bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing scalability and accuracy of quantum poisson solver
Authors: Saha Kamal K. , Robson Walter , Howington Connor , Suh In-Saeng , Wang Zhimin , Nabrzyski Jaroslaw
Published: May 2024

The Poisson equation has many applications across the broad areas of science and engineering. Most quantum algorithms for the Poisson solver presented so far either suffer from lack of accuracy and/or are limited to very small sizes of the problem and thus have no practical usage. In this regard, our previous work (Robson in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE), 2022) showed a proof-of-concept demonstration in advancing quantum Poisson solver algorithm and validated preliminary results for a simple case of $$3\times 3$$

3
×
3

problem. In this work, we delve into comprehensive research details, presenting the results on up to $$15\times 15$$

15
×
15

problems that include step-by-step improvements in Poisson equation solutions, scaling performance, and experimental exploration. In particular, we demonstrate the implementation of eigenvalue amplification by a factor of up to $$2^8$$

2
8

, achieving a significant improvement in the accuracy of our quantum Poisson solver and comparing that to the exact solution. Additionally, we present success probability results, highlighting the reliability of our quantum Poisson solver. Moreover, we explore the scaling performance of our algorithm against the circuit depth and width, demonstrating how our approach scales with larger problem sizes and thus further solidifies the practicality of easy adaptation of this algorithm in real-world applications. We also discuss a multilevel strategy for how this algorithm might be further improved to explore much larger problems with greater performance. Finally, through our experiments on the IBM quantum hardware, we conclude that though overall results on the existing NISQ hardware are dominated by the error in the CNOT gates, this work opens a path to realizing a multidimensional Poisson solver on near-term quantum hardware.
Morbidities and mortality among hospitalized patients with hypopituitarism: Prevalence, causes and management
Authors: Ebrahimi Fahim , Andereggen Lukas , Christ Emanuel R.
Published: May 2024

Hypopituitarism is a highly heterogeneous multisystem disorder that can have a major impact on long-term morbidity and mortality, but even more so during acute medical conditions requiring hospitalization. Recent studies suggest a significant in-hospital burden with prolonged length of stay, increased rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and initiation of mechanical ventilation − all of which may lead to an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. On the one hand, patients with hypopituitarism are often burdened by metabolic complications, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, which alone, or in combination, are known to significantly alter relevant physiological mechanisms, including metabolism, innate and adaptive immune responses, coagulation, and wound healing, thereby contributing to adverse in-hospital outcomes. On the other hand, depending on the extent and the number of pituitary hormone deficiencies, early recognition of hormone deficiencies and appropriate management and replacement strategy within a well-organized multidisciplinary team are even stronger determinants of short-term outcomes during acute hospitalization in this vulnerable patient population. This review aims to provide an up-to-date summary of recent advances in pathophysiologic understanding, clinical implications, and recommendations for optimized multidisciplinary management of hospitalized patients with hypopituitarism.
Using hyperspectral signatures for predicting foliar nitrogen and calcium content of tissue cultured little-leaf mockorange (Philadelphus microphyllus A. Gray) shoots
Authors: Khajehyar Razieh , Vahidi Milad , Tripepi Robert
Published: May 2024

Determining foliar mineral status of tissue cultured shoots can be costly and time consuming, yet hyperspectral signatures might be useful for determining mineral contents of these shoots. In this study, hyperspectral signatures were acquired from tissue cultured little-leaf mockorange (Philadelphus microphillus) shoots to determine the feasibility of using this technology to predict foliar nitrogen and calcium contents. After using a spectroradiometer to take hyperspectral images for determining foliar N and Ca contents, the correlation between the hyperspectral bands, vegetation indices, and hyperspectral features were calculated from the spectra. Features with high correlations were selected to develop the models via different regression methods including linear, random forest (RF), and support vector machines. The results showed that non-linear regression models developed through machine learning techniques, including RF methods and support vector machines provided satisfactory prediction models with high R2 values (%N by RF with R2 = 0.72, and %Ca by RF with R2 = 0.99), that can estimate nitrogen and calcium content of little-leaf mockorange shoots grown in vitro. Overall, the RF regression method provided the most accurate and satisfactory models for both foliar N and Ca estimation of little-leaf mockorange shoots grown in tissue culture.
Two Film Approach to Continuum Scale Mixing and Dispersion with Equilibrium Bimolecular Reaction
Authors: Mathias Simon A. , Bolster Diogo , Veremieiev Sergii
Published: May 2024

Reliable reactive transport models require careful separation of mixing and dispersion processes. Here we treat displacing and displaced fluids as two separate fluid phases and invoke Whitman’s classical two-film theory to model mass transfer between the two phases. We use experimental data from Gramling’s bimolecular reaction experiment to assess model performance. Gramling’s original model involved just three coupled PDEs. In this context, our new formulation leads to a set of seven coupled PDEs but only requires the specification of two extra parameters, associated with the mass transfer coefficient and its dependence on time. The two film mass transfer model provides a simple and theoretically based method for separating mixing from dispersion in Eulerian continuum-scale methods. The advantage of this approach over existing methods is that it enables the simulation of equilibrium chemical reactions without having to invoke unrealistically small reaction rate coefficients. The comparison with Gramling’s experimental data confirms that our proposed method is suitable for simulating realistic and complicated bimolecular reaction behaviour. However, further work is needed to explore alternative methods for avoiding the need of a time-dependent mass transfer rate coefficient.
Molecular mechanisms of extracellular-ATP-mediated colorectal cancer progression: Implication of purinergic receptors-mediated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HuR
Authors: Shatat Abdel-Aziz S. , Mahgoup Elsayed M. , Rashed Mohammed H. , Saleh Ibrahim G. , Akool El-Sayed
Published: May 2024

One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular ATP (e-ATP) and purinergic receptors (P2R) play a central role in CRC proliferation and progression. Human antigen R (HuR) is becoming more and more understood to be essential for the expression of genes linked to cancer. The current study demonstrates that ATP can mediate CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression via induction of HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent expression of cancer-related genes, a consequence mostly mediated via the P2R receptor. It was also noted that suppression of HuR activity by using dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) prevents cancer-related gene expression and subsequent CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression induced by ATP. The expression of cyclin A2/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Bcl-2, ProT-α, hypoxia‐inducible factor1-α (HIF1-α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) induced by ATP were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS (non-selective P2R antagonist) or DHTS. In addition, e-ATP-induced Caco-2 cell proliferation as well as cell survival were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS or DHTS or selective CDK-2 inhibitor (Roscovitine) or selective Bcl-2 inhibitor (ABT-263). Furthermore, it was found that MMP-9 is critical for Caco-2 cells migration induced by e-ATP as demonstrated by a clear reduction in cells migration in the presence of a selective MMP-9 inhibitor (Marimastat). Collectively, these data demonstrate that ATP through P2R activation can induce HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling that could be translated into an increase in cancer-related genes expression and subsequent, cell proliferation and progression.
Iron nanoparticles prepared from South African acid mine drainage for the treatment of methylene blue in wastewater
Authors: Folifac Leo , Ameh Alechine E. , Broadhurst Jennifer , Petrik Leslie F. , Ojumu Tunde V.
Published: May 2024

In this study, three acid mine drainage (AMD) sources were investigated as potential sources of iron for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles using green tea extract (an environmentally friendly reductant) or sodium borohydride (a chemical reductant). Electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), ion chromatography (IC), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) techniques were used to characterize the AMD, and the most suitable AMD sample was selected based on availability. Additionally, three tea extracts were characterized using ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazine-hydrate (DPPH), and the most suitable environmentally friendly reductant was selected based on the highest FRAP (1152 µmol FeII/g) and DPPH (71%) values. The synthesized iron nanoparticles were characterized and compared using XRD, STEM, Image J, EDS, and FTIR analytical techniques. The study shows that the novel iron nanoparticles produced using the selected green tea (57 nm) and AMD were stable under air due to the surface modification by polyphenols contained in green tea extract, whereas the nanoparticles produced using sodium borohydride (67 nm) were unstable under air and produced a toxic supernatant. Both the AMD-based iron nanoparticles can be used as Fenton-like catalysts for the decoloration of methylene blue solution. While 99% decoloration was achieved by the borohydride-synthesized nanoparticles, 81% decoloration was achieved using green tea-synthesized nanoparticles.
Hypothalamic sex-specific metabolic shift by canagliflozin during aging
Authors: Jayarathne Hashan S. M. , Sullivan Ryan , Stilgenbauer Lukas , Debarba Lucas K. , Kuchumov Artur , Koshko Lisa , Scofield Sydney , Liu Wanqing , Ginsburg Brett C. , Miller Richard A. , Sadagurski Marianna
Published: May 2024

The hypothalamus undergoes significant changes with aging and plays crucial roles in age-related metabolic alterations. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are anti-diabetic agents that promote glucose excretion, and metabolic homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that a SGLT2i, Canagliflozin (Cana), can extend the median survival of genetically heterogeneous UM-HET3 male mice and improve central metabolic control via increases in hypothalamic insulin responsiveness in aged males, as well as reduced age-associated hypothalamic inflammation. We studied the long- and short-term effects of Cana on hypothalamic metabolic control in UM-HET3 mice. Starting the treatment from 7 months of age, we show that 4 weeks of Cana treatment significantly reduced body weight and fat mass in male but not female mice that was associated with enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity observed by 12 months. Indirect calorimetry showed that Cana treatment increased energy expenditure in male, but not female mice, at 12 months of age. Long-term Cana treatment increased metabolic rates in both sexes, and markedly increasing formation of both orexigenic and anorexigenic projections to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) mostly in females by 25 months. Hypothalamic RNA-sequencing analysis revealed increased sex-specific genes and signaling pathways related to insulin signaling, glycogen catabolic pathway, neuropeptide signaling, and mitochondrial function upregulated by Cana, with males showing a more pronounced and sustained effect on metabolic pathways at both age groups. Overall, our data provide critical evidence for sex-specific mechanisms that are affected by Cana during aging suggesting key targets of hypothalamic Cana-induced neuroprotection for metabolic control.
Clustering large mixed-type data with ordinal variables
Authors: Szepannek Gero , Aschenbruck Rabea , Wilhelm Adalbert
Published: May 2024

One of the most frequently used algorithms for clustering data with both numeric and categorical variables is the k-prototypes algorithm, an extension of the well-known k-means clustering. Gower’s distance denotes another popular approach for dealing with mixed-type data and is suitable not only for numeric and categorical but also for ordinal variables. In the paper a modification of the k-prototypes algorithm to Gower’s distance is proposed that ensures convergence. This provides a tool that allows to take into account ordinal information for clustering and can also be used for large data. A simulation study demonstrates convergence, good clustering results as well as small runtimes.
Ergonomic interventions to reduce upper limb musculoskeletal pain during robotic surgery: a narrative review
Authors: Wong Shing Wai , Parkes Allan , Crowe Philip
Published: May 2024

There is a high prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal pain among robotic surgeons. Poor upper limb ergonomic positioning during robotic surgery occurs when the shoulders are abducted, and the elbows are lifted off the console armrest. The validated rapid upper limb assessment can quantify ergonomic efficacy. Surface electromyography and hand dynamometer assessment of strength are the most common methods to assess muscle fatigue. A literature review was performed to find evidence of ergonomic interventions which reduce upper limb musculoskeletal pain during robotic surgery. There is a paucity of studies which have reported on this topic. In other occupations, there is strong evidence for the use of resistance training to prevent upper extremity pain. Use of forearm compression sleeves, stretching, and massage may help reduce forearm fatigue. Microbreaks with targeted stretching, active ergonomic training, improved use of armrest, and optimal hand controller design have been shown to reduce upper limb musculoskeletal pain. Future studies should assess which interventions are beneficial in reducing surgeon upper limb pain during robotic surgery.
Bimetallic reduced graphene oxide/zeolitic imidazolate framework hybrid aerogels for efficient heavy metals removal
Authors: Mazlan Nurul A. , Lewis Allana , Butt Fraz Saeed , Krishnamoorthi Rajakumari , Chen Siyu , Huang Yi
Published: May 2024

Graphene oxide is a promising adsorption material. However, it has been difficult to recycle and separate graphene oxide in the solution. To alleviate this problem, graphene oxide was thermally reduced to produce porous hydrogel which was then functionalized with polydopamine. The functional groups act as not only adsorption sites but also nucleation sites for in situ crystallization of cobalt-doped zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-8 nano-adsorbents. The effects of cobalt-doping contents on the physicochemical and adsorption properties of the resulting aerogel were also evaluated by varying the cobalt concentration. For instance, the reduced graphene oxide-polydopamine/50cobalt-zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-8 aerogel exhibited a high surface area of 900 m2·g−1 and maintained the structure in water after ten days. The assynthesized aerogels showed an ultrahigh adsorption capacity of 1217 ± 24.35 mg·g−1 with a removal efficiency of > 99% of lead, as well as excellent adsorption performance toward other heavy metals, such as copper and cadmium with adsorption capacity of 1163 ± 34.91 and 1059 ± 31.77 mg·g−1, respectively. More importantly, the lead adsorption stabilized at 1023 ± 20.5 mg·g−1 with a removal efficiency of > 80% after seven cycles, indicating their potential in heavy metal removal from industrial wastewater.
Loss-optimal classification trees: a generalized framework and the logistic case
Authors: Aldinucci Tommaso , Lapucci Matteo
Published: May 2024

Classification trees are one of the most common models in interpretable machine learning. Although such models are usually built with greedy strategies, in recent years, thanks to remarkable advances in mixed-integer programming (MIP) solvers, several exact formulations of the learning problem have been developed. In this paper, we argue that some of the most relevant ones among these training models can be encapsulated within a general framework, whose instances are shaped by the specification of loss functions and regularizers. Next, we introduce a novel realization of this framework: specifically, we consider the logistic loss, handled in the MIP setting by a piece-wise linear approximation, and couple it with$$\ell _1$$ℓ1-regularization terms. The resulting optimal logistic classification tree model numerically proves to be able to induce trees with enhanced interpretability properties and competitive generalization capabilities, compared to the state-of-the-art MIP-based approaches.
Small RNA sequencing reveals snoRNAs and piRNA-019825 as novel players in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: ’t Hart L. M. , de Klerk J. A. , Bouland G. A. , Peerlings J. H. D. , Blom M. T. , Cramer S. J. , Bijkerk R. , Beulens J. W. J. , Slieker R. C.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Micro- and macrovascular complications are common among persons with type 2 diabetes. Recently there has been growing interest to investigate the potential of circulating small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) as contributors to the development of diabetic complications. In this study we investigate to what extent circulating sncRNAs levels associate with prevalent diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in persons with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Plasma sncRNAs levels were determined using small RNA-seq, allowing detection of miRNAs, snoRNAs, piRNAs, tRNA fragments, and various other sncRNA classes. We tested for differentially expressed sncRNAs in persons with type 2 diabetes, with DKD (n = 69) or without DKD (n = 405). In secondary analyses, we also tested the association with eGFR, albuminuria (UACR), and the plasma proteome.

Results

In total seven sncRNAs were negatively associated with prevalent DKD (all PFDR ≤ 0.05). Including one microRNA (miR-143-5p), five snoRNAs (U8, SNORD118, SNORD24, SNORD107, SNORD87) and a piRNA (piR-019825 | DQ597218). Proteomic analyses showed that the seven sncRNAs, and especially the piRNA piR-019825, were associated with plasma levels of 24 proteins of which several have known associations with kidney function including TNF sR-I (TNFRFS1A), DAN (NBL1) and cystatin C (CST3).

Conclusion

We have identified novel small non-coding RNAs, primarily from classes other than microRNAs, that are associated with diabetic kidney disease. Our results show that the involvement of small non-coding RNAs in DKD goes beyond the already known microRNAs and also involves other classes of sncRNA, in particular snoRNAs and the piRNA piR-019825, that have never been studied before in relation to kidney function.
Emerging Insights into Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders: The Role of Signaling Across the Gut-Brain Axis
Authors: Yu Wanqiu , Zhu Zhaoqiong , Tang Fushan
Published: May 2024

The pathophysiological regulatory mechanisms in postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PNCDs) are intricately complex. Currently, the pathogenesis of PNCDs has not been fully elucidated. The mechanism involved may include a variety of factors, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine dysregulation. Research into the gut microbiota-induced regulations on brain functions is increasingly becoming a focal point of exploration. Emerging evidence has shown that intestinal bacteria may play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of various physiological systems and regulating disease occurrence. Recent studies have confirmed the association of the gut-brain axis with central nervous system diseases. However, the regulatory effects of this axis in the pathogenesis of PNCDs remain unclear. Therefore, this paper intends to review the bidirectional signaling and mechanism of the gut-brain axis in PNCDs, summarize the latest research progress, and discuss the possible mechanism of intestinal bacteria affecting nervous system diseases. This review is aimed at providing a scientific reference for predicting the clinical risk of PNCD patients and identifying early diagnostic markers and prevention targets.
The evolutıon of dıgıtal leadershıp: content and sentıment analysıs of the New York Tımes coverage
Authors: Balcioğlu Yavuz Selim , Artar Melike
Published: May 2024

This research paper examines the evolution of digital leadership as portrayed in The New York Times articles from 2020 to 2022, addressing the growing complexities and strategic roles influenced by digital technologies. The study identifies critical issues in digital leadership, including ethical dilemmas, cybersecurity threats, and the digital divide, which pose significant challenges to effective digital governance and strategy implementation. The objectives of this research were to uncover and analyze the prevailing themes and sentiments associated with digital leadership using advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, specifically Nvivo and Monkeylearn. Our methodology involved a content and sentiment analysis of 318 articles, chosen from an initial pool of 387, resulting in a dataset of 2,428 content blocks. This analysis enabled the identification of major themes: Digital Transformation, Innovation, Remote Working, and Cybersecurity. The results indicate that ‘Digital Transformation’ and ‘Innovation’ were the most prominent themes, with significant discussions around ‘technology adoption’ and ‘AI’. The sentiment analysis quantitatively underscores the public discourse, revealing that 60% of the analyzed content carried a positive tone, reflecting an optimistic view towards digital advancements. Conversely, 29% expressed negative sentiments, emphasizing the urgent need to address associated risks. Significantly, the statistical evaluation of theme prevalence and sentiment ratios provides a nuanced understanding of the digital leadership landscape, suggesting a critical balance is necessary between leveraging opportunities and mitigating risks. These findings contribute to the theoretical and practical discussions on digital leadership by highlighting the importance of strategic adaptability and ethical considerations in shaping policies that are both inclusive and effective. In conclusion, this study offers a detailed, numerical insight into the complexities of digital leadership, providing valuable evidence for policymakers and business leaders aiming to navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by digitalization.
Comfortable Crossing Strategies for Robots
Authors: Neggers Margot M. E. , Belgers Simon , Cuijpers Raymond H. , Ruijten Peter A. M. , IJsselsteijn Wijnand A.
Published: May 2024

Increasingly often robots are deployed in human environments, where they will encounter people. An example of a challenge robots encounter is crossing paths with a human. Based on human-robot proxemics research one would expect that people would keep a certain distance to maintain an appropriate comfort level. However it is unclear whether this also holds for crossing scenarios between a robot and a person. In the first experiment presented in this paper, a humanoid robot crossed paths with a person in which the crossing angle and acceleration of the robot were manipulated. Results showed that participants deviated more from a straight path when the robot arrived earlier at the crossing point compared to the other trials and when it accelerated or when the robot itself deviated from a straight path. If participants had to deviate from their path, it was regarded as less comfortable and it required more effort. In the second experiment, an autonomous guided vehicle was used, and we tested the moving speed of the robot. Similar to the first experiment, when the robot kept a straight path or stopped, it was regarded as the most comfortable. The results show that it is more comfortable if a robot does not change its direction while crossing paths with the robot. These findings indicate that perceived comfort is not merely determined by distance, but is more strongly affected by how predictable the robot is.
Prediction of cadmium content using machine learning methods
Authors: Keçeci Mehmet , Gökmen Fatih , Usul Mustafa , Koca Celal , Uygur Veli
Published: May 2024

Heavy metals are the most environmentally hazardous pollutions in agricultural soils, threatening humans and several ecosystem services. Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element but distinctively different from other heavy metals with its high mobility in soil environments. The study aimed to evaluate the Cd concentration of soils in the Konya plain with a specific attribute to soil fertilization, mainly phosphorous fertilizers. A total of 538 surface (0–20 cm) soil samples were analyzed to determine basic physical and chemical properties and total phosphorus (P) and Cd concentrations. Descriptive statistics, machine learning, and regression models were used to assess the accumulation of Cd in soils. Decision Trees, Linear Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost machine learning methods were used in Cd prediction. The XGBoost model proved to be the best prediction model, with a coefficient of determination of 98.1%. Electrical conductivity, pH, CaCO3, silt, and P were used in the Cd estimation of the XGBoost model and explained 56.51% of the total variance in relation to measured soil properties. The results revealed that a machine learning algorithm could be useful for estimating Cd concentration in soils using basic physical and chemical soil properties.
Integrative analysis indicates the potential values of ANKRD53 in stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jin Chunjing , Lu Xu , Yang Minfeng , Hou Shiqiang
Published: May 2024

Background

Ankyrin repeat domain 53 (ANKRD53) plays an important role in maintaining chromosome integrity and stability, and chromosome instability is associated with cancer. Through integrative analysis, this study investigates the potential value of ANKRD53 in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD).

Methods

RNA-seq and scRNA-seq data were used for integrative analysis based on online databases. Expression of ANKRD53 was confirmed by RT-PCR after bioinformatic analysis. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of ANKRD53 in STAD. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to evaluate ANKRD53-related signaling pathways. In addition, the interaction of ANKRD53 with immunity was also investigated.

Results

RT-PCR in STAD cell lines confirmed that ANKRD53 was downregulated in STAD samples compared to normal samples in the online databases. As an independent predictive biomarker, ANKRD53 was combined with other clinicopathological parameters to create a prognostic nomogram. Using GSEA, ANKRD53 was found to be involved in five pathways, including the TGF-β signaling pathway. Further investigation revealed that ANKRD53 was associated with immune checkpoint molecules, immunological pathways, and immunotherapy, in addition to MSI, TMB and neoantigens. In addition, scRNA-seq data revealed that ANKRD53 is mainly expressed in CD8+ T and dendritic cells.

Conclusions

ANKRD53 is an important biomarker for STAD that deserves further attention.
miR-4429 inhibits ccRCC proliferation, migration, and invasion by directly targeting CD274
Authors: Hong GuangYi , Wu YiKun , Huang ShiYu , Hu Yang , Zhang Ying , Guo CiCi , Shi Hua , Xu ShuXiong
Published: May 2024

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most aggressive urological malignancies and a highly immunogenic cancer. Yet, its pathogenesis is still not fully understood. This study analyzed the role of the miR-320 family in ccRCC using bioinformatics algorithms and a series of in vitro experiments. miR-4429 was found to be significantly down-regulated in ccRCC tissues and cell lines, while overexpression of miR-4429 significantly inhibited renal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. In addition, the UALCAN database, immunohistochemistry, and protein blotting results showed that CD274 expression was up-regulated in ccRCC tissues and correlated with higher histologic grading. Dual luciferase assay indicated that CD274 was a direct target of miR-4429. Overexpression of miR-4429 in 786-O, Caki-2 cells significantly inhibited CD274 expression. KEGG results indicated that the potential target function of miR-4429 was associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and protein blotting verified the results. In summary, this data shows that miR-4429 targets CD274 and inhibits ccRCC proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling, thus potentially providing a promising therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for renal cell carcinoma patients.

Graphical Abstract
Proof of concept of an experimental prototype for the prevention of parastomal hernia
Authors: García-Manzanares María Elena , Zaragoza-García Ignacio , Avilés-Escudero Mercedes , Alonso-Cortés Fradejas Beatriz
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to analyse the complications and problems associated with the use of an experimental prototype designed for the prevention of parastomal hernia (PSH), one of the most frequent complications in ostomates.

Methods

A single-centre, non-comparative, proof-of-concept interventional pilot study of an experimental prototype designed to be used in conjunction with an abdominal compression binder to prevent PSH was conducted. The “Ostomy Fixation Device for Hernia Prevention” (patent P201531826) is a semi-rigid ostomy protector, to be used in conjunction with a compression binder. It is designed to adapt to the dimensions of standard ostomy bags from different brands and serves to transmit, in a localised manner, the support coming from the compression binder in the peristomal area without putting pressure on the collection bag. The main outcome measures were efficacy, safety, and patient-users’ opinion/perception.

Results

Ten patients were studied for 12 months. Mean age was 61 years (± 11.59), 70% (7) were male, 80% (8) ostomised for colorectal cancer, 90% (9) underwent planned surgery and 80% (8) had a colostomy. Efficacy: the incidence of HPE was 10% (1). Safety: no participant experienced pain, discomfort, itching, stinging, leakage, pouch detachment, allergy to components, or injury to the stoma or peristomal skin due to rubbing or pressure. 90% (n = 9) were considered “very satisfied” or “satisfied” with the device.

Conclusions

An innovative device designed in collaboration between healthcare professionals and end-users has been shown to be safe and effective in reducing PSH in the group of ostomates studied.
High-Q Fabry-Pérot Cavity Based on Micro-Lens Array for Refractive Index Sensing
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhao Xuyang , Luo Man , Li Yuxiang , Liu Junjie , Wu Xiang
Published: May 2024

Fabry-Pérot (FP) microcavities have attracted tremendous attention in recent years due to their favorable optical characteristics of the high quality (Q) factor and small mode volume. In this work, we presented a novel approach that utilized the soft lithography and imprinting technology to incorporate the convex micro-lens array structure into the FP (FP-lens) cavity. A strong mode-profile restriction of the micro-lens simultaneously reduced the mode volume and enhanced the Q factor, exhibiting high tolerance to non-parallelism of mirrors compared with that of the plane-plane FP (PP-FP) microcavities. In the experiment, the Q factor of the FP-lens cavity was measured to be 8.145×104, which exhibited a 5.6-fold increase than that of the PP-FP cavity. Furthermore, we experimentally measured the refractive index sensing performance of the FP-lens cavity with the sensitivity of 594.7 nm/RIU and a detection limit of 4.26×10−7 RIU. On the basis of this superior sensing performance, the FP-lens cavity has the great potential for applications in biosensors.
Hydrothermal liquefaction of catering wastes towards biofuel intermediates
Authors: Liakos Dimitris , Chrysikou Loukia P. , Triantafyllidis Konstantinos , Bezergianni Stella
Published: May 2024

The potential application of the hydrothermal liquefaction process on catering wastes, spent coffee grounds (SCG) and orange peels, towards reducing municipal wastes was examined in this study, targeting to the production of biofuel intermediates. The study was focused on the two main process parameters, temperature (280–350 °C) and residence time (5–60 min) while the other parameters such as biomass/solvent ratio and applied extractant were selected according to literature. The results indicated that spent coffee grounds are a more promising feedstock, rendering higher bio-crude oil yield than orange peels (34 wt% and 22 wt% respectively). The optimal conditions for each feedstock varied due to their different structural properties, which not only affected the products’ yields but also their quality. To better understand the distribution of the process degradation products and a part of the reaction’s pathway, the gas product was analyzed via GC-FID, and the aqueous phase was studied via HPLC analysis. Finally, the bio-crude oil was subjected to elemental, thermogravimetric, and GC-MS analysis to determine its quality and biofuel potential, based on which the bio-crude oil derived from spent coffee grounds showed promising results while orange peel–derived oil is of lower value. According to the study’s findings, the bio-crude oil can be utilized as a fuel substitute after being upgraded via hydrotreatment enabling the heteroatoms removal and enhancing its fuel properties.

Graphical abstract
Meta-Borders and the Rule of Law: From Externalisation to ‘Responsibilisation’ in Systems of Contactless Control
Authors: Moreno-Lax Violeta
Published: May 2024

This article contests the strategic use of what I have called meta-borders. These are the array of border enforcement mechanisms implemented beyond the physical frontiers of States through different means and by different actors, for the purpose or with the effect of denying human rights protection to (unwanted) non-citizens. The ensuing ‘irresponsibilisation’ of States of destination, on whose behalf or for whose benefit the measures are executed, is anathema to the Rule of Law. My main contention is that prevailing understandings of jurisdiction and responsibility, as applied to externalised migration controls (the core feature of meta-borders), need to be revised. Currently, they allow for the emergence of a double standard, solely dependent on location, whereby the State may act abroad with impunity in relation to the human rights consequences of its conduct, exploiting geographical distance to create and legitimate ethical and legal detachment from its own wrongdoing. This article proposes an alternative model of ‘responsibilisation’ that tallies with the flexible spatiality of migration governance. The functional configuration of the meta-border is matched with an equally functional conceptualisation of jurisdiction that rejects unaccountable forms of power. The article thus problematises the localisation of the meta-border, mapping its multiple roles, modes, and dimensions, highlighting the significance of its legal manifestations, before exploring the impact of law on the de-territorialisation of the sovereign exercises of demarcation, delimitation, and exclusion that it implies. The meta-border, crafted by legal fiat, actively (re)orders space, curtailing the reach of human rights and disclaiming responsibility for related violations. To reconcile power with accountability, I advance the ‘responsibilisation’ model, premised on the acceptance that human rights, as fundamental components of the Rule of Law, track and constrain all exercises of State authority.
Investigation of interfacial shear strength of hybrid fibre-reinforced polyamide composite structures made by fused granular fabrication and automated tape laying
Authors: Rackwitz Cornelius , Scholz Simon , Vyhnal Moritz , Hirsch Patrick , Schlimper Ralf , Zscheyge Matthias , Kotera Ondrej , Stipkova Michaela , Scholz Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Fused granular fabrication (FGF), a technology within the framework of large format additive manufacturing (LFAM), focuses on cost-effective granulate-based manufacturing, eliminating the need for semi-finished filaments. The anisotropic behaviour of 3D-printed parts is evident in their varying mechanical properties along different axes, which are amplified when fibres are incorporated into the material. In this study, a significant improvement in the flexural stiffness and strength of manufactured FGF structures and a lowering of anisotropic behaviour have been achieved through the integration of continuous fibre-reinforced unidirectional tapes (UD-tapes). With the employment of automated tape laying (ATL), UD-tapes have been applied to plate structures manufactured by the FGF process. The manufactured structures were characterised in terms of their morphology and mechanical behaviour by 3-point-bending tests. As the effectiveness of the UD-tape reinforcement requires sufficient bonding between the UD-tape and the FGF structure, the interface morphology and interface strength were investigated. Different surface preparations were considered prior to tape laying to account for the influence of the surface quality of FGF structures. It was demonstrated that UD-tape laying on an FGF surface that was prepared by a milling process provides a higher interface shear strength compared to an untreated FGF surface.
Cap-snatching mechanism-mediated unveiling of the transcriptional initiation sites of two distinct begomoviruses
Authors: Arif Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Significant economic losses are inflicted by plant viruses, which pose a risk to sustainable agriculture. The proliferation of novel viral diseases is predominantly attributable to factors such as climate change, international trade, and the rapid evolutionary capabilities of viruses. Begomoviruses are a major group of plant-infecting viruses that pose an imminent threat to global agriculture by causing devastating viral diseases in many crop species. The transcriptional start sites (TSSs) of many plant viruses are typically found in the intergenic region (IR), which is the non-coding (NC) area between the viral genes. The promoters play a crucial role in initiating the transcription process by aiding in the recruitment of cellular transcription machinery. The TSSs are precise nucleotide sequences where RNA polymerase initiates the transcription process. The primary objective of this study was to determine the total number of TSSs for two devastating begomoviruses, family: Geminiviridae, Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) and Ageratum yellow vein mosaic virus (AYVMV), using the cap-snatching method in conjunction with one heterologous plant virus. These two begomoviruses, along with their infectious clones, were intentionally infected with selected heterologous plant virus in N. benthamiana plants. The identification of the 5′ ends of heterologous viral mRNA was accomplished by employing high-throughput sequencing to assess the capped RNA leaders (CRLs). The determination of the 5′ termini of suspected begomoviral mRNAs was achieved by aligning the collected CRLs of heterologous virus with the genome of each begomovirus, taking into account only those that were a perfect match with the begomoviral genome. In this study, the TSSs of both begomoviruses were identified via complementary approach. The utilization of high-throughput sequencing for both begomoviruses has facilitated the acquisition of millions of sequences. Comprehending the TSSs and promoter components of begomoviruses is crucial for understanding their ability to cause disease, their interactions with host organisms, and for developing effective methods to manage and control the diseases, they inflict on economically significant crop plants.
Progress in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and up-and-coming technologies for eco-friendly transportation: an international assessment
Authors: Soleimani Alireza , Hosseini Dolatabadi Sayed Hamid , Heidari Mehrdad , Pinnarelli Anna , Mehdizadeh Khorrami Behrouz , Luo Yang , Vizza Pasquale , Brusco Giovanni
Published: May 2024

The urgent need for sustainable energy solutions in light of escalating global energy demands and environmental concerns has brought hydrogen to the forefront as a promising renewable resource. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the technologies essential for the production and operation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which are emerging as a viable alternative to traditional combustion engine vehicles. It examines various fuel cell types, hydrogen storage methods, refueling logistics, and the role of batteries in fuel cell vehicles. The paper also explores the potential impact of advancements in artificial intelligence and quantum computing on the development of fuel cell vehicles. A global assessment reveals that South Korea (19,270) and the United States (12,283) are leading in the adoption of fuel-cell vehicles, particularly in the passenger car segment (82%), followed by buses (9.2%) and trucks (8.7%). The study highlights the challenges hindering fuel cell vehicle implementation, such as the need for consistent investment and collaboration among industry stakeholders to promote sustainable transportation systems. The analysis underscores the practicality of fuel cell vehicles, exemplified by models like the Toyota Mirai and Hyundai Nexo, which offer significant driving ranges and demonstrate the integration of advanced technologies. The paper discusses the environmental benefits of fuel cell vehicles, including their ability to operate with zero emissions when paired with renewable energy sources.

Graphical Abstract
Interactions of polyvinyl acetate dispersions with nanostructured superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic Ti6Al4V alloy surfaces
Authors: Neßlinger Vanessa , Atlanov Jan , Grundmeier Guido
Published: May 2024

Nanostructured bilayer thin films with superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces were prepared using Ti6Al4V alloy substrates which allowed for the comparative analysis of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) particle adsorption as a function of the interface structure. The PVAc particles were obtained from emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. A superhydrophilic TiO2 nanofiber-based 3D network was created on the Ti6Al4V alloy substrate by application of a hydrothermal method. Subsequent UV-grafting of ultra-thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers resulted in a superhydrophobic surface. The modification steps were followed via Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy, contact angle and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. A mechanism for the adsorption of PVAc at the two electrolyte/substrate interfaces could be revealed.
Interleaved step-down converter with capacitor-diode voltage splitter and minimum switches for low current ripple and extra-low voltage ratio
Authors: Shen Chih-Lung , Chen Pin-Han , Liu Hong-Qing , Liang Yu-Shan
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes an interleaved step-down converter (ISDC) with a capacitor-diode voltage splitter. Even though the ISDC only utilizes two active switches, it can significantly step down a high input voltage to a much lower level and achieve interleaved current at output and continuous current at input without using an extreme duty ratio. In addition, the ISDC is capable of sharing output current equally between two interleaved paths by controlling the two switches. Therefore, the ISDC has lower current ripples and reduces EMI noise. The ISDC can be easily expanded only by adopting capacitors and diodes for a much higher conversion ratio, avoiding using any active switch. A comprehensive analysis of ISDC is presented, including operation principle, steady-state analysis, design consideration, expendability of the power stage, and converter comparison. A prototype of 500 W is fulfilled to deal with 400-V input and 24-V output, which has verified the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and validated the converter. Experimental results demonstrate that the ISDC achieves a peak efficiency of 92.74% at 350 W and 92.09% at full load. If synchronous rectifiers are employed, the peak efficiency can be up to 94.73%.
Effect of atmosphere on the high-temperature interaction of molten Mg-10Ca alloy with steel substrates
Authors: Terlicka S. , Janus K. , Sobczak N. , Sobczak J. J.
Published: May 2024

Experimental studies of the high-temperature interaction of a molten Mg-10Ca alloy (10 wt% Ca) with steel substrates were performed, for the first time, using the sessile drop method combined with non-contact heating and capillary purification procedure. The investigations were carried out under isothermal conditions at a temperature of 700 °C in two different flowing gas atmospheres: (i) a pure Ar and (ii) a mixture of Ar + 5 wt% H2. The high-resolution side-view images of Mg-10Ca/steel couples collected during the experiments were used to determine the contact angle values (θ) formed between the alloy drop and steel substrates. In both atmospheres, under the experimental conditions used, liquid Mg-10Ca alloy exhibited non-wetting behavior on steel substrates: after 180 s of dropping alloy from a graphite capillary, the average contact angle value in the Ar atmosphere was θav = 120°, which was slightly higher than that for the test performed in the Ar + 5 wt% H2 atmosphere, where θav = 114°. The microstructure of the solidified couples was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM/EDS analysis revealed interfacial discontinuities throughout the cross-sectioned couples and a lack of permanent bonding between the alloy drop and substrates. Moreover, neither new phases nor mass transfer through the drop/substrate interface were noted. The non-wetting and weak bonding between the alloy drops and the steel substrates is consistent with the Mg–Fe and Ca–Fe phase diagrams, i.e., the non-reactive nature of the Mg-10Ca/steel couples, since at the testing temperature, Fe does not form any compounds with both Mg and Ca, and it does not dissolve in liquid Mg.
Environmental impacts of tobacco product waste: An investigation on littering attitudes
Authors: Lakatos Elena Simina , Cioca Lucian-Ionel , Geng Yong , Rada Elena Cristina
Published: May 2024

Cigarette butts are one the most common types of waste. Habits, convenience, lack of ashtrays and bins, accidental discarding of cigarettes due to their small size and the misconception that cigarette butts are biodegradable are just some of the causes associated with this behaviour. Previous studies in several countries show that cigarette butts have become one of improperly disposed waste. The aim of this study is to identify the behaviours and motivations of smokers and to analyse how to dispose of cigarettes after consumption and to quantify the amount of cigarette butts generated by the Romanian population, chosen because its tobacco consumption is very close to the average value of the European Union. To collect these data, a questionnaire was developed, to which respondents from different regions of the country responded. The examination of the questionnaires took place in two stages. Areas of interest were chosen where photos were taken in 2021 November, between 12 p.m. and 5 p.m. A total of 184.72 km2 of public open spaces were analysed. We calculated that approximately 3,962,091 out of a total of 4,559,467 residents live in these areas affected by this form of litter. The approach is suitable for replication in similar contexts.