bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Class of Abstract Linear Representations for Convolution Function Algebras over Homogeneous Spaces of Compact Groups
Authors: Ghaani Farashahi Arash
Published: November 2016

This paper introduces a class of abstract linear representations on Banach convolution function algebras over homogeneous spaces of compact groups. LetGbe a compact group andHa closed subgroup ofG. Letμbe the normalizedG-invariant measure over the compact homogeneous spaceG/Hassociated with Weil's formula and. We then present a structured class of abstract linear representations of the Banach convolution function algebrasLp(G/H,μ).
Orbit equivalence and Borel reducibility rigidity for profinite actions with spectral gap
Authors: Ioana Adrian
Published: November 2016

We study equivalence relations

\mathcal R(\Gamma\curvearrowright G)

that arise from left translation actions of countable groups on their profinite completions. Under the assumption that the action

\Gamma\curvearrowright G

is free and has spectral gap, we describe precisely when

\mathcal R(\Gamma\curvearrowright G)

is orbit equivalent or Borel reducible to another such equivalence relation

\mathcal R(\Lambda\curvearrowright H)

. As a consequence, we provide explicit uncountable families of free ergodic probability measure preserving (p.m.p.) profinite actions of

SL_2(\mathbb Z)

and its non-amenable subgroups (e.g.

\mathbb F_n

, with

2\leqslant n\leqslant\infty

) whose orbit equivalence relations are mutually not orbit equivalent and not Borel reducible. In particular, we show that if

S

and

T

are distinct sets of primes, then the orbit equivalence relations associated to the actions

SL_2(\mathbb Z)\curvearrowright\prod_{p\in S}SL_2(\mathbb Z_p)

and

SL_2(\mathbb Z)\curvearrowright\prod_{p\in T}SL_2(\mathbb Z_p)

are neither orbit equivalent nor Borel reducible. This settles a conjecture of S. Thomas [Th01,Th06]. Other applications include the first calculations of outer automorphism groups for concrete treeable p.m.p. equivalence relations, and the first concrete examples of free ergodic p.m.p. actions of

\mathbb F_{\infty}

whose orbit equivalence relations have trivial fundamental group.
Divergent CR-equivalences and meromorphic differential equations
Authors: Kossovskiy Ilya , Shafikov Rasul
Published: November 2016

Using the analytic theory of differential equations, we construct, in any positive CR-dimension and CR-codimension, examples of formally but not holomorphically equivalent real-analytic CR-submanifolds in complex space.
Segre classes as integrals over polytopes
Authors: Aluffi Paolo
Published: November 2016

We express the Segre class of a monomial scheme – or, more generally, a scheme monomially supported on a set of divisors cutting out complete intersections – in terms of an integral computed over an associated body in Euclidean space. The formula is in the spirit of the classical Bernstein–Kouchnirenko theorem computing intersection numbers of equivariant divisors in a torus in terms of mixed volumes, but deals with the more refined intersection-theoretic invariants given by Segre classes, and holds in the less restrictive context of ‘r.c. monomial schemes’.
Perron's method for the porous medium equation
Authors: Kinnunen Juha , Lindqvist Peter , Lukkari Teemu
Published: November 2016

This work extends Perron’s method for the porous medium equation in the slow diffusion case. The main result shows that nonnegative continuous boundary functions are resolutive in a general cylindrical domain.
The Catastrophe of Images
Authors: Randell-Moon Holly
Published: November 2016

A review of:Allen MeekBiopolitical Media: Catastrophe, Immunity and Bare LifeRoutledge, Abingdon, 2016ISBN 9781138887060 RRP £90.00 (hb)
Quantifying the contribution of land use change to surface
temperature in the lower reaches of Yangtze River
Authors: Wang Xueqian , Guo Weidong , Qiu Bo , Liu Ye , Sun Jianning , Ding Aijun
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Anthropogenic land use has significant impact on climate change. Located in the typical East Asian monsoon region, the land-atmosphere interaction in the lower reaches of Yangtze River is even more complicated due to intensive human activities and different types of land use in this region. To better understand these effects on microclimate change, we compare differences in land surface temperature (Ts) for three land types around Nanjing from March to August, 2013, and then quantify the contribution of land surface parameters to these differences (ΔTs) by considering the effects of surface albedo, roughness length, and evaporation respectively. The atmospheric background contribution to ΔTs is also considered based on differences in air temperature (∆Ta). It is found that the cropland cooling effect and urban heat island effect both are induced by significant human activities in this region but they have opposite impacts on Ts. Various changes in surface parameters affect radiation and energy distribution and eventually modify Ts. It is the evaporative cooling effect that plays the most important role in this region. Besides, the background atmospheric circulation is also an indispensable part in land-atmosphere feedback induced by land use change and reinforces both cropland cooling and urban heat island effects.
Characterization of fresh and aged organic aerosol emissions from meat charbroiling
Authors: Kaltsonoudis Christos , Kostenidou Evangelia , Louvaris Evangelos , Psichoudaki Magda , Tsiligiannis Epameinondas , Florou Kalliopi , Liangou Aikaterini , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Cooking emissions can be a significant source of fine particulate matter in urban areas. In this study the aerosol and gas phase emissions from meat charbroiling were characterized. Greek souvlakia with pork meat were cooked using a commercial charbroiler and a fraction of the emissions were introduced into a smog chamber where after a characterization phase they were exposed to UV illumination and oxidants. The particulate and gas phases were characterized by a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) correspondingly. More than 99 % of the aerosol emitted was composed of organic compounds, while black carbon (BC) contributed 0.3 % and the inorganic species less than 0.5 % of the total aerosol mass. The initial O : C ratio was approximately 0.09 and increased up to 0.30 after a few hours of chemical aging. The initial and aged AMS spectra differed considerably (θ = 27°). Ambient measurements were also conducted during Fat Thursday in Patras, Greece when traditionally meat is charbroiled everywhere in the city. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) revealed that COA reached up to 85 % of the total OA from 10:00 to 12:00 LST that day. The ambient COA factor in two major Greek cities had a mass spectrum during spring and summer similar to the aged COA chamber spectrum. On the other hand the ambient COA factor during winter resembled strongly the fresh laboratory COA.
Inferring 222Rn soil fluxes from ambient 222Rn activity and eddy covariance measurements of CO2
Authors: van der Laan Sander , Manohar Swagath , Vermeulen Alex , Bosveld Fred , Meijer Harro , Manning Andrew , van der Molen Michiel , van der Laan-Luijkx Ingrid
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We present a new methodology, which we call Single Pair of Observations Technique with Eddy Covariance (SPOT-EC), to estimate regional-scale surface fluxes of 222Rn from tower-based observations of 222Rn activity concentration, CO2 mole fractions and direct CO2 flux measurements from eddy covariance. For specific events, the regional (222Rn) surface flux is calculated from short-term changes in ambient (222Rn) activity concentration scaled by the ratio of the mean CO2 surface flux for the specific event to the change in its observed mole fraction. The resulting 222Rn surface emissions are integrated in time (between the moment of observation and the last prior background levels) and space (i.e. over the footprint of the observations). The measurement uncertainty obtained is about ±15 % for diurnal events and about ±10 % for longer-term (e.g. seasonal or annual) means. The method does not provide continuous observations, but reliable daily averages can be obtained. We applied our method to in situ observations from two sites in the Netherlands: Cabauw station (CBW) and Lutjewad station (LUT). For LUT, which is an intensive agricultural site, we estimated a mean 222Rn surface flux of (0.29 ± 0.02) atoms cm−2 s−1 with values  > 0.5 atoms cm−2 s−1 to the south and south-east. For CBW we estimated a mean 222Rn surface flux of (0.63 ± 0.04) atoms cm−2 s−1. The highest values were observed to the south-west, where the soil type is mainly river clay. For both stations good agreement was found between our results and those from measurements with soil chambers and two recently published 222Rn soil flux maps for Europe. At both sites, large spatial and temporal variability of 222Rn surface fluxes were observed which would be impractical to measure with a soil chamber. SPOT-EC, therefore, offers an important new tool for estimating regional-scale 222Rn surface fluxes. Practical applications furthermore include calibration of process-based 222Rn soil flux models, validation of atmospheric transport models and performing regional-scale inversions, e.g. of greenhouse gases via the SPOT 222Rn-tracer method.
A novel approach reveals high zooplankton standing stock deep in the sea
Authors: Vereshchaka Alexander , Abyzova Galina , Lunina Anastasia , Musaeva Eteri , Sutton Tracey
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In a changing ocean there is a critical need to understand global biogeochemical cycling, particularly regarding carbon. We have made strides in understanding upper ocean dynamics, but the deep ocean interior (> 1000 m) is still largely unknown, despite representing the overwhelming majority of Earth's biosphere. Here we present a method for estimating deep-pelagic zooplankton biomass on an ocean-basin scale. We have made several new discoveries about the Atlantic, which likely apply to the world ocean. First, multivariate analysis showed that depth and Chl were the basic factors affecting the wet biomass of the main plankton groups. Wet biomass of all major groups was significantly correlated with Chl. Second, zooplankton biomass in the upper bathypelagic domain is higher than expected. Third, the majority of this biomass comprises macroplanktonic shrimps, which have been historically underestimated. These findings, coupled with recent findings of increased global deep-pelagic fish biomass, suggest that the contribution of the deep-ocean pelagic fauna for biogeochemical cycles may be more important than previously thought.
A numerical analysis of biogeochemical controls with physical modulation on hypoxia during summer in the Pearl River Estuary
Authors: Wang Bin , Hu Jiatang , Li Shiyu , Liu Dehong
Published: November 2016

Abstract. As an important biogeochemical indicator of aquatic ecosystem, dissolved oxygen (DO) is affected by the boundary conditions and biogeochemical processes. Biogeochemical processes can affect DO concentrations by directly consuming or generating oxygen locally, or through changing the DO fluxes from the ambient water bodies. However, the latter mechanism is still unclear. In this study, a novel method named physical modulation of biogeochemical terms is therefore proposed and coupled to a physical-biogeochemical model to investigate their contributions to the hypoxia during the summer of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). According to the result of modulation method, re-aeration and sediment oxygen demand are the most important biogeochemical processes, and determine the distribution, the spatial extent, and the duration of hypoxia in the PRE. A DO balance analysis is conducted and reveals that although the re-aeration occurs on the air-sea interface, the reoxygenation leads to a strong DO gradient form between the surface and lower layers. As a result, the majority (89 %) of oxygen entering the surface layer from the atmosphere will be transported to the lower layer through the vertical diffusion, and 28 % eventually reach the bottom layer. Similarly, after consuming the bottom DO, sediment oxygen demand facilitates the downward DO flux of vertical diffusion and decreases the upward DO flux of vertical advection. Under the modulation of physical processes, sediment oxygen demand causes a most significant decrease in DO concentration by 4.31 mg L−1 in the bottom of the HFZ (a high frequency zone of hypoxia located off the Modaomen sub-estuary) and the west of lower estuary. However, the re-aeration supplements an average of 4.84 mg L−1 DO on the west of lower estuary, which leads to hypoxia only occur in HFZ. Numerical experiments show that turning off the re-aeration leads to an expansion of hypoxic area from 237 km2 to 2203 km2 and results in a shift of hypoxic center to the west of lower estuary. Moreover, a persistent hypoxia (hypoxic frequency > 80 %) is observed in the west of lower estuary. When compared with re-aeration and sediment oxygen demand, photosynthesis and water column respiration have fewer effects on DO conditions. In the bottom of the HFZ, photosynthesis exceeds the water column respiration and eventually supplements DO concentration by 0.98 mg L−1, causing an increase of hypoxic area to 591 km2.
Holocene evolution of the North Atlantic subsurface transport
Authors: Repschläger Janne , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Weinelt Mara , Schneider Ralph
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Previous studies suggested that short term freshening events in the subpolar gyre can be counterbalanced by interactions with the subtropical gyre and thus stabilize the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, little is known about the intergyre transport pathways. Here, we reconstruct surface and subsurface transport between the subtropical and polar North Atlantic during the last 10000 years, by combining new temperature and salinity reconstructions obtained from surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera with published data from the tropical and subpolar North Atlantic and published foraminiferal abundance data from the subtropical North Atlantic. These observations imply an overall stable warm surface water transport. Subsurface warm water transport started at about 8 ka with subtropical heat storage, and reached its full strength at about 7 ka, probably associated with the onset of the modern AMOC mode. Comparison of different potential forcing mechanisms suggests a freshwater control on these ocean transport changes.
A land surface model combined with a crop growth model for paddy rice (MATCRO-Rice v. 1) – Part 1: Model description
Authors: Masutomi Yuji , Ono Keisuke , Mano Masayoshi , Maruyama Atsushi , Miyata Akira
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Crop growth and agricultural management can affect climate at various spatial and temporal scales through the exchange of heat, water, and gases between land and atmosphere. Therefore, simulation of fluxes for heat, water, and gases from agricultural land is important for climate simulations. A land surface model (LSM) combined with a crop growth model (CGM), called an LSM-CGM combined model, is a useful tool for simulating these fluxes from agricultural land. Therefore, we developed a new LSM-CGM combined model for paddy rice fields, the MATCRO-Rice model. The main objective of this paper is to present the full description of MATCRO-Rice. The most important feature of MATCRO-Rice is that it can consistently simulate latent and sensible heat fluxes, net carbon uptake by crop, and crop yield by exchanging variables between the LSM and CGM. This feature enables us to apply the model to a wide range of integrated issues.
Estimating Annual Water Storage Variations Using Microwave-based Soil Moisture Retrievals
Authors: Crow Wade T. , Han Eunjin , Ryu Dongryeol , Hain Christopher R. , Anderson Martha C.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Due to their shallow vertical support, remotely-sensed surface soil moisture retrievals are commonly regarded as being of limited value for water budget applications requiring the characterization of temporal variations in total terrestrial water storage (S). However, advances in our ability to estimate evapotranspiration remotely now allow for the direct evaluation of approaches for quantifying annual variations in S via water budget closure considerations. By applying an annual water budget analysis within a series of medium-scale (2,000–10,000 km2) basins within the United States, we demonstrate that, despite their clear theoretical limitations, surface soil moisture retrievals derived from passive microwave remote sensing contain significant information concerning relative inter-annual variations in S. This suggests the possibility of using (relatively) higher-resolution microwave remote sensing to enhance the spatial resolution of S estimates acquired from gravity remote sensing. However, challenging calibration issues regarding the relationship between S and surface soil moisture must be resolved before the approach can be used for absolute water budget closure.
Inorganic and organic geochemical fingerprinting of sediment sources
and ocean circulation on a complex continental margin (São Paulo Bight, Brazil)
Authors: de Mahiques Michel Michaelovitch , Hanebuth Till Jens Jörg , Nagai Renata Hanae , Bícego Marcia Caruso , Figueira Rubens Cesar Lopes , Sousa Silvia Helena de Mello , Burone Leticia , Franco-Fraguas Paula , Taniguchi Satie , Salaroli Alexandre Barbosa , Dias Gilberto Pereira , Prates Denise Menezes , Freitas Maria Eugenia Fernandes
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In this study, we use inorganic (metals) and organic (bulk and molecular) markers in sediment samples of the southeastern Brazilian margin to investigate the response of geochemical fingerprints to the complex hydrodynamic processes present in the area. Results indicate the potential of export of terrigenous siliciclastic and organic constituents to the upper slope, even in an area with limited fluvial supply. Metal contents and especially the ln(Ti/Al) and ln(Fe/K) ratios make it possible to recognize the extension of shelf sediments toward the upper slope. Potassium, here expressed as ln(K/Sc) and ln(K/Al) ratios used as proxies of illite–kaolinite variations, proved to be an important parameter, especially because it allowed us to decipher the imprint of the northward flow of the Intermediate Western Boundary Current (IWBC) in comparison to the southward flows of the Brazil Current (BC) and Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC). Using organic matter analyses, we were able to evaluate the extent of terrestrial contributions to the outer shelf and slope, even without the presence of significant fluvial input. In addition, molecular markers signify a slight increase in the input of C4-derived plants to the slope sediments, transported from distant areas by the main alongshore boundary currents, indicating that the terrestrial fraction of the organic matter deposited on the slope has a distinct origin when compared to shelf sediments.
Relating optical and microwave grain metrics of snow: the relevance of grain shape
Authors: Krol Quirine , Löwe Henning
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Grain shape is commonly understood as a morphological characteristic of snow that is independent of the optical diameter (or specific surface area) influencing its physical properties. In this study we use tomography images to investigate two objectively defined metrics of grain shape that naturally extend the characterization of snow in terms of the optical diameter. One is the curvature length λ2, related to the third-order term in the expansion of the two-point correlation function, and the other is the second moment μ2 of the chord length distributions. We show that the exponential correlation length, widely used for microwave modeling, can be related to the optical diameter and λ2. Likewise, we show that the absorption enhancement parameter B and the asymmetry factor gG, required for optical modeling, can be related to the optical diameter and μ2. We establish various statistical relations between all size metrics obtained from the two-point correlation function and the chord length distribution. Overall our results suggest that the characterization of grain shape via λ2 or μ2 is virtually equivalent since both capture similar aspects of size dispersity. Our results provide a common ground for the different grain metrics required for optical and microwave modeling of snow.
Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model
Authors: Fettweis Xavier , Box Jason E. , Agosta Cécile , Amory Charles , Kittel Christoph , Gallée Hubert
Published: November 2016

Abstract. With the aim of studying the recent Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) Surface Mass Balance (SMB) decrease with respect to the last century, we have forced the regional climate MAR model (version 3.5.2) with the ERA-Interim (1979–2015), ERA-40 (1958–2001), NCEP-NCARv1 (1948–2015), NCEP-NCARv2 (1979–2015), JRA-55 (1958–2014), 20CRv2(c) (1900–2014) and ERA-20C (1900–2010) reanalysis. While all of these forcing products are reanalyses assumed to represent the same climate, they produce significant differences in the MAR simulated SMB over their common period. A temperature adjustment of +1 °C (respectively −1 °C) improved the accuracy of MAR boundary conditions from both ERA-20C and 20CRv2 reanalyses given that ERA-20C (resp. 20CRv2) is 1 °C colder (resp. warmer) over Greenland than ERA-Interim over 1980–2010. Comparisons with daily PROMICE near-surface observations validated these adjustments. Comparisons with SMB measurements from PROMICE, ice cores and satellite derived melt extent reveal the most accurate forcing data sets for simulating the GrIS SMB to be ERA-Interim and NCEP-NCARv1. However, some biases remain in MAR suggesting that some improvements need still to be done in its cloudiness and radiative scheme as well as in the representation of the bare ice albedo. Results from all forcing simulations indicate: (i) the period 1961–1990 commonly chosen as a stable reference period for Greenland SMB and ice dynamics is actually a period when the SMB was anomalously positive (~ +10 %) compared to the last 120 years; (ii) SMB has decreased significantly after this reference period due to increasing and unprecedented melt reaching the highest rates in the 120 year common period; (iii) before 1960, both ERA-20C and 20CRv2 forced MAR simulations suggest a significant precipitation increase over 1900–1950 although this increase could be the result of an artefact in reanalysis not enough constrained by observations during this period. These MAR-based SMB and accumulation reconstructions are however quite similar to those from Box (2013) after 1930, which confirms the Box (2013)'s stationarity assumption of SMB over the last century. Finally, the ERA-20C forced simulation only suggests that SMB during the 1920–1930 warm period over Greenland was comparable to the SMB of the 2000's due to both higher melt and lower precipitation than normal.
Effect of wheat and corn germs addition on the physical properties and crackers sensory quality
Authors: Kuchtová Veronika , Minarovičová Lucia , Kohajdová Zlatica , Karovičová Jolana
Published: November 2016

Crackers are a potential material for the addition of cereal germs as a functional ingredient because they are a popular bakery item. The suitability of cereal germs for crackers production was investigated in this study. The effect of cereal germs incorporation to wheat dough (at level 5, 10 and 15%) on the physical properties (specific volume, volume index, width, thickness and spread ratio) and sensory parameters (appearance, firmness, taste, odor and overall acceptability) of cracker were evaluated. It was shown that wheat and corn germ addition to crackers resulted in decreased specific volume from 1.65 cm3.g-1 (control sample) to 1.52 cm3.g-1 (10% corn germs addition) and volume index 3.20 cm (control sample) to 2.57 cm (15% wheat germ), whereas spread ratio increased from 4.71 (fine wheat flour) to 5.06 (15% corn germ). No significant differences were found between the values obtained for width and thickness for crackers supplemented with 5% wheat germ to control sample. Addition of corn germ and wheat germ at level 15% caused decrease volume index of crackers about 13 and 20%. On the other hand enriched crackers of wheat germ and corn germ at level 15% was increment spread ratio by 5 and 7%. Regarding to sensory properties the overall appearance was affected significantly by addition of wheat and corn germ. Higher addition of wheat and corn germ in the crackers adversely affected firmness, taste and odor of final products. In generally, sensory properties of crackers were markedly affected with addition of cereal germs. The most significant differences were observed in appearance of crackers, when the 15% of wheat or corn germs were added (15 and 30% decreasing of this attribute in compare to control sample, respectively). The results of sensory analysis also showed that the crackers incorporated with wheat germs up to 10% level resulted in products with good acceptability.
Genetic variation and relationships of old maize genotypes (Zea mays L.) detected using SDS-page
Authors: Vivodí­k Martin , Gálová Zdenka , Balážová Želmí­ra , Petrovičová Lenka , Kuťka Hlozáková Tí­mea
Published: November 2016

The assessment of genetic diversity among the members of a species is of vital importance for successful breeding and adaptability. In the present study 40 old genotypes of maize from Hungary, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Slovak Republic  were evaluated for the total seed storage proteins using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) through vertical slab unit. The number of total scorable protein bands was twentythree as a result of SDS-PAGE technique but those that were not cosistent in reproducibility and showed occasional variation in sharpness and density were not considered. Out of twentythree polypeptide bands, 6 (31%) were commonly present in all accessions and considered as monomorphic, while 17 (65%) showed variations and considered as polymorphic. On the basis of banding profiles of proteins of different kDa, gel was divided into zones A, B and C. The major protein bands were lied in zones A and B, while minor bands were present in zones C. In zone A out of 10 protein bands, 1 were monomorphic and 9 were polymorphic. In zone B out of 8 protein bands, 3 was monomorphic and 5 was polymorphic and in zone C out of 5 protein bands, 2 were monomorphic whereas 3 polymorphic. The dendrogram tree demonstrated the relationship among the forty registered old maize genotypes according to the similarity index, using UPGMA cluster analysis. The dendrogram was divided into two main clusters. The first one contained eleven genotypes from maize, while the second cluster contained the twentynine genotypes of maize. Similarly the present study of genetic variability in the seed storage polypeptide determined by SDS-PAGE technique proved that it is fruitful to identify genetic diversity among accessions of maize.
Texture quality of muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) From different retailers during storage
Authors: Bobková Alica , Šnirc Marek , Král Martin , Oštádalová Martina , Pokorná Jana , Fekete Tomáš , Belej Ľubomí­r
Published: November 2016

The subject of study was to assess and to compare the effect of storage time on flesh firmness and skin strength in muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) obtained from supermarket and marketplace. Texture quality of fruit is considered to be the major determinant for customer preference that depends on harvesting maturity and proper storage conditions of fruit and its fresh-cuts. Changes in flesh firmness and skin strength were measured periodically in stored fresh-cut fruits in both groups for initial, 2nd, 5th and 6th day. Analysis of basic physical parameters revealed that muskmelons from marketplace had higher height and width perimeter and therefore also a higher weight, compared to those ones from supermarkets. Textural analysis pointed out to significant differences (p <0.05) in flesh firmness among initial day group and all tested groups from 2nd, 5th and 6th day in muskmelons from supermarket. In marketplace muskmelon group was observed significant difference (p <0.05) between samples from initial day and 5th day. Within the skin strength, there were demonstrated significant differences (p <0.05) between initial day and most of remaining storage days in both supermarket and marketplace muskmelons groups. The data for flesh firmness and skin strength were used in linear regression analysis, in order to evaluate trends during storage period. The correlation coefficients of linear model describing relationship between storage time and skin strength for the group of supermarket and marketplace muskmelons were r = -0.828 and r = -0.780, respectively, which indicated approximately equal relationship between time and skin strength in both tested groups. A strong inverse correlation (r = -0.816) between time and flesh firmness in the group of supermarket muskmelons was noticed. In the group of marketplace muskmelons, there was observed weaker inverse correlation (r = -0.441) within this relation, compared to commercial ones. The model revealed that the muskmelons from marketplace retailers tend to maintain the flesh firmness for a longer time than did commercial ones. The melon flesh quality was markedly changing during storage period and highly depends on the muskmelon origin.
EFFECT OF THERMO-OXIDATION ON PERMEATION RESISTANCE OF BROMOBUTYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: Pazur Richard J. , Mengistu T.
Published: November 2016

The impact of thermo-oxidation on the permeation process in a series of BIIR or bromobutyl compounds has been investigated. Methyl salicylate (MS) was used as the simulating chemical agent, and the permeation rate was measured gravimetrically using vapometers. Heat aged samples at 120 °C increased in stiffness with an accompanying decline in ultimate properties and network chain density. A reduction in permeability was found, driven primarily by the reduced solubility of MS in the thermo-oxidized BIIR matrix. The formation of a secondary oxidized chain network has been proposed to explain the decline in MS solubility. The loss of plasticizer during the heat aging process is responsible for the reduction of the MS diffusibility. Diffusion-limited oxidation during thermo-oxidation is also a likely factor in affecting the MS transport process.
Urban Sustainability and the Economic Impact of Implementing a Structured Waste Management System: A Comparative Analysis of Municipal Waste Management Practices Developing Countries
Authors: Salau Oladipupo , Osho Gbolahan S , Salau Moriam
Published: November 2016

Implementing a structured municipal waste management system in urban spatial context revolves around integrated municipal solid waste system (IMSWM) that comprised all major actions in waste management. The institutional structure of IMSWM entails a much wider scope of responsibility that marked a departure from the traditional municipal waste management system that seeks to reduce risk to public health by removing waste from homes and cities to the landfill. Integrated waste management incorporates, in addition to reducing risk to public health and the environment, resource conservation and material recovery that promotes social inclusiveness and urban sustainability. The economic implication of implementing a balanced structured MSMW is enormous; not only in terms of financial burdens on the government but also the revenue it generates for local economy and its macroeconomic effects. This study makes use of secondary data and compares municipal waste management systems operated in three developing countries by looking at MWM strategy that optimizes economic efficiency and promotes sustainable development in urban cities that can be applicable to other developing countries.
El Control Constitucional de normas derogadas en Chile
Authors: Béjar Pinedo Francisco
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo se centra en los diversos mecanismos contemplados en nuestro ordenamiento para impedir que una norma declarada inconstitucional pueda ser aplicada. La reforma constitucional de 2005 estableció un monopolio del control de constitucionalidad de la ley y estableció la inconstitucionalidad con efectos generales, de un modo

análogo a la derogación. Las normas derogadas pueden recibir aplicación póstuma, lo que se conoce como ultra actividad. Sin embargo, en algunos casos, ha sido la judicatura ordinaria quien ha debido emplear algunos remedios procesales para evitar que una norma derogada surta efectos antagónicos a la carta fundamental.
Aproximación al derecho a la no discriminación arbitraria en el régimen de la Ley 19.496
Authors: Isler Soto Erika
Published: November 2016

En el presente estudio la autora nos propone un análisis sobre el desenvolvimiento del principio constitucional y derecho fundamental del derecho a la igualdad de la ley y

la interdicción de los tratamientos arbitrarios en el ámbito particular de los actos de consumo. Para ello, en primer término, emprende la reconstrucción normativa del

mencionado principio, para luego, dedicar su atención a cómo la garantía de la igualdad y la prohibición a la no discriminación en la Ley N° 19.496 en temas como la negativa a la venta o prestación de servicios, la publicidad abusiva o los sistemas de vigilancia, y

finalmente desarrollar los mecanismos de control jurisdiccional de las conductas contrarias al derecho a la no discriminación en el derecho del consumidor
Cambio climático y recursos marinos
Authors: Agar López Ester
Published: November 2016

No hay resumen disponible
Cambio climático y recursos marinos
Authors: Morales Ramírez Álvaro , Caviedes Verónica
Published: November 2016

No hay resumen disponible
Resistencia del VIH en mujeres embarazadas de Honduras durante el año 2015
Authors: Parham Lela , Murillo Wendy , Lorenzana de Rivera Ivette
Published: November 2016

El tratamiento antirretroviral (TARV) en mujeres embarazadas ha contribuido a la prevención de la transmisión del VIH de madre a hijo. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de resistencia del VIH-1 a la TARV es un problema latente y puede reducir la eficacia del tratamiento en las mujeres embarazadas, generar un riesgo de transmisión de madre a hijo e impactar el manejo clínico de las mujeres embarazadas o de los niños que resulten infectados.Este estudio determinó la presencia de resistencia en mujeres embarazadas VIH-1 positivo (recibiendo TARV) de Tegucigalpa y San Pedro Sula durante el año 2015. Un total de 63 participantes fueron analizadas y en 35 de ellas se obtuvo amplificación exitosa del gen pol del VIH-1 para evaluar la presencia de mutaciones asociadas a resistencia.La cuantificación de carga viral y conteo de CD4 fue realizado a todas las participantes. La prevalencia global de resistencia fue del 17 %. Un 62 % de las participantes presentaron carga viral detectable y en el 16 % recuentos celulares ≤200 celulas/ mm3. La prevalencia de resistencia, la viremia y bajos recuentos celulares indican que podría existir un riesgo de transmisión vertical en esta cohorte.Este estudio proporciona datos actuales sobre la prevalencia de la resistencia a la TARV en población femenina embarazada VIH-1 positivo de Honduras y refleja la necesidad de realizar de forma rutinaria y permanente pruebas de resistencia, carga viral y conteo de CD4, con el fin de apoyar en la prevención de la tramision del VIH-1 en el binomio madre-hijo.
Evidencia actual de la influencia del cambio climático en la variable lluvia diaria observada en Honduras a partir de la base de datos disponible a la fecha
Authors: Ávalos Roberto , Medina Hugo , Fietes Yolanda , Rojas Gladys
Published: November 2016

El motivo de la investigación es descubrir evidencia de que la lluvia diaria observada en el territorio hondureño está siendo afectada por el cambio climático; para este propósito se utilizará como data base las series diarias de la información disponible a la fecha.El territorio hondureño desde hace algunos años ha estado siendo afectado por fenómenos meteorológicos extremos máximos que han perjudicado en las diferentes áreas de la sociedad hondureña.Modelos atmosféricos globales para estudiar la influencia del cambio climático han sido aplicados en Honduras, cuyos resultados son proyecciones, en el tiempo, del comportamiento climático basado en ciertos supuestos. Tales resultados son interesantes para tomar en cuenta por los encargados de la planificación del país.En la presente investigación se han utilizado datos de lluvia diaria recolectada en toda la red de estaciones medidoras de lluvia que existen en el territorio hondureño, desde el 1944 al 2013; cabe mencionar que el inicio de las mediciones es diferente en cada estación. Esta red está conformada por subredes perteneciente a la Empresa Nacional de Energía Eléctrica, Dirección de Recursos Hídricos, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, Servicio Autónomo Nacional de Agua y Alcantarillado y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. Las series de lluvia diaria recolectadas tienen diferentes longitudes, por lo cual han sido clasificadas por cantidad de años disponible, a fin de utilizar la mayor cantidad de datos. Análisis puntuales y espaciales fueron aplicados para conocer la calidad de los mismos.  Mediante simple regresión se investigó la tendencia de la lluvia diaria de los promedios de 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 90, 180, 365, 1025, 1825 y 3650 días; estos promedios fueron determinados mediante la media aritmética y la media móvil. También se investigaron las tendencias de los días sin lluvia para las series de 365 días.En el estado actual de la información disponible de lluvia diaria, todavía no hay evidencia bien definida sobre la tendencia de aumento o disminución de la misma.
La accesibilidad universal en el campus de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras – Plan Maestro de accesibilidad – Honduras 2014
Authors: Estrada Luis , Salas Gerardo , Ortega Sergio , Girón Flora
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo ofrece el diagnóstico y los proyectos para alcanzar la accesibilidad universal en los edificios que forman parte de Ciudad Universitaria CU, según el Decreto 160 – 2005 (La Gaceta, 2005) y las Normas de Actualización de la Zonificación y Normas de Fraccionamiento, Obras y Uso del Suelo en el Distrito Central (Metroplan, 2008) además de la propuesta de una Plaza Central en el campus de la mayor universidad del país. El problema de la accesibilidad universal es un tema cualitativo, sin embargo, se realizaron encuestas para saber la percepción del estudiante universitario respecto a la accesibilidad. Existe una población discapacitada de 348 personas matriculadas en el segundo periodo de 2014. Se llevó a cabo un diagnóstico de los 33 edificios que componen el campus, las 70 rampas de circulación, los 28 estacionamientos y los 9 cruces peatonales. Posteriormente, se proyectó todas y cada una de las soluciones para volver el área accesible. Se hizo la propuesta de un estacionamiento central con capacidad para 600 vehículos y se aprovechó para proyectar una gran plaza de entrada. Los resultados indican que solamente un tercio de los edificios son accesibles, de los 17 estacionamientos pavimentados, ninguno posee plazas para discapacitados y se verificó que de las 70 rampas de circulación entre los edificios, solamente 31 tienen menos del 10% de inclinación. En este texto, compartimos los resultados de estos aspectos como una forma de contribución con las autoridades de la UNAH, de manera que, de acuerdo a sus prioridades y programación puedan realizar estas mejoras que vendrán a beneficiar a la población estudiantil.
Effects of Anger Rumination on Different Scenarios of Anger: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Offredi Alessia , Caselli Gabriele , Manfredi Chiara , Ruggiero Giovanni Maria , Sassaroli Sandra , Liuzzo Pamela , Rovetto Francesco
Published: November 2016

Anger rumination has been defined as a repetitive thinking style focused on causes and consequences of anger. Different studies have shown the role of anger rumination as a maintaining factor for emotional arousal and stress that can lead to behavioral dysregulation. The present study aims at investigating whether the role of anger rumination in increasing anger is different with respect to different anger scenarios. Moreover, effects of anger rumination on anger will be compared with the effects of 2 different thinking styles (cognitive reappraisal and distraction). Participants were asked to complete a batch of questionnaires assessing trait and state anger and anger rumination; after that, they were asked to identify themselves in different scenarios aimed at eliciting anger for different reasons. Finally, a specific thinking style was induced by reading some suggestions to each participant. Levels of anger were recorded before and after each induction. The type of scenario did not show any influence on levels of anger. All the thinking styles reduced levels of anger, and anger rumination had the smallest impact on anger measurements with respect to reappraisal and distraction. Scenarios did not show any meditational effect on the predicting power of the thinking styles on levels of arousal. Among induced thinking styles, anger rumination led to higher levels of anger, whereas cognitive reappraisal and distraction led to a greater reduction in levels of anger.
Modeling Impulsivity in Forensic Patients: A Three-Dimensional Model of Impulsivity
Authors: Tonnaer Franca , Cima Maaike , Arntz Arnoud
Published: November 2016

The current study investigated whether a multidimensional model could underlie impulsivity and its associations with various disorders in a forensic sample. Data were available from self-report and behavioral impulsivity instruments of 87 forensic patients. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to derive a dimensional impulsivity model, and the relationship between and possible predictive validity of impulsivity dimensions for psychopathology was investigated using product moment correlations and regression analysis. A 3-dimensional model of impulsivity was derived, with factors labeled impulsive decision making, sensation seeking, and response inhibition. Impulsive decision making was a predictor for a history of drug dependence, the impulsive lifestyle facet of psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder. Sensation seeking was not related to any psychopathology. Inadequate response inhibition was a predictor for drug dependence, psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder. Given the importance of the concept of impulsivity with regard to forensic risk assessment, the current results replicated earlier impulsivity models and imply that impulsivity is a crucial target for diagnosis and interventions and underlines the importance to consider impulsivity as a multidimensional construct.
Graduate Students’ Needs and Preferences for Written Feedback on Academic Writing
Authors: Singh Manjet Kaur Mehar
Published: November 2016

The aim of this research is to examine graduate students’ needs and preferences for written feedback on academic writing from their lecturers and thesis supervisors. Quantitative method via survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 21 respondents. The data collection involved Master and Doctorate students at a tertiary level institution in Malaysia. The data was analyzed and tabulated using descriptive analysis. Results indicate that graduate students regularly need written feedback on their academic writing and they preferred electronic method to obtain feedback from their supervisors. Findings also indicate that graduate students appreciated feedback which was straightforward, provided clear instructions, directed them to other related resources, and feedback which was detailed or specific. This research filled the gap in literature by providing awareness among thesis supervisors and lecturers on the students’ needs and preference for written feedback on their academic writing. Apart from that, greater understanding of students’ perceived needs for feedback and preferences of feedback is also vital for lectures and thesis supervisors to increase the effectiveness of providing constructive written feedback.
Native or Non-native-speaking Teaching for L2 Pronunciation Teaching?—An Investigation on Their Teaching Effect and Students’ Preferences
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Gouzhi
Published: November 2016

This study investigated L2 leaners’ preferences between native-speaking teachers (NST) and non-native-speaking teachers (NNST) as their English pronunciation teacher, and examined the participants’ accentedness and comprehensibility in L2-English pronunciation after being taught by a NST and a NNST. The participants were 30 undergraduates who were doing non-English majors at a university in China. They went through 4-month English pronunciation classes. In the first 2 months, they were taught by a NST. From the 3rd to the 4th month, they were taught by a NNST. Their accentedness and comprehensibility of spoken English were tested at the beginning of the programme (pre-test), at the end of the 2nd month (middle test), and at the end of the 4th month (post-test). Information on their evaluation of the NST and NNST as a pronunciation teacher was collected with questionnaires at the end of the experiment. According to the results, (1) compared with that in pre-test, the participants’ accentedness and comprehensibility both improved slightly in middle test; (2) compared with that in middle test, the participants received significant improvement both in comprehensibility and accentedness; (3) the majority of the participants prefer a NST to a NNST to be their English pronunciation teacher.
Error Correction in Oral Classroom English Teaching
Authors: Jing Huang , Xiaodong Hao , Yu Liu
Published: November 2016

As is known to all, errors are inevitable in the process of language learning for Chinese students. Should we ignore students’ errors in learning English?

In common with other questions, different people hold different opinions. All teachers agree that errors students make in written English are not allowed. For the errors students make in oral English, opinions vary from person to person. Many teachers think we should mainly focus on fostering the students’ competence of using the languages fluently, and errors the students make can be ignored. As far as I am concerned, we shouldn’t teach students this way.

In theory, there is no doubt that students are allowed to make errors while learning English. As Li yang puts it, students should enjoy making mistakes. There is another saying that the more mistakes you make, the more you will learn. It shows that mistakes can unfold what students are poor in. The teacher can help them out in time. All students hope for teachers’ help. They are willing to follow teachers’ guidance when necessary. Only in this way can they improve their English little by little. On the other hand, if we ignore students’ errors in spoken English, they will never be able to communicate well with other in English or do well in exams. In fact, the language error usually occurs in classroom English teaching at junior high school.This thesis will talk about language error correction in classroom teaching at junior high shool through analyzing the types of errors and exploring the causes of errors. And it will put forward to some strategies to correct these errors.
Effects of Safety Climate, Safety Attitude, and Safety Performance on Firm Performance: A Study of an Automobile Firm
Authors: Kundu Subhash C. , Yadav Bhawana , Yadav Anshul
Published: November 2016

This study investigates the relationship between safety climate, safety attitude and firm performance and the mediating effects of safety performance. The study is based on the 102 respondents from an automobile manufacturing plant operating in Haryana, India. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between independent, mediating, and dependent variables. The results of our study supported the framed hypotheses. Safety performance mediated between safety climate and firm performance, safety attitude and firm performance.