bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Profile of Skin Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital of Kathmandu: An Annual Census
Authors: Paudel Sushil , Sharma Rabindra , Dahal Sudip , Acharya Paudel Indu
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Skin diseases are eighth most common reasons for outpatient in Nepal, and fourth cause of disability globally. Skin diseases varies with the reason, season and socioeconomic status. As the socioeconomic conditions are changing, so are the disease patterns. We planned to report the current trend of skin diseases in Kathmandu and compare with similar studies in past.

Materials and methods: Outpatient department records of Civil Service Hospital from the year 2075 Bikram Sambat were reviewed after ethical clearance from institution review committee and were analyzed after tabulation.

Results: Total number of cases were 9886 (4.51% of total hospital attendance). In total 8097 cases were new, males were 4218 (52.1%) and females 3879 (47.9%). Most common diagnosis was eczemas (18.47%), followed by dermatophytosis (15.29%). Eczemas, chronic urticaria, psoriasis and lichen planus were more common in the adult population of more than 30 years. While infections and acne were more common in young adults, 15-30 years, in both the sexes. Tinea was common during summer and so was scabies in males, while in females, melasma peaked in summer and chronic urticaria during spring and winter.

Conclusion: The pattern of skin diseases is changing with the time. Diseases of possible allergic and immunologic etiology are increasing and diseases with infective etiology are still a huge burden on society.
An Observational Study to Evaluate Quality of Life in Patients with Melasma in A Tertiary Level Hospital of Pokhara
Authors: Pudasaini Prajwal , Neupane Saraswoti
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Melasma is an acquired hyper melanosis that becomes more pronounced after sun exposure. Centro facial which is the commonest pattern followed by Malar and Mandibular are three clinical patterns of Melasma. Genetic influences, exposure to UV radiation, pregnancy, hormonal therapies, contribute to the pathogenesis of melasma. Melasma may considerably have significant effect on quality of life of patients.

 

Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of melasma in quality of life (QoL) in the form of DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) and severity of melasma according to Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI).

 

Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional prospective study conducted in 193 Melasma patients in the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara from November 2018 to November 2019. MASI score was calculated and the patients were provided with a Nepali version of DLQI to fill up.

 

Results: This study included 193 patients. Mean age of patients with melasma was 29.4 ± 8.5 years with maximum reported age of 59 years. The Mean age of onset of disease was 26.5 years. The Mean age of onset of disease had little impact on DLQI. The mean DLQI score was 10.9 ± 5.9, thus indicating “very large effect on patient’s life”. The mean MASI score was 6.6 ± 5.2. It was found that there was no correlation between severity of disease and DLQI scores (p=0.317)

Conclusion: Melasma commonly affected females during second and third decades of life. It had a very large effect on patient’s life as assessed by DLQI.
Rare Solitary Naevus Lipomatosis Cutaneous Superficialis: Histopathology A Diagnostic Clue
Authors: Thapa Deeptara Pathak , Singh Moushami
Published: April 2021

We present a case of 45 year old female, presenting with a solitary, asymptomatic, pedunculated mass since childhood. The lesion was totally excised and was sent for histopathological evaluation and was found to be Naevus  lipomatosis cutaneous superficialis which is a rare form of hamartoma in which mature adipocytes are found in the dermis.
Cutaneous Manifestations in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Das Anil Kumar , Sharma Ramesh , Karn Ashish
Published: April 2021

Background:

The availability of potent immunosuppressants has paved the path towards decreased incidence of graft rejection and long term survival of the renal transplant recipients. But, with the increased life span of the patients and long term use of immunosuppressants, there has been an increase in various skin conditions; ranging from various infections to some life-threatening cutaneous malignancies.

Objectives:

This study was carried out to determine the pattern of different cutaneous manifestations in renal transplant recipients at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, to identify the infectious and non-infectious skin manifestations in these patients and their relation with the duration of transplantation.

Methodology:

The present study was a hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu; Department of Internal Medicine, Transplant Outpatient department and Outpatient department of Department of Dermatology from June 2013 to May 2014. A total of 114 renal transplant recipients were enrolled in the study.

Results:

A total of 114 renal transplant recipients with a mean age of 37.56±11.10 years were studied. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of combinations including tacrolimus, prednisolone,   mycophenolate mofetil/azathioprine along with supportive medications like antivirals, antibiotics and antihypertensives. Out of all those studied, 60 patients had a total of 61 cutaneous manifestations. The mean duration from date of transplantation to presentation to the transplant OPD for infectious dermatoses was 688.4 days (1.88 years) and for iatrogenic dermatoses was 67.5 days. The most common cutaneous manifestation was acne (41%) followed by fungal infections (27.9%) consisting of pityriasis versicolor (n=9), dermatophytosis (n=6) and candidiasis (n=2); viral infections (18%) consisting of verruca (n=4), herpes zoster (n=4) and herpes simplex (n=3); bacterial infections (4.9%) consisting of folliculitis (n=2) and erythema chronicum migrans (n=1). Gingival hyperplasia was observed in a single patient. Other cutaneous manifestations like seborrheic dermatitis and xerosis were also observed in 2 patients each during the study.

 

Conclusion:

Renal transplant recipients are susceptible to acquire various cutaneous manifestations as a result of long term immunosuppression and also due to adverse effects of the drugs used. This knowledge helps the transplant physicians for regular dermatologic screening of these patients for early diagnosis and treatment of the skin lesions.
Association Between Serum Uric Acid Level and Psoriasis: A Case Control Study
Authors: Sayami Aruna , Gupta Aatmaram , Gautam Narayan
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Psoriasis is a common, chronic, inflammatory and proliferative condition of the skin, associated with various disorders including metabolic syndrome. High serum uric acid levels are also associated with metabolic syndrome. Hyperuricemia is associated with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Objectives: To find out the association of serum uric acid with psoriasis.

Materials and Method:  It was a case-control study including 104 patients, among them 52 were psoriatic patients (case) and 52 had disease other than psoriasis (control) after matching for age and sex. The study was conducted at Department of Dermatology, Universal College of Medical Science, from January- December 2017. Clinical examination and proforma documentation including patient details, laboratory values of serum uric acid level, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score were studied.

Results:  Mean SUA in psoriasis patients was 4.70±1.37 mg/dl in female, 5.57±1.18 mg/dl in male whereas 4.85±0.74 mg/dl in female and 4.34 ± 0.98 mg/dl in male respectively in control group (p=0.002). Six (18.88%) male and three (15.78%) female patients with psoriasis had higher serum uric acid value whereas only four (3.84%) patient  had  higherserum uric acid  value in control group (p=0.012). There was association between serum uric acid and psoriasis.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that serum uric acid level is increased in psoriasis patients when compared with controls. Monitoring of psoriatic patients for high serum uric acid levels during treatment and follow up should be done to prevent the its deleterious effect on psoriasis.
Regulação do arrependimento por meio da redução do nível da meta: comparando Maximizadores e Satisficientes
Authors:   , Muniz Annaysa Salvador
Published: April 2021

Regret is an important emotion in the context of decision-making and has many implications for consumer behavior. Although regret can be an inevitable outcome, it is possible to deal with it through various regulatory strategies. This research investigates one of these strategies: the strategy of decreasing the goal level, with which regret is regulated from the reassessment of the negativity of a result. Three experimental studies find that the DGL strategy effectively works in regulating individuals' post-decisional regret. In addition, the observed effect is moderated by the maximizing tendency. When maximizers engaged in the strategy of decreasing the goal level, reevaluating their decision and recognizing positive alternative goals, they more successfully regulated their regrets. For satisficers, in contrast, who are by default more likely to adopt the “good enough” protective choice, engaging in such a strategy did not affect their regrets. In addition, the perception of valid effort was observed as na important mediator useful to explain such effects. These results contribute to the literature on regret by empirically testing DGL as an effective regret regulation strategy, showing mechanisms that can help individuals to effectively cope with regret
Comparação entre a PSE planejada pelo treinador com a percebida por jovens atletas de atletismo
Authors: Cruz Ramon , De Fretas Jefferson Verbena , Santos João Paulo Nogueira da Rocha , Castro Phelipe Henrique Cardoso , Siqueira Renato , Alves Danilo Leonel , De Lima Jorge Roberto Perrout
Published: April 2021

O sucesso do treinamento esportivo para jovens depende, também, de uma relação ótima entre a intensidade da sessão de treinamento prescrita pelo treinador e percebida pelo atleta, desta maneira, o objetivo do trabalho foi comparar a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) indicada por jovens atletas de atletismo com a planejada pelo treinador para sessão de treinamento. Participaram do estudo 28 voluntários, de ambos os sexos, atletas de atletismo com pelo menos seis meses de treinamento, com média de idade 14,0 ± 1,32 anos, massa corporal 52,4 ± 11,5 e estatura 162,7 ± 9,3 cm, e o treinador da equipe, que tinha seis anos de experiência. O treinador apresentou previamente a execução do treinamento a PSE planejada para cada atleta, e a PSE dos jovens foi coletada 30 minutos após o término de cada sessão. A PSE planejada pelo treinador foi diferente da indicada pelo atleta (3,6 ± 1,2 e 3,1 ± 1,54, respectivamente) e também nas três intensidades; leve 1,80 ± 0,41 e 2,92 ± 1,13, moderada 3,54 ± 0,72 e 4,19 ± 1,45 e forte 7,35 ± 1,33 e 4,46 ± 0,63, respectivamente. Os jovens participantes deste trabalho percebem valores distintos de PSE quando comparada com a planejada pelo treinador, sendo que, para as intensidades leve e moderada sua PSE é menor e para a intensidade pesada é maior do que a planejada. Preconiza-se que haja acompanhamento diário das intensidades percebidas pelos atletas de atletismo durante o treinamento e também comparação constante com o que é planejado pelo treinador.
CAPACIDADE EXPLICATIVA DOS COMPONENTES DA APTIDÃO FÍSICA PARA A PROFICIÊNCIA MOTORA E INTELIGÊNCIA CORPORAL-CINESTÉSICA EM ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Daronco Luciane Sanchotene Etchepare , Felden Érico Pereira Gomes , Teixeira Clarissa Stefani , Andrade Rubian Diego , Claumann Gaia Salvador , Pires Neto Cândido Simões
Published: April 2021

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a capacidade explicativa dos componentes da aptidão física (AF) para a proficiência motora (PM) e inteligência corporal-cinestésica (ICC) em adolescentes. Participaram 152 adolescentes, de 11 a 14 anos de idade, os quais foram avaliados por meio de três baterias de testes motores. A análise de regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para avaliar a capacidade explicativa dos componentes da AF. As razões de prevalências (RP) para baixa aptidão foram calculadas por meio da regressão de Poisson. As variáveis de AF tiveram maior poder explicativo para a PM (35% para as meninas e 48% para os meninos) e menor em relação à ICC (18% para os meninos e 15% paras as meninas). No cálculo das RP ajustadas por idade e sexo, verificou-se que jovens com baixo desempenho na resistência cardiorrespiratória apresentaram prevalências 1,16 maiores de baixo desempenho na avaliação da PM. Já para a agilidade e velocidade essas RP foram 1,14 e 1,06, respectivamente. As demais qualidades físicas não estiveram associadas ao baixo desempenho na PM e nenhuma associação entre AF e ICC foi observada. A resistência cardiorrespiratória, a agilidade e a velocidade foram as qualidades físicas mais associadas à PM. A ICC não esteve associada a uma melhor AF.
ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE ATLETISMO NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Frainer Deivis Elton Schlickmann , Abad Cesar Cavinato Cal , De-Oliveira Fernando Roberto , Pazin Jóris
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a produção científica brasileira sobre o Atletismo entre 1999 e 2013. Foram identificados 162 artigos, e selecionados 55 estudos que abordaram o Atletismo como temática principal do estudo. Destes, 43 artigos (78,2%) foram relacionados com a Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano e 12 (21,8%) com a Pedagogia do Movimento. Analisando os estudos selecionados (caraterização a posteriori das análises), 30,9% (17) correspondiam à pesquisas na área de fisiologia do exercício, 20% (11) a lesões no esporte, 10% (6) sobre biomecânica, 7,3% (4) a psicologia do esporte e 7,3% (4) a nutrição esportiva. As áreas com menos pesquisas foram o treinamento esportivo, a iniciação esportiva e a história/sociologia do esporte com 5,5% (3) cada uma. A pedagogia do esporte e do doping, ficaram com a menor proporção de estudos, sendo 3,6% (2) cada uma. Seis estudos não apresentavam uma única modalidade como foco central na investigação, outros 15 enfocaram corridas de fundo e meio-fundo, 8 em corridas de rua e maratonas, 7 em corridas de velocidade, 6 em atletismo paralímpico e, com menor percentual, as provas de salto horizontal, arremessos e lançamentos e o atletismo escolar que tiveram 1 estudo cada. Conclui-se que é importante considerar os critérios de avaliação dos cursos de Pós-Graduação adotados pela CAPES, pois no modo atual o sistema parece limitar a investigação na área da Pedagogia do Movimento. Necessita-se também qualificar a pesquisa sobre o Atletismo no Brasil e desenvolver pesquisas com melhor aporte metodológico (estudos longitudinais, de intervenção, de validação de métodos, de revisão de literatura e qualitativos) bem como melhorar a amostragem e diversificar as investigações em diferentes provas do Atletismo.
IMPACTO DA REALIDADE VIRTUAL NO EQUILÍBRIO E NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM INDIVÍDUOS COM LESÃO MEDULAR
Authors: Leão Carla Dourado , Barros Gésica Moreira , Santos Márcio Clementino de Souza , Oliveira Larissa Salgado de
Published: April 2021

O Traumatismo Raquimedular (TRM) é considerado como um acometimento da coluna vertebral em quaisquer dos seus componentes que dependendo do nível de lesão o indivíduo apresenta comprometimentos em sua funcionalidade e qualidade de vida. Entre os recursos fisioterapêuticos destaca-se a realidade virtual, visando aumentar o equilíbrio e amplitude de movimento, através da interação com o ambiente virtual que simula atividades esportivas e diárias em tempo real. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a influência da realidade virtual sobre o equilíbrio de tronco e qualidade de vida de indivíduos com lesão medular em nível torácico. Participaram do estudo três voluntários do gênero masculino com idade média de 33 ±3,4 anos e diagnóstico clínico de lesão medular em nível torácico, sendo avaliados antes e após tratamento o equilíbrio estático pelo teste de Romberg modificado e em sedestação com cronômetro e a qualidade de vida pelo Instrumento Abreviado de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde WHOQOL-BREF. Para o protocolo de tratamento utilizou-se o videogame XBOX 360® e jogos de Kinect, na postura ortostática por 20 minutos seguido da postura sentada por 20 minutos, com intervalo de 5 minutos entre as duas, totalizando 45 minutos em cada sessão, durante três vezes por semana, em 24 sessões. Verificou-se melhora de 31,3% e 127,4% no equilíbrio em sedestação e de 68,2% e 204,3% em ortostatismo de olhos abertos e fechados no pós-tratamento se comparados ao pré-tratamento respectivamente, assim como aumento de 1,9% na qualidade de vida pela WHOQOL-BREF no pós-tratamento em comparação ao pré-tratamento. Conclui-se que o protocolo de tratamento utilizado para o estudo se mostrou eficaz para o equilíbrio e qualidade de vida dos pacientes com TRM a nível torácico, permitindo maior segurança para realização das atividades nas posturas de sedestação e bipedestação refletindo positivamente na qualidade de vida.
IMPACTOS DO TREINAMENTO FUNCIONAL NO EQUILÍBRIO E FUNCIONALIDADE DE IDOSOS NÃO INSTITUCIONALIZADOS
Authors: Pereira Luanda Maria , Gomes Jéssica Costa , Bezerra Ilana Lafayette , De Oliveira Larissa Salgado , Santos Márcio Clementino
Published: April 2021

RESUMO: As perdas funcionais progressivas que a população idosa enfrenta com o avançar da idade, causam importantes déficits, que com o tempo se tornam mais significativos e no intuito de minimizá-los; o treinamento funcional tem proporcionado ganho de propriocepção, força, resistência, flexibilidade, coordenação motora e condicionamento cardiovascular. Assim como auxilia na obtenção de funcionalidade, contribuindo para a manutenção da independência e qualidade de vida. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência da aplicação de um protocolo de treinamento funcional sobre o equilíbrio e funcionalidade de idosos não institucionalizados. Selecionou-se vinte e um idosos não institucionalizados, com idade média de 69,04 ± 6,4 anos que foram avaliados pela Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, Escala de Equilíbrio e Marcha de Tinetti e Índex de Independência de Atividades de Vida Diária de Katz antes e após serem submetidos a um programa de treinamento funcional dividido em quatro fases que consistiram em aquecimento, exercícios de equilíbrio, fortalecimento muscular e alongamentos durante uma hora, com frequência de 3 vezes na semana, totalizando 24 sessões. Utilizou-se o teste de normalidade Shapiro-Wilk seguido do teste T student para análise das Escalas de Equilíbrio de Berg, Tinetti e funcionalidade pré e pós-treinamento (p?0,05). Observou-se melhora de 100% na avaliação do equilíbrio pela Escala de Berg, 85,71% e 77,77% na avaliação da Escala de Tinetti marcha e equilíbrio respectivamente, no pós-treinamento se comparados ao pré-treinamento (p0,05). Conclui-se que o protocolo de treinamento funcional utilizado no estudo foi eficaz na melhora do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico dos idosos, o que favorece a redução do risco de quedas e consequentemente a redução da inabilidade desta população.
OS INDICADORES DE CRESCIMENTO SOMÁTICO SÃO PREDITORES DAS CAPACIDADES FÍSICAS EM JOVENS FUTEBOLISTAS?
Authors: Menegassi Vanessa Menezes , Borges Paulo Henrique , Jaime Matheus De Oliveira , Magossi Marcos Aurélio de Oliveira , Silveira Luan Antônio Corá , Rinaldi Wilson
Published: April 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influência dos indicadores de crescimento somático sobre o desempenho das capacidades físicas em jovens futebolistas de nível regional. Fizeram parte do estudo 48 sujeitos (14,80±1,52 anos) participantes de um projeto de extensão de uma universidade paranaense. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas de massa corporal, estatura e altura tronco-cefálica para avaliar os indicadores de crescimento somático. A composição corporal foi mensurada a partir do método de espessura das dobras cutâneas, envolvendo as dobras tricipital e panturrilha. O Pico de Velocidade de Crescimento foi utilizado como indicador relativo do nível de maturidade somática. Os testes Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1, Counter-Movement Jump, Squat Jump, preensão manual, sentar-e-alcançar e abdominais foram realizados para avaliação do desempenho físico dos futebolistas. Para verificar as contribuições relativas dos indicadores de crescimento somático sobre as capacidades físicas, recorreu-se ao teste de Regressão Linear Múltipla (P
ATIVIDADE DE TREINADOR DE FUTEBOL NO BRASIL: OFÍCIO OU PROFISSÃO?
Authors: Bettanim Marcelo Rodella , Nunes Hudson Fabricius Peres , Silva Cláudio Silvério da , Drigo Alexandre Janotta
Published: April 2021

Resumo: O futebol ocupa lugar de destaque no cenário desportivo brasileiro. Baseado em informações científicas e legislativas, quais os requisitos para ocupar o cargo de treinador de futebol no Brasil? Ao considerar a problemática entre o modelo artesanal e o científico em relação à ambiguidade de formação nos perfis de treinadores de futebol, o ponto de vista apresenta como objetivo discutir acerca dos requisitos exigidos para atuar como treinador de futebol no Brasil e sua relação com a legislação e a formação profissional em Educação Física embasada na literatura científica. Do ponto de vista da Lei vigente sobre a profissão de treinador, observa-se que não há obrigatoriedade do treinador ser graduado em Educação Física, apenas indica a preferência. Enquanto que a literatura científica defende a utilização do conhecimento científico adquirido em cursos universitários para o melhor desempenho e concretização dos objetivos propostos por esses treinadores em sua prática cotidiana de trabalho. O não reconhecimento e a desvalorização do treinador de futebol pelos clubes e pela sociedade são procedentes da falta de consenso legislativo e da recente profissionalização da Educação Física. Em conclusão, sugerimos que o debate e as reflexões acerca deste assunto sejam aprofundados para que este impasse seja solucionado e favoreça os envolvidos neste processo: os treinadores, os atletas, o futebol e a Educação Física.

Palavras-chave: Educação Física; Treinador de Futebol; Formação Profissional; Conhecimento Científico.
A INTRODUÇÃO DO KARATE-DO SHOTOKAN NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: MEMÓRIAS DO SENSEI WATANABE
Authors: Aires Hannah , Ledur Josiana Ayala , Aires de los Santos Alfredo Fernando , Mazo Janice Zarpellon
Published: April 2021

Este estudo objetivou investigar como ocorreu a introdução do Karate-Do Shotokan no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio da reconstrução das memórias do sensei Luiz Tasuke Watanabe. Tendo como perspectiva teórico-metodológica a História Oral recuperou-se as memórias deste sensei, que foi um dos precursores do estilo Shotokan de Karate-Do no estado. Para tanto, foi gravada e transcrita uma entrevista com o sensei Watanabe. Além desta fonte oral, também foram analisadas fontes documentais, bem como, realizada a revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto. As análises empreendidas nas fontes acessadas revelaram que Watanabe, ainda criança, emigrou do Japão para o Brasil com sua família e teve sua iniciação no Karate-Do por intermédio de seu irmão, que havia sido praticante no Japão. A prática do Karate-Do intensificou-se quando prestou o serviço militar ao ser aluno do sensei Yasutaka Tanaka, que ministrava aulas no exército. Posteriormente, em 1970, a convite do professor Teruo Obata, Watanabe foi designado para dar aulas em Porto Alegre, onde atuou em diversas localidades, colaborando mais tarde para a criação do Departamento de Karate da Federação de Pugilismo do Rio Grande do Sul. Watanabe, na época, atuava como professor, mas também participou de competições. No ano de 1972, conquistou o primeiro lugar no Campeonato Mundial de Karate e alcançou destaque a nível nacional, contribuindo para a divulgação desta prática. Após uma década na cidade, em 1981, Watanabe partiu de Porto Alegre por designação do exército, retornando a cidade somente 30 anos depois para ministrar um curso.
FINANCIAMENTO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE ESPORTE E LAZER: UMA ANÁLISE DA GESTÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTARÉM/PA (2005-2012)
Authors: Grasso Rita Peloso , Isayama Hélder Ferreira
Published: April 2021

Analisar uma política pública em uma gestão governamental implica, necessariamente, uma apreciação da engenharia institucional, bem como dos traços constitutivos dos programas, projetos e ações formulados e implementados. Implica, sobretudo, descobrir o que os governos fazem, porque fazem e que diferença isso faz, porque a política pública pode influenciar a vida de todos, dado que os processos e resultados de políticas sempre envolvem vários grupos sociais. Nesse contexto, esse texto teve como objetivo descrever e analisar o financiamento das Políticas Públicas de Esporte e Lazer do Município de Santarém – PA, no período de 2005-2012. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de uma combinação de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Os documentos analisados foram: Relatórios e Planejamentos da Assessoria de Esporte e Lazer (AEL), revistas com as mensagens da ex-prefeita à Câmara Municipal, Leis Orçamentárias Anuais e o Plano Plurianual. O instrumento para a coleta de dados da pesquisa de campo foi a entrevista semiestruturada realizada com doze (12) gestores e os dados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Constatamos que o financiamento para o desenvolvimento das ações da AEL apresentou uma evolução e foi ampliado, mesmo não sendo considerado ideal, pelos os sujeitos da pesquisa. Identificamos que apesar de estudos demonstrarem maior investimento no esporte de alto rendimento, principalmente na esfera federal, o município analisado investiu um montante significativo de recurso nos esportes de participação e educacional. Por fim, foi possível identificar o montante investido pelo Ministério do Esporte por meio de programas e projetos sociais de esporte e lazer.
Spring-assisted minimally invasive repair of sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Governale Lance S. , Ching Jessica A.
Published: April 2021

Craniosynostosis surgery is intended to repair cranial deformity, reduce the risk of increased intracranial pressure from cephalocranial disproportion, and reduce the risk of developmental delays. In recent years, minimally invasive surgical techniques have been developed to achieve these goals with less tissue disruption, lower rates of transfusion, and shorter recovery time. The operation focuses on unlocking the fused bones, while reshaping relies on an adjunct, most commonly a postoperative cranial molding helmet. As an alternative to the care-intensive helmeting process, reshaping with implanted cranial expander springs has emerged. In this video, the authors demonstrate their technique for spring-assisted minimally invasive repair of sagittal craniosynostosis.

The video can be found here: https://vimeo.com/513923721
The 'Mallee-Made Man': Making Masculinity in the Mallee Lands of South Eastern Australia, 1890-1940
Authors: Holmes Katie
Published: April 2021

The southern Australian Mallee is a broad ecoregion comprising distinct landscapes, and the clearing and farming of these lands have presented specific challenges to generations of white settlers. Cultivation of this region was characterised as 'one of the most strenuous and resolute battles with Nature'. So began the shaping of an enduring mythology around the 'Mallee man'. In the context of the settler state, this mythology was forged through race, place and gender, with devastating environmental consequences. It has been consistently evoked to suggest that the specific environment of the Mallee worked to produce a special type of 'home grown' masculinity. At the same time, the State sought to provide a particular type of man to work the Mallee lands. This article examines the ways ideas about masculinity shaped men's engagement with the environment and the impact of government settlement schemes on both the myth and lives of Mallee men.
'It's Not a Reservoir; It's Valuable Agricultural Land': Controlled Use of Water and Deliberate Flooding in Lincolnshire
Authors: Rowling Jane
Published: April 2021

The Lincolnshire lowlands owe their existence to a long-term programme of formal and informal drainage, by which the landscape has been managed since the Roman period. The public bodies that have held responsibility for this drainage, namely the Commissions of Sewers followed by the Internal Drainage Boards (IDBs) from 1930, are often perceived as solely aiming to remove water from the land as quickly as possible. Recent water management planning in Lincolnshire has begun to explore the idea of water retention, but, as this article will show, this is not a new idea. Far from keeping water out at all costs, Lincolnshire's drained, farmed landscape is a porous one, which has benefited from a long history of deliberate, managed flooding and small-scale sacrifice of valuable agricultural land to water. This is a lacuna which exists in both the academic literature, and in the stories people involved in the drainage boards tell about themselves.
SPARC regulates ferroptosis induced by sorafenib in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hua Hong-Wei , Jiang Hao-Sheng , Jia Ling , Jia Yi-Ping , Yao Yu-Lan , Chen Yi-Wen , Jiang Feng , Lu Dong-Qing , Zhou Qing , Jiang Ma-Wei , Ding Gang
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is implicated in cancer progression, but its role and associated molecular mechanism in the sorafenib sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) remains elusive. METHODS: Human HCC cell lines Hep3B and HepG2 were treated with sorafenib alone or combined with activator or inhibitor of ferroptosis. Cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and western blot were used to study the regulatory mechanism of SPARC on HCC cells. RESULTS: Overexpression of SPARC enhanced the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib in Hep3B and HepG2 cells compared with parental cells. Depletion of SPARC decreased the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib in Hep3B and HepG2 cells compared with parental cells. Moreover, overexpression of SPARC significantly induced LDH release, whereas depletion of SPARC suppressed the release of LDH in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Inhibition of ferroptosis exerted a clear inhibitory role against LDH release, whereas activation of ferroptosis promoted the release of LDH in HCC cells, as accompanied with deregulated expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, overexpression of SPARC induced oxidative stress, whereas depletion of SPARC suppressed the production of ROS. Deferoxamine (DFX)-induced inhibition of ferroptosis suppressed the production of ROS, while activation of ferroptosis promoted the contents of ROS in HCC cells exposed to sorafenib. CONCLUSION: Our findings give a better understanding of ferroptosis and its molecular mechanism in HCC cells that is regulated by SPARC in response to sorafenib.
Evaluation of SAMP8 Mice as a Model for Sleep-Wake and Rhythm Disturbances Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease: Impact of Treatment with the Dual Orexin (Hypocretin) Receptor Antagonist Lemborexant
Authors: Beuckmann Carsten T. , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Musiek Erik S. , Ueno Takashi , Sato Toshitaka , Bando Masahiro , Osada Yoshihide , Moline Margaret
Published: April 2021

Background: Many patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) display circadian rhythm and sleep-wake disturbances. However, few mouse AD models exhibit these disturbances. Lemborexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, is under development for treating circadian rhythm disorders in dementia. Objective: Evaluation of senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice as a model for sleep-wake and rhythm disturbances in AD and the effect of lemborexant by assessing sleep-wake/diurnal rhythm behavior. Methods: SAMP8 and control senescence-accelerated mouse resistant-1 (SAMR1) mice received vehicle or lemborexant at light onset; plasma lemborexant and diurnal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin concentrations were assessed. Sleep-wake behavior and running wheel activity were evaluated. Results: Plasma lemborexant concentrations were similar between strains. The peak/nadir timing of CSF orexin concentrations were approximately opposite between strains. During lights-on, SAMP8 mice showed less non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) and REM sleep than SAMR1 mice. Lemborexant treatment normalized wakefulness/non-REM sleep in SAMP8 mice. During lights-off, lemborexant-treated SAMR1 mice showed increased non-REM sleep; lemborexant-treated SAMP8 mice displayed increased wakefulness. SAMP8 mice showed differences in electroencephalogram architecture versus SAMR1 mice. SAMP8 mice exhibited more running wheel activity during lights-on. Lemborexant treatment reduced activity during lights-on and increased activity in the latter half of lights-off, demonstrating a corrective effect on overall diurnal rhythm. Lemborexant delayed the acrophase of activity in both strains by approximately 1 hour. Conclusion: SAMP8 mice display several aspects of sleep-wake and rhythm disturbances in AD, notably mistimed activity. These findings provide some preclinical rationale for evaluating lemborexant in patients with AD who experience sleep-wake and rhythm disturbances.
An Effect of Education on Memory-Encoding Activation in Subjective Cognitive Decline
Authors: Mizuno Akiko , Karim Helmet T. , Ly Maria J. , Cohen Ann D. , Lopresti Brian J. , Mathis Chester A. , Klunk William E. , Aizenstein Howard J. , Snitz Beth E.
Published: April 2021

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early manifestation of pre-clinical Alzheimer’s disease. Elevated amyloid-β (Aβ) is a correlate of SCD symptoms in some individuals. The underlying neural correlates of SCD symptoms and their association with Aβ is unknown. SCD is a heterogeneous condition, and cognitive reserve may explain individual differences in its neural correlates. Objective: We investigated the association between brain activation during memory encoding and SCD symptoms, as well as with Aβ, among older individuals. We also tested the moderating role of education (an index of cognitive reserve) on the associations. Methods: We measured brain activation during the “face-name” memory-encoding fMRI task and Aβ deposition with Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB)-PET among cognitively normal older individuals (n = 63, mean age 73.1 ± 7.4 years). We tested associations between activation and SCD symptoms by self-report measures, Aβ, and interactions with education. Results: Activation was not directly associated with SCD symptoms or Aβ. However, education moderated the association between activation and SCD symptoms in the executive control network, salience network, and subcortical regions. Greater SCD symptoms were associated with greater activation in those with higher education, but with lower activation in those with lower education. Conclusion: SCD symptoms were associated with different patterns of brain activation in the extended memory system depending on level of cognitive reserve. Greater SCD symptoms may represent a saturation of neural compensation in individuals with greater cognitive reserve, while it may reflect diminishing neural resources in individuals with lower cognitive reserve.
A Tau-Driven Adverse Outcome Pathway Blueprint Toward Memory Loss in Sporadic (Late-Onset) Alzheimer’s Disease with Plausible Molecular Initiating Event Plug-Ins for Environmental Neurotoxicants
Authors: Tsamou Maria , Pistollato Francesca , Roggen Erwin L.
Published: April 2021

The worldwide prevalence of sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer’s disease (sAD) is dramatically increasing. Aging and genetics are important risk factors, but systemic and environmental factors contribute to this risk in a still poorly understood way. Within the frame of BioMed21, the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept for toxicology was recommended as a tool for enhancing human disease research and accelerating translation of data into human applications. Its potential to capture biological knowledge and to increase mechanistic understanding about human diseases has been substantiated since. In pursuit of the tau-cascade hypothesis, a tau-driven AOP blueprint toward the adverse outcome of memory loss is proposed. Sequences of key events and plausible key event relationships, triggered by the bidirectional relationship between brain cholesterol and glucose dysmetabolism, and contributing to memory loss are captured. To portray how environmental factors may contribute to sAD progression, information on chemicals and drugs, that experimentally or epidemiologically associate with the risk of AD and mechanistically link to sAD progression, are mapped on this AOP. The evidence suggests that chemicals may accelerate disease progression by plugging into sAD relevant processes. The proposed AOP is a simplified framework of key events and plausible key event relationships representing one specific aspect of sAD pathology, and an attempt to portray chemical interference. Other sAD-related AOPs (e.g., Aβ-driven AOP) and a better understanding of the impact of aging and genetic polymorphism are needed to further expand our mechanistic understanding of early AD pathology and the potential impact of environmental and systemic risk factors.
Early Start of Anti-Dementia Medication Delays Transition to 24-Hour Care in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: A Finnish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Halminen Olli , Vesikansa Aino , Mehtälä Juha , Hörhammer Iiris , Mikkola Teija , Virta Lauri J. , Ylisaukko-oja Tero , Linna Miika
Published: April 2021

Background: Dementia is one of the strongest predictors of admission to a 24-hour care facility among older people, and 24-hour care is the major cost of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of early start of anti-dementia medication and other predisposing factors with 2-year risk of transition to 24-hour care in the nationwide cohort of Finnish AD patients. Methods: This was a retrospective, non-interventional study based on individual-level data from Finnish national health and social care registers. The incident cohort included 7,454 AD patients (ICD-10, G30) comprised of two subgroups: those living unassisted at home (n = 5,002), and those receiving professional home care (n = 2,452). The primary outcome was admission to a 24-hour care facility. Exploratory variables were early versus late anti-dementia medication start, sociodemographic variables, care intensity level, and comorbidities. Results: Early anti-dementia medication reduced the risk of admission to 24-hour care both in patients living unassisted at home, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.58 (p < 0.001), and those receiving professional home care (HR, 0.84; p = 0.039). Being unmarried (HR, 1.69; p < 0.001), having an informal caregiver (HR, 1.69; p = 0.003), or having a diagnosis of additional neurological disorder (HR, 1.68; p = 0.006) or hip fracture (HR, 1.61; p = 0.004) were associated with higher risk of admission to 24-hour care in patients living unassisted at home. Conclusion: To support living at home, early start of anti-dementia medication should be a high priority in newly diagnosed AD patients.
Effects of Morning Blue-Green 500 nm Light Therapy on Cognition and Biomarkers in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Zhang Yige , Dong Li , Zheng Zihao , Zhong Dayong , Long Xunqin , Cai Qingyan , Jian Wei , Zhang Songge , Wu Wenbin , Yao Dezhong
Published: April 2021

Background: Given that there is no specific drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease, non-pharmacologic interventions in people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are one of the most important treatment strategies. Objective: To clarify the efficacy of blue-green (500 nm) light therapy on sleep, mood, and physiological parameters in patients with SCD and aMCI is an interesting avenue to explore. Methods: This is a monocentric, randomized, and controlled trial that will last for 4 weeks. We will recruit 150 individuals aged 45 years or older from memory clinics and divide them into 5 groups: SCD treatment (n = 30), SCD control (n = 30), aMCI treatment (n = 30), aMCI control (n = 30), and a group of healthy adult subjects (n = 30) as a normal control (NC). Results: The primary outcome is the change in subjective and objective cognitive performance between baseline and postintervention visits (4 weeks after baseline). Secondary outcomes include changes in performance assessing from baseline, postintervention to follow-up (3 months after the intervention), as well as sleep, mood, and physiological parameters (including blood, urine, electrophysiology, and neuroimaging biomarkers). Conclusion: This study aims to provide evidence of the impact of light therapy on subjective and objective cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults with SCD or aMCI. In addition, we will identify possible neurophysiological mechanisms of action underlying light therapy. Overall, this trial will contribute to the establishment of light therapy in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.
Hispanic Perspectives on Parkinson’s Disease Care and Research Participation
Authors: Damron Lisa , Litvan Irene , Bayram Ece , Berk Sarah , Siddiqi Bernadette , Shill Holly
Published: April 2021

Background: Hispanics are under-represented in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research despite the importance of diversity for results to apply to a wide range of patients. Objective: To investigate the perspective of Hispanic persons with Parkinson disease (PWP) regarding awareness, interest, and barriers to participation in research. Methods: We developed and administered a survey and qualitative interview in English and Spanish. For the survey, 62 Hispanic and 38 non-Hispanic PWP linked to a tertiary center were recruited in Arizona. For interviews, 20 Hispanic PWP, 20 caregivers, and six physicians providing service to Hispanic PWP in the community were recruited in California. Survey responses of Hispanic and non-Hispanic PWP were compared. Major survey themes were identified by applying grounded theory and open coding. Results: The survey found roughly half (Q1 54%, Q2 55%) of Hispanic PWP linked to a tertiary center knew about research; there was unawareness among community Hispanic PWP. Most preferred having physician recommendations for research participation and were willing to participate. Hispanics preferred teams who speak their native language and include family. Research engagement, PD knowledge, role of family, living with PD, PD care, pre-diagnosis/diagnosis emerged as themes from the interview. Conclusion: Barriers exist for participation of Hispanic PWP in research, primarily lack of awareness of PD research opportunities. Educating physicians of the need to encourage research participation of Hispanic PWP can address this. Physicians need to be aware of ongoing research and should not assume PWP disinterest. Including family members and providing research opportunities in their native language can increase research recruitment.
Physicians Treating Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Should Be Aware that Televised Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Links More Strongly to Drug Utilization in Older Patients
Authors: Feldman Robin
Published: April 2021

Background: US direct-to-consumer advertising spending for medicine has soared in recent decades. Advertising has been shown to impact drug utilization. Most Alzheimer’s disease patients are above age 65 and may take a range of prescription medications for various disease states. Objective: To investigate how direct-to-consumer advertising is associated with the drug utilization of patients ≥65 years old. Methods: Using advertising expenditure data and Medicare Part D drug purchase claims, we performed regression analyses for each of the highest-spending drugs and age group, with cumulative monthly spending as the predictor variable and drug utilization as the response variable. For each drug, we ran a second set of regression analyses to determine if the spending-utilization correlation showed a significant difference between the two patient age groups (older than 65, younger than 65). Results: For all 14 drugs in our study, advertising spending is positively correlated with utilization (p < 0.01) in both age groups. For seven of the 14 drugs studied, the difference in the utilization of patients older than 65 and the utilization of patients younger than 65 is statistically significant at a p < 0.01 level. The 65-and-older age bracket exhibits significantly greater utilization for all seven of these drugs. Conclusion: We find televised advertising for certain drugs to be associated with significantly stronger drug utilization among seniors, as compared to younger patients. Alzheimer’s disease physicians should be aware of this result, in light of the medications that patients may take for other disease states, particularly mood and mental health medications.
Energy time series forecasting-analytical and empirical assessment of conventional and machine learning models
Authors: Hamdoun Hala , Sagheer Alaa , Youness Hassan
Published: April 2021

Machine learning methods have been adopted in the literature as contenders to conventional methods to solve the energy time series forecasting (TSF) problems. Recently, deep learning methods have been emerged in the artificial intelligence field attaining astonishing performance in a wide range of applications. Yet, the evidence about their performance in to solve the energy TSF problems, in terms of accuracy and computational requirements, is scanty. Most of the review articles that handle the energy TSF problem are systematic reviews, however, a qualitative and quantitative study for the energy TSF problem is not yet available in the literature. The purpose of this paper is twofold, first it provides a comprehensive analytical assessment for conventional, machine learning, and deep learning methods that can be utilized to solve various energy TSF problems. Second, the paper carries out an empirical assessment for many selected methods through three real-world datasets. These datasets related to electrical energy consumption problem, natural gas problem, and electric power consumption of an individual household problem. The first two problems are univariate TSF and the third problem is a multivariate TSF. Compared to both conventional and machine learning contenders, the deep learning methods attain a significant improvement in terms of accuracy and forecasting horizons examined. In the meantime, their computational requirements are notably greater than other contenders. Eventually, the paper identifies a number of challenges, potential research directions, and recommendations to the research community may serve as a basis for further research in the energy forecasting domain.
Multigranulation roughness based on soft relations
Authors: Shabir Muhammad , Din Jamalud , Ganie Irfan Ahmad
Published: April 2021

The original rough set model, developed by Pawlak depends on a single equivalence relation. Qian et al, extended this model and defined multigranulation rough sets by using finite number of equivalence relations. This model provide new direction to the research. Recently, Shabir et al. proposed a rough set model which depends on a soft relation from an universe V to an universe W . In this paper we are present multigranulation roughness based on soft relations. Firstly we approximate a non-empty subset with respect to aftersets and foresets of finite number of soft binary relations. In this way we get two sets of soft sets called the lower approximation and upper approximation with respect to aftersets and with respect to foresets. Then we investigate some properties of lower and upper approximations of the new multigranulation rough set model. It can be found that the Pawlak rough set model, Qian et al. multigranulation rough set model, Shabir et al. rough set model are special cases of this new multigranulation rough set model. Finally, we added two examples to illustrate this multigranulation rough set model.