bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
External visible characteristics prediction through SNPs analysis in the forensic setting: a review
Authors: Tozzo Pamela , Politi Caterina , Delicati Arianna , Gabbin Andrea , Caenazzo Luciana
Published: October 2021

Numerous major advances have been made in forensic genetics over the past decade. One recent field of research has been focused on the analysis of External Visible Characteristics (EVC) such as eye colour, hair colour (including hair greying), hair morphology, skin colour, freckles, facial morphology, high myopia, obesity, and adult height, with important repercussions in the forensic field. Its use could be especially useful in investigative cases where there are no potential suspects and no match between the evidence DNA sample under investigation and any genetic profiles entered into criminal databases. The present review represents the current state of knowledge of SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) regarding visible characteristics, including the latest research progress in identifying new genetic markers, their most promising applications in the forensic field and the implications for police investigations. The applicability of these techniques to concrete cases has stoked a heated debate in the literature on the ethical implications of using these predictive tools for visible traits.
Nanomaterials in Alzheimer’s disease treatment: a comprehensive review
Authors: Faiyaz Maryam , Ganayee Mohd. Azhardin , Akhtar Salman , Krishnan Saravanan , Flora Bableen , Dogra Deeksha , Jha Niraj Kumar , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Negi Poonam , Dua Kamal , Kesari Kavindra Kumar , Gupta Piyush Kumar
Published: October 2021

Alzheimer’s, a progressive neurodegenerative disease affects brain and neurons through enormous reduction in nerve cell regenerative capacity. Dementia and impairment of cognitive functions are more prevalent in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients in both industrialized and non-industrialized countries. Various factors play significant role in molecular cascades that leads to neuronal inflammation, dementia and thereby AD progression. Current medications are symptomatic that alleviates pain while lack in absolute cure, urging researchers to explore targets and therapeutics. Interestingly, nanomedicines developed due to the onset of nanotechnology, are being extensively investigated for the treatment of AD. This review presents the advancement in nanotherapeutic strategies, involving the emergence of nanomaterials that offers advantage to pass through the blood-brain barrier and acts as a therapeutic modality against AD.
Tropism and transduction of oncolytic adenovirus vectors in prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Wu Chuang , Wei Fu-kun , Xu Zi-yang , Wen Ru-min , Chen Jia-cun , Wang Jun-qi , Mao Li-jun
Published: October 2021

Oncolytic adenovirus has been applied in cancer therapy because of several advantages such as cost-effective production, high transduction efficiency and low toxicity. Recent efforts have been focused on the modification of oncolytic adenovirus by encoding transgenes within the viral genome to efficiently and selectively replicate within cancer cells, destroy cancerous cells, induce tumor cell apoptosis, and stimulate the recruitment of immune cells to the tumor site. Nevertheless, there are still big challenges for translational research of oncolytic virotherapy in clinical cancer management. Therefore, here we summarize current status on the design and application of oncolytic adenovirus vectors for prostate cancer therapy. In particular, we describe the main receptors associated with the tropism and transduction of oncolytic adenovirus vectors, and propose new directions in future studies for prostate cancer virotherapy.
Ten-eleven translocation proteins (TETs): tumor suppressors or tumor enhancers?
Authors: Ma Cuili , Seong Hwanwook , Liu Yumei , Yu Xiao , Xu Shuanliang , Li Yujing
Published: October 2021

The epigenetic memory stored in the dynamic modifications, such as base modifications of cytosine (C) in DNA, including methylation/hydroxymethylation/demethylation, causes heritable phenotypes via regulating gene expression without alteration of DNA sequence. The process from cytosine modification to the epigenetic effect is orchestrated by complicated machinery consisting of writers, erasers, readers, and other factors. The two major forms of cytosine modification include methylcytosine (5-mC) and hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) including DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B function as writers for 5-mC. The ten-eleven translocation proteins (TET) including TET1, TET2, and TET3 in the mammalian genome are responsible for hydroxymethylation of 5-mC to generate 5-hmC, 5-formylcytosine (5-fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC). The 5-mC and 5-hmC have become the two most extensively investigated epigenetic markers, and the dynamic balance of these two markers shape the landscape of the epigenome, functioning as a platform to regulate gene expression epigenetically. The landscape of the 5-hmC in epigenome is precisely and tightly regulated during the development. Aberrant alterations of the epigenetic regulation may cause severe consequences such as phenotype change as well as initiation of disease. Progressively, significant achievements have been made in characterization of writers, erasers, and readers of 5-mC and 5-hmC, as well as the contribution of aberrant alteration of 5-hmC/5-mC landscape to the pathogenesis of human diseases, such as cancers and neurological disorders. This article will highlight the research advances in the distinct contribution of TET proteins as suppressors or promoters to the pathogenesis of tumorigenesis and progression. Furthermore, this article also discusses the challenges and the directions for research in the future.
Potential roles of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyun , Jiang Mao , Long Lingzhi , Meng Jie
Published: October 2021

Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The primary pathogenesis is over-activation of the immune system. SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate and spread rapidly and no effective treatment options are yet available. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to induce anti-inflammatory macrophages, regulatory T cells and dendritic cells. There are a rapidly increasing number of clinical investigations of cell-based therapy approaches for COVID-19. Objective: To summarize the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, and systematically formulated the immunomodulation of COVID-19 by MSCs and their exosomes, as well as research progress. Method: Searching PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov and Chictr.cn for eligible studies to be published or registered by May 2021. Main keywords and search strategies were as follows: ((Mesenchymal stem cells) OR (MSCs)) AND (COVID-19). Results: MSCs regulate the immune system to prevent cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and to promote endogenous repair by releasing various paracrine factors and exosomes. Conclusions: MSC therapy is thus a promising candidate for COVID-19.
PLANTAS ALIMENTÍCIAS NÃO CONVENCIONAIS NAS ESCOLAS: PROPOSTA DE UMA SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA PARA O ENSINO DA DIVERSIDADE VEGETAL, ALIMENTAR E CULTURAL
Authors: Donizeti dos Reis João , De Cássia Paula Claret Karina , Da Fontoura Custódio Monteiro Vanessa
Published: October 2021

A utilização das Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANC) ainda é pequena pela maioria da população brasileira, tanto pela falta de informação quanto pelo sistema agrícola convencional, que se concentra em monoculturas. No entanto, as PANC têm sido mais estudadas e recebido destaque também nas mídias devido ao potencial nutritivo, à diversificação alimentar e à sustentabilidade. As escolas, como um meio social de ensino e aprendizagem, podem desempenhar papel fundamental na divulgação das Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais para a comunidade, tendo-as também inseridas na merenda escolar. Além disso, essas plantas podem ser instrumentos didáticos no ensino e aprendizagem de Botânica, que é considerado difícil de estudar dentro da disciplina de Biologia. Diante disso, objetivou-se elaborar uma sequência didática estruturada nos Três Momentos Pedagógicos para o ensino da diversidade vegetal, alimentar e cultural com o uso de Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais, voltada para alunos do ensino médio. Foram elencados pontos significativos da implementação dessa estratégia didática, que contribuem com a aprendizagem de conteúdos de Biologia Vegetal e com a formação do aluno como um cidadão, possibilitando a obtenção de práticas de vida mais saudáveis e voltadas para a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente e da sociedade.
ESTADO DA ARTE DAS PUBLICAÇÕES ACERCA DA RESERVA MATA DO PASSARINHO E DO ENTUFADO-BAIANO (Merulaxis stresemanni) COM ÊNFASE NA CONSERVAÇÃO
Authors: Anjos de Moura Marcos , Ferreira de Abreu Mac Conell Érika
Published: October 2021

Resumo: A Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Mata do Passarinho (RPPNMP) é destaque por suas belezas cênicas, abriga uma rica biodiversidade e atua como corredores ecológicos para espécies nativas, além disso, é o último refúgio do entufado-baiano, ave rara e criticamente ameaçada. O trabalho aqui descrito pautou- se por um levantamento da literatura sobre a reserva e o entufado-baiano e, ainda, identificar seus estados de conservação. A pesquisa aqui relatada é do tipo estado da arte e metodologia é embasada na análise de conteúdo, nesse contexto foram mapeados: um artigo, duas dissertações de mestrado, dois resumos e um livro. Os trabalhos mapeados explanam sobre a reserva, localizada em uma porção significativa do bioma Mata Atlântica, no estado de Minas Gerais e Bahia que lideram o ranking no desmatamento provocado pelos efeitos das ações antrópicas prejudicando processos ecológicos, comprometendo habitats e podendo forçar o processo de extinção, como por exemplo, do entufado-baiano. Os trabalhos ainda, abordam sobre a necessidade de utilizar metodologias de ensino, como as sequências didáticas priorizando o conhecimento local dos recursos naturais, além de um olhar mais reflexivo sobre a formação docente voltada para construção de saberes científicos visando o cotidiano do aluno, superação do ensino propedêutico e tradicional. Assim, a reserva e seus recursos naturais é palco para concretização de vários projetos de Educação Ambiental, a população precisa estar mais envolvida na tomada de decisões relativas a questões ambientais promovendo a concretização de políticas públicas.
Peculiarities of forming human resources in the healthcare system of the Republic of Tajikistan during the period of reforms
Authors: Mirzoali N. T.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To analyze trends in the number and structure of physicians in the healthcare system of the Republic of Tajikistan during the period of healthcare reform.Materials and methods. The sources of information were the official data of the Republican Center for Statistics and Medical Information, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan (MoHSP), departments of science, medical and pharmaceutical education, and the personnel department of the MoHSP, and other regulatory legal documents.Results and discussion. In 2019 there were 19,268 doctors active in the health sector, which is 20.7 doctors per 10,000 population. In 2019, there were only 76 private health facilities (WHO, 2020).Conclusions. The even geographic distribution of health workers appears to be one of the challenges in improving access to healthcare in Tajikistan.
Characteristics of osteoporosis in patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Mirzovaliev O. Kh. , Shukurova S. M.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To present a comprehensive assessment of rheumatic diseases in association with osteoporosis.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was made of 180 case histories with various RDs, who were under inpatient observation at the Sughd Regional Clinical Hospital for the period 2018-2019 for the frequency of osteoporosis (OP). Densitometry was used to determine the projection mineral density (in g / cm2) in various parts of the skeleton.Results. When asked about a history of fractures, every third respondent (33.3%) answered positively. According to the results of densitometry, osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory RD was diagnosed in 32.2% of patients. At the same time, the indicators differed significantly by nosology, and the frequency of OP correlated with the intake of corticosteroids. Osteoporosis was detected in every third patient with OA according to densitometry data and in 25% of cases in patients with gout. The results of the analysis to assess the absolute risk of major osteoporotic fractures according to FRAX showed high risk in 2 groups.Conclusion. Thus, the nature and frequency of risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with RA and OA have their characteristics. A history of fractures in patients with RA is often associated with long-term use of GCS, and the presence of menopause in women and the presence of cardiometabolic concomitant diseases play an important role in the progression of AP in patients with OA.
Comparative assessment of fungicidal activity of widespread wild-growing and endemic species of the Allium genus growing in Tajikistan
Authors: Mirzoeva F. D. , Satorov S.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To conduct a comparative assessment of the fungicidal activity of widespread and endemic species of the genus Allium growing in Tajikistan.Material and methods. The initial ethanol extracts were obtained from fresh plants of 15 onion species from different climatic and geographical regions of the Republic of Tajikistan. The antifungal activity of species of the genus Allium was studied against the yeast-like fungi Candida albicans using the disk diffusion method.Results: The highest fungicidal effect on the reference strain of Candida albicans was demonstrated by alcoholic extracts of the widespread wild species A. elatum Regel, A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch, A. obliguum L, and endemic species A. shugnanicum Vved. Low antifungal activity was found in extracts of 4 widespread wild-growing plant species - A. altaicum Pall, A. suworowii Regel, A. carolinianum DC, A.longicuspis L.Conclusions. The antifungal activity of 13 species of widespread wild-growing and 2 endemic species (A.shugnanicum Vved and A. pamiricum Wendelbo) was studied for the first time. A. elatum Regel, A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch, A. obliguum L, and endemic species A. shugnanicum Vved had a maximal inhibitory effect on the yeast fungus. The extracts obtained from the bulbs and seeds of the studied plants are characterized by the highest antifungal activity.
La guerra contra las drogas: desafíos para el derecho internacional humanitario
Authors: Redaelli Chiara
Published: October 2021

Algunos de los episodios de violencia más atroces se cometen en países afectados por el crimen organizado. Los grupos criminales persiguen principalmente objetivos económicos: se benefician de un Estado débil e ineficaz, sin pretender derrocar al gobierno. Por esa razón, no debería sorprendernos que las organizaciones criminales tienden a no ser analizadas desde la perspectiva del derecho internacional humanitario. No obstante, se involucran en actos de violencia armada contra las fuerzas estatales lo que, en la gran mayoría de los casos, genera un impacto dramático en la población. Este artículo examina los desafíos particulares que plantean las organizaciones criminales que son parte en un conflicto armado no internacional desde una perspectiva del derecho internacional humanitario. En primer lugar, la atención se centrará en establecer si los actores económicos, que no persiguen objetivos políticos, pueden ser parte de un conflicto armado no internacional. En segundo lugar, el artículo abordará de manera puntual los desafíos que plantea la estructura altamente horizontal y descentralizada de algunos carteles latinoamericanos dedicados al narcotráfico. Adicionalmente, se analizarán los efectos de la militarización de la guerra contra las drogas. Finalmente, veremos que la estructura peculiar de los carteles de la droga plantea desafíos cruciales para determinar quién es un objetivo legítimo según el derecho internacional humanitario.
La incorporación de facto de la policía a las Fuerzas Armadas: estudio sobre la sentencia del 18 de junio de 2020 de la Sección de Apelación del Tribunal para la Paz de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz
Authors: Acosta Aaron Alfredo , Gómez Pinilla Pablo , Jiménez Ospina Alejandro
Published: October 2021

El estatus de protección de los integrantes de la Policía Nacional bajo el derecho internacional humanitario (dih) en el conflicto armado colombiano ha permanecido en una zona gris tanto normativa como jurisprudencial. La sentencia tp-sa-am 168 de 2020, de la Sección de Apelación del Tribunal para la Paz de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (jep) postula una definición comprehensiva de la controversia y aclara el alcance de dicha protección. Si bien, en principio, la solución propuesta en la sentencia parece acorde con las normas del derecho internacional humanitario, la utilización de la función continua de combate como criterio para definir la incorporación de facto a las Fuerzas Armadas y las excepciones a dicha incorporación parecen desviarse de lo dispuesto en tal régimen normativo. En este artículo hacemos una explicación de la sentencia, los hechos que la rodearon y la subregla desarrollada por la Sección de Apelación de la jep, al tiempo que presentamos observaciones frente a los puntos que consideramos problemáticos y que quedaron sin resolver.
Pelatihan Perencanaan Promosi Desa Wisata Kampung Paniis, Pandeglang Banten
Authors: Roganda Parlindungan Davis
Published: October 2021

Salah satu konsep yang pengembangan objek wisata melalui komunitas dikenal dengan Community Based Tourism (CBT). Dimana konsep CBT ini merupakan wujud peran aktif warga lokal dalam pengembangan aspek-aspek yang memiliki daya tarik wisata didaerahnya serta memiliki otoritas yang dominan dalam pengelolaannya, dimana pada akhirnya dampak dan manfaat bisa dirasakan langsung oleh warga lokal tersebut terutama dari sisi ekonomi. Pada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini lebih fokus pada sektor wisata desa yang dikelola oleh komunitas warga lokal dengan nama Kelompok Paniis Lestari. Kelompok Paniis Lestari sendiri adalah salah satu kelompok masyarakat warga lokal yang dibina oleh WWF-Indonesia yang berlokasi di Kampung Paniis, Desa Taman Jaya, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten. Orientasi kegiatan kelompok ini sendiri adalah ekowisata bahari dibidang kelautan dan pelestarian alam biota. Untuk pelatihan dilakukan secara online melalui jaringan internet dengan menggunakan aplikasi zoom dalam bentuk videoconference dengan peserta dari para pengurus dan anggota komunitas Paniis Lestari. Dalam pemberian materi pelatihan diberikan arah dan saran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan para pengurus dan anggota dalam menyusun program promosi desa wisata agar lebih terarah.
Synanthropy of dipterans collected in cattle feces in Brazil
Authors: Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Published: October 2021

Cattle feces accumulated in pastures and stables constitute an especially favorable microhabitat for the development of a rich and heterogeneous arthropod fauna. This study determined the species of Diptera of Medical, Veterinary and Agricultural importance present in forest, rural and urban areas in the municipality of Monte Alegre, state Minas Gerais Southeast region, Brazil in the period from March to November 2006. The dipterans pupae were individually placed in glass jars until the emergence of the dipterans. A total of 372 dipteran pupae were collected, 107 in the forest area, 194 in the rural area and 71 in the urban area. Percentage of dipterans in forest, rural and urban areas were 28.7%, 52.2% and 19.1%, respectively. Sorcophagula occidua (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was the most frequent species with 42.2%. Regarding the synanthropy index of the species Archisepsis scabra (Loew, 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae) Palaeosepsis pusio (Schiner, 1868) (Diptera: Sepsidae), Brontaea quadristigma (Thomson, 1869) (Diptera: Muscidae) and S. occidua presented an index of 16.0%, - 64%, +18.4% and +7.7%, respectively. Dipterans constitute the adequate model for the study of synanthropy, not only for their ecological importance, but also for their medical-sanitary aspect.
Aleochara notula Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) as a natural enemy of dipterans in chicken and cattle feces in Brazil
Authors: Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Published: October 2021

The feces in chicken farms and in cattle raising causes accumulations of manure that are an excellent substrate for the proliferation of Diptera. To control these insects, a management program must integrate cultural, chemical, and biological methods. This study reports the occurrence of Aleochara notula Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in chicken and cattle feces in Brazil. Manure samples, collected at two-week intervals, were taken to the laboratory and the pupae were extracted by water flotation. Each pupa was placed in colorless gelatin capsules until the appearance of the flies or their parasitoids. Percentages of parasitism in chicken and cattle feces were 0.33% and 0.3%, respectively.
Divorce, Loss and Grief: An Overview of Their Effect on Children and Adolescents and Theoretical Framework
Authors: YILDIRIM Oğuzhan
Published: October 2021

During the marriage process, parents play a very important role for their children's mental health, social and emotional development. The development of children who grow up in a peaceful environment with their parents and do not experience parental loss is healthy. However, frequent and severe conflicts and disagreements within the family affect children negatively in many ways. Like adults, children and adolescents may encounter many negative experiences throughout their lives. The experience of losing a loved one can also reveal feelings such as sadness, anxiety, hopelessness, anger, and guilt. Individuals in childhood and adolescence, whose personality, social, emotional and psychological development continue, can also be seriously affected by these negative experiences. In this context, in this study, theoretical information about the divorce of parents, loss and grief processes were examined based on the literature, and the effects of these experiences on children and adolescents were discussed.
Investigation of Popular Children's Literature Works in Terms of Root Values: Exaggeration Dust and Grandpa’s Grocery
Authors: YAZICIOĞLU Seray , KARAKUŞ Neslihan
Published: October 2021

Children's literature products are of great importance in the development of children, in the formation of their characters and additive identities. Children reach children's literature products through lessons from the moment they start school with the contribution of the family in the pre-school period. In addition to acquainting children with literary works and gaining reading habits, it is important which books they read. Because the most effective power that provides social continuity between societies is education. Social values, awareness of being human, family, individual and citizen, in short, cultural accumulation can be transferred to the child through education. One of the best tools to provide this transfer in educational institutions is literary products. For this reason, it is important to examine the values in children's literature and the way these values are handled in a positive and negative way. The aim of this research is to read Şermin Yaşar's books, Exaggeration Dust and Grandpa’s Grocery, which are found to be widely read by secondary school students, based on the ten root values (justice, friendship, honesty, self-control, patience, respect, love, responsibility, patriotism, helpfullnes) in the Turkish Lesson Curriculum of the Ministry of National Education. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research, and content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, while the values of respect (26%), helpfulness (17%) and honesty (14%) were the most common values in the book of Grandpa’sGrocery, the values of patriotism (0%) and patience (1%) were the least included; In the Exaggeration Dust book, the values of love (23%), responsibility (20%) and helpfullness (18%) were most frequently included, while patriotism (1%) and honesty (2%) values were the least included.
Highways to Growth: Infrastructure and Economic Performance in Africa
Authors: Chuku Chuku , Simpasa Anthony , Ekpo Akpan
Published: October 2021

In this study, we investigate the extent to which infrastructure development affects economic performance in Africa. To pick up the economy-wide effects and possible feedback mechanism from network externalities, we jointly estimate a system of equations that endogenizes the relationship between infrastructure demand and supply with an aggregate output equation, using nonlinear 3SLS-GMM techniques. We find causal evidence of a significant positive link between infrastructure development and economic growth, especially for transport infrastructure. We also find evidence of infrastructure’s increasing returns to growth, with the strongest growth potential materializing after a critical mass of infrastructure has been built and network externalities kick in. One policy implication from our findings is that it is “big-push” and not marginal infrastructure improvements that are required to attain a critical mass, kick start network externalities, and fully unlock infrastructure’s growth potential for the continent. Our results reinforce the case for regional infrastructure integration in Africa.
Bringing Home the Picture: Mark Twain's Anti-Imperialism as Visual Mediation
Authors: Pasqualina Stephen
Published: October 2021

This essay examines Twain's anti-imperialism as a theory and method of visual mediation. In so doing, the essay reveals the degree to which Twain appropriated methods of colonial visual culture to formulate his critiques of imperialism, and it reconsiders the relationship between Twain's anti-imperialism and his late embrace of a mechanistic, determinist philosophy of history and of human nature. The essay brings together a wide range of Twain's late work—including Following the Equator, King Leopold's Soliloquy, “To the Person Sitting in Darkness,” What Is Man?, “The United States of Lyncherdom,” and Twain's autobiographical dictation on the Moro Crater Massacre—to consolidate a theory and method of “bringing home the picture” from Twain's wide-ranging experiments in visual mediation. The essay argues that Twain's primary contributions to anti-imperialist thought lie principally in the mediational strategies he developed to transmute geopolitical abstractions into immediate images.
Reading and Editing “the Exquisitely Bad”
Authors: McGunigal Lisa
Published: October 2021

This article examines Mark Twain's lifelong interest in reading and criticizing satirically—both privately and publicly—poorly written poetry, especially obituary poetry, for its emotional detachment and inability to convey the depth of sincere grief.
A-5 Rules and Principles of Evidence in Shariah & Pakistani Law (A Comparative study between Islamic law and Pakistani Law)
Authors: Maula Fazl-e- , Khan Javed , Khan Yahya
Published: October 2021

After Trust in Allah the Shahadah (Evidence)  plays very substantial role in the declaration of Sharia guidelines which certify a peaceful and restful socity.Evidence  has been certified a great worship in all the Islamic schools of considerations. The impartial of this article is to understand and  throw  light on the clear position of a witness, his assertiveness, behavior and his professional accountabilities. This article deliberates a comparative study of the qualification and characteristics of a witness in perspective of Sharia and Pakistani laws. This article has a great importance for law authorities; it will also be helpful for judicial body, and its ethics etc. The research question  for this article is a comparative analysis of the Courts system of Pakistan and its restriction in circle of Islamic law and Sharia perceptions. It is a study of thoughts and ideas so I choose qualitative, comparative method of research for this persistence. As I wrote the main text of Pakistani Acts about witness behaviors, after that I made translate it then I brought the text of Sharia against the law and it would be compared each other according the sharia viewpoints. Therefore this article would be helpful and useful to all who may concerned with judiciary services. Also it will serve as a guideline and basic steps and as a road map in future for legislation on the judicial ethics according to Sharia rules. The special angle of this article is the comparison of Sharia Judges and common government civil law based judges, their activities and characteristics according to sharia standards.
A-6 Regulations for Working with the Precautionary Principle in Islamic Jurisprudence and Its Impact on Contemporary Jurisprudence: A Jurisprudential Theoretical Study
Authors: Khan Israr , Rehman Zia ur
Published: October 2021

Many of the jurisprudential maters are extracted based on the principle of precaution in the jurisprudence books, but despite this they are devoid of stating the details about working with it. So when religious scholars graduate from religious schools after reading those books of jurisprudence and go to society, they use it in most contemporary jurisprudential issues. But sometime this thing leads to illegal precaution. So therefore it is necessary to us to know the rules for working with it in Islamic jurisprudence. As for this paper, it mentions the rules for working with it in order to facilitate its use in contemporary jurisprudence.
E-1 Intelligence Dimensions of Battle of Uhad
Authors: Khoso Nasir Majeed , Saifee Aziz-ur-Rehman , Badruddin Qari
Published: October 2021

The knowledge of Intelligence/espionage is part of the secret branches of knowledge. Intelligence is the name of true and authentic information the acquisition of which is not possible generally without intense struggle and endeavor. It is such a knowledge that belongs both to the state of war and peace. It is the study of such a knowledge which is about the power and of the enemy forces and about such circumstances in which an armed action can be taken against the enemy. In other words, its objective is to have a correct, balanced and highly accurate analysis of the situation and the availability of information all the time about foes’ capabilities and intentions. The required information is gathered about the enemy during the peace time and the commander fights from beginning to the end during a war by keeping in view this information. The Battle of Uhad is a fine example of the intelligence victories. The timely transmission of information to the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) about the plan of the Quraish prepared in utmost secrecy, variation in the war strategy according to the prevailing scenarios by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) and keep changing his strategy constantly according to the information acquired was a brilliant example of his complete mental and practical harmony with his intelligence department. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) always used to have flexibility in his war strategies and used to amend them off and on as per the information received.
E-18 An Overview of the Connection of Hindûism with the Semitic Religions
Authors: Shoukat Musarat , Kausar Sajila , Hassan Muhammad AsimUl
Published: October 2021

In this article, it has been endeavoured to analyze the similarities of Hinduism with the Semitic religions i.e Christianity, Islam and Judaism. There are a lot of basic and stem similarities between them which are directly relevent to the society. We have become use to of treating other religions negatively but if we want to create harmony at the international level, there are many dimensions of every religion which have become the embassador to create harmony, peace and love at least in this world. All these things are the part and parcell of this piece of writing.
E-HRM transformacija: izazovi i prednosti u e-učenju zaposlenih
Authors: Tanasijević Tamara
Published: October 2021

Transformation of e-HRM is a process which strated nearly two decades ago and still continues due to increasing needs of companies around the world to keep abreast and to improve their competitiveness on the market. Since e-HRM is an adequate business solution for complete on-line management support in all activities, it creates new conditions for the development and improvement of the e-learning process of employed. Despite numerous benefits of e-HRM trenasformation regarding the e-learning, its appearance and development also implies some challenges. Therefore, we intend to depict the general trend of understanding and development of e-HRM transformation and its implications for e-learning of employed. We will also point out the possibilities of application of specific tools through introduction of technology in HR-processes such as: recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, where we can clearly perceive innovation but also the obstacles that e-HRM transformation brings into the process of e-learning.
Mogućnosti bosanskohercegovačkih online medija u informiranju i edukaciji o euroatlanskim integracijama
Authors: Osmančević Enes , Mehmedović Mirza
Published: October 2021

The current political and economic relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina society imply specific approach to media reporting about accession process of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Euro-Atlantic integration, especially to Europian Union and NATO, as specific frames for Bosnian international politics. Defined by internal political conflicts, but alos by this year elections, processes of international politics and accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Euro-Atlantic integration represent special object of media interest, both traditional and new (online) media. This work primarly describes certain segments of media reports in online media, analyzing fulfillment of basic journalistic standards, about also specific newmedia characteristics related exclusively for online media, theirs ubiquity, multimediality, speed, adaptability, informativity, educability and interaction with online audience. It is very important to say when we explained some research results, we had in mind level of development in online media in Bosnia and Herzegovina, their human and technical resources, culture of bosnian online communication, but also total current communication sitaution in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Andragoški praktikum za obrazovni menadžment - VIARO model u programu rukovodilaca
Authors: Jasika Azra
Published: October 2021

The need for a comprehensive training program for managers in schools as business organizations is argued in this paper, along with recommnedations for its implementation. It is proposed that meeting training be included as part of this program, from planning and conducting meetings to decision-making and implemetation. The program's recommendations were based on findings from interviews with scool principals, documentation analyses, and the author's own self reflection on her managerial work. Time, experiences, analyses, reasons and trainings are the four parts that make up the VIARO model as means and tool for enhancing the capabilities of all school staff in the posotion of meeting participants. The paper describes its role, goals and significance from the standpoint of adult learning and education outcomes.
Costing analysis of field implementation of hepatitis C case detection in rural Maung Russey operational district, Cambodia
Authors: Han Su Myat , Por Ir , Samley Keo , Bunreth Voeurng , Smith Chris , Ariyoshi Koya , Dousset Jean-Philippe , Le Paih Mickeal
Published: October 2021

Background: When a new health programme is introduced, it is crucial to estimate the costs for rational health policy decision-making. The aim of this study was to determine the costs of implementing two strategies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening in rural Cambodia. Methods: We retrospectively analysed clinical and cost data that were collected routinely for a demonstration project for scaling up HCV screening and testing in Cambodia. The programme data were collected between March and December 2018 in Maung Russey operational district in Battambang Province, Cambodia. Findings: During the study period, 24 230 people were screened; 1194 (5%) were HCV seropositive, of whom 793 (66%) were confirmed to be viraemic. During the study period, 18% of the estimated population of the operational district were screened, of whom 45% were estimated to be seropositive and 41% to be viraemic. With passive screening alone, 8% of the estimated population were screened, of whom 29% were estimated to be seropositive and 28% viraemic. The cost per detected viraemic case was US$ 194 for passive screening alone and US$ 283 for passive and active screening combined. Labour costs (31%) and tests and materials (29%) comprised the largest proportions of the cost. Conclusion: Combined active and passive screening per viraemic case detected was US$ 89 more expensive than passive screening alone but provided a higher yield (41% versus 28%) of viraemic cases. Therefore, adding active screening to passive screening is beneficial. Selective active screening strategies, such as targeting people over 45 years and other higher-risk groups, added value for HCV diagnosis.
Environmental sampling for SARS-CoV-2 at a reference laboratory and provincial hospital in central Viet Nam, 2020
Authors: Đỗ Thái Hùng , Nguyễn Văn Thành , Đinh Thế Hùng , Lê Xuân Huy , Nguyễn Quang Chiêu , Lê Văn Quân , Nguyễn Bảo Triệu , Nguyễn Ngọc Bích Ngân , Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Phúc , Huỳnh Kim Mai , Trịnh Hoàng Long , Lê Thị Kim Trang , Diệp Thùy Dung , Đỗ Thủy Thị Thu , Bùi Hiền Thị Thu , Finlay Alyssa , Nguyễn Quốc Việt , Gould Philip
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine whether environmental surface contamination with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred at a provincial hospital in Viet Nam that admitted patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and at the regional reference laboratory responsible for confirmatory testing for SARS-CoV-2 in 2020. Methods: Environmental samples were collected from patient and staff areas at the hospital and various operational and staff areas at the laboratory. Specimens from frequently touched surfaces in all rooms were collected using a moistened swab rubbed over a 25 cm2 area for each surface. The swabs were immediately transported to the laboratory for testing by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Throat specimens were collected from staff at both locations and were also tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time RT-PCR. Results: During the sampling period, the laboratory tested 6607 respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2 from patients within the region, and the hospital admitted 9 COVID-19 cases. Regular cleaning was conducted at both sites in accordance with infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. All 750 environmental samples (300 laboratory and 450 hospital) and 30 staff specimens were negative for SARS-CoV-2. Discussion: IPC measures at the facilities may have contributed to the negative results from the environmental samples. Other possible explanations include sampling late in a patient’s hospital stay when virus load was lower, having insufficient contact time with a surface or using insufficiently moist collection swabs. Further environmental sampling studies of SARS-CoV-2 should consider including testing for the environmental presence of viruses within laboratory settings, targeting the collection of samples to early in the course of a patient’s illness and including sampling of confirmed positive control surfaces, while maintaining appropriate biosafety measures.
Viagens acadêmicas como registro do Patrimônio: A cidade de Penedo nas margens do São Francisco
Authors: Silva Eder Donizeti , Nogueira Adriana Dantas
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta o relato das viagens acadêmicas realizadas entre 2016 e 2019 à cidade histórica de Penedo, às margens do Rio São Francisco, que teve como prerrogativa a atividade extensionista com alunos do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, alunos da Oficina Escola de ensino de conservação e restauro da Cidade de Laranjeiras. Objetivo de conhecer in situ a história da arquitetura brasileira, uma vez que os monumentos e edificações visitados guardam a identidade e memória de vários períodos históricos. A investigação propiciou experiências de extremo valor prático, como a percepção da técnica ilusionista renascentista presente na pintura no forro da Igreja de Santa Maria dos Anjos, entre outras, além do contato com as rotinas necessárias às ações de intervenção (conservação e restauro) de edifícios portadores de juízo de valor patrimonial. Observações que ativaram a relação de identidade e memória do indivíduo com o meio, predispondo a formação mais completa de arquitetos e técnicos como agentes difusores multiplicadores da preservação, prevenção, conservação e restauro do patrimônio cultural.
Aprendizagem de modelos atômicos em atividades colaborativas com mapeamento da Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal em jogos móveis
Authors: Barbosa Marcela dos Santos , Pio José Luiz de Souza
Published: October 2021

O aprendizado de química no primeiro ano do ensino médio tem início com o estudo do átomo, que é imprescindível para o entendimento dos demais conteúdos científicos que serão futuramente ensinados. Neste viés, ao aprender o conteúdo de atomística o aluno inicia um processo que, segundo Vygotsky, define a distância entre o nível de desenvolvimento real, determinado pela capacidade de resolver um problema sem ajuda e o Nível de desenvolvimento potencial, determinado através de resolução de um problema sob a orientação de um adulto ou em colaboração com outro aluno, conhecida como zona de desenvolvimento proximal (ZDP). Por meio da ZDP pode-se entender o curso interno do progresso cognitivo, concedendo o acesso do que já foi aprendido e ao que está em maturação. Dessa forma, com o intuito de desenvolver o aprendizado de atomística associado ao processo de desenvolvimento da ZDP, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para o ensino e aprendizagem de modelos atômicos utilizando como base um jogo móvel de química, desenvolvido para ser utilizado numa atividade colaborativa. Para avaliar e validar a abordagem, jogo foi aplicado junto à 16 alunos do 1º ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública de Manaus/AM. Os resultados evidenciam que a atividade colaborativa com jogo móvel contribuiu para o aprendizado de modelos atômicos.
Kako zaštiti starije osobe?
Authors: Baturina Danijel
Published: October 2021

Hrvatsko društvo, kao i europska društva, neumitno demografski stari. Naslovljavanje potreba starijih osoba i poboljšavanje njihova položaja u društvu strateški je izazov za socijalnu politiku, ali i održavanje socijalne kohezije u društvu. Starije osobe u Hrvatskoj su u višestruko nepovoljnom položaju, u pogledu financijskog statusa, društvenog položaja i obilježja skrbi. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati kakva je perspektiva starijih osoba i mišljenja stručnjaka o njihovu specifičnom položaju u društvu i zajednici, njihovoj ranjivosti na nasilje te mogućnosti prevencije nasilja. Rad se temelji na kvalitativnoj metodi prikupljanja i analize podataka, unutar koje su se provele fokusne grupe u pet sjevernih hrvatskih županija. Analizom okvira su se unutar četiriju tema – znanje stručnjaka o učestalosti, tipovima i izvoru nasilja nad starijim osobama, karakteristike starijih osoba i čimbenici rizika nasilja nad njima, obilježja skrbi za starije osobe koje ih mogu činiti ranjivim na nasilje, prevencija i mehanizmi za sprečavanje nasilja nad starijim osobama – ustanovile kategorije i pojmovi koji su prikazani u radu. Diskusija stavlja rezultate u kontekst onoga što socijalne politike, ali i drugi aspekti društva, trenutno rade, ali i što mogu učiniti u budućnosti kako bi se preveniralo nasilje nad starijim osoba i izgradilo mostove prema njihovoj većoj socijalnoj uključenosti u društvo. Zaključak donosi određene preporuke za politike i stručni rad kao i mapiranje područja djelovanja.
Duhovnost bez Boga
Authors: Vujica Kristina , Tanjić Željko
Published: October 2021

U ovom članku bavimo se pitanjem duhovnosti bez Boga razrađenim u filozofiji francuskog filozofa i ateista Andréa Comte‑Sponvillea. Najprije se nameće zahtjev predstaviti autora kao novo ime u hrvatskom teološkom diskursu. Potom se bavimo jednim važnim dijelom njegove filozofije koji se odnosi na duhovnosti bez Boga kakvu obrazlaže unutar svojeg materijalističkog i ateističkog svjetonazora. U njegovoj interpretaciji pitanje je razrađeno na filozofsko‑religijskom području koje zahtijeva i takav pristup. Stoga polazimo od njegova razumijevanja duha unutar naturalističke, materijalističke i imanentističke pozicije, gdje je duh shvaćen proizvodom prirode i njome potpuno objašnjiv. To povlači implikacije shvaćanja duha u okviru determinizma i redukcionizma, gdje je zanijekana sloboda volje. Jednako je i na području duhovnosti, gdje Comte‑Sponville smatra da je duhovnost prirodna kao što je i duh prirodan. Stoga duhovnost bez Boga ne smatra proturječnom, čak štoviše, u svojim duhovnim iskustvima drži da mu je ateizam prednost. Govoreći o svojem mističnom iskustvu, naslanja se na budističku misao gdje pronalazi mogućnost objašnjenja misterija i apsoluta spram svijeta i zbilje. Na tragu tih dvaju pitanja: pitanja duha i duhovnosti bez Boga, ispitat ćemo utemeljenje takve misli i prakse vodeći se njegovom razradom unutar filozofskog diskursa kao i budističke tradicije. Comte‑Sponville nastoji ono duhovno, neizrecivo i otajstveno staviti u središte ljudskog interesa i to je velik doprinos suvremenoj filozofskoj misli. Uspijeva li duhovnost, makar s ateističkim predznakom, opstati bez pozivanja na Boga i religiju, pitanje je koje nas ovdje osobito zaokuplja.
Cjelovit odgoj
Authors: Singbo Odilon-Gbènoukpo , Mališa Snježana
Published: October 2021

Autori u radu istražuju izvore sintagme »cjelovit odgoj« te njegovu recepciju u katoličkom nauku o odgoju. Polazeći od kršćanske antropologije, obrazlažu razne implikacije takvog pristupa odgojnom procesu te moguće putove za njegovo ostvarenje u suvremenom kontekstu. Rad je podijeljen u tri dijela. U prvoj točki pod naslovom »Na izvorištu pojma: povijesno‑analitički prikaz« obrađuje se i analizira povijesni izvor pojma cjelovitog odgoja te razumijevanje toga pojma u crkvenim dokumentima te kod domaćih i stranih autora, a posebno u tzv. cjelovitom humanizmu Jacquesa Maritaina. Druga točka pod naslovom »Izabrani teološko‑pedagoški naglasci o cjelovitom odgoju « ističe kršćansku antropologiju kao temelj i izvor ispravnog oblikovanja sadržaja cjelovitog odgoja, uzimajući u obzir suvremene vrijednosne okolnosti koje zahtijevaju nove relacijske dinamike u samom odgojnom procesu. Treća točka rada pod naslovom »Pedagogija srca kao put cjelovitog odgoja« bavi se povezanošću kognitivne i afektivne dimenzije osobe te potrebom za shvaćanjem njezine jedinstvenosti i jednosti, ističući glavne crte Isusove pedagogije i pedagogije Crkve. Takva pedagogija u svojoj je biti personalistička. Kroz rad jasno se ističe utjecaj Jacquesa Maritaina na eksplicitno oblikovanje crkvenog pristupa odgoju. Težište je stavljeno na posadašnjenje antropološko‑teološko‑pedagoškog pristupa cjelovitom odgoju, na kršćanski odgoj kao model cjelovitog odgoja i na njegove moguće primjene. U zaključnom dijelu rada ukazuje se na potrebu povratka na izvore katoličkoga cjelovitog pristupa odgoju. Taj pristup iziskuje entuzijastičku otvorenost srca odgajatelja i odgajanika kroz vjeru u vrhovnog učitelja Isusa Krista.