bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Automatic Machine Vision-Guided System for the Propagation of Potato Test-Tube Plantlets
Authors: Shengyong Xu , Biye Peng , Haiyang Wu , Fushuai Li , Xingkui Cai , Hongbing Duan
Published: May 2020

In manually propagating potato test-tube plantlets (PTTPs), the plantlet is usually grasped and cut at the node point between the cotyledon and stem, which is hardly located and is easily damaged by the gripper. Using an agricultural intelligent robot to replace manual operation will greatly improve the efficiency and quality of the propagation of PTTPs. An automatic machine vision-guided system for the propagation of PTTPs was developed and tested. In this paper, the workflow of the visual system was designed and the image acquisition device was made. Furthermore, the image processing algorithm was then integrated with the image acquisition device in order to construct an automatic PTTP propagation vision system. An image processing system for locating a node point was employed to determine a suitable operation point on the stem. A binocular stereo vision algorithm was applied to compute the 3D coordinates of node points. Finally, the kinematics equation of the three-axis parallel manipulator was established, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the nodes were transformed into the corresponding parameters X, Y, and Z of the three driving sliders of the manipulator. The experimental results indicated that the automatic vision system had a success rate of 98.4%, 0.68 s time consumed per 3 plants, and approximate 1 mm location error in locating the plantlets in an appropriate position for the medial expansion period (22 days).
Nearly Soft Menger Spaces
Authors: Al-shami Tareq M. , Kočinac Ljubiša D. R.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we define a weak type of soft Menger spaces, namely, nearly soft Menger spaces. We give their complete description using soft s-regular open covers and prove that they coincide with soft Menger spaces in the class of soft regular⋆ spaces. Also, we study the role of enriched and soft regular spaces in preserving nearly soft Mengerness between soft topological spaces and their parametric topological spaces. Finally, we establish some properties of nearly soft Menger spaces with respect to hereditary and topological properties and product spaces.
An Optimal Control Problem Governed by Nonlinear First Order Dynamic Equation on Time Scales
Authors: Sun Jian-Ping , Ren Qiu-Yan , Zhao Ya-Hong
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we are concerned with a class of optimal control problem governed by nonlinear first order dynamic equation on time scales. By imposing some suitable conditions on the related functions, for any given control policy, we first obtain the existence of a unique solution for the nonlinear controlled system. Then, we study the existence of an optimal solution for the optimal control problem.
Feedback Control of a Chaotic Finance System with Two Delays
Authors: Jiang Zhichao , Zhang Tongqian
Published: May 2020

In this research, we use the double-delayed feedback control (DDFC) method in order to control chaos in a finance system. Taking delays as parameters, the dynamic behavior of the system is investigated. Firstly, we study the local stability of equilibrium and the existence of local Hopf bifurcations. It can find that the delays can make chaos disappear and generate a stable equilibrium or periodic solution, which means the effectiveness of DDFC method. By using the normal form theory and center manifold argument, one derives the explicit algorithm for determining the properties of bifurcation. In addition, we also apply some mathematical methods (stability crossing curves) to show the stability changes of the financial system in two parameters’ τ1,τ2 plane. Finally, we give some numerical simulations by Matlab Microsoft to show the validity of theoretical analyses.
The Synthesis of Glutamine-Functionalized Block Polymer and Its Application in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhu Yi-Zhi , Xu Di , Liu Zhen , Tian Tian , Deng Fei , Tang Wen-Juan , Wu Yang , Zhang Wei , Tang Jin-Hai
Published: May 2020

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly malignant tumor. At present, there are still no targeted drugs for TNBC. Clinical chemotherapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), have the characteristic of nontargeted distribution in treatment of TNBC, causing severe side effects. Therefore, new target treatment strategies for TNBC are of urgent need. It was speculated that glutamine could be a potential target because it is in high demand by TNBC. In this study, we found that the transporter for glutamine, ASCT2 (solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5)), is highly expressed in TNBC by analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and experiments in vitro. Based on this, glutamine was grafted onto a polymeric drug carrier in order to develop a tumor-targeting drug delivery system for treatment of TNBC. Firstly, pH-responsive glutamine-PEG5000-b-PAE10000 (Gln-PEG-b-PAE) copolymers were synthesized using Fmoc-PEG5000-b-PAE10000 (Fmoc-PEG-b-PAE) copolymers. Then, Gln-PEG-b-PAE@DOX micelles were prepared by loading DOX to Gln-PEG-b-PAE copolymer using a solvent casting technology. In vitro, Gln-PEG-b-PAE@DOX micelles exhibited pH-dependent micellization-decellularization behavior; namely, they can rapidly release DOX in acidic environment of pH 6.0 but release very slowly in physiological condition. Moreover, glutamine competition experiment showed that Gln-PEG-b-PAE@DOX micelles had the ability to target MDA-MB-231 cells. Compared to free DOX, Gln-PEG-b-PAE@DOX micelles had significantly greater cytotoxic effect and antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells. In vivo, compared to free DOX and mPEG-b-PAE@DOX micelles, Gln-PEG-b-PAE@DOX micelles significantly inhibited tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, Gln-PEG-b-PAE@DOX micelles, as a tumor-targeting drug delivery system, may provide a new method for the treatment of TNBC.
Evaluation of 4-tert-Butyl-Benzhydrylamine Resin (BUBHAR) as an Alternative Solid Support for Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Souza Sinval E. G. , Malavolta Luciana , Salomoni Luiggi F. , Cilli Eduardo M. , Schreier Shirley , Jubilut Guita N. , Nakaie Clovis R.
Published: May 2020

Following preliminary reports that introduced 4-tert-butylbenzhydrylamine resin (BUBHAR) as a novel polymer for use in solid-phase peptide chemistry (SPPS), some physical-chemical properties of its structure, certainly relevant for its application in this methodology, were compared with those of the largely used methylbenzhydrylamine resin (MBHAR). In order to rule out possible MBHAR-related commercial source effects for SPPS, we initially compared MBHAR batches acquired from three different manufacturers with homemade BUBHARs. The bead solvation properties of these two resins in solvents used in the tert-butyl (Boc-based) SPPS technique indicated that the mean swelling values of these solid supports (% volume of solvated bead occupied by the solvent) were 51% and 67% for MBHAR and BUBHAR, respectively. This result strongly suggests a good potential for the latter polymer in terms of application for application in SPPS. In order to move forward with this approach, the synthesis of the carboxy-terminal peptide fragment (Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-(D-Arg)-Gly-amide) of the antidiuretic hormone, desmopressin ([3-Mpa∗-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-(D-Arg)-Gly-amide], ∗1-[3-mercaptopropionic acid]), which our laboratory is producing routinely in large scale for the Health Secretary of Sao Paulo State. The comparative synthesis was conducted using these two resins with similar substitution degrees (~0.7 mmol/g). In contrast to MBHAR, surprisingly no need for a Gln⟶Asn recoupling reaction was observed when BUBHAR was used. This result might be due to improved solvation of the desmopressin C-terminal Asn-Cys-Pro-(D-Arg)-Gly-segment when bound to this latter resin as observed by microscopic swelling degrees of peptide-resin beads and also by greater mobility detected of peptide chains within the BUBHAR polymer backbone. This finding was determined by comparative electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of both peptide resins attaching the amino acid-type paramagnetic 2.2.6.6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (Toac) spin label early introduced by our group.
Endothelial Plaques as Sign of Hyphae Infiltration of Descemet’s Membrane in Fungal Keratitis
Authors: Qi Xiaolin , Liu Ting , Du Man , Gao Hua
Published: May 2020

Background. To evaluate the relationship between corneal endothelial plaques and fungal hyphae infiltration in fungal keratitis. Methods. Retrospective cross-sectional study of 60 fungal keratitis patients who underwent keratoplasty between January 2013 and March 2017. The endothelial plaques were graded as follows: grade 1, 1–3 endothelial plaques; grade 2, 4–8 endothelial plaques; and grade 3, more than 8 endothelial plaques or dense, merging endothelial plaques. The fungal pathogen culture and histopathology of diseased Descemet’s membrane were evaluated. Results. According to endothelial plaque grading, 3 patients were grade 1, 29 patients were grade 2, and 28 patients were grade 3. The PK surgery was performed in 57 patients with endothelial plaques of grade 2 and grade 3 and DALK surgery in 3 patients of grade 1. The predominating fungal pathogens were Aspergillus species (63.2%). All 57 patients with grade 2 and grade 3 had fungal hyphae in Descemet’s membrane based on calcofluor white staining or PAS staining. In patients with grade 3, more hyphae and inflammatory cells were found in Descemet’s membrane. The immunohistochemical staining of endothelial plaques revealed that CD15 and CD68 were positive in most cells. During the follow-up, 2 out of 3 patients who underwent DALK had recurrent fungal keratitis. Conclusions. Endothelial plaques are considered as a sign of hyphae infiltrating Descemet’s membrane. PK should be performed once plaques are detected in endothelium during the surgery.
Inulin-Grafted Stearate (In-g-St) as the Effective Self-Assembling Polymeric Micelle: Synthesis and Evaluation for the Delivery of Betamethasone
Authors: Chehardoli Gholamabbas , Norouzian Parham , Firozian Farzin
Published: May 2020

Background. Betamethasone as a corticosteroid drug is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Unfortunately, betamethasone is a low water-soluble drug and its efficacy is low. So an attractive strategy is the targeted delivery of betamethasone to the damaged joint using polymeric micelle-based carriers. Methods. Inulin-grafted stearate (In-g-St) was synthesized via the reaction of stearoyl chloride and inulin, then characterized by FT-IR and H-NMR. In-g-St forms micelles in the presence of betamethasone. The prepared polymeric micelles were characterized for size, zeta potential, drug loading, particles’ morphology, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and encapsulation efficiency. So sustained release polymeric micelles of betamethasone were developed by employing In-g-St. Results. The measurement of particle size showed a mean diameter of 60 and 130 nm for 10% and 20% drug-loaded micelles, respectively, and SEM showed that the particle’s morphologies are spherical. Zeta potential measurement for the drug-containing micelles showed a value of -11.8 mV. Drug loading efficiency and the encapsulation efficiency were 6.36% and 63.6%, as well as 18.97% and 94.88% for 10% and 20%, respectively. 20% drug-loaded polymer showed a small burst release of betamethasone at the first 3 h which was followed by sustained release in the next 24 h. Furthermore, the formula with 10% exhibited good sustained release properties except for the minor initial burst release. Conclusion. Data from the zeta potential, CMC, drug loading capacity, and in vitro drug release studies indicated that In-g-St polymeric micelles can be suitable candidates for the efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs like betamethasone.
An Empirical Model of Angle-of-Arrival Variance for a Gaussian Wave Propagation through Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence
Authors: Gao Chao , Jiao Libin , Li Xiaofeng
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes an empirical model of the angle-of-arrival (AOA) variance for a Gaussian wave propagating through the weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence. The proposed model is approximately expressed as the linear weighted average between the AOA variances of the plane and spherical waves. The Monte Carlo method is applied to validate the proposed model. The numerical simulations indicate that, under the geometrical optics approximation, the AOA variance for a Gaussian wave is insensitive to the change of the diffraction parameter and can be closely approximated by a simple linear relationship in the refraction parameter. These two properties ensure the validity of the empirical model.
Impact of Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking-Related Cancer Incidence in Germany 2020 to 2050—A Simulation Study
Authors: Gredner Thomas , Niedermaier Tobias , Brenner Hermann , Mons Ute
Published: May 2020

Background:

Germany is known for its weak tobacco control. We aimed to provide projections of potentially avoidable cancer cases under different tobacco control policy intervention scenarios.

Methods:

To estimate numbers and proportions of potentially avoidable cancer cases under different policy intervention scenarios (cigarette price increases, comprehensive marketing ban, and plain packaging), we calculated cancer site–specific potential impact fractions by age, sex, and year of study period (2020–2050), considering latency periods between reduction in smoking prevalence and manifestation in declining cancer excess risks. To obtain estimates of future incident case numbers, we assumed a continuation of recent smoking trends, and combined German cancer registry data with forecasted population sizes, published effect sizes, and national daily smoking prevalence data.

Results:

Over a 30-year horizon, an estimated 13.3% (men 14.0% and women 12.2%) of smoking-related cancer cases could be prevented if a combination of different tobacco control policies were to be implemented in Germany, with repeated price increases being the most effective single policy (men 8.5% and women 7.3%). Extensive sensitivity analyses indicated that the model is fairly robust.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that the expected cancer incidence in Germany could be considerably reduced by implementing tobacco control policies as part of a primary cancer prevention strategy.

Impact:

Our straightforward modeling framework enables a comparison of the impact of different health policy measures. To further accelerate the currently observed tentative trend of declining smoking prevalence in Germany and thereby curtail smoking-related cancer incidence, there is a great need to urgently intensify efforts in tobacco control.
Hematologic Markers and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Prospective Analysis in UK Biobank
Authors: Watts Eleanor L. , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Kothari Jaimal , Allen Naomi E. , Travis Ruth C. , Key Timothy J.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Risk factors for prostate cancer are not well understood. Red blood cell, platelet, and white blood cell indices may be markers of a range of exposures that might be related to prostate cancer risk. Therefore, we examined the associations of hematologic parameters with prostate cancer risk.

Methods:

Complete blood count data from 209,686 male UK Biobank participants who were free from cancer at study baseline were analyzed. Participants were followed up via data linkage. After a mean follow-up of 6.8 years, 5,723 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 323 men died from prostate cancer. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prostate cancer incidence and mortality by hematologic parameters, and corrected for regression dilution bias.

Results:

Higher red blood cell (HR per 1 SD increase = 1.09, 95% CI, 1.05–1.13) and platelet counts (HR = 1.07, 1.04–1.11) were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Higher mean corpuscular volume (HR = 0.90, 0.87–0.93), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HR = 0.90, 0.87–0.93), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (HR = 0.87, 0.77–0.97), and mean sphered cell volume (HR = 0.91, 0.87–0.94) were associated with a lower prostate cancer risk. Higher white blood cell (HR = 1.14, 1.05–1.24) and neutrophil count (HR = 1.27, 1.09–1.48) were associated with prostate cancer mortality.

Conclusions:

These associations of blood indices of prostate cancer risk and mortality may implicate shared common causes, including testosterone, nutrition, and inflammation/infection among several others in prostate cancer development and/or progression.

Impact:

These associations provide insights into prostate cancer development and progression.
Serum Iodine and Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Nested Case–Control Study Stratified for Selenium Levels
Authors: Manjer Jonas , Sandsveden Malte , Borgquist Signe
Published: May 2020

Background:

Iodine has been suggested to protect against breast cancer, but there are no epidemiologic studies on individual risk. An interesting finding is that in areas where the exposure to both selenium and iodine are high (e.g., Japan), the risk of breast cancer is lower than in areas where selenium is high and iodine low (e.g., United States), or in areas where both are low (e.g., Northern Europe). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between prediagnostic serum iodine levels and subsequent breast cancer risk, and to investigate if this potential association was modified by selenium levels.

Methods:

The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study provided prediagnostic serum samples and the current analysis included 1,159 breast cancer cases and 1,136 controls. Levels of baseline serum iodine and selenium were analyzed. A logistic regression analysis yielded ORs with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for potential confounders.

Results:

There was no evidence of an overall association between iodine levels and risk of breast cancer. Among women with high selenium levels (above the median), high iodine levels were associated with a lower risk of breast cancer; the OR for above versus below the median was 0.75 (0.57–0.99). The corresponding OR for women with low selenium was 1.15 (0.87–1.50), and the Pinteraction was 0.06.

Conclusions:

The combination of high serum iodine levels and high selenium levels was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer.

Impact:

A high iodine and selenium exposure may decrease the risk of breast cancer.
Body Mass Index Predicts Decline in Executive Function in Bipolar Disorder: Preliminary Data of a 12-Month Follow-up Study
Authors: Dalkner Nina , Bengesser Susanne , Birner Armin , Rieger Alexandra , Seebauer Julia , Platzer Martina , Hamm Carlo , Maget Alexander , Queissner Robert , Pilz René , Fellendorf Frederike T. , Reininghaus Bernd , Strassnig Martin T. , Kapfhammer Hans-Peter , Weiss Elisabeth M. , Reininghaus Eva Z.
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Obesity and associated risk factors have been linked to cognitive decline before. Objectives: In the present study, we evaluated potential cumulative negative effects of overweight and obesity on cognitive performance in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in a longitudinal design. Methods: Neurocognitive measures (California Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test [TMT] A/B, Digit-Symbol-Test, Digit-Span, d2 Test), anthropometrics (e.g., body mass index [BMI]), and clinical ratings (Hamilton Depression Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale) were collected over a 12-month observation period. Follow-up data of 38 patients with BD (mean age 40 years; 15 males, 23 females) were available. Results: High baseline BMI predicted a decrease in the patient’s performance in the Digit-Span backwards task measuring working memory performance. In contrast, cognitive performance was not predicted by increases in BMI at follow-up. Normal weight bipolar patients (n = 19) improved their performance on the TMT B, measuring cognitive flexibility and executive functioning, within 1 year, while overweight bipolar patients (n = 19) showed no change in this task. Conclusions: The results suggest that overweight can predict cognitive performance changes over 12 months.
Cine-Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Prosthetic Heart Valve Function
Authors: Hsu Charles , Bourganos Katerina , Zafar Mohammad A. , Huber Steffen , Buntin Joelle , Ziganshin Bulat A. , Mojibian Hamid , Elefteriades John A.
Published: May 2020

Background: After aortic valve replacement (AVR), suspected prosthetic valve dysfunction (mechanical or biological) may arise based on echocardiographic transvalvular velocities and gradients, leading to reoperative surgical intervention being considered. Our experience has found that 4-dimensional (space and time) image reconstruction of ECG-gated computed tomography, termed cine-CT, may be helpful in such cases. We review and illustrate our experience. Methods: Twenty-seven AVR patients operated previously by a single surgeon (who performs >100 AVRs/year) were referred for repeat evaluation of suspected aortic stenosis (AS) based on elevated transvalvular velocities and gradients. The patients were fully evaluated by cine-CT. Results: In all but 2 cases, the cine-CT strikingly and visually confirmed normal leaflet function and excursion, with no valve thrombosis, restriction by pannus, or obstruction by clot. In only 2 cases did cine-CT reveal decreased mechanical valve leaflet excursion. Repeat surgery was required in only 1 case while all other patients continued clinically without cardiac events. Conclusions: Echocardiography is an extraordinarily useful tool for the evaluation of prosthetic valve function. Increased pressure recovery beyond the valve and other factors may occasionally lead to exaggerated gradients. Cine-CT is emerging as an extremely valuable tool for further evaluation of suspected prosthetic valve AS. Our experience has been extremely helpful, as is shown in the dramatically reassuring images.
Clinical Significance of Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Extrahepatic Metastases
Authors: Komatsu Shohei , Kido Masahiro , Tanaka Motofumi , Kuramitsu Kaori , Tsugawa Daisuke , Awazu Masahide , Gon Hidetoshi , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Toyama Hirochika , Fukumoto Takumi
Published: May 2020

Background: This study evaluated the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with extrahepatic metastases who can undergo hepatectomy. Methods: A total of 32 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC with extrahepatic metastases, including lymph node and/or distant metastases were recruited for this study. Results: Fourteen patients had lymph node metastasis only, 16 had distant metastasis only, and 2 had both metastasis types during preoperative diagnosis. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of all patients was 17.9%, and the median survival time (MST) was 11.8 months. Univariate analysis revealed that intrahepatic maximal tumor size, intrahepatic tumor number, and intrahepatic tumor control after hepatectomy were significant factors influencing OS (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that independent risk factors for OS were intrahepatic maximal tumor size and intrahepatic tumor number (p < 0.05). The MST and 3-year OS rate of patients with maximal tumor size <100 mm and intrahepatic tumor number ≤2 were 39.0 months and 51.9%, respectively. Conclusions: Hepatectomy is not recommended for HCC patients with extrahepatic metastasis with ≥3 intrahepatic tumors, even when all intrahepatic tumors can be eliminated via hepatectomy. Aggressive surgery may be justified for HCC patients with ≤2 intrahepatic tumors and maximal tumor size <100 mm, irrespective of vascular invasion.
Neuropsychiatric Traits Associated with Refractory Impulse Control Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Choi Ji-Hyun , Lee Jee-Young , Jeon Beomseok , Koh Seong-Beom , Yoon Won Tae , Lee Ho-Won , Kwon Oh Dae , Kim Jae Woo , Kim Jong-Min , Ma Hyeo-Il , Kim Hee Tae , Baik Jong Sam  , Cho Jin Whan
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Impulse control disorder (ICD) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a critical nonmotor symptom with personality or neuropsychiatric traits contributing to ICD. Objective: This study aimed to identify predictive traits for persistent or paradoxical aggravation of ICD after dopamine agonist substitution therapy for ICD in PD. Methods: We conducted a case-control study using a database of a multicenter intervention trial for ICD in PD. The poor-outcome group was defined by showing paradoxical increases in ICD behaviors after the substitution of dopamine agonists with levodopa. We analyzed the pre-intervention personality traits associated with the poor outcome and also evaluated the risk traits for refractory ICD using a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The poor-outcome group showed higher levels of anger expression (p =0.007) and obsessive-compulsive traits (p =0.009) compared with the good-outcome group at the pre-intervention state. In the ROC curve analysis, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory showed the highest area under the curve with 80.0% sensitivity and 74.3% specificity in discriminating against the poor-outcome group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that assessment of obsessive compulsiveness may be useful for predicting the refractoriness of ICD behaviors in planning an interventional treatment for ICD in PD.
Shiftwork and Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Richter Kneginja , Peter Lukas , Rodenbeck Andrea , Weess Hans Günter , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Hillemacher Thomas
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Shiftwork can be a risk factor for a number of different somatic and psychological health conditions, especially sleep disorders. Shiftworkers sleep less than dayworkers, and 20–40% of them suffer from difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep, which result in reduced capacity for work and social life. A common coping strategy might be the use of alcohol, which presents a health and safety hazard as it further impairs sleep quality and exacerbates sleepiness in the workplace. This review aimed to assess the extent of such possible connections. Methods: We performed a systematic search of the scientific literature on shiftwork and alcohol consumption in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library. Only original studies comparing shiftworkers with non-shiftworkers were included. The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. Results: Fourteen articles are included in this review. Six studies report some kind of connection between shift- or nightwork and alcohol consumption, especially as a sleep aid. Conflicting or negative results are reported by 3 studies. Discussion: Shiftwork, especially working at night and in rotation shifts, is associated with binge drinking disorder in different professions. The reasons for pathological consumption of alcohol can be self-medication of sleep problems or coping with stress and psychosocial problems typical for shiftwork. Nurses aged over 50 years represent one important risk group. These results can be important for preventive programs against sleep disorders, including measures other than drinking alcohol as a sleep aid in the workplace of shiftworkers.
Retrospective Analysis of Treatment and Complications of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Colitis: Histological Ulcerations as Potential Predictor for a Steroid-Refractory Disease Course
Authors: Burla Julian , Bluemel Sena , Biedermann Luc , Barysch Marjam J. , Dummer Reinhard , Levesque Mitchell P. , Gubler Christoph , Morell Bernhard , Rogler Gerhard , Scharl Michael
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims: Among the severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that occur with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, colitis is the most frequent one. This study aimed at describing the experience from the largest gastroenterology unit in Switzerland with immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis (ICIAC), its clinical presentation, management, and outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who were referred for the evaluation of ICIAC between January 2011 and October 2018 to the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich. Results: Thirty-three patients with immune-related colitis grade 3 or 4 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail: All patients had diarrhea, 64% had abdominal pain, 42% had bloody stool, 27% had emesis, and 18% developed fever. In total, 33% were successfully treated with corticosteroids alone; 66% were steroid-refractory and treated with infliximab or vedolizumab. Two of these patients developed severe complications requiring surgery. All patients reached complete remission of ICIAC and its symptoms. At colonoscopy, ulcerations were seen in 37% of steroid-refractory versus 63% of steroid-responsive cases. Deep histological ulcerations invading the submucosa were only present in steroid-refractory cases. Conclusion: ICIAC is a severe irAE which frequently requires high-dose steroids and a close follow-up due to deleterious complications. The detection of histologically diagnosed deep ulcerations may predict a steroid-refractory course and may warrant early application of infliximab. However, larger studies are required to confirm our findings.
Inhibition of p38mapk Reduces Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Aging Mediated by Arginase-II
Authors: Huang Ji , Liu Chang , Ming Xiu-Fen , Yang Zhihong
Published: May 2020

Background: Adipose tissue inflammation occurs not only in obesity but also in aging and is mechanistically linked with age-associated diseases. Studies show that ablation of the l-arginine-metabolizing enzyme arginase-II (Arg-II) reduces adipose tissue inflammation and improves glucose tolerance in obesity. However, the role of Arg-II in aging adipose tissue inflammation is not clear. Objective: This study investigated the role of Arg-II in age-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Methods: Visceral adipose tissues of young (3–6 months) and old (20–24 months) wild-type (WT) and Arg-II−/− mice were investigated. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was performed for analysis of macrophage accumulation and cellular localization of arginase and cytokines; expression of arginase and cytokines was analyzed by qRT-PCR or immunoblotting or ELISA; activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in adipose tissues was analyzed by immunoblotting; and arginase activity was measured by colorimetric determination of urea production. Results: In the old WT mice, there is more macrophage accumulation in the visceral adipose tissues than in Arg-II knockout animals. An age-associated increase in arginase activity and Arg-II expression in adipose tissues of WT mice is observed. Arg-II knockout enhances Arg-I expression and activity, but inhibits interleukin (IL)-6 expression and secretion and reduces active p38mapk in aging adipose tissue macrophages and stromal cells. Treatment of aging adipose tissues of WT mice with a specific p38mapk inhibitor SB203580 reduces IL-6 secretion. Conclusions: Arg-II promotes IL-6 production in aging adipose tissues through p38mapk. The results suggest that targeting Arg-II or inhibiting p38mapk could be beneficial in reducing age-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
Extracorporeal Blood Purification and Organ Support in the Critically Ill Patient during COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Review and Recommendation
Authors: Ronco Claudio , Bagshaw Sean M. , Bellomo Rinaldo , Clark William R. , Husain-Syed Faeq , Kellum John A. , Ricci Zaccaria , Rimmelé Thomas , Reis Thiago , Ostermann Marlies
Published: May 2020

Critically ill COVID-19 patients are generally admitted to the ICU for respiratory insufficiency which can evolve into a multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome requiring extracorporeal organ support. Ongoing advances in technology and science and progress in information technology support the development of integrated multi-organ support platforms for personalized treatment according to the changing needs of the patient. Based on pathophysiological derangements observed in COVID-19 patients, a rationale emerges for sequential extracorporeal therapies designed to remove inflammatory mediators and support different organ systems. In the absence of vaccines or direct therapy for COVID-19, extracorporeal therapies could represent an option to prevent organ failure and improve survival. The enormous demand in care for COVID-19 patients requires an immediate response from the scientific community. Thus, a detailed review of the available technology is provided by experts followed by a series of recommendation based on current experience and opinions, while waiting for generation of robust evidence from trials.
Relationship between Aflibercept Efficacy and Genetic Variants of Genes Associated with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The BIOIMAGE Trial
Authors: Burés Jelstrup Anniken , Pomares Esther , Navarro Rafael ,   on behalf of the BIOIMAGE Study Group
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To identify the genetic variants of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway genes and other genes associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) as possible predictive biomarkers of a favorable treatment response to aflibercept. Design: A 52-week (with extension phase: 104-week), prospective, open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase IV trial was conducted in Spain. Participants: Patients with nAMD were enrolled. Methods: Aflibercept was administered every 8 weeks until week 48 (after 1-monthly loading doses over 3 months). After week 48, the interval between visits for aflibercept administration was extended by 2 weeks per visit to a maximum of 12 weeks if no evidence of disease activity was observed. A total of 338 SNPs in 90 genes associated with nAMD were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: Efficacy was evaluated mainly with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and adverse events (AEs) were reported. Treatment efficacy was defined as an increase in BCVA ≥15 letters versus the baseline visit. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to associate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and treatment efficacy. Results: 194 nonconsecutive patients were enrolled, 170 completed the 52-week follow-up, and of the 85 patients who started the extension phase, 77 completed this phase. Mean BCVA increased from baseline to weeks 52 and 104 by 9 and 10 letters (p = 0.0001 for both), respectively. The percentages of patients gaining ≥15 letters in weeks 52 and 104 were 33 and 31%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant associations of 6 SNPs (in 6 genes) with treatment efficacy: rs12366035 (VEGFB; TT; odds ratio [OR] 217), rs25681 (C5; AA/AG; OR 19.7/8.3), rs17793056 (CX3CR1; CT/CC; OR 8.1/6.2), rs1800775 (CETP; CC; OR 6.6), rs2069845 (IL6; GG/AA; OR 5.6/3.3), and rs13900 (CCL2; CT; OR 4.0). One percent of the patients reported arteriothrombolic events related to aflibercept (cerebrovascular accident) according to the Antiplatelet Trialist Collaboration, and 2% reported serious ocular (retinal pigment epithelial tear, retinal tear, and endophthalmitis) and systemic (cardiac failure, hypersensitivity, and transient ischemic attack) AEs related to aflibercept. Conclusions: Results suggest strong pharmacogenetic associations between one genetic variant of VEGFB (TT, rs12366035) and C5 (AA, rs12366035) genes and the BCVA response after 52-week aflibercept treatment in patients with nAMD. Likewise, the results support the efficacy of aflibercept observed in phase III studies and a good safety profile.
Successful Cataract Surgery Leads to an Improvement in Depressive Symptomatology
Authors: Mylona Ioanna , Aletras Vassilis , Ziakas Nikolaos , Tsinopoulos Ioannis
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Cataract is the most common reversible cause of blindness worldwide, and the associated vision impairment has been associated with an adverse impact on health-related quality of life and mental health in particular. However, findings from studies on the mental health improvement of patients after cataract surgery remain inconclusive. The objective of this study is to ascertain whether the outcome on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) following cataract surgery is associated with depressive symptomatology. Methods: This is an observational prospective study of a cohort of 150 consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery and who were evaluated for changes in depressive symptomatology with Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results: The difference in BDI-II scores pre- and postoperatively correlated with the difference in BCVA pre- and postoperatively (p < 0.001). A paired-samples t test revealed a statistically significant difference in the preoperative and postoperative BDI-II scores (p < 0.001). A related-samples Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a statistically significant improvement of depression status among the patients (p = 0.004). A stepwise regression analysis concluded that the only statistically significant predictor in assessing the difference in total BDI-II score before and after the operation was the respective difference in visual acuity. Discussion/Conclusion: The success of phacoemulsification surgery for cataract as evaluated with the change in BCVA is related to the rate of improvement in depressive symptomatology.
Occurrence of Fulgoraecia (= Epiricania) melanoleuca (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae) as a parasitoid of sugarcane lophopid planthopper Pyrilla perpusilla in Tamil Nadu (India) with brief notes on its life stages
Authors: H. Sankararaman  , G. Naveenadevi  , S. Manickavasagam
Published: May 2020

Seasonal incidence of sugarcane planthopper Pyrilla perpusilla Walker (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) and its natural enemies was investigated at Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu during 2018.  In this study, Fulgoraecia melanoleuca, a parasitoid of sugarcane planthopper Pyrilla perpusilla was observed in large numbers in the field.  Brief notes on its biology, life stages, and extent of parasitism on the host were studied.  Per cent parasitization in nymph and adult was 47.54 and 45.09, respectively, during the month of August.  High resolution images of all life stages are provided to help in identification.
Species in peril: assessing the status of the trade in pangolins in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Prayash , Raut Nirjala , Khanal Prajna , Acharya Suman , Upadhaya Suraj
Published: May 2020

Pangolins are among the most widely traded taxa in the southeastern Asian illegal wildlife trade because of which they are at great risk of extinction.  Yet, little is known of their trade status in Nepal.  This research was carried out to unfold the status of pangolin trade in Sankhuwasava District of Nepal.  We used mixed methods such as semi-structured questionnaire (n=75) and, focus group discussion (n=4) and key Informant Interview, (n=30) to assess the trade status.  Seizure data (2009–2017) were gathered from law enforcement agencies to predict major trade routes.  The major threat perceived was hunting especially by unemployed local youth and children.  The majority of hunters were opportunistic.  Sankhuwasava District has become both source and transit for the illegal pangolin trade rather than for local use.  The involvement of non-timber forest product traders was high in the illegal trade business, however, there seems a rapid decline in the seizure of pangolin in the last two years, mainly because of the deployment of the Nepal army in the Makalu Barun National Park, which had long served as a major route to China.  Thus, we recommend continuation of strong border security.  Our study calls for capacity building of enforcement agencies for detailed investigation of seizure data.  For sustainable conservation of pangolin and its habitat we recommend sustained conservation awareness programs in addition to alternative livelihood opportunity.  Furthermore, formation of community based anti-poaching units followed by motivation, anti-poaching trainings, security assurance, and incentives for worthy conservation outcomes in pangolin-rich communities might aid in conservation.
Role of Spirituality on the Association Between Depression and Quality of Life in Stroke Survivor–Care Partner Dyads
Authors: Pucciarelli Gianluca , Vellone Ercole , Bolgeo Tatiana , Simeone Silvio , Alvaro Rosaria , Lee Christopher S. , Lyons Karen S.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Little is known about the protective effect of spirituality on the association between known risk factors such as depression and quality of life (QOL) in stroke survivor-care partner dyads. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the moderating role of spirituality on the association between depressive symptomatology and QOL in stroke survivor–care partner dyads.

Methods and Results:

Longitudinal design with 223 stroke survivor–care partner dyads enrolled at survivor discharge from rehabilitation hospitals. Data collection was performed over 12 months. We measured survivors’ and care partners’ depression, quality of life, and spirituality. Examining the moderating role of spirituality on the association between depressive symptoms and QOL within survivor-care partner dyads, we used a traditional Actor-Partner-Interdependence Model and a basic Actor-Partner-Interdependence Model moderation model for a mixed variable. Survivors (51% male) and care partners (66% female) were 70.7 and 52.3 years old, respectively. The survivor’s spirituality significantly moderated the association between care partner depressive symptomatology and survivor psychological QOL (B=0.03,
P
<0.05) and moderated the association between care partner depressive symptoms and care partner physical (B=0.05,
P
<0.001) and psychological (B=0.04,
P
<0.001) QOL. The care partner’s own level of spirituality was significantly positively associated with their physical QOL (B=0.28,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

The findings from this study have broad implications for the role of spirituality in relation to QOL in medical-health contexts and the importance of examining such concepts within a dyadic framework. Greater awareness of the importance of spirituality among clinicians and nurses may improve cultural competence in healthcare services.
Regional Assimilation System for Transformed Retrievals from Satellite High-Resolution Infrared Data
Authors: Antonelli Paolo , Cherubini Tiziana , Businger Steven , de Haan Siebren , Scaccia Paolo , Moncet Jean-Luc
Published: May 2020

Satellite retrievals strive to exploit the information contained in thousands of channels provided by hyperspectral sensors and show promise in providing a gain in computational efficiency over current radiance assimilation methods by transferring computationally expensive radiative transfer calculations to retrieval providers. This paper describes the implementation of a new approach based on the transformation proposed in 2008 by Migliorini et al., which reduces the impact of the a priori information in the retrievals and generates transformed retrievals (TRs) whose assimilation does not require knowledge of the hyperspectral instruments characteristics. Significantly, the results confirm both the viability of Migliorini’s approach and the possibility of assimilating data from different hyperspectral satellite sensors regardless of the instrument characteristics. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model’s Data Assimilation (WRFDA) 3-h cycling system was tested over the central North Pacific Ocean, and the results show that the assimilation of TRs has a greater impact in the characterization of the water vapor distribution than on the temperature field. These results are consistent with the knowledge that temperature field is well constrained by the initial and boundary conditions of the Global Forecast System (GFS), whereas the water vapor distribution is less well constrained in the GFS. While some preliminary results on the comparison between the assimilation with and without TRs in the forecasting system are presented in this paper, additional work remains to explore the impact of the new assimilation approach on forecasts and will be provided in a follow-up publication.
The Spillover Effect of Recreational Marijuana Legalization on Crime: Evidence From Neighboring States of Colorado and Washington State
Authors: Wu Guangzhen , Boateng Francis D. , Lang Xiaodong
Published: May 2020

An ongoing debate exists about the implications of recreational marijuana legalization to public safety. One important public concern is how recreational marijuana legalization may affect crime in neighboring states that have not legalized. Based on Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data from 2003 to 2017, this study used difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to examine the potential spillover effect of recreational marijuana legalization in Colorado and Washington State, with a special focus on the examination of the changes in the rates of a variety of crimes in the border counties of neighboring states relative to the nonborder counties in these states following Colorado’s and Washington’s legalization. Results provide some evidence suggesting a spillover crime reduction effect of legalization, as reflected by the significant decreases in the rates of property crime, larceny, and simple assault in the Colorado region that includes six neighboring states. Results also suggest that the effects of marijuana legalization on crime in neighboring states vary based on crime type and state.
The Complex Nature of Youth Aggression: Relations Between Cognition, Discrimination, and Peer Perceptions of Bullying Involvement
Authors: Mulvey Kelly Lynn , Gönültaş Seçil , Hope Elan C. , Hoffman Adam J. , DiStefano Christine , Irvin Matthew J. , Carlson Ryan
Published: May 2020

Youth victimization and aggression are common in adolescents’ everday lives. This study examines relations between youth cognition and reasoning around bullying and possible responses to bullying, peer nominations related to youth roles in the bullying ecology and self-report experiences of perceived racial discrimination using latent class analyses. Participants included 6th ( n = 423) and 9th ( n = 392) grade adolescents in the United States (49.1% female). Five distinct classes emerged: Typical, Uninvolved, Challengers, Experiences Discrimination, and Experiences Discrimination and Involved. Furthermore, participants in these classes reasoned about the acceptability of youth aggression and about their likelihood of different responses to youth aggression in distinct ways. Findings document that the Challengers class was most likely to judge the aggression as wrong and the least likely to indicate that they would not respond if they observed aggression. Furthermore, both classes of youth who reported experiencing discrimination judged the aggression as more acceptable.
Vision, Voice, and Technology: Is There a Global “Open Government” Trend?
Authors: Schnell Sabina
Published: May 2020

The article examines changes in the meaning and practice of government openness around the world and identifies three trends. First, the technological meaning of openness is increasingly supplanting rights-based interpretations. Second, although more countries are joining global openness initiatives, on average, governments are not becoming more transparent about their budgets or their data. Third, although more governments are using online tools to inform and consult citizens, space for civil society is shrinking. The article concludes that technological tools for openness are not by themselves sufficient for ensuring systemic government openness to genuine societal inputs.