bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Decision Support System to Enhance Electricity Grid Resilience against Flooding Disasters
Authors: Violante Michael , Davani Hassan , Manshadi Saeed D.
Published: August 2022

In different areas across the U.S., there are utility poles and other critical infrastructure that are vulnerable to flooding damage. The goal of this multidisciplinary research is to assess and minimize the probability of utility pole failure through conventional hydrological, hydrostatic, and geotechnical calculations embedded to a unique mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization framework. Once the flow rates that cause utility pole overturn are determined, the most cost-efficient subterranean pipe network configuration can be created that will allow for flood waters to be redirected from vulnerable infrastructure elements. The optimization framework was simulated using the Julia scientific programming language, for which the JuMP interface and Gurobi solver package were employed to solve a minimum cost network flow objective function given the numerous decision variables and constraints across the network. We implemented our optimization framework in three different watersheds across the U.S. These watersheds are located near Whittier, NC; Leadville, CO; and London, AR. The implementation of a minimum cost network flow optimization model within these watersheds produced results demonstrating that the necessary amount of flood waters could be conveyed away from utility poles to prevent failure by flooding.
Round-the-World Voyage of the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Phylogeographic Data Covering the Entire Species Range
Authors: Artamonova Valentina S. , Bardukov Nikolay V. , Aksenova Olga V. , Ivanova Tatiana S. , Ivanov Mikhail V. , Kirillova Elizaveta A. , Koulish Andrey V. , Lajus Dmitry L. , Malyutina Anna M. , Pashkov Andrey N. , Reshetnikov Sergey I. , Makhrov Alexander A.
Published: August 2022

A total of 205 COI sequences and 310 cyt b sequences of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from basins of all seas throughout the vast range of this species were analyzed. Median networks of haplotypes constructed in this study, combined with the results of reconstruction of paleogeographic conditions, led to the conclusion that the threespine stickleback emerged as a species in the Pacific Ocean basin and spread to Europe from the south, populating the system of water bodies that existed in the Oligocene. The main water body was the Paratethys Ocean (Sea), which existed 5–34 Mya. In the area of the modern North Sea, stickleback populations, part of which later migrated to the eastern and western coasts of North America, gave rise to the group of haplotypes that has the widest distribution in northern Europe. The stickleback populations belonging to the lineage that dispersed along the Arctic and western coasts of North America displaced the carriers of the haplotypes of the ancient phylogenetic lineage that inhabited the Pacific coast. The ancestors of G. wheatlandi dispersed from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean via the Arctic to meet G. aculeatus, which circled the globe from east to west.
Assessment of Glucocorticoid Removal by UVA/Chlorination and Ozonation: Performance Comparison in Kinetics, Degradation Pathway, and Toxicity
Authors: Zhang Ai , Jiang Xinyuan , Wang Qiancheng , Hao Siyu , Zhu Dahai , Wang Jie , Wang Ce , Liu Mingyan
Published: August 2022

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have drawn great concern due to widespread contamination in the environment and application in treating COVID-19. This work aimed to compare the performance of UVA/chlorination and ozonation on GC removal in terms of removal efficiency, degradation pathway, and toxicity change, with fluocinolone acetonide (FA), triamcinolone acetonide (TA), and clobetasol propionate (CP) as target compounds. The results showed that both UVA/chlorination and ozonation could degrade GCs. Compared with UVA/chlorination (removal efficiency of 89% for FA, 86% for TA, and 90% for CP at 7 h), ozonation (removal efficiency of 90% for FA, 96% for TA, and 98% for CP at 15 min) was more effective in GC removal. Photodegradation contributed most to GC removal during UVA/chlorination, while O3 molecules were the main functional species during ozonation. H-abstraction, dechlorination, carbon–carbon bond cleavage, and ester hydrolysis were proposed for both UVA/chlorination and ozonation based on the identification of intermediates. However, ozone tended to attack C=C double bonds, resulting in the cracked benzene ring of GCs, while chlorine was more likely to attack alcohol and ketone groups. Although most GCs were removed during ozonation and UVA/chlorination, their acute toxicities slightly declined. Compared with UVA/chlorination, ozonation was more effective in toxicity reduction.
Excessive Water and Drainage Management in Agriculture: Disaster, Facilities Operation and Pollution Control
Authors: Wang Shaoli , Xu Junzeng
Published: August 2022

Floods and waterlogging are among the main natural disasters affecting agriculture, causing land inundation or excess soil water during and after extreme rainfall events, which drastically affects crop productivity and food security [...]
Spatiotemporal Variations in Reference Evapotranspiration and Its Contributing Climatic Variables at Various Spatial Scales across China for 1984–2019
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Mohammadian Abdolmajid , Ao Ruigui , Liu Jianwei , Chen Xin
Published: August 2022

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is of great significance in studies of hydrological cycle, agricultural water resources, and hydrometeorology. The present study collected daily meteorological data at 536 meteorological stations in China from 1984 to 2019, calculated daily ET0 using the FAO Penman–Monteith equation, analyzed the spatial distribution and temporal variation characteristics of ET0 and meteorological variables at four different spatial scales (continental, regional, provincial, and local), and discussed the sensitivity of ET0 to the meteorological variables and the contribution rates of the meteorological variables to the ET0 variations. The results showed that ET0 increased at 406 out of the 536 stations (75.7%), with the trends being significant at 65 stations at the 5% significance level, and 147 at the 1% significance level. The slope calculated using Sen’s method and linear trend method showed that the annual ET0 at the continental scale increased by approximately 12 mm/decade. Most of the stations showed decreasing trends in relative humidity (Hm), sunshine duration (SD), and wind speed at 2 m height (U2) while increasing trends in the maximum air temperature (Tmax) and minimum air temperature (Tmin). ET0 was most sensitive to Hm (sensitivity coefficient, St = −0.66), followed by Tmax (St = 0.29), SD (St = 0.18), U2 (St = 0.16), and Tmin (St = 0.07). Most of the stations showed increasing trends in St for Hm (56.16%), Tmax (72.95%), Tmin (87.31%), and U2 (90.49%), and decreasing trends for SD (69.78%). The variations in Hm, Tmax, and Tmin increased the ET0 at most of the stations (82.28%, 98.13%, and 69.03%, respectively). The variations in SD and U2 decreased ET0 at most of the stations (66.04% and 56.34%, respectively). Some ET0 characteristics in a few regions can be well described using a single spatial scale. However, most regions exhibited significantly different ET0 characteristics across spatial scales. The results of this project can provide reference for hydrological analysis and agricultural water management under climate change conditions and provide data and information for other hydrology-related applications.
The Sedimentation Rate in the Crimean Hypersaline Lake Aktashskoye Estimated Using the Post-Chernobyl Artificial Radionuclide 90Sr as a Radiotracer
Authors: Mirzoeva Natalia , Shadrin Nickolai , Proskurnin Vladislav , Arkhipova Svetlana , Moseychenko Igor , Anufriieva Elena
Published: August 2022

Artificial 90Sr is one of the most important long-lived radionuclides of global radioactive fallout from the atmosphere after the testing of nuclear weapons and the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986. In addition to fallout from the atmosphere, secondary radioactive contamination of Crimea was mainly from the Dnieper River and the North Crimean Canal, which occurred until 2014. 90Sr was used as the optimal radiotracer for estimating the rate of sedimentation in the Crimean hypersaline lake. Its vertical distribution in the bottom sediments was assessed. In the core of the bottom sediments, the detectable activity of 90Sr in layers 0–1.5 cm and 16.7–21.9 cm was absent, and it was determined again in the layer of 15.5 cm, which was associated with atmospheric fallout of the radionuclide after the Chernobyl NPP accident. There were well-isolated peaks of specific activity in layers at a depth of 4.6 and 13.3–14.3 cm. The calculated rate of sedimentation varied within 0.5–1.5 cm year−1: the minimum rate corresponded to the period 1971–2017, and the highest rate corresponded to the period 1954–1971.
Preparation of MnOx-Modified Biochar and Its Removal Mechanism for Cr(VI) in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Fan Jianxin , Qin Liang , Duan Ting , Qi Zenglin , Zou Lan
Published: August 2022

Biochar (BC) is considered to be a great potential adsorbent to remove various contaminants, but the sorption capacity for chromium (Cr) is predominantly limited for the net negative charge. In this study, BC from rice husk was impregnated with Mn(NO3)2 solution to synthesize MnOx-modified BC (MnOBCs) for enhancing Cr(VI) removal in an aqueous solution. MnOBCs were characterized, and MnOx (manganese ore) was found to be the dominant crystal in MnOBCs. Batch sorption and kinetic experiments combined with spectral analysis were carried out to elucidate the sorption capacity and mechanisms of Cr(VI) sorption onto BC and MnOBCs. Results showed that the sorption kinetic process fitted to the Elovich model, and the modification enhanced the sorption capacity of Cr(VI) on BC. Compared to ion strength, pH is the main control factor for Cr(VI) fixed on BC and MnOBCs, and the sorption amount decreased with the pH value increasing. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the proportion of Mn(II) decreased from 33.59% to 8.33%, and that of Mn(VI) increased from 30.58% to 52.72% after Cr(VI) sorption on MnOBCs. Meanwhile, the reduction reaction of Cr(VI) occurred during the sorption process on the BC and MnOBCs surface, and the reduction reaction was more obvious on the MnOBCs surface. MnOx loaded in BC can enhance the electrostatic attraction and redox capacity, which can improve the removal of Cr(VI) in an aqueous solution. This study provides information on the sorption and redox of Cr(VI) on BC, and allows us to better understand the mechanism of Cr(VI) removal in solutions by MnOBCs.
Latitudinal Dynamics of Vibrio along the Eastern Coastline of Australia
Authors: Williams Nathan L. R. , Siboni Nachshon , King William L. , Balaraju Varunan , Bramucci Anna , Seymour Justin R.
Published: August 2022

The marine genus of bacteria, Vibrio, includes several significant human and animal pathogens, highlighting the importance of defining the factors that govern their occurrence in the environment. To determine what controls large-scale spatial patterns among this genus, we examined the abundance and diversity of Vibrio communities along a 4000 km latitudinal gradient spanning the Australian coast. We used a Vibrio-specific amplicon sequencing assay to define Vibrio community diversity, as well as quantitative PCR and digital droplet PCR to identify patterns in the abundances of the human pathogens V. cholera, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus. The hsp60 amplicon sequencing analysis revealed significant differences in the composition of tropical and temperate Vibrio communities. Over 50% of Vibrio species detected, including the human pathogens V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, displayed significant correlations with either temperature, salinity, or both, as well as different species of phytoplankton. High levels of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were detected in the tropical site at Darwin and the subtropical Gold Coast site, along with high levels of V. parahaemolyticus at the subtropical Sydney site. This study has revealed the key ecological determinants and latitudinal patterns in the abundance and diversity of coastal Vibrio communities, including insights into the distribution of human pathogens, within a region experiencing significant ecological shifts due to climate change.
Gestión Documental orientada a la conservación de los documentos en el Archivo Histórico de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí
Authors: Mero Santana Daysi , García Salmon Luis , Cobacango Villavicencio Jenny
Published: August 2022

La Gestión Documental (GD) le proporciona a cualquier entidad universitaria una óptima gestión de todos sus procesos. Se centra en la conservación de documentos para que sirvan de evidencia de cada una de las acciones llevadas a efecto por la institución y con el paso de los años estos formen parte de la memoria de la universidad. El objetivo del presente estudio es fundamentar teóricamente el Sistema de Gestión Documental orientado a la conservación de los documentos de archivos universitarios y minimizar el daño que pueda ocurrir en la organización por extravío, pérdida o inadecuado tratamiento. La metodología de este estudio fue de revisión sistemática exploratoria con enfoque cualitativo que orienta a realizar una revisión bibliográfica sintetizada, lo cual se lo hizo a través de un análisis general de la información obtenida de las diferentes bases de datos como: Dialnet, Web of Science, Elsevier, Latindex Scopus, CSIC Redalyc y SciELO, entre otros; para ello se realizó un análisis bibliométricos par esquematizar de forma ordenada toda la información obtenida, todo esto de acuerdo a las palabras clave. Los métodos aplicados fueron teóricos y empíricos para la recolección de los datos. Los resultados permitieron concluir que: Los archivos de gestión almacenan documentos con valor legal y probatorio, la pérdida de estos documentos puede causar daños a la entidad que los produjo, por lo que se debe crear condiciones suficientes para el almacenamiento de documentos que pueden obtener valor patrimonial en el futuro.
Redes sociales y convivencia familiar en la pandemia Covid 19. 2020: una mirada desde las ciencias de la información.
Authors: Alcívar Santana Juli Isabel , Arteaga Linzán Mónica María
Published: August 2022

La convivencia familiar se fortalece con la comunicación entre ellos, sin embargo, con la llegada de la actual pandemia y el confinamiento obligatorio, ha hecho que los miembros de la familia estén constantemente navegando en internet despreocupándose así por la misma. Por ello este trabajo tuvo el objetivo de determinar el efecto que tienen las redes sociales en la convivencia familiar durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se aplicó una investigación de tipo descriptiva, con un enfoque cuantitativo, se realizó con las familias de la calle 13 manzana 16 del barrio La Pradera del cantón Manta, provincia de Manabí. Se utilizó como técnica la encuesta, que se aplicó a los miembros mayores de la familia que habitan en la manzana antes mencionada. Así mismo, se concluyó que no solo los adolescentes han hecho uso constante de las redes sociales, sino también las personas adultas del hogar que durante este tiempo han aprendido a usar los teléfonos digitales y por ende navegar en internet. Todo ello trae consecuencias como desinterés en el hogar y sus responsabilidades, falta de autoridad, entre otros, que dan como resultado a una mala calidad de vida.
ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL - UMA ANÁLISE COM BASE NO CENSO DE 2020
Authors: Conceição Marcio Magera , Conceição Joelma Telesi Pacheco , Costa Ricardo , Dalmas Fabricio Bau
Published: August 2022

Este texto trata de uma análise dos dados do último censo publicado sobre o ensino superior do Brasil pelo MEC/INEP (2020), cujos dados foram copilados pelo Prof. Ms. Paulo Chanan e publicado no site da Abrafi  Associação Brasileiras das Mantenedoras das Faculdades, no ano de 2022. Os gráficos e dados aqui apresentados explicam um pouco o caminhar do ensino superior brasileiro e seus desafios diante de um mercado cada vez mais competitivo e dinâmico. Como o EAD  Ensino a Distância vem crescendo e ocupando um espaço cada vez maior neste cenário, graças a uma variável externa, a Covid-19, que nos últimos anos provocou uma migração de alunos ao ensino a distância. Mas, o texto disserta que não foi a única variável que provocou tais mudanças, a gestão das IES  Institutos de Ensino Superior, também foi um fator relevante que mudou a composição das IES no Brasil, sem deixar de considerar as fusões e compras das médias e grandes faculdades por grupos educacionais nacionais e internacionais. A presença das IES privadas e o domínio que elas exercem sobre este segmento de mercado educacional é evidente, quando representam 77% das matrículas, e como os novos modelos de ensino não estão atendendo a qualidade que o mercado exige. E a competição dos grandes grupos por alunos vem diminuindo o ticket médio das mensalidades, ficando as IES menores com dificuldade de competir neste cenário de concorrência predatória.
MOTION CONTROL OF A WHEELED MOBILE ROBOT BASED ON SIMULATION
Authors: Alkhaleeli Alaq , Lukyanov E.
Published: August 2022

A mobile robot is a complex system capable of receiving information about the outside world and using it to move safely in a purposeful way. The work information subsystem can determine its position using sensors, as well as the location of static and dynamic objects in the workspace. The robot's movement to the target point is carried out according to various algorithms. These algorithms implement various methods of planning the trajectory of movement to the target point: to prevent the robot from colliding with barriers, to reduce the travel time and distance traveled to save battery power. Mobile robots can function in a dynamic environment with a significant degree of uncertainty. One of the main tasks of a mobile robot is planning trajectories by controlling the movement of the robot to reach target point. This article proposes a method for planning trajectory of a mobile robot by controlling its movement. The method is based on simulation of the movement of a mobile robot in an environment with fixed and movable barriers. It is assumed that the direction of dynamic obstacles can change randomly.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE
Authors: Perkova A. , Per'kova M. , Ladik E.
Published: August 2022

Urban agglomerations of the implementation of various models and development scenarios. The study is aimed at describing, comparing and comprehensively analyzing various models for the development of urban agglomerations based on foreign experience. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of development of foreign and Russian agglomerations. Methods of statistical data analysis, graphic-analytical methods, analysis of social infrastructure, use of interdisciplinary, quantitative, qualitative, historical and typological analysis were applied to identify and study certain aspects of the research problem. The study highlights the main urban planning problems and management models for urban agglomerations (one- and two-level). Various characteristics of the agglomerations of Europe, Asia and America, the Russian Federation are considered: the stages of formation and prospects for the development of urbanization and agglomerations; functional structures and relationships; driving forces; social and demographic characteristics (migration, housing stock structure, jobs); features of the development of transport security (road network, public transport systems, etc.); the reasons for the emergence and expected development of gentrification are identified. At the disclosure of the Belgorod agglomeration, an analysis of the creative property right was carried out and its position relative to other subjects of the Russian Federation by types of derivatives was revealed. The analysis of the development of African agglomerations in the countries of origin revealed the possible direction of the development of African agglomerations, as well as the scale of the base for developing a solution to the problems of agglomeration development in the regions of the Russian Federation
NEW INDICATOR METHOD FOR DETERMINING CARBONIZATION ZONES IN CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Authors: Goglev I. , Loginova S.
Published: August 2022

The article considers a new indicator method for identifying zones of carbonization (neutralization) of concrete, which can be successfully applied in the practice of inspections of building structures made of concrete and reinforced concrete (at the field and laboratory stages of work). The aspects of the occurrence and course of the carbonization (neutralization) process are considered. The cases of its influence on the durability of concrete and reinforced concrete building structures of various objects (industrial, transport, civil, hydraulic, linear) are analyzed. Carbonization can lead to leaching of concrete under certain conditions. This is followed by damage of armature in reinforced concrete structures. The objects of the survey using the new method are considered. A comparison of the effectiveness of this method with the phenolphthalein test method is made. The disadvantage of the phenolphthalein test method (PPTM) is that it does not allow to understand the full picture of the pH distribution of concrete over layers, because the indicator has 1 working color transition interval. The difference of the new method consists in higher accuracy: the method allows to identify areas in which the corrosion process of concrete associated with the mass transfer of the target component during carbonization is just beginning or is fully proceeding. In addition, it helps to assess the condition of the protective layer of concrete at the current time. The new method is promising, because it allows assessing the condition of the examined reinforced concrete structures for their durability and degree of damage. The results of the study can be used in organizing the repair of concrete and reinforced concrete building structures.
ENSURING TECHNOSPHERE SAFETY IN THE PRODUCTION OF EMULSION RUBBERS
Authors: Nikulin S. , Baturina E. , Vlasova L. , Rudyka E. , Nikulina N.
Published: August 2022

Synthetic polymer materials are in high demand due to their exceptional properties. Their main consumers are the tire and rubber industries. When producing synthetic rubbers, there is a loss of polymer in the form of fine crumb rubber, which is formed at the final stage of their production. Today, the removal of this crumb from the wastewater of latex rubber extraction plants is an urgent issue. The results of a study on the extraction of fine rubber crumbs are presented. The task is solved by using an apparatus for separating water phases in the technology, which allows more complete and rational use of expensive products of chemical and petrochemical production, increase productivity and environmental friendliness of production, which leads to an increase in technosphere safety in general. The optimal flow rates of aqueous phases passed through the spiral belt of the filter element, which is 15–25 m/s, have been determined. The separated water stream containing concentrated fine rubber crumb is returned to the styrene-butadiene latex coagulation stage. The purified water phase after the filter element is collected in a separate collector and used to prepare solutions of coagulating and acidifying agents. The additional introduction of finely dispersed rubber crumbs into the composition of the resulting coagulum do not lead to a deterioration in the basic physical and mechanical properties of the resulting rubbers and vulcanizates. The proposed method for industrial wastewater treatment improves safety in the technosphere.
Intergenerational diachronic connection as a communicative discourse in the folklore tradition of Slobidska Ukraine
Authors: Larysa Novykova
Published: August 2022

Slobidska Ukraine is an area of late settlement, the folklore of which had been formed for over three centuries under the influence of various socio-historical factors. A significant role in the preservation of ethno-cultural information was played by the mechanism of intergenerational diachronic communication, which reproduced the genres of the entire folklore scope. The dynamic 20th century made its adjustments to the existence of tradition, as the destruction of monocentric rural institutions affected the ways of functioning of the authentic folklore, destruction of certain genres and rituals, their transition from the active form to passive, and further into an artificial plane of life. Our purpose was to mark, which links of the once powerful chain of “civil culture” had been damaged. what exactly caused these damages, and how in this closed system of the rural environment, where there was an awareness of meanings that were equally understood and appreciated by society, the line of misunderstanding and oblivion started to appear. Recollections of elderly people who were witnesses of social changes in Kharkiv Region in 1920–50, as well as documentary data were used as the material for the analysis. Modern functional methods – the development of sociological questionnaires, the involvement of the materials from our own field research – allowed us to create a factual basis for the research and determined the scientific novelty. The evidence of the oldest generation of traditions carriers showed the shocking consequences of the artificial transformation of the society in the 1920–30s, which included not only the destruction of folklore as a type of culture within a holistic social awareness, but also the intruding of a new socio-cultural conglomerate of “parallel culture” of club institutions, which was broadcast not diachronically, horizontally, as is customary in the oral tradition, but imperativelyhierarchically, i.e. vertically, according to the directives from the “above”. In the rural environment, a situation of shaky balancing between “traditional” and “pseudo-folklore” culture arose, not in favor of the first. Thus, the communicative functions, due to which the society’s objective perception of traditional meanings and its self-regulation were possible, was destroyed, and folklore became a field where various political forces were constructing new cultural meanings to the detriment of the traditional. In the conditions of the gradual disappearance of the music of the authentic tradition, with the aim of same understanding and appreciation within the community of its inherent cultural meanings, the communicative discourse can become a regulator and a corrective factor.
V. Silvestrov’s Chamber Symphony “Spectra” in the context of avant-garde tendencies of Ukrainian culture of the 1960s
Authors: Romaniuk Іryna , Shchelkanova Svitlana
Published: August 2022

Statement of the problem. At present, the creative personality of Valentyn Silvestrov appears to be significant taking into account a well-established mission of the artist as a spokesman of the Ukrainian art of today on a global scale. Today in the conditions of historical challenges and victorious endurance of Ukraine, the chamber symphony “Spectra” (1965), created over 50 years ago, is actualized as a manifestation of free thinking. Neither in national nor in the world musicology has this work been the subject of special research; this fact determines the relevance of the topic of the scientific research. Analysis of recent research and publication. The works by O. Horodetska and O. Opanasiuk are devoted to the study of V. Silvestrov’s work in the context of avant-garde tendencies of Ukrainian culture of the 1960s. The main objective of the study is to consider V. Silvestrov’s chamber symphony “Spectra” in the context of avant-garde tendencies of Ukrainian culture of the 1960s. The scientific novelty of the research findings is closely related to the actualization of the study of the chamber symphony “Spectra”, which is of considerable interest for Ukrainian music science in the context of the study of avant-garde trends in Ukrainian culture of the 1960s. The concept of the research is based on the following scientific approaches: historical-cultural, genre, stylistic, structural-functional. In addition, the semantic and hermeneutic methods were employed. Results. The artistic community of Kyiv in the 1960s played an important role in the formation of underlying aesthetic principles of V. Silvestrov’s early style. The composer belonged to the creative group “Kyiv avant-garde”. Individual artists of the group played a crucial role in the creation of V. Silvestrov’s “Spectra” (1965). The name of the symphonic composition is directly connected with the dramaturgy of S. Paradjanov’s unfinished feature film “Kyiv Frescoes” (1965). “Spectra” is a three-movement symphony for chamber orchestra. The musical language of the work is based on the involvement of sonorous sounds, pointillism and aleatorics. Freedom of embodiment of the author’s expression is revealed at all levels: speech, composition, style. Conclusion. The Symphony “Spectra” for Chamber Orchestra (1965) reflects the early period of V. Silvestrov’s work. It was important to take into account the cross-cultural context when considering the early period of the composer’s work. It is about the work of the creative group “Kyiv avant-garde”, which became a unique phenomenon in the musical culture of the Ukrainian sixties. The chamber symphony “Spectra” is a special type of symphony and is the embodiment of the originality of the artistic thinking of V. Silvestrov.
Intelligent Processing of Data From Chlorophyll Fluorometric Sensors
Authors: Hrusha Volodymyr
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) is a monitoring method of plant objects. CFI is a radiation of chlorophyll in red spectrum during a chlorophyll lighting of alive plant in blue spectrum. Chlorophyll fluorometers – the special devices that are used for measurement of CFI. Series of such devices were developed in V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine. In particular, fluorometer «Floratest» and a network of wireless sensors were developed for CFI measurement. An accumulation of massive amount of measurements resulted into possibility to use intellectual methods like neural networks.
The purpose of the paper is to research the possibilities of machine learning methods (neural networks, support vector machine (SVM), XGBoost algorithm) for analysis of CFI curves that were measured by means of sensors developed in V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine.
Results. Neural networks, SVM, XGboost ensure early detection of influence of stress factors on state of plants before appearance of external symptoms on plants that was showed on basis of data received during experiments with treatment of plants by herbicide. Analogically there was showed the possibility of using the machine learning methods for determination of soil humidity. The better methods for given tasks were determined. The study of possibilities to enhance the results of mentioned methods by means of normalization was conducted. The best results were demonstrated by z-score normalization and by minimax normalization to the range [-1;1].
Conclusions. The application of different machine learning algorithm for processing CFI curves demonstrated that SVM and XGBoost better suit for task of classification plants treated by means of herbicide. Neural network demonstrated worst results. The application mentioned methods for task of determination of artificial watering necessity demonstrated that neural network shows better result, SVM shows worse result and XGBoost shows worst result. Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence induction, neural network, support vector machine, algorithm XGBoost.
Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy: Diagnostic Opportunities Based on Imaging Technologies (Literature Review)
Authors: Ринейская Н.М.
Published: August 2022

Некомпактная кардиомиопатия (НКМП) характеризуется уникальной морфологией миокарда, в основе которой лежит двуслойное строение миокарда: один слой образован компактным миокардом, другой слой представляет собой некомпактную структуру с множественными трабекулами и межтрабекулярными лакунами, сооб- щающимися с полостью левого желудочка. Классической триадой клинических проявлений НКМП в настоящее время считается развитие сердечной недостаточности, желудочковых тахиаритмий и системных тромбоэмболий. Диагностика НКМП основана преимущественно на данных методов визуализации (ЭхоКГ, МРТ сердца). В настоящее время нет единственных общепринятых диагностических критериев для НКМП и существует по меньшей мере шесть групп критериев – три для ЭхоКГ, три для МРТ сердца. Однако для постановки диагноза НКМП недостаточно только визуализирующих критериев, необходимо учитывать проявления заболевания во всех его аспектах (семейный анамнез, генетические, клинические и инструментальные данные), которые позволили бы различить доброкачественную гипертрабекулярность и НКМП. Разработан алгоритм, включающий как критерии визуализации, так и другие, более специфические параметры, который поможет клиницисту эффективнее диагностировать пациентов с НКМП. Целью данной статьи были обзор литературы по диагностическим критериям НКМП и предоставление простого и доступного диагностического алгоритма для различения фенотипа гипертрабекулярности и НКМП.

Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) is characterized by a unique morphology of the myocardium, which is based on a two-layer structure: one layer is formed by a compact myocardium, the other layer is a non-compact structure with multiple trabeculae and intertrabecular recesses communicating with left ventricular cavity. The classic triad of clinical manifestations of NCCM is currently considered to be the development of heart failure, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and systemic thromboembolism. Diagnosis of NCCM is based mainly on data from imaging methods (EchoCG, CMR). Currently, there are no single generally accepted diagnostic criteria for NCCM and there are at least six groups of criteria: three for EchoCG and three for CMR. However, for the diagnosis of NCCM, only visual criteria are not enough, it is necessary to take into account the manifestations of the disease in all its aspects (family history, genetic, clinical and instrumental data), which would make it possible to distinguish between benign hypertrabeculation and NCCM. An algorithm has been developed that includes both visualization criteria and other, more specific parameters, which will help the clinician diagnose patients with NCCM more effectively. The purpose of this article was to review the literature on the diagnostic criteria of NCCM and provide a simple and accessible diagnostic algorithm for distinguishing the phenotype of hypertrabeculation and NCCM.
PRESENCIA DE APOMIXIS EN CRUZAS DE NOPALES MEXICANOS Y SU IDENTIFICACIÓN MOLECULAR PRELIMINAR
Authors: Mondragón-Jacobo Candelario , B.-Bordelon Bruce
Published: August 2022

El nopal es endémico de México y se ha convertido en cultivo alternativo para producir fruta, verdura y forraje en zonas semiáridas; solamente cinco variedades soportan el mercado nacional de tuna. A nivel comercial el nopal es propagado vegetativamente, pero para su mejoramiento se requiere la propagación sexual. A diferencia de otros cultivos propagados por semilla, una limitante seria del mejoramiento genético del nopal es la apomixis, ya que dificulta la selección de individuos obtenidos de cruzas y complica los estudios genéticos, y disminuyen la eficiencia de los programas de mejoramiento. En este artículo se examina la presencia de plántulas apomícticas obtenidas de 17 progenies sobresalientes. El origen somático de las plántulas apomícticas provenientes de individuos de dos cruzas se corroboró por medio de la técnica RAPD. Las plántulas apomícticas se separaron con base en tiempo de emergencia y tamaño, el cual podría ser utilizado como marcador morfológico. Se detectó la presencia de efectos maternos asociados a la variedad CDO en la incidencia de plántulas apomícticas. La autopolinizacion incrementó significativamente el número de apomícticos en las variedades Amarilla CNF, Reyna y Rosalito.
Application of Factorial and Binomial Identities in Information, Cybersecurity and Machine Learning
Authors: ChinnarajiAnnamalai
Published: August 2022

This paper presents application of the binomial and factorial identities and expansions that are used in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cybersecurity. The factorial and binomial identities can be used as methodological advances for various algorithms and applications in information and computational science. Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting the computing systems, communication networks, data and programs from cyber-attacks. Its objective is to reduce the risk of cyber-attacks and protect against the unauthorized exploitation of systems and networks. For this purposes, we need a strong cryptographic algorithms like RSA algorithm and Elliptic Curve Cryptography. In this connection, computing and combinatorial techniques based on factorials and binomial distributions are developed for the researchers who are working in artificial intelligence and cybersecurity.
Impact of Treated Wastewater on Soil and Crops Irrigated Using Drip and Sprinkler Systems
Authors: Rawashdeh Rola N. , Abu-Awwad Ahmad M. , Tabbaa Mohammad J.
Published: August 2022

The Jordanian standards (JS893/2006) governing the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) in agricultural irrigation only permit the use of drip and/or surface irrigation, and ban Sprinkler irrigation usage except for golf fields, and only during the night. This research was conducted to investigate the impact of using drip and sprinkler irrigation systems using TWW on soil nutrients and crop quality. Three fields were irrigated with TWW (i) Alfalfa using sprinkler (AS), (ii) Barley using sprinkler (BS), and (iii) Barley using drip (BD). To give a comparison, another barley field received only rainwater (BR). Results showed that no E. coli was detected (< 3 MPN/gm) on the plants (alfalfa and barley) irrigated with TWW using either drip or sprinkler. The negligible presence of E. coli, if any, in the middle and lower parts of the alfalfa plant could be attributed to the sampling time and the dense leaf of alfalfa. Results revealed that irrigation systems have no significant effect on soil chemical properties. However, the effect of TWW on soil chemical properties was significant. The significant increase in soil chemical properties could be attributed to the TWW content and the amount of its usage.
Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) the Challenge and Management: A review
Authors: Qasem Jamal R.
Published: August 2022

Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are among the most damaging parasitic weeds to agriculture. The subsite themselves on the roots of a wide range of cultivated and wild-grown plant species of different plant families. These parasites are varied in morphology and plant hosts they attack, although they share a large number of host species. Certain Orobanche species are more specialized to plant species of specific growth forms such as fruit and forestry trees. All Orobanche species are obligatory parasites because they lack chlorophyll and thus heterotrophic completely depend on host plants for food and/or water absorbed through specialized organs called a haustoria. The present review introduces information on biology, ecology, distribution, host/parasite relationship, economic importance, and management of the most important Orobanche species widely spread in Jordan and worldwide that cause great yield loss of different economic crops and devastate yield totally under heavy infestation. Recent literature and overview information on methods of control followed in Jordan and different parts of the world are included and discussed.
صناعة الزيتون في الأردن
Authors: قرنفلة مصطفى
Published: August 2022

الأردن هو أحد بلدان الشرق الأوسط والذي يقع ما بين خطي عرض 29 و33 درجة شمالا وخطي طول 34 و39 درجة شرقا إذ تمكن ظروفه المناخية من زراعة أشجار الزيتون، لقد شهدت صناعة الزيتون في الأردن تقدما هائلا في آخر أربعين سنة الماضية (2020-1980)، ولقد شمل التقدم نواحي عدة منها على سبيل المثال استخدام التقانات الحديثة في إنتاج الغراس في المشاتل وتبني الزراعة المكثفة للأشجار وأنظمة التربية والتقليم. لقد كان لتبني إدارة بساتين الزيتون في كل نواحي مظاهر الإنتاج بدءً باختيار موقع البستان واستخدام الأسمدة والتسميد والري التكميلي وطرق الري واختيار أصناف الزيتون المناسبة للمواقع واستخدام الحصاد نصف الآلي وإنتاج الزيتون العضوي والمكافحة المتكاملة لآفات شجرة الزيتون ونهاية بتصنيع الزيتون واستخلاص الزيت.

لقد نتج عن التبني الصارم لإدارة بساتين الزيتون في مظاهرها آنفة الذكر وصول الأردن حالة الاكتفاء الذاتي بل إنه أصبح مصدرا. وبإجراء مقارنة بسيطة بين عامي 1997و2007, فقد قفز عدد الأشجار من 346,148 عام 1987 الى 11,127,000 في عام 2007, كما أن إنتاجية الزيتون ازدادت من 82,003 طن متري في عام 1997 إلى 138,689 طنا في عام 2008 وقفزت المساحة المزروعة بأشجار الزيتون من 94,139 الى 127,572 هكتار ولنفس الفترة الزمنية. من ناحية أخرى، تعزى الزيادة في الإنتاجية مباشرة لاستخدام الري التكميلي الذي مكن من زراعة أشجار الزيتون في الجزء الشرقي من المملكة باستخدام المياه الجوفية. لقد تغير إنتاج زيت الزيتون وزيتون المائدة والزيتون المصدر والمستورد تغيرا ملحوظا خلال الفترة ما بين عام 1986 و2006, وعلى سبيل المثال لا الحصر، بلغت الإنتاجية في زيتون المائدة والزيتون المصدر والمستورد عام 1986, 31,800 و1200 و300 طن على الترتيب، بينما في عام 2006 تغيرت هذه الارقام الى 146,800 و  2,700 وصفر طن على الترتيب، وأما بالنسبة لزيت الزيتون، بلغت الكمية التي تم تصديرها وتلك المستوردة 1,900 و 7,400 طن على الترتيب ولنفس العام 1986, بينما بلغت الكمية المصدرة 2500 طنا في عام 2006 والمستوردة صفر طناً.

مما تقدم، يستنتج أن مستقبل صناعة الزيتون في الأردن واعدة على المديين القصير والطويل.
Impact of Climate Change and Dry-Salting Preservation on Histamine Levels in Three Marine Fish Species
Authors: Khashroum Ashraf Omar
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to estimate the concentrations of histamine in three species of marine fish (fresh and preserved with dry salting). No significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in histamine concentrations were found among the Chirocenterus dorab, Scomberoides commersonianus, and Xiphias gladius fish species during summer or winter. On the other hand, the mean concentrations of histamine differed significantly (p < 0.05) between summer and winter in the fresh samples of the aforementioned fish species. In the case of the salted fish species, no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in histamine concentrations were detected in Chirocentrus dorab under all salt treatments (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). In contrast, significant differences (p < 0.05) in histamine concentrations were found between the two NaCl treatments of 5% and 20% in the Scomberoides commersonianus fish samples
The Effect of Size and Board Gender Diversity in Dividend Payout: An Applied Study on Service Shareholding Companies Listed in Amman Stock Exchange
Authors: Al Shaar Ishaq M.
Published: August 2022

This study aimed at identifying the effect of board size and board gender diversity on dividend payout and identifying the role of return on assets (ROA) in moderating the effect of size and board gender diversity on dividend payout. The study population consisted of (45) service shareholding companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE), during the period (2009-2018), using balanced panel data of (36) service companies with (360) observations. The results indicate that the level of female representation in the boards of service companies in Jordan is still low compared to other countries. The results also showed that board size and board gender diversity affect dividend payout. In addition, the return on assets moderates the effect of board size on dividend payout. The results also showed that the return on assets does not moderate the effect of board gender diversity on dividend payout. The study recommends that regulatory bodies should take a step towards encouraging gender diversity in boards to enhance board of directors' effectiveness, through amending legislations that regulate female participation in boards, such as the Jordanian Corporate Governance Code.
Technology Gap and the Mutual Impacts among Economic Gaps in Jordan: an Econometric Analysis 1973-2016
Authors: Al-Zu'bi Bashir Kh. , Athamneh Abdel Baset A.
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to estimate the size and direction of the technology gap in the Jordanian economy and the interrelationship between the economic resource gap, the private savings gap, and the government savings gap. It also aimed to estimate the impact of each of these gaps on economic growth. To achieve the study’s objectives, a simultaneous econometric model was developed including three behavioral equations, seven external variables, and three internal variables. The model was estimated using the method of Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS). The results showed that the economic resource gap had a positive and statistically significant effect on the real GDP growth rate, in contrast to the effects of the private savings gap and the public savings gap which were negative. The results also provided empirical evidence showing that the relationships between the gaps were reciprocal, not compensatory, as the government savings gap recorded the highest reciprocal effect. In addition, the estimated technology gap showed the size of the technical progress needed to achieve the potential production in case of full capacity utilization. Based on the results, the study recommended that Jordan adopt a prudent fiscal policy to narrow the government savings gap, and thus stimulate economic growth.
The Internal Determinants of the Profitability of Jordanian Islamic Banks
Authors: Al Badarin Abdalla M. , Al Nweran Thamer A.
Published: August 2022

This study examined the internal determinants of the profitability of Jordanian Islamic banks (Jordan Islamic Bank and International Islamic Arab Bank), using annual data covering 1997 to 2019. ARDL econometric method is used to estimate each bank model separately. Estimation results showed a relationship between the bank’s size and capital adequacy and the profitability of the two banks. There is also a positive relationship between asset management and the profitability of the Jordan Islamic Bank, the deposit ratio, and the profitability of the Islamic International Arab Bank. However, there is a negative relationship between the assets’ quality and operating efficiency and the profitability of the Jordanian Islamic banks. The study recommends that Islamic banks must work on increasing their profitability by increasing the size of their assets and the capital adequacy ratio and raising the quality of their assets by paying more attention to the way their clients are selected to reduce the default risk.