bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asuwada Epistemology and Globalised Sociology: Challenges of the South
Authors: Omobowale Ayokunle Olumuyiwa , Akanle Olayinka
Published: February 2017

Professor Akiwowo propounded the Asuwada Theory of Sociation in the 1980s as a contextual episteme to explain African social experience. The theory particularly attempts an indigenous postulation to social interactions among Africans in general and the Yoruba in particular. Its concepts attempt to emphasise contextual values of social beings who would contribute to social survival and community integration and development. This theory postulates that among Africans in general and the Yoruba in particular, the need to associate or co-exist by internalising and rightly exhibiting socially approved values of community survival and development, is integral to local social structure, as failure to co-exist potentially endangers the community. A deviant who defaults in sociating values is deemed a bad person ( omoburuku), while the one who sociates is the good person ( omoluabi). This theoretical postulation contrasts western social science theories (especially sociological Structuralist (macro) and Social Action (micro) theories), which rather emphasise rationality and individualism (at varied levels depending on the theory). Western social science ethnocentrically depicts African communal and kin ways of life as primitive and antithetical to development. Western social science theories have remained dominant and hegemonic over the years while Akiwowo’s theory is largely unpopular even in Nigerian social science curricula in spite of its potential for providing contextual interpretations for indigenous ways of life that are still very much extant despite dominant western modernity. This article examines the Asuwada Theory within the context of globalised social sciences and the complicated and multifaceted glocal challenges confronting the adoption of the Akiwowo’s epistemic intervention.
To use the whip or not: Whether and when party group leaders use disciplinary measures to achieve voting unity
Authors: Bailer Stefanie
Published: February 2017

Party group leaders seemingly use a variety of disciplinary measures to achieve unified voting behavior in party groups. However, there is little systematic knowledge about the nature of such disciplinary measures and the interaction between leaders and group members remains a black box. Most studies of party voting concentrate on institutional variables such as electoral systems and take disciplinary measures as a given. This study presents a new way to measure party discipline, based on data from semi-structured interviews with 76 party group leaders and experts from five European parliaments. The discipline index provided here is the first to consider in a systematic way the means available to reprimand or reward party group members. In a second step, the study shows that disciplinary measures can compensate for a leader’s lack of control over candidate selection processes, and relate to group composition or size.
Electronic assistive technology used by people with acquired brain injury in shared supported accommodation: Implications for occupational therapy
Authors: Jamwal Rebecca , Callaway Libby , Ackerl Jane , Farnworth Louise , Winkler Di
Published: February 2017

Introduction

People with severe acquired brain injury often require lifetime support, sometimes received from paid workers if living in shared supported accommodation. Electronic assistive technology may offer a less intrusive method of support that can enable autonomous participation and deliver cost savings. However, research on rates, barriers, and facilitators of electronic assistive technology uptake is lacking. This study aimed to identify electronic assistive technology types used by people with acquired brain injury living in shared supported accommodation, assess user satisfaction and psychosocial impact of electronic assistive technology, detail the impact of technology use on respondents’ participation and support needs, and describe barriers and/or facilitators to electronic assistive technology uptake and ongoing use.

Method

Participants were identified electronic assistive technology users with acquired brain injury living in shared supported accommodation in Australia ( N = 22). Mixed methods data were collected using semi-structured interviews and published measures of support need, electronic assistive technology satisfaction, and psychosocial impact.

Results

Participants reported satisfaction with the devices they used, and positive psychosocial outcomes. Areas impacted by electronic assistive technology, key facilitators and barriers to electronic assistive technology use, and implications for occupational therapists working to deliver electronic assistive technology solutions were identified.

Conclusion

Electronic assistive technology use by this group can positively influence both everyday functioning and participation. Skilled prescription and ongoing support services are necessary to maximise uptake and use.
No Effect of Generalized Joint Hypermobility on Injury Risk in Elite Female Soccer Players: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Blokland Donna , Thijs Karin M. , Backx Frank J.G. , Goedhart Edwin A. , Huisstede Bionka M.A.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Although it has been suggested that generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is a risk factor for injury in soccer players, it remains unclear whether this applies to elite female soccer players.

Purpose:

To investigate whether GJH is a risk factor for injury in elite female soccer players.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Elite female soccer players in the Netherlands were screened at the start of the 2014-2015 competitive season. GJH was assessed using the Beighton score. Soccer injuries and soccer exposure were registered throughout the entire season. Poisson regression was performed to calculate incidence risk ratios (IRRs) using different cutoff points of the Beighton score (≥3, ≥4, and ≥5) to indicate GJH.

Results:

Of the 114 players included in the study, 20 were classified as hypermobile (Beighton score ≥4). The mean (±SD) injury incidence per player was 8.40 ± 9.17 injuries/1000 hours of soccer, with no significant difference between hypermobile and nonhypermobile players. GJH was not a risk factor for injuries when using Beighton score cutoff points of ≥3 (IRR = 1.06 [95% CI, 0.74-1.50]; P = .762), ≥4 (IRR = 1.10 [95% CI, 0.72-1.68]; P = .662), or ≥5 (IRR = 1.15 [95% CI, 0.68-1.95]; P = .602). Similarly, GJH was not a significant risk factor for thigh, knee, or ankle injuries evaluated separately.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that GJH is not a risk factor for injuries in elite female soccer players, irrespective of Beighton score cutoff point. Hypermobile players at this elite level might have improved their active stability and/or used braces to compensate for joint laxity.
Mechanisms and Factors Associated With Tackle-Related Injuries in South African Youth Rugby Union Players
Authors: Burger Nicholas , Lambert Mike Ian , Viljoen Wayne , Brown James Craig , Readhead Clint , den Hollander Steve , Hendricks Sharief
Published: February 2017

Background:

The majority of injuries in rugby union occur during tackle events. The mechanisms and causes of these injuries are well established in senior rugby union.

Purpose:

To use information from an injury database and assess video footage of tackle-related injuries in youth rugby union matches to identify environmental factors and mechanisms that are potentially confounding to these injuries.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

Injury surveillance was conducted at the under-18 Craven Week rugby tournament. Tackle-related injury information was used to identify injury events in match video footage (role-matched noninjury tackle events were identified for the cohort of injured players). Events were coded using match situational variables (precontact, contact, and postcontact). Relative risk ratio (RRR; ratio of probability of an injury or noninjury outcome occurring when a characteristic was observed) was reported by use of logistic regression.

Results:

In comparison with the first quarter, injury risk was greater in the third (RRR = 9.75 [95% CI, 1.71-55.64]; P = .010) and fourth quarters (RRR = 6.97 [95% CI, 1.09-44.57]; P = .040) for ball carriers and in the fourth quarter (RRR = 9.63 [95% CI, 1.94-47.79]; P = .006) for tacklers. Ball carriers were less likely to be injured when they were aware of impending contact (RRR = 0.14 [95% CI, 0.03-0.66]; P = .012) or when they executed a moderate fend (hand-off) (RRR = 0.22 [95% CI, 0.06-0.84]; P = .026). Tacklers were less likely to be injured when performing shoulder tackles (same side as leading leg) in comparison to an arm-only tackle (RRR = 0.02 [95% CI, 0.001-0.79]; P = .037). Ball carriers (RRR = 0.09 [95% CI, 0.01-0.89]; P = .040) and tacklers (RRR = 0.02 [95% CI, 0.001-0.32]; P =.006) were less likely to be injured when initial contact was made with the tackler’s shoulder/arm instead of his head/neck.

Conclusion:

The relative risk of tackle-related injury was higher toward the end of matches. Incorrect technique may contribute to increased injury risk. Implementing recovery strategies between matches, training safe and effective techniques, and improving levels of conditioning may counter the negative effects of fatigue. These findings may assist stakeholders in youth rugby to formulate injury prevention strategies and may improve the preparation of field-side medical staff for managing tackle-related injuries at these or similar tournaments.
Effectiveness, safety, durability and immune recovery in a retrospective, multicentre, observational cohort of ART-experienced, HIV-1-infected patients receiving maraviroc
Authors: Dentone C , Sterrantino G , Signori A , Cenderello G , Guerra M , De Leo P , Bartolacci V , Mantia E , Orofino G , Giacomini M , Bruzzone B , Francisci D , Di Biagio A ,   MARHIV Study Group
Published: February 2017

The aim of this retrospective, multicentre, observational study was to assess the durability, safety, immune recovery and effectiveness on viral suppression of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a maraviroc (MVC)-based cohort. We collected clinical, demographical, immunological and virological parameters of adult HIV patients who were infected by CCR5-tropic virus and started an ART regimen containing MVC from 2005 to 2012. We created a longitudinal mixed model to assess the change over time of data. We enrolled 126 drug-experienced patients; the median duration of MVC treatment was 25 months. The probability of stopping ART at one year was 13.3%, and at three years was 27.3%. Statistically significant changes were observed for CD4+ cell count increase ( p < 0.001), HIV-RNA decrease ( p < 0.001) and total cholesterol decrease ( p = 0.005). Ninety-four patients (79.7%) had CD4 ≥ 200 cells/mm3 at baseline while nine of them reached this threshold at nine months (7.6%), 17 (13%) after nine months and six (5%) remained below 200 cells/mm3 at the end of the study. Overall, 114 patients (90.5%) achieved an HIV-RNA ≤ 50 cp/ml. A majority of patients maintained CD4 cell counts of ≥ 200 cells/mm3 and achieved an undetectable HIV viral load within three months. MVC-containing regimens are safe and appear to be a feasible therapeutic option for ART.
Feasibility study of the Hilbert transform in detecting the gear rattle phenomenon of automotive transmissions
Authors: Brancati Renato , Rocca Ernesto , Lauria Davide
Published: February 2017

This paper describes the feasibility analysis of a methodology based on the Hilbert transform in order to detect the gear rattle phenomenon of automotive transmissions. The technique adopts the Hilbert transform to analyze experimental signals of the relative angular motion of gears starting from high-resolution optical encoder measurements. By this procedure it is possible to evaluate the severity of impacts occurring between the teeth of unloaded gears, by examining the root mean square value of the signal. The Hilbert transform is largely adopted in the detection of gear defects, such as tooth cracks, but it has not yet been used to detect gear rattle. This feasibility study highlights the capability in discriminating between impacts occurring on the two different sides of the tooth. The method puts in evidence the influence of oil lubricant between the teeth in reducing the severity of the impacts, by comparing many experimental tests performed with two different oils for transmission gears. Moreover, in order to evaluate the reliability of the proposed methodology some comparisons are conducted with a metric based on the fast Fourier transform, often adopted in this field, to highlight the goodness and simplicity of the technique based on the Hilbert transform.
Design of a speed tracking controller for heavy-duty vehicles with an all-speed governor based on a model predictive control strategy
Authors: Jiang Danna , Huang Ying , Li Gang , Hao Donghao , Zuo Zhe
Published: February 2017

In this article, a model predictive control strategy is presented for an all-speed governor of heavy-duty vehicles that satisfies the requirements of fast tracking and fuel economy. The control-oriented torque-based engine model is used for the design of a model predictive control–based speed tracking control algorithm. Two methods for improving the speed tracking and fuel economy synthesis are presented, which include engine load estimation and variable weighting factor. The engine speed and fuel mass are used to estimate the real-time engine torque. The variable weighting factor based on the driver’s intention is used to adjust the control algorithm in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that the tracking performance and fuel economy of the model predictive controller are better than that of a proportional–integral–derivative controller.
The effect of increasing operator experience on procedure-related characteristics in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting
Authors: Kouvelos George , Koutsoumpelis Andreas , Arnaoutoglou Eleni , Nassis Christos , Bouris Vasilios , Peroulis Michalis , Papadopoulos George , Matsagkas Miltiadis
Published: February 2017

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting for the treatment of severe carotid artery disease in our department and to investigate the effect of increasing operator experience on perioperative and procedure-related characteristics.

Methods

From January 2007 to February 2015 200 patients underwent 207 endovascular procedures for carotid artery stenosis. Of all, 113 arteries (56.5%) were symptomatic. Significant changes across time were calculated with the use of Change Point analysis using bootstrap and mean squared error estimates.

Results

The technical success was 98.6% (204/207 cases). Thirty-day neurological events included stroke in four patients (2%) and transient ischemic attack in two (1%). None of the patients died during the first 30 days. The most significant change of radiation duration occurred after the 33rd patient with a decrease from 25.31 min to 12.31 min, while for the total operative time that change occurred between the 31st and 33rd patient where mean operation time decreased from 88.89 min to 49.22 min. The most significant change of contrast media used occurred at the 40th patient with a decrease from 91.58 ml to 62 ml. During a mean follow-up period of 42 ± 20.02 months none of the patients experienced any cerebrovascular event. There was one case of significant recurrent stenosis, which was successfully treated by endovascular means.

Conclusions

Endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis performed in a single center with the use of a cerebral protection device seems to consist a safe therapeutic choice with acceptable results, within the referenced benchmarks proposed in the latest guidelines. Certain perioperative parameters such as the amount of contrast media used, the fluoroscopy and operation time, seem to decline overtime indicating increasing operator’s experience. A number of performed cases above 40 was related to the significant decrease of those parameters and may represent the learning curve of the procedure.
The construction of under-representation in UK and Swedish higher education: Implications for disabled students
Authors: Weedon Elisabet
Published: February 2017

This article examines the inclusion of disabled students in the UK and Swedish higher education systems. In the United Kingdom, performance indicators focus on the participation rate of disabled students in comparison with those of non-disabled students, while in Sweden there are no specific performance indicators relating to disabled students. The article notes that in both countries there is a dearth of intersectional data, recognising the heterogeneity of the disabled student population. It is argued that students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds who are also disabled may suffer a double disadvantage in accessing university and progressing through their studies. UK data show that disabled students are more likely to come from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, although this is due to the preponderance of dyslexic students who are disproportionately drawn from middle class backgrounds. The data also show that disabled students have lower progression rates than non-disabled students and that labour market outcomes differ in relation to type of impairment. The article advocates a greater focus on intersectional analysis in relation to ensuring effective support for all irrespective of impairment and social background.
Tryptase mast cell density, protease-activated receptor-2 microvascular density, and classical microvascular density evaluation in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery: possible translational relevance
Authors: Ammendola Michele , Sacco Rosario , Vescio Giuseppina , Zuccalà Valeria , Luposella Maria , Patruno Rosa , Zizzo Nicola , Gadaleta Claudia , Marech Ilaria , Ruggieri Roberta , Kocak Ibrahim Furkan , Ozgurtas Taner , Gadaleta Cosmo Damiano , Sammarco Giuseppe , Ranieri Girolamo
Published: February 2017

Background:

Mast cells (MCs) can stimulate angiogenesis, releasing several proangiogenic cytokines stored in their cytoplasm. In particular, MCs can release tryptase, a potent in vivo and in vitro proangiogenic factor via protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Nevertheless, no data are available concerning the relationship among tryptase MC density (TMCD), endothelial cells (ECs) positive to PAR-2 microvascular density (PAR-2-MVD) and classical MVD (C-MVD) in gastric cancer (GC) angiogenesis.

Methods:

In this study, we analyzed the correlation of TMCD, PAR-2-MVD, C-MVD with each other and with the main clinicopathological features in GC patients who underwent surgery. A series of 77 GC patients with stage T2-3N2-3M0 (classified by the American Joint Committee on Cancer for Gastric Cancer, 7th edition) were selected and then underwent surgery.

Results:

Tumour tissue samples were evaluated by mean of immunohistochemistry and image analysis methods in terms of numbers of TMCD, PAR-2-MVD and C-MVD. A significant correlation between the TMCD, PAR-2-MVD and C-MVD groups with each other was found by Pearson t-test analysis ( r ranged from 0.64 to 0.76; p value ranged from 0.02 to 0.03). There was no other significant correlation between the above parameters and clinicopathological features.

Conclusions:

Our in vivo preliminary data suggest that TMCD and PAR-2-MVD may play a role in GC angiogenesis and they could be further evaluated as a target of antiangiogenic therapy.
Current best practice in the management of patients after pituitary surgery
Authors: Prete Alessandro , Corsello Salvatore Maria , Salvatori Roberto
Published: February 2017

Sellar and parasellar masses are a common finding, and most of them are treated surgically via transsphenoidal approach. This type of surgery has revolutionized the approach to several hypothalamic-pituitary diseases and is usually effective, and well-tolerated by the patient. However, given the complex anatomy and high density of glandular, neurological and vascular structures in a confined space, transsphenoidal surgery harbors a substantial risk of complications. Hypopituitarism is one of the most frequent sequelae, with central adrenal insufficiency being the deficit that requires a timely diagnosis and treatment. The perioperative management of AI is influenced by the preoperative status of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Disorders of water metabolism are another common complication, and they can span from diabetes insipidus, to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, up to the rare cerebral salt-wasting syndrome. These abnormalities are often transient, but require careful monitoring and management in order to avoid abrupt variations of blood sodium levels. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks, damage to neurological structures such as the optic chiasm, and vascular complications can worsen the postoperative course after transsphenoidal surgery as well.

Finally, long-term follow up after surgery varies depending on the underlying pathology, and is most challenging in patients with acromegaly and Cushing disease, in whom failure of primary pituitary surgery is a major concern. When these pituitary functioning adenomas persist or relapse after neurosurgery other treatment options are considered, including repeated surgery, radiotherapy, and medical therapy.
Preoperative planning using the picture archiving and communication system technique in high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Kim Hee-June , Lee Hyun-Joo , Shin Ji-Yeon , Park Kyeong-Hyeon , Min Seung-Gi , Kyung Hee-Soo
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) method in order to select the correction angle and gap in open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and clinical results of the patients.

Material and methods:

This retrospective study analyzed 27 consecutive patients (30 knees) underwent open-wedge HTO using the PACS method between April 2013 and March 2015. Full-length lower limb radiographs obtained preoperatively and at the final follow-up were used to the percentages of crossing points of the weight-bearing line and tibial plateau with respect to the medial border and mechanical femur-tibia angle. Preoperatively predicted and postoperatively measured wedge angles and gaps were compared. The clinical results were evaluated using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and the Knee Society score.

Results:

At the 20.5 months (12–26.5) follow-up, the weight-bearing line on the tibial plateau was corrected from 17.3% to 61.3%, and the mechanical femur-tibia angle was corrected from 7.3° varus to 3.1° valgus. No significant difference in preoperative and postoperative measured values was observed ( p = 0.440 and p = 0.505). The mean HSS score increased from 66.7 to 88.8 ( p < 0.001). The knee score and function score of Knee Society increased from 62.0 to 88.7 ( p < 0.001) and from 60.2 to 91.7 ( p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion:

In open-wedge HTO, correction of angular deformity based on the PACS method could be an accurate correction method and the good clinical results could be obtained.
Differential ability of the dorsal and ventral rat hippocampus to exhibit group I metabotropic glutamate receptor–dependent synaptic and intrinsic plasticity
Authors: Tidball Patrick , Burn Hannah V. , Teh Kai Lun , Volianskis Arturas , Collingridge Graham L. , Fitzjohn Stephen M.
Published: February 2017

Background:

The hippocampus is critically involved in learning and memory processes. Although once considered a relatively homogenous structure, it is now clear that the hippocampus can be divided along its longitudinal axis into functionally distinct domains, responsible for the encoding of different types of memory or behaviour. Although differences in extrinsic connectivity are likely to contribute to this functional differentiation, emerging evidence now suggests that cellular and molecular differences at the level of local hippocampal circuits may also play a role.

Methods:

In this study, we have used extracellular field potential recordings to compare basal input/output function and group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent forms of synaptic and intrinsic plasticity in area CA1 of slices taken from the dorsal and ventral sectors of the adult rat hippocampus.

Results:

Using two extracellular electrodes to simultaneously record field EPSPs and population spikes, we show that dorsal and ventral hippocampal slices differ in their basal levels of excitatory synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation, and EPSP-to-Spike coupling. Furthermore, we show that slices taken from the ventral hippocampus have a greater ability than their dorsal counterparts to exhibit long-term depression of synaptic transmission and EPSP-to-Spike potentiation induced by transient application of the group I mGluR agonist ( RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine.

Conclusions:

Together, our results provide further evidence that the information processing properties of local hippocampal circuits differ in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal sectors, and that these differences may in turn contribute to the functional differentiation that exists along the hippocampal longitudinal axis.
The built environment, spatial scale, and social networks: Do land uses matter for personal network structure?
Authors: Boessen Adam , Hipp John R , Butts Carter T , Nagle Nicholas N , Smith Emily J
Published: February 2017

In this study, we examine how different features of the built environment—density, diversity of land uses, and design—have consequences for personal networks. We also consider whether different features of the built environment have consequences for the spatial location of persons to whom one is tied by considering their distribution in local area, broader city region, and a more macro spatial scale. We test these ideas with a large sample of the Western United States for three different types of ties. Our findings suggest that the built environment is crucial for personal network structure, both in the number of social ties and where they are located.
Relapse of HHV8-positive multicentric Castleman disease following rituximab-based therapy in HIV-positive patients
Authors: Pria Alessia Dalla , Pinato David , Roe Jennifer , Naresh Kikeri , Nelson Mark , Bower Mark
Published: February 2017

Key Points

HIV-associated MCD remains a relapsing remitting disease despite rituximab-based therapy. Most patients can be salvaged at relapse by retreating with rituximab, but the risk of developing HHV8-associated lymphomas remains.
Epithelial cell migration as a potential therapeutic target in early lung cancer
Authors: Millar Fraser R. , Janes Sam M. , Giangreco Adam
Published: February 2017

Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer type worldwide, with the majority of patients presenting with advanced stage disease. Targeting early stage disease pathogenesis would allow dramatic improvements in lung cancer patient survival. Recently, cell migration has been shown to be an integral process in early lung cancer ontogeny, with preinvasive lung cancer cells shown to migrate across normal epithelium prior to developing into invasive disease. TP53 mutations are the most abundant mutations in human nonsmall cell lung cancers and have been shown to increase cell migrationviaregulation of Rho-GTPase protein activity. In this review, we explore the possibility of targeting TP53-mediated Rho-GTPase activity in early lung cancer and the opportunities for translating this preclinical research into effective therapies for early stage lung cancer patients.
Procalcitonin to guide antibiotic administration in COPD exacerbations: a meta-analysis
Authors: Mathioudakis Alexander G. , Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Victoria , Corlateanu Alexandru , Vestbo Jørgen
Published: February 2017

Challenges in the differentiation of the aetiology of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) have led to significant overuse of antibiotics. Serum procalcitonin, released in response to bacterial infections, but not viral infections, could possibly identify AECOPD requiring antibiotics. In this meta-analysis we assessed the clinical effectiveness of procalcitonin-based protocols to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in patients presenting with AECOPD.

Based on a prospectively registered protocol, we reviewed the literature and selected randomised or quasi-randomised trials comparing procalcitonin-based protocols to initiate or discontinue antibioticsversusstandard care in AECOPD. We followed Cochrane and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) guidance to assess risk of bias, quality of evidence and to perform meta-analyses.

We included eight trials evaluating 1062 patients with AECOPD. Procalcitonin-based protocols decreased antibiotic prescription (relative risk (RR) 0.56, 95% CI 0.43–0.73) and total antibiotic exposure (mean difference (MD) −3.83, 95% CI (−4.32–−3.35)), without affecting clinical outcomes such as rate of treatment failure (RR 0.81, 0.62–1.06), length of hospitalisation (MD −0.76, −1.95–0.43), exacerbation recurrence rate (RR 0.96, 0.69–1.35) or mortality (RR 0.99, 0.58–1.69). However, the quality of the available evidence is low to moderate, because of methodological limitations and small overall study population.

Procalcitonin-based protocols appear to be clinically effective; however, confirmatory trials with rigorous methodology are required.
The Geopolitics of Carbonized Nature and the Zero Carbon Citizen
Authors: Ulloa Astrid
Published: February 2017

Global climate change policies present new situations for women and indigenous peoples and their territories that involve both environmental and political effects. They are connected with transnationalization scenarios and the globalization of the environment, through its incorporation into green markets and environmental services resulting in the commodification of climate. Climate change is articulated with specific geopolitics of knowledge and representations of nature. From these new scenarios surrounding climate change emerge what I call “carbonized nature” and a “zero carbon citizen” that generate specific relations of the production of knowledge with global policies. Moreover, the linkages between gender and nature also demonstrate complex associations between science, gender, and politics that are extended to indigenous peoples. However, there are alternatives and counter-representations of climate change from a local indigenous perspective.
Climate Change Music: From Environmental Aesthetics to Ecoacoustics
Authors: Burtner Matthew
Published: February 2017

Climate change music employs changing environmental conditions as instruments and procedures for music composition and performance. Using a combination of musical analysis and field journals to reveal methods of active listening and composing with climate change, this article shows how music is well suited to depict the multiply directed nature of environmental change. Further, it describes how musical harmony and orchestration can address the interacting weather conditions that form climate. Syntax of Snow and Six Ecoacoustic Quintets No. 1: Water (Ice), original compositions by the author, are discussed as examples of climate change music. Through a philosophical framework of environmental aesthetics, as articulated by Emily Brady, the article describes the emergence of a new musical tonality based on specific ecoacoustic musical techniques. It argues that this tonality arises from widely shared experiences of natural systems, the global impact of climate change, and the acute emotional response people feel to the loss or change of ecosystems.
Πρόταση δημιουργίας πρωτοκόλλου κοκκομετρικής ανάλυσης με τη μέθοδο του σιφωνίου (πιπέτας) με υποδε- καπλάσιο χρόνο ανάλυσης
Authors: Αλμπανάκης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: February 2017

In this article, the author suggests the creation of a protocol for grain size distribution analysis by pipette method, using specialized software and hardware for minimizing the time needed for analysis. The suggested protocol needs less than 45 minutes for analyzing the size distribution 4Φ to 8Φ sizes since it uses short setting distances, in relation to small pipetting volume, with increased volumetric accuracy and weighting. An Eppendorf Multipette® Stream, electronic pipette, was used with syringe type tips of 2.5 ml. The tip of this electronic pipette was modified and extended, to create a usable length of 6 cm. Small cylindrical setting tubes, 170 ml, were constructed from transparent Plexiglas, with a special cap on the top, to help smooth insertion of the pipette tip. The electronic pipette was programmed to disperse exactly 2000 μl out of 2500 μl of the total tip. Each 2000 μl pipetting had and accuracy in the order of +/- 4 μl. The samples were placed into small metallic containers and placed on top of heating plates with temperature of 65ο C, for drying. The small volume of the samples accelerates further the whole process. The weighting was performed by an electronic balance with a resolution of 0.1 μl. Using Folk (1980) equation, for setting time calculation and tables for temperature dependence of the setting time, the author created an equation that approximates the settling time for each grain size with temperature. The equation is:
Μελέτη της Τυπολογίας, της λεκάνης απορροής του Κούρη Ποταμού (Κύπρος) και των ανθρωπογενών επεμ-βάσεων, με την χρήση GIS, στα πλαίσια της Οδηγίας 2000/60ΕΕ για τα ύδατα
Authors: Ηλιάδης Μ. , Οικονομίδης Δ. , Αλμπανάκης Κ. , Βουβαλίδης Κ.
Published: February 2017

This paper was based on some of the key provisions of Directive 2000/60, which are intended to establish a framework for water protection. Senior environmental objective of Directive 2000/60 is to achieve good status for all waters by 2015. To achieve this goal, some steps followed as required by the Directive. This work was originally to determine the watershed of the river Kouris, which is the study area, located west of Limassol city (Cyprus), in an area calculated about 357km2.The main features of the river basin are indicated, such as the climatic data, geology, agriculture and livestock and also the human interventions relating to the construction of the Kouris dam and river diversion tunnel Diarizos. Additionally, there is a classification of land cover, according to the Corine land cover 2006. A description is made too, for the protected areas, covered in the study area. An application of the typology, is made, to identify the types and the water bodies as defined by the Directive 2000/60. Of the two systems which it lays down (A and B), the system B is selected because is more flexible than the system A and allows the use of additional descriptors. Due to the construction of the Kouris dam, of the impoundment of water upstream and of the absence of feeder in the downstream region, the river basin of Kouris is divided finally into two independent river basins. So it seems appropriate to apply a typology for the watershed of Kouris River in its natural state and one for the two independent river basins, which are resulting from the construction of the dam. Also two typologies are applied, for the descriptors. In one case as descriptors are selected, the altitude, the size of the river basin, the geology, and as an optional descriptor, the gradients. In the second case the selected descriptors, as applied in Cyprus, are the flow regime (continuous or non-continuous) and the annual volume of rainfall resulting from the rainfall and the size of the river basin. The results obtained for the Kouris watershed in its natural state , are 8 types and 62 water bodies, in the case of four descriptors and 3 types and 53 water bodies, in the case of the descriptors like applied in Cyprus. According to the analysis, it is obvious that System B with the use of the four descriptors defines with more accuracy the water bodies than the one applied in Cyprus.
One size doesn’t fit all: Should we reconsider the introduction of cold-stored platelets in blood bank inventories?
Authors: Berzuini Alessandra , Spreafico Marta , Prati Daniele
Published: February 2017

Platelet concentrates are universally prepared with a standard method and stored for 5 days at room temperature (20–24°C) in gentle agitation. Currently, there is a renewed interest in the possibility of storing platelet concentrates below the standard temperatures. In fact, cold platelets might be more effective in bleeding patients and have a lower risk of bacterial transmission. Inventories including platelets at different temperatures may favour patient-centred strategies for prophylactic or therapeutic transfusions.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF CREATING POLYFUNCTIONAL MODIFIERS OF MASS CONCRETES FOR RECONSTRUCTION WORKS
Authors: Косухин  , Kosukhin Mikhail , Косухин  , Kosukhin Andrey
Published: February 2017

The findings of the known research in the sphere of concretes and concrete mixes chemical modification have been generalized and systematized; the theoretical statements and methodological recommendations in creating high-performance polyfunctional modifiers have been presented. It was demonstrated that the leading role in concrete modification is played nowadays by this class of additives, as their application provides concretes and concrete mixes with a set of prescribed properties for their operation in various conditions. It was pointed out that this sector is especially relevant in mass concreting, as the most widely used in conducting building and repair works and more demanding to the quality of concretes and concrete mixes. The modifiers were classified and the requirements to modifiers with account of their workability and functional use were listed. A high-performance fungicidal polyfunctional modifier for mass concretes, containing a plasticizing agent and hydration and hardening accelerator has been synthesized. The colloid-chemical properties of the obtained modifier and the properties of concretes and concrete mixes with this modifier have been researched.
Avaliação de deficiência nos defeitos congênitos: um olhar desde a Classificação Internacional do Funcionamento, a Deficiência e a Saúde
Authors: Ortiz-Quiroga Diana Marcela , Ariza Yoseth , Pachajoa Harry
Published: February 2017

Introdução: Na atualidade, coexistem dois modelos contrapostos que têm servido como marco para a avaliação e tratamento da deficiência: o modelo reabilitador e o social. No entanto, em 2001, a OMS recorre uma terceira via de interpretação através da sintetização destes modelos, que derivam na Classificação Internacional do Funcionamento, a Deficiência e a Saúde (CIF). Objetivo: Avaliar a deficiência através da CIF, em pacientes com defeitos congênitos atendidos em um hospital de quarto nível da cidade de Cali. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 40 pacientes (crianças e adolescentes) com defeitos congênitos e seus perfis de funcionamento obtidos através da CIF. Resultados: As funções que com maior frequência reportaram-se alteradas no componente corporal foram as mentais; as neuromusculoesqueléticas e de movimento; as do sistema digestivo, metabólico e endócrino, e as sensoriais. No componente de atividades e participação, as limitações centraram-se na aprendizagem básica, mobilidade e comunicação. No componente de fatores contextuais, os profissionais da saúde e a tecnologia para brincar, foram os principais facilitadores reportados. Conclusões: A utilização de ferramentas integrais como a CIF para a avaliação, intervenção e seguimento dos pacientes com defeitos congênitos, permitirá considerar ao fenômeno da deficiência como um problema de origem social e, principalmente, como um assunto centrado na inclusão das pessoas na sociedade.
Um caso de carcinoma de tireoides de células de Hürthle. Abordando a incerteza do papel do Iodo I-131
Authors: Gutiérrez-Villamil MD Claudia , Francisco-Alonso MD Juan , Mejía-López MD Arturo , Carofilis-Mendoza MD Franklin , Arévalo-Leal MD, PhD José Sinay , Marín-Oyaga MD, MSc Víctor
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: O fim deste artigo é dar a conhecer a experiência do manejo multidisciplinar de um caso documentado de carcinoma de células de Hürthle no qual encontrou-se captação com I-131 e pelo tanto opção terapêutica com o mesmo. Presentación de caso: Trata-se de uma paciente na sexta década da vida, diagnosticada inicialmente com bócio difuso que foi tratada com terapia de substituição hormonal com análogos de tiroxina sem resposta satisfatória, pelo que se realizou biopsia tireóidea, cujo resultado reportou neoplasia de células de Hürthle de comportamento inespecífico. Realizou-se tireoidectomia oncológica e linfadenectomia. Realizou-se revisão de placas de patologia e chegou-se a um diagnóstico definitivo de carcinoma de Hürthle. Levouse o caso à junta multidisciplinar e decide-se terapia com I-131 mas este processo levou a que a terapia se realizara de forma tardia; ainda assim evidencia-se no rastreamento pós-tratamento captação em adenopatia cervical. Finalmente, apresentou recaída pulmonar 12 meses depois. Este tipo de tumor pe um desafio para os médicos tratantes pela incerteza na sua história natural, no seu tratamento e na utilidade do I-131, esta útlima é muito debatida devido à sua alta tendência à desdiferenciação e à baixa percentagem dos mesmos que apesentam captação do radiofármaco. É incerto se a paciente deste caso se tivesse conseguido beneficiar de uma terapia ablativa com I-131 mais temporã diminuindo o risco de recaída após ter-se documentado avidez tumoral pelo mesmo.
Risks from detergent exposure
Authors: Bates Nicola
Published: February 2017

Detergents are found in all households and are present in numerous types of household cleaners and toiletries. Companion animals are commonly exposed after licking up spills or drops of a cleaner on their fur, or biting into liquid detergent capsules for washing clothes. Detergents are irritant and can cause local tissue irritation to the skin, eyes, oral and respiratory mucosa. Aspiration and dermal irritation, and potentially burns, are possible complications from detergent exposure. In addition, benzalkonium chloride, a common ingredient of household disinfectant products, can cause late-onset hypersalivation, oral ulceration and hyperthermia. The aim of treatment is to control and prevent vomiting to reduce the risk of aspiration, and to manage respiratory complications signs.
The effect of two different orthoses on pain, hand function, patient satisfaction and preference in patients with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis
Authors: Vegt A. E. van der , Grond R. , Grüschke J. S. , Boomsma M. F. , Emmelot C. H. , Dijkstra P. U. , Sluis C. K. van der
Published: February 2017

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the Push Ortho Thumb Brace CMC and a custom-made orthosis in the treatment of patients with primary osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Our outcome measures were pain scores, tests of hand function, patient satisfaction and patient preference.

Patients and Methods

A multicentre crossover randomised controlled trial was conducted which included 63 patients (44 women) with primary osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Of these, 59 patients with a mean age of 60.1 years (standard deviation 8.2), completed the study. Patients used both orthoses for two weeks with a two-week washout period in-between. Pain was measured on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. Hand function was assessed using the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function test, Nine Hole Peg Test, key grip, pinch grip and Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis. Patient preference was assessed using the Dutch version of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology score.

Results

Both orthoses resulted in a minor reduction in pain scores without significant difference between the two orthoses. The Push Ortho Thumb Brace CMC interfered less with key grip (p < 0.001) and the Nine Hole Peg Test (p < 0.001) than the custom-made orthosis. The Push Ortho Thumb Brace CMC had a higher patient satisfaction (p < 0.001) and most patients preferred this orthosis for future use.

Conclusion

When considering an orthosis for osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, patients may prefer the Push Ortho Thumb Brace CMC. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:237–44.
Injuries to the upper extremities in polytrauma
Authors: Macke C. , Winkelmann M. , Mommsen P. , Probst C. , Zelle B. , Krettek C. , Zeckey C.
Published: February 2017

Aims

To analyse the influence of upper extremity trauma on the long-term outcome of polytraumatised patients.

Patients and Methods

A total of 629 multiply injured patients were included in a follow-up study at least ten years after injury (mean age 26.5 years, standard deviation 12.4). The extent of the patients’ injury was classified using the Injury Severity Score. Outcome was measured using the Hannover Score for Polytrauma Outcome (HASPOC), Short Form (SF)-12, rehabilitation duration, and employment status. Outcomes for patients with and without a fracture of the upper extremity were compared and analysed with regard to specific fracture regions and any additional brachial plexus lesion.

Results

In all, 307 multiply-injured patients with and 322 without upper extremity injuries were included in the study. The groups with and without upper limb injuries were similar with respect to demographic data and injury pattern, except for midface trauma. There were no significant differences in the long-term outcome. In patients with brachial plexus lesions there were significantly more who were unemployed, required greater retraining and a worse HASPOC.

Conclusion

Injuries to the upper extremities seem to have limited effect on long-term outcome in patients with polytrauma, as long as no injury was caused to the brachial plexus. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:255–60.
Trump and Climate Catastrophe
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: February 2017

It would be wrong…to see the new administration as simply a cabal of ignoramuses, beginning with the climate-change-denier-in-chief himself. Rather, their efforts to undermine even modest regulations and to discredit sound science are necessary parts of an attempt by carbon capital to proceed undeterred with burning of fossil fuels, as if this did not constitute a dire threat to the human species.… Today virulent anti-environmentalism, tied to a broader neo-fascist politics linked to white supremacy, is the backfire being ignited against both efforts to combat climate change and the larger movement for social and environmental justice.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Study of periodic and nonnegative periodic solutions of nonlinear neutral functional differential equations via fixed points
Authors: Mesmouli Mouataz Billah , Ardjouni Abdelouaheb , Djoudi Ahcene
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we study the existence of periodic and non-negative periodic solutions of the nonlinear neutral differential equation

d
dt

x
(
t
)
=
−
a
 
(
t
)
 
h
 
(
x
 
(
t
)
)
+

d
dt

Q
 
(
t
,
 
x
 
(
t
−
τ
 
(
t
)
)
)
+
G
 
(
t
,
 
x
(
t
)
,
 
x
 
(
t
−
τ
 
(
t
)
)
)
.

$${{\rm{d}} \over {{\rm{dt}}}}{\rm{x}}({\rm{t}}) = - {\rm{a}}\;({\rm{t}})\;{\rm{h}}\;({\rm{x}}\;({\rm{t}})) + {{\rm{d}} \over {{\rm{dt}}}}{\rm{Q}}\;({\rm{t}},\;{\rm{x}}\;({\rm{t}} - {\rm \tau} \;({\rm{t}}))) + {\rm{G}}\;({\rm{t}},\;{\rm{x}}({\rm{t}}),\;{\rm{x}}\;({\rm{t}} - {\rm \tau} \;({\rm{t}}))).$$

We invert this equation to construct a sum of a completely continuous map and a large contraction which is suitable for applying the modificatition of Krasnoselskii’s theorem. The Caratheodory condition is used for the functions Q and G.
Several identities involving the falling and rising factorials and the Cauchy, Lah, and Stirling numbers
Authors: Qi Feng , Shi Xiao-Ting , Liu Fang-Fang
Published: February 2017

In the paper, the authors find several identities, including a new recurrence relation for the Stirling numbers of the first kind, involving the falling and rising factorials and the Cauchy, Lah, and Stirling numbers.