bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФІЗІОТЕРАПЕВТИЧНА КОРЕКЦІЯ М’ЯЗОВОЇ ДИСФУНКЦІЇ У ХВОРИХ НА ОСТЕОАРТРОЗ
Authors: Voloshyna N. M. , Bakalyuk T. G.
Published: January 2016

У статті вивчено ефективність реабілітаційного лікування у хворих на остеоартроз колінних суглобів із включенням у лікувальний комплекс інтерференцтерапії та постізометричної релаксації для міокорекції та усунення патобіомеханічніх змін суглоба.
ДОГЛЯД ЗА ХВОРИМ З ІМПЛАНТОВАНОЮ СИСТЕМОЮ ПОСТІЙНОГО ВЕНОЗНОГО ДОСТУПУ (ПОРТОМ) ТА ВИКОНАННЯ МЕДИЧНИХ МАНІПУЛЯЦІЙ
Authors: Zaporozhets T. M.
Published: January 2016

У даній статті описано один із сучасних методів венозного доступу для інкурабельних хворих та наведено медсестринський алгоритм роботи та догляду за імплантованими системами постійного венозного доступу (портами).
РОЛЬ ВОЛОНТЕРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В ПОДОЛАННІ ДЕПРЕСИВНИХ СТАНІВ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ХОСПІСУ
Authors: Strubitska N. Y.
Published: January 2016

У статті досліджено рівень депресії в пацієнтів хоспісу та діяльність волонтерів при наявності депресивних станів у паліативних пацієнтів.
Вплив політравми на динаміку показників ліпідної пероксидації та ан- тиоксидантного захисту тканини кіркового шару нирки у тварин із хронічним гепатитом у ранній період травматичної хвороби
Authors: BLYZNIUK R. V. , HUDYMA А. A. , TSYTSYURA R. І.
Published: January 2016

В умовах політравми, модельованої на тлі хронічного гепатиту в ранній період травматичної хвороби, в кірковому шарі
нирок відмічається більша інтенсифікація ліпідної пероксидації, яка проявляється збільшенням вмісту ТБК-активних
продуктів ПОЛ, порівняно з контрольною групою і групою тварин без супутньої патології печінки. У кірковому шарі
нирки на тлі політравми і хронічного гепатиту відмічаються порушення ферментативної ланки антиоксидантного
захисту, що проявляється значним зростанням активності СОД до 3-ї доби з наступним зниженням до 7-ї, поступо-
вим зниженням активності каталази та величини АПІ до 7-ї доби, порівняно з тваринами без хронічного гепатиту, що
вказує на більше виснаження в цей термін механізмів антиоксидантного захисту в тканині нирки.
Роль порушення всмоктувальної функції тонкої кишки в патогенезі раннього періоду скелетної, черепно-мозкової та поєднаної травм
Authors: LEVCHUK R. D.
Published: January 2016

У статті вивчено особливості всмоктувальної функції тонкої кишки за тестом із D-ксилозою в ранній період (1–7 доби)
після моделювання скелетної, черепно-мозкової та поєднаної краніоскелетної травм. Встановлено, що нанесення різних
за локалізацією механічних травм супроводжується порушенням всмоктувальної функції тонкої кишки, проявляється
суттєвим зниженням вмісту D-ксилози в сечі, залежить від тяжкості пошкоджень і є більшим на тлі поєднаної
краніоскелетної травми через 1–3 доби посттравматичного періоду. Тривалість розладів всмоктувальної функції після
самої скелетної і черепно-мозкової травм нормалізується через 7 діб, що вказує на високі функціональні резерви тонкої
кишки. Після поєднаної травми в цей термін всмоктувальна функція тонкої кишки істотно покращується, проте не
досягає рівня контролю. Отримані результати націлюють на можливість раннього ентерального харчування після 3-ї
доби посттравматичного періоду, що потребує подальшого вивчення.
Сучасні підходи до лікування гнійних ран. Невирішені проблеми
Authors: SHAPRYNSKYI V. O. , SKALSKYI S. S. , PALAMARCHUK S. V. , SHAPRYNSKYI YE. V.
Published: January 2016

Комплексне лікування гнійних ран залишається однією з актуальних проблем хірургії. Незважаючи на значні досягнен-
ня сучасної фармакології, основним у лікуванні ран залишається хірургічний метод у поєднанні з місцевим лікуванням.
В свою чергу, ефективність лікування визначається чітким розумінням патогенезу, фазності ранового процесу, завдань,
які необхідно вирішити в кожній із фаз. Арсенал сучасних лікувальних методик дозволяє зробити індивідуальним
підхід до кожного з пацієнтів, враховуючи всі переваги та недоліки вибраного методу лікування, супутні та фонові за-
хворювання, наявність протипоказань. Відмова від шаблонів, застосування сучасних підходів, вологого ведення ран
покликані скоротити середні строки перебування хворого в стаціонарі, прискорити очищення рани та покращити
віддалені наслідки у хворих із гнійними ранами. Актуальним залишається пошук нових, ефективних та водночас про-
стих, ергономічних методів місцевого лікування ран.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF IMMUNE RESISTANCE OF HEALTHY AND SICK WITH PNEUMONIA CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE
Authors: Fedortsiv O. , Haliyash N. , Nykytyuk S.
Published: January 2016

Background. The universality of the general adaptation syndrome and the need to study the impact of general adaptive responses on the occurrence and consequences of pathological processes, as well as detection of early signs of disadaptation, have been proven by numerous works.
Objective. The aim of study was to explore the peculiarities of general non-specific adaptive reactions in pediatric population and to discuss the diagnostics effectiveness of general nonspecific adaptive reactions in early detection of health disorders in children of different age.
Methods. The paper presents the results of laboratory and clinical tests, conducted in 185 healthy children aged 4-12 years and 42 children of the same age with community-acquired pneumonia. The characteristics and prevalence of general nonspecific adaptative reactions in healthy children of different age were given. Determination of adverse adaptative reactions (stress, training and overactivation) based on analysis of the general blood analysis is an early diagnostic criterion of individual health reduction of children.
Results. The features of clinical course, the nature and direction of immune disorders of children with community-acquired pneumonia, depending on their adaptive systems, were revealed. The influence of conventional treatment regimens of children with pneumonia on the state of adaptation processes was determined. Clinical diagnostic criteria for prognosis and treatment efficacy based on diagnostics of nonspecific adaptive responses in the dynamic of pneumonia were established. The proportion of morphometrically different blood lymphocytes in healthy children was determined. It was revealed that the blood of preschool age children dominated with type I cells (61.3±1.7) %. The relative content of lymphocytes (morphological type II) (28.7±1.6) %, type III – (6.1±0.6)%, type IV – (3.9±0.6)% was observed.
Conclusions. General nonspecific adaptative reactions of mild and increased activation, as the most conducive to children’s age, demonstrate a balance of the relative content of different types of lymphocytes according to morphometrical data.

KEY WORDS: children, cell-mediated immunity, adaptive reactions, community-acquired pneumonia

 
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CD56 EXPRESSION IN ACUTE LEUKEMIAS
Authors: Ahmed B. M. , Kantoush N. A. , Ismail M. A. , Abd-El Haleem D. A.
Published: January 2016

Background. CD56 expression was extensively investigated in cases of acute leukemia. Many studies associated it with short overall survival, unfavorable outcome, lower rates or short complete remission, however the results remain controversial.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and prognostic relevance of CD56 expression in patients with acute leukemia and to compare its value with other standard prognostic factors, such as age, gender, leukocytosis, morphologic subtypes, extramedullary invasion, cytogenetic abnormalities and performance status.
Methods. Forty cases of acute leukemia treated at Ain Shmas University hospitals were investigated. They were classified by the French-American-British group (FAB) criteria, flow cytometry, and cytogenetics data. They included twenty cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and twenty cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Results. CD56 positive expression was detected in nine cases of AML (45 %), and only in two patients with ALL (10 %). The highest incidence of CD56 positivity was in FAB subtypes M1 (35 %) and M2 (35 %).Association studies between CD56 expression and other prognostic factors in AML cases showed no significant association with age, gender, clinical presentation, hematological data or cytogenetic risk groups. Incidence of relapse was higher in AML patients expressing CD56 than those who did not (66.7 % vs 10 %, P=0.01). Higher death rates were encountered in AML cases with CD56 expression than those without (55.6 % vs 10 %, P=0.032).
Conclusions. CD56 antigenic expression in AML cases represents an adverse prognostic factor. It should be regularly investigated in cases of AML for better prognostic stratification and assessment.

KEY WORDS: CD56; leukemia, myeloid; prognosis
METHOD OF ONCOPLASTIC BREAST RESECTION
Authors: Galaychuk I. Y.
Published: January 2016

Background. In women with breast cancer the significant postop lateral deviation of the nipple-areola complex may occur if the partial breast resection with lymphadenectomy was performed through one-line straight incision from the middle axilla to the edge of areola.
Objective. To describe radical oncoplastic breast resection with avoiding of nipple-areola deviation and preservation of the symmetry of breasts.
Methods. The study included 16 women, age 32 to 67 years. Breast cancer at the stage I was found in 5 patients, stage IIA – in 4, stage IIB – in 2, and stage IIIA – in 5 patients. We proposed to use curved (broken line) incision with 120° angle instead of linear incision. Oncoplastic breast resection began with incision of skin and soft tissues in axilla, along the pectoral muscle downward to lateral contour of breast, and then direction was changed at an angle of 120° towards areola. The tumor projection was encircled by two semi-oval incisions, and then partial breast resection with axillary lymphadenectomy was done. After morphological confirmation of “clear” surgical margins the wound was sutured along the trajectory of the incision.
Results. All women rated the postop cosmetic result as “good” and “satisfactory”. The selected configuration of tissue incisions provided physiological position of the operated breast.
Conclusions. Method of “broken line” incision of skin and soft tissue at an angle of 120° allows performing the radical breast resection with axillary lymph node dissection and prevents postoperative lateral deviation of nipple-areola, and maintains symmetry of the breasts.

KEY WORDS: breast cancer, oncoplastic resection.
Establishing International Blood Pressure References Among Nonoverweight Children and Adolescents Aged 6 to 17 Years
Authors: Xi Bo , Zong Xin’nan , Kelishadi Roya , Hong Young Mi , Khadilkar Anuradha , Steffen Lyn M. , Nawarycz Tadeusz , Krzywińska-Wiewiorowska Małgorzata , Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer , Bovet Pascal , Chiolero Arnaud , Pan Haiyan , Litwin Mieczysław , Poh Bee Koon , Sung Rita Y.T. , So Hung-Kwan , Schwandt Peter , Haas Gerda-Maria , Neuhauser Hannelore K. , Marinov Lachezar , Galcheva Sonya V. , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Kim Hae Soon , Khadilkar Vaman , Krzyżaniak Alicja , Romdhane Habiba Ben , Heshmat Ramin , Chiplonkar Shashi , Stawińska-Witoszyńska Barbara , El Ati Jalila , Qorbani Mostafa , Kajale Neha , Traissac Pierre , Ostrowska-Nawarycz Lidia , Ardalan Gelayol , Parthasarathy Lavanya , Zhao Min , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2016

Background—

Several distributions of country-specific blood pressure (BP) percentiles by sex, age, and height for children and adolescents have been established worldwide. However, there are no globally unified BP references for defining elevated BP in children and adolescents, which limits international comparisons of the prevalence of pediatric elevated BP. We aimed to establish international BP references for children and adolescents by using 7 nationally representative data sets (China, India, Iran, Korea, Poland, Tunisia, and the United States).

Methods and Results—

Data on BP for 52 636 nonoverweight children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years were obtained from 7 large nationally representative cross-sectional surveys in China, India, Iran, Korea, Poland, Tunisia, and the United States. BP values were obtained with certified mercury sphygmomanometers in all 7 countries by using standard procedures for BP measurement. Smoothed BP percentiles (50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th) by age and height were estimated by using the Generalized Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape model. BP values were similar between males and females until the age of 13 years and were higher in males than females thereafter. In comparison with the BP levels of the 90th and 95th percentiles of the US Fourth Report at median height, systolic BP of the corresponding percentiles of these international references was lower, whereas diastolic BP was similar.

Conclusions—

These international BP references will be a useful tool for international comparison of the prevalence of elevated BP in children and adolescents and may help to identify hypertensive youths in diverse populations.
Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Vascular Hyperintensities–Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Mismatch Identifies Acute Stroke Patients Most Likely to Benefit From Recanalization
Authors: Legrand Laurence , Tisserand Marie , Turc Guillaume , Edjlali Myriam , Calvet David , Trystram Denis , Roca Pauline , Naggara Olivier , Mas Jean-Louis , Méder Jean-Francois , Baron Jean-Claude , Oppenheim Catherine
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensities (FVH) beyond the boundaries of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion (FVH-DWI mismatch) have been proposed as an alternative to perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI)-DWI mismatch. We aimed to establish whether FVH-DWI mismatch can identify patients most likely to benefit from recanalization.

Methods—

FVH-DWI mismatch was assessed in 164 patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion before intravenous thrombolysis. PWI-DWI mismatch (PWI
Tmax>6sec
/DWI>1.8) was assessed in the 104 patients with available PWI data. We tested the associations between 24-hours complete recanalization on magnetic resonance angiography and 3-month favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2), stratified on FVH-DWI (or PWI-DWI) status.

Results—

FVH-DWI mismatch was present in 121/164 (74%) patients and recanalization in 50/164 (30%) patients. The odds ratio for favorable outcome with recanalization was 16.2 (95% confidence interval, 5.7–46.5;
P
<0.0001) in patients with FVH-DWI mismatch and 2.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.6–12.1;
P
=0.22) in those without FVH-DWI mismatch (
P
=0.048 for interaction). Recanalization was associated with favorable outcome in patients with PWI-DWI mismatch (odds ratios, 9.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.1–31.3;
P
=0.0001) and in patients without PWI-DWI mismatch (odds ratios, 7.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–44.1;
P
=0.047),
P
=0.76 for interaction.

Conclusion—

The FVH-DWI mismatch may rapidly identify patients with proximal occlusion most likely to benefit from recanalization.
Association of Breakfast Intake With Incident Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiko , Iso Hiroyasu , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   The JPHC Study Group
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—

The association between breakfast intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, including stroke, among Asian people remains unknown. We sought to prospectively investigate whether the omission of breakfast is related to increased risks of stroke and coronary heart disease in general Japanese populations.

Methods—

A total of 82 772 participants (38 676 men and 44 096 women) aged 45 to 74 years without histories of cardiovascular disease or cancer were followed up from 1995 to 2010. Participants were classified as having breakfast 0 to 2, 3 to 4, 5 to 6, or 7 times/wk. The hazard ratios of cardiovascular disease were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results—

During the 1 050 030 person-years of follow-up, we documented a total of 4642 incident cases, 3772 strokes (1051 cerebral hemorrhages, 417 subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 2286 cerebral infarctions), and 870 coronary heart disease. Multivariable analysis showed that those consuming no breakfast per week compared with those consuming breakfast everyday had hazard ratios (95% confidence interval;
P
for trend) of 1.14 (1.01–1.27; 0.013) for total cardiovascular disease, 1.18 (1.04–1.34; 0.007) for total stroke, and 1.36 (1.10–1.70; 0.004) for cerebral hemorrhage. Similar results were observed even after exclusion of early cardiovascular events. No significant association between the frequency of breakfast intake and the risk of coronary heart disease was observed.

Conclusions—

The frequency of breakfast intake was inversely associated with the risk of stroke, especially cerebral hemorrhage in Japanese, suggesting that eating breakfast everyday may be beneficial for the prevention of stroke.
Alerting and message components of white-crowned sparrow song differ in structure and environmental transmission
Authors: Nelson Douglas A. , Szeyller Erica , Poesel Angelika
Published: January 2016

Signals that function over long distances, such as bird songs, must be detectable and discriminable from other signals by receivers despite being attenuated and degraded during environmental transmission. The acoustic design features that enhance detectability may conflict with those that enhance discriminability of different messages (e.g., the sender’s motivation or identity). The songs of many bird species begin with simple tonal notes, hypothesized to alert receivers to the following song parts. We describe structural differences in the songs of the Puget Sound white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis) and performed a transmission experiment to test if the whistle transmits differently than other song parts. As expected for an alerting component, the whistle phrases across different song types were highly similar, suffered less degradation when transmitted, and were produced at higher amplitude than the other two phrase types. These results suggest that in white-crowned sparrows alerting and message-bearing song phrases transmit differently.
Tropicoporus stratificans sp. nov. (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from southern Brazil
Authors: Coelho Gilberto , SILVEIRA ANDRESSA DE OLIVEIRA , ANTONIOLLI ZAIDA INÊS , YURCHENKO EUGENE
Published: January 2016

Tropicoporus is a recently proposed genus that was segregated from Inonotus s.l. and includes species with important wood decay and medicinal functions. The description of T. stratificans sp. nov. is based on more than 10 specimens collected on fallen decayed wood in subtropical forests of Rio Grande do Sul State. The species is recognized by its resupinate, poroid, golden brown, perennial basidiomes that become multi-layered, dimitic hyphal system, abundant hymenial setae, and subglobose to ellipsoid, brownish-yellow to ferruginous-brown basidiospores. Based on nrDNA ITS sequences, Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of Tropicoporus nested the new taxon in the T. linteus clade. A description and illustrations of the new species are provided.
Motivating disadvantaged students toward the possibility of college
Authors: Destin Mesmin , Kosko Michael J.
Published: January 2016

There is growing evidence of successful strategies to help keep students from disadvantaged backgrounds motivated to persist in school and succeed in college. These strategies draw from scientifically validated theory and research and they typically involve simple, yet careful, implementation techniques and so educators can expect them to be more precise and specific, saving educator’s time and effort in the trial and error of applying less useful techniques in their classrooms.
The AP lever for boosting access, success, and equity
Authors: Roegman Rachel , Hatch Thomas
Published: January 2016

Four New Jersey school districts worked together to increase student achievement by applying a number of strategies focused on getting traditionally underrepresented students to take more AP courses. The districts are members of the New Jersey Network of Superintendents (NJNS), comprising 15 superintendents who work together to develop systemwide approaches to educational equity. Contrary to some parents’ expectations, placing more students into AP courses did not result in their being watered down nor in test score declines overall. All four districts reported success in increasing access without significantly affecting average scores. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including ensuring access to AP classes is and continues to be equitable.
Early college can boost college success rates for low-income, first-generation students
Authors: Ndiaye Mamadou , Wolfe Rebecca E.
Published: January 2016

Early college high school models are designed to encourage and assist traditionally underrepresented groups of students — low income, Latino, and African-American — to persist in and graduate from high school while earning college credit. Some of the models target high school dropouts, with the aim of helping them acquire the education and training that could lead to better outcomes. The authors review and discuss several such early college designs. By locating in or near a college campus, early colleges first introduce, gradually expose, and then immerse students in the college experience. These models have garnered support from the philanthropic community, which has helped the early college models spread and grow.
Whatever happened to Foxfire
Authors: Glickman Carl
Published: January 2016

The 50th anniversary of the creation of Foxfire magazine and the Foxfire Museum and Heritage Center merits the question of how that innovative program of teaching and learning influences education today. Despite its troubled history, the program continues to exist and won the 2015 Georgia Governor’s Awards for the Arts and Humanities for its sustained contributions to the welfare of schools and communities. The author maintains that Foxfire has benefited its local community, which was part of its original intention, and that its influence is also visible in many of today’s current activity-centered programs even if many of today’s educators don’t credit it or even know its name.
The Editor’s Note
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: January 2016

To enable more students, especially minorities and those from low-income homes — to reach and achieve in college, schools must lay a solid foundation earlier. That means going beyond sloganeering and applying the cosmetics of a college-going culture to a school: naming classrooms after the college attended by the teacher or having students wear the sweatshirts of their favorite colleges on a given day. Nice gestures, but they hardly replace a rigorous curriculum from kindergarten on up that will prepare graduates with the math and writing skills they’ll need to be successful.
Testing Validity and Reliability of Material Value Scale (MVS-c) for Late Adolescents and Young Adults in India
Authors: Soni Pavleen , Behal Manisha
Published: January 2016

The present study contributes to the existing literature by examining the psychometric properties of Material Value Scale (MVS-c) for late adolescents and young adults. In addition to this, the study tries to explore differences for three constructs of MVS-c across gender and pocket money. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out on the responses of 714 late adolescents/young adults enrolled in classes ranging from matriculation (X) to postgraduation in schools and colleges of Punjab (India). The results provide support for the three original constructs—material success, material happiness and material centrality—but with 16 items instead of a priori 18 items. Moreover, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) results reflect significant differences amongst the constructs of MVS-c across gender and pocket money of late adolescents/young adults. The findings of the study also point to directions for future researchers.
Book Review: Rosabeth M. Kanter, Super Corp: How Vanguard Companies Create Innovation, Profit, Growth and Social Good
Authors: Gulyani Gaatha
Published: January 2016

Rosabeth M. Kanter, Super Corp: How Vanguard Companies Create Innovation, Profit, Growth and Social Good (1st ed.), South Asia: Crown Publishing Group, 2010, 309 pp., ₹ 256 (Paperback) ISBN: 978-1-84668-207-0
Identity, Resistance and Moderation in an Online Community of Zoosexuals
Authors: Kavanaugh Philip R , Maratea RJ
Published: January 2016

Regulation plays a key role in the construction of sexuality. Given the extent to which new forms of communication technology have had a liberating effect on the production of new discourses emanating from historically marginalized sexual communities, this study examines how zoosexuals active in an online community work to construct, assert and manage their sex-based identities, situate their sexual practices, attempt to resolve ethical dilemmas, as well as moderate and sanction dissidents for the greater civility of zoosexual discourse. We conclude by further considering the complications inherent in accomplishing these interactive tasks in a virtual space.
Extramarital affairs as occupational hazard: A structural, ethical (cultural) model of opportunity
Authors: Abzug Rikki
Published: January 2016

The media is filled with tales of careers and lives derailed by extramarital affairs often depicting such affairs in organizational/occupational terms: affairs begin in and/or upend organizational life and certain occupations are rife with cheaters. Yet, organizational science has been relatively silent on the topic. A review of literature from psychology, sociology, and economics provides an opening for the organizational researcher through the concepts of structural and cultural opportunity. Employing insights from organizational research on occupations and ethics, it is the intention of this article to develop models of structural and cultural (ethical) climate antecedents of extramarital affair opportunity.
Gender, sexuality, and technology in male pregnancy: An analysis of Lee Mingwei and Virgil Wong’s installation, POP! The First Human Male Pregnancy
Authors: Ingram-Waters Mary
Published: January 2016

In this article, I examine performance artists Lee Mingwei and Virgil Wong’s long-running online art installation project, POP! The First Human Male Pregnancy, as a liminal science fiction-like space in which the relationships between gender, sexuality, technology, and pregnancy, are illuminated and, at times, rearranged. Secondly, I look at user-generated content on YouTube left in response to one part of Lee and Wong’s installation as a further site for meaning-making about male pregnancy. In both these sites, I argue that the meaning-making of male pregnancy is transgressive in its queering of pregnancy while remaining normative in its reflection of male/female binary gender categories.
‘Best love’: Female impersonation in the Great War
Authors: Sigel Lisa Z
Published: January 2016

For decades, scholarship on the Great War (World War I) noted moments of cross-dressing as mere entertainment, one of the strange absurdities that the war produced without any consideration of the gendered and sexual components of such displays. More recently, scholars have focused on the homoerotics of men performing for other men. In contrast, this article suggests that female impersonation during the Great War allowed for the existence of pleasures resistant to categorization. It argues that female impersonation allowed for a rich cultural lexicon based on ambiguity. By using postcards, letters, and descriptions published during the war and shortly after, the author shows that female impersonation allowed men – as both impersonators and audience – to experience a pleasurable dissociation in an environment defined by passivity and alienation.
How does tillage intensity affect soil organic carbon? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Haddaway Neal Robert , Hedlund Katarina , Jackson Louise E. , Kätterer Thomas , Lugato Emanuele , Thomsen Ingrid K. , Jørgensen Helene B. , Isberg Per-Erik
Published: January 2016

Background

Soils contain the greatest terrestrial carbon (C) pool on the planet. Since approximately 12 % of soil C is held in cultivated soils, management of these agricultural areas has a huge potential to affect global carbon cycling; acting sometimes as a sink but also as a source. Tillage is one of the most important agricultural practices for soil management and has been traditionally undertaken to mechanically prepare soils for seeding and minimize effects of weeds. It has been associated with many negative impacts on soil quality, most notably a reduction in soil organic carbon (SOC), although still a matter of considerable debate, depending on factors such as depth of measurement, soil type, and tillage method. No tillage or reduced intensity tillage are frequently proposed mitigation measures for preservation of SOC and improvement of soil quality, for example for reducing erosion. Whilst several reviews have demonstrated benefits to C conservation of no till agriculture over intensive tillage, the general picture for reduced tillage intensity is unclear. This systematic review proposes to synthesise an extensive body of evidence, previously identified through a systematic map.

Methods

This systematic review is based on studies concerning tillage collated in a recently completed systematic map on the impact of agricultural management on SOC restricted to the warm temperate climate zone (i.e. boreo-temperate). These 311 studies were identified and selected systematically according to CEE guidelines. An update of the original search will be undertaken to identify newly published academic and grey literature in the time since the original search was performed in September 2013. Studies will be critically appraised for their internal and external validity, followed by full data extraction (meta-data describing study settings and quantitative study results). Where possible, studies will be included in meta-analyses examining the effect of tillage reduction (‘moderate’ (i.e. shallow) and no tillage relative to ‘intensive’ tillage methods such as mouldboard ploughing, where soil is turned over throughout the soil profile). The implications of the findings will be discussed in terms of policy, practice and research along with a discussion of the nature of the evidence base.
Improved Axillary Evaluation Following Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients With Node-Positive Breast Cancer Using Selective Evaluation of Clipped Nodes: Implementation of Targeted Axillary Dissection
Authors: Caudle Abigail S. , Yang Wei T. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Black Dalliah M. , Gilcrease Michael Z. , Bedrosian Isabelle , Hobbs Brian P. , DeSnyder Sarah M. , Hwang Rosa F. , Adrada Beatriz E. , Shaitelman Simona F. , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Smith Benjamin D. , Candelaria Rosalind P. , Babiera Gildy V. , Dogan Basak E. , Santiago Lumarie , Hunt Kelly K. , Kuerer Henry M.
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Placing clips in nodes with biopsy-confirmed metastasis before initiating neoadjuvant therapy allows for evaluation of response in breast cancer. Our goal was to determine if pathologic changes in clipped nodes reflect the status of the nodal basin and if targeted axillary dissection (TAD), which includes sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) and selective localization and removal of clipped nodes, improves the false-negative rate (FNR) compared with SLND alone.

Methods

A prospective study of patients with biopsy-confirmed nodal metastases with a clip placed in the sampled node was performed. After neoadjuvant therapy, patients underwent axillary surgery and the pathology of the clipped node was compared with other nodes. Patients undergoing TAD had SLND and selective removal of the clipped node using iodine-125 seed localization. The FNR was determined in patients undergoing complete axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND).

Results

Of 208 patients enrolled in this study, 191 underwent ALND, with residual disease identified in 120 (63%). The clipped node revealed metastases in 115 patients, resulting in an FNR of 4.2% (95% CI, 1.4 to 9.5) for the clipped node. In patients undergoing SLND and ALND (n = 118), the FNR was 10.1% (95% CI, 4.2 to 19.8), which included seven false-negative events in 69 patients with residual disease. Adding evaluation of the clipped node reduced the FNR to 1.4% (95% CI, 0.03 to 7.3; P = .03). The clipped node was not retrieved as an SLN in 23% (31 of 134) of patients, including six with negative SLNs but metastasis in the clipped node. TAD followed by ALND was performed in 85 patients, with an FNR of 2.0% (1 of 50; 95% CI, 0.05 to 10.7).

Conclusion

Marking nodes with biopsy-confirmed metastatic disease allows for selective removal and improves pathologic evaluation for residual nodal disease after chemotherapy.
Overexpression of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Disrupts Gonadal Sex Differentiation, Blocks Sex Hormone Synthesis, and Supports Cell Autonomous Sex Development in the Chicken
Authors: Lambeth Luke S. , Morris Kirsten , Ayers Katie L. , Wise Terry G. , O'Neil Terri , Wilson Susanne , Cao Yu , Sinclair Andrew H. , Cutting Andrew D. , Doran Timothy J. , Smith Craig A.
Published: January 2016

The primary role of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) during mammalian development is the regression of Müllerian ducts in males. This highly conserved function is retained in birds and is supported by the high levels of AMH expression in developing testes. Mammalian AMH expression is regulated by a combination of transcription factors, the most important being Sry-type high-mobility-group box transcription factor-9 (SOX9). In the chicken embryo, however, AMH mRNA expression precedes that of SOX9, leading to the view that AMH may play a more central role in avian testicular development. To define its role in chicken gonadal development, AMH was overexpressed using the RCASBP viral vector. AMH caused the gonads of both sexes to develop as small and undeveloped structures at both embryonic and adult stages. Molecular analysis revealed that although female gonads developed testis-like cords, gonads lacked Sertoli cells and were incapable of steroidogenesis. A similar gonadal phenotype was also observed in males, with a complete loss of both Sertoli cells, disrupted SOX9 expression and gonadal steroidogenesis. At sexual maturity both sexes showed a female external phenotype but retained sexually dimorphic body weights that matched their genetic sexes. These data suggest that AMH does not operate as an early testis activator in the chicken but can affect downstream events, such as sex steroid hormone production. In addition, this study provides a unique opportunity to assess chicken sexual development in an environment of sex hormone deficiency, demonstrating the importance of both hormonal signaling and direct cell autonomous factors for somatic sex identity in birds.
Evidence of polygenic selection on human stature inferred from spatial distribution of allele frequencies
Authors: Piffer Davide
Published: January 2016

Spatial patterns of allele frequencies reveal a clear signal of natural (or sexual) selection on human height. The average frequency of all hits (N=693) and the top significant 66 common genetic variants (pruned for linkage disequilibrium) for 26 populations belonging to 5 sub-continental human groups were significantly correlated to average phenotypic population height. The method of correlated vectors provided additional evidence for a signal of natural selection in SNPs with higher significance. Factor analysis of the five top genome-wide association study (GWAS) hits revealed a clear factor indicating selection pressures on human height, peaking among northern Europeans and some African groups (Esan Nigeria) whilst reaching a nadir among South-East Asians. Finally, a new polygenic score is created to take into account overrepresentation of derived alleles among GWAS hits and population-level differences in derived allele frequencies.
Calculation of meridional neutral winds in middle latitudes from the Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar data
Authors: Щербаков Александр , Shcherbakov Aleksandr , Медведев Андрей , Medvedev Andrey , Кушнарев Дмитрий , Kushnarev Dmitriy , Толстиков Максим , Tolstikov Maksim , Алсаткин Сергей , Alsatkin Sergei
Published: January 2016

The paper sequentially presents technique for determining velocity of meridional neutral winds from the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar (IISR) data. Due to IISR specific features effective at other IS radars, techniques for determining ionosphere parameters, in particular plasma drift velocities, resulted in considerable variance of defined parameters. To measure the plasma drift velocity taking into account such IISR features, we have developed a special technique based on phase analysis of autocorrelation function of incoherent scatter signal. The technique needs to be tested, and for this purpose, an experiment was carried out to measure velocities of low-orbit satellites. However, methods for meridional neutral wind calculations used by many authors [Evans, 1970] with the use of drift velocities obtained before, resulted in great disagreements with empirical HWM93 and HWM07 wind models. In addition, simultaneous measurements at two frequencies at IISR showed that it was difficult to explain such differences without taking into account the cross-field movements. Possible underestimation of the impact of movements generated by electric fields can result in serious error in determining wind velocities. The paper considers improvements for methods of calculating winds, and shows that the results obtained with it are in a better agreement with wind models.
Effect of geomagnetic activity, solar wind and parameters of interplanetary magnetic field on regularities in intermittency of Pi2 geomagnetic pulsations
Authors: Куражковская Надежда , Kurazhkovskaya Nadezhda , Клайн Борис , Klain Boris
Published: January 2016

We present the results of investigation of the influence of geomagnetic activity, solar wind and parameters of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on properties of the intermittency of midlatitude burst series of Pi2 geomagnetic pulsations observed during magnetospheric substorms on the nightside (substorm Pi2) and in the absence of these phenomena (nonsub-storm Pi2). We considered the index α as a main characteristic of intermittency of substorm and nonsubstorm Pi2 pulsations. The index α characterizes the slope of the cumulative distribution function of Pi2 burst amplitudes. The study indicated that the value and dynamics of the index α varies depending on the planetary geomagnetic activity, auroral activity and the intensity of magnetospheric ring currents. In addition, the forms of dependences of the index α on the density n, velocity V, dynamic pressure Pd of the solar wind and IMF Bx-component are different. The behavior of the index α depending on the module of B, By- and Bz-components is similar. We found some critical values of V, Pd, B, By- and Bz-components, after reaching of which the turbulence of the magnetotail plasma during substorm development is decreased. The revealed patterns of the intermittency of Pi2 pulsations can be used for qualitative assessment of turbulence level in the magnetotail plasma depending on changing interplanetary conditions.
Problems of Private Law in Modern Conditions
Authors: YAkovlyev Vyeniamin
Published: January 2016

Recent intensive development of private law, which is presented by three successful codifications in the field of the civil, family, labor law in Russia, is noted in the article. Current changes of the Russian civil legislation as well as planned ones are described. To number of the main problems the author refers violations of the principle of good faith by participants of civil turnover, lack of effectiveness of the Federal Bailiff Service, insufficient security of the civil rights for real estate. In this regard it is necessary to form a notarial certification of real estate turnover, to keep availability of information from the state register of real estate for citizens, raise the status of the Federal Bailiff Service and strengthen its position by hiring highly qualified specialists.
Organizational-Legal Forms of Economical Activity: System and New Regulation
Authors: Dolinskaya Vladimira
Published: January 2016

The presence of collective and of individual and collective types of economical activity. The collective economical activity is based on contractual and charter principles. The definition of organizational-legal form of economical activity has been suggested. The expansion of organizational and legal forms of economical activity has been described. The comparative description of an individual person and legal entity have been given. The legal personality of a legal entity has been considered in terms of applied additional requirements — optional as well as special ones. The revealed meaning of legal classifications of legal entities shows that the efficiency of economical activity management does not depend on the mentioned classification. 2 types of economic activity of legal entities have been identified: business activity — commercial legal entities and income generating activities — non-commercial legal entities. The property basis of non-commercial entities engaged into profit generating activity was taken into consideration; it’s been noted that the size of such activity evolves special requirements. The main problems of legal control over profit generating activity have been formulated. The “commercialization” of the legal entities activities has been proved. The need of legalization of other legal personalities in addition to juridical persons has been justified.
Economic Activity of Non-Commercial Organizations and Its Civil-Law Ensuring
Authors: Soyfyer Tatyana
Published: January 2016

The article is considered some aspects of economic activity of non-commercial organizations. The author notes that updated norms of the Russian Civil code not fully take into account economic principles of operation non-commercial organizations in conditions of market economy. That is why the desired effects from their work in Russia are not received. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the relationship of legal categories “income-generating activity of non-commercial organizations” and “entrepreneurship activity of non-commercial organizations”. Author came to a conclusion that this categories have various economic essences. The income-generating activity for the non-profit organizations may have different characters, including as the main. Consequently the author indicates the need for a differentiated approach in determining the fundamental possibility and valid frames of implementation the income-generating activity for the non-commercial organizations. The article proposes to distinguish groups of non-profit legal entities and give them any special opportunities in the implementation of income-generating activity. These opportunities depend on the purposes of the organizations and the chosen methods of operation.
Social and Labour Relations During Economic Crisis: How to Balance the Interests
Authors: Lyutov Nikita
Published: January 2016

The article deals with the issues of dependence of flexible or rigid labour law norms and macroeconomic effectiveness. The conclusion is made that traditional neoliberal dogmas about negative effect of labour law norms on the economic effectiveness are not supported by the serious empirical proof. In contrary, modern researches show that the long-term positive economic effect of labour law norms may be found in such issues as diminishing the incomes gap, growing consumers’ demand, workforce productivity and creation of knowledge-based economy. The Russian labour law is considered to be not enough flexible in the issues of bureaucratic obligations of the employers towards the state in the human resources management matters. Those requirements should be alleviated without a real danger to harm the employees’ rights. In contrast, the regulation of relations between the employers and employees is considered to be overly flexible, contrary to the popular myths that it repeats the Soviet rigid labour law norms. The author claims that there is enough space to enhance the protection norms in the areas of social dialogue, minimum wages, working time, the regulation of labour relations within the groups of companies and in the number of other issues. All mentioned directions of law modification will not lead to the negative consequences to the economy, but would rather result in a better social stability and employers’ effectiveness in the time of macroeconomic crisis.
Corporate Contract and an Agreement on the Implementation of the Rights of Members of Society: Some Problems of Correlation
Authors: Kamyshanskiy Vladimir
Published: January 2016

The article provides a critical analysis of legislative regulation of the corporate agreement and an agreement on the implementation of the rights of members of a limited liability company. It is alleged that the corporate contract has undoubted relevance and usefulness to the participants of companies, as it allows to regulate relations in the implementation of corporate rights is not a natural way, and on a contractual basis, recognized by the parties and provide legal protection for the parties to the contract. It stands out as a number of circumstances that require legislative authorization and refinement in the process of enforcement of a limited liability company. Among the outstanding legislator before the end of the problems include: the problem of correlation of the content of the agreement on the implementation of the rights of the parties and the agreement on the establishment of the company; the problem of correlation of the contract on the implementation of the rights of the participants and the Company Charter, decisions of the general meeting; the problem of succession of the contract on the implementation of the rights of participants; the problem of awareness of other members of the Company and third parties about the agreement on the implementation of the rights and conditions.
Legislative Initiative of the President of the Russian Federation as the Constitutional-Legal Institute
Authors: Minkh Garri
Published: January 2016

The legal content of the legislative initiative of the President of the Russian Federation is characterized by diversity of this phenomenon. It illustrates the relationship of legislative initiative as a constitutional head of state powers and as the stage of the legislative process; justifying the importance of the constitutional-legal institute of legislative initiative of the President of the Russian Federation in the legal system of the Russian Federation. Particular attention is given to the positive and negative characteristics of the presence of the head of state of this legal instrument. Being legislative initiative is seen in the existence of constitutional and legal relationship between the subject of the right of legislative initiative and representative organ of state power over the application, taking in consideration and issued a legislative proposal on the various stages of the legislative process. Substantiates the role of the legislative initiatives of the President of the Russian Federation in various stages of the legislative process. There is a trend to strengthen the executive power in the legislative process, with the result that the center of the legislative initiative is moved from the parliament to the executive branch and to the President. It is concluded that a legislative initiative of the President acts as a practical manifestation of the principle of separation of powers, the observance of which helps to maintain the authority of the country´s presidency, predetermining the leading position of the President of the Russian Federation in the state and society.