bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Look at our Colonial Struggles’: Ernest Jones and the Anti-Colonialist Challenge to Marx’s Conception of History
Authors: Drapeau Thierry
Published: November 2017

This article seeks to restore the influential role of the Chartist activist, writer and poet, Ernest Jones (1819–1869), on Marx’s shift toward a multilinear conception of history in the early 1850s. Living in exile in London, Marx developed a close and long-lasting friendship and intellectual partnership with Jones, and actively contributed to his Chartist weeklies, Notes to the People (1851–1852) and the People’s Paper (1852–1858), during which he was directly exposed to, and thus influenced by, Jones’ anti-colonialist outlook. Based on circumstantial and cross-textual evidence, this article shows that starting in 1853 Marx appears to have drawn insights from Jones’ writings as he was changing his views on the progressiveness of Western colonialism, particularly the British kind in India. Seemingly imbued with the radical intellectual environment in which he gravitated in London, Marx followed his Chartist comrade and converged increasingly toward a similar anti-colonialist position, thus breaking with the Eurocentric, unilinear framework of historical development that characterized The Communist Manifesto (1848). Recovering the impact that Jones had on Marx’s intellectual trajectory in the 1850s brings to the fore the contribution of English radical politics in the early development of Marxism, especially as regard to the nexus between anti-colonialism and world revolution.
‘No ordinary crowd’: Foregrounding a ‘hooligan schema’ in the construction of witness narratives following the Hillsborough football stadium disaster
Authors: Canning Patricia
Published: November 2017

This article examines the linguistic appropriation and deflection of blame in the witness testimonies and evidence-gathering processes of the South Yorkshire Police (SYP) following the 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster. It specifically focuses on patterns of stylistic features, such as negation and syntactic foregrounding, which, it is argued, function to encode alternative institutionally congruent stories. It employs schema theory to explore how a ‘hooligan’ narrative was readily invoked and accepted by the SYP. Moreover, it addresses instances of both self-incrimination and the upgrading of police efficacy within statements produced by the South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service (SYMAS), and offers a linguistic analysis that points to police involvement in the construction of the SYMAS testimonies.
Double-loop PI controller design of the DC-DC boost converter with a proposed approach for calculation of the controller parameters
Authors: Özdemir Ayhan , Erdem Zekiye
Published: November 2017

Parameters of digital proportional–integral/proportional–integral–derivative controllers are usually calculated using commonly known conventional methods or solution of discrete-time equations. In literature, a model-based compact form formulation for calculation of discrete-time proportional–integral/proportional–integral–derivative controller parameters has not been come across yet. The proposed model-based compact form formulations are introduced to calculate the proportional–integral parameters in discrete time as a new approach. Generally, different types of control techniques are chosen in similar studies for double-loop control for direct current–direct current boost converter control except proportional–integral/proportional–integral. In this study, double-loop proportional–integral controller is used as a different control method from literature. By this way, the most important advantages of the proposed study are to reduce different design methods to a unique proportional–integral design method and shorten all calculations. The accuracy of the double-loop proportional–integral controller’s parameters calculated using the model-based compact form formulations is validated both in simulation and experimental studies under various disturbance effects. Satisfactory performance of the proposed controller under model uncertainty and other cases are comparatively shown with the predefined performance criteria.
Parameter identification of modified Bouc–Wen model and analysis of size effect of magnetorheological dampers
Authors: Peng Yongbo , Yang Jinggui , Li Jie
Published: November 2017

Magnetorheological damper is one of the most promising smart devices for vibration mitigation of structures subjected to dynamic loads. In order to fulfill the value of magnetorheological damping control, a feasible mechanical model of magnetorheological dampers with simplicity and sufficient accuracy is usually required in practice. It comes up, however, with a challenging issue for the modeling of large-size magnetorheological dampers due to physical constraints on the performance test. The large-size magnetorheological damper is typically modeled in up-scaling parameters associated with models of the small-size magnetorheological damper. This treatment remains open since a size effect hinges upon the intrinsic non-linearity inherent in the device. In this article, a dynamic test of a small-size magnetorheological damper is performed first. The relevance of damper force with the input current and excitation frequency is well revealed. The modified Bouc–Wen model is employed to logically represent the dynamic behaviors of magnetorheological dampers. Identification of model parameters in typical loading cases is then proceeded, of which the functional relationship against input current is established. The size effect of magnetorheological dampers is further addressed through investigating the functional relationship relevant to maximum outputs of 200, 10, and 5 kN. It is indicated that the small-size magnetorheological damper needs more number of control parameters than the large-size magnetorheological damper. Moreover, a linear current relevance of model parameters appears in the small-size magnetorheological damper, while a quadratic current relevance of model parameters appears in the large-size magnetorheological damper. Size effect of magnetorheological dampers arises to be well-marked in the range of low current and becomes unapparent in the range of high current. Besides, the validation of modified Bouc–Wen model is carried out that reveals the applicability of the model with case-optimized parameters.
Brachistochronic motion of a nonholonomic variable-mass mechanical system in general force fields
Authors: Jeremić Bojan , Radulović Radoslav , Obradović Aleksandar , Šalinić Slaviša , Dražić Milan
Published: November 2017

In this paper, the brachistochronic motion of a mechanical system composed of variable-mass particles is analysed. Workless (ideal) holonomic and linear nonholonomic constraints are imposed on the system. It is assumed that the system moves in an arbitrary field of known potential and nonpotential forces with prescribed both laws of the time-rate of mass variation of the particles and relative velocities of the expelled (or gained) masses. The first time-derivatives of quasi-velocities are taken as control variables. Using Pontryagin’s maximum principle and singular optimal control theory, the problem of brachistochronic motion of the nonholonomic variable-mass mechanical system is solved as a two-point boundary value problem. In addition, a discussion about the realization of control forces is given. The results are illustrated via an example.
Effect of bariatric surgery on diabetic nephropathy in obese type 2 diabetes patients in a retrospective 2-year study: A local pilot
Authors: Chao Anthony TL , Chee Fang Sum , Lam Benjamin CC , Cheng Anton KS , Low Serena KM , Su Chi Lim
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To determine the effects of bariatric surgery on albuminuria in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

Retrospective analyses of clinical records of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had either micro- or macroalbuminuria and had undergone various bariatric surgery were retrieved from a local hospital database. Their clinical data from follow-up appointments including albuminuria were analysed.

Results:

Of the 46 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 15 subjects had diabetic nephropathy and had pre- and post-bariatric surgery urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio or urine protein-to-creatinine ratio data available for analysis; 13 out of the 15 subjects (86.7%) showed improvement of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio or urine protein-to-creatinine ratio after surgery; 2 showed equivocal results; 9 of 13 subjects (69.2%) showed remission of diabetic nephropathy; 7 of these 9 patients had microalbuminuria before surgery, 2 had macroalbuminuria before surgery. There were significant improvements to glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure and body weight post surgery. The usage of insulin and oral medications dropped significantly post surgery for all subjects.

Conclusion:

This study shows that bariatric surgery significantly improves diabetic nephropathy in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. The results suggest that in our local type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, it is possible not only to improve metabolic parameters, but also to reverse what may be considered established microvascular complications by means of bariatric surgery.
Culture and discourse structure: A comparative study of Dutch and Iranian news texts
Authors: Rafiee Afrooz , Spooren Wilbert , Sanders José
Published: November 2017

Many studies of structure in present-day Western news texts have shown that the dominant structure is the inverted pyramid, even if the use of a chronological narrative structure is acknowledged. However, the relevant literature has exclusively investigated Western news texts. In this study, we challenge the dominance of the inverted news structure by including a non-Western and less-investigated culture and ask whether textual structure of news texts can differ between cultural contexts. In total, 100 crime news texts from national Iranian and Dutch newspapers were analyzed for both the overall text and the journalists’ statements. Those texts that showed a hybrid structure (combining inverted pyramid and chronology) were subsequently studied qualitatively to understand how chronology is applied in them. News texts from the two cultures were significantly different in their structure. Qualitative analysis of the journalistic statements uncovered a quotation-based structure, a way of news writing in Iranian journalistic statements in which the journalist mainly narrates reporting eventualities that are new to Western eyes. The study offers implications for further ethnography of news and communication, suggesting that the role, pattern and effects of (journalistic) communication can be culture-specific.
Psychometric properties of the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire–adjuvant endocrine therapy (BMQ-AET) for women taking AETs following early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Brett Jo , Hulbert-Williams Nick J , Fenlon Deborah , Boulton Mary , Walter Fiona M , Donnelly Peter , Lavery Bernadette , Morgan Adrienne , Morris Carolyn , Horne Rob , Watson Eila
Published: November 2017

This study evaluated the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire to explore adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy after treatment for breast cancer (BMQ-AET). Factor structure of the BMQ-AET was explored alongside internal consistency, convergent validity and acceptability. The BMQ-AET Specific Scale fitted the original 10 item model. Internal consistency of the BMQ-AET was much improved compared to the original BMQ and convergent validity showed predicted direction of correlation, although correlation with BMQ-AET concerns scale was low. Acceptability was good. The evaluation of the BMQ-AET is encouraging, and could facilitate future research around adherence to AET.
Innate transcriptional effects by adjuvants on the magnitude, quality, and durability of HIV envelope responses in NHPs
Authors: Francica Joseph R. , Zak Daniel E. , Linde Caitlyn , Siena Emilio , Johnson Carrie , Juraska Michal , Yates Nicole L. , Gunn Bronwyn , De Gregorio Ennio , Flynn Barbara J. , Valiante Nicholas M. , Malyala Padma , Barnett Susan W. , Sarkar Pampi , Singh Manmohan , Jain Siddhartha , Ackerman Margaret , Alam Munir , Ferrari Guido , Salazar Andres , Tomaras Georgia D. , O’Hagan Derek T. , Aderem Alan , Alter Galit , Seder Robert A.
Published: November 2017

Key Points

TLR4 and 7 agonists improve titers when coformulated with alum but not an emulsion formulation, but do not impact the titer half-lives. Alum/TLR7 and pIC:LC are potent adjuvant formulations that improve the magnitude and quality of humoral and cellular responses to HIV Env.
Intensive care unit patients with lower respiratory tract nosocomial infections: the ENIRRIs project
Authors: De Pascale Gennaro , Ranzani Otavio T. , Nseir Saad , Chastre Jean , Welte Tobias , Antonelli Massimo , Navalesi Paolo , Garofalo Eugenio , Bruni Andrea , Coelho Luis Miguel , Skoczynski Szymon , Longhini Federico , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Grimaldi David , Salzer Helmut J.F. , Lange Christoph , Froes Filipe , Artigas Antoni , Díaz Emili , Vallés Jordi , Rodríguez Alejandro , Panigada Mauro , Comellini Vittoria , Fasano Luca , Soave Paolo M. , Spinazzola Giorgia , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Alvarez-Lerma Francisco , Marin Judith , Masclans Joan Ramon , Chiumello Davide , Pezzi Angelo , Schultz Marcus , Mohamed Hafiz , Van Der Eerden Menno , Hoek Roger A.S. , Gommers D.A.M.P.J. , Pasquale Marta Di , Civljak Rok , Kutleša Marko , Bassetti Matteo , Dimopoulos George , Nava Stefano , Rios Fernando , Zampieri Fernando G. , Povoa Pedro , Bos Lieuwe D. , Aliberti Stefano , Torres Antoni , Martín-Loeches Ignacio
Published: November 2017

The clinical course of intensive care unit (ICU) patients may be complicated by a large spectrum of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), defined by specific epidemiological, clinical and microbiological aspects.

A European network for ICU-related respiratory infections (ENIRRIs), supported by the European Respiratory Society, has been recently established, with the aim at studying all respiratory tract infective episodes except community-acquired ones. A multicentre, observational study is in progress, enrolling more than 1000 patients fulfilling the clinical, biochemical and radiological findings consistent with a LRTI. This article describes the methodology of this study. A specific interest is the clinical impact of non-ICU-acquired nosocomial pneumonia requiring ICU admission, non-ventilator-associated LRTIs occurring in the ICU, and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis. The clinical meaning of microbiologically negative infectious episodes and specific details on antibiotic administration modalities, dosages and duration are also highlighted. Recently released guidelines address many unresolved questions which might be answered by such large-scale observational investigations. In light of the paucity of data regarding such topics, new interesting information is expected to be obtained from our network research activities, contributing to optimisation of care for critically ill patients in the ICU.
Reducing Maternal Mortality in Papua New Guinea: Contextualizing Access to Safe Surgery and Anesthesia
Authors: Dennis Alicia T.
Published: November 2017

Papua New Guinea has one of the world’s highest maternal mortality rates with approximately 215 women dying per 100,000 live births. The sustainable development goals outline key priority areas for achieving a reduction in maternal mortality including a focus on universal health coverage with safe surgery and anesthesia for all pregnant women. This narrative review addresses the issue of reducing maternal mortality in Papua New Guinea by contextualizing the need for safe obstetric surgery and anesthesia within a structure of enabling environments at key times in a woman’s life. The 3 pillars of enabling environments are as follows: a stable humanitarian government; a safe, secure, and clean environment; and a strong health system. Key times, and their associated specific issues, in a woman’s life include prepregnancy, antenatal, birth and the postpartum period, childhood, adolescence and young womanhood, and the postchildbearing years.
Two-Year Follow-up Survey: Views of US Anesthesiologists About Health Care Costs and Future Practice Roles
Authors: Raphael Darren R. , Tran Paulina T. , Kain Zeev N. , Rinehart Joseph B.
Published: November 2017

Anesthesiologists’ perspectives on US health care finance reform are increasingly germane to recent policy reforms. The aim of this follow-up survey was to examine how anesthesiologists’ views of health care costs and future practice roles have changed since 2014. Six thousand randomly chosen active members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists were again surveyed and were also asked several new questions regarding specialties and perioperative management. Results showed an increase in self-reported understanding of the perioperative surgical home. Government, insurance companies, and pharmaceutical companies saw an increase in perceived “major responsibility” for cost reduction. Respondents vastly preferred that patient care under the perioperative surgical home be multidisciplinary.
Oxycodone Ingestion Patterns in Acute Fracture Pain With Digital Pills
Authors: Chai Peter R. , Carreiro Stephanie , Innes Brendan J. , Chapman Brittany , Schreiber Kristin L. , Edwards Robert R. , Carrico Adam W. , Boyer Edward W.
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:

Opioid analgesics are commonly prescribed on an as-needed (PRN) basis for acute painful conditions. Uncertainty of how patients actually take PRN opioids, coupled with a desire to completely cover pain, leads to variable and overly generous opioid prescribing practices, resulting in a surplus of opioids. This opioid surplus becomes a source for diversion and nonmedical opioid use. Understanding patterns of actual opioid ingestion after acute painful conditions can help clinicians counsel patients on safe opioid use, and allow timely recognition and intervention when escalating opioid self-dosing occurs, to prevent tolerance and addiction.

METHODS:

We used a novel oxycodone digital pill system (ingestible biosensor within a standard gelatin capsule combined with 5-mg oxycodone) that when ingested, is activated by the chloride ion gradient in the stomach thereby emitting a radiofrequency signal captured by a wearable reader. The reader relays ingestion data to a cloud-based server that displays ingestion events to the study team. We deployed the oxycodone digital pill among opioid-naive individuals discharged from the emergency department with acute fracture pain. Participants were trained on digital pill operation and discharged with twenty-one 5-mg oxycodone digital pills. They were instructed to take digital pills PRN for pain on discharge. We conducted a brief interview 7 days after study enrollment, at which point participants returned the digital pill system. We identified oxycodone ingestion events in real time by data from the digital pill system and performed pill counts at the return visit to validate digital pill reporting of medication ingestion.

RESULTS:

In this study, 26 individuals were approached; 16 enrolled with 15 completing the study. Participants ingested a median of 6 (3–9.5) oxycodone digital pills over the course of 7 days, with 82% of the oxycodone dose ingested in the first 3 days. In individuals who required operative repair, 86% (N = 6) continued to ingest opioids at 1 week. There was substantial variability in ingestion patterns between individuals.

CONCLUSIONS:

The utilization patterns of individuals with acute fracture pain could be captured using a digital pill system and revealed a median opioid ingestion of 45-mg morphine equivalents for acute pain over 7 days. Seven participants ceased using opioids within 4 days after discharge from the emergency department, although operative repair was associated with longer use. This digital pill system was able to measure changes in and patterns of opioid self-dosing, which varied between patients.
Using Integrative Medicine in Pain Management: An Evaluation of Current Evidence
Authors: Lin Yuan-Chi , Wan Limeng , Jamison Robert N.
Published: November 2017

Complementary medicine therapies are frequently used to treat pain conditions such as headaches and neck, back, and joint pain. Chronic pain, described as pain lasting longer than 3–6 months, can be a debilitating condition that has a significant socioeconomic impact. Pharmacologic approaches are often used for alleviating chronic pain, but recently there has been a reluctance to prescribe opioids for chronic noncancer pain because of concerns about tolerance, dependence, and addiction. As a result, there has been increased interest in integrative medicine strategies to help manage pain and to reduce reliance on prescription opioids to manage pain. This article offers a brief critical review of integrative medical therapies used to treat chronic pain, including nutritional supplements, yoga, relaxation, tai chi, massage, spinal manipulation, and acupuncture. The goal of this article is to identify those treatments that show evidence of efficacy and to identify gaps in the literature where additional studies and controlled trials are needed. An electronic search of the databases of PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Science Citation Index Expanded was conducted. Overall, weak positive evidence was found for yoga, relaxation, tai chi, massage, and manipulation. Strong evidence for acupuncture as a complementary treatment for chronic pain that has been shown to decrease the usage of opioids was found. Few studies were found in which integrative medicine approaches were used to address opioid misuse and abuse among chronic pain patients. Additional controlled trials to address the use of integrative medicine approaches in pain management are needed.
Opioid Prescribing for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Children on Hospital Discharge
Authors: Monitto Constance L. , Hsu Aaron , Gao Shuna , Vozzo Paul T. , Park Paul S. , Roter Deborah , Yenokyan Gayane , White Elizabeth D. , Kattail Deepa , Edgeworth Amy E. , Vasquenza Kelly J. , Atwater Sara E. , Shay Joanne E. , George Jessica A. , Vickers Barbara A. , Kost-Byerly Sabine , Lee Benjamin H. , Yaster Myron
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:

The epidemic of nonmedical use of prescription opioids has been fueled by the availability of legitimately prescribed unconsumed opioids. The aim of this study was to better understand the contribution of prescriptions written for pediatric patients to this problem by quantifying how much opioid is dispensed and consumed to manage pain after hospital discharge, and whether leftover opioid is appropriately disposed of. Our secondary aim was to explore the association of patient factors with opioid dispensing, consumption, and medication remaining on completion of therapy.

METHODS:

Using a scripted 10-minute interview, parents of 343 pediatric inpatients (98% postoperative) treated at a university children’s hospital were questioned within 48 hours and 10 to 14 days after discharge to determine amount of opioid prescribed and consumed, duration of treatment, and disposition of unconsumed opioid. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine predictors of opioid prescribing, consumption, and doses remaining.

RESULTS:

Median number of opioid doses dispensed was 43 (interquartile range, 30–85 doses), and median duration of therapy was 4 days (interquartile range, 1–8 days). Children who underwent orthopedic or Nuss surgery consumed 25.42 (95% confidence interval, 19.16–31.68) more doses than those who underwent other types of surgery (P < .001), and number of doses consumed was positively associated with higher discharge pain scores (P = .032). Overall, 58% (95% confidence interval, 54%–63%) of doses dispensed were not consumed, and the strongest predictor of number of doses remaining was doses dispensed (P < .001). Nineteen percent of families were informed how to dispose of leftover opioid, but only 4% (8 of 211) did so.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pediatric providers frequently prescribed more opioid than needed to treat pain. This unconsumed opioid may contribute to the epidemic of nonmedical use of prescription opioids. Our findings underscore the need for further research to develop evidence-based opioid prescribing guidelines for physicians treating acute pain in children.
Lung Isolation in the Patient With a Difficult Airway
Authors: Collins Stephen R. , Titus Brian J. , Campos Javier H. , Blank Randal S.
Published: November 2017

One-lung ventilation is routinely used to facilitate exposure for thoracic surgical procedures and can be achieved via several lung isolation techniques. The optimal method for lung isolation depends on a number of factors that include (1) the indication for lung isolation, (2) anatomic features of the upper and lower airway, (3) availability of equipment and devices, and (4) the anesthesiologist’s proficiency and preferences. Though double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs) are most commonly utilized to achieve lung isolation, the use of endobronchial blockers offer advantages in patients with challenging airway anatomy. Anesthesiologists should be familiar with existing alternatives to the DLT for lung isolation and alternative techniques for DLT placement in the patient with a difficult airway. Newer technologies such as videolaryngoscopy with or without adjunctive fiberoptic bronchoscopy may facilitate intubation and lung isolation in difficult airway management.
Alkalinized Lidocaine Preloaded Endotracheal Tube Cuffs Reduce Emergence Cough After Brief Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Nath Papu , Williams Stephan , Herrera Méndez Luis Fernando , Massicotte Nathalie , Girard François , Ruel Monique
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:

Alkalinized lidocaine in the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff decreases the incidence of cough and throat pain on emergence after surgery lasting more than 2 hours. However, alkalinized lidocaine needs 60–120 minutes to cross the ETT cuff membrane; therefore, its usefulness in shorter duration surgery is unknown. This prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial tested the hypothesis that alkalinized lidocaine would reduce the incidence of emergence cough after surgeries lasting <120 minutes.

METHODS:

After local ethics board approval, American Society of Anesthesiologists I–III patients consented to be randomized into 1 of 2 groups receiving either alkalinized lidocaine (group AL) or saline (group S) to inflate the ETT cuff. Cuffs were prefilled >90 minutes before intubation with either 2 mL of 2% lidocaine and 8 mL of 8.4% bicarbonate (group AL) or 10 mL of normal saline (group S). Cuffs were emptied immediately before intubation. After intubation, either 2 mL of 2% lidocaine (AL) or 2 mL of saline (S) were injected into the cuff. Additional 8.4% bicarbonate (AL) or saline (S) was injected into the cuff until there was no air leak. Anesthesia was maintained using desflurane, rocuronium, and either fentanyl or sufentanil to maintain vital signs within 20% of baseline values. Opioids administered in prophylaxis of extubation cough were proscribed. A standardized “no touch” emergence technique was used. A blinded assessor noted any cough above 0.2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of expired desflurane. At 0.2 MAC, once every 30 seconds, the patient was instructed to open his eyes and extubation occurred once a directed response was noted.

RESULTS:

A total of 213 patients were randomized and 100 patients in each group completed the experimental protocol. The incidence of extubation cough in group AL was 12%, significantly lower (1-sided P = .045) than the 22% incidence in group S. The 1-tailed risk ratio for cough in group AL was 0.55 (0–0.94, P = .045). Total amount of opioids administered (P = .194), ETT cuff preloading times (P = .259), and extubation times (P = .331) were not significantly different between groups. The average duration of surgery was 59 ± 28 minutes in group AL and 52 ± 29 minutes in group S (P = .057).

CONCLUSIONS:

Alkalinized lidocaine in the ETT cuff significantly decreased general anesthesia emergence cough after surgeries with an average duration of slightly <1 hour.
Diverse parenting goals and community music in early childhood
Authors: Young Susan
Published: November 2017

My aim in this article is to look at how one aspect of English policy converts into practice in a community music project designed for under-3-year-olds with their mothers. The study that informs the discussion in this article takes a case study approach, focusing on one musician and the once-weekly music sessions that he provided for a group of Somali-born mothers and their children. The article explores how neoliberal policies have resulted in early childhood music work in the community framed by an interventionist agenda; however, in the case that is the focus of this article, we will see how the use of music as parenting intervention failed. I suggest why this might be so, explaining how diverse parenting goals result in varying parenting practices. Finally, I suggest a return to a ‘critical’ community music aligned more with the original aims of the community music movement in the United Kingdom.
Through a baby’s ears: Musical interactions in a family community
Authors: Costa-Giomi Eugenia , Benetti Lucia
Published: November 2017

We studied how the members of a family with three young children made and shared music with each other and the ways in which musical interactions supported their sense of community. We collected data by recording the soundscape of the family from the vantage point of 15-month-old Travis continuously for almost twelve hours per day for two days. We identified the following four musical behaviours corresponding to Wood and Judikis’ four elements of community: (1) Common purpose and mutual responsibility; (2) Acknowledgement of connectedness; (3) Respect for individual differences; (4) Commitment to the well-being of the members and the integrity of the group. The results of this case study based on behavioural data gathered in the family home show the effectiveness of music in fostering communication, expressing emotional connectedness, and enriching the daily life of parents and children.
Creating ties of intimacy through music: The case study of a family as a community music experience
Authors: Calì Claudia
Published: November 2017

This article examines and documents the musical life of a family with an 8-year-old child as resembling the concept, the intentions and practices of community music. Through the analysis of semi-structured interviews, sharing of musical artefacts, and written documentations of their daily musical encounters, I seek to provide insights into the functions of music as a means for building community, affective bonding and a sense of shared identity, drawing from Higgins the three broad perspectives through which community music is conceptualized. For the Beckett-Limas, an ethnically diverse family living in New York, music represented an adaptation tool in their living in various countries around the world, and sustained their transitions to different cultures, jobs, climates and communities, strengthening their relationships through moments of informal, spontaneous and communal musical interactions. Looking at family through the lens of community music reveals the extent to which music draws people together and promotes individual and collective well-being.
Musical concerts for young children in Greece
Authors: Dionyssiou Zoe , Fytika Athina
Published: November 2017

Music concerts for young children is a field of experimentation for many artistic institutions that aim to lead young audiences to rich musical experiences. This research project involved a series of concerts designed for young children from six months to six years old. The concerts were offered by the Music Department of Ionian University in Corfu city, Greece. The overall design and organization of the project aimed to offer an alternative and informal recital environment, so that young children and their parents could express their natural reactions towards music. Different layers of behaviour and reactions were observed and analysed, such as interactions among children, children and parents, children and musicians, and children and music.
Children with Williams syndrome make music: A community-based care model in the Czech Republic
Authors: Mastnak Wolfgang , Neuwirthová Anna
Published: November 2017

The Williams syndrome (WS) is a multifactorial genetic disorder that results from a deletion on location 7q11.23 and is characterized by a broad spectrum of pathological features. The strong affinity of affected individuals to music inspires promising therapeutic and community-based activities with instruments and the voice. Children with WS display an extraordinarily creative behaviour and have an eyecatching, outgoing personality. On the basis of a short review of research dedicated to music processing and music-associated benefits in WS, this article presents community-based music therapeutic approaches in Prague/Czech Republic. Taking sociocultural aspects of acculturation into account, it also discusses the multifaceted role of music therapists. Professional community music (CM) practice with WS encompasses manifold benefits such as social inclusion, developmental progress and personal growth, reduction of symptom-associated weakness, and subjective wellbeing through cultural participation.
Book Review
Authors: Waters Heather D.
Published: November 2017

Contesting Early Childhood: Listening to Children: Being and Becoming, Bronwyn Davies (2014) Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 121 pp., ISBN: 9781138780880 (Paperback, $53.95), ISBN: 9781315770390, e-book

Through illuminating stories from Reggio Emilia-inspired preschools, and connections to philosophy and literature, Davies encourages the practice of active, emergent listening, eloquently guiding the reader towards a deeper understanding of our relationships in and to the world. By encouraging openness to the not-yet-known, Davies potentially opens up new ways of thinking about children, communities, and ourselves.
Shanghai: gueto e diáspora: documentário, ficção e testemunho
Authors: Fux Jacques , Santos Darlan Roberto dos
Published: November 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a forma cinematográfica, artística e testemunhal dos filmes Shanghai Ghetto e Exil Shanghai. Apesar de ambos partirem dos testemunhos de ex‑ habitantes da comunidade judaica de Shanghai, a construção desses filmes/ documentários apresenta diversas nuances e trata diretamente com a questão artística e memorialística da representação limitada do testemunho na contemporaneidade.
Lusofonia em perspectiva: panlusitanismo, lusobrasileirismo e lusotropicalismo
Authors: Skolaude Mateus Silva , Paredes Marçal de Menezes
Published: November 2017

Neste artigo circunscrevemos três conceitos debatidos na perspectiva lusófona e que foram propagados entre as décadas de 1930 e 1950. O panlusitanismo do Boletim da Sociedade Luso‑Africana do Rio de Janeiro que buscava a difusão ideológica das tradições lusitanas e a exaltação do vasto império colonial; o lusobrasileirismo do intelectual português Nuno Simões que defendia uma aproximação cultural fundamentada nos laços de sangue, língua e história, bem como o lusotropicalismo do ensaísta brasileiro Gilberto Freyre, que postulava uma singular capacidade de colonização dos portugueses, por conta da miscigenação e da adapção aos trópicos. Ao compreender a lusofonia enquanto perspectiva discursiva de matriz cultural, toma‑se com especial interesse a configuração de escala do panlusitanismo, do lusobrasileirismo e do lusotropicalismo, ao passo que a questão central a ser analisada diz respeito a historicidade dos discursos políticos e as redes intelectuais articuladas em torno deles.
Sobre a utilidade da teoria na historiografia: mobilidade de conceitos e história comparada dos regimes políticos no século XX
Authors: Nunes João Paulo Avelãs
Published: November 2017

Procurando contrariar uma tendência de hostilidade ao debate teórico que, em parte, marcaria a historiografia em geral e a historiografia portuguesa em particular, reflete‑se, neste texto, sobre o modo como os paradigmas epistemológicos vigentes ao longo da época contemporânea influenciaram as diversas correntes historiográficas; acerca das características da historiografia enquanto ciência e das características das tecnologias derivadas da historiografia; sobre as vantagens de se utilizarem conceitos teóricos, quer para interpretar a evolução da regionalidade política em Portugal e no Brasil ao longo do século XX, quer para comparar essas duas com outras experiências históricas nacionais. Quanto aos fenómenos políticos propriamente ditos, defende‑se a operatividade de uma tipologia de regimes – das monarquias absolutas de direito divino e carácter corporativo às democracias – que permitirá abarcar o essencial das realidades empíricas ocorridas ao longo da época contemporânea, tanto em Portugal e no Brasil (na Europa do Sul e na América Latina em geral), como à escala global. Evocam‑se, ainda, categorias teóricas potenciadoras da análise, por um lado, dos níveis de privação de direitos de participação política efetiva tendo em conta critérios de natureza étnica e/ ou religiosa; por outro, do modo como foram sendo configurados os sistemas de relações internacionais nos quais Portugal e o Brasil estiveram ou estão integrados.
[Recensão a] Margarita Torremocha Hernández y Alberto Corada Alonso (editores), La mujer en la balanza de la justicia (Castilla y Portugal, siglos XVII y XVIII)
Authors: Rey Castelao Ofelia
Published: November 2017

https://doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_48_14
[Recensão a] Maria Marta Lobo de Araújo, Oração, penitência e trabalho. O Recolhimento de Santa Maria Madalena e São Gonzalo de Braga (1729‑1834)
Authors: Rey Castelao Ofelia
Published: November 2017

https://doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_48_15
[Recensão a] Rubén Castro Redondo, Entre colmos, rebolas e dobres varas de medir: conflitos por medidas na Galicia moderna (séculos XVI-XIX)
Authors: Sixto Barcia Ana
Published: November 2017

https://doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_48_17
[Recensão a] Giuseppe Marcocci e José Pedro Paiva, História da Inquisição Portuguesa 1536-1821
Authors: Voss Rita Ribeiro
Published: November 2017

https://doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_48_19
[Recensão a] Eugénia Rodrigues, Portugueses e Africanos nos Rios de Sena: os Prazos da Coroa em Moçambique nos Séculos XVII e XVIII
Authors: Barbosa José Luís dos Santos
Published: November 2017

https://doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_48_21
Refugiados em Portugal: fronteira e vigilância no tempo da Guerra Civil de Espanha (1936‑1939)
Authors: Faria Fábio Alexandre
Published: November 2017

Em contexto de ditadura, instituída oficialmente em 1933, regime autoritário e receoso do contacto com o exterior, o poder viu-se confrontado com a entrada massiva de refugiados, consequência da Guerra Civil de Espanha (1936-1939) e da II Guerra Mundial (1939-1945). Com o início da Guerra Civil em Espanha, a 18 de julho de 1936, milhares de espanhóis, civis e militares, republicanos e franquistas, tentaram abandonar o país receando os perigos decorrentes do conflito. Portugal, pela sua proximidade geográfica, foi um país especialmente procurado pelos foragidos espanhóis como lugar de refúgio. Dada a na tur e z a do r egime , foi prioridade controlar e vigiar a entrada destes estrangeiros no país. Com esse objetivo, os postos fronteiriços de vigilância foram reforçados, especialmente nos primeiros meses do conflito espanhol, e estreitou-se a colaboração entre as diversas forças policiais portuguesas. Não obstante estas medidas, muitos espanhóis passaram a fronteira portuguesa clandestinamente e refugiaram-se no país, contando com o auxílio de portugueses e de outros espanhóis residentes em Portugal. Explora-se, neste artigo, a presença destes refugiados em Portugal e dá-se particular destaque à vigilância das fronteiras e às operações policiais desenvolvidas na região norte do país nos primeiros meses da Guerra Civil de Espanha, no sentido de controlar este fluxo.
Migrações e exílios: identidades e nacionalismo
Authors: Paulo Heloísa
Published: November 2017

Uma das marcas do século XX foi a ascensão de regimes autoritários que reelaboraram os ideais de Nação e cidadania e deram origem a novas levas de exilados, fruto de perseguições políticas. A necessidade de suporte internacional destes regimes, como o fascista ou o Salazarista, fê‑los buscar apoios nas suas comunidades no exterior, redefinindo, na ótica do regime, a condição do emigrante. Em contrapartida, aos exilados é‑lhes é retirada a cidadania e a condição de pertença ao novo recorte da “Nação”. O artigo pretende uma análise sumária de como os conceitos de cidadania e de nacionalismo são empregues no Portugal de Salazar, considerando o caso dos emigrantes e dos exilados portugueses no Brasil.
Causas do êxodo das minorias brancas da África Portuguesa: Angola e Moçambique (1974/1975)
Authors: Pimenta Fernando Tavares
Published: November 2017

Neste artigo analisamos as causas do êxodo das minorias brancas de Angola e de Moçambique durante o processo de descolonização português. O nosso objetivo é compreender o contexto histórico e político que enformou o êxodo dessas populações e, muito especialmente, demonstrar as razões que determinaram a fuga de cerca de meio milhão de colonos brancos para Portugal. Demonstramos assim que o êxodo da população branca foi o resultado de um conjunto de condicionantes – entre as quais a violência racial – e de opções políticas que não tiveram em devida consideração as especificidades sociais e culturais dessa população que, pela sua condição de estrato colonizador, não se situava no mesmo plano político da maioria colonizada.
A comunidade portuguesa de Macau: integração e (re)construção identitária na história recente
Authors: Branco Inês
Published: November 2017

Este artigo tem como foco a comunidade portuguesa de Macau e procura perceber como se integra atualmente na região, tendo em conta dois acontecimentos marcantes na história recente. Um, na região de acolhimento – a entrega do território à República Popular da China, em 1999; outro, no país de origem – a crise económica iniciada em 2008. Recorrendo a 24 entrevistas em profundidade com posterior análise de conteúdo, o objetivo é fazer, por um lado, uma reflexão sobre o processo migratório que leva novos imigrantes a Macau e que faz regressar ao território outros que já ali tinham vivido. Por outro, entender como se redefine identitariamente uma comunidade em mudança num território que procura, também ele, uma nova identidade.
Passado, presente e futuro da mobilidade no vale do Tua: (séculos XIX a XXI)
Authors: Pereira Hugo Silveira
Published: November 2017

Ao longo de mais de 200 anos, o vale do Tua conheceu diversas evoluções no seu sistema de mobilidade, desde os primitivos carros de bois e barcas de passagem até ao advento do caminho‑de‑ferro e ao desenvolvimento da locomoção automóvel. Cada uma desses progressos teve determinadas características e respondeu a objetivos ou necessidades diferentes, de acordo com as circunstâncias do momento. Neste artigo analisaremos esta evolução descrevendo os meios e as formas de mobilidade e seus desenvolvimentos, ilustrando, sempre que possível, as tendências de transporte que justificaram o nascimento de novas formas de mobilidade e o ocaso e eventual renascimento de outras. Esperamos com este estudo contribuir para o debate sobre a mobilidade em zonas periféricas no longo prazo, demonstrando em específico como certas formas de mobilidade passaram dum serviço quotidiano para um serviço turístico ou de apoio ao património industrial/paisagístico local. Para tal recorremos a fontes quantitativas e qualitativas e ainda a um amplo leque de bibliografia recente sobre este assunto.
Portuguese complementary education in the United Kingdom
Authors: Marques Pedro
Published: November 2017

Uma das manifestações mais visíveis do ensino da língua portuguesa no Reino Unido, o Ensino Português no Estrangeiro, resulta da imigração portuguesa entre os anos 60 do século XX e a atualidade, realidade que adquiriu uma nova expressão com a chegada de imigrantes brasileiros entre 1990 e a primeira década de 2000. As aulas de língua portuguesa nasceram como uma iniciativa de base comunitária, promovidas por pais e associações de imigrantes e marcadas por uma política de manutenção de língua. Ainda antes da revolução de 1974, o governo português assumiu a organização dos cursos, tendo a expansão da rede de apoio às comunidades diaspóricas acontecido no período pós‑revolucionário. Na viragem para o século XXI, a rede teve de se adaptar a novos discursos políticos e legislativos. Especialmente após o período entre 2006 e 2009, momento em que os cursos transitaram para a tutela do Instituto Camões, a língua portuguesa adquiriu um novo papel, o de recurso económico num mundo globalizado. No seio da comunidade, a aprendizagem de português passou a ser encarada como um investimento em capital cultural e educativo.
LAND USE ANALYSIS USING TIME SERIES OF VEGETATION INDEX DERIVED FROM SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING IN BRANTAS RIVER WATERSHED, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Yoshino Kunihiko , Setiawan Yudi , Shima Eikichi
Published: November 2017

In this study, time series datasets of MODIS EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) data from 2002 and 2011 in the Brantas River watershed located in eastern Java, Indonesia were analyzed and classified to make ten land use maps for each year, in order to support watershed land use planning which takes into account local land use and trends in land use change. These land use maps with eight types of main land use categories were examined. During the 10 years period, forested area has expanded, while upland, paddy rice field, mixed garden and plantation have decreased. One of the reasons for this land use change is ascribed to tree planting under the joint forest management system by local people and the state forest corporation.
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPROACHES TO A QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION RISK IN SERANG WATERSHED, KULONPROGO, INDONESIA
Authors: Arif Nursida , Danoedoro Projo , Hartono Hartono
Published: November 2017

This research aims to determine the risk of soil erosion qualitatively by integrating remote sensing with the geographic information system. Factors that contributed to the occurrence of erosion in the area of study were analyzed using the method of the variation of combined input data of the factors controlling erosion (soil, climate, topography, vegetation, and humans). The input data were quantitative data changed into qualitative data that were obtained from field data and extracted from remote sensing imagery, i.e. SPOT 5. A number of parameters were calculated using the RUSLE model equation. The model was validated by observing the qualitative erosion indicators in the field (pedestal, tree root exposure, armor layers, rill erosion, and gully erosion) by observing slope steepness in each sample area. The area of study was Serang watershed located in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta. It is one of the critically potential watersheds viewed from the landform and land use. The results of various combinations generated the highest of accuracy by 90.57 % with extremely erosion dominating the area of study. The factors with the highest contribution to erosion in Serang Watershed were slope length and steepness (LS) and erodibility (K).
Review of The Curious Map Book
Authors: Denil Mark
Published: November 2017

Review ofBaynton-Williams, Ashley. The Curious Map Book. 2015 Chicago: University of Chicago
Review of After the Map: Cartography, Navigation, and the Transformation of Territory in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Denil Mark
Published: November 2017

Review of After the Map: Cartography, Navigation, and the Transformation of Territory in the Twentieth Centuryreview by Mark Denil