bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ear for recovery: protocol for a prospective study on parent–child communication and psychological recovery after paediatric injury
Authors: Alisic Eva , Barrett Anna , Bowles Peter , Babl Franz E , Conroy Rowena , McClure Roderick J , Anderson Vicki , Mehl Matthias R
Published: February 2015

Introduction

One in six children who have been admitted to hospital with an injury develop persistent stress symptoms that put their development at risk. Parents play a crucial role in children's psychological recovery, however, it is unknown how specific parenting behaviours can help or hinder. We aim to describe the nature and quantity of parent–child communication after a child has been injured, and to examine how these interactions are related to children's psychological recovery.

Methods and analysis

We are conducting a prospective observational study among children aged 3–16 years, who have been admitted to a tertiary children's hospital with a serious injury. Data collection involves a naturalistic observation of spontaneous, everyday parent–child communication at home, shortly after discharge, and an assessment of children's psychological recovery at 6 weeks and 3 months post-injury. Main analyses comprise descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and analyses of variance.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne (33103) and Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (CF13/2515—2013001322). We aim to disseminate the findings through international peer-reviewed journals, international conferences and social media. Participants will be sent a summary of the overall study findings.
Positive and negative behaviours in workplace relationships: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Almost Joan , Wolff Angela , Mildon Barbara , Price Sheri , Godfrey Christina , Robinson Sandra , Ross-White Amanda , Mercado-Mallari Sheile
Published: February 2015

Introduction

Engaging in teamwork requires a clear understanding of positive and negative behaviours that act as facilitators and barriers to collegial workplace relationships. Identifying and correcting underlying barriers, while promoting facilitators, is fundamental to improving care delivery and, ultimately, clinical outcomes. Despite a considerable amount of literature in this area, there is a lack of clarity of the different behaviours as several parallel literatures address similar questions about antecedents, processes and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to synthesise the current state of literature reporting on behaviours in workplace relationships. Using a scoping review methodology, the following research question will be addressed: “What is known about positive and negative behaviours in workplace relationships?”

Methods and analysis

We will employ the methodological frameworks used by Arksey and O'Malley and Levacet al. The search strategy will include numerous electronic databases, grey literature sources and hand-searching of reference lists from 1990 to present with a limit to English language. Search strategies will be developed using controlled vocabulary and keyword terms related to various components of workplace relationships. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts for inclusion, followed by screening of the full text of potential articles to determine final inclusion. A descriptive numerical analysis will describe characteristics of included studies. A thematic analysis will provide an overview of the literature, including definitions, conceptual frameworks, antecedents, outcomes and interventions.

Dissemination

In reviewing a wide range of positive and negative behaviours, then integrating into a manageable, meaningful whole, this study is a critical step in helping policymakers, leaders and healthcare professionals effectively use what is known thus far. Knowledge translation activities will occur throughout the study with dissemination of findings to local, national, and international stakeholders, including a wide range of clinicians, leaders and administrators in all sectors.
Hemodynamics in growing and stable cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Sforza Daniel M , Kono Kenichi , Tateshima Satoshi , Viñuela Fernando , Putman Christopher , Cebral Juan R
Published: February 2015

Objective

The detailed mechanisms of cerebral aneurysm evolution are poorly understood but are important for objective aneurysm evaluation and improved patient management. The purpose of this study was to identify hemodynamic conditions that may predispose aneurysms to growth.

Methods

A total of 33 intracranial unruptured aneurysms longitudinally followed with three-dimensional imaging were studied. Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics models were constructed and used to quantitatively characterize the hemodynamic environments of these aneurysms. Hemodynamic characteristics of growing (n=16) and stable (n=17) aneurysms were compared. Logistic regression statistical models were constructed to test the predictability of aneurysm growth by hemodynamic features.

Results

Growing aneurysms had significantly smaller shear rate ratios (p=0.01), higher concentration of wall shear stress (p=0.03), smaller vorticity ratios (p=0.01), and smaller viscous dissipation ratios (p=0.01) than stable aneurysms. They also tended to have larger areas under low wall shear stress (p=0.06) and larger aspect ratios (p=0.18), but these trends were not significant. Mean wall shear stress was not significantly different between growing and stable aneurysms. Logistic regression models based on hemodynamic variables were able to discriminate between growing and stable aneurysms with a high degree of accuracy (94–100%).

Conclusions

Growing aneurysms tend to have complex intrasaccular flow patterns that induce non-uniform wall shear stress distributions with areas of concentrated high wall shear stress and large areas of low wall shear stress. Statistical models based on hemodynamic features seem capable of discriminating between growing and stable aneurysms.
Hemodynamic characteristics of large unruptured internal carotid artery aneurysms prior to rupture: a case control study
Authors: Liu Jian , Fan Jixing , Xiang Jianping , Zhang Ying , Yang Xinjian
Published: February 2015

Objective

Post-ruptured intracranial aneurysm geometry models have been widely used in computational fluid dynamic studies to assess hemodynamic parameters associated with aneurysm rupture. However, their results may not be valid due to the morphological changes of the aneurysm after rupture. Our aim was to identify the hemodynamic features of aneurysms prior to rupture in comparison with unruptured aneurysms.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively identified three large unruptured internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms (pre-ruptured group) with adequate image quality just before rupture. Matched with the same location and similar size, eight unruptured aneurysms (unruptured group) were selected as controls during the same time period. Flow simulations for these aneurysms were performed to compare differences in hemodynamics.

Results

Compared with unruptured aneurysms, pre-ruptured aneurysms had a significantly more irregular aneurysm shape, a higher aspect ratio, and lower aneurysm averaged wall shear stress (WSS) (p=0.024, p=0.048, and p=0.048, respectively). Although pre-ruptured aneurysms had a lower low WSS area and higher Oscillatory Shear Index, these were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

For large unruptured ICA aneurysms, low WSS, higher aspect ratio, and irregular shape were indicators of fatal rupture. Early treatment for such lesions with flow diverter and coils may be the best therapeutic option.
Republished: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a practical approach to treatment
Authors: Dyson J K , Anstee Q M , McPherson S
Published: February 2015

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to a third of the population in many developed countries. Between 10% and 30% of patients with NAFLD have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can progress to cirrhosis. There are metabolic risk factors common to both NAFLD and cardiovascular disease, so patients with NASH have an increased risk of liver-related and cardiovascular death. Management of patients with NAFLD depends largely on the stage of disease, emphasising the importance of careful risk stratification. There are four main areas to focus on when thinking about management strategies in NAFLD: lifestyle modification, targeting the components of the metabolic syndrome, liver-directed pharmacotherapy for high risk patients and managing the complications of cirrhosis.
Republished: Key characteristics of successful quality improvement curricula in physician education: a realist review
Authors: Jones Anne C , Shipman Scott A , Ogrinc Greg
Published: February 2015

Purpose

Quality improvement (QI) is a common competency that must be taught in all physician training programmes, yet, there is no clear best approach to teach this content in clinical settings. We conducted a realist systematic review of the existing literature in QI curricula within the clinical setting, highlighting examples of trainees learning QI by doing QI.

Method

Candidate theories describing successful QI curricula were articulated a priori. We searched MEDLINE (1 January 2000 to 12 March 2013), the Cochrane Library (2013) and Web of Science (15 March 2013) and reviewed references of prior systematic reviews. Inclusion criteria included study design, setting, population, interventions, clinical and educational outcomes. The data abstraction tool included categories for setting, population, intervention, outcomes and qualitative comments. Themes were iteratively developed and synthesised using realist review methodology. A methodological quality tool assessed the biases, confounders, secular trends, reporting and study quality.

Results

Among 39 studies, most were before–after design with resident physicians as the primary population. Twenty-one described clinical interventions and 18 described educational interventions with a mean intervention length of 6.58 (SD=9.16) months. Twenty-eight reported successful clinical improvements; no studies reported clinical outcomes that worsened. Characteristics of successful clinical QI curricula include attention to the interface of educational and clinical systems, careful choice of QI work for the trainees and appropriately trained local faculty.

Conclusions

This realist review identified success characteristics to guide training programmes, medical schools, faculty, trainees, accrediting organisations and funders to further develop educational and improvement resources in QI educational programmes.
Should single layer centrifugation of dog semen be done before or after the semen is cooled?
Authors: Gálvez M. J. , Ortiz I. , Hidalgo M. , Morrell J. M. , Dorado J.
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of sperm selection by single layer centrifugation (SLC) on canine sperm quality when SLC was performed before or after the cooling process, or when double SLC (before and after cooling) was performed. Twenty ejaculates from four dogs were divided into four aliquots as follows: unselected: no SLC was performed; SLC prior to cooling (SLC‐PC): sperm selection was carried out before cooling; SLC after cooling (SLC‐AC): sperm selection was performed after cooling; and double SLC: sperm selection was carried out before and after cooling. Sperm motility (by computer‐assisted semen analysis), morphology (Diff‐Quick staining), sperm membrane integrity (Vital‐Test kit) and acrosome integrity (double fluorescent stain) were assessed in re‐warmed semen samples. Four sperm subpopulations (sP) were detected using a pattern analysis technique (sP1: highly active, non‐progressive; sP2: low velocity, highly progressive; sP3: less vigorous, poorly progressive; sP4: highly progressive motility). A higher proportion of sperm were classified as sP4 in SLC‐AC samples. Most of the sperm parameters assessed showed higher values in the SLC‐AC group. We conclude that SLC‐AC is the best protocol to improve sperm quality in chilled canine semen in comparison to the other procedures tested.
Chronic activation of pattern recognition receptors suppresses brown adipogenesis of multipotent mesodermal stem cells and brown pre-adipocytes
Authors: Bae Jiyoung , Chen Jiangang , Zhao Ling
Published: February 2015

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) holds promise to combat obesity through energy-spending, non-shivering thermogenesis. Understanding of regulation of BAT development can lead to novel strategies to increase BAT mass and function for obesity treatment and prevention. Here, we report the effects of chronic activation of PRR on brown adipogenesis of multipotent mesodermal stem C3H10T1/2 cells and immortalized brown pre-adipocytes from the classical interscapular BAT of mice. Activation of NOD1, TLR4, or TLR2 by their respective synthetic ligand suppressed brown marker gene expression and lipid accumulation during differentiation of brown-like adipocytes of C3H10T1/2. Activation of the PRR only during the commitment was sufficient to suppress the differentiation. PRR activation suppressed PGC-1α mRNA, but induced PRDM16 mRNA at the commitment. Consistently, PRR activation suppressed the differentiation of immortalized brown pre-adipocytes. Activation of PRR induced NF-κB activation in both cells, which correlated with their abilities to suppress PPARγ transactivation, a critical event for brown adipogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that chronic PRR activation suppressed brown adipogenesis of multipotent mesodermal stem cells and brown pre-adipocytes, possibly through suppression of PPARγ transactivation. The results suggest that anti- inflammatory therapies targeting PRRs may be beneficial for the BAT development.
TheBactrocera oleaegenome: localization of nine genes on the polytene chromosomes of the olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Drosopoulou Elena , Nakou Ifigeneia , Mavragani-Tsipidou Penelope
Published: February 2015

Four homologous and five heterologous gene-specific sequences have been mapped by in situ hybridization on the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae. The nine genes were dispersed on four of the five autosomal chromosomes, thus enriching the available set of chromosome landmarks for this major agricultural pest. Present data further supports the proposed chromosome homologies among B. oleae, Ceratitis capitata, and Drosophila melanogaster and the idea of the conservation of chromosomal element identity throughout dipteran evolution.
Efficient packet transportation on complex networks with nonuniform node capacity distribution
Authors: He Xuan , Niu Kai , He Zhiqiang , Lin Jiaru , Jiang Zhong-Yuan
Published: February 2015

Provided that node delivery capacity may be not uniformly distributed in many realistic networks, we present a node delivery capacity distribution in which each node capacity is composed of uniform fraction and degree related proportion. Based on the node delivery capacity distribution, we construct a novel routing mechanism called efficient weighted routing (EWR) strategy to enhance network traffic capacity and transportation efficiency. Compared with the shortest path routing and the efficient routing strategies, the EWR achieves the highest traffic capacity. After investigating average path length, network diameter, maximum efficient betweenness, average efficient betweenness, average travel time and average traffic load under extensive simulations, it indicates that the EWR appears to be a very effective routing method. The idea of this routing mechanism gives us a good insight into network science research. The practical use of this work is prospective in some real complex systems such as the Internet.
Field-dependent BRST–anti-BRST Lagrangian transformations
Authors: Yu. Moshin Pavel , Reshetnyak Alexander A.
Published: February 2015

We continue our study of finite BRST–anti-BRST transformations for general gauge theories in Lagrangian formalism, initiated in [arXiv:1405.0790 [hep-th] and arXiv:1406.0179 [hep-th]], with a doublet λa, a = 1, 2, of anticommuting Grassmann parameters, and prove the correctness of the explicit Jacobian in the partition function announced in [arXiv:1406.0179 [hep-th]], which corresponds to a change of variables with functionally dependent parameters λa = UaΛ induced by a finite Bosonic functional Λ(ϕ, π, λ) and by the anticommuting generators Ua of BRST–anti-BRST transformations in the space of fields ϕ and auxiliary variables πa, λ. We obtain a Ward identity depending on the field-dependent parameters λa and study the problem of gauge dependence, including the case of Yang–Mills theories. We examine a formulation with BRST–anti-BRST symmetry breaking terms, additively introduced into the quantum action constructed by the Sp(2)-covariant Lagrangian rules, obtain the Ward identity and investigate the gauge independence of the corresponding generating functional of Green's functions. A formulation with BRST symmetry breaking terms is developed. It is argued that the gauge independence of the above generating functionals is fulfilled in the BRST and BRST–anti-BRST settings. These concepts are applied to the average effective action in Yang–Mills theories within the functional renormalization group approach.
Some properties of YBamCu1+mOy(m = 2, 3, 4, 5) superconductors
Authors: Chainok Piyamas , Khuntak Thanarat , Sujinnapram Supphadate , Tiyasri Somporn , Wongphakdee Wirat , Kruaehong Thitipong , Nilkamjon Tunyanop , Ratreng Sermsuk , Udomsamuthirun Pongkaew
Published: February 2015

We synthesized the YBa m Cu 1+m O y superconductors; m = 2, 3, 4, 5 that were Y123 ( YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x), Y134 ( YBa 3 Cu 4 O 9-x), Y145 ( YBa 4 Cu 5 O 11-x), Y156 ( YBa 5 Cu 6 O 13-x), by solid state reaction with the Y 2 O 3, BaCO 3 and CuO as the beginning materials. The calcination temperature was 950°C and varied the sintering temperature to be 950°C and 980°C. The resistivity measurement by four-point-probe technique showed that the Tconset of Y123, Y134, Y145, Y156 were at 97, 93, 91, 85 K, respectively. The XRD and Rietveld full-profile analysis method were used and found that the crystal structure was in the orthorhombic with Pmmm space group with the ratio c/a were 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 for Y123, Y134, Y145 and Y156, respectively. The oxygen content was characterized by Iodometric titration. The ( Cu 3+/ Cu 2+ and Oxygen content) were (0.28, 6.83), (0.19, 8.81), (0.13, 10.79), (0.16, 12.92) of Y123, Y134, Y145, Y156, respectively. We also found that the increasing of sintering temperature has reduced the oxygen content and the critical temperature of all samples.
A Closed-Form Solution for Thermal Buckling of Cross-Ply Piezolaminated Plates
Authors: Bohlooly Mehdi , Mirzavand Babak
Published: February 2015

A thermal buckling analysis is presented for simply-supported rectangular symmetric cross-ply laminated composite plates that are integrated with surface-mounted piezoelectric actuators and subjected to the combined action of thermal load and constant applied actuator voltage. The material properties of the composite and piezoelectric layers are assumed to be functions of temperature. Derivations of the equations are based on the classical laminated plate theory, using the von-Karman nonlinear kinematic relations. The Ritz method is adopted to obtain closed-form solutions for the critical buckling temperature. Numerical examples are presented to verify the proposed method. The effects of the applied actuator voltage, plate geometry and stacking sequence of laminates are investigated.
UUV formation system modeling and simulation research based on Multi-Agent Interaction Chain
Authors: Liang Hongtao , Kang Fengju , Li Honghong
Published: February 2015

Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) formation system has an important role in the utilization of marine resource. In order to provide an efficient method to research modeling and simulation of UUV formation in the marine environment, the novel approach based on Multi-Agent Interaction Chain was proposed for the UUV formation system. Firstly, Multi-Agent Interaction Chain was analyzed, which mainly considered task and role of UUV in the formation, and the overall modeling process of UUV formation system based on Multi-Agent Interaction Chain was established. Then, the static structure of Multi-Agent Interaction Chain was researched focusing on Hybrid UUV-Agent model structure from the UUV-Agent State-Set and UUV-Agent Rule-Base which were the two aspects to strengthen reliability of interaction chain; the dynamic mechanism of Multi-Agent Interaction Chain was designed, which was focused on collaboration model and communication model through the Adaptive Dynamic Contract Net Protocol and KQML/XML/RTI. Finally, three experiments were established to verify the validity and effectiveness of proposed modeling approach for UUV formation system. Simulation results show the proposed model has good performance, which has important theoretical innovation and application prospects.
Low-Mg2+ treatment increases sensitivity of voltage-gated Na+ channels to Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated modulation in cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Guo Feng , Zhou Pei-Dong , Gao Qing-Hua , Gong Jian , Feng Rui , Xu Xiao-Xue , Liu Shu-Yuan , Hu Hui-Yuan , Zhao Mei-Mi , Adam Hogan-Cann , Cai Ji-Qun , Hao Li-Ying
Published: February 2015

Culture of hippocampal neurons in low-Mg2+ medium (low-Mg2+ neurons) results in induction of continuous seizure activity. However, the underlying mechanism of the contribution of low Mg2+ to hyperexcitability of neurons has not been clarified. Our data, obtained using the patch-clamp technique, show that voltage-gated Na+ channel (VGSC) activity, which is associated with a persistent, noninactivating Na+ current ( INa,P), was modulated by calmodulin (CaM) in a concentration-dependent manner in normal and low-Mg2+ neurons, but the channel activity was more sensitive to Ca2+/CaM regulation in low-Mg2+ than normal neurons. The increased sensitivity of VGSCs in low-Mg2+ neurons was partially retained when CaM12 and CaM34, CaM mutants with disabled binding sites in the N or C lobe, were used but was diminished when CaM1234, a CaM mutant in which all four Ca2+ sites are disabled, was used, indicating that functional Ca2+-binding sites from either lobe of CaM are required for modulation of VGSCs in low-Mg2+ neurons. Furthermore, the number of neurons exhibiting colocalization of CaM with the VGSC subtypes NaV1.1, NaV1.2, and NaV1.3 was significantly higher in low- Mg2+ than normal neurons, as shown by immunofluorescence. Our main finding is that low-Mg2+ treatment increases sensitivity of VGSCs to Ca2+/CaM-mediated regulation. Our data reveal that CaM, as a core regulating factor, connects the functional roles of the three main intracellular ions, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, by modulating VGSCs and provides a possible explanation for the seizure discharge observed in low-Mg2+ neurons.
SERCA1 overexpression minimizes skeletal muscle damage in dystrophic mouse models
Authors: Mázala Davi A. G. , Pratt Stephen J. P. , Chen Dapeng , Molkentin Jeffery D. , Lovering Richard M. , Chin Eva R.
Published: February 2015

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle wasting secondary to repeated muscle damage and inadequate repair. Elevations in intracellular free Ca2+ have been implicated in disease progression, and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 1 (SERCA1) overexpression has been shown to ameliorate the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of SERCA1 overexpression in the more severe mdx/Utr−/− mouse model of DMD. Mice overexpressing SERCA1 were crossed with mdx/Utr+/− mice to generate mdx/Utr−/−/+SERCA1 mice and compared with wild-type (WT), WT/+SERCA1, mdx/+SERCA1, and genotype controls. Mice were assessed at ∼12 wk of age for changes in Ca2+ handling, muscle mass, quadriceps torque, markers of muscle damage, and response to repeated eccentric contractions. SERCA1-overexpressing mice had a two- to threefold increase in maximal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity compared with WT which was associated with normalization in body mass for both mdx/+SERCA1 and mdx/Utr−/−/+SERCA1. Torque deficit in the quadriceps after eccentric injury was 2.7-fold greater in mdx/Utr−/− vs. WT mice, but only 1.5-fold greater in mdx/Utr−/−/+SERCA1 vs. WT mice, an attenuation of 44%. Markers of muscle damage (% centrally nucleated fibers, necrotic area, and serum creatine kinase levels) were higher in both mdx and mdx/Utr−/− vs. WT, and all were attenuated by overexpression of SERCA1. These data indicate that SERCA1 overexpression ameliorates functional impairments and cellular markers of damage in a more severe mouse model of DMD. These findings support targeting intracellular Ca2+ control as a therapeutic approach for DMD.
Chronic and selective inhibition of basolateral membrane Na-K-ATPase uniquely regulates brush border membrane Na absorption in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Manoharan Palanikumar , Gayam Swapna , Arthur Subha , Palaniappan Balasubramanian , Singh Soudamani , Dick Gregory M. , Sundaram Uma
Published: February 2015

Na-K-ATPase, an integral membrane protein in mammalian cells, is responsible for maintaining the favorable intracellular Na gradient necessary to promote Na-coupled solute cotransport processes [e.g., Na-glucose cotransport (SGLT1)]. Inhibition of brush border membrane (BBM) SGLT1 is, at least in part, due to the diminished Na-K-ATPase in villus cells from chronically inflamed rabbit intestine. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Na-K-ATPase inhibition on the two major BBM Na absorptive pathways, specifically Na-glucose cotransport and Na/H exchange (NHE), in intestinal epithelial (IEC-18) cells. Na-K-ATPase was inhibited using 1 mM ouabain or siRNA for Na-K-ATPase-α1 in IEC-18 cells. SGLT1 activity was determined as 3- O-methyl-d-[3H]glucose uptake. Na-K-ATPase activity was measured as the amount of inorganic phosphate released. Treatment with ouabain resulted in SGLT1 inhibition at 1 h but stimulation at 24 h. To further characterize this unexpected stimulation of SGLT1, siRNA silencing was utilized to inhibit Na-K-ATPase-α1. SGLT1 activity was significantly upregulated by Na-K-ATPase silencing, while NHE3 activity remained unaltered. Kinetics showed that the mechanism of stimulation of SGLT1 activity was secondary to an increase in affinity of the cotransporter for glucose without a change in the number of cotransporters. Molecular studies demonstrated that the mechanism of stimulation was not secondary to altered BBM SGLT1 protein levels. Chronic and direct silencing of basolateral Na-K-ATPase uniquely regulates BBM Na absorptive pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. Specifically, while BBM NHE3 is unaffected, SGLT1 is stimulated secondary to enhanced affinity of the cotransporter.
5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate ameliorates H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Authors: Zhao Mingyi , Guo Huiming , Chen Jimei , Fujino Masayuki , Ito Hidenori , Takahashi Kiwamu , Abe Fuminori , Nakajima Motowo , Tanaka Tohru , Wang Jinju , Huang Huanlei , Zheng Shaoyi , Hei Mingyan , Li Jiaxin , Huang Shuai , Li Jiani , Ma Xiaotang , Chen Yanfang , Zhao Lingling , Zhuang Jian , Zhu Ping , Li Xiao-Kang
Published: February 2015

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) causes cell damage via oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant enzyme that can protect cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated whether the heme precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) could protect cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced hypertrophy via modulation of HO-1 expression. HL-1 cells pretreated with/without 5-ALA and SFC were exposed to H2O2 to induce a cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model. Hypertrophy was evaluated by planar morphometry, 3H-leucine incorporation, and RT-PCR analysis of hypertrophy-related gene expressions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed by 5/6-chloromethyl-2′,7′-ichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetylester. HO-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot. In our experiments, HL-1 cells were transfected with Nrf2 siRNA or treated with a signal pathway inhibitor. We found several results. 1) ROS production, cell surface area, protein synthesis, and expressions of hypertrophic marker genes, including atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic factor, and β-myosin heavy chain, were decreased in HL-1 cells pretreated with 5-ALA and SFC. 2) 5-ALA and SFC increased HO-1 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, associated with upregulation of Nrf2. Notably, Nrf2 siRNA dramatically reduced HO-1 expression in HL-1 cells. 3) ERK1/2, p38, and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways were activated and modulate 5-ALA- and SFC-enhanced HO-1 expression. SB203580 (p38 kinase), PD98059 (ERK), or SP600125 (JNK) inhibitors significantly reduced this effect. In conclusion, our data suggest that 5-ALA and SFC protect HL-1 cells from H2O2-induced cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Targeting NADPH oxidase with a novel dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor attenuates renal pathology in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gorin Yves , Cavaglieri Rita C. , Khazim Khaled , Lee Doug-Yoon , Bruno Francesca , Thakur Sachin , Fanti Paolo , Szyndralewiez Cédric , Barnes Jeffrey L. , Block Karen , Abboud Hanna E.
Published: February 2015

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by Nox NADPH oxidases may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The efficacy of the Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor GKT137831 on the manifestations of DN was studied in OVE26 mice, a model of type 1 diabetes. Starting at 4–5 mo of age, OVE26 mice were treated with GKT137831 at 10 or 40 mg/kg, once-a-day for 4 wk. At both doses, GKT137831 inhibited NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide generation, and hydrogen peroxide production in the renal cortex from diabetic mice without affecting Nox1 or Nox4 protein expression. The increased expression of fibronectin and type IV collagen was reduced in the renal cortex, including glomeruli, of diabetic mice treated with GKT137831. GKT137831 significantly reduced glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial matrix expansion, urinary albumin excretion, and podocyte loss in OVE26 mice. GKT137831 also attenuated macrophage infiltration in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium. Collectively, our data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of Nox1/4 affords broad renoprotection in mice with preexisting diabetes and established kidney disease. This study validates the relevance of targeting Nox4 and identifies GKT137831 as a promising compound for the treatment of DN in type 1 diabetes.
Activation of GLP-1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells reduces the autoregulatory response in afferent arterioles and increases renal blood flow
Authors: Jensen Elisa P. , Poulsen Steen S. , Kissow Hannelouise , Holstein-Rathlou Niels-Henrik , Deacon Carolyn F. , Jensen Boye L. , Holst Jens J. , Sorensen Charlotte M.
Published: February 2015

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 has a range of extrapancreatic effects, including renal effects. The mechanisms are poorly understood, but GLP-1 receptors have been identified in the kidney. However, the exact cellular localization of the renal receptors is poorly described. The aim of the present study was to localize renal GLP-1 receptors and describe GLP-1-mediated effects on the renal vasculature. We hypothesized that renal GLP-1 receptors are located in the renal microcirculation and that activation of these affects renal autoregulation and increases renal blood flow. In vivo autoradiography using 125I-labeled GLP-1, 125I-labeled exendin-4 (GLP-1 analog), and 125I-labeled exendin 9–39 (GLP-1 receptor antagonist) was performed in rodents to localize specific GLP-1 receptor binding. GLP-1-mediated effects on blood pressure, renal blood flow (RBF), heart rate, renin secretion, urinary flow rate, and Na+ and K+ excretion were investigated in anesthetized rats. Effects of GLP-1 on afferent arterioles were investigated in isolated mouse kidneys. Specific binding of 125I-labeled GLP-1, 125I-labeled exendin-4, and 125I-labeled exendin 9–39 was observed in the renal vasculature, including afferent arterioles. Infusion of GLP-1 increased blood pressure, RBF, and urinary flow rate significantly in rats. Heart rate and plasma renin concentrations were unchanged. Exendin 9–39 inhibited the increase in RBF. In isolated murine kidneys, GLP-1 and exendin-4 significantly reduced the autoregulatory response of afferent arterioles in response to stepwise increases in pressure. We conclude that GLP-1 receptors are located in the renal vasculature, including afferent arterioles. Activation of these receptors reduces the autoregulatory response of afferent arterioles to acute pressure increases and increases RBF in normotensive rats.
A1 adenosine receptor-mediated GIRK channels contribute to the resting conductance of CA1 neurons in the dorsal hippocampus
Authors: Kim Chung Sub , Johnston Daniel
Published: February 2015

The dorsal and ventral hippocampi are functionally and anatomically distinct. Recently, we reported that dorsal Cornu Ammonis area 1 (CA1) neurons have a more hyperpolarized resting membrane potential and a lower input resistance and fire fewer action potentials for a given current injection than ventral CA1 neurons. Differences in the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation conductance between dorsal and ventral neurons have been reported, but these differences cannot fully account for the different resting properties of these neurons. Here, we show that coupling of A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs) to G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) conductance contributes to the intrinsic membrane properties of dorsal CA1 neurons but not ventral CA1 neurons. The block of GIRKs with either barium or the more specific blocker Tertiapin-Q revealed that there is more resting GIRK conductance in dorsal CA1 neurons compared with ventral CA1 neurons. We found that the higher resting GIRK conductance in dorsal CA1 neurons was mediated by tonic A1AR activation. These results demonstrate that the different resting membrane properties between dorsal and ventral CA1 neurons are due, in part, to higher A1AR-mediated GIRK activity in dorsal CA1 neurons.
An Optimal Transmission Strategy for Joint Wireless Information and Energy Transfer in MIMO Relay Channels
Authors: Yang Dingcheng , Zhou Xiaoxiao , Xiao Lin
Published: February 2015

An optimal resource allocation strategy for MIMO relay system is considered in simultaneous wireless information and energy transfer network, where two users with multiple antennas communicate with each other assisted by an energy harvesting MIMO relay that gathers energy from the received signal by applying time switching scheme and forwards the received signal by using the harvesting energy. It is focused on the precoder design and resource allocation strategies for the system to allocate the resources among the nodes in decode-and-forward (DF) mode. Specifically, optimal precoder design and energy transfer strategy in MIMO relay channel are firstly proposed. Then, we formulate the resource allocation optimization problem. The closed-form solutions for the time and power allocation are derived. It is revealed that the solution can flexibly allocate the resource for the MIMO relay channel to maximize the sum rate of the system. Simulation results demonstrated that the performance of the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional fixed method.
Multiobjective Optimization Method Based on Adaptive Parameter Harmony Search Algorithm
Authors: Sabarinath P. , Thansekhar M. R. , Saravanan R.
Published: February 2015

The present trend in industries is to improve the techniques currently used in design and manufacture of products in order to meet the challenges of the competitive market. The crucial task nowadays is to find the optimal design and machining parameters so as to minimize the production costs. Design optimization involves more numbers of design variables with multiple and conflicting objectives, subjected to complex nonlinear constraints. The complexity of optimal design of machine elements creates the requirement for increasingly effective algorithms. Solving a nonlinear multiobjective optimization problem requires significant computing effort. From the literature it is evident that metaheuristic algorithms are performing better in dealing with multiobjective optimization. In this paper, we extend the recently developed parameter adaptive harmony search algorithm to solve multiobjective design optimization problems using the weighted sum approach. To determine the best weightage set for this analysis, a performance index based on least average error is used to determine the index of each weightage set. The proposed approach is applied to solve a biobjective design optimization of disc brake problem and a newly formulated biobjective design optimization of helical spring problem. The results reveal that the proposed approach is performing better than other algorithms.
Prognostic Impact of Hypoxia-InduciblemiRNA-210in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Osugi Jun , Kimura Yuka , Owada Yuki , Inoue Takuya , Watanabe Yuzuru , Yamaura Takumi , Fukuhara Mitsuro , Muto Satoshi , Okabe Naoyuki , Matsumura Yuki , Hasegawa Takeo , Yonechi Athushi , Hoshino Mika , Higuchi Mitsunori , Shio Yutaka , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Gotoh Mitsukazu
Published: February 2015

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value ofMicroRNA-210(miR-210) expression in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods. We examined themiR-210expression of samples of 80 patients, who underwent surgical resection at Fukushima Medical University from 2004 to 2007, by using quantitative RT-PCR. The relationship betweenmiR-210expression and clinicopathological factors as well as histological subtype was statistically analyzed.Results.miR-210expression showed an inverse correlation with disease-free and overall survival in patients with NSCLC. Significant correlations were found betweenmiR-210expression and lymph node metastasis, late disease stages, and poor prognosis in patients with adenocarcinoma. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated thatmiR-210expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival in patients with adenocarcinoma.Conclusions. We showed thatmiR-210may be a prognostic biomarker for patients with NSCLC, especially for those with lung adenocarcinoma.
Diagnosis and Treatment of a Lateral Meniscal Cyst with Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
Authors: Chen Hamilton
Published: February 2015

Meniscal cysts are a relatively uncommon occurrence that may result in pain and disability in the knee. It is widely believed that meniscal cysts are secondary to fluid extrusion from a meniscus tear. Typically, diagnosis of a meniscal cyst typically requires magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to delineate the cyst and any associated injuries. With improvements in sonographic technology, ultrasound has emerged as a sensitive modality for detection of meniscal cysts. We present a patient with a contraindication to MRI who was diagnosed with a lateral meniscal cyst by musculoskeletal ultrasound and treated with an ultrasound-guided lateral meniscal cyst aspiration and injection.
Effect of Diffusion on Discoloration of Congo Red by Alginate Entrapped Turnip (Brassica rapa) Peroxidase
Authors: Ahmedi Afaf , Abouseoud Mahmoud , Abdeltif Amrane , Annabelle Couvert
Published: February 2015

Enzymatic discoloration of the diazo dye, Congo red (CR), by immobilized plant peroxidase from turnip “Brassica rapa” is investigated. Partially purified turnip peroxidase (TP) was immobilized by entrapment in spherical particles of calcium alginate and was assayed for the discoloration of aqueous CR solution. Experimental data revealed that pH, reaction time, temperature, colorant, and H2O2 concentration play a significant role in dye degradation. Maximum CR removal was found at pH 2.0, constant temperature of 40°C in the presence of 10 mM H2O2, and 180 mg/L of CR. More than 94% of CR was removed by alginate immobilized TP after 1 h of incubation in a batch process under optimal conditions. About 74% removal efficiency was retained after four recycles. Diffusional limitations in alginate beads such as effectiveness factor η, Thiele modulus Φ, and effective diffusion coefficients (De) of Congo red were predicted assuming a first-order biodegradation kinetic. Results showed that intraparticle diffusion resistance has a significant effect on the CR biodegradation rate.
Development and Validation of GC-ECD Method for the Determination of Metamitron in Soil
Authors: Tandon Shishir , Kumar Satyendra , Sand N. K.
Published: February 2015

This paper aims at developing and validating a convenient, rapid, and sensitive method for estimation of metamitron from soil samples.Determination andquantification was carried out by Gas Chromatography on microcapillary column with an Electron Capture Detector source. The compound was extracted from soil using methanol and cleanup by C-18 SPE. After optimization, the method was validated by evaluating the analytical curves, linearity, limits of detection, and quantification, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), and accuracy (recovery). Recovery values ranged from 89 to 93.5% within 0.05- 2.0 µg L−1with average RSD 1.80%. The precision (repeatability) ranged from 1.7034 to 1.9144% and intermediate precision from 1.5685 to 2.1323%. Retention time was 6.3 minutes, and minimum detectable and quantifiable limits were 0.02 ng mL−1and 0.05 ng g−1, respectively. Good linearity (R2=0.998) of the calibration curves was obtained over the range from 0.05 to 2.0 µg L−1. Results indicated that the developed method is rapid and easy to perform, making it applicable for analysis in large pesticide monitoring programmes.
Analysis of the Deployment Quality for Intrusion Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Assad Noureddine , Elbhiri Brahim , Faqihi Moulay Ahmed , Ouadou Mohamed , Aboutajdine Driss
Published: February 2015

The intrusion detection application in a homogeneous wireless sensor network is defined as a mechanism to detect unauthorized intrusions or anomalous moving attackers in a field of interest. The quality of deterministic sensor nodes deployment can be determined sufficiently by a rigorous analysis before the deployment. However, when random deployment is required, determining the deployment quality becomes challenging. An area may require that multiple nodes monitor each point from the sensing area; this constraint is known ask-coverage wherekis the number of nodes. The deployment quality of sensor nodes depends directly on node density and sensing range; mainly a random sensor nodes deployment is required. The major question is centred around the problem of network coverage, how can we guarantee that each point of the sensing area is covered by the required number of sensor nodes and what a sufficient condition to guarantee the network coverage? To deal with this, probabilistic intrusion detection models are adopted, called single/multi-sensing detection, and the deployment quality issue is surveyed and analysed in terms of coverage. We evaluate the capability of our probabilistic model in homogeneous wireless sensor network, in terms of sensing range, node density, and intrusion distance.
COMT-by-Sex Interaction Effect on Psychosis Proneness
Authors: de Castro-Catala Marta , Barrantes-Vidal Neus , Sheinbaum Tamara , Moreno-Fortuny Artal , Kwapil Thomas R. , Rosa Araceli
Published: February 2015

Schizotypy phenotypes in the general population share etiopathogenic mechanisms and risk factors with schizophrenia, supporting the notion of psychosis as a continuum ranging from nonclinical to clinical deviance. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia that is involved in the regulation of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. Several recent studies have reported a sex difference in the impact of COMT genotype on psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes and personality traits. The present study investigated the association of COMT Val158Met (rs4680) with psychometric positive and negative schizotypy and psychotic experiences in a sample of 808 nonclinical young adults. The main finding was that sex moderates the association of COMT genotype with the negative dimension of both schizotypy and psychotic experiences. Male subjects carrying the Val allele tended to score higher on the negative dimension of both trait and symptom-like measures. The results from the present study are consistent with recent work suggesting an association between negative schizotypy and diminished prefrontal dopamine availability. They support the idea that a biological differentiation underlies the positive and negative schizotypy dimensions. Additionally, these findings contribute to the growing literature on sex-specific effects of COMT on the predisposition to psychiatric disorders and personality traits.
A Case of Calcified Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Mimicking a Benign Lesion: Pitfalls in Diagnosis
Authors: Michail Peter , Amith Iftah , George Sanila , George Mathew K.
Published: February 2015

The radiological finding of a calcified intracranial lesion commonly represents a slow growing benign mass. Brain metastases originating from colorectal cancers are rare, occurring in approximately 2-3% of patients. Therefore the presence of a calcified brain lesion in a patient with a positive oncological history requires a high index of suspicion for brain metastases. Presented herein is a case of a frontoparietal calcified lesion initially overlooked as a benign tumour. Subsequent imaging following a neurological episode revealed a significant increase in size of the lesion with surrounding tissue oedema, prompting further investigation for suspicion of a calcified metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma.