bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Bacterial Conjunctivitis and Allergic Conjunctivitis in Pakistan
Authors: Jandan Nisar Ahmed , Khan Nisar Ahmed , Jamali Maqbool Ahmed , Abbasi Ashfaque Ahmed , Rehman Ateeq-Ur-
Published: April 2022

Objective: To find the prevalence of bacterial conjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis in Pakistan. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, People Medical College Hospital Nawabshah from 1st January 2019 to 30th June 2019. Methodology: One hundred patients age between 8-15 years were enrolled depending upon their clinical symptoms of conjunctivitis. Each patient sample was then taken though conjunctival swab test and sent to laboratory for confirmation. Allergic conjunctivitis and bacterial conjunctivitis were identified with slit lamp examination, while Allergic conjunctivitis was confirmed through presence of the papillae in the upper portion of the tarsal conjunctiva correlating with the clinical symptoms of the patient. Results: The mean age of the patients was 13.3±3.4 years. The allergic conjunctivitis was observed in 18.18% of total examined cases while 12.72% had bacterial conjunctivitis. The odds ratio between boys and girls with 95% Confidence interval showed no significant variance between allergic conjunctivitis and bacterial conjunctivitis patients. Within the bacterial conjunctivitis positive cases majority of the patients suffered from staphylococcus aureus followed by hemophilic influenzae. Conclusion: Significant cases of allergic and bacterial conjunctivitis were found. Keywords: Allergic conjunctivitis; Bacterial conjunctivitis; Children; Vision Impairment
Comparison of Efficacy of Dentifrice Containing 8% Arginine and 8% Strontium Acetate in Reducing Dentinal Hypersensitivity
Authors: Langrial Rizwan Zafar , Kundi Jawad Ahmad , Batool Syed Midhat , Shah Syeda Lalarukh Saba , Rahim Abid , Farooq Afaq
Published: April 2022

Aim: To find out the effect of dentifrice containing 8% strontium acetate and 8% arginine in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontology, Gandhara University Peshawar from 1st June 2014 to 31st October 2021. Methodology: Six hundred and twenty five patients were enrolled. The study was conducted in Sardar Begum Dental Hospital, Gandhara University Peshawar. They were divided into two groups; Group A were using dentifrice that contains 1450ppm sodium monofluorophosphate and 8.0% arginine whereas patients of group B were given dentifrice which contains 1040 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride and 8% strontium acetate. Results: The mean difference was 0.59 of the initial less than one min Schiff values in both the groups. On the other hand, Schiff values in both the groups after 8 week application was 0.26. Likewise, difference in baseline mean values was 2.32 while 1 min post-application mean difference for strontium acetate and arginine was 7.13 and 2.88 respectively. Conclusion: Significant decreased in hypersensitivity in patient using the arginine and strontium acetate. Therefore it was an effective dentifrices in decreasing in office hypersensitivity. Keywords: Efficacy, Dentifrice, Dentinal hypersensitivity
Insight and Behaviour of General Population Regarding Modifiable Risk Factors for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Mohsin Saima Naz , Muddassir Ambreen , Shakoor Abdul , Razi Amir , Khan Isba Muzaffar , Ateeq Shazia
Published: April 2022

Aim: To assess the awareness of general population regarding risk factors and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from 1st January 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: Four hundred and ninety two subjects were enrolled. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data concerning knowledge attitude and practices of study participants regarding CVD. Results: Majority of the participants were aware of the fact that by reducing BMI <25237(48.1%), good control of blood pressure335 (68.1%), regular exercise, 286(58.1%), reduce stress 457(92.9%), and avoid smoking 391(79.5%) were the majors modification of risk factors that are required for the prevention of CVD. Only few 76(15.4%), 120(24.4%) 54(10.9%) were aware of other risk factors modification including; maintain high level of HDL and maintain low levels of LDL, avoidance smokeless tobacco respectively as preventive measure of CVD. However there was a misconception that the fatty meals and saturated fats do not increase cholesterol and are beneficial for heart health. Major reasons for not being able to adopt a healthy lifestyle were limited access to outdoor and indoor exercise (68%), financial constraints (61%) inability of individuals to avoid passive smoking (51%) and busy life style (44%). Conclusion: General population has sufficient knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of CVD. Somehow they are not practicing healthy lifestyle for disease prevention. There is a need to counsel people to adopt healthy lifestyle and avoid risk factors leading to CVD.
A Mathematical Algorithms of Covid-19 and intervention programme in India
Authors: Jagathesan Dr.T.
Published: April 2022

Covid-19 intervention strategies consists of lockdown, quarantine, hospitalization, vaccination and SOP procedure. In India, such intervention strategies or programmes implemented in India has brought tremendous results with reduction in the spread. These strategies have optimised the three phases peak level of the pandemic to converge confirming the decline in the country. Some of the coronavirus research studies reviewed shows the nuances of Covid-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions, pharmaceutical interventions and other measures. Mask-based intervention and maintaining social-distancing plays an important role in curbing the Covid-19. The amount spent on combating Covid-19 varies from the highest of 967 percent of GDP in India followed by 187 percent of GDP in Turkey, 11.8 percent of GDP in UK and fiscal Support via Loans and Loan Guarantees is more with 15.9 percent of GDP in Czech, 10.9 percent in UK etc. The Covid-19 has impacted all the sectors and its efficacy with reduced growth rate is seen in the major industries like electricity, coal, finished steel, cement, crude petroleum, petroleum refinery products, natural gas and fertilizers. In the epistemological studies, mathematical tools have been used to analyse the impact of virus. Mathematical algorithm is devised to lists out the parameters involving Covid-19 intervention strategies have been attempted in this study.
Rezension von: Lorenz, Sönke; Auge, Oliver; Hirbodian, Sigrid (Hrsg.), Handbuch der Stiftskirchen in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Schreiber Klaus , Lorenz Sönke , Auge Oliver , Hirbodian Sigrid
Published: April 2022

Sönke Lorenz (†), Oliver Auge und Sigrid Hirbodian (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Stiftskirchen in Baden-Württemberg. Thorbecke Verlag Ostfildern 2019. 720 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen. Fest gebunden € 58,–. ISBN 978-3-7995-1154-4
Rezension von: Sepaintner, Fred Ludwig (Hrsg.), Baden-Württembergische Biographien, Band VII
Authors: Wrobbel Sibylle , Sepaintner Fred Ludwig
Published: April 2022

Fred Ludwig Sepaintner (Hrsg.): Baden-Württembergische Biographien, Band VII. W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart 2019. XXXII, 671 Seiten mit einigen Abbildungen. Fester Einband € 27,–. ISBN 978-3-17-037113-2
Rezension von: Bross-Burkhardt, Brunhilde, 50 sagenhafte Naturdenkmale in Baden-Württemberg (Odenwald, Neckarland, Hohenlohe, Ostalb, Nordschwarzwald)
Authors: Wolf Reinhard , Bross-Burkhardt Brunhilde
Published: April 2022

Brunhilde Bross-Burkhardt: 50 sagenhafte Naturdenkmale in Baden-Württemberg (Odenwald, Neckarland, Hohenlohe, Ostalb, Nordschwarzwald). Steffen Verlag Stuttgart 2020. 190 Seiten mit über 100 Abbildungen. Broschur € 14,95. ISBN 978-3-95799-090-7
Rezension von: Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Säugetiere (Mammalia) Deutschlands
Authors: Wolf Reinhard
Published: April 2022

Bundesamt für Naturschutz: Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Säugetiere (Mammalia) Deutschlands. (Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt, Heft 170). Bundesamt für Naturschutz Bonn-Bad Godesberg 2020. 73 Seiten. Broschur € 16,–. ISBN 978-3-7843-3772-2
Rezension von: Bickhoff, Nicole; Mährle, Wolfgang (Hrsg.), Romantik in Württemberg
Authors: Raffelt Albert , Bickhoff Nicole , Mährle Wolfgang
Published: April 2022

Nicole Bickhoff und Wolfgang Mährle (Hrsg.): Romantik in Württemberg Tagung des Arbeitskreises für Landes- und Ortsgeschichte im Verband der Württembergischen Geschichts- und Altertumsvereine am 14. Juni 2018 im Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart; Festakt zum 175 jährigen Bestehen des Württembergischen Geschichts- und Altertumsvereins am 13. Juni 2018. W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart 2020. 253 Seiten. Fest gebunden € 28,–. ISBN 978-3-17-039340-0
Rezension von: Steinmetz, Dirk, Die Gregorianische Kalenderreform von 1582
Authors: Mütz Karl , Steinmetz Dirk
Published: April 2022

Dirk Steinmetz: Die Gregorianische Kalenderreform von 1582. Korrektur der christlichen Zeitrechnung in der Frühen Neuzeit. Oftersheim: Verlag Dirk Steinmetz 2011. 502 S. mit 62 Abb. und 30 Tab. ISBN 978-3-943051-00-1. Geb. € 69,80
Rezension von: Walter, Bastian, Informationen, Wissen und Macht
Authors: Kram Benjamin , Walter Bastian
Published: April 2022

Bastian Walter, Informationen, Wissen und Macht, Akteure und Techniken städtischer Außenpolitik: Bern, Straßburg und Basel im Kontext der Burgunderkriege (1468–1477) (Vierteljahresschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte – Beihefte, Bd. 218), Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2012. 352 S. ISBN 978-3-515-10132-5. € 62,–
Rezension von: Schneider, Joachim (Hrsg.), Kommunikationsnetze des Ritteradels im Reich um 1500
Authors: Gallion Nina , Schneider Joachim
Published: April 2022

Joachim Schneider (Hg.), Kommunikationsnetze des Ritteradels im Reich um 1500 (Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Bd. 69), Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2012. 232 S. ISBN 978-3-515-10279-7. Geb. € 42,–
Rezension von: Wagner, Ulrich, Stadt und Stadtverderben
Authors: Baibl Lorenz , Wagner Ulrich
Published: April 2022

Stadt und Stadtverderben, hg. von Ulrich Wagner (Stadt in der Geschichte, Veröffentlichungen des Südwestdeutschen Arbeitskreises für Stadtgeschichtsforschung 37), Ostfildern: Thorbecke 2012. 373 S. ISBN 978-3-7995-6437-3. Brosch. € 34,90
Rezension von: Hübner, Klara, Im Dienste ihrer Stadt
Authors: Herold Jürgen , Hübner Klara
Published: April 2022

Klara Hübner, Im Dienste ihrer Stadt, Boten- und Nachrichtenorganisationen in den schweizerisch-oberdeutschen Städten des Späten Mittelalters (Mittelalter-Forschungen 30), Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag 2012. 400 S. ISBN 978-3-7995-4281-4. € 54,–
Rezension von: Flachenecker, Helmut; Kießling, Rolf (Hrsg.), Wirtschaftslandschaften in Bayern
Authors: Maier Franz , Flachenecker Helmut , Kießling Rolf
Published: April 2022

Helmut Flachenecker und Rolf Kießling (Hg.), Wirtschaftslandschaften in Bayern, Studien zur Entstehung und Entwicklung ökonomischer Raumstrukturen vom Mittelalter bis ins 19. Jahrhundert, München: Beck 2010. X, 473 S. ISBN 978-3-406-10722-1. Geb. € 42,–
Rezension von: Warthmann, Stefan, Die katholische Tübinger Schule
Authors: Schmider Christoph , Warthmann Stefan
Published: April 2022

Stefan Warthmann, Die katholische Tübinger Schule, Zur Geschichte ihrer Wahrnehmung (Contubernium. Tübinger Beiträge zur Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Bd. 75), Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2011. XI + 639 S. ISBN 978-3-515-09856-4. Geb. € 94,–
Rezension von: Fritz, Gerhard (Hrsg.), Historischer Campusführer Schwäbisch Gmünd
Authors: Schweizer Alois , Fritz Gerhard
Published: April 2022

Gerhard Fritz (Hg.), Historischer Campusführer Schwäbisch Gmünd, Mit Beiträgen von Gerhard Fritz und Reinhard Kuhnert unter Mitarbeit von Helga Kaiser, Karl-Philipp Kraus, Kai Moll, Hariolf Schmid, Joana Spinu und Andreas Withalm, Schwäbisch Gmünd: Einhorn-Verlag 2012. 95 S. ISBN 978-3-936373-85-1
Rezension von: König, Hans (Hrsg.), Heinrich Preschers Briefe an Justinus Kerner 1812–1824
Authors: Knödler Stefan , Prescher Johann Philipp Heinrich
Published: April 2022

Heinrich Preschers Briefe an Justinus Kerner 1812–1824, hg. von Hans König, Plaidt: Cardamina 2012. 92 S. ISBN 978-3-86424-072-0. Geb. € 15,–
Rezension von: Denke, Andrea, Konrad Grünembergs Pilgerreise ins Heilige Land 1486
Authors: Herbers Klaus , Denke Andrea
Published: April 2022

Andrea Denke, Konrad Grünembergs Pilgerreise ins Heilige Land 1486, Untersuchung, Edition und Kommentar (Stuttgarter Historische Forschungen, Bd. 11), Köln/Weimar/Wien: Böhlau Verlag 2011. 587 S., 16 farb. Abb. ISBN 978-3-412-20608-6. Geb. € 74,90
Rezension von: von Hippel, Wolfgang (Hrsg.), Türkensteuer und Bürgerzählung
Authors: Langensteiner Matthias , Hippel Wolfgang von
Published: April 2022

Wolfgang von Hippel (Hg.), Türkensteuer und Bürgerzählung, Statistische Materialien zu Bevölkerung und Wirtschaft des Herzogtums Württemberg im 16. Jahrhundert, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2009. 356 S. ISBN 978-3-17-020763-9. € 48,–
Rezension von: Oberrat der Israeliten Badens (Hrsg.), Jüdisches Leben in Baden 1809 bis 2009
Authors: Bickhoff Nicole , Oberrat der Israeliten Badens
Published: April 2022

Jüdisches Leben in Baden 1809 bis 2009, 200 Jahre Oberrat der Israeliten Badens, Festschrift, hg. von dem Oberrat der Israeliten Badens, Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke 2009. 291 S., 52 s/w Abb. Geb. mit Umschlag. ISBN 978-3-7995-0827-8. € 24,90
Rezension von: Twiehaus, Christiane, Synagogen im Großherzogtum Baden (1806–1918)
Authors: Hahn Joachim , Twiehaus Christiane
Published: April 2022

Christiane Twiehaus, Synagogen im Großherzogtum Baden (1806–1918), Eine Untersuchung zu ihrer Rezeption in den öffentlichen Medien, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter 2012. 251 S., 1 CD. ISBN 978-3-8253-5917-1. € 45,–
Rezension von: Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.), „Welche Welt ist meine Welt?“
Authors: Bickhoff Nicole , Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg
Published: April 2022

„Welche Welt ist meine Welt?“ – Jüdische Frauen im deutschen Südwesten, hg. vom Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg (Laupheimer Gespräche 2004), Heidelberg: Winter-Verlag 2009. 244 S., 17 s/w Abb. ISBN 987-3-8253-5656-1. € 14,–
Rezension von: Schmidt-Degenhard, Tobias, Vermessen und Vernichten
Authors: Gründler Jens , Schmidt-Degenhard Tobias Joachim
Published: April 2022

Tobias Schmidt-Degenhard, Vermessen und Vernichten, Der NS-„Zigeunerforscher“ Robert Ritter (Contubernium. Tübinger Beiträge zur Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte 76), Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2012. 246 S., 8 Abb. ISBN 978-3-515-09277-7. € 44,–
Rezension von: Wunder, Bernd, Kleine Geschichte der Kriege und Festungen am Oberrhein
Authors: Neuburger Andreas , Wunder Bernd
Published: April 2022

Bernd Wunder, Kleine Geschichte der Kriege und Festungen am Oberrhein 1630–1945, Karlsruhe: G. Braun 2013. 231 S. mit 30 Abb. ISBN 978-3-7650-8546-8. Geb. € 19,95
Rezension von: Schiffer, Peter (Hrsg.), Aufbruch in die Neuzeit
Authors: Neumaier Helmut , Schiffer Peter
Published: April 2022

Peter Schiffer (Hg.), Aufbruch in die Neuzeit, Das nördliche Württemberg im 16. Jahrhundert (Forschungen aus Württembergisch Franken, Bd. 53), Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke 2012. 139 S. mit zahlr. Abb. u. Karten. ISBN 978-3-7995-7654-3. € 30,–
Rezension von: Kreisgeschichtsverein Calw (Hrsg.), Einst & heute, Ausgabe 2013
Authors: Huber Konstantin , Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Landkreis Calw
Published: April 2022

Einst & heute, Historisches Jahrbuch für den Landkreis Calw. Ausgabe 2013, hg. vom Kreisgeschichtsverein Calw, Horb am Neckar: Geigerdruck. 176 S., mit zahlr., teils farb. Abb. ISBN 978-3-86595-524-1. € 9,–
Rezension von: Kaffanke, Jakobus; Kammerer, Frieder; Meyer, Fredy (Hrsg.), Alte Burg und Ort der Stille
Authors: Kuhn Elmar L. , Kaffanke Jakobus , Kammerer Frieder , Meyer Fredy
Published: April 2022

Jakobus Kaffanke/Frieder Kammerer/Fredy Meyer (Hg.), Alte Burg und Ort der Stille, 1000 Jahre Ramsberg im Linzgau (Hegau-Bibliothek 155), Meßkirch: Gmeiner 2012. 237 S., zahlr. Abb. ISBN 978-3-8392-1333-9. Geb. € 19,90
Rezension von: Steiger, Uli (Bearb.), Die neuzeitlichen nichtliturgischen Handschriften des Zisterzienserklosters Salem
Authors: Kottmann Carsten , Steiger Uli
Published: April 2022

Die neuzeitlichen nichtliturgischen Handschriften des Zisterzienserklosters Salem, bearb. von Uli Steiger (Kataloge der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg 10), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2012. XLVIII, 606 S. ISBN 978-3-447-06754-6. Ln. € 158,–
Rezension von: Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Bayerischer Landtag, Kammer der Reichsräte ...
Authors: Storm Monika
Published: April 2022

Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Bayerischer Landtag: Kammer der Reichsräte, bearb. von Renate Herget und Stefan Thiery (Bayerische Archivinventare, hg. von der Generaldirektion der Staatlichen Archive Bayerns Bd. 59/1), München 2011. 591 S. ISBN 978-3-938831-31-1. € 25,–Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Bayerischer Landtag: Kammer der Abgeordneten, I. Ausschuss: Justizwesen, II. Ausschuss: Finanzwesen, bearb. von Renate Herget und Stefan Thiery (Bayerische Archivinventare, hg. von der Generaldirektion der Staatlichen Archive Bayerns Bd. 59/2), München 2011. 653 S. ISBN 978-3-938831-32-8. € 25,–
Rezension von: Hering, Rainer; Kretzschmar, Robert (Hrsg.), Zeitgeschichte, Archive und Geheimschutz
Authors: Miegel Annekathrin , Hering Rainer , Kretzschmar Robert
Published: April 2022

Zeitgeschichte, Archive und Geheimschutz, Beiträge einer Sektion auf dem 49. Deutschen Historikertag 2012 in Mainz, hg. von Rainer Hering und Robert Kretzschmar, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2013. 72 S. ISBN 978-3-17-024436-8. € 8,–
Rezension von: Gonzaga, Barbara, Die Briefe (1455–1508)
Authors: Fuchs Franz , Barbara Württemberg
Published: April 2022

Barbara Gonzaga: Die Briefe / Le Lettere (1455–1508), bearb. von / a cura di Christina Antenhofer, Axel Behne, Daniela Ferrari, Jürgen Herold und Peter Rückert, Übersetzung von / traduzione di Valentina Nucera, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2013. 492 S. mit 51 Abb. ISBN 978-3-17-023381-2. Geb. € 49,–
Rezension von: Eckhardt, Wilhelm A. (Bearb.), Das Frankenberger Stadtrechtsbuch
Authors: Weber Raimund J. , Eckhardt Wilhelm A.
Published: April 2022

Das Frankenberger Stadtrechtsbuch, bearb. von Wilhelm A. Eckhardt (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Hessen 13: Quellen zur Rechtsgeschichte der hessischen Städte, Bd. 8). Marburg: Historische Kommission für Hessen 2014. XLII, 189 S. 1 Farbtafel (Karte). ISBN 978-3-942225-22-9. Geb. € 29,–
Rezension von: Reysmann, Theodor, De obitu Iohannis Stoefler Iustingani mathematici Tubingensis elegia
Authors: Mütz Karl , Reysmann Theodor
Published: April 2022

Dirk Kottke, Theodor Reysmann / De obitu Iohannis Stoefler Iustingani, mathematici Tubingensis elegia, Ein Gedicht auf den Tod des Tübinger Astronomen Johannes Stöffler (1452–1531), Edition, Übersetzung und Kommentar mit einem Verzeichnis der poetischen Werke Reysmanns, SPUDASMATA, Bd. 156, Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag 2013. 125 S. ISBN 978-3-487-15091-8. Kart. € 29,80
Rezension von: Burkhardt, Martin, Archive der Freiherren von Degenfeld-Neuhaus und Gemmingen-Hornberg-Babstadt
Authors: Brüser Joachim , Burkhardt Martin
Published: April 2022

Martin Burkhardt, Archive der Freiherren von Degenfeld-Neuhaus und Gemmingen- Hornberg-Babstadt, Urkundenregesten 1439 bis 1902 (Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive in Baden-Württemberg, Bd. 39), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2013. 242 S. ISBN 978-3-17-023346-1. Geb. € 24,–
XV. ve XVI. Yüzyıllarda Balkanlarda Çeltik Üretimi Yapan Bir Zümre: Yörükler
Authors: ÇITAK Havva , ORHAN Kılıç
Published: April 2022

Kuruluş yıllarında konar-göçer hayatın izlerini bünyesinde bulunduran Osmanlılar, Rumeli’ye geçip devletleşme sürecini tamamladıktan sonra Anadolu’dan getirdiği kalabalık nüfusa sahip olan Yörük, Türkmen, konar-göçer, göçebe vs. diye tabir edilen edilebilen toplulukları, nüfusun yoğun olmadığı bölgeleri iskân etmek, ana yolları ve köprüleri korumak, orduya ulaşım hizmeti vermek, malzeme temin etmek, gemi tamiri ve malzeme toplama gibi amaçlarla kullanmıştır. Balkanların fethedilmesi, Türkleştirilmesi, İslamlaştırılması ve şenlendirilmesinde büyük katkıları bulunan Yörüklerin farklı bir alanda da iştigal ettikleri ve çeltik ziraatı yaptıkları tespit edilmiştir. Pirincin hammaddesi olarak tanımlanabilecek çeltik, çok eski tarihlerden itibaren ziraatı yapılan ve tüketilen bir tarım ürünüdür. Çeltik üretiminin ilk olarak Uzakdoğu’da Çinliler tarafından yapıldığı düşünülmektedir. Daha sonra Hunlar ve Uygurlarda, Anadolu’da ise çeltik üretiminin ilk örneklerini Memluk Devleti ve Dulkadırlu Beyliği’nde görüyoruz. Daha sonra Osmanlılar çeltik üretimini artırmış ve yeni fetihlerle başka coğrafyalara taşımışlardır. Çeltik bitkisi, ziraatı oldukça zor ve çok emek isteyen, suya olan daimi ihtiyacından dolayı toprak seçen, diğer tahıllara oranla daha pahalı ve lüks tüketim maddeleri arasında gösterilen bir bitkidir. Özellikle konar-göçer çiftçi reayanın hukuki, mali durumlarının ortaya konulmasının bu alandaki mevcut bilgilere katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda XV. ve XVI. yüzyıllarda Balkanlarda çeltik ziraat eden Yörüklerin bu faaliyetleri inceleme konusu olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Strategy to Increase Sales of Deposit Products at Bank Sumut Syariah KCP Binjai
Authors: Batubara Indah Wulan sari , Syarvina Wahyu
Published: April 2022

This research was made because of the increasing intense competition in the sale of Islamic banking products, both in terms of marketing and promotion so that it will have an effect on earning profits at PT Bank Sumut Syariah KCP Binjai. The formulation of the problem studied is what is the strategy to increase sales of Islamic banking products at PT Bank SUMUT Syariah and what are the strategies used in implementing sales of Islamic banking products to get maximum profit at PT Bank SUMUT Syariah. The purpose of this study is to improve the sales strategy of Islamic banking products in order to achieve maximum profit. The research conducted is descriptive qualitative research using field research methods, namely observations and interviews conducted by analyzing data sourced from the research location or place, namely regarding the Sales Strategy of Islamic Banking Products at PT. Bank SUMUT Syariah KCP Binjai. The results of the research obtained are the sales strategy of Islamic banking products used by PT Bank SUMUT Syariah, namely by socializing in the marketing or marketing department, both in distributing brochures, pamphlets, as well as holding socialization seminars both in schools and other agencies to achieve certain goals, namely achieve maximum profit.
Analysis of The Impact of Change in Palm Oil’s Price on The Welfare of Farmers
Authors: Zahra Rizkia , Yafiz Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Analysis of the Impact of Changes in Palm Oil Prices on the Welfare of Independent Smallholders. This study aims to analyze the impact of changes in oil palm prices on the welfare of farmers. The benefit of this research is to know the extent of the influence of changes in oil palm prices on the welfare of farmers, besides that farmers are more observant in caring for and reducing expenses in caring for oil palm land so that agricultural productivity and oil palm prices are in line with farmers' expectations. The research method used in this study is quantitative with the questionnaire method. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear analysis with the help of SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that changes in FFB prices on farmers' welfare can be seen that the effect of changes in oil palm prices is 0.778. The significance value for the effect of changes in FFB prices on farmers' welfare is 0.06 > 0.05 and the t-count value is 9.253 > t-table 2.02439.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of the My Tirtanadi Application as a Community Service Solution (Case Study : PDAM TIRTANADI)
Authors: Putri Salsabila , Yafiz Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Service is one of the important factors that can be prioritized by the regional drinking water company (PDAM) TIRTANADI Tuasan branch to the entire community to obtain maximum satisfaction. Before or before the online application became a comparison by the community, which used to be difficult in registration and payment activities, now it can be accessed from home only via Android. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the effectiveness of the my tirtanadi application on payments made by the community. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative in the form of interviews and observations. The results of this study are the ineffectiveness of the my tirtanadi application in the convenience of the community, because the application often has errors and lacks complete menus or options to meet customer needs.
Investigation on military hospital nurses about esprit de corps
Authors: Patandung Amos , Setiawan Margono , Mintarti Mintarti , Sabil Ananda
Published: April 2022

This study analyses the relationship between job discomfort and burnout on the intention to leave nurses and the moderating effect of Esprit de corps between job discomfort and intention to leave. The study used a sample of 220 voluntary nurse respondents from a total population of 606 nurses at the Hospital Gatot Subroto Jakarta. The sampling technique uses the 5% Slovin Formula. Data collection is based on survey techniques and questionnaires. Moderation analysis is used in solving the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) equation model using SmartPLS 3. The findings show that: 1) work discomfort has a significant effect on the intention to leave/quit nurses; 2) work fatigue has a significant effect on the intention to leave/quit nurses, and 3) esprit de corps strengthens the relationship between work discomfort and intention to leave/quit. The research findings reinforce previous studies conducted by Maslach & Leiter, 2017; Spence Laschinger et al., 2009; Cortina & Magley, 2009. Future research is expected to examine hospitals with military backgrounds' culture and organisational identity.
Probabilistic Analysis of Covid-19 Pandemic in Kenya Using Markov Chain
Authors:   University of Embu, Mugambi Joseph , Attitwa Benson Edwine ,   University of Embu, Gitonga Cyrus Ngari ,   University of Embu
Published: April 2022

Since the inception of Covid-19 in China, the economies around the world have been on the turmoil. This is because China has a direct correlation with most economies in the world; they depend on it directly or indirectly. On 13th March, 2020 the first case of COVID-19 in Kenya a 27-year-old Kenyan woman who traveled from the US via London, was confirmed. The Kenyan government identified and isolated a number of people who had come into contact with the first case. On 15 March 2020, the president of Kenya directed that a number of measures be taken to curb COVID-19, some of those measures included; dusk to dawn curfew, secession of movement and mandatory quarantine of suspected cases. Based on the available literature, probabilistic predictions using steady state Markov chain allow to assess the uncertainty of the COVID-19 comprehensively. Therefore they are preferable to forecasts for the mean or median COVID-19 only. The probabilistic COVID-19 predictions allow to derive probabilistic forecasts for the number of patients who are still at the ICU at a certain day in future. This may be useful for planning purposes. From the probabilities for single patients, one may compute the probability that any given number of patients is still at the ICU after t days. However, in Kenya there is scanty information on analysis of COVID-19 using steady state Markov Chain. The aim of this study was therefore be to carry out probabilistic analysis of COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya using Markov chain. The study was a literature based, in which the researcher reviewed surveys books, scholarly journals, and other secondary sources relevant to the current study topic. The findings revealed that one of the most important uses of steady state Markov chain in analyzing COVID-19 pandemic situation in Kenya is that it compares performances for different states of affairs and courses of action within the health sector, by using system steady state performance measurements. The study concludes that steady state Markov chain is beneficial in simulating the corona infection in numerous stages. It is thus recommended that there is need for policy-makers to seek regional and global solutions to COVID-19 disease instead of limited solutions within the country. Keywords: Steady State, Markov chain, COVID-19 Pandemic, Transition Matrix
Tenure and Investment in Africa: Comparative Analysis of Key Trends and Contextual Factors
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative,   TMP Systems
Published: April 2022

An empirical picture of the causes and effects of tenure-related disputes between private sector actors and local peoples across different sub-regions and countries in Africa, this analysis details statistical evidence of key trends in tenure-related disputes, including their causes as well as the prevalence of violence, work stoppages, and regulatory interventions. These key trends are based on an analysis of 32 case studies evenly spread across East, West, and Southern Africa. These “new cases” are compared with a global average derived from the IAN Case Study Database’s 281 cases outside Africa. In addition, we have completed a temporal analysis of some of the key trends to determine how conflicts have changed over the last few decades. The high-level view provided here is complemented by separate examinations of the three African sub-regions, each of which profiles the case studies in depth and provides a more nuanced view of how tenure-related disputes develop and how they can be resolved.
Tenure and Investment in Africa: Synthesis Report
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative
Published: April 2022

This synthesis of our findings from an investigation of tenure risk in East, West, and Southern Africa, shows that a majority of tenure disputes are caused by the displacement of local peoples, indicating that companies and investors are not doing enough to understand competing claims to the land they acquire or lease. This failure in diligence is particularly noteworthy given that a majority of the disputes analyzed had materially significant impacts: indeed, a higher proportion of projects in Africa are financially impacted by tenure dispute than any other region in the world.
Issues and Challenges Faced by Islamic Financial Institutions in Canada
Authors: Benaziez Samia , Hassan Rusni
Published: April 2022

Despite the fact that Canada is a major and important host for Muslim individuals, that it has a long history welcoming Muslims and that it generally respects minority rights, religions and cultures, Islamic Finance is still at its infancy stage in the country. This paper aims at studying the reasons of this stagnant stage including the issues and challenges behind these reasons. After a thorough study done with managers of Islamic Financial Institutions in Canada, different issues and challenges emerged. These are connected in some cases and independent in others with the major ones being Government inertia towards Islamic Finance, Muslim community inertia towards asking for their rights as well as the failure of some Islamic Financial Institutions.
Gender: The Moderator Role Between Materialism, Customer Value and Customer Loyality
Authors: Hasnin Eman Abdulhmeed , AlQahtani Munirah Sarhan , Othman Somia Abdulkader
Published: April 2022

This research aims to study relationship between materialism, customer value and customer loyalityand test the role of gender as a moderator variable. The questionnaire-measuring used to investigate the relationship between materialism, customer value, and customer loyalty with a moderating role of gender. The scale consists of five Likert scale. After reviewing the theoretical frame, the researcher suggested the use of modifiable, reliable and valid scales for each variable as well as using SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis purposes. The scale to measure the level of materialism. The study indicates that Saudi youth is moving towards awareness and awareness of the brand and seeks to build a personal identity through their favorite brands. This has been helped by the high level of income as it has appeared more among young people than young women. There is also an increasing trend amongst women towards fashion clothing. More than traditional clothes, ownership has also been achieved for them by creating the great sense of happiness that they feel. Materialism has also been linked, to a great extent, to values, customs and traditions, and this is taken into consideration when moving towards materialism.
Paschimi Rajasthan mein pawan chakkiyon dwara vidyut utpadan hetu vayu vishleshan
Authors: VISHNOI BADRI NARAYAN
Published: April 2022

Generation of electrical energy from wind-mills, has assumed significant importance in the context of the energy crisis over the world community. As the fossil fuels are limited and regular consumption of the same causes the air pollution and global warming, hence it is time to adopt un-traditional methods like solar-energy, wind-energy, hydro-energy and tidal-energy in addition to traditional methods.

Subtropical region where most of the world's deserts are spreaded and heat low formed as the day progress and a shallow level strong wind ( Aandhi ) starts to blow from May to August. Four frontiers district of Western Rajasthan (i.e., Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur and Barmer has been selected, where huge area of land is in the form of hillock and sand-dunes) can be utilized by installation of wind-mills with proper management, selection of location, type & design of wind-mills.

Wind recorded by anemometer on every synoptic hour has been classified into four categories i.e., light wind (L= 0 to 9 kmph ), moderate wind (M=10 to 14 kmph), strong wind (S=15 to 19 kmph) and very strong wind (VS= 20 kmph & above). Wind speed data were collected for all the four stations for ten years period (1 January 1999 to 31 December 2008 ). Category wise frequency distributions for all the stations have prepared. To get-rid of green house gases effect of air pollution, un-traditional energy development methods have to be implemented for safer environment and development of agriculture and industrialisation.
Concomitant Glenohumeral Instability and Rotator Cuff Injury: An Epidemiologic and Case-Control Analysis in Military Cadets
Authors: Zhou Liang , Gee Shawn M. , Posner Matthew A. , Cameron Kenneth L.
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Concomitant rotator cuff tear and glenohumeral instability in a large cohort of young and active patients has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, associated variables, and outcomes in military cadets undergoing shoulder stabilization procedures with these concomitant pathologies.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of a consecutive series of collegiate patients who underwent shoulder stabilization from 2014 to 2018 at a single service academy was conducted. Exclusion criteria were noncadets, revision instability cases, multidirectional instability, and prior rotator cuff repair. A nested case-control analysis was done in a matched series of patients with and without MRI evidence of rotator cuff tear. Baseline demographics, VAS pain scale, physical therapy duration, and time to surgery were analyzed. Postoperative metrics included rate of recurrent instability, subjective outcomes, VAS pain scale, and military-specific criteria.

Results:

Three hundred twenty-four cadets met the inclusion criteria, including 272 men and 52 women averaging 20.53 ± 1.80 years of age. MRI demonstrated concomitant rotator cuff tears in 5.56% of cases. A matched case-control comparison between patients with (rotator cuff tear group) and without (no rotator cuff tear group) rotator cuff tear showed no differences in preoperative data, recurrent instability rate, or postoperative VAS pain scores (0.24 versus 0.88, P = 0.207) at mean 44-month follow-up. Fifteen of 17 patients (88.2%) in each group returned to full activity (P > 0.999). No patients failed to graduate due to shoulder concerns. No patients in the rotator cuff tear group underwent a medical board for separation from the military compared with 2 (11.8%) in the no rotator cuff tear group (P = 0.163).

Conclusions:

The incidence of concomitant rotator cuff tears in this study of military cadets undergoing shoulder stabilization was 5.56%. In a matched cohort comparison, the presence of a rotator cuff tear on preoperative MRI was not associated with inferior clinical outcomes.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG VE Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-12 İÇEREN YENİLEBİLİR FİLMLERİN KARAKTERİZASYONU
Authors: CEYLAN Huriye Gözde , ATASOY Ahmet Ferit
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ve Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-12 içeren sodyum kazeinat esaslı filmler bazı özellikler açısından karakterize edilmiştir. Bu amaçla, sodium kazeinat esaslı %0 fruktooligosakkarit + %0 inülin, %0 fruktooligosakkarit + %1 inülin ve %1 fruktooligosakkarit + %0 inülin içeren film solüsyonlarına Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ve Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-12 ilave edilerek altı adet film üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Filmlerin bazı fizikokimyasal, bariyer ve renk özellikleri ile 4 ºC’de depolama boyunca probiyotik organizma stabiliteleri araştırılmıştır. Fruktooligosakkarit ve inülin ilavesinin filmin kalınlığı, suda çözünürlüğü ve rengi üzerinde etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Test edilen film formülasyonlarında kullanılan probiyotiklerin depolama stabilitelerinin yüksek olduğunu belirlenmiş, ancak depolama stabilitesinin fruktooligosakkarit ve inülin ilavesi ile azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. L. rhamnosus GG ve B. bifidum BB-12 içeren filmlerin tahmini raf ömrü değerleri sırası ile 51-98 ve 68-82 gün aralığında hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, kullanılan film formülasyonlarının B. bifidum BB-12 ve L. rhamnosus GG için iyi birer taşıyıcı olduğunu göstermiştir.
Bilateral Congenital Microblepharon Associated with Down’s Syndrome - A Case Report
Authors:   Assistant Surgeon, Chittagong Eye infirmary and training Complex (CEITC), Chittagong, Bangladesh, Hoque Fahmida , Nuruddin Murtuza ,   Director, Academics & Consultant Ophthalmologist, Chevron Eye Hospital & Research Centre, Chittagong, Bangladesh, Roy Soma Rani ,   Resident Surgeon, Chittagong Eye infirmary and training Complex (CEITC), Chittagong, Bangladesh
Published: April 2022

Microblepharon is an atypical condition of the eyelids typically coupled with various ocular and systemic inherited abnormalities, as mentioned in several works of literature. To prevent corneal exposure and to attain an excellent visual outcome, urgent surgical intervention is needed in such cases. Our reported case is a bilateral upper lid congenital microblepharon with ectropion associated with Down’s syndrome and its management.
Late Onset Capsular Block Syndrome (CBS): A Rare Complication and It’s Surgical Management
Authors:   Consultant and Head, Department of Cornea, Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Zakir Hossen Road, Chattogram – 4202, Bangladesh, Biswas Sujit Kumar , Akbar Umme Salma ,   Associate Consultant and Head of Glucoma Department, Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Zakir Hossen Road, Chattogram – 4202, Bangladesh, Roy Soma Rani ,   Head of Ocular Oncology & Oculoplasty Department, Chittagong Eye Infirmary and Training Complex, Chattogram – 4202, Bangladesh
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Late onset Capsular block syndrome is one of rare complications after cataract surgery. Here we report the diagnosis and successful surgical management of this case. Case report: A 70 year-old man presented with significant decrease of vision in his right eye for 4 years. He underwent cataract extraction through phacoemulsification with in-bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in right eye 8 years back which was uneventful. Patient’s presenting vision was 6/60 in right eye with a whitish fluid filled like space between posterior capsule and back surface of IOL optic. Patient was managed by surgical removal of the ‘IOL-capsule-complex’ with anterior vitrectomy. The microbiological culture report of ‘IOL-capsule-complex’ showed no bacterial growth. Visual rehabilitation was restored by implanting an anterior chamber lens 2 months afterwards. Conclusion: Though rare but delayed presentation of capsular block syndrome has reported but conventional treatment with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy could not exclude the risk of intraocular infection spread. Extraction of ‘IOL-capsule-complex’ with anterior vitrectomy followed by late implanting an anterior chamber lens can restore the visual function and can lessen the risk of intraocular infection.
Climate Change, COVID-19 & Caribbean Resilience
Authors: Lancaster Alana Malinde S.N.
Published: April 2022

The climate crisis threatens the foundation of life in the Caribbean. Due to the Caribbean's reliance on its tourism economy, it suffered greatly during the covid19 pandemic. The Caribbean faced the issue of their mainly agrarian base being exhausted and having to depend on tourism. There are several geographical factors that have contributed to shaping the Caribbean's propensity to be vulnerable. These factors of limited resources, susceptibility to natural disasters, vulnerability create a challenge to achieving sustained external shocks, excessive dependence on trade, and fragile environments make it a challenge to achieve sustainable development goals. Climate change has enhanced these factors with sea-level rise, ocean acidification, and more creating a loss of fisheries and biodiversity. Climate change is presenting challenges that the Caribbean cannot face alone and will require global action to help prevent climate change.
Where to draw the line? Understanding preferences in mucosal collar length after circumcision: A crowdsourced survey from the U.S. general population
Authors: Callegari Michael , Muncey Wade , Kim Tyler , Rhodes Stephen , Woo Lynn , Hannick Jessica
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Male circumcision is a polarizing and prevalent procedure. Little understanding exists regarding patient preferences for circumcision appearance. Our objective was to elicit how mucosal collar length may be perceived in terms of overall cosmesis and desirability among adults.
Methods: A questionnaire using REDCap was created and distributed through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Respondents provided demographic information and circumcision status before being challenged with artistic representations of circumcised penises with increasing lengths of mucosal collar. Participants were asked to select the most and least esthetically pleasing image, as well as rate the “importance of appearance” from 0–100. Responses were analyzed with ordinal regression models.
Results: Preference for shorter mucosal collars were seen in respondents with a postgraduate education (p=0.013) and no religious affiliation (p=0.034). In contrast, participants reporting a religious affiliation preferred longer mucosal collars (p=0.034). Circumcised males rated appearance as being more important (p=0.001) in contrast to uncircumcised males who did not (p=0.001). Circumcised fathers were more likely to circumcise their sons relative to uncircumcised fathers (p<0.05) and women preferred circumcision (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Our study revealed polarized esthetic preferences in the sample as a whole, with large proportions of respondents selecting the longest or shortest collar length. Preferences regarding mucosal collar length appear to be most influenced by education and religion. Overall, our study did not observe a predominant preference for mucosal collar length following circumcision. Surgeons should engage patients and/or caregivers/parents preoperatively in discussions regarding preferences and desired cosmetic outcomes.
French version of the short form of neurogenic bladder symptom score: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation
Authors: Berradja Sara , Turmel Nicolas , Hentzen Claire , Haddad Rebecca , Miget Gabriel , Grasland Matthieu , Chesnel Camille , Nadeau Geneviève , Amarenco Gerard
Published: April 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to empirically validate a French version of the Neurogenic Bladder Symptoms Score-Short From (NBSS-SF), a psychometric multidimensional tool to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) for patients with a neurological condition.
Methods: One hundred and five participants with multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury prospectively completed the questionnaire at baseline and 7–14 days later. The α coefficient of Cronbach (internal consistency) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (test-retest reliability) were calculated.
Results: The internal consistency for the overall questionnaire was high (Cronbach’s α coefficients from 0.79), while coefficients for each subscale were variable (urinary incontinence 0.91; storage and voiding 0.69; consequences 0.25). For test-retest reliability, 88/105 (84%) patients filled and sent back their questionnaire 10 days (±3.6 days) after baseline version. ICC was 0.90 for the total score and was 0.73 for the urinary incontinence subdomain, 0.79 for storage and voiding, and 0.75 for consequences.
Conclusions: The psychometric qualities of the French version of the NBSS-SF are well-supported, thus providing a valid tool to measure bladder symptoms across three different domains in patients with a neurogenic bladder.
Urodynamic findings in patients with nocturia and their associations with patient characteristics
Authors: Chan Garson , Qu Liang G. , Gani Johan
Published: April 2022

Introduction: This study identified associations between lower urinary tract pathology confirmed on urodynamic testing, baseline characteristics, and symptoms for adults with nocturia. Nocturia frequency was examined for predictors.
Methods: This retrospective study from 2012–2019 analyzed adult patients referred for urodynamic testing, with nocturia (waking to void ≥2x/night). Data on baseline characteristics, symptoms, urodynamic parameters, and lower urinary tract pathology were recorded. Males and females were analyzed separately, and univariable analyses were conducted, stratified by lower urinary tract pathology. Multivariable regression models were fit. Nocturia frequency was analyzed for associations with clinical parameters.
Results: Altogether, 372 patients were included (159 men and 213 women). More men had detrusor overactivity (DO) (p<0.001) and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) (p<0.001). DO was associated with storage symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 5.19, p<0.001), in addition to older age (p=0.009) and being male (p<0.001). Detrusor underactivity (DU) was associated with voiding symptoms (OR 1.92, p=0.004), older age (p<0.001), and being female (p=0.018). BOO was associated voiding symptoms (OR 2.09, p=0.023), younger age (p=0.018), and being male (p<0.001). The quantity of lower urinary tract symptoms was associated with DU and DO. Nocturia frequency was not associated with baseline variables or underlying pathologies. A substantial number of patients were diagnosed with DU alone (n=69, 18.7%) or associated with other diagnoses (n=108, 29.3%).
Conclusions: Careful assessment of risk factors and symptoms may help identify underlying lower urinary tract pathology for adults with nocturia. DU is found in a significant proportion of patients with nocturia, a previously under-reported result.
NORMA E NORMAN?: MATERNIDADE NA SÉRIE BATES MOTEL (2013-2017)
Authors: Rodrigues Regagnan Isabela
Published: April 2022

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir o audiovisual em formato de série como fonte histórica. Para isso foram analisadas as relações de gênero e a ideia do feminino – enfatizando a figura materna – na série estadunidense Bates Motel (2013 – 2017). A série traz no seu enredo a figura da mãe, Norma Bates, que é construída na atualidade como se construíam personagens nos séculos passados, sendo esta mãe devotada, esposa dedicada e dona de casa, exaltando também seus traços de feminilidade. Outro aspecto é que esta personagem foi criada pelo olhar masculino, o que nos possibilita problematizar a constituição feminina na série. Desse modo, o presente trabalho questiona os estereótipos ainda tão presentes no meio do audiovisual, dando destaque a uma nova linguagem – a série –, mostrando como a personagem Norma foi relacionada à família e a sexualidade.