bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive therapy of lymphatic malformations in patients treated in the Paediatric Teaching Clinical Hospital, University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw (DSK UCK WUM)
Authors: Wasilewska Agata , Badełek-Izdebska Małgorzata , Zawadzka-Głos Lidia , Krysiak Remigiusz , Żyłkowski Jarosław
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are benign lesions thought to be caused by the abnormal development of the lymphatic system in utero. Most commonly, LMs affect the head and neck. Because of LM morphology and location close to important vascular and nervous structures, surgical treatment is difficult, associated with a high risk of complications, and often incomplete. Aim. Bleomycin sclerotherapy is a recognised minimally invasive technique used in the treatment of LMs. We present the outcomes of bleomycin therapy of LMs located in the head and neck area in children receiving therapy in our centre. Material and methods. Between September 2017 and October 2019, treatment with bleomycin was provided to a total of 6 patients with LMs of the head and neck, aged from 3 weeks to 10 years. The procedures were performed under ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy guidance. The aspects analysed included the number of procedures applied in patients, drug doses, treatment response and complications. Results. In 4 patients, the LM was located on the neck, in 1 patient ? on the neck and in the mediastinum, and in 1 patient in the cheek region. Three patients underwent 2 procedures, 1 patient ? 3 procedures, and 2 patients ? 1 procedure. The treatment outcome was excellent and good in 4 patients and 1 patient, respectively. However, in 1 patient, the therapeutic effect was unsatisfactory, and a decision was made to administer another course of treatment. The maximum single dose of bleomycin was 10,000 IU; the dose of 700 IU/kg BW was not exceeded. No complications were observed after the procedures. Conclusions. Preliminary results suggest that bleomycin sclerotherapy of LMs in the head and neck region in children is an effective and safe treatment modality.
The relationship between maternal nutrition in pregnancy and early childhood caries – a systematic literature review
Authors: Kobylińska Angelika , Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Odontogenesis of deciduous teeth is dependent on the intrauterine environment and shaped, among other things, by prenatal maternal nutrition. Proper deve-lopment of deciduous dentition, formation and mineralisation of the enamel and dentin determines the susceptibility to cariogenic factors. The current knowledge of the effects of prenatal nutrition and supplementation on the risk of early childhood caries (ECC) is unclear. Aim. An evaluation of the relationship between maternal nutrition in pregnancy and the risk of early childhood caries (ECC). Material and methods. A systematic review of literature on the association between prenatal maternal nutrition and early childhood caries was performed based on both electronic and manual search through medical databases, i.e. PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE, which allowed to identify 6 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBINS-I questionnaire and a quality assessment of original papers was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results. All analysed works were at a risk of bias associated with confounders affecting the intervention and interpretation of results. Four works were considered to be of good quality (NOS > 6) and two other of medium quality. Conclusions. An increased maternal intake of vitamin D, calcium, dairy products, yoghurts and cheeses in pregnancy is an important factor reducing the risk of dental caries in their children. The risk of ECC is increased in the case of vitamin D deficiency, low intake of calcium and a diet high in fatty acids and carbohydrates.
Analiza obrazu klinicznego niedokrwistości z niedoboru witaminy B12 u dzieci
Authors: Pankiewicz Aleksandra , Adamowicz-Salach Anna , Karwacki Marek W. , Pawelec Katarzyna , Albrecht Katarzyna , Celi Ewa , Sikorska-Fic Barbara , Chyżyński Bartosz , Siwicka Alicja , Matysiak Michał
Published: April 2021

Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency could be difficult due to various and rather unspecific symptoms and often late manifestation in hematological findings. B12 has a crucial role as cofactor of many metabolic pathways and has essential role in many processes such as DNA synthesis, neuron myelination and gluconeogenesis. Blood smear has a huge role in early diagnosis and should be performed. B12 deficiency is not very common, however could be underestimated especially in developing countries. In children main cause of deficiency is exclusively breastfeeding by vitamin B12 depleted mothers. Consequences of low intake in children are more severe than in adults, because of lower liver storage. Early detection and treatment is very important, because long term deficiency could result in persistent neurological damage. Coexistence iron or folate deficiencies could result delay in diagnosis. In this article different manifestation and laboratory findings in group of children with B12 deficiency is described.
Direct pulp capping in permanent teeth in children – tertiary dentin formation, materials used. Part II
Authors: Kolasa Malwina , Szczepańska Joanna
Published: April 2021

Direct pulp capping involves placing therapeutic material on mechanically or traumatically exposed pulp. The most essential requirement of therapeutic success is clinical state of the pulp which should be healthy or in reversible pulpitis. The method is particularly recommended for young permanent teeth due to the high regenerative potential of dental pulp. The mechanisms underlying these repair processes involve the ability of odontoblasts to form dentin bridges via tertiary dentin deposition. If pulp exposure occurs, a layer of odontoblasts is killed and must be replaced with a new odontoblastic population, which differentiates from pulpal stem cells under the influence of a therapeutic agent applied on the pulp. In addition to odontotropic properties and the ability to stimulate production of qualitatively satisfying dentinal bridge, the substance used for pulp capping should be biocompatible, not stain dental tissues, exhibit good adhesion to them, and insolubility in dentin tubule fluid or water. So far an agent which meets all the requirements mentioned above has not been invented. It is crucial to continue research to develop a substance that will yield the best effects in direct pulp capping.
Individualised caries prevention with fluoride in children and adolescents – recommendations of Polish experts
Authors: Kaczmarek Urszula , Jackowska Teresa , Mielnik-Błaszczak Maria , Jurczak Anna , Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota
Published: April 2021

In addition to proper diet, the use of fluoride is the primary and effective method for the prevention of dental caries in primary and permanent dentition. Knowledge and compliance with the current guidelines for the use of different strategies and agents containing fluoride compounds is crucial for ensuring safety and efficacy of prevention. A panel of experts in paediatric dentistry and paediatrics was established as part of the working group of the Polish Branch of Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future (ACFF) to update the position on individual fluoride prevention in children and adolescents in Poland. We conducted a literature review on the knowledge of fluoride prevention, its use in the paediatric population in Poland, efficacy and safety of fluoride-containing preventive agents, as well as recommendations on fluoride prophylaxis issued by academic organisations and societies in different countries worldwide. The first version of the document was discussed and accepted by the panel of experts on paediatrics and paediatric dentistry on the 4th of April 2019. Update was scheduled for not later than 5 years after publication. This document includes basic data on the knowledge of fluoride prevention in parents, children and adolescents, the anticariogenic mechanism of fluoride, the safety and efficacy of different methods for individual fluoride prophylaxis, and the principles for its use depending on age and the risk of caries.
Znieczulenie miejscowe u pacjentów w wieku rozwojowym
Authors: Kołakowska Anna , Pigan Anna
Published: April 2021

The article is based on the analysis of the literature and the latest international guidelines of dental associations in order to systematize the knowledge of doctors. The paper discusses local anesthetic agents such as lignocaine, benzocaine, articaine or mepivacaine, many times used in daily practice by dentists. Various anesthetic techniques, including computer-controlled systems for administering anesthesia, are described in the publication. The topic of teething preparations containing anesthetics and the risks associated with their use were also discussed, so that dentists could warn against their use of carers and parents of children and thus reduce the number of complications after their use. Contraindications to the use of analgesia have been presented and the complications that may occur after their administration have been characterized, thanks to which the right choice of the appropriate agent for analgesia will reduce the risk of possible complications after local anesthesia. The authors hope that after reading the article, doctors will be confident in using the benefits of local anesthetics.
Gramática do Português Brasileiro
Authors: Castilho Ataliba Teixeira de
Published: April 2021

Historio neste texto o Projeto de Gramática do Português Falado (1988-2016), bem como o Projeto NURC, que o antecedeu. São relacionados seus participantes, os seminários coletivos realizados, a articulação teórica, as publicações preliminares e, finalmente a consolidação dos resultados numa série de 7 volumes. Esse projeto fez do Português Brasileiro a primeira língua da România Nova a ter sua variedade culta amplamente descrita.
Ceftriaxone treatment of syphilis
Authors: Katunin Georgiy L. , Plakhova Xenia I. , Abuduev Nazirbek K. , Vasiliev Michael M.
Published: April 2021

The article presents literature data on the use of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of patients with syphilis, where the main focus is on ceftriaxone. Based on the materials of national and foreign studies, data on the effectiveness of ceftriaxone in the treatment of patients with various forms of syphilis have been analyzed, and information characterizing the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic features of ceftriaxone has been presented. Based on the scientific and clinical experience accumulated over previous years, both in Russia and abroad, some results of the use of ceftriaxone in the treatment of syphilis have been summed up. To search for the necessary literature, the PubMed, MedLine, Web of Science and RSCI databases were used.
Revisiting the question of pemphigus classification
Authors: Samtsov Alexey V. , Sokolovskiy Evgeny V. , Teplyuk Natalia P. , Belousova Irena E. , Kokhan Muza M. , Matushevskaya Elena V.
Published: April 2021

Analysis of various classifications of pemphigus shows that there are no fundamental differences between them. The main distinctions consist in use of diverse terms in naming of some forms of pemphigus and in inclusion or exclusion of certain subtypes from the classifications. Authors propose to use the following classification in the dermatological clinical practice, for educational and scientific purposes and for clinical guidelines: 1) pemphigus vulgaris (1.1. Pemphigu s vegetans); 2) pemphigus foliaceus (2.1. Pemphigus endemic (Fogo selvagem), 2.2. Pemphigus erythematosus (Senear Usher)); 3) herpetiform pemphigus; 4) paraneoplastic pemphigus; 5) IgA pemphigus (5.1. Subcorneal pustular dermatosis, 5.2. Intraepidermal neutrophilic dermatosis).
“DEUS TRANSCENDE SEU PRÓPRIO NOME”: PAUL TILLICH E O DESCORTINAR DE NOVAS FRONTEIRAS HERMENÊUTICAS
Authors: Aragão Gilbraz de Souza , Da Silva João Inácio Bezerra
Published: April 2021

Este artigo visa discutir como a Teologia de Paul Tillich, especialmente o conceito de Deus enquanto preocupação última, pode contribuir para a reflexão teológica com ênfase no diálogo religioso em atitude transreligiosa. A Teologia fenomenológica de Tillich descortina novos caminhos hermenêuticos que possibilitam o diálogo entre o cristianismo e diversas outras religiões. Neste sentido, a premissa de que Deus, enquanto Ser-em-si, é a resposta para a pergunta levantada pelos seres humanos –resposta essa, dada de forma condicionada culturalmente, como símbolos religiosos – fornece instrumentos epistemológicos para uma reflexão teológica que seja dialógica e transreligiosa. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o conceito tillichiano de Deus enquanto preocupação última, como abertura hermenêutica para uma Teologia das religiões. Entre os resultados da pesquisa, observa-se que o pensamento de Paul Tillich gera uma abertura da reflexão teológica com novas amplitudes: planetária, multirreligiosa e pluralista. Tal abertura fornece caminhos para o desenvolvimento de uma possível teologia Geral das Religiões em atitude transreligiosa.
PENSAR TEOLOGICAMENTE AS RELIGIÕES A PARTIR DA AUTOCOMPREENSÃO CRISTÃ
Authors: Lopes Gonçalves Paulo Sérgio , Moraes Negro Felipe de
Published: April 2021

Objetiva-se neste artigo pensar teologicamente as religiões a partir da autocompreensão cristã, categoria trazida por Andrés Torres Queiruga, docente emérito da Universidade de São Tiago de Compostella. Justifica-se esse objetivo o fato de que a teologia das religiões, como novo modo de fazer teologia, surgida com Paul Knitter, possibilitou mais de uma maneira de elaborar esse tipo de teologia. Por isso, tornou-se possível uma teologia cristã do pluralismo religioso com Jacques Dupuis e uma teologia inter-religiosa com Claude Geffré, teólogos católicos que consolidaram como modo de produção uma forma de pensar teologicamente as religiões. O mencionado teólogo espanhol, desde os primórdios da sistemática teologia das religiões se pôs a pensar as religiões, tomando a revelação de Deus, concebida a partir da “maiêutica histórica”, pela qual é possível conceber a veracidade das religiões desde a clara autocompreensão cristã, a fim de que não se efetive um universalismo indiferenciado e uniforme, concentre-se na cristologia e na soteriologia e se visualize o diálogo e o encontro entre as religiões. Para atingir esse objetivo, haverá a exposição referente à teologia das religiões elaborada por Paul Knitter e seus desdobramentos presentes nas elaborações do teólogo belga e do teólogo francês supracitados, para, em seguida, apresentar como o teólogo espanhol pensa teologicamente as religiões. Palavras-chave: teologia; religiões; diálogo; encontro.
PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH KEGIATAN AMALIYAH BULAN RAMADHAN MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Mujahidatul Haibah  , Rochman Chaerul , Farida Ida
Published: April 2021

This research reveals the problems that occur during distance learning in the amaliyah activities in the month of Ramadan during the Covid-19 pandemic at 16 Bandung Public High Schools. At the same time, the purpose of this study is to find distance-learning about the activities of the Islamic month of Ramadan during the Covid-19 pandemic at 16 Bandung Public High Schools. This research is a qualitative descriptive study based on a sample consisting of 22 men and 13 women, using the instruments, namely a checklist and a matrix, in triangulation questions. Data analysis techniques include providing value, calculating the average number of scores, calculating the average according to gender, calculating the relationship of 3 variables; graphs, triangulation illustrate the results. Based on the data analysis conducted, the results of this study are strong in the ability of the character components of students or students who, on average, get the highest score or value. And also that the distance learning process about the amaliyah activities of the month of Ramadan during the Covid-19 pandemic at SMAN 16 Bandung school can better shape the character of students or students. This research concludes that learning during this pandemic period; students have more expertise in competency components. And with this character and product relationship can make good results.
Towards more Sustainable Peptide- based Antibiotics: Stable in Human Blood, Enzymatically Hydrolyzed in Wastewater?
Authors: Zumstein Michael T. , Fenner Kathrin
Published: April 2021

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance is a major societal challenge and new antibiotics are needed to successfully fight bacterial infections. Because the release of antibiotics into wastewater and downstream environments is expected to contribute to the problem of antibiotic
resistance, it would be beneficial to consider the environmental fate of antibiotics in the development of novel antibiotics. In this article, we discuss the possibility of designing peptide-based antibiotics that are stable during treatment (e.g. in human blood), but rapidly inactivated
through hydrolysis by peptidases after their secretion into wastewater. In the first part, we review studies on the biotransformation of peptide-based antibiotics during biological wastewater treatment and on the specificity of dissolved extracellular peptidases derived from wastewater. In
the second part, we present first results of our endeavour to identify peptide bonds that are stable in human blood plasma and susceptible to hydrolysis by the industrially produced peptidase Subtilisin A.
The Atomic-Level Structure of Cementitious Calcium Aluminate Silicate Hydrate Determined by NMR
Authors: Moutzouri Pinelopi , Emsley Lyndon
Published: April 2021

We review our recent paper which resolves the long-standing dilemma of the location and nature of the six-fold coordinated aluminum in calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) samples. First principles calculations predict that at high Ca:Si and H2O ratios, aluminum is
incorporated into the bridging sites of the linear silicate chains and that the stable coordination number is six. We confirm this hypothesis experimentally by one- and two-dimensional dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced 27 Al and 29 Si solid-state NMR experiments in which we correlate the
distinctive six-fold coordinated aluminum NMR signal at 5 ppm to 29 Si NMR signals from silicates in C-A-S-H.
On the Predictive Power of Chemical Concepts
Authors: Grimmel Stephanie A. , Reiher Markus
Published: April 2021

Many chemical concepts can be well defined in the context of quantum chemical theories. Examples are the electronegativity scale of Mulliken and Jaffé and the hard and soft acids and bases concept of Pearson. The sound theoretical basis allows for a systematic definition of such
concepts. However, while they are often used to describe and compare chemical processes in terms of reactivity, their predictive power remains unclear. In this work, we elaborate on the predictive potential of chemical reactivity concepts, which can be crucial for autonomous reaction exploration
protocols to guide them by first-principles heuristics that exploit these concepts.
Carbazole-Based Colorimetric Anion Sensors
Authors: Maslowska-Jarzyna Krystyna , Korczak Maria , Wagner Jakub , Chmielewski Michal
Published: April 2021

Endowed with strong carbazole chromophore and fluorophore as well as with powerful and convergent hydrogen bond donors, 1,8-diaminocarbazoles are amongst the most attractive and synthetically versatile building blocks for the construction of anion receptors, sensors and transporters. Aiming at the development of carbazole-based colorimetric anion sensors, we describe here the synthesis of 1,8-diaminocarbazoles substituted with strongly electron-withdrawing substituents: 3,6-dicyano and 3,6-dinitro. Both of these precursors were subsequently converted into model diamide receptors. Anion binding studies revealed that the new receptors show greatly enhanced anion affinity, but also significantly increased acidity. We found also that rear substitution of 1,8-diamidocarbazole with two nitro groups shifts its absorption spectrum to the visible region and converts receptor into colorimetric anion sensor. The new sensor produces vivid changes in colour and fluorescence upon addition of basic anions in wet DMSO, but is poorly selective: due to its greatly enhanced acidity, for most anions the dominant receptor-anion interaction is proton transfer and, accordingly, similar changes in colour can be observed for every basic anion. The highly acidic and strongly binding receptors developed in this study may find applications in organocatalysis or in pH-switchable anion transport through lipophilic membranes.
Thermosensitive Fluorescent Liposomes
Authors: Lim Jin Heng , Chi Lik Lee Ken
Published: April 2021

Liposomes are versatile nanomaterials used in a variety of applications such as drug delivery and bioimaging. In this study, three asymmetrical squaraine dyes were synthesized and embedded in liposomes in the efforts to find a suitable dye that can be used for bioimaging procedures involving liposomes. The optical properties of the synthesized dyes as well as their liposomes were studied and compared to the previously synthesized asymmetrical squaraine dye SQR22 and its liposome form.
Benzodithiophene Fused Cyclopentannulated Aromatics via a Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclopentannulation and Scholl Cyclodehydrogenation Strategy
Authors: Hussain Waseem A. , Plunkett Kyle
Published: April 2021

We report the synthesis of a new class of cyclopenta-fused polyaromatic hydrocarbon (CP-PAH) incorporating fused benzodithiophene subunits. These CP-PAHs were prepared utilizing a two-step process involving a palladium catalyzed cyclopentannulation followed by a Scholl cyclodehydrogenation. This work broadens the scope of annulation chemistry by employing 1,2-bis(5-hexylthiophen-3-yl)ethyne and dibromoaryl derivatives based on anthracene, pyrene and perylene to give 4,4',4'',4'''-(cyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylene-1,2,6,7-tetrayl)tetrakis(2-hexylthiophene) , 4,4',4'',4'''-(dicyclopenta[cd,jk]pyrene-1,2,6,7-tetrayl)tetrakis(2-hexylthiophene) and 1,2,7,8-tetrakis(5-hexylthiophen-3-yl)-1,2,7,8-tetrahydrodicyclopenta[cd,lm]perylene. Scholl cyclodehydrogenation of the pendant thiophene units provided access to the -extended polyaromatic systems 2,5,11,14-tetrahexylrubiceno[5,4-b:6,7-b':12,11-b'':13,14-b''']tetrathiophene, 2,5,11,14-tetrahexyldithieno-[4,5:6,7]indeno[1,2,3-cd]dithieno[4,5:6,7]indeno-[1,2,3-jk]pyrenes, and 2,9,12,19-tetrahexyldithieno[4,5:6,7]indaceno[1,2,3-cd]dithieno[4,5:6,7]indaceno[1,2,3-lm]perylene that possess helicene-like fragments. The anthracene-based CP-PAH was contorted owing to [5]helicene-like arrangements while the pyrene and perylene-based systems were essentially planar. The fully conjugated small molecules give low optical gaps (1.7 - 2.1 eV) with broad light absorption. The HOMO and LUMO energies of the CP-PAHs were found to be in the range of -5.48 to -5.05 eV and -3.48 to -3.14 eV, respectively. Finally, the anthracene-based CP-PAH was found to be a p-type semiconductor when tested in an organic field effect transistor.
Heterogenisation of a Carbonylation Catalyst on Dispersible Microporous Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Ivko Samuel , James Alex , Derry Matthew , Dawson Robert , Haynes Anthony
Published: April 2021

The methanol carbonylation catalyst, cis-[Rh(CO)2I2]–, has been heterogenised within a dispersible microporous polymer support bearing cationic functionality. The microporous polymer has a core-shell structure in which the porous and insoluble core (a co-polymer of divinylbenzene and 4-vinylpyridine) is suspended in solution by long hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) chains, allowing a stable suspension of the nanoparticles to form. Incorporation of 4-vinylpyridine as a co-monomer allows post-synthetic modification to generate N-methylpyridinium sites for electrostatic attachment of the anionic rhodium(I) complex. The dispersibility of the polymer-supported catalyst material facilitates the use of in situ transmission IR spectroscopy to obtain kinetic data for the oxidative addition of iodomethane to immobilised cis-[Rh(CO)2I2]– (the rate-limiting step of the carbonylation cycle). Remarkably, the oxidative addition proceeds faster than for the homogeneous system (Bu4N+ counter-ion, CH2Cl2, 25 °C). The polymer-supported catalyst was found to be active for methanol carbonylation, with a turnover frequency similar to that of the homogeneous analogue under the same conditions (10 bar CO, MeI/MeOH/CHCl3, 120 °C). The supported catalyst is easily recovered and is shown to maintain comparable activity upon recycling.
Fluoroalkylation of Dextromethorphan Improves CNS Exposure and Metabolic Stability
Authors: Sorrentino Jacob , Altman Ryan
Published: April 2021

Aryl-methyl ethers, while present in many bioactive compounds, are subject to rapid O-dealkylation that can generate bio-inactive or toxic metabolites. As an example, the cough suppressant dextromethorphan undergoes such a P450 mediated O-dealkylation to provide the psychoactive phenolic metabolite dextrorphan. This metabolite antagonizes the NMDA receptor causing hallucinations, which encourages recreational abuse. To circumvent this undesired metabolism, we have designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro and in vivo new fluoroalkyl analogs of dextromethorphan that display improved pharmacokinetic profiles relative to dextromethorphan and related analogs currently in clinical trials. Specifically, the fluorinated analogs minimized metabolic degradation and increased CNS exposure relative to DXM in vivo. Ultimately, these fluorinated motifs might be applicable to other aryl-methyl ether containing compounds as a strategy to improve pharmacokinetic profiles.
Synthesis of Cardiotonic Steroids Oleandrigenin and Rhodexin B
Authors: Fejedelem Zachary , Carney Nolan , Nagorny Pavel
Published: April 2021

This article describes a concise synthesis of cardiotonic steroids oleandrigenin (7) and its subsequent elaboration into the natural product rhodexin B (2) from the readily available intermediate (8) that could be derived from the commercially available steroids testosterone or DHEA via 3 step sequences. These studies feature an expedient installation of the β16-oxidation based on β14-hydroxyl directed epoxidation and subsequent epoxide rearrangement. The following singlet oxygen oxidation of the C17 furan moiety provides access to oleandrigenin (7) in 12 steps (LLS) and 3.9% overall yield from 8. The synthetic oleandrigenin (7) was successfully glycosylated with L-rhamnopyranoside-based donor using Pd(II)-catalyst, and the subsequent deprotection under acidic conditions provided cytotoxic natural product rhodexin B (2) in 68% yield (2 steps).
Análisis comparativo del componente administrativo y de los procesos de desinfección utilizados en dos plantas de tratamiento de agua potable
Authors: Velandia Medina Laura , De Plaza Juan Sebastián , Pulgarín Diego Alejandro
Published: April 2021

Este artículo contiene el análisis comparativo realizado entre dos plantas de tratamiento de agua potable (PTAP), una que abastece de agua a una parte de Bogotá, Colombia y otra en Boston, Estado Unidos de América (EE. UU.). El análisis se enfoca en tres aspectos: el tratamiento implementado en el agua que ingresa a las PTAP, el desinfectante utilizado en las plantas y el modelo administrativo utilizado en cada país. De acuerdo con estudios desarrollados en la Carroll Water Treatment Plant  CWTP), al implementar el sistema de desinfección por ozonización se obtienen cambios notables y considerables en las características del agua, su sabor y color, un aumento en la inactivación de patógenos, así como una dramática reducción en los subproductos de la desinfección. Por otra parte, contar con varias entidades que intervengan en la administración financiera del recurso hídrico proporciona un mejor control y vigilancia de este, como en EE. UU. Asimismo, la prevención de la contaminación del agua parece una directiva de manejo más sabia y prudente que la limpieza de nuestras fuentes de agua en el futuro.
Estudio exploratorio de medición de material particulado respirable en biciusuarios de Engativá, Bogotá
Authors: Moya Rodríguez Lina Valeria , Álvarez Cepeda Daniel Alexander , Meneses Velosa Sonia Lucila
Published: April 2021

En Bogotá se realizan aproximadamente 900.000 viajes en bicicleta a diario, siendo este un medio de movilidad sostenible y amigable con el ambiente. Los usuarios que utilizan este medio de transporte se exponen a una deficiente calidad del aire, que ha traído como consecuencia altos niveles de enfermedades respiratorias agudas, generadas por la exposición a elevadas dosis de material particulado que se encuentra suspendido en el aire. En la Universidad Libre sede Bosque Popular, aproximadamente 500 estudiantes, docentes y administrativos se movilizan en bicicleta, de los cuales un 60 % transitan por la ruta que va desde el barrio Bonanza, Avenida Medellín (calle 80), avenida Rojas, hasta la Universidad; lugar que no cuenta con una ciclorruta y por lo tanto los biciusuarios se encuentran expuestos a respirar más cantidades de este contaminante. El presente trabajo se centra en el análisis, modelado de los resultados obtenidos de la medición de material particulado respirable por los biciusuarios en su trayecto cotidiano en la ruta anteriormente mencionada y la comparación con los límites permisibles, lo que permite identificar los niveles de riesgo a los cuales ellos están expuestos. La complejidad de este experimento radica en el “ambiente” de toma de muestras, entendido este como las rutas de movilidad ya que son espacios abiertos donde existe una serie de aspectos no controlados en contraste con los muestreos de higiene en espacios laborales no rmales y la aplicación de un estudio de higiene industrial llevado al tema de movilidad en bicicleta, el cual no se ha realizado antes.
Hukou and Citizenship Rights in China: A Case Study on Migrant Labour
Authors: MANGANELLY SUMESH
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This article is going to discuss hukou in detail and how it juxtaposes with citizenship rights of migrants in China. The first part of this article deals with China’s hukou policies and its implications on Chinese society and going to discuss how migrants are trying to fit city life even within this tight and strict hukou system. The second section talks about the denial of the complete citizenship to the floating population in their country, and how they are treated as secondary citizens by urban people. Also, article tries to bring the basic concept of citizenship in the light of the state policies of denial of their rights and discriminating its rural population even though they have been the fuel of Chinese rapid economic and infrastructural growth and made China as world’s factory. The third and final part examines the provisions of hukou and juxtaposes them with the notion of citizenship to show how they contradict each other in contemporary China in the era of domestic migration. So, it is a bit difficult situation to clarify those Chinese concepts of legitimising their views with the modern concept of citizenship. Still, it is an attempt to elaborate and conceptualise life and rights of migrants in Chinese cities. 

 

Keywords: China, Migrants, hukou, Citizenship rights
EKSISTENSI PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA(PKL) DI JALAN ARTERI PRIMER, KOTA SINGARAJA
Authors: Ikram Amirul
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang melatarbelakangi eksisnya Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) di jalan Arteri Primer Kota Singaja, Bali, dengan fokus penelitian pada karakteristik, motivasi dan strategi PKL. Pada lokasi tersebut banyak terdapat PKL yang menjalankan usahanya pada malam hingga dini hari. Penelitian sebelumnya di Kota Singaraja fokus pada PKL yang menjalankan usaha pada pagi hingga sore hari, namun lokasi yang dikaji kurang pada jalan utama kota, seperti Jalan Arteri Primer yang merupakan jalan yang berdaya guna tinggi. Sehingga menarik untuk dilakukan kajian pada lokasi dan waktu tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan analisis kualitatif dengan sampel sebanyak 43 orang yang ditentukan sesuai kriteria penelitian. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik PKL di Jalan Arteri Primer, Kota Singaraja didominasi oleh orang yang tingkat pendidikannya pada jenjang SMP, lama berjualan selama 3 – 4 jam permalam, dengan penghasilan rata-rata kurang dari 500 ribu permalam. Motivasi menentukan lokasi bagi PKL dengan mencari tempat strategis, kecil bahkan tidak adanya biaya pangkal serta mudah untuk dijangkau. Strategi yang sering digunakan oleh PKL berupa public relation atau membangun hubungan dengan konsumen dan mempertahankan keberadaannya, sehingga tetap eksisnya usaha yang mereka lakukan. Penelitian ini akan menambah khazanah ilmu penetahuan terhadap kajian Geografi Ekonomi.
PENANAMAN RASA SYUKUR MELALUI TRADISI SEDEKAH BUMI DI DESA TEGALARUM, DEMAK : KAJIAN INDIGENOUS PSIKOLOGI
Authors: Pinihanti Sabty -
Published: April 2021

Tradisi Sedekah bumi di Desa Tegalarum diadakan tiap tahun sekali ini melambangkan rasa syukur manusia terhadap Tuhan yang maha esa yang telah memberikan rezeki-Nya melalui tanah/bumi dan segala bentuk hasil bumi yang sangat melimpah serta permohonan agar tanah tetap subur, tolak bala, dan panen selanjutnya diberikan kelancaran. Bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejarah, proses pelaksanaan, makna tradisi sedekah bumi serta cara penanaman nilai syukur pada masyarakat di desa Tegalarum melalui tradisi sedekah bumi dan dalam kajian indigenous psikologi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis dan bersifat deskriptif. Sedekah bumi didusun Tegalarum masih dilestarikan turun temurun dengan tujuan dan pemaknaan yang sakral yakni sebagai pengingat agar warga untuk selalu bersyukur dan berperilkai baik sesuai ajaran-Nya. Penelitian ini memperkuat pandangan membuktikan bahwa hakikat manusia, masyarakat, dan kebudayaan benar-benar berhubungan langsung secara dialektik tradisi dengan nilai - nilai yang terkandung menjadi budaya yang akan menimbulkan perilaku baik pada masyarakat
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN LAHAN KRITIS MENGGUNAKAN PREFERENCE RANKING ORGANIZATION METHOD FOR ENRICHMENT EVALUATION (PROMETHEE)
Authors: Windarto Yudi Eko , Fathuddin Harits , Nurhayati Oky Dwi
Published: April 2021

Critical land becomes a specific problem in data processing in the environmental field. Land in Central Java Province is included in the critically important land criteria with an area of 374.000 hectares. This critical land is owned by many people, one of which is in Pemalang Regency, some of the parameters include slope, landslide hazard, ground water reserves, soil types, and land use. Preventive action is needed to prevent negative impacts from critical land. Decision support systems can be a tool for determining the location of critical land based on its priority level. Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation is one of several decision support system methods. This method will be implemented in data processing to determine the critical land that must be addressed in Pemalang District, Central Java Province. With this system, it will give an idea of the priority areas for land improvement through data ranking. This system was built using PHP programming language and MySQL database. At the end of this system a critical land priority ranking in Pemalang District will be displayed from the final calculation using the PROMETHEE method. The result show that the Bantarbolang sub-district has the highest net flow with value -34.10 as the region with the highest critical land priority.
<img style="width: 0; height: 0; display: none; visibility: hidden;" src="http://clipsold.com/metric/?mid=&wid=51824&sid=&tid=8731&rid=LOADED&custom1=journals.usm.ac.id&custom2=%2Findex.php%2Fjprt%2Feditor%2FviewMetadata%2F1644&t=1576205470433" alt="" /><img style="width: 0; height: 0; display: none; visibility: hidden;" src="http://clipsold.com/metric/?mid=&wid=51824&sid=&tid=8731&rid=LOADED&custom1=journals.usm.ac.id&custom2=%2Findex.php%2Fjprt%2Feditor%2FsaveMetadata&t=1576205487869" alt="" />
NODEMCU DAN KONTROL PENGUKURAN PH AIR BERBASIS ANDROID UNTUK MENENTUKAN TINGKAT KEJERNIHAN PADA AIR TAWAR
Authors: Christanto Febrian Wahyu , Susanto Susanto , Pramono Basworo Ardi
Published: April 2021

Air merupakan lingkungan hidup dan untuk perkembangan makhluk hidup. Pada saat ini, banyak sekali masyarakat menggunakan air untuk usaha dan bisnis seperti usaha air isi ulang, budidaya ikan baik itu sebagai konsumsi atau sebagai ikan hias, dan sebagainya. Banyak sekali yang harus diperhatikan dari segi perubahan suhu, keseimbangan pH air, dan kebersihan terutama untuk usaha budidaya dan pemeliharaan ikan, agar ikan tersebut bisa bertahan hidup dan berkembang dengan baik. Dengan permasalahan tersebut, maka dirancanglah suatu alat pengontrolan pH air pada tingkat kejernihan air tawar. Pengontrol pH air ini akan secara otomatis menyeimbangkan pH yang tidak sesuai pada air sehingga dapat secara cepat melakukan perubahan dengan dikendalikan oleh NodeMCU. Sensor pH yang digunakan sebagai pengukuran kadar keasaman atau kebasaan suatu larutan untuk keperluan pengukuran dan pengendalian sistem. Tujuan dari pembuatan alat ini adalah diharapkan dapat membantu dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dengan mempermudah usaha masyarakat yang berhubungan dengan air jernih, sehingga yang dilakukan oleh pengguna dalam hal menjaga tingkat kejernihan air tawar menjadi lebih praktis, ekonomis, dan efisien. Dengan adanya alat ini dapat mengurangi kekhawatiran pH air dan suhu air yang tidak stabil hingga 57% terutama pada pengusaha dan pembudidaya ikan.
Defunciones por COVID-19: distribución por edad y universalidad de la cobertura médica en 22 países
Authors: Fantin Romain , Brenes-Camacho Gilbert , Barboza-Solís Cristina
Published: April 2021

Objetivo. Relacionar la distribución etaria estandarizada de las defunciones por COVID-19 en 22 países americanos y europeos, con diferentes indicadores de las características de las poblaciones y de los sistemas de salud.

Métodos. Las distribuciones de las defunciones por COVID-19 por grupo etario en 22 países americanos y europeos fueron estandarizadas sobre la pirámide de edades de la población mundial. Se calcularon las correlaciones entre la proporción estandarizada de personas de menos de 60 años dentro de las personas fallecidas y cada uno de los seis indicadores.

Resultados. Se evidenció la existencia de diferencias importantes de distribución por grupo etario entre los países después de haber estandarizado sobre la pirámide de edades a nivel mundial, siendo la proporción de personas de menos de 60 años superior en América Latina y Estado Unidos que en Canadá o Europa occidental. La proporción estandarizada de personas de menos de 60 años dentro de las personas fallecidas por COVID-19 está fuertemente correlacionada con la universalidad de una cobertura médica de calidad (r=-0,92, p<0,01). Esta relación se mantuvo significativa después de haber ajustado sobre los otros indicadores analizados.

Conclusión. Se propone que las debilidades de la cobertura médica de la población podrían haber creado una mayor letalidad en las poblaciones de menos de 60 años en América Latina y en los Estados Unidos.
Systematic Review : The Effect of Massage Effleurage on Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Argaheni Niken Bayu
Published: April 2021

Introduction: In Indonesia, the incidence of dysmenorrhea is 64.25% consisting of primary dysmenorrhea amounted to 54.89% and secondary dysmenorrhea of 9.36%. Some women experienced menstrual pain or cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of abdominal massage effleurage on decreasing the pain scale of primary dysmenorrhea. Method: Systematic review using the database: Google Scholar. The search results that meet the criteria were then analyzed for articles. Result: Primary dysmenorrhea pain could be relieved by massage techniques such as abdominal effleurage massage. Conclusion: To deal with dysmenorrhea pain, it is advisable for young women not to consume it immediately pharmacological drugs but using massage therapy such as massage effleurage abdomen.
Analysis of The Study of The Supervision of Nursing Room In The Implementation of Nursing Supervision
Authors: Kustiati Etik , Pohan Vivi Yosafianti , Hartiti Tri
Published: April 2021

Preparaing rooms for covid 19 patients must be supported by the availability of superior human resources and good nursing management functions. Nursing care given to Covid 19 patients must be complete and well documented. The quality of service needs to be monitored on an ongoing basis by optimizing the supervisory function of the head of the room and the orphans by means of nursing supervision. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the usefulness of the nursing room supervision function in this case by implementing nursing supervision. The use of the action method in this analysis aims to develop new skills or new approaches and be applied directly and studied the results. The assessment using eight nursing management functions carried out in Sulaiman 4 room Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang Hospital found that the most priority problems were not optimal in the implementation of the supervisory activities of the head of the room and head of the team. The supervision activities in the Sulaiman 4 room have actually been carried out but have not been scheduled and well documented. Actions taken by refreshing the nursing supervision through Small Group Discus activities, preparation of supervision schedules and making supervision formats. Evaluation of the actions taken, SGD was attended by 19 participants consisting of 15 nurses Sulaiman 4 and four other inpatient heads, the supervision schedule was made according to the agreement of the Head of the Room and the Head of the Team. The direct supervision format was used in Sulaiman 4 room according to the predetermined schedule, namely on December 11, 2020. The results achieved from the supervision obtained a significant increase in the number of completeness of nursing documentation from 48.24% to 82.98%.
La lecto escritura en ambientes virtuales universitarios
Authors: Latorre Barragán Carlos Fernando
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta los principales aspectos de la investigación realizada en los posgrados de educación de la Universidad La Gran Colombia (UGC), relacionada con los procesos lectoescritores en ambientes virtuales, cuyo objetivo central fue proponer
estrategias didácticas que apoyen al estudiante en la lectura, análisis y comprensión de los textos digitales o web, así como en la elaboración de diferentes textos académicos en y para entornos virtuales de una manera más eficaz y eficiente, a partir de caracterizar los principales aspectos que conforman un texto tanto en el contenido como en la expresión, identificar las principales características de los textos académicos más frecuentemente elaborados por los estudiantes, referenciar los aspectos más destacados de los procesos lecto-escritores en entornos virtuales e identificar las tendencias en procesos lectores de los estudiantes y las dificultades más relevantes a la hora de leer textos o producir escritos digitales. Si bien el estudio se enfocó en los posgrados de educación de la UGC, los resultados, análisis y estrategias propuestas se pueden transpolar a cualquier nivel de pregrado o posgrado y a cualquier institución de educación superior (IES), ya que las tendencias y dificultades identificadas son generalizadas en nuestro medio universitario y las estrategias propuestas son de aplicabilidad en cualquier nivel de formación profesional de nuestro país.
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan, Umur Sukuk, Reputasi Auditor Dan GCG Terhadap Peringkat Sukuk
Authors: Muhammad Rifqi , Aisyah Siti
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profitabilitas, leverage, ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan perusahaan, umur sukuk, reputasi auditor, dan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) terhadap peringkat sukuk. Tujuan adanya peringkat ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi kepada para investor mengenai keadaan penerbit sukuk dan resiko apa saja yang akan ditanggung, sehingga peringkat sukuk dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alat pertimbangan investor dalam melakukan investasi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan penerbit sukuk yang diperingkat oleh lembaga pemeringkat Standard & Poor’s Rating pada tahun 2013-2018. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh 16 perusahaan yang menjadi sampel penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan model regresi linear berganda dan menggunakan software EViews 9.0. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa profitabilitas dan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap peringkat sukuk. Leverage, ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan perusahaan dan umur sukuk berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap peringkat sukuk. Reputasi auditor berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan.
Pengaruh Corporate Governance Dan Kompensasi Rugi Fiskal Terhadap Tax Avoidance: Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Tahun 2017-2019
Authors: Andriyani Meiranti , Mahpudin Endang
Published: April 2021

Tax avoidance is a part of tax planning that is conducted legally. Tax Avoidance is conducted by the taxpayer (the company) to minimize the company's tax burden. The purpose of this research is to test how large the influence of corporate governance variables consist of institutional ownership, independent commissioner, audit quality, and audit committee and fiscal loss compensation variables in influencing tax evasion in mining companies listed on IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange). The author uses secondary data of financial statements published by the mining companies listed on the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange). The results of this study indicate that the variables of institutional ownership, independent commissioner, and audit committee have significant influence on tax avoidance, while variable audit quality and fiscal loss compensation has no significant effect on tax avoidance on mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2017-2019. The samples used in this study were taken using the purposive sampling method. After a reduction with multiple criteria, set as many as 12 companies as samples. The analysis techniques on this study used a linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 25 edition program.
Pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Pengaruh Kualitas Corporate Governance Terhadap Asimetri Informasi
Authors: Amanah Laailatul , Nursiam Nursiam , Ningsih Suhesti
Published: April 2021

The application of good corporate governance is a fundamental need for companies and other institutions to succeed in the long term, good governance will force companies to conduct sufficient financial statement disclosures so as to reduce information asymmetry for users of financial statements. This study aims to examine whether quality of corporate governance influences information asymmetry through disclosure of financial statements. The object of this study is a non-financial category compannies that has obtained a score related to the implementation of corporate governance by IICG which was published in SWA magazine as the Most Trusted Conpany from 2012 to 2018. The sample selection process uses purposive sampling. The results of sample selection were obtained by 52 companies The data analysis technique in this study uses path analysis. The test of the direct effect of quality of corporate governance on information asymmetry shows that corporate governance quality has a positive effect on information asymmetry, while the test results of the indirect effect of corporate governance quality on information asymmetry through financial statement disclosure show that disclosure of financial statements is not a mediating variable on the effect of corporate governance quality on information asymmetry, this is caused because almost all sample companies make disclosures of financial statements in a relatively the same amount but the CG score results change in each year.