bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Pengembangan Wisata Lewu Bue Upaya Merangsang Pertumbuhan Pariwisata di Kecamatan Bukit Batu, Palangka Raya
Authors: Gojali Muhammad , Rizali Rizali
Published: December 2024

This research analyzes the potential of Lewu Bue Tourism in Bukit Batu District, Palangka Raya City, focusing on its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collection through direct observation, interviews, field documentation, and questionnaires. Purposive sampling method was used to select research samples. SWOT analysis was employed to assess the internal and external factors influencing Lewu Bue Tourism. The results indicate that Lewu Bue Tourism possesses strengths and opportunities that can be leveraged for further development. The recommended development strategy is the SO strategy, utilizing existing strengths to optimize available opportunities. To stimulate tourism growth in Bukit Batu District through the development of Lewu Bue Tourism, several policies are recommended, including enhancing tourism attractions, utilizing digital technology, setting competitive and affordable prices, and marketing the affordability advantage through digital media. With the implementation of appropriate development strategies, Lewu Bue Tourism can become a competitive and sustainable tourist destination.
Kontribusi Sektor-Sektor Utama Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Balangan Tahun 2012-2021
Authors: Rifa'ini Ahmad , Rizali
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine how the contribution of the main sectors to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Balangan Regency. The data used are secondary data, namely data on the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the mining sector, agricultural sector, trade sector and construction sector from 2012-2021, with the type of quantitative descriptive research collected through documentation techniques and literature studies. The data analysis technique used is contribution analysis. The results of this study show that the main sectors with the largest contribution to the GRDP of Balangan Regency are the mining sector, the agricultural sector, the trade sector and the construction sector.
Pengaruh Dana Alokasi Umum, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Pendidikan, dan Kesehatan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Kota dan Kabupaten di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Gabi Ainul , Wibowo Muhammad Ghafur
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of general allocation funds, local original income, education and health on the human development indeks of cities and districts in West Nusa Tenggara Province as the object of research over 5 years, namely 2018 - 2022. The research method used is panel data regression. The results of the study show that the General Allocation Fund states that there is a positive relationship with the Human Development Indeks but does not have a significant effect, local revenue has a positive and significant effect on the Human Development Indeks, government expenditure for the education function states that there is a significant negative relationship with the Human Development Indeks. and government expenditure on health functions stated that there was a negative and insignificant relationship with the human development indeks in West Nusa Tenggara Province.
Analisis Prioritas Pengembangan Kampung Wisata Pada Pinggiran Sungai di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Maulana Rizky , Maulina Dessy
Published: December 2024

Banjarmasin City has the potential for development of a tourist village on the riverbank. Development of tourism villages need a lot of budget with limited government budget, then prioritization is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify criteria and alternative options for prioritizing the development of tourist villages on the riverbank in Banjarmasin City. The research respondents are 7 people considered experts and relevant to research, especially related to the research location, green villages, blue villages, and sasirangan villages by using data analysis AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The results show the most dominant criteria to support the development of tourist villages on riverbanks in Banjarmasin City are attractiveness criteria with preference of 46.6%, facilities and infrastructure criteria 27.7%, accessibility criteria 16.1%, and tourism promotion criteria 9.6%. From the 3 (three) alternative in this research, the alternative of sasirangan village has the highest preference of 49.9%, green village 26.9% and blue village 23.2%. Therefore, the priority of tourism village development on the riverbank in Banjarmasin City is prioritised on sasirangan village.
Strategi Pengembangan Objek Wisata Pantai Batakan Baru di Desa Batakan Kecamatan Panyipatan Kabupaten Tanah Laut
Authors: Noor Saddiq M. Mirza , Fahrati Eny
Published: December 2024

This study aims determine internal factors strengths and weaknesses in development of New Batakan Beach tourist attractions, external factors opportunities and threats in development of New Batakan Beach tourist attractions, the right development strategy for New Batakan Beach tourist attractions. Respondents amounted to 74 tourist and respondents who were considered experts amounted to 6 respondents. Using SWOT Analysis. The results showed the right development strategy for New Batakan Beach tourist attraction is S-O strategy, which means using strength to take advantage opportunities so that the development program can on target, namely: Improving and maintaining the beauty of natural scenery and fresh air makes tourists comfortable and strategic tourist locations so that they are easily accessible to tourists. Increased government support in development of tourist attractions such as the construction of camping places around the outskirts New Batakan Beach tourist attraction.
Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan Periode 2011-2020
Authors: Anggit Budiansyah
Published: December 2024

This research was conducted to analyze the effect of the Population Growth Rate, Economic Growth, and Inflation both partially and simultaneously on the Unemployment Rate in South Kalimantan Province in 2011-2020. The type of research used is a quantitative approach. With data analysis used in the form of Time Series data. Meanwhile, the data used comes from the official website of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The results of the study show that, simultaneously, it has a significant effect on the Unemployment Rate. Then, partially the Population Growth Rate and Inflation have a significant effect, Economic Growth has no significant effect on the Unemployment Rate in South Kalimantan Province in 2011-2020.
Upaya Peningkatan Potensi Obyek Wisata Unggulan Di Kota Banjarbaru
Authors: Wahyu Tiara
Published: December 2024

Banjarbaru City, Indonesia, holds significant potential in the tourism sector with a variety of attractions. Although some are not widely known, this research focuses on enhancing the potential of key tourist attractions in the city. Supporting and hindering factors for the success of these attractions are identified, including a lack of interest in human resource training, the impact of a hot climate on visitor experiences, limited collaboration with the local community, misunderstandings between managers and the tourism department, insufficient promotion, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and budget constraints. The study emphasizes that investing in infrastructure maintenance, utilizing cutting-edge technology, intensive promotion, close collaboration with the private sector and local community, effective communication, regular training, and full support from the local government can enhance the prominence of tourist attractions. By addressing these obstacles and implementing the recommended efforts, the development of key tourist attractions in Banjarbaru City is expected to achieve better results.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Transmigran Di Kabupaten Tabalong (Studi Kasus Transmigran Di Kelurahan Argomulyo)
Authors: Andrey Andrey Irawan , Rahmini Noor
Published: December 2024

The problems that occur among transmigrants, namely poverty is often associated with low income or low income, therefore low income can affect the transmigration program. To measure the income of transmigrant communities, you can look for variables related to income such as level of education, capital. effort, costs, work period, and work hours. This research aims to find out what factors can influence the income of transmigrants in Argomulyo village. The analysis used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The data sources are primary and secondary data. The results of the research are that capital, length of service, working hours and level of education simultaneously influence the income of transmigrants in Argomulyo Village. The dominant independent variable that partially influences transmigrants' income is working hours, and the independent variable that does not partially influence income is capital.
Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dana Bagi Hasil Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Melalui Belanja Langsung di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Astriana Putri , Siregar Syahrituah
Published: December 2024

This research examines how Regional Original Income and Profit Sharing Funds influence Economic Growth through Direct Expenditure. Secondary data collected in districts/cities in South Kalimantan Province for fifteen years, from 2008 to 2022, was used in this research. The official website of the South Kalimantan Provincial Government, especially the South Kalimantan Central Statistics Agency, provides information for this study. Path analysis and Sobel test are the analysis techniques used in this research. The findings of this research indicate that Original Regional Income and Profit Sharing Funds have a positive effect on Direct Expenditure, Original Regional Income and Direct Expenditure have no effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, Profit Sharing Funds influence economic growth. Direct Expenditure is able to influence or intervene in Regional Original Income and Profit Sharing Funds on Economic Growth.
Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Study with Respect to Current Situation and Overview of Tuberculosis Control Programs in Northern India
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Rastogi Dolly , Singh Mansi , Agnihotri Ujjwal , Singh Sonam , Gupta Yashvi , Sharma Tushar , Rastogi Munish
Published: December 2024

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs and is caused by the bacilli Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is an air borne disease, it First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch is also known as Koch's bacillus. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is a complex disease that can cause tuberculosis include Mycobacterium Bovis, Mycobacterium Microti and Mycobacterium Africanum Mycobacterium Microti isn't known to be get Tuberculosis in humans; infection with Mycobacterium Africanum is very rare, while Mycobacterium Bovis has a broad host range and is the main cause of tuberculosis in other animal species. Humans come infected by Mycobacterium Bovis, generally via milk, milk products or meat from an infected animal. Tuberculosis infection in healthy people is frequently asymptomatic. Tuberculosis forestallment and control activities Patients whose mycobacterium are resistant to Rifampicin, Isoniazid and other anti-TB medicines require longer, precious and more toxic treatment rules and are less likely to be cured.
A Case Study of Medicinal Plants in Govt. Gramya Bharti College, Korba, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Rathore Ranu , Chandra Umashankar
Published: December 2024

Govt.Gramya Bharti College at Hardibazar, Korba, Chhattisgarh, India conducted a survey on the diversity of medicinal plants. The M.Sc. students' observations and field visits to every location on our college campus served as the basis for this survey. A total of 70 species medicinal plants were identified during the survey tour. This survey's primary goal is to gather information on the medicinal plants that can be found on our college campus in order to protect its priceless bio-resources. Following the field study, observed medicinal plants were identified, and existing literature was sought for information on their therapeutic applications. 46 families include the total of 70 species of medicinal plants that have been recognized. 35 of the 70 kinds of medicinal plants were trees, 13 were shrubs, and 18 were herbaceous. The college campus was found to have a high concentration of plants belonging to the Fabaceae family, totaling 05 plants, and a second largest plant family, the Rutaceae family, with 03 plants detected. Numerous medical qualities found in all these plants include anti-bacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, antiviral, antifungal, antidote, anthelminthic, and anti-analgesic effects. They can also be used to treat skin conditions, snakebite, ulcers, diarrhoea, cough, and colds. Owing to the vast therapeutic qualities of the plants under assessment, certain valuable species that are vulnerable to these risks are being added to the list of "endangered plants." We hope that this survey will be useful to the forthcoming batches of M.Sc. students, as they can receive some ideas and information about medicinal plants of GramyaBharti College campus. After a few decades, certain precious plants may disappear in our college campus due to those threats.
Adherence Patterns and Invasion of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Carrying fimH Gene
Authors: Silva Gonçalves Sandra Maria Cordeiro da , Silva Andrade Nathália Lucas da , Barros Lopes Mariana , do Rosario Gabriel Gomes , Gomes Chagas Thiago Pavoni , Mendonça e Souza Cláudia Rezende Vieira , Escorsim Machado Daniel , Alessandra Perini Jamila , Silva Laport Marinella , da Silva Dias Rubens Clayton , Rosa Ignacio Ana Cláudia de Paula , Costa Pellegrino Flávia Lúcia Piffano
Published: December 2024

The present study aims to investigate two of the Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) pathogenesis mechanisms, as adherence and invasion in primate kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. Methods: 20 E. coli isolates from outpatients with UTI in one public clinic were evaluated for adherence and invasive abilities in Vero cells. Results: All 18 positive isolates for fimH gene adhered to the Vero cells (100%). The two UPEC isolates that did not carry the fimH gene did not adhere. Two different UPEC adherence patterns were observed: aggregative adherence pattern (AA) and a pattern called “no typical adherence pattern” (NTA). Among 18 adherent UPEC isolates, 11 presented AA adherence pattern (61%) and 7 showed NTA pattern (39%). The high rate of adherence of the UPEC fimH positive isolates (≅90%) to Vero cells suggests the expression and participation of the FimH adhesin in UPEC adherence behavior. Invasive capacity of UPEC isolates ranged of about 6.5% to 15.33%. Results corroborate the fact that UPEC can persist in the urinary tract through its adhesion, as well as invade cells establishing the bacterial UTI process.
Phytochemical Profiling, Quantitative Assessment, and Antimicrobial Potential of Premna tomentosa Leaf Extract
Authors: Pravalika G. , Rani A. Sabitha , Babu S. , Puri E. Shravya
Published: December 2024

The present study explores the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Premna tomentosa leaf extracts using different solvents: methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. The phytochemical analysis revealed that methanol was the most effective solvent, extracting the highest concentrations of alkaloids (450 mg/g equivalent), flavonoids (650 mg/g equivalent), phenols (550 mg/g equivalent), and tannins (500 mg/g equivalent). Chloroform also showed considerable efficacy, particularly in extracting flavonoids (650 mg/g equivalent) and alkaloids (400 mg/g equivalent). The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested against four bacterial strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) and three fungal strains (Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Phytophthora infestans). The methanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with zones of inhibition measuring 12 mm against Pseudomonas fluorescens, 9 mm against E. coli, 6 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 5 mm against Bacillus subtilis. The chloroform extract also showed significant antibacterial effects, with inhibition zones ranging from 5 mm to 7 mm across different bacterial strains. For antifungal activity, the methanol extract again demonstrated the highest efficacy, with 60% inhibition against both Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora infestans, and 50% inhibition against Sclerotium rolfsii. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed moderate antifungal activity, while petroleum ether extract was the least effective. The study underscores the potential of Premna tomentosa for developing natural antimicrobial agents and highlights the importance of solvent selection in maximizing the extraction of these compounds.
Changes in Protein and Amino Acid Content of Saffron Flowers Depending on Fertilization
Authors: K. Ruzmetova Nodira , O. Abdullayev Xurshidbek , X. Abdinazarov Sodikjon , N. Juraev Gayrat , A. Khujamshukurov Nortoji
Published: December 2024

Saffron is renowned for its high pharmaceutical value and steep price. The primary value of saffron lies in its flowers and stigmas. Cultivation of saffron in a plantation format is receiving significant attention globally. However, a key challenge faced in plantation cultivation of saffron is maintaining sufficient levels of the desired substances. A variety of biological and mineral fertilizers are commonly employed to enhance saffron production. Biological fertilizers show significant promise in saffron cultivation compared to chemical mineral fertilizers. However, the cultivation of saffron using zoohumus, an unconventional biological fertilizer, and its impact on the preservation of key substances have not been thoroughly investigated. Hence, this article examines the total protein and amino acid storage characteristics of saffron flower stigmas cultivated in conventional biohumus and non-traditional zoohumus. The results indicate that saffron flower stigmas grown in zoohumus exhibit higher levels of total protein and amino acid content compared to those grown in traditional biohumus.
Conversion of Animal Waste (Cow dung) into Electricity using MFC Technology
Authors: Meena L. , Keerthana S. , Sivapriya N. , Sowmiya R. , Mathavan A. Sethu , Kumar E. Prem , S. Aglin Sherin Siva , Mohana S. Suba , Bhavani B. , Kishore A. , Sibiarasu T.
Published: December 2024

Increased anthropogenic activities and consumption of natural resources have led to the decline in fossil fuel. To resolve an increasing global demand in energy, a source of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy is needed. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent the latest advancement in bioelectricity production. This technology harnesses the electrons released by microbes as they metabolize organic substrates, transferring them from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit to generate energy. In our study, we investigated the efficacy of organic substrate cow dung, as electron donors in the presence of microorganisms for bioelectricity generation. A salt bridge was employed between the anode and cathode chambers to facilitate proton transfer. Our findings indicate that MFCs constructed in this manner can effectively produce electricity from organic waste, offering a potential solution to the ongoing global energy crisis. The experimental readings from this substrate were monitored over a period of 5 days, with the performance being evaluated based on the voltage generated. The highest recorded values for the generated parameters were 1.31mV. These Dual chamber microbial fuel cells as a promising technology for future energy solutions.
Transforming Agriculture: Role of Natural Farming Models in India’s Sustainable Future
Authors: Lakhani Hardik , H. Geete Mandar
Published: December 2024

Reducing chemical inputs while depending on natural processes to preserve soil fertility and plant health is major goal of natural farming. This thorough analysis explores three crucial natural farming techniques: Intercropping systems, ATM models, and five-layer model. Five-Layer Model uses numerous crop layers to maximize resource usage, boost biodiversity, and improve soil health, mimicking ecosystems of real forests. ATM Model leverages locally accessible resources and conventional agricultural knowledge to produce high-quality crops with least amount of external inputs. Growing several crops close together at same time is known as intercropping, which also improves soil structure, biodiversity, and resistance to pests and diseases. In order to increase productivity and sustainability, this review also looks at crop rotation, alley cropping, permaculture, agroforestry, relay cropping, and intercropping. When compared to traditional farming practices, a comparative analysis demonstrates better benefits of natural farming systems in terms of biodiversity, soil health, cost effectiveness, and environmental impact. More data, scientific references, and a thorough comparison of these approaches' efficacy in sustainable agriculture are all included in this enlarged analysis.
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Haemodialysis Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Mutharasi G. , Gnanaguru P. , Kandasamy K. Lakshmi , Kandasamy D. M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients is mainly associated with prolonged vascular access, and contaminated equipment and as well as due to breakdown of universal precautionary procedures.The study aims on the prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among hemodialysis patients by Enzyme Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) and Quantitative Hepatitis C RNA real Time PCR. Methods: This retrospective record-based study is done from January 2023to December 2023, A total of 191 patients on maintenance haemodialysis were screened and tested for anti-HCV antibodies by 3rd generation ELISA and quantitative HCV RNA detection by real time-PCR as per CDC guidelines. Results: Out of 191, Anti-HCV antibodies were positive in 27patients, comprising 20 (74%) males and 7 (26%) females. HCV RNA was detected in 20patients, 16(80%) males and 4(20%) females, with highest prevalence among 41-60 years (55%). Conclusion: This study can help health professionals to treat patients with HCV on hemodialysis more effectively. Also reinforces the need for establishing effective prevention programs, which could lead to a reduction in the prevalence of HCV among patients on hemodialysis. In the absence of vaccine, routine screening and adherence to standard testing protocol for current HCV infection, infection control practice is the key strategy for preventing HCV transmission in hemodialysis units.
Bacteriological Profile of Mobile Phones Health Care Workers (HCW’S) working in ICU, NICU and OPD’S at A Tertiary Care Hospital, Northern India
Authors: Rastogi Munish , Rastogi Dolly , Tushar Sharma Shivani , Verma Anjali , Yadav Anjali , Kumar Ujjwal , Kumar Mohit
Published: December 2024

Cell phone and writing pen has become part and parcel of modern life. To live a life without cell phone is an impossible task for maximum people. Health care providers are also integral part of this era of mobile phones. During various activities linked to health care services health care professionals used to touch their cell phones and writing pens many a time. Hence, mobile phones and writing pens are found to be contaminated with various microorganisms. Aim: To find out bacteriological profile of cell phones and writing pens used by different categories of health care providers in a tertiary care hospital, Kanpur U.P. India and antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, U.P. Kanpur India during academic last 6th months. Swabs from 80 mobile phones and 20 from writing pens belonging to doctors, nurses, ward boys, laboratory technicians, according to the availability were collected in OT’s and OPD’s. The swabs were processed to isolate and identify the bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity tests of these isolates were done following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Results: Out of 80 cell phones and 20 writing pens (total 100) sampled 87 were found contaminated with various numbers of bacteria’s. 47% cell phones had single bacterial contamination while 30% cell phones and 10% writing pens were contaminated with two or more types of bacteria’s. Cell phones and writing pens of laboratory technicians were hundred percent contaminated, followed by nurses (96%). Differences in rate of contamination in different groups of health professionals were statistically significant.
A Comprehensive Study on Physicochemical, Mechanical Properties, and Characterization of Jute Fiber
Authors: Basanti Chanu Ngangkham , Baishya Kalita Binita , Boruah Sunita , Probha Borah Mamoni
Published: December 2024

Jute is a natural fiber occupying second place in economic importance and industrial applications only after cotton. Jute fiber is one of the most common biodegradable natural fibers which successfully replaced the synthetic and glass fibers. Jute is a long, soft, shiny bast fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. The present experimental research is done to investigate the physicochemical, mechanical properties, and characterization of Jute fibre. It is observed that the jute fiber has cellulosed content of 54.81% and lignin content 12.4%. Tensile strength of the fiber is found to be 31.14 cN/tex with fiber elongation of 1.9%. These are important properties which effect on the functionality and utility of the end products. The fiber exhibits functional groups such as hydroxyl groups, aldehyde, stretching aromatic ester, primary alcohol, alkene, and halogen compounds in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) spectra reveals fragile fracture with the presence of gummy and natural impurities as well as the outer epidermal layer of jute fibers. Jute fiber has several attractive advantages over synthetic and glass fiber like as low processing cost, low density, stiffness easily available, excellent mechanical properties, and low production energy required Jute fiber is widely used now-a-days both in the industry as well as in the manufacture of various value-added materials for domestic use.
Parental Polymorphism Survey Between Heat Tolerant N22 and Heat Susceptible 166-30S Using SSRs in Rice
Authors: Babu M. Suchandranath , Prasanth V. Vishnu , Kiran T. Vishnu , K. Mangrauthia Satendra , Voleti R. , Sudhakar P. , Satya A. Krishna , Neelamraju Sarla
Published: December 2024

Molecular marker technology stands out as a pivotal innovation to accelerate the progress in modern rice breeding, contributing to the development of improved varieties that can meet the challenges of global food production and climate change. Markers such as SSRs provide the broad genetic resolution needed to locate QTLs fairly accurately, which can then be easily used in breeding programs to improve crop traits. Mapping QTLs for traits associated with heat tolerance is important to develop heat resilient rice varieties. In the present study polymorphic markers were identified between two highly contrasting heat tolerant rice lines the aus variety N22 and heat susceptible Swarna x O. nivara introgression line 166-30S. A total of 748 randomly selected SSR markers covering all the 12 chromosomes were assessed and 110 distinctly polymorphic markers identified.
Influence of Biofertilizers on Flowering, Quality and Yield of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) in Open Field Condition
Authors: Borah Nilasree
Published: December 2024

An field experiment was undertaken at the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during the period of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. The experiment was laid out with 9 treatments in Randomized Block Design(RBD) and replicated 3 times. The Treatments comprised of T0 (Control), T1 {Bacillus subtilis (4% solution)}, T2 {Microbacterium laevaniformans (4% solution)}, T3 NPK (@15:10:20 g m-2), T4 Vermicompost (5 kg per plot), T5 (½ NPK + ½ Vermicompost + Bacillus subtilis), T6 (½ NPK + ½ Vermicompost + Microbacterium laevaniformans), T7 (½ NPK + ½ Vermicompost + Consortium) and T8 (Consortium). The results revealed that the flowering, quality and yield attributes were significantly influenced by the treatments. Most of the flowering, quality and yield characters were found highest in T7. Early visibility of bud from planting was recorded in the treatment T7 i.e., 61.09 days. This trend was reflected by early opening of bud (8.65days), days taken for early full bloom from bud opening (3.55 days), longer duration of flower (124.10 days), highest number of flowers per plant (34.33), highest flower diameter (9.78 cm), highest disc diameter (3.70 cm), length of flower stalk (50.37 cm), girth of flower stalk (0.66 cm) for T7 respectively. The highest self life of flower (16.21 days) and highest vase life of flower (10.78 days) were recorded in treatment T7 respectively. Likewise highest fresh weight of flower (12.85 g) and highest dry weight of flower (2.06 g) was recorded in treatment T7 respectively.
Economics of Feeding Azolla caroliniana in Crossbred Calves
Authors: Sunita Kalita , Lakhyajyoti Borah , Robin Bhuyan , Udhab Kalita
Published: December 2024

To analyse the impact of feeding dried Azolla caroliniana in partial replacement of concentrate feed on feed conversion efficiency and feeding cost of crossbred calves a study was conducted on crossbred calves. The dried Azolla caroliniana were mixed with concentrate mixture at 0%, 10% and 20% level on DM basis and fed to the eighteen (18) crossbred calves distributed in T0, T1 and T2 group respectively along with equal quantity of green grass (Napier) and paddy straw in each group. The feed conversion efficiency was highest in T0 followed by T1 and then T2 group. The cost of feeding per kg live weight gain was lowest in T2 (Rs.78.14) in comparison to T1 (Rs. 85.12) and T0 (Rs. 96.67). Thus, it can be concluded that Azolla caroliniana feeding would be economic for calf growth rate.
Invitro evaluation of Biological and Chemical agents against Fusarium wilt of Tobacco crops of Rajamahendravaram rural areas, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Vasavi P. Lakshmi , Chandra Mouli J. Balaji
Published: December 2024

Tobacco is one of the commercially important plants commonly affected by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium sp. It is vascular or fungal wilt causes major damage to the plant, in turns crop yield and productivity. It can be controlled by both fungicides and bio agents with various environmental impacts. Further, biocontrol agents play a significant role in the fungal diseases management of various plants predominantly Trichoderma sp. It is a saprophytic filamentous fungus of rhizospheric soil widely used as bio pesticides, bio fertilizers and also as soil fertility enhancer. The present work was intended to assess the possibilities of using Trichoderma sp. to inhibit the pathogenicity of Fusarium wilt by using invitro methods like dual culture technique, dual plate technique. At the same time efficacy of chemical agents – fungicides were studied by using poisoned food technique against the pathogen. Trichoderma isolates has the most effective antagonism activity based on invitro evaluations. Similarly, fungicides Benfil at 10 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations were effective in the inhibition of pathogen growth whereas Kavach was more potent at 100 ppm and 200 ppm dilutions in the of selected pathogen isolates. It was concluded that both bio control agent and fungicides were effective in the control of Fusarium wilt of tobacco plants either individual or in combine. Further studies may also require for usage of both biological and chemical agents in commercial formulations.
Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Metabolites of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Cyperus esculentus Milk
Authors: Tolulope Mamora Oluwatobi , Daniel Aina Ayandiran , Jonathan S. G. , Amodu S. , Fagbemi K. O.
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global public health threat, with the rapid rise of multidrug-resistant microbes becoming alarming. The quest for natural antimicrobials has increased as consumers seek safer alternatives for ensuring food safety, nutrition, and sensory quality. This current study investigates the antimicrobial activities of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from metabolites of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Cyperus esculentus milk. LAB were isolated and characterized using conventional and molecular methods. Metabolites from the LAB strains were used to synthesize AgNPs. The AgNPs were characterized using UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Antimicrobial assay was done using agar well diffusion method. Results from the study showed that Lactobacillus plantarum has the highest occurrence (37.5%) and Lactococcus acidophilus (4.2%) occurred least. UV-Vis confirmed the formation of LAB metabolite-synthesized AgNPs with absorbance peaks at 450 and 500 nm. Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed spherical AgNPs ranging from 1.32 to 23.22 nm, with size variations attributed to different LAB strains. EDX results indicated a significant presence of silver, with weak signals of other elements. The biosynthesized AgNPs possess antibacterial and antifungal activities against selected food pathogens. Lactobacillus plantarum strain 218 had the strongest antibacterial activities (22±2.00 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus. L. plantarum strain a27 had the strongest antifungal activities (11.5±0.71 mm) against Aspergillus flavus. Silver nanoparticles synthesized from the metabolites of LAB isolated from C. esculentus milk therefore show great potential as natural antimicrobials offering an alternative to combat antimicrobial resistance and improve microbial food safety.
THE TENDER PROCEDURES AS A RESPONSE TO RESOURCE PRICE INCREASES ON THE EXAMPLE OF TRAM INVESTMENTS IN WROCŁAW
Authors: SKIBA Magdalena
Published: December 2024

European Union institutions use public procurement contracts to purchase services, works, and goods through tenders. The purpose of public procurement is to ensure fair competition, which makes it extremely important to the economy. Public procurement may be awarded in several modes. Conducting a tender procedure, including preparing all necessary documents, placing an advertisement, and selecting a contractor, is a tedious and long-term process. 2022 brought increases, which significantly influenced the previously planned investments. Increases in prices were noticed in the area of raw materials and construction materials as well as in the costs of construction works. Such rapid changes were impossible to predict and, therefore, had an impact on the condition of budgetary units. It was necessary to analyze the problem and find a way to make investments in the face of new prices. An unusual contractual provision was used (option right), whose application has not been described for tender procedures in other European Union countries. Three examples from the implementation of tram investments in Wroclaw were described. The advantages of the option law in the context of implementing engineering tasks were described and analyzed.
IDENTIFYING STAKEHOLDERS’ ROLES WITH NET-MAPS: PAVING SAFER WALKS TO SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA
Authors: HARUMAIN Yong Adilah SHAMSUL , MATSUNAGA Chiaki , ZYED Zafirah Al Sadat , AZMI Nur Farhana , MD DALI Melastura
Published: December 2024

The study’s primary objective is to investigate stakeholders’ roles in paving safer walks to school for children in Malaysia using Net-Maps. Net-Map, a systematic and interactive participatory technique, is employed to visualize and analyse complex social networks, aiding in the identification of key stakeholders and influential individuals. By leveraging this methodology, the study identifies crucial stakeholders essential for assessing the feasibility of walking to school in Malaysia. This approach enhances collaboration among stakeholders with diverse backgrounds and areas of expertise, contributing to shared objectives in improving pedestrian safety. The study found that government and political support, adequate budget allocation, and prioritizing safety are critical factors in advancing walking-to-school initiatives. Active stakeholder participation in decision-making is essential for securing their endorsement, which is vital for the successful implementation of these projects. Engaging stakeholders early ensures that safety measures are effectively implemented and sustained. Involving stakeholders in decision-making helps tailor policies to the unique needs of different regions in Malaysia, ensuring resources are efficiently allocated where they are most needed.
HEAD MOTION ANALYSIS OF THE KPSIT C50 DUMMY IN SIMULATED LOW-SPEED COLLISIONS
Authors: FREJ Damian , JAŚKIEWICZ Marek
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the KPSIT C50 dummy to examine the impact of modifications to seat belts and vehicle seating. With the increasing frequency of sudden braking and vehicle collisions, particularly during traffic jams, understanding these factors is crucial. Experiments were conducted on a specially designed teaching platform that measures seat belt forces and the displacement of various body parts (whether of a dummy or a human volunteer) during low-speed crash tests. This research is part of a comprehensive investigation involving crash tests with volunteers and KPSIT physical dummies. A total of 150 volunteers participated, organized into specific percentile groups. The study compared the displacement of the head centers of the KPST C50 dummy with that of volunteers categorized as C50. The findings highlight that utilizing a sports seat with four-point seat belts significantly limits head movement during low-speed collisions. This type of seating offers enhanced safety by minimizing the risk of head injuries from impacts with the steering column in collisions where the airbag has not been activated. Additionally, the results indicate that standard passenger vehicle seat belts allow for more forward head movement during a collision.
A METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE CRITICALITY OF FAILURES OF RAILWAY VEHICLE COMPONENTS USING THE FMECA METHOD
Authors: SZKODA Maciej , KACZOR Grzegorz , GRZYWNA Maciej
Published: December 2024

Assessing the risk of hazards in the operation of rail vehicles is an important part of verifying their reliability and safety. This paper presents an example of the application of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis included in dedicated railway standards, extended to the Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis with additional criticality factors. This extension allows for the assessment of the risk of failures of assemblies, subassemblies, and components of rail vehicles. Compared to the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis method, the Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis method introduces the indicators, such as: failure mode criticality, criticality of component, criticality of subassembly, and the criticality of assembly. It enables the more precise identification of critical components, subassemblies, and assemblies of the rail vehicles. This precision is crucial for planning preventive actions and maintenance strategies. The new method can be used to validate the results of classical Failure Mode and Effects Analysis using the indicator of failure mode criticality, which relies on the actual failure frequency function obtained from the reliability model of individual failure modes. This would increase the accuracy of the analysis and allow for a better representation of the systems actual behavior. The extended Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis method enables a more comprehensive criticality analysis, considering not only the value of criticality indicators but also their quantities in the reliability hierarchical structure of the analyzed wagons.
ELECTROMOBILITY IN SMALL TO MEDIUM-SIZED CITIES AND CROSS-BORDER AREAS
Authors: GIANNOPOULOS Athanasios , MIKIKI Foteini , YANG Meng
Published: December 2024

Small and medium-sized cities around the world aspire to become greener, smarter, more liveable for citizens and appealing to tourists. In Europe, they undertake initiatives such as Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans and Electric Vehicle Charging Plans to make their transport infrastructures more sustainable and friendly to electromobility. In Asia, too, Chinese small cities can profit from several policies and incentives to promote electric mobility and it is of interest to see how these compare to the European cases. A major part of this paper refers to the European experience and more particularly that of Greece drawing largely on the experience from Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans and Electric Vehicles Charging Plans studies performed in Northern Greece and its northern border regions. The experience of China and its promotion of e-mobility in small urban areas is also reviewed and useful conclusions are drawn. The results show that there are several measures and policies specifically suited to small and medium-sized urban areas as well as those that are in the periphery of the country near border crossings to other countries. The final evaluation and selection should be made following the formulation, at an early stage, of a comprehensive and all-inclusive strategic plan for the promotion of emobility in the area. The novelty of the paper consists of a concise and all-inclusive reference to the factors affecting the promotion of electromobility in the special case of small and medium-sized urban areas as well as border areas and the recommendations for measures and policies that are given in Table 2. A novelty is also the SWOT analysis performed as well as the fact of the parallel presentation of European and Chinese policies.
METHODOLOGY FOR CREATING A HIGH WORKLOAD SIMULATION EXERCISE FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS
Authors: HOIKA Tomáš , KORECKI Zbyšek
Published: December 2024

The current article deals with the creation of a simulation exercise intended to train air traffic controllers at an unnamed airport. Simulation exercises enable air traffic controllers to practice possible scenarios that may occur in reality and to practice and improve previously acquired skills. Simulation exercises can be designed based on tasks that the manager has to attempt or complete. Air traffic controller training is usually designed so that their workload is gradually increased up to the highest adjustable threshold. It is important that each controller can handle the set number of aircraft declared by the airport operator and be trained for the possible maximum load that may occur. Air traffic control centers, thus, pay attention to the creation of simulations to induce a high workload for controllers. The goal is to present a methodology for the efficient and quick creation of simulation exercises with the possibility of evaluating their difficulty and creating an exercise that will put the air traffic controller under a high level of stress. Empirical measurements of the composition of aircraft types in the TMA for a specified period and measurements of the duration of individual tasks performed by air traffic controllers to control traffic were taken to indicate the number of possible variants for the creation of exercises. A proposal for exercises for the overload of air traffic controllers was also created.
OPERATION OF A SPIROID GEAR UNDER ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION CONDITIONS
Authors: MAZURKOW Aleksander , HOMIK Wojciech
Published: December 2024

Spiroid gears are used in the drive systems of various types of vehicles and devices. They are characterised by small overall dimensions and significant rotational speed reduction while maintaining the high positioning accuracy of the driven device. Spiroid gears require a lot of lubrication with oils, which separate the mating parts. In the case of spiroid gears, they separate the face wheel teeth and the worm thread. The resulting oil film reduces the coefficient of friction and lowers the temperature of the mating surfaces. The modelling of toothed rim lubrication is a complex problem. To separate the surface of the face wheel mating and the worm, one needs to consider the phenomena of fluid mechanics, heat transfer and tooth deformation. The formation of an elastohydrodynamic oil film of an appropriate height is determined by the type of oil, the mechanical properties of the worm and face wheel materials, relative speed, load and the geometry of the mating surfaces. The issues described in this paper significantly affect the correct operation of gears and have not yet been fully understood for spiroid gears. This paper presents the results of a study on the properties of the elastohydrodynamic oil film and describes its characteristics, with the unknown quantity being the rotational speed of the input shaft that ensures that the oil film separates the mating toothed rims. The calculation results were compared with those of other researchers. The obtained design recommendations can help designers improve the durability and reliability of spiroid gears.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHANGES IN FUEL PRICES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE OPERATIONS OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES IN POLAND AND EUROPE
Authors: MASŁOWSKI Dariusz , SALWIN Mariusz , PAŁĘGA Michał , CHMIELEWSKI Tomasz , RYBCZYŃKI Wojciech
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the development of the transport industry and indicates its leading role in the economic development of the country and the world. The paper analyzes the structure of the transport market in Poland and Europe, indicating its dynamic development despite the existing challenges related to fuel prices. The main objective is to assess fuel price fluctuations in the context of the activities of transport companies, in particular those performing land transport within the European Union. The assessment is conducted from the perspective of the operational activities of transport companies. This research aimed to identify the impact of fuel prices on companies operating costs, analyze the economic factors influencing fuel prices, and assess the general situation in the transport market. In addition, the research also examined the opinions of entrepreneurs on how they cope with the current fuel crisis. Achieving the research goal required the preparation and administration of surveys among representatives of transport companies. The study involved 71 companies registered in Poland. The paper contains selected statistical data along with their interpretation, providing an introduction to further research in the field of identification and assessment of the degree of impact of fuel price fluctuations on the operational activities of transport companies. The research methodology focused on statistical analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA. This paper fills a gap in the literature on the impact of fuel price fluctuations on the activities of sports enterprises. The innovative element of the paper is the inclusion of entrepreneurs opinions on the fuel crisis and their assessment of the degree of impact of changes on the operating costs and strategic management of transport enterprises. Considering these opinions provides the unique value of the conducted scientific considerations.