bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Interlayer on the Expansion of Steam Chamber of Oil Sand SAGD Development
Authors: Dou Kangwei , Li Aifen
Published: January 2021

The steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology is currently a more effective frontier technology for the exploitation of heavy oil, and it has a better development effect than other exploitation methods. The formation and expansion of the steam chamber is the key to SAGD technology, and the interlayer is an important influencing factor. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the influence of the interlayer on the expansion of the steam chamber and the effect of SAGD development during the oil sand SAGD development process. In order to study the influence of the interlayer on the expansion of the steam chamber during the oil sand SAGD development process, a double-horizontal well SAGD physical experiment simulation experiment was carried out using the experimental device of the thermal recovery physical simulation system. The influence of interlayer on the expansion law of the steam chamber during the SAGD development of dual horizontal wells is studied. Studies have shown that the interlayer inhibits the longitudinal development of the steam chamber, and the steam chamber is forced to expand laterally along the interlayer to form a steam chamber similar to an inverted triangle. The steam chamber is fully developed in the area below the interlayer, but the steam chamber cannot break through the interlayer.
Research on Urban Resource Allocation and Regional Environmental Innovation in Hefei Metropolitan Area
Authors: Yuan Jie , Hu Yalin
Published: January 2021

The planning of urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas is to better coordinate the development of urban resources and the environment, coordinate the relationship between urban construction and population distribution, resource development, environmental improvement and infrastructure construction. The practice of urban agglomeration resources and environmental planning in developed countries has a history of nearly 100 years, while China is still in its infancy. Take New York, London, Paris, Tokyo and other metropolitan areas as examples, from the distribution of resources, environmental engineering, industrial layout and transportation route distribution as the research objects, study and analyze the planning and development process of urban agglomeration resources and environment. Summarizes the development model and characteristics of urban agglomerations, and puts forward suggestions on the development of resources and environment in the Hefei metropolitan area on this basis.
Application of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis of Water Hydrogen Production Technology in Power Plant
Authors: Xue FangMing , Su JingCheng , Li PeiPei , Zhang Yulong
Published: January 2021

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzed water hydrogen production technology has the advantages of high working current density, high electrolysis efficiency, non-polluting reaction, light weight, compact structure, etc. The small-scale electrolyzed water hydrogen production equipment of this technology is used for hydrogen cooling in power plants. The unit field has a wide range of application prospects. This article first introduces the working principle and technical advantages of PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production technology. By comparing with the quantitative results of alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production technical solutions, it analyzes the technical solutions of PEM electrolysis technology in the hydrogen-cooled generator set of power plants. The equipment composition and economic feasibility further look forward to the development prospects of PEM electrolyzed water technology in power plants and other civilian fields.
Study on PSA Oxygen producing process under plateau region: Effect of purging flow rate on oxygen concentration and recovery
Authors: Fu Yaoguo , Liu Yingshu , Zhang Quanli , Cao Xiguang , Zhao Chunyu
Published: January 2021

The effect of purging flow rate and oxygen product concentration and recovery rate under different altitude conditions (50 m-4540 m) was studied on the PSA oxygen production platform. The results show that the higher the altitude, the less the purging flow rate consumption in PAS process. Product oxygen recovery rate at altitudes of 50 m, 2810 m, 3080 m, 3550 m, 4140 m and 4540 m is 39.6%∼42%, 42%∼47%, 43%∼46%, 43.4%∼45.5%, 42%∼46% and 48%∼52.5% respectively. At the same altitude, the oxygen recovery first increases and then decreases with the increase of purging flow rate, and there is an optimal balance between oxygen recovery and purging flow rate. This study can provide reference for the regulation of oxygen production process of PSA at high altitude.
System Dynamic Modelling of Comprehensive Carrying Capacity for Power Grid Development Planning
Authors: Huo Huijuan
Published: January 2021

In the face of the changing demand of economic and social development and the policy of power system reform, the carrying capacity of power grid development should be calculated to guide the future planning. Based on the causality of the factors in China’s Power Grid Planning, a System dynamics model is constructed to quantitative carrying capacity of power grid development dynamically. A series of indicators were also considered in the model, including the power transmission and distribution pricing policy, power load demand, power grid operation benefit and cost, etc. An example of a regional power grid in China is given to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed model.
Research on the influence and test of core components on relay protection device
Authors: Liu Huihai , Zhang Yifan , Li Wei , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Huiping
Published: January 2021

As the core equipment of power grid, relay protection device plays a key role in the safe and stable operation of power grid. It has become the development strategy of State Grid Corporation of China to research and develop high-performance and high reliability domestic chips and to carry out the localization of core components of relay protection. This paper analyzes the hardware structure of the relay protection device, studies the performance index parameters and performance of the core components of the relay protection device; combined with the operation environment of the relay protection device, analyzes the influencing factors such as temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference, etc., puts forward a part of the test scheme of the general hardware of the relay protection device based on the domestic core, which is the centralized test of the relay protection device based on the "domestic core" Provide reference basis.
Auxiliary service strategy model of power plant participating in peak load regulation
Authors: Lv Xiangyu , Li Dexin , Wang Jiarui , Gong Chuanzheng
Published: January 2021

With the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy, it is necessary to ensure that the peak shaving demand of the system due to the volatility of renewable energy such as wind power can be met. On the premise of ensuring benefits, how to further tap the peak shaving potential of thermal power units and ensure the safe and reliable operation of power system is the primary problem faced by thermal power plants at this stage. According to the mechanism of peak load regulation auxiliary service in Northeast China, this paper puts forward the strategy model of participating in peak load regulation auxiliary service of thermal power plants, so as to provide basis for further tapping the peak load regulation potential of thermal power units and improving the actual consumption of renewable energy such as wind power by power grid.
Simulation and Experimental investigation of Battery Thermal Management System for a Hybrid Vehicle
Authors: Qiu Wanchao , Li Gang , Ouyang Chenzhi , Zeng Jianhong
Published: January 2021

As a essential component in battery pack, thermal management system plays a vital role in controlling battery temperature, prolonging battery lifetime, enhencing battery safety. A battery liquid cooling system for hybrid vehicle is described in this paper. Based on vehicle thermal requirement, the battery thermal system design is optimized by 3D CFD simulation and thermal analysis in STAR-CCM+. Simulation result shows that the targets of battery thermal system can be fulfilled. Two use cases are analyzed in battery bench test, same as the simulation use cases. Comparing simulation result with bench test, it shows that the deviation of battery maximum temperature in high-temperature conditions is 1.8% and in low-temperature condition is 11%. A complete development process of battery TMS is illustrated in this paper and provide research direction for cooling plate optimization and bench test method.
Research on electric load adjustment ability of different types of heat supply units
Authors: Lao Jinxu , Zheng Wei , Zhu Lingkai , Guo Junshan , Lv haizhen
Published: January 2021

With the development of renewable energy and the rapid growth of thermal load, due to the influence of the mode of "determining power by heat", the power grid dispatching in heating season can not accurately adjust the unit load, and the peak load regulation capacity of power grid is limited. Through the load capacity test of cogeneration units in heating season, the adjustment range and limiting factors of different types of units are obtained, which can be used as reference for power generation enterprises and power grid dispatching operation.
Cause analysis and verification method for output adjustment of Shandong Power Grid
Authors: Che Yongqiang , Han Yue , Chen Yisen , Zheng Fengcai , Lv Haizhen
Published: January 2021

Thermal power units account for a large proportion of the total installed capacity of Shandong power grid, so the output adjustment of thermal power units has a great impact on Shandong power grid. This paper analyzes all the output adjustment of thermal power units in Shandong power grid in November 2019, and puts forward a classification method of output adjustment for units with different capacity levels, gives the verification method of output adjustment, and puts forward the suggestions for output adjustment.
Introduction and Efficiency Evaluation of Multi-storage Regional Integrated Energy System Considering Optimal Operation Integrated Demand Side Response
Authors: Wang Shiqian , Yin Shuo , Bai Hongkun , Chen Xing , Jin Man , Yan Jing , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2021

With the depletion of traditional energy sources, the Regional Integrated Energy System (RIES) came into being to solve the energy crisis and the problem of consumption. The battery, the thermal storage electric boiler and the P2G equipment are added into energy system. The impact of system operation was analyzed after adding different equipment. Then, the demand side response of the electric heating and gas are considered, and the economic operation model of the regional integrated energy system is established with the minimum operating cost of the system as the objective function. Seven scenarios were set up for comparative analysis. The results show that the demand side response of electric, heating, and gas are considered in the regional comprehensive energy system with multiple energy storage devices, which not only makes the load achieve the purpose of peak load cutting and valley filling, but also reduces the phenomenon of abandoned wind and sunlight and the system operation cost.
Research on the Key Factors of Improving Thermal Efficiency and Temperature Uniformity of Oven
Authors: Ma Qiyuan
Published: January 2021

As a convenient kitchen appliance, the oven is more and more popular. The thermal efficiency of the oven and the uniformity of the temperature field in the inner chamber are the key indexes to measure the product quality. In this paper, the existing oven in 3D hot air mode of low thermal efficiency and uneven temperature field were analyzed. The heat insulation, heat dissipation system and component structure of the oven were improved, and the effects of various improvement measures on the thermal efficiency and inner temperature field of the oven were simulated. The results show that the thermal efficiency and temperature uniformity of the oven can be greatly improved by increasing the thickness of the insulation cotton, pasting aluminum foil on the inside and outside of the side plate, reducing the speed of the back fan, optimizing the structure of the fan guide vane and the position of the back heating pipe.
Analysis on Abnormal Problems of Steam Turbine of Shandong Power Plant in 2019
Authors: Chen Yisen , Chen Yang , Che Yongqiang
Published: January 2021

The completion of steam turbine main operation indexes of Shandong power plant in 2019 is analyzed. The technical transformation of steam turbine energy saving and the problems found in the technical supervision and inspection are also introduced. Then the main problems in the safety and economy of the steam turbine profession are pointed out, and the next key work for these problems is proposed.
Application of FA in intelligent distribution network
Authors: Zhu Lingkai , Wang Qian , Wang Weishuai , Zhang Haijing
Published: January 2021

As the nerve end of power system, distribution network is a user oriented window for power enterprises. Feeder automation (FA) is an important part of intelligent power distribution, which can monitor line operation, find line faults in time, diagnose fault areas quickly, isolate faults and restore power supply in non fault areas. This paper analyzes FA from the aspects of FA realization mode and start-up strategy, and takes FA usage in Shandong distribution network as an example to illustrate the role of FA in intelligent distribution network.
Theoretical Foundation and Model Construction of Comprehensive Evaluation of Distribution Network
Authors: Wu Tianchen
Published: January 2021

As my country's economy has shifted from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development. The scale of the distribution network is gradually increasing, and the manpower, material and financial resources involved are increasing day by day. Therefore, scientific comprehensive investment evaluation and decision-making for the distribution network is of great significance to the sustainable development of the distribution network. Based on hierarchical analysis method and entropy weight method, this paper proposes an evaluation model of analytic hierarchy process based on entropy weight. Score the indicators of 142 substations in a city, and calculate the comprehensive score of each substation. According to the evaluation results, relevant suggestions are given for the next stage of investment in different power supply stations in a certain city. On this basis, the analytic hierarchy process based on entropy weight is improved. Combining the variable weight theory to optimize the weight calculated by the model, and then obtain a more reasonable comprehensive score of the substation.
Optimization of surface roughness of Titanium Gr-9 Alloy Turning using Taguchi method
Authors: Raghavendra M J , Ramachandra C G , Srinivas T R , Pai M Prashanth
Published: January 2021

In this work, the performance of chemical vapors deposition coated carbide insert has been described by Taguchi’s manner, a whirling of Titanium(gr-9) alloy, for investigation consider a machine hurtful parameters like machining Feed-rate, Depth of cut and Cutting speed by the help of input evaluation of investigation of surface irregularity and cutting tangential force. The experimental test was carried. Based on the optimization techniques like Taguchi’s of an orthogonal array system. The optimization of the output response by the analysis of variants (ANOVA) to estimate the nominal surface roughness and maximum tool life. The test result shows that increases in feed-rate and cutting speed correspondingly, the surface irregularity is higher, varies in cutting tangential forces increases cutting speed force also increased, decrease with feed-rate and speed correspondingly and significantly decrease cutting tangential forces.
Production of Cutting Tool Vibration in Turning Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Elango Murugappan , Annamalai Adithyan , Praveen Raju A
Published: January 2021

The cutting parameters like cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut can affect the tool life. Also, the vibration of the tool can affect the tool life. The aim of this study is to predict the cutting tool vibration to enhance the tool life. In this paper, vibration of tool is studied with HSS tool (high speed steel) while turning mild steel. The tool vibration is measured using X Viber vibration meter. The experimental data are tabulated and imported to artificial neural network (ANN). A multilayer perceptron model is trained with back-propagation algorithm using the experimental data. The rake angle, cutting speed, and feed are considered as input parameters for training the ANN. The trained ANN is used to predict tool vibration for different conditions. The predicted values are compared for the specific range to justify the tool change.
Optimization of WEDM Parameters for Machining of AZ31B Mg Alloy Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Karthik R , Viswanathan R , Balaji J , Sivashankar N , Arivazhagan R
Published: January 2021

This work involves optimization of machining parameters of wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) used for maching of AZ31B magnesium (Mg) alloy with molybednum wire to attain the lowest surface roughness from the process. Mg alloys such as AZ31B are light-weight materials with high potential for industrial applications and used in the manufacture of airframes, aircraft engines, helicopter components, automotive parts and light trucks. L9 orthagonal array with three input parameters such as Voltage (V), Pulse on time (μs) and pulse off time (μs) at three levels are used to conduct the experiments. Taguchi method is utilized to study the effect of these parameters on the surface roughness (SR). From the investigation it was found that pulse on time exert the major influnce on surface roughness while Voltage and pulse off-time have lesser influnces on the process to reduce the surface roughness.
Design and Development of Smart Manhole
Authors: Praveena B A , Shetty Balachandra P , Kalasi Murthy Samartha S , Yadav Shivpratap Singh , Prasad Mahadeva , Sujith M N , Reddy Naresh , Mallikarjun L
Published: January 2021

In today’s world, urban area house a majority of the population of any country. Analysis of both historical and real-time data results in an enhanced understanding of the urban infrastructures systems and consequently in an improvement in their management, By 2030 it is estimated to grow more. As urban areas are resorting to smart methods, either by IoT or by redesign of existing service sector, underground drainage plays a prominent role to provide a healthy environment, good hygiene and safety to a large population density. For this a good underground drainage system is necessary. We can bring about a change by simplifying and reducing the cost of maintenance of existing system. This can done by drastically reducing the time taken to pinpoint the area affected. By replacing existing manhole with sensor based manhole cover at certain key locations, real time data like flow rate of water, concentration of toxic gases can be determined. This data is sent to the authorized service station prior to its blockage thus preventing the flooding of streets through a speedy maintenance regime.
Effect of Dispersion and Improper Bonding of Nanofiller Polymer Composites
Authors: Manjunatha G , Nagesh S N , George Raji
Published: January 2021

Nanofiller is used to enhance the properties in composite materials, with at least one phase of nanomaterials that can be referred as nanocomposites. The nanomaterial due to uniform dispersion recently used in advanced polymer nanocomposites, to mix effectively in the polymer matrix. The production of polymer composites with nanofiller is limited due to the unresolved issues such as agglomeration during processing, high production cost and limited availability of good quality. Graphene filled nanocomposites is a novel material and considered in different applications. The properties of the nanocomposites mainly depend on the arrangement of graphene layers with the polymer matrix and interfacial bonding between them. Here an attempt is made to develop polymer composites using graphene as reinforcements and epoxy as matrix materials. Sonication is a process of applying ultrasound energy to disperse nanoparticles in epoxy. The sound waves that are created in sonication are generally large ultrasound waves and during this process, considerable heat is produced. If the sonication treatment is too long, nanoparticles were seriously damaged, particularly when a probe sonicator is used. The localized damage causes nanoparticles to deteriorate the mechanical properties of the polymer composites. The study from XRD and SEM showed that the use of graphene at higher weight % resulted in a decrease in strength of the composites. Hence, it is not a better choice to produce nanocomposites at increased addition of nanofiller.
Wear Characteristics of Double Ceramic Particulate Hybrid Aluminium Matrix Composite
Authors: Nagesh S.N , Manjunath G , Gowda Putta Bore , Ramachandra CG , Nataraju S.N
Published: January 2021

Metal matrix composites got popularity due to their light weight and high strength and replacing metal parts from various applications like aerospace, automobile and biomedical. Aluminum matrix composites (AMC) are suitable for the aerospace industries and still the research is going on to use it for other applications. In this research work, a double ceramic particulate AMC was synthesized. The ceramic powders used were alumina (Al2O3) in wt. % of 0.5, 1.0 and 2 and silicon dioxide (SiO2) in wt. % of 0.5 and 1.0. The synthesis of composites was done by stir casting method. SEM analysis showed that porosity was reduced and the distribution of reinforcement particles were uniform throughout the matrix. Wear test was carried out using pin on disc wear testing machine, results showed reduction in wear. SEM analysis of worn out specimen showed transition from adhesive wear to abrasive wear for hybrid composites.
Microstructure Evaluation of Si3N4reinforced Al6082 Composites subjected to Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Nishanth B N , Guruchannabasavaiah N G , Auradi Virupaxi , Bharath V , Boppana Satish Babu , Nagaral Madeva
Published: January 2021

In this research, work is carried out on Al6082 alloy because of its thermal stability and stiffness which can be used for strong structural application, here the hard ceramic particle of Si3N4are reinforced with Al6082 for further enhancing its strength, stiffness. Stir casting technique is used to fabricate aluminum metal matrix composition with varying wt. % of Si3N4, this technique involves cost effective process and also results in homogenous mixture between the matrix and the reinforcement. The percentage of reinforcement varies from 0 and 9wt%. When subjected to severe plastic deformation it tends to change the grain size from micron to submicron level size in the grain structure by the application of load. The scanning electron microscope reveals the distribution of Si3N4on the surface of the sample. The hardness value increased as compared to as-cast Al6082 alloy.
Microstructure and Wear Behaviour of Matrix Al7075 Reinforced With Micro Wc-Co Particulate Composite Processed by Stir Casting Method
Authors: Gopal Krishna U B , Manoj Kumar D , Naveen A , Naveen H R , Nikhil H S , Auradi Virupaxi , Vasudeva B , Boppana Satish Babu
Published: January 2021

The present work dry sliding wear behaviour of Al7075 alloy matrix composite reinforced with 9Wt. % of WC-Co particulates is examined after prepared by stir casting. The dry sliding wear behaviour was studied for the composites with parameters of varying sliding speed, load and sliding distance. Microstructure characterization is done using SEM/EDX studies for the composite samples. From microstructural characterization even distribution of WC-Co particulates is observed in Al7075 matrix. DUCOM wear testing machine with EN32 steel disc is used to evaluate the wear rate of the composite. Worn out surface of the composite is subjected to SEM analysis to observe the layer formations. From the results of wear studies it is observed that the composite wear rate is reduced by restricting dislocation between the matrix and reinforcement interface.
Aerodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Airfoils Using Vortex Lattice Method
Authors: Chaitanyaa K K , Patil Chethan R , Pal Bhaskar , Dandotiya Devendra
Published: January 2021

Air transport is one of the fastest means of transport in the modern world. Aircraft’s efficiency depends on the efficiency of its subparts and its subsystems individually. For example, the gas turbine used as main source of thrust in aircrafts has to be largely efficient, which adds to the overall efficiency of the aircraft. The same way, another important part of the aircraft is the wing. Wings are the main reason for an air vehicle to fly. Aerodynamic parameters like lift, drag and the ratio of co-efficient of lift to drag which is CL/CD ratio determines the efficiency of the aircraft wing. This CL/CD ratio depends on the cross section of the wing, i.e. the airfoil. This paper emphasizes aerodynamic analysis on airfoils NACA 0018, NACA 2412, NACA 4412, USA 45, TSAGI-S12 and B737A used on different planforms of an aircraft wing like Rectangular, Elliptical, Delta and Swept back wing. The results are analyzed and the best airfoil corresponding wing shape is reported. This best airfoil is further refined effectively to get high CL/CD ratio. The complete analysis and airfoil optimization were carried on XFLR5 software which is governed by Naiver-Stokes equations. The airfoils were analyzed for a velocity of 50 m/s, at an angle of attack of 7°, up to a maximum Re (Reynolds Number) of 3e+06, the wing chord length at root, CR=1m and total wing span, L=10m was kept constant throughout the analysis for uniformity. Post analysis, the best three airfoils were further interpolated and refined to obtain higher CL/CD ratio.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer in Aircraft Engine Blade Using k − ∈ and SST k − ω Model
Authors: Patill Chethan R , Dandotiya Devendra , Pal Bhaskar , Banker Nitin
Published: January 2021

Even the smallest part engineered in gas turbines adds on hugely to its output performance. The blades form a major part which extracts energy from high temperature and high-pressure gases produced from the combustion chamber. This high temperature may cause the blades to undergo creep or fatigue failure eventually. The blade material would not withstand such high temperatures. With an intention to overcome this thermal barrier, various cooling technologies like jet impingement, film cooling, mist assisted film cooling, pin fin cooling, transpiration cooling have been adapted in the gas turbines. Using these cooling technologies, the temperature on the blades can be reduced by 200 to 300 K and higher performance may be achieved without much of a compromise. This study mainly focuses on how much the temperature can be reduced if only convective cavity cooling was used, wherein a hollow blade is used and cold fluid passes through it. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in ANSYS was used to compute the temperature difference on the blade and high temperature region. The computations were carried out on both CFD and CFX. Two different turbulence models were considered, k-epsilon and k-omega SST (Shear Stress Transport). Analysis were carried out with nearly 3 million elements. Velocity, temperature flows at selected regions are reported.
CFD Analysis on Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Pipe in Pipe Heat Exchanger With Tangential Injection
Authors: Warghat Ketan Vinayak , Sathish Kumar D , Jayavel S
Published: January 2021

Heat transfer enhancement is a significant requirement in process industries. There are various passive and active methods available to reinforce the heat transfer. In the present study, tangential injection and its effect on the advancement in heat transfer rate are analysed. This is an active technique for enhancing heat transfer accompanied by negligible increment in pressure drop. Design and operating parameters like geometry, pipe material, working fluid, and flow rate play a vital role in heat transfer characteristics. Taking into account the design and operating parameters, the present study is aimed to optimize the orientation of the injecting nozzle. FLUENT software is employed to simulate the heat transfer and flow characteristics. A thorough grid independence study has been administered, and the present results are validated using the author’s previous experimental work. The tangential orientation considered is 30°, 45°, and 60°. The results show 60° inclination of the nozzle for parallel flow gives maximum overall heat transfer coefficient.
A CFD Study on fly ash nanofluid heat transfer behavior in a circular tube
Authors: Kanti Praveen , Sharma K.V. , Ramachandra C.G. , Gurumurthy M
Published: January 2021

STAR CCM+ software is used to investigate the forced convection heat transfer of fly ash/Water nanofluids flowing through a horizontal circular tube in the turbulent flow regime under the constant heat flux of 707 W/m2. The volume concentrations of nanofluid are 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vol. %, used in this analysis. The results revealed that both the Reynolds number and concentration intensify the Nusselt number of fly ash nanofluids. The highest heat transfer coefficient augmentation is about ∼60% observed at 1.5% concentration in comparison to the water.
Comparative analysis of Machine Learning algorithms for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Pai Vasudeva , Devidas  , Adesh N. D.
Published: January 2021

In this modern era, the network related applications, programs and services are growing enormously but the network security issues also grow along with them. Keeping the network secure is a challenging and a crucial task. To maintain the secure network there must be some system which can detect and identify any malicious activity happening in network. This system is called as Intrusion Detection System. There are many traditional network security tools and techniques of preventing intrusion like firewalls, anti-virus, encryption-decryption, access control etc. But all are not effective in protecting network from increasing attacks. The network traffic can be categories into normal and intrusive traffic using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Here, the preliminary comparative study regarding which type of machine learning algorithm performs better in identifying the attacks namely Denial of Service, Probe, User to Root and Remote to Local. The NSL-KDD dataset is used to study features and behavior of malicious attacker using machine learning techniques. This study can be taken as reference for mechanical engineers for developing a safe automation in industrial atmosphere and automation in automobile.
Lesson Learned from Semester of Online Teaching of Automation Using Simulators
Authors: Ostrowski I , Możaryn J , Wang J , Cukier D
Published: January 2021

The year 2020 has taught us a very important lesson about communication between university lecturers and students in laboratories. This paper is showing conclusions after a semester of remote personal contact with students and laboratory equipment. In normal cases authors of this paper providing their lessons in a laboratory equipped with industry effectors, Robots, Pneumatic equipment, and PLC’s. It was replaced with simulators, because of the lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic. In the paper, we describe the on-line didactic process conducted with simulators such as Factory IO; Festo FluidSim; Roboguide.
Mathematical Model of Rheological Behavior of Wood Plate Taking Into Account the Zone of Evaporation of Moisture
Authors: Sokolovskyy Ya , Boretska I , Kroshnyy I , Yatsyshyn S , Storozhuk O
Published: January 2021

The subject of this paper is a mathematical model of heat-transfer in the process which takes place in capillary-porous materials during drying. The moving boundaries of phase transitions for media are also considering. The analytical-numerical method was developed for mathematical model. The difference schemes were constructed with consideration for the boundaries of the evaporation zone of heat exchange with the environment in the presence of a phase transition in the conditions. The numerical realization and software were developed for solving the Stefan problem. The fractal structures of the medium were taking into account for synthesization of mathematical models of viscoelastic deformation. Functional dependences of the temperature field and the motion of the phase transition boundary in media, depending on the value of fractional parameters, were received for modelling different technological processes of drying capillary-porous materials.
Modeling Issues in Problems of the Elasticity and Viscoelasticity Theory
Authors: Kagadiy T , Shporta A , Scherbina I , Onopriienko O
Published: January 2021

The development of computer technology and information technology does not exclude preliminary analytical modeling in complex problems of mechanics. The approach proposed in this work allows one to obtain reasonable simplified equations that admit analytical or numerical-analytical solutions. Authors research are devoted to method elaboration for space problems of viscoelasticity. The approach for solving problems of nonlinear elasticity theory, when final deformations or physical nonlinear properties of materials are taken into consideration, is proposed. New perturbation method for solving of nonlinear equations in particular derivatives is suggested. Such approach is allowed to reduce the solution of complicated problems of linear elasticity and viscoelasticity to subsequently solved boundary problems of potential theory. New linear problems are investigated, in particular, problems on load transference from stringer to single layer or multilayer solids, on stress-strain state of fibrous composite with crack in matrix (plate and axisymmetric problems), numerous contact problems (pressing of hard stamp in an orthotropic plate with different anisotropy). Problems of nonlinear elasticity theory on stress-strain state of a plate with a circular hole under different types of loading are solved.
Diagnostics of the Thermal Condition of the Cable Gear Used in the Drive of a Wood Chipper
Authors: Krawiec P , Warguła Ł , Różański L
Published: January 2021

Early detection of the causes of malfunction of toothed gears, cable gears, and various types of drives enables the prevention of breakdowns and related downtime. The work concerns the possibility of using terminography in order to assess the thermal state of the V-belt of the tension transmission used in the drive of a wood chipper. This device is exposed to dynamic loads and one of the main elements transmitting the drive is a cable gear with a V-belt. The paper presents the use of thermography to evaluate the operation of a cable gear with a heat-welded V-belt. As a diagnostic characteristic, the dependence of temperature changes of the belt and pulleys on the variable load of the chipper over time was adopted. The variable load on the device results from the feeding time of the branches and their cross-section. The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of variable transmission load on the durability and life of the V-belt. It has been found that for the cable transmission it is desirable to ensure that the temperature of the belt around the circumference is similar and changes little.
Development of IoT Weather Monitoring System Based on Arduino and ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module
Authors: Holovatyy Andriy
Published: January 2021

In the paper, the hardware and software of the IoT weather monitoring system have been developed. The hardware of the IoT weather monitoring system consists of the microcontroller device which is developed on the Arduino Mega2560 board, digital pressure, temperature and humidity sensor BME280, Wi-Fi module ESP-01 built on the ESP8266 chip and the 16×2 alphanumeric LCD based on the Hitachi HD44780 controller. The electronic circuit and the model of the microcontroller weather monitoring device have been created in Proteus VSM. The operation algorithm of the IoT weather monitoring system has been developed. The IoT device monitors such weather parameters as: atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity. The software modules for communication with the BME280 sensor and Wi-Fi module ESP-01 and main data collection and acquisition software for the ATmega2560 microcontroller of the Arduino Mega2560 board have been created. The software for communication with the ThingsBoard IoT platform and Mosquitto MQTT broker has been created. The dashboards for weather data visualization on the IoT platform ThingsBoard using ThingsBoard Dashboard and from the Mosquitto MQTT broker using Node-RED have been created. The operation of the microcontroller weather monitoring device has been simulated in Proteus ISIS. The prototype of the microcontroller weather monitoring device has been built on a solderless breadboard and the operation of the IoT weather monitoring system has been tested.
Simulation of the Processes in Electrical Engineering Systems via the Two-Point Problem for Telegraph Equation
Authors: Nytrebych Z , Malanchuk O
Published: January 2021

The physical-mathematical model which describes distribution of an electric current in electrotechnical systems is investigated. This model contains a homogeneous partial differential equation of the second order in time and two-point time conditions. The coefficients of equation are the parameters of the system. Two-point conditions describe the behavior of the process at two points in time. The analytical solution of the two-point problem which is obtained by the differential-symbol method determines the behavior of the process at any time and at arbitrary point of the system. The class of functions in which exists a unique solution is specified. The presented results can be used in the design of electrical engineering systems and to predict the results in adjusting parameters.
The Use of Cellular Automata in the Study of Heat and Mass Transfer Processes in Particular During Wood Drying
Authors: Sokolovskyy Ya , Sinkevych O , Levkovych M , Shymanskyi V , Yarkun V
Published: January 2021

This paper demonstrates the use of cellular automata in the study of heat and mass transfer processes, in particular during wood drying. For study, we developed a three-dimensional mathematical model. This model is described by a system of interconnected differential equations. These equations are described in partial time derivatives and coordinates in space. The peculiarity of this work is the possibility of combining a three-dimensional mathematical model and the theory of cellular automata in solving the problem. Usage of the theory of cellular automata requires the presence of a certain number of identical elements of the system. In this case, we propose to present the studied CAD model in the form of cubes of the same size. The paper also describes the relationships between the created cubes. In addition, we give the algorithm of calculations. Based on the described algorithm, we carried out the number of experiments, which prove the possibility of using the theory of cellular automata in solving the problem.
Use of Methods and Technologies of Additive Production for Optimization of Parameters of Designs
Authors: Zdobytskyi A , Lobur M , Klymkovych T , Kaczynski R , Vasiliev A
Published: January 2021

The article presents the existing methods of implementation of rapid prototyping technologies in rapid production. It is performed using computer modeling programs with integrated modules of generative design based on different topology optimization methods. In the environment of ANSYS Mechanical (Workbench) the finite element method established the dependence of strength parameters on the density of the generated mesh of the reinforcing contour of the part. According to the results of the simulation, the graphical dependencies of the maximum general stresses and the margin of safety of the part depending on the materials of the 3D models under the action of equivalent stresses were obtained.
The Use of Information Systems for Regulation of Gas Engine Operating Parameters
Authors: Kalwar A , Kurdziel F , Pytel K , Gumula S , Lobur M , Melnyk M
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the work is to indicate the possibility of using selected IT systems to analyse work and regulate operating parameters of gas engines. An additional task of the work is to indicate new possibilities of using IT systems in power plants. The publication shows the development of industrial information systems in recent years. It is shown how these systems are used for direct control and adjustment of operational parameters of power equipment, ranging from water boilers to steam boilers, turbines and cogeneration aggregates. These systems implement technical safeguards and can be used to analyse work characteristics in an appropriate configuration. The more elaborate energy systems, the wider the scope of use of IT systems. Due to the full automation and control of cogeneration gas-powered power generators, an automatic heating water flow control system through heat exchangers can be used in these installations. This solution requires the expansion of the heating water pumping system with pumping sets with inverters and fittings of the pumping station with remote control.
Simulation and Analysis of the Interdigital Transducers Surface Acoustic Waves Generation and Propagation in Acoustophoretic Lab-Chip
Authors: Matviykiv O , Klymkovych T , Bokla N , Stakhiv V
Published: January 2021

This work is devoted to the application of interdigital transducers for the formation of a standing acoustic wave in the microchannel of an acoustophoretic Lab-chip. 2D and 3D simulation of IDT operation was performed. The influence of IDT shape, its size, and location, geometric dimensions of the piezo-crystalline layer, as well as dimensions and material of the microchannel walls for the effective formation of standing acoustic waves were analyzed.
Experimental Study of the Time of Reverberation of a Sacred Building Having a Cruciform Architecture
Authors: Melnyk M , Kernyskyy A , Mykhalyna Y , Pytel K
Published: January 2021

The response of the interior to the excitation of the pulse noise was registered using the Svan958A spectrum noise analyzer. After that, using the Dirac system, the registered files were analyzed and the time of reverberation of the church of St. John the Baptist, located in the village Verkhnya, Kalush district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine with indication of measuring points. Detailed measurements of the investigated object were carried out and on their basis a 3D-model of the church in the SketchUP system was developed, which allowed to determine the recommended reverberation time for this type of interior and the given volume. The conducted researches made it possible to determine the uniformity of sound energy distribution in building having a cruciform architecture.
Active Surveillance of the Safety of Medications Used During Pregnancy
Authors: Huybrechts Krista F , Kulldorff Martin , Hernández-Díaz Sonia , Bateman Brian T , Zhu Yanmin , Mogun Helen , Wang Shirley V
Published: January 2021

The scientific community relies on postmarketing approaches to define the risk of using medications in pregnancy because information available at the time of drug approval is limited. Most studies carried out in pregnancy focus on a single outcome or selected outcomes. However, women must balance the benefit of treatment against all possible adverse effects. We aimed to apply and evaluate a tree-based scan statistic data-mining method (TreeScan; Martin Kulldorff, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts) as a safety surveillance approach that allows for simultaneous evaluation of a comprehensive range of adverse pregnancy outcomes, while preserving the overall rate of false-positive alerts. We evaluated TreeScan with a cohort design and adjustment via propensity score techniques, using 2 test cases: 1) opioids and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and 2) valproate and congenital malformations, implemented in pregnancy cohorts nested within the Medicaid Analytic eXtract (January 1, 2000–December 31, 2014) and the IBM MarketScan Research Database (IBM, Armonk, New York) (January 1, 2003–September 30, 2015). In both cases, we identified known safety concerns, with only 1 previously unreported alert at the preset statistical alerting threshold. This evaluation shows the promise of TreeScan-based approaches for systematic drug safety monitoring in pregnancy. A targeted screening approach followed by deeper investigation to refine understanding of potential signals will ensure that pregnant women and their physicians have access to the best available evidence to inform treatment decisions.
A data linkage study of the effects of the Great Recession and austerity on antidepressant prescription usage
Authors: Cherrie Mark , Curtis Sarah , Baranyi Gergő , Cunningham Niall , Dibben Chris , Bambra Clare , Pearce Jamie
Published: January 2021

Background

International literature shows unemployment and income loss during the Great Recession worsened population mental health. This individual-level longitudinal study examines how regional economic trends and austerity related to depression using administrative prescription data for a large and representative population sample.

Methods

Records from a sample of the Scottish Longitudinal Study (N=86 500) were linked to monthly primary care antidepressant prescriptions (2009–15). Regional economic trends were characterized by annual full-time employment data (2004–14). Economic impact of austerity was measured via annual income lost per working age adult due to welfare reforms (2010–15). Sequence analysis identified new cases of antidepressant use, and group-based trajectory modelling classified regions into similar economic trajectories. Multi-level logistic regression examined relationships between regional economic trends and new antidepressant prescriptions. Structural equation mediation analysis assessed the contributory role of welfare reforms.

Results

Employed individuals living in regions not recovering post-recession had the highest risk of beginning a new course of antidepressants (AOR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08–1.38). Individuals living in areas with better recovery trajectories had the lowest risk. Mediation analyses showed that 50% (95% CI 7–61%) of this association was explained by the impact of welfare benefit reforms on average incomes.

Conclusions

Following the Great Recession, local labour market decline and austerity measures were associated with growing antidepressant usage, increasing regional inequalities in mental health. The study evidences the impact of austerity on health inequalities and suggests that economic conditions and welfare policies impact on population health. Reducing the burden of mental ill-health primarily requires action on the social determinants.
On measures of gametic disequilibrium.
Authors: Lewontin R C
Published: January 2021

Various measures have been proposed for characterizing the statistical association that arises between alleles at different loci. Hedrick has compared these measures with the standardized measure D' proposed by Lewontin on the grounds that this latter measure is independent of allele frequency. Although D' has the same range for all allelic frequencies, in fact, D' is not "independent" of allele frequency, and no measure with that general property is possible for the multilocus association problem. The insolubility of this problem arises from the ill-defined nature of general "association."