bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interdependence of Extraversion: Personality Differences in Utilizing Social Capital and Interdependent Happiness
Authors: Askitis Dionyssios
Published: February 2025

This paper adds critical detail on the role of personality, specifically the impact of extraversion, to recent findings on the relationship between social support resources and well‐being. Based on previous studies showing personality differences in utilizing social capital, as well as in positive outcomes, such as well‐being, we assume that extraversion interacts with both. Referencing our previous research and cultural psychological findings on the “interdependence” of extraversion in the Japanese context, we also expect that the interaction is stronger for emic interdependent happiness than for etic life satisfaction. Using a Japanese well‐being survey (n = 2,500) and interaction analysis, the study confirms a significant moderating impact of extraversion on the association of social capital and well‐being. The findings suggest that introverts benefit more from additional support resources, while extraverts are maintaining a higher level of well‐being compared at every level of support. However, introverts with high levels of social support surpass extraverts with low levels of support in terms of well‐being. As predicted, the interaction is stronger for interdependent happiness, emphasizing potential cultural effects. Possible underlying mechanisms and implications are discussed.
MRI‐based surrogates of brain clearance in narcolepsy type 1
Authors: van Heese Eva M. , Gool Jari K. , Lammers Gert Jan , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Fronczek Rolf , Hirschler Lydiane
Published: February 2025

Brain clearance involves the drainage of waste molecules from the brain, a process that is suggested to be amplified during sleep. Recently proposed MRI‐based methods attempt to approximate human brain clearance with surrogate measures. The current study aimed to explore whether two brain clearance surrogates are altered in narcolepsy. We processed diffusion‐weighted and functional resting‐state images to extract two surrogates: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Along the Perivascular Space (DTI‐ALPS index), and dBOLD‐CSF coupling. Both measures were analysed in 12 drug‐free, awake people with narcolepsy type 1 and 11 age‐ and sex‐matched controls, as well as in relation to clinical features. We also assessed the correlation between the DTI‐ALPS index and dBOLD‐CSF coupling. The DTI‐ALPS index and dBOLD‐CSF coupling amplitude did not show significant differences between narcolepsy and controls, nor significant relations with the severity of excessive daytime sleepiness. We found a significant correlation between dBOLD‐CSF coupling and sleep efficiency, as well as a significant correlation between the DTI‐ALPS index and dBOLD‐CSF coupling. The hypothesis of altered brain clearance in narcolepsy type 1 is not supported by evidence from the current study. The two surrogates correlated with each other, suggesting that both offer different perspectives from the same underlying physiology. Yet, the suitability of the surrogates as brain clearance markers remains debatable. Whereas DTI is not exclusively sensitive to perivascular fluid, dBOLD‐CSF coupling is reflecting large‐scale CSF motion. Future work should explore other surrogate markers, preferably during sleep, to better understand the possible role of altered brain clearance in narcolepsy type 1 symptomatology.
Pre‐clinical enteropathy in healthy soft‐coated wheaten terriers
Authors: Tolbert M. Katherine , Darrow Jewels , Grubb Louise , Fitzgerald Stuart , Bergee Rebecca , Price Josh , Mariano Marcos , Hong Michael , Sung Chi‐Hsuan , Hill Tracy , Steiner Joerg M. , Suchodolski Jan S.
Published: February 2025

Background

Soft‐coated wheaten terriers (SCWTs) have a predisposition to the development of protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE). Early recognition of disease may improve morbidity and mortality in these and other at‐risk dogs. Preclinical inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by increased intestinal permeability, immune dysregulation and inflammation, and changes to the gut microbial composition, or biochemical evidence of disease many years before development of clinical signs, has been proposed for people at risk for IBD.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Determine if changes in fecal metabolites and intestinal permeability could be identified in SCWTs before development of clinical signs. We hypothesized that, in contrast to healthy non‐SCWT dogs, healthy SCWT would have changes similar to those of dogs with PLE.

Animals

Twelve healthy SCWTs, 10 healthy non‐SCWTs, and 8 PLE dogs.

Methods

Prospective study. Fecal calprotectin, targeted metabolites and unconjugated bile acids, intestinal permeability testing, and video capsule endoscopy were evaluated. Single‐factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate fecal metabolites and bile acids for group differences. A repeated‐measures mixed model ANOVA was performed for blood lactulose:galactose area under the curve (AUC).

Results

Significant differences among groups were found for several fecal fatty acids and sterols. Healthy non‐SCWT dogs, but not healthy SCWTs, were found to have significantly lower AUCs than PLE dogs (P = .04).

Conclusions

Healthy SCWT dogs had changes in several biomarkers used to identify preclinical IBD in humans.
Association of Extreme Brachycephaly With Persistent Fontanelles in Adult Chihuahuas
Authors: Rautala Elina , Jokinen Tarja S. , Leikola Junnu , Ruohoniemi Mirja , Rusbridge Clare , Junnila Jouni J. T. , Kiviranta Anna‐Mariam
Published: February 2025

Background

Although persistent fontanelles (PFs) are common in adult Chihuahuas, their association with cranial morphology remains unknown.

Objectives

To identify whether cranial morphology is associated with PFs in Chihuahuas and if bodyweight is associated with cranial morphology in this breed.

Animals

Fifty client‐owned Chihuahuas.

Methods

In this retrospective cross‐sectional study using computed tomography images, we measured two different cranial base lengths (1 and 2), cranial length, height, and width, and two craniofacial angles. We calculated the ratios of cranial height to cranial base lengths 1 and 2, cranial height to length, cranial height to width, and cranial width to length (cranial index [CrI]). We evaluated if total PF area and number of cranial sutures affected by PFs were associated with craniometric measurements and their ratios and craniofacial angles. Additionally, we evaluated if the craniometric ratios were associated with bodyweight.

Results

Total PF area was larger and number of cranial sutures affected by PFs higher in dogs with higher cranial height to cranial base length ratios 1 (estimate, [95% confidence interval], p: 2.295, [1.204–4.377], p = 0.01 and 1.720, [1.212–2.442], p = 0.002, respectively) and 2 (1.203, [1.069–1.354], p = 0.003 and 1.087, [1.011–1.169], p = 0.02, respectively) and CrI (1.225, [1.079–1.391], p = 0.002, and 1.134, [1.057–1.215], p < 0.001, respectively). Higher CrI was associated with lower bodyweight (−2.600, [−4.102 to −1.098], p = 0.001).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Our results suggest that in Chihuahuas, lower bodyweight is associated with more extreme brachycephaly and extreme brachycephaly is associated with PFs.
Insights Into Hepatic Sarcoidosis: Analysis of Histological Patterns, Hepatic Complications and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Horst Ludwig J. , Zimmermann Katharina , Lutz Johanna , Weidemann Sören , Lüth Stefan , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Schramm Christoph , Wehmeyer Malte H. , Müller Martina , Sebode Marcial
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous multi‐systemic disorder of uncertain aetiology frequently involving the liver. This study aimed to delineate the histological characteristics, treatment effectiveness and factors predictive of liver‐related complications in individuals with hepatic sarcoidosis.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with hepatic sarcoidosis by liver biopsy, which was conducted at two tertiary care centres from January 2009 to December 2023. We analysed demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters, treatment response and outcome.

Results

We enrolled 70 hepatic sarcoidosis patients with a median follow‐up of 45 months (IQR 11–97 months), including 37 males with a median age of 48 years (IQR 37–59 years). Elevated GGT (94%) and ALP (81%) were the most common liver‐specific biochemical alterations observed. Using mini‐laparoscopy for liver biopsy made it possible to macroscopically identify granulomatous disease in 71% of patients. While at baseline, 16% of the cohort showed evidence of potential portal hypertension, at the last follow‐up, 23% of patients developed complications related to portal hypertension. In addition to granulomatous changes, bile duct irregularities were found in 57% of liver biopsies, indicating cholangiopathy being part of the hepatic manifestation of sarcoidosis. Treatment with Ursodeoxycholic acid and prednisolone resulted in a significantly more pronounced decrease in ALT and ALP compared to untreated patients.

Conclusions

Patients with hepatic sarcoidosis require careful assessment of disease manifestation with a particular focus on portal hypertension. Treatment with UDCA and prednisolone leads to a reduction of biochemical parameters in a significant proportion of these patients.
Macroalgae and Light Availability Modulate the Distribution of the Temperate Coral Astrangia poculata
Authors: Lindsay Taylor , Dunster Willow , Prada Carlos
Published: February 2025

The temperate coral Astrangia poculata is rapidly becoming a convenient system for studying symbiosis, microbiome, and thermal resilience. However, the ecology of this species is poorly understood. A. poculata is a temperate coral that employs facultative symbiosis to survive in cold, nutrient‐rich New England waters. The two ecotypes—symbiotic mixotrophic and aposymbiotic heterotrophic colonies—exist in the same environment, but their abundance changes across depth gradients. We conducted quadrat sampling along a depth gradient to quantify the density of A. poculata at Fort Wetherill State Park, RI, and determine the correlates of ecotype distribution. Further, we quantified light availability and macroalgal cover as possible ecological drivers of abundance. Symbiotic and aposymbiotic A. poculata exhibited a bell curve distribution along the depth gradient. In shallow environments, where both light and macroalgae are abundant, macroalgal cover was inversely related to coral density, implying a negative effect on coral abundance. In deeper environments where macroalgae were not present, coral cover was higher. However, light limitation and depth may limit A. poculata abundance, with symbiotic colonies growing no deeper than 12.5 m and only aposymbiotic colonies present from 13 to 22 m. As macroalgae abundance and turbidity increase with more nutrient loading in coastal marine ecosystems, monitoring their effect on the distribution and density of A. poculata is critical to conserve this monotypic species.
Forging common ground in second language acquisition and teaching: A combined synergy statement
Authors: Michel Marije , Atkinson Dwight , Ribeiro Amable Custodio , Alexopoulou Theodora , Cappellini Marco , Eskildsen Søren Wind , Gao Xuesong (Andy) , Hellermann John , Kayi‐Aydar Hayriye , Lowie Wander , Mejía‐Laguna Jorge Andres , Ortega Lourdes , Pekarek Doehler Simona , Sasaki Miyuki , Sato Masatoshi , Thorne Steven L. , Zheng Yongyan
Published: February 2025

In this final article in this guest‐edited issue on synergies in second language acquisition and teaching (SLA/T), we attempt to bring together the main content of this issue in an overall, combined synergy statement, concluding this project as a whole. Let us remind readers of the project: A shared effort by 17 scholars taking 11 different perspectives on SLA/T is not the norm in our field. Our aim has been to promote the intermingling and cross‐pollination of ideas, on the conviction that such efforts are needed to promote a field that is more than simply the sum of its parts, which are quite dispersed. In this article, we take up the challenge of synergizing the synergies. Taking into account the group synergy statements (Articles 2–4 of this guest‐edited issue), we explore those areas where we find synergies, commensurabilities, and complementary insights based on cross‐pollination among a collection of scholars representing diverse perspectives on SLA/T.
Holding together Hope and despair: Transformative learning through virtual place‐based education in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Beban Alice , Korson Cadey
Published: February 2025

This article explores how virtual place‐based education can foster transformative learning for distance students through a study of the Spatial Awareness Project, a digital storytelling film and podcast we co‐created with faculty and students. We found that students engaged with the resources in complex ways, with three dominant themes emerging in qualitative surveys of their emotional engagement: feeling joy, feeling unsettled, and feeling empowered. We argue that digital media that leaves students simultaneously positively affected and unsettled can enable transformative learning through discomfort, creating space for imagining the world in new ways, and sparking new conversations and connections within and outside the classroom.
The effectiveness of liposomal bupivacaine in ultrasound‐guided abdominal wall blocks after open abdominal surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Vereen Maya S. , Bidault Vincent J. , Krabbendam Elise , Hoeks Sanne E. , Stolker Robert Jan , Dirckx Maaike
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective

Thoracic epidural analgesia has traditionally been used for pain management after open abdominal surgery, but its use has declined. The quest for efficient alternatives has resulted in the increasing use of regional techniques. These can be applied as single‐shot or continuous blocks using catheters. Long‐acting liposomal bupivacaine could preclude the use of catheters. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound‐guided abdominal wall blocks with liposomal bupivacaine for open abdominal surgery.

Databases and Data Treatment

Medline ALL, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were systematically searched. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were done by two independent researchers. Inclusion criteria were (1) liposomal bupivacaine in ultrasound‐guided abdominal wall blocks for open abdominal surgery, (2) outcome of pain and/or opioid consumption, (3) patients >18 years, and (4) reports published in English.

Results

Of the 1277 studies found, 22 met the inclusion criteria. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (Version 2) tool was used to assess randomized controlled trials. Studies were grouped for clarity. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks were mostly investigated. Data were heterogenic regarding types of surgery, approach to block placement, anesthetic solution injected, and use of intrathecal morphine (ITM).

Conclusions

Patients undergoing cesarean section with neuraxial anesthesia and intrathecal morphine benefit from TAP blocks with liposomal bupivacaine, demonstrating reduced opioid consumption and comparable pain. Evidence for other open abdominal surgeries was inconclusive. Abdominal wall blocks with liposomal bupivacaine could be a viable alternative when epidural analgesia is contraindicated.
Improving Register Ascertainment of Children With Post‐Neonatally Acquired Cerebral Palsy Through Health Service Partnerships
Authors: Waight Emma , Epps Adrienne , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Goldsmith Shona , Woolfenden Sue , Paget Simon , Hanns Kerry , French Kylie , Burnett Heather , Ward Anna , Shaw Amy , Bau Karen , Diviney Leanne , Henry Georgina , Badawi Nadia , Kyriagis Maria , McIntyre Sarah
Published: February 2025

Background

The New South Wales (NSW) and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Cerebral Palsy (CP) Register is a database of clinical and demographic information from children with CP. A child with CP resulting from an insult to the developing brain sustained between 29 days and 2 years of age is classified as having post‐neonatally acquired CP (PNN‐CP). In clinical services, children may meet the criteria and timing for PNN‐CP but have a singular diagnosis of acquired/traumatic brain injury.

Objectives

To implement and evaluate a new CP register ascertainment strategy focused on identifying children with PNN‐CP attending acquired brain injury rehabilitation services.

Methods

Electronic medical records of children with an acquired brain injury attending the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and John Hunter Hospital rehabilitation departments 2019–2024 were reviewed by researchers and rehabilitation paediatricians to identify children with PNN‐CP. Children who fulfilled the criteria for CP were invited to participate in the CP Register. To evaluate this ascertainment strategy, we (i) ran descriptive statistics to analyse proportional changes of children with PNN‐CP on the register and (ii) calculated temporal trends in prevalence per 10,000 live births for birth years 2003–2016, before and after the record ascertainment period.

Results

Of 1051 children with an acquired brain injury, 46 had PNN‐CP (2003–2019) and had not previously been included on the register. This ascertainment strategy resulted in increased prevalence of PNN‐CP in all 2‐year time points between 2003 and 2016 and equated to a 31% improvement in ascertainment of children with PNN‐CP on the register.

Conclusions

Ascertainment of children with PNN‐CP for the NSW/ACT CP Register has been improved by systematically reviewing children with an acquired brain injury. This is now part of standard practice, and other registers should consider whether this strategy may improve ascertainment of PNN‐CP in their regions.
Unveiling herbaceous plant responses to future triple interaction of drought and elevated temperature and [CO2]: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yoldi‐Achalandabaso Ander , Vicente Rubén , Muñoz‐Rueda Alberto , Pérez‐López Usue
Published: February 2025

During the last decades, the breeding of major crops is growing at a slower rate than desirable to meet future food demands in many agro‐environments. Moreover, extreme climatic conditions, and particularly, drought impairments associated with climate change, are limiting the genetic gains of crops in temperate areas, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Drought events and atmospheric air temperatures and CO2 concentrations are increasing at an accelerating pace. Unfortunately, not all breeding programmes have been oriented towards developing climate‐resilient crops to cope with future climate predictions, so it is unclear how crops will respond under future multiple stress conditions. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the triple interaction effect of drought, elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on plant responses. Our aim was i) to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on the physiological and agronomic responses of herbaceous plants, mainly grasses, legumes, and forbs to this triple interaction, and ii) elucidate general responses through a meta‐analysis. The analysis of the literature unveils the great heterogeneity that exists in the experimental designs carried out to date to study multiple stress conditions in herbaceous plants, making it difficult to extrapolate general responses. A meta‐analysis of a subset of studies that met the criteria of having grown plants under elevated CO2 concentrations along the whole experiment suggests that the negative effects of drought on plant performance will be mitigated under future climate conditions, although the responses depend on the severity of the stressors and the experimental variables measured.
Role of aconitase in plant stress response and signaling
Authors: Rahikainen Moona , Berkowitz Oliver , Whelan James , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa , Pascual Jesús
Published: February 2025

Mitochondria are the centres of carbon and energy metabolism in cells and are functionally integrated with other organelles. Under environmental stress, disturbances in organellar functions trigger stress signals that activate the necessary metabolic responses and maintain cell redox homeostasis. The tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme aconitase has emerged as a key component in stress‐induced organellar signalling and a regulator of metabolic and redox balance in photosynthetic organisms. Aconitase mediates mitochondrial and chloroplast retrograde signalling and contributes to the activation of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway in mitochondria. Aconitase‐driven citrate metabolism plays a crucial role in providing reducing equivalents and metabolic precursors for cytosolic nitrogen metabolism and biosynthetic pathways relevant for stress acclimation. Besides its enzymatic activity, aconitase has a non‐canonical function as it is a post‐transcriptional regulator of specific gene transcripts. The varied functions of aconitase under stress are facilitated by the regulation of specific aconitase isoforms at multiple levels. This review discusses the emerging role of aconitase as a central regulator of stress responses and signalling in photosynthetic organisms.
Accelerating the EU's climate transformation: The European Green Deal's Fit for 55 Package unpacked
Authors: Oberthür Sebastian , Kulovesi Kati
Published: February 2025

This article analyses the qualitative changes made to European Union (EU) climate law through the ‘Fit for 55’ legislative package, which aims to implement the EU's upgraded greenhouse gas emission reduction target of at least 55% compared with 1990 levels. The Package consists of 19 pieces of legislation. We investigate the Package's impact on key aspects of EU climate governance, including (a) ambition and stringency, (b) sectoral reach and (c) policy mix. We find that the Package has strengthened and detailed the EU's climate and energy targets and consolidated oversight of Member State implementation (ambition and stringency). The Package has also significantly expanded the reach of EU climate law to new sectors and policy areas. Finally, the Package has enriched the EU's climate policy mix, especially by introducing new economic and regulatory instruments. If fully implemented, the Package should enable the EU to achieve its 2030 emission reduction target. However, full implementation cannot be taken for granted given the current public backlash against climate policies in Europe. This enhances the importance of upgrading the EU framework for procedural climate governance, including with respect to public participation and deliberation. Overall, the Package must be complemented by further development of EU climate law and governance towards 2040 and beyond.
Assessment of the Risk of Severe COPD Exacerbations: Balancing Between Fat and Muscle
Authors: Machado Felipe V. C. , Verboven Kenneth , Franssen Frits M. E.
Published: February 2025

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Does the Asset‐Type Matter in Vulnerability Reduction? Evidence From Rural Indian Households
Authors: Dhar Niladri Sekhar , Dutta Meghna
Published: February 2025

The importance of assets for household emanates from its consumption‐smoothing ability and also for providing self‐insurance. However, the extent of cushion provided by assets against economic shock is contingent on the type of asset. This paper examines the relation between asset ownership and vulnerability of households and whether the asset types owned by the households can help generate value. We use household level asset data from eight villages of the Indian state of Bihar to study the type of assets rural households own and their contribution in mitigating poverty levels. Our results confirm that there is significant heterogeneity in asset ownership across social groups with low value asset being owned by households belonging to the disadvantaged castes. Poorer households are trapped in a spiral of low assets and low income which inhibits further generation of high value assets and income therefrom. In general, ownership of unproductive assets across households is quite high compared to productive assets indicating the poor development of capital in Bihar providing little buffer against possible economic shocks.
On a Bistable Delayed Nonlinear Reaction–Diffusion Equation for a Two‐Phase Free Boundary: Semi‐Wave and Its Numerical Simulation
Authors: Nguyen Thanh‐Hieu
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of the semi‐wave solution to a bistable delayed reaction–diffusion equation with a double free boundary. This equation captures key features of biological systems and has broad applications in mathematical biology, including population dynamics, gene expression, virus propagation, and tumor growth. In particular, we employ the technique that was developed in the previous study by M. Alfaro et al. [Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society (3), 116, no. 4 (2018): 729–759], and use it to prove the existence and uniqueness of semi‐wave solutions. Our results demonstrate that the semi‐wave solutions depend on both the delay parameter and the free boundary condition. Additionally, we conduct numerical simulations to validate our theoretical results, and explore the effects of various parameters on the semi‐wave solution and spreading speed.
Ecological divergence of sibling allopolyploid marsh orchids is associated with species specific plasticity and distinct fungal communities
Authors: Emelianova Katie , Hawranek Anna‐Sophie , Eriksson Mimmi C. , Wolfe Thomas M. , Paun Ovidiu
Published: February 2025

Phenotypic plasticity, the dynamic adjustment of traits to environmental variations, is crucial for enabling species to exploit broader niches and withstand suboptimal conditions. This adaptability is particularly relevant for newly formed allopolyploids, which possess redundant gene copies and must become established in diverse environments distinct from their parents and other relatives. By evaluating gene expression and root mycobiome among two ecologically divergent sibling allopolyploid marsh orchids (Dactylorhiza majalis and D. traunsteineri) in reciprocal transplants at localities where both species are native, we aimed to understand the drivers of species persistence in the face of interspecific gene flow. Despite consistent abiotic differences characterising the alternative environments at each locality, the majority of gene expression differences between the allopolyploids appears to be plastic. Ecologically relevant processes, such as photosynthesis and transmembrane transport, include some genes that are differentially expressed between the two orchids regardless of the environment, while others change their activity plastically in one species or the other. This suggests that although plasticity helps define the specific ecological range of each sibling allopolyploid, it also mediates gene flow between them, thereby preventing differentiation. Extending our investigations to the root mycobiome, we uncover more diverse fungal communities for either species when grown in the environment with nutrient‐poor soils, indicating that both abiotic and biotic factors drive the distribution of sibling marsh orchids. Altogether, our results indicate that plasticity can simultaneously promote diversification and homogenisation of lineages, influencing the establishment and persistence of recurrently formed allopolyploid species.
Dificultades en la regulación de la ira y la agresividad y su relación con los indicadores de inflexibilidad psicológica en adultos jóvenes colombianos
Authors: Gallego Villa Óscar Mauricio , Zaldívar Basurto Flor , Ortega Campos Elena
Published: February 2025

En la actualidad es escasa la evidencia disponible sobre los problemas de regulación de la ira y la agresividad en jóvenes en Colombia, a pesar de ser uno de los segmentos poblacionales más afectados por estas problemáticas. El propósito de la investigación fue describir las dificultades de regulación de la ira en jóvenes colombianos (N = 222, 61.7%, mujeres y 38.3%, hombres, edad entre 18 y 30 años), así como identificar la relación entre sus manifestaciones de ira y agresión y algunos indicadores de inflexibilidad psicológica. Es un estudio descriptivo correlacional. Se identificaron correlaciones positivas entre las variables de ira y agresividad con la evitación experiencial, la fusión cognitiva y la obstrucción en valores, mientras que el progreso en acciones comprometidas, presentó una correlación negativa con todas las variables anteriores. Finalmente, mediante diversos análisis de regresión se concluyó que la evitación experiencial y la fusión cognitiva fueron las variables que explicaron mayores porcentajes de variabilidad en la mayoría de los indicadores de agresión y de ira en porcentajes que pudieron explicar entre el 12% y el 52% de la variabilidad según el modelo analizado.
Psychophysiological Effects of Left-Hand Contractions on Golf-Putting and Dart-Throwing Performance
Authors: Mizuno Kanta , Masaki Hiroaki
Published: February 2025

Left-hand contractions (LHCs) are considered a useful technique to facilitate athletic performance under pressure by inhibiting conscious motor control through the induction of hemispheric brain asymmetry. However, the underlying mechanisms of LHCs remain unclear. Two experiments were conducted: novice golfers (30 participants) and dart players (40 participants) completed tasks while their cortical, muscle, and cardiac activities and kinematics were recorded. Performance was measured as the distance from the target. In Study 1 (golfers), no differences in performance were observed; however, LHCs reduced the electromyography signals in the left forearm during golf putting. In Study 2 (dart players), performance did not differ between study groups. Although right-dominant hemispheric asymmetry was induced by LHCs, it may not have facilitated golf-putting and dart-throwing performances. As LHCs induced asymmetry only around the central and parietal sites, we cast doubt on the idea that LHCs inhibit the conscious processing of movements due to left-temporal activation.
“I Don’t Think I’ve Done Justice to the Inclusion of Queer Students in Phys. Ed.”: Creating Physical Education Learning Environments for 2SLGBTQ+ Preservice Teachers
Authors: Stoddart Alexandra L. , St. Amant Niya
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Traditionally, physical education (PE) has been a subject that reproduces heteronormativity and hegemonic masculinity. Particularly for Two-Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, or Questioning (2SLGBTQ+) students, PE can be an unsafe and uncomfortable space. Unfortunately, research has also demonstrated that Physical Education Teacher Education programs can perpetuate the same negative and harmful discourse. Individuals who embark on a career in education will spend years in a postsecondary institution learning how to become teachers. Regardless of being in a generalist or a PE specialist degree program, the potential exists for preservice teachers (PSTs) to encounter this subject once again in their postsecondary education. The purpose of this research was to explore how three teacher educators created their PE learning environments for 2SLGBTQ+ PSTs. Method: As part of a larger explanatory sequential research project about 2SLGBTQ+ PSTs’ experiences in PE, teacher educators engaged in semistructured interviews for a qualitative study framed by queer theory. Results: Three themes were generated through Reflexive Thematic Analysis: (a) Problematic PE with Positive Potential illustrates how aspects of the subject can have negative impacts on students, but that teacher educators are working to showcase the subject’s merit; (b) Wicked (Gender) Games showcases that dominant binary norms and gender stereotypes are still prominent despite teacher educator push back; and (c) Last, Good for One, Good for All? details how teacher educators’ primary focus was general inclusion rather than an intentional focus to support 2SLGBTQ+ PSTs. Discussion/Conclusion: To truly become a more inclusive space, teacher educators need to critically reflect on and unpack heteronormative practices and discourses, gender stereotypes, and how they are intentionally supporting their 2SLGBTQ+ PSTs through PE learning environments and beyond.
Deep profiling of B cells responding to various pathogens uncovers compartments in IgG memory B cell and antibody-secreting lineages
Authors: Claireaux Mathieu , Elias George , Kerster Gius , Kuijper Lisan H. , Duurland Mariël C. , Paul Alberta G. A. , Burger Judith A. , Poniman Meliawati , Olijhoek Wouter , de Jong Nina , de Jongh Rivka , Wynberg Elke , van Willigen Hugo D. G. , Prins Maria , De Bree Godelieve J. , de Jong Menno D. , Kuijpers Taco W. , Eftimov Filip , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Rispens Theo , Garcia-Vallejo Juan J. , ten Brinke Anja , van Gils Marit J. , van Ham S. Marieke
Published: February 2025

Improving our understanding of B cell transition to memory B cells (MBCs) and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) is crucial for clinical monitoring and vaccine strategies. To explore these dynamics, we compared prepandemic antigen responses (influenza hemagglutinin, respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein, and tetanus toxoid) with recently encountered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen responses in convalescent COVID-19 patients using spectral flow cytometry. Our analysis revealed the CD43+CD71+IgG+ activated B cell subset, highly enriched for SARS-CoV-2 specificities, as a juncture for ASC and MBC differentiation, with CD86+ phenotypically similar to ASCs and CD86− to IgG+ MBCs. Moreover, subpopulations within IgG+ MBCs were further identified based on CD73 and CD24 expression. Activated MBCs (CD73−/CD24lo) were predominantly SARS-CoV-2-specific, while resting MBCs (CD73+/CD24hi) recognized prepandemic antigens. A CD95− subcluster within resting MBCs accounted for over 40% of prepandemic-specific cells, indicating long-lasting memory. These findings advance our understanding of IgG+ MBC and ASC development stages, shedding light on the decision-making process guiding their differentiation.
Convective potential and fuel availability complement near-surface weather in regulating global wildfire activity
Authors: Su Hongxuan , Yu Yan , Guo Weidong , Mao Jiafu
Published: February 2025

Wildfires are favored by hot, dry, windy, rainless conditions—this knowledge about fire weather informs both short-term forecast and long-term prediction of wildfire activity. Yet, wildfires rely on the availability of ignition and fuel, which are underrepresented in fire forecast and prediction practices. By analyzing satellite measurements and atmospheric reanalysis, here we show that near-surface weather only partially captures wildfire occurrence and intensity across the daily to seasonal timescales. Beyond near-surface weather, convection and fuel abundance play a complementary role in regulating burning processes. Specifically, enhanced atmospheric convection is identified for over 40% of the low-human-impact regions and 61% of global burnable areas during wildfire ignition and spreading periods. Meanwhile, 56% of shrublands and 54% of grasslands see higher fuel load with actual occurrence of fire. Our results highlight the role of convection and fuel in wildfire forecast, prompting a revisit of wildfire prediction under intertwined atmospheric and terrestrial changes.
Reinstatement and transformation of memory traces for recognition
Authors: Rau Elias M. B. , Fellner Marie-Christin , Heinen Rebekka , Zhang Hui , Yin Qin , Vahidi Parisa , Kobelt Malte , Asano Eishi , Kim-McManus Olivia , Sattar Shifteh , Lin Jack J. , Auguste Kurtis I. , Chang Edward F. , King-Stephens David , Weber Peter B. , Laxer Kenneth D. , Knight Robert T. , Johnson Elizabeth L. , Ofen Noa , Axmacher Nikolai
Published: February 2025

Episodic memory relies on the formation and retrieval of content-specific memory traces. In addition to their veridical reactivation, previous studies have indicated that traces may undergo substantial transformations. However, the exact time course and regional distribution of reinstatement and transformation during recognition memory have remained unclear. We applied representational similarity analysis to human intracranial electroencephalography to track the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying the reinstatement and transformation of memory traces. Specifically, we examined how reinstatement and transformation of item-specific representations across occipital, ventral visual, and lateral parietal cortices contribute to successful memory formation and recognition. Our findings suggest that reinstatement in temporal cortex and transformation in parietal cortex coexist and provide complementary strategies for recognition. Further, we find that generalization and differentiation of neural representations contribute to memory and probe memory-specific correspondence with deep neural network (DNN) model features. Our results suggest that memory formation is particularly supported by generalized and mnemonic representational formats beyond the visual features of a DNN.
Activity-dependent regulation of microglia numbers by pyramidal cells during development shape cortical functions
Authors: Kumaraguru Sanjana , Morgan James , Wong Fong Kuan
Published: February 2025

Beyond their role as immune sentinels, microglia are actively involved in establishing and maintaining cortical circuits. Alteration in microglial numbers has been associated with abnormal behaviors akin to those observed in neurodevelopmental disorders. Consequently, establishing the appropriate microglial numbers during development is crucial for ensuring normal cortical function. Here, we uncovered a dynamic relationship between pyramidal cells and microglia that tunes microglial numbers and development through distinct phases of mouse postnatal development. Changes in pyramidal cell activity during development induce differential release of activity-dependent proteins such as Activin A, which, in turn, adjusts microglial numbers accordingly. Decoupling of this relationship not only changes microglial numbers but has a long-term consequence on their role as synaptic organizers, which ultimately affects cortical function. Our findings reveal that microglia adapt their numbers to changes in pyramidal cell activity during a critical time window in development, consequently adjusting their numbers and function to the demands of the developing local circuits.
TRAM-LAG1-CLN8 family proteins are acyltransferases regulating phospholipid composition
Authors: Sheokand Pradeep K. , James Andrew M. , Jenkins Benjamin , K. Lysyganicz Pawel , Lacabanne Denis , King Martin S. , Kunji Edmund R. S. , Siniossoglou Symeon , Koulman Albert , Murphy Michael P. , Petkevicius Kasparas
Published: February 2025

The diversity of cellular phospholipids, crucial for membrane homeostasis and function, arises from enzymatic remodeling of their fatty acyl chains. In this work, we reveal that poorly understood TRAM-LAG1-CLN8 domain (TLCD)–containing proteins are phospholipid remodeling enzymes. We demonstrate that TLCD1 is an evolutionarily conserved lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase, which regulates cellular phospholipid composition and generates previously undescribed fatty acid and thiamine (vitamin B1) esters as its secondary products. Furthermore, we establish that human TLCD protein CLN8, mutations of which cause fatal neurodegenerative Batten disease, is a lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase. We show that CLN8 catalyzes the essential step in the biosynthesis of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, a phospholipid critical for lysosome function. Our study unveils a family of acyltransferases integral to cellular membrane phospholipid homeostasis and human disease.
General strategy for boosting the performance of speed-tunable rotary molecular motors with visible light
Authors: Sheng Jinyu , van Beek Carlijn L. F. , Stindt Charlotte N. , Danowski Wojciech , Jankowska Joanna , Crespi Stefano , Pooler Daisy R. S. , Hilbers Michiel F. , Buma Wybren Jan , Feringa Ben L.
Published: February 2025

Light-driven molecular rotary motors perform chirality-controlled unidirectional rotations fueled by light and heat. This unique function renders them appealing for the construction of dynamic molecular systems, actuating materials, and molecular machines. Achieving a combination of high photoefficiency, visible-light responsiveness, synthetic accessibility, and easy tuning of dynamic properties within a single scaffold is critical for these applications but remains a longstanding challenge. Herein, a series of highly photoefficient visible-light–responsive molecular motors (MMs), featuring various rotary speeds, was obtained by a convenient one-step formylation of their parent motors. This strategy greatly improves all aspects of the performance of MMs—red-shifted wavelengths of excitation, high photoisomerization quantum yields, and high photostationary state distributions of isomers—beyond the state-of-the-art light-responsive MM systems. The development of this late-stage functionalization strategy of MMs opens avenues for the construction of high-performance molecular machines and devices for applications in materials science and biological systems, representing a major advance in the synthetic toolbox of molecular machines.
Weaving liquid crystal elastomer fiber actuators for multifunctional soft robotics
Authors: Yang Huxiao , Yin Xiaofeng , Zhang Chao , Chen Baihong , Sun Peng , Xu Yan
Published: February 2025

Inspired by the remarkable adaptability observed in biological organisms, multifunctional soft robotics have emerged as promising systems capable of navigating complex environments. In this study, we present a strategy for weaving fiber soft actuators to overcome the existing limitations in deformation capabilities and complex manufacturing processes. This strategy combines traditional rope artistry with the advanced responsive characteristics of electro-driven liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fibers, facilitating the efficient creation of multifunctional soft actuators. Leveraging this strategy, we have developed four distinct types of soft actuators: the double twisting weaving actuator (DTWA), the circular four-strand weaving actuator (CFWA), the orthogonal weaving actuator (OWA), and the diagonal weaving actuator (DWA). These weaving fiber soft actuators can be readily assembled in various soft robots, granting multiple functionalities, including surface shape programmability, biomimetic blood pumping inspired by the cardiac muscle, and versatile locomotion modes such as crawling and swimming. Our proposed strategy offers unprecedented opportunities for multifunctional soft robots in performing complex tasks.
Microenvironment perturbations driving methanol low-temperature conversion over zeolite
Authors: Liu Fengqing , Yi Xianfeng , Liu Tangkang , Chen Wei , Yang Jiabao , Xiao Yao , Qin Yucai , Song Lijuan , Zheng Anmin
Published: February 2025

Compared to methanol, dimethyl ether (DME) is a more ideal and attractive raw material for industrial applications. Typically, the industrially zeolite-catalyzed methanol dehydration to DME occurs at temperatures above 423 kelvin. Improving catalytic reactivity and reducing energy consumption are urgently needed but remain challenging. Here, we report an unexplored associative strategy to realize DME formation at room temperature and the generation of olefins even at 413 kelvin, which is achieved by coinjecting basic acetone to manipulate the local chemical microenvironment of the methanol reactant inside the H-ZSM-5 zeolite. The crucial role of acetone in accelerating methanol direct dehydration to DME is highlighted as the obvious destabilization effect for the adsorbed methanol cluster with strong hydrogen bonds and the subsequent traction of water during DME formation. These findings offer more insights into the rational design of reaction systems by manipulating the local surroundings to regulate catalytic performances and should represent a large step forward in methanol conversion technology.
Deformation-tolerant, wireless-charging microbatteries for seamlessly integrated omnidirectional stretchable electronics
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhao Yang , Yu Li , Lin Jinguo , Dai Chunlong , Lu Bing , Li Xiangyang , Jin Xuting , Gao Chang , Liu Feng , Jiang Lan , Qu Liangti
Published: February 2025

Wireless-charging in-plane microbatteries (MBs) with conformal shape and high-capacity hold substantial promise in advancing the practical applications of complexly configured electronic devices. However, integrating these MBs seamlessly with flexible electronic system remains a challenge as it requires a rational structure design and reasonable materials engineering for the micropower system, ensuring both high compatibility and robust mechanical stability. Here, we present stretchable and wireless-charging dual-plating MBs that integrate seamlessly into circuits through an omnidirectional stretch-contraction strategy coupled with mask-assisted printing. The strain-induced folding structures and no active-material design endow the wireless-charging MBs with reliable deformation-tolerant capabilities, which can sustain ~200% omnidirectional strains and have advantages of an order of magnitude in terms of power and energy densities, compared to the existing in-plane MBs. With the exceptional compatible and elastic properties, a wirelessly charging stretchable display integrated circuit and even intelligent electronic skin are achieved, capable of mimicking human touch to sense the weight, temperature, and shape of objects.
Immunogenic cryptic peptides dominate the antigenic landscape of ovarian cancer
Authors: Raja Remya , Mangalaparthi Kiran K. , Madugundu Anil K. , Jessen Erik , Pathangey Latha , Magtibay Paul , Butler Kristina , Christie Elizabeth , Pandey Akhilesh , Curtis Marion
Published: February 2025

Increased infiltration of CD3
+
and CD8
+
T cells into ovarian cancer (OC) is linked to better prognosis, but the specific antigens involved are unclear. Recent reports suggest that HLA class I can present peptides from noncoding genomic regions, known as noncanonical or cryptic peptides, but their immunogenicity is underexplored. To address this, we used immunopeptidomic analysis and RNA sequencing on five metastatic OC samples, which identified 311 cryptic peptides (40 to 83 per patient). Despite comprising less than 1% of total peptides, cryptic peptides from noncoding transcripts emerged as the predominant antigen class when compared to the other major classes of known tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens in OC samples. Notably, nearly 70% of the prioritized cryptic peptides elicited T cell activation, as evidenced by increased 4-1BB and IFN-γ expression in autologous CD8
+
T cells. This study reveals noncoding cryptic peptides as an important class of immunogenic antigens in OC.