bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary fine-tuning of residual helix structure in disordered proteins manifests in complex structure and lifetime
Authors: Elkjær Steffie , Due Amanda D. , Christensen Lise F. , Theisen Frederik F. , Staby Lasse , Kragelund Birthe B. , Skriver Karen
Published: January 2023

Transcription depends on complex networks, where folded hub proteins interact with intrinsically disordered transcription factors undergoing coupled folding and binding. For this, local residual structure, a prototypical feature of intrinsic disorder, is key. Here, we dissect the unexplored functional potential of residual structure by comparing structure, kinetics, and thermodynamics within the model system constituted of the DREB2A transcription factor interacting with the αα-hub RCD1-RST. To maintain biological relevance, we developed an orthogonal evolutionary approach for the design of variants with varying amounts of structure. Biophysical analysis revealed a correlation between the amount of residual helical structure and binding affinity, manifested in altered complex lifetime due to changed dissociation rate constants. It also showed a correlation between helical structure in free and bound DREB2A variants. Overall, this study demonstrated how evolution can balance and fine-tune residual structure to regulate complexes in coupled folding and binding, potentially affecting transcription factor competition.
Water masses shape pico-nano eukaryotic communities of the Weddell Sea
Authors: Flegontova Olga , Flegontov Pavel , Jachníková Nikola , Lukeš Julius , Horák Aleš
Published: January 2023

Polar oceans belong to the most productive and rapidly changing environments, yet our understanding of this fragile ecosystem remains limited. Here we present an analysis of a unique set of DNA metabarcoding samples from the western Weddell Sea sampled throughout the whole water column and across five water masses with different characteristics and different origin. We focus on factors affecting the distribution of planktonic pico-nano eukaryotes and observe an ecological succession of eukaryotic communities as the water masses move away from the surface and as oxygen becomes depleted with time. At the beginning of this succession, in the photic zone, algae, bacteriovores, and predators of small eukaryotes dominate the community, while another community develops as the water sinks deeper, mostly composed of parasitoids (syndinians), mesoplankton predators (radiolarians), and diplonemids. The strongly correlated distribution of syndinians and diplonemids along the depth and oxygen gradients suggests their close ecological link and moves us closer to understanding the biological role of the latter group in the ocean ecosystem.
Anomalous optical response of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride substrates
Authors: Toksumakov Adilet N. , Ermolaev Georgy A. , Tatmyshevskiy Mikhail K. , Klishin Yuri A. , Slavich Aleksandr S. , Begichev Ilya V. , Stosic Dusan , Yakubovsky Dmitry I. , Kvashnin Dmitry G. , Vyshnevyy Andrey A. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Volkov Valentyn S. , Ghazaryan Davit A.
Published: January 2023

Graphene/hBN heterostructures can be considered as one of the basic building blocks for the next-generation optoelectronics mostly owing to the record-high electron mobilities. However, currently, the studies of the intrinsic optical properties of graphene are limited to the standard substrates (SiO2/Si, glass, quartz) despite the growing interest in graphene/hBN heterostructures. This can be attributed to a challenging task of the determination of hBN’s strongly anisotropic dielectric tensor in the total optical response. In this study, we overcome this issue through imaging spectroscopic ellipsometry utilizing simultaneous analysis of hBN’s optical response with and without graphene monolayers. Our technique allowed us to retrieve the optical constants of graphene from graphene/hBN heterostructures in a broad spectral range of 250–950 nm. Our results suggest that graphene’s absorption on hBN may exceed the one of graphene on SiO2/Si by about 60%.
One-pot cascade production of 2,5-diformylfuran from glucose over catalysts from renewable resources
Authors: Hong Mei , Liu Yuxiang , Sun Haidi , He Liping , Zhu Junkai , Wang Huixian , Wang Shifa , Li Licheng
Published: January 2023

Lignocellulosic biomass is a potential sustainable feedstock to replace fossil fuels.
Quercetin ameliorates hepatic fat accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice via PPARs
Authors: Zhao Jingqi , Sun Yantong , Yuan Cuiping , Li Tiezhu , Liang Yuan , Zou Haoyang , Zhang Jie , Ren Li
Published: January 2023

Quercetin may regulate gluconeogenesis to ameliorate hepatic fat accumulation via targeting PPARα/γ.
Quercetin modulates the liver metabolic profile in a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model based on metabolomics technology
Authors: Jia Siqi , Wang Ruijuan , Zhang Dongyan , Guan Zhiyu , Ding Tingting , Zhang Jingnan , Zhao Xiujuan
Published: January 2023

Quercetin can alleviate liver metabolic disorder induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress, which is related to its regulatory function of the liver methylation response, bile acid metabolism, and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.
Photocurrent conversion capability of a 2D WS2-polyvinyl alcohol matrix and its DFT-based charge carrier dynamics analysis
Authors: Verma Arpit , Singh Anshika , Chaudhary Priyanka , Tripathi Ravi Kant , Yadav B. C. , Chauhan Pratima , Kumar Devesh
Published: January 2023

In the present research article, we have studied the photodetection mechanism of WS2 nanosheets embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix.
Epitaxial growth of 1D GaN-based heterostructures on various substrates for photonic and energy applications
Authors: Abdullah Ameer , Kulkarni Mandar A. , Thaalbi Hamza , Tariq Fawad , Ryu Sang-Wan
Published: January 2023

This review article focuses on the synthesis of 1D GaN nanowires and shell/core heterostructures using vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) and vapor–solid (VS) growth modes with MOCVD on various substrates for energy conversion and LED applications.
Thermoresponsive star-shaped polymer with heteroarm type with methacrylates: preparation by living radical polymerization method and its topological effect
Authors: Ando Tsuyoshi , Yamaguchi Kazuki , Ajiro Hiroharu
Published: January 2023

Thermoresponsive star-shaped polymer with heteroarm type with methacrylates was prepared by living radical polymerization method with ruthenium catalyst. The effect of the arm structures was also investigated.
Quantitative surface free energy with micro-colloid probe pairs
Authors: Haq Ehtsham-Ul , Zhang Yongliang , O'Dowd Noel , Liu Ning , Leesment Stanislav , Becker Claude , Rossi Edoardo M. , Sebastiani Marco , Tofail Syed A. M. , Silien Christophe
Published: January 2023

Measurement of the surface free energy (SFE) of a material allows the prediction of its adhesion properties.
Luminescence nanothermometry using a trivalent lanthanide co-doped perovskite
Authors: Singh Prashansha , Jain Neha , Shukla Shraddha , Tiwari Anish Kumar , Kumar Kaushal , Singh Jai , Pandey Avinash C.
Published: January 2023

This study investigates in detail the laser-mediated upconversion emission and temperature-sensing capability of (Ca0.99−aYb0.01Era)TiO3.
A novel and efficient one-pot strategy for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles: access to synthesis of penipanoid A and its analogues
Authors: Reddy A. Satyanarayana , Reddy V. Krishna , Rao G. Nageswara , Basavaiah K. , Nagulapalli Venkata Kalyan C.
Published: January 2023

We developed a novel one-pot strategy for synthesizing biologically important 1,2,4-triazole motifs from easily accessible 4-hydroxy phenylacetic acid, formamidine hydrochloride and hydrazine derivatives under mild conditions.
A rapid construction of 1,3,2-benzodiazaborininones [R–B(aam)] from boronic acids and anthranilamides
Authors: Liao Siwei , Liu Kai , Wu Huili , Kuang Qiulin , Hu Xueyuan , Li Yihao , Lu Hongxiao , Yuan Jianyong
Published: January 2023

A simple, efficient and mild methodology for the synthesis of 1,3,2-benzodiazaborininones [R–B(aam)] from boronic acids and anthranilamides on ethyl acetate is described.
Green preparation and characterization of AGC-ZM-2022 as a novel mesoporous silica material using palmitic acid as a natural template
Authors: Moradi Zahra , Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash
Published: January 2023

In this research, for the first time, AGC-ZM-2022 (Arash Ghorbani-Choghamarani and Zahra Moradi-2022) has been reported as a novel mesoporous silica compound. In the described approach, palmitic acid was used as a green and natural template.
A novel hyperbranched polyethyleneimine–graphene composite as shale inhibitor for drilling fluid
Authors: Zhao Luo , Zhu Heming , Tian Guoliang , An Yuxiu
Published: January 2023

Structure of a hyperbranched polymer and graphene composite used as a shale inhibitor.
Synthesis of an amantadine-based novel Schiff base and its transition metal complexes as potential ALP, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitors
Authors: Ajaz Aliya , Shaheen Muhammad Ashraf , Ahmed Maqsood , Munawar Khurram Shahzad , Siddique Abu Bakar , Karim Abdul , Ahmad Nazir , Rehman Muhammad Fayyaz ur
Published: January 2023

Metal complex formation of a Schiff base ligand with Zn(ii), Co(ii), Cr(iii), and VO(iv). α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition by these metal complexes.
Effect of organic solvents on calcium minodronate crystal morphology in aqueous solution: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Zhuang Chen , Chai Muyuan , Zhang Yuhui , Shi Xuetao
Published: January 2023

A modified AE model was applied to morphology prediction of Ca(Min)2 and relationships between morphology change and organic volumes were revealed.
Reactions of diphosphine-stabilized Os3 clusters with triphenylantimony: syntheses and structures of new antimony-containing Os3 clusters via Sb–Ph bond cleavage
Authors: Islam Fahmida , Hasan Md. Sohag , Ghosh Shishir , Richmond Michael G. , Kabir Shariff E. , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: January 2023

The reactivity of the clusters [Os3(CO)10(μ-dppm)] and [HOs3(CO)8{μ3-Ph2PCH2PPh(C6H4-μ2,σ1)}] with SbPh3 has been examined.
Fabrication and catalytic properties of nanorod-shaped (Pt–Pd)/CeO2 composites
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Duan Wenyuan , Zhang Ruiyin , Ma Hao , Ma Cheng , Liang Miaomiao , Zhao Yuzhen , Miao Zongcheng
Published: January 2023

Nanorod-supported (Pt–Pd)/CeO2 catalysts were synthesized by a simple method of dealloying Al91.7Ce8 PtXPd0.3−X (X = 0, 0.075, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3) alloy ribbons.
Synthesis of aryloxyacetamides from arylboronic acids and 2-bromoacetonitrile promoted by alkaline solutions of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Guo Mengping , Li Yingmin , Wen Yongju , Shen Xiuli
Published: January 2023

A novel and metal catalyst-free synthesis of aryloxyacetamides from the corresponding arylboronic acids and 2-bromoacetonitrile promoted by alkaline solutions of hydrogen peroxide has been developed.
Induction of toxicity in human colon cells and organoids by size- and composition-dependent road dust
Authors: Park Sung Bum , Kim Eun-Ah , Kim Ki Young , Koh Byumseok
Published: January 2023

Environmental pollution, including the annual resurgence of particulate matter derived from road dust, is a serious issue worldwide.
A novel double metal-dithizone functionalized polyurethane electrospun nanofiber and film for colorimetric determination of hexavalent chromium
Authors: Dewi Indiah Ratna , Rujiralai Thitima , Putson Chatchai , Cheewasedtham Wilairat
Published: January 2023

This work proposes a highly specific method of Cr6+ determination based on the double reactions of two metals, Co2+ with dithizone to form a (DTZ)-Co2+ complex, and the replacement of Co2+ in the formed complex with Cr6+.
Pyrazolone-type compounds (part II): in vitro and in silico evaluation of antioxidant potential; structure–activity relationship
Authors: Branković Jovica , Milovanović Vesna M. , Petrović Zorica D. , Simijonović Dušica , Petrović Vladimir P.
Published: January 2023

The pyrazolone class comprises a variety of hybrid compounds displaying diverse biological actions.
Fluorido-bridged robust metal–organic frameworks for efficient C2H2/CO2 separation under moist conditions
Authors: Gu Yi-Ming , Yuan You-You , Chen Cai-Lin , Zhao Sheng-Sheng , Sun Tian-Jun , Han Yu , Liu Xiao-Wei , Lai Zhiping , Wang Shu-Dong
Published: January 2023

A new nano MOF with high-coordinated bridged and terminal fluorine species exhibits efficient C2H2/CO2 separation under moist conditions.
Convergent chemoenzymatic synthesis of O-GalNAc rare cores 5, 7, 8 and their sialylated forms
Authors: Gadi Madhusudhan Reddy , Chen Congcong , Bao Shumin , Wang Shuaishuai , Guo Yuxi , Han Jinghua , Xiao Weidong , Li Lei
Published: January 2023

Mucin rare cores 5, 7, and 8 with 1,2-cis glycosidic bonds were prepared with exclusive stereo-selectivity from a versatile precursor. Enzyme-catalyzed regio-selective sialylation was then achieved, yielding natural sialylated rare cores.
Efficient and selective film separation of organism/salt with graded nanofluid channels stimulated by a rigid crystal skeleton
Authors: Zhang Tianmeng , Tan Hao , Du Yao , Huang Haimeng , Shen Mingxia , Liu Xing , Wang Zhongchang , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: January 2023

Polymer microspheres equipped with a porous skeleton network to build fluid channels for efficient water treatment.
Prussian blue analogues for potassium-ion batteries: insights into the electrochemical mechanisms
Authors: Le Pham Phuong Nam , Wernert Romain , Cahu Maëlle , Sougrati Moulay Tahar , Aquilanti Giuliana , Johansson Patrik , Monconduit Laure , Stievano Lorenzo
Published: January 2023

A comprehensive evaluation of a Mn–Fe-based Prussian Blue Analogue suited as positive electrode material for K-ion batteries is made by complementary ex situ and operando characterization techniques – showing fundamental promises and limitations.
Core–shell FTO@Co3O4 nanoparticles as active and stable anode catalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction and proton exchange membrane water electrolysis
Authors: Yeh Yong-Xian , Cheng Chih-Chieh , Jhu Pei-Syuan , Lin Shin-Hong , Chen Po-Wei , Lu Shih-Yuan
Published: January 2023

An anode catalyst, FTO-dispersed Co3+-lean and Ovac-free OER-active Co3O4, was developed for the high performance acidic oxygen evolution reaction and proton exchange membrane water electrolysis.
Spin-engineered Cu–Ni metallic aerogels for enhanced ethylamine electrosynthesis from acetonitrile
Authors: Huang Honggang , Lai Feili , Fu Hui , Chen Yao , Li Hanjun , He Feng , Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Nan , Bai Shuxing , Liu Tianxi
Published: January 2023

Spin engineering is an effective strategy to improve the performance of catalysts, but it has been rarely demonstrated for the acetonitrile reduction reaction (ARR) to date.
Aptamers in cancer therapy: problems and new breakthroughs
Authors: Jin Baijiang , Guo Zhukang , Chen Zhu , Chen Hui , Li Song , Deng Yan , Jin Lian , Liu Yuan , Zhang Yuanying , He Nongyue
Published: January 2023

This review focuses on the obstructions faced by aptamers in cancer therapy applications and recent breakthroughs, showing the future trends of aptamer-conjugated nanomedicines.
Non-rare-earth-doped submicron-grade narrow-band red phosphors for W-LED as well as FED and enhanced Bi3+-doped blue light absorption
Authors: Zhou Yuhan , Chen Hang , Wang Yuhua
Published: January 2023

A submicron narrow-band red phosphors SGO:xBi3+,yMn4+were prepared. The performance of the samples was characterized and the W-LED were encapsulated and prepared. The effect of Bi3+on the luminescence performance was systematically investing.
Salt-assisted pyrolysis of carbon nanosheet and carbon nanoparticle hybrids for efficient microwave absorption
Authors: Wang Wenjian , Ye Weiping , Hou Xingwang , Ran Ke , Huang Yilin , Zhang Zidong , Fang Yuan , Wang Shuai , Zhao Rui , Xue Weidong
Published: January 2023

MOF-derived carbon materials with unique structures are prepared by salt-assisted pyrolysis and exhibit excellent microwave absorbing performance with an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.23 GHz at lower fill ratios of 7%.
Efficient ternary organic photovoltaic device with a non-halogenated solvent via synergistic inhibiting charge recombination and regulating morphology
Authors: Liu Xingpeng , Peng Yichun , Liang Zezhou , Wang Limin , Han Shenghui , Dou Zheng , Lu Xubin , Tong Junfeng , Liu Jiangang , Li Jianfeng
Published: January 2023

Ternary strategies are essential for the development of high-performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Similarly, green and environmentally friendly solvent processing in OPV devices is imperative for commercial applications.
Correction: Dearomatization of benzopyrylium triflates with sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Leveille Alexandria N. , Allegrezza Marissa M. , Laybourn Kalen , Mattson Anita E.
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘Dearomatization of benzopyrylium triflates with sulfoxonium ylides’ by Alexandria N. Leveille et al., Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 12600–12603, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC02023H.
Deterministic domain wall rotation in a strain mediated FeGaB/PMN-PT asymmetrical ring structure for manipulating trapped magnetic nanoparticles in a fluidic environment
Authors: Pathak Pankaj , Yadav Vinit Kumar , Mallick Dhiman
Published: January 2023

The manipulation of domain walls (DWs) in strain-mediated magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructures has attracted much attention recently, with potential applications in precise and location-specific manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs).
Disseminated Juvenile Xanthogranuloma with a Novel MYH9-FLT3 Fusion Presenting as a Blueberry Muffin Rash in a Neonate
Authors: Clark Emily E. , Walton Mollie , Chow Lionel M.L. , Boyd J Todd , Yohannan M David , Arya Shreyas
Published: January 2023

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign proliferative histiocytic disorder of the dendritic cell phenotype. It mostly presents in the pediatric age group as a solitary skin lesion. We describe a rare case of an infant born with disseminated JXG who presented with a blueberry muffin rash at birth. A term infant was noted to have multiple petechiae, purple nodules, and macules (1 mm–2 cm in diameter) and hepatosplenomegaly, at the time of birth. Further investigations revealed thrombocytopenia and direct hyperbilirubinemia and a magnetic resonance imaging showed scattered tiny foci of restricted diffusion in multiple areas of the brain. Patient received multiple platelet transfusions in the first few weeks with gradual improvement in thrombocytopenia. Ultimately, a biopsy of one of the lesions revealed the diagnosis of disseminated JXG with notable atypical features. Somatic mutation analysis showed a novel MYH9-FLT3 fusion, but a bone marrow biopsy was negative. The lesions faded over time, relative to patient's growth and normal neurodevelopment was noted at 18 months of age. JXG should be considered in the differentials of blueberry muffin rash in an infant. Although, JXG is mostly a self-limited condition, congenital disseminated JXG may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Prevention of Mitral Ring Dehiscence by a Simple Modification of Suture Placement
Authors: Makarious Laham Majd , Easo Jerry , Roosta-Azad Mehdy , Kamler Markus
Published: January 2023

Ring dehiscence is a serious complication after mitral valve annuloplasty, tending to occur primarily from the posterior annulus. The tension on the ring sutures during the cardiac cycle is one of the suspected reasons; to minimize this tension, we apply four additional pledgeted sutures positioned supra-annularly at critical hinge points and could achieve a marked reduction of annular dehiscence since.
Monocyte Distribution Width, a Novel Biomarker for Early Sepsis Screening and Comparison with Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Meraj Fatima , Shaikh Sumera , Maqsood Sidra , Kanani Fatima , Khan Hamza , Jamal Saba
Published: January 2023

Objectives Monocyte distribution width (MDW) can be used for the early recognition of sepsis. The study compared the diagnostic accuracy of the MDW with two well-known sepsis biomarkers, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Materials and Methods A study was conducted from July 2021 to October 2021, on 111 patients admitted to the Indus Hospital and Health Network. Patients from the ages of 1 to 90 years were enrolled if hospitalized for more than 24 hours for suspected sepsis to avoid inclusion of patients who had short-term stay in the emergency department. According to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, the clinical team did the characterization of cases as with sepsis or without sepsis. SPSS version 24 was used, and the diagnostic accuracy of MDW was assessed and compared using the area under the curves (AUCs) acquired from receiver operating characteristic curves. Pearson's chi-square/Fisher's exact test (as per need) was applied to determine the association. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results Among 111 patients, 81 (73%) patients were labeled with sepsis and 30 (27%) were without sepsis. We have reported significantly higher MDW, PCT, and CRP levels in septic patients (p < 0.001). The AUC of MDW was comparable with PCT (0.794). Significant cutoff value for the MDW was greater than 20.24 U with 86% sensitivity and 73% specificity.

Conclusion MDW may have a predictive ability similar to PCT and CRP in terms of sepsis and, thus, can be used as a standard parameter for the timely diagnosis of sepsis.
Airway Management of Suspected Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Room
Authors: Maurya Indubala , Maurya Ved Prakash , Mishra Rakesh , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Janjua Tariq , Yunus Mohd , Agrawal Amit
Published: January 2023

The patients of trauma offers a special challenge because of the associated head injury, maxillofacial, neck and spine injuries, which puts the airway at imminent risk. The response time for the emergency team to initiate the airway management determines the outcome of the individual undergoing treatment. A judious implementatin of triage and Advanced Trauma Life Suport (ATLS) guidelines are helpful in the allocation of resources in airway management of trauma patients. One must not get distracted with the severity of other organ systems because cerebral tissue permits a low threshold to the hypoxic insults. Adequate preparedness and a team effort result in better airway management and improved outcomes in trauma patients with variable hemodynamic response to resuscitation. All possible efforts must be made to secure a definitive airway (if required) and should be verified clinically as well as with the available adjuncts. The success of a trauma team depends on the familiarity to the airways devices and their discrete application in various situations.
Complications after Cranioplasty: A Pictorial Narrative with Techniques to Manage and Avoid the Same
Authors: Raju Dimble , Bhosle Rajesh , Patel Shamshuddin , Bhattacharyya Asis Kumar , Aditya Grandhi , Krishnan Prasad
Published: January 2023

Background Cranioplasty following decompressive craniotomy is considered to be a “routine procedure” but several large series have documented a significant amount of both delayed and immediate complications and also a mortality rate of up to 3.6%.

Materials and Methods We went through some of the salient complications (excluding seizures) needing resurgery following interval cranioplasty over the past 18 years at our institution in over 300 cases and analyzed the literature that mention these complications and their treatment.

Results In addition to the commonly mentioned complications, we found some that had been rarely described or not mentioned hitherto in the literature which we have presented as a pictorial narrative. Based on our experience, we recommend some measures that may decrease the incidence or prevent the occurrence of the same.

Conclusions Attention to small but basic surgical techniques will go a long way in preventing unwanted postoperative events.
Does Alteration of the Microbiome Cause Diverticular Disease?
Authors: Roberson Jeffrey L. , Maguire Lillias M.
Published: January 2023

The role of the microbiome in influencing the development and course of human disease is increasingly understood and appreciated. In diverticular disease, the microbiome presents an intriguing potential link between the disease and its long-established risk factors, dietary fiber and industrialization. However, current data have yet to demonstrate a clear link between specific alterations in the microbiome and diverticular disease. The largest study of diverticulosis is negative and studies of diverticulitis are small and heterogeneous. Although multiple disease-specific hurdles exist, the early state of the current research and the many un- or underexplored clinical phenotypes present a significant opportunity for investigators to improve our knowledge of this common and incompletely understood disease.
The Influence of the Microbiome on Anastomotic Leak
Authors: Boatman Sonja , Kohn Julia , Jahansouz Cyrus
Published: January 2023

Anastomotic leak, defined by the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer as “a communication between the intra- and extraluminal compartments owing to a defect of the integrity of the intestinal wall at the anastomosis,” is one of the most devastating complications in colorectal surgery. Much work has been done to identify causes of leak; however, despite advances in surgical technique, the prevalence of anastomotic leak has remained at around 11%. The potential causative role of bacteria in the etiopathology of anastomotic leak was established in the 1950s. More recently, alterations in the colonic microbiome have been shown to affect rates of anastomotic leak. Multiple perioperative factors that alter the homeostasis of the gut microbiota community structure and function have been linked to anastomotic leak after colorectal surgery. Here, we discuss the role of diet, radiation, bowel preparation, medications including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, morphine, and antibiotics, and specific microbial pathways that have been implicated in anastomotic leak via their effects on the microbiome.
Frontal Sinus Trauma Presenting with Frontonasal Cutaneous Fistula: A Unique Case Report
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Shankar Diwakar , Yadav Kuldeep , Kaif Mohammad , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: January 2023

Frontal sinus fractures account for 5 to 15% of craniofacial trauma. Road traffic accidents account for most of the cases. Combined injury of the anterior and posterior table with nasofrontal outflow tract contributes to 67% of craniofacial trauma. We here present an interesting case of a 33-year-old male patient with a traumatic left frontal sinus fracture with a unique presentation of a cutaneous–frontonasal fistula. Treatment algorithms for the management of frontal sinus fractures have been proposed in the past but they should be tailored to the need of the individual patient. Obliteration of the frontonasal outflow tract should be advocated in these cases as they minimize complications.
Value orientation and external political efficacy: assessing the relationship between traditional values, progressive politics and political responsiveness
Authors: Etzel Maximilian
Published: January 2023

Values are often used to explain phenomena associated with problematic political behaviours. For example, the election of far-right parties is often attributed to traditional values. The ‘Cultural Backlash’ thesis (Inglehart and Norris in Cultural backlash: trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2017a) is prominent in this field of research and explains such behaviour by a predominance of progressive issues as the result of Value Change. It is assumed that this causes traditional individuals to perceive the political system as less responsive, which can also be understood as low external political efficacy; however, there is little in the way of empirical research that tests the connection between one’s value orientation and one’s sense of external efficacy (Inglehart and Norris in Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash, 2016; Inglehart and Norris in Cultural backlash: trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017a; Inglehart and Norris in Perspect Polit 15(2):443-453, 2017b). This study aims to fill this gap by examining the effects of traditional values on perceptions of external efficacy, particular attention to the role of predominantly progressive politics. For this purpose, the relationship between values and external efficacy is brought into cross-national context in order to analyse the moderating effect of the degree of progressivity of the respective national political system. To test these assumption with multilevel mixed-effects model, this study uses European Social Survey data from 23 European countries and from the Manifesto Project. The results show that traditional values are negative associated with external political efficacy. They also show that this effect is partially intensified the more progressive the party manifestos are.
Free-electron–light interactions in nanophotonics
Authors: Roques-Carmes Charles , Kooi Steven E. , Yang Yi , Rivera Nicholas , Keathley Phillip D. , Joannopoulos John D. , Johnson Steven G. , Kaminer Ido , Berggren Karl K. , Soljačić Marin
Published: January 2023

When impinging on optical structures or passing in their vicinity, free electrons can spontaneously emit electromagnetic radiation, a phenomenon generally known as cathodoluminescence. Free-electron radiation comes in many guises: Cherenkov, transition, and Smith–Purcell radiation, but also electron scintillation, commonly referred to as incoherent cathodoluminescence. While those effects have been at the heart of many fundamental discoveries and technological developments in high-energy physics in the past century, their recent demonstration in photonic and nanophotonic systems has attracted a great deal of attention. Those developments arose from predictions that exploit nanophotonics for novel radiation regimes, now becoming accessible thanks to advances in nanofabrication. In general, the proper design of nanophotonic structures can enable shaping, control, and enhancement of free-electron radiation, for any of the above-mentioned effects. Free-electron radiation in nanophotonics opens the way to promising applications, such as widely tunable integrated light sources from x-ray to THz frequencies, miniaturized particle accelerators, and highly sensitive high-energy particle detectors. Here, we review the emerging field of free-electron radiation in nanophotonics. We first present a general, unified framework to describe free-electron light–matter interaction in arbitrary nanophotonic systems. We then show how this framework sheds light on the physical underpinnings of many methods in the field used to control and enhance free-electron radiation. Namely, the framework points to the central role played by the photonic eigenmodes in controlling the output properties of free-electron radiation (e.g., frequency, directionality, and polarization). We then review experimental techniques to characterize free-electron radiation in scanning and transmission electron microscopes, which have emerged as the central platforms for experimental realization of the phenomena described in this review. We further discuss various experimental methods to control and extract spectral, angular, and polarization-resolved information on free-electron radiation. We conclude this review by outlining novel directions for this field, including ultrafast and quantum effects in free-electron radiation, tunable short-wavelength emitters in the ultraviolet and soft x-ray regimes, and free-electron radiation from topological states in photonic crystals.
Effect of ambient environment and magnetic field on laser-induced cobalt plasma
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asad , Bashir Shazia , Chishti Naveed Ahmed , Bonyah Ebenezer , Dawood Asadullah , Ahmad Zubair
Published: January 2023

Plasma parameters of magnetically confined Cobalt (Co) plasma have been evaluated by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy at various laser irradiances, under different ambient pressures of two environments such as Ar and Ne and at different time delays. The effect of laser irradiance on Co plasma is exposed in the presence and absence of a Transverse Magnetic field (TMF) while keeping environmental gas pressure constant, i.e., 10 Torr. For this purpose, Co pellets were exposed to Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns) at various laser irradiances ranging from 1 to 2.9 GW cm−2. To investigate the impact of background gas pressures, Co pellets were exposed to various pressure varying from 5 to 760 Torr of Ar and Ne. In the case of time delay variation, the Co plasma parameters Texc and ne decrease exponentially. A significantly pronounced effect of the presence of an external TMF of strength 0.9 T on time-integrated Co plasma parameters has been revealed. Plasma parameters Texc and ne are considerably increased in the presence of TMF in both ambient environments because of being constrained to a very small region due to which collisions will be enhanced. Implementation of the 0.9 T TMF on a laser-induced plasma of Co is responsible for the confinement of plasma. The surface morphology of laser-irradiated Co samples was also discussed to confirm the effect of TMF. Fine and uniform structures are observed in samples treated in the presence of TMF by using the SEM technique.
Atomic-column resolution quantitative composition analysis of AlN interlayer in MOCVD-grown AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure using HAADF-STEM
Authors: Li Q. , Zhang Y.
Published: January 2023

Quantitative compositional analysis using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy was performed for a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition-grown AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure at atomic-column resolution. In addition, the effects that different concentrations of Al in the AlN interlayer had on the electronic properties were evaluated. The maximum Al concentration in the AlN interlayer was 0.41, and the compositional grading at the upper and lower AlN interfaces resulted in an asymmetric broadening of the interface. Calculations show that increasing the Al concentration in the AlN interlayer leads to an approximately linear increase in the two-dimensional electron gas sheet density. The alloy scattering is also effectively suppressed when the Al concentration is greater than 0.4.
Superconductor/magnetoresistance mixed sensor with magnetic flux guides for three-dimensional magnetic field measurement
Authors: Chen Shizhao , Yang Lan
Published: January 2023

The superconductor/magnetoresistance (SC/MR) mixed sensor has the advantage of ultra-high sensitivity, but it is only sensitive to unidirectional magnetic fields that are perpendicular to the superconducting flux-to-field transformation amplifier (SFTA). This inherent characteristic limits its applications in three-dimensional magnetic field detection. This paper presents a new architecture of the SC/MR mixed sensor with magnetic flux guides to realize three-dimensional magnetic field measurement. The finite element analysis method was used to confirm the performance of the mixed sensor, which theoretically proved the feasibility of three-dimensional magnetic field measurement and analyzed the influence of the magnetic field detection errors caused by the installation errors of MFGs. Finally, a mixed sensor composed of a whole-SFTA, four tunneling magnetoresistances, and two layers of MFGs was prepared, and experimental performances were obtained. Indeed, the mixed sensor can measure the three-dimensional magnetic field. This work is a meaningful contribution to the development of three-dimensional weak magnetic field detection.
Probing an enhanced anisotropy Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity in polycrystalline Al doped SnSe nanostructure
Authors: Athithya S. , Jibri K. P. Mohamed , Harish S. , Hayakawa K. , Kubota Y. , Ikeda H. , Hayakawa Y. , Navaneethan M. , Archana J.
Published: January 2023

Recently, SnSe based thermoelectric materials attained much interest due to their environment friendly IV–VI semiconductor group. Herein, Al doped SnSe (Sn1−xAlxSe) specimens were prepared by combined ball milling and spark plasma sintering. High resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis of (Sn1−xAlxSe) nanostructure samples confirmed the existence of different crystal defects and dislocation induced by Al doping. Lower thermal conductivity (0.63 W/mK at 750 K) is observed for Sno.92Al0.08Se samples than pristine SnSe (1.14 W/mK at 750 K), which is mainly attributed to various crystal defects, such as lattice dislocation, stacking fault, grain boundary scattering, and excellent anharmonic bonding nature of SnSe. The maximum electrical conductivity is observed for the SAS-2 sample, which correlates well with the low activation energy of 0.20 eV. The minimal doping of Al (SAS-2) decoupled the strong interdependency of electrical and thermal transport properties, leading to a maximum ZT of 0.18 at 743 K. The Al doped SnSe (Sn1−xAlxSe) induced point defects in the sample, which provides a new strategy for waste heat recovery.
Optimizing particulate matter sensor by using piezoresistive microcantilever for volatile organic compounds applications
Authors: Suresh Vasagiri , Burra Rajesh Kumar
Published: January 2023

Pollution introduces harmful substances into the natural environment, resulting in environmental alterations. Industries are a major source of air pollution because of many power plants, chamber processes, cleaning operations, and material burning processes. Volatile organic compounds and other contaminants are discharged into the atmosphere. Sensor fusion technology-based air pollution has been proposed in this study to meet the national air quality criteria, and several nations have implemented emission monitoring systems. It is common knowledge that PM2.5 sensors can be found in air purifiers, in the immediate surroundings, and in everyday lives. PM2.5 particles can be more accurately detected by increasing the sensitivity to smaller particles and optimizing the flow of particles into the detecting region. The sensors’ responsiveness and sensitivity are excellent based on the testing results. A low-cost monitoring system can benefit from this technology since it may be used to give data on the levels of nitrogen, particulate matter, and inorganic nitrates.
Magnetic anisotropy as an evidence of local magnetic moments in paramagnetic phase of Cr-V alloys
Authors: Jesus de Oliveira Adilson , Maria de Oliveira Letícia , César de Camargo Paulo , Narcizo de Souza Paulo Eduardo , Yokaichiya Fabiano
Published: January 2023

Chromium-rich Cr-V alloys exhibit three phases. The paramagnetic phase (P) above Néel temperature (TN), a transverse polarization spin-density-wave (SDW) phase (AF1) below TN and above the spin–flip temperature (TSF), when the longitudinal polarization SDW phase (AF2) is formed. In the paramagnetic phase, Cr exhibit a Pauli susceptibility with weak temperature dependence. Otherwise, the introduction of small amounts of V in Cr not only decreases TN continuously, but also induces a Curie-Weiss behavior (CW) that we associate with local magnetic moments. This behavior is limited up to 0.67%V and magnetic fields of 15 kOe and was also observed for different Cr alloys. The origin of local magnetic moments has been associated with the establishment of local spin-density waves (LSDW) around V impurities. In this work, we presented an investigation of the effects of local magnetic moments in antiferromagnetic phases in Cr-V alloys. The magnetic susceptibility measurements around the spin–flip transition suggest that the local-SDW induces the strong magnetic anisotropy in the long-range order of the spin-density wave as it is revealed in the thermomagnetic results.
Construction waste recycling in the circular economy model
Authors: Mikhno I , Ihnatenko N , Cherniaiev O , Vynogradnya V , Atstaja D , Koval V
Published: January 2023

The disposal of construction waste, the amount of which is constantly growing due to hostilities in Ukraine and outdated housing stock that has lost its consumer properties is an acute problem. The study proposes adopting the circular economy and the principles of improving the security and environmental situation in Ukraine to restore the country’s potential. The article analyzes the main stages and processes of construction waste disposal, taking into account their fractional recycling and reuse in the reconstruction of settlements, which is based on the rational use of resources and innovations and will reduce the cost of restoring destroyed settlement areas. Efficient construction is possible only if environmental and economic indicators are improved, the level of safety and manufacturability are improved. A methodology for assessing the effectiveness of future construction has been developed and recommendations for its improvement have been given.
Effective substrate for the growth of multilayer h-BN on sapphire—substrate off-cut, pre-growth, and post-growth conditions in metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Tokarczyk Mateusz , Dąbrowska Aleksandra Krystyna , Kowalski Grzegorz , Bożek Rafał , Iwański Jakub , Binder Johannes , Stępniewski Roman , Wysmołek Andrzej
Published: January 2023

The substrate is one of the key components that determines the quality of the epitaxial layers. However, the implications of growing two-dimensional layers on three-dimensional bulk substrates have not yet been fully understood, and these implications need to be studied for different combinations of materials and substrates. Here, we present a study that addresses the influence of the sapphire substrate off-cut angle on the final growth of two-dimensional layers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). A two-step wafer-scale process was used in one epitaxial MOVPE procedure. The main process starts with a self-limiting continuous growth of a BN buffer followed by flow-modulated epitaxy in the second step, and is used to study substrates with different off-cuts angles, pre-growth nitridation steps, and post-growth annealing. An initial nitridation step at the growth temperature allowed for the growth of an AlN sublayer. This layer is shown to smooth out the underlying sapphire and establishes an ‘effective’ sapphire/AlN substrate. This step is also responsible for enforcing a specific growth of the BN layer in a crystallographic orientation, which is shown to strongly deviate from the substrate for off-cut angles larger than 0.3°. A substrate with off-cut angle of 1° clearly yields the highest quality of h-BN layers as evidenced by the lowest amount of debris on the surface, most intense x-ray diffraction signal, minimal Raman phonon line width and thinnest amorphous BN (a-BN) at the interface with the effective substrate. Our study shows that the off-cut angles of sapphire substrates strongly influence the final epitaxial h-BN, clearly indicating the importance of optimal substrate preparation for the growth of two-dimensional BN layers. Post-growth annealing in N2 atmosphere at 800 °C improves the top surface morphology of the final stack, as well as suppresses further the presence of a-BN.
A collisionless singular discrete Cucker-Smale model with deterministic perturbations
Authors: Ru Lining , Wang Jun , Liu Yicheng , Wang Xiao
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we investigate two non-linearly perturbed extensions of the discrete Cucker-Smale model with singular coupling weights. The first perturbation is that all agents have non-identical free-will accelerations, and the second is that all agents have identical intrinsic dynamics with the Lipschitz property. For the first model, we apply the induction method and discrete energy method to show that agents avoid collisions for any time and flocking occurs under some initial conditions, if the diameter of agents’ free-will accelerations is summable. For the second model, we obtain collision-avoiding flocking occurrence under suitable initial data and the Lipschitz constant of the function for the intrinsic dynamics. We also provide several numerical examples to illustrate our main results.
A product model for generalizing Poincaré-type Kähler metrics
Authors: Addison Ethan
Published: January 2023

We begin by defining a type of Kähler metric near the zero section of a trivial holomorphic open disk bundleNNover a compact Kähler manifoldXXby incorporating flows generated by holomorphic vector fields onXX. These metrics are then shown to deviate exponentially from Poincaré-type metrics onN∖XN\setminus Xin terms of the log-polar distance fromXXinNN. Lastly we see that they arise naturally when perturbing classes containing Poincaré-type Kähler metrics of constant scalar curvature to obtain nearby cscK metrics even when the perturbed class onXXdoes not admit a cscK metric.
The nonexistence of expansive polycyclic group actions on the circle 𝕊¹
Authors: Shi Enhui , Wang Suhua , Xie Zhiwen , Xu Hui
Published: January 2023

We show that the circle

S

1

\mathbb S^1

admits no expansive polycyclic group actions.
Amorphic complexity of group actions with applications to quasicrystals
Authors: Fuhrmann Gabriel , Gröger Maik , Jäger Tobias , Kwietniak Dominik
Published: January 2023

In this article, we define amorphic complexity for actions of locally compact

σ
\sigma

-compact amenable groups on compact metric spaces. Amorphic complexity, originally introduced for

Z

\mathbb {Z}

-actions, is a topological invariant which measures the complexity of dynamical systems in the regime of zero entropy. We show that it is tailor-made to study strictly ergodic group actions with discrete spectrum and continuous eigenfunctions. This class of actions includes, in particular, Delone dynamical systems related to regular model sets obtained via Meyer’s cut and project method. We provide sharp upper bounds on amorphic complexity of such systems. In doing so, we observe an intimate relationship between amorphic complexity and fractal geometry.
Investigating the factors that explain white matter hyperintensity load in older Indians
Authors: Aksman Leon , Lynch Kirsten , Toga Arthur , Dey Aparajit Ballav , Lee Jinkook
Published: January 2023

White matter hyperintensities are areas of hyperintense signal on MRI that typically represent cerebrovascular pathology. While focal white matter hyperintensities are common among older individuals, extensive white matter hyperintensities have been found to accelerate the progression of dementia. However, little is currently known about how various socioeconomic, health, lifestyle and environmental factors affect the severity of these lesions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as India. We investigated this question using cross-sectional MRI data (n = 126) from a pilot neuroimaging sub-study of an ongoing, nationally representative epidemiological study of late-life cognition in India. As a screening step, we estimated white matter hyperintensity load from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI using a fully automated technique and tested for associations with each factor separately, controlling for age, sex and estimated total intracranial volume in each case. A combined model of white matter hyperintensity load included five factors which were significant after multiple comparisons correction: systolic blood pressure, body mass index, urbanicity status (urban versus rural living), daily chore hours and the frequency of store trips. This model explained an additional 27% of the variance in white matter hyperintensity load (54 versus 27% for the baseline model with only age, sex and estimated total intracranial volume). We accounted for the possibility of reverse causality by additionally controlling for concurrent markers of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment, with no substantial change in our findings. Overall, our findings suggest that controlling high blood pressure and maintaining both a healthy body mass index and high levels of physical activity may reduce white matter hyperintensity load in older Indian adults, helping to prevent or delay dementia.