bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Conditional Cooperation in Prisoner's Dilemma
Authors: Saral Ali Seyhun
Published: August 2020

Conditional cooperation has been a common explanation for the observed cooperation, and its decline in social dilemma experiments. Numerous studies showed that most of the experimental subjects can be categorized into three types: conditional cooperators, self-maximizers and hump-shaped (triangle) cooperators. In this study, I investigate conditional strategy types and their role on the emergence of cooperation and their evolutionary success. For this purpose, I use an extension of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Game. The agents are characterized by their initial move and their conditional responses to each level of cooperation. By using simulations, I estimate the likelihood of cooperation for different probability of continuations.I show that, when the continuation probability is sufficiently large, high levels cooperation is achieved. In this case, the most successful strategies are those who employ an all-or-none type of conditional cooperation, followed by perfect conditional cooperators. In intermediate levels of continuation probabilities, however, hump-shaped contributor types are the ones that are most likely to thrive, followed by imperfect conditional cooperators. Those agents cooperate in a medium level of cooperation within themselves and each other. The results explain the existence of hump-shaped type of cooperators with a purely payoff-based reasoning, as opposed to previous attempts to explain this strategy with psychological mechanisms.
Mapping the discursive dimensions of the reproducibility crisis: A mixed methods analysis
Authors: Nelson Nicole Christine , Ichikawa Kelsey , Chung Julie , Malik Momin
Published: August 2020

Addressing issues with the reproducibility of results is critical for scientific progress, but conflicting ideas about the sources of and solutions to irreproducibility are a barrier to change. Prior work has attempted to address this problem by creating analytical definitions of reproducibility. We take a novel empirical, mixed methods approach to understanding variation in reproducibility conversations, which yields a map of the discursive dimensions of these conversations. This analysis demonstrates that concerns about the incentive structure of science, the transparency of methods and data, and the need to reform academic publishing form the core of reproducibility discussions. We also identify three clusters of discussion that are distinct from the main group: one focused on reagents, another on statistical methods, and a final cluster focused the heterogeneity of the natural world. Although there are discursive differences between scientific and popular articles, there are no strong differences in how scientists and journalists write about the reproducibility crisis. Our findings show that conversations about reproducibility have a clear underlying structure, despite the broad scope and scale of the crisis. Our map demonstrates the value of using qualitative methods to identify the bounds and features of reproducibility discourse, and identifies distinct vocabularies and constituencies that reformers should engage with to promote change.
Cloud Computing Intelligent Management to Improve Stability and Security
Authors: Shaikhly RazukyAL , Haithem Mazin
Published: August 2020

Many changes have been occurrence in informationTechnology in the current century. but the great changes are associated with cloud computing. Cloud computing provides services for many users thus when traffic increases, cloud may be instable and may be unsecure. This paper attempt to find an intelligent system to improve stability and security by using genetic algorithm to calculate trusted and untrusted users from the specific list that register users behavior and service: IAAS , PAAS and SAAS .All information have been sent to intelligent firewall (GA firewall) as a first step to save cloud from attack and then distribute all the requests which depend on its types by using Round Robin scheduler algorithm to process the request. Implantation of system has shom good and encouraging result.
Morpheme position coding in reading development as explored with a letter search task
Authors: Hasenäcker Jana , Ktori Maria , Crepaldi Davide
Published: August 2020

Suffixes have been shown to be recognized as units of processing in visual word recognition and their identification has been argued to be position-specific in skilled adult readers: in lexical decision tasks suffixes are automatically identified at word endings, but not at word beginnings. The present study set out to investigate whether position-specific coding can be detected with a letter search task and whether children already code suffixes as position-specific units. A preregistered experiment was conducted in Italian in which 3rd-graders, 5th-graders, and adults had to detect a target letter that was either contained in the suffix of a pseudoword (e.g., S in flagish vs. flagosh) or in a non-suffix control (e.g., S in flagish vs. flagosh). To investigate sensitivity to position, letters also had to be detected in suffixes and non-suffixes placed in reversed position, that is in the beginning of pseudowords (e.g., S in ishflag vs. oshflag). Results suggested position-specific processing differences between suffixes and non-suffixes that develop throughout reading development. However, some effects were weak and only partially compatible with the hypotheses. Therefore, a second experiment was conducted. The effects of position-specific suffix identification could not be replicated. A combined analysis additionally using a Bayesian approach indicated no processing differences between suffixes and non-suffixes in our task. We discuss potential interpretations and the possibility of letter search being unsuited to investigate small processing differences. We connect our example of failed self-replication to the current discussion about the replication crisis in psychology and the lesson psycholinguistics can learn.
What reduces the need for frequent visits to psychiatric emergency services in a large urban centre? A convergent mixed methods study
Authors: Poremski Daniel , Wang Peizhi , Tham Josephine , Hariram Jayaraman , Koh Doris , Cheng Lee
Published: August 2020

Background: Frequent psychiatric emergency service users eventually cease their frequent use. However, less is known about the events that lead to reduced use. The current project seeks to determine what events happen in the lives of frequent users to reduce their patterns of frequent psychiatric ES use.Methods: This convergent mixed methods study had retrospective and prospective components. It was conducted at Singapore’s only tertiary mental health hospital and its emergency services. It focuses on a group of 327 frequent service users who made 5 or more visits over the index year to the hospital’s emergency service. They made 6,746 individual visits over the 7-year observation period. Administrative data from June 2010 to June 2015 was used to reconstruct historic trends, June 2015 to June 2016 was the index year, and data from June 2016 to June 2017 was used to explore the pattern of use after the index year. Qualitative interviews were done with a subset of 44 frequent service users after the index year. Three interviews were conducted over a year to determine if and why they reduced their frequent use. Results: Over the 12 months following a 12-month period of frequent use, 76% (235/309) of people no longer met the criteria for frequent use. People had positive (recovery, right siting) or negative (disengagement, poor satisfaction) reasons for reducing their use of psychiatric emergency services. Administrative data could not differentiate those who ceased their frequent use for negative reasons from those that ceased their use due to positive reasons. Qualitative differences exist between the narratives of those who ceased their frequent use compared with those who continued their patterns of service use in the subsequent year. Conclusion: The majority of frequent psychiatric emergency service users are frequent users only within the index year. Very few people have sustained frequent use for more than a year. Recovery is not the sole reason service users cease their patterns of frequent use and negative experiences with services lead to disengagement, even if there are very few sources of psychiatric care.
Do melancholic and atypical specifiers reduce heterogeneity in major depressive disorder?: A secondary analysis of the STAR*D trial
Authors: Lorenzo-Luaces Lorenzo , Buss John , Fried Eiko I
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Specifiers for the diagnosis of a major depressive disorder (MDD), like melancholic and atypical features, are supposed to reduce heterogeneity in symptom presentation. However, Fried et al. (2020) recently quantified how, at least the melancholic specifier, could increase heterogeneity in presenting symptoms. Methods: We analyzed baseline data from the Inventory of Depression Symptoms in the Sequenced Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial. IDS data were available for 3, 724 patients, of which 2,498 reported five symptoms of depression on the IDS (“IDS-MDE”). For patients with IDS-MDE, we differentiated between those with melancholic, non-melancholic, atypical, and non-atypical depression as per the IDS. For each of these groups, we calculated the number of unique combinations of the symptom that allowed a patient to meet criteria for their given diagnostic group, as well as the number of unique combinations of depressive symptoms (i.e., ignoring the melancholic and atypical symptoms). Results: There was more heterogeneity within the specifiers than in the full sample. When considering only the symptoms of depression, there was somewhat less heterogeneity in the melancholic than non-melancholic groups. However, most symptom profiles, even in the specifier subgroups,had five or fewer individuals, suggesting the presence of significant heterogeneity. Conclusion: The DSM specifiers largely appear to reduce heterogeneity by creating smaller subgroups of patients with infrequent symptoms but there is a large degree of heterogeneity present even among those who meet the specifier criteria. Moreover, the specifier criteria themselves may add heterogeneity.
Theoretically Informed Generative Models Can Advance the Psychological and Brain Sciences: Lessons from the Reliability Paradox
Authors: Haines Nathaniel , Kvam Peter D. , Irving Louis H. , Smith Colin , Beauchaine Theodore P. , Pitt Mark A. , Ahn Woo-Young , Turner Brandon
Published: August 2020

Theories of individual differences are foundational to psychological and brain sciences, yet they are traditionally developed and tested using superficial summaries of data (e.g., mean response times) that are both (1) disconnected from our otherwise rich conceptual theories of behavior, and (2) contaminated with measurement error. Traditional approaches therefore lack the flexibility required to test increasingly complex theories of behavior. To resolve this theory- description gap, we present the generative modeling approach, which involves formally specifying how behavior is generated within people and how generative processes vary across people. Generative modeling shifts our focus away from estimating descriptive statistical “effects” toward estimating psychologically interpretable parameters, while simultaneously enhancing the reliability and validity of our measures. We demonstrate the utility of generative models in the context of the “reliability paradox”, a phenomenon wherein highly replicable group effects (e.g., Stroop effect) fail to capture individual differences (e.g., low test-retest reliability). Simulations and empirical data from the Implicit Association Test, and Stroop, Flanker, Posner, and Delay Discounting tasks show that generative models yield (1) more theoretically informative parameters, and (2) higher test-retest reliability estimates relative to traditional approaches, illustrating their potential for enhancing theory development.
Retrodicting the Rise, Spread, and Fall of Large-scale States in the Old World
Authors: Bennett James S
Published: August 2020

Understanding the rise, spread, and fall of large-scale states in the ancient world has occupied thinkers for millennia. However, no comprehensive mechanistic model based on their insights has emerged, leaving it difficult to evaluate empirically or quantitatively the different explanations offered. Here I present a spatially- and temporally-resolved agent-based model of large-scale (>200 thousand km2) agrarian states and steppe nomadic confederations in Afro-Eurasia between the middle Bronze and the end of the Medieval era (1500 BCE - 1500 CE). The model tracks the spread of agrarian states as they expand, conquer the territory of other states or are themselves conquered, depending on their relative modeled population size and military efficiency. To accurately retrodict the historical record, several key regional technological advances in state military and agricultural efficiencies are identified. Modifying the location, scale, and timing of these innovations allows quantitative investigation of historically-plausible alternative trajectories of state growth, spread, and fragmentation, while demonstrating the operation and limits of the model. In particular, under nominal assumptions, the historically rapid increase of agrarian state sizes, first in southwest Asia after 600 CE and then in east Asia after 200 BCE, is accounted for by modeling increasing military efficiency improvements in response to intense extortion pressure from nomadic tribes and subsequent ‘mirror’ confederations following the invention and slow diffusion of horse cavalry tactics across the steppe after 1000 BCE. However, in spite of various technological advances, throughout the period the modeled creation and spread of new agrarian states is a fundamental consequence of state collapse and internal civil wars triggered by rising 'demographic-structural' pressures that occur when territorial growth is checked yet (elite) population growth continues. Together the model's underlying mechanisms substantially account for the number of states, their duration, location, spread rate, overall occupied area, and population size for three millennia.
Study on Association of Serum Ferritin With Thyroid Profile And Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Thalassemia Major Children
Authors: Khan Kalimuddin , Saha Sudip , Pal Partha Pratim , Bera Aparajita , Birua Shyama
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The free iron and haemosiderosis-induced damage of the endocrine glands cause endocrinopathies such as abnormal glucose tolerance and hypothyroidism in transfusion - dependent beta-thalassemia major patients. Our objective was to study the association of serum ferritin level with thyroid dysfunctions; abnormal blood glucose tolerance and to see if they appear in the earlier period of life.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among thalassemia major children of two to 12 years in a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata, India. A pre-designed proforma was filled. Serum ferritin, fT4, TSH level, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured at presentation and noted in proforma.

Results: A total of 80 thalassemic children were studied. Fiftieth percentile cut off value (1414 ng/ml) of serum ferritin was found to be significant with associated variables like normal fT4, TSH, and OGTT. Out of all study subjects, 39 (51.3%) of normal fT4, 39 (54.9%) of normal TSH and 39 (52.0%) of normal OGTT had ferritin < 50th percentile (P < 0.05). Nine (11.3%) children had abnormal thyroid profiles and five (6.3%) children had abnormal OGTT having ferritin > 2000 ng/ml. At a cut off value of ferritin level > 1414 ng/ml, fT4, TSH and OGTT showed significant abnormality (p < 0.05 with df 1).

Conclusions: Ferritin is a good indirect marker to assess the risk of endocrine abnormality in thalassemic children. Frequent monitoring should be done once ferritin level crosses 1000 ng/ml. This will help in early detection and timely management of thalassemia related endocrinopathies.
Seizure as a Presentation of Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus due to Mutation in KCNJ11 Gene: A Case Report
Authors: Patnaik Sibabratta , Sahoo Bandya , Jain Mukesh Kumar , Mishra Reshmi , Behera Jyotiranjan
Published: August 2020

Diabetes Mellitus in first six months of life is usually monogenic and is referred to as neonatal diabetes mellitus. The incidence of neonatal diabetes is extremely rare and varies from 1:89000 to 1:400000 live births. We report a two months old baby presenting with repeated seizures; on evaluation found to have diabetic ketoacidosis and initially managed with IV insulin infusion. Genetic study revealed heterozygous mutation, p. Valin 252 Leu in KCNJ 11 gene. This mutation suggests responsiveness to oral glibenclamide. The baby has responded to therapy. Seizure as a presenting feature for hyperglycemia is a rare entity
Effectiveness of Glycerin Magnesium Sulphate Versus Heparin Benzyl Nicotinate Application Among Children with Phlebitis
Authors: Dahal Akriti Shree , Tuitui Roshani , Shrestha Purna Devi , Sharma Bharati , Acharya Sharada , Dahal Priyanka
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Phlebitis is the most common complication of intravenous infusion therapy. Incidence of phlebitis in children receiving intravenous therapy has been reported to be as high as 71.25%. The study was done to find out the effectiveness of glycerin magnesium sulphate versus heparin benzyl nicotinate application in children with phlebitis.

Methods: A pre-post control group design was used. A total of 43 subjects were randomly assigned into two groups [22 in experimental (glycerin magnesium sulphate application) and 21 in control (heparin benzyl nicotinate application) group] by lottery method. Data was collected using Modified Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP) Score.

Results: The comparison between VIP score was based on observations made before the interventions and at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the intervention. Independent t tests showed significant difference in reduction of VIP score in experimental and control group after 12 hours and 24 hours of intervention. The study demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference in reduction of VIP score among the subjects in experimental and control group at 12 hours (p = 0.219), 24 hours (p = 0.349), 36 hours (p = 0.695) and 48 hours (p = 0.424) after the intervention.

Conclusion: The study concludes that both glycerin magnesium sulphate and heparin benzyl nicotinate can be used effectively among children with phlebitis. However, after 24 hours of phlebitis, an alternative intervention needs to be used.
Community-Acquired Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Wrist Joint Arthritis in a Child - A Case Report
Authors: Jangid Manoj Kumar , Selim Mohamad Ahmed
Published: August 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rare cause of bone and joint infection in an immunocompetent child. Rapid diagnosis and prompt therapy are required to prevent serious joint damage. We hereby present our experience with a case of septic arthritis involving distal radioulnar joint with associated distal radius osteomyelitis in a previously healthy six years old girl who presented with fever, swelling and pain of the right lower forearm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from both joint fluid and blood. The child was successfully treated with a combination of surgical debridement and two weeks of intravenous and four weeks of oral antibiotic therapy.
Pseudomonas aeruginosainfection in intensive care: Epidemiology, outcomes, and antimicrobial susceptibilities
Authors: Kula Brittany E , Hudson Darren , Sligl Wendy I
Published: August 2020

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) contributes to substantial mortality. In this study, we describe the epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and outcomes of ICU patients with pseudomonal infection. Methods: ICU patients with PA were identified and classified as colonized or infected. Infected patients were reviewed for source, patient characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibilities, appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial therapy, and 30-day mortality. Independent predictors of mortality were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results: One hundred forty (71%) patients with PA were infected. Mean patient age was 55 (SD 18) years; 62% were male. Admission categories included medical (71%), surgical (20%), and trauma or neurological (9%). Mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 19 (SD 10). One hundred twenty-six (90%) patients were mechanically ventilated, 102 (73%) required vasopressors, and 27 (19%) received renal replacement; 32 (23%) died within 30 days. Infection was nosocomial in 101 (72%) cases. Sources were respiratory (66%), skin–soft tissue (11%), urinary (10%), blood (5%), surgical (5%), gastrointestinal (2%), or unknown (1%). Twenty (14%) isolates were multi-drug resistant; 6 (4%) were extensively drug resistant. Empiric antimicrobial therapy was effective in 97 (69%) cases. Liver disease (adjusted OR [aOR] 6.2, 95% CI 1.5 to 25.7; p = 0.01), malignancy (aOR 5.0, 95% CI 1.5 to 17.3; p = 0.01), and higher APACHE II score (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.1; p = 0.02) were independently associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusions: PA infection in ICU is most commonly respiratory and associated with substantial mortality. Existing malignancy, liver disease, and higher APACHE II score were independently associated with mortality.
Study on photocatalytic activity based on different pH values of AgBr/Ag2CO3 heterojunction
Authors: Li Fengfeng , Zhang Mingxi , Wang Jin , Cai Yongfeng , Zhao Dushao , Guo Mingyue , Wang Luyi , Shen Yi
Published: August 2020

In this work, we fabricate a highly efficient photocatalytic AgBr/Ag2CO3 heterojunction through the co-precipitation method. The obtained samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of obtained samples can be assessed by visible light (λ ≥ 400 nm) degradation of rhodamine B solution. X-ray diffraction revealed that the crystallinity of the AgBr/Ag2CO3heterojunction was significantly higher than pure AgBr and Ag2CO3. Moreover, the AgBr/ Ag2CO3 heterojunction prepared at pH = 6 has the best photocatalytic performance, it can raise the degradation degree of rhodamine B over 95% at 20 min. Finally, a possible photocatalytic mechanism is discussed.
Desterritorialização Produtiva e Mudanças no Marajó: Arrecadação, Desemprego e Violência na Cidade de Breves (Pará-Brasil)
Authors: Alves Odair José Argão , Da Silva Christian Nunes , Reis João Francisco Garcia , Da Silva Caetano Vivianne Nunes
Published: August 2020

Após o fechamento das grandes madeireiras no Município de Breves, houve a mudança em grande proporção da população do meio rural para a cidade o que ocasionou um número significativo de famílias desempregadas e o aumento na distinção entre campo e cidade. Os problemas econômicos e sociais influenciaram grandemente o desenvolvimento da região de Breves/Marajó/Pará. Este texto traz a caracterização de Breves apresentando uma visão geral do município, seus aspectos econômicos e sociais. Este trabalho busca analisar as modificações socioterritoriais que ocorreram no município de Breves (Marajó-Pará-Brasil) nos últimos anos. Para que o debate aqui proposto fosse realizado foi necessária uma pesquisa bibliográfica e visitas a campo, além de pesquisas em órgãos públicos que disponibilizam dados de população e criminalidade desse município. Breves vem passando por modificações significativas nos últimos anos, principalmente devido ao declínio da atividade madeireira e o surgimento de “novos objetos” (inúmeros estabelecimentos comerciais e de serviços, penitenciária, etc.) que vem alterando a dinâmica urbana e refletindo diretamente no modo de vida da população.
Mulheres negras na sociedade de consumo: reflexões sobre processos de enegrecimento
Authors: Lima Gioconda Sousa Silva , Arrazola Laura Susana Duque
Published: August 2020

O presente estudo buscou entender as relações entre a identidade negra, embranquecimento e cultura de consumo para as mulheres negras. Para tanto, considerou-se a bibliografia existente e o procedimento metodológico privilegiado foi a realização de entrevistas semi-orientadas com uma amostra não-probabilística. A análise e a discussão foram inspiradas na teoria das práticas discursivas e produção de sentidos e apontam para uma tomada de consciência que modifica percepções de situações vivenciadas; há acompreensão da importância de movimentos de fortalecimento e do enegrecimento como forma de resistência. A pesquisa propõe ser instrumento de promoção de autoafirmação para a luta antirracista, com vistas à contribuição para um novo processo de educação e socialização.
Investigating the Role of Open Lung Biopsy in Diagnosing the Type of Chronic Lung Disease in Children
Authors: Bahar Ashjaei , Bahar Ashjaei , Mohammadreza Modaresi , Shakiba Amiri , Fatemeh Najdi , Jadid Merisa Movahedi , Mojtaba Aghabarari , Adel Maryam Ghavami
Published: August 2020

Objective: This study was conducted for the practical use of biopsy in the diagnosis of chronic lung disease
and the guidance of risks and benefits.
Design of Study: We studied 64 children with chronic lung disease who underwent open lung biopsy in 5
years at the Children's Medical Center .
Results: Biopsy results were diagnostic in 57 cases (89.1%) and non-diagnostic in 7 cases (10.9%). The
biopsy determined the type of mass in all cases where a possible diagnosis of lung mass or thoracic wall
was made. In 37 cases (57.8%) the diagnosis was changed and the exact diagnosis was determined. The
main side effects (including pneumothorax, hemothorax, pyothorax, and pleural effusion) were 50% (32
cases), the most common of which were pneumothorax and pleural effusion, with a total of more than 87%
of these major complications. 22 patients (34.4%) required intubation. 24 patients (37.5%) were admitted
to the ICU after surgery. The death occurred in only one case, who was a 3-month-old boy with a disorder
of INR and suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome. There was no mortality that could be directly
related to surgery.
Conclusion: Open lung biopsy is a gold standard for the histological diagnosis of chronic pulmonary disease
in children and plays an important role in the treatment of children with chronic pulmonary diseases.
However, serious and common side effects of this method should be considered
The Outcome of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration in Patients with Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms: A Systematic Review
Authors: YKS Viswanath , Mehanna Ahmed , YKS Viswanath , Gill Talvinder , Reddy Anil , Gilliam Andrew , Shanmugam Venkatesh , Shenoy Sachin , Virupaksha Suvi , Bhandari Mayank , Bussa Gopinath
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is the sixth most common cause of death from cancer in the UK. Cystic
pancreatic neoplasms are being recognized more with the increase in the use of the CT scan. EUS has been
increasingly used to asses and identify lesions in the pancreas, however, it can’t differentiate between benign
and malignant tumors alone. The role of EUS guided FNA cytology (EUS FNAC) is still controversial in
the management of pancreatic cysts where neoplastic process is questioned.
Aim: This systematic review is aiming to explore the currently available evidence assessing the role of EUS
guided FNA cytology (EUS FNAC) in the management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms.
Methods: A total of five studies with 597 patient EUS FNAC episodes were included in this systematic
review.
Results: The sensitivity of the EUS FNAC in the papers was variable between 46.7% to 91.7% while the
sensitivity of the test was 100% for all the papers except for 1 paper which was 82.1%. CEA level was
assessed in 3 papers, however, the cut off level was different.
Conclusion: The high specificity of EUS FNAC qualify it as a useful adjunct to ascertain or exclude
malignancy in the pancreatic cystic lesions. EUS FNAC cannot be used alone as a method of screening,
given low sensitivity. Measuring CEA in the cyst fluid can be a good aide to increase the sensitivity and an
identifiable cut off level should be proposed. Well-conducted and powered studies are needed to further
explore the role of EUS FNAC in patients with pancreatic cystic neoplastic lesions.
“They Find Ways to Make the Vegetables Taste Nicer” – Increased Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with the Garden to Table Programme in Four New Zealand Schools
Authors: Strong Amber Parry , Strong Amber Parry , Ross Cecilia , Clarke Tessa , Weatherall Mark , Krebs Jeremy
Published: August 2020

Aim: This project aims to evaluate the Garden to Table programme in low decile Wellington schools.
Methods: In a non-randomized evaluation over three years, schools that enrolled in Garden to Table in
Wellington, New Zealand, were invited to participate. Eligible students attended two measurement days per
year, for anthropometric measurements and a focus group. Dietary questionnaires were completed by a
guardian.
Results: Four schools and 124 children participated in the evaluation. Fruit and vegetable consumption
significantly increased with exposure to the program. After at least one year children were able to name
more vegetables and had tried more vegetables than at baseline. Children were more willing to try new
foods, but this did not reach significance. BMI was not affected.
Conclusion: The Garden to Table programme is well received by children and schools. The programme
increased children’s knowledge about and exposure to different vegetables and increased fruit and vegetable
consumption.
ApoL6: A Novel Biomarker of Apoptotic Activity in Evolving ST-segment Myocardial Infarction in Man
Authors: Andy Hu Chien-An , Andy Hu Chien-An , Zhaorigetu Siqin , Davidson W Sean , Laskey Warren
Published: August 2020

We have previously demonstrated that apolipoprotein L6 (ApoL6) is a pro-death, phospholipid-binding,
BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family. Ectopic expression of ApoL6 induces dichotomous cell death
phenotype involving both apoptosis and necroptosis in various cell types. In addition, ApoL6 initiates
inflammatory response that upregulates proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. In this study, we show
elevated levels of ApoL6 in the sera of the majority of ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients
prior to reperfusion which is highly suggestive of the activation of apoptotic and/or necroptotic pathways in
ruptured plaque. Thus, ApoL6 could serve as a biomarker specific for inflammatory apoptotic and/or
necroptotic activity in STEMI, as well as other diseases.
Attention Deficit Disorder in the Neuropediatric Outpatient Clinic. Our Current Experience with Children Over Seven and a Half Years Old
Authors: Pisón Javier López , Pisón Javier López , Serrano-Viñuales Itziar , de Garayalde Leyre Troyas-Fernández , Cuadrado-Piqueras Laura , Jiménez-Olmos Ainhoa , Sánchez-Marco Silvia
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Attention deficit disorder, with or without hyperactivity (ADD/ADHD) can appear either
alone or associated with diverse cerebral conditions, which may be hereditary or acquired. We review our
experience of ADD/ADHD in children over seven and a half years old.
Methods: ADD/ADHD in children born before 1-1-2010, seen at the neuropediatric clinic between 31-12-
15 and 19-6-17, is examined globally, by reasons for consultation and by diagnosis.
Results: 41% of the 2,541 children over 7½ years seen at the clinic had ADD/ADHD: 530 cases of
ADD/ADHD alone and 513 associated with other conditions. In 15.6% of the cases of ADD/ADHD the
reason for consultation was headaches and in 43%, psychomotor delay. ADD/ADHD accompanied 65% of
the cases of Asperger’s syndrome, 40% of intellectual disability and 23% of the cases of autistic spectrum
disorder, 87.5 % of the cases of fragile X syndrome, 48.4% of chromosomopathies, 22% of genopathies,
19% of the cases of cerebral palsy, 50% of Duchenne, 53% of epilepsies, 67% of tics/Tourette, 51% of
neurofibromatosis 1, 29 % of tuberous sclerosis and 74% of eastern European adopted children have
ADD/ADHD.
Discussion: The importance of neurodevelopmental disorders and ADD/ADHD in neuropediatric practice
is revealed.
Lipomodelling of the Breast Following Excision of a Giant Juvenile Fibroadenoma
Authors: Al-Ishaq Zaid , Al-Ishaq Zaid , Sikdar Oishi , Roy Meghna , Bhatnagar A , Sircar T
Published: August 2020

Giant juvenile fibroadenomas form 1-8% of breast lesions in the adolescent population. We report a case of
giant fibroadenoma in a 17-year-old girl who underwent simple lump excision through a lateral breast fold
incision followed by lipomodelling to correct the dimpling of the breast. With this dual approach, excellent
cosmetic outcome can be achieved for average-sized giant fibroadenoma without the need for more complex
technique.
Estruturas de posse inalienável adjetivada: apontamentos iniciais sobre a sua aquisição em português brasileiro
Authors: Mendes Fernanda
Published: August 2020

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo aprofundar a análise sintático-semântica de estruturas possessivas inalienáveis apresentada em Mendes (2017, 2015), observando dados de aquisição do português brasileiro comparados a dados da gramática-alvo. Para tanto, examina-se o seu comportamento quando ocorrem em construções predicativas e atributivas (BARON; HERSLUND, 2001) modificadas por um adjetivo, já que parece haver, conforme aponta o trabalho de Kayne (1975) para o francês, restrições para a veiculação da leitura inalienável de acordo com a presença e/ou tipo de adjetivo que modifica o nome possuído nessas construções com possuidor externo. Assume-se nesta pesquisa, estendendo o que Guéron (1985) e Vergnaud e Zubizarreta (1992) afirmam também para o francês, que as restrições propostas por Kayne (1975) para essas construções relacionam-se com a estrutura temática em português brasileiro. No que concerne ao processo de aquisição da linguagem, enquanto as restrições não são adquiridas, hipotetiza-se que a interpretação inalienável seja superestendida, tornando-se restrita às condições licenciadas pela gramática adulta à medida em que a criança avança em idade. Para verificar as hipóteses adotadas nesta pesquisa, foi desenvolvido, portanto, um estudo de caráter experimental com três grupos, sendo dois de informantes infantis (crianças mais jovens e mais velhas) e um de informantes adultos (controle). Os resultados, que, por um lado, confirmam a hipótese aventada para o percurso da aquisição dessas estruturas, e, por outro, não se apresentam como conclusivos em relação à gramática adulta do português brasileiro, indicam que, embora não categórico, o presente estudo traz importantes apontamentos acerca da questão.
Estudo sociofonético do português falado na Amazônia: uma comparação interdialetal entre Belém e Macapá
Authors: Lemos Rosinele Lemos e , Brito Camila Roberta dos Santos
Published: August 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma comparação interdialetal entre as variedades de Belém (PA) (BRITO, 2014) e Macapá (AP) Lemos (em andamento), com o objetivo de investigar a variação geoprosódica do português falado na Amazônia Oriental. Foram analisados vocábulos oxítonos presentes em sentenças declarativas neutras e interrogativas totais, com o intuito de observar a variação entoacional da frequência fundamental (F0) em posição nuclear dos enunciados. A análise tem como base a Sociofonética (THOMAS, 2011), uma vez que compreende uma análise acústica da fala dentro do contexto social dos informantes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do projeto AMPER-Amazônia, vinculada ao AMPER-POR. O corpus analisado totalizou 432 dados (3 sentenças x 2 modalidades x 2 variedades x 3 repetições x 12 informantes). O tratamento dos dados abarcou seis etapas: codificação das repetições; isolamento, segmentação automática no PRAAT; aplicação do script no PRAAT; seleção das três melhores repetições e aplicação da interface MatLab. Os resultados deste inédito e relevante estudo revelaram características prosódicas nos falares de belenenses e macapaenses ao apontarem contornos prosódicos similares da F0, na sílaba tônica final nas duas modalidades analisadas, porém evidenciaram-se traços prosódicos mais regulares nas interrogativas totais.
Estereótipos na concordância de gênero em profissões: efeitos de frequência e saliência
Authors: Pinheiro Bruno Felipe Marques , Freitag Raquel Meister Ko.
Published: August 2020

A marcação de gênero no português pode ser binária (“o aluno”/“a aluna” – “o estudante”/“a estudante”) ou por processo de concordância, como em profissões de nome comum de dois gêneros (“o falante”/“a falante”). A distinção da marcação de gênero nestes nomes é resultado das experiências dos falantes com estereótipos compartilhados: na falta de informação gramatical de gênero nos nomes, os falantes constroem representações mentais a partir dos estereótipos de gênero, que sofrem efeitos da frequência e da saliência, parâmetros que também afetam a gramática. A fim de identificar a relação entre os estereótipos e a marcação de gênero, um estudo experimental de julgamento foi desenvolvido considerando o efeito da masculinidade e da feminilidade de nomes comuns de dois gêneros de profissões no português brasileiro. Os resultados apontam que, embora sejam nomes comuns de dois gêneros, o modo como uma profissão foi apresentada ao participante interferiu no resultado de julgamento, denotando efeito de saliência. A frequência prototípica da profissão interferiu positivamente no julgamento. Concluímos que os parâmetros da estereotipia de gênero, medidos pela saliência e frequência, interferem no julgamento das profissões quanto ao gênero nos nomes comuns de dois gêneros.
O laboratório na escola e o desenvolvimento da metacognição linguística: uma experiência translacional com leitura
Authors: Rodrigues Erica Dos Santos
Published: August 2020

Resenha de:MAIA, Marcus (Org.). Psicolinguística e Metacognição na Escola. Campinas, SP: Mercado das Letras, 2019. ISBN 978-85-7591-589-9
Self-Efficacy, Need for Achievement and Machiavellianism in Public Sector Employees
Authors: Maria Zaman  , Shazia Qayyum
Published: August 2020

The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, need for achievement and Machiavellianism in public sector employees. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be a relationships in self-efficacy, need for achievement and Machiavellianism in public sector employees. It was hypothesized that self-efficacy and need for achievement likely to predict the Machiavellianism. The sample size of was (N=200) males selected from different public sector department of Lahore using the purposive sampling. The data was collected using New Generalized Self-efficacy Scale (Gully & Chen, 2001), Need for Achievement Scale (Jackson, 1974) and Mach IV scale (1970). Results revealed that the significant positive relationship between self efficacy, need for achievement and Machiavellianism. And self efficacy was the positive significant predictor of the Machiavellianism and need for achievement was the negative predictor of Machiavellianism. The present study helps to understand the predictors of Machiavellianism and that could help to eradicate this manipulation and deceptive behavior and could be used for improve interventions.
The Impact of Organizational Capabilities on SMEs Export Performance: Application of the Resource Based View Theory
Authors: Godwell Karedza  , Krishna K. Govender
Published: August 2020

The research aimed at identifying the organizational capabilities that influence the export performance of SMEs in Zimbabwe, as well as the strategies that can be adopted by SMEs to enhance their export performance. A mixed-methods study was carried out with a sample size of 345 SMEs in Harare, comprising food processing, leather products, and textiles and four (4) policy advocates and four (4) export business analysts. Questionnaires were directed at the SME owner-managers and an interview guide was used to collect qualitative data. The results reveal that, although distinctive capabilities play a pivotal role in enhancing the export performance of SMEs; its impact on Zimbabwean manufacturing SMEs is not significant. The findings are envisaged to provide insights on how SMEs in Zimbabwe can embrace organisational capabilities to enhance export performance.
تطوير وسيلة تعليم المفردات ببرنامج فيفا فيديو لدى الطلبة في المدرسة الثانوية الاسلامية الأهلية رمباتن
Authors: Al Husna Lathifah , Suharmon Suharmon , Amrina Amrina
Published: August 2020

This research aimed to develop arabic vocabulary learning media by using Viva Video Programme for the students of MTs Rambatan. The research used R & D method. While, development model used 4-D model: Define, Design, Develop without Disseminate. The result showed that the media of arabic vocabulary learning which is developed by using Viva Video can be used properly for the students of MTs Rambatan. According to the expert judgement, the developed media is valid, while the average score is 3.23.
PENGEMBANGAN MATERI AJAR BAHASA ARAB TERPADU BERBASIS TEMA DI MTs THAWALIB PADANG PANJANG
Authors: Salam M. Yusuf
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan (1) desain bahan ajar bahasa Arab Terpadu berbasis tema di kelas VII MTs Thawalib Padang Panjang, (2) kelayakan bahan ajar bahasa Arab terpadu berbasis tema, dan (3) efektifitas penggunaan bahan ajar bahasa Arab terpadu berbasis tema dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian pengembangan. Model pengembangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mengacu pada model pengembangan Research and Development (R&D) Borg and Gall yang disederhanakan menjadi beberapa langkah, yaitu (1) analisis potensi dan masalah, (2) mendesain produk, (3) mengumpulkan materi, (4) membuat produk awal, (5) melakukan uji ahli, (6) merevisi produk, dan (7) melakukan uji lapangan. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa data kuantitatif  dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari hasil angket untuk ahli media, ahli materi, dan subjek penelitian. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data pengembangan bahan ajar pembelajaran ini adalah instrumen berbentuk angket terstruktur dan penilaiannya menggunakan skala bertingkat. Sedangkan untuk mendapatkan data kualitatif pada tahap uji lapangan peneliti menggunakan metode observasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah produk materi ajar bahasa Arab terpadu berbasis tema yang dikategorikan layak berdasarkan uji lapangan.
أشكال الاتجاهات في تعليم اللغة العربية لدى قسم تعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة باتوسنكر الإسلامية الحكومية
Authors: Shidqi Muhammad Husni
Published: August 2020

This research is based on trends of orientation in Arabic language learning in the Department of Arabic Language Education of IAIN Batusangkar. The researcher wanted to describe these problems and did integrated analysis to complete the teaching of Arabic language at university level in the Department of Arabic Language Education in this college The researcher implemented descriptive qualitative design, the cases (multi-sites) of which were studied through observation, interview, and related documents to obtain the data.This research found that the learning system of Arabic language at IAIN Batusangkar was oriented not only to integrative orientation as based learning, but also to integrative orientation but focus on learning grammar translation method.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN MAHARAH AL-KALAM SISWA DALAM MATA PELAJARAN MUHADATSAH DI MADRASAH ALIYAH ALKHAIRAAT KOTA GORONTALO
Authors: Paputungan Moh. Zulkifli
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to describe (1) the development strategies of maharah al-kalam (students’ speaking skill) in Muhadatsah course at Madrasah Aliyah Alkhairaat Kota Gorontalo, (2) problems in the development strategy of maharah al-kalam (students’speaking skill) in Muhadatsah course, (3) the solutions to overcome problems in the strategy of developing maharah al-kalam (students’speaking skill) in Muhadatsah. This is a descriptive qualitative research using an educative approach. The data collection method were observation and interview. Strategy in developing maharah al-kalam (students’ speaking skill) in Madrasah Aliyah Alkhairaat, Gorontalo included eight strategies and exercises. The data sources were from the teacher, students, the principal and the leader of Islamic Boarding School. But, just a few students are able to speak arabic language and mastering مهارةالكلام (speaking skill) after they have class of المحادثة (conversation). Some problems are found variously, such as: (1) less of teacher of المحادثة (conversation) and it can be solved by adding some more professional teachers. (2) less of using arabic language in the teachers’ daily life that can be solved by making some written rules and instruction for all of the teachers and staff to speak arabic language in the school. (3) Obligating the students to speak arabic language wherever they are and give punishment to whom did not do it. (4) Realizing the program “Pemberantasan Buta Bahasa Arab” and provide dormitory for the students who live outside the school. And (5) making an innovative way about language development program by involving the students’ parents.
Decisão jurídica e inteligência artificial: um retorno ao positivismo
Authors: Araújo Érik da Silva e , Simioni Rafael Larazzotto
Published: August 2020

A pesquisa procura debater a transferência do processo de decisão jurídica para uma máquina constituída por inteligência artificial. A priori, o objetivo é apresentar as bases teóricas do positivismo jurídico e os problemas enfrentados pelo raciocínio mecanicista implantado ao processo jurisdicional pela Escola da Exegese. A partir daí, será demonstrado como a inteligência artificial possui, em sua essência, uma inteligência lógico-matemática. O terceiro objetivo é fazer uma relação entre a inteligência artificial e o positivismo jurídico do Século XIX. Para o estudo, adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, através de uma metodologia analítica, com caráter qualitativo e método dedutivo. Ao final, conclui-se que transferir o processo decisório para os softwares inteligentes poderá causar um retrocesso ao direito, pois existe a possibilidade do retorno a um positivismo jurídico com a roupagem da atualidade e a reimplantação de um sistema mecanicista para o direito.
La Reforma de la Justicia en España y su Ley Orgánica
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: August 2020

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Sesión de estudio sobre "Criterios para una reforma de la Justicia en España"
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: August 2020

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Criterios para una reforma de la Justicia en España
Authors: Barrenechea Juan José
Published: August 2020

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Los Derechos Humanos, base de la Justicia Social
Authors: Belda Francisco , Gorosquieta Francisco Javier , Ortega Victorino
Published: August 2020

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La Unesco y las Ciencias Sociales
Authors: B. M.
Published: August 2020

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El proyecto sindical no es viable
Authors: Guillamón V. A.
Published: August 2020

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Problemática laboral y sindical 1969-1970
Authors: Ortega Victorino
Published: August 2020

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Evolución política de España en 1969
Authors: Prieto Fernando
Published: August 2020

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Evolución sociorreligiosa, España 1969-1970
Authors: Valle Florentino del
Published: August 2020

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