bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diet problem and the method linear programming
Authors: Zheng Jingyuan
Published: January 2023

Nutrition is very important to people, and they need enough nutrition to support their body and life. The diet problem's purpose is to find a set of foods that will meet a set of daily nutritional requirements for the least amount of money. The issue is presented as a linear program, with the goal of minimizing costs and the restrictions of meeting the required nutritional needs. Dietary restrictions usually limit the number of calories consumed as well as the number of vitamins, minerals, fats, salt, and cholesterol consumed. While the mathematical formula is straightforward, the answer may not be. The nutritional requirements may be reached regardless of flavor or diversity, so think about the outcome before diving into a meal from a "ideal" menu! In this paper, a detailed summary on linear programming and associated diet problem are presented.
Application research progress of cyclodextrin and its derivatives
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Zheng Yan , Kan Xurundong , Liu Xingyuan , Li Jin , Zhang Lingang
Published: January 2023

The emergence of supramolecular chemistry is a new era of chemical development. It is a rapidly developing new interdisciplinary subject. Many major achievements have been made. Supramolecular chemistry refers to two molecules (host and guest) or multiple molecules. Under the action of the non-covalent bond between molecules, a highly complex multi-molecular polymer with specific functions and special properties is formed. After literature search, the cyclodextrin and its derivatives are briefly introduced based on references, and the pharmaceutical aspects of cyclodextrin and its derivatives are reviewed in terms of sources, preparation methods, properties, and applications.
Research on the protection of wind and sand erosion in Saihanba Forest Farm based on ecological environment assessment model
Authors: Yang Xinlin , Xu Jinglei , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2023

The establishment of the Saihanba forest has played a very important role in preventing wind and sand and maintaining the ecology. Mathematical modeling methods including meta-automata simulation algorithm, OLS regression analysis, and quadratic coherence method were used to investigate the impacts of the Saihanba forest. After the establishment of the Saihanba Tree Farm, its ability to prevent wind and sand and maintain ecological balance was greatly improved, and the environmental conditions were greatly improved. In addition, we simulated the wind and sand attack on Beijing using a meta-automaton simulation, and specifically analyzed the wind and sand impact on five height classes of buildings. The results showed that the establishment of the Saihanba forest farm had a significant effect on improving the ability of Beijing to withstand sandstorms.
Synthesis, Modification and Application of Polylactic Acid
Authors: Han Ruixuan , Jiao Shihao , Liu Tianci
Published: January 2023

Due to the increasing shortage of environmental resources, the idea of sustainable development increases the attention to the biodegradable substances. Polylactic acid (PLA) possesses outstanding mechanical and processing properties, and its products can be rapidly degraded in various ways after use. The synthesis and use of PLA have received more and more attention. Lactide, the intermediate to synthesize PLA, is challenging to produce and purify. As a result, the application cost of PLA is high, and it is hard to employ on a wide scale. Carbon dioxide (CO2) can be used for the synthesis and modification of PLA through a cell factory. It offers a wide range of potential applications and can successfully address the lactide production and purification issue. Additionally, we talked about the significance of supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) in the creation of PLA products and the viability of producing PLA directly utilizing sc-CO2 as a medium. Furthermore, we discussed how sc-CO2 affects the properties of PLA as well as the application of PLA products.
Application of Different Chemical Recycling for Plastics
Authors: Xiong Muxin
Published: January 2023

Plastics usage is always a huge part of human lives. The concern about plastics regarding their high accumulation rate is significant. Most of these plastics cannot be recycled and go to landfills instead. Traditional methods like mechanical recycling still have drawbacks in categories such as value degradation and the complexity of sorting plastic wastes. Besides mechanical recycling, chemical recycling is another option that uses chemical reactions to achieve the production of feedstock products. This research will focus on the different types of chemical recycling, including depolymerization via solvolysis, pyrosis, and purification method. Plastic polymer wastes like PET, PU, and PS can undergo these processes to be reproduced into useful monomer products that can be further polymerized back into the plastic structure.
Applications of Polymers for Tissue Regeneration in Medical Treatment
Authors: Cai Ningjing
Published: January 2023

Multiple types of damage to human organs can result in dysfunction and incapacity. The importance of tissue repair and regeneration in the medical industry results in high demand for tissue regeneration materials. Since the scaffolds considerably speed up the healing process, the use of tissue engineering scaffolds in the restoration of injured tissues has shown amazing potential. Due to their superior processability and biocompatibility, polymers are frequently used to build three-dimensional scaffolds. However, the main issues that restrict their widespread clinical application are their inadequate mechanical strength and unsuitable degradation rate in the bone regeneration process. Because of their superior mechanical strength, synthetic biodegradable polymer composites are used. In this research, the most frequently used polymers including polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatine methacrylate (GelMA) were employed to create polymer composite scaffolds. And this research categorized polymer materials for tissue regeneration based on their uses in different human organs and described their physical or chemical properties. The reader is given evaluations of each material as well as prospects.
Advanced Electrode Materials in Capacitive Deionization for Lithium Recovery
Authors: Xu Helin
Published: January 2023

Demand for lithium batteries and lithium resources is growing because of the fast development of electric vehicles which will reach 900,000 metric tons per year by 2025. But the available lithium supplies are running out, and the future utilization of lithium resources will depend on strong productivity and resource recovery. However, current methods of extracting lithium ion resources still have the disadvantages of slow rates, unstable system outputs, and low purity. These methods can hardly compensate for the huge market demand in the future. The alternative technology, capacitive deionization (CDI) technology based on electrochemical ion pumping, provides a high capacity and rate of lithium resource recovery, which uses renewable electrode materials, reduces system waste generation, and has high lithium ion purity in the extract, which is sufficient to meet the future market demand. This mini-review analyzes the electrode materials used in CDI technology with a particular emphasis on the development of three materials, Olivine LiFePO4/FePO4, Spinel LiMn2O4/λ-MnO2, and Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. The advantages and disadvantages of the current advanced materials are evaluated from various perspectives, and the feasibility of different electrodes is analyzed.
Design of Hydrogen Fuel Cell: Methods to Higher Efficiency
Authors: Huang Enqi
Published: January 2023

Since climate change has become a visible and significant issue, all people sharing the planet earth should take action to solve the difficulties. Hydrogen power is the alternative energy to replace traditional energy such as coal, gasoline and so on. Hydrogen energy has a few features being unique and irreplaceable, great economic benefit, environmentally friendly, etc. The research paper has mainly focused on the development and current circumstance of a specific energy form, the hydrogen fuel cell. In the following paper, the working principle and five concrete typically fuel cells, including the solid oxide fuel cell, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, direct methanol fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell, as well as alkaline fuel cell, are recommended with their working performances, advantages and disadvantages. Furtherly, suggestions have been given based on the further development of the materials for different parts of the hydrogen fuel cell. This paper aims to provide a practical route for further hydrogen fuel cell development and promote hydrogen economy and clean energy usage.
California Water Crisis - Policies and Future Developments in Improving Water Shortages in California
Authors: Ma Manyi
Published: January 2023

The shortage of water resources has become one of the major problems worldwide in the 21st century. Water use has been growing at twice the rate of population growth over the last century, and although there is no such thing as a global water shortage, more and more areas are suffering from chronic water scarcity. California has been one of the regions suffering from water shortage since a century ago, while the situation has been eased by the implementation of a series of policies, which could be a typical case for later studies. This article analyzes and discusses the relevant policies in water usage, including agriculture, industrial, commercial and individual uses, that contribute to the major water shortage in California. Additionally, some suggestions are provided for the development of future technical needs and the development of future policy formulation. The objective of the article is to provide several suggestions for assisting the construction of water protection.
Sustainability and Environmental Efficiency of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Technology
Authors: Lu Ruoqian
Published: January 2023

In recent decades, with global energy consumption increasing year by year, the issue of energy and the environment has become one of the hot issues of concern. In this paper, the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology is selected as the research object, and its sustainability and environmental efficiency are discussed and analyzed based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results show that the characteristics and performance advantages of SMES technology and devices make it possible to fill the energy supply gap in a timely manner without polluting or disturbing the atmosphere and water environment. Through the study of the existing application direction, development status and policies of SMES technology, this paper also conclude that the current application of this technology is feasible and effective in renewable power generation systems, hybrid power systems and electric vehicles but still has the problems of high cost, which leads to incomplete scale up and low promotion rate. Therefore, this paper presents the outlook and prediction of its future trends, such as iterative superconducting materials and the introduction of monitoring systems. This paper expects to find and evaluate how SMES would meet sustainability goals and ecological requirements and the corresponding further development directions.
The Causes of Volcanic Eruptions and How They Affect Our Environment
Authors: Hu Yiwei , Li Boxi , Yin Yue
Published: January 2023

Volcanic eruptions often have an impact on the environment. In the context of the environmental problem of global warming, a large amount of carbon dioxide released by volcanic eruptions will aggravate the greenhouse effect, which has aroused widespread concern. This article first explains the volcano's cone-shaped structure with several craters, cones, and vents. Although each volcano is unique, most volcanoes can be separated into three major types, the first type is a cinder cone, the second type is a composite volcano, and the third type is a shield volcano. Furthermore, this article interprets the causes of volcanic eruptions by decompression melting, and crustal movement. In addition to this, the environmental impacts of volcanic eruptions from three different angles are explained in the article. The First is the environmental impact of volcanic eruptions at different latitudes. It not only examines the sea surface temperatures' responses to volcanic forcing but also mentions a phenomenon of wind (El Niño de Navidad) caused by volcanic. The second argument is the impact of volcanic eruption on climate. It explains the effects of volcanic dust, Sulphur dioxide, and greenhouse gases, these three main volcanic substances that contribute to environmental cooling, acid rain, and global warming respectively. The final point is the impact of volcanic eruption on the benefits and disadvantages of plant cultivation, hoping this article could raise awareness of volcanoes and global environmental problems and prevent them.
Evaluation of Public Participation in EIA in Hong Kong: A Comparison of Government Projects and Private Sector Projects
Authors: Huang Ziyi
Published: January 2023

Conducting public participation in an environmental impact assessment (EIA) study and assuring its effectiveness is very indispensable as it acts as a scrutiny role from a third party's point of view when comes to the decision-making process. Both governmental proponents and private proponents are required to do the EIA study if their proposed projects are subject to designated projects. It is discovered that a majority of public participation in EIA studies carried out in government-run projects prudently follows the provisions as well as principles and serves as a high-interactive medium for information dissemination and exchange. In contrast, there is no significant influence of public participation organized in EIA study of private-run projects. Therefore, this paper aims at revealing the implementation of public participation in EIA responsible by different types of proponents and digging out the reasons behind it through an investigation and comparison of two representative cases from government-run projects (Lok Ma Chau Rail Spur Line Project) and private proponent-run projects (Fung Lok Wai Wetland Project) respectively. The study indicates that the compliant operation of public participation in government-run projects originates from the intention of benefiting the public as most of the projects are designed to be public infrastructure while the purpose of private components to start up a project is to seek profit, consequently resulting in the one-way and dictatorial decision-making. By tapping these voids, this paper provides a critical understanding of the disparity between the actual practice and specified criteria and attempts to establish a reference model for engineering projects that need to conduct an EIA study. This paper advocates improving the relevant system and strengthening supervision of EIA.
Preparation of Photocatalyst, Reaction Mechanism and Its Application in Environmental Control
Authors: Zhou Ruiting
Published: January 2023

At present, due to the overuse of resources in the process of human development and the neglect of the concept of green development, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious, which has become a major problem to be solved all over the world. Common environmental pollution, such as wastewater pollution, air pollution and bacterial pollution, pose a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. As a material emerged in the 1930 s, photocatalyst has been proved to be able to effectively degrade a variety of inorganic and organic pollutants, and most of the reactions are green and environmentally friendly. It will not produce more pollutants, can effectively alleviate the environmental crisis, and is widely used in antibacterial, resource development and other fields. This paper mainly introduces the preparation methods of three common photocatalysts, the mechanism of TiO2 photocatalyst, and the application of photocatalyst in environmental governance.
Comparison and Selection of Repair and Reinforcement Plans for Songkou Bridge
Authors: Zhao Jiacheng , Huang Qingwei , Wang Laiyong , Wu Junyan , Zong Xu , Xu Wenpeng
Published: January 2023

Under the long-term action of heavy and overloaded vehicles exceeding the designed load level, the Songkou Bridge suffered serious damage. After on-site inspection, the cause analysis of the main diseases is carried out, and the corresponding reinforcement and reconstruction plan is formed. The reconstruction of the bridge needs to increase the width of the bridge deck and increase the load level by rebuilding the upper structure. Finally, three schemes are formed for comparison and selection, and the optimal scheme is selected to renovate the bridge to meet the structural safety requirements and traffic requirements.
Application examples of steel-concrete composite bridges that can be quickly replaced
Authors: Wang Bingbin , Wu Junyan , Wang Laiyong , Zong Xu , Xu Wenpeng
Published: January 2023

Compared with concrete bridges, steel-concrete composite structure bridges have lighter dead load and lower beam height, which can better adapt to the longitudinal alignment of the route. Therefore, it has great application and promotion value in bridge reinforcement, reconstruction or expansion projects in which the upper structure is removed and the original lower structure is retained. This article introduces the application examples of fast-replaceable steel-concrete composite structure bridges in engineering, and introduces in detail the key contents of the bridge structure, such as structural dimensions, construction methods, and construction periods, which can provide references for the implementation of such projects.
Seismic Response of Mountain Tunnels by Comprehensive Analysis Methods and Feasible Aseismic Measures
Authors: Cheng Zhiyuan , Su Yunhua , Xu Chenhan
Published: January 2023

In mountainous area, earthquake is an inevitable factor during the construction of tunnel. Earthquake can cause great damage to faults and mountain slopes, and at the same time, the deformation and failure of mountain tunnels are closely related to faults and landslides. This study analyzes the impacts of faults and landslides on the mountain tunnel by numerical modelling, model test and field investigation, and discusses the corresponding engineering countermeasures. Mountain tunnel through fault tends to be damaged severely because it may be shorn by fault dislocation. However, the fractured tunnel may undergo even severer damage due to earthquake wave. Various factors, including earthquake wave, condition of surrounding rock, width of fault, relative position of fault and tunnel, fault friction velocity, fault activity and lining section type, affect the seismic performance of tunnel through fault. In addition, buffer layer, grouting, shock absorption gap, sectional tunnel lining with flexible joints, fiber reinforced concrete lining, and ultra-excavating are all available aseismic or anti-dislocation measures. The damage mode and degree of landslide to tunnel are related to the type of tunnel, and the different relative positions of the tunnel and the sliding surface controls damages. Landslide prevention and control engineering measures mainly include weight loss, drainage, construction of retaining works, improvement and reinforcement of soil and rock properties of sliding zone, etc.
Risks in high-rise buildings and countermeasures
Authors: Yi Yinchen
Published: January 2023

In the last half century, high-rise buildings have entered a phase of rapid development as a result of the swift growth of economy especially in Asia’s developing countries. Despite the optimistic prospect of the development of high-rise buildings, risks exist perpetually. The risks of high-rise buildings consist not only in structures, but also in environmental, social and cultural facets. However, those engaged in the latter one was often ignored, which is not conducive to a thorough assessment. This paper considers and analyses risks in a more integral and comprehensive approach. In this paper risks are divided into three categories: construction, structure and utility based on the building’s entire life cycle. In each category, in order to analyze in more detail, risks are further divided into sub-categories with dropping, mechanical injury, fire and finance in construction, failing and fire in structure and fire, surrounding effects and acceptance in utility. In tune with the risks, countermeasures contain both the concept of solving as well as the exact action to take, including enhance risk prevention measures and ensure risk control measures in construction, adopt the best structural plan, and guarantee structural performance in structure, take effective measures against fire and maintain environmentally and socially friendly in utility. In future study, the risks defined by numerical values and those defined by verbal expressions are expected to get combined through some ingenious way of incorporating. This paper serves as a synthesized analysis of risks in various domains and puts forward corresponding countermeasures.
Typhoon Damage Analysis of Typical Vulnerable Structures
Authors: Lin Hongrui
Published: January 2023

Typhoon, as one of the most devastating natural hazards, has brought billions of property losses and threaten the safety of people around the world, and meanwhile, damage and collapse of various urban structures are the main components of direct losses caused by typhoon. Therefore, the review focus on the introduction on the impact and poster researches about three kinds of typhoon action, external wind pressure, internal wind pressure and wind-borne debris, on the structures at first, and then summarize the failure modes for three kinds of vulnerable structures, including bungalows, light steel industrial buildings and advertisement boards, respectively. Based on the data and field investigations on several severe or super typhoon, the failure modes of those structure start with the places where the elements are lack of potent connection and integrality, such as enclosure members, or the place where the stress concentration appears. This paper is looking forward to giving a assisting the engineers and scientists to improve the typhoon resistance measure or regulate the design of structures to prevent or alleviate the property loss and life security in typhoon in the field of structural analysis. This paper gives the summary on failure mechanism of vulnerable structures, and recommend the reinforcement trend on this field of structures.
Research on the Current Situation and Prospect of Green Building Technology in China
Authors: Zhang Yinchen
Published: January 2023

In view of the series effects by global warming, green building has become one of the key parts to solving this problem, as green buildings are in line with the strategic goal of sustainable development and can play a significant role in reducing energy consumption. This paper first introduces the basic concept of green building, as well as the green building-related policies and the green building certificate in China. The latest environmental protection production standard for building issued by the Chinese government is also expounded. Then, the American Green building standard named Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is briefly introduced and compared with the green building standard of China. At the same time, the problems affecting the development of green building technology in China and the improvement measures are introduced. Finally, the overall trend of green building development of China in the future is analyzed.
Research Progress on Fire Resistance of Steel-concrete Composite Structures
Authors: Du Yongshan
Published: January 2023

The 1930s was an important period of development in the design theory of bridge technology in Europe and the United States. Among them was the invention of welding technology, which created more favorable conditions for the development of combined structures, i.e., the connection between reinforced concrete slabs and steel girders could be welded instead of the initial connection method. In China, for more than thirty years, on the one hand, large span bridges have been able to develop rapidly and set new world records, driven by the huge technical demand seeking span breakthroughs. On the other hand, concrete bridges dominate the large number of small span bridges. In short, in China, steel-concrete (SC) structures have also developed accordingly. This paper first introduces the steel-concrete combination structure, and then analyzes the steel-ability concretes to withstand fire from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. Valid data are provided by graphs and equation analysis. Finally, a method that can measure the fire resistance of SC composite structures in fire is obtained.
Characteristics and Application of Modular Integrated Construction
Authors: Gao Andong
Published: January 2023

The modular buildings technology is a new type of construction technology, and it is officially called modular integrated construction. It is a new type of construction technology, this system treats each room as a separate module, all prefabricated in the factory. After the factory production, the rooms are transported to the site and assembled into the whole building through reliable connection. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of modular building technology, and describes the development prospect in future. Compared to the traditional way of building, modular buildings have fast construction speed, environmentally friendly construction process, high construction quality and broad development prospects. At the same time, it has some aspects that are not mature at this stage, like the incomplete production chain and low freedom caused by high-degreed standardization. Modular buildings have been applied in many field, and it can be used in cooperation with existing computer technology like building information model. The main development direction of modular architecture in the future is digitalization, intelligence and integration.
Research on the Development of Intelligent Fire Inspection System for Construction Engineering
Authors: Duan Chunyi , Huang Yongguang , Tian Haitao
Published: January 2023

Combining with the characteristics of fire protection inspection of construction projects, this paper develops a smart fire inspection system for construction projects based on information technology. The system is equipped with functional modules such as electronic handbook records, intelligent data processing, remote rectification interaction, and risk assessment reminders for fire acceptance personnel in on-site acceptance scenarios. On-site acceptance and filing spot checks are standardized, standardized, visualized and intelligent. The system application can assist the fire inspection of construction projects, save administrative resources, effectively improve service quality, and increase social and economic benefits.
Research on Groundwater Control Technology in Construction Based on Foundation Pit Construction Condition
Authors: Zhu Yijiang , Zheng Zhongcheng
Published: January 2023

With the rapid development of national economy and the restriction of urban construction land, high-rise buildings are mostly concentrated in urban centers. The construction and development of high-rise buildings promote the rapid development of deep foundation pit engineering, and the number and scale of foundation pit engineering are increasing day by day. In urban construction, a large number of high-rise buildings appear, and with the need of subway engineering and civil air defence works, deep foundation pit engineering in buildings is very common. In order to ensure the safe construction of deep foundation pit, groundwater must be controlled. If the groundwater is mainly phreatic water, vadose water or confined water with low water pressure, it should be blocked mainly. The specific technology is to construct a water-stop curtain around the foundation pit to stop the groundwater outside the foundation pit. If the groundwater is confined water with high pressure, measures should be taken to remove the water in the pit to prevent the foundation pit from surging. By analyzing the relationship between deep foundation pit engineering and groundwater, this paper summarizes the control methods of groundwater in deep foundation pit engineering.
Discussion on Foundation Reinforcement of an Existing Old Building
Authors: Wang Zhen , Liu Jinlong , Zhu Lei , Xiao Yun
Published: January 2023

At present, there are a large number of old buildings in China. Some buildings belong to historical and cultural relics. From the perspective of protecting culture and history，the old buildings need to be reinforced to ensure the structural and functional stability of the old buildings. As the foundation plays an important role in the building, the most important thing for the reinforcement of old buildings is the foundation reinforcement. This paper first expounds the significance of strengthening and transforming existing buildings, and then takes a project in Hefei as an example for analysis. This paper introduces the general situation of the existing buildings, and introduces the foundation reinforcement scheme of this project. Finally, it is expected to provide reference value for related projects.
Nonlinear optimization design of pile foundation based on settlement control principle
Authors: Li Yang , Han Yong Liang , Wei Long Yun
Published: January 2023

How to take certain measures to minimize the differential settlement of buildings is one of the urgent problems to be solved in the current pile-raft foundation design. In this paper, the nonlinear optimization design of pile foundation based on the principle of settlement control is developed. For the soil around the pile group, considering its nonlinear characteristics, when it yields, the ideal elastic-plastic model is adopted for calculation. Through numerical simulation, combined with the results of model test and field observation, some practical research results are obtained: the smaller the elastic modulus coefficient is, the flatter the load-settlement curve of CPF (Composite pile foundation) is, and the larger the fixed value is, the load-settlement curve is abrupt. Using settlement control to design rigid pile composite foundation has clear settlement. As a supplement to the insufficient bearing capacity of foundation soil, pile foundation makes full use of the bearing capacity of soil between piles. The design scheme is more economical, and it is a good nonlinear optimization method of pile foundation.
Revitalize the collective memory corridor of historical streets and alleys: Taking the spatial regeneration of Suzhou Road, Shinan District, Qingdao as an example
Authors: Yang Qingying
Published: January 2023

As an important element of urban historical space, historical streets and alleys contain rich regional historical and cultural information. The collective memory of historical streets and alleys is the precious resource of urban heritage, which carries the process of spatial change of streets and alleys. Based on the historical streets in the collective memory as the starting point to cut into the Qingdao districts of suzhou road historical streets space regeneration, focusing as memory element memories crowd, memory, and memory space, and the memory elements are translated into memory Spaces, and on this basis, try to use according to the different characteristics of memory Spaces to combination, and the corresponding space on the streets, Finally, using the interface transformation to complete the whole memory activation method to regenerate the streets of Suzhou Road. In order to provide reference for the protection of suzhou road historical streets and lanes, and to help the continuation and development of similar streets and lanes heritage space.
Tracking management of box steel structure building components using building information modeling technology
Authors: Sun Hu , Shi Chuqi , Jiang Hengbao , Zhao Qian
Published: January 2023

Based on the reconstruction of an office building in Guangzhou and the actual application, the tracking management methods of prefabricated box steel structure building components are summarized and the corresponding management methods suitable for prefabricated box building are found. Through the application of building information modeling (BIM) technology, the standardization of the implementation of the scheme is made, and implementation process, component tracking management methods are further validated and improved. In this way, the prefabricated component design, production, transportation, approach, information transmission problems in installation process can be solved, and the management efficiency of prefabricated box component tracking can be improved, material waste can be reduced. Using BIM technology can effectively guarantee the progress of the project, and provides examples for similar projects.
Image analysis reveals cellular fragmentation of Spirulina platensis upon treatment with heavy metal ions
Authors: Kaushik Lekha , Sarangan Dinakari , Karaiyagowder Govindarajan Deenadayalan , Muthumanickam Sowmiya , Sivaramakrishnan Muthusaravanan , Kothandan Ram , Masanamani Suganthy , Nachimuthu Saraswathy , Mamane Hadas , Kandaswamy Kumaravel
Published: January 2023

Bioremediation is a promising technique that can be used to decrease the environmental discharge of Heavy Metal (HM) such as copper, and zinc. Although studies have addressed the cytotoxic effects of HMs, however, the effect of HMs on the geometry of bacterial species such as Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) remains unknown. Quantitative analysis of parameters such as cell perimeter, cell count, and cell distribution shall greatly improve the efficiency of environmental monitoring. Therefore, this study demonstrates the use of an open-source image analysis tool (ImageJ/Fiji) to quantify the aforementioned parameters to analyze the extent of damage caused by lethal concentration of > 2 mg/L of Cu2+ and > 6 mg/L of Zn2+ which disintegrates S. platensis cells into smaller fragments and subsequently affects their structural parameters in perimeter and cell distribution. In summary, this article demonstrates the use of an image analysis platform to quantify the geometric parameters of microbes for environmental monitoring.
Alkali pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of blue-green alga Nostochopsis lobatus for bioethanol production
Authors: Pradechboon Thunvarat , Pattranan Junluthin
Published: January 2023

Using various Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%), we studied the alkaline pretreatment of microalgal biomass from the blue-green alga Nostochopsis lobatus in this work. In this pretreatment stage, the entrapped polysaccharides found within the microalgae cell walls are broken down to form fermentable subunits. The selected pretreatment procedure (2% NaOH) was then followed by enzymatic saccharification for the generation of bioethanol. This pretreatment step aims to release and break down entrapped polysaccharides in the microalgae cell walls into fermentable subunits. The best result of sugars after enzyme hydrolysis was obtained in total and reducing sugars 210.22 and 98.54 g/L, respectively. In addition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to ferment the hydrolysate; the highest ethanol yield was 14 g/L by 48 hours of fermentation. The alkaline pretreatment method was a promising option for pretreating microalgal biomass for bioethanol production.
Comparação do efeito de beta alanina, bicarbonato de sódio e limão como agentes tamponantes entre ciclistas em exercício de alta intensidade
Authors: Carbornar Ana Carolina Mazzetti , De Paula Almeida Milena , Poruchenski Zilse Maria Patrícia , Schiessel Dalton Luiz , Rocha de Freitas Melhem Angelica , Escobar Stephane Janaina de Moura , Cavagnari Mariana Abe Vicente , Datsch Bennemann Gabriela
Published: January 2023

Alguns suplementos exercem atividade tamponante e têm sido reconhecidos por sua contribuição anaeróbica em exercícios de alta intensidade, retardando a fadiga muscular periférica e potencializando assim a performance esportiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o benefício ergogênico no tamponamento e dano muscular, dos suplementos beta alanina, bicarbonato de sódio e suco de limão por meio da dosagem de lactato sanguíneo e creatinofosfoquinase (CPK) e na performance de ciclistas submetidos a exercício anaeróbico de alta intensidade. Estudo transversal crossover, realizado em quatro etapas, com ciclistas do sexo masculino. A suplementação foi constituída de 6 g de beta alanina, 0,2 g/kg de bicarbonato de sódio e 30 mL de suco de limão. Lactato sanguíneo e enzima CPK foram dosados pelo método teste ultravioleta enzimático e cinético, respectivamente, em cada uma das etapas. A performance correspondeu à rotação máxima por minuto (RPM) da Air Bike. Participaram do estudo sete ciclistas, com média de idade de 31,14 ± 3,71 anos. O lactato e a CPK apresentaram significância entre os momentos em todas as etapas avaliadas, porém as suplementações comparadas entre si não apresentaram diferença estatística. Não houve melhora da performance (p>0,05) com as utilizações de bicarbonato de sódio, beta alanina e suco de limão em ciclistas. Para os parâmetros avaliados, nenhum dos suplementos apresentou superioridade nas variáveis de tamponamento, dano muscular e performance no treinamento.
Análise de indicadores antropométricos em indivíduos com e sem síndrome de Down
Authors: Souza Aline Bernardes de , Simony Rosana Farah , Blascovi-Assis Silvana Maria
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: este estudo buscou averiguar a possível discrepância bilateral de indicadores antropométricos de pessoas com e sem síndrome de Down (SD). Material e Método: para tal, contou-se com a participação de 60 indivíduos com e sem síndrome de Down, com idades entre 11 e 14 anos, que foram avaliados quanto à dominância lateral, dobras cutâneas, percentual de gordura, circunferência muscular de braço e antebraço e força de preensão palmar. Principais resultados: notou-se maior número de indivíduos sinistros e com indefinição na lateralidade no grupo com síndrome de Down do que nas pessoas com desenvolvimento típico. Os valores da percentagem de gordura, das medidas de dobra cutânea, da circunferência muscular do braço e da circunferência de antebraço foram maiores entre os participantes com síndrome de Down do que entre os do grupo controle. A força de preensão palmar foi maior nos indivíduos típicos. Não houve diferença na composição corporal bilateral dos indivíduos com síndrome de Down. Conclusão: os resultados encontrados demonstraram a existência de uma simetria bilateral nos indivíduos com e sem síndrome de Down.
Itinerário terapêutico e o lúdico no processo de cuidado à criança com diabetes: vivências do cuidador familiar
Authors: Junkes Leticia Pavanello , Farias Suelen Alves , Banca Rebecca Ortiz La , Schultz Lidiane Ferreira
Published: January 2023

Introdução: Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 é uma das doenças crônicas mais prevalentes na infância. O acompanhamento profissional das crianças com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 precisa ser integrativo e considerar as etapas do desenvolvimento infantil, suas experiências, e formas adequadas de comunicação e estratégias lúdicas.Objetivos: descrever as experiências e uso de recursos lúdicos, bem como identificar o itinerário terapêutico percorrido pelo cuidador da criança com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Metodologia: pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa realizada com oito cuidadores  familiares de crianças com três a 12 anos incompletos com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 em um município no Nordeste de Santa Catarina e que realizam acompanhamento no ambulatório de especialidade de um hospital infantil. Os dados foram coletados entre julho e agosto do ano de 2021, por meio de entrevistas em plataformas virtuais e analisados conforme análise temática. Resultados: foram elaboradas quatro categorias temáticas a partir das unidades de sentidos mais significativas: percepção dos sinais e sintomas e a descoberta da doença; a peregrinação nos serviços de saúde em busca de respostas; a não utilização de estratégias lúdicas para educação em saúde por profissionais da saúde; depois tudo volta a ser docinho novamente. Conclusão: o itinerário terapêutico do cuidador da criança com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 evidencia uma peregrinação nos serviços de saúde, falta de comunicação entre os profissionais de saúde e vínculo frágil com atenção primária.
Influência do açafrão (Curcuma longa) na melhoria dos parâmetros biológicos e comportamentais: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Bocchi Mayara , Fernandes Eduardo Vignoto
Published: January 2023

O papel dos produtos naturais, em especial os nutracêuticos, vem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos devido aos efeitos positivos em parâmetros relacionados à saúde. O açafrão é uma espécie originária do sudeste da Ásia e considerado uma preciosa especiaria. Além da principal utilização como condimento, possui substâncias com atividades antioxidante, antimicrobiana e corante, que lhe conferem possibilidade de emprego nas áreas de cosméticos, têxtil e alimentícia, sendo também muito utilizado nas medicinas tradicionais chinesa e indiana. Seu principal composto fenólico, a curcumina, tem sido amplamente estudado, por apresentar uma variedade de propriedades para a saúde, como efeitos antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios, antivirais, antibacterianos, antidepressivos e anticancerígenos e, assim, potencial de ação contra várias doenças crônicas. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar os efeitos do açafrão nos parâmetros biológicos e comportamentais, bem como sua utilização na manutenção da saúde e qualidade de vida dos indivíduos.
Evaluation of Head On Computed Tomography Among Paediatric Patients Presenting with Trauma
Authors: Ansar Arooj , John Akash , Ali Abid , Zafar Aiman , Saghir Zainab , Junaid Dar Ali
Published: January 2023

Unintentional falls from heights are one of the leading causes of mortality and permanent brain and bone damage in children. Objective: To evaluate the causes, symptoms, and findings of paediatric head trauma using Computed Tomography. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Aziz Bhatti Teaching Hospital, Gujrat. The data was collected from October 2022 to December 2022 for the duration of 4 months. A sample size of 120 patients has been calculated via a convenient sampling technique using a mean approach from previous related articles. Patients with falls from height in paediatric age 0-12 were included in the study while children elder than 12 were excluded from the study. The equipment used for the study was CT scan machine-64 helical. The data were entered and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 20.0.  Results: Out of 120 patients, most of the patients were in the age group of >1-5years 72(60.0%), 78(65.0%) patients were male while females were 42(35.0%). The most common finding on CT with a history of falls from height is noted to be skull fracture 51(42.5%). 84(70.0%) patients fall from the height of >6 and <15feet and the most common clinical finding in patients was pain 52(43.3%), followed by bleeding 41(34.2%). Conclusion: In conclusion, most of children between the age of 1-5years experience fall from a height of >6 feet to <15feet. Skull fracture is the most common diagnosis. CT is an accurate and reliable tool for diagnosing injuries in patients who fall from heights.
Salivary Streptococcus mutans colony-forming unit count in patients with and without orthodontic appliances
Authors: Muñoz Luisa F , Uribe Angie M , Reyes María C , Castro Luis A , Rodríguez Martha J
Published: January 2023

Orthodontic appliances promote the accumulation of biofilm in the oral cavity and increase counts of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). However, there are few comparative studies of the effects generated by the interaction of saliva and microorganisms in absence and presence of orthodontic appliances. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the S. mutans colony-forming unit count (CFU/mL) in participants with and without fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Method: It was an observational cross-sectional study on 21 participants, all over 18 years of age, non-smokers, without removable oral appliances, who had not been under antibiotic treatment within the previous three months. Sociodemographic variables, oral hygiene habits, S. mutans CFU/mL count, and salivary pH were assessed. Saliva samples were collected, and the data was analyzed using Fisher’s exact and Kruskal Wallis tests. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Fourteen (66.7%) of the participants were female; average age was 20.4 ± 2.2 years. The group without fixed orthodontic appliances had the highest salivary S. mutans CFU/mL count (Me: 56.0×103, IQR: 9.2×103 - 75.5×103), but there was no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.7459). There was a statistically significant difference in salivary pH, with the metal orthodontic appliance group having the lowest pH (p=0.0478). No statistically significant difference in salivary S. mutans CFU/mL count was found between groups. Salivary pH was lower in the group with metal appliances than in the groups with non-metal appliances and without appliances. Keywords: streptococcus mutans - saliva - orthodontics - mouth
Provfiske efter strömming i södra Bottenhavet – översikt av äldre studier och återbesök 2022
Authors: Bergström Lena , Svahn Emma , Adill Anders
Published: January 2023

Strömmingen (Clupea harengus membras) är en nyckelart i Bottenhavets ekosystem och en bas för traditionellt kustnära fiske, men det kustnära yrkesfisket har rapporterat att fångsterna av strömming i södra Bottenhavets kustområden har minskat mycket påtagligt. Analyser av data från utsjön bekräftar att förekomsten av större strömming har minskat, men det är en brist på fiskerioberoende data för kustnära vatten som kan belysa förändringar i strömmingsbestånden. Den här rapporten syftar till att sammanställa information om äldre kustprovfisken i Bottenhavets kustområden, som skulle kunna användas i detta syfte, samt bidra till att belysa hur förekomsten av strömming har förändrats över tid genom jämförelser mellan nu och då. Sammanställningen visar att det finns data som skulle kunna användas för att påvisa hur den kustnära förekomsten av strömming har förändrats över tid från provfisken i Forsmark och Finbo sedan 1970-talet. Provfiskena är utförda med varierande metodik och redskap. Dessa fisken utförs dock inte längre. Ett återbesök till en av de tidigare stationerna vid Forsmark visade att medelfångsten av strömming under vår och försommar år 2022 var påtagligt mindre än vid motsvarande årstid under 1970- och 1980-talen. Den totala fångsten strömming år 2022 var endast 8 procent av fångsten i medeltal de tidigare åren, 1975–1988. Skillnaden var ännu mer tydlig för strömming av större storlek. Av den strömming som fångades vid Forsmark år 2022 var ingen fisk större än 25 cm. Medelfångsten vid en station vid Finbo, Åland, som också återbesöktes år 2022, var av samma omfattning som de tidigare åren, och i fångsten år 2022 ingick även strömmingar av större storleksklasser. Resultaten belyser även vikten av sammanhängande tidsserier. Vid både Forsmark och Finbo fanns stor mellanårsvariation i data från de tidigare åren, vilket är viktigt att ta med i bedömningen av 2022 års data, som är baserad på upprepade provfisken vid endast en station och ett år. En upprepning av tidigare utförda provfisken under fler år och på fler stationer skulle ge en säkrare bild av beståndens biologiska status idag. Resultaten för 2022 stöder dock den minskning som rapporterats från yrkesfisket.