bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant effect of dry olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats
Authors: Dekanski D. , Ristić S. , Mitrović D.M.
Published: April 2019

Previous studies demonstrated that the damaging action of absolute ethanol could be attributed to the enhancement in the reactive oxygen species, increase in lipid peroxidation and inhibition of antioxidative enzyme activity. In this study we investigated the mechanism of protective effect of olive leaf extract (OLE), a natural antioxidant, on gastric mucosal damage induced by absolute ethanol in rats. OLE (80 mg/kg daily) was applied intragastrically (i.g.) two weeks prior to absolute ethanol administration. Areas of gastric lesions were measured and ulcer index (UI) was calculated. The effects of applied OLE on gastric mucosal lesions, malondialdehyde level and antioxidative enzyme (catalase and superoxide dismutase) activity were compared with effects of i.g. pretreatment of reference drug, ranitidine (50 mg/kg). Absolute ethanol administration caused severe gastric mucosal haemorrhage. Pretreatment with OLE, as well as with ranitidine, significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated the gastric lesions induced. Furthermore, OLE was effective in the prevention of an increase in gastric lipid peroxidation and in the prevention of a decrease in antioxidative enzyme activity. The results obtained indicate that OLE has gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats, possibly related to its antioxidative properties.
The aperitif: an investigation into young people's relationship with alcohol
Authors: Chiassai S. , Ferrara G. , Francalanci C. , Ferretti F. , Mattei R.
Published: April 2019

The consumption and abuse of alcohol among young people is a matter of both national and international concern. According to ISTAT (http://www.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/non_calendario/20080417_00/testointegrale20080417.pdf, 2007), the model of alcohol consumption in Italy is traditionally moderate, but in the last few years habits that pose health risks, such as drinking between meals at a young age and binge drinking, have been increasing constantly. The aim of this study was to investigate the ways in which alcohol is consumed by young people in Siena, focusing in particular on their habit of meeting for an aperitif. The sample comprised 467 students (mean age 17 ± 1.3 years). The results obtained show that the situation in Siena is similar to that in the rest of Italy, being characterised by frequent alcohol abuse, concentrated above all in the weekend. We found that meeting for an aperitif is seen as an opportunity to catch up with friends, relax and have fun.
Metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in post-transplant patients affected by hepatitis C virus (genotype 1)
Authors: Testino Gianni , Borro Paolo
Published: April 2019

Metabolic syndrome and allograft non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common occurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). NAFLD and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are frequently associated. The association steatosis/HCV determines important implications for clinical practice: steatosis accelerates the progression of fibrosis and reduces the likelihood of obtaining a sustained virological response (SVR) with antiviral therapy. We have evidenced a strong correlation between body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, triglycerides (TGC) and hepatic percentage of steatosis. In subjects with BMI < 25 and TGC < 160 ng/ml, the chance of SVR was 48 times higher than that of non-response. The chances of SVR for patients with percentage of steatosis <15 were 12 times higher than that with higher percentage of steatosis value. Detection, prevention and management of metabolic disorders and NAFLD should be one of the primary objectives of all transplant teams.
The Mediterranean diet for Polish infants: a losing struggle or a battle still worth fighting?
Authors: Hozyasz Kamil Konrad , Radomyska Barbara , Kot Karolina
Published: April 2019

The Mediterranean diet is well known for its health-promoting effects. Among its key ingredients, olive oil is the most characteristic. Processing industries have been successfully manufacturing and marketing jarred baby foods with the use of vegetable oils, including olive oil, as well as other sources of visible fat. We aimed to survey manufacturer claims concerning added fat in jarred infant foods supplied to the Polish market. A total of 124 kinds of infant foods from six suppliers were analyzed. Corn, canola, and soybean oil occupied the first three positions, respectively, in rank order of vegetable oils used in jarred baby foods. In our sample, only one type of ready-to-eat jars with vegetables contained olive oil. 11% of products contained cow milk butter or cream. 61% of jarred “dinners” contained poultry or fish, which are typical sources of animal protein in the Mediterranean diet. Given that commercial baby foods currently available in the Polish market contain no olive oil, we advocate considering home preparation of infant foods with the use of visible fat. Medical professionals should encourage food manufacturers to return to the concepts of the Mediterranean diet for young consumers, aimed at long-term health.
Evaluation of the short term efficacy and tolerability of a combined nutraceutical with lipid-lowering properties: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cicero Arrigo F.G. , Bove Marilisa , Gerocarni Beatrice , Giovannini Marina , Borghi Claudio
Published: April 2019

This is a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on a combined nutraceutical non containing statin-like substances in 40 patients affected by primary polygenic hypercholesterolemia. After 4 weeks of ATP III life-style improvement, patients were randomized to assume a combined nutraceutical or placebo 1 pill/day for 8 weeks. The tested nutraceutical contained octacosanols, tocotrienols and polymethoxylated flavones (offered by Ca.Di.Group Srl, Rome, Italy). When comparing the combined nutraceutical effect with the one of placebo, we observed that the combined nutraceutical assumption was associated with a significantly higher decrease in total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.001) and non HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) than the control group. In the short term, the tested combined nutraceutical is well-tolerated and efficacious in reducing plasma lipid levels in subjects affected by primary polygenic hypercholesterolemia.
The origin and the tradition of European herbalism for human wellness: from the roots of an ancient approach to modern herbalism
Authors: Colombo Maria Laura , Dalfrà Stefania , Scarpa Bruno
Published: April 2019

Since the beginning of civilization, people have used plants to improve their health. In recent years, there has been a reawakened scientific interest in the fundamental role plants play in many areas, including human health. Beginning from the 20th century, the field of folk tradition experienced a shift from the raw compilation of data to a greater methodological and conceptual reorientation. Research has concentrated mainly on the following periods: the Roman period, the Medieval Ages, the Renaissance, and the Modern Ages, and thousands of documentations focused that Italy and the whole of Europe have a consolidated tradition in the use of plants for wellness and human health, and not only as food. In Italy, at present there are about 5,000 “erboristeria” shops in which dried herbs and spices are sold packed or unpacked and mixed according to the consumer's request. The purpose of this paper is to underline that a large enough body of evidence has survived to show that the folk tradition was impressively wide in its botanical reach and equally impressive in the range of situations it treated. The review will focus on the links between plants and traditions, art and history of typical Italian and European food plants. There has been a growing body of evidence and research, which studies the efficacy and safety of employing traditional knowledge based on approaches to health and healing. A significant number of food plant and/or plants for wellness have been used successfully for centuries, and in some cases millenniums. Many plants have a long and established history of use, no apparent adverse side effects, and social acceptance.
Prebiotics: future trends in health care
Authors: Singh Rupali , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Malviya Rishabha
Published: April 2019

Prebiotics are the non-digestible food ingredients, which help in the successful digestion of the food components in the gut and lower intestine. They play an important role in the promotion of the growth of “good” bacteria in the intestine and gut of humans. In other words, nutraceuticals are beneficial for the maintenance of gut microbiota, microflora, and human health. This study specially reviewed different articles on the role of prebiotics in hepatic encephalopathy, cardiovascular diseases, constipation, diarrhea, hypotriglyceridemia, and type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, prebiotics are supplements to improve health and can favorably treat biological disorders.
Effect of a nutritional supplement used for diabetic foot ulcers on microalbuminuria
Authors: Tatti Patrizio , Masselli Leonardo , Di Mauro Patrizia , Pipicelli Giuseppe , Pipicelli Annalisa , Barber Annabel
Published: April 2019

We evaluated if a nutritional supplement containing arginine, glutamine, β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate commonly used to improve the healing of diabetic foot ulcers had any effect on the kidney function in the diabetic patients. We hypothesized that the action on the skin may be non-specific and that the supplement might also act on other structural elements of the kidney. We compared the evolution of the blood creatinine and of the overnight albumin excretion in 16 diabetic subjects with mild to moderate nephropathy 6 months prior to and during the 6 months of treatment. The creatinine level remained stable during the treatment, while microalbuminuria decreased to nearly 50% of the initial value (p < 0.000).
Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver in a group of non-obese and non-diabetic Iranian adults
Authors: Maddah Mohsen , Ahani Nazli , Hossaini Haji , Karandish Majid
Published: April 2019

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not uncommon in non-obese people. We examined the independent predictors of NAFLD in a group of non-obese and non-diabetic men and women in Rasht, Iran. Sixty-one adults aged 38.4 ± 8.4 years (32 men and 29 women) with body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2 and non-diabetic with clinical features of NAFLD who visited our center between 2007 and 2009 were compared to 147 non-obese, non-diabetic and normal liver subjects (40 men and 107 women) aged 40.8 ± 9.1. Data on blood lipids, anthropometry, fasting blood glucose, exercise, and educational levels were gathered using a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis revealed that weight gain during adulthood [OR = 1.90 (95% CI = 1.03–1.84), P < 0.04] and high serum triglyceride levels [OR = 1.19 (95% CI = 1.09–1.28), P < 0.0001] were independent predictors of NAFLD in this group of non-obese subjects. BMI, educational levels, gender, and habitual physical activity were not independently related to NAFLD in this study. These data suggest that weight gain after 20 years of age rather than BMI and high levels of triglyceride may serve as screening tool for NAFLD in clinical practice in this population. In nutritional management of these apparently normal weight subjects with NAFLD modest weight loss is necessary.
Chemical and oxidative properties of olive and argan oils sold on the Moroccan market. A comparative study
Authors: Gharby Saïd , Harhar Hicham , El Monfalouti Hanae , Kartah Bader , Maata Nadia , Guillaume Dom , Charrouf Zoubida
Published: April 2019

The chemical composition of four olive and four argan oils marketed in Morocco as extra-virgin oils was compared. Oxidative stability was also determined initially under accelerated conditions. Composition and oxidative stability of olive oils was found to be fluctuant and variety-dependent, whereas argan oil presents a profile that should more likely satisfy consumers eager to know the precise composition and nutritional property of their food.
The consumption of argan oil induces a lipid-lowering effect in dyslipidemic patients
Authors: Ould Mohamedou M.M. , Tacha A. , El Messal M. , El Kebbaj M.S. , Chraibi A. , Adlouni Ahmed
Published: April 2019

To manage dyslipidemia using diet recommendations based on argan oil consumption, we were interested in studying, for the first time, the effect of argan oil consumption on plasma lipids in never-treated Moroccan dyslipidemic patients. Twenty-four dyslipidemic patients from the endocrinology department of University Hospital of Rabat (Morocco) were included in this interventional study. The study design consists to two diet periods. In the first diet period of 2 weeks, all patients consumed 20 g/day of butter in breakfast. In the second period of 3 weeks (nutritional intervention), all patients were randomized to two diet groups: one group of 15 patients in which the 20 g/day of butter was substituted by 25 ml/day of argan oil with toasted bread for breakfast. The second group of nine patients for whom, both argan oil and olive oil were removed from their diet while keeping the 20 g/day of butter for breakfast. During this period, all patients were placed under a lifestyle and diet recommended for the dyslipidemic patient as reported by the French Agency for Health Products Safety (AFSSAPS). Serum lipid [total cholesterol (total-chol), triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol)] and anthropometric parameters were measured at the end of both periods. Both groups of patients have showed an improvement of lipid parameters in the end of the interventional period compared to the end of stabilization period by reducing total-chol and LDL-chol; and triglycerides and increasing HDL-chol. However, the change in atherogenic lipids was significantly different (P < 0.04) in the consumers group of argan oil compared to the control group; 30 versus 14% for total-chol, 46 versus 24.5% for triglycerides, 24 versus 15% for LDL-chol, respectively. While the increase in HDL-chol in consumers group of argan oil was different but not significantly compared to the control group; 17 versus 14% (P = 0.1). We have demonstrated for the first time that consumption of argan oil improves the lipid status in never-treated patients with dyslipidemia and can therefore be recommended in nutritional prevention in the management of dyslipidemia.
Screening of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Algeria
Authors: Zineb Ghiaba , Boukouada Mustapha , Djeridane Amar , Saidi Mohktar , Yousfi Mohamed
Published: April 2019

The phenolic contents of methanolic extracts from five varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Algeria, Deglet Nour (DN), Degla Baidha (DB), Ghars (Gh), Tamjhourt (Tam), and Tafezauine (Taf) were measured in this work. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were also evaluated. Total phenolic content ranged from 41.80 to 84.73 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/ 100 g and the total flavonoid content varied from 7.52 to 14.10 mg rutin equivalents (RE)/100 g. The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts were evaluated in vitro using scavenging assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical ion (ABTS+) and potassium ferricyanide complex as reducing power assay. Effective scavenging concentration (IC50) on DPPH radical ranged from 10.83 to 21.27 mg/l, the IC50 values decreased in the order DN > Gh > Tam > DB > Taf. ABTS radical cation scavenging activity (trolox equivalent 1.66–3.35 mM), the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values decreased in the order of DN > Gh > DB > Tam > Taf. In the potassium ferricyanide complex assay, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts ranged between 2.06 and 4.21 mM ascorbic acid equivalents and the ascorbic acid equivalents antioxidant capacity values of the extracts decreased in the order Gh > Tam > DB > DN > Taf. These results suggest that all date varieties constitute a good source of natural antioxidants and could potentially be considered as a functional food.
Diabetes and obesity in the eastern Morocco
Authors: Ramdani Noureddine , Vanderpas Jean , Boutayeb Abdeslam , Meziane Abdelouafi , Hassani Benyounès , Zoheir Jaouhar , Legssyer Abdelkhaleq , Aziz Mohammed , Mekhfi Hassane , Bnouham Mohammed , Ziyyat Abderrahim
Published: April 2019

The objective of this research is to describe the current situation (frequencies) of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) and their relationship in Oujda capital of eastern Morocco and its regions, and to investigate the influences of milieu, sex and age. A sample of 1,628 individuals at least 40 years old was formed by voluntary participation using convenience sampling through 26 campaigns in urban and rural areas in late 2008. The proportion in the total sample was globally 10.2% for DM, 8.1% for impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 25.1% for obesity and 40.3% for overweight. The relative frequency of DM was slightly higher in women than in men (10.7% vs. 9.3%, not significant (NS)); for IFG it was respectively 8.7% versus 7.01% (NS). The relative frequency of DM was 1.34 times higher in urban (10.9%) than in rural areas (7.9%, P < 0.05). It was also more elevated in obese subjects (15.9%) than in normal ones (9.7%, P < 0.001). Obesity proportion was markedly greater in women (32.7%) than in men (11.5%, P < 0.001). Obesity and overweight were more frequent in urban populations than in rural ones. In conclusion, our results show an alarming increasing trend in the current situation and frequencies of DM, obesity and overweight in the capital of eastern Morocco and its regions, especially for women in urban area.
In vitro antioxidant activity of two molluscs, Loligo duvauceli Orbigny and Donax cuneatus Linnaeus, by solvent extraction methods
Authors: Nazeer R.A. , Naqash Shabeena Yousuf
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of solvent extracts prepared from two Indian molluscs viz., Loligo duvauceli Orbigny and Donax cuneatus Linnaeus. For this purpose, several tests were used such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), reducing ability and total antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate extract of Loligo duvauceli showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (58%), reducing ability and antioxidant activity (64%) compared to other extracts. All the extracts showed concentration-dependent activity, and increase in concentration increased the antioxidant activities. Therefore, solvent extracts of L. duvauceli and D. cuneatus are rich sources of antioxidants that justify their wide use as natural antioxidants and points out other possible therapeutical uses in the different diseases produced by free radicals.
Hepatoprotective effects of soy protein isolate against dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver injury in Sprague Dawley rat
Authors: Eftekhari Mohammad Hassan , Ershad Maryam , Oryan Ahmad
Published: April 2019

Diseases and injuries impose oxidative stress on different organs and systems of the body. This study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of soy protein isolate against acute liver toxicity induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA). Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Groups A and B consumed a casein containing diet and the Group C received a soy protein isolate (SPI) containing diet for 18 days. Group A was then given an intra-peritoneal saline injection and continued on a casein diet for another 4 days before being killed. Each animal from groups B and C was given a single intra-peritoneal injection of DMNA (30 mg/kg) on the 18th day of the study. All groups continued their diets for 4 days before their sacrifice. The serum ALT decreased and albumin increased significantly in rats fed 20 % SPI containing diet (P < 0.05). Histological results showed that SPI improved DMNA-induced alteration in the liver structure. Morphological and biochemical data suggest that soy protein isolate containing diet decreased DMNA-induced liver damage.
Re-evaluation of WHO-defined BMI cutoff value for defining overweight and obesity in the Bengalee (Indian) population
Authors: Pal Amitava , De Sujaya , Sengupta Piyali , Maity Payel , Goswami Sujata , Dhara Prakash C.
Published: April 2019

Body mass index (BMI) is the most useful epidemiological measure of obesity. However, there is increasing evidence suggesting that World Health Organization (WHO)-proposed BMI cutoff points for overweight and obesity cannot be readily applied to the Asian population. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish appropriate cutoff points of BMI for defining overweight and obesity based on body fat percentage (BF%) of the Bengalee (Indian) population. The study was conducted on 654 subjects (18–60 years), of which 336 were men and 318 were women. The subjects were selected from different parts of the state of West Bengal, India. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure were obtained using standard techniques. The BMI and BF% were calculated using the standard equation. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was done to determine the appropriate cutoff points of BMI for overweight and obesity while taking BF% as the standard. Based on BMI, 12.50 % of men and 13.84 % of women were overweight and 1.79 % of men and 1.89 % of women were obese. On the basis of WHO gold standard, 18.75 % of men and 14.47 % of women were overweight and 9.82 % of men and 9.43 % of women were obese. ROC curve analysis showed a low sensitivity and high specificity of conventional cutoff points of BMI for identifying overweight and obesity. A lower cutoff value of BMI 21.87 kg/m2 for overweight and BMI 24.33 kg/m2 for obesity displayed good sensitivity and specificity, and an optimum area under the curve. We suggest a BMI of 21.87 and 24.33 kg/m2 as the optimum cutoff points to define overweight and obesity, respectively, for the Bengalee population.
Factors affecting nutritional status among pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia
Authors: Mirhosseini Naghmeh Zahra , Shahar Suzana , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Kamaruddin Noor Azmi , Banihashem Abdullah , Yusoff Noor Aini Mohd , Esmaili Habib Alah , Tavallaei Shima
Published: April 2019

Malnutrition affects the growth, efficacy of treatments and quality of life in children suffering from thalassemia. This study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of thalassemic patients and to determine the factors involved. Data were obtained from 140 thalassemic patients aged 8–18 years in Mashhad, Iran, on anthropometry, food record and biochemical profile. The prevalence of malnutrition was 44.3 % for boys and 19.6 % for girls, as determined by low body mass index. Furthermore, 44.3 % of boys and 37.7 % of girls were found to be of short stature. Sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness and arm muscle area (AMA) calculation showed the incidence of 7.4 % leanness and 60.7 % wasting among thalassemic children and adolescents. The average of energy intake met 74 % of recommended dietary allowance, although more than 71 % under-reporting was calculated for food records. The intake of energy, macronutrients, zinc, iron and vitamin E was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with anthropometric measures. Age, age at first transfusion, age of starting chelation and serum alkaline phosphatase were considered as positive predictors for nutritional status, whereas puberty, gender and fasting blood sugar as negative predictors. Nutritional status of thalassemic children and adolescents should be monitored, focusing on their nutrition education and supplementation, treatment protocol and control on blood sugar. These may play important roles in enhancing the quality of life in thalassemic children and adolescents.
Does flour fortification with electrolytic elemental iron improve the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among women in childbearing age and preschool children in Morocco?
Authors: El Hamdouchi Asmaa , El Kari Khalid , Rjimati El Arbi , El Mzibri Mohammed , Mokhtar Najat , Aguenaou Hassan
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) after a wheat flour fortification program with electrolytic elemental iron in Morocco. Two surveys were conducted after introduction of fortified wheat flour. The target population was women aged 15–49 years and preschool children aged between 2 and 5 years. A total of 1,258 and 1,237 children aged between 2 and 5 years, and 1,497 and 1,537 women of childbearing age have been involved, respectively, in the first and second investigation using a sentinel system. Ferritin and C-reactive-protein analyses were determined in a sub-sample of 268 and 130 women who were selected in May 2006 and January 2008, respectively and, in a subsample of 146 and 201 preschool children who were recruited in May 2006 and January 2008, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia in women was 31.5 and 33.3 % in May 2006 and January 2008, respectively. The prevalence of IDA was 63.9 and 59.1 % in May 2006 and January 2008, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia among preschool children was 47.8 and 37.5 % in May 2006 and January 2008, respectively. The prevalence of IDA in preschool children was 16.7 and 16 % in May 2006 and January 2008, respectively. The flour fortification programme with electrolytic elemental iron in Morocco had no apparent beneficial effect on the prevalence of IDA among women of childbearing age and preschool children.
Body composition in sarcopenic obesity: systematic review of the literature
Authors: Donini Lorenzo M. , Poggiogalle Eleonora , Migliaccio Silvia , Aversa Antonio , Pinto Alessandro
Published: April 2019

Although, recently a mounting interest in the literature has been directed to sarcopenic obesity, currently, different definitions of sarcopenic obesity (SO) exist and diagnostic criteria are not universally established. The aim of the present systematic review is to summarize the state of the art according to extant literature about this topic. A systematic review of the literature was performed considering the revision question: “sarcopenic obesity: body composition”. Analysis and presentation of the outcomes were carried out in the form of a narrative résumé of the reports. Twenty-six studies were considered eligible for the systematic review involving globally more than 23,000 subjects. In all the studies examined, except one, the definition of sarcopenic obesity was based on the co-presence of obesity and sarcopenia. With respect to obesity, different parameters (body mass index, fat mass and visceral fat area) were used (as single parameters or in association to the other adiposity measures). For sarcopenia, the appendicular skeletal muscle mass standardized for height or weight, cross-sectional area at the quadriceps level, muscle strength and/or muscle/fat-free mass indexes were considered. Body composition analysis was performed, depending on the studies, through DXA scan, CT scan bioimpedance analysis, dynamometer test or anthropometric parameters. To date, just few papers provided clear and shared diagnostic criteria of SO. In fact, in our review, criteria adopted by single authors were only partially overlapping. One of the main obstacles is represented by the definition of SO, and especially whether it should be based only on criteria of body composition or also functional criteria should be taken into account.
Therapeutic importance and analysis of phenolic acids in different parts of Syzygium cumini Linn
Authors: Singh Udai Pratap , Maurya Sudarshan , Nayak Shraddha , Singh Mandavi , Singh Amitabh
Published: April 2019

Jamun (Syzygium cumini), which belongs to the family Myrtaceae, is an important indigenous minor fruit of commercial value. S. cumini fruit possesses considerable nutritive value because it is a rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, iron, calcium, minerals, vitamins as well as phenolic acids. Leaves are rich in phenolic acids in which tannic acid was maximum followed by caffeic acid. Tannic acid is also maximum in ripe fruit epicarp, seeds and mesocarp as compared to unripe fruit epicarp. Caffeic and cinnamic acids are also present in ripe fruit seeds. Other phenolic acids are present in traces. Tannic acid was maximum in the seeds of unripe fruits followed by chlorogenic and gallic acids and some other phenolic acids. The therapeutic properties of these phenolic acids are discussed.
PENGARUH STIMULASI MENDENGARKAN LAGU DAN BERNYAYI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN BERBAHASA PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Wati Ning Setio
Published: April 2019

Language is one of aspects that needs to be incressed for the development of early childhood. This study aims at determining the effect of listening and singing the songs on language development in early childhood at TPA Permata Bunda Metro. The design of this research is Quasi experiment with Nonequivalent control group pretest - postest design. The data collecting technique used observation sheet with a population of 10 children. The sampling technique was sampling random of 5 children. The normality test used Shapiro wilk. The data analized use Mann Whiney U test. The result shows that the value of Mann Whiney U test on language development with significant value 0.01 (P<0.05), it can be concluded that listening and singing the song activity can influence to language development for early childhood.
Análisis del Código del Samurái de Daidoji Yuzan desde una perspectiva económica
Authors: Aguilar Gómez José
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo sigue la tendencia reciente de estudiar el contenido económico de obras que no revisten un carácter económico, ya sean obras filosóficas, de la literatura, etc. El Bushido era un código de conducta y de ética que existió en Japón en la Edad Media, desde el siglo XII hasta finales del siglo XIX. El Bushido como filosofía y código de conducta surgió en el siglo XII y estará en vigor durante siete siglos hasta su abolición en 1868, con la revolución industrial y el desmantelamiento de la sociedad tradicional aunque ello no quita que continuase presente en el Japón de la vida política, social y económica. Responde al objetivo trazado de analizar el contenido económico del texto de Yuzan.
Evaluación del impacto social de la investigación
Authors: Flecha García Ramón
Published: April 2019

Desde su creación, las Ciencias Sociales han tenido un importante rol en contribuir a la mejora de la sociedad. Sin embargo, esto no siempre se ha logrado en la investigación social. Hoy, la comunidad científica internacional plantea un marco desde donde recuperar ese sentido original y contribuir a dar respuesta a las necesidades de la ciudadanía a través de la ciencia: el impacto social. Los Programas Marco de Investigación Europea plantean los principales retos de la sociedad europea, a los que los proyectos financiados deben aportar soluciones. Ya desde la redacción de los proyectos, el personal investigador está desafiado a prever ese impacto. El presente artículo plantea el debate del impacto social de la ciencia y provee orientaciones para la elaboración de proyectos de investigación que puedan tener o aumentar su impacto social, impacto que la sociedad espera y pide a las ciencias sociales en beneficio de la humanidad.
La quiebra antropológica de la economía neoclásica
Authors: López Casquete de Prado Manuel
Published: April 2019

La económica neoclásica toma como uno de sus principales cimientos la elaboración contenida en La riqueza de las naciones de Adam Smith, de la que hace derivar una comprensión del hombre como ser exclusivamente centrado en la maximización de su interés particular. Sin embargo, para llevar a cabo una correcta comprensión de la obra de Smith, es preciso analizar a fondo la base antropológica contenida en su obra, sin duda mucho más compleja de lo que la tradición neoclásica ha considerado. En este artículo nos proponemos estudiar el planteamiento antropológico de Adam Smith, mostrar las desviaciones en la recepción e interpretación de dicho planteamiento y algunas de las consecuencias que ha generado en nuestra elaboración económica. Para ello ofrecemos una comparación entre la antropología de la economía neoclásica y otro modelo antropológico más completo y acordado a la naturaleza humana: el elaborado por el filósofo francés Jacques Maritain. De la comparación entre ambos modelos concluimos la necesidad de reelaborar las bases antropológicas en las que se basa la elaboración económica actual, heredera de la neoclásica, generando otras más completas y comprensivas de la riqueza de lo que significa ser humano.
"Las muertes de Dios. Ateísmo y espiritualidad"
Authors: López Martín Mª Carmen
Published: April 2019

Reseña de la obra de: ESTRADA DÍAZ, J. A. (2018) Las muertes de Dios. Ateísmo y espiritualidad, Madrid, ed. Trotta, 216 pp.
Estado Nutricional e Desfechos Clínicos em Pacientes Pediátricos com Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda
Authors: De Carvalho Ana Lúcia Miranda , Schramm Marcia Trindade , Murad Leonardo Borges , Saraiva Danúbia da Cunha Antunes
Published: April 2019

Introdução: A leucemia linfoblástica aguda é a neoplasia mais comum na população pediátrica, e estudos apontam o estado nutricional como um fator prognóstico importante. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional de uma coorte de crianças e adolescentes durante o tratamento para leucemia linfoblástica aguda, determinar a sua associação com o risco de recaída e com a sobrevida em cinco anos de seguimento. Método: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, com 54 pacientes de 1 a 18 anos com leucemia linfoblástica aguda, tratados em um hospital de referência em oncologia, entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2009. Os dados antropométricos foram coletados pela equipe de pesquisadores, nos prontuários, no período de junho a outubro de 2015. Verificaram-se a incidência de recaída e o óbito nos pacientes estudados em cinco anos de seguimento. Resultados: Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (55,6%) e a mediana de idade foi de 7,0 anos no início do seguimento. Observou-se um aumento significativo no escore-z médio do índice de massa corporal para idade durante o tratamento de 0,13±1,19 ao diagnóstico para 0,72±1,07 no início da fase de manutenção (p=0,000). No presente estudo, o estado nutricional ao diagnóstico não foi determinante para o risco de recaída. As curvas de sobrevida não foram diferentes entre os pacientes com ou sem excesso de peso ao diagnóstico. Conclusão: Na população estudada, observou-se um ganho ponderal significativo durante o tratamento, porém não foi encontrada associação entre estado nutricional ao diagnóstico e risco de recaída, e não se verificou influência do excesso de peso na sobrevida.
Desenvolvimento Social e Mortalidade por Câncer de Cólon e Reto no Brasil, 1996-2013
Authors: Dutra Viviane Gomes Parreira , Guimarães Raphael Mendonça
Published: April 2019

Introdução: A mortalidade por câncer colorretal associa-se ao desenvolvimento social. Objetivos: Descrever tendência temporal da mortalidade por câncer colorretal e associá-la ao desenvolvimento social no Brasil. Método: Estudo ecológico com dados de óbitos por câncer colorretal entre 1996 e 2013, e dados censitários de 2000 e 2010 sobre indicadores sociais (índice de Gini, razão de renda, grau de urbanização e índice de desenvolvimento humano). Calculou-se taxa de mortalidade padronizada por faixa quinquenal e realizada a modelagem por regressão polinomial, determinando se há mudança percentual anual (APC). Foram selecionados municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes, caracterizados pelo nível de  desenvolvimento em bom/ruim através de análise de cluster com indicadores sociais, e comparadas as taxas de mortalidade de cada grupo, utilizando teste ANOVA e correlações através do coeficiente de Pearson. Resultados: Há tendência crescente de mortalidade no Brasil e regiões. A APC de mortalidade para o sexo masculino no Norte (APC=5,41, IC 95% 4,85-5,96) e Nordeste (APC=5,41, IC 95% 4,04-5,78) foi maior que no Sul (APC=1,86, IC 95% 1,49-2,24) e Sudeste (APC= 1,56, IC 95% 1,34-1,79). A taxa de mortalidade para populações com bom desenvolvimento foi maior que no grupo com pior desenvolvimento (p=0,02). A taxa é diretamente proporcional ao IDH (r=0,39, p<0,05) e urbanização (r=0,37, p<0,05), e inversamente proporcional aos indicadores de desigualdade (r=-0,40, p<0,05). Conclusão: Observou-se tendência temporal crescente por câncer de cólon no Brasil, e associação positiva entre a magnitude das taxas e o nível de desenvolvimento local.
Diagnóstico de la Asociación de Transporte Pesado del Carchi (ATPC) para una propuesta de renovación de camiones a partir del bono de chatarrización y asignación de un cupo de importación
Authors: Mora Chuquer Edwin Jonathan , Paspuel Castillo Santiago Javier
Published: April 2019

El presente estudio se realizó en el cantón Tulcán, específicamente en la Asociación de Transporte Pesado del Carchi A.T.P.C, en donde se encuentran la mayoría de empresas dedicadas al Transporte de Carga pesada.  El trabajo consiste en una investigación documental – técnica, aplicada a dicha asociación con la finalidad de determinar la cantidad de vehículos que se encuentran fuera de su periodo de vida útil y que se pueden acoger a un cupo de importación directa de vehículos, con características mecánicas idénticas a los vendidos en el país, pero con una cabina con una antigüedad de cinco años atrás.  La problemática principal del proyecto se centra en el análisis de las condiciones actuales en las que se desarrolla el transporte en el Carchi frente a los altos costos de la renovación vehicular, lo que genera que muchos de los transportistas no hayan podido actualizar sus unidades.  Como resultado, se pudo evidenciar mediante datos estadísticos del diagnóstico, que el transporte de carga pesado obtendría grandes beneficios económicos, si el gobierno permitiera la importación directa de vehículos mecánicamente nuevos con una cabina de cinco años atrás.  Se plantea un tipo de vehículo recomendado para ser importado, el cual cumple con todas las características técnicas tanto de tracción como de preservación del medio ambiente.  Adicionalmente se abre un camino para que el sector del transporte carchense genere la capacidad de crear ventajas competitivas frente al vecino país de Colombia, en lo referente a modernización de la flota vehicular y no menos importante en precios de fletes, puesto que el nivel de endeudamiento se reduce, aumentando los ingresos y el nivel de vida de los transportistas miembros de la asociación.
Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad de los escolares de las Escuelas de la Ciudad de Tulcán en el periodo escolar 2009-2010
Authors: Bolaños Lucero Rodrigo Heriberto
Published: April 2019

Se determinó la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso de los escolares de las Escuelas de la Ciudad de Tulcán y las posibles causas que la originan, en el periodo escolar 2009-2010. La no existencia de datos locales y la declaración de la obesidad como la epidemia global del siglo XXI por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, de un total de 8683 alumnos se tomo al azar una muestra 140 escolares, y se les aplico un test antropométrico y una encuesta para determinar el tipo de alimentación y sus entretenimientos. En el año 2001 los resultados regionales investigados por el Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador fue de 8% en sobrepeso y 6 % obesidad. Nuestros resultados 15 % de riesgo de sobrepeso y 5% de obesidad, causados por un desequilibrio en la alimentación y sedimentarismo, como un escasa vigilancia de las autoridades que les compete el tema.
Challenges and Implications to Ethnic Identity of Minority Malays in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rameez A.
Published: April 2019

Ethnicity of minority group shifts in a plural society with a strong influence of core ethnic groups and thus minorities give up their ethnic identity and become identified with the larger society. Although Malays in Sri Lanka constitute 0.3 % of total population and are dispersed widely throughout the country, the prospect of their integration with core ethnic groups is largely significant compared to other ethnic groups. Although much has been written about Malays and their genesis in the island, studies on integration of Malays and its implications on their ethnicity has suffered scholarly neglect for many years. Thus, this study examines the degree of integration of Malays with other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka and the factors contributing to endanger their ethnicity. This is a qualitative study consisting of observation, interviews and focus group discussion as data collection techniques. This study argues that high integration by Malays with other ethnic groups has significantly endangered their ethnicity. This is attributed to mixed educational and working environment, interspersed settlement, shared religion, and absence of prejudice and stereotype against Malays by others. It is assumed that the identity of Malays would be eroded in future if the present trend of integration persists in the community level.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN REMAJA PUTERI DALAM PERAWATAN ORGAN REPRODUKSI
Authors: Surmiasih Surmiasih , Winarsi Noven , Wahidun Wahidun
Published: April 2019

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTSBackground: The World Health Organization states that poor women's reproductive health problems have reached 33% of the total burden of diseases suffered by women in the world. In Indonesia alone 75% of women have experienced vaginal discharge at least once in their lives. In Lampung, it was recorded that the implementation of health promotion or health education about hygiene behavior regarding the care of reproductive organs in adolescents was 20.29% of teenagers doing good hygiene behavior.Purpose: Knowing of the effectiveness of reproductive health education among female adolescentsMethods: This research is a type of quantitative research with quasi experimental design, one group pretest-post test design approach. The population is 124 female students. The sampling technique in this study uses the total population.Results: There was an effect of health education on the ability of female adolescents in the care of reproductive organs, obtained p-value 0.001.Conclusion: expected to increase knowledge about reproductive health for adolescents and how to care for good reproductive organs so that adolescents avoid the adverse effects caused if they do not treat reproductive organs. Keywords   : Reproductive health education, female, adolescents Pendahuluan: World Health Organization menyatakan masalah kesehatan reproduksi perempuan yang buruk telah mencapai 33% dari jumlah total beban penyakit yang diderita para perempuan di dunia. Di Indonesia sendiri 75% wanita pernah mengalami keputihan minimal satu kali dalam hidupnya. Di Lampung tercatat pelaksaan promosi kesehatan atau pendidikan kesehatan tentang perilaku hygiene tentang perawatan organ reproduksi pada remaja sebanyak 20,29% remaja melakukan perilaku hygiene yang baik.Tujuan: Diketahui adanya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap kemampuan remaja puteri dalam perawatan organ reproduksi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain quasi eksperimental design dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest. .Jumlah populasi adalah 124 siswi.Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total population.Hasil:  Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap kemampuan remaja puteri dalam perawatan organ reproduksi, didapatkan p-value 0,001.Simpulan: Seluruh siswa dapat menambah pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan cara merawat organ reproduksi yang baik sehingga remaja terhindar dari efek buruk yang ditimbulkan jika mereka tidak merawat organ reproduksi.
RENDAM KAKI DENGAN AIR HANGAT SALAH SATU TERAPI YANG MAMPU MENGATASI INSOMNIA PADA LANSIA
Authors: Hardono Hardono , Oktaviana Elisa , Andoko Andoko
Published: April 2019

THE EFFECTS OF WARM-WATER FOOTBATH ON  INSOMNIA AMONG ELDERLYBackground: Insomnia is often considered normal when it is allowed to cause disease and even death, especially in the elderly with a percentage of 50% of elderly experiencing insomnia. At the Tresna Werdha Social Home of 10 elderly, there were about 4 elderly who had experienced on mild to severe insomnia.Purpose: This study was to determine the effect of warm-water footbath on insomnia among elderly at the Tresna Werdha Natar Social Home.Methods: The design of the study used a quasi-experimental with the one group pretest-posttest design method. The population of this study was 17 elderly who were experiencing a mild and severe insomnia with a sampling technique by total sampling.Results: Statistical tests using paired t test. Clinical results obtained a mean score before 25.76 meaning mild insomnia and an average score after 17.18 means  with a decrease of 8,588 . The statistical test results obtained a significant value of 0.000 (p-Value <0.05) which means Ha is acceptedConclusion: There is the effect of of warm-water footbath on insomnia among elderly. It is recommended that this study can be a safe therapy for the elderly who has suffered on insomnia, especially in nursing homes.Keywords: Warm-water footbath, insomnia, elderly Pendahuluan: Insomnia sering dianggap hal yang biasa padahal bila dibiarkan dapat menimbulkan penyakit bahkan kematian terutama pada lansia dengan persentasi 50% lansia mengalami insomnia. Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha dari 10 lansia terdapat 4 lansia yang mengalami insomnia di usia 65 tahun sampai 74 tahun dari insomnia ringan sampai berat.Tujuan :  Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh rendam kaki dengan air hangat terhadap penurunan insomnia lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Natar.Metode : Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan metode pendekatan one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 17 lansia yang mengalami insomnia ringan dan berat dengan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara total samplingHasil : Uji statistik menggunakan paired t test.Hasil klinis didapat skor rerata sebelum 25.76 artinya insomnia ringan dan skor rerata sesudah 17.18 artinya tidak insomnia dengan penurunan 8.588. Hasil uji statistik didapat nilai signifikan 0.000 (P-Value < 0,05) yang berarti Ha diterimaSimpulan : ada pengaruh rendam kaki dengan air hangat terhadap penurunan insomnia pada lansia. Penurunan dari insomnia ringan menjadi tidak insomnia.Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi terapi yang aman digunakan oleh penderita insomnia terutama pada lansia di panti werda.
Schopenhauer y el idealismo del color
Authors: Charpenel Elorduy Eduardo
Published: April 2019

En 1810, Goethe publicó su tratado titulado Zur Farbenlehre (Teoría de los colores). Con la intención de respaldar los postulados básicos de la teoría de Goethe y con ello ganar el apadrinazgo del escritor, en 1815 Schopenhauer redactó Über das Sehn und die Farben (Sobre la visión y los colores). La teoría schopenhaueriana de los colores, tal como explica el autor, fue desatendida por mucho tiempo a pesar de que en ella hay material sumamente valioso. Schopenhauer logra articular su teoría de la visión con una descripción idealista del color. Creer que los colores son propiedades reales de los objetos es una postura, según Schopenhauer, dogmática: el color es una sensación que se explica a partir de que la luz permite la actividad de la retina. Tras un análisis detallado de la concepción schopenhaueriana del color,el autor apunta sus atinos y desatinos.