bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher-Order Illative Combinatory Logic
Authors: Czajka Łukasz
Published: January 2014

We show a model construction for a system of higher-order illative combinatory logic thus establishing its strong consistency. We also use a variant of this construction to provide a complete embedding of first-order intuitionistic predicate logic with second-order propositional quantifiers into the system of Barendregt, Bunder and Dekkers, which gives a partial answer to a question posed by these authors.
Comparisons of Polychromatic and Monochromatic Ramsey Theory
Authors: Palumbo Justin
Published: January 2014

We compare the strength of polychromatic and monochromatic Ramsey theory in several set-theoretic domains. We show that the rainbow Ramsey theorem does not follow from ZF, nor does the rainbow Ramsey theorem imply Ramsey's theorem over ZF. Extending the classical result of Erdős and Rado we show that the axiom of choice precludes the natural infinite exponent partition relations for polychromatic Ramsey theory. We introduce rainbow Ramsey ultrafilters, a polychromatic analogue of the usual Ramsey ultrafilters. We investigate the relationship of rainbow Ramsey ultrafilters with various special classes of ultrafilters, showing for example that every rainbow Ramsey ultrafilter is nowhere dense but rainbow Ramsey ultrafilters need not be rapid. This entails comparison of the polychromatic and monochromatic Ramsey theorems as combinatorial principles on ω.
Diagonally Non-Computable Functions and Bi-Immunity
Authors: Jockusch Carl G. , Lewis Andrew E. M.
Published: January 2014

We prove that every diagonally noncomputable function computes a set A which is bi-immune, meaning that neither A nor its complement has an infinite computably enumerable subset.
The information-theoretic turn
Authors: Blevins James
Published: January 2014

Over the past decade, information theory has been applied to the analysis of
a successively broader range of morphological phenomena. Interestingly, this
tradition has arisen independently of the linguistic applications of
information theory dating from the 1950?s. Instead, the point of origin for
current work lies in a series of studies of morphological processing in which
Kostic and associates develop a statistical notion of ?morphological
information? based on ?uncertainty? and ?uncertainty reduction?. From these
initial studies, analyses based on statistical notions of information have
been applied to general problems of morphological description and typological
classification, leading to a formal rehabilitation of the complex system
perspective of traditional WP models.
Bi-alphabetism: A window on phonological processing
Authors: Filipovic-Djurdjevic Dusica , Milin Petar , Feldman Laurie
Published: January 2014

In Serbian, lexical decision latencies to words composed of letters that
exist in both the Roman and Cyrillic alphabets (some of which have different
phonemic interpretations in each) are slower than for the unique alphabet
transcription of those same words. In this study, we use the effect of
phonological ambiguity to explore the time course of semantic facilitation.
Targets are either the phonologically ambiguous forms (e.g., PETAK meaning
?Friday? when pronounced as a Roman string /petak/ but without meaning when
pronounced in Cyrillic as /retak/) or the unique alphabet transcription of
the same word (?ETAK). We manipulate alphabet match and semantic relatedness
of prime to target. In addition to replicating slowing due to phonological
ambiguity, we show 1) greater alphabet switch cost for bivalent then for
unambiguous targets as well as for unrelated then for related prime-target
pairs and 2) greater semantic facilitation as the number of shared common
letters between prime and target increases. Results reveal the interaction of
phonological and semantic processes in Serbian. The findings are discussed in
terms of a triangle model of language processing, which hypothesizes a
division of labor between an orthography-to-semantics, and an
orthographyto-phonology-to-semantics route and their simultaneous
contribution to activation of meaning.
Neurocognitive mechanisms for processing inflectional and derivational complexity in English
Authors: Bozic Mirjana , Marslen-Wilson William
Published: January 2014

In the current paper we discuss the mechanisms that underlie the processing
of inflectional and derivational complexity in English. We address this issue
from a neurocognitive perspective and present evidence from a new fMRI study
that the two types of morphological complexity engage the language processing
network in different ways. The processing of inflectional complexity
selectively activates a left-lateralised frontotemporal system, specialised
for combinatorial grammatical computations, while derivational complexity
primarily engages a distributed bilateral system, argued to support
whole-word, stem based lexical access. We discuss the implications of our
findings for theories of the processing and representation of morphologically
complex words.
Semantic growth of morphological families in English
Authors: Henry Regina , Kuperman Victor
Published: January 2014

This paper explores the question of when and how morphological families are
formed in one?s mental lexicon, by analyzing age-of-acquisition norms to
morphological families (e.g., booking, bookshelf, check book) and their
shared morphemes (book). We demonstrate that the speed of growth and the size
of the family depend on how early the shared morpheme is acquired and how
many connections the family has at the time a new concept is incorporated in
the family. These findings dovetail perfectly with the Semantic Growth model
of connectivity in semantic networks by Steyvers and Tenenbaum (2005). We
discuss implications of our findings for theories of vocabulary acquisition.
Gepidi i Krim
Authors: Kazanski Michel
Published: January 2014

(francuski) La pr?sence des objets g?pides en Crim?e au Vie siecle (plaques-boucles, fibules) s'explique par la migration de Germains balkano-danubiens vers le Nord de la mer Noire. Tr?s probablement il s'agit de d?portation des G?pides de Sirmium, venus ou amen?s sur le territoire byzantin soit en 504-505 soit en 535, lors des conflits entre l'Empire, les G?pides et les Ostrogoths.
The marble head of a statuette from Mediana (excavations in 2001)
Authors: Plemic Bojana
Published: January 2014

During the archaeological excavations in Mediana in 2001, the head of a marble statuette of exceptional beauty and craftsmanship was discovered. It was an isolated discovery, the sculpture probably having been imported from some Greek artistic centre or an eastern Mediterranean workshop, presenting a part of a larger ensemble of sculptures that had adorned an imperial villa with peristyle. Since the head was found in pieces and being just part of a sculptural representation with no reliable attributes, the question of its identification is a difficult task. It was possible to determine, using stylistic traits' analysis that the statuette was made under the influence of Hellenistic cult sculpture, namely that it followed the rules of the school of Praxiteles. On the other hand, the iconographic elements, in particular that of the hairstyle, lead us to the conclusion that this statuette could represent one of two Roman goddesses, either Venus or Diana.
Primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatic sarcoidosis: A case report
Authors: Alempijevic Tamara , Sokic-Milutinovic Aleksandra , Toncev Ljubisa , Pavlovic-Markovic Aleksandra , Djuranovic Srdjan , Tomanovic Nada , Drulovic Jelena
Published: January 2014

Introduction. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immunemediated chronic
progressive inflammatory liver disease leading to destruction of small
interlobular bile ducts. Sarcoidosis is a chronic disorder of unknown
etiology characterized by non-caseous granulomas. Case report. We reported a
69-year-old female patient with abdominal pain, malaise, vertigo, headaches,
hands tremor and partial loss of hearing. Initial laboratory findings
revealed elevated liver function tests and cholesterol with positive
antimytochondrial and antinuclear antibodies. Liver biopsy revealed granuloma
typical for PBC and granulomatous lesions typical for sarcoidosis. Elevated
serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and granulomatous lesion on the brain
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were detected and the patient was diagnosed
with overlap of PBC and liver sarcoidosis and neurosarcoidosis. The patient
was treated with ursodeoxicholic acid (UDCA) and prednisolone. Six months
later the patient was symptom-free with laboratory findings within normal
range. Conclusion. In PBC patients it is important to consider coexisting
granulomatous liver diseases if elevated liver function tests persist despite
UDCA therapy.
Popliteal artery injury following traumatic knee joint dislocation in a 14-year-old boy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Cvetkovic Slobodan , Jakovljevic Nenad , Simic Dusica , Sladojevic Milos , Djurasic Ljubomir , Davidovic Lazar
Published: January 2014

Introduction. Posterior knee joint dislocation associated with injury of the
popliteal artery in children is an extremely rare condition. Rapid diagnosis
and treatment are essential for limb salvage and function. Case report. We
reported a 14-year-old boy who suffered traumatic displacement of the right
knee and contusion of the popliteal artery during motorcycle accident. The
diagnosis was confirmed using Doppler and duplex ultrasonography and digital
substraction transfemoral arteriography. The urgent surgical procedure was
performed using posterior approach to the popliteal artery. During the
surgical exploration, rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament associated
with thrombosed popliteal artery have been found. The damaged popliteal
artery was resected and replaced with autologous saphenous vein graft. The
last stage of the procedure was a transosseous femoral fixation of posterior
circuate ligament. A 3-year-follow-up after the surgery demonstrated intact
arterial perfusion and very good function of the knee with a minimal
difference as compared with the contralateral knee. Conclusion. Combined
orthopedic and vascular injuries are very rare in children. They require
combined treatment.
Dynamics of Correlation Structure in Stock Market
Authors: Djauhari Maman , Gan Siew
Published: January 2014

In this paper a correction factor for Jennrich’s statistic is introduced in order to be able not only to test the stability of correlation structure, but also to identify the time windows where the instability occurs. If Jennrich’s statistic is only to test the stability of correlation structure along predetermined non-overlapping time windows, the corrected statistic provides us with the history of correlation structure dynamics from time window to time window. A graphical representation will be provided to visualize that history. This information is necessary to make further analysis about, for example, the change of topological properties of minimal spanning tree. An example using NYSE data will illustrate its advantages.
Atrazine Molecular Imprinted Polymers: Comparative Analysis by Far-Infrared and Ultraviolet Induced Polymerization
Authors: Chen Jun , Bai Lian-Yang , Liu Kun-Feng , Liu Run-Qiang , Zhang Yu-Ping
Published: January 2014

Atrazine molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) were comparatively synthesized using identical polymer formulation by far-infrared (FIR) radiation and ultraviolet (UV)-induced polymerization, respectively. Equilibrium binding experiments were carried out with the prepared MIPs; the results showed that MIPuv possessed specific binding to atrazine compared with their MIPFIR radiation counterparts. Scatchard plot’s of both MIPs indicated that the affinities of the binding sites in MIPs are heterogeneous and can be approximated by two dissociation-constants corresponding to the high- and low-affinity binding sites. Moreover, several common pesticides including atrazine, cyromazine, metamitron, simazine, ametryn, terbutryn were tested to determine their specificity, similar imprinting factor (IF) and different selectivity index (SI) for both MIPs. Physical characterization of the polymers revealed that the different polymerization methods led to slight differences in polymer structures and performance by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared absorption (FT-IR), and mercury analyzer (MA). Finally, both MIPs were used as selective sorbents for solid phase extraction (SPE) of atrazine from lake water, followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Compared with commercial C18 SPE sorbent (86.4%–94.8%), higher recoveries of atrazine in spiked lake water were obtained in the range of 90.1%–97.1% and 94.4%–101.9%, for both MIPs, respectively.
The Human Telomere Sequence, (TTAGGG)4, in the Absence and Presence of Cosolutes: A Spectroscopic Investigation
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Sheardy Richard
Published: January 2014

Historically, biophysical studies of nucleic acids have been carried out under near ideal conditions, i.e., low buffer concentration (e.g., 10 mM phosphate), pH 7, low ionic strength (e.g., 100 mM) and, for optical studies, low concentrations of DNA (e.g., 1 × 10−6 M). Although valuable structural and thermodynamic data have come out of these studies, the conditions, for the most, part, are inadequate to simulate realistic cellular conditions. The increasing interest in studying biomolecules under more cellular-like conditions prompted us to investigate the effect of osmotic stress on the structural and thermodynamic properties of DNA oligomers containing the human telomere sequence (TTAGGG). Here, we report the characterization of (TTAGGG)4 in potassium phosphate buffer with increasing percent PEG (polyethylene glycol) or acetonitrile. In general, the presence of these cosolutes induces a conformational change from a unimolecular hybrid structure to a multimolecular parallel stranded structure. Hence, the structural change is accompanied with a change in the molecularity of quadruplex formation.
Introducing Solid Foods to Infants in the Asia Pacific Region
Authors: Inoue Madoka , Binns Colin
Published: January 2014

For infants’ optimal growth and development, the introduction of nutritionally suitable solid foods at the appropriate time is essential. However, less attention has been paid to this stage of infant life when compared with studies on breastfeeding initiation and duration. The practice of introducing solid foods, including the types of foods given to infants, in the Asia Pacific region was reviewed. In total nine studies using the same questionnaire on infant feeding practices were analysed to gain a better understanding of trends in the introduction of solid foods in this region. All studies showed less than optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding indicating an earlier time of introduction of solid foods than recommended by the WHO. Most mothers commonly used rice or rice products as the first feed. In many studies, the timing of introducing solid foods was associated with breastfeeding duration. Compared with the Recommended Nutrient Intakes for infants aged above six months, rice/rice products are of lower energy density and have insufficient micronutrients unless they have been fortified. Although the timing of introducing solid foods to infants is important in terms of preventing later health problems, the quality of the foods should also be considered. Recommendations to improve the introduction of solid foods include measures to discourage prelacteal feeding, facilitating breastfeeding education and providing better information on healthier food choices for infants.
Ubiquitous Virtual Private Network: A Solution for WSN Seamless Integration
Authors: Villa David , Moya Francisco , Villanueva Felix , Aceña Oscar , López Juan
Published: January 2014

Sensor networks are becoming an essential part of ubiquitous systems and applications. However, there are no well-defined protocols or mechanisms to access the sensor network from the enterprise information system. We consider this issue as a heterogeneous network interconnection problem, and as a result, the same concepts may be applied. Specifically, we propose the use of object-oriented middlewares to provide a virtual private network in which all involved elements (sensor nodes or computer applications) will be able to communicate as if all of them were in a single and uniform network.
Historical Perspective, Development and Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing in Plant Virology
Authors: Barba Marina , Czosnek Henryk , Hadidi Ahmed
Published: January 2014

Next-generation high throughput sequencing technologies became available at the onset of the 21st century. They provide a highly efficient, rapid, and low cost DNA sequencing platform beyond the reach of the standard and traditional DNA sequencing technologies developed in the late 1970s. They are continually improved to become faster, more efficient and cheaper. They have been used in many fields of biology since 2004. In 2009, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies began to be applied to several areas of plant virology including virus/viroid genome sequencing, discovery and detection, ecology and epidemiology, replication and transcription. Identification and characterization of known and unknown viruses and/or viroids in infected plants are currently among the most successful applications of these technologies. It is expected that NGS will play very significant roles in many research and non-research areas of plant virology.
Ion -- particle interactions during particle formation and growth at a coniferous forest site in central Europe
Authors: Gonser S. G. , Klein F. , Birmili W. , Größ J. , Kulmala M. , Manninen H. E. , Wiedensohler A. , Held A.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. In this work, we examined the interaction of ions and neutral particles during atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events. The analysis is based on simultaneous field measurements of atmospheric ions and total particles using a neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer (NAIS) across the diameter range 2–25 nm. The "Waldstein" research site is located in a spruce forest in NE Bavaria, Southern Germany, known for enhanced radon concentrations, presumably leading to elevated ionization rates. Our observations show that the occurrence of the ion nucleation mode preceded that of the total particle nucleation mode during all analysed NPF events. The time difference between the appearance of 2 nm ions and 2 nm total particles was typically about 20 to 30 min. A cross correlation analysis showed a rapid decrease of the time difference between the ion and total modes during the growth process. Eventually, this time delay vanished when both ions and total particles did grow to larger diameters. Considering the growth rates of ions and total particles separately, total particles exhibited enhanced growth rates at diameters below 15 nm. This observation cannot be explained by condensation or coagulation, because these processes would act more efficiently on charged particles compared to neutral particles. To explain our observations, we propose a mechanism including recombination and attachment of continuously present cluster ions with the ion nucleation mode and the neutral nucleation mode, respectively.
Small sinkhole-like features in alluvial plains: the example of Paganico (Lucca Plain, Italy)
Authors: Dell'Aringa M. , Giannecchini R. , Puccinelli A.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Paganico is a little village located in the southeastern portion of the Lucca Plain (northwestern Tuscany, Italy). Since the seventies, a few square kilometers' area around Paganico has been involved in the opening of small cavities (sinkhole-like) on the land surface. At the beginning they were very small and sporadic. Later on the phenomena were characterized by a significant extension, increasing in frequency and size (up to 2 m in diameter and depth), causing inconvenience to local people, agricultural operations and occasionally a little damage (cracks to buildings, fencing walls and outside floorings). The cavities prevalently occur at the end of the dry season, during or immediately after the first intense rainy events, that is, between the end of summer and early autumn. Even so, the predisposition and triggering causes at present are not completely clarified. Therefore this study is aimed at individuating the triggering and evolution mechanism of the Paganico sinkhole-like features, particularly referring to the stratigraphic, hydrogeological and geotechnical features of the involved materials. Another important issue made clear with this research is represented by the overexploitation of the local aquifer, characterized by particular hydro-structural conditions. In fact, the Paganico underground shows three horizons with different lithologic, hydrogeological and geotechnical properties: a superficial silty-sandy horizon (2–3 m thick), which is particularly involved in collapses; an intermediate silty-clayey horizon (2–4 m thick); and a lower and thick gravel-pebbly horizon, characterized by important water resources and heavy pumping. Since the seventies, such water pumping rose considerably due to the local demographic (well field), industrial (paper manufacture) and agricultural development. From a hydrogeological point of view, this area is consequently characterized by two water tables: a temporary one, housed in the superficial silty-sandy horizon (perched aquifer), and a second one, confined, associated with the lower gravel-pebbly horizon (aquifer). The perched aquifer and confined aquifer are separated by an impermeable silty-clayey horizon. According to the observations resulting from this study, the latter probably tends to fracture by desiccation during the dry season, originating water exchange between the two water tables during the first important autumnal rainfall, depending on the pumping conditions, which lower the piezometric surface of the confined aquifer. Cracking would also characterize the superficial horizon. Thus, the water exchange would produce erosional phenomena in the superficial material, with removal of the fine fraction and collapse. This process could be at the origin of the cavities opening.
Physical controls on the storage of methane in landfast sea ice
Authors: Zhou J. , Tison J.-L. , Carnat G. , Geilfus N.-X. , Delille B.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. We report on methane (CH4) dynamics in landfast sea ice, brine and under-ice seawater at Barrow in 2009. The CH4 concentrations in under-ice water ranged between 25.9 and 116.4 nmol L−1sw, indicating a superaturation of 700 to 3100% relative to the atmosphere. In comparison, the CH4 concentrations in ice, ranged between 3.4 and 17.2 nmol L−1ice, and the deduced CH4 concentrations in brine, between 13.2 and 677.7 nmol L−1br. We investigated on the processes explaining the difference in CH4 concentrations between sea ice, brine and the under-ice water, and suggest that two physical processes regulated the storage of CH4 in sea ice: bubble formation and sea ice permeability. Gas bubble formation from solubility changes had favoured the accumulation of CH4 in the ice at the beginning of ice growth. CH4 retention in sea ice was then twice as efficient as that of salt; this also explains the overall higher CH4 concentrations in brine than in the under-ice water. As sea ice thickened, gas bubble formation became less efficient so that CH4 was then mainly trapped in the dissolved state. The increase of sea ice permeability during ice melt marks the end of CH4 storage.
Using MODIS land surface temperatures and the Crocus snow model to understand the warm bias of ERA-Interim reanalyses at the surface in Antarctica
Authors: Fréville H. , Brun E. , Picard G. , Tatarinova N. , Arnaud L. , Lanconelli C. , Reijmer C. , van den Broeke M.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. MODIS land surface temperatures in Antarctica were processed in order to produce a gridded data set at 25 km resolution, spanning the period 2000–2011 at an hourly time-step. The AQUA and TERRA orbits and MODIS swath width, combined with frequent clear-sky conditions, lead to very high availability of quality-controlled observations: on average, hourly data are available 14 h per day at the grid points around the South Pole and more than 9 over a large area of the Antarctic Plateau. Processed MODIS land surface temperatures, referred to hereinafter as MODIS Ts, were compared with in situ hourly measurements of surface temperature collected over the entire year 2009 by 7 stations from the BSRN and AWS networks. In spite of an occasional failure in the detection of clouds, MODIS Ts exhibit a good performance, with a bias ranging from −1.8 to 0.1 °C and errors ranging from 2.2 to 4.8 °C root mean square at the 5 stations located on the plateau. These results show that MODIS Ts can be used as a precise and accurate reference to test other surface temperature data sets. Here, we evaluate the performance of surface temperature in the ERA-Interim reanalysis. During conditions detected as cloud-free by MODIS, ERA-Interim shows a widespread warm bias in Antarctica in every season, ranging from +3 to +6 °C on the plateau. This confirms a recent study which showed that the largest discrepancies in 2 m air temperature between ERA-Interim and the HadCRUT4 data set occur in Antarctica. A comparison with in situ surface temperature shows that this bias is not strictly limited to clear-sky conditions. A detailed comparison with stand-alone simulations by the Crocus snowpack model, forced by ERA-Interim, and with the ERA-Interim/land simulations, shows that the warm bias may be due primarily to an overestimation of the surface turbulent fluxes in very stable conditions. Numerical experiments with Crocus show this is likely due to an overestimation of the surface exchange coefficients under very stable conditions.
Immunopatogeneza Samoistnego Włóknienia Płuc
Authors: Demkow Urszula
Published: January 2014

Praca jest przeglądem nowoczesnej wiedzy dotyczącej patogenezy samoistnego włóknienia płuc (IPF). Zarówno przyczyna jak i patogeneza IPF są niewyjaśnione, nie istnieje spójna teoria tłumacząca przyczynę choroby. Kluczowymi elementami patogenezy IPF są: uszkodzenie komórek nabłonka pęcherzyków płucnych i dysregulacja lub zmiana fenotypu fibroblastów Obecnie uznana hipoteza głosi, że samoistne włóknienie płuc jest niezależne od zjawiska zapalenia i jest wynikiem nieprawidłowej interakcji pomiędzy komórkami nabłonka a mezenchymą oraz zaburzonego gojenia przewlekłych uszkodzeń nabłonka pęcherzyków. Nieprawidłowa jest również funkcja oddechowych komórek macierzystych i innych komórek progenitorowych rezydujących w dystalnych częściach płuc. Sugeruje się, że u chorych na IPF istnieje defekt genetyczny powodujący szybsze skracanie długości telomerów, co jest przyczyną ograniczonych zdolności tkanki płucnej do odnowy. W myśl współczesnej wiedzy IPF jest chorobą o bardzo złożonej, wieloczynnikowej etiopatogenezie i jest zainicjowane przez cykl urazów i patologicznej odnowy powtarzających się wielokrotnie.
Design Principles for a Comprehensive Library System
Authors: Uluakar Tamer , Pierce Anton R. , Chachra Vinod
Published: January 2014

This paper describes a project that takes a step-by-step or incrementalapproach to the development of an online comprehensive system runningon a dedicated computer. The described design paid particularattention to present and predicted capabilities in computing as well as totrends in library automation. The resultant system is now in its secondof three releases, having tied together circulation control, catalog access, and serial holdings .
The Evolution of an Online Acquisitions System
Authors: Lukac Jenko
Published: January 2014

About two years ago a home-grown online acquisitions system was developed and implemented at Pacific University. The program, written in BASIC for the Data General Nova Computer, perform sall the necessary functions such as ordering ,receiving, fund accounting, etc. Thisprogram was offered to the library community ,and about one hundred libraries from around the world have availed themselves of it.
A Lesson in Interactive Television Programming: The Home Book Club on QUBE
Authors: Bolton W. Theodore
Published: January 2014

On December 1, 1977, Warner Communications christened what has become the most publicized and talked about technological development in the field of cable television: QUBE, its two-way interactive cable system.
Multimedia Catalog: COM and Online
Authors: Bierman Kenneth J.
Published: January 2014

Like many public libraries, the Tucson Public Library (TPL) is closing its card catalog and implementing a vendor supplied microform catalog. Unlike mos tof these other libraries, however, the TPL microform catalog will not include location or holding information. The indication of where copies of a particular title are actually available (i.e., which of the fifteen possible branch locations) will be availableonly by accessing a video display terminal connected to the online circulation and inventory control system.
Revisions to Contributed Cataloging in a Cooperative Cataloging Database
Authors: Hudson Judith
Published: January 2014

OCLC is the largest bibliographic utility in the United States. One of its greates tassets is its computerized database o fstandardized cataloging information. The database, which is built on the principle of shared cataloging, consists of cataloging records input from Library of Congress MARC tapes and records contributed by member libraries.
Book Reviews
Authors: Pratt Allan D. , Miller Robert , Knapp John F.
Published: January 2014

Book Reviews
The British Library's Approach to AACR2
Authors: Brindley Lynne
Published: January 2014

The formal commitment of the British Library to AACR2 and Dewey 19 entailed substantial changes to the U.K. MARC format, the BLAISE Filing Rules, and a variety of products produced for the British Library itself and for other libraries, including the British National Bibliography. The British Library file conversion involved not only headings but also algorithmic conversion of the descriptive cataloguing.
Automation and the Service Attitudes of ARL Circulation Managers
Authors: Martin James R.
Published: January 2014

Automation and the Service Attitudes of ARL Circulation Managers
Replicating the Washington Library Network Computer System Software
Authors: Brown Thomas P. , DeBuse Raymond
Published: January 2014

Replicating the Washington Library Network Computer System Software
A General Planning Methodology for Automation
Authors: Meyer Richard W. , Reuland Beth Ann , Diaz Francisco M. , Colburn Frances
Published: January 2014

A General Planning Methodology for Automation
Inclusion of Nonroman Character Sets
Authors: Library of Congress Network Development Office
Published: January 2014

The following document was prepared bystaff of the Library of Congress as a workingpaper for discussions on incorporating the techniques described into the MARC communications format .The document defines the principles fo rinclusion of nonroman alphabet charactersets in the MARC communications forma tand the procedural changes needed to allow implementation of the principles. This technique was agreed upon at the MARBI Committee meeting on February 2, 1981.
A Comparison of OCLC, RLG/RLIN, and WLN
Authors: University of Oregon
Published: January 2014

A Comparison of OCLC, RLG/RLIN, and WLN
Book Reviews
Authors: Aveny Brian , Hagyard Alan E. , Lengyel Suzanna , Watson Peter , Gray Carolyn M. , Slade Rod , Ackerman Mark S.
Published: January 2014

Book Reviews
Libraries and Information Services in a Post-Technological Society
Authors: Line Maurice B.
Published: January 2014

Technological imperatives will produce major changes in society in the future, as they have in the past. Post-technological society will affect the way we work, where we live, and how we spend our leisure. Changes in educational and research directions and in publishing and information delivery will affect the role and shape of the library of the future.
The Use of Automatic Indexing for Authority Control
Authors: Dillon Martin , Knight Rebecca C. , Lospinuso Margaret F. , Ulmschneider John
Published: January 2014

Thesaurus-based automatic indexing and automatic authority control share common ground as word-matching processes. To demonstrate the resemblance, an experimental system utilizing automatic indexing as its core process was implemented to perform authority control on a collection of bibliographic records. Details of the system are given and results discussed. The benefits of exploiting the resemblance between the two systems are examined
Electronic Order Transmission
Authors: Long James K.
Published: January 2014

Electronic Order Transmission
Computer-to-Computer Communication in the Acquisition Process
Authors: Paul Sandra K.
Published: January 2014

Computer-to-Computer Communication in the Acquisition Process
Book Reviews
Authors: Thompson Donald , Lau Frances
Published: January 2014

Book Reviews
President's Message
Authors: Trainor Cindi
Published: January 2014

President's Message
Editor's Comments
Authors: Gerrity Robert
Published: January 2014

Editor's Comments
Orthographic Error Patterns of Author Names in Catalog Searches
Authors: Tagliacozzo Renata , Kochen Manfred , Rosenberg Lawrence
Published: January 2014

An investigation of error patterns in author names based on data from a survey of library catalog searches. Position of spelling errors was noted and related to length of name. Probability of a name having a spelling error was found to increase with length of name. Nearly half of the spelling mistakes were replacement errors; following, in order of decreasing frequency, were omission, addition, and transposition errors.
Comparisons of LC Proofslip and MARC Tape Arrival Dates at the University of Chicago Library
Authors: Payne Charles T. , McGee Robert S.
Published: January 2014

A comparison of arrival dates of 5020 LC proofslips and corresponding MARC magnetic tape records reveals that four-fifths of the MARC records were received the same week as, or earlier than, the proofslips.
A Scatter Storage Scheme for Dictionary Lookups
Authors: Murray D. M.
Published: January 2014

Scatter storage schemes are examined with respect to their applicability to dictionary lookup procedures. Of particular interest are virtual scatter methods which combine the advantages of rapid search speed and reasonable storage requirements. The theoretical aspects of computing hash addresses are developed, and several algorithms are evaluated. Finally, experiments with an actual text lookup process are described, and a possible library application is discussed.
Listings of Uncataloged Collections
Authors: Bellomy Fred L. , Jaccarino Lies N.
Published: January 2014

An operational computerized system used by the UCSB Libraries produces listings of bibliographic data about items in collections where full cataloging treatment is not considered justified. The system produces listings of the brief bibliographic records sorted by any of the data elements in the record including up to twenty-five subjects terms. Of special interest are the authority listings of descriptions and the coordinate indexes to the full records.
Book Reviews
Authors: Palmer Foster M. , Hoadley Irene Braden , Bierman Kenneth J. , Salton G.
Published: January 2014

Book Reviews
Discours publicitaire et mythologie touristique
Authors: Kadri Boualem , Hamdani Kadri Djaouida
Published: January 2014

Le voyage organisé ou le « tout inclus » joue un rôle paradoxal dans la dynamique unissant le tourisme et la société. En effet, malgré les critiques sévères évoquées à son endroit, cette forme de tourisme continue néanmoins de diffuser au travers d’un discours publicitaire une image idyllique du voyage, fondée sur la mythologie. Quelle lecture peut-on faire de cette mythologique touristique ? À partir d’un corpus constitué des brochures publicitaires du Club Med publiées dans les décennies 1990 et 2000, cet article a pour objectif de présenter une analyse des mythes en tourisme, dans le sillage de l’approche sémiologique de Roland Barthes et de l’approche anthropologique de Perrotetal.(1992). Il s’agit plus particulièrement de dévoiler comment l’organisation touristique construit un système second, à la fois parasite et mythique, à travers son discours et ses images qui relèvent « du langage de la culture dite de masse », afin d’établir une relation étroite entre le touriste-consommateur, la marque (Club Med) et la destination touristique.
Tourisme et lutte contre la pauvreté
Authors: Sarrasin Bruno , Tardif Jonathan , Arreola Flores Georgina
Published: January 2014

Avec l’adoption en 2000 des objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement par les États membres de l’Organisation des Nations unies, la lutte contre la pauvreté est devenue indissociable du développement. Bien que la plupart des analyses s’attardent encore principalement à ses dimensions économiques, la pauvreté est maintenant comprise par les chercheurs, mais aussi par les institutions gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, comme une notion multidimensionnelle complexe qui interpelle toutes les disciplines. En raison notamment de sa croissance phénoménale dans les pays du Sud au cours de la dernière décennie, le tourisme est souvent envisagé par ces mêmes acteurs comme un vecteur de lutte contre la pauvreté, dont le tourisme « pro-pauvres » demeure l’exemple le mieux connu. À partir de la littérature scientifique publiée en anglais et en français depuis 1995, cet article propose un panorama de la recherche traitant des relations entre le tourisme et la pauvreté dans les pays du Sud. L’analyse de notre corpus confirme que cette relation est rarement abordée par les chercheurs et que ceux-ci contribuent très peu au renouvellement du débat sur le sujet, laissant non résolues les tensions entre la conceptualisation et l’opérationnalisation de ces notions.
Tourisme et « lutte contre la pauvreté » au Kirghizstan post-soviétique (Asie centrale)
Authors: Pabion Mouriès Johanne
Published: January 2014

Le tourisme communautaire a été présenté au Kirghizstan (Asie centrale) comme un moyen de « lutte contre la pauvreté » par les multiples organisations internationales et ONG étrangères implantées dans le pays après l’indépendance. Cet article, basé sur plusieurs expériences de terrain et différentes méthodes d’analyse, met en face à face le « global » et le « local » en confrontant les discours et les objectifs officiels à ce que les acteurs impliqués en font sur le terrain. Il interroge la mise en place et l’appropriation locale d’un programme de développement touristique ayant pour but la réduction de la pauvreté. Il révèle comment l’idée de « lutte contre la pauvreté » est traduite et interprétée pour être, in fine, détournée de son objectif premier. Loin de servir les catégories les plus pauvres, le tourisme communautaire au Kirghizstan renforce le creusement des inégalités.
Professional Integration of Immigrant Teachers in the School System: A literature review
Authors: Niyubahwe Aline , Mukamurera Joséphine , Jutras France
Published: January 2014

This literature review article investigates the professional integration of teachers recently immigrated to Canada and other western countries. Its findings reveal a number of obstacles to the integration of immigrant teachers into the teaching profession. The review summarizes different initiatives facilitating or hampering immigrant teachers’ access to employment and professional integration. It also notes that there is little research on teachers’ professional integration in Western French speaking countries in general, and more particularly in Quebec where these teachers are often relied upon because of the shortage of personnel in this profession.
A Reflection on my Experiences Engaging Teachers in Professional Development on the Integration of Technology Into their Practice
Authors: Fullerton Tom
Published: January 2014

This piece is an autobiographical reflection on practice. Models of professional development are reviewed based on personal experience in the field working with practicing teachers in a variety of capacities. A case is made for teacher inquiry as a model for sustained professional improvement over time that is personally meaningful and potentially transformative. The reader is invited to consider how education technology leaders can leverage the potential of connected classrooms by transforming teacher practice.
Factors Affecting Employment Among Informal Caregivers Assisting People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Buchanan Robert J. , Huang Chunfeng , Zheng Zhida
Published: January 2014

The objective of this study was to identify characteristics of informal caregivers, caregiving, and the people with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving assistance that are associated with reduced caregiver employment. Data were collected during telephone interviews with 530 MS caregivers, including 215 employed caregivers, with these survey data analyzed using logistic regression. Poorer cognitive ability by the care recipient to make decisions about daily tasks and more caregiving hours per week predicted reduced caregiver employment. Better physical health domains of caregiver quality of life were associated with significantly lower odds of reduced employment. Health professionals treating informal caregivers, as well as those treating people with MS, need to be aware of respite, support, and intervention programs available to MS caregivers and refer them to these programs, which could reduce the negative impact of caregiving on employment.
Modification of film structure by plasma potential control using triode high power pulsed magnetron sputtering
Authors: Nakano Takeo , Umahashi Takuya , Baba Shigeru
Published: January 2014

We have designed a new triode configuration in a magnetron sputtering apparatus to control the plasma potential of the discharge. An additional chimney electrode was introduced above the conventional sputter gun to apply a positive voltage. The discharge power was provided by a pulse power source to achieve high power pulsed magnetron sputtering operation. We confirmed that the plasma potential increased with increasing positive electrode voltage. Copper films with substantially flatter surfaces could be obtained on a water-cooled and electrically grounded substrate at an Ar gas pressure of 5 Pa.
Visualizing Genomes with Oligopaint FISH Probes
Authors: Beliveau Brian J. , Apostolopoulos Nicholas , Wu Chao‐ting
Published: January 2014

Oligopaint probes are fluorescently labeled, single‐stranded DNA oligonucleotides that can be used to visualize genomic regions ranging in size from tens of kilobases to many megabases. This unit details how Oligopaint probes can be synthesized using basic molecular biological techniques, and provides protocols for FISH, 3D‐FISH, and sample preparation. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 105:14.23.1‐14.23.20. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Energy input is primary controller of methane bubbling in subarctic lakes
Authors: Wik Martin , Thornton Brett F. , Bastviken David , MacIntyre Sally , Varner Ruth K. , Crill Patrick M.
Published: January 2014

Emission of methane (CH4) from surface waters is often dominated by ebullition (bubbling), a transport mode with high‐spatiotemporal variability. Based on new and extensive CH4 ebullition data, we demonstrate striking correlations (r2 between 0.92 and 0.997) when comparing seasonal bubble CH4 flux from three shallow subarctic lakes to four readily measurable proxies of incoming energy flux and daily flux magnitudes to surface sediment temperature (r2 between 0.86 and 0.94). Our results after continuous multiyear sampling suggest that CH4 ebullition is a predictable process, and that heat flux into the lakes is the dominant driver of gas production and release. Future changes in the energy received by lakes and ponds due to shorter ice‐covered seasons will predictably alter the ebullitive CH4 flux from freshwater systems across northern landscapes. This finding is critical for our understanding of the dynamics of radiatively important trace gas sources and associated climate feedback.
Solar wind control of auroral Alfvénic power generated in the magnetotail
Authors: Zhang B. , Lotko W. , Brambles O. , Xi S. , Wiltberger M. , Lyon J.
Published: January 2014

The effects of solar wind driving conditions on the polar distribution of large‐scale, nondispersive Alfvénic Poynting flux at low altitude during steady magnetosphere convections are studied using three‐dimensional global simulations of the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere interaction. Results from 18 test simulations driven by steady upstream solar wind (SW) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions are used to investigate the relationship between SW/IMF driving and low‐altitude signatures of large‐scale Alfvénic Poynting flux. When the IMF is southward, the intensity of the Alfvénic Poynting flux increases, and the hemispheric integrated Alfvénic Poynting flux exhibits a linear relation with the SW electric field. When the IMF has a By component, the simulated hemispheric Alfvénic power does not fit to the same linear relation. During steady IMF By driving conditions, the low‐altitude regions with enhanced Alfvénic Poynting flux are magnetically connected with magnetospheric dynamo regions on both open and closed field lines. The physical origin of low‐altitude Alfvénic Poynting flux connecting to the closed field line region is similar with that during southward IMF Bz driving. However, the Alfvénic Poynting flux flowing from the open field line dynamo region may be related to the physical process on the magnetopause, and only shear‐mode waves are generated.
Data‐based modeling of the geomagnetosphere with an IMF‐dependent magnetopause
Authors: Tsyganenko N. A.
Published: January 2014

The paper presents first results of the data‐based modeling of the geomagnetospheric magnetic field, using the data of Polar, Geotail, Cluster, and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellites, taken during the period 1995–2012 and covering 123 storm events with SYM‐H ≥ −200 nT. The most important innovations in the model are (1) taking into account the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)‐dependent shape of the model magnetopause, (2) a physically more consistent global deformation of the equatorial current sheet due to the geodipole tilt, (3) symmetric and partial components of the ring current are calculated based on a realistic background magnetic field, instead of a purely dipolar field, used in earlier models, and (4) the validity region on the nightside is extended to ∼40–50 RE. The model field is confined within a magnetopause, based on Lin et al. (2010) empirical model, driven by the dipole tilt angle, solar wind pressure, and IMF Bz. A noteworthy finding is a significant dependence of the magnetotail flux connection across the equatorial plane on the model magnetopause flaring rate, controlled by the southward component of the IMF.