bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active Osteoblasts or Quiescent Bone Lining Cells? Preosteoblasts Fate Orchestrated by Curvature and Stiffness of an In Vitro 2.5D Biomimetic Culture System
Authors: Ozanne Hélène , Moubri Loïc , Abou‐Nassif Léa , Thoumire Olivier , Echalard Aline , Morin‐Grognet Sandrine , Atmani Hassan , Ladam Guy , Labat Béatrice
Published: November 2023

Biomimetic cell culture systems are required to provide more physiologically relevant microenvironments for bone cells. Here, a simple 2.5D culture platform is proposed, combining adjustable stiffness and surface features that mimic bone topography by using sandpaper grits as master molds with two stiffness formulations of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The subsequent replicas perfectly conform the grits and reproduce the corresponding negative relief with cavities separated by convex edges. Biomimicry is also provided by an extracellular matrix (ECM)‐like thin film coating, using the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) method. The topographical features, alternating concave, and convex structures drive preosteoblasts organization and morphology. Strikingly, curvature orchestrates the commitment of preosteoblasts, with i) maturation to active osteoblasts able to produce a dense collagenous matrix that ultimately mineralizes in the cavities, and ii) edges hosting quiescent cells that synthetize a very thin immature collagen layer with no mineralization. In summary, the present in vitro culture system model offers a cell‐instructive 2.5D microenvironment that controls preosteoblasts fate, leading to two coexisting subpopulations: mature osteoblasts and bone lining cells (BLC). This promising culture system opens new avenues to advanced tissue‐engineered modeling and can be applied to precellularized bone biomaterials.
A Tailored Interface Design for Anode‐Free Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Wen Jiayun , Wang Tengrui , Wang Chao , Dai Yiming , Song Zhenyou , Liu Xuyang , Yu Qian , Zheng Xueying , Ma Jiwei , Luo Wei , Huang Yunhui
Published: November 2023

Anode‐free solid‐state batteries (AFSSBs) are considered to be one of the most promising high‐safety and high‐energy storage systems. However, low Coulombic efficiency stemming from severe deterioration on solid electrolyte/current collector (Cu foil) interface and undesirable Li dendrite growth impede their practical application, especially when rigid garnet electrolyte is used. Here, an interfacial engineering strategy between garnet electrolyte and Cu foil is introduced for stable and highly efficient AFSSBs. By utilizing the high Li ion conductivity of LiC6 layer, interfacial self‐adaption ability arising from ductile lithiated polyacrylic acid polymer layer and regulated Li deposition via Li‐Ag alloying reaction, the garnet‐based AFSSB delivers a stable long‐term operation. Additionally, when combined with a commercial LiCoO2 cathode (3.1 mAh cm−2), the cell also exhibits an outstanding capacity retention due to the tailored interface design. The strategies for novel AFSSBs architecture thus offer an alternative route to design next‐generation batteries with high safety and high density.
Supra‐Photothermal CO2 Methanation over Greenhouse‐Like Plasmonic Superstructures of Ultrasmall Cobalt Nanoparticles
Authors: Cai Mujin , Li Chaoran , An Xingda , Zhong Biqing , Zhou Yuxuan , Feng Kun , Wang Shenghua , Zhang Chengcheng , Xiao Mengqi , Wu Zhiyi , He Jiari , Wu Chunpeng , Shen Jiahui , Zhu Zhijie , Feng Kai , Zhong Jun , He Le
Published: November 2023

Improving the solar‐to‐thermal energy conversion efficiency of photothermal nanomaterials at no expense of other physicochemical properties, e.g., the catalytic reactivity of metal nanoparticles, is highly desired for diverse applications but remains a big challenge. Herein, a synergistic strategy is developed for enhanced photothermal conversion by a greenhouse‐like plasmonic superstructure of 4 nm cobalt nanoparticles while maintaining their intrinsic catalytic reactivity. The silica shell plays a key role in retaining the plasmonic superstructures for efficient use of the full solar spectrum, and reducing the heat loss of cobalt nanoparticles via the nano‐greenhouse effect. The optimized plasmonic superstructure catalyst exhibits supra‐photothermal CO2 methanation performance with a record‐high rate of 2.3 mol gCo−1 h−1, close to 100% CH4 selectivity, and desirable catalytic stability. This work reveals the great potential of nanoscale greenhouse effect in enhancing photothermal conversions through the combination with conventional promoting strategies, shedding light on the design of efficient photothermal nanomaterials for demanding applications.
Highly Sensitive Optical Manometer Based on the Visible Emissions of Ce3+‐Doped La6Sr4(SiO4)6F2 Multisite Phosphors
Authors: Szymczak Maja , Du Peng , Runowski Marcin , Woźny Przemyslaw , Xue Junpeng , Zheng Teng , Marciniak Lukasz
Published: November 2023

For overcoming the unsatisfactory sensitivity of optical manometers and the susceptibility of manometric parameters to temperature changes, a series of Ce3+‐doped La6Sr4(SiO4)6F2 phosphors with multicolor emissions are developed. Excited by 375 nm, the resultant compounds exhibit asymmetric and broad emission bands, which can be easily deconvoluted into two peaks originating from seven to ninefold coordinated Ce3+ sites, where their intensities are dependent on the excitation wavelength. Through analyzing the pressure‐related luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) derived from these two Ce3+ sites, it is clear that the final manometer exhibits an unprecedentedly high relative sensitivity of ≈ 425% GPa−1 at 0.76 GPa (the highest value reported to date). As pressure increases, the emitting color tunes from yellow to blue, resulting in the possibility of visual pressure sensing. Furthermore, based on the color coordinates of the phosphor material, its pressure sensing capability is discussed, in which the maximum sensitivities are 24.38 and 27.74% GPa−1 at 0.76 GPa, when x‐coordinate and y‐coordinate are employed, respectively. Additionally, the LIR value is only slightly affected by temperature, leading to a thermal invariability manometric factor (TIMF) > 400 K GPa−1. The findings indicate that Ce3+‐doped La6Sr4(SiO4)6F2 phosphors are good luminescent candidates for optical and visual multi‐mode manometers.
Self‐help/mutual aid groups for health and psychosocial problems: Key features and their perspectives in the 21st century
Authors: Lainas Sotiris
Published: November 2023

In this virtual special issue, a set of 26 papers previously published in the American Journal of Community Psychology (AJCP), focused on self‐help/mutual aid groups (SH/MAGs), are being curated given their significant impact in this domain. SH/MAGs constitute an important component of the community psychology's proposal to address various psychosocial and health problems. The American Journal of Community Psychology has played an important role in exploring the characteristics of self‐help/mutual aid groups in various fields. These articles cover important areas of the study of self‐help/mutual‐aid groups. More specifically, the selected articles address issues such as the definition and key characteristics of self‐help/mutual aid groups, the main fields that are applied, such as mental health, addictions, and disabilities. The article also addresses important issues such as the place of self‐help/mutual aid groups in health systems, the experiential knowledge generated within these groups and the relationship of health professionals with these groups. The aim is this VSI to contribute to contemporary discussion on self‐help/mutual aid groups, their challenges, and their perspectives and to highlight the crucial role that community psychology has in this field.
Phenotypic and proteomic characterization of the human erythroid progenitor continuum reveal dynamic changes in cell cycle and in metabolic pathways
Authors: Papoin Julien , Yan Hongxia , Leduc Marjorie , Le Gall Morgane , Narla Anupama , Palis James , Steiner Laurie A. , Gallagher Patrick G. , Hillyer Christopher D. , Gautier Emilie‐Fleur , Mohandas Narla , Blanc Lionel
Published: November 2023

Human erythropoiesis is a complex process leading to the production of 2.5 million red blood cells per second. Following commitment of hematopoietic stem cells to the erythroid lineage, this process can be divided into three distinct stages: erythroid progenitor differentiation, terminal erythropoiesis, and reticulocyte maturation. We recently resolved the heterogeneity of erythroid progenitors into four different subpopulations termed EP1–EP4. Here, we characterized the growth factor(s) responsiveness of these four progenitor populations in terms of proliferation and differentiation. Using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics on sorted erythroid progenitors, we quantified the absolute expression of ~5500 proteins from EP1 to EP4. Further functional analyses highlighted dynamic changes in cell cycle in these populations with an acceleration of the cell cycle during erythroid progenitor differentiation. The finding that E2F4 expression was increased from EP1 to EP4 is consistent with the noted changes in cell cycle. Finally, our proteomic data suggest that the protein machinery necessary for both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis is present in these progenitor cells. Together, our data provide comprehensive insights into growth factor‐dependence of erythroid progenitor proliferation and the proteome of four distinct populations of human erythroid progenitors which will be a useful framework for the study of erythroid disorders.
Delayed presentation of transdermal cyanide poisoning
Authors: Lim J. W. L. , Kwa C. , Loh S. , Yew W. S.
Published: November 2023

A 45‐year‐old man attended to a warehouse fire involving burning plastic, without wearing full protective equipment. He subsequently presented to hospital with shortness of breath and his trachea was intubated for airway protection due to initial concerns of inhalational injury. However, a post‐intubation bronchoscopy was normal. The patient's serum lactate level was normal on admission but was increased when measured 14 h after the initial event and accompanied by a metabolic acidosis. Transdermal cyanide poisoning was suspected given this delayed biochemical presentation and the absence of another apparent cause. A handheld chemical detector detected a high level of toxins on the patient's skin. Clinical improvement was not observed after the first dose of intravenous hydroxocobalamin, which was administered before full body decontamination. After decontamination and the administration of a second dose of hydroxocobalamin, the patient's acid–base status rapidly improved and serum lactate level returned to normal. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for transdermal cyanide poisoning in patients presenting after exposure to a fire.
Noise reduction and characteristic analysis of fluid signal in the jet impact‐negative pressure deamination reactor based on wavelet transform
Authors: Huang Xiaodie , Zhang Xingzong , Xie Xingjuan , Qiu Facheng
Published: November 2023

The jet impact‐negative pressure deamination reactor (JI‐NPDR) is a new type of continuous and efficient deamination equipment. The study of the random flow pattern of porous jet impingement in the reactor under negative pressure conditions is an important issue. In this work, the signal processing method based on wavelet transform is used to analyze the characteristics of random flow signals in the reactor. Meanwhile, an analog similar signal is built and three sets of Gaussian white noise with various signal‐to‐noise ratios are employed via the MATLAB platform. Based on the adjustment of threshold function, threshold, decomposition level and other parameters of wavelet transform, the noise ratio (SNR) and mean squared error (MSE) are used to evaluate the wavelet denoising effect. And then, the optimal denoising scheme for the obtained signal will be applied in processing the vacuum flow signal collected inside the deamination reactor. Subsequently, the 8‐layer wavelet decomposition is investigated by using sym7 as the wavelet basis, soft threshold function, and heursure threshold for signal denoising. Then, the analog signal is fed back through the results of the actual signal denoising, and the number of wavelet decomposition layers is adjusted from 8 to 9 layers to optimize the original wavelet denoising combination. By analyzing the low‐frequency and high‐frequency parts of the signal spectrum before and after denoising, it was found that wavelet transform can effectively denoise the fluid signal in the reactor.
A DOPO‐based reactive flame retardant containing benzimidazole groups: Synthesis and its flame‐retardation on epoxy resin
Authors: Liu Dongyue , Jiang Feng , Zhang Tianlong , Yu Chunxiao , Hu Zhiyu , Zhang Lei , Shi Shuangyou
Published: November 2023

DOPO based flame retardants demonstrate exceptional flame retardancy efficiency when applied to epoxy resins. However, the crosslinking degree of epoxy resin may decrease due to the addition of DOPO, leading to a deterioration in flame retardancy and mechanical properties. Herein, a reactive DOPO derivative flame retardant 6‐((1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl) amino) dibenzo oxaphosphinine 6‐oxide (BADO) was successfully synthesized, which contains multiple reactive sites, thus ensuring a higher degree of crosslinking in the system. As a result, the modified epoxy resin exhibits excellent flame retardancy. The limiting oxygen index value of the modified epoxy resins increased from 19.8% to 29.7% by adding 7.5 wt% BADO, and its UL‐94 test passed V‐0. Flame retardancy mechanism analysis reveals that BADO exhibits both gas‐phase and condensed‐phase flame retardant effects. In particular, the formation of a porous inside‐char layer is a significant factor in reducing smoke release. The 7.5% BADO/EP composite exhibited a 43.2% reduction in total smoke production and a 43.6% reduction in total smoke rate compared to neat epoxy resins (EP). Furthermore, the addition of BADO slightly deteriorates the mechanical properties of the modified epoxy resin.
Preparation and heat resistance of hollow glass microbead/silicone rubber composite coating
Authors: Yang Xiao‐jun , Qin Li‐Qi , He Ding‐yong
Published: November 2023

Hollow glass microbead/silicone rubber composite coatings were prepared to improve the heat‐resistance and mechanical properties of silicone rubber‐based composites, using CE modified SR as the matrix and HGM as the filler. The microscopic morphology and thermal stability of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), respectively. The results showed that the thermal stability of the composites increases with the increase of filler content. For the composite sample with a HGM mass content of 16.7%, the initial decomposition temperature (T5) is 408°C, which is 84°C higher than that of silicone rubber. The low density and high sphericity of HGM make it easier to uniformly disperse in the polymer matrix. In addition, compared to silica, which is commonly used as an inorganic filler, the lower thermal conductivity of HGM is also beneficial for achieving better thermal shielding effect. It is confirmed that the insufficient thermal stability of the polymer matrix above 400°C can be compensated for by the properly dispersed inorganic fillers. Therefore, the thermal stability of the composite is improved by the synergistic effect of modified heat‐resistant matrix and inorganic filler.
Stable peri‐Naphthoisatogens without C2 Protection: Synthesis via Aldrone Condensation, Optical Properties and 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Debnath Indraneel , Roy Tirupati , Borah Dharismita , Mahata Kingsuk
Published: November 2023

peri‐Annulation of naphthalane, an important tool for realization of wide range of functional materials, is presently accomplished with limited few functional groups like imide, amide and diamine‐derivative (perimidine). To increase the diversity, we have incorporated α‐keto aldonitrone as a new functional group, and herein report about five peri‐naphthoisatogens (PNTIs) dyes. The synthesis were accomplished using an unusual reaction of aromatic nitro group, which is nucleophilic attack of a C‐nucleophile (enol) to the N‐atom of nitro group. In five different 5‐alkylamino‐8‐nitro‐1‐acetylnaphthalenes, intramolecular acid‐catalyzed nucleophilic attack of enol moiety to the N‐atom of nitro group produced α‐keto aldonitrone via addition‐elimination mechanism. The PNTIs showed characteristics of 1,3‐dipole and reacted with ethyl acrylate to produce isoxazolidine ring, which subsequently converted into aza phenalenone derivative via ring cleavage. Both the PNTI and the corresponding derivative strongly absorb in the visible region, displaying absorption maximum at 551 and 561 nm (in CHCl3) respectively. Compared to the popular analogous dye naphthalene monoimides, PNTIs showed bathochromic shift of absorption maximum by more than 100 nm. The emission maximum for the PNTI and its derivative in chloroform were observed at 594 and 635 nm respectively.
Risk of psychosis in autism spectrum disorder individuals exposed to psychosocial stressors: A 9‐year chart review study
Authors: Bortoletto Riccardo , Bassani Lorenzo , Garzitto Marco , Lamberti Marco , Simonati Alessandro , Darra Francesca , Bhattacharyya Sagnik , Comacchio Carla , Balestrieri Matteo , Arcangeli Donatella , Colizzi Marco
Published: November 2023

Psychosocial stressors have been suggested to precipitate psychotic episodes in patients with pre‐existing psychosis and otherwise healthy subjects. However, such a risk has never been formally investigated in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sixty‐nine autistic adolescents hospitalized for psychotic/manic symptoms (PSY) and other mental health issues (NPSY) over a 9‐year period were compared with reference to their previous exposure to psychosocial stressors. ASD diagnoses satisfied the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐10 criteria. Psychotic/manic symptom assessment followed the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K‐SADS). Psychosocial stressor exposure was collected separately at each admission. Preliminarily, univariate between‐group comparisons were conducted. Then, a binomial model was adopted to investigate associations with previous exposure to psychosocial stressors. Results were reported with a change in AIC (ΔAIC). PSY patients presented with higher previous exposure to adverse life events (30.43% vs. 6.52%, OR = 6.079 [1.209, 40.926], p = 0.013) and school/work difficulties (30.43% vs. 8.70%, OR = 4.478 [0.984, 23.846], p = 0.034) than NPSY ones. Admissions for psychotic/manic symptoms occurred more likely in the context of family disturbances (OR = 2.275 [1.045, 5.045], p = 0.030) and adverse life events (OR = 3.489 [1.194, 11.161], p = 0.014). The fitted binomial model was found to be significant compared to the random effects model (ΔAIC = −1.962; χ210 = 21.96, p = 0.015), with the risk of presenting psychotic/manic symptoms being increased by family disturbances (z = +4.118) and school/work difficulties (z = +2.455). The results suggest a potential psychosis‐inducing effect of psychosocial stressors in ASD, which has clinical and policy implications.
Exploring the role of transcriptional and post‐transcriptional processes in mRNA co‐expression
Authors: García‐Blay Óscar , Verhagen Pieter G. A. , Martin Benjamin , Hansen Maike M. K.
Published: November 2023

Co‐expression of two or more genes at the single‐cell level is usually associated with functional co‐regulation. While mRNA co‐expression—measured as the correlation in mRNA levels—can be influenced by both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional events, transcriptional regulation is typically considered dominant. We review and connect the literature describing transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation of co‐expression. To enhance our understanding, we integrate four datasets spanning single‐cell gene expression data, single‐cell promoter activity data and individual transcript half‐lives. Confirming expectations, we find that positive co‐expression necessitates promoter coordination and similar mRNA half‐lives. Surprisingly, negative co‐expression is favored by differences in mRNA half‐lives, contrary to initial predictions from stochastic simulations. Notably, this association manifests specifically within clusters of genes. We further observe a striking compensation between promoter coordination and mRNA half‐lives, which additional stochastic simulations suggest might give rise to the observed co‐expression patterns. These findings raise intriguing questions about the functional advantages conferred by this compensation between distal kinetic steps.
Multipartite patella: A review of diagnostic techniques and management of the symptomatic patient
Authors: McKee Christopher E.
Published: November 2023

Multipartite patella is an anatomical variant classified by the fragmentation of the main patellar body. The cause of this variant is due to failure in fusion of the patellar ossification centers. It is commonly misdiagnosed as a fracture of the patella in clinical practice, leading to unnecessary treatment measures. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the development and classification of this variation, diagnostic imaging techniques, and assess the optimal management technique for the symptomatic patient. Multiple radiographic methods are used to identify this variant, with recent studies highlighting high sensitivity rates for nonradiative methods (ultrasound). In terms of symptomatic management, accessory fragment excision and vastus lateralis release provide the greatest alleviation of symptoms, with screw fixation being less favorable.
Burden of prostate cancer in the Middle East: A comparative analysis based on global cancer observatory data
Authors: Kearney Garrett , Chen Ming‐Hui , Mula‐Hussain Layth , Skelton Mac , Eren Mehmet Fuat , Orio Peter F. , Nguyen Paul L. , D'Amico Anthony V. , Sayan Mutlay
Published: November 2023

Background

Prostate cancer represents a significant global health issue, yet our understanding of its impact in the Middle East remains limited. This study aimed to assess the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in the Middle East, and compare these rates to those in Europe and North America.

Materials and Methods

We utilized the 2020 Global Cancer Observatory data, compiling incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in 20 Middle Eastern countries. We calculated mortality‐to‐incidence ratios (MIR) and compared the age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and MIR between the Middle East and the combined regions of North America and Europe. The countries were further stratified based on the Human Development Index (HDI) and income level for additional analysis.

Results

In 2020, the Middle East documented an estimated 51,649 new prostate cancer diagnoses, accounting for 3.7% of global cases. Despite a significantly lower ASIR in the Middle East compared with Europe and North America (10.50 vs. 21.50, p = 0.0087), the region had a higher MIR (12.35 vs. 3.00, p = 0.0476). When stratified based on HDI or income levels, there was no significant difference in MIRs; however, a significant trend of increasing MIR with decreasing HDI (p = 0.028) and income levels (p = 0.016) was observed.

Conclusions

Despite a lower incidence, our analysis showed a significantly higher MIR for prostate cancer in the Middle East compared with Europe and North America. These findings underscore the unique challenges posed by prostate cancer in the Middle East and emphasize the necessity of tailored strategies to address this pressing public health issue.
Peer‐to‐peer community on social media: An exploratory cross‐cultural study
Authors: Anderson Kelley Cours , Albinsson Pia A. , Ducarroz Caroline
Published: November 2023

This exploratory research utilizes the lens of uses and gratifications theory (UGT) to examine cross‐cultural differences in consumers' motives for using social media to build peer‐to‐peer (P2P) community. Using a mixed‐method approach through two studies, we first conduct in‐depth interviews to better understand consumers' motivations for P2P community on social media. Then exploratory factor analysis using Belgian and U.S. survey data and confirmatory composite analysis reveal the factors of curiosity, self‐presentation, social interaction, relational connections (Belgium only), the importance of social verification, and communication. Results from partial least squares structural equation modeling explain the relationship between the emerging factors and consumers' need for P2P community. While individualized motivations were found to be significant in both samples, relational motivations were not, as Belgian consumers were less concerned about socially interacting with others. Additionally, consumers' curiosity was not found to be significantly related to the need for community in either sample. This study extends previous research using the UGT framework by generating knowledge on cross‐cultural differences of P2P community on social media; theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Synthesis of Bio‐Based Polymers and Adjuvants through Biomass Valorization: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Serra Sampaio Michel , Wojcieszak Robert , Itabaiana Junior Ivaldo
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the synthesis of bio‐based polymers and compounds has grown due to greater environmental concerns and the need to develop green and sustainable products as substitutes for fossil derivatives. In this context, lignocellulosic biomass is an important source of raw materials, as it is abundant and low‐cost, in addition to its chemical variety. Thus, chemical catalysis and biocatalysis have been important tools for obtaining these high value‐added compounds. With the aim of detecting the current scenario, as well as the main challenges and opportunities in the production of bio‐based polymers through the valorization of biomass, this work carried out a technological investigation of articles published in the last 10 years, establishing a relationship between the conditions of each production route and its main challenges. The results show a growing number of publications in the last 6 years involving the application of biomass‐derived molecules as monomers to obtain various classes of polymers, where polyesters and polyurethanes have been the most studied. The use of heterogeneous chemical catalysts is still the predominant production strategy, due to the extreme conditions required for production. However, the application of enzymes such as lipases to obtain polyesters and microbial biotransformation to obtain polyhydroxyalkanoates have been emerging as promising strategies within the context of biorefineries. Almost all works are at the proof‐of‐concept stage, where most of the molecules produced have been obtained from synthetic starting materials, demonstrating the need to integrate technologies for obtaining monomers directly from biomass and synthesis protocols for the advent of new processes that are more sustainable and competitive with traditional routes.
Classical Gold Carbonyl Complexes in Tetrahedral and Trigonal‐Planar Settings
Authors: Vanga Mukundam , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro , Dias H. V. Rasika
Published: November 2023

A unique four‐coordinate, classical gold(I)‐carbonyl complex with substantial backdonation from gold has been isolated by using a B‐methylated and fluorinated tris(pyridyl)borate chelator. Its lighter silver(I) and copper(I) analogs enabled a study of trends in the coinage‐metal family. The B‐arylated ligand version also afforded a gold–carbon monoxide complex that displays a notably low C−O stretch value, but with trigonal planar geometry at the gold. A computational analysis shows that the AuI−CO bonds of these tris(pyridyl)borate ligand‐supported molecules consist of electrostatic attraction, OC→Au σ‐donation, and very significant Au→CO π‐back‐bonding components. The latter is responsible for the observed C−O stretching frequencies, which are lower than in free CO.
Dehydroleucodine and xanthatin, two natural anti‐inflammatory lactones, inhibit mast cell degranulation by affecting the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Wetten Paula A. , Arismendi Sosa Andrea Celeste , Mariani María Laura , Vargas Patricia M. , Michaut Marcela Alejandra , Penissi Alicia Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Actin remodeling is a critical regulator of mast cell secretion. In previous work, we have shown that dehydroleucodine and xanthatin, two natural α,β‐unsaturated lactones, exhibit anti‐inflammatory and mast cell stabilizing properties. Based on this background, this study aimed to determine whether the mast cell stabilizing action of these lactones is associated with changes in the actin cytoskeleton. Rat peritoneal mast cells were preincubated in the presence of dehydroleucodine or xanthatin before incubation with compound 48/80. Comparative studies with sodium cromoglycate and latrunculin B were also made. After treatments, different assays were performed on mast cell samples: β‐hexosaminidase release, cell viability studies, quantification of mast cells and their state of degranulation by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and actin staining for microscopy observation. Results showed that dehydroleucodine and xanthatin inhibited mast cell degranulation, evidenced by the inhibition of β‐hexosaminidase release and decreased degranulated mast cell percentage. At the same time, both lactones altered the F‐actin cytoskeleton in mast cells resulting, similarly to Latrunculin B, in a higher concentration of nuclear F‐actin when activated by compound 48/80. For the first time, this study describes the biological properties of dehydroleucodine and xanthatin concerning to the rearrangement of actin filaments during stimulated exocytosis in mast cells. These data have important implications for developing new anti‐inflammatory and mast cell stabilizing drugs and for designing new small molecules that may interact with the actin cytoskeleton.
Efficient Assessment of ‘Instantaneous pK’ Values from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Duchstein Patrick , Löffler Felix , Zahn Dirk
Published: November 2023

We present a molecular simulation approach to studying the role of local and momentary molecular environment for potential acid‐base reactions. For this, we combine thermodynamic considerations on the pK of ionic species with rapid sampling of energy changes related to (de)protonation. Using dispersed carbonate ions in water as a reference, our approach aims at the fast assessment of the momentary protonation energy, and thus the ‘instantaneous pK’, of calcium‐carbonate ion aggregates. The latter include transient complexes that are elusive to long sampling runs. This motivated the elaboration of approximate, yet particularly fast assessable sampling strategies. Along this line, we were able to characterize instantaneous pK values at a statistical accuracy of 0.4 pK units within sampling runs of only 10 ps duration, whereas statistical errors reduce to 0.1 pK units in 75 ps sampling runs, respectively. This readily enabled the required time resolution for the characterization of [Cax(CO3)y]2(x–y) aggregates with x=1,2 and y=1,2,3, respectively. In turn, the analysis of the pH‐dependent nature of calcite‐water interfaces and dynamically ordered liquid‐like oxyanion polymers (dollop) domains is outlined at 10 ps resolution.
Selective Reduction of Nitro Compounds by Organosilanes Catalyzed by a Zirconium Metal‐Organic Framework Supported Salicylaldimine‐Cobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Akhtar Naved , Chauhan Manav , Rana Bharti , Thadhani Chhaya , Kalita Rahul , Begum Wahida , Ghosh Biplab , Manna Kuntal
Published: November 2023

Reducing nitro compounds to amines is a fundamental reaction in producing valuable chemicals in industry. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a zirconium metal‐organic framework‐supported salicylaldimine‐cobalt(II) chloride (salim‐UiO‐CoCl) and its application in catalytic reduction of nitro compounds are reported. Salim‐UiO‐Co displayed excellent catalytic activity in chemoselective reduction of aromatic and aliphatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines in the presence of phenylsilane as a reducing agent under mild reaction conditions. Salim‐UiO‐Co catalyzed nitro reduction had a broad substrate scope with excellent tolerance to diverse functional groups, including easily reducible ones such as aldehyde, keto, nitrile, and alkene. Salim‐UiO‐Co MOF catalyst could be recycled and reused at least 14 times without noticeable losing activity and selectivity. Density functional theory (DFT) studies along with spectroscopic analysis were employed to get into a comprehensive investigation of the reaction mechanism. This work underscores the significance of MOF‐supported single‐site base‐metal catalysts for the sustainable and cost‐effective synthesis of chemical feedstocks and fine chemicals.
Association Between Use of Fluoroquinolones and Risk of Mitral or Aortic Valve Regurgitation: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Dong Yaa‐Hui , Wang Jiun‐Ling , Chang Chia‐Hsuin , Lin Jou‐Wei , Chen Yu‐An , Chen Chun‐Yu , Toh Sengwee
Published: November 2023

Biological plausibility suggests that fluoroquinolones may lead to mitral valve regurgitation or aortic valve regurgitation (MR/AR) through a collagen degradation pathway. However, available real‐world studies were limited and yielded inconsistent findings. We estimated the risk of MR/AR associated with fluoroquinolones compared with other antibiotics with similar indications in a population‐based cohort study. We identified adult patients who initiated fluoroquinolones or comparison antibiotics from the nationwide Taiwanese claims database. Patients were followed for up to 60 days after cohort entry. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MR/AR comparing fluoroquinolones to comparison antibiotics after 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching. All analyses were conducted by type of fluoroquinolone (fluoroquinolones as a class, respiratory fluoroquinolones, and non‐respiratory fluoroquinolones) and comparison antibiotic (amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam, extended‐spectrum cephalosporins). Among 6,649,284 eligible patients, the crude incidence rates of MR/AR ranged from 1.44 to 4.99 per 1,000 person‐years across different types of fluoroquinolones and comparison antibiotics. However, fluoroquinolone use was not associated with an increased risk in each pairwise PS‐matched comparison. HRs were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.89–1.11) for fluoroquinolones as a class, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.83–1.12) for respiratory fluoroquinolones, and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.75–1.01) for non‐respiratory fluoroquinolones, compared with amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam. Results were similar when fluoroquinolones were compared with extended‐spectrum cephalosporins (HRs of 0.96, 95% CI, 0.82–1.12, HR, 1.05, 95% CI, 0.86–1.28, and HR, 0.88, 95% CI, 0.75–1.03, respectively). This large‐scale cohort study did not find a higher risk of MR/AR with different types of fluoroquinolones in the adult population.
How to drive sustainable entrepreneurial intentions: Unraveling the nexus of entrepreneurship education ecosystem, attitude and orientation
Authors: Rajpal Manpreet , Singh Bindu
Published: November 2023

While the nexus of the entrepreneurial education (EE) framework shapes education policies and promotes entrepreneurial opportunities to achieve global sustainable development goals, studies on the potential mechanisms by which the ecosystem dimension of entrepreneurial education (EEE) influences entrepreneurial behavior are still scarce. To address these lacunae, this research study investigates the interaction between EEE elements (institutional environment, course curriculum, and academic incubators) and sustainable entrepreneurial intention (SEI) and in addition, examines the role of attitude towards sustainability (ATS) as a mediator from the resource dependence perspective, deploying the theories of planned behavior and social cognitive career. Furthermore, we examine the moderating role of sustainable entrepreneurial orientation (SEO) in the relationship between ATS and SEI. We developed and tested a model on a sample of 402 university and academic institution students with diverse academic backgrounds using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results indicate that ecosystem elements of EE and attitudinal attributes are crucial factors in promoting SEI. The indirect impact of EEE involves fostering ATS, which in turn augment SEI. The results also reveal that SEO is a moderator that shapes attitudes and career intentions towards sustainable entrepreneurship. In sum, the present empirical study sheds light on the pathway to build sustainable entrepreneurial careers through analyzing the ecosystem framework of entrepreneurship education. Implications, limitations, and future research avenues are discussed in detail.
A novel two‐stage solution for low‐power 48‐V voltage regulator module (VRM) using high step‐down hybrid LLC with integrated planar transformer
Authors: Lu Song , Ma Hongbo , Yi Junhong , Li Xiaobin , Pan Yu , Xu Jianping
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a novel two‐stage solution based on a 1‐MHz high step‐down hybrid LLC converter is proposed for low‐power 48 V voltage regulator modules (VRM). Since the hybrid LLC DCX converter with high step‐down ability is employed as the first‐stage, lower bus voltage can be obtained with the same transformer turns, which contributes to enhancing the duty cycle and efficiency of the second‐stage multi‐phase buck converter. Thus, an overall efficiency improvement can be achieved in the proposed two‐stage system, especially in low‐power applications. To further improve efficiency and power density, a novel integrated planar transformer is adopted for the double resonant tanks of the hybrid LLC converter. To validate the analysis, a 150‐W hardware prototype of the hybrid LLC converter is constructed in the laboratory. To ensure a fair comparison with existing LLC DCX designs, the output voltage is set at 6 V. The measured efficiency results of the first‐stage demonstrate an efficiency advantage at low power output levels compared to the similar full bridge LLC designs, especially at an output of around 100 W. Under the nominal 48‐V input, the first‐stage achieves a peak efficiency of 98.5% and a full load efficiency of 94.62%. Furthermore, a 4‐phase buck converter with nominal 6‐V input and 1.6‐V output is constructed to evaluate the efficiency performance of the overall system. When the second stage operates at 500 kHz, the proposed two‐stage system achieves a peak efficiency of 93.2% at 40A load, while maintaining an efficiency of 91.2% at 65A output. The calculated efficiency of the proposed two‐stage solution exhibits higher performance compared to the majority of single‐stage schemes.
Redundant node identification using Siamese neural network to enhance the availability in visual sensor network
Authors: Rajkumar K. , Paramasivan B.
Published: November 2023

Many monitoring applications related to surveillance, tracking and multipurpose visual monitoring have taken into consideration the use of wireless visual sensor networks. When sensors are deployed over a monitored field that could potentially damage the monitoring capability and availability in the visual sensor network. In order to overcome these issues, faulty nodes are identified and replaced by redundant node based on Siamese network in this research. Initially, camera nodes are randomly deployed in the visual sensor network, and the data are received from the network through gateway. To identify the redundant nodes, initially, the frames are divided into equivalent time slot, and then, Siamese network is utilized to identify the redundant nodes in a network. Siamese neural network is type of convolutional neural network that is utilized to recognize the similar images in the network. After that, faulty nodes are identified based on some parameters such as entropy, energy, transmission delay and network coverage. If the average energy, entropy, transmission delay and network coverage are below the threshold value, then the node is identified as faulty node. Finally, replace the faulty node with redundant node to enhance the availability in the visual sensor network for critical monitoring applications. The simulation analysis shows that the developed approach takes 772 s to identify redundant node and take 27 s to identify fake nodes and the developed method is executed at 1308 s. Thus, this prediction model helps to improve the coverage quality of target‐based monitoring in order to achieve availability.
Insects in the city: Determinants of a contained aquatic microecosystem across an urbanized landscape
Authors: Srivastava Diane S. , Harris Noam , Páez Nadia , Rogy Pierre , Westwood Natalie Elena , Sandoval‐Acuña Pablo , Seetharaman Keerthikrutha
Published: November 2023

Cities can have profound impacts on ecosystems, yet our understanding of these impacts is currently limited. First, the effects of the socioeconomic dimensions of human society are often overlooked. Second, correlative analyses are common, limiting our causal understanding of mechanisms. Third, most research has focused on terrestrial systems, ignoring aquatic systems that also provide important ecosystem services. Here we compare the effects of human population density and low‐income prevalence on the macroinvertebrate communities and ecosystem processes within water‐filled artificial tree holes. We hypothesized that these human demographic variables would affect tree holes in different ways via changes in temperature, water nutrients, and the local tree hole environment. We recruited community scientists across Greater Vancouver (Canada) to provide host trees and tend 50 tree holes over 14 weeks of colonization. We quantified tree hole ecosystems in terms of aquatic invertebrates, litter decomposition, and chlorophyll a (chl a). We compiled potential explanatory variables from field measurements, satellite images, or census databases. Using structural equation models, we showed that invertebrate abundance was affected by low‐income prevalence but not human population density. This was driven by cosmopolitan species of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) with known associations to anthropogenic containers. Invertebrate diversity and abundance were also affected by environmental factors, such as temperature, elevation, water nutrients, litter quantity, and exposure. By contrast, invertebrate biomass, chl a, and litter decomposition were not affected by any measured variables. In summary, this study shows that some urban ecosystems can be largely unaffected by human population density. Our study also demonstrates the potential of using artificial tree holes as a standardized, replicated habitat for studying urbanization. Finally, by combining community science and urban ecology, we were able to involve our local community in this pandemic research pivot.
Using surface environmental DNA to assess arthropod biodiversity within a forested ecosystem
Authors: Allen Michael C. , Lockwood Julie L. , Kwait Robert , Vastano Anthony R. , Peterson Donnie L. , Tkacenko Leon A. , Kisurin Alex , Stringham Oliver , Angle Jordan , Jaffe Benjamin
Published: November 2023

Terrestrial arthropods are a diverse taxonomic group of significant ecological and economic importance. Our ability to understand the diversity that comprises this group is hampered by the variety of sampling techniques and high level of taxonomic expertise required to identify individual species. DNA metabarcoding approaches have potential to overcome these challenges but have been mainly limited to studies where DNA is directly extracted from trapped individuals. We posit that collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) deposited on vegetation surfaces could provide an alternative method of conducting metabarcoding‐based arthropod inventories. In this study, we illustrate the promise of characterizing arthropod biodiversity based on eDNA collected from terrestrial plant surfaces. We collected 40 paired samples using two novel eDNA sampling techniques—tree bark and foliage sampling—in a New Jersey, USA, pine barrens forest. Metabarcoding using two primer sets revealed significantly higher taxonomic richness for the 16S versus COI primer set (1077 vs. 650 molecular operational taxonomic units; MOTUs), as well as higher richness and diversity in foliage versus bark samples. Accumulation curves suggest that our samples captured about half of the available MOTU‐level diversity. Matching to reference databases revealed 28 arthropod orders, 181 families, 353 genera, and 292 species. Despite having lower MOTU‐level richness, the COI primer set revealed more taxa that were identified to species (197 vs. 115) and genus (227 vs. 173) thanks to a more complete reference database. The two primer sets and sampling substrates showed distinct community compositions that differed in important ecological traits (feeding guild, body size), demonstrating the utility of a multi‐faceted sampling and analytical approach. Our study highlights the value of exploiting eDNA left on plant surfaces via metabarcoding for contributing to rapid arthropod inventories, and thus realizing a range of ecological research and management goals.
Accountability in the environmental crisis: From microsocial practices to moral orders
Authors: Lidskog Rolf , Standring Adam
Published: November 2023

The global environmental crisis is the result of a complex web of causation and distributed agency, where not even the most powerful individual actors can be considered responsible nor remedy the situation alone. This has prompted multiple calls across societies for transformative social change. What role can accountability play in this context? Starting in the theoretical traditions of microsociology and pragmatic sociology, this article elaborates the role of accountability in social interactions. To provide an account that justifies an action or inaction is here understood as a process of social ordering, where accounts are assessed as acceptable only after they have been tested against higher normative principles. Microsocial practices are, in this way, linked to macrosocial order. The following section turns to the global environmental crisis, showing that the crisis raises normative as well as epistemic challenges. The complexity of the socio‐environmental situation makes it hard to know what should be done and opens normative orders and epistemic claims to contestation. This situation provides increased opportunities for strategic maneuvering to justify actions as well as opportunities to question social practices and social order. The article concludes by discussing the role of accountability in climate change. Accountability can serve as a mechanism to attach issues to the current environmental crisis and re‐embed decisions and practice in an environmental moral order. As part of a broader palette of instruments, rules and norms, accountability has an important function to play in transforming society towards sustainability.
2‐Hydroxypyridines as N‐ and O‐Nucleophiles in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Li Shi‐Wei , Wang Gang , Ye Zhi‐Shi
Published: November 2023

2‐Hydroxypyridines have emerged as versatile nucleophiles in organic synthesis. The N‐ and O‐functionalization of 2‐hydroxypyridines affords straightforward and practical methods for the construction of N‐substituted 2‐pyridones and O‐substituted 2‐hydroxypyridines, which are important structural motifs in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds. Nonetheless, the competition between N‐ and O‐functionalization of 2‐hydroxypyridines presents an inevitable and formidable challenge. In the past few decades, chemoselective N‐ and/or O‐functionalization of 2‐hydroxypyridines has received extensive attention from the synthetic community, resulting in the development of elegant and effective strategies to address this chemoselectivity. This review provides a summary of recent advancements in the realm of transition‐metal and organo‐catalyzed, as well as visible‐light promoted chemoselective functionalization of 2‐hydroxypyridines, including N‐alkylation, N‐allylation, N‐arylation, N‐alkenylation, O‐alkylation, O‐allylation, O‐arylation, and O‐alkenylation.