bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrumental and ethical aspects of experimental research with animal models
Authors: Watanabe Mirian , Fonseca Cassiane Dezoti da , Vattimo Maria de Fatima Fernandes
Published: March 2014

Experimental animal models offer possibilities of physiology knowledge, pathogenesis of disease and action of drugs that are directly related to quality nursing care. This integrative review describes the current state of the instrumental and ethical aspects of experimental research with animal models, including the main recommendations of ethics committees that focus on animal welfare and raises questions about the impact of their findings in nursing care. Data show that, in Brazil, the progress in ethics for the use of animals for scientific purposes was consolidated with Law No. 11.794/2008 establishing ethical procedures, attending health, genetic and experimental parameters. The application of ethics in handling of animals for scientific and educational purposes and obtaining consistent and quality data brings unquestionable contributions to the nurse, as they offer subsidies to relate pathophysiological mechanisms and the clinical aspect on the patient.
Caracterização de Organossolos em ambientes de várzea do nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Cipriano-Silva Rafael , Valladares Gustavo Souza , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Anjos Lúcia Helena Cunha dos
Published: April 2014

Os Organossolos são geralmente associados às regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, e são poucos os estudos sobre a ocorrência e os efeitos do uso e manejo agrícola desses solos na região Nordeste. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar física, química e morfologicamente seis perfis de Organossolos de várzeas dos Estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte e da Paraíba e correlacionar seus atributos ao ambiente de formação, além de quantificar seus estoques de carbono e suas capacidades de armazenamento de água. Foram utilizados os métodos recomendados no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos (SiBCS) para caracterizar química e fisicamente o solo, bem como a umidade e o volume residual dele. O aumento dos valores da Ds nos horizontes foi em decorrência da maior decomposição das fibras esfregadas (FE) e da redução dos teores de matéria orgânica. O volume residual apresentou correlações positiva e significativa a 5 % com o valor de resíduo mínimo (r = 0,64) e Ds (r = 0,74) e negativa com a porcentagem de FE (r = -0,75), podendo ser usado para avaliar a subsidência desses solos. As propriedades químicas foram influenciadas pelo material orgânico e pelos sedimentos fluviomarinhos. A variação da drenagem influenciada pela posição no relevo e pelo uso agrícola dos solos conduziu a classes de diferentes graus de decomposição da matéria orgânica e com isto às classes dos Organossolos Fíbrico, Hêmico e Sáprico. Um dos perfis CE1, com maior influência de sedimentos marinhos, foi classificado como Organossolo Tiomórfico com caráter solódico.
Influence of field slope and coffee plantation age on the physical properties of a red-yellow Latosol
Authors: Iori Piero , Dias Junior Moacir de Souza , Ajayi Ayodele Ebenezer , Guimarães Paulo Tácito Gontijo , Abreu Júnior Áureo Aparecido
Published: April 2014

In modern agriculture, several factors cause changes in the soil physical properties. The time of establishment of a crop (plantation age) and the slope are examples of factors that moderate the impact of mechanized operations on the soil structure. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of machinery traffic on the physical properties of a Red-Yellow Latosol under coffee plantations with different ages (2, 7, 18, and 33 years) and slope positions (3, 9 and 15 %). Samples were collected from three positions between coffee rows (lower wheel track, inter-row and upper wheel track) and at two depths (surface layer and sub-surface). Changes in the total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, organic matter, bulk density, and aggregate stability were investigated. Our results showed that the slope influenced the organic matter content, microporosity and aggregate stability. The soil samples under the inter-row were minimally damaged in their structure, compared to those from under the lower and upper wheel track, while the structure was better preserved under the lower than the upper track. The time since the establishment of the crop, i.e., the plantation age, was the main factor determining the extent of structural degradation in the coffee plantation.
Respiration rate and its effect on mass loss and chemical qualities of 'Fuyu' persimmon fruit stored in controlled atmosphere
Authors: Brackmann Auri , Thewes Fabio Rodrigo , Anese Rogério de Oliveira , Both Vanderlei , Gasperin Adriano Roque de
Published: April 2014

The objective of this research was evaluate the effect of two CO2 partial pressures in ultra-low oxygen on the mass loss in function of respiration, oxygen consumption, respiratory rate and other characteristics of 'Fuyu' persimmon during 12 weeks in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at temperature of -0,5°C. For thus, one experiment was carried out with the followed CA condition: [1] 0.15 kPa O2 plus 2.0 kPa CO2 and [2] 0.15 kPa O2 plus 6.0 kPa CO2. On this study was verified that the respiration (carbon dioxide production) was responsible for 24% of total mass loss. The total mass loss is significantly affected by the controlled atmosphere storage. The 2.0 kPa CO2 promotes changes in the respiratory quotient during the storage period and keep higher mass loss in function of respiration (CO2 losses) and lower soluble solids after storage.
First record of the freshwater copepod Eucyclops titicacae Kiefer, 1957, new rank (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) in Colombia
Authors: Fuentes-Reinés Juan Manuel , Suárez-Morales Eduardo
Published: March 2014

The freshwater cyclopoid copepod Eucyclops titicacaeKiefer, 1957, new rank, was previously known as a subspecies of E. neumani (Pesta, 1927). Hitherto, it was recorded only from Lake Titicaca in Peru and Lake Valencia in Venezuela. This species is here recorded from Laguna Navío Quebrado, La Guajira, northern Colombia. This is the first record of E. titicacae in Colombia and the third locality in which this species has been reported from. We provide comparative data on the morphology of this copepod. The Colombian specimens have the combination of diagnostic features of E. neumani titicacae as reported in both the original description and subsequent taxonomical accounts, including: 1) spinules on caudal rami not reaching halfway the outer margin; 2) caudal rami length/width ratio= 6.0; 3) length/width ratio of third endopodal segment of fourth leg=1.66; 4) inner spine of fifth leg being shorter than the two adjacent setae. The consistent morphologic differences and the isolation of E. neumani titicacae with respect to E. neumani neumani, each related to a different biogeographic subregion in South America, support the notion that these are two separate species, E. neumani and E. titicacae. Considering this interesting addition, the number of species of Eucyclops known from Colombia increases to 8; a key for the identification of these species is also provided.
Aquatic oligochaetes associated with bryophytes in an Atlantic Forest stream
Authors: Rodrigues Luciana Falci Theza , Santana Lucas Deziderio , Alves Roberto da Gama
Published: March 2014

There are few reports in the literature about the colonization of benthic macroinvertebrates on bryophytes. The aim of the present study was to analyzed the oligochaetes established on bryophytes adhered to stones in a first-order stream. The collections were carried out in an Atlantic Forest fragment area during the dry and rainy seasons. We identified 15 taxa from a total of 422 oligochaetes specimens, of which the most abundant were Pristina sp.1, Enchytraeidae and Pristina jenkinae. Unlike other habitats, where the abundance of macroinvertebrates tends to be greater in the dry season, we did not find any significant differences in the abundance, richness, composition and diversity between the two periods. The results of this study indicate that bryophytes are possible areas of refuge for oligochaetes in periods of faster water flow.
Suppression of Cellular Immune Response in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae by Endophytic Fungi Nigrospora oryzae and Cladosporium uredinicola
Authors: Thakur Abhinay , Singh Varinder , Kaur Amarjeet , Kaur Sanehdeep
Published: April 2014

Endophytic fungi are a group of microbial plant symbionts that occur in living tissues of plants without causing visible disease symptoms. The mechanism underlying the anti-insect properties of endophytes is mainly attributed to the production of various alkaloid-based defensive compounds. The current study reveals the cytotoxic effects of endophytic Nigrospora oryzae- and Cladosporium uredinicola-infected cauliflower plants on larval hemocytes of Spodoptera litura (F.). Larvae fed on leaves of endophyte-infected plants exhibited abnormalities such as change in shape, extensive vacuolization, and necrosis in significantly higher percentage of hemocytes. The percentage of abnormal hemocytes increased with increase in feeding duration. The cytotoxic effect of endophytic fungi on the hemocytes ultimately leads to adverse effects on survival and fitness of the insect.
In vitro regeneration of groundnut: Changes in antioxidative enzymes and histological studies
Authors: Trivedi Rohini
Published: April 2014

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during stress responses are implicated
in a number of cellular responses including morphogenesis. The present study
was undertaken to study the changes in antioxidative enzymes during in vitro
morphogenesis of groundnut from de-embryonated cotyledon explants cultured on
Murashige and Skoog?s medium supplemented with 5.0 mg l-1 benzyl-adenine and
2.0 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. During the early in vitro
ontogenic stages of groundnut, the activity of peroxidase (POD) and
polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased from stage 0 (0 day) to stage II (14 days)
and decreased during stage III (25 days) and stage IV (45 days). The activity
of superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed an inverse trend. The results could be
correlated with the acquisition of competence, de-differentiation, division
and induction which occurred during shoot organogenesis. Histological studies
also showed that the mode of in vitro morphogenesis from the groundnut
explants was via shoot organogenesis. In light of the above study, it could
be concluded that the change in activity of the antioxidative enzymes studied
could be used as a marker to characterize the mode of plant regeneration.
Effects of heat source/sink on magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian power-law fluid on a stretching surface
Authors: Naikoti Kishan , Pagdipelli Kavitha
Published: April 2014

Non-Newtonian boundary layer flow and heat transfer characteristics over a
stretching surface with thermal radiation and slip condition at the surface
is analyzed. The flow is subject to a uniform transverse magnetic field. The
suitable local similarity transformations are used to transform the
non-linear partial differential equations into system of ordinary
differential equations. The non-linear ordinary differential equations are
linearized by using Quasi-linearization technique. The implicit finite
difference scheme has been adopted to solve the obtained coupled ordinary
differential equations. The important finding in this communication is the
combined effects of Magnetic field parameter M, power law index n, slip
parameter l, radiation parameter R, surface temperature parameter g , heat
source/sink parameter S, local Eckert number Ec, temperature difference
parameter r, generalized local Prandtl number Pr on velocity and temperature
profiles and also the skin-friction coefficient -f''(0)and heat transfer
coefficient -?'(0) results are discussed. The results pertaining to the
present study indicate that as the increase of magnetic field parameter, slip
parameter decreases the velocity profiles, where as the temperature profiles
increases for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The power law index n
and heat source/sink parameter decreases the dimensionless velocity and
temperature profiles. The effect of radiation parameter, Eckert number leads
to increase the dimensionless temperature. It is found that increasing the
slip parameter has the effect of decreasing the skin-friction
coefficient-f''(0)and heat transfer coefficient-?'(0).With the increase of
power law index n is to reduce the skin-friction coefficient and increase the
heat transfer coefficient.
Personality Variables as Predictors of Facebook Usage
Authors: Caci Barbara , Cardaci Maurizio , Tabacchi Marco E. , Scrima Fabrizio
Published: April 2014

This study investigates the role of personality factors as predictors of Facebook usage. Data concerning Facebook usage and personality factors from 654 Facebook users were gathered using a web survey. Using path analysis, the results showed Openness was a predictor of Facebook early adoption, Conscientiousness with sparing use, Extraversion with long sessions and abundant friendships, and Neuroticism with high frequency of sessions. The possible role of Agreeableness in predicting low session frequency and friendships needs further validation.
Effect of the Premalignant and Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Cell Cytokine Production in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Johnson Sara , De Costa Anna-Maria , Young M.
Published: April 2014

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is marked by immunosuppression, a state in which the established tumor escapes immune attack. However, the impact of the premalignant and tumor microenvironments on immune reactivity has yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine how soluble mediators from cells established from carcinogen-induced oral premalignant lesions and HNSCC modulate immune cell cytokine production. It was found that premalignant cells secrete significantly increased levels of G-CSF, RANTES, MCP-1, and PGE2 compared to HNSCC cells. Splenocytes incubated with premalignant supernatant secreted significantly increased levels of Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-associated cytokines compared to splenocytes incubated with HNSCC supernatant. These studies demonstrate that whereas the premalignant microenvironment elicits proinflammatory cytokine production, the tumor microenvironment is significantly less immune stimulatory and may contribute to immunosuppression in established HNSCC.
Fluorescent Probes for Insect Ryanodine Receptors: Candidate Anthranilic Diamides
Authors: Wang Yi , Guo Lei , Qi Suzhen , Zhang Hao , Liu Kechang , Liu Ruiquan , Liang Pei , Casida John , Liu Shangzhong
Published: April 2014

Diamide insecticides with high efficacy against pests and good environmental safety are broadly applied in crop protection. They act at a poorly-defined site in the very complex ryanodine (Ry) receptor (RyR) potentially accessible to a fluorescent probe. Two N-propynyl analogs of the major anthranilic diamide insecticides chlorantraniliprole (Chlo) and cyantraniliprole (Cyan) were accordingly synthesized and converted into two fluorescent ligands by click reaction coupling with 3-azido-7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one. The new diamide analogs and fluorescent ligands were shown to be nearly as potent as Chlo and Cyan in inhibition of [3H]Chlo binding and stimulation of [3H]Ry binding in house fly thoracic muscle RyR. Although the newly synthesized compounds had only moderate activity in insect larvicidal activity assays, their high in vitro potency in a validated insect RyR binding assay encourages further development of fluorescent probes for insect RyRs.
Recent Advances in the Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Support for Homogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Govan Joseph , Gun'ko Yurii
Published: April 2014

Magnetic nanoparticles are a highly valuable substrate for the attachment of homogeneous inorganic and organic containing catalysts. This review deals with the very recent main advances in the development of various nanocatalytic systems by the immobilisation of homogeneous catalysts onto magnetic nanoparticles. We discuss magnetic core shell nanostructures (e.g., silica or polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles) as substrates for catalyst immobilisation. Then we consider magnetic nanoparticles bound to inorganic catalytic mesoporous structures as well as metal organic frameworks. Binding of catalytically active small organic molecules and polymers are also reviewed. After that we briefly deliberate on the binding of enzymes to magnetic nanocomposites and the corresponding enzymatic catalysis. Finally, we draw conclusions and present a future outlook for the further development of new catalytic systems which are immobilised onto magnetic nanoparticles.
Automatic Orientation of Multi-Scale Terrestrial Images for 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Tommaselli Antonio , Berveglieri Adilson
Published: April 2014

Image orientation requires ground control as a source of information for both indirect estimation and quality assessment to guarantee the accuracy of the photogrammetric processes. However, the orientation still depends on interactive measurements to locate the control entities over the images. This paper presents an automatic technique used to generate 3D control points from vertical panoramic terrestrial images. The technique uses a special target attached to a GPS receiver and panoramic images acquired in nadir view from different heights. The reference target is used as ground control to determine the exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) of the vertical images. These acquired multi-scale images overlap in the central region and can be used to compute ground coordinates using photogrammetric intersection. Experiments were conducted in a terrestrial calibration field to assess the geometry provided by the reference target and the quality of the reconstructed object coordinates. The analysis was based on the checkpoints, and the resulting discrepancies in the object space were less than 2 cm in the studied cases. As a result, small models and ortho-images can be produced as well as georeferenced image chips that can be used as high-quality control information.
Peptide-Based Technologies to Alter Adenoviral Vector Tropism: Ways and Means for Systemic Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Reetz Julia , Herchenröder Ottmar , Pützer Brigitte
Published: April 2014

Due to the fundamental progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of human diseases and the arrival of the post-genomic era, increasing numbers of therapeutic genes and cellular targets are available for gene therapy. Meanwhile, the most important challenge is to develop gene delivery vectors with high efficiency through target cell selectivity, in particular under in situ conditions. The most widely used vector system to transduce cells is based on adenovirus (Ad). Recent endeavors in the development of selective Ad vectors that target cells or tissues of interest and spare the alteration of all others have focused on the modification of the virus broad natural tropism. A popular way of Ad targeting is achieved by directing the vector towards distinct cellular receptors. Redirecting can be accomplished by linking custom-made peptides with specific affinity to cellular surface proteins via genetic integration, chemical coupling or bridging with dual-specific adapter molecules. Ideally, targeted vectors are incapable of entering cells via their native receptors. Such altered vectors offer new opportunities to delineate functional genomics in a natural environment and may enable efficient systemic therapeutic approaches. This review provides a summary of current state-of-the-art techniques to specifically target adenovirus-based gene delivery vectors.
Muséaliser l’art conceptuel : de Seth Siegelaub à Lawrence Weiner
Authors: Éloy Céline
Published: April 2014

Dès sa naissance, l’art conceptuel veut pousser les limites de l’art en abandonnant la matière au profit du concept. Ce principe adopté par les artistes a des conséquences sur la manière d’exposer dans les années soixante-dix. C’est dans ce contexte que Seth Siegelaub, marchand d’art proche des conceptuels, réalise les expositions-catalogues. Ces présentations se manifestent principalement dans l’espace du catalogue, et non plus dans un espace tridimensionnel telle une galerie. D’une manière générale, cette pratique mise en place par Siegelaub engendre des questionnements sur l’importance de l’objet au sein de l’exposition d’art et de l’institution muséale. Ces dernières accordent à l’artefact un rôle prépondérant qui est amoindri par les artistes conceptuels. Les expositions de Siegelaub et, de manière plus générale, l’art conceptuel nous présentent ainsi une autre vision de l’exposition, plus proche de la muséologie d’idées.
Réexposition et pérennité de l’art contemporain
Authors: Couture Francine
Published: April 2014

The re-exhibition of contemporary works of art, which has created variety, has posed the question of the conceptual framework of the museal institution as well as the deontological principles that result from it. The means of recognizing their authenticity and their originality does not depend necessarily on their material integrity. This has encouraged institutions to document these works through a mediating role, determinant as examples of works of art traditionally defined by their materiality. However, this article highlights the fact that this role is not always fully exercised when the variation in these works exceeds their framework of maintenance. In addition, this study of the relations between practices of exhibition and documentation of contemporary works of art shows that they introduce to the museum a new comprehension of values of integrity and authenticity that refer us not only to the moment of their production but which also embody a temporality including diverse moments of their life of which their public apparitions
Recent Trends in Orthopedic Surgery Aiming to Improve Quality of Life for Those with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data from a Large Observational Cohort
Authors: Momohara Shigeki , Inoue Eisuke , Ikari Katsunori , Ochi Kensuke , Ishida Osamu , Yano Koichiro , Sakuma Yu , Yoshida Shinji , Koyama Takuma , Koenuma Naoko , Taniguchi Atsuo , Yamanaka Hisashi
Published: April 2014

Objective.

To describe current trends in the numbers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related surgeries.

Methods.

The number of operations was determined for patients with RA in a large observational cohort [Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis (IORRA)] enrolled from 2001 to 2012.

Results.

The total number of operations peaked in 2002 and gradually decreased thereafter, but began to increase again in 2008. The number of total knee replacements has decreased since 2003, while the number of wrist and foot arthroplasties and the number of artificial finger prosthesis surgeries have increased gradually.

Conclusion.

Our results suggest that the number of orthopedic surgeries may change in response to changes in the drug therapy for RA.
What is the Opposite of a Knowledge Society?
Authors: Adu Kajsa Hallberg
Published: April 2014

This chapter offers a critical examination of the “collaborative development model” (UNESCO, 2005) or the Knowledge Societies discourse. By comparing international indicators and flagship publications of the Knowledge Economy and the Knowledge Society, the author uncovers a paradox: How can an idea centered on knowledge, sharing, and openness further cement global and local inequalities? By employing Southern/decolonizing theory, the author suggests a response from the Global South that allows for a more complex, symphonic, and inclusive development paradigm, compared to the Western ideas of linear stages of development. Three core aspects of Knowledge Societies are highlighted: The value of sharing, financing of education, and knowledge-on-knowledge. The author contends that fully embracing the concept of Knowledge Societies entails much more than country level indexing and benchmarking; it means opening up the world in terms of trade, mobility, and data, employing new technology in cross border collaborations and acknowledging our humanity's interconnectedness or ubuntu.
Rwanda Leapfrogs into Digital Broadcasting Migration
Authors: Pierre-Louis Cedric
Published: April 2014

This chapter interrogates the migration process from Analog to Digital Terrestrial Television occurring in Rwanda, which has, since May 2013, entered its final stages. Following the commitment of the East African Community (EAC) inspired by the 2006 recommendations of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), Rwanda switched to digital terrestrial broadcasting in December 2013. In the meantime, the government sought to increase television penetration from 7% in December 2012 to 30% when the switch off process came to its end. This chapter focuses on the challenges and constraints of this transition in a country where 80% of the population belongs to the primary sector, and where only 10.6% of Rwandans have access to electricity as a main source of lighting. Based on the author's experience as the Project Leader and Managing Director of TV10, the first private television channel in Rwanda, this chapter discusses and analyzes salient aspects of this migration, which is part of a very ambitious technological catch-up policy. It also highlights the different initiatives put together by the private and the public sector to develop innovative solutions that could mobilize the population and improve their access to television. These initiatives sometimes seem to focus on technical considerations to the detriment of local content development, an undeniable and crucial source of employment in the creative industries. Finally, this chapter points out the opportunities and significant growth potential that digital broadcasting could bring to all the stakeholders involved.
Primary Adrenal Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
Authors: Shaikh Aftab S. , Bakhshi Girish D. , Khan Arshad S. , Jamadar Nilofar M. , Nirmala Aravind Kotresh , Raza Arif Ahmed
Published: March 2014

Adrenal sarcomatoid carcinomas are extremely rare tumors presenting with extensive locoregional spread at the time of diagnosis. Patients succumb to metastases within a couple of months. As a result, very few cases are reported in the literature until now. We present a case of a 62-year old female with non-functional sarcomatoid carcinoma of the right adrenal gland. There was no radiological evidence of locoregional metastases. Patient underwent right adrenalectomy. Follow up after 3 months showed para-aortic lymphadenopathy and similar left adrenal mass on computed tomography. Patient refused further treatment and succumbed to the disease. A brief case report with review of literature is presented.
The management of non-melanocytic skin malignancies of the scalp and calvarium
Authors: Çöloğlu Harun , Özkan Burak , Şener Mesut , Uysal Ahmet Çağri , Borman Hüseyin
Published: March 2014

Background: The management of advanced cutaneous malignancies has been controversial. Thirteen patients with nonmelanoma skin neoplasias that had invaded the bone of the calvarium and scalp were treated in our centre. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate our experience in treating these malignancies with scalp resection and full or partial thickness cranium reconstruction. Patients and Methods: From June 2008 to March 2012, thirteen patients with locally advanced tumours of the scalp invading the calvarium were treated with wide local excision of the scalp combined with an underlying craniectomy and dural resection if needed. Results: Using histopathological diagnosis eleven patients were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma and two patients with squamous cell carcinoma. A full thickness cranium resection was performed in seven patients and partial in six patients. Conclusion: These large cancers occasionally invade adjacent structures, as well as bone, presenting a challenging surgical problem. In general, giant rotational or island scalp flaps and free tissue transfers are needed to close the area. Finding clean margins are an important part of treating patients with bone involvement and can usually be attained using outer tabula curettage thus preventing unnecessary morbidity.
Education in plastic surgery: Are we headed in the right direction?
Authors: Khare Nishant , Puri Vinita
Published: March 2014

Introduction: Plastic surgery in India is in an era of transition. The speciality faces many challenges as it grows. The present study attempts to identify these challenges and the prevalent mood among the teachers and the trainees. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from September 2011 to June 2012. In an E-mail based survey a questionnaire was mailed to professionals actively involved in teaching and training of residents in plastic surgery in many institutes running MCh courses in plastic surgery (Group I) [Appendix 1]. Another questionnaire was mailed to residents undergoing training in plastic surgery and those who had completed their training within past 2 years (Group II) [Appendix 2]. Chi-square test was applied to test for statistical significance. Observations: 29 Group I and 33 Group II subjects responded to the questionnaire. While 72.4% teachers believed that the current system is producing plastic surgeons with enough skill level, only 9.1% of the respondents in Group II thought the same (Chi-square = 28.1; df = 2; P < 0.001). Whereas 58.6% Group I respondents thought that their student is sufficiently equipped to compete in today’s scenario [Figure 1], only 18.2% Group II respondents thought that their training is enough [Figure 2]. (Chi-square = 16.4; df = 2; P < 0.001). Nearly 28% respondents in Group I and only 3% in Group II thought that scientific research and publications should be made mandatory for successful completion of plastic surgery training (Chi-square = 9.4; df = 2; P = 0.009). Adequate exposure was thought to be available in general plastic surgery (Group I: 92% Group II: 81%), maxillofacial surgery (Group I: 72% Group II: 68%) and hand surgery (Group I: 84% Group II: 69%). Both groups agreed that exposure is lacking in craniofacial surgery, aesthetic surgery and microvascular surgery. Aesthetic surgery (38.7%) and microvascular surgery (32.6%) were the most frequent response when the Group II respondents were enquired about the subspeciality they would like to focus on in their practice. Inter-departmental exchange of students for limited period of time was favoured by 86.2% of Group I respondents and 93.9% Group II respondents (Chi-square = 1.3; df = 2; P = 0.49). Conclusion: The current training programme is differently perceived by teachers and the trainees. We recommend that constant deliberations at national and regional forums should take place regarding our education and training programmes.
Large gastric ulcer: Result of foreign body-induced giant cell reaction
Authors: Dhakal Mona , Dhakal Om Prakash , Sherpa Mingma , Gupta Amlan , Bhandari Dhurba
Published: April 2014

A granuloma is an organized and compact mass of mature mononuclear phagocytes. Granulomas are reported to form in various organs and sites of the body. Granulomas in stomach are rarely encountered. Foreign body granulomas are formed as a result of reaction of the tissues to a foreign body which is immunologically inert. Food granuloma is type of foreign body granuloma which is formed in response to food particles like vegetable matters or cereals. These granulomas can be distinguished from other types of granulomas with ease because of their characteristic morphologic features. We report the case of a 29-year-old male who developed a large gastric ulcer as a result of foreign body–induced giant cell reaction, which was probably of vegetative origin. He was treated with the regimen for Helicobacter pylori, rabeprazole and sucralfate. This treatment resulted in partial healing of the ulcer with persistence of food granuloma; hence, the patient was referred for surgery.
« Les rois de Ségou » : de l’épopée à la série télévisée
Authors: Tamari Tal
Published: March 2014

Les Rois de Ségou (“The Kings of Segu”) is a television series from Mali directed by Boubacar Sidibé, released to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of Mali’s independence (22 September 1960). Together with another film released at about the same time, Samanyana Basi (“Basi from the village of Samanyana”), it is largely based on oral traditions pertaining to the Bamanadominated state of Segu (ca. 1700–1860). The film was originally shot in French; after a first showing, it was dubbed in Bamana due to popular demand. The director employed several strategies to best adapt this oral tradition to the screen: citations from the songs are preserved (in the original Bamana); the role of dialogue is reinforced in order to make up for the disappearance of the bard’s narrative voice; and the dialogues are laden with adages, thus approximating the characteristics of bardic speech. The music draws not only on that traditionally associated with the epic, but also on a full range of Bamana and non-Bamana, Malian traditional and contemporary music. Dramatic and acting styles are furthermore influenced by the traditional Bamana kòtèba theatre, as well as by the foreign (especially Latin American) television soap operas widely viewed in Mali. Though the subject is ostensibly the past, the social and political critique of contemporary Mali forms the implicit subtext. Inasmuch as Malians of all backgrounds have been highly interested by this series, it evidences that it fosters the emergence of a sense of national identity.
The media, the reconstruction of drumming, and the tradition of the dùndún and the bàtá ensemble of the Yorùbá in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Adenike Idamoyibo Atinuke
Published: March 2014

This paper examines the impact of the technical media in the reconstruction of Yorùbá traditional drum music, for example given by the unification of two important ensemble instruments in Yorùbá society. It also calls to ‘revive’ the indigenous system of drumming beyond its traditional setting, making it an issue of global consumption. The preservation of the instrumental heritage of the Yorùbá people of South Western Nigeria needs to be discussed in its association with technical media. The Prodigal Ones by Mount Zion Films Production (and other drum music performance in films) shows the media enhancement of the performance of the ensemble serving as accompaniment during a traditional festival. The short scene allocated to a traditional festival reveals the significance of drumming and the input of the drum makers, who are generally not educated but are rich in ideas, knowledge and skills. Interviews show that the dùndún and bàtá ensemble today showcase a new image that is colourful. The wood for drum’s construction is now lighter than for the older ones.
Contes et identité: Wanto dans les contes gbaya et dans la communication actuelle
Authors: Roulon-Doko Paulette
Published: March 2014

Gbaya tales portray gods, humans and animals living as human beings in villages, hunting, gathering and cultivating plants. Wanto, a spider, is the most recurrent character of these tales: he is the one who brings civilization to Gbaya people. My paper points out Wanto’s difference from the other characters and analyzes the complexity of his status. He is the only character whose name can be used as a name for a man. Most other names are specific to a tale, like Snow White in European tales, and cannot be attributed to people. For the Gbaya, Wanto epitomizes the essence of human beings. In fact, on the Internet, it appears that Wanto is always mentioned and claimed as the symbol of Gbaya identity by Gbaya artists. The fundamental role of Wanto in building Gbaya identity shows that oral literature is still vibrant and finds its place in new communication media.
“Why were we crucified into car mechanics?”: Masculine identity in Marlene van Niekerk’s Agaat
Authors: Pretorius Antoinette
Published: March 2014

Critical commentary on Jak de Wet in Marlene van Niekerk’s Agaat centres on his being a patriarchal stereotype of Afrikaner nationalism. However, while his negative behaviour in the novel is undeniable, the construction of his masculine identity is mediated by the emasculated space in which he enacts it. This article reads his masculinity in relation to the concept of “hegemonic masculinity”, the spatial construction of public and private masculine identities, and masculinity as performative. This highlights the ways in which Jak’s representation reveals transient moments of insight. These moments find expression in the novel’s recurring images of mobility that culminate in his death.
Alternative Teaching Methodology in Marine Engineering Courses: employing TIC & CFD Tools
Authors: Gutiérrez José E. , Zamora Blas , Esteve Jerónimo A.
Published: March 2014

An alternative teaching-learning methodology for the subject "Hydrodynamic, Resistance and Propulsion" in Degrees concerned with NAval Engineering, is presented. The goal of the pedagogical approach is the acquirement of appropiate skills related to the ability of analyzing and designing different types of ships. The blended learning concept is employed, including the supervised learnin as key ingredient. The roles of both Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), as educational tuools, are some specific features of the methodology. A pedagocial method that involves project based learning, using CFD, is applied. The evaluation of the student satisfaction is conducted by questionaries.
Maternal Outcome in Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy: Minimizing the Risks
Authors: Khan Tamkin , Rafique Muhammad , Zia Shumaila , Rizwan Aisha , Al-Shamrani Ali
Published: March 2014

Objective

To study the incidence, causes and maternal outcome in emergency peripartum hysterectomy.

Materials and methods

Retrospective, descriptive study of emergency peripartum hysterectomy by analyzing the labor records of patients undergoing the procedure in the past 5 years.

Results

There were 57 emergency hysterectomies among the 28940 deliveries, over the past 5 years. The incidence of EPH was 1.97 per 1000 deliveries. The mean age of the patients was 35.03 ± 5.9 (range: 21-47) years. Mean parity was 4.8 ± 2.8 (range: 0-13). Of 57 patients, 50 (87.7%) patients had previous history of cesarean section (CS). The main indications for hysterectomy were placental abnormalities 63.1% (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 9.5-13.34, p-value <0.001) and uterine atony 24.5% (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 7.43-15.43, p-value <0.001). Subtotal hysterectomy was performed in majority 50 (87.7%) of the cases. Bladder injury was the significant intraoperative complication in 17 (30%) cases (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 9.45- 18.97, p-value <0.001) with no residual damage. Infections were the commonest complication seen in 15 (26%) patients postoperatively. The maternal mortality occurred in 2 (3.5%) patients.

Conclusion

Emergency peripartum hysterectomy, though uncommon, remains a challenging but life saving procedure in obstetrics. Its indications in modern obstetrics are changing and still emerging. Abnormal placentation, previous CS, multiparity are important risk factors. Antenatal diagnosis of low lying and adherent placenta, minimizing the CS rate, proper and timely management of third stage of labor and emergency preparedness are imperative to minimize the chances of emergency peripartum hysterectomy and improving the outcome.

How to cite this article

Zia S, Rafique M, Rizwan A, Khan T, Al-Shamrani A. Maternal Outcome in Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy: Minimizing the Risks. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):91-95.
Causes of Maternal Mortality: Our Scenario
Authors: Soni Monica , Soni Prasoon , Agrawal Sudesh , Mehra Haritasha
Published: March 2014

Objective

To analyze the cases of maternal mortality over a period of 3 years with regard to direct, indirect and associated causes and social correlates.

Materials and methods

Retrospective evaluation of the cases with respect to causes, admission to mortality interval, age, parity, antenatal booking, socioeconomic status, etc. and systemic analysis of all contributing factors.

Result and observation

A total of 66.67% of the deaths were due to direct causes with obstetric hemorrhage being the most common cause followed by puerperal sepsis. Anemia was the most important indirect cause followed by hepatitis and cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion

A large number of maternal deaths seem to be avoidable if we are able to strengthen our maternity and child health services. Equally important, however, remains the upgradation of the status of females in the society with emphasis on literacy and general health awareness.

How to cite this article

Soni M, Agrawal S, Soni P, Mehra H. Causes of Maternal Mortality: Our Scenario. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):96-98.
Vaginal Delivery: A Day-Care Procedure with the use of Day-Care Delivery Protocol
Authors: Malvi Shruti , Mishra Savita
Published: March 2014

Objectives

To know the feasibility of safe activation and augmentation of labor with close monitoring leading to favorable fetomaternal outcome, as a day-care procedure using the daycare delivery (DCD) protocol.

Materials and methods

Inclusion of a select subset of 304 primi women at term was done for labor activation and augmentation, in a closely monitored fashion, followed by assessment of outcomes and follow-up.

Results

Almost 70% of the selected primi women delivered vaginally within the stipulated time of 12 to 15 hours and only 18% needed cesarean section. No perinatal mortality was observed.

Conclusion

Day-care delivery may prove to be a suitable option to the parturient and her obstetrician ensuring quality labor and optimal perinatal outcome.

How to cite this article

Malvi S, Mishra S. Vaginal Delivery: A Day-Care Procedure with the use of Day-Care Delivery Protocol. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):158-160.
A Rare Case of Massive Lower Uterine Segment Fibroid with Pregnancy with Spontaneous Postpartum Expulsion
Authors: Barsode Salil , Taralekar Vaishali , Panchanadikar Tushar
Published: March 2014

This case of 21 years old primigravida with 28 weeks pregnancy with a massive lower uterine fibroid is unique because of the classical cesarean section and spontaneous degeneration and expulsion of the fibroid which is a rarity.

How to cite this article

Barsode S, Taralekar V, Panchanadikar T. A Rare Case of Massive Lower Uterine Segment Fibroid with Pregnancy with Spontaneous Postpartum Expulsion. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):166-167.
Management of Xerostomia Patient with Salivary Reservoir Designed in Upper Complete Denture and Lower Cast Partial Denture
Authors: Arora Vimal , Kumar Dinesh , Legha Virender Singh
Published: April 2014

Xerostomia is a common complaint found often among older adults. Dry mouth has multiple oral health consequences and affects quality of life. It can produce serious negative effects on the patient's quality of life by affecting dietary habits, nutritional status, speech, taste and tolerance to dental prosthesis and increasing the risk of oral infection, including candidiasis and susceptibility to dental caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss. Saliva protects oral mucosa and teeth against harmful substances, lubricates the mouth to facilitate chewing, swallowing and speech, and reduces tissue trauma. Presence of adequate amounts of saliva within denture and tissue interface is essential. Without enough saliva, a denture will inadequately adhere to tissues, partly through loss of surface tension. Sometimes, the cause may easily be eliminated but, in many instances, it is not possible, and the condition is persistent and often progressive. There are several approaches to manage dry mouth. In this article, a palatal reservoir design for upper complete denture and lower cast RPD with salivary reservoir has been described, which completely satisfies the patient need for long time.

How to cite this article

Arora V, Kumar D, Legha VS, Kumar KV A. Management of Xerostomia Patient with Salivary Reservoir Designed in Upper Complete Denture and Lower Cast Partial Denture. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1):56-59.
Arctic stratospheric dehydration – Part 2: Microphysical modeling
Authors: Engel I. , Luo B. P. , Khaykin S. M. , Wienhold F. G. , Vömel H. , Kivi R. , Hoyle C. R. , Grooß J.-U. , Pitts M. C. , Peter T.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Large areas of synoptic-scale ice PSCs (polar stratospheric clouds) distinguished the Arctic winter 2009/2010 from other years and revealed unprecedented evidence of water redistribution in the stratosphere. A unique snapshot of water vapor repartitioning into ice particles was obtained under extremely cold Arctic conditions with temperatures around 183 K. Balloon-borne, aircraft and satellite-based measurements suggest that synoptic-scale ice PSCs and concurrent reductions and enhancements in water vapor are tightly linked with the observed de- and rehydration signatures, respectively. In a companion paper (Part 1), water vapor and aerosol backscatter measurements from the RECONCILE (Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions) and LAPBIAT-II (Lapland Atmosphere–Biosphere Facility) field campaigns have been analyzed in detail. This paper uses a column version of the Zurich Optical and Microphysical box Model (ZOMM) including newly developed NAT (nitric acid trihydrate) and ice nucleation parameterizations. Particle sedimentation is calculated in order to simulate the vertical redistribution of chemical species such as water and nitric acid. Despite limitations given by wind shear and uncertainties in the initial water vapor profile, the column modeling unequivocally shows that (1) accounting for small-scale temperature fluctuations along the trajectories is essential in order to reach agreement between simulated optical cloud properties and observations, and (2) the use of recently developed heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterizations allows the reproduction of the observed signatures of de- and rehydration. Conversely, the vertical redistribution of water measured cannot be explained in terms of homogeneous nucleation of ice clouds, whose particle radii remain too small to cause significant dehydration.
Capturing Magics:
Authors: Uszkalo Kirsten C.
Published: March 2014

This article considers how the recent digitization of witchcraft texts, which has provided unprecedented accessibility to archives and collections, offers scholars a unique perspective—unavailable though conventional interpretive approaches—to open new inroads into the spaces of early modern witchcraft, and enable new ways of reading and interpreting old witchcraft texts. It demonstrates how the Witches in Early Modern England project (WEME), led by Kirsten C. Uszkalo, designs and deploys strategically intersecting, innovative, and experimental digital tools to allow for robust searching and pattern finding within references from 290 texts, providing entries on approximately 150 years of English witchcraft published between 1550 and 1700. The article identifies some of the recurring patterns in the micro-histories of witchcraft in England as expressed in and discovered through WEME, and outlines the technologies that allow users to search a time line, map, search box, or filter in order to explore almost three thousand individual multidimensional nano-histories and align them, to create composites of the true and terrible stories of the early English witches. Moreover, the project's open-ended platform encourages further expansion by users, offering the opportunity to develop search tools that can enhance and inspire the academic interrogation of existing corpora.