bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
House stock forecasting based on population growth. A case of Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhussupov Timur , Yelubay Lazzat
Published: December 2021

Since the beginning of 2020, the "Nurly Zher" housing and communal development program for 2020-2025 came into force in Kazakhstan. Within the framework of this program there are tasks of capital repair and renovation of the housing stock. The passportization of the housing stock was adopted as one of the measures to solve this problem. At the same time there are some discrepancies in the statistical data between the Committee of Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the RK and Local Executive Authorities with a simultaneous increase in the volume of housing construction. This article examines the volume of residential buildings commissioned in Nur-Sultan depending on changes in the population of the city. It is assumed that as the number of people in the city will increase the volume of housing stock. To understand the volume of housing in Nur-Sultan in the period of the program "Nurly Zher" in the article gives a forecast increase in commissioned housing by 62% by 2025, compared with the value at the end of 2020. Based on the data obtained it is concluded that for a more effective solution to the problem of capital repair and renovation of housing stock an alternative approach or tool is needed.
Effect of modifiers and mineral additives from industrial waste on the quality of aerated concrete products
Authors: Sabitov Yerlan , Dyussembinov Duman , Bazarbayev Daniyar
Published: December 2021

The given article is devoted to research of influence of polymer modifiers and mineral additives on quality of composite aerated concrete products. When selecting the composition of composite aerated concrete local raw materials and components were used: portland cement, sand, aluminum powder, polyvinyl acetate, fly ash, post-alcoholic bard and whey of milk. Preliminary polyvinyl acetate was combined with binder mixing water at a temperature above 55ºC to obtain a readily soluble polymer emulsion. Dispersion was carried out with a rotary-pulsation apparatus at a pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa and a rotor speed of ~1200 rpm. In the same apparatus the complex modifier was produced. The offered technology of production of a complex modifier seems to be the most effective for composite aerated concrete. It made it possible to reduce water absorption and capillary suction of composite aerated concrete by an average of 25% and 45%, respectively. Moreover, different combinations of fly ash, polymer and modifier made it possible to achieve optimal values of thermal conductivity, compressive strength and frost resistance of composite aerated concrete.
KONSEP FITRAH DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN DAN HADIST
Authors: Nursalim Eko , Iskandar Iskandar
Published: December 2021

The concept of the nature of Islamic education in the perspective of the Koran and Hadith from the literature review that was carried out, there were several findings in the research including; First, etymologically, Fitrah means al-khilqah (instinct, nature) and al-thabī'ah (nature, character, character) which Allah swt created in humans. Fitrah is also taken from the word al-fathr which means shaq (split). From this meaning, other meanings are born, including creator or event. Second, all human nature in the form of the potential for piety, apart from trying to grow and develop, must and need to be educated and directed. Because the influence of parents (representing the environment in the form of association, reading, education, and so on) can affect humans to be bad, evil and so on. Third, if the child has a basic nature that is seen as an evil trait, educational efforts are to educate, direct and focus on eliminating and replacing or at least reducing the elements of the crime. Fourth, humans are blessed with two extraordinary potentials, namely reason ('aql) and free will (nafs). It turns out that these two potentials can be the cause of an advantage that is difficult to imagine, but at the same time can be a very fatal weakness as well.
Volatilidade Fiscal e Crescimento: Uma Análise para os Estados Brasileiros
Authors: Ordonez Alexsandro , Politi Ricardo
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho investiga como a volatilidade do ciclo econômico e as oscilações dos investimentos públicos e das variáveis fiscais afetam o crescimento das unidades federativas brasileiras para o período de 1997 até 2016. Em particular, são estimados os efeitos das volatilidades das despesas, receitas e estoque da dívida sobre o crescimento econômico. Os resultados sugerem que o aumento das volatilidades dos investimentos estaduais e da dívida são prejudiciais ao crescimento de longo prazo em todas as localidades. Adicionalmente, essas relações são investigadas para dois grupos de estados com diferentes tamanhos. Os resultados por grupos indicam que oscilações nas variáveis fiscais produzem um efeito negativo e maior sobre o crescimento dos estados menores, enquanto a volatilidade do investimento público está associada ao menor crescimento econômico nos estados maiores.
Determinantes Socioeconômicos e Territoriais da Decisão entre Estudo e Trabalho dos Jovens no Estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Rocha Luiz Eduardo de Vasconcelos , Sousa Henrique Eustáquio de
Published: December 2021

Este artigo analisa, através da metodologia logit multinomial, a influência, no ano de 2010, das características socioeconômicas e territoriais na decisão dos jovens com idades entre 15 e 25 anos entre estudo e trabalho. Os resultados das estimações evidenciaram que a transição dos jovens para a vida adulta, caracterizada pela busca de autonomia diante dos seus familiares, por meio do ganho de capital humano e do acesso ao mercado de trabalho, é marcada pela desigualdade de oportunidades.
Carbon Emissions from Fuel Combustion in the Economy of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (2005-2016)
Authors: Franco Marco Paulo Vianna , Souza Carla Cristina Aguilar de , Carvalho Terciane Sabadini , Filho Raimundo de Sousa Leal , Morais Reinaldo Carvalho de
Published: December 2021

The article assesses carbon emissions from fuel combustion in the economy of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais between 2005 and 2016. An open Leontief model with hybrid units and incorporation of an energy sector was built using available input-output matrices and energy flows by economic sector. Overall, “Transport, storage, and mailing”, “Petroleum derivatives and ethanol”, and “Metallurgy” remained as the most relevant sectors in terms of emissions. Total and distributive impacts decreased between 2005 and 2013, with a trend reversal between 2013 and 2016. In addition to these sectors, “Mining” and “Agriculture, forestry and logging” were significant sources of emissions embedded in exports. A reduction of approximately 20% in sectoral average and aggregate emission requirements was observed, despite the substantial growth of the economy of the State in the period. There were decreasing returns to such gains, which, alongside the trend reversal at the end of the period, point to the role of specific macroeconomic factors in the observed outcomes and the need for new initiatives to curb emissions in the future.
Sistemas Globais de Insumo-Produto: Uma Comparação entre o ICIO e a WIOT
Authors: Gonçalves Júnior Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo comparar os sistemas globais de insumo produto Intercountry Input-Output Model ICIO da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico OCDE e a \emph{World Input-Output Table} WIOT, desenvolvida pela World Input-Output Database WIOD, no intuito de identificar as principais diferenças existentes entre eles em termos holísticos e partitivos. Posteriormente, avaliou-se se a escolha entre os referidos sistemas pode influenciar os resultados da análise de insumo-produto. Os resultados mostraram que a aparentemente baixa proximidade, em termos partitivos, entre os valores estimados pelo ICIO e pela WIOT não resultou em maiores diferenças holísticas, isto é, não comprometeu os resultados da análise de insumo-produto para a grande maioria dos países. Todavia, quando se trata de uma análise específica para alguns países, como Malta, Chipre, Lituânia e Luxemburgo, e/ou alguns setores, principalmente os de serviços, alguns apontamentos feitos neste estudo precisam ser considerados.
Impacto Econômico da Universidade de Brasília no Distrito Federal e Brasil
Authors: Vassallo Moisés Diniz , Takasago Milene , Marques Maria Carolina
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, buscou-se avaliar os efeitos que a Universidade de Brasília – UnB exerce na economia do Distrito Federal - DF, a partir dos impactos calculados com uso de modelo de Insumo-Produto inter-regional. Quando consideramos o valor adicionado bruto, a UnB é responsável por cerca de R$ 2,5 bilhões de reais, o equivalente a 1% do PIB do DF. Adicionalmente, a UnB gera cerca de 45 mil empregos no DF e é responsável pela arrecadação de R$ 277 milhões em tributos. Esses indicadores foram apresentados em termos de impactos diretos somados aos indiretos e induzidos.
O Desastre Ambiental na Barragem de Fundão em Mariana–MG e seus Efeitos Econômicos e Sociais em Minas Gerais e no Espírito Santo
Authors: Firmiano Marilia , Irffi Guilherme
Published: December 2021

O desastre ambiental iniciado em novembro de 2015 em Mariana (MG) provocou uma onda de rejeitos que percorreu os cursos do córrego Santarém e dos Rios Gualaxo Norte e do Carmo até o Rio Doce, seguindo até sua foz em Linhares (ES), deixando parte dos rejeitos no reservatório da hidrelétrica Risoleta Neves e no trecho entre Candonga e Usina Hidrelétrica Baguari. Esta pesquisa analisa a existência de impactos econômicos e sociais desse desastre por meio do modelo de diferenças em diferenças com PSM. Os resultados demonstraram que, no curto prazo, nos municípios localizados próximos à região do desastre, houve impacto negativo sobre as medidas de fluxo escolar (aprovação/reprovação). Também se encontram evidências de impacto negativo sobre PIB dos municípios afetados. Por outro lado, não se verifica diferença significativa sobre o número de internações, entretanto, pelo caráter tóxico da lama, danos à saúde podem tornar-se evidentes no longo prazo.
TEKNOLOJİ VE SANAYİDEKİ GELİŞMELERİN YANSIMASI OLARAK EĞİTİM 4.0
Authors: BAYBURT Berrin , EĞİN Figen
Published: December 2021

Endüstri Devriminden günümüze kadar üretimin artması ve ekonomik ilişkilerin eskisine oranla daha da karmaşık hale gelmesi; devamında sosyo-ekonomik ve siyasal dönüşümleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Her bir Endüstri Devrimi, daha öncesinde sahip olunan bilgi ve deneyimler üzerine eklemlenerek birikimli olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Genel olarak, ideal vatandaş ve istendik davranışlara sahip bireyler yetiştirmeyi amaçlayan eğitim-öğretim sistemi de bu değişmelerden fazlasıyla etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Endüstri 4.0 sonrasında yaşanan gelişmelerin eğitim-öğretime olan etkilerini dünya ve Türkiye ölçeğinde incelemektir. Çalışma nitel araştırma çerçevesinde planlanmış, yürütülmüş ve verilerin elde edilmesi amacıyla ise literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma ile günümüz toplumlarında Endüstri 4.0 ile başlayan gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak teknoloji üretimi, ar-ge, pazarlama, girişimcilik, algoritmik düşünme, kodlama, problem çözme gibi yeterliliklerin önem kazanmaya başladığı görülmektedir. Diğer yandan eğitim sisteminin bu yeni gelişmelere adapte olarak piyasa koşullarına entegre olması, öğrenci ve öğretmenlerin güncel gereksinimler doğrultusunda donanmasına olan ihtiyacı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda okul müfredatlarına Endüstri 4.0’ın gerektirdiği bilgi ve becerilere sahip bireyler yetiştirmeyi amaçlayan kazanımlar eklenmiş ve bu doğrultuda kodlama, robotik, finansal okuryazarlık, girişimcilik, iletişim becerileri okul müfredatlarındaki yerini almıştır. Türkiye’de de bu gelişmeler doğrultusunda kodlama, robotik ile ilgili kazanımlar müfredatlarda yerini almaya başlamış; yerel ve ulusal düzeyde projelerle öğrenciler bu kazanımlar doğrultusunda çalışmalar yapmaya teşvik edilmişlerdir.
FÜTÜVVET VE AHİLİK ÇALIŞMALARININ KAYNAKLARI
Authors: ERDEM Ekrem
Published: December 2021

Fütüvvet, İslami çerçevede iyi olan şeyleri yapma, kötü olan şeyleri de yapmama esasına dayalı ahlaklı bir hayat ve toplum inşa etme idealinin kurumsallaşmış adı denebilir. Ahilik, bunun Anadolu’da Türkler tarafından daha ziyade esnaf ve zanaatkar zümreleri üzerinden oluşturulmuş kurumsal halidir. Bu anlayış özellikle Türkiye’de güncelliğini korumakta; özlemle ve hayranlıkla anılmaya devam etmekte ve üzerine pek çok araştırma ve program yapılmaktadır. Ancak yapılan çalışmalarda ve programlarda konunun esası ve bütünselliği konusunda önemli bilgi eksiklikleri bulunmaktadır. Bunların başında da fütüvvet ve ahilik konusunun esasına ve kaynaklarına dair ciddi bilgi eksiklikleri geliyor. Bu çalışmanın amacı, fütüvvet ve ahilik çalışmalarının kaynaklarının bir bütün olarak sistematik bir şekilde incelenmesidir. Son yıllarda bu alanda yapılan çalışma sayısı artsa da genellikle birinci derece kaynaklara ulaşılarak yapılan özgün çalışma sayısı oldukça sınırlı; kaynaklara dayalı yapılan çalışmalarda da kaynak çeşitliliği çok az gözükmektedir. Öncelikle fütüvvet ve ahilik çalışmalarında çok büyük ölçüde belli fütüvvetnamelere müracaat edilmektedir. Oysa bu belgelerdeki çeşitliliğin ve derinliğin bütünsel bir anlayışla dikkate alınması gerekiyor. Kaldı ki, bu alanda fütüvvetnamelerin dışında çok fazla kaynak olduğu halde, bunlardan bazılarına dayalı çalışma sayısı ya çok az ya da hiç yok. Usulde hata olunca esasta da hatalar meydana geldiği dikkate alınarak, mevcut çalışmada fütüvvetin ve ahiliğin kaynakları ilk defa toplu bir şekilde 13 alt başlık altında incelemeye alınmış; hatta hangilerinin fütüvvet çalışmaları için genel olarak, hangilerinin ise daha ziyade ahilik çalışmaları için daha uygun olacağı belirtilmiştir.
GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE DIŞ BORÇLARIN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİĞİNİN ANALİZİ: YENİ NESİL PANEL BİRİM KÖK TESTLERİNDEN KANITLAR
Authors: ÖZBEK Sefa
Published: December 2021

Ticari serbestleşme hareketliliğinin başladığı 1980’li yıllardan günümüze kadar geçen sürede küreselleşmenin ağırlığı artmıştır. Ticari serbestleşmenin yanında, artan finansallaşma ile ülke ekonomilerinin dış borç göstergeleri çok daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Bazı gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yüksek dış borç, yüksek cari açık, iç ve dış siyasi risklerin varlığı hem ekonomik hem de sosyal sorunlara neden olmaktadır. 2013 yılının Ağustos ayında Brezilya, Endonezya, Hindistan, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye’nin yer aldığı ülke grubu söz edilen olumsuz durumların varlığı sebebiyle Morgan Stanley tarafından kırılgan beşli ülkeler olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada seçilmiş gelişmekte olan ülkelerde (Brezilya, Endonezya, Hindistan, Güney Afrika, Türkiye) dış borçların sürdürülebilirliği araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla söz konusu ülke grubuna ait 1994-2019 dönemi yıllık dış borç servislerinin GSMH içerisindeki payı ve dış borç servislerinin ihracat gelirleri içerisindeki payı değişkenleri kullanılmaktadır. Ampirik yöntem olarak, Reese ve Westerlund (2016) tarafından geliştirilen PANICCA panel birim kök testi ve yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan Panel Fourier LM (Nazlıoğlu ve Karul, 2017) birim kök testi uygulanmaktadır. Ampirik bulgular, yapısal kırılmaların dikkate alınıp alınmamasına bağlı olarak farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
A Táboa Periódica do confinamento
Authors: Castro María Goretti , Fernández Rodrigo José Luis
Published: December 2021

A Táboa Periódica do confinamento Editar "A Táboa Periódica do confinamento" Boletín das Ciencias, núm. 92, páx. 7-16 (2021) https://doi.org/10.54954/202192007 Acceso ao artigo completo en PDF A Táboa Periódica do confinamento María Goretti Castro Justo e José Luís Fernández Rodrigo (IES As Barxas de Moaña) A Táboa Periódica do Confinamento que aquí presentamos é unha táboa especial polo momento excepcional no que se realizou. Como todas as táboas periódicas está formada por elementos químicos onde cada elemento segue situado no grupo e período ao que pertence pero é especial porque expresa outras propiedades. Propiedades que non poden ser medidas de maneira física, pero que representan algo máis que un valor ou unha cantidade, representan todo aquilo que vivimos, e viviron os nosos alumnos e alumnas, nun determinado momento excepcional das nosas vidas, sen perder a periodicidade xa que atopamos que esas propiedades, que nós non podemos medir de maneira obxectiva, representan sentimentos, accións ou situacións que son comúns entre o alumnado. Tamén aparecen ocos, espazos baleiros que ningún rapaz chegou a ocupar, por diversas circunstancias, e que nos fan regresar ao inicio da táboa, cando Dimitri Mendeléiev e outros científicos xeraron o primeiro gran esquema para organizar todos os elementos coñecidos nese momento, deixando algúns espazos en branco na súa táboa e facendo a suposición de que algún día se descubrirían novos elementos para cubrir esas lagoas. Esta actividade realizouse durante os meses de marzo a xuño do curso 2019-2020, tempo que se corresponde co período de confinamento, de maneira virtual a través da aula virtual do centro e contando con todo o alumnado de 3º da ESO, aos que nas derradeiras semanas sumóuselle alumnado de 1º de bacharelato científico.
Divergence and Curl of COVID19 Spreading in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan
Authors: Wang Yanshuo
Published: December 2021

This paper explores the COVID19 transmission pattern and circulation dynamics in the Euclidean space at the lower peninsula of Michigan by using the divergence and curl concept in vector field. The COVID19 transmission volume flux can be calculated for each county by using vector divergence. The results shows Wayne county had the highest divergence (162660), the Kent county had the second highest divergence (152540), and the Saginaw county had the third highest divergence (103240), the divergence is positive which means the COVID19 virus was transmitted from these counties to other places. The results also shows Monroe county had the lowest divergence (-187843), the Allegan county had the second lowest number in divergence (-90824), the divergence is negative which means the COVID19 virus was transmitted from other places to these counties. The circulation of the virus is also calculated by using vector curl. The positive curl means that the virus has circulated in a counter-clockwise direction, and the negative curl means the virus has circulated in a clockwise direction.

The divergence is an operator of the COVID19 transmission vector field, which produces a scalar field giving the quantity of the transmission vector field’s source at each location. The COVID19 spreading volume density of the outward flux of transmission field is represented by divergence around a given location.

The curl is an operator of the COVID19 transmission field, which describes the circulation of a transmission vector field. The curl at a location in COVID19 transmission field is represented by a vector whose length and direction denote the magnitude and axis of the maximum circulation. The curl of a transmission field is formally defined as the circulation density at each location of COVID19 transmission field.
Pengaruh Penambahan Mikroorganisme Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Kuat Geser Tanah Gambut Palembang
Authors: Rismantojo Erza , Ningsih Niar Nauri
Published: December 2021

Makalah ini berisi hasil penelitian yang mempelajari pengaruh penambahan 5, 10, dan 15% larutan mikroorganisme terhadap sifat fisik dan kuat geser tanah gambut dari Palembang, Sumatera Selatan. Pengujian dilakukan pada tanah gambut yang dikeringkan kemudian dipadatkan setelah dicampur air tanpa/dan larutan mikroorganisme pada kondisi tanpa masa peram dan setelah pemeraman selama tujuh hari. Sifat fisik yang diamati adalah specific gravity, nilai pH, kadar abu, kadar organik, dan kadar serat tanah gambut sebelum dan setelah dicampur dengan larutan mikroorganisme. Sifat mekanik yang dipelajari adalah kuat geser niralir dan efektif benda uji tanah gambut saja dan gambut yang dicampur dengan larutan mikroorganisme. Benda uji dibuat dengan cara pemadatan manual dan diuji dengan cara triaxial consolidated-undrained. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan larutan mikroorganisme menaikkan nilai specific gravity, pH, kadar abu, kohesi efektif, sudut geser dalam efektif,kuat geser niralir, dan mengurangi kadar organik dan serat. Benda uji untuk pengujian triaksial dijenuhkan dan dikonsolidasikan dengan tegangan efektif isotropik 50, 100, dan 200kPa. Hasil pengujian triaxial memperlihatkan bahwa kekuatan geser niralir tanah gambut Palembang yang dipadatkan ini dapat dinormalisasi dengan faktor normalisasi yang mirip dengan yang digunakan untuk tanah berbutir kasar.
Public or private corruption?
Authors: Kajsiu Blendi
Published: December 2021

This is a summary of some of the main arguments and findings of the book ¿Corrupción pública o privada? La dimensión ideológica de los discursos anti-corrupción en Colombia, Ecuador y Albania (Bogotá: Tirant lo Blanch, 2020). The book compares the official anti-corruption discourses of president Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2018) in Colombia, president Rafael Correa (2007-2017) in Ecuador and prime minister Edi Rama (2013-present) in Albania. It shows that although these three countries face very similar levels and perceptions of corruption their governments articulate this phenomenon differently due to their distinct ideological positions. While the neoliberal governments of Santos and Rama defined corruption primarily as abuse of public office and locate it mainly in the public sector, or in its interaction with the private one, the government of Rafael Correa, which embraced the 21st Century Socialism, defined corruption primarily as a problem of the private sector that captures and distorts the public sector.
Activating the Protein Synthesis Signaling by HIIT Concomitant with the Suppression of Protein Degradation in Wistar Rats’ Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Gholipour Majid , Mazaheri Soheyla
Published: December 2021

Background: Muscle loss occurs in some conditions such as aging, sarcopenia, and cancer. The interaction between protein synthesis and degradation signaling components induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is not well studied. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to simultaneously examine the effect of eight-week HIIT on the gene expression of both signaling components. Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to HIIT and non-exercise control groups. The HIIT group ran on a treadmill, five days/week for eight weeks, with 0º slope, including five interval sets of high and low intensity. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, dissected soleus muscles were stored at -80°C for later analyses. Results: The gene expression of Akt1, mTORC1, and S6K1 were increased in the HIIT group compared with the control group (All P ≤ 0.031) concomitant with the suppression of eIF4EBP1. The results of the S6K1 and eIF4EBP1 mRNA were also confirmed by the Western blotting. According to the inhibitory effect of Akt1, the gene expressions of FoxO3a and, consequently, MuRF1 and LC3A were significantly inhibited (All P ≤ 0.003). Western blot analysis did not confirm the LC3A protein expression, which may underline the role of LC3A in autophagy to promote cell survival. Conclusions: The intensities and durations of the exercise training protocol are sufficient to increase protein synthesis signaling components and especially inhibit the atrophy-related gene expression, which may lead to attenuating muscle loss and increasing muscle mass. Accordingly, it may be considered for rehabilitation and/or prevention of some conditions such as sarcopenia and cachexia.
Age at Surgical Ligation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Affects Prognosis in Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Li Qiuping , Han Tao , Yang Yonghui , Zhou Gengxu , Wang Hui , Chen Haihua , Feng Zhichun
Published: December 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate outcomes, prognosis, and safety associated with the timing of surgical ligation for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely premature infants (EPI). Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of 44 EPI (gestational age at birth 26.8 ± 0.67 weeks; birth weight 997 ± 152 g) who received surgical ligation for hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital in China between January 2021 and December 2014. We compared the general characteristics, underlying diseases, postoperative surgical complications, and prognoses in two groups of patients who received early ligation (≤ 14 days after birth) and late ligation (> 14 days after birth). Results: The gender, gestational age at birth, birth weight, Apgar score, postoperative surgical complications, rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity, necrotic enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia, total hospitalization, and medical costs of both groups were compared. According to the results, the late ligation group had a higher rate of severe BPD (66.3% cf. 35%) and required significantly longer time to reach total enteral feeding and weaning of respiratory support compared with the early ligation group. Conclusions: In EPI with hsPDA, for whom medical treatment failed or is contraindicated, early surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus can promote earlier total enteral feeding, shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation, and reduce the rates of severe BPD.
The Relationship Between Childhood Traumas with Social Appearance Anxiety and Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: The Mediating Role of Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance
Authors: Goodarzi Mana , Noori Mohammad , Aslzakerlighvan Maryam , Abasi Imaneh
Published: December 2021

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and social anxiety are two concepts related to body dissatisfaction. These concepts have been linked to sociocultural attitudes to appearances and painful experiences in interpersonal relationships. Objectives: The present study examines the relationship between childhood traumas with social appearance anxiety (SAA) and BDD through the mediating role of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance (SATA). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 415 university students in Tehran, Iran using the convenience sampling method in 2019 - 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and Amos version 21 software. Results: According to our results, while childhood traumas were not directly related to BDD (β = 0.059; SE = 0.31), SAA seemed to play a statistically significant mediating role (β = 0.17; SE = 0.005). Moreover, childhood trauma was related to SAA both directly (β = 0.24; SE = 0.001) and through the mediating role of SATA. In addition, SATA (β = 0.17; SE = 0.005) significantly predicted BDD (β = 0.27, P < 0.001). The assumed model was in good fit with the acquired data (CFI = 0.97, GFI = 0.95, NFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.046). Conclusions: Children who have had traumatic experiences may experience anxiety and self-doubt. Thus, childhood traumas are ostensibly related to signs of BDD and SAA through the mediation of sociocultural attitudes. Childhood traumas can also predict susceptibility to rejection in interpersonal relationships. However, no results have been found to mediate rejection sensitivity concerning trauma with BDD and SAA.
Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise and Prescribed Diet (Low in Carbohydrate and High Protein) Improve Mental Health in Obese Women
Authors: Yagmaee Fateme
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Although, the association between mental health and obesity has been reported in different studies, the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and mental health is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a diet (low in carbohydrate and high protein) along with aerobic exercise on mental health in obese individuals. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 obese women (20 - 35 years; 80 - 100 kg, 160 ± 5.1 cm and body mass index (above 30) who lived in Qazvin, Iran were selected voluntarily. Dietary intakes during the past one- month was assessed using a quantitative questionnaire on food frequency. Additionally, Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to monitor the rate of depression. Subjects were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a balanced diet that was low in carbohydrates and high in protein based on the calculation of their metabolism, while at the same time engaging in aerobic exercise (walking) for 8 weeks with 75% of the maximum heart rate. Control group did not receive any intervention during the study period. The aerobic program was performed for eight weeks (4 sessions per week and 50 minutes per session). Results: The results showed that the rate of depression was significantly improved in experimental group (P = 0.001), however, no significant change was found for control group (P = 0.17) Conclusions: The present study showed that a low carb and high protein diet is positively associated with mental health improvement (anxiety, stress and depression).
Association of the Meta-Emotion Structure with the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood Identity Mediated by Mental Health in University Students
Authors: Sadati Camelia , Namvar Hooman , Nasrolahi Bita
Published: December 2021

Background: Meta-emotion is a crucial developmental task to maintain internal balance, provide compatible relations, and improve mental health. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the association of the meta-emotion structure with the dimensions of emerging adulthood identity mediated by mental health in university students. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on male and female university students aged 18 - 25 years who were selected from the public universities of Tehran, Iran during 2020 - 2021. The research sample consisted of 178 participants selected via convenience, quota, and nonrandom sampling. Data were collected using Arnett’s inventory of the dimensions of emerging adulthood (IDEA), Goldberg’s general health questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and Mitmansgruber’s Meta-Emotion scale (MES). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling in the SmartPLS-3 software. Results: The meta-emotion structure had a significant negative association with possibilities/optimism (r = -0.14) and significant positive associations with the components of feeling in-between, identity explorations, self-focus, and possibilities/optimism. Mental health had a negative association with possibilities/optimism (r = -0.17) and positive associations with the other four identity dimensions. In terms of the direct influence coefficients, the meta-emotion structure had a direct and significant influence only on mental health (r = 0.68). Furthermore, mental health had a direct effect only on instability/negativity. Among the identity dimensions of emerging adulthood, mental health had a mediating role only for instability/negativity (β = 0.21; t = 3.23). Conclusions: According to the results and considering the structure of meta-emotion and mental health as an influential factor in characteristics such as instability/negativity among identity dimensions, emphasizing mental health as a mediating factor for the association between meta-emotion and components such as instability/negativity could help acquire a better understanding of the association between these variables.
Investigating Cytotoxic Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Quinoa Seed Extract Against Human Lung Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Mollaei Homa , Karimi Farzaneh , Ghorbany Morteza , Hosseinzadeh Mahboubeh Sadat , Moudi Maryam , Mousavi-Kouhi Seyed Mousa
Published: December 2021

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite recent advances in therapeutic approaches, common methods are not fully effective. Thus, researchers are looking for some novel complementary agents to improve the effectiveness of therapies. Emerging evidence has shown the antitumor activity of several natural components such as quinoa seed extracts in various types of cancer. Objectives: Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the antiproliferation and anti-apoptotic activity of quinoa on the A549 lung cancer cell line. Methods: The cell viability of A549 cells treated with quinoa was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression levels of BAX and BCL2 as apoptosis-related genes were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, the statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 7. Results: Our findings demonstrated that the cell viability decreased in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Also, treating A549 cells with doses of 1.60 and 1.92 mg/mL of quinoa seed extracts could increase BAX and decrease BCL2 expression levels (P < 0.05). However, the higher dose (1.92 mg/mL) was significantly effective. Conclusions: According to this study, quinoa seed extract could induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells (A549) throughout the increased ratio of BAX/BCL2. However, further investigations are required to confirm the results.
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection and its Genotypes in Suspected Hemodialysis Patients, Southwest of Iran
Authors: Jamalidoust Marzieh , Eskandari Maryam , Ziyaeyan Mazyar
Published: December 2021

Background: Hemodialysis patients are more prone to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection due to the need for long-term hemodialysis and blood transfusions. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the HCV infection burden, viral load, and genotype pattern in hemodialysis patients referred to a research center from 2011 to 2018. Methods: Among 131 hemodialysis patients with suspected HCV infection, referred to Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz, Iran, from 2011 to 2018, the HCV rate was assessed with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the HCV RNA load and genotypes by one-step TaqMan real-time PCR. Results: The prevalence of HCV-Ab positivity was 29% among hemodialysis patients, of whom 21 (57%) were HCV RNA-positive. In the rest of the hemodialysis patients who were HCV-Ab-negative, the HCV RNA was detected in five (12%) patients. Genotype 3 (Gt-3) was the most prevalent one detected in 50% of the patients whose genotypes were determined. Also, the HCV viral load in HCV-seropositive patients was generally higher than that in HCV-seronegative ones. Conclusions: This study showed that high HCV infection and different genotype patterns among hemodialysis patients compared to the general population are the main predictors of HCV infection, which indicates healthcare facility transmission because of inappropriate infection management practices.
Effectiveness of Paradox Therapy on COVID-19 Anxiety in Adult Population in Jahrom
Authors: Eatesamipour Razieh , Ramazanzade Moghadam Khadigeh , Amirpour Borzoo
Published: December 2021

Background: Since COVID-19 is a new disease with devastating effects worldwide, its emergence and spread aroused confusion, anxiety, and fear among the public. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of paradox therapy on the COVID-19 anxiety in adult population in Jahrom, Iran. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a two-month follow-up. The research population encompassed all individuals willing to participate in the present study who were residing in Jahrom during 2020-2021. According to the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, 30 participants with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of paradox therapy; however, the control group remained on the waiting list. The research tools included structured clinical interviews and the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using Friedman’s statistical method. Results: The results showed that paradox therapy was effective in decreasing COVID-19 anxiety (P = 0.001) and its psychological (P = 0.001) and physical (P = 0.002) symptoms, and the scores of the COVID-19-induced psychological and physical symptoms in the posttest phase were significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (P < 0.001). The decrease was noticed in the follow-up phase as well. Conclusions: According to the results, paradox therapy can effectively reduce anxiety and its psychological and physical symptoms due to COVID-19.
Effect of Local Cold Therapy on Arterial Blood Oxygen Saturation and Temperature Changes in Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Miri Ali , Roshanzadeh Mostafa , Masoudi Reza , Kheiri Soleiman , Davoodvand Shirmohammad
Published: December 2021

Background: Postoperative complications can endanger the patient's life and disrupt the recovery process if not properly managed. Local cold therapy can be a safe non-pharmacologic method to manage these side effects; however, it has not been highly considered. Objectives: This study was done to determine the effect of local cold therapy on arterial blood oxygen saturation and temperature changes in patients undergoing surgery. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2019 on 60 patients undergoing thoracic and abdominal surgery selected by convenience sampling, and they were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention (local cold therapy) was performed for 48 hours after full consciousness, three times a day for 20 minutes to the intervention group. Data were collected before and after the intervention using a demographic questionnaire, pulse oximetry device, and thermometer. The data were analyzed based on the independent samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, and chi-square and Fishers’ exact tests by SPSS version 20 software. Results: The mean arterial blood oxygen saturation percentage (O2Sat%) during the intervention significantly increased in both groups (P < 0.05), but the rate of increase was significantly higher in the local cold group (P < 0.05). The results of within-group research showed that the mean temperature had significant differences in the local cold therapy group (P < 0.05), but the mean body temperature did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Local cold therapy can be effectively trained and used by nurses to improve the O2Sat%. It did not affect postoperative body temperature. Further studies must be conducted to investigate the effects of local cold therapy on postoperative body temperature changes.
BRAF V600E Positive Hairy Plasma Cell Leukemia; Are the Cytoplasmic Projections in Plasma Cells Predictive of a Particular Molecular Characterization?
Authors: Jamali Elham , Sarraf Kazerooni Ehsan , Hashemi Tayer Akbar , Ranjbaran Reza
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and clinically aggressive form of plasma cell dyscrasia. Despite the significant role of BRAF mutation in plasma cell neoplasms, this mutation has been rarely considered in these cases. Finding evidence guiding us toward assessing the BRAF mutation in patients with plasma cell neoplasms could help make the suitable decision for targeted therapy. Case Presentation: A 79-year-old man presented with leukocytosis. Peripheral blood smear exhibited marked lymphocytosis and infiltration of about 50% abnormal lymphoid cells with slender cell-surface projections and oval shape nucleus. These findings raised the provisional diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) or HCL variants (HCL-v). Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of BRAFV600E mutation, which was in agreement with HCL diagnosis, albeit the flow cytometric assessment of abnormal lymphocytes corroborated PCL. Conclusions: Together with the previous comprehensive analysis regarding the association of cytoplasmic projections and BRAF mutations, our findings could suggest this morphological characteristic in plasma cells (PCs) as an indication for the assessment of BRAF V600E mutation in PC dyscrasias.
Experimental scheme of non-critical squeezed light field detection
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Juan , Xiang Xiao , Cao Ming-Tao , Dong Rui-Fang , Liu Tao , Zhang Shou-Gang ,   Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China,   School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: December 2021

The squeezed state, as an important quantum resource, has great potential applications in quantum computing, quantum communication and precision measurement. In the noncritically squeezed light theory, the predicted noncritically squeezed light can be generated by breaking the spontaneous rotational symmetry occurring in a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) pumped above threshold. The reliability of this kind of squeezing is crucially important, as its quantum performance is robust to the pump power in experiment. However, the detected squeezing degrades rapidly in detection, because the squeezed mode orientation diffuses slowly, resulting in a small mode mismatch during the homodyne detection. In this paper, we propose an experimentally feasible scheme to detect noncritically squeezing reliable by employing the spatial mode swapping technic. Theoretically, the dynamic fluctuation aroused by random mode rotation in the squeezing detection can be compensated for perfectly, and 3 dB squeezing can be achieved robustly even with additional vacuum noise. Our scheme makes an important step forward for the experimental generation of noncritically squeezed light.
Spesialrom for Kunst og håndverk i grunnskolen
Authors: Moe Harald Eivind
Published: December 2021

I dag bestemmer den enkelte kommune hvordan spesialrom skal utformes ut fra gjeldende læreplan for grunnskolen og innenfor rammene av opplæringsloven, plan og bygningsloven samt byggetekniske for­skrifter. Før 1983 fantes det imidlertid nasjonale retningslinjer for utforming av spesialrom i den nor­ske grunn­skolen. Jeg har anvendt kritisk diskursanalyse og analysert slike retningslinjer fra 1889 til 1992. Ret­ningslinjene i denne perioden skifter fra beordringer om spesialrom for læring av spesifikke hånd­verk (1889–1960) til beordringer som ideologisk understøtter rom for fri utfoldelse av formings-akt­iviteter og selvutvikling (1960–1992). De analyserte tekstene før 1960 inneholder ikke forskningsbaserte begrunnelser for hvordan spesialrom skal eller bør være, beordringene synes heller å lene seg på tradi­sjon og erfaring. Etter 1960 begrunnes beordringene først og fremst ut fra teori; nye ideer og tanker om fag­et Forming. Dette skiftet har også økonomiske motiver.
Swelling Characteristics of Clay Minerals According to the Ionic Strength in Pore Water
Authors: Gang Seok Gu , Jung Jongwon
Published: December 2021

An experiment to evaluate the swelling characteristics during saturation of representative clay minerals, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, and bentonite, according to the ionic strength of the pore water, was conducted. The results showed that in distilled water (DW), the average swelling ratios of kaolinite, illite, and bentonite were 10.95%, 12.51%, and 26.60%, respectively. However, montmorillonite exhibited a relatively large swelling ratio of approximately 152.6%. In 1 M brine, kaolinite, illite, and bentonite exhibited swelling ratios of 12.42%, 16.23%, and 21.91%, respectively, while that of montmorillonite was relatively small (0.83%). In the case of the ground containing montmorillonite, a high swelling ratio is expected with an increase in saturation and conductivity.
A cross-sectional analysis of the muscle strength, spinal shrinkage, and recovery during a working day of military police officers
Authors: Hoflinger Francielle , Rodacki André Luiz Felix , Tavares Janny M , Fadel Neto Milton I , Paulo Anderson C , Fowler Neil E , Rodacki Cintia L N
Published: December 2021

Objective

Military personnel has a large prevalence of back pain, especially those involved in patrolling routines, as they wear heavy protective equipment. Patrolling includes long periods of sustaining the protective equipment in a sitting or in a motor vehicle (motorcycle or car). Thus, understanding spinal loading of military police officers after patrolling by car (CAR; n = 14), motorcycle (MOT; n = 14), and administrative (ADM; n = 14) routines is relevant to establish preventive strategies.

Methods

The torque of the trunk and working and anthropometric characteristics were assessed to explain spinal loading using stature variation measures. Precise stature measures were performed before and after a 6 h journey (LOSS) and 20 min after a resting posture (RECOV). The trunk extensor (PTE BM−1) and flexor (PTF BM−1) muscles’ isometric peak torque were measured before the working journey.

Results

The LOSS was similar between CAR and MOT (4.8 and 5.8 mm, respectively) after 6 h of patrolling. The ADM presented the lowest LOSS (2.8 mm; P < .05). No changes in RECOV between groups were observed (P > .05). Vibration may explain the greater spinal loading involved in patrolling in comparison to the ADM. A GLM analysis revealed that BMI was the only explanatory factor for stature loss. No independent variables explained RECOV. The ability of the trunk muscles to produce force did not influence LOSS or RECOV.

Conclusions

Military police officers involved in patrolling may require greater post-work periods and strategies designed to reduce the weight of the protective apparatus to dissipate spinal loading. The external load used in patrolling is a relevant spinal loading factor.
Immune microenvironment in patients with mismatch‐repair‐proficient oligometastatic colorectal cancer exposed to chemotherapy: the randomized MIROX GERCOR cohort study
Authors: Jary Marine , Liu Wen‐Wei , Yan Dongyao , Bai Isaac , Muranyi Andrea , Colle Elise , Brocheriou Isabelle , Turpin Anthony , Radosevic‐Robin Nina , Bourgoin Pierre , Penault‐Llorca Frédérique , Cohen Romain , Vernerey Dewi , André Thierry , Borg Christophe , Shanmugam Kandavel , Svrcek Magali
Published: December 2021

In the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors, understanding the metastatic microenvironment of proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) is of paramount importance to both prognostication and the development of more effective novel therapies. In this study, primary and paired metastasis tissue samples were collected from patients with resectable metastatic CRC treated with adjuvant FOLFOX or peri‐operative chemotherapy in the MIROX phase III prospective study. In total, 74 cancer tissues were stained for CD3, CD8, Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1, invasive front, stromal, intra‐epithelial compartments), and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1, tumor, immune cells). The immune profiling of primary CRC had a limited value to predict the immune context of paired metastases for all markers but CD3+. The expression of CD8 and PD‐L1 was higher in metastases after neoadjuvant FOLFOX. In metastases, both CD3 T cells at the invasive front and PD‐L1 expressions on immune cells were predictive of better disease‐free survival. These results show that the effect of FOLFOX on modifying the immune microenvironment in resected CRC metastases and measurement of PD‐L1 expression and tumor‐infiltrating CD8 T cells in pMMR/MSS metastatic tissue samples could improve treatment strategies of metastatic CRC patients.