bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population characters and new records of emerald ash borer Argrilus planipennis Fairm. (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)in saint petersburg in 2022
Authors: Selikhovkin A. V , Volkovitsh M. G , Kazi I. M , Popovichev B. G , Osechkina T. A
Published: April 2024

Studies of the secondary population of the European ash borer Agrilus planipennis (EAB) in St. Petersburg and its surroundings were continued. The obtained data show that the population is persisting in St. Petersburg. The danger of mass destruction of ash stands, the role of which in the structure of urban plantatings is very important, still exists. Felling of infested trees in the two detected outbreak locations stopped further reproduction of EAB in these areas. In three other loci, the reproduction of the wood borer continues. Repeated examination of model trees in the outbreak site in Nevskii District showed an increase of the pest population density. The survival rate of EAB remained approximately at the same level as in 2020. The population density increases with the height of the infested tree trunk area. The role of parasitoids is insigni cant. The infested wood simultaneously contained pest at all stages of development - larvae, pupae and adults. Apparently the life cycle of EAB in St. Petersburg to a large extent depends on weather conditions and the microhabitat features; an increase in the sum of e ective temperatures is a key factor for its successful development. Symptoms of colonization by the pest (exit holes) appear only after the rst beetles’ emergence, a signi cant part of the individuals remains in the wood at the larval and pupal stages. Therefore, the timely detection, cleaning and destruction of trees with exit holes is the main tool for controlling the EAB spread. An e ective auxiliary measure would be the introduction of the parasitoids of this pest, which are currently practically absent in the local EAB population. Constant monitoring of ash trees is necessary, primarily in the known localities where pest appeared in Petrodvortsovyi and Nevskii districts. For a principal solving the problem of the further EAB spreading control, the active involvement of all municipal and federal management structures responsible for city plantings is necessary.
A new genus, new subgenera and species of the planthopper tribe Delphacini (Homoptera, Delphacidae) from the palaearctic fauna
Authors: Emeljanov A. F
Published: April 2024

A new genus Lepto oria gen. n. is erected with the type species Delphax leptosoma Flor, 1861, presently placed in the genus Florodelphax Vilbaste, 1968 with the type species Delphax paryphasma Flor, 1861. Delphax paryphasma is returned to the genus Struebingianella W. Wagner, 1963, thus Florodelphax is synonymized with this genus, and a new synonymy is established: Struebingianella W. Wagner, 1963 = Florodelphax Vilbaste, 1968, syn. n. Two new subgenera are described in the genus Unkanodes Fennah, 1956, - Parapate subgen. n. with the type species Calligypona latespinosa Dlabola, and Pliapate subgen. n. with the type species Elymodelphax tanasijevici Dlabola. New species Thymalops erianthi sp. n. from Middle Asia and Eurysa lugubris sp. n. from Middle Asia and the Caucasus are described.
Evidence of high tolerance to shortterm freezing in overwintering mosquitoes Culex territans Walker (Diptera, Culicidae)
Authors: Razygraev A. V
Published: April 2024

Previously, other authors recognized that Culex territans Walker females are active at relatively low temperatures after overwintering and able to complete their first gonotrophic cycle at temperatures close to +4 °C. The present study revealed relatively high tolerance of diapausing Cx. territans females, collected from near-entrance parts of caves, to short-term freezing (20-30 min at -9…-11 °C). In experiment, the proportion of alive individuals among Cx. territans after short-term freezing was higher than that among Cx. pipiens/torrentium collected simultaneously with Cx. territans from the same hibernacula. The significant difference is revealed when Cx. territans is compared with Cx. pipiens L. only, but is not revealed in comparison of Cx. territans with Cx. torrentium Martini (although the proportions of alive individuals among Cx. pipiens and Cx. torrentium were similar). Therefore, we obtained the direct support of the hypothesis that female imagines of Cx. territans are adapted to low temperatures. Obviously, there are special physiological mechanisms in overwintering Cx . territans females underlying their tolerance to short-term freezing.
New data on the phenology and host plants of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in the south of Primorskii territory
Authors: Kuleshov D. A , Shamaev A. V
Published: April 2024

New host plants of Epiclytus ussuricus (Pic, 1933) were discovered - Maksimovich’s rosehip ( Rosa maximowicziana ) and Siberian elm ( Ulmus pumila ). New data on host plants and phenology in the Southern Primorskii Territory are presented for rare species of the longhorn-beetle genera Amarysius , Epiclytus , Exocentrus and Ropalopus .
New records of leafhoppers of the tribe Idiocerini (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) from Sudan
Authors: Gnezdilov V. M.
Published: April 2024

Two species of the tribe Idiocerini (Cicadellidae, Eurymelinae), Theronopus spicatus (Webb, 1976) and Kopamerra truncata (Webb, 1975), are recorded for the rst time from Sudan. The species were collected in Kassala Province of Eastern Sudan.
New data on the thrips (Thysanoptera) fauna of Yakutia
Authors: Evdokarova T. G. , Afanasieva E. A.
Published: April 2024

New data are presented on two invasive species of thrips in Yakutia: Frankliniella lilivora Kurosawa, 1937, new to the fauna of Russia, and Liothrips vaneeckei Priesner, 1920, new to the fauna of Yakutia. Morphological description of F. lilivora , speci c to lily bulbs, and a key to the Russian Frankliniella species are provided.
Jewel beetle Anthaxia (Cratomerus) scorzonerae (Frivaldszky, 1837) (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) - a new species to the Russian fauna
Authors: Volkovitsh M. G. , Sergienko V. N.
Published: April 2024

The rst to the Russian fauna record of the jewel beetle Anthaxia ( Cratomerus ) scorzonerae (Frivaldszky, 1837) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Volgograd Province and its comparison with the closely related A. ( C. ). diadema (Fischer von Waldheim, 1824) are presente d. The images of both species with photographs of the biotopes and map of locations of A. scorzonerae in Volgograd Province are given.
Diptera of Yakutia. Lower Brachycera: Athericidae, Xylophagidae and Rhagionidae (Diptera) with description of a new species of the genus Chrysopilus Macquart
Authors: Nartshuk E. P. , Bagachanova A. K.
Published: April 2024

A review of the Diptera families Athericidae, Xylophagidae and Rhagionidae of the fauna of Yakutia is presented for the rst time. A new species Chrysopilus czekanovskyi sp. n. is described. The annotated list comprises 17 species (Athericidae - 1, Xylophagidae - 1, Rhagionidae - 15) with data on the localities, dates of collecting, and general distribution. Most species are found in Yakutia and in East Siberia for the rst time. All localities are dotted on the map of Yakutia.
Type specimens of the family Xylomyidae (Diptera) in the collection of the zoological institute of the Russian academy of sciences in St. Petersburg
Authors: Nartshuk E. P. , Paramonov N. M. , Suleymanova G. M.
Published: April 2024

A catalog of types (holotypes, paratypes, lectotypes, paralectotypes) of species of the family Xylomyidae (Diptera) described by Th. Pleske and N. P. Krivosheina, which are stored in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, is presented. Photographs of specimens and labels of holotypes and a lectotype are given.
Homage to Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin (1923-2012)
Authors: Volkovitsh M. G. , Moseyko A. G. , Meleshko J. Ye. , Konstantinov A. S.
Published: April 2024

The biography and academic career of I. K. Lopatin are brie y described, some corrections and additions to the list of taxa described by him are made, and several his latest publications are added to the list. Previously unknown photographs documenting aspects of I. K. Lopatin’s life are provided.
Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Evaporation of the High- and Low-Melting-Point Anode Materials on Parameters of a Microarc Discharge
Authors: Saifutdinov A. I. , Germanov N. P. , Sorokina A. R. , Saifutdinova A. A.
Published: April 2024

We present the results of numerical studies of the influence of evaporation of anode material on the main characteristics of an arc discharge. Calculations were carried out for an arc discharge in helium as a buffer gas with high-melting-point (using graphite as an example) and low-melting-point (using copper as an example) anodes. The dependences of the main arc-discharge parameters on current density are presented. It is demonstrated that intense evaporation of particles of the anode material into the discharge gap occurs upon reaching the melting point of the anode surface. As a result, the plasma-forming ion is replaced, i.e., the carbon ion in the case of the graphite anode or a copper ion in the case of the copper anode becomes dominant. In the process, a jump in the potential is observed in the dependence of voltage on current density (the volt–ampere characteristic, VAC). Distribution of the main plasma parameters along the discharge gap is presented for different points in the VAC.
Real-Time Plasma Magnetic Control System
with Equilibrium Reconstruction Algorithm in the Feedback
for the Globus-M2 Tokamak
Authors: Konkov A. E. , Korenev P. S. , Mitrishkin Yu. V. , Balachenkov I. M. , Kiselev E. O.
Published: April 2024

To control the plasma shape during a tokamak discharge, it is necessary to calculate the plasmashape in real-time. The rate requirements for the shape calculations are especially high for tokamaks with asmall radius, such as Globus-M2 (St. Petersburg, Russia). A real-time magnetic plasma control system forthe Globus-M2 tokamak with flux and current distribution identification (FCDI) algorithm for the plasmaequilibrium reconstruction in feedback is presented. The control system contains discrete one-dimensionaland matrix proportional-integral-derivative controllers synthesized by the matrix inequality method usingthe plasma LPV model calculated on experimental data, and carries out the coordinated control of the plasmaposition and shape as well as the compensation for the scattered field of the central solenoid. The FCDI algorithmis improved for the operation in the real-time mode, and makes it possible to reconstruct the plasmashape in 20 μs. The digital control system with a feedback algorithm was simulated on a real-time test bench,consisting of two Speedgoat Performance Real-Time Target Machines (RTTM), and demonstrated the averageTask Execution Time (TET) value in 67 μs.
Plasma Ion Velocity Distribution Function Perturbed by Ion-Acoustic Solitons: Analytical Calculations Based on KDV Equation
Authors: Trukhachev F. M. , Gerasimenko N. V. , Vasiliev M. M. , Petrov O. F.
Published: April 2024

Using the Korteweg–De Vries equation, for background plasma, the distribution functions perturbed by ion-acoustic solitons are calculated. For describing the perturbed distribution functions, the explicit formula is obtained, which is suitable for practical applications. The results are compared with the analytical calculations and simulation results obtained previously.
Nonlinear Dust Acoustic Waves in Exosphere of Mercury
Authors: Izvekova Yu. N. , Popel S. I. , Golub’ A. P.
Published: April 2024

The exosphere of Mercury, which has much in common with the exosphere of the Moon, can also contain suspended dust particles, which, under the action of intense solar radiation, acquire positive charges and form one of the components of the dusty plasma system. In addition to dust particles, there are photoelectrons above the planet surface, formed as a result of interaction of solar radiation with the planet surface, as well as with suspended dust particles. Mercury, unlike the Moon, has its own magnetosphere, which affects the parameters of dusty plasma system. The dusty plasma parameters near the Mercury surface can vary depending on the distance from the planet to the Sun, which considerably changes when the planet moves along the elongated orbit, and also depending on the localization of the region under consideration on the planet surface. Thus, near the magnetic poles, the solar wind can reach the planet surface, which must be taken into account when determining the plasma parameters. Far from the magnetic poles, the effect of the solar wind can be neglected. In the dusty plasma near the surface of Mercury, one can expect the development of linear and nonlinear wave processes. In this paper, nonlinear waves are considered, namely, dust acoustic solitons and nonlinear periodic waves. The profiles of potentials of high-amplitude solitons and nonlinear periodic waves are obtained, as well as the soliton amplitudes as functions of the altitude above the planet surface and soliton velocity.
Free-Boundary Plasma Equilibrium Computation
in Spherical Globus-M2 Tokamak by Means of the pyGSS Code
Authors: Kiselev E. O. , Balachenkov I. M. , Bakharev N. N. , Varfolomeev V. I. , Gusev V. K. , Zhiltsov N. S. , Zenkova O. A. , Kavin A. A. , Kurskiev G. S. , Minaev V. B. , Miroshnikov I. V. , Patrov M. I. , Petrov Yu. V. , Sakharov N. V. , Skrekel O. M. , Solokha V. V. , Telnova A. Yu. , Tkachenko E. E. , Tokarev V. A. , Tukhmeneva E. A. , Khromov N. A. , Shchegolev P. B.
Published: April 2024

The pyGSS code constructed for computation of free-boundary plasma equilibrium in sphericalGlobus-M2 tokamak is described. Currents in the coils of the electromagnetic system, their coordinates,plasma current, positions of the limiter and current-conducting wall, etc., are used as the input parameters.Free parameters determining spatial distribution of equilibrium pressure and current density are selected inthe course of code execution in such a way that the results of reconstruction would agree with the experimentalmeasurements of the poloidal magnetic flux by means of toroidally closed loops. The results of computationof equilibrium are compared with those obtained by means of other codes and experimentally measuredthermal plasma energy, position of the separatrix outer leg, the diamagnetic-loop signal, etc.
Self-Discharge of Supercapacitors: A Review
Authors: Volfkovich Yu. M.
Published: April 2024

The literature on the self-discharge of supercapacitors is reviewed, the advantages of electrochemical supercapacitors over batteries are formulated. The principal disadvantage of the electrochemical supercapacitors is their rapid self-discharge. A study of self-discharge of electrochemical supercapacitors was conducted; methods of the self-discharge studying, the effect of functional carbon groups on the self-discharge, the self-discharge mechanisms and mathematical modeling of the self-discharge are described. The development of new supercapacitor devices destined to minimize the self-discharge is described, including additives to the electrolyte, solid-state supercapacitors, electrochemical supercapacitors with ion-exchange membranes, the using of pure electrolytes, methods of the electrode chemical modification to slow down self-discharge. A study of self-discharge of electrochemical supercapacitors with electrodes based on activated carbon cloth CH 900 (the Kuraray Co. production) and 1 M MgSO4 aqueous electrolyte is conducted. The rate of self-discharge after ~70 min after its start is found to be proportional to the charging voltage. The voltage dependence of the self-discharge rate at 2000 min after its start goes through a minimum. This minimum is explained, firstly, by a significant contribution to the capacity from the Faradaic redox-reaction pseudo-capacity involving the functional groups; secondly, the very presence of these groups increases the self-discharge rate. It is the former factor that dominates in the low-voltage region; the second one, in the high voltage region.
The Nature of d0 Ion Effect on the Electrochemical Activity of the O2–/O–-Redox-Couple in Oxyfluorides with the Disordered Rock-Salt Structure
Authors: Mishchenko K. V. , Podgornova O. A. , Kosova N. V.
Published: April 2024

The effect of the nature of the transition metal ion (electron configuration 3d0 and 4d0) on the local structure and electrochemical properties of lithium-rich oxyfluorides with disordered rock-salt structure Li1 + x(MеMn3+)1 – xO2 – yFy, where Mе = Ti4+, Nb5+, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.288 and 0.05 ≤ y ≤ 0.15 is studied. The compounds are thoroughly investigated by the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, granulometry, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic cycling. The galvanostatic-cycling curves of the compounds have two plateaus in the voltage regions of 3.3–3.4 and 4.1–4.3 V. They can be attributed to redox-processes involving two couples: Mn3+/Mn4+ and O2–/O–. In the case of Ti-containing oxyfluorides with disordered rock-salt structure, with the increasing of fluorine content the contribution from O2–/O–-couple during the electrochemical process decreases. In both systems of the oxyfluorides with disordered rock-salt structure we observed formation of paramagnetic clusters Mn3+–O–Mn4+ whose number increased with the increasing of Mn content. The largest clusterization is observed for the sample Li1.266Nb0.217Mn0.55O1.85F0.15. At the same time, the diffusion coefficient for Nb-containing oxyfluorides with disordered rock-salt structure is lower by order of magnitude than for the Ti-containing ones. This may be connected with the strongest clustering of Mn3+ ions, which hinders the Li+ ion macrodiffusion and, as a consequence, deteriorates the kinetics of the process.
Ionic (O2– and H+) Transport in Oxygen-Deficient Perovskites La2Me+3ZnO5.5
Authors: Egorova A. V. , Belova K. G. , Lakiza N. V. , Animitsa I. E.
Published: April 2024

The paper is devoted to the study of the conduction mechanism in perovskite phases with composition La2Me+3ZnO5.5 (Me+3 = Al3+, Sc3+, In3+). The phases were synthesized by a standard ceramic technique in the 700–1300°C temperature range. The structure of the La2InZnO5.5 and La2ScZnO5.5 samples is orthorhombic, while the La2AlZnO5.5 sample crystallizes in the cubic symmetry. The electrical conductivity of La2Me+3ZnO5.5 (Me+3 = Al3+, Sc3+, In3+) samples is studied as a function of temperature (200–900°C), oxygen partial pressure pO2, and humidity pH2O. The complex oxides are found to have a mixed type of conduction in air, the electronic contribution (the p-type conduction) increases with increasing temperature. The phases exhibit the dominant oxygen-ion transport at temperatures below 500°C. In wet atmosphere, Sc3+- and In3+-containing samples are capable of incorporating water from gas phase and forming proton defects. No significant proton transport in the La2AlZnO5.5 sample is realized. The partial conductivities σH+, σO2−, σh in a wide range of temperatures and рО2 are discussed.
Conductivity of Composites MeWO4–Al2O3 (Me = Ca, Sr)
Authors: Guseva A. F. , Pestereva N. N. , Kuznetsov D. K. , Boyarshinova A. A. , Gardt V. A.
Published: April 2024

Composites (1 – x)MeWO4–xАl2O3 (Me = Ca, Sr) are synthesized by the solid-phase method. Their phase composition and thermodynamic stability are confirmed by the XRD and TG-DSC data, respectively. Their morphology is studied by the SEM-EDA method. The conductivity of composites is studied by the method of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a function of the temperature, the gas-phase oxygen pressure, and the content of added disperse Аl2O3. It is shown that composites (1 – x)MeWO4–xАl2O3 (Me = Ca, Sr) are ionic conductors and their conductivity is 4–12 times higher as compared with the corresponding tungstates.
Electrochemical Oxygen Generator with Solid-Molten Bi2O3–B2O3 Electrolyte and Porous Bi3Ru3O11–Bi2O3 Electrodes
Authors: Dergacheva P. E. , Fedorov S. V. , Belousov V. V. , Konovalov A. A. , Artemov V. V.
Published: April 2024

A symmetrical electrochemical cell Bi3Ru3O11−35 wt % Bi2O3 porous electrode|Bi2O3−0.2 wt % B2O3 solid-molten electrolyte|Bi3Ru3O11−35 wt % Bi2O3 porous electrode is developed. The values of the cell ohmic and polarization resistances, Faraday efficiency, and oxygen permeation flux of the cell were measured using impedance spectroscopy and Coulomb volumetric technique at 740°C. These values are 0.046 and 0.077 Ω cm2, 97%, and 5×10–7 mol cm–2 s–1, respectively. The effect of wetting of the porous electrode surface on the polarization resistance was analyzed. The Bi3Ru3O11−35 wt % Bi2O3 and solid-molten Bi2O3−0.2 wt % B2O3 composites have a great potential to be used as the electrode and electrolyte materials in electrochemical oxygen generators.
Analysis of Impedance Spectra of a Lithium Electrode by the Distribution of Relaxation Times
Authors: Kolosnitsyn D. V. , Osipova D. A. , Kuzmina E. V. , Karaseva E. V. , Kolosnitsyn V. S.
Published: April 2024

The possibility of analyzing the electrochemical impedance spectra of lithium–lithium cells using the Distribution of Relaxation Times (DRT) function is studied. A comparative analysis of the electrochemical impedance spectra of lithium–lithium cells obtained during long-term storage at a constant temperature and at different temperatures was performed using the method of either equivalent electrical circuits or the DRT function. The analysis of the impedance of lithium–lithium cells by the DRT function is shown to allow estimating the number of layers in the surface film on the lithium electrodes and evaluating their physical parameters—the resistance and capacitance. It has been established that with a long exposure of lithium–lithium cells at the temperature of 30°C, the number of layers in the surface film and its resistance decreased. With the increase in the temperature, the physical properties of the layers of the surface film are differentiated and its total resistance decreased. The analysis of the electrochemical impedance spectra of lithium–lithium cells by the DRT functions is more informative than the method of equivalent electrical circuits.
CHRONOAMPEROMETRIC ESTIMATION OF THE NUCLEATION RATE, THE NUMBER OF NUCLEI AND THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT DURING ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION
Authors: Gamburg Yu. D.
Published: April 2024

Assuming the mixed kinetics of the process, new formulas are derived for calculating the diffusion coefficient, the nucleation rate and the number of growing clusters based on the experimental curves of the time-current dependence during potentiostatic nucleation and growth during electrocrystallization. A number of published experimental data have been analyzed from this point of view. It is shown that during crystallization on an active metal substrate, the number of nuclei can sharply increase with potential, unlike structureless substrates (such as glass carbon), where this number weakly depends on the potential.
FEATURES OF THE EFFECT OF SILVER CHALCOGENIDES ON THE SOFTENING TEMPERATURE OF CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES WITH IONIC CONDUCTIVITY
Authors: Tverjanovits Yu. S. , Fazletdinov T. R. , Tomayev V. V.
Published: April 2024

The analysis of the temperature change of softening of chalcogenide glass with ion conductivity by silver from the content of its chalcogenides is given. Explanation of peculiarities of temperature change of softening of glass on the basis of chalcogenides of silver is offered by coexistence of covalent bonds of silver-chalcogen (Ag-Ch) and metallophilic bonds of silver-silver (Ag-Ag). The large number of systems considered demonstrates the general regularity, which allows to assume, that the degree of connectivity of silver in the HHS mesh due to formation of it in addition to covalent metal-philic bonds actually significantly exceeds its formal oxidation degree.Metallophilic interactions are expected to influence not only the softening temperature, but also the variation of many other important properties in the glass, including the ion transfer mechanism by silver.
ELECTRODEPOSITION SILVER(I) SELENIDE FROM AQUEUOS THIOCYANATE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Kuznetsov V. V. , Tyagneryov E. A. , Kapustin A. V. , Zhukov V. Yu. , Filatova E. A.
Published: April 2024

Electrodeposition of silver(I) selenide possessing pronounced thermoelectric properties was carried out from aqueous solutions containing thiocyanate complexes of silver(I) and Se (IV) compounds at pH 4.7. Ag2Se is formed at cathode potentials more negative than –0.9 V (s.h.e.). The obtained coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray phase analysis (XPA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The stoichiometry of the cathode deposit is close to Ag2Se. Diffraction studies have shown that an orthorhombic modification of silver(I) selenide is formed under electrodeposition conditions. Cathode deposits have a columnar nanostructure.
ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF HYBRID MATERIALS BASED ON POLYELECTROLYTE CHITOSAN COMPLEXES AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Khramenkova A. V. , Izvarina D. N. , Mishurov V. I. , Shershakova A. A. , Kirilenko M. A. , Kuznetsov O. Yu.
Published: April 2024

A study of the morphology, structure and elemental composition of hybrid materials on the surface of stainless steel based on polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan with cobalt and nickel oxides, obtained using an alternating asymmetric current, was carried out. It was established by X-ray phase analysis that the main phase of the obtained hybrid materials is cobalt hydroxyisocyanate. The prospects of using the obtained hybrid materials as electrodes for supercapacitors with alkaline electrolyte are shown, while its specific capacitance at a current density of 1 A∙g-1 reaches 479 F∙g-1. The antibacterial activity of hybrid materials against gram-positive (S.aureus) and gram-negative (E.coli) microorganisms was determined. A study of corrosion-protective properties of the developed hybrid materials in a solution of 3.5 wt. % NaCl was carried out, it is shown that for the hybrid material the corrosion potential is shifted to the region of positive values compared to pure steel.
ALKALINE WATER ELECTROLYSIS WITH ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTRODES
Authors: Kuleshov V. N. , Kurochkin S. V. , Kuleshov N. V. , Gavriluk A. A. , Pushkareva I, V. , Klimova M. A. , Grigorieva O. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the creation of a new generation element base for aqueous alkaline electrolyzers with anion-exchange membranes. As a result of the research, two new membranes and various types of electrodes have been proposed, which significantly increase the purity of the generated electrolysis gases and the operating outlet pressure directly at the outlet of the electrolysis module while maintaining low values of specific energy consumption. In this case, the electrolysis module consists entirely of electrode-membrane blocks. Their composition includes components tested in industrial alkaline electrolysis, which distinguishes them from known analogues in chemical resistance. Various types of catalysts that can be used as part of membrane-electrode blocks are considered separately. The results of express tests of electrodes made of stainless steel 12X18H10T are presented, the oxidation process of chromium, which is part of the alloy, is shown, which leads to a decrease in its corrosion resistance. When testing electrodes based on a steel mesh coated with a protective layer of nickel, extensive pitting corrosion was detected on the anode during its operation at high current densities. As an alternative, electrodes made of nickel mesh are proposed. These samples showed excellent corrosion resistance and high adhesion to electrodeposited catalysts. Catalytic coatings consisting of nickel or nickel-cobalt powder with additionally chemically precipitated phosphorus were investigated as catalysts.
Simulation of Silicon FETs with a Fully Enclosed Gate with a High-k Gate Dielectric
Authors: Masalskii N. V.
Published: April 2024

The electrical and physical characteristics of a cylindrical silicon field-effect nanotransistor (FET) with a fully enclosed gate with Al2O3 and HfO2 gate oxide dielectrics are discussed. The numerical simulation results show that the use of high k dielectrics has a noticeable effect on all the main characteristics of the tran-sistor compared to silicon oxide. It follows from the data obtained that, when scaling, the degree of degradation of the electrical and physical characteristics of the transistor is correlated with the level of k: it decreases with the growth of k. This is due to the fact that the decrease in the effect of the gate on the characteristics of the transistor structure, especially in the subthreshold region, is partially compensated by the use of dielectrics with a high k.
Recording the Polarization State of a Photon in the Correlated Electronic States of an Array of Quantum Dots
Authors: Tsukanov A. V. , Kateev I. Yu.
Published: April 2024

A scheme is proposed for converting a transport photonic qubit into a stationary qubit represented by the electronic states of quantum dots (QDs). The choice of the basis states of a qubit in the form of anti-symmetric combinations of the excited states of an array of QDs ensures their stability with respect to pho-ton/phonon relaxation processes. The formation of these states is due to the Stark and Förster interactions between electrons localized in the QDs. An algorithm for the controlled transformation (recording) of a pho-ton state into the electronic states of QDs using optical and electrostatic fields is considered. The possibility of tuning the frequency of the electronic transitions in the QDs in a gallium arsenide nanostructure using metal gates and a charged cantilever needle is studied.
Effect of Magnetron Sputtering Power on ITO Film Deposition at Room Temperature
Authors: Saenko A. V. , Vakulov Z. E. , Klimin V. S. , Bilyk G. E. , Malyukov S. P.
Published: April 2024

Magnetron sputtering in the medium frequency (MF) mode was used to obtain ITO films on glass substrates at room temperature in an oxygen-free environment. The effect of the magnetron sputtering power on the electrophysical properties and surface morphology of ITO films is studied. It is shown that the ITO film deposition rate depends linearly on the power of magnetron sputtering in the MF mode. It is found that ITO films have a predominantly nanocrystalline structure at a magnetron sputtering power of more than 100 W. Increasing the sputtering power leads to an increase in surface roughness from 13.5 to 24.6 nm and grain size from 11.7 to 27.5 nm in the ITO film. The minimum resistivity of the ITO films is 6.82 × 10–4 Ω cm at the concentration and mobility of charge carriers of 2.48 × 1020 cm–3 and 36.8 cm2/V s, which corresponds to the optimum power of magnetron sputtering of 200 W. The results obtained correspond to a high level of surface resistance values for ITO films (34.1 Ω/□), which can be used to form transparent conducting electrodes in solar cells and memristors, both on glass and flexible substrates.
Electrophysical Parameters and Emission Spectra of the Glow Discharge of Difluorodichloromethane
Authors: Murin D. B. , Chesnokov I. A. , Gogulev I. A. , Grishkov A. E.
Published: April 2024

The effect of the external discharge parameters on the electrophysical parameters and emission spectra of difluorodichloromethane plasma is analyzed. Data on the reduced electric field strength and gas temperature are obtained. It is established that the reduced electric field strength in difluorodichloromethane plasma decreases markedly with increasing gas pressure (at a constant discharge current). It is shown that a linear increase in the gas temperature with increasing pressure is due to the increase in the specific power deposited in the discharge. Atomic and molecular components are found in the emission spectra of the glow discharge of difluorodichloromethane. It is established that, with increasing current, a linear increase in the radiation intensity occurs, which corresponds to the mechanism of the direct excitation of the radiating states upon electron impact and indicates the absence of secondary processes.
Simulation of the Effect of Lattice Defects on the Work of Separating Joined Materials
Authors: Makhviladze T. M. , Sarychev M. E.
Published: April 2024

In order to study the strength reliability of interconnections, a generalized model for quantifying the effect of nonequilibrium point crystal defects on the value of the work of the reversible separation of joined materials along the boundary (interface) of their union, generalizing an approach proposed previously by the authors to the description of the mechanism of defect adsorption in the interface area. The developed model makes it possible not to be limited to the situation when the defects of each of the contacting materials are distributed independently in the boundary, over their sublattices, and the transitions of defects between these sublattices are also taken into account, which significantly expands the possibilities of applying the obtained theoretical results. The corresponding system of equations is formulated, which makes it possible to find and study the value of the work of reversible separation as a function of defect concentrations in the vol-umes of materials. In the case when the interstitial impurity atoms are the defects, the problem of the critical impurity concentrations at which the work of reversible separation vanishes and the bonding of the materials becomes thermodynamically unstable is studied in detail by analytical methods; the role of defect transitions between sublattices, in which defects are localized at the interface, is explained. Impurity concentrations are estimated at which the effect of the interface instability can be realized, significantly affecting the reliability characteristics of the interconnections.
Valaam memory breaks: valaam’s memorial community in search of the lost island
Authors: Melnikova E. A
Published: April 2024

The article is focused on the memorial community of Valaam, which evolved after the buildings of Valaam Monastery were handed over to the Russian Orthodox Church and the locals were forced to leave the island. I turn to an analysis of a variety of recollections and different forms of incorporating the history of the archipelago into the personal biographies of its recent inhabitants. Considering Valaam as an essential place of memory in the biographies of its former inhabitants, I try to answer the question of why, unlike other migrants who return to their homeland in search of traces of their past, the resettlers from Valaam refuse to come back, preferring to speak of the island as lost and inaccessible. The article gives a brief history of the post-war development of the archipelago, the emergence of a community of “keepers” in the 1970s and 1980s, and traces several biographies of local residents whose youth was linked to life and work on the island. Drawing on research on the memories of migrants, I argue that the contemporary memory of the archipelago is a territory of phantom pain caused not only by forced displacement, but also by the loss of the former locals’ status as experts and defenders of the historical and cultural heritage of Valaam. The article draws on field material from the years of 2020-2021.
Traumatic memory and the cossack revival
Authors: Shnirelman V. A
Published: April 2024

As a rule, a traumatic memory includes two points: a memory of the recent tragedy and a view of the lost Golden Age, i.e. victimization combines with glorification which has to offset a disadvantage with the help of symbolic images. This dichotomy is analyzed with respect to the Cossacks whose memory maintains both the tragedies of the Civil war including their relocation, and a reference to the deep past with an emphasis on indigenous ancestors and also dreams of the own state. At the same time, the Cossack's narrative confronts the North Caucasian views of the past which are also fed by the traumatic memory. A clash of memories provokes a territorial conflict. The historical constructs of the Cossack emigree historians made an impact on the post-Soviet Cossack historiography.
Rudolf Virchow and epidemiological well-being as an anthropoecological concept
Authors: Shevchenko S. Yu
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the anthropoecological understanding of epidemiological well-being and takes steps to the genealogy of such understanding. The works of the German physician Rudolf Virchow on cultural, administrative, biological and geographical factors of a typhoid pandemic are considered as anthropoecological texts. Such an interpretation of his work makes it possible to emphasize two significant aspects of the anthropoecological understanding of epidemiological well-being. First, it underlines its difference from the understanding of well-being as the absence of risks, total separation of the human population from infectious agents. Secondly, the mission of a scientist and physician in realization of epidemiological well-being involves participation not only in sanitary measures, but, above all, lies in indicating ways to achieve the environmental sustainability of a certain cultural community.
Reproduction of the titular languages of the Volga and Urals republics: integrity of individual and collective practices
Authors: Nizamova L. R
Published: April 2024

Based on the sociological materials collected in the period of 2012-2021 (mass surveys and interviews with opinion leaders), the article examines the complex nature of linguistic practices of residents of the Republic of Tatarstan and the national republics of the Volga region and the Urals. In every republic, the titular language is the native language for most representatives of the titular nationality and the state language of the republic along with Russian. The article evaluates the interrelation of the individual and the collective in the linguistic repertoire of citizens, the importance of language as a marker of ethnic affiliation in the context of growing individualization, the erosion of ethnic adherence and the formation of multiple identities. Special attention is paid to the perception of changes in the teaching of native languages initiated by federal authorities in 2017-2018, and to the viewpoints of the opinion leaders of the Volga-Ural republics (national intelligentsia, media workers and representatives of public organizations) which are discussed in terms of correlation of the freedom of speech preferences and the reproduction of language and culture of the ethnic community.
The sacralization of the secular in contemporary Russia: the “desecration” of the eternal flame
Authors: Petrov N. V , Peigin B. S
Published: April 2024

The article examines more than 100 cases of “desecration” of the Eternal Flame in Russia in the 2010s-2020s. In the context of criminal cases involving blasphemy and desecration of holy places, starting with the “Pussy Riot case”, the cases of the “desecration” of the Eternal Flame allow us to see, first, how the arguments and language used by the media and law enforcement in the legal discussion regarding the secular sacred are shaped; and second, how the shift from the symbolic to the material occurs in relation to symbols of memory in contemporary Russian society. The article shows how and on what grounds perpetrators of such behavior are prosecuted in contemporary Russia, and what penalties are imposed on them. Despite the presence of special norms on such deeds in the Russian criminal law, they are in some cases qualified by law enforcers with their use, in others as vandalism or desecration of the bodies of the dead and their burial places, in still others as administrative offences. Law enforcers in all cases clearly read their meaning (as an attempt on the sacred), but the Russian law lacks a legal definition of “desecration” (if the term itself exists), which apparently leads to the use of different norms to punish those responsible. Since these actions are interpreted by law enforcers as sacrilegious, it seems appropriate for us to propose for them the general term “memorial sacrilege”, by which we mean unconventional actions with memorial complexes and their elements, in particular the Eternal Flames, entailing the use of repression.
It is “Blasphemy to touch this burial”: how archaeologists can hurt the feelings of believers and strengthen the ethnic-religious identity in the North Ossetia - Alania
Authors: Shtyrkov S. A
Published: April 2024

In 2020, in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania, excavations of a burial ground near the medieval chapel in the village of Nuzal started. This architectural object is very important for the historical memory of Ossetians, as it is considered the tomb of Os-Bagatar, the last king of an independent medieval state of Alans, ancestors of Ossetians. In addition, this small building is inscribed as a very important element in two competing narratives about the true ethnic religion of the Ossetians. The Orthodox view the chapel in the village of Nuzal as an ancient Christian shrine (since medieval church frescoes have survived there), and Ossetian religious nativists view it as a pre-Christian site illegally appropriated by Christian missionaries. When excavations began, some nativists claimed the works were blasphemy. The article examines how the discourse of “insulting religious feelings” works, where the act of transgression is generated by the creative imagination of offended people rather than by the deliberate actions of the alleged blasphemers. Moreover, these feelings can stimulate the reinforcement of ethnic-religious identities that remain weakly articulated beyond these dramatic events.
Non diis curae: the rhetoric and practices of natural punishment for sacrilege
Authors: Drozdov S. T
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes situations in which punishment for sacrilege is carried out by natural actors without the intervention of the supernatural ones. Such actors include the state represented by lawmakers and law enforcers, religious specialists, as well as religious activists and ordinary believers. The configurations of agency of the three types of actors described in the article, which have their own specifics and tools for natural (as opposed to supernatural) retaliation for sacrilege, cause violent or non-violent resolution of conflicts in which representatives of either type see blasphemy and sacrilege. The article also analyzes the boundaries of actor agency related, on the one hand, to perceptions of the right to the sanctuary and, consequently, to anger over its desecration, and, on the other hand, to the real possibility to carry out this punishment. In the case of the latter, the notion of conditional agency of the “accused” by “prosecutors” is also discussed, and the ways and reasons for its reduction are considered.
On “companions of joy”: the gender/ethnic composition of sex workers in modern Greece
Authors: Sidneva S. A
Published: April 2024

The article examines the phenomenon of prostitution in Greece of the 20th-21st centuries, the attitudes toward it, and its role in the regulation of social relations with reference to tradition. Noticeable and interesting to study are the changes that took place during this period in the gender/ethnic composition of representatives of the sphere of intimate services. The turning points for change were economic crises and upsurges in the country, migration processes, as well as new directions in international politics and ideology of the European Union, which Greece joined in 1981. In the 1990s-2000s, for example, workers of foreign origin prevailed in the sphere of intimate services. The crisis of 2008 led to the increase in the percentage of Greek citizens in this sphere, according to studies conducted by sociologists at the Pandion University of Athens. With regard to the gender aspect, it is especially interesting to study the attitudes toward male prostitution in a patriarchal society, which modern Greece still essentially is. Particular attention in the article is paid to linguistic material shedding light on contemporary nominations of representatives of the most ancient profession.
Craniometric study of Central Asian population at the turn of the era: multivariate statistics versus typological approach?
Authors: Syutkina T. A , Kufterin V. V
Published: April 2024

The article aims to assess the method of individual visual typological definitions in biological anthropology and compare it with the results of multivariate statistical analysis based on the cranial materials coming mainly from the Yuezhi / Kushan period in Central Asia. The database contains information on 185 crania. We have established that sex has a highly significant effect on the variation of facial craniometric traits, while the effect of artificial deformation is less prominent but still statistically significant. The PCA has shown that variation between the cranial types of very distant ancestry is captured even though the samples are small and variables are limited to the traits of facial skeleton. The PCA has highlighted the craniometric distinctiveness of the crania labeled as having Asian ancestry. The PCА of the sample of European ancestry has not revealed either the distinctiveness of the mixed European-Asian ancestry individuals or the differences between the two large morphological types within the sample of European ancestry. The differences between individuals of different anthropological types could be due to the effects of random variation which have been consistently interpreted as non-random.
Visual image of the ainu in paintings and engravings of the 16th - early 19th centuries: historical and ethnographic source or artist’s imagination?
Authors: Osipova M. V
Published: April 2024

The article examines the main visual sources of the 16th - early 19th centuries, in which the images of the Ainu were introduced. The silk and paper scrolls, engravings in the books always attracted attention to the Ainu theme. Many issues in the ethnic history and physical anthropological type of the people, as well as the origins of their ornaments and tattoos remain debatable. The portraits of the Ainu that appeared during the Edo period, made by Japanese, Russian, and European artists and engravers, contributed to the spread of knowledge about this people. However, these visual images often reflected the artist’s subjective, often politically biased, views of the object. Despite this fact, one can get a certain idea of the Ainu appearance and the features of their material and spiritual culture by studying these canvases, engravings and illustrations. The purpose of this article is to consider the possibility of using pieces of art as a historical and ethnographic source.
Embodiment in biographical narratives of non-heterosexuals
Authors: Kislitsyna P. A
Published: April 2024

The article examines the ways in which embodiment is narrativized in biographical stories of non-heterosexual people based on interview and written autobiographies. When talking about their experiences, non-heterosexuals searched for signs in their bodies and endowed them with dimensions of meaning. To conceptualize this search procedure, I use Ginzburg’s evidence paradigm and Csordas’s somatic modes of attention. The participants interpreted clues found in the body experience of the past as proof of one's non-heterosexuality. The search for such evidence requires a specific mode of attention to one's body and knowledge about (homo)sexuality. The article analyzes the language of description of the body, such as figures of speech and terms used by the participants, and traces gender differences in strategies for narrativizing the body. Essentialization is the most popular strategy of narrativization of non-heterosexual body. The participants talked about their sexuality in terms of “naturalness” and “innateness”. Different levels of texts reflect this tendency. Essentialization is a way to normalize non-heterosexuality, permeate sexual identity, and make narratives coherent.