bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capacity-prediction models for organic anode-active materials of lithium-ion batteries: advances in predictors using small data
Authors: Tobita Haruka , Namiuchi Yuki , Komura Takumi , Imai Hiroaki , Obinata Koki , Okada Masato , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Oaki Yuya
Published: May 2023

A capacity prediction model for organic anode active materials was constructed using sparse modeling for small data. The new model was validated in terms of the prediction accuracy, validity of the descriptors, and amount of the training data.
The Multilevel Word Accuracy Composite Scale: A Novel Measure of Speech Production in Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Case Julie , Wang Emily W. , Grigos Maria I.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The Multilevel word Accuracy Composite Scale (MACS) is a novel whole-word measure of speech production accuracy designed to evaluate behaviors commonly targeted in motor-based intervention for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The MACS yields a composite score generated through ratings of
segmental accuracy, word structure maintenance, prosody,
and
movement transition
. This study examined the validity of the MACS through comparison to established measures of speech accuracy. Reliability was also examined within and between practicing speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method:

The MACS was used to rate 117 tokens produced by children with severe CAS. Ratings were performed in the laboratory setting by two expert raters and by practicing SLPs (
N
= 19). Concurrent validity was estimated through comparison of expert MACS ratings (i.e., MACS score and each component rating) to measures of speech accuracy (percent phoneme correct and the 3-point scale) using correlational analyses. Reliability was examined between expert raters and across SLP raters using the intraclass correlation coefficient to examine interrater reliability of expert ratings, in addition to inter- and intrarater reliability of SLP ratings.

Results:

Correlation analyses between MACS ratings (i.e., MACS score and component ratings) and existing measures of speech accuracy revealed small to large positive correlations between measures. Reliability analyses revealed moderate to excellent reliability for MACS ratings performed by expert raters and between (interrater) and within (intrarater) SLP raters.

Conclusions:

Analyses of concurrent validity indicate that the MACS aligns with established measures, yet contributes novel elements for rating speech accuracy. Results further support the MACS as a reliable measure for rating speech accuracy in children with severe speech impairment for ratings performed by expert raters and practicing clinicians.
How to Build a Communicative Development Inventory: Insights From 43 Adaptations
Authors: Jarůšková Lucie , Smolík Filip , Chládková Kateřina , Oceláková Zuzana , Paillereau Nikola
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

This article reviews 43 adaptations of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-CDIs), a tool used for measuring children's communicative and language skills. The aim is to provide an overview of different approaches to develop local versions of the instrument (reflecting linguistic and cultural specifics) and to formulate recommendations and suggestions that expand the current guidelines of the MB-CDI Advisory Board. The article also discusses cross-linguistic differences in the structure of this tool, as well as the availability of sources for the language-specific MB-CDI adaptations.

Conclusions:

Strategies differ in the construction of the inventory contents and in the norming phase, as well as in documenting reliability and validity. The most frequent strategies in developing the item lists are translations of existing CDIs and pilot administrations; relatively recent strategies include consultations with child development experts. The norming approach varies in, for example, the number of participants and techniques of administrations. When establishing age-related norms, different methods of growth curve construction are used. We recommend methods that consider the complete data set and provide a code example. We suggest that the reliability of the tool should be documented not only as internal consistency but also using test–retest measures, ideally combined with interrater agreement. It is desirable that adaptations establish criterion validity against other measures of language development, such as structured tests, spontaneous language samples, or experimental methods. In summary, by critically reviewing the different adaptation strategies, the present review article provides guidance for teams that adapt the MB-CDI into new languages.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22661689
A human‐robot collaboration method for uncertain surface scanning
Authors: Zhao Guanyi , Zeng Chao , Si Weiyong , Yang Chenguang
Published: May 2023

Robots are increasingly expected to replace humans in many repetitive and high‐precision tasks, of which surface scanning is a typical example. However, it is usually difficult for a robot to independently deal with a surface scanning task with uncertainties in, for example the irregular surface shapes and surface properties. Moreover, it usually requires surface modelling with additional sensors, which might be time‐consuming and costly. A human‐robot collaboration‐based approach that allows a human user and a robot to assist each other in scanning uncertain surfaces with uniform properties, such as scanning human skin in ultrasound examination is proposed. In this approach, teleoperation is used to obtain the operator's intent while allowing the operator to operate remotely. After external force perception and friction estimation, the orientation of the robot end‐effector can be autonomously adjusted to keep as perpendicular to the surface as possible. Force control enables the robotic manipulator to maintain a constant contact force with the surface. And hybrid force/motion control ensures that force, position, and pose can be regulated without interfering with each other while reducing the operator's workload. The proposed method is validated using the Elite robot to perform a mock B‐ultrasound scanning experiment.
Secular dipole-dipole stability of magnetic binaries
Authors: Aykroyd C. , Bourgoin A. , Le Poncin-Lafitte C. , Mathis S. , Angonin M.-C.
Published: May 2023

Context. The presence of strong large-scale stable magnetic fields in a significant portion of early-type stars, white dwarfs, and neutron stars is well established. Despite this, the origins of these fields remain a subject of ongoing investigation, with theories including fossil fields, mergers, and shear-driven dynamos. One potential key for understanding the formation of these fields could lie in the connection between magnetism and binarity. Indeed, magnetism can play a significant role in the long-term orbital and precessional dynamics of binary systems. In gravitational wave astronomy, the advanced sensitivity of upcoming interferometric detectors such as LISA and the Einstein Telescope will enable the characterisation of the orbital inspirals of compact systems, including their magnetic properties. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of magnetism in these systems is necessary for the interpretation of the gravitational wave signals and to avoid bi the wdes in the calibration of instruments. This knowledge can additionally be used to create new magnetic population models and provide insight into the nature and origins of their internal magnetic fields.

Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate the secular spin precession dynamics of binary systems under pure magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, with a focus on stars with strong, stable, and predominantly dipolar fields.

Methods. We employed an orbit-averaging procedure for the spin precession equations from which we derived an effective secular description. By minimising the magnetic interaction energy of the system, we obtained the configurations of spin equilibrium and their respective stabilities. Finally, we also derived a set of conditions required for the validity of our assumptions to hold.

Results. We show that among the four states of equilibrium, there is a single secular state that is globally stable, corresponding to the configuration where the spin and magnetic axes of one star are reversed with respect to the companions’, and orthogonal to the orbital plane. Our results are compared to traditional methods of finding instantaneous states of equilibrium, in which orbital motion is generally neglected. Finally, we provide analytical solutions in the neighbourhood of the stable configuration, which can be used to derive secular orbital evolution in the context of gravitational wave astronomy.
The Challenges of Applying Ergonomics to Small Medium Enterprises
Authors: Lukiyanto Kukuh , Pratama Anang Ramadhan Feri , Ningrum Ifa Khoiria
Published: May 2023

One of the important roles of small medium enterprise (SMEs) is to contribute to solving challenges in the field of employment through the provision of employment. The uptake of labor in SMEs is not far inferior to large-scale industries. With the ease of access to information today, some business actors have begun to be aware of the role of ergonomics in the production aspect. This is inversely proportional to the condition of workers in the scope of SMEs. Workers in the SMEs sector have a sense of reluctance in doing ergonomics-based work principles. This research aims to review the work patterns carried out by workers at the SMEs level and investigate how workers understand ergonomic aspects and review the challenges of applying ergonomics in the future. This research was conducted using qualitative methods of phenomenology using deep interview techniques to several workers at the SMEs level. In this study also used triangulation against data obtained. The results showed that workers have a mini understanding of ergonomics-based work principles. The challenges of applying ergonomics in addition to being faced by the quality of human resources, including human factor aspects and sustainable risk management.
Multi Depot Vehicle Routing Problem and Geographical Information System Integration: Retail Stores Case Study
Authors: Wirawan Harries , Suharjito
Published: May 2023

The improper delivery route planning of multi depot and delivery assignment model leads the logistic operation in high travel distance and high distribution cost. This paper aim to explain the integration of multi depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP) and Geographical Information System (GIS) to obtain the optimum delivery route planning with minimum travel distance by using multi-objective mixed integer programming approach and visualize its delivery assignment with open-source public GIS integration. In this research, the coordinate location of the depots and the retail stores are obtained, process the raw data through mathematical programming, then integrate the delivery plan to GIS for vehicle routing visualization. To validate the proposed model, the primary data of a retail stores chain was used and the model was evaluated with sensitivity analysis, resulted optimum value of total travel distance in daily logistic operation.
A Comparative Analysis of Hazard Analysis Methods for Sustainable Energy Development
Authors: Sendy Sendy , Basaria Fransisca Tiur
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses the potential risks and dangers associated with the oil and gas industry. This industry is essential for meeting energy needs and generating foreign exchange income, but it also poses significant risks, such as accidents, fires, explosions, and environmental contamination. Neglected work and safety procedures can result in catastrophic economic losses and have far-reaching effects on society and the environment. The study describes three significant accidents in the industry that were caused by internal and external factors. In order to comprehend the causes of these incidents, this study suggests three risk analysis techniques: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, and Hazard and Operability Study. The paper asserts that by employing these methods, incident data can be obtained to enhance security and reduce the likelihood of future accidents. Overall, this study emphasizes the significance of safety measures, environmental management, and total quality management in the oil and gas industry in order to avoid fatal outcomes and environmental impacts.
The Composition and Role of Human Capital: A Descriptive Analysis of High-Tech Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Noerlina  , Mursitama Tirta Nugraha
Published: May 2023

This research aims to assess the state of human capital in companies in Indonesia's high-tech industry. The high-tech industry is important in Indonesia because it is a pillar of national development, but research in this field is still very limited. The descriptive approach is used in the research methodology, with the population or all components of the research subject serving as a data source. The population is drawn from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) manufacturing industry statistical dataset for manufacturing industries classified as high-tech in 2019. The findings show that Indonesia's high-tech industry is technologically advanced but still heavily reliant on financial resources. Many workers in this industry demonstrate the importance of human resources. With characteristics such as STEM-based human resources, high-tech production processes, or the production of high-tech products, the condition of workers in this industry is primarily absorbed in the production department. The average foreign worker in the production sector is 0.31%, while the average foreign worker in the office sector is 1.05%. More research is needed to determine the impact of these workers' composition on company performance in the high-tech industry.
Design of Computer-Aided-Diagnosis (CAD) for Self- Assessment Tuberculosis in Indonesia
Authors: Asadi Faisal , Trinugroho Joko Pebrianto , Pardamean Bens
Published: May 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the highest causes of death in Indonesia. The main reason is lack of the health facilities. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a tool for early treatment and screening of many diseases, including TB. This paper proposed a design of a CAD system in Indonesia specifically for TB. The design gives the analysis of self-assessment concepts, use-case diagrams, and black-box diagrams. The black box utilizes chest x-ray (CXR) data for the medical image processing (MIP) method, and artificial intelligence (AI) for classification and visualization of the TB. This CAD design of self-assessment of TB has a capability to help the health practitioners read and interpret the diagnosis result more easily.
Impact Analysis of PT. XYZ’s MNC Business Process on Point 3, 6, and 13 Sustainable Development Goals (Case Study of Land and Forest Fires in Related Regency West Kalimantan)
Authors: Souvenira Eva , Affandi Roseno Aji
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the impact of MNC's business processes on points 3, 6, and 13 of the Sustainable Development Goals, where the SDGs are a global action plan for people, planet, and well-being, where world leaders including Indonesia have agreed with it. The focus in this research is MNC PT.XYZ, who is engaged in oil palm plantations in Related Regency, West Kalimantan, who is involved in forest and land fires, either intentionally for clearing new land, or unintentionally as a result of the company's negligence that did not pay attention to land conditions, especially during the dry season. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The data used in this research is primary data through interviews and secondary data through books, scientific journals, and news. Through this research, it can be seen that the business process of PT.XYZ has an impact on point 3 SDGs namely public health, point 6 SDGs namely clean water, and point 13 SDGs namely climate change based on cases of forest and land fires in Related Regency West Kalimantan.
The Effects of Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, and Computer Self-Efficacy on e-Nofa Application User Satisfaction
Authors: Rachmi Ismi Fathia , Asta Fahrul Reviki , Kartiko Nafis Dwi
Published: May 2023

This research aims to find out the effect of Perceived Ease of Use, the effect of Perceived Usefulness, and the Effect of Self-Efficacy on taxable entrepreneur for VAT purposes satisfaction in using e-Nofa. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a tool that can be used to forecast satisfaction. This research is used to determine the satisfaction of users of information systems in (Mandatory Environment). The number of samples is 100 respondents. This research method uses a questionnaire as data collection, and multiple linear regression analysis is used as an analytical technique. Then the results of this study are variables of Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Computer Self-Efficacy significantly affect the satisfaction of Taxable Entrepreneur for VAT Purposes in the Jakarta area in using e-Nofa.
To Learn, Unlearn, and Relearn with Personalized Language Learning and Educational Technology
Authors: Maheswara Abyana , Rifai Irfan
Published: May 2023

The implementation of Personalized Learning as a learning system provides opportunities for students to manage learning according to their competencies, time, and interests. It has emerged as a trend in K-12 classes in the United States and the United Kingdom, but not that much in higher education. Thus, little research has examined higher education students' transition from conventional to personalized language learning. Students must unlearn and adapt to personalized learning. This research reports the experience of a private university students who chose to do personalized learning system. We examined their learning methods, including technology's effects. Based on a semi-structured interview held with 15 students, data were qualitatively collected on the participants' impression of the system and the technology incorporated to support their learning. The interview suggests that most participants integrate personalized learning and use educational technology to support it. To achieve the same goal, they were situated to unlearn the conventional structured system and relearn the new system provided in personalized learning. The participants claimed that personalized learning supports them in improving their self-management, taking care of non-academics matters, and flexibility in learning based on their competencies and interest. Personalized language learning, with the support of technology, has the potential to be the future of institutional foreign language learning.
Utilization of ICT in Japanese Language Learning During the Covid 19 Pandemic: Case Study of Japanese in Use I Courses
Authors: Astami Timur Sri , Novella Utari , Unsriana Linda
Published: May 2023

Studying during the covid 19 pandemic in Bina Nusantara University Institution, which previously was carried out with a face-to-face system, became online distance learning using zoom. This is a challenge in itself since it is related to communicative competence, where the students’ speaking skills are required to advance in the final result. This study uses a qualitative method by sharing questionnaires with 46 respondents taking up Japanese in Use I courses to find out their responses on the utilization of ICT. This study is an introductory study on how ICT helps respondents enhance their speaking skills to the basic level 1. Every ICT media used in the studies has its own advantages and disadvantages. While audio focuses more on listening, visual serves to clarify the material, while audio-visual is a combination of sound and image to make understanding objects or materials easier, print media is a reference source. Most of the respondents choose to use audio-visual ICT media because it has complete features using audio and visual. In addition, the influence of the rapid development of technology makes it easier for respondents to access media according to their learning interests.
Exploring Covid-19 Hoaxes in the Post Pandemic Society
Authors: Fauziah Ristianti Nur , Karjo Clara Herlina
Published: May 2023

The world is currently being affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, which has caused major changes in societies. To lessen the woes of the global pandemic, a change is required for the survival of life. The post-pandemic period of society 5.0 has resulted in everything being totally digital and it has become increasingly dependent on the internet especially in the term of communication and discovering information. In this pandemic situation, there is a lot of information gained from social media that raises the topic of Covid-19 which leads to hoaxing. The problem formulations of this study are, first what are the structure and categories of Covid-19 hoaxes on the internet? Second, how are those hoaxes countered? The researcher uses qualitative methods. To get the data, the researcher took several posts in social media especially Twitter and Facebook, the post leads to Covid-19 hoaxes in order to analyze the structure and category of hoaxes. Using Rahadi’s theory, this study revealed 3 out of 7 types of hoaxes, which were: Hoax containing fake news, 2) Hoax containing misinformation, 3) Hoax containing Post-truth. This study aims to raise people's awareness in order to interpret the rampant hoaxes in daily life.
The Effect of Technology Readiness, Digital Competence, Perceived Usefulness, and Ease of Use on Accounting Students Artificial Intelligence Technology Adoption
Authors: Sudaryanto Miftah Rizqullah , Hendrawan Muhammad Aditya , Andrian Tommy
Published: May 2023

The research aims to determine the effect of technology readiness, digital competence, perceived usefulness, and ease of use on accounting students' artificial intelligence technology adoption. This study uses quantitative methods using a questionnaire with 44 items. The research uses convenience sampling technique, in which the research has a sample of 152 respondents from accounting students who are currently studying at universities in West Jakarta, Indonesia. This study uses the Partial Least Square Path Modeling (PLS-PM) approach to analyze the collected data. This study indicates that perceived ease of use and usefulness significantly affect artificial intelligence technology adoption. However, digital competence and technology readiness does not affect artificial intelligence technology adoption. Professionals in the accounting field believe artificial intelligence will have a significant role in the future. Accounting students need to prepare themselves for when learning artificial intelligence becomes a must.
Multi-year analysis of the fish colonisation dynamic in three newly installed fishways in medium sized Belgian rivers
Authors: Gelder Justine , Benitez Jean-Philippe , Ovidio Michaël
Published: May 2023

The temporal dynamic use of newly installed fishways after a reopening event is not well known as most studies are not performed just after the opening and are generally limited to a single season or year. We carried out monitoring of three fishways for several consecutive years on three rivers in Belgium from the date of their opening. To identify the colonisation dynamics of fish species, we analysed temporal patterns in specific diversity, abundance, biomass, and associated environmental conditions. We detected different capture peaks and the appearance of new species several years after opening the migratory axis (up to 8 years post-opening). The dynamic of colonization showed that the same species may migrate earlier or later depending on the river. The analysis of the periodicity of capture indicated that some species made movements throughout the year while others at more precise periods. Moreover, the periodicity of movements was either stable or fluctuating over the year of monitoring, depending on the species. Our results highlight the importance of long-term monitoring to detect temporal dynamics in fish colonisation, allowing to improve our understanding of the opening effect of a migratory axis.
Hemorrhoids as a risk factor for colorectal adenomas on colonoscopy
Authors: Toyoshima Osamu , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Yoshida Shuntaro , Matsuno Tatsuya , Miyoshi Kotaro , Naito Eri , Shiomi Chihiro , Uozumi Takeshi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Saito Yutaka
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims Colorectal premalignant polyps and hemorrhoids are important findings in colonoscopy; however, the association between them is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the association between the presence and severity of hemorrhoids and the detection of precancerous colorectal polyps on colonoscopy.

Patients and methods This retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study enrolled patients who underwent colonoscopy at Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic between May 2017 and October 2020. The association between hemorrhoids and other outcomes (patient age, sex, withdrawal time for colonoscopy, expert endoscopist, number of adenomas per colonoscopy, detection rates of adenoma, advanced neoplasia, clinically significant serrated polyp, and sessile serrated lesion) was assessed using a binomial logistic regression model.

Results A total of 12,408 patients were enrolled in this study. Hemorrhoids were identified in 1,863 patients. Univariable analysis showed that patients with hemorrhoids were older (61.0 vs. 52.5 years, P < 0.001), had a higher number of adenomas per colonoscopy (1.16 vs. 0.756, P < 0.001) than those without hemorrhoids. Multivariable analyses also demonstrated that hemorrhoids were associated with a higher number of adenomas per colonoscopy (odds ratio [OR]: 1.061; P = 0.002), regardless of patient age, sex, and expert endoscopist. Among patients with hemorrhoids, severe hemorrhoids with a mucosal elevation ≥ 10 mm were associated with a higher number of adenomas per colonoscopy than mild hemorrhoids (OR: 1.112, P = 0.044), regardless of patient age, sex, and expert endoscopist.

Conclusions Hemorrhoids, especially severe ones, are associated with a high number of adenomas. Complete colonoscopy should be performed in patients with hemorrhoids.
Pt(II)-Bisacetylide ‘Roller Wheels’: Molecular Engineering towards Small Bandgap, High Crystallinity, and Controlled Triplet Exciton Processes
Authors: Qin Yang
Published: May 2023

Triplet excitons are ubiquitous in organic chromophores and possess intrinsically longer lifetimes than their singlet exciton counterparts, and thus potentially larger diffusion lengths that have been considered beneficial for organic solar cells (OSCs). However, existing triplet-generating materials rarely possess low bandgap, high triplet energy and yield, and good crystallinity and charge mobility within a single compound. In this Account, I first describe the rationales behind our ‘roller-wheel’-type molecular structural designs through a brief literature survey and our initial attempt in Pt-containing conjugated polymers. Then, a series of novel Pt-bisacetylide-containing small molecules will be discussed. I mainly focus on the thought process for selecting the building blocks and detail their synthetic strategies, as well as their solid-state structures, especially that of the single crystals, confirming the effectiveness of our structural designs. Next, photophysical properties of these compounds are discussed in the context of optical spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy, which is corroborated by theoretical calculations. Organic solar cells employing these compounds are introduced next, one of which displayed record-setting performance among Pt-containing materials. I end this Account with an outlook on future works with a focus on molecular engineering to control triplet excited-state energetics and dynamics.

1 Introduction

2 Initial Attempt

3 Rationale of Design

4 Synthesis of ‘Roller Wheels’

5 Solid-State Structures of ‘Roller Wheels’

6 Photophysical Studies

7 Theoretical Investigation

8 Device Application

9 Outlook – Managing Triplet Excited States
Copper-(Photo)Catalyzed Radical Reactions with Organic Halides
Authors: Evano Gwilherm , Theunissen Cédric
Published: May 2023

Copper is one of the most efficient and attractive metals for catalysis. In addition to their availability, low cost and limited toxicity, copper complexes are utilized to catalyze a broad variety of reactions, including examples involving radicals. For such reactions, organic halides are by far the most versatile and attractive substrates. Our contributions to the catalysis of radical reactions from organic halides with copper complexes are summarized in this account.

1 Introduction

2 Copper-Catalyzed Radical Cross-Coupling Reactions

3 Copper-Catalyzed Radical Reactions

4 Copper-Catalyzed Radical Carbonylative Cross-Coupling Reactions

5 Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Radical Reactions

6 Conclusions and Outlook
Association of Heart Transplant Volume with Presence of Lung Transplant Programs and Heart Transplant’s SRTR One-year Survival Rating
Authors: Rosen Jake L. , Ahmad Danial , Uphadyaya Anjali , Brodie Andrew T. , Gaw Gabriel , Rajapreyar Indranee , Rame J. Eduardo , Alvarez Rene J. , Rajagopal Keshava , Entwistle John W. , Massey Howard T. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang
Published: May 2023

Background Several factors affect heart transplant (HTx) and lung transplant (LTx) program outcomes. Variabilities in institutional and community characteristics have been shown to influence survival. At present, half of HTx centers in the United States do not possess a concomitant LTx program. This study sought to better understand the characteristics of HTx with and without LTx programs.

Methods Nationwide transplant data were collected from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) in August 2020. SRTR star rating ranges from tier 1 (lowest) to tier 5 (highest). HTx volumes and SRTR star ratings for survival were compared between the centers with heart-only (H0) programs and the centers with heart-lung (HL) programs.

Results SRTR star ratings were available for 117 transplant centers with one or more HTx reported. The median number of HTx performed over 1 year was 16 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–29). The number of HL centers (n = 67, 57.3%) were comparable to H0 centers (n = 50, 42.7%; p = 0.14). The HTx volume at the HL centers (28 [IQR: 17–41]) exceeded the HTx volume at the H0 centers (13 [IQR: 9–23]; p < 0.01), but were comparable to the LTx volume at the HL centers (31 [IQR: 16–46]; p = 0.25). The median HTx one-year survival rating was 3 (IQR: 2–4) at both the H0 and HL centers (p = 0.85). The HTx and LTx volumes were positively associated with the respective 1-year survivals (p < 0.01).

Conclusion While the presence of an LTx program is not directly associated with HTx survival, it has a positive association with the HTx volume. The HTx and LTx volumes are positively associated with the 1-year survival.
Effectiveness of Structured Exercise Intervention in Cancer-Related Fatigue among Oral Cavity Cancer Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Satish Madhavan Sasidharan , Vidhubala E , Veeraiah Surendran , Vijay Srinivasan , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Selvaluxmy Ganesharajah
Published: May 2023

Introduction In head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, fatigue is present throughout the course of treatment and during follow-up. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a significant treatment-related side effect experienced by oral cancer patients during and after treatment. CRF, when coupled with other side effects of oral cavity cancer, patients who undergo definitive treatment have some of the most dramatic acute side effects, and reduced overall quality of life (QoL). Although there are upcoming intervention strategies to manage CRF, the effect of exercise intervention is explored in this study. The rationale for considering exercise to manage CRF is that it may alleviate the combined effect of toxic treatment and decreased levels of activity during the treatment that reduces the capacity for physical performance.

Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of exercise intervention on CRF, and its influence on functional capacity and QoL among patients with oral cavity cancer during and after their primary cancer treatment.

Materials and Methods Oral cavity cancer patients (n = 223), planned for only chemoradiotherapy with curative intent were screened for CRF. Based on the inclusion criteria, 69 patients were grouped randomly into experimental (n = 35) and control (n = 34) groups. Patients in the experimental group were provided structured exercise intervention, while the control group was offered standard and routine care. Structured exercise in this present study comprised moderate-intensity walking and resistance exercises using TheraBand every day for three to five times a week. CRF was assessed using symbolic assessment of fatigue extent and the functional capacity was assessed by 6-minute walk test (6MWT), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and hand dynamometer. QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer-QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Head and Neck Cancer module (HN35), while distress was assessed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Distress Thermometer. Randomized patients were assessed at four points.

Result The size effects in fatigue extent (ηp

2 = 0.40) and fatigue impact (ηp

2 = 0.41) were found to be moderate, and a positive correlation between 6MWT, fatigue extent, and fatigue impact was observed.

Conclusion This study suggests that exercise intervention has a significant positive impact on CRF, most aspects of QoL, and the functional capacity of the patients.
Cardiac Surgery 2022 Reviewed
Authors: Doenst Torsten , Schneider Ulrich , Caldonazo Tulio , Toshmatov Sultonbek , Diab Mahmoud , Siemeni Thierry , Färber Gloria , Kirov Hristo
Published: May 2023

PubMed displayed almost 37,000 hits for the search term “cardiac surgery AND 2022.” As before, we used the PRISMA approach and selected relevant publications for a results-oriented summary. We focused on coronary and conventional valve surgery, their overlap with interventional alternatives, and briefly assessed surgery for aorta or terminal heart failure. In the field of coronary artery disease (CAD), key manuscripts addressed prognostic implications of invasive treatment options, classically compared modern interventions (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]) with surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]), and addressed technical aspects of CABG. The general direction in 2022 confirms the superiority of CABG over PCI in patients with anatomically complex chronic CAD and supports an infarct-preventative effect as underlying mechanism. In addition, the relevance of proper surgical technique to achieve durable graft patency and the need for optimal medical treatment in CABG patients was impressively illustrated. In structural heart disease, the comparisons of interventional and surgical techniques have been characterized by prognostic and mechanistic investigations underscoring the need for durable treatment effects and reductions of valve-related complications. Early surgery for most valve pathologies appears to provide significant survival advantages, and two publications on the Ross operation prototypically illustrate an inverse association between long-term survival and valve-related complications. For surgical treatment of heart failure, the first xenotransplantation was certainly dominant, and in the aortic surgery field, innovations in arch surgery prevailed. This article summarizes publications perceived as important by us. It cannot be complete nor free of individual interpretation, but provides up-to-date information for decision-making and patient information.
Temporal dynamics of faculty hiring in mathematics
Authors: FitzGerald Cody , Huang Yitong , Leisman Katelyn Plaisier , Topaz Chad M.
Published: May 2023

University faculty hiring networks are known to be hierarchical and to exacerbate various types of inequity. Still, a detailed, historical understanding of hiring dynamics lacks in many academic fields. We focus on the field of mathematics, analyzing over 120,000 records from 150 institutions over seven decades to elucidate the temporal dynamics of hiring doctoral-granting (DG) faculty at the individual and departmental levels. We demonstrate that the disparity between the number of mathematics Ph.D.s awarded and the number of DG faculty positions filled has grown over time. Even institutions with the best records of DG faculty placement have experienced a temporal decline in the probability of their graduates obtaining a DG faculty position. By quantifying the mathematical prestige of each department with a network statistic, authority centrality, we find an approximately linear relationship between the log of the prestige of one’s Ph.D. institution and the log of the probability of obtaining a faculty position. Moreover, we observe associations suggesting that the probability of DG faculty placement has decreased over time and is smaller for women than for men. On the departmental level, a group of 14 elite departments dominated the authority centrality of the entire network between 1950 and 2019. Strikingly, one department within this elite group increased its centrality scores consistently, which hints at the possibility for a department to improve its prestige. This analysis highlights the challenges of transitioning from Ph.D. holder to faculty member in mathematics.
Hydrogen sorption by nanostructures at low temperatures (Review article)
Authors: Vinnikov N. A. , Dolbin A. V. , Khlistyuck M. V.
Published: May 2023

The features of hydrogen sorption by a wide range of nanostructures — fullerite C60, carbon nanotubes, graphene structures, nanodispersed carbon, including Pd-containing nanoclusters, ordered silicon-oxide-based nanostructures (the MCM-41 family) and silicon-oxide aerogel — have been reviewed. Special attention is given to the sorption characteristics of carbon nanostructures that have been exposed to various modifying treatments (oxidation, gamma-ray irradiation in gas atmosphere, action of pulsed high frequency gas discharge). Two mechanisms of physical low-temperature sorption of hydrogen have been revealed to predominate in such nanostructures in different temperature intervals. At the lowest temperatures (8–12 K), the sorption can actually proceed without thermal activation: it is realized through the tunnel motion of hydrogen molecules along the nanostructure surfaces. The periodic structure of the potential relief, allowed by the surface frame of carbon and silicon-oxide nanostructures, along the rather low interpit barriers are beneficial for the formation of low-dimensional (including quantum) hydrogen-molecule systems practically without thermally activated diffusion. In such nanostructures, the hydrogen diffusion coefficients are actually independent of temperature at 8–12 K. At higher temperatures (12–295 K), a thermally activated mechanism of hydrogen diffusion prevails. The periodic structure of fullerite C60 contains periodic interstitial cavities, separated by rather low potential barriers. Their sizes are sufficient to accommodate impurity hydrogen molecules and, thus, allow diffusion processes, which can also have a tunnel nature. It is shown that gamma-irradiation and high-frequency gas discharge processing increase markedly the quantity of hydrogen strongly bonded to carbon nanostructures.
Phase structures and interaction of BEDT-TTF molecules
Authors: Trotskii E. M. , Syrkin E. S. , Lykah V. O.
Published: May 2023

Structural phases in crystal BEDT-TTF under the influence of doping molecules were studied. The system demonstrates the transition from a parallel aligned molecular phase (β-phase) to a new equilibrium state, where the molecules are rotated at a certain angle (α- or θ-phase). The precursor of this transition is the electrostatic and quadrupole interaction between BEDT-TTF and doping molecules. The modified potential of the Girifalco type is introduced, it depends on both intermolecular distance and the angle of the molecular rotation. It is found that the equilibrium distance between molecules in a stack increases and the deflection angle arises with an increase of the charge of doping molecules, which leads to new equilibrium states.
In situ observation of the nanosecond two-dimensional surface charge evolution during the process of a surface discharge streamer
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Xin , Lv Zepeng , Wang Xinyan , Wu Zhenyu , Meng Yongpeng , Wu Kai
Published: May 2023

A surface streamer is a ubiquitous discharge in electric equipment and surface dielectric barrier discharge. It is expected to suppress this kind of surface discharge in the insulation system, but on the other hand, the surface streamer is also utilized for the generation of active ions and the control of a gas kinetic distribution. As a product of the surface streamer, surface charge influences and characterizes the streamer's behavior. This study observed the two-dimensional transient evolution of the surface charge and the tangential electric field in a single individual surface streamer at the nanosecond level. Using a reflective Pockels effect system and a framing camera system, the surface streamer propagation under a sub-microsecond pulse voltage was measured in real time and in situ. The inception, propagation, and deceleration of a surface streamer are observed. The measurement exhibits an electrode-charge equipotential region that equivalently extends the electrode boundary. Under an anode field with a weak tangential component, the interior of the surface streamer channel exhibits local deviations from the quasi-neutrality, and a reversed tangential electric field is observed. The lateral movement of the positive charge may be responsible for this reverse electric field. The diagnostic technique presented in this study can describe the surface charge transient behavior in pulsed surface discharges, which complements the streamer model.
The effects of pre-plasma scale length on the relativistic electron beam directionality
Authors: Park Jaebum , Jiang S. , Divol L. , Nagel S. R. , Andrews D. S. , Hazi A. U. , Marley E. V. , Kerr S. , Shepherd R. , Williams G. J. , Baldis H. A. , Chen Hui
Published: May 2023

The effects of pre-plasmas on the electron beam directionality was experimentally and numerically investigated. Single material and layered targets made of Ti and/or CH were used to simultaneously measure high-energy (≥3 MeV) electrons along two directions, pre-pulse energy and pre-plasma density. The electron directionality is quantified by using a new parameter, the electron energy ratio of the total kinetic energies along the two directions. Measurements and radiation–hydrodynamic (RH) simulations show that a large (≥3.5 μm) plasma scale length at the critical surface enhances electrons along the laser axis, and such pre-plasma conditions could only be achieved with the CH targets. Particle-in-cell simulations were performed on the RH generated pre-plasmas from Ti and CH targets, and the results show that the CH target provided conditions for higher forward momentum gains by electrons. First, the CH target allowed longer distances for electrons to interact with laser. Second, the intense laser pulse modified the critical surface, but the resulting surface differed. The CH target resulted in a smooth surface where a retro-reflection was observed while the Ti target resulted in a rippled surface that scattered the reflected light. As results, the CH electrons gained higher forward momentum via a direct-laser-acceleration in the counter propagating laser fields. The results presented in this article show a way of controlling the high-energy electron directionality.
Ground state degeneracy on torus in a family of ZN toric code
Authors: Watanabe Haruki , Cheng Meng , Fuji Yohei
Published: May 2023

Topologically ordered phases in 2 + 1 dimensions are generally characterized by three mutually related features: fractionalized (anyonic) excitations, topological entanglement entropy, and robust ground state degeneracy that does not require symmetry protection or spontaneous symmetry breaking. Such a degeneracy is known as topological degeneracy and can be usually seen under the periodic boundary condition regardless of the choice of the system sizes L1 and L2 in each direction. In this work, we introduce a family of extensions of the Kitaev toric code to N level spins (N ≥ 2). The model realizes topologically ordered phases or symmetry-protected topological phases depending on the parameters in the model. The most remarkable feature of topologically ordered phases is that the ground state may be unique, depending on L1 and L2, despite that the translation symmetry of the model remains unbroken. Nonetheless, the topological entanglement entropy takes the nontrivial value. We argue that this behavior originates from the nontrivial action of translations permuting anyon species.
Geometric construction of classes in van Daele’s K-theory
Authors: Joseph Collin Mark , Meyer Ralf
Published: May 2023

We describe explicit generators for the “real” K-theory of “real” spheres in van Daele’s picture. Pulling these generators back along suitable maps from tori to spheres produces a family of Hamiltonians used in the physics literature on topological insulators. We compute their K-theory classes geometrically based on the wrong-way functoriality of K-theory and the geometric version of bivariant K-theory, which we extend to the “real” case.
Critical Review of Transport Properties of HCl, KOH, and NaOH in High Temperature Water and Correlations for Transport Properties of H3O+ and OH−
Authors: Arcis Hugues , Lee Christopher A. , Zimmerman Gregory H. , Tremaine Peter R.
Published: May 2023

High-temperature tracer diffusion coefficients for H3O+ and OH− are important parameters in the modeling of diffusion-controlled reaction kinetics and mass transport processes under hydrothermal conditions, and these tracer diffusion coefficients are directly related to the ionic electrical conductivities in the limit of infinite dilution through the Nernst–Einstein relationship. The limiting conductivity of H3O+ and OH− in water is controlled by two separate mechanisms of ionic movement: (i) the bulk ionic diffusion and (ii) proton hopping, also known as “Grotthuss” mechanism and/or “prototropic transfer.” This work reports a critical assessment of the limiting electrical conductivity data (Λ°) for aqueous HCl, KOH, and NaOH measured above room temperature. The initial assessed dataset included temperatures from 273.15 K up to 873.15 K and water densities from 1000 kg m−3 down to 270 kg m−3 and was reduced down to a final critically evaluated dataset spanning temperatures between 273.15 and 678.15 K and densities between 346 and 1006 kg m−3. The results were used to derive values for the excess conductivity due to prototropic transfer, λE°, of H3O+ and OH− using correlations previously reported for aqueous KCl. Simple empirical correlations of water viscosity and density were derived for Λ°(HCl), Λ°(KOH), Λ°(NaOH), λE°(H3O+), and λE°(OH−). Tests using the λE°(OH−) correlation and a previously reported function for Λ°(NaCl) show that the NaOH data can be accurately reproduced to within the estimated uncertainties. The reported correlations provide a means to model more accurately the tracer diffusion coefficients for H3O+ and OH− to supercritical conditions.