bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond journalism: Theorizing the transformation of journalism
Authors: Deuze Mark , Witschge Tamara
Published: February 2017

Journalism has enjoyed a rich and relatively stable history of professionalization. Scholars coming from a variety of disciplines have theorized this history, forming a consistent body of knowledge codified in national and international handbooks and canonical readers. However, recent work and analysis suggest that the supposed core of journalism and the assumed consistency of the inner workings of news organizations are problematic starting points for journalism studies. In this article, we challenge the consensual (self-)presentation of journalism – in terms of its occupational ideology, its professional culture, and its sedimentation in routines and organizational structures (cf. the newsroom) in the context of its reconfiguration as a post-industrial, entrepreneurial, and atypical way of working and of being at work. We outline a way beyond individualist or institutional approaches to do justice to the current complex transformation of the profession. We propose a framework to bring together these approaches in a dialectic attempt to move through and beyond journalism as it has traditionally been conceptualized and practiced, allowing for a broader definition and understanding of the myriad of practices that make up journalism.
The shifting temporalities of online news: The Guardian’s website from 1996 to 2015
Authors: Bødker Henrik , Brügger Niels
Published: February 2017

As much as news websites news can be characterised by speed and immediacy, they are also recognisable online periodicals, which accumulate preceding news items. This is, as with the constitution of time in general, linked to relations between change and continuity. This article aims to understand how the temporalities of online news have developed since the first news sites in the mid-1990s. The analytical starting point for this is that such temporalities must be understood as a complex interplay between textual elements on different and overlapping levels of the webpage. This article consequently employs a framework for webpage analysis that primarily focuses on the syntactical level where temporalities emerge as relations between textual elements that change at very different intervals. This framework is applied to examples from the different stages of The Guardian’s webpage from 1996 to the present retrieved from the Internet Archive ( www.archive.org ). The shifting constitutions of time that emerge through these analyses point towards how journalistic practices have interacted with and adopted the possibilities of the digital. Due to an inbuilt instability between textual elements on stored websites (as well as other characteristics of online archives), the construction of the empirical base stands in a complex relation to the analytical framework applied. As much as the article is a historical analysis of the temporality of online news, it, thus, also offers a range of methodological considerations as well as thoughts on avenues for further study of how journalism constitutes time within different institutional settings and on different media platforms.
Metastatic disease masquerading as small intestinal tumoural masses: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Sim Jovell Xing Yi , Binte Mohamed Hussain Ilyana Huda , Leow Wei Qiang
Published: February 2017

Metastatic disease presenting clinically as small intestinal tumoural masses has been described in the literature but is uncommon. It is imperative to consider the possibility of metastases before diagnosing a primary small intestinal malignancy. We hereby illustrate two such case reports of metastatic disease presenting as tumoural masses in the small intestines. First is a 63-year-old gentleman with known metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who presented with intestinal obstruction. Radiological imaging of the abdomen revealed a jejuno-jejunal intussusception, secondary to a solitary polypoid tumour. Histology of the polypoid tumour confirmed the presence of clear cell RCC. In our literature review, we note that intussusception is a common presentation in metastatic RCC to the small intestines. Hence, this clinical feature may be useful in determining a metastatic process, even in the setting of a solitary lesion. Second is a 41-year-old lady who presented with massive bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Gross examination of the distal duodeno-jejunectomy specimen reveals aggregates of reddish polypoid tumours. Histological and immunohistochemical techniques culminated in a diagnosis of metastatic choriocarcinoma. Metastatic choriocarcinoma to the small intestines is uncommon, but careful evaluation of histological features coupled with the judicious use of immunohistochemistry and a degree of suspicion can help make the correct diagnosis. In conclusion, metastatic disease masquerading as small intestinal tumoural masses is not uncommon. Judicious use of immunohistochemistry, in addition to the careful identification of pertinent clinical and histological features, can help pathologists reach the correct diagnosis.
Systematic Distortions in Vertical Placement of Features in Drawings of Faces and Houses
Authors: Harrison Neil R. , Jones Julia , Davies Simon J.
Published: February 2017

A crucial part of accurately drawing portraits is the correct vertical positioning of the eyes. Non-experts typically place the eyes higher on the head than they are actually located; however, the explanation for this remains unclear. In Experiment 1, participants drew faces from memory and directly copied from a photograph, to confirm whether biases in observational drawings were related to biases in memory-based drawings. In Experiment 2, participants drew a cat’s face, to test explanations by Carbon and Wirth for the positional bias: the ‘view-from-below, the ‘head-as-box’, and the ‘hair-as-hat’ explanations. Results indicated that none of these three explanations could fully account for the vertical positioning biases observed in drawings of the cat’s face. The findings are discussed in relation to the idea that distortions of vertical alignment in drawings may be related to the position of the most salient features within a face or object.
Direct cannulation of arch vessels for total arch replacement
Authors: Matsuzaki Yuichi , Hirayama Touitsu , Uesugi Hideyuki , Ideta Ichiro , Oshitomi Takashi
Published: February 2017

Objectives:

To observe the efficiency and safety of direct and indirect three arch vessels’ cannulation for bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion during total arch replacement.

Methods:

Between 2002 and 2014, 130 patients underwent total arch replacement with direct and 66 patients with indirect cannulation for antegrade cerebral perfusion under moderate hypothermia. Patients were assigned to the direct cannulation group based on the condition of the aortic arch vessels. Demographics and concomitant surgeries were similar in the two groups. Patient characteristics, surgical and haemodynamic measurements, and postoperative neurologic findings were observed.

Results:

Aortic cross-clamping (120 ± 42 vs 139 ± 65 min; p = 0.032) and cardiopulmonary bypass (178 ± 57 vs 206 ± 71 min; p = 0.025) times were lower in the direct cannulation group. There were no differences in overall hospital mortality (4% vs 6%; p = 0.87), selective antegrade cerebral perfusion time (91 ± 52 vs 100 ± 65 min; p = 0.185), and incidence of neurologic deficit (3% vs 9%; p = 0.07). Indirect cannulation led to more frequent re-exploration for bleeding (5% vs 13%; p = 0.0356). There was no difference in midterm survival (log-rank p = 0.103; mean follow-up times: 4.74 years (direct cannulation), 5.50 years (indirect cannulation)).

Conclusion:

Direct cannulation during mild systemic hypothermia yields excellent outcomes while reducing time and rate of reoperation for bleeding and can be used in total arch replacement without increasing morbidity and mortality.
Impairment of both IRE1 expression and XBP1 activation is a hallmark of GCB DLBCL and contributes to tumor growth
Authors: Bujisic Bojan , De Gassart Aude , Tallant Rémy , Demaria Olivier , Zaffalon Léa , Chelbi Sonia , Gilliet Michel , Bertoni Francesco , Martinon Fabio
Published: February 2017

Key Points

GCB DLBCLs are characterized by a defective IRE1-XBP1 pathway. XBP1 expression reduces GCB DLBCL tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model.
Transgenic line for the identification of cholinergic release sites inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Pankova Katarina , Borst Alexander
Published: February 2017

The identification of neurotransmitter type used by a neuron is important for the functional dissection of neuronal circuits. In the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, several methods for discerning the neurotransmitter systems are available. Here, we expanded the toolbox for the identification of cholinergic neurons by generating a new line FRT-STOP-FRT-VAChT::HA that is a conditional tagged knock-in of the VAChT gene in its endogenous locus. Importantly, in comparison to already available tools for the detection of cholinergic neurons, the FRT-STOP-FRT-VAChT::HA allele also allows for identification of the subcellular localization of the cholinergic presynaptic release sites in a cell-specific manner. We used the newly generated FRT-STOP-FRT-VAChT::HA line to characterize the Mi1 and Tm3 neurons in the fly visual system and found that VAChT is present in the axons of the both cell types, suggesting that Mi1 and Tm3 neurons provide cholinergic input to the elementary motion detectors, the T4 neurons.
miR-29a modulates SCD expression and is regulated in response to a saturated fatty acids diet in juvenile GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Qiang Jun. , Tao Yi. Fan. , He Jie. , Sun Yi. Lan. , Xu Pao.
Published: February 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate target gene expression by binding to the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of the target mRNA. MiRNAs regulate a large variety of genes, including those involved in liver biology and disease. Here, we report for the first time that miR-29a post-transcriptionally regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) by binding to its 3′UTR in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT), Oreochromis niloticus, as shown by a 3′UTR luciferase reporter assay. miR-29a antagomir treatment in vivo resulted in significant up-regulation of SCD expression. We found that miR-29a expression was negatively correlated with SCD expression in GIFT liver. Inhibition of miR-29a led to a significant increase in SCD expression on day 60 induced by a saturated fatty acids diet, thereby increasing conversion of 16:0 and 18:0 to 16:1 and 18:1 and activating serum insulin, which would favor glucose and lipid uptake by the liver. These results indicate that miR-29a regulates SCD levels by binding to its 3′UTR and this interaction affects saturated fatty acids stress induction and insulin and lipid accumulation in serum. Our results suggest that miR-29a is critical in regulating lipid metabolism homeostasis in GIFT liver and this might provide a basis for understanding the biological processes and therapeutic intervention encountered in fatty liver.
Exercise training reveals trade-offs among endurance performance and immune function, but not growth, in juvenile lizards
Authors: Husak Jerry F. , Roy Jordan C. , Lovern Matthew B.
Published: February 2017

Acquired energetic resources allocated to a particular trait cannot then be re-allocated to a different trait. This often results in a trade-off between survival and reproduction for the adults of many species, but such a trade-off may be manifested differently in juveniles not yet capable of reproduction. Whereas adults may allocate resources to current and/or future reproduction, juveniles can only allocate to future reproduction. Thus, juveniles should allocate resources toward traits that increase survival and their chances of future reproductive success. We manipulated allocation of resources to performance, via endurance exercise training, to examine trade-offs among endurance capacity, immune function, and growth in juvenile green anole lizards. We trained male and female captive anoles on a treadmill for eight weeks, with increasing intensity, and compared traits to those of untrained individuals. Our results show that training enhanced endurance capacity equally in both sexes, but immune function was suppressed only in females. Training had no effect on growth, but males had higher growth rates than females. Previous work showed that trained adults have enhanced growth, so juvenile growth is either insensitive to stimulation with exercise, or they are already growing at maximal rates. Our results add to a growing literature that locomotor performance is an important part of life-history trade-offs that are sex- and age-specific.
Double cuticle barrier in two global pests, the whiteflyTrialeurodes vaporariorumand the bedbugCimex lectularius
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Carballo Rocío Gallego , Moussian Bernard
Published: February 2017

The integument protects the organism against penetration of xenobiotics and water that would potentially interfere with homeostasis. In insects that play key roles in a variety of agricultural and ecological habitats this inward barrier is barely investigated. In order to advance in this field, we studied integumental barrier (cuticle) permeability in the two global pests Trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) and Cimex lectularius (bedbug) applying a simple dye-penetration assay. In agreement with our recent findings in Drosophila melanogaster, we show that the surface of these insects is regionalised. We also show that, in contrast to the single barrier in D. melanogaster, two barriers with distinct temperature-sensitive and lipid-based phyisco-chemical material properties act in parallel to protect these insects against penetration of hydrophilic molecules. These findings imply the existence of unexplored mechanisms by which the cuticle acts as a protective coat against penetration of water and xenobiotics including pollutants and insecticides.
Dose Titration Algorithm Tuning (DTAT) should supersede the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) concept in oncology dose-finding trials
Authors: Norris David C.
Published: February 2017

Background. Absent adaptive, individualized dose-finding in early-phase oncology trials, subsequent ‘confirmatory’ Phase III trials risk suboptimal dosing, with resulting loss of statistical power and reduced probability of technical success for the investigational drug. While progress has been made toward explicitly adaptive dose-finding and quantitative modeling of dose-response relationships, most such work continues to be organized around a concept of ‘the’ maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate concretely how the aim of early-phase trials might be conceived of, not as ‘dose-finding’, but as dosing algorithm-finding. Methods. A Phase I dosing study is simulated, for a notional cytotoxic chemotherapy drug, with neutropenia constituting the critical dose-limiting toxicity. The drug’s population pharmacokinetics and myelosuppression dynamics are simulated using published parameter estimates for docetaxel. The amenability of this model to linearization is explored empirically. The properties of a simple dose titration algorithm targeting neutrophil nadir of 500 cells/mm3 using a Newton-Raphson heuristic are explored through simulation in 25 simulated study subjects. Results. Individual-level myelosuppression dynamics in the simulation model approximately linearize under simple transformations of neutrophil concentration and drug dose. The simulated dose titration exhibits largely satisfactory convergence, with great variance in individualized optimal dosing. Some titration courses exhibit overshooting. Conclusions. The large inter-individual variability in simulated optimal dosing underscores the need to replace ‘the’ MTD with an individualized concept of MTDi . To illustrate this principle, the simplest possible dose titration algorithm capable of realizing such a concept is demonstrated. Qualitative phenomena observed in this demonstration support discussion of the notion of tuning such algorithms. The individual-level linearization of myelosuppression dynamics demonstrated for the simulation model used here suggest that a titration algorithm specified in the more general terms of the linear Kalman filter will be worth exploring.
Recent advances in (therapeutic protein) drug development
Authors: Lagassé H.A. Daniel , Alexaki Aikaterini , Simhadri Vijaya L. , Katagiri Nobuko H. , Jankowski Wojciech , Sauna Zuben E. , Kimchi-Sarfaty Chava
Published: February 2017

Therapeutic protein drugs are an important class of medicines serving patients most in need of novel therapies. Recently approved recombinant protein therapeutics have been developed to treat a wide variety of clinical indications, including cancers, autoimmunity/inflammation, exposure to infectious agents, and genetic disorders. The latest advances in protein-engineering technologies have allowed drug developers and manufacturers to fine-tune and exploit desirable functional characteristics of proteins of interest while maintaining (and in some cases enhancing) product safety or efficacy or both. In this review, we highlight the emerging trends and approaches in protein drug development by using examples of therapeutic proteins approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration over the previous five years (2011–2016, namely January 1, 2011, through August 31, 2016).
Representaciones sociales del cáncer de mama, su etiología y tratamiento: un estudio cualitativo en mujeres en el estado de Río de Janeiro
Authors: Ribeiro-Accioly Ana Carla Lima , Férez-Carneiro Terezinha , Magalhães Andrea Seixas
Published: February 2017

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las representaciones sociales del cáncer de mama de mujeres en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, que padecieron la enfermedad; se evaluó la enfermedad, su etiología y tratamiento. Se realizó una investigación de campo, con entrevistas cualitativas con diez mujeres que tenían cáncer de mama, edad entre 45 y 70 años y que se sometieron a una mastectomía. Para la evaluación de los datos, se utilizó el método de análisis de contenido con la obtención de nueve categorías de análisis: definición y etiología del cáncer, descubrimiento de la enfermedad, la pérdida y el papel de los senos, tratamiento, relación con la pareja/vida sexual, reacción de la pareja/familia frente al diagnóstico, la rabia, facilitador del afrontamiento y cambios. Los resultados del estudio enfatizaron que el cáncer es percibido por las mujeres como un riesgo y una amenaza a la vida y que la extirpación de la mama afecta principalmente a la identidad del cuerpo femenino. El cáncer se asocia con las representaciones sociales negativas y su enfermedad provoca muchos cambios significativos en las vidas de estas mujeres
El estudio de la procrastinación humana como un estilo interactivo
Authors: Padilla Vargas María Antonia , Torres Ceballos Carlos Gerardo , Valerio dos Santos Cristiano
Published: February 2017

La procrastinación es un fenómeno que ha cobrado cada vez mayor relevancia dadas las implicaciones que puede tener tanto en las áreas de la educación y la salud, como en la vida diaria en general. Sin embargo, a pesar de su importancia, no se ha estudiado de manera sistemática. En este estudio se examinó el efecto de una tarea con requerimiento de respuesta alto sobre la procrastinación humana. Participaron voluntariamente 12 estudiantes de licenciatura en ingeniería, entre 18 y 20 años de edad, que fueron asignados de manera aleatoria a tres grupos experimentales y un grupo control. La tarea consistió en resolver una cantidad determinada de ejercicios que implicaban calcular, por simple inspección visual, la proporción de puntos verdes y azules desplegados en la pantalla de una computadora, indicando si el número de puntos verdes era mayor o menor que el número de puntos azules. Se dispusieron distractores al alcance de los participantes durante todo el experimento. Los sujetos fueron expuestos a la tarea durante tres fases, una con requerimiento de respuesta alto, que consistió de 200 ejercicios, y dos fases con requerimiento de respuesta bajo de 100 ejercicios cada una. Los resultados no mostraron efectos sistemáticos del requerimiento de respuesta sobre la procrastinación. Sin embargo, se observó un hallazgo consistente, independiente de la condición experimental a la que los participantes se hubieran expuesto: algunos procrastinaron prácticamente en todas las fases, mientras que otros jamás lo hicieron. Ello parece mostrar que la procrastinación es un estilo interactivo idiosincrásico. Se discute la necesidad de realizar más estudios que permitan identificar las variables implicadas en este fenómeno
Asymptotic Optimality of Tailored Base-Surge Policies in Dual-Sourcing Inventory Systems
Authors: Xin Linwei , Goldberg David A.
Published: February 2017

Dual-sourcing inventory systems, in which one supplier is faster (i.e., express) and more costly, while the other is slower (i.e., regular) and cheaper, arise naturally in many real-world supply chains. These systems are notoriously difficult to optimize because of the complex structure of the optimal solution and the curse of dimensionality, having resisted solution for over 40 years. Recently, so-called tailored base-surge (TBS) policies have been proposed as a heuristic for the dual-sourcing problem. Under such a policy, a constant order is placed at the regular source in each period, while the order placed at the express source follows a simple order-up-to rule. Numerical experiments by several authors have suggested that such policies perform well as the lead time difference between the two sources grows large, which is exactly the setting in which the curse of dimensionality leads to the problem becoming intractable. However, providing a theoretical foundation for this phenomenon has remained a major open problem. In this paper, we provide such a theoretical foundation by proving that a simple TBS policy is indeed asymptotically optimal as the lead time of the regular source grows large, with the lead time of the express source held fixed. Our main proof technique combines novel convexity and lower-bounding arguments, an explicit implementation of the vanishing discount factor approach to analyzing infinite-horizon Markov decision processes, and ideas from the theory of random walks and queues, significantly extending the methodology and applicability of a novel framework for analyzing inventory models with large lead times recently introduced by Goldberg and coauthors in the context of lost-sales models with positive lead times.

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Use of photodynamic therapy in the management of papulopustular rosacea
Authors: Boxley Sarah
Published: February 2017

Rosacea is a common, chronic inflammatory skin condition with a significant psychosocial impact. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been found to both selectively destroy sebaceous glands and have an immunomodulatory effect on the skin. Therefore, this modality is being increasingly used in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses. PDT is simple to perform, using equipment that is often already available in aesthetic clinics. This review summarises the evidence base for the use of PDT in the papulopustular subtype of rosacea, common treatment protocols and the management of potential side effects.
Mechanical properties of all-suture anchors for rotator cuff repair
Authors: Nagra N. S. , Zargar N. , Smith R. D. J. , Carr A. J.
Published: February 2017

Objectives

All-suture anchors are increasingly used in rotator cuff repair procedures. Potential benefits include decreased bone damage. However, there is limited published evidence for the relative strength of fixation for all-suture anchors compared with traditional anchors.

Materials and Methods

A total of four commercially available all-suture anchors, the ‘Y-Knot’ (ConMed), Q-FIX (Smith & Nephew), ICONIX (Stryker) and JuggerKnot (Zimmer Biomet) and a traditional anchor control TWINFIX Ultra PK Suture Anchor (Smith & Nephew) were tested in cadaveric human humeral head rotator cuff repair models (n = 24). This construct underwent cyclic loading applied by a mechanical testing rig (Zwick/Roell). Ultimate load to failure, gap formation at 50, 100, 150 and 200 cycles, and failure mechanism were recorded. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Overall, mean maximum tensile strength values were significantly higher for the traditional anchor (181.0 N, standard error (se) 17.6) compared with the all-suture anchors (mean 133.1 N se 16.7) (p = 0.04). The JuggerKnot anchor had greatest displacement at 50, 100 and 150 cycles, and at failure, reaching statistical significance over the control at 100 and 150 cycles (22.6 mm se 2.5 versus 12.5 mm se 0.3; and 29.6 mm se 4.8 versus 17.0 mm se 0.7). Every all-suture anchor tested showed substantial (> 5 mm) displacement between 50 and 100 cycles (6.2 to 14.3). All-suture anchors predominantly failed due to anchor pull-out (95% versus 25% of traditional anchors), whereas a higher proportion of traditional anchors failed secondary to suture breakage.

Conclusion

We demonstrate decreased failure load, increased total displacement, and variable failure mechanisms in all-suture anchors, compared with traditional anchors designed for rotator cuff repair. These findings will aid the surgeon’s choice of implant, in the context of the clinical scenario. Cite this article: N. S. Nagra, N. Zargar, R. D. J. Smith, A. J. Carr. Mechanical properties of all-suture anchors for rotator cuff repair. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:82–89. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.62.BJR-2016-0225.R1
Beneath the bias, the crisis: The press, the independent media and the Scottish referendum
Authors: Wayne Michael
Published: February 2017

This article examines the coverage of the Scottish referendum of 2014 by the press in the context of a multi-nation state with diverging political cultures. Evidence of press bias is assessed but the article argues that the more interesting question is why, despite the bias, there was considerable neutrality or even pro-independence views, given that the referendum posed an existential threat to the British state? The article argues that the political crisis was also a crisis for some sections of the press, who in a complex and contradictory context had their un-reflexive unionism mitigated. Signs of historic re-alignments among the Scottish electorate – especially the working class vote – threw the press on the defensive. The article also considers the impact of the independent media and the use of the Internet and social media to facilitate a grassroots campaign for independence, which again made the press look out of touch with popular currents. The political and media crisis is situated in the context of the contest between neo-liberalism and social democracy and draws on a Gramscian framework to analyse this.
Influence of Valsartan on the thermodynamics of micellization of anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
Authors: Stopková L. , Hriňaková A. , Bezáková Ž. , Andriamanty F. , Žufková V.
Published: February 2017

In this manuscript was investigated behaviour of drug valsartan by micellar media of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate. As the method was used electrical conductivity for the determination of critical micelle concentration at different temperatures (T = 293.15 - 313.15 K), as well as calculated thermodynamic parameters like standard Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of micellization. According to contribution of Gibbs free energy is the process of micellization primarily controlled by entropy. Solubilization of valsartan was studied in surfactant system at 298.15 K and physiological conditions pH 7.4 using UV-spectrophotometry at different concentration range (0.001 - 0.07 mol/l) of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The solubilization of drug was observed with increasing concentration of surfactant in aqueous solution.
Virtual screening of combinatorial library of novel benzenesulfonamides on mycobacterial carbonic anhydrase II
Authors: Dikant F. , Gáplovský F. , Garaj V.
Published: February 2017

Combinatorial library of novel benzenesulfonamides was docked (Schrodinger Glide) into mycobacterial carbonic anhydrase (mtCA II) and human (hCA II) isoforms with an aim to find drug candidates with selective activity on mtCA II. The predicted selectivity was calculated based on optimized MM-GBSA free energies for ligand enzyme interactions. Selectivity, LogP (o/w) and interaction energy were used to calculate the selection index which determined the subset of best scoring molecules selected for further evaluation. Structure-activity relationship was found for fragment subsets, showing us the possible way regarding how to influence lipophilicity without affecting ligand-enzyme binding properties.
Dal Cairo a Roma. Visual Arts and Transcultural Interactions between Egypt and Italy
Authors: Radwan Nadia
Published: February 2017

Cross-cultural interactions between Egypt and Italy have had a significant impact on Egyptian modern art. By the end of the nineteenth century many Italian painters had established their studios in Cairo and Alexandria and worked as professors in art schools. They were committed to the institutionalization of the artistic practice, in particular, in the conception of the School of Fine Arts in Cairo established by Prince Youssef Kamal in 1908. Additionally, a number of young Egyptians belonging to the generation of the so-called “pioneers” received grants to study art in Italy, in particular in Rome and Florence. These ties were strengthened by the political climate and the diplomatic relationships between the Egyptian monarchy and the Italian government. This article proposes to examine the impact on visual culture created by the mobility of artists and circulation of images between Egypt and Italy. In this context, it aims to shed light on transnational exchanges and networks generated by spaces of cultural encounters or “contact zones” during the first quarter of the twentieth century.
Am I Obliged to Imitate You? On Copying the Grande Odalisque for the Ottoman Collection of Paintings Elvah-ı Nakşiye
Authors: Artun Deniz
Published: February 2017

In 1813, Caroline Murat, the Queen of Naples and Napoleon’s youngest sister, commissioned Jean-Auguste Ingres, the director of Villa Medici at the time, a painting (Ingres 1994: 66). It was upon this commission that Ingres created in Rome, the future icon of orientalism: La Grande Odalisque. The most reproduced masterpiece of the Louvre, second only to the Mona Lisa, La Grande Odalisque was copied by a “young Turk”, Haşmet Aral in 1951. Aral was sent to Paris with a state scholarship aimed at expanding his expertise in painting and this time it was his commission to paint the Odalisque. Upon his return, his copy was represented in the museum of copies, an initiative launched in 1915 by historian and museologist Halil Edhem, brother of celebrated Osman Hamdi, and expanded by several of his followers. This paper will bring to the foreground Haşmet Aral’s encounter as a copyist of Odalisque, with the views of Lhote and Leger, the masters he worked with in Paris, on the task of copy and Ingres. It will also dwell on the “achievements” of Aral as compared to other copyists and interpreters of the Ingres’ masterpiece among whom are Delacroix, Picasso, Matisse and Modigliani. And finally it will bring on the agenda the context and possible effects of the inclusion of La Grande Odalisque to the collection of a museum in Istanbul, the old capital of the Orient, at a time when orientalism was not yet criticised.
Aesthetics of Decolonization – The Magazine Souffles (1966–1972)
Authors: von Osten Marion
Published: February 2017

The magazine Souffles was published by intellectuals and poets in Morocco from 1966 to 1972. It functioned as a node, medium, and interface in the intellectual, political and artistic production of a post-colonial subjectivity. Going beyond existing studies of Souffles that mainly looked on its relevance for literature production in Morocco, this article highlights the contributions by visual artists and transnational solidarity movements for the magazine’s translocal constitution. This includes encounters, relations and transfers between radical art and political discourses and practices, as well as the transnational context in which the magazine’s post-colonial aesthetic proposals emerged. The article is based on insights conducted in a research project with the same title that studies the magazine’s polyphone character in a trans-disciplinary manner. It combines artistic research, interviews and conversations looking closely at the visual and aesthetic proposals as well as written testimonies in dialogue with a socio-political reading of the publication, considering as well recent theories on aesthetics and concepts developed in the field of postcolonial studies.
Semi-formal verification of closed-loop specifications in the concept design phase
Authors: Richter Jan H. , Friedrich Stefan R.
Published: February 2017

The article addresses the semi-formal verification of behavioral specifications for subsystems consisting of physical
parts and controllers, complemented by simulation-based integration testing. Since design errors in early phases tend to
be particularly expensive, the method is tailored towards applicability in these phases. We verify behavioral
specifications with proof-like credibility, or falsify them while providing a violation scenario that is reusable as
a test case. The system is represented as a mixed logical dynamical (MLD) system, and specifications are expressed by
a temporal logic with affine signal abstractions. The verification problem is converted into an equivalent mixed-integer
linear feasibility problem solved using off-the-shelf solvers. An example illustrates the effectiveness of the method.
sss & sssMOR: Analysis and reduction of large-scale dynamic systems in MATLAB
Authors: Castagnotto Alessandro , Varona Maria Cruz , Jeschek Lisa , Lohmann Boris
Published: February 2017

We present two MATLAB toolboxes, provided as open-source code, that expand the capabilities of the Control System Toolbox
to large-scale models. sss allows the definition and analysis of sparse state-space (sss)
objects with functions (such as bode, step, norm,…) revisited to exploit the
sparsity of the system matrices. sssMOR entails model reduction algorithms that capture the relevant
dynamics of high order systems in models of significantly lower dimensions. The sssMOR_App provides a graphical
user interface for easy interaction with the tools. With sss and sssMOR it is possible to
analyze dynamical systems with state-space dimensions higher than O(104), which is typically the limit for
built-in ss objects. In this contribution, we give a first introduction to the toolboxes and the main
functionality. Numerical examples show the advantages of using the tools.
Mother Sense, Language, and Logic
Authors: Petrilli Susan
Published: February 2017

Victoria Welby conceived a special approach to the theory of meaning, which she designated with the expressionSignifics. A central concept in her works is what she namesmother sense, which she discusses in her correspondence with such figures as the English philosopher Ferdinand C. S. Schiller and the American pragmatist Charles Sanders Peirce, among others. Beyond her contribution to questions of the linguistic, semiotic, practical ethical, and pedagogical orders, the implications of her theory of meaning are particularly interesting for the “woman question” and for feminist discourse generally.
Preparation, characterization, and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligochitosan
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Thuy , Hoang Dong Quy , Nguyen Ngoc Duy , Nguyen Quoc Hien , Nguyen Dai Hai
Published: February 2017

The preparation of oligochitosan through the heterogeneous degradation of chitosan/H2O2 combined with the homogeneous reaction of chitosan with H2O2 under gamma radiation was studied. Oligochitosan with weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of less than 10 kDa could be efficiently prepared by gamma Co60 irradiation of chitosan solution (4%) and hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) at doses ranging from 8 to 24 kGy. The Mw, chemical structure, and the crystallinity of chitosan and oligochitosan were characterized by GPC, FT-IR, and XRD. The solubility and antioxidant activity of chitosan and of oligochitosan with the different molecular weights were investigated. Results showed that oligochitosan CS5 (20 kGy) and CS6 (24 kGy) have good solubility in the pH range of 3 to –11. The scavenge percentage of CS5 against 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical is 99.2% in 90 min. The antioxidant activity of oligochitosan is effective in a short time period; therefore, it has potential application as an effective and natural antioxidant.
Soret and Dufour Effects on Three Dimensional Upper-Convected Maxwell Fluid with Chemical Reaction and Non-Linear Radiative Heat Flux
Authors: Ramzan M. , Bilal M. , Chung Jae Dong
Published: February 2017

Three dimensional chemically reactive upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid flow over a stretching surface is considered to examine Soret and Dufour effects on heat and mass transfer. During the formulation of energy equation, non-linear radiative heat flux is considered. Similarity transformation reduces the partial differential equations of flow problem into ordinary differential equations. These non-linear differential equations are then solved by using bvp4c MATLAB built-in function. A comparison of the present results with the published work is also included. Effects of some prominent parameters such as Soret and Dufour number, chemical reaction parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number and thermal radiation on velocity, temperature and concentration are discussed graphically and numerically. A comparison with the previously published work is also included in a tabular form.
The effects of antenatal glucocorticoid exposure on fetal and neonatal skin maturation
Authors: August Deanne , Kandasamy Yogavijayan
Published: February 2017

Aims:

The use of antenatal glucocorticoids in women with preterm labor has dramatically improved outcomes for premature infants. The most commonly used antenatal glucocorticoids are betamethasone and dexamethasone. Glucocorticoids accelerate fetal lung growth by several mechanisms, including the maturation of type II pneumocytes enabling surfactant production. Furthermore, the lipids in the lung share similarity with those in the skin. Therefore, antenatal administration of glucocorticoids may have effects on the structure and function of the developing epidermal barrier in fetuses and neonates.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review to characterize these effects, identifying 11 studies (six animal and five human studies).

Results:

Five out of the six animal studies used a rodent model for investigating the effects of antenatally administered glucocorticoids, while the other used an ovine model. Antenatally administered glucocorticoids accelerated skin maturation in animal studies, but studies of human fetuses found conflicting results. None of the reviewed studies compared the effects of different types of glucocorticoids.

Conclusions:

More human studies are needed to fully understand the effects of antenatal steroids. However, as the antenatal use of glucocorticoids in preterm pregnancies has become part of standard clinical practice, it would be unethical to carry out a large randomized controlled trial. We may have to rely on animal models to improve our understanding of the effects of antenatal glucocorticoid exposure on the fetal and neonatal skin maturation.
Crystal structure of N-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-methylaniline, C14H11Cl2N
Authors: Yuan Hua , Chen Chunni , Wang Linyan
Published: February 2017

C14H11Cl2N, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.1494(3) Å, b = 14.4196(5) Å, c = 14.2686(8) Å, β = 97.055(5)°, V = 1255.64(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0347, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0894, T = 290 K.
Corrosion protection of zirconium surface based on Heusler alloy
Authors: Horáková Kateřina , Cichoň Stanislav , Lančok Ján , Kratochvílová Irena , Fekete Ladislav , Sajdl Petr , Krausová Aneta , Macák Jan , Cháb Vladimír
Published: February 2017

Fe and Si films were tested as corrosion protection layers for Zr in nuclear industry applications. Surface chemistry of Zr in dependence on the preparation conditions and layout of the films was complexly investigated by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Corrosion experiments were carried out in autoclave conditions with in-situ Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. A clean Zr surface is characteristic with disposition to disorder and rough morphology demonstrated in facets, steps or terraces. Upon deposition of Fe and Si atoms in amounts in the order of single monolayers and subsequent annealing at 400°C, the original (1×1) Zr surface structure rearranges into (2√3×2√3)R30°. Corrosion experiments show that a thicker Si overlayer successfully suppresses oxygen uptake of the underlying Zr material by forming a diffusion barrier. The barrier effect of the films was also confirmed for hydrogen.
Application of polyurethane membrane with surface modified ZSM-5 for pervaporation of phenol/water mixture
Authors: Ye Hong , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Zhongguo , Song Boyu , Song Weiwei
Published: February 2017

In the present work, β-cyclodextrin was grafted to the surface of ZSM-5 via 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (ETMAC) and epichlorohydrin (EPI) as the bridging agent by ion exchange and sequential grafting. The mixed matrix membranes were prepared using polyurethane (PU) and ZSM-5 before and after modification. Modified ZSM-5 and corresponding MMM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). These membranes were applied for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution in pervaporation process. The results showed that modified ZSM-5 dispersed homogeneously in polymer. The flux and pervaporation separation index of PU increased greatly with a limited decrease in selectivity by the addition of modified ZSM-5. The increased feed temperature enhanced both the flux and separation factor of PU and modified PU membranes.
Screening of fatty acid composition in Nitzschia sp.
Authors: Demirel Zeliha , Imamoglu Esra , Conk Dalay Meltem
Published: February 2017

Introduction

The main target of this study was to compare the effects of nitrogen limitation and light intensities on cell growth, lipid content and fatty acid profile of Nitzschia sp.

Methods

F/2 medium and N-free F/2 medium were both tested at two different light intensities of 11 and 56 μEm−2s−1 in the internal loop air-lift photobioreactor for Nitzschiasp.

Results

The presence of nitrogen led to more cells grown efficiently. Furthermore, the increase in chlorophyll content went parallel to the increase in dry weight. The most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) which constituted 17%–42% and 15%–48% of total fatty acids for all growth conditions, respectively. It was recorded that palmitoleic acid was present at higher concentrations than palmitic acid.

Discussion and conclusion

The noteworthy finding was that the lipid content increased with increasing the growth rate of Nitzschia sp. under phototrophic conditions.
Role of halogen substituents in a series of polymorphic 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine derivatives with highly flexible groups
Authors: Akune Yoko , Hirosawa Risa , Koseki Atsushi , Matsumoto Shinya
Published: February 2017

The crystal structures of the ortho-X-benzyl derivatives, where X=F, Cl, Br, I, and Me, of 2,5-bis(N,N-dibenzylamino)-3,6-dicyanopyrazine dyes (C34H24N6X4) were analysed to evaluate the effect of a systematic series of structures on the occurrence of polymorphism. Detailed crystal structure analysis indicated that the thermally stable forms of the polymorphic derivatives (Cl and Br derivatives) were close-packed, whereas those of the non-polymorphic derivatives (F and I derivatives) were stabilised by an intermolecular interaction involving the ortho-substituents. In the thermally metastable forms of the polymorphic derivative, halogen-halogen and halogen-nitrogen interactions contributed to the stabilisation of these crystals in the same way as the thermally stable form of the non-polymorphic derivatives. This indicated that the ease of polymorph occurrence would require an appropriate balance between the crystal energy of the close-packed structure and that of the crystal structure generated mainly by the electrostatic interactions involving the halogens in these halogenated pyrazine derivatives. In addition, the similar tendency of the occurrence of polymorphs in these halogenated pyrazine derivatives was found in 19 sets of halogenated compounds having known crystal structures of F, Cl, Br and I derivatives including at least one polymorphic derivative in the crystal structure database.
A Co(II) complex based on a mixed N- and O-donor: synthesis, structural characterization, and properties
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Hong , Xia Jing-Jing , Sang Hai-Yun , Chen Jing
Published: February 2017

The hydrothermal reaction of 5,5′-[(pyridine-3,5-dicarbonyl)bis(azanediyl)]diisophthalic acid (H4L) with a Co(II) salt yields the new complex: [Co3(HL)2(H2O)4] (1), which has been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, and elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 exhibits a binodal (4,8)-connected 2D net structure with (420.68)(46)2 topology. The magnetic properties of 1 were also investigated.