bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of forming process on mechanical and interfacial properties for thermoplastic composite I-stiffened structures
Authors: Dai Guangming , Zhan Lihua , Guan Chenglong , Huang Minghui
Published: December 2021

The forming process is the core factor to control the quality of thermoplastic composite components. In this paper, the common I-stiffened structures in the aerospace field were taken as the research object, and the forming process scheme was designed. Based on the prefabrication of C-shaped parts, the I-stiffened structures were prepared by the compression molding process. The influence law of molding temperature on the quality of the prefabricated C-shaped parts was explored. The time dependence of the PEEK melt viscosity was tested to provide the basis for the optimization of forming process parameters of I-stiffened structures. The influencing mechanism of thermoplastic composites repeatedly forming to the bonding strength of remelting interface was studied. The results show that repeated forming would lead to polymer aging and result in low bonding strength at the remelting interface of the I-stiffened structures. Optimizing the forming process could effectively reduce the aging of materials and improve the bonding strength of the remelting interface and overall mechanical properties of components. The research provides technical guidance for the manufacturing of complex thermoplastic composite components, especially the influence mechanism of the forming process on the bonding strength of remelting interface.
Fault-tolerant control of a rotary shape memory alloy actuator using a terminal sliding mode controller
Authors: Beydaghi Pooria , Ayati Moosa , Zakerzadeh Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on developing a Fault-tolerant control (FTC) method for a rotary Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuator against actuator faults. The SMA actuator uses a pair of SMA wires in the antagonistic configuration for rotating a pulley. A proposed Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) is utilized to compensate for the effects of actuator faults and to guarantee acceptable tracking performance in the presence of faults. The developed closed-loop scheme is applied to both a simulated model of the actuator as well as a real actuator in an experimental setup and then, the performance is evaluated and compared with a Proportional (P) controller and a sliding mode controller. It is shown that the proposed scheme works well in both normal and faulty conditions. The experimental results indicate that TSMC has almost no steady-state error while both P and sliding mode controllers have a considerable error (about 20% relative error), in the presence of the actuator faults.
Thermal–hydraulic analysis of a solar air heater fitted with a wire-roughened absorber plate
Authors: Madhukeshwara Nanjundappa , Alhadhrami A , Alzahrani Hassan A H , Prasanna B H
Published: December 2021

This study is to evaluate heat transmission and friction in a rectangular solar air heater with a V-shaped wire rib roughness on the absorber plate that operates in fully formed turbulent flow. Additionally, studies are performed to generate prediction equations for the average friction factor, Stanton number, and efficiency index. The Reynolds number [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], angle of attack [Formula: see text]20[Formula: see text]–90[Formula: see text]), relative roughness pitch [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], relative roughness height [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], and the aspect ratio [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] was varied. The efficiency index [Formula: see text] is commonly employed as a thermo-hydraulic performance metric. It is computed as [Formula: see text]. The wire roughness and airflow parameters [Formula: see text] are optimized to maximize heat transfer while retaining minimal friction losses. On the basis of resemblance criteria, average Stanton numbers, average Nusselt numbers, and even average friction factors are derived. The results are compared to those obtained with a smooth absorber duct under similar airflow circumstances in order to assess the increase in heat transfer coefficient and friction factor. The [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] have a significant influence on thermo–hydraulic performance, according to these studies. With [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], the optimal configuration geometry for wire roughness and solar air heater duct is identified.
Knowledge graph technology application in Chinese SSCI: An example of short videos research
Authors: Yang Wancheng , Ning Hailin
Published: December 2021

Thousands of new publications appear every day in bibliometric databases, so the demand for document retrieval technology is growing. Bibliometrics makes it possible to perform a quantitative analysis of text publications; however, the problem of classifying complex videos with a high level of semantics remains unsolved. Meanwhile, short-form videos gain popularity and attract more researchers. Knowledge Graph seems to be a promising technology in this area. This technology makes it possible to modernize the information search infrastructure. The experiment involved 461 short-video studies. The material for the experiment was collected from the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) database. The bibliometric method was recognized as expedient for the analysis. The keyword mapping and clustering operations were performed using the CiteSpace software. The results demonstrate that short-form video research has been popular among Chinese scientists since 2017. Short-form video research focuses on five major topics, that is, development trends, modern media convergence, video production, visual content management, and short-form videos in the public sector. The present findings may be employed in future research to collect relevant samples with exact semantic relationships. The technology is not limited to specific applications and, therefore, may be useful in any field of research.
Air pollution influence on serum inflammatory interleukins: A prospective study in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous patients
Authors: Farhat Sylvia Costa Lima , Ejnisman Carolina , Alves Andressa Guariento Ferreira , Goulart Maria Fernanda Giacomin , Lichtenfels Ana Julia de Faria Coimbra , Braga Alfésio Luis Ferreira , Pereira Luiz Alberto Amador , Maluf Elias Adriana , Silva Clovis A
Published: December 2021

Objective

To assess the effect of individual exposure, in real-time, to traffic-related pollutants on serum interleukin levels of childhood-onset lupus erythematous systemic (c-SLE) patients.

Methods

A longitudinal and observational design was conducted in 12 repeated measures of serum samples and clinical evaluations (totaling 108 measurements) of c-SLE patients over 30 consecutive months. Real-time, individual exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was measured with portable monitors. Generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 and the following serum cytokine levels on the 7 days preceding clinical assessment and serum collection: MCP1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-alpha, and TNF-alpha. Disease activity and other risk factors were also controlled.

Results

An interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 daily concentration was significantly associated with increased levels of TNF-alpha on the third, fourth, and seventh day after exposure; IL-10 on the third and fourth day after exposure; IL-17 on the third and seventh day after exposure; and INF-alpha on the third day after exposure ( p < 0.05). An IQR increase in 7-day moving average of PM2.5 was associated with a 6.2 pg/mL (95% CI: 0.5; 11.8; p = 0.04) increase in serum IFN-alpha level. An unexpected significant association was observed between an IQR increase in NO27-day cumulative concentration and a decrease of 1.6 pg/mL (95% CI: −2.6; −0.7; p < 0.001) in serum IL-17.

Conclusion

Real-time exposure to PM2.5 prospectively associated with increased serum TNF-alpha, INF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-17 levels in c-SLE patients.
Defining and characterising the nurse–patient relationship: A concept analysis
Authors: Allande-Cussó Regina , Fernández-García Elena , Porcel-Gálvez Ana María
Published: December 2021

The nurse-patient relationship involves complex attitudes and behaviours with ethical and deontological implications. It has been linked to improvements in patient health outcomes, although there is still no consensus in the scientific literature as to the definition and characterisation of the concept. This article aim to define the concept of the nurse-patient relationship. A concept analysis was conducted using the Walker and Avant method to identify the attributes defining the nurse-patient relationship. An integrative review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature databases. A review of the grey literature and other minor non-indexed publications on the topic was also conducted. A total of 36 articles were included in the review. A model case, a contrary case, a related case, and empirical references were produced to clarify the concept and identify its essential attributes. The concept is defined as a helping relationship involving interaction between different players. It is the basis of nursing care and is intended to meet the healthcare needs of the individual receiving this care. It is also viewed as an intervention in itself, requiring a specific training process just like any other nursing skill. The essential attributes of the relationship are empathy, presence, contact, authenticity, trust, and reciprocity. In conclusion, the nurse-patient relationship is a helping relationship established with the patient and/or their family based on interaction, communication, respect for ethical values, acceptance, and empathy in order to encourage introspection and behavioural change. Key components include communication, active listening, and respect. Bioethical values and confidentiality must also be present to ensure that the relationship is built on equality and intimacy.
Knowledge capitalization in mechatronic collaborative design
Authors: Fradi Mouna , Gaha Raoudha , Mhenni Faïda , Mlika Abdelfattah , Choley Jean-Yves
Published: December 2021

In mechatronic collaborative design, there is a synergic integration of several expert domains, where heterogeneous knowledge needs to be shared. To address this challenge, ontology-based approaches are proposed as a solution to overtake this heterogeneity. However, dynamic exchange between design teams is overlooked. Consequently, parametric-based approaches are developed to use constraints and parameters consistently during collaborative design. The most valuable knowledge that needs to be capitalized, which we call crucial knowledge, is identified with informal solutions. Thus, a formal identification and extraction is required. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to formalize the interconnection between stakeholders and facilitate the extraction and capitalization of crucial knowledge during the collaboration, based on the mathematical theory ‘Category Theory’ (CT). Firstly, we present an overview of most used methods for crucial knowledge identification in the context of collaborative design as well as a brief review of CT basic concepts. Secondly, we propose a methodology to formally extract crucial knowledge based on some fundamental concepts of category theory. Finally, a case study is considered to validate the proposed methodology.
Group Prenatal Care and Emergency Room Utilization
Authors: Marton James , Smith Jessica C. , Heberlein Emily C. , Laboy Ana , Britt Jessie , Crockett Amy H.
Published: December 2021

Pregnancy-related complaints are a significant driver of emergency room (ER) utilization among women. Because of additional time for patient education and provider relationships, group prenatal care may reduce ER visits among pregnant women by helping them identify appropriate care settings, improving understanding of common pregnancy discomforts, and reducing risky health behaviors. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, utilizing Medicaid claims and birth certificate data from a statewide expansion of group care, to compare ER utilization between pregnant women participating in group prenatal care and individual prenatal care. Using propensity score matching methods, we found that group care was associated with a significant reduction in the likelihood of having any ER utilization (–5.9% among women receiving any group care and –6.0% among women attending at least five group care sessions). These findings suggest that group care may reduce ER utilization among pregnant women and encourage appropriate health care utilization during pregnancy.
Pathogenic Bacterial Species in Locally Prepared Fresh Fruit Juices Sold in Juice Houses of Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mengistu Dechasa Adare , Baraki Negga , Gobena Tesema Tesfaye
Published: December 2021

Fruit juices are important components of a healthy diet and a dietary source of nutrients, vitamins, and fiber and vital for human health. However, unless it is handled with safety and hygienic conditions, food can be a vehicle for the transmission of various agents of diseases resulting in food borne outbreaks. Thus, this study aimed to determine common pathogenic bacterial species in locally prepared fresh fruit juices sold in juice houses of Eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted from 1 January to 27 March 2020, in eastern Ethiopia. Seventy-eight juice samples were collected aseptically using a sterilized collecting jar from each juice house. Pour plate count method was used to determine Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Shigella species. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests such as Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. P-value of .05 was considered as a cut point for statistical significance. The study found Staphylococcus count ranged from 1.68 log CFU/mL with the mean value of 4.204 log CFU/mL. Overall, 58 (74.4%) of the fruit juice samples had Staphylococcus count, 19 (24.4%) had Salmonella and 12 (15.4%) had Shigella higher than the maximum permitted limit of Gulf standard, 2000 set for any type of fruit juice. In general, the study found more than two-thirds of fruit juice samples had at least 1 pathogenic bacteria species higher than the maximum permitted limit and potentially hazardous to consumer health. Thus, regular supervision and application of food hygiene and safety are essential to improve the quality of fruit juice and to prevent the consumption of contaminated fruit juices, which leads to food borne illness.
How we learn whiteness: Disciplining and resisting management knowledge
Authors: Liu Helena
Published: December 2021

In management studies, whiteness is learnt through the discipline’s epistemic norms and conventions, received intellectual history, conceptual canon, driving logics and institutional frameworks. The foundational white epistemology of management produces and secures racial inequality while insisting that race is irrelevant and racism is obsolete in a post-racial imaginary. In this conceptual piece, I explore how scholars of colour and our knowledge experience a phenomenon of seen invisibility. This dialectical condition is reproduced through mechanisms and practices by which our discipline is disciplined within the prevailing racial order. After analysing examples of these normalised mechanisms and practices through the testimonies of scholars of colour who research, review, teach and edit management theorising in the Global North, I discuss how we might unlearn whiteness in our discipline through epistemic resistance.
The impact of COVID-19 on tourists’ length of stay and daily expenditures
Authors: Baños-Pino José F , Boto-García David , Del Valle Eduardo , Sustacha Inés
Published: December 2021

This study evaluates the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourists’ length of stay and daily expenditures at a destination. The paper compares detailed microdata for visitors to a Northern Spanish region in the summer periods of 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (after the pandemic outbreak). We estimate the pandemic-induced impacts on the length of stay and expenditures per person for several categories using regression adjustment, inverse probability weighting regression and propensity score matching. We find clear evidence of a drop in the length of stay of around 1.26 nights, representing a 23.8% decline. We also show that, although total expenditures per person and day have remained constant, there has been a change in the allocations for categories in the tourism budget.
Visualising policy responses during health emergencies. Learning from the COVID-19 policy trackers
Authors: Falisse Jean-Benoît , McAteer Boel
Published: December 2021

Data visualisations are intimately connected to the emergence of public health as a discipline and policy area. Besides the mapping of cases and deaths, the COVID-19 pandemic has seen an explosion of attempts to track policy responses. They have come from actors sometimes initially unfamiliar with public and global health. In this paper, we analyse seven of the most successful tracker initiatives that have sought to map governments’ reactions to COVID-19 and reflect on our own. When not led by international organisations, the trackers primarily rely on networks of volunteer country expert contributors (who need to be incentivised in the medium term). The vertical crowdsourcing approach means that, despite good intentions, contributors have a relatively limited agency in shaping the trackers. Maps and timelines comparing countries are the most popular visualisations; they suggest that (some) policy solutions can be found abroad and rely on policy taxonomies established by the trackers’ core teams. We contend that such taxonomies, which compete with each other, constitute attempts to frame the complex issue of which policies matter in responding to COVID-19. All the projects are large and complex and often without a well-defined intended audience. We hypothesise that the popularity (in terms of backlinks) of the most successful tracker arises from the fact that it sums up COVID-19 policies in one easily visualisable indicator. We suggest that the trackers are a more helpful emergency policy tool when they provide contextual information, keep policy details or refer to them (rather than only reduce them to categories), and suggest ways to link different elements—including the relationship between health or societal outcomes and policies.
COVID-19 lockdown in Spain: Psychological impact is greatest on younger and vulnerable children
Authors: Matalí-Costa Josep , Camprodon-Rosanas Ester
Published: December 2021

In 2020, quarantine home confinement measures were implemented in Spain to control a pandemic for the first time. The objective of this study is to assess both the psychological and social impact of that ‘lockdown’ on different age groups of children and adolescents and also the different strategies adopted by families in that situation. We collected data via an online questionnaire answered by 850 participants, parents of young people aged between 4 and 18, between 24th April and 8th May 2020. Our results show that living in a home smaller than 80 m2 is associated with an increased risk of presenting clinical symptoms of emotional or behavioural distress, with an odds ratio of 2.54 (95% CI: 1.07–6.02), p = 0.034; while increased age is a predictor of better psychological functioning during lockdown: coefficient of 0.25 (95% CI: 0.07–0.41), p = 0.004. Moreover, age is also a marker of higher scores on the scale of psychological symptoms, with a coefficient of 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01–0.04), p = .005. To conclude, younger children present poorer behavioural and emotional functioning and more symptoms of emotional distress than adolescents during lockdown. Living in a small home is a risk factor for presenting clinical symptoms. These findings should be taken into consideration when planning for future home confinement episodes and when considering preventative strategies in the realm of mental health care.
Samaritans, Biblical Studies, and Ancient Judaism: Recent Trends
Authors: Chalmers Matthew
Published: December 2021

In this article, I survey recent trends in Samaritan studies, with a particular focus on biblical studies and the interactions of Samaritan Israelites with other religious traditions. While remaining entrenched in discussion of the origins of Samaritans, scholars have firmly embraced the idea of processual Samaritan identity, emerging over time and in a non-genealogical sense alongside and interwoven with Judean/Jewish self-definition. Extensive work clusters, in particular, at three nodes: the study of Hebrew-language scriptures, archaeological excavations, and the remodelling of identity-production in a constructivist form. I also sketch out the directions in which the field is moving, with growing and productive emphasis on Aramaic, Arabic, and late antiquity. Finally, I identify some of the quirks of Samaritan studies as it might be encountered, in particular a continued effort to salvage Samaritans for biblical studies, somewhat intermittent interdisciplinarity, and practices of engagement with Samaritan Israelites themselves.
A simple design of uniform LED illumination using catadioptric collimator and freeform lenslet array
Authors: Vu DT , Vu H , Shin S , Kieu NM , Tien TQ , Vu NH
Published: December 2021

We introduce a compact lenslet array principle that takes advantage of freeform optics to deploy a light distributor, beneficial for highly efficient, inexpensive, low energy consumption light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system. We outline here a simple strategy for designing the freeform lens that makes use of an array of the identical plano-convex lenslet. The light is redistributed from such lenslet, hinging on the principle of optical path length conservation, and then delivered to the receiver plane. The superimposing of such illumination area from every lenslet occurs on the receiver plane, in which the non-uniform illumination area located in the boundary should have the same dimension as the size of the freeform lenslet array. Such an area, insofar, is negligible due to their small size, which is the crux of our design, representing a large departure from the former implementations. Based on simulations that assess light performance, the proposed design exhibited the compatibility for multiple radiation geometries and off-axis lighting without concern for the initial radiation pattern of the source. As simulated, the LED light source integrated with such proposed freeform lenslet array revealed high luminous efficiency and uniformity within the illumination area of interest were above 70% and 85%, respectively. Such novel design was then experimentally demonstrated to possess a uniformity of 75% at hand, which was close to the simulation results. Also, proposed indoor lighting was implemented in comparison with the commercial LED downlight and LED panel, whereby the energy consumption, number of luminaires and illumination performance were assessed to show the advantage of our simplified model.
Fear and loathing in monuments: Rethinking the politics and practices of monumentality and monumentalization
Authors: Murphy Kaitlin M.
Published: December 2021

Monuments—and the function and import of monumentality and practices of monumentalization—are currently under incredible scrutiny. Should historical statues of racist figures and pasts be left as they are or removed and destroyed? Should they be rehomed in statue parks intended as final resting places for disgraced statues? Or should they be left but with additional monuments and memorials added to their surroundings to provide further context? At the root of these debates is a fundamental inquiry about not just what monuments are but, more importantly, what monuments are intended to do for and within a body politic. In scholarly dialogue with Doss, Santino, Savage, Young, and others, I assert that we need to reorient and expand our thinking about monuments. I argue that monuments function as speech acts, and although they rarely speak for an entire body politic, monuments play a critical role in shaping historical narratives and cultural reckoning with racist, brutally violent pasts and their lived afterlives. Moreover, while in many respects backward-facing, monuments are also profoundly future-facing in the values and narratives they symbolize and articulate and the kinds of spaces and community practices they have the potential to cultivate. I analyze two different monument projects: Aida Šehović’s transnational nomadic monument to the Srebrenica genocide, ŠTO TE NEMA, and Landmarked, Ada Pinkston’s embodied replacement and reimagining of spaces where Confederate and slavery monuments used to be in the Eastern United States. These monument projects, I argue, challenge us to revisit the politics and practices of monumentality and monumentalization in relation to unworked-through racist pasts and, in this incredible moment of reckoning and crisis, suggest new possibilities for how we understand—and cultivate—monuments moving forward.
‘Comfort women must fall’? Japanese governmental responses to ‘comfort women’ statues around the world
Authors: Ushiyama Rin
Published: December 2021

This article examines Japanese governmental responses to memorial statues dedicated to ‘comfort women’ – women across the Asia-Pacific whom the Japanese military forced into conditions now recognised as sexual slavery before and during World War Two. This article discusses four cases around the world in which Japanese government officials have demanded the removal of comfort women statues: 1) Glendale, California; 2) San Francisco; 3) Manila; and 4) Berlin. The global expansion of comfort women memorialisation is significant to contemporary statue politics and crises of memory in three ways. Firstly, East Asian diasporas have become important actors in the remembrance of Japanese colonialism and the Asia-Pacific War outside East Asia. Secondly, these statues constitute attempts by diasporas to recover and reclaim a traumatic past through material culture. Thirdly, despite the global geographical reach of comfort women memory activism, neither nationalism nor the power of the nation-state have declined in today’s transnational world.
Legitimation crisis, memory, and United States exceptionalism: Lessons from post-communist Eastern Europe
Authors: Ciobanu Monica , Şerban Mihaela
Published: December 2021

The article examines how the experiences of post-communist transitional justice policies could inform current controversies in the United States regarding its reckoning with the past. To lay the ground for this analysis, three facets of American exceptionalism—the dual state reality, the triumphalist myth, and the denialist myth—are identified as principal obstacles that have preempted any substantive reparations for the crimes against humanity perpetrated against enslaved Africans and their descendants. This is followed by a presentation of how the 1989 revolutions in East and Central Europe failed to promote an inclusive and pluralistic model of the past. Instead, current representations of the past rooted in essentialist and ethnocentric historical narratives are weaponized by non-democratic political actors. Finally, the authors caution against misguided representations of historical trauma and memory wars in the United States that could potentially reproduce White supremacist ideologies and escalate existent political and cultural divisions.
Memory dynamics in times of crisis: An interview with Sarah Gensburger
Authors: Craps Stef , Gilbert Catherine
Published: December 2021

Working at the intersection of political science, ethnographic sociology, and contemporary historiography, Sarah Gensburger specializes in the social dynamics of memory. In this interview, she talks about her book Memory on My Doorstep: Chronicles of the Bataclan Neighborhood, Paris 2015–2016, which traces the evolving memorialization processes following the 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris, their impact on the local landscape, and the social appropriations of the past by visitors at memorials and commemorative sites. She also discusses her new project Vitrines en confinement—Vetrine in quarantena (“Windows in Lockdown”), which documents public responses to the coronavirus pandemic from different sites across Europe through the creation of a photographic archive of public space. The interview highlights issues around the immediacy of contemporary memorialization practices, the ways in which people engage with their local space during times of crisis, and how we are all actively involved in preserving memory for the future.
Between remembrance and knowledge: The Spanish Flu, COVID-19, and the two poles of collective memory
Authors: Vinitzky-Seroussi Vered , Jalfim Maraschin Mathias
Published: December 2021

While the literature suggests that the Spanish Flu—despite the devastation it caused—suffers from social amnesia, this article begs to differ. Building on the multiplicity of manners in which the past maintains itself in the present and specifically focusing on Erll’s distinction between remembrance and knowledge as two poles of collective memory, we shed light on the collective memory of the Spanish Flu in its entirety. First, our analysis recognizes COVID-19 as a catalyst of the remembrance of the Spanish Flu. Second, it suggests that the perceived social amnesia attached to the Spanish Flu stems from overlooking the mark it left on the sphere of knowledge. The article addresses the need to recognize the uniqueness and importance of the knowledge pole in assessing collective memory, and exposes the dynamics and potential relationships shared by the poles.
Softball bat inertial considerations and their effects on female softball swing mechanics and estimated bat performance
Authors: Nesbit Steven M , Milanovich Monica
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the role of the inertial properties in the design and selection of the softball bat, and their interrelated effects on female softball swing mechanics and bat performance. The study was performed using 14 collegiate subjects whose swings were analyzed via a computer model, which included methods for estimating post-impact ball velocity. The model was driven kinematically by subject swing recordings using two different trial bats with markedly different inertial properties. Using this method, the following information was determined: subjects altered their linear kinetic inputs while applying consistent angular kinetic inputs to maintain nearly consistent trajectories; subjects compensated for increased bat inertia by modification of the bat instantaneous center-of-rotation trajectory ( ICR); and swing trajectory influenced the bat’s inertial feel, actual, and ideal impact locations, and batted-ball velocity. Subsequently, the mass properties of 27 collegiate level bats were input into the model for each subject trial. Using this information, the relative changes in kinetic inputs were quantified and the performance of the bats was estimated. Results showed that bat inertial properties varied considerably, and independent manipulation of individual properties was evident. In addition, subject kinetic inputs and bat performance measures were most affected by changes in mass center (CG) location, mass, and CG inertia. A modified definition of IGRIP based upon the ICR was presented, and practical implications for designers and practitioners were offered based upon these findings.
Teachers’ response to a challenge to change: A portrait of teacher resilience to a professional development program
Authors: Tamah Siti M , Wirjawan Johannes VD
Published: December 2021

Teachers’ learning in keeping abreast of groundbreaking instructional techniques is crucial for their continuous development of which the ultimate goal is meaningful learning for students. However, research on the extent teachers respond to the demand to change especially on their assessment practice is limited. This study investigated teachers’ resilience on a new educational innovation on formative assessment which is group oriented. The study engaged a cohort of 100 high school teachers joining a professionalism-related seminar and workshop for the expected change. The data were collected from a set of individual questionnaire. Mowbray’s insight on process of reacting to events was employed to analyse the data projected to describe the teachers’ resilience on an innovative assessment practice. The findings indicated teachers revealed resilience to a certain extent on the innovative assessment practice. The majority were open to the challenge to change; it is the novice teachers who revealed the greatest resilience.
Skin care and hygiene among healthcare professionals during and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Rivers Jason K , Arlette John P , DeKoven Joel , Guenther Lyn C , Muhn Channy , Richer Vincent , Rosen Nathan , Tremblay Jean-François , Wiseman Marni C , Zip Catherine , Zloty David
Published: December 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has necessitated enhanced protection against viral transmission among healthcare professionals, particularly relating to handwashing and personal protective equipment. Some of these requirements may persist for years to come. They bring associated concerns around skin hygiene and general care, with damage to the face and hands now a well-documented consequence among healthcare professionals. This review assesses optimal skin care during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic and in the “new normal” that will follow, identifies current knowledge gaps, and provides practical advice for the clinical setting. Regular, systematic hand cleaning with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand rub (containing 60%–90% ethanol or isopropyl alcohol) remains essential, although the optimal quantity and duration is unclear. Gloves are a useful additional barrier; further studies are needed on preferred materials. Moisturization is typically helpful and has proven benefits in mitigating damage from frequent handwashing. It may be best practiced using an alcohol-based hand rub with added moisturizer and could be particularly important among individuals with pre-existing hand dermatoses, such as psoriasis and eczema. Face moisturization immediately prior to donning a mask, and the use of dressings under the mask to reduce friction, can be helpful dermatologically, but more work is required to prove that these actions do not affect seal integrity. Nonetheless, such measures could play a role in institutional plans for mitigating the dermatologic impact of transmission control measures as we exit the pandemic.
Intra- and inter-rater reliability of compressed breast thickness, applied force, and pressure distribution in screening mammography
Authors: Voigt Martina , Bolejko Anetta , Dustler Magnus
Published: December 2021

Background

Ensuring equivalent and reproducible breast compression between mammographic screening rounds is important for the diagnostic performance of mammography, yet the extent to which screening mammography positioning and compression is reproducible for the individual woman is unknown.

Purpose

To investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of breast compression in screening mammography.

Materials and Methods

Eleven breast-healthy women participated in the study. Two experienced radiographers independently positioned and compressed the breasts of each participant in two projections—right craniocaudal and left mediolateral oblique—and at two time points. The spatial pressure distribution on the compressed breast was measured using a pressure sensor matrix. Applied force, compressed breast thickness, force in field of view, contact area, mean pressure, and center of mass (anterio-posterior and mediolateral axes) were measured. The reliabilities of the measures between the time points for each radiographer (intra-rater reliability) and between the radiographers (inter-rater reliability) were analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities from both projections demonstrated good to excellent ICCs (≥0.82) for compressed breast thickness, contact area, and anterio-posterior center of mass. The other measures produced ICCs that varied from poor (≤0.42) to excellent (≥0.93) between time points and between radiographers.

Conclusion

Intra- and inter-rater reliability of breast compression was consistently high for compressed breast thickness, contact area, and anterio-posterior center of mass but low for mediolateral center of mass and applied force. Further research is needed to establish objective and clinically useful parameters for the standardization of breast compression.
Assessment of a New Lateral Cushioned Casting Orthosis: Effects on Peroneus Longus Muscle Electromyographic Activity During Running
Authors: Sánchez-Gómez Rubén , Romero-Morales Carlos , Gómez-Carrión Álvaro , Zaragoza-García Ignacio , Martínez-Sebastián Carlos , Ortuño-Soriano Ismael , Gómez-Lara Arturo , De la Cruz-Torres Blanca
Published: December 2021

Background:

Classical medial wedge (CMW) orthoses have been prescribed to treat overpronation foot pathologies in runners. The effects of a novel supination orthosis (NSO) on the surface electromyography (EMG) activity of the peroneus longus (PL) muscle during a complete cycle of running have yet to be tested.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare the EMG activity of the PL in participants wearing CMW orthoses and NSOs versus neutral running shoes (NRS) during a full cycle of running gait. It was hypothesized that the PL muscle activity would be lower for the NSO compared with CMW or NRS.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Included were 31 healthy recreational runners of both sexes (14 male and 17 female; mean age, 38.58 ± 4.02 years) with a neutral Foot Posture Index and standard rearfoot-strike pattern. Participants ran on a treadmill at 9 km/h while wearing NSO (3-, 6-, and 9-mm thicknesses), CMW (3-, 6-, and 9-mm thicknesses), and NRS, for a total of 7 different conditions randomly selected, while the EMG signal activity of the PL was recorded for 30 seconds. Each trial was recorded 3 times, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test reliability of the measurements was calculated. The Wilcoxon pair to pair nonparametric test with Bonferroni correction was performed to analyze differences among the conditions.

Results:

The reliability of all assessments was almost perfect (ICC, >0.81). For both the CMW and NSO, regardless of thickness, the PL activity was statistically significantly lower compared with the NRS ( P < .05 for all). For all CMW thicknesses, the PL activity was lower compared with the respective NSO thicknesses, with the 3-mm thickness having the largest difference (CMW3mm, 18.63 ± 4.64 vs NSO3mm, 20.78 ± 4.99 mV; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Both CMW and NSO produced reduced EMG activity of the PL muscle; therefore, they can be prescribed to treat overpronation pathologies without associated PL strain concerns. In addition, the NSO saved the enhancement material placed on the medial-rear side of CMW, making it easier to wear sports shoes.

Clinical Relevance:

Knowing the safety of CMW and NSO will aid in understanding treatments for overpronation pathologies.
Pronouns, Positioning, and Persuasion in Top Nonprofits’ Donor Appeals
Authors: Lentz Paula , Getchell Kristen , Dubinsky James , Kerr Mary Katherine
Published: December 2021

Despite increased giving in 2019, competition for donations among nonprofits remains high, especially when a charitable organization’s niche overlaps with that of others’. Consequently, nonprofit charitable organizations must tell stories that persuade donors to support their mission and contribute. This study uses positioning theory to examine how websites of the charitable organizations that appeared in Forbes Magazine’s 2019 top 100 charities use storytelling to facilitate their ethos such that they gain support and thus increase their donor base. The results revealed that nonprofits use positioning to establish two types of partnerships: invited and assumed. Furthermore, the coding revealed three primary types of positioning within these partnerships: savior-follower, business partners, and teacher-student. These positions organize and set the parameters for each organization’s story and will not only influence and potentially dictate the speech acts that follow, but also the responsibilities and rights of all those involved.
Hostile Ignorance, Class, and Same-Race Friendships: Perspectives of Working-Class College Students
Authors: Ferguson Sherelle , Lareau Annette
Published: December 2021

In the growing literature on upwardly mobile college students, there is evidence of students from working-class backgrounds experiencing exclusion on campus. Yet there has been insufficient attention to interactions between working-class students and their more affluent same-race friends. Drawing on 44 in-depth interviews with undergraduates from working-class backgrounds at two private universities, the authors show that Black, white, and Asian American students experience classist interactions with same-race friends characterized by what the authors term hostile ignorance. Although these interactions challenged same-race friendships for each racial group, the precise form they took was inflected by racial dynamics. Furthermore, tensions in intraracial friendships led students to withdraw socially, thereby shrinking their social networks. These findings clarify how racially homogenous social ties can provide support yet also feature class-based antagonisms. As we consider students’ sense of belonging on campus, we must be more precise about where working-class students are exposed to classism and who is responsible.
Is the Routine Removal of Titanium Plates and Screws Following Miniplate Osteosynthesis of Maxillofacial Bone Fractures Justified? A Fifteen-Year Experience in a Maxillofacial Centre, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Daniels John Spencer , Albakry Ibrahim , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Samara Mohammed Ismail
Published: December 2021

Background

Routine removal of titanium miniplates in the maxillofacial region is still controversial. This current study hopes to share our experience with the different reasons for maxillofacial plates and screws removal following miniplate osteosynthesis.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of plates and screws removal following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of maxillofacial fractures at King Khalid Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from 2005-2019. Information collected includes demographics, etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures, treatment modalities as well as reasons for plates and screws removal. Data was stored and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for windows Version 25 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).

Results

A total of 985 patients with maxillofacial bone fractures had ORIF during the study period out of which 149 had miniplates and screws removed, giving a prevalence rate of 15.1%. There were 141 (94.6%) males and 8 (5.4%) females, with a M:F of 17.6:1. Their ages ranged from 4-65 years with mean (SD) at 24.6 (12.2) years. The age group from 16-30 years had the most cases of plates removal with statistical significance ( P = .000). Young age (43 (28.8%)) constituted the majority of reasons responsible for plate removal. The angle of the mandible is the site with the largest number of plate removal with 34 (22.8%) cases followed by the parasymphyseal site with 21 (14.1%) cases.

Conclusion

With removal rate of 15.1%, this study concluded that there is no evidence to support routine removal of asymptomatic plates and screws in maxillofacial region.
白地杨玉发东巴文书信译释
Authors: 喻 遂生
Published: December 2021

书信是东巴文应用性文献的重要类别。书信与经书不同，能反映东巴的日常生活和思想状况，文献形式和语言文字也有特点，但以前很少刊布。本文对 1998 年白地杨玉发东巴写的一封东巴文书信进行了译释，分析了书信的文献学、语言文字学特点和价值。
Resource Nationalism and the Violation of Indigenous Rights in Mexico’s Oil Industry: The Case of a Chontal Community in Tabasco
Authors: Torres-Wong Marcela
Published: December 2021

For decades, Indigenous communities living in Mexico’s oil-producing state of Tabasco suffered violence, environmental contamination, and the destruction of their traditional livelihood. The administration of Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) taking office in 2018 promised to govern for the poorest people in Mexico, emphasizing the wellbeing of Indigenous peoples. However, as part of his nationalist agenda AMLO is pursuing aggressive exploitation of hydrocarbons upon the lead of state-owned company Pemex. This article argues that the Mexican government still denies Indigenous peoples living nearby oil reserves the right to self-determination. We examine this phenomenon through the Chontal community of Oxiacaque in the state of Tabasco suffering environmental contamination and health problems caused by the oil industry. We emphasize the government’s use of resource nationalism to legitimize violence against Indigenous communities and their natural environments. Further, the expansion of social programs and infrastructure building serves to obtain Indigenous compliance with the unsustainable fossil fuel industry.
Higher body mass index indicated better overall survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients: a real-world study of 2010 patients
Authors: Fu Ningzhen , Jiang Yu , Qin Kai , Chen Hao , Deng Xiaxing , Shen Baiyong
Published: December 2021

Background

The association between body mass index (BMI) and the overall survival (OS) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients remains controversial and unclear,

Method

A total of 2010 patients from a high-volume center were enrolled in the study. The OS of PDAC patients was evaluated based on restricted cubic spline (RCS), propensity score (PS) and multivariable risk adjustment analyses.

Result

BMI was linearly related to the OS (totalP = 0.004, nonlinearP = 0.124). BMI was analyzed as categorical data based on X-tile software-defined cutoffs and World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended cutoffs. Adjusted with confounding covariates, higher BMI manifested as a positive prognostic predictor. Furthermore, BMI was proven to be associated with the OS in the PS analysis. (UnderweightXtilevs. NormalXtileP = 0.003, OverweightXtilevs. NormalXtileP = 0.019; UnderweightWHOvs. NormalWHOP < 0.001, OverweightWHOvs. NormalWHOP = 0.024). It was also revealed that patients with higher BMI benefitted more from chemotherapy. (Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): UnderweightXtilevs. NormalXtilevs. OverweightXtile: 0.565 vs. 0.474 vs. 0.409; UnderweightWHOvs. NormalWHOvs. OverweightWHO: 0.613 vs. 0.464 vs. 0.425).

Conclusion

Among PDAC patients, there was a positive association between BMI and the OS, especially in patients treated with chemotherapy.
Primary orbital melanoma arising in an atypical diffuse (plaque-like) blue naevus/melanocytosis: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Dickens Tracey-Anne , Franchina Maria , Gajdatsy Adam , Mesbah Ardakani Nima
Published: December 2021

Background

Primary orbital melanoma is a rare disease and can occasionally develop from a pre-existing neoplasm of the blue naevus family of melanocytic lesions.

Case presentation

Herein we report a rare case of primary orbital melanoma arising from an unusual atypical diffuse (plaque-like) blue naevus/melanocytosis. A 27 year old man presented with mild pain and swelling of the left eye. Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed a left lateral episcleral orbital mass and an incisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Skin-sparing total left orbital exenteration was performed. Histopathological examination of the exenteration specimen revealed a primary orbital melanoma arising in a pre-existing blue naevus like melanocytosis.

We demonstrate the evidence for histological progression, characterise the molecular profile of this tumour and discuss the related literature.

Conclusions

This case emphasises the importance of a meticulous clinicopathological correlation in recognising such a tumour as a primary orbital melanoma rather than a metastasis, which is managed differently.