bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of disease progression in children with nephrotic syndrome using atherogenic indicators
Authors: Salman Ahmed D. , Hameed Rana M. , Odda Atheer H.
Published: December 2024

Background

The nephrotic syndrome (NS) raises the risk of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction was measured and linked with dyslipidemia and inflammatory markers in individuals with nephrotic syndrome. LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and fibrinogen are the most critical variables implicated in endothelial dysfunction in the nephrotic syndrome.

Objective

The study’s goal was to evaluate atherogenic indicators as markers that can be utilized to determine both atherogenic potential and cardio metabolic health.

Materials and methods

This study was designed as a case-control study, A total of 52 participants age range (9-12) year with nephrotic syndrome.

Sample collection

Collected from Kerbala pediatric teaching hospital, Iraq. Serum lipid panel (Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG), renal function test (blood urea and creatinine) albumin in serum and urine were all measured for the study groups.

Results and conclusion

The results of the study showed a massive increasing in the mean levels of the atherogenic indices in (NS) patients compared to the control group. Diagnostic thresholds point of the atherogenic indices were indicated that most of the measured indices shown a highly sensitivity and specificity toward the lipid complication in (NS) case. In our point of view, theses indices provided novel clues on the atherogenic mechanisms in such cases, which might reflect the inflammatory signals more effectively than lipid panel.
Nutrition Paradox: Severe Acute Malnutrition Amidst the Proliferation of Processed Foods in Bilaspur’s Tribal Region in Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: D’Souza Kimberley , Ramesh Naveen
Published: December 2024

Despite India’s overall economic growth and targeted antimalnutrition efforts, certain districts in Chhattisgarh, exhibit high severe acute malnutrition (SAM) rates, at 17.4% in 2022 per NFHS-5 data. We retrospectively studied four SAM-affected children, finding common factors: maternal malnutrition, poverty, recurrent infections, poor child-rearing knowledge, inadequate birth spacing, and the use and dependence on processed foods. The prevalence of these foods alongside declining traditional feeding practices highlights a “Nutrition Paradox.”
Microbial Assessment of Drinking Water Sources in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Thakur Sidharath Dev , Panda Ashok Kumar , Diwan Vaneet , Kumar Pravesh , Singh Madhumeet , Sharma Dinesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards recommend zero tolerance for coliforms in drinking water. A total of 592 drinking sources from 11 districts of Himachal Pradesh, India, were screened for coliform contamination and the presence of fecal origin Escherichia coli. The study revealed contamination levels of 55.6% and 9.6% for coliforms and fecal E. coli, respectively. The coliform contamination levels were significantly higher for natural water sources (67.1%) and public water supplies (59.7%) compared to groundwater sources (31.5%). The presence of fecal-origin E. coli was highest (11.6%) in public supplies, followed by natural (9.9%) and groundwater (4.7%) sources.
Unhindered Access to Hospital Buildings: A Neglected Domain
Authors: Sodhi Jitender , Arora Pankaj
Published: December 2024

Globally, 15% of the population suffers from disability. However, the percentage of people visiting hospitals who may be suffering from some form of disability may be higher. It may cause difficulty in accessing the health-care facilities. Universal design features help assimilate persons with disabilities with the mainstream. Patients on trolleys in hospitals jostling with vehicular traffic are a common sight. The lack of functional, dedicated, and encumbrance-free sidewalks for the movement of trolleys is a hindrance. We wish to highlight this aspect, suggest some remedial measures, and initiate a conversation among the health-care planners through this article.
Family-centered Health Education Intervention for Improving Iron−folic Acid Adherence and Anemia Reduction among Antenatal Mothers in Rural Jodhpur: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Singh Gyanendra , Ranjitha R. , Baskaran Pritish , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Dileepan S. , Choudhary Yachana , Rehana V. R. , Raghav Pankaja Ravi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Anemia is one of the global public health concerns. Despite the availability of effective treatment options, reducing its prevalence remains challenging.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to investigate family-centered health education intervention in improving iron − folic acid adherence and anemia status, knowledge, attitude, and practices.

Materials and Methods:

A quasi-experimental community interventional trial was conducted. Employing a multistage cluster-randomized sampling technique, intervention and control areas were identified. All pregnant women of gestational age 14–16 weeks with mild and moderate anemia were included and interviewed along with hemoglobin and ferritin estimation.

Results:

Change in adherence, knowledge, attitude, practice, and anemia status was assessed after the follow-up period for both groups. The results revealed significant improvements in knowledge, attitude, practice, adherence to iron supplements, and anemia status within the intervention group. The participants with moderate anemia decreased from an initial value of 38.66% to 7.25%, whereas mild anemia reduced from 61.33% to 21.74%. Moreover, the mean hemoglobin level showed a significant difference from 9.8 ± 1.3 g/dL at baseline to 10.8 ± 0.5 g/dL at the end line, whereas the serum ferritin level increased from 12.5 ± 8.7 μg/dL to 19.0 ± 7.6 μg/dL. The difference-in-difference analysis revealed 0.78 g/dL hemoglobin and 4.72 μg/dL ferritin improvement in the intervention group is due to family-centered health education.

Conclusion:

Family-centered health education in multiple modes of intervention improved the adherence to iron supplements and anemia status and increased the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the same, among pregnant women along with their family members.
Utilization of Institutional Maternal Delivery and Associated Factors among Rural Women: A Case Study of High Priority District of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Kaur Mandeep
Published: December 2024

Background:

Utilization of institutional maternal delivery is the cornerstone for the health of both mother and child which provides essential emergency care and reduces the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality. The aim of the current study is to analyze the perceptions of pregnant women regarding the place of maternal delivery in Lahaul and Spiti.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-section study was conducted among 410 pregnant women in remote district of Himachal Pradesh. Data collection was done by multistage random sampling through an interview method using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, and logistic regression were applied to find out the outcomes.

Results:

Out of 410 study participants, 230 women had perception for utilizing the institutional maternal delivery and 180 had perception to utilize home delivery. More than 80% of women who preferred institutional birth had high severity for medical complications and preterm birth threat. The women who attended more than 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits had 2.86 more chances to go for hospital birth (confidence interval [CI] = 0.41–4.23, P < 0.05). The odds of women who believed in high perceived threat in home delivery had 1.99 more chances to go for institutional maternal delivery.

Conclusion:

The study highlights that public maternal health policies in the remote areas are to increase the proportion of utilization of institutional maternal deliveries. The policy imperative for remote villages requires to upgrade the weak health infrastructure and boost ANC and transportation facilities for better implementation of government maternity healthcare schemes.
Microvascular Free Flaps for Reconstruction of Postmucormycosis Head-and-Neck Defects: Experience in a Tertiary Care Institute
Authors: Kundal Ashikesh , Sharma Amit
Published: December 2024

Mucormycosis or black fungus raised to infamy during the COVID-19 epidemic all over the world with disastrous consequences including death. Those who survived were left with complex deformities mostly involving the head-and-neck region. We through this article would like to present our experience of management of head-and-neck defects in patients of mucormycosis both in acute and delayed presentations using microvascular free flap reconstruction.
Prevalence of Internet-based Self-medical Diagnosis among Indian Nonmedical Undergraduate Students: An Observational Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Pandey Jayati , Deo Priya Nimish , Deshmukh Revati Shailesh , Shinde Siddharth , Bhosale Veera
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Self-medical diagnosis using the Internet has become a common practice. Increasing use of technology and readily available health-related information on the Internet is a major reason for this practice. Self-medical diagnosis can have some advantages as well as disadvantages.

Aim:

To study the status, prevalence, and need of Internet usage for self-medical diagnosis among nonmedical undergraduate students and if gender, residency, and year of the study affect it.

Methodology:

After ethical clearance, an e-form with 12 closed-ended questions designed on Google Forms was randomly circulated to nonmedical Indian undergraduate students. The 986 responses gained over 3 months were tabulated and statistically analyzed using the SPSS statistical software 23.0 Version and Chi-square test.

Results:

The study revealed that convenience, accessibility, and a desire for immediate answers were key factors driving individuals to engage in Internet-based self-medical diagnosis. There was no statistically significant difference in gender, type of residency, and year of the study to any of the questions regarding the role of Internet in self-medical diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Participants acknowledged the presence of misinformation, conflicting advice, and difficulty in accurately interpreting medical information online. The risk of misdiagnosis, heightened anxiety, and inappropriate self-treatment emerged as noteworthy concerns, emphasizing the need for cautious engagement and the importance of seeking professional medical guidance to enable a more balanced approach.
Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Four Endodontic Sealers: An In vitro Study
Authors: Joshi Sourabh Ramesh , Sruthi S. , Mopagar Viddyasagar Prabhakar , Padmawar Neeta Surendra , Pendyala Gowri Swaminatham
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Three-dimensional filling of the root canal system is widely recognized as crucial for the success of endodontic treatment, the main reason for endodontic failure persists as microleakage that happens between the filling material in the root canal and the walls of the canal. A significant factor contributing to microleakage subsequent to endodontic procedures is the leakage of blood from the apex of the tooth. Therefore, it is imperative to provide a good apical seal to prevent reinfection by spread of microbial toxins. Root canal sealers combined with core obturating material are aimed to create a fluid tight apical seal.

Aim:

To evaluate the sealing ability of MTA Fillapex, CeraSeal, CeraSeal-B and AH Plus.

Objectives:

To evaluate and compare the sealing ability of MTA Fillapex, CeraSeal, CeraSeal-B and AH Plus.

Material and Methods:

Sixty freshly extracted single rooted sound human teeth were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The samples were divided by simple random sampling method into 4 groups with 15 teeth in each group namely Group A: MTA Fillapex, Group B: CeraSeal, Group C: CeraSeal B, Group D: AH Plus. The teeth sealed with respective sealers were obturated using thermoplasticized gutta percha technique. The samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity to assure the setting of the sealer. The samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 7 days. The linear measurement of dye penetration from the root apex to the greatest coronal extent was evaluated under stereomicroscope at 20 X magnification.

Results:

After complete statistical evaluation, it was inferred that the intergroup comparison showed MTA Fillapex, CeraSeal, AH Plus to have statistically non-significant mean difference (p>0.05). Cera Seal B had highest mean dye penetration (2.59 ± 1.11) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Maximum dye penetration was seen in CeraSeal B, showing it had the lowest sealing ability. that CeraSeal had slightly higher sealing ability as compared to AH Plus and MTA Fillapex, although their difference was statistically non-significant.
Exploring Serum Ceruloplasmin Dynamics in Stage II Periodontitis: Pre- and PostPhase I Therapy Assessment
Authors: Priyangha P. T , Kshirsagar Jaishree Tukaram , Kalaiselvan D
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of ceruloplasmin (CP) in serum before and after Phase I periodontal therapy in patients with Stage II periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

Forty subjects were divided into periodontally healthy subjects (n = 20) and Stage II periodontitis patients (n = 20). Serum CP levels were assessed and compared with clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level) before and after Phase-I therapy. Serum CP was measured using the immunoturbidometric method. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.0, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. The independent t-test compared periodontally healthy and Stage II periodontitis patients.

Results:

Significant reductions were noted in all clinical parameters and serum CP levels. The baseline mean serum CP was 26.03 ± 4.371, decreasing to 22.85 ± 3.971 after 3 months of Phase I therapy. The mean difference in serum CP from baseline to 3 months was 3.185 ± 1.16 (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

Periodontal inflammation may elevate serum CP levels and clinical parameter values in Stage II periodontitis patients. Phase I therapy effectively decreased serum CP levels and improved clinical parameters, suggesting its potential in managing periodontal disease.
Biomedical Waste Management: A Study on the Awareness and Practice among Dental Healthcare Workers in India
Authors: Mahajan Ankit , Pawar Madhura , Patil Amol Namdeorao , Behera Sumitra , Pattnaik Samarjeet J. , Rajguru Jagadish Prasad
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Biomedical waste includes waste products generated from medical procedures within healthcare centers, research facilities, diagnostic laboratories, and treatment procedures, immunization process of humans as well as animals from the production and testing of biological substances. Management and disposal of biomedical waste should be done using safe as well as proper methods. These methods should be known as well as practiced by all healthcare professionals for reducing transmission of different infections and prevention of different types of health as well as environment-associated hazards.

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to analyze knowledge, awareness, and practice of the management of generated biomedical waste among dental undergraduate students in India.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 450 dental undergraduate students after obtaining the institutional ethical committee clearance. The questionnaire included details of sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, religion, and caste), knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding handling as well as management of biomedical waste in healthcare settings. Data collection was done for a period of 1 month.

Results and Observations:

On assessing knowledge regarding the generation of biomedical waste along with legislation, it was observed that only 10.19% of dentistry students had an excellent level of knowledge regarding generation as well as legislation concerned with biomedical waste, whereas only 2.03% of undergraduate dental students possessed an extremely poor level of knowledge. On analyzing awareness concerning practices of waste regulation and management, it was observed that only 6% of dental undergraduate students had “excellent” level of knowledge concerning the practice of biomedical waste management. On analyzing the attitude of dental students toward the management of biomedical, it was observed that 29.1% possessed a poor attitude regarding the issue of proper biomedical waste management.

Conclusion:

In the present study, it was observed that the majority of dental students pursuing undergraduate courses did not have adequate knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding the practice of adequate biomedical waste management and disposal.
Evaluation of Effect of Herbal Irrigant on Microhardness of Root Dentin: An in vitro Study
Authors: Koparde Anuya Ravindra , Sharma Anupam Sandeep , Jadhav Aniket , Handa Aishwarya , Jadhav Abhijit Bajirao , Jadhav Madhura A.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

This study evaluated the effect of an herbal irrigant (6.5% grape seed extract [GSE] solution) on the microhardness of root dentin, which is treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (commonly used endodontic irrigants). Proanthocyanidin, a naturally occurring collagen cross-linking agent (found in GSE), was tested for its impact on root dentin.

Materials and Methods:

A double-ended cutting diamond disc was used to decoronate 8 extracted single-rooted, single-canal premolars. Then, they were divided longitudinally into buccal and lingual segments to create 16 samples, which were implanted in acrylic resin so that each sample’s inner dentin surface was visible. Samples were submerged in 5.25% NaOCl for 2 min, after which they were submerged in 17% EDTA solution for 2 min. The samples were split into two groups at random. Samples from Group 1 were treated with 6.5% GSE solution for 2 min. Samples in Group 2 were submerged in distilled water for 2 min (control group). Vickers microhardness unit was used to test samples for microhardness. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Unpaired t-test was used to compare groups.

Results:

Group 1 microhardness score ranged from 79 to 94, whereas Group 2 ranged from 34 to 59. A statistically significant result was obtained between the microhardness in both the groups.

Conclusion:

The results of the intergroup comparison showed that 6.5% of GSE solution increased the microhardness values of root dentin that had been treated with standard endodontic irrigants.
Utility of surface landmark technique in providing optimal intratracheal endotracheal tube placement during orotracheal intubation
Authors: Mittal Amit K. , Patel Anil K. , Dubey Jitendra , Shukla Seema , Bhasin Nikhil , Bhardwaj Manoj
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Optimal endotracheal tube (ETT) placement in patients with short tracheas by the existing techniques is challenging because of the fixed intratracheal ETT length of insertion. However, in the surface landmark technique (SLT), the individual’s tracheal length (distance between mid-thyroid and manubrium–sternum) was estimated and 3 cm was deducted from it to obtain the desired intratracheal ETT length of insertion. Being a new technique, its reliability in providing optimal placement is yet to be evaluated. Hence, to assess the utility and reliability of SLT in achieving optimal placement, this study was planned.

Material and Methods:

In this prospective study, 406 participants were equally randomized between SLT and intubation guide mark (IGM) groups for ETT placement. In both groups, ETT tip–carina distance (DTC) was measured to assess optimal placements. The placements were compared by paired t-test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess optimal ETT placement between techniques.

Results:

The mean DTC in the SLT (3.52 ± 0.68 cm) group was significantly higher than in the IGM (2.23 ± 1.01 cm) group, with P < 0.0001. Consequently, optimal placements were significantly higher in the SLT group (190 [95%]) compared to the IGM (121 [60.5%]) group (P < 0.0001). On ROC, at a cut-off value for DTC of 1.5 cm, the observed area under the curve to assess optimal ETT placements was significantly better in SLT (0.997, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.997–1.000) compared to IGM (0.968, 95% CI 0.933–0.988), with P < 0.0001.

Conclusion:

Based on the measurement of an individual’s tracheal length, SLT is a reliable and useful technique to achieve optimal tube placement.
A comparative analysis to find out the preferred and effective way to identify new Indian currency note by blind individual: A Pilot study
Authors: Biswas Vishal , Choudhury Monira Sirajum , Majumder Roshni
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to find out the preferred, accurate, and effective way to identify the new Indian currency note by a blind individual.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases among 30 subjects in a school for the blind. In phase 1, comparison was done in terms of accuracy and the time taken to identify the Indian currency between the old and new currency notes by using the tactile method by the blind individuals. In phase 2, comparison was done same as phase 1, with the addition of two more note identification methods, one was by using Mani note identifier application via smart phone and the other was Notex. The accuracy and time were analyzed and compared for all three used methods for both phases.

Results:

Thirty blind individuals were included in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 29.43 years (±10.88 years) and the age range was 18–54 years. The total time taken to identify all the currency notes in each category was recorded in seconds. The average time taken with the help of tactile sense was 75.34 s, but the accuracy here was very poor, even many currencies went unidentified. The average time taken with the help of Notex was 136.54 s. The average time taken with the help of Mani mobile note identifier software was 774.07 s.

Conclusion:

Notex was the most effective method of identifying Indian currency as compared to the other two methods that were used in our study.
Mydriatic efficacy of topical phenylephrine and tropicamide combination vs tropicamide in screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) – An RCT
Authors: Andrews Camina , Karat Shubashree , Padua Winston , Nesargi Saudamini V , Nithyanandam Suneetha , Butola Shalini
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Screening for ROP and its severity require optimum pupillary dilatation. Mydriatics that allow good dilatation often have systemic side effects. Topical tropicamide is considered safest but does not dilate pupils optimally. A combination of phenylephrine and tropicamide is a good mydriatic but has adverse effects. The study aims to compare the mydriatic efficacy of phenylephrine (P 2.5%) plus tropicamide (T 0.4%) versus tropicamide (T 1%) alone for ROP screening.

Methods:

Preterm neonates due for ROP screening were randomized to one of the two groups. One drop was instilled in the eye thrice every 15 mins. Pupillary diameter was recorded as a primary outcome measure using the Schirmer’s strip at baseline, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after drop instillation. Oxygen saturation, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured at similar intervals. Adverse effects like apneas, vomiting, and feed intolerance were documented. Ophthalmologist comments on the visibility of different retinal zones were also recorded. Data were analyzed by t-test and Chi-square test as appropriate.

Results:

Fifty-four preterm babies were included (27 in each group). The birth weight (1130 ± 300g, 1220 ± 460 g) and gestation (34.40 ± 2.26 and 34.74 ± 3.24) weeks were similar in both groups. The pupillary size after 45 minutes in group 1 (7.56 ± 1.12 mm) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than that of group 2 (5.92 ± 0.90 mm). The visibility of retinal zones was better in group 1 compared to group 2, which was statistically significant (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in saturation, heart rate, and respiratory rate at 30 mins and 45 mins.

Conclusion:

A combination of phenylephrine and tropicamide is a more effective mydriatic with no increase in adverse effects.
Epithelioid Angiosarcoma Mimicking Pancoast’s Tumor: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Waghray Kunal , Subramaniam Sobha , Raj Amal , Nair Indu Ramachandran
Published: December 2024

Epithelioid angiosarcoma (EA) is an uncommon malignant neoplasm. It is documented that this condition affects several organs and tissues, such as the kidney, spleen, skin, soft tissues, bones, and breast. Instances of mediastinal involvement are exceedingly uncommon. This case report presents a 61-year-old male, who is a current smoker, with EA in the neck with extension to the mediastinum. The patient experienced right-sided neck pain, hoarseness of voice, cough, shortness of breath, and loss of appetite. The chest X-ray revealed the presence of an opacity in the right upper zone. The clinical and radiological features indicated a Pancoast’s tumor. A computed tomography scan of the chest and neck showed a soft-tissue mass in the neck. The mass extends from the neck into the upper part of the chest. An excision biopsy was done under general anesthesia, indicating the presence of a poorly differentiated tumor. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the tumor cells exhibited positivity for CD31. The patient’s diagnosis of EA was determined through analysis of histological, morphological, and immunohistochemical results. Thereafter, the patient was directed to the medical oncology department for treatment. This case demonstrates that EA located in the superior mediastinum has the potential to imitate a Pancoast’s tumor.
Magnesium sulfate ameliorates nicotine withdrawal–induced anxiety and depression: implications for regenerative psychiatry
Authors: Haidary Murtaza , Nazari Mohammad Jalal , Wasiq Sayed Mohammad Jawad , Amiri Mohammad Edris , Ghazanfar Khan Baba
Published: December 2024

Nicotine withdrawal precipitates anxiety- and depression-like behaviors associated with disruptions in neurotransmitter systems, alterations in glial and neurotrophic factors, and heightened oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) on nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety and depression in rats as well as its implications for regenerative psychiatry. These findings indicated that MgSO₄ administration effectively attenuated anxiety and depression-like behaviors induced by nicotine withdrawal in the rat model. The beneficial effects of MgSO₄ were accompanied by the modulation of cortical serotonin metabolism, a reduction in monoamine oxidase A activity, the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the downregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the amelioration of oxidative stress in rats with nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Therefore, MgSO₄ can ameliorate the detrimental effects induced by nicotine withdrawal at the cellular and behavioral levels and has certain implications in regenerative psychiatry, paving the way for its therapeutic application in substance abuse-related diseases.
The potential role of phenytoin in myelin restoration in the postnatal brain: a narrative review
Authors: Gonzalez-Perez Oscar , Zavalza-Galvez Yuliza , Galvez-Contreras Alma Y. , Gonzalez-Castaneda Rocio E.
Published: December 2024

Phenytoin, an inhibitor of SCN5A and SCN1A, is used in the treatment of epilepsy, seizures, temporal lobe epilepsy, and tonic-clonic seizures. Recently, phenytoin emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for enhancing myelin repair and neuroprotection in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. This review delves into the multifaceted mechanisms by which phenytoin contributes to neural regeneration. Beyond its traditional role in stabilizing neuronal membranes through sodium channel inhibition, phenytoin has been proven to stimulate cell proliferation by modulating growth factor pathways, particularly those involving epidermal growth factor receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor. Studies that mimic some aspects of multiple sclerosis using the cuprizone-induced demyelination model have demonstrated that phenytoin significantly enhances myelin repair, evidenced by increased myelin basic protein expression and an expansion in the population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Furthermore, the influence of phenytoin on glial cell activity, particularly reducing astrocytes and potentially modulating microglial responses, suggests a complex interplay between phenytoin and the neuroimmune environment that contributes to a more conducive environment for myelin repair. Thus, phenytoin is emerging as a promising new avenue for managing demyelination and its associated neurological dysfunction. However, additional clinical trials are essential to validate the efficacy and safety of phenytoin in human demyelinating diseases and neural repair processes.
Preauricular sinus: A narrative review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: December 2024

The preauricular sinus (PAS) is a common congenital malformation seen in the pediatric age. The PAS is often located at the anterior margin of the ascending limb of the helix. Most of the patients with PAS are asymptomatic. If the PAS is infected, the patient presents with painful swelling and foul odor discharge from the pit. A sinus pit near to anterior margin of the ascending limb of the helix is highly suggestive of the diagnosis. Proper history taking and head-and-neck examination are mandatory in all cases of PAS to rule out any association of anomalies. A thorough otologic examination is needed to differentiate PAS and preauricular cysts from first branchial cleft anomalies. No treatment is needed in case of isolated and asymptomatic PAS. Treatment of the infected PAS is usually challenging and often patients present with acute inflammation or abscess formation. When the surgery is indicated, complete excision is needed to prevent recurrence. Failure to remove the tract of PAS completely will lead to recurrence and require more difficult revision surgery. This review article aims to discuss the details of the epidemiology, etiopathology, variants, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and current surgical treatment of the PAS.
Red cell compatibility testing
Authors: Sinha Pratul , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh
Published: December 2024

The term compatibility is used for the entire range of pretransfusion testing, including recipient identification, sample collection and handling, the selection of appropriate blood units, and the crossmatch. Crossmatching has come a long way from a simple slide or tile method by James Ewing in the early 19th century to the current automated technologies, including solid phase or no touch, to the virtual crossmatch by electronic methods. Each of them has its advantages and limitations. The center adopting them should weigh each of them as per requirement, type of patient catered to, logistics, and affordability to choose the most appropriate method for their facility. Genotyping by molecular methods, including sequencing, has paved the way for mass phenotyping and making provisions for the supply of phenotype-matched blood for relevant patients. Some modifications in the strategies need to be adopted while performing these tests in special populations like neonates with autoimmune conditions and patients requiring massive transfusion. The urgency of the requirement for blood transfusion and the time available for performing these tests also needs to be considered.
Insights on artificial intelligence in periodontal disease diagnosis, management, implant therapy, and reinforcing periodontal health: Short comings, concerns, and ethical quandaries
Authors: Jebin A. Aysha , Prabhuji M. L. V. , Varghese M. Swaroop
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer technology that is becoming increasingly popular worldwide as a high-impact, game-changing innovation, where machines can imitate human actions. AI in the healthcare system is evolving in dentistry. The primary uses of AI in dentistry include: diagnosis and treatment, patient management, prognosis prediction using key feature mathematical model building computer and administrative activities. AI is a life-saving technology for oral healthcare professionals, particularly in the fields of dental implants and periodontology. Therefore, we have a positive view on the development of machine learning for the reduction of medical errors, better patient care, and optimization of clinical decision making in implantology. This review summarizes the characteristics of the AI model, its clinical use in periodontology and implant therapy, its drawbacks and ethical concerns, and its future perspectives.
A cross-sectional study to evaluate the conjunctival bacterial flora in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Ranjan Somesh , Aggarwal Sarita , Sinha Aditi , Bhatnagar Nupur
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the conjunctival bacterial flora and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in the eyes of patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was jointly conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology and Microbiology on 60 patients undergoing cataract surgery at Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad. Sample from volunteers’ eyes was collected and processed in the microbiological laboratory of Santosh Hospital, and when there was bacterial growth, cultures for isolation and identification were made and antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out.

Results:

Growth was positive in 49 patients (82%), whereas no growth was found in 11 patients (18%).

Findings:

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus is the most common conjunctival bacterial flora in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Newer fluoroquinolones such as gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin are highly effective against normal conjunctival flora and hence act as an effective tool for presurgical prophylaxis.

Conclusions:

These studies should be periodically conducted to understand the dynamic nature of bacterial flora as well as demographic differences in resistance patterns.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: A focus on histopathological findings
Authors: Suthar Zeal , Sharma Richa , Singh Swati , Mittal Adreena , Jain Mansi , Dixit Alka
Published: December 2024

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare chronic renal condition with an incidence rate of 0.6 to 1%, characterized by the accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages, known as Xanthoma cells, in the renal parenchyma. This often leads to renal tissue destruction. The aim of this study is to present a case of XGP in a right non-functional kidney. A 50-year-old male patient underwent right nephrectomy, and the specimen received measured 12 × 9 × 7.6 cm, showing bosselation and hemorrhage on the outer surface. The tissue was processed and stained with H and E. Histopathological examination revealed the replacement of renal parenchyma by sheets of foamy histiocytes and dense mononuclear chronic inflammatory infiltrates. Large areas of focal glomerular sclerosis and dilated, congested tubules with necrosis were observed, confirming the diagnosis of XGP. In conclusion, XGP in its focal form is a rare benign kidney disease, usually diagnosed histologically after surgical treatment. The management approach typically involves conservative treatment, including partial or total nephrectomy.
Research article: Tobacco cessation methods in India – A comprehensive review of pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy
Authors: Kundu Snehashish , Sharma Manish Kumar , Chandra Eshutosh , Mahendran C. S.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Tobacco addiction is a major public health issue in India, contributing to a high burden of preventable diseases and premature deaths. Despite various efforts to reduce tobacco consumption, its prevalence remains alarmingly high, emphasizing the urgent need for effective tobacco cessation strategies.

Objective:

This review aims to comprehensively analyze the tobacco cessation methods in India, including pharmacotherapy, behavioral interventions, and other approaches, with a focus on their efficacy, challenges, and future directions.

Methods:

The review examines various tobacco cessation techniques, evaluating their effectiveness in the Indian context. It considers the cultural, socioecono mic, and regulatory challenges unique to India that influence tobacco cessation efforts.

Results:

The analysis highlights the diverse tobacco consumption habits across the country and assesses the success of existing tobacco cessation initiatives. It also identifies key barriers to effective cessation, such as lack of awareness, accessibility, and socio-cultural influences. Despite these challenges, some programs and methods have shown success in reducing tobacco use.

Conclusion:

Tobacco cessation is a critical health priority for India. While progress has been made through government initiatives and stakeholder involvement, there remains a need for more widespread and culturally tailored cessation programs. Future efforts must address existing gaps in healthcare infrastructure, regulation, and public awareness to further reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.
Chemical leaching in aligners: A literature review
Authors: Singh Amrit , Ahluwalia Rajiv , Chugh Tina , Gupta Mayank
Published: December 2024

Clear aligners, composed of advanced thermoplastic polymers such as polyurethane and polyethylene terephthalate glycolmodified, have revolutionized orthodontic treatment. However, concerns about the leaching of potentially harmful chemicals, including bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalates, have raised questions regarding their long-term safety. Studies indicate that while leachable levels of these compounds are generally low, the extended duration of aligner use may result in cumulative exposure, necessitating closer evaluation. This review delves into the chemical composition of aligners, the factors influencing the leaching process, and the associated health implications. In addition, it highlights advancements in the development of BPA-free materials and protective coatings aimed at minimizing risks. The article underscores the critical need for comprehensive in vivo studies and updated regulatory frameworks to enhance patient safety while maintaining the efficacy of clear aligners.
Effect of Title Length and Word Count on Views: Evidence from Microsoft Excel videos on YouTube
Authors: Kawata Tomohiro , Kato Takumi , Tsuda Kazuhiko
Published: December 2024

This study examines the influence of title length and the number of words in titles on the view counts of YouTube videos, with a focus on optimizing title characteristics to enhance viewer engagement. Using a dataset of 12,466 Microsoft Excel tutorial videos published between January 2006 and November 2023, the analysis identifies significant patterns in title characteristics that affect viewership. The results reveal a bell-shaped relationship, with both mean and median view counts peaking at specific title lengths and word counts, emphasizing the importance of striking a balance between informativeness and brevity. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical role of visual information (character count) compared to semantic information (word count) in driving video engagement. By providing actionable insights, this research offers practical, cost-efficient guidelines for creators to optimize their video titles, ultimately contributing to more effective content strategies on digital platforms.
Central Limit Theorem for tensor products of free variables
Authors: Lancien Cécilia , Oliveira Santos Patrick , Youssef Pierre
Published: December 2024

We establish a Central Limit Theorem for tensor product random variables

$c_k:=a_k \otimes a_k$

, where

$(a_k)_{k \in \mathbb {N}}$

is a free family of variables. We show that if the variables

$a_k$

are centered, the limiting law is the semi-circle. Otherwise, the limiting law depends on the mean and variance of the variables

$a_k$

and corresponds to a free interpolation between the semi-circle law and the classical convolution of two semi-circle laws.
$C^{\ast}$-exponential rank of unital simple classifiable $C^{\ast}$-algebras
Authors: Luo Qiuwen
Published: December 2024

Let

\mathfrak{A}

be the class of all unital simple separable amenable

\mathcal{Z}

-stable

C^{\ast}

-algebras satisfying UCT, which are classified by Elliott invariant. In this paper, we proved that any

C^{\ast}

-algebra in

\mathfrak{A}

has

C^{\ast}

-exponential rank at most

1 + \varepsilon

.
On some parametric elliptic systems at resonance
Authors: Ouannasser Anass
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we study the resonance for some parametric elliptic systems in which the nonlinearities involve convection and convolution of the solution. By applying a topological method based on fixed point theory, we establish the existence of at least one weak solution without using Landesman–Lazer-type conditions. Furthermore, we deal with a gradient-type system at resonance and prove the existence of a solution by using a variational approach.
Shaping critical thinking as a factor of the local security in wartime conditions
Authors: Stepanenko Viktoriia
Published: December 2024

The aim of the article is to analyze the information and psychological wars which have become a real threat to the modern world, leading to damage to the individual and mass awareness of the population, ethno-political divisions, internal and external armed conflicts and wars, and the loss of states’ sovereignty. The most relevant example of the consequences of information and psychological warfare is russia’s propaganda aggression against Ukraine. Providing security today is one of the main priorities for Ukrainians, in particular, local security issues in wartime require more attention, taking into account the factor of people’s dependence on information and its content. The research problem focusses on shaping critical thinking as a factor of the local security in wartime conditions. One of the means of information and psychological resistance and protection of the individuals from russian aggressive propaganda is critical perception of information, which is based on critical thinking. The formation of critical thinking is one of the ways of informational and psychological resistance to russian aggression, a tool of psychological protection against the negative impact of information, which ensures the informational and psychological security of the individual and the country.
Wpływ wojny na Ukrainie na bezpieczeństwo przestrzeni powietrznej nad Polską
Authors: Ochyra Patryk , Lewczuk Marcel , Tynka Kamil
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu wojny w sąsiedztwie Polski na jej przestrzeń powietrzną. W artykule skupiono się na identyfikacji głównych zmian i wyzwań, które pojawiają się w kontekście bezpieczeństwa, regulacji ruchu lotniczego, gospodarki oraz społecznych aspektów życia, a także ma na celu zaproponowanie strategii zarządzania tymi wyzwaniami. Problem badawczy sformułowano: W jaki sposób wojna w pobliżu granic Polski wpływa na funkcjonowanie przestrzeni powietrznej nad krajem? Badanie ma na celu zidentyfikowanie kluczowych zagrożeń oraz konsekwencji dla różnych sektorów, związanych z lotnictwem. Odpowiednio do postawionego problemu badawczego postawiono hipotezę badawczą, która zakłada, że wojna w sąsiedztwie Polski znacząco zwiększa ryzyko bezpieczeństwa, prowadzi do zmian w regulacjach ruchu lotniczego, negatywnie wpływa na gospodarkę lotniczą oraz wywołuje społeczne obawy i niepewność. Do realizacji celu i weryfikacji hipotezy zastosowano odpowiednie metody badawcze. Dokonano przeglądu dostępnych publikacji naukowych, raportów oraz dokumentów, dotyczących wpływu konfliktów zbrojnych na przestrzeń powietrzną. Zebrane dane i ich analiza, dotyczących incydentów lotniczych, zmian w trasach lotów, liczby pasażerów oraz wpływu ekonomicznego na sektor lotniczy pozwoliła na sformułowanie głównych wniosków. Stosując te metody, artykuł dąży do kompleksowej oceny wpływu wojny na przestrzeń powietrzną nad Polską, identyfikując kluczowe wyzwania i proponując możliwe rozwiązania, aby zminimalizować negatywne skutki konfliktu.
Jak przygotować się do przyszłej wojny
Authors: Rutkowski Michał
Published: December 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza kwestii, dotyczących przygotowania się do przyszłej wojny. Determinuje on potrzebę zaproponowania głównego problemu badawczego, w postaci następującego pytania problemowego: Jakich wariantów zagrożeń należy się spodziewać, ażeby móc skutecznie się na nie przygotować, w aspekcie zachowania egzystencjalnego bezpieczeństwa jednostkowego? Na podstawie wcześniej sformułowanego problemu głównego, autor postawił hipotezę badawczą, która zakłada, iż czołowy inhibitor w adekwatnym przygotowaniu się do wojny, stanowi bagatelizacja przed faktycznym wystąpieniem jako bytu do niedawna zamierzchłego, wymykającego się obecnie sposobom ludzkiej percepcji. Weryfikacja powyższej hipotezy oraz uzyskanie odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania wymagało zastosowania metod badawczych w tym dokonania krytycznej analizy wybranych pozycji literatury przedmiotu, rzetelnych źródeł internetowych a także analizy porównawczej, która pozwoliła na wyciągnięcie głównych wniosków.
Wykorzystanie filtrów Gabora do identyfikacji obrazów pisma odręcznego
Authors: Niedziela Tadeusz , Hołyst Brunon
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest ocena efektywności zastosowania filtrów Gabora w identyfikacji oraz klasyfikacji obrazów przedstawiających pismo odręczne, w szczególności w kontekście rozpoznawania liter, cyfr lub całych słów. W artykule przedstawiono optoelektroniczną metodę identyfikacji cech charakterystycznych obrazów pisma odręcznego bazującą na transformacie falkowej Gabora. Metoda ta nie była nigdzie dotychczas publikowana a otwiera nowe perspektywy badania pisma ręcznego. Problem badawczy sformułowano: Czy zastosowanie filtrów Gabora pozwala na efektywną ekstrakcję cech z obrazów pisma odręcznego, umożliwiającą dokładną identyfikację i klasyfikację znaków w porównaniu do innych metod ekstrakcji cech? Odpowiednio do postawionego problemu badawczego sformułowano hipotezę badawczą, która zakłada, iż filtry Gabora, dzięki swojej zdolności do wykrywania wzorców lokalnych w obrazach (takich jak krawędzie, tekstury i struktury kierunkowe), są skuteczną metodą ekstrakcji cech w zadaniach związanych z identyfikacją obrazów pisma odręcznego, przewyższającą inne powszechnie stosowane metody pod względem dokładności klasyfikacji. Autorzy w artykule zaproponowali prosty algorytm rozpoznawania obrazów w przestrzeni dyfrakcyjnej dla celów kryminalistyki. Pozostaje pytanie, czy metoda ta może znaleźć zastosowanie w praktyce? W celu uzyskania odpowiedzi na problem badawczy i weryfikacji hipotezy badawczej zastosowane metody badawcze takie jak analiza literatury zarówno krajowej jak zagranicznej, analiza porównawcza, jak również modelowanie matematyczne.