bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ligand-based approach for predicting drug targets and for virtual screening against COVID-19
Authors: Yang Yanqing , Zhu Zhengdan , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Xinben , Mu Kaijie , Shi Yulong , Peng Cheng , Xu Zhijian , Zhu Weiliang
Published: December 2020

Discovering efficient drugs and identifying target proteins are still an unmet but urgent need for curing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Protein structure-based docking is a widely applied approach for discovering active compounds against drug targets and for predicting potential targets of active compounds. However, this approach has its inherent deficiency caused by e.g. various different conformations with largely varied binding pockets adopted by proteins, or the lack of true target proteins in the database. This deficiency may result in false negative results. As a complementary approach to the protein structure-based platform for COVID-19, termed as D3Docking in our previous work, we developed in this study a ligand-based method, named D3Similarity, which is based on the molecular similarity evaluation between the submitted molecule(s) and those in an active compound database. The database is constituted by all the reported bioactive molecules against the coronaviruses, viz., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 (HCoV-EMC), human CoV 229E (HCoV-229E) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), some of which have target or mechanism information but some do not. Based on the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) similarity evaluation of molecular structures, virtual screening and target prediction could be performed according to similarity ranking results. With two examples, we demonstrated the reliability and efficiency of D3Similarity by using 2D × 3D value as score for drug discovery and target prediction against COVID-19. The database, which will be updated regularly, is available free of charge at https://www.d3pharma.com/D3Targets-2019-nCoV/D3Similarity/index.php.
‘Suppression on top of oppression’: A symbolic interactionist perspective on the affective experience of incarceration
Authors: Umamaheswar Janani
Published: December 2020

Penological research has extensively documented how incarcerated men’s identities are shaped by the prison setting, highlighting how these men cope with and adapt to the ‘pains of imprisonment’ through careful emotion management. Significantly less research has focused explicitly on the role of emotion in incarcerated men’s constructions of their selves. In this article, I draw on 24 in-depth interviews with incarcerated men to reveal how the prison setting generates negative emotions (such as sadness, shame, humiliation, and anger) that in turn perpetuate the isolation that these men face. Emotions thus constitute an overlooked source of these men’s social marginalization. Additionally, I draw on theoretical literature derived from symbolic interactionism (and identity theory in particular) to explore how participants cope with, and make efforts to overcome, their negative emotions by engaging in active emotion and identity work centred on constructing morality narratives of pride, self-worth, and superiority.
The Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility in International Law: Too Much or Too Little?
Authors: Lanovoy Vladyslav
Published: December 2020

The Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility aim to ‘substantiate the existing rules of the law of international responsibility’ as they are codified in the International Law Commission’s 2001 Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts and the 2011 Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations. This article examines the contribution of the Guiding Principles to the law of international responsibility and analyses some of their more controversial features, where the Guiding Principles seek to significantly expand the scope of the existing rules and, conversely, where they could have been much more ambitious.
Comparative analysis of secondary metabolite gene clusters in different strains of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Saha Pallabi , Sarkar Atrayee , Sabnam Nazmiara , Shirke Meghana D , Mahesh H B , Nikhil Aman , Rajamani Anantharamanan , Gowda Malali , Roy-Barman Subhankar
Published: December 2020

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae continues to be a major constraint in rice production worldwide. Rice is one of the staple crops in India and rice blast causes huge economic losses. Interestingly, the Indian subcontinent is the centre for origin and diversity of rice as well as the Magnaporthe species complex. Secondary metabolites are known to play important role in pathogenesis and M. oryzae has high potential of genes involved in secondary metabolism but, unfortunately most of them remain uncharacterized. In the present study, we analysed the draft genome assemblies of M. oryzae strains isolated from different parts of India, for putative secondary metabolite key gene (SMKG) clusters encoding polyketide synthases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, diterpene cyclases and dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase. Based on the complete genome sequence of 70–15 strain and its previous reports of identified SMKGs, we have identified the key genes for the interrogated strains. Expression analysis of these genes amongst different strains indicates how they have evolved depending on the host and environmental conditions. To our knowledge, this study is first of its kind where the secondary metabolism genes and their role in functional adaptation were studied across several strains of M. oryzae.
A systematic review of contributing factors of and solutions to electronic health record–related impacts on physician well-being
Authors: Nguyen Oliver T , Jenkins Nyasia J , Khanna Neel , Shah Shivani , Gartland Alexander J , Turner Kea , Merlo Lisa J
Published: December 2020

Objective

Physicians often describe the electronic health record (EHR) as a cumbersome impediment to meaningful work, which has important implications for physician well-being. This systematic review (1) assesses organizational, physician, and information technology factors associated with EHR-related impacts on physician well-being; and (2) highlights potential improvements to EHR form and function, as recommended by frontline physicians.

Materials and methods

The MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases were searched for literature describing EHR use by physicians and markers of well-being.

Results

After reviewing 7388 article, 35 ultimately met the inclusion criteria. Multiple factors across all levels were associated with EHR-related well-being among physicians. Notable predictors amenable to interventions include (1) total EHR time, (2) after-hours EHR time, (3) on-site EHR support, (4) perceived EHR usability, (5) in-basket burden, and (6) documentation burden. Physician recommendations also echoed these themes.

Conclusions

There are multiple complex factors involved in EHR-related well-being among physicians. Our review shows physicians have recommendations that span from federal regulations to organizational policies to EHR modifications. Future research should assess multipronged interventions that address these factors. As primary stakeholders, physicians should be included in the planning and implementation of such modifications to ensure compatibility with physician needs and clinical workflows.
Replacing fish oil and astaxanthin by microalgal sources produced different metabolic responses in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets
Authors: Zhu Shanli , Portman Mark , Cleveland Beth M , Magnuson Andrew D , Wu Kun , Sealey Wendy , Lei Xin Gen
Published: December 2020

Dietary fish oil supplementation provides n-3 long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids for supporting fish growth and metabolism and enriching fillet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; c22:6n-3). Two experiments were performed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments for 16 wk to determine effects and mechanisms of replacing 0%, 50%, and 100% fish oil with DHA-rich microalgae in combination with synthetic vs. microalgal source of astaxanthin in plant protein meal (PM)- or fishmeal (FM)- based diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (22 ± 0.26 g) were stocked at 17/tank and 3 tanks/diet. The 100% fish oil replacement impaired (P < 0.0001) growth performance, dietary protein and energy utilization, body indices, and tissue accumulation of DHA and EPA in both diet series. The impairments were associated (P < 0.05) with upregulation of hepatic gene expression related to growth (ghr1and igf1) and biosynthesis of DHA and EPA (fads6 and evol5) that was more dramatic in the FM than PM diet-fed fish, and more pronounced on tissue EPA than DHA concentrations. The source of astaxanthin exerted interaction effects with the fish oil replacement on several measures including muscle total cholesterol concentrations. In conclusion, replacing fish oil by the DHA-rich microalgae produced more negative metabolic responses than the substitution of synthetic astaxanthin by the microalgal source in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets.
Identification of Lice Stored in Alcohol Using MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Benyahia Hanene , Ouarti Basma , Diarra Adama Zan , Boucheikhchoukh Mehdi , Meguini Mohamed Nadir , Behidji Makhlouf , Benakhla Ahmed , Parola Philippe , Almeras Lionel
Published: December 2020

Lice pose major public and veterinary health problems with economic consequences. Their identification is essential and requires the development of an innovative strategy. MALDI-TOF MS has recently been proposed as a quick, inexpensive, and accurate tool for the identification of arthropods. Alcohol is one of the most frequently used storage methods and makes it possible to store samples for long periods at room temperature. Several recent studies have reported that alcohol alters protein profiles resulting from MS analysis. After preliminary studies on frozen lice, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of alcohol preservation on the accuracy of lice identification by MALDI-TOF MS. To this end, lice stored in alcohol for variable periods were submitted for MS analysis and sample preparation protocols were optimized. The reproducibility and specificity of the MS spectra obtained on both these arthropod families allowed us to implement the reference MS spectra database (DB) with protein profiles of seven lice species stored in alcohol. Blind tests revealed a correct identification of 93.9% of Pediculus humanus corporis (Linnaeus, 1758) and 98.4% of the other lice species collected in the field. This study demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could be successfully used for the identification of lice stored in alcohol for different lengths of time.
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for High-Risk, Resectable Malignancies: Scientific Rationale and Clinical Challenges
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Mithunah , Lenehan John G , Maleki Vareki Saman
Published: December 2020

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy involves administering immune checkpoint inhibitors before surgical resection in high-risk resectable disease. This strategy was shown to have a high pathological response rate and prolonged relapse-free survival in randomized trials in melanoma, glioblastoma, and colon cancer with small numbers of patients. In resectable cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) can enhance antitumor immunity by activating antigen-specific T cells found in the primary tumor. These tumor-reactive T cells continue to exert antitumor effects on remaining neoplastic cells after the resection of the primary tumor, potentially preventing relapses from occurring. Based on the scientific rationale and early clinical observations with surrogate survival endpoints, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may provide an effective alternative to other therapeutic strategies such as adjuvant treatment. However, this can be determined only by conducting randomized controlled trials comparing neoadjuvant immunotherapy with the current standard of care for each tumor site. This review discusses the cellular mechanisms that occur during successful neoadjuvant immunotherapy and highlights the clinical data from the available human studies that support the preclinical mechanistic data. Here we also discuss strategies required for successful neoadjuvant immunotherapy, including combination treatment strategies and resistance mechanisms to neoadjuvant treatment.
Understanding Shoulder Pain: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis Exploring the Patient Experience
Authors: Maxwell Christina , Robinson Katie , McCreesh Karen
Published: December 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to review and synthesize qualitative research studies exploring the experiences of individuals living with shoulder pain to enhance understanding of the experiences of these individuals as well as facilitate health care developments.

Methods

A meta-ethnographic approach was adopted to review and synthesize eligible published qualitative research studies. The findings from each included study were translated into one another using the Noblit and Hares 7-stage process. A systematic search of 11 electronic databases was conducted in March 2020. Methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme appraisal tool.

Results

Nineteen studies were included in the meta-synthesis. Included articles explored the lived experiences as well as treatment-related experiences of participants. All of the included articles were deemed to be of high methodological quality. Three themes were identified: (1) negative emotional, social, and activity impact (“It has been a big upheaval”); (2) developing an understanding (“Why is it hurting so much?”); and (3) exercise (“Am I going to go through a lot of pain in moving it…?”). Across the included studies, the severe emotional and physical impact of shoulder pain was a core finding. Many people sought a “permanent” solution involving surgery. Openness to other treatment options was influenced by factors including understanding of pain, prior experiences, and treatment expectations.

Conclusion

These findings deepen our understanding of the impact of shoulder pain on peoples’ lives and provide novel insight into the experience of treatment. Enhanced awareness of people’s experiences of shoulder pain and treatment is crucial for clinicians when planning and implementing evidence-based recommendation.

Impact

To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first qualitative evidence synthesis to explore the treatment-related experiences of individuals with shoulder pain. Shoulder surgery was considered by many as the only means to achieve a more permeant resolution of symptoms.

Lay Summary

Shoulder pain causes emotional and physical turmoil that can permeate every facet of life. People’s understanding of their shoulder pain appears to be deeply rooted in a biomechanical view of pain, which influences their expectations relating to diagnosis and treatment.
Using peer instruction in an analysis course: a report from the field
Authors: Kempen Leander
Published: December 2020

This paper is meant to give some kind of manual instruction for the use of audience response systems for performing peer instruction in class. The different aspects one has to take into account when trying to implement this method are presented. In all of the sections, additional links and references are provided. The author reports on and reflects on his individual decisions when conducting peer teaching in an analysis course at the university. Finally, the results of the corresponding evaluation are presented and discussed.
Academic Grade Inflation in Nursing Education: A Scoping Review of the Qualitative and Quantitative Literature
Authors: Del Prato Darlene M. , Bankert Esther G.
Published: December 2020

AIM

The aim of the study was to answer the research question: What is known from the literature about academic grading practices and grade inflation in nursing education?

BACKGROUND

Nursing students require authentic assessment that supports their professional formation. For teachers and students, integrity is fundamental to professional nursing excellence.

METHOD

Arskey and O′Malley’s framework was used to integrate and reinterpret findings from qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies.

RESULTS

Twelve studies were reviewed. Contributing factors are described as institutional constraints, external standards, team teaching, lack of faculty confidence, and student incivility. Strategies that may mitigate grade inflation include establishing grading expectations and increasing pedagogical rigor with precise rubrics, valid and reliable examinations, interrater reliability, and faculty development.

CONCLUSION

Academic grading is a complex faculty responsibility grounded in ethical and relational competencies that can support or hinder students’ professional formation. Evaluation of strategies to mitigate grade inflation in nursing education is urgently needed.
Mental health in nursing
Authors: Halsted Candis , Hart Virginia T.
Published: December 2020

A stigma around mental health issues within healthcare and nursing itself has created a culture of perfectionism in the workplace, and nurses struggle to live up to the expectations while pushing aside their feelings, thoughts, and needs. Inspired by one author's personal experiences, this article explores mental health issues many nurses confront today.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Pruitt Bill
Published: December 2020

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a restrictive lung disease in which the cause cannot be determined. This article discusses restrictive lung diseases that fall under the general category of interstitial lung disease with a focus on IPF—a fatal disease characterized by progressive fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia, dyspnea, and decreasing pulmonary function.
Unmasking misunderstandings
Authors: Kilgore Bradley , Harriger Cassandra , Gaeta Laura , Sharpp Tara J.
Published: December 2020

Positive patient outcomes depend on successful communication. Increased use of personal protective equipment such as face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate communication difficulties. This article describes situations in which miscommunications may occur, identifies sources of communication breakdowns, and offers strategies to prevent them in real-life scenarios.
Use of toilet alarms in inpatient settings
Authors: Jones Lorrie , Hessler Karen , Winter Becky , Kupzyk Kevin
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To investigate the use of toilet alarms among patients at an increased risk for falls in inpatient settings while allowing for privacy and maintaining safety.

Methods:

Pre- and postsurvey data were collected among patients in the intervention and control groups, as well as among the healthcare staff, to determine perceptions of privacy and safety.

Results:

Each participant group was compared according to the participants' responses to the pre- and postsurveys. On average, the intervention group perceived increased levels of privacy and safety compared with the control group. Staff also indicated increased privacy and safety.

Conclusion:

Additional research is necessary, but patient satisfaction, privacy, and dignity may be augmented by using toilet alarms in hospital settings.
40% Glucose Gel for the Treatment of Asymptomatic Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Authors: Gibson Brandi L. , Carter Brigit M. , LeDuff Lawrence D. , Wallace Angela
Published: December 2020

Background:

The Mother Infant Care Center at Fort Belvoir Community Hospital (FBCH) recently revised its asymptotic neonatal hypoglycemia (ANH) protocol and adopted 40% glucose gel into its treatment pathway. The previous protocol used infant formula as the primary intervention.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effectiveness of 40% glucose gel on exclusive human milk diet rates, time on protocol, level II Special Care Nursery (SCN) admission rates, length of stay (LOS), and total hospital costs for newborns with ANH at FBCH.

Methods:

Infants with ANH were treated with 40% glucose gel (n = 35) and compared with a historical group of infants with ANH (n = 29) who were treated with formula.

Results:

Exclusive human milk diet rates increased by 33.6%. The mean time on protocol dropped by 1.13 hours. The SCN admission rates dropped by 2.4% in the postimplementation group. The mean LOS was more than 12 hours less in the postimplementation group. The mean total cost per patient was $1190.60 lower after implementation of 40% glucose gel.

Implications for Practice:

The use of 40% glucose gel is a patient-focused, less-invasive, and cost-effective treatment of ANH.

Implications for Research:

More studies are needed to better define neonatal hypoglycemia. The use of 40% glucose gel is safe for use in infants with ANH; however, more studies are needed to examine its comprehensive benefits.
Wildfire particulate matter in Shasta County, California and respiratory and circulatory disease-related emergency department visits and mortality, 2013–2018
Authors: Casey Joan A. , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna , Elser Holly , Walker Daniel , Taylor Stephanie , Adams Sarah , Aguilera Rosana , Benmarhnia Tarik , Catalano Ralph
Published: December 2020

Background:

Wildfire smoke harms health. We add to this literature by evaluating the health effects of California’s 2018 Carr Fire and preceding wildfire seasons in Shasta County.

Methods:

With data from the Shasta County Health and Human Services Agency, we examined the link between weekly wildfire fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure estimated using a spatiotemporal multiple imputation approach and emergency department (ED) visits and mortality using time-series models that controlled for temporal trends and temperature.

Results:

Between 2013 and 2018, Shasta County experienced 19 weeks with average wildfire PM2.5 ≥5.5 μg/m3 (hereafter, “high wildfire PM2.5 concentration”). Among all Shasta County Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs; n = 36), we detected no association between high wildfire PM2.5 concentrations and respiratory or circulatory disease-related ED visits or mortality. Subsequent analyses were confined to valley ZCTAs (n = 11, lower elevation, majority of population, worse air quality in general). In valley ZCTAs, high wildfire PM2.5 was associated with a 14.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.2, 24.9) increase in same-week respiratory disease-related ED visits but no increase in the subsequent 2 weeks nor on circulatory disease-related mortality or ED visits or all-cause mortality. Two weeks after high wildfire PM2.5 weeks, respiratory disease-related deaths decreased (–31.5%, 95% CI = –64.4, 1.5). The 2018 Carr Fire appeared to increase respiratory disease-related ED visits by 27.0% (95% CI = 4.0, 50.0) over expectation and possibly reduce circulatory disease-related deaths (–18.2%, 95% CI = –39.4, 2.9).

Conclusions:

As climate change fuels wildfire seasons, studies must continue to evaluate their health effects, particularly in highly exposed populations.
Salvage peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in patients with progressive neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Yong-il
Published: December 2020

Objective

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an effective treatment option in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Recently, salvage PRRT has been introduced for progressing NET patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the therapeutic efficacy, survival, and toxicity of salvage PRRT in patients with progressive NETs.

Methods

A systematic (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus) were performed. To determine therapeutic efficacy, objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) were identified using radiologic response criteria. To determine survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were verified. To determine toxicity, information was collected on serious (grades 3 or 4) hematologic and renal adverse events.

Results

Nine articles featuring 426 patients were included in this study. Salvage PRRT achieved pooled proportions of ORR in 17.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.6–23.5] and DCR in 76.9% (95% CI 72.3–81.0) of patients. Salvage PRRT demonstrated pooled estimates of PFS of 14.1 months (95% CI 12.2–15.9) and OS of 26.8 months (95% CI 18.8–34.9). Pooled proportions of hematologic and renal toxicities were 10.8% (95% CI 5.9–16.8) and 0.7% (95% CI 0.2–1.8), respectively. A subgroup direct comparison study with initial PRRT revealed that salvage PRRT showed significantly lower therapeutic efficacy (ORR and DCR, all P < 0.001) and shorter PFS (P = 0.03) despite similar hematologic toxicity (P = 0.25) and renal toxicity (P = 0.45).

Conclusion

Salvage PRRT is effective in patients with progressive NETs, and toxicity appeared to be similar to initial PRRT which could be a feasible treatment option.
Prognostic value of dynamic renal scan with 99mTc-EC in patients with kidney transplantation: a prospective descriptive study
Authors: Arefnia Maryam , Masoumi Navid , Ghodsirad Mohammad Ali , Moghaddam Erfan J. , Hosseinzadeh Elinaz , Hojjati Mahtab
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Renal transplantation is the gold standard treatment for chronic kidney disease. Renal scintigraphy has been performed widely to evaluate postsurgical complications of transplantation, but there are little data regarding 99mTc-EC scintigraphy in kidney transplantation.

Methods and materials

This was a prospective descriptive study. All patients who underwent kidney transplantation and passed an uneventful postoperative period entered the study. Demographic characteristics, including age, gender, biochemical parameters before and after the transplantation and 99mTc-EC parameters including time to max, time to ½ max, slope from max to ½ max, upslope time interval and time to 2/3 max as well as episodes of rejection, were recorded. Patients were then followed up for 1 year at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month intervals.

Results

Forty-one patients who underwent renal transplantation entered the study. Mean ± SD age of patients was 40.65 ± 12.84 years (min 17 and max 74 years). In total, 25% (10) of patients experienced one or two episodes of rejection and were hospitalized. Time of max, time of 1/2 max, time from max to 1/2 max, time of 2/3 max, time from max to 2/3 max and upslope time interval had a significant association with transplant rejection using a Cox regression model. With 1-min increase in time of max, the risk of rejection increased by 27% (hazard ratio = 1.27; CI, 1.03–-1.56) and with 1-min increase in time of 1/2 max, the risk of rejection increased by 28% (hazard ratio = 1.28; CI, 1.14–1.45).

Discussion

99mTc-EC renal scintigrahpy was able to predict kidney transplantation rejection in our patients. 99mTc-EC renal scintigrahpy is beneficial to evaluate transplant kidney function to prevent complications and helps close follow-up.
Tapentadol treatment results in long-term pain relief in patients with chronic low back pain and associates with reduced segmental sensitization
Authors: van de Donk Tine , van Cosburgh Jurjan , van Dasselaar Tom , van Velzen Monique , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Dahan Albert , Niesters Marieke
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common chronic pain conditions in pain practice.

Objectives:

In the current study, we describe phenotypes of patients with CLBP based on the status of their endogenous pain modulatory system.

Methods:

Conditioned pain modulation (a measure of central pain inhibition), temporal summation (TS, a measure of pain facilitation), and offset analgesia (a measure of temporal filtering of nociception) were evaluated in 53 patients with CLBP at painful and nonpainful sites. Next, in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 40 patients with defective conditioned pain modulation responses received treatment with tapentadol prolonged-release or placebo for 3 months.

Results:

The majority of patients (87%) demonstrated loss of central pain inhibition combined with segmentally increased TS and reduced offset analgesia at the lower back region. During treatment, tapentadol reduced pain intensity more than placebo (tapentadol −19.5 ± 2.1 mm versus placebo −7.1 ± 1.8 mm, P = 0.025). Furthermore, tapentadol significantly decreased pain facilitation by reduction of TS responses at the lower back (tapentadol −0.94 ± 1.9 versus placebo 0.01 ± 1.5, P = 0.020), which correlated with pain reduction (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Patients with CLBP demonstrated different phenotypes of endogenous pain modulation. In patients with reduced conditioned pain modulation, tapentadol produced long-term pain relief that coincided with reduction of signs of pain facilitation. These data indicate that the endogenous pain system may be used as a biomarker in the pharmacological treatment of CLBP, enabling an individualized, mechanism-based treatment approach.
Examining the influence of user-generated content on the fashion consumer online experience
Authors: Vazquez Delia , Cheung Jenny , Nguyen Bang , Dennis Charles , Kent Anthony
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyse online consumers' experiential responses towards visual user-generated content in social commerce fashion online shopping environments. The study develops and tests a UGC OCE framework incorporating aesthetic and relational experiential paths in the OCE.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a quantitative approach to examine fashion consumers experiential responses to UGC content. The sample comprised 555 respondents recruited via a consumer panel. SEM analysis was employed to analyse and test the framework model.

Findings

The findings illustrate that consumers are initially stimulated by an aesthetic experience, which then triggers a combination of relational, emotional and interactive experiences in fashion social commerce. The study extends the S-O-R framework by integrating it to the experiential “path” that indicates the series of experiences consumers encounter. Using S-O-R, the study presents the consumers' online experiential responses to viewing visual UGC, revealing that there are five experiential responses, all of which have an influence on online consumer behaviour. Responses towards visual UGC include visual, relational, emotional, cognitive engagement and interactive engagement, which were all identified to influence purchase intention.

Originality/value

This study is original in finding that, in the context of online fashion shopping, aesthetics drive relational experiences, and relational experiences drive flow and interactive behaviour and also purchase intention. Aesthetic experiences and positive emotions are powerful drivers of purchase intention and drive connectedness, flow and interactive behaviour. This study extends the literature by extending the frameworks in OCE and CE into the fashion UGC context.
Changing times – High Court of Australia library during COVID-19
Authors: Botherway John
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide information and opinion on how the library dealt with this period and some further discussion on longer term impacts.

Design/methodology/approach

Observations/commentary covering the operation of the High Court of Australia Library and court/law libraries more generally during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings

The success of remote working will likely see this become more normalised.

Originality/value

This article is basically commentary and personal observation rather than original research.
Climate warming prolongs the time interval between leaf‐out and flowering in temperate trees: Effects of chilling, forcing and photoperiod
Authors: Ma Qianqian , Huang Jian‐Guo , Hänninen Heikki , Li Xiaobo , Berninger Frank
Published: December 2020

Leaf‐out and flowering are two key phenological events of plants, denoting the respective onsets of visible vegetative growth and reproduction during the year. For each species, the schedule of vegetative growth and reproduction is crucial to the maximization of its fitness. Warming‐induced advances of leaf‐out and flowering have been reported frequently; however, it is unclear whether the responses of the two events are equal for any given species.

Using long‐term phenological records in Europe, we examined simultaneously the responses of both leaf‐out and flowering of four common temperate tree species to climate warming and further examined the effects of winter chilling, spring forcing and photoperiod on the responses of the two events.

We found that regardless whether flowering or leaf‐out occurred first, the first event advanced more than the second during 1950–2013, resulting in a prolonged time interval between the two events. The temporal changes were also supported by a similar geographical trend that the time interval between the two events increased from cold to warm sites. Due to the warming‐induced reduction in chilling, the spring forcing accumulated until the second event was increased more than the forcing accumulated until the first event, and that reduced the temperature sensitivity of the second event. In addition to the effect of chilling, the shorter photoperiod, associated with the advanced spring phenology, was also likely to substantially increase the spring forcing accumulated until the second event, which thus slowed down its advance, compared to the advance of the first event. The relative contributions of chilling and photoperiod to the increased forcing varied between species and events, with chilling mostly outweighing photoperiod.

Synthesis. This study provides the large‐scale empirical evidence of prolonged time interval between leaf‐out and flowering with climate warming. The unequal advances of the two events may alter the partition of resources between vegetative growth and reproduction and cause different changes of spring frost damage to vegetative and reproductive tissues, which may alter species fitness and further affect ecosystem structure and function.
Soil prokaryotic community shows no response to 2 years of simulated nitrogen deposition in an arid ecosystem in northwestern China
Authors: Huang Juying , Xu Yixin , Yu Hailong , Zhu Wanwan , Wang Pan , Wang Bin , Na Xiaofan
Published: December 2020

An arid ecosystem might be sensitive to nitrogen (N) deposition, but the associated ecosystem‐specific response of soil microbes is not well studied. To assess the N enrichment effects on plant and prokaryotic community diversity, we performed a two‐year NH4NO3treatment in a desert steppe in northwestern China. Results showed that N addition increased plant aboveground biomass and decreased plant Shannon diversity. A C4herb (Salsola collina) became dominant, and loss of legume species was observed. The concentrations of soil NH4+‐N, NO3−‐N, microbial biomass N, and the plant aboveground biomass N pool increased in contrast to total N, suggesting that the N input into the arid ecosystem might mainly be assimilated by plants and exit the ecosystem. Remarkably, the α‐diversity and structure of the soil prokaryotic community did not vary even at the highest N addition rate. Structural equation modelling further found that the plant aboveground N pool counteracted the acidification effect of N deposition and maintained soil pH thus partially stabilizing the composition of prokaryotic communities in a desert steppe. These findings suggested that the plants and N loss might contribute to the lack of responsiveness of soil prokaryotic community to N deposition in a desert steppe.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa antitoxin HigA functions as a diverse regulatory factor by recognizing specific pseudopalindromic DNA motifs
Authors: Song Yingjie , Luo Guihua , Zhu Yibo , Li Tao , Li Changcheng , He Lihui , Zhao Ninglin , Zhao Chang , Yang Jing , Huang Qin , Mu Xingyu , Tang Xinyue , Kang Mei , Wu Siying , He Yongxing , Bao Rui
Published: December 2020

Type II toxin‐antitoxin (TA) systems modulate many essential cellular processes in prokaryotic organisms. Recent studies indicate certain type II antitoxins also transcriptionally regulate other genes, besides neutralizing toxin activity. Herein, we investigated the diverse transcriptional repression properties of type II TA antitoxin PaHigA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemical and functional analyses showed that PaHigA recognized variable pseudopalindromic DNA sequences and repressed expression of multiple genes. Furthermore, we presented high resolution structures of apo‐PaHigA, PaHigA‐PhigBA and PaHigA‐Ppa2440 complex, describing how the rearrangements of the HTH domain accounted for the different DNA‐binding patterns among HigA homologues. Moreover, we demonstrated that the N‐terminal loop motion of PaHigA was associated with its apo and DNA‐bound states, reflecting a switch mechanism regulating HigA antitoxin function. Collectively, this work extends our understanding of how the PaHigB/HigA system regulates multiple metabolic pathways to balance the growth and stress response in P. aeruginosa and could guide further development of anti‐TA oriented strategies for pathogen treatment.
Cobalamin and microbial plankton dynamics along a coastal to offshore transect in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Joglar Vanessa , Álvarez‐Salgado Xosé Antón , Gago‐Martinez Ana , Leao Jose M. , Pérez‐Martínez Clara , Pontiller Benjamin , Lundin Daniel , Pinhassi Jarone , Fernández Emilio , Teira Eva
Published: December 2020

Cobalamin (B12) is an essential cofactor that is exclusively synthesized by some prokaryotes while many prokaryotes and eukaryotes require an external supply of B12. The spatial and temporal availability of B12 is poorly understood in marine ecosystems. Field measurements of B12 along with a large set of ancillary biotic and abiotic factors were obtained during three oceanographic cruises in the NW Iberian Peninsula, covering different spatial and temporal scales. B12 concentrations were remarkably low (<1.5 pM) in all samples, being significantly higher at the subsurface Eastern North Atlantic Central Water than at shallower depths, suggesting that B12 supply in this water mass is greater than demand. Multiple regression models excluded B12 concentration as predictive variable for phytoplankton biomass or production, regardless of the presence of B12‐requiring algae. Prokaryote production was the best predictor for primary production, and eukaryote community composition was better correlated with prokaryote community composition than with nutritional resources, suggesting that biotic interactions play a significant role in regulating microbial communities. Interestingly, co‐occurrence network analyses based on 16S and 18S rRNA sequences allowed the identification of significant associations between potential B12 producers and consumers (e.g. Thaumarchaeota and Dynophyceae, or Amylibacter and Ostreococcus respectively), which can now be investigated using model systems in the laboratory.
Fidelity of motivational interviewing with families in high‐caries‐risk children
Authors: Leske Amanda M. , Mustchin Claire , Bhujel Nabina , Rajan Sadna , Satur Julie
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a promising behavioural intervention for prevention of dental caries in children. Few studies have reported on fidelity of MI delivered in dental settings. The aim of this paper is to explore the fidelity of implementing MI in a clinical dental practice setting, as part of an intervention study investigating caries‐preventive effects of MI delivered to high‐caries‐risk children and their primary caregivers.

Methods

Three oral health therapy clinicians trained in MI (counsellors) provided MI to high‐caries‐risk children and their primary caregivers. All MI sessions (n = 34) were audio‐recorded and analysed using the MI Treatment Integrity code 4.2.1. Qualitative analysis of counsellor self‐reflections identified barriers to MI delivery.

Results

All counsellors were found to adhere to the MI process and demonstrated fair to good MI proficiency for global scores, with a mean (95% CI) of 3.3 (3.1‐3.4) recorded for technical scores and 3.6 (3.5‐3.8) for relational scores. The mean (95% CI) per cent complex reflections was 23% (19.4‐27.1) and the mean reflection:question ratio was 0.7 (0.6‐0.9). No significant differences were observed between counsellors for MI proficiency. Cultural barriers, environmental distractions, participant dental anxiety and counsellor tendency towards prescriptive advice‐giving were identified by counsellors as hindrances to effective MI.

Conclusions

Motivational interviewing is a skill which requires multifaceted training, practice and mentoring to meet accepted proficiency thresholds. Monitoring of MI using a validated tool is essential to ensure delivery as intended and accurately attribute outcomes to the intervention. Dental organizations intending to implement MI for caries prevention should be aware of the demands on time and resources required to deliver proficient MI and monitor fidelity.
Syndromic Forms of Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia—A 15‐year follow‐up Study
Authors: Kostopoulou Eirini , Dastamani Antonia , Güemes Maria , Clement Emma , Caiulo Silvana , Shanmugananda Prateek , Dattani Mehul , Gilbert Clare , Hurst Jane A , Shah Pratik
Published: December 2020

Objective

Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) is one of the commonest causes of hypoglycaemia in children. The molecular basis includes defects in pathways that regulate insulin release. Syndromic conditions like Beckwith‐Wiedemann (BWS), Kabuki (KS) and Turner (TS) are known to be associated with a higher risk for HH. This systematic review of children with HH referred to a tertiary centre aims at estimating the frequency of a syndromic/multisystem condition to help address stratification of genetic analysis in infants with HH.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of 69 patients with syndromic features and hypoglycaemia in a specialist centre from 2004 to 2018.

Results

Biochemical investigations confirmed HH in all the cases and several genetic diagnoses were established. Responsiveness to medications and the final outcome following medical treatment or surgery were studied.

Conclusions

This study highlights the association of HH with a wide spectrum of syndromic diagnoses and that children with features suggestive of HH‐associated syndromes should be monitored for hypoglycaemia. If hypoglycaemia is documented, they should also be screened for possible HH. Our data indicate that most syndromic forms of HH are diazoxide‐responsive and that HH resolves over time; however, a significant percentage continues to require medications years after the onset of the disease. Early diagnosis of hyperinsulinism and initiation of treatment is important for preventing hypoglycaemic brain injury and intellectual disability.
New‐generation diagnostics in inflammatory skin diseases: Immunofluorescence and histopathological assessment using ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sinem Bağcı Işın , Aoki Rui , Vladimirova Gabriela , Ergün Ecem , Ruzicka Thomas , Sárdy Miklós , French Lars E. , Hartmann Daniela
Published: December 2020

Ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) offers real‐time examination of excised tissue in reflectance, fluorescence and digital haematoxylin‐eosin (H&E)–like staining modes enabling application of fluorescent‐labelled antibodies. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of ex vivo CLSM in identifying histopathological features and lupus band test in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) with comparison to conventional histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). A total of 72 sections of 18 CLE patients were stained with acridine orange (AO), anti‐IgG, anti‐IgM and anti‐IgA; 21 control samples were stained with AO. Subsequently, ex vivo CLSM examination of all samples was performed in reflectance, fluorescence and digital H&E‐like staining modes. Superficial and deep perivascular inflammatory infiltration (94.4%), interface dermatitis (88.9%), spongiosis (83.3%) and vacuolar degeneration (77.7%) were the most common features detected with ex vivo CLSM. Kappa test revealed a level of agreement ranging within “perfect” to “good” between ex vivo CLSM and conventional histopathology. ROC analysis showed that the combination of perivascular infiltration, interface dermatitis and spongiosis detected by ex vivo CLSM has the potential to distinguish between CLE and controls. Basement membrane immunoreactivity with IgG, IgM and IgA was identified in 88.8% (n = 15), 55.5% (n = 10) and 55.5% (n = 10) of the CLE samples using ex vivo CLSM, respectively, whereas DIF showed IgG, IgM and IgA positivity in 94.4% (n = 17), 100% (n = 18) and 88.9% (n = 16) of patients, respectively. In conclusion, ex vivo CLSM enables simultaneous histopathological and immunofluorescence examination in CLE showing a high agreement with conventional histopathology, albeit with a lower performance than conventional DIF.
Finite element stress analysis of Aramany class I maxillectomy defect with single‐ and two‐piece closed bulb obturators
Authors: Sudhan Ram Harihara , Chander Gopi Naveen , Anitha Kuttae Viswanathan
Published: December 2020

Aim

To evaluate the stress on the surrounding structures of Aramany class I maxillectomy defect restored with different obturator prostheses.

Methods and results

Definitive three‐dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of Aramany class I defect rehabilitated with single‐ and two‐piece closed bulb obturator prostheses was constructed based on patient computed tomography (CT) using a software. Unilateral defect restored with tripodal design single‐piece closed bulb obturator was used as FE model 1‐ and two‐piece magnet retained closed bulb obturators as FE model 2. Finite element analysis (FEA) with three different load (150 N, 200 N and 250 N) applications was used to calculate the equivalent von Mises stress. A least stress value of 62.28 MPa was observed in two‐piece closed bulb design with 150 N force, and highest stress value of 104.15 MPa was observed in single‐piece obturator with application of 250 N force.

Conclusion

Minor difference in stress distribution pattern was observed between single‐piece obturator and two‐piece obturator, and stress value was comparatively lesser in two‐piece than single‐piece obturator. The stress pattern, distribution and numerical values increased with increase in magnitude of forces. More stress was observed on the lateral slopes of obturator closer to defect than in other areas of the obturator.