bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Levels of Aflatoxins in Silver Cyprinid Sold at Kansanga-Kampala Uganda
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda, Judith Nambogga , Wycliffe Ampaire ,   School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: February 2025

Aflatoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are a significant concern for food safety due to their carcinogenic and immunosuppressive effects. They frequently contaminate staple foods, including fish products, in warm, humid environments. Silver cyprinid, commonly known as silverfish, is an essential and affordable source of protein in Uganda, consumed by many households. However, the drying, storage, and handling practices involved in its sale raise concerns about the potential for aflatoxin contamination, particularly in local markets. This study aimed to assess the levels of aflatoxins in silver cyprinid sold in Kansanga-Kampala. A total of 10 silver cyprinid samples were collected from different vendors in Kansanga for analysis. The study employed Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a highly sensitive and specific method, to detect and quantify the presence of aflatoxins in these samples. The analysis involved the preparation of aflatoxin standard solutions (B1, B2, G1, and G2) to create calibration curves by plotting response against concentration. Calibration curves were linear, with coefficients of determination (R² values) greater than 0.99 for all aflatoxin types. An injection volume of 1µL was used and 7 levels of the aflatoxin standards were employed having 1,5,10,25,50,75 and 100ppb. However, results from the analysis of silverfish samples showed no detectable levels of aflatoxins (ND), suggesting that the silverfish from this particular market were free from aflatoxin contamination. This is a positive finding for public health as aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic and can lead to liver cancer, immune suppression, and stunted growth in children when consumed over time. It indicates that silverfish sold in Kansanga, Kampala, during the sampling period may be considered safe for consumption with respect to aflatoxin contamination. While this result is positive, the potential for aflatoxin contamination remains a concern due to environmental factors such as humidity and temperature, which can fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, regular monitoring of aflatoxin levels in silver cyprinid and other food products is recommended to ensure ongoing food safety. In conclusion, this study establishes a baseline for aflatoxin contamination in silver cyprinid sold in Kansanga and demonstrates that, during the period of analysis, the risk of aflatoxin exposure from silver cyprinid consumption is negligible. However, to maintain this standard, it is crucial to implement sustained preventive measures, including better storage infrastructure and vendor education to safeguard public health and the integrity of the local food supply.

Keywords: Aflatoxins; Silver cyprinid; Food safety; LC-MS/MS; Public health
Reviews and Responses for A Geospatial Approach to Modeling Airspace Risk Factors
Authors: Vincent-Boulay Nicolas , Marsden Catharine , Calvo Fernandez Esther , Verdonk Gallego Christian , Netjasov Fedja
Published: February 2025

See detailed reviews and responses in the PDF file.
DOI for the original paper: https://doi.org/10.59490/joas.2025.7402
Primeros registros de anidación del chorlito collarejo (Charadrius collaris) en Colombia
Authors: Ruiz-Guerra Carlos , Cifuentes-Sarmiento Yanira
Published: February 2025

In spite of the wide distribution of the Collared Plover (Charadrius collaris), its reproductive ecology is poorly known in Colombia, considering that the only evidence of breeding by this shorebird dates from 1948. Since a young under parental care was observed in Cordoba department, we initiated a search for direct evidence of breeding of Collared Plover in several localities of the Sinú river delta estuary. We document some aspects of the reproductive ecology of the Collared Plover and we report the first records of its nests in Colombia.
A new subspecies of Common Bush-Tanager (Chlorospingus flavopectus, Emberizidae) from the east slope of the Andes of Colombia
Authors: Avendaño Jorge Enrique , Stiles F. Gary , Cadena Carlos Daniel
Published: February 2025

We describe Chlorospingus flavopectus olsoni, subsp. nov. from the east slope of the Eastern Andes of Colombia. Specimens from the range of the new subspecies have been traditionally referred to C. f. macarenae, a subspecies endemic to the Serranía de la Macarena. However, C. f. olsoni differs from C. f. macarenae in plumage, iris coloration, and morphometrics. The new subspecies is more similar in plumage and vocal characters to subspecies exitelus and nigriceps from the Central and Eastern Andes. Ecological niche modeling suggests that C. f. olsoni is potentially restricted to a small belt of cloud forest south of the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy to the depression known as Las Cruces Pass in the department of Huila. The species C. flavopectus is not threatened, but the accelerated deforestation of cloud forests in Colombia and the uncertainty about species limits in the complex call attention to the importance of preserving the remaining patches of this highly species-rich ecosystem.
The birds of the Serranía de Perijá: the northernmost avifauna of the Andes
Authors: López-O. Juan P. , Avendaño Jorge Enrique , Gutiérrez-Pinto Natalia , M. Cuervo Andrés
Published: February 2025

Serranía de Perijá is the northernmost projection of the Andes. Although it has a distinct orogenic history from the adjacent ranges of northern South America, Perijá has received little biological research and conservation attention, particularly on the Colombian side. The avifauna of Serranía de Perijá remains understudied, and its populations are often not included in bio-geographic studies or taxonomic revisions. Here we present the results of two ornithological expeditions carried out in 2008 and 2009 along the western (Colombian) slope of this range, from between 1500 to 3100 m. We recorded 182 bird species in montane forests and paramo habitats. Combining historical records from museum collections and the literature with our findings resulted in at least 425 species recorded to date in this range above 800 m. We discuss novel information on distribution and natural history and underscore intriguing patterns of geographic variation and endemism of selected Perijá taxa. Our study has implications for understanding the diversity of birds of the Northern Andes and urges for research and conservation actions of the remaining montane forests and paramo of Serranía de Perijá.
Ampliaciones de distribución de aves en el suroccidente colombiano
Authors: Delgado-Ch Aura Fiorela , Calderón-L Jhon Jairo , Rosero-M Yuri , Fernández-G Ronald , Flórez-P Cristian
Published: February 2025

During 2008-2011, we conducted systematic avifaunal inventories in five localities in the Pacific, Andean and Amazon regions of the Nariño department, Colombia. Of the species registered, we report new and important distribution information for 10 species. We recorded, using visual and photographic observations, one new species and subspecies for Colombia: Fluvicola nengeta and Furnarius leucopus cinnamomeus, with an additional seven new species and range extensions for Nariño: Damophila julie feliciana, Sittasomus griseicapillus, Cercomacra nigricans, Muscisaxicola alpinus, Pitangus sulphuratus, Dacnis lineata and Sturnella militaris. The presence of Iridisornis analis, previously known for Colombia through sight records without documentation, was confirmed based upon the capture and photographic evidence of one individual. The remarkable richness of its avifauna (1048 species), along with the accelerated habitat loss due to human interference, make Nariño a priority region for ornithological research and bird conservation.
Avifauna de los hábitats de la desembocadura del Río Atrato (Turbo, Antioquia)
Authors: Bran-Castrillón Carlos , Gaviria-Zapata Catalina , Parra Juan Luis
Published: February 2025

We studied the spatial distribution of birds along the Atrato river mouth in association to the distribution of habitats available in the study area: Mangrove, Riverine vegetation, and Coastal flooded plains. To quantify whether changes in bird composition were related to changes in habitat we estimated beta diversity metrics within and between habitats and in relation to those expected under a null model. In a qualitative manner, we performed a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to visualize the relationships among sites based on their species composition. Finally, we evaluated if a list of birds observed during a point count could be correctly assigned to a particular habitat using linear discriminant analysis with cross validation (LDA). We found that bird diversity and composition varied among habitats. Mangroves contained the lowest observed and estimated richness, the lowest diversity and the greatest dominance. On the other hand, Riverine vegetation had a greater observed and estimated richness, the largest diversity and lower dominance. The greatest observed and estimated richness was found in Coastal flooded plains. Beta diversity was larger between habitats than within habitats. Nonetheless, most pairwise comparisons among point counts were included in the expectations of the null model. Results from the PCA were consistent with results obtained from beta diversity indices; using the first two principal components (31% of the total variance), habitats can be differentiated based on their bird composition. LDA results showed a low precision in assigning point counts to a particular habitat. In summary, we conclude that the distribution of habitats plays a major role in determining the distribution of bird communities. Nevertheless, it is only possible to detect these differences using groups of point counts.
Academic Management in the Development of the Education System of Buntet Astanajapura Islamic Boarding School, Cirebon Regency
Authors: Dalil Dalil
Published: February 2025

Islamic boarding school education is one of the important pillars in the development of Islamic education in Indonesia. Buntet Islamic Boarding School, located in Astanajapura, Cirebon Regency, has a long history of contribution to Islamic education. However, along with the development of the times, the education system in Islamic boarding schools faces challenges, especially in terms of academic management that is able to support the development of educational quality. This study aims to analyze the role of academic management in the development of the education system at Buntet Islamic Boarding School. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The main informants consisted of Islamic boarding school leaders, academic managers, and teaching staff. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques to identify important patterns in academic management that affect the education system. The results of the study indicate that effective academic management in Buntet Islamic Boarding School includes curriculum planning integrated with Islamic values, competent human resource management, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. In conclusion, the development of the Islamic boarding school education system can be improved through professional, collaborative, and technology-based academic management to answer the challenges of education in the modern era.
Pendidikan Anak Menurut Abdullah Nashih Ulwan: Membentuk Pribadi Berakhlak Mulia dalam Konteks Islam
Authors: Najamudin Najamudin
Published: February 2025

Pendidikan adalah suatu proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi dan kemampuan individu agar dapat mencapai kematangan secara fisik, intelektual, emosional, dan sosial. Pendidikan melibatkan transfer pengetahuan, keterampilan, nilai-nilai, dan sikap kepada generasi muda atau individu dalam masyarakat. Pendidikan merupakan proses budaya agar martabat  manusia bisa meningkat yang tentunya harus didasari dengan pendidikan Islam sebagai landasan utama peningkatan kualitas. Kesadaran bahwa mencerdaskan anak adalah tanggung jawab orang tua sebagai tugas utama, maka menurut Abdullah Nashih Ulwan dalam proses pendidikan anak tidak dibatasi dalam konteks verbal   saja, akan tetapi melibatkan seluruh aspek kehidupan secara universal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep-konsep pendidikan anak menurut Abdullah Nashih Ulwan dan bagaimana konsep-konsep tersebut dapat digunakan untuk membentuk pribadi yang berakhlak mulia dalam konteks Islam.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui studi literatur yang melibatkan karya-karya Abdullah Nashih Ulwan dan sumber-sumber terkait lainnya. Konsep-konsep pendidikan anak menurut Abdullah Nashih Ulwan yang dianalisis dengan menghasilkan beberapa kesimpulan meliputi pembentukan akhlak mulia, pengembangan pengetahuan agama, pendidikan karakter dalam Islam, dan peran keluarga dalam pendidikan anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep-konsep Abdullah Nashih Ulwan memiliki relevansi yang tinggi dalam membentuk pribadi yang berakhlak mulia pada anak. Pembentukan akhlak mulia melibatkan pengajaran nilai-nilai Islam, pembiasaan, dan pengarahan yang konsisten. Pengembangan pengetahuan agama penting untuk memperkuat landasan spiritual anak. Pendidikan karakter dalam Islam menekankan pengembangan sifat-sifat mulia seperti kejujuran, rasa tanggung jawab, dan toleransi. Selain itu, peran keluarga yang kuat dalam pendidikan anak menjadi faktor penting dalam implementasi konsep-konsep ini.
Profile of Differentiated Learning Implementation for Improving the Quality of Learning at SDN Sambikerep II/480 Surabaya
Authors: Syarofah Syarofah , Budiyanto Budiyanto , Muhimmah Hitta Alfi
Published: February 2025

To become Driving School, they must show examples in implementing education, especially differentiated learning. However, in reality they experienced problems because there was not enough preparation to implement differentiated learning. The aim of this research is to find out the process of preparation, implementation and evaluation of the implementation of differentiated learning at the Penggerak School at the elementary school level, especially in SDN Sambikerep II/480 Surabaya.  In this research, descriptive qualitative methods were used. Data was collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, field notes, and documentation regarding the preparation, implementation, and evaluation of the implementation of differentiated learning in driving schools. The research results show that teachers in driving schools are trained to prepare differentiated learning to meet student needs and achieve educational goals, including the needs of the educational environment, curriculum challenges, continuous assessment, and the ability to create innovative learning to meet student learning needs.
Analysis of Work Culture and SWOT on Employee Performance at the Language School of the National Police Education and Training Institution
Authors: Rahayu Yuni Puji , Zaharuddin Zaharuddin , Taufik Kemal
Published: February 2025

Three important aspects that influence performance and effectiveness at Sebasa Lemdiklat Polri are as follows: work culture analysis, SWOT analysis, and employee quality. The research objectives are as follows: To analyze work culture, analyze SWOT in realizing the quality of effective and efficient employee performance and to analyze what factors influence the quality of employee performance at the National Police Education and Training Language School of the Republic of Indonesia. The research used in this research uses interpretive qualitative research methods with a single case study research strategy. This research explores the work culture at Sebasa Lemdiklat Polri, which includes the values, norms and practices implemented in the organization. SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) is used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by Sebasa Lemdiklat POLRI. The results of this analysis provide a comprehensive picture of the organization's strategic position, and help in better planning and decision making. This research analyzes factors that influence employee quality, such as training, motivation, and work environment. A strong work culture, comprehensive SWOT analysis, and improving the quality of employees are key factors in achieving the organizational goals of Sebasa Lemdiklat Polri. It is hoped that the recommendations resulting from this research will help Sebasa Lemdiklat Polri in developing effective strategies to improve performance and achieve long-term success.
Designing a Web-Based E-Commerce Application "Sentra Warga" for UMKM
Authors: Sari Nadya Permata , Budiraharjo Eko
Published: February 2025

This research aims to design and implement User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) in online store applications intended for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (UMKM). The methods used include analyzing user needs, making initial designs, testing with users, and making improvements based on the feedback received. The user needs analysis stage involves interviews and surveys to understand the preferences and difficulties experienced by UMKM. Initial design creation is carried out with intuitive and easy-to-understand design principles in mind. Testing with users is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the design, which is then adjusted based on the feedback obtained. The results of the study show that good UI and UX design can improve user satisfaction, make navigation easier, and speed up the transaction process. In addition, the study highlights that a user-friendly interface can reduce learning time for new users and reduce the error rate in using the application. The importance of the results of this research is to provide an effective and efficient solution for UMKM to increase their competitiveness in the digital market through an easy-to-use online store application. Thus, UMKM can more easily reach potential customers and increase their sales significantly.
The Role of The Principal as a Supervisor in the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in the Al-Hafizh Banyuasin Playgroups
Authors: Apriyanti Eni , Ahmad Syarwani , Kesumawati Nila
Published: February 2025

Supervision is a monitoring, training and evaluation activity carried out by a supervisor or head of school to improve and improve the quality of learning and school activities. The research uses descriptive qualitative approaches with case study methods and data collection techniques such as interviews, documentation and observations. The results of the study are the supervised approaches used by the head of the Al-Hafizh group to learn, namely Teacher Centered-Approach and Student Centered and Teacher-centered. Some of the approaches that the leader of the group uses in supervising today are Direct Approach, Non-Direct Approaching and collaborative approaches. Al-Hafizh joint teachers of the learning group work together to pursue a continuous improvement in the learning management and school administration system that includes training and supervision on the implementation of learning by teachers. Such as the ability of teachers to conduct learning planning, use of learning media, mastery of social personal learning materials and classroom management. As well as realizing a sense of family through intensive communication or other persuasion approaches, so that the Al-Hafizh playgroup becomes a school that seeks to develop its qualities according to the conditions of the institution and the demands of the times.
Teaching English Vocabulary Pronounciation Using Fun-Learning for Students of SD 02 Weru
Authors: Nurulsyafikah Nurulsyafikah , Suwarni Andi , Said Dian Riani
Published: February 2025

This study explores the effectiveness of fun-learning techniques in improving English pronunciation among young learners. The research arises from the increasing need for engaging and interactive teaching methods to address the challenges in language acquisition, especially in pronunciation. Traditional, monotonous methods often fail to engage students and lead to low retention rates. A qualitative approach, including classroom observations and interviews with teachers and students, was used to evaluate the impact of fun-learning activities. The findings show that incorporating games, role-playing, and phonetic exercises significantly enhances pronunciation accuracy, boosts confidence, and improves overall language retention. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous teacher development to successfully apply these techniques. In conclusion, fun-learning addresses the limitations of conventional teaching and offers an innovative approach to improving pronunciation. Teachers are encouraged to adopt these strategies, with support from school administrators through resources and training.
The Role of Women in the Ministry of Jesus (A Study in the Gospel of Luke)
Authors: Nainggolan Daniel Maniur , Salim Tommy , Acung Warkis , Nainggolan Reynold
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the pivotal role of women in the ministry of Jesus Christ, going beyond the often limited historical representation. A comprehensive analysis of the Gospel texts reveals the diverse roles women played, ranging from financial support and direct service to Jesus—such as Mary Magdalene, Joanna, and Salome, who remained faithfully by His side until His death and even participated in His burial—to their role as primary witnesses to His resurrection. These women were not merely passive recipients of Jesus' teachings but were active agents in the spread of the Gospel and the formation of the early Christian community. This study particularly highlights their courage, loyalty, and steadfast faith amidst the patriarchal culture of their time, demonstrating their significant contributions, which have often been overlooked in traditional narratives. Furthermore, the paper explores the theological implications of these women's roles, challenging interpretations that marginalize or underestimate their active participation in Jesus' life and ministry. Thus, this research calls for a more inclusive and balanced interpretation of the Gospel texts to rightly acknowledge the fundamental contributions of women in shaping the history and development of Christianity. It also encourages the continued participation of women in serving God today.
Exploring the Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Culture and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Motivation In UD. Famili Abadi Pentol Tahunan, Jepara, Central Java
Authors: Faqih Mustofa , Sulistiyono Eko , Riyoko Sisno
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership on organizational culture and employee performance, with a focus on the mediating roles of job satisfaction and motivation. Transformational leadership is recognized for its ability to inspire and motivate employees towards achieving organizational goals through visionary guidance and individualized consideration. The study employs a qualitative literature review methodology to synthesize existing research and theoretical frameworks related to transformational leadership, organizational culture, job satisfaction, motivation, and employee performance. The primary objective of this research is to explore how transformational leadership influences organizational culture and subsequently impacts employee performance. The study examines the mechanisms through which transformational leaders shape organizational culture by promoting values of innovation, collaboration, and employee development. It also investigates how job satisfaction and motivation mediate the relationship between transformational leadership, organizational culture, and employee performance. Findings from the literature review reveal that transformational leadership fosters a positive organizational culture characterized by high levels of trust, empowerment, and engagement among employees. This conducive culture, in turn, enhances job satisfaction and motivation levels, thereby boosting overall employee performance. The mediating effects of job satisfaction and motivation highlight their critical roles in translating leadership behaviors into tangible outcomes at both individual and organizational levels. Implications for practice emphasize the importance of cultivating transformational leadership qualities within organizational leaders to foster a supportive culture that enhances employee performance. Strategies for promoting job satisfaction and motivation are recommended to leverage the full potential of transformational leadership in driving organizational success. Future research directions include exploring contextual factors that influence the effectiveness of transformational leadership across diverse organizational settings and sectors.
PROBLEMATIKA PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA DALAM GELORA MEMBANGUN GENERASI EMAS 2045
Authors: Ferdianto Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Pembukaan UUD Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945 merupakan acuan cita-cita yang besar sehingga tercipta ideologi bangsa ini. Di Indonesia sendiri alinea keempat pembukaan UUD Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945 terdapat tujuan untuk ”Mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa”. Namun, sudah setengah abad lebih kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia segenap masyarakat masih belum mempunyai akses mengenyam dunia pendidikan formal selayaknya serta kurangnya kesadaran bahwa pendidikan non-formal dan informal juga bisa mengurangi rakyat atas kegagalan generasi emas nantinya. Berdasarkan data statistik yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik, bahwa di tingkat provinsi dan kabupaten menunjukkan terdapat kelompok anak-anak tertentu yang sebagian besar berasal dari keluarga miskin sehingga tidak mampu melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang selanjutnya. Jika ditinjau dari perkembangan pendidikan formal hingga sekarang ini sudah banyak teman kita yang berhenti sekolah akibat kurangnya biaya ekonomi. Permasalahan untuk membangun generasi yang berkarakter adalah problematika terhadap pendidikan Indonesia, mulai dari kesenjangan infrastruktur antar wilayah seperti transportasi dan toko buku. Maka untuk menggelorakan para penerus yang diharapkan bangsa dan negara nantinya, pendidikan formal informal dan non-formal sebagai dasar untuk pemuda pemudi memiliki ciri khas sebagai orang yang bukan hanya berpendidikan namun berkemanusiaan. Oleh karena itu artikel ini kami tulis dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis problematika pendidikan di Indonesia serta solusi dari keadaan bangsa saat ini yang menjadi hambatan menuju Indonesia emas, tantangan generasi Indonesia dalam menggelorakan penerus yang diharapkan dan dicita-citakan
Criminal Law Enforcement of Consumer Rights of Victims of Dangerous Cosmetics in Pekanbaru Based on Law No. 8 of 1999
Authors: Ernawaty Beby , Harahap Irawan , Pardede Rudi
Published: February 2025

The enforcement of criminal law on consumer rights for victims of hazardous cosmetics in the jurisdiction of the Riau Police, particularly in Pekanbaru City, under Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, faces significant challenges. Article 4 of the Consumer Protection Law grants consumers the right to comfort, security, and safety in using products, along with accurate, clear, and honest information. However, hazardous cosmetics containing substances like mercury and hydroquinone continue to circulate freely, both in physical stores and online, indicating that law enforcement intended to protect consumers remains inadequate. Using a sociological legal approach, this research reveals a gap between the law and its implementation, as unsafe cosmetics are widely available, contradicting consumer rights as defined in the Consumer Protection Law. Key obstacles include low public awareness and participation, as many victims fail to report cases; limited inter-agency coordination, particularly with the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM); and restricted access to data on the distribution and sale of dangerous cosmetics, especially those sold online. To address these enforcement challenges, it is necessary to improve institutional coordination, create an online complaint platform for consumers to report cases directly and anonymously, strengthen legal evidence and investigative depth in cases involving hazardous cosmetics, and conduct regular market surveillance to prevent the distribution of illegal and harmful products. These measures are essential to bridging the gap between the legal framework and practical enforcement, ultimately ensuring better consumer protection against the risks posed by hazardous cosmetics.
Development of Flashcard Learning Media to Build A Space Using Assembler Edu In Elementary Schools
Authors: Saftri S Mur Ida , Ibrahim Doni Septu Marsa , Mukti Husnul
Published: February 2025

Development of Learning Media Flashcard AR Build a space using Assemblr Edu in elementary school. Thesis, Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program, Faculty of Education (FIP), Hamzanwadi University.
The purpose of this research is to develop AR flashcard  learning media to build a space using assemblr edu in elementary schools, as well as to determine the feasibility level of learning media by media experts and material experts.   This research is a type of research and development. The development of this learning media product uses the ADDIE development procedure which is simplified to the development stage, namely: analyze, design, and development. The instruments in this study are interviews and questionnaires, and observations are used as student analysis. The validation of the learning media involves four validators consisting of two expert lecturers and two teachers according to their backgrounds relevant to the field being studied. The data from the validation results were analyzed based on the calculation of  the Gregory index,  showing the media validity coefficient for media experts in the study of 1 with very valid criteria and for material experts in this study also showed a validity coefficient of 1. So it can be concluded that  the AR flashcard learning media  to build a space using assemblr edu meets the criteria of high validity and is very feasible to be used by teachers as a student medium to learn building space materials in elementary schools.
The Effect of The Use of The Card Sort Type Active Learning Method on Creative Thinking Skills in Social Studies Class V Sdn Marga Jaya I Bekasi City
Authors: Pratiwi Nur Azizah , Chess Fara Diba Women's
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of using the card sort type of active learning method on the ability to think creatively in class V social studies students at SDN Marga Jaya I, Bekasi City. This study uses a quantitative approach, with the subject being Class V teachers and fifth grade students at SDN Marga Jaya I, Bekasi City. The research sample consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class. In the experimental class there were 27 students, and in the control class there were 26 students. In obtaining the data, the researcher used the Social Sciences Creative Thinking Ability test method for elementary school students in the form of essay choice questions, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used is inferential analysis by testing the hypothesis using the t-test statistic, a significant level of 5% = 0.05. Inferential analysis is an analytical technique that can be used to determine whether the hypothesis in the study is accepted or rejected. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of the card sort type of active learning method on the ability to think creatively in class V social studies students at SDN Marga Jaya I, Bekasi City. This is shown in the results of the average value of the experimental class after being given the card sort learning treatment which is 67.11, and the control class which is given the conventional learning treatment is 61.92.
The Urgency of Financial Literacy in Financial Management in Generation Z in the Society 5.0 Era
Authors: Anwar Syamsul , Ali Ali , Widiastuti Anna
Published: February 2025

The era of society 5.0 which has a tendency or contains everything about the use of technology and communication has had a good impact on the development of digital-based business. When this large digital base is not balanced with good financial literacy, it will also have quite a bad impact. One generation that is considered to have a high consumerist attitude is generation Z. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive reading and understanding regarding financial literacy, which then has implications for good financial management.
The Role of Social Media Engagement Mediation in The Influence of Social Media Marketing Activity on Purchase Decisions
Authors: Rahmaniyati Anes Sintya , Roosdhani Rifqy , Ali Ali
Published: February 2025

This study examines the role of social media engagement mediation on the influence of social media marketing activities on purchasing decisions at My Fodee Shop. The results of the study show that social media marketing activities have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. In addition, in the variable Social Media Marketing Activity, there is a stronger positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions through the mediation of Social Media Engagement.
Management Leadership Head Schools in Improving Teacher Performancein School Base Country 1 Palembang
Authors: Lisnawati Lisnawati , Lian Bukman , Nugroho Hery Setiyo
Published: February 2025

Principal leadership management and teacher performance are two important elements for the success of education in schools, so research was conducted with the research objective of describing and analyzing principal leadership management in improving teacher performance at Palembang 1 State Elementary School. The results of the research concluded 1) the principal's leadership management had been implemented well in improving performance at SD Negeri 1 Palembang; 2) the principal's leadership management which is carried out includes: a) planning: the principal prepares an activity plan involving teachers and stakeholders such as supervisors, school committees and elements of the Education Service, b) Organizing: the principal organizes school resources such as infrastructure and facilities resources , financial resources, and human resources. c) mobilization: the principal provides opportunities for teachers to develop competencies according to teacher needs and d) supervision: the principal supervises technology-based teacher performance and supervision twice in one academic year; 3) the principal applies participatory, collaborative, teamwork leadership, provides examples of positive behavior and actions, motivates and encourages teachers to develop their competencies, is honest and open to communicating with teachers and other school members. The obstacles to principal leadership management in improving teacher performance at SD Negeri 1 Palembang are 1) lack of time and opportunity to directly develop teachers, 2) not optimal utilization of educational infrastructure, financing and supervision. Efforts to overcome obstacles are 1) encouraging teachers to utilize technology-based learning media, 2) planning the provision of facilities in stages and sustainably according to the school's financing capacity. 3) assigning one of the teachers to accompany every activity at the school as deputy principal.
Implementation of Total Quality Management (Tqm) At Sri Kembang Village Elementary School Betung District
Authors: Nita Vini Alpian , Lian Bukman , Nugroho Hery Setiyo
Published: February 2025

This research aims to describe and analyze the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) in SDN 7 Betung and SDN 20 Betung, as well as to describe and analyze the obstacles and solutions faced in the implementation of TQM in the two schools. This qualitative research employed a case study approach. Data collection techniques involved observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques utilized were domain analysis and thematic analysis. The research findings revealed that 1. The implementation of TQM in SDN 7 Betung and SDN 20 Betung is quite optimal. This is evident from the improvement in the quality of education in both schools. 2. The obstacles encountered in the implementation of TQM in SDN 7 Betung and SDN 20 Betung include a lack of understanding of the concept of quality management, insufficient training and mentoring for principals and teachers, and inadequate facilities and infrastructure. The potential solutions to address these obstacles involve providing training and mentoring for principals and teachers on the concept of quality management and furnishing adequate facilities and infrastructure.
Preconceito linguístico em uma escola pública com alunos provenientes da zona rural Eirunepeense-am
Authors: Ferreira de Melo Wsisley , Bastos da Fonseca Thaila
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos e consequências do preconceito linguístico na vida dos estudantes provenientes da zona rural do município de Eirunepé- AM. Neste sentido, é importante esse olhar acerca desta temática, a qual acaba influenciando negativamente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos estudantes. E as instituições escolares devem priorizar a igualdade entre a diversidade linguística em seu espaço. Desse modo, para o aporte teórico foram selecionados: Bagno (2001); Borin (2021); Geraldi (1999); Marcuschi (2010); Possenti (1996) entre outros. Como resultados satisfatórios, foi possível constatar que tal problemática geram traumas irreversíveis na vida dos estudantes, sobretudo, no processo de aprendizagem, por conseguinte, é necessário remodelar os parâmetros de ensino, mostrando a necessidade de respeitar a variedade de fala de cada indivíduo. Não desmerecendo a importância de dominar a norma culta, mas mantendo viva e privilegiando a identidade linguística e cultural dos estudantes.
Variação linguística pelos veios dialetológicos e a perspectiva sociolinguística: um breve passeio pelos dados do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil – ALiB
Authors: da Conceição Oliveira Genivaldo , Moura Torres Paim Marcela
Published: February 2025

Este estudo apresenta conceitos e aspectos metodológicos da Dialetologia e da Sociolinguística e exibe as várias formas como se dá a variação linguística, como a variação diatópica e a diastrática. Apresentamos, também, um breve percurso histórico dos atlas linguísticos desde o trabalho geolinguístico de Gilliéron na França no século XIX até dados atuais do Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB). O recorte do ALiB que trazemos neste estudo, refere-se à questão 01 do Questionário Semântico-Lexical (QSL). Observamos que o léxico fornecido pelos informantes apresenta mais homogeneidade do que heterogeneidade. Visamos com esse trabalho teórico-analítico contribuir para um melhor conhecimento do Português Brasileiro, tal como se apresenta nas cidades de Salvador e Curitiba que fazem parte da rede de pontos do Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB) nos Estados da Bahia e do Paraná. Pretendemos, também, com esse estudo fornecer aos estudiosos da língua portuguesa, como linguistas, lexicólogos, entre outros, informações para o aperfeiçoamento do ensino/aprendizagem e para uma melhor interpretação do aspecto multidialetal do Brasil.
Educational Approaches to Sustainable Folk Music Transmission: Insights from a Case Study on Henan Zhuizi
Authors: Pu Miao , Songli Li , Wenhong Huang
Published: February 2025

As safeguarding intangible cultural heritage becomes increasingly important, this study examines the sustainable transmission of Henan Zhuizi in higher education. Using qualitative research methods, including thematic analysis of interviews and classroom observations, the study investigates current teaching practices and identifies key challenges. The findings highlight limitations in students' cognitive levels and insufficient teaching resources within existing models. However, the integration of innovative pedagogical approaches, practical activities, and teacher professional development has the potential to significantly improve teaching effectiveness. This research contributes to the theoretical framework of folk music education and proposes strategies for the sustainable development of Henan Zhuizi, offering practical insights for the preservation and enhancement of other ethnic music traditions in higher education contexts.
Development of an Urban Rail Transit Line Design System Using 3D GIS-Integrated Building Information Modeling: A Case Study in Urban Traffic Optimization
Authors: Shao Xingang , Li Yuanzhe
Published: February 2025

The rapid pace of urbanization has exacerbated traffic congestion, necessitating innovative solutions to enhance urban mobility. This study presents a novel urban rail transit line design system leveraging a three-dimensional Geographic Information System (3D GIS) integrated with Building Information Modeling (BIM). The system integrates K-means clustering algorithms and GIS functionalities to generate optimized rail transit designs. Performance tests confirm the system's reliability and effectiveness, revealing significant advantages in design time, cost, and scientific precision compared to traditional methods. Notably, the system achieved 86% user satisfaction, though only 24% expressed willingness to adopt it, primarily due to cultural and implementation challenges. This research highlights the potential of combining GIS and BIM technologies for sustainable urban traffic solutions, while underscoring the need to address human-centric considerations for widespread acceptance.
6G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Study and Analysis
Authors: Liu Yuyang , Ali Sheikh Tasher , Ravi M.
Published: February 2025

Recently, 5G technologies has developed in some parts of the world, enabling
them to achieve high-speed internet, uninterrupted mobile communication, and the internet of
things (IoT). However, it was not sufficient for industrialization, automatic driving vehicles,
vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and military artificial robotics. As a result, more cuttingedge technologies, such as Terahertz frequency band spectrum, Cell-free Massive MIMO,
Laser, and VLC communication, CMOS-based Gas and InP antenna design for scalable
transceivers, reconfigurable intelligent surface-based multi-antenna MIMO, underwater
communication, machine learning, recurrent neural networks, and satellite broadband
communication, are required to cater to those high throughputs and URLL that are possible
through future 6G technologies. The future 6G technologies include critical speed, security
vision, and artificial intelligence-based communications based on cutting-edge technology.
6G speeds are a thousand times faster than 5G, and latency is a hundred times lower. 6G is
expected to enable augmented reality and virtual reality communication across underwater,
satellite, and global backhaul cloud networks. Beyond 6G, promising technologies such as
the internet of Nano things, the Internet of bio-Nano things, and quantum communications,
which are expected to have a significant impact on wireless communications, are expected to
emerge. Above all, this paper will present issues, solutions, and future directions of 6G and
beyond.
Using Clustering and APS Method Performance Improvement of Cell Free Massive MIMO System
Authors: Yin Panpan , Ali Sheikh Tasher
Published: February 2025

Recently Cell Free massive multiple input
multiple output (M-MIMO), comprising of large number of
distributed access points (APs) is a promising technology in
order to provide high data rate, spectral efficiency (SE), and
energy efficiency (EE). In order to achieve optimality in the
performance of the cell free M-MIMO, a suitable selection
technique of AP is performed among large number of AP.
In this work, zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum means square
error (MMSE) linear precoding are used since it is free
from self-interference hence, improving the system sumrate. The present work proposes a maximum channel gainbased Access Point Selection (APS) algorithm for access
point (AP) selection in the Cell free M-MIMO network in
order to enhance the system data-rate. Using APS
algorithm, it is proposed to select those APs whose channel
gain is highest therefore it automatically improves the rate
of the system. The same number of users is scheduled using
a simple semi-orthogonal user scheduling (SUS) algorithm.
We also used a user clustering algorithm for grouping the
users around the AP to schedule the best users. It is
observed from the results that the APS and SUS algorithm
jointly improve the system rate significantly in cell free
massive MIMO systems.
Cost analysis of outpatient care for patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Su Che-Chun , Lee Chien-Pang
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) affects tens of millions of people globally and is frequently associated with many comorbidities. Its economic burden on the patient, family, and society is heavy. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the outpatient medical costs of patients with PD to those of controls (non-PD group: people without Parkinson's disease) to understand potential future challenges in caring for PD patients. Methods: We identified 2,746 PD patients as the PD group and 5,492 persons, matched in age, gender, and significant comorbidities, as the non-PD group from the National Health Insurance (NHI) database in Taiwan. We calculated the costs and explored the differences in outpatient care costs, including medicines of different classes. Results: The total outpatient payment by NHI in 2013 for PD patients was 77,096 per person. In contrast, it was 40,259 for the non-PD group. For outpatient care in the PD group, the costs of (a) diagnostic fees, (b) medicines, (c) laboratories, images, small operations, and management, (d) unique medical materials, and (e) pharmacist service fees were (a) 12,093, (b) 33,412, (c) 30,254, (d) 1,729, and (e) 1,816, respectively. The non-PD group's costs were (a) 8,981, (b) 19,711, (c) 23,124, (d) 1,345, and (e) 1,181. Neurotic disorders and organic psychotic conditions are present at a much higher frequency in the PD group. Functional GI disorders were more common, too. Finally, the cost of tranquilizers is significantly higher in PD patients. Conclusion: Patients with Parkinson's Disease incur higher medical expenses compared to control groups. The increased reliance on tranquilizers suggests that PD patients face not only a significant economic burden but also substantial mental strain. Therefore, integrating psychotherapy with medical treatment may be essential for effectively supporting individuals with PD.