bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHINA'S INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING CONTRIBUTIONS AND THE EVOLUTION OF CONTEMPORARY CHINESE STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Neethling Theo
Published: June 2021

Following the end of the Cold War and significant changes in the international community, Chinese leaders moved from a reluctant stand in United Nations (UN) activities to a position of active cooperation in UN peacekeeping. In fact, China became the biggest contributor of troops to UN peacekeeping operations among the permanent members of the Security Council. Towards the mid-2000s, China was involved in all seven UN peacekeeping operations on the African continent. This dramatic surge in Chinese peacekeeping participation coincided with Beijing's efforts in the early 2000s to deliberately expand its economic and diplomatic influence globally through trade and diplomatic links, as well as through its participation in international organisations, including UN peacekeeping operations. However, there have always been limits to China's involvement in peacekeeping operations. Beijing's views on peacekeeping have consistently been based on a sound respect for state sovereignty and the principle of non-intervention. In this context, this article points out that on the one hand, China is increasingly expected to concern itself with the global responsibilities of a great power,but as its strategic and material interests have become more integrated and entangled with the African continent, Beijing is more and more compelled to consider its national interest and to protect those interestsin Africa. Consequently, China's growing involvement in peacekeeping has become more difficult to reconcile with the country's commitment to non-interventionism, particularly as witnessed in the case of South Sudan.
IN THIS ISSUE
Authors: Melber Henning
Published: June 2021

In the first of two Research Articles, diaspora in a sub-regional context is the focus of the micro-study by Saint José Inaka. His analysis of the political clashes between militant and non-militant oriented. Congolese factions in Pretoria draws attention to a hitherto largely unknown phenomenon. The fights between grassroots activists relating to differences in political support in the Democratic Republic of the Congo have since the 2000s expanded into the local arena of the South African capital. Until then mainly a domain of middle classes and elites operating transnationally, the dividing line is less between those for or against the Kabila government than those for or against the use of violence. According to Inaka, Pretoria's leniency towards the militant combattants allows them to limit the activities of those preferring peaceful means in support of change at home. Interestingly, the author submits that being exposed to the South African democracy has the impact of setting an example and reference point for how Congolese would like to be governed in their home country.
THE PEACEMAKING PEACEBUILDING-DEVELOPMENT NEXUS: MARRYING SOUTH AFRICA'S PEACE DIPLOMACY AND DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
Authors: Mabera Faith
Published: June 2021

South Africa has often been lauded as an influential and pivotal actor inpeace and security affairs on the evolving African peace and security architecture. The centrality of Africa in South Africa's foreign policy has driven its exercise of peace diplomacy in a significant number of conflicts in Africa; where its mode of engagement has ranged from mediation to peacekeeping and post-conflict reconstruction and development assistance. Concomitant to its peace actor profile, South Africa's repertoire as an emerging development partner also forms a large part of its African agenda. The embedding of sustainable peace as a goal in the post2015 development agenda and the enduring relevance of the securitydevelopment nexus continue to exert profound influence on the parameters and conduct of South Africa's foreign policy and its pointedly Afro-centric agenda. This article argues for greater integration and harmonisation between South Africa's peace diplomacy and its development partnership agenda through the formulation of a peacebuilding and stabilisation strategy.
DENG XIAOPING AND THE CHINESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: LESSONS FOR NAMIBIA
Authors: Amupanda1 Job Shipululo
Published: June 2021

At the centre of China's radical economic, social and technological transformation was the statesman Deng Xiaoping. Africa-China relations generally date back to the days of African struggles against colonialism and apartheid with some scholars tracing even earlier contacts between Chinese and Africans. The relations continued after independence and institutionalised into platforms such as Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). Despite the historical ties and platforms such as FOCAC, many African countries failed to emulate China's successful trajectory from a colony to a successful developmental state and world economic powerhouse. Although having historical and presently good relations with China, Namibia failed to use its relations with China to propel the country to economic greatness. Namibia not only has high levels of poverty, unemployment and inequality, the country has one of the highest records of economic inequality in the whole world. This article provides a descriptive account of the Chinese developmental state and draws possible lessons for Namibia to emulate.
Nyamnjoh, Francis B, #RhodesMustFall: Nibbling at Resilient Colonialism in South Africa. Langaa Research and Publishing Common Initiative Group 2016, 298 pp.
Authors: Sooliman Quraysha Ismail
Published: June 2021

Nyamnjoh's #RhodesMustFall is a timely release that unapologetically incorporates through a critical discourse analysis, the nuances and debates buried in the mainstream analysis of the various Fallist Movements. Nyamnjoh follows pertinent narratives about the #RhodesMustFall protests and of the need to re-evaluate transformation beyond the obsession of symbols (pp 84-85). The protests are about "revolting against the terms of engagement dictated to them" (p 84) and about deep seated frustrationswith the nature, extent and type of transformation that had been taking place (p157).
UBUNTU AS FOREIGN POLICY: THE AMBIGUITIES OF SOUTH AFRICA'S BRAND IMAGE AND IDENTITY
Authors: Le Pere Garth
Published: June 2021

South Africa's 2011 White Paper on foreign policy, "Building a Better World", is predicated on the far-reaching ambition of how Ubuntu (humanity) and Batho Pele (putting people first) together with their underlying humanist principles will guide the country's external relations. However, while noble, this calculus is poorly conceived as an approach to global issues. The article argues that while still a relatively successful nation brand if measured by marketing indicators, South Africa's normative currency and agency in foreign policy has depreciated considerably, with a direct bearing on its nation brand and identity. These are examined with regard to the security of citizens and the personality of the state and provide a register of the branding and image  deficits of the White Paper. Such deficits are then considered in terms of the cosmopolitan vision in South Africa's foreign policy and its moral and normative underpinnings. The article provides examples in both the domestic and global regimes to demonstrate the extent to which South Africa has lost its normative resilience in the conduct of its foreign policy, thus giving rise to ambiguities in its brand image and identity.
THE USE OF HEROISM IN THE ZIMBABWE AFRICAN NATIONAL UNION-PATRIOTIC FRONT (ZANU-PF) INTRA-PARTY FACTIONAL DYNAMICS
Authors: Masiya Tyanai , Maringira Godfrey
Published: June 2021

Much of what we know about Zimbabwe's liberation war heroes and heroines is associated with the Zimbabwe African National Union- Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF)'s recognition of individuals who defended its hold on power. However, of late, an upsurge in factionalism in the party has resulted in increasing reference to heroism as a means to exert factional dominance. An understanding of how this has been done can be used to explain ZANU-PF factional dynamics. Current studies call for the study of factionalism to focus on intra-party group dynamics instead of the traditional organisation forms of factions. It is in this context that this study argues that survival or fall of factions within (ZANU-PF) is framed around issues of heroism that is around one's perceived contribution or non-contribution to the liberation struggle. This article demonstrates this growing phenomenon in ZANU-PF veteran leaders whose status has been reshaped by new political moments as factionalism intensified. Inlight of rising factionalism, we argue that, war hero/heroine status in ZANU-PF is not permanent, but is highly shaped by obtaining factional political moments.
Steven Freidman, Power in Action: Democracy, Citizenship and Social Justice. Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2018, 271pp.
Authors: Muhluri Nkuna Vongani
Published: June 2021

Professor Steven Freidman’s book on the challenges facing South Africa’s democracy comes at a time when the Electoral Commission of South Africa (IEC) just hosted the highly contested national elections since 1994. Again, the book comes at a period where cut-throat power struggle politics of coalition governments at local government level are at their peak. The momentum and growth of opposition parties after 25 years of democracy in South Africa signal the growth and maturing of the ‘Rainbow Nation’ democracy. Opposition parties such as the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) are in an expedition to influence the African National Congress (ANC) led government to amend or review the South African Constitution of 1996; aimed at addressing the triple-headed monster (unemployment, income inequality and poverty). This book is also released at a time when troubled African states such as Sudan and Zimbabwe had undergone coup d’état and violent national protests over democracy upliftment. This premise rightly coincides with Freidman’s contention that authoritative leaders particularly in Africa deploy democracy to win elections but they are unable to ostensibly operate within democratic norms (pp vii-ix). This reflection can be well aligned to the assertion of Kenyan public intellectual, legal expert and scholar, Professor Patrick Lumumba “democracy is a competition of ideas, sustained by the constant dialogue where the minority have their say and the majority have their way.”
EDITORIAL
Authors: Colacrai Miryam , Lechini Gladys
Published: June 2021

Esta nueva entrega de los Cuadernos de Política Exterior Argentina (CUPEA), la primera de 2021, nos encuentra todavía transitando la incertidumbre generada por la pandemia, repetida y, en algunos casos, potenciada si nos retrotraemos a diciembre de 2020.El panorama internacional es realmente complejo, no sólo en lo sanitario sino en la multiplicidad de crisis políticas, intrincados procesos eleccionarios en una variedad de países, el crecimiento exponencial de la pobreza en las regiones subdesarrolladas y una casi generalizada deslegitimación de la “clase política” por parte de los ciudadanos que la percibe como muy alejada de la búsqueda del “bien común”.Nuevas y viejas disputas de poder, los interrogantes acerca de la transición hacia un nuevo orden internacional, la perspectiva de reflotar el multilateralismo, escenarios regionales que no logran superar su fragilidad para dar respuestas cooperativas y un peligroso ascenso de la Geopolítica para leer la realidad global.

Los Cuadernos de Política Exterior Argentina (Nueva época) apuntaron siempre a constituirse en un espacio de actualización académica y de promoción de debates en el campo disciplinar de las Relaciones Internacionales. Precisamente, este propósito así como también la calidad de los artículos, la regularidad de las entregas, la constitución de un Comité Editorial de alto nivel internacional y una base amplia, plural y muy especializada de referees que operan bajo la metodología doble ciego para dictaminar, han sido reconocidos en la Resolución por la cual, en abril de 2021, se incorpora CUPEA al Núcleo Básico de Revistas Científicas Argentinas. Esta decisión, sin dudas, estimula a continuar el proceso de validar la calidad en nuevas instancias a la vez que se convierte en un atractivo para investigadores y docentes que desean publicar sus trabajos.El número 133 de CUPEA cubre un amplio abanico temático de las Relaciones Internacionales y la Política Exterior, que en este caso ha coincidido con temáticas relativas a la región sudamericana. Cuenta con cinco artículos académicos sometidos a referato doble ciego; un artículo de opinión, la sección Misceláneas Universitarias y dos reseñas de libros recientemente editados.
Lucha contra el narcotráfico en América Latina-Caribe. La labor de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA)
Authors: Gómez Alfonsina
Published: June 2021

MORÁN BLANCO, Sagrario (2021). Lucha contra el narcotráfico en América Latina-Caribe. La labor de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA). Valencia (España): Tirant Lo Blanch, 381 páginas
¿Cómo informaron los medios de comunicación web sobre el brote de síndrome de Guillain-Barré en Perú?
Authors: Granados-Castañeda Luciana Rocío , Pantoja-Costa Alexandra Romina , Leguía-Cerna Juan Alberto , Díaz-Vélez Cristian
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Analizar las características de las noticias sobre el síndrome de Guillain-Barré emitidas por los principales medios de comunicación web del Perú, sobre el brote en mayo a julio del 2018. Material y Métodos: Se analizaron las características de las noticias emitidas por los principales medios de comunicación web del Perú sobre el Síndrome de Guillain-Barré entre los meses de mayo a julio del 2018. Las noticias fueron clasificadas según valoración de la noticia (informativa, educativa y con elevada percepción del riesgo de contagio y muerte), alcance, fecha y encuadre. Resultados: Se encontró que el mayor porcentaje de noticias fueron de carácter informativo (25,7%), mientras que las de menor porcentaje fueron las de carácter educativo (7,8%). En el análisis del encuadre se encontró que el mayor porcentaje de noticias se centró en el reporte de casos de Guillain-Barré (56,4%), mientras que el menor porcentaje fue el desabastecimiento de medicamentos (2,2%). Conclusiones: La mayoría de noticias fueron informativas sobre los casos de síndrome de Guillain-Barre.
GESTIÓN SANITARIA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19, EN UN HOSPITAL GENERAL. ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR
Authors: BECERRA-CANALES BLADIMIR DOMINGO , DEL RIO-MENDOZA JENY ROSANNA
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Valorar la gestión sanitaria, durante la pandemia por COVID-19, según percepción del usuario interno de un hospital general de Ica, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el Hospital Santa María del Socorro de Ica, durante junio a octubre del 2020. La muestra estuvo conformada por 108 participantes. Se recolectaron datos socio-laborales y se administró un instrumento tipo escala de 9 preguntas sobre percepción de la gestión sanitaria. Se calcularon frecuencias relativas, medias y desviaciones estándar, pruebas de U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: De los participantes, fueron de sexo femenino (73,1%); grupo ocupacional asistencial (89,8%); ocupación técnico de enfermería (33,3%); condición laboral contratado (54,6%); tiempo de servicio <5 años (44,4%), el promedio de edad fue de 39 años. El 31,5% califica la gestión sanitaria como inadecuada, 57,4% por mejorar y 11,1 adecuada. Las diferencias resultaron significativas según condición laboral nombrado, tiempo de servicio y edad. Conclusiones: La gestión sanitaria durante la pandemia por COVID-19, es valorada como por mejorar, según percepción del usuario interno de un hospital general de Ica, Perú.
Survey on Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease using Different Types of Neural Network Architecture
Authors: Kamath Deepthi , Fathima Misba Firdose , K. P. Monica , Kusuma M.
Published: June 2021

Alzheimer’s disease is a condition that leads to, progressive neurological brain disorder and destroys cells of the brain thereby causing an individual to lose their ability to continue daily activities and also hampers their mentality. Diagnostic symptoms are experienced by patients usually at later stages after irreversible neural damage occurs. Detection of AD is challenging because sometimes the signs that distinguish AD MRI data, can be found in MRI data of normal healthy brains of older people. Even though this disease is not completely curable, earlier detection can aid in promising treatment and prevent permanent damage to brain tissues. Age and genetics are the greatest risk factors for this disease. This paper presents the latest reports on AD detection based on different types of Neural Network Architectures.
Comportamiento regional de la captación y el crédito de la banca privada y mixta en México
Authors: González Méndez Héctor E.
Published: June 2021

El fin que se persigue en este trabajo consiste, precisamente, en la estimación de las funciones relevantes de captación y crédito bancarios a través de un análisis de corte transversal entre las entidades federativas de la República Mexicana.
Un análisis de la inflación en México
Authors: Marcos Yacamán Jesús
Published: June 2021

Se pretende construir y estimar un modelo muy simple que permita explicar la evolución de los precios.
Fault-tolerant Distribution Network Enabled by Series Soft Open Point
Authors: Qi Yang
Published: June 2021

Reliability enhancement is always considered as the top priority of the power distribution network. It is highly expected that the power network faults can be locally addressed without spreading into the entire grid. To fulfill the requirement, this paper develops a smart power-electronics device named series soft open point (SSOP). The proposed SSOP connects two AC terminals and can suppress the surge current caused by a short-circuit fault. In addition, it also performs the grid-forming function during an islanding fault. The principle of SSOP will be elaborated and the effectiveness of this proposal is validated by experimental results.
Study of potential application of alternative power cycles in Colombia
Authors: Vergel Ortega Mawency , Rojas Suarez Jhan Piero , Orjuela Abril Sofia
Published: June 2021

The energy cost and environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions have made efficient energy and renewable energy resources use a necessity for the care of the environment and for the economic and productive growth of the different sectors of a country’s economy. This has been achieved through policies that encourage the application of technologies that increase the processes efficiency and take advantage of the means available for generating power in different sectors of the economy where alternative power cycles like Goswami, Kalina, and ORC have great potential in both energy recovery and the use of renewable energy resources. In Colombia, the potential for using these technologies is wide in the industry since sectors such as Steel, cement, textile, among others, are made up. Where these cycles represent an opportunity for efficient energy use and, on the other hand, in the use of renewable energies such as geothermal and solar, these cycles have again proven to be viable, and due to the geographical location and characteristics of its soil, Colombia has a wide potential. All this shows the necessity for national policies that encourage efficient use through subsidies, investment, training, etc. For the application of alternative power cycles because their costs are so high and the support of financing instruments and policies at the national level is a latent need in Colombia.
The potential for new materialist justice via Nordic feminist perspectives of law
Authors: Käll Jannice
Published: June 2021

The Nordic feminist perspectives in law have traditionally been relatively successful in advocating, and effectuating, a feminist perspective of justice both within law and the society. However, Nordic feminist perspectives of law have at least to some degree, at this stage been limited to questions of equality between men and women and to the production of justice within the boundaries of the nation-state. In this article, I take the challenge upon myself of elaborating the notion of justice advanced by new materialist theory as a means to infuse the Nordic feminist perspective in, and on, law. This is pursued by reading new materialist theory and Nordic feminist perspectives of law against each other. In sum, the reading suggests that a focus on new materialist justice could be used to infuse Nordic feminist legal perspectives on justice by both shifting the understanding of law, and justice, as well as its contextual focus.
The Impact of Baseline Risk Factors on the Incidence of Febrile Neutropenia in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy with Pegfilgrastim Prophylaxis: A Real-World Data Analysis
Authors: Li Edward , Schroader Bridgette Kanz , Campbell David , Campbell Kim , Wang Weijia
Published: June 2021

Background: There are sparse data addressing whether standard risk factors for febrile neutropenia (FN) are relevant in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy and primary prophylaxis for FN, which would have implications for variables to consider during real-world comparative analyses of FN incidence.

Objective: To assess the impact of baseline patient-specific risk factors and regimen risk on the incidence of FN in patients receiving pegfilgrastim primary prophylaxis.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study in patients with breast cancer (BC) who received myelosuppressive chemotherapy and prophylactic pegfilgrastim identified January 1, 2017-May 31, 2018 from MarketScan® research databases. The outcomes were defined as incidence of FN in the first cycle and among all cycles of chemotherapy using three different definitions for FN. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations models were used to compare outcomes among patients with and without patient-specific risk factors and among those receiving regimens categorized as high-, intermediate-, or other-risk for FN (low-risk or undefinable by clinical practice guidelines).

Results: A total of 4460 patients were identified. In the first cycle of therapy, patients receiving intermediate-risk regimens were at up to 2 times higher risk for FN across all definitions than those receiving high-risk regimens (P<0.01). The odds ratio for main FN among patients with ≥4 versus 0 risk factors was 15.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5, 169.4; P<0.01). Patients with ≥3 FN risk factors had significantly greater risks for FN across all cycles of treatment than those with no risk factors; this was true for all FN definitions.

Discussion: The choice of FN definition significantly changed the impact of risk factors on the FN outcomes in our study, demonstrating the importance of evaluating all proxies for true FN events in a database study. This is particularly important during real-world study planning where potential missteps may lead to bias or confounding effects that render a study meaningless.

Conclusions: In patients with BC receiving chemotherapy with pegfilgrastim prophylaxis, patient-specific risk factors and regimen risk levels are determinants of FN risk. In real-world studies evaluating FN incidence, it is imperative to consider and control for these risk factors when conducting comparative analyses.
Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2
Authors:   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Singhvi Punit , García Mainieri Javier ,   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Ozer Hasan ,   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Sharma Brajendra ,   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Published: June 2021

The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.
Ensino de Química na Educação Básica: Construindo Conhecimentos a partir da produção do Sabão
Authors: Pereira Gomes Jacqueline , Dantas Filho Francisco Ferreira
Published: June 2021

Esta pesquisa é parte do trabalho de dissertação de Mestrado do Programa de Pós Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Educação Matemática – PPGECEM/UEPB em parceria com o Grupo de Pesquisa em Metodologias para a Educação Química – GPMEQ. A mesma teve como objetivo, construir conhecimentos científicos através da composição Química do sabão, proporcionando aos estudantes da 3ª Série do Ensino Médio (EM), uma melhor compreensão sobre as reações de saponificação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. Este trabalho foi realizado no ano de 2020, com 63 estudantes pertencentes a duas turmas da 3ª Série do EM, de uma Escola Estadual do município de Soledade-PB. O instrumento de coleta de dados, partiu da observação dos pesquisadores durante o desenvolvimento do experimento. Através do instrumento de coleta de dados, foi possível compreender, o quanto a inserção de temas geradores nas metodologias de ensino de Química, contribuem no processo de ensino e aprendizagem do educando.
Muito além da video aula: diversificando as metodologias de ensino remoto de biologia
Authors: Santos Franco da Silva Abe Amanda , Diban Quijada Carla Christie
Published: June 2021

No contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 diversas escolas brasileiras admitiram o ensino remoto emergencial (ERE) como forma de manutenção e continuidade da educação escolar através, principalmente, de videoaulas disponibilizadas na internet. Considerando-se que muitos estudantes não possuem acesso a uma ampla rede de dados de internet, necessária para assistir videoaulas frequentemente, e compreendendo a necessidade de se diversificar as metodologias de ensino a fim de manter o engajamento discente durante o período de ERE, desenvolvemos o PowerPoint® Dialogado, um material diferente das apresentações de PowerPoint® que os professores produzem cotidianamente para as aulas presenciais. Para construir este dispositivo, utilizamos ferramentas como o programa em si, gifs, animações, balões de fala, avatares das professoras, setas explicativas, além de personificar componentes da aula e usar linguagem coloquial. Como resultado verificou-se que os estudantes demonstraram preferência por essa metodologia para estudar durante o ERE, em detrimento de outras, e apresentaram resultados positivos nas avaliações.
ТИТРОВАНИЕ ДЕЦИМОЛЯРНОГО РАСТВОРА ОРТОФОСФОСФАТА НАТРИЯ Na3 PO4 ДЕЦИМОЛЯРНЫМ РАСТВОРОМ НСl ПО ПЕРВОЙ СТУПЕНИ
Authors: Хасанов И.И. , Хасанов А.И. , Яхьяева М.Э. , Висеркаева Э.И.
Published: June 2021

Цель работы– показать, что титрование солей многоосновных кислот рассматривается небольшим числом авторов из-за сложности расчета теоретической кривой титрования, подбора индикаторов по ступеням (стадиям) титрования, указать на ошибки, которые допускаются ими [1– 3, 5– 9], при использовании формул для расчета значений рН точек теоретической кривой титрования.
Найдены значения рН децимолярного раствора Na3 PO4, первой точки титрования децинормальным раствором соляной кислоты. Показано, что при титровании необходимо учитывать влияние гидролиза на установившиеся и устанавливающиеся в ходе титрования равновесия; достаточно резкий для точного титрования скачок на кривой титрования двух- и более многоосновных кислот наблюдается, если отношение двух последовательных констант будет не меньше 104; следует титровать так, чтобы индикаторная ошибка титрования была не более чем 0,1%.
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА МОЛОЧНОКИСЛЫХ БАКТЕРИЙ
Authors: Исламова Х.С. , Дохтукаева А.М. , Усаева Я.С.
Published: June 2021

Растущий в последнее время интерес исследователей к молочнокислым бактериям позволяет выявить множество возможных преимуществ, связанных с их функционированием, для здоровья человека Кисломолочные продукты занимают особое место в пищевом рационе человека и пользуются большим потребительским спросом благодаря своим вкусовым качествам и диетическим свойствам. Они содержат все необходимые вещества, которые обеспечивают нормальную жизнедеятельность человека, легко усваиваются, способствуют легкому процессу переваривания пищи, регулируют и, при необходимости, восстанавливают микробиоценоз кишечника.
РОМАШКА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННАЯ
Authors: Карбалигова З.Э. , Кумакова А.М.
Published: June 2021

Ромашка лекарственная относится к одним из самых старейших и древних лекарственных трав, которые на данный момент известны людям. Она относится к наиболее широко используемым и хорошо задокументированным лекарственным растениям в мире, которые рекомендуются для разных лечебных применений как в народной, так и традиционной медицине. Традиционно препараты ромашки, такие как ароматерапия с чаем и эфирными маслами, использовались для лечения бессонницы и для достижения седативного эффекта, как противовоспалительное, антиоксидантное, мягкое вяжущее и лечебное средство. Другие фармакологические свойства этого лекарственного растения включают антисептическую, ветрогонную, заживляющую, седативную и спазмолитическую активность и легкое потогонное средство. Помимо использования ромашки лекарственной в лечебных целях в народной и традиционной медицине, её масла обширно используются в парфюмерном производстве, в пищевой промышленности, а также при проведении ароматерапии.
ГИДРОЛИЗ В СИСТЕМЕ «НИТРАТ АЛЮМИНИЯ + ВОДА»
Authors: Мутузова М.Х. , Хасанов А.И. , Тангиева Д.А.
Published: June 2021

Цель работы– изучить ступенчатый гидролиз в системе «нитрат алюминия + вода», вывести формулы для расчета константы, степени и рН-гидролиза по трем ступеням в системе «соль, образованная слабым трехкислотным основанием гидроксидом алюминия и сильной азотной кислотой», осуществляемого трехзарядным катионом алюминия.
В статье последовательно рассмотрены уравнения гидролиза в системе «соль + вода» в якобы молекулярной и неполной молекулярной формах по всем трем стадиям гидролиза.
Применяя закон (константы) химического равновесия (ЗХР) к процессу гидролиза, отображаемого неполным ионно-молекулярным уравнением, выведены формулы констант гидролиз для каждой стадии, после этого рассмотрены степени гидролиза с выводом формул для вычисления степени гидролиза тернарной солью, образованной слабым основанием и сильной кислотой.
Следующим этапом было вычисление рН и рОН при гидролизе катионом алюминия Al3, на котором рассмотрены уравнения для нахождения их численных значений.
На каждой стадии, используя выведенные формулы, вычислены значения константы и степени гидролиза для 0,1 М и 1 М растворов нитрата алюминия. После чего найдены значения рН в этих растворах.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND LEARNING OF BUSINESS SUBJECTS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IKORODU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE
Authors: Fasae, Felicia Bosede Kehinde
Published: June 2021

This study investigated social media and the learning of business subjects in some selected secondary schools in Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State. The research design for the study was survey of the descriptive type. Five schools were randomly selected from which 100 students were further randomly selected, forming the sample for the study. A self-structured close ended questionnaire containing the bio-data of the respondents and 10 items eliciting responses on the topic was used. The instrument was validated by experts with a reliability coefficient of 0.87. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and percentage to answer the research questions while inferential statistics of chi-square (X2) and t-test were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed a significant influence of social networking on students’ learning of Business studies and a significant difference in the mean responses of male and female students on the influence of social media. It was concluded that social media has highly contributed towards effective learning of business subjects in Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State. Also, gender influences the use of social media. It was recommended among others that there should be adequate provision of social media facilities by the government for all senior schools to cater for the need of the students and enhance effective teaching; students should be allowed to have access to available social media in the schools such as computers and internet so that they will be familiar with the usage in the school system.
KEYWORDS: Social Media, Business Studies, Gender, Learning, Senior Secondary School.
STUDY THE NEED OF BASELINE ENERGY USE BENCH MARKING OF BUILDINGS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATE ZONES OF INDIA
Authors: Mr. Kishan Khatri  , Dr. Shweta Choudhary
Published: June 2021

The aim of research is to identify a need of a baseline energy use for benchmarking the minimum energy performance of the buildings for different climate zones of India. Its objective is to provide information and create awareness among customers on energy performance so that consumers can make informed decisions while purchasing appliances, selecting the ECMs and in creating a sustainable home. This study will help in the identification of underperforming buildings to target for efficiency improvements, identify best practices from efficient buildings, set investment priorities, verify savings and prevent snapback, share and report performance, earn recognition, continuous monitoring and implement a comprehensive management program. There are rating system available in India i.e. BEE Star Labelling program and GRIHA Baseline Energy Use to support these requirements. However, there are some limitation in the terms of Climate Zones and Standardization. The baseline energy use differs with each other on a certain parameter, which can create a misinterpretation for the building owners to rely on any standard. There is a need of knowing the current status/performance of the building as comparison to the similar type of buildings in India in respective climate zones. There is a further need to getting recognized by the authority at national level providing the status of the building energy performance. Enormous studies have been made and have suggested to follow the best Energy Conservation Measures (ECM’s) in the buildings. However, there is no portal or tool which can guide what further energy performance is needed to choose the ECMs accordingly. There is an online portal called Energy Star Portfolio Manager in USA which looks closer to the need and for the same a research has been carried out including all the stakeholders, engineers, architects, consultants to come up with the need of online benchmarking tool, accessible for all the building holders. Further, the expertise of BEE Certified Energy Auditors and Energy Managers can be helpful in the identification of this eco system of energy use benchmarking for the different climate zones of India.
KEYWORDS: Energy Use; Green Buildings; Climate Zones; Energy Performance Benchmarking; Energy Star Portfolio Manager
Independent Training of Students for Seminars on the Discipline Regional Folk Singing Styles
Authors: Solovyova I. N.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the key aspects of individual work performed by undergraduate students of Russian institutions of higher education of creative orientation educated in training direction “Art of Folk Singing”, as a part of preparation for workshop (seminar) sessions run within the frames of the academic discipline “Regional Styles of Folk Singing”. On the author’s view, one of the most important condition for today’s undergraduate students’ good self-education and fostering of a further folk singing culture specialist’s professionally valuable qualities is appreciation of significance of a role of a modern student’s individual work in general structure of pedagogical process running in the Russian higher school. The author of the paper briefly describes a typical structure of a workshop (seminar), its key management tasks and principles. Steps of an algorithm of information search and analysis of education materials by students are disclosed. The article outlines the author’s opinion on content peculiarities of issue-related calendar plan of academic discipline “Regional Styles of Folk Singing” that discloses particularly through a workshop (seminar) form. Also, the specifics of management of a workshop (seminar) are given; the author notices importance of a workshop (seminar) in the context of training students’ ability to apply received knowledge, skills practically.
Identifikasi Sistem Operasi Prosedur Tingkat Penanganan Penyakit pada Anak Balita
Authors: Samosir Khairunnisa , Yunus Yuhandri
Published: June 2021

Children at the age of 1 year (toddlers) are more susceptible to the disease, parents must always give more attention to their children with poor health conditions, of course it will be very important for the growth of children. Application of an expert system to diagnose digestive diseases by using the forward chaining method can help parents in knowing the state of children's health. This research is an applied technology product that can provide benefits as a media or instructor in handling patients. The design of this system has been carried out through data activities, rule design, process design and system testing. From data and information found handling facts. The results obtained from system testing using the PHP MySQl application indicate that the results of diagnoses and pediatric diseases at Tanjung Balai General Hospital, have as many as 10 patient data that have been examined by experts and have conducted system checks to achieve 80% accuracy, from the conclusions that can be concluded data obtained from experts developed using the Forward Chaining Method are appropriate in determining the symptoms and diseases obtained from experts.
Utilization study in real clinical practice of ceftolozane/tazobactam vs aminoglycosides and/or colistin in the treatment of multirresistant or extremely resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Pinilla-Rello Andrea , Huarte-Lacunza Rafael , Magallón-Martínez Arantxa , Cazorla-Poderoso Lucía , Pereira-Blanco Olga , Pérez-Moreno María , Larrodé-Leciñena Itziar , Martínez-Álvarez Rosa María , López-Calleja Ana Isabel ,   Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Comparative “real life” data on the effectiveness and safety of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) versus other regimens (aminoglycosides/colistin/combination), in the treatment of multi-resistant (MDR) and extremely resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), are needed to establish positions. Material and methods. Observational, retrospective study of patients with microbiological confirmation of MDR and XDR PA from July 2016 up to December 2018 in a tertiary hospital. Variables: age, sex, comorbidities, risk factors for multidrug resistance, variables related to infection, source of infection, microorganism and type of sample, antibiotic treatment, clinical cure, microbiological cure, recurrence, mortality on admission and 30 days post-discharge. Patients were classified according to received antibiotic treatment, C/T or aminoglycosides/colistin/combination Results. A total of 405 patients with PA MDR and XDR infection (73.1% men, mean age 63 ± 15 years) were studied. An 87.1% of PA XDR and a 12.9% MDR were observed. All patients received C/T as targeted therapy and in the aminoglycosides/colistin/combination group were 73.5%. Patients in the C/T group present worse prognostic factors: septic shock (30.0%) and catheterization (90.0%) (p<0.05). There were not statistically significant differences in microbiological cure (p=0.412), recurrence (p=0.880) and clinical cure (p=0.566). There were not statistically significant differences in mortality at admission (p=0.352) or at 30 days after discharge (p=0.231). A 17.2% of the patients with aminoglycosides/colistin/combination had acute kidney injury according to RIFLE criteria and 4.3% with C/T. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that there have been no differences in effectiveness (clinical or microbiological cure) in favour of C/T, although, in the period studied, it was used in most cases in multitreated patients with a worse prognosis. Randomized and prospective studies would be needed to establish an adequate positioning.
Does the Covid-19 Effect on Kidney Functions? Question Need an Answers, Observational Study, Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohammad J. Alenzi  , Mohammed Ghazi Alruwaili  , Hisham Abid Aldabbagh  , Raed Ayidh AlRuwail  , Muhannad Faleh Alanazi  , Ahmed Saud Alshlash  , Thamer A. Alruwaili4
Published: June 2021

Background: Many of the published studies on COVID-19 have highlighted lungs as the main organ affected in this disease. Some studies suggest that it can leads to Acute Kidney Injury . Our goal in this study to evaluate the effect of covid-19 on kidney function. A frequent monitoring of kidney functions in patients with COVID-19 can lead to early diagnosis of kidney disorders, and help in achieving the optimal therapeutic concentrations of drugs and reducing the risk of drug reactions. Methods: the study was carried among the consecutive 82 COVID - 19 patients. These patients were symptomatic and diagnosed to be positive for corona virus. The data was extracted from the patient medical record files. Those patients were followed after discharge from hospital to repeat their investigations after three weeksResults: Of the 82 patients, 68 patients (82.9%) had high leukocytes, 18 (21.9%) patients had hematuria, 34 (41.4%) had proteinuria and 10 patients (12.1%) had serum creatinine levels of more than 1.3 mg/dl.The follow-up three weeks after discharged Investigations revealed that 12 (14.6%) patients had moderately high leukocytosis, 6 (7.3%) patients with hematuria and 8 (9.1%) patients with proteinuria and one patient with high creatinine (2.4%).Conclusion: The Corona virus is affect mainly the respiratory system but can affect other system related to it too. It has a little effect directly on kidney either because there is no real effect on it or the immunity of patients prevent effectiveness of virus.
Scoping Review to Identify Potential Solutions to Challenges Faced by Village Health Workers in Bhutan
Authors: Sacha C. Hauc  , Dolley Tshering  , Agata M.P Atayde  , Layla M. Aboukhater  , Samten  , Kaveh Khoshnood
Published: June 2021

Community health workers (CHWs) have been readily utilized in a variety of economic and institutional settings over the last six decades. However, due to the diverse responsibilities, implementation styles, and sociocultural factors among different regions, the influence and benefits of CHWs differs widely among various nations. We present potential approaches to addressing the current challenges faced by VHWs in Bhutan, which are categorized into four overarching. categories. These include improving management and community expectations, improving societal factors for VHWs, providing monetary support for VHWs and improving and expanding training. Like many CHW programs in developing regions, Bhutan’s VHW program is able to offer a cost-effective source of health resources to communities in need. However, significant time and resources need to be invested to ensure that the dramatic reduction in VHWs becomes abated, as there is a clear increased cost onto the Bhutanese healthcare system and a decrease of necessary health services provided to communities. Although our study uses the Kingdom of Bhutan as a model, these recommendations can and should be implemented by other countries facing similar challenges with their community health worker programs.
Association between Effects of Sleep Pattern Behaviour of Children During Dental Treatment
Authors: Samuel Ashika Rachael , Gurunathan Deepa
Published: June 2021

Introduction : Young children have sleep alterations due to various social and cultural reasons which resultin behavioural changes .Providing dental care for such children becomes a tedious task for practitionersThe children tend to be indifferent towards treatment thus hampering the prognosis of the best providedtreatment .Materials and Methods : 100 children between the age of 5 and 14 were included in the study. Demographicdata and family status was recorded. They were then assessed on the basis of their behavior in the dentalclinic using Frankls behaviour scale.Results : The results showed that sleep was a major factor that influenced the child’s behavior. Mothersoccupation , type of family and number of siblings were also closely associated with the altered behavior ofthe child.Conclusion : Sleep must be given equal importance as food and water. It is a very important factor that isrequired for growing children .