bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Gestão da Educação Infantil em 12 Municípios Paulistas
Authors: Correa Bianca Cristina
Published: April 2018

O trabalho apresenta dados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo geral é analisar como se organiza a gestão da Educação Infantil (EI) e suas relações com a qualidade. Para tanto, foram aplicados questionários em 12 municípios que compõem uma microrregião paulista. Tais questionários visavam ao conhecimento da estrutura das Secretarias ou Departamentos de Educação e das unidades de EI em cada município. Foram analisados, ainda, dados sobre os Estatutos do Magistério e Planos de Carreira, bem como sobre o Conselho Municipal de Educação. Os resultados nos mostraram: estruturas frágeis; número insuficiente de profissionais nas unidades de EI; desconhecimento de dados fundamentais para planejar a ampliação da oferta de vagas; relações de mando e submissão; desigualdades em termos de remuneração e jornadas; permanência de contratação de “outros” profissionais, e não de docentes, para atuar com as crianças.
A Educação Pública e as Corporações: avanços e contradições em uma década de ampliação de investimento no Brasil
Authors: Adrião Theresa , Domiciano Cassia Alessandra
Published: April 2018

Com base em pesquisas a fontes primárias e secundárias, o texto busca contribuir para a reflexão crítica sobre opções de políticas governamentais que implicaram na ampliação da simbiose entre governos e segmentos do setor privado corporativo ou a este associado. Para efeito desse intento, considera-se a destinação de recursos federais no período de 2002 a 2014, quando se ampliaram os gastos com a educação em relação ao PIB e o período de escolaridade obrigatória, paralelamente ao fortalecimento da “filantropia de risco” e de corporações na prestação de serviços aos sistemas públicos de ensino. Tratando-se de trabalho de natureza exploratória, os dados levantados apontam para a necessidade de pesquisas mais detalhadas sobre o repasse de fundos públicos para o setor privado.
SOFT POWER CONCEPT IN FOREIGN POLICY: RUSSIAN VIEW
Authors: Oleksin Y.
Published: April 2018

The article looks into the soft power phenomenon in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation, determines measure of its influence in the adjacent regions and the opportunities for its use for implementation of Russia’s geopolitical objectives. Particular attention is dedicated to the analysis of the structure of soft power as it is viewed and applied by Russia, which allows to draw conclusions about the appropriateness of using the term ‘soft power’ for defining the part of Russia’s foreign policy and to establish the correlation between the conditions for applying soft power and its substance by comparing peculiarities of the influence of softpower in different countries.
Based on the characteristics of the original concept of soft power the article justifies the expediency of the use of the term ‘soft power’ with regard to Russia’s foreign policy; on these grounds the articles determines the difference of soft power as an integral part of Russia’s policy and the original concept, that allows to outline the structure of influence and determine the conditions for effective use of soft power instruments in Russia’s foreign policy.
Joke as Narrative Text and Instrument for Developing an Understanding of Interpersonal Relationships
Authors: Elfimova M.M.
Published: April 2018

Not every instrument involved in professional or everyday interaction with others allows one to move in the zone of proximal development in a communicative partnership. Despite a wide range of such work tools, for the most part they are of directive, expert format. The need to find psychotechnic means adequate to cooperative relations draws our attention to comic instruments (humor), namely to one of its forms – joke. Bringing joke into our communication with others appears a kind of tactics that allows partners to make certain statements about necessary things or actions from equal positions, without restricting each other’s freedom, making their intensions, values and meanings clear, while retaining an opportunity to correct their judgments and actions. Explanatory opportunities of the cultural-historical concept and narrative approach in psychology, as well as the ideas incorporated in the method of stage-by-stage formation of action, allow us to consider joke as a means of narrative understanding of the interpersonal relationships.
The Challenges of Adapting a Questionnaire to a New Cultural Context: The Case of Studying Group-Based Guilt and Shame in Russia
Authors: Grigoryan L.K. , Khaptsova A.A. , Poluektova O.V.
Published: April 2018

With the majority of social-psychological research still being conducted in Western countries, researchers from non-Western countries often adopt existing theories, constructs, and instruments that are not necessarily applicable to the contexts they are interested in. This paper discusses problems that might arise when transferring psychological constructs and instruments from one cultural setting to another. We use the case of a study of group-based guilt and shame in Russia that was carried out by the research team. First, we briefly discuss the original study and the problems we encountered while conducting it. We then analyze the results of eight in-depth semi-structured interviews that followed up the original study. Finally, we conduct a thematic analysis of Facebook commentaries (N=98) that participants left after filling out the original questionnaire. Based on these analyses, we suggest a checklist for researchers who plan to study a psychological construct that wasn’t studied in a given cultural context before. With this paper, we hope to highlight the importance of thorough and comprehensive adaptation of psychological constructs and instruments to new cultural settings.
A Numerical Approach for Modeling of Turbulent Newtonian Fluid Flow in Eccentric Annulus
Authors: ÜLKER Erman , KORKUT UYSAL Sıla Övgü , SORGUN Mehmet
Published: April 2018

Turbulent flow is a
complicated process that frequently appears not only in nature but also in
engineering applications. Numerical methods frequently are used to solve
turbulent flow problems due to the trouble in solving Navier-Stokes
equations.  Navier-Stokes equations including inner pipe rotation
effect are solved via two different numerical techniques. The efficiency of the
proposed numerical technique is compared with the obtained solutions of
Newton-Raphson method. The proposed method is computationally expensive,
however, it may allow tackling the non-linearity of challenging problems in
hydraulics. A mechanistic model including proposed numerical method is also
developed in order to predict pressure gradient for fully developed turbulent
flow through fully eccentric horizontal annulus including pipe rotation. The
computational frameworks are developed in MATLAB. Mathematical model is
confirmed by the experimental study, which is conducted in Izmir Katip Celebi
University.  Results show that
computational fluid model is a capable of estimating frictional pressure
gradient with an error of less than 14 %.
ANALISA BISNIS EKONOMI KREATIF ELEKTOR PARIWISATA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK (STUDI KASUS PADA PELAKU BISNIS EKONOMI KREATIF DI MALANG)
Authors: Susyanti Jeni
Published: April 2018

This study purpose is analysis of creative economy businesses actor of tourism sector in order to fulfill their tax compliance. This study uses a descriptive research approach. Populations are 46 creative economy businesses actor of tourism sector in Malang city. Because the population is relatively small, all population becomes samples. The collected data is analyzed through three stages: data reduction, data display and conclusions. Research results show that: (1) creative economy businesses actors of tourism sector in Malang city have most problems to sell goods on credit. In addition, most of employees can not make taxation administration. (2) most of creative economy businesses actor of tourism sector in Malang city aware to tax compliance. However, they can not fulfill tax obligations (low awareness level in taxation fulfillment).
The assessment of anterior segment parameters using the Sirius topography in adults with anisohypermetropic amblyopia
Authors: KARAMAN ERDUR Sevil , DİKKAYA Funda , DEMİRCİ Göktuğ , ÖZSÜTÇÜ Mustafa , AYDIN Rukiye , ELİAÇIK Mustafa , KOCABORA Mehmet Selim
Published: April 2018

Aim: To evaluate anterior segment parameters in the eyes of adults with anisohypermetropic amblyopia using the Sirius topography device.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients with anisohypermetropic amblyopia were prospectively evaluated along with a control group of 45 healthy patients. All patients were examined with the Sirius topography system under cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic conditions. The anterior and posterior mean keratometry values, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal volume (CV), and anterior chamber volume (ACV) measurements were compared among groups.Results: No significant difference was found in the anterior and posterior mean keratometry values, CCT, ACD, CV, and ACV measurements between amblyopic, fellow, and control eyes under cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic conditions (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study shows that the anterior segment parameters measured by the Sirius topography device among amblyopic, fellow, and control eyes do not differ under both cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic conditions.
Glukoz metabolizma bozukluklarında subklinik aterosklerozun değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AYDIN Elçin , ALTIN Cihan , EMRE Sinan , AĞILDERE Muhteşem , TEKİNDAL Mustafa Agah
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Diyabet (D) ve prediyabette (PD) vasküler yapıların ve gözün etkilenmesi bilinen bir komplikasyondur. Çalışmamızda PD ve D hastalarında damarsal yapılardaki değişiklikleri karotis intima-media kalınlığı (KIMK) ve epikardiyal yağ kalınlığı (EYK) ölçerek ateroskleroz gelişim riski açısından, gözde ise optik koherens tomografi anjiografi (OKTA) kullanarak retinal ve koroidal vasküler değişiklikler açısından sunmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda Mayıs 2017- Haziran 2017 tarih aralığındaki laboratuar verilerine göre prediyabet ve diyabet tanısı alan hastalarda KIMK, EYK ölçümü ile ateroskleroz riski ve OKTA tekniği ile retinal ve koroidal vasküler değişiklikler; 19 prediyabetik, 12 diyabetik olguda, hastaların yaşı ve cinsiyeti benzer olan 31 normal kan şekeri seviyesine sahip bilinen koroner arter hastalığı olmayan kontrol (K) grubu ile karşılaştırılarak kaydedildi.Bulgular: Diyabetik 12 hasta (7 kadın, 5 erkek, ortalama yaş 54.2±6.2), PD 19 hasta (ortalama yaş 51±8.6, 11 kadın, 8 erkek) ve 31 K grubu (ortalama yaş 50,9±11.2, 18 kadın, 13 erkek) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. KIMK en yüksek diyabetli hastalarda, daha sonra PD ve en az miktarda kontrol hastalarında bulunmuştur. EYK'de gruplar arası farklılık ayırtedilmedi. OKTA verilerine göre en sık bulgu non-perfüzyon, FAZ (foveal avaskuler zon) erozyonu ve venöz göllenme olup en fazla diyabetli hastalarda, sonra PD ve en az K grubunda izlenmiştir.Sonuç: Subklinik aterosklerozun belirteçleri olan KIMK ve EFT’ye ek olarak retinal vasküler hastalıkların OKTA ile girişimsel olmayan yöntemlerle değerlendirmesinde glukoz metabolizması bozukluğu olan hastaların risk değerlendirilmesinde katkı sağlayacaktır.
A Narrative of Controversy: Orhan Pamuk’s Snow
Authors: GÖNCÜOĞLU M. Önder
Published: April 2018

Nobel Prize laureate Orhan Pamuk’s novel Snow (2002), which local scholars argue that it takes its name from
‘karsu’ (snow-water), takes place in
Kars[1], a
city located on the north-eastern border of Turkey. As a borderline city, it
stands as the nexus of distinguished civilisations, such as that of Armenians,
Russians, and Ottomans; and bears the traces of several ethnic, cultural, and
political characteristics of diverse identities. Snow represents modernist Turkey’s political, cultural, and
religious turmoil experienced in the late twentieth century. The novel depicts
the city of Kars as a witness to deep-seated conflicting political views and
social values. The concepts of secularism, nationalism, and the
Islamic Revival, including experiences of poverty that have been felt,
unemployment, and suicide are all inscribed within the plot of this provocative
novel. Hence, depicted concepts and felt experiences stir up much controversy
among critics who explore Pamuk’s intention to understand the reasons why he
might have thematised such problematic issues. However, Pamuk’s elaboration of
a political issue in Snow seems to
have been misconceived through political standpoints minimizing his artistic
ability to solely a political gaze. In this respect, I will explore and discuss
Pamuk’s Snow as a polyphonic novel
inviting its readers to contemplate both the question of ‘the other’ and the
dangers of radicalism rather than as a novel supporting a certain political
group.

[1] Referring to
McGaha, Bazarkaya argues that “Kars is a shortened version of the Turkish
Kar-su (“Snow Water”). Pamuk originally intended to title his novel Kars but
later, concerned that it might be mistaken for a guidebook or a history of the
city, changed it to Kar. The later title was more appropriate anyway, because
snow is the novel’s central, all-pervasive metaphor” (2015: 50)
Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Öğrencilerinin Mekân Kavramına İlişkin Metaforik Algıları
Authors: BEYOĞLU Aylin , ERGİN Demirali Y.
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Üniversite Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü öğrencilerinin mekân kavramına yönelik metaforik algılarını karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Resim-İş Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı ve Müzik Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı öğrencileri tarafından mekân kavramının hangi metaforlar aracılığıyla algılanmakta olduğu, öğrencilerin metaforik algıları arasında ve bu metaforlar bakımından cinsiyet, yaş gibi bazı demografik özelliklerine göre benzerlik ve farklılık olup olmadığı karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı-yapılandırılmış anket formu kullanılmıştır. Form, demografik değişkenler ve katılımcıların "Mekân …gibidir, çünkü…" cümlesini tamamlamaları istenen iki ayrı bölümden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler, öğrencilerin mekân kavramı ile ilgili yazılı açıklamalarından elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden “olgu bilim” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler öncelikle frekans ve yüzde tabloları halinde özetlenmiştir. Mekân kavramına yönelik algıları arasındaki ilişkiler ile bu algıların demografik özelliklere göre benzerlik veya farklılıkları olup olmadığı analiz edilmiştir.  Toplanan verilerin analiz edilmesi ve yorumlanmasında metaforik içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini; 2016-2017 akademik yılının ikinci yarısında Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Resim-İş Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı ve Müzik Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı’nın tüm öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü öğrencilerinin mekân kavramına ilişkin geliştirdikleri kategoriler karşılaştırılmıştır ve sonuç bölümü oluşturulmuştur. Bu araştırmada elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Resim-İş Öğretmenliği öğrencilerinin mekân kavramını nesne olarak görürken, Müzik Öğretmenliği öğrencilerinin ise fiziki yapı olarak gördükleri tespit edilmiştir.
Bir Anti-Masal Örneği Olarak Cam Ayakkabıları Reddeden Vejetaryen Külkedisi
Authors: Asutay Hikmet , AGVAN Özlem
Published: April 2018

Ele aldığı gerçek dışı olayları olağanüstü
özelliklere sahip kahramanlar aracılığı ile yer ve zaman belirsizliğinde
aktaran bir sözlü gelenek türü olarak ortaya çıkan masallar, bir kültürün özünü gösteren önemli edebi tür
olarak karşımıza çıkar. Masalların kültür temsilcisi rolünün yanında,  kahraman betimlemeleri ve oluşturdukları
söylem bütünlüğü ile ideoloji aktarıcısı olarak çocukların erken yaşta
toplumsal yapıya uyumlu bireyler olarak şekillenmesinde önemli rol üstlenir. Geleneksel masalların; dominant ideolojinin ve
toplumun temel dinamiklerinin gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması amacıyla
kurgulandığı ve mitsel ögelerle barındırdıkları alt metinleri nesiller boyu bir
baskı aracına dönüştürdüğü iddiası ile masalların bu alt metinlerden
arındırılması gerektiğini savunan, çocuklara birey olarak yaklaşan ve de
onların zihinsel gelişimini destekleme amacı edinmiş Anti Masal veya Karşı
Masal olarak adlandırılan yeni bir masal anlayışı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu
çalışmada, toplum cinsiyet algısının eril bir düzlemde yeniden şekillenmesinde
ve aktarılmasında önemli bir yere sahip popüler masal örneklerinden biri olan
Grimm Kardeşler’in “Külkedisi” ile erkek iktidarını reddetmiş, kadının
özgürlüğünü öne çıkaran Anti-Külkedisi masallarından Nunila Lopez’in yazın
hayatına kattığı “Vejetaryen Külkedisi” feminist masal eleştirisi bakış
açısıyla incelenecektir. Çalışmada hemen hemen herkes tarafından bilinen Grimm Kardeşler’in
“Külkedisi” masalının seçilmesindeki başlıca nedeni; masalda kadının öteki
cinsiyet olarak tanımlanması ve bu ideolojinin yıllardır bu ve buna benzer
masallar aracılığı ile yeniden üretilmesidir. Özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci
yarısından sonra gelişen feminist masal eleştirinin ilk harekete geçtiği alan;
masallarda hangi kadın modelleri üretildiğini araştırmaktır, bu bakış açısından
yola çıkan Lopez evliliğin kadının tek yazgısı olmadığını göstermek, bir
kurtarıcı erkek olmadan kendi hayatın sorumluluğunu üstlenen kadın modeli
yaratmak için; artık Külkedisi’ni uyandırmak için kalemini oynatmıştır.
Über die Historisierung in Anna Seghers’ "Das siebte Kreuz"
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Burcu
Published: April 2018

In Anna Seghers’ Roman Das siebte Kreuz (1942) wird die Gesellschaft des ,Dritten Reiches’ dargestellt. Anna Seghers, deren Bedeutung für die Exilliteratur unbestreitbar ist, kombiniert in ihrem Roman Das siebte Kreuz Fakten und Fiktionen mit Symbolen, um den Nationalsozialismus zu beschreiben. Im Grunde erzählt Anna Seghers im Siebten Kreuz den kulturellen und historischen Prozess der Menschheit. Auf diese Weise kommt im Text etwas zustande, das als Historisierung bezeichnet werden kann. Im Roman erscheint Geschichte als ein endloser Prozess von Gewalt, in dem es immer Sieger und Besiegte gibt, oder anders ausgedrückt: in dem Sieger immer irgendwann zu Besiegten werden. Durch die Variante der Historisierung aber gewinnt das Problem, das Seghers darstellt, eine universale Dimension; durch die Zahlensymbolik und die Symbolik des Kreuzes wird dies nurmehr unterstrichen. Deshalb kommt dem Phänomen Historisierung eine so wichtige Bedeutung zu. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, dieses Phänomen näher zu beleuchten. Daher soll zunächst das Verhältnis von Fiktionalität und Faktualität in Das siebte Kreuz geklärt und dann die Symbolik des Romans erläutert werden. Im dritten Schritt ist die im Text zur Anschauung gelangende Historisierung zu analysieren. Die Untersuchung wird einen im weitesten Sinne hermeneutischen Ansatz verfolgen, um so die vielfältigen zeitgeschichtlichen Bezüge von Das siebte Kreuz angemessen einzuordnen. Am Ende dieser Untersuchung lässt sich zeigen, dass die Historisierung in diesem Roman vor allem ein Mittel ist, um die Universalität bestimmter Themen sichtbar zu machen.
Fransız Besteci Maurıce Ravel’in Kurmaca ve Gerçeklik Arasında Gidip Gelen Yaşam Öyküsü: Jean Echenoz’un Ravel’i
Authors: KARTAL GÜNGÖR Tülin
Published: April 2018

Yaşamöyküsü, sanat ve yazın tarihi boyunca hem anlatı türü olma özelliği hem de sinema, tiyatro gibi farklı sanat dallarına uygulanabilirliği açısından etkili anlatı türlerinden biri olmuştur. Ancak tarih, sanat hatta bilim gibi birçok kavramın gerçekliğinin sorgulandığı postmodern çağda, yaşamöyküsünün gerçek ve kurgu arasında gidip gelen belirsiz bir alana doğru evirildiği görülür. Yapıtlarında genellikle polisiye, macera ve kara roman gibi türleri tek bir potada eriterek melez bir tür ortaya koyan çağdaş Fransız edebiyatı yazarlarından Jean Echenoz, ünlü besteci Maurice Ravel'in yaşamından yola çıkarak yazdığı Ravel adlı romanla birlikte kurmaca yaşam öykülerine yönelir ve iki yıl arayla üç kurmaca yaşam öyküsü yayımlar. Echenoz, müzisyen Ravel’in yaşamına dair birçok unsura yer verdiği Ravel adlı romanda, sanatçının kişiliği ile özdeşleşmiş pek çok özelliği aktarır: Ravel’in çok sigara içmesi, uykusuzlukları, aşırı detaycılığı, kıyafetlerine gösterdiği özen, deniz aşırı ülkelere yaptığı seyahatler, ilişkileri, geçirdiği trafik kazası ve rahatsızlıkları.Yazar, ünlü besteci Ravel'in yaşamına dair bazı gerçek unsurları kullanmasına rağmen, bu yapıtın pek çok kurgusal özellik barındırdığını belirtmek gerekir. Bu çalışmada, Jean Echenoz'un Ravel adlı yapıtında ünlü besteci Maurice Ravel'i nasıl yansıttığı, yazarın, gerçek ile kurgu arasındaki ince çizgiyi korumaya çalışarak nasıl bir kurmaca yapıt ortaya koyduğu incelenmiştir. Geleneksel yaşamöyküsü ve kurmaca yaşamöyküsü arasındaki farklara dikkat çekilen ve karşılaştırmalı bir yaklaşımla ele alınan çalışma, yazarın romanının yapısını nasıl kahramanın kişilik özellikleriyle bütünleştirdiğini göstermesi açısından ilginçtir.
Exploiter l'écoute d'un message publicitaire audiovisuel : vers le développement de la pensée critique des élèves
Authors: Sénéchal Kathleen
Published: April 2018

Dans le cadre de notre recherche doctorale, nous avons mené une ingénierie didactique collaborative en vue de l'élaboration, de l'expérimentation et de la validation d'une séquence didactique (Dolz & Schneuwly, 1998) portant sur l'exposé critique en 4e secondaire. Considérant que les adolescents sont quotidiennement exposés aux médias audiovisuels, nous avons choisi de faire porter cette critique sur l'écoute d'un message publicitaire, dont nous avons transposé l'une des caractéristiques textuelles, les stratégies publicitaires, dans la séquence didactique en question. Cette contribution est donc l'occasion de se pencher sur l'enseignabilité des contenus de cette séquence qui sont en lien avec cette caractéristique ainsi que d'examiner les résultats de sa mise en œuvre en termes de gains d'apprentissage pour les élèves dans une perspective de développement et d'exercice de la pensée critique et, donc, des compétences en littératie.
Authors' dedicatory inscriptions on the books from the collection of Viktor Kolupaev, Tomsk science fiction and fantasy writer
Authors: Nikienko I. V.
Published: April 2018

The article presents the results of a complex analysis of dedicatory inscriptions on books gifted to Tomsk science fiction and fantasy writer Viktor Kolupaev by his colleagues. It is a great problem to estimate the informative value of inscriptions, while approaches to their research are disjointed, so the purpose of Kolupaev's inscripton corpus specification is the synthesis of various objective and subjective data, which are differently interpreted by bibliologists, historians of literature, sociologists and linguists. The study has shown that the authors' dedicatory inscriptions are the most informative for modeling an «almost real» recipient's image, inscriptor's rhetorical image, and a system of social relations in the writing community.
Biographical research in the context of interdisciplinary synthesis
Authors: Varganova G. V.
Published: April 2018

The article determines the role of biographical research in strengthening the scientific status of library-information science. The results of biographical research allows understanding the role and mission of the library science in frameworks of the world scientific view; determining its interrelations and cooperation with different disciplines; showing the historical dynamics in research topics, scientific ideals and standards, main mechanisms for obtaining new knowledge and possibilities for its application in practical activity in the library-information sphere. Biographical research permit to highlight the contribution of individual researchers and practitioners in developing the library-information science in different historical periods. Biographical researches are encouraged by national library associations and library schools as an instrument, which helps to predict future trends in the library-information science and practice and to overcome risks in their development at the national level. The main obstacles in carrying out biographical research are the following: the information science dynamics, the lack of financial resources and professional support, electivity of the library history course in library higher schools curricula, quantitative methodology non-possession, mistrust to results of biographical research. Interdisciplinary synthesis based on overcoming disciplinary boundaries allows applying the integral potentiality of different disciplines successfully. It is essentially the main instrument for planning research, identifying main problems and sub-problems, constructing and evaluating hypothesis and sources, designing databases, processing results, developing theoretical frameworks. The interdisciplinary synthesis helps to control main study phases of biographical research, particularly analysis and interpretation of data. It predetermines the necessity of using complementary scientific methods relevant to an investigating problem. The interdisciplinary and methodological synthesis should be considered as the basic factors for obtaining objectivity, validity and reliability of biographical research results.
Assessing the Contribution of Bioeconomy to the Total Economy: A Review of National Frameworks
Authors: Bracco Stefania , Calicioglu Ozgul , Gomez San Juan Marta , Flammini Alessandro
Published: April 2018

Developments in technology have enabled envisioning the derivation of materials and products from renewable biomass, as an alternative to finite fossil-based resource consumption. Therefore, bioeconomy is regarded as an opportunity for sustainable economic growth. Countries are formulating strategies in accordance with their goals to attain from bioeconomy. Proper measurement, monitoring and reporting of the outcomes of these strategies is crucial for long-term success. This study aims to critically evaluate the national methods used for the measurement, monitoring and reporting of bioeconomy contribution to the total economy. For this purpose, research and surveys have been conducted on selected countries (Argentina, Germany, Malaysia, the Netherlands, South Africa and the United States). The results reveal that the bioeconomy targets set up in the strategies often reflect country’s priorities and comparative advantages. However, comprehensive approaches to measure and monitor bioeconomy progress are frequently lacking. Most countries only measure the contribution to gross domestic product (GDP), turnover and employment of the sectors included in their bioeconomy definition, which may provide an incomplete picture. In addition, this study identifies the mismatch between the targets and measurement methods, as the environmental and social impacts of bioeconomy are often foreseen, but not measured. It is concluded that existing global efforts towards a sustainable bioeconomy monitoring can be strengthened and leveraged to measure progress towards sustainable goals.
Salts of Therapeutic Agents: Chemical, Physicochemical and Biological Considerations
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Bhatia Deepak , Dave Vivek , Sutariya Vijaykumar , Varghese Gupta Sheeba
Published: April 2018

Choice of the salts of therapeutic agents or active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is based on the physicochemical properties of API and the dosage form considerations. The appropriate salt can have positive effect on overall therapeutic and pharmaceutical effects of API. However, the incorrect salt form can negatively affect the overall pharmaceutical outcomes of the API. This review addresses various criteria for choosing appropriate salt form along with the effect of salt forms on API’s pharmaceutical properties. In addition to comprehensive review of the criteria, this review also gives a brief historic perspective of the salt selection process.
Antimalarial Activity of Plant Metabolites
Authors: Pan Wen-Hui , Xu Xin-Ya , Shi Ni , Tsang Siu Wai , Zhang Hong-Jie
Published: April 2018

Malaria, as a major global health problem, continues to affect a large number of people each year, especially those in the developing countries. Effective drug discovery is still one of the main efforts to control malaria. As natural products are still considered as a key source for discovery and development of therapeutic agents, we have evaluated more than 2000 plant extracts against Plasmodium falciparum. As a result, we discovered dozens of plant leads that displayed antimalarial activity. Our phytochemical study of some of these plant extracts led to identification of several potent antimalarial compounds. The prior comprehensive review article entitled “Antimalarial activity of plant metabolites” by Schwikkard and Van Heerden (2002) reported structures of plant-derived compounds with antiplasmodial activity and covered literature up to the year 2000. As a continuation of this effort, the present review covers the antimalarial compounds isolated from plants, including marine plants, reported in the literatures from 2001 to the end of 2017. During the span of the last 17 years, 175 antiplasmodial compounds were discovered from plants. These active compounds are organized in our review article according to their plant families. In addition, we also include ethnobotanical information of the antimalarial plants discussed.
The Value of Day-Ahead Coordination of Power and Natural Gas Network Operations
Authors: Pambour Kwabena Addo , Sopgwi Rostand Tresor , Hodge Bri-Mathias , Brancucci Carlo
Published: April 2018

The operation of electricity and natural gas transmission networks in the U.S. are increasingly interdependent, due to the growing number of installations of gas fired generators and the penetration of renewable energy sources. This development suggests the need for closer communication and coordination between gas and power transmission system operators in order to improve the efficiency and reliability of the combined energy system. In this paper, we present a co-simulation platform for examining the interdependence between natural gas and electricity transmission networks based on a direct current unit-commitment and economic dispatch model for the power system and a transient hydraulic gas model for the gas system. We analyze the value of day-ahead coordination of power and natural gas network operations and show the importance of considering gas system constraints when analyzing power systems operation with high penetration of gas generators and renewable energy sources. Results show that day-ahead coordination contributes to a reduction in curtailed gas during high stress periods (e.g., large gas offtake ramps) and a reduction in energy consumption of gas compressor stations.
Features of K-Changes Observed in Sri Lanka in the Tropics
Authors: Nanayakkara Sankha , Fernando Mahendra , Cooray Vernon
Published: April 2018

General characteristics of K changes together with their fine structure associated with ground flashes in Sri Lanka in the tropics are presented. It is found that on average there are about 2 K changes associated with each return stroke. Analysis of the fine structure of the K changes shows that the K change is a chaotic pulse burst. Some of these chaotic pulse bursts start and the others end as a regular pulse bursts. Sometimes the chaotic part occurs in between two regular pulse bursts. This is in agreement with the recent published results that claim that chaotic pulse bursts are a random superposition of regular pulse bursts. The results show that the small step fields identified in the literature as K changes are the static fields associated with these pulse bursts.
Quality of Life in Patients with Gluten Neuropathy; Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Zis Panagiotis , Sarrigiannis Ptolemaios Georgios , Rao Dasappaiah Ganesh , Hadjivassiliou Marios
Published: April 2018

Background: Gluten neuropathy (GN) is defined as an otherwise idiopathic peripheral neuropathy in the presence of serological evidence of gluten sensitivity (positive antigliadin and/or transglutaminase or endomysium antibodies). We aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) of GN patients with control subjects and to investigate the effect of a gluten free diet (GFD) on the QoL. Methods: All consecutive patients with GN attending a specialist neuropathy clinic were invited to participate. Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale (ONLS) was used to assess the severity of neuropathy. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to measure participants’ QoL. A strict GFD was defined as effectively been able to eliminate all circulating gluten sensitivity-related antibodies whilst on the diet. Results: Fifty-three patients with GN and 53 age and gender matched controls were recruited. Compared to controls, GN showed significantly worse scores in physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, energy/fatigue and general health subdomains of SF-36. After having adjusted for age, gender and disease severity, being on a strict GFD correlated with better SF-36 scores on the pain domain of the SF-36 (beta 0.317, p=0.019) and the overall health change domain of the SF-36 (beta 0.306, p=0.017). Conclusion: In GN physical dysfunctioning is the major determinant of poor QoL compared to controls. Routine checking for elimination of gluten sensitivity-related antibodies that results from a strict GFD should be encouraged as such elimination ameliorates the overall pain and health scores, indicating better QoL.
Lower Extremity Motor Function Following Complex Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Lenke Lawrence G. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Carreon Leah Y. , Cheung Kenneth M.C. , Dahl Benny T. , Fehlings Michael G.
Published: April 2018

Background:

The reported neurologic complication rate following surgery for complex adult spinal deformity (ASD) is variable due to several factors. Most series have been retrospective with heterogeneous patient populations and use of nonuniform neurologic assessments. The aim of this study was to prospectively document lower extremity motor function by means of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) lower extremity motor score (LEMS) before and through 2 years after surgical correction of complex ASD.

Methods:

The Scoli-RISK-1 study enrolled 272 patients with ASD, from 15 centers, who had undergone primary or revision surgery for a major Cobb angle of ≥80°, corrective osteotomy for congenital spinal deformity or as a revision procedure for any type of deformity, and/or a complex 3-column osteotomy.

Results:

One of 272 patients lacked preoperative data and was excluded from the analysis, and 62 (22.9%) of the remaining 271 patients, who were included, lacked a 2-year postoperative assessment. Patients with no preoperative motor impairment (normal LEMS group; n = 203) had a small but significant decline from the mean preoperative LEMS value (50) to that at 2 years postoperatively (49.66 [95% confidence interval = 49.46 to 49.85]; p = 0.002). Patients who did have a motor deficit preoperatively (n = 68; mean LEMS, 43.79) had significant LEMS improvement at 6 months (47.21, p < 0.001) and 2 years (46.12, p = 0.003) postoperatively. The overall percentage of patients (in both groups combined) who had a postoperative LEMS decline, compared with the preoperative value, was 23.0% at discharge, 17.1% at 6 weeks, 9.9% at 6 months, and 10.0% at 2 years.

Conclusions:

The percentage of patients who had a LEMS decline (compared with the preoperative score) after undergoing complex spinal reconstructive surgery for ASD was 23.0% at discharge, which improved to 10.0% at 2 years postoperatively. These rates are higher than previously reported, which we concluded was due to the prospective, strict nature of the LEMS testing of patients with these challenging deformities.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Restoration of the Patient-Specific Anatomy of the Proximal and Distal Parts of the Humerus
Authors: Vlachopoulos Lazaros , Lüthi Marcel , Carrillo Fabio , Gerber Christian , Székely Gábor , Fürnstahl Philipp
Published: April 2018

Background:

In computer-assisted reconstructive surgeries, the contralateral anatomy is established as the best available reconstruction template. However, existing intra-individual bilateral differences or a pathological, contralateral humerus may limit the applicability of the method. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether a statistical shape model (SSM) has the potential to predict accurately the pretraumatic anatomy of the humerus from the posttraumatic condition.

Methods:

Three-dimensional (3D) triangular surface models were extracted from the computed tomographic data of 100 paired cadaveric humeri without a pathological condition. An SSM was constructed, encoding the characteristic shape variations among the individuals. To predict the patient-specific anatomy of the proximal (or distal) part of the humerus with the SSM, we generated segments of the humerus of predefined length excluding the part to predict. The proximal and distal humeral prediction (p-HP and d-HP) errors, defined as the deviation of the predicted (bone) model from the original (bone) model, were evaluated. For comparison with the state-of-the-art technique, i.e., the contralateral registration method, we used the same segments of the humerus to evaluate whether the SSM or the contralateral anatomy yields a more accurate reconstruction template.

Results:

The p-HP error (mean and standard deviation, 3.8° ± 1.9°) using 85% of the distal end of the humerus to predict the proximal humeral anatomy was significantly smaller (p = 0.001) compared with the contralateral registration method. The difference between the d-HP error (mean, 5.5° ± 2.9°), using 85% of the proximal part of the humerus to predict the distal humeral anatomy, and the contralateral registration method was not significant (p = 0.61). The restoration of the humeral length was not significantly different between the SSM and the contralateral registration method.

Conclusions:

SSMs accurately predict the patient-specific anatomy of the proximal and distal aspects of the humerus. The prediction errors of the SSM depend on the size of the healthy part of the humerus.

Clinical Relevance:

The prediction of the patient-specific anatomy of the humerus is of fundamental importance for computer-assisted reconstructive surgeries.
Minimally Displaced, Isolated Radial Head and Neck Fractures Do Not Require Formal Physical Therapy
Authors: Egol Kenneth A. , Haglin Jack M. , Lott Ariana , Fisher Nina , Konda Sanjit R.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Nondisplaced and minimally displaced fractures of the radial head and neck are common injuries, yet the role of physical therapy (PT) in their treatment is unclear. The aim of this trial was to assess the need for formal PT following a simple fracture of the radial head or neck.

Methods:

Patients who had a nondisplaced or minimally displaced fracture of the radial head or neck and presented to 1 of 2 providers were enrolled prospectively between January 2014 and August 2016. Patients were randomized to receive outpatient PT or perform self-directed home exercise. The follow-up intervals were 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and at least 1 year. The outcome measures were Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores; pain; time to clinical healing; and range of motion. Demographic data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test. Independent-samples t tests were utilized to compare outcome measures.

Results:

Fifty-one patients were enrolled in the study. The average follow-up was 16.6 months. Twenty-five patients were randomized to a home-exercise cohort, and 26 patients were randomized to a formal-outpatient-PT cohort. There were no significant differences in demographics between cohorts. At 6 weeks, the home-exercise cohort had better function as indicated by a significantly lower mean DASH score compared with the PT cohort (p = 0.021). At 3 months, 6 months, and final follow-up, there were no significant differences between cohorts for any outcome measure.

Conclusions:

Patients who performed home exercises after sustaining a nondisplaced or minimally displaced fracture of the radial head or neck demonstrated better early function at 6 weeks compared with patients who received formal PT. After 6 weeks, there were no significant differences in outcomes. These data suggest that prescribing PT for patients who have an isolated nondisplaced or minimally displaced fracture of the radial head or neck is not cost-effective and that instructing the patient to perform self-directed exercises will be followed by a similar outcome.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Do Clones Dream of Love? Images of Clones in Popular Culture
Authors: Antonijević Dragana
Published: April 2018

Fantasies about clones, cyborgs and androids have become part and parcel of the mythology of modern times – the mythologies of the biotechnological era in which the achievements of genetic engineering have inflamed fears of possible abuse of scientific knowledge and the consequences of such abuse. The paper considers the phenomenon of reproductive cloning of human beings as it is represented in popular culture, especially film as it is one of the most important sources of representations and constructions of ideas about clones. After the introductory consideration of this phenomenon in scientific, ethical and media debates which are imbued with rejection of reproductive cloning, I have analyzed the different uses of the clone motif in selected movies. I have examined the structure and content of the genre formula of “social melodrama” which is present in films about clones, and have analyzed the mythical patterns pertaining to the topic of cloning, such as the myth of immortality, the myth of twins, the myth of the uniqueness of human kind etc.  Ultimately, the nature and origins of the fear of clones and disgust that clones cause have been examined, and it has been shown that they mostly boil down to the fear of the dehumanization of human beings, the fear of the loss of difference and the transgression of biological, sociocultural and metaphysical boundaries.
Fate of Escherichia coli in dialysis device exposed into sewage influent and activated sludge
Authors: Ung Porsry , Peng Chanthol , Yuk Sokunsreiroat , Ann Vannak , Mith Hasika , Tan Reasmey , Miyanaga Kazuhiko , Tanji Yasunori
Published: April 2018

Tracing the fate of pathogens in environmental water, particularly in wastewater, with a suitable methodology is a demanding task. We investigated the fate of Escherichia coli K12 in sewage influent and activated sludge using a novel approach that involves the application of a biologically stable dialysis device. The ion concentrations inside the device could reach that of surrounding solution when it was incubated in phosphate buffered saline for 2 h. E. coli K12 above 107 CFU mL−1 (inoculated in distilled water, influent, activated sludge) were introduced into the device and incubated in influent and activated sludge for 10 days. Without indigenous microorganisms, E. coli K12 could survive even with the limited ions and nutrients concentrations in influent and activated sludge. E. coli K12 abundance in influent and activated sludge were reduced by 60 and 85%, respectively, after just 1 day. The establishment of microbial community in wastewater played an important role in reducing E. coli K12. Bacteriophage propagated in filtered influent or activated sludge when E. coli K12 was introduced, but not in raw influent or activated sludge. The methodology developed in this study can be applied in the actual environmental water to trace the fate of pathogens.
A transnacionalização e a expansão da educação superior
Authors: Maués Olgaíses Cabral , Souza Michele Borges de
Published: April 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar de forma crítica o processo de transnacionalização da educação superior que vem ocorrendo como um fenômeno característico deste século. O entendimento que será adotado no texto é que a transnacionalização é um fenômeno que se organiza com a globalização da economia e com a etapa da financeirização do capital.  Na medida em que a educação passou a ser considerada como um serviço, e o conhecimento reconhecido como uma força produtiva, a Educação Superior passou a representar uma alavanca para o desenvolvimento dos países e a ser considerado uma mercadoria importante. A análise desse fenômeno será feita considerando a posição de alguns organismos multilaterais, tais como a OCDE e o BM e a OMC.  Serão arroladas as estratégias adotadas pelo Brasil para o desenvolvimento da transnacionalização, analisando-se os novos arranjos que as instituições privadas vêm realizando com entidades estrangeiras.
Discursos em disputa sobre a Bibliotheca Infantil em O Paiz (1894-1899)
Authors: Silva Márcia Cabral da , Pìnto Mariane Sousa
Published: April 2018

Neste estudo, analisam-se os discursos veiculados no periódico O Paiz sobre a conformação da Bibliotheca Infantil da Livraria do Povo. A imprensa como fonte privilegiada no âmbito da pesquisa histórica permite a reflexão sobre o contexto social, político e cultural, além de estabelecer estratégias de formação da opinião pública. Através de notas críticas, artigos e anúncios sobre a Biblioteca Infantil veiculados no jornal, objetivou-se perceber as tensões e as disputas discursivas em torno da conformação da referida biblioteca. Sobre as possibilidades de análise dos discursos em O Paiz, adotou-se, sobretudo, a perspectiva bakhtiniana. Tendo em vista as etapas de pesquisa já concluídas, observou-se a importância da livraria no que tange ao acesso à leitura no período analisado em razão da produção de livros baratos para o povo. Constatou-se, ainda, a acirrada disputa discursiva entre aqueles que pretendiam o domínio do campo editorial relativo aos livros destinados às crianças à época.
Lei nº 2.880, de 4 de abril de 1963 | Decreto 4.846, de 25 de setembro de 1967
Authors: Araujo Marta Maria
Published: April 2018

Nos governos de Aluizio Alves (1961-1966) e de Monsenhor Walfredo Gurgel (1966-1971), respectivamente, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, foram criados o Instituto “Padre Miguelinho” (1963) e o Colégio Estadual “Winston Churchill” (1967) na capital Natal. O Instituto “Padre Miguelinho abrangia quatro unidades educacionais: Jardim de Infância “Professor Anfilóquio Câmara”; Grupo Escolar “Professor Luís Soares”; Colégio Estadual do Alecrim e o Ginásio Industrial. O Colégio Estadual “Winston Churchill” compreendia o Ensino Médio com o 1° e 2° ciclos (ginasial e colegial). Nesta Seção de Documento da Revista Educação em Questão, o Conselho Editorial publica a Lei n° 2.880, de 4 de abril de 1963, que criou o Instituto “Padre Miguelinho e o Decreto n° 4.846, de 25 de setembro de 1967, que criou o Colégio Estadual “Winston Churchill”, para fins de estudo e pesquisa de Historiadores da Educação.
Bioengineered in vitro Vascular Models for Applications in Interventional Radiology
Authors: Li Xiaoyun , Moosavi-Basri Seyed M. , Sheth Rahul , Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Yu S.
Published: April 2018

The role of endovascular interventions has progressed rapidly over the past several decades. While animal models have long-served as the mainstay for the advancement of this field, the use of in vitro models has become increasingly widely adopted with recent advances in engineering technologies. Here, we review the strategies, mainly including bioprinting and microfabrication, which allow for fabrication of biomimetic vascular models that will potentially serve to supplement the conventional animal models for convenient investigations of endovascular interventions. Besides normal blood vessels, those in diseased states, such as thrombosis, may also be modeled by integrating cues that simulate the microenvironment of vascular disorders. These novel engineering strategies for the development of biomimetic in vitro vascular structures will possibly enable unconventional means of studying complex endovascular intervention problems that are otherwise hard to address using existing models.