bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1,4‐Piperazinium Hydrogen Sulfate {[H‐pi]HSO4} a Novel Di‐Cationic Ionic Liquid: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Applications as a Catalyst in Various Organic Transformations
Authors: Jashnani S. , Seddighi M. , Langarudi M. S. N. , Shirini F.
Published: November 2018

In this work, a new nitrogen and sulfur based di‐cationic ionic liquid (IL), named 1,4‐piperazinium hydrogen sulfate ([H‐pi]HSO4), was simply synthesized from the reaction of piperazine with sulfuric acid, and then characterized with a variety of techniques, including Infrared (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and pH analysis. This new ionic liquid was employed as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2,2′‐arylmethylene‐bis(3‐hydroxy‐5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexene‐1‐one) and 1,8‐dioxooctahydroxanthene derivatives in C2H5OH:H2O media and under solvent‐free conditions, respectively. Also, this adequate catalyst was employed for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines and triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidinesviathree‐component reaction of aldehydes, malononitrile and 2‐aminobenzimidazole and/or 3‐amino[1,2,4]triazole. The new functionally‐structured products, synthesized through these methods, were characterized with IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Moreover, the procedures gave the products in good yields and short reaction times as well as reusability of the catalyst.
A new reidentification method for location‐based social networks
Authors: Li Guang
Published: November 2018

With the wide application of location‐based services and social networks, the privacy protection for both the location data and the social network data become important. There are already some methods for these two problems. This article gives a new discovery that these methods do not fit the location‐based social network (LBSN). In the LBSN, both the location and social network information can be obtained. However, most of the existing privacy protection methods only consider one of them. This article shows that privacy risk may happen when both using these two kinds of information. It is necessary to design a special privacy protection method for the LBSN. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of owners’ attitudes towards veterinarian attire in the small animal specialty setting in North America
Authors: Robb Kathryn A. , Rossi Tracey A. , Tansey Colleen , Hybki Gabrielle C. , Murphy Lisa A. , Nakamura Reid K. , Chen Dillon Y.
Published: November 2018

Previous studies in human medicine have found that patients prefer their doctors to be more formally attired, and that this influences their trust and confidence in their physician. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how veterinarians’ attire affected owners’ impressions and trust in the small animal specialty medicine setting. A questionnaire based study conducted during a 2‐month period at an urban based small animal private practice specialty hospital. Respondents completed a written survey after reviewing pictures of the same male and female veterinarian in five different dress styles. Respondents were asked for their preference for male and female veterinarian attire in different clinical scenarios and whether it would affect their willingness to discuss sensitive issues. Two hundred and thirty‐eight questionnaires were completed during the study period with 76.1% of respondents being female. Female respondents did not have a preference to how a male or female veterinarian was attired with the attire examples provided. However, male respondents tended to have fairly equal response rates between no preference and preferring a male veterinarian to be in either clinical or professional attire. Male owners either had no preference or preferred their male veterinarian to be attired in clinical or professional attire and had no preference or preferred their female veterinarian to be clinical attire. Most respondents do not feel it is necessary for a veterinarian to wear a white coat or neck ties and most do not feel it is inappropriate for a veterinarian to wear blue jeans, have coloured hair, or have visible tattoos.
Distance‐based clustering of mixed data
Authors: van de Velden Michel , Iodice D'Enza Alfonso , Markos Angelos
Published: November 2018

Cluster analysis comprises of several unsupervised techniques aiming to identify a subgroup (cluster) structure underlying the observations of a data set. The desired cluster allocation is such that it assigns similar observations to the same subgroup. Depending on the field of application and on domain‐specific requirements, different approaches exist that tackle the clustering problem. In distance‐based clustering, a distance metric is used to determine the similarity between data objects. The distance metric can be used to cluster observations by considering the distances between objects directly or by considering distances between objects and cluster centroids (or some other cluster representative points). Most distance metrics, and hence the distance‐based clustering methods, work either with continuous‐only or categorical‐only data. In applications, however, observations are often described by a combination of both continuous and categorical variables. Such data sets can be referred to as mixed or mixed‐type data. In this review, we consider different methods for distance‐based cluster analysis of mixed data. In particular, we distinguish three different streams that range from basic data preprocessing (where all variables are converted to the same scale), to the use of specific distance measures for mixed data, and finally to so‐called joint data reduction (a combination of dimension reduction and clustering) methods specifically designed for mixed data.

This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data Analysis

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Dimension Reduction
Measurement of the form factors of charged kaon semileptonic decays
Authors:   The NA48/2 collaboration, Batley J. R. , Kalmus G. , Lazzeroni C. , Munday D. J. , Slater M. W. , Wotton S. A. , Arcidiacono R. , Bocquet G. , Cabibbo N. , Ceccucci A. , Cundy D. , Falaleev V. , Fidecaro M. , Gatignon L. , Gonidec A. , Kubischta W. , Maier A. , Norton A. , Patel M. , Peters A. , Balev S. , Frabetti P. L. , Gersabeck E. , Goudzovski E. , Hristov P. , Kekelidze V. , Kozhuharov V. , Litov L. , Madigozhin D. , Molokanova N. , Polenkevich I. , Potrebenikov Yu. , Shkarovskiy S. , Stoynev S. , Zinchenko A. , Monnier E. , Swallow E. , Winston R. , Rubin P. , Walker A. , Dalpiaz P. , Damiani C. , Fiorini M. , Martini M. , Petrucci F. , Savrié M. , Scarpa M. , Wahl H. , Baldini W. , Cotta Ramusino A. , Gianoli A. , Calvetti M. , Celeghini E. , Iacopini E. , Lenti M. , Ruggiero G. , Bizzeti A. , Veltri M. , Behler M. , Eppard K. , Hita-Hochgesand M. , Kleinknecht K. , Marouelli P. , Masetti L. , Moosbrugger U. , Morales Morales C. , Renk B. , Wache M. , Wanke R. , Winhart A. , Coward D. , Dabrowski A. , Fonseca Martin T. , Shieh M. , Szleper M. , Velasco M. , Wood M. D. , Anzivino G. , Imbergamo E. , Nappi A. , Piccini M. , Raggi M. , Valdata-Nappi M. , Cenci P. , Pepe M. , Petrucci M. C. , Costantini F. , Doble N. , Fiorini L. , Giudici S. , Pierazzini G. , Sozzi M. , Venditti S. , Collazuol G. , DiLella L. , Lamanna G. , Mannelli I. , Michetti A. , Cerri C. , Fantechi R. , Bloch-Devaux B. , Cheshkov C. , Chèze J. B. , De Beer M. , Derré J. , Marel G. , Mazzucato E. , Peyaud B. , Vallage B. , Holder M. , Ziolkowski M. , Bifani S. , Clemencic M. , Goy Lopez S. , Biino C. , Cartiglia N. , Marchetto F. , Dibon H. , Jeitler M. , Markytan M. , Mikulec I. , Neuhofer G. , Widhalm L.
Published: November 2018

Abstract

A measurement of the form factors of charged kaon semileptonic decays is presented, based on 4.4 × 106
K
± → π
0
e
±
ν

e
(K

e3
±
) and 2.3 × 106
K
± → π
0
μ±ν

μ
(K

μ3
±
) decays collected in 2004 by the NA48/2 experiment. The results are obtained with improved precision as compared to earlier measurements. The combination of measurements in the K

e3
±
and K

μ3
±
modes is also presented.
Generalised Born-Infeld models, Lax operators and the $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$ perturbation
Authors: Conti Riccardo , Iannella Leonardo , Negro Stefano , Tateo Roberto
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Surprising links between the deformation of 2D quantum field theories induced by the composite

$$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$

T

T
¯

operator, effective string models and the AdS/CFT correspondence, have recently emerged. The purpose of this article is to discuss various classical aspects related to the deformation of 2D interacting field theories. Special attention is given to the sin(h)-Gordon model, for which we were able to construct the

$$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$

T

T
¯

-deformed Lax pair. We consider the Lax pair formulation to be the first essential step toward a more satisfactory geometrical interpretation of this deformation within the integrable model framework.

Furthermore, it is shown that the 4D Maxwell-Born-Infeld theory, possibly with the addition of a mass term or a derivative-independent potential, corresponds to a natural extension of the 2D examples. Finally, we briefly comment on 2D Yang-Mills theory and propose a modification of the heat kernel, for a generic surface with genus p and n boundaries, which fully accounts for the

$$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$

T

T
¯

contribution.
Scaphoid Fracture Repair Does Not Significantly Diminish Short-Term Participation in the National Football League
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Tu Leigh-Anne , Sheehan Joseph , Salata Michael J. , Voos James E. , Malone Kevin J.
Published: November 2018

Background

Fixation of scaphoid fractures is recommended in elite athletes to hasten healing and return-to-sport times. Complications such as nonunion negatively affect athletic performance.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and impact of scaphoid repair on National Football League (NFL) participation during athletes’ first season in the NFL, while identifying significant predictors for development of carpal arthritis and scaphoid nonunion.

Methods

A total of 1311 football athletes invited to the NFL Scouting Combine from 2012 to 2015 were evaluated for history of scaphoid fracture repair. Athlete demographics, surgical history, and imaging and physical examination findings were recorded. Future NFL participation based on draft status, games played, and games started during athletes’ first season were gathered using publicly available databases.

Results

Nineteen (1.4%) athletes underwent 24 operations for scaphoid repair. Limitations in wrist range of motion or strength were present in 47.4% of athletes with a history of repair. Arthritic changes were present in 32% of wrists, while radiographic nonunion was present in two athletes following scaphoid fracture. Defensive backs were observed to have a higher incidence for arthritic changes following repair compared to other positions. No significant difference in prospective NFL participation was found in athletes with a history of scaphoid repair than in those without.

Conclusions

Athletes with a history of scaphoid repair are not at significant risk for diminished participation during their first season in the NFL.
Was brauchen wir in ländlichen Räumen? Erreichbarkeitsmodellierung als strategischer Ansatz der regionalen Standort- und Verkehrsplanung
Authors: Ahlmeyer Florian , Wittowsky Dirk
Published: November 2018

Ensuring accessibility to public services and facilities is one of the biggest challenges for rural communities. Thus, planners need to locate spaces with problems in accessibility. It is necessary to estimate the impact of shifts in supply of social infrastructure or public transport. In this particular case, instruments are missing to visualize those shifts. Consequently, such an instrument was developed on behalf of the Ministry of Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg (Germany) in the rural district of Calw. Along with using tools to operationalize a regional analysis of accessibility, an indexing model was developed, which combines in one indicator the accessibilities of public services and facilities providing everyday commodities. Furthermore, the instrument allows removing or adding facilities. It is thus possible to calculate operating figures, which can be used for objective decisions. Valuable for planners developing strategies for organizing services of public interest, the indexing model as part of the developed instrument describes a new method in spatial planning.
Compact intense electron-beam accelerators based on high energy density liquid pulse forming lines
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Zhang Zicheng , Yang Hanwu , Zhang Jun , Liu Jinliang , Yin Yi , Xun Tao , Cheng Xinbing , Fan Yuwei , Jin Zhenxing , Ju Jinchuan
Published: November 2018

This paper provides a review of the compact intense electron-beam accelerators (IEBAs) based on liquid pulse forming lines (PFLs) that have been developed at the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) in China. The history and roadmap of the compact IEBAs used to drive high-power microwave (HPM) devices at NUDT are reviewed. The properties of both de-ionized water and glycerin as energy storage media are presented. Research into the breakdown properties of liquid dielectrics and the desire to maximize energy storage have resulted in the invention of several coaxial PFLs with different electromagnetic structures, which are detailed in this paper. These high energy density liquid PFLs have been used to increase the performance of IEBA subsystems, based on which the SPARK (Single Pulse Accelerator with spark gaps) and HEART (High Energy-density Accelerator with Repetitive Transformer) series of IEBAs were constructed. This paper also discusses how these compact IEBAs have been used to drive typical HPM devices and concludes by summarizing the associated achievements and the conclusions that can be drawn from the results.
Introduction to Machine Learning in Digital Healthcare Epidemiology
Authors: Roth Jan A. , Battegay Manuel , Juchler Fabrice , Vogt Julia E. , Widmer Andreas F.
Published: November 2018

To exploit the full potential of big routine data in healthcare and to efficiently communicate and collaborate with information technology specialists and data analysts, healthcare epidemiologists should have some knowledge of large-scale analysis techniques, particularly about machine learning. This review focuses on the broad area of machine learning and its first applications in the emerging field of digital healthcare epidemiology.
A recipe for antimicrobial stewardship success: Using intervention mapping to develop a program to reduce antibiotic overuse in long-term care
Authors: Chambers Andrea , MacFarlane Sam , Zvonar Rosemary , Evans Gerald , Moore Julia E. , Langford Bradley J. , Augustin Anne , Cooper Sue , Quirk Jacquelyn , McCreight Liz , Garber Gary
Published: November 2018

Objective

To better understand barriers and facilitators that contribute to antibiotic overuse in long-term care and to use this information to inform an evidence and theory-informed program.

Methods

Information on barriers and facilitators associated with the assessment and management of urinary tract infections were identified from a mixed-methods survey and from focus groups with stakeholders working in long-term care. Each barrier or facilitator was mapped to corresponding determinants of behavior change, as described by the theoretical domains framework (TDF). The Rx for Change database was used to identify strategies to address the key determinants of behavior change.

Results

In total, 19 distinct barriers and facilitators were mapped to 8 domains from the TDF: knowledge, skills, environmental context and resources, professional role or identity, beliefs about consequences, social influences, emotions, and reinforcements. The assessment of barriers and facilitators informed the need for a multifaceted approach with the inclusion of strategies (1) to establish buy-in for the changes; (2) to align organizational policies and procedures; (3) to provide education and ongoing coaching support to staff; (4) to provide information and education to residents and families; (5) to establish process surveillance with feedback to staff; and (6) to deliver reminders.

Conclusions

The use of a stepped approach was valuable to ensure that locally relevant barriers and facilitators to practice change were addressed in the development of a regional program to help long-term care facilities minimize antibiotic prescribing for asymptomatic bacteriuria. This stepped approach provides considerable opportunity to advance the design and impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Reconciling turbulent burning velocity with flame surface area in small-scale turbulence
Authors: Nivarti G. V. , Cant R. S. , Hochgreb S.
Published: November 2018

A discrepancy between the enhancement in overall burning rate and the enhancement in flame surface area measured for high-intensity turbulence is addressed. In order to reconcile the two quantities, an additional contribution from the effective turbulent diffusivity is considered. This contribution is expected to arise in sufficiently intense turbulence from eddies smaller than the flamelet thickness. In the present work, the enhancement in diffusivity arising from these eddies is estimated based on a model energy spectrum; individual contributions from all turbulence length scales smaller the flamelet thickness are integrated over the corresponding portion of the spectrum. It is shown that diffusivity enhancement, estimated in this manner, is able to account for the measured discrepancy between the overall burning rate enhancement and flame surface area enhancement. The factor quantifying this discrepancy is formalized as a closed-form function of the Karlovitz number.
Facing uncertainty: An entrepreneurial view of the future?
Authors: Bridge Simon
Published: November 2018

In business the future is not predetermined, and the unexpected often happens. So how should entrepreneurs (and businesses) try to address that future uncertainty? This paper suggests that there are two main options:

1.

The often-preferred approach seeks to reduce uncertainty by forecasting and planning, using ‘left-brained’ logic and analysis.

2.

The alternative way seeks to live with, and to benefit from, uncertainty by using ideas derived from exploration, effectuation, antifragility and ‘trial and error’.

This paper compares the two approaches and considers their rationales and potential effectiveness. It suggests that forecasting and planning has many drawbacks and is often not the best way to operate in uncertain conditions. Nevertheless, it is often advocated and its thinking seems to have been adopted as the default philosophy for business. Therefore if, as has been suggested, uncertainty is the norm, do we need to advocate adopting a different way of thinking?
‘Sometimes you just need someone to take a chance on you’: An internship programme for autistic graduates at Deutsche Bank, UK
Authors: Remington Anna , Pellicano Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

Autistic individuals often face significant challenges to obtaining and maintaining meaningful employment – more so than other disability groups. Work placements appear to be an important step to promote employment outcomes, yet there remains a lack of knowledge about the real-life experiences of those involved in such schemes. This study is the first to take a multi-informant, longitudinal approach to examine corporate work-placement schemes: specifically, an internship for autistic graduates at Deutsche Bank, UK. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with interns, their hiring managers and the colleagues who worked alongside them. Results demonstrated positive, meaningful experiences for the majority of those involved, however, some interns also reported anxiety, difficulties in judging communication and confusion regarding office rules. The current findings contribute to a better understanding of the experiences of skilled autistic individuals in work, and should inform the creation of subsequent programmes aimed to promote employment opportunities for autistic people.
NO COHOMOLOGICALLY TRIVIAL NONTRIVIAL AUTOMORPHISM OF GENERALIZED KUMMER MANIFOLDS
Authors: OGUISO KEIJI
Published: November 2018

For a hyper-Kähler manifold deformation equivalent to a generalized Kummer manifold, we prove that the action of the automorphism group on the total Betti cohomology group is faithful. This is a sort of generalization of a work of Beauville and a more recent work of Boissière, Nieper-Wisskirchen, and Sarti, concerning the action of the automorphism group of a generalized Kummer manifold on the second cohomology group.
Existence of outsiders as a characteristic of online communication networks
Authors: TAKAGUCHI TARO , MAEHARA TAKANORI , KAWARABAYASHI KEN-ICHI , TOYODA MASASHI
Published: November 2018

Online social networking services involve communication activities between large number of individuals over the public Internet and their crawled records are often regarded as proxies of real (i.e., offline) interaction structure. However, structure observed in these records might differ from real counterparts because individuals may behave differently online and non-human accounts may even participate. To understand the difference between online and real social networks, we investigate an empirical communication network between users on Twitter, which is perhaps one of the largest social networking services. We define a network of user pairs that send reciprocal messages. Based on the correlation between degree of adjacent nodes observed in this network, we hypothesize that this network differs from conventional understandings in the sense that there is a small number of distinctive users that we call outsiders. Outsiders do not belong to any user groups but they are connected with different groups, while not being well connected with each other. We identify outsiders by maximizing the degree assortativity coefficient of the network via node removal, thereby confirming that local structural properties of outsiders identified are consistent with our hypothesis. Our findings suggest that the existence of outsiders should be considered when using Twitter communication networks for social network analysis.
A Meeting in the Forest: Hunters and Farmers at the Coneybury ‘Anomaly’, Wiltshire
Authors: Gron Kurt J. , ROWLEY-CONWY Peter , Fernandez-Dominguez Eva , Gröcke Darren R. , Montgomery Janet , Nowell Geoff M. , Patterson William P.
Published: November 2018

The Coneybury ‘Anomaly’ is an Early Neolithic pit located just south-east of Stonehenge, Wiltshire. Excavations recovered a faunal assemblage unique in its composition, consisting of both wild and domestic species, as well as large quantities of ceramics and stone tools, including a substantial proportion of blades/bladelets. We present a suite of new isotope analyses of the faunal material, together with ancient DNA sex determination, and reconsider the published faunal data to ask: What took place at Coneybury, and who was involved? We argue on the basis of multiple lines of evidence that Coneybury represents the material remains of a gathering organised by a regional community, with participants coming from different areas. One group of attendees provided deer instead of, or in addition to, cattle. We conclude that the most likely scenario is that this group comprised local hunter-gatherers who survived alongside local farmers.
Optimal protein intake during pregnancy for reducing the risk of fetal growth restriction: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Morisaki Naho , Nagata Chie , Yasuo Shinobu , Morokuma Seiichi , Kato Kiyoko , Sanefuji Masafumi , Shibata Eiji , Tsuji Mayumi , Senju Ayako , Kawamoto Toshihiro , Ohga Shouichi , Kusuhara Koichi ,   Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: November 2018

Clinical trials show that protein supplement increases infant size in malnourished populations; however, epidemiological studies in high-income countries have reported mixed results. Although these findings suggest a non-linear relationship between maternal macronutrient intake and fetal growth, this relationship has not been closely examined. We assessed the association between maternal protein intake and fetal growth among 91 637 Japanese women with singletons in a nation-wide cohort study using validated FFQ. The respondents answered the FFQ twice, once during early pregnancy (FFQ1; 16·3 (sd 6·0) weeks), and second during mid-pregnancy (FFQ2, 28·1 (sd 4·1) weeks). Daily energy intake and percentage energy from protein, fats and carbohydrates were 7477 (sd 2577) kJ and 13·5 (sd 2·0), 29·5 (sd 6·5) and 55·3 (sd 7·8) %, respectively, for FFQ1, and 7184 (sd 2506) kJ and 13·6 (sd 2·1), 29·8 (sd 6·6) and 55·3 (sd 7·9) %, respectively, for FFQ2. The average birth weight was 3028 (sd 406) g, and 6350 infants (6·9 %) were small for gestational age (SGA). In both phases of the survey, birth weight was highest and the risk of SGA was lowest when the percentage energy from protein was 12 %, regardless of whether isoenergetic replacement was with fat or carbohydrates. Furthermore, when protein density in the maternal diet was held constant, birth weight was highest when 25 % of energy intake came from fat and 61 % came from carbohydrates during early pregnancy. We found maternal protein intake to have an inverse U-curve relationship with fetal growth. Our results strongly suggest that the effect of protein on birth weight is non-linear, and that a balanced diet fulfilling the minimum requirement for all macronutrients was ideal for avoiding fetal growth restriction.
Fluoride retention in infants living in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas: effects of weaning
Authors: Zohoori Fatemeh V. , Omid Narges , Sanderson Roy A. , Valentine Ruth A. , Maguire Anne
Published: November 2018

Limited knowledge is available on total fluoride exposure, excretion and retention in infants, despite the first year of human life being the critical period for dental development and risk of dental fluorosis. This study investigated total daily fluoride intake (TDFI), excretion (TDFE) and retention (TDFR) in infants living in fluoridated and non-fluoridated water areas at pre- and post-weaning stages of development. Healthy infants, aged 0–12 months, were recruited and their TDFI (mg/kg body weight (BW) per d), from diet and toothpaste ingestion, was assessed over a 3-d period using a dietary diary and tooth-brushing questionnaire. TDFE (mg/kg BW per d) was estimated by collecting 48-h urine and faeces. TDFR (mg/kg BW per d) was estimated by subtracting TDFE from TDFI. A total of forty-seven infants completed the study: sixteen at pre-weaning and thirty-one at post-weaning stages, with a mean age of 3·4 and 10·0 months, respectively. TDFI was lower in the non-fluoridated area (P<0·001) and at the pre-weaning stage (P=0·002) but higher in formula-fed infants (P<0·001). TDFE was mainly affected by type of feeding, with higher excretion in formula-fed infants (P<0·001). TDFR was lower in the non-fluoridated area (P<0·001) and at the pre-weaning stage (P<0·001) but higher in formula-fed infants (P=0·001). In conclusion, a relatively large proportion of fluoride intake is retained in the body in weaned infants. This is an important consideration in fluoride-based prevention programmes, with goals to maximise caries prevention while minimising the risk of dental fluorosis.
EXTENSIONS OF HILBERTIAN RINGS
Authors: JARDEN MOSHE , RAZON AHARON
Published: November 2018

We generalize known results about Hilbertian fields to Hilbertian rings. For example, letRbe a Hilbertian ring (e.g.Ris the ring of integers of a number field) with quotient fieldKand letAbe an abelian variety overK. Then, for every extensionMofKinK(Ator(Ksep)), the integral closureRMofRinMis Hilbertian.
SCIENCE IN HISTORY
Authors: POSKETT JAMES
Published: November 2018

What is the history of science? How has it changed over the course of the twentieth century? And what does the future hold for the discipline? This ‘Retrospect’ provides an introduction to the historiography of science as it developed in the Anglophone world. It begins with the foundation of the Cambridge History of Science Committee in the 1940s and ends with the growth of cultural history in the 2000s. At the broadest level, it emphasizes the need to consider the close relationship between history and the history of science. All too often the historiography of science is treated separately from history at large. But as this essay shows, these seemingly distinct fields often developed in relation to one another. This essay also reveals the ways in which Cold War politics shaped the history of science as a discipline. It then concludes by considering the future, suggesting that the history of science and the history of political thought would benefit from greater engagement with one another.
THE ANCIENT CONSTITUTION AND THE LANGUAGES OF POLITICAL THOUGHT
Authors: GOLDIE MARK
Published: November 2018

Historians of political thought speak of ‘languages’ of politics. A language provides a lexicon, an available resource for legitimating positions. It is looser than a ‘theory’, because protean, and not predictive of particular doctrines. Some languages attract considerable scholarly attention, while others languish, for all that they were ambient in past cultures. In recent scholarship on early modern European thought, natural law and civic humanism have dominated. Yet prescriptive appeals to national historiographies were equally pervasive. Many European cultures appealed to Tacitean mythologies of a Gothic ur-constitution. The Anglophone variant dwelt on putative Saxon freedoms, the status of the Norman ‘Conquest’, whether feudalism ruptured the Gothic inheritance, and how common law related to ‘reason’, natural law, and divine law. Whigs rooted parliaments in the Saxonwitenagemot; though, by the eighteenth century, ‘modern’ Whigs discerned liberty as the fruit of recent socio-economic change. Levellers and Chartists alike talked of liberation from the ‘Norman Yoke’. These themes were explored from the 1940s onwards under the stimulus of Herbert Butterfield; one result was J. G. A. Pocock's classicAncient constitution and the feudal law(1957).
Volatility-of-Volatility Risk
Authors: Huang Darien , Schlag Christian , Shaliastovich Ivan , Thimme Julian
Published: November 2018

We show that market volatility of volatility is a significant risk factor that affects index and volatility index option returns, beyond volatility itself. The volatility and volatility of volatility indices, identified model-free as the VIX and VVIX, respectively, are only weakly related to each other. Delta-hedged index and VIX option returns are negative on average and are more negative for strategies that are more exposed to volatility and volatility-of-volatility risks. Further, volatility and volatility of volatility significantly negatively predict future delta-hedged option payoffs. The evidence suggests that volatility and volatility-of-volatility risks are jointly priced and have negative market prices of risk.
Ion diffusion and acceleration in plasma turbulence
Authors: Pecora F. , Servidio S. , Greco A. , Matthaeus W. H. , Burgess D. , Haynes C. T. , Carbone V. , Veltri P.
Published: November 2018

Particle transport, acceleration and energization are phenomena of major importance for both space and laboratory plasmas. Despite years of study, an accurate theoretical description of these effects is still lacking. Validating models with self-consistent, kinetic simulations represents today a new challenge for the description of weakly collisional, turbulent plasmas. We perform simulations of steady state turbulence in the 2.5-dimensional approximation (three-dimensional fields that depend only on two-dimensional spatial directions). The chosen plasma parameters allow to span different systems, going from the solar corona to the solar wind, from the Earth’s magnetosheath to confinement devices. To describe the ion diffusion we adapted the nonlinear guiding centre (NLGC) theory to the two-dimensional case. Finally, we investigated the local influence of coherent structures on particle energization and acceleration: current sheets play an important role if the ions’ Larmor radii are of the order of the current sheet’s size. This resonance-like process leads to the violation of the magnetic moment conservation, eventually enhancing the velocity-space diffusion.
Higher radial modes of azimuthal surface waves in magnetoactive cylindrical plasma waveguides
Authors: Girka Igor O. , Kondratenko V. M. , Thumm M.
Published: November 2018

Azimuthal surface waves are eigenmodes of cylindrical plasma–dielectric–metal structures both in the presence of and without an axial static magnetic field. They are actively studied due to possible applications in plasma electronics, nanotechnologies and biomedical diagnostics. Higher radial modes are known to propagate at higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths compared to those of the zeroth mode, a feature which is of interest for practical applications. To gain the advantage of the excitation of higher radial modes of azimuthal surface waves one has first to know their dispersion properties. This paper generalizes the results of earlier papers by including a static axial magnetic field and considering the higher radial modes. The presence of the constant axial magnetic field removes the degeneracy in the wave spectrum with respect to the sign of the azimuthal wavenumber.
The leishmanicidal activity of artemisinin is mediated by cleavage of the endoperoxide bridge and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: De Sarkar Sritama , Sarkar Deblina , Sarkar Avijit , Dighal Aishwarya , Chakrabarti Sasanka , Staniek Katrin , Gille Lars , Chatterjee Mitali
Published: November 2018

Endoperoxides kill malaria parasitesviacleavage of their endoperoxide bridge by haem or iron, leading to generation of cytotoxic oxygen-centred radicals. In view of theLeishmaniaparasites having a relatively compromised anti-oxidant defense and high iron content, this study aims to establish the underlying mechanism(s) accounting for the apoptotic-like death ofLeishmaniapromastigotes by artemisinin, an endoperoxide. The formation of reactive oxygen species was confirmed by flow cytometry and was accompanied by inhibition of mitochondrial complexes I–III and II–III. However, this did not translate into a generation of mitochondrial superoxide or decrease in oxygen consumption, indicating minimal impairment of the electron transport chain. Artemisinin caused depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane along with a substantial depletion of adenosine triphosphatase (ATP), but it was not accompanied by enhancement of ATP hydrolysis. Collectively, the endoperoxide-mediated radical formation by artemisinin inLeishmaniapromastigotes was the key step for triggering its antileishmanial activity, leading secondarily to mitochondrial dysfunction indicating that endoperoxides represent a promising therapeutic strategy againstLeishmaniaworthy of pharmacological consideration.
Phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Hemiuroidea (Platyhelminthes, Neodermata:Trematoda) based on partial 28S rDNA sequences
Authors: Sokolov Sergey G. , Atopkin Dmitry M. , Urabe Misako , Gordeev Ilya I.
Published: November 2018

In the present paper, the phylogenetic relationships between genera, subfamilies and families of the Hemiuroidea are explored. Twelve new sequences of 28 rDNA and data taken from GenBank (NSBI) on 43 species affiliated to 34 genera were included in the analysis. Most of the hemiuroidean trematodes form two highly supported clades (A and B), which are sister groups to each other.Hemipera manterijoined withGonocercaspp. with moderate statistical support. This clade is basal relative to the clades A and B. Сlade A is polytomic and contains representatives of the families Accacoeliidae, Syncoeliidae, Didymozoidae, Hirudinellidae and Sclerodistomidae, and derogenid subfamilies Derogeninae and Halipeginae. At the same time, the Syncoeliidae, Hirudinellidae and Accacoeliidae form a well-supported monophyletic group. The phylogenetic relationship between Derogeninae and Halipeginae is poorly resolved. Сlade B unites the isoparorchiid, bunocotylid, lecithasterid and hemiurid trematodes. Our data re-establishes the family Bunocotylidae, which consists of two subfamilies, Opisthadeninae and Bunocotylinae, and theMachidatrema chilostoma+Hysterolecithoides frontilatusgroup. The Bunocotylidae is the sister group to the Hemiuridae + Lecithasteridae group and the Isoparorchiidae is a basal relative to the representatives of these three hemiuroid families.
Joint factorial structure of psychopathology and personality
Authors: Rosenström Tom , Gjerde Line C. , Krueger Robert F. , Aggen Steven H. , Czajkowski Nikolai Olavi , Gillespie Nathan A. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Torvik Fartein Ask , Ystrom Eivind
Published: November 2018

Background

Normative and pathological personality traits have rarely been integrated into a joint large-scale structural analysis with psychiatric disorders, although a recent study suggested they entail a common individual differences continuum.

Methods

We explored the joint factor structure of 11 psychiatric disorders, five personality-disorder trait domains (DSM-5 Section III), and five normative personality trait domains (the ‘Big Five’) in a population-based sample of 2796 Norwegian twins, aged 19‒46.

Results

Three factors could be interpreted: (i) a general risk factor for all psychopathology, (ii) a risk factor specific to internalizing disorders and traits, and (iii) a risk factor specific to externalizing disorders and traits. Heritability estimates for the three risk factor scores were 48% (95% CI 41‒54%), 35% (CI 28‒42%), and 37% (CI 31‒44%), respectively. All 11 disorders had uniform loadings on the general factor (congruence coefficient of 0.991 with uniformity). Ignoring sign and excluding the openness trait, this uniformity of factor loadings held for all the personality trait domains and all disorders (congruence 0.983).

Conclusions

Based on our findings, future research should investigate joint etiologic and transdiagnostic models for normative and pathological personality and other psychopathology.
Jumping to conclusions at first onset of psychosis predicts longer admissions, more compulsory admissions and police involvement over the next 4 years: the GAP study
Authors: Rodriguez Victoria , Ajnakina Olesya , Stilo Simona A. , Mondelli Valeria , Marques Tiago Reis , Trotta Antonella , Quattrone Diego , Gardner-Sood Poonam , Colizzi Marco , Wiffen Benjamin D. , Dazzan Paola , Di Forti Marta , Falcone M Aurora , David Anthony S. , Murray Robin M.
Published: November 2018

Background

Jumping to conclusions (JTC), which is the proneness to require less information before forming beliefs or making a decision, has been related to formation and maintenance of delusions. Using data from the National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Genetics and Psychosis (GAP) case–control study of first-episode psychosis (FEP), we set out to test whether the presence of JTC would predict poor clinical outcome at 4 years.

Methods

One-hundred and twenty-three FEP patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and the probabilistic reasoning ‘Beads’ Task at the time of recruitment. The sample was split into two groups based on the presence of JTC bias. Follow-up data over an average of 4 years were obtained concerning clinical course and outcomes (remission, intervention of police, use of involuntary treatment – the Mental Health Act (MHA) – and inpatient days).

Results

FEP who presented JTC at baseline were more likely during the follow-up period to be detained under the MHA [adjusted OR 15.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.92–83.54,p= 0.001], require intervention by the police (adjusted OR 14.95, 95% CI 2.68–83.34,p= 0.002) and have longer admissions (adjusted IRR = 5.03, 95% CI 1.91–13.24,p= 0.001). These associations were not accounted for by socio-demographic variables, IQ and symptom dimensions.

Conclusions

JTC in FEP is associated with poorer outcome as indicated and defined by more compulsion police intervention and longer periods of admission. Our findings raise the question of whether the implementation of specific interventions to reduce JTC, such as Metacognition Training, may be a useful addition in early psychosis intervention programmes.
Answer set programming and agents
Authors: Dyoub Abeer , Costantini Stefania , De Gasperis Giovanni
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we discuss the potential role of answer set programming (ASP) in the context of approaches to the development of agents and multi-agent systems especially in the realm of Computational Logic. After shortly recalling the main (computational-logic-based) agent-oriented frameworks, we introduce ASP; then, we discuss the usefulness of a potential integration of the two paradigms in a modular heterogeneous framework, and the feasibility of such integration. This also in the more general view of improving and empowering flexibility of agent-oriented frameworks. Relevant literature will be mentioned and discussed. Possible future directions and potential developments will be outlined.
Multi-AUV Cooperative Hunting Control with Improved Glasius Bio-inspired Neural Network
Authors: Chen Mingzhi , Zhu Daqi
Published: November 2018

Cooperative hunting with multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) not only needs the AUVs to cooperate, but also demands real-time path planning to catch up with evading targets. In this paper a time-based alliance mechanism to form efficient dynamic hunting alliances is proposed. After that, during the active hunting stage, an improved neural network model based on a Glasius Bio-inspired Neural Network (GBNN) is presented for path planning to immediately achieve tracking of an intelligent target. This study shows that the improved GBNN model has good performance in real-time hunting path planning. From the simulation studies as described in this paper, both the hunting alliance formation mechanism and the proposed real-time hunting path planning strategy show their advantages. The results show that the improved GBNN model proposed in this paper can work well in the control of multiple AUVs to hunt for intelligent evading targets in environments containing obstacles.
Consequentialism and Moral Worth
Authors: SHARADIN NATHANIEL
Published: November 2018

Sometimes, agents do the right thing for the right reason. What's the normative significance of this phenomenon? According to proponents of the special status view, when an agent acts for the right reason, her actions enjoy a special normative status, namely, worthiness. Proponents of this view claim that self-effacing forms of consequentialism cannot say this plausible thing, and, worse, are blocked from having a perspicuous view of matters by the self-effacing nature of their consequentialism. In this article, I argue that this claim is based on an illicit assumption. I show that whatever version of the special status view proponents of that view prefer, self-effacing consequentialists can adopt a version of it. Moreover, I show that proponents of extant versions of the special status view have reason to prefer the specific version of that view I articulate on behalf of self-effacing consequentialists.
Maternal and paternal trajectories of depressive symptoms predict family risk and children's emotional and behavioral problems after the birth of a sibling
Authors: Volling Brenda L. , Yu Tianyi , Gonzalez Richard , Tengelitsch Elizabeth , Stevenson Matthew M.
Published: November 2018

The current study examined trajectories of maternal and paternal depression in the year following the birth of an infant sibling, and relations with family risk factors and firstborn children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Latent class growth analysis was conducted on 231 families in a longitudinal investigation (prebirth and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postbirth) and revealed four classes of families: both mother and father low in depressive symptoms (40.7%); mother high–father low (25.1%); father high–mother low (24.7%), and both mother and father high (9.5%). Families with both mothers and fathers high on depressive symptoms were higher on marital negativity, parenting stress, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems, and lower on marital positivity and parental efficacy than other classes. Children, parents, and marital relationships were more problematic in families with fathers higher on depressive symptoms than in families in which mothers were higher, indicating the significant role of paternal support for firstborn children undergoing the transition to siblinghood. Maternal and paternal depression covaried with an accumulation of family risks over time, no doubt increasing the likelihood of children's problematic adjustment after the birth of their infant sibling.
The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and child's sex moderate the relationship between disaster-related prenatal maternal stress and autism spectrum disorder traits: The QF2011 Queensland flood study
Authors: Laplante David P. , Simcock Gabrielle , Cao-Lei Lei , Mouallem Maya , Elgbeili Guillaume , Brunet Alain , Cobham Vanessa , Kildea Sue , King Suzanne
Published: November 2018

The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter has been shown to play a role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Moreover, disaster-related prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has also been shown to be associated with ASD. However, no study to date has examined whether these two factors, either individually or in combination, are predictive of ASD traits in the same sample. We hypothesized that children, particularly boys, with the LL genotype exposed to high levels of disaster-related PNMS would exhibit higher levels of ASD traits compared to boys with the LS or SS genotypes and girls regardless of genotype. Genotype and ASD levels obtained using the Australian normed Autism Spectrum Rating Scales – Short Form were available for 105 30-month-old children exposed to varying levels of PNMS following the 2011 Queensland Flood. For boys, higher ASD traits were associated with the 5-HTTLPR LL genotype in combination with either a negative maternal appraisal of the flood, or high levels of maternal composite subjective stress, PSTD-like or peritraumatic dissociation symptoms. For girls, maternal peritraumatic dissociation levels in combination with the 5-HTTLPR LS or SS genotype were associated with higher ASD traits. The present findings are the first to demonstrate that children’s genotype moderates effects of disaster-related PNMS on ASD traits, with different pattern according to child sex.
Contents of a Bug-Out Bag
Authors: Ostrovskiy Grigory , Shemesh Amos J
Published: November 2018

A large number of civilian agencies have published guides and recommendations on how to assemble personal and family emergency kits. However, the kits resulting from following these guidelines are impractical, particularly in the event evacuation becomes necessary. This report describes an alternative approach to assembling an emergency kit.

OstrovskiyG, ShemeshAJ. Contents of a bug-out bag. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(6):647–649.