD) age of 59.3 (11.8) years. The mean (SD) glycated haemoglobin and ALT levels were 8.9 (1.7)% and 34.7 (28.9) U/L at baseline, respectively. The mean change in ALT levels was −5.0 U/L (95% confidence interval [CI] –6.4, −3.5) 1 year after initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors. In patients with ALT levels ≤1× the upper limit of normal (ULN), the change in ALT levels was 1.6 U/L (95% CI –0.1, 3.4), while in those with ALT levels >1× ULN, the change in ALT levels was −26.5 U/L (95% CI –28.6, −24.3). The higher the baseline ALT level, the greater the decline after SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. Our findings suggest the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors for T2D management could improve serum ALT levels in clinical practice, particularly in patients with especially high ALT levels.
Intensive glucose‐lowering and the risk of vascular events and premature death in patients with decreased kidney function: The ADVANCE trial
Authors: Ohkuma Toshiaki , Zoungas Sophia , Jun Min , Lisheng Liu , Mancia Giuseppe , Marre Michel , Rodgers Anthony , Williams Bryan , Woodward Mark , Chalmers John ,   on behalf of the ADVANCE Collaborative Group
Published: September 2019

To assess the effects of intensive glucose control on the risk of major clinical outcomes according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Of 11 140 ADVANCE trial participants, 11 096 with baseline eGFR measurements were included, and classified into three eGFR groups: ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2; 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m2; and < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Relative risk reduction of randomized intensive glucose control with regard to the composite outcome of major macro‐ and microvascular events, all‐cause death and cardiovascular death did not significantly vary by eGFR level (P for heterogeneity ≥0.49). The risk of severe hypoglycaemia increased with intensive glucose control; however, this risk did not vary across eGFR groups (P for heterogeneity = 0.83). The risk–benefit profile of intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired kidney function appears similar to that observed in those with preserved kidney function.
Applications of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for soil analysis, part I: Review of fundamentals and chemical and physical properties
Authors: Villas‐Boas Paulino R. , Franco Marco A. , Martin‐Neto Ladislau , Gollany Hero T. , Milori Debora M. B. P.
Published: September 2019

Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become a prominent analytical technique in recent years for real‐time characterization of soil properties. However, only a few studies of soil chemical and physical properties have been reported using LIBS until recently. The aims of this article are to: (a) provide the basic principles of LIBS for soil analysis and (b) present the use of LIBS for the analysis of soil pH, soil texture and the humification degree of soil organic matter (SOM). The second article will cover soil classification and soil elemental analysis, including plant nutrients, carbon (C) and toxic elements. LIBS is a multi‐element analytical technique based on atomic spectroscopy that employs a high‐energy laser pulse focused onto a sample surface to create a transient plasma. It is a spectroscopic analytical technique that requires very little or no sample preparation, examines each sample in seconds, and offers a flexible platform for the examination of a broad array of elements in the sample. LIBS also can be used to infer soil chemical and physical properties if a relationship exists between the chemical composition and the soil properties. With proper calibration, LIBS has a great potential for real‐time in‐field soil analysis and precision farming that could lead to improved soil management and agricultural production, and reduced agricultural environmental impacts.

Highlights

Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast, multi‐element analytical technique with great potential for soil characterization.

Basic principles of LIBS and general description of its use for soil analysis are provided.

Soil chemical and physical characterization by LIBS are reviewed and compared to other techniques.

LIBS advantages, limitations and challenges are discussed for soil chemical and physical characterization.
Applications of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for soil characterization, part II: Review of elemental analysis and soil classification
Authors: Villas‐Boas Paulino R. , Franco Marco A. , Martin‐Neto Ladislau , Gollany Hero T. , Milori Debora M. B. P.
Published: September 2019

In‐field soil health assessments, including plant nutrients and toxic elements, are needed and could improve the sustainability of agriculture production. Among the available analytical techniques for these analyses, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become one of the most promising techniques for real‐time soil analysis at low cost and without the need for reagents. The first part of this two‐part review (Part I, Villas‐Boas, P.R., de Franco, M.A., Gollany, H.T., Martin‐Neto, L. & Milori, D.M.B.P. 2019. Applications of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for soil characterization, Part I: Review of Fundamentals and Chemical and Physical Properties.) in this issue focused on the fundamentals of LIBS for soil analysis and its use for soil chemical and physical characterization. Our objectives in this review article (Part II) are to review (a) the main applications of LIBS in the determination of soil carbon (C), nutrients and toxic elements, spatial elemental mapping, and (b) its use in soil classification. Traditional and more recent techniques will be compared to LIBS, considering their advantages and disadvantages. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy is a promising, versatile technique for detecting many elements in soil samples, requires little or no sample preparation, takes only a few seconds per sample, and has a low cost per sample compared to other techniques. However, overcoming matrix effects is a challenge for LIBS applications in soil analysis, because most studies are conducted with limited changes in the matrix. In spite of the limitation of matrix effects, a typical LIBS system has a limit of detection of 0.3, 0.6, 4, 7, 10, 18, 46 and 89 mg kg−1for Mo, Cu, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, K and Ca, respectively. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy holds potential for real‐time in‐field spatial elemental analysis of soils and practical applications in precision farming with proper calibration. This could lead to immediate diagnoses of contaminated soil and inefficient nutrient supplies and facilitate well‐informed soil management, increasing agricultural production while minimizing environmental impacts.

Highlights

Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast analytical technique with great potential for elemental mapping of soils.

Elemental analyses of soil and plants and soil classification by LIBS are reviewed.

Soil and rhizosphere spatial elemental analyses by LIBS are presented.

LIBS advantages, limitations and challenges are discussed for soil elemental analysis.
Evaluation of baits for trapping of Neotropical flower chafer beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Cetoniinae)
Authors: Correa César M. A. , Puker Anderson , Lara Marco A. , Rosa Cassiano S. , Korasaki Vanesca
Published: September 2019

The lack of a standardized protocol to efficiently capture flower chafer beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Cetoniinae) in the wild limits studies regarding the ecology of the group, as well as systematic collections seeking species surveys for taxonomic studies, especially in the Neotropical region. We investigate the efficiency of different baits to capture flower chafer beetles in the Brazilian Cerrado: (i) banana; (ii) banana + sugarcane juice; (iii) pineapple; (iv) pineapple + sugarcane juice; (v) sugarcane juice; or (vi) water (control). From January to December 2014, we sampled these beetles using a typical aerial fruit‐baited trap, every 15 days in ten sites of Brazilian Cerrado, in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Traps baited with banana + sugarcane juice, pineapple + sugarcane juice and sugarcane juice alone sampled the greatest species richness and abundance of flower chafer beetles when compared to the other baits used. Our results indicated the importance of sugarcane juice, either used in isolation or as a coadjutant in the fermentation process of the tested fruits for efficient sampling of flower chafer beetle biodiversity. Finally, studies that investigate the addition of other substances in the fermentation process of the fruits, as well as the attractiveness of other native or exotic fruits that are widely distributed in the Neotropical region, can advance our knowledge of sampling of these beetles.
Treatment using cannabidiol in a horse with mechanical allodynia
Authors: Ellis K. L. , Contino E. K.
Published: September 2019

A 4‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare was seen in the field by Colorado State University's Equine Sports Medicine Service for a 5‐week history of marked sensitivity to touch near the withers/shoulder region. On examination, the mare showed a marked adverse response to light touch over the caudal neck and withers region. Diagnostic imaging of the caudal neck, withers and shoulder region showed no significant abnormalities. Vital parameters, complete blood count and chemistry profile were also within normal limits, as was a reproductive ultrasound examination. The mare received dexamethasone, gabapentin, magnesium/vitamin E, prednisolone and aquapuncture with no improvement in clinical signs. The mare was then started on pure crystalline cannabidiol (250 mg by mouth twice daily), which resolved the clinical signs after 2 days.
Projecting marine species range shifts from only temperature can mask climate vulnerability
Authors: McHenry Jennifer , Welch Heather , Lester Sarah E. , Saba Vincent
Published: September 2019

Climate change is causing range shifts in many marine species, with implications for biodiversity and fisheries. Previous research has mainly focused on how species' ranges will respond to changing ocean temperatures, without accounting for other environmental covariates that could affect future distribution patterns. Here, we integrate habitat suitability modeling approaches, a high‐resolution global climate model projection, and detailed fishery‐independent and ‐dependent faunal datasets from one of the most extensively monitored marine ecosystems—the U.S. Northeast Shelf. We project the responses of 125 species in this region to climate‐driven changes in multiple oceanographic factors (e.g., ocean temperature, salinity, sea surface height) and seabed characteristics (i.e., rugosity and depth). Comparing model outputs based on ocean temperature and seabed characteristics to those that also incorporated salinity and sea surface height (proxies for primary productivity and ocean circulation features), we explored how an emphasis on ocean temperature in projecting species' range shifts can impact assessments of species' climate vulnerability. We found that multifactor habitat suitability models performed better in explaining and predicting species historical distribution patterns than temperature‐based models. We also found that multifactor models provided more concerning assessments of species' future distribution patterns than temperature‐based models, projecting that species' ranges will largely shift northward and become more contracted and fragmented over time. Our results suggest that using ocean temperature as a primary determinant of range shifts can significantly alter projections, masking species' climate vulnerability, and potentially forestalling proactive management.
Review: Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Chmiela Magdalena , Kupcinskas Juozas
Published: September 2019

In this review, we shall focus on the last year progression understanding the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection in the light of recent data related to adaptation of H pylori to the harsh acidic environment in the stomach, colonization of gastric mucosa via interaction with mucin 5 (MUC5AC) and other host cell receptors, the ability to form biofilm, interference with the host metabolic pathways, and induction of neuroimmune cross‐talk as well as downregulation of gastric barrier homeostasis and its consequences for the disease development. The role of the membrane vesicles of these bacteria has been emphasized as an important source of virulence factors. Furthermore, we shall describe molecular and functional studies on new aspects of VacA and CagA virulence, including the role of urease in the upregulation of VacA toxicity, an epithelial‐mesenchymal transition mediated by CagA, and the role of interaction of HopQ adhesin with carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) in CagA translocation into the host cells by the type IV secretion system (T4SS). The role of molecular mimicry between a common sequence (ATVLA) of H pylori heat shock protein (Hsp) B and human Hsp60 in the induction of potentially autoreactive antibodies is discussed. All these new data illustrate further progress in understanding H pylori pathogenicity and facilitate the search for new therapeutic targets as well as development of immunoprophylaxis methods based on new chimeric UreB and HpA proteins.
Review: Helicobacter: Inflammation, immunology, and vaccines
Authors: Lehours Philippe , Ferrero Richard L.
Published: September 2019

Chronic inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection is a critical factor in the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Central to this inflammation is the initiation of pro‐inflammatory signaling cascades within epithelial cells, in particular those mediated by two sensors of bacterial cell wall components, nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein 1 (NOD1) and alpha‐protein kinase 1 (ALPK1). H pylori is, however, also highly adept at mitigating inflammation in the host, thereby restricting tissue damage and favoring bacterial persistence. H pylori modulates host immune responses by altering cytokine signaling in epithelial and myeloid cells, which results in increased proliferation of regulatory T cells and downregulation of effector T‐cell responses. H pylori vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) has been shown to play an important role in the dampening of immune responses and induction of immune tolerance capable of protecting against asthma. It is also possible to generate protective immune responses by immunization with various H pylori antigens or their epitopes, in combination with an adjuvant, though this for now has only been shown in mouse models. Novel non‐toxic adjuvants, consisting of modified bacterial enterotoxins or nanoparticles, have recently been developed that may not only enhance vaccine efficacy, but also help translate candidate vaccines to the clinic. This review will summarize the main discoveries in the past year regarding host immune responses to H pylori infection, as well as the design of new vaccine approaches against this infection.
Development and use of Viking Age swords
Authors: Petri Ingo
Published: September 2019

In the literature about swords, their use has predominantly not been analysed. This article tries to reconstruct some aspects of the use of Viking Age swords from Northern and Eastern Europe. The reconstruction is based on biomechanics, martial arts principles, late medieval fencing books and other written sources, depictions, and material culture, primarily well‐preserved swords. As swords are specialised tools for combat, their design is determined by their function. So by carefully analysing the design, conclusions can be drawn about one of their primary functions, their use in combat. The hilts of Viking Age swords from Northern and Eastern Europe are designed in a way that the pommels are most likely not the end of the handle but a component of it. The blades may be used for thrusting and cutting. The analyses of the distribution of the effective mass and of the pivot points of a sword show that using a sword for delivering powerful chopping/hacking blows is very ineffective; swords are most probably optimised for winding actions.
Fermentation of Chortan (heated strained yoghurt) by Lactobacillus helveticus: sonication treatment and biological activities
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Gholamhosseinpour Aliakbar
Published: September 2019

In the present study, the effects of continuous and pulsed ultrasound (100 W, 30 kHz, 25–75% amplitudes for 30 min) and fermentation process (37°C for 24 h) by Lactobacillus helveticus PTCC 1332 on biological activities of Chortan were investigated. The obtained results showed that fermentation enhanced protease content (36.27% (neutral), 37.57% (acid), 39.28% (alkaline) protease), peptide concentration (45.27%) and antioxidant activity (33.69% (DPPH), 132.85% (ABTS)) of samples compared to unfermented ones. Additionally, an increase in ultrasound amplitude (except for continuous at 75%) promoted the protease enzymes, peptides and radical scavenging activity of the fermented and unfermented samples. Our results indicated that the ultrasound and fermentation treatments complemented each other. Depending on the experimental conditions, the effect of continuous ultrasound on samples was sometimes lower, sometimes similar and sometimes higher than that of pulsed treatment. Therefore, selection of an appropriate ultrasound mode and amplitude can improve the biological activity of Chortan.
In situ monitoring of the biocatalysed partial hydrolysis of cocoa butter and palm oil fraction
Authors: Stöbener Anne , Fabuel Ortega Mario , Bolten Christoph J. , Ananta Edwin , Nalur Shantha , Liese Andreas
Published: September 2019

Partial glycerides are widely used ingredients in confectionery products that can be produced from natural fats. In a biocatalytic partial hydrolysis of cocoa butter and palm oil fractions, a product mixture containing 1.5% monoglycerides and 5.5% diglycerides intended for the use in confectionery products was created. This study is a proof of principle that shows the feasibility of monitoring the biocatalytic partial hydrolysis of these two natural fats in situ with ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. An economic approach was utilised for calibration since partial glyceride calibration standards are costly and poorly available. The released compounds were quantified by means of chemometric modelling, and the model was validated with gas chromatography. Resulting root mean square errors were in the low per cent range. Additionally, the results indicate that distinction of the released free fatty acids is possible with ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy.
Frying oils with lower levels of saturated fatty acids induce less heterocyclic amine formation in meat floss (boiled, shredded and fried pork)
Authors: Pan Teng , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Bing Huei , Hui Teng , Zhang Dequan
Published: September 2019

Heterocyclic amines (HAs) as potent mutagens are formed in meat floss which is a boiled, shredded and fried traditional meat product. In this study, effects of frying oils (lard, soybean oil and palm oil) on the formation of HAs in meat floss during frying have been investigated. The results showed that the contents of Norharman, Harman, AαC and MeAαC in meat floss that treated with lard and palm oil were higher than soybean oil which contained less saturated fatty acids (P < 0.05). The contents of total HAs in meat floss that treated with palm oil at 150 °C and 180 °C were significantly higher than that treated with soybean oil and lard (P < 0.05). In conclusion, meat floss treated with soybean oil at 120 °C, 150 °C and 180 °C contained lowest levels of HAs and soybean oil could be used as lard substitution to produce healthy meat floss.
Performance evaluation of a new Stago® automated haemostasis analyser: The STA R Max® 2
Authors: Cupaiolo Roberto , Govaerts Danielle , Blauwaert Marine , Cauchie Philippe
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The STA R Max® 2 is a new coagulation analyser developed by Diagnostica Stago, able to perform clotting, chromogenic and immuno‐turbidimetric tests. A pre‐analytical module build into the cap‐piercing needle performs the sample integrity verification (sample tube filling and measurement of haemolysis, icterus, lipaemia). The STA R Max® 2 analyser incorporates an accreditation program tools to assist technical validation of the analyser. We assessed the analytical performance of the STA R Max® 2.

Materials and methods

The following tests were assessed: prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, factor V (FV), antithrombin (AT), D‐dimers (DDI) and von Willebrand factor antigen. The assay precisions were assessed using fresh plasma samples or internal quality controls. An inter‐analyser comparison was performed with a STA‐R Evolution® analyser or, for the FV, with a BCS® XP System. Haemolysis and icterus detection were also verified.

Results

For the intra‐assay precision, the coefficients of variation (CV%) were all less than 5% and for DDI, the standard deviation (SD) was less than 0.1. For the inter‐assay study, all CV% were less than 5%, with the exception of FV and AT (FV: 6.68% and 5.27%; AT: 7% and 12.14% for normal and pathological values, respectively). SD was less than 0.1 for DDI. The inter‐analyser comparison demonstrated good results. Haemolysis and icterus were detected correctly for all our assessed samples.

Conclusion

According to our methods validation's recommendations, the results demonstrated a good technical and analytical performance of the STA R Max® 2 analysers for the tests assessed.
Evidence‐informed policymaking: Modelling nurses' career pathway from registered nurse to advanced practice nurse
Authors: Jokiniemi Krista , Suutarla Anna , Meretoja Riitta , Kotila Jaana , Axelin Anna , Flinkman Mervi , Heikkinen Katja , Fagerström Lisbeth
Published: September 2019

Aim

To formulate, validate, and disseminate policy, modelling nurses' career pathway from registered to advanced practice nurse.

Method

The evidence‐informed policy and practice pathway framework was utilized. Multiple methods were used, including scoping review of literature, consultation of key informants, survey study, and expert group round‐table discussions during 5‐year project between 2013 and 2018.

Results

Through (a) sourcing, (b) using, and (c) implementing the evidence, the expert group worked systematically to formulate a policy on a career pathway from registered to advanced practice nurse. The formulated career pathway includes three competence levels: registered nurse, specialized nurse, and advanced practice nurse, which includes the roles of nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist. In addition, validation and dissemination of the policy, as well as its effective implementation and the process of integrating it into practice, were examined.

Conclusion

Evidence‐informed policymaking is an effective, interactive way to work collaboratively in achieving consensus and translating knowledge into practice. The formulated policy will contribute to the increased awareness, acknowledgement, and implementation of the registered nurses' traditional and new roles within health care environments. Implementing and integrating the policy in national health care policy, legislation, education, and organizations across the country is a work in progress.
Autologous administration of adipose stromal cells improves skin flap survival through neovascularization: An experimental study
Authors: Foroglou Pericles , Demiri Efterpi , Koliakos George , Karathanasis Vasileios
Published: September 2019

One of the most severe complications in aesthetic and reconstructive surgeries is the partial or total necrosis of a skin flap. In our experimental study, we demonstrated the use of adipose‐derived stem cells in the increase of skin flap survival rates. Stem cells were isolated from the fat of Wistar rats and genetically modified to permanently produce a green fluorescent protein (GFP). Two random‐pattern skin flaps (2 cm × 8 cm) were elevated on the dorsal area of the spine, and after being separated from the surgical wounds with a thin silicone sheet, they were placed back onto their original location. Then, the autologous GFP‐producing cells were injected intradermally into the dorsal area of the rats. At the seventh day, after the implantation of the stem cells, a clinical and immunohistochemical control was performed. The fluorescence microscopy revealed green vascular formations, suggesting that autologous GFP stromal cells were converted into endothelial cells through neovascularization. In the control skin flaps, where no stromal cells were used, no fluorescence was observed. The statistical analysis showed significantly lower necrosis rates in the right‐sided flaps (i.e., the flaps where adipose‐derived stromal cells were injected) compared with the left‐sided ones. Findings from our study demonstrate that adipose‐derived stem cells play an important role in the improvement of skin flap survival. Neovascularization is an effective way of achieving it.
Sustainable Supply Chains in the Age of AI and Digitization: Research Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Sanders Nada R. , Boone Tonya , Ganeshan Ram , Wood John D.
Published: September 2019

Sustainability has become a global corporate mandate with implementation impacted by two key trends. The first is recognition that global supply chains have a profound impact on sustainability which requires “greening” the entire supply chain. The second is technology—digitization, artificial intelligence (AI), and “big data”—which have become ubiquitous. These technologies are impacting every aspect of how companies organize and manage their supply chains and have a powerful impact on sustainability. In this essay, we synthesize current dominant themes in research on sustainable supply chains in the age of digitization. We also highlight potential new research opportunities and challenges and showcase the papers in our STF.
Pathways between early‐life adversity and adolescent self‐harm: the mediating role of inflammation in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Russell Abigail Emma , Heron Jon , Gunnell David , Ford Tamsin , Hemani Gibran , Joinson Carol , Moran Paul , Relton Caroline , Suderman Matthew , Mars Becky
Published: September 2019

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as physical and emotional abuse are strongly associated with self‐harm, but mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. Inflammation has been linked to both the experience of ACEs and self‐harm or suicide in prior research. This is the first study to examine whether inflammatory markers mediate the association between exposure to ACEs and self‐harm.

Methods

Participants were 4,308 young people from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population‐based birth cohort in the United Kingdom. A structural equation modelling approach was used to fit a mediation model with the number of ACEs experienced between ages 0 and 9 years old (yo), levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein measured at 9.5 yo, and self‐harm reported at 16 yo.

Results

The mean number of ACEs young people experienced was 1.41 (SE 0.03). Higher ACE scores were associated with an increased risk of self‐harm at 16 yo (direct effect relative risk (RR) per additional ACE 1.11, 95% CI 1.05, 1.18, p < 0.001). We did not find evidence of an indirect effect of ACEs on self‐harm via inflammation (RR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00, 1.01, p = 0.38).

Conclusions

Young people who have been exposed to ACEs are a group at high risk of self‐harm. The association between ACEs and self‐harm does not appear to be mediated by an inflammatory process in childhood, as indexed by peripheral levels of circulating inflammatory markers measured in childhood. Further research is needed to identify alternative psychological and biological mechanisms underlying this relationship.
Item Calibration Methods With Multiple Subscale Multistage Testing
Authors: Wang Chun , Chen Ping , Jiang Shengyu
Published: September 2019

Many large‐scale educational surveys have moved from linear form design to multistage testing (MST) design. One advantage of MST is that it can provide more accurate latent trait (θ) estimates using fewer items than required by linear tests. However, MST generates incomplete response data by design; hence, questions remain as to how to calibrate items using the incomplete data from MST design. Further complication arises when there are multiple correlated subscales per test, and when items from different subscales need to be calibrated according to their respective score reporting metric. The current calibration‐per‐subscale method produced biased item parameters, and there is no available method for resolving the challenge. Deriving from the missing data principle, we showed when calibrating all items together the Rubin's ignorability assumption is satisfied such that the traditional single‐group calibration is sufficient. When calibrating items per subscale, we proposed a simple modification to the current calibration‐per‐subscale method that helps reinstate the missing‐at‐random assumption and therefore corrects for the estimation bias that is otherwise existent. Three mainstream calibration methods are discussed in the context of MST, they are the marginal maximum likelihood estimation, the expectation maximization method, and the fixed parameter calibration. An extensive simulation study is conducted and a real data example from NAEP is analyzed to provide convincing empirical evidence.
Comparison of quality aspects and energy consumption of restructured taro and potato chips under three drying methods
Authors: Hnin Kay Khaing , Zhang Min , Li Zhong , Wang Bin
Published: September 2019

Due to a high variety of health effects, nutritive snacks based on carbohydrate and dietary fibers are receiving growing attention in snack food production. The restructured chips were prepared by mixing of rose powder and other ingredients into restructured taro (TR) and potato (PR). Restructured (TR) and (PR) chips were dried using freeze‐drying (FD), infrared radiation drying (IRD), and hybrid infrared‐assisted freeze‐drying (IRFD) in this study. Investigation of three drying methods in terms of the main quality parameters, namely color, odor, texture, water activity, expansion ratio (ER), and bulk density as well as other quality aspects and energy consumption of two kinds of chips were compared. FD took the highest energy consumption and longest processing time together with the lowest drying rate among them. IRFD chips had the lowest water activity (aw), the total color difference (ΔE), and the highest overall acceptability score of sensory evaluation among them. IRFD had higher crispness and lower energy consumption than FD alone. Moreover, there were no significant differences in crispness between IRFD and commercial chips. IRFD chips contributed better product quality over IRD chips. Results of this work showed that IRFD method has the potential to keep high‐quality aspects for dried restructured chips with saving energy consumption.

Practical applications

Infrared‐assisted freeze‐drying (IRFD) can save 25–29% of drying time and 43–46% of the total energy consumption in comparison of FD with keeping high‐quality aspects and better product quality than IRD. IRFD method is a novel method for making food products with better color, maintains high‐quality, and less drying time. The research found that hybrid IRFD can produce high‐quality aspects as well as save time and energy consumption for large‐scale industrial production of restructured chips and various food products.
Peptidase neurolysin functions to preserve the brain after ischemic stroke in male mice
Authors: Jayaraman Srinidhi , Al Shoyaib Abdullah , Kocot Joanna , Villalba Heidi , Alamri Faisal F. , Rashid Mamoon , Wangler Naomi J. , Chowdhury Ekram A. , German Nadezhda , Arumugam Thiruma V. , Abbruscato Thomas J. , Karamyan Vardan T.
Published: September 2019

Previous studies documented up‐regulation of peptidase neurolysin (Nln) after brain ischemia, however, the significance of Nln function in the post‐stroke brain remained unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the functional role of Nln in the brain after ischemic stroke. Administration of a specific Nln inhibitor Agaricoglyceride A (AgaA) to mice after stroke in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model, dose‐dependently aggravated injury measured by increased infarct and edema volumes, blood–brain barrier disruption, increased levels of interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, neurological and motor deficit 24 h after stroke. In this setting, AgaA resulted in inhibition of Nln in the ischemic hemisphere leading to increased levels of Nln substrates bradykinin, neurotensin, and substance P. AgaA lacked effects on several physiological parameters and appeared non‐toxic to mice. In a reverse approach, we developed an adeno‐associated viral vector (AAV2/5‐CAG‐Nln) to overexpress Nln in the mouse brain. Applicability of AAV2/5‐CAG‐Nln to transduce catalytically active Nln was confirmed in primary neurons and in vivo. Over‐expression of Nln in the mouse brain was also accompanied by decreased levels of its substrates. Two weeks after in vivo transduction of Nln using the AAV vector, mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and the same outcome measures were evaluated 72 h later. These experiments revealed that abundance of Nln in the brain protects animals from stroke. This study is the first to document functional significance of Nln in pathophysiology of stroke and provide evidence that Nln is an endogenous mechanism functioning to preserve the brain from ischemic injury.

image
Effect of alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides) cell culture extract on wound healing repair in a human keratinocyte cell line
Authors: Carvajal Felipe , Duran Catherine , Aquea Felipe
Published: September 2019

Background

Fitzroya cupressoides, commonly known as alerce, is an endemic conifer unique to southern South America. Alerce wood is renowned for its durability and resistance to biological degradation due to the presence of a particular class of secondary metabolite. Alerce extracts have been used in traditional medicine for different skin lesion treatments.

Aims

To develop a cell culture system to produce alerce extract and evaluate its cytotoxicity and effects on in vitro wound healing.

Methods

Cell cultures and aqueous extracts were prepared from alerce needles. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in keratinocytes (HaCaT line) and melanocites (C32 line) using the XTT assay. Wound healing was assayed with the scratch test in HaCaT cells, using mitomycin C to evaluate the role of cell division in the wound closure.

Results

Alerce cell culture extract has a significant effect on wound healing at different concentrations. No positive effects on the viability of normal and cancerous skin cells were observed. These results suggest that alerce extracts stimulate cell division in human skin epidermal cells in the context of wound repair.

Conclusions

Bioactive compounds extracted from alerce cell cultures show promise as ingredients in dermocosmetic formulations, but further clinical studies are required to support these findings at the tissue level.
Case report of massive hemoptysis in pregnancy requiring veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Stiff Alyssa , Harrison Rachel , Palatnik Anna
Published: September 2019

Hemoptysis in pregnancy is rare and can be life‐threatening. This case describes management of hemoptysis in pregnancy requiring veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO). The patient presented with massive hemoptysis in respiratory failure at 26 weeks gestation. VV‐ECMO was utilized for maternal stability due to severe hypoxia from lung parenchymal damage. An extensive work‐up for hemoptysis returned negative except for an elevated Bordetella pertussis IgG antibody. The patient was delivered via cesarean section with a complicated post‐partum course. She and the infant were discharged in stable condition after long hospital stays. Prior publications describing VV‐ECMO use in pregnancy are limited to treatment of respiratory infections such as influenza or pneumonia. This case is the first in the literature to describe VV‐ECMO utilization for hemoptysis in pregnancy, specifically, and demonstrates its significant benefit in cases of respiratory failure due to hemoptysis.
Development of a new mortality scoring system for acute kidney injury with continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Kim Yaerim , Park Nanhee , Kim Jayoun , Kim Dong Ki , Chin Ho Jun , Na Ki Young , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Kim Sejoong , Han Seung Seok
Published: September 2019

Aim

On the basis of the worst outcomes of patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in intensive care unit, previously developed mortality prediction model, Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) needs to be modified.

Methods

A total of 828 patients who underwent CRRT were recruited. Mortality prediction model was developed for the prediction of death within 7 days after starting the CRRT. Based on regression analysis, modified scores were assigned to each variable which were originally used in the APACHE II and SOFA scoring models. Additionally, a new abbreviated Mortality Scoring system for AKI with CRRT (MOSAIC) was developed after stepwise selection analysis.

Results

We used all the variables included in the APACHE II and SOFA scoring models. The prediction powers indicated by C‐statistics were 0.686 and 0.683 for 7‐day mortality by the APACHE II and SOFA systems, respectively. After modification of these models, the prediction powers increased up to 0.752 for the APACHE II and 0.724 for the SOFA systems. Using multivariate analysis, seven significant variables were selected in the MOSAIC model wherein its C‐statistic value was 0.772. These models also showed good performance with 0.720, 0.734 and 0.773 of C‐statistics in the modified APACHE II, modified SOFA and MOSAIC scoring models in the external validation cohort (n = 497).

Conclusion

The modified APACHE II/SOFA and newly developed MOSAIC models could be more useful tool for predicting mortality for patients receiving CRRT.
Phospho‐mutant activity assays provide evidence for alternative phospho‐regulation pathways of the transcription factor FER‐LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR
Authors: Gratz Regina , Brumbarova Tzvetina , Ivanov Rumen , Trofimov Ksenia , Tünnermann Laura , Ochoa‐Fernandez Rocio , Blomeier Tim , Meiser Johannes , Weidtkamp‐Peters Stefanie , Zurbriggen Matias D. , Bauer Petra
Published: September 2019

The key basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor in iron (Fe) uptake, FER‐LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT), is controlled by multiple signaling pathways, important to adjust Fe acquisition to growth and environmental constraints. FIT protein exists in active and inactive protein pools, and phosphorylation of serine Ser272 in the C‐terminus, a regulatory domain of FIT, provides a trigger for FIT activation.

Here, we use phospho‐mutant activity assays and study phospho‐mimicking and phospho‐dead mutations of three additional predicted phosphorylation sites, namely at Ser221 and at tyrosines Tyr238 and Tyr278, besides Ser 272.

Phospho‐mutations at these sites affect FIT activities in yeast, plant, and mammalian cells. The diverse array of cellular phenotypes is seen at the level of cellular localization, nuclear mobility, homodimerization, and dimerization with the FIT‐activating partner bHLH039, promoter transactivation, and protein stability. Phospho‐mimicking Tyr mutations of FIT disturb fit mutant plant complementation.

Taken together, we provide evidence that FIT is activated through Ser and deactivated through Tyr site phosphorylation. We therefore propose that FIT activity is regulated by alternative phosphorylation pathways.