bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of measles D4-Hamburg outbreak in Hamburg, Germany, December 2008 to June 2009, which disproportionally affected a local Roma community
Authors: Hegasy G , Kätzner K , Helle M , Mankertz A , Baumgarte S , Wille A , Fell G
Published: March 2021

From December 2008 to June 2009 a measles outbreak occurred in the Federal State of Hamburg, Germany. The outbreak affected 216 persons and was caused by a new measles strain termed D4-Hamburg which led to consecutive outbreaks between 2009 and 2011 in at least 12 European countries. Here, we describe epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak and evaluate the control measures taken in Hamburg. In one of the seven boroughs of Hamburg a local Roma community comprised more than 50% of the notified cases. We compared in a stratified analysis the age distribution of these cases with cases of fellow citizens who did not belong to the Roma community. The age group of infants (0-11 months) comprised 33% among the non-Roma measles cases, while in the Roma community only 4% belonged to this stratum. In the stratum of 5-17 year-olds only 8% were affected among the non-Roma cases, whereas in the Roma community 50% belonged to this age group. We discuss the influencing factors that might have led to this difference in age distribution between the two groups.
Salmonella Paratyphi B var Java infections associated with exposure to turtles in Bizkaia, Spain, September 2010 to October 2011
Authors: Hernández E , Rodriguez J L , Herrera-León S , García I , de Castro V , Muniozguren N
Published: March 2021

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Re-emergence of brucellosis in cattle in France and risk for human health
Authors: Mailles A , Rautureau S , Le Horgne J M , Poignet-Leroux B , d’Arnoux C , Dennetière G , Faure M , Lavigne J P , Bru J P , Garin-Bastuji B
Published: March 2021

A case of human brucellosis was diagnosed in France in January 2012. The investigation demonstrated that the case had been contaminated by raw milk cheese from a neighbouring dairy farm. As France has been officially free of bovine brucellosis since 2005, veterinary investigations are being conducted to determine the origin of the infection and avoid its spread among other herds. Hypotheses about the source of this infection are discussed.
A report on the large measles outbreak in Lyon, France, 2010 to 2011
Authors: Huoi C , Casalegno J S , Bénet T , Neuraz A , Billaud G , Eibach D , Mekki Y , Rudigoz R , Massardier J , Huissoud C , Massoud M , Gaucherand P , Claris O , Gillet Y , Floret D , Lina B , Vanhems P
Published: March 2021

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Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in Dutch travellers returning from Spain, August 2012
Authors: Meijer A , Jonges M , van Beek P , Swaan C M , Osterhaus A D , Daniels R S , Hurt A C , Koopmans M P
Published: March 2021

Two Dutch travellers were infected with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses with an H275Y neuraminidase substitution in early August 2012. Both cases were probably infected during separate holidays at the Catalonian coast (Spain). No epidemiological connection between the two cases was found, and neither of them was treated with oseltamivir before specimen collection. Genetic analysis of the neuraminidase gene revealed the presence of previously described permissive mutations that may increase the likelihood of such strains emerging and spreading widely.
An outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease associated with a display spa pool in retail premises, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom, July 2012
Authors: Coetzee N , Duggal H , Hawker J , Ibbotson S , Harrison T  G , Phin N , Laza-Stanca V , Johnston R , Iqbal Z , Rehman Y , Knapper E , Robinson S , Aigbogun N
Published: March 2021

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Influenza-associated hospitalisations in Finland from 1996 to 2010: unexpected age-specific burden during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic from 2009 to 2010
Authors: Jacks A , Ollgren J , Ziegler T , Lyytikäinen O
Published: March 2021

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The United Kingdom public health response to an imported laboratory confirmed case of a novel coronavirus in September 2012
Authors: Pebody R  G , Chand M A , Thomas H L , Green H K , Boddington N L , Carvalho C , Brown C S , Anderson S R , Rooney C , Crawley-Boevey E , Irwin D J , Aarons E , Tong C , Newsholme W , Price N , Langrish C , Tucker D , Zhao H , Phin N , Crofts J , Bermingham A , Gilgunn-Jones E , Brown K E , Evans B , Catchpole M , Watson J  M
Published: March 2021

On 22 September 2012, a novel coronavirus, very closely related to that from a fatal case in Saudi Arabia three months previously, was detected in a previously well adult transferred to intensive care in London from Qatar with severe respiratory illness. Strict respiratory isolation was instituted. Ten days after last exposure, none of 64 close contacts had developed severe disease, with 13 of 64 reporting mild respiratory symptoms. The novel coronavirus was not detected in 10 of 10 symptomatic contacts tested.
The Hajj: updated health hazards and current recommendations for 2012
Authors: Al-Tawfiq J A , Memish Z A
Published: March 2021

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Incubation period as part of the case definition of severe respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus
Authors: Nishiura H , Mizumoto K , Ejima M , Zhong Y , Cowling B J , Omori R
Published: March 2021

Non-specific symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections make it difficult for many countries without ongoing transmission of a novel coronavirus to rule out other possibilities including influenza before isolating imported febrile individuals with a possible exposure history. The incubation period helps differential diagnosis, and up to two days is suggestive of influenza. It is worth including the incubation period in the case definition of novel coronavirus infection.
Listeriosis outbreak caused by Latin-style fresh cheese, Bizkaia, Spain, August 2012
Authors: de Castro V , Escudero J M , Rodriguez J L , Muniozguren N , Uribarri J , Saez D , Vazquez J
Published: March 2021

Two cases of laboratory-confirmed listeriosis were detected in Bizkaia, Spain, at the end of August. The epidemiological investigation indicated that these two cases were associated with the consumption of Latin-style fresh cheese made from pasteurised milk in Portugal. Different batches of the same cheese were analysed and confirmed as contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. The product was withdrawn from the market and the population was advised not to consume this kind of cheese.
Measles outbreak in Andalusia, Spain, January to August 2011
Authors: Mayoral Cortés J M , Pérez Morilla E , Gallardo García V , Navarro Marí J M , Pérez Ruiz M , Hermosilla R , Díaz-Borrego J , Rodríguez Romero E , Ruiz Fernandez J
Published: March 2021

On 7 January 2011, a six year-old child living in a Roma community near Seville, southern Spain, was hospitalised with measles. Contact tracing identified a probable index case with onset of symptoms on 20 December 2011 and several unreported cases among children under the age of 15 years in the same town. The outbreak initially spread in districts in the city of Seville with a high proportion of Roma residents, and later to other cities and towns in Andalusia. While some towns experienced wide spread of the disease with significant clusters of cases, most of the affected locations saw non-clustered cases or very few secondary cases. The outbreak resulted in 1,759 confirmed or probable cases of which 393 (19%) required hospitalisation. Measles virus of genotype D4 was diagnosed in more than half of the cases. Significant differences (p<0.0001) by age group were found between clustered and non-clustered cases. The highest proportion of clustered cases occurred in the age group of 5-14 year-olds, while the highest proportion of non-clustered cases was seen in those older than 29 years. The last confirmed case related to this outbreak was reported on 20 August 2011.
Recurrent pyelonephritis due to NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient returning from Serbia, France, 2012
Authors: Flateau C , Janvier F , Delacour H , Males S , Ficko C , Andriamanantena D , Jeannot K , Mérens A , Rapp C
Published: March 2021

We describe the first isolation in France of a New-Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In March 2012, a patient with history of prior hospitalisation in Serbia was diagnosed in France with acute pyelonephritis due to NDM-1 producing P. aeruginosa. Clinical and microbiological cure was obtained under appropriate antibiotic treatment. Two months later, she presented with a recurrence due to the same bacteria, with a favourable evolution. During both hospitalisations, contact isolation precautions were implemented and no cross-transmission was observed.
Indications for worldwide increased norovirus activity associated with emergence of a new variant of genotype II.4, late 2012
Authors: van Beek J , Ambert-Balay K , Botteldoorn N , Eden J S , Fonager J , Hewitt J , Iritani N , Kroneman A , Vennema H , Vinjé J , White P A , Koopmans M , on behalf of NoroNet Collective
Published: March 2021

Globally, surveillance systems showed an increase in norovirus activity in late 2012. Molecular data shared through the NoroNet network suggest that this increase is related to the emergence of a new norovirus genotype II.4 variant, termed Sydney 2012. Healthcare institutions are advised to be prepared for a severe norovirus season.
A verocytotoxin-producing E. coli outbreak with a surprisingly high risk of haemolytic uraemic syndrome, Denmark, September-October 2012
Authors: Soborg B , Lassen S G , Muller L , Jensen T , Ethelberg S , Mølbak K , Scheutz F
Published: March 2021

Denmark faced an outbreak of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) O157:H7 infections in autumn 2012. Thirteen cases were diagnosed of which eight had haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Epidemiological investigations suggested ground beef as the vehicle of the outbreak. The outbreak strain had a rare toxin gene subtype profile: eae, vtx1a and vtx2a, and a high proportion of HUS (62%) among cases, a finding previously linked with the outbreak subtype profile. Toxin subtyping can be useful to identify high risk VTEC strains.
Hospital-acquired infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms in Hungary, 2005-2010
Authors: Caini S , Hajdu A , Kurcz A , Böröcz K
Published: March 2021

Healthcare-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms are associated with prolonged medical care, worse outcome and costly therapies. In Hungary, hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) due to epidemiologically important multidrug-resistant organisms are notifiable by law since 2004. Overall, 6,845 case-patients (59.8% men; median age: 65 years) were notified in Hungary from 2005 to 2010. One third of case-patients died in hospital. The overall incidence of infections increased from 5.4 in 2005 to 14.7 per 100,000 patient-days in 2010. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was the most frequently reported pathogen (52.2%), but while its incidence seemed to stabilise after 2007, notifications of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms have significantly increased from 2005 to 2010. Surgical wound and bloodstream were the most frequently reported sites of infection. Although MRSA incidence has seemingly reached a plateau in recent years, actions aiming at reducing the burden of HAIs with special focus on Gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms are needed in Hungary. Continuing promotion of antimicrobial stewardship, infection control methodologies, reinforced HAI surveillance among healthcare and infection control practitioners, and engagement of stakeholders, hospital managers and public health authorities to facilitate the implementation of existing guidelines and protocols are essential.
Within-patient emergence of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 HA1 222G variant and clear association with severe disease, Norway
Authors: Rykkvin R , Kilander A , Dudman S G , Hungnes O
Published: March 2021

The association between a particular mutation in the HA1 subunit of the influenza virus haemagglutinin, D222G, and severe and fatal disease in cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Norway during the 2009 pandemic was investigated using pyrosequencing. The prevalence of the variant among fatal cases was 8/26 and among severe non-fatal cases 5/52. No D222G mutations were found among the 381 mild cases. This difference could not be attributed to sampling differences, such as body location of sampling, or duration of illness. In cases with mutant virus where clinical specimens from different days of illness were available, transition from wild-type to mutant virus was commonly observed (4/5), indicating that the mutant virus emerged sporadically in individual patients. In patients with paired samples from both the upper and lower respiratory tract (n=8), the same viral genotypes were detected in both locations. In most of the D222G cases (11/13), the mutant virus was found as a quasispecies.
Real-time laboratory surveillance of sexually-transmissible infections in Marseille University hospitals reveals rise of gonorrhoea, syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus seroconversions in 2012
Authors: Colson P , Gouriet F , Badiaga S , Tamalet C , Stein A , Raoult D
Published: March 2021

Real-time systematic monitoring of the number of infections diagnosed in our clinical microbiology laboratory in Marseille recently drew attention to the fact that the incidence of gonorrhoea was 10-fold greater from September through December 2012 than during same months of previous years. We also found an increase in the annual incidence of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion. Our system allowed timely identification of an increase in sexually-transmitted infections in Marseille for the whole year of 2012.
Imported dengue virus serotype 1 from Madeira to Finland 2012
Authors: Huhtamo E , Korhonen E M , Vapalahti O
Published: March 2021

Imported dengue cases originating from the Madeiran outbreak are increasingly reported. In 2012 five Finnish travellers returning from Madeira were diagnosed with dengue fever.
Rapid emergence and antigenic diversification of the norovirus 2012 Sydney variant in Denmark, October to December, 2012
Authors: Fonager J , Hindbæk L S , Fischer T K
Published: March 2021

The norovirus (NoV) season in Denmark in late 2012 was characterised by an increase in the number of NoV infections caused mainly by the 2012 Sydney variant, but also by the 2009 New Orleans variant. Analysis of approximately 85% of the capsid gene from 10 Sydney 2012 and 9 New Orleans 2009 isolates showed rapid antigenic diversification of the Sydney 2012 variant shortly after its emergence. We also present new primers useful for transmission tracking.
Challenges in diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the European Union, 2011
Authors: Solovic I , Jonsson J , Korzeniewska- Koseła M , Chiotan D I , Pace-Asciak A , Slump E , Rumetshofer R , Abubakar I , Kos S , Svetina-Sorli P , Haas W , Bauer T , Sandgren A , van der Werf M J
Published: March 2021

In the European Union (EU) 72,334 tuberculosis (TB) cases were notified in 2011, of which 16,116 (22%) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). The percentage of TB cases with EPTB ranged from 4% to 48% in the reporting countries. This difference might be explained by differences in risk factors for EPTB or challenges in diagnosis. To assess the practices in diagnosis of EPTB we asked European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries to participate in a report describing the diagnostic procedures and challenges in diagnosing EPTB. Eleven EU Member States participated and reports showed that in the majority EPTB is diagnosed by a pulmonologist, sometimes in collaboration with the doctor who is specialised in the organ where the symptoms presented. In most countries a medical history and examination is followed by invasive procedures, puncture or biopsy, to collect material for confirmation of the disease (by culture/histology/cytology). Some countries also use the tuberculin skin test or an interferon-gamma-release-assay. A wide variety of radiological tests may be used. Countries that reported challenges in the diagnosis of EPTB reported that EPTB is often not considered because it is a rare disease and most medical professionals will not have experience in diagnosing EPTB. The fact that EPTB can present with a variety of symptoms that may mimic symptoms of other pathologies does pose a further challenge in diagnosis. In addition, obtaining an appropriate sample for confirmation of EPTB was frequently mentioned as a challenge. In summary, diagnosis of EPTB poses challenges due to the diversity of symptoms with which EPTB may present, the low level of suspicion of clinicians, and due to the difficulty in obtaining an adequate sample for confirmation.
Barebacking among men who have sex with men recruited through a Swedish website: associations with sexual activities at last sexual encounter
Authors: Berg R C , Tikkanen R , Ross M W
Published: March 2021

The research topic of barebacking emerged in the mid-1990s. Since then, a multitude of studies, largely from the United States, have produced invaluable knowledge of factors that help explain the behaviour among men who have sex with men (MSM), and that may contribute to HIV risk reduction programming and advice to counsellors working with barebackers. Given the scant empirical research about barebacking among European MSM, we conducted a survey among 3,634 MSM recruited through a web community in Nordic countries. The objectives of the study were twofold: to describe the sexual activities associated with barebacking behaviour at last sexual encounter, and to evaluate the relationship of barebacking with relevant variables. Men who reported barebacking (n=356) and men who did not (n=3,278) were compared. On the basis of the results of the analyses, the socio-sexual profile of barebackers drawn was one that is at increased risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections due to their sexual practices, particularly unprotected anal intercourse, but also group sex and rimming. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of engaging in barebacking was higher for MSM who reported more frequent HIV testing (odds ratio (OR)=5.16), a higher number of female sex partners (OR=16.80), using gay cruising places (OR=1.51) and gay chat rooms (OR=2.11).
Prevailing effectiveness of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine during the 2010/11 season in Sweden
Authors: Widgren K , Magnusson M , Hagstam P , Widerström M , Örtqvist Å , Einemo I M , Follin P , Lindblom A , Mäkitalo S , Wik O , Österlund A , Grünewald M , Uhnoo I , Linde A
Published: March 2021

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Déjà vu: Ralstonia mannitolilytica infection associated with a humidifying respiratory therapy device, Israel, June to July 2011
Authors: Block C , Ergaz-Shaltiel Z , Valinsky L , Temper V , Hidalgo-Grass C , Minster N , Weissman C , Benenson S , Jaffe J , Moses A E , Bar-Oz B
Published: March 2021

Following a bloodstream infection in June 2011 with Ralstonia mannitolilytica in a premature infant treated with a humidifying respiratory therapy device, an investigation was initiated at the Hadassah Medical Centres in Jerusalem. The device delivers a warmed and humidified mixture of air and oxygen to patients by nasal cannula. The investigation revealed colonisation with R. mannitolilytica of two of 15 patients and contamination of components of five of six devices deployed in the premature units of the Hadassah hospitals. Ten isolates from the investigation were highly related and indistinguishable from isolates described in an outbreak in 2005 in the United States (US). Measures successful in containing the US outbreak were not included in user instructions provided to our hospitals by the distributor of the device.
Outbreak with a novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China - scenarios and triggers for assessing risks and planning responses in the European Union, May 2013
Authors: Schenk C , Plachouras D , Danielsson N , Nicoll A , Robesyn E , Coulombier D
Published: March 2021

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Logos as a Source of Communicative Pressure Confrontation in Various Types of Discourse
Authors: Trofimova Valeria A.
Published: March 2021

The paper dwells upon the study of logos as one of the sources of communicative pressure destructiveness. The paper considers peculiarities of realizing logos conflictogenes in various types of discourse: legal, socio-political and artistic. The material for the study is represented by transcripts of the lawyers’ speeches in the courtroom, transcripts of the politicians’ speeches in the parliament and socio-political talk shows, interviews, as well as excerpts from the works of art. With the language norm adopted as a speech standard, it is proposed to single out argumentation as an individual non-rhetorical type of persuasion. Rhetorical types of persuasion distinguish between speech persuasion as a cooperative type and communicative pressure as a confrontational type. Introduction of conflictogenes into one or more components of the speech model qualifies the speech persuasion as communicative pressure. A logos conflictogene is represented by an illogical statement caused by violation of the laws of formal logic. It is concluded that conflictogenes can perform their primary and secondary functions on the basis of which their possible combinations in the communicative pressure speech model are presented. The paper establishes the primary nature of logos conflictogenes. Moreover, their implementation in the speech model leads to the formation of secondary conflictogenes in the ethos. Although logos conflictogenes can realize the primary source of communicative pressure confrontation, most often they are accompanied by primary conflictogenes of the other components in the speech model. As a rule, it is stipulated by the lack of valid arguments which makes the addresser intensify speech persuasion by appealing to the emotional sphere of the addressee’s consciousness. Logos conflictogenes realizing communicative pressure should be distinguished from communicative errors, which are of an accidental unintentional nature and do not serve the pragmatic goal of the statement.
BITCOIN İLE AVRO VE DOLAR ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: GÜRBÜZ M.alper , ZEREN Feyyaz
Published: March 2021

Kripto para kavramıyla birlikte kullanım alanı bulan, dijital uygulamalarla iki taraflı şifreleme tekniklerini kullanan ve belli bir merkezin otoritesine bağlı olmadan dolanımda olan para Bitcoin olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Bitcoin olarak adlandırılan bu yeni şifrelenmiş paranın dolar ve avro ile olan ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. 28 Ağustos 2011 – 15 Mart 2020 tarihleri arasındaki dönemden oluşan haftalık verilerin kullanıldığı çalışmada ilk olarak Carrion‐i‐Silvestre (2009) birim kök testi ve sonra da Maki (2012) eşbütünleşme testi uygulanarak Bitcoin ve döviz kurları ilişkisi analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Bitcoin ile hem dolar hem de avro arasında uzun dönemli ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda elindeki mevduatını avro ya da dolarda tutan bir yatırımcının sanal piyasalarda Bitcoin’e yatırım yapması riskini minimize ederek portföy çeşitlendirmesi yapmak adına yararlı olmayacaktır.
Mitigation of Salinity Effects by Salicylic Acid Priming on Germination and Physiological Characteristics of Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia L.)
Authors: SİAVASH MOGHADDAM Sina , POURAKBAR Latifeh , RAHIMI Amir , JANGJOO Faegheh
Published: March 2021

Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses affecting the growth and yield of the plants. The effect of salicylic acid (SA) on growth, germination, and some physiological traits of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) exposed to salinity was studied in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments were composed of salinity at three levels of 0, 50 and 100 mM and SA priming at three rates of 0, 0.1 and 0.2 mM. The results showed that as salinity was increased, germination and the related traits, seedling growth, and the Hill reaction rate were declined, but mean germination time and cell death were increased. SA application at the rates of 0.1 and 0.2 mM improved these parameters as compared to control. At the salinity levels of 50 and 100 mM, SA rates of 0.2 and 0.1 mM imposed the strongest effect on germination parameters and plant growth. At the salinity level of 100 mM, SA rate of 0.2 mM was more effective on leaf relative water content, seedling fresh weight, root and stem length, and root and stem fresh weight. At different levels of salinity, 0.2 mM SA increased the Hill reaction rate and cell death of bitter vetch. The application of SA under salinity stress for improvement of germination parameters, seedling growth, and physiological traits of bitter vetch could be recommended.
Bazı Fidanlıklarda Görülen Toprak Kökenli Fungusların Belirlenmesi
Authors: UYSAL Aysun , KURT Şener , KARA Merve , SOYLU Soner , SOYLU Emine Mine
Published: March 2021

Gaziantep Orman Fidanlık Şefliği, Osmaniye Orman Fidanlık Şefliği, Hatay Serinyol Orman Fidanlık Şefliği ve HMKÜ kampüs fidanlık alanında 14 farklı peyzaj bitkisi türünden toplam 98 adet hastalıklı fidan örneği toplanmıştır. Bu örneklerin 81’inde, toprak kökenli hastalık etmenleri saptanmıştır. Bu etmenlerin tanılanmasına yönelik olarak morfolojik sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde; farklı konukçulardan elde edilen hastalık etmenlerinden 12 adedi, Ceratobasidium sp, 8’i Fusarium, 14’ü Macrophomina, 13’ü Rhizoctonia, 4’ü Phytophthora ve 10’u Dactylonectria olarak saptanmış; geriye kalan 20 tanesi de Phoma, Pestalotiopsis, Diaporthe, Didymella ve Neopestalotiopsis fungusları olarak belirlenmiştir. Moleküler çalışmalar kapsamında ITS1-4 primeri ile yapılan PCR çalışmaları ve DNA dizileme sonuçlarına göre tür düzeyinde tanıları yapılmıştır. Temsili seçilen 16 izolatın, NCBI GenBankası kütüphanesinden erişim numaraları alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, fidan sağlığını gözeterek fidanlıklarda her türlü mücadele yöntemlerinin bir arada etkili ve sürdürülebilir şekilde uygulanması, peyzaj sahalarının korunmasında önemli bir yer tutacaktır.
Geçmişten Günümüze Genetik ve Kromozom Mühendisliği Çalışmalarının Sürdürülebilir Tarım ve Bitki Islahına Katkısı
Authors: KARA ÖZTÜRK Sevim , YILDIRIM Bilge , YILDIZ Hümeyra , TEK Ahmet L.
Published: March 2021

2050 yılında nüfusun 9.2 milyara ulaşacağı ve dünya genelinde eşit ve insani temel ihtiyaçlara olan taleplerin karşılanması gerektiği öngörülmektedir. Günümüze kadar, tarımsal üretimin arttırılmasına yönelik çeşitli çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte birim alandan daha yüksek verim alınmasını sağlayan yeni teknoloji ve yöntemlerin geliştirilip bitki ıslah programlarına entegre edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu entegrasyon sayesinde hem sürdürülebilir tarım anlayışına uyumsuz aşırı girdi ve mekanizasyon kullanımı azaltılabilecek hem de bitki biyolojisi, evrimi, genom yapısı anlaşılarak tarımda verimlilik arttırılabilecektir. Ayrıca genetik çeşitlilikten yararlanılması, model bitkilerden sağlanan verilerin bitki ıslah programlarına adapte edilmesi, yetim bitkilerin genetik kaynak potansiyelinin kullanılmasına yönelik çalışmalar yeni genotiplerin eldesine katkı sağlayacaktır. Bugüne kadar gen transformasyonu, DNA dizilemesi, genom haritalaması ve genom düzenleme gibi modern teknolojiler bitkilerde genom yapısının anlaşılmasında etkin rol oynamıştır. FISH, GISH, telomer aracılığıyla kromozom kesimi, minikromozomlar, organizmalar arası sintenik kromozomal lokuslarının saptanması, tekrarlayan DNA elementlerinin keşfi ve yapısal CENH3 proteininin kullanımı gibi çok sayıda kromozom mühendisliği yöntemleri de tarımsal gelişmede itici güç oluşturacaktır. Temel bilimlerdeki ilerlemelerden faydalanan tarımsal araştırmalar uzun vadede istenilen amaca ulaşmayı destekleyecek ve gelecekte kromozom mühendisliği yöntemleri özelinde tarımsal üretimin artırılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Tüm bunlara ek olarak, bu derleme makalesinde bir araya getirilen güncel ve hızlı gelişen disiplinler arası tematik çalışmalar ve aynı zamanda tarım, ıslah ve genetik disiplinlerinden sentezlenen perspektiflerin, bu alanlarda çalışan araştırmacılara yönlendirici bir tartışma platformu sunması hedeflenmiştir.
Bazı Turunçgil Melezlerinin in vitro Koşullarda Mikroçoğaltım ve Köklenme Performanslarının Araştırılması
Authors: KURTULUŞ Oğuzcan , DÖNMEZ Dicle , BİÇEN Belgin , ŞİMŞEK Özhan , ÇİMEN Berken , YEŞİLOĞLU Turgut , KÜDEN Ayzin , AKA KAÇAR Yıldız
Published: March 2021

Turunçgiller yetiştiriciliği yapılan en önemli ve yüksek tür çeşitliliğine sahip meyve gruplarından biridir. Taze olarak tüketilmesi ve farklı endüstrilerde ham madde olarak kullanılması turunçgillerin önemini artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle turunçgillerde yeni çeşit ve anaç geliştirme çalışmaları oldukça önemlidir. Melezleme çalışmaları sonucunda elde edilen değerli bitkilerin çoğaltılması için bitki doku kültürü çalışmaları güçlü bir alternatiftir. Bu çalışmada, Sunki mandarin X Rubidoux üç yapraklı melezlerinin in vitro koşullarda mikroçoğaltımında genotip ve farklı besin ortamlarının (Murashige and Skoog Medium -MS, Woody Plant Medium -WPM, Rugini Olive Medium -ROM) etkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bitkilerin köklendirilmesi üzerine genotip ve farklı bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerin (indol bütirik asit - IBA ve naftalen asetik asit - NAA) etkisi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen köklü bitkiler dış koşullara alıştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan genotiplerden mikroçoğaltım aşamasında en başarılı genotipler SR-60 ve SR-75 olurken, köklenme aşamasında en başarılı genotipler SR-41, SR-47 ve SR-60 olmuştur. Besin ortamlarının mikroçoğaltım üzerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Köklenme denemelerinde bitki boyu ve kök uzunluğu için en başarılı bitki büyüme düzenleyici IBA, kök sayısı için en başarılı bitki büyüme düzenleyici ise NAA olarak belirlenmiştir.
Investigation of Drought Tolerance of Dwarf Landrace Phaseolus vulgaris L. Genotypes
Authors: ULUKAPI Kamile , NASIRCILAR Ayşe Gül
Published: March 2021

Landrace genotypes which are important gene resources, are used as starting material in breeding studies. Common beans are sensitive to abiotic stress. For this reason, early screening tests performed under stress conditions will provide convenience for breeders to perform the breeding process accurately and fast. In this study, an early-stage drought stress index was formed for fifteen genotypes whose salt tolerance indices were determined previously. For this purpose, genotypes were exposed to four different drought stresses until the first flowering period [25% (I25), 50% (I50), 75% (I75), and 100% (I100)]. As drought-related plant growth parameters to determine the drought adaptability of genotypes; shoot length (cm), root length (cm), shoot fresh and dry weight (g), root fresh and dry weight (g), leaf width and length (cm), stem diameter (cm) and stomatal conductance were measured. Later, genotypes were classified according to the drought stress index. It was determined that genotypes and drought stress had a statistically significant effect on all parameters examined, and Genotype x Drought interaction for all properties to be significant at the 0.01 level. According to the drought stress index data, three of the genotypes (ADY4, AGB1 and AGB5) were moderately sensitive and twelve (AGun6, AGun19, AGun25, BKara1-A, Bkara2, BY4, BY24, ISGa1, ISGa7, ISGa10, IYoz10 and IYoz14) were sensitive. In conclusion, although the studied genotypes were not drought tolerant, this was determined in the early stage using the drought tolerance index. This study is important as an example of the early classification of vegetable genotypes using drought tolerance indexes in future studies.
Effects of Endophytic Bacteria on Some Physiological Traits and Nutrient Contents in Pepper Seedlings under Drought Stress
Authors: SADAK Aynur , AKKÖPRÜ Ahmet , ŞENSOY Suat
Published: March 2021

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of the endophytic bacteria (EB) on some physiological traits and nutrient contents in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings grown under drought stress. The pepper cv. Mostar F1 and two EB isolates [Bacillus thurigiensis (CA41/1) and Ochrobactrum sp. (CB36/1)] were employed under drought stress condition. The first EB application was at a density of 108 CFU mL-1 as 10 mL plant-1 at the first cotyledon leaf stage and the second one was two weeks later. The seedlings were irrigated by gravimetric method on a regular basis every two days. Twenty days after EB application, irrigation was terminated completely in half of the applications in order to form drought stress for 7 days. Among the studied traits, membrane damage index, leaf relative water content, amount of malondialdehyde, catalase enzyme activity, ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity, and the contents of some mineral elements (K, Ca and Mg) were significantly different in drought stressed seedlings compared the control (regularly irrigated) seedlings. EB (Especially CA41/1) had generally positive effects on most studied traits, whereas drought stress had generally negative effects on the mentioned traits. There might be a high potential of EB fighting against drought stress in pepper; however, one keeps in mind that there is variation in the performance of EB; therefore, the best EB combinations have to be determined even for cultivars in each plant species in future studies.
Farklı yetiştirme koşullarının zencefil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)’in verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkileri
Authors: UYSAL BAYAR Fatma , KAYA Ayşe Serpil , ÇINAR Orçun
Published: March 2021

Zencefil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Zingiberaceae familyasına dahil olup, antik çağlardan beri bilinen bir bitkidir. Günümüzde, birçok sektörde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile dünya pazarında ekonomik değeri yüksek ve ithalata konu olan zencefilin, sera ve gölge alanda, farklı dikim zamanlarındaki verim ve kalite paramatrelerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, bitki boyu (cm), gövde sayısı (adet), taze ve kuru yumru ağırlığı (g bitki1), 6-shogaol, 6-gingerol, uçucu yağ oranı (%) ve uçucu yağ bileşen (%) parametreleri 2 yıl süreyle gözlemlenmiştir. En uzun bitki boyu 126.92 cm olarak belirlenirken en fazla gövde sayısı 14.75 adet bitki-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama taze yumru ağırlığı 642.00-1065.00 g bitki-1 arasında değişim gösterirken, ortalama kuru yumru ağırlığı 642.00-1076.00 g bitki-1 arasında değişim göstermiştir. 6-shogaol en yüksek 4.06 mg g-1 olarak tespit edilirken, en yüksek gingerol miktarı 7.19 mg g-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ortalama uçucu yağ oranları %0.89-1.40 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Ayrıca uçucu yağda ortalama zingiberene, beta sesquiphellandrene ve beta bisabolene sırasıyla %37.40-42.73, %20.05-23.38 ve %6.23-13.53 oranları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile zencefile ait ülkemizde adaptasyon çalışmaları başlamış olup, Antalya’da sera koşullarında, şubat dikimi en uygun dikim zamanı olarak belirlenmiştir.
Sayısal renk parametreleri ile toprak özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiye toprak horizonlarının etkisi
Authors: GÖZÜKARA Gafur , DEMİREL Bayram Çağdaş , ALTUNBAŞ Sevda
Published: March 2021

Toprak rengi, morfolojik, fiziksel, kimyasal ve mineralojik özellikler hakkında önemli bir veri kaynağıdır. Bu nedenle toprak bilimcileri, toprak horizon sınırlarının belirlenmesinde, renkteki farklıklardan faydalanmaktadırlar. Bu araştırmanın amacı A ve C horizonlarından alınan toprakların bazı fiziksel-kimyasal özellikleri ile sayısal renk parametreleri (L, a ve b) arasındaki ilişkiye etkisini belirlemektir. Alüviyal arazinin üst ve alt zonlarında bulunan 17 toprak profilinin A ve C horizonlarından toplam 91 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. Toprak örneklerinde sayısal renk parametre değerleri (L, a ve b), tekstür, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, kireç, organik madde, değişebilir K, Na, Ca+Mg, katyon değişim kapasitesi analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Toprağın A horizonlarında L değeri ile pH (0.77**) ve kireç (0.82**) arasında, a değeri ile kum (0.54**), Ca+Mg (-0.65**) ve KDK (-0.65**) arasında ve b değeri ile kum (0.52**), Ca+ Mg (-0.55**) ve KDK (-0.56**) arasında önemli korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toprağın C horizonlarında L değeri ile silt (0.57**), pH (0.65**), kireç (0.81**) ve K (-0.50**), a değeri ile kil (-0.58**) ve kum (0.48**) arasında ve b değeri ile kil (-0.55**) ve kireç (0.68**) arasında önemli korelasyon olduğu bulunmuştur. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analiz sonuçlarına göre; A horizonlarında L ve a değerleri ile pH (R2= 0.68) ve a ve b değerleri ile kireç (R2= 0.73) içeriğinin, C horizonlarında ise L, a ve b değerleri ile kireç içeriğinin tespit edilebileceği belirlenmiştir. Sayısal renk parametrelerinin (L, a ve b), pH ve kireç içeriğinin belirlenmesinde güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılabileceği ancak, bu performansın horizon farklılığından da (A ve C) etkilendiği belirlenmiştir.
Tüketicilerin organik ürünleri tüketim alışkanlıkları ve satın almayı etkileyen unsurlar: Kahramanmaraş ili örneği
Authors: KEKEÇ Uğur , SEÇER Arzu
Published: March 2021

Tarımın çevre üzerine yapmış olduğu olumsuz etkiler nedeniyle organik tarım büyük önem kazanmış, organik ürünlerin üretiminin ve tüketimin artırılmasına yönelik faaliyetler artmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı Kahramanmaraş İlinde tüketicilerin organik ürün tüketim alışkanlıklarını ve satın almayı etkileyen unsurları ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın ana materyalini tüketicilerle yüz yüze görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen birincil veriler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada 101 kişi ile görüşme yapılmış ve veriler frekans, ortalama ve oranlar hesaplanarak sunulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; tüketicilerin yaklaşık yarısı (% 48.5) organik ürünleri “kimyasal içermeyen ürün” olarak tanımlamış ve bu ürünleri tüketmeyi tercih etmelerinin en önemli sebebinin sağlık problemleri olarak belirtmişlerdir. Tüketicilerin organik ürün tüketmelerinin sebepleri, bu ürünlerin üretiminde daha az kimyasal girdi ve hormon kullanılması ile insan saglığı açısından GDO’lu tohumlar içermemesidir. Tüketicilere göre organik ürünlerin tüketimini engelleyen en önemli unsurlar ise gelir düzeyindeki yetersizlikler ve yeterli bilgiye sahip olunmamasıdır.
Mikrobiyal gübre ve vermikompost uygulamalarının baş salata (Lactuca sativa L. var capitata) yetiştiriciliğinde bitki gelişimi, verim ve nitrat içeriğine etkisi
Authors: ALTUNLU Hakan
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada toprağa vermikompost ve mikrobiyal gübre uygulamalarının baş salata (Lactuca sativa L. var capitata cv Bombola ) yetiştiriciliğinde bitki gelişimi, verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. PE sera koşullarına yapılan çalışmada parsel büyüklüğü 20 m2 olup, bir adet kimyasal gübreleme (KG) ile 4 farklı vermikompost (0, 100, 200 ve 400 kg da-1) ve 2 farklı dozda ticari mikrobiyal gübre (M- ve M+) dozu 3 tekerrürlü olmak üzere tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre uygulanmıştır. Mikrobiyal gübre uygulaması tohuma uygulama ve dikim sonrası olarak iki defada yapılmıştır. Hasat edilen bitkilerde verim, bitki gelişimi ve kalitesini belirlemek için, ortalama baş ağırlığı (g bitki-1), toplam verim (kg m-2), baş boyu (cm), baş çapı (cm), baş yaş ağırlığı (g), baş kuru ağırlığı (g), yaprak rengi (L, a, b, croma, hue), pH, suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) (%), askorbik asit (Vitamin C) miktarı (mg 100 g-1) ve nitrat içeriği (mg kg-1) ölçülmüştür. Deneme sonuçlarına göre, 400 kg da-1 vermikompost ve mikrobiyal gübre uygulamasının kimyasal gübreleme ile aynı şekilde bitki gelişimi oluşturduğu ve elde edilen bitkilerin renk ve diğer kalite kriterleri bakımın daha iyi olduğu, insan sağlığı açısından risk oluşturan nitrat birikimin ise kimyasal gübrelemeye göre önemli ölçüde azaldığı saptanmıştır.
Ecology Service Tumbuhan Herba untuk Lebah Trigona sp.
Authors: . RISMAYANTI , . TRIADIATI , RAFFIUDIN RIKA
Published: March 2021

Herbaceous plants are able to flower any time, give them opportunity to interact with insects. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of pollen collected by Trigona sp. in herbaceous ecosystem and counted the percentage of pollen viability from the pollen basket. Trigona’s nest was adapted at plot and the herbaceous plants with their pollen were identified. Pollen were took from hind legs at 07.00, 08.00 and 09.00 am. Pollen slide were make by acetolysis and SEM methods. Pollen were identified and examined of viability. Identification herbaceous plants and their pollen on plot showed that there were 7 herbaceous plants: Kyllinga monocephala, Cleome rutidosperma, Pennisetum polystachyon, Ageratum conyzoides, Brachiaria mutica, Cyperus orodatus, and Eleutheranthera ruderalis. Otherwise pollen which were collected by Trigona sp. consist of 11 kinds of pollen from 6 families, that were Sapindaceae, Leguminoceae, Loranthaceae, Malvaceae, Symplocaceae, and unidentified family.Viability of pollen ranged from 88.8% to 99.8%. The result of identification herbacious plants and pollen that were taken by Trigona sp. indicated that there was not similarity therefore, it was no interaction between herbaceous plants in the plot with Trigona sp.
Karakteristik Morfologi dan Anatomi, serta Kandungan Klorofil Lima Kultivar Tanaman Penyerap Polusi Udara Sansevieria trifasciata.
Authors: MEGIA RITA , . RATNASARI , . HADISUNARSO
Published: March 2021

Sansevieria trifasciata is an unique houseplant that can provide clean air to occupied room because it can absorb harmful substances from the air. This research aim to compare morphological, and anatomical characters and chlorophyll content of five cultivars of this plant. Morphological characters of all S. trifasciata cultivars observed varied in pattern, colour, and size of the leaf. Stomata can be found on both leaf surfaces; abaxial side have higher stomatal density than adaxial side. Distribution of single stomata was presented in all cultivars, while clustered stomata were also found in cv. Moonsine. Among all cultivars, stomatal density and stomatal index were found the highest in cv. Moonsine. The highest chlorophyll content, the longest leaf, widthest leaf and the thinnest leaf were found in cv. African Dawn. Potentially, S. trifasciata cv. African Dawn and S. trifasciata cv. Moonsine could absorb air pollution better than the other cultivars.
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jamur Lentinus sajor-caju isolat LSC9 pada Media Serbuk Gergajian Kayu Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) dan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit
Authors: SULISTANY HENNY , SUDIRMAN LISDAR IDWAN
Published: March 2021

Paraserianthes falcataria sawdust (SGS) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (TKKS) are by-product of forestry and oil palm industries. SGS is commonly substrates for mushroom cultivation. TKKS is expected to be an alternative substrates for mushroom cultivation besides SGS. This study was conducted to determine the growth and fruiting body production of Lentinus sajor-caju LSC9 isolate on SGS, TKKS and mixtures of both substrates (C) with proportion 1:1 respectively. Each substrates were added with 15% rice bran, 1.5% gypsum and 1.5% CaCO3 with a total weight of 500 g/bag. The result showed that the growth and fruiting body production of Lentinus sajor-caju LSC9 isolate on SGS was better than TKKS and C substrates with biological efficiency on SGS substrates (50.88%) higher than TKKS substrates (34.42%) and C substrates (29.51%), with vegetative phase (16 days), generative phase (100 days) and growth and development phase (115 days) on TKKS substrates were shorter than SGS and C substrates. The greatest pileus number found on SGS substrates (12 pieces), while the largest pileus diameter found on C substrates (10.17 cm). Nevertheless, TKKS can be used as alternative substrates for fruiting body production of Lentinus sajor-caju LSC9 isolate.
Karakterisasi Xilanase dari Bakteri Xilanolitik XJ20 asal Tanah Hutan Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas Jambi Indonesia
Authors: MAZIDAH INAYAH NOER , AMBARSARI LAKSMI , MERYANDINI ANJA
Published: March 2021

Xylanase is an extracellular enzymes that can be produced by microbes which capable to degrade xylan into xilo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and xylose. Application of xylanase is still not optimal due to the lack of availability of superior microbial cultures producing xylanase. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of xylanase produced by bacteria isolated from Forest land Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, Indonesia. Xylanase produced by bacterial isolate XJ20 was selected for further enzymatic activity and characteritics assays. Xylanolytic activity was measured by using the 3.5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay. High activity of xylanase was recorded at three times of incubation, which were 6 (0.015 U/mL), 14 (0.012 U/mL) and 20 (0.007 U/mL). The first peak and the second peak reached the highest activity at a temperature of 70 °C, however, the first peak reached the highest activity at pH 4.0 and a second peak at pH 7.0. pH 4.0 xylanase were incubated at room temperature and 70 °C has a half time consecutive 9 hours and 6 hours, whereas at pH 7.0, has a half time consecutive 4 hours and 3 hours. Stability of enzyme better at pH 4.0 and at room temperature.
Bacteria as Greenhouse Gases Reducing Agents from Paddy Plantation
Authors: MUTTAQIN MAFRIKHUL , . MIFTAHUDIN , RUSMANA IMAN
Published: March 2021

High methane oxidation activity of local isolated methanotrophic bacteria have a potent as methane gases reducing agent while combined with nitrogen fixing bacteria as paddy biofertilizer. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the bacteria as methane gases reducing agent and biofertilizer in paddy plantation. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design consisted of fertilizer types and watering system treatments with four replicates. The research showed that paddy shoot length was not affected by the treatment. On the other hand, both plant freshand dry weight, as well as the number of productive tiller were affected by interaction of fertilizer types and watering system. Fertilizer types affected grain per panicle and methane flux after fertilization. In the end of paddy vegetative stage, bacterial fertilizers were capable to reduce methane emission in different rate. The different result in methane flux was likely due to the interaction between soil local microorganisms and soil chemical component.
Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Anatomi Tanaman Manggis dan Kerabatnya (Garcinia spp.) di Taman Buah Mekarsari
Authors: NIDYASARI RR. SYAFIRA , AKMAL HILDA , ARIYANTI NUNIK SRI
Published: March 2021

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) cultivation has problems in terms of fruit quality and rooting system. This problem is solved by Mekarsari Fruit Garden by developing the technology of double rootstock seedling that is by combining two mangosteen seedling into one plant through the pasting process. Characterization of the collection of mangosteen plants and its species of relatives (Garcinia spp.) is needed to seek superior characters used for the technology of double rootstock seedlings, cultivar development, and management and preservation of mangosteen germplasm. This study aims to record and compare morphological and anatomical characters of mangosteen and its relatives collected in Taman Buah Mekarsari. The study was carried out by collecting the sample and characterizing the morphological structure using mangosteen descriptor, observing the leaf paradermal anatomy, and collecting secondary data. Observation on the morphological characteristics of mangostana (G. mangostana) and its relatives (G. celebica, G. dulcis, G. forbesii, and G. malaccensis) showed variations on the fruit characters, such as the shape is spherical, ovate or spherical flattened apex and base; the rind color is bright yellow, deep red, and bright red; the flavor is sour, sour sweet, or sweet. The anatomical character of the mangosteen leaf and four species of its relatives show the paracytic stomata on the abaxial surface only except on the leaf of G. forbersii, which is found on the abaxial and adaxial sustance, the epidermal cells are square to rectangular, the wall is straight or slighty winding except that of G. forbesii which is sharply winding or zig-zag