bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPRA: Gerakan Perempuan Adat pada Suku Bangsa Namblong di Lembah Grime di Kabupaten Jayapura
Authors: Sulastri Elisabet Asrida , Flassy Marlina , Akhmad Akhmad
Published: September 2022

This article aims to describe and analyze the social movements carried out by the OPRA (“Organisasi Perempuan Adat” or Indigenous Women's Organization) in the Namblong Tribe in the Grime Valley, Jayapura Regency, Papua. This research is a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. Determination of selected informants by snowball involving key informants from OPRA. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews and observations, as well as FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Data analysis includes the stages of data reduction, data exposure and data interpretation. The results showed that the OPRA organization in the Namblong ethnic group was born because it was initiated by a group of women who were dissatisfied with the placement of women in the customary structure. The increasing number of women from the Namblong tribe who became victims of violence and unfair treatment, raised a collective awareness among them to rise up against and fight for their rights and demand justice and equality for Namblong women. The formation of the ORPA shows how customary identities are used and institutionalized not only as an effort to maintain power against the State and companies in matters of rights to land, natural resources and culture but also to fight for women's rights in the Namblong community
Etnoekologi Masyarakat Adat Tepra Pada Pegunungan Cycloop Papua
Authors: Kalilago Richard , Suwae Maria F
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze in depth the ethnoecology of the Tepra indigenous people in the Cycloop Mountains. The Tepra Indigenous People are from the Ethno Ecology aspect which includes the community's ecological view of the surrounding natural environment, the interaction of the Tepra with natural resources in traditional zones in the context of managing and utilizing limited natural resources. The research location is in Yongsu Desoyo village, Ravenirara district, Yewena village, Dormena, Wambena, Yepase and Tablasupa village, Depapre district. Data collection techniques were carried out by direct observation in the field, open interviews, and to focus group discussions (FGD). The local power summer management in the Tepra community is described descriptively using a spatial approach (spatial approach). The results of the research show that traditional community knowledge about the environment is reflected in the form of land use and utilization and its management system.
Kargoisme dan Messianik Politik Etik Ero-Amerika
Authors: Peyon Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

Cargoism is a belief in prosperity, happiness and eternal life brought by certain figures. Cargoism was constructed by western anthropologists and missionaries who had lived and worked in Melanesia. The western anthropologists and missionaries observed various social and cultural movements in Melanesia, which could then be conceptualized and theorized in social theory under the name of the Cargoism Movement. This view of Corgoism does not exist in Melanesian culture, but it is a western view related with their mobilization of cargo economic and materially in western society. Cargoism and messianic were shaped by Western anthropologists and European missionaries for the benefit of their colonialism and Christianization. In Melanesia there is no cargoism and messianic as Western anthropologists and missionaries write. Social and political movements labeled as cargoism or messianic are nationalist movements to expel colonialism and fight for the sovereignty of the Melanesian peoples
Perhiasan Tradisional Suku (di) Sarmi dan Suku Momuna Papua : Pendekatan Etnoarkeologis
Authors: Maryone Rini
Published: September 2022

One of the cultural heritage of the ethnic groups in Papua is traditional jewelry. This traditional jewelry is quite unique to use, with the uniqueness of the jewelry made of beads, seeds, animal fangs, noken, and traditional clothes which are also made of bark with Papuan motifs. Therefore, this study aims to highlight cultural artifacts in the form of traditional jewelry on ethnic groups in Papua, especially in the North Coast of Sarim Regency and the Central Mountains of Yahukimo Regency, Papua. This research uses an ethnoarcheological approach which is carried out in two stages, namely data collection and data processing. Data collection is done in several ways, namely: surveys, interviews and conducting literature studies. The results of the research show that there are differences in the use of traditional jewelry between the Sarmi tribe in the northern coastal region and the Momuna tribe in Yahukimo Regency, the Central Mountains of Papua. Because this really depends on the values contained in the jewelry and its function in the culture of each tribe.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah (Adat) Suku Korowai
Authors: Yaluwo Buta , Frank Simon Abdi K.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the mechanism for resolving customary land disputes in the Korowai tribe. The research method used is the approach used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach. The location of this research was determined in Yanimura District, Boven Digoel Regency. Because of the considerations in that place there are always land disputes. The data collection process used was observation, interviews and FGD. And the data analysis process includes stages, data categorization, data description and data interpretation. The results show that land has an important meaning in the culture of the Koroeai tribe because it is related to values and sources of life. Disputes (ownership) of land that occur are often spearheaded by claims from 2 different owners, and because of differences in the determination of the boundaries of customary land ownership that is communally owned by clans, or certain communities. Settlement of customary land disputes of the Korowai tribe can be resolved by the customary parties as well as possible to mediate between the two warring parties. Then, a system of sanctions in the form of fines is given to parties who are considered detrimental to other parties.
Relevansi Nilai ‘Ngo Mbeong’ dalam membentuk Etos Kerja Mahasiswa Manggarai di Jayapura
Authors: Darmawan Hironimus , Sokoy Fredrik , Rahmanto Muhammad Ichsan
Published: September 2022

This article aims to describe and analyze the reasons Manggarai students choose to migrate in Jayapura City and choose to study while working, as well as describe and analyze the influence of cultural values on work ethic in Manggarai students who study while working in Jayapura City. Method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. To obtain objective data, I used observation and in-depth interviews. The data analysis used includes the stages of data reduction, data exposure and data interpretation. The results of this study indicate that Manggarai students who migrate to college while working in Jayapura City have a hard work ethic, discipline, independence, togetherness and mutual help. The formation of their work ethic is influenced by the relevance of cultural values that can form a work ethic. In order to support the needs of daily life and while studying, Manggarai students choose to study while working, the cultural values embedded in them have a strong influence. The cultural values they have are embedded in themselves as a driving force to grow and form a high spirit of work ethic.
Pengembangan Ekowisata Mangrove berbasis Masyarakat Desa Batu Ampar Kabupaten Anambas
Authors: Jailani Abd Qodir , Hambali Hambali , Zuska Firkawin
Published: September 2022

Anambas Islands tourism is supported by most of the natural potential that has selling power to tourists, one of which is mangrove ecotourism. This study will discuss the development of community-based mangrove ecotourism by looking at the community's perspective in planning, implementing, and managing ecotourism. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods and participatory observation in Batu Ampar Village to be able to describe or explain clearly what facts are in the field. The data were analyzed descriptively and then the SWOT analysis was used to analyze the management strategy in developing mangrove tourism areas based on the community's perspective. The results of the study show that the community already has its own plans for the development of mangrove ecotourism based on existing local knowledge and the entire community is ready to support future development, and is open to tourists who want to visit. With the presence of mangrove ecotourism in Batu Ampar Village, the community hopes to open new jobs and develop existing UMKM. However, from the tourism manager, there are still many things that must be developed in the mangrove ecotourism of Batu Ampar Village to make it a sustainable tourism object.
Pergeseran Sistem Kepemimpinan Tradisional pada Masyarakat Adat Kampung Ayapo Kabupaten Jayapura
Authors: Sudayasa I Made , Frank Simon Abdi K. , Rumansara Enos H.
Published: September 2022

This article aims to describe and identify the shift in traditional leadership in Kampung Ayapo. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The results showed that the ondoafi position was a patrilineal lineage, the implication being that power or position was acquired. An ondoafi has a very important position in the village community so an ondoafi must be able to play more roles in the leader of his group. Because the requirements to become ondoafi are quite heavy to fulfill so that the person who appears as the leader of ondoafi is really a person who not only has a hereditary relationship with the ancestors of the village founder, but also has certain qualities that are demanded as a leader. When there was contact with outsiders, traditional shifts began to appear, the change began when missionaries came to Ayapo village with new teachings that significantly changed their beliefs and beliefs, strengthened again during the second world war which also brought the same teachings. . its peak when the formation of the village in 1979 (now kampong) brought about a considerable shift in the role, authority, function and power of ondoafi as traditional leaders in Ayapo Village.
Phytochemistry and nutraceutical properties of Carica papaya (Linn.): A review
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Singh Ram Lakhan , Pathak Neelam , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Tripathi Manikant , Mondal Sukanta
Published: September 2022

Nutraceuticals derived from a medicinal plant having therapeutic significance are a gift to mankind to acquire healthy life. Carica papaya Linn. (aricaceae) commonly known as papaya. It is a significant fruit tree and is found in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The extract from various parts of plant especially fruit and leaves contains many phytonutrients viz; vitamin A, B1, and vitamin C, calcium hydrate charcoal, phosphorus, iron, protein as well as some endopeptidases like namely papain, glycyl endopeptidase, chymopapain, and caricain. The extract of this plant is identified to be efficacious against diversified ailments like malaria, inflammation, digestive disorder, Microbes, Fungi, and many infectious disorders. Its prophylactic and therapeutic values enhance immunity and ensure a healthier life. Each part of this plant has its nutraceutical properties.Keywords: Nutraceuticals, Carica papaya, Papain, Caricain, Chymopapain
THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL DAKWAH ON EDUCATION AND ISLAMIZATION: A Case Study at “Desa Santri”, Kajen, Pati
Authors: Shavir Ravida Chauria
Published: September 2022

Syaikh Ahmad Mutamakkin is a well-known advocate of Islamic conversion and dissemination in Java, particularly in the Pati area. He lived in the 17th century, during the reign of the great Sultan of Mataram. According to the study, cultural preaching has a connection to the development of “Santri Village” in Kajen, Pati. This qualitative study employs a case study and employs observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The study revealed the development of the “Desa Santri,” which is a counterculture and alternative values among communities, with its original value and culture development manifesting itself in three forms: local wisdom, education, and Islamization. Furthermore, the study reveals how Shaykh Mutamakkin's messages were accepted in communities where Islam was still in the minority at the time.
POLA KOMUNIKASI KEAGAMAAN PADA KOMUNITAS KHILAFATUL MUSLIMIN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kholid Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya anggapan bahwa sistem pemerintahan Khilafah harus ditegakkan di Indonesia yang sudah sejak lama bermunculan dari beberapa elemen masyarakat di Indonesia. Lebih tepatnya awal mula upaya penegakan Khilafah ini dilakukan sejak pasca orde baru. Namun upaya – upaya tersebut hingga saat ini pun menjadi asumsi minoritas di negeri ini, sebab argumentasi tersebut sangat bertolak belakang dengan dasar ideologi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) yaitu Pancasila. Maka dari itu peneliti memilih kelompok Khilfatul Muslimin sebagai salah satu kelompok pembela asumsi Khilafah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan Etnografi Komunikasi. Teori yang digunakan adalah Speech Code Theory dan Teori Interaksi Simbolik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi partisipan, snow ball sampling, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini yakni analisis tentang peristiwa, situasi, dan tindakan komunikatif diharapkan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat khusus nya dalam aspek etnografi dan budaya dalam komunikasi.

Kata Kunci :  Pola Komunikasi, Khilafatul Muslimin, Komunitas Keagamaan
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI UMMAT BERBASIS ZAKAT
Authors: Fajar M.Samson
Published: September 2022

Empowerment, conceptually is empowerment derived from the word 'power' (power or empowerment). In this context, empowerment is a process and purpose. Empowerment process is a series of activities to strengthen the power or empowerment of weaker groups in society, including individuals who experience poverty problem. For the purpose of empowerment refers to circumstances or results to be achieved by a social change, ie an empowered community, have power or have the knowledge and ability in meeting the needs of economic life is both physical, and social. While the meaning of charity in the context of jurisprudence is the amount of certain assets that are required of God handed to the person entitled. From the definition above, the economic empowerment of community-based charity is a process or series of activities to raise the economic potential of community both in personal life (syakhsîah), family (usroh), community (umma) and even state and nation to create an empowered community economy, based on the values ​​of zakat.
MEMAHAMI KONSTRUKSI MODERASI BERAGAMA DI MEDIA MASSA: PERSPEKTIF FRAMING ROBERT M. ENTMAN ATAS BERITA REPUBLIKA ONLINE
Authors: Sunaryanto Sunaryanto , Syamsuri Ahmad Rofi , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: September 2022

This study aims to interpret the news of religious moderation in Republika Online. The research data used is from the documentation of religious moderation news in Republika Online. The theory used is the framing of Robert N. Entman. The conclusion of the study is that the news of religious moderation in the Republika Online media is a text that has multiple interpretations. Overall, the framing built by the Republic of Indonesia Online is moderate and in line with moderate by developing tolerance and building nationalism. In the end, news of religious moderation in the Republika Online media is a text that has multiple interpretations. The news can be interpreted in different ways according to the different ideological contexts by each newsreader. Like the constructionist school of thought, there is no right or wrong in interpreting news texts, because news texts are subjective constructions of reality. Although subjective, Republika Online tries to build news framing more on nationalism. In the news of religious moderation related to Muslims, Republika Online develops a framing that does not only defend Muslims. As a national media, Republika Online tries to develop a framing that can be accepted by the wider community, both Muslim and non-Muslim communities.
Per aspera ad astra simul: Through difficulties to the stars together
Authors: Jones David , Kabath Petr , Garcia-Rojas Jorge , Hanus Josef , Jakubik Marian , Janik Jan , Nagy Roman , Toth Juraj
Published: September 2022

In this article, we detail the strategic partnerships "Per Aspera Ad Astra Simul" and "European Collaborating Astronomers Project: Espana-Czechia-Slovakia", and the educational activities that have been carried out as part of these grants. This highlights the potential of Key Action 2 of the ERASMUS+ programme to support projects international educational projects, as well as the great impact that such projects can have on the general public and on the continued development of early career researchers.
Interaction of metsulfuron and nitrogen fertilizer in Tall Fescue forage systems
Authors:   , Adams Mikaela
Published: September 2022

Tall Fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) is an introduced cool-season bunch grass that is a vital component of forage systems that support beef cattle production in Missouri and much of the eastern United States. This cool-season grass is known for its high forage yield and resistance to environmental stressors such as drought, pest, and grazing. The resilience of tall fescue to stress is attributed to a symbiotic relationship with the fungal endophyte Epichloe coenophiala, which produces ergot-like alkaloids that can negatively impact livestock performance. Replacement of alkaloid producing tall fescue cultivars, such as K31, has been suggested as a strategy to reduce ergot-like alkaloid consumption by livestock; however, this requires extensive resources and time. It has been reported to cost $250 to $400 per acre to replace tall fescue, with an additional 18 months of no grazing while new species emerge. Most current research efforts have focused on managing tall fescue to reduce toxicity risk by decreasing amounts of alkaloids consumed by livestock. Removing parts of the plant, such as the stems and seedheads, that contain greater concentrations of alkaloids by physical or chemical seedhead suppression has proven to be a successful strategy. A metsulfuron herbicide and nitrogen fertilizer were applied on pastures grazed by stocker cattle for three years to evaluate impacts on toxicity and productivity of the forage system. Metsulfuron herbicide reduced seedhead density by 80 percent and decreased ergovaline production; however, this management strategy also caused a decrease in forage yield. Nitrogen fertilizer recovered forage yield losses due to metsulfuron herbicide. Seedhead reduction in response to metsulfuron has potential for reducing alkaloid exposure when grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue.
Demographic and trend analysis of COVID-19 test results of Boone County, Missouri
Authors:   , Dahu Butros Maher
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a deep influence on American life. However, the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic has not been distributed equally among members of a population based on their demographic features. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sex, age, race/ethnicity, and religion were associated with COVID-19 testing and positivity rates in Boone County, Missouri for 22 months period (March 2020 to December 2021) of the pandemic. We analyzed the data using age distribution histograms with each demographic feature. We also computed two-way delta tables to highlight our study findings. These tables show that males with 0.012 delta percentage are significantly more likely to test COVID positive than females with -0.015 delta percentage. Black or African American "NONE" of 0.0072 delta percentage are significantly more likely to test COVID positive than White individuals of -0.0075 delta percentage. Our study results supported the hypothesis that males and minority races such as Black or African American and All-Other are more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Additionally, we analyzed the data using the trend analysis graphs with each demographic feature across a collection of defined epochs of key events, such as vaccine release, delta variant, vaccine boosters, and omicron. Our study results supported the hypothesis that males and minority races such as Black or African Americans and All-Other are more likely to have a higher COVID-19 positivity rate across our defined epochs. Additionally, we explore interesting deviations between demographics within various epochs.
Topical therapeutic strategies for the treatment of corneal fibrosis in veterinary species
Authors:   , Fuchs Allison
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of a novel combination of TRAM-34 and ascorbic acid applied topically in vivo in native and alkali injured rabbit corneas. Methods: Twelve New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into 2 groups (6 rabbits/group). Native healthy eyes were treated OD BIDx5 days with either treatment (combination TRAM-34 25[mu]M (Tocris Biosciences, Bristol, UK) and ascorbic acid 10 percent (TVC)) or control (BSS). Rabbits underwent an axial corneal wound OS using an established model. Groups were treated OS BIDx5 days. Degree of corneal opacity, ocular health, safety, and efficacy were determined utilizing the Fantes grading scale and modified McDonald-Shadduck (mMS) scoring system. Immunohistochemical and microscopy techniques evaluated corneal fibrotic markers at study conclusion (day 28). Results: Combination therapy was well tolerated in all eyes, with no significant differences in mMS scores, IOP, or central corneal thickness (CCT) between treatment and control groups. Significant differences in mMS scores between groups were found at day 1 (p=0.0001), 2 (p=0.0001), 3 (p=0.0001), 4 (p=0.0285), 14 (p=0.0041) and 28 (p=0.0002). Significant differences in Fantes scores were detected between groups at day 7 (p=0.001), 14 (p=0.0027), and 28 (p=0.0001). Significant differences in CCT between groups were found at days 7 (p=0.036), 14 (p=0.0495), and 28 (p=0.0487). Laboratory testing of corneal tissues demonstrated decreased fibrosis in treatment versus control groups at day 28. Conclusions: Novel bi-modal TVC topical therapy was well tolerated and demonstrated improved corneal wound healing and reduction in fibrotic changes in TVC treated rabbits compared to controls.
Evaluation of a relatively hyperosmolar irrigation solution for use in equine femorotibial arthroscopy
Authors:   , Hayden Lyndsey
Published: September 2022

Hyperosmolar irrigation solutions have been shown to decrease fluid extravasation during arthroscopic procedures and safety has been demonstrated in canine and human studies. Prospective, blinded, randomized controlled trial was performed to compare lactated Ringer's solution (273 mOsm/L) and a hyperosmolar (600 mOsm/L) irrigation solution for an exploratory medial femorotibial joint arthroscopy. Primary outcomes focused on the amount of periarticular fluid retention based on change in stifle girth and ultrasonographic (US) measurements. The water content of the tissue samples was assessed, and viability of the cartilage tissue was determined. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) whether an irrigation solution that is hyperosmolar relative to synovial fluid decreases tissue extravasation during an arthroscopic protocol when compared to a relatively hypoosmolar solution, (2) the safety of a hyperosmolar solution by assessing the viability of joint tissues after joint irrigation, (3) if the use of a hyperosmolar solution decreases water content in stifle tissue. There was not a significant difference in joint swelling between hyperosmolar (Hyper) and lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) treatment groups. Percent increments in femorotibial joint dimensions (mean [plus or minus] S.D.) were seen in both treatment groups based on US (LRS, 83.9 [plus or minus] 84.6 percent; HYPER, 131.2 [plus or minus] 144.9 percent) and caliper measurements (LRS 5.5 [plus or minus] 4.3 percent; HYPER 7.5 [plus or minus] 5.8 percent) (p[less than or equal to]0.05). Chondrocyte viability and tissue water content were well maintained in both treatment groups, and differences were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that approximately doubling the osmolarity of the standard irrigation solution used for arthroscopy did not result in detrimental effects on chondrocyte viability or tissue water content, it did not significantly reduce tissue swelling.
Pathway curator: an online webserver extracting genes and interactions from figures
Authors:   , Mao Ziting
Published: September 2022

In the biomedical literature, gene pathways are frequently included. Many high-quality gene pathways are illustrated in the form of visuals and text, making them valuable study tools for biological processes and precision medicine. Pathway maps and literature texts provide researchers with access to a huge number of new biological treatments. For general usage, these pathway maps should be logically ordered, coordinated, and converted into a computer-readable format. Currently, keeping up with the rapid increase of the literature requires laborious extraction of information from a publication at a time. A gene pathway map recognition system is devised and implemented in this study. Based on the pathway map and relevant information supplied by users, the system extracts gene identity and gene interaction information, and the automated extraction from pathway maps is efficient. Furthermore, the tool offers users with a full view of a certain illness's pathway, which is useful for researchers and can speed up the research process in a variety of biomedical applications. This thesis first explains the project's goal and provides the background information. The project's design ideas are then presented, as well as an analysis of the system and introductions to related platforms. After that, the system's implementations are described one by one, together with the deployment and testing processes. Finally, potential improvements and future work are discussed.
Romantic partner communication, familism values, and Latinx young adults' relationship maintenance
Authors:   , Quinn Dawson E.
Published: September 2022

Young adulthood is characterized by an increased focus on serious, long-term relationships. Stressors such as negative communication within couples can impede the enactment of pro-social, relationship maintenance behaviors, which may be especially salient for Latinx young adults who place importance on personal relationships. Familism, a cultural value that emphasizes supportive bonds and a cognitive orientation towards maintaining relationships, may protect against negative communication by inspiring more prosocial responding. In a sample of 475 Latinx young adults (M = 24.8 years, SD = 3.22), I found that negative communication (e.g., partners' propensity to withdrawal or criticize during interactions) was inversely associated with individuals' own relationship maintenance enactment (e.g., affectionate and supportive efforts to sustain the relationship). However, familism buffered the association between negative communication and relationship maintenance; in instances of low familism, participants who observed more negative communication reported fewer relationship maintenance behaviors. Conversely, under conditions of high familism, the association between negative communication and relationship maintenance was no longer significant. Findings reinforce the negative effects of maladaptive communication in relationships more broadly and highlight the protective role of cultural values for Latinx relationships.
From the body to language: life and mind in literature and film from the Modernist Era to the present
Authors:   , Lang Peter Michael
Published: September 2022

My dissertation focuses on the ways in which twentieth-century literature intersects with theories of living systems and biosemiotics, the biological capacity for meaning making. My critical readings highlight the process of subjective emergence in Beckett, the drawing out of a world in Woolf, a dynamic, embodied socio-political subjectivity and resistance in Wright and Ellison, and the parallel emergence of art and life in the films of David Lynch. These works present a step-by-step reading that grounds subjectivity in biological processes and demonstrate that an understanding of the coemergence of subject and world, and by extension meaning-making, is a wholly embodied phenomenon. Reading with a focus on the biological foundations of meaningmaking supplemented by the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze at once dissolves the partition between the individual and the objective world so often identified in the literature as well as mobilizes these texts in order to draw out a theory of biosemiotics that is as much aesthetic as it is scientific.
Yersinia pestis YopJ and its impact on innate immunity
Authors:   , Marks Kayla Danielle
Published: September 2022

Yersinia pestis is one of the most virulent pathogens known to man, with the most impactful epidemics in human history. As the causative agent for the plague, Y. pestis has demonstrated its propensity to ravage through animal and human populations. As a zoonotic disease that can confer transmission between different species of mammals, this further illustrates the importance of plague research. Today, plague still has a foothold in several countries such as India and Madagascar. Worldwide outbreaks led to its ranking as number 5 in emerging zoonotic diseases by the Centers for Disease Control in 2019. Despite the gratuitous devastation it has displayed worldwide, Y. pestis has piqued interest in use for bioterrorism from multiple superpowers. Given the exhibition of its reach in the 14th century, and its conserved methods of pathogenesis in other pathogens, plague studies demonstrate a broader impact in elucidating the mechanisms of infectious diseases.
Where are all the good men? A case study of male elementary and early childhood education majors at the University of Central Missouri
Authors:   , Ritter Katherine
Published: September 2022

The low number of male elementary and early childhood teachers is problematic in the United States (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2020). Of the 1.8 million public school elementary teachers (pre-Kindergarten-6th grade) in the 2017-2018, and male elementary teachers accounted for 11 percent of the total (NCES, 2020). Colleges of education have also experienced low numbers of enrollment for male preservice teachers. This qualitative case study sought to understand the experiences of male preservice teachers and graduates of the elementary and/or early childhood education program at the University of Central Missouri. Interviews with current male preservice teachers, male graduates, and current and former faculty at UCM, as well as a focus group and observations, were conducted to understand the experiences of these male elementary preservice teachers. The study produced the overarching theme of the power of social connections, which influenced recruitment and retention of male elementary preservice teachers and male elementary teachers. Recommendations for practices of colleges of education include recommendations in the areas of administration, curriculum, faculty behaviors, and collaboration, all stemming from the overarching theme of social connection and the findings from interviews, observations, and focus grouping.
A friend that sticks closer than a brother: a hermeneutic phenomenological analysis of resilience in Black bereaved mothers that have lost a child to gun violence
Authors:   , Williams Natilie Y.
Published: September 2022

Despite literature considering the impact of child loss on parents, communication scholars have yet to examine the resilience of bereaved Black mothers. Specifically, this present study examined the role of Black sisterhood and spirituality as tools of resilience for 15 Black bereaved mothers that have lost a child to gun violence. Semi-structured interviews were combined with hermeneutic phenomenology, the communication theory of resilience, and the strong Black woman collective theory. Results revealed that Black bereaved mothers used interpersonal and spiritual relationships to grapple with the new reality of violent child loss. Black sisterhood offered social support and safe place to discuss grief. Spirituality allowed participants to admit being angry with God. Spirituality also offered divine encounters for participants to interact with their deceased child. The communication theory of resilience highlighted how participants often used social media groups to commune with other mothers that were suffering from child loss. Social media groups appeared as an extended communication network that many participants found extremely beneficial.
Access to high-quality and effective teachers through a para-to-teacher grow your own program
Authors:   , Lancaster Melissa D.
Published: September 2022

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 6/1/2023] This study investigated how a Grow Your Own (GYO) paraprofessional-to-teacher program increased access to a workforce of teacher educators in the rural areas of southwest Missouri. The teacher shortage has been described as a national crisis (Garcia and Weiss, 2020; McHenry-Sorber and Campbell, 2019; Sutcher et al., 2016). Researchers have argued that repercussions are felt at the local district level and community contexts must be considered when offering solutions (Behrstock-Sherratt, 2016; Darling-Hammond and Podolsky, 2019; Mc-Henry-Sorber and Campbell, 2019). Participants involved in this research included local school district superintendents, completers and candidates of the program, and the executive director of an education center. Data from cross-sectional surveys were investigated (Fink, 2017; Mertens, 2020), documents and records were analyzed, and an interview was conducted to collect qualitative data (Seidman, 2013). Data were analyzed using a constant comparative analysis method to identify relationships and quantitative methods were utilized to identify descriptive statistics and develop frequency tables (Mertens, 2020). Following analysis of the data and identification of themes, assertions were formed in relation to how this GYO para-to-teacher pathway impacted access to teachers (Creswell, 2013; Merriam and Tisdell, 2016). The research found that the pillars of innovation, support, and relationships provided a bridge by which paraprofessionals transitioned into licensed teachers.
Diversity and evolution of the sauropsid trigeminal sensory system
Authors:   , Lessner Emily J.
Published: September 2022

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 6/1/2023] Understanding the evolution of sensory perception is essential in explaining organismal behavior. Organisms using environmental stimuli to navigate their environments, avoid predation, capture prey, and find a mate, have a selective advantage. One player in organismal fitness is how and how well organisms perceive, interpret, and react to signals from their environments. Perceptions are the organized properties of physical stimuli from the environment and are modulated by the nervous system. Several key innovations in early vertebrate evolution, such as ectodermal placodes and neural crest cells, enhanced the nervous system and increased the range and types of stimuli organisms could perceive. The new body plan resulting from these innovations included a cranium capable of respiration, feeding, and information acquisition via numerous sensory organs and a segmental series of pharyngeal arches. The first pharyngeal arch includes the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve (CN V), and its associated vasculature and is the primary somatosensory nerve of the vertebrate head. The trigeminal nerve mediates sensory perception in the first pharyngeal arch as the arch engages in feeding behavior. The trigeminal system, though conserved in general form, is diverse across vertebrates, particularly sauropsids, which have evolved extreme forms of cranial somatosensation as in probe-feeding birds, infrared-sensing pit vipers, and touch-sensitive crocodilians. It remains to be understood how these adaptations for cranial sensation evolved among different clades of sauropsids, including specific lineages of lepidosaurs, crocodylians, and birds. Previous research has used osteological structures to predict nervous tissue anatomy in small ranges of extinct dinosaur and crocodylian species. However, these hypotheses require thorough testing using modern imaging, morphometrics, and phylogenetic comparative methods. Overall, we still lack consistent anatomical means of comparing relative sensation across lineages of reptiles, and the origins of extreme forms of sensation in the clade remain largely unexplored. This research identifies patterns in form, function, and evolution of the sauropsid trigeminal system. Osteological and soft tissue structures of the trigeminal system are compared in both embryonic and adult sauropsids to understand their relationship, physiology, and morphology. These data were compared to behavioral and ecological data from the literature and form-function relationships hypothesized across environments. From this knowledge, I draw conclusions on the presence of soft tissues in extinct taxa as well as their behaviors and ecologies and evolution of the system. This research will clarify the relationships between structure, function, behavior, and ecology of the extant reptilian trigeminal system to better understand evolutionary patterns of sensation.
Partisan media effect in new context: considering influences of multi-party system, cultural and social factors, and national identity on affective polarization in South Korea
Authors:   , Park Jihye
Published: September 2022

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 6/1/2023] The main goal of this study is to examine partisan media and its effects on affective polarization in a new cultural and political context, specifically incorporating the case of South Korea as a comparison to the U.S. This comparative study considers political, cultural, social, and racial factors that may influence affective polarization and examine how these factors interact with partisans' media consumption, further enhancing affective polarization. That is, this study investigates how polarizing effects of partisan media vary depending on political (e.g., political party system: two-party vs. multi-party), cultural (e.g., collectivism vs. individualism), and social (e.g., social and racial homogeneity vs. diversity) factors. The current study allows political scholars to better understand circumstances necessary for partisan media to generate affective polarization. Lastly, the study examines the effects of national identity salience on reducing out-group hostility and determine if this type of intervention has differential effects depending upon cultural differences between South Korea and the U.S. Two experimental surveys were conducted in South Korea and the U.S., respectively, to examine the causes and potential remedies to affective political polarization. This study found that polarizing effects of partisan media were observed in both countries, but depolarizing effects of mainstream media was found only in the U.S. In terms of cultural, institutional, and social factors, this study did not find interaction effects of culture and multi-party systems with pro-partisan media use on polarization. However, results demonstrate that both collectivist culture and major party support are related to increased affective polarization by intensifying ingroup affection. In addition, this study found that out-group hostility was heightened in multi-racial contexts. Specifically, compared to racial minorities, in-group media use among racial majority members raised hostile evaluations of out-party supporters in the U.S. Lastly, this study did not find a direct effect of national identity primes on reducing outgroup hostility, but the national identity prime indirectly reduced intergroup tension by intensifying national pride. In addition, the effect of the national identity prime on national pride was stronger for those higher on collectivism and patriotism.
Hybrid truck-drone systems for last-mile delivery logistics
Authors:   , Salama Mohamed
Published: September 2022

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 6/1/2023] With growing consumer demand and expectations, companies are attempting to achieve cost-efficient and faster delivery operations. The integration of autonomous vehicles, such as aerial and ground drones, in the last-mile network design, could curtail many operational challenges and provide a competitive advantage. This dissertation deals with the problem of delivering orders to a set of customer locations using multiple drones that operate in conjunction with a single truck. Four variants of the problem are considered. The first variant takes advantage of the drone eet by parallelizing the delivery tasks via concurrently dispatching the drones from a truck parked at a focal point (ideal drone launch location) to the nearby customer locations. The key decisions to be optimized are the partitioning of delivery locations into small clusters, identifying a focal point per cluster, and routing the truck through all focal points such that the customer orders in each cluster are fulfilled either by a drone or truck. The first problem variant restricts each focal point to one of the customer locations, while the second addresses the same delivery problem when allowing truck viii stops to be anywhere in the delivery area (i.e., a customer or non-customer location). Mathematical programming models are developed to jointly optimize both the clustering and routing decisions. The third variant suggests allowing the usage of non-customer locations (referred to as exible sites) as truck stops for drone launch and recovery operations (LARO). This relaxes a common constraint in the literature restricting the drone LARO to customer locations. The proposed variant also accounts for three key decisions - (i) assignment of each customer location to a vehicle, (ii) routing of truck and UAVs, and (iii) scheduling drone LARO and truck operator activities at each stop, which are always not simultaneously considered in the literature. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to jointly optimize the three decisions. Furthermore, to handle large problem instances, we develop an optimization-enabled two-phase search algorithm by hybridizing simulated annealing and variable neighborhood search. The fourth variant in this dissertation proposes utilizing a network of docking stations and repositioning of drones to enhance the efficacy of delivery operations. In particular, such stations are used for drone docking before and after delivery operations to avoid both loading all required drones to the truck at the depot and waiting of the truck on its route to recover drones. A MILP model is formulated to optimize the management of this setting of facilities and delivery operations. Finally, extensive computational experiments are conducted in this dissertation for the four variants to obtain several insights aiding the logistics practitioners in decision making.
Spectroscopic studies of transmembrane helical peptides and LC-MS/MS method development and validation for PFAS quantitation
Authors:   , Wei Xing
Published: September 2022

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 6/1/2023] Water hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) to [alpha]-helical transmembrane (TM) peptides is fundamental to understanding the behavior and function of [alpha]-helical peptides, disease pathways, and the development of new drugs. Deep-UV resonance Raman (dUVRR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique amenable to both lipophilic and aqueous environments, which is an excellent and convenient approach for studying water Hbonding (or water accessibility) to [alpha]-helical TM peptides in a membrane mimicking environment. The dUVRR results indicate that water molecules can access the lipid membrane and form H-bonds with carbonyl groups along [alpha]-helical backbones. Raman bands at ~1629 and ~1672 cm-1 can be used to monitor the hydration and dehydration conditions along TM [alpha]-helices. Two bands at ~1300 and ~1340 cm-1 are also potential characteristic features of dehydration and hydration along the [alpha]-helices in a membrane environment. Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of widespread contaminants in the ecosystem, which may cause adverse health effects under high levels of exposure. HPLC-MS/MS is commonly used for accurate and reproducible PFAS quantitation in water systems. Triple quadrupole and q-ToF mass analyzers are commonly used for PFAS quantification. To the best of our knowledge, an ion trap, a cost-effective mass analyzer, has not been utilized for PFAS quantitation. Therefore, we developed and validated an SPE-HPLC-ESI-quadruple ion trap method to perform quantification of 14 different PFAS. Method LOQs for all analytes are below EPA advisory limit of 70 ppt. The calibration curves range from 0.5-140 ng/ml. The method was then applied to evaluate the effectiveness of a supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) reactor for degrading PFAS and the efficiency of resin beads for adsorbing PFAS compounds. The results indicate the SCWO rector is effective in breaking down 14 target PFAS and reducing their total level below EPA advisory limit of 70 ppt and resin beads are effective in removing more than 96 percent PFAS in water and reduce PFAS amounts close to 100 ppt.
The effects of script training on sociodramatic play
Authors:   , Condict Kendall
Published: September 2022

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 6/1/2023] Script training has been effective in teaching various play skills to children with autism. The current study taught thematic scenarios using script training to three children with autism. All three participants' scripted and unscripted-related vocalization length increased following the introduction of scripts, as well as increased independent play actions and script following. The results indicate that script training may successfully promote sociodramatic play in children with autism.