bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Translocation of P66Shc Aggravates Cisplatin-induced
AKI by Promoting Ferroptosis
Authors: Yang Ming , Liu Yu-ting , Han Ya-chun , Zhang Wei , Zhang Hao , Yang Shikun
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To evaluate the regulatory mechanism between P66Shc and ferroptosis in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CP-AKI).

Method:

A CP-AKI model was constructed both in vivo and in vitro using C57BL/6 mice and HK-2 cells, respectively. Renal histopathological injury, reactive oxygen species(ROS), and apoptosis were detected. Some parameters of ferroptosis (e.g. 4HNE and GPX4) and the expression of P66Shc/ P-P66Shc both in mitochondria and cytoplasm were tested. In in vitro studies, HK-2 cells was incubated with CP (50 uM), additionally, Fer1 and P66Shc siRNA were applied to explore the molecular regulatory mechanism of P66Shc in ferroptosis. The levels of mitochondrial ROS, apoptosis and the expression of 4HNE,GPX4, P66Shc, and P-P66Shc were tested. Furthermore, the mitochondrial translocation of P66Shc was detected.

Results:

CP treatment caused elevation of Scr, BUN and renal MDA levels, and decreased renal SOD, GSH-PX and GPX4 levels. CP enhanced the expression of 4HNE, P66Shc and P-P66Shc both in vivo and in vitro. Renal oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly increased in CP-AKI mice. Electron microscopy examination indicated obvious mitochondria injury in renal tubular cells of CP-AKI mice. The level of ferroptosis and the translocation of P-P66Shc from the cytoplasm to mitochondria were significantly increased in HK-2 cells under CP condition, and these effects were obviously blocked by P66Shc siRNA treatment. Conversely, pretreatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor (Fer1) had no effect on the expression and mitochondria translocation of P-P66Shc under CP condition.

Conclusion:

Mitochondrial translocation of P66Shc could result in mitochondrial injury and lipid peroxide accumulation, which ultimately led to ferroptosis and aggravated CP-induced AKI.
Identification of Chemokines-Related miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in
Psoriasis Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhuang Haojun , Wang Xiaoming , Guo Meiliang , Meng Qinqin , Liu Na , Wei Min , Shi Yuling , Deng Hui
Published: August 2022

Background:

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disorder caused by the proliferation
of keratinocytes. Although psoriasis is generally diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, sensitive
biomarkers are needed to help diagnose psoriasis early with atypical presentations. MicroRNAs play a
functional role in the development of psoriasis, and they are stable and suitable as biomarkers in psoriasis.

Material and Methods:

The GSE50790 and GSE53552 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus
(GEO) database were used to identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) between the control
group and the lesional group. DEGs were processed for enrichment analysis to explore the functions,
and a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed to obtain gene clusters. The
signalling pathway associated with gene cluster 1 was processed to further identify related genes.
Hub genes were obtained through the intersection of cluster 1 and the related genes. Hub genes were
used to predict the miRNAs through a gene-miRNA interaction network. The relative expression of
miRNAs was measured by qRT-PCR to identify the suitability of miRNAs as biomarkers.

Results:

Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the chemokine signalling pathway is involved in the
development of psoriasis. Five related miRNAs were mined from the datasets, and qRT-PCR
showed that hsa-miR-612 (p=0.0015), hsa-miR-3194-5p (p=0.0078) and hsa-miR-4316 (p<0.0001)
may be potential biomarkers in psoriasis.
Effects of Fasting andPhoenix dactyliferaon the Expression of Major Drug- Metabolizing Enzymes in the Mouse Livers
Authors: Balasmeh Ruba , Jarrar Yazun , Al-Sheikh Iyad , Alshaiah Hamza , Jarrar Qais , Alani Raad , Abudahab Sara
Published: August 2022

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of consuming Phoenix dactylifera and fasting on the mRNA expression of major hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice.

Methods:

Phoenix dactylifera ethanolic extract was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. We used forty-two male Balb/c mice, which were treated with low (300 mg/kg) and high (2583 mg/kg) doses of Phoenix dactylifera and fasted for 24 hours, two weeks, and one month. Then, we analyzed the expression of cyp3a11, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and ugt2b1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. In addition, we assessed the relative liver weights of the mice and the hepatic phathohistological alterations.

Results:

We found that Phoenix dactylifera ethanolic extract contained 38 phytochemical compounds, mainly kaempherol, campesterol, lutein, apigenin, genistein, and isoquercetin. Fasting significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of several drug-metabolizing enzymes in a time-dependent manner and we showed that consuming the low dose of Phoenix dactylifera significantly upregulated the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes more than the high dose. The results of the histological examinations and relative liver weight showed that fasting and consuming of Phoenix dactylifera did not cause any toxicological alterations in the liver of the mice.

Conclusion:

It is concluded from this study that fasting and consuming of Phoenix dactylifera upregulated the mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing enzymes in mouse livers. These findings may explain, at least partly, the variation of drug response during fasting in the month of Ramadan and would direct future clinical studies in optimizing the dosing of pharmacotherapeutic regimen.
Peptide-based Nanomaterials: Self-assembly and Applications
Authors: Zou Qian Li , Yong Jin , Tan Lina , Huan Ren , Wu Li Fang , Bao Yanni , Ma Yu Chen
Published: August 2022

The self-assembly behavior of polypeptides is common in nature. Compared with monopeptides, polypeptide-based self-assembled nanomaterials with ordered structures have good thermal stability, mechanical stability, semi-conductivity, piezoelectric and optical properties. In recent years, the self-assembly of polypeptides has become a hot topic in the material science and biomedical field. By reasonably adjusting the molecular structure of the polypeptide and changing the external environment of the polypeptide, the polypeptide can be self-assembled or triggered by non-covalent bonding forces such as hydrogen bond, hydrophobicity, and π - π accumulation to form specific polypeptide assemblies such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanofibers, and micelles. Due to good biocompatibility and controllable degradability, polypeptide-based self-assembled nanomaterials have been widely used in the fields of nanotechnology, imaging technology, biosensor, and biomedical science. As a new drug delivery system, the polypeptide-drug conjugate has the advantages of low toxicity, high efficiency, enhanced drug stability, and avoiding side effects. This paper reviews the research progress of polypeptide-drug self-assembly nanostructure in recent years. Several structural models of polypeptide self-assembly technology and the mechanism of polypeptide self-assembly are introduced. Then the assembly form of polypeptide-drug self-assembly and the application of self-assembly compound therapy is described.
WITHDRAWN: Identification of Key Biomarkers for the Future Applications in Diagnostics and Targeted Therapy of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hameed Yasir , Ahmad Mukhtiar , Ejaz Samina , Liang Shufang
Published: August 2022

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
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Less Known but Clinically Relevant Comorbidities of Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review
Authors: Koraćević Goran , Stojković Milan , Stojanović Milovan , Zdravković Marija , Simić Dragan , Šalinger-Martinović Sonja , Đorđević Dragan , Damjanović Miodrag , Đorđević-Radojković Danijela , Koraćević Maja
Published: August 2022

Background:

The important risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population are not always equally important in specific and relatively prevalent diseases.

Objective:

The main goal of this narrative review is to focus attention on the presence and the relationship of AF with several important diseases, such as cancer or sepsis, in order to: 1) stimulate further research in the field, and 2) draw attention to this relationship and search for AF in clinical practice.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Elsevier, Wiley, Springer, Oxford Journals, Cambridge, SAGE, and Google Scholar for less-known comorbidities of AF. The search was limited to publications in English. No time limits were applied.

Results:

AF is widely represented in cardiovascular and other important diseases, even in those in which AF is rarely mentioned. In some specific clinical subsets of AF patients (e.g., patients with sepsis or cancer), the general risk factors for AF may not be so important. Patients with new-onset AF have a several-fold increase in relative risk of cancer, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) during the follow-up.

Conclusion:

AF presence, prognosis, and optimal therapeutic approach are insufficiently recognised in several prevalent diseases, including life-threatening ones. There is a need for a better search for AF in PTE, pulmonary oedema, aortic dissection, sepsis, cancer and several gastrointestinal diseases. Improved AF detection would influence treatment and improve outcomes.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Imidazolecarboxylate Salts via Sequential Nucleophilic Addition-Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Azizian Javad , Nazarahari Maryam
Published: August 2022

In this work, we used a highly efficient and easy approach for synthesizing imidazolecarboxylate salt through the reaction between α-amidino carboxylic acids and α-halo ketones with as readily available starting materials in the presence of KHCO3 at THF under reflux. Targeted synthesis of this type of imidazole bearing the carboxylic acid group in a single structure, in addition to the biological properties enriched as a ligand, is very popular in the manufacture of catalysts. The salient features of this protocol include eco-friendly, high atom-economical, easy and mild conditions that led to the production of all products with high yields. Furthermore, all products were purified without the need for column chromatography through the GAP chemistry (group-assisted purification chemistry) technique.
Comprehensive Insight into Synthetic Strategies of Enigmol and Its Analogs
as Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Kaur Parleen , Singh Vasundhara
Published: August 2022

1-Deoxysphingolipids are a class of sphingolipids which lacks the primary hydroxyl group
(C1-OH). Hence, it does not get converted/degraded to complex corresponding products like sphingosine-1-phosphate (SIP), a pro-mitotic. Enigmol, an orally bioavailable 1-deoxyphingolipid has shown
potential against various different types of cancer cells along with impressive cytotoxic/antiproliferative properties. Due to its unique structural properties, Enigmol and its analogs have
attracted considerable attention from synthetic organic chemists. This review provides an overview of
all the synthetic approaches being followed for the synthesis of Enigmol and its structural analogs.
Potential Role of Bilirubin in Preventing Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Zakerihamidi Maryam , Boskabadi Hassan , Shoeibi Naser , Bagheri Fatemeh , Pourbadakhshan Nafiseh , Moradi Ali
Published: August 2022

Background:

One of the most common problems in preterm neonates is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It has been shown antioxidants may be effective in preventing the development and progression of ROP. Considering the antioxidant properties of bilirubin, we decided to investi-gate the bilirubin level in neonates with ROP and compare it with healthy neonates.

Methods:

This case-control study was performed on VLBW neonates admitted to the NICU of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad between 2014 and 2020 for a Jaundice evaluation. Complete neonate’s characteristics, maternal history and laboratory results were collected in a questionnaire. Then the neonates were examined for ROP by a fellowship of the retina of an ophthalmologist at 32 weeks or four weeks after birth. The highest bilirubin levels during their hospitalization were also recorded.

Results:

Of 427 neonates examined, 121 (37.7%) had a normal eye examination, and 266 (62.3%) had ROP. The mean weight, gestational age and bilirubin were 1455.8 ± 431.4 grams, 31.6 ± 2.3 weeks and 8.8 ± 2.4 mg/dl, respectively. There was a significant difference between controls and neonates with ROP with regard to birth weight, duration of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), duration of oxygen therapy, first and fifth minute Apgar scores, the maximum level of bili-rubin and gestational age (P < 0.05). It was observed that the maximum level of bilirubin was lower in neonates with higher stages of ROP.

Conclusion:

According to the results of this study, higher levels of bilirubin in neonates may be a protective factor against ROP. Moreover, increased levels of bilirubin are associated with reduced severity of ROP. Therefore, prophylaxis phototherapy in premature infants may need to be recon-sidered.
MicroRNA 155, Factor XIII and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary
Heart Disease
Authors: Ntanyane Phasha Marry-Ann , Soma Prashilla , Rooy Mia-Jeanne Van , Phulukdaree Alisa
Published: August 2022

There is a rise in the number of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) in South Africa. Cardiovascular disease is among the macrovascular complication of type
2 diabetes mellitus and accounts for the high mortality rate in patients with T2DM. The disease is
characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypofibrinolysis
and hypercoagulation. The impairment of fibrinolysis, hyperactivation of coagulation and the
inflammatory pathways result in an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Factor
XIII-A is one of the key coagulation factors that play a crucial role in the last stage of the coagulation
cascade, and it has been shown to play a critical role in the development of thrombotic diseases.
In addition, several studies show the influence of FXIII-A polymorphisms on thrombotic diseases.
The influence of genetic variations such as single nucleotide variants and gene expression
regulators (micro-RNAs) are important factors involved in the hyperactivation of coagulation and
hypofibrinolysis. Thus, this review aims to summarise key aspects of coagulation, FXIII-A expression,
potential FXIII-A genetic variations and epigenetic mediators (micro-RNA-155) in T2DM
and patients with coronary artery disease.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel N-Alkyl-4-Methyl-2,2- Dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-Benzothiazine-3-Carboxamides as Promising Analgesics
Authors: Georgiyants Victoriya , Ukrainets Igor , Burian Anna , Voloshchuk Natali , Taran Illia , Shishkina Svitlana , Severina Hanna , Grinevich Lina , Sim Galina , Burian Kateryna
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

An analysis of the literature on the painkillers long used in traditional medicine, which are isolated from plant materials, has shown that many of them are alkylamides of various carboxylic acids. This fact served as the basis for the study of a large group of N-alkyl-4- methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxamides as potential new analgesics. The objects of the study were synthesized in the traditional way involving the initial conversion of 4-methyl- 2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1- benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid to imidazolide, in which imidazolide was used as an acylating agent. The method is simple to implement and, as a rule, gives high yields of final alkylamides. However, in reaction with sterically hindered tert-butylamine, along with the “normal” product, an unexpected formation of N-tert-butyl-4-methyl-1-(4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1- benzothiazine-3-carbonyl)-2,2-dioxo-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide was observed, which was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis as a monosolvate with N,N-dimethylformamide. These synthetic problems can be avoided using a more powerful acylating agent, 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H- 2λ6,1- benzothiazine-3-carbonyl chloride.

Background:

A large group of new N-alkyl-4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3- carboxamides was synthesized.

Objective:

On the basis of molecular docking, some derivatives of N-alkyl-4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H- 2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxamides have been designed. Their preliminary structure-activity relationships (SAR) have been studied. The most rational approaches to the synthesis of lead compounds have been developed. The most active compounds have shown high anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

Methods:

The structure of all compounds prepared has been confirmed by the data of elemental analysis, 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization liquid chromato-mass spectrometry. For rational drug design, optimization of further pharmacological screening and prediction of a possible mechanism of pharmacological action, molecular docking has been performed. For the determination of activity, pharmacological studies have been carried out.

Results:

Pharmacological tests have determined that the transition from N-aryl(heteroaryl) alkylamides to “pure” N-alkylamides we carried out is accompanied by a significant reduction and even complete loss of anti-inflammatory effect with remaining analgesic activity.

Conclusion:

According to the studies, compounds from N-alkyl-4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1- benzothiazine-3-carboxamides are potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.
Recent Insights on Synthetic Methods and Pharmacological Potential in
Relation with Structure of Benzothiazoles
Authors: Yadav Ranjeet Kumar , Kumar Rajnish , Singh Himanshu , Mazumdar Avijit , Salahuddin  , Chauhan Bharti , Abdullah Mohd. Mustaqeem
Published: August 2022

Benzothiazole is a bicyclic heterocyclic compound that contains benzene fused with 1, 3-
thiazole ring. Several researches established the potential of benzothiazoles as important moiety in
various adverse pharmacological conditions. Benzothiazole and its derivatives have been in use and
marketed as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-convulsant, antitumor,
etc. The variations in pharmacological potentials of benzothiazole and its derivatives have
been rational with their chemical structure. Nowadays, hybridization of two or more pharmacophores
to synthesize a single molecule with potent pharmacological action is used. This helps to
synergize pharmacological properties, make interaction possible with many targets, or minimize the
adverse effects associated with them. Several synthetic approaches have been reported for benzothiazole
and its derivatives. In this present review, we focused on recently adopted synthetic approaches
for the synthesis of the benzothiazole nucleus and its derivatives. The structure-activity relationship
in relation to different pharmacological activities has also been highlighted to provide a good
understanding to the researchers for future research on benzothiazoles.
Synthesis and In vitro Efficacy of Tetracyclic Benzothiazepines Against
Blood-Stage Plasmodium falciparum and Liver-Stage P. berghei
Authors: Gutteridge Clare E. , Sadowski Brett W. , Hughes Stephen M. , Friedlander J. Alan , Gaidry Alicia D. , Baxter Michael C. , Smith Matthew B. , Rodrigo Leighton G. , O'Neil Michael T. , Gerena Lucia , Lee Patricia J. , Sathunuru Ramadas , Gettayacamin Montip
Published: August 2022

Objective:

A series of novel, substituted tetracyclic benzothiazepines were designed and prepared in an effort to optimize potency of this chemical class against drug-resistant strains of the malaria parasite.

Method:

Tetracyclic benzothiazepines bearing structural modification at seven distinct positions within the structure were synthesized, in Knoevenagel condensation reactions followed by sequential intermolecular thio-Michael and then intramolecular imine formation reactions. Following purification and chemical characterization, the novel compounds were tested for in vitro efficacy against blood-stage P. falciparum and liver-stage P. berghei, and also for in vivo efficacy against P. berghei.

Results:

Benzothiazepines bearing structural modification at the sulfur atom and at the three carbocycles within the molecule were successfully synthesized. The majority of analogs inhibited blood-stage P. falciparum with submicromolar IC50 values. The potency of an 8-methoxy-substituted analog 12 exceeded that of chloroquine in all three P. falciparum strains tested. The parent benzothiazepine 1 possessed liver-stage activity, inhibiting P. berghei sporozoites infecting HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 106.4 nM and an IC90 of 408.9 nM, but failed to enhance the longevity of P. berghei infected mice compared to the controls. Compounds displayed modest toxicity toward HepG2 cells, and were tolerated by mice at the highest dose tested, 640 mg/kg/dose once daily for three days.

Conclusion:

The tetracyclic benzothiazepine described, which inhibits P. berghei infected hepatic cells with an IC50 of 106.4 nM, would appear to warrant further investigation. Optimization of ADME properties may be required, since the most active analogs are probably excessively lipophilic.
Assay of Trace Copper Ion in Water Resources Using a Photo-sensing
Diode Circuit
Authors: Cho In Hea , Choi Kwang Jin , Choi Jong Wan , Lee Kyung , Ly Suw Young , Kwak Ah Young , Youb Lee Joo
Published: August 2022

Background:

Trace copper play an important role in plant growth and is a biological component of various enzymes involved in both photosynthesis and plant respiration, in this study.

Objective:

Electrochemical voltammetric bio assay of trace copper ion was detected by using photo-sensing diode circuits (PSD) with a working sensors for ppb levels trace detection in agricultural water by stripping and cyclic voltammetry.

Results:

Optimum voltammetric conditions were examined. The system used was simple and inexpensive circuits of our fabricated systems, but low detection limit was attained at 40.0 ugL⁻¹.
Here can be attained to low detection limits better then common diagnostic analyzers.

Conclusion:

The developed technique can be used in determining trace amounts of copper, especially in detecting copper ions in agricultural water resources.
Technical Advances in the Chiral Separation of Anti-diabetic Drugs Using Analytical and Bio-analytical Methods: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Spandana Tatineni , Beeraka Narasimha Murthy , Hemanth Vikram Poola R , Goli Veera Venkata Nishanth , Devi Sri Chiriki , Gurupadayya Bannimath
Published: August 2022

Chirality seems to be a pivotal technique in the field of science. Research teams are quite well versed in empirical separation, however, at the same time, they are clueless about the evolution of chiral separation. As per the guidelines of the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), chiral drugs must be untangled before they are sold to the public. Stereogenic separation has gained prominence during the last 10 decades due to the disparate biological function of enantiomers in the stereogenic environment. Chiral drugs exhibit a wide range of bioavailability, distribution, and pharmacodynamic properties concomitantly they exert divergent pharmacological and toxicological properties. Enantiomeric chiral products could be considered safe and potent in combating various diseases including metabolic diseases like diabetes. Several studies have delineated the development of a novel analytical and bioanalytical method to detect/segregate/quantify chiral chemical components in medicinal chemistry. The same physicochemical characteristics of enantiomers have been proven to be beneficial to the estrangement of stereogenic compounds. Furthermore, the advancement of bioanalytical methods is also critical to shedding light on the destiny of distinct enantiomers in the biological environment. HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) and CE (Capillary Electrophoresis) have been the most commonly employed separation techniques. But the technical advances are required to enhance the efficiency of detection and quantification of chiral molecules on a large scale. The current review delineates the need for the chiral separation of stereogenic antidiabetic drug compounds with technical advances. Furthermore, this research is focused on the enantioseparation of chiral antidiabetic drugs and a brief overview of the analytical and bioanalytical methods conducted on distant chiral antidiabetic drugs to improve the efficiency of chiral separation.
A Molecular Approach of Caloric Restriction and Vitamins for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Rubio Carmen , Romo-Parra Héctor , Gatica Fernando , Rodríguez-Quintero Paola , Morales Zayra
Published: August 2022

Each year, cancer claims the lives of around 10.0 million people worldwide. Food components have been
shown to alter numerous intracellular signaling events that frequently go awry during carcinogenesis. Many studies
suggest that dietary behaviors involving the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods, as well as caloric restriction, may
play an important role in cancer prevention. Gene expression patterns, such as genetic polymorphisms, can influence
the response to food components by altering their specific action on targets, as well as absorption, metabolism, and
distribution, among other things. This review discusses two significant cancer prevention techniques: a vitamin-rich
diet and caloric restriction. It also discusses the possible molecular interactions between the two dietary strategies and
the first clues of a probable synergy that would come from combining caloric restriction with antioxidant use. Caloric
restriction diets have positive effects on life expectancy and enable avoidance of age-related illnesses. As a result, this
manuscript is based on the degenerative nature of cancer and intends to shed light on the biochemical features of not
just calorie restriction but also vitamins. Both are thought to have an effect on oxidative stress, autophagy, and signaling
pathways involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions.
Bioactive Polysaccharides from Microalgae: A Close Look at the Biomedical Applications
Authors: Depra Mariany C. , Dias Rosangela R. , Maroneze Mariana M. , Nascimento Tatiele C. , Severo Ihana A. , Zepka Leila Q. , Jacob-Lopes Eduardo
Published: August 2022

There is a current tendency towards bioactive natural products that can be used in different areas such as food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical. In the last decades, polysaccharides have attracted increasing interest because of their potent nontoxic effects, therapeutic properties, and diversified range of applications. Polysaccharides are complex and heterogeneous macromolecules constituted of different monosaccharides and, in some cases, of glucuronic acid and sulphate groups. Polysaccharides with biological activity can be derived from plants, animals and microorganisms, especially microalgae. Microalgae are considered one of the most promising sources of these compounds that have already proved to have several important biological properties. In this sense, our objective is to elucidate the use of bioactive polysaccharides from microalgae in biomedical applications, emphasizing the biological activity of these compounds. Furthermore, the microalgal biomass production systems and polysaccharides extraction methods were presented and discussed.
Microclimate and Efficiency Analysis of an Olive Rooting Cuttings Tunnel Greenhouse Type under Mediterranean Wintertime Climatic Conditions
Authors: Chakir Sanae , Bekraoui Adil , Majdoubi Hassan , Mouqallid Mhamed
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

The rooting of cuttings is a fundamental step in olive tree production. This preliminary step is favoured by specific environmental conditions, which demand strict and permanent control across the production system. Achieving these conditions poses a major challenge for propagators. In this context, the greenhouse production technique is the best response and most productive method used globally, including in the Mediterranean regions. This study aims to characterize the microclimate of a tunnel-type greenhouse according to Mediterranean wintertime climatic conditions in Morocco’s central region and assess its performance in fostering olive cutting growth.

Methods:

Evaluation of the efficiency of greenhouse microclimate is based on measured climatic parameters inside and outside the studied greenhouse. Also, we used a statistical data processing SPSS software for the identification regression analysis of the factors and key parameters determining the success of rooting of cuttings.

Results:

The experimentally obtained results clearly show for the first time that solar radiation is a determining factor for the success of rooting. The studied greenhouse type guarantees a homogeneous microclimate inside the greenhouse and allows a reduction of 66% of the external global solar radiation, which decreases transpiration and prevents leaf wilting. The results also show that the studied greenhouse system ensures an internal greenhouse air relative humidity close to saturation value and generally stable throughout the day, with a favourable value for successful rooting. However, the greenhouse air temperature was too high during the daytime and very low during the nighttime, indicating unfavorable rooting conditions.

Conclusion:

The results of this study can provide guidelines for propagators to improve greenhouse design and climate control to increase the yield and quality of this crop.
Genetics of Dravet Syndrome and its Targeted Therapy by Nanomedicine: A Roadmap for Future Treatment of Drug Resistant Seizures
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Rasheed Sufian
Published: August 2022

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), epilepsy is the 4th most prevalent neurological disorder after migraine, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease. There are numerous types of epileptic syndrome that are reported in children; one of them is Dravet syndrome. It is a neurological disorder of infants’ outset during the first year of life. Dravet syndrome is a genetically determined syndrome and the most studied form of genetic epilepsy. Nearly 70-80% of its cases are due to genetic alterations in the SCN1A gene, and almost 16% of cases are due to variations in the PCDH19 gene. Besides that, mutations in SCN1B, SCN2A, and GABRG2, including some novel genes, STXBP1, HCN1, and CDH2 have been observed in DS patients. It is a drug-resistant epileptic syndrome and its complete removal is still challenging. So, novel therapeutic techniques are being used to treat drug-resistant seizures. Recently, new strategies have been made to improve the neuron-specific targeting of AEDs encapsulated by nanocarriers. The nanocarriers will have a major contribution to nano-neuro medicines such as drug delivery, neuroimaging, neuroprotection, neurosurgery, and neuroregeneration. The nanotechnology-mediated techniques also have a fantastic success rate in gene therapy, as reported in recent years. The anti- epileptic drug delivery with the help of nanoparticles, at the targeted position, makes them applicable for the possible treatment of drug-resistant seizures and gives new hope to patients affected with it.
Cocoa Flavanols and the Aging Brain
Authors: Lalonde Robert , Strazielle Catherine
Published: August 2022

Partly because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, cocoa flavanols have
been examined in reversing age-related cognitive deficits. Epidemiological studies indicate a relation
between flavonoid intake and the prevention of dementia. In confirmation of this relation, several
pharmacological studies show the faster speed of responding and better executive performance
in flavanol-treated aged or young subjects. The lack of any effect appears in some studies, especially
in young subjects, perhaps due to the use of groups with high educational levels and the possibility
of a ceiling effect. In several studies, neuropsychological ameliorations were followed by increases
in cerebral blood flow. These results are in line with those of animal experimentation since
improvements have been found in motor and spatial performances of young and aging mice or rats
as well as animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Improvements are also
reported in biologic markers of Alzheimer’s disease, in particular an increase in soluble Aβ and a
decrease in tau hyperphosphorylation.
Significance of Chemically Derivatized Starch as Drug Carrier in
Developing Novel Drug Delivery Devices
Authors: Malik Mayank Kumar , Bhatt Pankaj , Kumar Tarun , Singh Jaspal , Kumar Vipin , Faruk Abdul , Fuloria Shivkanya , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar , Subrimanyan Vetriselvan , Kumar Sunil
Published: August 2022

Delivery of therapeutics using synthetic polymers is challenging due to toxicity, immunogenicity
and impaired bioavailability following administration. However, natural polymers are being
explored as safe for their use as a substitute for synthetic polymers. In the past three decades, the biomaterials
like starches have been applied to impart an imperative role in delivering therapeutics. There
is an increased focus on finding new sources of starches and their modifications. Hence, the derivatization
of starches has become necessary to achieve desired properties. The modifications to native
starch systems are being investigated to improve solubility, stability, bioavailability, etc., of an incorporated
drug (s) and lower-down induced toxicities. All these requirements have led to the use of modified
starches in the drug delivery of bioactive component(s). This review explores the current state of
knowledge about starch structure and chemical modification methods from perspectives. It integrates
aspects of its use in developing drug delivery devices like tablets, hydrogel, and patches. The information
provided in this review may be applied as a reference for future chemically modified starch as
excipients in drug carrier studies.
An Ethnobotanical and Phyto-Pharmacological Review on a Multifaceted
Ornate Flowering Plant ‘Thunbergia erecta’
Authors: Vyas Jayshree C. , Kochar Nitin I. , Vyas Khushbu B. , Chandewar Anil V.
Published: August 2022

Thunbergia erecta (Benth) T.Anderson (Meyenia erecta Benth) is an important therapeutic
and medicinal plant belonging to the family Acanthaceae. Commonly called bush clock vine,
king's mantel, potato bush, Nil Kantha, which is native to western Africa but commonly cultivated
in India and other Asian countries. The species is commonly grown as an ornamental plant due to its
bright flowers and is cultivated widely in the tropics. It is a decent source of alkaloids, flavonoids,
tannins, phenolic acids, iridoids, and glucosides. Traditionally, it is used for treating bile disorders,
insomnia, and depression, as a medicine given to children against worms and as an ingredient of
headache poultice. The studies encompassed in this review have been designated using numerous
databases, including Google Scholar, Pubmed, Wiley, Online Library, and Science Direct and covered
the period from 1863 onwards. Several studies demonstrated the exploration of the pharmacological
potential of various parts of plants for anthelminthic, anxiolytic, sedative, antimicrobial, antidiabetic,
anticholinesterases and antiaging agents. The Thunbergia erecta plants possess potential
pharmacological activity. The objective of the current review article is to put forward all relevant
published information regarding ethnobotanical studies, traditional uses, phytochemistry and therapeutic
potential, and other adequate background information on T. erecta that will contribute to establishing
the validity of the plant for its commercial usage.
Transformer Fault Diagnosis Based on an Improved Sine Cosine
Algorithm and BP Neural Network
Authors: Xiong Yan , Cheng Jiatang , Feng Zhichao
Published: August 2022

Background:

The operation state evaluation and fault location of the transformer is one
of the technical bottlenecks restricting the safe power grid operation.

Methods:

A hybrid intelligent method based on the Improved Sine Cosine Algorithm and BP neural
network (ISCA-BP) is developed to improve the accuracy of transformer fault diagnosis. First,
the cloud model is introduced into the Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) to determine the conversion
parameter of each individual to balance the global search and local exploitation capabilities. After
that, six popular benchmark functions are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Finally, based on the dissolved gas analysis technology, the improved SCA algorithm is
employed to find the optimal weight and threshold parameters of the BP neural network, and the
transformer fault classification model is established.

Results:

Simulation results indicate that the improved SCA algorithm exhibits strong competitiveness.
Furthermore, compared with the BP neural network optimized by the Sine Cosine Algorithm
(SCA-BP) and BP neural network, the ISCA-BP method can significantly improve the diagnostic
accuracy of transformer faults.

Conclusion:

The proposed intelligent method can provide a valuable reference idea for transformer
fault classification.
Artificial Intelligence: An Advanced Evolution In Forensic and Criminal
Investigation
Authors: Yadav Saurav , Yadav Shalini , Verma Preeti , Ojha Smriti , Mishra Sudhanshu
Published: August 2022

It is aimed, with the use of modern sciences and technologies and also the use of new,
latest and future technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to develop enhanced and extended
ways to promote the technology for forensics of all its sectors (AI). A program or computer program
is capable of carrying out human functions such as visual awareness, voice recognition, cognitive
reasoning, strategic thinking, understanding from experiences, and solving complicated issues
at a greater rate and with smaller mistake rates than humans. AI is also the most developing
sector for advances in the field of forensics and the system of justice. In today's situation, specialists
are faced with numerous problems because of enormous quantities of data, minute facts in the
chaotic and complex environment, traditional lab architecture, and sometimes inadequate information,
which might fail to do an inquiry or a miscarriage of justice. AI is a waffle to combat the
difficulties of machine learning and profound learning. Case-based reasoning for error-free and
objective outcomes in many forensic areas, neural networks, and reproductive results. The study
discusses AI's current and potential future uses in forensic science. Artificial intelligence may be
used in a variety of applications, including blood pattern recognition and analysis, crime scene
reconstruction, digital forensics, image processing, and, of course, satellite monitoring.
In vitro and In vivo Evaluation of Sunscreen Formulations Containing
Nanolipid Carriers
Authors: Sharma Bhawna , Chauhan Iti
Published: August 2022

The majority of sunscreen cosmetics are emulsions or creams. However, formulations
that use lipid nanoparticles as the delivery vehicle for sunscreen chemicals may offer benefits in
terms of skin retention, enhancement of penetration through the epidermal layer, and Ultraviolet
(UV) absorption and scattering. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers
(NLC) have been investigated to create sunscreen products with low or medium UV protection.
SLN and NLC have a wide range of characteristics and have been proven to effectively control
the entry of actives showing UV protection activity through the skin. They have no hazardous
effects; therefore, they can be employed safely in dermatological and cosmetic preparations to
obtain different traits. When utilized as vehicles for molecular sunscreens, lipid nanoparticles
showed a synergistic impact of UV scattering. The ability to minimize the concentration of the
molecular sunscreen, its potential adverse effects, and the expenses of formulating pricey sunscreens
are all advantages derived from these studies. The review discusses some research on how
lipid nanoparticles have been encapsulating sunscreen agents. Exposure to sunlight is a key element
in the aetiology of the gradual undesired changes in the skin look and physiology caused by
UV rays present in the sunshine; hence evaluating sunscreen activity is an essential aspect of the
cosmetic business. The author will also address some of the in vitro and in vivo assessments of
sunscreens.
Recent Progress in Hot Melt Extrusion Technology in Pharmaceutical
Dosage Form Design
Authors: Salave Sagar , Prayag Kedar , Rana Dhwani , Amate Prakash , Pardhe Rupali , Jadhav Ajinkya , Jindal Anil B , Benival Derajram
Published: August 2022

Background:

The Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) technique has shown tremendous potential in
transforming highly hydrophobic crystalline drug substances into amorphous solids without using solvents.
This review explores in detail the general considerations involved in the process of HME, its
applications and advances.

Objective:

The present review examines the physicochemical properties of polymers pertinent to the
HME process. Theoretical approaches for the screening of polymers are highlighted as a part of successful
HME processed drug products. The critical quality attributes associated with the process of
HME are also discussed in this review. HME plays a significant role in the dosage form design, and
the same has been mentioned with suitable examples. The role of HME in developing several sustained
release formulations, films, and implants is described along with the research carried out in a
similar domain.

Methods:

The method includes the collection of data from different search engines like PubMed, ScienceDirect,
and SciFinder to get coverage of relevant literature for accumulating appropriate information
regarding HME, its importance in pharmaceutical product development, and advanced applications.

Results:

HME is known to have advanced pharmaceutical applications in the domains related to 3D
printing, nanotechnology, and PAT technology. HME-based technologies explored using Design-of-
Experiments also lead to the systematic development of pharmaceutical formulations.

Conclusion:

HME remains an adaptable and differentiated technique for overall formulation development.
An Industrial Diligence of Behooveful Soil Microorganisms
Authors: S. Mane Someshree , B. Khaire Pravin , V. Pawar Sandesh
Published: August 2022

The increasing need for environmentally friendly products or substances is
driving the use of metabolites based on beneficial microorganisms. Soil is essential for
the maintenance of biodiversity above and below ground. Millions of microorganisms
live and reproduce in a few grams of topsoil, an ecosystem essential for life on earth.
Moreover, microorganisms are capable of producing chemical compounds that have
not been synthesized in the laboratory or can only be processed with considerable
difficulty. Not only do these soil microflorae play a significant role in the conservation
of soil quality, but they also play a vital role in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and
industrial applications. In this chapter, we address recent advances in the industrial
manufacture of chemical products by microorganisms.
Soil Microbes: Role in Agriculture Sustainability
Authors: Chand Kumhar Kishor , Nath Gupta Ramesh
Published: August 2022

 Soil is the basic and important medium that supports plant and microbial
communities for their growth and development. Soil, plants, and microorganisms
interact in various ways in nature. The interaction between plants and microbes may be
harmful or beneficial in the soil environment. The phytopathogens have harmful
effects, whereas antagonists may have beneficial effects on the plant community. The
antagonists are capable of controlling phytopathogens through different modes of
action. The antagonists may be fungi, bacteria, or actinomycetes under the category of
biological control agents (BCAs). Amongst the antagonists, the genus Trichoderma is
considered a superstar and the most widely exploited biological control agent. Besides
plant disease management, it has the potential to enhance vegetative plant growth and
resistance against biotic as well as abiotic stresses. In the last couple of years, public
interest has been switching from synthetic fungicides to non-chemical fungicides in the
agricultural sector. In such a situation, Trichoderma spp. could be an ideal option with
zero harm to the ecosystem and human health. In India, there are hundreds of
manufacturers and marketers of Trichoderma products. The majority of its products are
available in the form of wettable powder (WP) formulations with variable active
ingredients, whereas liquid formulations are very rare. Its formulations are mainly used
to manage soil-borne fungal phytopathogens such as species of Fusarium, Pythium,
Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Verticillium, etc., of cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruit, and
plantation crops. It can also control certain air-borne fungal phytopathogens such as
species of Alternaria, Curvularia, Colletotrichum, etc. It has great scope in the organic
agriculture scenario, and its usage in the crop production system has been increasing
day by day. The dose of its application for different crops, diseases, formulations, and
manufacturers is variable. However, it should, like synthetic fungicides, be uniform to
avoid unnecessary confusion and hesitation among the end-users.
Azolla: A Better Prospective for Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Sustainable Agriculture in Era of Climate Change
Authors: Chandra Priyanka , Sundha Parul , Rinki  , Verma Pooja , Santosh Savitha , Pandey Vanita
Published: August 2022

The use of nitrogen in an efficient way in agriculture has economic as well
as environmental challenges. Bio-fertilizers and green manures are eco-friendly and
economical sources for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for sustainable
agriculture. In the era of climate change, conjunctive application of both bio-fertilizers
and chemical fertilizers is required for soil health and sustainable yield as well. Azolla
is one of the Biofertilizer that has the potential to fix nitrogen biologically, increase
nitrogen recovery and enhance the rice yield. The regular application of Azolla
significantly increases soil organic nitrogen content, which is much more beneficial
than inorganic nitrogen. Azolla possesses the potential to mitigate major problems that
are of global concern and can be used as a multi-faceted biofertilizer. Usage of Azolla
in agriculture has various advantages as it has a positive impact on enhanced
productivity and reduces input costs. They are also involved in the bioremediation of
heavy metals and several toxic pollutants. Hence, it possesses great potential for its
usage as a biofertilizer in the era of climate change.