bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Training on the Application of ANC 10 T on Midwife Knowledge to Prevent Maternal Death in Dairi Regency of North Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Sitorus Samsider , Rianti Emy , Purba Juliani
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION: Antenatal Care (ANC) data collected at Matlab Thana and shows that the maternal mortality rate for mothers aged 15 – 19 years is 7.4 per 1000 live births while for mothers aged 20 – 24 it is 3.8 to 1000 live births. For mothers under the age of 15, 17, 7. This ratio was then cited in the 1989 WHO volume compilation of age-specific maternal mortality data from 40 countries over approximately the same period as the Bangladesh study suggesting a much more moderate risk of excess for young mothers, but most of them were ignored in the scientific literature. Rizki Dewi et al’s 2017 research-led most midwives (69.7%) 10T standard in good integrated antenatal service. The purpose of the research to know the knowledge of midwives in the application of antenatal care to prevent maternal death in Dairi Regency of North Sumatra.

METHODS: Design research was quantitative research with a quantitative design experiment. Models used, observed/measured changes. Bivariate Analysis, to analyze the influence between independent variables (each dimension) and dependent variables with different tests (t-tests).

RESEARCH RESULTS: Midwife knowledge increased after ANC implementation training. Knowledge Before an ANC 10 T application training, value p = 0.731 This means that there was no difference in knowledge, control before (pre-test) training implementation of ANC 10 T. The average knowledge difference between the pre-test and post-test is 0.067 with a value of p = 0.058 The difference between the case group and the control group before and after the training of an ANC 10 T implementation with a value of p = 0.000, p-value (0.000) < 0.05 then it can be concluded that the training of the implementation of ANC 10 T effectively improves midwife knowledge in Dairi Regency of Sumatra Province.

CONCLUSION: Midwife knowledge increased after an ANC implementation training in the Dairi regency of North Sumatra. Advice that training was very effective to improve the knowledge of midwives in the application of ANC in Dairi district of North Sumatra. 
Contemporary laser techniques, general application in heritology and case of building in 7 Balkanska street, Belgrade
Authors: Srećković Milesa , Polić Suzana , Ivković Milivoje , Karastojković Zoran , Vinić Milica , Kovačević Aleksander , Bojanić Slobodan
Published: February 2021

It seems that the role of lasers in heritology and art has grown more and more since the end of the 20h century; the early attempts of cleaning artistic objects, old monuments / artifacts during the times of Hedy Lamarr and the first unsuccessful nuclear tests as well as of thinking of holographic records. After the first series of circumstances linked to laser applications in restoration and conservation, it seems the coupling of words serendipity-zemblanity-bahramdipity has been activated. A long time has passed since the first works linked to the Porta della carte of the Palazzo Ducale (Doge's Palace) in Venice (marble relief and ruby laser). Nowadays, this type of work can be treated as standardized and it is implemented in great number of countries [1, 2]. In the case of Florence Cathedral, the conservation of artworks was proposed by J. F. Fonatello, panels of the Giotto's tower of the Florence Cathedral by Andrea Pisano. The unique roles of quantum generators - lasers - exist both in restoration and diagnostics. Besides that, the question of source existence - a source that provides completely new artistic impression with respect to its ideal characteristic of coherency - introduced new tools and techniques and could be (and was) implemented in many new processes and effects. New artistic directions were performed, where the source of the coherence became a part of a new artistic object, a hologram slide provokes the impression of the train entering the crowd, etc. [1-5] the laser role by using LIBS method in diagnostics in the case of the building in 7 Balkanska street, Belgrade, was presented in this paper.
Electrochemical behavior for corrosion protection of mild steel (MS) in 1M HCl medium by using lidocaine drug as an inhibitor
Authors: Adel Ali , Abd El-Aziz , Amal Tilp
Published: February 2021

The impact of Lidocaine as a save corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 1M HCl by using weight loss (WL), Hydrogen evaluation (HE), open circuit potential (EO C P), potentiodynamic polarization (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques has been investigated. Weight loss studied at various temperatures between (25-45oC) but Hydrogen evaluation and electrochemical studies at room temperature. The effect of temperature on the inhibition of corrosion has been studied and the thermodynamic activation and adsorption parameters were calculated. The morphology of MS was examined by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) technology and atomic force microscopy (AFM). EIS data indicate that in the presence of drug the double layer capacitance was decreased and the charge transfer resistance increased. The adsorption of the Lidocaine on MS surface was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm and elucidate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. The Lidocaine drug acts as mixed type inhibitor. All surface examination confirms the formation thin film covered the surface of the metal and prevent the surface of the metal from corrosion.
Corrosion of the stainless steel 316Ti in 10% hydrochloric and sulfuric acid
Authors: Grgur Branimir
Published: February 2021

The corrosion of the austenitic stainless steel 316Ti is investigated in 10% hydrochloric and 10% sulfuric acid, by the means of linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization, and weight loss measurements. It is concluded that 316Ti is unstable in 10% hydrochloric acid and passive in 10% sulfuric acid solution.
Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Prevention and Monitoring Strategies According With Risk Factors
Authors: Giuffrida Enrica , Mangia Michela , Lavagna Alessandro , Morello Enrico , Cosimato Maurizio , Rocca Rodolfo , Daperno Marco
Published: February 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is slightly increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, with roughly a 2.5-fold increase compared to the general population. Clinical features associated to CRC risks are extent and severity of colonic involvement, disease duration, concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and/or familial history of CRC in first-degree relatives. Colonic Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) share similar risks when similar colonic extent is affected. Risk stratification affects outcomes and surveillance programs.Newer endoscopic techniques substantially ameliorated diagnostic performance of endoscopy, and nowadays the standard for CRC surveillance in IBD patients is high-definition endoscopy, with dye-spray or virtual colonoscopy, oriented at targeted (+ random) colonic biopsies.Visible dysplastic lesions should be considered for endoscopic resection, while invisible dysplasia is still a mandatory proctocolectomy indication.Newer endoscopic interventional techniques (endoscopic mucosa resection, EMR, and endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD) are appropriate therapeutic techniques to be delivered, but long-term risks of cancer should be balanced towards proctocolectomy.
Isolement de la synthetase des acides gras a partir de microsomes de foies de rats
Authors: Rous S. , Aubry L.
Published: July 2002

Some rat liver fatty acid synthetase has been isolated from microsomal fraction. Enzyme activity and electro micrography of purified enzyme show that the microsomal enzyme was the same as that of the supernatant. These results are discussed in relation to the role of microsomes in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids synthesis in the cell.
The recognition of a soluble cytochrome P450 in rat liver
Authors: Hasegawa Tohru
Published: July 2002

The presence of hepatic soluble cytochrome P450 was investigated in the rats that were pretreated with CCl4, CS2 and DENA + PCBs. The dithionite‐reduced CO difference spectrum of the hepatic 204000 × g supernatant of these rats showed its maximum at 455 nm. Aniline and hexobarbital could react with the hepatic 204000 × g supernatant to give the substrate binding spectra of P450; differences were observed between the substrate‐induced difference spectra of the 204000 × g supernatant and that of the microsomal fraction. These results indicate the existence of a hepatic soluble P450.
Separation and chemical differentiation of α and β subunits in yeast phosphofructokinase
Authors: Tijane M'hammed N. , Chaffotte Alain F. , Yon Jeannine M. , Laurent Michel
Published: July 2002

The two types of subunits α and β constitutive of yeast phosphofructokinase have been separated by ion‐exchange chromatography under denaturating conditions. Amino acid analysis and peptide mapping were performed on the isolated subunits. The frequence of most of the amino acids significantly differs between the two types of polypeptide chains. Moreover, tryptic peptide maps of α and β subunits are clearly not superimposable. These chemical differences seem sufficient to account for the distinct catalytic and regulatory functions of β and α subunits in the yeast phosphofructokinase reaction.
Use of a rapid DNA sequencing system to demonstrate the induction of frameshift mutations by bleomycin
Authors: Demopoulos N. , Wayne Davies R. , Scazzocchio C.
Published: July 2002

The rapid DNA sequencing system based on the single‐stranded bacteriophage M13 and the chain‐terminator method has been used to look directly for mutational alterations. A small DNA fragment that primes DNA synthesis through the N‐terminal 200 base pairs of the β‐galactosidase gene was prepared, and used to detect changes in base sequence among phages that give white plaques after treatment of the host cells with bleomycin. Bleomycin treatment of E. coli in which M13 mp2 was growing gave an increase in white plaque frequency. DNA sequence analysis of phage from 7 independent mutant plaques showed them all to have a frameshift mutation.
The possible roles of the myosin heads
Authors: Morel Jean E. , Garrigos Manuel
Published: July 2002

It is suggested that, in the conditions which exist in vivo, one head of a myosin molecule interacts with another head of the opposite molecule, inside the backbone of the thick filament. The other head lies outside and can interact with actin. This model is based on the fact that a dimer of the myosin heads exists and that there is a close correlation between the properties of the dimer and those of the thick filament diameter. In natural filaments, there are myosin molecules in excess and it is suggested that these molecules have their two heads outside the backbone.
Functional bacterial photoreaction centres with only one type of protein
Authors: Giménez-Gallego Guillermo , Suanzes Pilar , Ramírez Juan M.
Published: July 2002

A preparation of purified Rhodospirillum rubrum photoreaction centres was subjected to dialysis under mild denaturing conditions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the resulting prepartation contained only one peptidic constituent, apparently the lighter one. The dialyzed centres retained the characteristic absorption spectrum in the visible—near infrared range and actinic light elicited the spectral changes which reflect primary change separation. Thus, it seems that the light protein of the photoreaction centre contains all the binding sites for the primary reactants of bacterial photosynthesis.
Affinity chromatography of Vicia graminea (blood group N) lectin using concanavalin A—Sepharose
Authors: Prigent M.J. , Lombart C. , Asseraf A.
Published: July 2002

The lectin extracted from Vicia graminea seeds has been purified by conventional techniques but such procedures did not give a satisfactory yield. We describe a new purification which involves 3 steps after obtention of the crude extract. The first step is based on affinity chromatography on con A—Sepharose. Further purification steps were performed on DEAE‐Sephacel chromatography and ultrogel AcA44 gel filtration. The homogeneity of the lectin was demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purification of the lectin by this new method was less time consuming, the yield was higher and the specific activity increased.
Identification of two forms of myosin light chain kinase in turkey gizzard
Authors: Walsh Michael P. , Hinkins Susan , Muguruma Michio , Hartshorne David J.
Published: July 2002

Two forms of myosin light chain kinase from turkey gizzard are separable by ion‐exchange chromatography. One is the well‐characterized 13 000 M
r enzyme. Purification of the second form by affinity chromatography on calmodulin‐Sepharose showed it to consist of two polypeptide chains of M
r 136 000 and 141 000. This form of the enzyme required Ca2+ and calmodulin for activity, was specific for the M
r 20 000 light chain of myosin, and appeared to phosphorylate the same site on the light chain as the M
r 130 000 enzyme. The low‐M
r gizzard kinase may be a proteolytic fragment of a higher‐M
r species or these may represent different isoenzymes.
Kinetic properties of cobalt—iron hybrid hemoglobins
Authors: Oertle Maja , Winterhalter Kaspar H. , Di Iorio Ernesto E.
Published: July 2002

The replacement of O2 with CO was studied on cobalt—iron hemoglobin hybrids. Both proto‐ and meso‐cobalt hemes were used for the reconstitution. In the oxy quaternary conformation no difference is observed between α‐ and β‐subunits when only proto hemes are present in the hybrid (k
4 = 30 s−1, k′
4/l′
4 = 2.5). If Co‐meso heme is present on the β‐chains the binding properties of the partner subunit are modified (k′
4/l′
4 = 4).
Nucleotide sequence of 5 S rRNA from gonads of a Japanese ascidian, Holocynthia roretzi
Authors: Kumazaki Tsutomu , Hori Hiroshi , Osawa Syozo
Published: July 2002

The nucleotide sequence of 5 S rRNA from gonads of an ascidian Holocynthia roretzi has been determined. The sequence is almost equally related to those of vertebrates and most of the multicellular animal groups. The secondary structure of this 5 S rRNA fits in with the general structural model for multicellular 5 S rRNA.
The effect of glutathione on HL‐60 treated with dimethylsulfoxide, butyric acid or 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate
Authors: Zucker Robert M. , Whittington Karen B. , Decal Diego L.
Published: July 2002

HL‐60 promyelocytic leukemic cells can be induced to differentiate into granulocytes or macrophages. Reduced glutathione lyses undifferentiated HL‐60 cells but has minimal effect on their differentiated counterparts. The addition of reduced glutathione to HL‐60 promyelocytic leukemic cells retards cell growth and lyses cells. HL‐60 cells can be induced to differentiate into granulocytes with dimethylsulfoxide butyric acid or into macrophages with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate. After treatment of HL‐60 cells with these inducing agents the HL‐60 cells become unresponsive to the effects of glutathione.
Calcium inhibition of a heat‐stable cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from Neurospora crassa
Authors: Shaw Nicholas M. , Harding Roy W.
Published: July 2002

Neurospora crassa had a heat‐stable (up to 95°C), soluble cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE). Both unheated and heat‐stable PDE activities were inhibited by micromolar concentrations of Ca2+. This inhibition was reversed by EGTA or EDTA in molar excess of the Ca2+ concentration. Calmodulin was not involved in the Ca2+ inhibition, nor was Ca2+ inhibition of the heat‐stable PDE due to cleavage inactivation of the enzyme by a Ca2+‐stimulated protease. In addition to Ca2+, several other cations inhibited the activity of the heat‐stable enzyme. Cyclic AMP and cGMP, but not 2′3′ cAMP were substrates for both unheated and heat‐stable PDEs. This is the first report of a PDE which is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of Ca2+.
The effect of a ribonuclease inhibitor from human placenta on the in vitro synthesis of human placental proteins
Authors: Hiranyavasit W. , Kusamran T.
Published: July 2002

Addition of a ribonuclease inhibitor (10 μg/ml) from human placenta caused 2–3 fold increase of [3H]leucine incorporation in the wheat germ extract as directed by human placental poly (A)‐mRNA. Analysis of the translated products by sodiumdodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/fluorography revealed that the inhibitor preferentially increased the yields of the larger proteins, particularly those of larger than M
r 40 000. In the presence of the inhibitor, yields of two placental proteins (human placental lactogen and human chorionic gonadotropin) were increased about 70–80% as detected by immunoprecipitation with specific homologous antisera. The method provided an improvement of translation system for studying biosynthesis of other human placental proteins.
[2,3‐3H]Propylhydroxylamine inhibits ATP synthesis of TF1Fo liposomes in proton jump experiments
Authors: Skrzipczyk Heinz Jürgen , Küchler Bernd , Bäuerlein Edmund
Published: July 2002

ATP synthesis of TF1·Fo liposomes in proton‐jump experiments was inhibited by N‐[2,3‐3H]propylhydroxylamine. High radioactivity was shown by SDS‐PAGE to be incorporated into the proteolipid. The activation of one of its carboxyl groups, which was apparently trapped by the hydroxylamine derivative, may proceed by the protonation of an undissociated carboxyl group as part of the proton translocation. If ADP was omitted, no trapping reaction occurred. Thus binding of ADP to TF1 appeared to be necessary for such an activation of a carboxyl group.
Dephosphorylation and reactivation of phosphorylated purified ox‐kidney branched‐chain dehydrogenase complex by co‐purified phosphatase
Authors: Fatania Hasmukh R. , Patston Philip A. , Randle Philip J.
Published: July 2002

The branched‐chain 2 oxoacid dehydrogenase complex has been purified from well‐washed ox‐kidney mitochondria together with branched‐chain dehydrogenase kinase. The complex was inactivated and phosphorylated by ATP in about 5 min at 30°C. After hydrolysis of ATP by a contaminating ATPase (5–10 min) the complex was dephosphorylated and reactivated. Dephosphorylation and reactivation were linearly correlated. Reactivation was dependent upon Mg2+ (K
0.5 > 1 mM) and inhibited completely by 50 mM fluoride. Reactivation and dephosphorylation are attributed to a mitochondrial branched‐chain dehydrogenase phosphatase.
The strong hydrophobic domain of the activated estrogen receptor of porcine uterus
Authors: Murayama Akira , Fukai Fumio
Published: July 2002

Basic estrogen receptor (ER) molecule (vero‐ER) of porcine uterus, which was previously shown to be the activated ER necessary to translocate from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, possesses a strongly hydrophobic nature. The strong hydrophobicity of vero‐ER was concealed through binding with ER‐binding factors (ERBFs). Vero‐ER lost its strong hydrophobicity and its capability to bind with ERBFs after limited proteolysis by endogenous protease. The strong hydrophobic domain of vero‐ER, indispensable for the nuclear translocation, was assumed to be located near the binding site with ERBFs.
Redox potential of the cytochrome c in the flavocytochrome p‐cresol methylhydroxylase
Authors: Hopper David J.
Published: July 2002

The redox potential of the cytochrome c in 5 flavocytochrome c proteins, all p‐cresol methylhydroxylases purified from species of Pseudomonas, was measured. All gave similar values ranging from 226–250 mV. Two of the enzymes, from Pseudomonas putida NC1B 9866 and NC1B 9869, were resolved into their flavoprotein and cytochrome subunits and the redox potentials of the isolated cytochrome c subunits measured. The values for these were 60–70 mV below those for the whole enzymes but, in both cases, reconstitution of active enzyme by addition of the flavoprotein subunit restored the original potential.
Evidence that the multifunctional polypeptides of vertebrate and fungal fatty acid synthases have arisen by independent gene fusion events
Authors: McCarthy Alun D. , Dean Goldring J.P. , Grahame Hardie D.
Published: July 2002

The enoyl reductase (NADPH binding site) of rabbit mammary fatty acid synthase has been radioactively labelled using pyridoxal phosphate and sodium [3H]borohydride. Using this method we have been able to add this site to the four sites whose location has already been mapped within the multifunctional polypeptide chain of the protein. The results show that the enoyl reductase lies between the 3‐oxoacylsynthase and the acyl carrier. This confirms that the active sites occur in a different order on the single multifunctional polypeptide of vertebrate fatty acid synthase and the two multifunctional polypeptides of fungal fatty acid synthase, and suggests that these two systems have arisen by independent gene fusion events.
Non‐uniform distribution of phospholipids in (Na+ + K+‐ATPase‐rich membranes from Torpedo marmorata electric organ evidenced by spin—spin interactions between spin‐labeled phospholipids
Authors: Zachowski Alain , Devaux Philippe F.
Published: July 2002

(Na+ + K+)‐ATPase membranes from Torpedo marmorata electric organ were labeled with high concentrations of paramagnetic phospholipid analogs (up to 5 mol of spin labels for 100 mol of endogeneous phospholipids). The mobile lipid bilayer component of the complex resonance spectra obtained showed low‐field linewidth broadening due to spin—spin interactions; this was used as a measure of probe concentration in this compartment. Our results show that in the lipid shell surrounding the protein, there is a considerable enrichment in negatively charged phospholipids over neutral ones.
The position of polypeptide G on the encephalomyocarditis virus polyprotein cleavage map
Authors: Kazachkov Yu.A. , Svitkin Yu.V. , Agol V.I.
Published: July 2002

The two‐dimensional mapping of tryptic peptides of encephalomyocarditis virus‐specific proteins has demonstrated that the amino acid sequence of non‐structural polypeptide G constitutes a portion of the molecule of a precursor of capsid proteins, polypeptide A. The results of pulse‐chase in vitro translation experiments strongly suggest that polypeptide G corresponds to a C‐terminal moiety of polypeptide A. Variations in the polyprotein cleavage maps of different picornaviruses are briefly discussed.
Non‐random distribution of the TY1 elements within nuclear DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Øyen Tordis Beate , Gabrielsen Odd Stokke
Published: July 2002

Ty1 homologous sequences appear to be non‐randomly distributed among different density classes of nuclear yeast DNA. Characteristic patterns of Ty1 containing EcoRI fragments can be generated from the various DNA fractions. The sequences are particularly enriched in the A + T rich part of the main nuclear DNA fraction, while the frequency in the rDNA containing heavy satellite DNA is low. The transposon however, seems to be present in this dense fraction, at least for some strains.
A new site‐specific endodeoxyribonuclease from Citrobacter freundii
Authors: Janulaitis A. , Stakenas P. , Berlin Yu.A.
Published: July 2002

Cfr10 I, a site‐specific endonuclease from Citrobacter freundii strain RFL 10, was isolated. It recognizes and cleaves the family of related sequences: 5'Pu↓CCGGPy to generate DNA fragments with 5' tetranucleotide extensions. Cfr10 I may be useful in molecular cloning experiments, especially in conjunction with other enzymes which generate the same terminal extensions.
Cell free translation of chicken calcitonin messenger RNA
Authors: Lasmoles F. , Desplan C. , Segond N. , Jullienne A. , Treilhou-Lahille F. , Milhaud G. , Moukhtar M.S.
Published: July 2002

The primary step of calcitonin biosynthesis was studied in a normal organ: chicken ultimobranchial gland, a tissue particularly rich in calcitonin secretory cells. Poly(A)‐rich RNA was extracted and purified from ultimobranchial organs and translated in a reticulocyte lysate in the presence of labelled methionine. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of specific immunoprecipitates revealed a major band of M
r 14 500 and a band of M
r 13 300. Thus, in chicken the precursor of calcitonin is a M
r 14500 polypeptide. The minor component of M
r 13 300 could represent limited processing by the reticulocyte lysate.
Intranucleosomal localization of the AP endodeoxyribonuclease of rat liver chromatin
Authors: Bricteux-Grégoire Suzanne , Verly Walter G.
Published: July 2002

The chromatin AP endodeoxyribonuclease of rat liver cells is located in the cores as well as in the linkers of the nucleosomes.
Electrofusion of myeloma cells on the single cell level
Authors: Vienken J. , Zimmermann U. , Fouchard M. , Zagury D.
Published: July 2002

A technique is presented which allows electrofusion of single cells under sterile conditions. The electrofusion chamber is placed in a Petri dish. Before a droplet of the fusion medium is pipetted between the electrodes, the chamber is completely covered with vaseline, which prevents the fusion medium evaporating. Additionally, the fusion chamber is treated with solutions containing poly(L)‐lysine and pronase which results in a decreased movement of the cells on the glass between the electrodes and which allows electrofusion without any proteolytic pretreatment.
The fluorescence response of chlortetracycline‐loaded human neutrophils is modulated by prostaglandin E1, but not by cyclic nucleotides
Authors: Smolen James E.
Published: July 2002

Human neutrophils preloaded with chlortetracycline, commonly used as a probe of membrane‐bound calcium, demonstrate a prompt decrease in fluorescence when exposed to surface stimuli such as the chemotactic peptide fMet—Leu—Phe. The fluorescence response was highly sensitive to preincubation with prostaglandin E1. This effect was apparently not due to elevated levels of cAMP since exogenous dibutyryl‐cAMP did not alter the chlortetracycline fluorescence response to fMet—Leu—Phe. This is one of the few instances of prostaglandin E1 affecting neutrophils at physiologic concentrations, dissociated from changes in cellular cyclic nucleotide levels
Structural homologies between the amino acid sequence of Clostridium pasteurianum MoFe protein and the DNA sequences of nifD and K genes of phylogenetically diverse bacteria
Authors: Hase Toshiharu , Wakabayashi Sadao , Nakano Tohru , Zumft Walter G. , Matsubara Hiroshi
Published: July 2002

The complete amino acid sequence of the larger (α‐) subunit and about 70% of the total sequence of the smaller (β‐) subunit of the MoFe protein from Clostridium pasteurianum was determined by analyses of peptides derived from BrCN cleavage and by digestions with trypsin, staphylococcal protease and lysylendo‐peptidase of the separated subunits. The α‐subunit has 529 amino acid residues, giving an M
r value of 58 774. This is the first complete sequence for the α‐subunit of an isolated MoFe protein. In comparing the sequences of both subunits to those from other sources, 5 out of 9 cysteines in the α‐subunit and 3 out of 6 in the β‐subunit are invariant, thus suggesting a function as ligands to FeS and MoFeS clusters in the MoFe protein. All of these cysteines are located in the amino terminal halves of both subunits.
Biphasic effect of fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate on the liver fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase: mechanistic and physiological implications
Authors: Corredor Carlos , Boscá Lisardo , Sols Alberto
Published: July 2002

Fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate has been claimed to be both a substrate analogue and an allosteric inhibitor of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase. The results reported here show that fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate can be both an inhibitor and an activator of the enzyme, depending on the substrate concentration. This biphasic behaviour at saturating concentrations of substrate can only be due to an allosteric effect. In addition to the mechanistic implication it is possible that this finding may have physiological meaning.
The effect of iron on ferritin turnover in rat liver
Authors: Treffry Amyra , Lee Pamela J. , Harrison Pauline M.
Published: July 2002

It has previously been reported that in rat liver the rates of synthesis and degradation of ferritin labelled with [4C]leucine or arginine are dependent on the iron status of the rats. It has also been concluded that isoferritins differ markedly in their rates of turnover. Here we provide experimental evidence which shows that the rate of degradation of rat liver ferritin (labelled by injection of [4C]bicarbonate to minimise problems of reutilisation) is unaltered by repeated iron injection, although ferritin synthesis is stimulated. Our data also strongly suggest that the proposed differential degradation of isoferritins is improbable.
Investigation of the role of the substrate metal ion in the yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase reaction
Authors: Ting Su-Jen , Dunaway-Mariano Debra
Published: July 2002

The substrate activities of a series of tripositive metal ion‐pyrophosphate complexes with yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase were examined. While the Michaelis constants for these complexes were shown to be between one and two orders of magnitude greater than that of the natural substrate, [Mg(H2O)4PPi]2−, the turnover numbers were in general comparable to that of [Mg(H2O)4PPi]2−. These data suggest that the nature of the metal ion cofactor effects substrate binding but in most cases not catalysis. Thus, the role of the metal ion in catalysis is probably restricted to that of an electron sink.
Stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity by high osmotic pressure on cholesterol‐containing phospholipid vesicles
Authors: Okimasu Eiji , Sasaki Junzo , Utsumi Kozo
Published: July 2002

The hydrolytic action of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on cholesterol‐containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes was studied under various osmotic conditions by means of the phase transition release (PTR) technique. A reduced rate in the release of carboxyfluorescence (CF) from the cholesterol‐containing liposomes was observed with treatment by PLA2 concomitant with the decrease in its enzymatic activity. However, the reduced PLA2 activity was elevated about 5‐fold in medium of high osmotic pressure. This evidence suggests that high osmotic pressure might be responsible for the molecular packing at the bilayer surface or the high curvature of liposomal membrane structure.
Human and porcine immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptides (IR‐GIP) are not identical
Authors: Bacarese-Hamilton A.J. , Adrian T.E. , Bloom S.R.
Published: July 2002

Immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR‐GIP) from human and porcine intestine was quantified by radioimmunoassay and the molecular forms characterised by gel permeation and reverse‐phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gel filtration revealed two major immunoreactive peaks corresponding to the previously described 5‐kDa and 8‐kDa molecular forms, which appeared similar in both species. Isocratic reverse‐phase HPLC revealed that the major immunoreactive GIP peak (5‐kDa) in the human tissue eluted earlier than the corresponding porcine molecular form, indicating the latter to be less hydrophobic. These findings suggest significant species differences between human and porcine GIP.
Anion transport in red blood cells and arginine‐specific reagents
Authors: Zaki Laila
Published: July 2002

The reaction of phenylglyoxal, a reagent specific for arginine residues, with erythrocyte membrane at pH 7.4 results in complete inhibition of sulfate equilibrium exchange across human red cells. The inactivation was found to be concentration and time depenent. The binding sites of this reagent in the anion transport protein (band 3) under these conditions were determined by using [14C]phenylglyoxal. The rate of incorporation of the radioactivity into band 3 gave a good correlation with the rate of inactivation. Under conditions where the transport is completely inhibited about 6 mol [14C]phenylglyoxal are incorporated into 1 mol band 3. Treating the [14C]phenylglyoxalated ghosts at different degrees of inactivation with extracellular chymotrypsin showed that about two‐thirds of these binding sites are located on the 60 kDa fragment.
Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro is stimulated by RNA from uninfected HeLa cells
Authors: van der Vliet P.C. , van Dam D. , Kwant M.M.
Published: July 2002

Adenovirus DNA replication was studied in a partially reconstituted system consisting of purified viral proteins (DNA‐binding protein, precursor terminal protein and Ad DNA polymerase) and a nuclear extract from uninfected HeLa cells. Optimal DNA replication required the presence of a heat‐stable, ribonuclease‐sensitive fraction from the cytosol of uninfected cells. This fraction stimulated the initiation about 3‐fold and the replication of origin fragments 5–10‐fold. Sedimentation analysis indicated the presence of a fast‐sedimenting and a slow‐sedimenting component which complemented each other. At least part of the stimulation was caused by low‐molecular‐mass RNA.
The mechanisms of the cyclic AMP‐dependent regulation of the enzymes of the 2′,5′‐oligoadenylate system
Authors: Itkes A.V. , Turpaev K.T. , Kartasheva O.N. , Tunitskaya V.L. , Kafiani C.A.
Published: July 2002

The cAMP‐dependent induction of 2,5‐oligoadenylate (2‐5A) synthetase and cAMP‐dependent inhibition of 2‐5A phosphodiesterase are shown. Variations in activities of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase and the enzymes of 2‐5A metabolism in the cells deepening into the resting state were found to be compatible with the above finding. A scheme of coordinated action of cAMP and 2‐5A is proposed.
Immunological comparisons among energy‐transducing adenosine triphosphatases from higher plants with respect to the structures of their subunits
Authors: Iwasaki Yukimoto , Matsuoka Makoto , Asahi Tadashi
Published: July 2002

Anti‐sweet potato mitchondrial F1‐ATPase antibody that recognized the α‐ and β‐subunits of its antigen reacted with β‐, but not α‐, subunits of F1‐ATPases from guinea pig liver mitochondria and sweet potato, pea and spinach chloroplasts. The peptide maps and their immunoblots corresponded closely with the antibody of the β‐subunits from various sources.
Interaction of formycin A‐5'‐triphosphate with pyruvate carboxylase
Authors: Attwood Paul V. , Coates John H. , Wallace John C.
Published: July 2002

Formycin triphosphate (FTP), a fluorescent analogue of ATP, is a competitive inhibitor of chicken liver pyruvate carboxylase with respect to ATP. The chicken liver enzyme is unable to utilise FTP as a substrate at a measureable rate, but FTP is a poor substrate for the sheep liver enzyme. When FTP binds to the enzyme, its fluorescence is enhanced and in this way the formation of enzyme‐FTP complexes can be monitored. Using this property of FTP, the effect of Mg2+ and acetyl‐CoA on the binding of nucleoside triphosphates to the chicken liver enzyme was examined. Mg2+ was found to enhance the binding of FTP whilst acetyl‐CoA reduced the fluorescence intensity of a mixture of Mg2+ enzyme and FTP. Most probably, this was caused by a conformational change in the enzyme which changed the environment of the fluorophore.
Biosynthesis and processing of pro‐C3, a precursor of the third component of complement in rat hepatocytes: effect of secretion‐blocking agents
Authors: Misumi Yoshio , Takami Noboru , Ikehara Yukio
Published: July 2002

Biosynthesis and intracellular processing of the third component (C3) of complement were studied in cultured rat hepatocytes. In the control cells, the complement C3 was synthesized as a pro‐form, a single polypeptide chain comprising both the α‐ and β‐subunits. Although the cleavage of the pro‐form into the subunits was not clearly demonstrable within the cells during pulse‐chase periods, all the secreted C3 was the mature processed form. The cells were treated with secretion‐blocking agents with different modes of action, colchicine and monensin. Colchicine caused an accumulation of the processed C3 within the cells, whereas monensin blocked the secretion without a significant accumulation of the processed form. The results indicate that the conversion of the C3 pro‐form into the subunits takes place in the secretory vesicles just before the secretion.
The primary structure of the DNA‐binding protein II from Clostridium pasteurianum
Authors: Kimura Makoto , Kimura Junko , Zierer Reiner
Published: July 2002

The complete amino acid sequence of the Clostridium pasteurianum DNA‐binding protein II (DNAb‐II) has been determined. The molecule contains 91 amino acid residues and has an M
rof 10133. Sequence data were obtained from manual Edman degradation, using the DABITC/PITC double‐coupling of the tryptic, peptic, chymotryptic and Staphylococcus protease peptides. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of the C. pasteurianum DNAb‐II with those of the DNAb‐II from Escherichia coli, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Thermoplasma acidophilum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows that the C. pasteurianum protein is more homologous to that of B. stearothermophilus (60%) than to that of E. coli (45%). All DNAb‐II proteins have identical sequences Gly‐Phe‐Gly‐X‐Phe at positions 46–50 and Arg‐Asn‐Pro‐X‐Thr at positions 61–65.
A protein molecule as a bioanalytical device
Authors: Morozov Victor N. , Morozova Tamara Ya.
Published: July 2002

Cross‐linked protein solids are proposed as new types of chemomechanical sensors for identification of biological molecules and measurement of their concentration. New sensors make use of the ability of proteins to specifically bind its ligands and to alter their conformation upon the binding. The use of immobilized proteins enables these conformational changes to be detected through the changes in mechanical properties of protein solid samples (stress, stain or the Young's modulus). Some advantages of the new sensors over enzyme probes are illustrated on considering the properties of papain sensor for α‐N‐benzoyl‐L‐arginine ethyl ester.
Immunochemical characterization of charge isomers of bacteria‐derived human growth hormone with monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Jónsdóttir Ingileif , Ekre Hans-Peter T. , Skoog Bo , Perlmann Peter
Published: July 2002

Monoclonal antibodies were used to study the immunochemical nature of charge isomers of bacterially produced methionyl human growth hormone. After isoelectric focusing of the hormone the 12 monoclonal antibodies reacted similarly in immunoblotting experiments and none of them could discriminate between the two isolated charge isomers in ELISA. This indicates that the generation of charge isomers of met‐hGH does not result is loss of the determinants recognized by the monoclonal antibodies and that the conformation of the two main charge isomers is identical within these determinants.
Nucleotide sequence of a yeast tRNAArg3A gene and its transcription in a homologous in vitro system
Authors: Villanueva Jorge , Bull Paulina , Valenzuela Pablo , Venegas Alejandro
Published: July 2002

Twelve bacterial clones containing complementary sequences to yeast tRNAArg
3 were isolated from a gene library. The size of the yeast BamHI inserts ranges from 5.4 to 10 MDa. There are at least 6 copies of this gene in different loci of the yeast genome. Insert from clone pYAT‐3 was mapped, and the presence of a tRNAArg
3A gene was confirmed by DNA sequence. The coding region is colinear with the transcriptional product. Unlike other reported tRANArg
3A genes, this one is not linked to a tRNAAsp gene. In vitro transcription using a yeast extract produces a transcript of 76 ± 1 bases.
The Rieske iron‐sulfur cluster of plant mitochondria
Authors: Bonner Walter D. , Prince Roger C.
Published: July 2002

The Rieske iron‐sulfur cluster, which no‐one as yet has been able to identify in plant mitochondria, is identified in these mitochondria through the use of 5‐N‐undecyl‐6‐hydroxy‐4,7‐dioxobenzothiazole (UHDBT). The midpoint potential of the Rieske cluster in mung bean and potato mitochondria is + 300 mV. The orientation of the Rieske cluster in the potato mitochondrial membrane is identical to its orientation in animal mitochondrial and Rhodopseudomonas
sphaeroides membranes but differs from that in chloroplast membranes.
Modulation of rat pancreatic islet cell replication and insulin release by glibenclamide
Authors: Khatim M.S. , Al-Mahmood H.A. , Gumaa K.A.
Published: July 2002

Glibenclamide significantly stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of fetal rat pancreatic islets at a physiological (5.5 mM) but not at a high (22 mM) glucose concentration. There was no significant stimulation of insulin release under these conditions. In contrast, the drug‐stimulated insulin release from adult islets cultured at 5.5 mM glucose but had no effect on their DNA synthesis. The observations suggest that insulin secretion and DNA synthesis may be dissociated in rat pancreatic islets.
Subcellular localisation of cerebral fucosyltransferase
Authors: Broquet Pierre , Serres-Guillaumond Mireille , Baubichon-Cortay Hélène , Peschard Marie-Jo , Louisot Pierre
Published: July 2002

GDP‐fucose : asialofetuin fucosyltransferase from sheep brain was fractionated on a sucrose gradient into two activity peaks. Using purification on Ficoll adapted from the proposed method [(1980) J. Neurochem. 35, 281‐296], double localisation of cerebral fucosyltransferase was confirmed and the subcellular active fractions identified as light microsomes and mitochondria.
Identification of messenger RNA for human type II collagen
Authors: Vuorio E. , Elima K. , Pulkkinen J. , Viitanen A.-M.
Published: July 2002

Collagen
Human type II collagen
Cartilage
Hybridization
mRNA
Cell‐free translation
Partial N‐terminal amino acid sequences of polypeptides p14 and p12 of encephalomyocarditis virus are identical and correspond to the N‐terminus of the viral polyprotein
Authors: Ugarova T.Yu. , Siyanova E.Yu. , Svitkin Yu.V. , Kazachkov Yu.A. , Baratova L.A. , Agol V.I.
Published: July 2002

Our previous data suggested that translation in an EMC virus RNA‐programmed cell‐free system from Krebs‐2 cells is initiated predominantly at a single site and that the earliest amino acid sequences synthesized correspond to non‐structural ‘leader’ polypeptides p14 and p12 [(1982) FEBS Lett. 141, 153–156]. Here, polypeptides p14 and p12 were labelled in vitro by tritiated amino acids, isolated and subjected to automated Edman degradation. Both polypeptides (after the loss of the N‐terminal methionine) were shown to contain alanine in position 1 and glutamic acid in positions 5 and 7. These and other data demonstrate that p14 and p12 share a common N‐terminal sequence. This sequence coincides precisely with the N‐terminus of EMC virus polyprotein sequence deduced from the primary structure of the viral genome [(1984) Nucleic Acids Res., in press]. Thus, the single initiation site operating in our translation system corresponds to the start of the polyprotein molecule.
The nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage T 5 leucine tRNA
Authors: Shiyapnikov M.G. , Kazantsev S.I. , Kryukov V.M. , Bayev A.A.
Published: July 2002

This tRNA has anticodon sequence UAG, which can presumably recognize all the four leucine‐specific codons (CUN). The main feature of T5 tRNALeu is the absence of the A10‐C25 and C31‐Ψ39 pairing in the D and anticodon stems, respectively.
Activation of the PCSM‐protein phosphatase by a Ca2+‐dependent protease
Authors: Waelkens Etienne , Goris Jozef , Merlevede Wilfried
Published: July 2002

The inhibitor‐1 phosphatase but not the phosphorylase phosphatase activity of a newly discovered 250 kDa polycation‐stimulated (PCSM) protein phosphatase in rabbit skeletal muscle is increased up to 10‐fold by a Ca2+‐dependent protease. The enzyme‐directed protease effect to which the PCSH and PCSL. phosphatases are insensitive was progressively lost during purification of the enzyme. This could be explained by either a slow conversion of the enzyme to an active form of the enzyme with a change in specificity, or the loss of a protease‐sensitive inhibitor of the inhibitor‐1 phosphatase activity, resulting in a PCS phosphatase characterized by its high inhibitor‐1/phosphorylase a activity ratio. The Ca2+‐dependent protease is completely inhibited by EGTA or leupeptin.
Synthesis of dinucleoside tetraphosphates by RNA polymerase B (II) from calf thymus
Authors: Hinrichsen Angelika I. , Ortner Irmgard M. , Hartmann Guido R.
Published: July 2002

Highly purified RNA polymerase B (II) from calf thymus catalyses the synthesis of dinucleoside tetraphosphates from ribonucleoside triphosphates in the absence of an oligonucleotide primer or additional protein factors. The reaction requires a DNA template and bivalent cations such as Mn2+ or Mg2+. It is strongly inhibited by heparin and high concentrations of α‐amanitin but not by rifampicin. On a given template various dinucleoside tetraphosphates of different sequence are formed although the yield depends on the nature of the template.
Torus‐shaped particles formed due to intermolecular condensation of circular DNA upon interaction with synthetic tripeptide
Authors: Vengerov Y.Y. , Semenov T.E. , Streltsov S.A. , Makarov V.L. , Khorlin A.A. , Gursky G.V.
Published: July 2002

The morphology of complexes between relaxed circular plasmid pBR322 DNA and tripeptide L‐Val‐L‐Val‐L‐Val‐NH‐NH‐Dns (TVP) at different peptide/DNA ratios was studied by electron microscopy. The results show that interaction of TVP with circular DNA leads to the formation of perfect torus‐shaped particles. The torus parameter measurements offer the possibility to conclude that DNA condensation observed is of intermolecular nature. On the basis of the analysis of the structures corresponding to the early stages of DNA compaction the model for intermolecular condensation of circular DNA into torus‐shaped particles is proposed.
Identification of lipoglycan antigens from the Acholeplasma laidlawii cell membrane in crossed immunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Johansson Karl-Erik , Jagersten Christina , Smith Paul F.
Published: July 2002

Membranes from the wall‐less prokaryote Acholeplasma laidlawii contain a component termed lipoglycan or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The lipoglycan has extraction properties, which are similar to those of LPS of gram‐negative bacteria, but it is chemically distinct from bacterial LPS. The membrane‐bound lipoglycan of A. laidlawii did not seem to be particularly immunogenic and antibodies against it could not always be detected by rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE) or crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in hyperimmune sera raised against membranes. The immunoprecipitate corresponding to the lipoglycan, obtained by CIE of Tween 20‐solubilized A. laidlawii membranes, has been identified and shown to be both a cathodically and anodically migrating component at pH 8.6. The shape of the immunoprecipitate in both RIE and CIE showed that the lipoglycan antigen is composed of at least two components, which are immunologically related.
Chromatin from sperm of Bivalvia molluscs
Authors: Zaienskaya Irina A. , Odintsova Nelli A. , Vorob'ev Vladimir I.
Published: July 2002

In chromatin from the sperm of two Bivalvia molluscs a highly basic low molecular mass sperm‐specific protein (S‐protein) has been found in addition to the full complement of histones. It is shown that sperm chromatin preserves nucleosomal organization, some parameters of which are specific: (i) DNase I cuts DNA within the sperm nuclei with dinucleosomal periodicity; (ii) linker DNA of the nucleosome is significantly elongated. The S‐protein is shown to be located on the linker DNA.
Bacterial immunoglobulin a proteases monitored by continuous Spectrophotometry
Authors: Bleeg Henry S. , Reinholdt Jesper , Kilian Mogens
Published: July 2002

IgA proteases were estimated in a turbid aqueous two‐phase system with 10% polyethylene glycol‐Tris buffer, where IgA spontaneously concentrates in microscopic spherical particles (< 1 μm). After enzymatic cleavage of IgA into Fabα and Fcα fragments, these fragments are soluble and decreasing turbidity is observed. The reaction may be followed by conventional spectrophotometry. In this manner, IgA proteases may be estimated in 10 min. Examples of the utility of the method are given with results from inhibitor studies, estimation of Km and purification of IgA protease from Haemophilus influenzae.