bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tribological Investigation of Self-Lubricated Al-SiC-Kaoline Hybrid Composite Under Dry, Oil and Nanofluids Lubricating Conditions Fabricated Through Spark Plasma Sintering Technique.
Authors: Vavilada Venkatesh , Deoghare Ashish B
Published: August 2021

In this present study Al-10% SiC- X % Kaoline (X= 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) HMMC synthesized by spark plasma sintering technique. The fabricated HMMC samples corresponding to maximum compression strength was subjected to tribological investigation under dry, oil and nanofluids lubricating conditions. Nanofluid lubricants were developed by incorporating SiC nanoparticles with weight percentages of 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2 wt% into the soluble oil. The thermal conductivity was found to be increased with increasing the wt % of SiC nanoparticles and the maximum thermal conductivity of 0.771 W/m.K was obtained for the nanofluids with 2 wt% SiC nanofluids. Sliding wear test was conducted on the pin-on-disc tribometer at 40 N load and sliding speed of 1500 r.p.m for a sliding of 180 s. Results reveal that there was a significant effect of the lubricating conditions (dry, oil and nanofluids) on the wear and C.O.F of the HMMC pin surface. The minimum wear of 119 microns and minimum C.O.F of 0.11 was obtained for nanofluid with 2 wt% SiC nanofluid lubricating conditions. SEM analysis of worn surface under dry and soluble oil lubricating conditions reveal the presence of microcracks and delaminations wear. However, worn surface with smooth grooves and absence of microcracks was identified under nanofluid lubricating conditions.
AMIGO2 Contained in Cancer Cell-derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Enhances the Adhesion of Liver Endothelial Cells to Cancer Cells
Authors: Izutsu Runa , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Nemoto Hideyuki , Jingu Maho , Sasaki Ryo , Yoshioka Yusuke , Ochiya Takahiro , Okada Futoshi
Published: August 2021

Adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells in target organs is an initial step in cancer metastasis. Our previous studies revealed that amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame 2 (AMIGO2) promotes the adhesion of tumor cells to liver endothelial cells, followed by the formation of liver metastasis in a mouse model. However, the precise mechanism underlying AMIGO2-promoted the adhesion of tumor cells and liver endothelial cells remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore the role of cancer cell-derived AMIGO2-containing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in the adhesion of cancer cells to human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs). Western blotting indicated that AMIGO2 was present in sEVs from AMIGO2-overexpressing MKN-28 gastric cancer cells. The efficiency of sEV incorporation into HHSECs was independent of the AMIGO2 content in sEVs. When sEV-derived AMIGO2 was internalized in HHSECs, it significantly enhanced the adhesion of HHSECs to gastric (MKN-28 and MKN-74) and colorectal cancer cells (SW480), all of which lacked AMIGO2 expression. Thus, we identified a novel mechanism by which sEV-derived AMIGO2 released from AMIGO2-expressing cancer cells stimulates endothelial cell adhesion to different cancer cells for the initiate step of liver metastasis.
Environmental Application of Acid Activated Kaolinite-Glauconite Clay Assisted By Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Turki Thouraya , Frini-Sra Najoua , Sra Ezzeddine
Published: August 2021

Crude kaolinite-glauconite clay was active with hydrochloric acid for various times under variable microwave irradiation power. The influence of activation parameters (power and/or time) on the structural and textural properties of the treated samples has been studied. The modifications were evaluated by XRD, FTIR, XRF, SEM, BET, grain size and zettametry. The XRD and IR results show that acid activation reveals only weak changes on crystallinity of samples. However, HCl activation of clay assisted by microwave modifies morphology and size of grains with a little variation of the specific surface area values. The adsorbing power of the raw and activated clay was tested with methyl orange dye and the adsorption isotherms were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich models. This study showed that the maximum adsorbed quantity of dye passes from 3.21mg/g for the untreated raw clay to 4.29mg/g for the activated clay irradiated 2 min under microwave at a power of 900W and that the Langmuir model is the most adequate to describe the adsorption process.
Occupational inequalities in mortality in South Korea using nationally representative mortality follow-up data from the late 2000s and after
Authors: Noh Eunjeong , Khang Young-Ho
Published: August 2021

Many Korean and international studies have found higher mortality and poorer health conditions among manual workers than among non-manual workers. However, a recent study using unlinked data argued that since the economic crisis in Korea in the late 2000s, the mortality estimates of male Korean non-manual workers have been higher than those of manual workers. Our work using individually linked data from the late 2000s and after aimed to examine mortality inequality by occupational class. We analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data that were individually linked to cause-of-death data. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the hazard ratios for mortality by occupational class. Of 11,766 men aged between 35 and 64, 397 died between 2007 and 2018: 142 died from cancer, 68 from cardiovascular diseases, 88 from external causes, and 99 from other causes. After controlling for age, the mortality estimates for manual workers were 1.85 times higher than those for upper non-manual workers (P < 0.05). We observed no evidence of reversed mortality inequality among occupational classes in Korea since the 2000s; this previously reported finding might have been due to numerator-denominator bias arising from the use of unlinked data.
Pathways to Loneliness: A Mediation Analysis Investigating the Social Gradient of Loneliness in Persons With Disabilities in Switzerland
Authors: Tough Hannah , Gross-Hemmi Mirja , Eriks-Hoogland Inge , Fekete Christine
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe experience of loneliness can have drastic consequences for health and quality of life. Given that loneliness is highly prevalent in persons with physical disabilities and that loneliness more profoundly affects persons of low socioeconomic status, more evidence is required in order to understand the mechanisms determining loneliness in this population. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the potential pathways through which socioeconomic status influences loneliness in persons with spinal cord injury.MethodsParallel and serial mediation analysis utilising structural equation models and bias corrected and accelerated confidence intervals were used in order to test the mediation effects of health status, functioning, participation, social support and self-efficacy on the association between socioeconomic status and loneliness in persons with spinal cord injury. A latent construct was created for socioeconomic status with the indicators education, household income, financial hardship, subjective social status and engagement in paid work. ResultsThis study found evidence to support the mediating role of psychosocial resources and of secondary health conditions in the association between socioeconomic status and loneliness. The study demonstrated robust associations between socioeconomic status and all mediators, whereby higher socioeconomic status was associated with better health, participation and psychosocial resources. Results also suggested that the serial mediation model explained the interplay between socioeconomic status, mediators on different levels, and loneliness. For example, emotional support and self-efficacy were both positively associated with fewer restrictions to participation (0.12 (CI: 0.05, 0.17); 0.29 (CI: 0.23, 0.35) respectively), and frequency of participation increased as a result of improved functional independence and fewer secondary health conditions (0.31 (CI: 0.23, 0.36); -0.18 (CI: -0.24, -0.10) respectively). Conclusions﻿This study has emphasized the social gradient of loneliness in persons with spinal cord injury and has identified several potential mediating factors, such as health status and psychosocial resources, in the association between socioeconomic status and loneliness. This population-based evidence suggests potential targets of interventions on the pathway to loneliness, and has identified potential underlying mechanisms, through which socioeconomic status influences loneliness.
Effect of Er:YAG Laser on Surface Properties, Bacterial and Lipopolysaccharide Clearance, and Human Gingival Fibroblast Adhesion: An In-Vitro Peri-Implantitis Model
Authors: Wang Cheng-Ying , Lee Bor-Shiunn , Jhang Ya-Ting , Ma Kevin Sheng-Kai , Huang Chen-Pang , Fu Kuan-Lun , Lai Chern-Hsiung , Kuo Mark Yen-Ping , Chen Yi-Wen
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) clearance and fibroblast adhesion in an ex vivo peri-implantitis model. Methods: Grade IV titanium discs (n = 216) were used and allocated to 6 groups. Group 1 was the negative control without Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation. Discs in Groups 2 to 6 were incubated with P. gingivalis to form a biofilm. Group 3 received 0.12% chlorhexidine irrigation and Group 4 received titanium curettage to remove the biofilm. Group 5 was treated with Er:YAG laser irradiation and Group 6 was treated with titanium curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation. The contact angle and surface roughness were measured after the various treatments. The surface microstructure and residual bacteria were examined using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Residual LPS was examined using a limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and human gingival fibroblast adhesion was quantified using fluorescent microscopy. Results: Curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation was the most effective method for removing bacteria and LPS. No significant difference in the amount of fibroblast adhesion was found between the control and Group 6. Conclusion: Combined use of Er:YAG laser irradiation and curettage is a promising therapy for managing peri-implantitis .
Evaluation of The Therapeutic Regimen in COVID-19 in Transplant Patients: Where Do Immunomodulatory and Antivirals Stand?
Authors: Shafiekhani Mojtaba , Shahabinezhad Farbod , Niknam Tahmoores , Tara Seyed Ahmad , Haem Elham , Mardani Parviz , Zare Zahra , Jafarian Sedigheh , Jahromi Khatereh Mirzad , Arabsheybani Sara , Moeini Yalda Sadat , Jalali Seyed Soroush , Salimi Maryam , Shahriarirad Reza , Malek-Hosseini Seyed Ali
Published: August 2021

Background
The management of COVID-19 in organ transplant recipients is among the most imperative, yet less discussed, issues based on their immunocompromised status along with their vast post-transplant medication regimens. No conclusive study has been published to evaluate proper anti-viral and immunomodulator medications effect in treating COVID-19 patients to this date.
Method:
This retrospective study was conducted in Shiraz Transplant Hospital, Iran from March 2020 to May 2021 and included COVID-19 diagnosed patients based on SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive test who had been hospitalized for at least 48 hours before enrolling in the study. Clinical and demographic information of patients, along with their treatment course and the medication used were evaluated and analyzed using multiple regression analysis.
Results
A total of 245 patients with a mean age of 49.59 years were included with a mortality rate of 8.16%. The administration of Remdesivir as an anti-viral drug (P-value˂0.001) and Tocilizumab as an immunomodulator drug (P-value < 0.001) could reduce the hospitalization period in the hospital and the intensive care unit, as well as the mortality rates significantly. Meanwhile, the patients treated with Lopinavir/Ritonavir experienced a lower chance of survival (OR < 1, P-value = 0.04). No significant difference was observed between various therapeutic regimens in clinical complications such as bacterial coinfections, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse reactions, and liver or kidney dysfunctions.
Conclusion
The administration of Remdesivir as an anti-viral and Tocilizumab as an immunomodulatory drug in SOT recipients could be promising treatments of choice to manage COVID-19.
Preparation and Characterization of Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 Ternary Nanocomposite for enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Saber Nesrine Ben , Mezni Amine
Published: August 2021

In this work, ternary Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite were synthesized via solvothermal chemical reduction method using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and reducing agent. The chemical procedure involves the use of only metals precursors without the need to use any other surfactants or capping agents. Physicochemical properties of the designed photocatalyst are found by means of various modern techniques. XRD data confirmed the high crystallinity of the obtained ternary nanocomposite. On the other hand, using TEM and HRTEM instruments, the shape and morphology of the Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite were found to be spherical with an average particle size of 150 nm. The UV-Vis measurement shows that Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 as photocatalyst exhibited good photo response in the visible region. The effect of preparation method and the performance of the designed photocatalyst were evaluated by photodegradation measurements of MB under visible light irradiation. We observed that the combination of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and hematite iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) with titanium dioxide (TiO2) enhance the photocatalytic activity of the ternary Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 photocatalyst compared to bare TiO2 suggesting its potential for many purification applications.
A Panel of CSF and Serum Biomarkers Reflecting Injury Severity and Outcome in a Human Spinal Cord Injury Study
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Fu Yueqiang , Kaur Sehajpreet , Jabbal Iktej Singh , Moghieb Ahmed , Istanbouli Ayah , Irfan Zoha , Bramlett Helen M. , Patterson Robert Logan , Kurup Milin , Morrow Lindsey , Cohn Michael , Ruiz Samuel J. , Zhang Zhiqun , Zhu Jiepei , Hayes Ronald L. , Bullock M. Ross , Dietrich W. Dalton , Wang Michael Y. , Wang Kevin K. W.
Published: August 2021

Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) results in catastrophic neurological impairment. We aimed to examine the temporal profile and severity correlation of biomarkers, and their relationship with the American Spinal Injury Association Scale (AIS) improvement in human SCI. 15 SCI and 10 non-SCI healthy subjects were classified according to the initial and discharge AIS grade. Serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were collected. Spectrin breakdown products (SBDP) 150, SBDP145, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and GFAP breakdown product (GBDP) 38/44K were found to be elevated in the acute phase CSF samples in SCI patients on immunoblotting. SBDP150, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), GFAP, S100B, neurofilament light chain protein (NF-L), Tau & interleukin (IL) -6 were elevated in the acute phase CSF and serum samples on ELISA. CSF SBDP150, UCH-L1, GFAP, S100B and Tau were seen to peak on day 1 after injury, while CSF IL-6 and NF-L peaked on day 5. Serum SBDP150, IL-6, S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1 and Tau peaked on day 1, while serum NF-L peaked on day 5 post-injury. CSF alpha II-spectrin, SBDP150/145, and GBDP 44-38K levels (by immunoblots), CSF SBDP150, S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1 and Tau (ELISA) and serum UCHL-1 and Tau (ELISA) at specific time points showed SCI severity-correlation. CSF SBDP150, GFAP, and Tau and serum UCHL-1 and Tau (ELISA) were seen to have the best correlation with the severity at discharge. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analysis showed that CSF and serum biomarkers (SBDP150, IL-6, S100B, GFAP, NF-L, UCHL-1 and Tau) were associated with the severity of SCI.
Defining Rural In Aotearoa New Zealand: A Novel Geographic Classification For Health Purposes
Authors: Whitehead Jesse , Davie Gabrielle , de Graaf Brandon , Crengle Sue , Fearnley David , Smith Michelle , Lawrenson Ross , Nixon Garry
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To develop a valid rurality classification for health purposes in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) that is technically robust and incorporates heuristic understandings of rurality.Setting: Our Geographic Classification for Health (GCH) is developed for all of NZ.Participants: We examine the distribution of the entire NZ population across rurality classifications, and use the National Mortality Collection to examine previously masked rural-urban differences in mortality. Outcome measures: Unadjusted all-cause mortality rates and rural:urban incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results: The GCH modifies key population and drive time thresholds in the generic rurality classifications, thereby identifying 19% of the NZ population as rural. Rural and urban all-cause mortality rates and associated rural:urban IRRs vary considerably depending on rurality classification. The GCH finds a rural mortality rate 21% higher than for urban areas.Conclusions: The GCH identifies a distinct rural population, and highlights rural-urban inequities that are masked by generic classifications.
Enlarged Left Atrium And Decreased Left Atrial Strain are Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Hyperthyroidism Irrespective of Conventional Risk Factors
Authors: Shin Dong Geum , Kang Min-Kyung , Han Donghoon , Choi Seonghoon , Cho Jung Rae , Lee Namho
Published: August 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with AF in patients with hyperthyroidism beyond heart failure (HF), coronary heart disease (CHD), or valvular diseases.Methods: A total of 136 patients (mean age, 52 ± 15 years; 86 [63%] female) who were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for the first time were enrolled. Patients who had HF, CHD, or significant valvular diseases were excluded. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence (group 1, n=40) and absence of AF (group 2, n=96). Results: AF occurred in 40 (29%) patients and 23 (58%) of these patients showed paroxysmal AF. Among the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, the most common chief complaint was palpitation (30%). Advanced age, presence of prior cerebrovascular events, and presence of palpitations were associated with AF. Larger left atrial volume index (LAVI), increased left ventricular mass index, and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and S’ velocity were associated with AF. Among them, presence of palpitations and increased LAVI were independently associated with the occurrence of AF. In addition, strain analysis, decreased LA expansion index (EI), ejection fraction (EF), peak atrial longitudinal strain, contraction strain, and late diastolic strain rate (A sr) and systolic strain rate (S sr) were associated with the occurrence of AF and LAVI.Conclusion: Presence of palpitations and enlarged left atrium were associated with the occurrence of AF in patients with hyperthyroidism irrespective of conventional risk factors. Additional LA analysis revealed that decreased LA function was associated with AF and enlarged left atrium.
Visualizing an convergence of three mitochondrial molecule mRNAs for DRP1/MFN2/UCP4 on soma of cerebellar Purkinje cells by RNAscope
Authors: Liu Hui , Luo Tingting , Wu Feifei , Guo Baolin , Zhang Kunlong , Li Shujiao , Li Xiaodong , Wang Ruiqing , Chen Jinghao , Wang Lu , Yang Yanling , Wang Ya-Yun
Published: August 2021

We know little about how mitochondrial dynamic are regulated in the Purkinje cells. To explore it, we first set up a transgenic mice in which Purkinje cells expressed tdTomato in the cerebellum of Gad2-cre;ZsGreen-tdTomatofl/fl mice. Secondly Double stainings verified tdTomato cells were Calbinin (CB)-positive Purkinje cells, but not colocalized either with astrocyte marker GFAP or with microglia marker Iba1. Thirdly, application of RNAscope in situ hybridization with the identification of mRNAs of mitochondrial fusion (Mfn2), calcium transporter (Mcu and Nclx) and uncoupling proteins (Ucp2 and Ucp4) were used onto Purkinje cells for specific spatial analysis. The RNAscope assay used a semi‑quantitative H scoring guideline to evaluate the staining results. The number of bins ranges from 0–4 according to the ACD scoring system. Moreover, ACD scoring system was used to calculate the overall H scores of Dendritic Weighted Formula (DWF) and Soma Weighted Formula (SWF). Our data for the first time demonstrated that Mfn2 mRNAs expression was evident in Prukinje cells with the H scores of DWF and SWF as 60 and 139, respectively. And few Ucp4 mRNAs expression was present in dendritic shafts of Prukinje cells with the H scores of DWF and SWF as 14 and 103, respectively. It should be noted that Mcu mRNAs, Nclx mRNAs, as well as Ucp2 mRNAs expression were only scattered on both soma and dendrites in Prukinje cells with the low H scores of DWF and SWF. Double RNAscope profiling of mitochondrial molecules showed The data showed Mfn1 mRNAs are present only in the soma of the Purkinje cells, instead of processes. Double RNAscope showed almost none of dots of Drp1 mRNAs was co-localized with dots of Mcu mRNAs, as well as almost none of dots of Ucp2 mRNAs was co-localized with dots of Mfn2 mRNAs. All of these results show the mitochondrial Drp1/Mfn2/UCP4 convergence on the Purkinje cells. Finally, a major focus of present research will be to develop new and more specific molecules that tune the activity of the Purkinje cells activate or inactivate and to address diseases for which such druglike molecules may open therapeutic windows for Purkinje cells-related manipulation in the clinic. The molecular identification of drug targets, mechanism of action, and structural basis of their activity will crucially enable preclinical development.
Local Perception of Ecosystem Services and their Conservation in Sudanian Savannas of Burkina Faso (West Africa)
Authors: Nabaloum Assétou , Goetze Dethardt , Ouédraogo Amadé , Porembski Stephan , Thiombiano Adjima
Published: August 2021

Context: In Burkina Faso, Sudanian savannas are important ecosystems for plant diversity conservation. However, population migration from the north due to desertification and insecurity has increased human density and caused an intensification of anthropogenic pressure on southern savannas. This study aims to investigate local population's knowledge on ecosystem services (ES), and perception on their conservation. Method: Individual semi-structured interviews focused on informants’ knowledge on ES and ecosystem conservation issues were conducted. Informants were selected according to the sociocultural groups and sex in three land use intensity levels: the communal area of Dano (CAD), the Total Wildlife Reserve of Bontioli (TWRB) and the Game Ranch of Nazinga (GRN). The use value and vulnerability index of each plant species were determined. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to identify the particular knowledge of the different groups.Results: Overall, 163 plant species were cited for fifteen ES. Provisioning services were the most cited (100%) followed by regulating services (92.47%). Entire plants were exclusively used in conservation services (protection against wind, for shading, soil fertility, erosion prevention, tourism and religion). The ten species which contribute most to ES were Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa, Diospyros mespiliformis, Adansonia digitata, Lannea microcarpa, Faidherbia albida, Khaya senegalensis, Afzelia africana, Ficus sycomorus, Pterocarpus erinaceus. Seven of them were identified as highly vulnerable. Migrants and natives around the GRN share the same knowledge, while migrants in the TWRB used the ES only to a small extent due to restricted contact with the native population. Migrants and natives of GRN have more knowledge on crafts services while the native of CAD and TWRB exploit the services that sustain the quality of the agricultural land and insure their primary needs. To reduce further degradation, the different communities suggested unanimously raising awareness on the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem preservation. The most quoted motivations to preserve ecosystems were vegetation sustainability and village development.Conclusion: This study documented important local knowledge-based information to guide domestication of local multipurpose species and the initiation of communities to practice best management strategies for sustainable conservation of biodiversity.
LncRNA WT1-AS Attenuates hypoxia/ischemia Induced Neuronal Injury in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke via miR-186-5p/XIAP Axis
Authors: You Jianquan , Qian Fei , Huang Yu , Guo Yingxuan , Lv Yaqian , Yang Yuqi , Lu Xiupan , Guo Ting , Wang Jun , Gu Bin
Published: August 2021

BackgroundCerebral ischemic stroke was a nervous system disease with high occurrence rate and mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA WT1-AS in cerebral ischemic stroke. Materials and methodsStarbase and dual luciferase reporter gene assay were used to analyze the target relationship between lncRNA WT1-AS and miR-186-5p. qRT-PCR analysis was used to detect lncRNA WT1-AS and miR-186-5p expression. OGD-induced SH-SY5Y cells injury model was conducted, and cell viability and cell apoptosis were determined by MTT and flow cytometer assay. Caspase3 ability was determined using Caspase3 activity detection kit. ResultsmiR-186-5p was a target of lncRNA-WT1-AS. lncRNA WT1-AS was down-regulated and miR-186-5p was up-regulated in blood samples of patients with ischemic stroke and in OGD-induced SH-SY5Y cells. We found that WT1-AS-plasmid promoted OGD-induced cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis and decreased caspase3 ability, and these changes were reversed by miR-186-5p mimic. Subsequently, our results proved that XIAP was a target of miR-186-5p. Similarly, miR-186-5p inhibitor reduced OGD-induced neuronal damage by up-regulating XIAP expression. ConclusionlncRNA-WT1-AS/miR-186-5p/XIAP might be a new target for cerebral ischemic stroke treatment.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Suppression and Recurrence After Thyroid Lobectomy For Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Bae Mi Rye , Nam Sung Hoon , Roh Jong-Lyel , Choi Seung-Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon
Published: August 2021

Background
Thyroid lobectomy is recommended as the primary treatment for low-risk thyroid cancer. However, recurrence and hypothyroidism may develop after lobectomy, necessitating thyroid hormone supplementation. The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines recommended post-lobectomy thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression. This study examined the need for TSH suppression and recurrence after lobectomy for unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
Methods
This study involved 369 patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy and ipsilateral central neck dissection for PTC between 2007 and 2015. Thyroid function tests were performed before and regularly after lobectomy. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to find factors predictive of the post-lobectomy need for TSH suppression that was defined by the 2015 ATA guidelines.
Results
Serum TSH concentrations gradually increased after lobectomy: proportions with TSH > 2 mIU/L at post-lobectomy 1, 3 ~ 6, 12, and 24 months were found in 77.0%, 82.3%, 66.7%, and 59.9%, respectively. After lobectomy, 168 (45.5%) patients received levothyroxine (T4) supplementation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that pre-TSH level > 2 mIU/L was the sole independent variable predictive of the need for post-lobectomy TSH suppression (P = 0.003). During the median follow-up of 72 months, recurrence was found in 4 (1.1%) patients who never received T4 supplementation and had post-lobectomy TSH levels > 2 mIU/L.
Conclusions
Our data show that thyroid lobectomy for unilateral PTC is associated with a low recurrence rate, but a significant risk of hypothyroidism. Preoperative TSH level can predict the need for post-lobectomy TSH suppression compliant with the 2015 ATA guidelines.
Material Characteristics Evaluation for DC04-Welded Tube Hydroforming
Authors: Niu Liqun , Zhang Qi , Han Bin
Published: August 2021

Tube hydroforming (THF) technology is widely applied, especially in the automotive and aircraft industries. Material characteristics of tubular workpieces should be evaluated in terms of bending and THF processes. A mathematical model, which combines the assumption of elliptical contour of a bulged wall and the prediction equation of wall thickness, is provided to analyze the THF process and to obtain the strain-stress relationship of tubes. Material characteristics of a DC04-welded tube is obtained by using a self-designed THF test machine. Considering the effects of pre-work hardening, we discuss the material strain-stress relationships of the tube and original sheet blank. An approximate determination method is proposed to obtain the stress-strain curve of the tube by using the curve of the original sheet blank and the hardness of the tube and sheet blank. A suitable constitutive equation with pre-work hardening is applied to the DC04-welded tubes through simulation and experimental methods.
Serum N-Glycomic Biomarkers Predict Treatment Escalation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Shubhakar Archana , Jansen Bas C , Adams Alex T. , Reiding Karli R. , Ventham Nicholas T. , Kalla Rahul , Bergemalm Daniel , Urbanowicz Paulina A , Gardner Richard A , Consortium IBD-BIOM , Halfvarson Jonas , Satsangi Jack , Fernandes Daryl L , Wuhrer Manfred , Spencer Daniel I R
Published: August 2021

A blood-based prognostic biomarker to guide clinical decision-making at diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) would be immensely helpful. We investigated a composite serum N-glycomic biomarker to predict future disease course in 244 newly diagnosed IBD patients. Forty-seven individual glycan peaks were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography identifying 105 glycoforms from which 24 derived glycan traits were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine associations of derived glycan traits with disease. Cox proportional hazard models were used to predict treatment escalation from first-line treatment to biologics or surgery (hazard ratio (HR) 25.9, p = 1.1×10− 12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.52–78.78). Application to an independent replication cohort of 54 IBD patients yielded a HR of 5.1 (p = 1.1×10− 5; 95% CI, 2.54–10.1). These data demonstrate the predictive capacity of serum N-glycan biomarkers and represent a step towards personalized medicine in IBD.
A Comprehensive Breath Test that Confirms Recent Use of Inhaled Cannabis within the Impairment Window
Authors: DeGregorio Michael W. , Wurz Gregory T. , Montoya Edward , Kao Chiao-Jung
Published: August 2021

Legalization of cannabis for medicinal and/or recreational use is expanding globally. Although cannabis is being regulated country by country, an accurate recent use test with indisputable results correlated with impairment has yet to be discovered. In the present study, a new approach for determining recent cannabis use within the impairment window after smoking was developed by studying 74 subjects with a mean age of 25 years and average use history of 9 years. Horizontal gaze nystagmus was evaluated along with subject self-assessments of impairment, and blood and breath samples were collected before and after smoking cannabis. Breath and blood pharmaco-kinetic parameters and cannabinoid profiles determined recent use within the impairment window. No subjects were positive for recent use pre-smoking, although all subjects had detectable cannabi-noids in breath samples. We describe an inhaled cannabis recent use test that correlates with impairment and helps protect against wrongful prosecution and workplace discrimination.
Palmitic acid increases HCK gene and protein expression levels in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Ghasempour Ghasem , Zamani-Garmsiri Fahimeh , Mohammadi Asghar , Najafi Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Background and Aims: Saturated fatty acids are known to involve in atherosclerosis through different biologic pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of palmitic acid (PA) on the tyrosine-protein kinase (HCK) gene and protein expression levels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods: The human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMC) were treated with palmitic acid (0.5 mM, 24 hours) based on the cellular viability studies. The HCK gene and protein expression levels were measured by real-time qRT-PCR and western blotting techniques, respectively. Oil Red O staining method was used to determine the intracellular lipid values.Results: The HCK gene expression level was increased significantly in the PA-treated VSMCs (p=0.02). The total and phosphorylated HCK (p-HCK) protein expression levels increased in VSMCs. There was a significant increase in p-HCK value (P=0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the palmitic acid increases intracellular p-HCK value so that it may affect the HCK-mediated pathways in VSMCs.
Lung Injury Induced by Antitumor Drugs: Diagnosis, Features of the Clinical Course, Risk Factors, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Part 1
Authors: Orlovа N. V. , Ostroumovа O. D. , Shikh E. V. , Smerdin S. V. , Rebrovа E. V. , Dyo V. А.
Published: August 2021

57 publications on pneumotoxicity of antitumor drugs were analyzed. It was found that the development of pneumotoxic effects could be influenced by risk factors such as gender, age, tobacco smoking, comorbidities, and duration of therapy. Symptoms of lung injury induced by antitumor drugs are nonspecific thus it is difficult to diagnose them promptly. For prevention, early diagnosis and timely management of drug-induced lung injury during antineoplastic therapy, it is necessary to raise awareness of such a condition in practitioners of different specialties, primarily general practitioners, pulmonologists, phthisiologists, and oncologists.
Perioperative Support of Portosystemic Shunting Interventions in Complicated Portal Hypertension due to Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Khoronko Yury V. , Martynov D. V. , Kosovtsev E. V. , Lebedev Yu. I.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Portosystemic shunting interventions in the treatment of life-threatening complications of portal hypertension allow to avoid a patient’s death but they decrease the portal blood perfusion which may lead to fatal hepatic failure. The adapting portal decompression (APD) using selective vasoconstrictors preoperatively is reasonable to prevent this complication. Methods. 103 patients had undergone transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement and divided on two comparable groups. 52 patients of I group who received a common standard of preoperative treatment were compared with 60 patients of II group who had pre-TIPS APD (octreotide 300 mcg subcutaneously 2 times a day during 3–5 wk) in addition of standard therapy. Postoperative complications, 6-week and 1-year mortality rate and cumulative survival were comparably evaluated. Results. Intraoperative manometry revealed a decrease of portal pressure in the group of patients who received pre-TIPS APD (II group) comparably to patients of I group (р < 0.05). As result the clinical and laboratory improvement in II group was found. 6-week mortality in I group was 1.9 % (1 patient after increasing of incidence of hepatorenal syndrome). At II group was no mortality. In 1-year period after TIPS 15 patients (28.8 %) of I group and 8 (13.3 %) of II group died. Conclusion. It’s reasonable to make the pre-TIPS APD for prevention of hepatic failure as a result of decreasing of portal blood perfusion. These findings suggest the need for selective vasoconstrictor octreotide use.
Urea Cycle Defects Causing Acute Cerebral Failure in Children: case report
Authors: Alexandrovich Yu. S. , Pshenisnov Konstantin V. , Felker E. Yu. , Abramova N. N. , Gabrusskaya T. V.
Published: August 2021

A clinical case, that illustrates the specifics of acute cerebral insufficiency of metabolic genesis due to congenital defects of the urea cycle, is reported. A diagnostics and differential diagnostics algorithm for congenital hyperammonemia is presented and current recommendations for correction of this disease are described. Particular attention is paid to the necessity of the earliest diagnostics possible and targeted pathogenetic treatment.
Anesthesia in Patients with Concomitant Diseases of the Central Nervous System: a Literature Review
Authors: Trembach N. V.
Published: August 2021

Chronic congenital and acquired diseases of the central nervous system are a heterogeneous group of diseases, the etiology and pathogenesis of which is quite diverse and associated with the damage to the brain and spinal cord. Such diseases include the consequences of acute cerebral circulation disorders, intracranial hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, the consequences of poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, syringomyelia, the consequences of spinal cord injury. The review presents approaches to preoperative assessment and preparation, the choice of anesthesia and anesthetics, and the tactics of myoplegia in patients with the diseases of the central nervous system.
Perioperative Management of Patients with Bradyarrhythmias Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Myasnikova Victoria V. , Karakhalis N. B. , Musaeva T. S.
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the problem of prophylaxis and treatment of perioperative arrhythmias is due to the fact that a widening range of surgical interventions is performed, including elderly patients, burdened with concomitant cardiac pathology. The article reviews Russian and foreign clinical guidelines and handbooks for managing patients with bradyarrhythmias in non-cardiac surgery. Key information about the physiology of electrical impulse in the myocardium, the formation of a normal ECG, as well as the main signs of cardiac rhythm pathology is given; “safe” and potentially dangerous bradyarrhythmias are indicated. The mechanism of development of intraoperative reflex bradycardia, which is a specific complication of some ophthalmic, maxillofacial and laparoscopic operations, is considered. The review presents managing patients with certain types of bradyarrhythmias in the perioperative period: sinus bradycardia, sinus node weakness syndrome, conduction disorders. Separately the questions of implantable antiarrhythmic devices, anesthesia during arrhythmic operations are described. The analysis of recommendations on the choice of the method of anesthesia, monitoring, used drugs in patients with concomitant cardiac arrhythmias, the algorithm of emergency therapy in the perioperative period for potentially dangerous forms of bradyarrhythmia was conducted.
Advanced Life Support in Cardiac Arrest — Current Guidelines and Outstanding Investigations
Authors: Kuzovlev Artem N.
Published: August 2021

The current review highlights the European Resuscitation Council 2015 and the Russian National Resuscitation Council 2015 guidelines on advanced life support. The review reflects the key elements of the in-hospital advanced life support algorithm, results of the largest modern studies and outlines promising areas of scientific development.
Intestinal Oxygenation in the Intensive Therapy in Pregnant Woman with Flu A (H1N1). Clinical Case
Authors: Slivin O. A. , Tarnovskaja D. S. , Mazurok Vadim A. , Belikov V. L. , Gorelov I. I.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the clinical case demonstration is to attract the professionals’ attention to the method of enteral oxygenotherapy successfully used in the intensive therapy of flu A (H1N1) in a young postpartum woman.
Chronical Pain Syndromes as a Critical Condition Consequence: Clinical Physiology, Diagnosis, Treatment
Authors: Spasova Arina P. , Maltsev V. V.
Published: August 2021

The review analyzes the prevalence of chronic pain syndromes in patients who have suffered a critical condition. The features of nociception processes and developing a sense of pain, the factors are analyzed to facilitate the transition of acute pain to chronic and possibility of their correction. Clinical and instrumental methods for the full evaluation of chronic pain syndrome, taking into account its specificity, as well as the basic principles of therapy, are considered.
Estimation of Dexketoprofen Effectiveness for Preemptive Analgesia in Patients with a Fracture of the Hip after Combined Trauma During Femoral Osteosynthesis
Authors: Voennov O. V. , Karelsky Mikhail V. , Trofimov A. О. , Kalentev G. V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. We have studied the effectiveness of dexketoprofen for preemptive analgesia in patients with a fracture of the hip after combined trauma during femoral osteosynthesis. Material and Methods. We examined 120 patients of both sex. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 60 people depending on the use of preemptive analgesia. After that the group of 60 persons were divided into groups of 20 patients, depending on the type of anesthesia. Group 1A — inhalation anesthesia (IA). Group 1B — regional anesthesia (RA). Group 1С — total intravenous anesthesia (TIA). Group 2A — inhalation anesthesia (IA) and preemptive analgesia with dexketoprofen. Group 2B — regional anesthesia (RA) and preemptive analgesia with dexketoprofen. Group 2С — total intravenous anesthesia (TIA) and preemptive analgesia with dexketoprofen. All patients were provided with blocked intramedullary femoral osteosynthesis in 3–5 days after the trauma. Postoperative analgesia was provided with tramadol and trimeperidine. The study consisted of the following steps: 1st — before the surgery, 2nd — at the beginning of the operation, 3rd — after the transfer to the hospital ward, 4th — 24 hours after the surgery. Results. We studied pain expression using the visual analog scale, hemodynamics, blood cortisol levels. Conclusion. After using dexketoprofen all patients had a more favorable pain severity dynamics, less blood cortisol levels, less blood pressure and heart rate in the early postoperative period.
Procedural Xenon Sedation for Diagnostic Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Potievskaya Vera I. , Shvetskiy F. M.
Published: August 2021

Using xenon-oxygen mixture for sedation is the useful approach. Material and Methods. We examined 18 healthy volunteers aged 25 to 39 years underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy under sedation with xenon-oxygen mixture with xenon/oxygen ratio 70/30 %. A three-hole mask with inputs for endoscope, catheter, and gas mixture supply was used for inhalations. The duration of the inhalations was no more than 3 minutes. Patients’ satisfaction with anesthesia was evaluated with a questionnaire. We performed main hemodynamics parameters, heart rhythm variability and blood acid-base state monitoring during the procedure. All patients evaluated the anesthesia as satisfactory, none of the examined felt a foreign body during the esophagogastroduodenoscopy, there were no painful sensations and negative effects except excessive salivation. Results. Mask anesthesia with xenon-oxygen mixture with concentration of 70/30 % for 3 minutes during diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy did not cause significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate, as well as basic parameters of acid-base state. Saturation and oxygen partial pressure of blood increased due to inhalation of hyperoxic mixture. Assessment of heart rhythm variability demonstrated significant increase in general spectrum capacity reflecting rise of cardiovascular system reserves, and decrease in low and high spectrum frequency ratio due to reduction of sympathetic activity. Conclusion. The obtained results allow to draw a conclusion about sufficient efficiency and safety of anesthesia with xenon during diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy in healthy volunteers.
FATWA COORDINATION IN MALAYSIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Sharia Research Centre, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia., Ashiqin Binti Mahmud Zuhudi Nurul , Edawati Binti Yaacob Salmy ,   Sharia Research Centre, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, Institute of Islam Hadhari, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia., Bin Zakaria Zamzuri ,   Sharia Research Centre, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia.
Published: August 2021

Fatwa coordination in Malaysia are non-ending issues due to certain factors whereas debated by many scholars. The issues of non-coordination or inconsistency of fatwa between the State Fatwa Committee and the Muzakarah Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs in Malaysia discussed by many reviewers as well as its impact on the community and the fatwa institution itself.Hence, this article aims to highlight past research related to the issue of fatwa coordination in Malaysia.The approach adopted is the method content analysis of past studies. The analysis of this literature uses thematic method approach in understanding selected articles based on random systems and the use of keywords in relation to fatwa coordination. Synthesis analysis carried out has resulted in six (6) themes consisting of factors of inconsistency, impact of inconsistency, importance of coordination, resolution of inconsistencies, minimization of inconsistency and the role of the Muzakarah Committee as the national fatwa institution. Thematic reviews give the advantages of the structured aspects of the discussion to the studies carried out by past surveyors.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUBLINGUAL AND VAGINAL MISOPROSTOL TABLET IN MISSED ABORTION
Authors:   Associate Professor of OBGYN, NHLMMC Ahmedabad., Patel Raxita , Patel Ami ,   2nd Year of OBGYN, NHLMMC Ahmedabad., a Debshree ,   3rd Year of OBGYN, NHLMMC Ahmedabad., Panchal Vaishali ,   Assistant Professor of OBGYN, NHLMMC Ahmedabad., Patel Harsh ,   First Year of OBGYN, NHLMMC Ahmedabad.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Management of missed abortion is matter of concern for obstetrician in terms of its methods and complications. Objectives: To compare efficacy, side effects and complications of sublingual and vaginal misoprostol tablet in missed abortion case of less than 20 weeks of gestation. Methods: Total 300 cases were taken, and out of those 300 cases, group A (150cases) included cases who were given sublingual misoprostol tablet, and group B (150 cases) included cases who were given vaginally misoprostol tablet. Observation: Mean gestational age is 7.9 and 8 weeks in Group A and Group B respectively. P value is 0.94. (Not significant). Mean induction abortion interval is 11.6 hours and 12.9 hours in Group A and Group B respectively i.e., the induction abortion interval is slightly short in the Group A. P value is 0.9, means the difference is not statistically significant. Mean dose of misoprostol was 1004.6 microgm and 1080 microgm for group A and group B respectively. P value is 0.029 is significant. Incidence of side effects (nausea, vomiting, unpleasant taste) was higher in group A than group B. P value is <0.05 is significant. Success rate was 86% in group A and 80% in group B. Conclusion: Sublingual and vaginal misoprostol tablet are both equally effective for medical management of missed abortion. Mean dose required for abortion is more in vaginal misoprostol but side-effects are more associated with sublingual misoprostol tablets.