bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapports d’âge et vulnérabilités aux violences. Le cas des hommes ayant subi des violences sexuelles dans l’enfance
Authors: Wicky Lucie
Published: July 2023

En s’appuyant sur l’analyse quantitative de l’enquête Virage et des entretiens biographiques réalisés avec certains répondants, cet article explore les rapports d’âge qui s’exercent lorsque les garçons subissent des violences sexuelles avant 18 ans. Les situations de violence illustrent la domination d’hommes adultes ou plus âgés, qui bénéficient des différences statutaires liées à l’âge et du pouvoir lié à la différence de position dans le parcours de vie par rapport aux garçons. Ces rapports de force s’inscrivent dans des structures familiales et sociales qui favorisent l’exercice des violences, leur maintien et le silence qui les entoure. L’article montre ainsi que les rapports d’âge sont multidimensionnels, s’imbriquent avec les rapports de genre et favorisent les violences et la silenciation des garçons qui les subissent. Ils constituent des facteurs de vulnérabilité pour les garçons qui font l’expérience de violences sexuelles dans l’enfance.
The Work-Life Dynamics Cultural Impact
Authors: Príncipe Joanne
Published: July 2023

This chapter explores the benefits of leveraging strategic tactics incorporating holistic approaches throughout cross-functional ecosystems with a deep dive into core work-life dynamics associated with organizational effectiveness, culture transformations, and change leadership aspects impacting the organizational development (OD) discipline evolution. Businesses today are consistently undergoing rapid change, triggered by the current volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) post-pandemic state of the world. To enhance organizational efficiencies and effectiveness, astute leaders have found it imperative to align long-term evidenced-based scientific OD strategies with measurable people management and business outcomes. The key concepts in this chapter will inform best practices, deepen awareness at all levels, and establish appreciation for holistic leadership mindsets, which can address challenges such as internal aspects of employee disengagement and external aspects of customer or stakeholder dissatisfaction.
Institutionalized Organizational Internal, Environmental, and Interacting Variables and Perspectives
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interacting internal and environmental variables of an institutionalized organizational perspective. It departs from the assumption that the institutional analysis of the interacting relations between the internal and environmental variables are critical to explain the coevolution development of organizations. The method employed originated in the conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature review as the basis for the application of meta-cognitive and meta-analytical methods. The analysis concludes that the interactions between the internal and environmental variables using the institutional theory makes relevant contributions to the organizational studies.
Breast Cancer
Authors: Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo , Sule Oluwakemi Blessing
Published: July 2023

Background:

After puberty, breast cancer affects women of all ages in different regions of the world that cause a significant threat to public health. Its treatment is likely to be successful if it is discovered early.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to see how well undergraduate students at Achievers University know, feel about, and practice breast self-examination (BSE).

Materials and Methods:

Convenience sampling was used to choose the sample size (n = 333) for a descriptive cross-sectional study that lasted from September 2022 to December 2022. Statistical Package Service Software (SPSS) version 23.0 was used to evaluate the data by employing tables, percentages, and Chi-square test statistics were used at the 0.05 level of significance.

Results:

With a mean age of 20.1 years, 73.3% of the 333 female nursing students were between the ages of 19 and 21. The majority of respondents (95.8%) had a positive attitude and a solid understanding of BSE. In addition, this study demonstrates a strong correlation (χ2 = 38.10, df = 8, and P > 0.001) between knowledge of BSE and level of education. However, there is no correlation (χ2 = 9.76, df = I, and P = 0.08) between respondents’ level of BSE knowledge and practice.

Conclusions:

The study’s findings showed that there is low BSE practice; thus, we recommend putting more of an emphasis on health education.
Program Evaluation in the Field of Medical Education
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: July 2023

Program evaluation is a must for medical education programs and requires the involvement of all the concerned stakeholders. It is important to note that the general aim behind any educational program is to look for a change, and thus, program evaluation should look to identify whether the change has occurred or not. In fact, a systematically performed program evaluation provides the organizers with the desired evidence about the quality of the program, accountability, and its sustainability. In conclusion, the program evaluation in the field of medical education is a vital cog in the entire cycle of development and implementation. Thus, it is extremely important to give due attention to the evaluation component and develop the framework for the same right at the time of the planning phase of the program.
Self-Care Practices in Diabetes
Authors: Saibindu Bhuswami , Nirupama A. Y. , Gaurang Aniruddh , Chaudhuri Sirshendu , Agiwal Varun
Published: July 2023

Background:

Self-care practices in diabetes are deemed as one of the mainstays of management, but often poorly practiced by people with diabetes.

Aim:

The study describes self-care practices among adult diabetics registered with a primary health-care setup.

Methods:

This was a community-based cross-sectional study based out of the Ramaiahguda primary health center in Vikarabad town of Telangana. Informed consent was taken from all participants before the commencement of the study. All eligible candidates were approached for the study. The seven domains of the “American Association of Diabetes Educators measures of outcome” were taken as the base for assessment of self-care practices among the participants.

Results:

The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the 155 study participants was 50.8 years (SD 12.4 years). Among the various components of self-care, drug adherence, glucose monitoring, and diet modifications were regular as per the advice. Comparatively, healthy coping, risk reduction, and problem solving are the areas where the participants had a major scope to improve. The median self-care score of the participants was 15.25 (interquartile range 14.5–16.25) ranging from 0.25 to 18.0. 86 (55.5%) participants had good self-care scores, and 69 (44.5%) participants had moderate self-care scores.

Conclusions:

The observations from our study point toward a lack of understanding and in-depth evaluation of the effectiveness of diabetic self-care practices, which may in turn be one of the factors affecting compliance to such practices among the diseased population.
Rapid antigen swab: a promising tool in scaling up coronavirus disease 2019 detection in a variety of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations?
Authors: Zamzam Mohammed A , Eldahdouh Samy S , Faheem Mostafa O , Abdel Tawab Asmaa M
Published: July 2023

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe infectious disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Regarding the ongoing spread of COVID-19 in Egypt, this study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of rapid COVID antigen swab in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 and discuss the pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms of COVID-19.

Patients and methods

This is a cross-sectional study performed on 447 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the chest out-patient clinic or Department of Chest and ICU in Menoufia University Hospital during the period from July 2021 to March 2022. Detailed history, full laboratory data, high-resolution computed tomography, and rapid antigen swab were obtained.

Results

A total of 447 patients were included in this study. They were classified into two groups: group 1 included 105 patients with pulmonary symptoms and group 2 included 342 patients with extrapulmonary symptoms in the absence or presence of pulmonary symptoms. The current study showed a sensitivity of 88.6% and specificity of 100% regarding the rapid antigen swab in diagnosing COVID-19. Regarding the extrapulmonary symptoms, muscle ache was the most common symptom in 52% of the patients followed by loss of taste and smell in 39.8% of patients.

Conclusion

Rapid antigen tests are practical, are reliable, provide fast results (~15 min), and are cheap diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity for COVID-19.

Moreover, it showed a wide range of extrapulmonary symptoms of COVID-19, and every symptom revealed should be suspected and investigated.
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with lone atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yousef Aida M , Abdelsalam Magda , El Dosky Aboshehata Mohamed , El Dosky Heba , Arafa Sherif
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in patients having lone atrial fibrillation (AF).

Patients and methods

Fifty patients with lone AF were referred to our sleep unit from the Department of Cardiology at the University Hospital. Lone AF was defined as AF in patients without cardiac structural abnormality and less than 60 years of age.

All patients were subjected to a detailed history with stress on the number and date of documented episodes of AF and how it was terminated, OSA symptoms (excessive daytime sleepiness, witnessed apnea, loud habitual snoring, and nocturnal choking), and OSA screening questionnaires. ENT and cardiac examination by a specialist was done.

Full-night attended polysomnography was performed on full night.

Results

The median apnea–hypopnea index in the studied group was 10.8 (range, 0.4–69.4). There were 21 (42.0%) non-OSA patients, while there were 29 (58%) OSA patients. There were eight (27.6%) mild OSA patients. Moderate OSA patients were 10 (34.5%). Severe OSA patients were 11 (37.9%). Median of the frequency of AF episodes in the last 1 year was significantly higher in the OSA group than in the normal group (P=0.01). No significant difference was present between both groups as regards the number of nocturnal arrhythmias not related to respiratory events. The frequency of paroxysmal AF episodes during the last year shows a significant positive correlation with severity of OSA, desaturation index, and total arousal index.

Conclusion

The results of our study support our hypothesis that OSA is a risk factor for AF. We should investigate patients with lone AF for the possibility of OSA.
Peripheral blood eosinophil count as a biomarker of exacerbation in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outpatients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Safwat Tarek , El-Sheikh Mohammed , El-Sayed Amira Ali , Abd-Elsattar Dalia
Published: July 2023

Background

Peripheral blood eosinophil count is liable to many factors and has variability over time. There are few studies on the association between the rise of blood eosinophils and the exacerbation incidence in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The association between the rise of blood eosinophils and the rate of exacerbation in stable COPD patients is controversial.

Objective

To study the relationship between the count of eosinophils in the peripheral blood and the incidence of COPD exacerbation in stable patients.

Patients and methods

This prospective inquiry was done on 46 patients diagnosed as suffering from stable COPD ‘on the report of the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) guidelines’ attending Ain Shams University hospital outpatient clinic.

Results

Forty-six stable COPD patients were classified into two groups (groups A and B) based on their median eosinophilic count of ‘250 cell/μl.’ Patients with high eosinophil count ‘group A’ (>250 cell/μl) had a significantly higher incidence of exacerbations (P=0.003), with a relative risk ratio of 2.77, as well as a higher number of exacerbations per patient (two exacerbations/patient) versus one exacerbation/three patients (P<0.001), and a shorter period to the first exacerbation (17 vs. 31 days) (P=0.024), compared with those with low eosinophil count ‘group B (≤250 cell/μl)’ during the study period. On the contrary, there was no significant difference between them in the incidence of pneumonia in relation to inhaled corticosteroid use.

Conclusion

The count of eosinophils in the peripheral blood is a reliable exacerbation biomarker in stable COPD patients.
Analgesia and sedation strategy for mechanically ventilated patients in the respiratory ICU
Authors: El Embaby Dalia A E S , Azab Mai S , Shalaby Heba M
Published: July 2023

Background

Mechanical ventilation is typically required for ICU patients as part of their care. This recommends the use of analgesia and sedation in a balanced strategy to alter patients’ comfort and assist synchronization with mechanical ventilation while avoiding the downsides of excessive sedation.

Objective

The aim of the study was to compare between deep sedation and light sedation, analgesia, and no sedation strategies and their effects on the length of mechanical ventilation, and their effects on patients’ prognosis.

Patients and methods

This cohort prospective pilot study was conducted at the medical respiratory ICU at Ain Shams University Hospital in Cairo, Egypt, on 54 patients separated into four groups according to the type of sedation and analgesia suited for each patient’s severity condition.

Results

In this study, 54 mechanically ventilated patients in respiratory ICU were recruited. The patients were divided into group 1: no sedation or analgesia, group 2: analgesia only, group 3: light sedation, and group 4: deep sedation. There was a significant difference in Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score and severity%, although the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score and severity % were the highest in group 1 (25.53, 55.11%) and group 4 (23.40, 47.68%), but the prognosis was poorer in group 4 and was affected by deep sedation (100% death rate) than that in group 1 (60.0%). The average infusion rate of fentanyl and the total dose were significantly different between groups, the highest being in the deep sedation group. ICU length of stay was nonsignificant between groups but it was lower in group 4 (median: 9 days) than other groups. The average rate of dormicum infusion in the deep sedation group was 5 µg, while there was no daily vacation period; so, it can be explained that higher doses of sedation and analgesia in group 4 affected their prognosis to be poorer than other groups. Delirium occurred in 80% of group 4 patients, but only in 6.7% of subgroups, indicating a highly significant difference. Complications either metabolic, cardiac, or hematologic in the postextubation period were higher in group 4 (60%), than in group 1 (47.7%), group 2 (40%), and group 3 (15%).

Conclusion

Light sedation and analgesia strategies with daily sedation interruption would have a better survival outcome and cause fewer issues in patients, who were on mechanical ventilation than a heavy sedation approach.
Effect of physiotherapy and its frequency on the outcome of COVID-19 patients regarding acute care setting at isolation unit of Ain Shams University
Authors: El-Bably Mona M , Galal Ahmed M M , Rafat Riham Hazem , El Rehem Samia M Abd
Published: July 2023

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a new strain of coronavirus that started in 2019 and causes a pandemic disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present report result was 80% of cases are asymptomatic or mild; 15% of cases are severe; and 5% are critical needing ICU and mechanical ventilation. Physiotherapy (PT) provides airway clearance techniques and improves physical fitness.

Aim

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of PT and the frequency of PT session on the outcome of patients with COVID-19 infection at an isolation unit of Ain Shams University.

Patients and methods

This is randomized controlled clinical trial that was applied on 264 confirmed adult patients with COVID-19, who were admitted to isolation units at Ain Shams University Hospitals over 6 months since March 2021 with 134 females and 130 males in the age range from 31 to 82 years. The breathing method was room air, oxygen mask and nasal cannula, HFNC, and ventilated patients (both invasive and noninvasive). The patients were divided randomly into two groups: one group received two sessions of PT per day and the other group received one session of PT per day.

Results

The patients were divided clinically into mild, moderate, severe, and severe-critical patients. In mild cases, the range of incentive spirometer (ml) after one daily PT became 2300–2800 ml, and for twice daily PT it became 2300–3300 ml with highly statistical difference (P=0.005) before and after one or two PT sessions. Regarding 6-min walking test (m) the range became 420–740 m for one PT session per day and 420–880 m for two PT sessions per day with significant statistical difference (P=0.010). In moderate cases, the SPO2 (%) became 88–98% after one daily PT session and 90–98% after twice daily PT sessions with significant statistical differences between the one and two PT (P=0.032) sessions. Regarding the incentive spirometer (ml) at the moderate group, after one daily PT session it became 1200–2500 ml and for twice daily PT it became 1500–2500 ml with significant statistical differences between one and two PT sessions (P=0.032).

Conclusion

Patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 infection had significant improvement in SPO2 (oxygen saturation), dyspnea scale, and incentive spirometer after receiving two daily sessions of PT compared with patients who received one daily PT session. There was no difference in both groups for severe and severe-critical cases.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response Following COVID-19 Vaccination, a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Chavhan Smita Santosh , Dhikale Prasad Tukaram , Adsul Balkrishna B. , Gokhale Chinmay N. , Ingale Aniket R. , Pawar Pradnya N. , Jadhav Nilam
Published: July 2023

Background:

The objective was studying the antibody response following immunization with COVID-19 vaccines.

Material and Methods:

It was a longitudinal study of healthcare workers (HCWs). Two groups were taken, Group 1 had taken first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, at least 3 weeks have passed. Group 2 had taken two doses of COVID-19 vaccine and at least 2 weeks have passed. A quantitative test for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was done. Follow-up of both groups was done after 3 months of collection of the first sample.

Results:

The antibody titre of the 57 HCWs in Group 1, decreased significantly 125 days after the first dose [median = 2,013 U/ml] as compared to the titre 30 days after the first dose of Covishield vaccine[median = 9,965.26 U/ml]. The median interval between two doses of vaccine was 34 days. In Group 2, the antibody titre of the 60 HCWs in Group 2, decreased significantly 114 days after second dose[median = 1,411 U/ml] as compared to the titre 19.5 days after second dose of Covishield vaccine [median = 2,377.5]. There was no significant difference in the antibody titre in follow-up samples of HCWs with and without side effects.

Conclusion:

The antibody titre decreases after 13 to 17 weeks post the second dose of Covishield vaccination. The decision of the Government of India to increase the interval between two doses of Covishield is justified. Low antibody titre can be the reason for breakthrough infections. The antibody titre was not related to side effects post-vaccination.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia among the Tribal Residential Adolescent School Students of Odisha: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sahoo Jyotiranjan , Mohanty Smaraki , Gupta Sandhya , Panigrahi Sandeep K. , Mohanty Sambedana , Prasad Deepa , Epari Venkatarao
Published: July 2023

Background:

Globally, anemia is one of the biggest public health challenges. The highest prevalence of anemia is seen among adolescents. Tribal communities are especially at a disadvantage, with several studies documenting a high prevalence of anemia among tribal adolescents. We investigated the prevalence of anemia and its associated risk factors among the tribal residential adolescent school students in Odisha.

Material and Methods:

In a cross-sectional survey, the prevalence of anemia was estimated by spectrophotometry among adolescents of residential schools in three predominantly tribal districts of Odisha. The severity of anemia was defined as per the World Health Organization classification for adolescents.

Results:

The mean age of 953 subjects was 13.07 ± 1.48 years. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 37.3%. As per the World Health Organization classification, 19.9% had mild anemia, 16.3% had moderate, and 1% had severe anemia. Consumption of Iron Folic Acid (IFA) was associated with the level of hemoglobin at a statistically significant level.

Conclusion:

We found that the prevalence of anemia was lower than in similar studies conducted in other parts of the country. Despite poor coverage of beneficiaries with iron and folic acid at the national level, our study showed better compliance and was associated with a significantly higher level of hemoglobin among those who consumed IFA.
Impact of Educational Intervention in Reducing the Weight of School Bags in Selected School Children
Authors: Meenakshi  , Saini Sushma K. , Bharti Bhavneet , Gopinathan Nirmal R. , Kavita
Published: July 2023

Background:

To assess the effectiveness of educational intervention to reduce the weight of school bags.

Material and Methods:

The study design was one group pre- and posttest experimental Research design.

Place and Duration of Study:

Government Senior Secondary School Dhanas, Chandigarh, and Shri Guru Harkrishan Model Senior Secondary School Sector-38D, Chandigarh (A private school) between July and November 2018. Names of the schools can be avoided. Total 760 students from selected sections nursery to 10th class of school were enrolled in the study. At baseline and end line weight of children, school bags and its content were weighed using weighing scale. Length of bag strap, breath of bag, torso of children, and their shoulders size were measured by measuring tape. Bag carrying style, posture, etc., were observed by observation checklist. Interviewed children (5th to 10th class) were using Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire for musculoskeletal system assessment. Educational intervention was provided to the children for one month to reduce weight of school bag by teaching in assembly and displaying the charts in school. (Use of softbound thin textbooks, breaking thin books in 2–3 thin softbound books, use lightweight bag, pencil box, lunch box, and water bottles. Pack bag as per timetable.)

Result:

The result revealed that heavy school bags were carrying 69.7% children from government school and 80.2% from private school. Children carrying heavy bags reported musculoskeletal problems 5 times higher than their counterparts. After intervention, there was significant reduction in the weight of school bags (P < 0.001 as per paired t-test). Provide the weight of the bags before and after intervention in addition to the P value.

Conclusion:

Children carrying heavy bags were suffering from musculoskeletal problems. Intervention helped in reducing the weight of school bag.
Self-medication Practices of the Rural Community People: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Thenmozhi B , Sharmil S Hepsibah
Published: July 2023

Background:

Self-medication is the practice of taking medicines without a physician’s advice, and it has become more common in developing nations. The root cause could be anything from a shortage of physicians to financial factors. However, most people are not aware of the ill effects and drug reactions brought on by self-medication. This research aimed to find out the prevalence, frequency, common complaints, primary sources, and regular medicines utilized for self-medication, which are the goal of this study.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the rural community people in Keezhur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India. A group of 253 participants were selected using a random sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The gathered information was coded and examined.

Results:

Self-medication was common in 60.5% of people, and 46.6% of them frequently utilize analgesics. The most frequent condition for which people used self-medication was headache (30.4%). The practice was significantly correlated with the younger age group and the level of education.

Conclusion:

Self-medication is harmful to one’s health and is widespread in the research group’s region. To reduce the practice of self-medication, general people should get sufficient health education.
Management of scorpion bite through Ayurveda: A case report
Authors: Deepthi M. K. , Deepak A. S.
Published: July 2023

Agadatantra, the branch of toxicology in Ayurveda, refers to various methods of eliminating toxins from the body that arises from animate, inanimate, and artificial poisons. Scorpion stings are a serious health concern in rural areas. In Agadatantra, the symptoms of scorpion sting are explained under Vrischika visha (~scorpion venom poisoning). The main characteristics of scorpion venom poisoning are Vahnivat dahanam (~burning sensation like fire), Kshipram urdhvarohanam (~quick spreading in an upward direction), Danshe ruja tishthati (~pain remains at bite site), Sadyah ati ruk (~instant severe pain), Danshashyavata (~brownish discoloration of bite site), and Dansha toda (~ pricking type of pain at bite site). This is a case report of a 24-year-old male, who had an episode of Vrischika damsha (~scorpion bite) and presented to the outpatient department with complaints of severe edema, pain and redness, and itching. The first line of management for scorpion stings is typically symptomatic including strong analgesics, which can be systemic (opiates or paracetamol) or localized (such as a cold compress). Antivenom is the specific treatment for scorpion envenomation that is used in conjunction with supportive measures. In Ayurveda classics, Hinguadi gulika is one of the formulations mentioned in Vrischikavisha prakarana, which has been referred to as the most potent Lepana (~anointment) for scorpion venom poisoning. In comparison to existing conventional treatment modalities, Hinguadi gulika lepana is a very simple and very cost-effective procedure. Hinguadi gulika was given in combination with Kulakadi kashaya which is widely practiced in all Visha (~poison) conditions. In the present case, Hinguadi gulika and Kulakadi kashayam have shown assuring results in the management of acute scorpion envenomation.
Ayurvedic modalities in the management of Koshta-Shakhashrita kamala (~hemolytic jaundice): A case report
Authors: Varsakiya Jitendrakumar Nathabhai , Goyal Mandip , Kathad Divyarani , Kumari Ritu
Published: July 2023

Hemolytic jaundice, also known as prehepatic jaundice, is hyperbilirubinemia when the total bilirubin level exceeds 3.0 mg/dL. A 27-year-old male patient with features of jaundice, including yellowish discoloration of the eyes, weakness, fatigue, difficulty in breathing, decreased appetite, irritability, and reddish-yellow discoloration of urine, was managed with Mridu virechana (~mild therapeutic purgation) and Ayurvedic medications, namely. Gomutra haritaki (5 g) with Navayasa loha (500 mg) twice daily. Complete blood count and liver function tests were considered for the diagnostic changes in the clinical features and biomarkers, namely, hemoglobin, total red blood cells, total bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin were considered criteria for the assessment of the outcome of the therapeutic intervention. The total duration of treatment was one month, and follow-up was done for six weeks. No complications or recurrences were noticed during the period. This case report illustrates the utility of Ayurvedic modalities in managing hemolytic jaundice.
Rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis in settings of COVID-19 infection: A case series of thirteen patients
Authors: Verma Rajesh , Chakraborty Rajarshi , Keerthiraj D. B. , Pal Uma S
Published: July 2023

Rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an important infectious disease encountered in large numbers in this recent post-COVID-19 era. An alteration in the defense immune system during COVID-19 illness; in the presence of uncontrolled hyperglycemia has led to the new epidemic of ROCM, especially in developing nations such as India. This case series of thirteen patients illustrates the various clinical presentations, laboratory parameters, imaging features and outcomes of patients with ROCM admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. In our case series, a total of 13 newly diagnosed cases of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis were studied. A history of COVID-19 illness was observed in seven cases (53.8%) with a mean duration of mucormycosis after 25 ± 3.6 days, the use of steroids during COVID-19 illness was seen in 5 cases (38.5%), and oxygen therapy was given in 4 cases (30.8%). A comorbid state in the form of diabetes mellitus was present in 12 cases (92.3%) with a mean duration of 16.69 months, with an important finding of seven cases (53.85%) having new-onset diabetes; hypertension was present in three cases (23.1%). Magnetic resonance imaging of paranasal sinuses showed involvement of multiple sinuses in all 13 cases (100%), including maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses, with frontal involvement in 12 cases (92.3%), sphenoidal involvement in 11 cases (84.6%), symmetric involvement in 9 cases (69.2%), mastoiditis in four cases (30.8%), maxillary space involvement in four cases (30.8%), and palatal involvement in one case (7.7%). On statistical analysis, there was a significant association of new-onset diabetes, optic neuropathy and high C reactive protein with blindness (P-value < 0.05) in our study. However, there were no statistically significant association for the involvement of nervous system in our study. Multispecialty approach treatment was given in the liposomal amphotericin B therapy in all the patients along with thorough endo-nasal debridement done in all cases, transcutaneous retrobulbar amphotericin B in six cases (46.2%) with exenteration done in seven patients (53.9%). At 3 months of follow-up, there was substantial clinical improvement in all cases. There should be definite emphasis on high suspicion of mucor clinically for early diagnosis and aggressive management at the initial state of diagnosis for better outcomes. The need for sustained proper glycemic control during the COVID-19 era along with judicious use of steroids and public awareness of early symptoms and manifestations of mucor can curb the magnitude of such potentially opportunistic epidemics to a substantial rate. New-onset diabetes mellitus, optic neuropathy and high C reactive protein (>50 mg/L) showed statistically significant association with blindness. The longer the infection remains undetected, the greater the devastation ROCM can impose, of which blindness is an important hazard.
Alveolar ridge preservation: A review of concepts and controversies
Authors: Quisiguiña Salem Cinthya , Ruiz Delgado Emilio , Crespo Reinoso Pablo A. , Robalino James Jerez
Published: July 2023

The loss of thickness and height of the alveolar process after tooth extraction is a significant impediment to implant placement, which limits the aesthetic results of many restorative treatments. Alveolar ridge preservation can reduce bone resorption. Knowing how beneficial this procedure is can help clinicians decide if it is worth doing. The purpose of this article is to present a contemporary review of the different approaches to preserving the dimensions of the alveolar ridge. We analyze the alveolar healing process, atraumatic extraction techniques, graft materials, and controversies.
CT-based retrospective cohort study for the evaluation of mandibular condylar dimensions – A pilot study
Authors: Kolte Vrinda Sunil , Shenoi Ramakrishna S. , Dhok Avinash
Published: July 2023

Background:

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a unique structure of the body where the mandible, one of the important facial bones, articulates with the temporal part of the skull bone. Obtaining morphometric dimensions for mandibular condyle is important for performing an accurate pre/postoperative assessment, planning temporomandibular and orthognathic surgeries, and applications in forensic sciences in context to the Indian population, which is presently based on dimensions of Caucasian population from available literature. Several investigators noticed the variation in the craniofacial morphology in different ethnic groups and vary according to age and sex. This study aims to provide the normal dimensions of the mandibular condyle in the Indian population, which would be providing racially specific values for diagnosis, treatment planning of surgeries involving condylar processes such as rigid internal fixation of TMJ region, congenital deformities, and customizing TMJ prosthesis concerning these measurements.

Aim of the Study:

To measure the change in dimensions of mandibular condyle according to age and sex using computed topographic scan imaging.

Objectives of the Study:

1. To measure the dimensions of mandibular condyle. 2. To evaluate any age-related changes in dimensions. of mandibular condyle (intercohort comparison). 3. To evaluate any sex-related changes in dimensions of mandibular condyle (intercohort comparison).

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analytical cohort study.

Inclusion Criteria:

Indian adult males and females aged between 20 and 50 years who underwent facial computed tomography (CT) for any reason (e.g., head injury).

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients with congenital or acquired dentofacial deformities involving TMJ.

Data Collection:

By assessing the morphometric dimensions of condyle of mandible using CT scan images.

Result/Conclusion:

Mean condylar dimensions for each age/sex cohort are established; however, no significant change as per age and sex in condylar dimensions in the Indian population is noted.
Clinicopathological profile of post-COVID-19 mucormycosis cases: A report from a tertiary care center
Authors: Kaushik Nupur , Rani Deepa , Agarwal Pooja , Kumar Harendra , Kumar Lalit , Singh Akhil Pratap
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Mucormycosis is a fatal fungal infection, which is rare but commonly affects immunocompromised patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who were immunocompromised, due to comorbid conditions, such as hematological malignancy and diabetes mellitus (DM), and patients on immunosuppressive therapy such as steroid therapy were the important host for mucormycosis infection.

Aim:

This study aimed to study the clinicopathological correlation of mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients.

Material and Methods:

The study was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, over four months from April 2021 to July 2021, and clinically diagnosed mucormycosis cases were included in this study. Clinical details, histology slides, and blocks were reviewed, and the data were analyzed. Three- to four-micrometer sections were taken from the blocks and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and two more slides were made for each case for periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) staining.

Result:

In this study, the maximum cases were above the fifth decade of life. Males were more commonly affected than females with a male-to-female ratio of 2.09:1. Of the total of 65 cases, 46 (70.77%) cases were positive for mucormycosis and 19 (29.23%) cases were negative on histopathological examination and special stain PAS and GMS. A significant correlation was found between mucormycosis-positive cases on steroid therapy and oxygen supply during the treatment for COVID-19 with P- values of 0.001 and 0.027, respectively.

Conclusion:

For COVID-19 patients with altered glycemic control, receiving steroid therapy and oxygen supply poses a significant threat to the development of mucormycosis.
Oral rhabdomyosarcoma of mandibular region: A case report
Authors: Batra Sakshi , Srivastava Adit , Singh Akhilesh K. , Krishnan Aswathi
Published: July 2023

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal cells, showing varying degrees of striated muscle cell differentiation. The most common sites of occurrence are the head and neck (40%), genitourinary tract (25%), and extremities (20%). Rhabdomyosarcoma is anatomically divided into two categories including parameningeal and nonparameningeal. It predominantly occurs in children while rarely found in adults, and involvement of the oral cavity accounts for only 10%–20% of all head and neck cases. The present case is of oral rhabdomyosarcoma of a 27-year-old woman, involving the mandibular region and demonstrates its clinical, radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical findings.
A remark on the logarithmic decay of the damped wave and Schrödinger equations on a compact Riemannian manifold
Authors: Burq Nicolas , Moyano Iván
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we consider a compact Riemannian manifold

(M,g)

of class

C^1 \cap W^{2,\infty}

and the damped wave or Schrödinger equations on

M

, under the action of a damping function

a = a(x)

. We establish the following fact: if the measure of the set

\{ x \in M; \, a(x) \not = 0 \}

is strictly positive, then the decay in time of the associated energy is at least logarithmic.
Type 2 diabetes and thyroid cancer: Synergized risk with rising air pollution
Authors: Kruger Eva M , Shehata Shaimaa A , Toraih Eman A , Abdelghany Ahmed A , Fawzy Manal S
Published: July 2023

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings. Simultaneously, there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus. However, use of novel antidiabetic therapies is limited because of major market access challenges in resource limited settings. Niching products to those patients with the highest absolute risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and thus most likely to benefit from the therapy, are less likely to have negative budget impact for funders. To improve access, and reduce morbidity and mortality, requires alignment amongst key stakeholders including patient advocacy groups, health care professional councils, national departments of health, the pharmaceutical industry, treasury and finance departments.
Association between cardiorespiratory fitness level and insulin resistance in adolescents with various obesity categories
Authors: La Grasta Sabolic Lavinia , Pozgaj Sepec Marija , Valent Moric Bernardica , Cigrovski Berkovic Maja
Published: July 2023

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings. Simultaneously, there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus. However, use of novel antidiabetic therapies is limited because of major market access challenges in resource limited settings. Niching products to those patients with the highest absolute risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and thus most likely to benefit from the therapy, are less likely to have negative budget impact for funders. To improve access, and reduce morbidity and mortality, requires alignment amongst key stakeholders including patient advocacy groups, health care professional councils, national departments of health, the pharmaceutical industry, treasury and finance departments.
Novel insights regarding the role of noncoding RNAs in diabetes
Authors: Macvanin Mirjana T , Gluvic Zoran , Bajic Vladan , Isenovic Esma R
Published: July 2023

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings. Simultaneously, there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus. However, use of novel antidiabetic therapies is limited because of major market access challenges in resource limited settings. Niching products to those patients with the highest absolute risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and thus most likely to benefit from the therapy, are less likely to have negative budget impact for funders. To improve access, and reduce morbidity and mortality, requires alignment amongst key stakeholders including patient advocacy groups, health care professional councils, national departments of health, the pharmaceutical industry, treasury and finance departments.
Safety Requirements for Procurement, Maintenance, and Use of Handheld Powered Tools
Authors:   EG-1B1 Power Tools - Productivity, Ergonomics and Safety
Published: July 2023

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers the requirements and technical guidance for evaluation of life-cycle cost, productivity, and safety/health factors related to power hand tool selection. It applies approaches to selection of quieter and lower vibration handheld powered tools, with optimal ergonomic features, for the prevention of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), hearing loss, and repetitive motion injuries. Equipment selection for control of physical safety and electrical safety hazards are essential components of a tool safety program. It suggests use of noise and vibration data provided by vendors to be verified and supplemented by information available through the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and European Union (EU) databases.

This AS has been updated to better address physical safety hazards. An appendix (APPENDIX D) on dust control has been included. A supporting SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR6916) has been developed to facilitate use of the standard’s approach by industrial users who require a terse guide, but may not need the level of technical detail required by the SAE standard process.

Inclusion/exclusion of data in this document is not intended to imply that all the products described herein are the only production models that meet this standard. Consumers are requested to consult with manufacturers concerning lists of stock production models that meet this standard.

Guidance for selection, procurement, and maintenance of power hand tools should be one component of management processes supporting productivity, reliability, and product quality while safeguarding the safety and health of employees. Workplace design, procurement of safest available products, and periodic evaluation is integral to risk/cost management and promotion of personnel morale and efficient operations. An ergonomics program should be an integral part of occupational health and management systems, such as those outlined in ANSI Z10.0-2019.
Digital opportunities to ensure the transparency of financial rela-tions in entrepreneurship
Authors:   Sumy State University, Zakharkinа Liudmyla
Published: July 2023

Digitalization of the economy opens up new opportunities and prospects for business. The use of digital technologies allows business entities to reduce costs, increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the enterprise, to produce new types of goods, occupying certain niches in the market of digital goods and services. Along with the prospects, there are also new problems associated not only with the search for investments, but also with the formation of new com-petencies of small business entities that allow them to successfully navigate the conditions of digital transformation. In addition, the use of digital technologies leads to increased competition not only from domestic, but also from foreign market participants.
DOLOMITIZATION AND POROSITY EVALUATION OF HURMALA FORMATION, GARA ANTICLINE, DOHUK AREA, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ
Authors: Barzani Ashti T. , Al-Qayim Basim
Published: July 2023

The Khurmala Formation (Late Paleocene – Early Eocene) is well exposed at the southern limb of Gara mountain, Dohuk area, Kurdistan Region of north Iraq. The thickness of the Formation is 91 m and generally consists of buff to grey, medium to thick-bedded stromatolitic dolostone alternating with thin beds of buff to dark gray shale or marlstone. Shale interlayers increased in thickness upwards. The studied section has been divided into three units based on shale ratio. The focus of this study is to investigate the type and origin of the dolomite and its impact on the porosity using field observation, petrologic and petrographic investigations with SEM microscopy. The common dolomite types include (1) Unimodal, cryptocrystalline to fine crystalline dolomite of nonplanar mosaic. This type is associated with the relics of the stromatolites and commonly recognized in the upper part. (2) Unimodal fine to medium crystalline, planar-e to Planar-s dolomite mosaic, which is associated with dolomite horizons showing ghosts or relics of benthic foraminifera, algae, ostracods and other bioclasts. The other types are less common and include (3) Porphorotopic dolomite and (4) Bimodal medium to fine, planer-e to planar-s dolomite mosaic. The latter is associated with dolostone horizons display important moldic and vug porosity. Molds, vugs and intercrystalline porosity are noticed in all types but with variable percentages. Fenestral porosity is common in the stromatolitic dolomite of type one. The vertical distribution of the different type of dolomite and its porosities indicate cyclic alternation of the studied Khurmala section which implies effective eustatic control on deposition and dolomite diagenesis. The dolomitization resulted from a possible combined effect of seawater refluxion and sabkha evaporation mechanisms.