bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Juzam (Leprosy) and Its Treatment in Unani Medicine
Authors: Zafarullah M. , Bano Hasina , Vohora S. B.
Published: November 2004

Juzam (leprosy) is attributed to excessive accumulation, infiltration and dispersal of sauda (burnt humours) throughout the body disturbing the normal temperament of the organs. A variety of causative factors responsible for excessive produciton of retention of sauda are enumerated. Unani simples plants, animals and minerals and formulations used for the treatment of leprosy are tabulated with recipes, methods of preparation, doses and modes of administration.
The Treatment of Dysmenorrhea by Acupuncture
Authors: Steinberger Autun
Published: November 2004

Forty-eight female patients suffering from dysmenorrhea in various degrees were treated by acupuncture. Seven standard acupuncture loci were selected. Acupuncture was given only 5 times to 44 of these patients. The results were analyzed after 6 to 12 months. Although the therapy was short, limited to only 7 points and uniform, satisfactory results were found in more than 80% of the cases.
A Preliminary Report on an Attempt to Modify Behavior of Untamed Ponies by Acupuncture
Authors: Hwang Y. C. , Held J. P.
Published: November 2004

A preliminary study using various acupuncture techniques to modify behavior of untamed ponies was attempted. In five of the seven parameters, the animals' behavioral responses were unaffected by acupuncture treatments. However, substantial improvement of general behavior of the nervous ponies was observed in animals treated with jaw and scutiform points. The results are not conclusive and further testing of acupuncture as a means of modifying animal behavior is desirable.
Understanding and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus by Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Chen Keji
Published: November 2004

This paper reviews the understanding and treatment of diabetes mellitus in traditional Chinese medicine from ancient times to the present day. The most valuable ancient medical books and the most commonly used plants are enumerated in this paper.
Role of the Subsequently Activated Receptors in Electro-Acupuncture of the Rat
Authors: Kawakita Kenji , Hwa Masaya
Published: November 2004

Role of the subsequently excited receptors elicited by tetanic muscular contraction in electro-acupuncture analgesia was examined. Conditioning stimulation of the nerve (CPN) as well as electro-acupuncture induced a significant delay of the tail flick latencies of the rat with weak intensity of stimulus (1.01-1.5 x DFT), and this effect was abolished after section of the nerve at a point distal to the stimulating electrode. Electrophysiological data indicate that a small amplitude of the A large fiber group's potential was recorded with the intensity range of 1.0-1.5 x DFT. These facts suggest that the analgesic effect induced by weak stimulation is not the result of direct excitation of afferent fibers but the result of subsequent activation of receptors provoked by tetanic muscular contraction. The possible receptors are proposed and their participation in acupuncture analgesia also discussed. CPN = the common peroneal nerve; DFT = dorsal flexion threshold (1.0 x DFT = 1.15 x Tα).
A Method of Electro-Acupuncture Treatment for Equine Intestinal Impaction
Authors: Feng Ke-rong
Published: November 2004

A method of electro-acupuncture for treatment of intestinal impaction of the horse was reported. The unique technique of the treatment includes deep needle insertion and the "triple tetanic treatment". Possible mechanism of this form of treatment was discussed.
Chinese Medicine and Martial Arts
Authors: Koh T. C.
Published: November 2004

Wushu (Martial Arts), mistakenly known in the West as Kung-Fu, is a system of Chinese boxing which is closely linked with the traditional practice of Chinese medicine. Many of the masters (Sifu) are Chinese physicians who often recommend health exercises and the soft form of martial arts to their patients, while the hard form is suitable for sport and self-defense. Martial arts is a great discipline for body and mind, suitable for all who treasure physical and mental health.
Certain Progress in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease with Traditional Medicinal Plants in China
Authors: Chen Keji
Published: November 2004

A case of coronary heart disease in China was confirmed by the necropsy of a female body unearthed from the tomb at Changsha. It proved that such a case existed about 2,100 years ago. Research in reducing the frequency of myocardial infarction by traditional medicinal plants showed the effect of several herbs. The traditional aromatic and warm herbal medicines may have the possibility of relieving coronary arterial spasm. The clinical and experimental observations proved that the Huoxue-huayu plants' action against blood platelet aggregation and against attack was effective.
Oriental Medicine: "A Computerized Study of Complex Recipes and Their Componets: Analysis of Prescriptions Used in the Traditional Medicine of Japan and Korea"
Authors: Brekhman I. I. , Grinevitch M. A.
Published: November 2004

The materials presented here were obtained through a computerized study of 158 Chinese, 204 Korean and 196 Japanese traditional prescriptions with complex and multicomponent characteristics. Oriental medicine strives to complicate sets of prescriptions by using complex recipes and duplicating agents possessing identical effects. The absence of intolerability and side effects of these prescriptions may be given to account for their complexity far closer to the information contents of living bodies than modern scientific medicines which frequently apply substances synthesized or extracted from plants in pure form. Oriental remedial therapy is founded on the use of natural medicines of plant-, animal-, and mineral origin in the form of relatively large amounts of non-treated multi-component mixtures with a preferentially general effect on the organism. It involves the use of the underground parts of plants, aqueous extracts or ground medicinal raw materials. The absence of intensely active and poisonous plants and the scarcity of alkaloid-bearing plants explain the use of remedial mixtures in relatively large doses. Agents possessing antitoxic, anti-inflammatory and especially toning effects are most frequently used. Toning herbs should be given increased attention. A synthesis of traditional medicine and contemporary science on chemical composition and action of remedial plants and animals, and also on the effects that arise with applying complex prescriptions is essentially needed.
Changes of the Jaw Opening Reflex Activity by Electroacupuncture Stimulation in Rat
Authors: Toda Kazuo
Published: November 2004

After electroacupuncture stimulation applied to bilateral Ho-Ku points in the rat forepaw, jaw opening reflex to tooth pulp stimulation was fairly suppressed, but that to gingiva, upper lip or lower lip stimulation was scarely affected. By direct stimulation of afferent sensory pathway in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, jaw opening reflex was also evoked. Suppressive effects of electroacupuncture were more markedly observed when the jaw opening reflex was evoked by stimulating the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus than when the reflex was evoked by stimulation of the rostral area of the nucleus. One of the main action sites of the electroacupuncture on the jaw opening reflex was the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus, which is the secondary neuron level in the trigeminal noxious sensory pathway, suggesting that electroacupuncture can provoke the pain suppressive effects strongly in the lower part of the brain with the higher brain function being intact. Therefore, this observation is thought to be well coincident with clinical data that acupuncture produces analgesia without affecting patients' consciousness during surgical operations.
An Experimental Study on the Enhancing Effects of Phenylalanine on Acupuncture Analgesia
Authors: Kitade T. , Minamikawa M. , Nawata T. , Shinohara S. , Hyodo M. , Hosoya E.
Published: November 2004

In this preliminary study we examined the enhancing effect of D-phenylalanine on acupuncture anesthesia. We made 4 different kinds of experiments with 3 volunteers. The results show that D-phenylalanine extends the analgesic effect of acupuncture analgesia remarkably, with no exception in 3 cases. According to these facts, we believe that these findings have an important meaning for those who are engaged in acupuncture treatment or research.
Effects of Needle Stimulation of Acupuncture Loci Nei-Kuan (EH-6), Tsu-San-Li (St-36), San-Yin-Chiao (Sp-6) and Chu-Chih (LI-11) on Cutaneous Temperature and Pain Threshold in Normal Adults
Authors: Lin Mao-Tsun , Chandra Andi , Chen-Yen Sou-Mei
Published: November 2004

The effects of stimulation of acupuncture loci Nei-Kuan (EH-6), Tsu-San-Li (St-36), San-Yin-Chiao (Sp-6) and Chu-Chih (LI-11) on cutaneous circulation and/or pain threshold were assessed in eight normal adults. Stimulation of acupuncture locus San-Yin-Chiao (located in the right leg) produced vasoconstriction in the right leg skin temperature (Tright leg) and in the left leg skin temperature (Tleft leg). There was no change in either right arm skin temperature (Tright arm), left arm skin temperature (Tleft arm), metabolic rate, or respiratory evaporative heat loss. Stimulation of Nei-Kuan (located in the right arm) produced vasoconstriction only in both Tright arm and Tleft arm without changes in Tright leg and Tleft leg. Stimulation of acupuncture locus Tsu-San-Li (located in the left leg) produced vasoconstriction in both Tleft leg and Tright leg without changes in either Tright arm or Tleft arm. Stimulation of acupuncture locus of Chu-Chih (located in the left arm) produced vasodilatation in both Tleft arm and Tright arm without changes in either Tright leg and Tleft leg. On the other hand, stimulation of acupuncture locus San-Yin-Chiao (right side) produced analgesia only in the right foot sole, while stimulation of acupuncture locus Chu-Chih (left side) produced analgesia only in the left hand palm. Thus, the data indicate that each acupuncture locus may have its own way topographical representation with special reference to both cutaneous circulation and pain threshold in normal adults.
Ventilatory Responses to Carbon Dioxide and Hypoxia During Acupuncture Anesthesia in Rabbits
Authors: Homma I. , Kobayashi K. , Koizumi H. , Liao Y. H.
Published: November 2004

Ventilatory responses to CO2 or hypoxia were examined in rabbits during acupuncture anesthesia and compared with responses during pentobarbital anesthesia. The responses during pentobarbital anesthesia were significantly less than those during acupuncture anesthesia. The results showed that acupuncture analgesia was effective during performance of these experiments.
The Acupuncture Treatment of Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Coan Ralph M. , Wong Grace , Coan Patricia L.
Published: November 2004

Thirty patients with cervical spine pain syndromes persisting a mean of 8 years were assigned randomly into equal treatment and control groups. After 12 weeks, 12 of 15 (80%) of the treated group felt improved, some dramatically, with a mean 40% reduction of pain score, 54% reduction of pain pills, 68% reduction of pain hours per day and 32% less limitation of activity. Two of 15 (13%) of the control group reported slight improvement after 12.8 weeks. The control group had a mean 2% worsening of the pain score, 10% reduction in pain pills, no lessening of pain hours and 12% less limitation of activity.
T'ao-t'ieh, a Motif of Chinese Funerary Art as the Iconographic Counterpart of Cinnabar, an Alchemical Drug
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

The agency conferring resurrection is soul or its emblem. The earliest conception of soul is blood. Its Redness penetrates subsoil and is taken up by serpent, from whence arises snake-soul, later snake-god. Blood vapours is the other fraction arising upwards. It becomes wraith bird, later soul bird, and finally bird god. Blood as whole gave snake-god plus bird-god. A winged-cobra became snake-god and bird-god or together, one-as-all. Red Cock was its equivalent. As substance came cinnabar, red like blood and sublimable like soul. Dragon was idealized snake-god. Then Dragon-god plue Bird-god became the equal of blood soul, the magical power. T'ao-t'ieh is Dragon-plus-Bird, snake-god plus bird-god, the equivalent of Cosmic soul. Then cinnabar as the equal of blood soul and T'ao-t'ieh, the emblem of Cosmic soul, each were capable of conferring resurrection and have been interred in Chinese graves.
Immunopharmacology of Chinese Medicine 1, Ginseng Induced Immunosuppression In Virus-Infected Mice
Authors: Yeung H.W. , Cheung K. , Leung K.N.
Published: November 2004

Total saponins extracted from Panax ginseng, when injected into mice at a dose of approximately 10 mg/kg body weight, have no significant effect on the generation of cytotoxic T cell activity, induction of natural killer cell activity and humoral antibody production in mice infected subsequently with A/WSN influenza virus. The saponins, however, selectively suppressed the delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to the virus when administrated to the animals before but not after virus sensitization. Thus, ginseng pretreatment can induce immunological unresponsiveness in one arm of the immune system. Such selective immunosuppression effect of the total saponins of ginseng may be related to their steroid-like structure.
The Effects of Treatment with Antibiotics, Laser and Acupuncture upon Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis in Children
Authors: Pothman R. , Yeh H.L.
Published: November 2004

In a clinical study we compared three different types of therapy in chronic maxillary sinusitis. 45 patients, 3-40 years old, were treated, 19 with antibiotics, 18 with acupuncture and 8 with Laser-acupuncture. There was no statistical difference of results between Laser-therapy and antibiotics (Chi-Square-Test). Compared to previous treatments with antibiotics, results and duration of improvement was significantly better after acupuncture. Conclusion: Acute sinusitis, especially of frontal sinus and in younger children, will better be treated by antibiotics because of the danger of osteomyelitis and meningitis. Acupuncture should be tried in chronic and recurrent stages after exclusion of large adenoids in children or bone inhibition of sinus clearance, especially before an invasive operation like removal of sinus mucosa is carried out.
Tai Chi and Ankylosing Spondylitis - A Personal Experience
Authors: Koh T.C.
Published: November 2004

On the suggestion of a Chinese physician the author took up Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese exercise, in an attempt to relieve symptoms from his moderately severe ankylosing spondylitis. Conventional medical therapy, used over a 15 year period, had proven of only limited benefit. Tai Chi consists of a series of intricate exercise sequences, and after 2½ years of daily practice the author now feels stronger and healthier than before. Pain, weakness and general malaise return if practice is neglected for as little as one week. It is felt that Tai Chi is of value in minimizing the flexion deformity of the spine. Improved skeletal muscle strength, limb co-ordination, balance, chest movement and ability to relax are further benefits.
Soma Juice as Administered to a Newly Born Child Being Mentioned in Rigveda
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

Primitive life faced dangers to life during delivery and also the newly born. As a prophylactic measure Soma juice was consumed by the mother and was the first drink given to the child. This custom has survived among the Parsis. A verse in Rigveda, hiherto overlooked, is offered implying the rite previously existed even among the Vedic Ayrans.
Cerebral Infarction Improved by Safflower Treatment
Authors: Kuang Pei-gen , Zhou Xin-fu , Zhang Feng-yin , Lang Sen-yang , Yang Zou-lian
Published: November 2004

The effect of safflower on cerebral infarction was studied in 152 Mongolian gerbils. Sixty-three animals were evaluated neurological deficit over 8 hours postoperation, then sacrificed and NE, DA and 5-HT contents of each cerebral hemisphere and brain stem were determined. NE, DA and 5-HT of hemisphere ipsilateral to the ligated artery in untreated animals declined significantly compared with sham-operated animals and safflower-treated gerbils. There was no significant difference between safflower-treated and sham-operated animals in NE, DA and 5-HT contents. The mean stroke index at 8 hours in safflower treated animals was 2.1 ± 0.7, whereas untreated gerbils was 7.8 ± 1.9 ( P < 0.01). Eighty-nine animals were followed up for 5 days, the safflower-treated animals showed a benign clinical course and mortality rate was reduced by 29.7% (6/34 vs. 26/55) in safflower-treated animals compared with untreated animals ( P < 0.01). Safflower has a protective and beneficial effect on cerebral ischemia induced in Mongolian gerbils.
Changes in the Electrical Skin Resistance on Meridians During Gastric Surgery Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Ogata Hiromaru , Matsumoto Tadasu , Tsukahara Hidezi
Published: November 2004

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate how the skin resistance on accumulation points is modified by general anesthesia in gastric surgery and whether the stomach meridian shows particular changes or not. Ten patients were induced with 5 mg/kg of thiopental and maintained with nitrous oxide-oxygen-halothane. The skin resistance on 12 meridians decreased gradually from an average 432 K Ω before anesthesia to an average of 266 K Ω at the end of surgery. However, the kidney and the bladder meridians showed a trend to exceptional increase by a maximum of 100 and 73 percent, respectively. The skin resistance on the stomach meridian showed only a 23 percent decrease and no particular changes. No significant difference was noted in the change rate of meridians between the Yin and Yang groups. Comparison of these changes with those under acupuncture or local anesthesia during ophthalmic surgery was discussed.
Acupuncture and Rehabilitation (II) Study in Cases of Snapping Finger
Authors: Arichi Shigeru , Arichi Hideko , Toda Shizuo
Published: November 2004

We found that "juci" appearing in "Wangdinlijingsumen" is very effective in the treatment of snapping fingers: It was revealed that the finger became able to move immediately after the acupuncture had been carried out on the healthy side at the symmetrical part to the leison. The snapping fingers were improved by the flection-extension exercise and the massage carried out while the effect of acupuncture continued because the joint could move normally during this period. Since this result accords with the principle that the exercise with the extending motility allow an augmentation in effects of rehabilitation (Reha), authors think this therapy is extremely valuable. In this paper, some cases of difficult snapping finger treated with this therapy were reported.
Recent Developments in Clinical Acupuncture
Authors: Tsuei Julia J.
Published: November 2004

Recent developments in the field of clinical acupuncture in the USA and worldwide are reviewed. The discovery of β-endorphin in support of acupuncture pain relief is discussed. Other neurotransmitters in relation to the mechanism of action of acupuncture are examined. The uses of acupuncture in treating functional disorders are listed and discussed. Supporting evidence from animal experimentation is examined. The electro-acupuncture according to Voll (EAV) system is introduced as a means to standardize the therapeutic effectiveness of acupuncture. With standardization of the therapeutic effectiveness of this procedure, the author sees acupuncture as a simple, economical and effective treatment modality.
Outline of the Beginnings of Alchemy and its Antecedents
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

There has been a long use of Simples as drugs of longevity. Among these red substances predominated, red ochre and cinnabar as minerals, ephedra bearing red berries and pomegranate and peach as vegetable products. In China herbalism became a cult of longevity with its legendary founder as Emperor Shen Nung and with the god of longevity finally emerging from the peach as Shou-Sing. To excell simple drugs of longevity the first synthetic drug was prepared a brick red colloidal gold. It was called Chin-I. Gold-cum-herbal juice. Dialectally it was prounounced Kim-Iya, whence Alkimiya in Arabic, and finally alchemy. Chin-I was Herbo-golden drug and also gold-making-juice, a miraculous substance. But it was not blood-red. Now came Chin-Tan, Cinnabar-gold, red like blood. Its redness equalled blood and as such was soul, gold as its acceptor had an everlasting body. Chin-Tan was designed as the ideal drug of longevity. Alchemy started by making and red gold but degenerated, trying to make bullion gold.
Tan, Cinnabar, as Drug of Longevity Prior to Alchemy
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

Alchemy as the art of gold making never existed and had no beginning. It arose as the cult of longevity using simples, like gold and cinnabar, as drugs of longevity. It became alchemy on making the first synthetic drug, Chin-Yeh, Gold-plus-herbal juice, and reached its ideal with Chin-Tan, Gold-plus-cinnabar. The former was red colloidal gold, the latter vermillion with traces of gold. As inscribed character Tan shows crude cinnabar, pulverized, lagigated and filtered on a rectanglar piece of cloth.
Vibratory Stimulation for the Alleviation of Pain
Authors: Lundeberg T.
Published: November 2004

In the present study 66 patients suffering from chronic myalgia were given vibratory stimulation as a pain relieving measure. Several of these patients had previously undergone treatments of various kinds without any significant relief. Forty-one patients reported a significant (20%) reduction of pain during vibratory stimulation. The best pain reducing site was found to be either the area of pain, a trigger or acupuncture point outside the painful area. The best pain reducing effect was obtained when the vibratory stimulation was applied with moderate pressure (1.0 kg) over the underlying structures. To obtain a maximal duration of pain relief the stimulation had to be applied for about 30 minutes.
Indian and Chinese Cosmologies Reconsidered
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

Indian and Chinese cosmic elements are five. They originate from a common source, Bralrma in Indian and Thai-chi in Chinese. The first created element is Mu = Tree, not wood, and life-form itself, immovable but moves everything else - Akaska in Indian cosmology. Dryness = Metal in Chinese, Moisture = Earth. Fire as Heat and Water as Cold, are common to both systems.
Acupuncture Points of the Brachial Plexus
Authors: Dung H.C.
Published: November 2004

This publication is the third of a total of six papers intended to name acupuncture points following the anatomic nomenclatures. In the first publication, acupuncture points in the head are named using terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve and the muscles of facial expression. In the second publication, acupuncture points in the neck are named using the cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus and neuromuscular attachments formed by the spinal accessory nerve on the trapezius muscle. In this third publication, acupuncture points existing on the upper limbs are described following the terminal branches of the brachial plexus.
Alternations of Clonorchis sinensis EPG by Administration of Herbs in Rabbits
Authors: Ku Rhee Jae , Kirl Baek Byeong , Zun Ahn Byung
Published: November 2004

In order to investigate clonorchicidal activity in vivo, boiled water extracts of 32 species of clonorchicidal raw drugs in vitro were orally administered into rabbits infected with Clonorchis sinensis. The results of the observation of EPG variaton were as follows: Suppression effects of egg-laying capacity from the rabbits administered Prunus mume and Inula helenium were greatest. Those from Dictamnus dasycarpus and Saussurea lappa were somewhat effective. Machilus thunbergii and Cassia obutusifolia, however, were less effective.
Ginsenoside Compositions on Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer Tissue Culture and Juice
Authors: Yip T.T. , Lau C.N.B. , Kong Y.C. , Yung K.H. , Kim J.H. , Woo W.S.
Published: November 2004

By TLC, DCC and HPLC analysis, ginesnoside compositions of ginseng tissue culture and juice showed distinct features of fresh materials by a high proportion of ''polar saponins'' and low panaxadiol panaxatriol ratio.
Acupuncture Points of the Lumbar Plexus
Authors: Dung H.C.
Published: November 2004

This communication is the fifth in a series of six publications describing acupuncture points by anatomic nomenclature. This article describes acunpuncture points in the lumbar region of the posterior body wall, the inguinal and pelvic regins of the lower abdomen, and the medial surface of the thigh and leg. Acunpuncture points in these regions are generally established by anatomic features of the lumbar spinal nerves. Nerve branches of the posterior primary rami of the lumbar spinal nerves and the lumbar plexus provide the anatomic basis for acunpuncture points in these regions and are used to name the points accordingly.
Salvaging the Ancient Doctrine of Cosmology as Contribution to Modern Science
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

Humours have been interpreted as biochemical processes: Hot = Oxidation, Cold = Reduction, Moist = Hydration, Dry = Dehydration. Germs have to be studied according to their enzymic make up with one, say Oxidases, as the most prominent. Likewise drugs must be classed as hindering or promoting the four detoxicating processes, mentioned above.
Pharmacological Action of Hachimijiogan (Ba-wei-wan) on the Metabolism of Aged Subjects
Authors: Haranaka Ruriko , Okada Naoko , Kosoto Hiroshi , Ohwada Shigeru , Kobayashi Mosaburo , Yoshida H.
Published: November 2004

In order to elucidate the active mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, we investigated the effects of Hachimijogan which has been alleged to restore the function of old degenerate organs. After administering Hachimijiogan to aged rats and mice, we examined the lipid and glutathione metabolism. The cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the mice liver were significantly decreased in the Hachimijiogan treated group. The cholesterol turnover was examined using labeled cholesterol in aged mice, and Hachimijiogan may increase the turnover of cholesterol metabolism. The lenticular glutathione levels and enzyme activities concerned with glutathione metabolism were investigated in aged reats given Hachimijiogan, suggesting that Hachimijiogan may offer protective and therapeutic effects against senile cataract. From our study, Hachimijiogan is considered to improve the lipid and glutathione metabolism as a result of its complicated in vivo compound effects.
Rejection of Deeply Implanted Foreign Body Induced by Acupuncture Treatment in Patient Suffering Intractable Pains Lasting Ten Years Following Traumatic Injury to the Left Scapular Region During a Road Accident
Authors: Sternfeld M. , Hod I.
Published: November 2004

Upper back pains lasting ten years were promptly improved in a 63 year old woman following the rejection of a forgotten foreign glass body, through a scar located over the left scapula, and treated by acupuncture. The patient insisted on having this treatment after unsuccessful prolonged and multi-disciplinary formal medical interventions culminating in preparations for exploratory surgery. The acupuncture directed to the scar induced an inflammatory reaction characterized by a sterile granulomatous reaction which surrounded a large piece of glass, apparently implanted in the soft tissue of the suprascapular area during a severe road accident which occurred ten years previously. The surgical intervention was avoided.
Blood as the Earliest Drug, Its Substitutes, Preparations and Latest Position
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

Blood was soul and Redness its active principle when red substances were rich in soul-content. But soul was a substance whence blood became a drug which donated soul to treat wounds and incurable diseases. Its redness as life-force, but also as substance, could prolong life. A drug made from human blood could treat serious wounds and as a life saving drug was also a drug of fertility. The latest use of blood appears as syrup haemoglobin while the latest use of human blood would be blood transfusion.
Effect of Glycyrrhizin on Stability of Lysosomes in the Rat Arterial Wall
Authors: Shiki Yasuko , Ishikawa Yo , Shirai Kohji , Saito Yasushi , Yoshida Sho
Published: November 2004

Studies were made on the effect of phospholiase A2 on the stability of arterial wall lysosomes, and the influence of glycyrrhizin on this effect.

Lysosomal phospholipase A2 activity was found to be increased in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic rats. Treatment of the lysosomal fraction of the arterial wall with venom phospholipase A2 resulted in release of acid phosphatase, and addition of glycyrrhizin (0.1mM) inhibited this release. Lysosomal phospholipase A2 in the arterial wall was also inhibited dose-independently by glycyrrhizin.

These results suggest that lysis of lysosomes was due to increase in phospholipase 2 activity, and that glycyrrhizin stabilized the lysosomes by inhibiting phospholipase 2 activity.
Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Panax Notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen and Salvia Miltiorrhiza
Authors: Lei Xun-Lan , Chiou George C.Y.
Published: November 2004

The cardiovascular pharmacology of two Chinese herbs, Salvia militiorrhiza (SM) and Panax motoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen (PNG) were studied both in vivo and in vitro. Extracts of both herbs suppressed systemic blood pressure in albino rats and rabbits, an effect which was blocked or reversed by atropine, propranolol, and chlorpheniramine plus cimetidine. This reversed hypertension was blocked by phenoxybenzamine. These results indicate that these herbs have multiple effector sites in the cardiovascular system. This could be due to an increased utilization of extracellular calcium ions since the activity of SM on isolated blood vessels or rabbits was enhanced by 2mM Ca++. The effects of aqueous extract of SM and purified active principles of SM (tanshinones) on rat and rabbit blood vessels in vitro were very similar both qualitatively and quantitatively. Both caused vasodilation of coronary arteries at all concentrations tested but induced vasodilation of renal, mesenteric and female arteries only at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, vasoconstriction was induced in these vessels. These results indicate that an economical decoction of SM is as efficacious as the more expensively isolated tanshinones. Both SM and PNG would be useful as antianginal agents since thye dilate coronary vessels. Their use in hypertension is questionable since they induce both vasodilation and vasoconstriction depending on dose and target vessel.
Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment in Autonomic Ataxia
Authors: Nishimoto Takashi , Ishikawa Tooru , Matsumoto Katsuhiko , Fujioka Akihiro
Published: November 2004

Recently Coefficient Variations of R-R interval derived from patient's ECG is advocated to be an objective and quantiative method of analyzing autonomic nerve function. In the present study, we used this method to make an evaluation of the acupuncture treatment on the patients suffering from autonomic ataxia. Twenty-one patients were admitted at this therapy according to the results of CMI (Cornell Medical Index) test. (4 males, 17 females, mean age was 49.9 y.o.) ECG machine was used to measure the R-R interval evey 100 heart beats before and after the treatment, and through this survey, the mean R-R interval (mR-R) and Coefficient Variation (C.V. SD/mR-R × 100%) were obtained. Subjective complaints were obtained at the same time, too. The mR-R became extended in 14 out of 21 patients after treatment and mean value of mR-Rs after treatment, and through this survey, the mean R-Rs after treatment was significantly increased than prior to treatment, (871.6 msec-after p<0.05) As for C.V. the mena value was not marekdly changed but the variance was decreased significantly (1.67-before 0.47-after p<0.025), and 60% of subject complaints were improved after treatment. These results suggest that acupuncture therapy is effective on the patients who have been diagnosed as having autonomic ataxia by regulating autonomic nerve function.
Microvascular Surgery Status at Zhongshan Medical College, Guangzhou, China
Authors: Leone Edward William
Published: November 2004

With the recent open door policy of the People's Republic of China, the west has begun to see first hand the advances made in microsurgery in Chna, Duirng a month externship at Zhongshan Medical College, the author observed microsurgical procedures, learned basic microsurgery techniques and performed a clinical trial. The Chinese have rapidly applied microsurgery to many clinical problems and have met with encouraging success.
The Chinese Representation of Cosmic Elements as Graphic Symbols
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

In Chinese cosmology, cosmic elements have been deified and assigned life-forms. Air, representing ultrasonic energy as a celestial entity, became bird-god, Red-bird. Water acquired Dragon as its representative and Fire had Tiger as its graphic symbol. Earth, as body was fertile and long-lasting. It was symbolized as Tortoise, known to be long-lived. Its soul became Serpent, long enough to be powerful as Cosmic soul. Serpent-Tortoise, as Body-Soul, became the god Black-Warrior in charge of Earth.
Effects of San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang on Central Monoaminergic and GABAergic Systems in Rats
Authors: Chu Chia-Yih , Chen Ho-Chan , Shiow Song-Jui , Yen Kun-Ying
Published: November 2004

In this paper, the effects of San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang on central monoaminergic and GABAergic systems were studied in rats. It was found that San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang significantly (1) prolonged the period from the onset of clonic to tonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin, (2) prolonged the sleep duration induced by hexobarbital, (3) inhibited central catecholaminergic activity, (4) promoted central GABAergic activity, and (5) decreased the turnovers of central norepinephrine and dopamine.
The Hypoglycemic Effect of the Crude Drug Prescription Resources from Taiwan on Experimental Diabetic-Mellitus (II) — The Antihyperglycemic Effect of Tang-Niao-Tung No. 2 and No. 3
Authors: Lin Chun-Ching , Chiu Hui-Fen , Lu Seng-I , Chen Chieh-Fu
Published: November 2004

The water extracts of crude drugs of Taiwan Tang-Niao-Tung (T.N.T.) No. 2 and No. 3 were administered to normal and diabetic rats for investigating the antihyperglycemic effect of these two prescriptions. It was found that the blood glucose level in normal rats was temporarily increased after T.N.T. No. 2 and No. 3 administration; this may be caused by the starch content of the drugs component. In contrast, the diabetic rats have shown a signficant decrease ( P <0.01) of blood glucose in 2, 4, 6 hours after T.N.T. No. 2 and No. 3 have been given. The blood glucose percentage at 6 hours was 78.1% of T.N.T. No. 2 and 79.2% of T.N.T. No. 3 as compared to the original level. The hypoglycemic effect of T.N.T. No. 2 and No. 3 on alloxan-induced diabetic rats have suggested that action mechanism might not mediate through the release of insulin or positive feedback of glucose to insulin, neither acted on insulin receptor. It might be possible by the indirect promoting of enzyme activity. However, the pharmacological effect of some drugs could elucidate the hypoglycemic action of these prescriptions. Temporary promotion of blood glucose in normal rats will decline to normal level by 12 hours after T.N.T. No. 2 and No. 3 adminstration. The pharmacological effect of these herb prescriptions for diabetic rats is valuable for further study.
Direct Ovulatory Response with Human Menopausal Gonadotropin of FSH/LH Ratio 4 to 1
Authors: Koyama Takao , Hagino N. , Cothron Anna W. , Saito Motoi
Published: November 2004

The experiment was designed to examine if human menopausal gonadotropin (Gonadoryl, GNR, Mochida, Tokyo) influences the ovary and induces ovulation. When fifteen I.U. or GNR 4 (the ratio of FSH to LH is 4 to 1) was given on 28 days of age to immature female rats, ovulation was observed within 24 hours. Neither administration GNR 1.6 (FSH to LH ratio is 1.6 to 1) nor GNR 3.1 (FSH to LH ratio is 3.1 to 1) induced ovulation. Administration of sodium pentobarbital (Nembutal) on the afternoon in GNR 4 treated rats did not block ovulation. It infers that GNR 4 acts on the ovary directly and induces ovulation within 24 hours.
The Role of Acupuncture in Asthma: Changes in Airways Dynamics and LTC4 Induces LAI
Authors: Sternfeld M. , Fink A. , Bentwich Z. , Eliraz A.
Published: November 2004

A cohort of nine extrinsic asthma patients were treated by means of acupuncture. Patients were followed up for changes in medical treatment, spirometry, skin reactivity to immediate type reactions, total serum IgE levels and reactivity of their leukocytes to leukotriene C4 challenge (LTC4 induced leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay). Our results show that after acupuncture, treated patients were able to reduce bronchodilator and taper completely corticosteroid therapy. No change in skin reactivity or in IgE levels were noted. However, acupuncture treatment was able to negate, in 66.6%, the positive LTC4 induced responses.
Suppression of the DTH Reaction in Mice by Means of Moxibustion at Electro-permeable Points
Authors: Tohya Kazuo , Mastrogiovanni Frank , Sugata Ryojin , Ohnishi Motoya , Kuroiwa Kyoichi , Toda Sizuo , Kimura Michio , Kawamata Junnichi
Published: November 2004

The effects of moxibustion stimulation on picryl chloride-induced cutaneous contact hypersensitivity, a delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, were investigated in mice. Three electro-permeable points (B-20, LI-15, S-36) were selected as moxibustion points. Moxibustion at point B-20 (spleen associated point) significantly suppressed the DTH reaction. Adoptivie transfer of spleen T cells from moxibustion-stimulated donors resulted in an increased suppression of the DTH reaction in the recipients. These studies suggest that suppression of the DTH reaction with moxibustion may be related to cellular inmmunity, especially to the induction of the suppressive activity of T cells in the spleen.
The Hypotensive Action of Desmodium styracifolium and Clematis chinensis
Authors: Ho C.S. , Wong Y.H. , Chiu K.W.
Published: November 2004

The cardiovascular pharmacology of aqueous extracts of Desmodium styracifolium (DSE) and Clematis chinensis (CCE) were studied in rats both in vivo and in vitro. DSE produced two successive hypotensive actions: the first one via cholinergic receptor sitmulation, while the second one potentiated by blockades of autonomic ganglion and α-adrenoceptor. In contrast to DSE, CCE produced only on hypotensive response which was mediated through histaminergic activity. Furthermore, both extracts relaxed isolated methoxamine preconstricted helical tail artery strips. CCE also produced both negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on isolated atria, while DSE was positive chronotropic without apparent effect on the contractile force.
Effects of Sairei-To on the Relapse of Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Kimura Kenijiro , Nanba Shinichiro , Tojo Akihiro , Matsuoka Hiroaki , Sugimoto Tsuneaki
Published: November 2004

Sairei-To (Chai-Ling-Tang) was administered to four patients with steroid-dependent relapsing nephrotic syndrome. It was associated with prednisolone and immunosuppressive agents. Histological diagnosis was minimal change in three patients and mild focal glomerulonephritis in one patient. After the start of Sairei-To administration the relapse was markedly suppressed in three patients but not at all in the other. Although we could consider Sairei-To effective for steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in the present study, a larger study is necessary to confirm its efficacy.
Effect of Khatamines and Their Enantiomers on Plasma Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine Levels in Normal Wistar Rats
Authors: Islam M.W. , Tariq M. , El-Feraly F.S. , Al-Meshal I.A.
Published: November 2004

The effect of cathinone and N-formylnorephedrine, two psychoactive amines of khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) and their enantiomers have been studied on plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in male Wistar rats. The rats were injected with 5, 10 and 30 mg/kg. body weight of four khatamines and the blood samples were collected 2 h after administration. In the separate set of experiments the effect of these khatamines at 1, 2 and 4 h after their administration was also examined. All khatamines failed to produce a significant dose dependent increase in T3 and T4 levels in the dose of 5 mg/kg. However, all these compounds produced a significant dose dependent increase in T3 and T4 levels at higher doses but only T4 levels were increased following the dose of 10 mg/kg. Our studies on the effect of khatamines in T3 and T4 levels at various time showed a significant increase in T4 levels in all the four groups treated with various khatamines and the peak effect was observed in 2 h in case of (-)- and (+)-cathinone and 4 h in case of (-) and (+)N-formylnorephedrine. This study suggests that the symptoms observed in khat chewers including hyperthermia, anorexia, and metabolic changes may to some extent be attributed to the thyroid stimulating effect of khatamines. However, further studies are needed to establish the mechanism of release of thyroid hormones by these compounds and their involvement in the pharmacological effects.
Effects of a Senso (Toad Venom) Containing Drug on Systemic Hemodynamics, Cardiac Function and Myocadial Oxygen Consumption in Anesthetized Dogs
Authors: Ojiri Yoshihiko , Noguchi Katsuhiko , Sakanashi Matao
Published: November 2004

Effects of a Senso (toad venom)-containing drug, KY, on cardiovascular system were examined in anesthetized open-chest dogs. KY increased aortic pressure, peak positive first derivative of left ventricular pressure, stroke work index, percent segment shortening in left ventricular myocardium and myocardial oxygen consumption, and decreased heart rate and total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR). Propranolol augmented the increase in aortic pressure with KY, inhibited the increase in aortic flow with KY and reversed KY-induced decrease in TPR to an increase. These results indicate that KY has positive inotropic and vasodilating actions possibly originating from both digitalis- and adrenaline-like action of a Senso.
Remarks on Population Planning and Control
Authors: Hastings Harold M. , Hu Qidi
Published: November 2004

We investigate the use of control theory in population planning and show how the use of age at first birth, birth interval, and sex ratio as control variables leads to a practical, fault tolerant approach to population planning and control.
Effects of Tokishakuyakusan, Keishibukuryogan and Unkeito on DNA Polymerase α Activity in Uteri of Pregnant Mare's Serum Gonadotropin-treated Immature Rats
Authors: Usuki Satoshi
Published: November 2004

To provide some insights how herbal medicines affect deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in the uterus, the DNA polymerase activities (α and β) in uterine samples taken from rats were measured. DNA polymerase α activity with respect to DNA content revealed α cyclic change with the highest level on proestrus, while DNA polymerase β activity showed no significant changes during the estrous cycle. The increased period of the activity coincided with that of l7β-estradiol ( E 2) but not progesterone ( P 4) in the blood. Injection of 10 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) on day 27 of age gradually increased DNA polymerase α activity in uteri, while concomitant treatment with PMS and 200 μg Tokishakuyakusan (TS), Keishibukuryogan (KB) or Unkeito (UT) suppressed the enzyme activity, with a most remarkable effect of KB. These results suggest that TS, KB or UT suppresses in vivo DNA polymerase α activity induced by PMS in the rat uterus.
The Pharmacological and Pathological Studies on Taiwan Folk Medicine (Vlll): the Anti-inflammatory and Liver Protective Effects of "Mu-mien"
Authors: Lin Chun-ching , Chen Shwu-yih , Lin Jer-min , Chiu Hui-fen
Published: November 2004

The bark, xylem of stem, and root of (1) Bombax malabarica DC. and (2) Ceiba pentandra GAERTN. are marked as "Mu-mien" in Taiwan. In order to clarify the pharmacological effects of these three parts, anti-inflammatory and liver protective effect were evaluated with carrageenan-induced paw edema and CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) shows that all of the treatment used exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced edema. Furthermore, the administration of root and xylem of stem of B. malabarica showed the activity even better than indomethacin group did. However, only three used parts of B. malabarica significantly alleviated liver injury induced by CCl 4. Meanwhile, the histological changes in rat hepatic tissues such as fatty change, ballooning degeneration, cell necrosis, lymphocytes and Kupffer cells were also observed.
Effects of Tokishakuyakusan, Keishibukuryogan, Shakuyakukanzoto and Unkeito on Ovarian Endothelin, Renin and Angiotensin II in Pregnant Mare's Serum Gonadotropin-treated Immature Rats
Authors: Usuki Satoshi , Usuki Yoshie , Tanaka Junko , Kawakura Yuko
Published: November 2004

We have previously proposed the ovarian ERAANPS (endothelin-renin-angiotensin-atrial natriuretic peptide system). The present study was undertaken to examine in vivo the effects of herbal medicines [Tokishakuyakusan (TS), Keishibukuryogan (KB), Shakuyakukanzoto (SK) and Unkeito (UT)] on endothelin-l (ET), renin and angiotensin II (A II) in the ovaries, of immature rats treated with 10 IU PMS for 48 h. ET and all components of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) were found at high levels in the ovary. Concomitant treatment with PMS plus TS, KB, SK or UT, especially TS and UT, tended to decrease the ET levels in ovary, while components of RAS tended to increase. However, ET, renin and A II levels in plasma were not at all affected after treatment with TS, KB, SK or UT. These results suggest that TS, KB, SK or UT may regulate the ovarian ERAANPS.
Effects of Tokishakuyakusan, Keishibukuryogan and Unkeito on DNA Polymerase α Activity in PMS-treated Immature Rat Uterus Incubated in Vitro
Authors: Usuki Satoshi
Published: November 2004

We have recently found that Tokishakuyakusan (TS), Keishibukuryogan (KB) or Unkeito (UT) inhibits in vivo DNA polymerase α activity in the rat uterus stimulated by PMS. In this study, uteri resected 24 h after injection of PMS on day 27 of age were incubated in vitro with 20 μg/ml of extract of TS, KB or UT for 4 h. The DNA polymerase α activity in uteri tended to decrease after the addition of TS, KB or UT with significant difference ( P < 0.05) compared with TS-, KB- and UT-untreated control groups. These results suggest that TS, KB or UT, especially KB, tends to inhibit directly the enzyme activity in rat uterus.
Acupuncture in Gonarthrotic Pain — "Bachmann's Knee Program"
Authors: Zwölfer W. , Grubhofer G. , Cartellieri M. , Spacek A.
Published: November 2004

In a retrospective study 35 patients with gonarthrotic pain were treated with acupuncture at the outpatient unit of the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care in the University of Vienna. The subjective effectiveness of the treatment using a standard method on the knee demonstrated that patients reported an explicit improvement of their ailments. Therefore, we can unreservedly recommend this program, which was only augmented through additive "locus dolendi" treatment if indicated.