bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking Nanoscale Dynamics of AMPA Receptor Organization to Plasticity of Excitatory Synapses and Learning
Authors: Choquet Daniel
Published: October 2018

The spatiotemporal organization of neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic membrane is a fundamental determinant of synaptic transmission and thus of information processing by the brain. The ionotropic AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS. The number of AMPARs located en face presynaptic glutamate release sites sets the efficacy of synaptic transmission. Understanding how this number is set and regulated has been the topic of intense research in the last two decades. We showed that AMPARs are not stable in the synapse as initially thought. They continuously enter and exit the postsynaptic density by lateral diffusion, and they exchange between the neuronal surface and intracellular compartments by endocytosis and exocytosis at extrasynaptic sites. Regulation of these various trafficking pathways has emerged as a key mechanism for activity-dependent plasticity of synaptic transmission, a process important for learning and memory. I here present my view of these findings. In particular, the advent of super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule tracking has helped to uncover the intricacy of AMPARs' dynamic organization at the nanoscale. In addition, AMPAR surface diffusion is highly regulated by a variety of factors, including neuronal activity, stress hormones, and neurodegeneration, suggesting that AMPAR diffusion-trapping may play a central role in synapse function. Using innovative tools to understand further the link between receptor dynamics and synapse plasticity is now unveiling new molecular mechanisms of learning. Modifying AMPAR dynamics may emerge as a new target to correct synapse dysfunction in the diseased brain.
A importância do perito em odontologia nas demandas judiciais
Authors: Sarmento Maria das Graças , Dezem T. U. , Medeiros U. V.
Published: October 2018

A perícia é uma das atividades no qual o homem necessitou elaborar desde a antiguidade, e o papel do perito é de fundamental importância dentro do aparato judiciário, visto que o juízo necessita desse auxiliar para solucionar e esclarecer tecnicamente algumas demandas específicas que fogem da alçada do operador de direito. Com o advento do código de defesa do consumidor o número de processos judiciais contra os profissionais de saúde aumentou consideravelmente, e em especial, na odontologia, visto que muitos pacientes insatisfeitos com os resultados dos tratamentos propostos pelos profissionais entram com ações judiciais para responsabilizar civil e penalmente os cirurgiões-dentistas envolvidos. É nesse momento que o perito em odontologia, como perito ou assistente técnico, é acionado para dirimir dúvidas e esclarecer quesitos fornecendo ao juiz desse tipo de demanda envolvendo profissionais de odontologia, os conhecimentos necessários para que este realize sentenças justas, com conhecimento de causa e dentro da legalidade.
Forensic Medicine: fundamentals and perspectives
Authors: Tironi Fabio Antônio
Published: October 2018

O livro Forensic Medicine: Fundamentals and Perspectives é de autoria de Reinhard B. Dettmeyer, Marcel A. Verhoff e Harald F. Schütz, todos renomados professores vinculados à Universidade de Giessen, em Giessen, Alemanha. É uma das poucas obras traduzidas da vasta literatura alemã especializada no tema.
Balística aplicada aos locais de crime
Authors: Machado Michelle Moreira
Published: October 2018

O livro “Balística Aplicada aos Locais de Crime” trata-se de obra inédita pois traz o estudo da balística forense com uma visão mais voltada para a análise dos locais de crime com emprego das armas de fogo.
Modout: Learning to Fuse Modalities via Stochastic Regularization
Authors: Li Fan , Neverova Natalia , Wolf Christian , Taylor Graham
Published: October 2018

Model selection methods based on stochastic regularization suchas Dropout have been widely used in deep learning due to theirsimplicity and effectiveness. The standard Dropout method treatsall units, visible or hidden, in the same way, thus ignoring any a prioriinformation related to grouping or structure. Such structure ispresent in multi-modal learning applications, where subsets of unitsmay correspond to individual modalities. In this abstract we describeModout, a model selection method based on stochastic regularization,which is particularly useful in the multi-modal setting.Different from previous methods, it is capable of learning whetheror when to fuse two modalities in a layer. Evaluation of Modouton the Montalbano gesture recognition dataset demonstrates improvedperformance compared to other stochastic regularizationmethods, and is on par with a state-of-the-art carefully designedfusion architecture.
Computerized Enumeration and Bio-volume Estimation of the Cyanobacteria Anabaena flos-aquae
Authors: Jin Chao , Mesquita Maria , Emelko Monica , Wong Alexander
Published: October 2018

One of the most noticeable consequences of global climate change is the increased occurrence of algae and cyanobacteria blooms in surface waters. Some of these organisms may release hazardous toxins which represent a threat for human and animal health worldwide. Accordingly, the identification of threshold levels of toxic cyanobacteria cells has become common practice to ensure successful water management. The majority of current methods for cyanobacteria enumeration and bio-volume assessment are very time-consuming and costly. Furthermore, when dealing with multicellular organisms (i.e., filaments, colonies, agglomerates etc.), none of the existing enumeration methods can achieve good accuracy and all tend to underestimate cell concentrations and bio-volume. In this study, we introduce an integrated method for automated enumeration and bio-volume estimation of Anabaena flos-aquae, a common filamentous species of cyanobacteria often present in water blooms. Since Anabaena filaments are often long and tangled, a sample of its culture was first sonicated to isolate individual cells, and then imaged while being excited by a 546nm light source to considerably improve contrast. A probabilistic unsupervised classification was introduced to detect the target cells, and the size distribution of the cells was used for model calibration. Using this learned cell model, subsequent samples with natural Anabaena filaments were automatically enumerated and the bio-volume estimated. Compared to traditional manual enumeration using a hemacytometer, the developed method achieved equivalent accuracy in much less time, with less resources, and provided additional bio-volume information. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of the developed method as a robust tool for water quality monitoring.
Quasi-Monte and Data-Driven Monte Carlo Methods for Efficient Human Joint Model Fitting
Authors: Greenberg Sara , McPhee John , Wong Alexander
Published: October 2018

Fitting a kinematic model of the human body to an image withoutthe use of markers is a method of pose estimation that is usefulfor tracking and posture evaluation. This model-fitting is challengingdue to the variation in human physique and the large numberof possible poses. One type of modeling is to represent the humanbody as a set of rigid body volumes. These volumes can beregistered to a target point cloud acquired from a depth camerausing the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The speed of ICPregistration is inversely proportional to the number of points in themodel and the target point clouds, and using the entire target pointcloud in this registration is too slow for real-time applications. Thiswork proposes the use of data-driven Monte Carlo methods to selecta subset of points from the target point cloud that maintains orimproves the accuracy of the point cloud registration for joint localizationin real time. For this application, we investigate curvature ofthe depth image as the driving variable to guide the sampling, andcompare it with benchmark random sampling techniques.
Automated Failure Detection in Computer Vision Systems
Authors: Yan H. , Achkar A. , Mishra Akshaya , Naik K.
Published: October 2018

Human validation of computer vision systems increase their operatingcosts and limits their scale. Automated failure detection canmitigate these constraints and is thus of great importance to thecomputer vision industry. Here, we apply a deep neural networkto detect computer vision failures on vehicle detection tasks. Theproposed model is a convolution neural network that estimates theoutput quality of a vehicle detector. We train the network to learnto estimate a pixel-level F1 score between the vehicle detector andhuman annotated data. The model generalizes well to testing data,providing a mechanism for identifying detection failures.
Impact of Training Images on Radiometric Compensation
Authors: Sankar Vignesh , Gawish Ahmed , Fieguth Paul
Published: October 2018

The increasing availability of both high-resolution projectors andimperfect displays make radiometric correction an essential componentin all modern projection systems. Particularly, projectingin casual locations, such as classrooms, open areas and homes,calls for the development of radiometric correction techniques thatare fully automatic and deal with display imperfections in real-time.This paper reviews the current radiometric compensation algorithmsand discusses the influence of different training images on theirperformance.
Opening the Black Box of Financial AI with CLEAR-Trade: A CLass-Enhanced Attentive Response Approach for Explaining and Visualizing Deep Learning-Driven Stock Market Prediction
Authors: Kumar Devinder , Taylor Graham W. , Wong Alexander
Published: October 2018

Deep learning has been shown to outperform traditional machinelearning algorithms across a wide range of problem domains. However,current deep learning algorithms have been criticized as uninterpretable"black-boxes" which cannot explain their decision makingprocesses. This is a major shortcoming that prevents the widespreadapplication of deep learning to domains with regulatoryprocesses such as finance. As such, industries such as financehave to rely on traditional models like decision trees that are muchmore interpretable but less effective than deep learning for complexproblems. In this paper, we propose CLEAR-Trade, a novelfinancial AI visualization framework for deep learning-driven stockmarket prediction that mitigates the interpretability issue of deeplearning methods. In particular, CLEAR-Trade provides a effectiveway to visualize and explain decisions made by deep stock marketprediction models. We show the efficacy of CLEAR-Trade in enhancingthe interpretability of stock market prediction by conductingexperiments based on S&P 500 stock index prediction. The resultsdemonstrate that CLEAR-Trade can provide significant insightinto the decision-making process of deep learning-driven financialmodels, particularly for regulatory processes, thus improving theirpotential uptake in the financial industry.
Equivalence of histogram equalization, histogram matching and the Nyul algorithm for intensity standardization in MRI
Authors: Knight Jesse , Taylor Graham W. , Khademi April
Published: October 2018

Intensity standardization is an important preprocessing step in automatedanalysis of MRI. A popular method by Nyul et al. uses apiece-wise linear approximation of histogram matching. We showthat this method is a non-uniform trapezoidal Riemann approximationof the ideal histogram matching operation, and suggest thathistogram matching is no better than histogram equalization for intensitystandardization in MRI. Experimental results are derived usingsynthetic data.
Discovery Radiomics via Deep Multi-Column Radiomic Sequencers for Skin Cancer Detection
Authors: Shafiee Mohammad Javad , Wong Alexander
Published: October 2018

While skin cancer is the most diagnosed form of cancer in menand women, with more cases diagnosed each year than all othercancers combined, sufficiently early diagnosis results in very goodprognosis and as such makes early detection crucial. While radiomicshave shown considerable promise as a powerful diagnostictool for significantly improving oncological diagnostic accuracy andefficiency, current radiomics-driven methods have largely rely onpre-defined, hand-crafted quantitative features, which can greatlylimit the ability to fully characterize unique cancer phenotype thatdistinguish it from healthy tissue. Recently, the notion of discoveryradiomics was introduced, where a large amount of custom, quantitativeradiomic features are directly discovered from the wealth ofreadily available medical imaging data. In this study, we presenta novel discovery radiomics framework for skin cancer detection,where we leverage novel deep multi-column radiomic sequencersfor high-throughput discovery and extraction of a large amount ofcustom radiomic features tailored for characterizing unique skincancer tissue phenotype. The discovered radiomic sequencer wastested against 9,152 biopsy-proven clinical images comprising ofdifferent skin cancers such as melanoma and basal cell carcinoma,and demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 75%, respectively,thus achieving dermatologist-level performance andhence can be a powerful tool for assisting general practitionersand dermatologists alike in improving the efficiency, consistency,and accuracy of skin cancer diagnosis.
Hyperspectral image classification using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zhong Zilong , Li Jonathan
Published: October 2018

The prevailing framework consisted of complex feature extractors following by conventional classifiers. Nevertheless, the high spatial and high spectral dimensionality of each pixel in the hyperspectral imagery hinders the development of hyperspectral image classification. Fortunately, since 2012, deep learning models, which can extract the hierarchical features of large amounts of daily three-channel optical images, have emerged as a better alternative to their shallow learning counterparts. Within all deep learning models, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) exhibit convincing and stunning ability to process a huge mass of data. In this paper, the CNNs have been adopted as an end-to-end pixelwise scheme to classify the pixels of hyperspectral imagery, in which each pixel contains hundreds of continuous spectral bands. According to the preliminarily qualitative and quantitative results, the existing CNN models achieve promising classification accuracy and process effectively and robustly on the University of Pavia dataset.
Compensated Row-Column Ultrasound Imaging System Using Edge-Guided Three Dimensional Random Fields
Authors: Ben Daya Ibrahim , Chen Albert I.H. , Shafiee Mohammad Javad , Yeow John T.W. , Wong Alexander
Published: October 2018

The row-column method is a simplification technique used to reducethe complexity of a fully addressed 2-D array. Although itgreatly reduces the number of physical connections required aswell as the amount of data to be handled, it still has limitations; itsimaging data output is sparse, it suffers from speckle noise, and itsspatially-dependant point spread function is riddled with edge artifacts.In this work, we propose a row-column ultrasound imagingsystem, termed CRUIS3D, that uses a 3-D edge-guided randomfield approach to compensate for the limitations of the row-columnmethod. Tests on CRUIS3D and previously published row-columnsystems show the effectiveness of our proposed system as a toolfor enhancing 3-D row-column ultrasound imaging.
Goldilocks and the Three Parameters:Empirically Finding the "Just Right" for Segmenting Food Images for the AFINI-T System
Authors: MacLean Alexander , Pfisterer Kaylen , Amelard Robert , Chung Audrey G. , Kumar Devinder , Wong Alexander
Published: October 2018

Measuring nutritional intake is a tool that is critical to themonitoring of health, both as an individual or of a group. It isespecially important in the monitoring of those at risk formalnutrition, an issue which costs billions of dollars globally, andcurrent methods used in practice are manual, time-consuming,and have inherent biases and inaccuracies. This study proposes anovel imaging system with a superpixel-based segmentationalgorithm as part of an automated nutritional intake system. Thestudy also examines three important parameters of the algorithmand their ideal values; region size and spatial regularization forsuperpixel segmentation, as well as spatial weighting inclustering. The experimental results demonstrate that theproposed system is effective in segmenting an image of a plate intoits constituent foods.
RAGAM DAN POTENSI JAMUR MAKRO ASAL TAMAN WISATA MEKARSARI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Putra Ivan Permana , Sitompul Rahmadi , Chalisya Nadiah
Published: October 2018

AbstrakTaman Wisata Mekarsari (TWM) merupakan salah satu daerah penyangga ekosistem dan pusat pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati di Indonesia. Keragaman jamur makro asal serasah dan tanah di TWM belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Jamur merupakan organisme penting dalam siklus materi karena kemampuannya mendegradasi bahan organik pada ekosistem. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyediakan informasi mengenai keragaman jamur makro di TWM untuk pemanfaatan potensinya di masa mendatang. Sebanyak 20 jenis dan 16 genus jamur makro berhasil dikoleksi dari TMW pada penelitian ini. Identifikasi jamur dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai karakter makroskopik. Pada tulisan ini dijelaskan cara deskripsi karakter makroskopik untuk membantu identifikasi jamur. Jamur yang berhasil diidentifikasi pada penelitian ini adalah Amanita sp.1, Amanita sp.2, Auricularia sp., Collybia sp., Clitocybe sp., Crepidotus sp., Cyathus sp., Ganoderma sp., Lepiota sp.1, Lepiota sp.2, Marasmius sp., Naucoria sp.1, Naucoria sp.2, Omphalina sp., Panaeolus sp., Parasola sp.1, Parasola sp.2, Pluteus sp., Scizophyllum sp., dan Xylaria sp. Beberapa jamur yakni Auricularia, Clitocybe, Ganoderma, dan Scizophyllum yang ditemukan berpotensi sebagai bahan pangan dan obat. Inventarisasi data keragaman yang baik akan membantu upaya pengelolaan dan pelestarian kekayaan sumber daya hayati di Indonesia. Abstract Mekarsari Tourism Area (TWM) is one of the buffer zone of ecosystem and biodiversity conservation center in Indonesia. The diversity of macro fungi from the litter and soil in TWM has not been previously reported. Fungi are important organisms in the material cycle because of their ability to degrade organic matter on the ecosystem. In this study, 20 species and 16 genera of mushrooms were collected from TWM. Mushroom identification is performed using various macroscopic characters. The mushrooms identified in this paper are: Amanita sp.1, Amanita sp.2, Auricularia sp., Collybia sp., Clitocybe sp., Crepidotus sp., Cyathus sp., Ganoderma sp., Lepiota sp.1, Lepiota sp.2, Marasmius sp., Naucoria sp.1, Naucoria sp.2, Omphalina sp., Panaeolus sp., Parasola sp.1, Parasola sp.2, Pluteus sp., Scizophyllum sp., and Xylariasp. Some of them were considered  as food and medicinal source. Good inventory of diversity data will assist the management and conservation of the wealth of biological resources in Indonesia.
Early Antibiotic Exposure and Weight Outcomes in Young Children
Authors: Block Jason P. , Bailey L. Charles , Gillman Matthew W. , Lunsford Doug , Daley Matthew F. , Eneli Ihuoma , Finkelstein Jonathan , Heerman William , Horgan Casie E. , Hsia Daniel S. , Jay Melanie , Rao Goutham , Reynolds Juliane S. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Sturtevant Jessica L. , Toh Sengwee , Trasande Leonardo , Young Jessica , Forrest Christopher B. ,   on behalf of the PCORnet Antibiotics and Childhood Growth Study Group
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the association of antibiotic use with weight outcomes in a large cohort of children.

METHODS:

Health care data were available from 2009 to 2016 for 35 institutions participating in the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network. Participant inclusion required same-day height and weight measurements at 0 to <12, 12 to <30, and 48 to <72 months of age. We assessed the association between any antibiotic use at <24 months of age with BMI z score and overweight or obesity prevalence at 48 to <72 months (5 years) of age, with secondary assessments of antibiotic spectrum and age-period exposures. We included children with and without complex chronic conditions.

RESULTS:

Among 1 792 849 children with a same-day height and weight measurement at <12 months of age, 362 550 were eligible for the cohort. One-half of children (52%) were boys, 27% were African American, 18% were Hispanic, and 58% received ≥1 antibiotic prescription at <24 months of age. At 5 years, the mean BMI z score was 0.40 (SD 1.19), and 28% of children had overweight or obesity. In adjusted models for children without a complex chronic condition at 5 years, we estimated a higher mean BMI z score by 0.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03 to 0.05) and higher odds of overweight or obesity (odds ratio 1.05; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.07) associated with obtaining any (versus no) antibiotics at <24 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Antibiotic use at <24 months of age was associated with a slightly higher body weight at 5 years of age.
Respuesta fisiológica del frijol Phaseolus vulgaris L. a la sequía, en un sistema de raíz dividida.
Authors: Aguirre J. F. , Kohashi-Shibata J. , Trejo C. L. , Acosta-Gallegos Jorge
Published: October 2018

The objective of this research was to study the regulation of stomatal opening in beans, and to find whether it is caused by a decrease in the leaves’ water potential, or by a chemical factor in the roots. An experiment was carried out during 1997 in Montecillo, Mexico with the Cacahuate 72 variety, type I Nueva Granada breed. The experiment took place in a controlled environment chamber where plants had their roots split into two parts. Two irrigation treatments were applied twenty-seven days after sowing: a) irrigation, and b) irrigation/irrigation interruption. A system was created with 9-cm diameter and 50-cm high PVC tubes, divided vertically. Treatments lasted 15 days, and stomatal conductivity, hydric relations (water potential, osmotic potential, and turgid pressure), and proline content were quantified on a daily basis. Plants undergoing water stress showed a decrease in conductivity and a slight increase in proline content, and these plants did not show differences in hydric relations as compared to the ones undergoing irrigation. Results suggested that there is non-hydraulic communication between roots under water stress, and leaves under the same condition.
Reacción de variedades de frijol común a Fusarium spp. y Rhizoctonia solani en el altiplano de México.
Authors: Navarrete-Maya Rosa , Acosta-Gallegos Jorge
Published: October 2018

Two trials were carried out at Texcoco, State of Mexico: in the first one 32 bean genotypes were sowed under irrigation on April 24 and May 8, 1997, in order to study their reaction to Fusarium spp. in a naturally infested soil. In the second one, protection against Fusarium spp. y R. solani was evaluated by applying captan or benomyl to the seeds of eight genotypes. In the first trial most genotypes were susceptible to Fusarium spp., particularly in the third evaluation (R6), on both sowing dates; with the exception of Negro Tacana and Amarillo de Calpan, both of which showed an intermediate reaction in the second sowing date. Incidence of Fusarium spp. was higher than 80%. On the first sowing date the Pinto Villa and Negro Perla genotypes were moderately resistant. In the second experiment the chemical treatment produced more vigorous seedlings. Pinto Villa and BAT 477 genotypes showed lower severity scores when treated with benomyl and captan, respectively. It was observed that plants of resistant genotypes survived because they developed adventitious roots.
Rendimiento de nuevos híbridos PUMAS de maíz para la zona de transición de México.
Authors: Martínez Rafael , Tadeo-Robledo Margarita , Piña del Valle Ángel , Espinosa Alejandro , Solano Ana María
Published: October 2018

Four new double-cross hybrids and 16 triple-cross hybrids were evaluated and compared with triple-cross commercial hybrids H-135, A- 791, PUMA 1157 and PUMA 1159, and double-cross H-137, during the 1996 spring-summer season. The purpose was to offer new and better options to producers in the Bajio and Highland Transitional Zones in Mexico (1800-2200 m.a.s.l.). Analysis of variance showed highly significant statistical differences for almost all variables for which the genotype factor was studied, and non-significant differences for repetitions. Nine triple-cross hybrids yielded between 8 and 12 t/ha, a greater yield than that of the rest of the hybrids (double and triple crosses), and also greater than that of the controls. The triple-cross UHT96E410 hybrid stood out yielding 12,4 t/ha in 77 days between sowing and tasseling. The triple-cross control A-791 followed, yielding 8.6 t/ha in 99 days between sowing and tasseling; UHT96E410 grew up to 209 cm in height. Five of the controls showed heights of over 230 cm. These new hybrids stood out for their superior yield and favorable agronomic traits, offering farmers in the transitional zones of Mexico a broader variety of options.
Adelantos en el mejoramiento de frijol andino caribeno.
Authors: Beaver James
Published: October 2018

Bean golden mosaic, rust, web blight, and common bacterial blight frequently limit bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield in the Caribbean. Results from the PROFRIJOL Caribbean Adaptation Nurseries demonstrate that CIAT and the bean breeding programs in the Caribbean have developed red mottled and light red kidney bean varieties with resistance to one or more of these diseases. The availability of molecular markers should permit the combination of specific genes conferring resistance. However, the effective use of these genes for disease resistance will require learning about the virulence patterns of pathogens. Sources of tolerance to some abiotic factors such as high temperatures have been identified. Nevertheless, bean breeding programs in the Caribbean have not yet developed bean varieties that combine disease resistance and tolerance to abiotic stress. The Dominican Republic, Haiti and Cuba have made collections of native Andean Caribbean bean varieties, which should prove to be the source of many valuable traits.
Respuesta de la morera (Morus alba) a la fertilización nitrogenada, densidades de siembra y a la defoliación.
Authors: Boschini Carlos , Dormond-H Herbert , Castro-R Álvaro
Published: October 2018

This experiment was carried out at the Alfredo Volio Mata Dairy Cattle Experimental Station in Costa Rica. A mulberry bush plantation was divided into three plots: with a distance of 60, 90 and 120 cm between rows and plants. All plots were uniformly pruned at 60 cm from the ground. During a 224-day period, these subplots were pruned consecutively every 56th, 84th and 112th day. The annual yield of dry matter of the whole mulberry bush (stems and leaves) was influenced (P = 0.01) by all the factors studied. The planting distance had a decreasing effect on the Yield of stems and leaves increased as the distance decreased. The cutting frequency had a marked influence (P = 0.01) on the production of biomass in the whole plant and its parts. A linear effect (P = 0.01) was observed on the stem yield, as well as the whole plant, when the cutting interval increased between the 56th and 112th days. Anegative effect (P <0.05) was observed in the leaf:stem ratio when the pruning interval was increased. The nitrogen dosage used in the experiment (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg/ha) did not show a differential effect (P < 0.05) on the total biomass yield nor on the stem or leaf production. No significant effects were observed between the planting distance or the cutting frequency and the nitrogen dosage.
Análisis económico de la utilización de inoculante biológico (Rhizobium sp.) en frijol común, en la Región Brunca, Costa Rica.
Authors: Flores Guillermo , Hernández Juan Carlos , Acosta Miguel , Montero Mario
Published: October 2018

This study was carried out in two zones of the Brunca Region using a biological inoculants of the Rhizobium sp bacteria. The objective was to reduced the chemical fertilizer utilization. Four treatments were evaluated: Absolute control; Inoculants (0,7 kg/ha); Inoculants (0,7 kg/ha)+ Fertilizer 10-30-10 (63 kg/ha is) and Fertilizer10-30-10 (125 kg/ha) in property of farmer at a density of 30-32 kg seed/ha. A partial budget and an analysis of Dominance (CIMMYT, 1988) were used to carry out the economic analysis determining net profit and marginal rate of return. In the zone of Changuena, Buenos Aires the use of single inoculants presented the higher net profit and a rate of marginal return of 388%. For the zone of Pejibaye de Pérez Zeledón the use of single fertilizer obtained the higher net profit and a rate of marginal return of 621%, inoculants+ fertilizer 814% and single inoculants 173%. The use of biological inoculants was a practice economically profitable for the farmers
Evaluación de la resistencia a la mustia hilachosa (Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank), Donk). en líneas y variedades de frijol. Caisán. Panamá, 1997.
Authors: Rodríguez Emigdio , González Francisco
Published: October 2018

This study was carried out with the purpose of identifying genotypes of common bean, with a greater level of resistance to the web blight, in Caisán, Panama. 4335 lines and varieties of common bean were evaluated from seven experiments. A completely randomized design and a simple lattice design were utilized according to the experiments. Experiment repetitions varied from one, two or three depending on the amount of seed available. 62 materials showed an inferior reaction to the web blight in relation to that of the resistant Talamanca control (5 grade). The Barriles susceptible control showed grade reaction of 8. In several lines it was observed an apparent reaction of hyper-sensitivity to the web blight.
El sistema maíz-leguminosa-frijol y la fertilización mineral en terrazas de muro vivo.
Authors: Nicolás Néstor F. , Uribe Sergio , López Ernesto , Camacho René , Turrent Antonio
Published: October 2018

With the aim of developing a sustainable agronomic management for the hillside agro-system that includes traditional crops maize and beans, a research was carried out from 1996 to 1998 at two locations in the South of Veracruz, Mexico. The experiment included planting of maize intercropped with two cover crop legumes (Mucuna and Canavalia) during the summer and planting Common Bean cv. Negro INIFAP in the fall. A completely randomized design arranged as split plot was utilized, with the cover legumes as main plots and six fertilizer treatments as small plots. In biomass production Mucuna was significantly superior to Canavalia and thus as nutrimental source. Weed biomass production was 52% lower in the treatments with the cover legumes as compared to the sole maize crop. No difference was found for maize seed yield among main treatments, indicating that the cover crops did not affect maize yield. In common bean the highest yield was obtained in the Mucuna and fertilization dose of 30 kg/ha N and 30 kg/ha P2O5. In conclusion Mucuna was the best cover crop in biomass production, reducing weed competition and favored mineral nutrition in Common Bean.
Estabilidad de rendimiento de la línea de frijol negro DOR-500 en el trópico húmedo de México.
Authors: López Ernesto , Acosta Jorge A. , Cano Octavio , Fraire Guillermo , Cumpián Javier , Becerra Enrique Noe , Villar Bernardo , Ugalde Francisco
Published: October 2018

The present study was carried out during 1994 to 1997. Adaptation of the DOR-500 line was evaluated in eight experiments established in the humid tropic of Mexico, five in the state of Veracruz, two in Chiapas and one in Guerrero. The line DOR-500 was excellent according of its yield, wide adaptation and stability (1063/ kg/ha, bi=1.0, S2di= 0). DOR-500 line was established in commercial plots in ten locations of the Mexican Southeast (tropical climate) comparing this line to the regional and local control treatments; it was obtained a yield of 1327 kg/ha. The DOR-500 line was tolerant to the bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), Leaf spot (Phaseoisariopsis griseola), and rust (Uromyces appendiculatus). The Dor-500 line is being registered as a new variety for the production regions of Mexico.
Control químico del arroz rojo (Oryza sativa L.) en arroz, con herbicidas no selectivos-protectantes a la semilla.
Authors: Esqueda Valentín A.
Published: October 2018

Three greenhouse experiments were established in order to evaluate the protective effect of naphtalic anhydride (0,5 and 0,75%), flurazole (0,1 and 0,2%) and oxabetrinil (0,1 and 0,2%) used as seed treatments in rice cv Milagro Filipino (MF), as compare with non-selective herbicides atrazine (1,8 kg/ha), atrazine/metolachlor (0,78/0,75 kg/ha), acetochlor (2,1 kg/ha), alachlor (2,5 kg/ha) and metolachlor (1,92 kg/ha). The effect of alachlor with four red rice biotypes and MF treated with naphtalic anhydride was also evaluated. Neither flurazole nor oxabetrinil protected rice from any one of the herbicides, but naphtalic anhydride (0,75%) protected rice from alachlor (2,5 kg/ha). Alachlor (2 kg/ha) temporarily reduced rice seedling height, but there was no difference in height between treated and non-treated plants at 25 days after application (DAA). Dry weight of the MF check plants was statistically similar to those obtained from plants originated from seed treated with naphtalic anhydride (0,75%) and applied with alachlor at 1, 1,5 and 2 kg/ha. At 7 DAA, control of the different red rice biotypes with alachlor varied from 40 to 80% with 1 kg/ha, from 80 to 98% with 1,5 kg/ha and from 98 to 99% with 2 kg/ha. Moreover, at 25 DAA, controls varied from 30 to 62% with 1 kg/ha, from 43 to 83% with 1,5 kg/ha and from 58 to 96% with 2 kg/ha.
Aptitud combinatoria de líneas de maíz tropical con diferente capacidad para tolerar el achaparramiento.
Authors: Castañón Guillermo , Jeffers Dan , Hidalgo Héctor
Published: October 2018

This research was carried out to evaluated seven parents and theirs F1’s progenies. The objective was to study the response of the hybrids and parents to infection with the bushy stunt, trasmited for Dalbulus maydis. The results showed that additive effects (GCA) were more important that no-additives effects (SCA). It was found that to grain yield (GY) the best cros ses, were between one resistant ( R) line x susceptible (S) line. The lowest yield grain crosses were observed between R X R or S x S parents or lines. The lines three and five, were the material values of GCA to yield grain. The estimated values for SCA had important role in the hybrid genetic structure. The line two, was the parental that in hybrid combination presented highest SCA values. Lines one and seven, were the lowest materials to GCA.
Fenología productiva y nutricional de maíz para la producción de forraje.
Authors: Amador-R Ana Lorena , Boschini-F Carlos
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of biomass of corn in different stages of growth, cultivated in the higlands of Costa Rica as fodder for dairy cattle. It was carried out at the Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica. The first sampling was carried out after 37 days and every two weeks threafter through 149 days. Dry matter, crude protein, ashes, neutro detergent fiber (NDF), acld detergent fiber (ADF) and the lignin were analyzed. The value of hemicellulose and cellulose were calculate. The yield of green and dry biomass in the stems, leaves, flowers and fruit of the plant was measured at different stages of growth. Before 65 days, the yield of dry mateiral in the leaves was superior to that in the stems. Later the accumulation of dry matter in the stems was around three times greater then that in the leaves. The first blossoming occurred after three months. Two weeks later the first ears of corn were collected, thir highest yield occuring at four months. After 65 days, the relation leaves:stems was less than 1, predominating the accumulation of stems. This relationship slowly decresed as the plants became older. The concentration of dry matter in the stems was less than in the leaves at all growth stages. The content of crude protein (CP) in the stem was higher (18%) during the first 50 days, decresing to 11% at 80 days and threafter remined between 6.5% and 7.5%.
Efecto de rastrojos de malezas y herbicidas preemergentes en el control de malezas en frijol.
Authors: Herrera Franklin
Published: October 2018

In the Fabio Baudrit Experiment Station, Alajuela, Costa Rica from September of 1998 to February of 1999, the effects of stubbles from Ixophorus unisetus, Digitaria spp., Cynodon dactylon and Rottboellia cochinchinensis were evaluated to judge the efficacy of the herbicide pendimetalin, alachlor and imazetapir, Rhizobium nodulation and the growth of bean. It was found that the presence of stubbles on the surface of the soil (4.5 t dry matter/ha) was not effective in reducing the growth of weeds in bean crop under no tillage management. The efficacy of the herbicides pendimetalin, imazetapir and alachlor was not affected by the presence of stubbles on the surface of the soil. The stubbles of Ixophorus unisetus negatively affected the growth and production of bean. Stubbles of Digitaria spp.and Cynodon dactylon had a positive effect on the crop.
Consumo de morera (Morus alba) y sorgo negro forrajero (Sorghum almum) en ganado Jersey.
Authors: Boschini Carlo
Published: October 2018

Branches of mulberry and black sorghum fodder were harvested on the 84th and 77th day of growth respectively. Both kinds of forage were given to six Jersey steers, whose average weight was 337 (± 24.27) kg. The animals were distributed according to a repeated Latin square 3 X 3. The experimental treatments were: a. only mulberry, b. half mulberry and half sorghum, and c. only black sorghum. All the forage was freshly chopped (leaves and stems) and measured in equal parts. Each animal received 50 kg/day of fresh forage. The average leaf:stem ratio was 1.3 (±0.39) in the mulberry and .84 (± 0.26) in the black sorghum. Samples were taken of the forage given in the morning and that which was leftover from the next day in order to analyze the dry material, crude protein, neutral dtergent fiber and ashes. No significant differences (p>0.5) were observed in the fresh and dry matter intake (kg/animal/day) among the treatments. The dry matter intake for every 100 kg of body weight was 1.94% for the mulberry diet, 1.82% for the mulberry-sorghum mixture and 1.67% for the sorghum diet, all of which were less than the 2% expected.
Calidad nutricional de la planta de sorgo negro forrajero (Sorghum almum) para alimentación animal.
Authors: Amador Ana Lorena , Boschini Carlos
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the phenological development and the nutritional quality of Sorghum almun during different growth stages. The seed was cultivated in the Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica. Eighteen kg of 88% germinal seed per hectare were planted. The first sample was taken 24 days after sprouting and every 14 days thereafter, up to 150 days. The production of biomass of the stems, leaves and ears of grain were measured and the amounts (content) of dry mater matter, crude protein, total ashes, neutral fiber and detergent acid, hemicellulosa, cellulose and lignin were determined. During the first 52 days of growth, the output of leaves was higher than that of stems. On the 57th day, a yield of 1395 kg of dry matter per hectare, 50% leaves and 50% stems, was estimated. The ears of grain appeared after 94 days, contributing 50kg per hectare of dry matter. The concentration of dry matter in the leaves was highest from the moment of sprouting to the 136th day. The content of crude protein in the leaves was always superior to that in the stems. In the leaves the crude protein diminished 16%-28% between the 38th and 150th day of growth. In the same period, the crude protein in the stem diminished 5%-18%, and in the whole plant 8%-26%. The neutral fiber and detergent acid in the leaves and the stems were less than 60% during the first two months of growth and more than 70% in the latter period.
Evaluación agronómica de melón (Cucumis melo L.) bajo condiciones de campo.
Authors: Borrego Fernando , López Alfonso , Fernández José M. , Murillo Margarita , Rodríguez Sergio A. , Reyes Alfonso , Martínez Juan M.
Published: October 2018

With the objective to determine correlations between yield and principal components of variation of cantaloupe genotypes, in Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, 12 genotypes were established, in a Complete Randomized Block design with four replications. An experimental plot of two rows five meters long sown at double hill. The genotypes studied were: hybrids: Primo, Pronto, Challenger, Cheyenne, Hi-Line, Cruiser, Durango, Apache, Laguna, Caravelle and Main Pack, and the variety Top Mark, as a control. The variables evaluated were: yield (11 variables: quantitative and qualitative); phenology (three variables); agroclimatic (five variables) and physiologicals (four variables); significant and negative correlations (p<0.05) were found between yield and earliness, mean fruit weight, number of fruits, and between fruit number and fruit lenght. The most correlated physiological variables were photosynthesis and water use efficiency. With the principal component analysis up to the component three 65 % of variance is explained. Component one showed a high value on yield, weight and size characteristics, and called as “Yield Quantitative Characteristics”. In component two, “Earliness Component” showed the higher variations. Component three to six, explain similar proportions the other variables, being the sixth where was found the highest Photosynthesis. Multiple linear regression was significant (p<0.057), due to field conditions, can be considered adequate. Yield in t/ha is explained by a multiple linear equation (r2=0.99) of 10 variables.
Susceptibilidad a insectos en selecciones y variedades de Annona muricata L. y Persea americana M. en Puerto Rico.
Authors: Cabrera Irma , Martínez Sonia
Published: October 2018

Puerto Rico reported several insects in soursop (Annona muricata L.) and avocado (Persea americana M.), but the principal pest was the fruit borer Bephratelloides cubensis (A.) and the trunk and twig borer Apate monacha (F.) in A. muricata and Pseudacysta persea (F.) in P. americana. The incidence of B. cubensis and A. monacha was evaluated on six selections of soursop and the incidence of P. persea in seven varieties of avocado. In A. muricata was observed a higher incidence of holes per fruit in IV-1, VII-14 selection and the selection IV-16 showed the lowest incidence of B. cubensis. The incidence of A. monacha in A. muricata showed more borers per tree in the IV-16, IV- 2, IV-3, VII-14 selections. From the commercial varieties of P. americana evaluated, the most planted varieties in Puerto Rico are Avila, Semil 34, Wilson Popenoe, Pollock, Candelaria, Semil 43 and Butler. The Avila variety had the largest number of eggs, female and males nymph of P. persea per leaf, compared to the other varieties. The Avila variety showed significant values (P≤0.01) of infested leaves per tree. Resulting with 90% of the leaf damage. In the evaluation there not observed lowest or none preference in the P. americana varieties.
Fertilización de almácigos de pejibaye (Bactris gasi- paes Kunth) y algunas relaciones fenológicas.
Authors: Arroyo Carlos , Mora Jorge , Soto Henry
Published: October 2018

An exploratory fertilizing trial was conducted on nursery plants of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), using some of the material commonly applied by the farmers in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica to promote a better development of the plants. Besides, the same plants were used to study correlations and regressions on several morphological traits. The fertilizing trial results showed that foliar fertilization is not an effective practice in peach palm nurseries, and that the organic fertilizers used did not showed a positive response, probably due to an inadequate decomposing process. The best result by far, was obtained with the use of diammonium phosphate or DAP. On the other hand, all growth parameters studied (stalk diameter and weight, length of the leaf lamina and sheath, root weight, leaf weight and number, and plant height) were highly correlated among themselves.
Evaluación de variedades e híbridos de maíz (Zea mays) para ensilado.
Authors: Fuentes Jesús , Cruz Antonio , Castro Lorenzo , Gloria Gilberto , Rodríguez Sergio , Ortíz de la Rosa Benjamín
Published: October 2018

This research was conducted to evaluate 16 corn varieties cultivated for silage. The evaluation included: fodder production of green and dry matter, protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). A completely randomized design was used for statistical analysis and Tukey mean separation was used when appropiated. Fodder production as kg/ha was higher for AN446 (114028), AN445 (110993), and AN430R (106389). Dry matter fodder production was higher for AN447 (29270), AN461 (28026), VS373 (25434). Protein content (%) was higher for G4657 (7.58), AN388 (7.28), and AN448 (7.17). The best values for IVDMD (%)were for G1990 (69.14), AN446 (63.78), and AN430RR (63.50), while the higher values for IVOMD (%) were for G1990 (71.78), AN446 (65.20), and AN447 (65.12). Varieties AN446 and AN447 appeared frequently with the best values in the parameters evaluated, therefore, new research has to be performed with these varieties to confirm results found in this study.
Diagnóstico de la comercialización de alimentos balanceados para perros en Costa Rica.
Authors: Vargas Ruth
Published: October 2018

In order to widen the officials reports on dog feed trading, a data base was created including amounts, costs, package and formulas, for the period 1998 - 2000. Between 1995 - 1998, national production increased by 90.4% and imports for the period 1996 -1999 had a lesser increase of 42.6%. National production accounted for, in these years, 72% of the total tonnage and 70% of its value. It was not possible to determine which of feed package was most largely sold, but it is clear that pelleted products rank first and that the puppy – adults diets was mostly reported. 0fficial declarations to reporter formulas, lack information in order to make market surveys, suggests the need for better controls due, more guaranties belongs separately to puppies and adults stages. It is also worth mentioning that the guarantees registered report higher crude protein values with respect to AAFCO recommendations and that at least 36 formulas are recommended for specific sanitary conditions and have not been officially reported as such.