bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Workforce Shortages of Secondary Environmental Sciences Teachers: The Perspectives from Second Career Changing Teachers
Authors: Dos Santos L M
Published: March 2021

The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and teaching field is facing significant human resources shortages, particularly in the subject matter of environmental sciences. The current study collected interview and focus group data and sharing from 140 pre-service and in-service second career-changing teachers in the United States about their career decision and decision-making process. The results of this study indicated that the participants believe educating the next generation is their priority of joining the education and teaching profession. Many expressed that the populations of STEM teachers with professional and industry experiences are greatly needed. The outcomes of this study provided the blueprint for researchers, school leaders, policymakers and human resources planners to reform and polish their current plans for teachers training and professional development in order to solve the workforce issues in the fields of STEM education and teaching.
Icing - Renewable Water Source and Resource
Authors: Narantsogt Nasanbayar
Published: March 2021

The icing phenomena occurs in Mongolia every winter, same places where groundwater overflow on ice on surface waterbed, create next ice sheet and create extended ice storage. This phenomenon is important parameters in hydrological cycle and surface water regime for semi-arid, cold regions. The highly continental, semi-arid and cold region has a high variability in river discharge depending on precipitation, with a general tendency towards decreasing water availability due to increasing air temperatures and thus rising potential evaporation. In this study considered understanding natural process of creating icing, due to keep water source as in ice form on surface in dry season. From March to May icing meltwater recharge groundwater and river flow while river is non-flow condition. Some year’s in April riverbed dry without ice in valley under highly mountains, but upper side is cold and water source is still in snow and ice form. Therefore, icing in river valley could recharge surface water by melting where is cold on top mountains river origin but under valley riverbed no snow, ice cover. In this paper written icing process code by MATLAB using energy change between water, air and ice. When we are promoting naturally ice storing or build icing then winter coldness creates ice storage thus artificially recharge surface water resources in dry season like April. The ice storage amount and simulation results shown that recharge groundwater in dry season is icing method one of the possibilities which creates and build huge ice storages in winter. That is new technology keep water in ice form through winter and recharge surface and groundwater in dry season.
Investigation on Wettability and Mechanical Properties of Novel Zinc Phosphate Glass-Based Epoxy Composites
Authors: Radouane Nassima , Hammi Maryama , Maaroufi Abdelkarim , Ouaki Bennaceur , Depriester Michael , Hadj-Sahraoui Abdelhak
Published: March 2021

Herein, we investigate the mechanical and wetting properties of composites-based epoxy matrix reinforced zinc phosphate glass particles at different volume fractions. The investigated composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the morphology of composite was performed using scanning electron microscope tool. Moreover, the wettability of the composite performed by measuring water contact angle and surface energy. Contact angle findings revealed that the incorporation of zinc phosphate glass has significantly decreased with increasing filler concentration, while the surface energy values increased with filler concentration allowing improvement of the zinc phosphate glass-polymer interface. Besides, the investigated composites display enhanced mechanical properties for Young’s modulus. In this study, the glass transition temperature has been determined using differential scanning calorimetry analysis which suggested that consolidated composites are significantly homogeneous and have good thermal stability.
Adsorption of Indigo Carmine onto Chitosan - Cerium Oxide Nanobiosorbent: Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics
Authors: Kekes T , Tsakanika LA , Kolliopoulos G , Tzia C
Published: March 2021

The present work was designed to synthesize a Chitosan (CS) - Cerium oxide (CeO2)nanobiosorbent and study the adsorption of Indigo Carmine. The adsorption equilibrium data were better fitted in the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating that adsorption is occurring on a heterogeneous surface in the multilayer pattern. Low pH values (3 and 4), low initial Indigo Carmine concentration (50 mg/L), high adsorbent concentration (500 mg/L) and relatively high temperatures (50 °C) exhibited the highest removal efficiency towards the examined dye. The pseudo-second order kinetic model described better the adsorption process;thus, it can be stated that chemisorption between the adsorbent and the adsorbate is occurring. According to the thermodynamic analysis, adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic and more favorable at high temperatures. FTIR analysis confirmed the adsorption of the dye onto the CS/CeO2nanobiosorbent.
Acanthocyclops trajani Mirabdullayev et Defaye (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) as An Indicator of the Ecological State of Water Bodies in Kazakhstan
Authors: Krupa Elena , Aubakirova Moldir
Published: March 2021

In 1997-2007. the structure of populations of Acanthocyclops trajani Mirabdullayev et Defaye (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) in water bodies of Kazakhstan was studied. It was shown that cyclops prefers water bodies with TDS up to 3.0 g/dm3. The abundance of cyclops increased in the gradient of phosphate concentrations statistically significantly. In the same direction the dominance of males in the populations of cyclops increased. The appearance of individuals with morphological anomalies was associated with toxic pollution of water bodies. The results demonstrate that the structure of cyclops populations can be an indicator of the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems.
Exploring Wardriving Potential in the Ecuadorian Amazon for Indirect Data Collection
Authors: Santos Fabián , Pesantes Pablo , Bonilla-Bedoya Santiago
Published: March 2021

Digital inclusion in the Ecuadorian amazon is known as a problem, which intensified with the pandemic. Since social distance is now the norm, we constructed a WiFi access point (WAP) scanner to map and analyze its data. We correlated it with ancillary geoinformation to observe its potential and limitations as a method for indirect data collection. Our result indicate that WAP correlate weakly but positively with nightlight, young population, accessibility to economical centres, and negatively with slope. Moreover, we differentiated vulnerability naming patters from Service Set Identifiers (SSDI) and differentiated the number of WAPs according to land cover for differentiate urban from rural areas. This output is now offering increasing applications to get updated rought estimates of internet activity and indirectly correlations to socio-economic conditions, technology practices, and opportunities for natural language processing. Therefore, we conclude that wardriving offer interesting opportunities for mapping social data but also concerns as an indirect data collection method.
Variation of Foliar Calcium and Magnesium in Six Fern Species at Different Elevations
Authors: Salazar L , Páez-Vacas M , Kessler M , Kluge J , Homeier J
Published: March 2021

Several efforts have been made to understand nutrient ecology worldwide. However, Ca and Mg have received less attention, despite their function in important biological processes of plants, such us growth and photosynthesis. Few studies focus on fern nutrient ecology of foliar Ca and Mg. Moreover, none has investigated the variation of these elements along elevational gradients. Herein, we analysed if there were differences of the foliar Ca and Mg contents of six species of ferns along a tropical elevational gradient: Adiantum humile, Cyathea tortuosa, Cyclodium meniscioides, Danaea moritziana, Maxonia apiifolia, and Thelypteris biformata. We found significant differences at the interspecific and intraspecific level variation of foliar Ca and Mg contents at each elevation. In terms of the relationship between elevation and nutrient content, we found that two species showed contrasting trends of foliar Ca with elevation. Content of Ca decreased with elevation in Adiantum humile, while it increased in Maxonia apiifolia. Regarding Mg, it decreased with elevation in Adiantum humile, Thelypteris biformata and Maxonia apiifolia. However, these results were not statistically supported. An exhaustive sampling effort will provide insight on variation of foliar Ca and Mg along tropical elevation gradients and the factors influencing patterns of variation.
Building Sustainable Resilient Supply Chains in Emerging Economies: Review of Motivations and Holistic Framework
Authors: Saidi D , El Alami J , Hlyal M
Published: March 2021

In recent times, globalized supply chains have been disrupted with the venue of the pandemic crisis Covid-19. All countries are working together to deal with this crisis and be sustainable-resilient at the same time especially emerging economies. Supply chains plays a capital role in maintaining the stability of the economy and society. Through this review, we aim to provide an overview about literature of sustainability and resilience of Supply Chains. To take a fresh look of patterns and practices deployed by emerging countries, such as morocco, to build Resilient and Sustainable Supply Chain around a holistic framework. A focus on the existing issues, methodologies used, research gaps that need to be developed is outlined.
Water Quality Assessment of the Cutuchi River Basin (Ecuador): A Review of Technical Documents
Authors: Zapata Daniela , Oleas Nora H , Páez-Vacas Mónica , Tobes Ibon
Published: March 2021

The Cutuchi River Basin extends over the inter-Andean valley south of the Cotopaxi Volcano, in Ecuador. It flows through two provinces, Cotopaxi and Tungurahua, and its waters are extensively used to irrigate crops that provide food to the main cities in the country. Unfortunately, the basin receives untreated domestic and industrial discharges. The need for an environmental quality assessment of the river has been acknowledged over the years. The aim of this study is to gather information about water quality of the Cutuchi River through a historical bibliographic review. A total of 57 works published between 2007 and 2018 were found, including books, articles, thesis and project reports. Only 18 documents provided biological, physical, or chemical data linked to water quality. The data obtained through the literature review were compared with maximum thresholds from national and international regulations. Unfortunately, revised studies were scattered on time and randomly along the basin and did not provide robust information to evaluate the state of the water-system. Some contamination was detected significantly exceeding safety thresholds. More exhaustive studies along the basin are needed as a baseline to help the decision makers to design management plans and mitigate human impacts.
Ethnicity as a Factor Influencing Sustainable Forest Resource Management: A Case Study of a Village in Taunggyi District in Myanmar’s Shan State
Authors: Hashiguchi H , Toda M , Chew W C , Hiratsuka M
Published: March 2021

We investigated the impact of ethnicity on the adaptability of forest resource management in Myanmar. Within Myanmar’s ethnically diverse population, extensive economically motivated internal migration has led to the forming new villages comprising people of different ethnicities. Conditions and problems encountered in these newly formed villages may differ from those in ancestral villages where customary rights prevail. We assessed the livelihood systems and cooperative behaviours of different ethnic groups within a study village. Our findings were as follows: 1) households’ ethnicities influenced their levels of dependence on different livelihood sources, namely Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and field crops, and 2) cooperation among the villagers of different ethnicity was weak. To achieve successful and sustainable natural resource management in such region, the characteristics of different ethnic groups should be taken into account in community forest management plan.
Methodology of the Fifth Helix Systemic, A Decade of Sectorial Investigations 2010-2020
Authors: Martinez-Gutierrez Rodolfo
Published: March 2021

As a result of a Doctoral Thesis Research in 2010 at the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana Campus, Mexico, and within the PhD Global Development Studies -High Level Human Resources Training Program of CONACYT, a methodological proposal called Fifth Helix Systemic (in spanish Quinta Helice Sistemica QHS) was generated, for the aim of the widespred policy analysis and as a methodological instrument, to be a research applicable in different sectors in the State of Baja California community. This documentary article aims to analyze, the productivity and traceability, of the QHS methodology (business, education, government, business chambers and consultants) and its applications identified in the decade 2010 to 2020 at regional, national and international level, through traceability in network platforms of academic and scientific research journals on the Internet.
Impact of Parental Involvement on Children’s Academic Performance at Crescent International School, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Naite Ibrahima
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research to explore the impact of parental involvement on the academic achievement of students at Crescent International School and to determine whether the demographic variable of parents has an effect on their involvement in their children’s education. In addition, the study sought to examine what existing literature review found on the relation between parental involvement and children’s academic achievement. The present study was carried out at Crescent International School in Bangkok, Thailand. The responses of 12 parents, whose children are enrolled in secondary level, were taken as samples for the current study. The Intensity Sampling Technique was used in this research. A questionnaire about demographics of parents was distributed and interviews were conducted to assess the level of parent involvement. To find out student achievement level, the students results were used. The qualitative method was used to gauge the impact of parental involvement on students’ academic achievement. The results revealed that parental income level has no impact on the level of involvement in their children’s education. However, educational level, age, employment and marital status of the parents had greater impact on parental involvement. The main findings of this research indicated that students with highly involved parents had better academic performance and higher test scores in all the subjects compared to students whose parents were not involved in their education. the findings, suggested that parents should grow more awareness on the importance of visiting and supporting their children in school. It was also recommended that parents should take an active role in assisting their children’s education at school and at home since they are the first teachers of their children.
A Mini Review on Energy System Modelling for Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Malaysia
Authors: Aziz M A F A , Liew P Y
Published: March 2021

Energy efficiency is an important energy consumption parameter to indicate the efficient use of energy. Through enhancing energy efficiency, the harvested energy (fossil or non-fossil) could be used in the most impactful manner, which reduces the energy wastage and carbon emission. This study performs a critical review of energy system modelling, which involves the modelling studies of renewable energy and energy efficiency measures for the national energy sector. The energy value chain is typically related to the national energy policies. Thus, this study continues with a review of the national energy policies from several countries. This study concludes with comprehensive comments and analysis on the feasibility of the national energy system modelling perspective for Malaysia to achieve the 8% of energy efficiency savings by 2025 for sustainable energy development.
Experimental and simulation requirements for residual stress of TC4 titanium alloy based on ultrasonic rolling
Authors: Liu Yanjie , Fu Xiuli , Li Hongxia , Wang Pengcheng , Men Xiuhua
Published: March 2021

The residual compressive stress can improve the fatigue performance and strengthen the material surface. In this paper, TC4 titanium alloy is chosen as the material to measure surface residual stress under different static pressures by automatic gradient stress detection and analysis system. ABAQUS software is used to simulate the variation of residual stress in ultrasonic rolling process. The results reveal that the experimental values and the simulation values are consistent basically. The residual compressive stress reaches its maximum when the static pressure is 1000N. When the static pressure is 1100N ∼ 1200N, the depth of the residual compressive stress layer reaches its maximum.
The Industry’s Perspective of Suitable Tasks for Human-Robot Collaboration in Assembly Manufacturing
Authors: Gustavsson Patrik , Syberfeldt Anna
Published: March 2021

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is the concept of combining a human and a robot into the same production cell and utilize the benefits of both. This concept has existed for more than a decade, but there are still quite few implementations of HRC within the manufacturing industry. One reason for this is the lack of knowledge when it comes to suitable tasks for HRC. Current research studies on the topic are mainly based on theoretical reasoning and/or research experiments, and little is known about what the industry perceive as suitable tasks for HRC. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate this and find out what industrial actors thinks are the most value-adding tasks for a human and a robot to carry out together. An in-depth interview study is undertaken with two companies and shop-floor operators, production engineers and automation engineers are interviewed. The result of the study pinpoints a number of tasks that the companies thinks are beneficial for HRC, which can serve as a guideline for other manufacturing companies considering to implement HRC.
Determining 150kv transmission tower route using FAHP method
Authors: Muis A , Santosa B
Published: March 2021

PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk (PTVI) is a mineral mining company that produces nickel as its main product. PTVI requires high reliability of power supply so that it can produce nickel to the specified target. One of the important equipment to maintain the availability of electricity is the transmission tower. Failure of the transmission tower will have a disastrous effect on nickel production operations. PTVI will lose 165 MW in case of failure on the Larona transmission tower line to plant site and 200 MW on the Balambano transmission tower line to the plant site. Therefore, PTVI will build a new 150kV transmission tower line from Larona switchyard to Balambano switchyard to support the availability of sustainable electricity. The method to be used to determine the best alternative transmission tower route by considering multiple criteria is Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The results of each alternative are 0.477 for the North route, 0.364 for the Middle route, and 0.159 for the South route. The authors recommend the management of PT. Vale Indonesia, as the owner and operator of the hydroelectric power station, chose the north route for the planned construction of the 150kV transmission tower.
Fake News Detection Using Source Information and Bayes Classifier
Authors: Reshmi T S , Daniel Madan Raja S , Priya J
Published: March 2021

As an information source social media is the platform used by today’s world other than television or journal. With the reach of social media in an unpredicted manner has created a lot of issues. Among them spreading of fake news is the crucial one. This paper has analysed various techniques used in fake news detection and prevention. A method for detecting fake news by using machine learning probabilistic classifier ie. Bayes classifier is proposed here. Along with Bayes classifier the source of the news is also considered for identifying fake news.
Machine learning & image processing for hand written digits and alphabets recognition from document image through MATLAB simulation
Authors: Kumar Singh Satrughan , Yadav Jainath
Published: March 2021

Machine learning is currently playing a vital role in the next generation of the computer world. Automatic pattern recognition has become an important issue of image processing and machine learning. Handwritten digits and alphabets are not arranged in the same size, thickness, position and right direction. Therefore, to determine the issue of handwritten numerals and alphabet recognition, different classifications and complexity should be analyzed. The composition styles of different individuals affect mainly the patterns of alphabets and digits. An effective strategy is to understand the numbers and alphabets transferred from a document image and to make an orderly pattern. In this research work, a soft computing system has been developed using the MATLAB programming. This system uses machine learning algorithms that identify patterns by computerized estimation by identifying handwritten digits and alphabets from a document image. From the experimental results, we observed 96.24% average recognition accuracy of our proposed system.
Probabilistic Feature Extraction Techniques for Electrocardiogram Signal-A Review
Authors: Ramkumar M. , Ganesh Babu C. , Karthikeyani S. , Priyanka G.S. , Sarath Kumar R.
Published: March 2021

Extraction of features for an ECG signal plays a vital role in making the diagnosis of most of the diseases associated with cardiac muscle as well as the different states of arrhythmias. In this study, a literature review over the comprehensive manner has been done for the probabilistic feature extraction technique of an electrocardiogram signal in making the analysis of various classification methods of ECG arrhythmia signals that has been proposed over the past years of research. The ECG arrhythmia classification methods includes few digital signal processing techniques, Fuzzy Logic techniques, Hidden Markov Model, Support Vector Machines, Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Artificial Neural Networks, Transductive Transfer Learning etc. with which each individual approach exhibits its own disadvantages and advantages. For diagnosing the heart’s clinical condition, Echocardiogram is considered to be an essential tool but it consumes more time for processing and analyzing the ECG rhythms which possess huge number of heart beats. Therefore, it is in the urge that the system of diagnosis has to be made automated for classifying the clinical states of heart rhythms and heart beats in making the diagnosis very accurately and in the précised manner. For analyzing the electrocardiogram signal subsequently, the fundamental characteristics in terms of features like peak amplitudes, time intervals are very much required in determining the heart functions.
Content Based Image Retrieval Using Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Simran Arshiya , Shijin Kumar P.S , Bachu Srinivas
Published: March 2021

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is a widely used method for image retrieval from large and unlabeled image collections. However, users are not satisfied with the traditional methods of retrieving information. Moreover the abundance of online networks for production and distribution, as well as the quantity of images accessible to consumers, continues to expand. Therefore, in many areas, permanent as well as widespread digital image processing takes place. Therefore, the rapid access to these large image databases as well as the extraction of identical images from this large set of images from a given image (Query) pose significant challenges as well as involves efficient techniques. A CBIR system’s efficiency depends fundamentally on the calculation of feature representation as well as similarity. For this purpose, they present a basic but powerful deep learning system focused on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and composed of feature extraction and classification for fast image retrieval. We get some promising findings from many detailed observational studies for a number of CBIR tasks using image database, which reveals some valuable lessons for improving the efficiency of CBIR. CBIR systems allow another image dataset to locate related images to such a query image. The search per picture function of Google search has to be the most popular CBIR method.
Analysis on Wavelet Feature and Softmax Discriminant Classifier for the detection of epilepsy
Authors: Deepa R , Rajaguru Harikumar , Ganesh Babu C
Published: March 2021

The most frequently diagnosed brain disease is epilepsy, which is characterised by the unexpected onset of frequent seizures. The detection of epilepsy in this paper was established by using the wavelet features Haar, dB2, Symlets (Sym8) and dB4, followed by the Softmax Discriminant Classifier, which uses to detect the epilepsy from the EEG signals. The performance of the wavelet features and classifier is evaluated based on the performance index, specificity, sensitivity, precision, time delay and quality values. Amongthe wavelet features, the sym8 performs better than the other and processed further using the Softmax Discriminant Classifier, which outperforms the 90.93 percent classification accuracy, with a low time delay of 1.991s, the 72.61 percent output index, the most promising result in this work.
Domain Translation of Images Using Auto Encoders and Coupled GANs with Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Arunachalam Vigneshkumar , Rajaguru Harikumar , Krishnamoorthy Vinubama , Varadaraj Viswanathan , Ravikumar Pavithra
Published: March 2021

Domain translation of images is nothing but learning from marginal distribution across different to obtain a joint distribution from the listed domains. But there exist a limitless number of joint distributions, but we couldn’t infer that without additional assumptions. It is nothing but changing the entire scenario of the given input image by translating and reconstructing into an entirely new image but with the key features of the input image. Here for the domain translation of images from different domains in video, we are using Coupled-GAN’s for domain translation with making use of shared latent space.
Analysis and Modeling of various Tapered Coplanar Waveguide
Authors: Nataraj B , Prabha K R
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes the analysis of investigations on various tapered Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) structures to achieve increase in phase shift per unit length and the reduction in line length. The analysis of the tapered CPW is important in order to obtain the characteristic impedance and phase velocity of the transmission line. The step tapered CPW structures proposed have the center conductor, the gap/ground or both the widths varying having constant characteristic impedances for a fixed line length. The conformal mapping method is applied to the proposed tapered CPW structures to obtain the electrical parameters of the transmission line. The obtained impedance can be utilized in the design of RF circuits such as phase shifter using MEMS bridges.
Garuda Vyuha based Microstrip patch antenna structure with high-gain for dual-band wireless applications
Authors: Sampath P. , Perarasi T.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a high-gain dual-band planar Microstrip patch antenna is designed to work at two different frequencies namely 5.6GHz and 7.4GHz. The antenna structure is in the form of Garuda Vyuha and has high directivity. The results propose that the Garuda Vyuha based antenna structure has very low profile and good polarization characteristics. The proposed antenna structure is simulated using ADS software and from the simulated results, the return loss is -15.094dB at 5.681GHz and -12.371dB at 7.337GHz. The Antenna operates at a bandwidth of 22MHz at 5.6GHz and 41MHZ at 7.4GHz. The Antenna provides a directivity of 5.921 at 5.6GHz and 6.2 at 7.4GHz. This antenna structure can be used for dual band applications in Wireless systems operating in these bands.
A New Architecture for Transformation of Binary to Double Base Number System (DBNS) with Bases 2 and 5 using Different Search Algorithms
Authors: Singha Satrughna , Sinha Amitabha
Published: March 2021

In this paper a new architecture for the transformation of binary to double base number system (DBNS) with bases 2 and 5 using different search algorithms has been presented. Nowadays the DBNS is becoming popular among the other non-binary number systems for their competences of carrying out multiplication operation proficiently. The DBNS has the major problem which is associated with this number system is the transformation from binary data to DBNS data despite the various advantages of the DBNS. A number of schemes are there to transform the binary number into the DBNS. By observing these matters a new transformation scheme has been presented for the transformation of binary data into a single index pair (i.e., singledigit) DBNS data with bases 2 and 5.
Ultra-Low Power Memory Circuit Unit for Space Application
Authors: Karthi S.P. , Kavitha K. , Babu Ganesh , Dinesh Kumar J R , Visvesvaran C , Girinath N
Published: March 2021

In VLSI design power dissipation is an important factor in micro and nano VLSI design. For Space applications, Circuits with Ultralow power (ULP) operation is a good solution because of its limited options of energy sources. This Ultralow power operation will pay the way to small and low-cost satellites where the heavy battery and power supplies can be replaced. One of the effective way to implement ULP operations are by restricting the VDD and make the circuit to work in sub threshold region. But at the same time this low voltage circuits have some challenges like delay, temperature fluctuations needs to be addressed. The most complicated area of these circuits are memory arrays which cover large areas of the silicon die which often store critical data. Large bit cells leads to hardening of embedded memory block cells and this limits the low power operation of the entire system. In this paper, radiation-hardened static random access memory (SRAM) bit cell targeted at low-voltage functionality is proposed. The proposed method employs 5T RAM cell bears changes in charge deposits as high as 500 fC at a scaled 500-mV supply voltage.
Modelling of Parallel Unsigned 2n-1 Modular Arithmetic Multiplier for RNS
Authors: Elango S , Sampath P , Philip Sajan P , Raja Sekar S
Published: March 2021

Modular Multiplication operations are widely used in Digital crypto processors. Modulo multipliers is an essential block for Residue Number System (RNS) computation. Pointing to increase the performance of the RNS computation, the parallel unsigned modulo multiplier for 2n-1 moduli is designed. A mathematical modelling, VLSI architecture and real-time verification are done in this work. Further, the modulo multipliers are described usingVerilog HDL, and the synthesize results for both FPGA and ASIC technologies are presented. Comparison is made based on the parameters such as Area, Power, Delay, PDP& ADP using Cadence RTL Compiler with 180 nm, 90 nm and 45 nm TSMC CMOS Technologies.From the analysis indicate that the proposed multiplier provides a 16% area reduction and 40% speed improvement with a better PDP and ADP performance compared tothe existing modulo multipliers. Finally, the usefulness of 2n-1 modulo multiplier in RNS environment is discussed.
High Speed and Performance analysis of Multiplier in Field Programming Gate Array
Authors: Gowthami M , Jalall S Kehkeshan , Aby Varkey M Tony , Kiruthika K
Published: March 2021

This paper reads pipelined increase procedures for execution on FPGAs with accentuation on the usage of FPGA equipment asset. Execution of multiplier usage are estimated for monetarily accessible FPGA designs where two inborn issues are presented and examined. These being the lopsidedness of basic interconnect delay between broad directing and static convey interconnects, and the measure of FPGA rationale region utilized and its helpless usage. For every one of these issues proposals are proposed and researched.
A Critical Review on Fume Extraction System for Pipe and Plate Welding
Authors: Satheesh Kumar K V , Dharmaraj M , Thangavel P , Srikishore K A , Sudharsan R , Vimal M
Published: March 2021

In general, for both pipe and plate welding fixtures plays a crucial role. The current study investigates exposure among welders employed in the shop floor area. This welding fumes extractor has a exhaust ventilation setup to track sensitivity to welding fumes using glass fiber filter paper. The trick to acquiring the most effective system fitted to the closed atmosphere so that the gases do not disperse beyond the welding chamber is by learning the fundamentals of ventilation and airborne contaminant extraction. In previous tests, fixtures outside the fumigation hood were installed for both pipe and platform welding. By using a lathe chuck with 4 jaws fixed at both ends that keep the pipe up to 30 mm in diameter, a basic concept of the fixture is constructed. A horizontal rotating stand that is movable only in the y-axis can be set according to the area to be welded without any deflections. This device will be rotated with minimum speed, where the welding can be done effectively without press and dislocations. The main vision is to control the welding fumes in a closed chamber and to fabricate a lightweight fume extraction hood with pipe and plate welding fixtures. This research comes up with good social benefits to reduce blowout of fumes in industries and visibility during welding.
Zigbee Based Hazard Detecting Helmet
Authors: Reena Catherine J , Priyanka R , Alagusabai Andril , Renuka K
Published: March 2021

A Baneful gas detector, a volatile event indicator with several other features is developed, which is a smart helmet. Here, some of the life-threatening events are being overcome by using this helmet. Those hazardous events are impact of something heavy to the workers head, dangerous gas, and deportation of helmet. These events are identified by using accelerator for finding the impact, gas sensor for finding the harmful gas and Infrared Sensor for finding the removal of helmet. Once the environmental conditions are being checked by these sensors, the information is processed by the PIC micro-controller and is sent to the receiver node through the wireless sensor network. This wireless transmission is done by using Zigbee technology. The obtained data at the receiver node is then processed through the ARM processor for performing the alert process in both the receiver end and the transmitter end i.e., the user. The development of smart helmet presents the solutions to the issues faced.
Smart Solar Powered Agricultural Fertilizer Sprayer
Authors: Mallan Srinivasan , Karthick K , Cheran B , Karthickram S
Published: March 2021

Energy demand is a major thread for our country. Nowadays, with the depletion of the conventional sources of energy the usage of non conventional sources are in a rise. To meet this huge energy demand one of the important source that can be used is the solar energy. As this solar energy is being used in many other places like pumping water from the well, it will also prove helpful to the farmer by implementing it in agriculture sector. By introducing solar energy the pollution due to the usage of diesel and petrol is controlled. Hence in agricultural sector solar energy can be used for spraying fertilizers, pesticides, etc., with the help of Solar sprayers. In this paper we have discussed that instead of using fossil fuels like diesel, petrol, etc., for spraying fertilizers solar power is used, where the later proves to be efficient than the former.
Implementation of Dual Axis Solar Tracking System
Authors: Mohanapriya V , Manimegalai V , Praveenkumar V , Sakthivel P
Published: March 2021

As a future inexhaustible and non-polluting energy sources, solar energy is advancing to meet our ever-growing energy requirements. The automated solar tracking system based on the Arduino prototype is mainly built using the Arduino Microcontroller, four LDRs and three stepper motors. A mixture of hardware and firmware programming is used to run the machine. Four light based resistors (LDRs) are used for the capture of maximum incident light in hardware production. To shift the solar panel according to the extent incident light operated by LDRs, three stepper motors are used. The software controls the solar panel’s vertical tilt angle and horizontal rotation. Thus, according to the incident sunlight on the solar panel, it can follow the direction of the Sun, not only the vertical rotation, but also the horizontal rotation. This device can also achieve optimum illumination and reduce the cost of generating energy by requiring a minimum number of solar panels.
Current-mode Positive and Negative Rectifier based on DDCC suitable for Higher Frequency operations
Authors: Kumari Sweta , Nand Deva
Published: March 2021

In the present proposal current-mode (CM) full-wave rectifiers (FWR) using a differential-difference current conveyor (DDCC) block, two MOS-based diodes and three grounded resistors. Two proposals of rectifiers are presented, the first is CM FW positive rectifier and the second is CM FW negative rectifier. The value 200MHz was observed in the operating frequency of the simulated designs. The SPICE simulations with 180 nm TSMC CMOS technology model file has been used to ensure the proper functioning of both of the proposals.
Pulse Width Modulation Technique for Nine-phase Electric Vehicle Drive System
Authors: Sakthi Suriya Raj J S , Kumar Prabhakaran Ajith
Published: March 2021

Multiphase machines have many advantages such as smoother toque and low stator current at each phase without increasing the stator voltage per phase and are mainly used in industrial applications. By implementing nine phase drive system the stator current reduces at each phase, which neglects the use of high-cost bulky power harnessing equipment’s that are used in the conventional 3-phase electric vehicle drive system. In this article, a nine phase electric vehicle inverter is designed for the electric vehicle drive system. Choosing a pulse width modulation technique is the foremost criterion. In this article sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector pulse width modulation technique is simulated and comparison is made based on the quality of power output. The simulation is modeled through Simulink software and the results are presented.
Body Mass Index based Health drink vending machine using Programmable Logic Controllers
Authors: Kalaiyarasi M , Ganesh Babu C , Ramya Deekshitha K , Sakthi B V
Published: March 2021

As the consumer enters his/her height and weight the BMI of the person is calculated. If the BMI indicates that the person is fit, then the machine makes an ideal health drink with all nutrient content. If the BMI of the person indicates he/she is skinny or obese the combinations of the drink mixes vary accordingly. Once the BMI is calculated, a pump connected to a water sump is activated and it allows some amount of water to the mixing container. The mixes are allowed to fall through a screw conveyor to maintain constant discharge irrespective of the amount of the mix in the container. The amount of mix to be discharged is controlled by a PLC which is already programmed using Ladder Logics. Timers are used in the program for exact measurement. Then the motors attached to the screw conveyors start working for a certain period of time as programmed and allow the mixes to fall into the mixing container. As soon as the motors complete its rotation, a motor attached to the mixer starts rotating for some time to blend all the ingredients. A solenoid valve that connects the mixing container and the dispensing cup is opened when the mixer completes it’s mixing. Then the user can collect the drink. The whole process takes a maximum time of 3 minutes approximately.
Review on Sensor based Colour Sorting Robot for Candy Manufacturing
Authors: Krishnakumar S. , Sneha K. , Reethika A.
Published: March 2021

In this work, a new approach for high speed sorting of candy into desired locations is introduced. In this work color sorting of candy is done by detecting colour and the edges of given image which are of similar colours. The colour sensor TCS230 detects three colour red,green,blue and black(no colour). When there is no candy in front of the sensor it produces an output of 330Hz range frequency and when there is a candy it produces an output frequency of 7-14 kHz.The microcontroller can find the frequency of the output from TCS230. The output is obtained by sorting the color of candy depending on the frequency analysis of the output of the TCS230 sensor in the Conveyor system.This work focuses on literature review of sensor based colour sorting robot for candy manufacturing.
Survey of an Effective Outcome Based Teaching Learning Taxonomy in Professional Undergraduate Courses
Authors: Shyamalaprasanna A. , Velnath R. , Pousia S. , GuruVimal Kumar M.
Published: March 2021

This paper is mainly focused and has been survived for All Teaching and Learning Activities in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that should be planned and conducted to facilitate the students to attain well defined and measurable Outcomes (OBE) for one’s own career. Since 2015, while in India, Outcome Based Education (OBE) became the foci of higher education. This paper is designed to enhance all the teachers in engineering programs to facilitate their students to become good graduate technical engineers. The OBE program configuration viably joins the curriculum, instructional prominence, and the appraisal procedure to accomplish a well-organized package for compelling teaching and learning. The OBE also provide mechanisms for the progress of a faculty community around the goal of outcomes assessment. At the end of this survey, this paper reveals the nature of Outcome Based Education (OBE) with framework and their levels of impact in advanced education (Teaching and Learning) for professional learners. It also depicts the improvement of OBE over traditional lecture or Theory based learning in recent and future learning-teaching.
Super Core Magnetic Material based Switched Reluctance Motor for Electric Vehicle Applications
Authors: Bhuvaneswari S , Sivaraman P , Maheswari K T , Matheswaran A
Published: March 2021

In recent days, the proliferation of environmental effect from the industries like electric vehicles, automation become more popular. Compared to induction and permanent magnet motors, the Switched reluctance motor have rugged construction, less torque ripple and acoustic noise So, the motivation of this research is to design Switched reluctance motor (SRM) for Electric vehicle applications using super core magnetic material. The design has been carried out on the SRM machine configuration of 8/6, 0.55kW and 1500RPM. The designed parameters are validated through the Finite Element analysis (FEM) using the Ansys Maxwell Software. The flux has distributed uniformly to reduce the losses. In order to get the accurate results, the Electromagnetics 17.2 software is used to analyse the desirable characteristics of Switched reluctance motor such as flux linkage, losses and efficiency.
Piezo Electric Rainfall Energy Harvester with Proactive Protection Mechanism with Integrated IOT device
Authors: Bhuvaneswari S , Maheswari K T , Chandraprakash K , Deepak S
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this paper is to generate solar power and also monitor the power harvested from the rain fall and to protect the energy harvesting device from natural elements. It is done using solar and piezoelectric panels. The energy from solar and piezoelectric panels are stored in a battery. The data regarding the operation of the solar and piezoelectric panel is transmitted via NodeMCU. This data regarding the amount of energy generated and duration of rainfall can then be viewed from anywhere
Energy Conservation on Vapour Compression Refrigeration System using PCM
Authors: Saji Raveendran P , Murugan P C
Published: March 2021

The vapour compression refrigeration system is an important one among other thermal systems and consumes more energy. The efforts have been made in many ways to enhance the energy efficiency of refrigeration system from various points of view, including energy efficient refrigerants, replacing existing components, using phase change materials in the condenser and evaporator and adding nano-materials to the refrigerants. This work explores and describes the improvement of energy efficiency of the refrigeration system through the application of the phase change material between wall and coil of the evaporator cabin. The experimental results showed significant effects on system performance such as coefficient of performance increased by 7.1%, per energy consumption decreased by 6.7% and temperature variations were also relatively lower inside the freezer cabinet. This proposed concept would be useful in the event of power failures that are very usual in low grid reliability locations.
Strong product of two S+-valued graphs
Authors: Sundar M. , Chandramouleeswaran M.
Published: March 2021

Begun in 2015, followed by S-valued graphs, we study the strong product of two S+-valued graphs G

S

1 and Gs

2 and the generalized strong product of two S+ valued graphs G

S

1 and Gs

2. Furthermore, we contend the regularity conditions on generalized strong product of S+-valued graphs.
Industry 4.0 technologies incorporated with Delta PLC based Smart Home Automation for Rural Development
Authors: Sarangapani E , Narmadhai N , Santhosh N
Published: March 2021

The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is commonly used for electromechanical process automation. A home automation system is being developed using PLC. The proposed control module will consist of Model Functional Blocks device emulation. Upgrading human standards of living is the most important source of inspiration for the continuation of technological advances. Technology innovation directly and indirectly offers and enhances the protection and comfort of human beings. The advancement of technology for this reason directly affects the quality of living through the design of smart home systems. Smart home systems can be classified as local and remote in two ways. In this research, a smart home automation system design was carried out by using Delta PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). The control module provides fault detection, tolerance and switching on or off in sensitive areas for multiple components. Combining the PLC model with other devices, such as GSM is also possible. By supplying voice control and protection products, such a form of application would be highly helpful for the elderly and disabled persons. World is developing increasingly across the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we are designing a system that will track home appliances automatically and generate email or messanger notifications or make smart decisions using the IoT model. The key contribution of this paper is that it summarizes the use of IoT to track and regulate the market in industries with artificial intelligence. By optimizing the entire hardware assembly and software algorithms, the Delta PLC device is adjustable to satisfy demands, incorporating distinct home appliances in a short time. The PLC is simple to understand, and by using a single model, the system offers several solutions. The PLC will become the epic center for many new applications, as it is new but more powerful than previous systems.