bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH POSTNASAL SYNDROME WITH VASOMOTOR RHINITIS BEFORE AND AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT
Authors:   Vitebsk City Clinical Emergency Hospital, E. V. Kuliakin
Published: September 2022

Purpose. Assessment of the quality of life of patients with postnasal syndrome with vasomotor rhinitis before and after surgical treatment using the SNOT­22 questionnaire (RUS) and using a visual analogue scale (VAS – 10­point subjective scale). Materials and methods. Two groups were formed: the main group – 30 patients (15 men and 15 women), who, along with laser photocoagulation of the inferior turbinates, underwent photocoagulation of the distal branches of the vidian nerve. The comparison group consisted of 30 patients (15 men and 15 women) who underwent only laser photocoagulation of the inferior turbinates. Results. Assessment of the quality of life of patients in the preoperative period using a specialized questionnaire SNOT­22 (RUS) and according to the VAS corresponds to the scale of moderately disturbing (main group – 40.8 ± 3.35 points, comparison group – 42.2 ± 3.17, breathing through nose and smell before surgery in the main group according to VAS – 9.6 ± 0.33 points, in the comparison group – 9.5 ± 0.25 points Complaints about mucus drainage along the posterior pharyngeal wall in the main group – 8.8 ± 0, 27 points, in the comparison group – 8.7 ± 0.18 points), in the postoperative period there is a progressive decrease in indicators (1 month after the operation in patients of the main group, respiratory and olfactory function – 1.8 ± 0.13 points, patients comparison groups – 2.4 ± 0.15 points Complaints about mucus drainage along the posterior pharyngeal wall patients of the main group – 0.7 ± 0.36 points, comparison groups – 4.2 ± 0.16 points Quality of life of patients using specialized questionnaire SNOT­22 (RUS) 1 month after surgery in the main group – 8.3 ± 1.85 points, in groups e comparison – 14.3 ± 2.86 points. Conclusions. Vasomotor rhinitis with postnasal syndrome reduces the quality of life of patients. The proposed methods of minimally invasive surgical treatment can improve the quality of life of patients in the postoperative periods.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE RELATIVE RISK OF DEATH FROM MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION OF THE FEMALE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, A. A. Dalgatova , A. M. Magomedova ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Sh. R. Rabadanova ,   Dagestan State Medical University, M. A. Ashurbekova ,   Dagestan State Medical University, B. M. Gadzhieva ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Z. A. Iriskhanova ,   Dagestan State Medical University
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the relative risk (RR) of death from myocardial infarction (MI) in women in the ecological zones of the Republic of Dagestan (RD). An epidemiological study of all female deaths from MI in RD in 2011–2020 was carried out taking into account their residence in cities and rural areas of various ecological zones. The analysis of the RR of mortality by altitude belts indicates that the foothills and mountains of RD are areas of increased risk of death from MI for the female population, while on the plains the same indicator is insignificantly lower. The highest mortality rate from MI among women was recorded in the south of the mountainous ecological zone (8.1 cases per 100,000 female population) with an RR of 1.3. Aim: analysis of the relative risk (RR) of death from myocardial infarction (MI) among women of ecological zones of the Republic of Dagestan (RD). Materials and methods: An epidemiological study of all female deaths from MI in RD in 2011–2020 was carried out taking into account their residence in cities and rural areas of various ecological zones. Results: An analysis of the RR of mortality in the high-altitude zones indicates that the foothills and mountains of the Republic of Dagestan are areas of increased risk of death from MI among female population. However, in the plain the same indicator is insignificantly lower. The highest mortality rate from MI among women was registered in the south of the mountain ecological zone (EZ) (9.1 cases per 100,000 female population) with RR 1.4. These data can be considered evidence of the effect on the risk of death from myocardial infarction among the female population from the southern mountainous areas with a sharply continental climate, characterized by high-altitude hypoxia, affecting the oxygen supply processes in the myocardium. Conclusion: The areas of increased RR of mortality from myocardial infarction among the female population of rural areas include the high-mountainous regions of the southern mountains of the Republic of Dagestan.
A change in the relation between the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole and the South Atlantic Ocean Dipole indices in the past four decades
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan , Vihma Timo , Sui Cuijuan , Sun Bo
Published: September 2022

Abstract. We utilized the global atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) and reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) data from 1979 through 2020 to examine the stability of the relationship between the SST oscillations in the southern Indian and the Atlantic Oceans described by the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) and the South Atlantic Ocean Dipole (SAOD) indices. We note a significant positive correlation between the two indices prior to the year 2000 but practically no correlation afterwards. We show that in the two decades prior to 2000, a positive phase of SAOD is associated with more convective activities over the subtropical southern Atlantic Ocean and eastern Brazil, which trigger a stronger upper-atmosphere wavetrain, and further produces stronger southern subtropical highs and surface anti-cyclonic circulations and therefore a stronger correlation between the two indices. The situation is reversed after 2000. Our results are potentially applicable for predictions of precipitation in southern Africa and South America.
Experimental development of a lake spray source function and its model implementation for Great Lakes surface emissions
Authors: Harb Charbel , Foroutan Hosein
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Lake spray aerosols (LSAs) are generated from freshwater breaking waves in a mechanism similar to their saltwater counterparts, sea spray aerosols (SSAs). Unlike the well-established research field pertaining to SSAs, studying LSAs is an emerging research topic due to their potential impacts on regional cloud processes and their association with the aerosolization of freshwater pathogens. A better understanding of these climatic and public health impacts requires the inclusion of LSA emission in atmospheric models, yet a major hurdle to this inclusion is the lack of a lake spray source function (LSSF), namely an LSA emission parameterization. Here, we develop an LSSF based on measurements of foam area and the corresponding LSA emission flux in a marine aerosol reference tank (MART). A sea spray source function (SSSF) is also developed for comparison. The developed LSSF and SSSF are then implemented in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate particle emissions from the Great Lakes surface from 10 to 30 November 2016. Measurements in the MART revealed that the average SSA total number concentration was 8 times higher than that of LSA. Over the 0.01–10 µm aerosol diameter size range, the developed LSSF was around 1 order of magnitude lower than the SSSF and around 2 orders of magnitude lower for aerosols with diameters between 1 and 3 µm. Model results revealed that LSA emission flux from the Great Lakes surface can reach ∼105 m−2 s−1 during an episodic event of high wind speeds. These emissions only increased the average total aerosol number concentrations in the region by up to 1.65 %, yet their impact on coarse-mode aerosols was much more significant, with up to a 19-fold increase in some areas. The increase in aerosol loading was mostly near the source region, yet LSA particles were transported up to 1000 km inland. Above the lakes, LSA particles reached the cloud layer, where the total and coarse-mode particle concentrations increased by up to 3 % and 98 %, respectively. Overall, this study helps quantify LSA emission and its impact on regional aerosol loading and the cloud layer.
Frequency of large volcanic eruptions over the past 200,000 years
Authors: Wolff Eric W. , Burke Andrea , Crick Laura , Doyle Emily A. , Innes Helen M. , Mahony Sue H. , Rae James W. B. , Severi Mirko , Sparks R. Stephen J.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions are the dominant cause of natural variability in climate forcing on timescales up to multidecadal. Large volcanic eruptions lead to global-scale climate effects and influence the carbon cycle on long timescales. However, estimating the frequency of eruptions is challenging. Here we assess the frequency at which eruptions with particular deposition fluxes are observed in the EPICA Dome C ice core over the last 200 kyr. Using S isotope analysis we confirm that most of the largest peaks recorded at Dome C are from stratospheric eruptions. The cumulative frequency through 200 kyr is close to linear suggesting an approximately constant rate of eruptions. There is no evidence for an increase in the rate of events recorded in Antarctica at either of the last two deglaciations. Millennial variability is at the level expected from recording small numbers of eruptions, while multimillennial variability may be partly due to changes in transport efficiency through the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Our record of events with sulfate deposition rates > 20 mg m-2 and >50 mg m-2 contains 678 and 75 eruptions respectively over the last 200 kyr. Calibration with data on historic eruptions and analysis of a global Quaternary dataset of terrestrial eruptions indicates that sulfate peaks with deposition rates > 20 mg m-2 and >50 mg m-2 correspond to explosive eruptions of magnitude ≥ 6.5 and ≥ 7 respectively. The largest recorded eruption deposited just over 300 mg m-2.
Modeling the Inhibition Effect of Straw Checkerboard Barriers on Wind-blown Sand
Authors: Huang Haojie
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Straw checkerboard barriers (SCBs) are usually laid to prevent or delay the process of desertification caused by aeolian sand erosion in arid and semi-arid regions. Understanding the impact of SCBs and its laying length on aeolian sand erosion is of great significance to reduce the damage and the laying costs. In this study, a three-dimensional wind-blown sand model in presence of SCBs was established by introducing the splash process and equivalent sand barriers into a large-eddy simulation airflow. From this model, the inhibition effect of SCBs on wind-blown sand was studied qualitatively, and the sensitivity of aeolian sand erosion to the laying length was investigated. The results showed that the wind speed in the SCBs area decreases oscillatively along the flow direction. Moreover, the longer the laying lengths, the lower the wind speed in the stable stage behind SCBs, and the lower the sand transport rate. We further found that the concentration of sand particles near the side of SCBs is higher than that in its central region, which is qualitatively consistent with the previous research. Our results also indicated that whether the wind speed will decrease below the impact threshold or the fluid threshold is the key factor affecting whether sand particles can penetrate the SCBs and form stable wind-blown sand behind the SCBs under the same conditions. Our research can provide theoretical support for the minimum laying length of SCBs in anti-desertification projects.
Potassium-limitation of forest productivity, part 2: CASTANEA-MAESPA-K shows a reduction in photosynthesis rather than a stoichiometric limitation of tissue formation
Authors: Cornut Ivan , le Maire Guerric , Laclau Jean-Paul , Guillemot Joannès , Nouvellon Yann , Delpierre Nicolas
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Potassium availability constrains forest productivity. Brazilian eucalypt plantations are a good example of the K-limitation of wood production. Here, we built upon a previously described model (CASTANEA-MAESPA-K) and used it to understand whether the simulated decline in C-source under K deficiency was sufficient to explain the K-limitation of wood productivity in Brazilian eucalypt plantations. We developed allocation schemes for both C and K and included into CASTANEA-MAESPA-K. No direct limitations of the C-sink activity, nor direct modifications of the C-allocation by K availability were included in the model. Simulation results show that the model was successful in replicating the observed patterns of wood productivity, growth, NPP limitation by K deficiency. Simulations also show that the response of NPP is not linear with increasing K fertilisation. Simulated stem carbon use and water use efficiencies decreased with decreasing levels of K availability. Simulating a direct stoichiometric limitation of wood productivity, growth, NPP was not necessary to reproduce the observed decline of productivity under K limitation, suggesting that K stoichiometric plasticity could be different than that of N and P. Confirming previous results from the literature, the model simulated an intense recirculation of K in the trees, suggesting that retranslocation processes were essential for tree functioning. Optimal K fertilisation levels calculated by the model were similar to nutritional recommendations currently applied in Brazilian eucalypt plantations, paving the way for validating the model at a larger scale and this approach to develop decision-making tools to improve fertilisation practices.
Contemporary (2016–2020) land cover across West Antarctica and the McMurdo Dry Valleys
Authors: Stringer Christopher D. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Quincey Duncan J. , Nývlt Daniel
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Continental-scale land cover information is essential to furthering our understanding of the terrestrial environment, atmosphere and climate change. Several global land cover products have been released in recent years but they typically do not include Antarctica. The lack of land cover data in Antarctica is concerning because mountain glaciers and icecaps there have been losing mass at a rate well above the global average, leading to expansion of proglacial regions. Proglacial regions comprise transient land cover types with high rates of geomorphological activity that delivers sediment into the Southern Ocean and supports its rich biodiversity. With Antarctic mountain glaciers and icecaps projected to lose more mass in the coming decades, and active layer soils expected to increase in thickness, it is timely to establish a baseline land cover dataset for Antarctica with which future classifications can be compared. Here, we use Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images to classify six proglacial regions of Antarctica at 30 m resolution, with an overall accuracy of 77.0 % for proglacial land classes. We conducted this classification using an unsupervised K-means clustering approach, which circumvented the need for training data and was highly effective at picking up key land classes, such as vegetation, water, and different sedimentary surfaces. We have highlighted the spatial pattern in land cover and emphasise a need for more and higher quality field data. The land cover maps produced from this paper are available at: Stringer, C. (2022). Contemporary (2016–2020) land cover classification across West Antarctica and the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/5A5EE38C-E296-48A2-85D2-E29DB66E5E24.
Neural networks for data assimilation of surface and upper-air data in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: de Almeida Vinícius Albuquerque , de Campos Velho Haroldo Fraga , França Gutemberg Borges , Ebecken Nelson Francisco Favilla
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The practical feasibility of neural networks models for data assimilation using local observations data in the WRF model for the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region in Brazil is evaluated. Surface and multi-level variables retrieved from airport meteorological stations are used: air temperature, relative humidity, and wind (speed and direction). Also, 6-hour forecast from WRF high-resolution simulations are used – domain centered in the Rio de Janeiro city with nested grids of 8 and 2.6 km. Periods of 168 h from 2015–2019 are used with 6 h and 12 h assimilation cycles for surface and upper-air data, respectively, applied to 6-hour forecast fields. The observed data (interpolated to grid points close to airport locations and influence computed in its surroundings) and short-range forecasts are used as input for training model and the 3D-Var analysis on 6-hour forecast fields for each grid point is used as target variable. The neural network models are built using two different approaches: WEKA mul- tilayer perceptron model and TensorFlow’s deep learning implementation. The year of 2019 is used as an independent dataset for forecast validation from the trained models. Results employing 6-hour forecast fields with neural network models are able to emulate the 3D-Var results for surface and multi-level variables, with better results for the NN-TensoFlow implementation. The main result refers to CPU time reduction enabled by the neural networks models, reducing the data assimilation CPU-time by 121 times and 25 times for NN-TensorFlow and NN-WEKA, respectively, in comparison to the 3D-Var method under the same hardware configurations.
Development of a novel daily-scale compound dry and hot index and its application across non-arid regions of China
Authors: Wang Huimin , Zhang Gengxi , Zhang Shuyu , Su Xiaoling , Song Songbai , Shi Lijie , Feng Kai , Fu Xiaolei
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Drought and heat extremes often occur simultaneously or sequentially within a short period, named compound dry and hot events (CDHEs), enhancing damages caused by individual drought or heat extremes. Under global warming, occurrences of short-term CDHEs have increased, adversely impacting the ecosystem and society. However, current indicators generally monitor CDHEs at monthly scales, which cannot reflect short-term CDHEs. This study proposes a novel daily-scale compound dry and hot index (DCDHI) by jointing daily Standardized Moisture Anomaly Index (SZI) and Standardized Temperature Index (STI) using Copula. The applicability of daily SZI and DCDHI indices in monitoring droughts and CDHEs is verified across non-arid regions of China. The daily SZI agrees better with soil moisture variations than the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation and Temperature Index (SPEI) at multiple time scales, indicating it can be applied to construct daily DCDHI for detecting compound dry and hot events. The DCDHI can detect spatial evolutions of dry and hot conditions within a month and reflects vegetation losses, indicating the DCDHI is a good indicator for detecting compound CDHEs at different time scales (daily to monthly). The characteristics of CDHEs during growing seasons (April to October) are also investigated from 1961 to 2021. There is a significant increase in the area affected by CDHEs, which occur more frequently for the period of 1990–2021 than 1961–1989. The severity of compound dry and hot events decreases from the period 1961–1989 to 1990–2021 in northern regions but increases in southern especially southwestern regions. More extreme compound dry and hot events are more likely to occur under global warming. The new tool proposed in this study could detect evolutions and characteristics of short-term CDHEs and provide technical support for the risk management of extreme events.
Increased Nonstationarity of Stormflow Threshold Behaviors in a Forested Watershed Due to Abrupt Earthquake Disturbance
Authors: Zhang Guotao , Cui Peng , Gualtieri Carlo , Bazai Nazir Ahmed , Zhang Xueqin , Zhang Zhengtao
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Extreme earthquake disturbances to local and regional landscape vegetation could rapidly impair original hydrologic functioning, significantly increasing the hydrologic nonstationarity and complexity in threshold behaviors of rainfall-runoff processes. It is unclear how alternating catchment behaviors under an ongoing large earthquake disruption are mediated by long-term interactions of landslides and vegetation evolutions. In a famous Wenchuan earthquake-affected watershed, China, the presence and form of three-linear stormflow threshold behaviors are examined, and both thresholds are identified as a diagnostic tool to characterize variations in hydrologic emergent patterns pre- and post-earthquake. It was revealed that lower rising threshold (Tr) value (210.48) in post-earthquake landslide regions exhibited faster stormflow responses, possibly triggering huge flood disasters. An integrated watershed average (IWA) index for both thresholds (generation threshold Tg-IWA and Tr-IWA) at the watershed scale was proposed based on long-term vegetation dynamics and threshold-based hydrological theory. The interannual variations of both hydrologic thresholds were assessed to detect the nonstationarity in hydrologic extremes and nonlinear runoff response pre- and post-earthquake. 2011 was a tipping point of the unsteady recovery process, as post-earthquake landslides evolutions reached a state of extreme heterogeneity in space. At that moment, the Tr-IWA value at the watershed scale decreased by ~ 9 mm compared to the pre-earthquake level, and the fast expansion of landslides generally led to a larger extension of variable source area from channel to neighboring hillslopes and faster subsurface stormflow contributing to flash floods. Additionally, we present a conceptual model interpreting how the short- and long-term interactions of earthquake-induced landslides and vegetation affect flood hydrographs at event timescale that generated an increased nonstationary hydrologic behavior. This study expands our knowledge about the threshold-based hydrological behavior and the nonstationary stormflow threshold behaviors in response to abrupt earthquake disturbance for the prediction of future flood regimes.
Unsettling settler colonialism in words and land:
Authors: Gellman Mneesha
Published: September 2022

This article examines two case studies of unsettling settler colonialism in the far north of California: the inclusion of Yurok language electives in public high schools, and land return to the Wiyot Tribe. These two cases demonstrate repertoires of Indigenous resistance to historic and ongoing culturecide—the killing of culture—and show what unsettling settler colonialism looks like in the region. The central research question in this article is: How does unsettling happen in settler colonial-controlled public institutionalised spaces in far northern California? I argue that acts of Indigenous voice-raising and place-making constitute forms of resistance to ongoing erasure of Indigenous peoples in settler-colonised spaces. Concretely, both Yurok language course inclusion in public schools and land return of Duluwat Island to the Wiyot Tribe disrupt patterns of culturecide and promote new kinds of settler-Indigenous relations in the region.
Superannuation member disengagement and fund efficiency: the impact of the fees and costs section in superannuation fund product disclosure statements
Authors:   , Ma Kexin
Published: September 2022

This thesis adopts behavioural finance as the theoretical framework to investigate whether the fees and costs section in Product Disclosure Statements (PDSs), following two regulatory changes affecting this section, engage members and enhance superannuation fund efficiency. By using a mixed-method, this research shows that the fees and costs section in PDSs examined over seven years (2013 to 2019) are readable by the general public but are not accessible. More importantly, the fees and costs section in PDSs do not effectively engage superannuation members or enhance fund efficiency, even though this section has undergone different regulatory changes to achieve these goals.
Que nunca pensé, ni aspiré a que trujeses thesoros de las Indias. Aristocracia y mediación cortesana en torno a una provisión extravagante del virreinato del Perú (1686-1688)
Authors: Quirós Rosado Roberto
Published: September 2022

Las esferas cortesanas de la monarquía de España ofrecen diferentes ópticas para poder ser estudiadas, tanto en sus espacios como con sus actores. Ante su prestigio y ascendencia política, la aristocracia constituyó una pieza clave en dicho microcosmos. Sociabilidad e intereses confluyeron en un horizonte marcado por la necesidad de establecer canales de mediación con los oficiales reales para la obtención de la gracia del rey. La figura del medianero nobiliario, pese a todo, ha sido opacada por la constante aparición de agentes vinculados a los consejos. En el presente estudio se abordará dicha figura a través de la correspondencia mantenida entre Antonio Ramírez de Haro, conde de Bornos, y su familiar Pedro Félix Joseph de Silva, conde de Cifuentes, durante los años 1686 y 1688, que articularía un amplio proceso de captación de voluntades para la obtención del virreinato del Perú para el segundo de ellos. Esta dignidad, tras alcanzarse de Carlos II, no llegaría a ser efectiva ante las extravagancias geopolíticas y personales del virrey electo.
Evaluation of Quality of Life, Fatigue Severity and Functional Status in Post Covid-19 Patients - Cross Over Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sarap Renuka , Shinde Dr. Mukesh , Mahajan Dr. Pradnya
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION: Covid-19 is a pandemic disease which is affecting the people across the globe and have a significant influence on the condition of physical, mental problems like depression, anxiety, poor sleep, and social health, including patients with mild illness. It has been shown that after viral infections, patients often sustain functional limitations over a long period after discharge from the hospital. So the Purpose Of study was to evaluate the fatigue severity, quality of life and Functional status in the post COVID-19 patient at 2nd week and after 1 year of discharge.
METHODOLOGY: Subjects were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Procedure were explained to the subjects and were interviewed for assessing the quality of life, fatigue severity and functional status on 2nd weeks of discharge or completion of isolation period of covid-19 & same individuals were interviewed with the same outcome measures after 1 year. The data was collected and results were carried out.
RESULTS: Fatigue severity on 2nd week was 3.87+1.255(mean+ SD) & 1 year was 1.058+0.156. For quality of life on 2nd week 2.7% poor, 19.2% fair, 43.8% good, 27.4% very good, 6.8% excellent health & after 1 year was, 0% shows poor and fair health condition, 4.1% good, 15.1% very good, 80.8% excellent health condition. Functional status on 2nd week was 21.9% no functional limitations, 26.0% negligible functional limitations, 38.4% slightly functional limitations, 13.7% moderate functional limitations, 0.0% severe functional limitations & after 1 year was 94.5% no functional limitations, 5.5% negligible functional limitations, 0.0% slightly functional limitations, 0.0% moderate functional limitations, 0.0% severe functional limitations.
CONCLUSION: The quality of life, Functional status in post COVID-19 patients is improved after 1 year as compare to 2nd week. Fatigue severity is less after 1 year of covid-19 as compared to 2nd week. But fatigue still persists in negligible percentage after 1 year of covid-19. So the study concludes that covid-19 might lead to long term physical illness.

Key words: COVID-19, Functional status, Fatigue severity, Quality of life.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Treatment by Magneti Nanoparticles (Hyperthermia Method): A Review
Authors: Altayeb Yousra Bashir Fathalrhman , Yılmaz Ecir
Published: September 2022

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most commonly diagnosed oral cancer. It is a type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) oral cancer affects more than 300,000 people in a year. Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignant cancer. The traditional methods of treatment were used through surgery, followed by chemotherapy, but these methods are not effective enough for the treatment, so treatment was focused on using magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles demolish only the cancer cells directly without affecting healthy cells. They can also be used to increase the effectiveness of the other treatment methods. Iron oxide nanoparticles, maghemite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancerous diseases. Iron oxides NPs have distinctive properties as they have good biodegradability, very low toxicity, modifiability, and ease of preparation. the method of hyperthermia is one of the effective methods in the treatment of cancer. Because cancer cells show greater sensitivity to high temperature compared to normal cells.
Inequalities for Riemannian Submersions Involving Casorati Curvatures: A New Approach
Authors: Polat Gülistan , Şahin Bayram , Lee Jae Won
Published: September 2022

For surfaces in a Euclidean 3-space Casorati [4] introduced a new curvature in 1890 what is today called the Casorati curvature. This curvature was preferred by Casorati over Gauss curvature because Gauss curvature may vanish for surfaces that look intuitively curved, while Casorati curvature only vanishes at the planer points. The Casorati curvature C of submanifolds in a Riemannian manifold is the extrinsic invariant given by the normalized square of the second fundamental form and some optimal inequalities containing Casorati curvatures were obtained for submanifolds of real space forms, complex space forms, and quaternionic space forms [6,11,15,16,17,24,29]. The notion of Casorati curvature is the extended version of the notion of principal curvatures of a hypersurface of a Riemannian manifold. So, it is both important and very interesting to obtain some optimal inequalities for the Casorati curvatures of submanifolds in any ambient Rimannian manifolds. Later, C.W., J.W., Şahin and Vilcu [13] were obtained inequalities for Riemannian maps to space forms, as well as for Riemannian submersion to space forms, involving Casorati curvature. In this study, for a submersion between a space form and Riemannian manifold, we establish an optimization involving the Casorati curvature of the horizontal space. We also investigate the harmonicity of Riemannian map involving Casorati inequalities.
Determination of Poisson’s Ratios of Auxetic Chiral Structures
Authors: Yolcu Dilek Atilla , Baba Buket Okutan
Published: September 2022

The transformation of an object from its original shape under the influence of various internal and external forces is called deformation. Auxetic deformation, unlike conventional deformation, can occur irregularly on the object. For this reason, the Poisson’s ratio values of the auxetic materials vary according to the measurement points on the auxetic specimen and different elongation amounts. Although there is no standard experimental method for determining the Poisson’s ratio, which shows the degree of auxeticity in the literature, different methods such as taking measurements from different measurement areas and considering different cell numbers have been used to determine the Poisson’s ratio. However, the calculated Poisson’s ratio represents only the measured points. In this study, the Poisson’s ratios of three different cell structures that are tetra-chiral, antitetra-chiral, and hexa-chiral structures were determined numerically and experimentally at varying elongation amounts of 1mm, 2mm, and 3mm. Auxetic plates with three different chiral structures were produced from PLA material with a three-dimensional printer for experimental analysis. A Digimizer image processing program was used to obtain the Poisson’s ratio in experimental measurements. The specimen was photographed by the device at certain elongations, and the elongation values at the measurement points were obtained through the program. The values of the experimentally established Poisson’s ratio were also calculated numerically using the ANSYS finite element program at varying deformation rates. Thus, the Poisson’s ratios for the changing cell structure, and elongation amount were obtained comparatively and their changes were revealed to establish a measurement standard.
The Effect of Acidic Environment on Bending Behaviour of Glass-Carbon/Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites
Authors: Akderya Tarkan , Polat Nesrin Horzum , Baba Buket Okutan
Published: September 2022

In this study, the effect of an acidic environment on the bending properties of hybrid composites was investigated. Instead of conventional glass fibre/epoxy and carbon fibre/epoxy polymer composite materials, glass-carbon fibre reinforced epoxy polymer (GCFREP) hybrid composite materials against the low strength of glass fibre and high cost of carbon fibre have been used. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) - nitric acid (HNO3) combination has been formed to simulate an acid rain environment. Synthetic acidic solutions of H2SO4 - HNO3 at pH values of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 at -10, 25, and 40 °C have been prepared. GCFREP hybrid composite materials have been immersed in these solutions periodically for one day and 1-3-6-9-12 weeks. Samples of GCFREP hybrid composite materials that complete the exposure to acidic media within specified periods have been subjected to three-point bending tests. As a result of the research, it has been observed that the bending properties of GCFREP hybrid composites change significantly as the acidity of the environment and ambient temperature values increases. These changes have become more evident with prolonged exposure durations.
Organoleptic Properties and Nutritional Composition of Ready-to Eat Soya Bean Curd (Awara) Sold in Wudil Town, Kano-Nigeria
Authors: Bala Yakubu Abubakar , Faruk Ahmed Umar , Shehu Adamu Abdullahi
Published: September 2022

A research on organoleptic properties and nutritional composition of ready-to-eat Soya bean curd (Awara) was carried out. A total of fifty (50) samples of Awara were purchased from different locations in Wudil town within the period of eight weeks, in which ten (10) samples were purchased for five times at an interval of two weeks. The samples were subjected to sensory analysis to determine consumer preference using 9-point hedonic scale, Proximate analyses were also carried out on the 50 representative samples using the official method of analysis of the AOAC, 2005. The results of proximate composition shows that sample J had the highest mean moisture content (28.94%) while sample B had the least mean moisture content (9.96%), sample D had the highest mean ash content (5.31%) while sample G had the least mean ash content (2.67%), sample D had the highest mean protein content (32.00%) while sample A had the least (5.31%), the sample G had the highest mean fat content (43.12%) while the sample J had the least (28.89%), the sample J had the highest mean crude fibre content (1.26%) while the sample A had the least and the sample J had the highest mean carbohydrate contents than the sample B had the least. Values obtained from the samples analyzed in table 1 (organoleptic properties) were subjected to Kruskal Wallis-H test at 95% confidence interval, significantly different variables were subjected to LSD to determine the source of variation, the result of the analysis shows that there is no significant difference between the samples in terms of colour, tenderness, thickness, flavor and overall acceptability but differs significantly in spices and saltiness. The result obtained in table 2 (Nutritional composition) was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA one way) and the result shows that there is no significant difference in terms of fat and carbohydrate but all the remaining component (ash, protein, crude fibre and moisture) differs significantly from one another within the samples analyzed. The qualities of some Awara samples analyzed do not conform to the NAFDAC standards. The organoleptic variation observed with the NAFDAC’s standards indicated the likelihood of poor sanitation and handling procedure during production, storage and selling of the product. The result of this study is of public health concern and call for effective quality control in Awara production by the producers. It is thus recommended that appropriate government regulatory bodies ensure that quality compliance is enforced.
"GDF-15 Signaling Leading to Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer - a Literature Review"
Authors:   Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania, Lungulescu Cristina , Sur Daniel ,   Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania. 3, Răileanu Ștefan ,   Department of Oncology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Craiova, Romania, Dumitru Ștefania Maria ,   Department of Oncology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Craiova, Romania, Mateianu Elena Adriana ,   ”Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, Bucharest, Romania, Lungulescu Cristian Virgil ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department of Oncology, Craiova, Romania
Published: September 2022

"Abstract Importance: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-established process leading to metastasis, which is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. EMT represents a critical step in the development of tumors, and is distinguishable through specific characteristics in tumor cells, such as the ability to invade and resist pharmacological treatments. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a distinct member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF- β) superfamily which increases metastasis of cells both in vitro and in vivo by inducing EMT. Observations: High GDF-15 levels in certain cancers, including endometrial, prostate, pan-creatic, and colorectal cancer (CRC), may be associated with poor clinical outcomes. Higher plasma concentrations of GDF-15 have been linked to an increased risk of developing CRC and colorectal CRC-related mortality prior to a diagnosis of CRC. It has been observed that surgical excision of CRC reduces serum GDF-15, which increases when the tumor progresses, and that monitoring serum levels after surgery may aid in the prediction of cancer recurrence. However, data showed that GDF-15 regulation promoted 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in colon cancer and GDF-15 overexpression can re-sensitize 5-FU-resistant tumor cells to chemotherapy, sug-gesting that GDF-15 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in colon cancer. Conclusions: Functional investigations of GDF-15's role in malignancy are scarce and dis-puted; prior findings indicate overexpression of GDF-15 in cancers, which contrasts GDF-15's potential role as a tumor suppressor. A thorough understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of EMT may lead to significant advancements in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Keywords: growth/differentiation factor-15, GDF-15, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, EMT, colorectal cancer, metastasis, prognostic."
Pineoblastomas in Pediatric Patients: A Single Institutional Experience
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Pathology Specialists of Memphis, Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare, Memphis, Tennessee, Lăpădat Răzvan
Published: September 2022

Pineoblastomas are rare, malignant pineal parenchymal tumors encountered predominantly in pediatric patients. They are distinct from primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) at other sites in that they exhibit photosensory differentiation including Flexner–Wintersteiner rosettes and fleu-rettes. Diagnosis can be challenging since they share morphologic and immunohistochemical fea-tures with other embryonal tumors and the developing pineal gland. Pineal anlage tumor is a rare variant of pineoblastoma defined by divergent neuroepithelial and ectomesenchymal differentia-tion without an endodermal component. To date the five published cases of anlage tumors be-haved aggressively. We describe a case series which includes one patient with pineal anlage tu-mor and the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of pediatric pineoblastomas.
High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma with Squamous Differentiation and Favourable Response to Immunotherapy – a Case Report
Authors:   Department of Medical Oncology,“Ion Chiricuță” Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Gorzo Alecsandra , Galos Diana ,   Department of Medical Oncology,“Ion Chiricuță” Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Sur Daniel ,   Department of Medical Oncology,“Ion Chiricuță” Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2  11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hație-ganu” Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Matei Ramona ,   Municipal Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: September 2022

Bladder cancer is the 10th most common cancer type worldwide, with a median age of diag-nostic of 75 years. Male sex, white race, personal history of pelvic radiation, and tobacco use are considered risk factors. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent histology. Squamous dif-ferentiation (SD) is the most common histologic variant in bladder cancer (20% of cases) and is associated with a worse prognosis. We presented the case of a 75-years old male patient diag-nosed with high-grade (G3) UC of the bladder with SD who developed skin metastasis shortly after completing the adjuvant chemotherapy. He was further started on 1st line immunotherapy with Atezolizumab, with good response and stable disease until this report was written (for twelve months).
Studying hard while hungry and broke: Striving for academic well-being while navigating food insecurity
Authors: Osiecki Kristin , Barnett Jessie , Mejia Angie , Burley Tessie , Nyhus Kara , Pickens Kaitlyn
Published: September 2022

Food insecurity on college campuses dispropor­tionately impacts underrepresented students and can contribute to detrimental outcomes. Further­more, new research with a broader scope includes universitywide populations such as faculty and staff who may also face food insecurity. The reasons behind higher-education food insecurity are com­plex and based in historic academic structures that create gender and race disparities. Focusing on increasing the numbers of women and minorities entering the graduate school pipeline has resulted in a more equitable distribution of master and doc­toral level degrees. However, lower wages, higher workloads, and perceptions of inferior academic performance continue in the current day. These factors contribute to only 26% of women achiev­ing full professorship and only one-third receiving external federal research funding. This reflection provides autoethnographical accounts of three female faculty members who experienced hunger during their undergraduate and graduate careers, and intermittently struggle with purchasing nutri­tious foods as working professionals. They also discuss their interactions with and observations of their students who also face challenges in securing meals on a regular basis. Three undergraduate female students who are actively involved in cam­pus food projects share their insights from a per­sonal and peer perspective. Grassroot initiatives including an onsite food pantry, a village garden, external funding, and ongoing research attempt to fill gaps. In addition to short-term fixes, it is im­portant to continue conversations with university administration and community leaders to create policies and programs to address campus food insecurity.
Keeping with Tradition: Preference for the Longstanding Definition of Mass Shooting
Authors: Fox James , Fridel Emma
Published: September 2022

As defined back in the 1980s, the term “mass shooting” has long been understood to mean the intentional killing of four or more victims with gunfire in a single incident. However, recent efforts to examine this rare and tragic crime have employed alternate definitional criteria. In order to facilitate cross-study comparisons and curb rampant public fear, it is imperative that scholars, politicians, and the media avoid using the same terminology to describe very different phenomena. In this article, we advocate for the traditional definition in view of a variety of theoretical and methodological considerations.
Homeland Fascism
Authors: Schwendinger Herman , Schwendinger Julia
Published: September 2022

"It can't happen here."

This has been the prevailing sentiment about the possible emergence of fascism in the United States since the rise of international fascism in the 1930s.

Yet there are signs that it may already be happening, and at the highest levels of government...

In their copiously researched and documented work the Schwendingers outline the structural transformations, policies, and practices that raise the prospect of fascist governance in the 21st Century US. They show that a homeland fascism has significant supports within the framework of American liberal democracy. This is an important analysis in a context in which concerns about fascist demagoguery and far right mobilization appear to be growing in the US and beyond.
Análise do perfil e da sobrecarga em cuidadores de idosos
Authors: Almeida Ana Flávia Naoum , Lopes Leticia da Costa , Machado Carla Silva , Santos Natalia Sousa
Published: September 2022

O envelhecimento é caracterizado por um conjunto de alterações funcionais e bioquímicas progressivas que dificultam a rotina do idoso. Por isso, muitas vezes faz-se necessário um cuidador, cujo caráter constante do trabalho gera sobrecarga, podendo acarretar sintomas psiquiátricos e somáticos. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil e a sobrecarga de cuidadores de idosos. Utilizou-se para avaliação de cem cuidadores, o questionário de identificação e a Escala de Zarit Burden Interview. Os cuidadores eram em sua maioria do gênero feminino, com média de idade de 44,9 anos, que cuidam e residem com o idoso diariamente. A sobrecarga moderada foi a mais relatada, a maior dependência do idoso correlaciona-se com a maior sobrecarga. Conclui-se com o presente estudo que a maioria dos idosos são do gênero feminino, com IMC acima do esperado, viúvas, não acamadas, com afecções motoras e cognitivas; e os cuidadores em maioria mulheres, familiares, com IMC acima do esperado, casadas, sem curso de capacitação ou auxílio, com grau moderado de sobrecarga. É imprescindível elaborar estratégias para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores, contribuindo assim para benefícios do cuidador e do idoso assistido.
Screening of AmpC-Family genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients in Najaf City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Absawe Salam Ali Abd , Tuwaij Nabil Salim Saaid
Published: September 2022

Burn patients are at risk of severe infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa due to their immunosuppressive conditions. A one mechanism of resistance in this pathogen by AmpC beta-lactamases, therefore this study included molecular screening AmpC family genes among isolates of P. aeruginosa. The present work was conducted in Al-Sadr Medical City, and burns unit center as well as some chief clinical laboratories in Al-Najaf City period December 2021 to March 2022.  An entirety of  68 patients were checked to recognize P. aeruginosa isolates.  Bacterial growth were 59 (86.76%), as following   12(17.64%), 47 (69.11%)  and 9 (13.23%) for gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative and non- growth respectively .Results recorded 32(54.23%) of P. aeruginosa isolates. At same respect, the percentage of P. aeruginosa isolates in women were 20(33.89%) compared with 12(20.33%) in male. Results showed 20(62.5%) of isolates were resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam, , with a MIC of 128 µg/ml, Also data in table (2) showed that 32(100%) resistance to cefazoline antibiotic at MIC of 64 µg/ml. Whereas, the bacterial isolates showed less resistance to ceftazidime and cefepime, as the resistance ratios reached 21(65.62%) and 19(59.37%) respectively.the results showed that 20(62.5%) were resistant to imipenem while 19(59.37) and 18(56.25) were resistance gentamycin and amikacin respectively.