bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difficulties and facilities pointed out by nurses of a university hospital when applying the nursing process
Authors: Takahashi Alda Akie , Barros Alba Lúcia Bottura Leite de , Michel Jeanne Liliane Marlene , Souza Mariana Fernandes de
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE: To identify the difficult and easy aspects of performing the different stages of the nursing process, according to the reports of nurses working at Hospital São Paulo. METHODS: Eighty-three nurses from 20 different hospital units, where the nursing process was regularly implemented, answered structured research questionnaires. RESULTS: Nursing diagnosis and evolution were the phases where nurses reported more difficulties. Most of the difficult and easy points reported are related to the nurses' theoretical and practical knowledge to perform the phases of the process. CONCLUSION: Insufficient knowledge becomes an obstacle for the nurses' compliance to the nursing process. An evaluation of theoretical and practical teaching of the nursing process during undergraduate courses is recommended, as well as continuous education in hospital settings.
Experiences of mothers of disabled children: a phenomenological study
Authors: Barbosa Maria Angélica Marcheti , Chaud Massae Noda , Gomes Maria Magda Ferreira
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE: To unveil the experiences of mothers of disabled children, with a view to understand the meaning of that experience. METHODS: This is a qualitative study using phenomenological approach based on Heidegger. The study subjects were five mothers with a disabled child. The interviews were performed at the women's homes, guided by the question "To you, what does it mean to have a disabled child? RESULTS: Five categories came into focus: "meeting one's actual infant," "the impact of disability," "treading a new path with one's disabled child," "experiencing maternal altruism in the care of the disabled child," and "altering one's family daily life." CONCLUSIONS: The discourses revealed emotionally moved beings experiencing a painful, sorrowful manner of being-in-the-world. Mothers find themselves unprepared to deal with the experience of having a disabled child, though perceiving the situation as an opportunity for self-encounter. Changes occurred to the couple's dynamics and family members became distant. When seeking guidance from health professionals, the mothers failed to find the necessary support.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension and the neonatal outcome
Authors: Chaim Solange Regina Perfetto , Oliveira Sonia Maria Junqueira Vasconcellos de , Kimura Amélia Fumiko
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVES:This cross-sectional study were to identify the prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension and to verify diastolic blood pressure (DBP) association with type of birth and perinatal outcome. METHODS: The data were collected from the mothers' records, in the governmental maternity hospital indicated for high-risk pregnancies, in São Paulo city. RESULTS: During hospitalization, 62.1% had systolic blood pressure > 160 mmHg and 49.6% had a DBP < 110 mmHg. There was no significant association of DBP (p=0.799). The frequency of caesarean section was 64.5%, 28.9% for normal birth, and 6.6% for forceps; 93.4% were live born, 81.0% weighed > 2,500 g, 10.6% were premature, 68.1% were born with adequate gestational age, 84.0% and 99.2% had APGAR score > 7 at 1st and 5th minutes, respectively. CONCLUSION: The DBP e" 110 mmHg was associated with low birth weight (p=0.002) and prematurity (p=0.013).
Profile of hypertensive patients: biosocial characteristics, knowledge, and treatment compliance
Authors: Jesus Elaine dos Santos , Augusto Monica Aparecida de Oliveira , Gusmão Josiane , Mion Júnior Décio , Ortega Kátia , Pierin Angela Maria Geraldo
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE: To characterize a group of hypertensive patients in relation to beliefs, knowledge, attitudes and factors that could affect treatment compliance. METHODS: The data were collected by interviewing hypertensive outpatients. RESULTS: A total of 511 hypertensive patients were studied: most were women, white, with elementary education, and 53±11 years old. The patients had high levels of knowledge about hypertension and treatments. However, they interrupted the treatment due to the expensive medicines and the lack of instructions. Furthermore, they believed they had to take medicines only when they felt unwell, and they did not attend their medical appointment usually due to forgetfulness and personal problems. Regarding the attitudes against the antihypertensive treatment, hypertensive patients forgot to take the medicines, took the medication at different hours, stopped taking the medication on their own account, did not follow instructions, and did not exercise regularly. CONCLUSION: The profile of the hypertensive patients identified aspects that can hamper treatment compliance.
Assessing the teaching of nursing physical examination in the context of pediatric semiology
Authors: Luizari Marisa Rufino Ferreira , Ohara Conceição Vieira da Silva , Horta Ana Lúcia Moraes
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVES: To assess how nursing students perform the physical examination of children regarding the use of instruments, the sequence of the procedures and the interaction with patients, and identify the phases of motivation and performance in the learning of this exam. METHODS: This is a descriptive study, using forms and observing students attending the course 'Semiology and sign and symptom interpretation' in a nursing undergraduate program in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. RESULTS: Most students felt motivated to perform the exam and interacted with the child under examination. By assessing student performance, it was possible to identify the difficulties they face using techniques to collecting data on anthropometric measurements, vital signs, auscultation, palpation, percussion, and inspection. CONCLUSION: The evaluation instrument was considered effective in allowing students to identify the features distinguishing normal from abnormal patterns in children.
Neonatal Screening Program coverage in Maringá (PR), 2001 to 2006
Authors: Carvalho Maria Dalva de Barros , Pelloso Sandra Marisa , Higarashi Ieda Harumi , Luz Geisa dos Santos
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the National Newborn Screening Program (NNSP) coverage in the city of Maringá, from 2001 to 2006. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional research design, which verified the number of live newborns as well as the number of screened children. The study considered the children born in Maringá as well as those born in other cities but living in Maringá. RESULTS: The NNSP did not reach the expected coverage of 100% in Maringá during the first five years of evaluation. There is a need to consider certain particularities when performing data analysis, such as the period and the place of material collection. CONCLUSION: Changes should be made so as to improve NNSP coverage. Furthermore, the period when the blood sample was drawn should be reconsidered and decentralized with a view to improve health care delivery.
Incidence of vascular complications in patients submitted to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by transradial and transfemoral arterial approach
Authors: Armendaris Marinez Kellermann , Azzolin Karina de Oliveira , Alves Fabiane Jaqueline Martins Santos , Ritter Simone Giradello , Moraes Maria Antonieta Pereira de
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE: To describe the vascular complications of transradial and transfemoral artery punctures in patients submitted to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). METHODS: Prospective cohort study including patients submitted to PTCA. An interview was performed and an instrument applied to collect risk factors/predictors of complications. After the procedure, a physical examination was performed, vital signs were measured and the puncture site was assessed. RESULTS: 199 patients were included, age 64±10 years. Complications found for the radial and femoral approach were respectively: ecchymosis (18.29%), (17.14%); bruising (17.66%), (14.27%); urinary retention (2.43%), (25.71%); loss of vessel permeability (8.53%), (0%). CONCLUSION: The complications found were considered minor or secondary, depending on the classification found in literature. A higher rate of vascular complications related to transradial artery punctures compared to the interventions performed by transfemoral approach.
Policies for the inclusion of disabled people: limits and possibilities
Authors: França Inacia Sátiro Xavier de , Pagliuca Lorita Marlena Freitag , Baptista Rosilene Santos
Published: April 2008

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the National Policy for the Integration of Disabled People in Brazil and to analyze which aspects of this policy are evidenced in academic publications. Data were collected in indexed databases and academic bibliography. The sample composition criteria permitted the inclusion of texts on social inclusion and public inclusion policies. Data were analyzed according to Thematic Content Analysis. It is concluded that disabled people have conquered a policy that guarantees access to goods and services, but face difficulties to achieve inclusion in education and the job market, due to the lack of education, qualification and resistance strategies by companies that refuse to hire them. The academic discourse highlights social inclusion problems, prioritizing rights to education, jobs and health care, to the detriment of rights related to culture, tourism and leisure.
O mito fascista da romanidade
Authors: Giardina Andrea
Published: April 2008

Este ensaio procura analisar como o mito de Roma foi utilizado por Mussolini para criar uma "especificidade" fascista que coincidisse com uma "especificidade" da nação italiana. Práticas rituais, gestos, valores, símbolos foram retomados, de forma variamente arbitrária, para construir um mito que gerava novas ambigüidades, e que constituiu, à diferença do nazismo, um empecilho para a própria sobrevivência da "romanidade" após Mussolini.
A religião da política em Israel
Authors: Bidussa David
Published: April 2008

A sociedade israelense constitui um exemplo interessante de religião da política, ou seja, um exemplo de como a dimensão política de uma sociedade pode adquirir um aspecto religioso próprio, assumindo um caráter de sacralidade. No início da experiência sionista acentua-se em Israel a religião do trabalho, a construção de um calendário cívico, a formação de uma nova identidade nacional. A partir da metade dos anos 1970, outros fatores prevalecem: a memória da Shoah, a construção de lugares do martírio nacional, o mito da resistência até o último homem. Chama-se a atenção, neste ensaio, para os percursos de uma sociedade civil que sente a necessidade de reescrever os contornos de sua identidade e remodelar a memória pública, pensando em si mesma como comunidade nacional.
A resiliência do Estado Nacional diante da globalização
Authors: Ricupero Rubens
Published: April 2008

Apesar da literatura sobre o recente enfraquecimento de funções básicas do Estado Nacional por obra da globalização, o Estado-nação vem demonstrando admirável resiliência, isto é, flexibilidade e capacidade de adaptação às mudanças. Partindo da perspectiva das relações internacionais, o artigo realiza levantamento da geografia política do mundo contemporâneo, indicando as razões que levaram à criação, no século XX, de nada menos de 150, do total de cerca de duzentos Estados existentes. Analisa o caráter ambivalente dos fatores de mudança, nem sempre no sentido do enfraquecimento do Estado, e se detém no caso da União Européia, única exceção de êxito na construção, ainda incompleta, de configuração pós-nacional.
Política econômica e Estado
Authors: Clark Giovani
Published: April 2008

O artigo enfoca, pela óptica do direito econômico, as influências das políticas econômicas privadas (basicamente do capital transnacional) e dos entes internacionais sobre as políticas econômicas públicas, especialmente as realizadas pelos Estados em desenvolvimento. Enfatiza a mutação do neoliberalismo de regulamentação para o de regulação como exigência dos poderes econômicos privados, identificando entre os seus resultados o enfraquecimento do Estado e a descrença na democracia. E, ainda, defende a existência de espaços para a execução de ações econômicas endógenas por parte dos Estados Nacionais, a fim de viabilizar a eficácia de suas Constituições econômicas e suprir as carências de seus povos.
Nação e nacionalismo a partir da experiência brasileira
Authors: Lessa Carlos
Published: April 2008

Pensar nação e nacionalismo a partir da experiência brasileira exige um mergulho desde as raízes coloniais até a modernidade. Essa trajetória é marcada por descompassos, e desde o Estado Nacional até a sedimentação da nação e o sentimento de auto-estima com uma "identidade brasileira" transcorre-se mais de um século. Tanto o conceito de Brasil-nação quanto as versões nacionalistas jamais têm alta dramaticidade; as passagens históricas fundamentais - abolição, proclamação da República, Estado Novo - se sucedem com poucos traumas preliminares e, em seqüência, a trajetória opera uma rápida "conservatização". Do ponto de vista econômico, as forças produtivas se desenvolvem dinâmica e intensamente. Apesar da expansão demográfica, da ocupação territorial, da transformação e emergência de novos grupos sociais no campo e na cidade, é preservada a exclusão social de amplas frações da nacionalidade dos benefícios do dinamismo econômico. É ciclotímica a leitura dos nacionais de suas próprias características. A cultura, tanto das elites quanto a popular, fornece chaves para entender as mutações do pensar nacional em relação ao Brasil e o desdobramento de múltiplas características.
Brasil e brasileiros: notas sobre modelagem de significados políticos na crise do Antigo Regime português na América
Authors: Jancsó István
Published: April 2008

Partindo da análise do significado político de Brasil e de brasileiro em documentos escritos por colonos em meados dos setecentos, o artigo aponta para a importância analítica do caráter desviante de variantes americanas da matriz societária portuguesa de tipo Ancien Régime. Trabalhando com os conceitos de memória e experiência, sustenta-se nele a idéia de que, por se tornarem assimétricas, as estruturas nacionais portuguesas dos dois hemisférios também se tornaram irredutíveis a um mesmo enquadramento constitucional quando da instauração da conjuntura revolucionária do final dos anos vinte do século XIX.
Em busca de incentivos para atrair o trabalhador autônomo para a Previdência Social
Authors: Neri Marcelo , Tamm Samantha Dart , Menezes Flavio , Kume Leandro
Published: April 2008

Este artigo objetiva demonstrar que incentivos são capazes de influenciar a decisão do trabalhador autônomo de participar ou não do sistema público de Previdência (INSS) utilizando um arcabouço de Teoria de Contratos (modelo de Principal e Agente). A flexibilização das regras referentes à cessão de benefícios previdenciários para os mais pobres presentes na Constituição Federal de 1988 funciona como um laboratório sobre a reação da contribuição previdenciária a incentivos. A análise empírica, entretanto, contradiz as previsões do modelo teórico. Há um movimento generalizado de saída do sistema público de Previdência, mas esse movimento é mais acentuado exatamente no grupo dos autônomos mais ricos. Em termos teóricos, isso é explicado como uma violação das restrições de compatibilidade de incentivos. Em termos práticos, pode-se pensar esse movimento a partir da maior oferta de fundos de pensão privados existente no mercado, concorrendo com o INSS.
Abertura do setor bancário ao capital estrangeiro nos anos 1990: os objetivos e o discurso do governo e dos banqueiros
Authors: Carvalho Carlos Eduardo , Vidotto Carlos Augusto
Published: April 2008

A abertura do setor bancário ao capital estrangeiro, em meados dos anos 1990, foi justificada pelo governo como uma iniciativa indispensável para aumentar a concorrência e induzir os bancos brasileiros a baratear e ampliar a oferta de crédito, o que não ocorreu, pelo menos nos anos seguintes. As justificativas do governo, apresentadas de forma lacônica na Exposição de Motivos 311, podem ser tidas como uma cortina de fumaça ou como uma concessão ao discurso liberalizante da época. O objetivo central do governo era outro: estimular o ingresso de capitais externos para o equacionamento das dificuldades do setor bancário com a queda abrupta da inflação e a crise de 1995. O discurso adotado pelos bancos estrangeiros, por seu lado, prometeu mudanças e inovações, "qualidade e preço justo", mas evitou compromissos com estratégias de atuação diferentes daquelas adotadas pelos grandes bancos brasileiros, que o governo dizia querer reverter com a abertura. O trabalho analisa o discurso público de ambos e suas contradições com as estratégias de fato seguidas.
Governance structure and transaction cost: relationship between strategy and asset specificity
Authors: Silva Christian Luiz da , Saes Maria Sylvia M.
Published: April 2008

This article presents a theoretical discussion of the determining factors of governance structures, using the transaction cost approach. The coexistence of distinct structures in the same production chain, whose assets show no difference in terms of specificity, is a problematic challenge for transaction cost economics, since it predicts a convergence towards the most efficient structures. The research is pure and explanatory and seeks to identify the determining or contributing variables to the occurrence of the phenomena. Thus, the research source is documental, encompassing the literature discussing the relation between governance structure and transaction cost.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of the inflammatory response in periodontal disease
Authors: Lins Ruthinéia Diógenes Alves Uchôa , Figueiredo Cláudia Roberta Leite Vieira , Queiroz Lélia Maria Guedes , Silveira Ericka Janine Dantas da , Godoy Gustavo Pina , Freitas Roseana de Almeida
Published: April 2008

In order to contribute to the knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, an immunohistochemical analysis of the density of inflammatory mononucleated cells and the number of dendritic cells was performed using anti-CD4, anti-CD20, anti-CD25, anti-CD68 and anti-protein S-100 antibodies in 17 cases of chronic gingivitis (CG) and 25 of chronic periodontitis (CP). The CD4+ and CD68+ cells exhibited a diffuse distribution in the connective tissue. CD20+ cell distribution was predominantly in groups and the CD25+ cells exhibited a diffuse or focal distribution. The S-100+ cells were identified in the epithelium and the lamina propria, exhibiting distinct morphology and number. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between CG and CP regarding the density of the CD4+ and CD20+ cells and the number of S-100+ cells. However, significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the groups in the density of CD25+ and CD68+ cells . The density of macrophages was greater in CG and the level of cellular activation of the lymphocyte infiltrate was greater in CP. No differences were detected between the aforementioned conditions regarding the density of the T and B lymphocytes and to the number of the dendritic cells.
pH-cycling models to evaluate the effect of low fluoride dentifrice on enamel de- and remineralization
Authors: Queiroz Celso Silva , Hara Anderson Takeo , Paes Leme Adriana Franco , Cury Jaime Aparecido
Published: April 2008

Since the currently available pH-cycling models do not differentiate the anti-caries potential of dentifrices with low fluoride (F) concentration, two models were developed and tested in the present. Bovine enamel blocks were subjected to the models and treated with F solutions containing from 70 to 280 mug F/mL in order to validate them in terms of dose-response effect. The models were also tested by evaluating the dentifrices Colgate Baby (500 mug F/g, as a low fluoride dentifrice), Tandy (1,100 mug F/g, as an active F-dentifrice) and Crest (1,100 mug F/g, as positive control). Enamel mineral loss or gain was assessed by surface and cross-sectional microhardness, and lesion depth was analyzed by polarized light microscopy. The pH-cycling models showed F dose-response effect either reducing enamel demineralization or enhancing remineralization. The low F dentifrice presented anti-caries potential, but it was not equivalent to the dentifrices containing 1,100 mug F/g. These data suggest that the models developed in this study were able to evaluate the anti-caries potential of low F dentifrice either on resistance to demineralization or on enhancement of remineralization.
Adhesion of Epiphany and AH Plus sealers to human root dentin treated with different solutions
Authors: Nunes Vinicius Humberto , Silva Ricardo Gariba , Alfredo Edson , Sousa-Neto Manoel D. , Silva-Sousa Yara T. C.
Published: April 2008

This study evaluated comparatively the adhesion of Epiphany and AH Plus endodontic sealers to human root dentin treated with 1% NaOCl and 1% NaOCl+17% EDTA, using the push-out test. Sixty root cylinders obtained from maxillary canines had the canals prepared and were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=20), according to root dentin treatment: GI - distilled water (control), GII - 1% NaOCl and GIII - 1% NaOCl+17% EDTA. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n=10) filled with either Epiphany or AH Plus. Bond strength push-out test data (kN) were obtained and analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. There was statistically significant difference between sealers (AH Plus: 0.78 ± 0.13; Epiphany: 0.61 ± 0.19; p<0.01) and among root dentin treatments (distilled water: 0.58 ± 0.19; 1% NaOCl: 0.71 ± 0.12; 1% NaOCl+17% EDTA: 0.80 ± 0.17; p<0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus sealer presented greater adhesion to dentin than Epiphany, regardless of the treatment of root canal walls.
Tensile bond strength and SEM analysis of enamel etched with Er:YAG laser and phosphoric acid: a comparative study In vitro
Authors: Sasaki Luis H. , Lobo Paulo D. C. , Moriyama Yumi , Watanabe Ii-Sei , Villaverde Antonio B. , Tanaka Celso Shin-Ite , Moriyama Eduardo H. , Brugnera Jr. Aldo
Published: April 2008

Er:YAG laser has been studied as a potential tool for restorative dentistry due to its ability to selectively remove oral hard tissue with minimal or no thermal damage to the surrounding tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the tensile bond strength (TBS) of an adhesive/composite resin system to human enamel surfaces treated with 37% phosphoric acid, Er:YAG laser (lambda=2.94 mum) with a total energy of 16 J (80 mJ/pulse, 2Hz, 200 pulses, 250 ms pulse width), and Er:YAG laser followed by phosphoric acid etching. Analysis of the treated surfaces was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess morphological differences among the groups. TBS means (in MPa) were as follows: Er:YAG laser + acid (11.7 MPa) > acid (8.2 MPa) > Er:YAG laser (6.1 MPa), with the group treated with laser+acid being significantly from the other groups (p=0.0006 and p= 0.00019, respectively). The groups treated with acid alone and laser alone were significantly different from each other (p=0.0003). The SEM analysis revealed morphological changes that corroborate the TBS results, suggesting that the differences in TBS means among the groups are related to the different etching patterns produced by each type of surface treatment. The findings of this study indicate that the association between Er:YAG laser and phosphoric acid can be used as a valuable resource to increase bond strength to laser-prepared enamel.
Human enamel nanohardness, elastic modulus and surface integrity after beverage contact
Authors: Machado Camilo , Lacefield William , Catledge Aaron
Published: April 2008

This study evaluated nanohardness, elastic modulus and surface roughness of human enamel after contact with citric beverages. Human enamel samples were assigned to 3 groups according to the type of beverage used: carbonated drink, orange juice and tap water (control). Surface roughness was assessed using a profilometer, and nanohardness and elastic modulus were recorded using a nanoindenter. The pH of the beverages was measured before and after citric contact during 5 weeks. Means(SD) were as follows: Carbonated drink: elastic modulus decreased from 111.6(14.5) to 62.3(10.3) GPa, nanohardness decreased from 4.62(0.67) to 1.28(0.46) GPa, roughness increased from 5.30(2.39) to 6.86(2.56) mum, and the pH changed from 2.69(0.35) to 2.29(0.24); Orange juice: elastic modulus changed from 115.15(12.94) to 92.11 GPa (13.83), nanohardness from 5.54(1.48) to 3.18 GPa (0.64), roughness from 5.26(2.27) to 6.73(2.25) mum, and pH from 3.46(0.20) to 3.03(0.14); Tap water (control): elastic modulus changed from 117.87(22.3) to 107.91(20.05) GPa, nanohardness from 4.35(1.66) to 4.28(0.93) GPa, roughness from 5.76(3.11) to 6.11(2.65) mum, and pH from 7.97(0.28) to 8.11(0.21). In conclusion, soft drink exposure caused a significant decrease in nanohardness and elastic modulus. The pH of the soft drink was more acidic from 5ºC to 37ºC. Orange juice showed a similar trend but, surprisingly, it had less effect on hardness, elastic modulus and roughness of enamel than the carbonated drink.
El movimiento feminista y la salud de las mujeres: la experiencia de los Centros de Planificación Familiar (CPF) en Catalunya (1976-1982)
Authors: Ferreira Sílvia Lúcia
Published: April 2008

Este estudio pretende recordar las luchas del movimiento feminista de España (Catalunya) por el derecho a la salud de las mujeres analizando las estrategias utilizadas, que hicieron posible una mayor equidad de género en los Centros de Planificación Familiar (CPF), popularmente conocidos como plannings o planins. La información se recogió mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas a mujeres, escogidas por su actuación en el movimiento feminista, y profesionales de salud que participaron en los centros mencionados en los municipios de Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona y Santa Coloma de Gramenet. La creación y manutención de los plannings fue una victoria colectiva importante ya que unió estrechamente a muchas mujeres y produjo transformaciones sociales significativas.
Mídia e a figura do anormal na mira do sinóptico: a constituição discursiva de subjetividades femininas
Authors: Silva Marluce Pereira da , Moura Carmen Brunelli de
Published: April 2008

Neste artigo, a partir de estudos foucaultianos, discutem-se as noções de masturbação, anomalia e práticas de confissão, associadas a investigações voltadas para as subjetividades femininas veiculadas pela mídia, cujas imagens apresentam modelos para a construção de novos sujeitos. Utilizam-se também como dispositivos analíticos os estudos de Zygmunt Bauman, apoiados em Thomas Mathiesen, acerca do sinóptico como novo mecanismo de poder em funcionamento na mídia, e alguns assinalados por Rosa Maria Bueno Fischer. O que se pretende é discutir a materialidade lingüístico-discursiva do depoimento-confissão de uma mulher negra, pobre e idosa, selecionado da novela Páginas da vida, exibida pela TV Globo, em 2006, a fim de se apreenderem os efeitos de sentido que poderiam construir um dos primeiros sinais de sua "anormalidade". Tal discussão aponta para a reinvenção de uma outra figura do "anormal", com implicações éticas, uma vez que a mulher subverte práticas discursivas advindas de certos saberes e poderes.
No labirinto, espadas e novelo de linha: Beauvoir e Haraway, alteridades, e alteridade, na teoria social
Authors: Kofes Suely
Published: April 2008

Este artigo contém uma leitura em contraponto: a noção de situação em Simone de Beauvoir e a de intersecções em Donna Haraway expressariam supostos relacionais; mulher estaria para Beauvoir como ciborgue está para Haraway; Beauvoir distingue a situação das mulheres, dos judeus e dos negros, considerando a relação entre situações e consciências históricas e/ou biológicas. A biologia aparece em situação como construção mítica de uma identidade a ser ultrapassada para a constituição do sujeito; em Haraway, o ciborgue seria uma narrativa sobre como o biológico e a realidade social de raça e gênero situam-se em uma rede de interações, informação e semiologia. Relação e constituição do "objeto", temas caros à teoria social, seriam instituídos em (e pela) alteridade sem a dicotomia dura entre realidade e ficção, natureza e cultura, literatura e ciência.
As viagens de Nísia Floresta: memória, testemunho e história
Authors: Duarte Constância Lima
Published: April 2008

Dentre os escritores brasileiros do século XIX, que registraram suas viagens em livros, destaca-se Nísia Floresta Brasileira Augusta. Nascida no interior do Rio Grande do Norte, em 1810, ela residiu em Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul e Rio de Janeiro antes de se mudar para a Europa, em 1849, e visitar diferentes países até falecer, em 1885, em Rouen, na França. Dos 15 títulos que publicou - romance, novela, contos, poemas e ensaios, escritos em português, francês e italiano -, estão os interessantes Itinéraire d'un voyage en Allemagne (Paris, 1857) e Trois ans en Italie, suivis d'un voyage en Gréce (Paris, v. I, 1864; v. II, 1871). Esses livros, escritos sob a forma de diário ou de cartas, são mais que simples relatos, pois revelam, bem ao gosto da época, as emoções e as impressões da autora diante de cada cidade ou país que visita, bem como descrições e reflexões sensíveis de igrejas, museus, monumentos e tipos humanos.
Identification of salsolinol in the mediobasal hypothalamus of lactating ewes and its relation to suckling-induced prolactin and GH release
Authors: Misztal Tomasz , Górski Konrad , Tomaszewska-Zaremba Dorota , Molik Edyta , Romanowicz Katarzyna
Published: April 2008

The push–pull perfusions of the infundibular nucleus–median eminence (IN/ME) were made in lactating ewes (n=7) twice, to identify dopamine (DA)-derived salsolinol and the changes in its extracellular concentration in response to suckling. The perfusate collecting period in every ewe consisted of control non-suckling period, 1000–1230 h (five perfusates), and suckling period, 1230–1500 h (next five perfusates). Simultaneously, blood samples were collected from 1000 to 1500 h at 10-min intervals. The perfusate concentrations of salsolinol and DA were measured by HPLC, and plasma prolactin and GH concentrations were assayed by the RIA. Mean concentrations of salsolinol in perfusates collected from the anterior and posterior parts of the IN/ME (according to post-mortem localization of a perfusion site) increased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.001 respectively) during the suckling period, when compared with those noted during the non-suckling period. While no DA was found in the anterior part, only vestigial amounts of DA were found in a few perfusates collected from the posterior part. Salsolinol was not detected in the IN/ME of ewes 10 weeks after weaning (seasonal anoestrus). Mean plasma prolactin and GH concentrations during suckling were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those noted during the non-suckling period. In conclusion, our current study reveals that salsolinol is present in the IN/ME of lactating ewes and that its extracellular concentration increases during suckling. Moreover, it supports the role of salsolinol as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulatory process of prolactin secretion at least during lactation.
Motion‐blur characterization on liquid‐crystal displays
Authors: Song Wen , Li Xiaohua , Zhang Yuning , Qi Yike , Yang Xiaowei
Published: April 2008

Abstract— In this paper, several methods to characterize motion blur on liquid‐crystal displays are reviewed. Based on the assumptions of smooth‐pursuit eye tracking and one‐frame temporal luminance integration, a simple algorithm has been proposed to calculate the normalized blurred edge width (N‐BEW) and motion‐picture response time (MPRT) with a one‐frame‐time moving‐window function to LC temporal step response curves. A custom measurement system with a fast‐eye‐sensitivity‐compensated photodiode has been developed to characterize motion blur based on LC response curves (LCRCs). MPRT values obtained by using the algorithm mentioned above and those from the smooth‐pursuit‐camera methods agree. Perception experiments were conducted to validate the correspondence between the simulated results and actual perceived images by the human eyes. In addition, the insufficiency of MPRT to evaluate motion blur on impulse‐type light‐generation LCDs, by analyzing the measurement results of a scanning backlight LCD, is discussed.
ZnO nanowires for LED and field‐emission displays
Authors: Könenkamp R. , Nadarajah A. , Word R. C. , Meiss J. , Engelhardt R.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The use of ZnO nanostructures in various display applications is reported. Single‐crystalline vertically oriented nanowires with typical diameters of 100 nm and a length of 1–2 μm were grown at deposition temperatures below 100°C. Homogeneous growth over areas up to 50 cm2 on Si as well as on various metallic, transparent, and flexible substrates were obtained. Visible electroluminescence in the region between 400 and 900 nm and narrow‐line near‐ultraviolet (UV) electroluminescence is demonstrated. The physical conditions leading to single‐crystalline growth at low temperature, the role of defects, and the possibility of doping are discussed. These issues present the main challenges on the road towards high emission rates in LED operation. Under certain conditions, sharply tipped wires can be grown that hold promise for field‐emission applications.
Dynamic studies on the charging of spacers for high‐voltage field‐emission displays
Authors: Li Hao , Jordan Dirk C. , Coll Bernard F. , Howard Emmett , Johnson Scott V. , Johnson Michael R. , Dean Kenneth A. , Jaskie James E.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— In this article, a systematic study on the relationship between the rate of spacer surface‐charge accumulation and the anode voltages in a dynamic setting is presented. The spacers are placed in a test package simulating a field‐emission panel where electron trajectories are recorded along a preset timeline. True secondary emission of spacers under the influence of an anode field is then deduced and the factors affecting the rate of charge accumulation on the spacer surface are discussed. The results of invisible spacers under different operating conditions of anode voltage, emission current, and pulse width will also be given.
A novel method for predicting chronic nickel bioavailability and toxicity toDaphnia magnain artificial and natural waters
Authors: Deleebeeck Nele M. E , De Schamphelaere Karel A. C , Janssen Colin R
Published: April 2008

In the present study, the individual effects of Ca, Mg, and pH on the chronic toxicity of Ni to Daphnia magna were examined in a series of 21-d reproduction tests in synthetic test solutions. Based on the linear increase of 21-d median effective concentrations expressed as Ni2+ activity (21-d EC50Ni2+) with increasing activities of Ca2+ and Mg2+, the effects of Ca and Mg were modeled according to single-site competition with log KCaBL = 3.53 and log KMgBL = 3.57 (BL = biotic ligand). Because the increase of 21-d EC50Ni2+ with increasing H+ activity was nonlinear, the effect of pH could not be described appropriately by singlesite competition between Ni2+ and H+. Instead, the effect of pH was modeled based on an empirical linear relationship between pH and 21-d EC50pNi2+* (equal to —log [21-d EC50Ni2+ corrected for the presence of Ca and Mg]) and was superimposed on the effects of Ca and Mg. For all test solutions used for model development, the developed model predicted the observed 21-d EC50 expressed as dissolved Ni concentration with an error of less than a factor of two. The importance of dissolved organic carbon in protecting D. magna against chronic Ni toxicity was demonstrated by conducting 21-d reproduction tests in a series of Ni-spiked natural waters. Because the model tended to systematically overestimate chronic Ni toxicity in these natural waters, it was further optimized to yield more accurate predictions in natural waters. Although some room still exists for improvement, the developed model is, to our knowledge, the first to present a useful tool for assessing the risk of Ni to aquatic invertebrates.
GRAVITY TECTONICS AND PLATE MOTIONS
Authors: Rangin Claude , Le Pichon Xavier , Martinez-Reyes Juventino , Aranda-Garcia Mario
Published: April 2008

This is an introduction to the series of papers presented in this volume that concerns the Cenozoic tectonics of the western margin of the Gulf of Mexico, from Texas in the north to the Veracruz area into the south. These combined offshore-onshore structural studies investigate the links between surperficial gravity slidings and deep crustal flow within the complex geodynamic framework of Mexico, located at the junction between the North America, Carribean and Pacific plates (including the earlier Farallon plate).
Cenozoic crustal deformation of the offshore Burgos basin region (NE Gulf of Mexico). A new interpretation of deep penetration multichannel seismic reflection lines
Authors: Le Roy Charlotte , Rangin Claude
Published: April 2008

Along northeastern Mexico close to the Texas-Mexico border, the Burgos basin and its extension offshore was developed and deformed from the Paleocene up to Present time. This is a key triple junction between the sub meridian dextral transtensive coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico extending far to the south in Mexico, the NE Corsair fault zone offshore and the sinistral Rio Bravo fault zone, a reactivated segment of the Texas lineament.

Offshore NE Mexico, in the main study area covered by available seismic profiles, we have evidenced below the main well known gravitational décollement level (5 to 7 s twtt → 6 to 8 km) a Cenozoic deep-rooted deformation outlined by a N010° W trending deep-seated reverse fault zone and crustal folding down to the Moho (11 s twtt → ~ 20 km).

Based on extensive offshore 2D industrial multi-channel seismic reflection surveys, deep exploration wells and gravimetric data, we focus our study on the deep crustal fabric and its effects on the gravitational tectonics in the upper sedimentary layers: submeridian crustal transtensional normal faults and open folding of the identified Mesozoic basement were interpreted as Cenozoic buckling of the crust during a major phase of oblique crustal extension. This deformation has probably enhanced gravity sliding along N030° growth-faults related to salt withdrawal and halokinesis in the offshore Burgos basin. We have tentatively made a link between this crustal deformation episode and the Neogene tectonic inversion of the Laramide foredeep basin of the Sierra Madre Oriental. The latter is still affected by crustal strike slip faulting associated with basaltic volcanism observed into the gulf coastal plain.

This study favours a dominant crustal Cenozoic tectonic activity along the gulf margin without any clear evidence of Mesozoic tectonic reactivation. We propose that the large gravity collapse of the gulf margin was triggered by subsequent crustal deformation.
The southern Mexico block: main boundaries and new estimation for its Quaternary motion
Authors: Andreani Louis , Le Pichon Xavier , Rangin Claude , Martínez-Reyes Juventino
Published: April 2008

Numerous studies, mainly based on structural and paleomagnetic data, consider southern Mexico as a crustal block (southern Mexico block, SMB) uncoupled from the North American plate with a southeast motion with respect to North America, accommodated by extension through the central Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (TMVB). On the other hand, the accommodation of this motion on the southeastward boundary, especially at the Cocos–Caribbean–North American triple junction, is still debated.

The boundary between the SMB and the North American plate is constituted by three connected zones of deformation: (1) left-lateral transtension across the central TMVB, (2) left-lateral strike-slip faulting along the eastern TMVB and Veracruz area and (3) reverse and left-lateral strike-slip faulting in the Chiapas area. We show that these three active deformation zones accommodate a counterclockwise rotation of the SMB with respect to the North American plate. We specially discuss the Quaternary motion of the SMB with respect to the surrounding plates near the Cocos–Caribbean–North American triple junction. The model we propose predicts a Quaternary counterclockwise rotation of 0.45°/Ma with a pole located at 24.2°N and 91.8°W.

Finally we discuss the geodynamic implications of this counterclockwise rotation. The southern Mexico block motion is generally assumed to be the result of slip partitioning at the trench. However the obliquity of the subduction is too small to explain slip partitioning. The motion could be facilitated by the high thermal gradient and gravitational collapse that affects central Mexico and/or by partial coupling with the eastward motion of the Caribbean plate.
Assessment of Hyperbolic Heat Transfer Equation in Theoretical Modeling for Radiofrequency Heating Techniques
Authors: López-Molina Juan A , Rivera Maria J , Trujillo Macarena , Burdío Fernando , Lequerica Juan L , Hornero Fernando , Berjano Enrique J
Published: April 2008

Theoretical modeling is a technique widely used to study the electrical-thermal performance of different surgical procedures based on tissue heating by use of radiofrequency (RF) currents. Most models employ a parabolic heat transfer equation (PHTE) based on Fourier’s theory, which assumes an infinite propagation speed of thermal energy. We recently proposed a one-dimensional model in which the electrical-thermal coupled problem was analytically solved by using a hyperbolic heat transfer equation (HHTE), i.e. by considering a non zero thermal relaxation time. In this study, we particularized this solution to three typical examples of RF heating of biological tissues: heating of the cornea for refractive surgery, cardiac ablation for eliminating arrhythmias, and hepatic ablation for destroying tumors. A comparison was made of the PHTE and HHTE solutions. The differences between their temperature profiles were found to be higher for lower times and shorter distances from the electrode surface. Our results therefore suggest that HHTE should be considered for RF heating of the cornea (which requires very small electrodes and a heating time of 0.6 s), and for rapid ablations in cardiac tissue (less than 30 s).
Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm Found by CT Scan
Authors: Hirose Hitoshi , Matsunaga Iwao , Strong III Michael D
Published: April 2008

A 62-year-old male with a previous coronary artery bypass grafting underwent CT scan for evaluation of left epigastric pain. Findings showed a large left ventricular pseudoaneurysm, which was subsequently confirmed by left ventriculogram. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully repaired surgically.
The Persistence of College Students from Their Freshman to Sophomore Year
Authors: Kiser Angelina I. T. , Price Larry
Published: April 2008

This research examined the predictive accuracy of selected variables (high school letter grade average, first-year college grade point average (GPA), residence location, cumulative hours taken, mother's education level, father's education level, and gender) on the persistence of college freshmen to their sophomore year. A model consisting of 1,014 students was first developed and then the sample was divided into three other models, White students, Hispanic students, and African-American students. Logistic regression analyses ( N = 1,014) revealed that the effect of cumulative hours was statistically significant ( p < .05) for the overall model, and for the White and Hispanic student models. No variables were statistically significant in the African-American students model. Additionally, no variables were found to be practically significant in any of the four models.
General and Specific Goal Orientations as Correlates of Adult Student Degree Completion: Lessons from the Community College of the Air Force
Authors: Savage Jeffrey S. , Smith Albert B.
Published: April 2008

This research examined degree completion through the lens of Snyder's hope theory (Snyder, 2000) in an effort to expand the research on student retention from Tinto's sociological theory to a theory that focuses on the psychological orientations that might help explain student success. The study focused on a sample of 443 master sergeants enrolled in associate of applied science degrees offered by the Community College of the Air Force, a non-traditional, non-transfer, regionally accredited community college. The results of the logistic regression analysis revealed hope, as one component of overall goal orientation, to be a statistically significant predictor of degree attainment. Specific goal orientation, defined and measured as the strength of desire for earning this particular degree, was particularly important to degree completion for this sample.
Retention of Community College Students: Related Student and Institutional Characteristics
Authors: Craig Alfred J. , Ward Cynthia V. L.
Published: April 2008

Public community colleges were established to improve access to higher education. However, access for all often results in low student retention and in the loss of effort, time, and money for students and institutions. This institutional specific retention study, which examined student factors, both demographic and academic, and institutional factors, was completed at a public community college in New England. Working from an existing database, the data on a cohort of first-time full-time students ( N = 1,729) were tracked through the period fall 1998 through fall 2003 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis. The findings resulted in a set of recommended changes in institutional policies and practices aimed at improving student retention and, thereby, greater success for the students and the institution.
A Global Review of Training of Community Health Workers
Authors: Li Virginia C. , Goethals Peter R. , Dorfman Sharon
Published: April 2008

Community Health Workers (CHWs) are often the most important deliverers of health care services. This review brings together relevant information on CHWs and their training. These materials concern themselves with training techniques as they have been developed in various programs in various countries around the world. Because of the relative newness of the field the bulk of the materials have been written only in the last ten years. Four phases in training CHWs to undertake primary health care work are reviewed. These are: assessing the community's health needs and priorities and specifying the CHWs' tasks, adapting CHW training to the community, selecting CHWs and providing the CHWs with training and support. Issues of concern relating to these phases are: who is the trainer, what training strategies are to be followed, how is the training to be monitored and evaluated and, finally, what is the cost. A guide to twenty-two manuals that have been developed in various countries for use in training CHWs is included.