bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Mangroves as a Source of Fire Wood: A Socio-Economic Study on Selected Mangroves in Southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Dayalatha W.K.V. , Ali S.K.M.
Published: March 2019

Mangrove forests are among the world‟s most productive ecosystems (Kathiresan and Bingham, 2001). This resource has faced depletion and degradation during the last few decades in Sri Lanka. This paper attempts to find the causative factors of depletion and degradation of mangroves in southern Sri Lanka during the twenty-three-year period from 1994 to 2017 and attempts to find the solutions to minimize it. Garaduwa, Mahamodara and Galdoowa lagoon areas and Polwatumodara river mouth area, are included in the study. The study used mixed-methods design for better understanding of the research problem. A questionnaire, focus group discussion (FGDs), observations and secondary data was used for this study. Google Earth maps and aerial photographs were used to estimate the mangrove resource use of the four selected mangrove areas. Approximately, 10 percent of the total householders of the study area (384) were consulted to collect primary data by using random sampling. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse the collected data, such as GIS mapping and analysis, standard deviation and percentage. The results highlight that the main methods of depletion and degradation of mangrove are used for firewood, settlements, development activities and conversion for agriculture. Mainly seven species were used for firewood (more than 50% of households). Socio-economic factors such as income, employment, ethnicity, distance to mangrove land, residential area, usage of gas for cooking, education level, and age (mangrove use of fuel) affected the higher use of mangrove resource as a fuel. A large number of householders who responded are still dependent on the wood stove for cooking. The results further reveal that many people collect fuel wood for their daily needs in every day. More than 44% of households do not have gas cookers and as a result, they used mangrove fuel wood as an alternate method for their cooking. Research is needed to reduce the threats and to understand mangrove species better, and to direct conservation initiatives. Alternative resources and methods to avoid the mangrove resource degradation has to be searched.
Association of renal cortical echogenicity and renal function in chronic kidney disease - sonographic study
Authors: Kodikara I. , Gamage D.T.K. , Nilmini K.W.G.P. , Nanayakkara B.G. , Ilayperuma I.
Published: March 2019

Ultrasonographically measured renal cortical echogenicity (RCE) is known to increase in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and of value in predicting the degree of renal function impairment. Renal function is routinely assessed by serum creatinine levels (Scr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of RCE with Scr and eGFR in CKD subjects.
Pneumatization of Anterior and Posterior clinoid processes - A preliminary study
Authors: Dissanayake S. , Dissanayake M.H.P. , Dissanayake P.H. , Yasawardene S.G.
Published: March 2019

During anterior and/or posterior clinoidectomies the knowledge on presence of pneumatization is useful for the neurosurgeon in order to prevent a cerebrospinal fistulae formation as a complication.
A Case Report on Blunt Chest Trauma
Authors: Ganga N.M.P.G. , Galketiya K.B.
Published: March 2019

Blunt chest trauma is a leading cause of death worldwide and may be missed in a poly-trauma patient. Multiple rib fractures, pneumothorax and lung contusions can cause ventilator insufficiency needing mechanical ventilation. Many patients can be managed non-operatively with timely use of intercostal drains, support of ventilation, pain relief and good physiotherapy.We present a case of 48 years old male patient with multiple chest injuries following a fall who had a remarkable recovery.
Development of Sports and Exercise Medicine in Sri Lanka - The role of SLSMA
Authors: Thurairaja Cheliah
Published: March 2019

This article contains updated extracts of the article, ‘SPORTS MEDIENCE’ which was published in ‘History of Medicine in Sri Lanka’ by Sri Lanka Medical Association (SLMA). “Organized physical activity for persons of all ages, performance enhancement of elite athletes, physical activity and exercise for health, recreational sports, and all aspects of formal exercise training need to follow the principles advocated in the science and technology of sports and exercise medicine to achieve enhancement in performance and obtain the benefits of exercise for health.”
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) for sports and exercise training
Authors: Udayanga M.A. Sajith
Published: March 2019

Athletes can improve their performance through training and recovery. To achieve their real potential, proper training load manipulation and adequate recovery are essential. Coaches and sports scientists use various methods to monitor athletes training load and recovery. However, most of the testing methods used in the fields are invasive, time-consuming and need specialised knowledge to collect and analyse data. Most importantly, these methods are not feasible to use in the field and expensive for everyday use. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been recognised as a reliable and non-invasive method to objectively monitor athletes during sports and exercise training that can be easily employed in the field. This article provides an overview to the heart rate variability methods and discusses its implications in monitoring athletes during sports and exercise.
Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy using vestibular approach
Authors: Rege SA , Janesh M , Surpam S , Shivane V , Arora A , Singh A
Published: March 2019

Background:

Thyroid Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) or transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy using vestibular approach is a recent advance embraced by the surgical community because of its potential for a scar-free thyroidectomy. In this article, we present our initial experience with this technique.

Materials and Methods:

We used a three-port technique through the oral vestibule, one 10 mm port for the laparoscope and two additional 5 mm ports for the endoscopic instruments required. The carbon dioxide insufflation pressure was set at 12 mm of Hg. Anterior cervical subplatysmal space was created from the oral vestibule down to the sternal notch, and the thyroidectomy was done using conventional laparoscopic instruments and a harmonic scalpel.

Results:

From May 2016 to December 2017, we have performed ten such procedures in the Department of General Surgery in our hospital, which is a tertiary referral center. Six patients had solitary thyroid nodules, for which a hemi-thyroidectomy was done. Four patients had multi-nodular goiter and total thyroidectomy or near-total thyroidectomy was done. The preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was suggestive of Bethesda class 2 lesions in all the patients with multinodular goiter and in five of the six patients with solitary nodular goiter. Only one patient with solitary nodular goiter had a Bethesda class 3 lesion on FNAC. The final histopathological report of the specimen was benign, either colloid goiter, or degenerative nodule in all cases of multinodular goiter and in four cases of solitary thyroid nodule. In one Bethesda class 2 solitary nodule, the histopathological report was suggestive of follicular carcinoma; in the Bethesda class 3 solitary nodule, the histopathological report was suggestive of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. No complication such as temporary or permanent vocal cord paralysis, hypoparathyroidism, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, tracheal injury, esophageal injury, mental nerve palsy, or surgical site infection was found postoperatively. However, two patients developed small hematomas in the midline.

Conclusion:

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy is a safe, feasible, and minimally invasive technique with excellent cosmetic results.
Um estudo das empresas dos alunos do curso de pós-graduação de micro e pequenos negócios - SEBRAE
Authors: Alves Oliveira Teles Tania Eliete , dos Anjos Rubia Carla
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this article was to describe and analyze the management practices adopted by owners of Micro and Small Business, attending the course of specialization in Micro and Small Business Management, developed by FAESA in collaboration with the SEBRAE/ES. It is a descriptive research with quantitative approach. The data were collected through a questionnaire, with close-ended questions, organized in five blocks: planning, marketing, business plan, case management and entrepreneurship. The questionnaire was applied to 30 entrepreneurs during the course. The results suggest that the managers of these companies have enterprising strokes, which contributed to the beginning of the business, but most have difficulty in the management for not having enough knowledge about managing a business however, although know and find important tools like cash flow, strategic planning, business plan, not implemented in their companies
Causes of a continuous summertime O3 pollution event in Jinan, a central city in the North China Plain
Authors: Lyu Xiaopu , Wang Nan , Guo Hai , Xue Likun , Jiang Fei , Zeren Yangzong , Cheng Hairong , Cai Zhe , Han Lihui , Zhou Ying
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In the summer of 2017, measurements of ozone (O3) and its precursors were
carried out at an urban site in Jinan, a central city in the North China
Plain (NCP). A continuous O3 pollution event was captured during
4–11 August, with the maximum hourly O3 mixing ratio reaching 154.1 ppbv.
Model simulation indicated that local photochemical formation and regional
transport contributed 14.0±2.3 and 18.7±4.0 ppbv h−1, respectively, to the
increase in O3 during 09:00–15:00 LT (local time) in this event.
For local O3 formation, the calculated OH
reactivities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO)
were comparable between O3 episodes and non-episodes (p>0.05), so
was the OH reactivity of nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, the
ratio of OH reactivity of VOCs and CO to that of NOx
increased from 2.0±0.4 s−1 s1 during non-episodes to
3.7±0.7 s−1 s1 during O3 episodes, which resulted in the change in
the O3 formation mechanism from the VOC-limited regime before the
O3 pollution event to the transitional regime during the event.
Correspondingly, the simulated local O3 production rate during the
event (maximum: 21.3 ppbv h−1) was markedly higher than that before
the event (p<0.05) (maximum: 16.9 ppbv h−1). Given that gasoline and
diesel exhaust made large contributions to the abundance of O3
precursors and the O3 production rate, constraint on vehicular
emissions is the most effective strategy to control O3 pollution in
Jinan. The NCP has been confirmed as a source region of tropospheric
O3, where the shift in regimes controlling O3 formation
like the case presented in this study can be expected across the entire
region, due to the substantial reductions of NOx emissions
in recent years.
Are contributions of emissions to ozone a matter of scale? – A study using MECO(n) (MESSy v2.50)
Authors: Mertens Mariano , Kerkweg Astrid , Grewe Volker , Jöckel Patrick , Sausen Robert
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Anthropogenic and natural emissions influence the tropospheric ozone budget, thereby affecting air-quality and climate. To study the influence of different emission sources on the ozone budget, often source apportionment studies with a tagged tracer approach are performed. Studies investigating air quality issues usually rely on regional models with a high spatial resolution, while studies focusing on climate related questions often use coarsely resolved global models. It is well known that simulated ozone concentrations depend on the resolution of the model and the resolution of the emission inventory. Whether the contributions simulated by source apportionment approaches also depend on the model resolution, however, is still unclear. Therefore, this study is a first attempt to analyse the impact of the model, the model resolution, and the emission inventory resolution on simulated ozone contributions diagnosed with a tagging method. The differences of the ozone contributions caused by these factors are compared with differences which arise due to different emission inventories. To do so we apply the MECO(n) model system which on-line couples a global chemistry-climate model with a regional chemistry-climate model equipped with a tagging scheme for source apportionment. The results of the global model (300 km resolution) are compared with the results of the regional model at 50 km (Europe) and 12 km (Germany) resolution. Averaged over Europe the simulated contributions of land transport emissions to ground-level ozone differ by 10 % at maximum. For other anthropogenic emission sources the differences are in the same order of magnitude, while the contribution of stratospheric ozone to ground level ozone differs by up to 30 % on average. This suggests that ozone contributions of anthropogenic emission sources averaged on continental scale are rather robust with respect to different models, model and emission inventory resolutions. On regional scale, however, we quantified differences of the contribution of land transport emissions to ozone of up to 20 %. Depending on the region the largest differences are either caused by inter model differences, or differences of the anthropogenic emission inventories. Clearly, the results strongly depend on the compared models and emission inventories and cannot necessarily be generalised, however we show how the inclusion of source apportionment methods can help in analysing inter-model differences.
Expansão urbana e a questão fundiária: um reflexo da segregação territorial nas regiões Norte, Noroeste e Meia Ponte de Goiânia - GO
Authors: Ramos Helci Ferreira , Nunes Fabrizia Gioppo
Published: March 2019

Tendo em vista a legalização ao direito à moradia, a presente proposta teve como intento central o diagnóstico e mapeamento do crescimento da malha urbana das regiões Norte, Noroeste e Meia Ponte, bem como da atual situação fundiária da posse legal de suas terras. Para alcançar tais objetivos, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico da ocupação histórica e social destas regiões, correlacionada, a sua periodização cartográfica. Como resultados foram gerados produtos cartográficos derivados da interpretação de imagens sensoriais, que ilustram a expansão da malha urbana entre1975 a 2015. A partir de dados da Prefeitura de Goiânia foram gerados também, mapas do processo evolutivo do loteamento do solo, entre os anos de 1950 a 2015 e da atual condição fundiária destes loteamentos. Os resultados indicam que apesar do esforço do Estado a partir da década de 90, a questão da situação fundiária até hoje não está totalmente resolvida, pois ainda são verificados alguns loteamentos e glebas de parcelamentos não aprovados por nenhuma organização pública e sem registros em cartório.
Whose “Mercy”? What “Sacrifice”? A Proposed Reading of Matthew’s Hosea 6:6 Quotations
Authors: Ribbens Benjamin J.
Published: March 2019

On two occasions, Matthew places the words of Hos 6:6a, “I desire mercy, not sacrifice,” on the lips of Jesus (Matt 9:9–13; 12:1–8). This essay proposes a new reading of the Hos 6:6a quotations in those Matthean contexts. Rather than reading ἔλεος (“mercy”)— in the sense of either human compassion or covenant faithfulness—as what the Pharisees lack (and Jesus has), ἔλεος may denote the covenant faithfulness that the tax collectors and sinners (9:9–13) and disciples (12:1–8) have toward Jesus. Θυσία (“sacrifice”), then, would represent the sacrificial system, which was the other means, besides covenant faithfulness to Jesus, to receive forgiveness and divine reconciliation.
Medidas alternativas ao processo penal: a mediação como meio extrajudicial de gerenciamento de conflitos penais na fase pré-processual
Authors: Freire Cylviane Maria Cavalcante de Brito Pinheiro
Published: March 2019

Este artigo apresenta estudo sobre a aplicação da mediação aos conflitos de natureza penal na fase pré-processual como meio adequado de pacificação social e solução alternativa ao processo penal. O objetivo consistiu em analisar se a mediação é uma via apropriada para gerenciar conflitos que podem reverberar na seara criminal. Examinou-se a utilização desse método autocompositivo em sede policial. A pesquisa foi qualitativa, de fonte bibliográfica, de finalidade exploratória, explicativa e descritiva. Observou-se que a viabilização de um elo de comunicação entre os indivíduos para que estes possam juntos e voluntariamente construir o consenso por meio do diálogo, sobretudo, quando no início de uma querela, é um importante mecanismo extrajudicial que pode evitar a deflagração de processos crimes desgastantes e ineficientes que acabam por não reparar o mal causado a vítima, não promovem a pacificação social, tampouco conseguem atender ao caráter transformador e restaurador de relacionamentos interpessoais.
Licenciamento ambiental: necessidade de simplificação
Authors: Garbaccio Grace Ladeira , Siqueira Lyssandro Norton , Antunes Paulo De Bessa
Published: March 2019

O licenciamento e avaliação de impactos, ao assegurar o conhecimento e a discussão pela sociedade das externalidades socioambientais de novos empreendimentos, são importantes instrumentos de proteção dos direitos humanos das populações direta e indiretamente afetadas. A importância desses instrumentos para a Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente (PNMA) acabou por gerar uma excessiva regulamentação normativa, criando um ambiente jurídico extremamente complexo instável. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar esse conjunto normativo com a sugestão de um modelo simplificado, sem que se perca a eficiência dos instrumentos.
You're out of order! Legal culture and contemporary sophists?
Authors: Xavier Bruno Gadelha , Krohling Aloísio
Published: March 2019

In terms of what can be termed "Juridical Culture", the representation of the legal professions gains a central contour. The intention of this article is precisely to work with the context of the formation of legal culture as a formulation of bourgeois Eurocentric thinking, aimed at perpetuating the capitalist discourse at the center of Latin American axiological dissemination. To do so, we will use a figurative resource to explain the argument, that is, a vision of the context of advocacy that will be demonstrated by what was termed "Al Pacino Syndrome", constructing an allegory for this writing.
Examination of Attitude Levels of Academic Personnel Towards Political Participation and Determination of Its Relationships with Organizational Commitment
Authors: Tolukan Ersan , Akyel Yakup
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of academic personnel working in faculties of sports sciences in universities towards political participation; to examine whether there was a significant difference between the attitudes of academicians towards political participation according to demographic characteristics; to determine the relationships between academic personnel’s attitudes towards political participation and their organizational commitment. The study, which was designed in the correlational survey model of the general survey models, was carried out together with 204 academicians working in universities in Central Anatolia Region. The data of the study were collected by means of using the Political Participation Scale and Organizational Commitment Scale. Descriptive statistics, difference tests and Pearson correlation coefficient were used in the process of data analysis. At the result of the research, it was determined that the feelings of political activity and the feelings of alienation of academic personnel as well as their political perceptions arising from the institution were generally at a medium level. It was determined that there was a positive relationship between the feelings of political activity and the dimensions of organizational commitment of academicians.
A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on polypyrrole/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide for the determination of imidacloprid
Authors: Chen Chenglong , Han Zhen , Lei Wu , Ding Yong , Lv Jingjing , Xia Mingzhu , Wang Fengyun , Hao Qingli
Published: March 2019

The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) and polypyrrole (PPy) prepared by simple cyclic voltammetry (CV) electropoly­merization. The PPy/ERGO modified electrode (PPy/ERGO/GCE) was used as a platform of electrochemical sensor to detect imidacloprid (IMI) insecticide. CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were chosen as the methods to investigate of the electrochemical behavior of IMI on PPy/ERGO/GCE surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectra were utilized to describe the morphology and structure of the modified electrode. Experimental parameters were optimized, such as the number of polymerization cycles, scan rate and the pH value of electrolyte. Under the optimized conditions, when the concentration of IMI was in the range of 1-10 μM and 10-60 μM, the increase of reduction peak current was linear with the concentration of IMI, and the low detection limit was found to be 0.18 μM (S/N = 3). Results showed that PPy/ERGO/GCE demonstrated satisfactory reproducibility and stability, and has great potential in actual sample testing.
AS FORMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA À MULHER SOB A PROTEÇÃO DA LEI N° 11.340/06 (LEI
MARIA DA PENHA)
Authors: Andrea de Souza Tainara
Published: March 2019

This article seeks to present and understand, in light of Law 11.340 / 06, this known as the Maria
da Penha law, we will see in article seventh, the types of domestic violence against women, listed
in its paragraphs, as well as the general considerations about such types of violence. The method
used was the legal deductive, applying the interpretation of the legislation and doctrine. It is
concluded that the main objective of this article is to demonstrate the forms of domestic and
family violence against women, which are physical, psychological, sexual, property and moral
violence.
La « crise migratoire » de 2015/16 en Europe : interprétation géohistorique
Authors: Piguet Étienne
Published: March 2019

Cet article analyse la croissance des demandes d’asile déposées sur le territoire ou à la frontière des démocraties occidentales et la « crise migratoire » qui s’en est suivie en 2015/16. Si la multiplication des foyers de violence à proximité de l’Europe a joué un rôle central, l’analyse doit être complétée par une prise en compte de trois évolutions géographiques de longue durée : le raccourcissement des distances, la crise des politiques de rétention et l’asymétrie géographique des droits. Elles permettent d’interpréter la réaction de fermeture des frontières comme une tentative de (re-)mise à distance des réfugiés dans un contexte de globalisation. Cette analyse complète par une approche géohistorique la littérature récente sur la « crise migratoire » centrée sur le rôle des partis populistes, la peur du terrorisme et les dis fonctionnements des mécanismes de solidarité.
The Development of the Asylum Law and Refugee Protection Regimes in Portugal, 1975–2017
Authors: Sousa Lúcio , Costa Paulo M.
Published: March 2019

This article examines the development of the legislation on asylum law and refugee policies in Portugal. The assessment begins in 1975, the year when democracy was re-established in the country, following the 1974 Carnation Revolution, and ends in 2015, the year the European asylum crisis started. We want to discuss whether, during this period, the policies established indicate an open regime, with an integrationist perspective, or whether they proclaim a closed regime with an exclusivist position; in other words, whether the asylum system promoted an active policy of receiving and integrating refugees, or whether the policies pursued intended to limit the access of refugees to the borders of the state. In order to understand these developments, we analyze asylum application figures and asylum laws, trying to understand the main circumstantial contexts that influence them, namely Portugal’s integration in the European Union.
“A Legacy of Confusion”: An Exploratory Study of Service Provision under the Reinstated Interim Federal Health Program
Authors: Chen Y.Y. Brandon , Gruben Vanessa , Liew Jamie Chai Yun
Published: March 2019

Afer years of cuts, Canada’s refugee health-care program, the Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP), was fully restored in 2016. In this exploratory study, eleven semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with refugee service providers in the City of Ottawa to learn about their experience with the restored IFHP to date. Five themes emerged from the interviews: service provision challenges during the years of IFHP cuts; support for IFHP restoration; entitlement gaps in the current IFHP; ongoing confusion about the IFHP; and administrative barriers deterring health professionals from IFHP participation. More research is needed to determine whether the identifed challenges with the reinstated IFHP arise on a national scale.
Examining the Intersection of Race, Gender, Class, and Age on Post-Secondary Education and Career Trajectories of Refugees
Authors: Bajwa Jaswant Kaur , Abai Mulugeta , Kidd Sean , Couto Sidonia , Akbari-Dibavar Aytak , McKenzie Kwame
Published: March 2019

This study examines the role of demographics on education and career trajectories of refugees’ in Canada from an intersectional perspective. It implemented a 14-week unique educational program that was completed by a total of 41 refugees’, over two cohorts with the goal to overcome barriers, bridge gaps and facilitate their transition into higher education. The data collected using semi-structured interview guide was analyzed using a constant comparative method. The findings suggest that a supportive educational model that promotes safety, sense of belonging and empowerment are critical to combat the structural racism, sexism and other discriminatory factors in accessing higher education.
Jornada sobre las consecuencias fiscales del plan de acción BEPS
Authors: Delgado Ana Maria
Published: March 2019

El 8 de octubre de 2018, los Estudios de Derecho y Ciencia Política de la UOC, en el marco del Máster Universitario de Fiscalidad, han organizado la X Jornada sobre problemas actuales de fiscalidad. En esta ocasión, la jornada se ha dedicado a las “Consecuencias fiscales del plan de acción BEPS” (http://symposium.uoc.edu/go/beps-2018). La dirección de la misma estuvo a cargo de Ana María Delgado García, Catedrática de Derecho Financiero y Tributario de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, y de Rafael Oliver Cuello, Catedrático de Derecho Financiero y Tributario de ESERP Business & Law School.
70 anys de Drets Humans. Una anàlisi crítica des de la pràctica dels Drets Humans
Authors: Marsan Raventós Clara
Published: March 2019

Jornada dedicada al análisis de la práctica de los derechos humanos en tres ámbitos de destacada actualidad como son los derechos humanos en el ámbito de la diplomacia, el derecho de asilo y los derechos socioeconómicos.
The science underlying frugal-innovations should not be frugal
Authors: Rao Balkrishna C
Published: March 2019

In recent years frugal products of the grassroots and advanced types are being widely used due to their sustainable nature and also affordability. However, despite the origins of frugality at grassroots level, grassroots innovations continue to be fabricated in an ad hoc manner that precludes application of science and are thus susceptible to premature failure. This work advocates the use of scientific principles for developing frugal products in general with emphasis on classical and new design methodologies that are rooted in science to save resources and, hence lower costs, while aiming for robust product-functionality. This paper sheds light on the importance of the safety factor in frugal designs and the need, from here onwards, of a factor of frugality for the systematic realization of both grassroots- and advanced frugal- products. In particular, adoption of the factor of frugality, that was developed recently, has been supported in this effort with a numerical example to display the effectiveness of applying science for designing from scratch frugal products that are both streamlined and robust in their functionality.
Arabic English Cross-Lingual Plagiarism Detection Based on Keyphrases Extraction, Monolingual and Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Al-Suhaiqi Mokhtar , Hazaa Muneer A. S. , Albared Mohammed
Published: March 2019

Due to rapid growth of research articles in various languages, cross-lingual plagiarism detection problem has received increasing interest in recent years. Cross-lingual plagiarism detection is more challenging task than monolingual plagiarism detection. This paper addresses the problem of cross-lingual plagiarism detection (CLPD) by proposing a method that combines keyphrases extraction, monolingual detection methods and machine learning approach. The research methodology used in this study has facilitated to accomplish the objectives in terms of designing, developing, and implementing an efficient Arabic – English cross lingual plagiarism detection.

This paper empirically evaluates five different monolingual plagiarism detection methods namely i)N-Grams Similarity, ii)Longest Common Subsequence, iii)Dice Coefficient, iv)Fingerprint based Jaccard Similarity  and v) Fingerprint based Containment Similarity. In addition, three machine learning approaches namely i) naïve Bayes, ii) Support Vector Machine, and iii) linear logistic regression classifiers are used for Arabic-English Cross-language plagiarism detection. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the key phrases extraction methods. In addition, Several experiments to investigate the performance of machine learning techniques to find the best method for Arabic-English Cross-language plagiarism detection.

According to the experiments of Arabic-English Cross-language plagiarism detection, the highest result was obtained using SVM   classifier with 92% f-measure. In addition, the highest results were obtained by all classifiers are achieved, when most of the monolingual plagiarism detection methods are used.
Sign‐on letter for SAPT increase due March 20
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2019

Representatives Paul Tonko (D‐New York) and Brian Fitzpatrick (R‐Pennsylvania) need signatures for their letter to the House Appropriations Committee urging a $500 million increase for the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) block grant in fiscal year 2020. “This funding stream serves as the cornerstone of States' substance abuse treatment, prevention, and recovery systems,” states the letter. “SAPT Block Grant funds, which are distributed by formula to all States and Territories, provide lifesaving treatment services to approximately 1.5 million individuals per year. In some States, the SAPT investment accounts for 100 percent of substance use prevention dollars. Unfortunately, SAPT Block Grant funding has not kept up with inflation, resulting in a 24 percent—or $444 million—decrease in actual funding since 2009.” The block grant has been just over $2 billion for decades. The letter requests that legislators fund just over $2.358 million for the SAPT block grant, which is equal to what the House of Representatives approved in the FY2019 Labor‐Health and Human Services Appropriations legislation and a $500 million increase over current funding levels. To sign on to the letter, contact Jeff Morgan in Rep. Tonko's office at jeff.morgan@mail.house.gov or Joseph Knowles in Rep. Fitzpatrick's office at joseph.knowles@mail.house.gov.
3D Printing and Digital Processing Techniques in Dentistry: A Review of Literature
Authors: Lin Liwei , Fang Yingfeng , Liao Yuxuan , Chen Gang , Gao Chunxia , Zhu Peizhi
Published: March 2019

In recent years, the rapid development of 3D printing technologies lead to its new applications in the area of healthcare and medicine, including dentistry, orthopedics, cardiovascular, pharmaceutics, neurosurgery, engineered tissue models, medical devices, and anatomical models. Dentistry is widely acknowledged to benefit from 3D printing technologies due to its needs for the customization and personalization of dental products. In this review, the authors discuss and summarize various 3D imaging technologies and the recent advances of 3D digital processing techniques in dentistry in an effort to give a new perspective and greater understanding of the current development of 3D printing technologies in dentistry. It is anticipated that this review will explore why 3D printing is important to dentistry, and why dentistry motivates development in 3D printing applications. Further, current challenges and further perspectives are also discussed which helps researchers to optimize the 3D printing technology in dentistry, improve 3D printing strategies, and direct future dental bioprinting and translational applications.
Surface Instability and Chemical Reactivity of ZrSiS and ZrSiSe Nodal‐Line Semimetals
Authors: Boukhvalov Danil W. , Edla Raju , Cupolillo Anna , Fabio Vito , Sankar Raman , Zhu Yanglin , Mao Zhiqiang , Hu Jin , Torelli Piero , Chiarello Gennaro , Ottaviano Luca , Politano Antonio
Published: March 2019

Materials exhibiting nodal‐line fermions promise superb impact on technology for the prospect of dissipationless spintronic devices. Among nodal‐line semimetals, the ZrSiX (X = S, Se, Te) class is the most suitable candidate for such applications. However, the surface chemical reactivity of ZrSiS and ZrSiSe has not been explored yet. Here, by combining different surface‐science tools and density functional theory, it is demonstrated that the formation of ZrSiS and ZrSiSe surfaces by cleavage is accompanied by the washing up of the exotic topological bands, giving rise to the nodal line. Moreover, while the ZrSiS has a termination layer with both Zr and S atoms, in the ZrSiSe surface, reconstruction occurs with the appearance of Si surface atoms, which is particularly prone to oxidation. It is demonstrated that the chemical activity of ZrSiX compounds is mostly determined by the interaction of the Si layer with the ZrX sublayer. A suitable encapsulation for ZrSiX should not only preserve their surfaces from interaction with oxidative species, but also provide a saturation of dangling bonds with minimal distortion of the surface.
Monodisperse and Uniform Mesoporous Silicate Nanosensitizers Achieve Low‐Dose X‐Ray‐Induced Deep‐Penetrating Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Sun Wenjing , Shi Tianhang , Luo Li , Chen Xiaomei , Lv Peng , Lv Ying , Zhuang Yixi , Zhu Jinjie , Liu Gang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Chen Hongmin
Published: March 2019

X‐ray‐induced photodynamic therapy (X‐PDT) combines both the advantages of radiotherapy (RT) and PDT, and has considerable potential applications in clinical deep‐penetrating cancer therapy. However, it is still a major challenge to prepare monodisperse nanoscintillators with uniform size and high light yield. In this study, a general and rapid synthesis method is presented that can achieve large‐scale preparation of monodisperse and uniform silicate nanoscintillators. By simply adjusting the metal dopants, silicate nanoscintillators with controllable size and X‐ray‐excited optical luminescence (450–900 nm) are synthesized by employing a general ion‐incorporated silica‐templating method. To make full use of external radiation, the silicate nanoscintillators are conjugated with photosensitizer rose bengal and arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptide, making them intrinsically dual‐modal targeted imaging probes. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the silicate nanosensitizers can accumulate effectively in tumors and achieve significant inhibitory effect on tumor progression under low‐dose X‐ray irradiation, while minimally affecting normal tissues. The insights gained in this study may provide an attractive route to synthesize nanosensitizers to overcome some of the limitations of RT and PDT in cancer treatment.
Vesicular Antibodies: A Bioactive Multifunctional Combination Platform for Targeted Therapeutic Delivery and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Xue , Liu Chao , Zheng Zizheng , Chen Siyuan , Pang Xin , Xiang Xinchu , Tang Jixian , Ren En , Chen Yuanzhi , You Min , Wang Xiaoyong , Chen Xiaoyuan , Luo Wenxin , Liu Gang , Xia Ningshao
Published: March 2019

The ability to selectively kill cancerous cell populations while leaving healthy cells unaffected is a key goal in oncology. The use of nanovesicles (NVs) as chemotherapeutic delivery vehicles has been recently proven successful, yet monotherapy with monomodalities remains a significant limitation for solid tumor treatment. Here, as a proof of principle, a novel cell‐membrane‐derived NVs that can display full‐length monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is engineered. The high affinity and specificity of mAb for tumor‐specific antigens allow these vesicular antibodies (VAs) to selectively deliver a cytotoxic agent to tumor cells and exert potent inhibition effects. These VAs can also regulate the tumor immune microenvironment. They can mediate antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity to eradicate tumor cells via recruitment and activation of natural killer cells in the tumor. Upon further encapsulation with chemotherapeutic agents, the VAs show unequaled cooperative effects in chemotherapy and immunotherapy in tumor‐bearing mice. As far as it is known, this is the first report of a VA‐based multifunctional combination therapy platform. This might lead to additional applications of vesicular antibodies in cancer theranostics.
Control of Molecular Orientation in Organic Semiconductor Films using Weak Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Watanabe Yuichiro , Yokoyama Daisuke , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Katagiri Hiroshi , Ito Takashi , Ohisa Satoru , Chiba Takayuki , Sasabe Hisahiro , Kido Junji
Published: March 2019

Use of the intrinsic optoelectronic functions of organic semiconductor films has not yet reached its full potential, mainly because of the primitive methodology used to control the molecular aggregation state in amorphous films during vapor deposition. Here, a universal molecular engineering methodology is presented to control molecular orientation; this methodology strategically uses noncovalent, intermolecular weak hydrogen bonds in a series of oligopyridine derivatives. A key is to use two bipyridin‐3‐ylphenyl moieties, which form self‐complementary intermolecular weak hydrogen bonds, and which do not induce unfavorable crystallization. Another key is to incorporate a planar anisotropic molecular shape by reducing the steric hindrance of the core structure for inducing π–π interactions. These synergetic effects enhance horizontal orientation in amorphous organic semiconductor films and significantly increasing electron mobility. Through this evaluation process, an oligopyridine derivative is selected as an electron‐transporter, and successfully develops highly efficient and stable deep‐red organic light‐emitting devices as a proof‐of‐concept.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Coupling of Sulfones via the Extrusion of Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Yu Tian‐Yang , Zheng Zhao‐Jing , Bai Jing‐Hua , Fang Hong , Wei Hao
Published: March 2019

We describe a method for intramolecular desulfonylative coupling using bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel as a catalyst. A broad range of aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic sulfones can be utilized as substrates in this process. This method provides an atom‐economical route to the synthesis of various biaryls and an efficient tool for the catalytic conversion of sulfonyl groups, representing a significant advancement in organic synthesis

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Metal‐Free Synthesis of Thiosulfonates via Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Li Guoqing , Gan Ziyu , Kong Kexin , Dou Xiaomeng , Yang Daoshan
Published: March 2019

A simple and catalyst‐free strategy was developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical thiosulfonates using readily available DABCO⋅(SO2)2 as a solid and bench‐stable sulfur dioxide surrogate. The corresponding thiosulfonates were obtained through a radical pathway with good functional group tolerance. This strategy offers a promising synthesis method for the construction of diverse and useful thiosulfonates in the field of synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry and extends the number of still limited sulfur dioxide fixation strategies.

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Scalable Wire‐Type Asymmetric Pseudocapacitor Achieving High Volumetric Energy/Power Densities and Ultralong Cycling Stability of 100 000 Times
Authors: Gui Qiuyue , Wu Lingxia , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping
Published: March 2019

Wire‐shaped asymmetric pseudocapacitors with both pseudocapacitive cathode and anode are promising in facilitating device assembly and provide highly efficient power sources for wearable electronics. However, it is a great challenge to simultaneously obtain high energy and power as well as ultralong cycling life for practical demands of such devices. Herein, a device design with new cathode/anode coupling is proposed to achieve excellent comprehensive performance in a wire‐type quasi‐solid‐state asymmetric pseudocapacitor (WQAP). The hierarchical α‐MnO2 nanorod@δ‐MnO2 nanosheet array cathode and MoO2@C nanofilm anode are directly grown on flexible tiny Ti wires by well‐established hydrothermal and electrodeposition techniques, which ensures rapid charge/mass transport kinetics and the sufficient utilization of pseudocapacitance. The nanoarray/film electrode also facilitates integration with gel electrolyte of polyvinyl alcohol–LiCl, guaranteeing the durability. The resulting WQAP with 2.0 V voltage delivers high volumetric energy and power densities (9.53 mWh cm−3 and 22720 mW cm−3, respectively) as well as outstanding cycling stability over 100 000 times, surpassing all the previously reported WQAPs. In addition, the device can be facilely connected in parallel or in series with minimal internal resistance, and be fabricated at the 1 m scale with excellent flexibility. This work opens the way to develop high‐performance integrated wire supercapacitors.
SATB2‐associated syndrome in patients from Japan: Linguistic profiles
Authors: Yamada Mamiko , Uehara Tomoko , Suzuki Hisato , Takenouchi Toshiki , Yoshihashi Hiroshi , Suzumura Hiroshi , Mizuno Seiji , Kosaki Kenjiro
Published: March 2019

Cleft palate can be classified as either syndromic or nonsyndromic. SATB2‐associated syndrome is one example of a syndromic cleft palate that is accompanied by intellectual disability, and various dental anomalies. SATB2‐associated syndrome can be caused by several different molecular mechanisms including intragenic mutations and deletions of SATB2. Here, we report two patients with SATB2 truncating mutations (p.Arg239* and p.Asp702Thrfs*38) and one with a 4.4 megabase deletion including the SATB2 locus. All three patients had cleft palate and other dysmorphic features including macrodontia wide diastema. None of the three patients had acquired any meaningful words at the age of 5 years. In a review of the linguistic natural history of presently reported three patients and 30 previously reported patients, only two patients had attained verbal skills beyond speaking a few words. This degree of delayed speech contrasts with that observed in the prototypic form of syndromic cleft palate, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The recognition of SATB2‐associated syndrome prior to palatoplasty would be important for plastic surgeons and the families of patients because precise diagnosis should provide predictive information regarding the future linguistic and intellectual abilities of the patients. Macrodontia with a wide diastema and cleft palate is a helpful and highly suggestive sign for the diagnosis of SATB2‐associated syndrome.
Ecogeographic patterns in fetal limb proportions
Authors: Waxenbaum Erin B. , Warren Michael W. , Holliday Trenton W. , Byrd John E. , Cole Theodore M.
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Humans generally comply with the ecological rule of Allen (1877), with populations from tropical environments exhibiting body proportions in which limb segments are long relative to trunk height compared to temperate groups. This study tests whether ecogeographic differences in intralimb proportions are identifiable among two modern fetal samples of differing ancestry.

Materials and methods

Data are derived from radiographic measurements of long bone diaphyseal length and crown‐heel length (CHL) of contemporary, spontaneously aborted fetuses of African Americans (“black”) of assumed African (tropical) ancestry and European Americans (“white”) of assumed European (temperate) ancestry (n = 184). Population individual limb elements, brachial, and crural indices are compared via analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). Potential patterns of divergent allometric growth are quantified through principal components analysis (PCA).

Results

African ancestral distal limb elements were consistently, albeit slightly, longer than those of European ancestry, relative to CHL. None of the ANCOVA interactions with ancestry are statistically significant for limb indices. The radius was the only single element that displayed a statistically significant ancestry effect (p = 0.0435) equating to a 1 mm difference. PCA highlights that upper limbs demonstrate negative allometry and lower limbs demonstrate positive allometry with sample‐specific multivariate growth patterns being nearly identical. Differences in growth allometry late in gestation make little contribution to observed differences in adult limb proportions.

Discussion

No statistically significant ecogeographic patterns were appreciated among intralimb proportions between these groups during the fetal period. This study contributes to a greater appreciation of phenotypic plasticity, ecogeographic variation in ontogeny, and the evolution of modern human diversity.
The quest for sustainable employment: Challenges faced by young people during the job‐search process
Authors: Moore Katherine
Published: March 2019

Young people who are unable to find and sustain employment are at risk for long‐term social and economic exclusion. Active labour market policies (ALMPs) addressing the problem of youth unemployment have focused on building the employability skills of young job seekers to expand their employment opportunities. Yet research exploring how young people navigate the job‐search process is limited. Drawing on interviews with young Australian job seekers and their employment consultants, this article addresses the questions of how young people navigate entry into employment through the job‐search process and what challenges they face. The study revealed three common frustrations experienced by the young people during their job‐search: employers' expectations of relevant work experience in the young person's preferred occupation, being required to apply for jobs not aligned with their career aspirations, and the impact of personal factors on their ability to confidently present themselves to prospective employers. The findings highlight the need for ALMPs and employers to facilitate positive employability support mechanisms that will build a stable platform from which young people can build a trajectory towards sustainable employment to reduce long‐term youth unemployment.