bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal‐neonatal events resulting from medications for preventing hypertensive disorders in high‐risk pregnant women: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Yamamoto Yoshiko , Kongkamol Chanon , Ota Erika , Mori Rintaro , Noma Hisashi
Published: June 2023

Background

There have been few studies reporting on maternal and neonatal events in high‐risk pregnant women receiving medications for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

Objective

To identify placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage, and neonates with small for gestational age (SGA) or growth restriction resulting from medications for preventing HDP in high‐risk pregnant women using a network meta‐analysis.

Search strategy

All randomized controlled trials comparing the most commonly used medications (antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, antioxidants, nitric oxide, and calcium) for preventing HDP in high‐risk pregnant women were searched from the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Specialized Register of Controlled Trials until July 31, 2020, without language restriction.

Selection criteria

Two of the authors independently selected the eligible trials.

Data collection and analysis

Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of the included trials. Pairwise and network meta‐analyses were used to determine comparative risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Main results

The 51 included trials involved 69 669 pregnant women. Compared with placebo/no treatment, antioxidants slightly reduced placental abruption with high‐certainty evidence. Antiplatelet agents probably reduced SGA with low‐certainty evidence and slightly increased neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage with moderate‐certainty evidence.

Conclusion

Antiplatelet agents probably reduce SGA, but neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage should be monitored.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO, CRD42018096276.
Soybean crop coefficients under different seeding rates and full and limited irrigation and rainfed management
Authors: Irmak Suat , Sandhu Rupinder
Published: June 2023

The effects of soybean seeding rates on evapotranspiration (ETc) and grass‐ and alfalfa‐reference crop coefficients (Kco and Kcr) were investigated under five seeding rates (185,250, 247,000, 308,750, 370,500 and 432,250 seeds ha−1) (62, 82, 103, 124 and 144% of the recommended seeding rate of 300,000 seeds ha−1 in the experimental region) and different irrigation strategies (i.e. full irrigation treatment [FIT], limited irrigation of 75% FIT and 50% FIT and rainfed treatment). Kco and Kcr values were developed for each soybean growth stage. The seasonal ETc ranged from 460 mm for rainfed to 489 mm for FIT in 2014 under the same seeding rate of 247,000 seeds ha−1. In 2015, ETc ranged from 308 mm for rainfed conditions under the highest seeding rate (432,250 seeds ha−1) to 395 mm for FIT conditions under 308,750 seeds ha−1. Greater differences in weekly ETc were observed across irrigation levels than seeding rates, indicating that water availability has a greater impact on ETc than seeding rates. Kc values were strongly correlated with days after emergence (DAE) and growing degree days (GDD). The seasonal maximum Kco varied among seeding rates and was observed between GDDs of 924 and 1200°C, corresponding to the R5 (beginning seed) and R6 (full seed) growth stages.
Nanotextured porous titanium scaffolds by argon ion irradiation: Toward conformal nanopatterning and improved implant osseointegration
Authors: Civantos Ana , Mesa‐Restrepo Andrea , Torres Yadir , Shetty Akshath R. , Cheng Ming Kit , Jaramillo‐Correa Camilo , Aditya Teresa , Allain Jean Paul
Published: June 2023

Stress shielding and osseointegration are two main challenges in bone regeneration, which have been targeted successfully by chemical and physical surface modification methods. Direct irradiation synthesis (DIS) is an energetic ion irradiation method that generates self‐organized nanopatterns conformal to the surface of materials with complex geometries (e.g., pores on a material surface). This work exposes porous titanium samples to energetic argon ions generating nanopatterning between and inside pores. The unique porous architected titanium (Ti) structure is achieved by mixing Ti powder with given amounts of spacer NaCl particles (vol % equal to 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%), compacted and sintered, and combined with DIS to generate a porous Ti with bone‐like mechanical properties and hierarchical topography to enhance Ti osseointegration. The porosity percentages range between 25% and 30% using 30 vol % NaCl space‐holder (SH) volume percentages to porosity rates of 63%–68% with SH volume of 70 vol % NaCl. Stable and reproducible nanopatterning on the flat surface between pores, inside pits, and along the internal pore walls are achieved, for the first time on any porous biomaterial. Nanoscale features were observed in the form of nanowalls and nanopeaks of lengths between 100 and 500 nm, thicknesses of 35‐nm and heights between 100 and 200 nm on average. Bulk mechanical properties that mimic bone‐like structures were observed along with increased wettability (by reducing contact values). Nano features were cell biocompatible and enhanced in vitro pre‐osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Higher alkaline phosphatase levels and increased calcium deposits were observed on irradiated 50 vol % NaCl samples at 7 and 14 days. After 24 h, nanopatterned porous samples decreased the number of attached macrophages and the formation of foreign body giant cells, confirming nanoscale tunability of M1–M2 immuno‐activation with enhanced osseointegration.
Validation of a clinically applicable device for fast and accurate quantification of blood volume
Authors: Breenfeldt Andersen Andreas , Bonne Thomas C. , Hansen Joar , Oturai Peter , Lundby Carsten
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Determination of blood volume (BV) using the dual‐isotope (e.g., 99mTc‐labeled red blood cells [99mTc‐RBC] and 125I‐labeled human serum albumin [125I‐HSA]) injection method is limited in medicine due to the long isotope half‐life. However, BV has been determined in laboratory settings for 100 years using the carbon monoxide (CO)‐rebreathing‐based procedure, which allows frequent BV measurements.

Methods

We investigated the reliability and accuracy of a semi‐automated CO‐rebreathing device by comparing it against the dual‐isotope methodology and its ability to detect a known blood removal. In study A, BV was determined three times in ~2 h; twice using the device with rebreathing protocols lasting 2 (CO2min) and 10 min (CO10min) and once with the dual‐isotope technique. In study B, the accuracy of the device was assessed by its ability to detect a 2% removal of BV.

Results

A good correlation was observed between both the CO‐rebreathing protocols (r2 = 0.89–0.98; p < 0.001) and the dual‐isotope approach (r2 = 0.89–0.95; p < 0.001). In absolute terms BV was 425 ± 263 mL and 491 ± 388 mL lower (p < 0.001) when quantified with the dual‐isotope compared to the CO‐rebreathing protocols. When reducing BV by 132 ± 25 mL (2%), the device quantified a lower (p < 0.001) BV of 150 ± 45 mL.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes that the semi‐automated device accurately determines small changes (i.e., 2%) in BV and that a high correlation with the dual‐isotope methodology exists. The findings are clinically relevant owing to the method's simple and fast nature (the absence of radioactive tracers and reduced time requirements, i.e., ~15 min vs. ~180 min) and the possibility for repeated measurements within a single day.
Live‐cell imaging reveals redox metabolic reprogramming during zygotic genome activation
Authors: Sun Hao , Zhang Zhuo , Li Tianda , Li Ting , Chen Weicai , Pan Tianshi , Fang Sen , Liu Chao , Zhang Ying , Wang Leyun , Feng Guihai , Li Wei , Zhou Qi , Zhao Yuzheng
Published: June 2023

Metabolic programming is deeply intertwined with early embryonic development including zygotic genome activation (ZGA), the polarization of zygotic cells, and cell fate commitment. It is crucial to establish a noninvasive imaging technology that spatiotemporally illuminates the cellular metabolism pathways in embryos to track developmental metabolism in situ. In this study, we used two high‐quality genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors, SoNar for NADH/NAD+ and iNap1 for NADPH, to characterize the dynamic regulation of energy metabolism and redox homeostasis during early zygotic cleavage. Our imaging results showed that NADH/NAD+ levels decreased from the early to the late two‐cell stage, whereas the levels of the reducing equivalent NADPH increased. Mechanistically, transcriptome profiling suggested that during the two‐cell stage, zygotic cells downregulated the expression of genes involved in glucose uptake and glycolysis, and upregulated the expression of genes for pyruvate metabolism in mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation, with a decline in the expression of two peroxiredoxin genes, Prdx1 and Prdx2. Collectively, with the establishment of in situ metabolic monitoring technology, our study revealed the programming of redox metabolism during ZGA.
Functional differences in agonist‐induced plasma membrane expression of Orai1α and Orai1β
Authors: Jardin Isaac , Alvarado Sandra , Sanchez‐Collado Jose , Nieto‐Felipe Joel , Lopez Jose J. , Salido Gines M. , Rosado Juan A.
Published: June 2023

Orai1 is the pore‐forming subunit of the store‐operated Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels involved in a variety of cellular functions. Two Orai1 variants have been identified, the long form, Orai1α, containing 301 amino acids, and the short form, Orai1β, which arises from alternative translation initiation from methionines 64 or 71, in Orai1α. Orai1 is mostly expressed in the plasma membrane, but a subset of Orai1 is located in intracellular compartments. Here we show that Ca2+ store depletion leads to trafficking and insertion of compartmentalized Orai1α in the plasma membrane via a mechanism that is independent on changes in cytosolic free‐Ca2+ concentration, as demonstrated by cell loading with the fast intracellular Ca2+ chelator dimethyl BAPTA in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Interestingly, thapsigargin (TG) was found to be unable to induce translocation of Orai1β to the plasma membrane when expressed individually; by contrast, when Orai1β is co‐expressed with Orai1α, cell treatment with TG induced rapid trafficking and insertion of compartmentalized Orai1β in the plasma membrane. Translocation of Orai1 forms to the plasma membrane was found to require the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. Finally, expression of a dominant negative mutant of the small GTPase ARF6, and ARF6‐T27N, abolished the translocation of compartmentalized Orai1 variants to the plasma membrane upon store depletion. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism that regulate the plasma membrane abundance of Orai1 variants after Ca2+ store depletion.
Reliability and validity of assessing lower‐limb muscle architecture of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) using ultrasound: A systematic review
Authors: Liu Wei , Wu Hui Dong , Ling Yan To , Shea Queenie Tsung Kwan , Nazari Vaheh , Zheng Yong‐Ping , Ma Christina Zong‐Hao
Published: June 2023

Aims

To investigate the reliability, validity, and level of evidence of applying ultrasound in assessing the lower‐limb muscles of patients with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

Publications in Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched on May 10, 2023, to identify and examine relevant studies investigating the reliability/validity of ultrasound in evaluating the architecture of CP lower‐limb muscles systematically, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis 2020 guidelines.

Results

Out of 897 records, 9 publications with 111 CP participants aged 3.8–17.0 years were included (8 focused on intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability, 2 focused on validity, and 4 were with high quality). The ultrasound‐based measurements of muscle thickness (intra‐rater only), muscle length, cross‐sectional area, muscle volume, fascicle length, and pennation angle showed high reliability, with the majority of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values being larger than 0.9. Moderate‐to‐good correlations between ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging measurements existed in muscle thickness and cross‐sectional area (0.62 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.82).

Interpretation

Generally, ultrasound has high reliability and validity in evaluating the CP muscle architecture, but this is mainly supported by moderate and limited levels of evidence. More high‐quality future studies are needed.
Efficiency and Accuracy Evaluation of Multiple Diffusion‐Weighted MRI Techniques Across Different Scanners
Authors: Crop Frederik , Robert Clémence , Viard Romain , Dumont Julien , Kawalko Marine , Makala Pauline , Liem Xavier , El Aoud Imen , Ben Miled Aicha , Chaton Victor , Patin Lucas , Pasquier David , Guillaud Ophélie , Vandendorpe Benjamin , Mirabel Xavier , Ceugnart Luc , Decoene Camille , Lacornerie Thomas
Published: June 2023

Background

The choice between different diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) techniques is difficult as each comes with tradeoffs for efficient clinical routine imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) accuracy.

Purpose

To quantify signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (SNR) efficiency, ADC accuracy, artifacts, and distortions for different DWI acquisition techniques, coils, and scanners.

Study Type

Phantom, in vivo intraindividual biomarker accuracy between DWI techniques and independent ratings.

Population/Phantoms

NIST diffusion phantom.

51 Patients: 40 with prostate cancer and 11 with head‐and‐neck cancer at 1.5 T

Field Strength/Sequence

Echo planar imaging (EPI): 1.5 T and 3 T Siemens; 3 T Philips.

Distortion‐reducing: RESOLVE (1.5 and 3 T Siemens); Turbo Spin Echo (TSE)‐SPLICE (3 T Philips).

Small field‐of‐view (FOV): ZoomitPro (1.5 T Siemens); IRIS (3 T Philips).

Head‐and‐neck and flexible coils.

Assessment

SNR Efficiency, geometrical distortions, and susceptibility artifacts were quantified for different b‐values in a phantom. ADC accuracy/agreement was quantified in phantom and for 51 patients. In vivo image quality was independently rated by four experts.

Statistical Tests

QIBA methodology for accuracy: trueness, repeatability, reproducibility, Bland–Altman 95% Limits‐of‐Agreement (LOA) for ADC. Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank and student tests on P < 0.05 level.

Results

The ZoomitPro small FOV sequence improved b‐image efficiency by 8%–14%, reduced artifacts and observer scoring for most raters at the cost of smaller FOV compared to EPI. The TSE‐SPLICE technique reduced artifacts almost completely at a 24% efficiency cost compared to EPI for b‐values ≤500 sec/mm2. Phantom ADC 95% LOA trueness were within ±0.03 × 10−3 mm2/sec except for small FOV IRIS. The in vivo ADC agreement between techniques, however, resulted in 95% LOAs in the order of ±0.3 × 10−3 mm2/sec with up to 0.2 × 10−3 mm2/sec of bias.

Data Conclusion

ZoomitPro for Siemens and TSE SPLICE for Philips resulted in a trade‐off between efficiency and artifacts. Phantom ADC quality control largely underestimated in vivo accuracy: significant ADC bias and variability was found between techniques in vivo.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
Tropical cyclones and depressions over the South Pacific Ocean since the late 19th century: Assessing synergistic relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Yeasmin Alea , Chand Savin , Sultanova Nargiz
Published: June 2023

Tropical cyclones (TCs) and tropical depressions (TDs), hereafter collectively referred to as tropical storms, often exhibit large year‐to‐year variability in the South Pacific Ocean basin. Many past studies have examined this variability in relation to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, particularly using observational data from the post‐satellite era (i.e., after the 1970s when TC observations became more consistent). However, less emphasis is placed on how tropical storms are modulated at interdecadal and decadal time scales such as due to Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). This is because post‐satellite data are available for relatively short time period (i.e., post‐1970s), limiting our understanding of the IPO–TC relationship in the South Pacific. Here, using NOAA‐CIRES 20th Century Reanalysis (20CR) dataset, we reconstruct historical records (1871–2014) of TC and depression proxies for the South Pacific Ocean basin, and then utilize these reconstructed proxies to first understand the connections between TC–ENSO and TC–IPO over the 20th century, and then investigate the combined effects of ENSO–IPO effects on TCs and depressions. Results show that La Niña (El Niño) is more dominant on TC activity than El Niño (La Niña) over the western subregion 140–170° E (eastern sub‐region, 170–220° E) as expected. We also show that TC numbers are strongly modulated by the IPO phenomenon with, on average, more TCs occurring during the positive phase than during the negative phase of the IPO in both western and eastern sub‐regions. We show for the first time (using a long‐term reconstructed TC dataset) that the combined phases of El Niño and + IPO account for increased TC activity, as opposed to the combined phase of La Niña and −IPO, in the eastern sub‐region. Similarly, the combined phase of La Niña and + IPO, as opposed to the combined phase of El Niño and −IPO, account for increased TC activity in the western sub‐region. However, unlike TCs, the patterns of ENSO variability seem to be reversed for TDs. Changes in large‐scale environmental conditions, such as environmental vertical wind shear, low‐level cyclonic relative vorticity, mid‐tropospheric relative humidity and sea surface temperature are linked to the various modes of variability patterns and their synergistic relationships.
3D Raman mapping combined with FIB‐SEM on multiphase fluid inclusions: A tool to unravel complex phase assemblages
Authors: Aradi László E. , Spránitz Tamás , Myovela Justine L. , Guzmics Tibor , Patkó Levente , Berkesi Márta
Published: June 2023

In this study, we performed high resolution 3D Raman mapping on primary multiphase fluid inclusions from a granulite and an eclogite of the Cabo Ortegal Complex (NW Spain), the latter representing a former subduction zone environment. Several microns‐sized inclusions are great targets to test the advantages and limitations of 3D Raman mapping. We show how optical and Raman scattering properties of the phases inside the inclusions can affect the veracity of both 2D and 3D Raman maps. As an independent control, 3D Raman models were compared with focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy submicron‐scale slicing of three previously 3D Raman mapped inclusions, allowing us to optimize Raman spectroscopy data evaluation and provide volume proportion calculations. We found that a non‐optimized evaluation procedure might result in even an order of magnitude over‐ or underestimation of phase volume properties. We propose that correcting the Raman maps even with empirically determined Raman cross sections of the phases inside the inclusions can vastly improve the quality of the maps. The results provide valuable input data for thermodynamic modeling and draw implications for fluid/rock interactions.
Reducing the sink/source ratio of on‐date palm plants during fruit growth has physiological and biochemical impacts on the shift in source–sink limitations
Authors: Alikhani‐Koupaei Majid , Ehtesham Nia Abdollah
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

The present study examined the impact of reducing the ‘sink’ on the ‘source’ in On‐palms with a bunch number greater than eight. The capacity of leaves and fruit, as well as assimilate loading and unloading in phloem, restrict plant growth and yield. The study evaluated yield components, as well as photosynthetic and hormonal feedback, resulting from source–sink relationships.

RESULTS

During the mid‐Kimri, removing bunches from On‐trees stabilized yield components and fruit size, suggesting that On‐trees have a sink limitation. Bunch thinning boosted these indicators compared to normal trees with a bunch number between six and eight inclusive, indicating that On‐trees had source limitations. In mid‐Khalal, the treatments presented a type of source and sink limitation that is opposite to mid‐Kimri. The thinning techniques addressed the source–sink limitation by adjusting the additional carbon allocation. This resulted in an increase of non‐reducing sugars and starch in different organs, whereas reducing sugars decreased. These adjustments were made to reduce sucrose‐phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activity, raising invertase activity, lowering indole‐3‐acetic acid, zeatin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid hormone levels in fruits, as well as lowering trehalose production in organs. Levels of hormones, enzymes, and trehalose showed less variation during bunch thinning and source limitation compared to bunch removal and sink limitation.

CONCLUSION

At Rutab, thinning types demonstrated the source limitation of On‐trees. Bunch removal and bunch thinning by removing the source–sink limitation had the greatest effect on increasing yield components and fruit size, respectively. To improve the quality and quantity of fruit, it is important to use both thinning techniques simultaneously. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intra‐Sonographer Correlation Between Transabdominal and Transvaginal Cervical Length Measurements and Associated Patient Demographics
Authors: Peterson Jessica A. , Smolar Isaiah , Stoffels Guillaume , Bianco Angela
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To assess transvaginal (TV) and transabdominal (TA) cervical length (CL) measurements' variability and patient factors associated with TA CL accuracy. We hypothesized that patient factors would affect the accuracy of TA CL.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study. During anatomy ultrasound, TA and TV CL measurements were obtained, distance from placental edge to internal cervical os assessed, and demographic questionnaires completed. Patients between 18 to 22 weeks and 6 days were included and those <18 year old or with a twin gestation were excluded. TA CL >0.5 cm different from TV length was considered inaccurate.

Results

A total of 530 patients were included. Exactly 18.7% had a prior cesarean, 9.8% a preterm birth, and 2.2% a cervical procedure. Mean age and BMI were 31.1 years and 27.8 kg/m2. Median number of living children was one. Median TA and TV CL were 3.42 and 3.53 cm. Exactly 36% (95% CI: 32–40%) of TA CL measurements were inaccurate. CL of 3.4 cm corresponded to a mean difference of zero between TA and TV CL. TA ultrasound had a sensitivity of 25% and a specificity of 98.5% to detect TV CL <2.5 cm. On multivariable analyses, Hispanic ethnicity was associated with inaccurate TA measurement (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.24–0.96, P = .04).

Conclusions

On average, TA CL underestimates TV CL when TV CL >3.40 cm and overestimates TV CL when TV CL <3.40 cm. Additional co‐variates did not impact accuracy. TA ultrasound has low sensitivity to predict short cervix. Relying solely on TA CL to identify those who need intervention may miss diagnoses. It may be reasonable to develop protocols in which TV CL is used for TA CL <3.4 cm.
On the Fisher‐KPP model with nonlocal nonlinear sources
Authors: Bian Shen
Published: June 2023

The Cauchy problem considered in this paper is the following:

where . When the coefficient remains positive, (1) is analogous to

It is well known that when , the local solution of (2) blows up in finite time as long as the initial value is nontrivial. The main aim of this paper is to obtain sufficient conditions for global existence of solutions to (1) for and thus it forms a contrast to (2). The exponent produces an exact balance in the mass‐invariant scaling of diffusion and growth in (1). In particular, we prove that if , and
where is the sharp constant of the inequality , then (1) admits a global classical solution. Moreover, the long time behavior of the solution is also discussed. In addition, we prove that when , the problem is solvable globally in time without any restriction on the initial data.
Molecular Simulation of the Crystallization of Polyethylene Nanocomposites: The Effect of Surface Affinity of Nanofillers
Authors: Rueangsri Kanokporn , Vao‐soongnern Visit
Published: June 2023

Monte Carlo simulation of coarse‐grained models is used to investigate the effect of polymer–nanofiller interaction on the structural formation of polyethylene nanocomposites with stepwise cooling from the melts. Polyethylene (PE) is represented by the rotational isomeric state (RIS) model and the Lennard–Jones potential function for intrachain energetics and non‐bonded interactions, respectively. Crystallization is monitored using the fraction of trans state and the orientation order parameter at bond and chain scale. The results show that PE nanocomposites with repulsive polymer–surface interaction can enhance faster structural formation and induce larger degree of the ordered structures. On the other hand, nanofiller with attractive polymer–surface interaction causes the chain with lower amount of trans conformation resulted in less ordered structures.
Characterization of Unsaturated Polymers Using High‐Temperature Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled with Ultraviolet‐Evaporative Light Scattering Dual Detection
Authors: Deshmukh Subrajeet , Arndt Jan‐Hendrik , Macko Tibor , Brüll Robert
Published: June 2023

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a technique routinely used at high temperature to analyze the molar mass distribution (MMD) in polymers. The distribution of comonomer along the molar mass axis in a copolymer is a key microstructural feature that determines the macroscopic properties of the material and thus its range of possible applications. However, unsaturated polymers requiring high dissolution temperature, measurement of chemical composition distribution (CCD) along the molar mass axis, have so far been hampered by the lack of suitable detection methods. Toward this goal, the potential of ultraviolet (UV) detection for high temperature SEC of ethylene‐styrene, propylene‐styrene copolymers, and ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymers is investigated. The influence of experimental parameters such as analyte concentration, unsaturation content, and mobile phase on the spectroscopic response is probed. An evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is employed to monitor the analyte concentration, in combination with the UV detector, to quantitatively measure the distribution of unsaturation content along the MMD. A slice‐by‐slice UV/ELSD ratio is calculated to determine the average chemical composition of each molar mass fraction after SEC separation.
Peanut Shells Cellulose Based Biodegradable Nanocomposites with Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)
Authors: Pokhrel Shanta , Karki Pratima
Published: June 2023

Cellulose is the most abundant plant based biopolymer on earth which provides excellent properties to polymer nanocomposites such as high mechanical properties, high strength, low thermal expansion properties, low density, and biodegradability. The recent demand in materials research is to develop smart materials which comprise excellent features such as enhanced mechanical properties and thermal stability, biodegradability, being eco‐friendly, and low‐cost. Therefore, the objective of this research is to extract cellulose fibers from agricultural waste, i.e., peanut shell as an abundant source of agricultural byproducts and explore the potentiality of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/cellulose blends as an alternative of conventional plastics. The blend which has higher concentration of cellulose shows the higher acid absorption. FT‐IR of PVA/PVP/cellulose confirms the good interaction between the constituents of the blend. Antimicrobial activities of cellulose and their blend with polymer are evaluated and found maximum against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) than the Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis). Degradation behavior of blend is found directly proportional to cellulose content, i.e., highest shown by 20% cellulose film. Hence, PVP/PVA/cellulose blends show desired degradable properties and hence can be an alternative for use of conventional plastics.
Biomarkers of ageing: Current state‐of‐art, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Chen Ruiye , Wang Yueye , Zhang Shiran , Bulloch Gabriella , Zhang Junyao , Liao Huan , Shang Xianwen , Clark Malcolm , Peng Qingsheng , Ge Zongyuan , Cheng Ching‐Yu , Gao Yuanxu , He Mingguang , Zhu Zhuoting
Published: June 2023

Given the unprecedented phenomenon of population ageing, studies have increasing captured the heterogeneity within the ageing process. In this context, the concept of “biological age” has been introduced as an integrated measure reflecting the individualized ageing pace. Identifying reliable and robust biomarkers of age is critical for the accurate risk stratification of individuals and exploration into antiageing interventions. Numerous potential biomarkers of ageing have been proposed, spanning from molecular changes and imaging characteristics to clinical phenotypes. In this review, we will start off with a discussion of the development of ageing biomarkers, then we will provide a comprehensive summary of currently identified ageing biomarkers in humans, discuss the rationale behind each biomarker and highlight their accuracy and clinical value with a contemporary perspective. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges, potential applications, and future opportunities in this field. While research on ageing biomarkers has led to significant progress and applications, further investigations are still necessary. We anticipate that future breakthroughs in this field will involve exploring potential mechanisms, developing biomarkers by combining various data sources or employing new technologies, and validating the clinical value of existing and emerging biomarkers through comprehensive collaboration and longitudinal studies.
Indiana lawmaker sees latest gains setting stage for more MH support
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2023

The Indiana state legislature's lead sponsor of a bill to expand the reach of the state's crisis mental health services said he believes the gains that were made in this year's legislative session bode well for more progress in coming years.
Comparison of model‐free Lorentzian and spinlock model‐based fittings in quantitative CEST imaging of acute stroke
Authors: Wu Limin , Lu Dongshuang , Sun Phillip Zhe
Published: June 2023

Purpose

CEST MRI detects complex tissue changes following acute stroke. Our study aimed to test if spinlock model‐based fitting of the quasi‐steady‐state (QUASS)‐reconstructed equilibrium CEST MRI improves the determination of multi‐pool signal changes over the commonly‐used model‐free Lorentzian fitting in acute stroke.

Theory and Methods

Multiple three‐pool CEST Z‐spectra were simulated using Bloch‐McConnell equations for a range of T1, relaxation delay, and saturation times. The multi‐pool CEST signals were solved from the simulated Z‐spectra to test the accuracy of routine Lorentzian (model‐free) and spinlock (model‐based) fittings without and with QUASS reconstruction. In addition, multiparametric MRI scans were obtained in rat models of acute stroke, including relaxation, diffusion, and CEST Z‐spectrum. Finally, we compared model‐free and model‐based per‐pixel CEST quantification in vivo.

Results

The spinlock model‐based fitting of QUASS CEST MRI provided a nearly T1‐independent determination of multi‐pool CEST signals, advantageous over the fittings of apparent CEST MRI (model‐free and model‐based). In vivo data also demonstrated that the spinlock model‐based QUASS fitting captured significantly different changes in semisolid magnetization transfer (−0.9 ± 0.8 vs. 0.3 ± 0.8%), amide (−1.1 ± 0.4 vs. −0.5 ± 0.2%), and guanidyl (1.0 ± 0.4 vs. 0.7 ± 0.3%) signals over the model‐free Lorentzian analysis.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that spinlock model‐based fitting of QUASS CEST MRI improved the determination of the underlying tissue changes following acute stroke, promising further clinical translation of quantitative CEST imaging.
Synthesis of drug carrier smart ferrogels and application of artificial neural network in modeling their doxorubicin release behavior under alternating magnetic fields
Authors: Boztepe Cihangir , Vanlı Tuğçe
Published: June 2023

The development of magnetic field‐sensitive smart drug delivery systems with superior properties has become an area of increasing academic and industrial importance. In this study, smart poly(NIPAAm‐co‐VSA)‐rGO/Fe3O4 ferrogels with varying concentrations of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized. Fe3O4 nanoparticles loaded ferrogels were obtained by the in situ reduction of Fe ions. The morphologic, structural, and magnetic properties of ferrogel systems were characterized. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded to the synthesized ferrogels by solution impregnation method and their heating and drug release behavior over time under alternating magnetic field AMFs of 1.37, 1.64, and 1.91 millitesla (mT) were investigated. The drug loading and releasing characteristics of the ferrogel series were calculated. When the experimental results were examined, it was determined that the amount of rGO in the structure of the developed ferrogel systems had a very high effect on the magnetic, heating, and drug loading‐release characteristics of the ferrogels. To modeling their multivariable DOX release behavior, artificial neural network modeling technique was used. Calculated model performance parameters have shown that this developed artificial intelligence technique has great success in modeling complex and nonlinear DOX release behaviors.
Hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement guiding nonselective beta‐blocker therapy in a patient with clinically significant portal hypertension
Authors: Wang Kun , Tian Minghui , Zhang Linpeng , Liu Shanghao , Guo Xiaoqing , Ma Jianzhong
Published: June 2023

Clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH), defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) ≥ 10 mmHg, is an independent risk factor for decompensated events in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Currently, the Baveno VII consensus recommends using nonselective beta‐blockers to treat compensated cirrhosis in patients with CSPH. Here, we report a unusual case of compensated cirrhosis with CSPH caused by hepatitis B, and we successfully adjust NSBBs drug treatment strategies monitoring by HVPG results and achieve response standards. Timely adjustment of NSBBs drug treatment strategies based on HVPG test results for patients with CSPH can improve the final response rate.
Population pharmacokinetics of atacicept in systemic lupus erythematosus: An analysis of three clinical trials
Authors: Pitsiu Maria , Yalkinoglu Özkan , Farrell Colm , Girard Pascal , Vazquez‐Mateo Cristina , Papasouliotis Orestis
Published: June 2023

B cell stimulating factor (BLyS) and a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) are targets for novel treatments in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Atacicept is a recombinant, soluble fusion protein that blocks BLyS and APRIL activity. This study characterized the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of atacicept using a population PK model and identified covariates explaining the PK variability. Total atacicept concentrations from a phase I study in healthy volunteers and two phase II studies in patients with SLE, using subcutaneous administration, were modeled using a quasi‐steady‐state approximation of the target‐mediated drug disposition model with first‐order absorption. The model included 3640 serum atacicept concentration records from 37 healthy volunteers and 503 patients with SLE and described total atacicept concentrations of the three trials, providing precise estimates of all parameters. Body weight and baseline BLyS concentration were the only statistically significant covariates, whereas no differences were found between patients and healthy volunteers. Apparent clearance and volume of the central compartment increased with body weight and initial target concentration increased with baseline BLyS. The change on atacicept exposure was moderate, with a difference in area under the curve compared with the median of 20%–32% for body weight, and 7%–18% for BLyS. Therefore, the effects of these covariates on atacicept exposure are not expected to be clinically relevant. The model described the complete total atacicept concentration–time profiles without finding any differences between healthy subjects and patients with SLE and supports the 150 mg once weekly dose for further trials.
Guided analysis of ambient ionization mass spectrometry data with the MQ_Assistant
Authors: Guillén‐Alonso Héctor , García‐Rojas Nancy Shyrley , Winkler Robert
Published: June 2023

Rationale

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) delivers realistic data from samples in their native state. In addition, AIMS methods reduce time and costs for sample preparation and have less environmental impact. However, AIMS data are often complex and require substantial processing before interpretation.

Methods

We developed an interactive R script for guided mass spectrometry (MS) data processing. The “MQ_Assistant” is based on MALDIquant, a popular R package for MS data processing. In each step, the user can try and preview the effect of chosen parameters before deciding on the values with the best result and proceeding to the next stage. The outcome of the MQ_Assistant is a feature matrix that can be further analyzed in R and statistics tools such as MetaboAnalyst.

Results

Using 360 AIMS example spectra, we demonstrate the step‐by‐step processing for creating a feature matrix. In addition, we show how to visualize the results of three biological replicates of a plant–microbe interaction between Arabidopsis and Trichoderma as a heatmap using R and upload them to MetaboAnalyst. The final parameter set can be saved for reuse in MALDIquant workflows of similar data.

Conclusions

The MQ_Assistant helps novices and experienced users to develop workflows for (AI)MS data processing. The interactive procedure supports the quick finding of appropriate settings. These parameters can be exported and reused in future projects. The stepwise operation with visual feedback also suggests the use of the MQ_Assistant in education.
Growing uniform planar maps face by face
Authors: Caraceni Alessandra , Stauffer Alexandre
Published: June 2023

We provide “growth schemes” for inductively generating uniform random ‐angulations of the sphere with faces, as well as uniform random simple triangulations of the sphere with faces. In the case of ‐angulations, we provide a way to insert a new face at a random location in a uniform ‐angulation with faces in such a way that the new map is precisely a uniform ‐angulation with faces. Similarly, given a uniform simple triangulation of the sphere with faces, we describe a way to insert two new adjacent triangles so as to obtain a uniform simple triangulation of the sphere with faces. The latter is based on a new bijective presentation of simple triangulations that relies on a construction by Poulalhon and Schaeffer.
Carbon Dots as a Fluorescent Probe for Appraising Morphology‐Dependent Free‐Radical‐Scavenging Properties of CuO Nanostructures
Authors: Konar Suraj , Salam Shaik Md. Abdus , Samanta Dipanjan , Shaw Manisha , Basu Rajarshi , Mahto Madhusudan Kr. , Mondal Imran , Pathak Amita
Published: June 2023

Free radical scavenging property of different ligand directed nanostructures of CuO (rod‐, sphere, flower‐, and star‐shaped) prepared through aqueous based chemical precipitation route using various carboxylic acids (viz. tartaric acid, citric acid and acetic acid) have been investigated using N,S co‐doped carbon dots (NSCDs) as a novel fluorescent probe which is validated through diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and EPR study. The rod shaped nanostructures having the highest negative surface potential and lowest BET surface area compared to other morphologies, were found to show the highest radical scavenging ability which was corroborated with the maximum decrease of the DPPH absorption peak in UV‐vis spectra, largest attenuation of the DPPH free radical signal in EPR intensity and the maximum quenching of the fluorescent intensity of the NSCDs probe.
Ring‐B Modification of Combretastatin A‐4 to Generate Thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione‐1,2,3‐triazole Hybrids as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors
Authors: Vanaparthy Advaitha , Bokkala Karthik , Thirukovela Narasimha Swamy , Sirassu Narsimha , Manchal Ravinder , Srinivas Bandari , Nukala Satheesh Kumar
Published: June 2023

In this work we have described the synthesis of thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione‐1,2,3‐triazole hybrids (7 a–n) via ring‐B modification of Combretastatin A‐4 involving reactions namely Knoevenagel condensation, O‐propargylation and finally copper (I) catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). They were tested for the in vitro anticancer activity against A549, MCF‐7 and HeLa cell lines using MTT assay where some compounds were exhibited more potency than the Nocodazole. In vitro tubulin polymerization inhibition assay for the same compounds revealed that they were more potent in inhibiting tubulin with IC50 values ranging from 0.22 μM to 0.64 μM compared reference drug Combretastatin A‐4. Molecular docking studies of active compounds with α,β‐tubulin revealed that they compounds have more binding energies than that of combretastatin A‐4. Finally, in silico pharmacokinetic profile was achieved for the same compounds using SWISS/ADME and pkCSM, where some of them have followed Lipinski rule and Veber rule.
Translating and validating the sources of pressure scale: Job stressors among Chinese government employees
Authors: Yang Fengyin , Li Yong , Stetson Randall
Published: June 2023

In recent years, stress‐related suicides have been on the rise among Chinese government employees. Standardized instruments on job stress are abundant, but few of them have been administered and validated among Chinese government employees. Using convenience samples of Chinese government employees, this study aimed to translate and validate the Sources of Pressure Scale (SPS) of the Pressure Management Indicator (PMI), which is a comprehensive instrument on job stress developed by western researchers. Sample 1 participants (n = 278) filled out the PMI questionnaire and the Kessler Psychological Distress scale in person and sample 2 participants (n = 227) completed the same questionnaires online. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using separate samples. Though the original SPS contained 40 items and eight dimensions, our analyses validated a much shorter version, with four dimensions encompassing 15 items: relationships (5 items), home‐work balance (4 items), recognition (3 items), and personal responsibilities (3 items). Also reported in the study is evidence that the shortened version of the the PMI is the Sources of Pressure Scale is a reliable and valid measure of job stressors among Chinese government employees. Government agencies in China can use these findings to develop more relevant organizational‐level interventions to reduce job stress and its detrimental consequences.
Histone methyltransferase enzyme enhancer of zeste homolog 2 counteracts ischemic brain injury via H3K27me3‐mediated regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Miao , Fan Limin , Wu Guoping , Wang Hairong , Gu Shuo
Published: June 2023

Background

Epigenetic histone methylation plays a crucial role in cerebral ischemic injury, particularly in the context of ischemic stroke. However, the complete understanding of regulators involved in histone methylation, such as Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), along with their functional effects and underlying mechanisms, remains incomplete.

Methods

Here, we employed a rat model of MCAO (Middle cerebral artery occlusion) and an OGD (Oxygen‐Glucose Deprivation) model of primary cortical neurons to study the role of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury. The infarct volume was measured through TTC staining, while cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL staining. The mRNA expression levels were quantified through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whereas protein expressions were evaluated via western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments.

Results

The expression levels of EZH2 and H3K27me3 were upregulated in OGD; these expression levels were further enhanced by GSK‐J4 but reduced by EPZ‐6438 and AKT inhibitor (LY294002) under OGD conditions. Similar trends were observed for mTOR, AKT, and PI3K while contrasting results were noted for UTX and JMJD3. The phosphorylation levels of mTOR, AKT, and PI3K were activated by OGD, further stimulated by GSK‐J4, but inhibited by EPZ‐6438 and AKT inhibitor. Inhibition of EZH2 or AKT effectively counteracted OGD‐/MCAO‐induced cell apoptosis. Additionally, inhibition of EZH2 or AKT mitigated MCAO‐induced infarct size and neurological deficit in vivo.

Conclusions

Collectively, our results demonstrate that EZH2 inhibition exerts a protective effect against ischemic brain injury by modulating the H3K27me3/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The results provide novel insights into potential therapeutic mechanisms for stroke treatment.
ANRIL regulating the secretion of Muc5ac induced by atmospheric PM2.5 via NF‐κB pathway in Beas‐2B cells
Authors: Zhou Liting , Zhu Ying , Zhang Tianrong , Zhang Ruxuan , Liu Ying , Li Xu , Zhao Weisen , Ye Jiaming , Ju Ye , Ye Lin
Published: June 2023

PM2.5 can cause airway inflammation and promote the excessive secretion of mucin 5ac (Muc5ac), which can further induce many respiratory diseases. Antisense non‐coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) might regulate the inflammatory responses mediated by nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway. Beas‐2B cells were used to clarify the role of ANRIL in the secretion of Muc5ac induced by PM2.5. The siRNA was used to silence ANRIL expression. Normal and gene silenced Beas‐2B cells were respectively exposed to different doses of PM2.5 for 6, 12, and 24 h. The survival rate of Beas‐2B cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and Muc5ac levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of NF‐κB family genes and ANRIL were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The levels of NF‐κB family proteins and NF‐κB family phosphorylated proteins were determined using Western blot. Immunofluorescence experiments were performed to observe the nuclear transposition of RelA. PM2.5 exposure increased the levels of Muc5ac, IL‐1β and TNF‐α, and ANRIL gene expression (p < .05). With the dose and time of PM2.5 exposure increasing, the protein levels of inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor kappa‐B alpha (IκB‐α), RelA, and NF‐κB1 decreased, the protein levels of phosphorylated RelA (p‐RelA) and phosphorylated NF‐κB1 (p‐NF‐κB1) increased, and RelA nuclear translocation increased, which indicated that the NF‐κB signaling pathway was activated (p < .05). Silencing ANRIL could decrease the levels of Muc5ac, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, decrease NF‐κB family genes expression, inhibit the degradation of IκB‐α and the activation of NF‐κB pathway (p < .05). ANRIL played a regulatory role in the secretion of Muc5ac and the inflammation induced by atmospheric PM2.5 via NF‐κB pathway in Beas‐2B cells. ANRIL could be a target for prevention and treatment of the respiratory diseases caused by PM2.5.