bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penguatan Kapasitas Pelayanan Publik Pemerintahan Desa: Membangun Konstruksi Model Pelayanan Publik Desa
Authors: Marsono Marsono
Published: January 2020

Pembangunan model pelayanan publik desa menjadi hal yang mendesak sejalan dengan meningkatnya kewenangan Pemerintahan Desa sebagaimana diamanatkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Dengan kewenangan yang dimiliki, pemerintahan desa menyusun RPJMDes, APBDes, serta menyusun rencana pembangunan tahunan desa secara mandiri. Dengan demikian, terbuka peluang bagi pemerintahan desa untuk memberikan pelayanan publik yang terbaik kepada seluruh warga masyarakatnya sesuai dengan sifat dan karakteristik Desa masing-masing. Oleh karena itu, dalam perspektif pelayanan publik desa kedepan perlu disusun pola/model pelayanan publik desa sesuai dengan kewenangan yang dimilikinya. Berdasarkan data empiris, pelayanan publik desa selama ini hanya berupa pelayanan administratif berupa surat pengantar, yang selanjutnya masyarakat desa mengurus sendiri ke Kantor Kecamatan dan/atau ke Kantor Dinas Kabupaten/Kota. Untuk menghasilkan sebuah model pelayanan publik desa yang ideal, maka dalam kajian ini digunakan metode analisis yang relevan yaitu deskriptif eksploratif. Metode deskriptif dimaksudkan untuk menelaah dan mendeskripsikan pelayanan publik desa selama ini secara komprehensif. Sedangkan eksploratif lebih kepada upaya mengidentifikasi dan mengekplorasi jenis dan lingkup pelayanan publik desa yang secara tersirat dalam kewenangan-kewenangan yang dimiliki pemerintah desa sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014. Selanjutnya berdasarkan kondisi eksisting dan kewenangan baru yang dimiliki, maka dapat disusun desain/konstruksi model pelayanan publik pemerintahan desa sesuai yang diamanatkan Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa.
Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa Pasca UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa: Potensi Permasalahan dan Solusi
Authors: Prasetyo Antonius , Muis Abdul
Published: January 2020

Lahirnya Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa memberikan desa pengakuan dan kekuasaan baru kepada desa yang selama ini diabaikan dalam pembangunan. Di antara berbagai hal yang tercakup di dalamnya, dana desa merupakan isu yang paling hangat dibicarakan. Desa akan menerima uang dalam jumlah besar tanpa ada presedennya. Sementara sebagian kalangan meragukan kesiapan desa dalam mengelola dana sebesar itu, sebagian lainnya meyakini bahwa desa telah siap. Sesungguhnya, dengan menengok kondisi riil pemerintah dan masyarakat desa saat ini, memang ada risiko bahwa pengelolaan keuangan desa tidak dapat dilakukan secara transparan dan akuntabel. Kompetensi kepala desa dan pendamping desa menjadi dua faktor kunci krusial dari sisi SDM yang memengaruhi keberhasilan pengelolaan keuangan desa. Agar keuangan desa dapat terkelola dengan baik, dibutuhkan pemeriksaan atas kebijakan yang ada, pengawasan yang kuat, dan peningkatan kapasitas serta kesadaran aparatur desa.
ALMA Observations of the Extraordinary Carina Pillars: HH 901/902
Authors: Cortes-Rangel Geovanni , Zapata Luis A. , Toalá Jesús A. , Ho Paul T. P. , Takahashi Satoko , Mesa-Delgado Adal , Masqué Josep M.
Published: January 2020

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array 1.3 mm continuum and C18O(2−1), N2D+(3−2), 13CS(5−4), and 12CO(2−1) line sensitive and high angular resolution (∼0.″3) observations of the famous Carina pillars and protostellar objects HH 901/902. Our observations reveal for the first time, the bipolar CO outflows and the dusty disks (plus envelopes) that are energizing the extended and irradiated Herbig–Haro (HH) objects far from the pillars. We find that the masses of the disks+envelopes are about 0.1 M
⊙ and that the bipolar outflows are between 10−3 and 10−4
M
⊙, which suggests that they could be low- or maybe intermediate-mass protostars. Moreover, we suggest that these young low-mass stars are likely embedded Class 0/I protostars with high-accretion rates. We also show the kinematics of the gas in the pillars together with their respective gas masses (0.1–0.2 M
⊙). We estimate that the pillars will be photoevaporated in 104 to 105 yr by the massive and luminous stars located in the Trumpler 14 cluster. Finally, given the short photoevaporated timescales and that the protostars in these pillars are still very embedded, we suggest that the disks inside of the pillars will be quickly affected by the radiation of the massive stars, forming proplyds, like those observed in Orion.
NuSTAR Observations of G11.2–0.3
Authors: Madsen K. K. , Fryer C. L. , Grefenstette B. W. , Lopez L. A. , Reynolds S. , Zoglauer A.
Published: January 2020

We present in this paper the hard X-ray view of the pulsar wind nebula in G11.2−0.3 and its central pulsar powered pulsar J1811−1925 as seen by NuSTAR. We complement the data with Chandra for a more complete picture and confirm the existence of a hard, power-law component in the shell with photon index

, which we attribute to synchrotron emission. Our imaging observations of the shell show a slightly smaller radius at higher energies, consistent with Chandra results, and we find shrinkage as a function of increased energy along the jet direction, indicating that the electron outflow in the PWN may be simpler than that seen in other young PWNe. Combining NuSTAR with INTEGRAL, we find that the pulsar spectrum can be fit by a power law with

up to 300 keV without evidence of curvature.
Accretion History of AGNs. II. Constraints on AGN Spectral Parameters Using the Cosmic X-Ray Background
Authors: Ananna Tonima Tasnim , Treister Ezequiel , Urry C. Megan , Ricci C. , Hickox Ryan C. , Padmanabhan Nikhil , Marchesi Stefano , Kirkpatrick Allison
Published: January 2020

We constrain X-ray spectral shapes for the ensemble of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on the shape of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB). Specifically, we rule out regions of X-ray spectral parameter space that do not reproduce the CXB in the energy range 1–100 keV. The key X-ray spectral parameters are the photon index, Γ; the cutoff energy, E
cutoff; and the reflection scaling factor, R. Assuming each parameter follows a Gaussian distribution, we first explore the parameter space using a Bayesian approach and a fixed X-ray luminosity function (XLF). For σ

E
 = 36 keV and σ

R
 = 0.14, fixed at the observed values from the Swift-BAT 70-month sample, we allow

and

to vary subject to reproducing the CXB. We report results for σ
Γ = 0.1–0.5. In an alternative approach, we define the parameter distributions, then forward model to fit the CXB by perturbing the XLF using a neural network. This approach allows us to rule out parameter combinations that cannot reproduce the CXB for any XLF. The marginalized conditional probabilities for the four free parameters are:

and

. We provide an interactive online tool for users to explore any combination of

, σ

E
,

, σ
Γ,

, and σ

R
, including different distributions for each absorption bin, subject to the integral CXB constraint. The distributions observed in many AGN samples can be ruled out by our analysis, meaning these samples cannot be representative of the full AGN population. The few samples that fall within the acceptable parameter space are hard-X-ray-selected, commensurate with their having fewer selection biases.
Sur la signification des rituels royaux éblaïtes (ARET XI) : une mise au point d’après les textes administratifs
Authors: Pasquali Jacopo
Published: January 2020

Quelques textes administratifs éblaïtes fournissent des importantes données pour interpréter les rituels de ARET XI. Une lecture de ces rituels en tant que cérémonie de mariage ainsi que rite de renouvellement de la royauté est confirmée dans cet article, malgré les avis contraires présents dans d’autres études récentes sur le même sujet.
Tell Waresh2, Early Old Babylonian Tablets from the Season of Rescue Excavations (1990)
Authors: Al-Hussainy A. , de Boer Rients , Jawdat MA. J.
Published: January 2020

Dans cet article, quatorze textes issus des fouilles de sauvetage de Tell Waresh2 dans le sud de l’Irak sont publiés. Le site était proche de Nippur et a été détruit à la suite d’ouvrages hydrauliques dans les années 90. Environ soixante-douze objets comportant des écritures cunéiformes ont été découverts, portant pour la plupart des dates appartenant aux rois de Larsa.
Broken young parputtu and parkutu in Old Babylonian Susa
Authors: Oers Lotte
Published: January 2020

L’origine et la signification des mots parputtu et parkutu , utilisés dans certains contrats de prêt provenant de la Suse paléo-babylonienne, posent problème. Dans cet article, les huit clauses stipulant qu’un parputtu ou un parkutu est rompu sur le bétail, pour en faire un gage sont analysées et certaines lectures sont corrigées. Une traduction fondée sur le caractère élamite de ces mots est proposée : le parputtu est un chevreau, le parkutu est un veau. L’exécution de cette pratique, impliquant l’acte de « briser » ces animaux, reste cependant difficile à comprendre.
La « jarre Parrot » de Larsa
Authors: Huot Jean-Louis , Naccaro Hugo
Published: January 2020

À l’aide de photographies inédites de la “jarre de l’orfèvre” retrouvée par André Parrot à Larsa en 1933, et des archives de sa fouille conservées au Musée du Louvre et à la Maison de l’Archéologie & Ethnologie René Ginouvès de Nanterre, cette note revient sur la question des “jarres au trésor” remplies de morceaux d’argent et récupérées sur divers sites du Proche-Orient ancien.
Dur-Abi-ešuh and The aftermath of the attack on Nippur: new evidence from three unpublished letters
Authors: Béranger Marine
Published: January 2020

In this article are published three copies of letters addressed to King Ammi-ditana of Babylon. Discovered in Dur-Abi-ešuh during illicit excavations, these texts are now kept in the Cotsen (Lloyd E.) Cuneiform Tablets Collection at UCLA (Los Angeles). They provide us with valuable information on military activities, the management of agricultural resources, and religious life in central Babylonia during the Late Old Babylonian period.
Gilgamesh dreams of Enkidu: An Old Babylonian tablet of Gilgamesh in the Suleimaniyah Museum
Authors: George Andrew R. , Al-Rawi Farouk N. H.
Published: January 2020

Cet article présente un fragment babylonien de l’épopée de Gilgamesh qui se trouve actuellement au Musée de Suleimaniyah. Le passage conservé décrit comment Gilgamesh rêve de la venue de l’homme sauvage Enkidu. Il a de nombreux points communs avec d’autres versions du même épisode, aussi bien du deuxième que du premier millénaire. L’article compare les similitudes et les différences des différentes versions du passage, et conclut que le fragment de Suleimaniyah est un témoin de plus d’un poème paléo-babylonien de Gilgamesh très diffusé en Babylonie méridionale.
Accusative-initial sentences in YOS 10 omen texts
Authors: Said-Ghanem Nadia Ait
Published: January 2020

L’akkadien est généralement décrit comme étant une langue de structure SOV (sujet-objet-verbe) . Même si d’autres structures que l’ordre sujet-objet-verbe sont visibles dans les textes quand ils sont examinés individuellement, les tendances structurelles d’un corpus entier restent difficiles à établir. Buccellati (1996 : 396) avait recommandé de tester des groupes de textes statistiquement pour faire émerger les tendances structurelles d’un corpus et les textes divinatoires paléo-babyloniens sont un corpus qui peut servir à tester ces tendances et variations. Dans la collection YOS 10, les protases et apodoses commencent régulièrement par un sujet au nominatif, mais aussi par une phrase prépositionnelle ou un adverbe, ou encore par un objet direct à l’accusatif. La série YOS 10 représente une collection de textes particulièrement remarquable pour ses apodoses qui débutent par un accusatif et suivent une construction particulière : ces apodoses contiennent un pronom suffixe qui est toujours attaché au verbe et qui résume l’objet en début de phrase. Le présent article propose de débuter une série d’études sur les structures non-SOV dans les textes divinatoires paléo-babyloniens en s’arrêtant tout d’abord sur les protases et apodoses qui contiennent un objet à l’accusatif en début de phrase. La discussion présentée ici se penchera sur ces structures dans la collection YOS 10 et sur leur fonction. Les analyses linguistiques, anciennes et modernes, sur la fonction de l’objet direct ont démontré que l’objet à l’accusatif porte la nouvelle information dans la phrase, contrairement à la fonction du sujet au nominatif qui porte l’ information connue par le locuteur et l’allocutaire. Ainsi, la fonction des phrases qui débutent par un objet à l’accusatif est non seulement de communiquer l’information nouvelle en premier, mais aussi de contraster les phrases qui communiquent immédiatement l’information connue, par le biais du sujet au nominatif.
Chapitre 2. L’art biotechnologique : une anticipation d’un au-delà de l’humain ?
Authors: Voison Catherine
Published: January 2020

Les artistes de l’art biotechnologique manipulent la matière vivante en laboratoire et orientent à leur gré les trajectoires d’évolution des organismes pour produire in vitro et in vivo des entités vivantes inédites. Ces méta carnations issues des techniques contemporaines de la biologie font apparaître les utopies inquiétantes d’un vivant en devenir et avivent les craintes et les dangers de dérives non contrôlées. D’un point de vue éthico-politique, la question est de savoir si de tels travaux peuvent susciter une possible prise de conscience critique des techniques biotechnologiques ou si, au contraire, ces conduites « bioartistiques » révèlent une inertie morale liée à la fascination des artistes pour la reprogrammation technique du vivant. En d’autres termes, au nom de l’art et dans une société libérale où prévaut l’autonomie artistique, la question est de savoir, dans quelle mesure, ces artistes doivent-ils ou peuvent-ils fabriquer des entités vivantes jusqu’à présent invisibles et impensables sans courir le risque de nous faire perdre raison et lucidité sur nos conditions d’existence à venir ?
Sans la pédagogie (différenciée), que de paroles creuses !
Authors: Zakhartchouk Jean-Michel
Published: January 2020

Alors que revient au plus haut sommet de l’État le discours sur les « fondamentaux », faut-il encore démontrer, en matière d’éducation artistique, l’efficience des principes et des méthodes de l’éducation nouvelle dite « différenciée » ? Ardent défenseur de ce qu’on appelle encore « éducation nouvelle » bien qu’elle ait presque un siècle d’existence, l’auteur propose une réflexion sur le rôle que peut jouer une éducation artistique et culturelle, avant d’exposer quelques pistes pour que cette éducation soit effective et réalisable dans le cadre de l’école, en se démarquant du discours sur les « fondamentaux », entrave à une éducation démocratique. Il mobilise ainsi une pédagogie différenciée qui implique une grande souplesse dans les pratiques, loin de tout dogmatisme ou de toute méthode standard d’enseignement.
Manifeste pavillonnaire
Authors: Chauvier Éric
Published: January 2020

Le périurbain pavillonnaire français est régulièrement associé à des territoires sans qualité. On dénonce sa mocheté, son absence de vertu écologique, ses modes de vie standardisés, son aliénation. Ces jugements relèvent cependant davantage d’une attitude urbano-centrée que d’analyses éclairées. Depuis des décennies les expertises des métropoles ont produit des angles morts, des zones définies par défaut : autour de la ville (périurbaine, périmétropolitaine), après la campagne (post-rurale), au-delà de l’économie (post-industrielle). Il n’existe pas, à proprement parler, d’analyses positives de ces lieux dont les modes d’habiter sont pourtant fortement chargés en imaginaire et propices à la créativité. À force d’immersion, j’y ai découvert que les « périurbains » étaient une fiction de sociologues et de géographes accomplissant le tour de force de constituer un groupe compact et autonome. Si les villes produisent désormais des émotions esthétiques standardisées, les périphéries offrent au contraire des laboratoires d’expérimentations illimitées, où chaque habitant peut projeter ses scénarios sensibles. Bien sûr, ces territoires comportent les traits apparents de l’aliénation (mobilité pendulaire, dépendance à l’automobile et à l’hypermarché, vie sociale stéréotypée par suite d’absence d’espace public), mais ce zoning illimité d’ambiances indistinctes – absence quasi totale de planification urbaine – constitue aussi une puissante réserve poétique.
Podcast : le grand retour du son
Authors: Bouton Rémi
Published: January 2020

La radio, premier média électrique, premier média en direct, est sans doute le dernier à faire sa révolution numérique. Véritable opportunité, puisque le podcast apparaît comme le grand retour du son. Les jeunes sont chaque année plus nombreux à écouter ces programmes sonores qui n’ont jamais été diffusés à la radio, au point que même les radios se mettent à produire des podcasts pour ne pas les diffuser à l’antenne ! Cette révolution du son, qui concerne également la presse écrite, le livre et dans une moindre mesure la télévision et l’audiovisuel, ouvre grande la porte à l’autoproduction. Tout le monde veut créer son podcast. Difficile de s’y retrouver dans ce brouhaha : il manque encore les outils de mesure, de recommandation, et bien sûr l’économie qui pourra supporter le développement de ce secteur. Reste que le podcast est l’avenir de la radio. Une radio pour chacun plutôt qu’une radio pour tous, interactive et à la demande, ouverte sur une multitude de productions et de producteurs, de créations et de créateurs. Une radio enfin numérique.
Sortir de la honte
Authors: Thibaut Carole
Published: January 2020

Le viol et les agressions sexuelles n’épargnent pas, loin s’en faut, le monde culturel, encore largement gouverné, sur ces sujets, par la loi du silence qui ajoute une autre violence à celle déjà subie. Se vivant et étant regardé comme hors du commun, le milieu culturel partage pourtant les visions les plus rétrogrades et destructrices qui circulent dans la société française. Comment comprendre, accepter que dans les milieux culturel et artistique cette parole soit à ce point censurée, foulée aux pieds, méprisée et violentée ? On ne peut plus continuer à se bercer de l’illusion que les mondes de l’art et de la culture en France échappent aux tendances générales de la société.
Le biomimétisme : révolution dans l’architecture ?
Authors: Chayaamor-Heil Natasha
Published: January 2020

Les architectes se sont toujours inspirés de la nature, généralement pour imiter la beauté de ses formes. Les progrès techniques d’observation à très petite échelle permettent aujourd’hui d’avoir une connaissance plus approfondie du fonctionnement de la nature et offrent une source de connaissance et d’inspiration nouvelle pour l’architecture. Le biomimétisme cherche essentiellement à s’inspirer de la nature pour inventer des solutions écologiques. Dans le domaine de la construction, il peut dorénavant s’appliquer à l’architecture à tous les niveaux : matériaux auto-guérisseurs, ventilations passives, systèmes d’auto-régulation, façades bioclimatisées, villes régénératives, etc. Le biomimétisme pourrait offrir une nouvelle voie, très prometteuse, à l’architecture. Laquelle ne donnerait plus uniquement forme et mesure à l’espace, mais pourrait relier le bâti à son environnement, et contribuer ainsi à la résilience de notre civilisation.
La restitution du patrimoine culturel africain, une chance à saisir
Authors: Soro Kassoum Batjeni
Published: January 2020

Le discours d’Emmanuel Macron sur la restitution du patrimoine culturel africain a donné un nouvel espoir aux Africains dans la quête de restitution de leur patrimoine. Mais pour que la promesse faite par la France ne reste pas lettre morte, les pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne doivent organiser les modalités pratiques de cette opération et opter pour une restitution partielle et progressive. Ils devront s’appuyer sur la convention d’Unidroit sur les biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés, adoptée le 24 juin 1995 à Rome, qui règle juridiquement cette question. Puis organiser des missions d’expertise et d’inventaire afin de dénombrer avec exactitude les biens. Il faudra ensuite consolider les infrastructures, former les personnels et envisager un certain nombre d’actions tant au niveau régional qu’international. L’enjeu est crucial : reconnaître aux Africains la capacité de conserver leur patrimoine par eux-mêmes.
La délimitation des traces d’activités scolaires dans les cahiers en circulation entre école maternelle et familles : une codification qui ne va pas de soi
Authors: Dabestani Marie-Noëlle
Published: January 2020

Une enquête quantitative récente rend compte de la mise en circulation entre école maternelle et familles, de cahiers et de classeurs porteurs de dénominations génériques (cahier de vie) et disciplinaires. Interrogeant la présence de ces formes disciplinaires dès l’école maternelle, nous présentons les résultats d’une étude diachronique des textes institutionnels pré-élémentaires et décrivons la recrudescence progressive d’une logique sous-jacente de performance depuis l’instauration du socle commun. L’enchâssement des logiques de compétences et de performance pourrait agir sur l’interprétation des prescriptions par les enseignants et contribuer à éclairer les pratiques socialement différenciées identifiées dans l’enquête quantitative.
Penser la catastrophe
Authors: Congourdeau Marie-Hélène
Published: January 2020

Produits dans la foulée de catastrophes historiques, les récits apocalyptiques byzantins insèrent ces catastrophes dans un temps structuré allant de la Création à la fin du monde. Ces spéculations connaissent un paroxysme lors de la chute de Constantinople en 1453, proche de l’an 7000 de la Création. Les efforts pour mettre en récit l’histoire universelle depuis la Création jusqu’à la fin des temps, et pour situer dans ce schéma les catastrophes vécues, ont pour objectif ultime (au-delà de toute récupération politique) de rassurer le peuple chrétien en insérant les événements chaotiques qui les frappent dans un scénario cohérent, devant aboutir in fine à la Parousie et à l’éternité.
Better Optic Disc Examination: Wearing Loupes Enhances the Indirect Ophthalmoscope Image
Authors: Buller Alex J , Ramchandani Mahesh , Fenerty Cecelia
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Optic disc examination with the indirect ophthalmoscope is frequently used in the assessment of pediatric glaucoma cases. If the usual viewing eyepieces are removed from the headgear and loupes worn instead, then a greatly magnified view of the disc is seen with little change to technique or ease of examination. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2006;43:102-103.
Kähler Forms for Families of Calabi–Yau Manifolds
Authors: Braun Matthias , Choi Young-Jun , Schumacher Georg
Published: January 2020

Kähler–Einstein metrics for polarized families

(f\colon \mathcal X \to S, \lambda_{\mathcal X/S})

of Calabi–Yau manifolds define a natural hermitian metric on the relative canonical bundle

K_{\mathcal X/S}

. The computation of the curvature form being equal to the pullback of the Weil–Petersson form up to a numerical constant is used for the construction of a Kähler–Einstein form on

\mathcal X

, whose restriction to the fibers is Ricci flat.
By-Laws, Rules and Regulations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.
Published: January 2020

This volume sets out the IMF’s By-Laws, which are adopted under the authority of, and are intended to be complementary to, the IMF’s Articles of Agreement, which are considered to prevail in the event of any conflict. The By-Laws cover a number of topics, including the size and composition of the IMF’s Board of Governors and Executive Board, applications for IMF membership, IMF quotas, voting rights, staff regulations, and the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights.
Malawi
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: January 2020

Economic growth is recovering after last year’s drought and insect
infestations—despite the impact of Tropical Cyclone Idai in the south and political
protests following the May 2019 presidential election. The authorities are requesting an
augmentation of access under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) of 20 percent of quota
(SDR 27.76 million) to finance significant reconstruction imports.
Enhancing the Role of SMEs in the Arab World—Some Key Considerations
Authors: Stepanyan Vahram , Abajyan Gohar , Ndoye Anta , Alnasaa Marwa
Published: January 2020

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are a cornerstone of Arab economies, accounting for over 90 percent of all businesses and providing a major source of new job creation. Governments across the Arab World recognize the important role that SMEs can play in delivering higher and more inclusive growth. Many have rightly placed SME development at the center of growth and jobs strategies to meet the needs of young populations. Authorities have initiated policy interventions and schemes to support SME development. But progress so far has been patchy, and more comprehensive policy action is needed.
Fostering vibrant and competitive SMEs that contribute to employment opportunities and high value-added output requires various stakeholders to deliver on a broad range of factors. Arab governments need a holistic policy approach that addresses the gaps in access to finance, creates an enabling business environment, and upgrades human capital and infrastructure. The approach should also promote an entrepreneurial mindset.
Cote d'Ivoire
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: January 2020

Political uncertainty has risen ahead of the 2020 presidential elections, after the
ruling coalition between President Ouattara’s and former President Bédié’s parties ended
in the summer of 2018. The authorities have requested a one-year program extension to
provide an important stability anchor through 2020. The extension will help meet balance
of payment needs, foster fiscal discipline, and sustain reforms, in turn helping support the
West African Economic and Monetary Union’s external stability. Policies will center on
preserving the program’s momentum, particularly adhering to the 3 percent of GDP
budget deficit ceiling, preserving a moderate risk of debt distress and fostering private sector-led growth.
Zambia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: January 2020

A technical assistance (TA) mission on external sector statistics (ESS) was conducted in Lusaka, Zambia, during March 4–15, 2019. This fifth mission, as part of the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID)—Enhanced Data Dissemination Initiative (EDDI) 2 Project Module 1 on improving balance of payments statistics, was carried out in consultation with the IMF’s African Department (AFR).
Iceland
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: January 2020

Selected Issues
Republic of Equatorial Guinea
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: January 2020

Macroeconomic imbalances have narrowed in the last few years, supported by fiscal consolidation. However, the economic situation and outlook remain difficult, with the economy still in deep recession. GDP is expected to contract for the sixth consecutive year in 2019, driven by a continued strong decline in hydrocarbon output and a stagnant non-oil sector. Imputed net foreign assets (NFAs) at the BEAC turned positive in mid-2019 but are very low. The banking sector remains weak, with high non-performing loans related to government arrears, hindering the recovery of the non-oil sector. The outlook is expected to improve over the medium term, with a gradual recovery of the non-hydrocarbon sector—helped by arrears clearance—and the coming on stream of new hydrocarbon projects, and a strengthening of the external position supported by fiscal consolidation. Risks to the outlook are broadly balanced, with the possibility of lower oil prices offset by upside on hydrocarbon output.
Brief communication: Time step dependence (and fixes) in Stokes
simulations of calving ice shelves
Authors: Berg Brandon , Bassis Jeremy
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The buoyancy boundary condition applied to floating portions of ice sheets and glaciers in Stokes models is numerically ill-posed when the glacier rapidly departs from hydrostatic equilibrium. This manifests in velocity solutions that diverge with decreasing time step size, contaminating diagnostic strain rate and stress fields. This can be especially problematic for models of calving glaciers, where rapid changes in geometry lead to configurations that depart from hydrostatic equilibrium and accurate measures of the stress field are needed. Here we show that the singular behavior can be cured with minimal computational cost by reintroducing a regularization that corresponds to the acceleration term in the stress balance. This regularization provides numerically stable velocity solutions for all time step sizes.
Albert Piétri (1894-1956), ou l’art de l’esquisse
Authors: Woodward Servanne
Published: January 2020

L’esquisse est conçue comme une ébauche ou prise dans une série d’études menant à un tableau « fini ». Pour des raisons diverses, bon nombre de tableaux d’Albert Pietri n’ont pas été complétés—mais l’esquisse mobile et montrant ses reprises et articulations n’en est que plus vigoureuse.
Functional Structure in Standard Arabic and How It Is Derived
Authors: Jouini Kamel
Published: January 2020

The role played by the interpretability of features in the derivation and representation of sentences is a cornerstone of generative analyses of sentence structure. The most important structural aspect of such interpretability is the role played by the requirement that sentences have some representation of subjecthood in syntactic structure – namely, the EPP (Chomsky 1981) or the requirement that the subject of predication be somehow represented in the functional structure of the sentence. The emphasis on such a requirement in syntactic theory has brought forth a more basic characteristic of the derivation of sentences and their representation at the interface – namely, structural relations whereby elements in the grammar are interpreted have to be strictly local and are based on the licensing of functional features (mainly, categorial). The very Merge and movement processes involved in this feature licensing bring elements (probe and goal) closer to each other. The effect of this ‘Probe-Goal Union’ (Miyagawa 2010, p. 35) is that head-head and Spec-head agreement configurations become the basis of the derivation and representation of the functional structure of a language in terms of functional features for the expression of such discourse properties as topic-comment, interrogation, negation, the expression of focus and relativization. Topic-comment constructions, wh-questions, negative contrastive focus constructions, and relative clauses will form the testing ground for the working of such features in the derivation of functional structure of standard Arabic, in both SVO and VSO word orderings.
Chemical Composition and Insecticide Activity of Essential Oil of Mesosphaerum suaveolens Against Nauphoeta cinerea
Authors: Bezerra José Weverton Almeida , Grangeiro Neto Francisco Alves , Pereira Filho Jacques Tavares , Costa Adrielle Rodrigues , Oliveira Arycelle Alves de , Torquato Isabella Hevily Silva , Campos Natália Barbosa , Ribeiro Talina Guedes , Fernandes Priscilla Augusta de Sousa , Pereira Conceiçao Taís de Araújo , Macedo Gledson Ferreira , Feitosa Raimunda Aureniza , Germana Xenia Rodovalho de Alencar , Neto João Cruz , Gonçalo Ma Aparecida Barbosa Ferreira , Rocha Maria Ivaneide
Published: January 2020

Essential oils are compounds produced by secondary plant metabolites and are found in leaf trichomes, moreover, they are characteristic because they present strong odors and present biological activities. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal action of Mesosphaerum suaveolens essential oil against nymphs of Nauphoeta cinerea as well as to characterize the chemical constituents present in it. The EO was extracted by means of hydrodistillation and its chemical characterization was done by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). For the biological assay against cockroaches, nymphs of 20 days old were selected for which they were submitted to different concentrations (50 - 1000 μg/mL oil per air) and mortality was evaluated over 48 hours of EO exposure. As a positive control, ethanol (C2H6O) was used. Have been identified 44 compounds in EO, with β-Caryophyllene (18.57%), sabinene (15.94%) and spatulenol (11.09%) being the major compounds of EO. This showed no activity against the nymphs at any of the concentrations, whereas the positive control caused mortality at all concentrations tested. Thus, the essential oil of M. suaveolens does not present insecticidal properties in low concentrations against the cockroach.
Distemper Encephalomyelitis Presenting with Lower Motor Neuron Signs in a Young Dog
Authors: Green Lauren , Cook Laurie , Martinez Margaret , Green Eric
Published: January 2020

A 4 mo old spayed female mixed-breed dog was presented for focal lower motor neuron signs of the right forelimb and marked hyperesthesia on axillary palpation. Her signs progressed rapidly over the following days to diffuse lower motor neuron signs in all limbs and a seizure. MRI demonstrated a focal, slightly right-sided, 2.5 cm region of noncontrast-enhancing T2 hyperintensity and T1 isointensity at C4–C5 spinal cord segments. Imaging of the brain was unremarkable. The dog was euthanized as a result of poor prognosis. Polymerase chain reaction on cerebrospinal fluid and immunohistochemistry of brain tissue were both positive for canine distemper virus. This report documents an atypical presentation of canine distemper encephalomyelitis causing lower motor neuron signs and hyperesthesia.
Single-Port Laparoscopic Treatment and Outcome of Dogs with Ovarian Remnant Syndrome: 13 Cases (2010–2018)
Authors: Percival Aaron , Singh Ameet , Gartley Cathy , Balsa Ingrid , Case J. Brad , Mayhew Philipp D. , Oblak Michelle , Brisson Brigitte A. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Valverde Alexander , Alex zur Linden R. , Gatineau Matthieu
Published: January 2020

Ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) is a condition resulting from incomplete removal of ovarian tissue during ovariectomy and/or ovariohysterectomy. Single-port laparoscopy (SPL) is an alternative to ventral midline laparotomy for treatment of ORS. Medical records of 13 client-owned female dogs who underwent SPL for the treatment of ORS were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate surgical technique and outcome. Dogs who had undergone a previous attempt at open ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy were included. Major intraoperative complications did not occur and conversion to open laparotomy was not required. In 1 dog, an SPL + 1 technique was used, in which an additional port was placed cranial to the single-port device to aid in dissection and tissue manipulation. Median surgical time was 45 min (range, 30–90 min). Clinical signs related to estrus had resolved in 11 of 13 dogs with a median follow-up time of 18 mo. Two of 13 dogs were lost to follow-up at 3 mo postoperatively; however, signs of estrus had resolved at time of last follow-up. SPL treatment for ORS was feasible and successful in this cohort of dogs. Reduced surgical time was found in this study compared with previous reports investigating multiple-port laparoscopic treatment of ORS.
Coxofemoral Joint Luxation in Dogs Treated with Toggle Rod Stabilization: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Review with Client Survey
Authors: Trostel C. Todd , Fox Derek B.
Published: January 2020

Coxofemoral luxation is the most common type of joint luxation observed clinically in dogs. This retrospective study determines the complications and outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation of coxofemoral luxations using a toggle rod stabilization in 58 dogs. The purpose of the study was to compare the results with previous studies to ascertain commonalities and differences. A majority of the canine luxations were stabilized using a 4.0 or 3.2 mm commercial toggle rod and either one or two strands of OrthoFiber, FiberWire, or monofilament nylon suture. Postoperative complications developed in 25 of the 58 (43%) dogs, with major complications in 9 cases (15.5%). The most common major complication was reluxation, which occurred in 6 dogs (10%). Five of the 6 cases of reluxation received monofilament suture, although there was not a statistically significant relationship between suture type and reluxation. Owner responses to a questionnaire reported good to excellent results for satisfaction with the procedure in 90% of cases. Results of the present study suggest that toggle rod stabilization remains an effective method for the treatment of coxofemoral joint luxation in dogs.
Diseño térmico de un intercambiador de calor de doble tubo para el enfriamiento de acetona
Authors: Pérez Sánchez A. , Pérez Sánchez E.J.
Published: January 2020

El intercambiador de doble tubo es una de las piezas más simples de equipamiento en la cual se desarrolla el intercambio de calor de forma continua entre dos fluidos. En el presente trabajo se llevó a cabo el diseño térmico de un intercambiador de calor de doble tubo para efectuar el enfriamiento de una corriente de acetona líquida. También se evaluó la influencia del incremento del caudal de alimentación de la acetona sobre seis parámetros de diseño del intercambiador de calor: 1) coeficiente global de transferencia de calor; 2) área de transferencia de calor; caída de presión de las corrientes de 3) acetona y 4) etilenglicol; 5) calor intercambiado y 6) número total de horquillas necesarias. El intercambiador deberá poseer un área total de transferencia de calor de 6,0 m2 y número total de horquillas de 10 para cumplir con la demanda térmica del sistema. Tanto la corriente de acetona como de etilenglicol presentan valores de caída de presión inferiores al límite máximo permisible establecido por el proceso (110 000 Pa). El incremento del caudal de alimentación de la acetona ocasiona el aumento de los seis parámetros estudiados.
Diseño de una planta industrial para la reutilización de los efluentes generados en la producción de cuero
Authors: Espinoza Gutiérrez G. , Barreda Cuellar P. , Aguilar Franco J.
Published: January 2020

En el presente artículo se desarrolló el diseño e implementación de una planta industrial para el tratamiento de los efluentes generados en el proceso productivo de una curtiembre con el objetivo de lograr la reutilización de los mismos en sus actividades. Actualmente la empresa no se presentan mayores avances respecto al manejo de sus efluentes, siendo estos dispuestos directamente al sistema de alcantarillado lo que ha ocasionado el incumplimiento de la normativa ambiental vigente en el país provocando un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente. Debido a esto se decidió desarrollar un estudio técnico que permita implementar una planta de tratamiento adecuada las instalaciones y necesidades de la empresa. El sistema de tratamiento está dividido en tres unidades, la primera correspondiente al Pre-tratamiento de los efluentes, la segunda destinada al tratamiento físico-químico y la última para el acondicionamiento de lodos.
Kant on Poetry and Cognition
Authors: Jovanović Iris Vidmar
Published: January 2020

This paper lies at the intersection of two problems: one concerning the cognitive status of poetry and one concerning the proper interpretation of Kant’s theory of fine arts. I bring these two together by arguing that Kant was highly sensitive to the cognitive potential of poetry, despite his explicit endorsement of formalism. Therefore, turning to his theory can help us understand one particular way in which poetry fosters our cognitive engagements with the world. As an illustration of my account of Kant’s views on poetry, I offer an interpretation of Robert Frost’s poem “A Question.”
Is It a Forgery? Ask a Semanticist
Authors: Casement William
Published: January 2020

Forgery is a commonly, if uncomfortably, recognized force in the art world. It might be assumed, then, that the meaning of the term forgery is uniformly established. That assumption would be a mistake. Although forgery in general parlance has a basic, easily understood meaning, specialists of various stripes employ the term in restricted ways that bear the potential for confusion not only among the cognoscenti but for the broader public. In particular, legal terminology often avoids the term forgery altogether in regard to artworks, and several competing and incompatible versions of the difference between a forgery and a “fake” are in circulation in books, on websites, and in the literature of certain professional groups. Differentiating forgeries from fakes makes for an exercise in semantics that, while sometimes offering helpful explications, on the whole bodes difficulty. In our age of increasingly shared information, it is possible to inform members of limited groups, as well as other people taking an interest in their activities, about the specific meaning of forgery that is employed by a group. The result can be a helpful understanding for insiders. However, when restricted meanings are presented as if they are general meanings and they conflict with established language, confusion is imminent, and rectifying it is difficult if even possible.
Bearing Witness to a Knowledge of Encounter in Babette’s Feast
Authors: Sullivan Rebecca
Published: January 2020

The 1987 film Babette’s Feast portrays the transformation of a community through its participation in an artfully crafted meal. In this article, I seek to illuminate the educational significance of this transformation by considering Babette’s person and role through David Hansen’s reflective posture of bearing witness. I propose that the power of Babette’s teaching springs from her embodied understanding of the relationship between the self, others, and the environment in learning. Through her patient, thoughtful work, Babette inspires each guest to embrace a deeper understanding of themselves and their place within a world of others. I further reflect on the role of bearing witness for enabling and articulating a pedagogy like Babette’s.
Pediatric bladder augmentation – Panacea or Pandora’s box?
Authors: Ross James P.J. , Keays Melise , Neville Christopher , Leonard Michael , Guerra Luis
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Bladder augmentation is a surgery that can increase bladder capacity and compliance. The objective of this study was to provide a longitudinal review of pediatric bladder augmentation at a tertiary Canadian center.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent bladder augmentation at a tertiary pediatric hospital between 1986 and 2014. The primary objective was short- and long-term complications of augmentation. Secondary objectives were to review number of augmentation procedures performed over time and the utility of routine postoperative cystograms.

Results: A total of 56 procedures were performed on 54 patients (28 males, 26 females) of mean age 10 years (standard deviation [SD] 5) and mean followup eight years (SD 5). The most common bowel segment used was ileum (87.5%). Twenty-eight patients (50%) received catheterizable channels. Overall complication rate was 15%, and the most common complications were urinary tract infections (68.5%), worsening hydronephrosis (14.8%), bladder stone formation (14%), and hematuria (13%). In total, 19 of 54 (35.2%) patients returned to the operating room. The incidence of bladder perforation was 3.6%. Complications with the catheterizable channel occurred in 13 of 28 (46.4%), of which 10 were related to stomal stenosis. Forty patients had postoperative cystograms and extravasation was seen in three (7.5%). There was no malignancy during the followup. Only four augmentations were performed from 2008–2014.

Conclusions: Bladder augmentation likely represents a safe surgical treatment option. Extravasation on postoperative cystogram was uncommon and thus it may not be indicated routinely. The number of augmentation procedures performed has declined in recent years.
Analgesic prescribing habits and patterns of Canadian chief urology residents: A national survey
Authors: Dergham Ali , Hosier Greg , Jaeger Melanie , Nickel J. Curtis , Siemens D. Robert , McGregor Thomas
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Prior studies have identified significant knowledge gaps in acute and chronic pain management among graduating urology residents as of five years ago. Since then, there has been increasing awareness of the impact of excessive opioid prescribing on long-term narcotic use and development of adverse narcotic-related events. However, it is unclear whether the attitudes and experience of graduating urology residents have changed. We set out to evaluate the attitudes and experience of graduating urology residents in prescribing opioid/non-opioid analgesia for acute (AP), chronic non-cancer (CnC), and chronic cancer (CC) pain.

Methods: Graduating urology residents were surveyed at a review course in 2018. The survey consisted of open-ended and close-ended five-point Likert scale questions. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Student’s t-test were performed.

Results: A total of 32 PGY5 urology residents completed our survey (92% response rate). The vast majority agreed that formal training in managing AP/CnC/CC to be valuable (91/78/81%). Most find their training in CnC/CC management to be inadequate and are unaware of any opioid prescribing guidelines; 66% never counsel patients on how to dispose of excess opioids. In general, 88% are comfortable prescribing opioids, whereas most are very uncomfortable prescribing cannabis or antidepressants (100%/78%). Residents reported the Acute Pain Service as the highest-rated resource for information, and dedicated textbooks the least.

Conclusions: This survey demonstrated that experience in pain management remains variable among urology residents. Knowledge gaps remain, particularly in the management of chronic cancer/non-cancer pain.
Software Based Programmable IGBT IPM Dead-Time Insertion Module Using 16-bit Micro Controller for BLDC Motor Control Application with 3-Phase Sinusoidal and Trapezoidal Drive
Authors: Widodo Hastanto SM , Harmanto Suryadi , Madenda Sarifuddin , Hermanto Lingga
Published: January 2020

Motor control application, especially for medium to high power implementation, will benefit the most with the compactness and robustness of an Integrated Power Module of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor also known as IGBT IPM. Nevertheless, implementation motor control with a general purpose micro-processor without any advance timer functionality with IGBT IPM will be challenged by the Dead-Time switching requirement in its power switching implementation.

Further, a combined sinusoidal and trapezoidal drive of a motor control is also believed will provides a better control performance in term of lower torque ripple and higher motor top speed. This paper proposed a low-cost alternative to address the requirement by implementing a software based dead time functionality using the low cost 16-bit micro controller board with capability of serving up sinusoidal drive as well as trapezoidal drive for motor control application.
Exploration and Practice of International Collaborative Teaching Mode for Innovation Talents
Authors: Pan Tianhong , Zhu Yi , Chen Shan
Published: January 2020

In order to enrich the training modes for internationalized and innovative talents, universities from China, Japan and Korea have cooperated each other since 2012, and established a consortium named Innovative Research & Education of Asia (IRE). The consortium proposed the “student-centered, innovation-oriented and multiple cooperation” teaching concept. To achieve the objective of innovation talent education, an international interdisciplinary teaching team has been formed and three international innovation engineering education projects have been created. Furthermore, an international collaborative training system for innovation talents has been designed. Up to now, more than 20 colleges and universities joins the IRE consortium and 2000 Asian students participated in the training system. The successful cases demonstrate that the proposed teaching system is effective and has become a famous example of interdisciplinary engineering innovation education for talents. 