bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a conceptual framework for defining trial efficiency
Authors: Xie Charis Xuan , De Simoni Anna , Eldridge Sandra , Pinnock Hilary , Relton Clare
Published: May 2024

Background

Globally, there is a growing focus on efficient trials, yet numerous interpretations have emerged, suggesting a significant heterogeneity in understanding “efficiency” within the trial context. Therefore in this study, we aimed to dissect the multifaceted nature of trial efficiency by establishing a comprehensive conceptual framework for its definition.

Objectives

To collate diverse perspectives regarding trial efficiency and to achieve consensus on a conceptual framework for defining trial efficiency.

Methods

From July 2022 to July 2023, we undertook a literature review to identify various terms that have been used to define trial efficiency. We then conducted a modified e-Delphi study, comprising an exploratory open round and a subsequent scoring round to refine and validate the identified items. We recruited a wide range of experts in the global trial community including trialists, funders, sponsors, journal editors and members of the public. Consensus was defined as items rated “without disagreement”, measured by the inter-percentile range adjusted for symmetry through the UCLA/RAND approach.

Results

Seventy-eight studies were identified from a literature review, from which we extracted nine terms related to trial efficiency. We then used review findings as exemplars in the Delphi open round. Forty-nine international experts were recruited to the e-Delphi panel. Open round responses resulted in the refinement of the initial nine terms, which were consequently included in the scoring round. We obtained consensus on all nine items: 1) four constructs that collectively define trial efficiency containing scientific efficiency, operational efficiency, statistical efficiency and economic efficiency; and 2) five essential building blocks for efficient trial comprising trial design, trial process, infrastructure, superstructure, and stakeholders.

Conclusions

This is the first attempt to dissect the concept of trial efficiency into theoretical constructs. Having an agreed definition will allow better trial implementation and facilitate effective communication and decision-making across stakeholders. We also identified essential building blocks that are the cornerstones of an efficient trial. In this pursuit of understanding, we are not only unravelling the complexities of trial efficiency but also laying the groundwork for evaluating the efficiency of an individual trial or a trial system in the future.
Variation in benefit among patients with serious mental illness who receive integrated psychiatric and primary care
Authors: Young Alexander S. , Skela Jessica , Chang Evelyn T. , Oberman Rebecca , Siddarth Prabha
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The population with serious mental illness has high risk for hospitalization or death due to unhealthy behaviors and inadequate medical care, though the level of risk varies substantially. Programs that integrate medical and psychiatric services improve outcomes but are challenging to implement and access is limited. It would be useful to know whether benefits are confined to patients with specific levels of risk.

Methods

In a population with serious mental illness and increased risk for hospitalization or death, a specialized medical home integrated services and improved treatment and outcomes. Treatment quality, chronic illness care, care experience, symptoms, and quality of life were assessed for a median of 385 days. Analyses examine whether improvements varied by baseline level of patient risk.

Results

Patients with greater risk were more likely to be older, more cognitively impaired, and have worse mental health. Integrated services increased appropriate screening for body mass index, lipids, and glucose, but increases did not differ significantly by level of risk. Integrated services also improved chronic illness care, care experience, mental health-related quality of life, and psychotic symptoms. There were also no significant differences by risk level.

Conclusions

There were benefits from integration of primary care and psychiatric care at all levels of increased risk, including those with extremely high risk above the 95thpercentile. When developing integrated care programs, patients should be considered at all levels of risk, not only those who are the healthiest.
Opening the dialogue: A preliminary exploration of hair color, hair cleanliness, light, and motion effects on fNIRS signal quality
Authors: Holmes Mitchell , Aalto Daniel , Cummine Jacqueline
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising tool for studying brain activity, offering advantages such as portability and affordability. However, challenges in data collection persist due to factors like participant physiology, environmental light, and gross-motor movements, with limited literature on their impact on fNIRS signal quality. This study addresses four potentially influential factors–hair color, hair cleanliness, environmental light, and gross-motor movements–on fNIRS signal quality. Our aim is to raise awareness and offer insights for future fNIRS research.

Methods

Six participants (4 Females, 2 Males) took part in four different experiments investigating the effects of hair color, hair cleanliness, environmental light, and gross-motor movements on fNIRS signal quality. Participants in Experiment 1, categorized by hair color, completed a finger-tapping task in a between-subjects block design. Signal quality was compared between each hair color. Participants in Experiments 2 and 3 completed a finger-tapping task in a within-subjects block design, with signal quality being compared across hair cleanliness (i.e., five consecutive days without washing the hair) and environmental light (i.e., sunlight, artificial light, no light, etc.), respectively. Experiment 4 assessed three gross-motor movements (i.e., walking, turning and nodding the head) in a within-subjects block design. Motor movements were then compared to resting blocks. Signal quality was evaluated using Scalp Coupling Index (SCI) measurements.

Results

Lighter hair produced better signals than dark hair, while the impact of environmental light remains uncertain. Hair cleanliness showed no significant effects, but gross motor movements notably reduced signal quality.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that hair color, environmental light, and gross-motor movements affect fNIRS signal quality while hair cleanliness does not. Nevertheless, future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to fully understand these effects. To advance future research, comprehensive documentation of participant demographics and lab conditions, along with signal quality analyses, is essential.
Hard Wired VIII: Methodical Approaches to Music and Dance: Exploring the Field of Heavy Metal and Its Genre Boundaries, hosted by Florian Heesch, Daniel Suer and Franziska Kaufmann, University of Siegen, Siegen, 8–9 September 20221
Authors: Jung Lea , Suer Daniel
Published: May 2024

The report provides an account of the motivation for hosting a conference on dance in metal before briefly summarizing contributions along the lines of genre-related and methodological questions. It further highlights a dance workshop as part of the conference and reflects on its benefits for the conference format as an academic event that focuses on talks as the primary mode of communicating and negotiating knowledge.
Putting transgression into context within the complex Saudi heavy metal scene
Authors: Eckerström Pasqualina
Published: May 2024

After the 1979 seizure of the Mecca Grand Mosque by local radicals, the Saudi authorities banned entertainment for four decades to appease clerics and to silence artists, including musicians. As a result, heavy metal music in Saudi Arabia has primarily been created and played in secret. Vision 2030 brings entertainment to the public Saudi stage, including metal music, but limitations exist. In most secular countries, extreme heavy metal is no longer seen as transgressive due to shifts in societal norms and freedom of expression, suggesting transgression can be contextual. This study investigates Saudi metal artists’ interpretations of transgression and resistance, considering the social changes in the Saudi Kingdom. Saudi metalheads play a complex role within a genre that is often associated with a transgressive approach to politics and religion. In the midst of a rapidly evolving new paradigm, musicians and fans strive to carve out a place for themselves and their music.
Microstructure, Geometry and Hydrogeology of the fracture network of the Boda Claystone Formation
Authors: Tóth Emese
Published: May 2024

Jelen értekezés a Bodai Agyagkő Formáció (BAF) töréses szerkezeti elemeit vizsgálja igen széles vizsgálati tartományban. A tanulmány fő célja töréshálózat geometriájának és hidrodinamikai tulajdonságainak, valamint a repedésrendszer tulajdonságainak térbeli kiterjeszthetőségének meghatározása két fúrás alapján. Dolgozatomban a nyírási zónákban található szigmoidális erek petrográfiai vizsgálata vékonycsiszolatokon történt. A nyírási zónák térfogat- és sűrűségváltozását az erek geometriája alapján, izokon-módszerrel és mikro-komputertomográfiával elemeztem. A töréshálózat geometriáját diszkrét törésekből felépülő töréshálózat modellezési módszerrel vizsgáltam, míg hidrológiai tulajdonságait az áramlási zóna indikátorral jellemeztem. Ez a mutató a porozitás és permeabilitás alapján hidraulikus áramlási egységeket jelöl ki. A töréshálózat és a lyukgeofizikai szelvények kapcsolatát többszörös lineáris regressziós analízissel vizsgáltam. Petrográfiai megfigyelések alapján a BAF-ban található szigmoidális hasadékok „pennant” erekként értelmezhetők, amelyek kialakulását Riedel konjugált törések okozták. A nyírási zónákban az érképződés ellenére 5-8%-os térfogatcsökkenés ment végbe. A töréshálózati modellezés alapján a BAF–2 fúrásban öt töréshálózati geometria különböztethető meg. Némely modellben a töréshálózat kommunikáló rendszert alkot a fúrás teljes hosszában, míg más esetekben egymással nem kommunikáló alrendszerekre bomlik 100, 400 vagy 700 m mélységben. A törésrendszer hét hidraulikai egységre bontható, amelyek határai egybeesnek a töréshálózat konnektivitása alapján kijelölt határokkal. A fúrás felső 100 méterében a kőzet hidrológiai tulajdonságait a mállás befolyásolta. A fúrás által harántolt kőzetoszlop a töréshálózat tulajdonságai alapján két, egymástól igen eltérő szakaszra osztható fel, amelyek között 400 m-es mélységben egy vető található. A képződmény hidrológiai tulajdonságai 700 méteren a finomszemű homokkő rétegek befolyásolták. Többszörös lineáris regressziós analízis alapján a BAF töréssűrűsége megbecsülhető a sűrűség és ellenállás szelvények alapján. A regressziós egyenlet alkalmazásával az akusztikus lyukfaltelevíziós adatokkal nem rendelkező fúrásokban is becsülhető a töréssűrűség.
CHROMATOMASS SPECTROMETRIC STUDY OF LEAVES OF RUBUS IDAEUS L. AND SORBUS AUCUPARIA L. SOUTH OF THE TOMSK REGION
Authors: Serebrennikova Olga Viktorovna , Strelnikova Eugenia Borisovna , Russkikh Irina Vladimirovna
Published: May 2024

The features of the distribution of fat-soluble organic compounds in the leaves of deciduous shrubs Rubus idaeus and Sorbus aucuparia growing in identical weather conditions in mixed and pine forests of the southern taiga of Western Siberia are shown. The composition of n-alkanes, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, n-aldehydes, n-alkane-2-ones, n-alkanols, acyclic isoprenoids, steroids and pentacyclic triterpenoids was studied by chromatomass spectrometry. It was found that the microclimate of pine forest and mixed forest influences the composition of organic compounds in the leaves of single-species plants. In a mixed forest, among acyclic compounds, the total proportion of n-alkanes and the relative content of high-molecular homologues of n-alkanes, n-aldehydes and n-alkane-2-ones in rowan and raspberry leaves were increased. The composition of steroids is dominated by sitosterol, while in the bushes of mixed forest, unlike pine forest, there is a higher proportion of keto-substituted stigmast-4-en-3-one and the hydrocarbon stigmast-3,5-diene. Pine raspberries are distinguished by the presence of cholesterol, lanosterol and lanost-8-en-3-one, an increased content of cycloartenol. The leaves of ash among the pentacyclic triterpenoids identified a- and β-amerins, and the leaves of the raspberry a-, β- and d-amerins, among which in the pine forest increased the proportion a- amerin, and in the mixed forest – d-amerin. Raspberry leaves are dominated by neolup-12-en-3-ol, whereas in the leaves of mountain ash of mixed forest – lupeol, and pine forest – presumably 28-norneogop-18-en-3-ol. It is shown that the distribution of fat-soluble compounds depends not only on the type of plant, but also on the conditions of its growth, which must be taken into account when planning the practical use of plant raw materials.
MACRO- AND MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION OF THE HERB AND ROOTS OF HAPLOPHYLLUM DAURICUM (L.) G. DON.
Authors: Polonova Anastasia Vasilievna , Zhigzhitzhapova Svetlana Vasilievna , Saryg-ool Bagai-ool , Gustaytis Maria Alekseevna , Tykheev Zhargal , Chimitov Daba Gambotsyrenovich , Taraskin Vasily Vladimirovich
Published: May 2024

Haplophyllum dauricum is a rich source of lignans with antitumor activity. It has been actively used in the practice of Traditional medicine. In addition to lignans, the chemical composition of the species is represented by coumarins, flavonoids, alkaloids and essential oils. However, the composition of the elements of the species, which are necessary for the development of quality criteria of medicinal plants, has not been studied before. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to study the content of macro- and microelements in the aboveground and underground parts of Haplophyllum dauricum of the flora of Buryatia and Transbaikal territory.
The content of the following elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry: Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Te, Ba and Pb. The content of Hg was determined by the "cold steam" method using an atomic absorption analyzer. According to the obtained data, Haplophyllum dauricum is a rich source of calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus, which were dominant. Among the microelements, iron and titanium were in highest concentration, which were accumulated mainly in the underground part of the plant. The content of heavy metals did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration established by the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.
Arts-based research: Participatory research methods for sustainability ‐ toolkit #9
Authors: Ingram Mrill
Published: May 2024

Arts-based research encompasses a broad range of creative methods and frameworks across artistic mediums such as music, dance, poetry, fiction, and storytelling, as well as video, photography, and other visual arts. Creative research provides for opportunities to explore meaning, ritual,
symbolism, and the visceral, sensory, embodied, and affective elements of experience, as they represent valid ways of knowing.
Artificial Intelligence in a degrowth context: A conviviality perspective on machine learning
Authors: Meyers Marion
Published: May 2024

The degrowth movement lacks a concrete vision for technology, thereby disregarding a crucial aspect of the green growth narrative. This paper helps fill this gap by exploring the compatibility of Artificial Intelligence with a degrowth-related concept: convivial tools ‐ tools
that promote autonomy, creativity, and relationships among humans and with nature.Degrowth has emerged as a strong voice against the green growth narrative. However, it has so far left largely unshaped its vision for technology, thereby overlooking a pivotal element of the green growth
narrative. This article contributes to filling this gap by analyzing the appropriateness of a digital technology, Artificial Intelligence, to a degrowth context. It does so through the angle of conviviality, a concept introduced by Ivan Illich and frequently used by degrowth scholars, which
states that convivial tools should foster autonomy, creativity, and relationships among humans and with nature. This paper specifically applies Vetter’s Matrix of Convivial Technology to an application of machine learning with potential environmental benefits: predictive maintenance
‐ a proactive maintenance technique based on real-time sensor monitoring. Three key limitations to its conviviality are identified: 1. the high complexity of machine learning, 2. its environmental impacts, and 3. the size of the infrastructure it relies on. These limitations prompt
critical reflections on the appropriateness of machine learning (as a part of Artificial Intelligence) to degrowth but also act as inspirations for reshaping the technology towards more conviviality.
Synergien zwischen Biodiversitäts-und Klimaschutz für mehr Nachhaltigkeit und Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Wallimann-Helmer Ivo , Spehn Eva
Published: May 2024

Beim Biodiversitäts- und Klimaschutz ergeben sich wichtige Synergien, die zugleich der Überwindung von Umweltungerechtigkeiten dienen können. Das ist die wichtigste Erkenntnis aus der saguf-Jahrestagung 2023 zum Thema Umweltgerechtigkeit.
Landwirtschaft und Klimaskepsis in populistischen Zeiten
Authors: Reusswig Fritz
Published: May 2024

Welche Rolle spielen sozio-demografische und lokale Umweltfaktoren für die Klimawandelwahrnehmung? Der hier besprochene Artikel von Landwehr et al. stellt interdisziplinäre Befunde zu dieser Frage vor, die besonders mit Blick auf die Gruppe der Landwirt(inn)e(n) interessant
sind. Die Befunde werfen aber auch Fragen zum Abstraktionsgrad der Klimawahrnehmung, der Rigidität sozialer Identität, der Rolle der Medien und der Zielgruppenstrategie auf. Im Kontext der jüngsten ,,Bauernproteste“ und populistischer Narrative folgert der Autor dieser
Reaktion, dass in künftigen interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekten zur Klimawahrnehmung auch politische Variablen und die Relevanz populistischer Diskurse untersucht werden sollten.What role do socio-demographic and local environmental factors play in the perception of climate
change? The article of Landwehr et al. to be discussed here presents interdisciplinary findings on this question, which are particularly interesting regarding the group of farmers. However, the findings also raise questions about the degree of abstraction of climate perception, the rigidity
of social identity, the role of the media and the strategy of targeting. In the context of recent “farmer protests” and populist narratives, the author of this response concludes that future interdisciplinary research projects on climate perceptions should also analyse political
variables and the relevance of populist discourses.
Upaya Menghadapi Kejahatan Terhadap Sistem Keamanan Perbankan Indonesia Di Era Cyberspace
Authors: Sari Clara Mega Kharisma
Published: May 2024

In this Cyberspace Era, the system of life in society, both Indonesian and world, has changed a lot, this can have a complete impact on people's lives, both in the form of positive and negative impacts. Along with the development of the cyber world, this is directly proportional to crime in the banking sector, these crimes are related to the banking security system. There are many crimes against the banking security system including carding crimes "credit card fraud", ATM or EDC "skimming", hacking, cracking, phishing "internet banking fraud", malware "virus/worm/trojan/bots", cybersquatting, pornography, gambling online, transnational crime “drug trafficking, mafia, terrorism, money laundering, human trafficking, underground economy”. From these various crimes, to prevent crimes against the banking security system, the government can carry out various efforts, including efforts related to banking security system policies and various efforts that can be made, such as various narratives and outreach to the public. Apart from the government, banks and the public must also implement principles related to banking system security. This research uses a normative juridical method, namely an approach based on the main legal material by examining theories, concepts and principles related to the banking security system. In order to achieve a good banking security system, cooperation between the government, the bank and the community is required.
Open Data and Composite Procedures: Strengthen the Quality and the Effectiveness of Administrative Activity
Authors: Monica Alessia
Published: May 2024

Open data allows new experiments in administration, both in terms of activities and organisation. In terms of composite procedures, open data can serve many public interests in new ways, leading to faster and more accurate decision-making (already at the preparatory level), while it remains difficult to ensure effective judicial protection for individuals in shared administration between the EU and the Member States. In this context, procedural guarantees at the decision-making stage should not be neglected, even more if we consider the EU public administration as a platform, offering data as services, exchanging information and data, cooperating, and competing with public and private actors. Relying on the power of data, however, requires resilient rules, based on EU principles as to assure the rule of law, and able to cope with the challenges of the digital transition, as to ensure the “effectiveness” of administrative activities implementing EU law in each Member State.
Automated Administrative Decision-Making: What is the Black Box Hiding?
Authors: Nešpor Jan
Published: May 2024

The exploration of the “black box” phenomenon underscores opacity challenges in automated administrative decision-making systems, prompting a discussion on the paradox of transparency. Advocating for the concept of “qualified transparency”, the article aims to navigate the delicate balance between understanding and safeguarding sensitive information. Ethical imperatives, including respect for human autonomy, harm prevention, fairness, and explicability, are considered, culminating in recommendations for human participation, ethicality or accountability by design considerations, and the implementation of regulatory sandboxes to test such models prior to broad integration. Ultimately, the article advocates for a comprehensive discourse on transitioning from a human-centric to an automated public administration model, acknowledging the complexity and potential risks involved.
Blast protection of underwater tunnels with 3D auxetic materials
Authors: Zhang Shuwen , Fan Tao
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the risk of blast attacks on underwater tunnels, important transportation routes, has increased due to the growing prevalence of vicious regional conflicts and global terrorist activities. In this work, we investigate the blast impact behavior of underwater tunnels filled with honeycomb core and covered by solid panels. The core is composed of 3D auxetic materials with high energy absorption compared to conventional honeycombs. In order to improve the stiffness of the auxetic structures, a pair of crossed rods is introduce to each cell. The relative densities of 3D auxetic structures are derived theoretically. The coupling effects of the geometrical parameters on the relative density are investigated. Then the deformation patterns of the underwater tunnels at different blast heights are analyzed. The kinetic energy and absorbed energy are discussed for tunnels with 3D auxetic materials and solid materials. Results show that tunnels composed with 3D reinforced auxetic structures can absorb much more energy than solid ones. Moreover, localized damage is observed which means greater chance of survival and smaller repairs after extreme impact. Finally, a stiffness-improved 3D reinforced auxetic structure is presented to enhance the tunnel’s strength and stability further.
A new distributionally robust reward-risk model for portfolio optimization
Authors: Zhou Yijia , Xu Lijun
Published: May 2024

A new distributionally robust ratio optimization model is proposed under the known first and second moments of the uncertain distributions. In this article, both standard deviation (SD) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) are used to measure the risk, avoiding both fat-tail and volatility. The new model can be reduced to a simple distributionally robust model under assumptions on the measurements of reward, CVaR and SD. Furthermore, it can be rewritten as a tractable semi-definite programming problem by the duality theorem under partially known information of the uncertain parameters. Finally, the model is tested on portfolio problems and verified from numerical results that it can give a reasonable decision under only the first and second moments.
Relationships between the development of numerical abilities and phonological awareness in young age
Authors: Györkő Enikő , Gyimes István László
Published: May 2024

Background: Previous neuropsychological studies pointed out that amongst the various cognitive skills leading towards the development numeracy; language skills may have an important, while mostly overlooked role. Out of the numerous languageskills, phonetic awareness seems to aid the development of arithmetic skills. Aims: This research aims to explore the relationship between phonetic awareness and the development of numerical skills in young children.Methods: In this research, children aged 5-6-7-year-old (who were still in kindergarten) were included. We measured their numerical skills using Number Sense Screener and their phonemic awareness using in study.Results: Regression analysis showed a linear relationship between phonemic awareness and arithmetic skills in children at 6 and 7 years old.Conclusion: Our results indicate a link between the development of phonemic and arithmetic skills. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that the development of these aforementioned skills can predict success in later educational performance.
EXPLORANDO LAS TENDENCIAS Y TÁCTICAS DE CONTROL EN INTERNET: UN ANÁLISIS GLOBAL DE LOS BLOQUEOS Y CENSURA EN REDES SOCIALES
Authors: Conde Manuel Antonio
Published: May 2024

Introducción: La investigación se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de examinar las prácticas de control implementadas por diferentes entidades y gobiernos en el ámbito de la red. Se buscaba comprender cómo estas acciones afectaban a la libertad de expresión, el acceso a la información y la privacidad en línea. Metodología: La investigación incluyó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura y de fuentes especializadas en el campo de la censura en internet. Se utilizaron bases de datos junto con motores de búsqueda especializados. Se aplicaron términos de búsqueda específicos para recopilar datos relevantes sobre la censura en países y redes sociales particulares. Además, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda minuciosa en los principales medios de comunicación europeos para contrastar y ampliar la información recopilada. Resultados: Los resultados de la investigación revelaron una variedad de prácticas de control y censura en internet, que incluían bloqueo de sitios web, filtrado de contenido, vigilancia masiva y restricciones al acceso a la información. Se identificaron patrones comunes en diferentes regiones del mundo, así como diferencias significativas en las estrategias utilizadas por diferentes actores, como gobiernos, empresas privadas y grupos de presión. Conclusiones: El control y la censura en internet representan una amenaza significativa para los derechos digitales y la libertad de expresión en línea. Si bien algunas medidas pueden estar justificadas en nombre de la seguridad nacional o la protección de los usuarios, muchas de estas prácticas carecen de transparencia, son arbitrarias y pueden ser utilizadas para reprimir la disidencia y el pensamiento crítico.
Influence of annealing temperature on nano crystalline description for CuZnS thin films
Authors:   Department of physics, College of Education For Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Soud A. J. , Al-Maiyaly Bushra K. H. ,   Department of physics, College of Education For Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: May 2024

Copper Zinc Sulphide (Cu0.5Zn0.5S) alloy and thin films were fabricated in a vacuum. Nano crystallized (CZS) film with thick 450±20 nm was deposit at substrates glasses using thermal evaporation technique below ~ 2 × 10− 5 mbar vacuum to investigated the films structural, morphological and optical properties depended on annealing temperatures ( as-deposited, 423, 523 and 623) K for one hour. The influences annealed temperature on structurally besides morphologically characteristics on these films were investigated using XRD and AFM respectively. XRD confirms the formation a mixed hexagonal phase of CuS-ZnS in (102) direction with polycrystalline in nature having very fine crystallites size varying from (5.5-13.09) nm. AFM analysis shows the uniform distribution of closely packed grains, grain size for that film diverge on ranges as of (52.37 to 89.25) nm after annealed. The optical properties of all films prepared had been examined for the wavelength range 400 - 1000 nm using UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer. The band gaps of (Cu0.5Zn0.5S) films are obtained in the range of 2.4 to 1.9 eV, which makes it a suitable absorber as well as buffer/window layer for solar cell applications.
Mechanical, magnetic, and electronic characteristics of Sm-based chalcogenides for spintronics and device applications
Authors:   Department of Physics, RIPHAH International University, Campus Lahore, Pakistan, Noor N. A. , Nasrullah F. ,   Department of Physics, RIPHAH International University, Campus Lahore, Pakistan, Moussa Ihab M. ,   Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia, Mumtaz S. ,   Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
Published: May 2024

To comprehend the mechanical, electronic, and magnetic properties of chalcogenides HgSm2S/Se4, a DFT-oriented thorough investigation is carried out. The elastic constants and spin-dependent electrical characteristics are determined by using the PBEsol-GGA functional and (mBJ) potential correspondingly. Through optimization, a sufficient amount of energy is discharged by the FM state as compared to nonmagnetic states. By investigating Born stability criteria and formation energy, the structural stabilities of both spinels are verified. The calculated Poisson's and Pugh's ratios showed that both spinels are ductile. The estimation of Curie temperature has supported the existence of a ferromagnetic nature at room temperature. Moreover, the presence of ferromagnetism in both spinels is confirmed by spin-oriented electrical characteristics, owing to the coupling between component states associated with Sm and S/Se.
Investigating the impact of MASnBr3 absorbent layer thickness on FTO/TiO2/MASnBr3/CuI perovskite solar cells characteristics
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Education for Women, University of Kirkuk, Iraq, Mohammed T. A. , Aziz M. W. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education for Women, University of Kirkuk, Iraq, Hamed H. W. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education for Women, University of Kirkuk, Iraq, Rzaij J. M. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
Published: May 2024

This work involved designing a solar cell with layers of fluorine-doped tin oxide, titanium dioxide, methylammonium tin bromide, and cuprous iodide. The impact of absorbent layer thicknesses ranging from 0.2 μm to 2.5 μm on developed PSC properties was examined. The thickness of the absorption layer that performs the optimally is discovered to be 0.2 μm. The synthetic solar cell provided an open circuit voltage of 1.07 V, a short circuit current of 34.356 mA/cm2 , an efficiency of 30.68%, and a fill factor of 83.404 at an optimal thickness of 0.2 μm. The findings proved the developed PSC's cost-effectiveness, increased environmental sustainability, and robustness compared to traditional counterparts.
Preparation and performance study of environmentally friendly and durable kaolin/PDMS/cotton fabrics superhydrophobic surface
Authors:   College of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China, Hou K. K. , Meng Y. W. ,   College of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China, Liu D. Q. ,   College of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China, Zhu X. D. ,   College of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China, Yun Y. B. ,   College of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China
Published: May 2024

In this research work, a fluorine-free, durable, and excellent self-cleaning and oil-water separation performance kaolin/polydimethylsiloxane/cotton fabrics (Kaolin/PDMS/cotton) superhydrophobic surface was successfully prepared. The morphology, wettability, and phase composition of the coating were characterized and tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic contact angle measuring instrument, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results showed that the organic composite of hydrophobic modified kaolin particles and cotton fabrics was successfully achieved through the bridging effect of PDMS. A dense superhydrophobic micro-nano structure coating was constructed on the surface of cotton fibers, and the tested performance was excellent. Has good local anti-pollution performance for common coffee, Coca-Cola, dyeing water, and simulated dust; After being worn for a distance of 1200 centimeters under a load of 10KPa, the contact angle with water remained above 150°, indicating excellent durability of the coating; In addition, kaolin/PDMS/cotton also exhibited good oil/water separation performance. After 15 cycles of oil-water separation tests, the separation efficiency for gasoline and dichloromethane both exceeded 96%.
MODELING OPTIMIZATION TASKS IN IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Ivchenko I. Yu. , Mykheliev I. L. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Farionova T. A. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Knyrik N. R. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Marshak O. I. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The article focuses on exploring mathematical models for optimizing business processes in project management within IT companies in the context of contemporary trends and challenges. Project management involves the process of guiding and coordinating people's activities, as well as managing material and financial resources throughout the project's lifecycle. This process encompasses applying modern management methods and techniques to achieve project goals. The dynamic allocation modeling of IT projects among teams to ensure high-quality development at maximum efficiency with minimal costs is a pertinent task in IT project management. The article's objective is to select a mathematical framework for decision-making regarding the optimal IT project management program to enhance the efficiency of each IT team and the entire IT company. The research involved an analysis of scientific literature on modeling project management in IT companies. The article proposes focusing on developing dynamic multi-criteria optimization models for human resource management, emphasizing the distribution of IT projects among executing teams. The research aims to elevate the strategic and operational levels of IT personnel management to achieve optimal outcomes in information technology. The analysis concludes that despite the advantages of various mathematical modeling methods, none of them in isolation allows for constructing a sufficiently detailed mathematical model. Methods and models addressing IT enterprise modeling problems may oversimplify the issue or, conversely, overly complicate it, complicating the selection of input data. The functioning of the IT enterprise was analyzed through the lens of external and internal indicators concerning the solved task. A verbal model of IT project distribution among teams, considering the time factor, was developed. This model formulated a system of basic concepts and ideas, allowing the dynamic formulation of the problem using widely accepted linear optimization models. This will facilitate finding optimal solutions for IT project distribution tasks over a specific period. Future research should focus on selecting a solution method for the model and implementing the constructed mathematical model using appropriate tools. The research findings presented can serve as a basis for further academic exploration and practical application in the field of IT project management. Keywords: modeling, optimization, business processes, project management, labor resources, IT projects.
DEVELOPMENT OF A POWER SUPPLY CONTROL SYSTEM IN CONDITIONS OF POWER LIMITATION
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Kostynchuk O. V. , Zyma I. V. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The article considers the problem of efficient distribution of electricity under conditions of limited production capacity. The specifics of production and energy consumption of various industries and classes of consumers are studied, which allows taking into account their needs and ensuring optimal distribution of electricity. Over the past decades, there has been an increase in demand for electricity in industry, the economy and the population. At the same time, existing sources of electricity generation may be limited in capacity, which leads to a situation where insufficient power cannot satisfy all consumer needs. The article presents an analysis of various methods of power supply management, including traditional and innovative approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, and the author proposes his own control system that combines the best aspects of different approaches. The main results of the study are the development of an efficient power supply management system that ensures optimal distribution of electricity among different categories of consumers. The use of this system will reduce electricity losses and ensure a stable electricity supply for all consumers. In today's environment of technological development and growing electricity consumption, there is an urgent problem of optimising the management of limited sources of electricity supply to different categories of consumers. Solving this problem will help to increase the reliability and efficiency of electricity supply, as well as ensure the balanced operation of the system of conditionally limited electricity sources in the face of diverse consumer needs. Further research could consider the possibility of implementing the proposed power supply management system in practice and evaluate its effectiveness. Additional research can also be conducted on the impact of various factors, such as changes in electricity demand or increased production capacity, on the operation of the control system. Overall, this paper is an important contribution to the development of power management systems. It proposes a new approach to electricity distribution that allows for optimal resource utilisation and reduces energy losses. The results of the study may be useful for energy specialists and developers of power supply management systems. Keywords: autonomous power supplies, uninterrupted power supply, optimisation of energy consumption, renewable energy sources, power supply control system.
Form of Magic Words in The Process of Language Acquisition for Children Aged 2-4 Years
Authors: Reistanti Agustina Putri , Fawziyyah Safynatul , Ayuningtyas Septian
Published: May 2024

This research aims to describe the early childhood language acquisition process at KB Aisyiyah 1 Balun, Cepu District, Blora Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Two research subjects were taken in each group, so there were six research subjects. The data collection method used several techniques, namely observation, listening, recording, and note-taking. The research results show that children can achieve language competence at the phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics levels. Language acquisition results in phonology show that the phonemes /r//l/ sound faint. Phoneme decay is the melting of phonemes due to morphological processes. The /l/ phoneme decays when the/y/phoneme's sound changes to the /l/ phoneme. The results of language processing in the field of morphology are that children aged two years have just mastered the basic morphemes that are pronounced even though the pronunciation is not yet clear.
Meanwhile, many sulfides (- kan ) are found in children aged four years. Early childhood language acquisition in the area of syntax identified phrase errors, children's composition of first language sentences was mixed up, and sentence structures were adequate, although sometimes grammatically, sometimes inverted. Meanwhile, language acquisition at the semantic level tends to use denotative Meaning in every utterance.
Understanding The Vietnamese Child’s Authoring of The Self Through Multimodal Stories
Authors: Pham Hoa , Pham Thu
Published: May 2024

Guided by Bakhtin's theory of dialogism, we understand that children's identities emerge from an open-ended process in which they articulate external resources and integrate them into their ideas to author themselves. This qualitative study draws on Bakhtin's theory of dialogism and a semiotic lens of multimodality to discuss how Linh, a Vietnamese four-year-and-half girl, authored herself in her multimodal stories across home and preschool. Linh's stories were gathered through close observation and were analyzed in connection with her parents’ and teachers’ narratives. Two narrative chains of her stories were chosen to describe how the child articulated adults’ utterances and cultural resources via her multimodal language to express her emergent identities. Findings initiate early childhood education (ECE) teachers and researchers to see children’s stories and identities in ongoingness and attend to the fluidity within children’s ECE settings, homes, and cultures.
Cold exposure increases circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 in the evening in males and females
Authors: Hoekx Carlijn A , Martinez-Tellez Borja , Straat Maaike E , Verkleij Magdalena M A , Kemmeren Mirjam , Kooijman Sander , Uhrbom Martin , de Jager Saskia C A , Rensen Patrick C N , Boon Mariëtte R
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Cold exposure is linked to cardiometabolic benefits. Cold activates brown adipose tissue (BAT), increases energy expenditure, and induces secretion of the hormones fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). The cold-induced increase in energy expenditure exhibits a diurnal rhythm in men. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of cold exposure on serum FGF21 and GDF15 levels in humans and whether cold-induced changes in FGF21 and GDF15 levels differ between morning and evening in males and females.

Method

In this randomized cross-over study, serum FGF21 and GDF15 levels were measured in healthy lean males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) before, during, and after 90 min of stable cold exposure in the morning (07:45 h) and evening (19:45 h) with a 1-day washout period in between.

Results

Cold exposure increased FGF21 levels in the evening compared to the morning both in males (+61% vs −13%; P < 0.001) and in females (+58% vs +8%; P < 0.001). In contrast, cold exposure did not significantly modify serum GDF15 levels, and no diurnal variation was found. Changes in FGF21 and GDF15 levels did not correlate with changes in cold-induced energy expenditure in the morning and evening.

Conclusion

Cold exposure increased serum FGF21 levels in the evening, but not in the morning, in both males and females. GDF15 levels were not affected by cold exposure. Thus, this study suggests that the timing of cold exposure may influence cold-induced changes in FGF21 levels but not GDF15 levels and seems to be independent of changes in energy expenditure.
Ignition of Methane–Carbon Oxide Mixtures
Authors: Трошин К.Я. , Беляев А.А. , Арутюнов А.В. , Арутюнов В.С.
Published: May 2024

Экспериментальные исследования и кинетический анализ воспламенения в воздухе стехиометрических смесей метана с оксидом углерода в области температур ниже 1 000 K и давлений 1 ÷ 15 атм показали сложный характер влияния состава смеси, температуры и давления на задержку воспламенения. Для смесей с различным содержанием оксида углерода давление по-разному влияет на воспламенение, и значения эффективной энергии задержки воспламенения этих смесей сильно различаются, что указывает на серьезные изменения в механизме процесса при изменении всех указанных выше параметров. Наиболее очевидные изменения связаны с влиянием этих параметров на реакции образования и последующую кинетику гидропероксидных радикалов HO, в том числе роль их взаимодействия с оксидом углерода. Также нужно учитывать вклад высокоэкзотермических процессов с участием оксида углерода в тепловой баланс процесса воспламенения таких смесей. Информация о влиянии основных параметров на воспламенение смесей метана с оксидом углерода в области низких температур необходима для обеспечения безопасности технологических процессов получения и использования синтез-газа и водорода, эксплуатации угольных шахт, а также оптимизации детальных кинетических механизмов окисления легких углеводородов.

Experimental studies and kinetic analysis of ignition in air of stoichiometric mixtures of methane with carbon monoxide at temperatures below 1000 K and pressures of 1–15 atm showed the complex nature of the influence of mixture composition, temperature and pressure on the ignition delay. For mixtures with different carbon monoxide contents, pressure has different effects on ignition, and the values of the effective ignition delay energy of these mixtures are very different, indicating serious changes in the process mechanism when changing all the above parameters. The most obvious changes are associated with the influence of these parameters on the formation reactions and subsequent kinetics of hydroperoxide radicals HO, including the role of their interaction with carbon monoxide. It is also necessary to take into account the contribution of highly exothermic processes involving carbon monoxide to the heat balance of the ignition process of such mixtures. Information on the influence of the main parameters on the ignition of mixtures of methane with carbon monoxide at low temperatures is necessary to ensure the safety of technological processes for the production and use of synthesis gas and hydrogen, the operation of coal mines, as well as the optimization of detailed kinetic mechanisms of the oxidation of light hydrocarbons.