bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Anionic Thia‐Fries Rearrangement at the Cobaltocenium Cation
Authors: Boston Geanne M. R. , Butenschön Holger
Published: March 2022

While the chemistry of ferrocene is rich and widely explored, this is not the case for the isoelectronic cobaltocenium cation. Here we report the first syntheses of triflate substituted cobaltocenium cations based on respective (cyclopentadienone)(cylopentadienyl)cobalt(I) complexes, which have first been reported by Vollhardt et al. ca. forty years ago. Reaction with triflic anhydride affords the triflate substituted cobaltocenium cations, which upon treatment with lithium diisopropylamide undergo the first anionic thia‐Fries rearrangements of cobaltocenium complexes. To our knowledge, this is, in addition, the first case of a deprotonation of a cobaltocenium complex by a lithium base. Alternatively, desilylation of silyl derivatives with cesium fluoride caused anion formation leading to the rearrangement products in higher yields. The 2‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)(cyclopentadienone) complexes obtained were fully characterized including a crystal structure analysis. As with ferrocene, respective mesylates or tosylates do not undergo the rearrangement.
DMAP‐Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation of Cyclopropenones with α‐Bromoketones for Synthesis of 2‐Pyrones
Authors: Qiao Lijuan , He Xin , Yang Lulu , Raveendra Babu Kaki , Wu Yong , Tang Yuhai , Xu Silong
Published: March 2022

DMAP‐catalyzed [3+3] annulation of cyclopropenones with α‐bromoketones is described, which provides a simple and convenient synthesis of 2‐pyrones in good yields with a broad scope. The reaction features advantages of transition metal‐free conditions, readily available starting materials, and excellent regioselectivity. Experimental investigation and DFT calculations suggest a mechanism encompassing pyridium ylide‐initiated ring opening of cyclopropenones, elimination of DMAP catalyst, and final 6π‐electrocyclization.
Tailoring the optoelectronic properties of eco‐friendly CuGaS2/ZnSe core/shell quantum dots for boosted photoelectrochemical solar hydrogen production
Authors: You Yimin , Tong Xin , Channa Ali Imran , Li Xin , Liu Cheng , Ye Hang , Wang Zhiming
Published: March 2022

Low‐cost and high‐performance photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production based on eco‐friendly colloidal core/shell quantum dots (QDs) represents a newly developing solar technology toward carbon neutrality. Herein, we present the synthesis of a novel type of environment‐friendly CuGaS2 (CGS)/ZnSe core/shell QDs with shell thicknesses‐tunable optoelectronic properties. As compared to CGS bare QDs, the prepared CGS/ZnSe core/shell QDs show enhanced visible light absorbance, emerging photoluminescence emission, tunable exciton lifetime, and improved photo‐stability. As a proof‐of‐concept, these eco‐friendly CGS/ZnSe core/shell QDs were applied as light sensitizers in a solar‐driven PEC hydrogen production system, delivering a nearly six times higher photocurrent density and improved device durability with respect to that of CGS core QDs under standard one sun AM 1.5G illumination. Our findings imply that such eco‐friendly core/shell QDs with tailored optoelectronic properties hold great potential for future “green” QDs‐based solar energy technologies.

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A framework for energy optimization of distillation process using machine learning‐based predictive model
Authors: Park Hyundo , Kwon Hyukwon , Cho Hyungtae , Kim Junghwan
Published: March 2022

The distillation process is one of the most common and energy‐intensive processes in the chemical industry. Most chemical processes are nonlinear and complex, because of which, it is difficult to find optimal operating conditions. To solve this problem, we developed a framework for energy optimization of the distillation process based on a machine learning (ML) model. The framework enables the efficient operation of the process by using the optimal operating conditions recommended by the ML‐based predictive model. The predictive model, which is a key component, is developed in three steps: learning, validation, and improvement. In the learning step, we select an algorithm suitable for the purpose of the process and learn process data. In the validation step, the model is validated using hold‐out cross‐validation. Finally, in the improvement step, the model performance is improved through hyper‐parameter optimization. We applied the framework to a commercial mixed butane distillation columns of 45,000 metric tons per annum capacity. The predictive model was based on commercial process data, and it can be used to predict the temperature at the product stage. The model recommended the steam flow rate required to maintain the target temperature of the product stage as per the operating conditions. The recommended steam flow rate will be guideline for the on‐site operator. The software is developed that the predictive model can be easily applied to the commercial processes, and it identifies the state of the process and recommends optimal operating conditions.
The giant 1960 tsunami in the context of a 6000‐year record of paleotsunamis and coastal evolution in south‐central Chile
Authors: Matos‐Llavona Pedro I. , Ely Lisa L. , MacInnes Breanyn , Dura Tina , Cisternas Marco A. , Bourgeois Joanne , Bruce David , DePaolis Jessica , Dolcimascolo Alexander , Horton Benjamin P. , Melnick Daniel , Nelson Alan R. , Szeliga Walter , Wesson Robert L.
Published: March 2022

The tsunami associated with the giant 9.5 Mw 1960 Chile earthquake deposited an extensive sand layer above organic‐rich soils near Queule (39.3°S, 73.2°W), south‐central Chile. Using the 1960 tsunami deposits, together with eye‐witness observations and numerical simulations of tsunami inundation, we tested the tsunami inundation sensitivity of the site to different earthquake slip distributions. Stratigraphically below the 1960 deposit are two additional widespread sand layers interpreted as tsunami deposits with maximum ages of 4960–4520 and 5930–5740 cal BP. This >4500‐year gap of tsunami deposits preserved in the stratigraphic record is inconsistent with written and geological records of large tsunamis in south‐central Chile in 1575, 1837, and possibly 1737. We explain this discrepancy by: (1) poor preservation of tsunami deposits due to reduced accommodation space from relative sea‐level fall during the late Holocene; (2) recently evolved coastal geomorphology that increased sediment availability for tsunami deposit formation in 1960; and/or (3) the possibility that the 1960 tsunami was significantly larger at this particular location than other tsunamis in the past >4500 years. Our research illustrates the complexities of reconstructing a complete stratigraphic record of past tsunamis from a single site for tsunami hazard assessment.
Expanding Promise: Depicting the Ecosystems of Support and Financial Sustainability for Five College Promise Populations
Authors: Millett Catherine M.
Published: March 2022

The time is now to examine the nation's capacity to help guide students in gaining access to, paying for, and graduating from college. College promise programs have served as an excellent model. But because a uniform, national college promise model would not adequately serve the estimated 20 million students in postsecondary education, ETS and College Promise launched an effort to expand the work on college promise programs to identify ecosystems of support for specific student populations. In 2021, we invited scholars, practitioners, and student representatives to join a design team and cocreate the college promise program for their student populations: first‐generation students, youth in or aged out of foster care, students with disabilities, student parents, and students needing academic support. In multiple panel discussions, other colleagues reviewed the ecosystem designs, focusing on college promise programs in general, the design of the ecosystems of support, or the financing of the ecosystems. Several key themes emerged from the meeting: (a) Although the design teams focused on one aspect of a student's life, they stressed the importance of focusing on the intersectionality of their identities; (b) terminology and definitions are important not only for policy and practice reasons but for the messages they send to students about inclusion; (c) financing a college education is more than paying tuition and fees; (d) enhanced data collection will support research, policy, and practice; and (e) developing a college promise program requires a focus on both students and postsecondary institutions.
A pressure‐based method for weakly compressible two‐phase flows under a Baer–Nunziato type model with generic equations of state and pressure and velocity disequilibrium
Authors: Re Barbara , Abgrall Rémi
Published: March 2022

Within the framework of diffuse interface methods, we derive a pressure‐based Baer–Nunziato type model well‐suited to weakly compressible multiphase flows. The model can easily deal with different equation of states and it includes relaxation terms characterized by user‐defined finite parameters, which drive the pressure and velocity of each phase toward the equilibrium. There is no clear notion of speed of sound, and thus, most of the classical low Mach approximation cannot easily be cast in this context. The proposed solution strategy consists of two operators: a semi‐implicit finite‐volume solver for the hyperbolic part and an ODE integrator for the relaxation processes. Being the acoustic terms in the hyperbolic part integrated implicitly, the stability condition on the time step is lessened. The discretization of nonconservative terms involving the gradient of the volume fraction fulfills by construction the nondisturbance condition on pressure and velocity to avoid oscillations across the multimaterial interfaces. The developed simulation tool is validated through one‐dimensional simulations of shock‐tube and Riemann‐problems, involving water‐aluminum and water‐air mixtures, vapor‐liquid mixture of water and of carbon dioxide, and almost pure flows. The numerical results match analytical and reference ones, except some expected discrepancies across shocks, which however remain acceptable (errors within some percentage points). All tests were performed with acoustic CFL numbers greater than one, and no stability issues arose, even for CFL greater than 10. The effects of different values of relaxation parameters and of different amount equations of state—stiffened gas and Peng–Robinson—were investigated.
Extraction optimization and screening of antioxidant peptides from grass carp meat and synergistic–antagonistic effect
Authors: Jia Xiao‐yan , Zhu Min‐fang , Zhang Lu , Ma Tian‐Xin , Li Yi‐hua , Sheng Wen‐sheng , Tu Zong‐cai
Published: March 2022

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is one of the three most cultivated freshwater fish around the world, but it is mainly consumed afresh, so only a small part of them are processed into salted fish or snack food. This research was performed to prepare and screen antioxidant peptides from grass carp muscle to promote its high‐value utilization. The parameters of double‐enzyme two‐step hydrolysis were optimized, the peptides with the highest ABTS.+ scavenging ability were enriched and identified by Sephadex G‐25 and LC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS/MS. The synergistic–antagonistic effect among identified peptides was also investigated. The optimized conditions were hydrolyzed with protamex (10,000 U/g) at pH 8.0, 50°C for 3 h, followed by hydrolysis with alcalase (6,000 U/g) at pH 9.0, 50 °C for 2 h, and the protein–liquid ratio was 4%. The hydrolysates were further fractionated to obtain five fractions, in which fraction 3 (F3) exhibited the strongest ABTS.+ and scavenging ability with the IC50 values of 0.11 and 0.47 mg/ml, respectively. Twelve novel antioxidant peptides were identified, in which VAGW possessed the highest activity (139.77 μmol GSH/g). Significantly synergistic effects were observed on the two and three peptides’ combination among VAGW, APPAMW, LFGY, FYYGK, and LLLYK, while the C‐terminal tryptophan (Trp) played an important role in the synergism. This study found that grass carp muscle hydrolysates can be potential natural antioxidants in functional products. The synergistic effects among peptides may provide a perspective for the combined application of peptides.
A pragmatic method to compare international critical care beds: Implications to pandemic preparedness and non‐pandemic planning
Authors: Jones Rodney P.
Published: March 2022

Background

The current method for assessing critical care (CCU) bed numbers between countries is unreliable.

Methods

A pragmatic method is presented using a logarithmic relationship between CCU beds per 1000 deaths and deaths per 1000 population, both of which are readily available. The method relies on the importance of the nearness to death effect, and on the effect of population size.

Results

The method was tested using CCU bed numbers from 65 countries. A series of logarithmic relationships can be seen. High versus low countries can be distinguished by adjusting all countries to a common crude mortality rate. Hence at 9.5 deaths per 1000 population ‘high’ CCU bed countries average of around 30 CCU beds per 1000 deaths, while ‘very low’ countries only average 3 CCU beds per 1000 deaths. The United Kingdom falls among countries with low critical care provision with an average of 8 CCU beds per 1000 deaths, and during the COVID‐19 epidemic UK industry intervened to rapidly manufacture various types of ventilators to avoid a catastrophe. CCU bed numbers in India are around 8.1 per 1000 deaths, which places it in the low category. However, such beds are inequitably distributed with the poorest states all in the ‘very low’ category. In India only around 50% of CCU beds have a ventilator.

Conclusion

A feasible region is defined for the optimum number of CCU beds.
A case of tape infection 19 years after insertion of a tension‐free vaginal tape sling
Authors: Watanabe Tomofumi , Sako Tomoko , Tominaga Yusuke , Sadahira Takuya , Sekito Takanori , Takamoto Atsushi , Edamura Kohei , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Wada Koichiro , Araki Motoo
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Tape infection after insertion of tension‐free vaginal tape is a well‐known but rare complication. We report a patient who experienced a subcutaneous abscess 19 years after the surgery.

Case presentation

A 41‐year‐old woman presented with fever and lower abdominal pain. She had undergone tension‐free vaginal tape insertion for stress urinary incontinence 19 years prior. She had asymptomatic dysuria. After an abscess incision and 1‐week treatment with antibiotics, she underwent surgery to remove the tape and the abscess without complications.

Conclusion

Tension‐free Vaginal Tape insertion could be a potential risk of asymptomatic dysuria, resulting in urinary tract infection. In this case, removal of tape was necessary for controlling subcutaneous abscess resulting from the presence of tension‐free vaginal tape.
Geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of endohedral Group‐14 Zintl clusters TM@E10 (TM = Fe, Co, Ni; E = Ge, Sn, Pb)
Authors: Liu Dong , Xu Song , Pei Gerui , Xu Jianzhi , Zhao Xintian , Kong Chuncai , Yang Zhimao , Yang Tao
Published: March 2022

The geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of the title endohedral Zintl clusters have been studied by using ab initio calculations. [Fe@Ge10]4− and [Co@Ge10]3− have D5h‐symmetric pentagonal prismatic structure and [Fe@Sn10]4− adopts the C2v‐symmetric structure as their ground‐state structures, whereas all the other clusters possess D4d bicapped square antiprismatic structures, in consistent with the experimental values when available. Natural bonding orbital and electron localization function disclosed that the negative charges are localized on the central atoms rather than the cages while the TME ionic bonding interactions increase in the order of Ge < Sn < Pb. The energy decomposition analysis revealed that the total bonding energy ∆Eint between central TM and E10 cage is above 150 kcal/mol. The ionic bonding interaction termed as electrostatic interaction ∆Eelstat increases in the order of Ge < Sn < Pb and becomes higher than the covalent bonding interactions termed as total orbital interactions ∆Eorb. Among the total orbital interactions, the π back donations from the TM–d orbitals to the empty cage orbitals consisting of E‐p orbitals, the magnitude of which is importantly affected by the cage symmetry, are dominant contributions.
LncRNA GAS5 relates to Th17 cells and serves as a potential biomarker for sepsis inflammation, organ dysfunctions and mortality risk
Authors: Zhang Weizhen , Chen Bingqing , Chen Wei
Published: March 2022

Background

Long noncoding RNA GAS5 (lnc‐GAS5) is able to regulate macrophage M1 polarization and Th17 cell differentiation, also engaged in sepsis‐induced inflammation and organ injury. This study aimed to further evaluate its linkage with Th1 cells and Th17 cells, as well as its clinical value in sepsis management.

Methods

About 101 sepsis patients were enrolled followed by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and serum samples collection. PBMC lnc‐GAS5 was detected by RT‐qPCR; Th1 cells and Th17 cells in PBMC CD4+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry; serum IFN‐γ and IL‐17A were detected by ELISA. Besides, PBMC lnc‐GAS5 was also detected in 50 health controls (HCs).

Results

Lnc‐GAS5 was reduced in sepsis patients than in HCs (p < 0.001), which also well‐distinguished sepsis patients from HCs with AUC 0.860. Lnc‐GAS5 did not relate to Th1 cells (p = 0.059) or IFN‐γ (p = 0.192); while negatively linked with Th17 cells (p = 0.002) and IL‐17A (p = 0.019) in sepsis patients. Interestingly, lnc‐GAS5 negatively correlated with SOFA score (p = 0.001), SOFA‐Respiratory system score (p = 0.001), SOFA‐Coagulation score (p = 0.015), and SOFA‐Renal system score (p = 0.026), but not SOFA‐Liver score (p = 0.080), SOFA‐Cardiovascular system score (p = 0.207) or SOFA‐Nervous system score (p = 0.182) in sepsis patients. Furthermore, lnc‐GAS5 was negatively related to CRP (p = 0.002) and APACHE II score (p = 0.004) in sepsis patients. Finally, lnc‐GAS5 was decreased in dead sepsis patients compared to survivors (p = 0.007), which also distinguished sepsis deaths from survivors with AUC 0.713.

Conclusion

Lnc‐GAS5 relates to Th17 cells and serves as a potential biomarker for sepsis severity and mortality risk.
Biological and clinical implications of hsa_circ_0086720 in gastric cancer and its clinical application
Authors: Shao Yongfu , Qi Changlei , Yan Jianing , Lu Rongdan , Ye Guoliang , Guo Junming
Published: March 2022

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are thought to be vital participants in carcinogenesis and have the characteristics of being stable, specific, and well conserved. However, their clinical significance and application value in gastric cancer (GC) are still poorly understood. Hsa_circ_0086720 was found to be a dysregulated circRNA in GC by microarray screening and was further explored for its clinical significance and application.

Methods

Hsa_circ_0086720 was detected in GC cell lines, tissues, and plasma, and the clinicopathological correlations were investigated. The existence, stability, origin, and change in the plasma hsa_circ_0086720 level were verified in early GC patients. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic values, and bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the potential functions. Finally, risk factors and nomogram predicting were established.

Results

Hsa_circ_0086720 was found to be downregulated in gastric carcinogenesis, and tissue hsa_circ_0086720 was negatively associated with perineural invasion, Borrmann type, disease‐free survival, and overall survival. Hsa_circ_0086720 was stable in circulating plasma and was actively secreted by cells in gastric carcinogenesis. As a biomarker for early GC screening, plasma hsa_circ_0086720 had good sensitivity and specificity, and its stability met the clinical application requirements. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that dysregulated hsa_circ_0086720 has important functions in gastric carcinogenesis. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified factors associated with overall survival time and disease‐free survival time. The nomograms showed good accuracy of predicting survival time.

Conclusion

Hsa_circ_0086720 is a novel biomarker for screening early GC and predicting the prognosis of advanced‐stage patients.
Plasma growth differentiation factor‐15 in patients with “lone” atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Na , Feng Qian , Yu Fangfang , Zhou Jian , Guo Xueyuan
Published: March 2022

Background

Growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, correlated with various stimuli, including cardiovascular disease. The association between plasma GDF‐15 level and “lone” AF, that is, AF of unknown etiology (UeAF), is uncertain.

Methods

All patients aged 60 years or younger. AF patients were hospitalized for primary catheter ablation. Patients with sinus rhythm admitted for other diseases during the same period were included in the control group. ELISA was used to measure plasma GDF‐15 concentrations.

Results

60 UeAF patients, 60 paroxysmal AF (PAF) patients, and 70 control patients were enrolled. The mean age was 44.6 years. In the UeAF group, no patients had traditional clinical risk factors. The plasma GDF‐15 level in the UeAF group was (1028.5 ± 180.5) pg/ml, higher than in the control group, and moderately lower than in the PAF group. In all patients, positive correlations were found between plasma GDF‐15 level and age (R = 0.210, p < 0.05), and between plasma GDF‐15 level and left atrial diameter (LAD; R = 0.338, p < 0.05; in the UeAF group: R = 0.475, p < 0.05; in the PAF group: R = 0.504, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our study first investigated the role of GDF‐15 in UeAF. The plasma GDF‐15 level in UeAF patients was higher than in sinus rhythm patients and lower than in PAF patients. Moreover, GDF‐15 was positively correlated with age and LAD. The role of GDF‐15 in UeAF needs further study.
An improved test for neighborhood sense of community
Authors: Douglas Eric
Published: March 2022

This article outlines a methodology used to test sense of neighborhood community. It includes a review of recent studies that tested for sense of community, makes an argument for a new test, and provides results showing that this new test represents an improvement over previous ones.
Potential roles of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors in attenuating cardiac arrhythmias in diabetes and heart failure
Authors: Attachaipanich Tanawat , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: March 2022

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors are antidiabetic drugs that have been shown to exert cardiovascular benefits. Their benefits including a reduction of cardiovascular events and worsening heart failure have been extended to nondiabetic patients with high‐risk. Although both heart failure and diabetes are known to increase risk of cardiac arrhythmias, the effects of SGLT‐2 inhibitors on arrhythmia reduction and their underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. This review aims to summarize the current available evidence ranging from basic research to clinical reports regarding the potential benefits of SGLT‐2 inhibitors against cardiac arrhythmias. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies using various models including heart failure and diabetes are comprehensively summarized to examine the evidence of how SGLT‐2 inhibitors affect cardiac action potential, cellular ion currents, calcium ion homeostasis, and cardiac mitochondrial function. Clinical reports investigating the association between SGLT‐2 inhibitors and arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias are also comprehensively summarized. Valuable information obtained from this review can be used to encourage further clinical investigations to warrant the potential use of SGLT‐2 inhibitors against cardiac arrhythmias in both diabetic and heart failure settings.
Defective endoplasmic reticulum stress response via X box‐binding protein 1 is a major cause of poor liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Miyazaki Katsuki , Saito Yu , Ichimura‐Shimizu Mayuko , Imura Satoru , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Yamada Shinichiro , Tokuda Kazunori , Morine Yuji , Tsuneyama Koichi , Shimada Mitsuo
Published: March 2022

Background

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Poor regeneration after hepatectomy in NAFLD is well recognized, but the mechanism is unclear. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the development of NAFLD. Here, we show that an impaired ER stress response contributes to poor liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized mice.

Methods

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) or non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was induced in mice using our patented feed and 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed. Mice were sacrificed 0, 4, 8, 24, or 48 hours, or 7 days after PH, and liver regeneration and the mRNA expression of ER stress markers were assessed.

Results

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score was calculated as 4–6 points for NAFL and 7 points for NASH. NASH was characterized by inflammation and high ER stress marker expression before PH. After PH, NASH mice showed poorer liver regeneration than controls. High expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes was present in NASH mice 4 hours after PH. Xbp1‐s mRNA expression was high in control and NAFL mice after PH, but no higher in NASH mice.

Conclusions

Dysfunction of the ER stress response might be a cause of poor liver regeneration in NASH.
(Re)making the margins: Frontier assemblages and brokerage in Hambantota, Sri Lanka
Authors: Goodhand Jonathan , Walton Oliver
Published: March 2022

This article examines the dynamics of brokerage surrounding two moments of rupture (the tsunami and the end of the war) in Hambantota, a district in southern Sri Lanka and a key site of frontier development. We contrast the two development assemblages that emerged from these moments, examining how structural transformations shape the dynamics of brokerage, and how brokers mediate the effects of these transformations. By tracing the shifting fortunes of a local government broker, we reveal the changing power dynamics within these two assemblages, whilst highlighting how moments of rupture both open and shut down brokerage spaces.
Appreciating social science research on gratitude: An integrative review for organizational scholarship on gratitude in the workplace
Authors: Locklear Lauren R. , Sheridan Sharon , Kong Dejun Tony
Published: March 2022

Though gratitude research in organizational behavior (OB) is nascent, this emotion has a rich history in the social sciences. Research has shown gratitude to promote prosocial behaviors, encourage personal well‐being, and foster interpersonal relationships. However, gratitude research has been siloed among these three outcomes of gratitude (moral, wellness, and relational). Similarly, past reviews of gratitude have focused on only one group of outcomes, one of its forms (trait, state, or expressed), or empirical findings without emphasis on the theoretical underpinnings. In contrast, this review recognizes that each type of gratitude, its functions, and outcomes are part of a single process model of gratitude. As such, in the current review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of gratitude in the social sciences by distilling and organizing the literature per our process model of episodic gratitude. Then, we translate the insights for management scholars, highlighting possible differences and synergies between extant research and workplace gratitude thereby helping advance “gratitude science” in the workplace. In all, this review (a) examines definitions and operationalizations of gratitude and provides recommendations for organizational research; (b) proposes a process model of episodic workplace gratitude as a conceptual map to guide future OB research on gratitude; (c) reviews empirical gratitude research through the lens of our process model; and (d) discusses the current state of the literature, important differences for workplace gratitude, and future directions for organizational scholars.
Thoracic surgery with geriatric assessment and collaboration can prepare frail older adults for lung cancer surgery
Authors: Cooper Lisa , Gong Yusi , Dezube Aaron R. , Mazzola Emanuele , Deeb Ashley L. , Dumontier Clark , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Frain Laura N.
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives

We assessed frailty, measured by a comprehensive geriatric assessment‐based frailty index (FI‐CGA), and its association with postoperative outcomes among older thoracic surgical patients.

Methods

Patients aged ≥65 years evaluated in the geriatric‐thoracic clinic between June 2016 through May 2020 who underwent lung surgery were included. Frailty was defined as FI‐CGA > 0.2, and "occult frailty", a level not often recognized by surgical teams, as 0.2 < FI‐CGA < 0.4. A qualitative analysis of geriatric interventions was performed.

Results

Seventy‐three patients were included, of which 45 (62%) were nonfrail and 28 (38%) were frail. “Occult frailty” was present in 23/28 (82%). Sixty‐one (84%) had lung malignancy. Geriatric interventions included delirium management, geriatric‐specific pain and bowel regimens, and frailty optimization. More sublobar resections versus lobectomies (61% vs. 25%) were performed among frail patients. Frailty was not significantly associated with overall complications (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–6.44; p = 0.087), major complications (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 0.48–12.69; p = 0.293), discharge disposition (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 0.71–11.95; p = 0.141), or longer hospital stay (1.3 more days; p = 0.18).

Conclusion

Frailty and “occult frailty” are prevalent in patients undergoing lung surgery. However, with integrated geriatric management, these patients can safely undergo surgery.
Overall survival in abdominal wall sarcoma treated with curative intent surgery: A retrospective study from two European referral centres
Authors: Tattersall Hannah L. , Baia Marco , Messina Valentina , Borghi Alessandra , Tirotta Fabio , Almond Max , Desai Anant , Ford Samuel J. , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Primary abdominal wall sarcomas are rare, heterogeneous tumours. The mainstay of management is surgery, although local recurrences (LR) and distant metastases (DM) are common.

Objectives

Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were primary outcomes; factors associated with prognosis secondary outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Patients undergoing surgery of primary abdominal wall sarcomas between April 2008 and May 2018 were identified at two referrals centres for sarcoma surgery. Patient demographics, tumour and treatment‐related characteristics were recorded and analysed.

Results

A cohort of 65 patients underwent surgical resection with a median follow‐up of 56 months, 5‐year OS and DFS were 69% and 71%, respectively. Eleven patients (16.9%) experienced a recurrence event: 6 LR (9.2%), 10 DM (15.4%) and 5 both (7.7%). At univariate analysis, size (p = 0.03), grade (p = 0.001) and depth (p = 0.04) were associated with OS while size (p = 0.02) was associated with DFS. No significant relationship with tumour depth, type of surgery, surgical margin status or neo‐/adjuvant treatment was demonstrated.

Conclusion

Recurrence events are less common following treatment of abdominal wall sarcomas if compared to extremities STSs, but size (≥5 cm), high malignancy grade (FNCLCC 3) and depth are associated with worse OS.
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: Appraisal of the original and revised criteria in predicting posttransplant cardiac outcomes
Authors: Spann Ashley , Coe Christopher , Ajayi Teminioluwa , Montgomery Garren , Shwetar Mohammed , Oje Adesola , Annis Jeffrey , Slaughter James C. , Alexopoulos Sophoclis , Brittain Evan , Izzy Manhal
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a risk factor for CVD after transplant. CCM criteria were originally introduced in 2005 with a revision proposed in 2020 reflecting echocardiographic technology advancements. This study assesses the two criteria sets in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after transplant. This single‐center retrospective study reviewed adult LT recipients between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018. Patients with insufficient pre‐LT echocardiographic data, prior ischemic heart disease, portopulmonary hypertension, or longitudinal care elsewhere were excluded. The primary composite outcome was MACE (arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiac arrest, and/or cardiac death) after transplant. Of 1165 patients, 210 met the eligibility criteria. CCM was present in 162 patients (77%) per the original criteria and 64 patients (30%) per the revised criteria. There were 44 MACE and 31 deaths in the study period. Of the deaths, 38.7% occurred secondary to CVD. CCM defined by the original criteria was not associated with MACE after LT (p = 0.21), but the revised definition was significantly associated with MACE (hazard ratio [HR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.56; p = 0.04) on multivariable analysis. Echocardiographic variable analysis demonstrated low septal e’ as the most predictive variable for MACE after LT (HR, 3.45; p < 0.001). CCM, only when defined by the revised criteria, was associated with increased risk for MACE after LT, validating the recently revised CCM definition. Abnormal septal e’, reflecting impaired relaxation, appears to be the most predictive echocardiographic criterion for MACE after LT.
Development of Universal and Clickable Film by Mimicking Melanogenesis: On‐Demand Oxidation of Tyrosine‐Based Azido Derivative by Tyrosinase
Authors: Bisht Himani , Jeong Jaehoon , Hong Yubin , Park Suho , Hong Daewha
Published: March 2022

A tyrosine‐based azido derivative (TBAD) that permits both substrate‐independent surface coating and clickable film functionalization by mimicking natural melanogenesis is synthesized here. In contrast to catechol derivatives, which are generally susceptible to oxidation by air under ambient conditions, the monophenol‐based TBAD remains stable under alkaline and neutral conditions and is activated to oxidized quinone in situ by tyrosinase to initiate melanin‐like polymerization. The resulting poly(TBAD) film can be formed on various substrates including noble metals, metal oxides, and synthetic polymers, which can undergo click reaction with terminal alkyne moieties on the entire surface or a specific region through Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition. The enzyme‐mediated coating can rapidly form thin films (≈10 nm) and produce a uniform film morphology, which are important aspects in surface chemistry. This on‐demand, clickable coating may become a significant tool for bioconjugation, soft lithography, and labeling techniques.
Hypercube embeddings and Cayley graphs generated by transpositions
Authors: Xie Yan‐Ting , Feng Yong‐De , Xu Shou‐Jun
Published: March 2022

A graph is called a partial cube if it can be embedded into a hypercube isometrically. In this paper, we study a class of Cayley graphs—Cayley graphs generated by transpositions—and show that a Cayley graph
generated by transpositions is a partial cube if and only if
is a bubble sort graph. This result enhances a result of Alahmadi et al. in 2016:
is a partial cube. As a corollary, we give the analytical expressions of the Wiener indices of bubble sort graphs.
Quasilinear Schrödinger–Poisson system with exponential and logarithmic nonlinearities
Authors: Peng Xueqin , Jia Gao , Huang Chen
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we consider the following quasilinear Schrödinger–Poisson system with exponential and logarithmic nonlinearities

where
are parameters,
is a bounded domain, and
has exponential critical growth. By adopting the reduction argument and a truncation technique, we prove for every
, the above system admits at least one pair of nonnegative solutions
for
large. Furthermore, we research the asymptotical behavior of solutions with respect to the parameters
and
. The novelty of this system is the intersection among the quasilinear term, logarithmic term, and exponential critical term. These results are new and improve some existing results in the literature.
Serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone is an independent risk factor of recurrent Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Wang Shi , Luo Zhiya , Peng Tao
Published: March 2022

Introduction/Aims

Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is generally considered to be monophasic, but some patients have recurrences. The purpose of this study was to clarify the possible link between thyroid parameters and recurrent GBS (RGBS) patients in China.

Methods

In this retrospective study we enrolled patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2014 to 2020 and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of GBS or Miller Fisher syndrome. We evaluated clinical characteristics; cerebrospinal fluid parameters; and serum levels of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine in 320 individuals, including 302 with monophasic GBS and 18 with recurrent GBS.

Results

Serum levels of TSH in monophasic GBS patients were significantly lower than those in RGBS patients (P < .001), whereas FT3 levels were higher in the monophasic GBS group (P = .022). Age at onset, incidence of antecedent illness, time from onset to nadir, proportion with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and Hughes Functional Grading Scale score at nadir were statistically significant between monophasic GBS patients and RGBS patients (P < .05). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that antecedent illness, AIDP, and high TSH were independent risk factors for RGBS. Our receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the risk of recurrence in GBS patients increases when the TSH concentration is higher than 3.87 μIU/mL.

Discussion

Our results demonstrate an association between TSH and RGBS. Oxidative stress is one of the possible interpretations for this association.
Differences in the incidence of urinary tract infections between neurogenic and non‐neurogenic bladder dysfunction individuals performing intermittent catheterization
Authors: Welk Blayne , Lenherr Sara , Santiago‐Lastra Yahir , Norman Holly S. , Keiser Melanie G. , Elliott Christopher S.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To measure the incidence and severity of urinary tract infections (UTI) in intermittent catheter (IC) users with neurogenic and non‐neurogenic diagnoses.

Materials and Methods

Administrative health insurance claims data from the IBM MarketScan® Database between January 1, 2015 and  December 31, 2019, were analyzed. New IC‐users with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD); IC‐users without NLUTD (non‐NLUTD); and age‐and‐sex‐matched general population without IC use (GEN) were compared. Individuals were followed for one year after initial IC utilization or random index date for GEN. The primary outcome was a patient seeing a physician or attending a hospital for a UTI (measured with a primary or secondary diagnosis code related to a UTI). UTI incidence, hospitalizations, and length of hospital stay were compared.

Result

We identified 6944 NLUTD, 5102 non‐NLUTD, and 120 426 GEN individuals. The annualized UTI incidence was higher in IC‐users (54.9% NLUTD IC‐users and 38.9% non‐NLUTD IC‐users) compared to GEN individuals (9.8%) (p < 0.001 between groups). Hospitalization for UTI was more common in NLUTD and non‐LUTD (11.3% and 4.0%, respectively) compared with GEN individuals (1.0%) (p < 0.001 between groups). NLUTD individuals had a greater average length of hospital stay than non‐NLUTD (2.2 ± 3.6 vs. 1.6 ± 2.1 days, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

IC users had a significantly higher incidence of UTIs than the general population. NLUTD IC‐users had a higher incidence of UTIs that required hospitalization compared to non‐NLUTD individuals. Strategies to decrease the patient and healthcare burden of UTIs in those that catheterize should be prioritized.
A nonlocal interface approach to peridynamics exemplified by continuum‐kinematics‐inspired peridynamics
Authors: Laurien Marie , Javili Ali , Steinmann Paul
Published: March 2022

In this contribution, we present a novel approach on how to treat material interfaces in nonlocal models based on peridynamics (PD) and in particular continuum‐kinematics‐inspired peridynamics (CPD), a novel variationally consistent peridynamic formulation. Our method relies on a nonlocal interface where the material subdomains overlap. Within this region, a kinematic coupling of the two constituents is enforced. The contact is purely geometrical as interaction forces act only between points of the same material. We provide a detailed description of the computational implementation within the framework of CPD, that is in principle applicable to all formulations of PD. A variety of numerical examples for modeling bimaterial interfaces illustrate the utility of the technique for both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional problems, including examples at large deformations. Our model approaches a local model when the nonlocality parameter, the horizon size, is decreased. The proposed methodology offers a viable alternative to previous approaches in PD, which are essentially imposing mixture rules for the interfacial material parameters.
Benefits of weight loss of 10% or more in patients with overweight or obesity: A review
Authors: Tahrani Abd A. , Morton John
Published: March 2022

Objective

Modest weight loss (5%‐10%) is clinically meaningful in patients with overweight or obesity. However, greater weight loss may be required to achieve improvements in or remission of certain weight‐related complications. Therefore, this study reviewed the effect of large weight loss (≥10%). Most studies reporting large weight loss and relevant outcomes used bariatric surgery or lifestyle modifications.

Results

Benefits of large weight loss were observed in patients with various overweight‐ or obesity‐related complications, including improvements in comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Improvements in glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors were observed in patients who achieved large weight loss through lifestyle interventions or pharmacotherapy (phentermine/topiramate 15/92 mg once daily or subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly). Other benefits associated with large weight loss included reduced cancer risk and improvements in knee osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, fertility‐related end points, and health‐related quality of life. While costly, bariatric surgery is currently the most cost‐effective intervention, although most weight‐management programs are deemed cost‐effective.

Conclusions

Overall, large weight loss has a major beneficial impact on overweight‐ and obesity‐related complications. Large weight loss should be the main treatment target when modest weight loss has had insufficient effects on obesity‐related complications and for patients with severe obesity.
Rapid elimination of copper (II), nickel (II) and chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions by charcoal modified with phosphoric acid used as a green biosorbent
Authors: El Mansouri Fouad , El Farissi Hammadi , Cacciola Francesco , Talhaoui Abdelmonaem , El Bachiri Ali , Tahani Abdesselam , Esteves da Silva Joaquim C. G. , Brigui Jamal
Published: March 2022

Activated carbon modified by phosphoric acid noted CAa was successfully used as a new low‐cost adsorbent for removing Cu2+, Ni2+ and Cr6+ metal ions from artificially contaminated aqueous solutions. Experiments were performed in batches for adsorption kinetics and isotherms. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations as well as a nitrogen adsorption–desorption BET surface area measurement showed the formation of mesoporous CAa with an average pore size of 3.1 nm and a surface area of ABET = 678.74 m2 g−1. The adsorption data for Cu2+, Ni2+ and Cr6+ fitted well with Langmuir adsorption model with maximum adsorbed amount of 238.10 mg g−1 for Cu(II), 80.64 mg g−1 for Ni(II) and 125 mg g−1 of Cr(VI) with the maximal amount measured by N2 adsorption of 231.5337 cm3 g−1 STP. The experimental variables studied were pH, temperature, amount of biomass and initial ion concentration. Maximum biosorption was observed for pH = 2. The adsorption capacity seems to be optimized by increasing the temperature, the amount of biosorbent and the initial concentration. Isotherm adsorptions are in agreement with Langmuir models. The calculated changes in adsorption free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) confirm that the present adsorption process is a favorable, endothermic and spontaneous phenomenon.
The effect of axillary crutch length on upper limb kinematics during swing‐through gait
Authors: Kuntze Gregor , Russell Monica , Jivan Shaine , Ronsky Janet Lenore , Manocha Ranita Harpreet Kaur
Published: March 2022

Background

Axillary crutches are commonly used in rehabilitation. Inappropriately fit crutches may result in upper limb pain or injury.

Objective

To investigate the effects of axillary crutch length on upper limb kinematics to better understand potential injury mechanisms. It was hypothesized that crutches that were longer or shorter than standard‐fit crutches would alter upper limb kinematics.

Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

Gait laboratory.

Participants

Fifteen healthy males with no prior crutch experience.

Interventions

Participants were fit with axillary crutches using standardized methods, as well as with crutches that were 5 cm longer and 5 cm shorter. Participants performed swing‐through gait (1.20 ± 0.07 ms−1) with all crutch lengths in randomized order. Kinematics were recorded using an optical motion‐tracking system and joint angles for the scapula, shoulder, elbow, and wrist were computed.

Main Outcome Measures

The effects of crutch length on joint range of motion (ROM) and joint angles at initial crutch contact were analyzed using multivariate analysis (Hotelling's T2; α = .025) and simultaneous confidence intervals (CI).

Results

The long‐standard crutch fit comparison showed effects across all joints (ROM p = .009; initial contact p < .001). Longer crutches resulted in greater scapular upward rotation (mean difference [95% CI] ROM: 1.0 [−0.2 to 2.2]; initial contact: −2.7 [−4.4, −1.1]) and shoulder abduction (ROM: 0.8 [−0.1 to 1.8]; initial contact: −1.9 [−4.1 to 0.3]). Crutch length also had effects across all joints for the short‐standard fit comparison (ROM p = .004; initial contact p = .016). Shorter crutches resulted in greater scapula downward rotation (2.2 [−0.4 to 4.8]) and greater shoulder adduction (2.5 [−0.6 to 5.6]) at initial contact. Shorter crutches also reduced shoulder flexion/extension ROM (−2.5 [−4.4 to −0.6]).

Conclusions

Altered crutch length results in scapular and shoulder kinematic deviations that may present risk factors for upper limb injury with crutch‐walking. This may underline the importance of appropriate device fitting to reduce injury risk in crutch users.