bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation research of teaching materials for political and citizen education through historical contents
Authors: Prats Joaquín , Fuentes Moreno Concha , Sabariego Marta
Published: July 2019

El siguiente artículo presenta los primeros resultados de la investigación titulada “Desarrollo de la formación sociopolítica para una ciudadanía democrática: diseño e implementación de materiales didácticos en Ciencias Sociales (I+D EDU 2015-65621-C3-3-R)” realizada por el grupo DHIGECS de investigación en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales de la Universitat de Barcelona. Partiendo del análisis de investigaciones precedentes, se incide en el papel fundamental que debe tener el conocimiento histórico en la construcción de la dimensión social y ciudadana en los estudiantes. Para ello, se diseñaron materiales didácticos con ese objetivo, que fueron aplicados en centros escolares y analizados mediante un proceso observacional y un análisis cualitativo de los registros con el programa QSRNVIVO 12. Los resultados muestran la relación que se establece entre el uso de metodologías indagativas en el aula de historia, y el desarrollo de capacidades cognitivas que permiten un mejor desarrollo de la dimensión política y ciudadana.

The following article introduces the first results of the research entitled "Development of sociopolitical training for a democratic citizenship: design and implementation of didactic materials in Social Sciences (R & D EDU 2015-65621-C3-3-R)" carried out by the DHIGECS research group in Social Science Didactics at the University of Barcelona. Based on the analysis of previous research, the fundamental role that historical knowledge should have in the construction of the social and citizen dimension in students is emphasized. For this, didactic materials were designed with this objective, which were applied in schools and analyzed through an observational process and a qualitative analysis of the records, with the QSRNVIVO 12 program. The results show the relationship established between the use of active methodologies in the history classroom and the development of cognitive abilities that allow a better development of the political and citizen dimension.
THE MAZE: Gamifying the concept of identity
Authors: Hurtado Torres Daniel , Gil Duran Núria , Aguilar Paredes Carlos
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo expone el proceso de diseño, implementación y evaluación de la unidad didáctica «The Maze: Nosotros y ellos», elaborada por miembros del grupo de investigación DHiGeCs de la Universidad de Barcelona. Se trata de una aplicación basada en la Gamificación como estrategia didáctica y cuyos núcleos temáticos son la identidad y la diferencia, orientada a la asignatura de Ciencias Sociales y al trabajo de la competencia social y ciudadana. Su desarrollo ha requerido la reinterpretación de materiales históricos desde la óptica del juego, invitando a la reflexión y al debate sobre el «Nosotros y ellos», desde un punto de vista cohesionador, cívico y tolerante con la diversidad. Con el Learning Management System llamado Classcraft como recurso adicional, se han incorporado elementos de juego a las actividades propias de la práctica educativa, con los que el alumnado interactúa a través de avatares personalizados. El aprendizaje significativo que se consigue “dentro del laberinto” es destacable por la emoción y el entusiasmo de seguir las normas del juego. La investigación evaluativa realizada en diferentes centros de educación secundaria ha ofrecido unos resultados satisfactorios, destacando un incremento en la motivación y el compromiso, tanto por parte del alumnado como del profesorado implicado.

The current work shows the design process, implementation and evaluation of the didactic unit "The Maze: Us and them", developed by members of the research group DHiGeCs of the Universidad de Barcelona. This is an implementation based on Gamification as a didactic strategy, whose thematic core are identity and difference, oriented to the Social Sciences subject and the work of social and civil competency. Its development has required to reinterpret historical materials from the point of view of the game, leading to think and debate about "Us and them", from a cohesive, tolerant with diversity and civic approach. With the Learning Management System called Classcraft as additional resource, game elements have complemented the educational practice activities, with which the students interact through personalized avatars.The significant learning acquired "inside the labyrinth" is remarkable by the excitement and enthusiasm to follow the rules of the game. The evaluation research carried out in different secondary schools has offered satisfactory results, highlighting an increase in motivation and commitment both by the students and the teachers involved.
Les oecuménistes catholiques francophones d’avant Vatican II
Authors: Schelkens Karim
Published: July 2019

Dans cette contribution, l’auteur étudie l’affirmation souvent entendue selon laquelle John Henry Newman a influencé les enseignements de Vatican II. L’accent est mis sur l’ouverture conciliaire au dialogue oecuménique, et sur la façon dont les idées de Newman ont été accueillies par une génération intermédiaire de théologiens, qui à leur tour les ont amenées dans la salle conciliaire. Cet article illustre notamment comment l’héritage de Newman a été reçu dans les milieux européens francophones de la première moitié du xxe siècle. Pour ce faire, l’auteur étudie la façon dont Louis Bouyer, Yves Congar et Johannes Willebrands partageaient un intérêt commun pour le patrimoine théologique de Newman, et comment la présence de ces trois théologiens à la Conférence Catholique pour les Questions oecuméniques a servi de porte d’entrée au tournant oecuménique de Vatican II.
Que savons-nous des femmes diacres ?
Authors: Zagano Phyllis , Pottier Bernard
Published: July 2019

La décision du pape François d’établir une Commission pour l’étude du diaconat des femmes en août 2016 attire à nouveau l’attention sur la question : que savons-nous des femmes diacres ? Nous savons qu’elles ont existé. Il existe de nombreux témoignages, littéraires, épigraphiques et historiques, prouvant que des femmes diacres ont exercé un ministère en Occident au moins jusqu’au douzième siècle. Le fait qu’elles aient existé pose trois questions : que savons-nous des cérémonies liturgiques que les évêques présidaient pour créer des femmes diacres ? Que savons-nous de leurs tâches et de leurs devoirs ? Que savons-nous de la théologie du diaconat qui admettrait ou écarterait des femmes de l’ordination diaconale ?
Memory of the Present: Empathy and Identity in Young Adult Fiction
Authors: Nikolajeva Maria
Published: July 2019

Recent studies in cognitive literary criticism have provided scholars of literature with new, stimulating approaches to literary texts and neuroscientists with new insights about human emotions, empathy, and memory through evidence from fiction. What have so far been largely neglected are the implications of cognitive criticism for the study of literature targeting a young audience, whose theory of mind and empathic skills are not yet fully developed. A cognitive approach to children's and young adult literature has to meet several challenges less relevant in general fiction. Firstly, how is a young fictional character's consciousness represented by an author whose cognitive and affective skills are ostensibly superior? Secondly, how do texts instruct their young readers to employ theory of mind in order to assess both the young protagonist's emotions and their understanding of other characters' emotions (higher-order mind-reading)? Thirdly, how can fiction support young people's development of their theory of mind? The paper will discuss these issues with a particular focus on memory and identity, expressed textually through tense and narrative perspective. Drawing on work by Lisa Zunshine (2006) and Blackey Vermeule (2010), the predominantly theoretical argument will be illustrated by a contemporary young adult novel, Slated (2012), by Teri Terry.
MyRobot. Diseñando un robot con Arduino
Authors: Puertas Estivill Pedro
Published: July 2019

Este artículo presenta el desarrollo de un robot gestionado con Arduino UNO y un ESP8266. En el artículo se describe el proceso de creación de la estructura del robot, así como los diferentes programas creados para gestionar los motores que desplazan al robot, mueven su cabeza, etc.
INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR LAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECTS: CASE STUDY PECINCI, SERBIA
Authors: Marinković Goran , Lazić Jelena , Morača Slobodan , Grgić Ilija
Published: July 2019

Changes in the structure and fragmentation of land plots, arising from the process of privatization and restitution, as well as from the realization of large-scale infrastructural projects in Southeast Europe and similar, actualize problems in terms of intensive agricultural production, and aesthetic and functional spacing design. The need for initiating new projects regarding land consolidation cycles is increasing with the aim to solve spatial, environmental, and strategic issues in agriculture, as well as to provide appropriate conditions for the application of modern land treating methods. However, land consolidation projects are very complex, long-lasting and financially very demanding. To minimize risk and exclude the possibility of inadequate selection methods, this paper describes the methodology for integrated assessment, which allows decision making on the basis of two or more methods. Per integrated assessment methodology, this study includes several multi-criteria analysis methods, which do not exclude the possibility of integrating other methods. The results obtained in this study are not only beneficial to the South-Eastern Europe region, but also to all countries where land redistribution is expanding.

 
EFFECTS OF METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES ON NITROGEN DIOXIDE VARIATION
Authors: Ilić Predrag , Popović Zoran , Gotovac-Atlagić Suzana
Published: July 2019

The study presents results of the measurements of the atmospheric nitrogen dioxide concentration and simultaneous meteorological variables: average temperature, air pressure, and relative humidity, speed and wind direction. The data were collected from July 2015 to June 2017 at stations located in Banja Luka (locality Centre). Nitrogen dioxide is one of the major environmental pollutants which has negative impact on plants growth, atmospheric chemistry and climate change. Levels of nitrogen dioxide in air samples and meteorological variables from urban zone of Banja Luka were determined at locality, which is highly populated area, with intensive traffic. The study presents average measured values of nitrogen dioxide, together with maximal and minimal values and relationship between nitrogen dioxide and meteorological variables, i. e. for pollution modelling together with meteorological variables. Statistical analysis confirms string of rolls, which shows directional connection between nitrogen dioxide and meteorological variables. Correlation between nitrogen dioxide and temperature (r= -0.207), wind speed (r= -0.130) and relative humidity (r= -0.048) was negative and significant during the measurement period.
AIR POLLUTION-PRESENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES, CASE STUDY SANITARY LANDFILL BRIJESNICA IN BIJELJINA
Authors: Knežević Danijela , Knežević Nebojša
Published: July 2019

The management of air quality at landfills has, among other things, the objective of controlling of waste management efficiency at the landfill. Modern landfills, although built in accordance with domestic and European regulations, affect the quality of the air in the areawherethey are located. The challenges faced by sanitary landfills are the safe disposal of waste, the possibility of waste recovery and environmental protection (air and wastewater pollution).

This paper analyses the problems of air quality management at the location of the Brijesnicalandfill in Bijeljina and the assessment of the sanitary waste disposal method efficiency based on the analysis of the results of the air quality measurement at the landfill site.
EXPOSURE TO NON-IONIZING RADIATION OF AREA IN URBAN ZONE OF THE BANJA LUKA CITY
Authors: Popović Zoran , Ilić Predrag , Mirošljević Ranko , Gotovac-Atlagić Suzana
Published: July 2019

Intensity of electromagnetic pollution is followed by rapid increasing of new telecommunication technologies over the years. In order to prevent enlarged exposed of general population with doses of electromagnetic radiation above allowed for general population, living as well as working environment around antenna systems should be tested. Using sophisticated measurement equipment we measure intensity of electric field emitted from base station located at shopping center in urban zone of the Banja Luka city. Theoretical estimation of exposition was preceded to measurement procedure, resulting in mapping of exposure at different altitude around antenna system. This thorough investigation of electromagnetic pollution will become a part of typical systematic testing of high frequency non-ionizing radiation pollution. Tested area, around shopping center, where are located educational institution and sports center is found safe from emitted radiation.
SOIL AND RADIONUCLIDES OF EASTERN HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Tunguz Vesna , Petrović Bojana , Malešević Zoranka , Petronić Slađana
Published: July 2019

Soil is one of the most important natural resources. Measurement of natural radioactivity in soil is very important to determine the amount of change of the natural background activity with time as a result of any radioactivity release.

Coal mine and thermal power plant in Gacko field is a very important industrial facility. The content of radionuclides of the soil was examined at Gacko area, slag, ash and mullock dumps in thethermal power plant Gacko and soils of dumps in the process of re-cultivation. The gamma – spectrometric measurements were done in the Institute of Nuclear Sciences “Vinča” in Belgrade.Soil samples were collected in 2010/2014 at more locations in eastern part of Republic of Srpska. After removing the stones and vegetation, all soil samples for Gama spectrometric measurements dried up to 1050C, sieved, placed in the plastic 500 mL Marinelli beakers and left for four weeks to reach radioactive equilibrium.

Given that there are no specific regulations in the Republic of Srpska, the concentration of natural and produced radionuclides in samples from the working and living environment of thermal power plants, comparison with literature data from the region and the world is one way of evaluating the impact of the plant's operation on the soils.

The results point to the necessity of regular monitoring of radioactivity in eastern Herzegovina in order to assess the impact of the technologically increased natural radioactivity
Cell lineage trees: the central structure plus key dynamics of biological aging and formulating the limiting problem of comprehensive organismal rejuvenation
Authors: Csordas Attila
Published: July 2019

The argument makes the case for cell lineage trees and cell tree dynamics to be considered as the central structure and process of understanding organismal level, multicellular biological aging. The limiting challenge of counteracting biological aging is comprehensive organismal rejuvenation. The central theoretical problem of comprehensive biological rejuvenation is to find an algorithm to restore the balance and maintain the healthy dynamics of the aging organismal cell lineage tree. The most comprehensive medical solution of biological aging needs to use individual cell lineage trees as a central tool for diagnosis and treatment.
Public opinion of captive cetacean attractions: A critique of Wassermannet al. (2018)
Authors: Manitzas Hill Heather M , Jaakkola Kelly
Published: July 2019

Wassermann et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5953) argued that previous public opinion research about marine mammal attractions should be considered unreliable due to possible biases in study design, which may have influenced participants’ responses. As in all scientific endeavors, reducing bias in order to gather more objective, evidence-based information is a worthy and commendable goal. Unfortunately, Wassermann et al. fell short in their efforts to produce an unbiased investigation into the beliefs of the general public about captive marine mammal attractions, due to a number of methodological flaws and biases in their own study. Specific concerns include a non-representative sample, methodological issues with data collection and coding procedures, a lack of reliability between data published and data provided, a failure to demonstrate inter-coder reliability, a failure to control for sequence effects in quantitative data, misrepresentation of databetween text and tables, and biased over-interpretation of qualitative responses. These errors undermine the authors’ conclusions and indeed render their findings uninterpretable. To achieve the goal of an unbiased understanding of public opinion about marine mammal attractions, further research on this topic is warranted using rigorous and sound scientific methodology.
Employment Generation and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: The Role of Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ijiwole A. A.
Published: July 2019

Social entrepreneurship has been acknowledged by scholars as a veritable tool to accelerate the decline in unemployment and poverty. However, the contribution of social entrepreneurship to sustainable economic development in Nigeria has not been felt. This study, therefore, sought to examine the influence of social entrepreneurship on employment generation and poverty alleviation in Nigeria with specific reference to Nigeria Association of Social Workers, Federal Capital Tertiary (FCT) Abuja Chapter. A descriptive survey was employed for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 150 members of the Nigeria Association of Social Workers, Federal Capital Tertiary (FCT) Abuja Chapter. Data were sourced through a structured closed- ended questionnaire designed by the researcher for the study with the aid of personal interview. Data were analysed with the aid of mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and Linear regression. The results revealed that social entrepreneurship measured by social problem solving, social value, social responsibility and human teamwork has a significant relationship with employment generation and poverty alleviation. The study, therefore, concluded that social entrepreneurship is a driving force of social and environmental goals that have an impact on sustainable economic development. Subsequently, the study recommended that government at all levels, private organizations and non- government organizations should embrace the concept of social entrepreneurship and address the issues such as insecurity, acute unemployment, and abject poverty ravaging our society. More also, the concept of social entrepreneurship should be included as a separate branch of management courses in all tertiary institutions of learning.
Studies of the Nutritional, Environmental Effects and Repressive Nature of Simple Sugars on the Production of endo-β-mannanase by Aspergillus flavus PT7 on Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Anita Ukponobong E. , Stephen Nsikak U. , Onilude Abiodun A. , Ibanga Inimfon A.
Published: July 2019

Aims: The importance of nutritional and environmental factors in the production of microbial enzymes cannot be overemphasized. Hence, endo-β-mannanase production was systematically studied in a step-wise approach of building up on the experimentally observed conditions favouring the production of this enzyme in Aspergillus flavus PT7.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between January 2018 and December 2018.

Methodology: Thirty-eight (38) fungal isolates obtained were screened for mannolytic ability using standard method. The highest producer of endo-β-mannasase was subjected to various production conditions by adjusting the nutritional and environmental factors in view of optimizing the production of this enzyme in the isolate Aspergillus flavus PT7.

Results: Copra meal was the highest inducer of mannanase production in the isolate at enzyme activity of 85.86±3.93 U/gds. Production increased to 94.54±0.42 when all forms of extraneous nitrogen sources were excluded from the production medium. pH 5.0, temperature 30°C, moisture content at 100% v/w and inoculum size of 8.0% v/w led to the increase in production by 44% (enzyme activity of 153.24±5.69 U/gds) in 5 days of incubation. Allowing the production set up additional two (2) days led to production increase with a recorded enzyme activity of 170.34±4.35 U/gds. Production of endo-β-mannanase in A. flavus PT7 was observed to be inductive as the presence of simple sugars like glucose, galactose, arabinose and xylose led to extended lag period in the production of the enzymes by the isolate.

Conclusion: Production of endo-β-mannanase by Aspergillus flavus PT7 was successfully optimized in a step-wise and systematic experimental study of the nutritional and environmental growth conditions of the isolate.
Study on the Optimization of Double Parameters of the Air Flow Resistance and the Permeability of Electrospun Nanofiber Nonwovens
Authors: Chen Ying , Liu Yong , Qi Lu , Zhang Lei , Fan Qinwei , Li Xiaobo , Chen Rudong
Published: July 2019

In this paper, neural network is used as the tool to study the factors affecting the air flow resistance and the permeability of electrospun nanofiber nonwovens and analyze the major factors affecting the air flow resistance and the permeability such as concentration, distance, voltage and solution filling speed. First, design a five-level orthogonal table for all factors in accordance with the orthogonal experiment theory, select the corresponding parameter values, use polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare 50 samples on DXES-01 automatic electrostatic spinning machine, train them with neural network model and obtain the precise fitting function. The optimization function is constructed by the idea of two- objective optimization, and its three relative optimal values are calculated, 8.135611, 8.134624, 8.115814. Compared with the experimental results, the average relative error is 12.89 and 8.34. The experimental results show that the error is also ideal.
PROCESSO ADMINISTRATIVO ELETRÔNICO NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA FEDERAL: uma análise frente a gestão arquivística de documentos públicos
Authors: Schäfer Murilo Billig , Lima Eliseu Dos Santos , Seiffert Claudineli Carin , Flores Daniel
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o Decreto n° 8.539, de 8 de outubro de 2015, que trata da adoção do processo administrativo eletrônico na administração pública federal brasileira, frente à gestão arquivística de documentos públicos. Para atender este objetivo, os principais dispositivos do decreto são analisados considerando referenciais teóricos que tratam da integridade, acesso e preservação de longo prazo dos documentos arquivísticos digitais. Foram analisados os objetivos do Decreto n° 8.539, as plataformas tecnológicas necessárias à criação, tramitação, armazenamento e acesso aos documentos arquivísticos digitais, a cadeia de custódia ininterrupta digital, além da presunção de autenticidade dos documentos. Baseado nos conceitos do referencial teórico, o artigo conclui que embora exista um contexto de estímulo ao uso de documentos nato digitais, diversos elementos indispensáveis a gestão arquivística de documentos são desconsiderados pelas instituições públicas, colocando em risco grande parte do patrimônio documental que passa a ser produzido em meio nato digital.
Presenteeism as a predictor of disability pension: A prospective study among nursing professionals and care assistants in Sweden
Authors: Gustafsson Klas , Bergström Gunnar , Marklund Staffan , Aboagye Emmanuel , Leineweber Constanze
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to examine how presenteeism affects the risk of future disability pension among nursing professionals and care assistants (assistant nurses, hospital ward assistants, home-based personal care workers, and child care assistants). A specific objective was to compare health and social care employees with all other occupations.

Methods

The study was based on a representative sample of working women and men (n = 43 682) aged 16-64 years, who had been interviewed between 2001 and 2013 for the Swedish Work Environment Survey conducted every second year since 1989. Information on disability pension was obtained from the Social Insurance Agency’s database (2002-2014). The studied predictors were related to disability pension using Cox’s proportional hazard regression with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and selected confounders were controlled for. The follow-up period was 6.7 years (SD 4.2).

Results

Health and social care employees with frequent presenteeism showed a particularly elevated risk of future disability pension after adjusting for sex, sociodemographic variables, physical and psychosocial working conditions, and self-rated health symptoms. In the amalgamated occupational group of nursing professionals and care assistants, the impact on disability pension of having engaged in presenteeism four times or more during the prior year remained significant (HR = 3.72, 95% CI = 2.43-5.68).

Conclusions

The study suggests that frequent presenteeism contributes to an increased risk of disability pension among nursing professionals and care assistants as well as among all other occupations.
Parathyroid hormone‐like hormone plays a dual role in neuroblastoma depending on PTH1R expression
Authors: García Marta , Rodríguez‐Hernández Carlos Javier , Mateo‐Lozano Silvia , Pérez‐Jaume Sara , Gonçalves‐Alves Eliana , Lavarino Cinzia , Mora Jaume , de Torres Carmen
Published: July 2019

We have previously reported the expression of parathyroid hormone‐like hormone (PTHLH) in well‐differentiated, Schwannian stroma‐rich neuroblastic tumors. The aim of this study was to functionally assess the role of PTHLH and its receptor, PTH1R, in neuroblastoma. Stable knockdown of PTHLH and PTH1R was conducted in neuroblastoma cell lines to investigate the succeeding phenotype induced both in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of PTHLH reduced MYCN expression and subsequently induced cell cycle arrest, senescence, and migration and invasion impairment in a MYCN‐amplified, TP53‐mutated neuroblastoma cell line. These phenotypes were associated with reduced tumorigenicity in a murine model. We also show that PTHLH expression is not under the control of the calcium‐sensing receptor in neuroblastoma. Conversely, its production is stimulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Accordingly, irreversible EGFR inhibition with canertinib abolished PTHLH expression. The oncogenic role of PTHLH appeared to be a consequence of its intracrine function, as downregulation of its receptor, PTH1R, increased anchorage‐independent growth and induced a more undifferentiated, invasive phenotype. Respectively, high PTH1R mRNA expression was found in MYCN nonamplified primary tumors and also significantly associated with other prognostic factors of good outcome. This study provides the first evidence of the dual role of PTHLH in the behavior of neuroblastomas. Moreover, the identification of EGFR as a transcriptional regulator of PTHLH in neuroblastoma provides a novel therapeutic opportunity to promote a less aggressive tumor phenotype through irreversible inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity.
p32 is a negative regulator of p53 tetramerization and transactivation
Authors: Ghate Nikhil Baban , Kim Jinman , Shin Yonghwan , Situ Alan , Ulmer Tobias S. , An Woojin
Published: July 2019

p53 is a sequence‐specific transcription factor, and proper regulation of p53 transcriptional activity is critical for orchestrating different tumor‐suppressive mechanisms. p32 is a multifunctional protein which interacts with a large number of viral proteins and transcription factors. Here, we investigate the effect of p32 on p53 transactivation and identify a novel mechanism by which p32 alters the functional characteristics of p53. Specifically, p32 attenuates p53‐dependent transcription through impairment of p53 binding to its response elements on target genes. Upon p32 expression, p53 levels bound at target genes are decreased, and p53 target genes are inactivated, strongly indicating that p32 restricts p53 occupancy and function at target genes. The primary mechanism contributing to the observed action of p32 is the ability of p32 to interact with the p53 tetramerization domain and to block p53 tetramerization, which in turn enhances nuclear export and degradation of p53, leading to defective p53 transactivation. Collectively, these data establish p32 as a negative regulator of p53 function and suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting p32 for cancer treatment.
Self‐Templated Conversion of Metallogel into Heterostructured TMP@Carbon Quasiaerogels Boosting Bifunctional Electrocatalysis
Authors: Guo Hele , Feng Qichun , Xu Kaiwen , Xu Jingsan , Zhu Jixin , Zhang Chao , Liu Tianxi
Published: July 2019

Integration of nanostructured electrocatalysts into a 3D ordered assembly is beneficial for boosting their catalytic performance across various energy conversion applications. In this work, a self‐templated carbonization strategy for synthesizing heterostructures of transition metal phosphide@nitrogen/phosphorus dual‐doped carbon quasiaerogels (TMP@NPCA) is presented using a rationally designed precursor of a metallogel with Zn/M (M = Co, Fe, and Ni) bimetallic clusters (BMOG) and nitrogen/phosphorus chelate ligands. During the self‐templated carbonization, the Zn ions among the BMOG boost a simultaneous catalytic carbonization and activation process of the resultant TMP@NPCA, whereas the M ions offer a versatile self‐phosphating preparation of TMP nanoparticles (e.g., CoP, FeP, and Ni2P) within the TMP@NPCA. As a proof of concept, the TMP@NPCA catalysts deliver an excellent bifunctional catalytic activity and outstanding stability toward the oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, offering competitive advantages to achieve supreme bifunctional catalysis performance over the state‐of‐the‐art TMP catalysts for renewable energy conversion systems.
A Wearable Paper‐Based Sweat Sensor for Human Perspiration Monitoring
Authors: Parrilla Marc , Guinovart Tomàs , Ferré Jordi , Blondeau Pascal , Andrade Francisco J.
Published: July 2019

The fabrication and performance of a wearable paper‐based chemiresistor for monitoring perspiration dynamics (sweat rate and sweat loss) are detailed. A novel approach is introduced to measure the amount of aqueous solution in the order of microliters delivered to the sensor by monitoring a linear change in resistance along a conducting paper. The wearable sensor is based on a single‐walled carbon nanotubes and surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) nanocomposite integrated within cellulose fibers of a conventional filter paper. The analytical performance and the sensing mechanism are presented. Monitoring sweat loss in the human body while exercising is demonstrated using the integration of a wireless reader and a user‐friendly interface. By addressing the barriers of cost, simplicity, and the truly in situ demanding measurements, this unique wearable sensor is expected to serve in the future in many different applications involving the on‐body detection of biofluids, such as a monitoring tool of dehydration levels for athletes as well as a tool for enhancing the sport performance by providing an accurate recovery of the hydration status in daily exercises.
Investigation of Electrode Electrochemical Reactions in CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Single‐Crystal Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wang Junzhan , Senanayak Satyaprasad P. , Liu Jie , Hu Yuanyuan , Shi Yanjun , Li Zelun , Zhang Caixin , Yang Bingyan , Jiang Longfeng , Di Dawei , Ievlev Anton V. , Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Ding Tao , Deng Huixiong , Tang Liming , Guo Yunlong , Wang Jianpu , Xiao Kai , Venkateshvaran Deepak , Jiang Lang , Zhu Daoben , Sirringhaus Henning
Published: July 2019

Optoelectronic devices based on metal halide perovskites, including solar cells and light‐emitting diodes, have attracted tremendous research attention globally in the last decade. Due to their potential to achieve high carrier mobilities, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials can enable high‐performance, solution‐processed field‐effect transistors (FETs) for next‐generation, low‐cost, flexible electronic circuits and displays. However, the performance of perovskite FETs is hampered predominantly by device instabilities, whose origin remains poorly understood. Here, perovskite single‐crystal FETs based on methylammonium lead bromide are studied and device instabilities due to electrochemical reactions at the interface between the perovskite and gold source–drain top contacts are investigated. Despite forming the contacts by a gentle, soft lamination method, evidence is found that even at such “ideal” interfaces, a defective, intermixed layer is formed at the interface upon biasing of the device. Using a bottom‐contact, bottom‐gate architecture, it is shown that it is possible to minimize such a reaction through a chemical modification of the electrodes, and this enables fabrication of perovskite single‐crystal FETs with high mobility of up to ≈15 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 80 K. This work addresses one of the key challenges toward the realization of high‐performance solution‐processed perovskite FETs.
Rational Design of a Coupled Confronting Z‐Scheme System Toward Photocatalytic Refractory Pollutant Degradation and Water Splitting Reaction
Authors: Kandi Debasmita , Sahoo Dipti Prava , Martha Satyabadi , Parida Kulamani
Published: July 2019

Fabricating competent nanoarchitecture photocatalytic systems with desired band edge potential is crucial for effective charge separation that manifolds photocatalytic action. Here, a prototype pristine rational design of all‐solid‐state coupled confronting Z‐scheme (CCZ) system is synthesized by coprecipitation and hydrothermal method. This proof of concept comprises BiVO4 (B) and MgAl layered double hydroxide (L) as photosystem II (PS‐II) whereas CdS quantum dots (QDs, C) as photosystem I (PS‐I). CdS QDs trigger H2 production that subsequently boosts O2 production at PS‐II. Furthermore, this rare CCZ system shows tremendous performance in methyl orange (MO) and tetracycline (TC) degradation. The prepared Z‐scheme photocatalysts are capable of generating 17 350 and 33 000 µmol h−1 g−1 of O2 and H2 under UV light irradiation, which correspond to apparent conversion efficiency of 7.22% and 13.73%, respectively. The catalyst is able to degrade, respectively, 92% and 51% of 20 mg L−1 TC and MO in 1 h. Maximum accessibility of charge carriers at final charge‐separated state appears to be the basic cause in driving the photocatalytic activity efficiently. In spite of their various morphologies, synergistic interaction among C, B, and L can be effectively utilized to trigger various photocatalytic reactions.
High‐Performance Reflective Electrochromic Device by Integrating White Reflector and High Optical Density Electrochromic System
Authors: Ko Ik Jang , Park Jin Hwan , Kim Gyeong Woo , Lampande Raju , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: July 2019

This paper reports an efficient reflective electrochromic device (ECD) by integrating a highly reflective micro‐porous titanium dioxide–based white reflector film and an optimized transparent to black convertible electrochromic (EC) system. This reflective ECD can reflect almost 58.5% of light in the white state and 4.7% in the dark black state at 550 nm. Similarly, it also exhibits a very high ambient contrast ratio of 38:1 under office ambient light condition and good driving stability of about 83% in the white state (0 V) and 98% in the black state (1.7 V) after 10 000 driving cycles. In addition, the EC system is optimized by selecting good proton generator and suitable solvent for better coloration property as well as a low driving voltage via lactone ring opening reaction of leuco dye and supporting polymer for high optical density through suppressing the movement of oxidized leuco dye to the electrode. An ECD with the optimized EC system shows significant improvement in average optical density from 0.62 to 1.9 (at 400 to 700 nm) and faster switching speeds of about 1.6 s.
Understanding Performance Degradation in Cation‐Disordered Rock‐Salt Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Chen Dongchang , Kan Wang Hay , Chen Guoying
Published: July 2019

The collective redox activities of transition‐metal (TM) cations and oxygen anions have been shown to increase charge storage capacity in both Li‐rich layered and cation‐disordered rock‐salt cathodes. Repeated cycling involving anionic redox is known to trigger TM migration and phase transformation in layered Li‐ and Mn‐rich (LMR) oxides, however, detailed mechanistic understanding on the recently discovered Li‐rich rock‐salt cathodes is largely missing. The present study systematically investigates the effect of oxygen redox on a Li1.3Nb0.3Mn0.4O2 cathode and demonstrates that performance deterioration is directly correlated to the extent of oxygen redox. It is shown that voltage fade and hysteresis begin only after initiating anionic redox at high voltages, which grows progressively with either deeper oxidation of oxygen at higher potential or extended cycling. In contrast to what is reported on layered LMR oxides, extensive TM reduction is observed but phase transition is not detected in the cycled oxide. A densification/degradation mechanism is proposed accordingly which elucidates how a unique combination of extensive chemical reduction of TM and reduced quality of the Li percolation network in cation‐disordered rock‐salts can lead to performance degradation in these newer cathodes with 3D Li migration pathways. Design strategies to achieve balanced capacity and stability are also discussed.
Freezing resistance, safety margins, and survival vary among big sagebrush populations across the western United States
Authors: Lazarus Brynne E. , Germino Matthew J. , Richardson Bryce A.
Published: July 2019

Premise

Physiological responses to temperature extremes are considered strong drivers of species’ demographic responses to climate variability. Plants are typically classified as either avoiders or tolerators in their freezing‐resistance mechanism, but a gradient of physiological‐threshold freezing responses may exist among individuals of a species. Moreover, adaptive significance of physiological freezing responses is poorly characterized, particularly under warming conditions that relax selection on cold hardiness.

Methods

Freezing responses were measured in winter and again for new foliage in spring for 14 populations of Artemisia tridentata collected throughout its range and planted in a warm common garden. The relationships of the freezing responses to survival were evaluated in the warm garden and in two colder gardens.

Results

Winter and spring freezing resistance were not correlated and appeared to be under differing selection regimes, as evident in correlations with different population climate of origin variables. All populations resisted considerably lower temperatures in winter than in spring, with populations from more continental climates showing narrower freezing safety margins (difference in temperatures at which ice‐nucleation occurs and 50% reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence occurs) in spring. Populations with greater winter freezing resistance had lower survivorship in the warmest garden, while populations with greater spring freezing resistance had lower survivorship in a colder garden.

Conclusions

These survivorship patterns relative to physiological thresholds suggest excess freezing resistance may incur a survival cost that likely relates to a trade‐off between carbon gain and freezing resistance during critical periods of moisture availability. This cost has implications for seed moved from cooler to warmer environments and for plants growing in warming environments.
Mutational landscape of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia at diagnosis and relapse
Authors: Iaccarino Licia , Ottone Tiziana , Alfonso Valentina , Cicconi Laura , Divona Mariadomenica , Lavorgna Serena , Travaglini Serena , Ferrantini Aleandra , Falconi Giulia , Baer Constance , Usai Monica , Forghieri Fabio , Venditti Adriano , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Arcese William , Voso Maria Teresa , Haferlach Torsten , Lo‐Coco Francesco
Published: July 2019

Despite the high probability of cure of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), mechanisms of relapse are still largely unclear. Mutational profiling at diagnosis and/or relapse may help to identify APL patients needing frequent molecular monitoring and early treatment intervention. Using an NGS approach including a 31 myeloid gene‐panel, we tested BM samples of 44 APLs at the time of diagnosis, and of 31 at relapse. Mutations in PML and RARA genes were studied using a customized‐NGS‐RNA panel. Patients relapsing after ATRA‐chemotherapy rarely had additional mutations (P = .009). In patients relapsing after ATRA/ATO, the PML gene was a preferential mutation target. We then evaluated the predictive value of mutations at APL diagnosis. A median of two mutations was detectable in 9/11 patients who later relapsed, vs one mutation in 21/33 patients who remained in CCR (P = .0032). This corresponded to a significantly lower risk of relapse in patients with one or less mutations (HR 0.046; 95% CI 0.011‐0.197; P < .0001). NGS‐analysis at the time of APL diagnosis may inform treatment decisions, including alternative treatments for cases with an unfavorable mutation profile.
Evans syndrome in adults ‐ incidence, prevalence, and survival in a nationwide cohort
Authors: Hansen Dennis Lund , Möller Sören , Andersen Kjeld , Gaist David , Frederiksen Henrik
Published: July 2019

Patients with Evans syndrome have both immune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, but little is known about the epidemiology of this rare syndrome. Evans syndrome can be primary or secondary. This nationwide retrospective study linked health registries to identify 242 patients with Evans syndrome in Denmark in 1977‐2017. For comparison, we identified three age‐matched and sex‐matched cohorts of patients with only immune thrombocytopenia or only autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and a general population cohort. The Evans syndrome cohort had a mean age of 58.5 years at diagnosis, 51.2% were women, and 27.3% were classified as secondary Evans syndrome. The annual Evans syndrome incidence and prevalence rose significantly during the study period, to 1.8 per million person‐years and 21.3 per million persons, respectively, in 2016. The median survival with Evans syndrome was 7.2 years (primary Evans syndrome: 10.9 years; secondary Evans syndrome: 1.7 years). Secondary Evans syndrome was associated with higher mortality rates than any of the other cohorts, with a 5‐year survival of 38%. Among patients with Evans syndrome, the prevailing causes of death were bleeding, infections, and hematological cancer. In conclusion, we found that both primary and secondary Evans syndrome conferred a poor prognosis. Lethal complications probably derive primarily from manifestations of underlying autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia. Our findings suggested that suspicion of Evans syndrome should prompt vigilant clinical follow‐up. International collaborations are warranted to advance our knowledge of optimal management of this rare disease.
Prevalence and prognostic value of D‐dimer elevation in patients with AL amyloidosis
Authors: Pudusseri Anita , Sanchorawala Vaishali , Sloan J. Mark , Bever Katherine M. , Doros Gheorghe , Kataria Shivangi , Sarosiek Shayna
Published: July 2019

Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a protein folding disorder that can affect many different organ systems, in addition to the coagulation pathway. D‐dimer, a measurement of fibrin degradation, is commonly elevated in hematologic malignancies, but the prevalence and significance of D‐dimer elevation in AL amyloidosis is unknown. We conducted an analysis of 921 patients with AL amyloidosis that presented to the Boston University Amyloidosis Center. Baseline characteristics and laboratory data of the 897 patients included in the final cohort were analyzed. Four hundred twenty three patients (47%) had an elevated D‐dimer (>0.5 μg/mL). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a normal D‐dimer level of ≤0.5 μg/mL, and a level of >0.5 μg/mL but <1 μg/mL, conferred a lower risk of mortality (HR 0.49 and 0.59, respectively) when compared to a D‐dimer level ≥ 1 μg/mL. The increased risk of mortality in patients with a D‐dimer level ≥ 1 μg/mL was present in all cardiac stages. The median overall survival based on D‐dimer range of ≤0.5, >0.5 but <1, and ≥ 1 μg/mL was 5.86, 4.04, and 2.08 years, respectively (P < .001). This retrospective analysis demonstrates the high prevalence of D‐dimer elevation in AL amyloidosis and confirms that this laboratory finding is independently associated with decreased survival.
Body frame size, body image, self‐esteem, and health‐related quality of life in schoolchildren
Authors: Guzmán de la Garza Francisco J. , Salinas‐Martínez Ana M. , Zendejas‐Valdéz Juan M. , Cordero‐Franco Hid F. , Mathiew‐Quirós Álvaro , de la Garza‐Salinas Laura H.
Published: July 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between body frame size (BFS) and body image, self‐esteem, and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in Mexican schoolchildren.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included children aged 6 to 11 years. Body image, self‐esteem, and HRQL were evaluated through interviews. Two frame‐size measures, biacromial and bitrochanteric diameters, were collected and summed for categorizing BFS as small, medium, or large. Height and weight were also measured. Spearman's correlations were determined and adjusted by sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed with the psychological measure as the binary dependent variable, the categories of BFS as the independent variable, and sex, age, and BMI as control variables.

Results

The correlation between BFS and body image was 0.15 (P < .01) and after BMI adjustment was 0.07 (P > .05). BFS did not correlate with self‐esteem nor HRQL (P > .05). Of the children, 79% were dissatisfied with their body image, 20% had a low self‐esteem, and 31.8% had a poorly perceived HRQL; there were no differences by BFS. The multivariate analysis showed that a large BFS was not associated with body image dissatisfaction (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.6‐2.3), low self‐esteem (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.7‐2.6), or poor HRQL (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8‐2.2).

Conclusions

BFS was not correlated with body image, self‐esteem, or HRQL. A high self‐esteem and a good level of HRQL prevailed, but a high proportion of children were dissatisfied with their body image. School interventions should promote an appropriate body image and a healthy lifestyle.