bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las relaciones entre las Cortes Generales y los Parlamentos autonómicos. ¿Viejos conocidos o grandes desconocidos?
Authors: Marañón Gómez Raquel
Published: July 2019

En el artículo se abordan las relaciones entre los diferentes Parlamentos Autonómicos y las Cortes Generales, partiendo de una premisa que no es otra que la necesidad de llevar a cabo un reforzamiento e institucio-nalización superando la informalidad y voluntariedad que las presiden, buscando cauces para poner en común las experiencias propias. Se analizan igualmente los instrumentos que la Constitución española recoge, tales como las proposiciones de ley autonómicas o la figura de los senadores de designación autonómica al tiempo que se reivindica el papel del Senado como Cámara territorial que debe ser el escenario y el motor para potenciar esas relaciones en el entendido de que éstas en un Estado compuesto como el nuestro se realizan en pie de igualdad y desde la necesaria lealtad y cooperación entre las diferentes fuentes de producción normativa.
Cuarenta años de las elecciones a las Cortes Generales
Authors: Pascua Mateo Fabio Antonio
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo contiene una serie de reflexiones sobre algunos de los aspectos más destacados del régimen electoral español para el Congreso de los Diputados y el Senado, a la vista de la experiencia que proporcionan cuarenta años de elecciones celebradas desde 1977. Así, se parte del sistema electoral, respecto del que se manifiesta un juicio en general favorable al hoy vigente, que no impide una propuesta para reforzar la estabilidad de la mayoría parlamentaria resultante a través de un “premio” a la fuerza ganadora. A continuación, se abordan otras cuestiones de interés como el éxito del modelo español de Administración electoral, barato y muy eficaz, diversos debates en torno a la ampliación de los derechos de sufragio activo y pasivo, la evolución de la campaña electoral o la financiación de las elecciones.
La Corona y las Cortes Generales: 40 años de monarquía parlamentaria
Authors: Moret Millás Vicente
Published: July 2019

La monarquía española constituye una pieza esencial de nuestra arquitectura constitucional. Dentro del esquema de relaciones entre órganos de naturaleza constitucional, el Rey que es Jefe del Estado, ejerce funciones derivadas de la actividad de las Cortes Generales y otras que deben ser realizadas ante ellas. Tras 40 años de democracia es el momento de hacer un recorrido por esas relaciones entre ambos órganos, cuyo balance es positivo al contribuir a la estabilidad institucional. Los monarcas han sabido encarnar la unidad y permanencia de España, así como arbitrar el normal funcionamiento de las instituciones incluso en las situaciones más complejas, todo ello con un total respeto a la obligación de neutralidad política impuesta por la Constitución.
Error Analysis for Students of the Department of Arabic Language Teaching/تحليل الأخطاء لطلبة قسم تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Wijaya Mualim
Published: July 2019

The aim of this research is to find out the mistakes of the students of the Department of Arabic Language Teaching at the New Islamic University of Paiton and to find out the reasons for their mistakes in verbal errors and then provide the corresponding solutions. The methodology of the research is the quantitative approach to the analytical description using the non-random input (Random Non Sample). Research tools are documents and observation. The research community is the students of the Department of Language Education at Nurul Jadid University for the academic year 2017-2018, and the number of students is 102 students. The results of the research showed that the mistakes of the words of the students of the Department of Arabic Language mistakes verbal mistakes are synthetic as you?, and semantic as I first, and the basic as I want to go. The causes of verbal errors are the impact on the mother tongue, the narrow curriculum, the quality of teaching, the lack of Arabic language and the negation of the Arabic language environment. The appropriate solutions for verbal errors are that the teacher should be a good linguistic character at every occasion, expand the educational quota and provide the means specified and the Arab environment.يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة الأخطاء الكلامية لطلبة قسم تعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة النور الجديد الإسلامية بيطان ومعرفة أسباب وقوعهم في  الأخطاء الكلامية ثم تقديم الحلول المطابق لها. ومنهجية البحث هو المدخل الكيفي الوصف التحليلي باستخدام المدخل غير العشوائي (Random Non Sampel). وأما أدوات البحث فهي الوثائق والملاحظة فالمقابلة. ومجتمع البحث هو طلبة قسم تعليم اللغة بجامعة النور الجديد الإسلامية للعام الدراسي 2017-2018 مـ، وعدد الطلبة فيها 102 طالبة وطالبة. وقد دلت نتائج البحث على أن الأخطاء الكلامية لطلبة قسم تعليم اللغة العربية الاخطاء الكلامية هي الأخطاء التركيبية كأنت من؟، والدلالية كأرجع أولا، والقواعدية كأريد أن أذهبُ. وأسباب الأخطاء الكلامية هي التأثر باللغة الأم والمنهج الدراسي الضيق ونوعية التدريس وعدم الأسوة اللغوية العربية ونفي البيئة اللغوية العربية. والحلول المناسبة للأخطاء الكلامية هي ينبغي أن يكون المعلم أسوة لغوية حسنة في كل مناسبة ويوسع الحصة التعليمية ويوفر الوسائل المعينة ويكوّن البيئة العربية.
Arabic Dialects: defined and described by all tribes in the Arabs/اللهجات العربي: تعريفها وصفتها من كل القبائل في العرب
Authors: Wijaya Sulton
Published: July 2019

Arabic language dialect is related to Al-qur'an reading and gives many contributions for Al-qur'an learner. On the country of this comprehention, researches try to explain arabic language accent by reviewing its development and comprehention, background, historical study and famous dialects in arabian clans.للهجات العربية علاقة وارتباط وطيدة بالقراءات القرآنية تتمثل جانبا كبيرا منها, و دراستها تفيد كثيرا في عزو هذه القراءات اللهجية الى أصحابها وهي خدمة جليلة للقرآن الكريم. فمن هذا الصدد حاول الباحث في بيان اللهجات العربية و ما يحول حول تعريف اللغة و نشأتها و ذكر اسباب حدوث اللهجات و تاريخ دراستها وشرح بسيط عن العناصر و أنواع اللهجات العربية و أوصافها المشهورة من كل القبائل تحدث فيها.
Modern Strategies to Develop Reading Skills/الاستراتيجيات الحديثة لتطوير مهارة القراءة
Authors: Zamroni Ahmad
Published: July 2019

The reading skill is one of the language skills that must be developed, cause reading is knowledge key in human life and it is most needed for human learning and education, as confirmed by the Koran, In it’s verse: read the name of your Lord who created. Many modern strategies such as: the SQ3R strategy, PQ4R strategy, strategy of 3P.A.S for quick reading, strategy of K.W.L.H To observe the cognitive development. These modern strategy can develope reading skill with its steps which are different from old reading steps. These modern strategies can be applied in school level to university level to enable students on reading comprehension.إن مهارة القراءة إحدى المهارات اللغوية التي لابد من تطويرها، وذالك لأن القراءة  لاتزال مفتاح المعارف في الحياة البشرية، وأن الحاجة إليها ماسة لأنها أساس تعلم الإنسان وتعليمهم كما أكّدها القرآن الكريم بقوله الله تعالى : ﴿اقرأ باسم ربك الذي خلق …﴾. فاستراتيجياتها الحديثة كثيرة وهي:  استراتيجية الخطوات الخمس (SQ3R)، إستراتيجية PQ4R ، إستراتيجية (3P.A.S) للقراءة السريـعة، إستراتيجية (K.W.L.H) لمراقبة النّمو المعرفي. وهذه الإستراتيجية الحديثة تستطيع أن تطوّر مهارة القراءة بخطواتها التي تختلف بخطوات القراءة القديمة. وهذه الإستراتيجية الحديثة يمكن تطبيقها للمرحلة المدرسية حتى المرحلة الجامعية لتمكين الطلاب على فهم المقروء.
The Foundations in the Development of Educational Materials for the Arabic Language for Non-Native Speakers/الأسس في تطوير المواد التعليمية للغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها
Authors: Hanifah Dita
Published: July 2019

As well know together, teaching learning material improvement is one of the studying processes in acheaving certain educator target. This mean for creating an effective success teaching learning as the chose aim. Spiritual elements must be focused on Arabic language teaching material improvement. Because the students are creatures having sense of feeling. Like wikes, culture elements have an important role in developing teaching material in order that Arabic language can be accepted by the students. And futher Arabic language education graduate is as society's demand.كما لا يخفى علينا، أن تطوير المواد التعليمية هي أحد من عملية التعليمية للحصول على أفضل نتيجة ممكنة من حالة تعليمية معينة، فهو يهدف إلى جعل التعليم ذو فعالية، بمعنى النجاح في الوصول إلى المؤمل إنجازه، وفعال بمعنى الاستخدام الأمثل للموارد المتاحة والزمن.وارتبطت الأسس النفسية بالمواد التعليمية للغة العربية لكون الطفل كخلق ذي شعور وعاطفة. وللثقافة قيم خالدة ونتائج قيمة ولها دور هام في تطوير المواد التعليمية للغة العربية، ذلك كي تقرب اللغة العربية من نفوس الطلبة ويستجيبون بمتطلبات المجتمع الذي يعيشونها فيما بعد.
Methods of Teaching Old and Modern Arabic Language/طرائق تدريس اللغة العربية القديمة و الحديثة
Authors: Tuhfatul Unsy Baiq
Published: July 2019

The aim of this research is to learn the methods of teaching the Arabic language from time to time. It means old methods and modern methods. Each has characteristics that contradict one another. These differences are in terms of purpose, entry and evaluation. And teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers. Therefore, the teacher's knowledge of the modern and old teaching methods and his ability to use them helps him to know the teaching conditions that surround the educational situation. The education process becomes attractive and enjoyable for the learner and is relevant to his daily life, needs, tendencies, desires and future aspirations, so that the teaching of Arabic as a second language will be successful and a means of fully understanding Islam.هدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة طرائق تدريس اللغة العربية المختلفة من قديم الزمان إلى وقتنا الحاضر. ويعني بها الطرائق القديمة والطرائق الحديثة. ولكل منهما خصائص يخالف يعضها عن غيرها. وتلك الاختلافات تكون من حيث الغرض والمدخل والتقويم. وتعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها. لذا،  فإن معرفة المدرس بطرائق التدريس الحديثة والقديمة وقدرته على استعمالها تساعده في معرفة الظروف التدريسية التي تحيط بالموقف التعليمي. إذ تصبح عملية التعليم محببة وممتعة للمتعلم ووثيقة الصلة بحياته اليومية واحتياجاته وميوله ورغباته وتطلعاته المستقبلية، حتى ينجح تعليم اللغة العربية كلغة ثانية ووسيلة لفهم الإسلام بشكل كامل شامل.
Strategies for Teaching Arabic Language And Its Impact on the Development of Writing Skills At Ibn Sina University of Education Sciences Kepanjen Malang/استراتيجيّات تعليم اللّغة العربيّة وأثرها في تنمية مهارة الكتابة في جامعة ابن سينا لعلوم التربية كفانجين مالانق
Authors: Fahmi Ilman
Published: July 2019

Writing is an important skill of language skills. Writing ability is also an essential goal of learning a foreign language. To achieve the desired goals, Arabic needs an effective and proportionate learning strategy for students' ability. Ibn Sina University for Education Sciences Kepanjen is one of the universities in which the Department of Arabic Language Education in Malang and with it the subjects that promote the skill of writing. Students learn these subjects in 3 semesters from the fifth through the seventh. Therefore, the teacher or teacher must use a positive strategy so that students do not feel bored. The researcher used the qualitative research approach and the descriptive approach. The result is that there are a number of strategies that contribute to the improvement of the process of teaching Arabic at Ibn Sina University for the sciences of education, especially in the skill of writing. These strategies are the PAKEM strategy in which the Guided Composition strategy, the Pragraf Building strategy and the Power of Two strategy have promoted the interest of students in the writing skill lesson.تعتبر الكتابة مهارة مهمة من مهارات اللغة. كما تعتبر القدرة على الكتابة هدفا أساسيا من أهداف تعلم اللغة الأجنبية. وللوصول إلى الأهداف المرجوة، تحتاج اللغة العربية إلى استيراتيجية تعليمها الفعال والمتناسب بقدرة الطلاب. جامعة ابن سينا لعلوم التربية كبنجين هي من إحدى الجامعات التي فيها قسم تعليم اللغة العربية في مالانق ومعها المواد الدراسية التي ترقي مهارة الكتابة. يتعلم الطلاب تلك المواد الدراسية خلال 3 فصول منذ فصل الخامس حتى فصل السابع. فلذلك لا بد على المعلم أو معلمة أن يستخدم استيراتيجية جذابية لكي لا يشعر الطلاب بالملل. واستخدمت الباحثة مدخل البحث الكيفي والمنهج الوصفي، وخرج بالنتائج هي: أن هناك مجموعة من الاستراتيجيات التي تسهم في إنجاج عملية تعليم اللغة العربية في جامعة ابن سينا لعلوم التربية خاصة في مهارة الكتابة. وتلك الاستيراتيجيات هي إستيراتيجية PAKEM التي فيها استيراجية Guided Composition واستيراتيجية Paragraf Building واستيراتيجية The Power of Two وكانت تلك الاستيراتيجية تسبب ترقية اهتمام الطلاب في درس مهارة الكتابة.
Study Materials for the Purpose of the Introductory Program of Students Enrolled in Class 10 of the Islamic High School/المواد الدراسية لغرض البرنامج التمهيدي (Matrikulasi) لدى الطلاب المعيين في الصف العاشر من المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية
Authors: Abdul Manaf Luthfi
Published: July 2019

This research deals with the application of the Matrikulasi program for students enrolled in the tenth grade of Islamic secondary school and how to choose and design subjects.يتناول هذا البحث كيفية تطبيق البرنامج التمهيدي (Matrikulasi) لدى الطلاب المعيين في الصف العاشر من المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية وكيفية اختيار المواد الدراسية وتصميمها.
دراسة تحليلية من جوانب المهارات اللغوية، المباني الصرفية والتراكيب فى كتاب تعليم اللغة العربية للمنهج الوطني (K-13) للمرحلة المتوسطة
Authors: Zainuddin Ammar
Published: July 2019

منذ سنة 2013 الماضية قد قررت وزارة الشؤون الدينية فى تطبيق الكتاب التعليمي للمنهج الوطني (K-13). والغرض منه لمساعدة مدرسي اللغة العربية فى تعليمها لدى الطلاب. ومن خصائص هذا الكتاب كانت محتوياته تحتمل على مجال تعليم المهارة اللغوية والتراكيب. لكمال محتويات فيه، يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل الكتاب التعليمي تحليلا دقيقا. ابتداءا من التحليل عن تعليم المهارة الأربعة فيه، ثم المباني الصرفية، التراكيب ويليها التحليل من ناحية التدريبات اللغوية. وبعد قيام الباحث بالتحليل، كان الكتاب المدرسي للمنهج الوطني خاصة للصف العاشر يحتاج إلى التحسينات لتحقيق الكتاب المدرسي الجيد لدى الطلاب.
المدرسة النحوية في البصرة والكوفة
Authors: Manshur Umar
Published: July 2019

إن أهم سبب في وضع النحو العربي يرجع إلى الحرص الشديد في الحفظ على القرآن الكريم من اللحن ، فبدأ أبو الأسود الدؤلي بوضع الحركات على شكل النقطة فوق أحرف المصحف وتحتها وأمامها، ثم وضع القونين النحوية المستنبطة من القرآن الكريم وأقوال العرب. فتطور علم النحو في البصرة على يد الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي، وتتميز دراسة النحو في البصرة بالدقة والحيطة في اختيار النصوص لوضع القواعد النحوية. فالدراسة النحوية في الكوفة تطور على يد الكسائي الذي تعلم النحو إلى الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي، وتتميز دراسة النحو في الكوفة بالتوسع في القياس وكثرة الترخص في الأحكام النحوية.
POTENSI EKONOMI INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH UDANG DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Judhaswati Ratna Dewi , Damayanti Herna Octivia
Published: July 2019

ENGLISHShrimp processing industry produces untapped waste, as result those have less economic value. Shrimp shell waste can be processed into chitinas a mixture of organic fertilizer. The research objectives were (1) to identify the type products produced from shrimp shell waste processing; (2) to estimate the products produced from shrimp shell waste processing; (3) to estimate the income and business feasibility of shrimp shell waste processing. This research uses descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The study is located in Pati district. This research was a development of the Implementation Procedure Manual Model prototype of shrimp shell waste utilization. Data analysis consists of (1) identify the type products produced from shrimp shell waste processing by descriptive; (2) estimation calculation of products produced from shrimp shell waste processing; and (3) Return-Cost analysis (R/C ratio). The results showed that (1) the products produced from shrimp shell waste processing are chitin, liquid fertilizer with pH 6,8 and organic fertilizer with chitin; (2) the estimated product yield was 73,926,258,753.48 kg/year; and (3) the estimated income of 592,052,603,686,220 IDR/year, profit 433,474,175,039,857 IDR/year, and R/C ratio 3.734. INDONESIAIndustri pengolahan udang menghasilkan limbah yang belum termanfaatkan. Limbah kulit udang yang belum dimanfaatkan menyebabkan limbah kulit udang kurang memiliki nilai ekonomis. Limbah kulit udang dapat diolah menjadi kitin sebagai campuran pupuk organik. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) untuk mengidentifikasi jenis produk hasil olahan limbah udang di Pati; (2) untuk melakukan estimasi produk yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan limbah kulit udang; dan (3) untuk melakukan estimasi pendapatan serta kelayakan usaha dari pengolahan limbah kulit udang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini merupakan pengembangan dari Manual Prosedur Implementasi Model prototipe pemanfaatan limbah kulit udang. Analisis data (1) estimasi produk yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan limbah kulit udang secara deskriptif; (2) perhitungan estimasi produk yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan kulit udang; dan (3) analisis Return-Cost (Rasio R/C). Hasil penelitian yaitu (1) hasil dari pengolahan limbah kulit udang adalah kitin, pupuk cair dengan pH terukur 6,8  dan pupuk organik plus kitin; (2) estimasi produk yang dihasilkan sebesar 73.926.258.753,48 kg/tahun; dan (3) estimasi pendapatan sebesar Rp592.052.603.686.220,00/tahun, profit Rp433.474.175.039.857,00/tahun, dan rasio R/C 3,734.
HUBUNGAN MENONTON TAYANGAN KEKERASAN DI TELEVISI DENGAN PERILAKU KEKERASAN PADA PELAJAR DI SMK BINA NUSANTARA KELURAHAN BANDARJO KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Alfiani Novita , Cahyaningsih Oktaviani , Sulistyowati Indah
Published: July 2019

Televisi adalah media penyampaian informasi yang digemari oleh remaja usia sekolah. Televisi sering menayangkan adegan kekerasan yang dapat ditiru oleh remaja yang menontonnya. Oleh karena itu,  penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara menonton tayangan kekerasan di televisi dengan perilaku kekerasan yang dilakukan remaja usia sekolah di SMK Bina Nusantara Kelurahan Bandarjo Kabupaten Semarang. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif korelatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan 68 orang pelajar yang diberikan keusioner mengenai data demografi, aktivitas menonton tayangan kekerasan, dan perilaku kekerasan yang dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Chi Square diperoleh nilai p = 0,228 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan menonton tayangan kekerasan di televisi dengan perilaku kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh remaja usia sekolah di SMK Bina Nusantara Kelurahan Bandarjo Kabupaten Semarang.
A Study on Sensitive Bands of EEG Data under Different Mental Workloads
Authors: Qu Hongquan , Fan Zhanli , Cao Shuqin , Pang Liping , Wang Hao , Zhang Jie
Published: July 2019

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals contain a lot of human body performance information. With the development of the brain–computer interface (BCI) technology, many researchers have used the feature extraction and classification algorithms in various fields to study the feature extraction and classification of EEG signals. In this paper, the sensitive bands of EEG data under different mental workloads are studied. By selecting the characteristics of EEG signals, the bands with the highest sensitivity to mental loads are selected. In this paper, EEG signals are measured in different load flight experiments. First, the EEG signals are preprocessed by independent component analysis (ICA) to remove the interference of electrooculogram (EOG) signals, and then the power spectral density and energy are calculated for feature extraction. Finally, the feature importance is selected based on Gini impurity. The classification accuracy of the support vector machines (SVM) classifier is verified by comparing the characteristics of the full band with the characteristics of the β band. The results show that the characteristics of the β band are the most sensitive in EEG data under different mental workloads.
Simulations and Subjective Rating of Acoustic Conditions in a Symphony Orchestra—A Case Study
Authors: Skålevik Magne
Published: July 2019

Acoustic conditions in a symphony orchestra on a concert hall stage are very different from those on an empty stage. Since inter-orchestral sound transmission and other acoustic conditions with the orchestra present is easier to simulate than to measure, a method for simulations in Odeon models of orchestras in different rooms was developed by this author. This method was applied in the Grieghallen Renewal Project, which involved changes in concert hall, orchestra pit, and rehearsal hall. The resident orchestra members gave their overall rating of playing conditions in the home venues in addition to a number of international venues. Acoustical conditions in the rated venues were simulated and compared with ratings. Several metrics were investigated, and their correlation with subjective ratings varied between r2 = 0.09 and r2 = 0.85. It turned out the orchestra clearly preferred to play in conditions where the direct component and the reverberant component of the inter-orchestral sound-transmission on average were equally strong; |D-R| = 0. Any deviation from equality was associated with reduced preference, with correlation coefficient r = −0.92. Several interesting implications and interpretations of the result are discussed in the paper.
Nutritional Importance of Carotenoids and Their Effect on Liver Health: A Review
Authors: Elvira-Torales Laura Inés , García-Alonso Javier , Periago-Castón María Jesús
Published: July 2019

The consumption of carotenoids has beneficial effects on health, reducing the risk of certain forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and macular degeneration, among others. The mechanism of action of carotenoids has not been clearly identified; however, it has been associated with the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids, which acts against reactive oxygen species and inactivating free radicals, although it has also been shown that carotenoids modulate gene expression. Dietary carotenoids are absorbed and accumulated in the liver and other organs, where they exert their beneficial effects. In recent years, it has been described that the intake of carotenoids can significantly reduce the risk of suffering from liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This disease is characterized by an imbalance in lipid metabolism producing the accumulation of fat in the hepatocyte, leading to lipoperoxidation, followed by oxidative stress and inflammation. In the first phases, the main treatment of NAFLD is to change the lifestyle, including dietary habits. In this sense, carotenoids have been shown to have a hepatoprotective effect due to their ability to reduce oxidative stress and regulate the lipid metabolism of hepatocytes by modulating certain genes. The objective of this review was to provide a description of the effects of dietary carotenoids from fruits and vegetables on liver health.
Bioassay Directed Isolation, Biological Evaluation and in Silico Studies of New Isolates from Pteris cretica L.
Authors: Saleem Farooq , Mehmood Rashad , Mehar Saima , Khan Muhammad Tahir Javed , Khan Zaheer-ud-Din , Ashraf Muhammad , Ali Muhammad Sajjad , Abdullah Iskandar , Froeyen Matheus , Mirza Muhammad Usman , Ahmad Sarfraz
Published: July 2019

Members of genus Pteris have their established role in the traditional herbal medicine system. In the pursuit to identify its biologically active constituents, the specie Pteris cretica L. (P. cretica) was selected for the bioassay-guided isolation. Two new maleates (F9 and CB18) were identified from the chloroform extract and the structures of the isolates were elucidated through their spectroscopic data. The putative targets, that potentially interact with both of these isolates, were identified through reverse docking by using in silico tools PharmMapper and ReverseScreen3D. On the basis of reverse docking results, both isolates were screened for their antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, α-glucosidase (GluE) inhibition and antibacterial activities. Both isolates depicted moderate potential for the selected activities. Furthermore, docking studies of both isolates were also studied to investigate the binding mode with respective targets followed by molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energies. Thereby, the current study embodies the poly-pharmacological potential of P. cretica.
InfoFlow: A Distributed Algorithm to Detect Communities According to the Map Equation
Authors: Fung Park K.
Published: July 2019

Formidably sized networks are becoming more and more common, including in social sciences, biology, neuroscience, and the technology space. Many network sizes are expected to challenge the storage capability of a single physical computer. Here, we take two approaches to handle big networks: first, we look at how big data technology and distributed computing is an exciting approach to big data storage and processing. Second, most networks can be partitioned or labeled into communities, clusters, or modules, thus capturing the crux of the network while reducing detailed information, through the class of algorithms known as community detection. In this paper, we combine these two approaches, developing a distributed community detection algorithm to handle big networks. In particular, the map equation provides a way to identify network communities according to the information flow between nodes, where InfoMap is a greedy algorithm that uses the map equation. We develop discrete mathematics to adapt InfoMap into a distributed computing framework and then further develop the mathematics for a greedy algorithm, InfoFlow, which has logarithmic time complexity, compared to the linear complexity in InfoMap. Benchmark results of graphs up to millions of nodes and hundreds of millions of edges confirm the time complexity improvement, while maintaining community accuracy. Thus, we develop a map equation based community detection algorithm suitable for big network data processing.
Forced Degradation Testing as Complementary Tool for Biosimilarity Assessment
Authors: Dyck Yan Felix Karl , Rehm Daniel , Joseph Jan Felix , Winkler Karsten , Sandig Volker , Jabs Wolfgang , Parr Maria Kristina
Published: July 2019

Oxidation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can impact their efficacy and may therefore represent critical quality attributes (CQA) that require evaluation. To complement classical CQA, bevacizumab and infliximab were subjected to oxidative stress by H2O2 for 24, 48, or 72 h to probe their oxidation susceptibility. For investigation, a middle-up approach was used utilizing liquid chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). In both mAbs, the Fc/2 subunit was completely oxidized. Additional oxidations were found in the light chain (LC) and in the Fd’ subunit of infliximab, but not in bevacizumab. By direct comparison of methionine positions, the oxidized residues in infliximab were assigned to M55 in LC and M18 in Fd’. The forced oxidation approach was further exploited for comparison of respective biosimilar products. Both for bevacizumab and infliximab, comparison of posttranslational modification profiles demonstrated high similarity of the unstressed reference product (RP) and the biosimilar (BS). However, for bevacizumab, comparison after forced oxidation revealed a higher susceptibility of the BS compared to the RP. It may thus be considered a useful tool for biopharmaceutical engineering, biosimilarity assessment, as well as for quality control of protein drugs.
Thermal Liquid Biopsy (TLB): A Predictive Score Derived from Serum Thermograms as a Clinical Tool for Screening Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Rodrigo Alberto , Ojeda Jorge L. , Vega Sonia , Sanchez-Gracia Oscar , Lanas Angel , Isla Dolores , Velazquez-Campoy Adrian , Abian Olga
Published: July 2019

Risk population screening programs are instrumental for advancing cancer management and reducing economic costs of therapeutic interventions and the burden of the disease, as well as increasing the survival rate and improving the quality of life for cancer patients. Lung cancer, with high incidence and mortality rates, is not excluded from this situation. The success of screening programs relies on many factors, with some of them being the appropriate definition of the risk population and the implementation of detection techniques with an optimal discrimination power and strong patient adherence. Liquid biopsy based on serum or plasma detection of circulating tumor cells or DNA/RNA is increasingly employed nowadays, but certain limitations constrain its wide application. In this work, we present a new implementation of thermal liquid biopsy (TLB) for lung cancer patients. TLB provides a prediction score based on the ability to detect plasma/serum proteome alterations through calorimetric thermograms that strongly correlates with the presence of lung cancer disease (91% accuracy rate, 90% sensitivity, 92% specificity, diagnostic odds ratio 104). TLB is a quick, minimally-invasive, low-risk technique that can be applied in clinical practice for evidencing lung cancer, and it can be used in screening and monitoring actions.
Palbociclib Promotes Dephosphorylation of NPM/B23 at Threonine 199 and Inhibits Endometrial Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Lin Chiao-Yun , Lee Li-Yu , Wang Tzu-Hao , Hsu Cheng-Lung , Tsai Chia-Lung , Chao Angel , Lai Chyong-Huey
Published: July 2019

Endometrial cancer incidence rates are growing, especially in countries with rapid socioeconomic transitions. Despite recent advances in chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, advanced/recurrent disease remains a clinical challenge. Palbociclib—a selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6—has therapeutic potential against estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer. However, the question as to whether it can be clinically useful in endometrial cancer remains open. Here, we show that combined treatment with palbociclib and megesterol acetate exerts synergistic antiproliferative effects against endometrial cancer cells. Treatment of cancer cells with palbociclib suppressed NPM/B23 phosphorylation at threonine 199 (Thr199). We further demonstrated that CDK6 acts as a NPM/B23 kinase. Palbociclib-induced NPM/B23 dephosphorylation sensitized endometrial cancer cells to megesterol acetate through the upregulation of ERα expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed an overexpression of phospho-NPM/B23 (Thr199) in human endometrial cancer, and phospho-NPM/B23 (Thr199) expression levels were inversely associated with Erα in clinical specimen. In a xenograft tumor model, the combination of palbociclib and megesterol acetate successfully inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, our data indicate that palbociclib promoted NPM/B23 dephosphorylation at Thr199—an effect mediated by disruption of CDK6 kinase activity. We conclude that palbociclib holds promise for the treatment of endometrial cancer when used in combination with megesterol acetate.
Impact of ROS Generated by Chemical, Physical, and Plasma Techniques on Cancer Attenuation
Authors: Mitra Sarmistha , Nguyen Linh Nhat , Akter Mahmuda , Park Gyungsoon , Choi Eun Ha , Kaushik Nagendra Kumar
Published: July 2019

For the last few decades, while significant improvements have been achieved in cancer therapy, this family of diseases is still considered one of the deadliest threats to human health. Thus, there is an urgent need to find novel strategies in order to tackle this vital medical issue. One of the most pivotal causes of cancer initiation is the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the body. Interestingly, on the other hand, high doses of ROS possess the capability to damage malignant cells. Moreover, several important intracellular mechanisms occur during the production of ROS. For these reasons, inducing ROS inside the biological system by utilizing external physical or chemical methods is a promising approach to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Beside conventional technologies, cold atmospheric plasmas are now receiving much attention as an emerging therapeutic tool for cancer treatment due to their unique biophysical behavior, including the ability to generate considerable amounts of ROS. This review summarizes the important mechanisms of ROS generated by chemical, physical, and plasma approaches. We also emphasize the biological effects and cancer inhibition capabilities of ROS.
Dicarbonyl Stress at the Crossroads of Healthy and Unhealthy Aging
Authors: Nigro Cecilia , Leone Alessia , Fiory Francesca , Prevenzano Immacolata , Nicolò Antonella , Mirra Paola , Beguinot Francesco , Miele Claudia
Published: July 2019

Dicarbonyl stress occurs when dicarbonyl metabolites (i.e., methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone) accumulate as a consequence of their increased production and/or decreased detoxification. This toxic condition has been associated with metabolic and age-related diseases, both of which are characterized by a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant state. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the most reactive dicarbonyl and the one with the highest endogenous flux. It is the precursor of the major quantitative advanced glycated products (AGEs) in physiological systems, arginine-derived hydroimidazolones, which accumulate in aging and dysfunctional tissues. The aging process is characterized by a decline in the functional properties of cells, tissues and whole organs, starting from the perturbation of crucial cellular processes, including mitochondrial function, proteostasis and stress-scavenging systems. Increasing studies are corroborating the causal relationship between MGO-derived AGEs and age-related tissue dysfunction, unveiling a previously underestimated role of dicarbonyl stress in determining healthy or unhealthy aging. This review summarizes the latest evidence supporting a causal role of dicarbonyl stress in age-related diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration.
Understanding the Global Sensory Landscape for Facial Cleansing/Makeup Remover Wipes
Authors: Xing Huajing , Krogmann Annlyse R. , Vaught Claudette , Chambers Edgar
Published: July 2019

Makeup chemistries have evolved over the recent years and have become more long-wearing, waterproof and difficult to remove. Thus, many changes have occurred among products designed to remove makeup. Specifically, the facial cleansing/makeup remover wipes category is challenged to establish new strategies and adapt to the changing consumer needs and the evolving competitive landscape. A global product category review can provide the upfront understanding necessary to establish fundamental knowledge. That knowledge can in turn be leveraged when developing future products. A customized descriptive analysis method was applied to address the unique challenges of the category. The method leveraged existing methods and was augmented with new descriptive modalities, specific to the unique developments in the category. A total of seventy-one attributes were identified that spanned visual and tactile cues of the wipes, cleansing performance cues during use, as well as skin look and feel attributes after use. Thirteen facial cleansing/makeup remover wipes from global markets were selected for testing based on commercial and historical insights. Three sensorial perceptual maps were generated displaying the profiles of the thirteen products in three areas of product properties—visual and tactile, cleaning performance, and skin look and feel. These study results combined with existing consumer insights helped the R&D team to establish strategies to guide product development for this category.
Derivations of the Core Functions of the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology
Authors: Brummer Alexander , Newman Erica
Published: July 2019

The Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE), is a theoretical framework of macroecology that makes a variety of realistic ecological predictions about how species richness, abundance of species, metabolic rate distributions, and spatial aggregation of species interrelate in a given region. In the METE framework, “ecological state variables” (representing total area, total species richness, total abundance, and total metabolic energy) describe macroecological properties of an ecosystem. METE incorporates these state variables into constraints on underlying probability distributions. The method of Lagrange multipliers and maximization of information entropy (MaxEnt) lead to predicted functional forms of distributions of interest. We demonstrate how information entropy is maximized for the general case of a distribution, which has empirical information that provides constraints on the overall predictions. We then show how METE’s two core functions are derived. These functions, called the “Spatial Structure Function” and the “Ecosystem Structure Function” are the core pieces of the theory, from which all the predictions of METE follow (including the Species Area Relationship, the Species Abundance Distribution, and various metabolic distributions). Primarily, we consider the discrete distributions predicted by METE. We also explore the parameter space defined by the METE’s state variables and Lagrange multipliers. We aim to provide a comprehensive resource for ecologists who want to understand the derivations and assumptions of the basic mathematical structure of METE.
On Wind Turbine Loads During Thunderstorm Downbursts in Contrasting Atmospheric Stability Regimes
Authors: Lu Nan-You , Hawbecker Patrick , Basu Sukanta , Manuel Lance
Published: July 2019

Severe winds produced by thunderstorm downbursts pose a serious risk to the structural integrity of wind turbines. However, guidelines for wind turbine design (such as the International Electrotechnical Commission Standard, IEC 61400-1) do not describe the key physical characteristics of such events realistically. In this study, a large-eddy simulation model is employed to generate several idealized downburst events during contrasting atmospheric stability conditions that range from convective through neutral to stable. Wind and turbulence fields generated from this dataset are then used as inflow for a 5-MW land-based wind turbine model; associated turbine loads are estimated and compared for the different inflow conditions. We first discuss time-varying characteristics of the turbine-scale flow fields during the downbursts; next, we investigate the relationship between the velocity time series and turbine loads as well as the influence and effectiveness of turbine control systems (for blade pitch and nacelle yaw). Finally, a statistical analysis is conducted to assess the distinct influences of the contrasting stability regimes on extreme and fatigue loads on the wind turbine.
An Enhanced Flow-Thermo-Structural Modeling and Validation for the Integrated Analysis of a Film Cooling Nozzle Guide Vane
Authors: Guan Peng , Ai Yan-Ting , Fei Cheng-Wei
Published: July 2019

The target of this paper is to develop an enhanced flow-thermo-structural (FTS) model with high computational accuracy, to perform the integrated analysis of film cooling nozzle guide vane (NGV). An efficient turbulence model and weak spring approach are utilized in the enhanced FTS model. In respect of the power balance principle of aeroengine rotor shaft and temperature test of a typical combustor, the mean temperature inlet and five normalization temperature curves were confirmed, respectively. The temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) technology was used to verify the numerical simulation. From this study, we find that the predicted temperature caters for the TSP test well, between which the maximum error is less than 6%, and the maximum thermal stress is 758 MPa around the hole edges and the location of stress concentration keeps the consistency with that of the cracks. The maximum thermal stress increases by 10% with the increasing inlet temperature and reduces by about 16% with the shifting of flame peak from the outer to inner hub. The prediction provides general information on the initiation of cracks on a vane segment. The developed enhanced FTS model is validated to be workable and precise in the integrated analysis of film cooling NGV. The efforts of this study provide an integrated analysis approach of film cooling NGV and are promising to provide guidance for the integrated design of film cooling components besides NGV.
Developing Interventions for Scaling Up UK Upcycling
Authors: Sung Kyungeun , Cooper Tim , Kettley Sarah
Published: July 2019

Upcycling presents one of many opportunities for reducing consumption of materials and energy. Despite recent growth evidenced by increasing numbers of practitioners and businesses based on upcycling, it remains a niche activity and requires scaling up to realise its potential benefits. This paper investigates UK household upcycling in order to develop interventions for scaling up upcycling in the UK. Mixed methods were used in four stages: (a) Interviews to gain insights into UK upcycling; (b) a survey to discover key factors influencing UK upcycling; (c) intervention development based on the synthesis of interviews and survey; and (d) use of a semi-Delphi technique to evaluate and develop initial interventions. The results showed approaches to upcycling (e.g., wood, metal and fabric as frequently used materials, online platforms as frequently used source of materials), context for upcycling (e.g., predominant use of home for upcycling), factors influencing UK upcycling with key determinants (i.e., intention, attitude and subjective norm), important demographic characteristics considering a target audience for interventions (i.e., 30+ females) and prioritised interventions for scaling up (e.g., TV and inspirational media and community workshops as short-term high priority interventions). The paper further discusses implications of the study in terms of development of theory and practice of upcycling.
Validation of a Model for Estimating the Strength of a Vortex Created from the Bound Circulation of a Vortex Generator
Authors: Hansen Martin O. L. , Charalampous Antonis , Foucaut Jean-Marc , Cuvier Christophe , Velte Clara M.
Published: July 2019

A hypothesis was tested and validated for predicting the vortex strength induced by a vortex generator in wall-bounded flow by combining the knowledge of the Vortex Generator (VG) geometry and the approaching boundary layer velocity distribution. In this paper, the spanwise distribution of bound circulation on a vortex generator was computed by integrating the pressure force along the VG height, calculated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It was then assumed that all this bound circulation was shed into a wake to fulfill Helmholtz’s theorem which then curls up into one primary tip vortex. To validate this, the trailed circulation estimated from the distribution of the bound circulation was compared to the one in the wake behind the vortex generator, determined directly from the wake velocities at some downstream distance. In practical situations, the pressure distribution on a vane is unknown and consequently other estimates of the spanwise force distribution on a VG must instead be applied, such as using 2D airfoil data corresponding to the VG geometry at each wall-normal distance. Such models have previously been proposed and used as an engineering tool to aid preliminary VG design. Therefore, it is not the purpose of this paper to refine such engineering models, but rather to validate their assumptions, such as applying a lifting line model on a VG that has a very low aspect ratio and is placed in a wall boundary layer. Herein, high Reynolds number boundary layer measurements of VG-induced flow were used to validate the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model circulation results, which were used for further illustration and validation of the hypothesis.
Investigation on Asymmetric Instability of Cylindrical Power-Law Liquid Jets
Authors: Guo Jin-Peng , Bai Fu-Qiang , Chang Qing , Du Qing
Published: July 2019

An investigation has been performed to reveal the breakup mechanism of three-dimensional power-law cylindrical jets with different mode disturbances. It is observed experimentally that the asymmetric mode disturbances could prevail over the counterpart of symmetric mode under special conditions. The dispersion equation characterizing the instability of three-dimensional cylindrical jets of power-law fluids is deduced. The effects of the Weber number, generalized Reynolds number, power-law exponent, and gas–liquid density ratio on the jet instability are studied in detail. It is found that the maximum growth rates of asymmetric mode disturbances are usually larger than those of symmetric mode disturbances under high Weber numbers and low generalized Reynolds numbers, which implies that the former are more likely to be responsible for the breakup of power-law fluids. Meanwhile, the large gas–liquid interaction could trigger more short, unstable waves. Interestingly, with the increase of jet velocity, the interaction between liquid and gas phases plays an increasingly leading role on the breakup of power-law cylindrical jets, whereas the viscous force and the power-law exponent have less significant impacts. Theoretical analysis results give a better comprehensive understanding for the power-law jets.
Axisymmetric Linear Hyperspectral Absorption Spectroscopy and Residuum-Based Parameter Selection on a Counter Flow Burner
Authors: Emmert Johannes , Baroncelli Martina , v.d. Kley Sani , Pitsch Heinz , Wagner Steven
Published: July 2019

Chemical species tomography enables non-invasive measurements of temperatures and concentrations in gas phase processes. In this work, we demonstrate the recently introduced linear hyperspectral absorption tomography (LHAT) on an axisymmetric counterflow burner used for speciation studies of Oxyfuel combustion. As LHAT reconstructs spectrally resolved local absorption coefficient spectra, the physical plausibility of these reconstructed spectra degrades with an over-regularization of the tomographic problem. As presented in this work, this behavior can be employed in a novel regularization parameter choice method based on the residuals of local spectroscopic fits to the reconstructed spectra. After determining the regularization parameter, the reconstructions of the temperature and water mole fraction profiles of different flames are compared to numerical simulations, showing a good agreement.
Optimum Design of a Transportation Scheme for Healthcare Supply Chain Management: The Effect of Energy Consumption
Authors: Jemai Jihed , Sarkar Biswajit
Published: July 2019

The perishability of blood platelets complicates the management of their supply chain. This paper studies the impact of energy consumption and carbon emissions of transportation activities in a blood platelet supply chain. Energy consumption and carbon emissions vary significantly, and the effective location-allocation of blood facilities is a key strategy for the optimal use of energy. The total cost of the supply chain for perishable products is minimized when energy consumption is optimized. The proposed model is too complex to be solved with existing methodologies; therefore, mathematical tools are used to solve it. A numerical experiment is carried out to validate the proposed model, and graphical representations are presented for better visualization of the study’s outcomes. The results of the numerical studies confirm that the selected locations of blood facilities are optimal for the maximization of energy efficiency and minimization of the total cost.