bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Late Paleologian icon of the Nativity of Christ from the Patriarch’s museum of church art at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow: on the features of the painting style
Authors:   State Russian Museum, Bobrova Natalia Nikolaevna
Published: January 2023

Byzantine icons of the 14th century in Russian museums are scattered material. In this regard, the situation when it is possible to identify or at least raise the question of whether two icons of such an artistic level from different collections belong to the same master is almost unique. The Late Paleologian icon of the Resurrection of Lazarus from the the Russian Museum can without exaggeration be called the pearl of the collection. The icon was received by the Russian Museum in 1928 from the collection of G. N. Gamon-Gaman through the State Museum Fund. There is a small icon of the Nativity of Christ distinguished by high pictorial skill in the collection of the new Patriarchal Museum of Church Art at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. The study of this late Paleologian monument is just beginning, but the special relevance of its research is due to the fact that the artistic features allow us to compare this image with the aforementioned icon of the Resurrection of Lazarus, a landmark monument of the collection of the Russian Museum. A number of features of the icon of the Nativity painting technique makes it possible to speak about a significant stylistic community of these two monuments despite the fact that the preservation of it is not the best. The similarity of the nuances of color, the principles of shaping, the presence of common characteristic techniques in the construction of gaps, the picturesque solution of clothes, the dashed manner of modeling the light part of the slides, individual handwriting and great similarity in individual details, the general features of the drawing of the hands and feet of the characters, the nature of the vegetation image, the proportions of the figures, the size of the image, the features of gilding halos (on top of the paint layer) ― all these aspects reveal such a close similarity of painting techniques that it becomes possible to raise the question of identifying in this case the individual manner of one master and the belonging of these two icons to the festive row of the same iconostasis. Technical studies of the icon of the Resurrection of Lazarus were carried out by S. I. Golubev during the restoration in the Russian Museum in 1986–1990, the research results of which definitely make it possible for a more substantive comparative analysis of the two icons.
What is needed to know about Russian Compatriots?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Petrov Eugene Vadimovich
Published: January 2023

In 2022, the Saint-Petersburg University Press published the book “Russian Compatriots / Foreign Compatriots: Graduates of St. Petersburg State University ― Representatives of the Historical Thought of the Russian Diaspora: A Biographical Handbook” (St. Petersburg, 2022. 296 pp. ISBN 978-5-288-06216-2). This guide systematized the data on the professional activities of Saint Petersburg University alumni in exile and their participation in the development of Slavic studies at European and American Universities. Drawing on archival sources, it traces the formation of the Russian Abroad historical thought.
Two cornerstones of registration system and their influence
Authors:   Tomashevskaya & Partners, Zhuzhzhalov Mikhail
Published: January 2023

In the article, two primary functions of registration law are examined, namely securing information on legal relations regarding real property (“pure registration”) and attributing real property by the acts of public authorities (“public authorization”). These functions are considered as two basic principles of registration law that shape its norms, conflicting with each other, in terms of historical development, political and legal context. The historical analysis shows that the one or the other principle becomes decisive depending on the state policy and predominance of either centrifugal or centripetal tendencies with the state. “Public authorization” principle corresponds to centripetal tendencies and gets stronger as real estate becomes financial outlay of centrifugal forces. At that, centripetal tendencies may be confused with centrifugal tendencies when the registration system serves to redistribution of property and statuses in the state. Centrifugal tendency is coined by “public authorization” principle which ostensibly grows in strength when initially real estate constitutes the financial ground for centrifugal forces as the centripetal forces start dominating in the state. Centripetal tendency is characterized by closed number of titles in property, however, this number may be easily extended by amendments to the law, so that for those who can procure such amendments this list remains open. Centrifugal tendencies are welcomed by social strata that aim at fuller autonomy from the state on all social levels, remaining its subjects (“private property concept”). Political context suggests that not only registrar (functioning on the “pure registration” principle), but also public authority acting in substantive law dimension makes functional element of the registration system. In capitalist countries this authority would be the court with the powers to allow economic activity by means of awarding or rejecting claims for damages. In socialist countries this function is attributed to planning administrative authority, and real estate, along with property in general, is not among the factors that determine political and economical weight of the economic entity, and due to that, serves immediately the aim with which the real estate is granted, and the structure of the rights to it reflects it while serving strictly their purposes. By examination of legal context, the author considered the techniques (presumptions, fictions, burdens) which are applied to foster one of the principles, and the manifestations of their conflict. The author comes to conclusion that the tendency to promote “public authority” principle that intensifies these days in Russian registration system, stems from commercial courts’ interest in achieving a more active role in influencing Russian economy.
Some aspects of a comparative legal analysis of the doctrine of error at the conclusion of a contract
Authors:   Technologies of Trust — Legal Services LLC, Kornilina Polina
Published: January 2023

The article presents the result of a comparative legal analysis of the aspects of the doctrine of error at the contract conclusion. The general origin of the concept of error roots in Roman law and was further developed along with the concept of contract and its validity. It is interesting how a variety of legal theories of error developed from one common Roman beginning, each of which is in constant search for difficult compromises. The author considers in a comparative legal context the issue of the admissibility of error in the circumstances of the future. Existing exceptions to the generally accepted refusal to recognize the significance of error about future facts are reviewed. The article also analyzes the nature of the problem of assessing the significance of error. Firstly, the nature of the problem of assessing error can be related to the fundamental contradictions of the principles of contract law, which must be taken into account when considering the significance of error. The doctrine of mistake is at the intersection of basic civil law principles, namely, binding of the contractual obligations (pacta sunt servanda), on the one hand, and the principles of freedom and autonomy of will, on the other. In this regard, the doctrine is one of the most controversial doctrines of contract law and seeks a balance between the interests of the stability of the turnover and the interests of each individual participant. Secondly, the nature of the problem of assessment of error is related to the issue of the correlation between contractual theory and defects of will. Depending on the prevailing contract theory, liberal or interventional, the key tasks of law are determined, respectively: either ensuring formal equality of opportunities between the parties and guaranteeing procedural contractual fairness, or ensuring substantive contractual fairness. Depending on this, a balance is determined in the search for the significance of error. The author of the article also proposes to get acquainted with the results of a comparative legal study of the criteria for the significance of an error used in some countries of the European civil tradition and common law countries. Subjective and objective concepts of significance are analyzed, as well as combinations of their elements, which are reflected in the regulation of the considered legal orders. The study is useful for developing and improving the domestic doctrine of error.
Recent trend and issues in amending family law in Korea
Authors:   Korea University, Shin Young-Ho
Published: January 2023

Civil law countries generally include family law in their respective civil codes. The Republic of Korea is not the exception under this aspect. The Korean Civil Code which was enacted in 1958 and came into force in 1960 is structured on the base of the Pandekten system. Based on it, Part IV of the Civil Code is the law on relatives. The Korean Civil Code since its coming into effect on January 1, 1960 has been amended twenty nine times, among which thirteen amendments concerned the revision of the law on relatives. Given that general reluctance to amend the Civil Code in Korea, the relative regularity of the revisions show how significant the changes were that took place regarding family relations in the Korean society. A study of the history of amendments show that the factors of amending family law are three-fold. First, family law was amended for the purpose of gradual evolution of the Code by shedding elements of premodern law found therein. The amendments of 1962, 1977, 1990 and 2005 took place due to such a factor. Second, there were those amendments that were the result of the Korean Constitutional Court’s decision that determined that particular provisions inheritance were either unconstitutional or non-conformable to the Constitution. Third, family law was also amended in order to reflect the urbanization, industrialization, ageing of the Korean society and the rise of individualism, thereby strengthening the institution of family and affording more protection to the weak within the family. The latest amendment was the result of the latter. Among other things, the article pays some attention to the family legislation of North Korea, its specific features and unique structural differences from both the law of the Republic of Korea and the civilian tradition in general.
Chonse, a real property lease transaction unique to South Korea
Authors:   Korea University, Kim Jewan
Published: January 2023

This article is a tentative analysis of Korean real property lease transaction system, chonse, a lease with a large sum of the key money deposit and without monthly rent payments. Chonse is the dominant form of lease arrangement used by most middle-class families in Korea without ownership of real property for both principal residences and commercial business places. The author analyzes this unique institution of real estate lease exclusive to South Korea and describes main features and details of it as well as related legal systems. Chonse also has the character of a lending system for the real property owners, where the landlord has the same position of borrowing the money from the tenant and the lending term is the same as the lease period. The tenant as a creditor has the leased property at his/her possession for the term and the tenant has the legal interest not only of a usufructuary right but also of a security right of pledge or collateral. After a brief review of the legal characteristics and roles of chonse in the modern period of development of South Korea, the author critiques the changing role of the chonse system in the modern South Korean society. Continuous economic development, reform of the financial system, globalized lifestyle and home living, and most of all its shrinking and aging population as well as low interest rates and the flourishing of long-term mortgages are all circumstances that need to be taken into account in assessing the implications of the changes taking place with regard to chonse.
A comparative legal analysis of the institutions of non-contractual liability in the two Koreas
Authors:   Kangnam University, Lee Jewoo
Published: January 2023

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the tort law of the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The existing difference between the legal institutions of the two Koreas is considered, taking into account the influence of foreign legislation, among which special attention is given to the norms of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The author of the article shows that the historical roots of legal norms and the specifics of the political and economic system played a decisive role in the formation and development of the diametrically opposite institutions of tort law in the two Koreas. For example, the Civil Code of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, in contrast to the Civil Code of the Republic of Korea, establishes the principle of presumption of fault, which is a consequence of the direct and inevitable impact of Soviet law on North Korean legislation. Considering that, in contrast to bourgeois pre-revolutionary Russia, where, as in most Western countries and the Republic of Korea, the principle of the presumption of innocence in tort obligations was recognized, a change in the approach to fault took place in Soviet Russia due to socialist ideological factors. It was these ideological principles that formed the basis of the legislation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Meanwhile the Civil Code of the Republic of Korea from the very beginning was based on completely different principles, as was the case in most Western countries. In addition to general tort, this article studies the norms of special torts, among which the emphasis is on the norms on liability for harm caused by minors and for harm caused by activities that create increased danger to others. It is these norms that best reveal the differences in the legal policy pursued by the legislators in South and North Korea. As is the case with general tort, different ideological principles that form the basis of legislation in the two Koreas led to a difference in the law of special torts. Although at present, the gap between South and North Korean tort institutions is not critical, it will become a serious problem in the medium to long term, as it will negatively affect the potential for unification of the two Koreas.
Time series trend modelling and forecasting of selected water quality parameters in the Mthatha River Catchment, South Africa
Authors: Amoo Oseni Taiwo , Abayomi Abdultaofeek , Ikudayisi Akinola , Makupula Nombuyiselo
Published: January 2023

Over recent decades, water quality at the Mthatha River Catchment (MRC) within the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa has been threatened by various pollutants. The continuous effluent concentration discharges from the Mthatha Prison and the Efata School for the Blind and Deaf have caused ineffable damage to the Mthatha River's water quality. Thus, the time series-measured data between 2012 and 2020 were analysed to determine the trends and enable forecasting of selected water quality parameters using the Thomas–Fiering (T–F) stochastic model. The Kendall's τ test trends show an increase in the coefficient of variation of 0.498 and 0.394 at the Mthatha Prison and Efata School, respectively, for abrupt changes, whereas the mean monthly T–F forecasted model shows a good correlation value range from 0.79 to 0.87 for the various predicted variables. The simulated predicted models and trends could serve as a measure to forecast selected water quality parameters' occurrence and a likelihood period when the river pollutants could be controlled. Water managers and researchers would find usefulness in the employed tools for an effective control planning of the river pollutants.
Agricultural Land Involvement into Economic Circulation: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Petrikov A. V.
Published: January 2023

One of the important reserves for further growth of agricultural production in Russia is the economic development of currently unused agricultural land, the area of which is about 33 million hectares (16,7% of the total area of agricultural land in the country), including 18 million hectares of arable land. The measures taken by the government to stimulate the introduction of agricultural land into economic circulation are considered. The conclusion is made about the need for the development of small and medium-sized businesses as an important direction for improving the efficiency of land use. Proposals have been formulated to improve land policy in agriculture, including the adjustment of legislative legislation.
Main Approaches to the Implementation of Budget Policy Under the Conditions of Sanctions
Authors: Shabel’nikova S. I.
Published: January 2023

The formation of the main financial document of the country for the next budget cycle was carried out in the face of growing sanctions pressure. Trade, technological, financial restrictions on the part of a number of states have necessitated the adoption of systemic measures aimed at structural restructuring and technological modernization of the economy. Accordingly, the Government of the Russian Federation faced a serious task of financing priority measures to reorient export deliveries, develop transport and logistics corridors, digitalize sectors of the economy, ensure production chains within the country, technological sovereignty, stimulate entrepreneurial, private investment, innovative activity, develop the financial system, increase flexibility labor market. At the same time, it is mandatory to maintain a balanced budget system. The article discusses the main approaches to the implementation of budget policy, the formation of the federal budget, the definition of mechanisms for financial support of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to ensure the sustainability of budgets at all levels.
Fused Azepinones with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Kunick C.
Published: January 2023

Based on the observation that some simple [l]benzazepin-2-ones exhibit in vivo antitumor activity, studies directed to several new structure classes with this partial motif have been reported recently, comprising 7,l 2-dihydro-indolo[3,2-d][l ]benzazepin- 6(5H)-ones (paullones), 5H-quinolino[3,2-d][ I ]benzazepin-6(7H)-ones, 2,4-diaryl-5H• pyrido[3,2-d][ I ]benzazepin-6(7H)-ones, spiro[ l-benzazepine-4, l '-cyclohexane] deri va­ tives, and naphthannelated benzazepinones. For the syntheses of these heterocyclic compounds, IH-[l]benzazepine-2,5(3H,4H)-diones were employed as readily available ;
starting materials. In each of the mentioned series, entities with in vitro antitumor activity have been detected. Considering potency and in vitro cell line selectivity, both the 2,4-diaryl-5H-pyrido[3,2-d][ I ]benzazepin- 6(7H)-ones and the paullones are apparently suitable for a further development. A biological mechanism probably related to the antiproliferative activity has been established only for the paullones. These compounds represent a novel class of selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, a family of enzymes whose function seems to be deregulated in many human tumors.
Digital Dependence in Organizations: Impacts on the Physical and Mental Health of Employees
Authors: Gonçalves Lucio Lage , Nardi Antonio Egidio , King Anna Lucia Spear
Published: January 2023

Digital Dependence is a person's persistent inability to regulate digital devices on which they have become highly dependent. Internet dependence has been described since the mid-1990s, and studies on this topic have intensified since 2010. This type of individual dependence has received considerable published literature, but it is new in the collective setting of organizations, offering the hypothesis that it can also be collective, given the impacts it can provide. Research has evolved geographically from three countries to 17 since the beginning of the last decade, with 7 new scales for digital dependence. There were 13 new revalidations of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), with an increase from 1,000 to 13,000 volunteers. Geographical evolution and an increase in the number of scales and volunteers and their different profiles were described. New approaches reinforce evolution and its impacts on human behavior. This study provides historical insight into Digital Dependence and opens new prospects for research on the differences between nations and people, sexes, professionals, and the need for further research in organizations.
Crafting the Synergistic Fusion of Algal Cultivation with Effective Industrial CO2 Mitigation
Authors: Singh Shailendra Kumar , Sharma Abhijeet , Srivastava Shruti , Sharma Lokesh , Sundaram Shanthy
Published: January 2023

Amongall challenges facing humanity today, global warming has become a major concern in the last two decades due to an increase of almost 2.41 mg.L-1of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels. Although many CO2 capture technologies have ramped up significantly in the last few decades, most of them are still not sustainable with scanty economic incentive to use it. Harnessing the inherent ability of photosynthetic microorganisms as algae to capture and convert CO2 into value added products and fuels has great prospective for utilization of atmospheric carbon waste. A synergistic union of algal cultivation with effective mitigation of CO2 emitted from power plants has been proved as economically viable and energetically feasible as algae can fix CO2 ten times greater than terrestrial plants. In order to meet current bio-economy challenges to produce high-value multiple products at a time, new integrated strategies are necessary for algal cultivation with cost-effective CO2 capturing from thermoelectric plants. The feasibility of large-scale algal cultivation depends on various physico-chemical parameters, affecting growth as well as carbon mitigation efficiency, directly or indirectly. This paper highlights the vital variables which help to craft an efficient algae cultivation system particularly for effective industrial CO2 mitigation. It includes algal-bacteria interactions, physicochemical conditions, cultivation system and utilization of produced algal biomass toward value addition. The aim is to apply the fundamentals of algae based integrated approaches to capture CO2 and achieve a green economy that improves the quality of energy, environment, and health of mankind.
Refractive Error and Ocular Biometry among Young Adults from Cuiabá, Brazil
Authors: Cunha Celso Marcelo , Marchezine Giovanna , Cunha Jessica Teixeira , de Lima Guilherme Morais Baracat , Monteiro da Silva Ingrid Martins , Rosa João Marcelo Vedoin , Ribeiro Mariana Madrona , Novaes Matheus Bittencourt , Carvalho Vinicius Dal Ponte , de Aguilar Nascimento José Eduardo , Iribarren Rafael
Published: January 2023

Objective

To investigate the distribution of refractive errors and their association with ocular biometric data, family history and environment variables in medical university students of first to six semesters of UNIVAG - MT.

Methods

A general ophthalmological exam was performed including, corneal topography, and ocular optical biometry. Lens power has calculated by Bennett and Rozema’s formula. A questionnaire regarding family history of myopia and lifestyle visual activities was applied. Only university students with normal ophthalmological exams were included. Statistical significance was considered at the level of p<0.05.

Results

One hundred twenty-eight students were selected, whereas other 13 were excluded. The mean age was 21.28 ± 2.18 years. Forty-four (34.4%) participants were males. Regarding refractive errors, 18 (14.1%) were hyperopic, 41 (32%) were emmetropic, 61 (47.7%) were myopic, and 8 (6.3%) were high myopic. The mean and standard deviations of spherical equivalents, axial lengths, keratometries (K1 and K2), and lens powers were -1.27 ± 2.21 D, 24.17 ± 1.07 mm, 42.90 ± 1.25 D, 43.94 ± 1.37 D, and 22.62 ± 1.73 D, respectively. In relation to the family history of myopia, one parent was myopic in 28 (50%) of subjects, and both parents were myopic in 7 (12.5%) subjects. The average of hours per week spent outdoors were 5.82 +/- 7.38 hs. and spent 6.85 +/- 6.26 hs. at sports activities at night.

Conclusion

Myopia was the most frequent refractive error among the medical university students subject of this study, and was approximately three times higher than those reported for other samples of Brazilian population. There was a positive correlation between refraction errors and axial length.
Role of SIRT-1 as a Target for Treatment and Prevention of Diabetic
Nephropathy: A Review
Authors: Kumari Anita , Sodum Nalini , Ravichandiran Velayutham , Kumar Nitesh
Published: January 2023

Type-2 diabetes mellitus is a prime factor for the development of Diabetic Nephropathy
(DN) that affects the vital organ namely the kidneys, and further alters the functions of the
nephron system. DN is nowadays becoming a challenge for scientists towards the world because
of its high pervasiveness and complexity of medication. Various risk factors are involved
in the initiation of pathogenic DN, which are associated with different pathways against drug
activity. Due to this DN becomes an unpredictable query to the researchers. SIRT1 is a silent
information regulator factor 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NAD+) dependent deacetylase that functions as an intracellular regulator of transcriptional activity.
An activated version of SIRT-1 improves the metabolic diseased conditions associated
with other molecular pathways. SIRT1 attenuates diabetic nephropathy in in vitro and in vivo
experimental models of diabetes containing Podocytes, Mesangial cells, and Renal proximal
tubular cells. SIRT1 shows nephroprotective effects in DN in part through deacetylation of
transcription factors i.e., imply in the disease like p53, PTP1B, FOXO, RelA, NF- kβ, STAT-3,
and PGC-1α/ PPARγ. It has been shown that some natural products like resveratrol and synthetic
compounds are activating the SIRT1, this further involved the cascade pathways to prevent
the DN. This review will help regarding the effectiveness of SIRT1as target in the prevention
and treatment of DN.
Constructing Indonesian Composite Infrastrcuture Index using Principal Component Analysis.
Authors:   Student of Universitas Brawijaya, HERDIANSAH FIRMAN , Pangestuty Farah
Published: January 2023

This article aims to develop Indonesia's economic infrastructure indices, including transportation, telecommunications, education, and financial. The index employs indicators from 2018 at the regency level using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to aggregate the index for each infrastructure component. The result shows that the use of PCA to reduce the data dimensions is quite effective in producing indices because the principal components are very representative of the data set as a whole.
Reflexiones sobre algunos diagnósticos y recomendaciones de la Misión de Empleo 2021
Authors: Pérez Torres Francisco José
Published: January 2023

Este ensayo presenta un balance de los aspectos sustanciales expuestos en el informe ejecutivo de la Misión de Empleo 2021. De un lado, identifica la propuesta de Protección Social Universal como la más importante contribución para el devenir de la vida laboral de los colombianos, en particular por su modalidad de financiación y los beneficios para la población y las empresas. De otro lado, puntualiza aspectos críticos ignorados por la Misión conectados con el problema de la ocupación en la economía informal y el empleo formal del país; controvierte el diagnóstico y las recomendaciones sobre el salario mínimo y discute la inconveniencia para que el país retorne a un esquema de salario mínimo diferencial. Se argumenta por qué el crecimiento de la economía generado por el modelo de desarrollo económico extractivista del país y las reformas al marco jurídico laboral, en los últimos 40 años, han probado ser variables poco eficientes para superar la economía informal y el desempleo, lo que estaría significando la necesidad, no contemplada por la Misión, de que el país implemente audaces políticas sociales y económicas que provoquen transformaciones estructurales definitivas.
Impuestos mineros comparados: Guanajuato y San Luis Potosí, 1821-1835
Authors: Escalante Amor Mildred , Gámez Moisés
Published: January 2023

En este trabajo se estudian los impuestos mineros en el proceso de construcción del Estado y de la Hacienda Pública de la nación mexicana durante el Primer Imperio y la Primera República Federal, desde una perspectiva comparada del marco institucional, con base en leyes, decretos y circulares que gravaron la producción, circulación y exportación de metales, así como los impuestos a los insumos mineros. Lo anterior, para entender la gestación del sistema fiscal en materia minera en Guanajuato y San Luis Potosí, los cuales presentaron cambios y adaptaciones estatales y federales sucedidas durante el periodo de 1821 a 1835, a partir de sus definiciones, límites impositivos, alcances, resultados, las exenciones de impuestos y su impacto en los contribuyentes.
“Una rebelión fiscal”: Estado, asociaciones agrarias y protesta durante la crisis del modelo convertible en Argentina (fines del siglo XX)
Authors: Carini Gabriel Fernando
Published: January 2023

El régimen convertible en Argentina, vigente desde 1991 hasta 2002, supuso una reestructuración de las relaciones entre los actores económicos y el Estado, en particular en la faz fiscal. Estas mutaciones alentaron la emergencia de acciones colectivas de protesta, no solo por parte de las asociaciones que tradicionalmente habían representado a los productores agropecuarios, sino también de colectivos que se configuraron a partir de la crítica situación. El objetivo de este artículo es reconstruir esa coyuntura a partir de las demandas y de las representaciones de los mencionados actores agrarios, en especial aquellas que hacen referencia al Estado y el lazo fiscal.
Translating and Adapting the DISCERN Instrument Into a Simplified Chinese Version and Validating Its Reliability: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Shan Yi , Xing Zhaoquan , Dong Zhaogang , Ji Meng , Wang Ding , Cao Xiangting
Published: January 2023

Background

There is a wide variation in the quality of information available to patients on the treatment of the diseases afflicting them. To help patients find clear and accessible information, many scales have been designed to evaluate the quality of health information, including the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool; the Suitability Assessment of Materials for evaluation of health-related information for adults; and DISCERN, an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. These instruments are primarily in English. Few of them have been translated and adapted into simplified Chinese tools for health information assessment in China.

Objective

This study aimed to translate and adapt DISCERN into the first simplified Chinese version and validate the psychometric properties of this newly developed scale for judging the quality of patient-oriented health information on treatment choices.

Methods

First, we translated DISCERN into simplified Chinese using rigorous guidelines for translation and validation studies. We tested the translation equivalence and measured the content validity index. We then presented the simplified Chinese instrument to 3 health educators and asked them to use it to assess the quality of 15 lung cancer–related materials. We calculated the Cohen κ coefficient and Cronbach α for all items and for the entire scale to determine the reliability of the new tool.

Results

We decided on the simplified Chinese version of the DISCERN instrument (C-DISCERN) after resolving all problems in translation, adaptation, and content validation. The C-DISCERN was valid and reliable: the content validity index was 0.98 (47/48, 98% of the items) for clarity and 0.94 (45/48, 94% of the items) for relevance, the Cronbach α for internal consistency was .93 (95% CI 0.699-1.428) for the whole translated scale, and the Cohen κ coefficient for internal consistency was 0.53 (95% CI 0.417-0.698).

Conclusions

C-DISCERN is the first simplified Chinese version of the DISCERN instrument. Its validity and reliability have been attested to assess the quality of patient-targeted information for treatment choices.
Fine-tuning Strategies for Classifying Community-Engaged Research Studies Using Transformer-Based Models: Algorithm Development and Improvement Study
Authors: Ferrell Brian J
Published: January 2023

Background

Community-engaged research (CEnR) involves institutions of higher education collaborating with organizations in their communities to exchange resources and knowledge to benefit a community’s well-being. While community engagement is a critical aspect of a university's mission, tracking and reporting CEnR metrics can be challenging, particularly in terms of external community relations and federally funded research programs. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for classifying CEnR studies that have been submitted to our university's institutional review board (IRB) to capture the level of community involvement in research studies. Tracking studies in which communities are “highly engaged” enables institutions to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of CEnR.

Objective

We aimed to develop an updated experiment to classify CEnR and capture the distinct levels of involvement that a community partner has in the direction of a research study. To achieve this goal, we used a deep learning–based approach and evaluated the effectiveness of fine-tuning strategies on transformer-based models.

Methods

In this study, we used fine-tuning techniques such as discriminative learning rates and freezing layers to train and test 135 slightly modified classification models based on 3 transformer-based architectures: BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), Bio+ClinicalBERT, and XLM-RoBERTa. For the discriminative learning rate technique, we applied different learning rates to different layers of the model, with the aim of providing higher learning rates to layers that are more specialized to the task at hand. For the freezing layers technique, we compared models with different levels of layer freezing, starting with all layers frozen and gradually unfreezing different layer groups. We evaluated the performance of the trained models using a holdout data set to assess their generalizability.

Results

Of the models evaluated, Bio+ClinicalBERT performed particularly well, achieving an accuracy of 73.08% and an F1-score of 62.94% on the holdout data set. All the models trained in this study outperformed our previous models by 10%-23% in terms of both F1-score and accuracy.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that transfer learning is a viable method for tracking CEnR studies and provide evidence that the use of fine-tuning strategies significantly improves transformer-based models. Our study also presents a tool for categorizing the type and volume of community engagement in research, which may be useful in addressing the challenges associated with reporting CEnR metrics.
Effect of Modality on Transfer of Linguistic Stimuli from Short-Term to Long Term Memory: Evidence on Immediate and Delayed Recall
Authors: Panchakshari Abhishek Budiguppe , Bebayal Getcy , - Nithyashree
Published: January 2023

Memory is considered as an important cognitive domain found to be important in our daily-walks of life. Short term and long term memory are considered as the main variants under memory. The information in short term memory is prone to be transferred to the long term memory through attention, practice, rehearsal. The current study aims to investigate the effect of modality on transfer of linguistic stimuli from short to long term memory. 20 neuro-typical Tamil speaking participants were recruited for the study. The participants were divided into two groups based on random sampling. Auditory task was administered on the first group where the participants were presented with sentences and were asked to remember the key/content word. While auditory plus visual task was administered on the second group of participants. Recall of key/content words was tested at the level of immediate and delayed recall conditions. On immediate recall condition, there was no difference between the two groups but on delayed recall condition, modality of stimulus presentation had a significant role as the group presented with auditory stimulus performed well compared to the group presented with auditory plus visual modalities
Diagnosing COVID-19: diagnostic importance of detectingEgene of the SARS-CoV-2 genome
Authors: Barjaktarović Iva , Maletić Jelena Stojčević , Vučinić Nataša , Milutinović Aleksandra , Grujičić Maja , Čabarkapa Velibor
Published: January 2023

Aim: To evaluate the significance of E gene analysis in addition to N and RdRp genes of SARS-CoV-2, and to compare the specificity and sensitivity of targets. Materials & methods: We used two reverse transcription-PCR assays: one targeting N, E and RdRp and the other targeting N and RdRp genes and analyzed variation in threshold cycle (Ct) values. Results: Of the 155 samples, 70.32% tested positive: all three genes were detected in 45.87%, N and RdRp in 19.27% and only N in 34.86%. Patients negative for the E gene were tested after symptoms disappeared and Ct values were significantly higher. Conclusion: Samples negative for the E gene were potentially false positive and clinical conditions should be assessed while interpreting results.
Los impactos emocionales de la deportación: el caso de Ana Laura, una mirada desde el trabajo social
Authors: Díaz Mendiburo Aaraón , Valdivia Ramírez Montserrat , López Ana Laura
Published: January 2023

Las migraciones tienen diversas aristas, las hay de diferente índole y pueden cambiar de manera abrupta o ser continuas, lo que hace bastante difícil su análisis. El caso de México es una muestra de esta complejidad. Por sus características económicas, políticas, geográficas y culturales se le ha denominado un país de emigración por su vasta expulsión de migrantes que tradicionalmente se dirigen a Estados Unidos; de tránsito, esto por ubicarse en uno de los corredores migratorios más importantes; de inmigración, por ser un polo de atracción para los jubilados (estadounidenses y canadienses principalmente) y por las diversas oportunidades que pudiese llegar a ofrecer a personas de otras nacionalidades; y, finalmente, de retorno de migrantes, la mayoría provenientes de Estados Unidos, ya sea de manera voluntaria o forzada. La literatura sobre migración se ha enfocado fundamentalmente a explicar las causas y consecuencias de los países de origen y destino en el proceso migratorio y, en menor medida, al tránsito y el retorno de personas migrantes. En este artículo nos enfocaremos en este último tipo de migración. A través del caso de Ana Laura y, desde la mirada del trabajo social, exploramos los impactos y retos que implica la deportación bajo un contexto de desesperanza generado por los propios Estados a través de sus políticas migratorias, en este caso México y Estados Unidos.
El uso de la lectoescritura en los alumnos de educación superior: caso de estudio, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Authors: Aguirre Sánchez Karla Marisol
Published: January 2023

El interés por hacer este tipo de investigación se basó en la preocupación de que, en la actualidad, las dificultades que presentan en la escritura y la lectura los alumnos de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa son alarmantes, además, encontramos cómo es que el contacto con el texto escrito despierta en los estudiantes aburrimiento, miedo, indiferencia, y actitudes que algunos profesores tratan de evitar realizando actividades de aula centradas en la comunicación oral. Se buscó determinar el tipo de estrategias lectoras usadas en la educación superior, las estrategias empleadas por los estudiantes en la resolución de preguntas abiertas, con miras a proporcionar a la comunidad académica un diseño de estrategias metodológicas en las distintas áreas del conocimiento, con el fin de mejorar la calidad académica de los futuros profesionales a través del lenguaje.
Hacia un diccionario de aprendizaje en el contexto de la convergencia mediática
Authors: Luan Yun
Published: January 2023

La convergencia mediática ha cambiado en gran medida las formas de producir, organizar y difundir la lengua escrita y hablada y, al mismo tiempo, ha ofrecido oportunidades para el desarrollo de la digitalización y la compilación de los diccionarios en la era informática. En el presente trabajo, partiendo del mecanismo de desarrollo de la difusión de informaciones mediáticas y, también, de la fuente teórica y técnica del diccionario de la convergencia mediática, se han estudiado principalmente los siguientes aspectos: 1) el vínculo entre el diccionario, la multimodalidad y la técnica de la convergencia mediática; 2) la idea de diseño del diccionario de aprendizaje en el contexto de la convergencia mediática; 3) las características estructurales de los datos lexicográficos y los métodos de solución correspondientes; 4) propuestas concretas para la elaboración de la base de datos del diccionario de convergencia, teniendo en cuenta las características de representaciones multimodales y los rasgos de publicación cross-media de dicho diccionario.
De viaje virtual por México, Canadá y el resto del mundo
Authors: Rocha Osornio Juan Carlos
Published: January 2023

En este artículo se presentan el diseño, desarrollo y resultados de una propuesta didáctica basada en un proyecto telecolaborativo al que llamamos intercambio virtual (IV) para la práctica de español e inglés como lenguas extranjeras entre estudiantes de la Universidad de Toronto (Canadá) y la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (México). Dicha propuesta está basada en el modelo e-tandem (O’Rourke, 2007), en el que dos hablantes nativos de lenguas diferentes se comunican con el objetivo de crear un ambiente positivo que favorezca la práctica del idioma que aprenden. A lo largo de diez sesiones de intercambio virtual que tuvieron lugar durante un año (febrero de 2021-febrero de 2022), se observaron dos elementos que, en conjunto, muestran algunos de los beneficios de implementar un intercambio virtual: el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural y la motivación como detonante de la proficiencia lingüística. La importancia de la comunicación mediatizada por la computadora (CMC) radica en que fomenta un acercamiento global y holístico del aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras (LE).
La aporía del ser en Aristóteles: lenguaje, realidad y verdad
Authors: Pérez Morales Enrique
Published: January 2023

Refutar el relativismo sofista (el homo mensura de Protágoras), es una de las tareas más urgentes que se propone la filosofía de Aristóteles. De aceptar su validez se borraría la distinción entre lo bueno y lo malo, lo verdadero y lo falso, la realidad y la ficción, el ser y el no-ser. El relativismo sofistas, al rechazar la unidad esencial del ser y diseminar su significación hasta el infinito, impide la posibilidad de un conocimiento verdadero, justo y bueno sobre lo real, promoviendo un alarmante “todo vale”. Para rebatirlo, Aristóteles intenta demostrar que el ser (lo real) posee en sí una substancia esencial (ousíā) que le otorga estabilidad ontológica fuera de toda contingencia sociohistórica. La ousíā (esencia), al fijar la identidad del ser, garantiza la posibilidad de su referencia unívoca e inequívoca y, por tanto, del conocimiento y la verdad. Ahora bien, al momento de dar cuenta de la ousíā como fundamento de la unidad del ser, Aristóteles no hace sino abrir una aporía: la ousíā, el ser del que es (esencia), se dice de muchas maneras, existe una irreductible diversidad en su significación. La diversidad de significaciones remite a una pluralidad de esencias, lo cual señala, paradójicamente, la imposibilidad de la identidad fija y plena del ser, la imposibilidad de la unidad y estabilidad ontológica de lo real. El presente artículo tiene como objeto analizar y reflexionar críticamente esa aporía del ser en Aristóteles.
Aceleración sin-distancia. Acotaciones heideggerianas sobre la era tecnológica
Authors: Xolocotzi Yáñez Ángel
Published: January 2023

El presente texto busca poner de manifiesto las condiciones que hicieron posible que la concepción de tiempo en la época tecnológica contemporánea haya devenido como aceleración e inmediatez a partir de lo que Heidegger llama lo “sin-distancia”. El texto está dividido en tres secciones, en la primera, siguiendo la interpretación heideggeriana de la esencia de la modernidad, abordaré los presupuestos que verán nacer la época técnica contemporánea y sus respectivos modos de desenvolvimiento, uno de ellos, la era tecnológica. En la segunda sección ahondaré en el fenómeno de la espacialidad, expuesta en Ser y tiempo, como un elemento constitutivo para entender la forma en la que el fenómeno del tiempo devino en aceleración a partir de lo sin-distancia y la perdida de lejanías y cercanías. Por último, en la tercera sección reflexionaré sobre la temporalidad actual y sus respectivos modos de interpretación. La tarea principal es llevar a cabo una reconstrucción temática desde los postulados heideggerianos que den cuenta del actual modo en el que la concepción de tiempo se ha transformado y atisbar algunos de los peligros que esto provoca.
Simulación numérica de la radiación de Cherenkov sobre una estructura de CNT de tamaños variables para diferentes velocidades de carga
Authors: Medina Ángel Gustavo , Martínez Sánchez Erika , Burlak Gennadiy
Published: January 2023

Investigamos el campo electromagnético que genera un sistema de nanotubos de carbono de longitud y radio variable que interactúa con una carga que viaja a una velocidad rápida por encima de una nanoestructura de CNTs. Los nanotubos simulados se encuentran resonando a una determinada frecuencia ω_p parámetro importante de resonancia que genera diferentes niveles de plasmones de superficie. En nuestra investigación numérica aplicamos el método FDTD (Diferencias finitas en el dominio del tiempo) para estudiar un rango de frecuencias ω_p en donde encontramos un pico máximo de energía de plasmones-polaritones con un acoplamiento optimo entre la carga y el sistema de CNTs.