bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Employability Self-Assessment: Identifying and Appraising Career Identity, Personal Adaptability, and Social and Human Capital
Authors: Helens-Hart Rose
Published: May 2018

Traditional linear careers are being phased out in many sectors, emphasizing the need for individuals to be competent managers of their careers. Students need to understand and acquire the variety of skills and qualities of highly employable people to secure their financial and professional futures. This exercise assists students in identifying and appraising personal skills and strengths that contribute to their employability. To do this, students use a conceptual framework for employability comprised of three dimensions (career identity, personal adaptability, and social and human capital) to guide their reflection and then appraise personal attributes in group discussions. This activity is suitable for undergraduate courses addressing professional development and career management.
Microturning of landing gear components used in miniature unmanned aircraft vehicles
Authors: Jackson M. J. , Burgess J.
Published: May 2018

The microturning of landing gear components used in miniature unmanned aircraft vehicles is described in this article. The finite element method (FEM) is used to predict variables such as microturning forces and temperatures at two different levels of roughing cut (1 and 3 mm depth of cut) with variable geometry cutting tool inserts. The predicted results are compared to experimentally determined magnitudes of forces and temperatures using a dynamometer and an infrared thermal camera. The results show that tool inserts with novel chip breaker functions reduce the magnitude of the machining forces and temperatures predicted using the FEM and validated by performing controlled experiments using Al-380 aluminum alloys machined with polycrystalline diamond-coated cutting tool inserts.
Long-range and short-range cation order in the crystal structures of carlfrancisite and mcgovernite
Authors: Hawthorne Frank C.
Published: May 2018

The crystal structures of carlfrancisite, ideally Mn32+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42(As3+O3)2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]8(OH)42, hexagonal (rhombohedral),R3̄mwithZ= 6, and unit-cell parameters:a= 8.2238(2),c= 205.113(6) Å andV= 12013.5(4) Å3, from the Kombat mine, Otavi Valley, Namibia, and mcgovernite, ideally Zn3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42(As3+O3)2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]8(OH)42, hexagonal (rhombohedral),R3̄mwithZ= 6, and unit-cell parameters:a= 8.2061(3),c= 204.118(8) Å andV= 11903.8(6) Å3, from Sterling Hill, New Jersey, have been solved by direct methods and refined toR1values of 3.37 and 5.02% for 3837 and 3772 unique observed reflections, respectively; they are isostructural. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe and crystal-structure refinement gave the following compositions: carlfrancisite: As2O512.89, As2O33.33, P2O50.50, V2O50.74, SiO28.96, Al2O30.78, FeO 0.22, MnO 53.25, MgO 9.37, H2O(calc) 8.42, sum 98.50 wt.%; mcgovernite: As2O513.06, As2O33.71, SiO29.34, Al2O30.20, FeO 1.38, MnO 44.58, ZnO 8.81, MgO 8.89, H2O(calc) 8.24, sum 98.21 wt.%. The H2O contents and the valence states of As were determined by crystal-structure analysis.

There are 18 crystallographically distinct cation sites in both carlfrancisite and mcgovernite. There are two [4]-coordinatedAssites fully occupied by As5+, and fourTsites occupied by Si and As5+in solid solution. TheAs(3) site has triangular pyramidal coordination with  distances of 1.808 and 1.817 Å, typical of As3+. TheZ(1) site, occupied by Mn2+in carlfrancisite and Zn in mcgovernite, has tetrahedral coordination, and theZ(2) site is only partly occupied by Mg and Mn2+in both structures. There are nineMsites, all of which are octahedrally coordinated and contain dominantly Mn2+and Mg, with minor Al and Fe. There are three cation sites with significant vacancies:As(3),Z(2),M(3), and there are complicated patterns of short-range order involving the cations and vacancies at these sites.

The carlfrancisite–mcgovernite structure contains 84 layers of approximately close-packed polyhedra along one translation onc. The anions in the structure are arranged in approximately close-packed layers orthogonal to thecaxis. Fourteen layers stack along thecaxis in the sequence |**hhchch•hchchh| (* denotes a layer of anions displaced from close packed). There are eight distinct layers of cation-centred polyhedra that repeat via a centre of symmetry at the origin, and via theR-centering to give 84 layers per unit-cell.
Optimising experimental research in respiratory diseases: an ERS statement
Authors: Bonniaud Philippe , Fabre Aurélie , Frossard Nelly , Guignabert Christophe , Inman Mark , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Maes Tania , Shi Wei , Stampfli Martin , Uhlig Stefan , White Eric , Witzenrath Martin , Bellaye Pierre-Simon , Crestani Bruno , Eickelberg Oliver , Fehrenbach Heinz , Guenther Andreas , Jenkins Gisli , Joos Guy , Magnan Antoine , Maitre Bernard , Maus Ulrich A. , Reinhold Petra , Vernooy Juanita H.J. , Richeldi Luca , Kolb Martin
Published: May 2018

Experimental models are critical for the understanding of lung health and disease and are indispensable for drug development. However, the pathogenetic and clinical relevance of the models is often unclear. Further, the use of animals in biomedical research is controversial from an ethical perspective.

The objective of this task force was to issue a statement with research recommendations about lung disease models by facilitating in-depth discussions between respiratory scientists, and to provide an overview of the literature on the available models. Focus was put on their specific benefits and limitations. This will result in more efficient use of resources and greater reduction in the numbers of animals employed, thereby enhancing the ethical standards and translational capacity of experimental research.

The task force statement addresses general issues of experimental research (ethics, species, sex, age,ex vivoandin vitromodels, gene editing). The statement also includes research recommendations on modelling asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, lung infections, acute lung injury and pulmonary hypertension.

The task force stressed the importance of using multiple models to strengthen validity of results, the need to increase the availability of human tissues and the importance of standard operating procedures and data quality.
Strategies for assembling columns and layers in the Drosophila visual system
Authors: Millard S. Sean , Pecot Matthew Y.
Published: May 2018

A striking feature of neural circuit structure is the arrangement of neurons into regularly spaced ensembles (i.e. columns) and neural connections into parallel layers. These patterns of organization are thought to underlie precise synaptic connectivity and provide a basis for the parallel processing of information. In this article we discuss in detail specific findings that contribute to a framework for understanding how columns and layers are assembled in the Drosophila visual system, and discuss their broader implications.
Salvaging the Salvage Anthropologists: Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin, Carl Voegelin, and the Future of Ethnohistory
Authors: Warren Stephen , Barnes Ben
Published: May 2018

How should Native and non-Native scholars utilize the work of salvage anthropologists? In this study of Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin, Carl Voegelin, and their research among the Shawnee, Stephen Warren and Ben Barnes suggest that Community-Engaged Scholarship (CES) offers a new path forward in examining the difficult legacy of the Boasians and their successors. Collaborative, team-based research can yield important new discoveries as tribal citizens rediscover and use the work of salvage anthropologists. For tribal communities working to recover dormant languages and cultural practices, CES methodologies offer a means of critical and concordant engagement with anthropological texts.
“I Saw Their Evil Intent”: Positioning the Highland Maya in the Moral Hierarchy of a Just Conquest
Authors: Matsumoto Mallory E.
Published: May 2018

Inherent to warfare are armed conflict and an acknowledged enemy against whom one is fighting. Yet relations with that enemy are defined as much in the discourse of war as on the battlefield. Words mobilize both martial and symbolic power by identifying the antagonist and morally justifying one’s own cause at the expense of the opposition. Scholars have long been aware that the Spanish-led conquest of the Americas was a discursive phenomenon as well as a military one. However, the influence of just war philosophy on conquistadors’ representations of their indigenous foes has remained largely unexplored. In repelling the Spanish-led invasion, Highland Maya communities employed various strategies that drew on the cunning and deceit that they so highly valued in their warriors. The Spaniards, however, were highly critical of such conduct, which did not conform to their traditional conceptions of just war. To them, such comportment marked their opponents as insurgents resisting not only their rightful place in the Spanish Empire but also civilization more broadly. In condemning their Highland Maya enemies as an ethical “other,” the conquistadors articulated a just cause for their conquest waged to subdue a rebellious population. By asserting moral superiority in the face of a treacherous and malevolent adversary, they legitimized not only their quest for power in the Americas but also the often excessively violent means that they employed to this end.
Drivers of the dive response in pinnipeds; apnea, submergence or temperature?
Authors: Kaczmarek Jeppe , Reichmuth Colleen , McDonald Birgitte I. , Kristensen Jakob H. , Larson Josefin , Johansson Fredrik , Sullivan Jenna L. , Madsen Peter T.
Published: May 2018

Long and deep dives in marine mammals are enabled by high mass-specific oxygen stores and the dive response (DR), which reduces oxygen consumption in concert with increased peripheral vasoconstriction and a lowered heart rate during dives. Diving heart rates of pinnipeds are highly variable and modulated by many factors, such as breath holding (apnea), pressure, swimming activity, temperature, and even cognitive control. However, the individual effects of these factors on diving heart rate are poorly understood due to the difficulty of parsing their relative contributions in diving pinnipeds. Here, we examined the effects of apnea and external sensory inputs as autonomic drivers of bradycardia. Specifically, we hypothesized that 1) water stimulation of facial receptors would—as is the case for terrestrial mammals—enhance the dive response, 2) increasing the facial area stimulated would lead to a more intense bradycardia, and 3) cold water would elicit a more pronounced bradycardia than warm water. Three harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) were trained to breath-hold in air and with their heads submerged in a basin with variable water level and temperature. We show that bradycardia occurs during apnea without immersion. We also demonstrate that bradycardia is strengthened with both increasing area of facial submersion and colder water. Thus, we conclude that initiation of the DR in pinnipeds is more strongly related to breath holding than in terrestrial mammals, but the degree of the DR is potentiated autonomically via stimulation of facial mechano- and thermoreceptors upon submergence.
Pulse Oximetry and Arterial Oxygen Saturation during Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Authors: ASCHA MONA , BHATTACHARYYA ANIRBAN , RAMOS JOSE A. , TONELLI ADRIANO R.
Published: May 2018

Introduction/Purpose

Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) is used as surrogate for arterial blood oxygen saturation. We studied the degree of discrepancy between SpO2 and arterial oxygen (SaO2) and identified parameters that may explain this difference.

Methods

We included patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing at Cleveland Clinic. Pulse oximeters with forehead probes measured SpO2 and arterial blood gas samples provided the SaO2 both at rest and peak exercise.

Results

We included 751 patients, 54 ± 16 yr old with 53% of female gender. Bland–Altman analysis revealed a bias of 3.8% with limits of agreement of 0.3% to 7.9% between SpO2 and SaO2 at rest. A total of 174 (23%) patients had SpO2 ≥ 5% of SaO2, and these individuals were older, current smokers with lower forced expiratory volume in the first second and higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide and carboxyhemoglobin. At peak exercise (n = 631), 75 (12%) SpO2 values were lower than the SaO2 determinations reflecting difficulties in the SpO2 measurement in some patients. The bias between SpO2 and SaO2 was 2.6% with limits of agreement between −2.9% and 8.1%. Values of SpO2 ≥ 5% of SaO2 (n = 78, 12%) were associated with the significant resting variables plus lower heart rate, oxygen consumption, and oxygen pulse. In multivariate analyses, carboxyhemoglobin remained significantly associated with the difference between SpO2 and SaO2 both at rest and peak exercise.

Conclusions

In the present study, pulse oximetry commonly overestimated the SaO2. Increased carboxyhemoglobin levels are independently associated with the difference between SpO2 and SaO2, a finding particularly relevant in smokers.
Residual Force Enhancement Is Attenuated in a Shortening Magnitude-dependent Manner
Authors: FUKUTANI ATSUKI , HERZOG WALTER
Published: May 2018

Introduction

The isometric force attained after active stretch is greater than that attained in a purely isometric contraction. This property is referred to as residual force enhancement (RFE). Although RFE is thought to contribute to the enhanced force and power in stretch-shortening cycles (SSCs), it is unclear whether shortening that occurs after active stretch eliminates the RFE induced by active stretch. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of shortening on RFE.

Methods

Skinned rabbit soleus fibers (N = 43) were used for all tests. Residual force enhancement was compared between the stretch-only condition and the SSC condition. In the SSC conditions, shortening magnitudes were either 1% or 12.5% of fiber length. The final muscle length where RFE was evaluated was 3 μm for all trials. In the SSCs with 12.5% shortening, the isometric force before and after the SSC was also compared.

Results

Residual force enhancement was similar between the stretch only (7.9% ± 2.7%) and the SSC with 1% shortening condition (7.1% ± 2.9%) (P = 0.316), whereas RFE was smaller in the SSC with 12.5% shortening (3.5% ± 2.4%) than the stretch-only condition (8.4% ± 2.5%) (P < 0.001). The isometric forces after SSCs (0.437 ± 0.103 mN) were greater than those measured before the SSC (0.422 ± 0.104 mN) (P = 0.016).

Conclusions

Residual force enhancement was preserved when the shortening magnitude was small and was reduced when the shortening magnitude was large. Although RFE was attenuated by the 12.5% shortening, RFE was still observed, suggesting that RFE can contribute to SSCs.
FUNCTIONING OF THE GRAIN PRODUCT SUB-COMPLEX IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOOD EMBARGO
Authors: Амирова Эльмира , Amirova Elmira
Published: May 2018

In modern conditions of management, the Russian grain-based subcomplex functions in a new economic situation, this is facilitated by the introduction of international sanctions, Russia’s retaliatory embargo on food imports, the formation of strategic tasks of integration associations of the Eurasian Economic Union. Systemic problems, that arose in the early 1990 years in agro-food complexes and “overgrown” in the new century, remain unresolved. The most important are the low level of profitability of agricultural producers, a large number of intermediaries in the distribution process, the poor condition of the material and technical base of infrastructure enterprises, the underutilization of production capacities, the stagnation of domestic machinery for food, industry and agriculture, and low subsidies to agricultural producers by the state. At present, the form of economic relations between agricultural producers, storage organizations, processing, trade, intermediaries and infrastructure links, firstly, does not promote the achievement of synergy, sustainable management and competitiveness of products, and secondly, it does not ensure proper interaction between production and distribution of functional processes in the implementation of import substitution strategies in the agro-food sector. The solution of these and many other problematic issues in the development of the grain product subcomplex and, consequently, its adaptation to the new economic conditions require the development of a number of theoretical, methodological, analytical and practical provisions of the new “policy” in the field of functioning of agro-industrial subjects.
When Hackers Err: The Impacts of False Positives on Information Security Games
Authors: Mai Bin , Kulkarni Shailesh
Published: May 2018

False positive rates and their impacts have been a focal point for information security research. However, most of this research investigates false positives exclusively from the system defender’s perspective, while in reality an attacker also faces the classification decision in identifying feasible targets and the consequences of false positive rates. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive analytical model that incorporates the false positives from both the perspective of the attacker and that of the system defender. Our results show that such false positives from the attacker’s perspective have a significant impact on the attacker’s decision making for an attack, as well as the optimal protection strategy for the defender. Our results help to shed new light on a wide range of diverse information security phenomena such as spam emails, the Nigerian scams, and the design of the honeypot as a security mechanism. In addition, we show how an attacker’s misestimation of a certain parameter would affect the defender’s strategy and how the heterogeneity of the systems impacts the defender’s strategy to manipulate the attacker’s possible misestimation.
Driver-Rider Cost-Sharing Strategies and Equilibria in a Ridesharing Program
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Yang Hai , Zhu Daoli
Published: May 2018

The rapid development of smartphone technology has led to the increased popularity of dynamic ridesharing apps used to organize ad hoc ridesharing trips between strangers on short notice. To support such real-time on-demand services, cost-sharing between drivers and riders is commonly centrally determined by ridesharing apps according to prescribed rules. To highlight the impacts of appropriate cost-sharing strategies on the success of ridesharing programs, this paper models the mode choices of a group of heterogeneous travelers with continuously distributed values of time in a single-corridor network, considering the complex interactions between travelers’ mode choices and the attractiveness of ridesharing in terms of rider/driver waiting/detouring times and matching probabilities. The equilibrium state under any given cost-sharing strategy is described by a system of variational inequalities based on which the existence of equilibria is established. With the proposed modeling framework, various cost-sharing strategies are examined to avoid mode shifts among transit users to autos and/or reduce vehicular traffic in the short run; the necessary conditions for cost-sharing strategies to sustain participation and/or reduce vehicle usage are explicitly provided. It is shown that when driving alone is faster but more expensive than public transit, no cost-sharing strategy exists to sustain an active ridesharing platform without inducing transit users to join the ridesharing program. Moreover, the existence of cost-sharing strategies capable of reducing vehicular traffic on the road is not always guaranteed, depending on the costs of driving alone and taking public transit in the considered corridor, fuel prices, and travelers’ prioritization of safety and privacy. Furthermore, it is found that the initial state with no ridesharing participants is an equilibrium under any cost-sharing strategy if the additional cost incurred by a traveler through participating in a ridesharing program is nonnegative. This explains the difficulty of initiating a ridesharing program and implies the initial necessity of subsidizing all intended riders and/or drivers to encourage participation.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0801 .
Managing feeding difficulties and behaviours in food allergic children
Authors: Waddell Lisa
Published: May 2018

Lisa Waddell provides practical advice for nurses dealing with children who suffer from food allergies
Travel vaccines: A 2018 update for primary care nurses
Authors: Umeed Margaret
Published: May 2018

As many patients plan their holidays, Margaret Umeed updates nurses on what to warn them about
Use of integrative epigenetic and mRNA expression analyses to identify significantly changed genes and functional pathways in osteoarthritic cartilage
Authors: He A. , Ning Y. , Wen Y. , Cai Y. , Xu K. , Cai Y. , Han J. , Liu L. , Du Y. , Liang X. , Li P. , Fan Q. , Hao J. , Wang X. , Guo X. , Ma T. , Zhang F.
Published: May 2018

Aim

Osteoarthritis (OA) is caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms control the expression of genes and are likely to regulate the OA transcriptome. We performed integrative genomic analyses to define methylation-gene expression relationships in osteoarthritic cartilage.

Patients and Methods

Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of articular cartilage from five patients with OA of the knee and five healthy controls was conducted using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, California). Other independent genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of articular cartilage from three patients with OA and three healthy controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Integrative pathway enrichment analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles was performed using integrated analysis of cross-platform microarray and pathway software. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID).

Results

We identified 1265 differentially methylated genes, of which 145 are associated with significant changes in gene expression, such as DLX5, NCOR2 and AXIN2 (all p-values of both DNA methylation and mRNA expression < 0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis identified 26 OA-associated pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway (p = 6.25 × 10-4), phosphatidylinositol (PI) signalling system (p = 4.38 × 10-3), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signalling pathway (p = 8.63 × 10-3 pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis (p = 0.017), ErbB signalling pathway (p = 0.024), inositol phosphate (IP) metabolism (p = 0.025), and calcium signalling pathway (p = 0.032).

Conclusion

We identified a group of genes and biological pathwayswhich were significantly different in both DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles between patients with OA and controls. These results may provide new clues for clarifying the mechanisms involved in the development of OA. Cite this article: A. He, Y. Ning, Y. Wen, Y. Cai, K. Xu, Y. Cai, J. Han, L. Liu, Y. Du, X. Liang, P. Li, Q. Fan, J. Hao, X. Wang, X. Guo, T. Ma, F. Zhang. Use of integrative epigenetic and mRNA expression analyses to identify significantly changed genes and functional pathways in osteoarthritic cartilage. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:343–350. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0284.R1.
On the Topological Properties of the Certain Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Jia-Bao , Zhao Jing , Wang Shaohui , Javaid M. , Cao Jinde
Published: May 2018

A topological index is a numeric quantity associated with a network or a graph that characterizes its whole structural properties. In [Javaid and Cao, Neural Computing and Applications, DOI 10.1007/s00521-017-2972-1], the various degree-based topological indices for the probabilistic neural networks are studied. We extend this study by considering the calculations of the other topological indices, and derive the analytical closed formulas for these new topological indices of the probabilistic neural network. Moreover, a comparative study using computer-based graphs has been carried out first time to clarify the nature of the computed topological descriptors for the probabilistic neural networks. Our results extend some known conclusions.
Reconsidering Urbanisation in Late Iron Age North-western Iberia: The Oppidum of San Cibrán de Las (Galicia, Spain)
Authors: González Yolanda Álvarez , González Luis López , Fernández-Götz Manuel , Quintela Marco V. García
Published: May 2018

Neue Forschungen stellen die traditionelle Datierung der Oppida auf der nordwestlichen Iberischen Halbinsel während der römischen Zeit in Frage. Es zeigt sich, dass zahlreiche dieser Plätze schon im späten 2. und 1. Jh. v. Chr. entstanden. Das Oppidum von San Cibrán de Las kann für diese Diskussion eine Schlüsselrolle einnehmen. Die großflächigen Ausgrabungen der letzten Jahre erbrachten umfangreiche Informationen zur inneren Struktur des Ortes, der Anordnung der Häuser, der Befestigungen sowie zur Bedeutung der Akropolis. In letzterer konnten Skulpturen unterschiedlicher Gottheiten sowie religiöse Inschriften geborgen werden. Am Wichtigsten ist aber der mit Hilfe zahlreicher 14C-Proben erbrachte Beleg einer deutlich früher als bislang bekannt beginnenden Nutzung des Areals. Diese nimmt ihren Anfang mehrere Jahrhunderte vor der Gründung des Oppidums und ist scheinbar mit einer Nutzung der Akropolis im Rahmen religiöser Zusammenkünfte verbunden. Ein Vergleich mit archäologischen Funden und Befunden anderer bedeutsamer Fundstellen in Mittel- und Westeuropa, zu literarischen Quellen und regionalen Ortsnamen weist auf die entscheidende Rolle solcher Versammlungen und religiöser Feste bei der Konstruktion kollektiver Identitäten und der Entstehung früher urbaner Zentren hin. Die Ergebnisse haben weitreichende Auswirkungen auf unser Verständnis von sozialen Aggregationsprozessen während der Eisenzeit und darüber hinaus.
Digging up the plague: A diachronic comparison of aDNA confirmed plague burials and associated burial customs in Germany
Authors: Gutsmiedl-Schümann Doris , Päffgen Bernd , Schwarzberg Heiner , Keller Marcel , Rott Andreas , Harbeck Michaela
Published: May 2018

Vergangene Pestepidemien wurden vor allem in schriftlichen Quellen überliefert; insbesondere die Justinianische Pest des frühen Mittelalters und der Schwarze Tod des späten Mittelalters wurden dort in lebendigen Farben beschrieben. Vor der Einführung der aDNA-Analyse war es aber oftmals schwierig, archäologische nachgewiesene Bestattungen eindeutig der Pest zuzuweisen – vor allem in Gegenden, wo schriftliche Überlieferungen, die die Pest erwähnen, fehlen. Die Analyse alter DNA erlaubt es nun, die Opfer der Pest eindeutig im archäologischen Befund zu identifizieren. In diesem Artikel sollen daher die ersten bekannten Beispiele von durch aDNA-Analyse bestätigten Pestgräbern aus Deutschland aus dem frühen Mittelalter, dem späten Mittelalter und dem 30-jährigen Krieg präsentiert und mit einander verglichen werden.
Felduntersuchungen zur frühen Kupfermetallurgie im Großen Kaukasus: ein Vorbericht
Authors: Kunze René , Mödlinger Marianne , Rödel Tim
Published: May 2018

Im Zuge einer von der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung unterstützten Feldbegehung wurden im August 2016 in Ostgeorgien (Provinz Kachetien) die Täler der vom Großen Kaukasus in den Alazani entwässernden Nebenflüsse auf Kupfererzvorkommen, deren Abbau und etwaiger Weiterverarbeitung untersucht und soweit möglich chronologisch eingeordnet. Dabei konnten frühere Beobachtungen zum Vorkommen von Kupfererzen zum Teil bestätigt und um neue Funde erweitert werden. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist die Sammlung von Grundlagen für eine kritische Auseinandersetzung zur wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung und dem Einfluss der Südkaukasusregion in der Bronzezeit. An den gefundenen Kupfererzen sowie einigen spätbronzezeitlichen Dolchen aus Koban und Chmi, Nordossetien-Alanien, Russische Föderation, wurden anschließend Bleiisotopenanalysen durchgeführt, um die Signaturen miteinander zu vergleichen und schließlich Antworten zu einer möglichen Nutzung lokaler Rohstoffquellen zu finden.
Detecting deliberate fragmentation at a circular enclosure from the late 3rd millennium BC. Calculating fragmentation and refitting analysis of ceramic finds from Pömmelte-Zackmünde, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Authors: Spatzier André
Published: May 2018

Das Rondell Pömmelte-Zackmünde (Sachsen-Anhalt, Deutschland) ist eines der wenigen Heiligtümer Mitteleuropas, die in die Zeit des Endneolithikums und der Frühbronzezeit datieren. Sein architektonisches Gesamtkonzept, die Befunde und die Funde lassen schlussfolgern, dass es ein Ort für vielfältige Handlungen inklusive ritueller Performanzen war. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert auf die Unterschiede in der Fragmentierung von Keramikfunden aus intentionalen Deponierungen, d. h. Opfer oder ‚entsorgte Ritualgeräte‘, und ‚Nichtdepotkontexten‘.
Zirconium in modern analytical chemistry
Authors: Pechishcheva Nadezhda V. , Shunyaev Konstantin Yu. , Melchakova Olga V.
Published: May 2018

Detailed monographs on the analytical chemistry of zirconium, which is widely used in all fields of modern science and technology, were published in the 1960s–1970s of the last century. This review summarizes information on the modern methods for determination of zirconium in a great variety of natural, technical, and biological objects. Focus is made on the works published in scientific periodicals after 2005. Spectroscopic techniques of zirconium determination including molecular and atomic spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and electrochemical and activation methods are described. The paper also describes the applications of zirconium compounds, in particular, in analytical chemistry.
#Instalanguage, The Latest Trends in the Polish Language As a Result of the Expansion of Digital Forms of Communication
Authors: Piechnik Gabriela
Published: May 2018

The publication presents how the Internet and new trends in modern communication influencethe Polish language. Digital forms of communication provoke people to use language shortcuts, bor-rowings and make users do not care about language correctness. The author attempts to outline thefuture development of the Polish language.
Environmental economic geography and environmental inequality: challenges and new research prospects
Authors: Braun Boris , Oßenbrügge Jürgen , Schulz Christian
Published: May 2018

The environmental dimension and sustainability-related issues have increasingly gained momentum in Economic Geography. This paper argues that integrating the inequality perspective into Environmental Economic Geography (EEG) and trying to disentangle the manifold interrelationships between economic, social, and environmental disadvantage could be worthwhile efforts. Based on three case studies – the debate on urban environmental justice in German cities, the spread of alternative food systems and food-sharing initiatives in Germany, and the socially selective migration in hazard prone areas in rural coastal Bangladesh – we demonstrate that aspects of social inequality indeed matter for EEG thinking.
Repeated Exposure to Taekwondo Combat Modulates the Physiological and Hormonal Responses to Subsequent Bouts and Recovery Periods
Authors: Bridge Craig A. , Sparks Andy S. , McNaughton Lars R. , Close Graeme L. , Hausen Matheus , Gurgel Jonas , Drust Barry
Published: May 2018

Bridge, CA, Sparks, SA, McNaughton, LR, Close, GL, Hausen, M, Gurgel, J, and Drust, B. Repeated exposure to taekwondo combat modulates the physiological and hormonal responses to subsequent bouts and recovery periods. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2529–2541, 2018—This study examined the physiological and hormonal responses to successive taekwondo combats using an ecologically valid competition time structure. Ten elite male international taekwondo competitors (age 19 ± 3 years) took part in a simulated championship event. The competitors performed 4 combats that were interspersed with different recovery intervals (63 ± 4, 31 ± 3 and 156 ± 5 minutes, respectively). Heart rate (HR) was measured during the combats and venous blood samples were obtained both before and after each combat to determine the plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations. The plasma noradrenaline (21.8 ± 12.8 vs. 15.0 ± 7.0 nmol·l−1) and lactate (13.9 ± 4.2 vs. 10.5 ± 3.2 mmol·l−1) responses were attenuated (p < 0.05) between combat 1 and 4. Higher (p < 0.05) HR responses were evident in the final combat when compared with the earlier combats. Higher (p < 0.05) resting HR (139 ± 10 vs. 127 ± 12 b·min−1), plasma lactate (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.7 mmol·l−1), glycerol (131 ± 83 vs. 56 ± 38 μmol·l−1) and nonesterified free fatty acid (0.95 ± 0.29 vs. 0.71 ± 0.28 mmol·l−1) concentrations were measured before combat 3 compared with combat 1. Repeated exposure to taekwondo combat using an ecologically valid time structure modulates the physiological and hormonal responses to subsequent bouts and recovery periods. Strategies designed to assist competitors to effectively manage the metabolic changes associated with the fight schedule and promote recovery between the bouts may be important during championship events.
Physical Demands of Amateur Domestic and Representative Netball in One Season in New Zealand Assessed Using Heart Rate and Movement Analysis
Authors: King Doug A. , Cummins Cloe , Hume Patria A. , Clark Trevor N.
Published: May 2018

King, DA, Cummins, C, Hume, PA, and Clark, TN. Physical demands of amateur domestic and representative netball in one season in New Zealand assessed using heart rate and movement analysis. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 2062–2070, 2020—The purpose of this descriptive cohort study was to describe physical demands of netball for positions and between playing levels using microtechnology. Data were collected from 34 female netball players across 3 teams at different levels (over 19 years representative [O19], under 19 years representative [U19], and open-age amateur club domestic) for 20 games using heart rate and microtechnology data. Total distance, maximal velocity, PlayerLoad ([PL] accumulated accelerometer-derived load), and individual PL vectors (PL forward [PLF], PL sideward [PLS] and PL vertical [PLV]) were examined. Analysis by playing level and netball position were conducted. The O19 players recorded a higher mean distance (3,365.7 ± 1,875.1 m) per match than U19 (p = 0.0095) players. The O19 players recorded a higher PL (p = 0.0003), PLF (p = 0.004), PLS (p = 0.0039), and PLV (p = 0.0352) than the domestic players. Domestic players recorded a higher maximal velocity than O19 players (p = 0.0003; d = 0.32) throughout the study. Domestic players recorded a higher average maximal heart rate (202.2 ± 28.2 b·min−1) than O19 (p < 0.0001) and U19 (p = 0.0002) players. Given the high physical demands of netball, individual player- and position-specific training programs are required to develop players for the specific demands of competition while also reducing the impact of excessive physical exertion to facilitate safer engagement within netball. The identification of the differing physical and physiological profiles of individual positional groups throughout match-play highlights the importance of integrating microtechnology into the routine monitoring of intermittent court-based sports, such as netball.
Serrate/Notch Signaling Regulates the Size of the Progenitor Cell Pool inDrosophilaImaginal Rings
Authors: Yang Sheng-An , Deng Wu-Min
Published: May 2018

Drosophila imaginal rings are larval precursors for adult guts and salivary glands. Yang and Deng show that the proliferation of these cells is regulated by the canonical Notch pathway and that both cis- and trans...

Drosophila imaginal rings are larval tissues composed of progenitor cells that are essential for the formation of adult foreguts, hindguts, and salivary glands. Specified from subsets of ectoderm in the embryo, imaginal ring cells are kept quiescent until midsecond larval instar, and undergo rapid proliferation during the third instar to attain adequate numbers of cells that will replace apoptotic larval tissues for adult organ formation. Here, we show that Notch signaling is activated in all three imaginal rings from middle embryonic stage to early pupal stage, and that Notch signaling positively controls cell proliferation in all three imaginal rings during the third larval instar. Our mutant clonal analysis, knockdown, and gain-of-function studies indicate that canonical Notch pathway components are involved in regulating the proliferation of these progenitor cells. Both trans-activation and cis-inhibition between the ligand and receptor control Notch activation in the imaginal ring. Serrate (Ser) is the ligand provided from neighboring imaginal ring cells that trans-activates Notch signaling, whereas both Ser and Delta (Dl) could cis-inhibit Notch activity when the ligand and the receptor are in the same cell. In addition, we show that Notch signaling expressed in middle embryonic and first larval stages is required for the initial size of imaginal rings. Taken together, these findings indicate that imaginal rings are excellent in vivo models to decipher how progenitor cell number and proliferation are developmentally regulated, and that Notch signaling in these imaginal tissues is the primary growth-promoting signal that controls the size of the progenitor cell pool.
Family health strategy: relevance to the functional capacity of older people
Authors: Silva Carla Silvana de Oliveira e , Barbosa Mayke Müller Soares , Pinho Lucinéia de , Figueiredo Maria Fernanda Santos , Amaral Caroline Oliveira , Cunha Franciele Ornelas , Alves Elaine Cristina Santos , Barbosa Dulce Aparecida
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the functional capacity of older people based on their performance on basic activities of daily living. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out through the record of the Family Health teams working in the urban area of a city in northern Minas Gerais, in 2015. To assess the functional capacity of 373 older people, the Katz Scale was applied, which includes dimensions on the performance of daily living activities. The interviews took place in the participants’ households. Results: of the total participants, 6.9% had some degree of dependence. Those aged over 80 years old and were living without a partner had about three times more chances of presenting higher levels of functional dependence. Conclusion: most older people enrolled in a Family Health Strategy had their functional capacity preserved.
Integrative review of literature: nursing care to aged people with HIV
Authors: Silva Arayana Gomes da , Cavalcanti Viviane Siqueira , Santos Tâmyssa Simões dos , Bragagnollo Gabriela Rodrigues , Santos Karen da Silva , Santos Ivanilde Miciele da Silva , Mousinho Kristiana Cerqueira , Fortuna Cinira Magali
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify evidences in scientific Brazilian literature on nursing care to aged people with HIV. Method: Integrative review of literature from databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Cochrane and the Nursing Database (BDENF). The applied inclusion criteria were publications that were fully available from 2001 to 2015 and answered to the guiding question of this study. Results: We included 13 studies; and the categories that allowed a better presentation of the scientific evidence on nursing care to aged people with HIV carrier were: Epidemiological profile, perceptions and experiences of aged people with HIV and nursing care to aged people with HIV. Conclusion: The studies address nursing care from a clinic that follows NANDA diagnoses of strong individualizing approach and low consideration of social aspects.
Decomposição Espacial nos Preços de Imóveis Residenciais no Município de São Paulo
Authors: Campos Rodger Barros Antunes , Almeida Eduardo Simões de
Published: May 2018

Resumo Muitos trabalhos estudaram fatores que determinam o preço de imóveis. Todavia, pouco esforço foi atribuído para estudar o spillover espacial entre distritos, atentando para as hierarquias dos objetos de análise. Nesse contexto, utilizando o Método Hierárquico Linear Espacial, o presente artigo busca analisar os efeitos implícito, vizinhança e adjacência no município de São Paulo, isto é, quais os fatores afetam o preço intra e entre imóveis e quais fatores atuam sobre os preços intra e entre distritos. Os resultados apontam que 96,89% do preço do imóvel é explicado pelas características intrínsecas e de localização, enquanto 3,11% (efeito vizinhança e adjacência) é explicado pelas características dos distritos e o spillover espacial entre estes. Em relação à primeira decomposição, 90,13% pode ser entendido como efeito implícito (intra imóvel) e 6,76% como efeito adjacência (efeito entre imóveis).
Efeitos do FUNDEF/B sobre Frequência Escolar, Fluxo Escolar e Trabalho Infantil: Uma Análise com Base nos Censos de 2000 e 2010
Authors: Cruz Gabriela , Rocha Rudi
Published: May 2018

Resumo Este artigo avalia os impactos do FUNDEF e FUNDEB sobre frequência escolar, distorção idade-série e trabalho infantil das crianças expostas a esses recursos durante idade escolar. Estimamos regressões com efeitos-fixos de municípios e coortes com base nos microdados dos Censos de 2000 e 2010, e nos gastos municipais do FINBRA de 1993 a 2010. Considerando municípios com proporção de matrículas na rede municipal igual à mediana, encontramos que um aumento de R$100 per capita nas transferências destes fundos está relacionado a um aumento da probabilidade de uma criança frequentar escola de 0,05 pontos percentuais, e a uma diminuição da distorção idade-série em 0,02 anos. Esses resultados equivalem a efeitos de, respectivamente, 1% e 6,5% de um desvio-padrão nestas variáveis frente a um aumento das transferências líquidas de um desvio-padrão (R$385 per capita). Identificamos ainda que os efeitos são maiores para crianças com perfil socioeconômico mais baixo. Os efeitos sobre trabalho infantil são geralmente próximos de zero.
Impacto de Mudanças no Emprego no Setor Público sobre o Mercado de Trabalho Local: evidências para as mesorregiões brasileiras de 2003 a 2010
Authors: Loyo Alexandre de Oliveira Lima , Resende Filho Moisés de Andrade , Mendes Vander Lucas
Published: May 2018

Resumo Estima-se o parâmetro de impacto do aumento no emprego no setor público sobre o emprego no setor privado local nos dois governos Lula (2003 a 2010), considerando o mercado de trabalho formal em 137 mesorregiões e 20 subsetores de atividades econômicas no Brasil. Adaptou-se o método de variável instrumental de Faggio e Overman (2014) a um modelo econométrico de dados em painel que permite ao parâmetro de impacto variar em cada governo Lula. Os resultados mostraram que sob a política fiscal contracionista do primeiro governo Lula o impacto foi eliminador, mas no seu segundo mandato, sob política fiscal expansionista, o impacto foi multiplicador. Ademais, a mudança no emprego no setor público afetou a composição setorial do emprego no curto prazo no Brasil, pois nos setores de bens comercializáveis (indústria) e não comercializáveis (construção e serviços) houve um impacto eliminador no primeiro governo Lula e um impacto multiplicador no segundo governo Lula.
Contratos de Tributos e Poder Regional: a contribuição dos meios direitos para a formação da elite mercantil paulista na segunda metade do século XVIII
Authors: Aidar Bruno
Published: May 2018

Resumo O artigo procura analisar a importância dos contratos de tributos cobrados sobre animais conduzidos dos campos meridionais da América portuguesa, denominados meios direitos, para o processo de diferenciação externa da elite mercantil paulista na segunda metade do século XVIII, especialmente com relação às alianças e disputas com outras frações das elites mercantis da colônia.
Relações verticais e horizontais no processo de inovação e aprendizagem interativa: estudo em um aglomerado produtivo
Authors: Betim Leozenir Mendes , Resende Luis Mauricio , Andrade Junior Pedro Paulo de , Pontes Joseane , Petter Rodolfo Reinaldo Hermes
Published: May 2018

Resumo Este estudo buscou analisar as relações verticais e horizontais e o impacto delas no processo de inovação e aprendizagem interativa, mediante um estudo de caso realizado em um aglomerado produtivo atuante no Brasil. Em termos de procedimento metodológico, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, contemplando um universo de 36 empresas que atuam no setor madeireiro. Os resultados da pesquisa ajudaram a identificar os fatores que limitam as empresas de um aglomerado a aderirem a relacionamentos de cooperação mais sólidos, capazes de incrementarem a competitividade. Constatou-se que no ambiente das empresas do aglomerado produtivo prevalecem os mecanismos do tipo learning by doing, obtidos pelas experiências acumuladas e habilidades adquiridas localmente, possibilitando a definição de adaptações e melhorias tecnológicas. Foi possível constatar a necessidade da construção de espaços que permitam a aprendizagem interativa no ambiente interno das empresas, com o desenvolvimento de novas habilidades e competências necessárias à inovação.
Serial album validation for promotion of infant body weight control
Authors: Saraiva Nathalia Costa Gonzaga , Medeiros Carla Campos Muniz , Araujo Thelma Leite de
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to validate the content and appearance of a serial album for children aged from 7 to 10 years addressing the topic of prevention and control of body weight. Method: methodological study with descriptive nature. The validation process was attended by 33 specialists in educational technologies and/or in excess of infantile weight. The agreement index of 80% was the minimum considered to guarantee the validation of the material. Results: most of the specialists had a doctoral degree and a graduate degree in nursing. Regarding content, illustrations, layout and relevance, all items were validated and 69.7% of the experts considered the album as great. The overall agreement validation index for the educational technology was 0.88. Only the script-sheet 3 did not reach the cutoff point of the content validation index. Changes were made to the material, such as title change, inclusion of the school context and insertion of nutritionist and physical educator in the story narrated in the album. Conclusion: the proposed serial album was considered valid by experts regarding content and appearance, suggesting that this technology has the potential to contribute in health education by promoting healthy weight in the age group of 7 to 10 years.
Phlebitis and infiltration: vascular trauma associated with the peripheral venous catheter
Authors: Braga Luciene Muniz , Parreira Pedro Miguel , Oliveira Anabela de Sousa Salgueiro , Mónico Lisete dos Santos Mendes , Arreguy-Sena Cristina , Henriques Maria Adriana
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the incidence rate and risk factors for the nursing-sensitive indicators phlebitis and infiltration in patients with peripheral venous catheters (PVCs). Method: cohort study with 110 patients. Scales were used to assess and document phlebitis and infiltration. Socio-demographic variables, clinical variables related to the PVC, medication and hospitalization variables were collected. Descriptive and inferential analysis and multivariate logistic models were used. Results: the incidence rate of phlebitis and infiltration was respectively 43.2 and 59.7 per 1000 catheter-days. Most PVCs with these vascular traumas were removed in the first 24 hours. Risk factors for phlebitis were: length of hospital stay (p=0.042) and number of catheters inserted (p<0.001); risk factors for infiltration were: piperacillin/tazobactan (p=0.024) and the number of catheters inserted (p<0.001). Conclusion: the investigation documented the incidence of nursing-sensitive indicators (phlebitis and infiltration) and revealed new risk factors related to infiltration. It also allowed a reflection on the nursing care necessary to prevent these vascular traumas and on the indications and contraindications of the PVC, supporting the implementation of the PICC as an alternative to PVC.