bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnopharmacological Knowledge and Antioxidant Propensities of Argania spinosa L. from Morocco
Authors: El Yamani Mohamed , Ijjouk Rachid , Kahime Kholoud , Rharrabti Yahia
Published: July 2024

This work aims to merge ethnopharmacological knowledge with biochemical analysis to enrich our understanding of the significance of the argan tree (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) and to valorize its crucial role in the province of Essaouira (Morocco). First, a survey was conducted using semistructured interviews with 325 informants from Essaouira province between February and April 2023. The interviews covered sociodemographic data and information on argan tree uses, whether for therapeutic, cosmetic, or food purposes (i.e., applications, parts used, preparation, and administration). Second, phenolic extracts were prepared from various parts of the argan tree (i.e., leaves, kernels, nut shells, press cake, and oil) and then assessed for their antioxidant potential to scientifically validate their traditional uses. The evaluation of antioxidant activity focused on their free radical scavenging and reducing capacities, using DPPH and FRAP assays. Findings confirmed the cultural significance of the argan tree for the local population, as well as their strong dependence on its products. Indeed, it was noted that argan‐based products are widely favored in traditional cuisine, with a prevalence of 83.4%; Amlou is the most commonly consumed food. Therapeutic and cosmetic applications accounted for 48.6% and 28.0%, respectively, predominantly for treating skin and subcutaneous issues (69.5%) and diabetes (19.7%). Argan oil was the most cited argan product used, often consumed raw (97.5%), followed by almonds (22.8%). Cataplasm (26.1%) and maceration (24.6%) were preferred for argan derivative preparation. External application (50.1%) was the primary administration method, followed by oral consumption (38.1%) and massage (27.7%). For in vitro assays, the argan tree could prove to be a promising source of phenolic compounds, especially in the leaves (>4 times richer than other parts, 231.046 ± 5.090 mg GAE/g DW). DPPH and FRAP tests demonstrated notable antiradical potential and reducing power, concentration‐dependent. Leaf‐derived phenolic extracts exhibited the highest free radical scavenging potential (IC50 = 0.589 ± 0.005 mg/ml) and the best reducing capacity (IC50 = 0.420 ± 0.005 mg/ml), although these potencies remained below the standard used. This study represents valuable documentation that can serve to preserve information on the use of argan products while exploring their phytochemical and pharmacological properties.
Kaempferol Ameliorates Renal Remodelling by Inhibiting the Renin‐Angiotensin System Cascade in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Maneesai Putcharawipa , Iampanichakul Metee , Potue Prapassorn , Khamseekaew Juthamas , Tong-Un Terdthai , Prachaney Parichat , Settheetham-Ishida Wannapa , Pakdeechote Poungrat
Published: July 2024

Background. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid with a wide range of pharmacological effects. The current study tested whether kaempferol prevents hypertension‐induced renal remodelling in rats. During the 5 weeks of experiments, rats (n = 7/group) were administered Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L‐NAME) (40 mg/kg/day) with either vehicle or kaempferol (20 mg/kg/day) or kaempferol (40 mg/kg/day) or lisinopril (5 mg/kg/day). Results. Kaempferol treatment alleviated haemodynamic changes occurring in hypertensive rats, including increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate (p < 0.05). Kaempferol treatment prevented glomerular hypertrophy by reducing the increased glomerular cross‐sectional area, glomerular tuft area, Bowman’s space area, glomerular volume, and the extent of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by hypertension (p < 0.05). Furthermore, animals in the L‐NAME group showed elevated angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels compared to those in the kaempferol‐treated group (p < 0.05). Kaempferol treatment also reverted the elevations in levels of superoxide anions and malondialdehyde and reduced catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in hypertensive rats (p < 0.05). L‐NAME‐treated rats showed overexpression of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4), and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) proteins; conversely, the expression of these proteins was reduced in the kaempferol‐treated group (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Kaempferol treatment alleviated renal remodelling induced in rats by chronic hypertension. These mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of ACE activity and suppression of the Ang II/AT1 receptor/NOX4/MMP‐9 cell signalling pathway in renal tissue.
Pepper Fruits at Different Ripening Periods Have Potential Phyto‐Biochemical and Enzymatic Responses to Irrigation Levels
Authors: Erol Ümit Haydar
Published: July 2024

Irrigation significantly affects plant physiology, especially in arid regions, and plays a crucial role in growth and development. Understanding the effects of irrigation on different fruit ripening periods is essential for sustainable agriculture. This study investigates the phyto‐biochemical changes and antioxidative responses of C. baccatum to different irrigation levels during fruit ripening. Five irrigation levels (IL), 150% (IL5), 100% (IL4), 75% (IL3, control), 50% (IL2), and 25% (IL1) field capacity (FC), were studied over three ripening periods at 20th, 40th and 60th days after flowering. Significant changes in phytochemical composition, biochemical properties, and antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in response to different irrigation levels. Reduced irrigation levels combined with fruit ripening led to a significant increase in capsaicinoid components, while drought conditions enhanced antioxidant activity by increasing total phenolics and flavonoids. Conversely, MDA, proline, and protein levels increased under drought stress. Excessive irrigation increased biochemical components throughout ripening, while key enzyme activities responded proportionally to drought severity, with no significant effect above control levels. Optimal chemical components were observed at IL4, with IL1 showing the maximum pungency. Most parameters peaked on the 60th day after flowering, highlighting the importance of fruit ripening periods. These results provide valuable insights for refined irrigation strategies, improved physiological resilience, and sustainable yield enhancement.
Table S6 from ZNF397 Deficiency Triggers TET2-Driven Lineage Plasticity and AR-Targeted Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xu Yaru , Yang Yuqiu , Wang Zhaoning , Sjöström Martin , Jiang Yuyin , Tang Yitao , Cheng Siyuan , Deng Su , Wang Choushi , Gonzalez Julisa , Johnson Nickolas A. , Li Xiang , Li Xiaoling , Metang Lauren A. , Mukherji Atreyi , Xu Quanhui , Tirado Carla R. , Wainwright Garrett , Yu Xinzhe , Barnes Spencer , Hofstad Mia , Chen Yu , Zhu Hong , Hanker Ariella B. , Raj Ganesh V. , Zhu Guanghui , He Housheng H. , Wang Zhao , Arteaga Carlos L. , Liang Han , Feng Felix Y. , Wang Yunguan , Wang Tao , Mu Ping
Published: July 2024

Table S6. Key Resources
Table S5 from ZNF397 Deficiency Triggers TET2-Driven Lineage Plasticity and AR-Targeted Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xu Yaru , Yang Yuqiu , Wang Zhaoning , Sjöström Martin , Jiang Yuyin , Tang Yitao , Cheng Siyuan , Deng Su , Wang Choushi , Gonzalez Julisa , Johnson Nickolas A. , Li Xiang , Li Xiaoling , Metang Lauren A. , Mukherji Atreyi , Xu Quanhui , Tirado Carla R. , Wainwright Garrett , Yu Xinzhe , Barnes Spencer , Hofstad Mia , Chen Yu , Zhu Hong , Hanker Ariella B. , Raj Ganesh V. , Zhu Guanghui , He Housheng H. , Wang Zhao , Arteaga Carlos L. , Liang Han , Feng Felix Y. , Wang Yunguan , Wang Tao , Mu Ping
Published: July 2024

Table S5. Lineage-Specific and AR Target Gene Signatures
Table S2 from ZNF397 Deficiency Triggers TET2-Driven Lineage Plasticity and AR-Targeted Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xu Yaru , Yang Yuqiu , Wang Zhaoning , Sjöström Martin , Jiang Yuyin , Tang Yitao , Cheng Siyuan , Deng Su , Wang Choushi , Gonzalez Julisa , Johnson Nickolas A. , Li Xiang , Li Xiaoling , Metang Lauren A. , Mukherji Atreyi , Xu Quanhui , Tirado Carla R. , Wainwright Garrett , Yu Xinzhe , Barnes Spencer , Hofstad Mia , Chen Yu , Zhu Hong , Hanker Ariella B. , Raj Ganesh V. , Zhu Guanghui , He Housheng H. , Wang Zhao , Arteaga Carlos L. , Liang Han , Feng Felix Y. , Wang Yunguan , Wang Tao , Mu Ping
Published: July 2024

Table S2. Differentially Expressed Genes in ZNF397-KO Cells
Supplementary Table 1 from A Kinome-Wide Synthetic Lethal CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals That mTOR Inhibition Prevents Adaptive Resistance to CDK4/CDK6 Blockade in HNSCC
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Koshizuka Keiichi , Ando Toshinori , Izumi Hiroki , Wu Xingyu , Sato Kuniaki , Ishikawa Tomohiko , Ford Kyle , Feng Xiaodong , Wang Zhiyong , Arang Nadia , Allevato Michael M. , Kishore Ayush , Mali Prashant , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: July 2024

Configuration of PinAPL-Py software
Figure 1 from A Kinome-Wide Synthetic Lethal CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals That mTOR Inhibition Prevents Adaptive Resistance to CDK4/CDK6 Blockade in HNSCC
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Koshizuka Keiichi , Ando Toshinori , Izumi Hiroki , Wu Xingyu , Sato Kuniaki , Ishikawa Tomohiko , Ford Kyle , Feng Xiaodong , Wang Zhiyong , Arang Nadia , Allevato Michael M. , Kishore Ayush , Mali Prashant , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: July 2024

CRISPR screening identified the cell-cycle pathway as the synthetic lethal pathway for mTORis in HNSCC. A, Scheme for CRISPR screening. Cal27-Cas9 cells were infected with the human kinome CRIPSR-knockout library, targeting 763 genes consisting of four sgRNAs for each gene, and subjected to vehicle treatment or INK128 treatment. At population doubling 20, genomic DNA was extracted from cells, and PCR and NGS were performed. B, Volcano plot of all dropout sgRNA hits. C, Extraction sequence of sensitizing sgRNA hits. The sensitizing hits were extracted with P value < 0.01 and analyzed with KEGG pathway analysis. D, Selected 109 hits plot. The hits included genes related to PI3K/mTOR and cell-cycle pathways. E, KEGG pathway analysis for sensitizing hits. KEGG pathway analysis was applied for significant 109 hits. The top 15 pathways are represented, and the color intensity of the bar represents the combined score. F,CCND1 mRNA expression and OS in TCGA-HNSCC patients. Patients with high (z-score > 0.5, n = 124) and low (Z-score < 0.5, n = 73) expression of each mRNA were compared using the log-rank test. G, CCND1 RPPA expression and OS in TCGA-HNSCC patients. Patients with high (z-score > 0.5, n = 120) and low (z-score < 0.5, n = 120) expression of each mRNA were compared using the log-rank test. (Created with BioRender.com.)
Quantitative Assessment of Acute Intracranial Clot and Collaterals on High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yuan WeiZhuang , Chen Hui-Sheng , Yang Yi , Zhang Meng , Fang Le , Wu Shi-Wen , Li MingLi , Liu Cai-Yan , Huang YiNing , Wang YiNing , Xu Wei-Hai
Published: July 2024

Introduction: There has been an increasing demand for imaging methods that provide a comprehensive evaluation of intracranial clot and collateral circulation, which are helpful for clinical decision-making and predicting functional outcomes. We aimed to quantitatively evaluate acute intracranial clot burden and collaterals on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI). Methods: We analyzed acute ischemic stroke patients with internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion in a prospective multicenter study. The clot burden was scored on a scale of 0–10 based on the clot location on HR-MRI. The collateral score was assigned on a scale of 0–3 using the minimum intensity projection from HR-MRI. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess their correlation with clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale >2 at 90 days). Thresholds were defined to dichotomize into low- and high-score groups, and predictive performances were assessed for clinical and radiologic outcomes. Results: Ninety-nine patients (mean age of 60.77 ± 11.54 years) were included in the analysis. The interobserver correlation was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.77–0.95) for the clot burden score and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.53–0.90) for the collateral score. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the collateral score (odds ratio: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19–0.90) was significantly associated with clinical outcomes. A better functional outcome was observed in the group with clot burden scores greater than 7 (p = 0.011). A smaller final infarct size and a higher diffusion-weighted imaging-based Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score were observed in the group with collateral scores greater than 1 (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: HR-MRI offers a new tool for quantitative assessment of clot burden and collaterals simultaneously in future clinical practices and research endeavors.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) in a Transgender Male: Is IIH Hormonally Mediated?
Authors: Smith Isaac , Aoun Raissa , Lalchan Rebecca
Published: July 2024

Background: The pathophysiology of Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is not fully characterized, and less is known about its development in transgender patients. Several cases of IIH in transgender patients have been reported, but fewer cases have been published that identify a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak as a complication of IIH in this population. These patients can serve as an important study population, as an association between exogenous testosterone use in karyotypical females and development of IIH may support a hormonally-mediated mechanism of development of this disease.
Case: We describe the case of a 33-year-old obese (BMI: 30.58 kg/m2) female-to-male (FTM) transgender patient on exogenous testosterone for 15 years who presented with 1-month of acute on chronic headache with profuse rhinorrhea. Fundoscopic exam revealed disc pallor and edema consistent with a Frisen Gade 3 papilledema. Nasal secretion was positive for beta-2 transferrin, consistent with CSF. Computed tomography (CT) head demonstrated a 5-mm defect in the medial left middle cranial fossa, bilateral optic nerve prominence and tortuosity, and abnormal arachnoid granulations concerning for IIH. After a successful endoscopic endonasal repair of the left lateral sphenoid recess leak, our patient continued to report headaches, was started on acetazolamide, and noted improvement in symptoms.
Conclusion: The case described herein further supports the growing body of evidence that implicates a hormonal mechanism of action in the development of IIH. Importantly, it also addresses the need for increased study and conversation about rare neurologic diseases in transgender patients.
O olhar do jornalismo ambiental é um olhar que tem que evidenciar as contradições da exploração do meio ambiente
Authors: Couto Andreia Terzariol
Published: July 2024

A tragédia climática que tomou conta do Rio Grande do Sul é mais um alerta sobre a desregulação do clima devido ao aquecimento global. Não se pode mais ignorar os fatos de grandes impactos ambientais e suas consequências climáticas, como querem ver os chamados políticos “negacionistas” do clima. O país ainda não se recuperou da calamidade das enchentes do Sul e novos ataques às áreas costeiras brasileiras já estão sendo colocadas, como a PEC 03/2024, ou a PEC das Praias, como vem sendo chamada. O assunto tem mobilizado a mídia, pois o assunto tomou conta do noticiário e das redes sociais, envolvendo artistas, ambientalistas, políticos e um conhecido jogador de futebol, garoto propaganda da PEC e sócio da DUE Incorporadora, que tem um projeto chamado “Caribe brasileiro” para a construção de um condomínio de alto padrão compreendendo 100 quilômetros da orla entre o litoral sul de Pernambuco e o norte de Alagoas. A entrevista com a professora e pesquisadora Ilza Maria Tourinho Girardi é fundamental para compreensão desse momento.
A new species of Physalacria (Physalacriaceae, Agaricales) from Jilin Province, China
Authors: LI SI-YING , BAU TOLGOR
Published: July 2024

During our investigation of the Physalacriaceae species resources in Northeast China, we discovered several basidiomata with a macromorphology distinct from that of similarly dispersed Physalacria lateriparies in the same region. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS and LSU indicated that the basidiomata should be considered a new species of Physalacria. We have named it Physalacria jilinensis T. Bau & S.Y. Li owing to its type location. It is characterized by its globose to subglobose or obtusely conical, with perforations heads; basidiospores mostly ellipsoid.
Revision of the Nearctic Species of the Shore-Fly Genus Scatophila Becker (Diptera: Ephydridae)
Authors: ZATWARNICKI TADEUSZ , MATHIS WAYNE N.
Published: July 2024

The Nearctic species of the shore-fly genus Scatophila Becker are revised. We treat 26 species of which three are new (type locality noted in parenthesis): Scatophila angusta sp. nov. (Oregon. Baker: Goose Creek (35 km E Baker City; 44°49.2'N, 117°27.79'W; 825 m)), S. bolwigi sp. nov. (Alaska. Valdez-Cordova (Census Area): Gulkana River (19.3 km N Glennallen; 62°16.1'N, 145°23.1'W)), and S. mystacina sp. nov. (Utah. Grand: Green River (15.3 km N; 39°7'N, 110°6.6'W; 1225 m)). Specimens of S. carinata Sturtevant and Wheeler syn. nov. are reported herein to be conspecific with S. tuberculosa Cresson, the latter name having priority. Five species (S. contaminata (Stenhammar), S. cribrata (Stenhammar), S. iowana Wheeler, S. mesogramma (Loew), and S. unicornis Czerny)) are discovered to have Holarctic distributions, especially the Alaskan fauna, and S. contaminata (Stenhammar) is reported for the first time from the Nearctic Region. Emphasis is given to structures of the male terminalia, which are fully illustrated and described. Detailed locality data and distribution maps for included species are provided. For perspective and to facilitate recognition of genera, the tribe Scatellini is diagnosed and a key to genera and species groups from the New World are provided.
Quantitative proteomics reveals serum proteome alterations during metastatic disease progression in breast cancer patients
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Jung Sung Yun , Austdal Marie , Arun Aaditya Krishna , Helland Thomas , Mellgren Gunnar , Lende Tone Hoel , Janssen Emiel A. M. , Søiland Håvard , Aneja Ritu
Published: July 2024

Background

Tumor recurrence and metastatic progression remains the leading cause for breast cancer related mortalities. However, the proteomes of patient- matched primary breast cancer (BC) and metastatic lesions have not yet been identified, due to the lack of clinically annotated longitudinal samples. In this study, we evaluated the global-proteomic landscape of BC patients with and without distant metastasis as well as compared the proteome of distant metastatic disease with its corresponding primary BC, within the same patient.

Methods

We performed mass spectrometry-based proteome profiling of 73 serum samples from 51 BC patients. Among the 51 patients with BC, 29 remained metastasis-free (henceforth called non-progressors), and 22 developed metastases (henceforth called progressors). For the 22 progressors, we obtained two samples: one collected within a year of diagnosis, and the other collected within a year before the diagnosis of metastatic disease. MS data were analyzed using intensity-based absolute quantification and normalized before differential expression analysis. Significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; absolute fold-change ≥ 1.5, P-value < 0.05 and 30% abundance per clinical group) were subjected to pathway analyses.

Results

We identified 967 proteins among 73 serum samples from patients with BC. Among these, 39 proteins were altered in serum samples at diagnosis, between progressors and non-progressors. Among these, 4 proteins were further altered when the progressors developed distant metastasis. In addition, within progressors, 20 proteins were altered in serum collected at diagnosis versus at the onset of metastasis. Pathway analysis showed that these proteins encoded pathways that describe metastasis, including epithelial–mesenchymal transition and focal adhesion that are hallmarks of metastatic cascade.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the importance of examining matched samples from distant metastasis with primary BC samples collected at diagnosis to unravel subset of proteins that could be involved in BC progression in serum. This study sets the foundation for additional future investigations that could position these proteins as non-invasive markers for clinically monitoring breast cancer progression in patients.
Emergency department utilization before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with sickle cell disease
Authors: Attell Brandon K. , Plaxco Allison P. , Zhou Mei , Valle Jhaqueline , Reeves Sarah L. , Patel Pooja N. , Latta Krista , Smeltzer Matthew P. , Snyder Angela B.
Published: July 2024

Background

The emergency department (ED) is a vital source of healthcare for individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD). Prior research indicates that during the COVID-19 pandemic some individuals with SCD avoided the ED for fear of acquiring COVID-19 or delayed visiting the ED by self-management of symptoms or pain crisis at home. The purpose of the current study was to understand ED utilization rates before and during the pandemic among individuals living with SCD.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using population-based SCD surveillance systems in California, Georgia, Michigan, and Tennessee to assess the impact of the pandemic on ED utilization among people with SCD by (1) analyzing trends in monthly ED utilization from January 2019 - December 2020, with specific attention given to immediate changes at the onset of the pandemic; and (2) calculating changes in the volume of utilization by comparing the total ED visits made from March - December 2020 to the same period in 2019, both overall and by demographic characteristics.

Results

Across all states, a decline in ED utilization during the onset of the pandemic was seen, with the largest decline seen in those under age 10. By December 2020, utilization rates were higher than their lowest observed month of April 2020, but had not fully returned to pre-COVID levels. During the pandemic, ED visits in each state decreased by as much as 25%, and the number of people with any ED utilization decreased by as much as 26%.

Conclusions

This study confirms and extends the existing literature related to the impact of the pandemic on healthcare utilization patterns in the US, in a unique population with increased healthcare needs.
Emergency preparedness in the central sterile supply department: a multicenter cross-sectional survey
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Gui Fengliu , Zhang Mengmeng , Chen Hui
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate the current situation of emergency preparation and emergency drill in the CSSD, and analyze its influence on the nurses’ emergency attitude and ability.

Methods

This study employed a multicenter stratified sampling method, conducted from January to June 2023 using the online survey, participants completed the general data, emergency preparedness and drill questionnaire, public health emergency response questionnaire and emergency capacity scale. An independent samples t test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyse differences in nurses’ emergency capacity and attitudes.

Results

The data from 15 provinces 55 hospitals in China. Overall, 77.58% of participants’ institutions set up emergency management teams, 85.45% have an emergency plan and revise it regularly. 92.12% store emergency supplies. All survey staff participated in the emergency drill, which predominantly consisted of individual drills (51.52%), with 90.30% being real combat drills, 49.09% of participants engaging in drills every quarter, and 91.52% of the drill’s participants exceeding 50%. The respondents’ emergency attitude score was (29.346 ± 6.029), their emergency ability score was (63.594 ± 10.413), and those with rescue experience showed a more positive attitude (Z = -2.316, P = 0.021). Different titles, education levels, rescue experience and the frequency of emergency drill affected the emergency rescue ability of the respondents (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Most medical institutions establish emergency management systems and plans, yet the content lacks geographical specificity.The duration and participation of emergency drills are high, but the effectiveness of the drills needs to be further improved, and the response capacity and attitudes of CSSD nurses are low. It is recommended that agencies develop comprehensive and targeted contingency plans to strengthen the inspection and evaluation of team strength, equipment and safeguards against the contingency plans, so as to ensure that the measures mandated by the contingency plans can be implemented promptly after the emergency response is initiated.
The intestinal flora and nutritional status and immune function characteristics of obese colon cancer patients
Authors: Yuan Juhua , Zhang Yujing , Wu Shengping , Zheng Liping
Published: July 2024

Background

The research aims to explore the characteristics of intestinal flora, nutritional status and immune function in patients with different types of obese colon cancer.

Methods

A retrospective analysis is conducted on 64 cases of obese colon cancer diagnosed from June 2018 to January 2020. According to the histological staging of the cancer, they are classified into adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, with corresponding cases of 24, 22 and 18, respectively. The intestinal flora (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and yeast), nutritional status (Hb, Alb, PA, TFN, and PNI), immune function (IgG, IgM, IgA, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+) are analyzed in the different groups of patients. Survival curves are evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test for tumour death, local recurrence, and distant metastasis.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in intestinal flora (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and yeast), nutritional status (Hb, Alb, PA, TFN, and PNI) and immune function (IgG, IgM, IgA, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+) between different groups. There was a significant correlation between intestinal flora, nutritional status and immune function for all three. The survival curves of tumour death, local recurrence and distant metastasis in different groups of obese colon cancer patients were statistically significant. The tumor mortality rate, local recurrence, and distant metastasis rate in adenocarcinoma were 78.65%, 54.25% and 48.26% respectively.

Conclusion

There are differences in intestinal flora, nutritional status and immune function among different types of obese colon cancer patients, but adenocarcinoma has the least benefit in intestinal flora, poor nutritional status, and weakest immune function.
Clinical diagnostic value of methylated SEPT9 combined with NLR, PLR and LMR in colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Meiyuan , Deng Shuang , Li Ming , Yang Zhenyu , Guo Jiaxing , Deng Yi , Chen Dongliang , Yan Bokang
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate clinical diagnostic values of mSEPT9 combined with NLR, PLR and LMR in CRC.

Methods

329 subjects composed of 120 CRC patients, 105 polyps patients and 104 healthy participants were prospectively recruited. Clinicopathologic features were collected and analyzed. Plasma samples were collected for mSEPT9, NLR, PLR and LMR test. The sensitivity, specificity and AUC of each biomarker separately or in combination were estimated by the ROC curve.

Results

The levels of NLR, PLR and the PDR of mSEPT9 in CRC patients were significantly higher than those in non-CRC subjects, while LMR was the opposite. The PDR of mSEPT9 in CRC patients was significantly correlated with age, tumor size, tumor stage and M stage. ROC curve analysis demonstrated moderate diagnostic values of mSEPT9, NLR, PLR and LMR in CRC patients with AUC of 0.78 (Se = 0.68, and Sp = 0.89), 0.78 (Se = 0.68, and Sp = 0.83), 0.80 (Se = 0.68, and Sp = 0.81), and 0.77 (Se = 0.72, and Sp = 0.73), respectively. Moreover, combination of these four biomarkers dramatically enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of CRC (AUC = 0.92, Se = 0.90, and Sp = 0.87), especially for CRC patients with large tumors (AUC = 0.95) or distal metastasis (AUC = 0.95).

Conclusion

mSEPT9, NLR, PLR and LMR showed the potential to be reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC. And the combined application of these biomarkers further improved the diagnostic accuracy of CRC significantly.
Value of fractional-order calculus (FROC) model diffusion-weighted imaging combined with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acceleration technology for evaluating benign and malignant breast lesions
Authors: Wang Fei , Sun Yi-Nan , Zhang Bao-Ti , Yang Qing , He An-Dong , Xu Wang-Yan , Liu Jun , Liu Meng-Xiao , Li Xiao-Hu , Yu Yong-Qiang , Zhu Juan
Published: July 2024

Background

This study explores the diagnostic value of combining fractional-order calculus (FROC) diffusion-weighted model with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acceleration technology in distinguishing benign and malignant breast lesions.

Methods

178 lesions (73 benign, 105 malignant) underwent magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging using multiple b-values (14 b-values, highest 3000 s/mm2). Independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test compared image quality scores, FROC model parameters (D,, ), and ADC values between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified independent variables and constructed nomograms. Model discrimination ability was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration chart. Spearman correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plot evaluated parameter correlation and consistency.

Results

Malignant lesions exhibited lower D, and ADC values than benign lesions (P < 0.05), with higher values (P < 0.05). In SSEPI-DWI and SMS-SSEPI-DWI sequences, the AUC and diagnostic accuracy of D value are maximal, with D value demonstrating the highest diagnostic sensitivity, while value exhibits the highest specificity. The D and combined model had the highest AUC and accuracy. D and ADC values showed high correlation between sequences, and moderate. Bland-Altman plot demonstrated unbiased parameter values.

Conclusion

SMS-SSEPI-DWI FROC model provides good image quality and lesion characteristic values within an acceptable time. It shows consistent diagnostic performance compared to SSEPI-DWI, particularly in D and values, and significantly reduces scanning time.
Guidewire entrapment in the Chiari network during the insertion of a hemodialysis catheter: a case report
Authors: Ye Ming , Xiang Dongying , Li Liang , Qin Yinggang , Zhu Yibing , He Long , Guo Chuan
Published: July 2024

Background

The Chiari network, a remnant of fetal anatomy, consists of a mesh-like structure within the right atrium. With advancements in cardiac interventions, complications associated with the Chiari network have increasingly been reported. However, there are few reports about guidewire or catheter entrapment in the Chiari network during the insertion of a dialysis catheter.

Case presentation

A 46-year-old male with end-stage renal disease was hospitalized and underwent a digital subtraction angiography-assisted catheterization of the right internal jugular vein tunnel-cuffed dialysis catheter. When the guide wire entered a depth of about 20 cm, it was difficult to advance, manifested as resistance when twisting the guide wire and inability to enter the inferior vena cava. After the peelable sheath was inserted, it was difficult to pull out the guide wire. After repeated attempts to rotate the guide wire, the guide wire was finally pulled out. A fibrous tissue was wrapped around the tip of the guide wire. Its length was 6 cm, with a smooth surface and tough texture. We considered that the tissue we pulled out was most likely a part of a Chiari network.

Conclusions

This case highlights the potential for the Chiari network to complicate surgical procedures, including difficulty with guidewire and catheter manipulation. Attention should be paid to Chiari networks. Echocardiography can be used to identify the Chiari network. During the surgery, forcefully pulling out a stuck guidewire is not suggested, to avoid the risk of tearing the atrial wall and causing pericardial tamponade. An urgent consultation with ultrasound doctors and cardiac surgeons might be helpful in such cases.
The lived experiences of fatigue among patients receiving haemodialysis in Oman: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Al-Naamani Zakariya , Gormley Kevin , Noble Helen , Santin Olinda , Al Omari Omar , Al-Noumani Huda , Madkhali Norah
Published: July 2024

Background

Fatigue among patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving haemodialysis imposes a substantial burden on patients’ quality of life and expected treatment outcomes. This study explores the perspective on ESKD-related fatigue and contributing factors among Omani patients receiving haemodialysis.

Methods

An exploratory qualitative design was used. Participants (N = 25) were recruited from two Omani haemodialysis centres, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. NVivo 11 is used to manage qualitative data and create memos, nodes, and codes.

Results

Findings highlighted three themes: (i)“Inevitability of fatigue,” (ii)“Contributors to physical fatigue,” and (iii)“Contributors to mental fatigue.” Theme one alluded to the inevitability of fatigue and the unique experience encountered by patients. Theme two addressed the physical fatigue associated with ESKD-related factors, such as chronically low haemoglobin levels, and the exhausting impact caused by the frequency and travelling distance for treatment sessions. Theme three, mental fatigue, was notably driven by heightened emotional disturbance, encompassing frustration, guilt, anxiety, and distress, that in turn impacted family interactions, frequently triggering anger and remorse. Moreover, mental fatigue is a result of disturbances in expressing physical sexuality in marriage, as physical fatigue was found to be a significant contributor to unsatisfactory sexual experiences and, thus, straining the relationships between couples.

Conclusions

This study offers an explanation of fatigue among Omani patients with ESKD who are receiving haemodialysis. The study emphasises close links between physiological change, the haemodialysis process, and mental tiredness, together with their contribution to supporting the need for a holistic approach and care strategies in managing these patients and promoting patient and family well-being.
Artificial intelligence assisted ultrasound for the non-invasive prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Nie Lunyiu , Zhu Qingli , Zuo Zhichao , Liu Guanmo , Sun Qiang , Zhai Jidong , Li Jianchu
Published: July 2024

Purpose

A practical noninvasive method is needed to identify lymph node (LN) status in breast cancer patients diagnosed with a suspicious axillary lymph node (ALN) at ultrasound but a negative clinical physical examination. To predict ALN metastasis effectively and noninvasively, we developed an artificial intelligence-assisted ultrasound system and validated it in a retrospective study.

Methods

A total of 266 patients treated with sentinel LN biopsy and ALN dissection at Peking Union Medical College & Hospital(PUMCH) between the year 2017 and 2019 were assigned to training, validation and test sets (8:1:1). A deep learning model architecture named DeepLabV3 + was used together with ResNet-101 as the backbone network to create an ultrasound image segmentation diagnosis model. Subsequently, the segmented images are classified by a Convolutional Neural Network to predict ALN metastasis.

Results

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model for identifying metastasis was 0.799 (95% CI: 0.514–1.000), with good end-to-end classification accuracy of 0.889 (95% CI: 0.741–1.000). Moreover, the specificity and positive predictive value of this model was 100%, providing high accuracy for clinical diagnosis.

Conclusion

This model can be a direct and reliable tool for the evaluation of individual LN status. Our study focuses on predicting ALN metastasis by radiomic analysis, which can be used to guide further treatment planning in breast cancer.
Identification of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head biomarkers based on immunization and animal experiments
Authors: Luo Dongqiang , Gao Xiaolu , Zhu Xianqiong , Wu Jiayu , Yang Qingyi , Xu Ying , Huang Yuxuan , He Xiaolin , Li Yan , Gao Pengfei
Published: July 2024

Background

Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (SONFH) is a severe health risk, and this study aims to identify immune-related biomarkers and pathways associated with the disease through bioinformatics analysis and animal experiments.

Method

Using SONFH-related datasets obtained from the GEO database, we performed differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to extract SONFH-related genes. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then constructed, and core sub-network genes were identified. Immune cell infiltration and clustering analysis of SONFH samples were performed to assess differences in immune cell populations. WGCNA analysis was used to identify module genes associated with immune cells, and hub genes were identified using machine learning. Internal and external validation along with animal experiments were conducted to confirm the differential expression of hub genes and infiltration of immune cells in SONFH.

Results

Differential expression analysis revealed 502 DEGs. WGCNA analysis identified a blue module closely related to SONFH, containing 1928 module genes. Intersection analysis between DEGs and blue module genes resulted in 453 intersecting genes. The PPI network and MCODE module identified 15 key targets enriched in various signaling pathways. Analysis of immune cell infiltration showed statistically significant differences in CD8 + t cells, monocytes, macrophages M2 and neutrophils between SONFH and control samples. Unsupervised clustering classified SONFH samples into two clusters (C1 and C2), which also exhibited significant differences in immune cell infiltration. The hub genes (ICAM1, NR3C1, and IKBKB) were further identified using WGCNA and machine learning analysis. Based on these hub genes, a clinical prediction model was constructed and validated internally and externally. Animal experiments confirmed the upregulation of hub genes in SONFH, with an associated increase in immune cell infiltration.

Conclusion

This study identified ICAM1, NR3C1, and IKBKB as potential immune-related biomarkers involved in immune cell infiltration of CD8 + t cells, monocytes, macrophages M2, neutrophils and other immune cells in the pathogenesis of SONFH. These biomarkers act through modulation of the chemokine signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and other pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into the disease mechanism of SONFH and may aid in future drug development efforts.
Factors associated with satisfaction of the australian rural resident medical officer cadetship program: results from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kensit Phillipa , Islam Md Irteja , Ramsden Robyn , Geddes Louise , Guisard Yann , Russell Chris , Martiniuk Alexandra
Published: July 2024

Background

Australian Rural Resident Medical Officer Cadetships are awarded to medical students interested in a rural medical career. The Rural Residential Medical Officer Cadetship Program (Cadetship Program) is administered by the Rural Doctors Network on behalf of the NSW Ministry of Health. This study aimed to assess the overall experience of medical students and key factors that contributed to their satisfaction with the Cadetship Program.

Methods

A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 former cadets who had completed the Cadetship Program. Data on medical students’ experience with the Cadetship Program (outcome variable) and potential explanatory variables were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Explanatory variables included gender, geographical location, rural health club membership, rural clinical school attendance, financial support, mentorship benefits, networking opportunities, influence on career decisions, opportunity for preferential placements, and relocation. Both bivariate (Pearson’s chi-squared test) and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to identify the factors associated with medical students’ overall experience with the Cadetship Program. The non-linear analysis was weighted to represent the rural/remote health workforce, in Stata/SE 14.1.

Results

Our results indicate that 91% of medical students were satisfied with the Cadetship Program. The logistic regression model identified two significant predictors of a positive experience with the Cadetship Program. Medical students who perceived financial support as beneficial were significantly more likely to report a satisfactory program experience (aOR = 6.22, 95% CI: 1.36–28.44, p = 0.019) than those who perceived financial support as not beneficial. Similarly, those who valued networking opportunities were more likely to have a positive view of their cadetship experience (aOR = 10.06, 95% CI: 1.11–91.06, p = 0.040) than their counterparts.

Conclusion

Our study found that students who valued financial support and networking opportunities had the most positive views of the Cadetship Program. These findings demonstrate that the Cadetship Program may be most helpful for those who need financial support and for students who seek networking opportunities. These findings increase our knowledge about the characteristics of medical students who have the most positive experiences with the Cadetship Program. They help us to understand the mechanisms of influence of such programs on individuals’ decisions to be part of the future rural health workforce.
A survey-based study: assessing inpatient attending perspectives on teaching learners, feeling valued, and symptoms of burnout
Authors: Lippert William C. , L. McCutcheon Jessica , B. Russell Gregory , J. Singhel Kenneth , M. Rinaldi Christina , Menon Suma , A. Chevli Parag , D. Lippert Jacqueline , H. Ip Edward , Huang Chi-Cheng
Published: July 2024

Background

Physician burnout is rising, especially among academic physicians facing pressures to increase their clinical workload, lead administrative tasks and committees, and be active in research. There is a concern this could have downstream effects on learners’ experiences and academic physician’s ability to teach learners on the team.

Methods

A 29-question RedCap survey was electronically distributed to 54 attending physicians within an academic learning health system who oversaw the General Medicine inpatient teaching services during the 2022–2023 academic year. The aims were to assess this cohort of attending physicians’ experiences, attitudes, and perceptions on their ability to effectively teach learners on the team, feeling valued, contributors to work-life balance and symptoms of burnout, Fisher’s Exact Tests were used for data analysis.

Results

Response rate was 56%. Attendings splitting time 50% inpatient / 50% outpatient felt that team size and type of admissions model affected their ability to effectively teach learners (p = 0.022 and p = 0.049). Attendings with protected administrative time felt that non-patient care obligations affected their ability to effectively teach the learners (p = 0.019). Male attendings and attendings with ≤ 5 years of General Medicine inpatient teaching experience felt less valued by residency leadership (p = 0.019 and p = 0.026). 80% of attendings experienced emotional exhaustion, and those with > 10 weeks on a General Medicine inpatient teaching service were more likely to experience emotional exhaustion (p = 0.041). Attendings with > 10 weeks on a General Medicine inpatient teaching service and those who were a primary caregiver were more likely to experience depersonalization (p = 0.012 and p = 0.031). 57% of attendings had reduced personal achievement.

Conclusions

Institutions should seek an individual and organizational approach to professional fulfillment. Special attention to these certain groups is warranted to understand how they can be better supported. Further research, such as with focus groups, is needed to address these challenges.
Burnout and predictive factors among medical students: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Boone Anke , Menouni Aziza , Korachi Imane Bensouda , Nejjari Chakib , Khalis Mohamed , Jaafari Samir El , Godderis Lode
Published: July 2024

Background

Burnout is a growing problem in medical education, and is usually characterised by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy. Currently, the majority of burnout studies have been conducted in western high-income countries, overshadowing findings from low- and middle-income countries. Our objective is to investigate burnout and its associated predictive factors in Morocco, aiming to guide intervention strategies, while also assessing differences between the preclinical and clinical years.

Methods

A cross-sectional, self-administered online survey assessing burnout dimensions and its main determinants was distributed among medical students at Université Mohammed VI des Sciences et de la Santé (UM6SS, Casablanca, Morocco). Descriptive analyses involved computing mean scores, standard deviations and Pearson correlations. Further, t-tests were performed to check for significant differences in burnout dimensions across the preclinical and clinical learning phase, and stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted using a backward elimination method to estimate the effects of the selected variables on the three burnout dimensions.

Results

A t-test assessing the difference in cynicism found a significant difference between students at the preclinical phase and the clinical phase, t(90) = -2.5, p = 0.01. For emotional exhaustion and reduced professional efficacy no significant difference was observed. A linear regression analysis showed that emotional exhaustion was significantly predicted by workload, work-home conflict, social support from peers and neuroticism. Cynicism was predicted by the learning phase, workload, meaningfulness and neuroticism; and reduced professional efficacy by neuroticism only.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a potential gradual increase in cynicism during medical education in Morocco. Conducting this study in a low- and middle income country has enhanced the scientific understanding of burnout in these regions. Given the identified predictive factors for burnout, such as workload, work-home conflict, support from peers, neuroticism, and meaningfulness, it is necessary to focus on these elements when developing burnout interventions.