bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Biocompatible Polycaprolactone–Hydroxyapatite Composite Filaments for the FDM 3D Printing of Bone Scaffolds
Authors: Kim Chang Geun , Han Kyung Seok , Lee Sol , Kim Min Cheol , Kim Soo Young , Nah Junghyo
Published: July 2021

Recently, three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology has been widely adopted in biology and biomedical applications, thanks to its capacity to readily construct complex 3D features. Using hot-melt extrusion 3DP, scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were fabricated using a composite of biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA). However, there are hardly any published reports on the application of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method using feed filaments, which is the most common 3D printing method. In this study, we report on the fabrication and characterization of biocompatible filaments made of polycaprolactone (PCL)/hydroxyapatite (HA), a raw material mainly used for bone scaffolds, using FDM 3D printing. A series of filaments with varying HA content, from 5 to 25 wt.%, were fabricated. The mechanical and electrical properties of the various structures, printed using a commercially available 3D printer, were examined. Specifically, mechanical tensile tests were performed on the 3D-printed filaments and specimens. In addition, the electrical dielectric properties of the 3D-printed structures were investigated. Our method facilitates the fabrication of biocompatible structures using FDM-type 3DP, creating not only bone scaffolds but also testbeds for mimicking bone structure that may be useful in various fields of study.
High-Performance Lead-Acid Batteries Enabled by Pb and PbO2 Nanostructured Electrodes: Effect of Operating Temperature
Authors: Oliveri Roberto Luigi , Insinga Maria Grazia , Pisana Simone , Patella Bernardo , Aiello Giuseppe , Inguanta Rosalinda
Published: July 2021

Lead-acid batteries are now widely used for energy storage, as result of an established and reliable technology. In the last decade, several studies have been carried out to improve the performance of this type of batteries, with the main objective to replace the conventional plates with innovative electrodes with improved stability, increased capacity and a larger active surface. Such studies ultimately aim to improve the kinetics of electrochemical conversion reactions at the electrode-solution interface and to guarantee a good electrical continuity during the repeated charge/discharge cycles. To achieve these objectives, our contribution focuses on the employment of nanostructured electrodes. In particular, we have obtained nanostructured electrodes in Pb and PbO2 through electrosynthesis in a template consisting of a nanoporous polycarbonate membrane. These electrodes are characterized by a wider active surface area, which allows for a better use of the active material, and for a consequent increased specific energy compared to traditional batteries. In this research, the performance of lead-acid batteries with nanostructured electrodes was studied at 10 C at temperatures of 25, −20 and 40 °C in order to evaluate the efficiency and the effect of temperature on electrode morphology. The batteries were assembled using both nanostructured electrodes and an AGM-type separator used in commercial batteries.
A Few MeV Laser-Plasma Accelerated Proton Beam in Air Collimated Using Compact Permanent Quadrupole Magnets
Authors: Brandi Fernando , Labate Luca , Palla Daniele , Kumar Sanjeev , Fulgentini Lorenzo , Koester Petra , Baffigi Federica , Chiari Massimo , Panetta Daniele , Gizzi Leonida Antonio
Published: July 2021

Proton laser-plasma-based acceleration has nowadays achieved a substantial maturity allowing to seek for possible practical applications, as for example Particle Induced X-ray Emission with few MeV protons. Here we report about the design, implementation, and characterization of a few MeV laser-plasma-accelerated proton beamline in air using a compact and cost-effective beam transport line based on permanent quadrupole magnets. The magnetic beamline coupled with a laser-plasma source based on a 14-TW laser results in a well-collimated proton beam of about 10 mm in diameter propagating in air over a few cm distance.
Design and Analysis of the 45kW-Class Magnetic Geared Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Traction of Tram Vehicles
Authors: Lim Jae-Hyeon , Jeong Geochul , Lee Hyung-Woo , Lee Jae-Bum , Lim Jong-Seok , Park Chan-Bae
Published: July 2021

The magnetic geared permanent magnet synchronous motor (MG-PMSM) is a PMSM that has two rotors with different rotation speeds and includes the function of magnetic gear. The design studies of the 45kW-class MG-PMSM are conducted for the application of the driving system for a tram. In this research, first, to derive the detailed model of the 45kW-class MG-PMSM for the tram, the analysis of the characteristics according to the stator winding method was performed. After selecting the winding method that can reduce the size of the MG-PMSM, two design topologies were applied to determine the number of stator poles, the number of outer rotor pole pieces, and the number of inner rotor poles of the MG-PMSM. A 45kW-class MG-PMSM detailed model was derived by applying a design topology that can minimize the size of the MG-PMSM, and it was confirmed that the required performance is satisfied through electromagnetic characteristics analysis. In addition, the 4.5kW-class small-scaled MG-PMSM prototype with concentrated winding was manufactured to verify the validity of the analytical model, and performance verification was performed.
Assessment of Associations between Malaria Parasites and Avian Hosts—A Combination of Classic System and Modern Molecular Approach
Authors: Huang Xi
Published: July 2021

Avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible for fitness loss and mortality in susceptible bird species. This group of globally distributed parasites has long been used as a classical system for investigating host–parasite associations. The association between a parasite and its hosts can be assessed by the prevalence in the host population and infection intensity in a host individual, which, respectively, reflect the ability of the parasite to infect the host and reproduce within the host. However, the latter has long been poorly investigated due to numerous challenges, such as lack of general molecular markers and limited sensitivity of traditional methods, especially when analysing naturally infected birds. The recent development of genetic databases, together with novel molecular methodologies, has shed light on this long-standing problem. Real-time quantitative PCR has enabled more accurate quantification of avian haemosporidian parasites, and digital droplet PCR further improved experimental sensitivity and repeatability of quantification. In recent decades, parallel studies have been carried out all over the world, providing great opportunities for exploring the adaptation of haemosporidian parasites to different hosts and the variations across time and space, and further investigating the coevolutionary history between parasites and their hosts. I hereby review the most important milestones in diagnosis techniques of avian haemosporidian parasites and illustrate how they provide new insights for understanding host–parasite associations.
Memantine and Riluzole Exacerbate, Rather Than Ameliorate Behavioral Deficits Induced by 8-OH-DPAT Sensitization in a Spatial Task
Authors: Janikova Martina , Mainerova Karolina , Vojtechova Iveta , Petrasek Tomas , Svoboda Jan , Stuchlik Ales
Published: July 2021

Chronic sensitization to serotonin 1A and 7 receptors agonist 8-OH-DPAT induces compulsive checking and perseverative behavior. As such, it has been used to model obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-like behavior in mice and rats. In this study, we tested spatial learning in the 8-OH-DPAT model of OCD and the effect of co-administration of memantine and riluzole—glutamate-modulating agents that have been shown to be effective in several clinical trials. Rats were tested in the active place avoidance task in the Carousel maze, where they learned to avoid the visually imperceptible shock sector. All rats were subcutaneously injected with 8-OH-DPAT (0.25 mg/kg) or saline (control group) during habituation. During acquisition, they were pretreated with riluzole (1 mg/kg), memantine (1 mg/kg), or saline solution 30 min before each session and injected with 8-OH-DPAT (“OH” groups) or saline (“saline” groups) right before the experiment. We found that repeated application of 8-OH-DPAT during both habituation and acquisition significantly increased locomotion, but it impaired the ability to avoid the shock sector. However, the application of 8-OH-DPAT in habituation had no impact on the learning process if discontinued in acquisition. Similarly, memantine and riluzole did not affect the measured parameters in the “saline” groups, but in the “OH” groups, they significantly increased locomotion. In addition, riluzole increased the number of entrances and decreased the maximum time avoided of the shock sector. We conclude that monotherapy with glutamate-modulating agents does not reduce but exacerbates cognitive symptoms in the animal model of OCD.
Targets and Tools: Nucleic Acids for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Calderon Irene , Guerrini Luca , Alvarez-Puebla Ramon A.
Published: July 2021

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) merges nanotechnology with conventional Raman spectroscopy to produce an ultrasensitive and highly specific analytical tool that has been exploited as the optical signal read-out in a variety of advanced applications. In this feature article, we delineate the main features of the intertwined relationship between SERS and nucleic acids (NAs). In particular, we report representative examples of the implementation of SERS in biosensing platforms for NA detection, the integration of DNA as the biorecognition element onto plasmonic materials for SERS analysis of different classes of analytes (from metal ions to microorgniasms) and, finally, the use of structural DNA nanotechnology for the precise engineering of SERS-active nanomaterials.
How to Intervene in the Health Management of the Oncological Patient and of Their Caregiver? A Narrative Review in the Psycho-Oncology Field
Authors: Turchi Gian Piero , Dalla Riva Marta Silvia , Orrù Luisa , Pinto Eleonora
Published: July 2021

Starting from statistical data derived from the oncological field, some articles have highlighted the importance of communication in the patient–caregiver dyad and have considered the various roles involved in a cancer diagnosis situation. Thus, the question of how to intervene in terms of “quality of life” from the time of diagnosis to the recovery or death of a cancer patient, beyond the sanitary and physical dimensions, has become relevant. Therefore, the present narrative review aims to offer an overview of the state of the art in terms of the psychological treatment modalities of cancer patients, from the diagnosis to the post-surgery period. A total of 67 articles were collected and analyzed, in relation to (1) psychological constructs employed in the oncological field, (2) intervention models and (3) quality of life and well-being measurement and evaluation tools. We described these articles, differentiating between those focusing on the role of (1) the patient, (2) the caregiver, (3) the patient–caregiver dyad and (4) healthcare professional roles. The oncological diagnosis and its repercussions in the lives of the patient and caregiver were explored and critical aspects that emerged from the literature were highlighted. In conclusion, the analysis allowed some considerations about the need to define research protocols and useful management strategies for increasing the overall health of patients with cancer diagnoses and the people who surround them.
High Intakes of Bioavailable Phosphate May Promote Systemic Oxidative Stress and Vascular Calcification by Boosting Mitochondrial Membrane Potential—Is Good Magnesium Status an Antidote?
Authors: McCarty Mark F. , Lerner Aaron , DiNicolantonio James J. , Iloki-Assanga Simon B.
Published: July 2021

Chronic kidney disease is characterized by markedly increased risk for cardiovascular mortality, vascular calcification, and ventricular hypertrophy, and is associated with increased systemic oxidative stress. Hyperphosphatemia, reflecting diminished glomerular phosphate (Pi) clearance, coupled with a compensatory increase in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion are thought to be key mediators of this risk. Elevated serum and dietary Pi and elevated plasma FGF23 are associated with increased cardiovascular and total mortality in people with normal baseline renal function. FGF23 may mediate some of this risk by promoting cardiac hypertrophy via activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 on cardiomyocytes. Elevated serum Pi can also cause a profound increase in systemic oxidative stress, and this may reflect the ability of Pi to act directly on mitochondria to boost membrane potential and thereby increase respiratory chain superoxide production. Moreover, elevated FGF23 likewise induces oxidative stress in vascular endothelium via activation of NADPH oxidase complexes. In vitro exposure of vascular smooth muscle cells to elevated Pi provokes an osteoblastic phenotypic transition that is mediated by increased mitochondrial oxidant production; this is offset dose-dependently by increased exposure to magnesium (Mg). In vivo, dietary Mg is protective in rodent models of vascular calcification. It is proposed that increased intracellular Mg opposes Pi’s ability to increase mitochondrial membrane potential; this model could explain its utility for prevention of vascular calcification and predicts that Mg may have a more global protective impact with regard to the direct pathogenic effects of hyperphosphatemia.
Electrical Discharge Machinable Ytterbia Samaria Co-Stabilized Zirconia Tungsten Carbide Composites
Authors: Rapp Maximilian , Gommeringer Andrea , Kern Frank
Published: July 2021

Composite ceramics of stabilizer oxide coated ytterbia-samaria costabilized zirconia (1.5Yb1.5Sm-TZP) and 24–32 vol% of tungsten carbide as an electrically conductive dispersion were manufactured by hot pressing at 1300–1400 °C for 2 h at 60 MPa pressure. The materials were characterized with respect to microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties and electrical discharge machinability by die sinking. Materials with a nanocomposite microstructure and a strength of up to 1700 MPa were obtained. An attractive toughness of 6–6.5 MPa√m is achieved as 40–50% of the zirconia transformed upon fracture. The materials show fair material removal rates of 1 mm³/min in die sinking. Smooth surfaces indicate a material removal mechanism dominated by melting.
Application of Biodegradable PLGA-PEG-PLGA/CPC Composite Bone Cement in the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Authors: Guo Chao , Niu Dongyang , Liu Jia , Bao Xiaogang , Xu Guohua
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological activity, safety, and effectiveness of poly(lactic acid)–poly(glycolic acid)–poly(ethylene glycol)–calcium phosphate cement (PLGA-PEG-PLGA/CPC). Methods: The PLGA-PEG-PLGA/CPC composite bone cement was used for interaction with MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblasts in vitro and its compatibility was tested using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Alizarin Red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity were used to detect the osteogenic properties. Twenty healthy female New Zealand rabbits were selected to establish osteoporosis models, which were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was treated with 30 wt.% PLGA-PEG-PLGA/CPC, while the control group was treated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. Imaging and histomorphology of the vertebral body were analyzed after 12 weeks. The distribution and degradation of bone cement were assessed using micro-computed tomography examination and hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining. Results: In vitro, CCK-8 revealed significant proliferation of osteoblasts in the PLGA-PEG-PLGA/CPC composite bone cement. Alizarin Red staining showed that the degree of staining increased with time. Quantitative results showed that absorbance was significantly higher in this group than in the CPC group on days 7 and 14. The alkaline phosphatase activity levels on days 7 and 14 were significantly higher in the 30 wt.% PLGA-PEG-PLGA/CPC group than in the CPC group. In vivo, postoperative micro-computed tomography and histomorphology showed that the material was evenly distributed in the vertebral body and a small amount penetrated into the trabecular bone. After 12 weeks, CPC degradation and absorption and the formation of new bone matrix were observed and the formation of a callus was obvious. Conclusion: PLGA-PEG-PLGA/CPC composite bone cement has a positive effect on the treatment of osteoporosis.
A Closer Look at the Emotional Intelligence Construct: How Do Emotional Intelligence Facets Relate to Life Satisfaction in Students Involved in Bullying and Cyberbullying?
Authors: Quintana-Orts Cirenia , Mérida-López Sergio , Rey Lourdes , Extremera Natalio
Published: July 2021

Adolescents’ perception of their own emotional abilities has been related to psychological adjustment and well-being. However, there are still few studies focusing on specific emotional dimensions in relation to bullying and well-being in adolescence. This study analysed the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) facets, satisfaction with life, bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents. The sample consisted of 3520 high school students (51.5% females) aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 14.37; SD = 1.67). The correlation analyses showed that the majority of EI facets were positively related to satisfaction with life and negatively with both types of violence. As was expected, bullying and cyberbullying victims and bully–victims scored lower in satisfaction with life and the majority of EI facets. Controlling for sex, age, and grade, self-emotion appraisal, use of emotions and regulation of emotion were the best predictors of life satisfaction in bully–victims of bullying and cyberbullying. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these findings for clinical and educational practice on EI seeking to promote subjective well-being among adolescents involved in bullying and cyberbullying.
Changes of Soybean Protein during Tofu Processing
Authors: Guan Xiangfei , Zhong Xuequn , Lu Yuhao , Du Xin , Jia Rui , Li Hansheng , Zhang Minlian
Published: July 2021

Tofu has a long history of use and is rich in high-quality plant protein; however, its production process is relatively complicated. The tofu production process includes soybean pretreatment, soaking, grinding, boiling, pulping, pressing, and packing. Every step in this process has an impact on the soy protein and, ultimately, affects the quality of the tofu. Furthermore, soy protein gel is the basis for the formation of soy curd. This review summarizes the series of changes in the composition and structure of soy protein that occur during the processing of tofu (specifically, during the pressing, preservation, and packaging steps) and the effects of soybean varieties, storage conditions, soybean milk pretreatment, and coagulant types on the structure of soybean protein and the quality of tofu. Finally, we highlight the advantages and limitations of current research and provide directions for future research in tofu production. This review is aimed at providing a reference for research into and improvement of the production of tofu.
Hyaluronic Acid Functionalization with Jeffamine® M2005: A Comparison of the Thermo-Responsiveness Properties of the Hydrogel Obtained through Two Different Synthesis Routes
Authors: Madau Mathieu , Le Cerf Didier , Dulong Virginie , Picton Luc
Published: July 2021

Hyaluronic acid (HA) of different molar masses (respectively 38,000, 140,000 and 1,200,000 g.mol−1) have been functionalized with a commercial poly(etheramine), Jeffamine® M2005, in order to devise physical thermo-responsive hydrogels. Two routes have been studied, involving the use of either water for the first one or of N,N′-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a polar aprotic solvent, for the second one. In the case of the water route, the reaction was performed using a mixture of N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as coupling reagents. The reaction was optimized while making sure no free M2005 remained in the final material, leading to M2005 grafting degrees of about 4%, which enabled the formation of hydrogels by increasing the temperature. In the case of the organic solvent route, propylphosphonic anhydride T3P® was used as a coupling reagent in DMF, resulting in a M2005 grafting degree of around 8% with better thermo-responsive properties of HA-g-M2005 compared to those obtained when the reaction was performed in water. However, the reaction systematically led to covalent cross-linking in the case of the HA, with the highest starting molar masses resulting in a very different rheological behaviour and with higher gel strength retaining thermo-responsive behaviour but being only poorly soluble in water.
Physics of Space Weather Phenomena: A Review
Authors: Singh Ashok Kumar , Bhargawa Asheesh , Siingh Devendraa , Singh Ram Pal
Published: July 2021

In the last few decades, solar activity has been diminishing, and so space weather studies need to be revisited with more attention. The physical processes involved in dealing with various space weather parameters have presented a challenge to the scientific community, with a threat of having a serious impact on modern society and humankind. In the present paper, we have reviewed various aspects of space weather and its present understanding. The Sun and the Earth are the two major elements of space weather, so the solar and the terrestrial perspectives are discussed in detail. A variety of space weather effects and their societal as well as anthropogenic aspects are discussed. The impact of space weather on the terrestrial climate is discussed briefly. A few tools (models) to explain the dynamical space environment and its effects, incorporating real-time data for forecasting space weather, are also summarized. The physical relation of the Earth’s changing climate with various long-term changes in the space environment have provided clues to the short-term/long-term changes. A summary and some unanswered questions are presented in the final section.
Non-Invasive Technical Investigation of English Portrait Miniatures Attributed to Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver
Authors: Fiorillo Flavia , Burgio Lucia , Kimbriel Christine Slottved , Ricciardi Paola
Published: July 2021

This study presents the results of the technical investigation carried out on several English portrait miniatures painted in the 16th and 17th century by Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver, two of the most famous limners working at the Tudor and Stuart courts. The 23 objects chosen for the analysis, spanning almost the entire career of the two artists, belong to the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum (London) and the Fitzwilliam Museum (Cambridge). A non-invasive scientific methodology, comprising of stereo and optical microscopies, Raman microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, was required for the investigation of these small-scale and fragile objects. The palettes and working techniques of the two artists were characterised, focusing in particular on the examination of flesh tones, mouths, and eyes. These findings were also compared to the information written in the treatises on miniature painting circulating during the artists’ lifetime. By identifying the materials and techniques most widely employed by the two artists, this study provides information about similarities and differences in their working methods, which can help to understand their artistic practice as well as contribute to matters of attribution.
Panoramic Street-Level Imagery in Data-Driven Urban Research: A Comprehensive Global Review of Applications, Techniques, and Practical Considerations
Authors: Cinnamon Jonathan , Jahiu Lindi
Published: July 2021

The release of Google Street View in 2007 inspired several new panoramic street-level imagery platforms including Apple Look Around, Bing StreetSide, Baidu Total View, Tencent Street View, Naver Street View, and Yandex Panorama. The ever-increasing global capture of cities in 360° provides considerable new opportunities for data-driven urban research. This paper provides the first comprehensive, state-of-the-art review on the use of street-level imagery for urban analysis in five research areas: built environment and land use; health and wellbeing; natural environment; urban modelling and demographic surveillance; and area quality and reputation. Panoramic street-level imagery provides advantages in comparison to remotely sensed imagery and conventional urban data sources, whether manual, automated, or machine learning data extraction techniques are applied. Key advantages include low-cost, rapid, high-resolution, and wide-scale data capture, enhanced safety through remote presence, and a unique pedestrian/vehicle point of view for analyzing cities at the scale and perspective in which they are experienced. However, several limitations are evident, including limited ability to capture attribute information, unreliability for temporal analyses, limited use for depth and distance analyses, and the role of corporations as image-data gatekeepers. Findings provide detailed insight for those interested in using panoramic street-level imagery for urban research.
Prediction of Transient Pressure Fluctuations within a Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade Using a Lanczos-Filtered Harmonic Balance Method
Authors: Heners Jan Philipp , Stotz Stephan , Krosse Annette , Korte Detlef , Beck Maximilian , Vogt Damian
Published: July 2021

Unsteady pressure fluctuations measured by fast-response pressure transducers mounted in a low-pressure turbine cascade are compared to unsteady simulation results. Three differing simulation approaches are considered, one time-integration method and two harmonic balance methods either resolving or averaging the time-dependent components within the turbulence model. The observations are used to evaluate the capability of the harmonic balance solver to predict the transient pressure fluctuations acting on the investigated stator surface. Wakes of an upstream rotor are generated by moving cylindrical bars at a prescribed rotational speed that refers to a frequency of f∼500 Hz. The excitation at the rear part of the suction side is essentially driven by the presence of a separation bubble and is therefore highly dependent on the unsteady behavior of turbulence. In order to increase the stability of the investigated harmonic balance solver, a developed Lanczos-type filter method is applied if the turbulence model is considered in an unsteady fashion.
Feeding and Oviposition Behaviour of Trioza erytreae (Hemiptera: Triozidae) on Different Citrus Rootstock Material Available in Europe
Authors: Hernández-Suárez Estrella , Suárez-Méndez Laura , Parrilla Moneyba , Arjona-López Juan M. , Hervalejo Aurea , Arenas-Arenas Francisco J.
Published: July 2021

Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio, 1918) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the causal agent of Huanglongbing disease (HLB). This study evaluates the preference of T. erytreae in different citrus seedlings. Thus, six different non-grafted citrus rootstocks were used for these experiments: (a) Carrizo citrange; (b) Citrus macrophylla; (c) ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin; (d) Forner-Alcaide No. 5; (e) Forner-Alcaide No. 517, and (f) Poncirus trifoliata (‘Flying Dragon’). The behaviour and survival of this psyllid was evaluated through the feeding preference of T. erytreae adults for different rootstocks (in a choice trial under greenhouse conditions) and oviposition and survival of T. erytreae adults on the different citrus material (in a no-choice trial under laboratory conditions). Trioza erytreae showed a clear preference for hosting and feeding on C. macrophylla, and Carrizo citrange was the most suitable rootstock for insect reproduction and survival followed by C. macrophylla. Conversely, Poncirus trifoliata was the least attractive rootstock to T. erytreae adults in the greenhouse trial and led to significantly lower T. erytreae survival. Our results suggest that conventional citrus rootstocks, such as Carrizo citrange and C. macrophylla, could increase T. erytreae populations.
Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment Decreases Plasma Kisspeptin Levels in GH-Deficient Adults with Prader–Willi Syndrome
Authors: Giménez-Palop Olga , Casamitjana Laia , Corripio Raquel , Esteba-Castillo Susanna , Pareja Rocío , Albiñana Néstor , Rigla Mercedes , Caixàs Assumpta
Published: July 2021

Obesity and growth hormone (GH)-deficiency are consistent features of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Centrally, kisspeptin is involved in regulating reproductive function and can stimulate hypothalamic hormones such as GH. Peripherally, kisspeptin signaling influences energy and metabolic status. We evaluated the effect of 12-month GH treatment on plasma kisspeptin levels in 27 GH-deficient adult PWS patients and analyzed its relationship with metabolic and anthropometric changes. Twenty-seven matched obese subjects and 22 healthy subjects were also studied. Before treatment, plasma kisspeptin concentrations in PWS and obese subjects were similar (140.20 (23.5–156.8) pg/mL vs. 141.96 (113.9–165.6) pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.979)) and higher (p = 0.019) than in healthy subjects (124.58 (107.3–139.0) pg/mL); plasma leptin concentrations were similar in PWS and obese subjects (48.15 (28.80–67.10) ng/mL vs. 33.10 (20.50–67.30) ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.152) and higher (p < 0.001) than in healthy subjects (14.80 (11.37–67.30) ng/mL). After GH therapy, lean body mass increased 2.1% (p = 0.03), total fat mass decreased 1.6% (p = 0.005), and plasma kisspeptin decreased to levels observed in normal-weight subjects (125.1(106.2–153.4) pg/mL, p = 0.027). BMI and leptin levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, 12-month GH therapy improved body composition and decreased plasma kisspeptin in GH deficient adults with PWS. All data are expressed in median (interquartile range).
Manganese–Cobalt Based Spinel Coatings Processed by Electrophoretic Deposition Method: The Influence of Sintering on Degradation Issues of Solid Oxide Cell Oxygen Electrodes at 750 °C
Authors: Zanchi Elisa , Ignaczak Justyna , Kamecki Bartosz , Jasiński Piotr , Molin Sebastian , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Smeacetto Federico
Published: July 2021

This paper seeks to examine how the Mn–Co spinel interconnect coating microstructure can influence Cr contamination in an oxygen electrode of intermediate temperature solid oxide cells, at an operating temperature of 750 °C. A Mn–Co spinel coating is processed on Crofer 22 APU substrates by electrophoretic deposition, and subsequently sintered, following both the one-step and two-step sintering, in order to obtain significantly different densification levels. The electrochemical characterization is performed on anode-supported cells with an LSCF cathode. The cells were aged prior to the electrochemical characterization in contact with the spinel-coated Crofer 22 APU at 750 °C for 250 h. Current–voltage and impedance spectra of the cells were measured after the exposure with the interconnect. Post-mortem analysis of the interconnect and the cell was carried out, in order to assess the Cr retention capability of coatings with different microstructures.
Preparation and Mechanical-Fatigue Properties of Elastic Polyurethane Concrete Composites
Authors: Jia Zhen , Jia Dongzhe , Sun Quansheng , Wang Yanqi , Ding Hongjian
Published: July 2021

In order to solve issues related to bridge girders, expansion devices and road surfaces, as well as other structures that are prone to fatigue failure, a kind of fatigue-resistant elastic polyurethane concrete (EPUC) was obtained by adding waste rubber particles (40 mesh with 10% fine aggregate volume replacement rate) to conventional engineering polyurethane concrete (PUC). Based on the preparation and properties of EPUC, its constitutive relation was proposed through compression and tensile tests; then, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a 3D non-contact surface profilometer were used to study the failure morphology and micromechanisms of EPUC. On this basis, four-point bending fatigue tests of EPUC were carried out at different temperature levels (−20 °C, 0 °C, 20 °C) and different strain levels (400 με~1200 με). These were used to analyze the stiffness modulus, hysteresis angle and dissipated energy of EPUC, and our results outline the fatigue life prediction models of EPUC at different temperatures. The results show that the addition of rubber particles fills the interior of EPUC with tiny elastic structures and effectively optimizes the interface bonding between aggregate and polyurethane. In addition, EPUC has good mechanical properties and excellent fatigue resistance; the fatigue life of EPUC at a room temperature of 600 με can grow by more than two million times, and it also has a longer service life and reduced disease frequency, as well as fewer maintenance requirements. This paper will provide a theoretical and design basis for the fatigue resistance design and engineering application of building materials. Meanwhile, the new EPUC material has broad application potential in terms of roads, bridges and green buildings.
Volume Percentage of Filling Voids in Root Canals Prepared by a Novel Nickel-Titanium Rotary System (TruNatomy) Using Two Different Obturation Techniques
Authors: Lee You Jin , Kim Sunil , Shin Su-Jung
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to compare the volume percentage of filling voids in root canals prepared with a newly introduced rotary system, TruNatomy (Dentsply Maillefer), and obturated by the modified continuous wave (CW) or single cone (SC) filling technique. Plastic tooth models with four canals were enlarged by using TruNatomy files and randomly allocated into either the CW or SC group. The volume percentage of filling voids at 1–6 mm from the apex was analyzed by using microcomputed tomography; mean values were compared by using independent two-sample t-tests (p < 0.05). The mean volume percentages of the filling voids were 2.81 ± 1.11% and 1.77 ± 0.82% in the CW and SC groups, respectively. In the apical area (1–4 mm), volume percentages in the palatal were significantly different between the CW and SC groups; in the middle area (4–6 mm), volume percentages in the palatal and the second mesiobuccal canals were significantly different (p < 0.05). The SC group showed lower volume percentages of filling voids than the CW group. The canals prepared by the TruNatomy system can be obturated well by both the SC and CW techniques. The SC technique showed a lower number of voids, especially in the palatal canals.
Silsesquioxane-Based Triphenylamine-Linked Fluorescent Porous Polymer for Dyes Adsorption and Nitro-Aromatics Detection
Authors: Wang Qingzheng , Unno Masafumi , Liu Hongzhi
Published: July 2021

In order to enrich hybrid materials, a novel fluorescent silsesquioxane-based polymer (denoted as PCS-OTS) was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction starting from octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) with triphenylamine-functionalized silsesquioxane monomer (denoted as OTS) with AlCl3 as catalyst. PCS-OTS possessed a high surface area of 816 m2/g and a unique bimodal pore structure. The triphenylamine unit endowed PCS-OTS with excellent luminescence, which made it act as a sensitive chemical sensor and detect p-nitrophenol with high sensitivity (KSV = 81,230 M−1). Moreover, PCS-OTS can significantly remove dyes, and the respective adsorption capacity for Rhodamine B (RB), Congo red (CR) and Methyl Orange (MO) is 1935, 1420 and 155 mg/g. Additionally, it could simultaneously remove multiple dyes from water by simple filtration and be easily regenerated. This hybrid porous polymer can be a good choice for water treatment.
A Comparative Study of Oxygen and Hydrogen Adsorption on Strained and Alloy-Supported Pt(111) Monolayers
Authors: Shuttleworth Ian
Published: July 2021

A comparative study of the unreacted and reacted uniaxially strained Pt(111) and the layered (111)-Pt/Ni/Pt3Ni and (111)-Pt/Ni/PtNi3 surfaces has been performed using density functional theory (DFT). An in-depth study of the unreacted surfaces has been performed to evaluate the importance of geometric, magnetic and ligand effects in determining the reactivity of these different Pt surfaces. An analysis of the binding energies of oxygen and hydrogen over the high-symmetry binding positions of all surfaces has been performed. The study has shown that O and H tend to bind more strongly to the (111)-Pt/Ni/Pt3Ni surface and less strongly to the (111)-Pt/Ni/PtNi3 surface compared to binding on the equivalently strained Pt(111) surfaces. Changes in the surface magnetisation of the surfaces overlaying the ferromagnetic alloys during adsorption are discussed, as well as the behaviour of the d-band centre across all surfaces, to evaluate the potential mechanisms for these differences in binding. An accompanying comparison of the accessible density functionals has been included to estimate the error in the computational binding energies.
Inverse Problem for Ising Connection Matrix with Long-Range Interaction
Authors: Litinskii Leonid , Kryzhanovsky Boris
Published: July 2021

In the present paper, we examine Ising systems on d-dimensional hypercube lattices and solve an inverse problem where we have to determine interaction constants of an Ising connection matrix when we know a spectrum of its eigenvalues. In addition, we define restrictions allowing a random number sequence to be a connection matrix spectrum. We use the previously obtained analytical expressions for the eigenvalues of Ising connection matrices accounting for an arbitrary long-range interaction and supposing periodic boundary conditions.
Simulated Annealing with Restart Strategy for the Path Cover Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Yu Vincent F. , Winarno  , Maulidin Achmad , Redi A. A. N. Perwira , Lin Shih-Wei , Yang Chao-Lung
Published: July 2021

This research presents a variant of the vehicle routing problem known as the path cover problem with time windows (PCPTW), in which each vehicle starts with a particular customer and finishes its route at another customer. The vehicles serve each customer within the customer’s time windows. PCPTW is motivated by a practical strategy for companies to reduce operational cost by hiring freelance workers, thus allowing workers to directly service customers without reporting to the office. A mathematical programming model is formulated for the problem. This research also proposes a simulated annealing heuristic with restart strategy (SARS) to solve PCPTW and test it on several benchmark datasets. Computational results indicate that the proposed SARS effectively solves PCPTW.
Analyzing the Impact of Spanish University Funding Policies on the Evolution of Their Performance: A Multi-Criteria Approach
Authors: El Gibari Samira , Perez-Esparrells Carmen , Gomez Trinidad , Ruiz Francisco
Published: July 2021

The relationship between university performance and performance-based funding models has been a topic of debate for decades. Promoting performance-based funding models can create incentives for improving the educational and research effectiveness of universities, and consequently providing them with a competitive advantage over its competitors. Therefore, this paper studies how to measure the performance of a university through a mathematical multicriteria analysis and tries to link these results with certain university funding policies existing in the Spanish case. To this end, a reference point-based technique is used, which allows the consideration and aggregation of all the aspects regarded as relevant to assess university performance. The simple and easy way in which the information is provided by this technique makes it valuable for decision makers because of considering two aggregation scenarios: the fully compensatory scenario provides an idea of the overall performance, while the non-compensatory one detects possible improvement areas. This study is carried out in two stages. First, the main results of applying the proposed methodology to the performance analysis evolution of the largest three Spanish public university, over a period of five academic years, are described. Second, a discussion is carried out about some interesting features of the analysis proposed at regional level, and some policy messages are provided. The “intra” regions university performance analysis reveals some institutions with noteworthy behaviors, some with sustained trends throughout the analyzed period and other institutions with more erratic behaviors, within the same regional public university system despite having the identical funding model. However, the findings “inter” regions also reveal that only Catalonia has developed a true performance-based model, in theory and in practice, which has contributed to achieving excellent results at regional level in both teaching and research.
Preparation, Characterization, and Activity of Pd/PSS-Modified Membranes in the Low Temperature Dry Reforming of Methane with and without Addition of Extra Steam
Authors: Mateos-Pedrero Cecilia , Soria Miguel A. , Guerrero-Ruíz Antonio , Rodríguez-Ramos Inmaculada
Published: July 2021

The external surface of a commercial porous stainless steel (PSS) was modified by either oxidation in air at varying temperatures (600, 700, and 800 °C) or coating with different oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, and ZrO2). Among them, PSS-ZrO2 appears as the most suitable carrier for the synthesis of the Pd membrane. A composite Pd membrane supported on the PSS-ZrO2 substrate was prepared by the electroless plating deposition method. Supported Ru catalysts were first evaluated for the low-temperature methane dry reforming (DRM) reaction in a continuous flow reactor (CR). Ru/ZrO2-La2O3 catalyst was found to be active and stable, so it was used in a membrane reactor (MR), which enhances the methane conversions above the equilibrium values. The influence of adding H2O to the feed of DRM was investigated over a Ru/ZrO2-La2O3 catalyst in the MR. Activity results are compared with those measured in a CR. The addition of H2O into the feed favors other reactions such as Water-Gas Shift (RWGS) and Steam Reforming (SR), which occur together with DRM, resulting in a dramatic decrease of CO2 conversion and CO production, but a marked increase of H2 yield.
Successful Dissemination of Plasmid-Mediated Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Enterobacterales over Humans to Wild Fauna
Authors: Beyrouthy Racha , Sabença Carolina , Robin Frédéric , Poeta Patricia , Igrejas Giberto , Bonnet Richard
Published: July 2021

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria remains poorly understood in the wild ecosystem and at the interface of habitats. Here, we explored the spread of Escherichia coli containing IncI1-ST3 plasmid encoding resistance gene cefotaximase-Munich-1 (blaCTX-M-1) in human-influenced habitats and wild fauna using a genomic approach. Methods. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), single-nucleotide polymorphism comparison, synteny-based analysis and data mining approaches were used to analyse a dataset of genomes and circularised plasmids. Results. CTX-M-1 E. coli sequence types (STs) were preferentially associated with ecosystems. Few STs were shared by distinct habitats. IncI1-ST3-blaCTX-M-1 plasmids are disseminated among all E. coli phylogroups. The main divergences in plasmids were located in a shuffling zone including blaCTX-M-1 inserted in a conserved site. This insertion hot spot exhibited diverse positions and orientations in a zone-modulating conjugation, and the resulting synteny was associated with geographic and biological sources. Conclusions. The ecological success of IncI1-ST3-blaCTX-M-1 appears less linked to the spread of their bacterial recipients than to their ability to transfer in a broad spectrum of bacterial lineages. This feature is associated with the diversity of their shuffling conjugation region that contain blaCTX-M-1. These might be involved in the resistance to antimicrobials, but also in their spread.
Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Outlook on Current and Emerging Mitigation and Control Approaches
Authors: Sukenik Assaf , Kaplan Aaron
Published: July 2021

An intensification of toxic cyanobacteria blooms has occurred over the last three decades, severely affecting coastal and lake water quality in many parts of the world. Extensive research is being conducted in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the driving forces that alter the ecological balance in water bodies and of the biological role of the secondary metabolites, toxins included, produced by the cyanobacteria. In the long-term, such knowledge may help to develop the needed procedures to restore the phytoplankton community to the pre-toxic blooms era. In the short-term, the mission of the scientific community is to develop novel approaches to mitigate the blooms and thereby restore the ability of affected communities to enjoy coastal and lake waters. Here, we critically review some of the recently proposed, currently leading, and potentially emerging mitigation approaches in-lake novel methodologies and applications relevant to drinking-water treatment.
Babesia pisicii n. sp. and Babesia canis Infect European Wild Cats, Felis silvestris, in Romania
Authors: Panait Luciana Cătălina , Hrazdilová Kristýna , Ionică Angela Monica , Deak Georgiana , Chişamera Gabriel Bogdan , Adam Costică , Gherman Călin Mircea , Mihalca Andrei Daniel
Published: July 2021

Haemoparasites of the genus Babesia infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Feline babesiosis is considered endemic in South Africa, while data on Babesia spp. infection in felids in Europe is scarce. Using samples from 51 wild felids, 44 Felis silvestris and 7 Lynx lynx, the study aimed to determine the presence and genetic diversity of Babesia spp. in wild felids in Romania by analyzing the 18S rDNA and two mitochondrial markers, cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. By 18S rDNA analyses, Babesia spp. DNA was detected in 20 European wild felids. All sequences showed 100% similarity to B. canis by BLAST analysis. Conversely, Cytb and COI analyses revealed the presence of two Babesia spp., B. pisicii n. sp., which we herein describe, and B. canis. The pairwise comparison of both mitochondrial genes of B. pisicii n. sp. showed a genetic distance of at least 10.3% from the most closely related species, B. rossi. Phylogenetic analyses of Cytb and COI genes revealed that B. pisicii n. sp. is related to the so-called “large” canid-associated Babesia species forming a separate subclade in a sister position to B. rossi.