bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficiency of silica gel, biochar, and plant growth promoting bacteria on Cr and Pb availability to Solanum melongena L. in contaminated soil irrigated with wastewater
Authors: Rabiya Umm e , Ali Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Ansar , Siddiq Zafar , Alamri Saud A. , Siddiqui Manzer H. , Khan Waqas-ud-Din
Published: August 2022

Crop irrigation with untreated wastewater is a routine practice in developing countries that causes multiple human health consequences. A comparative study was performed to regulate total Cr and Pb stress in soil andSolanum melongenaL. plant. For this purpose, 0.2% chitosan polymerized silica gel (CP-silica gel), 1.5% zinc-enriched biochar (ZnBc), and three bacterial species such asTrichococcussp. (B1),Pseudomonas alcaligenes(B2), andBacillus subtilis(B3) were selected. Initially, a biosorption trial was conducted to test the heavy metal removal efficiency of three bacterial species B1, B2, and B3 for 24 h. Hence, B3 showed maximum Cr and Pb removal efficiency among the studied bacterial isolates. Then, a pot study was conducted with 12 different treatments having three replicates. After harvesting, different growth and biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll concentration, proteins, phenolics, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. The results demonstrated that wastewater application significantly (p≤ 0.01) reduced the fresh and dry weights of the root, stem, and leaves due to high total Cr and Pb toxicity. However, CP-silica gel and ZnBc treatments performed best when applied in combination with B3. The concentration of leaf total Cr was significantly decreased (91 and 85%) with the application of ZnBc + B3 and CP-Silica gel + B3, respectively, as compared to control. There was a reduction in stem hydrogen peroxide (87%) and malondialdehyde (81%) recorded with CP-silica gel + B3 treatment due to enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase (6-folds) and catalase (7-folds) relative to control. Similarly, leaf total phenolics (3-folds) and protein (6-folds) contents were enhanced with CP silica gel+B3 application relative to control. Overall, CP-silica gel and ZnBc with B3 application proved to be the most appropriate treatments and can be used in developing countries to limit the deleterious effects of total Cr and Pb pollution.
Maize and peanut intercropping improves the nitrogen accumulation and yield per plant of maize by promoting the secretion of flavonoids and abundance of Bradyrhizobium in rhizosphere
Authors: Dong Qiqi , Zhao Xinhua , Zhou Dongying , Liu Zhenhua , Shi Xiaolong , Yuan Yang , Jia Peiyan , Liu Yingyan , Song Penghao , Wang Xiaoguang , Jiang Chunji , Liu Xibo , Zhang He , Zhong Chao , Guo Feng , Wan Shubo , Yu Haiqiu , Zhang Zheng
Published: August 2022

Belowground interactions mediated by root exudates are critical for the productivity and efficiency of intercropping systems. Herein, we investigated the process of microbial community assembly in maize, peanuts, and shared rhizosphere soil as well as their regulatory mechanisms on root exudates under different planting patterns by combining metabolomic and metagenomic analyses. The results showed that the yield of intercropped maize increased significantly by 21.05% (2020) and 52.81% (2021), while the yield of intercropped peanut significantly decreased by 39.51% (2020) and 32.58% (2021). The nitrogen accumulation was significantly higher in the roots of the intercropped maize than in those of sole maize at 120 days after sowing, it increased by 129.16% (2020) and 151.93% (2021), respectively. The stems and leaves of intercropped peanut significantly decreased by 5.13 and 22.23% (2020) and 14.45 and 24.54% (2021), respectively. The root interaction had a significant effect on the content of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) as well as the activities of urease (UE), nitrate reductase (NR), protease (Pro), and dehydrogenase (DHO) in the rhizosphere soil. A combined network analysis showed that the content of NH4+-N as well as the enzyme activities of UE, NR and Pro increased in the rhizosphere soil, resulting in cyanidin 3-sambubioside 5-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-(6-Op-coumaroyl) glucoside-5-O-glucoside; shisonin were significantly up-regulated in the shared soil of intercropped maize and peanut, reshaped the bacterial community composition, and increased the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium. These results indicate that interspecific root interactions improved the soil microenvironment, regulated the absorption and utilization of nitrogen nutrients, and provided a theoretical basis for high yield and sustainable development in the intercropping of maize and peanut.
Root tragedy of the commons: Revisiting the mechanisms of a misunderstood theory
Authors: Cabal Ciro
Published: August 2022

Fine root density in the soil is a plant functional trait of paramount importance for plant ecology and agriculture. Fine root proliferation by plants involves complex plant strategies that may depend on various abiotic and biotic factors. Concretely, the root tragedy of the commons (RToC) is a behavioral strategy predicted by game theory models in which interacting plants forage for soil resources inefficiently. Generally, researchers assume that the RToC is a proactive competition strategy directly induced by the non-self roots. In this opinion, I recall Hardin’s original definition of the tragedy of the commons to challenge this notion. I argue that the RToC is a suboptimal phenotypically plastic response of the plants based on the soil resource information exclusively, and I discuss how this alternative perspective carries important implications for the design of experiments investigating the physiological mechanisms underlying observable plant root responses.
Success Factors for Humanitarian Access: Quantitative Case Studies of ICRC Visits to Detainees
Authors: Futsuki Kouta , Sekiyama Takashi
Published: August 2022

The importance of humanitarian access has been widely recognized by practitioners and scholars. Nevertheless, the factors behind its success have been not yet fully clear. This study, therefore, conducted a quantitative analysis of the International Committee of the Red Cross's (ICRC) access to detainees' visits to elucidate the success factors of humanitarian access. It analyzed a government's attributes that grant the ICRC access and engagements to soften the government's refusal of its access. The results revealed the following findings: (1) a government's capacity is required to an extent to keep public services in armed conflict; (2) material incentive (MI) in a government is working, and the ICRC assistance for civilians is effective; (3) conceptual incentive (CI) to seek the international legitimacy is irrelevant; (4) conceptual disincentive (CD) to avoid disclosure of the government's violation of humanitarian norms is working, and a high-level meeting with the ICRC is less likely to lessen the government's concern. These findings supplement insights of previous research on general humanitarian access in a quantitative way, implying the possibilities and the limits of humanitarian agency's engagements. Further research on various types of humanitarian success can clarify its success factors in a more specific way.
Young people's climate activism: A review of the literature
Authors: Neas Sally , Ward Ann , Bowman Benjamin
Published: August 2022

The year 2018 was a watershed year for young people's climate activism. In this review article, we explore the methodological trends and key themes across contemporary academic literature on young people's climate activism. In the academic literature, following an initial wave of survey-based research of young people and textual analysis of secondary data like media reportage, the field is experiencing a second wave of qualitative research and a resurgence of emphasis on youth voice in research. Accordingly, we identify the strengths of the existing literature in its exploration of key themes including the composition, practices and outcomes of young people's climate activism, and the ways young people understand and act on climate change. We identify several gaps in the literature that arise from a disproportionate focus on research topics, and especially a disproportionate focus on activism in the global North and in wealthy and White communities, a focus on mass mobilizations, and an intensive interest in the individual activist Greta Thunberg. Our analysis leads to recommendations for future research based on three conceptual challenges. We argue that future research must respond to these challenges: first, the limited and constraining social constructions of “youth” as a category; second, the practical challenges of working with young people, not least in relationships of consent; and third, the need to respond to adultism in research practices and to develop youth-centered approaches to the activism of young people. This review article intends to contribute to a step change in theory and methods for the study of young people's climate activism.
Psychedelic integration: An analysis of the concept and its practice
Authors: Bathje Geoff J. , Majeski Eric , Kudowor Mesphina
Published: August 2022

The concept of integration has garnered increased attention in the past few years, despite a long history of only brief mention. Integration services are offered by therapists, coaches, and other practitioners, or may be self-guided. There are many definitions of psychedelic integration, and the term encompasses a range of practices and techniques. This seems to have led to confusion about what integration is and how it is best practiced. The primary focus of this manuscript is the presentation of the first extensive review and concept analysis of definitions, practices, and models of psychedelic integration. We provide a synthesized definition of integration, synthesized model of integration, and comprehensive summary of integration practices to bring clarity to the subject.
Trust me! Parental embodied mentalizing predicts infant cognitive and language development in longitudinal follow-up
Authors: Shai Dana , Laor Black Adi , Spencer Rose , Sleed Michelle , Baradon Tessa , Nolte Tobias , Fonagy Peter
Published: August 2022

Children’s cognitive and language development is a central aspect of human development and has wide and long-standing impact. The parent-infant relationship is the chief arena for the infant to learn about the world. Studies reveal associations between quality of parental care and children’s cognitive and language development when the former is measured as maternal sensitivity. Nonetheless, the extent to which parental mentalizing – a parent’s understanding of the thoughts, feelings, and attitudes of a child, and presumed to underlie sensitivity – contributes to children’s cognitive development and functioning, has yet to be thoroughly investigated. According to the epistemic trust theory, high mentalizing parents often use ostensive cues, which signal to the infant that they are perceived and treated as unique subjective beings. By doing so, parents foster epistemic trust in their infants, allowing the infant to use the parents a reliable source of knowledge to learn from. Until recently, parental mentalizing has been limited to verbal approaches and measurement. This is a substantial limitation of the construct as we know that understanding of intentionality is both non-verbal and verbal. In this investigation we employed both verbal and non-verbal, body-based, approaches to parental mentalizing, to examine whether parental mentalizing in a clinical sample predicts children’s cognitive and language development 12 months later. Findings from a longitudinal intervention study of 39 mothers and their infants revealed that parental embodied mentalizing in infancy significantly predicted language development 12 months later and marginally predicted child cognitive development. Importantly, PEM explained unique variance in the child’s cognitive and linguistic capacities over and above maternal emotional availability, child interactive behavior, parental reflective functioning, depression, ethnicity, education, marital status, and number of other children. The theoretical, empirical, and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Assessing quality of life among elementary school students: Validation of the Korean version of the Meaning in Life in Children Questionnaire
Authors: Choi Younyoung , Shin Joo Yeon
Published: August 2022

Meaning in life (MIL) has been widely recognized as a hallmark of psychological well-being and positive youth development. The goal of this study was to validate the Korean version of the Meaning in Life in Children Questionnaire (K-MIL-CQ) utilizing the framework suggested by the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Data were obtained from 277 fifth graders aged 10–11 in three elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi through a paper-and-pencil survey (55.2% boys). We translated the MIL-CQ, a 21-item self-report measure developed based on Frankl’s “meaning triangle,” into Korean. Psychological well-being measures were also assessed. Validity and reliability data were collected. (1) The content of domains and items was appropriate for measuring MIL among children. (2) A three-factor model consisting of attitude, creativity, and experience pathways was extracted via exploratory factor analysis, and a three-factor hierarchical model including attitude, creativity, and experience as first-order factors and MIL as a second-order factor was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis. (3) Higher levels of MIL were related to higher levels of satisfaction with life, self-esteem, positive affectivity, and lower levels of negative affectivity. (4) All item fit statistics were acceptable based on the Rasch model. (5) The analysis of the measurement invariance of each item showed that the responses to one item varied by gender, suggesting that additional items might facilitate better measurement of MIL in children. This study provides validity and reliability evidence that K-MIL-CQ is appropriate for measuring MIL among South Korean elementary school students.
Athlete students lead a healthier life than their non-athlete peers: A cross-sectional study of health behaviors, depression, and perceived health status among university students
Authors: Zhou Huixuan , Zhang Yufei , Han Xueyan , Dai Xiaotong , Lou Litian , Hou Xiao , Zhou Chan , Liu Zeting , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2022

Some studies show that athlete students are more likely to engage in health-risk behaviors with negative health consequences, while others suggest that they lead a healthier life than their non-athlete peers. Given these inconsistent results, this study aims to compare health behaviors, depression, and perceived health status between athlete and non-athlete students, and explore the associations between health behaviors and health outcomes. An online questionnaire survey including Heath Habits Scale for five health-risk behaviors and five health-promoting behaviors, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and 5-point scale for perceived health status was conducted in Beijing Sports University in March 2021. Data from 372 athlete students and 252 non-athlete students aging from 18 to 22 were included in this study. Chi-squared tests and t-tests were used to determine differences between athlete and non-athlete samples, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of health behaviors with depression and perceived health status. The significance level was p < 0.05. The results show that compared with non-athlete students, athlete students perform better in health habits (10.01 vs. 8.27), report lower proportion of depression (44.6% vs. 54.4%) and higher proportion of good health (77.2% vs. 55.6%). Health behaviors, such as getting adequate sleeping, participating in vigorous physical activity, overeating, and smoking, were significantly associated with health outcomes of athlete students. The findings may contribute to the better understanding of health behaviors in athlete students and warrant continued attention on mental health and health habits in this population.
Workload is associated with the occurrence of non-contact injuries in professional male soccer players: A pilot study
Authors: Nobari Hadi , Khalili Sara Mahmoudzadeh , Zamorano Angel Denche , Bowman Thomas G. , Granacher Urs
Published: August 2022

Injuries in professional soccer are a significant concern for teams, and they are caused amongst others by high training load. This cohort study describes the relationship between workload parameters and the occurrence of non-contact injuries, during weeks with high and low workload in professional soccer players throughout the season. Twenty-one professional soccer players aged 28.3 ± 3.9 yrs. who competed in the Iranian Persian Gulf Pro League participated in this 48-week study. The external load was monitored using global positioning system (GPS, GPSPORTS Systems Pty Ltd) and the type of injury was documented daily by the team's medical staff. Odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated for non-contact injuries for high- and low-load weeks according to acute (AW), chronic (CW), acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR), and AW variation (Δ-Acute) values. By using Poisson distribution, the interval between previous and new injuries were estimated. Overall, 12 non-contact injuries occurred during high load and 9 during low load weeks. Based on the variables ACWR and Δ-AW, there was a significantly increased risk of sustaining non-contact injuries (p < 0.05) during high-load weeks for ACWR (OR: 4.67), and Δ-AW (OR: 4.07). Finally, the expected time between injuries was significantly shorter in high load weeks for ACWR [1.25 vs. 3.33, rate ratio time (RRT)] and Δ-AW (1.33 vs. 3.45, RRT) respectively, compared to low load weeks. The risk of sustaining injuries was significantly larger during high workload weeks for ACWR, and Δ-AW compared with low workload weeks. The observed high OR in high load weeks indicate that there is a significant relationship between workload and occurrence of non-contact injuries. The predicted time to new injuries is shorter in high load weeks compared to low load weeks. Therefore, the frequency of injuries is higher during high load weeks for ACWR and Δ-AW. ACWR and Δ-AW appear to be good indicators for estimating the injury risk, and the time interval between injuries.
Give Up Flights? Psychological Predictors of Intentions and Policy Support to Reduce Air Travel
Authors: Berneiser Jessica M. , Becker Annalena C. , Loy Laura S.
Published: August 2022

Concerted, timely action for mitigating climate change is of uttermost importance to keep global warming as close to 1.5°C as possible. Air traffic already plays a strong role in driving climate change and is projected to grow—with only limited technical potential for decarbonizing this means of transport. Therefore, it is desirable to minimize the expansion of air traffic or even facilitate a reduction in affluent countries. Effective policies and behavioral change, especially among frequent flyers, can help to lower greenhouse gas emissions. For both, a positive evaluation and public support is indispensable. This study contributes to understanding air travel behavior and the perception of regulative policies. We examined the role of attitudes, perceived behavioral control, efficacy, global identity, and justice concerns for intentions to avoid flights and aviation-related environmental policy support. We conducted an online survey study with a quota sample of N = 2,530 participants in Germany. The strongest positive predictors of intentions to refrain from flying and policy support were perceived behavioral control to travel without flying, efficacy beliefs that avoiding air travel contributes to climate change mitigation, and intergenerational justice concerns; pro-travel attitude was a negative predictor. Moreover, we tested whether the provision of additional information on climate impact, global and intranational inequalities as well as subsidies (implying intranational inequality) affected the intention to avoid air travel and policy support. We found no effects of the different types of information. Nor did we find an interaction between the type of information provided and global or national identity. Our results highlight the need for a shift within the mobility sector that facilitates attractive and accessible transport alternatives in order to strengthen people’s behavioral control to choose other means than planes and their efficacy perceptions. Moreover, raising awareness of the impacts of climate change on future generations and developing strategies to promote people’s concern for intergenerational justice might motivate people to reduce air travel and thereby contribute to a livable future for new generations.
Research on the Impact of Outlets’ Experience Marketing and Customer Perceived Value on Tourism Consumption Satisfaction and Loyalty
Authors: Dai Jingyu , Zhao Liang , Wang Qiang , Zeng Hailiang
Published: August 2022

The research object of this subject, through cooperation with Shanghai International Fashion Education Center, a fashion travel education institution, is a convenient sample for the members of its “Japan Fashion Travel Project,” using quantitative research methods and research tools for questionnaires. From the perspective of tourist shopping experience marketing, this paper studies the relationship among tourist marketing, value perception, shopping satisfaction, and customer loyalty to outlets, and discusses the recommendations for sustainable development of outlets.
Attention impairment in patients with cervical dystonia: An attention network test study
Authors: Xia Kun , Han Yongsheng , Zhou Lanlan , Hu Sheng , Rao Rao , Shan Shu , Hua Lei
Published: August 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate attentional network functional characteristics in patients with cervical dystonia (CD).

Methods

A total of 29 patients with CD and 26 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All subjects participated in the study and underwent the Attention Network Test (ANT), which evaluated the efficiencies of three independent attention networks (alerting, orienting, and executive control), as well as reaction time (RT) and accuracy.

Results

Significant differences between CD patients (9.86 ± 27.95 ms) and HCs (33.62 ± 23.41 ms) were observed in the alerting network (t = −3.40, p < 0.05). In contrast, the orienting network (t = 0.26, p = 0.79), executive control network (Z = −0.55, p = 0.58), total mean reaction time (t = −2.6, p = 0.79), and total accuracy rate (Z = −1.67, p = 0.09) showed no significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion

Patients with CD showed a significant deficit in the alerting network. However, they did not show any deficits in the orienting or executive control network. In addition, the alerting, orienting, and executive control network functions of CD patients were all affected by the severity of torticollis, especially the alerting network function.
The impact of distress disclosure and anxiety on the association between social support and quality of life among Chinese women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Gao Rui-Chen , Wu Li , Shi Pei-Li , Sang Ni , Hao Min , Wu Guo-Cui
Published: August 2022

The evidence on the relationship between social support and quality of life in female systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is complex. The purpose of this study was to explore the impacts of distress disclosure and anxiety on the association between social support and quality of life among Chinese women with SLE. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 237 samples were obtained. Measures included demographic characteristics, Lupus Quality of Life (LupusQoL), social support rate scale (SSRS), distress disclosure index (DDI), and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and moderated mediating effect analysis were carried out. The LupusQoL was negatively correlated with age, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), DDI, and SAS. SSRS had a positive predictive effect on the LupusQoL, while SLEDAI and DDI had the opposite effect. SAS had a negative predictive effect on the LupusQoL. There were interactive effects of SAS and DDI on LupusQoL. In the moderated mediation model, SAS played moderating effect in the role of DDI on LupusQoL; the DDI of female patients with SLE played a partial mediator role, the mediation effect was 0.19, and the mediation effect ratio was 33.3%. In conclusion, to pay attention to the QOL, we should consider the mediator role of distress disclosure and the moderating role of anxiety.
Challenges in postnatal care provision in Ethiopia
Authors: Bala Elias Teferi , Roets Lizeth
Published: August 2022

Background

Most maternal deaths occur during the first 48 h after delivery; thus, a critical time for monitoring possible complications arising from the delivery. Quality postnatal care can contribute to a decrease in maternal mortality and morbidity rates. Despite the importance of postnatal care, it is generally a neglected aspect of maternal and child health services in most developing countries, including Ethiopia.

Objectives

The objective of the study was to describe the challenges experienced by postnatal care providers and coordinators in providing postnatal care in the Ethiopian context.

Methods

A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted and data were gathered from 422 postnatal care providers and coordinators during November 2018. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents and the data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire. The data were cleaned, coded and entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. Open-ended questions for qualitative enhancement were open-coded and thematically analyzed.

Results

The findings revealed a lack of physical resources; infrastructure problems; cultural concerns; inadequate capacity building; inaccessibility of health services; unavailability of guidelines; a lack of communication with healthcare users and poor monitoring and evaluation as challenges.

Conclusion

To improve postnatal care in Ethiopia and, ultimately, mother and child health, the challenges experienced by postnatal care providers and coordinators have to be dealt with. A strategic action plan with the active involvement of all stakeholders must be developed and implemented to deal with the challenges and improve postnatal care.
Identification of biomarkers and the mechanisms of multiple trauma complicated with sepsis using metabolomics
Authors: Feng Ke , Dai Wenjie , Liu Ling , Li Shengming , Gou Yi , Chen Zhongwei , Chen Guodong , Fu Xufeng
Published: August 2022

Sepsis after trauma increases the risk of mortality rate for patients in intensive care unit (ICUs). Currently, it is difficult to predict outcomes in individual patients with sepsis due to the complexity of causative pathogens and the lack of specific treatment. This study aimed to identify metabolomic biomarkers in patients with multiple trauma and those with multiple trauma accompanied with sepsis. Therefore, the metabolic profiles of healthy persons designated as normal controls (NC), multiple trauma patients (MT), and multiple trauma complicated with sepsis (MTS) (30 cases in each group) were analyzed with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based untargeted plasma metabolomics using collected plasma samples. The differential metabolites were enriched in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycometabolism and nucleotide metabolism. Then, nine potential biomarkers, namely, acrylic acid, 5-amino-3-oxohexanoate, 3b-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid, cytidine, succinic acid semialdehyde, PE [P-18:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)], sphinganine, uracil, and uridine, were found to be correlated with clinical variables and validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, the three potential biomarkers succinic acid semialdehyde, uracil and uridine were validated and can be applied in the clinical diagnosis of multiple traumas complicated with sepsis.
Hearing thresholds elevation and potential association with emotional problems among 1,914 children in Beijing, China
Authors: Xiao Huidi , Amaerjiang Nubiya , Wang Weiwei , Li Menglong , Zunong Jiawulan , En Hui , Zhao Xuelei , Wen Cheng , Yu Yiding , Huang Lihui , Hu Yifei
Published: August 2022

Objectives

School-aged children may experience hearing loss and emotional problems. Previous studies have shown a bidirectional relationship between hearing loss and emotional problems in the elderly population, and we aimed to analyze the association between hearing thresholds and emotional problems in school-aged children.

Methods

Based on the Beijing Child Growth and Health Cohort (PROC) study, the hearing screenings were conducted in November 2019 using pure tone audiometry. A total of 1,877 parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess children's emotional and behavioral status. We used generalized linear regression analysis to assess the potential association of emotional problems with hearing thresholds, based on multiple imputed datasets with a sample size of 1,914.

Results

The overall pass rate of hearing screening was 91.5%. The abnormal rate of SDQ total difficulties was 55.8%. Emotional symptoms were positively associated with left ear average hearing thresholds (β = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.08–0.40), and right ear average hearing thresholds (β = 0.18, 95%CI: 0.04–0.32). Conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems, and prosocial behaviors had no association with the pass rate of the hearing screening. Regarding emotional symptoms, boys with many fears and who are easily scared coincided with increased right ear average hearing thresholds (β = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.01–1.33). Girls having many worries, frequently feeling unhappy and downhearted were positively associated with left and right ear average hearing thresholds, respectively (β = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.20–1.73; β = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.07–1.37).

Conclusions

The co-occurrence of hearing problems and emotional problems of children aged 6–8 in Beijing attracts attention. It is important to address undiscovered hearing loss and emotional problems from the perspective of comorbidity driving factors.
Effects of traditional Chinese exercises on mental health in individuals with drug rehabilitee: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Lu Shenghua
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The intent of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of Traditional Chinese Exercise (TCE) on mental health and drug cravings in drug rehabilitees.

Methods

Six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycArticles, and CNKI) were searched to identify the potential literature from inception to March 2022. The controlled studies with a pro-posttest design that investigated the effects of TCE on mental health (depression, anxiety, drug craving, and sleep quality) were included. The effect sizes were calculated using the random-effect models with a 95% confidence interval. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was employed to evaluate study quality.

Results

A total of 10 studies (740 participants, mean age 35 years old) were included in this study. The pooled results showed that TCE produced significant improvements in depression (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.02, p < 0.01), anxiety (SMD = 0.98, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.53, p < 0.01), and drug craving (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.21, p < 0.01) compared to the control group. The subgroup analysis results showed that TCE resulted in significant improvements in depression compared to active intervention (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.60) or passive intervention (SMD = 1.07, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.74). A significant improvement in depression was observed in both male and female drug rehabilitee (p < 0.05). Moreover, Tai Chi (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.18) or Qigong (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.74) exercise, 3–4 times per week (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.74) or ≥5 times (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.66), >45 min (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.15) or ≤ 45 min (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.27), and for a duration of 12 weeks (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.54) produced significant improvement in depression.

Conclusion

This current study suggests that TCE (Tai Chi, Qigong) may have benefits in alleviating depression, anxiety, and drug cravings in drug rehabilitees. Further studies are required to verify our results through the implementation of well-designed experimental protocols.
Where are Brazil's marine litter scientific data?
Authors: Ramos Bruna de , Lima Tábata Martins de , Costa Monica Ferreira da
Published: August 2022

The environmental sciences work with datasets every day. Recently, data sharing has become a more familiar activity for academic researchers. Records of marine litter are scarce and generally difficult to find worldwide, especially in databases. This work reviews and analyzes data repositories to identify the existence of datasets related to marine litter in Brazil. Only one global repository specializing in marine litter was found, and it is in the early stages of operation. Only two datasets about marine litter in Brazil were found in the generalist repository Figshare that do not follow all the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) for data sharing. A few initiatives are being developed aiming to collect and share marine litter data, but only one of them (Our Blue Hands) is already in place and uses a standardized, replicable method, and aims to share the data by design. Our work identified interoperability as the main point to be tackled within our context. In the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030), it is essential that repositories are created, improved, and encouraged to address the specific needs of marine litter data-sharing and researchers' behavioral shift to start sharing the data already collected. Data sharing not only allows for the integrated vision of the academic community but can also contribute to public policies, helping decision-makers and encouraging a more sustainable science regarding financial and natural resource use.
Spatial, temporal and technical variability in the diversity of prokaryotes and fungi in agricultural soils
Authors: Jeanne Thomas , D’Astous-Pagé Joël , Hogue Richard
Published: August 2022

Several studies have shown that Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing can be used to measure the diversity of prokaryotes and fungal communities that provide ecosystem functions in agricultural soils. Pedoclimatic properties of soils, together with cropping systems and agricultural management practices, are major drivers of soil microbiome diversity. Their effects must be quantified and compared to technical variability to improve the relevance of observed effects and the indicators that may result from them. This study was conducted: 1) To assess the effects of three sources of technical variability on the soil prokaryotes and fungal diversity; 2) To identify a source of technical variability that can be used as a threshold to better assess crop management effects; 3) To evaluate the effects of spatial and temporal variability compare to a technical threshold in three crop management contexts, potato, corn/soybean and grassland. Technical variability was evaluated in a basis of sampling, soil DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing source of variability. Spatial variability was evaluated using composite bulk soil cores at four sampling points covering 2500 m² per field. Geolocated soils were also collected on three sampling dates during the growing season to evaluate temporal variability. A technical variability threshold was determined for the soil DNA extraction variability with a delta of Shannon index of 0.142 and 0.390 and a weighted UniFrac distance of 0.081 and 0.364 for prokaryotes and fungi, respectively. We observed that technical variability was consistently similar or lower than the spatial and temporal variabilities in each of the microbial communities. Observed variability was greater for the diversity of fungi and the crop system has a strong effect on temporal and spatial variability.
Foresighting future climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture in vietnam
Authors: Tran Nhuong , Chan Chin Yee , Aung Yee Mon , Bailey Conner , Akester Michael , Cao Quyen Le , Trinh Tu Quang , Hoang Cuong Van , Sulser Timothy B. , Wiebe Keith
Published: August 2022

The Vietnamese fisheries sector, including both marine fisheries and aquaculture, has made spectacular progress in recent years, becoming one of the top seafood producing and exporting countries in the world. Looking forward, development goals of this sector must address challenges associated with climate change, including changing distribution of commercially important marine species such as tuna and disruptions to land-based aquaculture production systems. This study investigates the prospective climate change impacts on Vietnam's fisheries sector, focusing on four key commodities including capture fisheries (tuna), freshwater aquaculture (pangasius catfish and tilapia), and brackish water aquaculture (shrimp). The extent of impact varies, but climate change represents a potentially significant threat to sustainable production in each production system. Producers, policy makers, and other stakeholders need to plan for and adapt to climate change to ensure the sustainable development of Vietnam's fisheries sector.
Using animal history to inform current debates in gene editing farm animals: A systematic review
Authors: Wright Will , Tworek Heidi J. S. , von Keyserlingk Marina A. G. , Koralesky Katherine E. , Weary Daniel M.
Published: August 2022

There is growing interest in gene editing farm animals. Some alterations could benefit animal welfare (e.g., improved heat tolerance in cattle with the “slick” gene), the environment (e.g., reducing methane emissions from cattle with induced pluripotent stem cells), and productivity (e.g., higher weight gains in cattle with the “double muscling” gene). Existing scholarship on the acceptability of such modifications has used myriad approaches to identify societal factors that shape the ethics and governance of this technology. We argue that integrating historical approaches—particularly from the relatively new and burgeoning field of animal history—offers a form of “anticipatory knowledge” that can help guide discussions on this topic. We conducted a systematic review of the animal history literature in English, German, and Spanish to identify the influence of political, scientific, economic, social, and cultural factors on the development and acceptance of such technologies. We identified analogous structures and fault lines in past debates about farm animals that provide insights for contemporary discussions about gene editing. Those analogous structures include the market power of meatpackers or the racialized precepts in livestock breeding, and fault lines, like the disconnect between states and citizens over the direction of food systems. Highlighting these similarities demonstrates how external forces have shaped—and will continue to shape—the acceptance or rejection of emerging biotechnologies as applied to farm animals.
Case Report: Microscope-assisted surgery of C7 nerve root cyst with neurological symptoms
Authors: Hao Shenshen , Li Hongke , Liu Shuai , Guo Yating , Chen Honglei , Zhang Zhifang , Dong Shengli
Published: August 2022

Background

Cervical nerve root cysts are rare and easily missed or misdiagnosed in clinical practice. Although conventional surgery is effective for cervical nerve root cysts, it is limited by the small surgical field of view and operating range, relatively difficult procedure, and incomplete cyst resection. Microscope-assisted magnification of the surgical field of vision reduces the difficulty and ensures complete cyst resection.

Case presentation

A 58-year-old male patient was diagnosed with a cervical nerve root sleeve cyst on the right C7 vertebra with neurological symptoms. Microscope-assisted surgery was used as treatment. The cyst was completely removed by the microscope-assisted surgery, with satisfactory patient recovery. The surgery did not produce complications, such as spinal cord neurovascular injury, and the patient's symptoms disappeared quickly after surgery. During the 2-year follow-up, there was no complication and no recurrence.

Conclusion

Microscope-assisted surgery in treatment of the C7 nerve root cyst could achieve a complete resection.
Genetic characterization of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae responsible for acute death in captive marmosets
Authors: Pinpimai Komkiew , Banlunara Wijit , Roe Wendi D. , Dittmer Keren , Biggs Patrick J. , Tantilertcharoen Rachod , Chankow Katriya , Bunpapong Napawan , Boonkam Pongthai , Pirarat Nopadon
Published: August 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium implicated as the causative pathogen in several medical health issues with different strains causing different pathologies including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis and infections from wounds or surgery. In this study, four captive African marmosets housed in Thailand were found dead. Necropsy and histology revealed congestion of hearts, kidneys and adrenal glands. Twenty-four bacterial isolates were obtained from these four animals with all isolates yielding identical phenotypes indicative of K. pneumoniae based on classical identification schema. All the isolates show the susceptibility to amikacin, cephalexin, doxycycline, gentamicin, and enrofloxacin with intermediate susceptibility to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid. One isolate (20P167W) was chosen for genome analysis and determined to belong to sequence type 65 (ST65). The genome of 20P167W possessed multiple virulence genes including mrk gene cluster and iro and iuc gene cluster (salmochelin and aerobactin, respectively) as well as multiple antibiotic resistance genes including blaSHV−67, blaSHV−11, oqxA, oqxB, and fosA genes resembling those found in human isolates; this isolate has a close genetic relationship with isolates from humans in Ireland, but not from Thailand and California sea lions. Phylogenetic studies using SNP show that there was no relation between genetic and geographic distributions of all known strains typing ST65, suggesting that ST65 strains may spread worldwide through multiple international transmission events rather than by local expansions in humans and/or animals. We also predict that K. pneumoniae ST65 has an ability to acquire genetic mobile element from other bacteria, which would allow Klebsiella to become an even greater public health concern.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Workplace Violence Against Emergency Department Nurses in China
Authors: Lei Zihui , Yan Shijiao , Jiang Heng , Feng Jing , Han Shuyang , Herath Chulani , Shen Xin , Min Rui , Lv Chuanzhu , Gan Yong
Published: August 2022

Objectives: We aim to find out the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of workplace violence (WPV) against current Chinese emergency department (ED) nurses.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 20,136 ED nurses was conducted in 31 provinces in China between July and September 2019. Descriptive analyses were used to examine the prevalence and characteristics of WPV. Chi-square analysis and Binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the predictors of WPV.

Results: During the past 12 months, there are 79.39% of ED nurses exposed to any type of WPV, including 78.38% and 39.65% exposed to nonphysical and physical violence, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis shows that ED nurses who were male, had bachelor’s degrees, had average monthly salary between 5,001 and 12,000, worked in central China, had higher professional titles, were more experienced, arranging shift work, and had higher work stress were more likely to experience WPV.

Conclusion: A relatively high prevalence of WPV against Chinese ED nurses has been revealed in this study. The characteristics and predictors of WPV remind us to take positive measures to reduce WPV.
Drawing on Adolescent Psychology to Achieve Tobacco-Free Generations
Authors: Berrick Jon
Published: August 2022

Background: In 2021, the European Union called for creation of a “tobacco-free generation.” We consider the means to this end. The persistence of youthful noncompliance with current minimum age laws (leading to widespread subsequent addiction, morbidity and mortality) raises questions whether such laws are truly aligned with adolescent psychology.

Evidence: The ubiquity of minimum-age laws limits direct evidence of their effectiveness, so we seek indirect evidence. Qualitative findings originally intended for tobacco manufacturers indicate counterproductive aspects of minimum-age laws. Further evidence about adolescent reactions is provided by a recent review and meta-analysis of greater youth defiance of under-age laws than whole-of-life laws in the domain of motorcycle helmets.

Policy Options and Recommendations: As an alternative to minimum-age laws, we consider the Tobacco-Free Generation proposal (TFG), which phases out sales on an age cohort basis and has recently gained prominence.

Conclusion: The Tobacco-Free Generation proposal (TFG) seems well aligned with adolescent psychology, and is therefore especially worthy of attention. It has recently been introduced or endorsed by a number of jurisdictions, both local and national.
Cancer-Associated Stromal Fibroblast-Derived Transcriptomes Predict Poor Clinical Outcomes and Immunosuppression in Colon Cancer
Authors: Wang Jie , Akter Rehana , Shahriar Md. Fahim , Uddin Md. Nazim
Published: August 2022

Background: Previous studies revealed that colonic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are associated with the modulation of the colon tumor microenvironment (TME). However, identification of key transcriptomes and their correlations with the survival prognosis, immunosuppression, tumor progression, and metastasis in colon cancer remains lacking.

Methods: We used the GSE46824, GSE70468, GSE17536, GSE35602, and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) datasets for this study. We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, hub genes, and survival-associated genes in colon cancer. Finally, we investigated the correlation of key genes with the survival prognosis, immunosuppression, and metastasis.

Results: We identified 246 common DEGs between the GSE46824 and GSE70468 datasets of colonic CAFs, which included 72 upregulated and 174 downregulated genes. The upregulated pathways are mainly involved with cancers and cellular signaling, and downregulated pathways are involved with immune regulation and cellular metabolism. The search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING)-based analysis identified 15 hub genes and 9 significant clusters in colonic CAFs. The upregulation of CTHRC1, PDGFC, PDLIM3, NTM, and SLC16A3 and downregulation of FBN2 are correlated with a shorter survival time in colon cancer. The CTHRC1, PDGFC, PDLIM3, and NTM genes are positively correlated with the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), macrophages, M2 macrophages, the regulatory T cells (Tregs), T cell exhaustion, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), indicating the immunosuppressive roles of these transcriptomes in colon cancer. Moreover, the CTHRC1, PDGFC, PDLIM3, NTM, and SLC16A3 genes are gradually increased from normal tissue to the tumor and tumor to the metastatic tumor, and FBN2 showed the reverse pattern. Furthermore, the CTHRC1, FBN2, PDGFC, PDLIM3, and NTM genes are positively correlated with the metastatic scores in colon cancer. Then, we revealed that the expression value of CTHRC1, FBN2, PDGFC, PDLIM3, NTM, and SLC16A3 showed the diagnostic efficacy in colonic CAFs. Finally, the expression level of CTHRC1, PDGFC, and NTM genes are consistently altered in colon tumor stroma as well as in the higher CAFs-group of TCGA COAD patients.

Conclusion: The identified colonic CAFs-derived key genes are positively correlated with survival prognosis, immunosuppression, tumor progression, and metastasis.