bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotation‐Inversion Isomerization of Tertiary Carbamates: Potential Energy Surface Analysis of Multi‐Paths Isomerization Using Boltzmann Statistics
Authors: Jameson Brian , Glaser Rainer
Published: October 2022

Potential energy surface (PES) analyses at the SMD[MP2/6–311++G(d,p)] level and higher‐level energies up to MP4(fc,SDTQ) are reported for the fluorinated tertiary carbamate N‐ethyl‐N‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) methyl carbamate (VII) and its parent system N,N‐dimethyl methyl carbamate (VI). Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the rotational barrier about the CN carbamate bond and its interplay with the hybridization of the N‐lone pair (NLP). All rotational transition state (TS) structures were found by computation of 1D relaxed rotational profiles but only 2D PES scans revealed the rotation‐inversion paths in a compelling fashion. We found four unique chiral minima of VII, one pair each of E‐ and Z‐rotamers, and we determined the eight unique rotational TS structures associated with every possible E/Z‐isomerization path. It is a significant finding that all TS structures feature N‐pyramidalization whereas the minima essentially contain sp2‐hybridized nitrogen. We will show that the TS stabilities are affected by the synergetic interplay between NLP/CO2 repulsion minimization, NLP→σ*(CO) negative hyperconjugation, and two modes of intramolecular through‐space electrostatic stabilization. We demonstrate how Boltzmann statistics must be applied to determine the predicted experimental rotational barrier based on the energetics of all eight rotamerization pathways. The computed barrier for VII is in complete agreement with the experimentally measured barrier of the very similar fluorinated carbamate N‐Boc‐N‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)‐4‐aminobutan‐1‐ol II. NMR properties of VII were calculated with a variety of density functional/basis set combinations and Boltzmann averaging over the E‐ and Z‐rotamers at our best theoretical level results in good agreement with experimental chemical shifts δ(13C) and J(13C,19F) coupling constants of II (within 6 %).
Circ_0002099 is a novel molecular therapeutic target for bladder cancer
Authors: Fang Ping , Jiang Qingling , Liu Sizhong , Gu Jun , Hu Kai , Wang Zishu
Published: October 2022

Bladder cancer (BLCA) acts as one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system without ideal therapy. We performed the present study to explore the role and mechanism of Circ_0002099 in BLCA progression. RNase R treatment assay and actinomycin D treatment assay were used to confirm the circular structure of Circ_0002099. Nuclear‐cytoplasmic fractionation assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to indicate the subcellular localization of Circ_0002099. The CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, wound‐healing assay, Transwell assay, and animal experiment were used to reveal the facilitative effect of Circ_0002099 on BLCA both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis, western blot analysis, FISH, and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were conducted to demonstrate the role of Circ_0002099 in BLCA progression. The results indicated that Circ_0002099 was significantly upregulated in BLCA and could enhance the progression of BLCA in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, dual‐luciferase reporter assay and FISH assay revealed that Circ_0002099 could regulate miR‐217‐5p/miR‐103a‐3p/Kirsten RAS (KRAS) axis in BLCA. In addition, rescue experiments confirmed that miR‐217‐5p/miR‐103a‐3p could rescue the facilitative effect of Circ_0002099 on BLCA progression. Moreover, FUS (FUSed in sarcoma) was identified to regulate the Circ_0002099‐miR‐217‐5p/miR‐103a‐3p/KRAS axis in BLCA progression. The present study suggested that FUS‐medicated Circ_0002099 could promote the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process in BLCA progression via miR‐217‐5p/miR‐103a‐3p/KRAS axis‐WNT/β‐catenin axis. It could be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for BLCA.
Botulax and the US development
Authors: Bravo Monica , Vogel Kelly , Sternfels Whitney , Touchet Natalie , Turegano Mamina
Published: October 2022

Background: LetibotulinumtoxinA (LeBA; Hugel Inc.) is a novel botulinum toxin derived from the Clostridium botulinum strain CBFC26. It is marketed as Botulax with cosmetic and neuromuscular indications.Materials and Methods: This review article summarizes the current literature regarding the key efficacy and safety studies regarding LeBA. It also highlights unique features of LeBA regarding its physical properties, onset with use, duration of effect, and immunogenicity.Results: LeBA's cosmetic use shows efficacy in decreasing glabellar lines and crow's feet. It has also shown efficacy in treating post‐stroke upper limb spasticity, blepharospasm, and dynamic equinus foot deformities in children with cerebral palsy.Discussion: LeBA is a novel BoNT type A that is currently indicated for treatment of both neuromuscular disease and for cosemetic purposes. LeBA has displayed equivocal efficacy and a similar safety profile when compared to other botulinum neurotoxin preparations.
Measuring repeatability of compositional diet estimates: An example using quantitative fatty acid signature analysis
Authors: Stewart Connie , Lang Shelley L. C. , Iverson Sara , Bowen W. Don
Published: October 2022

By measuring the temporal consistency, or repeatability, in the diets of predators, we can gain a better understanding of the degree of individual specialization in resource utilization and implications for predator–prey interactions, population dynamics, and food web structure. To measure repeatability, we require repeated diet estimates of individuals over time, such as those derived from quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA), a popular diet estimation technique. However, diet estimates are often lengthy compositional vectors with many zeros, as some prey will not be consumed by all individuals, precluding the use of previously proposed measures of repeatability. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for inferring repeatability for multivariate data and, in particular, compositional diet estimates. We extend the commonly used measure of repeatability for univariate data to the multivariate compositional setting by utilizing the mean squares obtained from a nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance, and an appropriate choice of statistical distance. Our measure and its extension are compatible with both balanced and unbalanced data sets. Associated confidence intervals via nonparametric bootstrapping are also developed for the case of QFASA diet estimates that incorporate both sampling error and measurement error, where the latter error arises because the diets of predators are estimated. Simulation study results suggest that for practical levels of repeatability, our methods yield confidence intervals with the desired coverage probability even when the sample size relative to the dimension of the data (i.e., number of prey species eaten) is small. We tested our methods using QFASA diet estimates for free‐ranging Northwest Atlantic grey seals. Given the importance of understanding how predator diets vary over time and space, our method may find broad application to other compositional diet estimates, including those derived from the stomach or fecal contents, and stable isotope analyses.
Amino acid profiling to predict prognosis in patients with heart failure: an expert review
Authors: Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Okumura Takahiro , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: October 2022

Heart failure is a complex disease with a poor prognosis. A number of widely used prognostic tools have limitations, so efforts to identify novel predictive markers and measures are important. As a metabolomics tool, amino acid profiling has shown promise in predicting heart failure prognosis; however, the evidence has not yet been sufficiently evaluated. We describe the utilization of amino acids in the healthy heart and in heart failure before reviewing the literature on amino acid profiling for prognostic prediction. We expertly interpret the findings and provide suggestions for future research to advance the understanding of the prognostic potential of amino acid profiling in heart failure. Our analysis revealed correlations between amino acid biomarkers and traditional prognostic factors, the additional prognostic value of amino acid biomarkers over traditional prognostic factors, and the successful use of amino acid biomarkers to distinguish heart failure aetiology. Although certain amino acid biomarkers have demonstrated additional prognostic value over traditional measures, such as New York Heart Association functional class, these measures are deeply rooted in clinical practice; thus, amino acid biomarkers may be best placed as additional prognostic tools to improve current risk stratification rather than as surrogate tools. Once the metabolic profiles of different heart failure aetiologies have been clearly delineated, the amino acid biomarkers with the most value in prognostic prediction should be determined. Amino acid profiling could be useful to evaluate the pathophysiology and metabolic status of different heart failure cohorts, distinguish heart failure aetiologies, and improve risk stratification and prognostic prediction.
Diboration of Alkynes Accelerated by Synergistic Effects of Ruthenium Complexes and Phenoxides
Authors: Murakami Suguru , Matsubara Ryosuke , Hayashi Masahiko
Published: October 2022

Alkynes react with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) in the presence of 5–10 mol % [Cp*RuCl2]n to afford the corresponding (Z)‐1,2‐diboryl alkenes. The addition of 30 mol % NaOC6H4(4‐tBu) and 2–5 equiv. of methanol was essential for the reaction to proceed with high product yield. Various alkynes were employed in the reaction, and the obtained 1,2‐diboryl alkenes were used as precursors for tetrasubstituted alkenes.
In Situ Generated DBU⋅HF Acts as a Fluorinating Agent in a Hexafluoroisobutylation Tandem Reaction: An Effective Route to 5,5,5,5’,5’,5’‐Hexafluoroleucine
Authors: Naulet Guillaume , Delamare Aline , Guichard Gilles , Compain Guillaume
Published: October 2022

We report the direct incorporation of the hexafluoroisobutyl group on a chiral glycine Schiff base complex mediated by 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU). The fluoroalkylation involves 2‐(bromomethyl)‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropane reagent, which generates in situ hexafluoroisobutylene (HFIB), and reacts then with the enolate through a tandem allylic shift/hydrofluorination process. We showed that the use of neutral organic base DBU generates in situ an original DBU⋅HF salt, which preserves the fluoride nucleophilicity and acts as a fluorinating agent. This fluoride salt promotes the hydrofluorination of the pentafluorinated alkene overcoming the usual fluoride β‐elimination observed with α‐CF3‐vinyl reagents. With alkali metal bases, by contrast, the hydrofluorination is disfavored and the pentafluorinated alkene intermediate is obtained predominantly. This study highlights the critical role of the fluoride counter ion to preserve its nucleophilicity. The protocol is amenable to multidecagram scale synthesis of enantiopure (S)‐ and (R)‐5,5,5,5’,5’,5’‐hexafluoroleucine and their N‐Fmoc or N‐Boc derivatives in good overall yield.
Astrocytic Yin Yang 1 is critical for murine brain development and protection against apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation
Authors: Pajarillo Edward , Nyarko‐Danquah Ivan , Digman Alexis , Vied Cynthia , Son Deok‐Soo , Lee Jayden , Aschner Michael , Lee Eunsook
Published: October 2022

The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, regulating the expression of a variety of genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a context‐dependent manner. While it is well‐established that global YY1 knockout (KO) leads to embryonic death in mice and that YY1 deletion in neurons or oligodendrocytes induces impaired brain function, the role of astrocytic YY1 in the brain remains unknown. We investigated the role of astrocytic YY1 in the brain using a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐specific YY1 conditional KO (YY1 cKO) mouse model to delete astrocytic YY1. Astrocytic YY1 cKO mice were tested for behavioral phenotypes, such as locomotor activity, coordination, and cognition, followed by an assessment of relevant biological pathways using RNA‐sequencing analysis, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry in the cortex, midbrain, and cerebellum. YY1 cKO mice showed abnormal phenotypes, movement deficits, and cognitive dysfunction. At the molecular level, astrocytic YY1 deletion altered the expression of genes associated with proliferation and differentiation, p53/caspase apoptotic pathways, oxidative stress response, and inflammatory signaling including NF‐κB, STAT, and IRF in all regions. Astrocytic YY1 deletion significantly increased the expression of GFAP as astrocytic activation and Iba1 as microglial activation, indicating astrocytic YY1 deletion activated microglia as well. Accordingly, multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including TNF‐α and CXCL10 were elevated. Combined, these novel findings suggest that astrocytic YY1 is a critical transcription factor for normal brain development and locomotor activity, motor coordination, and cognition. Astrocytic YY1 is also essential in preventing pathological oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
The epidemiology and clinical features of personality disorders in later life; a study of secondary care data
Authors: Treagust Natasha , Sidhom Emad , Lewis Jonathan , Denman Chess , Knutson Olivia , Underwood Benjamin R.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Personality disorders (PDs) are often conceptualised as impacting individuals throughout their life. However, there has been limited study of the disorders in those over the age of 65. We have used the psychiatric secondary care medical records of 21,971 individuals over the age of 65 from Cambridgeshire, UK, who received care between 2014 and 2021 to characterise older patients with a PD diagnosis.

Methods

The data from all patients >65 with a diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) was extracted (n = 217) along with two comparison groups (n = 2170); patients <65 with a diagnosis of PD and patients >65 with a psychiatric diagnosis other than PD or dementia.

Results

Compared to younger patients with PD, older patients were more likely to be male, married, suffering from a mixed PD and live in less deprived areas. Compared to patients >65 with diagnoses other than PD, older patients were more likely to be female, single or divorced and had a higher level of social deprivation. Our most striking finding was that older patients with PDs were more likely to experience polypharmacy. A mean of 18.48 different drugs had been prescribed over their lifetime, compared to 9.51 for patients >65 with other mental health diagnoses.

Conclusion

Here we present the largest ever description of this group of patients and provide insights that could inform clinical practice and future research.
Development and uncertainty analysis of infiltration models using PSO and Monte Carlo method
Authors: Torabi Podeh Hassan , Parsaie Abbas , Shahinejad Babak , Arshia Azadeh , Shamsi Zahra
Published: October 2022

The present research aims to calibrate infiltration models including the Kostiakov (KM), modified Kostiakov (MKM), Novel (NM), Philip (PM), Horton (HM) and Soil Conservation Service (SCSM) models using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. To satisfy this end, the published data related to the double‐ring test in the Davood Rashid and Hunam regions located in Lorestan and Ilam provinces (western Iran) were applied. Then, Monte Carlo analysis (MCA) was used to model the uncertainty of the coefficients of the mentioned models. The lowest accuracy in the Hunam region is related to MKM with the statistical indices coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.901 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.023, while in the same region, the highest accuracy is related to the NM with the statistical indices R2 = 0.988 and RMSE = 0.008. For the Davood Rashid region, the lowest accuracy is related to the HM with the statistical indices R2 = 0.890 and RMSE = 0.038. In this region, the highest accuracy is related to the NM and MKM with the statistical indices R2 = 0.987 and RMSE = 0.012. To determine the uncertainty of the parameters of the infiltration models, 10,000 datasets were generated based on observed data and the MCA, and then their range at the 95% confidence level was calculated. According to the MCA, among the models used in the study areas, the NM has less uncertainty and the results of this model can be adopted with more reliability.
Identification of TLR2/4‐mediated phagocytosis and immune response activation pathways by vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lee Su‐Min , Kim Bit‐Na , Kim Yang‐Hoon , Min Jiho
Published: October 2022

The vacuoles of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are closely related to mammalian lysosomes and play a role in macromolecular degradation due to the hydrolytic enzymes present inside. The vacuoles also regulate osmotic pressure and control cellular homeostasis. In previous results, vacuoles were shown to activate the immune response of macrophages by promoting the production of immune‐mediated transporters nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the effects of vacuoles on the phagocytosis activity of RAW264.7 cells and their potential as immune enhancers were evaluated, and receptors capable of recognizing vacuoles were examined. An investigation using the phagocytes assay showed that phagocytosis activity increased by the vacuole. Besides, after treatment with TLR2/4 inhibitor, the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by vacuoles was significantly reduced and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein was also significantly reduced. However, treatment with a TLR2 inhibitor did not reduce the production of interleukin‐6 (IL)‐6, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine. As a result of confirming the activation of TLR2/4 using Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF), the TLR2/4 protein expression and fluorescence intensity increased depending on the concentration of vacuoles. Yeast vacuoles significantly upregulate protein expression of p‐p65/p‐p38 MAPKs. In summary, the vacuoles isolated from S. cerevisiae in macrophages have increased phagocytic ability at a concentration of 20 (µg/ml) and can function as immune‐enhancing agent suggesting that TLR2/4 mediated the p38 MAPK/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway.
Multi‐Sequence and Multi‐Regional MRI‐Based Radiomics Nomogram for the Preoperative Assessment of Muscle Invasion in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Xiaoyang , Yang Li , Tang Ying , Guo Junting , Li Ding , Li Shuo , Li Yan , Wang Le , Lei Ying , Qiao Hong , Yang Guoqiang , Wang Xiaochun
Published: October 2022

Background

Whether bladder cancer (BCa) invades muscle is a determinant of management. However, the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of muscle invasion is not satisfactory.

Purpose

To investigate the value of multi‐sequence and multi‐regional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics nomogram for assessing muscle invasion of BCa.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

342 BCa patients, divided into a training set (239 cases), a validation set (68 cases), and a test set (35 cases).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T/T2‐weighted image, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging.

Assessment

Patients were divided into muscle‐invasive (79 cases) and non‐muscle‐invasive (263 cases). Two radiologists delineated the whole tumor, tumor body, and muscle layer of BCa, respectively, and extracted radiomic features.

Statistical Tests

Recursive feature elimination, Pearson correlation coefficient, logistic regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis, and 5‐fold cross‐validation were used to screen features and build a radiomics model. The clinical data were collected to construct a clinical model and a radiomics‐clinical nomogram.

Results

23,688 features were extracted. After screening, the radiomics scoring model was constructed using nine radiomics features with area under curve (AUC) values of 0.933, 0.913, and 0.931 in the training, validation, and test sets, respectively. The clinical model was constructed using five clinical independent risk factors; the AUC values in the training, validation, and test set were 0.876, 0.859, and 0.824, respectively. After logistic regression analysis, the AUC values of the radiomics‐clinical nomogram were made up of four clinical independent risk factors and radiomics scores were 0.955, 0.922, and 0.935 for the training, validation, and test sets, respectively. The DeLong test between clinical model and radiomics‐clinical nomogram shows P < 0.001.

Conclusion

Multi‐sequence and multi‐regional MRI‐based radiomics models could effectively assess the state of BCa muscular invasion. The radiomics‐clinical nomogram is superior to clinical model for assessing BCa muscular invasion.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Evaluation of the forecast skill of North American Multi‐Model Ensemble for monthly and seasonal precipitation forecasts over Iran
Authors: Shirvani Amin , Landman Willem A. , Barlow Mathew , Hoell Andrew
Published: October 2022

North American Multi‐Model Ensemble (NMME) precipitation forecast skill over Iran is evaluated using Taylor diagrams and ranked probability skill scores (RPSS) as determined over a 29‐year test period (1991–2019). The forecast skill for both monthly (October through June for lead‐times of 0.5–3.5 months) and seasonal (October–December [OND], January–March [JFM], and April–June [AMJ] for lead‐times of 1.5–3.5 months) timescales is evaluated using six NMME models as well as multi‐model ensemble means (MMM). The latest versions of these models for forecasting Iran's precipitation have not been evaluated thus far. The Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) version 2020 dataset is used to verify the models. Among individual NMME models, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory‐Seamless System for Prediction and Earth System Research (GFDL‐SPEAR) has generally the highest forecast skill. Both Taylor diagrams and RPSS of most of the models have indicated that the highest forecast skill is found for the month of November such that the Pearson correlation for both SPEAR and MMM is statistically significant for all lead‐times. For both monthly and seasonal timescales, the temporal Pearson correlation (TPC) between the observed and forecasts of the MMM is higher than the TPC of the individual models. The spatial Pearson correlation (SPC) and normalized centred root mean square error (NCRMSE) of the SPEAR is close to MMM, but the normalized standard deviation (NSD) of the SPEAR is closer to one compared to the MMM for months from November to March and two seasons (OND and JFM seasons). The MMM precipitation forecasts are underestimated over the northern regions and Zagros mountains for JFM and OND seasons for both 1.5‐ and 2.5‐month lead‐times. The degree to which the forecast skill of MMM is dependent on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) connections with precipitation over Iran is examined. Significant Spearman correlations between simultaneous observed Niño3.4 index and Iran precipitation are found for OND, but not for JFM and AMJ. The MMM reproduces the observed ENSO teleconnections to the tropical Pacific in OND, consistent with forecast skill in that season. However, the MMM also produces forecast skill in JFM and AMJ when the ENSO influence is marginal, showing that ENSO is not the only source of skill in the models.
Metabolic profile and potential mechanisms of Wendan decoction on coronary heart disease by ultra‐high‐performance quadrupole time of flight‐mass spectrometry combined with network pharmacology analysis
Authors: Wang Qi , Chen Jiayun , Zhang Yezi , Xu Danping , Wu Huanlin , Lin Pei , He Liangliang , Qin Zifei , Yao Zhihong
Published: October 2022

Wendan decoction, a well‐known classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely used in the clinical application of coronary heart disease for thousands of years. However, due to a lack of research on the overall metabolism of Wendan decoction, the bioavailable components responsible for the therapeutic effects remain unclear, hindering the revelation of its mechanisms against coronary heart disease. Consequently, an efficient joint research pattern combined with characterization of the metabolic profile and network pharmacology analysis was proposed. As a result, a total of 172 Wendan decoction‐related xenobiotics (57 prototypes and 115 metabolites) were detected based on the exploration of the typical metabolic pathways of representative pure compounds in vivo, describing their multi‐component metabolic characteristics comprehensively. Subsequently, an integrated network of “herbs‐bioavailable compounds‐coronary heart disease targets‐pathways‐therapeutic effects” was constructed, and its seven compounds were finally screened out as the key components acting on five main targets of coronary heart disease. Overall, this work not only provided a crucial biological foundation for interpreting the effective components and action mechanisms of Wendan decoction on coronary heart disease but also showed a reference value for revealing the bioactive components of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Soft Tissue Calcifications in the Head and Neck Region Detected on Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Özkan Gökhan , Köse Emre , Yeşiltepe Selin
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to present a comparison between panoramic radiographs and USG imaging with a focus on revealing the advantages of USG over radiographs, and to show the distribution of calcifications detected in USG by considering the age and gender.

Methods

A total of 148 patients with soft tissue calcifications as seen on panoramic radiographs were examined with USG imaging. Sialoliths, carotid artery calcifications, tonsilloliths, phleboliths and lymph node calcifications were examined in terms of anatomical localization, distribution and shape.

Results

In the USG evaluation of these 148 patients, soft tissue calcifications were observed in 113 (76.4%) patients. The mean age of the patients with calcification was 55.6 ± 13.1 (min: 22–max: 77). Bilateral calcifications were detected in 25 (22.1%) patients, whereas unilateral calcifications were found in 88 (77.9%) patients. While the rates of tonsilloliths, sialoliths, phleboliths, and lymph node calcifications were statistically similar in male and female patients, the rate of carotid artery calcifications was found to be higher in men than in women (P = 0.017). No statistical significance was found between age groups in terms of the formation of soft tissue calcifications (P = 0.117).

Conclusions

Panoramic radiographs may mislead clinicians in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of soft tissue calcifications in the head and neck region due to the presence of distortion, superpositions, metal artefacts, and ghost images. USG is an important diagnostic tool in determining the localization of soft tissue calcifications that can be confused on two‐dimensional radiographs, their relationship with neighboring structures, and defining calcification. It can be used safely in the detection of soft tissue calcifications as it provides dynamic imaging without the use of radiation or contrast material compared to other advanced imaging methods.
Stability of a two‐dimensional stationary rotating flow in an exterior cylinder
Authors: Higaki Mitsuo
Published: October 2022

We investigate the stability of an exact stationary flow in an exterior cylinder. The horizontal velocity is the two‐dimensional rotating flow in an exterior disk with a critical spatial decay, for which the L2 stability is known under smallness conditions. We prove its stability property for three‐dimensional perturbations although the Hardy type inequalities are absent as in the two‐dimensional case. The proof uses a large time estimate for the linearized equations exhibiting different behaviors in the Fourier modes, namely, the standard L2‐ decay of the two‐dimensional mode and an exponential decay of the three‐dimensional modes.
Influencer marketing: When and why gen Z consumers avoid influencers and endorsed brands
Authors: Pradhan Debasis , Kuanr Abhisek , Anupurba Pahi Sampa , Akram Muhammad S.
Published: October 2022

Consumer avoidance of brands and influencers is a widespread phenomenon, especially among Generation Z (Gen Z); however, influencer marketing literature lacks clarity about when and why Gen Z engages in such avoidance. Our experimental investigation, across four studies, reveals that Gen Z considers brands' control over influencers to be morally irresponsible and, thus, avoids both. We introduce a novel construct,influencer avoidance, and examine its drivers. Study 1 indicates that perceived brand control engenders avoidance; moderation evidence shows that macro (vs. micro) influencers accentuate (attenuate) the influence of brand control on avoidance. Study 2 shows that Gen Z enjoying a strong versus weak relationship with influencers results in lower (higher) avoidance towards influencers and endorsed brands. Study 3 demonstrates that negative moral emotions mediate the relationship between perceived brand control and avoidance behavior. Study 4 generalizes the findings by analyzing a different influencer and endorsed brand and including a prominent advertisement disclosure. By investigating the drivers and mechanisms of Gen Z's avoidance behavior, our research contributes to research on the theory of moral responsibility, Gen Z's influencer avoidance behavior, and anti‐consumption literature. This offers key insights into how to prevent acts of consumer retribution towards influencers and brands.
A Life History Study of Atlantic Wolffish Resolves Bias and Imprecision in Length and Age at Maturity Schedules by Recognizing Abortive Maturation
Authors: McBride Richard S. , Fairchild Elizabeth A. , Press Yvonna K. , Elzey Scott P. , Adams Charles F. , Bentzen Paul
Published: October 2022

Stock assessments of U.S. Atlantic Wolffish Anarhichas lupus are hampered by a landings moratorium and low catches in fishery independent surveys. Working with the commercial fishing industry, we collected hundreds of fish to overcome a lack of regionally specific life history information. Based on ages from sectioned otoliths, Atlantic Wolffish are long lived (maximum observed age: males = 31 years, females = 29 years). A Gompertz growth model showed that Atlantic Wolffish exhibit dimorphic growth—with larger males across all ages on average. Preliminary estimates of total mortality ranged from 0.15 to 0.21 and were lower than an estimate measured at the beginning of the moratorium. Based on gonad histology, a cohort of vitellogenic oocytes emerged in mature females by April and developed group synchronously to ovulate primarily in October. Skip spawning, which accounts for nonannual spawning, was observed in 5.6% of the mature females. Accounting for abortive maturation, a physiological event that delays functional maturation, improved precision and reduced bias of maturity estimates. The resulting median length at functional maturity was 53 cm total length (95% confidence interval = 49–56 cm), and the median age was 6.7 years old (6.2–7.2 years). These estimates are smaller and younger than elsewhere in the western North Atlantic Ocean, confirming that regionally specific maturity parameters are relevant when assessing reference points of the U.S. Atlantic Wolffish fishery.
Would customers of social enterprises become social entrepreneurs?
Authors: Ip Ching Yin , Liang Chaoyun
Published: October 2022

To investigate whether customers purchasing goods and services from social enterprises would become social entrepreneurs, 980 survey participants were recruited, and two promising models were tested. In the first study, social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) was investigated by examining the mediating effects of purchase intention and willingness to pay a premium on the relationship between outcome expectation and SEI. The results revealed that the effect of outcome expectation on SEI is mediated through willingness to pay a premium; moreover, purchase intention has no significant effect on SEI. In the second study, we confirmed that the dominant effect on SEI resulted from willingness to pay a premium, followed by outcome expectation. Furthermore, the results revealed that purchase intention enhances the effect of outcome expectation on SEI among customers with high purchase intention, thus demonstrating the moderating role of purchase intention. Business partners could be cultivated through the beneficial outcome expectations and favourable purchasing behaviour exhibited by the customers of social enterprises.
Extreme temperature events monitored by Raman lidar: Consistency and complementarity with spaceborne observations and modelling
Authors: Baron Alexandre , Chazette Patrick , Totems Julien
Published: October 2022

Two extreme temperature events (ETEs), both triggered by atmospheric blocking situations, were monitored by a pure rotational Raman lidar 20 km south of Paris. The first ETE lasted 6 days in late February 2018 with the onset of a cold wave surging from Siberia, and the second was a short heatwave that occurred at the end of July 2020. After calibration using simultaneous radiosoundings, lidar vertical profiles of temperature are derived with an uncertainty of less than 1 °C within both the planetary boundary layer and the lower/middle free troposphere (~3/6 km above ground level [a.g.l.] for day/night), with a final vertical resolution of 50 m and a temporal resolution of 30 min. Such capabilities fulfil the observational requirements of the World Meteorological Organisation and contribute to fill a gap left behind by current operational instruments, which struggle to follow the diurnal cycle of the planetary boundary layer due to insufficient spatial and temporal resolutions in the low troposphere. These case studies allow to assess how such weather events are represented by numerical weather prediction modelling and whether they can be correctly observed by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) spaceborne mission. Our results demonstrate that during these events both ECMWF reanalyses and forecasts are in overall very good accordance with lidar observations (correlation >0.9 in average). Still, they show warm biases (~1°C–2°C) compared with the lidar and improvable temperature field representation in the boundary layer. The radiances measured by IASI, assimilated in the operational model, do not capture temperature profiles adequately below ~2–3 km a.g.l., mainly due to the altitude location of its weighting functions. The bias computed against the lidar reaches 2°C during the heatwave and 4°C during the cold wave case in the first 2 km of the atmosphere, beyond expected errors found in the literature.
The dimensional character of permeability: Dimensionless groups that govern Darcy's flow in anisotropic porous media
Authors: Alhama Iván , Martínez‐Moreno Encarnación , García‐Ros Gonzalo
Published: October 2022

The dimensional character of permeability in anisotropic porous media, that is, its dimension or dimensional equation, is an information that allows setting the dimensionless groups that govern the solution of the flow equation in terms of hydraulic potential patterns. However, employing the dimensional basis {L, M, T} (length, mass, time), the dimensionless groups containing the anisotropic permeability do not behave as independent monomials that rule the solutions. In this work, the contributions appearing in the literature on the dimensional character of permeability are discussed and a new approach based on discriminated and general dimensional analysis is presented. This approach leads to the emergence of a new and accurate dimensionless group, , a ratio of permeabilities corrected by the squared value of an aspect factor, being and two arbitrary lengths of the domain in the directions that are indicated in their subscripts. Specific values of this lengths, which we name ‘hidden characteristic lengths’, are also discussed in this article. To check the validity of this dimensionless group, numerical simulations of two illustrative 2‐D seepage scenarios have been solved.
Enhanced tribological performance of epoxy nanocomposites by the hybridization of 2D nano‐WS2 and graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Hui , Liu Kun , Dang Rui‐Qiong , Guan Ji‐Peng , Guo Shao‐Cong , Lan Ping , Wang Hong‐Quan , Shen Xiao‐Jun , Fu Shao‐Yun
Published: October 2022

Incorporation of 2D nanofillers can effectively improve tribological performance of epoxy resin (EP). In this work, two types of 2D nanosheets are incorporated to maximize the tribological performance of EP nanocomposites. On the one hand, nano tungsten disulfide (WS2) was coated on graphene oxide (GO) to form 2D WS2@GO nanosheets before they were incorporated into EP matrix. On the other hand, as a comparison, WS2‐GO hybrid was incorporated into EP matrix by directly mixing to obtain epoxy nanocomposites. Tribological performance of EP composites with 0.1–5 wt% 2D WS2@GO nanosheets and WS2‐GO hybrid are then systematically investigated. It is interestingly observed that the addition of WS2‐GO hybrid at 1 wt% decreases the friction coefficient by 5.4% and the specific wear rate by 67.7% of neat EP; comparatively, adding the 2D WS2@GO nanosheets at 1 wt% presents much higher improvements in reducing the friction coefficient by 24.1% and the specific wear rate by about 96.3% of EP. The formation of transfer film is shown to be responsible for enhancing tribological properties of EP by the hybridization of 2D nano‐WS2 and GO nanosheets. Consequently, it is clear that forming 2D WS2@GO nanosheets is dramatically superior to simply mixing nano WS2 and GO with EP in enhancing tribological performance.
Views of reproductive genetic carrier screening participants regarding screening for genes associated with non‐syndromic hearing loss
Authors: Freeman Lucinda , Delatycki Martin B. , Leach Scully Jackie , Kirk Edwin P.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS) panels often include genes associated with non‐syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) despite a lack of evidence of acceptability. Although some couples take steps to avoid having a child who is deaf, there are effective interventions for children who are deaf. There is no consensus whether deafness is considered a disabling condition.

Method

This study explored views of people who had RGCS, without genes for NSHL, about this topic. Online surveys were sent to 2186 people who had a low chance RGCS result and 655 completed the survey (participation rate 30%).

Results

Sixty‐three percent (N = 412) think deafness is a serious health condition. The majority agreed (60%, N = 391) that with support (i.e. hearing aids/cochlear implants) deafness is a minor condition in children. Most (84%, N = 545) agreed genes for NSHL should be included in RGCS. Thirty‐five percent (N = 231) indicated they would make different reproductive decisions if they had an increased chance of having a child born deaf; 31% would not change their reproductive plans and 34% were unsure what they would do.

Conclusion

While the majority support inclusion of genes associated with NSHL in RGCS, there was uncertainty about the severity of deafness as a health condition and there was no consensus on whether it is a health condition that warrants changing reproductive decisions.
Silica Nanoparticles Induced Embryonic Dysplasia and Apoptosis Via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Zebrafish(Danio Rerio)
Authors: He Mingyue , Yu Lidong , Li Xueting , Ma Shuang , Gu Ning , Jia Jianbo , Li Bingsheng , Li Li
Published: October 2022

The possible detrimental effects of nanomaterials on organisms have become a public concern because of the wide applications of nanomaterials in modern society. This study investigates the effects of silica nanoparticles (nano‐SiO2) on zebrafish development. Fluorescent nano‐SiO2 (FITC‐nano‐SiO2) is synthesized with an emission wavelength of 517 nm. Due to similar hydrodynamic size, FITC‐nano‐SiO2 is used to simulate the distribution of nano‐SiO2 in zebrafish. Nano‐SiO2 regulated col2a1a, col9a2, lect1, and her12 to delay liver development and regulated prox, wnt2bb, mypt1, and hhex caused spinal curvature. The hand2, mef2a, nkx2.5, and atp1a2a are significantly down‐regulated. The whole embryo in situ hybridization revealed amhc and flk1 are also down‐regulated. This suggests that nano‐SiO2 affected heart and blood vessels development of zebrafish. Furthermore, it is found that cell apoptosis occurred in the heart. The proapoptotic genes (bax, bid) are upregulated, and the antiapoptotic genes (bcl‐2, mcl‐1b) are down‐regulated. Nano‐SiO2 increases the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐related genes (chop, bip, perk, elF2α), indicating that the ER stress is involved in cell apoptosis. This study provides a toxicological basis for evaluating the possible hazards of nano‐SiO2 to aquatic organisms.
Software defined radio implementation of a secure waveform for real‐time data transmission using universal software radio peripheral
Authors: Benimam Houssem , Sadoudi Said , Teguig Djamal
Published: October 2022

In the present work, we propose a new approach to secure waveforms for data transmission in software defined radio (SDR) based communication systems. For more precision, SDR implementation and validation, using Universal software radio peripherals (USRPs) B210 platforms, of a chaos‐based cryptosystem is used for securing transmitted multimedia data such as text, image, and video. For this, new GNU‐radio companion (GRC) blocks are developed and integrated in the GRC software environment to use effectively our solution. In this context, we have integrated GRC block for the Lorenz chaotic generator which generates chaotic signals. These signals are then used to generate the encryption keys by inserting a dedicated GRC block. The latest and largest development GRC block concerns the proposed solution for the chaotic synchronization problem, which is a challenge when applying chaotic systems to secure data transmission. The implemented chaotic cryptosystem is based on one time pad cipher, knowing that it's the most suitable for chaos‐based cryptography. The obtained results of the security analysis of the proposed cryptosystem validate its robustness. In fact, the generated encryption keys deemed robust after passing through two statistical tests batteries namely, NIST and DIEHARD. In addition, a good result is obtained by a large security evaluation of the encrypted data through several metrics, which are compared to some previous works. Finally, we have experimentally validated a secure waveform between two USRPs platforms for different types of data information like text, image, and video. Furthermore, a graphical communication interface is designed to guarantee easy access and broad flexible applicability of the developed solution.
Autores Fuertes: Practices of a Community Translingual Repertoire
Authors: Abraham Stephanie
Published: October 2022

In this article, I share some of the findings from a community‐engaged research project based at Autores Fuertes, a community literacy center, located in urban Philadelphia. Using an engaged, ethnographic case study approach, I conducted observations and interviews at the center, as well as taught translanguaging writing workshops. The findings showed that community language and literacy practices are translingual and complex, invalidating the notion that linguistic and cultural mismatches between home and school exists. Given the complexity of community translingual repertories, it is important that pedagogical spaces build upon these repertoires, which will develop children's language and literacy practices.
Optimal TEC Forecast Models Based on Machine Learning and Time Series Analysis Techniques: A Preliminary Study on the Ring of Fire
Authors: Le Nhung , Männel Benjamin , Sakic Pierre , Nguyen Chinh Thai , Pham Hoa Thi , Schuh Harald
Published: October 2022

Geomagnetic storms are one of the major factors causing Total Electron Content (TEC) anomalies. Analyses of TEC fluctuations also provide a valuable understanding of the mechanisms of earthquakes and tsunamis. However, there is no clear consistency in investigations of TEC disturbances that should be considered simultaneously in both solar and seismic activities. Therefore, based on Machine Learning (ML) and time series analysis techniques, we build TEC forecast models to study relationships among ionospheric anomalies, geomagnetic storms, and earthquakes. Robust statistical tests are used to select the optimal models and estimate forecast performance. Depending on the quality of input data and sampling rates, the forecast performance can get from ~2.0 to ~2.5 TECU for 3-day predictions using daily time series and reach up to ~1.3 TECU using one-minute time series. These models present significant relationships between the ionosphere, solar activity, and seismic events, which can be applied to hazard warning systems.
Sensitivity of Shipborne GNSS Troposphere Retrieval to Processing Parameters
Authors: Panetier Aurélie , Bosser Pierre , Khenchaf Ali
Published: October 2022

Water vapor is a key variable in meteorology and climate studies. Since the late 90s, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) estimates from ground antennas are commonly used for its description. Indeed, propagation delays are due to the transit of the signal through the atmosphere. The correction of these delays is a crucial step that is needed for the precise GNSS positioning. Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) contents are derived from these delays and are used to describe the distribution of water vapour in the atmosphere.

However, severe meteorological phenomena often originate over the oceans and could strongly affect coastal regions. These phenomena are less well described or forecasted because of the small number of observations available in these regions. In this context, the potential of shipborne GNSS measurements has already been highlighted.

This work aims at investigating the impact of some GNSS processing parameters on IWV retrieval from a shipborne antenna in PPP mode. The studied parameters are cutoff angle, random walk of the estimated delays, and observation weighting. Data were collected for 2 months in 2018 by the GNSS antenna of a vessel operating in the Bay of Brest, France. The impact of the parameters is assessed by comparing the shipborne GNSS-derived IWV to the IWV estimated from a close GNSS ground station, and those computed by the ERA5 reanalysis and operational radiosonde profiles from the nearest Météo-France station. The most satisfying parameterization is shown to have Root Mean Squared (RMS) differences of 0.5 kg m−2, 0.9 kg m−2, and 1.2 kg m−2 compared to GNSS ground station, ERA5, and radiosonde respectively. These conclusive results are also confirmed by comparing the GNSS height estimates to the measurements from the Brest tide gauge, with an RMS difference of 4.9 cm.
Systematic parametrization of the leading B-meson light-cone distribution amplitude
Authors: Feldmann Thorsten , Lüghausen Philip , van Dyk Danny
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We propose a parametrization of the leading B-meson light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) in heavy-quark effective theory (HQET). In position space, it uses a conformal transformation that yields a systematic Taylor expansion and an integral bound, which enables control of the truncation error. Our parametrization further produces compact analytical expressions for a variety of derived quantities. At a given reference scale, our momentum-space parametrization corresponds to an expansion in associated Laguerre polynomials, which turn into confluent hypergeometric functions 1F1 under renormalization-group evolution at one-loop accuracy. Our approach thus allows a straightforward and transparent implementation of a variety of phenomenological constraints, regardless of their origin. Moreover, we can include theoretical information on the Taylor coefficients by using the local operator product expansion. We showcase the versatility of the parametrization in a series of phenomenological pseudo-fits.