bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydraulics Facilitate Urban Forest Establishment by Informing Tree Dynamics under Drought
Authors: Wang Ye , Liao Ting , Guo Liqin , Liu Guobin , Xi Benye
Published: December 2023

Urban forests provide considerable ecosystem services for city dwellers, yet the function of forest species is increasingly challenged by urban drought. Understanding drought tolerance of urban forest species would facilitate vegetation conservation and establishment within urban ecosystems. Here, we report on the drought resistance of leaves for two exotic and three indigenous tree species common to the Jing-Jin-Ji metropolitan region (covering Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei province) of north China. Xylem vulnerability to drought-induced embolism and leaf gas exchange, together with various morphological and anatomical traits that potentially relate to plant water use, were measured for pot-grown seedlings. In addition, seedlings were subjected to dry-down at two different drought intensities until death, and the tree mortality rate was recorded. We found that species differ markedly in xylem embolism resistance, with indigenous species showing more negative P50 (the water potential triggering 50% loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity), but less canopy leaf area at a given branch basal diameter, compared with exotic species. Furthermore, P50 well predicted tree mortality rate under protracted drought stress. Species characterized by more negative P50 also exhibited higher maximum leaf photosynthetic rates. In addition, leaf P50 was found to correlate with specific leaf area, while the hydraulic safety margin was related to sapwood density and the thickness of the leaf upper epidermis. Collectively, these results highlight the role of embolism resistance in dictating drought response and the promise of morphological traits as proxies of plant physiological drought resistance. Our findings contribute to understanding drought response for urban tree species and will guide the establishment and management of urban forests.
The Impact of Technological Dynamics and Fiscal Decentralization on Forest Resource Efficiency in China: The Mediating Role of Digital Economy
Authors: Yasmeen Rizwana , Hao Gang , Yan Hong , Shah Wasi Ul Hassan
Published: December 2023

This study explores the multi-dimensional relationships between technology, fiscal decentralization, and forest resource efficiency, and the pivotal role played by the digital economy as a mediator in 2002–2020. First, this study evaluates the Chinese provinces’ forest resource efficiency using multi-dimensional inputs and outputs of forest sectors. Further, we use two sorts of technology: high-technology expenditure and forest technology education. Fiscal decentralization in terms of local government expenditure on forest resources makes the study innovative and richer in analysis. A SBM-DEA analysis showed that the Anhui, Beijing, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang provinces have the highest efficiency scores, implying very efficient forest resource management. Subsequently, the robust econometric estimator Driscoll and Kraay is applied. The study’s findings disclose that both dimensions of technology increase the Chinese provinces’ forest resource efficiency through technological expenditure and forest technology education. Fiscal decentralization towards forest resource management expenditure increases the efficiency of forests. Urbanization and economic development reduce the efficiency of forests. The digital economy can effectively help to improve the efficiency of forest resources. The presence of moderating effects reveals that the influence of the digital economy on forest resource efficiency is positive when it is coupled with economic development, fiscal decentralization, technology, and urbanization.
An Optimization Study on a Novel Mechanical Rubber Tree Tapping Mechanism and Technology
Authors: Wang Lingling , Huang Chang , Li Tuyu , Cao Jianhua , Zheng Yong , Huang Jiajian
Published: December 2023

All-natural rubber is harvested from rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) by traditional tapping knives, so rubber tapping still heavily relies on labor. Therefore, this study explored a novel, hand-held mechanical rubber tapping machine for rubber tree harvesting. In this study, a mechanical tapping cutter with a vertical blade and adjustable guide was first described. The response surface method was applied to evaluate factors affecting the tapping effect. The experimental values were in close agreement with the predicted value. Machine-tapped latex was comparable in quality to hand-tapped latex. Based on the single-factor results, the response surface method (RSM) and the center combined rotation design (CCRD) optimization method were adopted to explore the influence of three factors influencing vertical blade height (A), cutting force (B), and spiral angle (C) on the tapping effect. Regarding the cutting rate of the old rubber line (Y1), cutting time (Y2), latex flow rate (Y3), and average cutting current (Y4) as evaluation indexes of the tapping effect, an optimization scheme was determined. The quadratic model fits for all the responses. The test results showed that the main factors affecting Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 were A and B, B, A and C, and B, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the influencing factors of A, B, and C were 10.24 mm, 51.67 N, and 24.77°, respectively, when the evaluation index values of Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 were 98%, 8.65 mL/5 min, 9.00 s, and 1.16 A. The range of the relative error between the experimental and predicted results was from −11.11% to 11.11%. According to the optimized treatment scheme, a comparison test was designed between mechanical and manual rubber tapping tools. To verify the availability and effect of the mechanical tapping method preliminarily, the important rubber tapping evaluation indexes included bark thickness, bark excision, latex flow time, cutting time, ash content, and cutting depth, which were selected to serve as a comparison test. There was no significant difference between hand and mechanical methods, except ash content (p < 0.05) and cutting time (p < 0.01). The mechanical tapping machine proposed in this study is meaningful to improve cutting efficiency, practicality, and operability. Furthermore, it provides crucial theoretical references for the development of intelligent tapping machines.
Hydrothermal Conditions in Deep Soil Layer Regulate the Interannual Change in Gross Primary Productivity in the Qilian Mountains Area, China
Authors: Wei Di , Zhang Yang , Li Yiwen , Zhang Yun , Wang Bo
Published: December 2023

The variability in soil hydrothermal conditions generally contributes to the diverse distribution of vegetation cover types and growth characteristics. Previous research primarily focused on soil moisture alone or the average values of soil hydrothermal conditions in the crop root zone (0–100 cm). However, it is still unclear whether changes in gross primary productivity (GPP) depend on the hydrothermal conditions at different depths of soil layers within the root zone. In this study, the soil hydrothermal conditions from three different layers, surface layer 0–7 cm (Level 1, L1), shallow layer 7–28 cm (Level 2, L2), and deep layer 28–100 cm (Level 3, L3) in the Qilian Mountains area, northwestern China, are obtained based on ERA5-Land reanalysis data. The Sen-MK trend test, Pearson correlation analysis, and machine learning algorithm were used to explore the influence of these three soil hydrothermal layers on GPP. The results show that soil moisture values increase with soil depth, while the soil temperature values do not exhibit a stratified pattern. Furthermore, the strong correlation between GPP and deep soil hydrothermal conditions was proved, particularly in terms of soil moisture. The Random Forest feature importance extraction revealed that deep soil moisture (SM-L3) and surface soil temperature (ST-L1) are the most influential variables. It suggests that regulations of soil hydrothermal conditions on GPP may involve both linear and nonlinear effects. This study can obtain the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil hydrothermal conditions across different soil layers and explore their regulations on GPP, providing a basis for clarifying the relationship between soil and vegetation in arid mountain systems.
How Do Investment Structure and Business Category Affect the Ecological Efficiency of Forest Parks?—A Case Study from Liaoning Province, China
Authors: Piao Huilan , Zhang Junyan , Chen Ke , Lyu Jie
Published: December 2023

Accurately assessing ecological efficiency and illustrating its impact mechanism can facilitate the construction of an environmentally friendly forest park management system. In this study, we took 28 national forest parks in Liaoning from 2008 to 2017 as study objects, constructed an ecological efficiency framework with a stochastic cost function, and analyzed empirically how investment structures affect the efficiency of forest parks and their mechanism. We found that, firstly, the improvement potential of the ecological efficiency of forest parks in Liaoning was 48%. Secondly, there was a large gap in the ecological efficiency among forests, but it was decreasing over time. Thirdly, investment structure had a significant impact on the ecological efficiency of forest parks. The increase in the proportion of private capital decreased the ecological efficiency, with the marginal contribution ratio being 10.6%. Fourthly, the business category played a mediating role between the investment structure and ecological efficiency of forest parks. Investment structures negatively affected ecological efficiency by increasing the proportion of accommodation and amusement. Lastly, there was heterogeneity in how investment structures affected the ecological efficiency of forest parks, with high-class forest parks through accommodation and low-class forest parks through amusement activities.
Effect of Yeast Derivatives and β-Glucanases on Ageing over Lees Process of Tempranillo Red Sparkling Wine
Authors: Moyano-Gracia Raúl , Vila-Crespo Josefina , Ruipérez Violeta , Rodríguez-Nogales José Manuel , Fernández-Fernández Encarnación
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on improving the second fermentation and the in-bottle ageing over lees process for 9 and 21 months of a red sparkling wine. The aim of the study was to enhance wine quality and try to make it more pleasant for consumers. For this purpose, four different yeast derivatives (yeast walls, yeast walls with tannins, inactivated yeasts and mannoproteins) and β-glucanases were added to a red base sparkling wine and were aged over lees during two different periods: 9 and 21 months. Oenological parameters, total polysaccharides, total proteins, free amino nitrogen, phenolic composition, foaming properties, and volatile compounds were analysed in conjunction with a sensory evaluation. Results show the different incidences of the studied adjuvants on the final parameters, highlighting the importance of the interactions of the studied adjuvants over time. In fact, time itself turned out to be one of the main factors affecting the final characteristics of the wine, so influencing consumers’ opinions and modifying the wine’s acceptability and quality.
Screening Bacterial Strains Capable of Producing 2,3-Butanediol: Process Optimization and High Diol Production by Klebsiella oxytoca FMCC-197
Authors: Palaiogeorgou Anastasia Marina , Delopoulos Ermis Ioannis Michail , Koutinas Apostolis A. , Papanikolaou Seraphim
Published: December 2023

In the present investigation, the potential of various newly isolated strains which belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family to produce 2,3-butanediol (BDO), an important bio-based compound, was studied. The most interesting strain, namely Klebsiella oxytoca FMCC-197, was selected for further investigation. Commercial (raw) sucrose or molasses, which are important agro-industrial surpluses, were employed as carbon sources for most of the trials performed. Different fermentation parameters (viz. incubation te4mperature, utilization of different carbon sources, substrate inhibition, aeration) were tested to optimize the process. Fermentations under non-aseptic conditions were also conducted to investigate the potential of growth of the strain K. oxytoca FMCC-197 to surpass the growth of other microorganisms in the culture medium and produce BDO. Besides BDO production, in trials in which molasses was employed as the sole carbon source, significant color removal was observed simultaneously with the production of microbial metabolites. The very high BDO concentration ≈115 g L−1 was reported in approximately 64 h during a fed-batch bioreactor experiment, using sucrose and molasses as carbon sources at 30 °C, reaching a conversion yield (YBDO) of 0.40 g g−1 and a productivity rate (PBDO) of 1.80 g L−1 h−1, while similar results were also obtained at 37 °C. The strain demonstrated remarkable results in non-previously sterilized media, as it produced 58.0 g L−1 in 62 h during a fed-batch bioreactor experiment, while the potential to decolorize molasses-based substrates over 40% was also recorded. From the results obtained it is shown that this wild-type strain can be used in large-scale microbial BDO production using various raw materials as fermentative substrates. The wastewater derived after BDO fermentation by K. oxytoca FMCC-197 can be disposed relatively safely into the environment.
Structure Characterization and Functional Properties of Flaxseed Protein–Chlorogenic Acid Complex
Authors: Cao Weiwei , Chen Junliang , Ma Shuhua , Chen Xin , Dai Xin , Zhang Li , Guo Mengyao , Li Linlin , Liu Wenchao , Ren Guangyue , Duan Xu , Xie Qinggang
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the covalent binding of flaxseed protein (FP) and chlorogenic acid (CA) on the structure and functional properties of FP–CA complexes fabricated using the alkali method. The results suggested that the encapsulation efficiency of CA encapsulated by FP ranged from 66.11% to 72.20% and the loading capacity of CA increased with an increasing addition ratio of CA with a dose-dependent relationship, which increased from 2.34% to 10.19%. The particle size, turbidity, zeta potential and PDI of FP and the FP–CA complexes had no significant discrepancy. UV–Vis and fluorescence spectra showed the existence of the interaction between FP and CA. SEM images showed that the surface of the FP–0.35%CA complex had more wrinkles compared to FP. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated the decomposition temperature of FP at 198 °C was higher than that (197 °C) of the FP–0.35%CA complex, implying that the stability of the FP–CA complexes was lower than FP. The functional properties suggested that the FP–CA complex with 1.40% CA had a higher water holding capacity (500.81%), lower oil holding capacity (273.495%) and lower surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, the FP–CA complexes had better antioxidant activities than that of FP. Therefore, this study provides more insights for the potential application of FP–CA covalent complexes in functional food processing.
Efficacy and Safety of Bifidobacterium longum Supplementation in Infants: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Guo Huangda , Fan Meng , Hou Tianjiao , Li Yixin , Wang Siyue , Wang Xueheng , Peng Hexiang , Wang Mengying , Wu Tao , Zhang Yumei
Published: December 2023

Background: Strategies to stabilize and support overall infant health by increasing the number of Bifidobacterium longum in the infant gut are of interest, but few studies have systematically addressed this issue. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bifidobacterium longum use in infants using meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, and SinoMed for publications until 27 July 2022. The main outcomes of interest were weight gain, risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and adverse events. Two authors independently performed study screening, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction. Outcome data were extracted from each included study and combined using mean difference (MD) or risk ratio (RR) and finally combined using a fixed-effect model or random-effect model. Results: A total of 4481 relevant studies were identified, of which 15 were found to be eligible for randomized controlled trials and were included in the meta-analysis. The combined extracted data showed that the intervention group containing Bifidobacterium longum had a significantly lower risk of NEC (RR = 0.539, 95% CI: 0.333, 0.874) compared to the control group. There was no statistical difference between the intervention and control groups regarding weight gain (MD = 0.029, 95% CI: −0.032, 0.090), the occurrence of adverse events (RR = 0.986, 95% CI: 0.843, 1.153), and serious adverse events (RR = 0.881, 95% CI: 0.493, 1.573). Conclusions: Bifidobacterium longum may significantly reduce the risk of NEC in infants as well as being safe; thus, further research evidence is needed on whether there is a benefit on weight gain.
Secondary Metabolites from the Genus Eurotium and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Deng Jiantianye , Li Yilong , Yuan Yong , Yin Feiyan , Chao Jin , Huang Jianan , Liu Zhonghua , Wang Kunbo , Zhu Mingzhi
Published: December 2023

Eurotium is the teleomorph genus associated with the section Aspergillus. Eurotium comprises approximately 20 species, which are widely distributed in nature and human environments. Eurotium is usually the key microorganism for the fermentation of traditional food, such as Fuzhuan brick tea, Liupao tea, Meju, and Karebushi; thus, Eurotium is an important fungus in the food industry. Eurotium has been extensively studied because it contains a series of interesting, structurally diverse, and biologically important secondary metabolites, including anthraquinones, benzaldehyde derivatives, and indol diketopiperazine alkaloids. These secondary metabolites have shown multiple biological activities, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antitumor, insecticidal, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study presents an up-to-date review of the phytochemistry and biological activities of all Eurotium species. This review will provide recent advances on the secondary metabolites and their bioactivities in the genus Eurotium for the first time and serve as a database for future research and drug development from the genus Eurotium.
Physicochemical Characterisation of Polysaccharide Films with Embedded Bioactive Substances
Authors: Gautam Shweta , Lapcik Lubomir , Lapcikova Barbora , Repka David , Szyk-Warszyńska Lilianna
Published: December 2023

In this study, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa) bioactive films, crosslinked with citric acid (CA), were prepared and comprehensively examined for their suitability in various applications, focusing on food packaging. The films displayed favourable properties, including appropriate thickness, transparency, and moisture content, essential for packaging purposes. Moreover, the films exhibited excellent moisture absorption rate and barrier properties, attributed to the high concentration of CMCNa and the inclusion of a CA. These films presented no significant effect of crosslinking and bioactive components on their mechanical strength, as evidenced by tensile strength and elongation at break values. Thermal stability was demonstrated in the distinct weight loss events at different temperature ranges, with crosslinking contributing to slightly enhanced thermal performance. Furthermore, the films showed varying antioxidant activity levels, influenced by temperature and the solubility of the films in different media, indicating their potential for diverse applications. Overall, these bioactive films showed promise as versatile materials with desirable properties for food packaging and related applications, where the controlled release of bioactive components is advantageous for enhancing the shelf life and safety of food products. These findings contribute to the growing research in biodegradable and functional food packaging materials.
Dietary Diversity and Its Association with Diet Quality and Health Status of European Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Results from the I.Family Study
Authors: Dello Russo Marika , Formisano Annarita , Lauria Fabio , Ahrens Wolfgang , Bogl Leonie H. , Eiben Gabriele , De Henauw Stefaan , Hebestreit Antje , Intemann Timm , Hunsberger Monica , Lissner Lauren , Molnar Denes , Pala Valeria , Papoutsou Stalo , Santaliestra-Pasias Alba M. , Veidebaum Toomas , Wolters Maike , Siani Alfonso , Russo Paola
Published: December 2023

Dietary diversity (DD) plays a crucial role in fostering high-quality diets, but its association with health outcomes, particularly body adiposity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), is inconsistent. This may be due to a lack of a standardized method for estimating DD. Our study investigates the association between two DD indices, namely the dietary diversity score (DDS) and food variety score (FVS), and anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, and diet quality in a large population sample from the I.Family study across research centers in eight European countries. In our cross-sectional analysis of 3035 participants, DDSs varied among countries, with a higher prevalence in the third DDS tertile among those with higher education. DDS showed a positive association with diet quality across all age groups. Higher DDS tertile individuals showed increased fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake, greater meal frequency, and lower ultra-processed food consumption. No relevant biochemical differences were observed across DDS tertiles, and a higher DDS was associated with lower overweight/obesity prevalence only in adults. No significant associations were found with FVS. Our findings emphasize the need to consider food groups for a more accurate estimation of diet quality. This aligns with studies suggesting DDS alone is not an independent risk factor for obesity in children and adolescents. Public health programs should prioritize food diversity to promote improved nutrition and overall well-being in communities.
Decompose and Conquer: Time Series Forecasting with Multiseasonal Trend Decomposition Using Loess
Authors: Sohrabbeig Amirhossein , Ardakanian Omid , Musilek Petr
Published: December 2023

Over the past few years, there has been growing attention to the Long-Term Time Series Forecasting task and solving its inherent challenges like the non-stationarity of the underlying distribution. Notably, most successful models in this area use decomposition during preprocessing. Yet, much of the recent research has focused on intricate forecasting techniques, often overlooking the critical role of decomposition, which we believe can significantly enhance the performance. Another overlooked aspect is the presence of multiseasonal components in many time series datasets. This study introduced a novel forecasting model that prioritizes multiseasonal trend decomposition, followed by a simple, yet effective forecasting approach. We submit that the right decomposition is paramount. The experimental results from both real-world and synthetic data underscore the efficacy of the proposed model, Decompose&Conquer, for all benchmarks with a great margin, around a 30–50% improvement in the error.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Defined Using the 2016 ASE Criteria and Mortality after a Liver Transplant in Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: González-Martínez Carlos E. , Regalado-Ceballos Diego , Medrano-Juárez Samantha , Regalado-Ceballos Airam , Hernández-Padilla Isaí E. , Azpiri-López José R. , Nañez-Terreros Homero , Muñoz-Espinosa Linda E.
Published: December 2023

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a hallmark of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and has been linked to a poorer quality of life and worse outcomes in patients with end-stage liver disease. Its impact on survival after a liver transplant (LT) is not known, especially when using current diagnostic criteria to define LVDD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current published literature on mortality after a LT in patients with LVDD. We searched for articles in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the COCHRANE Central database. We included cohort studies that compared post-transplant outcomes between cirrhotic patients with and without LVDD. Our primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality after a LT in relation to the presence of LVDD per the 2016 American Society of Echocardiography criteria. A total of 1029 articles were screened during the selection process. Two studies included in the meta-analysis showed no significant difference in mortality, but there was high heterogeneity. A narrative review of other studies that classified diastolic function (DD) using different criteria was also performed, revealing an association with worse outcomes in these patients. High-quality prospective studies using current criteria are needed to confirm these findings.
The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution
Authors: Rosandić Marija , Paar Vladimir
Published: December 2023

The Supersymmetry Genetic code (SSyGC) table is based on five physicochemical symmetries: (1) double mirror symmetry on the principle of the horizontal and vertical mirror symmetry axis between all bases (purines [A, G) and pyrimidines (U, C)] and (2) of bases in the form of codons; (3) direct–complement like codon/anticodon symmetry in the sixteen alternating boxes of the genetic code columns; (4) A + T-rich and C + G-rich alternate codons in the same row between both columns of the genetic code; (5) the same position between divided and undivided codon boxes in relation to horizontal mirror symmetry axis. The SSyGC table has a unique physicochemical purine–pyrimidine symmetry net which is as the core symmetry common for all, with more than thirty different nuclear and mitochondrial genetic codes. This net is present in the SSyGC table of all RNA and DNA living species. None of these symmetries are present in the Standard Genetic Code (SGC) table which is constructed on the alphabetic horizontal and vertical U-C-A-G order of bases. Here, we show that the free energy value of each codon incorporated as fundamentally mapping the “energy code” in the SSyGC table is compatible with mirror symmetry. On the other hand, in the SGC table, the same free energy values of codons are dispersed and a mirror symmetry between them is not recognizable. At the same time, the mirror symmetry of the SSyGC table and the DNA quadruplets together with our classification of codons/trinucleotides are perfectly imbedded in the mirror symmetry energy mapping of codons/trinucleotides and point out in favor of maintaining the integrity of the genetic code and DNA genome. We also argue that physicochemical symmetries of the SSyGC table in the manner of the purine–pyrimidine symmetry net, the quadruplet symmetry of DNA molecule, and the free energy of codons have remined unchanged during all of evolution. The unchangeable and universal symmetry properties of the genetic code, DNA molecules, and the energy code are decreasing disorder between codons/trinucleotides and shed a new light on evolution. Diversity in all living species on Earth is broad, but the symmetries of the Supersymmetry Genetic Code as the code of life and the DNA quadruplets related to the “energy code” are unique, unchangeable, and have the power of natural laws.
Virtual Dwelling and the Phenomenology of Experience: Museum Encounters between Self and World
Authors: Palmer Catherine
Published: December 2023

This article provides an anthropologically derived philosophy of the nature of experience in relation to the lifeworld of virtual tourism. Framed around Martin Heidegger and Tim Ingold’s concept of dwelling, I interrogate what the implications of a virtually derived experience of tourism might be for how we understand what experience means and by extension the experience of being human-in-the-world; in effect, what it means to ‘experience’ virtual tourism. I illustrate my argument by focusing on extended reality (XR) technology within the context of three museums, since museum experiences are increasingly mediated by varying forms of XR. I am interested in what the virtual-tourism-world of a museum might reveal about the experience of being human, experience that I refer to as virtual dwelling. The museums are the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle and the Louvre, both of which are located in Paris, France, and the Kennedy Space Centre Visitor Complex in FL, USA. These examples provide a snapshot into the merging, blending or overlaying of the physical with the virtual. In other words, the inseparability of virtual, person and world. Drawing from Heidegger, I argue that the significance of technology does not lie in its instrumentality as a resource or as a means to an end. Its significance comes from its capacity to un-conceal or reveal a ‘real’ world of relations and intentions through which humans take power over reality. The nature of experience, as virtual dwelling revealed, concerns the relationship between humans and the natural world, understandings of cultural value and cultural wealth and notions of human exceptionalism. Ultimately, what technologically modified experiences of a virtual-tourism-world reveal is experience as virtual dwelling, experience of the embeddedness of being human-in-the-world.
The Mediating Role of Sarcopenia in the Association between Physical Activity and Falls among Chinese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Liang Chenyu , Shi Lei , Li Baocheng , He Zhiyu
Published: December 2023

Physical inactivity and sarcopenia are potentially modifiable risk factors for falls in older adults, but the strength of the association between physical activity (PA), sarcopenia, and falls in Chinese older adults is unclear. This study sought to investigate the potential mediation mechanism relationship in the connection between PA, sarcopenia, including its elements (muscle strength, physical performance, and skeletal muscle mass), and falls among Chinese older people. The subjects were 3592 community-dwelling Chinese aged 60 or over, selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). PA was evaluated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and sarcopenia was determined through the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 guidelines. We employed logistic regression to explore the link between physical activity, sarcopenia, and falls. Additionally, we applied Karlson, Holm and Breen’s (KHB) method to estimate two different mediation models. The results demonstrated that PA lowers the risk of falls [odds ratio (OR) 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–0.61], whereas sarcopenia increases the risk of falls (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.16–1.55). Sarcopenia mediated the association between PA and falls, explaining a total of 2.69% of the association (indirect effect = −0.02). PA also had a significant mediating effect on the association between sarcopenia and falls, explaining a total of 20.12% of the association (indirect effect = 0.06). The proportion mediated by sarcopenia was 2.69% for PA and falls (indirect effect = −0.02). Our findings suggest that PA and sarcopenia have a direct effect on falls as well as an indirect effect through each other. Enhancing PA levels and preventing sarcopenia may help prevent falls in older adults.
A Retrospective Analysis of High Resolution Ultrasound Evaluation of the “Split Fat Sign” in Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Deka Jeena B. , Shah Ritu , Jiménez Miguel , Bhatnagar Nidhi , Bravo-Sánchez Alfredo , Piñas-Bonilla Inés , Abián-Vicén Javier , Jiménez Fernando
Published: December 2023

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) comprise schwannomas and neurofibromas. The finding of increased adipose tissue around benign PNSTs has been described as the “split fat sign” on magnetic resonance imaging exams, which is suggestive of an intramuscular or intermuscular location of the tumor. However, few studies have described this sign as a salient ultrasound feature of PNSTs. The main purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the presence of increased fatty tissue deposition around benign PNSTs diagnosed by high-resolution ultrasound. In addition, we aimed to corroborate the presence of vascularization around the affected area. A retrospective analysis of ten cases of PNSTs and two cases of post-traumatic neuromas diagnosed by high-resolution ultrasound was performed with a Logiq® P8 ultrasound with a 2–11 MHz multifrequency linear probe L3-12-D (central frequency: 10 MHz). Localized types of neurofibromas and schwannomas in any location were seen as predominantly hypoechoic tumors with an oval or fusiform shape. Exiting and entering nerves (tail sign) were observed in six cases, showing localized lesions both in intermuscular and subcutaneous locations. The presence of increased hyperechoic tissue (the split fat sign) was noted in cases of solitary intermuscular and intramuscular peripheral nerve sheath tumors, mainly the schwannomas. Though small tumors did not demonstrate the tail sign, the increase in adipose tissue and vascularity on US was well demonstrated. In conclusion, the nerve in continuity forms the basis of the ultrasonographic diagnosis of PNSTs. However, high-resolution US can convincingly demonstrate the increased presence of fat in the upper and lower poles as well as circumferentially in intermuscular or intramuscular benign PNSTs.
Injury Incidence, Outcomes, and Return to Competition Times after Sports-Related Concussions during One Professional Ice Hockey Season: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Höllerer Dominik , Kaiser Peter , Runer Armin , Steiner Ekkehard , Koidl Christian , Arora Rohit , Schneider Friedemann
Published: December 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and characteristics of sports-related concussions (SRCs) for a professional ice hockey team during one regular season in the International Central European Hockey League. Background: Repeated concussions are a common cause of long periods of absence in team contact sports, with a wide range of potential short- and long-term consequences for the affected athlete. Questions mainly regarding early diagnosis and ideal follow-up treatment remain unanswered, especially regarding the timing of return to sports (RTS). Method: A prospective data analysis for a professional ice hockey team during a regular season was conducted. Firstly, concussions per 1000 athlete exposure (AE) and average time loss due to SRC were calculated. Secondly, the data from ImPACT Applications were analyzed for those players who were diagnosed with an SRC. Results: Five SRCs were evaluated during the regular season, which resulted in 1.35 concussions/1000 AEs, a maximum of 17 missed games, and a median of three games per SRC. The average symptom count was 9.6, with the most common symptoms being headache, sensitivity to light, and dizziness. Conclusions: SRCs sustained in professional ice hockey are a common in-competition injury, while practices play a subsidiary role. The duration of RTS is highly individual and can be associated with symptoms lasting days to months.
Fatigue among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Impact of Spirituality and Illness Perceptions
Authors: Vasilaki Maria , Vlachou Eugenia , Kavga Anna , Govina Ourania , Dokoutsidou Eleni , Evangelou Eleni , Ntikoudi Anastasia , Mantoudi Alexandra , Alikari Victoria
Published: December 2023

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) can cause fatigue, negatively affecting the daily functioning and health of individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of spirituality and illness perceptions on fatigue among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, 100 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus completed the Fatigue Assessment Scale, the FACIT Sp-12 scale, and the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised assessing fatigue, spirituality, and illness perceptions, respectively. The mean age of the sample was 52.18 ± 15.53 years and 65% were insulin-treated patients. The mean score for the FACIT Sp-12 scale was 31.86 ± 7.7, for the FAS 27.0 ± 7.63, and for the Consequences and Emotional Representations of IPQ-R 25.5 ± 5.3. Statistically negative significant correlations were observed between the FACIT Sp-12 total score and the FAS subscales (r = −0.44 to −0.48, p < 0.01) and positive correlations between the “IP—Consequences and Emotional Representations” subscales and FAS scores. The total score of the FACIT Sp-12 (β = −0.35) was a negative predictor while Consequences and Emotional Representations (β = 0.28) were positive predictors of the total FAS Score. Participants scored moderate levels of total fatigue. Spirituality and positive illness perceptions may have a protective effect on the fatigue of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture among Triage Nurses in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fekonja Zvonka , Kmetec Sergej , Mlinar Reljić Nataša , Černe Kolarič Jožica , Pajnkihar Majda , Strnad Matej
Published: December 2023

The patient safety culture is key to ensuring patient safety in healthcare organizations. The triage environment is inherently demanding for patient safety and is characterized by high stress, rapid decision-making, and quick action. In several countries, including Slovenia, there is a lack of studies on the patient safety culture among triage nurses. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of the patient safety culture among triage nurses. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The Emergency Medical Services-Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, distributed to triage nurses, was used to collect data. A total of 201 triage nurses participated in this study. The results revealed that the overall average perception of the patient safety culture was 57.27% (SD = 57.27), indicating that the perception of the patient safety culture among triage nurses in the emergency department was non-positive and requires improvement. “Job Satisfaction” received the highest score (63.18%; SD = 17.19), while “Working Conditions” received the lowest (49.91%; SD = 17.37). The perception of positive and negative safety culture responses was statistically significant for age (χ2 (3) = 17.750, p ≤ 0.001), education (χ2 (2) = 6.957, p = 0.031) and length of working experience (χ2 (3) = 8.875, p = 0.031). The findings emphasize the significance of improving the safety culture in relation to several areas of patient care during the triage process. This research serves as a crucial foundation for enhancing patient safety in triage, providing quality care, and reducing adverse events.
Potential Impact of Using ChatGPT-3.5 in the Theoretical and Practical Multi-Level Approach to Open-Source Remote Sensing Archaeology, Preliminary Considerations
Authors: Abate Nicodemo , Visone Francesca , Sileo Maria , Danese Maria , Minervino Amodio Antonio , Lasaponara Rosa , Masini Nicola
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of using an AI model, specifically ChatGPT-3.5, in remote sensing (RS) applied to archaeological research. It assessed the model’s abilities in several aspects, in accordance with a multi-level analysis of its usefulness: providing answers to both general and specific questions related to archaeological research; identifying and referencing the sources of information it uses; recommending appropriate tools based on the user’s desired outcome; assisting users in performing basic functions and processes in RS for archaeology (RSA); assisting users in carrying out complex processes for advanced RSA; and integrating with the tools and libraries commonly used in RSA. ChatGPT-3.5 was selected due to its availability as a free resource. The research also aimed to analyse the user’s prior skills, competencies, and language proficiency required to effectively utilise the model for achieving their research goals. Additionally, the study involved generating JavaScript code for interacting with the free Google Earth Engine tool as part of its research objectives. Use of these free tools, it was possible to demonstrate the impact that ChatGPT-3.5 can have when embedded in an archaeological RS flowchart on different levels. In particular, it was shown to be useful both for the theoretical part and for the generation of simple and complex processes and elaborations.
Multivariate Analysis of the Phenological Stages, Yield, Bioactive Components, and Antioxidant Capacity Effects in Two Mulberry Cultivars under Different Cultivation Modes
Authors: Zhang Na , Li Jinxin , Qiu Changyu , Wei Wei , Huang Sheng , Li Yong , Deng Wen , Mo Rongli , Lin Qiang
Published: December 2023

Mulberry fruits are rich in bioactive components renowned for their antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. This study thoroughly investigated the impact of cultivation modes on the phenological stages, yield, bioactive components, and antioxidant activity of two mulberry cultivars, Yueshen Dashi (YS-DS) and Xinjiang Baisang (XJ-BS). Notably, greenhouse cultivation led to earlier phenology and shorter fruit development maturation durations compared to field cultivation. Despite a decrease in fruit production and firmness, the greenhouse-grown mulberries exhibited higher individual fruit fresh weight. The content of bioactive components, encompassing anthocyanins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C, and of antioxidant activity (measured in the FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging assays) was found to be lower in the greenhouse-grown mulberries than in those cultivated in the field. The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids showed robust positive correlations in the FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging assays, which suggests that the antioxidant activity of mulberry fruit might be primarily attributable to the bioactive components of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Interestingly, the sugar content and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) displayed an inverse relationship between the two cultivars in the greenhouse versus field conditions. The multivariate analysis highlighted distinct patterns for different cultivars under varying cultivation modes. This study underscores the potential to enhance bioactive components and antioxidant activity through effective manipulation of climate conditions, thereby unlocking the full nutritional potential of mulberry fruits on a large scale in greenhouse environments.
Mining Genes Related to Single Fruit Weight of Peach (Prunus persica) Based on WGCNA and GSEA
Authors: Bie Hangling , Wang Huimin , Wang Lirong , Li Yong , Fang Weichao , Chen Changwen , Wang Xinwei , Wu Jinlong , Cao Ke
Published: December 2023

Single fruit weight is an important goal of crop production and horticultural species domestication, but its genetic mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the fruits of different peach fruit types in their first rapid development period were used as materials. First, the differentially expressed genes were analyzed by RNA-seq data. Secondly, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to calculate the correlation between genes and modules, the genes with different expression patterns were divided into 17 modules, the modules were correlated with the phenotype of single fruit, and a highly correlated blue module was obtained. Then, the possible differentially expressed genes and signal pathways among different fruit types were compared by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and 43 significant pathways were obtained. Finally, 54 genes found to be repeatedly expressed in 3 of the methods were screened, and 11 genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction were selected for subsequent analysis according to their functional annotations. Combined with the changing trend of phenotype, three genes (Prupe.7G234800, Prupe.8G079200 and Prupe.8G082100) were obtained as candidate genes for single fruit weight traits. All three genes are involved in auxin signal transduction, with auxin playing an important role in plant growth and development. This discovery provides a new perspective for revealing the genetic law of single fruit weight in peach.
Correction: Laorpipat et al. Attitude of Thai Dental Practitioners towards the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Dentistry. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1878
Authors: Laorpipat Sasi , Fuangtharnthip Pornpoj , Yuma Suraphong , Tantipoj Chanita
Published: December 2023

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Location Planning of Emergency Medical Facilities Using the p-Dispersed-Median Modeling Approach
Authors: Oh Changwha , Chun Yongwan , Kim Hyun
Published: December 2023

This research employs a spatial optimization approach customized for addressing equitable emergency medical facility location problems through the p-dispersed-median problem (p-DIME). The p-DIME integrates two conflicting classes of spatial optimization problems, dispersion and median problems, aiming to identify the optimal locations for emergency medical facilities to achieve an equitable spatial distribution of emergency medical services (EMS) while effectively serving demand. To demonstrate the utility of the p-DIME model, we selected Gyeongsangbuk-do in South Korea, recognized as one of the most challenging areas for providing EMS to the elderly population (aged 65 and over). This challenge arises from the significant spatial disparity in the distribution of emergency medical facilities. The results of the model assessment gauge the spatial disparity of EMS, provide significantly enhanced solutions for a more equitable EMS distribution in terms of service coverage, and offer policy implications for future EMS location planning. In addition, to address the computational challenges posed by p-DIME’s inherent complexity, involving mixed-integer programming, this study introduces a solution technique through constraint formulations aimed at tightening the lower bounds of the problem’s solution space. The computational results confirm the effectiveness of this approach in ensuring reliable computational performance, with significant reductions in solution times, while still producing optimal solutions.
Visibility-Based R-Tree Spatial Index for Consistent Visualization in Indoor and Outdoor Scenes
Authors: Li Chengpeng , Kuai Xi , He Biao , Zhao Zhigang , Lin Haojia , Zhu Wei , Liu Yu , Guo Renzhong
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: The smart city management system, with GIS technology as its core, is based on realistic visualization of multiple types of 3D model data syntheses. However, the efficiency barriers to achieving smooth and continuous visualization from outdoor scenes to small indoor scenes remain a challenge. (2) Methods: This paper uses the visibility prediction method to obtain potential visual sets at three levels—outdoor, indoor and outdoor connection, and indoor—and constructs an R-tree spatial index structure for organizing potential visual sets. By integrating these potential visible sets with spatial indexes, scene visualization can be carried out effectively. (3) Results: A near-reality indoor and outdoor scene was used for experimentation, resulting in stable 10% fluctuation visual frame rates around 90 FPS. (4) Conclusions: Spatial indexing methods that combine potential visible sets can effectively solve the continuity and stability problem of indoor and outdoor scene visualization in smart city management systems.