bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Sweet Potato as Pigment Source in Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens) Feed
Authors: Kattakdad Supalug , Saowakoon Krittima , Udduang Suriya
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the effect of different sweet potato varieties as dietary pigment sources on the coloration of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens). The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replicates. The experimental feed consisted of; control feed, 5 % orange sweet potato (OrSP), 5 % yellow sweet potato (YeSP) and 5 % purple sweet potato (PuSP). The experimental feeds were formulated with 31.18-32.01 % crude protein, 6.73 - 7.04 % crude fat and total carotenoids in control, OrSP, YeSP and PuSP were 15.63, 42.61, 38.79 and 32.32 mg/kg, respectively. Two-month male fishes were obtained from a reliable commercial farm and acclimated to the rearing environment. After the 8 weeks rearing period, the results showed that the final average weight, final average length, average daily gain, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly different between treatment groups (p > 0.05). However, dietary supplementation with sweet potato affected the color expression and carotenoid accumulation by Betta splendens. The lightness(L*) of fish fed with the control feed showed the highest value (p ≤ 0.05). The redness (a*) of fish fed with 5 % OrSP and 5 % YeSP was higher than in the other treatments (p ≤ 0.05) and the yellowness (b*) of fish fed with 5 % OrSP showed higher values than in the other groups (p ≤ 0.05). The results of carotenoid accumulation in each organ increased in all treatment groups. After 8 weeks, the fish fed with 5% OrSP showed the highest carotenoid accumulation in skin and scale, dorsal fin, anal fin and caudal fin as compared to the other groups (p ≤ 0.05).
Effect of Sweet Cassava Flour and Rice Flour on Physical Properties and Sensory Evalu-ation of Gluten-Free Takoyaki Product
Authors: Maneechoold Pooriwut , Ratanasumawong Savitree , Siriwong Nongnuch
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of substitution of wheat flour with sweet cassava flour and rice flour on physical and sensory qualities in a gluten-free Takoyaki. The different ratios of cassava flour and rice flour were performed at five recipes, including 55:45 (HN55), 65:35 (HN65), 75:25 (HN75), 85:15 (HN85) and 100:0 (HN100) and then analyzed their quality attributes. These results indicated that increasing the ratio of cassava flour in Takoyaki products revealed the decrease in hardness (p ≤ 0.05) and the colour of products were a darker brown with lightness (L*) redness (a*) but yellowness (b*) was de-creased (p ≤ 0.05). Next, the sensory evaluation suggested that an increase of ra-tios of cassava flour was also significantly reduced in the likeness score in ap-pearance, colour, crispness, softness, oiliness, and overall liking (p ≤ 0.05) by us-ing a 9-point hedonic scale. This work clearly shows that HN55 is like Takoyaki from wheat flour (as control) since the sensory evaluation has been indicated at like moderately to very much. So, the sweet cassava flour is potentially used to prepare gluten-free products, but it may be necessary to improve due to some containing the specific odour.
Risk of Climate Variability on Tilapia Cage Culture in Songkhram River in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Suwanpakdee Supannee , Sriyasak Patcharawalai , Pimolrat Pornpimol
Published: February 2022

The cage culture of Nile Tilapia in the river is one of the most important methods for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming in Thailand. Songkhram river is a significant river in north-eastern Thailand where Nile Tilapia river-based cage culture has been applied widely. However, river-based cage culture is an open culturing system where farmers do not fully control weather and water quality. This study investigates the risks of climate variability on Nile Tilapia in riv-er-based cage culture. This study recommends strategies to reduce fish yield losses. The samples of this study are the Nile Tilapia river-based cage culture farmers along the Songkhram river in 5 districts in Sakon Nakhon and Nakhon Phanom, including Thauthen, Khamtakla, Akatamnuai, Sisongkhram and Nathom. This study applies a simple random sampling method. We used structured questionnaires to collect the data from 148 fish farmers between April and December 2017. Hot weather during March and April was perceived to be the most important factor causing fish diseases and led to losses (68.2 %). The other significant factors that led to fish death were drought (52.7 %) and flood (40.5 %). Flood typically takes place between June and August. Cold weather was perceived not to affect the fish losses (32.4 %). However, it did affect the growth rate. Cold weather typically takes place between December and February. Re-garding the hot weather, fish farmers applied preventive measures such as mon-itoring and surveillance, stopping or delaying stocking schedules. For drought, the fish farmers relocated the cages towards the deeper water areas and used aerators to control water quality. Most farmers tie their cages securely during flooding season and relocate them closer to the bank. The fish farmers moni-tored their cages more closely than usual for the cold weather and postponed the stocking date. The study of risks and loss mitigation from climate variabilities in this research will be helpful for strategic aquaculture planning to cope with cli-mate variabilities in the future.
Epistemologi Manusia Sebagai Khalifah Di Alam Semesta
Authors: Susanti Salamah Eka
Published: February 2022

In much literature that discusses the existence of humans in the universe is always associated with the concept of human caliphate on earth and the concept of worship. The position of humans in the universe that is mandated as Khalifatullah Fi al-Ardh has a moral responsibility in carrying out the function of the caliphate. The relationship between humans and the universe, including human relationships with other humans, is not a relationship between the ruler and the mastered, but a relationship that has the same goal that is worth worship, namely obedience to God. Because even if humans are able to master, but it is not because of the strength they have, but it is caused by God who subdues it to humans. That is, leadership and human power must still be placed within the framework of human existence that is temporary, so that the tendency of leadership or power can be avoided, which can consequently damage the order of life.
Ikrar Aqobah Analisis Teori Komunikasi Penetrasi Sosial Terhadap Perjanjian Nabi Muhammad Dengan Suku Aus Dan Khazraj Dalam Prespektif Teori Komunikasi Penetrasi Sosial
Authors: Saiful Islam
Published: February 2022

The history of the struggle of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in spreading Islamic da'wah was divided into two phases, namely the Makiah phase and the Madaniah phase, where in the Makiah phase the first method of preaching the Prophet used was the Da'wah siri (covertly) by inviting family and close friends to invite accept and embrace Islam as a religion, this kind of method continued for 3 years and was held in the house of brother Arqam, and continued propaganda openly in the Meccan community for 7 years, but the acceptance of the Meccan community for the propagation of Islam propagated by the Prophet Muhammad was not much followed or accepted, especially by the Meccan nobility, they insulted, ridiculed, boycotted even to the point of persecution and murder. From the historical story of the prophet Muhammad about the Aqobah pledge between the prophet Muhammad and the Aus tribes and the Khazraj tribe from a review of social penetration communication is "How the Aqabah Pledge held between the Prophet Muhammad SAW with the Aus and Khazraj tribes in terms of the Social Penetration Communication theory". In communication theory social penetration is a communication that leads to the intimacy of the relationship between the communicant and the communicator.
Sejarah dan Tipologi Tarekat dalam Pandangan Tasawuf dan Makrifat
Authors: Ridlo Miftakhur
Published: February 2022

Tarekat adalah salah satu fenomena sejarah yang menarik untuk di kaji. Karena dalam peristiwa-peristiwa penting dalam sejarah, andil tarekat rupanya tidak kecil.Seperti tarekat Sanusiyyah di Libya yang berjasa mengusir penjajah Italia di bawah pimpinan Umar Mukhtar.Tulisan ini akan mengkaji sejarah dan tipoligo tarekat beserta komponen-komponen tarekat.
Imamah dalam Pemikiran Politik Syi’ah
Authors: Aziz Abd
Published: February 2022

Dalam pandangan politik Syi’ah Imamah bukanlah masalah kepentingan pribadi yang diberikan kepada pilihan publik, akan tetapi adalah salah satu pilar agama atau asal-usul dan dasar perinsip agama. Syi'ah memiliki sejumlah doktrin penting, doktrin Imamah menempati kedudukan sentral dalam aspirasi politik Syi'ah. Hak politik adalah mutlak dimiliki oleh kalangan Ahlul Bait. Bagi kaum Syi’ah, konsep Imâmah adalah kelanjutan dari konsep nubuwwah. Kriteria Imamah: Ishmah dan Ilmu.Dalam perkembangan pemikiran tentang Imâmah ini, bisa disebut tiga kelompok besar Syi’ah Imamiyah, yaitu: Isna ‘Asyariyah, Zaidiyah dan Isma’iliyah.
Pemikiran Politik Imam Al-Mawardi tentang Penganggkatan Imam (Khalifah)
Authors: Moch Yunus
Published: February 2022

al-Mawardi layak dikatakan sebagai politikus yang ulung, dikarenakan hidup di zaman dua khalifah (al-Qadir Billah (381-422 H) dan al-Qa’imu Billah (422-467 H), tepatnya tahun 370-450 H. }}Selain itu kariernya sebagai politikus cukup bagus,khususnya pada masa al-Qadir yaitu menjadi hakim agung (qâdi al-qudât), penasehat raja atau khali>fah di bidang agama (hukum Islam) dan pemerintahan. Karena kepandaian diplomasinya pula ia ditunjuk sebagai mediator perundingan antara pemerintah Bani Abbas dengan Buwaihi yang sudah menguasai politik pada waktu itu. Al-Mawardi berhasil melakukan misinya dengan memuaskan kedua belah pihak. Kecerdasannya dalam dunia politik, beliau torehkan dalam bentuk buku, yang meliputi:al-Ah}ka>m al-Sult}a>niyah, Siya>sat al-Wiza>rati wa Siya>sat al-Maliki, Tas}il al-Nad}ari wa Ta’jil al-D}afari fi Akhla>qi al-Maliki, Siya>sat al-Maliki, Nas}ihat al-Muluk. Kitab-kitabnya menjadi rujukan bagi ulama pada masanya hingga sekarang. Hal yang terpenting dalam pemilihan pemimpin adalah adanya pemimpin dan yang dipimpin sesuai dengan criteria yang ideal. Setelah keduanya sudah ada, maka proses pemilihan pemimpin diserahkan ke ahl –h}all wa al-‘aqd  untuk dibaiat dengan mempertimbangkan pilihan imam sebelumnya. Dalam proses pemilihan itu pula, calon imam diberi kesempatan untuk menjelaskan kontrak sosial selama dia menjabat sebagai imam. Itu sebagai pertimbangan terpilih/tidaknya dia sebagai imam. Apabila dalam perjalanan si imam tidak amanah dalam menjalankan amanahnya, maka rakyat boleh melakukan pembangkangan atau lebih ekstrim pemakzulan.
Implikasi Konsep Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi
Authors: Rachman Poppy
Published: February 2022

This research is entitled Implications of the Concept of Islamization of Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi Science. Science is important in human life. God put knowledge as a matter that must not be abandoned. During this time the Islamic religion is believed to have a very important role in coloring the building of science. But in reality, the Muslim community seems to be forced to carry out secular teachings in life due to the swift currents of secularization. This condition is a concern of Islamic thinkers, because it can endanger the Islamic faith. It is in connection with this concern that ideas or ideas about the Islamization of science emerge as an attempt to neutralize the influence of modern western science. Al-Faruqi was one of the thinkers about Islamization. How is the concept of Islam? and what are the implications for life in Indonesia? The Islamization of knowledge is not only a discourse, but requires real implications to be useful for the wider community. Al-Faruqi has sought to realize the Islamization of knowledge by establishing Islamic study groups. The movement is carried out by sticking to the principles of monotheism so as not to deviate from religious teachings. Some developments have also taken place in Indonesia in response to the Islamization of science, including: the establishment of Islamic-based schools and the rise of cooperatives and Islamic banks.
Dedikasi Politik dan Gerakan Pesantren Melawan Kolonial (Perlawanan dan Strategi KH. Hasyim Asy’ari Terhadap Pembakaran Pesantren)
Authors: Syafiatul Umma  , Fitrotun Nisa’ Nur Fadlilah  , Slamet Muliono Redjosari
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Political dedicationpo KH. Hasyim Asyari is considered very influential in realizing Indonesia's independence. His national and religious spirit was seen as a boomerang for the colonialists. So that there was a rebellion from the colonialists to get rid of KH. Hasyim Asyari and his students, by burning several books to burn the boarding school in Tebuireng. This paper argues that KH. Hasyim Asyari, who was born from a pesantren base, succeeded in making the colonialists angry with his strict nature. The method used in this paper is from a historical and socialist perspective. The discussion started from the spirit of KH. Hasyim Asyari in fighting for Indonesian independence which is considered very influential on the unity and integrity of Muslims. The most important focus of this paper is when the colonial attacks carried out after the establishment of the power of the Islamic boarding schools to help Indonesian independence. The findings of this paper show that the various attacks from the colonial era will never dampen national spirit. KH. Hasyim Asyari in fighting him, because he had a tough and firm character to be able to defend Indonesia's independence. So that the resistance and strategy of him and the students he leads become very valuable and highly dedicated in realizing and maintaining the unity of this nation.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Jiwa Kewirausahaan Pada Pemuda Remaja di Wilayah Kotaraja dan Abepura
Authors: Rante Yohanis , Ratang Westim
Published: February 2022

Upaya untuk menumbuhkembangkan jiwa kewirausahaan ini dilakukan karena semakin maju suatu negara semakin banyak orang yang terdidik dan banyak pula orang menganggur, maka semakin dirasakan pentingnya dunia wirausaha. Pembangunan akan lebih berhasil jika ditunjang oleh wirausahawan yang dapat membuka lapangan kerja karena kemampuan pemerintah sangat terbatas. Karakter dan jiwa wirausaha dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, keterampilan, kemampuan, atau kompetensi. Orientasi pendidikan kewirausahaan memiliki jiwa dan pengetahuan ekonomi tertentu untuk diciptakan dan berinovasi. Untuk menciptakan suatu usaha diperlukan perencanaan yang tepat dan terperinci karena perencanaan usaha merupakan alat untuk memastikan bahwa sebuah usaha dijalankan dengan benar dan tepat, yang mencakup pemilihan kegiatan yang akan dijalankan, bagaimana menjalankan, dan hal-hal lain untuk membantu tercapainya tujuan usaha. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui norma subjektif tentang kewirausahaan, efeksi diri, lingkungan keluarga, pendidikan dan intensi berusaha pada pemuda remaja di Kotaraja dan Abepura. Metode Pengumpulan Data Metode pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan (a). Kuisioner (b) Wawancara.Data  primer yang bersumber dari data pemuda remaja di wilayah Kotraja Abepura, alat analisis mengunakan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian adalah (1) Karakteristik responden menunjukkan 91% responden yang pernah mendapat pendidikan kewirausahaan sedangkan 9% belum pernah mendapat pendidikan kewirausahaan. responden laki-laki adalah 53% dan  perempuan hanya 47% , umur responden pada umumnya antara 18-22 tahun dimana usia sekolah dan mahasiswa, dengan tingkat pendidikan SMA yaitu 46%. (2). Pengaruh variabel sikap terhadap intensi berwirausaha adalah tidak memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap intensi berwirausaha. (3). Pengaruh variabel norma subjektif terhadap intensi berwirausaha adalah memiliki pengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap intensi berwirausaha. (4). Pengaruh variabel efeksi diri terhadap intensi berwirausaha adalah memiliki pengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap intensi berwirausaha. (5). Pengaruh variabel lingkungan keluarga terhadap intensi berwirausaha adalah memiliki pengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap intensi berwirausaha. (6). Pengaruh variabel pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap intensi berwirausaha adalah sebesar 41,9% sehingga dikatakan variabel pendidikan kewirausahaan memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap intensi berwirausaha remaja di wilayah Kotaraja dan Abepura.
Analisis Financial Usaha Tani Sawi (Studi pada Petani Sawi di Kampung Jaifuri Sakanto Kabupaten Keerom)
Authors: Dawan Daniel
Published: February 2022

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah Untuk menganalisis tingkat pendapatan petani sawi di Kampung Jaifuri. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif yang mana dengan maksud untuk memperkuat data penelitian. Penulis menggunakan teknik total sampling, maka sampel dalam penelitian adalah 10 orang petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Hasil rata – rata dari 5 Informan pada biaya tetap Rp. 100.000, biaya variabel yaitu Rp. 506.000, dan volume penjualan usaha tani sawi di Kampung Jaifuri per satu kali panen Rp. 3.000.000. (2) Rata-rata tingkat pendapatan petani per satu kali panen yaitu Rp. 2.394.000. merupakan hasil rata-rata dari 5 (lima) responden penelitian selaku petani sawi di Kampung Jaifuri. (3) Rata-rata tingkat kelayakaan usaha tani sawi di Kampung Jaifuri adalah 4,62 berada pada kategori layak. Atau petani bisa mendapatkan keuntungan dari usaha tani yang  dijalankan.
Analisis ICOR Terhadap Efisiensi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Provinsi Papua
Authors: Purwadi Marsi Adi , Jamaluddin Fandini Diamona
Published: February 2022

Dalam perencanaan pembangunan ekonomi, target pertumbuhan ekonomi telah ditentukan sebelumnya, dimana salah satu faktor pendukung diantaranya ditentukan oleh investasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) Menganalisis perkembangan ICOR Provinsi Papua pada tahun 2009-2019; 2) Menganalisis pengaruh ICOR terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Provinsi Papua pada tahun 2009-2019; dan 3) Mempercepat proses pencapaian pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui penyusunan strategi kebijakan investasi sektoral dan kewilayahan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa : Rasio ICOR tahun 2010 hingga 2019 mempunyai trend nilai positif, namun demikian terdapat nilai terendah ICOR sebesar minimum -1,75 yang merupakan koefisien ICOR di tahun 2019. Peningkatan PDRB di Provinsi Papua mengalami peningkatan yang fluktuatif, hal ini juga berpengaruh terhadap ICOR yang bernilai positif tidak signifikan. Semakin tinggi PDRB Provinsi Papua, maka investasi yang diberikan oleh pihak investor akan mengalami peningkatan namun peningkatannya tidak terlalu signifikan dalam perekonomian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif kualitatif teridentifikasi beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan investasi di Provinsi Papua yaitu : hak ulayat, izin pelepasan kawasan yang masih menjadi kewenangan pemerintah pusat,  insentif fiskal, akses pengusaha UMKM terhadap modal, infrastruktur, tingkat kemahalan, sistem Tataran Transportasi Wilayah dan Tataran Transportasi Lokal, Ketersediaan tenaga kerja lokal yang terampil dan bependidikan, ketersediaan data potensi Papua yang akurat, birokrasi dalam pengurusan perizinan sektoral, pembinaan terhadap pengusaha-pengusaha lokal, dan pengembangan komoditi unggulan yang berbasis lahan masih mendominasi dalam perencanaan investasi, sehingga sering berbenturan dengan tata ruang wilayah.
Pengaruh Penerapan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Tercatat Di BEI
Authors: Erari Anita , Nurjanah Fitri
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis praktek penerapan tanggung jawab sosial pada perusahaan manufaktur sub sector food and beverage dan untuk menguji pengaruh penerapan tanggung jawab social perusahaan terhadap profitabilitas. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan tahun 2014-2018. Populasi sebanyak 18 perusahaan yang dipilih menggunakan metode purposived sampling. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier sederhana dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji T untuk menguji koefisien regresi parsial.  Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penerapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) tidak berpengaruh terhadap pada return on asset (ROA) dan return on equity (ROE) pada perusahaan, tetapi Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) berpengaruh terhadap Net Profit Margin (NPM) perusahaan dengan nilai signifikan 0,003 lebih kecil dari 0,05. Kemampuan prediksi dari tiga variabel tersebut terhadap CSR sebesar 18% sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh besarnya adjusted R square sebesar 18% sedangkan sisanya 82% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dimasukkan ke dalam model penelitian ini.
Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Food dan Baverages yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016-2019
Authors: Tokoro Mike Stevenson , Hasanah Miratul
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan mengetahui pengaruh Likuiditas, Solvabilitas, Dan Profitabilitas secara parsial dan simultan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan Food and Baverages yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2019.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 8 perusahaan. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu studi kepustakaan dan teknik dokumentasi. Yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda menggunakan bantuan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Likuiditas (Current Ratio) dan Profitabilitas (Return On Asset) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham, sedangkan Solvabilitas (Debt To Equity Ratio) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Secara simultan Current Ratio, Debt  To Equity Ratio dan Return On Aset berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Pengaruh Current Ratio, Debt  To Equity Ratio dan Return On Aset terhadap harga saham sebesar 63.8%.
Daders van georganiseerde misdaad: wie zijn het en hoe raken ze betrokken?
Authors: van Koppen Vere
Published: February 2022

Organized crime offenders: Characteristics and involvement mechanisms

The complexity of organized crime activities as compared to most common crimes makes that the offender types and involvement mechanisms differ from what has been described in traditional life-course studies. This article addresses two different involvement mechanisms for organized crime: family ties and work ties. Those who become involved through family or close friends are more likely to have an early start in crime, to intentionally search for opportunities for crime, and to situate themselves in a context where these opportunities are common. Those who become involved through work ties are more likely to have a late start in crime and to have no preconceived plan to involve in crime, but they are faced with an opportunity. Both types of offenders are interesting as crime groups benefit from a certain degree of heterogeneity, providing access to different contacts, knowledge, and skills.
Het witwassen van criminele winsten
Authors: Kruisbergen Edwin
Published: February 2022

Laundering the proceeds of crime. Facts, myths and unsuitable research questions

This article starts with a brief exploration of the juridical and criminological meaning of money laundering. Subsequently, the author discusses two contributions that gained momentum in the Dutch debate on money laundering. This concerns, firstly, the statements of Roberto Saviano, an Italian journalist who claims that the Dutch tax regulations facilitate organized crime. Secondly, the author discusses Unger’s application of the so-called Walker model to estimate the size of money laundering in the Netherlands (and worldwide). Finally, he argues that, due to the limited, current level of empirical knowledge on criminal money flows, a question such as ‘How much money is laundered in the Netherlands?’, is in fact not suited as a research question.
Drugscriminaliteit beheersbaar houden
Authors: Abraham Manja , Spapens Toine
Published: February 2022

Keeping drug crime under control. The efforts of 25 years

In international organized drug crime, the Netherlands is an important transit country (especially for cocaine and, to a lesser extent, heroin and other drugs) and an important production country (of cannabis and synthetic drugs). Drug production and trafficking have serious consequences for society. For example, in addition to possible health damage due to drug use, criminal money flows become intertwined with the regular economy. There is also an increase in new perpetrators, facilitators and bystanders who become involved in illegal activities, murders, and other violence due to conflict between criminal groups and dumping waste from drug production. Organized drug crime increasingly has a far-reaching and subversive impact on the Netherlands and its rule of law. The murders of journalist Peter R. de Vries and lawyer Derk Wiersum are painful recent examples. Despite these severe consequences, the approach to organized drug crime has long been what we can retrospectively call ‘modest’, ‘naïve’, ‘incidental’, and ‘fragmented’.
Hybride normstelling in het strafrecht
Authors: Buisman S.S.
Published: February 2022

Hybride normstelling in het strafrecht

Het strafrecht is ultimum remedium of het laatste redmiddel. Vanuit die gedachte bestaat er een zekere mate van hiërarchie tussen de verschillende rechtsgebieden. Met de ontwikkeling van de klassieke rechtspleging naar hybride rechtspleging wordt het strafrecht steeds vaker ingezet als optimum remedium en dus als het beste rechtsmiddel. De onderlinge hiërarchie tussen de rechtsgebieden vervaagt daardoor steeds meer. De angst bestaat dat met de inzet van het strafrecht als optimum remedium ook de reikwijdte van het materiële strafrecht steeds verder uitbreidt. De vraag is echter of die angst ook terecht is.
Ontwikkelingen op het gebied van mediation in fiscale strafzaken
Authors: Vos R. , Molenaars D.C.
Published: February 2022

Ontwikkelingen op het gebied van mediation in fiscale strafzaken

In dit artikel gaan de auteurs in op de relevante ontwikkelingen die hebben plaatsgevonden op het gebied van mediation en in het bijzonder hoe het nu staat op het gebied van mediation in fiscale strafzaken.

Daarin is specifieke aandacht voor het wetsvoorstel voor de Innovatiewet Strafvordering dat is ingediend en waarin een afdeling is opgenomen op welke wijze mediation kan plaatsvinden na aanvang van het onderzoek op de terechtzitting.

Ook gaan de auteurs in op de positieve grondhouding bij het Openbaar Ministerie ten opzichte van mediation in fiscale strafzaken als concreet aanknopingspunt om mediation ook in fiscale strafzaken toe te passen.
Voorzienbaarheid van bestraffing binnen het fiscale rechtshandhavingssysteem
Authors: Hofman C.
Published: February 2022

Voorzienbaarheid van bestraffing binnen het fiscale rechtshandhavingssysteem

Binnen het veelzijdige en complexe systeem van fiscale rechtshandhaving, dient op grond van het in Nederland geldende principe van una via op een zeker moment gekozen te worden voor bestuursrechtelijke of strafrechtelijke rechtshandhaving. Die keuze, ook wel ‘forumkeuze’, staat in deze bijdrage centraal. De vraag die beantwoord zal worden, is of de manier waarop de fiscale forumkeuze thans wordt gemaakt voorzienbaarheid van bestraffing garandeert.
Op weg naar een nieuw regime voor uitbesteding van KYC-verplichtingen op grond van de Wwft
Authors: Strijder J.J. , Lopik S.J.
Published: February 2022

Op weg naar een nieuw regime voor uitbesteding van KYC-verplichtingen op grond van de Wwft

De laatste jaren is een grote interesse ontstaan voor verplichtingen die voortkomen uit de Wet ter voorkoming van witwassen en financieren van terrorisme (Wwft). Dit komt onder andere door de toenemende eisen die de wetgever op grond van de Wwft stelt aan de poortwachtersfunctie van allerlei organisaties, zoals banken en accountants. Daarnaast is de Wwft een speerpunt van diverse autoriteiten geworden, en is het Openbaar Ministerie (OM) tot aanzienlijke schikkingen voor Wwft-overtredingen gekomen. Veel instellingen hebben in de afgelopen jaren dan ook fors geïnvesteerd om aan de toenemende eisen op het gebied van know your customer (KYC) te voldoen. Dit roept de vraag op of KYC-werkzaamheden kunnen worden uitbesteed aan gespecialiseerde dienstverleners die dit werk mogelijk beter en kostenefficiënter kunnen uitvoeren. Mocht een instelling besluiten om tot uitbesteding over te gaan, dan moet dit zorgvuldig gebeuren. De Wwft kent hiertoe regels en verschillende autoriteiten bieden enkele handvatten. In de praktijk laat de handzaamheid hiervan echter niet zelden te wensen over. In deze bijdrage gaan wij in op het uitbestedingsregime onder de Wwft en kijken wij naar de veranderingen die op dit gebied op komst lijken te zijn.
Aerobic endurance levels as model control tools for individual prototypical training progres among algerian soccer players
Authors: Zerf Mohammed , Mokhtar Mime , Kherfane Mohammed Hadjar , Adel Belkadi , Beboucha Wahib
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Exercise protocols applied to effectively reduce body fat among overweight individuals are required to improve aerobic fitness obligatory for any sports practice.Aim. In this study, the impact of maximal oxygen consumption VO2max levels was assessed regarding formative recommendations as an individual control tool used in the training progress of Algerian soccer playersMaterials and Methods. The study comprised 148 well-trained, first division soccer players below the age of 18. The players were evaluated using the Yo-Yo test as a valid field test to evaluate both physiological functions (aerobic and anaerobic), allied to simulate soccer-specific player performance levels. Anthropometric characteristics, such as Body mass index BMI, Body Fat Percentage BFP and weight loss were also assessed, based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology. This was reflected in similarities as valuable anthropometric measurements to control changes in the players’ body, relative to maximal oxygenconsumption during dynamic exercise with large muscle groups. Performance in this case was assessed from the formula of the Yo-Yo test to validate the hypothesis that VO2max 60 ml/kg/min is the minimum fitness challenge for male soccer players to play at a European elite level. Via soccer match analysis, it was noted that an average oxygen uptake of approximately70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a match for elite soccer players is required. The study groups were divided into 2 samples to carry out the research protocol (below and above the VO2max 60 ml/kg/min threshold).Results and Conclusions. Based on statistics applied and the strategy used, our results revealed the VO2max of up to 60 ml/kg/min was an optimal preventive weight loss programme for the players, resulting not only from the advantageous Algerian players’ physiological training status levels, but also through their athletic body and performance.
A short reflection of anthropomotorics on the introduction of a new psychological determinant of motor behaviour: the metacognitive self – to Antropomotoryka. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences
Authors: Mleczko Edward
Published: February 2022

Material and methods. Unobtrusive research, content analysis, narrative review.Aim: The purpose of the research is: presentation of an opinion on a matter undertaken for the first time in Anthromotorics. Journal of Kinesiologu and Exercise Sciences of metacognitive problems and the recommendation of a new Australian questionnaire for the study of metacognitive problems in sportMaterial and methods. Unobtrusive research, content analysis, narrative review.Results. The metacognitive theory in this area of sport is still in its infancy. In scientific research around the world, it has been used to a small extent for interpretation only with regard to selected problems in competitive sports. The effectiveness of research is influenced by the lack of appropriate tools to solve metacognitive problems in sport. The work published in Antropomotoryka, which is based on the Polish concept of the Metacognitive self, can be considered a more significant contribution to the issues of sports training.Conclusions. Attention should be paid to the development of issues concerning active people’s behaviour with the use of metacognitive concepts for the new Australian tool: “Development and validation of the metacognitive beliefs about performances questionnaire”.
Effect of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery Curriculum on Skills of Operating Room Technology Students: An Interventional Study
Authors: Hannani Sedigheh , Sadati Leila , Azadi Namamali , Bozorgavar Aliakbar , Kavi Esmaeil , Mohebbi Hozesorkhi Reza
Published: February 2022

Background: In a laparoscopic surgery team, a surgical technologist as a skillful assistant surgeon is responsible for camera navigation and peg transfer. Objectives: We assessed the effect of the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery curriculum on improving the skills of surgical technology students in camera navigation, pattern cutting, and peg transfer. Methods: A study was conducted on 30 surgical technology students at the Iran University of Medical Sciences based on Kern's six-step model. After assessing the needs and defining the educational goals, the course content was determined. Afterward, students were trained in a simulation-based learning environment. Then, in the evaluation stage, using the standard task completion time (TCT) tool, their competence in performing the three skills was evaluated. The results of the first comprehensive attempt to perform each skill were recorded as the pretest, and the results of the sixth and 10th repetitions were recorded as the posttest. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with duplicate data. Results: The TCT score improved in this study. The time of camera navigation decreased from 92.14 to 56.42 s, pattern cutting from 186.07 to 118.21 s, and peg transfer from 93.03 to 54.10 s. Conclusions: This study showed that the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery curriculum improved the surgical technologists’ competence in performing triple skills essential for performing laparoscopic surgeries. Thus, this learning method could play an essential role in laparoscopic surgery.
Comparison of Machine Learning Tools for the Prediction of ICU Admission in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Shanbehzadeh Mostafa , Haghiri Hamideh , Afrash Mohammad Reza , Amraei Morteza , Erfannia Leila , Kazemi-Arpanahi Hadi
Published: February 2022

Background: The rapid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has overwhelmed many healthcare systems worldwide and put them at the edge of collapsing. As the capacity of intensive care units (ICUs) is limited, deciding on the proper allocation of required resources is crucial. Objectives: This study aimed to create a machine learning (ML)-based predictive model of ICU admission among COVID-19 in-hospital patients at the initial presentation. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1225 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients during January 9, 2020 - January 20, 2021. The top clinical parameters contributing to COVID-19 ICU admission were identified based on a correlation coefficient at P-value < 0.05. Next, the predictive models were constructed using five ML algorithms. Finally, to evaluate the performances of models, the metrics derived from the confusion matrix, classification error, and receiver operating characteristic were calculated. Results: Following feature selection, a total of 11 parameters were selected as the top predictors to build the prediction models. The results showed that the best performance belonged to the random forest (RF) algorithm with the mean accuracy of 99.5%, mean specificity of 99.7%, mean sensitivity of 99.4%, Kappa metric of 95.7%, and root mean squared error of 0.015. Conclusions: The ML algorithms, particularly RF, enable a reasonable level of accuracy and certainty in predicting disease progression and ICU admission for COVID-19 patients. The proposed models have the potential to inform frontline clinicians and health authorities with quantitative tools to assess illness severity and optimize resource allocation under time-sensitive and resource-constrained situations.
Evidence in the procedure of the International Court of Justice: conceptual aspects
Authors: Shinkaretskaya Galina Georgievna
Published: February 2022

This article notes that the grounded decision of any international court depends on the selection and evaluation of evidence and proof of witness, since the International Court of Justice delivers its judgment binding on sovereign states involved in the dispute. Unlike the national courts that strictly regulate the procedure for selection and evaluation of evidence by normative legal documents, the international courts have more freedom in this respect. From such perspective, considerable interest draws the International Court of Justice, which serves as a model for the establishment and operation of all other international judicial institutions. The author observes that the question of evidence gains particular importance due to the need for taking into account a vast array of natural scientific, economic and social data in the international disputes. In the selection of facts or other evidence pertaining to the case, emphasis is placed on correlation between the authority of the International Court of Justice and the countries involved in the dispute. The court, using its discretion, delivers a judgment for its own benefit. It is worth noting that although in recent years the Court focuses rather on the data analysis for convincing parties, the countries are inclined to accept it. With regards to the question of admissibility of the data, this is virtually an exclusive competence of the International Court of Justice.
Biosystems engineering students’ experiences and perceptions of selfreflection and e-portfolios
Authors:   Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6 Canada, Friesen Marcia , Soriano Laura ,   Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6 Canada, Mann Danny ,   Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6 Canada
Published: February 2022

Biosystems engineering students at the University of Manitoba participated in a voluntary workshop series as an extracurricular professional development opportunity. The five-workshop series was designed to engage students in reflection and self-reflection as a foundation for the development of e-portfolios to document their learning over time. Following the workshop series, focus group interviews were held with voluntary participants to explore their perceptions and experiences with self-reflection relative to e-portfolios. Themes that emerged from the focus group data related to i) the value of self-reflection as an activity, ii) the value of e-portfolios for career success, iii) observations of the biosystems engineering curriculum and iv) concerns about the status of the biosystems engineering discipline in the engineering community. The motivations to consider an e-portfolio were immediately focused on job-finding, and within that, on clarifying biosystems engineering both to themselves, to other students outside of biosystems engineering, and employers.
A Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Diffraction X-Ray Spectroscopy Study to Evaluate the Effect of Firing Temperature at the Ceramic-Noble Metal Alloy Interface in Porcelain Fused to Metal Restorations
Authors: Tripathi Arvind , Singh Saumyendra Vikram , Gupta Ashutosh , Arya Deeksha , Pathak Anupama
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) restorations offer aesthetics of ceramics and the strength of metal hence are the gold standards of fixed partial dentures. However, the fracture of porcelain-metal interface still remains a matter of concern. Aim: To study the porcelain-noble metal alloy interface of PFM restorations at different firing temperatures, using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Diffraction X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted between November 2018 to October 2019 at Prosthodontics Department of Saraswati Dental College and Hospital and King George’s Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 75 strips of noble metal alloy were prepared and layered with 1 mm of porcelain on one surface, conforming to American National Standard/American Dental Association Specifications (ANSI/ADA) specification no. 38 for Metal-Ceramic Dental Restorative Systems: 2015. These were randomly divided equally into three groups. Specimens of each group (n=25) were fired at different temperatures that is 850oC, 900oC and 960oC, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and Energy diffraction X-ray spectroscopy were performed at the noble metal alloy and ceramic interface of all specimens. Data was recorded and statistically analysed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey HSD test. Results: Irregularities/Coarseness (50 μm) was seen on the noble metal alloy surface adjacent to ceramic layer in SEM images at all the three chosen temperatures. The EDS study revealed intermingled zones of partial oxygen depletion at the interface region with formation of intermetallic compound, lead zirconate titanate and complete oxygen depletion zone near metal alloy end of interface. The mean value of Shear Bond Strength (SBS) was 16.31 MPa at 850oC, 24.33 MPa at 900oC and 19.41 MPa at 960oC (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Difference in properties and location of the intermetallic compound formed at the interface, as well as the location of the oxygen depletion zone could account for the weaker bond formed between noble alloy-porcelain interface compared to base metal-porcelain interface.
Association of Vitamin B12 with Atherogenic Index of Plasma- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhakta Vidya , Khader Said , Quadri Rubeena
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Vitamin B12 has a pivotal role in several metabolic processes and it’s inadequacy can pose serious health implications. Aim: To assess if vitamin B12 inadequacy is associated with increased risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) based on the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from December 2019 to January 2021. Data of apparently 569 healthy individuals within the age range of 18-60 years, who were screened for vitamin B12 deficiency was collected. The variables were analysed by ANOVA under categories of vitamin B12 level; Deficient (<148 pmol/L), Marginal (148-221 pmol/L) and Sufficient (>221 pmol/L). Correlation and regression analysis were done to find the correlation of vitamin B12 with lipid profile and AIP. The level of significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: The prevalence of B12 deficiency was found to be 7.2%. B12 was negatively correlated with Triglycerides (TG) (r=-0.161, p-value <0.05). Total Cholesterol (TC) (r=-0.169, p-value <0.05) and AIP (r=-0.15, p-value <0.05). According to regression analysis for every unit increase in B12, the TG and AIP decreased by 0.001 unit and TC reduced by 0.002 unit even after model adjustment for age, gender and BMI. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 is inversely related to AIP. The lower level of vitamin B12 is related to increased cardiovascular risk and poor lipid profile.
Analysis of Histopathological Parameters of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Bryne’s Grading in Different Age Groups
Authors: Chaware Smita , Mahajan Aarti , Sangle Varsha , Gajdhar Sajda , Sarode Surabhi , Kendre Shilpa
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) commonly seen in 6th to 8th decades of life, when occurring in younger age group under 45 years its prediction and aggression is questioned due to subjective data in literature. Various histopathological grading systems of OSCC have been discussed in the literature, but the reability of such grading systems is controversial. However, Bryne’s invasive tumour front grading system has a high prognostic value since it provides diagnostic and predictive information of OSCC. Aim: To compare the histopathological parameters of OSCC by Bryne’s grading in different age groups. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective archive study conducted in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MIDSR Dental College, Latur, Maharashtra, India, from June 2010 to December 2020. Total 90 histopathologically diagnosed cases with OSCC were included in the study. These patients were divided into three groups: Group I included 30 patients below 40 years of age; Group II included 30 patients who were between 41 to 60 years of age; and Group III included 30 patients who were above 60 years of age. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of OSCC were used to prepare Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained section and graded based on Bryne’s invasive tumour front grading system. Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the significant difference among different age groups. Results: Out of 90 cases of OSCC included in the study among different age groups, 70 (77.77%) were males and 20 (22.22%) were females. This study found 93.33% (28 patients) in group III followed by 76.66% (23 patients) in group I and 63.33% (19 patients) in group II had score 2 nuclear polymorphism. When the three groups were compared using chi-square test, a p-value of 0.024 was obtained which was found to be a statistically significant in the nuclear polymorphism among different age groups by Bryne’s grading. The comparison between other histological parameters of Bryne’s grading degree of keratinisation (p-value=0.169), pattern of invasion (p-value=0.422), number of mitosis (p-value=0.107), and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration (p-value=0.252) revealed no significant differences. Conclusion: Outcomes of the study result showed differences in nuclear polymorphism were more obvious among old patients (group III) when compared to young patients (group I)