bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Context Effects in Bilingual Language Processing
Authors: Kaur Sugandha , Som Bidisha
Published: November 2021

Previous studies show that the presence of a context word in picture naming either facilitates or interferes with the naming. Although there has been extensive research in this area, there are many conflicting findings, making it difficult to reach firm conclusions. This chapter aims to delve into the dynamics of such processing and understand the nuances involved in experimental manipulations that may influence the pattern of results and be responsible for differences in outcomes. The series of experiments reported in this chapter was aimed at refining our understanding of mechanisms in the way bilinguals process language production by examining two different paradigms—primed picture naming and picture-word interference. This was investigated by manipulating both the type of visual context words presented with the picture and the time interval between the presentation of context word and picture. The results are interpreted within the context of current models of lexical access.
Locating the Transrhetorical in Multilingual Writing
Authors: Anyango-Kivuva Leonora
Published: November 2021

Students' lived lives and experiences are tools that they can use to learn and own their writing as they grow and become fluent writers. Theorists have described different ways that students draw from their first languages and culture to write in another language. This chapter showcases how two African students bring their culture of orality into the classroom and use it as a tool to understand, develop, and conquer their writing. The chapter gives examples of the students' narratives as they navigate their writing. As they write, they constantly dig into their culture through tools of translation in order to perform, inform, and transform their writing in English, a language that is different both linguistically and culturally from their own.
The Effects of Transitional Bilingual Education vs. Dual Language Immersion on English Language Learners' Reading Assessment Scores
Authors: Colón Vanessa , Szabo Susan , Riley Jacqueline
Published: November 2021

This action research study was completed in a North Texas school district where English language learners comprised 52% of the K-12 student population during the 2015-2016 academic school year. Data from a campus which used a two-way dual language immersion (DLI) program and another campus which used a transitional bilingual education (TBE) program were evaluated. The study analyzed the district's third to fifth grade reading assessment results of 128 students from the DLI campus and 223 from the TBE campus. Researchers compared the scores of students in each program to determine if one bilingual model produced higher scores than another. The results showed that there were greater gains for ELLs in the TBE program at all grade levels (third to fifth). Although the TBE program resulted in higher student scores, limitations make it unclear to what degree the program impacted students' achievement.
The Relationship Between Oral Language and Reading in English-Only, Proficient Bilingual, and Emergent Bilingual Adolescents
Authors: Huang Becky H.
Published: November 2021

The chapter examined the English language and reading outcomes and the relationship between language and reading for two bilingual adolescent groups (Proficient Bilinguals and Emergent Bilinguals) and their English-only peers (n = 78 total). Participants completed a variety of English language assessments, and their scores from a standardized accountability reading assessment were collected from their teachers. Results from the study showed that Proficient Bilinguals performed comparably to their English-only peers in all language and reading measures, suggesting that simply being bilingual does not detract from adolescents' English language proficiency. Furthermore, the relationships between oral language and reading differed as a function of participants' English language proficiency. Oral language skills correlated with reading for both bilinguals and English-only adolescents, but the relationships were more robust for bilinguals than for English-only adolescents. Finally, the relationship between speech production and reading was significantly only for Emergent Bilinguals and not for Proficient Bilinguals.
A Bilingual Child Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Bridges-Bond Sheila
Published: November 2021

Silvia and Antonio Juarez described their 4-year-old son Emanuel as often happy. Emanuel came from a bilingual home and spoke both Spanish and English. His favorite activities were reading and playing with his iPad over-and-over again. Reading was a favorite pasttime and something that the Juarez's felt he did well. While he was described as “loving to engage people,” it was not clear that his efforts were successful nor was it clear that they were reciprocated. Briefly observing Emanuel's interaction with his parents, it was noted Emanuel used echolalic phrases and engaged in repetitive and restricted behaviors, toe walking, and finger flicking. These behaviors were noted to be unusual and warranted further evaluation. The Juarez's primary concern was regarding Emanuel's “talking and being able to hold a conversation.” Through speech and language therapy, the family expected that Emanuel's communication skills would improve, and he would be able to participate in conversations and talk in sentences.
English or Englishes?
Authors: Rahal Aicha
Published: November 2021

The discipline of World Englishes has been one of the most thriving branches of English linguistics. This branch has become the focal focus of considerable debate. The chapter mainly aims to show the multilingual reality of English. It is an attempt to answer the question “Do we have English or Englishes?” The chapter tries to study the recent situation of English as a lingua franca. It first gives an overview of the spread of English and the emergence of new Englishes. Then, it presents the principals of traditional applied linguistics and second language acquisition. It also discusses the concepts of World Englishes, multilingualism, and pluralism. After that, the chapter presents the World Englishes debate to show the gap between monocentrists and pluralists. Finally, the study sheds light on the fact that Englishes reflect the multilingual reality of English.
A Methodological Approach for Creating Urban Commons of Wellness in Public Open Spaces in the City of Chania
Authors: Mavroudi Sofia , Parthenios Panagiotis
Published: November 2021

To investigate the wellbeing factor within the urban context, the authors developed a methodological process for understanding and recreating the term “wellness” focusing on the public open spaces of the city. Using as case study the city of Chania, this research firstly proposes the assessment of four well-being indicators in specific areas of the city linking their effect on people's disposition and then uses the generated data for the redesign of public open spaces in terms of strengthening urban prosperity, with a comprehensive six-step methodology that combines participatory processes and methods based on GIS technologies. This chapter is structured into three main sections as follows: the first section elaborates on the research questions and justification of methods used, the second proceeds with the analysis of the proposed methodology while the third section highlights its overall assessment. Finally, some concluding remarks are expressed for further research.
Use of Plastic Waste in Bitumen
Authors: Singh Aditya , Bhowmik Saumyadeep
Published: November 2021

There has been a sudden increase in population and in the establishment of different industries due to which we are having waste pollution problems, including plastic waste. Discarding of plastic waste is a major problem, as it is non-biodegradable. When we mix plastic waste with bitumen, we are able to enhance bitumen's physical properties for a specific road mix. Then, bitumen's stability and water resisting capacity is upgraded. Plus, it acts as a more superior binding material than without the addition of plastic waste. Through this work, we are able to find the optimum percentage of bitumen to be substituted with plastic waste. This will also act as a part of smart waste disposal in smart cities and improve the air quality with increase environmental, economic parameters of the place leading to the improvement in human health in urban areas.
Taking a Student-Centred Approach to Alternative Digital Credentials
Authors: Lauricella Sharon , McArthur Fiona A.
Published: November 2021

As the acquisition of microcredentials becomes a more common practice, the authors foresee that there will emerge a variety of ways in which students can acquire microcredentials; such acquisition may manifest across multiple academic courses, programs, or experiences. In this chapter, they address how microcredentials are incorporated into and assessed across multiple pathways at their institution. These pathways include options for self-study, integrated academic programming, and co-curricular activities. The approach to both microcredentials and this chapter is student-focused. Rather than placing attention upon the revenue generation potential of microcredentials, this chapter addresses the methods through which universities can serve students in their goals to attain and demonstrate skills associated with microcredentials.
Contemporary Populist Representation and Its Implications for Democracy
Authors: Drávucz Renáta Ryoko
Published: November 2021

This chapter aims to shed light on the connections between populism, democracy, and democratic theory by providing a theoretical assessment of contemporary populism and populist representation as an alternative form of political representation to party government or as a corrective of it. The chapter summarizes the conceptual background relating to democracies, populism, and contextual surroundings. Then, it proceeds to investigate how they relate to each other in present-day politics. The author argues that populism is a strategic political style that exploits the gap between the promise and the actual performance of democracies thus reflects on democratic reality. Hence, it embodies what realist democratic theory has argued for quite some time now about the nature of politics. Namely: voters are irrational, our notions of democracy are delusional and populist politicians seem to have realized it first..
Polarization and Platformization of News in Italian Journalism
Authors: De Blasio Emiliana , Rega Rossella , Valente Michele
Published: November 2021

Integration between digital platforms and news organizations has produced a substantial platformization of news. This phenomenon has been accompanied by a growing political polarization of journalistic content, exacerbated in Italy by the high level of partisanship that traditionally characterizes the national media. This chapter outlines one part of a wider study on the debate about the regularization of migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study, based on mixed methods and a two-level analytical approach, considers articles and posts published on Facebook by 12 different news providers (top-down) along with users' comments on this content (bottom-up). The authors here present the investigation into the coverage of migrant worker regularization by discussing the findings of the evaluative assertion and news frame analyses carried out on the selected articles and posts. Using this multidimensional approach, the study highlights the persistent nature of polarization within a highly fragmented public sphere.
Intermedia Agenda-Setting Effect of Latino Television in the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: Flores María de los Ángeles
Published: November 2021

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global health crisis from a viral disease known as COVID-19 caused by a coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. The world population went into a mandatory lockdown and obligatory use of face masks to prevent the virus from spreading. Within this epidemiological context, in late August 2020, on the first day of the general election campaign period, the United States had reached about 6 million cases of COVID-19 and approximately 190K deaths, according to its Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Against all expectations, voter turnout to elect the 46th President set a civic participation record that had not been observed in over 100 years. The aim of this study is to examine the journalistic information disseminated by U.S. Spanish-language television media to Latino voters which motivated them to get out to vote. The theoretical foundation is Agenda-Setting theory focusing on the intermedia agenda-setting effect between Telemundo and Univision by measuring the level of salience emerging from their own news agendas.
Citizens, Polarization, and the Pandemic in the Italian Hybrid News Media System
Authors: Iannelli Laura , Marino Giada , Serani Danilo , Valeriani Augusto
Published: November 2021

Italy was the first Western democracy to experience mass lockdown in response to COVID-19. In the early stages of the pandemic, citizens' trust in the government increased and journalists “indexed” to institutional sources; however, elite polarization was not long in coming, in tandem with an infodemic. Rooted in this context, this longitudinal study investigates Italian citizens' positions on an issue which lies at the very heart of democracy: the balance between public health and individual freedoms. Findings indicate that citizens' opinions did not polarize between extreme communitarian and libertarian stances. On the contrary, a significant majority of citizens expressed strong beliefs in the primacy of public health over their freedoms. Extreme libertarians were only a minority, and their positions were driven by a completely different vision of the news reliability of “older” and “newer” media arenas, different attitudes toward the “official truth,” and different levels of trust in the government to those of extreme communitarians. Implications are discussed in the conclusion.
Citizens' Political Discourses on Climate Change and Vaccines
Authors: Moreno-Castro Carolina , Dzimińska Małgorzata , Krzewińska Aneta , Warwas Izabela , Serra-Perales Ana
Published: November 2021

The main objective of this chapter is to compare the political discourses of Polish and Spanish citizens on science issues such as vaccines and climate change expressed by the citizens participating in the public consultations held in València (Spain) and Łódź (Poland) during the autumn of 2019. As the general elections were held very close to the public consultations in both countries, it was expected that there would be references to election campaigns, political parties, or public policymaking during the debates. Then, those statements explicitly expressing political views on climate change and vaccines were selected from the debate transcripts before applying five specific frames and variables for analysis and interpretation. The results show that more political opinions were expressed in the debates on climate change than on vaccines. Moreover, the citizens' views on the science-politics dichotomy mainly were negative, with the men mixing science with politics more than the women.
Innovation Dynamics Through the Encouragement of Knowledge Spin-Off From Touristic Destinations
Authors: Vairinho Sofia
Published: November 2021

The present approach aims to explore the innovation dynamic that may lead to knowledge opportunities in a specific regional cluster characterized by a strong touristic positioning. The new technology-based companies, namely the spin-out created from university research, represent a possible and reliable approach to the economy stimulation. This said, it is mandatory to explore the topics that will allow a reflection on the networks associated with innovation processes, developed from the relations between the public universe (including universities and research centers), and the new technology or humanistic based companies. This chapter intends to be a contribution to the discussion of innovation clusters and sets the preliminary issues to discuss and implement an innovation ecosystem. This chapter explores and reflects the importance of regional innovation clusters dynamics, setting and describing the steps and specific strategical procedures in order to implement an innovation ecosystem, using as example a specific touristic territory.
Higher Education Leadership in a Changing World
Authors: Fernandez Antonio Arturo , Shaw Graham Paul
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus pandemic remains one of the most significant and unpredictable global public health crises. The disease (COVID-19) caused by the virus represents a complex and ambiguous adaptive crisis that prompted the rise of the allostatic higher education leader. These leaders were able to learn from the pandemic and inspire faculty to exhibit similar leadership behaviors such as connecting with people, distributing leadership, and communicating clearly. COVID-19 provided higher education leadership with the opportunity for mission-driven changes related to course delivery models, pedagogy, student choices, affordability, access, and opportunity, and the post-COVID-19 institute of higher education will be a better place to work, and more student-centric. Those academic leaders with the adaptive capacity to see the crisis as an opportunity will envision a continued role for new and disruptive technologies. The pandemic has also provided faculty leaders with an opportunity for self-reflection that in many cases was long overdue.
Creating an Agile University During COVID
Authors: Sengupta Enakshi , Fontan Victoria
Published: November 2021

The world has seen conflict and political instability since World War II, but currently the world is uniting to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, although education has suffered with schools and universities closed for long periods. The practice of social distancing minimized interpersonal contact in all higher educational institutions. Afghanistan was catapulted into the online learning community despite having limited infrastructure. The American University of Afghanistan (AUAF) had faced disruption of normal university life in 2016 when terrorists attacked the university. This chapter will highlight some of the best practices at AUAF implemented to make the university agile. Secondary data was collected from the university to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning, with further improvements identified, implemented, and evaluated. The findings show that while the campus prepared to open for students along with the HyFlex model of face to face, synchronous online, and asynchronous online teaching, the institution continues to remain agile, irrespective of the situation.
Strategic Competencies and Skills for Future University Leaders
Authors: Mahlangu Vimbi Petrus , Moloto Boledi Melita
Published: November 2021

The aim of the chapter is to explore competencies and strategic skills required for future university leaders to be more agile in their daily activities. Coping with the pandemic has been particularly difficult for some universities because they serve several different stakeholder, albeit overlapping, functions. The focus will be on the strategic skills that are required for future university leaders and what needs to be done to change universities to be more agile in the future. To contribute to the development of best practices in higher education leadership through approaches and strategies that will be in line with future universities, data will be collected via literature review.
Revisiting the Public Administration Education
Authors: Kulaç Onur
Published: November 2021

Political and economic developments in the 20th century affected the forms and preferences of public service delivery. In addition, the increasing demands and expectations of citizens, the development in information and communication technologies and, finally, international crises, and in particular, COVID-19 pandemic lead to differences on the idea of public administration (PA) discipline and education. South Korea has become one of the prominent countries in the field of PA with its great transformation and change in the historical process. The foremost aim of this study is to scrutinize the PA of South Korea, which has successes in many policy areas in the past 50 years, from the perspective of education and discipline development. To this end, the emergence and the development of the discipline and education of PA in South Korea will be discussed. In addition, the discipline of PA in South Korea will be examined in terms of internationalization and global engagement. Finally, policy recommendations regarding the South Korean PA education and discipline will be presented.
Public Policy and Its Definition in the Polish Legal System in Light of Scientific Conceptions
Authors: Bieniek Karol , Podgórska-Rykała Joanna Maria
Published: November 2021

Public policy definition has been added to “Development Policy and its Principles Bill” together with an amendment on July 15, 2020 (in force since November 13, 2020). This new regulation underlines that “it is the document which formulates basic conditions, goals and directions of country`s development in social, economic, and spatial planning dimensions in particular field or area that result directly from development strategy.” In this context, it is reasonable to investigate how the term “public policy” is understood and perceived in scientific research and conceptions basically due to a fact that this idea already has well established and solid definitions, far broader that one created by Polish lawmakers.
Communicating Social and Emotional Needs
Authors: Tunc Emine , Hossain Nausheen , Haq Ambereen , Yildirim Yetkin
Published: November 2021

Around March of 2020, the deadly virus of COVID-19 had sprung its way to various areas of the globe. It was not too long after the rise of this coronavirus that the magnitude of COVID-19 had reached so far as to have it be recognized as a global pandemic. As a result of the virus's rapid spread, numerous education institutions across the world were met with the obligation to promptly shift to virtual learning. While virtual learning has allowed students to continue their education amidst a tense atmosphere, students had and continue to face various disruptions towards their learning process and track. With a barrier towards thorough communication, students have been unable to obtain the social and emotional needs they require which has and progresses in adversely affecting their educational needs.
Warfare, Oral Tradition, and Tourism
Authors: Gülüm Erol
Published: November 2021

Turkish folk narratives formed around the Gallipoli Campaign, which reflect the mental, psychological, and cultural attitude of Turks towards this war and hold an important place in Turkish folklore, also have the potential to make significant contributions to battlefield tourism of the region. The effective, creative, and innovative uses of the folk narratives conveying the mystical, supernatural, and miraculous events believed to have taken place in this war can be used in the enrichment and diversification of space, products, services, and experiences offered in battlefield tourism. The ultimate aim of the study is to discuss how authentic, creative, and innovative tourist attractions can be created by the valorization, remediation, and reenactment of intangible war heritage based on the example of the relationship between folk narratives about the Gallipoli Campaign and battlefield tourism in the Gallipoli Peninsula.
The Literary Geography of İstanbul and the Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar in the Framework of the Narration and Tourism Relationship
Authors: Öztürk Zeliha
Published: November 2021

This chapter aims to evaluate the works made under the title “the literary geography of İstanbul” concerning literary tourism in the activities carried out by the Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar Research and Application Centre regarding Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and the novel Huzur. In this framework, the author examines the tourist experiences of literary tourists in actual and fictitious localities, their psycho-aesthetic experiences, the relationships they build with the city, the method used by the research center in these touristic activities, as well as the consequences of these experiences for literary tourism. The potential of Turkish literature in determining the future of cultural tourism and literary tourism will also be evaluated.
Evaluating the Use of Digital Cartography to Showcase the Intangible Heritage
Authors: Arcos-Pumarola Jordi , Imbert-Bouchard Ribera Daniel , Guitart Casalderrey Núria
Published: November 2021

New narratives are essential for ensuring the sustainability of tourist destinations and improving visitor experience. One key resource destination that can be drawn on is intangible heritage, which digital cartography can help visitors to interpret. The overall objective of this chapter is to analyze—from a multidisciplinary perspective—the opportunities digital cartography offers for the exploitation of literary heritage. The authors present an evaluation tool (validated by experts), whose aim is to analyze the different dimensions and elements that should be incorporated in digital maps. The intention is to enable the analysis of existing digital literary tourism maps and to encourage the future use of the many options offered by digital cartography in maps of this nature.
Marine Life Features and Their Transmissibility Through Broadcasting
Authors: Ramos Jorge
Published: November 2021

Avid readers find in literature real or imaginary scenarios, which are written in such a way that make them visit the portrayed places. The same goes for films, or documentary series, where the narrator plays a fundamental role in captivating the viewer. Both means are inductors of cultural and/or nature tourism, regardless of everyone's personal motivations. The transmission of values is important and varies over time. In the past some marine animals were perceived negatively by humans, which has faded over time. Ecotourism with activities related to the sea is a relatively recent tourism niche. Nature films or series are often boosters of impulses in tourists for the search for natural, unexplored places or places with little human pressure. Some tourist activities in the nature tourism line developed all over the world—from this induction—such as the cases of diving and observation of marine animals.
Building Racial Justice Into a Master's Program
Authors: Crawford Jenifer , Cain Ebony C. , Hamilton Erica
Published: November 2021

This chapter describes a five-year equity initiative to transform a language teacher education professional master's program into one that cultivates racial justice and equity-minded practices in graduates. This chapter will review program work over the last five years on two critical efforts involved in the ongoing five-year equity-minded initiatives. The program activities include data review and planning from 2017 to 2018 and equity curricular re-design from 2018 to 2020, where faculty revised program goals, curriculum, and syllabi. Critical race theory and equity-mindedness frameworks guided this equity initiative's process, goals, and content. The authors argue that building racial justice into a professional master's program requires applying a critical race analysis to the normative assumptions about academic program redesign. Individual and institutional challenges are discussed, and recommendations for building racial justice into the curriculum, instruction, and program policies are provided.
Students at the Table
Authors: Wright Maria Marion , Edney Norris
Published: November 2021

This chapter explores the benefits of involving students in institutional decision making. The authors describe an action research project conducted at a public institution that involved a working group of students, faculty, and administrators researching and cocreating solutions to develop a more inclusive and equitable environment for learning and student development. The university gained direct insight from the students' viewpoints, and students earned course credit while gaining skills in research methods, leadership, communication, negotiation, and writing. The collaborative, cocurricular experience resulted in the development of a center for cross-cultural engagement on campus. The authors also discuss considerations for this model. Institutions must demonstrate a firm commitment to addressing the issues they investigate by providing sufficient resources and recognizing the labor inherent in the transformative leadership of the community members who work to create institutional change.
Strategic Procurement Negotiation
Authors: Agua Pedro B. , Correia Anacleto , Frias Armindo S.
Published: November 2021

The challenges facing procurement managers across industries and public services are quite important. Businesses need to take care of the bottom line while public services need to manage tight budgets. This is aggravated by difficult economic environments such as the one that has come with COVID-19. Reducing procurement costs means less funds and working capital. Such is achieved by means of adequate negotiation processes. Technology procurement is a field with long acquisition lifecycles, where negotiations span over considerable periods of time, and where the features of technology may impact negotiations, including the technology inherent obsolescence speed. Such negotiations occur in an environment where demanding technical requirements abound alongside economic rationality and where negotiations are conducted by teams of managers and engineers, addressing the distinct dimensions. An approach to technology procurement negotiation is presented with viewpoints for reflection on how procurement and negotiations shall be addressed for technology procurement purposes.
Trust in Procurement Decisions of New Zealand SMEs
Authors: Vora Kripanshu
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role of trust or confidence through the managerial lens. The chapter aims to acquire empirical evidence regarding the importance of factors that play a role in fostering trust during procurement decision making exemplified through a New Zealand-owned company, ContainerCo. This exploratory study scrutinises trust as perceived by SME managers in the supply chain of logistics and procurement in New Zealand. It uses the repertory grid analysis and is based on two interviews conducted through the repertory grid technique, a semi-structured method. Although different in every company and country, trust plays a major role during the selection of suppliers. Factors such as reliability and value are regarded as the most important ones for choosing the right supplier in the case of ContainerCo.
Mapping the Process to Improve the Operative and Environmental Performance of Feeder Ports
Authors: Londono-Bernal Daniel , Hammadi Adil , Reiners Torsten
Published: November 2021

Container terminals play an important role in linking regional and continental areas for the exchange of goods. Port authorities have to provide their services under competitive prices and service levels to customers. This increasing competition pushes feeder ports to improve their processes. The goal is to increase the port capacity to deal with the increasing demand for containers and, at the same time, to reduce the environmental impact and operative costs. The authors address the gap in the literature regarding alternatives for feeder ports. They analyse best practices adopted in international terminals and evaluate the implementation in feeder ports. They apply a quantitative approach using the simulation software AnyLogic. The model uses market data to analyse the vessel unloading process at the berth. Moreover, an alternative to reduce the CO2 emissions for diesel equipment is presented. A flowchart for the vessel unloading and loading operations is proposed that includes the strategies to increase capacity and efficiency of operations and the utilisation of equipment.
Investigating the Drivers and Barriers of Reverse Logistics Practices in the Pharmaceuticals Supply Chain
Authors: Elbelehy Chehab Mahmoud Salah Eldin Ali , Abdelsalam Alaa Mohamed Attia
Published: November 2021

This empirical research investigates the reverse logistics practices adopted by a leading pharmaceutical company in Egypt, the drivers behind the applied reverse logistics activities, and the barriers affecting the application of reverse logistics. The methodological approach of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is applied to study the mutual influences across barriers listed by a preliminary case analysis, and to identify the “driving” barriers which may worsen other barriers, and “dependent” barriers influenced by the driving barriers. A key finding of the analysis is that lack of regulation enforcement and lack of public awareness regarding the importance of reverse logistics are the most driving barriers influencing the rest of the identified barriers.
Narrative Inquiry as a Relational Methodology
Authors: Mokuria Vicki G. , Chhikara Alankrita
Published: November 2021

The authors present an overview of narrative research and focus primarily on narrative inquiry, highlighting what distinguishes this approach from other research methods. Narrative inquiry allows scholars to go beyond positivism and explore how research can be conducted based on participants' stories, rather than using a purely scientific methodological approach. This research method acknowledges and honors narrative truths and provides a scholarly framework that makes space for voices often marginalized or excluded when dominant narratives and/or data hold a prominent place in a research agenda. As such, narrative inquiry can be used in academic research to challenge the status quo, thus harnessing research to stretch beyond hegemonic ways of being and knowing. The authors provide a robust overview and conceptualization of this approach, along with foundational concepts and exemplars that comprise this method of research.
Methodology and Method in Case Study Research
Authors: Hayes Catherine
Published: November 2021

It is the situational specificity or context of qualitative research that ensures the case study remains a methodological approach, inherently valuable in practice-based research. Since this is inherently complex and multifaceted by nature, being able to provide a means of systematically analysing and framing research investigations is pivotal to the credibility of research that can highlight and illuminate these specific contextual issues. This chapter provides a means by which researchers can begin to frame the complexity of phenomena they wish to investigate by deliberately determining its parameter or scope and then framing or binding this. Beyond these processes, an insight into the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data will be provided so that theoretical outcomes can be framed and posited as part of an active contribution to knowledge. The fact that case study can be posited as both methodology and method ensures its capacity to address the need of being able to undertake context-specific evaluatory research or the overall complexity.
Employing Self-Study Research Across the Curriculum
Authors: Cooper Jane McIntosh , Curtis Gayle A.
Published: November 2021

Self-study is a research methodology focused on improvement of teacher education practice and exploring personal, practical, and professional transformation by the practitioner. Utilizing many qualitative methods, this interactive and often collaborative form of inquiry is well suited to study curriculum, considered broadly, as both the written and enacted, and all impacts of this curriculum. This chapter discusses the use of self-study in teachers' inquiries into curriculum. It presents the background and theoretical underpinnings of self-study research showing how this research genre emerged out of teacher practice and is rooted in the notion of teacher as curriculum maker. Guidance for forming research design is outlined, as well as various questions and topics for which self-study of curricula is well suited. Specific examples are expanded to include rationales for methodological choices and demonstrate how this research has been carried out in real-life practical situations.
Menopause transition - physiology, symptomatology and management
Authors: Sathanadan M.
Published: November 2021

No abstract available
Comparison of prevalence of osteoporosis and the association between bone mineral density and selected risk factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women attending a health camp in urban Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerasinghe R. K. L. , Dissanayake M. , Ferdinandez M. G. S. C. R. , Palihakkara N. S. , Vithanage N. D. N. , Damayanthi W. A. M. , Atapattu P. M.
Published: November 2021

Introduction Bone mineral density (BMD) decreases with oestrogen depletion associated with meno­pause, leading to osteoporosisrelated morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. Aims and objectives To compare the prevalence of osteoporosis and the association between BMD and selected risk factors among premenopausal and post­menopausal women attending a health camp. Method Osteoporosis screening was conducted at a health camp held in base hospital Panadura, Western Province. Participants included health staff and lay women aged 27-81 years residing in Panadura. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire by trained staff, and measurement of weight and height were taken. Heel bone mass density was obtained by trained technicians using Achilles EXPII bone ultrasonometer. Results 305 women were screened. The mean (+/-SD) age was 51.42 (±9.33) years. Around fifty four percent (54.1%, n=l65) of women were post­menopausal. The mean (+/-SD) age at menopause was 48.17 (±4.20) years. Mean (+/-SD) T score in pre and postmenopausal women were -0.46 (±0.96) and -1.22 (±0.85) respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia were 1.4% and 24.3% in premenopausal wom­en and 3.0% and 59.4% in postmenopausal women respectively. Age, age at menopause, parity, physical exercise, height, highest level of education, occupation, monthly income, previous fractures, parent fractured, current smoking, glucoc01ticoids, rheumatoid ruthritis, seconda1y osteoporosis, alcohol consump­tion and family hist01y showed no association with BMD (p>0.05) whereas weight (p<0.05, r = +0.223) and BMI (p<0.05, r = +0.262) showed a significant association with BMD in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, only the age showed a negative medi­um (p<0.05, r = -0.208) association with BMD. Conclusions In this group of urban pre and postmenopausal women, the prevalence of osteoporosis was low. BMD in premenopausal women showed a significant positive association with weight and BMI, whereas only age had a significru1t nega­tive association with BMD in postmenopausal women.
Menopausal replacement therapy following the treatment of gynaecological malignancies including the breast
Authors: Randombage P. , Abeysekara N. , Sathanandan M.
Published: November 2021

Gynaecological malignancies have been known to be prevalent among the postmenopausal category of women, although a considerable fraction is being increasingly diagnosed in the premenopausal age group as well. Owing to the improvement in survival rates among women who are being diagnosed with gynaecological malignancies in recent times, the need to improve the quality of life among these women has become imperative. Standard treatment regimens for gynaecological malignancies include surge1y, chemotherapy and radiotherapy and these are known to cause a prolonged oestrogen deficiency which inevitably leads to menopause in younger women. Therefore, it is essential to formulate an appropriate strategy to overcome this concern. This article focuses on the benefits of MRT in women following menopause after having been subjected to standard therapeutic methods for gynaecological malignancies. It also scrutinizes whether the benefits outweigh the risk of recurrence in women suffering from ovarian, endometrial, cervical, vaginal and vulval malignancies. In addition, this article also focuses on the use of MRT before (the at-risk population), and after breast cancer. Estrogen alone MRT is considered safe carrying no or similar· risks among the population. Among those whose symptoms are refractory, MRT can be considered, but it should only be prescribed following a careful discussion between the patient and a breast specialist.
Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach: diagnostic pitfalls in endoscopic biopsy
Authors: Lee Jongwon , Lee In-Seob , Ahn Ji Yong , Park Young Soo , Kim Jihun
Published: November 2021

Background: Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (EWDA) is a deceptively bland-looking adenocarcinoma of the stomach. It often causes diagnostic problems, especially in endoscopic biopsy samples. To better recognize this deceptively bland lesion, we carefully reviewed a series of EWDAs treated at our institution.Methods: A total of 55 specimens from 19 patients were obtained. Endoscopic, gross and microscopic features defining EWDA were described and documented. For comparison, hyperplastic polyp specimens were randomly selected and analyzed.Results: Most cases (18 of 19, 94.7%) were advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and primarily located in the body of the stomach (15 of 19, 79.0%). The majority of AGCs were non-ulcerated (11 of 18, 61.1%) with an undermining growth pattern and a relatively small mucosal involvement. Specific histologic features included an irregular glandular shape, an undulating apical cytoplasmic border, disproportionately large glands, a variably distended mucinous cytoplasm. Classical features, such as small infiltrating glands or desmoplastic reactions, were barely observed. Identification of irregularly spaced nuclei and disruption of the foveolar epithelial structure, along with atypical features described above were helpful in making a diagnosis especially in gastric forceps biopsies.Conclusions: Awareness of the histomorphologic characteristics described in this report would lead to timely diagnosis and prevent repeated endoscopic procedures.
Covid-19: Prospering Industries & Oversize Management
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M.
Published: November 2021

With COVID-19, many businesses have failed, while other industries and corporations have seen profits increase, and are likely to continue to do so post-pandemic, in line with the trend of the oversize economy. Coronavirus 2019 has caused a major economic shock, in addition to its tremendous impact on global health, pushing the biggest corporations towards an outburst of the new, basic drivers of global capitalism (Health; Energy; Food; Communication). That is, the pillars of global competition that start from an oversize management in order to fix the competitive landscapes of large corporations.
Tourism Multiplier in the World Economy: Covid-19 Effects
Authors: Corti Alberto
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the world order with the force of a tsunami. It is important also to consider the economic aspect. In this context, tourism plays a leading role, being one of the most affected sectors – both in quantitative terms and in terms of the persistence of the negative trend – as well as, finally, for its effects on other sectors. The result of the calculation of the correlation coefficient between the tourism percentage incidence on GDP in 2018 and 2020/2019 GDP percentage loss highlights that the higher the incidence of tourism on a country’s GDP was at the beginning of the pandemic, the greater the percentage loss of GDP was for that country.
The Relationship between Crowding and Perceived Health Risk in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Profumo Giorgia , Penco Lara , Castaldo Sandro
Published: November 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic, and the related social distancing policies adopted in many countries, are deeply affecting consumers’ perceptions towards crowding. This study tries to understand in particular if the perceived human and spatial crowding might increase consumers’ health risk, with an impact on intentions to buy, and if corporate reputation can reduce such impact. As tourism and hospitality is one the sectors most susceptible to the current COVID-19 health crisis, we focus our empirical study on the cruise industry. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of cruise passengers using a structured questionnaire submitted online. Overall, 447 individuals’ responses were used for understanding such relationships by performing a regression model. The results indicate that both human and spatial crowding seem to influence people’s perceived health risk, while corporate reputation does not seem to reduce such deterring impact. The study presents several managerial implications for different service industries, as in the cruise package the customer can find many different services, from restaurant to shopping. The results, in fact, may be useful for better understanding how to cope with COVID-19.
Practitioner Insights Regarding Modern Slavery in Gloucestershire, UK.
Authors:   , Brealy Jordan
Published: November 2021

Slavery remains present in society and has been found to occur under various manifestations throughout the United Kingdom. Knowledge derived from academic enquiry regarding modern slavery has increased over recent years although sparse attention has been given to localised communities. It is important to develop the evidence-base locally to effectively increase the understanding of this diverse issue and aid local responses. This study aimed to produce evidence on local practitioners’ perspectives on modern slavery, focusing on the case study of Gloucestershire. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of local practitioners in modern slavery related fields in Gloucestershire, including the police, healthcare and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes from the data. These themes related to differing perceptions of the problem locally and numerous types of exploitation e.g. sexual exploitation, labour exploitation, criminal exploitation. One example of this is the alleged increase in sexual exploitation during a localised sporting event. The data also highlighted several barriers hindering local responses, progress and awareness e.g. victims not perceiving themselves as victims, victim co-operation with services and public service funding issues. This study contributes to the evidence indicating that localities such as Gloucestershire are not exempt from a variety of slavery practices. The enquiry highlights evidence of various types of slavery offences manifesting in Gloucestershire. However, a key finding of this study is the fragmented perceptions of localised modern slavery, which highlights the need to support a collaborative approach to this diverse problem. Barriers and complexities with the local response are acknowledged such as; concerns regarding local awareness, pressures associated with resourcing and the struggles associated with identifying victims of hidden criminality and exploitation. Although these findings relate to Gloucestershire they carry wider implications relevant to other localities across the UK. Due to the wider implications of this enquiry, a number of research, policy and practice recommendations are made based on the data from this study.