bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying optimal dosing strategies for meropenem in the paediatric intensive care unit through modelling and simulation
Authors: Morales Junior Ronaldo , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Paice Kelli M , Pavia Kathryn E , Hambrick H Rhodes , Tang Peter , Jones Rhonda , Gibson Abigayle , Stoneman Erin , Curry Calise , Kaplan Jennifer , Tang Girdwood Sonya
Published: August 2024

Background

Meropenem, a β-lactam antibiotic commonly prescribed for severe infections, poses dosing challenges in critically ill patients due to highly variable pharmacokinetics.

Objectives

We sought to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of meropenem for critically ill paediatric and young adult patients.

Patients and methods

Paediatric intensive care unit patients receiving meropenem 20–40 mg/kg every 8 h as a 30 min infusion were prospectively followed for clinical data collection and scavenged opportunistic plasma sampling. Nonlinear mixed effects modelling was conducted using Monolix®. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to provide dosing recommendations against susceptible pathogens (MIC ≤ 2 mg/L).

Results

Data from 48 patients, aged 1 month to 30 years, with 296 samples, were described using a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Allometric body weight scaling accounted for body size differences. Creatinine clearance and percentage of fluid balance were identified as covariates on clearance and central volume of distribution, respectively. A maturation function for renal clearance was included. Monte Carlo simulations suggested that for a target of 40% fT > MIC, the most effective dosing regimen is 20 mg/kg every 8 h with a 3 h infusion. If higher PD targets are considered, only continuous infusion regimens ensure target attainment against susceptible pathogens, ranging from 60 mg/kg/day to 120 mg/kg/day.

Conclusions

We successfully developed a population pharmacokinetic model of meropenem using real-world data from critically ill paediatric and young adult patients with an opportunistic sampling strategy and provided dosing recommendations based on the patients’ renal function and fluid status.
Racializing Print Capitalism in the Transimperial Pacific: “The Printers Fear the Invasion of the Yellow Peril”
Authors: Hsiung Hansun
Published: August 2024

This article uses the Victorian Master Printers’ Association of Australia’s 1908 protest against Japanese print artifacts as a backdrop against which to rethink print capitalism’s relationship to race. First, rather than national imaginaries, I demonstrate that flows of print capital illuminate the formation of racialized class identities across a transimperially contested Pacific. Second, I argue that to better understand print capitalism, historians might direct their attention away from novels and newspapers, and instead toward the political economy of “jobbing”—the production of cards, envelopes, labels, posters, menus, and other non-codex print artifacts. Jobbing’s political economy spanned a network of Pacific port towns including Yokohama, Melbourne, and San Francisco. The uneven development of lithographic expertise essential to modern jobbing placed Japan in the position of offering finely printed designs for lower costs, leading American print shop owners to subcontract with Japanese artisans to produce works for Australian markets. It was these artifacts—advertisements, handbooks, placards, and other sales ephemera bearing Australian names and imagery, but made in Japan—that the VMPA protested. These protests crystallized in a “locative demand”: that printed artifacts attest to their original location of manufacture, and that this identity be used to regulate print circulation in a manner parallel to restrictions on non-white immigration. In this manner, jobbing in the Pacific thrust race and class into the limelight as mechanisms of reterritorialization that would resolve contradictions posed by the tangled transnational vectors of print capital itself.
Unveiling the structural content of NGC 6357 via kinematics and NIR variability
Authors: Ordenes-Huanca C , Zoccali M , Bayo A , Cuadra J , Contreras Ramos R , Rojas-Arriagada A
Published: August 2024

NGC 6357, a star-forming complex at $\sim 1.7$ kpc from the Sun, contains giant molecular clouds and three prominent star clusters alongside H ii regions, very massive stars and thousands of young stellar objects in different evolutionary stages. We present a combined infrared kinematic and time domain study of the line of sight towards this region enabled by the VVVX survey. In terms of kinematics, a novel discovery emerges an asymmetrical distribution in the vector point diagram. Some stars in the sample exhibit spatial proximity to dusty regions, with their proper motions aligned with filament projections, hinting at a younger population linked to triggered star formation. However, this distribution could also stem from an asymmetric stellar expansion event within NGC 6357, warranting further investigation. Comparing these data with Gaia revealed inconsistencies likely due to high-extinction levels in the region. Additionally, owing to accretion episodes and surface cool spots, young stars display high variability. Using the $K_{\rm s}$-band time series data, we overcome the extreme levels of extinction towards the region, and compile a catalogue of 774 infrared light curves of young stars. Each light curve has been characterized in terms of asymmetry and periodicity, to infer the dominant underlying physical mechanism. These findings are then correlated with evolutionary stages, aiming to uncover potential age disparities among the observed stars. This study contributes to our understanding the intricate dynamics and evolutionary processes within NGC 6357, offering valuable insights into the formation and development of stellar populations within such complex environments.
PCIS1, Encoded by a Pentatricopeptide Protein Co-expressed Gene, Is Required for Splicing of Three Mitochondrial nad Transcripts in Angiosperms
Authors: Frink Brody , Burger Matthias , Yarkoni Maya , Shevtsov-Tal Sofia , Zer Hagit , Yamaoka Shohei , Ostersetzer-Biran Oren , Takenaka Mizuki
Published: August 2024

Group II introns are large catalytic RNAs, which reside mainly within genes encoding respiratory complex I (CI) subunits in angiosperms’ mitochondria. Genetic and biochemical analyses led to the identification of many nuclear-encoded factors that facilitate the splicing of the degenerated organellar introns in plants. Here, we describe the analysis of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) co-expressed intron splicing-1 (PCIS1) factor, which was identified in silico by its co-expression pattern with many PPR proteins. PCIS1 is well conserved in land plants but has no sequence similarity with any known protein motifs. PCIS1 mutant lines are arrested in embryogenesis and can be maintained by the temporal expression of the gene under the embryo-specific ABI3 promoter. The pABI3::PCIS1 mutant plants display low germination and stunted growth phenotypes. RNA-sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR analyses of wild-type and mutant plants indicated that PCIS1 is a novel splicing cofactor that is pivotal for the maturation of several nad transcripts in Arabidopsis mitochondria. These phenotypes are tightly associated with respiratory CI defects and altered plant growth. Our data further emphasize the key roles of nuclear-encoded cofactors that regulate the maturation and expression of mitochondrial transcripts for the biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system, and hence for plant physiology. The discovery of novel splicing factors other than typical RNA-binding proteins suggests further complexity of splicing mechanisms in plant mitochondria.
Severe haematological involvement in children with systemic lupus erythematosus and clinical associations
Authors: Kisaoglu Hakan , Sener Seher , Demirbas Kaan Can , Yigit Yasemin Demir , Garipcin Pinar , Coşkun Serkan , Kacmaz Hatice Melisa , Kisla Ekinci Rabia Miray , Ozturk Kubra , Koker Oya , Ucak Kubra , Tuncez Serife , Kilbas Gulsah , Karacayir Nihal , Baykal Gulcan Ozomay , Taskın Sema Nur , Bozkaya Burcu , Baba Ozge , Demir Selcan , Basaran Ozge , Sahin Sezgin , Baglan Esra , Sahin Nihal , Gungorer Vildan , Kısaarslan Aysenur Pac , Sozeri Betul , Yuksel Selcuk , Bakkaloglu Sevcan , Balat Ayse , Gurgoze Metin Kaya , Kasapcopur Ozgur , Ozen Seza , Kalyoncu Mukaddes
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To investigate the severe haematological involvement in children with SLE and assess its clinical associations, treatments, outcome and damage accrual.

Methods

The medical charts of children with SLE in whom haematological involvement was observed were reviewed. Severe haematological indices were defined as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with a haemoglobin concentration < 8 g/dL, thrombocyte count < 30 000/µL, and neutrophil count < 500/µL.

Results

Among the 224 patients included, 102 (45.5%) displayed severe indices, predominantly at the initial involvement, and most frequently as severe anaemia in 54 (24.1%) and severe thrombocytopenia in 45 (20.1%). Disease activity did not differ according to the presence of severe disease indices. In addition, the presence of severe indices at initial involvement did not affect the damage accrual. However, a higher rate of damage (51.1% vs. 29.9%, p = 0.002) and steroid-induced damage (28.9% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.001) was evident in patients with flares of the haematological system. Regression analysis revealed that rituximab treatment during the initial episode (OR:4.5, p = 0.006) and the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (OR:2.3, p = 0.014) significantly increases the odds for haematological system flare. However, severe indices at initial involvement did not increase the odds of a haematological flare.

Conclusion

Severe haematological indices at onset are common but not related with disease outcomes. Prevention of flares is important to improve outcomes, and a more rigorous maintenance strategy would benefit most to children who display haematological indices refractory to conventional immunosuppressants and those with anti-cardiolipin antibodies.
Quercetin alleviates 6-OHDA-caused apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Pakrashi Sourav , Chakraborty Joyeeta , Bandyopadhyay Jaya
Published: August 2024

Aim

This study is primarily designed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of polyphenol against 6-OHDAcaused neurotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cells.

Materials and Methods

Cytotoxic effect of 6-OHDA and valuable role of quercetin, myricetin and kaempferol on SH-SY5Y cells were analyzed by MTT assay. Generation of 6-OHDA-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using DCFDA fluorescence dye. Alteration of 6-OHDA-caused mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear condensation was investigated with the help of rhodamine-123 and hoechest stain. Immunoblotting was performed to detect the expression level of 6-OHDA-caused alpha-synuclein (á-syn), Bcl-2 associated protein X (BAX), caspase 3, cleaved Poly ADP – ribose polymerase (PARP) and Bcell lymphoma 2 proteins (Bcl-2).

Result

Through MTT assay, quercetin was selected over myricetin and kaempferol to counter 6-OHDA-caused cell death. The research delves into unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity, encompassing alterations in cellular morphology, escalation of oxidative stress, perturbation in mitochondrial membrane potential, and nuclear condensation. Exposure to 6-OHDA is implicated in the upregulation of á-syn protein, contributing to the aggravation of neurotoxicity. Concurrently, 6-OHDA orchestrates the apoptotic pathway by upregulating the expression of proapoptotic proteins such as BAX, caspase 3, and PARP, while down regulating the expression of the Bcl-2, affirming its role in apoptosis induction. Quercetin demonstrated ability to attenuate the expression of á-syn in the presence of 6-OHDA-caused injury in SH-SY5Y cells.

Conclusion

Taken together, these findings collectively underscore the therapeutic potential of quercetin as a promising agent against neurotoxicity caused by 6-OHDA.
Taurine exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects against pyraclostrobin exposure in rats
Authors: Serim Ibrahim , Demirel Hasan Huseyin , Zemheri-Navruz Fahriye , Ince Sinan
Published: August 2024

Pyraclostrobin, a strobilurin-derived fungicide, causes oxidative stress and DNA damage in the organism. Taurine plays an important role in metabolic processes such as osmoregulatory, cytoprotective, and antioxidant effects. The study aimed to investigate the protective effect of taurine in Sprague Dawley male rats exposed to pyraclostrobin. The rats were separated into 6 groups and were found 8 animals in each group. Rats were given 30 mg/kg pyraclostrobin and pyraclostrobin together with three different taurine concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) via oral gavage for 28 days. While pyraclostrobin increased biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage, it decreased glutathione levels and enzyme activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Pyraclostrobin increased apoptotic, proinflammatory, and CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels, whereas antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels decreased in liver tissue. Additionally, pyraclostrobin caused histopathological alterations in tissues. Taurine in a dose-dependent manner reversed the changes caused by pyraclostrobin. As a result, taurine exhibited a cytoprotective effect by showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities against oxidative damage caused by pyraclostrobin.
Interspecies Expression of an EF-HAND CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN in Xanthomonas perforans Leads to Reduced Virulence and Decreased Immune Evasion in Tomato Plants
Authors: Bibi Shaheen , Minsavage Gerald V. , Figueiredo J. , Timilsina Sujan , Margin Kayla , Quay Juliana , Bendure Hannah , Ryerson Elizabeth , Calloway Cliff , Andring Jacob , Subedi Aastha , McKenna Robert , Gulig Paul , Goss Erica M. , Hurlbert Jason C. , Jones Jeffrey B.
Published: August 2024

Many phytopathogenic bacteria require a type III secretion system (TTSS) to activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). We identified a calcium-binding protein, EfhXXfa, in the citrus pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. aurantifolii that does not require a TTSS to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tomato leaves following infection. Purified, recombinant EfhXXfa was shown to bind two moles of calcium per mole of protein, whereas mutation of the first of two EF-hands did not bind calcium. EfhXXfa expression was determined to be inducible in hrp-inducing medium. Additionally, growth of X. perforans transconjugants with and without the efhXXfa gene in hrp-inducing medium differed in intracellular calcium concentration; the transconjugant without efhXXfa yielded higher cell pellet masses and higher increased intracellular calcium concentrations relative to cells expressing EfhXXfa. An EfhXXfa homolog, EfhXXe, present in the pepper pathogen X. euvesicatoria, triggered ROS production and an HR in tomato leaves when expressed in the tomato pathogen X. perforans and is a host-limiting factor. Interestingly, all tested X. perforans and X. euvesicatoria strains pathogenic on tomato contain a stop codon immediately upstream of the first EF-hand domain in the efhXXe gene, whereas most X. euvesicatoria strains pathogenic on pepper do not.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Feasibility and long-term survival of proximal gastrectomy after neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced proximal gastric cancer: A propensity-score-matched analysis
Authors: Gu Tingfei , Wang Yinkui , Wu Zhouqiao , He Ning , Li Yingai , Shan Fei , Li Ziyu , Ji Jiafu
Published: August 2024

Background:

Neoadjuvant therapy enhances the possibility of achieving radical resection and improves the prognosis for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal extent of resection for locally advanced proximal GC after neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods:

In this study, 330 patients underwent resection in Peking University Cancer Hospital, with curative intent after neoadjuvant therapy for histologically confirmed proximal GC from January 2009 to December 2022. Among them, 45 patients underwent proximal gastrectomy (PG), while 285 underwent total gastrectomy (TG).

Results:

In this study, 45 patients underwent proximal gastrectomy (PG), while 285 underwent total gastrectomy (TG). After propensity-score matching, 110 patients (71 TG and 39 PG) were included in the analysis. No significant differences between PG and TG regarding short-term outcomes and long-term prognosis were found. Specifically, PG demonstrated comparable overall survival to TG (P = 0.47). Subgroup analysis revealed that although not statistically significant, PG showed a potential advantage over TG in overall survival for patients with tumor-long diameters less than 4 cm (P = 0.31). However, for those with a long diameter larger than 4 cm, TG had a better survival probability (P = 0.81). No substantial differences were observed in baseline characteristics, surgical safety, postoperative recovery, and postoperative complications.

Conclusion:

For locally advanced proximal GC with objective response to neoadjuvant therapy (long diameter <4 cm), PG is an alternative surgical procedure. Further research and prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and guide clinical decision-making.
Malignant hypertension in a patient with Turner syndrome: A case report
Authors: Yang Ying , Ye Yong , Wang Huibo , Wu Hui , Zhang Jing , Lv Zhiyang , Li Wen , Yang Jian
Published: August 2024

Rationale:

Turner syndrome is characterized by complete or partial loss of the second sex chromosome. In patients with Turner syndrome, hypertension is well described. However, the literature regarding malignant hypertension is scarce. Therefore, an accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment are important.

Patient concerns:

A 13-year-old female with Turner syndrome presented to the emergency department with malignant hypertension, headache, spraying vomiting, convulsion, and loss of consciousness. Considering her medical history, symptoms, and auxiliary examination, secondary hypertension (primary reninism) was suspected, but without any occupying or hyperplasia in renal and adrenal.

Diagnosis:

A type of secondary hypertension, primary reninism.

Interventions:

The patient was immediately transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit. Subsequently, she was given nifedipine 0.35 mg/kg and captopril 0.35mg/kg to reduce blood pressure (BP), mannitol and furosemide to reduce cranial pressure, and phenobarbital and midazolam to terminate restlessness successively. Three hours later, the BP was consistently higher than 170/120 mm Hg, sodium nitroprusside was pumped intravenously, then, giving oral drug transition. Finally, she was given Valsartan-Amlodipine Tablets (I) (80 mg valsartan and 5 mg amlodipine per day) and bisoprolol (2.5 mg per day).

Outcomes:

For 2.5 years of follow-up, the BP reduced to 110–130/60–85 mm Hg, heart rate ranged between 65 and 80 bpm, and she could go to school without any headache, convulsion, and syncope.

Lessons:

The clinical phenotype of Turner syndrome is complex and varied, affecting multiple systems and organs. Turner syndrome with malignant hypertension is rare, so we should systematically evaluate secondary hypertension, target-organ damage, and accompanied by standard management when Turner syndrome presents with hypertension.
Optical molecular imaging in cancer research: current impact and future prospect
Authors: Li Yinuo , Li Zihan , Li Yuting , Gao Xiaofan , Wang Tian , Ma Xiangyi , Wu Mingfu
Published: August 2024

Cancer has long been a major threat to human health. Recent advancements in molecular imaging have revolutionized cancer research by enabling early and precise disease localization, essential for effective management. In particular, optical molecular imaging is an invaluable cancer detection tool in preoperative planning, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative monitoring owing to its noninvasive nature, rapid turnover, safety, and ease of use. The tumor microenvironment and cells within it express distinct biomarkers. Optical imaging technology leverages these markers to differentiate tumor tissues from surrounding tissues and capture real-time images with high resolution. Nevertheless, a robust understanding of these cancer-related molecules and their dynamic changes is crucial for effectively managing cancer. Recent advancements in optical molecular imaging technologies offer novel approaches for cancer investigation in research and practice. This review investigates the modern optical molecular imaging techniques employed in both preclinical and clinical research, including bioluminescence, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, photoacoustic imaging, and Raman spectroscopy. We explore the current paradigm of optical molecular imaging modalities, their current status in preclinical cancer research and clinical applications, and future perspectives in the fields of cancer research and treatment.
Cadherin-26 drives macrophage alternative activation via suppressing STUB1-mediated IL-4Rα ubiquitination in asthma
Authors: Chen Gongqi , Chen Shengchong , Huang Chunli , Gu Wei , Jie Huiru , Zhao Lu , Kong Weiqiang , Gao Jiali , Feng Yuchen , Yi Lingling , Gao Peisong , Zhen Guohua
Published: August 2024

Introduction

IL-4 receptor (IL-4R)-mediated alternative activation of macrophage drives type 2 airway inflammation. Cadherin-26 (CDH26) upregulates epithelial type II IL-4R signaling in asthma. However, whether CDH26 contributes to type I IL-4R-mediated macrophage activation and the mechanism by which CDH26 upregulates IL-4R expression remains unknown.

Methods

CDH26 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells of asthma patients was examined using quantitative PCR and immunostaining. Airway inflammation and macrophage activation were assessed in ovalbumin-sensitized and challengedCdh26fl/flLyz2Creand control mice. Mechanistic experiments included IL-4Rα degradation and ubiquitination assay, CDH26 co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis.Cdh26siRNA encapsulated lipid nanoparticles were used to treat the mouse model.

Results

CDH26 expression was enhanced in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with eosinophilic asthma and was localized to macrophages. Airway eosinophilia, mucous cell metaplasia and macrophage alternative activation were significantly suppressed in ovalbumin-challengedCdh26fl/flLyz2Cremice compared to control mice.Cdh26deficiency inhibited the expression of M2 markers as well as IL-4Rα expression in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages, cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages, and primary lung macrophages. Furthermore, CDH26 knockdown enhanced whereas CDH26 overexpression suppressed IL-4Rα ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in vitro. Mechanistically, CDH26 directly interacts with STUB1 and suppresses the binding of STUB1 to IL-4Rα and subsequent ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation.Cdh26siRNA encapsulated lipid nanoparticles markedly alleviated airway eosinophilia, mucus metaplasia and macrophage alternative activation in the mouse model.

Conclusions

CDH26 interacts with STUB1 and suppresses STUB1-mediated IL-4Rα ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation, thereby amplifying IL-4R signaling in macrophages in asthma. CDH26 is a potential therapeutic target for asthma.

Take-Home Message

Macrophage CDH26 is upregulated in asthma patients, andCdh26deficiency suppresses macrophage alternative activation. CDH26 directly interacts with STUB1 and inhibits STUB1-mediated IL-4Rα ubiquitination and degradation, thus amplifying IL-4R signaling.
ARPE-19 Epithelial Cells Fail To Initiate Type-I Interferon Signaling in Response to Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Andrade-Medina Mariana , Greco Todd M. , Cristea Ileana M. , Oberstein Adam
Published: August 2024

ARPE-19 cells are a commonly used epithelial model for studying human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. We recently found that ARPE-19 cells assume a mesenchymal phenotype when maintained at low confluency and that ARPE-19 cells resemble mesenchymal fibroblasts rather than epithelial cells in HCMV infection assays. Here, using comparative proteomics analysis, we find that subconfluent ARPE-19 cells are also deficient in their ability to initiate canonical type-I interferon signaling. Comparative proteomic analysis between subconfluent ARPE-19 and MRC-5 cells revealed a lack of canonical type-I interferon response in ARPE-19 cells upon HCMV infection, evidenced by the absence of interferon stimulated gene (ISG) induction. qRT-PCR and RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that ARPE-19 cells fail to initiateinterferon-betatranscription in response to HCMV infection, yet they are competent to respond to exogenously interferon-b, indicating a failure in early pathogen detection. ARPE-19 cells showed low baseline levels of key intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as CGAS and IFI16, as well as the signaling molecule STING. This deficiency was associated with a failure to activate IRF3 phosphorylation, a crucial step in interferon signaling. These findings suggest an upstream defect in the early detection of viral components, likely due to reduced expression of critical PRRs. ARPE-19 cells may be inherently deficient in initiating interferon responses due to their derivation or possibly due to their origin from an immune-privileged tissue. Our results continue to highlight important phenotypic characteristics of the ARPE-19 cell line; important considerations for those using ARPE-19 cells as an experimental infection model for studying HCMV or other human viruses.
Improved modeling for dark photon detection with dish antennas
Authors: Gué Jordan , Hees Aurélien , Wolf Peter , Savalle Etienne , Chevalier Laurent , Brun Pierre
Published: August 2024

A vector dark matter candidate, also known as dark photon, would induce an oscillating electric field through kinetic mixing. One detection strategy uses a spherical reflector to focus the induced emission at its center of curvature. First, we investigate the effects of diffraction in this type of experiment from an analytical standpoint, making use of the Kirchhoff integral theorem in the low-curvature dish limit. Next, we estimate the impact of mode matching, in the case of detection by a pyramidal horn antenna. We show that the expected signal intensity can be significantly reduced compared to usual estimates. Our method is applied to the reinterpretation of the SHUKET experiment data, the results of which are shown to be degraded by a factor of ∼50 due to both diffraction and mode matching. The analytical method allows optimizing some experimental parameters to gain sensitivity in future runs. Our results can be applied to any dish antenna experiment using a low-curvature reflector.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Making a big splash: packaging imagery with implied motion enhances product liking through design appeal and naturalness perception
Authors: Lidón López Iván , Gil-Pérez Ignacio , Rebollar Rubén , Díez-Calvo Susana , Heras-Romanos Elena
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate how implying movement in food packaging imagery may affect product liking. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism is investigated by studying the effect of implied motion visuals on design appeal and naturalness perception.

Design/methodology/approach

Two packages of pineapple juice were designed in which the implied motion depicted in their imagery was manipulated, and a tasting experiment was conducted in which two samples of the same juice were evaluated.

Findings

The results show that the effect of packaging imagery on product liking occurs indirectly through both design appeal and the product naturalness perception. The results of a parallel multiple-mediator analysis show that (1) depicting implied motion made the package be perceived as more appealing, (2) the product corresponding to the package depicting implied motion was perceived as being more natural, and (3) both effects equally contributed to the positive effect of visuals depicting implied motion on product liking.

Originality/value

Overall, these findings widen our understanding of the effects of packaging design on product liking and may help both designers and manufacturers design more appropriate packaging for their products.
Supply risk management and timely completion of force account construction projects among local government authorities in Dodoma, Tanzania
Authors: Mwaiseje Shadrack Samwel , Mchopa Alban Dismas , Panga Faustine Peter
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The study’s purpose is to contribute to the supply risk management literature by examining its implications in Tanzania, specifically in the timely completion of force account construction projects in Local Government Authorities (LGAs).

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey design was employed to gather data from 318 respondents in primary schools within the Dodoma region. A covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) structural equation modelling was employed to examine the relationship of the variables.

Findings

The study’s findings underscore the crucial role of supply risk management, including multi-sourcing, effective supplier selection, post-qualification of suppliers, and effective communication with suppliers in the timely completion of FA construction projects. Notably, effective supplier selection emerges as the most influential factor, significantly contributing to the timely completion of these projects.

Research limitations/implications

The study focused on LGAs in Tanzania. It is important to exercise caution when making broad generalizations about the findings. Also, the study was based on a cross sectional survey design; future research could consider a longitudinal design approach.

Practical implications

This study offers practical insights for procurement practitioners and members of the Force Account committee in the public sector, offering guidance on how to improve the management of supply risks and, consequently, enhance the timely completion of construction projects.

Originality/value

This study stands out in the literature by examining the implications of supply risk management on the timely completion of force account construction projects in Tanzania. It significantly enriches the existing knowledge of supply risk management, particularly in the context of effective supplier selection in public procurement. These insights are of great value to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the field.
Fire hazard management in dining properties: a case study
Authors: Hassanain Mohammad A. , Sawalha Haitham , Hamida Mohammad B. , Alshibani Adel , Zami Mohammad Sharif
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper explores the relevant fire code requirements and outlines the development of an evaluation tool based on these codes to evaluate fire safety measures in dining properties.

Design/methodology/approach

Existing literature was examined to identify the combustible materials, fire causes and factors making these properties prone to fire incidents. An evaluation method, based on code regulations, for ensuring fire safety in dining properties was then developed and tested on a specific dining facility to validate its practicality.

Findings

Forty requirements, grouped into seven categories, were identified for ensuring fire safety in dining properties. The case study exposed multiple violations of fire safety, leading to corrective measures for enhancing the fire safety status of the building.

Practical implications

This study introduced a methodical approach for raising awareness, among property managers of dining properties, about fire incidences and their consequences. It presents an evaluation tool for assessing the compliance level with fire codes and standards.

Originality/value

Dining properties are facilities that offer both dine-in and take-out food services. Given the increasing number of fire incidents in dining properties worldwide, there is a substantial demand for a process to audit the adherence to fire safety codes in these properties. This study presents a systematic approach to increase public knowledge of fire events and their effects in dining properties.
Social inclusion practices in the upstream supply chain: a systematic literature review
Authors: Castre-de Chabot Svetlana , Ruel Salomée , Jaegler Anicia , Gold Stefan
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) on social inclusion within upstream supply chains, targeting a notable literature gap in modern SCM discourse. By delving into this critical, yet underexamined, domain, this study spotlights the pressing need to incorporate social inclusion practices, particularly as global supply chains face increased scrutiny over their social ramifications. It examines social inclusion’s intricacies, offering practical insights for industry professionals to adopt, so that trustworthy social inclusion practices can proliferate across their upstream supply chains, thereby making a substantial contribution to both theoretical understanding and practical application.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing five search queries across two leading academic databases, this investigation reviewed 86 articles that examined social issues related to social inclusion in the upstream supply chain. Via content analysis, this study aims to answer essential research questions and employs statistical bibliometric analyses to investigate the collected data further.

Findings

This study’s findings establish a definition of social inclusion within the upstream supply chain and present a conceptual framework delineating levers and indicators for evaluating such practices. Through rigorous analysis, it becomes apparent that mechanisms such as supplier compliance, collaboration and development are crucial for promoting social inclusion; however, their importance differs at various levels of suppliers in multi-tiered supply chains. Furthermore, a methodological matrix is introduced for assessing social inclusion practices’ efficacy, equipping practitioners with a roadmap for developing and executing strategies that extend social inclusion efforts throughout the supply chain, as well as emphasising these levers through monitoring, assessment and application of six specified indicators.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the dialogue surrounding upstream supply chain management by spotlighting social inclusion practices, addressing the literature gap in comprehending how social inclusion dynamics operate within upstream supply chains and outlining a distinct direction for forthcoming research. By highlighting the pressing importance of enhancing social inclusion practices, this study not only enriches the theoretical landscape but also lays the groundwork for subsequent empirical studies aimed at deciphering the complexities and practical hurdles associated with the efficient execution of these practices.
The effect of leadership self-efficacy on the decision to be a school principal: the mediating roles of motivation-to-lead and worries-about-leadership
Authors: Arastaman Gökhan , Fidan Tuncer , Ayyıldız Pınar , Kurt Türker
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the relationship between leadership self-efficacy and the decision to be a school principal and the mediating effects of motivation-to-lead and worries-about-leadership in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 375 teachers working in public high schools in Ankara, Türkiye participated in this cross-sectional predictive study. Descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling and bootstrapping were used in the analysis of the data.

Findings

Leadership self-efficacy was found to increase both motivation-to-lead and worries-about-leadership. Motivation-to-lead positively influenced the decision to be a school principal, whereas worries-about-leadership did so negatively. Furthermore, leadership self-efficacy had an indirect positive effect on the decision to be a school principal through motivation-to-lead and worries-about-leadership.

Practical implications

Based on the findings, it is recommended to offer teachers training programs on school administration and leadership. Furthermore, we suggested providing teachers with administrative internship and mentorship opportunities to help them gain field experience and benefit from the experiences of incumbent school principals in school leadership.

Originality/value

This study confirmed that theoretical assumptions about self-efficacy are also relevant in the decision-making process regarding the school principalship: leadership self-efficacy can be the source of both motivation and worry. This study also implied that teachers make their choices about the school principalship by considering the potential advantages and disadvantages of the position.
The impact of remote auditing on audit quality: the moderating role of technology readiness
Authors: Alma’aitah Ruba Taleb , Al-Hajaya Krayyem , Sawan Nedal , Alzeban Abdulaziz
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of remote auditing on audit quality and explore the moderating role of both the client’s and the audit firm’s technology readiness in this interaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected through a questionnaire survey distributed to 360 audit professionals in Jordan, resulting in 208 valid responses. The data was analysed using SmartPLS – structural equation modelling.

Findings

The results showed that remote auditing significantly and positively affect audit quality. This study found that the technology readiness of both the audit firm and the client greatly influences audit quality. Notably, the technology readiness of the client positively enhances the relationship between remote auditing and audit quality, while the technology readiness of the audit firm does not play such a role.

Practical implications

The findings are of value to policymakers in terms of the positive impact of remote auditing on audit quality, and the role of technology readiness in this regard. In particular, they allow policymakers and regulators of audit profession to make informed and relevant decisions pertaining to the adoption of remote auditing. The findings also indicate the significance for audit firms and business institutions to pay special attention to developing their technology capabilities to keep abreast of rapid technology advancements, ensuring the maximum benefits for auditing profession, thereby enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness.

Originality/value

The importance of this study lies in its unique contribution to bridging the research gap related to understanding the pivotal role of technology readiness in enhancing the relationship between the use of remote auditing and the achievement of high audit quality.
Shariah compliance fatigue and earnings quality: evidence from MENA
Authors: Satt Harit , Iatridis George
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This research aims to examine the relations between Shariah compliance and earnings quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors study three Shariah features: Shariah compliance status, level of Shariah compliance (H-Score) and Shariah compliance persistence. The sample consists of 463 firms from the Middle East and North Africa from 2011 to 2018. A variable determining the level of Shariah compliance was created in accordance with the methodology of S&P 500 Shariah and its underlying index, S&P 500. Then, a probate relapse study was created to identify the link between Shariah compliance and earnings quality.

Findings

Results show that Shariah-compliant firms engage in lower earnings management compared to their Shariah-non-compliant counterparts. This paper reveals that Shariah compliance status and high level of Shariah compliance have significant positive association with earnings quality. The authors also find novel evidence that persistence of the Shariah-compliant status has a significant negative association with earnings quality.

Practical implications

This study only examines firms listed on MENA stock markets. It is recommended to further study different markets in addition to the emerging Arab markets in order to compare and contrast the results. Further, larger sample observations from a greater date range can be used.

Originality/value

Few studies have examined the earnings management behavior of Shariah-compliant firms vs Shariah-non-compliant ones in emerging markets; however, no study has focused on Shariah-compliant firms and their level of Shariah compliance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which uses all four proxies for earnings quality in association with Shariah compliance and used new Shariah variables such as Level of Shariah Compliance and Persistent Shariah Compliance status.
Harnessing the power of nature exposure to mitigate adolescents' Internet addiction: A chain mediation model
Authors: Wang Bochen , Zhao Baobao , Han Cijie , Tang Yuhan , Jin Cancan
Published: August 2024

Previous studies have focused more on the facilitating effect of nature exposure on positive behavioural consequences. However, less attention has been paid to whether nature exposure can inhibit internalized problem behaviours, such as Internet addiction. Within the framework of the stimuli‐organism‐response theory, the present study examined the relationship between nature exposure and Internet addiction and investigated the mediating roles of anthropomorphism of nature and awe. In China, we recruited 1469 adolescents (mean age = 13.90 years old, SD = 0.59, 53.2% girls). Mediation analyses indicated that awe partially mediated the relationship between nature exposure and adolescents' Internet addiction. The anthropomorphism of nature and awe served as sequential mediating roles in the relationship between nature exposure and adolescents' Internet addiction. This study provides a nature‐based perspective on the prevention and intervention of adolescents' Internet addiction.
Solvatochromic, computational chemical and E/Z geometrical isomerism studies on some aryl‐hydrazones synthesised by reacting of aryldiazonium chlorides with 6‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one
Authors: Moradi Rufchahi Enayatollah , Mirsadeghi Fatemeh Ashuri
Published: August 2024

A series of 3‐(2‐aryl‐hydrazone)‐quinolin‐2,4‐diones were synthesised by the reaction of aryldiazonium chlorides with 6‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one dissolved in water containing equimolar amount of sodium hydroxide. All the reactions were carried out at 0–5°C and the corresponding hydrazones were obtained in satisfactory yields and purified easily by recrystallisation from hot dimethylformamide. According to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐visible) results, there are two kinds of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these synthesised aryl‐hydrazones which enables the compounds to be rotated about the hydrazone C=N bond and through that leads to a reversible isomerisation between their E and Z configurations. The isomers populations and the rotation phenomenon can be controlled by changing the polarity of the solvents. The E/Z ratio of each synthesised compound was studied in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO‐d6) and, if soluble in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) and compared. The results reveal that a decrease in solvent polarity (upon changing the solvent from DMSO‐d6 to CDCl3) shifts the isomeric balance to Z‐geometrical form and substantially increase the E/Z ratio. A density functional theory (DFT) analysis regarding highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), HOMO −1, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and LUMO +1 has been conducted and discussed. The results obtained from DFT calculations at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory, demonstrated that the hydrazone tautomeric forms are more stable with the lowest total energy and showed a good agreement with the experimental findings in both gas and solution states. As it is expectable, DFT calculation in CDCl3 and DMSO‐d6 indicate that the dipole moments of the Z configurations are significantly higher than those of the E structures.
Featured Cover
Authors: Xu Changling , Zhang Liyan , Zhou Yinyi , Du Haoliang , Qi Jieyu , Tan Fangzhi , Peng Li , Gu Xingliang , Li Nianci , Sun Qiuhan , Zhang Ziyu , Lu Yicheng , Qian Xiaoyun , Tong Busheng , Sun Jiaqiang , Chai Renjie , Shi Yi
Published: August 2024

The cover image is based on the article Pcolce2 overexpression promotes supporting cell reprogramming in the neonatal mouse cochlea by Changling Xu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.13633.

image
Computed tomographic observations of short incomplete parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Vos Jannick R. , Smith Matthew R. W.
Published: August 2024

Background

Short incomplete parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx are common injuries described in racehorses and also horses not used for racing. Computed tomographic (CT) features have been described in horses not used for racing, but not in a racehorse population.

Objectives

To describe CT features of short incomplete parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in a group of Thoroughbred racehorses.

Study design

Retrospective observational study.

Methods

CT images of 59 Thoroughbred racehorses diagnosed with 60 short incomplete parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx examined between January 2014 and February 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. Horse signalment and clinical features were retrieved from hospital records.

Results

50/60 fractures were dorsally biased unicortical fractures. Mean proximodistal fracture extension in forelimbs (13.6 mm ± 3.4) was less than in hindlimbs (17.4 mm ± 4.4) (p = 0.0019). There was no difference in fracture extension in the proximodistal direction according to age or gender. Fractures in 2‐year‐olds were shorter in dorsopalmar/−plantar direction (17.4 mm ± 6.3) than in 3‐year‐olds and older horses (21.7 mm ± 7.4) (p = 0.015). Periosteal new bone was present in 91.2% of fractures and endosteal new bone in 75%.

Main limitations

Conclusions from this study can only confidently be applied to similar populations of racing Thoroughbred horses.

Conclusion

Short incomplete parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in Thoroughbred racehorses most commonly involve only the dorsal cortex and adjacent subchondral and cancellous bone. The distribution of fracture configurations differs from that described in horses not used for racing.