bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction on Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Fishing Ground in Waters Near the Marshall Islands Based on SMOTETomek‐RF
Authors: Zhang Meng , Song Liming , Pan Chen , Wang Linhui
Published: October 2024

This study monitored 37 longliners fishing in waters near the Marshall Islands from 2020 to 2022 by Liancheng Overseas Fishery (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.'s operation management system. This study developed nine predictive models on the relationship between catch per unit effort (CPUE) data for yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and the environmental data. The environmental data integrate 48 variables, including eddy kinetic energy, chlorophyll a concentration, sea surface height, and additional measures of vertical oceanic conditions, alongside spatiotemporal parameters (year, month, day, longitude, and latitude). This study employed four spatial resolutions (0.25° × 0.25°, 0.5° × 0.5°, 1° × 1°, and 2° × 2°) to develop nine predictive models: KNN, RF, GBDT, CART, LightGBM, XGBoost, CatBoost, AdaBoost, and Stacking (RF, KNN, GBDT, and LR). These models, with a daily time resolution, were trained using 75% of the data and tested with the remaining 25%. The optimal spatial resolution and model were determined through a comprehensive comparison of model evaluation metrics across these spatial resolutions. The SMOTETomek algorithm was then applied to resample 75% of the data at the optimal spatial resolution, forming a new training dataset. This dataset was used to refine the model, subsequently tested with the remaining 25% of the data. Results indicated that (1) the optimal spatial resolution is 0.25° × 0.25° and the optimal model is RF; (2) the SMOTETomek algorithm enhances the model's predictive performance; and (3) the developed SMK‐RF model, exhibiting Acc and AUC values of 76.73% and 82.47%, respectively, accurately predicts the central fishing grounds for yellowfin tuna, consisting closely with actual fishing activity.
Moderate haemophilia A: Recommendations from a Spanish panel of experts
Authors: Álvarez Román Maria Teresa , Bonanad Santiago , Calvo Villas Jose Manuel , López Maria Fernanda , Marco Pascual , Núñez Ramiro , Benítez Olga , López‐Jaime Francisco‐José
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Diagnosing moderate haemophilia A (MHA) solely based on deficient FVIII protein levels limits its optimal management and delays the initiation of prophylaxis. Updating protocols and incorporating new variables into its diagnosis could prevent underestimating disease severity, avoiding early arthropathies and impairing patients' quality of life.

Aim

To propose recommendations to improve the comprehensive management of people with MHA.

Methods

Recommendations from a Spanish panel of eight experts from public comprehensive care centres (CCCs) for people with haemophilia and over 140 people with MHA in follow‐up. In a previous analysis, the panel identified the unmet needs of people with MHA and the necessity to develop new specific recommendations for their management.

Results

The panel proposed recommendations in four areas: diagnosis, treatment, follow‐up and referrals. They detailed the necessary steps and procedures for the diagnosis, adding other variables to the FVIII levels like bleeding phenotype, genetic profile and joint status to specify the severity and risk classification of people with MHA. Experts proposed an algorithm with unique independent criteria to facilitate the decision to initiate prophylaxis, where the recommended FVIII levels and variables coexist for treatment decision‐making. Follow‐up proposals addressed periodicity, recommended tests and required visits to CCCs. For referrals, experts proposed criteria and situations considered urgent for a transfer to a CCC for haemophilia patients.

Conclusion

The proposals agreed upon by this expert panel can contribute to update and optimize the management of people with MHA, delaying joint deterioration, pain and disabilities, and improving their quality of life.
Association between trace elements and cognitive function among hemodialysis patients in Turkey
Authors: Oruc Meric , Asan Furkan , Mercan Selda , Kose Sennur , Kirpinar Mehmet Murat , Poyraz Burc Cagri , Trabulus Sinan , Savrun Feray Karaali , Altiparmak Mehmet Riza
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Cognitive impairment is common among patients with hemodialysis. Hemodialysis patients have theoretical risks for both deficiency and accumulation of trace elements. We aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and whole blood levels of trace elements in hemodialysis patients. We also aimed to examine the effect of baseline trace element status and cognitive dysfunction on mortality.

Methods

Maintenance hemodialysis patients and age‐and sex‐matched controls were included. The whole blood levels of trace elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score of ≤24 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test. Executive dysfunction was also defined as Trails A score of more than 75 s and Trails B score of more than 180 s.

Findings

Forty‐two patients and 35 controls were included. Cognitive impairment was detected in 69% of the patients and 45.7% of the controls (p = 0.039). Cognitively impaired patients had lower education years (p = 0.003) and higher whole blood levels of manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) (p = 0.026, p = 0.019, respectively) compared to patients without cognitive impairment. Mn levels were also found statistically higher in patients with executive dysfunction compared to patients without executive dysfunction (p = 0.005). Lower education years and higher Pb levels were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients (odds ratio [OR] 0.589 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.400–0.866, p = 0.007] and OR 1.047 [95% CI 1.001–1.096, p = 0.047, respectively]).

Discussion

Cognitive impairment, especially impaired executive function, is common among patients with hemodialysis patients. Cognitive impairment is not found to be associated in cross‐sectional analysis with several modifiable end‐stage renal disease‐ and dialysis‐associated factors. The accumulation of trace elements especially Mn and Pb might exacerbate the cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients.
Perceived Impact of Healthcare Relationships and Interactions on Parental Experiences of Prenatal Diagnosis and Termination of Pregnancy for Foetal Anomaly on the Island of Ireland
Authors: Heaney Suzanne , Tomlinson Mark , Aventin Áine
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore parents' experiences of their relationships and interactions with healthcare professionals (HCPs) during care related to prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy for foetal anomaly (TOPFA).

Methods

A qualitative approach was used. Participants included 33 parents (23 women and 10 men) from Northern Ireland (n = 11) and Ireland (n = 22) who had a TOPFA. Data collection methods included semi‐structured interviews and written narrative accounts. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Findings confirmed that TOPFA was a traumatic, life‐altering experience for parents, impacting their health and well‐being. The actions, behaviours and words of HCPs impacted how parents perceived and interpreted their healthcare experiences and their access to services and supports. In relation to this, five themes are presented: (1) the importance of compassionate and non‐judgemental care, (2) the value of effective information and communication, (3) the desire for compassionate care for baby and facilitation of memory making, (4) the need for continuity of care and (5) parents' experiences of healthcare relationships during times of legislative change.

Conclusion

This research reveals the important role HCPs play in helping parents cope with prenatal testing and TOPFA. Parents who had a positive relationship with an HCP, in which information was communicated effectively and compassionate and non‐judgmental care was provided, felt more supported and more able to accept and adapt to their loss.

Patient and Public Contribution

An advisory group composed of parents who had experienced TOPFA and HCPs with experience in caring for such families were involved in the study from the outset, contributing to the design and development of data collection materials, interpretation of the findings and design of dissemination materials.
Interdisciplinary Approach to Consumer Financial Behavior: Developing a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Warchlewska Anna
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this article is to develop a conceptual framework of consumer financial behavior with a multidisciplinary approach. Consumer financial behavior is the subject of research in many scientific disciplines, although it is of greatest interest to economists, sociologists, psychologists, and philosophers. The frailty and still insufficient functionality, as well as the lack of application of the models may result from constantly changing macro and microeconomic factors, changing trends, the impact of generational affiliation, and conceptual‐theoretical inconsistencies. Taking into consideration current attitudes toward understanding consumer financial behavior, a contribution to literature is an attempt to diagnose the components of a functional model for financial behaviors, in particular, the diagnosis of input and output factors in the decision‐making process. The proposed model of consumer financial behavior consists of five elements: type of consumer, type of financial product, motivation, abilities, and opportunities, and the factors determining them may be both economic and noneconomic.
Effectiveness of Mobile Application Disease Self‐Management Programme on Mental Health and Self‐Management of Patients With Hypertension: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Mei‐Chen , Liu Chuan‐Chieh , Wang Wen‐Hug , Lin Mei‐Hsiang , Liao Pei‐Hung , Chen Meng‐Qi
Published: October 2024

Background

Hypertension is a chronic disease that consumes considerable medical resources.

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate a model able to develop and assess the effectiveness of a mobile application disease self‐management programme regarding mental health and self‐management for patients with hypertension.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial and single‐blind random assignment was employed to group the participants. A total of 100 patients were collected from the cardiology clinic of a teaching hospital in Taiwan. There were 50 participants in each group: the mobile application group (experimental group) and the routine care (control group). The primary outcome measures were mental health and self‐management.

Results

This study discovered that the intervention improved the mental health and self‐management of the experimental group. The results for the experimental group revealed significantly improved effects and outcomes superior to those of the control group.

Conclusions

The study results verified that a mobile application disease self‐management programme could improve the mental health and disease self‐management of patients with hypertension.
Economic Analysis of Falls in a Private Hospital in Southern Brazil—A Case–Control Study
Authors: Gonzalez Victor Antoniazi , Febras Larissa Luma Tomasi , de Lima Cássia Cristina Damásio , Alves Belisa Marin , dos Santos Daniel Teixeira , Souza Mariana Almudi , Carvalho Sidiclei Machado , Rohsig Vania , Pille Arthur , Wolf Jonas , Maccari Juçara Gasparetto , Mutlaq Mohamed Parrini , Nasi Luiz Antônio
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In‐hospital falls represent significant health and economic concerns, but previous studies regarding the economic cost of falls do not account for other cofounders (comorbidities and clinical aspects) in this cost evaluation.

Aim

The aim of this study is to analyse the cost of in‐hospital falls comparing those who had falls to nonfalls patients while accounting for several risk factors associated with falls.

Methods

Data were collected from January 2020 to December 2022, in a private hospital in Brazil. The sample was divided into two groups: one with patients who fell and the other with nonfallers on a 1:2 ratio, and these groups were matched to avoid confounding variables.

Results

The median cost for patients who experienced falls was US$7520.26 compared to US$6144.24 for those without falls (p < 0.01). This trend was especially marked in men aged 20–40 who suffered falls and showed a significantly elevated median cost of US$29 722.02 distinguishing them from those without falls with a median cost of US$1179.48 (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Hospital falls significantly increase financial costs compared to nonfall cases, irrespective of comorbidities, length of stay or case‐mix variations. The findings recommend a universal precautions approach to fall prevention in hospitals, targeting all hospitalised patients to effectively minimise the economic burden associated with in‐hospital falls.
Nurse Experiences of Caring for Medically Compromised Adolescents With Eating Disorders in General Hospital Environments: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gamlath Inuri , Buchanan‐Hagen Sally , Alexander Louise , Searby Adam
Published: October 2024

Eating disorders encompass a spectrum of mental health conditions that are characterised by a preoccupation with eating, exercise, body weight or shape. The trajectory of eating disorders can result in hospitalisation for medical complications, such as electrolyte imbalance, extremely low weight and other medical issues that require urgent inpatient attention. Typically, care for adolescents with medically compromised eating disorders occurs in general medical settings, with most care provided by nurses who may or may not have the training and experience to provide quality care for this complex mental health condition. The aim of this scoping review is to examine literature surrounding the experience of nurses caring for adolescents admitted to general medical wards (non‐mental health settings) with medically compromised eating disorders. We used Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) five‐step scoping review process to conduct this review. A systematic search of the literature located 476 relevant papers, and after screening, 10 were included in the final review. Most included papers were qualitative in methodology, with one using a mixed‐methods design. The papers examined in this scoping review found common themes among nurses who were providing care for adolescents with medically compromised eating disorders being cared for in medical wards (non‐mental health settings): a lack of preparation to care for individuals with eating disorders, a high emotional and psychological toll on nurses providing care and a degree of stigma towards adolescents with eating disorders, including a belief that eating disorders were a ‘choice.’ This review indicates that to provide quality and safe care for adolescents with eating disorders admitted to general medical wards, nurses require specialised training. In addition, the care of adolescents with medically compromised eating disorders requires the support of trained mental health nurses, especially where nurses on general medical wards are novice or have limited mental health training. We recommend further research into support structures to prevent burnout and turnover that is prevalent when providing care to individuals with eating disorders.
Incidence and Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization Among Unvaccinated Children
Authors: Zerbo Ousseny , Timbol Julius , Hansen John R. , Goddard Kristin , Layefsky Evan , Ross Pat , Fireman Bruce , Nguyen Dao , Greenhow Tara L. , Klein Nicola P.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with COVID‐19 hospitalization among unvaccinated children.

Methods

Children aged 0– < 18 years, members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), were followed from March 1, 2020, until the earliest occurrence of: chart‐confirmed COVID‐19 hospitalization, disenrollment from KPNC, age 18 years, receipt of COVID‐19 vaccine, death, or study end (December 31, 2022). We calculated the incidence rate of hospitalization by SARS‐CoV‐2 variant period and by age group. We determined risk factors for hospitalization using Poisson regression. We also conducted descriptive analyses of hospitalized cases.

Results

Among 1,107,799 children, 423 were hospitalized for COVID‐19 during follow‐up. The incidence of hospitalization increased with each new SARS‐CoV‐2 variant and was highest among children aged < 6 months. Among the < 6‐month‐olds, the incidence rate per 100,000 person‐months was 7 during predelta, 13.3 during delta, and 22.4 during omicron. Black (RR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.33–3.16) and Hispanic children (RR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.34–2.46) and children with any comorbidities were at high risk of hospitalization (RR = 3.81, 95% CI: 2.94–4.95). Overall, 20.3% of hospitalized children were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), but ICU admission was 36.1% among 12– < 18‐year‐olds. The majority of ICU admits (91.8%) had no comorbidities.

Conclusion

Children too young to be vaccinated had the highest incidence of COVID‐19 hospitalization, while adolescents had the highest proportion of ICU admissions. To prevent severe disease in children and adolescents, everyone eligible should be vaccinated.
Frequency and Genotype‐Dependence of intrinsic chronotropic insufficiency among patients with congenital long QT syndrome
Authors: Kulkarni Veda K. , Pinsky Alexa M. , Bos J. Martijn , Neves Raquel , Bains Sahej , Giudicessi John R. , Allison Thomas G. , Ackerman Michael J.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiac channelopathy characterized by QT prolongation and a potential for arrhythmic syncope, sudden cardiac arrest or deaths (SCA/SCD). It has been speculated that patients with LQTS might have a primary sinoatrial node (SAN) phenotype of chronotropic insufficiency (CI). This has not been demonstrated convincingly before because of the potentially confounding effects of beta blocker (BB) therapy. Herein, we set out to determine whether untreated patients with LQTS demonstrate intrinsic CI.

Methods and Results

A retrospective review of all treadmill exercise stress tests (TEST) was performed on patients with one of the three most common LQTS genotypes: LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3. For each patient, the first TEST completed while off BB was analyzed. Patients with prior left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) therapy were excluded. CI was defined as having an age‐ and gender‐predicted peak heart rate (HR) < 85% and/or a predicted HR reserve (HRR) < 80%. Overall, 463 LQTS patients (245 LQT1, 125 LQT2, and 93 LQT3) were included (267 female [58%]; mean age at time of TEST [29 ± 17 years]). Mean % predicted peak HR for all LQTS patients was 87.6% (range 42.9% ‐ 119.1%) and mean % predicted HRR was 80% (range 19.1% ‐ 153%). Overall, half of all LQTS patients (n = 234; 51%) displayed CI; 64% of patients with LQT1 (n = 157), 37% with LQT2 (n = 46), and 33% with LQT3 (n = 31). Patients with LQT1 were most likely to exhibit CI compared to patients with LQT2 (p < .0001) and LQT3 (p < .0001). CI was significantly more common in LQT1 compared to controls (p < .0001), while there was no difference between LQT2 (p = .5) or LQT3 and controls (p > .9). Presence of CI was not a predictor of LQTS‐associated symptoms, BB side effects or likelihood of future breakthrough cardiac events (BCE).

Conclusions

Patients with LQTS, particularly LQT1, demonstrate a SAN phenotype of CI. If assessing BB therapy effect by impact on peak HR, the patient's pretreatment peak HR, rather than an age‐ and gender‐predicted maximum HR, should be used.
Medical diagnosis based on artificial intelligence and decision support system in the management of health development
Authors: Chen Kaipeng , Luo Liqing , Tan Ye , Chen Gengcong
Published: October 2024

Background

Medical diagnosis plays a critical role in our daily lives. Every day, over 10 billion cases of both mental and physical health disorders are diagnosed and reported worldwide. To diagnose these disorders, medical practitioners and health professionals employ various assessment tools. However, these tools often face scrutiny due to their complexity, prompting researchers to increase their experimental parameters to provide accurate justifications. Additionally, it is essential for professionals to properly justify, interpret, and analyse the results from these prediction tools.

Methods

This research paper explores the use of artificial intelligence and advanced analytics in developing Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). These systems are capable of diagnosing and detecting patterns of various medical disorders. Various machine learning algorithms contribute to building these assessment tools, with the Network Pattern Recognition (NEPAR) algorithm being the first to aid in developing CDSS. Over time, researchers have recognised the value of machine learning‐based prediction models in successfully justifying medical diagnoses.

Results

The proposed CDSS models have demonstrated the ability to diagnose mental disorders with an accuracy of up to 89% using only 28 questions, without requiring human input. For physical health issues, additional parameters are used to enhance the accuracy of CDSS models.

Conclusions

Consequently, medical professionals are increasingly relying on these machine learning‐based CDSS models, utilising these tools to improve medical diagnosis and assist in decision‐making. The different cross‐validation values are considered to remove the data biasness.
The impact of climate change anxiety on premenstrual syndrome: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yesildere Saglam Havva , Mizrak Sahin Berrak
Published: October 2024

Objective

Climate change is thought to have possible effects on changes in the menstruation process, which covers an important period of time in women's lives. Our study aimed to determine the impact of climate change anxiety on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in women of reproductive age.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study. The research was conducted online using various digital platforms between December 2023 and February 2024. This study was conducted on 456 women of reproductive age. The Personal Information Form, PMS Scale and Eco‐Anxiety Scale were used for the data collection. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The prevalence of PMS was 44.7%. The average score for the Eco‐Anxiety Scale was 27.28 ± 6.44. A significant majority of participants (81.4%) stated that climate change would affect women's health, and 81.1% thought that they were affected by climate change. The Eco‐Anxiety Scale scores were higher in women with PMS (p < 0.05). The results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that being affected by climate change (odds ratio [OR] = 2.109, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.045–4.259, p = 0.035), age at menarche (OR = 1.249, 95% Cl = 1.073–1.453, p = 0.004) and Eco‐Anxiety Scale scores were significant predictors of PMS (OR = 0.828, 95% Cl = 0.791–0.867, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results of our study showed that women with PMS had higher Eco‐Anxiety Scale scores. Given the global effects of climate change, it is important to investigate its effects as a risk factor for the emergence of PMS. Furthermore, women's healthcare providers play an important and beneficial role in adapting to a changing climate; these efforts will have long‐term impacts.
Can food sovereignty be institutionalised? Insights from the Cuban experience
Authors: Botella‐Rodríguez Elisa , González‐Esteban Ángel Luis
Published: October 2024

Cuba stands out among Latin American nations for its efforts to institutionalize food sovereignty (FS) through the promotion of alternative small‐scale farming, making it a prime case study for this model. This paper examines the extent to which Cuba has institutionalized FS and the factors driving this process from an agrarian political economy perspective. Public policies, sustainable practices and key actors—including a ‘partner state’—have advanced agroecology as a core strategy to reduce food imports since the early 1990s. However, other entities, such as the military enterprise Grupo de Administración Empresarial S.A. (GAESA), may be seen as obstacles to this strategy. Whilst these struggles and tensions are not unique to Cuba, the island stands out for its decisive steps in institutionalizing FS. Cuba has achieved significant ‘pockets’ or ‘spaces’ of FS, despite lacking a fully consolidated domestic food system.
Safety and efficacy of tisotumab vedotin with cervical cancers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mokresh Muhammed Edib , Alomari Omar , Varda Abdullah , Akdag Goncagul , Odabas Hatice
Published: October 2024

Background

Tisotumab vedotin (TV) holds promise for treating recurrence or metastatic cervical cancer (r/mCC), with recent FDA approval for second‐line use in recurrent or metastatic cases. Our research aims to evaluate TV's efficacy and safety in these patients, focusing on overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) outcomes.

Methods

We searched five electronic databases in February 2024, retrieved articles, screened them based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessed their quality. A meta‐analysis of the extracted data was performed and applied a random‐effects model for our analysis.

Results

The search identified 86 articles, with six meeting the inclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis revealed 80.8% and 48.0% OS at 6 and 12 months, and a 29.9% PFS at 6 months. Combined treatment with carboplatin or pembrolizumab showed 33.0% PFS at 1 year and 15.1% at 2 years. The objective response rate (ORR) was 21.0%, reaching 43.3% with combined treatment. Confirmed disease control rate (CDCR) was 70.0% overall and in combination. The median duration of response (DOR) was 6.1 months, increasing to 9.5 months in combined treatment, with a consistent time to response (TTR) of 1.4 months. Adverse events included ocular issues (conjunctivitis 30.3%, dry eye 18.7%) and common side effects (nausea 38.4%, epistaxis 35.7%).

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta‐analysis highlights the potential of TV as a treatment option for r/mCC patients. However, healthcare providers must communicate safety profiles and recommend prophylactic measures for optimal patient outcomes. Further studies, particularly assessing combination treatments, are needed to clarify TV's role in treatment algorithms and improve clinical outcomes.
Trust at the border: identifying risk and assessing credibility on reality television
Authors: SMITH‐KHAN LAURA , PILLER INGRID , TORSH HANNA
Published: October 2024

Every day, officers working at international airports investigate potential risks to state safety and security. But how do they decide who they can trust, and also ensure that the broader public trusts them to conduct this work? This article explores these questions through an examination of the reality television show Border Security: Australia's Front Line. Through critical discourse analysis of a collection of 108 televised airport encounters, we explore the aspects of communication, behaviour, and identity made salient in officers’ evaluations of passengers’ credibility and critically examine the assumptions underlying them. Further, we consider how power and role divisions are implicated in the construction of passenger and officer credibility, both within border encounters and in discourses about them. Our analysis makes a novel contribution to the literature on credibility assessments in intercultural communication, demonstrating how an institutional and social ‘culture of disbelief’ is constructed vis‐à‐vis certain groups through seemingly banal border work.
Assessment of Cervical Joint Position Sense and Head Posture in Individuals With Myogenic Temporomandibular Dysfunctions and Identifying Related Factors: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Yüzbaşıoğlu Ümit , Kaynak Besime Ahu , Taş Serkan
Published: October 2024

Background

Temporomandibular dysfunctions (TMDs) have the potential to cause changes in cervical muscle strength, muscle endurance and position sense by changing muscle activation patterns, especially as a result of forward head posture. The effects of TMDs on cervical joint position sense (CJPS) and head posture remain controversial.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the head posture and CJPS of individuals with TMDs and compare them with healthy individuals.

Methods

This research, which was designed as a case‐control study, was concluded with the inclusion of total of 84 participants (42 individuals diagnosed with myogenic TMDs, 42 controls). The assessment of participants included pain severity, neck and jaw functionality and disability, CJPS, head posture and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) range of motion (ROM).

Results

Individuals with TMDs exhibited higher angular deviation in CJPS during flexion and extension (p < 0.001). Additionally, individuals with TMDs demonstrated higher TMJ pain, limitation and dysfunction severity, as well as a more limited TMJ ROM (p < 0.001). Head posture was similar between groups (p > 0.05). There is a significant relationship between VAS‐TMJ with VAS‐cervical, FAI, NDI, JFLS‐8 and TMJ ROM (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between NDI with FAI and TMJ ROM (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

These results indicate that in addition to higher pain severity, disability and lower jaw ROM, CJPS of individuals with TMDs is also negatively affected. Also, parameters related to disability and functionality of cervical and TMJ were significantly correlated. Further studies are needed to determine the factors contributing to these results.
How to address the barriers to meaningful adolescent involvement in health research: A qualitative study
Authors: Warraitch Azza , Wacker Ciara , Buckley Emer , Bourke Ashling , Hadfield Kristin
Published: October 2024

The under‐involvement of adolescents in health research has been attributed to multiple barriers faced by both researchers and adolescents. Despite identifying these barriers, the literature offers few solutions, mostly from the perspective of researchers. To address this, we conducted a qualitative study to explore effective strategies to address these barriers from the perspective of both researchers and adolescents. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with adolescents (n = 25) and researchers (n = 25) from 14 countries. We included adolescents aged 10–24 years with experience of contributing to health research studies and health researchers with experience of engaging adolescents in health research. The interviews explored the mitigation strategies to commonly reported barriers to meaningful adolescent involvement for researchers and adolescents. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. We identified three overarching strategies to address the commonly experienced barriers to adolescent involvement. First, participants suggested the need to plan for adequate resources, organizational support, capacity building, accessibility, compensation, and adolescents' safety. Second, they recommended building relationships by engaging the community, fostering trust and respect with adolescents, promoting teamwork, and maintaining transparent communication. Third, they proposed making involvement engaging for adolescents by creating a conducive environment, increasing their representation, using interesting methods, and addressing power dynamics. These findings build on the current best practices for adolescent involvement in health research by highlighting which strategies should be incorporated early on to plan for and prevent potential challenges to adolescent involvement.
Translating agile management practices into a traditional industry context
Authors: Kreye Melanie E. , Ramirez Hernandez Tabea , Eppinger Steven
Published: October 2024

This study explores the translation of agile management practices (agile) into a traditional industry context. Using a case study of agile adoption in a development project in a large traditional company of the aerospace and defense industry, this research investigates how the translation process unfolds by studying how both idea and context are adapted to create shared meaning. This research makes two main contributions. First, this research introduces translation theory to the innovation management literature and details its applicability in explaining variations in outcomes of applying management practices in new organizational contexts. Our research suggests that this constitutes a complementary theoretical lens to diffusion theory, enabling the explanation of the process to create shared meaning when idea and recipient context have a low level of compatibility. Second, this research shows the process of translating agile into a traditional context through a non‐linear joint creation of meaning. The process was shaped largely by the experience and resolution of project‐external (i.e., with the surrounding organization) and project‐internal conflicts, which in turn motivated the idea or context to adapt. The study identifies two central concepts, namely isolation, and shielding, which determine how the translation process unfolds and how meaning is created. Managerial implications based on these contributions are presented and discussed.
Changes in Microbial Ecosystems and Serum Metabolomics by Diet Supplementation With Enramycin in Weaning Piglets
Authors: Umemura Kana , Miyata Shiho , Lyu Guanlin , Suda Yoshihito , Yoshimoto Yuto , Terajima Taiki , Liu Hong , Kambe Jun , Makioka‐Itaya Yuko , Inoue Ryo , Li Chunmei , Yamamoto Yuki , Nagaoka Kentaro
Published: October 2024

Antibiotics are used in swine production for growth promotion and disease prevention, raising concerns about environmental contamination and antibiotic resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of enramycin supplementation on piglet growth, gut microbiota and blood metabolites. Enramycin promotes piglet growth and temporarily reduces diarrhoea. Gut microbiota analysis revealed changes in microbial composition, including an increase in the abundance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Metabolomic analysis has identified elevated levels of dimethylglycine, a known growth‐promoting factor, in the enramycin group. Liver gene expression analysis revealed increased mRNA levels of ALDH and dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, which are enzymes involved in dimethylglycine metabolism. The enramycin‐treated group had a higher concentration of acetic acid in caecal contents, and their caecal acetic acid concentrations were positively correlated with the abundance of L. reuteri and the content of serum dimethylglycine, respectively. These findings suggest that the promotion effect of enramycin on piglet growth is related to the gut microbiota, blood metabolites and liver gene expression, which provide insights into antibiotic alternatives for swine production.
Population genetics of the freshwater red alga Batrachospermum gelatinosum (Rhodophyta) II: Phylogeographic analyses reveal spatial genetic structure among and within five major drainage basins in eastern North America
Authors: Crowell Roseanna M. , Shainker‐Connelly Sarah J. , Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. , Vis Morgan L.
Published: October 2024

The freshwater red alga Batrachospermum gelatinosum has a well‐documented distribution spanning historically glaciated and unglaciated eastern North America. This alga has no known desiccation‐resistant propagule; thus, long‐distance dispersal events are likely rare. We predicted strong genetic structure among drainage basins and admixture among sites within basins. We predicted greater genetic diversity at lower latitude sites because they likely serve as refugia and the origin of northward, post‐Pleistocene range expansion. We used 10 microsatellite loci to investigate genetic diversity from 311 gametophytes from 18 sites in five major drainage basins: South Atlantic Gulf, Mid‐Atlantic, Ohio River, Great Lakes, and Northeast. Our data showed strong genetic partitioning among drainage basins and among sites within basins, yet no isolation by distance was detected. Genetic diversity varied widely among sites and was not strictly related to latitude as predicted. The results from B. gelatinosum provide strong support that each stream site contributes to the unique genetic variation within the species, potentially due to limited dispersal and the prevailing reproductive mode of intragametophytic selfing. Simulations of migration suggested post‐Pleistocene dispersal from the Mid‐Atlantic. Batrachospermum gelatinosum potentially persisted in refugia that were just south of the ice margins rather than in the southernmost part of its range. Research of other taxa with similar ranges could determine whether these results are generally applicable for freshwater red algae. Nevertheless, these results from B. gelatinosum add to the growing literature focused on the patterns and genetic consequences of post‐Pleistocene range expansion by eastern North American biota.
A machine‐learning algorithm to grade heart murmurs and stage preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs
Authors: McDonald Andrew , Novo Matos Jose , Silva Joel , Partington Catheryn , Lo Eve J. Y. , Luis Fuentes Virginia , Barron Lara , Watson Penny , Agarwal Anurag
Published: October 2024

Background

The presence and intensity of heart murmurs are sensitive indicators of several cardiac diseases in dogs, particularly myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), but accurate interpretation requires substantial clinical expertise.

Objectives

Assess if a machine‐learning algorithm can be trained to accurately detect and grade heart murmurs in dogs and detect cardiac disease in electronic stethoscope recordings.

Animals

Dogs (n = 756) with and without cardiac disease attending referral centers in the United Kingdom.

Methods

All dogs received full physical and echocardiographic examinations by a cardiologist to grade any murmurs and identify cardiac disease. A recurrent neural network algorithm, originally trained for heart murmur detection in humans, was fine‐tuned on a subset of the dog data to predict the cardiologist's murmur grade from the audio recordings.

Results

The algorithm detected murmurs of any grade with a sensitivity of 87.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83.8%‐92.1%) and a specificity of 81.7% (95% CI, 72.8%‐89.0%). The predicted grade exactly matched the cardiologist's grade in 57.0% of recordings (95% CI, 52.8%‐61.0%). The algorithm's prediction of loud or thrilling murmurs effectively differentiated between stage B1 and B2 preclinical MMVD (area under the curve [AUC], 0.861; 95% CI, 0.791‐0.922), with a sensitivity of 81.4% (95% CI, 68.3%‐93.3%) and a specificity of 73.9% (95% CI, 61.5%‐84.9%).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

A machine‐learning algorithm trained on humans can be successfully adapted to grade heart murmurs in dogs caused by common cardiac diseases, and assist in differentiating preclinical MMVD. The model is a promising tool to enable accurate, low‐cost screening in primary care.
Developing Second Language Mandarin Fluency Through Pedagogic Intervention and Study Abroad: Planning Time, Speech Rate, and Response Duration
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Halenko Nicola
Published: October 2024

This longitudinal study examines the effects of a pre‐study abroad (SA) pedagogic intervention and subsequent SA experience on second language (L2) Mandarin fluency. It explores two temporal aspects of oral fluency—planning time and speech rate—along with one performance measure, duration of response. Additionally, L2 contact data were included as a supplementary variable in the analysis. The experimental group was assessed at three points: before instruction (T1), after 2 weeks of instruction (T2), and post‐SA (T3). A non‐instructed control group that participated in the SA period provided baseline data. Both groups demonstrated improved fluency after the SA period, with the experimental group showing superior performance in planning time, speech rate, and duration of response. The greatest reduction in between‐group differences occurred at T2 and persisted over time. These findings highlight that combining targeted instruction with exposure is highly effective, with L2 contact strongly correlating with overall fluency gains.
Exploring factors affecting adherence to multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in Cambodia: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Labonté Jocelyne M. , Hoang Mai‐Anh , Panicker Aishwarya , Kroeun Hou , Sokchea Meng , Sambo Sreang , Sokhal Vin , Sauer Cassandra , Chea Mary , Karakochuk Crystal D.
Published: October 2024

For decades, iron‐folic acid (IFA) supplements have been provided to pregnant women in Cambodia through antenatal care (ANC) services. However, mounting evidence suggests that multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) are superior to IFA supplements in achieving positive pregnancy outcomes. The possibility of transitioning from IFA supplements to MMS in government‐run health centres is currently being assessed in Cambodia. A crucial component of this assessment involves identifying factors that can influence adherence to MMS, as low adherence can reduce supplement effectiveness. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the potential barriers and enablers to MMS adherence and identify the strengths and challenges of current ANC services. Data were collected through nine focus group discussions with pregnant women (n = 19), family members (n = 18) and midwives (n = 18) and three in‐depth interviews with maternal and child health chiefs (n = 3) in Cambodia and analysed via content analysis. Factors found to influence MMS adherence included attitudes, perceptions and beliefs about MMS; knowledge related to supplementation; ANC counselling; family influence; physical health; access to ANC; supply of MMS; and supplementation norms. Noted strengths of ANC services were the quality of ANC materials, tailored patient education, midwife–patient relationships and flexibility of provided services. Primary challenges related to poor availability of ANC materials, inadequate midwife training, heavy workload, limited funding and suboptimal physical spaces for delivering ANC services. To effectively promote MMS adherence, strategies must involve pregnant women, family members and community leaders; seek to address knowledge gaps and misconceptions related to MMS; and enhance the availability and accessibility of ANC services.
Skin Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome Responses to Diet Supplementation and Rewilding in the Critically Endangered Southern Corroboree Frog
Authors: Risely Alice , Byrne Phillip G. , Hunter David A. , Carranco Ana S. , Hoye Bethany J. , Silla Aimee J.
Published: October 2024

The composition and dynamics of the skin bacterial and fungal microbiome is thought to influence host‐pathogen defence. This microbial community is shaped by host captivity, diet, and microbial interactions between bacterial and fungal components. However, there remains little understanding of how specific micronutrients influence bacterial and fungal microbiome composition and their inter‐domain interactions during rewilding of captive‐bred animals. This study experimentally investigated the effect of dietary beta‐carotene supplementation and subsequent field release on bacterial and fungal microbiome composition and dynamics using the Southern Corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree) as a model system. We found large‐scale diversification of bacterial communities post‐release and similar diversification of fungal communities. The rewilded fungal mycobiome was more transient and demonstrated stronger temporal and micro‐spatial fluctuations than the bacterial microbiome. Accounting for temporal and spatial factors, we found strong residual associations between bacterial members, yet limited evidence for inter‐domain associations, suggesting that co‐occurrence patterns between bacterial and fungal communities are largely a result of shared responses to the environment rather than direct interactions. Lastly, we found supplementation of dietary beta‐carotene in captivity had no impact on post‐release microbiome diversity, yet was associated with approximately 15% of common bacterial and fungal genera. Our research demonstrates that environmental factors play a dominant role over dietary beta‐carotene supplementation in shaping microbiome diversity post‐release, and suggest inter‐domain interactions may also only exert a minor influence. Further research on the function and ecology of skin bacterial and fungal microbiomes will be crucial for developing strategies to support survival of endangered amphibian species.
Combination of nusinersen and rehabilitation using hybrid assistive limb for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Tsuda Yo , Ueki Yoshino , Kawaguchi Takatsune , Taniguchi Yoko , Madokoro Yuta , Kobayashi Takafumi , Hattori Ayako , Kashima Shuto , Hibino Hiroaki , Saitoh Shinji , Matsukawa Noriyuki
Published: October 2024

An antisense oligonucleotide drug nusinersen can improve motor function of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients. The Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) is a wearable robot assisting the wearers' movements in real time. Gait rehabilitation using HAL is useful for SMA. However, the efficacy of combined treatment has never been reported before. We have investigated the efficacy of combining both therapies. A 21‐year‐old man, genetically diagnosed with type 3 SMA, was treated by combining nusinersen and five sessions of gait rehabilitation using HAL over 2 years. Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale‐Expanded (HFMSE) score improved by 12 points after treatment. Electrophysiological parameters of the tibial nerves improved. Muscle volume also increased by 8% at 39 months. The combined therapy resulted in a good clinical outcome. This may be due to promotion of nerve regeneration and recovery of muscle volume by a synergy of nusinersen and motor learning correctly guided by HAL.
Phosphorous metabolism and manipulation in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Marando Marco , Tamburello Adriana , Salera Davide , Di Lullo Luca , Bellasi Antonio
Published: October 2024

Chronic kidney disease‐mineral bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) is a syndrome commonly observed in subjects with impaired renal function. Phosphate metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CKD‐MBD and according to the phosphorocentric hypothesis may be the key player in the pathogenesis of these abnormalities. As phosphorous is an essential component for life, absorption from the bowel, accumulation and release from the bones, and elimination through the kidneys are all homeostatic mechanisms that maintain phosphate balance through very sophisticated feedback mechanisms, which comprise as main actors: vitamin D (VD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calciproteins particles (CPPs), fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) and other phosphatonins and klotho. Indeed, as the renal function declines, factors such as FGF‐23 and PTH prevent phosphate accumulation and hyperphosphatemia. However, these factors per se may be responsible for the organ damages associated with CKD‐MBD, such as bone osteodystrophy and vascular calcification. We herein review the current understanding of the CKD‐MBD focusing on phosphorous metabolism and the impact of phosphate manipulation on surrogate and hard outcomes.

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