bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substantiating the Economic Project-Based Parameters of Rocket and Space Technics in Conditions of Sustainable Space Activity
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Hilorme T. V.
Published: October 2021

The publication is aimed at determining the project parameters of the latest rocket and space technics. It is stated that when developing projects, it is necessary to take into account all phases of the life cycle of rocket and space technics in accordance with European standards as follows: phase 0 «Mission analysis/needs definition», phase A «Feasibility», phase B «Preliminary design», phase C «Detailed design», phase D «Qualification & Production», phase E «Operation», phase F «Utilization». On the basis of fractal analysis, a graphic interpretation of the comparison of SWOT-analysis components for the development of the rocket and space industry is constructed. The advantage of the model is the compactness of development due to the use of one platform and operational efficiency of use due to the absence of the need to upload data to a specialized system. Practical recommendations on the development of a national strategy for the innovative development of the rocket and space industry of Ukraine in the conditions of sustainable space activities are provided. It is identified that the weakness and a threat to the activities of the aerospace industry is insufficient financing for implemented projects and inefficient distribution of funds among its components: science – production. It is proposed to use Blockchain technology as an effective instrument for the cyber security of space objects. Possibilities of Agyle management are considered as a means for overcoming barriers to the introduction of innovative solutions in space activities. The mathematical model of project selection when maximizing the economic effect is presented, which takes into account both the economic components (the costs of «life» of the project, the budget for implementation, the cost of deferred decisions), as well as the social and ecological effects. The system of criteria for selecting and limiting a rocket and space technics project is substantiated. Prospect for further research is the substantiation of the project parameters of the latest rocket and space technics from the positions of other components of general efficiency: technical, social and ecological.
Efectividad de la terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad (Targa) en pacientes VIH positivos ingresados al programa de tratamiento de la IPS atención integral en la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia.
Authors: Torres Mora Gustavo , Moreno Grau Álvaro , Moreno Hernández Diego , Berrocal Almanza Luis Carlos , Ramos Clason Enrique Carlos
Published: October 2021

Introducción: a pesar que la infección por VIH/SIDA es uno de los principales problemas de salud en Colombia, son escasos los estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos que evalúen el tratamiento de estos pacientes. La ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, posee condiciones propicias para la infección por VIH como su condición de distrito turístico, epicentro de cambios demográficos y sociales que están vinculados con un alto riesgo de infección por VIH (4), no posee estudios que evalúen la efectividad de los tratamientos antirretrovirales. Objetivo: estimar la efectividad a seis meses, de la terapia TARGA en pacientes VIH positivo ingresados a un programa de tratamiento de una IPS de la ciudad. Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se analizaron todos los pacientes adscritos al programa de VIH/SIDA en la IPS “Atención integral” entre enero de 2007 a Julio de 2010. Se estudiaron variables demográficas como sexo edad, peso, índice de masa corporal, los diferentes esquemas antirretrovirales, conteo de linfocitos CD4, carga viral. Resultados: se encontraron 167 pacientes adscritos al programa, de estos se excluyeron 9 casos por no haber realizado la TARGA y 96 por no presentar el reporte de la carga viral antes o después del tratamiento; en total se analizaron 62 casos. El 59,7% era de sexo masculino, el promedio de edad fue de 35 años con desviación estándar (DE) de 9,4 años. El 49,5% de los casos tenía 30 años o menos; la edad mínima fue de 20 y la máxima de 58 años en promedio el 44,4% de las historias clínicas no tenía reportes de alguno de los paraclínicos de ingreso. El 16,1% de los pacientes tenía anemia, el 19,4% hipertrigliridemia, 17,7% hipercolesterolemia y 21,0% niveles bajos de colesterol HDL. Los cinco esquemas de TARGA más frecuentemente utilizados fueron: Lamivudina Estavudina Nevirapina con 29,0% de los casos, Lamivudina Zidovudina Efavirenz 19,4%, Lamivudina Estavudina Kaletra 11,3% y Lamivudina Abacavir Kaletra 8,1%. La efectividad de la TARGA teniendo en cuenta los parámetros anteriores muestra que existe una disminución estadísticamente significativa de la carga viral. La proporción de efectividad general de la TARGA fue de 9,9% para disminución del recuento de linfocitos T CD4 (+) y del 58,9% para disminución de la carga viral Conclusión: la evaluación de la terapia antirretroviral en el paciente con VIH/SIDA es un punto neurálgico de la atención de estos pacientes y al mismo tiempo el menos estudiado. Nuestra investigación pretende resaltar este tema e invitar a los interesados a realizar estudios prospectivos al respecto, los cuales incidirán positivamente en la salud de los pacientes, asignación de recursos gubernamentales, iniciativas encaminadas a la vigilancia y control de estos programas y reestructuraciones de los mismos.
Incidencia de delirium en pacientes críticos de la unidad de cuidados intensivos : Hospital Universitario del Caribe (enero - junio del 2010).
Authors: Serpa Serpa Adriana Isabel , Martínez Visbal Alfonso , Teherán Martínez Rubén
Published: October 2021

Introducción: el delirium es una patología frecuente en los pacientes en estado crítico que ingresan a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se presenta en tres subtipos que dependen de la actividad motora: delirium hipoactivo, hiperactivo y mixto. Esta entidad acarrea mayores complicaciones y costos durante la atención. No obstante, su frecuencia de aparición varía de un centro a otro, haciéndose necesario conocer la prevalencia para cada unidad. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de delirium en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Universitario del Caribe, en el periodo comprendido entre enero y junio de 2010; conocer la proporción existente entre los subtipos de delirium. Y también determinar las asociaciones que puedan existir entre la aparición de delirium y mortalidad, grupo etáreo, ventilación mecánica y desarrollo de síndrome de abstinencia. Método: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, realizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Universitario del Caribe en la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia, en el periodo comprendido entre enero y junio de 2010. Diariamente se aplicó, en todos los pacientes ingresados a la UCI, la Escala de Sedación y Agitación de Richmond (RASS) y Método de Evaluación de la Confusión de la UCI (CAM-ICU). Resultados: en un total de 96 pacientes protocolizados, se encontró una incidencia de delirium de un 30,2% (29 pacientes) de los cuales 17 (68%) fueron subclasificados como delirium hipoactivo, 11 (19%) como delirium mixto y uno (7,7%) como delirium hiperactivo. Además se encontró asociación de la aparición de delirium y mortalidad, edad, ventilación mecánica y desarrollo de síndrome de abstinencia. Conclusiones: la incidencia de delirium encontrada está dentro del rango reportado en estudios realizados en otros centros, con una distribución de los distintos subgrupos parecida a lo que se describe en la literatura. A pesar de la asociación existente entre delirium y mortalidad, edad, ventilación mecánica, y desarrollo de síndrome reabstinencia, con este estudio no se puede establecer una relación causal.
Factores socio económicos y de servicios de salud asociados con la mortalidad materna : una revisión.
Authors: Cordero Rizo Marcia Zulema , González Guillermo Julián
Published: October 2021

Introducción: aproximadamente 15.000 mujeres mueren cada año en América Latina y el Caribe por causas relacionadas con el embarazo. La tasa derivada de la mortalidad materna para la región, es de 130 muertes maternas por 100.000 nacidos vivos, cifra más elevada que la observada en los países desarrollados. Objetivo: identificar factores socio económicos y la prestación de los servicios de salud y su impacto en la mortalidad materna. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en bases de datos electrónicas mediante palabras clave con relación al tema, para detectar los factores socioeconómicos y la prestación de los servicios de salud. Se buscaron artículos desde enero de 1998 hasta diciembre del 2010. Se identificaron 16 factores (o temas) los cuales se observaron para establecer relación con mortalidad materna. Resultados: los temas o factores socioeconómicos asociados a mortalidad materna identificados fueron el nivel de educación, paridad materna, la edad, región, estado civil, condiciones de la vivienda y de los servicios de salud, controles prenatales y seguridad de los servicios de salud. Conclusión: el bajo nivel socioeconómico y por ende la pobreza constituyen determinantes de muerte materna. La falta de disponibilidad y los impedimentos al acceso a los cuidados prenatales también tienen una influencia significativa.
Calidad de sueño en estudiantes de primer semestre de enfermería, de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina - sede Bogotá
Authors: Mora Castiblanco Francy , Tatiana Idaly Tatiana Idaly , Rivera Hernández Sandra Milena
Published: October 2021

El sueño es una función biológica fundamental para la salud física y psicológica de las personas que incide en la calidad de vida. El propósito del presente estudio es analizar la calidad de sueño en estudiantes de primer semestre de Enfermería, de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina (sede Bogotá). Diseño metodológico: el estudio es descriptivo, se aplicó el Índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh, validado en Colombia. El principal resultado es que el promedio del puntaje total el Índice de calidad de sueño es de 12 puntos, lo cual indica que existen problemas de sueño, debido a que lo ideal serían cinco puntos.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Citrus sinensis: interaction with ampicilin and fluconazole
Authors:   Mersin University, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Department of Food Technology, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey, ELIUZ Elif Ayşe Erdoğan , YABALAK Erdal ,   Mersin University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Çiftlikköy Campus, TR-33343, SICAK Yusuf ,   Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Universit, Vocational School of Koycegiz, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Muğla, Turkey
Published: October 2021

In the present study, the interactions of essential oil (EO) of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck with two antibiotics (ampicillin and fluconazole), which are commonly used in the treatment of infections, were investigated. C. sinensis was hydrodistilled and the chemical composition of the obtained essential oil was identified by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analyses. The most representative compound of all obtained 18 compounds was d-limonene followed by the other major components such as linalool, α-terpineol, β-myrcene. The MICs (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of C. sinensis essential oil were 152.06 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 54.41 mg/mL and the IZs (Inhibition Zone) were noted as 3.4 mm, 3.3 mm, 8.3 mm for E. coli, S. aureus for C. albicans, respectively. Antimicrobial performance of antibiotics in combinations with the essential oil on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were determined using antimicrobial checkerboard method. According to this model, antagonist effect was observed as 14.29%, 57.14% and 0% for S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, respectively. As a result, the use of C. sinensis essential oil with antibiotics can be seen as a disadvantage as it may slow the effect of antibiotics. On the contrary, in another case, the using of C. sinensis essential oil with antibiotics may cause to delaying the resistance mechanisms of bacteria and turn of antagonism to advantage in clinical applications.
Alkali fusion co-precipitation/cation exchange/extraction enrichment for determination of trace rare earth elements in rocks by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors:   Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, P. R. China, ZHAO Wenzhi , ZHOU Chuanfang ,   Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, P. R. China, YU Junbo ,   Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, P. R. China, ZHANG Yuan ,   Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, P. R. China
Published: October 2021

In this paper, three separation and pre-enrichment methods of Mg(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 co-precipitation, cation exchange and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazolone (PMBP) extraction were established by sodium peroxide alkali fusion digestion. Ca, Na and K, etc. were virtually eliminated from the analysis solutions using three sample processing procedures, thereby avoiding potential matrix interference and mass spectrometry interference due to high salt content. The detection limits of three methods were 0.0009-0.0076 mg/kg，0.0011-0.0062 mg/kg，0.0023-0.0114 mg/kg, respectively；the relative deviations of the determined rare earth elements (REEs) were -6.9-7.6%, -9.1-6.6% and -8.4-12.3%，respectively. The %RSD values of the three methods were lower than 10%, demonstrating good precision. The fit for purpose of the results was also evaluated by the quality criteria test proposed by the International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP), from which it can be deduced that the three methods were adequate considering geochemical mapping application. The three sample processing procedures can be applied for the determination of rare earth elements in rocks.
Preparation and characterisation of montmorillonite-Fe3+ (MMT-Fe3+) nanoclay mineral for crystal violet (CV) removal from aqueous solutions
Authors:   Laboratory of Chemical Process Engineering, Ferhat Abbas setif 1 University, Algeria, BOUDJEMAA Soufiane
Published: October 2021

Montmorillonite-Fe3+ (MMT-Fe3+) nanoclay mineral was successfully prepared using a ferric chloride precursor. The prepared sample was characterized using IR, XRD, BET and SEM-EDX. We have explored the highly efficient and environmentally benign MMT-Fe3+ for adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution under ambient conditions. The MMT-Fe3+ was interacted with CV dye solution at different pH, temperature and solid-to-liquid ratio. The concentration of CV dye removal was estimated from its optical density at λmax = 590 nm using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The CV dye removal was rapid at basic pH and increases with temperature up to 40 °C. A complete reduction (100%) was occurred in about 7 min at pH 7 and 10 while at pH 3 in about 10 min. The time taken for complete reduction at 0, 30 and 40 °C are 10, 7 and 5 min respectively. The removal followed by adsorption of dye molecules on the spent nanoclay mineral was evident from SEM/EDX analysis. More importantly, MMT-Fe3+ could be separated and retrieved easily after the reaction by centrifugation from the degraded CV dye solution. The experimental results of CV dye removal from MMT-Fe3+ follows the pseudo first order kinetics. This study reveals that MMT-Fe3+ has the potential to be used as reductant/adsorbant to remove cationic pollutants effectively and rapidly from drinking water and large scale of industrial wastewater.
An efficient method for determination of components in docosahexaenoic acid-phosphatidylcholine using pre-column derivatization HPLC
Authors:   School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710069, Shaanxi, China, LIU Li , ZHANG Tiantian ,   College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710000, Shaanxi, China, ZHANG Xiaoli ,   College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710000, Shaanxi, China, WANG Jiao ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710069, Shaanxi, China, SHU Wenfang ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710069, Shaanxi, China, QI Xinyu ,   College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710000, Shaanxi, China, ZHAO Binxia ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710069, Shaanxi, China, LI Binglin ,   College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
Published: October 2021

The content of docosahexaenoic acid-phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC) in the phospholipid product is closely related to its nutritional value and health function. An efficient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was firstly proposed and successfully applied to the determination of DHA-PC. DHA-PC was pre-treated by alkaline hydrolysis, acidification and then the obtained components underwent derivatization using α-bromoacetophenone as a derivatization reagent, triethylamine as a catalyst, to make them have ultraviolet (UV) absorption. Major components of DHA-PC could reach baseline separation within a short time (50 min). A gradient elution method using acetonitrile and methanol/water (1:1, volume ratio) at 0.55 mL/min, UV detection at 244 nm and a column temperature of 50 oC was found to optimally separate the components of DHA-PC. The intra-assay precisions (n = 6) and stabilities (n = 6) relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the major components were 2.5%-3.2% and 1.9%-4.0%, respectively. The average recoveries were 97.8%-106%. The results indicated that this method was rapid, accurate and reliable to analyze the content of DHA-PC in the phospholipid product. This method could be used not only to detect the content of DHA-PC in the phospholipid product, but to analyze the content of various fatty acids in mixed PC.
Dielectric properties of some polymers/ metal oxide nanoparticles nanocomposites using fast technique
Authors:   LMPMP, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat ABBAS University Sétif-1, Algeria, BENABID Fatma Zohra , ZOUAI Foued ,   Emerging Materials Research Unit, Ferhat ABBAS University Sétif-1, Algeria, BENACHOUR Djafer ,   LMPMP, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat ABBAS University Sétif-1, Algeria
Published: October 2021

In this study, a comparative study of nanocomposites with treated and untreated metal oxide nanoparticules using a plastograph was investigated. Stearic acid and co-mixing technique were chosen as a fast technique to ensure the dispersion of the filler into the polymeric matrix. Fillers were mechanically treated and co-mixed with stearic acid using kitchen coffee grinder and the mixture was then added to the polymeric matrix in a Brabender plastograph with various contents of 0.5 wt. %, 1 wt. % and 2 wt. %. The method effectiveness has been proved by AFM analysis. The results showed that the incorporation of inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles into polymeric matrix improves the dielectric properties. Results showed that with the co-mixing process and stearic acid the inorganic nanofillers have a strong influence on the permittivity of resulting nanocomposites.
Molecular descriptors of neural networks with chemical significance
Authors:   Department of mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal-713209, India, MONDAL Sourav , DE Nilanjan ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities (Mathematics), Calcutta Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata-700040, India, PAL Anita ,   Department of mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal-713209, India
Published: October 2021

The probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) are now being analysed to fix a variety of challenges in the diverse fields of science and technology. In chemical graph theory, there are several tools, such as polynomials, functions, etc. that can be used to characterize different network properties. The neighborhood M-polynomial (NM) is one of those that yields neighborhood degree sum based topological indices in a manner that is less time consuming than the usual approach. In this work, the NM-polynomial of 3-layered and 4-layered probabilistic neural networks are derived. Further, some neighborhood degree sum based topological indices are computed from those polynomials. Applications of the present work are interpreted by investigating the chemical importance of the indices. Some structure property models are derived. The graphical representations of the results are also reported.
Ignition and propagation properties of coal dust – air – methane hybrid mixtures
Authors:   National Institute for Research and Development in the Mine Safety and Protection to Explosion - INSEMEX, 33-34 G-ral Vasile Milea str., Petrosani, Roumania, PRODAN Maria , GHICIOI Emilian ,   National Institute for Research and Development in the Mine Safety and Protection to Explosion - INSEMEX, 33-34 G-ral Vasile Milea str., Petrosani, Roumania, JURCA Adrian ,   National Institute for Research and Development in the Mine Safety and Protection to Explosion - INSEMEX, 33-34 G-ral Vasile Milea str., Petrosani, Roumania, OANCEA Dumitru ,   Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Bd. Elisabeta, 030018 Bucharest, Roumania
Published: October 2021

The presence of a flammable gas in a combustible dust cloud significantly modifies its explosivity parameters. Thus, a hybrid mixture can become flammable even when both the dust-air and gas-air binary mixtures are under the corresponding lower explosion limits. The pressure-time histories of hybrid mixtures formed by coal dust, methane and air at different concentrations, at 1 bar initial pressure and normal temperature, were studied using the standard 20 L spherical explosion vessel and 5kJ chemical igniters or 10 J permanent sparks. From the early stages of the pressure-time history, when the pressure increase is equal to or less than the initial pressure, the normal burning velocities were evaluated and discussed.
Program for prediction dihedral angle from vicinal coupling constant with 3-sphere approach
Authors:   Institute of Organic Chemistry “C. D. Nenitescu”, Roumanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202B, sect 6, P. P. box 108, Bucharest, 060023, Roumania, BARTHA Emerich , MITAN Carmen-Irena ,   Institute of Organic Chemistry “C. D. Nenitescu”, Roumanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202B, sect 6, P. P. box 108, Bucharest, 060023, Roumania, DRAGHICI Constantin ,   Institute of Organic Chemistry “C. D. Nenitescu”, Roumanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202B, sect 6, P. P. box 108, Bucharest, 060023, Roumania, CAPROIU Miron T. ,   Institute of Organic Chemistry “C. D. Nenitescu”, Roumanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202B, sect 6, P. P. box 108, Bucharest, 060023, Roumania, FILIP Petru ,   Institute of Organic Chemistry “C. D. Nenitescu”, Roumanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202B, sect 6, P. P. box 108, Bucharest, 060023, Roumania, TARKO Laszlo ,   Institute of Organic Chemistry “C. D. Nenitescu”, Roumanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202B, sect 6, P. P. box 108, Bucharest, 060023, Roumania, MORIARTY Robert M. ,   University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Chemistry, Chicago, IL, 60607, U.S.A.
Published: October 2021

3-Sphere approach is applied on prediction dihedral angle θHnHn+1[deg] only from vicinal coupling constant 3JHnHn+1[Hz] with Java script, in comparation with angles calculated from the differences between two atoms of carbon chemical shift (ΔδCnCn+1[ppm]) and Karplus equations. The trigonometric equations 1, 2 ensuring the right sign along the D-, L series rule.
Investigation of surface relief gratings on azo-copolyimide films using atomic force microscopy
Authors:   “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi - 700553, Roumania, SAVA Ion , STOICA Iuliana ,   “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi - 700553, Roumania, MIHAILA Ilarion ,   Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies N-E Development Region (CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, Iaşi - 700506, Roumania, TOPALA Ionut ,   Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), Faculty of Physics, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, Iaşi - 700506, Roumania
Published: October 2021

Azo-copolyimide films were explored regarding the surface relief gratings formation under the action of pulsatory laser irradiation. The azo-copolyimides have been synthesized by the polycondensation reaction of benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and a mixture of two diamines, one of which contains substituted phenyl groups and the other one contains two pendent substituted azobenzene group, taken in the molar ratio 3 : 1, respectively. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the surface relief gratings characteristics in different conditions and for different structures of the azo-copolyimide films.
Laminar flame propagation in nitrogen-diluted stoichiometric H2-N2O mixtures – a numerical study
Authors:   “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independenţei, 060021 Bucharest, Roumania, RAZUS Domnina , MITU Maria ,   “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independenţei, 060021 Bucharest, Roumania, GIURCAN Venera ,   “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independenţei, 060021 Bucharest, Roumania, MOVILEANU Codina ,   “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independenţei, 060021 Bucharest, Roumania
Published: October 2021

The paper reports results of the detailed chemical modelling of isobaric deflagrations in stoichiometric H2-N2O-N2 mixtures (N2 = 20 - 60 vol%) at various initial temperatures (300 - 500 K) and various initial pressures (1 - 10 bar): laminar burning velocities, and profiles of temperature, volumetric heat release rate and species concentrations across the flame front. The dependence of the laminar burning velocity on temperature and pressure is examined by empirical power laws, for restricted ranges of pressure (or temperature) variation. For each examined composition, the laminar burning velocity correlates well with the volumetric rate of heat release and with the sum of mass fractions of reactive species in the flame front.
ChroniclItaly and ChroniclItaly 2.0: Digital Heritage to Access Narratives of Migration
Authors: Viola Lorella
Published: October 2021

Although the voice of migrants and minorities has increasingly being heard in migration research, studies of past narratives of migration remain comparatively rare. The reason for this lies in the fact that accessing historical records of migrants’ personal accounts is technically difficult. Voicing the experiences and ‘inner life’ of migrants, the immigrant press represents a suitable compromise. This article presents ChroniclItaly (Viola 2018) and ChroniclItaly 2.0 (Viola 2019), two digital heritage collections of Italian immigrant newspapers published in the United States between 1898 and 1920. Both corpora include the digitized front pages of 4,810 issues of seven Italian newspapers’ titles and contain 16,624,571 words; ChroniclItaly 2.0, in particular, includes annotations for referential entities such as people, places and organizations. The material was collected from Chronicling America, an Internet-based directory of digitized newspapers published in the United States from 1789 to 1963. With their focus on the turn of the twentieth century, ChroniclItaly and ChroniclItaly 2.0 are valuable sources for studying past narratives of migration and for obtaining new insights into the migrants’ role in the history of modern states. This article describes the context, rationale, data design and accessibility of the archives as well as research applications.
The Advantage of Incumbents in Coalitional Bargaining
Authors: Meriläinen Jaakko , Tukiainen Janne
Published: October 2021

The composition of governing coalitions does not always reflect the relative sizes of the coalition members, but research has not been able to fully reconcile why. We propose that political parties with more (re-elected) incumbent representatives fare better in coalitional bargaining. To evaluate this argument empirically, we construct a data set of parties and governing coalitions in Finnish local governments. Using an instrumental variable strategy that hinges on within-party close elections between incumbents and non-incumbents, we find that, ceteris paribus, having more re-elected incumbents improves a party’s coalitional bargaining outcomes. Descriptive evidence suggests that incumbent representation is particularly useful when a party is in a disadvantaged position (e.g., it is ideologically distant from other parties) and when the bargaining environment is more complex (e.g., there are more parties). Lastly, incumbent representation also matters for selection: parties that have more incumbent representatives nominate more incumbents in the municipal executive.
Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management of Native Atrioventricular Valve Regurgitation in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Martin Anne-Céline , Bories Marie-Cécile , Tence Noemie , Baudinaud Pierre , Pechmajou Louis , Puscas Tania , Marijon Eloi , Achouh Paul , Karam Nicole
Published: October 2021

Atrioventricular regurgitation is frequent in the setting of heart failure. It is due to atrial and ventricular remodelling, as well as rhythmic disturbances and loss of synchrony. Once atrioventricular regurgitation develops, it can aggravate the underlying heart failure, and further participate and aggravate its own severity. Its presence is therefore concomitantly a surrogate of advance disease and a predictor of mortality. Heart failure management, including medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and restoration of sinus rhythm, are the initial steps to reduce atrioventricular regurgitation. In the current review, we analyse the current data assessing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and impact of non-valvular intervention on atrioventricular regurgitation including medical treatment, cardiac resynchronization and atrial fibrillation ablation.
Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Trend Analysis of Grassland Ecosystem Drought in Asia From 2010 to 2018
Authors: Zhang Xun , Liang Yike , Li Xiang , Lin Gang , Liu Ying
Published: October 2021

Under the background of global climate change, the impact from drought on the ecosystem exhibits the characteristics of complexity and multi-process, especially for the main component, which is the grassland ecosystem of the overall ecosystem. Identifying past droughts and predicting future ones is vital in limiting their effects. However, the random and non-linear nature of drought variables makes accurate drought prediction still a challenging scientific problem. In this study, the boundaries, Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) of Asian Grassland Ecosystem (AGE) were obtained by Google Earth Engine (GEE), which were used to construct LST-EVI feature spaces to calculate the dry-wet edge fitting equations and Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (TVDI). Mann–Kendall test and Sen trend degrees were further used to analyze the drought trend of AGE. The results showed that there were obvious spatial differences in the wet and dry conditions of AGE, which showed that the TVDI increased from east to west and from north to south, with humid areas mainly concentrated in northern Asia and severe drought areas concentrated in southern Asia. From 2010 to 2018, the area of humid areas and severe drought areas of AGE decreased, and some humid areas changed to normal areas or even drought areas, while the drought in severe drought areas was alleviated. The results of the Sen trend test further show that the aggravating trend of drought in severe drought areas of South Asia is relatively low, and some areas show a trend of changing to humidity. However, there is an obvious aggravating trend of drought in humid areas or low drought areas of South Asia, these areas should also be the focus areas for drought prevention in the future. This study identified the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and evaluated the evolution trend of the drought of AGE, which is of great significance to the management and prevention of drought of AGE.
Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds by Antennal Lamellae of a Scarab Beetle
Authors: Li Ya-Ya , Liu Deguang , Wen Ping , Chen Li
Published: October 2021

Chemoreceptive sensilla are abundantly distributed on antennal lamellae of scarab beetles. Olfactory reception by these sensory lamellae plays a major role in feeding behaviors and sexual communication of these beetles. A new electroantennogram (EAG) recording technique is here described for evaluation of electrophysiological responses of antennal lamellae of Pseudosymmachia flavescens to sex pheromones and host plant-related compounds. EAG responses were recorded simultaneously from each lamella and the closed antennal club. All test stimuli elicited similar EAG depolarization profiles in all the three lamellae and the closed club although EAG amplitudes from the same lamella or the club varied widely among different chemical stimuli. The mid lamella tended to produce significantly greater EAG responses. EAG responses evoked by a sex pheromone component, anisole, showed a significant correlation with the density of sensilla placodea subtype 1 (SP1). However, no general patterns were obtained for correlations between the density of any test sensilla type and EAG amplitudes evoked by all the six plant volatiles. Single sensillum recordings are needed to elucidate the specific roles of these sensilla in intraspecific sexual communication and perception of host plant volatiles.
A Protocol for Preconceptional Screening of Consanguineous Couples Using Whole Exome Sequencing
Authors: Santos Carolina Maria de Araújo dos , Heller Ana Helena , Pena Heloisa Barbosa , Pena Sérgio Danilo Junho
Published: October 2021

Genetic studies performed in consanguineous couples suggest that the reproductive risk that distinguish them from other couples in the general population is related to autosomal recessive (AR) diseases. This risk is scattered among the thousands of known and potential AR diseases. Thus, for effective preconceptional screening of consanguineous couples it is necessary a test that encompasses the largest number of genes possible. For that reason, we decided to create a protocol based on whole exome sequencing (WES). We sequenced completely the exomes of 39 consanguineous couples at high coverage (∼100×). Applying bioinformatics filters, we could detect genetic variants that were simultaneously present in both members of the couple in all genes listed in the Clinical Genomics Database as causally related to AR diseases. Shared variants were then assessed for pathogenicity. For non-truncating variants (missense and in-frame indels) we considered as pathogenic or likely pathogenic only the variants included as such in the ClinVar database. Shared truncating variants (frameshift, non-sense, and canonical splice variants) were considered likely pathogenic when loss-of-function was a known mechanism of disease. The 39 consanguineous cases included two couples with a coefficient of genetic relationship (CGR) of 0.25, 26 couples with a CGR of 0.125, three couples with a CGR of 0.0625 and eight couples with a CGR of 0.03125. In 21 of the 39 couples (53.8%) we ascertained sharing of heterozygosity for at least one variant considered pathogenic or likely pathogenic for an AR disease. In eight couples we found sharing of heterozygosity for at least two pathogenic variants. Once the specific pathogenic variant was identified, it became possible for the couple to undergo prenatal diagnosis or, if desired, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) involving in vitro fertilization and embryo screening. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that preconceptional screening by WES is a useful new procedure that should be incorporated in the genetic counseling of all consanguineous couples.
Integrating CRISPR-Cas and Next Generation Sequencing in Plant Virology
Authors: Mushtaq Muntazir , Dar Aejaz Ahmad , Basu Umer , Bhat Basharat Ahmad , Mir Rakeeb Ahmad , Vats Sanskriti , Dar M. S. , Tyagi Anshika , Ali Sajad , Bansal Monika , Rai Gyanendra Kumar , Wani Shabir Hussain
Published: October 2021

Plant pathology has been revolutionized by the emergence and intervention of next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) which provide a fast, cost-effective, and reliable diagnostic for any class of pathogens. NGS has made tremendous advancements in the area of research and diagnostics of plant infecting viromes and has bridged plant virology with other advanced research fields like genome editing technologies. NGS in a broader perspective holds the potential for plant health improvement by diagnosing and mitigating the new or unusual symptoms caused by novel/unidentified viruses. CRISPR-based genome editing technologies can enable rapid engineering of efficient viral/viroid resistance by directly targeting specific nucleotide sites of plant viruses and viroids. Critical genes such as eIf (iso) 4E or eIF4E have been targeted via the CRISPR platform to produce plants resistant to single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. CRISPR/Cas-based multi-target DNA or RNA tests can be used for rapid and accurate diagnostic assays for plant viruses and viroids. Integrating NGS with CRISPR-based genome editing technologies may lead to a paradigm shift in combating deadly disease-causing plant viruses/viroids at the genomic level. Furthermore, the newly discovered CRISPR/Cas13 system has unprecedented potential in plant viroid diagnostics and interference. In this review, we have highlighted the application and importance of sequencing technologies on covering the viral genomes for precise modulations. This review also provides a snapshot vision of emerging developments in NGS technologies for the characterization of plant viruses and their potential utilities, advantages, and limitations in plant viral diagnostics. Furthermore, some of the notable advances like novel virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system that confers virus resistance with no off-target effects have been discussed.
Trafficking of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Healthy Arteries and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Tomas Lukas , Prica Filip , Schulz Christian
Published: October 2021

Monocytes and macrophages play essential roles in all stages of atherosclerosis – from early precursor lesions to advanced stages of the disease. Intima-resident macrophages are among the first cells to be confronted with the influx and retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins at the onset of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development. In this review, we outline the trafficking of monocytes and macrophages in and out of the healthy aorta, as well as the adaptation of their migratory behaviour during hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, we discuss the functional and ontogenetic composition of the aortic pool of mononuclear phagocytes and its link to the atherosclerotic disease process. The development of mouse models of atherosclerosis regression in recent years, has enabled scientists to investigate the behaviour of monocytes and macrophages during the resolution of atherosclerosis. Herein, we describe the dynamics of these mononuclear phagocytes upon cessation of hypercholesterolemia and how they contribute to the restoration of tissue homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the trafficking, fate and disease-relevant dynamics of monocytes and macrophages during atherosclerosis, and to highlight remaining questions. We focus on the results of rodent studies, as analysis of cellular fates requires experimental manipulations that cannot be performed in humans but point out findings that could be replicated in human tissues. Understanding of the biology of macrophages in atherosclerosis provides an important basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to limit lesion formation and promote plaque regression.
RETRACTED: vB-ApyS-JF1, the First Trueperella pyogenes Phage, Shows Potential as an Alternative Treatment Strategy for Trueperella pyogenes Infections
Authors: Ji Yalu , Song Liran , Zhou Zuoyong , Liu Xiao , Li Fengyang , Guo Zhimin , Guan Yuan , Yang Li , Feng Xin , Sun Changjiang , Lei Liancheng , Han Wenyu , Gu Jingmin
Published: October 2021

Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an important opportunistic animal pathogen that causes huge economic losses to the animal husbandry industry. The emergence of bacterial resistance and the unsatisfactory effect of the vaccine have prompted investigators to explore alternative strategies for controlling T. pyogenes infection. Due to the ability of phages to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria, the use of phage therapy to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections has attracted attention. In this study, a T. pyogenes phage, vB-ApyS-JF1 (JF1), was isolated from sewage samples, and its whole genome and biological characteristics were elucidated. Moreover, the protective effect of phage JF1 on a mouse bacteremic model caused by T. pyogenes was studied. JF1 harbors a double-stranded DNA genome with a length of 90,130 bp (30.57% G + C). The genome of JF1 lacked bacterial virulence–, antibiotic resistance– and lysogenesis-related genes. Moreover, the genome sequence of JF1 exhibited low coverage (<6%) with all published phages in the NCBI database, and a phylogenetic analysis of the terminase large subunits and capsid indicated that JF1 was evolutionarily distinct from known phages. In addition, JF1 was stable over a wide range of pH values (3 to 11) and temperatures (4 to 50°C) and exhibited strong lytic activity against T. pyogenes in vitro. In murine experiments, a single intraperitoneal administration of JF1 30 min post-inoculation provided 100% protection for mice against T. pyogenes infection. Compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) treatment group, JF1 significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the bacterial load in the blood and tissues of infected mice. Meanwhile, treatment with phage JF1 relieved the pathological symptoms observed in each tissue. Furthermore, the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the blood of infected mice were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in the phage-treated group. Taken together, these results indicate that phage JF1 demonstrated great potential as an alternative therapeutic treatment against T. pyogenes infection.
Bioinformatics Analysis Using ATAC-seq and RNA-seq for the Identification of 15 Gene Signatures Associated With the Prediction of Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Hui , Li Gang , Qiu Guangping
Published: October 2021

Background

Gene expression (RNA-seq) and overall survival (OS) in TCGA were combined using chromosome accessibility (ATAC-seq) to search for key molecules affecting liver cancer prognosis.

Methods

We used the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) to analyse chromatin accessibility in the promoter regions of whole genes in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and then screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the mRNA level by transcriptome sequencing technology (RNA-seq). We obtained genes significantly associated with overall survival (OS) by a one-way Cox analysis. The three were screened by taking intersection and further using a Kaplan–Meier (KM) for validation. A prognostic model was constructed using the obtained genes by LASSO regression analysis.The expression of these genes in hepatocellular carcinomas was then analysed. The protein expression of these genes was verified using the Human Protein Atlas(HPA) online datasets and immunohistochemistry.

Results

ATAC-seq, RNA-seq and survival analysis, combined with a LASSO prediction model, identified signatures of 15 genes (PRDX6, GCLM, HTATIP2, SEMA3F, UCK2, NOL10, KIF18A, RAP2A, BOD1, GDI2, ZIC2, GTF3C6 SLC1A5, ERI3 and SAC3D1), all of which were highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. The LASSO prognostic model showed that this risk score had high predictive accuracy for the survival prognosis at 1, 3 and 5 years. A KM curve analysis showed that high expression of all 15 gene signatures was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in LIHC patients. HPA analysis of protein expression showed that PRDX6, GCLM, HTATIP2, NOL10, KIF18A, RAP2A and GDI2 were highly expressed in the hepatocellular carcinoma tissues compared with normal control tissues.

Conclusions

PRDX6, GCLM, HTATIP2, SEMA3F, UCK2, NOL10, KIF18A, RAP2A, BOD1, GDI2, ZIC2, GTF3C6, SLC1A5, ERI3 and SAC3D1 may affect the prognosis of LIHC.
Pharmacist‐Led Intervention on the Inappropriate Use of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Pharmacotherapy in Intensive Care Units: A Systematic review
Authors: Xu Peipei , Yi Qiusha , Wang Cuitong , Zeng Linan , Olsen Keith M. , Zhao Rongsheng , Jiang Mingyan , Xu Ting , Zhang Lingli
Published: October 2021

Background: Pharmacist’s direct intervention or participation in multidisciplinary management teams can improve the clinical outcome and quality of life of patients. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of pharmacist-led interventions on the inappropriate use of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) pharmacotherapy in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: A systematic review was performed for relevant studies using searched PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), the Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and four Chinese databases from the establishment of databases to 12 March 2020. We conducted a descriptive analysis of participants, the intervention content and delivery, and the effects on inappropriate medication rates.

Results: From 529 records, 8 studies from 9 articles were included in the systematic review. The time of appropriateness judgment and the criteria of “appropriate” varied from included studies. Pharmacist interventions mainly included clarifying indications for SUP pharmacotherapy, education and awareness campaign, reviewed patients on SUP pharmacotherapy during rounds, and adjustments of drug use. Five (62.5%) studies found a significant intervention effect during hospitalization, while 2 (25%) studies at ICU transfer and 2 (25%) studies at hospital discharge. 4 (50%) studies identified the complications related to SUP pharmacotherapy and found no significant difference. 4 (50%) studies declared the pharmacist-led interventions were associated with cost savings.

Conclusion: Pharmacist-led intervention is associated with a decrease in inappropriate use of SUP pharmacotherapy during hospitalization, at ICU transferred and hospital discharged, and a lot of medical cost savings. Further research is needed to determine whether pharmacist-led intervention is cost-effective.