bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collision simulation of potato tubers for mechanized harvesting
Authors: Ping Zhao , Ruijin Guo , Tianci Jin , Guozhi Zhang , Ning Xiaofeng
Published: January 2023

The economic losses caused by collision damages during mechanical potato harvesting are significant. In this study, the simulation analysis method was used to investigate the factors affecting these mechanical damages. Taking the typical early maturing potato variety Zaodabai as an example, our test results indicated that its elastic modulus is 3.148 MPa, Poisson's ratio is 0.45, and biological yield stress is 1.183 MPa. An accurate three‐dimensional potato model was created using reverse engineering technology. On this basis, the effects of drop height, collision mode, and collision material on the mechanical potato damage were investigated using finite element analysis. The results indicated that the potato damage characteristics become more evident as the drop height increased. Analyzing the collision mode of mechanized potato harvesting revealed that the potato damage degree is the lowest in the double‐rod long axis collision mode. The collision damage degree between a potato and four common collision materials was determined from highest to lowest as follows: 65 Mn rod, 65 Mn rubber‐coated rod, potato, and soil. This research provides a data basis and reference for the design and development of potato harvester equipment, particularly for low‐damage potato harvesters.

Practical applications

As the fourth largest food crop in the world, potatoes have high economic value and are of great importance for food security. Collision damage in mechanized harvesting seriously reduces the quality and value of potatoes and causes large economic losses. Therefore, we aim to clarify the key factors affecting collision damage in mechanized harvesting. The influence of motion mode, collision height, collision method, and collision material on potato damage characteristics was investigated through simulation experiments. This study provides a data basis and reference methods for developing key components of high‐performance and low‐damage potato harvesters and serves as a reference for researching damage characteristics of other tuber, root, and bulb crops.
Are cognitive researchers ignoring their senses? The problem of sensory deficit in cognitive aging research
Authors: Abraham Alison G. , Hong Chris , Deal Jennifer A. , Bettcher Brianne M. , Pelak Victoria S. , Gross Alden , Jiang Kening , Swenor Bonnielin , Wittich Walter
Published: January 2023

Sensory impairments are common in older adult populations and have notable impacts on aging outcomes. Relationships between sensory and cognitive functions have been clearly established, though the mechanisms underlying those relationships are not fully understood. Given the growing burden of dementia, older adults with sensory deficits are an important and growing population to study in cognitive aging research. Yet, cognitive research sometimes excludes those with uncorrected significant/severe sensory deficits and often poorly or inconsistently assesses those deficits. Observational and interventional studies that exclude participants with sensory deficits will be limited in their generalizability to the narrower subset of the older adult population without vision or hearing impairment and may be missing an opportunity to study a growing population of older adults at higher risk of cognitive impairment. Strategies exist for adapting cognitive testing instruments, and inroads could be made into collecting normative data to inform ongoing research. Bringing together psychometricians with researchers who specialize in vision and hearing impairments could launch highly innovative research on both measurement methods and cognitive disease etiology, as sensory organs provide readily accessible neuronal and vascular beds that may show pathology earlier and elucidate innovative screening opportunities for early signs of cognitive disease.
High‐quality Fagopyrum esculentum genome provides insights into the flavonoid accumulation among different tissues and self‐incompatibility
Authors: He Qiang , Ma Dan , Li Wei , Xing Longsheng , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Yu , Du Cailian , Li Xuanzhao , Jia Zheng , Li Xiuxiu , Liu Jianan , Liu Ze , Miao Yuqing , Feng Rui , Lv Yang , Wang Meijia , Lu Hongwei , Li Xiaochen , Xiao Yao , Wang Ruyu , Liang Hanfei , Zhou Qinghong , Zhang Lijun , Liang Chengzhi , Du Huilong
Published: January 2023

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), the two most widely cultivated buckwheat species, differ greatly in flavonoid content and reproductive mode. Here, we report the first high‐quality and chromosome‐level genome assembly of common buckwheat with 1.2 Gb. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that common buckwheat underwent a burst of long terminal repeat retrotransposons insertion accompanied by numerous large chromosome rearrangements after divergence from Tartary buckwheat. Moreover, multiple gene families involved in stress tolerance and flavonoid biosynthesis such as multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) and chalcone synthase (CHS) underwent significant expansion in buckwheat, especially in common buckwheat. Integrated multi‐omics analysis identified high expression of catechin biosynthesis‐related genes in flower and seed in common buckwheat and high expression of rutin biosynthesis‐related genes in seed in Tartary buckwheat as being important for the differences in flavonoid type and content between these buckwheat species. We also identified a candidate key rutin‐degrading enzyme gene (Ft8.2377) that was highly expressed in Tartary buckwheat seed. In addition, we identified a haplotype‐resolved candidate locus containing many genes reportedly associated with the development of flower and pollen, which was potentially related to self‐incompatibility in common buckwheat. Our study provides important resources facilitating future functional genomics‐related research of flavonoid biosynthesis and self‐incompatibility in buckwheat.
Shadow Funding and Economic Growth: Evidence from China
Authors: FENG XU , AN XIAOWEN , AN YAHUI , XIAO YAJUN
Published: January 2023

Using popular liability‐side wealth management products in China, we construct an informative measure of shadow funding and shadow credit by extension. This measure reflects the risk appetites of financial intermediaries and their ability to expand their balance sheets through bank–shadow‐bank cooperation. Our measure possesses unique predictive power for future economic activity. An increase in the measure corresponds to increases in investment and consumption, which, in turn, reduce financing costs due to improvements in economic development.
Kinetics and pulses of zircon growth in migmatites beneath a volcanic arc: An example from the high‐T Ryoke Complex, southwest Japan
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuhiro , Ikeda Takeshi , Iwano Hideki , Hirata Takafumi , Danhara Tohru
Published: January 2023

We present an analysis of kinetics and pulses of zircon growth in migmatites formed at middle to lower crustal depths beneath a volcanic arc. Migmatites in high‐T metamorphic complexes at active continental margins, such as in the Ryoke Complex of southwest Japan, are thought to have been produced beneath volcanic arcs. Thermal models suggest that melt advection supplies the heat to form such high‐T complexes. We found that zircons in the migmatites of the Ryoke Complex grew in multiple discrete stages by rapid diffusion‐controlled growth. The individual growth pulses can be distinguished using a Gaussian mixture model when the duration of each growth pulse is shorter than 1σ of the analytical error of the zircon age dating, and where the interval between each growth pulse is larger than 2σ of them. This method allows extraction of the growth pulses even when the zircon exhibits incomplete textural evidence for multiple stages of growth. Application of the method to the Ryoke Complex revealed three and four pulses of zircon growth with 3–10 Myr intervals for two migmatite samples respectively in the Mikawa area and three pulses with 2–4 Myr intervals from one migmatite sample in the Yanai area. The detected zircon growth pulses are consistent with previously reported pulses of plutonic activity in the two areas, with the exception of the oldest growth pulse in the Mikawa area. Therefore, the growth pulses are interpreted to be the result of thermal pulses because of melt flux events at lower to middle crustal levels. The inferred intervals of pulsed melt fluxes are similar to those of individual caldera formation in coeval caldera clusters at the surface.
Association between anatomic variations of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts: Do look up!
Authors: Renzulli Matteo , Brandi Nicolò , Brocchi Stefano , Balacchi Caterina , Lanza Carolina , Pettinari Irene , Stefanini Bernardo , Carrafiello Giampaolo , Piscaglia Fabio , Golfieri Rita , Marasco Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Biliary anatomic variations are usually asymptomatic, but they may cause problems in diagnostic investigations and interventional and surgical procedures, increasing both their technical difficulty and their postoperative complication rates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of anatomic variations in the intrahepatic biliary ducts (IHBD) in relation to demographical and clinical characteristics in a large study population requiring magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for various clinical conditions. The possible association between IHBD and extrahepatic biliary ducts (EHBD) variants was then explored. From January 2017 to May 2019, 1004 patients underwent MRCP. Demographical and clinical data were collected. IHBD and EHBD anatomy were recorded and the EHBD anatomy was classified using both qualitative and quantitative classifications. The presence of a type 3 EHBD variant (an abnormal proximal cystic duct [CD] insertion) in both qualitative and quantitative classifications and an intrapancreatic CD were associated with the presence of IHBD variants at univariate analysis (p = 0.008, p = 0.019, and p = 0.001, respectively). The presence of a posterior or medial insertion of the CD into the EHBD was a strong predictive factor of the presence of IHBD variants both at uni‐ and multivariate analysis (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003 for posterior insertion and p = 0.002 and p = 0.002 for medial insertion, respectively). The presence of gallstones on MRCP resulted in a strong predictor of the presence of an anatomical variant of the IHBD both at uni‐ and multivariate analysis (p = 0.027 and p = 0.046, respectively). In conclusion, the presence of a type 3 variant of the EHBD, an intrapancreatic CD and, especially, a posterior/medial CD insertion into the EHBD represent predictive factors of the concomitant presence of IHBD variants, thus radiologists must be vigilant when encountering these EHBD configurations and always remember to “look up” at the IHBD. Finally, the presence of an IHBD variant is a strong predictive factor of gallstones.
Spinal arachnoid webs in adults: Clinical and imaging features in a multicenter study
Authors: Elkadi Seleem , Kraus Amanda , Krisanda Emily , Sayah Anousheh
Published: January 2023

Background and Purpose

Spinal arachnoid webs (SAWs) are rare and can present with myelopathic symptoms. This study aims to add 85 more cases of SAWs to the literature so we can continue to analyze clinical and imaging trends of SAWs to better understand this entity and its natural history.

Methods

An institutional review board‐approved retrospective review of SAW cases between 2016 and 2022 within a metropolitan, multihospital network was performed, searching for MR and CT reports that included “arachnoid web.” Of 108 identified reports, 85 patients had imaging and/or pathologically proven arachnoid webs. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Images were analyzed for SAW level, point of maximum kyphosis, presence of cord expansion, and signal intensity. The electronic medical record (EMR) was reviewed for age, sex, symptom presentation and duration, management, and outcomes.

Results

Of 85 cases, the most common presenting chief complaint was back pain and weakness. All (100%) SAWs were in the dorsal thoracic subarachnoid space, with 87% (74/85) located from thoracic (T) 2 to T6. Spinal cord expansion and signal abnormality were present in 54.1% and 23.5%, respectively. Twenty‐six underwent surgical resection with 20 showing improvement of at least one symptom.

Conclusion

We present 85 additional cases of SAWs to the existing literature. Our cases all occurred in the dorsal thoracic subarachnoid space, predominantly from T2 to T6. Patients present with symptoms like other causes of cord compression, and spinal MR studies should be evaluated routinely for the findings of SAWs. Further research could focus on understanding SAW prevalence, risk factors, and pathophysiology.
Siblings of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Quality of life perceptions from Catalonia
Authors: Múries‐Cantán Olga , Giné Climent , Brown Roy I. , Aguiar Natasha Baqués , Schippers Alice P.
Published: January 2023

Siblings' interactions and shared experiences influence their perceptions of quality of life. Recently, research about siblings of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities has been significantly expanded but data from Southern European countries is still missing. This research was carried out in Catalonia (northeast Spain) a region in the Mediterranean area with its own shared culture, language and traditions that equally embraces an important diversity of ethnicities and cultures. The main aim was to collect siblings' perceptions on quality of life from siblings' own voices. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 siblings aged 5–11 years old and thematically analyzed using the following domains: joint activities; mutual understanding; private time; acceptance; forbearance; trust in well‐being; exchanging experiences; social support; and dealing with the outside world. Siblings reported a variety of experiences in relation to having a brother or a sister with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), including unique characteristics of their quality of life perceptions. There were also some common factors amongst the siblings' experiences, such as the importance of being able to communicate properly with their brothers or sisters with I/DD. It emerged that having their own time with their parents was an important factor in their own development. This research echoes some siblings' beliefs that society needs to provide a conscious revision of values and ideas regarding disability. Implications for research and practice are described.
The austral biflagellate Chloromonas rubroleosa (Chlorophyceae) is the closest relative of the unusual quadriflagellate genus Chlainomonas, both found in snow
Authors: Novis Phil M. , Dhami Manpreet , Podolyan Anastasija , Matsumoto Maya , Kodner Robin
Published: January 2023

The quadriflagellate genus Chlainomonas frequently dominates red snow globally. It is unusual in several respects, with two separated pairs of flagella, apparent cell division via extrusion of cytoplasmic threads, and being nested phylogenetically within the biflagellate genus Chloromonas. Here, we showed that the austral species Chloromonas (Cr.) rubroleosa, originally described from Antarctic red snow, is a close biflagellate relative of Chlainomonas, challenging the monophyly of Chlainomonas as currently conceived. Sequences of the 18S rRNA gene robustly linked Cr. rubroleosa with near‐identical environmental sequences from Antarctic red snow and Chlainomonas from North America, Japan, and Europe. Furthermore, the 18S rRNA and rbcL gene sequences of Cr. rubroleosa were almost identical to New Zealand and North American collections of Chlainomonas. Cr. rubroleosa and New Zealand Chlainomonas are separated by only a single‐base substitution across the ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 rRNA loci (and according to ITS2, the North American collection is the next closest relative). This again raises the possibility that Chlainomonas is a life‐cycle stage of vegetatively biflagellate organisms, although this remains confounded by the scarcity of biflagellates in field populations, the apparent cell division by quadriflagellates, and the absence of Chlainomonas‐type cells in cultures of Cr. rubroleosa. The latter species is broadly similar to Chlainomonas, being poor at swimming, with similar pigment, chloroplast arrangement and ultrastructure, and is relatively large. Increased size is a feature of the wider clade of “Group D” snow algae. A synthesis of field and laboratory investigations may be needed to unravel the life cycle and correct the systematics of this group.
The peculiarity of the dialectical ideas of the Second Teacher, a prominent representative of the Muslim Renaissance
Authors: Imankul Zhabaikhan , Abdildin Zhabaikhan , Aubakirova Saltanat
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the development of dialectical concepts about the universe, being, metaphysics, scientific methods, and the knowledge of philosophers. The methods it uses are mainly theoretical and empirical methods, such as analysis and synthesis. Within the boundaries of the designated topic, it offers a systematic analysis of the historical periodization of Arab Muslim philosophy from the eighth century to the twentieth. The paper examines the activities of the prominent philosopher and mathematician Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad al‐Farabi, showing the circumstances of his borrowing certain forms, concepts, and structures from ancient Greek philosophers. The paper's main conclusion is that al‐Farabi is a Second Teacher in modern philosophy, meaning the continuation in his works of the search for a scientific approach to the study of various forms of being.
James and Carnap on philosophical systems and the role of temperaments
Authors: Simpson Shawn
Published: January 2023

The relationship between American pragmatism and logical empiricism is complicated at best. The received view is that by around the late 1930s or early 1940s pragmatism had been replaced, supplanted, or eclipsed by the younger and more logic‐oriented form of empiricism developed in interwar Vienna. Recently, however, this picture has been challenged, and this paper offers further reasons for thinking that the received view is inadequate. Through a critical examination of William James'sPragmatismand “The Sentiment of Rationality” and Rudolf Carnap's “Elimination of Metaphysics Through Logical Analysis of Language” and other works, the paper builds a case for the existence of a rather striking correspondence between the work of one of pragmatism's most vaunted figures and the thought of logical empiricism's most famous advocate. Not only were both philosophers interested in what might be called metaphilosophy or the psychology of philosophy, both held very similar deflationary views.
Health economic analysis of patients treated with isavuconazole in a German comprehensive cancer centre
Authors: Jeck Julia , Wingen‐Heimann Sebastian M. , Jakobs Florian , Kron Anna , Franz Jennifer , Cornely Oliver A. , Kron Florian
Published: January 2023

Background

Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) are life‐threatening and demand timely and appropriate treatment. Research showed that isavuconazole treatment positively affects clinical outcome and length of hospital stay (LOS).

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the hospital costs of patients diagnosed with IFD and treated with isavuconazole using real‐world data from a German cancer centre.

Patients/Methods

Data and LOS collected from Jan‐2016 to Jun‐2021 at Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne were retrieved. Case‐related resources consumed during the hospital stay across isavuconazole routes of administration (oral, parenteral, and mixed administration) were identified, quantified, valued and compared via a cost analysis that adopted the healthcare payer perspective.

Results

In total, 101 cases with isavuconazole treatment were identified (oral:n = 22, 21.8%; parenteral:n = 59, 58.4%; mixed:n = 20, 19.8%). Median total LOS was greater in the mixed group (46.5 days;p = .009). Median ICU LOS and ventilation duration were both longest in the parenteral‐only group (16 days,p = .008; 224 h,p = .003). Invasive aspergillosis was the most frequent isavuconazole indication (n = 86, 85.2%). Average hospital costs were highest in the mixed group (€ 101,226). The median overall costs of cases treated with isavuconazole was € 52,050.

Conclusions

Treating IFD is resource intensive, often requires intensive care and implies high rates of in‐hospital mortality. Our study emphasises the high hospital treatment costs and thus the need for reimbursement systems to enable live‐saving costly treatments.
Aortogenic emboli might play an important role in the development of delayed leukoencephalopathy after mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Ikeda Takumi , Sato Takeo , Komatsu Teppei , Sakai Kenichiro , Umehara Tadashi , Omoto Shusaku , Murakami Hidetomo , Mitsumura Hidetaka , Matsushima Satoshi , Makishima Rei , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Ishibashi Toshihiro , Murayama Yuichi , Iguchi Yasuyuki
Published: January 2023

A 76‐year‐old man developed delayed leukoencephalopathy 3 weeks after successful mechanical thrombectomy for middle cerebral artery occlusion. Pathological evaluation of the removed thrombus showed cholesterol clefts and fibrin with inflammatory cell infiltration, which were compatible with aortogenic embolism. Delayed leukoencephalopathy following recanalization in ischemic stroke has only been rarely reported, and the etiology in all the previously reported cases was cardioembolism, which is distinct from our case. Through this case, we considered that disruption of the blood–brain barrier caused by thrombus composed of cholesterol crystals and fibrin could be a trigger for delayed leukoencephalopathy. This case should provide better understanding of delayed leukoencephalopathy after acute ischemic stroke.
Motivations of Subsistence Farming in Hungary: Analysis of a Multi‐Factored Phenomenon☆
Authors: Kovách Imre , Megyesi Gergely Boldizsár
Published: January 2023

Our paper aims to explore the role of subsistence farming in Hungary by reviewing the literature, analyzing the primary data from a representative survey conducted in 2018 in Hungary and presenting two case‐studies. According to European and national‐level policy analysis, subsistence farming is a cornerstone of European agriculture, as it is a central element of a positive rural image. The paper is based on earlier theories on subsistence farming, and argues that it is worth analyzing the different factors influencing subsistence farming in order to better understand the motivations of participating in this kind of activity. The paper analyses the role of five different factors on subsistence farming: economic, societal, policy, discursive, and sustainability factors, and argues that, although all five factors are important in order to understand the phenomenon, economic and policy factors are the most important in this type of activity, while sustainability is almost imperceptible.
Fiscal risks and their impact on banks' capital buffers in South Africa
Authors: Makrelov Konstantin , Pillay Neryvia , Morule Bojosi
Published: January 2023

South Africa's fiscal balances have deteriorated significantly over the last decade, although the economy has been recording disappointing economic growth rates even prior to the COVID‐19 crisis. In this paper, we estimate a series of equations to test how sovereign risk premia affect capital buffers, while controlling for variables identified in the literature, such as size of banks and the economic cycle. Unlike other studies, we use actual capital buffers. We show that these are substantively different to the proxy buffers calculated using the common approach in the literature, indicating that results based on proxy measures should be interpreted with caution. Our overall results show a positive relationship between the sovereign risk premium and capital buffers. This suggests that banks are accumulating capital to mitigate against fiscal and other domestic policy risks. It is likely that this is contributing to higher lending rates.
Vector breathers in the Manakov system
Authors: Gelash Andrey , Raskovalov Anton
Published: January 2023

We study theoretically the nonlinear interactions of vector breathers propagating on an unstable wavefield background. As a model, we use the two‐component extension of the one‐dimensional focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation—the Manakov system. With the dressing method, we generate the multibreather solutions to the Manakov model. As shown previously in [D. Kraus, G. Biondini, and G. Kovačič, Nonlinearity 28(9), 3101, (2015)], the class of vector breathers is presented by three fundamental types I, II, and III. Their interactions produce a broad family of the two‐component (polarized) nonlinear wave patterns. First, we demonstrate that the type I and the types II and III correspond to two different branches of the dispersion law of the Manakov system in the presence of the unstable background. Then, we investigate the key interaction scenarios, including collisions of standing and moving breathers and resonance breather transformations. Analysis of the two‐breather solution allows us to derive general formulas describing phase and space shifts acquired by breathers in mutual collisions. The found expressions enable us to describe the asymptotic states of the breather interactions and interpret the resonance fusion and decay of breathers as a limiting case of infinite space shift in the case of merging breather eigenvalues. Finally, we demonstrate that only type I breathers participate in the development of modulation instability from small‐amplitude perturbations withing the superregular scenario, while the breathers of types II and III, belonging to the stable branch of the dispersion law, are not involved in this process.
Identifying hadronic molecular states with a neural network
Authors: Chen Chang , Chen Hao , Niu Wen-Qi , Zheng Han-Qing
Published: January 2023

Neural networks are trained to judge whether or not an exotic state is a hadronic molecule of a given channel according its line-shapes. This method performs well in both trainings and validation tests. As applications, it is applied to study X(3872), X(4260) and $$Z_c(3900)$$

Z
c

(
3900
)

. The results show that $$Z_c(3900)$$

Z
c

(
3900
)

should be regarded as a $${\bar{D}}^* D$$

D

¯

∗

D

molecular state but X(3872) not. As for X(4260), it can not be a molecular state of $$\chi _{c0}\omega $$

χ

c
0

ω

. Some discussions on $$X_1(2900)$$

X
1

(
2900
)

are also provided.
Micro-polar nanofluid in the presence of thermophoresis, hall currents, and Brownian motion in a rotating system
Authors: Jalili Payam , Narimisa Hossein , Jalili Bahram , Ganji D. D.
Published: January 2023

This study examined a rotating system by a micro-polar nanofluid between two parallel plates in the presence of magnetic and electric fields. The flow study has been performed in a steady-state. The governing equations of the present problem are transformed into nonlinear and coupled equations with appropriate similarity variables. The impacts of the Nusselt number, skin friction, and Sherwood number on temperature, velocity, and concentration distribution have been discussed. This research has mainly investigated the effects of the rotation, Brownian motion, thermophoresis analysis, and Hall current of micro-polar nanofluid. Results demonstrate for weak concentration [Formula: see text] and strong concentration [Formula: see text], that Nusselt number (Nu) increased with higher value of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and decreased when [Formula: see text], Sc and [Formula: see text] increased. Also, by increasing the [Formula: see text] and Sc numbers, the temperature profile is decreased and increased by increasing [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. In addition, at a higher value of the [Formula: see text], the velocity profile in the [Formula: see text]-direction increased because of increasing the fluid motion and by fast ionization, increasing the [Formula: see text] parameter raised the velocity profile in the [Formula: see text]-direction. There was a decrease in the velocity profile in the [Formula: see text]-direction and the micro-rotation velocity profile. Our results show that the method used is very efficient and practical for solving this category of coupled equations, and that the solution of higher-order nonlinear differential equations in engineering is very consistent. Also, by comparing the obtained results with the previous results, the obtained values differ by about 6%.
Magnetically-controlled spin filter and spin-polarized oscillations in a four-quantum-dot system
Authors: He Zelong , Ge Zeling , Qin Lin , Chen Kongfa
Published: January 2023

Spin polarization through a four-quantum-dot system is theoretically studied by considering the effects of Zeeman magnetic field, extrinsic Rashba spin–orbit interaction and external magnetic field. We analyze how the resonance and anti-resonance bands are formed by means of the mathematical formula. By adjusting the external magnetic field, the spin polarization can be converted between −100% and 100%, which suggests a physical scheme of an effective magnetically-controlled spin filter. The combined effect of external magnetic field and extrinsic Rashba spin–orbit interaction leads to spin-polarized oscillations. The introduction of the Zeeman magnetic field makes the system easier to be applied as a spin filter. This study provides theoretical insights into the realization of quantum computing, quantum information transmission and development of nanoscale quantum devices.
Cloud Multimedia Data Security by Optimization-Assisted Cryptographic Technique
Authors: Gadde Swetha , Amutharaj J. , Usha S.
Published: January 2023

Currently, the size of multimedia data is rising gradually from gigabytes to petabytes, due to the progression of a larger quantity of realistic data. The majority of big data is conveyed via the internet and they were accumulated on cloud servers. Since cloud computing offers internet-oriented services, there were a lot of attackers and malevolent users. They always attempt to deploy the private data of users without any right access. At certain times, they substitute the real data by any counterfeit data. As a result, data protection has turned out to be a noteworthy concern in recent times. This paper aims to establish an optimization-based privacy preservation model for preserving multimedia data by selecting the optimal secret key. Here, the encryption and decryption process is carried out by Improved Blowfish cryptographic technique, where the sensitive data in cloud server is preserved using the optimal key. Optimal key generation is the significant procedure to ensure the objectives of integrity and confidentiality. Likewise, data restoration is the inverse process of sanitization (decryption). In both the cases, key generation remains a major aspect, which is optimally chosen by a novel hybrid algorithm termed as “Clan based Crow Search with Adaptive Awareness probability (CCS-AAP). Finally, an analysis is carried out to validate the improvement of the proposed method.
TSSuBERT: How to Sum Up Multiple Years of Reading in a Few Tweets
Authors: Dusart Alexis , Pinel-Sauvagnat Karen , Hubert Gilles
Published: January 2023

The development of deep neural networks and the emergence of pre-trained language models such as BERT allow to increase performance on many NLP tasks. However, these models do not meet the same popularity for tweet stream summarization, which is probably because their computation limitation requires to drastically truncate the textual input.

Our contribution in this article is threefold. First, we propose a neural model to automatically and incrementally summarize huge tweet streams. This extractive model combines in an original way pre-trained language models and vocabulary frequency based representations to predict tweet salience. An additional advantage of the model is that it automatically adapts the size of the output summary according to the input tweet stream. Second, we detail an original methodology to construct tweet stream summarization datasets requiring little human effort. Third, we release the TES 2012-2016 dataset constructed using the aforementioned methodology. Baselines, oracle summaries, gold standard, and qualitative assessments are made publicly available.

To evaluate our approach, we conducted extensive quantitative experiments using three different tweet collections as well as an additional qualitative evaluation. Results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art ones. We believe that this work opens avenues of research for incremental summarization, which has not received much attention yet.
Localized Validation Accelerates Distributed Transactions on Disaggregated Persistent Memory
Authors: Zhang Ming , Hua Yu , Zuo Pengfei , Liu Lurong
Published: January 2023

Persistent memory (PM) disaggregation significantly improves the resource utilization and failure isolation to build a scalable and cost-effective remote memory pool in modern data centers. However, due to offering limited computing power and overlooking the bandwidth and persistence properties of real PMs, existing distributed transaction schemes, which are designed for legacy DRAM-based monolithic servers, fail to efficiently work on the disaggregated PM. In this article, we propose FORD, a
F
ast
O
ne-sided
R
DMA-based
D
istributed transaction system for the new disaggregated PM architecture. FORD thoroughly leverages one-sided remote direct memory access to handle transactions for bypassing the remote CPU in the PM pool. To reduce the round trips, FORD batches the read and lock operations into one request to eliminate extra locking and validations for the read-write data. To accelerate the transaction commit, FORD updates all remote replicas in a single round trip with parallel undo logging and data visibility control. Moreover, considering the limited PM bandwidth, FORD enables the backup replicas to be read to alleviate the load on the primary replicas, thus improving the throughput. To efficiently guarantee the remote data persistency in the PM pool, FORD selectively flushes data to the backup replicas to mitigate the network overheads. Nevertheless, the original FORD wastes some validation round trips if the read-only data are not modified by other transactions. Hence, we further propose a localized validation scheme to transfer the validation operations for the read-only data from remote to local as much as possible to reduce the round trips. Experimental results demonstrate that FORD significantly improves the transaction throughput by up to 3× and decreases the latency by up to 87.4% compared with state-of-the-art systems.
KVRangeDB: Range Queries for a Hash-based Key–Value Device
Authors: Qin Mian , Zheng Qing , Lee Jason , Settlemyer Bradley , Wen Fei , Reddy Narasimha , Gratz Paul
Published: January 2023

Key–value (KV) software has proven useful to a wide variety of applications including analytics, time-series databases, and distributed file systems. To satisfy the requirements of diverse workloads, KV stores have been carefully tailored to best match the performance characteristics of underlying solid-state block devices. Emerging KV storage device is a promising technology for both simplifying the KV software stack and improving the performance of persistent storage-based applications. However, while providing fast, predictable put and get operations, existing KV storage devices do not natively support range queries that are critical to all three types of applications described above.

In this article, we present KVRangeDB, a software layer that enables processing range queries for existing hash-based KV solid-state disks (KVSSDs). As an effort to adapt to the performance characteristics of emerging KVSSDs, KVRangeDB implements log-structured merge tree key index that reduces compaction I/O, merges keys when possible, and provides separate caches for indexes and values. We evaluated the KVRangeDB under a set of representative workloads, and compared its performance with two existing database solutions: a Rocksdb variant ported to work with the KVSSD, and Wisckey, a key–value database that is carefully tuned for conventional block devices. On filesystem aging workloads, KVRangeDB outperforms Wisckey by 23.7× in terms of throughput and reduce CPU usage and external write amplifications by 14.3× and 9.8×, respectively.
CacheSack: Theory and Experience of Google’s Admission Optimization for Datacenter Flash Caches
Authors: Yang Tzu-Wei , Pollen Seth , Uysal Mustafa , Merchant Arif , Wolfmeister Homer , Khalid Junaid
Published: January 2023

This article describes the algorithm, implementation, and deployment experience of CacheSack, the admission algorithm for Google datacenter flash caches. CacheSack minimizes the dominant costs of Google’s datacenter flash caches: disk IO and flash footprint. CacheSack partitions cache traffic into disjoint categories, analyzes the observed cache benefit of each subset, and formulates a knapsack problem to assign the optimal admission policy to each subset. Prior to this work, Google datacenter flash cache admission policies were optimized manually, with most caches using the Lazy Adaptive Replacement Cache algorithm. Production experiments showed that CacheSack significantly outperforms the prior static admission policies for a 7.7% improvement of the total cost of ownership, as well as significant improvements in disk reads (9.5% reduction) and flash wearout (17.8% reduction).
Repeat Breeding and Its’ Associated Risk Factors in Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Northern Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Eshete Tewodros , Demisse Tilaye , Yilma Tefera , Tamir Berhan
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the current study was to ascertain the prevalence and incidence of repeat breeding and related risk variables in crossbred dairy cattle in the northern Central Highlands of Ethiopia. The prevalence and incidence of repeat breeding in crossbred dairy cattle were 38.4% and 36.6%, respectively, out of the total cows and heifers taken into account for this study and handled with various production strategies. Age, parity, body condition, breeding practices, milk yield, management condition, and insemination time were all substantially (P < 0.05) associated with the prevalence and incidence of repeat breeders. Repeat breeder is more common in elderly, underweight, multiparous, high‐milk producing, and AI serviced cows, as well as cows kept in poor management condition. It was deduced that the production system had a significant impact (P < 0.05) on the prevalence of repeat breeders in the research area. In addition, herd size was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the prevalence of repeat breeder in this study. Insemination time and heat detection practices were also substantially (P < 0.05) interrelated with the prevalence and incidence of repeat breeders, indicating that incorrect heat detection and/or insemination timing had an impact on these variables. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the mindfulness of farm owners, managers, and attendants about appropriate feed and feeding management, accurate heat detection, and insemination time. To reduce the incidence of repeat breeders and the associated reproductive issues, as well as the resulting financial losses on dairy farms, health, housing, and reproductive management should also be improved.
Atrial Fibrillation Detection with Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio Data Using Artificial Features and Abstract Features
Authors: Bao Zhe , Li Dong , Jiang Shoufen , Zhang Liting , Zhang Yatao
Published: January 2023

Detecting atrial fibrillation (AF) of short single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a key of the wearable heart monitoring system. This study proposed an AF detection method based on feature fusion to identify AF rhythm (A) from other three categories of ECG recordings, that is, normal rhythm (N), other rhythm (O), and noisy (∼) ECG recordings. So, the four categories, that is, N, A, O, and ∼ were identified from the database provided by PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2017. The proposed method first unified the 9 to 60 seconds unbalanced ECG recordings into 30 s segments by copying, cutting, and symmetry. Then, 24 artificial features including waveform features, interval features, frequency-domain features, and nonlinear feature were extracted relying on prior knowledge. Meanwhile, a 13-layer one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1-D CNN) was constructed to yield 38 abstract features. Finally, 24 artificial features and 38 abstract features were fused to yield the feature matrix. Random forest was employed to classify the ECG recordings. In this study, the mean accuracy (Acc) of the four categories reached 0.857. The F1 of N, A, and O reached 0.837. The results exhibited the proposed method had relatively satisfactory performance for identifying AF from short single-lead ECG recordings with low SNR.
An Analysis of the Effects of Nanofluid-Based Serpentine Tube Cooling Enhancement in Solar Photovoltaic Cells for Green Cities
Authors: Jose J. Prakash Arul , Shrivastava Anurag , Soni Prem Kumar , Hemalatha N. , Alshahrani Saad , Saleel C. Ahamed , Sharma Abhishek , Shaik Saboor , Alarifi Ibrahim M.
Published: January 2023

In this work, the impact of the serpentine copper tube heat exchanger with nanofluids on 100 W solar photovoltaic thermal collectors (PV/T) was analyzed experimentally and numerically. The cooling fluids assessed in this system were distilled water, Al2O3 0.1%, and Al2O3 0.2% based nanofluids. Tests were accomplished at diverse coolant mass flow rate in India’s summer days of 2018. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation was carried out to perform a parametric study, identify surface and exit T profiles, and examine the cooling effectiveness. The impact of mass flow rate of nanofluid on the outside T and Reynolds number were studied. The Reynolds number obtained in the flow experiments and CFD analysis was in the range of 900–1,300. The maximum irreversibility occurred while using water, whereas minimum irreversibility obtained Al2O3 0.2% nanofluid. Exergy efficiency was found to be increased from 20% to 36% during the day. It was identified that the increase in PV/T scheme led to higher exergy losses. The thermal efficiency of a water-based cooling system resulted in 53.61%. Meanwhile, Al2O3 0.1% and Al2O3 0.2% based coolants provided 69.45% and 71.02%, respectively. A good agreement was obtained between the experimental results and the computer model.
Inhibitory Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Premetastatic Niche of Lung Cancer through the S1PR1‐STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Shen Ming , Wang Yan-jun , Liu Zhao-hua , Chen Yan-wen , Liang Qian-kun , Li Yang , Ming Hai-xia
Published: January 2023

As a common malignant tumor, the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer have been rising in recent years. The concept of “premetastatic niche” may lead to a revolutionary change in antitumor metastasis therapeutic strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine with multitargets and lower poisonous agents may be a potentially effective means to intervene in the “premetastatic niche (PMN)” to prevent and treat tumor metastasis. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is a substance with strong immune activity in Astragalus membranaceus that has excellent biological activities such as immunomodulation, anti‐inflammatory, and antitumor. In this study, we constructed a tumor lung metastasis animal model to explore the intervention mechanism of APS on the premetastatic niche. We found that APS inhibited the formation of the lung premetastatic niche and inhibited the recruitment of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the lung. Mechanistically, we showed that the proteins and gene expression of S1PR1, STAT3, and p‐STAT3 in the S1PR1/STAT3 signaling pathway were suppressed by APS. In line with the above findings, our results confirmed that APS may inhibit the accumulation of MDSCs in the premetastatic niche through the intervention of the S1PR1‐STAT3 signaling pathway to achieve the antitumor effect.
Insecure Attachment Styles and Phubbing: The Mediating Role of Problematic Smartphone Use
Authors: Sun Juhyung , Miller Claude H.
Published: January 2023

Lately, increasing concern has focused on the incessant and intrusive use of smartphones across a wide range of interpersonal and relational contexts. Of concern is that many people appear to snub someone during face-to-face interactions by focusing more on their smartphone than on their relational partner, namely, phubbing. Individuals with insecure attachment styles may phub their intimate others more often. However, such relationships have not been examined. This study used a cross-sectional design to examine key relationships between insecure attachment styles on phubbing. An online survey was conducted to examine the relationships between the variables of this study (

N
=
444

, 72% female: mean age 20). The analyses revealed both anxious-preoccupied and dismissive-avoidant attachment styles to be positively associated with phubbing. Moreover, both insecure attachment styles indirectly predicted phubbing through problematic smartphone use (PSU). Insecure attachment styles appear to impact how often people phub others within intimate relationships, and further, PSU may function as a mechanism linking these insecure attachment styles with phubbing.
Removal of Dye from Wastewater Using a Novel Composite Film Incorporating Nanocellulose
Authors: Eti Ismat Ara , Khatun Marufa , Khatun Most. Afroza , Rahman Md. Owaleur , Anis-Ul-Haque K. M. , Alam Md. Jahangir
Published: January 2023

Research shows that the composite material is used as an adsorbent to remove pollutants from wastewater. This work is aimed at producing a novel composite film comprising chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and cornstarch incorporating nanocellulose (CPCN). The composite film was prepared by a blending method wherein nanocellulose was extracted using a chemical method from banana bract. The prepared CPCN was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX to understand their molecular interaction and surface morphology, respectively. The effect of parameters including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye was studied. The maximum adsorption was found to be up to 63.13 mg/g MB with a pH of 10, adsorbent dosage of 2 g, an initial concentration of 150 ppm, and contact time of 120 min at room temperature (25°C) indicating a moderate adsorption capacity of the CPCN. Comparing the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, the former fitted well with MB dye adsorption data, implying that the models can be applied to uptake MB dye by CPCN. In the kinetic adsorption experiment, the adsorbed dye almost reached equilibrium at about 120 min for the CPCN and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Therefore, the CPCN can be used as a potential adsorbent in wastewater treatment.