bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathological features of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary parasitosis in neotropical primates in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Silva Raquel A.F. , Lima Telma S. , Dias Rômulo F.F. , Santos Nayadjala T.A. , Oliveira Rafael L. , Oliveira Jaqueline B. , Araújo Jeann L. , Lucena Ricardo B.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: Understanding primate helminth fauna through the characterization of the associated diseases and parasitism, clinicopathological behavior, and parasite-host relationship is crucial in determining the impact of parasitic infections on free-living and captive species. The present study aimed to describe the primary clinical and anatomopathological aspects of parasitism in non-human primates (NHP). Necropsy records of NHPs diagnosed with endoparasitosis at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the “Universidade Federal da Paraíba” were reviewed to obtain epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data, while samples were collected for parasitological identification at the time of necropsy. All animals were obtained from the cities of Cabedelo and João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, from screening and monitoring centers for animals seized from illegal trafficking in this state. Twenty-four cases of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary parasites affecting primate species belonging to species of the Sapajus and Callithrix genera were identified. In contrast, Molineus torulosus was identified in the intestinal serosa of 16 animals. Further, there were five cases of Trypanoxyuris callithrix, two cases of Platynosomum illiciens infection, and one case of Dipetalonema gracile. The clinical and pathological behaviors of these diseases ranged from asymptomatic infections, considered based on necropsy findings in 14 cases, to cases with characteristic clinical manifestations associated with the cause of death of the animals in 10 of the 24 cases. Identification of the clinical behavior and pattern of pathological lesions can contribute to a better understanding of the parasite-host relationship and aid in the adequate diagnosis of these diseases.
Evaluation of erythrocyte dysmorphism in dog urine
Authors: Santos Carolina B.R. , Silva Lucas C. , Oliveira Angélica P. , Silvestre José A.R. , Teixeira Miriam N. , Guimarães Janaina A.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: Glomerulopathy is an important cause of kidney disease in dogs. Diagnosis is based on anamnesis, clinical examination, and complementary tests and can be complex and costly depending on the stage of the disease. Morphological evaluation of erythrocytes observed during urinalysis is frequently conducted for humans, which may help identify kidney damage in animals with kidney disease - individuals with glomerular disease present with erythrocyte dysmorphism, particularly the presence of erythrocytes recognized as acanthocytes. Animal studies are limited, and their results are often contradictory. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the different populations of isomorphic and dysmorphic red blood cells (RBCs) present in the urine of dogs and to compare the bright-field and phase-contrast optical microscopy techniques in identifying morphological changes in RBCs during urinalysis. A total of 40 samples were selected from dogs with microscopic or macroscopic hematuria from routine care at Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Veterinary Hospital and were sent to the hospital’s Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory. Physical, chemical, and sediment examinations were conducted. Subsequently, RBCs were evaluated and differentiated using bright-field and phase-contrast microscopy. In dog urine samples, it was possible to identify all populations considered isomorphic and dysmorphic that are described in humans. Among those considered isomorphic, normal RBCs, annulocytes, and echinocytes were observed, whereas stomatocytes, acanthocytes, codocytes, ghost cells, knizocytes and cells with no defined names (other) were found among the dysmorphic forms. No significant difference was observed between the two microscopic techniques used to differentiate and classify erythrocytes. Therefore, it is possible to identify and differentiate the morphological alterations found in RBCs in dogs’ urine. Compared with a phase-contrast microscope, a conventional optical microscope can be used without any detrimental effects, thereby facilitating the use of this technique in the laboratory routine, as it is cost-effective. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the identification of erythrocyte dysmorphism as an early marker of glomerular lesions.
Bioethics in the adversities of access to infertility treatment
Authors: Oppenheimer Drauzio , Caldas Christiane Peres , Rego Francisca , Nunes Rui
Published: December 2024

Abstract Infertile couples face barriers in access to specialized medical care, leading to a movement that seeks equality in access to infertility treatments. Identifying the ethical issues involved and understanding how discussions about justice occur in the provision of medical infertility treatment is important. A literature review was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. In general, articles showed that most countries do not meet ethical requirements of distributive justice. Articles pointed to barriers to access and resistance that exists in accepting infertility as a health problem. They also demonstrated the suffering caused by infertility and the urgency of putting ethical concepts into practice so that solutions may be adopted. In conclusion, an ethical debate that achieves provision of well-being for all can improve health and the feeling of justice on the part of health professionals and policy makers.
Reversão judicial de penas aplicadas por Conselho Regional de Medicina
Authors: Cortez Camila Kitazawa , Serodio Aluisio Marçal de Barros , Lopes Filho Gaspar de Jesus
Published: December 2024

Resumo Este estudo propôs identificar e analisar a fundamentação de decisões judiciais que declaram a nulidade do processo ético-profissional e/ou da pena aplicada pelo Conselho Regional de Medicina do Estado de São Paulo, assim como averiguar a proporção de ações judiciais procedentes, em primeira instância, e relacionar a procedência da ação com o tipo de pena ética, no período compreendido entre 2008 e 2018. A pesquisa realizada foi do tipo documental retrospectiva, empregando-se abordagem qualiquantitativa. Os dados quantitativos foram submetidos a abordagem estatística descritiva, e os qualitativos passaram por análise de conteúdo. Do total de 78 ações propostas para revisão do processo ético-profissional e/ou da penalidade aplicada, identificaram-se 19,23% de sentenças procedentes. Seis categorias emergiram como embasamento da decisão de reconhecimento de nulidade, destacando-se duas: ausência de fundamentação da decisão e cerceamento de defesa.
Planejamento antecipado de decisões em saúde mental: análise bioética
Authors: Pozón Sergio Ramos , del Olmo Bernabé Robles , Bernal Carlos Solís , Maestre Begoña Román
Published: December 2024

Resumo Os estudos sobre planejamento antecipado de decisões são frequentes no âmbito da saúde e, cada vez mais, no campo da saúde mental. Como parte de uma abordagem proativa e ética para a tomada de decisões, é uma ferramenta ideal para fornecer um cuidado digno e respeito ao indivíduo e seu entorno. Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem ética sólida que fundamenta e reivindica tal prática. Para tanto, realiza-se análise rigorosa dos benefícios éticos e assistenciais, destacando as barreiras que dificultam sua incorporação e refletindo sobre a necessidade de mais pesquisas para superar essas barreiras a fim de proporcionar um cuidado mais humanizado a pacientes com transtornos mentais. Além disso, propõem-se recomendações aos profissionais de saúde envolvidos no cuidado de tais pessoas para implementar esse tipo de relação assistencial.
El ageísmo en la investigación científica
Authors: Moura Edmilson Leal Bastos de
Published: December 2024

Resumen El ageísmo es uno de los prejuicios más prevalentes y generalizados en la actualidad. La exclusión de los ancianos de los estudios clínicos se ha identificado como un elemento de sesgo y, a pesar de que ya se describió en la década de 1960, el ageísmo sigue sin tener una solución práctica, lo que pone de manifiesto la arraigada marginación de este segmento de edad. Esta revisión pretende ofrecer una breve panorámica de las repercusiones de este prejuicio en la investigación clínica y señalar posibles estrategias para superarlo.
Development of medical values in the training in active methodologies
Authors: Barbosa Tatiane Muniz , Merigo Eduarda Ferreira , Silva Mateus Henrique , Lima Paola de
Published: December 2024

Abstract With the growing expansion of medical education in Brazil, in parallel with the updating of the National Curriculum Guidelines (2001, 2014 and 2022), reflection on the teaching-learning process of ethics and bioethics becomes necessary. The study correlates moral values developed during medical training with their application during the mandatory internship in a medical course in southern Brazil. This is a qualitative study with 72 students from the internship classes, and data collection consisted of an individual questionnaire. The results of the content analysis indicate that the moral values learned during training and the values practiced and considered essential for internship experience are respect, responsibility, patience and humility, and discussions and learning about these moral/social values take place more frequently when educational strategies characteristic of active methodologies are adopted.
Robôs cuidadores na saúde
Authors: Dall’Agnol Darlei
Published: December 2024

Resumo Neste breve ensaio, realizaremos análise conceitual das condições de cuidado respeitoso e aplicaremos à construção de robôs cuidadores. Demonstraremos que existem dois tipos possíveis de robôs cuidadores e que, em geral, o devido respeito exige a valorização da autonomia do paciente. Por último, destacam-se as limitações dos robôs cuidadores no setor da saúde.
Languages, Language, and Linguists: The Study of the Diversity of Languages According to Saussure and Benveniste
Authors: Hoff Sara Luiza , Barboza Gabriela
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT With this article, we aim to address aspects related to the treatment of languages in the theoretical postulations of two linguists: Ferdinand de Saussure and Émile Benveniste. To do so, we examine selected works by these authors, seeking to discuss-based on evidence-the role they grant to languages in their formulations. The analyses allow us to demonstrate the protagonism of the diversity of languages as one of the points where the two linguists meet, even though there are differences in their approaches.
Diálogos interdisciplinares da análise de domínio com as comunidades discursivas, as comunidades epistêmicas, a metateoria e os colégios invisíveis: perspectivas metodológicas no âmbito da organização do conhecimento
Authors: Guimarães José Augusto Chaves , Tognoli Natália Bolfarini
Published: December 2024

Resumo A Análise de Domínio, considerada uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Organização do Conhecimento, vem sendo, ao longo de duas décadas, objeto de análise na literatura da Ciência da Informação, sendo reconhecida sua importância ao fornecer conhecimento contextual, enfatizando as dimensões sociais, históricas e culturais da informação. No entanto, em que pese esse reconhecimento, os diálogos que a análise de domínio pode estabelecer com outras configurações metodológicas em prol de uma organização e representação cada vez mais contextualizada do conhecimento para a sociedade não têm sido abordados suficientemente. A vista do exposto, o presente trabalho se propõe a analisar a configuração cultural da análise de domínio na organização do conhecimento e os diálogos que podem ser estabelecidos entre ela e as comunidades discursivas, as comunidades epistêmicas, a metateoria e os colégios invisíveis, em busca de uma maior robustez metodológica. Os resultados demonstram que os diálogos interdisciplinares aqui propostos proporcionam processos, instrumentos e produtos de organização e representação do conhecimento mais contextualizados e socialmente comprometidos.
As inter-relações entre competência em informação e gestão da informação e do conhecimento pessoal: análise mediante revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Carvalho Andréa Vasconcelos , Sousa Renato Tarciso Barbosa de , Martins Rand Randall
Published: December 2024

Resumo A competência em informação, a gestão da informação pessoal e a gestão do conhecimento pessoal são necessários ao enfrentamento dos desafios que impactam a sociedade contemporânea. No entanto, as pesquisas nesses âmbitos têm se desenvolvido de modo paralelo, resultando na duplicação de esforços. Desse modo, objetiva-se analisar as inter-relações entre competência em informação, gestão da informação pessoal e a gestão do conhecimento pessoal. Para tanto, é realizada pesquisa básica, exploratória e qualitativa, adotando a revisão sistemática da literatura como procedimento técnico. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Eric, Scopus, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, World Scientific e o Google Acadêmico. A avaliação dos estudos incluídos no portfólio bibliográfico foi realizada mediante o método multicritério de apoio a decisão em pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram incluídos 14 artigos de periódico, escritos em inglês, sendo 12 estudos empíricos e dois estudos teóricos. A síntese descritiva dos dados foi realizada mediante a análise de conteúdo com o auxílio da ferramenta informática Atlas.ti. Assim, com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que as inter-relações entre os conceitos analisados se caracterizam pela semelhança, sobreposição e complementariedade, as quais se expressam em seus componentes fortemente imbricados. Esses componentes são as atividades, que se constituem como ações vinculadas ao ciclo de vida da informação; e as competências, constituídas pelos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes necessários para lidar com a informação e com o conhecimento em um dado contexto.
Entre máscaras, tubos, tabelas e fluxogramas: a fabricação das mortes na pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Silva Andreia Vicente da , Azevedo Paulo Roberto , dos Santos Alessandra
Published: December 2024

Resumo Durante a segunda onda da pandemia de COVID-19, em 2021, houve um crescimento expressivo do número de mortes diárias no Brasil. Neste contexto, viu-se uma explosão de publicização de dados quantitativos sobre infectados, mortos, leitos e testes. Os governos das três esferas da federação, por sua vez, se lançaram em empreitadas para divulgar informações cada vez mais complexas. O que tais dados têm a nos dizer sobre essas mortes? Qual a sua função? Neste artigo, procuramos compreender como foram fabricadas as mortes da COVID-19. Para tanto, analisamos um caso de óbito ocorrido na cidade de Toledo, no Paraná, buscando articular a trajetória de adoecimento e morte de um indivíduo, considerando elementos políticos, sociais e econômicos. O conceito de crise é o caminho teórico para relacionar a necropolítica neoliberal à fabricação das mortes da pandemia. A triangulação entre dados quantitativos e qualitativos permitiu tensionar o alcance dos índices de mortalidade, fazendo-nos refletir sobre os impactos dos protocolos, das estratégias e das ideologias nas experiências de morte daqueles que faleceram em contexto pandêmico.
FINANCIAMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO PÚBLICA E A CONDIÇÃO EDUCACIONAL NO BRASIL: 1995–2020
Authors: Castro Jorge Abrahão de
Published: December 2024

RESUMO Este estudo analisa o financiamento da educação pública e sua relação com a condição educacional da população brasileira entre os anos 1995 e 2020. O pressuposto básico é que existe relação direta entre o financiamento público e a condição educacional da população, principalmente em países de elevada desigualdade e pobreza, pois os adequados recursos públicos permitem a oferta de bens e serviços públicos educacionais fundamentais na melhoria da condição educacional e do bem-estar da maioria da população. A metodologia utilizada foi uma análise multidimensional de dados do período, para identificar padrões, tendências ou alterações específicas e conjuntas entre o financiamento público e as múltiplas dimensões da condição educacional. A análise do período mostrou que o financiamento público importa para melhorar a condição educacional brasileira, mas também revelou instabilidades e mesmo quando ele cresceu não foi o suficiente para alterar diversas mazelas da condição de elevado atraso educacional brasileiro.
FINANCIAMENTO EDUCACIONAL NO BRASIL E EM PAÍSES DA OCDE: OS DESAFIOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Amaral Nelson Cardoso
Published: December 2024

RESUMO Neste estudo, examinam-se indicadores educacionais com informações presentes em países selecionados da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) e no Brasil com o objetivo de detectar desafios para o futuro educacional brasileiro. Considerou-se como premissa que um conjunto de países da OCDE selecionados já possui um elevado nível educacional e que podem indicar caminhos a serem seguidos para o futuro educacional brasileiro. Os resultados mostram que há uma grande diferença entre os indicadores nos países selecionados da OCDE e no Brasil, e o exame do documento final da Conferência Nacional de Educação de 2024 mostra que as propostas e estratégias elencadas procuram diminuí-la, tendo como proposição básica a elevação dos recursos financeiros aplicados em educação a valores equivalentes a 10% do produto interno bruto.
Handroanthus impetiginosus biometry of seed and seedling production after different periods of immersion in water
Authors: Almeida Romário de Sousa , Araújo Jayane Karine Pereira de , Araújo Maria Pereira de , Moura Luzia Batista , Gomes Azenate Campos , Barbosa Francisca Maria , Lacerda Alecksandra Vieira de
Published: December 2024

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the biometric characteristics of Handroanthus impetiginosus seed, and to evaluate the effect of different periods of seed immersion in water on the initial growth of seedlings. Seed and embryo characteristics were analyzed for length, width, and thickness. Moisture content, one thousand seed weight, and the number of seed per kilogram were determined. Seed were subjected to 10 immersion treatments in water and to one control without water. The treatments in water consisted of immersion for 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 hours. Lengths of seedling aerial parts and roots were analyzed 30 days after sowing. Water-use efficiency was assessed. The moisture content was 60.03%. The thousand seed weight was 29.860 g, corresponding to about 33,490 seed kg−1. Seed with lateral wings showed 4.486, 0.890, and 0.101 cm for length, width, thickness, respectively. Embryo showed 0.981, 0.655, and 0.076 cm, for length, width, and thickness, respectively. Seed immersion in water for six hours expresses the best results for growth and water-use efficiency, leading to vigorous seedlings of H. impetiginosus.
Perspectives and approaches of articles on science communication published in Brazilian journals
Authors: Hungaro Ana Regina de Oliveira , Pugliese Adriana
Published: December 2024

Abstract Science Communication (SC) plays a crucial role in the social, cultural, and economic development of a society. In Brazil, its history is long, but it has achieved continuous growth, which can be observed in the increasing number of articles published on the subject in recent years. Given this scenario, this paper intended to map how SC has been addressed in different publications, from 2014 to 2021, in six academic journals - Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (Brazilian Academy of Sciences Records), Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (Brazilian Journal of Science Education Research), Ciência & Educação (Science & Education), Educação e Pesquisa (Education and Research), Educação & Realidade (Education & Reality), and Revista de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática (Mathematics and Sciences Teaching Journal) - categorized as “Class A” periodicals in CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Higher Education Staff Improvement Coordination) Qualis Program. Both the Knowledge State in the publications found and the material submitted to Content Analysis, as proposed by Bardin (2011), were reviewed. In all, 51 articles related to Science Communication were selected. In this corpus, the following was observed: 1) the distribution of articles over the years and how the topic has been treated; 2) the number of partnerships between Brazilian and foreign institutions; 3) the presence of major areas of knowledge (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Sciences); and 4) the journals conduct during the pandemic, between 2020 and 2021. Finally, in a qualitative analysis, eight categories were created, making it possible to identify the predominance of use of SC in the classroom as a teaching resource, while other areas showed gaps. Our intention was not to exhaust what is known about the subject - after all, most publications on SC are fragmented - but to provide a general overview of the topic. In this sense, we believe in the role of area specific journals, as well as in the financing of projects that can contribute to SC’s advancement.
Neonatal Immunity to Candida: Current Understanding and Contributions of Murine Models
Authors: Palacios Angel , Kumar Ajay , Caliwag Fides Myles C. , Becerril-Garcia Miguel A.
Published: December 2024

Neonatal candidiasis poses significant clinical challenges due to its potential for severe morbidity and mortality in vulnerable infants. Due to their underdeveloped immune system, neonates are at a higher risk for infections caused by Candida species. They can vary from mild to severe, including penetrating deep tissues, bloodstream spread, and dissemination to organs. The immune system of newborns is marked by a limited innate immune response, with lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adaptive immunity, important for lasting protection, also experiences delayed maturation with weakened Th1 and Th17 responses. These shortcomings result in a higher vulnerability to Candida infections during infancy. Murine models have been crucial in understanding the reasons behind this susceptibility. These models assist in examining how different immune elements, like neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells, and their interactions are involved in Candida infections. Moreover, they offer an understanding of how early-life exposure to Candida affects immune responses and may aid in developing possible therapeutic plans. In this article we review current results from research to provide a thorough summary and critical insights into neonatal immune response to Candida, highlighting the importance of using murine models in this field of study. Understanding these immune dynamics is essential for creating specific treatments and preventive strategies to prevent newborns from Candida infections, ultimately improving neonatal health outcomes.
Post-settlement of rockfill in silty soil reinforced by explosive replacement method
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Kaiyu , Qin Wei , Gao Ziyang , Zhang Jinrong , Ni Junfeng , Zhang Yifan
Published: December 2024

The explosive replacement method is a highly effective reinforcement method for deep silty soil layers, which leads to the post-explosion settlement of integral rockfill. In this paper, several chamber tests were carried out to investigate the effect of different blast equivalents and depths of charge on the settlement behaviour of the rockfill. Blasting caused a reduction in undrained shear strength (Su), but this was eventually largely restored, followed by a gradual dissipation. The highest settlements were observed for the integral rockfill at a 20 cm positioning depth of the charge, with increases of 97.3% (single explosion) and 98.8% (double explosions) over the unexploded settlements. The double explosion resulted in greater settlement than the single explosion condition; however, this difference increased with positioning depth, with a maximum difference of 79.9% at 40 cm depth, and decreased again at 50 cm depth. It can be seen that there is a critical depth of burial for settlement after explosion, which is 20 cm in this paper; the critical depth in the field is 4 m according to the similarity ratio. An empirical formula for the settlement of rockfill after the explosion has been proposed. The research results can provide technical support for relevant projects.
A simple discrete approach to explore the response of swelling and softening particles
Authors: Vego Ilija , Richefeu Vincent , Felekis Georgios , Tengattini Alessandro , Viggiani Gioacchino
Published: December 2024

The response of granular materials is significantly affected by the stiffness of the particles that constitute them. This stiffness can evolve and the particles can exhibit strong inter-granular strain. While generally overlooked in literature, these features emerge in numerous materials that can soften and swell. This is the case for clays, root systems, and polymer-based particles. This study investigates the macroscopic effects of concurrent particle swelling and softening, based on previous experimental results on hygroscopic granular assemblies. The material studied therein shows a dilation–compaction response in oedometric conditions, despite the constant load, driven by the evolving properties of the particles. To model this complex response, an intentionally simple discrete element approach is proposed, with variables depending on one main parameter. A sensitivity analysis – built on the proposed material model and implemented within the discrete element method approach – successfully reproduces the experimental observations and notably the dilation–compaction response. An analytical one-dimensional model is then developed to further explore the role of variables in such assemblies. The study highlights that a simple model can capture the experimentally observed meso-scale mechanisms, underlining how complex responses can emerge from elementary inter-particle interactions.
Ideology as Relativized A Priori: On the Mind’s Relation to the Social World
Authors: Bremner Sabina Vaccarino , de Canson Chloé
Published: December 2024

We propose an account of the subject’s cognition and its relation to the world that allows for an articulation of the phenomenon of ideology. We argue that ideology is a form of what we call ‘a priori activity’: it transcendentally conditions the intelligibility of thought and practice. But we draw from strands of post-Kantian philosophy of science and social philosophy in repudiating Kant’s view that the a priori is necessary and fixed. Instead, we relativize the a priori: we argue that it is contingent, and therefore revisable. More precisely, it is conditioned materially, in that it is enmeshed with and shaped by material social practice. We conclude with some remarks about the possibility of agency over the relativized, materially conditioned a priori—that is, about the possibility of critique.
Production of glass-ceramic material of strontium aluminum silicate composition by semi-dry pressing
Authors: Severenkov I. A. , Alekseev M. K. , Zaychuk T. V. , Spiridonov Yu. A.
Published: December 2024

The processes of pressing and sintering ceramic samples from powders of crystallized strontium aluminum silicate glasses were studied. Non-porous high-strength glass-ceramic materials were obtained by semi-dry pressing method followed by crystallization and sintering, their structure, physical and mechanical properties were determined. Samples with a diameter of 60 mm and a thickness of 10 mm were molded using a 2,0 % solution of natural rubber in gasoline under а pressing pressure of 50 MPa. Non-porous strontium-anorthite glass-ceramic material was obtained as a result of two-stage heat treatment at temperature of 760 °C in the first stage and 1375 °C in the second.
Thermal properties of technogenic hydrated magnesia material
Authors: Fedorov S. A. , Davydov S. Ya. , Vlasov I. A. , Kurmacheva V. S.
Published: December 2024

Dumps of caustic magnesite dust are of interest as raw materials for the manufacture of medium-cement finegrained refractory concrete. This article presents the results of synchronous thermal analysis of this technogenic raw material and studies of the resulting burnt materials. It was found that after firing, 37‒41 % of the mass of the material is lost, the amount of periclase sharply increases ― from 2.5‒5.0 to 87.6 wt. %. There is a large difference in the textural and structural structure of most grains. During synchronous thermal analysis, 7 stages of mass loss were established: up to 450 °C they are associated with the removal of water, from 470 and up to 820 °C with the dissociation of carbonates. At a heating rate of 10 °C/min and a grain size of less than 0.071 mm, complete dehydration and decarbonization ends at 820.6 °C. Thermal regeneration of technogenic hydrated magnesia material by heating to 830 °C and above converts it into the initial active nanopericlase. Such a fired material will correspond to a finely dispersed periclase-calcareous refractory.
A study of motivational language awareness of monolingual and bilingual children (based on the data from a psycholinguistic experiment)
Authors:   Shokan Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Zhakupova Aigul D. , Anichshenko Olga A. ,   Shokan Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Temirova Zhanna G. ,   Shokan Ualikhanov Kokshetau University
Published: December 2024

This article provides a fragment of a comparative-motivological study of motivational language awareness in the context of topical issues of child speech linguistics, and is based on the evidences of metalinguistic consciousness of preschool and primary school children of the mono- and bilingual society of Kazakhstan. The aim of the article is to identify common and specific features of perceiving motivated lexical units by bilingual and monolingual children in order to describe their motivational language awareness; the aim is reached by using current achievements of comparative motivology and data obtained during the experiment with the metalinguistic consciousness of preschool and primary school children (aged 5 to 10). The study employed both general scientific methods: description, comparison, statistical data processing, psycholinguistic experiment, interpretation, analysis, synthesis, classification and categorization, and linguistic methods: motivational-comparative analysis, componential analysis, including correlation technique, and segmental overlap of linguistic units. The research material consisted of motivated, semi-motivated and non-motivated one-word lexical units and set phrases of the Russian and Kazakh languages (180 language units), and 4320 units of children’s meta-utterances. The authors regard children’s motivational language awareness as a linguo-mental phenomenon consisting in the ability to realize rational interdependence of the sound form and meaning. Three stages of the experimental study in which 144 children took part were characterized. A new methodology was developed for the comparative analysis of the evidences of children’s metalinguistic consciousness obtained during the experiment. A motivation scale was developed and became the basis for a new classification of words according to the degree of motivation. Common and specific features were identified in the perception of motivated vocabulary by monolingual and bilingual children. Due to the results of the study, the empirical and information base of the comparative-motivological theory was significantly expanded by including metatexts of children of different age groups (5–6, 7–8,
9–10 years of age) speaking one/two languages; the conceptual and terminological stock of the metalanguage of comparative motivology was enriched (motivating/non-motivating explanation, motivation index); current trends to describe motivational language awareness as a linguocognitive phenomenon were observed; new patterns of processing and perceiving word meanings by mono-bilingual children were identified; a new perspective of motivological study was outlined.
Postmodern Kentleşmede Yerin Önemi: Stadyumlar Üzerinden Teorik Bir Tartışma
Authors: Dinç Yücel
Published: December 2024

Sermaye ve tüketim odaklı postmodern kentleşme deneyimleri, 1980’li yıllardan itibaren kentsel mekâna yeni işlevler yüklemiştir. Bu bakımdan son zamanlarda kent merkezlerindeki belirli bölgeleri yeniden geliştirmenin bir yolu olarak stadyumların nasıl değerlendirileceği üzerinde sıklıkla durulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın motivasyonunu; Postmodern kentleşmede stadyumların konumları, işlevsel dönüşümleri ve yer duygusuna yönelik olarak literatürde yer alan baskın fikirler nelerdir? Stadyumlarla yer duygusu arasındaki ilişkiler teorik çerçevede nasıl açıklanabilir? soruları oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı; araştırma sorularından hareketle postmodern kentleşmede yerin önemini stadyumlar üzerinden tartışmaktır. Bu çerçevede, kapsam belirlemeye yönelik literatür taraması (scoping review) gerçekleştirilmiş ve literatürden derlenen bilgilerden hareketle stadyumların yer duygusu ile ilişkileri alt başlıklarla ortaya konulmuştur. Bunların yanı sıra, makale yazarının bir katılımcı gözlemci olarak İstanbul, Ankara, Gaziantep, Adana, Hatay ve Bodrum’daki stadyumlara yönelik bireysel tecrübeleri ve gözlemlerine yer verilmiştir. Stadyumlarla yer duygusu arasındaki ilişkiler ortaya konulurken, hümanist coğrafyanın öncü isimlerinden Yi Fu Tuan’ın geliştirdiği topofili (yer sevgisi) ve topofobi (yer korkusu) kavramlarından yararlanılmıştır. Tartışmalardan elde edilen çıkarımlar; stadyumların güçlü bir yer duygusuna sahip olduğunu, ancak yıkılan veya postmodern dönüşümler geçiren stadyumlarda yer duygusunun yitirilerek yerini yersizliğe ve yok-yerlere bırakmaya başladığını göstermiştir. Bu problem durumlarından hareketle; yatırımcıların, yerel yönetimlerin ve karar vericilerin stadyumlarla ilgili dönüşüm süreçlerinde kent sakinlerinin duygu, düşünce ve aidiyetlerini dikkate almaları gerektiği önerilmiştir.
Tektonizma ve İklim Denetimli Süreçlerin Volkanik Yapıların Morfolojisine Etkisi: Aras Dağları Volkanik Dağ Kuşağı’nda Kraterlerin Jeomorfik Özellikleri (Doğu Anadolu)
Authors: Öztürk Yahya , Zorer Halil
Published: December 2024

Aras Dağları Iğdır, Doğubayazıt ve Balıkgöl fay zonları tarafından denetlenen Pliyo-Kuvaterner Pamuk ve Durak dağları arasında 50 km uzunluğundaki volkanik rölyefi kapsamaktadır. BKB-DGD eksenli dağ kuşağının orografik çatısı stratovolkanlardan oluşan bir silsileden oluşur. Aras Dağları’nın kuzeyinde Tuzluca-Iğdır çek-ayır havzaları; güneyinde ise Ombulak Havzası, Balıkgöl Havzası, Balıkgöl Deresi flüvyo-tektonik oluğu ve Doğubeyazıt Havzası gibi depresyonların sıralandığı tektonik kuşak bulunmaktadır. Bu depresyonlar paleo-Ağrı Havzası’nın kalıntılarıdır ve Aras Dağları, bu depresyon sisteminde açılma çatlaklarına bağlı volkanizmayla gelişmiştir. Açılma çatlağının morfojenezi, KB-GD eksenli Serdarabat-Nahcivan fayı ile Balıkgöl-Siyahçeşme-Hoy fayları arasındaki aralı-aşmalı sekmelerle denetlenmiştir. Bu bölgesel deformasyon sistemi dahilinde birbirinden bağımsız merkezi püskürmeler ve kanat erüpsiyonları şeklinde gelişen parazit koniler, Aras Dağları’nda tipik kraterlerin gelişimiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Silsile üzerinde büyüklük ve morfolojik olarak farklı ondört belirgin krater yapısı belirlenmiş ve bunların ortaç/asidik lav erüpsiyonlarının ya da bazaltik piroklastik çıkışların topoğrafik sonuçları oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, krater yapılarının morfolojik tanıtımını/sınıflandırmasını yapmak ve krater morfolojisi üzerinde etkili olan krater içi ikincil volkanizma, tektonizma, paleorüzgarlar, akarsu ve buzullaşma gibi süreçlerin etkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda krater sistemleri tek tek ele alınmış, sayısal yükseklik modelleri kullanılarak kraterlerin 3D görünümleri, swath profilleri, kırmızı rölyef haritaları üretilmiştir. Çalışmada derlenen veriler tüm kraterlerin morfolojileri üzerinde flüvyal süreçlerin etkili olduğunu gösterirken, paleo-rüzgarların iki, glasyal süreçlerin üç, tektonizmanın (faylanma) yedi, krater içi ikincil volkanizmanın ise üç kraterin jeomorfik dokusuna etki ettiği anlaşılmıştır. Morfolojik yapıyı etkileyen bu süreçlerden dolayı tüm kraterler kapalı çanak özelliğinden yoksundur. Bu parametreler, deforme olmuş krater yapılarının değişken doğal ortam koşullarını anlamada önemli jeomorfik referans kaynaklarından biri olduğunu göstermektedir.
Coğrafyacıların Doğa Koruma Bağlamında Kariyer Olanakları
Authors: Oralel Hülya , Özkan Oğuzhan , Uzun Alper
Published: December 2024

Coğrafya, uluslararası anlamda istihdam alanı oldukça geniş bir meslek olmasına rağmen Türkiye’de gerekli ilgi ve önemi kazanamamıştır. İlgili problem doğrultusunda bu araştırmanın amacı, koruma alanları kapsamında çalışan/çalışabilecek olan coğrafyacıların durumunu saptamak, gerçekten ihtiyaç duyulan bir mesleğin önemi ve gerekliliğine dikkat çekmektir. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma tasarımında kullanılan bir veri toplama tekniği olan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Balıkesir Doğa Koruma ve Millî Parklar Şube Müdürlüğü’nde çalışan kişilerle görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler MAXQDA 2024 programında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre 34 kod 4 alt tema altında, alt temalar ise 2 tema altında toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın ana temaları “empati ve doğa” ile “tekil ve kolektif etkileşim” şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Kurumda coğrafyacıların istihdamına yönelik bir eğilimin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Doğa koruma faaliyetlerinde iyi yetişmiş coğrafyacıların çalışması ve çalıştırılması farklı ve bütüncül bir bakış açısı için oldukça gereklidir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de doğa koruma faaliyetleri başta olmak üzere coğrafyanın önemsendiği ve coğrafyacının öncelikli olduğu bir istihdam ve çalışma sistemi geliştirilmelidir. Çünkü “Coğrafyacı mesleği diye bir şey yoktur; daha ziyade coğrafyacıların yaptığı birçok meslek vardır”.
О понимании коммуникативной теории права
Authors: Chikeeva Zura
Published: December 2024

В статье рассмотрены особенности коммуникативной теории права, проанализированы труды ученых-юристов, рассматривающих развитие коммуникативной концепции правопонимания. Исследовано ее практическое применение в правовой системе Кыргызской Республики. Теоретико-правовой анализ научной дискуссии о коммуникативной концепции права позволяет определить ее персоналистскую и гуманитарную направленность. Особенностью коммуникативной концепции права, разработанной профессором А.В. Поляковым, является то, что она основана на интегративном подходе к правопониманию. В рамках коммуникативной теории права синтезируются социологическая и психологическая концепции правопонимания. Право рассматривается как психосоциокультурная целостность. В основе рассматриваемого подхода лежит взаимосвязь человека и его прав и обязанностей. В статье анализируются основные признаки права: наличие субъектов, обладающих взаимообусловленными (коррелятивными) правами и обязанностями; наличие социально признанных и общеобязательных правил поведения. Коммуникативная теория права ставит вопрос о целесообразности расширения сферы применения фикции от технико-юридического приема, нацеленного на преодоление консерватизма, к методологическому инструменту понимания права. Вместе с тем, необходимо изучить практическое применение данной теории в условиях глобализации и правовой конвергенции. В соответствии с коммуникативной теорией права правовая коммуникация, выражается в осмысленном взаимном поведении индивидуумов, осознающих свои правовые обязанности и субъективные права. Однако фактические отношения, связывающие двух субъектов, с их точки зрения, правами и обязанностями, таковыми не являются, если они не нормативны. Коммуникативная теория права получила в основном положительные отзывы со стороны научного сообщества. Дискуссионность отдельных положений этой теории выражается в следующем. Ученые-юристы обращают внимание на неоднозначность феноменологической редукции правового эйдоса, что может привести к субъективной трактовке научной концепции (И.Ю. Козлихин), на широкое использование различных правовых концептов, заимствованных из других наук (Ю.И. Гревцов), а также на широкое определение понятия права (Р.А. Ромашов) и т.д. В целом коммуникативная теория права носит междисциплинарный характер. Данная концепция наглядно демонстрирует развитие интегративных подходов к правопониманию в современной юриспруденции.
Порядок разрешения вопросово возмещении убытков, причиненных незаконными действиями государственных органов и должностными лицами
Authors: Panova Inna
Published: December 2024

Статья затрагивает интересные и важные вопросы возмещения вреда, причиненного незаконными действиями административных органов. Основное внимание уделяется современному аспекту рассматриваемого вопроса. Предлагаются соответствующие изменения в законодательстве, связанные с поднятой в статье проблематикой, например, дополнение Кодекса административного судопроизводства Российской Федерации (далее — КАС РФ) положением о том, что граждане вправе подавать в суд заявления о возмещении вреда или убытков, причиненных незаконными действиями административных органов в случае письменного отказа соблюдения досудебного порядка урегулирования споров со стороны должностного лица. Также автор предлагает дополнить КАС РФ положением, согласно которому в случаях, установленных законом, при рассмотрении жалобы о возмещении убытков (вреда), причиненного незаконными действиями (бездействием) должностного лица, суду необходимо учитывать обязанность соблюдения досудебного порядка рассмотрения вопроса о возмещении убытков (вреда) в пределах до 100 тыс. руб. Также предлагается в КАС РФ установить правило, при котором за противоправное поведение должностного лица (которое в административном порядке не возместило убытки) несет ответственность в суде орган или вышестоящее должностное лицо (которое впоследствии в дисциплинарном порядке будет выяснять все вопросы со своим подчиненным). Автор обосновывает необходимость внесения изменений в АПК РФ, ГПК РФ и КАС РФ в частности, если соответствующий субъект в административном порядке добровольно не уплачивает убытки, причиненные незаконными действиями (бездействием) должностных лиц, то сумма, взыскиваемая через суд, может быть увеличена. Автор делает вывод, что законодательство должно стимулировать возмещение вреда в административном порядке в противовес большим финансовым затратам в судах.
У истоков общеевропейских стандартов правосудия
Authors: Полдников Дмитрий
Published: December 2024

Рецензия на книгу: Ulrike Müßig. Reason and fairness:constituting justice in Europe, from medieval canon law to ECHR.Leiden: Brill, 2019. 629 p. (Leiden: Brill, 2019, 629 p.)Для цитирования: Полдников Д.Ю. У истоков европейских судебных стандартов // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2020. № 3. С. 253–259.
Synthesis, Characterization and X-Ray Crystal Structures of Aroylhydrazones Derived from 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde with Various Benzohydrazides
Authors: Liu Jia-Xue , Zhang Shi-Yu , Tai Meng-Xiao , Li Wei , You Zhonglu
Published: December 2024

Reaction of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde with 3-trifluoromethylbenzohydrazide, 3,5-dimethoxybenzohydrazide, 4-trifluoromethylbenzohydrazide and 2-bromobenzohydrazide, respectively, in methanol afforded four new aroylhydrazones. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and their structures were further confirmed by X-ray single crystal determination. The compounds were assayed for their antibacterial activities against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus and show interesting results.
1 M Tris-HCl pH 7.5 for Tetrahymena mating (Stock solution) v1
Authors: F Jimenez-Soto Luisa , Meister Christoph
Published: December 2024

In this protocol we specify the steps needed to create a 250 ml stock solution of 1M Tris-HCl solution used for the preparation of Tetrahymena thermophila cells for mating. The final concentration for inducing mating behavior is 10 mM (see Bruns PJ and Brussard TB, 1974 and Cassidy-Hanley, 2012). For general information about Tris based buffers, check 1 2. It buffers in a range from pH 7 to 9.
Mouse Perfusion Protocol v2
Authors: Robinson Heath
Published: December 2024

Protocol for perfusing mice with fixative, including description of creating all required solutions.
NCI Biospecimen Evidence-Based Practices (BEBP) - Nucleic Acid Extraction from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Tissue v1
Authors: Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch NCI
Published: December 2024

This evidence-based, expert-vetted best practice document is applicable for nucleic acid extraction from standard-size FFPE blocks containing human tissue, although such guidance may also be applicable to tissue from mammalian animal models. Specifically, recommended procedures are suitable for standard cassette-sized, non-decalcified tissue biospecimens that were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) for less than 48 h before paraffin embedding. Biospecimens processed under these procedural guidelines are suitable for analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), methylation analysis, Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing, and microarray hybridization. Much of the evidence presented in this document pertains to mRNA molecules and DNA, thus shorter RNA molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs) may require additional consideration and optimization. This document is not applicable for analysis of biospecimens by in situ hybridization.
Extended NET-seq Protocol v1
Authors: Huffines mcconaha , Schneider David
Published: December 2024

Here we provide a detailed protocol for NET-seq using Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an emphasis on examining the effects of divalent cations on RNA recovery.
Norm Compliance and International Status: National Human Rights Institutions in Domestic and Global Politics
Authors: Glušac Luka
Published: December 2024

Traditional literature associates status-seeking with aggressive behaviour based on state attributes such as military and economic capacities. This article argues that both material and ideational attributes help to confer status. It demonstrates that fundamental values, such as the rule of law and human rights, act as structural incentives for states to adopt prevailing international norms. It does so by analysing the creation of independent national institutions for the protection and promotion of human rights (also known as national human rights institutions [NHRIs]) in line with the Paris Principles adopted by the UN General Assembly. The article reaffirms the power of club membership in international relations, as governments choose to establish NHRIs despite the fact that these institutions serve to expose their human rights deficiencies and wrongdoings. It warns, however, that some governments might attempt to influence how NHRIs exercise their stratified rights as members of the global NHRI club (the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions) by pressuring them to align their views of the state’s human rights record in international forums with those of the government. The article sheds additional light on the importance of domestic political dynamics in status-seeking and status-keeping, which is an overlooked subject in the status literature. Finally, the article raises concerns about the pledge to create NHRIs in all UN member states by 2030, as expressed by Sustainable Development Goal 16, citing a genuine risk of individual NHRIs being captured by their governments in the current climate of democratic backsliding. In light of this, the article deepens our understanding of the interplay between global aspirations, status-seeking, and the integrity of human rights institutions.