bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic test accuracy using digital retinal imaging in the detection of any diabetic retinopathy by graders in Vietnam, against a reference standard from the UK
Authors: Curran Katie , Congdon Nathan , Hoang Tung , Tran Huong , Nguyen Hue , Nguyen Quan , Lohfeld Lynne , Van Nguyen , Peto Tunde
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of trained nurses, mid‐level and senior ophthalmologists in Vietnam against a reference standard from the UK, and assess the impact of further training on graders.

Methods

Fundus photographs were taken and graded at two different time points by trained nurses, mid‐level ophthalmologists and senior ophthalmologists in Vietnam using the UK National Screening Committee classification system. A reference standard from the UK regraded all images in masked fashion and DTA was calculated using sensitivity and specificity (with 95% CIs), and positive and negative predictive values.

Results

Between September and November 2018, 431 people with diabetes attended diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in Southern Vietnam. The sensitivity for detecting any DR for all grader groups in Vietnam was low (<43%) against the reference standard in the UK. The sensitivity for detecting referable DR and referrable diabetic macular oedema was particularly low (<20%) for all grader groups. Subsequently, an additional subset of images from 138 consecutive patients screened from March to April 2021 was regraded in the UK to evaluate graders’ performance after additional training was delivered. A significant improvement in DTA among all grader groups in Vietnam was identified, with sensitivity for detecting any DR exceeding 85%. Nurses achieved the highest sensitivity for grading referable DR (76.9%, 60.3–88.3%) and mid‐level ophthalmologists attained the highest sensitivity for detecting referable maculopathy (77.5%, 61.2–88.6).

Conclusions

Grading accuracy was low in Vietnam in the first six months of implementing a training programme. Many factors may have contributed to poor grader performance, including inadequate training and feedback, insufficient time to participate in quality assurance testing and competing work responsibilities. After further training was delivered, DTA among all graders in Vietnam increased. Findings from this study are particularly important for DR programme planners in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Course of retinal ganglion cell loss and microglial activation in two models of neuronal degeneration
Authors: Josefa González Riquelme María , Lucas‐Ruiz Fernando , Boia Raquel , Raquel Santiago Ana , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel , Galindo‐Romero Caridad , Agudo‐Barriuso Marta
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Organotypic retinal cultures (COR) are inherently a model of retinal axotomy and detachment. In vivo, optic nerve axotomy causes degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Our objective is to evaluate and compare the time course of RGC death and the activation of microglial cells (MCs) in vivo and in vitro.

Methods

C57/Bl6 mice were used. For the in vitro model, retinas were dissected and cultured in supplemented medium, and axotomy in vivo was done to the left optic nerve. In both models, retinas were analyzed from 24 hours to 9 days. RGCs were immunodetected with Brn3a, MCs with Iba1 and the density in the medial retinal area was quantified for both populations.

Results

The loss of RGCs was similar in vivo and in vitro during the first days, but from 5 days onwards RGC loss is quicker and more abrupt in vitro than in vivo. MC morphology differs between both models and their density is smaller in vitro than in vivo at all time points.

Conclusions

RGCs loss in vitro and in vivo follows the same kinetics at early time points. Morphologically, MCs seem to be differently activated in both models, and because their density is lower in vitro than in vivo, it is possible that in vivo either MCs or circulating macrophages invade the retina to cope with RGC degeneration.
Characterization of primary and immortalized whale Müller Glial cells
Authors: Pereiro Xandra , Beriain Sandra , Rodriguez Lara , Ruzafa Noelia , Roiz‐Valle David , Maria Perez Freije Jose , Vecino Elena
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Müller cells are the principal glia of the retina, expressing growth factors, neurotransmitter transporters and antioxidant agents with an important role in preventing excitotoxic damage to neurons. Although fish Müller cells can be transformed into neurons, this has never been described in mammals. In the present study, whale Müller cells were cultured and immortalized, with the aim of analysing the molecular characteristics as well as the division rate in vitro of primary and immortalized whale Müller cells.

Methods

The eye of Balaenoptera borealis was obtained, retina was isolated and Müller cells were cultured. Half of the cultures were immortalized with simian virus 40 T‐antigen. Primary as well as immortalized Müller cultures were grown until primary cells reached senescence. Specific Müller molecules, dedifferentiated, neuronal precursors and neuronal markers were studied in both primary and immortalized cells. Ultrastructural morphology was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the proliferation kinetics (time between divisions, percentage of dividing cells and division duration) was analyzed by time‐lapse. Karyotype characterization was performed in immortalized whale Müller cells.

Results

Whale Müller cells were immortalized after 10 passages and approximately 2 months of culturing. Müller markers were preserved, while expression of dedifferentiation markers was observed after the 5th passage. At high passages, neuronal precursor markers were weakly expressed. In addition, immortalized cells were stained extensively with neuronal markers. Immortalized Müller immunostaining and SEM revealed heterogeneous cell morphologies due to changes in the cytoskeleton. The proliferation kinetics demonstrated that primary whale Müller cells divide every 23 hr, approximately, while after the immortalization process the time between divisions increased to 29 hr.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we have generated a cell line from whale Müller cells that maintains primary Müller characteristics but presents a partially dedifferentiated state. In addition, we present a detailed analysis of the rate of cell division during the immortalization process.

Supported by ELKARTEK KK‐2019/00086, MINECO‐Retos PID2019‐111139RB‐I00, Grupos UPV/EHU GIU2018/50.
The importance of monitoring wet age‐related macular degeneration patients during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A retrospective study of assessment of functional and structural outcomes
Authors: Tsiropoulos Georgios N. , Vallée Rodolphe , Gallo Castro Daniela , Ambresin Aude
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Intravitreal anti‐Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti‐VEGF) injections are the gold standard treatment for wet Age‐related Macular Degeneration (wet AMD). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), and the resulting confinement, led to the cancellation of many programmed intravitreal anti‐VEGF injection visits. We compared the functional and structural visual outcomes of patients that did not respect their intravitreal anti‐VEGF injection intervals during the period of confinement due to COVID‐19 (group 1) and those who respected them (group 2).

Methods

Wet AMD patients of Swiss Visio Montchoisi and RétinElysée were included. Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) changes between the first post‐ and last pre‐confinement visit were assessed, with favorable and unfavorable being the possible outcomes for each change.

Results

Group 1 (n = 89, 109 eyes) had 13.41% greater rate of unfavorable BCVA outcome and 38.27% greater rate of unfavorable OCT outcome than Group 2 (n = 96, 122 eyes) (p = 0.04, p < 0.0001, respectively). The multivariate analysis showed that the more the patients deviated from their programmed injections and the higher the BCVA pre‐confinement, the higher the rate of unfavorable BCVA outcome (p = 0.03, p = 0.02, respectively). The OCT changes were not a predictive factor for an unfavorable BCVA outcome. The rates of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and intraretinal fluid (IRF) increase in the first post‐confinement visit were higher in group 1 than in group 2 (p = 0.0004, p = 0.0374, respectively), with a relative increase of unfavorable OCT outcome of 200% and 66.67%, respectively.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 pandemic led many patients to refrain from their routine intravitreal anti‐VEGF injection visits, allowing us to analyze the role of designated intervals in the treatment of patients with wet AMD. During a next confinement due to COVID‐19, or circumstances similar to it, ophthalmologists should ensure the continuity of injections for their patients.

Bibliography

Fung THM et al. Addressing COVID‐19 fear to improve clinic attendance for patients with wet age‐related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 99: e285 (2021).

Colantuono D et al. AMD management during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Acta Ophthalmol 98, e925–e925 (2020).
Vascular remodelling after treatment with intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Kirkova Radina , Murgova Snezhana , Tanev Ivan
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Age‐related macular degeneration /AMD/ is a progressive, degenerative disease, involving the central retina. It is among leading causes for blindness worldwide. It is subdivided into three forms: “dry” /atrophic/, exudative and neovascular /nAMD/. Neovascular form is characterized by the presence of choroidal neovascularization /CNV/. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of treatment of nAMD with intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor /anti‐VEGF/.

Methods

We performed a full ophthalmic examination /best corrected visual acuity for distance and near, tonometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy and optic coherence tomography – angiography OCT‐A/ of 152 patients with nAMD. After full examination and evaluation, patients were treated with intravitreal anti‐VEGF, according to protocol – 3 loading doses every 40 days.

Results

We subdivided the patients in different groups, according to morphologic characteristics of their neovascular membranes, based on OCT‐A.

Conclusions

The morphologic type of neovascular membrane on OCT‐A is strongly related to the responce and effect of treatment.
Deposition of electrically conductive zirconium monoxide via plasma spray‐physical vapor deposition
Authors: Harder Bryan J. , Good Brian , Schmitt Michael , Kowalski Ben , Koszegi Giacomo , Johnson Matthew T. , Faber Katherine T.
Published: January 2022

A condensed phase of zirconium monoxide (ZrO) was detected in YSZ (Zr0.92Y0.08O2‐δ) coatings deposited using plasma spray‐physical vapor deposition. The rapid cooling rate of this process can result in the condensation of nonequilibrium states that can be kinetically trapped in the coatings. The columnar microstructure contained a mixture of YSZ, ZrO2, and ZrO phases. The ZrO phase was expected to be conductive based on density functional theory calculations, and preliminary impedance measurements were performed that supported this prediction. When heated in an oxygen‐containing environment, the ZrO phase remains in the coating until ∼450 K, at which point it disappears quickly, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric methods. The loss of ZrO in the coating was also linked to a loss in electrical conductivity. However, it was shown that this phase can persist at elevated temperatures of ∼1000 K in vacuum or inert environments for at least 100 h.
Deformation and bending strength of high‐performance lead‐free piezoceramics
Authors: Lalitha K. V. , Isaia Daniel , Gong Wen , Wu Chaofeng , Li Yingwei , Rödel Jürgen
Published: January 2022

Bending strength of commercially relevant lead‐free piezoceramics – 0.935Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.065BaTiO3 (NBT‐6.5BT) with and without acceptor Zn‐doping and 0.92(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3‐0.02(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3‐xBaZrO3; x = 0.06, 0.07 (KNN‐BZ100x) have been quantified using 4‐point bending tests and contrasted to that of commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT, PIC151). The compressive and tensile strength probed using additional strain gauges under 4‐point bending indicate negligible non‐linear deformation, in stark contrast to that of commercial PIC151. The bending strength of KNN‐BZ100x is about 100 MPa, comparable to PIC151, while that of NBT‐6.5BT‐based materials is about twice that of PIC151 at ∼160 MPa. These results are rationalized based on the intrinsic characteristics of the lead‐free piezoceramics in terms of fracture toughness, coercive stress, and Young's modulus. Weibull statistics indicate a higher fracture probability for KNN‐based materials, with NBT‐6.5BT‐based materials featuring Weibull modulus twice that of KNN‐based materials.
Deep red upconversion photoluminescence in Er3+‐doped Yb3Ga5O12 nanocrystalline garnet
Authors: Netolicky Tomas , Strizik Lukas , Benes Ludvik , Melanova Klara , Slang Stanislav , Wagner Tomas
Published: January 2022

The nanocrystalline single‐phase Er3+‐doped Yb3Ga5O12 garnets have been prepared by the sol‐gel combustion technique with a crystallite size of ≈30 nm. The presence of Yb3+ in garnet hosts allows their efficient excitation at the ≈977 nm wavelength. The Er3+ doping of Yb3Ga5O12 garnet host results in deep red Er3+: 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) emission. The dominance of the red UCPL emission over the green Er3+: 4F7/2/2H11/2/4S3/2 → 4I15/2 component was investigated using the measurement of the steady‐state and time‐dependent Er3+ and Yb3+ emission spectra in combination with the power‐dependent UCPL emission intensity. The proposed upconversion mechanism is discussed in terms of the Er3+ → Yb3+ energy back transfer process as well as Yb3+(Er3+) → Er3+ energy transfer and Er3+ ↔ Er3+ cross‐relaxation processes. The studied Er3+‐doped Yb3Ga5O12 garnet may be utilized as a red upconversion emitting phosphor.
Home‐dwelling older adults' attitudes and perceptions of dementia: A Q‐methodological study in South Korea
Authors: Ha Eun‐Ho
Published: January 2022

Aim

Older adult attitudes and perceptions of dementia can have a major impact on early diagnosis, efforts to prevent and appropriately treat it, as well as being a family burden. The aim of this study is to explore attitudes and perceptions of dementia of home‐dwelling older adults using Q‐methodology.

Method

A total of 42 adults, age 65 or over, who live in South Korea ranked 37 Q statements about their attitudes and perceptions of dementia into A Q sort table grid.

Results

The following three distinct viewpoints were extracted: (1) it is my responsibility to prevent and to care about dementia (family‐centered view); (2) there are no ways to treat dementia (despairing views); and (3) dementia is a national responsibility (nation‐centered view).

Conclusion

Based on these results, central and local government and communities should work together with older adults to manage dementia and reflect these three viewpoints when developing systematic dementia management programs.
Development and validation of the patient centeredness index for primary care
Authors: Rose Gail L. , Bonnell Levi N. , O'Rourke‐Lavoie Jennifer B. , van Eeghen Constance , Reynolds Paula , Pomeroy Doug , Clifton Jessica , Scholle Sarah Hudson , Natkin Lisa W. , Callas Peter , Hitt Juvena R. , Crocker Abigail M. , Littenberg Benjamin
Published: January 2022

Aims and Objectives

To describe the development of the Patient Centeredness Index (PCI), evaluate its psychometric characteristics and evaluate the relationships between scores on the PCI and an established measure of empathy.

Background

Patient centeredness helps patients manage multiple chronic conditions with their providers, nurses and other team members. However, no instrument exists for evaluating patient centeredness within primary care practices treating this population.

Design

Multi‐site instrument development and validation. STROBE reporting guidelines were followed.

Methods

To identify themes, we consulted literature on patient centeredness and engaged stakeholders who had or were caring for people with multiple chronic conditions (n = 7). We composed and refined items to represent those themes with input from clinicians and researchers. To evaluate reliability and convergent validity, we administered surveys to participants (n = 3622) with chronic conditions recruited from 44 primary care practices for a large‐scale cluster randomised clinical trial of the effects of a practice‐level intervention on patient and practice‐level outcomes. Participants chose to complete the 16‐item survey online, on paper or by phone. Surveys assessed demographics, number of chronic conditions and ratings of provider empathy. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to model the interrelationships among items.

Results

A single factor explained 93% of total variance. Factor loadings ranged from 0.55–0.85, and item‐test correlations were ≥.67. Cronbach's alpha was .93. A moderate, linear correlation with ratings of provider's empathy (r = .65) supports convergent validity.

Conclusions

The PCI is a new tool for obtaining patient perceptions of the patient centeredness of their primary care practice. The PCI shows acceptable reliability and evidence of convergent validity among patients managing chronic conditions.

Relevance to clinical practice

The PCI rapidly identifies patients' perspectives on patient centeredness of their practice, making it ideal for administration in busy primary care settings that aim to efficiently address patient‐identified needs.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.org Protocol ID: WLPS‐1409‐24372. Title: Integrating Behavioural Health and Primary Care for Comorbid Behavioural and Medical Problems (IBHPC).
Neuroendocrine mechanisms of reproductive dysfunctions in undernourished condition
Authors: Iwasa Takeshi , Yamamoto Yuri , Noguchi Hiroki , Takeda Asuka , Minato Saki , Kamada Shuhei , Imaizumi Junki , Kagawa Tomohiro , Yoshida Atsuko , Kawakita Takako , Yoshida Kanako
Published: January 2022

It is well known that undernourished conditions disturb female reproductive functions in many species, including humans. These alterations are mainly caused by a reduction in gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. Evidence from the literature suggests that some hypothalamic factors play pivotal roles in the coordination of reproductive functions and energy homeostasis in response to environmental cues and internal nutritional status. Generally, anorexigenic/satiety‐related factors, such as leptin, alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, and proopiomelanocortin, promote GnRH secretion, whereas orexigenic factors, such as neuropeptide Y, agouti‐related protein, orexin, and ghrelin, attenuate GnRH secretion. Conversely, gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone, which exerts anti‐GnRH and gonadotrophic effects, promotes feeding behavior in many species. In addition, the activity of kisspeptin, which is a potent stimulator of GnRH, is reduced by undernourished conditions. Under normal nutritional conditions, these factors are coordinated to maintain both feeding behavior and reproductive functions. However, in undernourished conditions their activity levels are markedly altered to promote feeding behavior and temporarily suppress reproductive functions, in order to prioritize the survival of the individual over that of the species.
Nationalising foreigners: The making of American national identity
Authors: Waldinger Roger , Soehl Thomas , Luthra Renee Reichl
Published: January 2022

Whereas the literature asks whether immigrants and their descendants come to resemble the ‘mainstream’, this paper places the acquisition of a new national identity at the centre of attention, contending that the views of ethnic outsiders provide strategic leverage in identifying any underlying consensus regarding the bounds of the nation and the means by which those bounds should be implemented. We contend that becoming ‘American’ entails adopting American attitudes towards persons beyond the territorial divide, a population that includes nationals of one's country of origin or ancestry. The paper develops a conceptual framework to understand how attachment to the people of the state of emigration gets transformed into attachment to the people of the state of immigration. The paper provides a demonstration of that process, focusing on Mexican immigrants and their descendants and using a variety of data sources to highlight and unpack different dimensions of Americanisation.
Dissecting how fine roots function
Authors: Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar J.
Published: January 2022

This article is a Commentary on Colombi et al. (2022), 233: 1542–1547.
Forbidden fruits? Ecosystem services from seed dispersal by fruit bats in the context of latent zoonotic risk
Authors: Deshpande Kadambari , Vanak Abi T. , Devy M. Soubadra , Krishnaswamy Jagdish
Published: January 2022

Old world fruit bats are important seed dispersers of forest plants as well as of commercial fruit crops. Bats scatter seeds across landscapes and also aggregate (clump) seeds under feeding and roosting trees. In agroforestry landscapes, bat frugivory and seed dispersal can result in simultaneous accrual of socio‐economic benefits and costs to humans, which may be further affected by human health risks from zoonotic spillover through human–bat interactions. In our study, we used an integrated approach to assess socio‐economic benefits (from seed dispersal) and costs (from frugivory) from bats, in relation to latent zoonotic risk. We carried out the study in five agroforestry landscapes along India's Western Ghats, for selected commercial fruit crops (cashew, areca, banana and other pulpy/fleshy fruits). Specifically, we hypothesized that people's perceptions of benefits from fruit bats would be correlated with measured extents of clumped seed dispersal in fruit plantations. We conducted ecological studies to investigate the effects of fruit crop type and plantation attributes on clump‐dispersal, and in turn, on perceived ‘net benefits' assessed from interviews with plantation‐associated people. We then explored associations between perceived socio‐economic net benefits and spatial data on disease risk factors for fruit bat‐linked henipavirus transmission. We found that the extent of bat‐mediated clump‐dispersal was highest for cashew, especially in isolated plantations. People's perceptions of benefits from fruit bats matched the measured extents of clump‐dispersal of cashew and areca. These benefits came with some costs from scatter‐dispersal and damage to other fleshy fruits from frugivory by bats. Interestingly, we did not detect tradeoffs between perceived net benefits from bats and disease risk, which is of significance for bat conservation and its implications for human well‐being. Overall, our results highlight that bat‐mediated seed dispersal needs to be sustained as an important ecosystem service, despite some latent zoonotic risk, in the Anthropocene
Clinical applications of personalising the neural components of visual image quality metrics for individual eyes
Authors: Hastings Gareth D , Applegate Raymond A , Schill Alexander W , Hu Chuan , Coates Daniel R , Marsack Jason D
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Eyecare is evolving increasingly personalised corrections and increasingly personalised evaluations of corrections on‐eye. This report describes individualising optical and neural components of the VSX (visual Strehl) metric and evaluates personalisation using two clinical applications. (1) Better understanding visual experience: While VSX tracks visual performance in typical eyes, non‐individualised metrics underestimated visual performance in highly aberrated eyes – could this be understood by personalising metrics? (2) Metric‐optimised objective spherocylindrical refractions in typical and atypical eyes have used neural weighting functions of typical eyes – will personalisation affect the outcome in clinical 0.25D steps?

Methods

Orientation‐specific neural contrast sensitivity was measured in four typical myopic and astigmatic eyes and six eyes with keratoconus. Wavefront error was measured in all eyes while uncorrected and when the keratoconic eyes wore wavefront‐guided scleral lenses. Total experiment duration was 24–28 h per subject. Two versions of VSX were calculated for each application: one weighted ocular optics with measured neural contrast sensitivity data from that eye, another weighted optics with a representative neural function of typical eyes. Wavefront‐guided corrections were evaluated using the two metric values. Spherocylindrical corrections that optimised each metric were identified.

Results

Metric values for keratoconic eyes improved by a mean factor of 1.99 (~0.3 log units) when personalised. Applying this factor to a larger sample of eyes from a previous keratoconus study reconciled dissonances between the percentage of eyes reaching normative best‐corrected metric levels and the percentages of eyes reaching normative levels of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Spherocylindrical corrections that optimised both versions of VSX were clinically equivalent (mean ± SD Euclidean dioptric difference 0.13 ± 0.18 D).

Conclusions

Personalising visual image quality metrics is beneficial when actual metric values are used (evaluating ophthalmic corrections on‐eye against norms) and when fine increments in visual quality are imparted (wavefront‐guided corrections). However, partially individualised metrics appear adequate when metrics relatively rank spherocylindrical corrections in 0.25 D steps.
Impact of foot health behavior among ethnic minority populations: A cross‐sectional population‐based study
Authors: Pérez‐Belloso Ana‐Juana , Montaño‐Jiménez Pedro , Algaba‐del‐Castillo José , Coheña‐Jiménez Manuel
Published: January 2022

Objective

To analyze the impact of the foot health and health behavior and the characteristics of outdoor footwear among minority ethnic groups.

Design and measures

A cross‐sectional study design using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire: foot pain, foot function, shoe, general foot health, general health, physical activity, social capacity, and vigor. Outcomes included the self‐reported type of outdoor footwear and clinical characteristics by sex were collected in 2019–2020.

Sample

A total of 78 Roma participants self‐identified as members of this ethnic minority and 72 participants non‐Roma were assessed (n = 150).

Results

The lower score values was recorded in the footwear and general foot health domains in Roma population. General population obtained higher scores in general health domains. The most common outdoor footwear types were running shoes and walking shoes in non‐Roma population, versus flip flops and slippers in Roma population. Clinical characteristics did not show any statistically significant differences (p < .05).

Conclusion

Roma people wear flip flops and slippers and non‐Roma people running shoes and walking shoes. These findings reveal cultural differences that make it easier for the Roma population to experience a greater burden of foot health problems. General foot health and foot pain dimensions show statistically significant differences among ethnicity.
Roles of alcohol use disorder and resilience in risk of suicide attempt in men: A Swedish population‐based cohort
Authors: Lannoy Séverine , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Edwards Alexis C.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been identified as a strong risk factor for suicide attempt. However, few studies have considered protective factors that may moderate this association, such as resilience.

Methods

We used longitudinal nationwide Swedish data of 903,333 males born 1960–1980 and 48,285 males born 1949–1951. We performed Cox proportional hazards models to test the role of AUD, resilience, and their interaction on risk for suicide attempt. We used co‐relative models to account for familial factors.

Results

Alcohol use disorder was strongly associated with increased risk of suicide attempt [hazard ratio (HR) = 12.22], while resilience was associated with reduced risk (HR = 0.73). Multiplicative interaction (HR = 1.21) showed that, in the context of AUD, the protective role of resilience on risk of suicide attempt was somewhat attenuated. Co‐relative analyses supported both familial liability and a possible causal pathway between AUD, resilience, and suicide attempt. In the cohort born 1949–1951, resilience subcomponents—social maturity, interests, psychological energy, home conditions, and emotional control—were all associated with reduced suicide attempt risk (HRs between 0.63 and 0.74).

Conclusion

While resilience is associated with reduced risk of suicide attempt, this effect is less pronounced in the context of AUD. These associations are potentially causal.
The role of toceranib phosphate in dogs with non‐mast cell neoplasia: A systematic review
Authors: Frezoulis Petros , Harper Aaron
Published: January 2022

The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has gained significant importance in veterinary cancer patients over the last decade. Toceranib phosphate has been licensed for the treatment of dogs with mast cell tumours. Its molecular similarity to sunitinib, a TKI used in human medicine, has led many veterinary oncologists to use this agent for multiple neoplastic diseases. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review of the evidence for the use of toceranib in dogs with non‐mast cell neoplasia. Two electronic databases were searched. Publications were included if toceranib was used as a treatment option in canine patients. Studies and case reports were excluded if toceranib was used as part of a multi‐modal treatment plan and response or outcome data related to toceranib therapy were not described. A total of 28 studies were included from 122 references. The most common types of neoplasias identified were neuroendocrine tumours, anal gland sac adenocarcinoma, and osteosarcoma. Multiple other neoplasias had one or two studies identified to describe the use of toceranib. Results of the study support that toceranib phosphate may have efficacy against certain types of neoplasia under certain conditions, such as neuroendocrine tumours, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and anal sac adenocarcinomas, while it is probably not effective for the management of metastatic osteosarcoma based on the findings of the review.
The adoption of environmental strategies in large Colombian businesses
Authors: Fúquene Retamoso Carlos
Published: January 2022

This research explains the adoption of environmental strategies of large companies in Colombia. Large companies play an important role in global environmental issues, aimed at controlling climate change and resource scarcity.They are increasingly expected to address these environmental issues. However, companies adopt different strategies; some companies focus primarily on environmental compliance, while others implement new technologies and adopt proactive strategies such as eco-design, cleaner production and industrial symbiosis for waste recycling and shared resources in green systems design.
La chagrita de Asograng
Authors:   Asociación de Granjeros de Guatiquía (ASOGRANG),   Voluntariado Javeriano,   Centro Pastoral San Francisco Javier,   Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Published: January 2022

“CHAGRITA” es una palabra traída por el socio Ramón Ángel Restrepo, utilizada en 1948 para referirse a una finca pequeña en la región de Caldas. Esta cartilla es una herramienta de consulta que aporta conocimientos en agricultura urbana y producción de abonos, dirigida a quienes quieran conectarse con los procesos con la tierra, así como con el cultivo de sus propios alimentos. Contiene los aspectos necesarios para la implementación de procesos, la conservación de los recursos, la recuperación y aprovechamiento del espacio público, los paisajes y la conservación del medio ambiente.
The PIKK-AKT connection in the DNA damage response
Authors: Shin Sejeong , Walker Katherine A. , Yoon Sang-Oh
Published: January 2022

A path to overcome cancer resistance to DNA damage–associated therapy is uncovered (Liu
et al.
, 04 January 2022).
Needle in a Whey-Stack: PhRACS as a Discovery Tool for Unknown Phage-Host Combinations
Authors: Casey Eoghan , McDonnell Brian , White Kelsey , Stamou Panagiota , Crowley Tadhg , O’Neill Ian , Lavelle Katherine , Hayes Stephen , Lugli Gabriele A. , Arboleya Silvia , James Kieran , Ventura Marco , Martinez Ines , Gueimonde Miguel , dal Bello Fabio , Nally Ken , Mahony Jennifer , van Sinderen Douwe
Published: January 2022

PhRACS aims to bridge the current divide betweenin silicogenetic analyses (i.e., phageomic studies) and traditional culture-based methodology. Through the labeling of specific bacterial hosts with fluorescently tagged recombinant phage receptor binding proteins and the isolation of tagged cells using flow cytometry, PhRACS allows the full potential of phageomic data to be realized in the wet laboratory.
DNA Methylation in
Ensifer
Species during Free-Living Growth and during Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis with
Medicago
spp.
Authors: diCenzo George C. , Cangioli Lisa , Nicoud Quentin , Cheng Janis H. T. , Blow Matthew J. , Shapiro Nicole , Woyke Tanja , Biondi Emanuele G. , Alunni Benoît , Mengoni Alessio , Mergaert Peter
Published: January 2022

Nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in symbiosis with legumes is economically and ecologically important. The symbiosis can involve a complex bacterial transformation—terminal differentiation—that includes major shifts in the transcriptome and cell cycle.
Disentangling the Ecological Processes Shaping the Latitudinal Pattern of Phytoplankton Communities in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Xu Zhimeng , Cheung Shunyan , Endo Hisashi , Xia Xiaomin , Wu Wenxue , Chen Bingzhang , Ho Ngai Hei Ernest , Suzuki Koji , Li Meng , Liu Hongbin
Published: January 2022

Phytoplankton are diverse and abundant as primary producers in the ocean, with diversity and community compositions varying spatially. How fundamental processes (e.g., selection, dispersal, and drift) regulate their global biogeography remains to be comprehensively explored.
Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals that the Assembly of Functional Genes and Taxa Varied Highly and Lacked Redundancy in the Earthworm Gut Compared with Soil under Vanadium Stress
Authors: Xia Rong , Shi Yu , Wang Xinwei , Wu Yunling , Sun Mingming , Hu Feng
Published: January 2022

Metagenomic sequencing revealed the variation of functional genes in the microbial community in soil and earthworm gut with increasing vanadium concentrations, which provided a new insight to explore the effect of vanadium stress on microbial community assembly from the perspective of functional genes. Our results reinforced the view that functional genes and taxa do not appear to have a simple corresponding relationship.
Prone position plexopathy: an avoidable complication of prone positioning for COVID-19 pneumonitis?
Authors: King-Robson Josh , Bates Eleanor , Sokolov Elisaveta , Hadden Robert D M
Published: January 2022

Prone positioning is a mainstay of management for those presenting to the intensive care unit with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19. While this is a necessary and life-saving intervention in selected patients, careful positioning and meticulous care are required to prevent compression and traction of the brachial plexus, and resultant brachial plexopathy. We describe two patients who developed a brachial plexus injury while undergoing prone positioning for management of COVID-19 pneumonitis. Both patients were diabetic and underwent prolonged periods in the prone position during which the plexopathy affected arm was abducted for 19 and 55 hours, respectively. We discuss strategies to reduce the risk of this rare but potentially disabling complication of prone positioning.
Effect of dexamethasone as an analgesic adjuvant to multimodal pain treatment after total knee arthroplasty: randomised clinical trial
Authors: Gasbjerg Kasper Smidt , Hägi-Pedersen Daniel , Lunn Troels Haxholdt , Laursen Christina Cleveland , Holmqvist Majken , Vinstrup Louise Ørts , Ammitzboell Mette , Jakobsen Karina , Jensen Mette Skov , Pallesen Marie Jøhnk , Bagger Jens , Lindholm Peter , Pedersen Niels Anker , Schrøder Henrik Morville , Lindberg-Larsen Martin , Nørskov Anders Kehlet , Thybo Kasper Højgaard , Brorson Stig , Overgaard Søren , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Mathiesen Ole
Published: January 2022

Objective

To investigate the effects of one and two doses of intravenous dexamethasone in patients after total knee arthroplasty.

Design

Randomised, blinded, placebo controlled trial with follow-up at 90 days.

Setting

Five Danish hospitals, September 2018 to March 2020.

Participants

485 adult participants undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

Intervention

A computer generated randomised sequence stratified for site was used to allocate participants to one of three groups: DX1 (dexamethasone (24 mg)+placebo); DX2 (dexamethasone (24 mg)+dexamethasone (24 mg)); or placebo (placebo+placebo). The intervention was given preoperatively and after 24 hours. Participants, investigators, and outcome assessors were blinded. All participants received paracetamol, ibuprofen, and local infiltration analgesia.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was total intravenous morphine consumption 0 to 48 hours postoperatively. Multiplicity adjusted threshold for statistical significance was P<0.017 and minimal important difference was 10 mg morphine. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain.

Results

485 participants were randomised: 161 to DX1, 162 to DX2, and 162 to placebo. Data from 472 participants (97.3%) were included in the primary outcome analysis. The median (interquartile range) morphine consumptions at 0-48 hours were: DX1 37.9 mg (20.7 to 56.7); DX2 35.0 mg (20.6 to 52.0); and placebo 43.0 mg (28.7 to 64.0). Hodges-Lehmann median differences between groups were: −2.7 mg (98.3% confidence interval −9.3 to 3.7), P=0.30 between DX1 and DX2; 7.8 mg (0.7 to 14.7), P=0.008 between DX1 and placebo; and 10.7 mg (4.0 to 17.3), P<0.001 between DX2 and placebo. Postoperative pain was reduced at 24 hours with one dose, and at 48 hours with two doses, of dexamethasone.

Conclusion

Two doses of dexamethasone reduced morphine consumption during 48 hours after total knee arthroplasty and reduced postoperative pain.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov
NCT03506789
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Electronic information systems for One Health surveillance of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Oberin Madalene , Badger Skye , Faverjon Céline , Cameron Angus , Bannister-Tyrrell Melanie
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Electronic information systems (EIS) that implement a ‘One Health’ approach by integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data across the human, animal and environmental health sectors, have been identified as a global priority. However, evidence on the availability, technical capacities and effectiveness of such EIS is scarce.

Methods

Through a qualitative synthesis of evidence, this systematic scoping review aims to: identify EIS for AMR surveillance that operate across human, animal and environmental health sectors; describe their technical characteristics and capabilities; and assess whether there is evidence for the effectiveness of the various EIS for AMR surveillance. Studies and reports between 1 January 2000 and 21 July 2021 from peer-reviewed and grey literature in the English language were included.

Results

26 studies and reports were included in the final review, of which 27 EIS were described. None of the EIS integrated AMR data in a One Health approach across all three sectors. While there was a lack of evidence of thorough evaluations of the effectiveness of the identified EIS, several surveillance system effectiveness indicators were reported for most EIS. Standardised reporting of the effectiveness of EIS is recommended for future publications. The capabilities of the EIS varied in their technical design features, in terms of usability, data display tools and desired outputs. EIS that included interactive features, and geospatial maps are increasingly relevant for future trends in AMR data analytics.

Conclusion

No EIS for AMR surveillance was identified that was designed to integrate a broad range of AMR data from humans, animals and the environment, representing a major gap in global efforts to implement One Health approaches to address AMR.
Consumption of industrial processed foods and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women: the PRECAMA study
Authors: Romieu Isabelle , Khandpur Neha , Katsikari Aikaterini , Biessy Carine , Torres-Mejía Gabriela , Ángeles-Llerenas Angélica , Alvarado-Cabrero Isabel , Sánchez Gloria Inés , Maldonado Maria Elena , Porras Carolina , Rodriguez Ana Cecilia , Garmendia Maria Luisa , Chajés Vèronique , Aglago Elom K , Porter Peggy L , Lin MingGang , His Mathilde , Gunter Marc J , Huybrechts Inge , Rinaldi Sabina
Published: January 2022

Ultra-processed food intake has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer in Western populations. No data are available in the Latin American population although the consumption of ultra-processed foods is increasing rapidly in this region.

We evaluated the association of ultra-processed food intake to breast cancer risk in a case–control study including 525 cases (women aged 20–45 years) and 525 matched population-based controls from Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico. The degree of processing of foods was classified according to the NOVA classification.

Overall, the major contributors to ultra-processed food intake were ready-to-eat/heat foods (18.2%), cakes and desserts (16.7%), carbonated and industrial fruit juice beverages (16.7%), breakfast cereals (12.9%), sausages and reconstituted meat products (12.1%), industrial bread (6.1%), dairy products and derivatives (7.6%) and package savoury snacks (6.1%). Ultra-processed food intake was positively associated with the risk of breast cancer in adjusted models (ORT3-T1=1.93; 95% CI=1.11 to 3.35). Specifically, a higher risk was observed with oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer (ORT3-T1=2.44, (95% CI=1.01 to 5.90, P-trend=0.049), while no significant association was observed with oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer (ORT3-T1=1.87, 95% CI=0.43 to 8.13, P-trend=0.36).

Our findings suggest that the consumption of ultra-processed foods might increase the risk of breast cancer in young women in Latin America. Further studies should confirm these findings and disentangle specific mechanisms relating ultra-processed food intake and carcinogenic processes in the breast.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of implementing an integrated neonatal care kit to reduce neonatal infection in rural Pakistan
Authors: Muttalib Fiona , Chung Karen , Pell Lisa Grace , Ariff Shabina , Soofi Sajid , Morris Shaun K , Sander Beate
Published: January 2022

Objective

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of distribution of the integrated neonatal care kit (iNCK) by community health workers from the healthcare payer perspective in Rahimyar Khan, Pakistan.

Setting

Rahimyar Khan, Pakistan.

Participants

N/A.

Intervention

Cost-utility analysis using a Markov model based on cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT: NCT 02130856) data and a literature review. We compared distribution of the iNCK to pregnant mothers to local standard of care and followed infants over a lifetime horizon.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was incremental net monetary benefit (INMB, at a cost-effectiveness threshold of US$15.50), discounted at 3%. Secondary outcomes were life years, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and costs.

Results

At a cost-effectiveness threshold of US$15.50, distribution of the iNCK resulted in lower expected DALYs (28.7 vs 29.6 years) at lower expected cost (US$52.50 vs 55.20), translating to an INMB of US$10.22 per iNCK distributed. These results were sensitive to the baseline risk of infection, cost of the iNCK and the estimated effect of the iNCK on the relative risk of infection. At relative risks of infection below 0.79 and iNCK costs below US$25.90, the iNCK remained cost-effective compared with current local standard of care.

Conclusion

The distribution of the iNCK dominated the current local standard of care (ie, the iNCK is less costly and more effective than current care standards). Most of the cost-effectiveness of the iNCK was attributable to a reduction in neonatal infection.
High haemoglobin levels and mortality in males with intracerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Shuting , Shu Yang , Li Wenjing , Wei Chenchen , Deng Aiping , Cheng Yajun , Lei Peng , Liu Ming
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To examine the association between high haemoglobin levels and outcomes in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in a multicentre cohort study.

Design

Prospective multicentre cohort study.

Settings

21 tertiary hospitals across mainland China.

Participants

A total of 5318 consecutive in-hospital spontaneous ICH patients were recruited between January 2012 and June 2016.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Haemoglobin levels were measured on admission. Binary or ordinary logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent relationship of haemoglobin level with clinical outcomes at 3 months, measured as death or disability. Restricted cubic spline regression was fitted to examine the potential non-linear shape of the dose–response curve between the whole haemoglobin levels and 3-month poor outcomes.

Results

A total of 5031 patients with ICH were analysed (64.3% male; mean age (SD), 57.8 (15.2) years). We found that the highest haemoglobin quintile was associated with poor outcomes 3 months in males (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.65, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.25) but not in females, which was also observed in the pooled analysis of three subcohorts in male patients (average aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.33). The spline regression suggested a non-linear association between haemoglobin levels and outcomes and a linear relationship was observed between an elevated haemoglobin level and 3-month disability/death in males (haemoglobin level per 10 g/L: aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.40, p<0.001), which was mediated by larger haematoma volume (effect size: 0.115, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.231).

Conclusions

This study found a sex-specific association between an elevated haemoglobin level and poor 3-month outcomes, which might be mediated by larger haematoma volume.