bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tribological Properties of Carbon Tool Steel Surface after Plasma Electrolytic Nitrocarburizing
Authors: Mukhacheva Tatiana , Kusmanov Sergei , Tambovskiy Ivan , Podrabinnik Pavel , Metel Alexander , Khmyrov Roman , Karasev Mikhail , Suminov Igor , Grigoriev Sergey
Published: October 2023

The effect of plasma electrolytic nitrocarburizing on the wear resistance of carbon tool steel in friction couples with hardened steel and lead-tin bronze is considered. The microgeometry of friction tracks and its change with increasing duration of friction tests are analyzed. The equilibrium roughness is determined, which is optimal for the friction couple and ensures minimal wear. The type and mechanism of wear of carbon tool steel after plasma electrolytic nitrocarburizing has been determined. The optimal values of the plasma electrolytic nitrocarburizing parameters, which provide the lowest values of the friction coefficient and weight wear, have been determined. The phase and elemental composition of the surface layer was studied using X-ray diffraction analysis and EDX analysis. The relationship of the microstructure of the nitrocarburized layer of tool steel with the friction coefficient and weight wear is established.
Exoplanets Around Red Giants: Distribution and Habitability
Authors: Chen Ruixuan Ellie , Jiang Jonathan H. , Rosen Philip E , Fahy Kristen A , Chen Yanbei
Published: October 2023

As the search for exoplanets continues, more are being discovered orbiting Red Giant stars. We use current data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive to investigate planet distribution around Red Giant stars and their presence in the host’s habitable zone. As well, we explore the distribution of planet mass and orbital semi major axis for evolved stars with increasing stellar radii. We found 9 Red Giant-hosted exoplanets, and 21 Subgiant-hosted exoplanets to be in the optimistically calculated habitable zone, 5 and 17 of which are in a more conservatively calculated habitable zone. All the planets detected within their habitable zone orbit stars that are in early stages of evolution. We believe that with more powerful instrumentation, more habitable planets may be found around stars that are in later stages of evolution.
Autonomous Optimal Absolute Orbit Keeping Through Formation-Flying Techniques
Authors: Mahfouz Ahmed , Gaias Gabriella , Venkateswara D. M. K. K. , Voos Holger
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the problem of autonomous optimal absolute orbit keeping for a satellite mission in Low Earth Orbit using electric propulsion is considered. The main peculiarity of the approach is to support small satellite missions in which the platform is equipped with a single thruster nozzle which provides acceleration on a single direction at a time. This constraint implies that an attitude maneuver is necessary before or during each thrusting arc to direct the nozzle into the desired direction. In this context, an attitude guidance algorithm specific for the orbit maneuver has been developed. A Model Predictive Control scheme is proposed, where the attitude kinematics are coupled with the orbital dynamics in order to obtain the optimal guidance profiles in terms of satellite state, reference attitude, and thrust magnitude. The proposed control scheme is developed exploiting Formation Flying techniques where the reference orbit is that of a virtual spacecraft that the main satellite is required to rendezvous with. In addition to the controller design, the closed loop configuration is presented supported by numerical simulations. The efficacy of the proposed autonomous orbit keeping approach is shown in several application scenarios.
ESG Reporting and Metrics: From Double Materiality to Key Performance Indicators
Authors: Nielsen Christian
Published: October 2023

This article conceptualises the link between firms’ value chains and distribution networks and the requirements for double materiality assessments in contemporary reporting regulations worldwide. The new European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) and the standards for sustainability reporting issued by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), called IFRS S1 and IFRS S2, require companies to report their own direct (scope 1) and indirect (scope 2) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as GHG emissions in their value chains and distribution networks (both scope 3). However, GHG emissions comprise just one dimension of information that is relevant to understand when assessing, managing and reporting the footprints and impacts of a firm and are, therefore, only a fraction of the key performance indicators (KPIs) related to ESG that should be disclosed. Through a case study, this article demonstrates the connection between the due diligence analysis of firms’ value chains and distribution networks, the analysis of the competitive parameters of the business model, the identified impacts, risks and opportunities, and the double materiality perspective. The double materiality perspective prioritises actions based on probability and significance, creating a natural space to identify KPIs. The article concludes by applying the REGS model and illustrating how it can assist firms in identifying relevant KPIs based on double-materiality assessments.
NR Sidelink Performance Evaluation for Enhanced 5G-V2X Services
Authors: Tabassum Mehnaz , Bastos Felipe Henrique , Oliveira Aurenice , Klautau Aldebaro
Published: October 2023

The Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) has specified the Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) radio access technology in Releases 14 and 15, with a focus on facilitating direct communication between vehicles through the sidelink PC5 interface. This interface offers a robust cloud-native core network with end-to-end network slicing functionality. The performance of di-rect vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications has been improved by using the sidelink interface, which allows for network infrastructure by-pass. Sidelink transmissions make use of orthogonal resources that are either centrally allocated (Mode 1) or chosen by the vehicles themselves (Mode 2). The development of radio access technologies that enable dependable and low-latency vehicular communications has become of utmost relevance with the rise in interest in connected and autonomous vehicles. This is especially necessary when there are heavy traffic conditions and patterns. We thoroughly examined the New Radio (NR) sidelink’s performance under various vehicle densities, speeds, and distance settings. Thus, by evaluating sidelink’s strengths and drawbacks, we are able to optimize resource allocation to obtain maximum coverage in urban areas. The performance evaluation is conducted on Network Simulator 3 (NS3.34/5G-LENA) utilizing various network metrics such as average packet reception rate, throughput, and latency.
Effect of Artificial Saliva Modification on Corrosion Resistance and Electronic Properties of Bego Wirobond C Dental Alloy
Authors: Łosiewicz Bożena , Osak Patrycja , Kubisztal Julian , Górka-Kulikowska Karolina
Published: October 2023

Wirobond C is a commercial dental casting alloy suitable for the fabrication of crowns, bridges as well as metal-ceramic restorations. This work aims with the study of the effect of ready-to-use Listerine® and Meridol® mouthwashes and sodium fluoride on corrosion resistance of the CoCrMo dental alloy to electrochemical corrosion in artificial saliva at 37 °C. SEM, EDS, SKP, and microhardness investigations were carried out to characterize the material under study. In vitro corrosion resistance of the CoCrMo alloy was conducted by the open circuit potential method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and anodic polarization curves. The presence of Co 59.8(8) wt.%, Cr 31.5(4) wt.%, and Mo 8.8(6) wt.% was confirmed. The CoCrMo alloy was characterized by Vickers microhardness of 445(31) µHV0.3. Based on EIS data, the capacitive behavior and high corrosion resistance of CoCrMo alloy was revealed. The kinetics of pitting corrosion in the artificial saliva was lower after the modification with NaF and Listerine and Meridol mouthwashes. The potentiodynamic characteristics revealed the passive behavior of CoCrMo alloy in all solutions. Based on the SKP measurements of the CoCrMo alloy after corrosion tests, the effect of artificial saliva modification on electronic properties of Bego Wirobond C dental alloy was found.
Effects of Stimulus Repetition Rate on Electrically Evoked Auditory Brainstem Potentials in Postlingually Deafened Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Dziemba Oliver C. , Brzoska Tina , Hocke Thomas , Ihler Friedrich
Published: October 2023

Background: By using outcome prediction scores, it is possible to distinguish between good and poor performers with cochlear implants (CI) after CI implantation. The reasons for poor performance, despite good basic conditions, can be manifold. On the one hand, the postoperative fitting may be inadequate; on the other, neurophysiological disease processes may impair speech understanding with a CI. These disease processes are not yet fully understood. In acoustics, it is known that the auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and their latencies and amplitudes allow differential diagnosis based on reference values for normal-hearing individuals. The aim of this study was to provide reference values for electrically evoked brainstem responses (EABRs) in terms of rate-dependent latencies and amplitudes. Methods: 20 experienced adult CI recipients with a predicted and measured good postoperative word recognition score were recruited from the clinic’s patient pool. In the same stimulation mode and intensity we measured latencies and interpeak-latencies of EABRs and electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs). With a defined supra-threshold stimulation intensity above the individual ECAP threshold, we applied stimulation at several rates between 11 and 91 stimuli per second. Results: We found rate dependences for EABR latency t3 and t5 in the order of 0.19 ms and 0.37 ms respectively, while ECAP was not affected by rate. Correspondingly, the interpeak intervalls’ rate dependences for t5-t1, t5-t3 and t3-t1 were of the order of 0.37 ms, 0.18 ms and 0.19 ms. Comparing the EABR amplitudes between the stimulation rates 11/s and 81/s, we found that at 81/s the amplitudes were significantly reduced down: to 73% for A3 and 81% for A5. These rate dependences of latency and amplitude in EABR have characteristics comparable to those of acoustic ABR. Conclusions: These data may serve to provide reference values for EABR and ECAP latencies, interpeak intervals and amplitudes with respect to stimulation rate. Altered response patterns of ECAPs and EABRs to normalised stimulation modes could be used in the future to describe and classify neuropathological processes in a better-differentiated way.
Geometrized Vacuum Physics. Part IV. Dynamics of Vacuum Layers
Authors: Batanov-Gaukhman Mikhail
Published: October 2023

This article is the fourth part of a scientific project under the general title “Geometrized vacuum physics based on the Algebra of Signatures". In the first three articles [1,2,3], the foundations of the Algebra of Stignatures were laid and the main aspects of the kinematics of vacuum layers were considered. This article continues the development of the mathematical apparatus of the proposed project, in particular, the dynamics of vacuum layers is developed based on the Algebra of Signatures. The development of this direction of research (with simplifications related to Riemann's differential geometry) led to the possibility of a geometrized representation of the electric field strength and magnetic field induction. This geometrized mathematical apparatus allows one to interpret the electromagnetic field as an interweaving of accelerated and rotational flows of the adjacent layers of vacuum. The proposed dynamic models of accelerated movements and rotations of vacuum layers can provide a theoretical basis for the development of “zero” (i.e. vacuum) technologies.
Social Depolarization: Blume-Capel Model
Authors: Kaufman Miron , Kaufman Sanda , Diep Hung T.
Published: October 2023

This article belongs in the emerging area of research seeking ways to depolarize societies in the short run (around events such elections) as well as in a sustainable fashion. We approach the depolarization process with a model of three homophilic groups (US Democrats, Republicans and Independents interacting in the context of upcoming federal elections). We expand a previous polarization model, which assumed that each individual interacts with all other individuals in its group with mean-field interactions. We add a depolarization field which is analogous to the Blume-Capel model’s crystal field. There are currently numerous depolarization efforts around the world, some of which act in ways similar to this depolarization field. We find that for low values of the depolarization field, the system continues to be polarized. When the depolarization field increases, the polarization decreases.
The Internet, Apps and the Anesthetist
Authors: Smith Samuel , Houghton Andrew , Mockeridge Brydie , Van Zundert Andre
Published: October 2023

Modern anesthesia continues to be impacted in new and unforeseen ways by digital technology. Combining portability and versatility, mobile applications or “apps” provide a multitude of ways to enhance anesthetic and peri-operative care. Research suggests that uptake of apps into anesthetic practice is becoming increasingly routine, especially amongst younger anesthetists brought up in the digital age. Despite this enthusiasm, there remains no consensus in how apps are safely and efficiently integrated into anesthetic practice. This review summarizes the most popular forms of app usage in anesthesia currently and explores the challenges and opportunities inherent in implementing app use in anesthesia, with an emphasis on a practical approach for the modern anesthetist.
Occupational Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Workers in Dairy Diversification
Authors: Buisseret Fabien , Draye Nicolas , Di Santo Camille , Pacewicz Jocelyn , Pannetier Johanna , Dierick Frédéric , Telliez Frédéric
Published: October 2023

Background. In a changing European agricultural context, diversification of dairy farms is gaining attention. This study seeks to (1) assess musculoskeletal pain prevalence associated with tasks such as butter, yogurt, and cheese production; and (2) analyze associated risks. Methods. Observing 31 mostly female workers, it utilized the ERGOROM questionnaire, a methodology adapted from the Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, and Key Indicator Method forms. Results. Findings revealed that tasks like load carrying (42% of workers), manual work (17%), and awkward postures (14%) resulted in musculoskeletal pain, predominantly in the lower back (65%), neck (39%), and dominant upper limb areas (shoulder: 61%, elbow: 26%, and wrist: 65%). While psychosocial risks remained low, concerns arose from workload, hygiene standards, and resource unpredictability. Conclusions. As dairy farming evolves from artisanal to semi-industrial, the study emphasizes the importance of ergonomic adaptations to protect farmer health and prevent musculoskeletal disorders during diversification.
Na “tranca”: relações de gênero, sexualidades e ensino de história na internação socioeducativa
Authors: Ribeiro Allan
Published: October 2023

Analisamos concepções de gênero e sexualidades nos relatos das práticas de professores de história lotados em unidades de internação socioeducativa. Selecionamos dois professores efetivos e lotados em escolas públicas no interior de Centros de Atendimento Socioeducativos (CASEs), unidades da Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo (FUNASE) voltadas à execução da medida no Estado de Pernambuco. Em diálogo com Monteiro (2010), Junqueira (2013) e Seffner (2013), discutimos saberes e fazeres desses profissionais na privação de liberdade. As entrevistas identificaram a rotina de violências sofrida por adolescentes e jovens. Práticas diversas de controle, vigilância e desclassificação configuraram “trancas” cisheteronormativas e homofóbicas na internação. Nessa rigorosa “gestão das fronteiras da normalidade” (JUNQUEIRA, 2013), os professores não “transportaram” conteúdos de gênero e sexualidades para as aulas de história – eles já ocupam esses espaços, constituem saberes docentes e discentes.
ALGORITMOS SUPERVISADOS PARA LA PREDICCIÓN DEL ANCHO DE BANDA DE LAS APLICACIONES EN AMAZON WEB SERVICE DESDE UNA PYME RURAL
Authors:   Uniagustiniana, OSORIO DIAZ RAMIRO , SEGURA RUIZ MARTHA YANETH , LONSO VILLALBA MAURICIO A
Published: October 2023

This article presents a methodology to measure the bandwidth behaviour by making predictions of the network traffic that connects to the cloud in small and medium enterprises in rural areas with difficult access in Colombia, in order to optimize network resources over time and ensure the quality of service in web applications. A comparative study of three neural network algorithms that model a multilayer neural network is performed, selecting the one that has a minimum error that approaches zero; the selected algorithm is trained from a data source to predict the network traffic that connects to the cloud.It is necessary to analyse network behaviour to ensure the quality of web applications in the cloud that transmit information such as data, images, sound, video, etc., some in real time, and that generate large volumes of traffic. Understanding the traffic flowing through the network enables network capacity planning when managing limited resources, such as in the case of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas. As a product of the research analysis, a free software prototype will be developed to perform the measurements and predictions in rural areas. The results of the implementation show that the proposed approach is superior to other forecasting methods in terms of accuracy and predictability.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LAS PLATAFORMAS AUTOMATION ANYWHERE Y UIPATH PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE RPA
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Republicana, BERMÚDEZ IRREÑO CARLOS ARTURO
Published: October 2023

This article makes an exhaustive characterization of two leading platforms in the field of Robotic Process Automation (RPA): Automation Anywhere and UiPath. The main objective is to provide a detailed comparison of both solutions to facilitate the appropriate choice according to the needs of RPA implementation in an organization. The article begins by explaining the fundamental concepts of RPA and its importance in optimizing business processes. Then, a detailed description of Automation Anywhere and UiPath is presented, covering aspects such as its architecture, user interface, automation capabilities, compatibility with different applications and systems, security, and scalability. It concludes with a summary of the main differences between Automation Anywhere and UiPath, highlighting key aspects that allow readers to make informed decisions when selecting the most appropriate platform for their particular process automation needs.
Influence of pulse laser energy on the Nickel plasma characteristics that produced in laser-induced plasma system
Authors: Mazhir Sabah N. , Abbas Huda H.
Published: October 2023

تُستخدم تقنية قياس طيف الانبعاث البصري ( OES) لتحليل البلازما المتولدة من هدف (النيكل) المضاء باستخدام ليزر            Q- Switched (Nd: YAG) بطاقات مختلفة في الهواء. تم استخدام طريقة التوسيع Boltzmann-Plot و Stark لحساب معاملات البلازما بما في ذلك كثافة الإلكترون (ne) ودرجة حرارة الإلكترون (Te) وتردد البلازما (fp) وطول ديباي (λD). يتضح أن قيم (ne) و (Te) و (λD) و (fp) تزداد بزيادة طاقة الليزر مع قيم درجة حرارة الإلكترون المحسوبة التي تتراوح بين (0.934 - 1.479) الكترون - فولت.
Thoracic Spinal Angiolipoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lee Soo Hyun , Bock Min Sung , Sheen Seung Hun , Han Inbo , Sohn Seil
Published: October 2023

Spinal angiolipoma (SAL) is a rare benign tumor, accounting for 0.14% to 1.2% of all spinal tumors and approximately 3% of epidural spinal tumors. SAL is composed of mature adipocytes and abnormal blood vessels. Its gradual growth can cause spinal cord and root compression. No additional treatment is required after total surgical resection, and its prognosis is good. We report the c case of an 81-year-old man who had thigh pain and numbness in both feet, along with gait disturbance. High signal intensity was observed on T2- and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Contrast enhancement showed a highly contrasting epidural mass with spinal cord compression, spreading to the left neural foramen. The tumor was totally removed by laminectomy and facetectomy. After surgery, the patient’s symptoms gradually improved, and a pathological examination concluded that the tumor was an angiolipoma. SAL is an uncommon benign tumor, for which total surgical excision is the treatment of choice.
Fossil Fuel Communities Support Climate Policy Coupled with Just Transition Assistance
Authors: Gazmararian Alexander F.
Published: October 2023

What are fossil fuel communities’ preferences over the design of just transition as-sistance accompanying climate policy? This study conducted survey experiments at Appalachian county fairs to answer this question, overcoming barriers that have lim-ited previous attempts to measure preferences in these crucial regions. Comparing the responses to a new national survey, there is a divergence in preferences for policies en-couraging relocation, but there is convergence behind support for policies that reduce costs to fossil fuel workers. The study also finds that an intervention to provide in-formation about coal’s decline shifted preferences toward supporting the clean energy transition. Rather than public opinion being an immutable barrier to climate action, 66% of fossil fuel community residents would endorse climate policy if it were coupled with just transition assistance. Policy design and informational interventions could help to create climate coalitions, even in the places most affected by the clean energy transition.
General Purpose Propofol Target Controlled Infusions Using the Marsh Model with Adjusted Body Weight
Authors: Zhong George , Xu Xiabing
Published: October 2023

Purpose
We report a novel method for adjusting the input weight of the Marsh target controlled infusion (TCI) model so that it mimics the behavior of the Eleveld model. In this study, we compare the performance of our weight adjusted Marsh model with the Eleveld model across diverse patient groups in silico.

Methods
We simulated 2,768 subjects with diverse combinations of age, weight, height and sex undergoing a hypothetical four-hour propofol TCI with either the Eleveld model or the Marsh model using our adjusted input weight. The performance of our augmented Marsh model was compared with the Eleveld model using established methods.

Results
The Marsh model using our adjusted weight input produced infusion regimes and effect site concentrations closely mimicking that of the Eleveld model for all simulated patients. The median and maximum absolute performance errors of our augmented Marsh model for the worst performing case was 8.1% and 20.3%, respectively, compared to the Eleveld model.

Conclusion
By adjusting the input weight using our novel algorithm, the infusion regime of the Marsh model produced effect site concentrations closely mimicking that of the Eleveld model. We believe this is a robust way of improving the precision of the Marsh model, especially in patients at extremes of age and body mass index, until the Eleveld model becomes more widely available in commercial infusion pumps.
Directed crystallization of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film by an iron(III) dodecyl sulfate lamellar superstructure
Authors: Kim Sungsoo , MA FENG , Choi Sang-il , Lee Dooyong , Park Sungkyun , Cho Sung-Pyo , Boo Jin-Hyo
Published: October 2023

The synthesis and properties of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):dodecyl sulfate (PEDOT:DS) film are presented and its directed crystallization is described. Iron(III) dodecyl sulfate (Fe(DS)3) multi-lamellar vesicles (MLVs), a newly introduced growth template and a key factor upgrading the vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), was used to synthesize a highly conductive, transparent, and mechanically durable film specifically suitable for next-generation flexible electronics. The PEDOT film formed with Fe(DS)3, and doped with DS anions, is highly transparent, metallically conductive (max. ~1.1 × 104 S cm-1), and mechanically highly durable but still flexible. These outstanding physical properties of the VPP-PEDOT film exclusively originate from the MLVs of Fe(DS)3, which have a lamellar superstructure, and simultaneously play several advantageous roles during VPP: a highly effective oxidant without side reactions, a highly efficient in-situ dopant, a template for large-scale crystal growth, and an enhancer of water resistance and durability. The crystal growth of PEDOT is directed by several hundred micrometer-sized lamellar planes of the densely packed Fe(DS)3 surfactant molecules to fabricate a PEDOT:DS co-crystal of approximately the same size. These findings provide a new direction for the synthesis of more conductive, transparent, robust, and flexible polymer electrode materials in future by constructing MLV-type oxidants with a more sophisticated design.
Repurpose Type I-A CRISPR-Cas3 for a Robust HPV Diagnosis
Authors: Hu Chunyi , Hu Tao , Ji Quanquan , Ke Xinxin , Zhou Hufeng , Yu Chenlin , Ju Wenjun , Lu Meiling , Lin Yu , Ou Yangjing , Zhou Yingsi , Xiao Yibei , Xu Chunlong
Published: October 2023

R-loop-triggered collateral single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) nuclease activity within Class 1 Type I CRISPR-Cas systems holds immense potential for nucleic acid detection. However, the hyperactive ssDNase activity of Cas3 introduces unwanted noise and false-positive results. In this study, we identified a novel Type I-A Cas3 variant derived from Thermococcus siculi, which remains in an auto-inhibited state until it is triggered by Cascade complex and R-loop formation. This Type I-A CRISPR-Cas3 system not only exhibits an expanded protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) recognition capability but also demonstrates remarkable intolerance towards mismatched sequences. Furthermore, it exhibits dual activation modes—responding to both DNA and RNA targets. The culmination of our research efforts has led to the development of the Hyper-Active-Verification Establishment (HAVE, 惠父). This innovation enables swift and precise human papillomavirus (HPV) diagnosis in clinical samples, providing a robust molecular diagnostic tool based on the Type I-A CRISPR-Cas3 system. Our findings contribute to understanding type I-A CRISPR-Cas3 system regulation and facilitate the creation of advanced diagnostic solutions with broad clinical applicability.
A dual functional fluorescent probe based on phenothiazine for detecting Hg2+ and ClO− and its applications
Authors: Zhang Cheng-lu , Liu Chang , Nie Shi-ru , Zhang Yang , Guo Jing-hao , Li Xiang-ling , Liu Cui
Published: October 2023

For the efficient detection of Hg2+ and ClO−, a double-analyte-responsive fluorescent probe PTB was successfully synthesized by combining N-butyl-3-formyl phenothiazine with hydrazine benzothiazole, and designing a specific reaction site for recognizing two analytes (Hg2+ and ClO−) in a compound. It was shown that probe PTB successfully formed a stable complex with Hg2+ in the coordination ratio of 2 : 1 by using the strong sulfur affinity of Hg2+, which resulted in a remarkable "turn-off" effect, with a quenching efficiency of 92.5% and four reversible cycles of Hg2+ fluorescence detection. For the fluorescence detection of Hg2+, the response time is fast (≤ 2 min) and the detection limit is low (7.8 nM), showing extremely high sensitivity, and the performance is obviously better than that of the reported fluorescent probes for detecting Hg2+. In particular, probe PTB has low toxicity and good biocompatibility, and has been successfully used for imaging of Hg2+ in living cells. Moreover, probe PTB uses thioether bond and carbon-nitrogen double bond as reaction sites to detect ClO−, which has large Stokes Shift (149 nm), good selectivity, high quenching efficiency (96.5%) and fast time response (about 10 s), and successfully detects ClO− in actual water samples.
Co-reduction of nitrogen and greenhouse gas emissions in global livestock production
Authors: Gu Baojing , Cheng Luxi , Zhang Xiuming , Cui Jinglan , Wang Chen
Published: October 2023

Livestock production represents a primary contributor to global nitrogen pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 1, 2. Current efforts to reduce emissions often target specific livestock species, single emission indicators, or isolated production stages, lacking a comprehensive approach to simultaneously address nitrogen and GHG emissions. We conducted a global assessment of 15 major mitigation measures, analyzing their impacts on nitrogen utilization, loss, and GHG emissions across the entire production chain for pigs, chickens, dairy cattle, and beef cattle, using data from 1,291 observations. Our findings reveal that the adoption of optimal measures could lead to a global reduction of 17 million tonnes of nitrogen (46%) and 418 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent (15%), while simultaneously increasing livestock and crop production by 25,000 and 194,000 tonnes, respectively. Achieving this optimized scenario requires an investment of just 25 billion US dollars, yielding substantial benefits totaling 354 billion US dollars. However, the feasibility and outcomes of these measures vary significantly depending on different livestock species and production stages. Tailored mitigation strategies are imperative to ensure the sustainable future of global and regional livestock production.
Highly efficient electrocatalyst of single metal atom doped 2D WS2 for ORR and OER
Authors: Ma Linhao , Zhang Ming , Peng Kai , Liu YuQing , Zhao Junjie , Wang Ruzhi
Published: October 2023

To search for efficient electrocatalyst towards ORR and OER for sustainable energy conversion, storage, and utilization, a family of single transition-metal atom (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) doped two-dimensional tungsten disulfide monolayers have been systematically investigated by using first-principle computations to uncover the impact of transition-metal dopants on ORR and OER electrocatalytic activities. It is demonstrated that single-metal-atom sites can bind to the surface of 2D WS2, enhancing the adsorption of intermediates involved in the OER/ORR and decreasing overpotentials effectively. Compared to the pristine 2D WS2, most of transition-metal doped catalysts can decrease overpotentials and promote OER and ORR activities effectively. Particularly, Ni@WS2 and Zn@WS2 are screened out to exhibit the best electrocatalytic activity among all systems with an overpotential of 0.33 and 0.47 V for OER process, respectively, showing that Ni@WS2 and Zn@WS2 are potential candidates for OER electrocatalysts. Furthermore, their electrocatalytic performance are explained in terms of volcano plot, scaling diagram, d-band center model, and charge analysis.
Students’ Tool-Shaped Conceptualisation of the Idea of Statistical Distributions: The Case of Frida
Authors: Johansen Stine Gerster
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a case study that explores digital experiences in statistics teaching within Danish lower secondary school, focusing on the development of students' statistical concepts. The study tracks the progress of a student named Frida, who engages with the digital tool Tinkerplots over the span of a year. During this period, Frida develops a unique 'plot-stack-drag' technique that significantly influences her conceptual development. Her routines with the tool not only support her in some instances but also create conflicts due to their impact on her personal goals and anticipations. This paper delves into the educational implications of the dialectical relationship between students' development of tool-based routines and their personal goals established during the process. The research findings highlight the profound impact of interactions between students and digital tools, such as Tinkerplots, on shaping students' understanding of statistical concepts. This underscores the importance of educators' heightened awareness of students' personal goals and expectations influenced by digital tools, which, in turn, opens the door to innovative learning opportunities.
A Comparative Assessment of Policy Induced Diffusion Pathways for Utility Scale Solar PV: Case Study of Indonesia
Authors: Syafina Paramastri , Oluleye Gbemi
Published: October 2023

Utility-scale solar PV is projected to play a pivotal role in achieving Indonesia’s 2050 net-zero energy target. However, current uptake is limited. This study seeks to identify a cost-effective pathway to increase the capacity of utility-scale solar PV in Indonesia through supportive policies that ensure equitable cost distribution between the government and the industry. A novel Market Penetration Optimization Model (MPOM) is developed and applied in simulation mode to assess existing policies and optimization mode to determine new policy recommendations and compare three diffusion pathways. Results show that current price-based policies are deemed insufficient to stimulate growth in the solar PV market, only covering approximately 13% of the investment cost required by the industry. Thus, necessitating a reactivation of Feed-in-Tariffs (FiT). The optimal FiT rates required to balance the cost to the government and the industry range from 0.39 to 1.47 cents $/kWh for the most economic pathway during the initial ten-year post-construction period. The IDT-based pathway necessitates the lowest initial investment cost while yielding the highest revenue from electricity sales, demonstrating its superior cost-effectiveness compared to both the supply-based and linear pathways. This study enriches the literature by exploring the financial implications of policy and diffusion pathway selections. The model's adaptability to various technologies, different countries, timelines, and capacity targets enhances its applicability for future endeavors.
Fixed-Time Synchronization of Markovian Switching Stochastic Complex Networks via Quantized Aperiodically Intermittent Control
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Yu Yongguang , Su Wei , Ren Guojian
Published: October 2023

Fixed-time synchronization of Markovian switching stochastic complex networks via quantized aperiodically intermittent control is studied by this article. To achieve synchronization, a new control law is proposed. This control law greatly decreases the control expenses by saving communicating access and communicating bandwidth. By structuring Lyapunov functionals, and applying a designed comparison system, some simultaneity results are presented in terms of using the characteristics of Wiener processes. Comparatively speaking, there are two main features of this article. 1) Markov processes are applied to switching stochastic topological systems. 2) Fixed-time synchronization is achieved by a quantized intermittent controller to save resources. Finally, the result of the numerical simulation verifies the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Quantification of Surgical Workflow during Robotic Proctectomy
Authors: Gillani Mishal , Rupji Manali , Devin Courtney , Purvis Lilia , Olson Terrah Paul , Jarc Anthony , Shields Mallory , Liu Yuan , Rosen Seth
Published: October 2023

Aim:
Assessments of surgical workflow offer insight regarding procedure variability, case complexity and surgeon proficiency. We utilize an objective method to evaluate step-by-step workflow and step transitions during robotic proctectomy (RP).
Methods:
We annotated 31 RPs using a procedure-specific annotation card. Using Spearman’s correlation, we measured strength of association of step time and step visit frequency with console time (CT) and total operative time (TOT).
Results:
Across 31 RPs, a mean (± standard deviation) of 49.0 (± 20.3) steps occurred per procedure. Mean CT and TOT were 213 (± 90) and 283 (± 108) minutes. Posterior mesorectal dissection required most visits (8.7 ± 5.0), while anastomosis required most time (18.0 [± 8.5] minutes). Inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) ligation required least visits (1.0 ± 0.0) and lowest duration (0.9 [± 0.5] minutes). Strong correlations were seen with CT and step times for IMV dissection and ligation (ρ = 0.60 for both), lateral-to-medial splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) (ρ = 0.63), left rectal dissection (ρ = 0.64) and mesorectal division (ρ = 0.71). CT correlated strongly with medial-to-lateral and supracolic SFM visit frequency (ρ = 0.75 and ρ = 0.65). There were strong correlations with TOT and initial exposure time (ρ = 0.60), as well as visit frequency for medial-to-lateral (ρ = 0.67) and supracolic SFM (ρ = 0.65). Descending colon mobilization was nodal, rectal mobilization convergent and rectal transection divergent.
Conclusion:
This study correlates individual surgical steps with CT and TOT through standardized annotation. It provides an objective approach to quantify workflow.
Most physical interventions for musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents cannot be reproduced in clinical practice: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Figueiredo Carolina Gonçalves , Santos Verônica Souza , Madureira Eduarda Vianna , Antunes Jéssica Silva , Santo Caique de Melo do Espirito , Leite Mariana Nascimento , Yamato Tiê Parma
Published: October 2023

Methods
We considered randomized controlled trials that included children and adolescents between 4 and 19 years old with acute or chronic/persistent musculoskeletal pain. We considered interventions including active and passive physical therapies related to all types of physical modalities aimed at reducing the intensity of pain or disability in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain. The description of interventions was assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist. We performed electronic searches in the following databases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsyINFO and PEDro up to October 2021. The study selection, data extraction and analysis procedures were carried out by two independent reviewers. The description of physical interventions was presented using frequencies, percentages and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the TIDieR checklist items described in each study. We also calculated the total TIDieR score for each study and presented these data as mean and standard deviation.
Results
We included 14 randomized controlled trials. The overall quality of description measured through the TIDieR checklist was poor, with an average of 12 (4.3) points out of 24. The item of the TIDieR that was mostly described was item 1 (brief name). The item for which the description was mostly absent was item 10 (modifications).
Conclusion
The descriptions of physical interventions for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents are usually poorly described, indicating the need for strategies to improve the quality of description to enable true clinical reproducibility.
Performance Analysis of Pilot-Based Channel
Estimation Techniques for Massive MIMO Uplink
Communication System
Authors: Adane Mulusew
Published: October 2023

Massive multiple input multiple output(MIMO) technology can support every
cell which has a base station (BS) with a large number of antennas and simultaneous use of the same resource. Therefore, Massive MIMO systems can give high
spectral (SE) and energy efciency (EE). However, in this technology, channel
estimation is one of the challenges that degrade the performance that need to
be addressed. In this work, we focus on the frst performance analysis of channel
estimation techniques for Massive MIMO in terms of computational complexity
and reliability. A practicable solution to solve the computational complexity and
reliability is to study the pilot-based channel estimators such as minimum mean
square error (MMSE), element-wise minimum mean square error (EW-MMSE),
and least square (LS) with their SE and EE. Time division duplex (TDD) protocol, spatial channel correlation, and multicell minimum mean square error
(M-MMSE) processing are also considered for reciprocity and pilot contamination
problems. We evaluate the performance of channel estimation techniques for the
Massive MIMO uplink system by using computational complexity, mean square
error (MSE), SE, and EE as performance metrics. The simulation results show
that pilot-based channel estimation has the lowest computational complexity and
the best reliability when compared to blind and semi-blind channel estimation
techniques. Moreover, MMSE estimators provided the lowest normalized MSE
and the highest achievable SE with the M-MMSE combining scheme
A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby as Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise
Authors: SÜT GÜNGÖR Pınar
Published: October 2023

American exceptionalism, which has been supposed to have a divine historiography, accentuates and represents various aspects of Americanness that manifest destiny and strong challenges. Its sense of independence and moral superiority stems from the mythos that prioritizes its uniqueness and responsibility as part of its formation process. This ideology, in particular, suggests that the prior history of these people is pointed toward the “New World” in order to build and glamorize their distinctive future. This study offers an overview of the connection between the ideology of American exceptionalism and the 8-rock families, as chosen people, in Toni Morrison’s novel Paradise. Morrison, in Paradise, portrays a black immigration movement that demands a long-term imperial settlement modeled by white American society. Facing the failure of Reconstruction, her characters strive to maintain their freedom and independence through self-imposed, forceful segregation. The assumption that grounds the study, therefore, is that the 8-rock families, the founders of Ruby Town, pattern the ideological formation of American exceptionalism, despite their coal-black skin color and inferior status in cultural paradigms, by adopting a policy of racial segregation. The solidification, as in the American case, implies that self-proclaimed New Founders are responsible for building an independent and superior community that embraces the doctrines of disenfranchisement and racism in America. In addressing this reciprocity and its outcomes, Morrison has confirmed that just like good things, discrimination and ideas of superiority are learned, and Ruby residents have learned to use their skin color as a tool of domination.
A Study on the Interpretation and Application of Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights: Focusing on the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, Lee Hyeong Seok
Published: October 2023

This study examines the interpretation and application of Article 2, the right to life, which is one of the most central rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. It is universally recognized that the right to life represents a fundamental right of all human beings and that its proper understanding and protection is a fundamental basis for individual freedom and respect for human rights. The European Convention on Human Rights is an important document that ensures that individuals in Europe are guaranteed their fundamental rights and freedoms as human beings. Article 2, the right to life, is at the heart of the Convention and guarantees one of the most fundamental rights that every human being has. However, the understanding and application of this right to life can raise complex issues in different social and political contexts. For this reason, this study aims to provide an in-depth examination of the complexities of the right to life. The aim is to examine the role of the right to life in ensuring human dignity and promoting social justice through the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Based on this, the general concept of the right to life and the interpretation of the right to life by the European Court of Human Rights will be introduced in the next chapter, followed by an analysis of the Court's main decisions, with the aim of bridging the gap between the theory and practice of the right to life.
Effects of the nutrient inhibition on the yield of DBPFPs by Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Zhiquan Liu , Rui Huang , Zhu Wang , Fuyi Cui , Chun Hu
Published: October 2023

The yield of three disinfection byproduct formation potentials (DBPFPs), including trichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid formation potential (TCMFP, DCAAFP and TCAAFP), by Microcystis aeruginosa under the nitrate and phosphate inhibition conditions was investigated. The results showed that excessive nitrate could inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa, but the concentration of DBPFPs in the five fractions of algal metabolites, including hydrophilic extracellular organic matter (EOM), hydrophobic EOM, hydrophilic intracellular organic matter, hydrophobic intracellular organic matter and cell debris, only decreased slightly. Accordingly, the productivity of DBPFPs by M. aeruginosa increased by approximately 40% under the nitrate inhibition condition and the increased productivity of DBPFPs mainly came from EOM. The phosphate inhibition also performed a similar pattern with a lesser extent. The nutrient inhibition did not change the proportion of these three DPBFPs, and TCMFP accounted for approximately 87% of the total DBPFPs. The inhibition could promote M. aeruginosa to secrete more metabolites. However, the cyanobacteria tended to secrete more DBPFPs under the nitrate inhibition condition, which resulted in an increased specific DBPFP, while they tended to secrete more non-DBPFPs under the phosphate inhibition condition, which resulted in a decreased specific DBPFP.
encomienda en tiempos de Hernán Cortés
Authors: Ramírez Calva Verenice Cipatli
Published: October 2023

Hernán Cortés encabezó un grupo de conquistadores a quienes benefició con encomiendas de indios a pesar de los deseos de la Corona. Su abrupta partida a las Hibueras hizo evidente la existencia de facciones que se disputaban el poder económico y político. En este artículo analizamos las razones por las que se reasignó la encomienda de Ixmiquilpan, en el actual estado de Hidalgo, a ocho individuos entre 1521 y 1566, así como los litigios que entre sí sostuvieron. Consideramos que las transformaciones ocurridas en la gobernación de la Nueva España explican los cambios en la titularidad de la encomienda. Gran parte de la presente investigación fue realizada con base en la documentación inédita generada en los pleitos legales que protagonizaron los encomenderos. Los resultados de la investigación permiten conocer cómo se configuró la primera generación de la sociedad colonial en un espacio regional al norte de México-Tenochtitlan, así como un acercamiento a la inestabilidad política de la primera mitad del siglo XVI en la Audiencia y Nueva España. Concluimos que, si bien Ixmiquilpan no constituía una encomienda de gran envergadura, para sus beneficiarios hacía la diferencia entre la pobreza y la subsistencia, además de que representaba una distinción señorial. Futuras investigaciones darán cuenta de la relación de los encomenderos con la población local.