bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeing as accountable action: The interactional accomplishment of sensorial work
Authors: Gibson Will , Vom Lehn Dirk
Published: July 2019

In this article it is argued that the growing field of the sociology of the senses has had a strong methodological focus on people’s accounts of their sensorial experiences at the expense of studying the practical achievement of sense work as an interactional phenomenon. Recent work has called for more innovative methods in sensorial scholarship and the use of creative approaches to explore the senses. While applauding this move, in this article the authors show the importance of a focus on micro-behavioural actions in studying the senses. Drawing on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, they analyse video recordings of near vision tests in optometry consultations illustrating the highly routinised, but also the embodied and improvised character of the actions through which the vision is made available for scrutiny. They argue that sensorial scholarship has sidelined the study of social context as a lived-order and demonstrate the importance of treating sensorial actions as routinised, embodied and improvisatory. The authors agree that using more creative methods would be valuable but caution against relying exclusively on methods that do not sufficiently contextualise the senses as a lived and practical social accomplishment.
African Immigrants to Australia: Barriers and Challenges to Labor Market Success
Authors: Udah Hyacinth , Singh Parlo , Hiruy Kiroy , Mwanri Lillian
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the employment experiences of immigrants of African background in the Australian labor market. Drawing on the findings from a qualitative study conducted in South East Queensland, the paper identifies several barriers and challenges faced by Africans to meaningful employment and labor market success. The paper indicates the need to develop targeted policies to eliminate employment discrimination, reduce barriers to meaningful employment for good settlement and successful integration of African immigrants to Australia.
We Want a Team Player: A Formative Cross-Cultural Investigation in the United States, China, and South Korea
Authors: Park Hee Sun , Lee Hye Eun , Kingsley Westerman Catherine Y. , Guan Xiaowen
Published: July 2019

The term “team player” originated in a Western cultural context and can be summarized in the form of five task and two social roles. Yet, can these roles be replicated outside of a U.S. context and will their endorsement vary across cultures and employment status? To answer this exploratory question, we collected data from a total of 483 participants comprising 269 U.S. Americans, 110 Chinese, and 104 Koreans. Participants were asked to describe a team player in their native languages. Three coders per cultural group found more than 3,000 coding units based on the seven predetermined team player roles. The results, based on chi-square tests, show that participants from all three cultural groups consider a team player’s responsibilities to be multidimensional, possessing both task competencies and social skills. Nevertheless, the extent to which each culture emphasizes these two dimensions differs. Both U.S. American and Chinese participants prefer a balance between task roles and social roles, whereas Korean participants prioritize task roles over social roles. These findings provide empirical evidence that across the three cultural groups, broadly the same roles are expected of a team player; however, the U.S. and Chinese understandings were more similar than across the two Asian samples, questioning the often simplistic view of Asian cultures as being homogeneous and of Western and Asian cultures being at different ends of a spectrum of difference. Finally, findings suggest that incorporating explicit discussion about what being a team player entails is a necessary step in multicultural workplaces.
Generation of Amelx-iCre Mice Supports Ameloblast-Specific Role for Stim1
Authors: Said R. , Zheng L. , Saunders T. , Zeidler M. , Papagerakis S. , Papagerakis P.
Published: July 2019

The identification and targeting of the molecular pathways regulating amelogenesis is an ongoing challenge in dental research, and progress has been restricted by the limited number of genetic tools available to study gene function in ameloblasts. Here, we generated 4 transgenic Cre-driver mouse lines that express improved Cre ( iCre)–recombinase from the locus of the mouse ameloblast-specific gene amelogenin X ( Amelx-iCre) with a large (250-kb) bacterial artificial chromosome DNA vector. All 4 Amelx-iCre transgenic lines were bred with ROSA26 reporter mice to characterize the iCre developmental pattern with the LacZ gene encoding β-galactosidase enzyme activity assay and Cre protein immunohistochemistry. From the 4 generated transgenic lines, 2 were selected for further analysis because they expressed a high amount of Cre recombinase exclusively in ameloblasts and showed developmental stage- and cell-specific β-galactosidase activity mimicking the endogenous amelogenin expression. To test the functionality of the selected transgenic models, we bred the 2 Amelx-iCre mice lines with stromal interaction molecule 1 ( Stim1) floxed mice to generate ameloblast-specific Stim1 conditional knockout mice ( Stim1 cKO). STIM1 protein serves as one of the main calcium sensors in ameloblasts and plays a major role in enamel mineralization and ameloblast differentiation. Amelx-iCre mice displayed exclusive CRE-mediated recombination in incisor and molar ameloblasts. Stim1 cKO mice showed a severely defected enamel phenotype, including reduced structural integrity concomitant with increased attrition and smaller teeth. The phenotype and genotype of the Amelx-iCre/Stim1 cKO showed significant differences with the previously reported Ker14- Cre/ Stim1 cKO, highlighting the need for cell- and stage-specific Cre lines for an accurate phenotype-genotype comparison. Furthermore, our model has the advantage of carrying the entire Amelx gene locus rather than being limited to an Amelx partial promoter construct, which greatly enhances the stability and the specificity of our Cre expression. As such, the Amelx-iCre transgenic lines that we developed may serve as a powerful tool for targeting ameloblast-specific gene expression in future investigations.
The Subgingival Microbiome Relationship to Periodontal Disease in Older Women
Authors: Genco R.J. , LaMonte M.J. , McSkimming D.I. , Buck M.J. , Li L. , Hovey K.M. , Andrews C.A. , Sun Y. , Tsompana M. , Zheng W. , Banack H.R. , Murugaiyan V. , Wactawski-Wende J.
Published: July 2019

Understanding of the oral microbiome in relation to periodontal disease in older adults is limited. The composition and diversity of the subgingival microflora and their oligotypes in health and levels of periodontal disease were investigated in this study on older postmenopausal women. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform in 1,206 women aged 53 to 81 y. Presence and severity of periodontal disease were defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology criteria. Composition of the microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the abundance of taxa described by the centered log2-ratio (CLR) transformed operational taxonomic unit (OTU) values. Differences according to periodontal disease status were determined by analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. Bacteria oligotypes associated with periodontal disease and health were determined by minimum entropy decomposition and their functions estimated in silico using PICRUSt. Prevalence of none/mild, moderate, and severe periodontal disease was 25.1%, 58.3%, and 16.6%, respectively. Alpha diversity of the microbiome differed significantly across the 3 periodontal disease categories. β-Diversity differed between no/mild and severe periodontal disease, although considerable overlap was noted. Of the 267 bacterial species identified at ≥0.02% abundance, 56 (20.9%) differed significantly in abundance according to periodontal disease status. Significant linear correlations for pocket depth and clinical attachment level with bacterial amounts were observed for several taxa. Of the taxa differing in abundance according to periodontal disease status, 53% had multiple oligotypes appearing to differ between none/mild and severe periodontal disease. Among older women, taxonomic differences in subgingival microbiome composition and diversity were observed in relation to clinical periodontal disease measures. Potential differences in bacterial subspecies (oligotypes) and their function were also identified in periodontal disease compared with health.
“What Do You Need a Course Like That for?” Conceptualizing Diverse Ruralities in Rural Teacher Education
Authors: Anthony-Stevens Vanessa , Langford Stephanie
Published: July 2019

This article examined preservice teachers discourse models of diversity in a rural context. We explored the perceptions of diversity among preservice teachers at a rural university as they were asked to problematize simplistic notions of rurality in a semester-long diversity course titled “Teaching Culturally Diverse Learners” in teacher education. Considering the complexities of preparing preservice teachers to address the needs of all students, we argue that preservice teachers must engage rurality as dynamic, rather than homogeneous, White, and nondiverse. Data from student coursework and post-course interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. Findings suggest that rural preservice teachers discourse models of diversity have the potential to shift from dominant to counter-hegemonic when given context-sensitive opportunities to unpack identity and diversity beyond Whiteness. Implications propose the development of pedagogies reflective of complex diverse ruralities offers critical opportunity to prepare future teachers to embrace equity across geographies in their future profession.
Embodied ephemeralities: Methodologies and historiographies for investigating the display and spatialization of science and technology in the twentieth century
Authors: Fleming Martha
Published: July 2019

Exhibitions are embodied knowledge, and the processes of making exhibitions are also in themselves knowledge production practices. Science and technology exhibitions are therefore doubly of interest to historians of science: both as epistemic agents and as research methods. Yet both exhibitions and exhibition-making practices are ephemeral, as is the subsequent experience of the visitor. How can we research, interrogate, and understand both the productive creation of exhibitions and the phenomenologies and epistemologies of their reception and impact? “Exhibition histories” has become a significant field of late, most closely associated with research on art exhibitions but also extending to world and trade fairs, and now increasingly crossing over into histories of science and technology. It is not an easy task: the range of exhibition archive materials includes – but is not limited to – 35mm slides, architectural blueprints, models, drawings, briefs, memos, budgets, press films, reviews, and personal accounts. This primary material is distributed unevenly across public and organized repositories, closed commercial archives, the personal papers of designers, often embargoed national bureaus of information, and more. Further, the experience of visiting an exhibition leaves far fewer traces to follow, requiring the researcher to do different kinds of things with the same widely varied material. This paper proposes methodologies for historians of science and technology wishing to understand the spatialization of science in exhibition contexts, the impacts of science exhibitions, and the more elusive phenomenological aspects of the exhibition visitor experience. Historians of science must accurately historicize context while researching both along and against the grain of archival material left by the making of exhibitions, as well as understanding the embodied trajectories of visitors. The practice of making exhibitions can also offer the researcher critically valuable insights into what to look for – and what may be absent – in archival records.
The Evolution and Transformation of Bankside, London, 1947-2019
Authors: Murray Stephen
Published: July 2019

The redevelopment of the Bankside area in central London was proposed in 1943, yet substantive regeneration was only achieved toward the end of the century. This article analyzes the processes whereby a postwar industrial, then deindustrial, locality evolved into a popular leisure and residential quarter. It argues that strategic plans for the area engendered only incremental and piecemeal redevelopment. Change was principally driven by industrial decline, government building policies, and the availability of finance, and, since the 1990s, by private-sector investment and culture-driven regeneration. Tensions and conflicts arose over the direction of, sometimes controversial, redevelopment. The locality’s principal building, Bankside power station, inhibited the realization of early redevelopment plans, but, as Tate Modern, was instrumental in the cultural and social transformation of the area.
Examining the Relationships Among Categorization, Stereotype Activation, and Stereotype Application
Authors: Rees Heather Rose , Ma Debbie S. , Sherman Jeffrey W.
Published: July 2019

Increased category salience is associated with increased stereotyping. Prior research has not examined the processes that may account for this relationship. That is, it is unclear whether category salience leads to increased stereotyping by increasing stereotype activation (i.e., increased accessibility of stereotypic information), application (i.e., increasing the tendency to apply activated stereotypes), or both processes simultaneously. We examined this question across three studies by manipulating category salience in an implicit stereotyping measure and by applying a process model that provides independent estimates of stereotype activation and application. Our results replicated past findings that category salience increases stereotyping. Modeling results showed that category salience consistently increased the extent of stereotype application but increased stereotype activation in more limited contexts. Implications for models of social categorization and stereotyping are discussed.
The injuries of platform logistics
Authors: Hill David W
Published: July 2019

In order to understand the social impact of digital platforms, we need to examine the ways in which they reconfigure space – not only through critique of that reconfiguring but also examination of the conditions within the spaces it forms. This article offers a typology of the injuries enacted by platform logistics, taking online retail as its focus and using Amazon as an exemplar. Cognitive Injury occurs when platforms act to conceal their operation from the awareness of users. Hidden Injury is enacted on the invisible labour that sustains platform functionality, a precarious workforce that labours under harsh conditions and within hostile spaces, somewhere below the cognisance of the user. Moral Injury speaks of the way that platform logistics, in concealing from awareness the conditions that sustain its operation, attacks the ability of users, or of a society at large, to act with responsibility. These injuries are shown to be at play in the processes that facilitate buying online and order fulfilment. It is argued that the speed of purchasing and delivery enacts an unconscious consumption, which dislocates users from the labour that delivers the goods, creating a kind of perceptual pollution that diminishes a sense of moral responsibility.
Does open access citation advantage depend on paper topics?
Authors: Sotudeh Hajar
Published: July 2019

Research topics vary in their citation potential. In a metric-wise scientific milieu, it would be probable that authors tend to select citation-attractive topics especially when choosing open access (OA) outlets that are more likely to attract citations. Applying a matched-pairs study design, this research aims to examine the role of research topics in the citation advantage of OA papers. Using a comparative citation analysis method, it investigates a sample of papers published in 47 Elsevier article processing charges (APC)-funded journals in different access models including non-open access (NOA), APC, Green and mixed Green-APC. The contents of the papers are analysed using natural language processing techniques at the title and abstract level and served as a basis to match the NOA papers to their peers in the OA models. The publication years and journals are controlled for in order to avoid their impacts on the citation numbers. According to the results, the OA citation advantage that is observed in the whole sample still holds even for the highly similar OA and NOA papers. This implies that the OA citation surplus is not an artefact of the OA and NOA papers’ differences in their topics and, therefore, in their citation potential. This leads to the conclusion that OA authors’ self-selectivity, if it exists at all, is not responsible for the OA citation advantage, at least as far as selection of topics with probably higher citation potentials is concerned.
Taste and Organization Studies
Authors: Gardiner Rita A.
Published: July 2019

Using the example of the British fish and chip shop, I explore the socio-historical connections among culture, taste and organizations. Specifically, the British ‘chippie’ illustrates how cultural tastes affect our comprehension of organizations. In examining this occupation in depth, we see how the fish and chip shop reveals the ways class and cultural prejudices affect how an organization is perceived. Considering an organization’s history offers us a glimpse into how organizational tastes are shaped by broader social processes. Additionally, I explore taste and organizations through diverse theoretical lenses. First, the chippie constitutes an organizational example of Pierre Bourdieu’s contrast between taste as luxury and taste as necessity. Second, the work of Hannah Arendt highlights the intersubjective nature of taste, and its connection with judgement. Third, exploring taste with Antoine Hennion’s writings reveals the connection between practices and things. Examining taste through diverse theoretical lenses can thus open up productive lines of inquiry for taste and organizational studies.
Application Design for Child Obesity Management Based on Users’ Preferences and Needs
Authors: Lee Jisan , Jeongeun Kim , Ahjung Byun , Meiling Jin , Meihua Piao , Kyungryeon Kwak , Hyeoiyun Lee
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to investigate the constructive preferences and needs of children and guardians in a child obesity management application, and to suggest and visualize the key features of its design. To reflect users’ preferences and needs, the questionnaires used in this study were developed in four stages: draft, validity test, review, and final version. The survey was conducted with fifth and sixth grade children who are overweight or obese and their guardians. Differences were observed by gender and between children and guardians with respect to children’s perceived body shape, technology experience and preferences, preferred obesity management method, application design, exercise and diet-related features, preferred partner for obesity management, and preferred reward after mission completion. Our study suggests and visualizes the key features of a child obesity management application for both children and guardians based on their preferences and needs, which can be utilized by both application developers and researchers.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient with fulminant pulmonary embolism refractory to intraarrest thrombolysis
Authors: Thind Guramrinder Singh , Hanane Tarik , Bribriesco Alejandro , Yun James , Anandamurthy Balaram , Latifi Mani , Unai Shinya , Krishnan Sudhir
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

A fulminant pulmonary embolism is a potentially reversible cause of cardiac arrest with a reported mortality rate of up to 95%. Therapeutic strategies for fulminant pulmonary embolism continue to evolve.

Case report:

We present a case of a 38-year-old female who suffered an in-hospital cardiac arrest due to fulminant pulmonary embolism. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (facilitated by the LUCAS™ mechanical chest compression device) was successfully performed in this patient following failure of intraarrest thrombolysis.

Discussion:

For the management of fulminant pulmonary embolism, utilization of clot-directed therapies, especially intraarrest thrombolysis, has garnered increasing traction and interest. However, this therapeutic approach has its limitations. Fortuitously, the emergence of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation has added a new dimension to the treatment of fulminant pulmonary embolism. A protocolized approach to treatment can improve outcomes in these patients.

Conclusion:

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be used as a salvage therapy in patients with fulminant pulmonary embolism in whom intraarrest thrombolysis has failed.
Intranasal dopamine attenuates fear responses induced by electric shock to the foot and by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter
Authors: de Carvalho Milene Cristina , Figueiredo Rebeca Machado de , Coimbra Norberto Cysne , Leite-Panissi Christie Ramos Andrade , de Souza Silva Maria Angélica , Huston Joseph P , Mattern Claudia , Brandão Marcus Lira
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

Intranasally applied dopamine (IN-DA), which likely reaches the brain via nasal–brain pathways and bypasses the blood–brain barrier, has been found to increase extracellular DA and bind to the DA2 transporter in the striatum. Recent studies suggest that DA plays a significant role in the processing of signaled and unconditioned aversive stimulation, including evidence that may attenuate responses to painful input. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IN-DA on fear-related behaviors induced by electric shock to the foot or by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG).

Methods:

DA hydrochloride suspended in a viscous castor oil gel (1 or 2 mg/kg) was applied (IN-DA) in a volume of 5 μL into the nostrils of adult Wistar male rats in order to evaluate its effects on (a) freezing induced by electric shock to the foot and (b) thresholds of freezing and escape and duration of post-stimulation freezing induced by electrical stimulation of the dPAG.

Results:

IN-DA attenuated freezing induced by electric shock to the foot in the three test trials, indicating that it reduced long-term fear responses. IN-DA also increased the threshold of dPAG stimulation-induced escape responses and reduced post-stimulation freezing.

Conclusions:

IN-DA, which has previously been shown to facilitate learning and to have antidepressive-like effects, attenuated unconditioned fear responses elicited by peripheral and intramesencephalic (dPAG) stimulation and reduced long-term conditioned fear responses.
Three-dimensional printing for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in patients with renal tumors
Authors: Fan Gang , Meng Yanbin , Zhu Shuai , Ye Mingji , Li Mingfeng , Li Feiping , Ye Yuanchun , Liu Zhizhong , Weiqin Han , Xie Yu
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To explore the efficacy of three-dimensional printing physical model-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (3D-LPN) in patients with renal tumors.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed all patients who underwent LPN with or without 3D-printed physical model assistance from January 2016 to February 2018 at our institution. The demographic characteristics, operative findings, and clinical outcomes from the procedure were collected and analyzed.

Results

Sixty-nine patients underwent 3D-LPN and 58 underwent traditional LPN. The groups showed no differences in demographics, RENAL score, surgical approach, operative time, estimated intra-/postoperative blood loss, increased creatinine level, or complications. In the 3D-LPN group, warm ischemia time was shorter, whereas surgery waiting time was longer, compared with those parameters in the LPN group. Subgroup analysis indicated that for patients with RENAL score ≥8, the 3D-LPN group had significantly shorter warm ischemic time and less intraoperative blood loss than the traditional LPN group. Intra- and postoperative hospital complication rates were similar for 3D-LPN and traditional LPN groups (8.7% vs. 13.7%).

Conclusions

3D printing provides an additional tool to assist with LPN. Use of a 3D model can assist in planning and performance of LPN in patients with RENAL score ≥8.
Treatment of basicervical femoral neck fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation
Authors: Guo Jialiang , Dong Weichong , Jin Lin , Yin Yingchao , Zhang Ruipeng , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze
Published: July 2019

Objective

A basicervical femoral neck fracture, which is located at the junction between the femoral neck and intertrochanteric region, is a rare type of fracture. The treatment effects for this type of fracture vary. The present retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of proximal femoral nail antirotation and illustrate its effect on improving the clinical prognosis of basicervical femoral neck fractures.

Methods

Fourteen patients with two-part basicervical fractures underwent treatment with proximal femoral nail antirotation.

Results

The treatment exhibited a good effect on decreasing complications such as femoral neck shortening and screw protrusion. Improvements were also noted in the Harris hip score and other clinical prognostic factors. The patients were satisfied with the prognosis, although not all of them returned to their preinjury level of occupation or daily activities.

Conclusion

This research provides clinical data to support the treatment of basicervical femoral neck fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation and contributes to our understanding of treatment selection in the clinical setting. Selection of the optimal fixation method and subsequent conservative rehabilitation plan will benefit patients with basicervical femoral neck fractures.
Geographic information systems visualization of wind farm operational data to inform maintenance and planning discussions
Authors: Shen Jones , Francis Ryan , Miller Lindsay , Carriveau Rupp , Ting David SK , Rodgers Marianne , Davis JJ
Published: July 2019

As utility scale wind farms age, maintenance and contingency planning become increasingly important. Decisions about when and how to repair or replace major turbine components can critically influence profitability. Condition monitoring and prognostic reliability modelling are sometimes used to support these decision-making processes. These often resource intensive, sophisticated techniques are frequently administered by third parties and can be black boxes to wind farm stakeholders. Early experience from the YR21 Investment Decision Support Program has highlighted the importance of broad engagement across wind farm teams in maintenance and planning discussions. The utilization of geographic information systems to illustrate data trends across wind farms proved to be a valuable tool in fostering fundamental understanding of an operation’s signature performance characteristics. This graphical representation of the farm provides a useful visualization of the operation’s best and worst performers in terms of power produced, wind speeds experienced, total revolutions, or highest gear box temperature. These transparent representations of the data represent valuable starting points for discussion of performance or potential maintenance issues across farms. In some cases, it can reveal unexpected trends that may raise bigger questions about how the farm is operating in general. Finally, these simple figures can serve as complementary inputs to larger, more complex data-driven decision systems. Geographic information system plots are presented for three wind farms to demonstrate the potential utility in simple, transparent, and accessible data visualization.
Moral Heroes or Suffering Persons? Ancestors in Family Intergenerational Stories and the Intersection of Family and National Memories
Authors: Slabáková Radmila Švaříčková
Published: July 2019

This article adds to recent intergenerational family memory research by presenting an empirical study of three-generational stories recounted by thirteen families in the Czech Republic. By drawing on a detailed and rigorous methodological approach, this article focuses on the topic of stories, their emotionality, and the personal traits of the heroes. The majority of families told their family stories in a prototypical, perhaps archetypal fashion, depicting their ancestors as heroes under circumstances of danger, fear, and threat. A tendency to valorize ancestors is observed in the stories framed by important historical events while private family stories tend to have more of an amusing character. Why a family shares that or another type of stories depends on many circumstances, particularly on a long-lived and generative ancestor, intergenerational relations, and family values.
Locating Savitribai Phule’s Feminism in the Trajectory of Global Feminist Thought
Authors: Pandey Renu
Published: July 2019

Initially, the feminist thought was based on Humanist approach, that is, the sameness or essentialist approach of feminism. But recently, gender and feminism have evolved as complicated terms and gender identification as a complicated phenomenon. This is due to the identification of multiple intersectionalities around gender, gender relations and power hierarchies. There are intersections based on age, caste, class, abilities, ethnicity, race, sexuality and other societal divisions. Apart from these societal intersections, intersection can also be sought in the theory of feminism like historical materialist feminisms, postcolonial and anti-racist feminisms, liberal feminism, radical feminisms, sexual difference feminisms, postmodern feminisms, queer feminisms, cyber feminisms, post-human feminisms and most recent choice feminisms and so on. Furthermore, In India, there have been assertions for Dalit/Dalit bahujan/ abrahmini/ Phule-Ambedkarite feminisms. Gender theorists have evolved different approaches to study gender. In addition to the distinction between a biosocial and a strong social constructionist approach, distinctions have been made between essentialist and constructionist approaches. The above theories and approaches present differential understandings of intersections between discourse, embodiment and materiality, and sex and gender.

The present article will endeavour to bring out the salient points in the feminist ideology of Savitribai Phule as a crusader for gender justice and will try to locate her feminist ideology in the overall trajectory of global feminist thought. The article suggests that Savitibai’s feminism shows characteristics of all the three waves of feminism.
Overvaluation of Eating and Satiation Explains the Association of Food Insecurity and Food Intake With Obesity and Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Caamaño María C. , García Olga P. , Parás Pablo , Palacios Jorge R. , Rosado Jorge L.
Published: July 2019

Background:

In developing countries, where energy-dense foods with low nutrient content are highly accessible, the fear of feeling hungry and the desire of prolonging satiation have been documented.

Objective:

To evaluate the role of valuation of eating and satiation in the relationship of food insecurity with diet, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk with structural equation modeling.

Methods:

A validated questionnaire that measures the value of eating and satiation (VES) as the basis of wealth was administered to 321 adult women from Queretaro, Mexico. Instruments for measurement of socioeconomic status, food insecurity, physical activity, and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were also applied. Women were measured and weighed, and they provided a fasting blood sample to determine lipid profile, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Structural equation models were used for prediction of the homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol index.

Results:

The models confirmed, with acceptable goodness-of-fit parameters, the mediation position of VES between past experiences of food insecurity and a greater intake of carbohydrates and its impact on obesity, and on the HOMA-IR and the triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol index.

Conclusion:

Experiences of food insecurity may increase VES in women and influence eating behavior, increasing intake of sugars and starches in their diet, thus increasing the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes. The understanding of essential values that induce unfavorable eating behavior in a population that has experienced past food insecurity may help to develop public health strategies for prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
Expert Secondary Content-Area Teachers’ Pedagogical Schemas for Teaching Literacy to Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Lauterbach Alexandra A. , Brownell Mary T. , Bettini Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2019

Secondary content-area teachers seldom use research-based practices for students with learning disabilities (LD), and prior research indicates they often conceptualize instruction in ways that align poorly with research about effective instruction for students with LD. However, prior research has focused on typical secondary content-area teachers, and we know little about how expert secondary content-area teachers think about instruction for students with LD. We used hermeneutic phenomenological methods to explore expert content-area teachers’ pedagogical schemas for teaching literacy to secondary students with LD. We found teachers’ pedagogical schemas were shaped by their goals for students and the role they believed learning difficulties played in achieving those goals. This led them to integrate literacy and disciplinary instruction to support students’ learning. The findings extend and support existing research on teachers’ expertise, and have implications for future efforts to develop secondary content-area teachers’ expertise in teaching students with LD.
Ethnically Diverse Adolescents Recount Third-Party Actions That Amplify Their Anger and Calm Their Emotions After Perceived Victimization
Authors: Higheagle Strong Zoe , McMain Emma M. , Frey Karin S. , Wong Rachel M. , Dai Shenghai , Jin Gan
Published: July 2019

Third-party adolescents (those aware of peer conflict as neither aggressors nor victims) can help shape their peers’ emotional responses to perceived victimization. Emotion regulation promotes resilience for those who have been victimized, and heightened anger can exacerbate negative outcomes. This study sought to understand how ethnically diverse victimized adolescents described third-party actions that amplified their anger and calmed their emotions—and whether there were gender, racial/ethnic, or school-level patterns. Data were drawn from 264 structured interviews using a multi-method, repeated measures design. Participants were 66 African Americans, 57 European Americans, 64 Mexican Americans, and 77 Native Americans from the Northwest United States. Open- and process-coding identified 16 themes that described third-party actions, and pattern coding provided insight into why particular actions may be perceived as anger-amplifying or calming. Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests on action frequencies revealed five actions (e.g., co-ruminating) that were associated with amplifying victims’ anger and eight actions (e.g., reassuring) that were associated with calming victims’ emotions. Group patterns were examined using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Programs and interventions may draw on these qualitative accounts of victimized adolescents’ experiences to illustrate how third-party actions might differentially impact peers during or after aggressive incidents.
Crying Wolf or Ever Vigilant: Do Wide-Ranging Product Warnings Increase or Decrease Sensitivity to Other Product Warnings?
Authors: Main Kelley J. , Darke Peter R.
Published: July 2019

Product safety warnings are pervasive in the marketplace. The frequency and, in some cases, content of such warnings has led some to speculate that the cumulative effects may undermine the efficacy of warnings in general—including that of different warnings for other products. According to the generalized desensitization hypothesis, numerous past warnings can cause consumers to react less strongly to safety warnings for other products subsequently encountered. In contrast, the literature on goal activation and compensatory consumer behavior suggests that any self-protective goals aroused by initial warnings can potentially generalize to increase awareness and safety precautions in other warning contexts, consistent with the generalized sensitization hypothesis. The authors tested both hypotheses by manipulating the number and strength of an initial set of product warnings and examining whether such exposure generalized to different product warnings. In support of the generalized sensitization prediction, prior warnings motivated appreciation of the risks communicated in a different warning context and increased relevant safety behaviors. These generalized sensitization effects were moderated by self-affirmation, supporting the prediction that they are driven by self-protective goals.
Neurobiology of Female Homicide Perpetrators
Authors: Brewer-Smyth Kathleen , Burgess Ann Wolbert
Published: July 2019

Neurobiology of female homicide perpetrators is not well understood. Data from private interviews and examinations of females were re-analyzed comparing those who committed homicide ( n = 9); other violent crimes, no known homicide ( n = 51); nonviolent crimes, no known violent convictions ( n = 49); and noncriminals ( n = 12). Homicide perpetrators suffered the most childhood sexual abuse (CSA); most recent abuse; had the most neurological histories, mainly traumatic brain injuries (TBIs); most health care access for abuse-related injuries; lowest AM and PM salivary cortisol; and greatest proportion who committed crime under the influence of alcohol. Only CSA, years since last abuse, TBI, neurological histories, and health care access for abuse-related injuries were significant. Those who committed homicide under the influence of alcohol suffered the most recent abuse and had the lowest AM cortisol and flattest diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) compared with others; though the n precludes determining significance. Amount of time since last abuse, AM cortisol and DCS progressively decreased as crime severity increased; other variables progressively increased as crime severity increased. These preliminary findings suggest that low AM cortisol, flat DCS, greater CSA frequency and severity, recent abuse, TBIs, and health care access for abuse-related injuries could be risk factors for females committing homicide. Further study is needed due to the small n of homicide perpetrators. Abuse victims may be at greater risk for alcohol use and cortisol dysregulation associated with perpetrating violence, especially homicide. Frontal lobe damage from TBIs may decrease ability to control behaviors associated with emotions from the limbic system. Health care providers released these women when their abuse-related injuries were not life-threatening; yet, they were life-threatening for victims of their subsequent homicides. Females accessing health care for abuse-related injuries present a critical opportunity for violent crime prevention interventions.
Popular Opinion Leaders’ Perspectives on Preventing Gender-Based Violence and Problem Drinking Among Kenyan College Students: A Brief Report
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Waterman Emily A. , Kagunda Julia , Bikeri Catherine
Published: July 2019

Gender-based violence (GBV) occurs at alarmingly high rates among college students in a number of countries, including Kenya. To comprehensively address GBV and co-occurring public health issues (e.g., problem drinking), the nonprofit organization Elim Trust has begun to develop a student-led university outreach program (i.e., Vunja Kalabash Campus Project [VKCP]) in Kenya. The purpose of the current study was to examine the perspectives of popular opinion leaders (POLs) on GBV and related public health issues, and on the perceived effectiveness of the VKCP. We conducted a focus group with 16 POLs who lead prevention efforts on their campuses (62.5% women). Content analyses of the focus group suggested that GBV is a serious problem among Kenyan college students; GBV intersects with other problematic health behaviors like problem drinking, and despite some challenges (e.g., resources, time), VKCP is perceived to be effective at preventing GBV and supporting survivors of GBV. These data suggest that peer-led programming holds promise in preventing and responding to GBV.
Experiences of Minority Stress and Intimate Partner Violence Among Homosexual Women in Turkey
Authors: Ayhan Balik Cemile Hurrem , Bilgin Hulya
Published: July 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been recognized as an important public health problem over the past two decades, and increased attention to violence in intimate relationships has been given to heterosexual couples. Although the vast majority of literature has determined the rate of IPV among lesbian, gay, bisexual couples, and relationship quality, few studies investigated how stress specific to living as a lesbian or bisexual woman might correlate with IPV in these relationships. For this reason, the purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the experiences of minority stress and IPV among homosexual women ( n = 149) in Turkey. Data were collected using convenience and snowball sampling. Participants completed an interviewer-administered survey. Results indicated that victimization and perpetration of all the forms of IPV occur but the most prevalent was perpetration (66.4%) and victimization (63.1%) of psychological violence. The mean score of participants’ total level of outness was found 4.78 ± 2.15 (0-10). Most participants (74.5%) reported being often exposed to discrimination in the public area and reported moderate level of internalized homophobia (2.72 ± 0.87). Participants’ level of outness associated with psychological (Victimization r = .319, p = .00; Perpetration r = .421, p = .00), physical (Victimization r = .184, p = .025; Perpetration r = .209, p = .010), and sexual (Victimization r = .263, p = .001; Perpetration r = .372, p = .00) violence perpetration and victimization. It is also founded that there was relation between internalized homophobia level and sexual violence perpetration ( r = .164, p = .045)/victimization ( r = .189, p = .021). These findings demonstrate a need for health care staff to be aware of the prevalence of IPV and minority stress that affected this population. Mental health of homosexual individuals is under the risk due to minority stress and IPV experiences. Furthermore, this finding illustrated that need for additional empirical research improved interpersonal relationship among these women. Also, policies need to be developed to reduce the minority stress experienced by these individuals and provide integration with the society.
Impact of External Knowledge Inflow on Product and Process Innovation of Korean SMEs: Absorptive Capacity as a Mediator
Authors: Jeong So Won , Chung Jae-Eun , Roh Jung-Sim
Published: July 2019

We examine the role of external knowledge inflow in improving the product and process innovation of Korean exporting small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the textiles, apparel, and footwear industries. Building on the resource-based view (RBV), we investigate how five sources of knowledge inflow (suppliers, customers, competitors, universities, and government agencies) contribute to product and process innovation through absorptive capacity (AC) as a mechanism to explain the link between external knowledge inflow and innovation. Conducting a path analysis, we found that knowledge inflow from customers and government agencies had a positive effect on AC, subsequently enhancing product and process innovation. Additionally, knowledge inflow from universities and government agencies also affected process innovation and product innovation, respectively. We also demonstrated the mediating role of AC in the relationship between external knowledge inflow and innovation. Korean SMEs should thus invest in developing the knowledge sources of customers, universities, and government agencies to enhance AC and innovation.
Disciplinary Segregation’s Effects on Inmate Behavior: Institutional and Community Outcomes
Authors: Woo Youngki , Drapela Laurie , Campagna Michael , Stohr Mary K. , Hamilton Zachary K. , Mei Xiaohan , Tollefsbol Elizabeth Thompson
Published: July 2019

Disciplinary segregation (DS) is practiced in a variety of correctional settings and a growing body of research explores its subsequent effects among offenders. The present study contributes to this literature by analyzing the impact of short-term DS on violent infractions and community recidivism among a sample of inmates in Washington State. We assessed the impact of DS on these outcomes from deterrence and stain theory perspectives while controlling for social support variables such as visitations and correctional programming. Mentally ill offenders were excluded, as their abilities to make rational choices may be inconsistent with deterrence theory. Results show DS does not significantly affect post-DS infractions. Social supports significantly reduced inmates’ odds of violent infractions while incarcerated. Community models indicate no substantive differences between the DS and non-DS groups on post-prison convictions 3 years after release. Overall, DS exhibited limited effects on offenders’ institutional or community outcomes.
Neuro-Interventional Use of Oral Antiplatelets: A Survey of Neuro-Endovascular Centers in the United States and Review of the Literature
Authors: Farrokh Salia , Owusu Kent , Lara Lucia Rivera , Nault Katharine , Hui Ferdinand , Spoelhof Brian
Published: July 2019

Background:

Intra- and postprocedural thrombosis are major complication of aneurysmal coil embolization, stent-assisted coiling, and pipeline embolization. The common but unproven practice of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor in neuro-endovascular patients is inferred from the cardiology literature without large clinical trials to support it in neuro-endovascular patients.

Objective:

We conducted an electronic survey to identify practice variations surrounding the use of oral antiplatelets in patients undergoing endovascular neuro-interventional procedures across neuro-endovascular centers in the United States.

Methods:

An electronic survey was distributed via the Web. Any practicing neuro-intensive care unit (ICU), neuro-interventional or stroke physician, pharmacist, physician assistant, or nurse practitioner was eligible to respond to this survey between June and October 2017.

Results:

A total of 33 responses were collected during the survey period. A response rate of 16% was calculated after taking into account all comprehensive stroke centers in the United States. Aspirin and clopidogrel was the standard-of-care antiplatelet regimen utilized in the majority of institutions (82%). Alternatively, 4 institutions used monotherapy (aspirin [n = 2], clopidogrel [n = 1], either aspirin or clopidogrel [n = 1]) and 2 institutions reported practitioner-dependent practices. Just under half of the centers reported ticagrelor as the primary alternative in clopidogrel nonresponders (48%).

Conclusion:

Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel appears to be standard of care in this setting based on our survey. About half of responding institutions use ticagrelor in cases where clopidogrel resistance is suspected. Large society-wide patient registries are needed to provide data for future safety and efficacy studies.