bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-22 andLactobacillus delbrueckiimitigate alcohol-induced exacerbation of DSS-induced colitis
Authors: Cannon Abigail R , Shim Esther H , Kuprys Paulius V , Choudhry Mashkoor A
Published: August 2022

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by cycles of active disease flare and inactive disease remission. During UC remission, IL-22 is up-regulated, acting as a hallmark of entrance into UC remission. Recently, we found that in our mouse model of binge alcohol and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, alcohol increases severity of UC pathology. In this study, we assessed not only whether alcohol influenced IL-22 expression and thereby perpetuates UC, but also whether recombinant IL-22 (rIL-22) or treatment with a probiotic could alleviate exacerbated symptoms of UC. Levels of large intestine IL-22 were significantly decreased ∼6.9-fold in DSS ethanol compared with DSS vehicle. Examination of lamina propria (LP) cells in the large intestine revealed IL-22+ γδ T cells in DSS vehicle-treated mice were significantly increased, while IL-22+ γδ T cells in DSS ethanol mice were unable to mount this IL-22 response. We administered rIL-22 and found it restored weight loss of DSS ethanol-treated mice. Colonic shortening and increased Enterobacteriaceae were also attenuated. Administration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii attenuated weight loss (p < 0.01), colon length (p < 0.001), mitigated increases in Enterobacteriaceae, increased levels of IL-22, and increased levels of p-STAT3 back to that of DSS vehicle group in DSS ethanol mice. In contrast, sole administration of L. delbrueckii supernatant was not sufficient to reduce UC exacerbation following alcohol. Our findings suggest L. delbrueckii contributes to repair mechanisms by increasing levels of IL-22, resulting in phosphorylation of STAT3, thus attenuating the alcohol-induced increases in intestinal damage after colitis.
Neutrophil functional heterogeneity is a fixed phenotype and is associated with distinct gene expression profiles
Authors: Maskarinec Stacey A , McKelvy Margaret , Boyle Kimberly , Hotchkiss Halie , Duarte Madelaine E , Addison Bechtler , Amato Nicholas , Khandelwal Sanjay , Arepally Gowthami M , Lee Grace M
Published: August 2022

Differences in the ability of neutrophils to perform relevant effector functions has been identified in a variety of disease states. Although neutrophil functional heterogeneity is increasingly recognized during disease, few studies have examined neutrophil functional heterogeneity during periods of health. In this study, we systematically characterize neutrophil functional heterogeneity in a cohort of healthy human subjects using a range of biologically relevant agonists including immune complexes, bacterial ligands, and pathogens. With repeated testing over several years, we show that neutrophil functional capability represents a fixed phenotype for each individual. This neutrophil phenotype is preserved across a range of agonists and extends to a variety of effector functions including degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap release, reactive oxygen species generation, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing. Using well-phenotyped healthy human subjects, we demonstrate that neutrophil functional heterogeneity is characterized by differences in neutrophil gene expression patterns. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that while neutrophil function is highly heterogeneous among healthy subjects, each individual's functional capability represents a fixed phenotype defined by a distinct neutrophil gene expression profile. These findings may be relevant during disease states where the ability to perform relevant neutrophil effector functions may impact disease course and/or clinical outcome.
Controlling Size and Surface Chemistry of Cationic Nanogels by Inverse Microemulsion ATRP
Authors: Simakova Antonina , Averick Saadyah , Jazani Arman Moini , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

The unique properties of cationic nanogels, such as their hydrophilicity and high loading capacity, make them a promising platform as drug delivery agents, particularly for the delivery of hydrophilic biomolecules. Although several synthetic methods exist for cationic nanogels, polymerization in dispersed media is advantageous due to its ability to provide control over composition and high monomer conversion. However, polymer droplets typically suffer from a significant increase in size during polymerization due to the Ostwald ripening process. Herein, the preparation of cationic nanogels by atom transfer radical polymerization under inverse microemulsion conditions of a hydrophilic inimer that prevents monomer diffusion and hence limits droplets’ growth during polymerization is reported. Additionally, the surface functionality of the nanogels can be modulated by the application of hydrophobic reactive surfactants or by grafting hydrophilic shells to form core‐shell cationic nanogels. The synthesized cationic nanogels are biocompatible, internalized to HEK 293 cells, and have a high complexation ability for plasmid DNA.
Heat shock proteins: Biological functions, pathological roles, and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Hu Chen , Yang Jing , Qi Ziping , Wu Hong , Wang Beilei , Zou Fengming , Mei Husheng , Liu Jing , Wang Wenchao , Liu Qingsong
Published: August 2022

The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous and conserved protein families in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and they maintain cellular proteostasis and protect cells from stresses. HSP protein families are classified based on their molecular weights, mainly including large HSPs, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, and small HSPs. They function as molecular chaperons in cells and work as an integrated network, participating in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, refolding metastable proteins, protein complex assembly, dissociating protein aggregate dissociation, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. In addition to their chaperone functions, they also play important roles in cell signaling transduction, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulation. Therefore, malfunction of HSPs is related with many diseases, including cancers, neurodegeneration, and other diseases. In this review, we describe the current understandings about the molecular mechanisms of the major HSP families including HSP90/HSP70/HSP60/HSP110 and small HSPs, how the HSPs keep the protein proteostasis and response to stresses, and we also discuss their roles in diseases and the recent exploration of HSP related therapy and diagnosis to modulate diseases. These research advances offer new prospects of HSPs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Nonsymmorphic P21/m‐MoTe2: Novel 2D Topological Materials
Authors: Hu Yuzhong , Yan Qiuhui , Zhou Pan , Li Zehou , He Chaoyu , Sun Lizhong
Published: August 2022

Nonsymmorphic symmetries play a significant role in the emergence of topological nontrivial phases in some 2D materials. Herein, a new 2D material P21/m‐MoTe2 with nontrivial topological properties and nonsymmorphic symmetries is proposed. With the help of first‐principles calculations, it is found that it is dynamically stable, and has relatively high energetic stability. When spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is ignored, this material is a semimetal with two intersects appearing on the high‐symmetry line Γ–Y. Detailed symmetry analysis reveal that they are protected by the screw operator . After SOC is turned on, it turns into a topological insulator with a global bandgap of 94 meV. The large gap ensures that the topological nontrivial phase is robust to an external perturbation. The discovery of nonsymmorphic P21/m‐MoTe2 expands the family of transition metal dichalcogenides and provides a new platform to study topological phases in 2D nonsymmorphic materials.
Hypolipogenic effects of Icariside E4 via phosphorylation of AMPK and inhibition of MID1IP1 in HepG2 cells
Authors: Suh Jin Young , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Sim Deok Yong , Park Ji Eon , Ahn Chi‐Hoon , Park Su‐Yeon , Shin Nari , Kim Bonglee , Shim Bum Sang , Kim Sung‐Hoon
Published: August 2022

Though icariside E4 (IE4) is known to have anti‐noceptive, anti‐oxidant, anti‐Alzheimer and anti‐inflammatory effects, there was no evidence on the effect of IE4 on lipid metabolism so far. Hence, the hypolipogenic mechanism of IE4 was investigated in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs) in association with MID1 Interacting Protein 1(MID1IP1) and AMPK signaling. Here, IE4 did not show any toxicity in HepG2 cells, but reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by Oil Red O staining. MID1IP1 depletion decreased the expression of SREBP‐1c and fatty acid synthase (FASN) and induced phosphorylation of ACC in HepG2 cells. Indeed, IE4 activated phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and inhibited the expression of MID1IP1 in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, IE4 suppressed the expression of SREBP‐1c, liver X receptor‐α (LXR), and FASN for de novo lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, AMPK inhibitor compound C reversed the ability of IE4 to reduce MID1IP1, SREBP‐1c, and FASN and activate phosphorylation of AMPK/ACC in HepG2 cells, indicating the important role of AMPK/ACC signaling in IE4‐induced hypolipogenic effect. Taken together, these findings suggest that IE4 has hypolipogenic potential in HepG2 cells via activation of AMPK and inhibition of MID1IP1 as a potent candidate for treatment of fatty liver disease.
Determination of relative sensitivity factor, sputtering rate, and detection limits of deuterium in deuterium ion‐implanted Zircaloy‐4 using secondary ion mass spectrometer
Authors: Singh Manish , Karki Vijay , Jaison Perumpillil G.
Published: August 2022

Zirconium‐based alloys are extensively used in the nuclear industry as materials for reactor core components. These alloys are used in fuel cladding and pressure tubes with 1H2O or 2H2O as the primary heat exchange fluid. Continuous usage of pressure tubes and fuel cladding inside the reactor results in heavy ingress of hydrogen (1H) or deuterium (2H), which gives rise to the formation of hydrogen (or deuterium) precipitates in the host of zirconium matrix. This is called hydrogen (or deuterium) embrittlement phenomenon. Therefore, determination of hydrogen or deuterium concentration periodically in zirconium alloy pressure tubes and cladding are crucial for safe operation of nuclear reactors. Hence, in this work, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been utilized to determine the relative sensitive factor (RSF), sputtering rate, and detection limits of 2H in 2H+ ion‐implanted Zircaloy‐4 sample. SIMS analysis has been carried out using O2+ and Cs+ primary ion beams. Depth profiles of various elemental and molecular secondary ions have been monitored to determine the RSF values and detection limits of 2H in the sample under different primary ion beam analysis conditions. Sputtering rate under different analysis conditions has also been determined from the correlation between the projected range of 2H+ ions in Zircaloy‐4 sample determined from Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) software and the depth of the crater formed by primary ion beam bombardment process. The projected range of 2H+ ions in Zircaloy‐4 was estimated to be ~524.2 nm using the simulation carried out by SRIM software. The projected range, evaluated by SRIM software, was utilized for depth scale calibration of SIMS sputtered time profiles. The SIMS depth profiles were also calibrated by determining the depth of the SIMS crater by using optical depth profilometer. The values of range estimated by SRIM as well as optical profilometer were found to be in good agreement, within instrument uncertainty.
Porosity and functionality: A study on interdependence
Authors: Maity Jayeta , Roy Dipali , Singha Pintu , Banerjee Aritra , Bala Tanushree
Published: August 2022

The catalytic activity of a material had been dependent on the nature of the matrix. To address this issue, a detailed study was aimed. TiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated with an unusual anatase crystal phase and an interesting porous morphology. The development of porosity in TiO2 was skillfully achieved by using hexamine during the synthesis, followed by its selective removal by calcination at an optimum temperature. The route was found to be template‐free, green and thoroughly reproducible. Surface of the as prepared TiO2 was modified with oleic acid (OA) expecting an interaction between Lewis acidic TiO2 and electron‐rich OA. This modification enabled adhesion of Ag nanoparticles on TiO2 surface, because OA had already been reported as an effective capping agent for Ag nanoparticles. A comparison was made between the photocatalytic activities of TiO2 and TiO2‐Ag nanocomposites. This was further compared with commercial variety of TiO2. A very interesting trend was observed establishing that porous morphology of the nanoparticles could boost photocatalytic activities toward dye degradation in water medium. All the samples were systematically characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, XPS, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and Transmission Electron Microscopy.
Quick Release of Hydrogen Peroxide from Carbamide Peroxide Promotes Apoptosis of A549 Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Meng Xiangrui , Zheng Qiao , Sun Yuanyuan , Wang Qian , Wang Lan , Yuan Ping , Song Xiao , Miao Yuqing
Published: August 2022

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the leading morbidity and mortality worldwide. H2O2 is an important oxidant, and lethal to tumor cells. The present study aimed to explore new higher‐H2O2‐content and faster‐H2O2‐release rate carbamide peroxide (CP) compounds for treatment of lung cancer. The CP added with benzoic acid termed CP−B was applied in the research. Fenton reaction was used to determine the content and rate of H2O2 release by degrading organic small molecule dyes. The results showed that CP−B could be decolorized 200 mg/L RhB solution within 60 s. The phenotype was analyzed by vitro experiment the effects of the CP compound on A549 lung cancer cell line. The results showed that CP−B had a significant effect on pro‐apoptosis, anti‐proliferation and anti‐migration of A549 cells. Using RNA seq, it was found that CP−B might up‐regulate the INS‐IGF2 gene and it was closely related to the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway. Finally, in vivo experiments indicated that CP−B has extremely low side effects and potentially tumor treatment capabilities.
Room Temperature Direct Reductive Amination of Carbonyl compounds by L‐ascorbic Acid‐ NaBH4 in Water
Authors: Mukherjee Suvodip , Chandra Pariyar Gyan , Mitra Bijeta , Ghosh Pranab
Published: August 2022

A novel concept for the direct reductive amination of aldehyde and ketones has been developed which uses largely available, low cost and harmless L‐ascorbic acid as sustainable, versatile, non‐toxic catalyst and NaBH4 as a reductant. Described herein is a one‐pot conversion of effortlessly accessible primary and secondary amines to biologically active secondary and tertiary amines respectively in water at room temperature within 15–45 minutes. The generality of reaction was established by using various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, ketones and amines with 20 examples ranging from 65 to 97 % yield. The mild condition, environmentally benign byproducts and broad scope of makes this transformation very useful.
Outstanding Surface Passivation for Highly Efficient Silicon Solar Cells Enabled by Innovative AlyTiOx/TiOxElectron‐Selective Contact Stack
Authors: Shehata Mohamed M. , Phang Pheng , Basnet Rabin , Yin Yanting , Kremer Felipe , Bartholazzi Gabriel , Andersson Gunther G. , Macdonald Daniel H. , Black Lachlan E.
Published: August 2022

Passivating contacts based on transition metal oxides (TMOs) have the potential to overcome existing performance limitations in high‐efficiency crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells, which is a significant driver for continuing cost/Watt reductions of photovoltaic electricity. Herein, innovative stacks of Al‐alloyed TiOx(AlyTiOx) and pure TiOxas transparent electron‐selective passivating contacts for n‐type c‐Si surfaces are explored. An optimized stack of 2 nm AlyTiOxand 2 nm TiOxis shown to provide both record‐quality surface passivation and excellent electrical contact, with a surface recombination current density prefactorJ0of 2.4 fA cm−2and a specific contact resistivityρcof 15.2 mΩ cm2. The performance of this innovative stack significantly exceeds previously reported values for pure or doped TiOxsingle layers, SiOx/TiOxstacks, a‐Si:H/TiOxstacks, and other transparent contact technologies. Furthermore, an excellent efficiency of 21.9% is attained by incorporating the optimized stack as a full‐area rear contact in an n‐type c‐Si solar cell. The findings set a new benchmark for the passivation performance of metal oxide‐based passivating contacts, bringing it to a level on par with state‐of‐the‐art SiOx/poly‐Si contacts while greatly improving optical transparency.
Recrystallization Behavior of Hot‐Rolled Microstructure with Texture Gradient and Texture of Final Sheet in Thin‐Gauge Electrical Steel
Authors: Tang Yuqin , Yang Ping , Li Zhichao , Zhang Zhiyi , Gu Xinfu
Published: August 2022

The typical feature of hot‐rolled sheets exhibits strong inhomogeneity in microstructure and texture along the thickness direction, and the latter can be named as texture gradient. Herein, the recrystallization and grain growth behaviors of the hot‐rolled sheet in a thin‐gauge nonoriented electrical steel are investigated at different normalization temperatures. The origin and the growth behavior of the main recrystallization texture {114}<481> are revealed. The results show that the texture gradient in hot‐rolled sheets leads to the difference in microstructure and texture between the surface layer and the central layer after normalization. The strong {114}<481> recrystallization texture originates in the orientation transition zone and the vicinity of the grain boundaries of deformed α‐fiber grains in the central layer of hot‐rolled sheets. The volume advantage of {114}<481> grains stem from the favorable growth environment caused by the low‐deformation stored energy, low orientation gradient, higher mobility of grain boundary, and size advantage to their surrounding deformation structure. In the final sheet, {100}<021> texture is the most vital texture, but {114}<481> grains exhibit a large volume fraction. As there are only 4–5 grains on average along the thickness direction of the final sheet, the texture gradient along the thickness direction no longer exists.
Comparative Analysis between Slotless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor with Equidirectional Toroidal Winding and Integral‐Slot Winding
Authors: Wei Yanqi , Si Jikai , Han Yaofei , Li Yingsheng , Gan Chun
Published: August 2022

Fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) is a kind of winding structure with few‐slots/coils multi‐poles. FSCW has the potential value of high torque density due to its short end‐winding and high slot fill ratio and is widely used in low‐speed direct‐drive application situations. However, compared with integral slot winding (ISW), the back EMF coefficient of FSCW is smaller, which leads to smaller output torque under the same condition. To improve the back EMF coefficient of FSCW, equidirectional toroidal winding (ETW) is proposed and applied to the dual rotor slotless axial flux permanent magnet motor (AFPM), in which the unit structure is three slots/coils two poles, and the ideal back EMF coefficient is the same as that of ISW. In this paper, firstly, the structure of ETW is introduced and its operating principle is analyzed. Then, compared with the AFPM with ISW, the open circuit and load characteristics of the AFPM with ETW under two conditions of the same wire gauge and the same coil width are analyzed respectively. The back EMF coefficient and output torque of ETW‐AFPM are similar to that of ISW‐AFPM under the same coil width. The back EMF coefficient and output torque of ETW‐AFPM are a little lower than that of ISW‐AFPM under the same wire gauge. Finally, the experimental results also validate the feasibility of AFPM with ETW and the correctness of the analysis results. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Distal renal tubular acidosis and lethargy associated with zonisamide treatment in a dog with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Itoi Takamasa , Akashi Natsuki , Shimizu Yuki , Sugimoto Keisuke , Hata Akihisa , Kutara Kenji , Miyama Takako Shimokawa , Kanda Teppei
Published: August 2022

A 3‐year‐old neutered male golden retriever administered zonisamide for the treatment of seizures showed lethargy and had normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with hypokalaemia, hyperchloremia, and alkaline urine. The serum zonisamide concentration was close to the upper limit, which raised a suspicion of adverse effects of zonisamide. This is the first report showing that the fractional excretion of bicarbonate after compensation for the plasma bicarbonate concentration by a sodium bicarbonate infusion was approximately 5%, indicating distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA). The serum zonisamide concentration decreased, and adverse effects were abated by reducing the zonisamide dosage. Diagnostic therapy with bicarbonate served as a means of compensating for bicarbonate deficiency and contributed to the clinical diagnosis of the condition in zonisamide‐associated RTA in dogs.
Suicide in the Transport System
Authors: Andersson Anna-Lena , Svensson Kenneth
Published: August 2022

The Swedish Transport Administration (STA) work to reduce the number of suicides in the transport system. Fatalities, i.e., on roads, railways, and bridges, originate from either accidents or suicides, natural death excluded. Knowing the correct manner of death is needed to work with optimal prevention strategies. The aims are to separate fatalities due to suicides, follow the development, and implement measures for suicide prevention. Methods are developed for suicide classification and criteria for the selection in which suicides were suspected. Fatalities in level one and two of five were classified as suicides. Data from the STA’s databases are used and so are data from the psychosocial investigations done by a trained investigator in the topic and with clinical experience from counselling at hospitals. 2129 persons died on the roads in Sweden, 10% (206 persons) were classified as suicides. 336 persons died after being hit by trains, 85% (284 persons) were suicides. 130 persons died by jumping from bridges.

The number of suicides increases with population density. Suicide in the transport system is a major problem; firstly personal tragedies, it is also a work environment problem for truck and train drivers and for the emergency staff. It generates delays and costs for passenger and cargo transport. By analyzing the results of countermeasures in the form of obstructive barriers, the physical environment can be improved and high-risk areas can be accentuated. Restricting access to the means of suicide is important in suicide prevention. Strategies for the STA include suicide prevention in the design of new roads, railways, and bridges, as well as by identifying and reducing existing high-risk locations. Sharing the results with other authorities and organizations and cooperation within suicide prevention missions are vital for the enhancement of the overall suicide prevention work in society.
Classification of Robinson-Trautman and Kundt geometries with Large D limit
Authors: Kirezli Pınar
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Algebraic classification of higher dimensional, shear-free, twist-free, expanding (or non-expanding) spacetime is studied with the limit of D → ∞. Similar to classification of any arbitrary dimension D > 4, this spacetime is Type I(b) or more special, according to our calculations. However, thanks to the method of taking the limit of dimension D → ∞, the relevant Weyl scalars become much simpler. Without solving field equations, by determining obligatory conditions to the components of Weyl scalar vanish, the spacetime is classified Type I(a), Type II(a-b-c-d), Type III(a-b), Type N and Type O for primary Weyl aligned null direciton (WAND), and Type Ii, Type IIi, Type IIIi and Type D(a-b-c-d) for secondary WAND.
Treatment patterns and prognosis of patients with inoperable stage III NSCLC after completion of concurrent chemoradiotherapy ± immune checkpoint inhibition: a decade-long single-center historical analysis
Authors: Flörsch Benedikt , Taugner Julian , Käsmann Lukas , Kenndoff Saskia , Guggenberger Julian , Tufman Amanda , Reinmuth Niels , Duell Thomas , Belka Claus , Eze Chukwuka , Manapov Farkhad
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To investigate the impact of treatment time and patterns in inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) ± immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods

Patients were stratified by treatment year: A (2011–2014), B (2015–2017) and C (2018–2020). Tumor- and treatment-related characteristics regarding locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were investigated.

Results

One hundred and thirty-six consecutive patients were analyzed. All patients completed thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) to a total dose ≥ 60.0 Gy; 36 (26%) patients received ICI. Median PFS in subgroups A, B and C was 8.0, 8.2 and 26.3 months (p = 0.007). Median OS was 19.9 months, 23.4 months and not reached (NR), respectively. In group C, median LRRFS and PFS were 27.2 vs. NR; and 14.2 vs. 26.3 months in patients treated with and without ICI. On multivariate analysis planning target volume (PTV) ≥ 700 cc was a negative prognosticator of LRRFS (HR 2.194; p = 0.001), PFS (HR 1.522; p = 0.042) and OS (HR 2.883; p = 0.001); ICI was a predictor of LRRFS (HR 0.497; p = 0.062), PFS (HR 0.571; p = 0.071) and OS (HR 0.447; p = 0.1). In the non-ICI cohort, multivariate analyses revealed PTV ≥ 700 cc (p = 0.047) and a maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) ≥ 13.75 (p = 0.012) were predictors of PFS; PTV ≥ 700 cc (p = 0.017), SUVmax ≥ 13.75 (p = 0.002) and a total lung V20 ≥ 30% (V20 ≥ 30) (p < 0.05) were predictors of OS.

Conclusions

Patients treated after 2018 had improved survival regardless of ICI use. Implementation of ICI resulted in further significant increase of all tested survival endpoints. PTV ≥ 700 cc and ICI were only prognosticators for LRRFS, PFS and OS in the analyzed cohort.
Spatial genetic structure in the Madeiran endemic Dactylorhiza foliosa (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Hedren Mikael
Published: August 2022

Oceanic islands have isolated biota, which typically include many endemic species. However, island endemics are vulnerable due to small population sizes, and they are often threatened by habitat destruction or by introduced pests and predators. Adequate conservation planning requires good information on genetic variability and population structure, also when seemingly viable species are considered. Here, I analysed the genetic structure in the terrestrial orchid Dactylorhiza foliosa, which is endemic to Madeira. This species is a characteristic component of evergreen laurel forests occupying the northern slopes of the island. Levels of diversity in both the plastid genome and in the nuclear genome were comparable to levels of diversity found in congeners growing in continental regions. Within populations, plants separated by distances up to 256 m shared plastid haplotypes significantly more often than plants at random, but when nuclear markers were considered, only plants growing closer than eight metres were significantly more closely related. Analysis of plastid marker variation revealed that gene dispersal by seeds is not sufficiently large to counterbalance the accumulation of mutations that build up divergence between the most distant populations. However, differentiation in the nuclear genome was considerably smaller, suggesting that gene dispersal by pollen is much more efficient than gene dispersal by seeds in D. foliosa. The overall pollen to seed dispersal ratio, mp/ms, was 7.30. Considering genetic parameters, conditions for long-term persistence of D. foliosa on Madeira seem to be good.
A material momentum balance law for shells and plates with application to phase transformations and adhesion
Authors: Goldberg Nathaniel N. , O’Reilly Oliver M.
Published: August 2022

A balance law for material momentum in shells and plates is proposed. The implications of this balance law for the propagation of defects, phase transformations, and shocks are explored. The developments are presented using a purely mechanical theory of a Cosserat (or directed) shell and specialized to the cases of a Kirchhoff–Love shell theory and a linearly elastic plate theory. To explore connections to the literature on delamination and adhesion, the balance law is applied to the problem of blistering.
Age Effects on Women’s and Men’s Dyadic and Solitary Sexual Desire
Authors: Wieczorek Larissa L. , Chivers Meredith , Koehn Monica A. , DeBruine Lisa M. , Jones Benedict C.
Published: August 2022

While most studies on sexuality in later life report that sexual desire declines with age, little is known about the exact nature of age effects on sexual desire. Using self-reported dyadic sexual desire relating to a partner, dyadic sexual desire relating to an attractive person, and solitary sexual desire from a large (N > 8000) and age diverse (14.6–80.2 years) online sample, the current study had three goals: First, we investigated relationships between men and women’s sexual desire and age. Second, we examined whether individual differences such as gender/sex, sexual orientation, self-rated masculinity, relationship status, self-rated attractiveness, and self-rated health predict sexual desire. Third, we examined how these associations differed across sexual desire facets. On average, the associations between age and both men and women’s sexual desire followed nonlinear trends and differed between genders/sexes and types of sexual desire. Average levels of all types of sexual desire were generally higher in men. Dyadic sexual desire related positively to self-rated masculinity and having a romantic partner and solitary desire was higher in people with same-sex attraction. We discuss the results in the context of the evolutionary hypothesis that predict an increase of sexual desire and female reproductive effort prior to declining fertility. Our findings both support and challenge beliefs about gender/sex specificity of age effects on sexual desire and highlight the importance of differentiating between desire types.
Supporting English non-dominant language authors’ efforts to publish: perspectives from the editors-in-chief of highly recognised journals in Mathematics Education
Authors: Geiger Vince , Delzoppo Catherine , Straesser Rudolf
Published: August 2022

In this article, we document the support provided by highly recognised journals in Mathematics Education in response to the challenges faced by English non-dominant language (EnDL) authors when they attempt to publish in English. To address this issue, we first conducted a synthesis of research literature related to those influences that direct EnDL authors’ publication efforts towards English language journals and the associated challenges that result. Second, we gathered survey and interview data from participant editors-in-chief of leading journals in Mathematics Education about the support, enacted and planned, provided by their journal for EnDL authors and associated challenges. Finally, we discuss the findings of the study from the perspective of heteroglossia. Findings indicate that while a range of initiatives have been employed to support EnDL authors, current journal policies lag somewhat behind the plans of editors-in-chief, which have been limited, to date, by available resources.
Assessment of the diet-environment-health-cost quadrilemma in public school canteens. an LCA case study in Galicia (Spain)
Authors: Simon Xavier , Copena Damián , Pérez-Neira David
Published: August 2022

The role of policies and public school canteens as drivers of sustainable and healthy diets is increasingly becoming the center of attention of academics and policy-makers alike. This work therefore aims to assess the environmental, economic and nutritional quality dimensions of the menus consumed across the Local Network of School Canteens in the municipality of Ames (Galicia, Spain). It additionally performs different scenarios to evaluate the effects on the environment-cost-nutritional quality trilemma of implementing two major dietary changes in these menus: introducing more organic products, and shifting toward a more plant-based consumption pattern. To this end, this study considers the following indicators: a) those obtained from an energy and carbon life cycle assessment of the school menus (cradle-to-grave approach), mainly the cumulative energy demand (CED) and the carbon footprint (CF), complemented by some energy efficiency indicators; b) the total cost (TC) of the menus, obtained from their life cycle cost assessment (cradle-to-fork approach); and c) the nutritional quality of the menus, calculated and assessed based on the nutrient rich diet index (NRD 9.3). The CED, CF, TC, and NRD 9.3 index of a daily meal at school canteens are, respectively, estimated at 18.87 MJ, 1.30 kg CO2-eq, EUR 4.65, and 278 per meal. The consumption of animal products and labor (for food preparation) are identified, respectively, as the main environmental impact and economic cost of the menus. The results of our research show how implementing changes in consumption habits toward a more vegetarian diet in school menus makes it possible to include organic products to generate the most positive effects in terms of the environment and nutrition without incurring in cost overruns. Our work discusses the main barriers to be overcome and the political actions that must be enforced to advance the procurement of more sustainable and healthy public food.

Graphical abstract
Higher education and the importance of values: evidence from the World Values Survey
Authors: Koshy Paul , Cabalu Helen , Valencia Vicar
Published: August 2022

The collection of data on values through instruments such as the World Values Survey has focused attention on two opposing but inter-related trends, namely the combination of substantial cultural change in many countries and the persistence of distinctive traditional values. This reflects the interplay between social changes associated with modernisation and globalisation—including increased global trade and the rise of global popular culture—with traditional values country-specific systems. In this paper, we introduce a focus on another potentially important source of change, that of widening higher education participation and attainment, and the extent to which self-reported values differ between university graduates and non-graduates. We investigated this question using data from the most recent collection of the World Values Survey (2017–2020) for six core values—family, friends, leisure, work, politics, and religion—and tested for the influence of higher education attainment on the perceived “importance” of each value and the extent to which this influence differs across values and in gender, generation and country grouping sub-samples. We find evidence for consistent effects in most contexts, with no statistical differences between graduates on non-graduates in relation to the propensity to view family and work as important, statistically significant positive effects on the propensity of graduates to view friends, leisure, and politics as important, and a significant negative effect in relation to religion.
It runs in the family?
Authors: Helin Jouni , Jokinen Juho , Koerselman Kristian , Nokkala Terhi , Räikkönen Eija
Published: August 2022

Family background has been shown to be a strong determinant of educational attainment, yet relatively little is known about the role that family background plays in PhD attainment or in the selection into academic careers. In this study, we estimate sibling correlations from Finnish full population register data to comprehensively assess the importance of family background in selection into academia. Our results show that family background accounts for over a third of the overall variation in becoming a PhD and subsequently an academic — a share which is up to four times as large as implied by conventional comparisons by parental education. However, we did not find evidence that family background would be an exceptionally strong determinant of doctoral outcomes when compared to other educational outcomes. Our findings further suggest that sibling similarities in PhD attainment and academic careers may largely be attributed to sibling similarities in prior educational achievement rather than to other family background characteristics.
School Social Capital Mediates Associations Between ASD Traits and Depression Among Adolescents in General Population
Authors: Mori Hiroyuki , Hirota Tomoya , Monden Rei , Takahashi Michio , Adachi Masaki , Nakamura Kazuhiko
Published: August 2022

Though autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits are associated with depression, it is unclear if school social capital mediates their association. We examined whether school social capital mediates the association between ASD traits and depression, and moderation effect of sex on the mediation effect among adolescents in a general population sample (1750 males, 1779 females; equivalent 12–15 years old). The results of this study indicate that ASD traits are associated with depression among adolescents, and that this association is partly mediated by school social capital. Furthermore, the results of the moderated mediation analysis suggest that lower level of school social capital can lead to more increase level of depression for females than for males.
Was There a 3.2 ka Crisis in Europe? A Critical Comparison of Climatic, Environmental, and Archaeological Evidence for Radical Change during the Bronze Age–Iron Age Transition
Authors: Molloy Barry
Published: August 2022

The globalizing connections that defined the European Bronze Age in the second millennium BC either ended or abruptly changed in the decades around 1200 BC. The impact of climate change at 3.2 ka on such social changes has been debated for the eastern Mediterranean. This paper extends this enquiry of shifting human–climate relationships during the later Bronze Age into Europe for the first time. There, climate data indicate that significant shifts occurred in hydroclimate and temperatures in various parts of Europe ca. 3.2 ka. To test potential societal impacts, I review and evaluate archaeological data from Ireland and Britain, the Nordic area, the Carpathian Basin, the Po Valley, and the Aegean region in parallel with paleoclimate data. I argue that 1200 BC was a turning point for many societies in Europe and that climate played an important role in shaping this. Although long-term trajectories of sociopolitical systems were paramount in defining how and when specific societies changed, climate change acted as a force multiplier that undermined societal resilience in the wake of initial social disjunctures. In this way, it shaped, often detrimentally, the reconfiguration of societies. By impacting more directly on social venues of political recovery, realignment, and reorganization, climate forces accentuate societal crises and, in some areas, sustained them to the point of sociopolitical collapse.
Low-Cost Industrial IoT System for Wireless Monitoring of Electric Motors Condition
Authors: Magadán L. , Suárez F.J. , Granda J. C. , García D. F.
Published: August 2022

Condition monitoring of industrial equipment has become a critical aspect in Industry 4.0. This paper shows the design, implementation and testing of a low-cost Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system designed to monitor electric motors in real-time. This system can be used to detect operating anomalies and paves the way for building predictive maintenance models. The system is built using low-cost hardware components (wireless multi-sensor modules and single-board computers as gateways), open-source software and open cloud services, where all the relevant information is stored. The module collects real-time vibration data from electric motors. Vibration analyses in the temporal and frequency domains were carried out in both modules and gateways to compare their capabilities. This approach is also a springboard to using edge/fog computing to save cloud resources. A system prototype has been tested in the laboratory and in an industrial dairy plant. The results show that the proposed system can be used for continuous monitoring of any rotatory machine with similar accuracy to professional monitoring devices but at a significantly lower cost.
Towards a Sigmatics of the Word ‘Norm’: An Ontological Turn in the Semiotics of the Normative
Authors: Di Lucia Paolo , Passerini Glazel Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

During the twentieth century, the development of semiotics and philosophy of language had a great influence on the investigation of normative phenomena, particularly within the philosophy of law: the analysis of normative language became the prevalent methodological approach among many legal philosophers, and the science of law was frequently understood as an analysis of the object language of law. This approach led to the development of a linguistic ontology of the normative and to a semiotic theory of the validity of norms, in which norms are conceived of as linguistic entities, and their validity is accordingly conceived of as a predicate of normative sentences. However, the resort to a semiotic approach for the investigation of normative phenomena does not necessarily imply the adoption of a linguistic ontology of norms. The semiotic analysis of the possible referents of the word ‘norm’ elaborated by Conte (“Studio per una teoria della validità”, Giappichelli, Torino [1970]1995; entry “Norma” in Enciclopedia filosofica, Bompiani, Milano, 2006) shows that the word ‘norm’ may alternately refer to both linguistic entities and non-linguistic entities, such as deontic states-of-affairs and deontic noemata. Such a “sigmatic” analysis exhibits the relevance of the ontological notion of deontic states-of-affairs, and of the correlative notion of “syntactical validity”. After reconstructing Conte’s theory of validity, we wonder whether validity is necessarily to be conceived of as systemic validity, or also an asystemic and factual validity of norms should be considered.
Multi-aspect detection and classification with multi-feed dynamic frame skipping in vehicle of internet things
Authors: Ahmed Usman , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei , Srivastava Gautam
Published: August 2022

Consumer demand for automobiles is changing because of the vehicle’s dependability and utility, and the superb design and high comfort make the vehicle a wealthy object class. The creation of object classes necessitates the creation of more sophisticated computer vision models. However, the critical issue is image quality, determined by lighting conditions, viewing angle, and physical vehicle construction. This work focuses on creating and implementing a deep learning-based traffic analysis system. Using a variety of video feeds and vehicle information, the developed model recognizes, categorizes, and counts vehicles in real-time traffic flow. The dynamic skipping method offered in the developed model speeds up the processing of a lengthy video stream while ensuring that the video picture is delivered accurately to the viewer. In real-time traffic, standard vehicle retrieval may assist in determining the make, model, and year of the vehicle. Previous MobileNet and VGG19 models achieved F-values of 0.81 and 0.91, respectively. However, the proposed solution raises MobileNet’s frame rate from 71.2 to 89.17 and VGG19’s frame rate from 48.2 to 59.14. The method may be applied to a wide range of applications that require a dedicated zone to monitor real-time data analysis and normal multimedia operations.
Health effects of outdoor water sports in chronic disease: a scoping review
Authors: Cugusi Lucia , Meloni Martina , Bergamin Marco , Gobbo Stefano , Di Blasio Andrea , Conca Corrado , Bassareo Pier Paolo , Piras Alessandra , Bandiera Pasquale
Published: August 2022

Background

Although outdoor water sport activities are gaining increasing attention for their therapeutic potential in the social and care management of populations with chronic diseases, these practices are currently underutilised. Moreover, the available body of literature on the topic has not been critically and comprehensively assessed yet.

Aims

(1) To appraise the health effects of outdoor water sport activities for chronic disease populations; (2) to preliminarily assess the potential size and scope of the available research literature for this emerging field and identify potential gaps and avenues of development.

Methods

A literature search was performed scanning PubMed (including MEDLINE), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Scopus from inception to December 2021. A scoping review was carried out by appraising all the available evidence on outdoor water sport interventions specifically designed for therapeutic purposes for individuals with chronic disease. The quality score of each study was calculated with the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in Exercise (TESTEX) tool.

Results

Fifteen studies (five RCTs, seven non-RCTs and three CTs with healthy subjects as controls) met the inclusion criteria and were assessed. Among the studies selected, two focused on canoa kayak, one on stand-up paddle, two on surfing, two on sailing activity, and eight on dragon boat padding. The median TESTEX score for study quality and reporting was 6/15, i.e., “very low” (range 5–8). Based on the qualitative analysis, the few individual studies that could be included reported generally positive results, ranging from improvements in antioxidant action and cardiovascular function for dragon boating, to beneficial effects on balance, postural control, and flexibility for on-water paddle board activities. Overall, outdoor water sport interventions were associated to higher rates of adherence than conventional trainings.

Conclusions

Very low to low quality evidence from a limited set of pilot studies seems to suggest beneficial effects of outdoor water sports for chronic disease populations. However, such preliminary findings need to be replicated through large, high-quality RCTs to be conducted in target populations. Avenues of development, scoping directions and translational perspectives for this specific research field are proposed and discussed.
Momentum: what do we know 30 years after Jegadeesh and Titman’s seminal paper?
Authors: Wiest Tobias
Published: August 2022

For over 30 years, extensive research has found corroborating evidence that past winners continue to yield higher returns than past losers. This momentum effect is robust across various asset classes and across the globe and presents perhaps the most pervasive contradiction of the efficient market hypothesis. This article reviews three strands of literature on momentum. First, I outline the construction of momentum strategies, emphasizing improvements and alternatives such as time-series momentum, residual momentum, and risk-managed momentum. Second, I summarize the most prominent behavioral-based and risk-based explanations for the origin of momentum. Finally, I present in detail the findings on commonality in stock momentum, namely on industry and factor momentum.