bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing community vulnerability to initial COVID-19 spread in Florida ZIP Codes using Shapley additive explanations with random forest modeling
Authors: Otano Yilian Alonso , Zaatour Wajdi , Ginjala Raveena , Michael Edwin
Published: October 2024

Background
The identification of the population attributes that play important roles in the early-phase community spread of an epidemic is critical to improving our ability to prepare and develop the resilience of societies to future pandemic-potential pathogens. Our study aimed to assess the vulnerability of communities at the ZIP code-level in the state of Florida to the growth in the case incidence of the COVID-19 epidemic during its initial outbreak phase using local case and CDC/ATDSR SVI data and the application of a novel explainable machine learning model.
Methods
The COVID-19 growth rates were estimated from a log-linear regression fitted to the daily number of cases reported for the initial wave of the pandemic in each ZIP code (n = 935). A random forest model was trained to predict COVID-19 growth rates using 22 social vulnerability indicators. The trained model was interpreted with Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) to investigate the contribution of social vulnerability features to early COVID-19 spread across all ZIP codes in Florida. SHAP feature ranking and results were used to calculate a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) for each ZIP code.
Results
Estimated COVID-19 growth rates ranged from 1 to 1.247 (mean = 1.054). The percent of single-parent households was the most important feature in predicting growth rates, followed by (in order) population density and the percentages of the population facing language barriers, living in group quarters, burdened by housing costs, and diagnosed with coronary heart disease in a ZIP code. High values of the five highest ranking features were shown to contribute positively to predicted growth rates, whereas high values of the sixth feature contributed negatively. The constructed SVI had a significant positive association (p-value < 0.0001) with the ZIP code-level epidemic growth rates.
Conclusions
The constructed ML-SHAP modeling approach and SVI can help assess the social vulnerability of communities to the early COVID-19 spread that was observed in Florida ZIP codes. They can also serve to identify high risk sub-populations and localities, which will be important for advancing development of mitigation strategies to prevent, enhance community resilience, and respond to future novel pathogens of pandemic potential.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward depression among people living with depression in Vietnam: the cultural dynamics in the era of globalization
Authors: Kieu Nhu Tran , Thai Quynh Chi Nguyen , Khac Thu Nguyen , Van Minh Hoang , Kane Sumit , Dang Hoang-Minh
Published: October 2024

Background
Despite the high burden of depression in Vietnam, little is known about the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of Vietnamese people with depression in contemporary society.
Methods
This is a qualitative study with 40 adults, 18–64 years old, with symptoms of depression. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore knowledge (symptoms, causes, treatment), attitudes, and practices to seek support or care for depression.
Results
Knowledge about depression is good amongst the study participants. They could identify several symptoms of depression and are aware of stress and adverse events as causes of depression. However, biological factors as causes are infrequently mentioned. Most people with depression know about psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment. Stigma related to depression seems lesser compared to that in the past. People with depression receive support from family and friends. Despite high awareness about symptoms, causes, and treatment options, misconceptions remain, concealment of illness is common, as is the avoidance of seeking care. Access to care is hindered by cost barriers and a lack of information about reliable providers. Medicines are frequently discontinued due to side effects and insufficient consultation during examination. Praying and offering to altars as cultural practices to treat mental illness still exist. Based on analysis guided by the ‘glocalization theory’ we offer an explanatory account of the current state off knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward depression amongst people living with depression in Vietnam. This analysis recognizes the co-existence of global and local influences. People are creating and adapting their “glocal” views, attitudes, and norms around depression as well as mental illness.
Conclusions
Societal changes have influenced the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards depression in Vietnam in positive ways; however, historical, cultural challenges continue, while new challenges are emerging. Our findings point to the need for renewed, continued efforts to improve mental health related awareness, while simultaneously improving the availability, accessibility, and responsiveness of mental health services. These efforts should take into account both global and local influences on how people in Vietnam think and act regarding mental health issues.
Trial registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06456775. Registered June 12, 2024 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06456775?cond=depression&intr=Tele-SSM&rank=1
Adulthood consequences of spinal deformity surgeries in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients
Authors: Tsukamoto Arihiko , Uno Koki , Suzuki Teppei , Ito Masaaki , Nakashima Keita , Kakutani Kenichiro , Takeoka Yoshiki
Published: October 2024

Background
Spinal deformity associated with Neurofibromatosis type1(NF-1) is known to be intractable, and it’s surgical outcome is known to be poor. However, it is not clear whether or not patients are able to lead a healthy social life as adults, and we investigated the surgical outcomes of patients who had reached adulthood after surgery.
Methods
Thirty-eight patients (16 males, 22 females) who had undergone spinal deformity surgery and had reached the age of 18 years at last follow up were included. X-rays, surgery, complications, survival rate, employment status, and married rate were evaluated. HR-QOL was compared with those of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS) operated in our hospital.
Results
The mean age at the initial surgery was 14.6［4〜49］years, and the mean age at the last observation was 29.4［18〜56］ years. Anterior and posterior fusion were performed in 18 patients, posterior fixation was performed in 20 patients. Five patients died (3: malignant schwannoma, 1:brain tumor, 1:unknown), with a mean age of 27.0［18〜35］ years at the time of death and 12.2［3〜21］ years after the last surgery. Two patients over 40 years of age were treated for vascular system disorders, and 1 patient for a brain tumor. All survivors were ambulators except 1 case of non-ambulator due to neoplastic destruction of the hip joint. The working status was light work in 13 patients, desk work in 7, unemployed in 4, students in 8. Four patients were married.
SRS-22 and ODI in the NF-1 group were lower than in AIS, and significant differences were observed especially in Function and Pain, Self-image.
Conclusions
At an average follow-up of 14.8 years after surgery, 5 of 38 patients had died, 29 patients (76.3％) were able to lead a social life. However, HR-QOL was lower than that of AIS.
Patients undergoing NF-1 scoliosis surgery require careful long-term follow-up, taking into account the possibility of reoperation due to osteolysis, malignant changes in the tumor, and vascular problems due to vascular fragility.
Pre-hospital Emergency and Legal Challenges in Iran: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Sheikhi Rahim Ali , Heidari Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Background
As the first level of people's contact with the healthcare system, the Pre-hospital Emergency Staff )PHES) often encounter patient and companion complaints and legal challenges. Frequent court appearances consume the time of PHES and negatively impact their morale, leading to dissatisfaction and job burnout. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to legal challenges and complaints against PHES.
Method
A qualitative study was conducted, and the data were collected through a focus group session and semi-structured interviews with 21 Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) and 4 Emergency Medical Services (EMS) managers with at least two years of experience in Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services (PEMS). The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. MAXQDA/10 software was also used for data analysis and code extraction.
Results
The content analysis of the focus group and all interviews extracted four main areas: the nature of the EMS profession, mismanagement in PEMS, legal ambiguities, and other stakeholders' performance.
Conclusion
To mitigate legal challenges, training employees on legal matters, supporting them in fulfilling their duties, coordinating and collaborating with all stakeholders, and educating the public about pre-hospital emergency procedures are important.
Novel Histone Acetylation Regulators: Mediators of Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration and Prognostic Model in Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Mo Dan , Zeng Zhonghong , Lin Mingmei , Luo Yongjin , Chen Yuxin , Yang Yihua , Dong Mingyou
Published: October 2024

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most prevalent mortality rate for women’ cancer globally and the fourth most prevalent gynecological tumor. Dysregulation of histone acetylation (HA) influences the pathogenesis of cancer. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive research on HA in CC.
Methods: We conducted univariate and multivariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses to assess the prognostic relevance of 36 HA-related genes identified in previous studies. A prognostic model was developed by utilizing the TCGA cohort as the training dataset and the screened HA genes. The model was subsequently validated on GSE68339 dataset. In order to confirm the accuracy of the model, Kaplan–Meier analysis and time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were implemented. The study also investigated the associations between immune cell infiltration characteristics, immune checkpoint genes, and drug sensitivity. Lastly, the essential genes were verified through qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.
Results: KAT2B, HDAC5, and HDAC10were identified as pivotal for prognosis among the 36 HA genes that were analyzed. The prognostic model classified TCGA patients into high- and low-risk groups based on risk scores, revealing significantly reduced overall survival (OS) in the high-risk group. High-risk patients demonstrated decreased immune infiltration and checkpoint gene expression. KAT2B, HDAC5, and HDAC10 were downregulated in CC compared to normal tissues, which was correlated with poorer 5-year OS rates. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed reduced expression of HDAC5 and HDAC10 in clinical samples.
Conclusions: We propose a prognostic model based on three HA genes that demonstrates a well predictive effect on CC patients, offering predictive value and potential application in clinical treatments.
Could serum Raftlin and GPER-1levels be new biomarkers for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer? Runnign Head: Evaluation of GPER-1 And Raftlin Levels in Lung Cancer
Authors: ELİÇORA Aykut , GÜVEN Berrak , ENGİN Hüseyin , ÇEVİK Gokcen Tugba , SEZER Hüseyin Fatih
Published: October 2024

Background
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Therefore, the search for new biomarkers continues in order to diagnose lung cancer at an early stage. In this study, we investigated blood levels of G-protein associated membrane estrogen receptor (GPER)-1 and Raftlin as markers of early-stage in lung cancer.
Methods
Lung cancer cases admitted to our hospital between 2016 and 2018 were included in our study. GPER-1 and Raftlin levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in blood samples taken from patients diagnosed with lung cancer and healthy volunteers.
Results
There were 64 cases in total, 32 cases in lung cancer group and 32 cases in control group. We evluated GPER-1 levels for each group. GPER-1 level was 2.54 (IQR: 1.08–5.78) ng/mL in the lung cancer group and 5 (IQR: 2.69–7.99) ng/mL in the control group. ROC analysis value for GPER-1, (AUC) was 0.66 (p < 0.01). Raftlin levels were 4.5 (IQR: 3.3-11.52) ng/mL in control group and 7.77 (IQR: 6.24–9.85) ng/mL in lung cancer group. ROC analysis value for Raftlin, (AUC) was 0.629(P = 0.09).
Conclusions
In our study, there was no statistically significant difference between our groups in terms of Raftlin values. Therefore, it was thought that Raftlin could not be a specific marker in the diagnosis of lung cancer. GPER-1 was found to be lower in the lung cancer group than in healthy individuals. Therefore, it was thought that GPER-1 could be evaluated as a diagnostic marker in lung cancer. However, we think that more definitive results can be obtained by determining the tissue and expression level of GPER in lung cancer with further studies.
Genotype‒phenotype correlation in recessive DNAJB4 myopathy
Authors: Inoue Michio , Jayaraman Divya , Bengoechea Rocio , Bhadra Ankan , Genetti Casie A. , Aldeeri Abdulrahman A. , Turan Betül , Pacheco-Orozco Rafael Adrian , Al-Maawali Almundher , Hashmi Nadia Al , Zamani Ayşe Gül , Göktaş Emine , Pekcan Sevgi , Çağlar Hanife Tuğçe , True Heather , Beggs Alan H. , Weihl Conrad C.
Published: October 2024

Protein aggregate myopathies can result from pathogenic variants in genes encoding protein chaperones. DNAJB4 is a cochaperone belonging to the heat shock protein-40 (HSP40) family and plays a vital role in cellular proteostasis. Recessive loss-of-function variants in DNAJB4 cause myopathy with early respiratory failure and spinal rigidity, presenting from infancy to adulthood. This study investigated the broader clinical and genetic spectrum of DNAJB4 myopathy. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing on seven patients with early respiratory failure of unknown genetic etiology. We identified five distinct pathogenic variants in DNAJB4 in five unrelated families of diverse ethnic backgrounds: three loss-of-function variants (c.547C > T, p.R183*; c.775C > T, p.R259*; an exon 2 deletion) and two missense variants (c.105G > C, p.K35N; c.181A > G, p.R61G). All patients were homozygous. All affected individuals exhibited early respiratory failure, and patients from three families had rigid spine syndrome with axial weakness in proportion to appendicular weakness. Additional symptoms included dysphagia, ankle contractures, scoliosis, neck stiffness, and cardiac dysfunction. Notably, J-domain missense variants were associated with a more severe phenotype, including an earlier age of onset and a higher mortality rate, suggesting a strong genotype‒phenotype correlation. Consistent with a loss of function, the nonsense variants presented decreased stability. In contrast, the missense variants exhibited normal or increased stability but behaved as loss-of-function variants in yeast complementation and TDP-43 disaggregation assays. Our findings suggest that DNAJB4 is an emerging cause of myopathy with rigid spine syndrome of variable age of onset and severity. This diagnosis should be considered in individuals presenting with suggestive symptoms, particularly if they exhibit neck stiffness during infancy or experience respiratory failure in adults without significant limb muscle weakness. Missense variants in the J-domain may predict a more severe phenotype.
Generation Victoria (GenV): Protocol for a longitudinal birth cohort of Victorian children and their parents
Authors: Hughes Elizabeth K. , Siero William , Gülenç Alisha , Clifford Susan A. , Frugier Tony , Hall Simon M. , Mohal Jatender , North Kathryn , Zaritski Natasha , Goldfeld Sharon , Saffery Richard , Wake Melissa
Published: October 2024

Background
In a world confronted with new and connected challenges, novel strategies are needed to help children and adults achieve their full potential, to predict, prevent and treat disease, and to achieve equity in services and outcomes. Australia’s Generation Victoria (GenV) cohorts are designed for multi-pronged discovery (what could improve outcomes?) and intervention research (what actually works, how much and for whom?). Here, we describe the key features of its protocol.
Methods
GenV is a whole-population longitudinal platform open to all ≈ 150,000 children born within a two-year window and residing in the state of Victoria and their parents. GenV is guided by its 6 principles of Inclusivity, Collaboration, Sustainability, Enhancement, Systematised Processes and Value and enabled by large-scale biobanking, IT and novel high-throughput technology infrastructure. Successive recruitment phases were designed to maximise GenV’s inclusivity: (1) a smaller Advance Cohort from December 2020; (2) Newborn recruitment, with presence in 58 Victorian maternity services supporting face-to-face approach to parents of babies born 4 October 2021-3 October 2023; (3) Intensive remote recruitment to mid-2024 targeting those missed around birth; and (4) Ongoing indefinite enrolment of in-age children and their parents. Participants consent to universal (1) data linkage (e.g., state and federal physical and mental health, education, social, geospatial, ecological); (2) biosamples storage and use (e.g., residual clinical pregnancy and newborn screening, GenV-collected perinatal parent/infant saliva); (3) phenotypic and biosamples collection waves at child ages 6, 11 and 16 years, likely in schools and remotely for parents; and (4) opportunities for collaborative research integrated into GenV as a population registry (e.g., trials, natural experiments, depth subcohorts). Many participants supplement universal data with additional biosamples (e.g., infant stool, breast milk) and brief digital remote ‘GenV and Me’ assessments over the first 5 years. GenV will make all research data available, adhering to the principles of Open Science.
Discussion
Launched in the COVID-19 pandemic and committed to diversity and inclusivity, GenV’s parallel consented child and pre-midlife cohorts will be positioned to help address today’s pressing issues such as chronic mental and physical health conditions, inequity, public health crises such as pandemics, and climate harm.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05394363; retrospectively registered 23 May 2022 (8 months into recruitment)
TNMpBC-NeoBCSS model: A Breast Cancer Specific Survival Prediction Model for Triple-negative Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma Patients with Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Ni Peng , Wang Yu , Bai Xiaorong , Yang Zejian , Wu Tao , Gao Chen , Cheng Yuan , Niu Ligang , Yan Yu , Zhou Yuhui , Shi Bohui , Ge Guanqun , Chen Yilong , Ge Zhishen , Jiang Yina , Zhang Ran , Liu Fan , Wang Bo , Ren Yu , Zhou Can
Published: October 2024

Background: The breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) benefits of Neoadjuvant therapy (NeoAT) for triple-negative metaplastic breast cancer (TNMpBC) was uncertain. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for assessing the BCSS for TNMpBC patients with NeoAT.
Methods: The primary cohort of 1163 patients with TNMpBC, from which a nomogram was established based on the results of a LASSO regression analysis, was derived from multi-centers data in China and the SEER database. This model was further validated by an independent cohort of 155 TNMpBC patients with NeoAT, with discrimination and calibration assessed.
Results: Totally 155 (13.3%) TNMpBC patients received NeoAT, with 45 (29.0%) cases demonstrating pathologic complete response (pCR),were enrolled. Subjects acquired pCR had superior BCSS. Four variables significantly associated with BCSS were incorporated in the establishment of model: age at diagnosis, T stage, N stage, and response to NeoAT. This model was well validated , with a C-index of 0.82, and area under the curves of 0.838, 0.866 in training cohort, respectively, for 3- years and 5-years BCSS. Based on the cutoff scores from the TNMpBC-NeoBCSS model and calculated by X-tile analysis, patients in high risk group had a inferior BCSS (HR=6.77, P< 0.0001) when compared with those in low-risk group.
Conclusion: TNMpBC-NeoBCSS model provides a favorable tool for assessing the BCSS for the TNMpBC patients with NeoAT and may help doctors and TNMpBC patients optimally make decision on the necessity of neoadjuvant therapy on the basis of individual BCSS.
Prevalence of Fungal Urinary Tract Infections in Madinah Region
Authors: Safdar Osama , Khateb Aiah , Alamri Lina , Alseyoufi Ward , Alluqmani Raghad , Almusaiferi Yara
Published: October 2024

Background
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent illnesses, affecting more than 404.6 million people globally, representing around 5.23% of the total global population. Forty percent of UTIs are caused by fungi. Candida albicans, which is naturally found on the human body, commonly causes candiduria in predisposed individuals.
Aim
This study aims to enhance understanding of the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and appropriate management of fungal UTIs. We hypothesized an increase in the prevalence of fungal disease in UTIs (FUTIs) in Madinah region, Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods
The study uses an observational-retrospective approach and includes all hospitalized patients with positive fungal urine cultures across all departments from June 2016 to October 2019. The prevalence, incidence, and comorbidity of FUTIs are investigated through data collection from King Fahd Hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Results
The study, based on 87,447 admissions over 7 years, found a prevalence of FUTIs of 0.052% in the patients. The incidence rate began at 5.4 per 1000 individuals in 2016 and dramatically increased to 206 per 1000 individuals by 2019. This represents an approximately 40-fold increase over the initial rate. C. albicans was the most identified organism, accounting for 86.9% of the cases. The most prevalent comorbidity observed was renal system diseases.
Conclusion
The study highlights the increase of FUTIs, and the importance of understanding the risk factors to apply preventative measures and ensure prompt and effective intervention. It also underscores the need for continuous monitoring of FUTI in other Madinah hospitals and in Saudi Arabia
Role of Cathepsin K in Bone Invasion of Pituitary Adenomas: A Dual Mechanism Involving Cell Proliferation and Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Wang Peng , Zhao Jian , Mu Yiming , Gu Weijun
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the regulation and mechanism of Cathepsin K (CTSK) in bone invasive pituitary adenomas (BIPAs).
Experimental Design: A total of 1437 patients with pituitary adenomas were included and followed up. RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR were used to analyze to detect CTSK expression. The impact of CTSK on cellular proliferation, bone matrix degradation, and osteoclasts differentiation was determined by gain/loss of function experiments in vitro and vivo. The exploration of signaling pathway was determined by molecular biology experiments.
Results: Here, we reported a significant fraction (~10%) of pituitary adenoma patients developed bone invasion. Bone invasion was correleted with tumor recurrence. Shorter recurrence free survival was found in BIPA patients. CTSK expression was increased in BIPA patients and strongly associated with worse prognosis. Increased CTSK expression promoted pituitary adenoma cell proliferation via activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and bone invasion via increasing osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. CTSK inhibitor (odanacatib) could inhibit pituitary adenoma cell proliferation and bone invasion in vitro and in vivo. CTSK promoted osteoclast differentiation by promoting the RANKL expression of MC3T3-E1 cells through interaction with TLR4.
Conclusion: CTSK may become a novel predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target for BIPAs.
Distinct Developmental Outcomes in DNA repair-deficient FANCC c.67delG Mutant and FANCC-/- Mice
Authors: Green Douglas , beesetti swarna , Guy Cliff , Sirasanagandla Shyam , Yang Mao , Sumpter Rhea , Tillman Heather , Pelletier Stephane , Wlodarski Marcin
Published: October 2024

Fanconi Anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations such as aplastic anemia, cancer predisposition, and developmental defects including hypogonadism, microcephaly, organ dysfunction, infertility, hyperpigmentation, microphthalmia, and skeletal defects. In addition to the well described defects in DNA repair, mitochondrial dysfunction due to defects in mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is also associated with FA, although its contribution to FA phenotypes is unknown. This study focused on the FANCC gene, which, alongside other FA genes, is integral to DNA repair and mitochondrial quality control. In the present study, we created a FANCC mutant mouse model (FANCC c.67delG) that is defective in DNA repair but proficient in mitophagy. We found that the FANCC c.67delG mutant mouse model recapitulates some phenotypes observed in FA patients, such as cellular hypersensitivity to DNA cross linking agents and hematopoietic defects. In contrast, FA phenotypes such as microphthalmia, hypogonadism, and infertility, present in FANCC-deficient mice, were absent in the FANCC c.67delG mice, suggesting that the N-terminal 55 amino acids of FANCC are dispensable for these developmental processes. Furthermore, the FANCC c.67delG mutation preserved mitophagy, unlike the FANCC null mutation, leading to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. This study highlights the multifaceted nature of the FANCC protein, with distinct domains responsible for DNA repair and mitophagy. Our results suggest that developmental defects in FA may not solely stem from DNA repair deficiencies but could also involve other functions, such as mitochondrial quality control. Overall, our findings provide insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of the FA disorder in humans and FA-like syndromes in cattle, such as Brachyspina syndrome. We suggest that this model will be a useful tool for the investigation of FA and for the development of new therapeutic strategies of inherited hematopoietic diseases.
Joint developmental trajectories of perinatal depression and anxiety and their predictors: a longitudinal study
Authors: Jiang Minhui , Zheng Han , Wu Zhenhong , Zheng Xiaomin , Feng Yaling
Published: October 2024

Background
Perinatal depression and anxiety can be experienced simultaneously and change over time. This study aimed to explore the independent and joint developmental trajectories and predictors of perinatal depression and anxiety.
Methods
From January 2022 to December 2023, a total of 1062 pregnant women from Affiliated Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University were surveyed for depression and anxiety symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) in early pregnancy (T1, 0–13+ 6 weeks), mid-term pregnancy (T2, 14–27+ 6 weeks), late pregnancy (T3, 28–41 weeks), and 42 days postpartum (T4). Parallel-Process Latent Class Growth Model (PPLCGM) was performed to identify the joint developmental trajectories of perinatal depression and anxiety, and logistic regression was used to analyze factors of joint trajectories.
Results
Perinatal depression and anxiety each showed four heterogeneous developmental trajectories, and three joint developmental trajectories were identified: "high-slightly-decreasing depression and high-decreasing anxiety group" (3%), "low-stable depression and low-stable anxiety group" (71%), and "moderate-slightly-increasing depression and moderate-decreasing anxiety group" (26%). Adverse maternal history, history of anxiety and depression, and work stress were risk factors for the joint developmental trajectory of perinatal depression and anxiety, while regular exercise, paid work and social support were protective factors.
Conclusions
Three joint developmental trajectories for perinatal depression and anxiety were identified, demonstrating group heterogeneity. Perinatal healthcare providers should pay attention to the mental health history of pregnant women, conduct multiple assessments of perinatal anxiety and depression, prioritize individuals with risk factors, advocate for regular exercise, work participation, and provide greater social support.
The Correlation between Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-sectional Analysis Based On NHANES
Authors: Liu Yingming , Wang Ziming , Xia Yuhang , Zhang Yan , Li Mingfei , Chen Hao , Zhao Shuang , Lu Yun , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: October 2024

Background
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) is an emerging inflammatory biomarker that is cost-effective and easily accessible. Its predictive value has been demonstrated in different clinical scenarios, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sepsis. Despite this, the connection between NPAR and COPD is not fully understood. Therefore, we carried out a cross-sectional study to explore the relationship between NPAR and COPD.
Methods
This study analyzed data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2017 to 2020. Various statistical methods such as multiple logistic regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, threshold effect analysis, subgroup analysis, and interaction tests were utilized to explore the association between NPAR and COPD risk.
Results
The study involved 5807 participants aged 20 years and older, including 550 individuals diagnosed with COPD. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the research found a direct link between NAPR and COPD risk, viewing NAPR as both a continuous and categorical variable. The fully adjusted model revealed that higher NAPR levels were independently linked to an increased COPD risk (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.09, P = 0.007). Moreover, individuals in the highest NAPR quartile (Q4) had a 34% higher risk of COPD compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1) ( OR = 1.34 ; 95% CI: 1.01–1.77, P = 0.039). Subgroup analyses and interaction tests supported a consistent relationship between NAPR and COPD risk, with no significant interactions found.
Conclusion
NAPR, a newly discovered inflammatory biomarker, has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of COPD, as indicated by recent research. These findings imply that NAPR could potentially be used as a prognostic tool to evaluate the likelihood of developing COPD.
Short-Term Adverse Outcomes Related to Medication Use in Older Adults Visiting Emergency Department – a Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Holstein Ria M , Hongisto Mari P , Jämsen Esa , Saario Eeva , Kvarnström Kirsi , Castrén Maaret K , Kaartinen Johanna M
Published: October 2024

Background.
Drug-related emergency department (ED) visits are often encountered in the ED but remain unidentified, especially among older adults. Although medication use should be screened in the ED, little is known about their effect on short-term adverse ED outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use and short-term adverse outcomes in older ED patients.
Methods.
We retrospectively determined prescribed medications of 392 non-urgently transported community-dwelling patients aged ≥ 75 years. We measured polypharmacy and PIM use with dichotomous and ordinal variables. Comorbidities were assessed with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Primary outcomes were 90-day mortality, hospital admissions and 90-day ED revisits. Statistically, we used adjusted logistic regression analysis.
Results.
80% of the patients had polypharmacy (≥ 5 regular medications) and 30% had excessive polypharmacy (≥ 10 regular medications). Polypharmacy did not predict higher risk of any study outcomes but was associated with a lower risk of 90-day mortality [adjusted OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.06–0.45), p < 0.001]. Excessive polypharmacy predicted a higher risk of 90-day ED revisits [adjusted OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.12–4.93), p = 0.024]. An increasing number of regular medications was associated with a higher risk of 90-day ED revisits [OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.03–1.16), p = 0.014] and a lower risk of 90-day mortality [OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.72–0.94, p = 0.005]. PIM use did not increase risks for any study outcomes. Increasing CCI predicted higher 90-day mortality rates [OR 1.70 (95% CI 1.37–2.10), p < 0.001].
Conclusions.
Polypharmacy, defined as use of five or more medications is common among older ED patients but does not increase the risk of short-term adverse outcomes. Rising number of regular medications and excessive polypharmacy increases the risk for 90-day ED revisits. Instead of assessing polypharmacy with currently used numerical thresholds, EDs should screen excessive polypharmacy or use novel numerical thresholds to screen high-risk patients.
Factors associated with the use of specialized mental health services in urban Latin American young people with symptoms of anxiety and depression
Authors: Hidalgo-Padilla Liliana , Flores Sumiko , Vargas-Fernández Rodrigo , Ariza-Salazar Karen , Lucchetti Santiago Cesar , Vilela-Estrada Ana L. , Uribe-Restrepo José Miguel , Carbonetti Fernando Luis , Ramirez-Meneses Daniela , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos , Brusco Luis Ignacio , Diez-Canseco Francisco
Published: October 2024

Background
Studies have shown that adolescents and young adults are less likely to seek mental health (MH) services. This research aims to identify the factors associated with using specialized MH services among young people in deprived urban Latin American areas.
Methods
The study included 1345 adolescents (15–16 years) and young adults (20–24 years) with symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. We collected data on predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to using specialized MH services. We compared the differences in service use using a chi-square test and determined the association using Poisson regression.
Results
18.9% of participants used specialized MH services in the previous three months. Youth whose parents received MH treatment had a 51% and 57% higher prevalence of using MH services, as those whose parents had education beyond secondary school were 64% more likely to use these services. Participants with severe levels of anxiety symptoms and self-recognition of experiencing anxiety symptoms had an 88% and 117% higher prevalence of using MH services; otherwise, severity levels of depression were not associated with the use of MH services. Specific symptoms of depression or anxiety reported on the PHQ-8 and GAD-7 scales were linked to the use of these services. Furthermore, experiencing three or more stressful life events and low and moderate levels of resilience were associated with a 48%, 74%, and 60% greater likelihood of using MH services.
Conclusion
Less than one in five participants accessed specialized MH services in the last three months. Predisposing, enabling, and need factors influencing service use include parental history of MH treatment, parents with education beyond secondary school, severe anxiety, self-recognition of ever experiencing anxiety, severe life events, and low resilience.
A case of cubital tunnel syndrome due to bone metastasis of lung cancer confirmed by 18 F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ni Haopeng , Zhou Haiying , Chen Donghe , Liu Zhenfeng , Kota Vishnu Goutham , Abdulla Mohamed Hasan , Abdulla Ali Hasan , Ezzi Sohaib Hasan , Abdalbary Sahar Ahmed , Lu Hui
Published: October 2024

Background
Lung adenocarcinoma can metastasize to other parts of the body. Solitary metastasis to the elbow is rare; elbow metastasis presenting with the initial symptom of pain is extremely rare.
Methods and results
We report a 67-year-old female presented to our hospital with an eight- month history of progressively swelling and pain in her elbow. An MR scan revealed a possible malignant lesion. A subsequent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan revealed cancer of the lower lobe of the right lung with metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes and elbow joint. The clinical diagnosis was pulmonary malignant tumor elbow metastasis, with ulnar nerve entrapment syndrome. A biopsy of elbow soft tissue was performed to confirm metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. The patient refused to target-specific drug treatment for economic reasons. After six months, the patient was lost to follow up.
Conclusions
Our findings confirm that 18F-FDG PET/CT is an excellent method that has potential as a diagnostic modality for examination of a malignant or locally aggressive elbow lesion.
Correlates of Self-Medication Practices for Malaria Illness to Under-Five Children in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Okunola Oluseye , Aroke Abdulrahman , Okunola Gloria
Published: October 2024

Malaria is a leading cause of illness and death among Nigeria's under-five children. Self-medication for malaria is common among caregivers, despite the dangers of drug resistance and treatment failure. The sole aim of this scholarship is to investigate the relationships between self-medication habits and malaria in under-five children in Southwestern Nigeria. The study, which was supported by six research assistants and a peer review, looked into the self-medication practices of caregivers of children under the age of five in two Yoruba states, Lagos and Osun. Household caregivers from a variety of backgrounds, including original parents and other relatives were included in the study. Data was collected using Open Data Kit and interviewer-administered questionnaires. The study identified several key correlates of self-medication practices. Demographic factors such as caregivers' age and education level were significantly associated with self-medication, with younger and less educated caregivers more likely to self-medicate. Socioeconomic status, particularly lower income, was also a significant predictor. Health system factors, including limited access to healthcare services and previous negative experiences with the healthcare system, contributed to higher self-medication rates. Additionally, limited knowledge about malaria and cultural beliefs significantly influenced self-medication practices. The study highlights the multifaceted nature of self-medication for malaria among caregivers of under-five children in Southwestern Nigeria. Addressing these practices requires comprehensive public health strategies that enhance health literacy, improve healthcare accessibility and quality, mitigate socioeconomic barriers, and incorporate cultural sensitivity. Targeted interventions based on these findings can improve malaria treatment outcomes and reduce the burden of malaria among young children in the region.
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection following Restorative Proctocolectomy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in the Biologic Era
Authors: Horio Yuki , Uchino Motoi , Tomoo Kazunori , Nomura Kazunori , Nagano Kentaro , Kusunoki Kurando , Kuwahara Ryuichi , Kimura Kei , Kataoka Kozo , Beppu Naohito , Ueda Takashi , Ichiki Kaoru , Nakajima Kazuhiko , Ikeda Masataka , Ikeuchi Hiroki
Published: October 2024

Background
Surgical site infection (SSI) is a critical issue in colorectal surgery because it decreases postoperative patient quality of life. The rate of SSI in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving immunosuppressive therapy is particularly high, suggesting that the SSI rate may increase with the introduction of biologic agents.
Methods
UC patients who underwent 2-stage restorative proctocolectomy at our institution between April 2012 and December 2023 were included in this study. Clinical characteristics were analyzed and compared between an SSI group and a non-SSI group; possible risk factors for SSIs were also analyzed. Additionally, the following anti-SSI measures adopted at our hospital were included as explanatory variables: laparoscopic surgery, oral antibiotic prophylaxis, and change of surgical instruments before wound closure.
Results
In total, 501 UC surgical patients were included. The incidence of overall SSIs was 45/501 (8.9%). The rates of incisional SSIs and organ/space SSIs were 26/501 (5.1%) and 30/501 (5.9%), respectively. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis was identified as a risk factor for overall SSIs (odds ratio: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.93, p = 0.02), incisional SSIs (odds ratio: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.11–1.03, p = 0.03) and organ/space SSIs (odds ratio: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.13–1.05, p = 0.04).
Conclusions
Nonadministration of oral antibiotic prophylaxis was identified as a risk factor for SSIs. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis before restorative proctocolectomy may improve the postoperative quality of life of UC patients by preventing SSIs, even in the era of minimally invasive surgery and biological agents.
Factors Influencing Consumer Adoption of On-Demand Social Media Platforms
Authors: TK SHIBAHATHULLA , ALI PROF DR ASHRAF
Published: October 2024

This study examines the factors influencing consumer adoption of on-demand social media platforms characterized by ephemeral content. As these platforms rapidly gain popularity, understanding adoption drivers is crucial for researchers and practitioners. The study develops and tests a comprehensive model integrating traditional technology acceptance factors with platform-specific constructs. Using partial least squares structural equation modelling on data from 180 social media users in Kerala, India, the research reveals that convenience is the strongest predictor of adoption intention, followed by perceived usefulness, interpersonal influence, and enjoyment. Surprisingly, factors like perceived ease of use, social influence, and platform-specific features such as ephemerality and visual focus did not significantly impact adoption directly. Age showed a marginal negative effect, while gender had no significant impact. The findings challenge some prevailing assumptions about on-demand social media adoption and highlight the need for refined models specific to this context. The study contributes to technology adoption literature by demonstrating the primacy of convenience in driving the adoption of these platforms. It also offers practical insights for developers and marketers, suggesting that prioritizing convenience and perceived usefulness in design and marketing may be more effective than emphasizing specific features. Future research directions are proposed to address limitations and further explore this evolving digital landscape.
The relationship between human resources management and firm’ economic performance: The mediating role of employees’ conditions and motivation
Authors: Togola Moussa , Yu Pr Dengke , Dansoko Famory , Tandjigora Fodie
Published: October 2024

In the context of digital revolution and health crises (COVID-19), the major challenge for human resource managers is to find paths and strategies to reconcile HRM (Human Resources Management) practices with the new business environments. The new challenge consists, therefore, to reduce the gap which exists between ancient management practices and new strategies related to turbulent environments, and requires the adaptation of human resources to the significant and rapid technological changes, through the continuous training of workers. The companies also have to pay attention to the improvement of workers well-being, and working environment. This study aims to explore and analyze the relationship between human resources management and enterprise economic performance via the mediation of employees’ conditions and motivation. A statistical approach seems product such analysis. A questionnaire have been used to collect data from both leaders and employees across 53 enterprises in Bamako and its peripheries, Mali. Hence, we used the 5-point Likert attitude scale. Utilizing 733 recovered questionnaires, the study employed the regression analysis method to test direct effects. However, the Sobel test was applied to test indirect effects. The results of this study indicated that in a poor business environment, employees remuneration and their career plan affect positively and significantly enterprise economic performance. But, surprisingly, employee’ conditions and motivation don’t affect directly firm performance. Additionally, they also shown that workers conditions and motivation mediate the relationship between human resources management and company organizational performance. The sample was drawn using the probabilistic technique. It have been composed by employees and managers. These conclusions align partially with the perspectives of needs and motivation theories, unveiling the diverse effects of human resources management on firm economic performance and underscoring the necessity for long-term investments in workers well-being improvement. Consequently, the study enriches the literature on human resources management practices, and contributes to the enrichment of positive psychology, needs and motivation theories and reminds us to think carefully about the value of working environment improvement and workers well-being enhancement.
Electricity generation from renewable source- A leachate based microbial fuel cell machine learning approach
Authors: Mohammad Shamsuddeen Jumande , Ishaq Aliyu
Published: October 2024

This research presents an innovative blend of feature selection and sensitivity analysis techniques, which is an essential yet overlooked aspect in the study of MFCs. The study compared predictive models utilizing various machine learning algorithms to assess the impact of time, dosage, pH and temperature on ammonium nitrogen concentration (NH4-N) to predict the power density (PD) output of microbial fuel cells using leachate as a substrate for treatment. Evaluation of six machine learning models demonstrates varying levels of predictive accuracy. CatBoost (R2:0.9969, MSE: 48.8430, RMSE:6.9888) emerges as the most accurate model, followed closely by XGBoost (R2:0.9917, MSE:130.1668, RMSE:11.4091) and Random Forest (R2:0.9830, MSE:267.0929, RMSE:16.3430). Time series plots illustrate the performance of different models in predicting PD over a period, indicating good alignment with observed data. Comparison of Mean Squared Error (MSE) highlights significant variations in prediction accuracy, with CatBoost demonstrating the greatest enhancement and precision. The study directly tackles the deficiencies in existing MFC predictive modeling by incorporating the CatBoost algorithm, which provides enhanced accuracy and a deeper understanding of the nonlinear connections between environmental variables and power density.