bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong Faraday rotation in a topological insulator single layer using dielectric multilayered structures
Authors: Ghasempour Ardakani Abbas , Zare Zahra
Published: July 2021

Topological insulators act as axionic materials in the presence of an external magnetic field or ferromagnetic dopants. We use a single topological insulator layer as a defect in a periodic multilayered structure to enhance the Faraday rotation. By adjusting the structure parameters, a Faraday rotation of 709 mrad is obtained at the defect mode. The transmission in wavelength with extreme values of Faraday rotation is higher than 95%. The high transmission and giant Faraday rotation result from the electromagnetic field localization at the topological insulator defect layer and strong interaction at the interfaces of the defect layer owing to the excitation of the defect mode. It was previously shown that multilayered structures consisting of eight alternating topological insulator layers demonstrated a Faraday rotation of 232 mrad with transmission of 94% [Phys. Rev. A 94, 033816 (2016)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.94.033816]. Therefore, the structure proposed here is an ideal system to observe strong Faraday rotation with high transmission in a single topological insulator layer. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters such as incident angle, thickness of the topological insulator defect layer, thickness of the dielectric layers, and number of unit cells on the Faraday rotation peak and its transmission are investigated.
Highly reflective visible color filter based on a double layer TiO2 subwavelength structure
Authors: Takashima Yuusuke , Haraguchi Masanobu , Naoi Yoshiki
Published: July 2021

Color filters based on all-dielectric subwavelength structures (SWSs) allow precise control of the coloration during production. However, SWS manufacturing typically requires complex processes, such as lift-off or etching. Here, highly reflective color filters manufactured without lift-off and etching techniques were experimentally demonstrated using a double-layer high-contrast all-dielectric SWS. The SWSs were fabricated on optical glass substrates using electron beam lithography and evaporation. Visible reflection spectra were controlled by adjusting structural parameters. Red, green, and blue colorations were experimentally demonstrated with 57%, 63%, and 72% reflectivities, respectively. High reflectivity, manufacturing throughput and level of control of the manufactured filter color make them suitable for imaging, display, and sensing applications.
Elevated plasma levels of NT-proBNP in ambulatory patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Alsuwailem Bader , Zamzam Abdelrahman , Syed Muzammil H. , Greco Elisa , Wheatcroft Mark , de Mestral Charles , Al-Omran Mohammed , Harlock John , Eikelboom John , Singh Krishna K. , Abdin Rawand , Qadura Mohammad
Published: July 2021

N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a cardiac disease biomarker, has been demonstrated to be a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events in patients without heart failure. Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are at high risk of cardiovascular events and death. In this study, we investigated levels of NT-proBNP in patients with PAD compared to non-PAD controls. A total of 355 patients were recruited from outpatient clinics at a tertiary care hospital network. Plasma NT-proBNP levels were quantified using protein multiplex. There were 279 patients with both clinical and diagnostic features of PAD and 76 control patients without PAD (non-PAD cohort). Compared with non-PAD patients, median (IQR) NT-proBNP levels in PAD patients were significantly higher (225 ng/L (120–363) vs 285 ng/L (188–425), p- value = 0.001, respectively). Regression analysis demonstrated that NT-proBNP remained significantly higher in patients with PAD relative to non-PAD despite adjusting for age, sex, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and hypertension [odds ratio = 1.28 (1.07–1.54), p-value <0.05]. Subgroup analysis showed elevated NT-proBNP levels in patients with PAD regardless of prior history of CHF, CAD, diabetes and hypercholesteremia (p-value <0.05). Finally, spearmen’s correlation analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between NT-proBNP and ABI (ρ = -0.242; p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, our data shows that patients with PAD in an ambulatory care setting have elevated levels of NT-proBNP compared to non-PAD patients in the absence of cardiac symptoms.
TeamTree analysis: A new approach to evaluate scientific production
Authors: Pfrieger Frank W.
Published: July 2021

Advances in science and technology depend on the work of research teams and the publication of results through peer-reviewed articles representing a growing socio-economic resource. Current methods to mine the scientific literature regarding a field of interest focus on content, but the workforce credited by authorship remains largely unexplored. Notably, appropriate measures of scientific production are debated. Here, a new bibliometric approach named TeamTree analysis is introduced that visualizes the development and composition of the workforce driving a field. A new citation-independent measure that scales with the H index estimates impact based on publication record, genealogical ties and collaborative connections. This author-centered approach complements existing tools to mine the scientific literature and to evaluate research across disciplines.
PHOTONAI—A Python API for rapid machine learning model development
Authors: Leenings Ramona , Winter Nils Ralf , Plagwitz Lucas , Holstein Vincent , Ernsting Jan , Sarink Kelvin , Fisch Lukas , Steenweg Jakob , Kleine-Vennekate Leon , Gebker Julian , Emden Daniel , Grotegerd Dominik , Opel Nils , Risse Benjamin , Jiang Xiaoyi , Dannlowski Udo , Hahn Tim
Published: July 2021

PHOTONAI is a high-level Python API designed to simplify and accelerate machine learning model development. It functions as a unifying framework allowing the user to easily access and combine algorithms from different toolboxes into custom algorithm sequences. It is especially designed to support the iterative model development process and automates the repetitive training, hyperparameter optimization and evaluation tasks. Importantly, the workflow ensures unbiased performance estimates while still allowing the user to fully customize the machine learning analysis. PHOTONAI extends existing solutions with a novel pipeline implementation supporting more complex data streams, feature combinations, and algorithm selection. Metrics and results can be conveniently visualized using the PHOTONAI Explorer and predictive models are shareable in a standardized format for further external validation or application. A growing add-on ecosystem allows researchers to offer data modality specific algorithms to the community and enhance machine learning in the areas of the life sciences. Its practical utility is demonstrated on an exemplary medical machine learning problem, achieving a state-of-the-art solution in few lines of code. Source code is publicly available on Github, while examples and documentation can be found at www.photon-ai.com.
Automatic cell counting from stimulated Raman imaging using deep learning
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Yun Kyung Keun , Wang Hao , Yoon Sang Won , Lu Fake , Won Daehan
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we propose an automatic cell counting framework for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) images, which can assist tumor tissue characteristic analysis, cancer diagnosis, and surgery planning processes. SRS microscopy has promoted tumor diagnosis and surgery by mapping lipids and proteins from fresh specimens and conducting a fast disclose of fundamental diagnostic hallmarks of tumors with a high resolution. However, cell counting from label-free SRS images has been challenging due to the limited contrast of cells and tissue, along with the heterogeneity of tissue morphology and biochemical compositions. To this end, a deep learning-based cell counting scheme is proposed by modifying and applying U-Net, an effective medical image semantic segmentation model that uses a small number of training samples. The distance transform and watershed segmentation algorithms are also implemented to yield the cell instance segmentation and cell counting results. By performing cell counting on SRS images of real human brain tumor specimens, promising cell counting results are obtained with > 98% of area under the curve (AUC) andR= 0.97 in terms of cell counting correlation between SRS and histological images with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The proposed cell counting scheme illustrates the possibility and potential of performing cell counting automatically in near real time and encourages the study of applying deep learning techniques in biomedical and pathological image analyses.
The effect of temperature on host patch exploitation by an egg parasitoid
Authors: Augustin Julie , Boivin Guy , Bourgeois Gaétan , Brodeur Jacques
Published: July 2021

The effect of temperature during host patch exploitation by parasitoids remains poorly understood, despite its importance on female reproductive success. Under laboratory conditions, we explored the behaviour ofAnaphes listronoti, an egg parasitoid of the carrot weevil,Listronotus oregonensis, when foraging on a host patch at five temperatures. Temperature had a strong effect on the female tendency to exploit the patch:A.listronotifemales parasitized more eggs at intermediate temperature (20 to 30°C) compared to those foraging at the extreme of the range (15.9°C and 32.8°C). However, there was no difference in offspring sex-ratio and clutch size between temperature treatments. Mechanisms of host acceptance within a patch differed between temperatures, especially at 32.8°C where females used ovipositor insertion rather than antennal contact to assess whether a host was already parasitized or not, suggesting that host handling and chemical cues detection were probably constrained at high temperature. Females spent less time on the host patch with increasing temperatures, but temperature had no effect on patch-leaving rules. Our results show that foragingA.listronotifemales behave better than expected at sub-optimal temperatures, but worse than expected at supra-optimal temperatures. This could impair parasitoid performance under ongoing climate change.
Simple benchmarking method for determining the accuracy of depth cameras in body landmark location estimation: Static upright posture as a measurement example
Authors: Liu Pin-Ling , Chang Chien-Chi , Lin Jia-Hua , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2021

To evaluate the postures in ergonomics applications, studies have proposed the use of low-cost, marker-less, and portable depth camera-based motion tracking systems (DCMTSs) as a potential alternative to conventional marker-based motion tracking systems (MMTSs). However, a simple but systematic method for examining the estimation errors of various DCMTSs is lacking. This paper proposes a benchmarking method for assessing the estimation accuracy of depth cameras for full-body landmark location estimation. A novel alignment board was fabricated to align the coordinate systems of the DCMTSs and MMTSs. The data from an MMTS were used as a reference to quantify the error of using a DCMTS to identify target locations in a 3-D space. To demonstrate the proposed method, the full-body landmark location tracking errors were evaluated for a static upright posture using two different DCMTSs. For each landmark, we compared each DCMTS (Kinect system and RealSense system) with an MMTS by calculating the Euclidean distances between symmetrical landmarks. The evaluation trials were performed twice. The agreement between the tracking errors of the two evaluation trials was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively assess the tracking performance of DCMTSs. The average errors (standard deviation) for the Kinect system and RealSense system were 2.80 (1.03) cm and 5.14 (1.49) cm, respectively. The highest average error values were observed in the depth orientation for both DCMTSs. The proposed method achieved high reliability with ICCs of 0.97 and 0.92 for the Kinect system and RealSense system, respectively.
BCR activated CLL B cells use both CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) for adhesion while CR4 has a dominant role in migration towards SDF-1
Authors: Nagy-Baló Zsuzsa , Kiss Richárd , Demeter Judit , Bödör Csaba , Bajtay Zsuzsa , Erdei Anna
Published: July 2021

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia in the western world. In previous studies, various proportion of patients was found to carry CD11b+ or CD11c+ B cells whose presence was an unfavourable prognostic factor. The exact mechanism however, how these receptors contribute to the pathogenesis of CLL has not been revealed so far. Here we analysed the role of CD11b and CD11c on B cells of CLL patients in the adhesion to fibrinogen and in the migration towards stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and studied the role of CR4 in the adherence of the CD11c+ B cell line BJAB. We observed that both CR3 and CR4 mediate adhesion of the malignant B cells. Moreover, we found, that CR4 was strongly involved in the migration of the leukemic cells towards the chemoattractant SDF-1. Our data suggest that CR3 and CR4 are not only passive markers on CLL B cells, but they might contribute to the progression of the disease. Since the role of SDF-1 is prominent in the migration of CLL cells into the bone marrow where their survival is supported, our findings help to understand how the presence of CD11c on leukemic B cells can worsen the prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
Relevant factors of self-care in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Kusumoto Yasuaki , Takaki Kenji , Matsuda Tadamitsu , Nitta Osamu
Published: July 2021

Objective

Manual ability is considered one of the factors that can predict functional independence in activities of daily living. For evaluating personal tasks such as self-care, the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) comprises/introduces/offers a set of useful measures that assist in enhancing the capability for self-care among children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to investigate the relevant factors of self-care capability and performance in children and adolescents with spastic CP.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. Seventy-six children and adolescents with spastic CP (between 5 and 18 years of age), representing levels I to IV of the Gross Motor Function Classification System-Expanded & Revised version (GMFCS), were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis with forward stepwise selection was conducted to examine which determinants were related to self-care capability and performance. Independent variables were age, CP type, GMFCS, Manual Ability Classification System, Box and Block Test, and grip strength in the dominant and non-dominant hands. Dependent variables were scores for the PEDI Functional Skills Scale and the PEDI Caregiver Assistance Scale.

Results

Results of the multiple regression analysis showed that the PEDI Functional Skills scale scores were correlated with the Box and Block Test in the dominant hand and GMFCS (Adjusted R2 = 0.69). The PEDI Caregiver Assistance Scale scores were correlated with the Box and Block Test in the dominant hand, GMFCS, and age (adjusted R2 = 0.71).

Conclusion

When considering self-care of children and adolescents with spastic CP, it is necessary to consider the evaluation of upper limb dysfunction in addition to GMFCS.
On-farm evaluation of growth and reproductive performances of Washera and Gumuz sheep in northwestern Ethiopia: Basics for setting up breeding objectives/goals
Authors: Asmare Sisay , Alemayehu Kefyalew , Abegaz Solomon , Haile Aynalem
Published: July 2021

Growth and reproductive performance traits are traits of economic importance for sheep selection and productivity improvement interventions. This study aimed at comparative evaluation of growth and reproductive performance traits of sheep in the highland and lowland agro-ecologies of northwestern Ethiopia. Data on growth performance traits were collected from 144 Washera (78 males and 66 females) lambs and 72 Gumuz (37 males and 35 females) lambs. Data on reproductive performance traits were collected from 260 Washera (130 rams and 130 ewes) sheep and 150 Gumuz (75 rams and 75 ewes) sheep. General linear model univariate procedure was employed to analyze the collected data. Breed, the interaction effect between breed and season of birth as well as the interaction effect between breed and type of birth all exerted very high significant effect (P<0.001) on live weight at all age groups. Breed type affected pre-weaning average daily weight gain significantly (P<0.01). Pre-weaning average daily weight gain of Washera (70 g/day) was found much better performance than 60 g/day of Gumuz. Breed type exerts significant (P<0.05) effect on age at first lambing, lambing interval, annual reproductive rate and number of lambs born per ewe life time. Average age at first lambing and lambing interval of Washera sheep were 11.69 months and 9.27 months, respectively. The corresponding values for Gumuz sheep were 12.51 months and 10.43 months, respectively. Production and reproduction performance values of traits varied across the two breeds and sexes as well. These values can be used to set up breeding objectives or goals for selective breeding of sheep giving special emphasis to growth traits believed to have medium heritability values.
The trade-off between design fixation and quality: Physical objects or multiperspective pictures?
Authors: Shen Danni , Yao Xuelin , Bao Defu
Published: July 2021

Physical objects and their pictures are two main kinds of design stimuli of creative activity, which can improve design quality but may induce design fixation. Previous studies are focused on the case where participants face a single picture, and their design stimulus may be incomplete as compared with the participants facing objects. To fully explore the influence of physical and pictorial examples on design novices, we investigated design fixation and design quality when they were provided with multiperspective pictures having information remarkably similar to physical objects. Specifically, two novice groups individually created their own designs after observing several examples by the way of the above two presentation modes. These designs were evaluated by two evaluators in terms of similarity, originality, and completeness. Statistical analysis showed that no significant difference was found in similarity and originality between the two groups, whereas the designs of the physical group outperformed those of the pictorial group in terms of completeness. This finding indicated that the two groups showed the same degree of design fixation, as multiperspective pictures presented most of the form information of the physical object. The results suggest that when instructing design novices, it is essential to control how to present design examples at different stages of the design process.
Factors associated with caring behaviors of family caregivers for patients receiving home mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Hyang Sook , Lee Chung Eun , Yang Yong Sook
Published: July 2021

Background

The number of patients on home mechanical ventilation (HMV) worldwide has been steadily rising as medical technological advanced. To ensure the safety and quality care of the patients receiving HMV with tracheostomy, caring behavior of family caregivers is critical. However, studies on caring behavior of family caregivers and its associated factors were remained unexplored. This study aimed to describe the caring behaviors of family caregivers for patients receiving home mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy and to identify factors associated with their caring behaviors.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study for 95 family caregivers for patients with invasive home mechanical ventilation in South Korea. Caring behaviors were assessed by the Caring Behavior Scale with 74 items with 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Results

Caring behaviors score of caregivers was 304.68±31.05 out of 370. They were significantly associated with knowledge on emergency care (β = 0.22, p = .011), number of required instruments for care (β = 0.21, p = .010), frequency of home visit care (β = 0.19, p = .017), experience of emergency situation for the last six months (β = 0.19, p = .009) and activities of daily living of patient (β = 0.27, p = .002).

Conclusion

Development of standardized multidisciplinary discharge education for improving the caring capacity of caregivers is required for successful and healthy application of home mechanical ventilation.
Predictors of COVID-19 in an outpatient fever clinic
Authors: Trübner Frank , Steigert Lisa , Echterdiek Fabian , Jung Norma , Schmidt-Hellerau Kirsten , Zoller Wolfram G. , Frick Julia-Stefanie , Feng You-Shan , Paul Gregor
Published: July 2021

Background

The objective of this study was to identify clinical risk factors for COVID-19 in a German outpatient fever clinic that allow distinction of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients from other patients with flu-like symptoms.

Methods

This is a retrospective, single-centre cohort study. Patients were included visiting the fever clinic from 4th of April 2020 to 15th of May 2020. Symptoms, comorbidities, and socio-demographic factors were recorded in a standardized fashion. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of COVID-19, on the bases of those a model discrimination was assessed using area under the receiver operation curves (AUROC).

Results

The final analysis included 930 patients, of which 74 (8%) had COVID-19. Anosmia (OR 10.71; CI 6.07–18.9) and ageusia (OR 9.3; CI 5.36–16.12) were strongly associated with COVID-19. High-risk exposure (OR 12.20; CI 6.80–21.90), especially in the same household (OR 4.14; CI 1.28–13.33), was also correlated; the more household members, especially with flu-like symptoms, the higher the risk of COVID-19. Working in an essential workplace was also associated with COVID-19 (OR 2.35; CI 1.40–3.96), whereas smoking was inversely correlated (OR 0.19; CI 0.08–0.44). A model that considered risk factors like anosmia, ageusia, concomitant of symptomatic household members and smoking well discriminated COVID-19 patients from other patients with flu-like symptoms (AUROC 0.84).

Conclusions

We report a set of four readily available clinical parameters that allow the identification of high-risk individuals of COVID-19. Our study will not replace molecular testing but will help guide containment efforts while waiting for test results.
Coronary artery calcification on low-dose chest CT is an early predictor of severe progression of COVID-19—A multi-center, multi-vendor study
Authors: Fervers Philipp , Kottlors Jonathan , Große Hokamp Nils , Bremm Johannes , Maintz David , Tritt Stephanie , Safarov Orkhan , Persigehl Thorsten , Vollmar Nils , Bansmann Paul Martin , Abdullayev Nuran
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Cardiovascular comorbidity anticipates severe progression of COVID-19 and becomes evident by coronary artery calcification (CAC) on low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT). The purpose of this study was to predict a patient’s obligation of intensive care treatment by evaluating the coronary calcium burden on the initial diagnostic LDCT.

Methods

Eighty-nine consecutive patients with parallel LDCT and positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were included from three centers. The primary endpoint was admission to ICU, tracheal intubation, or death in the 22-day follow-up period. CAC burden was represented by the Agatston score. Multivariate logistic regression was modeled for prediction of the primary endpoint by the independent variables “Agatston score > 0”, as well as the CT lung involvement score, patient sex, age, clinical predictors of severe COVID-19 progression (history of hypertension, diabetes, prior cardiovascular event, active smoking, or hyperlipidemia), and laboratory parameters (creatinine, C-reactive protein, leucocyte, as well as thrombocyte counts, relative lymphocyte count, d-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase levels).

Results

After excluding multicollinearity, “Agatston score >0” was an independent regressor within multivariate analysis for prediction of the primary endpoint (p<0.01). Further independent regressors were creatinine (p = 0.02) and leucocyte count (p = 0.04). The Agatston score was significantly higher for COVID-19 cases which completed the primary endpoint (64.2 [interquartile range 1.7–409.4] vs. 0 [interquartile range 0–0]).

Conclusion

CAC scoring on LDCT might help to predict future obligation of intensive care treatment at the day of patient admission to the hospital.
Distinguishing the binary of news – fake and real: The illusory truth effect
Authors: Wu Yanfang
Published: July 2021

This study seeks to uncover the effects of source and repetition on the illusory truth effect and the dissemination of fake news on social media with an online experiment. This study found that in a personalized source system where trustworthy traditional news sources and personal contacts converged on social media, repetition has a big influence on the trustworthiness of news source and balance of news story. Although most people intend to share real news stories with balance, the illusory truth effect causes mis-judgement, which makes fake news more likely to go viral than real news. The multi-group SEM analysis of the two groups – without source and with source – showed that readers in the no source group rated the effect of repetition on news evaluation as more significant than the with source group. The findings suggest that the effect of source has diminished in the evaluation of news quality. However, sharers on social media are becoming more influential.
Paradigm reinforcing: The assimilation of data journalism in the United Kingdom
Authors: Tong Jingrong
Published: July 2021

A journalistic paradigm defines what journalism is, and what journalists should do, in relation to reporting news. Drawing from desk research and in-depth interviews with eighteen data journalists and experts in the United Kingdom, this article discusses the recent development and practices of data journalism in the United Kingdom and their implications for the journalistic paradigm, which involves the substantial use of interviewing. Embracing the opportunities provided by the datafication of society and the British government's open data initiative, UK news organizations have institutionalized and incorporated data journalism into their organizational structure. However, difficulties in practice have emerged, resulting from new, mostly ethically grounded issues surrounding data. Traditional journalistic practices, in particular interviewing and cross-checking, provide a useful, practical guide to solving related problems. The institutionalization of data journalism, as well as traditional journalistic methods and skills coming as a solution, assimilate data journalism into conventional journalistic practices, reinforcing – rather than undermining – the journalistic paradigm.
Is Snapchat Discover really a news platform? News snacking from social media and users’ knowledge of current affairs
Authors: Lee Jayeon
Published: July 2021

The role of the media in informing the public has long been a central topic in journalism studies. Given that social media platforms have become today’s major source of news, it is important to understand the impact of social media use on citizens’ knowledge of current affairs. While people get news from multiple platforms throughout the day, most research treats social media as a single entity or examines only one or two major platforms ignoring newer social media platforms. Drawing on news snacking framework, this study investigates how using some of today’s most popular social media platforms predicts users’ current affairs knowledge, with particular attention to Snapchat and its news section Discover. A survey conducted in the United States (N=417) demonstrated that each of the platforms is distinct: Twitter is a strongly positive predictor of knowledge, Facebook a marginally significant negative predictor, Reddit a significantly negative predictor and Instagram not a significant predictor. Overall Snapchat use has no significant association with users’ knowledge of current affairs, whereas Discover use has a negative relationship. Further analysis revealed that mere exposure to Snapchat is positively related to soft-news knowledge and attention to Discover is negatively related to hard-news knowledge.
Nuevas tecnologías y formación permanente del profesorado de educación de adultos
Authors: García Del Dujo Ángel , Martín García Antonio Víctor , Pérez Grande María Dolores
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo se presenta un caso concreto de aplicación y utilización de las Nuevas Tecnologías para la formación permanente de profesores de educación de personas adultas. Los autores, después de aludir a los supuestos científicos que fundamentan el programa, exponen las razones por las que se aplica a los profesionales de la educación de adultos; a continuación realizan una presentación del diseño, estructura y funcionamiento del programa, que no se concibe como un curso temático con principio y fin sino como una red de formación que promueve la reflexión conjunta sobre situaciones y acciones educativas reales y específicas que llevan a cabo los profesionales de educación de adultos. Los autores resaltan la colaboración entre investigadores y profesionales de regiones y países diferentes así como el incremento del nivel de metacognición del profesional de educación de adultos sobre sus propios procesos de actuación y de formación.
Espacios virtuales universitarios
Authors: García Joaquín , Ferrer Ferrán , Mompó Rafael , Naya Luis M.
Published: July 2021

El artículo pretende poner de manifiesto que la raíz de las transformaciones en las acciones de formación, dentro de la Sociedad del Conocimiento, se debe a la introducción de un nuevo soporte en las comunicaciones. Ese soporte, como en las culturas de oralidad, o en las culturas lectoescritoras, proporciona nuevos espacios para el diseño de acciones de formación. Si la contraposición objeto-sujeto lleva consigo la correspondiente realidad-texto, la palabra permite textos sobre la realidad, al igual que la escritura. Las TIC crean posibilidades textuales renovadas que se añaden a las disponibles en la cultura. Se crean nuevos espacios integradores para las acciones de formación. Los autores hacen especial referencia a los niveles de Educación Superior.
Videojuegos y educación
Authors: Etxeberria Balerdi Felix
Published: July 2021

Existe una gran preocupación con el tema de los videojuegos, tanto entre los educadores, investigadores, psicólogos, padres y otros profesionales, respecto de la posible influencia nociva en el desarrollo de los niños y adolescentes.El autor examina algunas de las claves sociológicas, pedagógicas y psicológicas que explican el extraordinario éxito de los videojuegos. Tras analizar más de 260 estudios e investigaciones sobre el tema, llega a la conclusión de que los videojuegos tienen algunos efectos negativos en lo que respecta a las actitudes violentas y el sexismo, pero también tienen una influencia positiva en el uso educativo y terapéutico y en el desarrollo de diversas habilidades de todo tipo. Las posibilidades educativas de los videojuegos son muy extensas y el supuesto efecto patológico sobre la personalidad del jugador no ha sido demostrado.
La integración de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la escuela. Factores relevantes
Authors: Gargallo López Bernardo , Suárez Rodríguez Jesús
Published: July 2021

Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han construido un nuevo contexto: la sociedad de la información, en la que la escuela sufrirá necesariamente cambios importantes. La integración de estas nuevas tecnologías en la educación será adecuada si se realiza desde una perspectiva pedagógica activa y constructiva. En esa dinámica hay una serie de factores muy importantes para una integración eficaz: el apoyo institucional y el desarrollo de políticas pertinentes, lo que comporta dotación de infraestructuras y formación de los profesores, el apoyo de los equipos directivos de los centros, y el desarrollo de modelos de evaluación coherentes.
Resolución de problemas y motivación en espacios virtuales. Propuesta de una línea de investigación
Authors: Ballestero Madorrán Sara
Published: July 2021

Tomando como punto de partida el importante papel educativo de las matemáticas, el artículo define y propone una línea de investigación articulada en torno a tres pilares fundamentales: los procesos de resolución de problemas, la motivación y los espacios virtuales. Consecuentemente se hacen referencias explícitas a cuestiones metodológicas y, por tanto, se definen los objetivos, el problema de investigación, se toma en consideración el estado de la cuestión, y se determinan la hipótesis y las fuentes de obtención de datos que posibilitarán su desarrollo.
Páginas web para el aprendizaje
Authors: Álvarez Isabel , Kilbourn Brent
Published: July 2021

Este artículo plantea la construcción de paginas web como vehículo para facilitar la integracion de las tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion en el aula para futuros maestros. El término Página Web Coherente enfatiza la utilización de páginas cuyo objetivo principal es promover el aprendizaje siguiendo un proceso colaborativo, una estructura integradora y un contenido educativo.
Videojuegos, consumo y educación
Authors: Etxeberria Valerdi Felix
Published: July 2021

El éxito creciente de los videojuegos es una realidad en nuestra sociedad actual y constituyen el 54% del consumo del ocio audiovisual e interactivo en España durante el año 2007. Uno de los aspectos a tener en consideración de cara a la educación de los niños y niñas es el hecho de las implicaciones del consumo en relación a los videojuegos. La violencia en los videojuegos es uno de los principales tópicos en la literatura sobre el estudio de los efectos de los videojuegos en la conducta infantil. Sin embargo, no se trata únicamente de proteger a los menores de los riesgos del uso de los videojuegos sin control o cuidado por parte de los padres o los educadores. Desde hace muchos años, a pesar de sus riesgos, los videojuegos se vienen utilizando como un medio más en la educación.
Aplicación de las TIC a la evaluación de alumnos universitarios
Authors: Rodríguez Conde María José
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se analizarán las posibilidades y limitaciones que tiene el uso de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en la evaluación del aprendizaje de los alumnos en la Universidad. Se parte del concepto de evaluación educativa, desde el punto de vista formativo y sumativo, y se citan varias experiencias y herramientas informáticas al uso, en el contexto universitario internacional. Se hace especial alusión a la herramienta Question Mark en su versión web, Perception 3. Las conclusiones de este estudio forman parte de trabajos de investigación evaluativa en tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) aplicadas a la educación y al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), que en este momento se están desarrollando dentro del Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Educación (IUCE) de la Universidad de Salamanca.
Material de apoyo para el practicum en centros de adultos mayores
Authors: Aristizábal-Vallejo Nidia L.
Published: July 2021

Muchos de los estudiantes de diplomatura o licenciatura que llevan a cabo su prácticum con personas mayores de 60 años no tienen los conocimientos, herramientas y habilidades suficientes para desarrollar dicha labor. Durante el último siglo se ha dado una revolución silenciosa, el envejecimiento de la población y aunque se han llevado a cabo campañas sobre el envejecimiento óptimo o con calidad de vida, todavía persisten las imágenes y estereotipos negativos hacia el envejecimiento y la vejez, que lógicamente inciden en la relación con las personas mayores y en la autopercepción que de la vejez tienen los que ya la están viviendo. La educación es un importante medio ya que además de informar y/o formar, también se ha demostrado su efectividad en la modificación de los estereotipos. Son por éstas razones que se diseñó como material de apoyo para el prácticum el CCR, Conocimiento, Compromiso, y Respeto, en Power Point.
Nuestro Norte es el Sur. Una mirada actual sobre los procesos migratorios en América Latina
Authors: Astorga Alfredo
Published: July 2021

Las migraciones son un fenómeno con historia y gran diversidad. Hoy tiene características inéditas por su magnitud y los conflictos que entraña. El escenario globalizador ha disparado estas situaciones. El foco de análisis del texto es la migración entre países hermanos de América Latina, la que busca su norte en el sur. Las causas – por violencia o falta de oportunidades-varían y la integración plena suele ser la excepción. Niños y mujeres son los más afectados. La educación aparece como el salvavidas dado que los otros soportes son temporales. Lastimosamente el acceso y calidad suelen tener vacíos en las zonas de acogida y la irregularidad genera temores. No existen políticas nacionales o locales al respecto, por lo que la migración queda librada a la voluntad de organizaciones humanitarias. Aunque predominan la exclusión y el desarraigo, hay señales positivas y desafíos. La visibilidad del problema es un paso clave. Los esfuerzos en normativas, ciclos de encuentro, respaldo de redes, organizaciones de migrantes, campañas educativas, gestión educativa flexible, son esperanzadores. El sur podría ser un norte menos desalentador. La mundialización solidaria tiene espacio sin atropellar los derechos de nadie.
Educación Matemática y Tecnologías de la Información
Authors: López Fernández Ricardo
Published: July 2021

El desarrollo práctico de los ordenadores y sus aplicaciones propias a la educación, desde sus comienzos ha estado marcado por sus desarrollos específicos en el ámbito del aprendizaje de las ciencias y, particularmente, en educación matemática. Este articulo, constituye una introducción sobre estas aplicaciones y sus modos de uso e intervención en los procesos de aprendizaje de las matemáticas, así como los componentes cognitivos involucrados.
Arquitecturas emocionales en inteligencia artificial: una propuesta unificadora
Authors: González Bedia Manuel , García Carrasco Joaquín
Published: July 2021

Las emociones pueden ser entendidas de diferentes modos dependiendo de las disciplinas desde las que nos planteemos estudiarlas (neurofisiología, filosofía, etc.). En Inteligencia Artificial el aspecto que interesa del estudio de las emociones es el de buscar qué tipos de requisitos estructurales son satisfechos por los estados emocionales y qué mecanismos funcionales subyacen a los procesos emotivos con el fin de reproducirlos en arquitecturas artificiales. En este artículo se hace una revisión de las arquitecturas emocionales más importantes a lo largo de la historia de la Inteligencia Artificial lo que permite, por otro lado, poner en evidencia el problema de las estrategias tradicionales en la implementación de modelos emocionales: En todas subyace el carácter dualista emoción-razonamiento que se ha asignado tradicionalmente a la cognición humana. Los trabajos más modernos en neurofisiología de las emociones han llevado a los investigadores en Inteligencia Artificial a mostrar un aumento de interés por el diseño de sistemas emocionales y a plantearse nuevas arquitecturas, sin proponerse si los sistemas artificiales pueden tener realmente emociones como las de los humanos, y concentrándose en cómo pueden ser reproducidas las emociones exclusivamente desde una perspectiva funcional. Finalizamos el artículo sentando las bases de una arquitectura integrada dónde las emociones serían interpretadas cómo procesos de ayuda a la decisión y no exclusivamente como mecanismos de alarma.
Los principios rectores del espacio europeo de educación superior virtual
Authors: Gavari Elisa
Published: July 2021

La educación europea superior se encuentra, desde el año 1999, sometida a importantes cambios en el marco de la creación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. A la convergencia de la estructuras y a la implantación del crédito europeo que conforman la estructura formal hay que añadir el cambio en las metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje a través de las nuevas tecnologías. Esto supone un nuevo cambio en los roles de docentes y discentes y en los materiales educativos. Este artículo ofrece una revisión de los principios que históricamente han guiado la enseñanza a distancia universitaria y que sientan las bases de los principios que deben regir la implantación de un Espacio Virtual de Educación Superior.
Playing and creating audiences: Media Users-Generated Content Quality Assessment
Authors: Siudikiene Daiva
Published: July 2021

Internet is defined as highly democratic medium, which is growing at the result of media users’ generated content. Theoretical insights of various authors regarding improvement of media users-generated content quality are discussed in the article. This problem reflects not only ever-changing media use models but is also related with fierce discussions on media regulation issue. Developing initiatives reveal attempts to deal with media content quality issues and encourage more frequent discussions of how it should be done and how it could affect the modes of interaction between media companies and media users in the future.
CFD Modelling of Underground Coal Gasification using ANSYS Fluent Simulator
Authors: Shrivastava Devansh
Published: July 2021

Underground Coal Gasification is a non-traditional, in-situ combustion process for converting coal into product gases. In this process coal is combusted and the produced syngas which basically contains CO2, H2, CO and CH4 is extracted to the surface with the help of drilled wells. In this study, with reference to a lab-scaled UCG experiment [1] and taking the experimental data as the basis for the research a two dimensional CFD reactor model was created and further studies were done to establish the activity at the different locations of the reactor.
Reseña / Los caminos de la extensión en Colombia
Authors: Puca Molina Ricardo Santiago
Published: July 2021

En el libro Los caminos de la extensión en Colombia el lector va a hallar un producto de gran valor académico que da cuenta de la trayectoria de una de las funciones sustantivas de la educación superior en ese país. Retoma los objetivos de la tríada generada por la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (Argentina) y conformada por los ejemplares Los caminos de la extensión universitaria argentina, Los caminos de la extensión en América Latina y el Caribe y Los caminos de la extensión en la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, todos ellos con el espíritu presente del querido amigo y maestro Jorge Orlando Castro.
Justicia social, salario justo y renta básica universal
Authors: Larrú José María
Published: July 2021

El trabajo rastrea el origen del término justicia social y lo relaciona con la justicia distributiva y la conmutativa. Se discute la validez de la categoría salario justo en relación con la justicia distributiva en el contexto de la ausencia de negociación individual entre trabajador y capitalista de la economía actual. Respecto a la justicia conmutativa se discute la validez de una renta básica universal sin aportación alguna a la sociedad en forma de trabajo. Los tres ámbitos de discusión se iluminan desde el pensamiento social cristiano. Se concluye que la justicia social es una categoría válida en la actualidad pero que debe estar ligada al bien común y la virtud de la responsabilidad. El salario justo debe tener en cuenta las necesidades del trabajador y de su familia, pero también el asimétrico poder de negociación que se produce en la fijación capitalista de salarios. En cuanto a la renta básica universal, el pensamiento social cristiano deja libertad para su posible implantación, aunque el trabajo es una actividad pesonalizante y por lo tanto un trabajo público garantizado también es una opción atractiva para garantizar un ingreso mínimo vital.
La importancia de los valores en la vida personal y social: enfoques y medición
Authors: Villa Sánchez Aurelio
Published: July 2021

Los valores constituyen un tema intemporal, siempre se ha hablado de los valores, y se seguirá hablando, porque es consustancial al ser humano. Se reitera recurrentemente la crisis de valores en las diferentes épocas. Sin embargo, los valores son la guía de actuación de las personas, las instituciones y las sociedades, y es normal que en función de los factores de cambio cultural se modifiquen, se adapten a nuevas perspectivas, pero es muy importante que cualquiera de estos cambios no haga perder el norte. La brújula de los valores debe ser la herramienta que nadie (personas, grupos, instituciones, y sociedad) nunca debe perder. El propósito de este artículo es presentar una vista panorámica de algunos enfoques que existen sobre la temática de los valores y su aplicación en diferentes ámbitos. Los valores desde el punto de vista educativo se convierten en un foco clave en el aprendizaje para muchos modelos educativos desde la «clarificación de valores» hasta la «educación en valores». Los valores en la educación religiosa, que aquí se especifican en la pedagogía jesuítica. Los valores como reflejo de las actitudes y comportamientos de los pueblos que configuran los países en el mundo, y que hoy es posible disponer de este gran espejo gracias a las encuestas mundiales sobre valores. Los valores como centro de las organizaciones y como aspecto nuclear de su funcionamiento institucional. Los valores desde las aportaciones metodológicas desde los estudios pioneros de Milton Rokeach hasta los enfoques más difundidos como S.H. Schwartz. En síntesis, se trata de un intento inacabado pero que abre el obturador para poder captar la luz en un momento determinado.
La problemática de la educación superior y el reto de la calidad
Authors: Pérez Contreras de Chen Martha
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo plantea como objetivo describir brevemente la problemática de la educación superior y el reto de la calidad. Para ello se abordan los principales desafíos que abordan las universidades principalmente relacionados con la calidad, así como los conceptos que más se relacionan con ella. De igual forma se realiza un recorrido por las aproximaciones al concepto de la calidad desde diferentes perspectivas multidimensionales, a partir de una visión intrínseca y extrínseca y como se complementa con otros abordajes sobre dicho concepto.
Pasión por aprender
Authors: Gonzalo Misol Ignacio
Published: July 2021

Durante casi 30 años de colaboración en Comillas, nuestras tareas de formación del profesorado han consolidado una forma de trabajo en equipo, una apertura para compartir lo mejor que hacemos en clase y, en fin, una bella amistad. El Proyecto Educativo de Comillas (Los mejores para el mundo: un aprendizaje compartido) conserva en nuestra Universidad la huella de Pedro Morales.