bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness Of The Use Of Transtrachial Sanitation In The Treatment Of Patients With Lung Abscess Complicated By Bronchial Fistula
Authors:   Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, B.B. Safoev , A.K. Khasanov ,   Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, A.Ya. Rakhimov ,   Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Sh.G. Mirsoliev ,   Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

The results of the research of 44 patients with lung abscesses complicated by bronchial fistula of various etiology, who were treated in the purulent surgical department in the clinical base of the Bukhara State Institute in 2010-2019, were analyzed. All patients, depending on the method of treatment, were divided into 2 groups: I - comparison group and II - main. The controlled group I consisted of 31 (70.4%) patients who received traditional (conservative) methods of treatment. The II - main group included 13 (29.5%) patients who, in addition to conservative treatment, underwent transtrachial drainage of a purulent focus with sanitation with antibacterial and diluting drugs (trypsin, chymotrypsin). The analysis of the obtained results revealed that although transtrachial drainage of a purulent focus of the lung is a more effective method than conservative treatment, it also has its drawbacks in the form of complications such as: tracheobronchitis 23.1%, suppuration of soft tissues in the area of microtrachestomy 15.4%, bronchospasm 7.6%, self-extradition of the catheter 23.1%, from the purulent cavity and loss of microdrainage 7.6%.
Dependence Of Protein-Energy Insufficiency On The Degree Of Motor Disorders In Infantile Cerebral Palsy
Authors:   Candidate Of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head Of The Department Of Medical Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine And Traditional Medicine, Uzbekistan, Farhadovna Mavlyanova Zilola , Sabrievna Velilyaeva Aliye ,   Candidate Of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head Of The Department Of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology And Narcology, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

Purpose of research. To assess the impact of the severity of motor disorders in children with cerebral palsy on nutritional status. Materials and methods of research. The study included 102 children with cerebral palsy aged 2 to 17 years, 60 boys (58.8%) and 42 girls (41.2%). The average age of the children was 7.23 ± 4.9 years. Patients were ranked by age group in accordance with the age classification of the GMFCS scale. All children underwent a comprehensive clinical and neurological examination, nutritional status assessment, and anthropometry (measurement of shoulder circumference and plicometry). During anthropometry, the control group included 30 healthy children with an average age of 7.7±4.2 years. Results. It was found that with an increase in the severity of motor disorders, the number of children with protein-energy deficiency increases from 50% at level I to 100% at level V on the GMFCS scale (the significance of differences in Pearson's Chi-square was confirmed statistically: 9.32, p = 0.002069). At the same time, a severe degree of protein-energy insufficiency was observed mainly in double hemiplegia (amounting to 40.9%). Prognostically, cerebral palsy was the most favorable type of spastic hemiparesis and spastic diplegia, with a predominance of protein-energy insufficiency of a mild degree, amounting to 45.8% and 60%, respectively. In 71.6% of cases (n=73), children with cerebral palsy were diagnosed with oral-motor dysfunction of varying severity, problems with food consumption and, as a result, a noticeable lag in anabolic processes. Statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of feeding difficulties in children with levels I and V of motor abilities (Pearson's Chi-square: 20.12, p = 0.000005).
Clinical And Electro-Neuromyographic Changes In The Pathology Of The Muscular System In Patients With Hemophilia
Authors:   Assistants Of The Department Of Hematology, Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Gazkhanovna Madasheva Anazhan , Khaidarovna Mamatkulova Feruza ,   Assistants Of The Department Of Hematology, Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Sherbek Ugli Uralov Rustam ,   Assistants Of The Department Of Hematology, Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

Electro-neuromyographic examination allows you to accurately assess muscle activity and pathogenetic changes in nerve tissues. When compression and injuries of the musculo-nervous system application based on electro stimulation is widespread and quite reasonable and is considered a highly effective method. The use of electrical stimulation in in patients with hemophilia improves muscles and peripheral nerves microcirculation and metabolism.
Prevention Of Anemia In Patients With Tuberculosis
Authors:   Samarkand State Medical Institute, Teacher Of The Department Of Hematology, Uzbekistan, Xaydarovna Mamatkulova Feruza , Toirjonovna Mamatova Nargiza ,   Samarkand Medical Institute, Lecturer At The Department Of Phthisiology, Uzbekistan, Narzullaevna Ruziboeva Oyjamol ,   Samarkand Medical Institute, Teacher Of The Department Of Hematology, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

This article include prevention of anemia in patients with tuberculosis. tuberculosis induces a systemic inflammatory state affecting iron homeostasis. patients with tuberculosis often have additional comorbidities such as anemia which can result in poorer treat outcomes. we studied the contribution of anemia and the role of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin among tuberculosis patients and household contacts.
Application Of Mnemotechnique On Education In Medical Higher Schools
Authors:   Department Of Pathophysiology, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Safoevna Khaydarova Dilorom , Nematovna Mavlyanova Umida ,   Department Of Pathophysiology, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

For stable memorizing and remaining in mind a great volume of information that is necessary for further medical activity the mnemotechnique methods can be used on educational process in medical higher schools, that is combination of methods and means making the process of memorizing easier and increasing the memory volume by creating artificial associations.
Caries And Dental Diseases In Children
Authors:   Samarkand State Medical Institute Head Of The Department Of Pediatric Dentistry, Samarkand Region, Uzbekistan, Abdunosirovich Rahimberdiyev Rustam , Maxmadiyor Qizi Abdikodirova Baxora ,   Samarkand State Medical Institute Clinical Resident Of The Department Of Pediatric Dentistry, Samarkand Region, Uzbekistan, Oybek Qizi Mavlonova Dilorom ,   Samarkand State Medical Institute Clinical Resident Of The Department Of Pediatric Dentistry, Samarkand Region, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

This article has been reported mainly for the Prevention of caries and dental diseases in children. The article mentioned the causes of the origin of the common disease and the first AIDS. In addition, the article mentioned the stages of development of dental diseases.
Serological Diagnostics Of Atrophy Of The Gastric Mucosa
Authors:   Doctor Of Medical Sciences, Prof., Head Of The Department Of Gastroenterology Of The Republican Specialized Scientific And Practical Center For Therapy And Medical Rehabilitation, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Mirvasikovich Karimov Mirvasit , Naimovna Sobirova Guzal ,   Doctor Of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher Department Of Gastroenterology Of The Republican Specialized Scientific And Practical Center For Therapy And Medical Rehabilitation, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Kurbanovna Abdullaeva Umida ,   Assistant At The Department Of Faculty And Hospital Therapy, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Zhabborovna Aslonova Ibodat ,   Candidate Of Medical Sciences, Senior Lecturer Of The Department Of Propedeutics Of Internal Diseases, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan., Mukhuddinovna Tulyaganova Fazilat ,   Candidate Of Medical Sciences, Assistant Of The Department Of Medical Rehabilitation Of Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

The association between HP infection and CAH development suggested by the Correa cascade is supported by several cohort studies. To diagnose and determine the severity of atrophy at the Center, patients underwent a serological analysis by ELISA method in the clinical and biochemical laboratory of the State Institution "RSNPMCT and MR". Analyzes were taken in 69 (58.5%) patients, including 35 (50.7%) with CAH, 34 (49.3%) with CNG. Analysis of the non-invasive indicator of the level of pepsinogens in patients with CAH determined that severe atrophy was detected in 20%, moderate atrophy - 42.9%, weak atrophy - 34.3%, and no atrophy was found in 2.9% of patients. The pepsinogen parameters in patients with CNG were also as follows: PG I was within 95.4 ± 7.2 μg / L, PG II 14.5 ± 1.3 and PGI / PGII 6.6 ± 0.2. Pepsinogen values were more pronounced in patients with CAH: with a pronounced degree of atrophy, PGI was 8.7 ± 0.1 μg / l and PGI / PGII was 1.1 ± 0.1; with moderate atrophy 16.6 ± 0.9 μg / l and 1.6 ± 0.1; with mild atrophy 27.2 ± 1.5 and 2.3 ± 0.2, respectively.
Optimization Of Medical Records And Implementation Of Electronic Systems In Healthcare
Authors:   Fergana Medical Institute Of Public Health, Fergana, Uzbekistan, G.M. Mamatkhanova , S.I. Ismailov ,   Fergana Medical Institute Of Public Health, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

In this article, the authors give an idea of the importance of analyzing large amounts of data on the development of information systems in health care, and the importance of statistical data collected by them in the system of the Ministry of Health, as well as the accurate, reliable filling and storage of documents by medical personnel in any health department.
Modern Pedagogical Technologies Of Teaching The Russian Language At The University
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Uzbek Language and Literature, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, Sh.Sh. Tuychibaeva
Published: May 2021

The entry of the Republic of Uzbekistan into the world market, the expansion of international relations necessitates the formation of the language culture of students in foreign languages, especially world languages, which include the Russian language. The purpose of this work is to show the possibilities of using modern pedagogical technologies and techniques in teaching Russian to students of national groups. The objectives of the study are determined by the following: presentation of innovative learning models, description of the methods used and methods of organizing the learning process based on the experience of teaching the Russian language. comparative and descriptive methods were used. The article reveals the possibilities of using innovative teaching methods in the practical course of the Russian language. The concept of "innovative learning" is defined, which includes a personal approach, fundamental education, creativity, professionalism, use of the latest technologies. The tasks of innovative teaching are indicated, including: optimization of the teaching and educational process, creation of an environment for cooperation between a teacher and a student, development of long-term positive motivation for learning, selection of material and methods of its presentation. Describes the variety of technologies and techniques that have become widespread in pedagogical practice and used in the practical course of the Russian language. Their choice is determined by the goals, objectives, stages of the lesson, the level of students' knowledge. Particular attention is paid to methods and technologies of innovative teaching. The author dwells separately on such techniques as: "fish skeleton", "chain", "matching", "scissors", "T-diagram", "Venn diagram", "5-minute essay". The effectiveness of the use of multimedia presentations in the learning process is substantiated.
Professionally Directed Learning Of Mathematics At School With The Purpose Of Increasing Interest In The Subject
Authors:   Associate Professor Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Saydalieva Feruza , Mukhamedova Gulchekhra ,   Associate Professor Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Yusupova Sanobar ,   Lecturer, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

This article addresses the problem of increasing interest in teaching a school mathematics course through the use of professionally-oriented education in problem-solving.
Influence Of ICT On The Development Of Intellectual Potential Of Students
Authors:   Tashkent Irrigation And Agriculture Independent Researcher At The Institute Of Mechanization Engineers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Salomova Ra'no Vassievna
Published: May 2021

The article provides a general concept of the influence of ICT on the development of the intellectual potential of students. The description of computer technologies used in the classroom, positive and negative aspects of using ICT is given.
Communication As A Process Of Interaction And Relationship Between People
Authors:   Basic Doctoral Student Of The Tashkent Institute Of Irrigation And Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Jumanov Alisher Asatillaevich
Published: May 2021

The article describes the essence of the content of communication, its application in the process of interaction between people.
Psychological Support Of Social Development Of Persons With Disabled Health In The Conditions Of Educational Inclusion
Authors:   Assistant, Karshi State University, Karshi City, Uzbekistan, Sattorova Mohira Aminqulovna
Published: May 2021

The article addresses the issues of social development of children and adolescents, modernization of modern education, psychological orientation of people with disabilities to social development in the context of inclusive education.
Linguistic Picture Of The World Of The American Presidential Discourse And Its Representation In Uzbeklanguage
Authors:   Senior Teacher, Uzbek State University Of World Languages, Uzbekistan, Salaxiddinovich Ismailov Turgun
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the linguistic nature of the presidential discourse, which reflects elements of the socio-political life and culture of the country, as well as common and national specific cultural values. The article notes that the first speech of the presidents has a special place in the genre structure of the presidential discourse, is strongly connected to a particular political event, is recorded in the plan of time and space; In order to emotionally influence the minds of the people, to strengthen the pragmatics of speech, the linguistic means used in this speech, such as axiological lexicon, metaphor, phraseology, syntactic parallelism, rhetorical question, exhortation and appeal, are systematized and focused on their translation into Uzbek.
The History Of Korean Deportation To Central Asia
Authors:   Senior Teacher At The Department “World History” Of Andizhan State University, Andizhan Region, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Ugli Turgunov Abdurakhman Gulomjon
Published: May 2021

In the article has been analyzed the history and the process Korean deportation to Central Asia by the helping scientific literatures and mess media documents as well. Besides, it shown that some Koreans living in Uzbekistan, as well as representatives of other non-indigenous peoples, began to emigrate from Uzbekistan to other countries, primarily Russia and Kazakhstan.
Role Of Language’s And Culture’s Interference And Interaction At Learning Of Foreign Language
Authors:   Teacher At Uzbek State World Languages University Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Rajabbayevna Saidmuratova Umida
Published: May 2021

This article is given to a genuine issue of etymology – to interaction and impedances of dialect and culture that it is vital to consider at learning of outside dialect. There are cases, which affirm to impact of culture on dialect advancement. In expansion, genuine terms of the unused course of etymology – a linguoculture – are mentioned. On the case of a celebration concept in three considered dialects the most comes about of the investigation of their lexico-semantic range are uncovered.
Practical Classification Of Realia In English And Uzbek Languages: Semantic Analyses Of Food Realias
Authors:   Department Of Theoretical Aspects Of English Language Uzbekistan State World Languages University Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Zokirova Shahzoda
Published: May 2021

This article provides a semantic analysis of food realias in two languages by comparing English and Uzbek cultures and analyzing their similarities and differences dividing them into groups. The article shares essential information on the basis of examples of food realias in two languages. Comparative-typological, synchronic and diachronic methods were used for the purpose of revealing similarities and distinctions among the realias in two languages. On the basis of those methods it was obvious that semantic analyses of realias blurt out differences in culture, technology of cooking and ingridients of food. A simple analyses of this type could be a model for researchers anywhere who wish to investigate their professional practice.
Role Of The National Idea In The Development Of Moral Culture Of Citizens
Authors:   Candidate For The Tashkent Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan, Raxbarovich Ravshanov Ulugbek
Published: May 2021

This article reveals the role of the national idea in the development of the moral culture of citizens and the expression of the national idea in the economic, political, social, spiritual and other spheres of public life in our country. The humanistic tendency has been an actual way for the development of moral culture at all times. And also moral culture is considered an important source of all ideological trends in human relations.
Social Network Analysis Methods for International Development
Authors: Johnson Eric M. , Chew Robert
Published: May 2021

Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a promising yet underutilized tool in the international development field. SNA entails collecting and analyzing data to characterize and visualize social networks, where nodes represent network members and edges connecting nodes represent relationships or exchanges among them. SNA can help both researchers and practitioners understand the social, political, and economic relational dynamics at the heart of international development programming. It can inform program design, monitoring, and evaluation to answer questions related to where people get information; with whom goods and services are exchanged; who people value, trust, or respect; who has power and influence and who is excluded; and how these dynamics change over time. This brief advances the case for use of SNA in international development, outlines general approaches, and discusses two recently conducted case studies that illustrate its potential. It concludes with recommendations for how to increase SNA use in international development.
A Review on the Possible Leakage of Electrons through the Electron Transport Chain within Mitochondria
Authors: Tabassum N , Kheya IS , Ibn Asaduzzaman SA , Maniha SM , Fayz AH , Zakaria A , Fayz AH , Zakaria A , Noor R
Published: May 2021

The finding of electron leakage during the electron transport within the mitochondrial membrane (in eukaryotes) or in the cell membrane of the prokaryotes is an important issue for the accumulation of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the cytosol which in turn induce the probable aging of cells. In eukaryotes, mitochondrion is known to be the major site of the ROS generation in different pathological processes which may further cause cell damages as evident through the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, respiratory diseases, cell apoptosis, and even the onset of cancer. Thus, the mitochondrial leakage and the physiological effect of leaked protons and electrons grow up with future interest in energy metabolism. Current review focused on the physiological impact of electron/ proton leakage particularly in the eukaryotic cells based on the previous reports; emphasized on the prospects of the eukaryotic mitochondrion as a modulator of proton and electron leakage; and finally attempted to assess the regulatory mechanisms of such electron/ proton leakage.
Los derechos sociales y la reforma constitucional en Chile: hacia una implementación híbrida, legislativa y judicial
Authors: Dixon Rosalind , Verdugo Sergio
Published: May 2021

Este artículo sugiere que el proceso constituyente chileno no debe predeterminar las políticas sociales que las instituciones políticas han de implementar para responder a las demandas sociales existentes. En cambio, los autores argumentan que los constituyentes debieran tener por objetivo diseñar una constitución que guíe y facilite la aprobación de dichas políticas. La propuesta de los autores entrega una alternativa a la idea de adoptar un modelo de derechos sociales justiciables robusto al sugerir un modelo de derechos sociales ‘débil-fuerte’. Dicho modelo incluye la existencia de cláusulas obligatorias para que el legislador regule; un sistema de plazos específicos para aprobar la legislación respectiva; el reconocimiento de principios constitucionales que orienten las reformas políticas sociales, y el establecimiento de un mecanismo especí!co de revisión judicial.
Description of the "Liulin Ten-Koh" charged particles spectrometer for the Japanese "Ten-Koh" satellite
Authors: Dachev Tsvetan , Dimitrov Plamen , Tomov Borislav , Matviichuk Yury , Saganti Premkumar , Holland Doug , Okuyama Kei-Ichi , Tapia Isai
Published: May 2021

On 29 October 2018 at 13:08 Japanese Standard Time was successfully launched the Greenhouse gas Observing SATellite (GOSAT-2) from the JAXA Tanegashima Space Center. Piggy-back with the GOSAT-2 satellite in a circular (623 km), polar synchronous orbit, was launched the 22 kilogram mass satellite Ten-Koh (http://kit-okuyama-lab.com/en/ten-koh/). It was developed in Kyushu Institute of Technology by Prof. K. Okuyama, Chief Scientist of the Spacecraft. Ten-Koh satellite is observing Low Earth Environment (LEO). The primary purpose is to provide valuable data for future development of satellites for operation. Ten-Koh's primary science instrument is the Charged Particle Detector (CPD) developed at the Prairie View A&M University, and NASA Johnson's Space Center of Houston, TX, USA. Principal Scientist of this payload is Prof. P. Saganti (https://www.pvamu.edu/raise/space-payload/charged-particle-detector-2018/). Principal Engineer of the CPD project is S. D. Holland (formerly with NASA-JSC and currently with Holland-Space LLC, Houston, TX, USA). SRTI-BAS received a request from Prof. Saganti to develop a Liulin type instrument to be part of the CPD payload. Scientists from SRTI's Solar-Terrestrial Physics Department have developed and handed three units per the request (engineering, flight, and operational models) of the instrument named ?Liulin Ten-Koh?. These instruments are similar to the RADOM instrument, which worked in 2008-2009 on the Indian Moon satellite Chadrayaan-1 [12]. This paper describes the flight model, ?Liulin Ten-Koh Saganti? instrument and the standard sources radiation tests, which were performed during the calibrations in the laboratory of SRTI-BAS. As of this writing, Ten-Koh spacecraft is making polar orbit passes as expected at about 623 km altitude and at 98 degree inclination with very healthy telemetry data as received by several ground stations across the world. The first received data from ?Liulin Ten-Koh Saganti? instrument of the Ten-Koh spacecraft are presented. The available at this moment Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) L-value profiles of the dose rate and the dose to flux ratio (D/F) from 11 December 2018 are compared with the R3DE profile at International Space Station (ISS). In addition, the integral ?Liulin Ten-Koh Saganti? instrument LET spectrum from 11 December 2018 is compared with spectra from other instruments, measured in and out of the Earth magnetosphere.
Investigation of the motion of a satellite, according to general theory of relativity
Authors: Sheyretski Kostadin
Published: May 2021

In this paper we investigate the energy integral which is obtained in the problem of the motion of a material point in a central field within the frame of the general theory of relativity. Applied is the method of the small parameter in a combination with the balance method. Derived is a compact formula, describing the trajectory of the motion. This formula gives a correct quantitative description of the basic relativistic effects. We prove the shortening of the major axis of the orbit in comparison with the case where we do not take into account relativistic effects. This result can be useful for analysing the structure of planet systems around massive stars.
On the design of the automated monitoring system of waste disposal objects with the application of earth remote sensing technologies
Authors: Kazaryan Maretta
Published: May 2021

Currently, geographic information systems have taken strong positions in economics, politics and in almost all spheres of human activity. The result of human activity in urbanized areas is the emergence and further spread of unauthorized landfills and industrial waste. In order to timely intervene and stop the spread of foci of infection and changes in the soil composition, it is necessary to have an automated system for monitoring the disposal facilities and industrial waste. The purpose of the work is to design a model of an automated system for monitoring waste disposal sites, including industrial sites, using remote sensing technologies. General research methodology: The paper uses modern methods of information systems design, using the theory of databases, data warehouses, and geographic bases data. Scientific novelty: The paper suggests a model of an automated space system monitoring for the presence of waste disposal facilities. A general methodology for constructing a geo-information model that monitors territories for the presence of waste disposal sites and also a methodology for the development of geodatabase are given. Landfill geo-databases are a structure of attribute and geographic data obtained in an automated mode. An analysis of current perspectives in the creation and operation of such automated geo-information systems is given using specific knowledge in the field of very large, distributed and open data archives. As a realization of theoretical reasoning, the practical part of the formation of software, technical and mathematical support of the remote monitoring system of the waste disposal area (WDA) and industrial waste (IW) landfill is given. In general, the work is survey-research in nature.
Aerodynamic performance of chevron geometry trailing edge for a transonic axial compressor impeller
Authors: Bucur Ioana Octavia , Mălăel Ion , Drăgan Valeriu
Published: May 2021

Several studies present how serrated rotor blades mix wakes in order to attenuate noise levels. The current paper analyses how this geometry, applied on the trailing edge, affects the global parameters of a transonic axial compressor impeller. Innovative solutions tackling the rotor-stator interaction mechanism in an axial compressor for noise reduction include serrated trailing edges. Inspired by chevron nozzles, serrations can be transferred to the open-rotor concept in order to reduce tonal noise. Throughout the study we will be focusing on aerodynamic loss estimation while being mindful of the mechanisms which lead to rotor-stator interaction noise, without assessing its per-se effectiveness for noise mitigation. Owing to its qualitative experimental data availability, NASA’s Rotor 37 was chosen as a baseline. A set of fully viscous 3D simulations, using the SST k omega turbulence model and RANS, was carried out to this effect. Spatial discretization was made using a fully structured pre-mesh in order to optimize resolution and accelerate convergence. Full-factorial samples were generated for the geometric variations in order to capture the aerodynamic implications of this concept. Overall, the analysed case provides promising perspectives, pending optimization studies and experimental tests thereof.
Module for wireless communication in aerospace vehicles
Authors: Miteva Adelina , Bouzekova-Penkova Anna
Published: May 2021

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are currently the subject of great and ever-growing interest from industry and science, and are widely used due to their advantages. These advantages are due to their unique properties and, therefore, their many real and potential applications in various fields of industry, science and everyday life. In this literature review paper, we will briefly focus on some of the properties of FGMs and on some of the existing and expanding future applications of FGM in aerospace and related industries. A critical discussion is presented. Possible future expansion of work in this area is being considered.
Valuation of kelp forest ecosystem services in the Falkland Islands: A case study integrating blue carbon sequestration potential
Authors: Bayley Daniel , Brickle Paul , Brewin Paul , Golding Neil , Pelembe Tara
Published: May 2021

Kelp forests provide many important ecosystem services to people, including mitigating storm damage, cycling nutrients, and providing commercially-harvestable resources. However, kelp forests’ ability to sequester carbon dioxide, and therefore help regulate the climate, has until recently, been overlooked in assessments of the beneficial services they provide. In this study we incorporate updated knowledge on the potential of kelp to sequester ‘blue carbon’, and use the extensive kelp forests of the Falkland Islands as a case study to assess the value of kelp forest to society through multiple associated ecosystem services. Our analysis shows kelp forests provide a highly valuable range of direct and indirect services, which if managed correctly, will continue to benefit people, both now and in the future. The total estimated value of the Falkland Islands’ kelp system is currently equivalent to ~ £2.69 billion per year (or £3.24 million km-2 year-1). However, the true value of the kelp forest surrounding the Falkland Islands is likely to be higher still, given that our estimate does not account for elements such as associated scientific research, tourism, and cultural services, due to the necessary data currently being unavailable. Similarly, the full value of these highly biodiverse ecosystems in supplying habitat and food to a large range of associated species is crucial, yet extremely difficult to fully quantify. This study illustrates the importance of maintaining kelp ecosystems in a healthy state to ensure they continue to supply valuable ecological processes, functional roles, and ecosystem services, including their overlooked role as significant long-term carbon sinks.
A checklist of aquatic macrophytes of the Guaraguaçu river basin reveals a target for conservation in the Atlantic rainforest
Authors: Araújo Eliélton da Silva , Vitule Jean Ricardo Simões , Padial Andre Andrian
Published: May 2021

Describing and understanding distribution of species in natural ecosystems is the first step to establish conservation efforts. In aquatic habitats, macrophytes play a central role in promoting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. This study aimed to create the first checklist of aquatic macrophyte species occurring in the Guaraguaçu river, the largest river in Paraná State coast, Brazil. Species herborized, identified and incorporated into the Herbarium collection of the Universidade Federal do Paraná. A total of 47 species were registered corresponding to 37 genera and 29 botanical families; Cyperaceae and Poaceae were the most representative families. In addition, the wide invasion of the non-native species Urochloa arrecta (Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga was registered and the presence of the floating-leaved non-native species Nymphaea caerulea Savugny was recorded. Even so, the inventory shows a noteworthy richness of aquatic macrophytes species in the Guaraguaçu river, and it is clear macrophyte species reflect a gradient of anthropic impact and salinity in this tidal estuarine river. Our study contributes to the creation of public policies to aid in the protection of this river that represents a central site for biological conservation efforts, yet is constantly threatened by anthropic activities.
Frugivorous bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) community structure and trophic relations in Atlantic Forest fragments
Authors: Faustino Camila de Lima , Dias Rosa Maria , Ferreira Silvia Regina , Ortêncio Filho Henrique
Published: May 2021

We evaluated the structure of a community of frugivorous bats using composition and abundance patterns, niche amplitude and food overlap of these animals in four Atlantic Forest fragments, each one exposed to different conservation realities. For twelve months, we captured six bat species and found the seeds of 13 species of pioneering plants in 158 fecal samples. The most abundant bat species were Artibeus planirostris (25.4%), Artibeus lituratus (24.1%) and Carollia perspicillata (23.9%). Only one fragment (Fazenda Unida), the most conserved area, exhibited a significantly different composition and abundance of species. We found low trophic niche amplitude values (<0.60), associated to high food overlaps. Our results suggest that bats can adjust their foraging strategy to deal with food availability variations. By favoring pioneering plant species, the fragmentation process noted of the studied areas creates an attractive environment for bats more tolerant to this type of disturbance. The sampled areas represent important secondary forest remnants in southern Brazil that require attention to avoid an even greater loss of bat diversity.
Primary culture macrophages from fish as potential experimental model in toxicity studies with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Silva Isabella Ferreira , Papa Letícia  Fagundes , Carneiro Pedro Gontijo , Schnitzler Mariane Cristina , Andrade Silmara Nunes , Ribeiro Rosy Iara Maciel Azambuja , Varotti Fernando Pilla , Thomé Ralph Gruppi , Santos Hélio Batista
Published: May 2021

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) has been broadly used in several sectors of society. This material when exposed to the environment might reach the aquatic animals and cause toxic effects. Here, it was evaluated the MWCNTs toxicity in melanomacrophages primary culture that was submitted to 1 µ gm L-1 MWCNTs for 24 hours. After exposition to MWCNT, 48 and 59% liver and spleen melanomacrophages were healthy, respectively. The control group presented 85% viability. Phagocytosis activity of melanomacrophages was observed by presence of black inclusions in cytoplasm. The findings indicate MWCNT was cytotoxic to melanomacrophages, where its release and effect into aquatic environment must be more studied. Finally, the melanomacrophages present large potential as experimental model for evaluation of carbon-based nanomaterial toxicity.
Limonoid detection and profile in callus culture of sweet orange
Authors: Pessoa Luiz Gustavo Antunes , Pessoa Leonardo Antunes , Santos Éverton da Silva , Pilau Eduardo Jorge , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Gonçalves Regina Aparecida Correia , Oliveira Arildo José Braz de
Published: May 2021

Plant tissue culture has emerged as an important tool to produce bioactive compounds from various plant species, including the sustainable production of limonoids that are receiving considerable attention due to the benefits associated with human health such as anticancer activities. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of limonoids aglycone production from callus culture from sweet orange cv. Pera (Citrus sinensis) seeds and identify the compounds produced in this cell line. Callus induction occurred in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D), malt extract, agar and coconut water. For the analysis and identification of the limonoids, CG-MS-EI ion-positive mode and UPLC-QTOF-ESI were used operating in positive and negative mode. An intense peak corresponding to limonin appeared in the callus extracts at a retention time of 58.1 min. in CG-MS-EI and four major limonoids aglycone by positive ion mode UPLC-QTOF-ESI: limonin, nomilin, deacetylnomilin, and nomilinic acid. The culture medium was efficient at the bioproduction of limonoids aglycone in callus cultures of C. sinensis seeds. Therefore, data obtained from UPLC-QTOF-ESI proved its importance at identifying new compounds that benefit human health, and may assist future work in the identification of known or new limonoids in Citrus species and related genera.
Competition of onion genotypes in the soil and climatic conditions of Guarapuava, State of Paraná
Authors: Iastremski Marcela Padilha , Resende Juliano Tadeu Vilela de , Camargo Cristhiano Kopanski , Ruthes Marcos Guilherme , Santos Marco Antonio Pereira
Published: May 2021

The use of genotypes more adapted to climatic conditions can contribute to increase the yield of onion producers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of 15 onion genotypes in the soil and climatic conditions of Guarapuava, state of Paraná. The study was conducted in the experimental area of Horticulture, Cedeteg campus, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, state of Paraná, Brazil, from July to November 2018. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications, and the treatments consisted of four commercial cultivars Optima F1, Bella Dura, Sirius F1, Soberana F1 and eleven experimental genotypes N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, AF4241 and AF4243. Biometric characteristics of the plants, production components and early flowering were evaluated. Plants presented between 6 and 9 leaves, in which N1, N3, N4 and N6 had less than 7 leaves, differing statistically from the others. The cultivar Optima F1 and the genotypes N2, N3, N5, N6, N7 and N8 presented the tallest plants, with 66.1 to 76.0 cm. The pseudostem diameter did not differ significantly between genotypes, showing values between 15.2 and 20.4 mm. Total productivity was higher in genotypes N2, N6, N5, N4, N3, N7 with values from 43.6 to 50.3 t ha-1. The highest average bulb mass was found in N2, N4, N6, Sirius F1, Optima F1 and Soberana F1, with 74.2 to 91.1 g bulb-1. Regarding the commercial classification, the genotypes N2, N4, N5, N6 and the cultivars Sirius F1 and Soberana F1 presented more than 50% bulbs of classes 3+3C+4. Early flowering did not occur in any of the analyzed genotypes. The use of cultivars with high productive performance and adapted to climatic conditions, when handled properly, can result in greater yield and quality of bulbs.
Eugenol and tricaine methanesulfonate as anhestesics for the pearl cichlid
Authors: Honorato Luan , Batista João Vitor da Silva , Durigon Emerson Giuliani , Mello Giovanni Lemos de , Medeiros Mateus  Vitoria
Published: May 2021

Anesthesia reduces the handling process duration and prevent fish injuries. The anesthetic effect and ideal concentrations of eugenol and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) were tested for pearl cichlid (Geophagus brasiliensis) juveniles with an average weight of 4.4 g in water at 24ºC. The criterion for determining the optimal dose considered an induction time of one minute. Experiment 1 tested the concentrations of 25, 75, 150 and 300 mg L-1 of eugenol. The best results were obtained at doses of 150 and 300 mg L-1. Experiment 2 aimed to establish a more accurate result by testing the concentrations of 180, 210, 240 and 270 mg L-1, and led to an estimation of 217 mg L-1 of eugenol to induce anesthesia in one minute. Experiment 3 evaluated 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg L-1 of tricaine, of which the concentration of 294 mg L-1 was estimated to induce anesthesia in one minute. No significant differences were observed for recovery times when using either of the anesthetics. No mortality was observed within 24 hours after the experiments for any concentration of the anesthetics. The present study recommends 217 mg L-1 of eugenol or 394 mg L-1 of tricaine for anesthesia of the pearl cichlid.
O eixo história da educação no Educere (2008-2017)
Authors: Ribeiro Alexandra Ferreira Martins , Vieira Alboni Marisa Dudeque Pianovski , Alflen Adriana Ferreira Martins
Published: May 2021

. O presente artigo objetivou analisar os trabalhos aprovados para comunicação, que compuseram o eixo temático denominado História da Educação, que integrou o Educere, entre os anos de 2008 e 2017. Para tanto, procurou-se selecionar, dentre os artigos aprovados para comunicação, aqueles que compuseram o eixo História da Educação; sistematizar os artigos selecionados e examinar os enfoques priorizados nos artigos. Por meio da metodologia ‘estado do conhecimento’, pode-se chegar a resultados que demonstraram que os 367 artigos que compuseram o eixo de História da Educação publicados no Educere discutiram, dentre outras, acerca das temáticas de instituições e práticas educativas; fontes, arquivos e patrimônios; os intelectuais e o ideário pedagógico; políticas; formação de professores.
O clássico e os valores universais: uma discussão a partir dos fundamentos da pedagogia histórico-crítica
Authors: Ferreira Carolina Góis , Duarte Newton
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo desenvolver relações entre o conceito de clássico, tal como postulado pela pedagogia histórico-crítica e a constituição dos valores universais. Com o intuito de alcançar este fim, o texto está divido em três momentos. Em um primeiro momento abordamos a contraposição existente entre a concepção de conhecimento presente na pedagogia histórico-crítica e a concepção de conhecimento hegemônica. Em um segundo momento, apoiando-nos nas obras de Karl Marx (1818-1883) e Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), em produções de György Lukács (1885-1971) e de autores próximos ao seu pensamento, como são os casos de Agnes Heller (1929-2019) e György Márkus (1934-2016), buscamos estabelecer as relações entre a construção dos valores universais e o clássico. E, por fim, em um terceiro momento, analisamos o trabalho educativo como um processo situado no âmbito da educação escolar e que se vincula à preservação dos valores universais condensados nos conhecimentos clássicos. Verificamos que a compreensão do clássico a partir da constituição dos valores universais é fundamental para entendermos a conformação deste como um produto da atividade humana. Os valores condensados nos conhecimentos clássicos, para além de sua vinculação sócio-histórica, transcendem em direção à universalidade. A compreensão adequada desse processo nos permite a necessária superação da antinomia entre dogmatismo e relativismo, condição fundamental para o entendimento do conceito de clássico conforme postulado pela pedagogia histórico-crítica.
Mlearning in a mobile world: an analysis of the scientific production of mlearning in the context of language education
Authors: Fluminhan Carmem Silvia Lima , Fluminhan Júnior Antonio , Schlünzen Elisa Tomoe Moriya , Schlünzen Junior Klaus
Published: May 2021

Mobile learning (mlearning) has been emerging as an innovation with incredible potential to transform the educational practice. However, limited research has focused on how mlearning has been investigated  in the context of language teaching and learning around the world. This paper presents a survey on the educational scenario that pervades the teaching and learning English as a second or foreign language mediated by technology. This study conducted an analysis of publications (N=18) involving mlearning in the context of teaching or learning English as a foreign or second language and published from 2010 to March 2019. The aims were to verify in what perspective mlearning has been investigated in the context of teaching and/or learning a foreign or second language, what critical success factors (CSFs) have influenced the implementation of mlearning and identify possible gaps of study that need to be fulfilled in future researches. The results indicate that: i) mlearning has been most investigated in the tertiary educational level, ii) the learners` perspective has been the focus of most publications, iii) English is the target language in all studies, and iv) the dominant topic concerning this theme is mlearning technologies, apps and uses. In addition, the findings also report that 19 CSFs were pointed out in 14 publications and assimilation of curriculum (50%) was the most cited CSF. Moreover, the results indicate that there has been a recent increase of interest in mlearning related to foreign language teaching and learning. Further topics of investigation concerning mlearning in language education are suggested.
Setores acadêmicos que interferem na satisfação do aluno no ensino superior
Authors: Ribeiro Iara Margolis , Correia Walter Franklin Marques , Campos Fábio
Published: May 2021

O Ensino Superior Brasileiro vem aumentando, principalmente, com a participação de Instituições Privadas. Dados recentes do MEC demonstram o alto grau de desistência e abandono, por parte do aluno, de sua graduação, o que afeta tanto o viés pessoal, profissional e emocional do discente, quanto nas questões organizacionais e financeiras da Instituição. Saber o que interfere na satisfação do estudante é uma das formas de atuação para reduzir a taxa de evasão, bem como fazer com que o aluno se engaje mais na sua escolha acadêmica. Diante disso, o presente estudo fez um levantamento dos setores que deveriam ser analisados e entrevistou 44 alunos de graduação, das áreas de ‘Saúde’, ‘Humanas’ e ‘Exatas’. Salienta-se que vários fatores interferem na satisfação do educando. Neste sentido, a pesquisa teve como resultado principal a categoria ‘Acadêmica’, principalmente no que diz respeito à ‘qualidade de ensino’ e com o ‘docente’, mas também se tem destaque para o ‘serviço’, a ‘estrutura física’ e o ‘relacionamento’ com o aluno. Como resultado principal o setor ‘Acadêmico’ e ‘Docente’ foram os pontos tidos como principais para a satisfação do aluno do ensino superior e que as avaliações são espontâneas e sofrem influência do contexto.
Literatura em anos iniciais e a BNCC
Authors: Zappone Mirian Hisae Yaegashi , Quadros Camila Mossi de
Published: May 2021

No ano de 2018, foi implementada a Base Nacional Curricular Comum no Brasil – BNCC com o objetivo de centralizar e uniformizar os conteúdos curriculares a serem abordados por todas as escolas da educação básica. Neste documento, o ensino de língua portuguesa aparece inserido no campo de linguagem e suas tecnologias e o ensino de literatura é apresentado, como historicamente tem sido, dentro do conteúdo geral desta disciplina. Quanto ao trabalho com os textos literários, a BNCC propõe que ele deve ser nuclear no ensino médio, como também no ensino fundamental. Em razão de a literatura configurar-se como um conteúdo dentro do componente de Língua Portuguesa, ou seja, por não se constituir como um componente curricular específico, torna-se importante uma leitura atenta da BNCC no sentido de verificar: i) como os conteúdos relacionados ao ensino de literatura são apresentados no documento, ii) os tipos de textos literários propostos para leitura e iii) os encaminhamentos metodológicos propostos pelo documento em relação à leitura da literatura, ou seja, como o documento propõe que sejam lidos os textos literários na escola. O corpus utilizado para a análise desses elementos é constituído pelas habilidades de Língua Portuguesa apresentadas na BNCC que se referem ao ensino de literatura dos anos iniciais – fundamental I. Tendo em vista tais objetivos, o artigo discute sumariamente momentos-chave do ensino de língua e literatura, bem como apresenta considerações teóricas sobre leitura literária, baseada em postulados dos novos estudos de letramento e em autores como Chartier (1999), Candido (1975-1981), Hansen (2005) e Aguiar (2000).