bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Player and Imaging Characteristics With Severity and Missed Time in National Football League Professional Athletes With Hamstring Strain Injury: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Day Molly A. , Karlsson Lee H. , Herzog Mackenzie M. , Weiss Leigh J. , McGonegle Shane J. , Greditzer Harry G. , Kalia Vivek , Bedi Asheesh , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) are prevalent in US National Football League (NFL) players, but there is a paucity of information regarding imaging characteristics, injury severity, and player factors associated with time missed and risk of recurrent injury.

Purpose:

To describe player, football activity, clinical, and imaging characteristics of NFL players with HSIs, as well as determine player characteristics, clinical examination results, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with injury occurrence, severity, and missed time.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort of NFL players with acute HSI (n = 180) during the 2018-2019 season was identified. Injury data were collected prospectively through a league-wide electronic health record system. Three musculoskeletal radiologists graded MRI muscle injury parameters using the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) system. Player, football, clinical, and imaging characteristics were correlated with HSI incidence and severity and with missed time from sport.

Results:

Of the 1098 HSIs identified during the 2018-2019 season, 416 (37.9%) were randomly sampled, and 180 (43.3%) had diagnostic imaging available. Game activity, preseason period, and wide receiver and defensive secondary positions disproportionately contributed to HSI. The biceps femoris was the most commonly injured muscle (n = 132, 73.3%), followed by the semimembranosus (n = 24, 13.3%) and semitendinosus (n = 17, 9.4%) muscles. The most common injury site was the distal third of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles (n = 60, 45.5% and n = 10, 58.8%, respectively) and central part of the semimembranosus muscle (n = 17, 70.8%). Nearly half of the injuries (n = 83, 46.1%) were BAMIC grade 2; 25.6% (n = 46), grade 3; and 17.8% (n = 32), grade 4. MRI showed sciatic nerve abnormality in 30.6% (n = 55) of all HSIs and 81.3% (n = 26) of complete tendon injuries. BAMIC grade correlated with both median days and games missed. Combined biceps femoris and semitendinosus injuries resulted in the highest median days missed (27 days).

Conclusion:

Among NFL players with acute HSIs, the most common injury was a moderate-severity injury of the distal biceps femoris. BAMIC grade was associated with missed time.
The Role of Life Satisfaction and Optimism for Successful Aging in Mid and Late Life
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kallol Kumar , Molinari Victor , Gupta Debasree Das , Hueluer Gizem
Published: August 2024

Guided by the Rowe and Kahn model, the current study examined the longitudinal association of objective and subjective components of successful aging (SA) with individuals’ life satisfaction and level of optimism across adulthood aiming to validate the related scanty existing research. Data were from waves 2 and 3 (2004–14) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Using structural equation modeling, we examined ( N = 2,040) whether subjective life satisfaction (wave 2) has any effect on a composite measure of SA (wave 3) while controlling for baseline sociodemographic and health factors. We also examined the mediation effects of optimism in the above associations. Findings revealed that life satisfaction has a significant positive effect on SA; also, this effect is bidirectional. Further, high optimism positively mediated the bidirectional association between life satisfaction and SA. This study identified life satisfaction and optimism as having potentially positive impacts on achieving SA in middle-aged and older adults.
The Role of Structured Goals of Care Discussions in Critically Ill Thoracic Surgery Patients
Authors: Alvarado Christine E. , Worrell Stephanie G. , Tipton Aaron E. , Coffey Max , Jiang Boxiang , Linden Philip A. , Towe Christopher W.
Published: August 2024

Objective: The American College of Surgeons recommends structured family meetings (FM) for high-risk surgical patients. We hypothesized that goals of care discussions (GOCD) in the form of an FM, multidisciplinary family meeting (MDFM), or palliative care consult (PCC) would be underutilized in imminently dying thoracic surgery patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review at a tertiary academic medical center was performed on all inpatient mortalities and discharges to hospice after any thoracic surgery operation. The utilization of GOCDs was compared between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes were length-of-stay, comatose status and ventilator dependence during initial GOCD, and timing of code status change. Results: In total, 56 patients met inclusion criteria: 44 of 56 (78.6%) died and 12 of 56 (21.4%) were discharged to hospice. Most patients had a FM (79.5% mortality vs 100% hospice, P = .29) and few had an MDFM (25.0% mortality vs 25.0% hospice, P = 1.00). Patients discharged to hospice were more likely to have a PCC (66.7% vs 31.2%, P = .03) and less likely to be comatose (16.7% vs 59.1%, P = .009) or ventilator dependent during initial GOCD (16.7% vs 70.5%, P = .001). Among patients who died and were DNR-CC (do not resuscitate—comfort care; 37 of 44), 75.7% died the same day of code status change and 67.6% died within 48 h of initial GOCD. Discussion: Although FMs were common, MDFMs were infrequent. Patients discharged to hospice were more likely to have a PCC. Most deaths occurred shortly after initial GOCD and most code status changes occurred on day-of-death. This data suggest an opportunity to improve GOCDs in critically ill thoracic surgery patients.
A Review of Hyperventilation Activation in Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Authors: Rao Chethan K. , Kuperman Rachel
Published: August 2024

Childhood absence epilepsy is one of the most prevalent pediatric epilepsy syndromes, but diagnostic delay is common and consequential. Childhood absence epilepsy is diagnosed by history and physical examination including hyperventilation with electroencephalography (EEG) used to confirm the diagnosis. Hyperventilation produces generalized spike-wave discharges on EEG in >90% of patients with childhood absence epilepsy and provokes clinical absence seizures consisting of brief loss of consciousness typically within 90 seconds. Child neurologists report a high volume of referrals for children with “staring spells” that strain already limited health care resources. Resources are further strained by the use of EEG for monitoring antiseizure medication effectiveness with unclear benefit. In this review, we examine the safety and efficacy of hyperventilation activation as a tool for the diagnosis and management of childhood absence seizures.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with early sepsis-related liver injury in Northeast China
Authors: Song Yan , Maged Abdulsalam Mohammed Ali Al-Mogahed , Yang Weiying , Sun Lichao
Published: August 2024

Background: Sepsis-associated liver injury (SALI) occurs in about a third of septic patients, and it is often a poor prognostic factor. However, there are few studies on early SALI and its impact on the clinical course of sepsis. Here we explored the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis of early SALI. Methods: Two hundred and one patients with confirmed sepsis were divided into those with and without early SALI (on admission) based on liver function. The clinical characteristics and prognosis were compared between groups and associated factors identified by multivariable regression analysis. Results: Sepsis-related liver injury was present in 18.9% of septic patients on admission. High aspartate transaminase (AST), high direct bilirubin, and low plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA, factor XI) were risk factors for sepsis with SALI: the area under the AST curve was 0.825, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.67 and a specificity of 0.93 (cutoff 91.6 U/L), the area under the direct bilirubin curve was 0.86, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.71 (cutoff 8.35 μmol/L), and the area under the PTA curve was 0.678, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.47 and a specificity of 0.93 (cutoff 54.0). Conclusion: Septic patients with early SALI have early-onset coagulation disorders that must be recognized to instigate early intervention and halt sepsis progression. Elevated AST, PTA, and direct bilirubin may be independent risk markers of sepsis-related liver injury, and extra clinical vigilance is required when these factors are noted in patients with sepsis.
Evaluation of single slope solar still with different cabin depths with the minimum basin water level
Authors: Babu V. Ramesh , Suresh S.
Published: August 2024

The conversion of saline water into pure water by employing passive solar still (PSS) is a big challenge due to its low productivity. One of the methods to enhance productivity is decreasing the volumetric heat capacity of the cabin. The productivity from the PSS surges with minimum water depths and the maximum temperature gradient between the glass cover and unprocessed water. This work signifies a comparative study of PSS having three different cabin depths. First, the production of normal PSS is recorded and then the cabin depth is modified by the step provided in the cabin itself by placing the water tray on it. Lastly, the cabin depth is adjusted by providing detachable supports inside the cabin. The experiments were carried out in the location of Nagercoil, Tamil Nādu, India (8.1833° N, 77.4119° E). The variation in still production is analyzed. The experimental data shows that the production of PSS with a 40 mm height water tray is more than the other two cabin depths. The maximum distilled water output obtained is 2360 ml/m2 per day for a 40 mm height water tray, 2000 ml/m2 per day for the normal cabin, and 1600 ml/m2 per day for a 70 mm height water tray. Energy payback time and distilled water production cost of the 40 mm height water tray were around 1.43 years and Rs. 2.75/m3, respectively.
Effect of leaned blades on the aerodynamic performance of contra-rotating open rotor
Authors: Wang Qihang , Zhou Li , Wang Zhanxue
Published: August 2024

The contra-rotating open rotor (CROR) engine has gained attention for its outstanding fuel-saving potential. Attention needs to be paid to the propulsion efficiency of the contra-rotating open rotor, as it is the key to realizing the engine’s fuel-saving advantage. In this paper, the performance of CRORs with different lean angles is investigated by numerical simulation. Furthermore, the mechanism of the influence of leaned blades on the propulsion efficiency of the CROR is analyzed. The results show that the positive leaned blades (pressure-surface down) significantly improve the propulsion efficiency of the CROR, with a maximum improvement of 1.34%. In contrast, the negative leaned blades (suction surface down) reduce propulsion efficiency. Due to the radial equilibrium equation, the positive lean increases the radial pressure gradient. The increased gradient enhances flow on the suction surface and reduces the flow reversal region, thus improving the propulsion efficiency. At low advance ratios, the enhanced radial flow due to the leaned blades makes the optimization less effective. By comparing the inlet conditions of the front and rear rotors, it was found that the front rotor was less likely to have a flow reversal region compared to the rear rotor. If a flow reversal region occurs in the channel, it is necessary to introduce leaned blades. The most recommended lean angle is the one that makes the flow reversal region disappear exactly.
Development of new framework for order abatement and control design strategy
Authors: Kumar Ram , Sikander Afzal
Published: August 2024

The reduced-order model (ROM) of large-scale linear time-invariant systems is constructed in this study using a new system abatement technique. The Coulomb’s and Franklin’s law algorithm (CFLA) is used in this study to determine the ROM of a complex single-input, single-output (SISO) system. In control engineering problems, producing a ROM of a complex system using CFLA is relatively simple. This method employs the properties of molecular dynamics to identify the best values of the variables in the search space. The unknown coefficients of ROM are determined by reducing the integral square error (ISE) value between the original system and ROM. This research looks at various examples of different orders for finding ROMs. Finally, various performance indicators were evaluated and represented in tabulated form and bar graphs to assess the efficacy of the proposed methodology. The simplified model for the original higher-order system is also used to design a PID controller. The response of the closed-loop ROM with the PID controller is identical to that of the closed-loop original system with the PID controller. The simulation results are compared to previous well-known research, revealing that the proposed approach produces ROMs that outperform regarding time and frequency response.
Barriers and facilitators of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening in London: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: McKay Ellie , Wong Joy , Ward Stella , Ruwende Josephine , Kerrison Robert
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The aim of this research was to identify patient barriers and facilitators of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening in London.

Methods

A survey was distributed to 4211 adults, who had been invited for AAA screening in 2023. Barriers and facilitators were identified by comparing responses between attenders and non-attenders, using univariate logistic regression.

Results

271 surveys were returned. Attendance was higher among respondents with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.72, 95% CIs [1.15, 6.46]; p < 0.05) and those with one or more comorbidities (OR: 3.82, 95% CIs [1.63, 8.98]; p < 0.01), but lower among those who had not visited a healthcare appointment within the past 6 months (OR: 0.41, 95% CIs [0.18, 0.94]). Attendance was also lower among those who believe screening is only useful for people with symptoms (OR: 0.37; 95% CIs [0.16, 0.89]; p < 0.05), find it difficult to make time for medical appointments (OR: 0.25, 95% CIs [0.10, 0.60]; p < 0.01), find it difficult to get to medical appointments (OR: 0.40, 95% CIs [0.17, 0.91]; p < 0.05), have more important medical problems to worry about (OR: 0.28, 95% CIs [0.12, 0.64]; p < 0.01), cannot afford to travel to medical appointments (OR: 0.16, 95% CIs [0.07, 0.38]; p < 0.001), need help getting to appointments (OR: 0.33, 95% CIs [0.13, 0.86]; p < 0.05), have caring responsibilities (OR: 0.15, 95% CIs [0.06, 0.34]; p < 0.001), and forget about appointments (OR: 0.21, 95% CIs [0.09, 0.49]; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study provides suggestive data on characteristics that might be associated with not attending AAA screening in London. The study design limitations mean that further work is required to evaluate these characteristics more reliably.
LVIM Approach to Analyse the Fractional Order Model for Childhood Diseases
Authors: Pareek Neelu , Bansal Komal , Gupta Arvind , Mathur Ruchi , Mathur Trilok , Agarwal Shivi
Published: August 2024

In this article, the solution of a mathematical model of childhood diseases with the Jumarie fractional derivative is discussed by coupling the Laplace variational iteration method (LVIM). The solution of the proposed model not only exists but is also unique. The proposed model is dimensionally balanced as well as stable. This article aims to present an analytical approximation solution for non-linear fractional-order differential equations (FDEs) with the Jumarie derivative. The model has also demonstrated relevant numerical and graphical descriptions.
Open Innovation in Healthcare Ecosystem: A Systematic Review
Authors: Torab-Miandoab Amir , Samad-Soltani Taha , Rezaei-Hachesu Peyman
Published: August 2024

Several countries are facing significant troubles of health services, particularly rising prices. Innovative technologies and services are expected to help boost medical quality and cut costs. In this sense, there is a lack of innovative work in spite of a growing interest in open innovation and approaches that advocate for expanded cooperation among various actors in healthcare. This article describes the findings of a study concerning the commitment of the healthcare sector to open innovation. The search for literature focused on English-language papers up to 12 January 2020. Based on the indicated criteria for inclusion, 29 articles were included. The results show that most experiments concentrate on the areas of pharmaceutical research (drug discovery) and health informatics (health information systems and infrastructures) that were brought out as concepts or applied as pilots and prototypes. The participation of the healthcare sector is limited in open innovation, and more work is required with an emphasis on how to get open innovation.
Comparing the Effect of Intravenous Tramadol and Intravenous Nalbuphine in Addition to Midazolam for the Control of Shivering after Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Madem Apoorva , Parusha Sravanthi , Mallem Dinakar , Pacharla Indira , Kotra Vijay , Chooi Wen Han , Wong Rebecca Shin Yee , Ming Long Chiau , Alkhoshaiban Ali Saleh , Goh Khang Wen
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Shivering is a common complication during neuraxial anesthesia, leading to metabolic and cardiovascular challenges. Existing treatments vary in effectiveness, and this study compares intravenous tramadol and nalbuphine, both administered with midazolam, for shivering control.

Objectives

To evaluate and compare the efficacy of IV tramadol and IV nalbuphine, alongside midazolam, in controlling post-spinal anesthesia shivering.

Materials and Methods

A prospective, randomized comparative clinical study involving 100 patients undergoing various surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups to receive either IV Tramadol or IV Nalbuphine with midazolam. Parameters like shivering severity, time to cessation, recurrence, and side effects were recorded and analyzed.

Results

Both tramadol and nalbuphine effectively controlled shivering with comparable response times and side effect profiles. There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, and sedation between the groups. Hemodynamic stability was maintained throughout the study.

Conclusion

IV tramadol and IV nalbuphine, in conjunction with midazolam, are effective in controlling post-spinal anesthesia shivering, with similar efficacy and safety profiles. They provide valuable options for clinicians in managing this common anesthetic complication. Further research is encouraged for more refined application in diverse patient populations.
Effect of Coping Strategies on Pain Intensity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chandra K Rohith , Kumar B Jeevan , Taj D Mubeen , M Pavani , Devaki Kondaveeti , Shekhar Nunavath Raja , Kommireddy Sirisha , Chittipolu Ajay Kumar , Yerrakula Goutham
Published: August 2024

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that imposes significant challenges globally. This research seeks to contribute valuable insights that can inform the development of targeted interventions, enhancing the quality of care for RA patients and potentially mitigating the broader societal burden associated with this chronic autoimmune condition.

Objectives

The main objective of the current study is to investigate the demographic, psychosocial, and clinical aspects of RA patients.

Materials and Methods

The study included 93 RA patients and examined their demographic characteristics, brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) strategies, the prevalence of depression and anxiety, pain experiences (Mankoski Pain Scale), and diagnostic markers (Disease Activity Score [DAS-28], Rheumatoid Factor [RF], Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide [ACCP]).

Results

The study revealed a bimodal age distribution, with a gender predominance aligning with established RA prevalence patterns. Patients exhibited a tendency toward adaptive coping strategies, notably religious coping, active coping, and positive reframing, with variability in maladaptive strategies. The prevalence of depression (14.0%) and anxiety (18.3%) among RA patients was consistent with documented mental health burdens. Pain experiences exhibited a heterogeneous spectrum, and diagnostic markers indicated elevated disease activity in a substantial proportion of patients, with varied distribution in RF and ACCP subcategories.

Conclusion

This study provides nuanced insights into RA, emphasizing the importance of personalized coping and pain management strategies. The prevalence of mental health challenges and the spectrum of pain experiences underscore the multidimensional nature of RA, informing holistic approaches to care for enhanced patient outcomes.
Detection of anti–Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antibodies in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Lima Ana C. A. , Braga Eduarda R. , Panneitz Ana K. , Petri Fernando A. M. , Castro João H. T. , Dias Rafael Gonçalves , de Oliveira Luís G.
Published: August 2024

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the causative bacterium of porcine enzootic pneumonia and one of the primary etiologic agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex. Most Brazilian commercial pig farms are positive for this pathogen. However, the prevalence of the pathogen in backyard pig farms has not been described, to our knowledge. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae in backyard pig farms in the state of Paraná, Brazil. In January–March 2020, we collected 585 serum samples from pigs in 187 non-vaccinated herds. We tested the sera with an indirect ELISA for anti– M. hyopneumoniae antibodies and found that 182 of 585 (31.1%) samples were positive, and were found in 109 of 187 (58.3%) herds assessed.
Antibody response of endangered riparian brush rabbits to vaccination against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2
Authors: Moriarty Megan E. , Rudd Jaime L. , Takahashi Fumika , Hopson Eric , Kinzley Colleen , Minier Darren , Herman Alex , Berninger Mary Lou , Mohamed Fawzi , Makhdoomi Muzafar , Woods Leslie W. , Ip Hon S. , Clifford Deana L.
Published: August 2024

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2; Caliciviridae, Lagovirus europaeus), the cause of a highly transmissible and fatal lagomorph disease, has spread rapidly through the western United States and Mexico, resulting in substantial mortality in domestic and wild rabbits. The disease was first detected in California in May 2020, prompting an interagency/zoo/academia/nonprofit team to implement emergency conservation actions to protect endangered riparian brush rabbits ( Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) from RHDV2. Prior to vaccinating wild rabbits, we conducted a vaccine safety trial by giving a single SC dose of Filavac VHD K C+V (Filavie) vaccine to 19 adult wild riparian brush rabbits captured and temporarily held in captivity. Rabbits were monitored for adverse effects, and serum was collected before vaccination, and at 7–10, 14–20, and 60 d post-vaccination. Sera were tested using an ELISA to determine antibody response and timing of seroconversion. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed on rectal swabs to evaluate infection status. No adverse effects from the vaccine were observed. Before vaccination, 18 of 19 rabbits were seronegative, and RHDV2 was not detected by RT-qPCR on any rectal swabs. After vaccination, all rabbits developed an antibody response, with titers of 1:10–1:160. Seroconversion generally occurred at 7–10 d. The duration of antibody response was ≥60 d in 12 of 13 rabbits. Sixteen animals were released and 4 were recaptured several months later, offering a glimpse into longer duration immune response. Our study has informed vaccination strategies for this species and serves as a model for protecting other vulnerable lagomorphs against RHDV2.
Barriers to Timely Dementia Diagnosis in Older Latinos With Limited English Proficiency: An Integrative Review
Authors: Fernandez Cajavilca Moroni , Squires Allison , Wu Bei , Sadarangani Tina
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Timely diagnosis is critical for persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) to ensure they receive adequate services; however, timely diagnosis may be prevented by a person’s English language skills. The purpose of this integrative review was to understand how limited English proficiency (LEP) impacts older Latino’s ability to access a timely ADRD diagnosis.

Methods:

Whittemore and Knafl’s methodological approach guided the review. Searches in five databases yielded 12 articles for inclusion.

Results:

Lack of culturally congruent health care systems, health care providers, and knowledge of ADRD resulted in delays in obtaining a timely ADRD diagnosis among older Latinos with LEP.

Discussion:

Latinos with LEP and risk for ADRD benefit from language assistance and support in navigating the health care system. Nurses must be advocates, even when a language barrier is present, and recognize that interpreters are not a single source solution.
Experimental Investigation and Queuing Network (QN) Modeling of Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff (SAT) in Human Prediction of Robot’s Target Selection in Human-Robot Collaboration
Authors: Wang Yuanchen , Liu Yili , Yang X. Jessie
Published: August 2024

Human-Robot collaboration (HRC) is playing a pivotal role in modern industry. We conducted human experiments and computational modeling with the Queuing Network (QN) cognitive architecture to investigate the patterns of speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) and speed-confidence tradeoff (SCT) in human prediction of a robot’s movement intention. Experimental results show specific patterns of SAT and SCT, which are both affected by task difficulty. For example, clear quantitative relations of SAT are shown (a) in all the easy task conditions, (b) only in the medium to long duration conditions of the medium difficulty situations, but (c) not in any of the hard (most difficult) conditions. To account for SAT and SCT, entity departure processes of the QN are used to represent information accumulation in the human mind, with the entities representing the possible robot movement target locations. This modeling work goes beyond the previous QN models that focused on the arrival and service processes of information entities.
Barriers Toward the Implementation of Extended Reality (XR) Technologies to Support Education and Training in Workforce Development Programs
Authors: Upadhyay Bhargav , Chalil Madathil Kapil , Hegde Sudeep , Anderson David , Wooldridge Eric , Presley David , Perez Luis , Reid Ben
Published: August 2024

Advancements in computer technology have revolutionized extended reality (XR) experiences, including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), and 360° photography and videography. These technologies have found widespread adoption in various educational contexts, from K-12 schools to universities. However, community and technical colleges in the United States have been slower to adopt these innovative instructional modalities. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of XR technologies at 2-year institutions, guided by the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR). A qualitative research approach was applied by interviewing 13 educators from 2-year colleges to identify their perception and the challenges faced while implementing XR-enabled instruction. Limited availability of XR educational content, restricted development opportunities of XR content, limited integration of these technologies with existing learning management systems, resource constraints and training needs of educators are some of the factors that hinder implementation of these technologies at 2-year colleges.
Validity of the Moshkov Test Regarding a Spine Asymmetry in Young Patients
Authors: Zanevskyy Ihor , Bodnarchuk Olena , Zanevska Lyudmyla
Published: August 2024

An aim of the research is to improve validity of the Moshkov test in relation to the body dimensions of young patients. This short report presents a new research that adds to previous studies about validity of the Moshkov test regarding a spine asymmetry in young patients. Because children body’s dimensions are smaller than adults’ ones, results indices of the Moshkov test are less as well. These results have been corrected proportionally to a half sum of rhombus sides’ lengths. Mechanical and mathematical modeling using Wolfram Mathematica computer package has been done during Moshkov rhombus modification. The modified rhombus model made it possible to improve validity of the test regarding smaller dimension of young patients’ bodies. The results are presented in a graph nomogram that is comprehensive for practical specialists which are not familiar with using of mathematical methods.
A case of telehealth-directed emergency front-of-neck access (FONA)
Authors: Powell Benjamin , Newton Alastair , Gibbs Clinton
Published: August 2024

In this case, we describe the completion of emergency front-of-neck access by a novice provider facilitated by specialist telehealth support. A facility with limited advanced airway skills requested telehealth support for a critically unwell patient with severe hypoxic respiratory failure and acute delirium. Attempts to temporise his physiology with ketamine-facilitated non-invasive ventilation were unsuccessful, and he proceeded to rapid sequence intubation. Ultimately, intubation was unsuccessful and attempts at ventilation by laryngeal mask also failed. A Cannot Intubate, Cannot Oxygenate scenario was identified. The referring team had significant anxiety about performing a surgical front-of-neck access procedure. However, with telehealth support, this was ultimately completed by a novice provider, and the patient stabilised. The key issue identified was the need for the telehealth provider to take clinical governance of the procedure. The referring team also required assistance in completing an adequate neck incision, responding to bleeding, and determining the preferred technique.
Why fall for misinformation? Role of information processing strategies, health consciousness, and overconfidence in health literacy
Authors: Peng Rachel X. , Shen Fuyuan
Published: August 2024

Health misinformation, defined as false or misleading claims lacking scientific evidence, poses a significant threat to public health. This paper investigates factors associated with the failure to discern misinformation, including health consciousness, information processing strategies, and inaccurate self-assessments of health literacy. Through an online experiment involving 707 English-speaking U.S. participants (mean age = 43 years, 56.2% female), we found that misinformation beliefs about nutrition, vaccination, vaping, and cancer were significantly correlated, implying susceptibility across health topics. Greater susceptibility was associated with higher health consciousness, lower objective health literacy, more elaboration, and more selective scanning. Results provided evidence for the Dunning-Kruger effect and metacognitive monitoring errors, whereby confident individuals were unaware of inadequate health literacy and showed poor misinformation identification. Findings suggest that promoting both health literacy education and cognitive reflection skills among the general adult population could empower them to more critically evaluate online health information.
Exploring unemployment insurance for the self-employed and platform workers: How to navigate difficult waters? A comparative, conceptual and European perspective
Authors: Becker Eleni De , Schoukens Paul , Weber Enzo
Published: August 2024

This special issue of the European Journal of Social Security explores the complexities of extending unemployment insurance to the self-employed and platform workers in the EU Member States and the steps taken at EU level to enforce the protection offered at national level. Traditionally, social security systems have been designed for standard employment relationships, leaving a typical workers and the self-employed inadequately protected. The European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR), adopted in 2017, and the subsequent 2019 Recommendation on access to social protection have marked a shift towards more inclusive social security frameworks. However, significant gaps in coverage remain, in particular with regard to unemployment protection for the self-employed and platform workers. The special issue is divided into three parts: national perspectives, comparative studies and EU-level discussions.
“It’s a bit like pick and choose”: How young media users assign authority to cultural mediators
Authors: Vis Sarah , Picone Ike
Published: August 2024

As the boundaries between producers and consumers in both journalism and cultural industries continue to blur, questions arise about the changing gatekeeping and interpretational roles. The study examines how young adults assign authority to cultural mediators, ranging from traditional cultural journalists to social media personalities, when selecting and evaluating cultural goods. The aim is to understand how journalistic and non-journalistic voices intertwine in young adults’ cultural news consumption. The study builds on 31 in-depth interviews with young Belgian adults (age 18–28) focussing on participants’ social media use in relation to their cultural interests. Paradoxically, in an era of information overload where professional selection and interpretation could prove beneficial, the study identified various reasons why young media users favor non-journalistic mediators, such as their search for similarity. The findings also show how young adults resist journalistic curation to secure their own autonomy and uniqueness as cultural consumers. Nevertheless, journalistic mediators still gain credibility when evaluating cultural goods. The results highlight how young adults assign varying levels of authority to different guides at different stages in cultural consumption. The paper reflects on the implications for cultural journalism, emphasizing the evaluative rather than agenda-setting role of journalists.
Removing the Veil of Whiteness in Qualitative Research Using Sista Circle Methodology
Authors: Palmer Dajanae , Udoh Ekaete
Published: August 2024

Research has a tradition of being extractive from marginalized communities, taking knowledge without regard to giving back. In this manuscript, we discuss how using culturally congruent methodologies, specifically sista circle methodology, mitigates the harm of whiteness rooted in qualitative research. Guided by Black feminist thought and endarkened feminist epistemology, we center Black women to offer guidance for qualitative researchers committed to researching with marginalized communities. The purpose of this manuscript is to invite scholars into a conversation on qualitative research to consider ways to engage in culturally congruent methodologies. We present lessons learned from doing qualitative research centering on the community practices of Black women doctoral students using sista circle methodology. The lessons learned present tangible ways to remove the veil of whiteness in research by using a culturally congruent methodology, shifting methods to align with participants, and conducting authentic member checking.
Participative decision-making in the Arab educational system in Israel: The implications for teachers’ organizational commitment and school violence
Authors: Nassir Misaa , Benoliel Pascale
Published: August 2024

Principals indirectly impact the achievement of school goals and the development and improvement of the school. Drawing upon Role Theory, this study proposes to examine the direct and indirect relationship (through organizational commitment) between participative decision-making and school violence in the Arab educational system in Israel. The data were collected through a questionnaire returned by a two-stage cluster random sampling of 350 teachers randomly chosen from 70 elementary Israeli Arab schools. Data were collected from three sources: self-reporting (teachers and students) and non-self-reporting to minimize measure error. The structural equation modeling and bootstrap results highlighted the positive implications of participative decision-making on teachers’ organizational commitment in the Israeli Arab education system. The findings also showed teachers’ organizational commitment was correlated to school violence. That is, teachers’ organizational commitment fully mediates the relationship between participative decision-making and school violence. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Framing the unforgettable: Photography as a tool for negotiating and reimag(in)ing the memories of the missing relatives
Authors: Hadziomerovic Amina
Published: August 2024

In this article, I explore how the memories of the missing men that perished in the Bosnian War have been framed, forged and relayed among the surviving family members by means of photography. I analyse three cases of the use of photography and its creative processing among the surviving relatives through which they sought to add a sense of individuality to the objects of camera – their missing family members. The data for this article are derived from my ethnographic engagement with the Bosnian communities of genocide survivors resettled in Australia and the United States, combined with the visual analysis of artworks relative to the topic of lost family members. The article also highlights the conductivity of photography through which the post-generation identifies with and processes the ancestral trauma of genocide. The findings from this article re-visit the importance of materiality in the service of memory, through which the loss is mediated, transformed, transmitted and embraced. I argue that closer scholarly engagement with personal(ised) modes of honouring and remembering the individual victims of genocide can foster a better understanding of its emotional reverberations and impact on the healing of affected societies.
Management of Le Fort I Fractures
Authors: Cho Jin-yong , Ryu Jaeyoung
Published: August 2024

Study Design

A retrospective study.

Objective

This retrospective study aims to analyze the results of Le Fort I fracture treatment, with a focus on addressing malocclusion related to the fractures.

Methods

The study included 43 patients diagnosed with Le Fort I fractures who underwent open reduction and internal fixation. Demographic data, causes of trauma, accompanying facial bone fractures, treatment methods, and complications were analyzed. Fisher’s exact test was employed to assess the association between fractures and malocclusion.

Results

Postoperative complications included occlusal disorder (6 cases), sensory disturbance (4 cases), and facial deformation (6 cases). Condylar fractures showed a statistically significant association with occlusal disorders ( P = 0.044). Surgeon variability did not significantly impact occlusal outcomes ( P = 0.25).

Conclusions

Proper management of Le Fort I fractures requires a thorough understanding of surgical principles and consideration of concomitant fractures. Achieving anatomical reduction based on occlusion is crucial for successful outcomes, and additional Le Fort I osteotomy may be considered in challenging cases.
Evaluation of two constitutive modeling approaches for finite element simulation of ballistic impact of varying thickness monolithic aluminum plates by steel spheres
Authors: Peterson Luke , Failla David , Priddy Matthew W , Sherburn Jesse A
Published: August 2024

A comparison of material models for numerical simulations of ballistic impact is performed to study a physics motivated model’s efficacy in overcoming the limitations of traditional empirical models in accurately capturing dynamic deformation and failure mechanisms. The ballistic impact of Aluminum 7085-T711 alloy plates struck by hardened steel projectiles has been modeled using Johnson-Cook (JC) and an Internal State Variable (ISV) constitutive model, DMG, embedded in Abaqus Explicit and EPIC finite element simulations. Both constitutive models show good quantitative agreement with experimental perforation velocity and residual projectile velocity characteristics over the range of plate thicknesses tested. For thin plates, both experiments and numerical calculations show transition from large plastic deformation to lower energy perforation modes (localized fracture) for increasing impact velocity. The ISV model tends to accurately predict the shear-plug dominated perforation modes for all target thicknesses and impact velocities, while the JC model inaccurately predicts target fragmentation at impact velocities significantly greater than a given plate’s ballistic limit. ISV model results show that void nucleation is more influential on damage evolution and fracture than void growth for Al 7085-T711 under ballistic impact loads, however each contributes to the fracture mechanism.
Independent Walking Disability After Fragility Hip Fractures: A Prognostic Factors Analysis
Authors: Chanthanapodi Praphan , Tammata Netnapha , Laoruengthana Artit , Jarusriwanna Atthakorn
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Up to one-third of patients with fragility hip fractures are totally dependent in the year following the injury which leads to later morbidity and mortality. Understanding the related factors that affect patients’ ambulation helps health care providers prepare for the treatment plans to improve their functional outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with independent walking disability in the early postoperative period after fragility hip fractures.

Material and methods

This retrospective cohort study involved 394 patients with fragility hip fractures with either intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric, or femoral neck fractures from January 2018 to June 2023. The related factors including preoperative demographics, perioperative, and postoperative factors, were collected and analyzed. The endpoint was the independent walking disability of patients at 6 weeks after surgery.

Results

110 patients (27.9%) were disabled, whereas 284 patients (72.1%) could walk independently at postoperative 6 weeks. The multivariable risk ratio regression analysis showed that patients with age ≥80 years (RR 1.65; 95% CI 1.21-2.25; P = 0.001), pre-fracture walking with the gait aid (RR 2.03; 95% CI 1.53-2.69; P < 0.001), having ≥2 underlying comorbidities (RR 1.63; 95% CI 1.19-2.23; P = 0.002), preoperative hypoalbuminemia (RR 1.74; 95% CI 1.32-2.29; P < 0.001), and presence of the postoperative medical complication (RR 2.04; 95% CI 1.37-3.02; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with independent walking disability at the early postoperative period of 6 weeks.

Conclusions

Post-hip fracture surgery patients with the presence of postoperative medical complication have the highest risk of independent walking disability. Health care providers should concentrate on high-risk patients, correct the modifiable factors, and minimize any postoperative complications to improve functional recovery and decrease morbidity related to non-ambulation after fragility hip fractures.
Corporate Social Responsibility and the Sustainable Development Goals: Insights from India
Authors: Panda Alaka Bhargabi , Ramegowda Ashalatha , Lakshmana Govindappa , Pawar Manohar
Published: August 2024

This article aims to discuss the contribution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) towards achieving the sustainable goals in India. Drawing on secondary data analysis, first it presents the broad alignment of CSR activities with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Second, it reinforces this alignment by discussing three cases and CSR expenditure patterns at the national level. While acknowledging the important contributions made by CSR, it argues that the scope and coverage of CSR need to expand beyond their immediate milieu and include environmental goals targeted under the SDGs. It also calls for all corporates to contribute to this critical cause. Further, it points out the need to employ professional and people/community-centred approaches in effectively planning and translating CSR projects and programmes. This analysis has implications for reinvigorating and directing CSR towards achieving all SDGs.
Caspase-11 signaling promotes damage to hippocampal CA3 to enhance cognitive dysfunction in infection
Authors: Liang Ni , Li Yi , Yuan Chuang , Zhong Xiaoli , Yang Yanliang , Liang Fang , Zhao Kai , Yuan Fangfang , Shi Jian , Wang Erhua , Zhong Yanjun , Tian Guixiang , Lu Ben , Tang Yiting
Published: August 2024

Background

Cognitive dysfunction caused by infection frequently emerges as a complication in sepsis survivor patients. However, a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenesis remains elusive.

Methods

In our in vivo experiments, an animal model of endotoxemia was employed, utilizing the Novel Object Recognition Test and Morris Water Maze Test to assess cognitive function. Various techniques, including immunofluorescent staining, Western blotting, blood‒brain barrier permeability assessment, Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay, and Proximity-ligation assay, were employed to identify brain pathological injury and neuroinflammation. To discern the role of Caspase-11 (Casp11) in hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic cells in endotoxemia-induced cognitive decline, bone marrow chimeras were generated through bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using wild-type (WT) and Casp11-deficient mice. In vitro studies involved treating BV2 cells with E. coli-derived outer membrane vesicles to mimic in vivo conditions.

Results

Our findings indicate that the deficiency of Casp11-GSDMD signaling pathways reverses infection-induced cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, cognitive dysfunction can be ameliorated by blocking the IL-1 effect. Mechanistically, the absence of Casp11 signaling significantly mitigated blood‒brain barrier leakage, microglial activation, and synaptic damage in the hippocampal CA3 region, ultimately leading to improved cognitive function.

Conclusion

This study unveils the crucial contribution of Casp11 and GSDMD to cognitive impairments and spatial memory loss in a murine sepsis model. Targeting Casp11 signaling emerges as a promising strategy for preventing or treating cognitive dysfunction in patients with severe infections.