bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinico‐genetic and prognostic analyses of 716 patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome and myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia based on the 2022 International Consensus Classification
Authors: Lee Wan‐Hsuan , Lin Chien‐Chin , Tsai Cheng‐Hong , Tien Feng‐Ming , Lo Min‐Yen , Ni Sao‐Chih , Yao Ming , Tseng Mei‐Hsuan , Kuo Yuan‐Yeh , Liu Ming‐Chih , Tang Jih‐Luh , Sun Hsun‐I , Chuang Yi‐Kuang , Chou Wen‐Chien , Hou Hsin‐An , Tien Hwei‐Fang
Published: January 2023

The 2022 International Consensus Classification (ICC) recategorized myeloid neoplasms based on recent advances in the understanding of the biology of hematologic malignancies, in which myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with blasts of 10%–19% is classified as MDS/acute myeloid leukemia (AML), MDS with mutated SF3B1, irrespective of the number of ring sideroblasts, as MDS‐SF3B1, and those with multi‐hit TP53 mutations as MDS with mutated TP53. In the analysis of 716 patients with MDS diagnosed according to the 2016 WHO classification, we found that 75.3% of patients remained in the MDS group based on the ICC, while 24.7% of patients were reclassified to the MDS/AML group after the exclusion of 15 patients who were classified to the AML group. Patients with MDS/AML showed a distinct mutational landscape and had poorer outcomes, compared to those with MDS. In the MDS group, patients with MDS‐SF3B1 had higher frequencies of DNMT3A and TET2 mutations than those with MDS, not otherwise specified, with single lineage dysplasia or multilineage dysplasia. Patients with mutated TP53 were associated with dismal outcomes, irrespective of the blast percentage. In conclusion, this study showed that the ICC facilitates efficient segregation and risk‐stratification of MDS which can help guide the treatment choice of patients with the disease.
Outcome of limited‐stage peripheral T‐Cell lymphoma after CHOP(−like) therapy: A population based study of 239 patients from the Nordic lymphoma epidemiology group
Authors: Ludvigsen Al‐Mashhadi Ahmed , Cederleuf Henrik , Kuhr Jensen Rasmus , Holm Nielsen Torsten , Bjerregård Pedersen Martin , Bech Mortensen Thomas , Relander Thomas , Jerkeman Mats , Ortved Gang Anne , Kristensen Anne Louise , Roost Clausen Michael , de Nully Brown Peter , Tang Severinsen Marianne , Jakobsen Lasse Hjort , Ellin Fredrik , El‐Galaly Tarec Christoffer
Published: January 2023

Peripheral T‐Cell Lymphomas (PTCLs) are rare, aggressive lymphomas with poor outcomes, but limited‐stage disease is infrequent and not well‐described. This study reports outcomes and prognostic factors in limited‐stage nodal PTCLs in a binational population‐based setting. Patients were identified from the Danish and Swedish lymphoma registries. Adults diagnosed with limited‐stage nodal PTCL (stage I‐II) and treated with CHOP(−like) therapy ±radiotherapy between 2000 and 2014 were included. Medical records were reviewed by local investigators. A total of 239 patients with a median age of 62 years were included; 67% received 6–8 cycles of CHOP(−like) therapy and 22% received 3–4 cycles, of which 59% also received radiotherapy. Autologous stem cell transplant consolidation was administered to 16% of all patients. Median follow‐up was 127 months with 5‐years overall survival (OS) of 58% (95% CI: 53–65) and progression‐free survival (PFS) of 53% (95% CI: 47–59). In multivariable analysis, age ≥ 60 years and B‐symptoms were unfavorable and ALK+ anaplastic large cell T‐Cell lymphoma was favorable for survival outcomes. There was no difference in treatment‐specific outcome (3–4 cycles vs. 6–8 cycles of CHOP(−like) ± radiotherapy). Low‐risk patients (age < 60 without B‐symptoms) had a 5‐year OS of 77% (95% CI 67–89%). In the present study of limited‐stage nodal PTCL, survival after curative intent chemotherapy +/− radiotherapy was inferior to that of limited‐stage diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, but a subgroup of young patients without B‐symptoms had very good outcomes. Treatment outcomes after 3–4 cycles versus 6–8 cycles of CHOP(−like) therapy were comparable.
Apathy in patients with Alzheimer's disease is a cost‐driving factor
Authors: Kruse Christopher , Maier Franziska , Spottke Annika , Bach Jan‐Philipp , Bartels Claudia , Buerger Katharina , Fellgiebel Andreas , Fliessbach Klaus , Frölich Lutz , Hausner Lucrezia , Hellmich Martin , Klöppel Stefan , Klostermann Arne , Kornhuber Johannes , Laske Christoph , Peters Oliver , Priller Josef , Richter‐Schmidinger Tanja , Schneider Anja , Shah‐Hosseini Kija , Teipel Stefan , von Arnim Christine A. F. , Wiltfang Jens , van der Wurp Hendrik , Dodel Richard , Jessen Frank
Published: January 2023

Background

Apathy is the most frequent neuropsychiatric symptom in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). We analyzed the influence of apathy on the resource use of DAT patients and their caregivers.

Methods

Included were baseline data of 107 DAT patients from a randomized clinical trial on apathy treatment. The Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD) instrument assessed costs over a 1‐month period prior to baseline. Cost predictors were determined via a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO).

Results

On average, total monthly costs were €3070, of which €2711 accounted for caregivers’ and €359 for patients’ costs. An increase of one point in the Apathy Evaluation Scale resulted in a 4.1% increase in total costs.

Discussion

Apathy is a significant cost driving factor for total costs in mild to moderate DAT. Effective treatment of apathy might be associated with reduced overall costs in DAT.
Direkte Visualisierung elektrochemischer pseudo‐kapazitiver pH Sprünge an einer Graphenelektrode**
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Seki Takakazu , Liu Xuan , Yu Xiaoqing , Yu Chun‐Chieh , Domke Katrin F. , Hunger Johannes , Koper Marc T. M. , Chen Yunfei , Nagata Yuki , Bonn Mischa
Published: January 2023

Molekulare Einblicke in Wasser an Elektrodengrenzflächen sind für die Aufklärung vieler elektrochemischer Phänomene, unter Anderem der elektrokatalytischen Wasserspaltung und der kapazitiven Energiespeicherung, von wesentlicher Bedeutung, aber die spektroskopische Untersuchung dieser Grenzflächen bleibt eine Herausforderung. Mit Hilfe der oberflächenspezifischen heterodyn‐detektierten Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (HD‐SFG) haben wir direkten Zugang zum Grenzflächenwasser in Kontakt mit elektrifiziertem Graphen auf Calciumfluorid (CaF2). Wir beobachten abrupte Änderungen der HD‐SFG‐Spektren bei Veränderung des angelegten Potenzials. Die Auswertung der Spektren zeigt, dass diese Variationen nicht durch die Aufladung/Entladung von Graphen, sondern durch die Aufladung/Entladung des CaF2‐Substrats in einem pseudokapazitiven Prozess hervorgerufen werden. Überraschenderweise sind die potenzial‐abhängigen Spektren nahezu identisch mit den pH‐abhängigen Spektren, was zeigt, dass das pseudokapazitive Verhalten mit einer erheblichen lokalen pH‐Änderung verbunden ist, die durch Wasserdissoziation verursacht wird. Unsere Arbeit veranschaulicht so zum ersten Mal die molekularen Details der Pseudokapazität an der Grenzfläche zwischen Elektrode und wässrigem Elektrolyten.
Effect of nano‐sized zinc citrate on the supercritical carbon dioxide‐assisted extrusion foaming behavior of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Zhou Gang , Liu Wenjun , Yin Haiyan , Zhang Yinhang , Huang Chengzhe
Published: January 2023

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foams containing various amounts of an epoxy as a chain extender (CE) and nano‐sized zinc citrate as a nucleating agent are prepared by continuous extrusion using supercritical CO2 (sc‐CO2) as a physical foaming agent. Processing parameters such as the CE content, sc‐CO2 flow rate, and foaming temperature are optimized with regard to the apparent density and expansion ratio of the PLA foams. The nano‐sized zinc citrate exhibits a high nucleation activity for the crystallization of the PLA. The addition of 0.5 wt% nano‐sized zinc citrate significantly increases the compressive strength and modulus of the PLA foams from 0.124 MPa and 3.1 MPa to 0.35 MPa and 19 MPa, respectively. The PLA/0.5 wt% nano‐sized zinc citrate foam shows a microcellular structure with an average cell diameter of 17.1 μm.
Applications of In Situ Raman Spectroscopy on Rechargeable Batteries and Hydrogen Energy Systems
Authors: Lin Xiu‐Mei , Li Jian‐Feng
Published: January 2023

The rapid growth of the economy promotes the increasing demand for energy, which accelerates resource shortage and environmental pollution issues caused by fossil fuel combustion. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage (EECS) techniques such as rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, and water electrolysis have provided promising solutions for addressing these issues. However, their further electrochemical performance improvement is still challenging due to the lack of understanding of their reaction mechanisms. Therefore, in situ tracking these electrochemical processes to capture the intermediates for mechanism verification is significant. In this review, recent work on in situ Raman spectroscopy applications on EECS systems is summarized with emphasis on the intermediates capturing capability of this technique for reaction mechanism elucidation. We aim to elucidate the underlying reaction mechanism to provide guidelines for the design of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for fuel cells and water electrolysis and the advanced electrode materials for rechargeable batteries
Der Rote Keulenkopf – die erstaunliche Karriere eines Pilzes
Authors: Petersen Frank
Published: January 2023

Der Rote Keulenkopf oder auch Purpurbraune Mutterkornpilz infiziert ausschließliche den Fruchtknoten von Süßgräsern, aus dem sich statt eines Samenkorns die schwarz‐violett gefärbte Überdauerungsform des Pilzes bildet, das Sklerotium oder Mutterkorn. Da der Mikroorganismus unter den Getreidegräsern vor allem den fremdbestäubenden Roggen befällt, vergifteten sich die Menschen über Roggen basierende Nahrungsmittel mit den im Mutterkorn enthaltenen hochaktiven Ergotalkaloiden. Wegen ihrer Ähnlichkeit mit den körpereigenen Signalstoffen Dopamin, Serotonin, Adrenalin und Noradrenalin stören sie deren Signalwege zur Regelung wesentlicher Körperfunktionen und rufen den gangränösen beziehungsweise den konvulsiven Ergotismus hervor. Bei der gangränösen Verlaufsform treten Durchblutungsstörungen auf, die zum Absterben von Geweben und Gliedmaßen führen, wohingegen schwere Krämpfe, Tobsuchtsanfälle und Halluzinationen bei der konvulsiven Ergotoxikose im Vordergrund stehen. Diese „seuchenartig“ auftretenden Vergiftungen ergiffen ab dem 9. Jahrhundert ganze Regionen Europas. Zur alleinigen Versorgung der Ergotismuskranken gründete sich im 11. Jahrhundert eine Laienbruderschaft, aus der später der Antoniterorden mit seinem Hospitalsystem hervorging. Auch wenn sie die Zusammenhänge der Entstehung des „Antoniusfeuers“ nicht kannten, stoppten die Klosterärzte die akuten und chronischen Vergiftungen, indem sie den Kranken statt roggen‐ weizenbasierte Nahrungsmittel zu essen gaben. Hinweise aus der griechischen Antike und der traditionellen Medizin Chinas legen nahe, dass die damaligen Ärzte wahrscheinlich mutterkorninfizierte Süßgräser als Arzneistoffe in der Frauen‐ und Geburtsheilkunde einsetzten.
Machine learning‐based prediction of 1‐year mortality in hypertensive patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery
Authors: Behnoush Amir Hossein , Khalaji Amirmohammad , Rezaee Malihe , Momtahen Shahram , Mansourian Soheil , Bagheri Jamshid , Masoudkabir Farzad , Hosseini Kaveh
Published: January 2023

Background

Machine learning (ML) has shown promising results in all fields of medicine, including preventive cardiology. Hypertensive patients are at higher risk of mortality after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery; thus, we aimed to design and evaluate five ML models to predict 1‐year mortality among hypertensive patients who underwent CABG.

Hyothesis

ML algorithms can significantly improve mortality prediction after CABG.

Methods

Tehran Heart Center's CABG data registry was used to extract several baseline and peri‐procedural characteristics and mortality data. The best features were chosen using random forest (RF) feature selection algorithm. Five ML models were developed to predict 1‐year mortality: logistic regression (LR), RF, artificial neural network (ANN), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and naïve Bayes (NB). The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the models.

Results

Among the 8,493 hypertensive patients who underwent CABG (mean age of 68.27 ± 9.27 years), 303 died in the first year. Eleven features were selected as the best predictors, among which total ventilation hours and ejection fraction were the leading ones. LR showed the best prediction ability with an AUC of 0.82, while the least AUC was for the NB model (0.79). Among the subgroups, the highest AUC for LR model was for two age range groups (50–59 and 80–89 years), overweight, diabetic, and smoker subgroups of hypertensive patients.

Conclusions

All ML models had excellent performance in predicting 1‐year mortality among CABG hypertension patients, while LR was the best regarding AUC. These models can help clinicians assess the risk of mortality in specific subgroups at higher risk (such as hypertensive ones).
Tailored Sky‐Parking Architectures of 3D Graphene Oxide Towards Highly‐Efficient Water Purification
Authors: Zhang Tianye , Li Huibo , Wei Junfu , Ma Jian‐Gong , Cheng Peng
Published: January 2023

The widespread use of chemicals has brought serious water pollution threatening human health and environment, which requires green, fast, and low‐cost purification urgently. Here, we build up a novel material family of sky‐parking‐like 3D structured graphene oxides (SP‐GOs) with adjustable interlayer‐space of 0.8–1.7 nm via the insertion of different sized diamine compounds as support pillars between GO layers. The assembled 3D SP‐GOs exhibit superior adsorption capacity and short removal time for various aromatic organic compounds in water, achieving record‐breaking maximum adsorption capacity of 535.79 mg g−1 toward the most common water‐pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) at ambient conditions as well as significantly improved removal of other organic pollutants including sulfapyridine, carbamazepine, ketoprofen and 2‐naphthol. The construction of SP‐GO provides a simple approach for evolving the GO material from 2D to 3D and a new avenue for the decontamination of pollutants in environmental remediation.
“All Compressed and Rendered with a Pathetic Delicacy That Astounds the Eye”: Midjourney Renders Ambergris as Constantinople
Authors: Alışık Emir
Published: January 2023

Text‐to‐image software have become widely accessible over the last few years, and the resolution of the images generated by these machine‐learning software has increased to such a degree that the images attract more and more public attention. Midjourney is one of the few available AI tools that provides images to textual prompts. With early beta access granted, I have put the abilities and biases of the tool to the test by prompting it to blend a fictional city (i.e., Ambergris, created by Jeff VanderMeer in 1993 first for a novella) with a historical one (i.e., Constantinople). The ontological distance of these two cities would not pose a problem, for the textual and visual data for both are vastly available on the internet, which data the software utilizes to generate images. The decision to blend these two is based on Ambergris's quality of being a city influenced by the history of Constantinople, yet diverging from it in other aspects. The software ended up generating images, where it employed various periods and urban features of both cities, all the while conforming to depiction styles that can be associated with both Ambergris and Constantinople.
Brunton, Finn. 2019. Digital Cash: The Unknown History of the Anarchists, Utopians, and Technologists Who Created Cryptocurrency. Princeton University Press
Authors: Slussareff Michaela
Published: January 2023

The book Digital Cash: The Unknown History of the Anarchists, Utopians, and Technologists Who Created Cryptocurrency is a very important piece of work in the field of digital currencies development. The author applies the media archaeology method of research and points out the most important ideas, projects, but as well barriers and beliefs that influenced the way of thinking about digital currencies and their development. This includes description of political agendas of different stakeholders, and furthermore processes of setting up a basis for robust and reliable currency, but independent of governmental forces (like Bitcoin). The book surprisingly offers several positions for the reader, in the introduction and conclusion of the book the form is rather popularly educational, sometimes reflective, the middle part is, on the contrary, a very dense academic body of work filled with theories and facts from actual research and the author's independent historical work.
Using stable water isotopes to evaluate water flow and nonpoint source pollutant contributions in three southern Ontario agricultural headwater streams
Authors: Gospodyn Larissa , Wellen Christopher , Sorichetti Ryan J. , Mundle Scott O. C.
Published: January 2023

Improved understanding of catchment‐scale hydrology and nutrient transport in agricultural catchments is needed. Here, the annual young water fraction is determined for three southern Ontario headwater catchments using the stable water isotope δ18O; the dominant event contributions for three streams were also determined using a two‐component isotopic hydrograph separation. On an annual average, Nissouri Creek (loamy soils, high tile drainage) sees the lowest amount of event water, followed by Big Creek (clay soils, high tile drainage) and then North Creek (clay soils, low tile drainage). Event hydrograph separations show Nissouri Creek has significantly higher median amounts of pre‐event water than Big and North Creek during events. These results in indicate soil type may be more influential than tile drainage presence with respect to the contribution of event contributions to total stream flow; specifically, higher contributions of event water occurred in the two clay soil catchments, despite differing tile presence. Antecedent moisture and event characteristics did not uniformly explain the observed pre‐event water contributions for events across all sites, with pre‐event contributions only weakly and positively correlated with discharge at event commencement and negatively with isotopic variability in stream water. The total contribution of pre‐event water during events was significantly correlated with mean event turbidity and the flow‐weighted mean concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total phosphorus and total dissolved phosphorus, but not total nitrogen or nitrate. The correlations we observed between pre‐event water and water chemistry were stronger than between event size and water chemistry, suggesting isotopic information adds insight that simple hydrometrics are unable to provide. Our results show that event water is responsible for phosphorus loss at the watershed scale, indicating actions targeting fast pathways or targeting pools of phosphorus available to those fast pathways can aid in reducing phosphorus transported by event water.
Assessment of primary care provider and pharmacist knowledge, comfort, and barriers to appropriate inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Foster Brooke , Obidare‐Kolade Daniel , Nagy Michael
Published: January 2023

Pharmacotherapeutic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily involves the use of inhaled bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Mounting evidence in recent years suggests ICSs should be reserved for a limited COPD population. This study set out to understand primary care pharmacist and primary care provider comfort, barriers, and knowledge regarding appropriate ICS use in COPD. A cross‐sectional, survey‐based study was conducted. The survey was shared with primary care providers and primary care pharmacists at two healthcare organizations in Southeastern Wisconsin. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the survey results. The primary outcome was level of comfort, as reported using a 7‐point Likert scale of participants with five statements related to managing ICSs in patients with COPD. Secondary outcomes were level of agreeance, as reported using a 7‐point Likert scale of participants to the existence of seven different barriers to successfully executing ICS de‐escalation. Escalation in patients with COPD who qualify and percentage of participants who correctly answered a select‐all‐that‐apply knowledge‐check question regarding appropriate patient factors for ICS de‐escalation. Participants were most uncomfortable with creating a tapering schedule for ICS de‐escalation. Most participants agreed that many barriers exist to executing appropriate ICS de‐escalations. Twenty percent of all participants answered the knowledge‐check question completely correctly. The study's findings suggest the surveyed primary care providers and pharmacists are uncomfortable with several aspects of COPD management. There are many barriers that prevent clinicians from de‐escalating ICSs in appropriate patients. Clinicians may have knowledge gaps regarding what factors make patients appropriate for ICS de‐escalation.
Theoretical study of the absorption and emission spectrum and non‐adiabatic excited state dynamics of gas‐phase xanthone
Authors: Chin Chih‐Hao , Zhu Tong , Zhang John Zeng Hui
Published: January 2023

The ground, singlet, and triplet excited state structures (S1, S2, T1, and T2) of xanthone have been calculated and characterized in the adiabatic representation by using time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). However, the fast intramolecular transition mechanisms of xanthone are still under debate, and so we perform non‐adiabatic excited state dynamics of the photochemistry of xanthone gas phase and find that it follows El‐Sayed's rule. Electronic transition mechanism of xanthone is sequential from the S2 state: the singlet internal conversion (IC) time from S2 (1ππ*) to S1 (1nπ*) is 3.85 ps, the intersystem crossing (ISC) from S1 (1nπ*) to T2 (3ππ*) takes 4.76 ps, and the triplet internal conversion from T2 (3ππ*) to T1 (3nπ*) takes 472 fs. The displaced oscillator, Franck–Condon approximation, and one‐photon excitation equations were used to simulate the absorption spectra of S0 → S2 transition, with v55 being most crucial for S0 structure; the fluorescence spectra of S1 → S0 transition with v47 for S1; and the phosphorescence spectra of T1 → S0 transition with v4 for T1. Our method can reproduce the experimental absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence spectra of gas‐phase xanthone.
Synergy effects of Mo2C and AC on the structure and catalytic performance of Mo2C/AC for NO2 to NO
Authors: Mu Shifang , Wang Yan , Wang Hongliang , Weng Yujing , Sun Qi , Zhang Yulong , Hong Tingfeng
Published: January 2023

Background

Research on catalysts for the efficient conversion of NO2 to NO is of great significance for the accurate determination of NO2 concentration and the reduction of environmental pollution. The present work investigated the synergistic interaction between coconut shell activated carbon (AC) and Mo2C, along with the catalytic performance of NO2 to NO. The aim of this study was to prepare a composite catalyst with activated carbon as the support to improve the conversion of NO2 at low temperatures. The effect of Mo loading w(Mo) on the reaction performance of NO2 to NO was studied by technical analysis, and the internal mechanism of Mo2C/AC for improving the reaction activity of the catalyst was revealed to provide a reference for the development of new efficient NO2 converting agents.

Results

Commercially available Mo2C, AC, and Mo2C/AC catalysts can convert NO2 to NO under reaction test conditions. When the gas flow rate is 1.5 L/min and the temperature is 250°C, the NO2 conversion rates of 5‐Mo2C/AC, 10‐Mo2C/AC, 15‐Mo2C/AC, and 20‐Mo2C/AC are 96.1%, 97.8%, 97.0%, and 93.2%, respectively.  The NO2 conversion rates of 10‐Mo2C/AC is about 4 times that of Mo2C and 1.1 times that of AC at 250 °C.

Conclusion

The Mo2C/AC catalyst is rich in micropores and provides a reaction vessel for the conversion of NO2 to NO. AC with high specific surface area can not only change the dispersion and particle size of Mo2C species on the catalyst surface, but also adjust the NOx desorption performance of the catalyst. The synergism between the AC and Mo2C of Mo2C/AC provides more active sites for NO2 to NO, improving the reaction performance of the catalyst. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effect of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease on Left Ventricular Deformation and Atrioventricular Coupling in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome Assessed by MRI
Authors: Huang Shan , Shi Ke , Li Yuan , Wang Jin , Jiang Li , Gao Yue , Yan Wei‐Feng , Shen Li‐Ting , Yang Zhi‐Gang
Published: January 2023

Background

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was recently recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose

To examine the effect of MAFLD on cardiac function in metabolic syndrome by MRI.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

One hundred seventy‐nine patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), 101 with MAFLD (MAFLD [+]) and 78 without (MAFLD [−]). Eighty‐one adults without any of the components of MetS or cardiac abnormalities were included as control group.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T; balanced steady‐state free precession sequence.

Assessment

Left atrial (LA) strain was assessed during three phases: reservoir strain (LA‐RS), conduit strain (LA‐CS), and booster strain (LA‐BS). Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal (LV‐GLS) strain was also derived. The left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) was calculated as the ratio of LA end‐diastolic volume (LA‐EDV) and LV‐EDV.

Statistical Tests

Student's t test or Mann–Whitney U test; One‐way analysis of variance. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Among MetS patients, individuals with MAFLD had significantly lower magnitude LV‐GLS (−11.6% ± 3.3% vs. −13.8% ± 2.7%) than those without MAFLD. For LA strains, LA‐RS (36.9% ± 13.7% vs. 42.9% ± 13.5%) and LA‐CS (20.0% ± 10.6% vs. 24.1% ± 9.2%) were also significantly reduced in MAFLD (+) compared to MAFLD (−). The LACIs (17.2% [12.9–21.2] % vs. 15.8% [12.2–19.7] %) were significantly higher in patients with MAFLD compared to those without MAFLD. After adjustment for other clinical factors, MAFLD was found to be independently correlated with LV‐GLS (β = −0.270) and LACI (β = 0.260).

Data Conclusion

MAFLD had an unfavorable effect on LV myocardial strain in MetS. Moreover, LA strain and atrioventricular coupling were further impaired in patients with concomitant MAFLD compared to those without MAFLD. Last, MAFLD was independently associated with subclinical LV dysfunction and atrioventricular coupling after adjustment for other clinical factors.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

3
Effects of characteristics of douchi during rapid fermentation and antioxidant activity using different starter cultures
Authors: Hou Hongwei , Zhou Wanting , Guo Lidan , Jia Shuang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Liping
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

As a traditional Chinese condiment, douchi has attracted attention in Asian and European countries because of its high nutrient content and unique flavors. Douchi is currently produced mostly by natural fermentation. The quality of douchi produced in this way is affected by microbial species, temperature, humidity, and season, so the physical and chemical properties of the product, the content of flavor substances, and its safety vary. In this study, four safe strains with high protease activity, screened previously, namely Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lichtheimia ramosa, and Lichtheimia corymbifera, were used as starter cultures for douchi fermentation.

RESULTS

After 35 days, the results showed that the pH, titratable acids, free amino‐type nitrogen, amino acids, the total number of colonies, and neutral protease activity of all samples had reached an average level. Through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the content of key aroma substances aldehydes and esters was higher than in commercial douchi and the free amino acid content of douchi fermented by the four strains was three to five times that of commercial douchi. Douchi fermented by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens had more flavor substances and the highest 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐(2, 4, 6‐trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging rates of 92.4%. Four samples yielded total phenolic content and soy isoflavones in the range of 0.98–1.93 g kg−1 and 0.58–0.89 g kg−1, respectively.

CONCLUSION

These findings indicate that the use of a high‐protease activity starter to produce douchi can improve the quality of douchi to a certain extent. The douchi obtained using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens not only has a good flavor but also has a high level of antioxidant activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgical Excision Using Lymphosonography
Authors: Machado Priscilla , Liu Ji‐Bin , Needleman Laurence , Lazar Melissa , Willis Alliric I. , Brill Kristin , Nazarian Susanna , Berger Adam , Forsberg Flemming
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study evaluated the efficacy of lymphosonography in the identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in post neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients with breast cancer scheduled to undergo surgical excision.

Methods

Seventy‐nine subjects scheduled for breast cancer surgery with SLN excision completed this IRB‐approved study, out of which 18 (23%) underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. Subjects underwent percutaneous Sonazoid (GE Healthcare) injections around the tumor area for a total of 1.0 mL. Lymphosonography was performed using CPS on an S3000 HELX scanner (Siemens Healthineers) with a linear probe. Subjects received blue dye and radioactive tracer as part of their standard of care. Excised SLNs were classified as positive or negative for the presence of blue dye, radioactive tracer and Sonazoid. The results were compared between methods and pathology findings.

Results

Seventy‐two SLNs were surgically excised from 18 subjects, 29 were positive for blue dye, 63 were positive for radioactive tracer and 57 were positive for Sonazoid. Comparison with blue dye showed that both radioactive tracer and lymphosonography achieved an accuracy of 53% (P > .50). Comparison with radioactive tracer showed that blue dye had an accuracy of 53%, while lymphosonography achieved an accuracy of 67% (P < .01). Of the 72 SLNs, 15 were determined malignant by pathology; the detection rate was 47% for blue dye (7/15), 67% for radioactive tracer (10/15) and 100% for lymphosonography (15/15) (P < .001).

Conclusions

Lymphosonography achieved similar accuracy as radioactive tracer and higher accuracy than blue dye for identifying SLNs. The 15 SLNs positive for malignancy were all identified by lymphosonography.
Acceleration of Biodegradation Using Polymer Blends and Composites
Authors: Easton Zhong H. W. , Essink Mike A. J. , Rodriguez Comas Laura , Wurm Frederik R. , Gojzewski Hubert
Published: January 2023

Biobased and biodegradable polymers are used in bioplastics as blends or composites of various materials to tune their physical properties but also influence their stability with respect to biodegradation. Biodegradable polymers are often not as biodegradable as they are claimed to be, especially due to different degradation conditions in soil, water, compost, or in vivo. Mixing such polymers with faster degrading polymers (blends) or fillers (composites) is a powerful strategy to adjust degradation rates. This review selects representative examples of bioplastic blends and composites in applications, such as tissue engineering, agriculture, or packaging, with a focus on controlling/accelerating the biodegradation rates. It also focuses on strategies such as hydrolysis enhancement, attraction of microbes for microbial degradation, pore forming fillers, or increase of phase separation in polymer mixtures. A basis for the prevention of microplastic formation or unwanted side effects with too slow degradation rates of biodegradable polymers is set.
The two‐sided short‐time quaternionic offset linear canonical transform and associated convolution and correlation
Authors: Bhat Mohammad Younus , Dar Aamir Hamid
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we introduce the two‐dimensional short‐time quaternion offset linear canonical transform (ST‐QOLCT), which is a generalization of the classical short‐time offset linear canonical transform (ST‐OLCT) in quaternion algebra setting. Several useful properties of the ST‐QOLCT are obtained from the properties of the ST‐QOLCT kernel. Based on the properties of the ST‐QOLCT and the convolution and correlation operators associated with QOLCT, we derive convolution and correlation theorems for the ST‐QOLCT. Finally, some potential applications of the ST‐QOLCT are introduced.
Ligand‐Promoted [Pd]‐Catalyzed α‐Alkylation of Ketones through a Borrowing‐Hydrogen Approach
Authors: Manojveer Seetharaman , Garg Nitish K. , Gul Zarif , Kanwal Ayesha , Goriya Yogesh , Johnson Magnus T.
Published: January 2023

A new class of palladium complexes bearing bidentate 2‐hydroxypyridine based ligands have been prepared and fully characterized. The applications of these new complexes towards ketone alkylation reactions with alcohols through a metal‐ligand cooperative borrowing‐hydrogen (BH) process were demonstrated.
Automating the treatment planning process for 3D‐conformal pediatric craniospinal irradiation therapy
Authors: Hernandez Soleil , Nguyen Callistus , Parkes Jeannette , Burger Hester , Rhee Dong Joo , Netherton Tucker , Mumme Raymond , Vega Jean Gumma‐De La , Duryea Jack , Leone Alexandrea , Paulino Arnold C. , Cardenas Carlos , Howell Rebecca , Fuentes David , Pollard‐Larkin Julianne , Court Laurence
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Pediatric patients with medulloblastoma in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are most treated with 3D‐conformal photon craniospinal irradiation (CSI), a time‐consuming, complex treatment to plan, especially in resource‐constrained settings. Therefore, we developed and tested a 3D‐conformal CSI autoplanning tool for varying patient lengths.

Methods and materials

Autocontours were generated with a deep learning model trained:tested (80:20 ratio) on 143 pediatric medulloblastoma CT scans (patient ages: 2–19 years, median = 7 years). Using the verified autocontours, the autoplanning tool generated two lateral brain fields matched to a single spine field, an extended single spine field, or two matched spine fields. Additional spine subfields were added to optimize the corresponding dose distribution. Feathering was implemented (yielding nine to 12 fields) to give a composite plan. Each planning approach was tested on six patients (ages 3–10 years). A pediatric radiation oncologist assessed clinical acceptability of each autoplan.

Results

The autocontoured structures’ average Dice similarity coefficient ranged from .65 to .98. The average V95 for the brain/spinal canal for single, extended, and multi‐field spine configurations was 99.9% ± 0.06%/99.9% ± 0.10%, 99.9% ± 0.07%/99.4% ± 0.30%, and 99.9% ± 0.06%/99.4% ± 0.40%, respectively. The average maximum dose across all field configurations to the brainstem, eyes (L/R), lenses (L/R), and spinal cord were 23.7 ± 0.08, 24.1 ± 0.28, 13.3 ± 5.27, and 25.5 ± 0.34 Gy, respectively (prescription = 23.4 Gy/13 fractions). Of the 18 plans tested, all were scored as clinically acceptable as‐is or clinically acceptable with minor, time‐efficient edits preferred or required. No plans were scored as clinically unacceptable.

Conclusion

The autoplanning tool successfully generated pediatric CSI plans for varying patient lengths in 3.50 ± 0.4 minutes on average, indicating potential for an efficient planning aid in a resource‐constrained settings.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cell‐free DNA testing for detection of fetal sex chromosome aneuploidy
Authors: Shear Matthew A. , Swanson Kate , Garg Ria , Jelin Angie C. , Boscardin John , Norton Mary E. , Sparks Teresa N.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The aim was to determine the accuracy of cell‐free DNA testing (cfDNA) for detecting sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA) in singleton pregnancies.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to assess cfDNA accuracy for prenatal detection of 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX and 47,XYY. Inclusion was restricted to studies published between January 2010 and December 2021 reporting both cfDNA and confirmatory diagnostic test results.

Results

For 45,X, the sensitivity was 98.8% (95%CI 94.6%–100%), specificity 99.4% (95%CI 98.7%–99.9%) and positive predictive value (PPV) 14.5% (95%CI 7.0%–43.8%). For 47,XXY, the sensitivity was 100% (95%CI 99.6%–100%), specificity 100% (95%CI 99.9%–100%) and PPV 97.7% (95%CI 78.6%–100%). For 47,XXX, the sensitivity was 100% (95%CI 96.9%–100%), specificity 99.9% (95%CI 99.7%–100%) and PPV 61.6% (95%CI 37.6%–95.4%). For 47,XYY, the sensitivity was 100% (95%CI 91.3%–100%), specificity 100% (95% CI 100%–100%) and PPV 100% (95%CI 76.5%–100%). All four SCAs had estimated negative predictive values (NPV) exceeding 99.99%, though false negatives were reported.

Conclusions

This analysis suggests that cfDNA is a reliable screening test for SCA, though both false negatives and false positives were reported. These estimates of test performance are derived from pregnancies at high pretest risk for aneuploidy, limiting the generalisability to average risk pregnancies.
Impact of the United Network for Organ Sharing policy change on induction immunosuppression practice patterns and outcomes in adult heart transplant recipients
Authors: Jennings Douglas L. , Baker William L.
Published: January 2023

Objective

We evaluated whether the new allocation system altered induction practice patterns and affected outcomes in adult HT recipients.

Design

Retrospective, observational, cohort study.

Data Source

This study used data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database.

Patients

We included adults (18+ years of age) who had undergone HT and received induction immunosuppression and were stratified based on surgery being before (January 1, 2015–May 31, 2018) and after (May 1, 2018–December 31, 2021) the UNOS allocation policy change.

Measurements

Outcomes of 30‐day mortality, 1‐year mortality, and 1‐year graft failure were compared between those transplanted before and after the policy change through risk‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models while drug‐treated rejection in the first year was compared using multiple logistic regression.

Results

Of the 7845 HT recipients who received induction therapy, 5070 (64.6%) were transplanted before and 2775 (35.4%) after the UNOS policy change. The most used induction agents were basiliximab (56.0%) and thymoglobulin (39.3%), with thymoglobulin used more often in the new (43.1%) than old system (37.2%; p < 0.001). Among adult HT recipients who received induction, risk‐adjusted hazards of 30‐day mortality (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.67–1.18), 1‐year mortality (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.84–1.19), and 1‐year graft failure (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.60–1.15) were similar between the old and new systems. Conversely, the adjusted odds of drug‐treated rejection in the first year was lower in the new system (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.38–0.72).

Conclusions

HT recipients in the new allocation system were more likely to receive thymoglobulin induction, which may be associated with a reduced risk of drug‐treated rejection.
Vorstoß in die Terahertz‐Lücke
Authors: Deinert Jan‐Christoph , Kovalev Sergey , Gensch Michael
Published: January 2023

Der Terahertz‐Frequenzbereich umfasst ein technisch wenig erschlossenes Grenzgebiet im elektromagnetischen Spektrum. Es ist aber besonders interessant, weil es im niederenergetischen Bereich viele Eigenfrequenzen verschiedener, komplexer Quantenphänomene enthält. Dafür stehen neuerdings intensive Terahertz‐Pulse aus spezialisierten Elektronenbeschleunigern zur Verfügung. Solche superradianten Hochleistungs‐Terahertz‐Quellen sind wichtige Großgeräte zur Erforschung der nichtlinearen Dynamik niederenergetischer Freiheitsgrade in Materie. Teil 2 im nächsten Heft wird zeigen, wie damit neue Materialien wie topologische Isolatoren erforscht werden können.
Windenergie in der Deutschen Bucht
Authors: Kleidon Axel
Published: January 2023

Ein wesentlicher Beitrag zur Energiewende wird von Offshore‐Windenergie in der deutschen Bucht erwartet. Wegen der starken und steten Winde erscheint die Offshore‐Stromerzeugung als sehr effizient. Für 2050 geht die Bundesregierung von einer installierten Leistung von 70 GW aus, also einer Verzehnfachung im Vergleich zu heute. Was passiert aber, wenn so viele Windturbinen dem Wind ihre Energie entziehen? Das lässt sich mithilfe der kinetischen Energiebilanz der Atmosphäre über den Windparks leicht ermitteln. Da der Eintrag von Bewegungsenergie begrenzt ist, müssen mit zunehmender Nutzung der Windenergie die Windgeschwindigkeiten in der Region sinken – und damit die Effizienz der Turbinen. Es wird also weniger Strom erzeugt, als man ohne diesen Effekt erwarten würde. Bei 70 GW würde das die Stromerzeugung um bis zu 40 % reduzieren. Trotzdem könnte sie einen großen Teil des gegenwärtigen Strombedarfs abdecken. Für die effiziente Windenergienutzung auf dem Meer empfiehlt es sich daher, Windparks möglichst weit verstreut zu planen, damit man ihren Einfluss auf die Windfelder verringert.
Attosekunden‐Stoppuhr für Kristalle
Authors: Freudenstein Josef , Meierhofer Manuel , Huber Rupert , Kira Mackillo
Published: January 2023

Wenn sich Elektronen durch einen Festkörper bewegen, wechselwirken sie laufend miteinander und definieren so wichtige Eigenschaften des Materials. Hochpräzise Kollisionsexperimente erlauben nun erstmals einen scharfen Blick auf die für Festkörper relevanten elektronischen Korrelationen direkt in der Zeitdomäne.
Spannung mit PUMA : Spannungslabor
Authors: Stolzenberger Christoph , Frank Florian , Trefzger Thomas , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen
Published: January 2023

Eine Technologie, die in der Lehre immer mehr Verbreitung findet, ist Augmented Reality (AR). Nützlich für die Physik ist dabei die Möglichkeit, eine theoretische Modellvorstellung oder Darstellungen davon direkt auf das reale Experiment zu überblenden. So lässt sich eine Verbindung zwischen Modell und Realität herstellen. Die App „PUMA : Spannungslabor“ ermöglicht diese Verknüpfung bei einfachen Stromkreisen.
Richard Powers Bewilderment
Authors: Mecke Klaus
Published: January 2023

Erzählungen über mögliches Leben auf fremden Planeten lassen uns erstaunen über ein von der Physik ungedachtes Land des inneren Erlebens. Sie ermöglichen, uns von der Natur und den Gedankenwelten anderer Menschen berühren zu lassen.
Bio‐based polyurethane‐graphene composites for adhesive application
Authors: Tiwari Shivam , Chhaunker Sanjai , Maiti Pralay
Published: January 2023

Natural oil‐based polyurethanes are prepared through solvent‐less and easily processable approach for adhesive applications. The polyurethane is optimized through varying the volume fractions of the precursors which was then confirmed through the different analyses to achieve the better combination for composite formation with graphene. The graphene‐polyurethane composites are processed in a simple hand mixing process with different graphene loadings and the role of the addition of graphene is studied using different analyses. The addition of graphene and the interaction with the polymer is well established through structural and thermal studies. The increase in the mechanical property with the addition of graphene to adequate amount at room temperature confirms better interfacial interaction with the polymer. The maximum peel strength obtained for the PU is around 1.05 N/mm, which supports the applicability of the prepared material for adhesive‐based applications.
Developing quantitative assays for six urinary glycoproteins using parallel reaction monitoring, data‐independent acquisition, and TMT‐based data‐dependent acquisition
Authors: Ponce Sean , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2023

Quantitative approaches encompassing parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), data‐independent acquisition (DIA), and data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) are commonly used to investigate protein expression profiles. However, analytical performances of assays developed using PRM, DIA, and Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)‐based DDA for quantitative proteomics have yet not been investigated. Here, we developed assays for glycopeptides identified from six glycoproteins, including Leucine‐rich alpha‐2‐glycoprotein (LRG1), Prostaglandin‐H2 D‐isomerase (PTGDS), Aminopeptidase N (ANPEP), CD63 antigen (CD63), Clusterin (CLU), and Prostatic acid phosphatase (ACPP), using PRM, DDA, and DIA and evaluated the analytical performances of each assay using the different acquisition modes. We also compared assays in each acquisition mode on three different orbitrap instruments: Thermo Fisher Q Exactive, Exploris 480, and Lumos. We found that DIA showed the largest linear range, highest sensitivity, and most reproducibility. We then applied our developed DIA assays to urine samples from non‐aggressive (n = 48) and aggressive (n = 35) prostate cancer patients. In conclusion, we developed assays for the six glycoproteins, evaluated the analytical performances of each assay in DIA, PRM, and PRM acquisition modes on three types of mass spectrometry instruments, and chose the DIA assays for the quantitative analysis of urine samples from patients with aggressive and non‐aggressive prostate cancer.
Omics insights into extracellular vesicles in embryo implantation and their therapeutic utility
Authors: Poh Qi Hui , Rai Alin , Salamonsen Lois A. , Greening David W.
Published: January 2023

Implantation success relies on intricate interplay between the developing embryo and the maternal endometrium. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important player of this intercellular signalling through delivery of functional cargo (proteins and RNAs) that reprogram the target cells protein and RNA landscape. Functionally, the signalling reciprocity of endometrial and embryo EVs regulates the site of implantation, preimplantation embryo development and hatching, antioxidative activity, embryo attachment, trophoblast invasion, arterial remodelling, and immune tolerance. Omics technologies including mass spectrometry have been instrumental in dissecting EV cargo that regulate these processes as well as molecular changes in embryo and endometrium to facilitate implantation. This has also led to discovery of potential cargo in EVs in human uterine fluid (UF) and embryo spent media (ESM) of diagnostic and therapeutic value in implantation success, fertility, and pregnancy outcome. This review discusses the contribution of EVs in functional hallmarks of embryo implantation, and how the integration of various omics technologies is enabling design of EV‐based diagnostic and therapeutic platforms in reproductive medicine.
The role of receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancer
Authors: Lv Zhengyuan , Wang Tianming , Cao Xin , Sun Mengting , Qu Yuan
Published: January 2023

Receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), Class I protein tyrosine phosphatases, are involved in human tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion through reversible phosphorylation of tyrosine residues. This review summarizes the expression and role of RPTPs in cancer and illustrates the signaling pathway mechanisms of effecting oncogenesis, tumor progression, prognosis, and angiogenesis, so as to provide more effective targets for gene therapy of related cancers.