bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Oral Health of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jural Lucas Alves , Fagundes Fabio Anevan , Risso Patrícia de Andrade , Cunha Antonio Jose Ledo Alves da , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Paiva Saul Martins , Maia Lucianne Cople
Published: November 2024

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can be extremely traumatic, and their impact on health throughout the life course has been a public policy issue all around the world. Oral health conditions significantly influence quality of life, but its relationship with ACEs among children and adolescents is not well defined. This systematic review investigated the association between ACEs and oral health outcomes in children and adolescents. The search was conducted across six databases and the gray literature, with no restrictions. It included studies evaluating the association between ACEs and oral health outcomes (oral health condition, utilization of dental services, oral hygiene habits, or oral health related to quality of life) in individuals aged 0 to 19. Data of included studies were extracted and methodological quality was assessed. Meta-analysis was used for quantitative synthesis, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach assessed evidence certainty. From the 12 included studies, 11 had a cross-sectional design, and 1 was a cohort study. Seventeen types of ACEs were investigated, including neglect; violence between parents or caregivers; alcohol and substance abuse; and peer, community, and collective violence. The methodological quality compliance ranged between 38% and 100%. The meta-analysis revealed associations between ACEs and lower use of dental services, toothache, gingival bleeding, and dental cavities. Cumulative exposure to more than three ACEs was associated with poorer oral health. The certainty of the evidence varied from low to very low. These results highlight that children and adolescents with ACEs are more likely to present higher oral health problems, including decreased use of dental services.
Minimum two-year follow-up of a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using a wedged baseplate
Authors: Parker Simon J M , Bell Simon N , Wiemer Féoline , Coghlan Jennifer A , Clitherow Harry D , Rayment Helen M
Published: November 2024

Background

Avoiding inclination of the glenoid baseplate in reverse shoulder arthroplasty often requires considerable glenoid reaming. It is proposed that the use of a metal wedged baseplate in all patients can achieve neutral inclination with reduced glenoid reaming.

Materials and Methods

A prospective clinical single-centre study with minimum two-year follow-up was carried out. Glenoid deformity was classified on CT and surgery planned using BluePrintTM. The Tornier Perform® Reversed Wedged Augmented Glenoid was used in all cases. Clinical outcome scores and radiographs were assessed.

Results

Seventy-three patients, mean age 76.6 years. Twenty-eight demonstrated no glenoid deformity and 19 demonstrated marked retroversion. Seventy completed two-year follow-up. Mean pain scores fell from 6 to 0.7. All Patient Reported Outcome Meaures (PROMS) were significantly improved. Active elevation increased by 62° and external rotation by 28.7° ( p < 0.001). In patients with no glenoid wear (E0/A1), correction of inferior inclination was achievable with a 15° full-wedge baseplate in all cases, reducing the reaming depth by 4.4 mm ( p < 0.001). In patients with severe glenoid wear, a 35° half wedge baseplate was often necessary to correct the deformity. The most common complications were stress reactions/fractures.

Conclusion

A metal wedged baseplate can achieve neutral inclination in all patients, minimising bone reaming and preserving lateralisation with good two-year outcomes.

Level of evidence

IV (case series with no comparison group).
The Impact of Analysts’ Attention on the Quantity and Quality of Enterprise Green Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Li Li , Huang Senwei , Lin Junjie , Cui Jing
Published: November 2024

This study constructs fixed-effects models based on a sample of Chinese A-share manufacturing companies listed from 2012 to 2021, to examine the impact and mechanisms of financial analysts’ attention on the quantity and quality of enterprise green innovation (EGI). The study draws the following conclusions: (1) Analysts’ attention positively promotes the quantity and quality of EGI. (2) The relief of financing constraints from information-revealing effects mediates the relationship between analysts’ attention and EGI quantity, while the external monitoring effect improves corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and mediates the relationship between analysts’ attention and EGI quality. (3) The relief of financing constraints has a masking effect on the relationship between analysts’ attention and the improvement of EGI quality due to executives’ short-sightedness. But the external monitoring effect of analysts’ attention can have a curbing effect on this. (4) In the heterogeneity test, it is found that for better performing firms, analysts’ attention promotes the improvement of the EGI quality. However, for poorer performing firms, the effect is not significant as the performance pressure effect is more pronounced. This study emphasizes the significant impact of analysts’ attention on external monitoring of EGI quality compared to other research. The findings support the need for relevant policies to guide and strengthen the external monitoring effect of analysts’ attention in practice, as well as the development of differentiated environmental regulation policies for firms with different characteristics.
Graft Failure in Pediatric Patients After Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone, Hamstring Tendon, or Quadriceps Tendon Autograft ACLR: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Petit Camryn B. , Hussain Zaamin B. , McPherson April , Petushek Erich J. , Montalvo Alicia M. , White Mia S. , Slone Harris S. , Lamplot Joseph D. , Xerogeanes John W. , Myer Gregory D.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reinjury risk is high in young athletes, with graft failure rates as high as 23%. The optimal autograft choice to minimize reinjury risk in this population is unclear.

Purpose:

To compare graft failure rates between bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB), hamstring tendon (HT), and quadriceps tendon (QT) autografts in patients aged ≤18 years with a minimum follow-up (FU) of 24 months.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature between database inception and March 2022 encompassed PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Studies on autograft ACL reconstruction (ACLR) using HT, QT, or BPTB autograft in patients ≤18 years old with a minimum FU of 2 years were included. Graft failure rates were pooled and estimated using random-effects models via the inverse variance method and logit transformations. Meta-analyses were used to estimate failure rates and pairwise comparisons were conducted by autograft type when appropriate.

Results:

A total of 24 studies comprising 2299 patients (HT: n = 1237, 44.8% female, 59.1-month mean FU; BPTB: n = 913, 67.3% female, 79.9-month mean FU; QT: n = 149, 36.4% female, 35.3-month mean FU) were included. HT exhibited the highest failure rate at 11.8% (95% CI, 9.0%-15.4%); failure rates for BPTB and QT were 7.9% (95% CI, 6.2%-10.0%) and 2.7% (95% CI, 1.0%-7.5%), respectively. HT had a significantly higher failure rate than both BPTB (Q = 5.01; P = .025) and QT (Q = 7.70; P = .006); BPTB had a significantly higher failure rate than QT (Q = 4.01; P = .045). Male patients were less likely than their female counterparts to experience graft failure after HT ACLR (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25-0.95).

Conclusion:

While the HT remains a common choice for ACLR, the current aggregate data indicate that BPTB and QT demonstrated significantly lower failure rates than HT ACLR in adolescent athletes ≤18 years old. The QT demonstrated the lowest failure rate in adolescents but also the lowest proportion of patients represented due to a paucity of published QT data, indicating a need for future studies with larger sample sizes that include QT autografts, reduced risk of bias, and consistent reporting on skeletal maturity and surgical technique to better determine the ideal autograft for active athletic populations ≤18 years old.
Understanding the Influence of Subjective Financial Literacy on the Investment Decisions of Individual Investors in India
Authors: Alam Zafar , Sami Lamaan , Aman Mohd , Mr Fahad
Published: November 2024

The present work examines the association between subjective financial literacy, self-reported by Indian individual investors and the factors that affect their investment decisions concerning fundamental and technical analysis. A structured questionnaire was employed using a purposive sampling procedure to collect the requisite data from individual investors on their demographic profiles, perceived financial literacy and determinants of investment decisions. For developing the measurement model and testing the research hypotheses, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was taken into consideration. The result showed that conceptual knowledge, accounting information, technical knowledge and market information are positively associated with the investors’ investment decisions. Furthermore, it highlighted the role of subjective financial literacy in significantly impacting investors’ investment decisions. This study is the first of its kind because previous studies completely ignored the need to assess the perceived financial literacy of investors and its association with the factors determining their investment decisions. Based on the study’s findings, fruitful suggestions are provided to various stakeholders.
Predicting risky driving behavior with classification algorithms: results from a large-scale field-trial and simulator experiment
Authors: Garefalakis Thodoris , Michelaraki Eva , Roussou Stella , Katrakazas Christos , Brijs Tom , Yannis George
Published: November 2024

Road safety is a subject of significant concern and substantially affects individuals across the globe. Thus, real-time, and post-trip interventions have gained significant importance in the past few years. This study aimed to analyze different classification techniques and examine their ability to identify dangerous driving behavior based on a dual-approach study. The analysis was based on the investigation of important risk factors such as average speed, harsh acceleration, harsh braking, headway, overtaking, distraction (i.e., mobile phone use), and fatigue. In order to achieve the objective of this study, data were collected through a driving simulator as well as a naturalistic driving study. To that end, four classification algorithms, namely support vector machines, random forest (RFs), AdaBoost, and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks were implemented and compared. In the simulator experiment, RFs and MLPs emerged as the top-performing models with an accuracy of 84% and 82%, respectively, demonstrating its ability to accurately classify driving behavior in a controlled environment. In the naturalistic driving study, RF and AdaBoost maintained robust performance, with high accuracy (i.e., 75% and 76.76% respectively) and balanced precision and recall. The outcomes of this study could provide essential guidance for practitioners and researchers on choosing models for driving behavior classification tasks.
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland: risk factors, epidemiology and anatomopathological changes with analysis of potential role of Thelazia nematodes in the disease development
Authors: Filip-Hutsch Katarzyna , Demiaszkiewicz Aleksander W. , Hutsch Tomasz , Duk Karolina , Klich Daniel , Pyziel Anna M. , Balińska Paulina , Anusz Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

Background

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a common ocular disease of ruminants worldwide. Recently, an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis was observed in the European bison in Poland. Hundreds of animals show conjunctival congestion, corneal opacity, and ulceration, leading to total blindness. The present study aimed to examine the ocular changes of European bison and patterns of the disease occurrence with special emphasis on the role of Thelazia nematodes in the development of IKC.

Results

The eyes of 131 European bison, showing ocular signs and clinically healthy, were collected in Poland in 2021 – 2022 and subjected to parasitological and histopathological examination. Histopathology showed varying lesions, including corneal erosions or ulcers, diffuse purulent infiltrates to lymphocytic infiltration in the cornea, and lymphocytic or mixed conjunctivitis with CALT stimulation. The severity of ocular changes was higher in European bison from mountain areas and during the winter season. Two species of Thelazia nematodes – T. skrjabini and T. gulosa have been isolated from eyes. Prevalence of infection reached over 66.4%, and the infection intensity ranged from 1 to 16 nematodes per individual. Although nematodes of the genus Thelazia were prevalent in European bison, their occurrence did not correspond with the severity of ocular changes.

Conclusions

The results of our studies allowed to identify patterns related to the first outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in European bison. Living in mountain areas and winter season were the most predisposing factors for the development of ocular changes. Despite the high prevalence of Thelazia nematodes in the present study, their role in forming ocular lesions was not confirmed.
Maternal infection of SARS-CoV-2 during the first and second trimesters leads to newborn telomere shortening
Authors: Wang Lina , Zhang Junfeng , Liu Fangfei , Shi Qixiang , Gao Fengchun , Li Junmin , Liu Yanhua , Kong Feng , Xu Dawei
Published: November 2024

Background

Initial telomere length (TL) in newborns is the major determinant for TL in later life while TL in newborn/early-life predicts long-term health and lifespan. It is important to identify key factors that affect telomere homeostasis throughout embryonic development for precision interventions to maintain optimal TL in fetus/prenatal infants. SARS-CoV-2 has caused a widespread global pandemic of COVID-19, but it remains unclear whether maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs prenatal telomere homeostasis.

Methods

We recruited 413 normally delivered newborns whose mothers were either non-infected or infected with SARS-CoV-2 during different trimesters of pregnancy (otherwise healthy). Telomere length (TL) in cord blood (CB) was assessed using qPCR. CB and maternal blood were analyzed for cytokine levels. Placental senescence was determined using senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining.

Results

Control (non-infected maternal) newborn TL was significantly longer than that from maternal infection (1.568 ± 0.340 vs 1.390 ± 0.350, P = 0.005). Such shorter TL was observed only if maternal infection of SARS-CoV-2 occurred in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy (1.261 ± 0.340 and 1.346 ± 0.353, P < 0.0001 and 0.001, respectively). There were no differences in TL between controls and infection at the third trimester (1.568 ± 0.340 vs 1.565 ± 0.329, P > 0.05). Across the first trimester, there was a positive correlation between newborn TL and gestational weeks with maternal infection, suggesting that the earlier maternal infection occurs, the worse effect is taken on fetal telomere homeostasis. Placental senescence coupled with the downregulated expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase was significantly more frequent from the maternal infection at the first trimester. There were no differences in IL-6, C reactive protein and other cytokine levels in CB and maternal serum or placentas.

Conclusions

Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection at the first and second trimesters leads to significantly shorter TL and earlier infection causes much more severe TL damage. The infection-mediated cell senescence and other histopathological abnormalities result in defective placental function through which fetal telomere homeostasis is impaired. Thus, vaccination against COVID-19 should be done in advance for women who plan pregnancy.
Exploring relationships between conflict intensity, forced displacement, and healthcare attacks: a retrospective analysis from Syria, 2016–2022
Authors: Tarnas Maia C. , Hamze Mohamed , Tajaldin Bachir , Sullivan Richard , Parker Daniel M. , Abbara Aula
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Attacks on healthcare have been committed throughout the Syrian conflict in violation of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), contributing to the devastation of the country’s healthcare system. The conflict has also forcibly displaced over half of Syria’s pre-conflict population, 7.2 million of whom are internally displaced. In this retrospective analysis, we aim to assess the relationships between (1) healthcare attacks and general conflict and (2) healthcare attacks and forced displacement between 2016 and 2022.

Methods

Data on healthcare attacks, conflict events, and displacement were extracted from the Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS), Uppsala Conflict Data Project, and OCHA Türkiye, respectively. The analysis addresses three research questions: the associations between (1) healthcare attacks and conflict events, (2) healthcare attacks and conflict events in the week after an attack on a healthcare facility, and (3) healthcare attacks and forced displacement. For each, we used generalized additive models with a negative binomial distribution that also accounted for spatial and temporal factors.

Results

SAMS recorded a total of 541 attack events, comprising 650 attack rounds over 235 facilities between 2016 and 2022. Conflict events were significantly associated with healthcare attacks in the same week (IRR: 1.14, 95% CI 1.12–1.17), and healthcare attacks in one week were associated with a maximum of 1.44 greater risk (95% CI 1.08–1.91) of conflict events in the following week, even when accounting for general conflict levels in the previous weeks. Healthcare attacks were also significantly associated with increased displacement up to three months following the attacks.

Discussion

We find that healthcare facilities are not avoided during conflict (as obliged under IHL), and that healthcare attacks significantly precede an escalation of general conflict in the same area. Healthcare attacks are also significantly associated with displacement for months following the attacks, even when accounting for conflict levels. Based on these findings, we present a framework outlining one pathway through which healthcare attacks may contribute to larger conflict tactics. Our findings highlight the critical role of healthcare infrastructure in conflict and reaffirm calls to hold perpetrators of these attacks accountable.
Predictors of intradialytic hypotension in critically ill patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Lyrio Rafaella Maria C. , Macedo Etienne , Murugan Raghavan , da Silva Arnaldo A. , Calcagno Tess M. , Sampaio Estevão F. , Sassi Rafael H. , da Hora Passos Rogério
Published: November 2024

Background

This systematic review aims to identify predictors of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) in critically ill patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy (KRT) for acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed was conducted from 2002 to April 2024. Studies included critically ill adults undergoing KRT for AKI, excluding pediatric patients, non-critically ill individuals, those with chronic kidney disease, and those not undergoing KRT. The primary outcome was identifying predictive tools for hypotensive episodes during KRT sessions.

Results

The review analyzed data from 8 studies involving 2873 patients. Various machine learning models were assessed for their predictive accuracy. The Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine (XGB) model was the top performer with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.828 (95% CI 0.796–0.861), closely followed by the deep neural network (DNN) with an AUROC of 0.822 (95% CI 0.789–0.856). All machine learning models outperformed other predictors. The SOCRATE score, which includes cardiovascular SOFA score, index capillary refill, and lactate level, had an AUROC of 0.79 (95% CI 0.69–0.89, p < 0.0001). Peripheral perfusion index (PPI) and heart rate variability (HRV) showed AUROCs of 0.721 (95% CI 0.547–0.857) and 0.761 (95% CI 0.59–0.887), respectively. Pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and mechanical ventilation also demonstrated significant diagnostic performance. A PVPI ≥ 1.6 at the onset of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) sessions predicted IDH associated with preload dependence with a sensitivity of 91% (95% CI 59–100%) and specificity of 53% (95% CI 42–63%).

Conclusion

This systematic review shows how combining predictive models with clinical indicators can forecast IDH in critically ill AKI patients undergoing KRT, with validation in diverse settings needed to improve accuracy and patient care strategies.
The role of nutraceuticals in managing metabolic syndrome: a review of clinical studies
Authors: Olalekan Samuel Oluwadare , Bakare Olalekan Olanrewaju , Okwute Patrick Godwin , Osonuga Ifabunmi Oduyemi , Adeyanju Muinat Moronke , Olalekan Rhoda Oluwaseun
Published: November 2024

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) encompasses a cluster of metabolic disorders including central obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose. These disorders collectively heighten the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With its increasing global prevalence, MetS presents significant public health challenges that necessitate comprehensive management strategies. Traditional treatments primarily involve pharmacological interventions, which are often associated with adverse effects and can lead to patient non-compliance.

Main body

Nutraceuticals represent a promising alternative to conventional treatments for MetS. These compounds, derived from whole foods and dietary supplements, are being investigated for their potential benefits in improving insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles, reducing inflammation, and addressing various components of MetS. This review critically evaluates clinical studies focused on nutraceuticals and their efficacy in enhancing metabolic health. By examining a range of interventions, the review provides evidence supporting the role of nutraceuticals in managing MetS.

Conclusion

The findings of this review are pertinent to patients, researchers, and medical practitioners. For patients, nutraceuticals offer a potentially safer and more tolerable management option that could improve treatment adherence and quality of life. Researchers will benefit from understanding the mechanisms of action of these comp ounds, which can guide future studies aimed at optimizing their clinical use. Medical practitioners can utilize the insights provided to integrate nutraceuticals into their therapeutic strategies, promoting a more holistic approach to managing MetS and mitigating the burden of related chronic diseases. This comprehensive analysis serves as a foundation for advancing patient care and public health in the context of MetS.
Convergence rate sliding mode control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on expanded sliding mode observer
Authors: Tian Li , Wei Qingrui , Zheng Qiang , Li Hailong
Published: November 2024

The aim is to address the limitations of conventional sliding mode control for PMSM, namely the problems of sliding mode oscillation, load disturbance, and poor control accuracy. An improved sliding mode control strategy for PMSM is proposed based on the novel convergence rate and extended state observer. Firstly, an integral sliding mode velocity loop controller is designed based on the novel convergence rate to solve the sliding mode vibration problem. The stability of the proposed control strategy is derived by the Lyapunov criterion. Secondly, an extended state observer capable of estimating the disturbance torque is designed for the purpose of disturbance compensation. The disturbance torque estimate is then used as a feed-forward signal for the sliding mode velocity loop controller. A fast second-order sliding mode controller is used for the current loop to avoid the potential introduction of noise and disturbances. The simulation results show that compared to alternative control strategies, the proposed control strategy enables the PMSM to respond effectively to start-up and load disturbances, significantly reduces the sliding mode jitter, and improves both the torque estimation accuracy and the system control accuracy.
Real-World Study on Implementation of Genomic Tests for Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma in Brazil
Authors: Dienstmann Rodrigo , da Silva Leonard M. , Orpinelli Ramos do Rego Fernanda , Muniz Rodrigues Amanda , Koyama Fernanda Christtanini , Galindo Layla Testa , de Bustamante Fernandes Carolina , de Souza Bruno Batista , Paes Rafael Duarte , Montella Tatiane , de Marchi Pedro , Jeha Araújo Breno , Ferrari Bruno Lemos , Mathias Clarissa , Pereira Emilio , Zalis Mariano Gustavo , Leslin Chesley , Ferreira Carlos Gil
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

Tissue inadequacy and operational challenges may limit lung cancer comprehensive biomarker testing. Here, we describe the initial implementation of a tailored tissue molecular journey at Oncoclínicas Precision Medicine Laboratory in Brazil, which includes fast-track (FT) non–next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays combined with a broad NGS panel.

METHODS

From 2021 to 2023, all nonsquamous lung cancer samples eligible for the patient support program “Lung Mapping Consortium” at Oncoclínicas & Co were evaluated using the FT panel (immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK], polymerase chain reaction for
EGFR
and
BRAF
, and fluorescence in situ hybridization for
ROS1
) plus a broad DNA and RNA sequencing panel of 180 genes (custom ARCHER panel).

RESULTS

From 1,272 samples received by the laboratory, 3% had no tissue for any molecular testing, 20% was not eligible for broad NGS panel as per pathologist assessment (tumor purity and quantity), additional 12% did not reach presequencing analytical thresholds (nucleic acid quantity and/or quality), and 3% had postsequencing failure. Most frequent alterations were
KRAS
mutations (28.4%,
KRAS
G12C
9.7%),
EGFR
mutations (23.6%, exon20 insertions 2.9%),
ALK
fusions (6.4%),
MET
exon 14 skipping (4.4%),
ERBB2
mutations (3.4%),
ROS1
fusions (3.1%), and
BRAF
V600E
(1.9%). In 35% of the samples, FT non-NGS tests were the only molecular diagnostics:
EGFR
mutations (14%),
ALK
fusions (4.4%),
ROS1
fusions (1.8%), and
BRAF
V600E
(0.7%). Overall, high PD-L1 expression (≥50%) was found in 12.3%.

CONCLUSION

This study provides data on the molecular epidemiology of lung adenocarcinoma in Brazil, confirming high prevalence of
EGFR
mutations,
ALK
fusions, and
MET
exon 14 skipping alteration. Biomarker detection is largely affected by biospecimen collection and processing, with one third of the patients eligible for non-NGS testing only, which presents reduced coverage and sensitivity for actionable drivers.
Effectiveness of a Cardiovascular Health Electronic Health Record Application for Cancer Survivors in Community Oncology Practice: Results From WF-1804CD
Authors: Weaver Kathryn E. , Dressler Emily V. , Klepin Heidi D. , Lee Simon C. , Wells Brian J. , Smith Sydney , Hundley W. Gregory , Lesser Glenn J. , Nightingale Chandylen L. , Turner Julie C. , Lackey Ian , Heard Kevin , Foraker Randi ,   for the AH-HA Study Team, Weaver Kathryn E. , Foraker Randi , Dressler Emily V. , Wells Brian , Hundley W. Gregory , Klepin Heidi , Payne Philip , Lai Albert , Lee Simon Craddock , Lesser Glenn J. , Carlson Jay W. , Hernandez Marcia L. , Hanna Jenny , Rodgers Heide Alexandra , Varghese Sonia J. , Throckmorton Alyssa D. , Panikkar Rajiv , Ronjon Paula , Lukenbill Joshua , Stroh Ann Louise , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Kulbacki Lindsey W. , Matin Khalid , Hackney Mary Helen
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

Guidelines recommend cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment and counseling for cancer survivors. This study evaluated the automated heart-health assessment (AH-HA) clinical decision support tool to promote provider-patient CV health (CVH) discussions in outpatient oncology.

METHODS

The AH-HA trial (WF-1804CD), coordinated by the Wake Forest National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program Research Base, randomized practices to the AH-HA tool or usual care (UC) and enrolled survivors receiving routine care ≥6 months after curative cancer treatment. The tool displayed American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 CVH factors (BMI, physical activity, diet, smoking status, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose), populated from the electronic health record (EHR), alongside cancer treatments received with cardiotoxic potential. The primary end point was survivor-reported discussion of nonideal or missing CVH factors. A mixed-effects logistic regression model assessed the effect of AH-HA on CVH discussions, adjusting for practice.

RESULTS

Five UC and four AH-HA practices enrolled 645 survivors (82% breast, 8% endometrial, 5% colorectal, and 5% lymphoma, prostate, or multiple types) from October 1, 2020, to February 28, 2023. Most survivors were female (96%; 84% White/non-Hispanic, 8% Black; 3% Hispanic). Nearly all survivors (98%) in AH-HA practices reported a discussion for ≥1 nonideal or missing CVH factor compared with 55% in UC (
P
< .001). The average number of survivor-reported factors discussed was higher in AH-HA compared with UC (mean, 4.06
v
1.27;
P
< .001), as were EHR-documented discussions (3.83
v
0.77;
P
= .03). Survivors in AH-HA practices were also significantly more likely to report a recommendation to see a primary care provider (39%) compared with UC practices (25%,
P
= .02). Reported recommendations to see a cardiologist were low (approximately 6%) and did not differ between groups.

CONCLUSION

The AH-HA tool was effective at promoting CVH discussions during routine follow-up care for survivors and recommendations to consult primary care.
Kangaku and the State: Colonial Collaboration between Korean and Japanese Traditional Sinologists
Authors: Lee (Yi Yongbŏm) Yongbeom
Published: November 2024

This article examines the response of kangaku 漢学, or traditional sinological study, to modernity in Japan and colonial Korea by focusing on institutionalization and the interactions between scholars of traditional sinology in Japan and colonized Korea. In the Japanese Empire, kangaku actively demonstrated that it could contribute to the nation-state and became a part of the modern educational system, including the Imperial University. The favorable atmosphere toward kangaku in the Japanese Empire also enabled the institutionalization of kangaku in colonial Korea. The process of institutionalization there was deeply influenced by the traditional network of Japanese sinologists. Traditional sinologists in Japan and colonial Korea were able to cooperate based on a shared “shibun (斯文 “This Culture of Ours”) consciousness,” a kind of consciousness of crisis that originated in the Analects. The shibun consciousness was rooted in the traditional literary world, where borders and contemporaneity were relatively ambiguous. Within the university system, kangaku gradually faced the pressure of specialization and elaboration of modern scholarship and the demands of the nation-state. Thus, successive generations of Korean and Japanese sinologists moved toward a new modern ideology that went beyond “shibun consciousness.”
Mid-Tang Exchange Poetry, the Kingdom of Parhae, and the Reception of Bai Juyi in Early Heian Japan, Part 1: Parhae Envoys and the Yuan-Bai Style of Exchange Poetry
Authors: Minguzzi Dario
Published: November 2024

Scholars have long been puzzled as to why the poetry of mid-Tang poet Bai Juyi 白居易 (772–846) enjoyed tremendous popularity at the Heian court (794–1185), while the poetry of other Tang poets, which is known to have reached Japan, received relatively little attention. In this essay, Heian appreciation of Bai Juyi is placed in the context of the “Yuan-Bai style,” which was propagated across East Asia through the corpus of the poetic exchanges between Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen 元稹 (779–831), and to the popularity of this model within the poetry regularly exchanged between Heian poets and the envoys from the Kingdom of Parhae 渤海 (698–926) during the ninth and early tenth centuries. Thus, this essay first traces the role of Parhae as the driving force behind the Heian reception of Bai Juyi's work and then explores the effects of this connection in the practice of early Heian Sinitic poetry.
Breaking barriers - Exploring the Full Cup Test (FCT) pain scale at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Imran Muhammad
Published: November 2024

.
Reviving medical tourism in Pakistan - A narrative review
Authors: Mumtaz Nazia , Saqulain Ghulam
Published: November 2024

Medical and health care traverse geographical boundaries in the form of “Medical Tourism” with patients travelling from low and middle-income countries to developed nations and vice versa as well. Affordable medical care is also attracting patients from developed nations to countries like India, Thailand, UAE and others with international accreditation playing a key role. This also yields economic benefits for the recipient countries. Pakistan unfortunately lags behind in acquiring “destination of choice” status for medical tourism which undisputedly can benefit its constrained economy. There being a dearth of literature current narrative review was conducted to highlight the integrity and benefits of medical tourism. For this, literature search was conducted using google, Bing, google scholar, PubMed, web of science to search engines and data bases. One hundred eighty articles, reports & publications were downloaded of which 25 non-English & duplicates, and 75 irrelevant records were excluded. Hence, 34 references of relevant English language articles, publications, reports and online resources were utilized for the review.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.8673
How to cite this: Mumtaz N, Saqulain G. Reviving medical tourism in Pakistan - A narrative review. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2720-2725.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.8673
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of WhatsApp® and Face-to-Face case based learning in undergraduate dental students: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ijaz Wasim , Mahboob Usman , Adeeb Humera , Iqbal Naveed
Published: November 2024

Objective: The study compares two different interfaces of CBL (WhatsApp® and Face-to-Face) in undergraduate dental students and examines WhatsApp’s effectiveness as a teaching tool.
Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was conducted from May 2023 to October 2023 at Ayub College of Dentistry, Orthodontic Department, Abbottabad, involving 30 participants randomly assigned to control (Face-to-Face) Group-1 and experimental (WhatsApp®) Group-2. The six-week study utilized pre-validated questionnaires and Multiple-Choice Questions assessments, comparing post-test scores. Assessment of the intervention involved evaluating Kirkpatrick levels one and two, with responses being rated using a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis employed Students’ t-tests for group comparisons and paired t-tests for MCQ results before and after the intervention for each group. A p-value less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance, with SPSS version 23 used for analysis.
Results: The study involved 30 participants with a mean age of 23.23±0.67 years, encompassing both males (53.3%) and females (46.7%). All survey participants (100%) used WhatsApp, highlighting its popularity. Everyone had internet access, with 73.3% using smartphones and 26.7% using laptops for mobile internet. Post-intervention, both control and experimental groups exhibited improved post-test scores (p<0.001), but the comparison between groups showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.50). Over 50% of students expressed satisfaction with WhatsApp as a teaching tool, resulting in a learning gain of 36.18%.
Conclusions: The study concluded that both WhatsApp® and Face-to-Face CBL effectively improved dental students’ learning, with WhatsApp® yielding results comparable to traditional methods.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9248
How to cite this: Ijaz W, Mahboob U, Adeeb H, Iqbal N. Comparison of WhatsApp® and Face-to-Face case based learning in undergraduate dental students: A randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2653-2657. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9248
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Characteristics of participants in the first fully online National Diabetes Prevention Programme: A quantitative survey
Authors: Haseldine Clair , O'Donoghue Gráinne , Kearney Patricia M , Riordan Fiona , Humphreys Margaret , Kirby Liz , McHugh Sheena M.
Published: November 2024

Background Diabetes prevention programmes (DPPs) are being implemented around the world to tackle the rise in type 2 diabetes. In 2021/22, the Health Service Executive(HSE) in Ireland piloted a fully online national diabetes prevention programme(NDPP). Characteristics and factors affecting participation may be different among people attending online DPPs compared to face-to-face programmes. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic, psychosocial and health characteristics of participants in the pilot of the online NDPP in Ireland. Methods A survey from the evaluation of the English NDPP was adapted for the Irish context with Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) input. The survey was sent (between April and June 2022) to all individuals who attended the initial assessment of the pilot NDPP (n=73). It contained questions on health status, co-morbidities, motivation to improve health, quality of life, self-efficacy, beliefs about the risk of diabetes, participation(e.g. recollection and understanding of invite, number of sessions attended), as well as demographic information. Results Response rate was 30.5% (n=22). Mean age of responders was 62 years (range 36–82 years) and over half were men (57.1%, n=12). The majority (81%, n=17) had attended 6 or more of the 14 sessions. Most (90.5% n=19) reported having family members or acquaintances with diabetes, had positive views of their current health status and high quality of life scores (71.4%, n= 15). Mental health scores were slightly higher than the national average. Over half (57.2%, n=12) were confident or very confident about participating in an online DPP. Almost all (95.2%, n=20) believed it was important to manage their risk of type 2 diabetes. Conclusions Participants in the online pilot NDPP had positive views of their general health and positive psychosocial characteristics affecting their decision to participate. These beliefs may be modifiable intervention targets to encourage participation among non-attenders in future programmes.
The basics of lean manufacturing
Authors: Rogulina Marina , Smirnova Irina , Kurchiy Oksana , Dodonova Lyudmila , Kopalina Tat'yana , Mitina Natal'ya
Published: November 2024

The textbook was developed according to the work program of the discipline "Fundamentals of lean manufacturing". The given theoretical material reveals the basics of lean manufacturing, and test and practical tasks contribute to the elaboration of educational material, ensuring the effective application of acquired knowledge in the process of professional activity.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standard of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students in institutions of secondary vocational education.
Private international law. The workshop
Authors: Tarasenko Yuriy
Published: November 2024

The textbook is based on the provisions of unified international norms, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as other normative legal acts regulating certain sub-branches of private international law.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying in the field of Law, as well as for graduate students specializing in private international law.
The global energy problem and the global energy complex (Russia, USA, Europe, China)
Authors: Zaharov Aleksandr , Anikina Elizaveta
Published: November 2024

The authors of the textbook focus on the global energy problem, understood taking into account modern realities. The first chapter examines the international fuel and energy complex (FEC) in the context of the current geopolitical situation, the specifics of using energy resources to solve urgent problems of the global fuel and energy complex. The second chapter describes in detail the main aspects of China's fuel and energy sector, its energy security strategy and the development of renewable energy sources, the specifics of the work of Chinese companies in international markets. The third chapter of the manual shows the leading players in the energy market of individual countries of the world, analyzes the development of mutually beneficial trade and economic relations in the energy sector between Russia, the United States, Europe, China and a number of other foreign countries, presents the prospects for the development of global energy until 2050 and the problem of global energy management in the context of the global energy crisis.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for teachers, postgraduates and students of economic specialties of universities, as well as for researchers and specialists involved in the study of energy policy issues.
Implementation of political communication in the political process of Russia (based on the functioning of the electronic government)
Authors: Shukyurov Aleksey
Published: November 2024

Research in the field of political communication has never been more relevant than it is today, as digital media has penetrated deeply into both the political and social spheres. Citizens use digital platforms to obtain information, form opinions, express their views and organize collective actions, as well as for entertainment and communication. Politicians, parties, and transnational political figures use these platforms to reach, persuade, and influence voters and citizens. The creation of e-government in Russia aims to increase the transparency of government information, receive feedback from citizens, encourage public participation and expand cooperation within the government, as well as between the public and private sectors. Such efforts can ensure public trust and strengthen democratic values, as well as the operational efficiency and effectiveness of the authorities. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the study of the development of the digital environment has become more relevant. It was important for national governments that public institutions remain operational and open to citizens at a time when it was important to avoid mass gatherings of people, for this it was necessary to eliminate digital gaps, therefore, states began to actively introduce digital services and Internet communication methods, as well as adopt a legislative framework in the field of digital communications. The digitization of political communications has allowed Russia to develop flexible and effective public administration in the shortest possible time, bringing the state closer to its citizens. This, in turn, provides greater transparency and access to information for citizens, and allows for increased monitoring and accountability of the political system. The research uses expert assessment and survey methods. The theoretical significance lies in the fact that the material can be used to develop new methods of communicative strategy in political communication, emphasizing the importance of e-government as a form of political communication through which social tension in society is reduced by forming feedback in which the state receives information about the expectations and needs of society. The practical significance lies in the possibility of preparing educational and methodological manuals, giving lecture courses, as well as conducting seminars in the field of science of political communication.
Advocacy for Intelligent Libraries in the Era of Fifth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Ajani Yusuf , Oladokun Bolaji
Published: November 2024

Aim: The onset of the 5th Industrial Revolution heralds a transformative era marked by extraordinary technological advancements, compelling libraries to reinvent themselves within a rapidly digitizing world. The study explores the evolving role of libraries, emphasizing the integration of smart technologies to enhance user experiences, streamline operations, and increase knowledge accessibility. It addresses critical ethical and privacy concerns, advocating for strategies that uphold inclusivity, transparency, and intellectual freedom.
Methods: The study employed an interpretive content/document analysis methodology to thoroughly review and analyze literature sourced from diverse databases, including Scopus and Web of Science. This methodological choice aims for a comprehensive and well-rounded examination of the subject, incorporating a broad spectrum of perspectives and insights. The interpretive content/document analysis process involves a meticulous scrutiny and interpretation of textual materials, fostering a nuanced understanding of the investigated topic. The inclusion of literature from reputable databases like Scopus and Web of Science not only enhances the credibility and reliability of the findings but also ensures a robust exploration of the subject.
Results: Key technologies such as AI, machine learning, data analytics, IoT, blockchain, AR/VR, and 5G are examined for their impact on library operations and user engagement. Challenges, including digital equity, ethical AI use, data security, interoperability, and financial constraints, are identified and analyzed.
Conclusion: The study advocates by highlighting the necessity for libraries to evolve into dynamic, intelligent hubs that contribute to sustainable knowledge systems while maintaining their foundational principles.