bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘The Stone Mother Revisited’: A female group analytic reflection on working within male low-secure forensic inpatient settings in the United Kingdom
Authors: Vosmer Susanne
Published: August 2018

This reflective account offers a female group analytic perspective on working with male inpatients within low-secure forensic settings. Viewed through the metaphor ‘Stone Mother’, I suggest that this setting is especially challenging for female group analysts because of its paternalistic matrix and the unflattering portrayal of women as ‘seductive temptress’ or ‘evil stepmothers’ in our inherited cultural foundation matrix. Females and female bodies therefore evoke distinct transferences and projections. In the sexual and gendered matrix of violence on the forensic male ward, these may be particularly malignant due to the aetiology and perpetuation of violence in a male-dominated world of power relations. Clinical vignettes are presented to demonstrate the many challenges female group analysts face in this setting. These are analysed through the lens of group analytic concepts and practice. Gender expectations are problematized. I shall suggest that therapy groups can instil a sense of belonging, acting as anti-shaming strategy and make a difference. However, due to the complexity of the sexual and gendered dynamic matrix of violence, violence cannot be treated in isolation on forensic wards by a predominantly female workforce. It must be addressed globally through dialogues in communities and beyond. Group analysis could take on this challenge.
Hyperinflation: Definitions and Causes
Authors: Saltiel Manny , Finnefrock Marvin
Published: August 2018

Hundreds of oral and injectable generic drugs have seen dramatic price increases during the 2010s. Several reasons for the astronomic price increases have been postulated, ranging from reduced competition, shortages in the manufacturing supply chain, very small markets, market consolidation, the Unapproved Drugs Initiative of 2006, and unanticipated manufacturing safety issues. In one survey, over 90% of hospital administrators reported that higher drug prices had a moderate or severe impact on their budgets. Whereas compounding pharmacies may present an effective solution to high drug prices, it is a potentially dangerous one, as the case of New England Compounding Center makes clear. The risks make a meticulous vetting process necessary.
What resource curse? The null effect of remittances on public good provision
Authors: Desierto Desiree A
Published: August 2018

Existing formal models show that remittances generate a resource curse by allowing the government to appropriate its revenues toward rents, rather than public good provision. Households spend their remittance income on public-good substitutes, thereby alleviating the pressure on the government to provide public goods. However, the process by which the government survives the implicit threat of political challengers remains unspecified. By explicitly modeling political competition, I show that there is actually no resource curse from remittances. When there are challengers who can threaten to replace the incumbent leader, the best that any challenger can do is to offer not to take advantage of households’ provision of public-good substitutes, which induces the incumbent to try to match the offer. In equilibrium, public good provision is independent of remittances. This result holds even when no challenger can credibly commit to maintaining her offer once she is in power.
Wrinkles in Time: Ageing Costume in Hindi Film
Authors: Wilkinson Clare M.
Published: August 2018

Today’s philosophy and practice of costume ageing, even in mainstream commercial Bollywood output, skews strongly towards an avowed ‘realism’. Consequently, accurate ageing and the subtle impressions of wear are valued in contrast to the ‘theatrical’ and ‘inauthentic’ ageing of most pre-1990s films (and some films still today). Designers argue that costume ageing has simply improved but this answer oversimplifies the complex narrative and organisational imperatives at stake. Older, more theatrical costume ageing, embedded within the melodramatic mode of expression, worked for its audience because of the explicit contrast it drew with costumes that were pristine. The distinction between new and aged costumes served many functions, among them the marking of vulnerable versus invulnerable bodies. Stars, dressed in new, unworn clothes, achieved their near mythic identifications in part because their costumes resisted the rigors of time and experience. In this past era, it was sufficient to pile on dirt and tear fabric to achieve effective ‘ageing’ as opposed to carefully mimicking how clothes actually age. This type of quick, crude ageing was both a consequence of—and a rationalisation for—scant time spent in costume ageing (and fabrication) in pre-production. New practices that strive for ‘realistic’ ageing thrive in expanded pre-production schedules. Alongside a resilient poetics of aged costume, ‘relaxed’ costumes lend texture to the film’s ‘lived world’. Now, the goal of ageing is to index the unseen time that characters have experienced outside the film’s temporal boundaries.
Implementation of Self-Directed Supports for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the United States
Authors: DeCarlo M. P. , Bogenschutz M. D. , Hall-Lande J. A. , Hewitt A. S.
Published: August 2018

Self-direction is an approach to human service delivery within long-term services and supports that aims to provide greater control for individuals with disabilities and their closest supporters. The purpose of this study was to understand the implementation of self-directed supports for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Researchers interviewed state developmental disabilities administrators in 34 of 42 states that currently operate self-directed service options and used qualitative analysis to arrive at a thematic map of the strengths and challenges currently experienced by state administrators. Common strengths identified by state administrators were increased opportunities for participant self-determination and improved relationships with support staff. Common challenges included restructuring case management relationships, as well as rulemaking and enforcement. Administrators’ suggestions for the future of self-direction focused on increasing program size and streamlining services using technology.
Engaging a Community Leader to Enhance Preparation for In-Depth Interviews With Community Members
Authors: Jimenez Manuel E. , Hudson Shawna V. , Lima Daniel , Crabtree Benjamin F.
Published: August 2018

In-depth interviews allow for rich exploration of stakeholders’ experiences. Preparation for in-depth interviews generally consists of literature reviews and researchers’ review of their own culture and understanding of a topic. We supplemented these strategies with serial “ethnographic interviews” with a single community leader to enhance our preparation for community-based in-depth interviews with Latina, immigrant, Spanish-speaking mothers and to facilitate stakeholder engagement in a research project. After an extensive literature review, we conducted a series of four 1-hour interviews with a key informant in preparation for individual in-depth interviews with 12 parents. The ethnographic interviews with the community leader provided insight into environmental context, cultural categories, and stakeholder priorities, which helped shape the research question, in-depth interview guide, sampling strategy, and interpretive analytic process. We found that ethnographic interviews can provide critical insights for preparing in-depth interview guides and can enhance the information gained while facilitating meaningful stakeholder engagement.
Interacting With Providers: An Intersectional Exploration of the Experiences of Carers of Aboriginal Children With a Disability
Authors: Green Anna , Abbott Penelope , Davidson Patricia Mary , Delaney Patricia , Delaney John , Patradoon-Ho Patrick , DiGiacomo Michelle
Published: August 2018

Intersectionality has potential to create new ways to describe disparities and craft meaningful solutions. This study aimed to explore Aboriginal carers’ experiences of interactions with health, social, and education providers in accessing services and support for their child. Carers of Aboriginal children with a disability were recruited from an Australian metropolitan Aboriginal community-controlled health service. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 19 female carers. Intersectionality was applied as an analytical framework due to the inherent power differentials for Aboriginal Australians and carers for people with a disability. Marginalization and a lack of empowerment were evident in the experiences of interactions with providers due to cultural stereotypes and racism, lack of cultural awareness and sensitivity, and poverty and homelessness. Community-led models of care can help overcome the intersectional effects of these identities and forms of oppression in carers’ interactions with providers and enhance access to care.
The Use of Responsive Circles in Schools: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Wang Elaine L. , Lee Emma
Published: August 2018

Responsive circles, a restorative practices (RP) strategy, have the potential to help improve school climate through supporting conflict resolution and community building; yet, little research exists on this practice. This mixed-methods study examined how educators in four urban schools (two elementary, one middle, and one high school) used responsive circles. Over a 7-month period, we observed 22 responsive circles led by 13 different teachers and rated them using the RP-Observe tool. In addition, we interviewed 40 staff members (10 from each school). Results indicated that educators in this study used responsive circles to address issues they believed were percolating beneath the surface or incidents that had already caused harm and required repair of relationships. Although several dimensions of responsive circles were frequently observed, others were less consistently implemented. Many of the educators reported that responsive circles can positively impact students’ attitudes and behaviors. Implications of the study include the need for appropriate training and support to help teachers gain confidence in and become proficient at using responsive circles.
Field study assessing the performance of a patient-side blood test to determine neuter status in female cats based on detection of luteinising hormone
Authors: Morrow Lisa D , Gruffydd-Jones Timothy J , Skillings Elizabeth , Welsh C Philippa , Murray Jane K
Published: August 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a patient-side blood test in determining neuter status in female cats.

Methods

Residual blood samples from female cats of unknown neuter status that were admitted to four cat adoption centres in the UK were tested for luteinising hormone (LH) using the Witness LH test (Zoetis). A positive LH test result indicated that the cat was neutered. Cats were assessed for evidence of a surgical scar suggestive of prior neutering; if none was found, an exploratory laparotomy was performed to confirm neuter status. The LH test performance was assessed (sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value).

Results

Two hundred and thirty-six cats had both LH test and exploratory laparotomy data. The specificity of the test in detecting neutered cats was 100% (95% confidence interval 96.2–99.9) and the sensitivity was 69% (95% confidence interval 59.3–76.8). The prevalence of neutered cats in this sample was 49%. The positive and negative predictive values were 1 and 0.77, respectively.

Conclusions and relevance

The Witness LH test correctly detected all unneutered cats and thus there were no false-positive results that incorrectly indicated a cat was neutered. This study therefore suggests that positive LH test results avoid the need to perform surgery to confirm neuter status. This has significant welfare benefits for cats as it provides a lower risk, faster and less traumatic alternative to surgery and, in the shelter setting, it will have a positive impact on the cost, speed of assessment and time to rehoming of cats.
Which parents dropout from an evidence-based parenting programme (Triple-P) at CAMHS? Comparison of programme-completing and dropout parents
Authors: Ozbek Aylin , Gencer Ozlem , Mustan Aybüke Tugçe
Published: August 2018

Evidence-based parenting programmes are beneficial for children’s behavioural and emotional problems as well as parenting practices. Along with effectiveness, attendance affects the programme outcome and identification of risks associated with dropout may aid in development of special policy to increase engagement. In this study, we aimed to compare sociodemographics, parental attitudes, child behavioural and emotional problems of programme-completing and dropout parents from Level-4 Triple-P parenting programme applied at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). We also aimed to determine the attrition rate. In addition, we inquired whether there was a change in parenting styles and child behaviour and emotional problems before and after Level-4 Triple-P for the programme-completing parents at CAMHS. Results displayed that 52% ( n = 58) of the parents who were significantly less educated, used hostile rejecting attitudes, and reported more hyperactive/inattentive behaviour in their children compared to the parents who competed the programme ( p = 0.022, p = 0.016, p = 0.027, respectively) discontinued the programme. Parents who were able to complete the programme ( n = 54) reported a reduction in over-parenting and improvements in children’s conduct problems along with overall stress levels before and after Triple-P ( p = 0.009, p = 0.040, p = 0.023). Parents at risk of discontinuing parenting programmes may require special policy to be engaged since these programmes may offer significant benefits for parenting practices and, in turn, children’s well-being.
Cross-linguistic influence in unbalanced bilingual heritage speakers on subsequent language acquisition: Evidence from pronominal object placement in ditransitive clauses
Authors: Lorenz Eliane , Bonnie Richard J , Feindt Kathrin , Rahbari Sharareh , Siemund Peter
Published: August 2018

Aims and objectives:

The main objective of this study is to find evidence for the Linguistic Proximity Model, which allows for facilitative and non-facilitative cross-linguistic influence (CLI) from all previously known languages in third language (L3) acquisition. We target CLI in L3 English based on bilingual heritage speakers (Russian-German and Turkish-German) in comparison with second language acquisition of monolingual German speakers.

Methodology:

We examine the outcome of an English word order test. The participants produced sentences based on randomly ordered words. The focus of this study is the placement of direct and indirect pronominal objects with varying ditransitive verbs.

Data analysis:

195 students in school years 7 and 9, separated into three language groups, participated in the study: German monolinguals ( nG7 = 47; nG9 = 64), Russian-German bilinguals ( nR7 = 19; nR9 = 30) and Turkish-German bilinguals ( nT7 = 19; nT9 = 16). The placement of pronominal objects in the sentence task is compared to results from equivalent word order tests in English, German, Russian and Turkish that were repeated with native speakers.

Findings:

We find some support for the Linguistic Proximity Model because the outcome shows that facilitative and non-facilitative CLI is possible from both the heritage language and the majority language. Determining factors are the background languages, the age of the participants and frequency. However, the majority language, German, displays the strongest influence of both background languages due to its dominant status.

Originality:

This study provides further support for the Linguistic Proximity Model, by using a sentence completion task with unbalanced bilingual heritage speakers.

Significance/implications:

We provide evidence for showing that both facilitative and non-facilitative influence from all previously known languages of bilingual heritage speakers is possible and verifiable. We therefore add to the field of L3 acquisition and the discussion about current models of CLI.
Status-making: Rethinking migrant categorization
Authors: Robertson Shanthi
Published: August 2018

Migrants are increasingly categorized with different ‘statuses’ – that is, classified, quantified, coded and placed into hierarchies that are politically and socially determined and have embodied and material effects. However, scholarly critiques of status often remain focused on legal descriptors and dichotomous categories such as refugee/migrant or legal/illegal. Drawing on multiple examples from media and scholarly literature on contemporary Australian migration, I seek to show how diverse and complex forms of migrant status are ‘made’ in relation to both voluntary and involuntary migrant mobilities – that is, how they are produced, contested and contestable across fluid legal, political, social and cultural lines. In doing so, I argue that a critical sociological orientation towards ‘status-making’, rather than uncritical categorizing of migrants into ‘types’, may be conceptually useful in contexts of immigration complexity.
Technique to Facilitate Retrograde Puncture of Mid to Upper Calf Tibial Vessels
Authors: Ysa August , Lobato Marta , Gómez Roberto , Arruabarrena Amaia , Quintana Ana M. , Mikelarena Ederi , Metcalfe Matthew , Fonseca Juan L.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: To describe a simple maneuver to facilitate the retrograde puncture of challenging tibial vessels in the lower leg. Technique: Because of the depth of the tibial vessels at the mid to upper calf, especially in obese or muscular patients, a 7- or 9-cm, 21-G micropuncture needle is often needed to reach the artery. However, the low profile of the needle contributes to its flexibility and therefore the tendency to bend as it progresses through the deep tissues, hindering access to the target vessel. To overcome this obstacle, a 4- to 5-cm, 18-G needle is initially placed pointing to the artery. The 21-G needle is advanced through it to the target site. This simple maneuver increases the support to the 21-G needle, preventing its bending and facilitating arterial puncture in the presence of calcified vessels. Conclusion: The telescoping needle technique may be considered as a bailout procedure in the retrograde tibial approach after failed attempts secondary to needle bending or calcified vessels.
A New Civic Spirit for Garden City-states
Authors: Wilson Matthew
Published: August 2018

Sybella Gurney (1870–1926) made important and largely unrecognized contributions to British community design theory and practice. This essay begins with an exploration of her youthful social reform activities and academic influences including Leonard Hobhouse, John Ruskin, Auguste Comte, Frederic Le Play, John Stuart Mill, and Ebenezer Howard. These foundational pursuits inspired her to become an ardent cooperator affiliated with the Garden Cities movement and to serve as a sociologist seeking to kindle a “new civic spirit” for post -World War I reconstruction. Gurney, as part of an idealistic circle of thinkers which included Patrick Geddes, considered sociology as a means to realize complete Garden City-states based upon scientific, ethical, and participatory principles.
Fast contrast enhancement by adaptive pixel value stretching
Authors: Cao Gang , Tian Huawei , Yu Lifang , Huang Xianglin
Published: August 2018

In this article, we propose a fast and effective method for digital image contrast enhancement. The gray-level dynamic range of contrast-distorted images is extended maximally via adaptive pixel value stretching. The quantity of saturated pixels is set intelligently according to the perceptual brightness of global images. Adaptive gamma correction is also novelly used to recover the normal luminance in enhancing dimmed images. Different from prior methods, our proposed technique could be enforced automatically without complex manual parameter adjustment per image. Both qualitative and quantitative performance evaluation results show that, comparing with some recent influential contrast enhancement techniques, our proposed method achieves comparative or better enhancement quality at a surprisingly lower computational cost. Besides general computer applications, such merit should also be valuable in low-power scenarios, such as the imaging pipelines used in small mobile terminals and visual sensor network.
Being a worker in EU law
Authors: Giubboni Stefano
Published: August 2018

The article sketches the variable notions of the worker, and the relevant fragments of worker status, in EU law.
“#houstonstrong”: Resisting and reifying the neoliberal public
Authors: Wingard Jennifer
Published: August 2018

This article argues that during and after Hurricane Harvey, Houstonians used the hashtag #houstonstrong as a way of creating a public. This public functioned much in the ways defined by scholars as a means to forward collective action outside the confines of the state. Although it formed adjacent to state mandates, this public never agitated against state practices. Instead, #houstonstrong became not only a way to organize civilian and privatized rescue during the storm but also a point of pride for Houstonians and businesses across Houston. Therefore, I argue that even though #houstonstrong functioned as a traditional public in many ways, its adherence to neoliberal logics makes it a complex form of publicity that challenges the binary between traditional and neoliberal definitions of public behavior.
Sciatic nerve and sacral 2 nerve root decompression by aberrant hypogastric vein branch causing persistent sciatica
Authors: Kale Ahmet , Basol Gulfem , Uzun Dogus Navdar , Usta Taner
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

The aim of this case to present a woman with neurovascular entrapment causing persistent sciatica. We presented the surgical management and the feasibility, safety, and early postoperative outcomes, as well as step-by-step explanation of the surgical technique that it was enriched via original video footage.

Case description:

A 29-year-old woman has been suffering from chronic pelvic pain and sciatica for 1 year. She had received medical physical treatment for 6 months and did not have any response to pain. Her visual analog scale score was 8/10 points. Neurovascular entrapment was considered as a preliminary diagnosis. The laparoscopic approach showed that an aberrant hypogastric vein branch compressing the sciatic nerve and sacral 2 nerve root. The decompression of these nerves was performed successfully. The total operation time was 50 min. There was no intraoperative and postoperative complication. The visual analog scale score on the postoperative 24th-h was 1/10 point (on 11-point numeric scale). The patient was discharged on the second day postoperatively. In the first-month follow-up, patient’s visual analog scale score was 7/10 point (on 11-point numeric scale). In the 12th-month follow-up, patient’s pelvic pain has decreased dramatically (visual analog scale score rate was 0/10 point) and also had no dyspareunia.

Conclusion:

A gynecologist should be aware of diagnosis of vascular entrapment in the chronic pelvic pain. Moreover, knowledge of pelvic neuroanatomy and clinical neurology is mandatory for surgeons. The surgical management of neurovascular entrapment is a safe, feasible, and curative option when performed by experienced surgeons.
Rapid tranquillisation: the science and advice
Authors: Cookson John
Published: August 2018

‘Rapid tranquillisation’ refers to the use of medication to calm highly agitated individuals experiencing mental disorder who have not responded to non-pharmacological approaches. Commonly it is the initial stage in the treatment of severe and enduring illness. Using medication in this way requires particularly robust evidence of efficacy and the management of side-effects. This article attempts to integrate current understanding of the neurochemical mechanisms of underlying illness and drug actions with therapeutic interventions. It distinguishes arousal from agitation, and effects on sedation from tranquillisation. It reviews critically the practice of rapid tranquillisation in the light of new evidence, changes in the NICE guidelines andBritish National Formularyrecommendations and a national audit (POMH-UK). Broader aspects of management, known as ‘restrictive practices’ (such as control and restraint and seclusion), psychological support of team members, incident reporting, risk assessment, monitoring and medico-legal aspects are not covered.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•

Recognise the role of brain transmitter pathways leading to arousal and to agitation

•

Be aware of mechanisms of action of benzodiazepines, antipsychotics and antihistamines and distinguishing sedation from calming effects

•

Know the recommendations of NICE guidelines for rapid tranquillisation and the findings of the national POMH-UK audit and be able to contribute to local policies

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None.
What is the evidence on cholinergic medication for tardive dyskinesia?
Authors: Bhavsar Vishal
Published: August 2018

Antipsychotic drugs are associated with movement disorders, especially with long-term use. Tardive dyskinesia, a condition characterised by repetitive involuntary muscle activity, is considered to be the most chronic, distressing and disabling of antipsychotic-associated movement disorders. There is theoretical justification for the use of cholinergic drugs in tardive dyskinesia, and they are used in clinical practice. A Cochrane systematic review synthesised randomised controlled trial data evaluating the effectiveness of cholinergic drugs for tardive dyskinesia, and for a range of secondary outcomes, including quality of life. In line with the authors of the review, this Commentary concludes that much higher-quality evidence on the use of cholinergic drugs in tardive dyskinesia is necessary, and that a patient with tardive dyskinesia should be offered the opportunity to try a newer cholinergic drug, ideally in the context of a well-conducted and reported clinical trial. At the same time, given uncertainty regarding clinical effectiveness, and in view of their accepted adverse effects, it would be understandable if a person with tardive dyskinesia decided to avoid cholinergic drugs.

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None.
Review of risk factors of secondary cancers among cancer survivors
Authors: Demoor-Goldschmidt Charlotte , de Vathaire Florent
Published: August 2018

Improvements in cancer survival have made the long-term risks from treatments more important, in particular among the children, adolescents and young adults who are more at risk particularly due to a longer life expectancy and a higher sensitivity to treatments. Subsequent malignancies in cancer survivors now constitute 15 to 20% of all cancer diagnoses in the cancer registries. Lots of studies are published to determine risk factors, with some controversial findings. Just data from large cohorts with detailed information on individual treatments and verification of what is called “secondary cancers” can add some knowledge, because their main difficulty is that the number of events for most second cancer sites are low, which impact the statistical results. In this review of the literature, we distinguish second and secondary cancers and discuss the factors contributing to this increased risk of secondary cancers. The article concludes with a summary of current surveillance and screening recommendations.
Transcatheter arterial embolization of acute bleeding as 24/7 service: predictors of outcome and mortality
Authors: Powerski Maciej , Meyer-Wilmes Philipp , Omari Jazan , Damm Robert , Seidensticker Max , Friebe Björn , Fischbach Frank , Pech Maciej
Published: August 2018

Objective

To analyze times of occurrence and identify risk factors (RFs) for technical and clinical failure and mortality of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of acute bleeding in a major hospital.

Methods

All TAEs performed at our hospital from 2006 to 2013 (n = 327) were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

TAEs were performed during regular weekday hours in 165 (50%) and during off-hours in 162 (50%) cases. With 40 regular and 128 off-hours/week, 3.25 times more TAEs were performed during regular hours. There was an even distribution across weekdays (Mon-Fri:16.9 ± 1.5%), while fewer TAEs were performed on weekends (Sat: 8.3%, Sun: 7.3%). Technical success of TAEs was 93.9% with a clinical success of 79.2% and a 30-day mortality of 18.4%. Shock was an RF for technical failure (p = 0.022). RFs for clinical failure were low hemoglobin (Hb) (p = 0.021) and transfusion of ≥6 units packed cells (p = 0.009). Independent RFs for mortality were clinical failure (p < 0.001), coagulopathy (p = 0.005), and shock (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our results provide no evidence for a subjectively perceived increase in TAEs during off-hours but rather appear to show that most TAEs are performed during regular hours. Prompt TAE to control acute bleeding is crucial to prevent a drop in Hb with shock and the need for transfusion, which may promote coagulopathy and rebleeding, all of which are risk factors for a negative outcome.

Advances in knowledge

The presented analysis provides insights of occurrences and risk factors for success of transcatheter arterial embolization in acute bleeding in a large study population.
On the Factors of Demand for Economic Growth
Authors: Николайчук Ольга , Nikolaychuk Olga , Волкова А. , Volkova A. , Шарова В. , Sharova V.
Published: August 2018

To analyze the problems of economic growth in Russia, the factors of demand that affect economic growth are chosen: the volumes and dynamics of consumer spending, tax instruments and debt indicators in Russia and in recent years. Changes in the population’s expenses for the purchase of goods and services, the purchase of investment goods-real estate, as well as the use of credit sources to replenish the current and investment costs of citizens are analyzed. The main indicators are given in current prices and are recounted by the authors, for greater reliability of the findings, in prices at the beginning of 2015. The reasons for the formation of external and internal debt are revealed. It is noted thatthe external debt in recent years has grown through borrowing in external financial markets through the placement of government securities, as well as an increase in the volume of state guarantees. The thesis was confirmed that in macroeconomics only in the long run the influence of the change in the state debt on consumption is traced. It is especiallyemphasized that the state external debt burdens the national economy of the country, reduces aggregate demand, slows economic growth and, ultimately, leads to a decline in GDP. The state, having placed its stake on domestic debt, has increased the share of state guarantees by 4 times over the past 8 years and brought domestic debt to the limit, which has affected not only the fiscal and fiscal policies of the state, but it can negatively affect Russia’s economic security. In general, amid the downturn in business activity in Russia in recent years, the increase in public debt has led to a reduction in the consumption of durable goods and investment goods. Thus, based on the analysis of the dynamics of consumer spending of Russians, debt and tax policy, it was concluded that the pace of business activity and the need for government intervention in regulating the processes covered in the article, especially in the context of the crisis, were reduced.
The Conversion of Financial Annuities As a Way to Optimize the Use of Borrowed Capital
Authors: Коршунова Л. , Korshunova L. , Рудская Ирина , Rudskaya Irina
Published: August 2018

The concepts of financial annuity and conversion of annuity are considered in the article. The basic principle of conversion is defined. The variants of conversion of annuity such as innovation and as contributing changes into the existing agreement are given. Specific examples of conversion are considered: buyout of annuity (replacement of annuity by a one-time payment), refinancing of a loan and association of annuities). The financial implications in terms of compliance with the principle of financial equivalence and profitability for the borrower are considered too. Necessity to take into account additional costs when refinancing loans and comparing these costs with possible benefits from the operation is shown.
Pedagogical Aspects of Formation and Development of Critical Thinking of School Students
Authors: Абдуразаков Магомед , Abdurazakov Magomed , Элипханов А. , Eliphanov A.
Published: August 2018

In the article we assume to consider pedagogical aspects of critical thinking, and for this purpose fi rst of all to formulate briefl y what has to enter the stated consideration. Critical thinking as the quality of the identity of the school student shown for formation at the school student by the social order and also as the quality formed at school students by pedagogical means as educational result of the school student, as the pedagogical problem solved by the teacher by means of application known and designing of own training techniques is presented in article; criteria of critical saturation of educational information and levels of formation of critical thinking are discussed. We consider necessary also to note that the didactic aspect of critical thinking assumes his consideration in a competence-based format as the requirement of the new federal state educational standard of the general secondary education.
Context Approach As a Way of Early Discipline Profilization of HigherSchool
Authors: Коннова Лариса , Konnova Larisa , Рылов Алекcандр , Rylov Alexander , Степанян И. , Stepanyan I.
Published: August 2018

Development of coupled with professional standards educational programs of the new generation is one of the main requirements of modern educational standards. The Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation is guided by the strategy of early profi ling for developing such programs. The article summarizes the experience of the authors in the implementation of the ideas of early profi ling in the teaching of mathematics for the first year students of Economics and Management. The possibilities of using the contextual approach, which was developed and tested by A. Verbitsky are considered to strengthen the professional orientation of the learning process. Contextual learning technologies are aimed at transforming the academic learning process into educational activities that lead to the acquisition of professional competencies. The article presents the content of the discipline “Computer workshop” in terms of the subject-technological context and social context.
Development of the Critical Reflective Skills of Students Asa Descriptor of Innovation in Modern Education
Authors: Бурмистрова Наталия , Burmistrova Nataliya , Осипова Светлана , Osipova Svetlana
Published: August 2018

The authors study the problem of the descriptors of innovation in education which contribute to the improvement in quality of training of college graduates. The importance of forming an education strategy for sustainable development in order to train a competent, mobile and creative worker capable of solving innovative tasks in changing socio-economic circumstances has been determined. The change in emphasis away from the procedural component of education towards the eff ective training has been highlighted. This actualizes the subjective position of a student that is related to the integration of personal meanings, social and market demand. The descriptors of the innovative potential of mathematical training of students in economic universities to solve professional problems in the context of globalization, informatization and the changeability of the system of social development have been revealed. The authors carried out monitoring of critical refl ective skills of students, which ensure the formation of adaptive abilities in changing circumstances. The results of pedagogical measurements show the positive dynamics of critical refl ective skills in teaching mathematics in the context of education for sustainable development.
Northern Ireland regional spine megaclinic: a patient-centered approach to tackle waiting lists
Authors: Murphy Lynn , Dhokia Rakesh , McKeag Philip , Darwish Nagy , Eames Niall
Published: August 2018

In March 2017, waiting times for an outpatient appointment at a consultant-led spinal clinic in Northern Ireland had reached 152 weeks. This falls significantly outside national targets and has resulted in a backlog of 6000 patients. A specialist, multi-clinician, co-located, consultant-led NHS clinic that would enable us to evaluate these patients was designed. Six megaclinics have been held and in total 909 patients were reviewed. Patient numbers ranged from 88 – 185, with an average did not attend rate of 3.3%. Only 9.1% of patients were boarded for surgery, while discharge rates ranged between 78–91%. Patient satisfaction has been maintained at over 90% for each clinic. A significant increase in clinician confidence in the management of orthopaedic spinal conditions was demonstrated. Cost analysis has demonstrated a saving of £39 087, in comparison to previous waiting list initiative costs for patients reviewed in the private sector.
Make sure we keep to the tracks
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: August 2018

A keen interest, verging on a slight obsession with transport, can lead to some specific learning opportunities. Here, we use wheels to help children move streets ahead.
Specific area of literacy
Authors: Webb Penny
Published: August 2018

Continuing our exploration of the prime and specific areas of learning, this month we focus on the specific area of literacy and discuss how we can support the children in our settings.
A project to support fathers with paternal postnatal depression
Authors: Price Rebecca
Published: August 2018

The aim of this project was to increase health visitors' knowledge and awareness of paternal postnatal depression (pPND) and to develop services focused on fathers rather than just mothers and babies. The project was implemented to increase practitioners' knowledge of transition to fatherhood, paying particular attention to pPND. It was hoped that the project would enable the service to put into place strategies to meet identified needs and improve the engagement of fathers, promoting a wider father-inclusive health visiting service in the future.
Intraosseous pressure during loading and with vascular occlusion in an animal model
Authors: Beverly M. , Mellon S. , Kennedy J. A. , Murray D. W.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

We studied subchondral intraosseous pressure (IOP) in an animal model during loading, and with vascular occlusion. We explored bone compartmentalization by saline injection.

Materials and Methods

Needles were placed in the femoral condyle and proximal tibia of five anaesthetized rabbits and connected to pressure recorders. The limb was loaded with and without proximal vascular occlusion. An additional subject had simultaneous triple recordings at the femoral head, femoral condyle and proximal tibia. In a further subject, saline injections at three sites were carried out in turn.

Results

Loading alone caused a rise in subchondral IOP from 11.7 mmHg (sd 7.1) to 17.9 mmHg (sd 8.1; p < 0.0002). During arterial occlusion, IOP fell to 5.3 mmHg (sd 4.1), then with loading there was a small rise to 7.6 mmHg (sd 4.5; p < 0.002). During venous occlusion, IOP rose to 20.2 mmHg (sd 5.8), and with loading there was a further rise to 26.3 mmHg (sd 6.3; p < 0.003). The effects were present at three different sites along the limb simultaneously. Saline injections showed pressure transmitted throughout the length of the femur but not across the knee joint.

Conclusion

This is the first study to report changes in IOP in vivo during loading and with combinations of vascular occlusion and loading. Intraosseous pressure is not a constant. It is reduced during proximal arterial occlusion and increased with proximal venous occlusion. Whatever the perfusion state, in vivo load is transferred partly by hydraulic pressure. We propose that joints act as hydraulic pressure barriers. An understanding of subchondral physiology may be important in understanding osteoarthritis and other bone diseases. Cite this article: M. Beverly, S. Mellon, J. A. Kennedy, D. W. Murray. Intraosseous pressure during loading and with vascular occlusion in an animal model. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:511–516. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.78.BJR-2017-0343.R2.
Variabilidade espacial e temporal do Nitrato e Cloreto no Sistema Aquífero Bauru, estado de São Paulo
Authors: Vicente Gustavo Zitei , Lima César Gustavo Rocha , Marques Sâmia Momesso
Published: August 2018

O Sistema Aquífero Bauru (SAB) é um manancial de essencial importância para o Estado de São Paulo. Tal fato eleva as atenções com o seu estado de conservação diante da possibilidade de contaminação por diferentes tipos de poluentes. O monitoramento no SAB tem oferecido importantes informações, porém pontuais, não refletindo um panorama espacial de toda área do aquífero. Nesse sentido, a geoestatística pode ser uma importante ferramenta de análise uma vez que os parâmetros de qualidade da água podem variar de forma ordenada no tempo/espaço. O presente estudo utilizou dados de 75 poços de monitoramento da CETESB, entre os anos de 2010-2012, e objetivou avaliar a variabilidade e as correlações espaciais e temporais das concentrações de nitrato (N-NO3) e cloreto (Cl-) no SAB. Realizou-se a análise estatística descritiva, de correlação, e a análise semivariográfica (simples e cruzada). Os resultados indicam elevada correlação linear entre N-NO3 com Cl- (R2=0,69**). Do ponto de vista geoestatístico, todos os parâmetros apresentam dependência espacial, independente do período, denotando bons ajustes semivariográficos e mapas bem delineados da variabilidade espacial. O mapeamento do Nitrato corroborou com trabalhos anteriormente realizados na área do SAB, apontando a presença de N-NO3 acima do valor limite estabelecido pelo Ministério da Saúde. Por fim, observa-se também apreciáveis correlações espaciais entre o Nitrato com o Cloreto, permitindo estimativas espaciais do N-NO3 a partir da co-variável Cl-.
Slumber Parties as Rites of Passage
Authors: Mansfield Alina
Published: August 2018

Children’s supernatural based activities such as M.A.S.H, Bloody Mary, Ouija board experimentation, and “Light as a Feather, Stiff as a Board” comprise a traditional repertoire of paranormal and divinatory rituals to be drawn upon many times throughout a series of friends’ birthday parties or sleepovers. This article investigates the cognitive and ritual functions of such supernatural play as performed by American pre-adolescent girls within the liminal context of the slumber party. Though characterized as children’s play, this is ritual behavior in two senses: in its direct confrontation and thrilling exploration of the supernatural, and in its trance-inducing, ceremonial qualities. Such play is often structured and performed as traditional ritual and can invoke aspects of rites of passage, especially when undertaken cumulatively throughout adolescence. Drawing upon fieldwork in consultation with the collections of University of Oregon’s Mills Northwest Folklore Archive, the Utah State University’s Fife Folklore Archive, and children’s folklore scholarship, this article explores such spiritualistic play as a vernacular process of adolescent individuation.
Adult Reflections on a Childhood Kissing Game
Authors: Osborne Evelyn
Published: August 2018

Beyond simple nostalgia, how do the games we play as children affect us as adults? Which hidden rhyming lessons are ripe for mature understanding? Using McLoed and Wright’s “happy childhood narrative” this article examines singing game, “King William was King George’s Son” and its use by two adult sisters for nostalgia, memory recall, historical lessons, enculturation, connecting with others of their generation, and creating new art.
Volume 39, 2018
Authors: Editor CFR
Published: August 2018

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Chemical composition of different types of natural waters in Ukraine
Authors: Khilchevskyi V. K. , Kurylo S. M. , Sherstyuk N. P.
Published: August 2018

The results of studies of the chemical composition in various types of natural waters of the territory of Ukraine – atmospheric precipitation, surface (river and lake), groundwaters and sea waters are comprehensively summarized and presented for the territory of Ukraine in this paper. The chemical composition of Ukraine's natural waters (rivers, lakes, underground aquifers, seas) is the result of the interaction of a combination of natural factors, as well as their location, mainly in the temperate climatic zone. The average long–term mineralization of atmospheric precipitation is usually in the range of 20–40 mg/l, its chemical composition is predominantly sulfate magnesium–calcium. For the chemical composition of water in the small and medium rivers of Ukraine, hydrochemical zoning is observed in the direction from the northwest to the south-east of the country. Mineralization of river waters also increases in this direction (from 200–300 mg/l to 1,500–3,000 mg/l and more). The composition of the water varies from bicarbonate calcium in the north and west to sodium chloridein the south and southeast. The value of mineralization of lake water varies within very wide limits. There are lakes with very fresh water and low salinity (30 mg/l – small lakes of glacial origin in the Ukrainian Carpathians), and lakes whose water has a mineralization of more than 100 g/l (salt lakes of the Crimea). In the chemical composition of groundwater, the territory of Ukraine mainly exhibits vertical hydrochemical zoning, which manifests itself in the separation of zones of intensive or difficult water exchange. Hydrocarbonate or sulfate waters with a small mineralization (up to 1.0 g/l) are characteristic for the zone of active water exchange. Highly mineralized (50–300 g/l and more) chloride, sodium and chloride-sodiumcalcium waters are common in a zone of hindered water exchange. The ionic composition of the Black Sea water has all the characteristic features of ocean waters but differs from them in relative poverty with ions of chlorine and sodium, the average salinity of the Black Sea waters is 18–19 ‰. In the narrow coastal zone near the mouths of large rivers (the Danube, the Dniester, the Southern Bug, the Dnieper) a decrease in the salinity of the Black Sea waters (up to 5–10 ‰) is observed. The main factors that determine the salinity regime in the Azov Sea (10–13 ‰) are the inflow of saline Black Sea and fresh river (the Don and the Kuban rivers) waters that are mixed in the Azov Sea, as well as the arrival of atmospheric precipitation.