bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Universal Advanced Practice Provider Fellowship: A Roadmap to Increase Program Accessibility and Financial Sustainability
Authors: Smith Holly , Lynn Shannon , Menefee Felicia
Published: January 2024

Advanced practice providers (APPs) are a growing and essential component of today's health care delivery models. APP fellowship programs have been developed by health care systems to address APP recruitment, retention, and preparedness. However, APP fellowship programs are not widely accessible to most new graduate APPs or experienced APPs who wish to change their specialty. The development of these programs can be costly for health care systems to initiate and maintain. This article discusses the development of a “universal” APP fellowship program that allows for increased program accessibility and financial sustainability for health care systems.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(1):4–6.]
Advocating for People With Disabilities Through Inclusion in Nursing Education
Authors: Hill Cindy
Published: January 2024

Providing staff with nursing education that reflects care of people with disabilities is vital to promote equitable care. Professional development specialists can design educational tools that address diversity, equity, and inclusion objectives that include care of this minority. Nursing staff who are educated to apply these concepts can improve health outcomes for this patient population.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(1):10–12.]
Academic librarians as educational developers: Overview, case study, and discussion
Authors: Hammons Jane
Published: January 2024

In the library and information science (LIS) literature, there are examples of librarians leading educational development initiatives, often centered on information literacy (IL). However, there does not appear to have been significant exploration in the educational development literature of librarians acting as educational developers. This article is intended fill this gap by providing an overview of academic librarians’ engagement with educational development and offering a brief case study of a librarian who is involved in educational development, followed by discussion of key questions and potential implications that are raised when considering librarians acting in this role. The goal is to open up a dialogue between and among educational developers and librarians about the role of librarians in educational development. This may also encourage discussion among educational developers about how the field should be defined and who qualifies as an educational developer.
In-Vitro antioxidant activity of essential oils and oleoresins of cinnamon, clove bud, ginger and their synergistic interactions
Authors: Sethunga S. M. M. C. , Ranaweera K. K. D. S. , Munaweera I. , Gunathilake K. D. P. P.
Published: January 2024

Essential oils (EOs) and oleoresins (ORs) are well distinguished for their antioxidant properties and they can be widely used in the food industry as preservatives. The present study was executed for evaluating the synergistic interactions on antioxidant efficacy of EOs and ORs of cinnamon, clove bud and ginger and their combinations. EOs and ORs were obtained by hydro-distillation and solvent extraction. In-vitro antioxidant properties were investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdenum method (Total Antioxidant Capacity, TAC) and ABTS radical scavenging activity assay. EOs and ORs which consisted with different chemical constituents and different Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavanoid Content (TFC) exhibited a range of variation in the inhibition percentage of DPPH and IC50 values (0.1645-6.5181 mg/mL). The TAC of EOs and ORs was within the range of 0.27-3.94 mg AAE/mg. The ORs showed higher inhibition percentages and TAC compared to EOs of the same spice. This study revealed that clove buds contains higher antioxidant properties than cinnamon and ginger. Significant reductions in IC50 values were shown in EO blends compared to the ORs blends. The combination of cinnamon EO/clove bud EO and combination cinnamon EO/ginger EO showed strong synergy in tested samples. Therefore, both EOs and ORs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Syzygium aromaticum, Zingiber officinale and their blends are excellent sources for natural and effective natural antioxidant agents in the food industry.
Use of Drone Imagery to Predict Leaf Nitrogen Content of Sugarcane Cultivated Under Organic Fertilizer Application
Authors: Kumarasiri U. W. L. M. , Vitharana U. W. A. , Ariyawansha T. , Kulasekara B. R.
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based multispectral imagery (MI) to predict the leaf nitrogen (N) content of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). MI of canopy cover of two sugarcane varieties (Co 775 and SL 96 128) applied with different doses of N (0 – 550 kg/ha) were captured at 4½ months after planting. These images were used to calculate 10 different vegetation indices (VIs). Five machine learning (ML) models were tested for their potential to predict leaf N status using the most appropriate VIs. The correlation analysis showed that DVI (Difference Vegetation Index) was the most powerful VI for the prediction of leaf N (r = 0.81), followed by the RVI (Ratio Vegetation Index) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) (R2= 0.78 and 0.77, respectively). A threshold correlation (r > 0.6) was applied to select predictive variables for ML models and performance was evaluated using a validation data set of leaf N content. Individual variety testing revealed that PLSR (Partial Least Squares Regression) and SVR (Support Vector Regression) models as the best prediction models with the highest Coefficient of determination (R2>0.72) and the lowest Root Mean Square Error values (RMSE<0.11). When both variety data were pooled, RF (Random Forest) demonstrated the highest predictive performance on the validation dataset, with an R2 value of 0.66 with a RMSE value of 0.12. Generally, the prediction accuracy of models was less when data from both varieties were pooled. This study postulated the potential for the fusion of UAV MI and ML approaches to predict leaf N states and the importance of developing varietal-specific prediction models for the sugarcane vegetation.
Materials-Based Approaches for Cancer Vaccination
Authors: Sobral Miguel C , Mooney David J
Published: January 2024

Therapeutic cancer vaccines offer the promise of stimulating the immune system to specifically eradicate tumor cells and establish long-term memory to prevent tumor recurrence. However, despite showing benign safety profiles and the ability to generate Ag-specific cellular responses, cancer vaccines have been hampered by modest clinical efficacy. Lessons learned from these studies have led to the emergence of innovative materials-based strategies that aim to boost the clinical activity of cancer vaccines. In this Brief Review, we provide an overview of the key elements needed for an effective vaccine-induced antitumor response, categorize current approaches to therapeutic cancer vaccination, and explore recent advances in materials-based strategies to potentiate cancer vaccines.
Malaria Elimination in West Java, Indonesia: A Descriptive-and-Qualitative Study
Authors: Nisa Fauziah , Ruluwedrata Rinawan Fedri , Fakhri Nugraha Naufal , Lia Faridah , Malaya Jati Karomahul , Angelina Dakosta , Kalya Santika Mahatyanta , Yusuf Zakiyyudin Muhammad , Ahmad Muhsin , Furbani Rizkillah Kiky , Nurun Nisa Miftahul , Bayusantika Ristandi Ryan
Published: January 2024

Background & objectives:

Following the World Health Organization (WHO) plans for 35 malaria-endemic countries, Indonesia will eliminate malaria by 2030. As one of the Indonesian provinces, West Java targeted sub-national malaria elimination in 2022. This article aims to describe malaria surveillance data and elimination programs, including weaknesses in sustaining the program.

Methods:

This study used secondary data from malaria surveillance information system regencies/cities’ case reports for 2019–2022 and achievement data of sub-national malaria elimination certification from each regency/city in 2014–2022. The data was confirmed from the evaluation study document, analysis of reported cases, and interviews.

Results:

Most cases were confirmed by microscopic examination (84.1% in 2021 and 94.4% in 2022) and rapid diagnostic tests (57% in 2019 and 58.1% in 2020). Malaria is more prevalent among men (93% in 2019, 95% in 2020, 96% in 2021, and 95.9% in 2022) and productive ages 15–64 (98.8% in 2019, 100% in 2020, 99.2% in 2021, and 98.8% in 2022), frequently occurs in the military (56.3% in 2019, 75.7% in 2020, 45.2% in 2021) and police (40.5% in 2022), often use passive case detection for identifying cases (97.9% in 2019 and 2020, 95.2% in 2021, and 97.6% in 2022), and the majority undergo inpatient treatment (86.4% in 2019, 81.7% in 2021, and 82.6% in 2022). Most positive cases originated from imported cases, and the last indigenous cases were still found in 2019. Plasmodium vivax dominated malaria cases, and relapses were high (55.0% in 2020, and 47.3% in 2022).

Interpretation & conclusion:

All regencies/cities have obtained sub-national malaria elimination certification in 2022. West Java has the potential to be verified for Java-Bali sub-national malaria elimination targeted in 2023, albeit cases of imported malaria still occur. It is imperative to address the issue of imported cases transitioning into locally transmitted cases (introduced) by effective coordination across all regencies/cities and inter-provincial efforts.
Characterization of Leclercia adecarboxylata isolated from field collected Anopheles subpictus in Berhampur, Odisha, India
Authors: Agrawal Ankita , Barik Tapan Kumar , Patel Amiya Kumar
Published: January 2024

Background & objectives;

Malaria, a vector-borne disease, is caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted by Anopheles species. Among these vectors, Anopheles subpictus has emerged as a potent malarial vector in coastal areas of India. Numerous studies have highlighted that bacterial communities within mosquito influence vector competence. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize bacterial microbiota from An. subpictus larvae.

Methods:

Isolation and purification of the predominant bacterial strain (ALl) was carried out. Morphological, biochemical, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of the isolated bacteria was performed.

Results:

Bacterial isolate (AL1) was found to be rod, gram negative, catalase positive and oxidase negative. AL1 was identified as Leclercia adecarboxylata (Accession number: OR649235) through 16S rRNA ribotyping. Further, the leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis showed inhibitory effect against ALl.

Interpretation & conclusion:

The study provided the first report on the isolation of symbiotic bacteria (L. adecarboxylata) from An. subpictus and its control by leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis. Isolated gram-negative bacterial strain might inhibit the development of mosquito vectors and can be implemented for various biological control strategies to combat malaria transmission.
Identification of natural inhibitors targeting trehalase of Anopheles funestus in the management of malaria: A Biocomputational assessment
Authors: Al Ali Amer , Asiri Abdulaziz , Abu-Alghayth Mohammed H , Althobiti Maryam Musleh , Al Hader Bandar Ali , Alhindi Zain
Published: January 2024

Background & objectives:

Anopheles funestus is playing an increasingly important role in malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Trehalase, an enzyme required for trehalose breakdown, is important for mosquito flight and stress adaptation. Hence, its inhibition has emerged as a promising malaria management strategy.

Methods:

A collection of 1900 natural compounds from the ZINC database were screened against the 3D modeled structure of An. funestus trehalase protein using in silico tools. ADMET-AI, a web-based platform, was used to predict the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of the selected compounds.

Results:

We report 5 natural compounds namely, ZINC00488388, ZINC00488525, ZINC00488566, ZINC00488304, and ZINC00488456 that demonstrated strong binding affinity to the trehalase protein. These compounds interacted with critical residues of the trehalase protein and exhibited good drug-like characteristics.

Interpretation & conclusion:

These compounds show promise as trehalase protein inhibitors for malaria management. Nonetheless, additional experimental studies are required to optimize these compounds as potential trehalase inhibitors.
Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi in whole blood samples with sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using rhoptry-associated protein 1 specific polyclonal antibodies
Authors: Wan Nazri Wan Siti Maryam , Ling Lau Yee , Wen Cheong Fei
Published: January 2024

Background & objectives:

Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria species, is now known to infect humans. Due to disadvantages in the current diagnosis methods, many efforts have been placed into new method developments to diagnose the disease. This study assessed the ability of the PkRAP-1 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) to detect P. knowlesi antigens in whole blood specimens.

Methods:

Western blot assay was conducted to evaluate the ability of raised mouse and rabbit anti-PkRAP-1 polyclonal antibodies to bind to the native proteins in P. knowlesi lysate. The polyclonal antibodies were then used in sandwich ELISA to detect P. knowlesi. In the sandwich ELISA, mouse and rabbit polyclonal antibodies were used as the capture and detection antibodies, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was determined using P. knowlesi A1H1 culture and purified recombinant PkRAP-1.

Results:

Western blot results showed positive reactions towards the proteins in P. knowlesi lysate. The LOD of the assay from three technical replicates was 0.068% parasitaemia. The assay performance in detecting P. knowlesi was 83% sensitivity and 70% specificity with positive and negative predictive values of 74% and 80%, respectively. The anti-PkRAP-1 polyclonal antibodies did not cross-react with Plasmodium falciparum and healthy samples, but Plasmodium vivax by detecting all 12 samples.

Interpretation & conclusion:

PkRAP-1 has the potential as a biomarker for the development of a new diagnostic tool for P. knowlesi detection. Further studies need to be conducted to establish the full potential of the usage of anti-PkRAP-1 antibodies for P. knowlesi detection.
Vectors, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Relation to Malaria Transmission in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Kurmi UM , Nanvyat N , Lapang MP , Mafuyai JM , Isah L , Ombugadu A , Yina GI , Otakpa EO , Simse RL , Mwansat GS
Published: January 2024

Background & objectives:

Malaria remains a major public health concern in Nigeria and the vectors (Anopheles species) can only be controlled effectively by having good knowledge of its composition and potential for disease transmission. This work aimed at surveying the indoor malaria vectors, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) in relation to the disease transmission in Toro LGA, Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Methods:

Mosquitoes were collected by Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) between October and December 2019 and were morphologically identified using standard keys. Blood samples were also collected from individuals who slept in the rooms where PSC was conducted. Thick and thin blood smears were made for malaria parasite examination. Questionnaires were administered to 120 participants for the KAP studies.

Results:

Ninety-seven (97) Anopheles mosquitoes were collected and identified as Anopheles gambiae 76(78.35%), An. funestus 20(20.62%) and An. coustani 1(1.03%). The overall malaria prevalence was 15.8%. The KAP studies revealed that measures and treatment-seeking behaviours against malaria varied significantly (P<0.05) among the respondents. Sleeping under net 55(45.8%) and use of insecticides 24(20.0%) were some of the preventive measures highlighted while treatment-seeking behaviours included visit to pharmacy 74(61.7%) and use of local herbs 11(9.2%).

Interpretation & conclusion:

This work revealed that An. gambiae and An. funestus are predominant malaria vectors in the area. The KAP information demonstrated fair knowledge about the disease by the respondents. Therefore, public enlightenment about malaria prevention, control and treatment is recommended to address the few but highly negative impact knowledge gaps about malaria.
Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detecting 1p and 19q Codeletion in Glioma
Authors: Vo Niem Van Thanh , Truong Diem Dinh-Kieu , Xinh Phan Thi , Vu Hoang Anh
Published: January 2024

Background:

Glioma is a type of tumor that occurs in the brain and spinal cord. Gliomas begin in the gluey supportive cells (glial cells) that surround nerve cells and help them function. Gliomas are classified according to the type of glial cell involved in the tumor, as well as the tumor’s genetic features, which can help predict how the tumor will behave over time and the treatments most likely to work. Among the molecular markers for the classification of glioma, loss of the 1p/19q fragments is by far the most well-characterized and most widely studied. In this study, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as an alternative technique to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect 1p/19q deletion mutations in adult gliomas.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study. Specific primers were designed for target genes represented for 1p and 19q areas. Real-time PCR was performed for 60 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples which were randomly divided into two groups: whole tissue DNA extraction and tumor-only area DNA extraction. FISH was used as a confirmation method.

Results:

Real-time PCR results from DNA isolated from whole tissue showed a low similarity with FISH results (56.6% for 1p and 66.6% for 19q), while real-time PCR results from DNA of tumor-only area showed high similarity with FISH results for both markers (80%). For samples with 1p/19q deletion, real-time PCR showed a relatively low sensitivity as this technique only detected 5 out of 11 samples with 1p/19q deletion.

Conclusions:

Using DNA extracted from the tumor-only area, real-time PCR has a similarity of 80% compared with FISH in detecting 1p/19q deletion.
In Silico Exploration of Phytochemicals as Potential Drug Candidates against Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Target for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Singh Sanjeev , Kancharla Sudhakar , Kolli Prachetha , Mandadapu Gowtham , Jena Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2024

Background:

The objective of the study was to use docking and pharmacological research to explore phytochemicals as therapeutic candidates for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Methods:

The 100 plant compounds for the study were selected after a thorough review of the most recent literature using PubMed and Google Scholar. Three-dimensional structure in Structure-Data File Format of all phytochemicals was downloaded and collected from the PubChem platform. In parallel, the three-dimensional structure of the target protein dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in Protein Data Bank (PDB) format was obtained from the website of the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics-PDB. AutoDock Vina software was used for the docking purpose. SwissADME and the admetSAR web server were used to further examine the top docked compounds for the pharmacological investigation.

Results:

Out of 100 phytochemicals, only 15 have shown better or comparable binding affinity above the benchmark medication, sitagliptin (−7.9 kcal/mol). All of these compounds were assessed to determine their viability as potential drugs by predicting their Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties. Two of these phytochemicals have proven their potential as medication candidates by passing the ADMET requirements.

Conclusions:

In silico studies help explore and find drug candidates among the enormous pool of phytochemicals and narrow down the screening process, saving time and money on experiments. In vitro and in vivo testing can be used in the future to further validate drug candidature.
Expression Pattern of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Patients with Brain Tumor
Authors: Raghotham Ananthan , Ashwini K. , Rao Chandrika , Souza Neevan D. , Kumari N Suchetha
Published: January 2024

Background:

The term “brain tumor” refers to a diverse group of neoplasms that originate in intracranial tissues and the meninges and range in malignancy from benign to aggressive. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed at high levels in a variety of cancers, suggesting a role in cancer etiology. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deleted from chromosome 10 is one of the most essential tumor suppressor genes, and it is frequently altered in brain, breast, kidney, lung, and uterine malignancies. Many people with brain malignancies have PTEN gene abnormalities. Brain tumors have proved challenging to treat, largely owing to the biological characteristics of these cancers, which often conspire to limit progress. The present study aimed to analyze the expression of EGFR and PTEN in different types of brain tumor.

Methods:

Tumor samples were collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, Western blot, and RNA expression analysis were performed to check the receptor expression.

Results:

IHC analysis showed the expression of EGFR in patients with meningioma, CP angle tumor, and pituitary adenoma, but no expression of PTEN was observed. In glioma, the expression of both the receptors was observed. RNA expression of PTEN was similar to control, and significantly higher expression of EGFR was observed in patients with CP angle tumor, pituitary adenoma, and meningioma. Higher expression of PTEN and EGFR was observed in glioma samples. In the present study, we have also observed the expression of EGFR, p-AKT, and p-STAT 3 in the tumor tissue samples, but no expression of PTEN was observed in CP angle, meningioma, and pituitary adenoma. Expression of both PTEN and EGFR was observed in glioma samples.

Conclusion:

Thus, EGFR and PTEN involved in brain tumors can be considered targets for therapeutic purposes.
The Outright Regarding Abdominal Wall Hernia among Adults in Jazan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alrashid Fauwaz Fahad , Madkhali Abdullah Yahya , Albarrak Sarah Khalid , Albalawi Ibrahim Ahmed , Almalki Fahad A , Alshamlan Abdulaziz A , Alhawsawi Akram Yhya Mohammed , Banjar Mohammed Salem , Idris Saadeldin Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Background:

Hernias are repeatedly encountered in surgical clinics owing to risks such as constipation, weightlifting, gestation, weight gain, and ongoing ailments similar to bronchial asthma and prostatic enlargement. The study intended to examine various viewpoints of the population’s knowledge and beliefs concerning hernia and its management.

Methods:

Individuals in this cross-sectional study were randomly picked from those at greater risk of acquiring abdominal wall hernias (AWHs). To report their awareness levels toward AWH, the data were calculated as frequency, expressed as a percentage, and displayed as tables and figures.

Results:

Eighty-six percent of the patients did not have a hernia during the study, but all had experienced hernias before the study date. About 36.9% of participants showed a poor level of knowledge regarding AWHs. Participants’ knowledge was notably correlated with gender, age, marital status, previous abdominal surgery, presence of interfamilial hernias, and having asthma or chronic cough (P< 0.05). According to 55% of respondents, pain and discomfort after an operation are the most prevalent complications, while 15.1% reported no postoperative complications. According to 41.4% of respondents, laparoscopic surgery was the best treatment option, followed by open surgery and lifestyle modifications in 28% and 24.8%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Compared to females, males were more likely to suffer from AWHs. Hernia’s risk factors, management methods, and surgical complications were not well understood by participants. This may entail holding seminars to raise awareness of AWHs among the community members.
Purification of Laccase from the Fungus Clitopilus prunulus BV18 and its Application in Bioconversion of Tea Polyphenols to Bioactive Theabrownins
Authors: Vu Dinh Giap , Dang Nhat Minh , Nguyen Phuong Dai Nguyen , Ha Thi Dung , Mac Vinh The
Published: January 2024

Background:

Theabrownins (TBs), which are produced from tea leaves, have been shown to have biological. To extract biologically active chemicals from polyphenol structures, an oxidizing enzyme (i.e. laccase) is used to oxidize the polyphenol structure, releasing smaller and more soluble molecular compounds, including TBs. This is a biologically active compound that is beneficial to human health. Therefore, using laccase to purify is significant in enhancing the oxidation process of polyphenols from fresh tea leaves to improve the efficiency of harvesting theabrownins.

Methods:

to purify laccase, we use a diethylaminoethyl-cellulose (DEAE), Sephadex G-75, and Q Sepharose® columns in a three-step column chromatography procedure. In addition, TBs formed by hydrolysis were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a refractive index detector (ultra violet-Vis 271 nm) and ICSep WA-1 Analysis column.

Results:

In this study, CliLac was effectively purified with a specific activity of 7.58 U/mg from strain Clitopilus prunulus BV18. Using DEAE, Sephadex G-75, and Q Sepharose® columns in a three-step column chromatography procedure, the enzyme was purified to a level of 21.4-fold purity. The enzyme with a molecular weight of 55.2 kDa demonstrated increased pH stability in the acidic range. Biochemical properties of CliLac showed that the optimum pH and temperature were 5.0 and 50°C, respectively. The activity retention was over 80% at pH 5.0 for more than 7 h of incubation. CliLac denatured at temperatures over 60°C. TBs production release increased up to 159 ppm after 72 h of incubation using a purified CliLac (10 U/gds) at 50°C.

Conclusions:

The study indicates that CliLac is appropriate for oxidizing the polyphenol structure and releases the TBs, which are smaller and more soluble molecular compounds.
A comparative study of diagnostic performance of COVID-19 Reporting and Data System and computed tomography severity score in clinically suspected COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kyatham Vikram , Kashudu Yarramsetty Pundari , Nagendra T.R. , Piprikar Rama Rao , Kogekar Rhidaynath A , Bhargava Rahul
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) and computed tomography (CT) severity score (CT-SS) in patients with clinically suspected coronavirus disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done. Patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suspicious for COVID-19 were participated. Patients referred with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) had chest CT evaluation done by CO-RADS and CT-SS, respectively, by an independent investigator. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the two scoring systems in diagnosing COVID infection, considering RT-PCR as the reference standard. Results: A total of 400 cases were evaluated. Two hundred sixty-eight patients with a clinical suspicion of COVID-19 had a positive RT-PCR. The mean duration of symptoms was 5.5 ± 3.4 (range, 1–21 days). The mean CO-RADS and CT-SS scores were 3.7 ± 1.4 (range, 1–5) and 9.1 ± 7.5 (range, 0–28), respectively. Air leaks, including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and surgical emphysema, were observed in six cases. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of CO-RADS was 93.8, 80, 90.7, 92.1, and 90%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of CT-SS were 95, 76, 86, 89, and 85%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for CO-RADS was 0.943 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.909–0.976, P < 0.001] and AUC for CT-SS was 0.877 (95% CI, 0.821–0.933, P < 0.001), respectively. The cut-off values of CT-SS and CO-RADS were 7.1 and 4.2, respectively. Conclusion: Both scoring systems had good sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in comparison to RT-PCR test to diagnose COVID-19 infection.
Comparative evaluation of different oil pulling agents and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to full-mouth scaling and root planing in plaque-induced gingivitis: A single-blind randomized control trial
Authors: Bhalerao Pallavi Vilas , Bacchav Triveni Ashok Kale , Mahale Swanpa Arunkumar , Agrawal Amit Arvind , Sethi Kunal , Seth Tejashvi Ashok
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Oil pulling is old Indian natural daily practice which has been written in Ayurveda texts such as Charak and Sushruta Samhita. The act of swishing oil around the mouth removes microbes. Therefore, oil pulling reduces plaque-induced gingivitis. Naturally occurring products like coconut oil and sesame oil are enriched with antimicrobial activity. These oils are cheaper and easily available. Therefore, the aim of this article is to compare the efficacy of coconut, sesame oil, and chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis.

Aim and Objectives:

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of coconut oil sesame oil and chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to SRP in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty patients of plaque-induced gingivitis were randomly divided into four groups: SRP, coconut oil, sesame oil, and chlorhexidine mouthwash. Clinical measurements included plaque index, gingival index (GI), and simplified oral hygiene index at baseline, 7 days, 15 days, 1 month, and 3 months. Microbial analysis was carried out.

Results:

There was a significant reduction in plaque and gingival scores from baseline to 3 months for the chlorhexidine group. Intragroup comparison shows a statistically significant reduction in plaque and GI.

Conclusion:

Oil pulling considers to affect microbes to treat plaque-induced gingivitis.
A comparative evaluation of adipokine VASPIN in female obese and non-obese subjects with periodontitis and health
Authors: Shilpa Akula , Prasanna Jammula Surya
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Periodontitis and obesity are major health hazards. Adiposity stimulates cytokines which aggravate periodontitis. To balance this body secretes an anti-inflammatory adipokine-like visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (VASPIN).

Aims and Objectives:

The study aimed to assess serum VASPIN levels in females with and without periodontitis, categorized by obesity status.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty female subjects with the age range of 35–44 years were included in this observational study. All have been categorized into four groups, 20 in each group. The division was based on the body mass index (BMI) and Russell's Periodontal Index (PI). Group I-with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; without PD (non-obese without PD) Group II-with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2; with PD (non-obese with PD). Group III -with BMI ≥30 kg/m2; without PD (obese without PD).Group IV with BMI ≥30 kg/m2; with PD (Obese with PD).

Statistics Used:

Serum VASPIN levels were compared in all the groups. Among the groups were analyzed with ANOVA, Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variances, and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons.

Results:

When VASPIN and BMI were correlated, higher levels were found in Group II, followed by Groups IV, III, and I. Serum VASPIN levels among the groups were statistically significant P < 0.0001.

Conclusion:

Serum VASPIN can be used for predicting the progression of periodontal inflammation associated with obesity and also can act as a good biomarker for the initial stages of obesity.
Cytomorphometric analysis: A possible adjunct for age estimation
Authors: Sree K. Sangeetha , Shyam N. D. V. N. , Kumar G. Kiran , Narayen Vaishali , Konda Paremala , Fatima Fiza
Published: January 2024

Background:

Age estimation plays a crucial role in identifying an unknown individual in the event of any mass disaster or crime. One of the important noninvasive procedures that may have an impact on determining an individual's age is exfoliative cytology.

Aim and Objective:

Exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were used in the study to determine the participant's age by assessing the changes in nuclear diameter (ND), nuclear–cytoplasmic (N: C) ratio, and cell diameter (CD).

Materials and Methods:

With the help of a moistened wooden spatula and a light scraping motion, buccal smears were taken from 100 healthy and normal individuals across various age groups. The samples were then preserved with 95% ethanol and stained using ultrafast Papanicolaou stain. Cell and nuclear diameter were measured for each of these cells using the ImageJ software, and N: C was calculated from the two parameters. The N: C was calculated from CD and ND for each subject. One-way ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

A significant difference in the diameter of cell and nucleus with the individual's age (P < 0.05) was noticed. The N: C ratio reduces with increasing age but is not consistent.

Conclusion:

Buccal smears show age-related alterations that could be utilized as an effective tool for age estimation.
Attitudes of general dental practitioners toward preventive approach in pediatric patients: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Halder Sonali , Pal Shubhabrata , Mukhopadhyay Santanu
Published: January 2024

Objective:

This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the attitudes and practices of general dental practitioners regarding a preventive approach in pediatric patients.

Methods:

This cross-sectional survey involved 279 general dental practitioners and employed a structured questionnaire comprising multiple items to assess their attitudes and practices related to a preventive approach in pediatric patients and data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests.

Results:

The survey revealed that 60.1% of pediatric patients visited the clinic frequently and 71.0% were treated directly by the dentists. A preventive approach was common (69.2%) among practitioners. Prescription practices showed that 57.1% of dentists prescribed a specified amount of fluoridated toothpaste and 62.5% preferred fluoride gel over varnish. Nonfluoride remineralizing agents were preferred by 60.0% of dentists. Glass ionomer cement (66.7%) was preferred for pit fissure sealant applications.

Conclusion:

The survey indicates that general dental practitioners have a positive attitude toward preventive care in pediatric patients. However, further education and knowledge dissemination are needed to enhance their understanding and confidence.
How appropriate are referral letters written by school principals to a learning disability clinic? A retrospective audit
Authors: Karande S , Rajiv D
Published: January 2024

This retrospective study analyzed the quality of 1069 referral letters written by school principals to our learning disability clinic. Utilizing a self-devised checklist having four domains (with 26 items), the audit revealed that in only nine (34.6%) items, the necessary information was available in >90% of referral letters.
Enhanced phylogenetic insights into the microbiome of chronic rhinosinusitis through the novel application of long read 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing
Authors: Connell J T , Yeo K , Bouras G , Bassiouni A , Fenix K , Cooksley C , Vreugde S , Wormald P J , Psaltis A J
Published: January 2024

Introduction: 16S rRNA next generation sequencing (NGS) has been the de facto standard of microbiome profiling. A limitation of this technology is the inability to accurately assign taxonomy to a species order. Long read 16S sequencing platforms, including Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), have the potential to overcome this limitation. The paranasal sinuses are an ideal niche to apply this technology, being a low biomass environment where bacteria are implicated in disease propagation. Characterising the microbiome to a species order may offer new pathophysiological insights. Methodology: Cohort series comparing ONT and NGS biological conclusions. Swabs obtained endoscopically from the middle meatus of 61 CRSwNP patients underwent DNA extraction, amplification and dual sequencing (Illumina Miseq (NGS) and ONT GridION). Agreement, relative abundance, prevalence, and culture correlations were compared. Results: Mean microbiome agreement between sequencers was 61.4%. Mean abundance correlations were strongest at a familial/genus order and declined at a species order where NGS lacked resolution. The most significant discrepancies applied to Corynebacterium and Cutibacterium, which were estimated in lower abundance by ONT. ONT accurately identified 84.2% of cultured species, which was significantly higher than NGS. Conclusions: ONT demonstrated superior resolution and culture correlations to NGS, but underestimated core sinonasal taxa. Future application and optimisation of this technology can advance our understanding of the sinonasal microenvironment.
Teledermatology to Improve Access to and Quality of Skin Care in Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Adella Fidelis J. , Ammah Hapu , Siregar Gladys O. , Harianja Maria , Sundari Evivana S. , Sagara Rahmat , Tarino Nicolas , Hamers Raph L. , Bøgh Claus , Soebono Hardyanto , Grijsen Marlous L.
Published: January 2024

Skin diseases are a major public health concern in Indonesia, although access to specialized care in remote areas is limited. We initiated a low-cost teledermatology service in Sumba, a remote island in eastern Indonesia. Eighteen healthcare workers (HCWs) at five primary healthcare centers received training to manage common skin diseases and submit clinical cases beyond their expertise to an online platform. Submitted cases were reviewed by at least one dermatologist. Diagnostic agreement between HCWs and dermatologists was calculated. The HCWs participated in a satisfaction survey 2 years after project initiation. Since October 2020, of 10,384 patients presenting with skin complaints in a 24-month period, 307 (3%) were submitted for a teledermatology consultation. The most frequent skin diseases were infections and infestations (n = 162, 52.8%) and eczematous (85, 27.7%) and inflammatory (17, 5.5%) conditions. Fifty-three patients (17.3%) were diagnosed with a neglected tropical skin disease, including leprosy and scabies. Dermatologist advice was provided within a median of 50 minutes (interquartile range, 18–255 minutes), with 91.9% of consultations occurring within 24 hours. The diagnostic agreement level between HCWs and dermatologists significantly improved over time, from 46.9% in the first 6-month period (κ = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.37–0.54) to 77.2% in the last 6-month period (κ = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67–0.86; global P < 0.001). The HCWs reported that the teledermatology service was extremely/very useful in supporting daily practice (100%) and improved their knowledge of skin diseases tremendously/a lot (92%). Teledermatology can improve accessibility and quality of skin services in medically underserved areas, providing opportunities for scalability and knowledge transfer to frontline HCWs.
Etiologies of Mild and Moderate Diarrheal Illness among Children in Consuelo, Dominican Republic
Authors: Japa Ingrid , Ahmed Derartu , Fernandez Anabel , Alvarez Angie , Japa Shirley Sabino , Cordero Ramona , Acosta Francia , Steenhoff Andrew P. , Lowenthal Elizabeth D.
Published: January 2024

Since the rotavirus vaccine was included in the Dominican Republic’s national immunization schedule in 2012, the microbiologic etiologies of acute gastroenteritis have not been described. This study aimed to determine the contribution of rotavirus as an etiology of acute gastroenteritis over a 12-month period in children under 5 years of age in both an inpatient and an outpatient setting in Consuelo, Dominican Republic. All children who were seen at Niños Primeros en Salud clinic or admitted to Hospital Municipal Dr. Angel Ponce Pinedo for acute gastroenteritis during January 2021–April 2022 were enrolled in the study. Stools were evaluated for rotavirus, enteric parasites, and pathogenic bacteria. Pathogen detection was compared between outpatients and inpatients and on the basis of child’s vaccination status. From 181 children enrolled, 170 stool samples were collected, 28 (16.5%) from inpatients and 142 (83.5%) from outpatients. Rotavirus was the most commonly detected pathogen and was proportionately more common among hospitalized children, with nine (32.1%) cases among hospitalized children and 16 (11.3%) among outpatient children. (Pearson χ2 = 8.1, P = 0.004). Among patients with a positive rotavirus result, vaccination rate was lower among moderate (hospitalized) (three of six; 50%) compared with mild (outpatient) diarrhea patients (12 of 15; 80%). Giardia lamblia (10%) was the next most prevalent pathogen detected in both inpatients and outpatients using standard laboratory measures. Despite the availability of rotavirus vaccination, rotavirus remains a common cause of gastrointestinal illness among children under 5 years of age in our cohort. Incomplete vaccination status was associated with hospitalization for gastrointestinal illness.
The effect of agricultural credit on cassava output and yield in nigeria.
Authors: Victoria Alabi Timileyin , Eyitayo Oguntade Adegboyega , Adeolu Alabi Reuben
Published: January 2024

The broad objective of this study is the analysis of the long and short run effects of agricultural credit on cassava yield in Nigeria. The study applied descriptive statistics and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) econometric) approach to the secondary data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and FAOSTAT. The descriptive analysis shows that cassava output was increasing in Nigeria with decreasing trend in yield. It was revealed in the study that Roots and Tubers Expansion Programme (RTEP) has no significant effect on cassava production and yield. The result of the econometric analysis indicates that agricultural credit do not have significant long and short-run effects on cassava production and yield. This is because the real per capita agricultural credit is small. However, study indicates that fertilizer has long and short-run effects on cassava output but does not have a significant effect on cassava yield. This study also documented evidence of declined labour and land productivity on the long and short-run. The study reveals that ecessive rainfall can be detrimental to cassava production in the long and short-run. The study concludes that although, agricultural credit do not have significant long and short-run effects on cassava production and yield, it is positively correlated with agricultural inputs used in cassava production. The study recommended the need to address the decline in the real value of per capita credit by increasing the amount of credit given to the farmers. There is also the need to design more credit facilities suitable to the farmers. The current Anchor Borrowers programme should be designed to accommodate more resource-poor cassava farmers.
Persepsi Peserta Didik Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Miskiah Siti , Siregar Ahmad Munawir , Isyam
Published: January 2024

Persepsi peserta didik terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia di sekolah Madrasah Aliyah merupakan hal yang fundamental dalam proses belajar mengajar, mendidik peserta didik MAN. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pelanggaran HAM terhadap peserta didik, ketentuan  HAM dan mengaplikasikan ketentuan hak asasi manusia tersebut dalam pergaulan di MAN. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yaitu mendeskripsikan suatu pemahaman terhadap pelanggaran HAM di lingkungan Pendidikan dengan menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan yang dilaksanakan di sekolah MAN di wilayah daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui peninjauan lapangan dan wawancara. Dengan observasi ini, peneliti mendapatkan persepsi peserta didik terhadap pelanggaran HAM dalam dunia pendidikan Sekolah MAN adalah dengan paktek non-diskriminasi terhadap semua peserta didik. Tenaga kependidikan telah melakukan proses nilai-nilai hak dasar individu pada peserta didik melalui pembelajaran dengan baik, tenaga kependidikan sudah memberikan kepada peserta didik dengan pendidikan yang baik, perhatian kepada peserta didik, memfasilitasi pembelajaran, dan peduli. Peran tenaga pendidik terhadap pencegahan pelanggaran HAM di lingkungan peserta didik adalah melalui materi-materi pembelajaran yang mencakup nilai-nilai hak asasi manusia terutama dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan yang diharapkan peserta didik dapat menerapkan nilai pancasila dalam kehidupan.
Tinjauan Tata Kelola dan Praktik Monopoli Badan Usaha Milik Negara Dalam Perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha
Authors: Yanto Andri , Hikmah Faidatul , Nugroho Sigit , Firmansyah Didi
Published: January 2024

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi pengaturan terkait dengan kewenangan monopoli oleh BUMN sebagai bagian integral dari proyeksi pembangunan kesejahteraan ekonomi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan, penelitian ini berfokus pada latar belakang, dasar hukum, implementasi, dan kelemahan dari praktik monopoli oleh BUMN, terutama dalam skema persaingan usaha. Hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa BUMN merupakan perpanjangan tangan pemerintah dalam mengelola sumberdaya dan sektor- ekonomi strategis yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak. Pemberian kewenangan monopoli diorientasikan guna memperkuat kapabilitas BUMN untuk berkompetisi dan mendominasi sektor ekonomi yang penting, meningkatkan penerimaan negara, serta memberi surplus bagi pembangunan nasional. Kendati demikian, pelaksanaan monopoli oleh BUMN masih menemui sejumlah tantangan, diantaranya adalah kurang efektifnya manajemen BUMN yang menyebabkan kerugian dan keuntungan tidak maksimal, serta hambatan bagi perusahaan swasta untuk berkembang dan berkompetisi di Indoneisa. Monopoli yang dijalankan secara tidak efektif menyebabkan stagnasi atau degradasi penerimaan negara, serta membatasi jumlah investasi akibat tidak terdapat ruang kompetisi yang proporsional. Dengan demikian, formulasi perbaikan tata kelola BUMN dan pengaturan monopoli menjadi aspek fundamental guna perbaikan pengelolaan sumber-sumber ekonomi strategis di Indonesia.
Lesson Study no Programa de Residência Pedagógica: desenvolvimento do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo de futuros professores de matemática
Authors: Fonçatti Maria Cecília , Miotto Morelatti Maria Raquel
Published: January 2024

Este artigo visa analisar as implicações do uso do Lesson Study, contexto formativo baseado na colaboração e reflexão de professores, para a promoção do desenvolvimento do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo dos futuros professores de matemática, bolsistas do Programa de Residência Pedagógica (RP) da CAPES, vinculados à FCT/UNESP. A pesquisa teve como participantes dois professores preceptores da escola parceira, a coordenadora do RP e 16 bolsistas divididos em dois grupos. Os grupos realizaram ciclos do Lesson Study no segundo semestre de 2019: as aulas foram planejadas, aplicadas em uma escola estadual e foram feitas discussões e reflexões sobre elas na universidade, reelaborando-as e reaplicando-as duas vezes. Observou-se o desenvolvimento do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo além de outras aprendizagens docentes já relatadas por pesquisas sobre o Lesson na formação continuada. Essa vivência proporcionou aos licenciandos uma experiência diferenciada do estágio, unindo teoria e prática e aproximando escola e universidade.