bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Duality for powerset coalgebras
Authors: Bezhanishvili Guram , Carai Luca , Morandi Patrick
Published: February 2022

Let CABA be the category of complete and atomic boolean algebras and complete
boolean homomorphisms, and let CSL be the category of complete
meet-semilattices and complete meet-homomorphisms. We show that the forgetful
functor from CABA to CSL has a left adjoint. This allows us to describe an
endofunctor H on CABA such that the category Alg(H) of algebras for H is dually
equivalent to the category Coalg(P) of coalgebras for the powerset endofunctor
P on Set. As a consequence, we derive Thomason duality from Tarski duality,
thus paralleling how J\'onsson-Tarski duality is derived from Stone duality.
Canonicity and homotopy canonicity for cubical type theory
Authors: Coquand Thierry , Huber Simon , Sattler Christian
Published: February 2022

Cubical type theory provides a constructive justification of homotopy type
theory. A crucial ingredient of cubical type theory is a path lifting operation
which is explained computationally by induction on the type involving several
non-canonical choices. We present in this article two canonicity results, both
proved by a sconing argument: a homotopy canonicity result, every natural
number is path equal to a numeral, even if we take away the equations defining
the lifting operation on the type structure, and a canonicity result, which
uses these equations in a crucial way. Both proofs are done internally in a
presheaf model.
Thermal Characterization of Graphene Based Composites
Authors: Sajit Rathin , Harinesh B , Jenarthanan M.P , Ramachandran M , Vidhya Prasanth
Published: February 2022

Graphene, an atomic thin two-dimensional carbonaceous nanomaterial, has exceptional electrical, mechanical and chemical properties. There is also great research interest in the development of two technologies. Since the discovery of graphene, this reliable Wide range of material applications Integrated,and many attempts have been made To modify the structure of graphene. Particular attention is paid. Graphene Derivatives Graphene Oxide Hole Graphene / Graphene oxide, recent Developments development of reduced Graphene oxide and graphene quantum points. In this chapter, the inherent properties of the definition and the different approaches to top-down and basically graphene derivatives are discussed below. This includes the formation of derivatives of graphene by chemical
oxidation. In addition, the bit and peel-out mechanism for creating graphene derivatives, which leads For a better understanding of Physics of graphene derivatives And chemical properties.
Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Characterisation of Polybutylene based Composites
Authors: Harinesh B , Sajit Rathin , Jenarthanan M. P , Ramachandran M , Chinnasami Sivaji
Published: February 2022

The active substance of Catalyst TiCl4 and support The microcrystalline is MgCl2. Has been Polybutylene composites, Mechanical properties, Thermal properties, Nano composites, Biodegradability, Morphology, these catalysts contain organic compounds belonging to the class of special modifiers, esters or ethers. Pre-catalysts organoaluminum alloys and other types of organic or organometallic Are activated by a combination of converters. Two of the most important technologies of catalysts support the advantages High productivity and high content of crystal isotope polymer are manufactured under stable polymerization conditions at 70-80 C This product is designed to combine your rainwater tank with washing machine and household appliances Toilet bowl. The polypropylene pipe should be physically protected from direct sunlight to avoid long-term UV decay. Bb pipe lightweight, It has the advantages of being flexible and easy to install. Polybutene is 1-butane, 2-butane and An organic made from is protein compound Is polymer. It is similar to polyispropylene (PIB), It is made from pure is protein produced on the C4 premises of a large refinery.
Poverty Reduction Strategy in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamruzzaman Palash
Published: February 2022

This book analyses government relationships with international financial institutions (IFIs) to evaluate the role of citizen participation in formulating national poverty reduction policies in low-income countries.
Promoting Walking and Cycling
Authors: Pooley Colin , Jones Tim , Tight Miles , Horton Dave , Scheldeman Griet , Mullen Caroline , Jopson Anna , Strano Emanuele
Published: February 2022

This book uses innovative research methods to examine why so many people fail to travel in ways that are deemed by most to be desirable - on foot or by bike. It proposes evidence-based policy solutions that could increase levels of walking and cycling substantially.
Global Social Policy in the Making
Authors: Deacon Bob
Published: February 2022

This book, by the world’s leading authority on global social policy, examines why and how the Social Protection Floor became ILO, UN and G20 policy and how the World Bank and IMF took steps to lay its foundation.
Growth and Instability in the Land Use Categories of different Agro-climatic Regions of Rajasthan
Authors: P Thanuja, .
Published: February 2022

"Land use is complex phenomenon technological change, climatic changes influences land use changes over time period. Rajasthan, the largest state in geography and varied climatic factors makes it important to understand the land use across the state. Present study aimed at understanding the growth and instability in the different land use categories of Rajasthan with special reference to ten agro-climatic regions of the state. Compound growth rate and cuddy della valle instability index was used to analyse the data. Secondary data collected since after the implementation of second land policy (1973 till 2018). Area under forest and non-agricultural uses as well as area under cultivation in all regions has reported significant positive growth rate whereas area under barren unculturable land and permanent pastures & other Grazing land in almost all agro-climatic regions of Rajasthan has significantly decreased. The land uses category under tree crops & groves reported high instability and swollen data in all study regions for the present study period."
Export Competitiveness of Dry Onion with Reference to India
Authors: Katoch Sonali
Published: February 2022

"The purpose of the study is to examine the export competitiveness of onion with reference to India. In India, exports are allowed only after domestic requirements are met, due to which there arise year-to-year export fluctuations. Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) and Comparative Export Performance Index (CEP) are used to examine export competitiveness. The study reveals that India has comparative advantage in export of onion as compared to other major exporting nations followed by The Netherlands and Egypt. The performance index of India shows rise of Indian onion in world market, as the value of CEP index is decreasing for other exporting nations."
Export Competitiveness and Price Trend of Basmati Rice
Authors: S Sangeeta Kumari,
Published: February 2022

"The present study was undertaken to access the price trend of Basmati rice in domestic and International market and export competitiveness of Basmati rice as it accounts a major share to the export basket of India and generates higher earning due to high value in both international and domestic market compared to other agricultural commodities. The secondary data required to achieve the objectives were collected from the APEDA, DGCIS and Indiastat website for a period of 20 years (1999-2000 to 2018-2019). The trend in domestic and international price was estimated by using different parametric models and Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) was used to study the export competitiveness. The trend analysis showed that among all the competitive parametric models, exponential model was best fitted for both domestic and international price. The NPC value concluded that for all the three periods taken into consideration, Basmati rice was highly competitive in global market. Therefore, there is comparative advantage in the export of Basmati rice and concerned efforts must be taken up to effectively utilise its export potential."
"Socio-Economic Status of Dairy Farmers in Bundelkhand Region: An Exploratory Study"
Authors: Maurya Rishabh Kumar
Published: February 2022

"Dairy is one of the prominent livelihoods for smallholder farmers across India. It plays a significant role in sustaining the rural livelihood and provides employment to 18 million people and nearly 70 percent of them are women. It acts as an alternative source of income for the farm family. The study was conducted in Banda district of Uttar Pradesh with the objectives to study the socio-economic status of dairy farmers. The sample size of 160 dairy farmers was randomly selected for the study and data were collected through personal interview method during 2019-20. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted for the study. Banda consists of eight blocks, out of which two blocks were selected randomly viz. Badokhar Khurd & Tindwari. Four villages were selected randomly from each selected block to constitute a total of eight villages and 20 Dairy farmers were selected from each selected village. Majority of respondents were from the middle age group within the range of 34-54 years and most of them were less educated. It was observed that most of the respondents had marginal landholding with medium annual income ranging between 1 lakh to 3 lakh rupees. It was reported from the study that the majority of the respondents had a joint and large family with most of them having Kaccha housing patterns. Most of the respondents were involved in dairy & wage-earning with a medium level of herd size (3-5). It is reported from the study that the majority of the respondents preferred medium mass media utilization & don’t had membership of any organization."
THE PROFILE OF FATTY ACIDS AND THE EGGS QUALITY FROM HENS FED TO THE DIET WITH FLAX SEEDS, RAPESEED MEAL AND VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: VLAICU Petru Alexandru , PANAITE Tatiana Dumitra , TURCU Raluca Paula , CORNESCU Gabriela Maria , VIȘINESCU Petruța
Published: February 2022

This experiment investigates the effect of flaxseed meal, rapeseed meal and vitamin E supplementation, when used together, on the production parameters of fatty acid composition and eggs quality characteristics in Tetra SL laying hens (38 to 46 weeks of age). For this, 120 hens were allocated one of three treatments, with 40 hens in each group. The hens were fed either a control diet (C), a control diet including 2.5 % flaxseed meal and 2.5% rapeseed meal (E1) or 2.5% flaxseed meal and 2.5% rapeseed meal with 73 mg/ kg feed of vitamin E as an antioxidant supplement (E2) for 8 weeks. Hens consuming the E1 diet had greater egg production and egg mass than those from group C. The feed conversion ratio in both the E1 and E2 groups was lower (P < 0.05) than in the C diet group. E2 had considerably higher egg weight, albumen pH, yolk pH and Haugh unit than E1 and C (P0.05), as a response to the vitamin E antioxidant effect. The most α-linolenic fatty acid content (1.07 g FAME) was found in eggs produced by chickens fed the E2 diet, (1.07 g FAME), followed by E1 (0.91 g FAME), with both being significantly higher than C eggs (0.23g FAME). Furthermore, all n-6 studied fatty acids concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in E1 and E2, while all n-3 fatty acids concentrations were significantly greater (P > 0.05) in E1 and E2. When comparing the n-6/n-3 ratio of fatty acids from experimental treatments (6.44 and 6.74) with C treatment (18.19), a significant difference was observed (almost 65% lower).
Contra el cansancio y el simulacro: aportes de la filosofía de la educación
Authors: Pérez Sandra García , García Isis Morales , Cobix G. David Suárez
Published: February 2022

En este escrito, se presenta una reflexión sobre la vigencia de la filosofía de la educación partiendo de diagnósticos que el siglo XX anticipó y que se hacen notar en pleno siglo XXI. El objetivo de este texto es realizar un análisis los fines últimos de un quehacer humano, sobre los humanos. La filosofía de la educación ha sido cuestionada por un horizonte donde aquellos valores e ideales que ella encarnaba, son puestos en duda conforme a la experiencia mundial de cambios y exigencias no consideradas por este saber. Para este ejercicio, nos sustentamos en el análisis documental. Este tema es de suma importancia para el quehacer profesional de cualquier disciplina.
Public Awareness of Depression – An Informal Clinical Study
Authors:   MBBS, Dhaliwal Rajwinder
Published: February 2022

The real challenge regards depression is the barriers associated with its diagnosis and treatment. These barriers are present due to the stigma associated with depression, as many individuals do not consider depression disease and believe it should not require any medical treatment. To overcome this stigma, there are several depression awareness programs started worldwide to make our population aware of depression. Thus, this was the aim of our study; it was conducted via a questionnaire survey with 300 random subjects. The results showed a significant variation among healthcare professionals vs. non-healthcare professionals. There was no significant difference among gender or age variations.
Rancang Bangun Informasi Wisata Baturaden Menggunakan Webbase Di Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Noveandini Rahayu , Sri Wulandari Maria
Published: February 2022

Kabupaten Banyumas merupakan salah satu kabupaten di provinsi Jawa Tengah. Kabupaten Banyumas memiliki sebuah tempat wisata yang merupakan salah satu tempat wisata unggulan yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat Kabupaten Banyumas sendiri maupun masyarakat dari daerah sekitarnya, yaitu Wisata Alam Baturaden. Kawasan Wisata Alam Baturaden merupakan salah satu daerah tujuan wisata yang cukup potensial. Dari sebelas obyek wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Banyumas sebanyak lima obyek wisata berada di Kawasan Wisata Baturaden.

Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah belum adanya aplikasi yang menjelaskan informasi wisata alam Baturaden yang dapat diakses secara online sehingga banyak wisatawan daerah lain yang belum mengenal wisata alam ini. Disamping itu belum adanya sarana untuk menjelaskan fasilitas – fasilitas yang berada dekat dengan wisata alam ini.  Melihat dari permasalahan yang terjadi dan untuk membantu memperkenalkan Wisata Alam Baturaden, dengan ini akan dibuat sebuah website menggunakan PHP sebagai web desain. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) dengan tujuan untuk memperkenalkan obyek wisata alam di Baturaden dan rancangannya menggunakan UML (Unified Modelling Language).
Application Of The Dijkstra Algorithm To Determine The Shortest Route From City Center Surabaya To Historical Places
Authors: Pratiwi Hanna
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Tempat bersejarah merupakan tempat yang sering dikunjungi warga sekitar bahkan wisatawan dari luar kota maupun mancanegara. Tempat bersejarah merupakan tempat yang wajib dikunjungi oleh wisatawan dari luar daerah tetapi terdapat permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada saat ingin menginjungi destinasi tempat bersejarah ini. Permasalahannya adalah rute dari masing-masing lokasi tempat bersejarahnya sendiri dan juga ketidaktahuan akan rute-rute terpendek dan tercepat yang lebih efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan rute terpendek yang akan menggunakan Algoritma Dijkstra sebagai metode penelitiannya. Penelitian ini akan disertai dengan penentuan titik mana saja yang akan dilalui sehingga bisa mendapatkan rute terpendek sehingga bisa mengurangi waktu berkendara. Akan disertai juga cara penggunaan Algoritma Dijkstra dalam pencarian rute terpendek untuk lokasi tempat bersejarah ini. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini terdapat 5 rute terpendek yang bisa dilalui untuk menuju tempat bersejarah melalui titik awal yaitu Stasiun Gubeng.
Patient-Controlled Sedation by Non-Anaesthesiologists During Flexible Bronchoscopy – A One-Year Experience Regarding Safety, Feasibility and Costs
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden, Grossmann Benjamin , Nilsson Andreas ,   Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
Published: February 2022

Background: Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) is an efficient and cost-saving method for sedation during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) in the presence of anaesthetic staff, but no data is available for PCS in a non-anaesthesiologist environment. Methods: This descriptive study describes PCS with propofol in a non-anaesthesiologist setup during outpatient FB procedures, including transbronchial biopsy, transbronchial needle aspiration, cryotherapy/biopsy and/or multistation endobronchial ultrasound, and endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope. Results: 287 procedures were completed. The median (range) duration for the procedures were 45 (10–105) minutes. The median (range) total propofol dose administered was 201 (55–570) mg, and 61 procedures (21%) required bolus doses of alfentanil. Desaturation occurred during 21% of the procedures and was resolved spontaneously (59%) or by using a jaw thrust (41%). No evidence was found that alfentanil contributed to desaturation (p=0.081). Inconsistent results were shown regarding the impact of alfentanil on the reduction of cough. The post-procedural assessment revealed high score of satisfaction and feasibility. 3 (1%) procedures were cancelled due to insufficient sedation. No prolonged recovery with need of overnight stay was reported. The direct costs for sedation were 180 USD/procedure. Conclusion: PCS with propofol and the presence of trained non-anaesthesiologists during outpatient FB has shown to result in high procedure feasibility and satisfaction without compromising patient safety or increasing the risk for unhandled respiratory adverse events. The method reduces costs for sedation and offers the possibility to increase patient turn over due to no prolonged recovery
From tradition to Simulation: an experience of team training on management of shoulder dystocia
Authors: Khan Ambareen , Amerjee Azra , Dias Jaqueline Marie , Tariq Junaid
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine if simulation-based team training improves the management of shoulder dystocia compared to traditionally taught obstetrical emergencies.
Method: The prospective mixed-method study was conducted at the Centre for Innovation in Medical Education at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, from June to August 2018, and comprised doctors and nurses having up to five years of labour and delivery experience. The subjects were divided into two equal groups which were further subdivided into four equal teams. Group 1 was taught to manage shoulder dystocia using traditional lectures and hands-on pelvic models, while group 2 was trained in a simulated environment with a simulated scenario of shoulder dystocia. After two weeks, the performance of both teams were assessed and compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 19. A focus group discussion was subsequently conducted on the quality of the simulation experience.
Results: Of the 32 subjects, 16(50%) each were doctors and nurses. They were divided into groups having 16(50%) members each, and each group had 4 teams having 4(25%) subjects. The overall mean age of the sample was 31.9±2.8 years (range: 28-38 years). The mean score for performance on technical and communication task of group 2 was 10.25±1.258 compared to 5.7± 2.500 in group 1 (p=0.028). Focus group participants agreed that training in a simulated environment was far superior than being traditionally taught.
Conclusion: Simulation-based team training in shoulder dystocia management was associated with better feedback than traditional-style teaching.
Key Words: Simulation, Shoulder dystocia, Team training, Obstetrical emergency.
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Overactive bladder: a multicenter study in Pakistan
Authors: Sheikh Masood Ahmed , Ahmed Fawad  , Khalid Javed Rabbani  , Syeda Batool Mazhar  , Shahzad Ali  , Haleema Yasmin  , Salman EL khalid  , Waqar Azim Niaz  , Humma Quddusi  , Muhammed Akhtar Anwer  , Bakhtawar Gul  , Sajid Mumtaz Qazi
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the overall prevalence of overactive bladder in Pakistan, and to determine the difference in prevalence in relation to gender.
Method: The multicenter study was conducted from February 2017 to October 2018 at 11 institutions across the country, and comprised randomly selected healthy subjects of either gender who were assessed on the basis of symptoms defined by the International Continence Society for overactive bladder. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on the symptoms which was filled for the respondent by designated health workers. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 1291 respondents, 632(49%) were males with a mean age of 37.8+14.4 years, and 659(51%) were females with a mean age of 38.3+13.7 years. The overall prevalence of overactive bladder was 82(6.4%). Among the males, it was 15(2.4%) and among the females 67(10.2%) (p=0.001). Urgency, frequency and nocturia were reported by 82(6.4%) respondents; 15(1.2%) males and 67(5.2%) females (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of overactive bladder was found to be low when assessed with strict application of the three classical symptoms of the condition.
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Prevalence of malnutrition in children under five years’ age in District Tharparkar Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Bhanwario Menghwar  , Zulfiqar Ali Laghari  , Salma Farrukh Memon  , Jamshed Warsi  , Shakil Ahmed Shaikh  , Nimra Masood Baig
Published: February 2022

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in children aged <5 years, and find out the risk factors associated with malnutrition in a rural setting.
Method: The survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018in four Tehsils of district Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan, and comprised children of either gender aged <5 years who were randomly selected and assessed for weight and height using the World Health Organisation Anthro-2007 tool to obtain Z-score. Data was analysed using SPPS Version 18.
Results: Of the 597 subjects, 299(50.1%) were girls and 298(49.9%) were boys. Overall, 219(36.7%) were aged 12-23 months and 63(10.5%) were aged 48-59 months. Stunting was found in 485(81.1%) subjects, wasting 112(18.2%) and 342(57.3%) were underweight.  The causes of malnutrition included age 6-11 months, number of siblings, monthly income <6000 rupees and duration of breast feeding <12 months (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Higher prevalence of malnutrition was found in children aged <5 years in district Tharparkar.
Key Words: Malnutrition, Stunting, Wasting, Underweight, Tharparkar, Pakistan.
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Satisfaction of lower limb amputees with their prostheses and with the clinical services- a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bari Abu Zeeshan , Al-Shenqiti Abdullah , Khan Saad Jawaid
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate the amputees’ satisfaction with their prostheses and with the clinical services.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, from August 2018 to November 2019, and comprised unilateral, traumatic lower limb amputees. Data was collected using the client satisfaction with the device, and the client satisfaction with service modules of the Orthotics and Prosthetics User's Survey instrument. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Result: Of the 220 subjects, 43(19.54%) were transfemoral amputees; 37(86%) males with a mean age of 51.9±12.7 years, and 6(14%) females with mean age 51.9±12.7 years. There were 168(76.36%) transtibial amputees; 146(87%) males with mean age 51.7±12.9 years, and 22(13%) females with mean age 54.1±12.7 years. Besides, there were 9(4.09%) female partial-foot amputees with a mean age of 36.0± 6.5 years. Overall, 165(75%) subjects were satisfied with the durability of their prostheses, and 213(97%) were satisfied with the service standard.
Conclusion: Most of the participants were generally satisfied with their prostheses, and almost all of them were generally satisfied with the clinical services.
Key Words: Amputees, Artificial limb, Lower extremity, Patient satisfaction, Rehabilitation centres, Surveys, Questionnaire.
Postpartum Depression and Diabetes
Authors: Pawan Sharma  , Sanjay Kalra  , Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
Published: February 2022

Depression and diabetes share a bidirectional causal association. Additionally, during the postpartum period women have an increased vulnerability for both depression and impaired glucose tolerance. The impact of the comorbidity of diabetes and postpartum depression is also bidirectional with an impaired course and outcome of both these disorders. The clinic visits for pregnancy and/ or diabetes care offer important opportunity to screen for postpartum (as well as prepartum) depression. Screening tools that are shorter, that take less time and acceptable are recommended. While a limited number of guidelines onmanagement of depression among persons with diabeteshave commented on management of the postpartum depression, the emphasis is on timely intervention using pharmacological and psycho- social interventions.

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Classification of Non-Insulin Glucose Lowering Drugs
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Saurabh Arora  , Nitin Kapoor
Published: February 2022

The ever-changing scenario of diabetes care, especially pharmacotherapy, calls for a framework to help classify non-insulin glucose drugs. Such a taxonomic structure should be of contemporary relevance as well as futuristic in vision; scholarlyin intent but easy to understand; and based on pathophysiologic principles while being useful for the clinician. We propose a rubric which lists four classes of non-insulin glucose lowering drugs; insulin secretagogues, insulin sensitizers, calorierestriction mimetics, and calorie restrictors. This classification serves the need of students and teachers as well as pharmacologists and clinicians alike.Keywords: Alpha glucosidase inhibitors, DPP4i, GLP1RA, liraglutide, pharmacotherapy sulfonylureas, semaglutide, SGLT2i.
A prospective randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of zero calorie carbonated drink and water as a solvent in sodium phosphate for colonoscopy
Authors: Khan Hina , Memon Amjad Siraj , Abbasi Mujeebur Rehman , Samo Khursheed Ahmed , Agha Jan Muhammad , Rathore Lajpat , Saeed Summaya
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of zero-calorie soft drink and plain water as a solvent for sodium phosphate in terms of good palatability and better patient tolerance.
Methods: The randomised controlled trial was conducted from May to December 2019 at the Dowites Operation Theatre Endoscopy Suite, Surgical Unit 3, Civil Hospital Karachi, and comprised patients aged >18 years of either gender undergoing colonoscopy for screening and non-emergency/non-urgent colorectal diseases. The patients were randomised into group A, which was assigned to take sodium phosphate in water, and group B, which was assigned to take sodium phosphate in zero-calorie soft drink. Bowel preparation was assessed by the consultant during endoscopy. Outcome variables, such as bowel cleanliness, palatability, tolerance of solution, adverse effects, and willingness to repeat the preparation, were evaluated in both groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 162 patients, there were 81(50%) in each of the two groups. There were 124(76.5%) males and the overall mean age was 43±8.66 years. The palatability score was significant (p=0.01) for group B compared to group A. Due to better palatability and tolerance, 64(79%) patients in group B took the preparation in <6 hours.
Conclusion: Use of zero-calorie soft drink was found to be a better option for colonoscopic preparation compared to plain water.
Key Words: Zero calorie coke, Sodium phosphate.
The Effectiveness of implementation of standard clinical pathway through healthcare professionals among acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing for angiography / angioplasty in a public tertiary care hospital, Karachi
Authors: Shahzad Bashir  , Sarfraz Masih  , Rubina Barolia  , Muhammad Nawaz Lashari  , Iram Amin
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess the effect of acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway among acute myocardial infarction patients on length of stay in public tertiary care settings.
Methods: The quasi-experimental non-randomised case-control study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Dr Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, from September to December 2018, and comprised acute myocardial infarction in-patients. Those admitted before the implementation of acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway formed the control group, while those admitted after the implementation were in the intervention group. Acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway was implemented and the interventional clinical practices of healthcare professionals, including cardiologists, postgraduates, residents, nurses and critical care technicians, were assessed using a standard checklist. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 100 participants, 50(50%) were in the control group; 31(62%) males and 19(38%) females. The intervention group also had 50(50%) patients; 35(70%) males and 15(30%) females. Regarding effectiveness of the implementation of standard clinical pathway, length of hospital stays reduced significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.003).
Conclusion: The implementation of acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway reduced the length of hospital stay of acute myocardial infarction in- patients.
Key Words: Acute Myocardial Infarction, AMI standard clinical pathway, Length of hospital stay, LOS, Angiography, Angioplasty, Health care professionals.
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Practice and effect of pesticide use on farmers’ health in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Amna Khan  , Nazish Jaffar  , Fatima Murad
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To identify the frequency and mode of pesticide application, its adverse health effects, and to assess farmers’ knowledge and practice of precautionary measures.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Matli, Badin in the Sindh province of Pakistan from February to April 2020, and comprised farmers. Data was collected through face-to-face interview using a validated questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 332 farmers, 329(99.1%) were males. The overall mean age was 31.18±12.79 years (range: 21-30 years). Also, 269(81%) of them had not attended formal schooling, and the mean duration of farming practice was 1.64±0.859 years.` Further,  136(41%) participants did not follow the recommended frequency of pesticide application, accidental ingestion was reported by 208(62.7%) participants, and inhalation by 203(61.1%). Dumping of pesticide containers in open fields was a common practice for 247(74.4%) subjects, and 223(67.2%) showed interest in safety training sessions.
Conclusions: Farmers of Sindh were found to be seriously exposed to pesticide risk because of inadequate knowledge.
Key Words: Developing country, Farmers, Pakistan, Personal protective equipment, Pesticides.
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QUALIDADE DE VIDA E PRODUTIVIDADE DO COLABORADOR NA MODALIDADE DE TRABALHO HOME OFFICE: ESTUDO DE CASO EM INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO DA REGIÃO DE HORTOLÂNDIA, SP, BRASIL
Authors: Silva Élida Taina da , Silva Allyk de Moura
Published: February 2022

O presente estudo de caso analisa a qualidade de vida e produtividade do colaborador na modalidade home office em instituição de ensino na cidade de Hortolândia, SP, Brasil. A pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa, método comparativo e o procedimento técnico empregado é o estudo de caso. Os resultados identificados na modalidade são o aumento dos custos da residência do colaborador, acréscimo de afazeres domésticos e, falta de infraestrutura computacional e ergonométrica. No entanto, identificou-se maior qualidade de vida e crescimento de produtividade em home office, com a capacitação da organização e a cooperação dos colaboradores, favorecendo uma relação ganha-ganha.
O IMPACTO NAS VENDAS DE PLANOS DE INTERNET EM UMA EMPRESA NO MUNICÍPIO DE VILA VELHA NO CENÁRIO DE COVID-19
Authors: Santos Emanuella Claudino Alves , Almeida Miriam Aparecida Ignácio de , Servare Junior Marcos Wagner Jesus
Published: February 2022

A pandemia da Covid-19 se espalhou pelo mundo todo, modificando a rotina da sociedade atual e ocasionando mudanças, novos hábitos e novas necessidades. As atividades profissionais e educacionais passaram a ser desempenhadas de maneira remota a distância, portanto, um dos serviços que tiveram sua importância destacada foi a prestação de serviços de planos de internet. O estudo presente tem como objetivo compreender como o cenário de Covid-19 impactou as vendas em uma empresa de prestação de serviços de planos de internet, neste trabalho chamada de empresa x, a partir do método de pesquisa ação onde será verificado o histórico de volume de vendas do ano de 2018 a 2021 e planos vendidos e atualizados neste cenário.
Coronavirus disease 2019: neurological aspects.
Review and own research
Authors: Bezrukov Vladislav , Kuznetsov Viktor
Published: February 2022

The main neurological consequences of COVID-19 (depression, psycho-emotional disturbances, strokes, neurodegenerative disorders and others); major ways of coronavirus penetration into the nervous system as well as mechanisms of development of some neurological complications of COVID-19 are presented in the article. The preliminary results of the analysis of changes in the functional state of the central nervous system of 36 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy of atherosclerotic and hypertensive genesis of the 1-2 stages before and 3-4 months after COVID-19 have been presented. It was found that in patients who have had COVID-19, there were headaches, sleep disorders, general weakness, memory impairment, muscle and limbs pains. Reorganization of bioelectrical activity of the brain also appeared. The general structure of the EEG was characterized by an increased power in the range of slow rhythms against a background of decreasing power in the range of cortical rhythms. A tendency to a decrease of cerebral blood flow in the separate vessels of carotid and vertebrobasilar basins, as well as expressed suppression of the vascular endothelial function were also found. It is evident from the results of this study that inclusion of the drugs possessing a multimodal vasoactive and metabolic action is necessary.

Key words: coronavirus disease 2019, neurological complications, bioelectrical activity of the brain, cerebral blood flow, endothelial function.
How Lucrative & Challenging the Boundary less Opportunities for Data Scientists?
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Aithal P. S.
Published: February 2022

The data scientist is a new profession which is considered as a key profession in the world oftechnologies and is one of the best paid jobs. A data scientist is a person who has developedexpertise in the mathematical modelling and statistics that dominates programming and itsdifferent languages, computer science, and analytics. Data science comprises of datagathering, data warehousing, data analysis, data mining, online analytical processing,artificial intelligence, machine learning, and decision science for Predictive and prescriptiveanalytics for supporting managers for future decision process in a hectic competitiveenvironment. Due to globalization and ICCT supported automation of many businessprocesses, big data supported data science importance in many industries and hence Datascientists are also getting huge demand. Data scientists are key change-makers inside anenterprise that provides knowledge that they can illuminate the company's journey toward itsultimate business goals they have strong market demand. They are instrumental in inspiringboth leaders and developers to build better products and paradigms. Their role in bigbusiness is becoming increasingly important, they are in ever shorter supply. Demand fordata scientists is so exponentially growing that McKinsey expects a 50 percent difference indata scientists' supply versus demand by 2018. In this paper, we have analysed the continuedopportunities for data scientists for 21st century business and how lucrative and challengingis their job based on opportunities and challenges framework.
FIGURAÇÕES DA VIOLÊNCIA EM A CONFISSÃO DE LEONTINA, DE LYGIA FAGUNDES TELLES
Authors: Pinheiro Veralucia , Ignácio Ewerton de Freitas , De Carvalho Larissa Landim
Published: February 2022

A narrativa, ou melhor, as formas de narrar os eventos-limite, de produzir significado à vida, como o que acontece no conto “A Confissão de Leontina” (1978), de Lygia Fagundes Telles, nos fazem interrogar seus sentidos, até porque, segundo Candido (2000), a literatura é essencialmente uma reorganização do mundo em termos de arte, sendo tarefa do escritor de ficção construir um sistema arbitrário de objetos, atos, ocorrências, sentimentos. Dessa forma, objetivamos discutir, neste trabalho, ambiguidades e contradições da sociedade moderna por meio do conto mencionado, cuja leitura nos inspira a refletir sobre fatos inerentes à condição da mulher pobre na sociedade capitalista, os quais podem ser representados na ficção de forma a romper com a mera reprodução da vida social, constituindo-se não apenas como encadeamento de tempos lineares e vazios, como diria Bosi (1996), mas como construção e tematização da vida-morte degradada, desprovidas da aura positiva com que as palavras realismo e realidade são utilizadas nos discursos que fazem apologia ao conformismo da vida como ela é.
Computing for Numeracy: Kiyoo Mogi and the Nature of Volcanoes
Authors: Connor Charles
Published: February 2022

Dramatic volcanic eruptions occurred in the Spring of 2021 in Iceland and St. Vincent. This column explores the use of a numerical model to understand the giant displacements of the Earth's surface that result from such volcanic activity. The model used was development by Japanese geophysicist Kiyoo Mogi to explain a much older eruption, the 1914 eruption of Sakurajima volcano, located in Kyushu, Japan. Mogi's model was so successful, and is still widely used today, because he took a step-by-step approach to solving this complicated problem, making simplifying assumptions where he could, and using data to the maximum extent possible to estimate a reasonable solution.
Mindfulness, relationship quality, and conflict
resolution strategies used by partners
in close relationships
Authors: Mandal Eugenia , Lip Martyna
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Mindfulness is a specific state of attention which involves a constant focus on what is happening at the present time in a way that is neither judgmental nor evaluative. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of mindfulness for relationship quality and conflict resolution strategies in close relationships. Five components of mindfulness were examined: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, and nonreactivity.

Material and methods

The study included 153 participants (79 women, 74 men; aged 19-60 years). 39.2% of the respondents were married, 20.9% were engaged, 39.9 were in romantic relationships. The mean duration of the close relationship was 6.25 years. The following measures were used: the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Patterns of Problem Solving Questionnaire, and the Dyadic Adaptation Scale.

Results

Acting with awareness, dialogue and avoiding conflict escalation strategy were predictors of relationship quality. The relationship status (marriage and engagement) was also a predictor of relationship quality. Gender, age, and duration of the relationship were not predictors of relationship quality. The results showed correlation between mindfulness and relationship quality (r = .28). There was a positive correlation between nonjudging and satisfaction in the relationship and between describing and emotional expression. Also, there was a negative correlation between nonreactivity and compatibility. Mindfulness was positively correlated with dialogue and negatively correlated with escalation of and withdrawal from a conflict.

Conclusions

Mindfulness is important to the relationship’s quality and conflict resolution strategies. Among the components of mindfulness, especially acting with awareness is important to relationship quality.
Psychometric properties of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (KKaPsy)
Authors: Lipińska-Grobelny Agnieszka , Zwardoń-Kuchciak Olga
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The aim of the study was to prepare and design a Polish version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. The psychometric tool allows synthetic assessment of four personal resources known to play a significant role in effective functioning, viz. self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience.

Material and methods

The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were developed in two studies, the first one involving 308 people (166 women and 142 men) and the second involving 206 people (111 women and 95 men).

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the tool has a four-component structure with an overall score. It is characterized by satisfactory internal consistency (α = .73-.86), stability (rtt = .85-.92) and construct validity.

Conclusions

The Psychological Capital Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool that can be used in research and in practice.
Funciones y disfunciones de las comisiones de la Asamblea Legislativa
Authors: Martínez Peñate Óscar
Published: February 2022

Este artículo analiza los procedimientos para la conformación de la Asamblea Legislativa, tanto estructural como funcional. Expone los actos ilícitos de algunos partidos para la selección de la junta directiva. Además, corrobora que no existen parámetros ni criterios establecidos para la selección de los diputados que integrarán cada comisión. Asimismo, no existe en el reglamento interior de la Asamblea Legislativa nada escrito respecto al funcionamiento interno de las comisiones. Esta situación se agrava dado que existe una falta de control y supervisión del poder legislativo, lo cual conduce a su ineficiencia, tortuguismo, ineptitud y autoritarismo. De allí la necesidad de modificar artículos inespecíficos y garantizar el control de la Asamblea Legislativa sobre los poderes ejecutivo y judicial para, de una vez por todas, impedir la utilización de los tres poderes por parte de la oligarquía.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 587, 1997: 819-847.
An evaluation of the efficacy of acupuncture and homoeopathic treatment in helping people to stop smoking
Authors:   , De La Rouviere Alexandra Mary
Published: February 2022

The aim acupuncture of this study was to compare the treatment and homoeopathic treatment smoking cessation. The study was a clinical trial, in which an acupuncture treatment group group. Thirty was compared with a homoeopathic treatment volunteers who were anxious to stop smoking participated in the trial and were randomly divided into two groups. One group received acupuncture treatment (n=l5), while the other group received homoeopathic treatment (n=l5) in the form of isotherapy. The study took place over a period of 9 months and each participant completed a 3-month trial period. Prior to the trial period each sUbject completed a set of questionnaires. These ~ncluded the Fagerstrom Tolerance Test which determined their dependence on nicotine; a questionnaire to determine if the subject smoked predominantly for reduction of negative affect, for positive affect or as an habitualaddiction; and a questionnaire to determine the subject's estimation of the health risks of smoking.
The efficacy of a homoeopathic eczema complex (Herpin 2) in the treatment of atopic eczema
Authors:   , Botha Okker Roelof
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to determine what role a homoeopathic eczema complex (Herpin 2\xAE) has to play in the management of atopic eczema. A sample of thirty patients was obtained by means of convenience sampling from the greater Durban area. From this sample fifteen were treated with the homoeopathic eczema complex and the remaining fifteen received placebo treatment. The double blind protocol was used to conduct this study with all medications being dispensed by a neutral party. Every four weeks for the duration of the two-month trial, the percentage body surface area affected by eczematous lesions was measured and recorded and questionnaires regarding the patients' perception of the treatment were completed. The subjective data obtained from the questionnaires, and the objective data obtained from the measurement of the percentage body surface area were statistically analysed by means of the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon's signed ranks test. In each case a was set at 0.05 specified level of significance. The null hypothesis, with respect to the Mann-Whitney U-test, was accepted if p ~ a and it was rejected if p < a. For the Wilcoxon's signed ranks test, the null hypothesis was accepted if a and it was rejected if p/2 < a. (p= reported pvalue) iii The results of the study indicate that there is no statistical difference between the placebo and treatment groups with regards to the subjective and objective
Common disease-associated gene variants in a Saudi Arabian population
Authors: Aleissa Mariam , Aloraini Taghrid , Alsubaie Lamia Fahad , Hassoun Madawi , Abdulrahman Ghada , Swaid Abdulrahman , Eyaid Wafa Al , Mutairi Fuad Al , Ababneh Faroug , Alfadhel Majid , Alfares Ahmed
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:

Screening programs for the most prevalent conditions occurring in a country is an evidence-based prevention strategy. The burden of autosomal recessive disease variations in Saudi Arabia is high because of the highly consanguineous population. The optimal solution for estimating the carrier frequency of the most prevalent diseases is carrier screening.

OBJECTIVES:

Identify the most influential recessive alleles associated with disease in the Saudi population.

DESIGN:

We used clinical whole-exome sequencing data from an in-house familial database to evaluate the most prevalent genetic variations associated with disease in a Saudi population.

SETTINGS:

King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) and King Abdulaziz Medical City.

METHODS:

Whole exome sequencing data obtained from clinical studies of family members, a cohort of 1314 affected and unaffected individuals, were filtered using the in-house pipeline to extract the most prevalent variant in the dataset.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Most prevalent genetic variations associated with disease in the Saudi population.

SAMPLE SIZE:

1314 affected and unaffected individuals.

RESULTS:

We identified 37 autosomal recessive variants and two heterozygous X-linked variants in 35 genes associated with the most prevalent disorders, which included hematologic (32%), endocrine (21%), metabolic (11%) and immunological (10%) diseases.

CONCLUSION:

This study provides an update of the most frequently occurring alleles, which support future carrier screening programs.

LIMITATIONS:

Single center that might represent the different regions but may be biased. In addition, most of the families included in the database are part of the proband's genetic identification for specific phenotypes.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.