bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mass–Metallicity Relation at Cosmic Noon in Overdense Environments: First Results from the MAMMOTH–Grism HST Slitless Spectroscopic Survey
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Zihao , Cai Zheng , Shi Dong Dong , Fan Xiaohui , Zheng Xian Zhong , Bian Fuyan , Teplitz Harry I. , Alavi Anahita , Colbert James , Henry Alaina L. , Malkan Matthew A.
Published: February 2022

The MAMMOTH–Grism slitless spectroscopic survey is a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) cycle 28 medium program, which is obtaining 45 orbits of WFC3/IR grism spectroscopy in the density peak regions of three massive galaxy protoclusters at z = 2–3 discovered using the MAMMOTH technique. We introduce this survey by presenting the first measurement of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) at high redshift in overdense environments via grism spectroscopy. From the completed MAMMOTH–Grism observations in the field of the BOSS1244 protocluster at z = 2.24 ± 0.02, we secure a sample of 36 protocluster member galaxies at z ≈ 2.24, showing strong nebular emission lines ([O III], Hβ, and [O II]) in their G141 spectra. Using the multi-wavelength broadband deep imaging from HST and ground-based telescopes, we measure their stellar masses in the range of [109, 1010.4] M
⊙, instantaneous star formation rates (SFR) from 10 to 240 M
⊙ yr−1, and global gas-phase metallicities

[

1

3

,
1
]

of solar. Compared with similarly selected field-galaxy samples at the same redshift, our galaxies show, on average, increased SFRs by ∼0.06 dex and ∼0.18 dex at ∼1010.1
M
⊙ and ∼109.8
M
⊙, respectively. Using the stacked spectra of our sample galaxies, we derive the MZR in the BOSS1244 protocluster core as

12
+
log
(
O

/

H
)
=

0.136
±
0.018

×

log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
+

7.082
±
0.175

, showing a significantly shallower slope than that in the field. This shallow MZR slope is likely caused by the combined effects of efficient recycling of feedback-driven winds and cold-mode gas accretion in protocluster environments. The former effect helps low-mass galaxies residing in overdensities retain their metal production, whereas the latter effect dilutes the metal content of high-mass galaxies, making them more metal-poor than their coeval field counterparts.
A Third-epoch Proper Motion Study of the Forward Shock in Kepler’s Supernova Remnant
Authors: Coffin Sadie C. , Williams Brian J. , Katsuda Satoru
Published: February 2022

We present measurements of the expansion of Kepler’s Supernova Remnant (SNR) over three epochs of Chandra X-ray observations from 2000, 2006, and 2014. As the remnant of a historical supernova (observed in 1604 CE), Kepler’s SNR presents the rare opportunity to study the dynamical evolution of such an object in real time. Measurements of the asymmetry in the forward shock velocity can also provide insight into the nature of the explosion and density of the circumstellar material. By combining data from 2014 with previous epochs in 2000 and 2006, we can observe the proper motion of filaments along the outer rim of the SNR. Prior studies of Kepler’s SNR have shown proper motion differences up to a factor of 3 between the northern and southern regions around the remnant. With the longer time baseline we use here, we find results that are consistent with previous studies, but with smaller uncertainties. Additionally, by adding a third epoch of observations, we search for any systemic change in the velocity in the form of a deceleration of the blast wave, as was recently reported in Tycho’s SNR. We find little to no conclusive evidence of such deceleration, and conclude that Kepler’s SNR is encountering circumstellar material that is roughly constant in density, though substantially varied around the periphery.
[C ii] Map of the Molecular Ring and Arms of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 7331*
Authors: Sutter Jessica , Fadda Dario
Published: February 2022

We present the [C ii] 157.7 μm map of galaxy NGC 7331 obtained with the Field-Imaging Far-Infrared Line Spectrometer on board the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). This map extends an existent Herschel/Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer observation of the central strip of the galaxy to encompass the entire molecular ring and much of the disk, including multiple spiral arms with intense far-IR emission. We also present Herschel archival data of the [N ii] 205 μm line, which covers a substantial part of the [C ii] SOFIA observations and allows us to estimate the neutral fraction of the [C ii] emission along the ring and disk of the galaxy. We find that the neutral fraction rises with the distance from the center. In addition, by tracing the azimuthal variation of the neutral fraction, we are able to see how our observing perspective affects this measurement. The high inclination of NGC 7331 allows us to glimpse the internal walls of the molecular ring. There, young bright stars emit UV radiation causing more [C ii] emission to be produced in the ionized gas. On the outer walls, opaque dust shrouds the rest of the ring, making the neutral medium the dominant source of [C ii] emission. Through spatial analysis comparing the [C ii] emission to tracers of gas heating, we are able to investigate how the photoelectric heating efficiency varies throughout NGC 7331 and extend global measurements of the [C ii] deficit to local environments. Since the origin of [C ii] emission has typically been studied in face-on galaxies, our results shed a new light on the interpretation of [C ii] emission, especially when studying distant galaxies with unknown inclination.
Hierarchical Inference of Binary Neutron Star Mass Distribution and Equation of State with Gravitational Waves
Authors: Golomb Jacob , Talbot Colm
Published: February 2022

Gravitational-wave observations of binary neutron star mergers provide valuable information about neutron star structure and the equation of state of dense nuclear matter. Numerous methods have been proposed to analyze the population of observed neutron stars, and previous work has demonstrated the necessity of jointly fitting the astrophysical distribution and the equation of state in order to accurately constrain the equation of state. In this work, we introduce a new framework to simultaneously infer the distribution of binary neutron star masses and the nuclear equation of state using Gaussian mixture model density estimates, which mitigates some of the limitations previously used methods suffer from. Using our method, we reproduce previous projections for the expected precision of our joint mass distribution and equation-of-state inference with tens of observations. We also show that mismodeling the equation of state can bias our inference of the neutron star mass distribution. While we focus on neutron star masses and matter effects, our method is widely applicable to population inference problems.
Cosmological Constraints on Nonflat Exponential f(R) Gravity
Authors: Geng Chao-Qiang , Hsu Yan-Ting , Lu Jhih-Rong
Published: February 2022

We explore the viable f(R) gravity models in FLRW backgrounds with a free spatial curvature parameter Ω
K
. In our numerical calculation, we concentrate on the exponential f(R) model of

f
(
R
)
=
R
−
λ

R

ch

(
1
−
exp
(
−
R

/

R

ch

)
)

, where R
ch is the characteristic curvature scale, which is independent of Ω
K
, and λ corresponds to the model parameter, while R
ch
λ = 2Λ with Λ the cosmological constant. In particular, we study the evolutions of the dark energy density and equation of state for exponential f(R) gravity in open, flat, and closed universes, and compare with those for ΛCDM. From the current observational data, we find that

λ

−
1

=

0.42927

−
0.32927

+
0.39921

at 68% C.L. and

Ω

K

=
−

0.00050

−
0.00414

+
0.00420

at 95% C.L. in the exponential f(R) model. By using the Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, and Deviance Information Criterion, we conclude that there is no strong preference between the exponential f(R) gravity and ΛCDM models in the nonflat universe.
Partitioning of Atmospheric O2 into High-pressure Ice in Ocean Worlds
Authors: Levi A. , Sasselov D.
Published: February 2022

Planets with a few percent water by mass may have a high-pressure ice mantle separating the rocky interior from both the ocean and atmosphere. Here we examine whether the partitioning of O2 into high-pressure ice can constrain the atmospheric abundance of O2 produced by water photolysis in the atmosphere. We find that the partition coefficient of dissolved O2 between high-pressure ice and liquid water is about unity. We show that the solubility of O2 in high-pressure water ice yields an upper value for the atmospheric abundance of O2 that depends on the ocean surface temperature. The atmospheric pressure of O2 has a maximum of approximately 3000 bars. The latter drops to a few hundred bars as the surface temperature of the ocean approaches supercritical conditions.
Infrared Spectroscopy of the Nova V5588 Sagittarii During Secondary Outburst
Authors: Rudy Richard J. , Russell Ray W. , Sitko Michael L.
Published: February 2022

V5588 Sagittarii (Nova Sagittarii 2011 No. 2) was one of the rare novae that undergo outbursts after the initial explosion, and was extreme in that it did so six times. We present 0.8–5.1 μm spectroscopy acquired during the second of these so-called secondary maxima, when the nova was still near its peak brightness and when differences among emission line profiles were most pronounced. Our spectrum supplements and enlarges the wavelength coverage of the extensive observational data set presented by Munari et al. We highlight the differences between the emission line profiles of H i, He i, and Fe ii and point out differences between the narrow and broad line components of the H i lines. We also include identifications for a few weak, previously unobserved Fe ii features in the midwave-infrared.
Integration of vegetation classification with land cover mapping: lessons from regional mapping efforts in the Americas
Authors: Comer Patrick J. , Hak Jon C. , Dockter Daryn , Smith Jim
Published: February 2022

Aims: Natural resource management and biodiversity conservation rely on inventories of vegetation that span multiple management or political jurisdictions. However, while remote sensing data and analytical tools have enabled production of maps at increasing spatial resolution and reliability, there are limited examples where national or continental-scaled maps are produced to represent vegetation at high thematic detail. We illustrate two examples that have bridged the gap between traditional land cover mapping and modern vegetation classification. Study area: Our two case studies include national (USA) and continental (North and South America) vegetation and land cover mapping. These studies span conditions from subpolar to tropical latitudes of the Americas. Methods: Both case studies used a supervised modeling approach with the International Vegetation Classification (IVC) to produce maps that provide for greater thematic detail. Georeferenced locations for these vegetation types are used by machine learning algorithms to train a predictive model and generate a distribution map. Results: The USALANDFIRE (Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Project) case study illustrates how a history of vegetation-based classification and availability of key inputs can come together to generate standard map products covering more than 9.8 million km2 that are unsurpassed anywhere in the world in terms of spatial and thematic resolution. That being said, it also remains clear that mapping at the thematic resolution of the IVC Group and finer resolution require very large and spatially balanced inputs of georeferenced samples. Even with extensive prior data collection efforts, these remain a key limitation. The NatureServe effort for the Americas - encompassing 22% of the global land surface - demonstrates methods and outputs suitable for worldwide application at continental scales. Conclusions: Continued collection of input data used in the case studies could enable mapping at these spatial and thematic resolutions around the globe.

Abbreviations: CART = Classification and Regression Tree; CONUS = Conterminous United States; DSWE = Dynamic Surface Water Extent; EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency; FGDC = Federal Geographic Data Committee; IVC = International Vegetation Classification; LANDFIRE = Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Project; LFRDB = LANDFIRE Reference Database; LiDAR = Light Detection and Ranging; NDVI = Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NLCD = National Land Cover Database; USNVC = United States National Vegetation Classification; USA = United States of America; WWF = World Wildlife Fund or Worldwide Fund for Nature.
PROMIS Provides a Broader Overview of Health-related Quality of Life Than the ESSPRI in Evaluation of Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: DiRenzo Dana D. , Robinson Susan , Bingham Clifton O. , Baer Alan N. , Grader-Beck Thomas
Published: February 2022

Objective

Sjögren syndrome (SS) has a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We sought to evaluate how the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) domains in SS may supplement the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI).

Methods

A cross-sectional evaluation was performed on consecutive adult patients during visits to an SS clinic between March 2018 and February 2020. Each patient completed PROMIS short forms related to HRQOL and the ESSPRI, and had a clinical assessment. Patients were either classified as SS by 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/EULAR criteria, or as “sicca not otherwise specified (NOS)” and used as a comparison group. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate predictors of PROMIS fatigue (-F), pain interference (-PI), and ability to participate in social roles and activities (-APS).

Results

Two hundred twenty-seven patients with SS and 85 with sicca NOS were included and did not differ in ESSPRI domains; 26% of the SS and 20% of the sicca NOS group had concurrent autoimmune disease. In SS, PROMIS-PI, PROMIS-F, and PROMIS physical function were at least one-half SD worse than US population normative values. PROMIS-PI (r = 0.73) and PROMIS-F (r = 0.80) were highly correlated with ESSPRI pain and fatigue subdomains. Fatigue and pain interference, but not dryness or mood disturbance, were the strongest predictors of social participation in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

In our SS cohort, PROMIS instruments identified a high disease burden of pain interference, fatigue, and physical function. PROMIS-F strongly predicted PROMIS-APS. PROMIS-PI and PROMIS-F scores correlated highly with their respective ESSPRI domains. PROMIS instruments should be considered to identify relevant HRQOL patterns in SS.
Impaired Fibrinolysis Is Linked With Digital Vasculopathy and Onset of New Digital Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Colic Jelena , Pruner Iva , Damjanov Nemanja , Pekmezovic Tatjana , Sefik-Bukilica Mirjana , Antovic Aleksandra
Published: February 2022

Objective.

To assess thrombin generation, fibrin formation, and structure together with the fibrinolytic status in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in relation to the occurrence of digital ulcers (DUs) during the course of disease.

Methods.

We studied variables of endothelial dysfunction, thrombin generation, overall hemostatic potential, and fibrin clot turbidity in plasma from 58 patients with SSc (39 with DU history and 19 DU-naïve) and 46 matched healthy controls (HCs). Fibrin structure was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, 39 patients with a history of DUs were followed for 1.5 years and the predictive value of all investigated markers for new DU onset was explored.

Results.

Significantly enhanced endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and prolonged clot lysis time (CLT) were found in patients with DUs compared to HCs. CLT was prolonged in patients with DUs compared to those without, showing good validity in identifying DUs with an area under the curve of 0.7 (95% CI 0.6–0.8). The levels of ETP and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were independently associated with CLT. Over the follow-up period, 20 patients developed new DUs. CLT was prolonged (P < 0.001) in patients with new DU episodes, especially those with recurrent DUs. Regression analysis showed that the Raynaud phenomenon visual analog scale and CLT were predictors of new DUs (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.1 and OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3, respectively). SEM confirmed denser fibrin clots in patients with new DUs.

Conclusion.

Our results suggest that impaired fibrinolysis might have an emerging role in underlying digital vasculopathy and its progression in SSc.
Physician- and Patient-reported Effectiveness Are Similar for Tofacitinib and TNFi in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data From a Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry
Authors: Movahedi Mohammad , Cesta Angela , Li Xiyuing , Keystone Edward C. , Bombardier Claire ,   the OBRI Investigators
Published: February 2022

Objective

Tofacitinib (TOF) is an oral, small-molecule drug used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment and is one of several alternative treatments to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). We evaluated physician- and patient-reported effectiveness of TNFi compared to TOF, using real-world data from the Ontario Best Practices Research Initiative (OBRI).

Methods

Patients enrolled in the OBRI initiating TOF or TNFi between 2014 and 2019 were included. Patients were required to have physician- and patient-reported effectiveness outcome data, including Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and RA Disease Activity Index (RADAI), available at treatment initiation and 6 (± 2) months later. To deal with confounding by indication, we estimated propensity scores (PS) for covariates.

Results

Four hundred nineteen patients were included. Of those, 226 initiated a TNFi and 193 TOF, and had a mean (SD) disease duration of 8.0 (8.7) and 12.6 (9.6) years, respectively. In addition, the TNFi group was less likely to have prior biologic use (21.7%) compared to the TOF group (67.9%). The proportion of patients in CDAI low disease activity (LDA)/remission (REM) at 6 months was 36.7% and 33.2% in the TNFi and TOF groups, respectively. The generalized linear mixed models adjusting for PS quantile showed that there was no significant difference in CDAI LDA/REM (odds ratio [OR] 0.85, 95% CI 0.51–1.43) and RADAI coefficient (OR 0.48, 95% CI –0.18 to 1.14) between the 2 groups (ref: TOF).

Conclusion

In patients with RA, physician- and patient-reported effectiveness are similar in the TNFi and TOF groups 6 months after treatment.
Clinical Controversies in Psoriatic Disease: The Use of IL-17i/IL-23i Versus TNFi as First-line Advanced Therapy in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Jadon Deepak R. , Kavanaugh Arthur , Leung Ying Ying
Published: February 2022

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex, heterogeneous disease, with disease activity in various domains. In recent years, many novel treatments with diverse mechanisms of action have been introduced into the clinical setting. Numerous factors go into the choice and sequencing of different therapies for individual patients. At the 2021 Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) annual meeting, a point/counterpoint debate was held addressing therapeutic choices. Specifically, the question addressed was whether interleukin (IL)-17/IL-23 inhibitors or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors are the appropriate initial therapy for patients with PsA.
Musées et développement international : l’action culturelle française au Vietnam, au Laos et au Cambodge
Authors: Paquette Jonathan
Published: February 2022

Ces dernières années, plusieurs programmes de recherche en muséologie ont mis en lumière la contribution des musées aux relations internationales. Cet article s’intéresse au rôle du musée comme catalyseur de développement et de coopération internationale. En s’appuyant sur l’expérience de la coopération culturelle française au Vietnam, au Laos et au Cambodge depuis les années 1990, cet article met en relief certaines caractéristiques typiques de cette approche de la diplomatie d’influence. La mobilisation des musées dans le cadre de projets de développement et de coopération internationale révèle notamment d’autres dynamiques de « transferts » à l’œuvre dans le champ muséal, mais aussi d’autres stratégies politiques mettant en scène les musées. Enfin, cet article s’intéresse également aux enjeux de légitimité politique ainsi qu’aux nuances qui s’imposent pour bien saisir les modes d’influence qui sont impliqués dans les discours et pratiques du développement.
Savoirs, dispositifs et médiations des risques alimentaires : le scandale des œufs contaminés au fipronil
Authors: Allard-Huver François
Published: February 2022

Dans un contexte où les controverses et crises sanitaires liées à l’alimentation augmentent, on observe une méfiance croissante des consommateurs envers la qualité des aliments et les risques alimentaires. En nous appuyant sur les théories en communication des organisations autour des dispositifs, la communication de crise et les risques, nous observons les différents niveaux d’agencement des savoirs produits autour de l’alimentation. Pour ce faire, ce travail interroge précisément les différents niveaux et moyens de réponse déployés dans le cadre d’une crise alimentaire, celle du « scandale des œufs contaminés au fipronil » à l’été 2017. Face à une critique importante de la réponse institutionnelle, d’autres acteurs proposent leur propre réponse et construisent de nouveaux dispositifs autour de l’enjeu d’une transparence accrue.
Modeling repellent-based interventions for control of vector-borne diseases with constraints on extent and duration
Authors: Rashkov Peter ,   Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akademik Georgi Bonchev, blok 8, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: February 2022

We study a simple model for a vector-borne disease with control intervention based on clothes and household items treated with mosquito repellents, which has constraints on the extent (population coverage) and on the time duration reflecting technological and physical properties. We compute first, the viability kernel of initial data of the model for which exists an optimal control that maintains the infected host population below a given cap for all future times. Second, we use the viability kernel to compute the set of initial data of the model for which exists an optimal control that brings this population below the cap in a time period not exceeding the intervention's duration. We discuss applications of this framework in predicting and evaluating the performance of control interventions under the given type of constraints.
New classifications of monotonicity investigation for discrete operators with Mittag-Leffler kernel
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Goodrich Christopher S. , Brzo Aram Bahroz , Baleanu Dumitru , Hamed Yasser S. ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia,   Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq,   Department of Mathematics, Cankaya University, Balgat 06530, Ankara, Turkey,   Institute of Space Sciences, Magurele-Bucharest R76900, Romania,   Department of Mathematics, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Published: February 2022

This paper deals with studying monotonicity analysis for discrete fractional operators with Mittag-Leffler in kernel. The $ \nu- $monotonicity definitions, namely $ \nu- $(strictly) increasing and $ \nu- $(strictly) decreasing, are presented as well. By examining the basic properties of the proposed discrete fractional operators together with $ \nu- $monotonicity definitions, we find that the investigated discrete fractional operators will be $ \nu^2- $(strictly) increasing or $ \nu^2- $(strictly) decreasing in certain domains of the time scale $ \mathbb{N}_a: = \{a, a+1, \dots\} $. Finally, the correctness of developed theories is verified by deriving mean value theorem in discrete fractional calculus.
Izazovi legalizacije građevina u lukama nautičkog turizma
Authors:   Adriatic Croatia International Club, Rijeka, Hrvatska, Ljubetić Sanja
Published: February 2022

U radu se analizira problematika i izazovi s kojima se susreću investitori u lukama nautičkog turizma prilikom pribave dozvola za postojeće građevine, koje slijedom povijesno neuređene pravne situacije nemaju potrebne dozvole. Posebna pozornost u radu posvećuje se problematici legalizacije građevina sukladno definiciji lučke suprastrukture sadržanoj u općim odredbama Zakona o pomorskom dobru i morskim lukama. Daje se pregled i ocjena normativnog uređenja te postupanja u praksi kao i prijedlozi usmjereni boljoj pravnoj uređenosti navedenog područja.
Prikaz knjige: Marko Pavliha, “Transport Law on Passenger Rights”, Routledge, 2021.
Authors:   Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska, Radionov Nikoleta
Published: February 2022

Knjiga Transport Law on Passenger Rights (Prava putnika u transportnom pravu) u izdanju uglednog nakladnika Routledgea donosi nam najnoviji i cjelokupan pregled pravnog uređenja prava potrošača u svim granama transporta osim plovidbe unutarnjim plovnim putevima. Verziranima u području to je dovoljna informacija o važnosti i kompleksnosti ove publikacije. Prava potrošača u EU-u postala su iznimno važno područje prava, koje se posljednja dva desetljeća eksplozivno razvija i čijoj se implementaciji u praksi pridaje veliko značenje, sve s ciljem poboljšanja kvalitete života građana EU-a. Kao dio te cjelovite gospodarsko-političke platforme u posljednjih se 15-ak godina razvilo sasvim novo područje transportnog prava: prava putnika kao specifičnih potrošača u svim granama prijevoza. Taj se cilj postupno ostvaruje donošenjem novih propisa EU-a kojima se sankcionira neuredno izvršenje prijevoza (otkaz, uskrata putovanja, duža kašnjenja u polasku) te se inzistira na kvalitetnijem postupku informiranja putnika o tim pravima prije puta i jednostavnijem i učinkovitijem postupku ostvarenja propisanih prava u slučaju takve povrede. Ono što je bitno istaknuti jest činjenica da su ova prava putnika nova u odnosu na postojeći pravni okvir odgovornosti prijevoznika za štetu putniku u svim granama prometa, koji je većinom uređen međunarodnim konvencijama (ali ne uvijek) i koncentriran na obeštećenje u slučaju tjelesnih povreda i smrti putnika te (dokazane) štete u slučaju kašnjenja putnika u dolasku na odredište. Dakle, tradicionalni pravni okvir koji (u nekim granama prometa) već gotovo stoljeće uređuje prava putnika koncentriran je na naknadu stvarno nastale i dokazane štete, za koju prijevoznik odgovara prema različitim modalitetima, ovisno o specifičnostima pojedine grane prometa. Za razliku od takvih postupaka, koji se pokreću u slučaju vrlo teških povreda i posljedica proizašlih iz povrede ugovora o prijevozu putnika, nova prava EU-a usmjerena su na kompenzaciju u svakom slučaju neurednog izvršenja usluge od strane prijevoznika, koja nema karakter naknade stvarno nastale štete, već zakonskog penala/kazne za prijevoznika, što čini bitnu razliku za putnika koji želi brzo i učinkovito ostvariti naknadu u slučaju neurednog izvršenja prijevoza, tijekom kojih ipak nije pretrpio dokazivu materijalnu štetu ili povredu prava osobnosti. U konačnici, splet pravnih pravila koja danas uređuju sva prava putnika iz ugovora o prijevozu u različitim granama prometa složen je, višeslojan i zahtjevan za primjenu i razumijevanje te je stoga nova publikacija grupe cijenjenih međunarodnih stručnjaka o toj temi posebno važna i s radošću primljena od strane verzirane stručne javnosti.
Constitutional Interpretation or Construction of the Government-Formation Process in Kosovo
Authors:   Faculty of Law, UBT College, Prishtinë, Kosovo, Selimi Behar , Jashari Murat ,   Faculty of Law, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosovo
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes the constitutional provisions and practices of the Kosovar process of forming a government in two scenarios: after a parliamentary election, and after a motion of no confidence. The factors that most prominently complicate this process are the proportional electoral system, extreme party pluralism, and ambiguous constitutional provisions. Leaving aside the first two factors, which have thus far resisted efforts to change them, the authors claim that the constitutional law dealing with the government-formation process has undergone both procedural and substantive changes as a result of interpretations and decisions by the Constitutional Court. The authors further note that these changes are constitutional constructions, rather than constitutional interpretations, and describe the novel, resultant practice as legitimized without amendment. These constitutional interpretations and constructions, their possible alternatives, and the relevant constitutional provisions are analyzed through doctrinal legal research. That constitutional judgments can be reinterpreted and abused by interim, and office-seeking (rather than policy-seeking) political coalitions seems a condition poised to engender future instability; therefore, the authors hold that the amendment of the constitution is the best insurance against political and constitutional crises when it comes to forming a government, either after elections or with the same legislature. The authors hope that this paper will contribute to the enrichment of the constitutional practice of forming parliamentary governments and the development of the doctrine of constitutional interpretation.
ILO Contributions to the Jurisprudence of International Human Rights Bodies
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Saint Petersburg State University, Gatchina, Leningrad region, Russia, Sychenko Elena
Published: February 2022

The paper addresses the role of the International Labour Organization (ILO) in the consideration of cases and in the interpretation of international human rights instruments by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the European Court of Human Rights. As labour rights form part of internationally recognized human rights the author attempts to evaluate the penetration of ILO standards and legal reasoning into the adjudication of human rights cases and interpretation of human rights instruments by other international bodies. The analysis of the jurisprudence of the CESCR and the ECtHR demonstrates that the ILO standards and the legal reasoning are always referred to in the cases related to labour rights and serve as a source of “substantial filling” of both the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights.
Corps reconfigurés ou corps augmentés ? Techno-imaginaire de la figure du cyborg chez les personnes en situation de handicap
Authors: Bretel Alexandre
Published: February 2022

La figure du cyborg, appartenant pourtant au domaine de la science-fiction, semble de plus en plus répandue dans la communication médiatique au travers de figure sportive, de biotechnologie prothétique miracle ou de promesses d’augmentations continues. Le discours transhumaniste participe de cette communication pour présenter son agenda biopolitique et se sert de la figure de la personne handicapée comme incorporation de ses idéaux. L’expérience de terrain, la prise en compte du ressenti, du vécu et des aspirations des usagers des dispositifs prothétiques vient remettre en cause cette représentation. D’autres imaginaires, plus proches d’une reconfiguration que d’une augmentation de l’individu prothétisé, gagneraient à être conceptualisés.
Le rapport magique à l’Intelligence Artificielle, ou comment vivre avec l’aliénation technique
Authors: Reigeluth Tyler
Published: February 2022

Cette contribution considère le thème de l’aliénation technique dans la philosophique politique depuis l’enjeu renouvelé de l’Intelligence Artificielle. Dans un premier temps, il s’agit de proposer une clarifi­cation conceptuelle sur ce qu’il faut entendre par « aliénation tech­nique » et pourquoi celle-ci semble insister autant comme leitmotiv de la pensée politique. Il s’agit notamment de suivre une perspective réaliste à partir de laquelle l’aliénation technique serait à la fois une condition et une limite indépassable et constitutive de nos processus de subjectivation. Ensuite, il s’agit de problématiser la question du rapport magique à la technique en montrant que la modernité, plutôt que d’avoir chassé celui-ci, l’a en réalité refoulé dans une « pénombre psychique » où les comportements humains et machiniques s’imitent et se troublent. Enfin, j’esquisse comment le paradigme ludique offre une heuristique pour repenser un rapport magique à la technique qui serait désindexé du régime normatif du travail et permettrait d’envi­sager une forme d’aliénation plus vivable.
A oralidade nas redes sociais: conceitos e características à luz da enunciação
Authors: Hilgert José Gaston
Published: February 2022

Resumo: O domínio dos gêneros discursivos se desenvolve com o próprio uso e aprendizado da língua, até porque desenvolvemos nossas habilidades linguístico-discursivas em situações de prática social, que determinam os temas de que falamos e sua configuração composicional e estilística. Desenvolvimento similar se verifica no uso dos gêneros discursivos nas redes sociais. Os jovens, em especial os nativos digitais, por terem crescido e se desenvolvido na intimidade com as tecnologias de interação, foram internalizando que, para tratar de certos temas, em determinados contextos e situações, precisam conversar, ainda que escrevam. Isso significa que, nas redes sociais, certos contextos de interação demandam gêneros que, embora de expressão escrita, são constitutivamente orais. A oralidade é assim concebida como um traço que pode ser comum a ambas as expressões, fala e escrita. Trataremos neste artigo de conceituar e caracterizar essa oralidade nas redes sociais. Discutiremos, nesse sentido, a noção de oralidade constitutiva; sustentaremos essa noção com base em fundamentos da enunciação; e a transferiremos para a caracterização das interações na internet. Por fim, mostraremos a emergência dessa oralidade no espaço discursivo do Facebook.
Palavras-chave: oralidade; redes sociais; enunciação.
A Discussion on Perceived Life Quality, Work-Family Conflict, and Workplace Bullying
Authors: Bülbül Seçil , İşiaçık Serin
Published: February 2022

Working adults have been facing several challenges in their work lives. Individuals encounter conflicts between their work and domestic duties and feel strain due to job-related and family-related demands. Workplace bullying is increasingly being recognized as a serious problem in the modern organization. Being exposed to workplace bullying influences individuals' relations with other family members and their personal lives as well. Thus, since organizational psychology and management science have been increasingly focused on spiritual aspects of individuals' experiences within work life, the main goal of the study is to highlight the importance of improving the quality of work-life and its relationship with modern families. In particular, this study focuses on the relationship between workplace bullying, perceived life quality, and work-family conflict within the scope of human capital and workplace spirituality. Following the conceptual definitions and findings of previous research, some practical and theoretical recommendations are presented.
FOSCE
Authors: Barua Banya , John Burgess
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to develop a definition of equanimity and present a scale for its measurement. Equanimity is defined as a non-cognitive behavioural having the qualities of flexibility, objectivity, self-awareness, compassion, and equilibrium (FOSCE). In turn, it is linked to the development of workplace spirituality through Swadharma. The presence of equanimity is accepted as presence of Swadharma. Gaps in the previous assessments of equanimity provide a foundation for its development. FOSCE measures the five qualities from two perspectives – the participants and that of their associate/s. The maximum match of responses proves the presence of equanimity. The simplicity and versatility of the developed measure means that it can be applied without being time consuming makes it an ideal tool to assess equanimity and comprehend the maturity of Swadharma in individuals. Practical application of the scale includes assessing leadership development and assessing equanimity for detecting the presence of workplace spirituality.
Surviving Through Religious Coping and Intrinsic Spirituality
Authors: Bhatt Prachi , Siraj Sadaf
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has in more than one way caused dramatic disruption in the way workplaces and workforces are being managed. The challenge today is to address immediate to long-term psychological effects of such a crisis on employee well-being. Religiosity and spirituality have been found to be contributing to the resolve and resilience of human beings. The present study aims to explore the role of sex, marital status, religious preference, and family-type of the respondents on their religious coping and intrinsic spirituality as mechanisms to deal with a mental illness, depression, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents are working professionals working from home amid COVID-19. The findings reveal that religious preferences played a significant role in differentiating religious coping mechanisms of respondents. Intrinsic spirituality, religious coping, and sense of fear significantly explained the depression experienced by employees. The chapter discusses implications of the findings and simultaneously underlines the holistic approach of employee management amid a crisis such as COVID-19.
Critical Service-Learning and Cultural Humility
Authors: Terrance Traci C. , Watkins Marie L. , Jimerson Lauren
Published: February 2022

Racial, ethnic, and cultural context impacts how communities perceive problems, and ultimately their perception of what is deemed helpful. Thus, a lack of awareness of these particularities can render service-learning efforts ineffective. This chapter highlights a 12-year service-learning partnership between a predominantly White, comprehensive, liberal arts college and the local Haudenosaunee community. Pedagogical strategies utilizing the Six Requirements (6Rs) of service-learning and informed by cultural humility act as a transformative way to facilitate student readiness to engage with the said community. Cultural humility is positioned as a process that transforms service-learning into critical service-learning, as it enhances students' ability to engage in critical self-reflection, mitigating the toxic elements and empathic failures of uninformed service-learning efforts. This chapter contributes to more mindful service-learning efforts, challenging all to work with service-learning partners in a manner that keeps community voice and choice at the core of service.
Fostering the Disposition to Serve
Authors: Riggle Reid Richard
Published: February 2022

Many teacher candidates enter teacher preparation programs with the desire to serve or to change the lives of others. Teacher education programs are uniquely positions leverage this desire to serve through intentional service-learning field placements. Service-learning, particularly early in the preparation program, can play a critical role in building the disposition to serve. This chapter explores one way teacher preparation programs can cultivate the orientation to serve high-need schools. Candidates enrolled in the Village Project serve in high-need schools, address a real community and educational need, and are provided reflection opportunities to connect the experience to their developing knowledge of learning and motivation. Ultimately, the goal the Village Project as an early service-learning field experience is to help teacher candidates develop a professional identity that increases the personal desire to work in educational communities that have a need.
Designing Effective International Community Service-Learning Experiences
Authors: Beckford Clinton
Published: February 2022

International community service-learning has become increasingly accepted as an effective approach to promoting global education and intercultural knowledge among post-secondary students. Professional schools have been at the forefront of this trend, pioneered perhaps by medical schools. Today, university faculties of education and teacher education programs more generally, are now leaders in advancing ICSL pedagogies. There is now overwhelming evidence that ICSL experiences that are well planned and implemented can be transformative on personal and professional levels. This chapter discusses how effective ICSL experiences can be effected. Drawing on qualitative research from an ICSL for pre-service teachers, the author offers some suggestions for increasing the impacts of such programs.
Enhancing Community-Based Learning in Social Work Education Through a Social Marketing Approach
Authors: Mari Carlo
Published: February 2022

How do universities engage with local communities? How is a pedagogy of engagement introduced into a graduate professional degree? Are there any new approaches for linking campuses with communities? Is social marketing a useful approach when considering community engagement? The chapter aims to answer these questions by proposing a novel approach based on applying social marketing to the scholarship of teaching. Specifically, it draws on an example of a university graduate course in social marketing within a master's program in social work at an Italian university. The experience shows how a social marketing perspective helps social work students address social issues that face local communities through service-learning.
Unconventional Delivery
Authors: Hendrix T. J.
Published: February 2022

As university programs compete to retain and increase enrollment, online courses are being created to meet the demands of a rising population of students with preferences for self-paced learning. The 2015 Babson Survey Research Group report tracking online education in the United States shows 70.7% of active degree-granting institutions open to the public have some distance-learning options. In the same report, two- and four-year public institutions offering distance learning course were reported to have “very high” rates of offerings for distance learning, with both showing over 90% of enrolled students taking at least one online course. This chapter examines the need to gap between content and application in online learning through service-learning and outlines a process for implementing service-learning projects with emphasis on e-service-learning. As distance learning continues to grow, the need for innovative pedagogical methods will also grow, which makes service-learning an attractive strategy.
Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Student Perceived E-Learning Service Quality
Authors: Pham Long , Kim Kioh , Walker Bruce , DeNardin Thomas , Le Hanh
Published: February 2022

While universities have been trying to focus their resources and attention on improving e-learning, many universities seem to be lagging behind students' increasing demands and expectations. In order to sustainably grow in an increasingly competitive e-learning environment, it is clear that universities must provide e-learning students with high quality services. To do this, universities are required to understand the attributes that e-learning students use to evaluate service quality. Unfortunately, little research on e-learning service quality has been conducted. This study developed and validated an instrument to measure student perceived e-learning service quality. Based on the relevant literature review and using responses from 1,232 e-learning students, the authors validated a three-factor e-learning service quality instrument involving e-learning system quality, e-learning instructor and course materials quality, and e-learning administrative and support service quality. Among these three factors, e-learning system quality makes the highest contribution to overall e-learning service quality, followed by e-learning instructor and course materials quality, and e-learning administrative and support service quality. This scale provides a useful measurement for researchers who wish to measure e-learning service quality and for university administrators and managers who want to enhance universities' e-learning servie quality.
REACH for Health
Authors: Marttinen Risto , Fredrick III Ray N. , Villanueva Anthony J.
Published: February 2022

This chapter begins by briefly introducing the background of service-learning in kinesiology and, more specifically, physical education. A push for service-learning at the university level has led to teacher education programs across the nation to implement a variety of programs to provide their students with opportunities to engage in meaningful educational experiences. The main objective of this chapter is to provide an explanation of how one regional comprehensive University in California re-imagined their teacher education program to provide undergraduate students various service-learning experiences before attending a teaching credential program. These service-learning courses provide a service to under-resourced schools in the community while providing pre-service teachers authentic learning and teaching experiences.
Service-Learning as a Means for Preparing Preservice Teachers to Work With English Language Learners
Authors: Cho Hyesun , Adams Debby J.
Published: February 2022

This chapter explores ways in which preservice content-area teachers were engaged in service-learning as part of a teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) methods course at a public research university in the U.S. Midwest. It describes the reflections of 26 undergraduate students majoring in English Language Arts, Math, Science, Foreign Languages, and Social Studies Education, who were involved in service-learning as a medial field experience. Findings reveal that the experience contributed tremendously to their understanding of the backgrounds of English language learners as well as the challenges these learners faced in and out of school. As a result of this “eye-opening” experience, teacher candidates reported a commitment to valuing diversity and equity in their future classrooms, as well as a responsibility to advocate for their culturally and linguistically diverse learners. The chapter concludes with suggestions for implementing service-learning for preservice teachers across content areas in a teacher education program.
Moving Towards Translanguaging
Authors: Barbosa Mara R.
Published: February 2022

Emerging bilinguals at US schools are generally subject to programs that are inadequate for their learning needs. It is crucial to find teaching models through which they can develop their academic language skills. This chapter presents the program Learn from the Experts, a partnership between a university and a high school, that fosters collaboration between Spanish and English learners. In this program, which follows the translanguaging pedagogy, Spanish learners from the university meet to collaborate with Spanish heritage English learners from the high school in lessons designed to develop each of the participants' skills in the language they are learning. The chapter also presents pedagogical changes made to the program resulting from the program team's reflection. It contributes to the development of models that support emerging bilinguals' language learning through collaboration with more experienced speakers without compelling speakers of minoritized languages to distance themselves from their languages and cultures.