bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective on using fibre mid-infrared supercontinuum laser sources for in vivo spectral discrimination of disease
Authors: Seddon Angela B. , Napier Bruce , Lindsay Ian , Lamrini Samir , Moselund Peter M. , Stone Nicholas , Bang Ole , Farries Mark
Published: November 2018

Mid-infrared (MIR) fibre-optics may play a future role in in vivo diagnosis of disease, including cancer.
A desymmetrization-based approach to morphinans: application in the total synthesis of oxycodone
Authors: Park Kun Ho (Kenny) , Chen David Y.-K.
Published: November 2018

Here we report a total synthesis of the pharmacologically significant morphinan alkaloid, oxycodone.
Spontaneous growth of hexagonal ZrB2 nanoplates driven by a screw dislocation mechanism
Authors: Liu Da , Chu Yanhui , Ye Beilin , Zhou Xiya
Published: November 2018

Hexagonal ZrB2 nanoplates had been successfully synthesized by a facile molten-salt assisted borothermal reduction technique based on the screw dislocation growth mechanism for the first time.
Elucidating the morphological aspects and proton dynamics in a hybrid perfluorosulfonic acid membrane for medium-temperature fuel cell applications
Authors: Akbari Saeed , Hamed Mosavian Mohammad Taghi , Moosavi Fatemeh , Ahmadpour Ali
Published: November 2018

Nafion® 117/heteropoly salt (HPS) composite membranes and the impact of substitution cation/proton ratio on their water and hydronium dynamics were investigated using molecular dynamics simulation.
Vibrationally induced metallisation of the energetic azide α-NaN3
Authors: Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Rudić Svemir , Pulham Colin R. , Morrison Carole A.
Published: November 2018

DFT reveals dynamic, vibrationally-induced metallisation of energetic material NaN3in the solid state as a potential mechanism for mechanochemical decomposition.
Microwave catalytic synthesis of ammonia from methane and nitrogen
Authors: Bai Xinwei , Tiwari Sarojini , Robinson Brandon , Killmer Casey , Li Lili , Hu Jianli
Published: November 2018

This study presents our recent findings that under microwave irradiation and/or microwave plasma conditions, nitrogen can react with methane to form ammonia and other value-added by-products, hydrogen and carbon nanotubes, at atmospheric pressure.
Enhancing interfacial contact in all solid state batteries with a cathode-supported solid electrolyte membrane framework
Authors: Chen Xinzhi , He Wenjun , Ding Liang-Xin , Wang Suqing , Wang Haihui
Published: November 2018

A cathode-supported solid electrolyte membrane framework with enhanced interfacial contact can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of all solid state batteries.
Role of microbial cell properties on bacterial pathogen and coliphage removal in biochar-modified stormwater biofilters
Authors: Afrooz A. R. M. Nabiul , Pitol Ana K. , Kitt Dianna , Boehm Alexandria B.
Published: November 2018

Bacterial pathogens and pathogen indicators suspended in stormwater are removed to a greater extent in biochar-augmented sand biofilters than sand biofilters; the processes governing the removal are distinct.
Gelatin–chitosan hydrogel particles for efficient removal of Hg(ii) from wastewater
Authors: Lone Saifullah , Yoon Dong Ho , Lee Hyangmoo , Cheong In Woo
Published: November 2018

Composite hydrogel particles synthesized by crosslinking of gelatin and chitosan are examined for the adsorption of Hg(ii) metal ions in an aqueous medium. This work reports a straightforward, robust, scalable, and environment-friendly approach towards easy monitoring and removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous mixtures.
Dielectrophoresis-actuated liquid lenses with dual air/liquid interfaces tuned from biconcave to biconvex
Authors: Chen Qingming , Li Tenghao , Li Zhaohui , Lu Chao , Zhang Xuming
Published: November 2018

Two air–liquid interfaces form a liquid lens for unprecedentedly tight and tunable focusing, obtainingfover −0.5 mm to infinite to +0.5 mm.
A safe-by-design tool for functionalised nanomaterials through the Enalos Nanoinformatics Cloud platform
Authors: Varsou Dimitra-Danai , Afantitis Antreas , Tsoumanis Andreas , Melagraki Georgia , Sarimveis Haralambos , Valsami-Jones Eugenia , Lynch Iseult
Published: November 2018

A validated nanoinformatics model for accurate prediction of the biological and toxicological profile of ligand-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes is released online for safe-by-design decision making.
A high-energy sodium-ion capacitor enabled by a nitrogen/sulfur co-doped hollow carbon nanofiber anode and an activated carbon cathode
Authors: Liao Ke , Wang Huanwen , Wang Libin , Xu Dongming , Wu Mao , Wang Rui , He Beibei , Gong Yansheng , Hu Xianluo
Published: November 2018

Hierarchically nanostructured N/S-co-doped hollow carbon nanofibers are fabricated as anodes for high-energy Na-ion capacitors.
Super-connected graphenic nanosheets via well-oriented bridges of naphthothiadiazole and benzodithiophene-containing donor–acceptors and photovoltaic applications thereof
Authors: Agbolaghi Samira
Published: November 2018

Super-connected nanostructures were developed through bridging rGO nanosheets with PBDT-DTNT and PBDT-TIPS-DTNT-DT polymers. The best-performing devices presented a PCE of 4.78%.
Highly hydrothermal stable mesoporous molecular sieves (TZM) prepared by the self assembly of zeolitic subunits from ZSM-5 desilication and their catalytic performance for CO2 reforming of CH4
Authors: Xu Junqiang , Zhang Qiang , Guo Fang , Wang Yaoqiong , Xie Jiaqing
Published: November 2018

We demonstrated a new strategy for the preparation of highly stable mesoporous molecular sieves (TZM) by the desilication of ZSM-5 zeolite and self-assembly of the zeolite subunits in a Na2O·(3.3–3.4) SiO2 aqueous solution.
Neutrophil affinity for PGP and HAIYPRH (T7) peptide dual-ligand functionalized nanoformulation enhances the brain delivery of tanshinone IIA and exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke by inhibiting proinflammatory signaling pathways
Authors: Li Yutao , An Chiying , Han Danan , Dang Yanxin , Liu Xin , Zhang Fengming , Xu Yuan , Zhong Haijing , Sun Xiaojun
Published: November 2018

A great challenge to the therapy of ischemic stroke is the poor physicochemical properties and inability of the drug to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
Bi2WO6/Ag3PO4–Ag Z-scheme heterojunction as a new plasmonic visible-light-driven photocatalyst: performance evaluation and mechanism study
Authors: Amiri Maryam , Dashtian Kheibar , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Mosleh Soleiman , Jannesar Ramin
Published: November 2018

The Bi2WO6/Ag3PO4–Ag Z-scheme heterojunction, as a novel plasmonic visible-light-driven photocatalyst, was prepared by ultrasound assisted in situ precipitation and the hydrothermal method and was further characterized using multiple techniques.
Evaluation of photocatalytic and supercapacitor potential of nickel tungstate nanoparticles synthesized by electrochemical method
Authors: Pourmortazavi Seied Mahdi , Rahimi-Nasrabadi Mehdi , Karimi Meisam Sadeghpour , Mirsadeghi Somayeh
Published: November 2018

Nickel tungstate nanoparticles (NiWO4 NPs) that were synthesized by an electrochemical method under various reaction conditions, namely, different tungstate ion concentrations, voltages, temperatures, and stirring rates, were studied here.
Highly active single-layer MoS2 catalysts synthesized by swift heavy ion irradiation
Authors: Madauß Lukas , Zegkinoglou Ioannis , Vázquez Muiños Henrique , Choi Yong-Wook , Kunze Sebastian , Zhao Meng-Qiang , Naylor Carl H. , Ernst Philipp , Pollmann Erik , Ochedowski Oliver , Lebius Henning , Benyagoub Abdenacer , Ban-d'Etat Brigitte , Johnson A. T. Charlie , Djurabekova Flyura , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz , Schleberger Marika
Published: November 2018

Swift heavy ion irradiation as a precise tool for nanostructuring materials allows the modification of ultrathin two-dimensional MoS2 such that the number of catalytically active edges is drastically increased, leading to a strongly enhanced performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Eco-friendly synthesis of N,S co-doped hierarchical nanocarbon as a highly efficient metal-free catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes
Authors: Liu Sijie , Cui Liting , Peng Zhiyao , Wang Jingjing , Hu Yajing , Yu Ao , Wang Haining , Peng Ping , Li Fang-Fang
Published: November 2018

N,S co-doped hierarchical nanocarbon derived from an azo-sulphonate dye pollutant demonstrates superior catalytic activity for the reduction of nitroarenes.
Janus monolayer of WSeTe, a new structural phase transition material driven by electrostatic gating
Authors: Sun Yajing , Shuai Zhigang , Wang Dong
Published: November 2018

By density functional theory calculations, we show that the Janus monolayer of WSeTe has faster semiconductor–semimetal phase transition kinetics than MoTe2.
Total synthesis of (±)-antroquinonol
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Du Chao , Hong Benke , Lei Xiaoguang
Published: November 2018

We report the total synthesis of (±)-antroquinonol based on a concise and efficient route.
Visible light-induced free radical promoted cationic polymerization using organotellurium compounds
Authors: Kaya Kerem , Seba Mustafa , Fujita Takehiro , Yamago Shigeru , Yagci Yusuf
Published: November 2018

In the present study, visible light and sunlight-induced cationic polymerization of vinyl and cyclic ethers using organotellurium compounds is demonstrated.
Catalytic effect of (H2O)n (n = 1–3) on the HO2 + NH2 → NH3 + 3O2 reaction under tropospheric conditions
Authors: Zhang Tianlei , Wang Kai , Qiao Zhangyu , Zhang Yongqi , Geng Lin , Wang Rui , Wang Zhiyin , Zhao Caibin , Jin Linxia
Published: November 2018

The catalytic effect of (H2O)n (n = 1−3) on the HO2 + NH2 → NH3 + 3O2 is mainly taken from the contribution of a single water vapor.
Unbiased spontaneous solar hydrogen production using stable TiO2–CuO composite nanofiber photocatalysts
Authors: Hasan Menna M. , Allam Nageh K.
Published: November 2018

We report on the optimization of electrospun TiO2–CuO composite nanofibers as low-cost and stable photocatalysts for visible-light photocatalytic water splitting.
Modulation of a coordination structure in a europium(iii)-based metallo-supramolecular polymer for high proton conduction
Authors: Narayana Yemineni S. L. V. , Chakraborty Chanchal , Rana Utpal , Ninomiya Yoshikazu , Yoshida Takefumi , Higuchi Masayoshi
Published: November 2018

Developing high proton conducting solid materials is significant in the field of fuel cells. We firstly synthesized europium(iii)-based metallo-supramolecular polymer with uncoordinated carboxylic acids (PolyEu-H), for high proton conduction.
Novozym 40086 as a novel biocatalyst to improve benzyl cinnamate synthesis
Authors: Sun Shangde , Tian Liya
Published: November 2018

Novozym 40086 was used as a novel biocatalyst to improve benzyl cinnamate synthesis.
Determination of the structure and geometry of N-heterocyclic carbenes on Au(111) using high-resolution spectroscopy
Authors: Lovat Giacomo , Doud Evan A. , Lu Deyu , Kladnik Gregor , Inkpen Michael S. , Steigerwald Michael L. , Cvetko Dean , Hybertsen Mark S. , Morgante Alberto , Roy Xavier , Venkataraman Latha
Published: November 2018

The geometry and bonding of N-heterocyclic carbenes to metal surfaces depends on the substituents on the N-atoms.
Generalized Langevin dynamics: construction and numerical integration of non-Markovian particle-based models
Authors: Jung Gerhard , Hanke Martin , Schmid Friederike
Published: November 2018

The generalized Langevin dynamics (GLD) technique enables the construction and numerical integration of non-Markovian coarse-grained models that perfectly reproduce the dynamics of an underlying atomistic (MD) system.
Dynamic surface antifouling: mechanism and systems
Authors: Xie Qingyi , Pan Jiansen , Ma Chunfeng , Zhang Guangzhao
Published: November 2018

Dynamic surface antifouling (DSA) using degradable polymers with excellent antifouling performance and mechanical properties is an effective and promising strategy.
The role of polymer–solvent interactions in polyvinyl-alcohol dispersions of multi-wall carbon nanotubes: from coagulant to dispersant
Authors: Ziv Efrat , Attia David , Vasilyev Gleb , Mendelson Orit , Zussman Eyal , Yerushalmi-Rozen Rachel
Published: November 2018

Swelling of non-fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl-alcohol in ethanol–water mixtures induces stability in dispersions of multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
Covalent layer-by-layer thin films with charge-transfer chromophores: side chain engineering for efficient Ag+ ion recognition in aqueous solutions
Authors: Fujita Hiroyuki , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2018

Covalent layer-by-layer films, fabricated by [2+2] cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization, show different Ag+ ion recognition behaviors due to the side-chain groups of precursor polymers.
Primary amine modulated synthesis of two-dimensional porous nanocarbons with tunable ultramicropores
Authors: Zhang Lu-Hua , Li Wen-Cui , Tang Lei , Wang Quan-Gao , Hu Qing-Tao , Zhang Yu , Lu An-Hui
Published: November 2018

A group of 2D porous nanocarbons with single-sized ultramicropores was synthesized using primary amines with variable aliphatic chain lengths as the modulator.
Sequential delivery of bismuth nanoparticles and doxorubicin by injectable macroporous hydrogels for combined anticancer kilovoltage X-ray radio- and chemo-therapy
Authors: Deng Junjie , Xun Xiaojie , Zheng Wenjun , Su Yunfei , Zheng Liyuan , Wang Chenfei , Su Ming
Published: November 2018

Sequential delivery systems are required to maximize synergistic anticancer therapeutic effects in combined X-ray radio- and chemo-therapy.
Surface Modification of Zinc Oxide by 3-aminopropyltiethoxysilane and a Comparative Study of Effect of Corrosion on Carbon Steel With Epoxy Containing Graphene Oxide-Zinc Oxide (GO-ZnO) Hybrids
Authors: Husna Othman Nurul , Mazli Mustapha , Mokhtar Che Ismail
Published: November 2018

The use of coupling agent, 3-aminopropyltiethoxysilane (APTES) in the silanization reaction with metal oxides plays an important role to ensure that additional chemical modification can successfully be achieved. Studies have shown that introducing metal oxides onto graphene oxide sheets can improve the dispersion of sheets in a polymeric matrix, contributing to its excellent anti-corrosion properties. Hence, two methods of APTES attachment has been explored, where the first method utilizes a reflux process to introduce siloxane bonds to the ZnO NP surface; the latter usesuse of ultrasonication to stimulate the functionalization of ZnO NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to characterize the APTES-Functionalized ZnO and the precipitation on the surface of GO sheets. The effect of GO-ZnO produced by the different types of functionalized ZnO on the corrosion protection and barrier performance of epoxy coating was investigated by electrochemical impedence spectroscopy (EIS). The results revealed that the long duration of reaction time provided by the reflux method managed to increase the number of siloxane bonds on the ZnO surface, allowing more amine groups to be attached onto the GO sheets and thus improve the corrosion resistance of epoxy.
Application of Computer Simulation for Productivity Improvement of Welding Unit in a Heater Manufacturing Industry: A Case Study Based on Arena
Authors: Abrishami Salman Jameh , Zeraatkar Mohammad , Esrafilian Rasoul , Vafaei Seyyed Amir , Zahraee Seyed Mojib
Published: November 2018

Firm’s efficiency and competitiveness are two important challenges in today’s global market that have motivated many manufacturing firms to plan novel manufacturing management strategies. Nowadays, simulation models have been used to assess different aspects of manufacturing systems. This paper introduces a welding unit of a manufacturing line of heater production as a case study and the basic application of the ARENA software. The main goal of this paper is increasing the productivity of the production line by using computer simulation. To achieve this goal, three various scenarios are compared and suggested to obtain the better improvement in productivity.
Turbulence Combined Convective Heat Transfer and Nanofluids Flows over Double Forward Facing Steps
Authors: Hussein Omar , Habib Khairul , Nasif Mohammad , Muhsan Ali , Bakthavatchalam Balaji
Published: November 2018

Predictions are reported for mixed convection using various types of nanofluids over forward-facing double steps in a duct. The continuity, momentum and energy equations are discretized and the simple algorithm is applied to link the pressure and flow fields inside the domain. Different types of nanoparticles Al2O3, CuO, SiO2 and ZnO, with different volume fractions in range of 1-4% are investigated to identify their effects on the heat transfer and fluid characteristics. Numerical investigations are conducted using finite volume method. The results indicate that SiO2 -water has the highest Nusselt number followed by Al2O3-water, CuO -water and ZnO-water. The Nusselt number increases as the volume fraction increases but decreases as the nanoparticles diameter increases.
Heat Energy Modelling of Travelling Wave Piezoceramic Ultrasonic Motor
Authors: Sunif Mohd Fathuddin Mohd , Haron Mohd Noor Firdaus , Romlay Fadhlur Rahman Mohd
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the method of determining and characterizing of a piezoelectric stator profile that applying in a piezoceramic ultrasonic motor with the consideration of heat generated. The piezoceramic ultrasonic motor is driven by the vibration of the piezoelectric element in order to ignite a motion. The harmonic and transient analysis of finite element method are used to predict the optimise operation frequency of the motor travelling wave. Then, a thermal analysis is conducted in order to analyse the heat distribution on the stator. The stator profile displacements with the variable temperature; 300, 360 and 450 K are analysed. The piezoceramic ultrasonic motor shows different longitudinal deflection with the increment of the temperature. Travelling wave optimization was found to be strongly dependent on the heat that generated by the piezoceramic.
Design and Development of Methanol Sensing MEMS Sensor for DMFC Technology
Authors: Soundrapandian Muthuraja , Krishnaswamy Subramaniam Chittur
Published: November 2018

The sensors can be developed based on ampherometric principle using Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) technology. The synthesis of cost effective electrocatalyst materials for improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and preparing electrodes by using suitable methods to reduce the cost of the sensing electrode is the major objective of the present work. Pt-Sn alloy exhibits high sensitivity in ORR among other Pt alloys and hence will be used as the ORR catalysts. For various concentration of methanol at different temperature, the current density of the chemically synthesised and characterized Pt-Sn/C was analysed. The accuracy will be determined by the detection of electric current or changes in electric current to design the sensor. To analyse the sensor accuracy, we have used passive mode design protocol in COMSOL Multiphysics. From the constructed cell of 1.0 cm cell area, we can optimize the overall power density and hence the sensitivity of the sensor by the modification of the cell parameters and interfacing it with Darcy’s law of fluidic flow through porous electrode medium. The micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology was used for the design and fabrication of sensor with the electrochemical inputs from a standard DMFC single cell arrangement. The cell structure has been fabricated using a 3D printing technology and the output of the cell was optimized for ampherometric detection. The sensor with microfludic interconnects were fabricated by MEMS technology. The sensor response characteristics were studied and will be presented.
Investigation on Flow and Heat Transfer of Supercritical CO2 in Helical Coiled Tubes at Various Supercritical Pressures
Authors: Thiwaan Rao N. , Oumer Ahmed. N. , Devandran G. , Noor M.M.
Published: November 2018

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) has unique thermal properties with better flow and heat transfer behavior. However, the flow and heat transfer behavior of scCO2 using helical coil geometries have not fully documented yet. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of scCO2 in helical coiled tubes for heating process using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. For the simulation, commercial CFD software called ANSYS FLUENT is used. Helical coiled tube of inner and outer diameter 9.0 mm and 12.0 mm, respectively, with total length of 5500 mm, pitch distance of 32.0 mm and 6 turns of coils is considered. The model is intended to analyze the pressure drops, friction factor, Nusselt number, and goodness factor of scCO2. Three different inlet pressures (8.00 MPa, 9.03 MPa and 10.05 MPa) with three different uniform heat fluxes (20.5 kW/m2, 50.5 kW/m2 and 80.5 kW/m2) at constant inlet temperature of 27°C are considered. The numerical results are compared with experiment results from previous study to validate the developed model. The wall temperature results from the numerical analysis are in good agreement with the experimental data. From the numerical analysis, the Nusselt number increased significantly when the inlet mass flow rate and heat flux increased. Moreover, it was observed from the simulation results that an increment of average pressure drop by 900 Pa (19.57%) and average friction factor coefficient by 0.1536 (33.85%) when the pressure inlet increased from 9.03 MPa to 10.05 MPa. Hence, the results obtained from this study can provide information for further investigation of scCO2 for industrial applications
Experimental and Numerical investigation of Heat transfer enhancement using Al2O3-Ethylene Glycol/Water nanofluids in straight channel
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed K. , Abdolbaqi M. Kh , Ibrahim Thamir K. , Mamat Rizalman Bin , Awad Omar I.
Published: November 2018

A study of computational fluid dynamics has been conducted to study the characteristics of the heat transfer and friction factor of Al2O3/Ethylene glycol-water nanofluid flowing in straight channel. The three dimensional realizable k-e turbulent model with enhanced wall treatment was utilized. As well as were used Temperature dependent thermophysical properties of nanofluid and water. The evaluation of the overall performance of the tested channel was predicated on the thermohydrodynamic performance index. The obtained results showed that the difference in behaviour depending on the parameter that has been selected to compare the nanofluid with the base fluid. In addition, the friction factor and the heat transfer coefficient increases with an increase of the nanoparticles volume concentration at the same Reynolds number. The penalty of pressure drop is negligible with an increase of the volume concentration of nanoparticles. Conventional correlations that have been used in turbulent flow regime to predict average heat transfer and friction factor are Dittus-Boelter and Blasius correlations, for channel are also valid for the tested nanofluids which consider that the nanofluids have a homogeneous fluid behave.
Study thermo-mechanical properties of polyester composite reinforced by ceramic particles, SiC
Authors: Abas Falak O. , Abass Raghad Usama
Published: November 2018

Development of the Polymer Composites with natural fibers and fillers as a sustainable alternative material for some engineering applications, particularly in aerospace applications and automobile applications are being investigated. Lightweight and biodegradability and low cost Polyester composites are synthesised with an addition of Silicon carbide (SiC) particles by varying weight percentage (0, 3, 6, 10, 13, and 16 wt. %) respectively by using hand- layup technique followed by cold moulding. The prepared specimens were cut according to ASTM standard to determine hardness, impact strength, bending distortion and thermal conductivity properties. Afterward, the thermal and mechanical properties of all the unfilled and particulate filled composites are also evaluated for structural applications, i.e., hardness, impact strength, bending distortion, are determined with the change in filler content to notice the behaviour of composite material subjected to loading in addition to thermal conductivity property. Thermo-mechanical properties of the material are measured with the help of testing machines above according to their ASTM. It is found that the strength properties are greatly influenced by addition of this ceramic filler. Also shows that the thermal and mechanical properties of SiC-filled polyester composites are better than unfilled base composites
Performance Comparison of Different Models of Direct Steam Solar Plants Based on Parabolic Trough Technology by Simulink MATLAB
Authors: Mohammad Sanan T. , Al-Kayiem Hussain H. , Gilani Syed I.U. , Khlief Ayad K.
Published: November 2018

Solar thermal plants are among the most promising technologies to replace fossil fuel standing applications. Among solar thermal technologies, parabolic troughs are considered as the most mature application in the market. The objective of this paper is to elaborate on comparison results of three different topologies of solar parabolic troughs field, in terms of performances and energy production. Thermolib software was used to perform the proposed power plants simulation with direct steam generation. Applying the proposed models. These models simulate the behaviour of both the solar field and the power block of a 1.2 kW solar thermal power plant. The results of this analysis demonstrating that the use of steam separator and superheater in a stand-alone solar power plant model is more advantageous in terms of steam temperature, steam quality and net electricity production in comparison to other models. The optimum topology showed that the maximum temperature of steam outlet reach 221°C, steam quality reach 1 and efficiency of power plant around 19.6% for model 3.
Effect of Injection Pressure, Injection Duration, and Injection Frequency on Direct Injector’s Mass Flow Rate for Compressed Natural Gas Fuel
Authors: Alias Mohamad Hafizul Rahman , Rahim Mohd Fadzil Abdul , Rodzi Muhamad Haziq Mohd Ismail , Bakar Rosli Abu
Published: November 2018

A conventional gasoline direct injector is converted for gaseous fuel application. The conversion alters the injector characteristic which further affect the mixture formation and combustion processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of injection pressure (case 1), injection duration (case 2), and injection frequency (case 3) on the injector’s mass flow rate. An injector was independently tested by using an injector test bench. In Case 1, the injection pressure was tested from 20 bar to 60 bar at 24 ms of injection duration for 1000 injection counts. In Case 2, the injection duration was set from 2 to 24 ms at a constant 50 bar injection pressure for different engine speed. Whereas in Case 3, the averaged mass flow rate are plotted at different injection frequency. Theoretical calculations were carried out to compare the experimental and theoretical result. The experiment results shown that the injection pressure affected the injector mass flow rate linearly. At short injection duration, the mass flow rate inconsistent and highly fluctuated. At higher injection frequency, the mass flow rate is becoming higher. The theoretical results able to predict the mass flow rate trend but were unable to spot the fluctuating effects.
The Effect of Refrigerant Charge on the Performance of a Split-Unit Type Air Conditioner Using R22 Refrigerant
Authors: Yusof Mohd Hazwan , Muslim Sulaiman Mohd , Suhaimi Muhammad Fadhli , Ibrahim Hassan , Aziz Azizuddin Abdul , Basrawi Mohamad Firdaus
Published: November 2018

Numerous air conditioners are running without a proper refrigerant charge due to leakage and improper charging during installation. Therefore, there is a need to understand the performance of the air conditioner if it is not properly charged for the means of optimal operation and cost saving. This study is focusing on the usage of a used small capacity split-unit type air conditioner using R-22 refrigerant. The objective is to study the condenser performance over a variation of refrigerant charges. From the results, it is clear that the optimum refrigerant charge is 100%. The highest cooling capacity and COP were 3,330 J/s and 3.05 respectively.
Design optimization of industrial gas turbines using simulated annealing algorithms
Authors: Tahan Mohammadreza , Tamiru A.L. , Muhammad Masdi
Published: November 2018

Currently, gas turbine is one of the most widely-used power generating technologies. The race to achieve higher efficiency from gas turbines is gathering momentum with most of the major manufacturers. Cogeneration with advanced engines has the prospect of attaining thermal efficiencies around 60% in the future. In this condition, further development of gas turbine design optimization in order to obtain higher thermal efficiency seems to be beneficial. In the current work, the design of a single shaft gas turbine in a cogeneration plant is optimized based on the model established using thermodynamic theory. The overall thermal efficiency of the engine is tried to be optimized by adjusting the compressor efficiency, turbine efficiency, compression pressure ratio, and turbine inlet temperatures. A feasible solution should satisfy two physical constraints, namely a desired gas turbine power and a suitable limit of engine exhaust temperature. An evolutionary model using Simulated Annealing algorithm is developed to find the sets of optimal solutions in the space defined by user experience and literature. A number of case studies have been performed and an optimal solution and their corresponding performance are discussed.
Design and Analysis of Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Rehman Masood , Baharudin Zuhairi , Nallagownden Perumal , Islam Badar ul
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the modelling and analysis of resonant wireless power transfer (RWPT) system are carried out by using circuit theory. Equations of the efficiency and frequency are derived for basic series-series circuit topology and series-parallel-mixed circuit topology. The designed model uses the series-parallel-mixed topology. The model is tested for two different peak-to-peak voltage levels including 20 V and 40 V. The achieved efficiency at 20 V is 49.10% and at 40 V is 49.52% approximately. The modelling is performed by using advanced design system (ADS) high frequency design software. In addition, an overview of currently available wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies and the recent study on inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) and resonant wireless power transfer (RWPT) systems is also presented.
Flow of Water-Oil Emulsion through an Orifice
Authors: Sulaiman Shaharin A. , Moni Mohamad Nazmi Z. , Tamili Siti Norazilah Ahmad
Published: November 2018

The oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are two common types of emulsions found in oil production industry. While stable O/W may be beneficial in transporting crude oil, stable W/O poses a flow assurance problem that leads to disruptions and losses in oil production line. This study examines the behaviour of both types of emulsion (40:60, 50:50 and 60:40 water-oil emulsion, vol. basis) subjected to 3/4D, 1/2D and 1/4D orifices within a pipeline. The study confirms that oil and water may form emulsion with only mechanical agitation and dynamic flow in the pipeline and without the presence of any emulsifying agent. The flow rate and the velocity of all emulsions were found to drop with the reduction of orifice diameter.
A simulation study on CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers: Trapping mechanisms and risk of CO2 leakage
Authors: Foroozesh Jalal , Dier Monychol Adhil , Rezk Mohamed Gamal
Published: November 2018

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the main greenhouse gases that its high concentration in the atmosphere has caused the global warming issue. Sequestering CO2 in a suitable geological subsurface formation can be a feasible method to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers can store a significant volume of CO2 underground for thousand years. However, injecting CO2 into such formations does not guarantee a safe storage because CO2 could leak back to surface or contaminate the formation water. Hence, a proper evaluation of the sequestration site is required. In this study, a case study regarding CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers was conducted using CMG-GEM compositional simulator to study the effects of aquifer permeability, injection pressure and well trajectory on CO2 trapping mechanisms during sequestration process. A field-scale model with one injector well in which CO2 was injected into the aquifer for ten years and simulated for hundred years was studied. The results showed that, CO2 solubility trapping is the dominant mechanism with less risk of leakage when the aquifer has a good vertical permeability and the injection pressure is not high regardless of the well trajectory.
Study of Temperature Rise of Small Brushed DC Motor Under Different Load
Authors: Fatimah Abdullah N. , Wahab Abbas A. , Rasid M.A.H.
Published: November 2018

The heating of brush DC motor in the various applications usually involves the thermal damage to the motor like demagnetization of the magnet and also leads to short circuit. Due to this problem, the temperatures at the sensitive components are needed to be observed for a different number of loads. So, the motor will be delivered some torque when running thus generating the different value of losses. In this paper, a healthy brush DC motor is being used to observed temperature rise from the brush through the motors’ component and lastly to the outer space of the motor. Hence, discussion on the pattern of temperature rise will be discussed.
Interleaved 4-Phases DC/DC Converter for Electric Scooter to Improve Efficiency
Authors: Hasan Khairul Nisak Md , Ahmad Aida Syafiqah , Zakaria Zainul Azhar
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the design of an Interleaved DC/DC Boost Converter for the implementation of an Electric Scooter. The output of the power converter can be controlled using the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching technique to boost 12V battery supply to power a 24V Brushed DC Motor with improved efficiency compared to conventional converters. The design of the power converter was calculated for different number of interleaving phases. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink for 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8-phases interleaved converters to compare their performances. The 4-phase is selected due to its advantage and further implemented in the prototype. PWM output switching frequency is set to 25 kHz with 4 signals of 90° phase shift to each other. The testing on a complete prototype was carried out.
Cooling Performance of Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC) and Applications: A review
Authors: Sulaiman Aqilah Che , Amin Nasrul Amri Mohd , Basha Mohd Hafif , Majid Mohd Shukry Abdul , Nasir Nashrul Fazli bin Mohd , Zaman Izzuddin
Published: November 2018

Thermoelectric cooling (TEC) is a new attractive method that is can be used as a temperature controller. Thermoelectric module (TEM) is a device that environmentally friendly utilizing for cooling and heating application such as heat pump and power generation. Therefore, the understanding of relation between electrical conductivity and heat conductivity of the TEC material is essentially to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) efficiency. The figure of merit is addressed by focusing the best material in TEC with different cooling material. The critical finding of TEC for this review paper is the higher the electrical conductivity and the lower thermal conductivity, the maximum the COP. Finally, the possiblity of the TEC application is reviewed according to the advantages of TEC such as high reliability, less maintenance and compact size that commercially found in large range of thermoelectric cooling system. N
Performance analysis of a Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) based Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) water collector
Authors: Zulkepli Afzam , Chand M.R.R. , Ibrahim Thamir K , Sakidin Hamzah , Basrawi Firdaus , Yusof Mohd Hazwan
Published: November 2018

This paper intended to investigate the performance of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) based Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) water collector under different operating condition. A CIGS photovoltaic with nominal power 65 W combined with an unglazed flat plate solar thermal water collector with effective area of 2 m was investigated. The performance was tested under different mass flow rates of flowing water which are 0.005 kg/s, 0.020 kg/s and 0.030 kg/s. For the mass flow rate of 0.030 kg/s, data was taken at different Peak Sun Hour (PSH) condition from 4.2 to 5.7. It was found that both electrical and thermal efficiency increased when the mass flow rate increased. Both electrical and thermal performance increased at the higher mass flow rate with the most efficient flow rate was 0.030 kg/s. The highest electrical and thermal efficiency was 4% and 23% respectively. In addition, when PSH increased, the electrical and thermal efficiency increased. However, at the PSH of 5.7 both efficiency slightly decreased. Further study on higher mass flow rate is necessary as the performance is not always proportional with mass flow rate. In this paper the value of the PSH was only limited to 4 points, which need to be further investigated for more values to clarify the correlation with the PV/T performance.
Diesel Engine Performance Operating with Tire Derived Fuel
Authors: Hamzah Mohd. Herzwan , Alias Azri , Mamat Rizalman , Abdullah Abdul Adam , Sudrajad Agung , Ramlan Nur Atiqah , Jaharudin Nur Fauziah
Published: November 2018

Fossil fuel is non-renewable energy. This type of energy sources are widely used in many critical areas such as industrial application and vehicle application. Realizing this fact, many researches are conducted to produce alternative energy sources to reduce the dependence to fossil fuel for energy generation. As for example, fuels that produced from natural sources such as palm, rapeseed and jathropa are commonly used as alternative fuel especially for transportation purpose. Apart from natural sources, waste source such as used tires also can be utilized to produce alternative fuel. In this paper, the engine performance of diesel engine operating with unblended tire derived fuel (TDF) are analyzed and compared to diesel fuel. The experiment is conducted using a single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine. The engine operates at variable engine speed while constant load exerted to the engine. The performance parameters that are analyzed in the experiment includes engine power, engine torque, combustion pressure and exhaust gas temperature. Results from the experiment shows that diesel engine can operate with unblended TDF. However, TDF is not suitable for high engine speed applications. Furthermore, TDF produce lower performance output compared to diesel fuel.
Sensitivity Analysis of Fuzzy Activity-Based Life Cycle Costing
Authors: Mulubrhan Freselam , Mokhtar Ainul Akmar , Muhammad Masdi
Published: November 2018

A sensitivity analysis is typically conducted to identify how sensitive the output is to changes in the input. In this paper, the use of sensitivity analysis in the fuzzy activity based life cycle costing (LCC) is shown. LCC is the most frequently used economic model for decision making that considers all costs in the life of a system or equipment. The sensitivity analysis is done by varying the interest rate and time 15% and 45%, respectively, to the left and right, and varying 25% of the maintenance and operation cost. It is found that the operation cost and the interest rate give a high impact on the final output of the LCC. A case study of pumps is used in this study.
Reduced Dump Load Strategy with FDI using FSS in Micro-Hydel Generating Systems
Authors: Kumar B. Anil , Singh R.Raja , Mohan Harshit , Chelliah Thanga Raj
Published: November 2018

Micro-hydel plants are used in micro-grid or off-grid areas where there is an adequate availability of hydro potential. In general, micro-hydel systems are embedded with synchronous or asynchronous generator based electronic load controller (ELC) to have better frequency stability. Conventional ELC operate the generator with full load capacity regulating the generator output voltage and frequency. The conventional controller has a demerit of less efficiently. This paper presents a reduced dump load strategy (RDLS) with fault detection and isolation (FDI) for reliable operation of micro-hydro generators. Proposed strategy protects the system from load disturbances and isolates the system during line fault and sensor fault. Reduced dump load strategy with FDI enhances the machine’s lifespan and protects the system from catastrophic failure. Practical implementation of developed reduced dump load strategy using Full Spectrum Simulator (FSS) with 3 HP generator is presented in this paper. The presented methodology includes coding based FSS for controlling the dump load and switching operation.
Improving The Manoeuvrability of Electric Vehicle with Four-Wheel Drive and Four-Wheel Steering – A Nonlinear Model Vehicle Dynamics Approach
Authors: Ishak M.I. , Heerwan P.M. , Rasid M.A.H.
Published: November 2018

The dynamics motion of a vehicle is inherently a nonlinear dynamics system especially at high speed. Majority of past researches on four-wheel steering (4WS) vehicle adopt easier way of modelling a control system based on vehicle with linear dynamic equation of motion. This paper study on the vehicle dynamics of an electric vehicle with 4WD and 4WS based on nonlinear vehicle dynamic approach. A numerical simulation was performed to analyse the variance of a linear model and nonlinear model during cornering at various constant speed. The results show that during low speed cornering at 10 km/h, the linear and nonlinear model produced similar steady state cornering based on the trajectory and yaw rotational speed. However, the variants of linear and nonlinear started to appear as the vehicle speed increase. By obtaining the steady state cornering speed, another numerical simulation was performed to analyse the characteristics of the 4WD and 4WS electric vehicle. A passive control of the rear wheels’ steer angle was implement in the simulation. The results show that the parallel steering mode decreased the yaw rotational speed which broaden the trajectory of the cornering, while the opposite steering mode increased the yaw rotational speed that led to a tighter trajectory during cornering.
Design and Analysis of Model Predictive Control based Direct and Indirect Current strategy for Single Phase Shunt Active Power Filter
Authors: Kanagavel Rameshkumar , Indragandhi V. , Palanisamy K
Published: November 2018

In this paper presents a comparative analysis of two control method applied to a single phase Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF). It is about Model Predictive Control (MPC) based Direct Current Control (DCC) and Indirect Current Control (IDCC) strategy. The performances of two current control strategies were verified through a simulation with MATLABSimulink Software. Simulation results confirmed that compared to the DCC strategy, the IDCC strategy using MPC becomes simpler and need less hardware components.
Performance Analysis of a Steam Power Plant: A Case Study
Authors: Al-Taha Wadhah H. , Osman Hassan A.
Published: November 2018

In this work, the evaluated performance of thermal station is mechanically studied by determining the performance parameters for generative unit, which it is given the calculation model by doing heat balance for each one of its principal parts. A comparison is done between the particle results, which are obtained from the station and the theoretical results which its calculated from the basic first law thermodynamics, The different working loads (40%, 70%, 100%) of its completes load have been considered in order to determine the optimum working circumstances, in addition to demonstrate the effect of some working and environmental circumstances on unit performance.
Metal Injection Molding Process Parameters as A Function of Filling Performance of 3D Printed Polymer Mold
Authors: Qayyum Junaid A. , Altaf Khurram , Rani A. Majdi A. , Ahmad Faiz , Qadir Hafiz A. , Amin Waseem
Published: November 2018

Metal injection molding (MIM) is a swift manufacturing process, which can produce complex and intricate parts with good repeatability and accuracy. However, to quickly address low-volume demands of customized MIM parts, manufacturing of mold could be a potential challenge. Typically, machined metal molds are used for MIM, but they are expensive and need more lead time. The machined metal mold becomes useless once the design is changed or requirement of MIM parts is met. Therefore, for MIM production of a low volume of highly customized parts, machined metal mold could be substituted by 3D printed polymer molds. However, knowledge of filling behavior of MIM feedstock in polymer mold is a grey area, which demands study to investigate the effects of injection parameters on mold filling. The present study investigates the effects of machine injection parameters on feedstock filling behavior in 3D printed polymer molds. An attempt has been made to determine the trend of feedstock filling in the polymer mold as a function of injection parameters. Further, the design of experiment (DOE) has been used to estimate the weight of injection parameters.
A Real Time Data Monitoring System for Two-Degree of Freedom of Microcontroller based Solar Tracking System
Authors: Suparmaniam M.V. , Sathis V. , Arshed A.O.
Published: November 2018

The dual axis solar tracker was designed for optimum solar cell implementation using dc-dc boost converter which controlled by fuzzy logic controller with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. The objectives of this project are to track and optimize the maximum output power of the solar panel by designing and implementing the fuzzy logic controller using microcontroller as well as to regulate the output voltage of the solar panel using dc-dc boost converter. The photocell panel will detect the existing of sun and the surface plate of photocell panel will move horizontal and vertical axis depending on the value of LDR detected to follow the angular degree of sun in order to get maximum and best result of absorbing energy. The result obtained from the Arduino coding is the variation of duty cycle of PWM signal according to the voltage of solar panel. The final result obtained from dc-dc boost converter showed that the output voltage has been regulated. Data Acquisition System is done by using Arduino voltage sensor and current sensor to collect data for each second with the real time data graph. Overall, the designed system increases the efficiency of the solar panel based on experimental results.