bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da qualidade de vida e Síndrome de Burnout em professores universitários
Authors: Melo Miranda Isabela Maria , Fernandes Tavares Helen Hana , Rodrigues Soares da Silva Heloísa , Santana Braga Monise , De Oliveira Santos Raquel , Canevari Dutra da Silva Renato , Silva Guerra Heloísa
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A expressão qualidade de vida envolve parâmetros objetivos e subjetivos, como a saúde e outros fatores, sendo sua compreensão algo individual e dinâmico. Os professores, em função de sua dinâmica de trabalho, estão propensos a desenvolverem a Síndrome de Burnout e terem sua qualidade de vida afetada negativamente. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a presença da Síndrome de Burnout entre os docentes de um curso de graduação em Medicina e sua correlação com a qualidade de vida. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com docentes do ensino superior, por meio da avaliação de características sociodemográficas e comportamentais, qualidade de vida e presença da síndrome de Burnout. Resultados: Os resultados dos 22 participantes apontaram uma maioria de docentes do sexo masculino, idade média de 36,4 anos, casados e que trabalham como docente, em média, 29,5 horas por semana. Identificou-se uma correlação negativa entre exaustão e os domínios físico (p=0,005), psicológico (p=0,015) e geral (p=0,009), sugerindo redução da qualidade de vida; e uma correlação positiva entre a eficácia profissional e domínio psicológico (p=0,023), sugestivo de que a percepção positiva de eficácia profissional eleva a QV entre os professores. Conclusão: O trabalho ressalta aspectos importantes da qualidade de vida e síndrome de Burnout entre docentes universitários, que podem auxiliar na compreensão das características desse público e na elaboração de estratégias preventivas.
Dual-axis cubic cavity for drift-compensated multi-wavelength laser stabilisation
Authors: Hill Ian R , Hendricks Richard J , Donnellan Sean , Gaynor Paul , Allen Ben , Barwood Geoffrey P , Gill Patrick
Published: October 2021

We describe a ‘clock control unit’ based on a dual-axis cubic cavity (DACC) for the frequency stabilisation of lasers involved in a strontium optical lattice clock. The DACC, which ultimately targets deployment in space applications, provides a short-term stable reference for all auxiliary lasers—i.e. cooling, clear-out, and optical lattice—in a single multi-band cavity. Long-term cavity drift is compensated by a feed-forward scheme exploiting a fixed physical relation to an orthogonal second cavity axis; either by reference to an ultrastable 698 nm clock laser, or by exploiting the differential drift between orthogonal axes extracted by a single laser in common view. Via a change of mirror set in the cavity axis accessed by the clock laser, the system could also provide stabilisation for sub-Hz linewidths at the 698 nm clock wavelength, fulfilling all stabilisation requirements of the clock.
Motion parallax and lossless resolution autostereoscopic 3D display based on a binocular viewpoint tracking liquid crystal dynamic grating adaptive screen
Authors: Meng Yang , Lyu Yan , Chen Laurence Lujun , Yu Zhongyuan , Liao Hongen
Published: October 2021

The autostereoscopic 3D display has two important indicators, both the number of viewpoints and display resolution. However, it's a challenge to improve both the viewpoint and the resolution. Here, we develop a fixed-position multiview and lossless resolution autostereoscopic 3D display system that includes the dynamic liquid crystal (LC) grating screen. This display system consists of an LC display panel and an LC grating screen. The synchronization of the frame switching of the LC display panel and the LC grating screen shutter enables the preserved resolution. The “eye space” design makes the viewpoint dense enough and determines the LC grating screen's parameters. We use binocular viewpoint tracking technology to realize the LC grating screen's adaptive control based on the above work. Different binocular views are rendered in real-time according to the different positions of a single pair of stereoscopic viewpoints in the eye space, making the motion parallax possible. We present the working principle and mathematical analysis. We implement a prototype for verifying the principle. According to the experiment results analysis, this prototype can achieve viewpoint tracking and motion parallax based on resolution lossless and viewpoint dense enough.
Magnetic-field enhanced modulation transfer spectroscopy: theory and experiment
Authors: Lee Sanglok , Kang Jeongwon , Kim Subin , Jeong Jeongyoun , Moon Geol , Noh Heung-Ryoul
Published: October 2021

We herein present a theoretical and experimental study on magnetic-field enhanced modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) for the 5S1/2 (F = 1) → 5P3/2 (F′ = 0, 1, and 2) transitions of 87Rb atoms. The density matrix equations are solved numerically to obtain the MTS spectra and an excellent agreement is found between the experimental and calculated results. In particular, the enhancement of the MTS signal for the F = 1 → F′ = 0 transition in the presence of the magnetic field is directly verified based on the comparison of the results calculated by neglecting with those calculated including the Zeeman coherences in the F = 1 ground state. The unexpected behaviors of the F = 1 → F′ = 1 transition are also examined.
Mechanical sharing dual-comb fiber laser based on an
all-polarization-maintaining cavity configuration
Authors: Nakajima Yoshiaki , Kusumi Yugo , Minoshima Kaoru
Published: October 2021

We present a mechanical sharing, dual-comb fiber laser based on an all-polarization-maintaining cavity configuration and a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror mode-locking mechanism. This simple setup yields dual-optical frequency combs with a high level of mutual coherence without active servo control. We realized a high relative stability with a standard deviation of 0.27 Hz and a relative beat note between the dual-frequency combs with a full-width at half-maximum of

∼

50

H
z

. Dual-frequency combs were found to have high relative stability and mutual coherence owing to passive common-mode noise suppression using a mechanical sharing laser cavity. This laser configuration can significantly simplify dual-comb spectroscopy.
High-axial-resolution single-molecule localization under dense excitation with a multi-channel deep U-Net
Authors: Zhang Weihang , Zhang Zhihong , Bian Liheng , Wang Haoqian , Suo Jinli , Dai Qionghai
Published: October 2021

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can bypass the diffraction limit of optical microscopes and greatly improve the resolution in fluorescence microscopy. By introducing the point spread function (PSF) engineering technique, we can customize depth varying PSF to achieve higher axial resolution. However, most existing 3D single-molecule localization algorithms require excited fluorescent molecules to be sparse and captured at high signal-to-noise ratios, which results in a long acquisition time and precludes SMLM’s further applications in many potential fields. To address this problem, we propose a novel 3D single-molecular localization method based on a multi-channel neural network based on U-Net. By leveraging the deep network’s great advantages in feature extraction, the proposed network can reliably discriminate dense fluorescent molecules with overlapped PSFs and corrupted by sensor noise. Both simulated and real experiments demonstrate its superior performance in PSF engineered microscopes with short exposure and dense excitations, which holds great potential in fast 3D super-resolution microscopy.
Low-voltage surface-normal electroabsorption modulators
Authors: Grillanda Stefano , Hu Ting-Chen , Neilson David , Earnshaw Mark
Published: October 2021

Surface-normal electroabsorption modulators (SNEAMs) are appealing for short-reach communication systems because of their outstanding properties, such as ultrawide bandwidth and polarization-insensitive response; however, due to their small active volumes, large voltage swings are typically required to obtain the best performance. Here we propose and demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, design that dramatically reduces the voltage needed by SNEAMs and significantly increases their extinction ratio. By shrinking the multiple quantum well stack of SNEAMs to the minimum and by optimizing their reflectivity with dielectric coatings of suitable refractive index and thickness, we obtain modulators that require drive voltages of only

1
−
2

V

p
p

. We show that these novel devices largely outperform conventional SNEAMs.
Underwater photon-inter-correlation optical communication
Authors: Yan Zeng-Quan , Hu Cheng-Qiu , Li Zhan-Ming , Li Zhong-Yuan , Zheng Hang , Jin Xian-Min
Published: October 2021

High-capacity, long-distance underwater optical communication enables a global scale optical network covering orbit, land, and water. Underwater communication using photons as carriers has a high channel capacity; however, the light scattering and absorption of water lead to an inevitable huge channel loss, setting an insurmountable transmission distance for existing underwater optical communication technologies. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the photon-inter-correlation optical communication (PICOC) in air–water scenarios. We retrieve additional internal correlation resources from the sparse single-photon stream with high fidelity. We successfully realize the 105-m-long underwater optical communication against a total loss up to 120.1 dB using only a microwatt laser. The demonstrated underwater light attenuation is equivalent to the loss of 883-m-long Jerlov type I water, encouraging the practical air–water optical communication to connect deeper underwater worlds.
Regulation of transcription reactivation dynamics exiting mitosis
Authors: Sarnataro Sergio , Riba Andrea , Molina Nacho
Published: October 2021

Proliferating cells experience a global reduction of transcription during mitosis, yet their cell identity is maintained and regulatory information is propagated from mother to daughter cells. Mitotic bookmarking by transcription factors has been proposed as a potential mechanism to ensure the reactivation of transcription at the proper set of genes exiting mitosis. Recently, mitotic transcription and waves of transcription reactivation have been observed in synchronized populations of human hepatoma cells. However, the study did not consider that mitotic-arrested cell populations progressively desynchronize leading to measurements of gene expression on a mixture of cells at different internal cell-cycle times. Moreover, it is not well understood yet what is the precise role of mitotic bookmarking on mitotic transcription as well as on the transcription reactivation waves. Ultimately, the core gene regulatory network driving the precise transcription reactivation dynamics remains to be identified. To address these questions, we developed a mathematical model to correct for the progressive desynchronization of cells and estimate gene expression dynamics with respect to a cell-cycle pseudotime. Furthermore, we used a multiple linear regression model to infer transcription factor activity dynamics. Our analysis allows us to characterize waves of transcription factor activities exiting mitosis and predict a core gene regulatory network responsible of the transcription reactivation dynamics. Moreover, we identified more than 60 transcription factors that are highly active during mitosis and represent new candidates of mitotic bookmarking factors which could be relevant therapeutic targets to control cell proliferation.
Choice history effects in mice and humans improve reward harvesting efficiency
Authors: López-Yépez Junior Samuel , Martin Juliane , Hulme Oliver , Kvitsiani Duda
Published: October 2021

Choice history effects describe how future choices depend on the history of past choices. In experimental tasks this is typically framed as a bias because it often diminishes the experienced reward rates. However, in natural habitats, choices made in the past constrain choices that can be made in the future. For foraging animals, the probability of earning a reward in a given patch depends on the degree to which the animals have exploited the patch in the past. One problem with many experimental tasks that show choice history effects is that such tasks artificially decouple choice history from its consequences on reward availability over time. To circumvent this, we use a variable interval (VI) reward schedule that reinstates a more natural contingency between past choices and future reward availability. By examining the behavior of optimal agents in the VI task we discover that choice history effects observed in animals serve to maximize reward harvesting efficiency. We further distil the function of choice history effects by manipulating first- and second-order statistics of the environment. We find that choice history effects primarily reflect the growth rate of the reward probability of the unchosen option, whereas reward history effects primarily reflect environmental volatility. Based on observed choice history effects in animals, we develop a reinforcement learning model that explicitly incorporates choice history over multiple time scales into the decision process, and we assess its predictive adequacy in accounting for the associated behavior. We show that this new variant, known as the double trace model, has a higher performance in predicting choice data, and shows near optimal reward harvesting efficiency in simulated environments. These results suggests that choice history effects may be adaptive for natural contingencies between consumption and reward availability. This concept lends credence to a normative account of choice history effects that extends beyond its description as a bias.
Haplotype associated RNA expression (HARE) improves prediction of complex traits in maize
Authors: Giri Anju , Khaipho-Burch Merritt , Buckler Edward S. , Ramstein Guillaume P.
Published: October 2021

Genomic prediction typically relies on associations between single-site polymorphisms and traits of interest. This representation of genomic variability has been successful for predicting many complex traits. However, it usually cannot capture the combination of alleles in haplotypes and it has generated little insight about the biological function of polymorphisms. Here we present a novel and cost-effective method for imputing cis haplotype associated RNA expression (HARE), studied their transferability across tissues, and evaluated genomic prediction models within and across populations. HARE focuses on tightly linked cis acting causal variants in the immediate vicinity of the gene, while excluding trans effects from diffusion and metabolism. Therefore, HARE estimates were more transferrable across different tissues and populations compared to measured transcript expression. We also showed that HARE estimates captured one-third of the variation in gene expression. HARE estimates were used in genomic prediction models evaluated within and across two diverse maize panels–a diverse association panel (Goodman Association panel) and a large half-sib panel (Nested Association Mapping panel)–for predicting 26 complex traits. HARE resulted in up to 15% higher prediction accuracy than control approaches that preserved haplotype structure, suggesting that HARE carried functional information in addition to information about haplotype structure. The largest increase was observed when the model was trained in the Nested Association Mapping panel and tested in the Goodman Association panel. Additionally, HARE yielded higher within-population prediction accuracy as compared to measured expression values. The accuracy achieved by measured expression was variable across tissues, whereas accuracy by HARE was more stable across tissues. Therefore, imputing RNA expression of genes by haplotype is stable, cost-effective, and transferable across populations.
Spatial metabolomics identifies localized chemical changes in heart tissue during chronic cardiac Chagas Disease
Authors: Dean Danya A. , Gautham Gautham , Siqueira-Neto Jair L. , McKerrow James H. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , McCall Laura-Isobel
Published: October 2021

Chagas disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is one of nineteen neglected tropical diseases. CD is a vector-borne disease transmitted by triatomines, but CD can also be transmitted through blood transfusions, organ transplants, T. cruzi-contaminated food and drinks, and congenital transmission. While endemic to the Americas, T. cruzi infects 7–8 million people worldwide and can induce severe cardiac symptoms including apical aneurysms, thromboembolisms and arrhythmias during the chronic stage of CD. However, these cardiac clinical manifestations and CD pathogenesis are not fully understood. Using spatial metabolomics (chemical cartography), we sought to understand the localized impact of chronic CD on the cardiac metabolome of mice infected with two divergent T. cruzi strains. Our data showed chemical differences in localized cardiac regions upon chronic T. cruzi infection, indicating that parasite infection changes the host metabolome at specific sites in chronic CD. These sites were distinct from the sites of highest parasite burden. In addition, we identified acylcarnitines and glycerophosphocholines as discriminatory chemical families within each heart region, comparing infected and uninfected samples. Overall, our study indicated global and positional metabolic differences common to infection with different T. cruzi strains and identified select infection-modulated pathways. These results provide further insight into CD pathogenesis and demonstrate the advantage of a systematic spatial perspective to understand infectious disease tropism.
Cigarette smoking patterns among U.S. military service members before and after separation from the military
Authors: Nieh Chiping , Mancuso James D. , Powell Teresa M. , Welsh Marleen M. , Gackstetter Gary D. , Hooper Tomoko I.
Published: October 2021

U.S. military Service members have consistently smoked more than the general population and the prevalence of smoking is even higher among U.S. veterans. Our study examined cigarette smoking patterns among Service members before and after military separation to better understand the disproportionate rate of smoking among veterans. Data from the Millennium Cohort Study were used. All study participants were in the military at baseline and some transitioned from the military to civilian life during the observation period. We investigated any impact of military separation on smoking, as well as other potential risk factors for smoking. Overall, we observed higher smoking prevalence among veterans than Service members. Additionally, we found that Service members smoked more while approaching their separation from the military. Longitudinal analysis revealed military separation was not a risk factor for smoking, as we had hypothesized. Baseline smoking was the most influential predictor of current smoking status. Other significant factors included alcohol consumption, life stressors, and mental health conditions, among others. Military separation was not a risk factor for smoking. However, Service members in the process of transitioning out of the military, as well as high alcohol consumers and Service members with mental health conditions, may be at higher risk of smoking. Including smoking prevention/cessation programs in pre-separation counseling sessions and developing smoking screening and cessation programs targeting specific high-risk subgroups may reduce smoking among Service members and veterans.
When Covid-19 first struck: Analysis of the influence of structural characteristics of countries - technocracy is strengthened by open democracy
Authors: Rigby Michael J. , Zdunek Kinga , Pecoraro Fabrizio , Cellini Marco , Luzi Daniela
Published: October 2021

Context

The Covid-19 pandemic hit the developed world differentially due to accidental factors, and countries had to respond rapidly within existing resources, structures, and processes to manage totally new health challenges. This study aimed to identify which pre-existing structural factors facilitated better outcomes despite different starting points, as understanding of the relative impact of structural aspects should facilitate achieving optimal forward progress.

Methods

Desk study, based on selecting and collecting a range of measures for 48 representative characteristics of 42 countries’ demography, society, health system, and policy-making profiles, matched to three pandemic time points. Different analytic approaches were employed including correlation, multiple regression, and cluster analysis in order to seek triangulation.

Findings

Population structure (except country size), and volume and nature of health resources, had only minor links to Covid impact. Depth of social inequality, poverty, population age structure, and strength of preventive health measures unexpectedly had no moderating effect. Strongest measured influences were population current enrolment in tertiary education, and country leaders’ strength of seeking scientific evidence. The representativeness, and by interpretation the empathy, of government leadership also had positive effects.

Conclusion

Strength of therapeutic health system, and indeed of preventive health services, surprisingly had little correlation with impact of the pandemic in the first nine months measured in death- or case-rates. However, specific political system features, including proportional representation electoral systems, and absence of a strong single party majority, were consistent features of the most successful national responses, as was being of a small or moderate population size, and with tertiary education facilitated. It can be interpreted that the way a country was lead, and whether leadership sought evidence and shared the reasoning behind resultant policies, had notable effects. This has significant implications within health system development and in promoting the population’s health.
Optimization of running-in surface morphology parameters based on the AutoML model
Authors: Ge Guangyuan , Liu Fenfen , Zhang Gengpei
Published: October 2021

Running-in is an important and relatively complicated process. The surface morphology prior to running-in affects the surface morphology following the running-in process, which in turn influences the friction and wear characteristics of the workpiece. Therefore, the establishment of a model for running-in surface morphology prediction is important to investigate the process and optimize the surface design. Black-box models based on machine learning have robust complex object simulation performance. In this paper, five common machine learning methods are applied to establish running-in modeling performance based on surface morphology parameters. The support vector machine has the best model performance. The change law of the surface morphology parameters is obtained based on model testing, and the surface morphology optimization is explored. When better oil storage capacity is required, the recommendation is to increase the Sq, Sdq and Sk surface parameter values while setting medium Sdc and Sdr surface parameter values. When a lower coefficient of friction (COF) is required, Sdc and Sdr should be decreased, and Sq and Sdq should be increased. When better support performance is required, Sdc, Sdq, and Sdr should be increased. This article provides a solution to establish a link between surface design and functional performance in the steady wear stage, further filling the gap in quality monitoring of lifecycles.
On the effect of international human migration on nations’ abilities to attain CO2 emission-reduction targets
Authors: Morris Douglas W.
Published: October 2021

I merge publicly available data on CO2emissions, with patterns of human movement, to analyze the anticipated effects of human migration on the abilities of nations to attain 2030 UNFCCC CO2emission targets. I do so at both global (175 countries) and national (Canada and the USA) scales. The analyses reveal that mean per capita CO2emissions are nearly three times higher in countries with net immigration than in countries with net emigration. Those differences project a cumulative migration-induced annual increase in global emissions of approximately 1.7 billion tonnes. For Canada and the United States, the projected total emissions attributable to migration from 2021 to 2030 vary between 0.7 and 0.9 billion tonnes. Although staggering, the annual and total emissions represent a small fraction of current global emissions totalling 36 billion tonnes per annum. Even so, the projected decadal immigration of nearly 4 million humans to Canada, and 10 million to the USA, represent significant additional challenges in reducing CO2emissions. The challenges pale in comparison with poor nations that are minor contributors to climate change. Such nations face the incomprehensible burden of improving the quality of their citizens’ lives without increasing global CO2emissions. National and international strategies aimed at lowering emissions must thus acknowledge, and cooperatively address, consumptive inequities and expected increases in human population size and migration.
Evaluation of spatial spreading of phyto-available sulphur and micronutrients in cultivated coastal soils
Authors: Shukla A. K. , Behera S. K. , Tripathi R. , Prakash C. , Nayak A. K. , Kumar P. Suresh , Chitdeshwari T. , Kumar Dileep , Nayak R. K. , Babu P. Surendra , Katkar R. N. , Subbarayappa C. T. , Moharana K. C. , Patra A. K. , Srinivasarao Ch. , Chaudhari S. K. , Rao A. Subba , Singh A. K. , Das Soumitra
Published: October 2021

Understanding the spatial spreading patterns of plant-available sulphur (S) (AS) and plant-available micronutrients (available zinc (AZn), available iron (AFe), available copper (ACu), available manganese (AMn) and available boron (AB)) in soils, especially in coastal agricultural soils subjected to various natural and anthropogenic activities, is vital for sustainable crop production by adopting site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) strategies. We studied the spatial distribution patterns of AS, AZn, AFe, ACu, AMn, and AB in cultivated soils of coastal districts of India using geostatistical approaches. Altogether 39,097 soil samples from surface (0 to 15 cm depth) layers were gathered from farm lands of 68 coastal districts. The analysis of soil samples was carried out for soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC) and AS, AZn, AFe, ACu, AMn, and AB. Soil pH, EC and SOC varied from 3.70 to 9.90, 0.01 to 7.45 dS m-1 and 0.02 to 3.74%, respectively. The concentrations of AS, AZn, AFe, ACu, AMn, and AB varied widely in the study area with their corresponding mean values were 37.4±29.4, 1.50±1.53, 27.9±35.1, 2.14±1.74, 16.9±18.4 and 1.34±1.52 mg kg-1, respectively. The coefficient of variation values of analyzed soil parameters varied from 14.6 to 126%. The concentrations of AS, AZn, AFe, ACu, AMn, and AB were negatively and significantly correlated with soil pH and positively and significantly correlated with SOC. The geostatistical analysis indicated stable, Gaussian and exponential best-fit semivariogram models with moderate to strong spatial dependence for available nutrients. The generated spatial spreading maps revealed different distribution patterns for AS, AZn, AFe, ACu, AMn, and AB. There were variations in spatial spreading patterns of AS, AZn, AFe, ACu, AMn, and AB in east- and west-coastal area. About 62, 35, 12, 0.4, 23 and 45% of the study area had deficiency of AS, AZn, AFe, ACu, AMn, and AB, respectively. The spatial spreading maps will be highly useful for SSNM in the cultivated coastal soils of the country. This study could also be used as a base for assessing spatial spreading patterns of soil parameters in cultivated coastal areas of other parts of the world.
Association of prenatal sex steroid exposure estimated by the digit ratio (2D:4D) with birth weight, BMI and muscle strength in 6- to 13-year-old Polish children
Authors: Kobus Magdalena , Sitek Aneta , Rosset Iwona , Pruszkowska–Przybylska Paulina , Żądzińska Elżbieta
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The aim of this paper was to provide evidence for the impact of prenatal sex steroid exposure on prenatal and postnatal body size parameters, and muscle strength in children.

Methods

The following anthropometric data were studied in a group of 1148 children (536 boys and 612 girls) aged 6–13 years: the 2D:4D digit ratio, birth weight and length, and birth head and chest circumference. Postnatal parameters (6–13 years) included body weight and height, BMI, waist and hip circumference, WHR, as well as grip strength in both hands. All parameters that required it were adjusted for sex and gestational or chronological age. A general linear model, Pearson’s correlation, t-statistics and Cohen’s Δ were used in statistical analysis.

Results

Among birth size parameters, only birth weight was significantly negatively correlated with the 2D:4D digit ratio in children. Higher (feminized) digit ratios were significantly correlated with postnatal parameters such as body weight, BMI, and waist and hip circumference (positively), as well as hand grip strength–a proxy for muscular strength (negatively).

Conclusion

Problems with maintaining adequate body size parameters and muscle strength may be programmed in fetal life and predicted on the basis of the 2D:4D digit ratio. Body weight at birth and in early ontogenesis are additive correlates of the 2D:4D ratio. The present findings suggest that the 2D:4D digit ratio is related to postnatal phenotypes such as birth weight, overweight, and obesity as well as muscle strength in 6–13-year-old children of both sexes.
Modelling the impacts of climate change on thermal habitat suitability for shallow-water marine fish at a global scale
Authors: Lavender Edward , Fox Clive J. , Burrows Michael T.
Published: October 2021

Understanding and predicting the response of marine communities to climate change at large spatial scales, and distilling this information for policymakers, are prerequisites for ecosystem-based management. Changes in thermal habitat suitability across species’ distributions are especially concerning because of their implications for abundance, affecting species’ conservation, trophic interactions and fisheries. However, most predictive studies of the effects of climate change have tended to be sub-global in scale and focused on shifts in species’ range edges or commercially exploited species. Here, we develop a widely applicable methodology based on climate response curves to predict global-scale changes in thermal habitat suitability. We apply the approach across the distributions of 2,293 shallow-water fish species under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 by 2050–2100. We find a clear pattern of predicted declines in thermal habitat suitability in the tropics versus general increases at higher latitudes. The Indo-Pacific, the Caribbean and western Africa emerge as the areas of most concern, where high species richness and the strongest declines in thermal habitat suitability coincide. This reflects a pattern of consistently narrow thermal ranges, with most species in these regions already exposed to temperatures above inferred thermal optima. In contrast, in temperate regions, such as northern Europe, where most species live below thermal optima and thermal ranges are wider, positive changes in thermal habitat suitability suggest that these areas are likely to emerge as the greatest beneficiaries of climate change, despite strong predicted temperature increases.
Experiences of coping with the first wave of COVID-19 epidemic in Philadelphia, PA: Mixed methods analysis of a cross-sectional survey of worries and symptoms of mood disorders
Authors: Burstyn Igor , Huynh Tran B.
Published: October 2021

Our objective was to describe how residents of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, coped psychologically with the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. In a cross-sectional design, we aimed to estimate the rates and correlates of anxiety and depression, examine how specific worries correlated with general anxiety and depression, and synthesize themes of “the most difficult experiences” shared by the respondents. We collected data through an on-line survey in a convenience sample of 1,293 adult residents of Philadelphia, PA between April 17 and July 3, 2020, inquiring about symptoms of anxiety and depression (via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), specific worries, open-ended narratives of “the most difficult experiences” (coded into themes), demographics, perceived sources of support, and general health. Anxiety was evident among 30 to 40% of participants and depression—about 10%. Factor analysis revealed two distinct, yet inter-related clusters of specific worries related to mood disorders: concern about “hardships” and “fear of infection”. Regression analyses revealed that anxiety, depression, and fear of infection, but not concern about hardships, worsened over the course of the epidemic. “The most difficult experiences” characterized by loss of income, poor health of self or others, uncertainty, death of a relative or a friend, and struggle accessing food were each associated with some of the measures of worries and mood disorders. Respondents who believed they could rely on support of close personal network fared better psychologically than those who reported relying primarily on government and social services organizations. Thematic analysis revealed complex perceptions of the pandemic by the participants, giving clues to both positive and negative experiences that may have affected how they coped. Despite concerns about external validity, our observations are concordant with emerging evidence of psychological toll of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures employed to mitigate risk of infection.
Strategic Advertising Mechanisms: From Copy Strategy to Iconic Brands
Authors: Fernández Gómez Jorge David
Published: October 2021

Integrates the most important strategic advertising mechanisms developed throughout time: USP, brand image, positioning, Lovemarks. This is the first book to bring together the most consolidated methods by advertisers or advertising agencies (P&G, Bates, Ogilvy or Euro) in the history of modern advertising. Available in English for the first time.
‘Dear God, I am not a son of a bitch’: Justifications for patriarchal violence and the mischaracterization of Stephen King’s Jack Torrance
Authors: Stephens Tracy A.
Published: October 2021

Stephen King has criticized Stanley Kubrick’s adaptation of The Shining for its characterization of Jack Torrance as an unsympathetic monster rather than a well-intentioned man tragically destroyed by his addiction and anger. However, a re-examination of the novel and its sequel shows that King’s Jack Torrance is, no matter what King says, a dangerous patriarchal figure long before he enters the Overlook. The Shining and Doctor Sleep detail Jack’s wife and son’s co-dependent attachment to him, their wariness and fear of him, his long history of toxic behaviour and his deep capacity for self-deception that all help to expose a justifying narrative for patriarchal violence. However, King’s extratextual defences of Jack and the critical narrative that reaffirms his assessment of Jack’s moral character must be part of our analysis of The Shining’s critique of patriarchal ideology, as the contrast between those statements and the textual evidence reveal a desire to see Jack as sympathetic that makes King and the audience complicit in the same narrative of justification that the novel exposes.
‘It’ before It: Stephen King and the abhuman from Carrie to The Shining
Authors: Sederholm Carl H.
Published: October 2021

Although Stephen King’s most famous use of the pronoun ‘It’ comes from his 1986 novel It, he nevertheless uses ‘It’ in highly distinctive ways well before then. These uses of ‘It’ before It need to be discussed because they signify a complex transformation of human characters into monstrous creatures. Focusing on texts ranging from Carrie to The Shining, this article explores how King developed these distinctive ‘Its’ from a somewhat vague sense of unease or twisted desires into complex signifiers of the ways human characteristics can transform into monstrous actions. But King’s focus is never solely on the spectacle or the general horror of this transformation from human to monster. Instead, he explores the unsettling problem of the ways even the most positive human desires and actions can turn characters into ‘It’ creatures. Thus, the real tragedy of becoming an ‘It’, this article argues, comes from recognizing that these ‘It’ creatures are never just simple variations on a monstrous theme; instead, they represent the ways ordinary people can become monstrous as they lose themselves to their own alluring, but ultimately empty, actions.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Dynamic Panel Analysis of Energy Intensive Industries in Egypt
Authors: Al-Ayouty Iman , Hassaballa Hoda , El Hini Maha
Published: October 2021

Most energy intensive industries are high carbon dioxide (CO2) emitters. As CO2 emissions show large discrepancies between regions, it is important to test for spatial dependence when estimating emissions. The present study thus examines spatial dependence of CO2 emissions for the twenty-seven governorates of Egypt over the period 2007-2016. Determinants of CO2 emissions include road network density, investments in fixed assets, the structure of economic activity, the share of females, and the various levels of education in the regions’ respective population. Incorporating the spatial dimension, as well as using female and educational levels amongst the determinants, are contributions to research done on CO2 emissions in Egypt. Estimation results indicate that CO2 emissions across governorates are spatially-random rather than spatially-dependent. The study therefore uses a generalized method of moments (GMM) dynamic panel model. The lag of CO2 emissions per capita, net fixed capital formation, share of illiterates in the working age population, and the share of services in economic activity are significant and have positive effects (increasing emissions). The share of females in working age population, and the share of agriculture in economic activity are significant and have negative effects (diminishing emissions). Policy implications based on the study results are given.
Universality and Modern Individuality Civilization Paradigm in The Field of Human Rights: Dialogue vs Conflict
Authors: Karvatska Svitlana , Zamorska Lyubov , Chepel Olga , Gnatuyk Tetyana , Prodan Iryna
Published: October 2021

The article gives reason to say, that the key point of globalization in the field of human rights is the universalization of this area. The universalization of human rights is a key trend, but not the only, in their development. Human rights as universal moral principles specification are the rules on which peaceful coexistence of individuals and different cultures in terms of global problems is possible. Such an approach allows to solve the seemingly irreconcilable contradiction between the positions of the universalism of human rights and cultural identity pluralism: the right to cultural identity is a significant individual right. There should be a critical approach to the thesis of the insurmountable fundamentality of cultural differences between Eastern and Western cultures. It is necessary to distinguish between situations of imposing Western standards on other cultures and the real importance and universality of human rights for the modern world. Cultural diversity should never be used as an excuse for chauvinistic nationalism. It is intercultural dialogues that should facilitate fruitful exchanges of ideas on human rights issues in the perspective of cultural diversity and become the basis for the formation of a dialogical civilization. Contemporary human rights discourse has to take place in the context of a global world order emergence through the juxtaposition of concepts such as universality, cultural diversity and cultural dialogue.
Entrepreneurship Education Inside the Japanese Biosphere Reserve to Trigger Work Opportunities for Youth
Authors: Mammadova Aida
Published: October 2021

Entrepreneurship education is defined as the process of providing students with an enhanced capacity to create the ideas and the skills which will be applicable for the future career. From 2018-2019, for four semesters, we have created the regional activities to create the capacity building training program for the exchange students, inside the UNESCO Mount Hakusan Biosphere Reserve  (BR) of Japan. Our purpose was to encourage the students to create their own “eco-business projects”, and not to search for the jobs provided from the outside.  More than 140 students have attended the course, which was divided into volunteering practices, homestay activities and hands-on practices. After the course completion more than 86% of the students have indicated the willingness to create their own business and some of the students after course completion started their small businesses and worked as freelancers. BR provided the unique platform to conduct the entrepreneurship education, and interacting with local villagers helped the students to re-evaluate the values needed for the sustainable development.
Competitiveness as the Basis of EU Regional Policy: Smart Specialization and Sustainability
Authors: Palinchak Mykola , Tsalan Myroslava , Brenzovych Kateryna , Kucher Anatolii , Kajánek Tomáš , Grešš Martin
Published: October 2021

Nowadays in the globalization era countries are forced to pay considerable attention to the integration aspects of development, regionalization processes ensuring their own competitiveness in order to enhance the competitive position in the market, which increases the scientific interest in the study of these issues. The purpose of the article is to consider competitiveness as the basis of EU regional policy and to determine the possibilities of applying such experience in Ukraine. A number of scientific research methods have been used: the method of deduction and induction, analysis, synthesis and comparison, a graphic method. Globalization contributes to the creation of new conditions of the world economic development, which forces economic actors to reconsider their role in the economy. Competitiveness provides them with a reliable competitive positions today and in the future. The high competitiveness of the region testifies to the effective organization and optimization of economic processes. EU regional policy takes into account that the competitiveness of the region is formed in the conditions of competitive relations at the national and international levels. The EU regional policy experience can be implemented in the Ukrainian regional policy. The competitiveness of the region allows to respond in time to market changes. EU regional policy takes this into account, so the category of regional competitiveness is paid much attention on as confirmed by the RCI calculation. The possibilities of increasing the competitiveness and sustainability of regions through the development of smart specialization and implementation of smart projects are outlined. The advantages of implementing European experience in the development of competitiveness of regions on the basis of smart specialization in Ukraine are proved.
The Recent Evolution of Global Tourism: Study Case - Switzerland
Authors: Gole Iulian , Ladaru Raluca Georgiana , Radulescu Carmen Valentina , Platagea Gombos Svetlana
Published: October 2021

Among other negative economic and health outcomes, the global tourism industry is one of the most affected areas by the recent pandemic. A recent estimation shows that USD 1.3 trillion were lost in revenues, in 2020 only – which represents more than 11 times the loss suffered during the 2009 global economic crisis. It is by far the most the worst year in tourism history. As a direct consequence, many jobs are at risk, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises, in countries where tourism is the main economic component, the situation is quite dramatic. In this paper, we will analyse what happened in world large regions in the sector, what the perspectives to recovery are, and what are the rebound expectations and consumer confidence. We will also investigate the specificity of the tourism situation in Switzerland, where since the beginnings of the pandemic, the big cities and tourist locations have suffered greatly from the absence of foreign tourists. The cities close to the airports showed the strongest decreases in attendance. In contrast, those which are traditionally very touristy were only slightly affected by the decline in the number of foreign visitors.
Data Structures in Leelus Programming Language: A Research
Authors: Appiah Frank
Published: October 2021

This is a research on data structures using pointer declaration for array dimensional type of representation in variable declaration. In this research, I will describe type array, term array and value array drawn from both data structure and type system.
Adoption of machine learning for medical diagnosis
Authors: Shaheen Mohammed Yousef
Published: October 2021

The healthcare industry has historically been an early adopter of technology advancements and has reaped significant benefits. Machine learning (an artificial intelligence subset) is being used in a variety of health-related fields, including the invention of new medical treatments, the management of patient data and records, and the treatment of chronic diseases. One of the most important uses of machine learning in healthcare is the detection and diagnosis of diseases and conditions that are otherwise difficult to identify. This can range from tumors that are difficult to detect in their early stages to other hereditary illnesses. This research identifies and discusses the various usages of machine learning in medical diagnosis.
AI in Healthcare: medical and socio-economic benefits and challenges
Authors: Shaheen Mohammed Yousef
Published: October 2021

The objective of this research was to investigate benefits and challenges of AI in healthcare. We divided the benefits into two subcategories: benefits related to the medical domain, and the benefits related to economic and social lives domain. The findings are: 1) Smart data inclusion contributes significantly and help to improve decision-making quality. 2) Surgical robots have improved the precision and predictability of the surgery. 3) Intraoperative guidance via video pictures and communication systems has proven to be beneficial, particularly in situations when there is a poor access to clinics, travel limitations, or pandemic. The major challenges are: 1) the data reflects sometimes inherent biases and disparities in the healthcare system. 2) The demand for huge datasets incentivizes developers to acquire data from a large number of patients. Some patients may be worried that this data collection would infringe on their confidentiality. 3) AI systems may occasionally be incorrect, resulting in patient damage or other health-care issues. It is not assumed that a new technology will always be good; it has the potential to be detrimental. There are some improvements that benefit and there are some challenges that may harm, and these challenges must be responded by future research.