bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMUS OKRUG – UGRA
Authors:   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Sisin Evgeny Igorevich ,   Center for hygiene and epidemiology in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Yugra, Ostapenko Nadezhda Alekseevna ,   Center for hygiene and epidemiology in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Yugra, Pakhotina Valentina Aleksandrovna ,   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Yezhova Olga Andreevna ,   Health Department of the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Ugra,   Nyagan city polyclinic
Published: February 2023

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in medical organizations of the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug-Ugra have undergone signifi cant changes in the structure and level of incidentality in the period 2020–2021, which was due to the pandemium of COVID-19. Despite the increase in the number of registered cases of HAIs in recent years, taking into account the main nosological forms remained without signifi cant changes. Over the years, problems with the quality of disinfection in medical organizations and the registration of the HAIs are necessary for the adjustment of preventive measures
PENGARUH TRANSFORMASI ETIKA BISNIS TERHADAP LAYANAN INDUSTRI PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Muhit Mugni
Published: February 2023

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasikan gagasan mengenai sistem pengawasan transformasi etika bisnis dalam industri perbankan syariah, tantangan transformasi etika bisnis Islam dalam industri perbankan syariah, serta tindakan penyelesaiannya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menetukan pengaruh transformasi etika bisnis terhadap layanan industri perbankan syariah masa kini. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuisioner, dan analisis data dengan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat problema yang mesti disikapi dengan pendekatan transendental pada transformasi prinsip dasar etika bisnis Islam yang diimplementasikan perbankan syariah guna meningkatnya pelayanan bisnis Islami. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut, maka perlu sinergitas stakeholder, baik eksternal maupun internal dalam mengatasi berbagai problem bisnis Islam pada industri perbankan syariah masa kini yang semakin elastis dan menembus ruang dan waktu. Hasil pengujian statistik diketahui etika bisnis mempunyai pengaruh sebesar 58,52% terhadap layanan industri perbankan syariah dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti, kemudian hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis diterima, karena terbukti kebenarannya, artinya etika bisnis memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap layanan industri perbankan syariah.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN BIAYA RENCANA PELAKSANAAN ANTARA UPAH HARIAN DAN BORONGAN TERHADAP RENCANA ANGGARAN BIAYA
Authors: Maskur Atep
Published: February 2023

Analisis Perbandingan Biaya Rencana Pelaksanaan Antara Upah Harian dan Borongan Terhadap Rencana Anggaran Biaya, bertujuan Mengetahui biaya terhemat dan efisien pekerjaan Pemeliharaan Rutin Irigasi antara Rencana Anggaran Pelaksana menggunakan metode Upah Borongan atau Rencana Anggaran Pelaksana menggunakan metode Upah Harian. Dan Mengetahui faktor apa saja dalam memilih aspek- aspek di dalam pekerjaan Pemeliharaan Rutin Irigasi untuk biaya yang lebih effisien. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan cara melakukan observasi secara langsung ke lapangan untuk mendapatkan data proyek dan dokumentasi pelaksanaan pekerjaan. Kemudian meminta data teknis dan RAB proyek kepada Dinas Instansi dan menganalisis perbandingan biaya Rencana Anggaran Pelaksanaan pekerjaan. Hasil analisis didapat Perhitungan Pekerjaan Pemeliharan Jaringan Irigasi DI. Bantarheulang Wilayah Rawa Onom Saluran Sekunder Pulo Majeti (BPM.23). Rencana Anggaran Pelaksanaan  Metode Upah Borongan, lebih ekonomis 15,17% atau sebesar  Rp. 16.119.000,- dibanding dengan Rencana Anggaran Pelaksanaan  Metode Upah Harian. Dan Penyelenggara kegiatan dalam hal ini Satker Operasi dan Pemeliharaan SDA Citanduy, lebih effisien 18% dari total Rencana Anggaran Biaya atau sebesar Rp. 20.290.000,- jika menggunakan Rencana Anggaran Pelaksanaan  Metode Upah Borongan. Faktor yang paling menentukan yaitu upah tenaga kerja sehingga bisa menghemat biaya yang sudah direncanakan
ANALISIS KESEIMBANGAN AIR DENGAN METODE KONVENSIONAL BAGI PENGEMBANGAN AIR UNTUK KEBUTUHAN HIDUP MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus di Desa Sukahurip Kecamatan Cisaga Kabupaten Csaga)
Authors: Hartati Gini , Defiana Yanti
Published: February 2023

Kebutuhan air baku untuk berbagai keperluan terutama air bersih untuk rumah tangga, tempat-tempat umum, industri, dan lain-lain akan terus meningkat dari waktu ke waktu sejalan dengan lajunya pembangunan di berbagai sektor dan bidang, serta jumlah penduduk yang terus bertambah. Di sisi lain jumlah penyediaan dan prasarana air baku yang ada saat ini masih relatif terbatas, sehigga belum dapat memenuhi semua kebutuhan tersebut terutama pada saat-saat musim kemarau. Ketersediaan  air baku, baik secara teoretis maupun secara empiris, terbukti mendorong terjadinya pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sementara itu, pemenuhan kebutuhan air baku ke depannya khususnya penduduk miskin, dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan penduduk yang berdampak pada perbaikan distribusi pendapatan. Jika ketersediaan air baku belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat maka akan menghambat  pertumbuhan  ekonomi sehingga mengurangi kesenjangan pendapatan dan kemiskinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini  untuk mengetahui kebutuhan air baku yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan maksimal masyarakat di Desa Sukahurip Kecamatan Cisaga serta mengetahui ketersediaan air baku untuk pengembangan ketersediaan air demi  pertumbuhan ekonomi, dengan menggunakan metode geometrik dan aritmetik. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa ketersediaan air baku sebesar 42.146 liter/hari, sedangkan kebutuhan air baku sebesar 116 liter/hari, sehingga terjadi kekurangan sebesar 73.845  liter/hari .
Experimental evidence of the production of inflected infinitives by Brazilian Portuguese speakers
Authors: Modesto Marcello , Soto Marije , Improta França Aniela
Published: February 2023

The Minimalist Program launched by N. Chomsky (1995) inspired reductionist accounts of Control phenomena, which tried to eliminate ‘PRO’ from the theory of grammar, treating it as a trace (copy) of movement (Martin 1996; O’Neil 1997; Hornstein 1999 et seq.). Such movement theories of Control are directly challenged by the use of inflected infinitives in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), as shown in Modesto (2010). Many supporters of the movement theory, however, have denied the empirical argument, making the claim that inflected infinitives “are not natural in BP” (Rodrigues & Hornstein 2013: 307), not belonging to BP’s “core grammar”. This study, then, presents two experiments in which production of nonfinite inflection is implicitly elicited in a pseudoword oral completion task. Participants from different linguistic geographic varieties (the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) heard the pseudoverb in its gerundive form and were then prompted to insert the pseudoverb in a sentence frame that would be compatible with both uninflected and inflected infinitive forms. Our results show 73.3% of participants inflected the infinitive to some degree when indirectly primed to do so, and that 40.9% did so, even when not primed. Results also show that while linearly distant plural markings (on the subject) did not influence behavior, adjacent morphosyntactic plural markings (on secondary predicates, for instance) did slightly increase the probability of inflection. Both priming effects and sensitivity to morphosyntactic context seem to indicate that nonfinite inflection is a productive, albeit variable, feature of BP speakers’ I-grammar.
Metabolic effects of monounsaturated fatty acid−enriched diets on glycaemic control in patient with type 2 diabetes: an evidence-based case report
Authors: Sutanto Krisadelfa , Sunardi Diana , Felicia Arieska
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is the most common type of diabetes. There is an ongoing debate as to whether nutrient quality or quantity is mainly responsible for the effects on hyperglycaemic control of patients with T2D. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) has a metabolic effect in reducing the risk factor for metabolic syndrome to prevent and control hyperglycaemia in patients with T2D and is recommended by professional organizations.

Methods: Literature searching was conducted by advanced searching in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ProQuest database using MeSH Terms combined with Title/Abstract. After removing duplicates, the literature were screened based on the eligibility criteria. Critical appraisal and level of evidence of the selected literature were determined based on Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.

Results: Two selected literature were relevant to answer our clinical question, both literature are systematic review/meta-analysis studies. The first literature is a study by Fumiaki et al. (2016), while the second is by Frank Qian et al. (2016). All literature provided evidence that a diet high in MUFA could improve glucose-insulin homeostasis among patients with T2D. These effects were marked by lower fasting blood glucose and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and insulin level in the enriched MUFA diet group compared to PUFA.

Conclusion: Nutrient quality is mainly responsible for the effects on glycaemic control profile in patients with T2D, with a high MUFA diet consistent with favourable effects to improve fasting glucose and HbA1c.
Zinc as an inhibitor of NMDA receptor can exhibit antidepressant effect
Authors: Tanjung Novi Dewi , Mudjihartini Ninik
Published: February 2023

Background : New antidepressant strategies are needed, due to unsatisfactory clinical efficacy and many side effects of commonly used drugs. Recent studies linking the pathophysiology of depression with glutamatergic imbalance. There is hyperactivity of the main excitatory system (glutamatergic) to its inhibition (GABAergic). N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as a part of glutamatergic synapses are potential targets for intervention. Antagonist administration for glutamatergic systems, such as zinc, can exhibit antidepressant effects.

Objective : To observe the effect of zinc administration on NMDA receptors in depressed subjects

Methods : In this paper, we provide a literature review. The method to achieve the objective consists of using literature exploration, which was conducted from February to June 2022 by searching the relevant studies from several databases.

Results : Study trials both in human and animal subjects reveal that depression is associated with a lower concentration of zinc. Comparison between the lowest zinc intake with the highest zinc intake had significantly lower incidence of developing depression. Dietary zinc deficiency induces depression along with upregulation of the NMDA receptor complexes. Zinc’s antidepressant effects might be mediated through its action reducing NMDA channel-opening frequency.

Conclusions : The presence of zinc may downregulate the glutamate response in binding to NMDA receptors. Because of numerous studies about the connection between zinc and depression, it seems that zinc may have the potency to develop new antidepressants. Since the capability of zinc administration to reduce depressive symptoms, it is expected leading to increased medication adherence, lower costs and better outcomes.
Fostering and Sustaining Employees’ Happiness in the Oil, Gas, and Energy Industry: the Role of Organizational Chief Happiness Officer in Implementing Happiness Initiatives and Programs
Authors: Alzain Hassan , AlGhazal Rym , Abu Qurain Ali , Karkadan Mona
Published: February 2023

The well-being of employees is catching momentum among various demanding industries across the world, underlying the importance of introducing and maintaining effective happiness initiatives to foster successful employees ’engagement with their line management to work better together and build loyalty to the workplace. This paper, therefore, aims to detail the strategic benefits of happiness initiatives along with the expected business benefits on long-term basis.

A happy employee is defined as a productive and loyal employee. When an employee is happy, they tend to display greater engagement with their job. Similarly, studies have shown that when an individual feels "heard" and that their voice matters, their levels of morale are higher. Moreover, when equipped with the right tools to cope with a stressful environment, a worker's level of productivity and the quality of their work improves. The data collected at the end of each initiative is an important reference and resource for companies with a high number of employees across various specialties. This paper will provide the background of the importance of happiness initiatives, as well as making the first steps towards cultivating a culture of happiness in the more traditional industries, especially including the oil, gas and energy industry.

The concept of a happiness initiative, especially in relation to international best practices, is currently not widely applied in traditional industries with evidence on the lack of a true sense of happy and productive engagement across different employees ’levels and contractors. Elevating happiness across organizations is, therefore, essential, as indicated by the fact that good mental health and well-being are core needs for any business to succeed in the post-COVID-19 era. Happiness at work is a relative, attainable concept that can be fostered and sustained in a more professional context, where organizations can play a vital and critical role in the research, establishment, and advancement of workplace happiness policies and frameworks on strategic basis that will positively result in tangible and non-tangible business benefits. This paper will outline mechanisms, best practices and the role of "Chief Happiness Officers" in leading tailor-made happiness initiatives to address organizational-specific needs and emerging issues.
Export Pipeline Material Selection for Extreme Sour Service Application
Authors: Sirilatthaporn Penporn , Komesvarakul Suchat , Kumseranee Sith , Trithipchatsakul Chao , Punpruk Suchada
Published: February 2023

With recent sour gas field discoveries, material selection for export pipeline carrying the sour gas and liquid is one of the key challenges in commercializing the fields especially for the large diameter and long tie-back export pipeline, and it is the focus of this paper. Both CRA clad and Carbon Steel (CS) pipes have been used for sour service pipelines with different benefit and drawback. The study was performed to investigate both technical and commercial feasibility of the two material options. Facility concept has been differentiated between options as CRA clad pipe do not require gas and liquid dehydration and treatment. The conceptual study cover design, fabrication, installation, operation, RAM and risk assessment aspects to identify the key strength and challenges including cost estimation for life cycle cost evaluation. Material selection review including project benchmarking for TMCP CS for sour service has been performed. CRA clad option provides the lowest corrosion and cracking risk leading to minimum requirement for offshore processing facility. However, additional or larger facilities are needed at onshore gas plant such as Slug Catcher and PW treatment. Two main concerns for CRA clad pipe are the buckling due to exporting > 150 deg C fluids and the supply of CRA clad pipes for such a large quantity. TMCP CS option is more conventional for export pipeline with the main concern on the susceptibility for Sulfide Stress Cracking for sour service especially after the Kashagan incident. The study investigates the recent development of LHZ mitigation actions in manufacturing process, new pre-qualification recently published for extreme sour service and project benchmarking for similar H2S concentration. It has been concluded TMCP CS, with qualified manufacturer, is suitable for the extreme sour service application. Life cycle cost estimation indicate CRA clad option is significantly more expensive than CS option with the risk on the supply of cladded pipe. Cracking risk on TMCP CS for extreme sour service is high but manageable with the proven project record and therefore CS option is opted as development concept with the lower development cost than that for CRA clad.
2022 FSO2 Riser Hoses Replacement Project (Bongkot Asset)
Authors: Sayatanan Navakorn , Petchpong Sataporn , Kittithornkul Thamonwan , Charoenphol Juthaporn , Whungkhunnatham Apichart , Thuengsripan Santi , Ploiriang Somchai , Insuk Phitsanusak , Laopornpichayanuwat Nopharut , Sangwattanachai Manisa , Toungsetwut Mahapon , Srijunngam Danai , Aimcharoenchaiyakul Manit , Somroop Ekkalak
Published: February 2023

Two Riser hoses attached with FSO2 (Floating, Storage & Offloading) has estimated service life (9.3 years). The next replacement is required before July 2022. Thus, in June 2022 Project team had planned to disconnect and reinstall two newly riser hoses with approach to comingle production stream enable to continue production without any shutdown.

The overall execution plan has learnt best practices from previous operation since 2013. For 15 days offshore execution, collaboration between Project team, Operation & Maintenance, Marine team and specialized contractor is essential. The offshore execution began with preparation steps which include tank offloading, heading control system, pre-installation visual survey, before comingling to operate one riser hose and flushing another. Then, the 5 days operation per hose to disconnect, replace the newly hose. After leak test and hydrotesting all connections was performed, Production team will switch the production via this new hose and repeat similar replacement steps with another hose.

On technical aspects, the riser hose replacement may consider not a complicated task. Although advance preparation prior commencing offshore installation in conjunction with experiences contractor are critical and important. Collaboration with various stakeholders requires full attention to address those concerned areas with mitigation and measures especially on HSE aspects resulted from risk assessment and several workshops.

Strategic approach to perform the riser hoses replacement without interrupting the production is a challenge. Applying comingle strategy requires effort to breakdown related activities and sequential analysis to ensure all the execution will be smooth without jeopardizing the HSE issues. Also, during the contractor selection stage Project team had selected national qualified contractor. It turns out that national contractor also has similar capability to manage and deliver this scale of project with very acceptable quality but competitive price.

Even this is not PTTEP first riser hoses replacement project though the Project team would like to remark great achievement which could only arise from effective teamwork, good collaboration among all relevant stakeholders and benchmarked best practices from our expertise and learned from previous experiences. In addition, it is worth to mention that the offshore execution was performed safely without interrupting the environment and the ongoing production.
Algorithm for Real-Time Field-Data-Driven Automation for Intelligent ESP-Lifted Multilateral Wells
Authors: Sadowska Anna , Meredith Andrew , Goh Kim Fah Gordon , Yassir Ehab , Gambaretto Agustin , Divakaran Dileep , Almana Abdullah
Published: February 2023

Multilateral wells with electric submersible pumps and intelligent completions are notoriously difficult to operate and require long testing and frequent retests due to production condition changes and significant transients resulting from the horizontal undulating drains. For human operators, this task is very time-consuming and extremely challenging given the multidimensional and multi timescale system characteristics. However, the process can be automated via optimisation and control, with the proposed algorithm responding to observed production and system changes throughout the well’s life. To that end, a reduced-order well model is derived and validated with real-well-matched synthetic model data, and subsequently an automation algorithm is developed. This innovative and integrated approach to real-time lift and inflow automated control offers the prospect of boosting operators’ production value and investment returns. The algorithm utilises existing or new intelligent completion hardware and instrumentation and the wellsite-deployable smart algorithm, capable of adjusting to varying well conditions and optimally managing the production throughout the well’s life. To achieve that, the algorithm allocates flow-rate and water cut contributions from each lateral or zone and as such recalibrates the well model on the fly using the real-time field data. We present simulation results using a field-data-matched synthetic model and are working with an operator to implement the technology in the field. All in all, such a data-driven automation to autopilot intelligent production is now within sight and could in the future scale towards multiwell/fieldwide solution.
Advanced Multiple Attenuation and Model Building Techniques Provide New Insights Into the Jurassic Play of Timor sea, Offshore Australia
Authors: Pitibhabhong Tanporn , Chakraborty Rupam , Ng Seng Hor , Lim Chee Kiong , Paton Ian , Phantawee Namfon
Published: February 2023

The Sandalford area, located in Australia’s northwestern continental margin, is proximal to the Cash-Maple and Tenacious field discoveries. The area has Eocene-Paleocene Carbonates overlying siliciclastic Cretaceous section, resulting in a strong velocity inversion as well as generating complex free-surface and internal-multiple contaminations at the deeper Jurassic reservoir section. We present a reprocessing case study of a narrow-azimuth, towed-streamer seismic dataset acquired in shallow water using advanced multiple attenuation and earth model building techniques, with the main goal of improving our understanding of the complex geology beneath. The multiple attenuation part of the workflow employs a cascaded approach, initially addressing water-layer multiples, remaining free-surface multiples, and followed with internal multiples. Implementation of high-frequency visco-acoustic full-waveform inversion (Q-FWI) improved the overburden velocity model and combined with effective multiple attenuation algorithms, reduced the uncertainty of primary events in the pre-carbonate section, therefore reducing errors in common image point (CIP) tomography. The results were quality-controlled against the well data, providing new insights with improved structural and stratigraphic delineation.
Experimental Investigation of Cement Compatibility in Underground Hydrogen Storage in Depleted Reservoir
Authors: Cracolici Federico , Iorio Vanessa Silvia , Parrozza Fabio , Sabatino Luigina Maria Flora , Previde Massara Elisabetta , Consonni Alberto , Viareggio Alberto , Altimare Cristiano William , Gori Samuele , Colombo Luigi , Racca Stefano , Poloni Roberto
Published: February 2023

Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) is a method to store a large amount of energy to manage its seasonal fluctuations. The selection of proper well materials is a critical aspect, considering the small size of the molecule of H2 and its strong diffusivity. Its impact on materials shall be deeply evaluated and investigated.

The work described in this document analyzes the interaction of standard cement slurries used in oil and gas fields with hydrogen at standard reservoir conditions.

The cement-hydrogen interaction tests were designed and conducted using the methodological approach typical of the materials/fluids compatibility tests; an autoclave was used as key instrumentation to simulate reservoir temperature and pressure conditions.

The samples were left inside the autoclave in contact with hydrogen, at reservoir temperature and pressure condition (90 °C and 150 bar), for 8 weeks. In parallel to the aging in hydrogen, twin samples were aged in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen) for comparison.

The effects of the long exposure of the cement to H2 have been analyzed by observing the changes in the chemical-physical properties of the cement itself.

To give evidence of the goodness of the cement as a well sealant material in the UHS, compressive strength, saturation and permeability, chemistry of the cement were measured/analyzed pre- and post-hydrogen exposure.

In addition to the tests, a theoretical analysis performed using thermodynamic modeling software was also conducted to validate test results. The thermodynamic analysis was focused on the specific interaction of the species, hydrate and not-, constituting the cement and the hydrogen, investigating the spontaneity of the redox reactions that could take place.

Preliminary autoclave experimentation results show that hydrogen does not alter overly chemical and physical characteristics of cement samples.

This compatibility study of Hydrogen with cement is the first important step to further de-risk any UHS activity.

The engineered and adopted testing protocol reported in this paper proved to be effective for the purpose of the study and could be applied for the validation of specific cement slurries in the UHS contexts.
Think Out of the Box – GHG Emission Reduction by Changing the Way We Had Operated Before
Authors: Rungruang Jakree , Swasdiphanich Kolawat , Atibodhi Nopparat , Juengsiripitak Jirat
Published: February 2023

To support the Company direction of GHG emission reduction in PTTEP operation, GBS, APEX and OMI have initiated fuel optimization to minimize fuel gas consumption. Over 80% of total fuel gas consumption is fed to Turbo Compressor to convert mechanical power to gas energy by compression system. To improve overall efficiency of fuel consumption, the whole gas compression process has been reviewed and analyzed.

From preliminary review, there is a room to improve efficiency in part of gas cooling gas treatment process equipped with JT valve (Joule-Thomson, pressure reducing valve) that requires inlet pressure about 63-65 barg and outlet pressure of 55 barg to have cooling effect that decreases gas temperature from 45°C to 25°C. This cooling method takes huge energy from gas compressed in previous system. To improve overall process efficiency, the whole gas compression and cooling system was reviewed thoroughly. Consequently, it was found that the cooling margin of upstream equipment can compensate some cooling effect of JT valve leading to energy optimization of gas compression system without any additional modification and investment.

After process tuning with the margin of Booster Compressor Discharge Cooler and Wet Gas / Gas Liquid Heat Exchanger upstream of JT valve, the required inlet pressure of JT valve can be reduced that leads to Booster Compressor discharge pressure declined from 64 barg to 61 barg while JT valve outlet temperature is still maintained at of 25°C as design condition without changing any other related operating condition of the systems before process tuning. The lower pressure of compressor discharge, the lesser fuel gas consumption is expected for energy transformation of compression system.
Jasmine Field, Gulf of Thailand, Fill and Spill History Across Faults: A Fault-Seal Calibration
Authors: Davies Russell , Wilson Paul , Povey Danny , Prasongtham Pattarapong , Shibano Siriporn , Ampaiwan Tianpan , Saifuddin Farid
Published: February 2023

Compartmentalization of reservoirs in operating fields is commonly caused by sealing of faults (Cerveny et al., 2004; Davies and Handschy, 2003;Davies et al., 2019; Knipe, 1992; Yielding et al., 1997; Yielding et al., 2010). Calibrating this seal, however, is difficult without adequate subsurface data. A local region across the central part of the Jasmine Field, Jasmine A, along the northern extent of the Pattani basin in the Gulf of Thailand, was selected in this study for detailed fault-seal analysis calibration. The objective was to present the details of the fill and spill history from a juxtaposition analysis across the faults. The large number of well penetrations with fluid and lithofacies data and the 3D models of mapped permeability distribution provided a subsurface framework to reduce the uncertainty and allow a more comprehensive analysis of the crossfault reservoir juxtaposition and fluid contact levels. Crossfault flow behavior and fill and spill history were evaluated by examining fluid contacts in a strike view of the fault, with the properties juxtaposed.

The Jasmine Field is a narrow structural high that is cut by many NE-SW and NNW-NNE trending faults forming fault-bounded compartments. Reservoirs in the field are typically thin, stacked high-permeability fluvial sandstones of primarily Miocene age separated by thin shale beds that occur over a depth range of several thousand meters. Many of the sands have unique hydrocarbon-water contacts of oil or gas and water. Reservoir juxtaposition across the faults suggests that fault seal plays a major role in the trap. By comparing fluid contacts in each fault block, cases with different contacts across the fault likely represent a fault membrane seal. Contacts occurring at the same height suggest crossfault leakage.

The evaluation was done by estimating permeability distributions across the fault. These results, however, were not adequately determined simply from the fluid contacts on either side of the fault: fill histories in adjacent fault blocks and lateral structural controls also had to be accounted for. The results together allowed a unique fill and spill history to be defined. The results of the juxtaposition analysis for the main faults bounding the local structural trap in Jasmine A provided a calibration for a 3D analysis of the faults, including estimation of fault-rock properties.
Post-Salt Structural Domains in Lower Congo Basin, Offhsore West Africa
Authors: Upadhyay Abdhes Kumar , Jaiswal Jyoti Shah , Osman Syamir B
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study is to understand the configuration of different deformation styles in post-salt sedimentary succession of Lower Congo Basin. Emphasis is placed on structural characteristics with respect to the thickness of salt and the geometry of the base of salt detachment.

Owing to its weak visco-plastic properties, salt is very effective at decoupling deformation in pre- and post-salt sequences. Gravity and density driven deformation in the post-salt sediments is predominately controlled by salt thickness and changes in dip at the base of salt. Variations in these elements change across the basin which control the nature and timing of trap development. Using regional 2D and 3D seismic depth cubes, interpretation focused on the Aptian Salt and post-salt Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary succession. Here we map and identify various deformation styles in salt tectonics across the basin within which we observe consistent trap geometries which are containing hydrocarbons and resulting one of the prolific basins in the world for oil production.

The post-salt sediments, present a classic example of gravity driven deformation associated with salt tectonics at a passive margin. Gravity driven structuration of (i) Extension, (ii) Translation and (iii) Compression can be observed along regional dip-sections. Through detailed mapping, various sub-domains provide an insight into the regional structural trends and tectonic evolution in the post-salt succession. Overall, ten structural domains have been identified from Shelf to distal basin along the regional dip section.

Well defined structural domains can play a major role in classifying the trapping styles for hydrocarbon accumulations in post-salt successions. Identification of these domains provides a framework to de-risk different trap styles or highlights those traps which carry a higher trap risk. Timing of trap formation due to salt movement also plays a major role to further de-risk these traps. The main source rock for Post-salt section is located in Senonian interval, the charge modelling suggests the peak expulsion of hydrocarbon in Early Miocene time, therefore those traps formed in Oligocene to Early Miocene intervals have higher chance of trapping hydrocarbons, however traps formed from Mid – Miocene to younger levels have higher risk of trapping smaller or no hydrocarbons due to lack of charge availability.
Influence of Inorganic Solid Particles in the Formation and Stability of Crude Oil Emulsion
Authors: Hattori Tokima , Hao Xingjuan , Shimokawara Mai , Kato Yoshitake , Kitamura Ryuta , Elakneswaran Yogarajah
Published: February 2023

Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion could be formed during the transportation, refining, and storage of crude oils. In the stockpiling tanks, the emulsion and sludge formation were observed by storing of crude oils for a long period of time and cleaning of tanks. It has been reported that the presence of solids affects the emulsion types as well as the stability of emulsions produced. In addition, the surface properties of inorganic particles could influence the crude oil/water interface and thus affect the crude oil-water emulsion stability. Therefore, in this study, the presence of inorganic solid particles on the formation and stability of emulsion was quantitatively evaluated. A crude oil and synthetic brine were used for emulsion evaluation. In addition, calcite and kaolinite were selected as inorganic solid particles. Emulsions were prepared by mixing crude oil and synthetic brine at a ratio in volume of 1:9. The prepared emulsion was allowed to rest for 24 h and then centrifuged to separate crude oil and water. The volume and pH of resolved water were measured to assess emulsion stability in the presence of inorganic solids. It is found that the addition of inorganic solid particles increased the volume of resolved water and destabilize the emulsion compared to that of without inorganic solid particles. The concentration of solids influences the formation of stable emulsion: high concentration decreases the stable emulsion formation. The dissolution of inorganic solids increases the pH of the water and promotes the demulsification due to high surface potential of crude oil. Moreover, the solid particles enhance the formation of oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsion and thus generates unstable emulsion. Increase of temperature and addition of inorganic solids decrease the emulsion height, which was predicted by emulsion layer growth model where coagulation rate constant was a tuning parameter. High value of the coagulation rate constant implies strong coagulation between water droplets and facilitate emulsion instability.
Constructed Wetland as an Alternative to Conventional Industrial Wastewater Treatment to Promote Carbon Sequestration for Sustainable Future
Authors: Tan Sew Keng , M Shah M Faris , Sufian Suriati , Chai Pui Vun
Published: February 2023

Constructed wetlands (CW) are man-made systems that mimic the natural wetlands. They can be used for various purposes, including wastewater treatment, stormwater management, and carbon sequestration. Wetlands naturally absorb and store carbon from the atmosphere, and CW can replicate this process by using plants and microorganisms to remove and store carbon from the water. Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) use more energy and contribute to carbon emissions, so many industries are looking for ways to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While CW have been widely used for municipal and sewage treatment, their use as an alternative or supplement to industrial wastewater treatment, particularly in the oil and gas and petrochemical industries, is limited. However, CW have the potential to promote carbon sequestration and have a lower cost of capital and operating expenses compared to conventional WWTP, while also emitting lower GHG emissions. A case study is presented for two types of system in which one is actual operating conventional WWTP in Malaysia design and operate at 60m3/d and a hybrid CW of equivalent treatment capability and capacity. The case study found that GHG emissions from a conventional WWTP were approximately 3.75 times higher than the hybrid CW system with the same treatment capacity. For a small capacity WWTP at 60m3 per day, converting the treatment system from conventional WWTP to CW will reduce approximately 45.7t CO2 eq per year based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculation. The conventional WWTP consumed much higher power especially from the air blower compared to CW where limited number of equipment is required. The additional carbon sink for CW from carbon sequestration from plant, soil decomposition and sediment has not been quantified in the LCA calculation. Hence, it is expected the actual CO2 eq emission for CW is much lesser than the conventional WWTP. With all the benefit identified and the proven success case in several places, the adoption of CW as an industrial WWTP should be widely promoted as the replacement of conventional WWTP for sustainable future.
Drilling Weak Formations in Rumaila Field in Southern Iraq — Modelling Shear Failure Using Numerical Models
Authors: Al-Asadi Yousif M. B. , Nasreldin Gaisoni , Al-Shahwan Muwafaq F. J.
Published: February 2023

The giant Rumaila oilfield in south Iraq has been plagued by a number of wellbore instabilities. The shaley formations in this field pose the greatest challenges to drilling operations, accounting for approximately 90% of the problems. Stuck pipe, tight hole, and borehole collapse are examples of the incidents commonly encountered even while drilling vertical and deviated wells.

This paper presents a well planning tool for translating the geomechanics simulation results to operational parameters, and in so doing, informing well trajectory planning and optimization. Specifically, the main objective was to generate shear failure mud weight cubes for different trajectories, The scenarios considered focused on examining the impact of depletion on field performance, drilling and well completion integrity for making life-of-reservoir decisions. The mechanical properties were first estimated along the trajectories of multiple 1D mechanical earth models (1D-MEMs) byutilizing available rock mechanics testing results, followed by geostatical populationin 3D space. The final 3D-MEM was calibrated against field observations.
Qualification Tests of OCTG Premium Connection under Cryogenic conditions for CCS projects
Authors: Nutricato Giacomo , Repetto Carmen , Brambilla Ruggero , Dal Forno Luca , Santoro Domenico , Nunzi Paolo , Martini Luca , Eaton Roger , Piccolo Aureliano , Zambetti Raffaello , Cordero Jorge , Goya Martin J. , Santi Nestor J. , Gibellini Erica
Published: February 2023

In a global context aiming to unlock a low carbon future by industry decarbonization, developing the infrastructure for capturing and storing CO2 emissions is a key target of countries, energy companies and regulatory bodies. Injection for geological storage in suitable reservoirs is an advantageous option which presents challenges related to the completion accessories and string exposed to the injected fluid and the thermodynamical loads during injection and the well life.

The purpose of this work is to simulate by numerical analysis and full-scale test, the behavior of a gas-tight Metal-to-Metal OCTG premium dope-free connection when subjected to low temperatures and loads generated by the effect of a sudden CO2 high pressure drop during injection in depleted reservoirs. Extreme temperature drop down caused by the Joule-Thompson (J-T) effect between injection conditions (P-T) inside the tubular and those in the annulus, may expose tubing connections to a thermal shock reaching a temperature near the theoretical figure of -78.5°C. This temperature drop assumed as worst-case scenario is also explored. The analysis is performed considering estimated loads for a CO2 injection case study.

The numerical analysis and full-scale test performed confirm the structural and sealability performance of the connection is not affected by the exposure to such low temperatures. Additionally, transient thermal loads, with a drop of approximately 100°C, appears to be not critical for the metal-to-metal dope-free seal integrity and also not affecting the structural integrity of the connection. The challenges setting up of a prototype testing frame, simulating the cooling by thermal shock, lead to a methodology for assessing CCS projects premium connection able to define a robust testing protocol for cryogenic temperatures. The numerical and full-scale results collected on the tested connection size, together with the ones previously tested, allow extrapolation to near sizes of the same premium thread family.

The results achieved by testing a premium connection which has been subjected to a thermal shock approaching -78.5°C represent a forefront in the industry, demonstrating the reliability of the product not only in operative conditions during CO2 injection, but also after an extreme event, assessing performance for the CCUS storage projects.
Revitalizing Vintage 3D Land Seismic Dataset Using Advanced Signal Processing and Imaging Techniques: A Success Story from Onshore Central Thailand
Authors: Wanpiyarat Napat , Chakraborty Rupam , Ng Seng Hor , Phantawee Namfon
Published: February 2023

We present a case study on the application of modern signal processing and depth-imaging techniques to vintage land seismic data from the Phitsanulok Basin, onshore central Thailand, in which four overlapping 3D surveys were pre-migration merged and imaged to form a single volume. The legacy data processing was limited to the application of dip-filter-based noise attenuation, pre-stack time imaging and post-stack survey merging, which leads to unresolved geophysical challenges associated with each process. In this study, a cascaded application of surface-wave and coherent noise attenuation was followed by a surface-consistent deconvolution that is suitable for stabilizing the amplitude and phase response of the embedded wavelet. Then, we applied a 5D matching-pursuit Fourier interpolation technique for interpolation and regularization in the offset-vector tile domain of the sparsely and irregularly sampled data. Finally, anisotropic depth imaging was implemented to reduce structural uncertainty. Our results show that the modern processing workflow further enhances continuity and accuracy of structural images, overcoming the limitations imposed by the vintage acquisition parameters. As a result, these improvements will reduce the risks associated with future development plans.
Business Intelligence Platform Applied to the Interdisciplinary Management of Subsurface Data Integration
Authors: Sanasi Carla , Amicosante Marco , Mezzapesa Domenico , Marfella Ferdinando , Pagani Riccardo , Gentile Erika , Bucci Alessandro , Crottini Ada
Published: February 2023

Over the last 3 years, Eni has developed an integrated platform to gather subsurface data and make them available to the final users across the company. The Platform is structured in four data domains including the well data, which is the focus of this abstract. In the data model, the well master and architectural data assume paramount importance since they are upstream of the value chain and represent the aggregator of all the data recorded in the well. A large amount of data coming from all Eni Affiliates and operative sites is produced daily. To gather, perform Quality Controls and ingest them, Eni has implemented a governed workflow to ensure data is made available to the final users through the platform in an efficient and transparent way.

The workflow aims to ingest the well master and well geometrical data directly from the well site defining roles all along the data transmission chain, with the ultimate objective to ensure the proper data quality once they reach the cross-functional subsurface data platform. It is no less important the timely availability of such data to guarantee a prompt association with geological and drilling log data. Given the increased amount of data acquired from disparate data sources, different functions and locations, Business Intelligence tools have been designed to monitor the workflow combining data for an easier data insight. To manage such complex network, dedicated dashboards allow all the users involved to visualize the status of the processes through specific KPIs, thus optimizing communication and reducing the human effort required.

The capability to manage, validate and quickly interpret data will determine the competitive advantage among Energy Companies in the next future. Eni targets to excel in the everchanging business environment leveraging the new century asset: the data.

The presented approach, combined with the diffused data culture initiatives, promotes a collaborative environment, and increase awareness on data importance across the value chain.
An Automated Workflow of Simplified Representative Elementary Volume (SREV) Approach to Sand Prediction and Control Monitoring (SPCM) Using Web-Based Interfaces to Reference with Operation Efficiency Improvement in Zawtika Field, Myanmar
Authors: Dhadachaipathomphong Supha-Kitti , Sooksawat Prapong , Toprasert Pooritat , Peerakham Chatchanakorn , Lertrojanachusit Nattapong , Nazir Fahd , Wang Fengjuan , Pattinama Melani , Dai Jiajun , Lihawa Mohammad Taufiq , Chaiyasart Chaiyaphruk
Published: February 2023

The oil and gas industry has been plagued by formation sand production for decades because of negative impacts on wellbore stability and equipment, despite the fact that it has been demonstrated to be a highly effective technique to increase well productivity (Wang, J. et al., 2004). The consequent sanding problem of sand production has been conducted, wearing down production equipment and necessitating environmentally acceptable disposal criteria. The sand production from unconsolidated sand formations in shallow depth have been reported 10% to 40% sand cuts with 5% in heavy oil reservoir (Tremblay, et al., 1999) and averaged 40% in light oil reservoir (Papamichos, et al., 2001). The objective is to increase operation efficiency of sand monitoring and control by using a sand prediction model to estimate sand production per well based on current operating conditions, as well as to calculate sand operating envelope for each well to guide the production planning and management. Vardoulakis I. and et al (1996) were the first proposed the hydro-erosion model based on rigid porous media in 1996. The erosion models were extended to include the effect of the deformation of porous media in a consistent manner (Wan and Wang, 2002) and include a fully coupled reservoir-geomechanics model as representative elementary volume (REV) to account for the effects of multiphase flow and geomechanics in a consistent manner (Wang et al., 2004). Methodology was starting from data collection, conducted Simplified Representative Elementary Volume (SREV), Integrated Asset model of well, model calibration, monitoring, integration of well, facility for prediction of sand accumulation and wall thickness condition. In addition, a data driven was imbedded to integration as well as workflow automation and user surveillance dashboard in web-based interfaces. The calibration process has been proved the models results with greater than 90% accuracy of sand production. It was found that SREV and IAM approach to sand prediction and control monitoring (SPCM) successful gave an improvement in operations efficiency by reducing time spent on manual analysis and decision-making process through dashboards with predictive results.