bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BRAND EQUITY MANAGEMENT: INTERBRAND METHOD
Authors: Gluhović Nikola
Published: June 2020

Today, the brand is considered to be the most important element of the intangible assets of the company. Thus brand and value within a brand is one of the most important concepts in marketing. The brand equity is the term that represents the added value of products and services, and this value is reflected in everything that consumers think, feel and make in relation to the brand. Recipients of the added value can be consumers or companies. In the global economy, effective brand equity management is of crucial importance in identifying consumer needs and preferences, and satisfying them to overcome consumer expectations, thereby increasing the value of the brand, and thus the value of the company, ensuring market survival and establishing the basis for further growth and development. Strong brands affect business results primarily through the impact on three key stakeholder groups: consumers, employees and investors. The Interbrand method for brand valuation was designed to take into account all three groups of stakeholders. The basics of the model are the following components: the analysis of the financial results of branded products or services, the analysis of the brand's role in purchasing decisions and the competitor's brand strength. The goal of this paper is to identify the elements that most influence the creation and maintenance of brand equity, and analyze the positioning and value of the most successful globally traded brands based on the Interbrand methodology.
VJEŠTAČENJE MOBINGA
Authors: Stojaković Milan
Published: June 2020

Rad razmatra vještačenje mobinga. U radu se daju osnovne smjernice za vještačenje mobinga,te razmatraju zakonske odrednice mobinga.
O NORMALNOM I PATOLOŠKOM
Authors: Sandić Aneta
Published: June 2020

Egzaktno gradiranje i jasno demarkiranje normalnog i patološkog prilično je zahtjevan poduhvat unaprijed osuđenna nedorečenost. Ipak, ova tematika osobito nas profesionalce koji se bavimo tim širokim područjem mentalnogzdravlja ne treba ostaviti nijemima. Usuđujem se reći da niti ne smije, osobito kada želimo pristupiti psihopatologiji kaopraktičari, do dakako i naučnici, istraživači opserveri, analitički statističari i sl. Sugeriram da je propozicije, i tezeiznesene u ovom tekstu poželjno kombinovati u skladu sa vlastitom vokacijom i erudicijom, dakako i ličnimpreferencama u kontekstu različitosti teoretskih orijentacija, a pozivajući se na epistemologiju.
Analysis of the risk factors of emergence of terrorism in Russia
Authors: Novikov Andrey Vadimovich
Published: June 2020

National terrorism is a complex issue, the cause for emergence of which lies in various factors and conditions that generate or are capable of generating it. The goal of this work consists in determining the key risk factors that contribute to emergence of terrorism based on expert polling of the members of academic community and law enforcement directly dealing with security of the Russian regions. The importance of this research is characterized by the fact that it allows assessing the main internal and external factors contributing to emergence and spread of national terrorism, causes thereof, and conditions that formed in Russia. The research is based on a social survey of experts in the area of security, containing questions on risk factors of terrorism. In the course of study, 72 causes for emergence of national terrorism were identified, which were later transformed into survey questions. The acquired results allowed establishing 18 main risk factors associated with the advent of terrorism. It was noted that the elimination of these risk factors will allow an overall reduction of the impact of less significant factors. The research results can be useful for countries and national regions experiencing high level of terrorist activity.
Counteracting criminality in the area of information and communication technologies in the conditions of quarantine measures
Authors: Ul'yanov Mikhail Vladimirovich
Published: June 2020

This article examines the correlation of processes pertaining to the spread of the Coronavirus infection (COVID-19), as well as various elements of the of national security system. Analysis is conducted on the impact of the set of quarantine measures upon the increase in digitalization; use of personal data, prospects of correction of international approaches in the sphere of information security; development of legal instruments aimed at counteracting criminal use of information and telecommunication networks, including restriction of access to resources spreading banned information; expansion of the scale of cybercrime. The study of this topic is based on the general dialectic method of cognition of the phenomena, as well as systemic approach towards research of the social legal issues. The author comes to the conclusion that in the conditions of present threats regarding the expansion of the capabilities of organized crime within the information sphere, the measures aimed at controlling the Internet by states and private companies is also expanding. Global contradictions in the information sphere stemming from the current crisis are likely to be resolved, particularly through negotiation of international documents.
Nonsurgical Treatment for Hallux Abducto Valgus with Botulinum Toxin Type A
Authors: Radovic Philip Andrew
Published: June 2020

Background

Hallux abducto valgus (HAV) is a frequently seen abnormality of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Limited conservative treatment options exist, making surgery the only definitive treatment option for a mild to moderate deformity. Since initially published in 2008, treatment of HAV with botulinum toxin injection has evolved as a potentially effective modality as shown in several subsequent independent studies.

Methods

Botulinum injection of two intrinsic foot muscles (extensor halluces brevis and flexor hallucis brevis) in addition to adductor hallucis under electrical stimulation is presented as an improvement to the original method.

Results

The additional muscle injections of botulinum resulted in an further reduction of the HAV deformity and associated pain.

Conclusions

A significant improvement to the injection paradigm developed the author may prove to be more effective in reducing the HAV deformity and its associated pain.
Comparison of the Outcome of Stabilization of the Lateral Ligament Combined with Joint Debridement for Ligamentous Moderate Neutral Ankle Osteoarthritis
Authors: Qu Wenqing , Wang Zhenhai , Zhao Hongmou , Dong Shengjie , Sun Zhenzhong , Wang Dan , Li Wenliang , Zheng Yanping
Published: June 2020

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of stabilization of the lateral ligament combined with joint debridement in patients with ligamentous moderate neutral ankle osteoarthritis with those achieved for patients with varus ankle osteoarthritis.

Methods

We reviewed integrated data from 40 patients (40 ankles) with ligamentous moderate ankle osteoarthritis. Matched for age, gender, and follow-up duration, they were divided into two groups by preoperative coronal plane hindfoot moment arm values (HMAV): neutral (20 ankles, ≤15 mm) and varus (20 ankles, >15 mm) deformity. Stabilization of lateral ligament combined with joint debridement was performed. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hind foot score, hindfood moment arm values, and classification of Takakura were used to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes after a mean follow-up period of 64.2 months (range, 60-84 months).

Results

Mean post-operative AOFAS was 86.0 and 72.6 in the neutral and varus groups, respectively. The post-operative AOFAS of both groups improved significantly, although the outcome improvement of the neutral group was better than that of the varus group (P = 0.0006). There was obvious improvement in HMAV of the neutral group (P = 0.0469) and less improvement in HMAV of the varus group (P = 0.8509). The mean postoperative HMAV was 4.60 mm (0–10 mm) and 17.85 mm (8–23 mm) in the neutral and varus groups, respectively. The radiographic classification of Takakura was unchanged in the neutral group, whereas four cases in the varus group had a worse classification.

Conclusions

Stabilization of the lateral ligament combined with joint debridement for ligamentous moderate ankle osteoarthritis showed better clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with neutral alignment than that achieved for patients with varus malalignment.
The Application of Forensic Podiatry to Clinical Practice
Authors: Nirenberg Michael S. , Saxelby Jai , Vernon Rachel , Vernon Wesley
Published: June 2020

The practice of the clinical podiatrist traditionally focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the foot, ankle, and related structures of the leg. Clinical podiatrists are expected to be mindful of “the principles and applications of scientific enquiry.” This includes the evaluation of treatment efficacy and the research process. In contrast, the forensic podiatrist specializes in the analysis of foot-, ankle-, and gait-related evidence in the context of the criminal justice system. Although forensic podiatry is a separate, specialized field, many aspects of this discipline can be useful in the clinical treatment and management of foot and ankle problems. The authors, who are forensic podiatrists, contend that the clinical podiatrist can gain significant insights from the field of forensic podiatry. This article aims to provide clinical podiatrists with an overview of the principles and methods that have been tested and applied by forensic podiatrists in their practice, and suggests that the clinical practice of the nonforensic foot practitioner may benefit from such knowledge.
Exophytic Angioleiomyoma on the Plantar Foot
Authors: Dreyer LT Mark A. , Eastman David , Atwood Ronald , Johnson LCDR Jeptha T.
Published: June 2020

A case describing an O-to-Z double-advancement flap used to treat a 62-year-old woman with a slowly enlarging exophytic mass in the plantar aspect of the right foot is presented. Clinical details, surgical technique, and histologic photographs are described. This case report highlights the rare exophytic presentation of a pedal angioleiomyoma, which has not been described in the literature before.
Subungual Glomangiomyoma
Authors: Demirdag Hatice Gamze , Akay Bengu Nisa , Kirmizi Ayca , Serel Savas , Heper Aylin Okcu
Published: June 2020

Glomus tumors are relatively rare benign tumors originated from normal glomus bodies. These tumors make up approximately 2% of all hand tumors and are most commonly found in the nail matrix and proximal nail bed of the hands. Histopathologically, they are classified into solid glomus tumor, glomangioma, and the least common type glomangiomyoma. Here we report an unusual case of subungual glomangiomyoma of the toe with dermatoscopic and histopathologic findings.
Åpen vitenskap og digital formidling
Authors: Lieungh Erik
Published: June 2020

I denne artikkelen oppsummerer vi arbeidet med podkasten Open Science Talk, som ble skapt av Universitetsbiblioteket ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet høsten 2018. Dette er en engelskspråklig podkast om åpen vitenskap. Vi forteller litt om motivasjonen bak, hvilke tema vi dekket, hva vi oppnådde, og en kort refleksjon om dette var en god investering for å bedrive digital formidling.
Open Access Initiative – why, and are we willing to try?
Authors: Salvesen Helge
Published: June 2020

In the very early days of the Open Access movement (the concept had, in fact, just been coined at that time) former library director at UiT Helge Salvesen held the introductory speech at a seminar called "Open Online Access to Research", organised by the Norwegian Council for Higher Education, in Oslo, November 2003. In his speech, Salvesen describes the forms of Open Access now known as Gold OA and Green OA, emphasising the need for institutional repositories and other kinds of infrastructure to facilitate openness and transparency in research.
How we tried to JATS XML
Authors: Odu Obiajulu , Ekanger Aysa
Published: June 2020

This is a story about how an Open Journal Systems-based library publishing service tried (and failed) to implement XML in one of its publications. We ran a small project to look at how journals we support could develop a JATS XML-based publishing workflow using existing open software tools.
Analysis and Diversity of Benthic Foraminifera Based on Test Wall Composition in the Surface of Coastal Sediments from Tunda Island, Serang, Banten, Indonesia
Authors: Munaa A. Nabila , Nurruhwati Isni , Lintang P. S. Y. , Yuniarti M. S.
Published: June 2020

Tunda Island has become one of the marine tourism spots that is much considered by tourists because it has good coastal ecosystems. To find out the suitablecondition of Tunda Island waters, benthic foraminifera were used in this area. Foraminifera have the potential to be a bioindicator, which can be seen from the distribution, simple anatomy of the body and its ability to form hard shells. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and diversity of foraminifera based on shell walls on the surface of the coastal sediments of Tunda Island. This research was conducted on August 2019. Six samples were used in this study to analyze the abundance and diversity of benthic foraminifera based on test walls on the coast of Tunda Island. The analysis showed that only 2 sub-orders were found, namely Rotaliina and Miliolina. The most common sub-orders found in all studied stations are the Rotaliina with an abundance of 55% and 45% for the Miliolina. Calculation of community structure with diversity values ranging from 1.55 to 2.24 and dominance values ranging from 0.13 to 0.38 indicate that environmental conditions are under pressure both naturally and anthropogenically.
Aggregate Associated Carbon, Aggregation and Storage of Soil Organic Carbon Respond to Organic and Synthetic Fertilizers in Cereal Systems: A Review
Authors: Chandra M. Sharath , Naresh R. K. , Sheker B. Chandra , Mahajan N. C. , Vijay J.
Published: June 2020

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and its labile fractions are strong determinants of soil chemical, physical, and biological properties and the recycling of crop residues is an important factor affecting soil organic matter levels and soil quality. This collected review literature specifically aims on soil fertility related to aggregate associated carbon, aggregate-size distribution, aggregation and storage of soil organic carbon trends and their respond towards organic and synthetic fertilizers and also understanding of the effects of diverse soil management regimes on SOC sequestration in cereal systems. Several studies results showed that, with the exception of unfertilized control (CK) and nitrogen fertilizer (N) treatment, the concentration of SOCs in the soil layer 0-20 cm increased. The SOC concentration and storage to depths of 60 cm is significantly affected by long-term fertilization. SOC concentrations and stocks below 60 cm for all treatments were statistically insignificant. The degree of SOC was higher in farmyard manure plus N and P fertilizers (NP+FYM) at different depths, compared with CK, at 0-60 cm soil profile and followed by straw plus N and P fertilizers (NP+S) respectively. SOC storage in NP+FYM, NP+S, FYM and nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) fertilizers treatments increased by 41.3%, 32.9%, 28.1% and 17.9% respectively compared to CK treatment in 0–60 cm. Organic manure plus inorganic fertilizer application also increased organic carbon pools of the labile soil at depths of 0–60 cm. Particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) average concentration in organic manure plus inorganic fertilizer treatments (NP+S and NP+FYM) increased by 64.9–91.9 percent, 42.5–56.9 percent and 74.7–99.4 percent over CK treatment. The average control treatment SOC concentration was 0.54 percent, which increased to 0.65 percent in RDF treatment and 0.82 percent in RDF+FYM treatment and increased enzyme activity, potentially affecting soil nutrient dynamics in field conditions. The RDF+FYM treatment sequestered 0.28 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 compared with the control treatment while the NPK treatment sequestered 0.13 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 respectively. It can be concluded that long-term additions of organic manure have the most beneficial effects on the production of carbon pools, improve the availability of SOCs and also enhance C sequestration in soils.
A Theoretical Method for Efficient Design of Power Tiller Rotavator Satisfying Multiple Objectives
Authors: Mahapatra Jyotirmay , Kashyap Vinita , Sharma Ajay Kumar
Published: June 2020

Several advantages of rotavator including negative draft generation make it the most suitable attachment to power tiller. Many factors affect the economy and performance of power tiller which includes specific energy consumption, resourceful use of available power, produced soil conditions and blade durability. Hence a systematic design method was developed for power tiller rotavator while considering all these factors simultaneously. Specific work done by rotavator was equalized with performable work of power tiller for different combination of design and kinematics parameter. The value of design and kinematic parameters included in the previous step were limited by the extremities. These limitations were imposed so as to get desired soil conditions and blade durability. The best combination of parameters that produces the desired soil condition with minimum specific energy consumption while utilizing the available power resourcefully was selected. Other design parameters were calculated using parameters from the selected combination. Rotavator design and kinematic parameters satisfying the above objectives were calculated and found to be velocity ratio of 5.12, forward velocity of 0.41 m/s, rpm of 80.19, operating width of 7.5dm and 30 number of blades mounted in 5 number of flanges. This method of optimisation can be adopted for improved power tiller rotavator design and efficient operation. But as this method is purely theoretical; practical verification of the design is essential before adopting for large scale industrial production.
Auditory Evoked Potentials P50: Pure-tones vs Clicks. There is a Similar Supression?
Authors: López PhD M.D, Seidel Guerra , Rodríguez M.D, María de Los A. Pedroso , Cantero M.D, Diego , Silva Gilvan Aguiar da
Published: June 2020

Objective: Clinical application of middle-latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEPs) has been increasing, highlighting the importance of understanding the nature of P50, a component of middle-latency auditory evoked potential. We manipulated stimulus frequency bands in auditory stimuli in order to investigate the nature of P50 in human auditory evoked potentials.

Methods: Two paradigms have been used to obtain P50: one is a conditioning /testing paradigm in which paired of pure tone (1000Hz) are delivered, and the other was presented paired of clicks, both with an intensity of 60 dB sound pressure level above the auditory threshold. A total of 30 healthy volunteers were recruited for this study among Center of genetic engineering (fifteen man and fifteen women, mean age of 36, 5). All without consumption of caffeine, cigarettes and drugs.

Results: No statistically significant differences occurred between the P50 amplitudes and latencies for the pure tone and those for the clicks.

Conclusions: Our present results indicate that P50 in humans may reflect a feed-forward mechanism of the brain where a preceding stimulus drives sensory gating mechanisms in preparation for a second stimulus, but the contained frequency doesn't influence on the P50. Both types (tones or clicks) can be used in the exploration of patient with this evoked potential.
Evaluation of the Effect of Melatonin on Periodontal Tissues in Rats with Periodontitis Induced Experimentally
Authors: Santos Bianca Caroline Custodio dos , Gomes Jossinelma Camargo , Miola Angela Esmeralda Zaparolli , Rothen Simone Karine , Rodrigues Célia Patricia Muller , Costa Rose Meire , Nassar Patricia Oehlmeyer , Nassar Carlos Augusto , Nassar Carlos Augusto
Published: June 2020

Objective: To analyze the effects of melatonin administration on the periodontal tissues of rats, linked or not with ligature-induced periodontal disease.

Materials and Methods: 40 male Wistar rats aged eight weeks, divided into Control Group (GCON), Ligature Group (GLIG), Melatonin Group (GMEL) and Ligature and Melatonin Group (GLIGMEL). GLIG and GLIGMEL were induced to experimental periodontitis by placing a ligature on the lower molars for 30 days. During the experiment, after 16 days with the ligature, melatonin was administered orally for 10 mg/kg for 14 days in GMEL and GLIGMEL. In the end, euthanasia was performed and the hemi-mandibles were collected for the respective histological and radiographic analyzes; for the results, Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA-One-Way and Tukey's multiple comparison tests were used.

Results: A significantly lower alveolar bone loss (p<0.05) was demonstrated in the animals that received the administration of melatonin, in which it had a prophylactic function against the effects of the disease, evidenced in radiographic, histomorphometric and histological analyzes in the bone cell count.

Conclusion: Results show that the therapy with administration of melatonin promotes a protective effect on the alveolar bone tissue of rats with induced experimental periodontitis.
Simple Optical Measurements of Pre-treated Surface Roughness for Thermal Spray
Authors: Yamagata Yukihiko , Iwasaka Ryo , Shigyo Keita , Tanaka Juntaro , Kawaguchi Yasuyuki , Muraoka Katsunori
Published: June 2020

For achieving satisfactory performance of coating layers obtained using the thermal spray technique, pre-treatments are carried out by roughening the smooth surfaces of metals to more than a few tens of μm.  Although a surface roughness tester is reliable for quantitatively measuring the surface roughness, it requires expertise and a long measuring time.  In the present article, a simple optical method is presented which the authors hope will replace the above surface roughness tester. The proposed method relies on first projecting a narrow beam of light from a light-emitting diode obliquely over the roughened surface, and then on measuring the distortion of the light as observed perpendicular to the surface.  Proof-of-principle experiments were performed first against a surface roughness comparator, and then against actual blasted surfaces using both the optical method and the surface roughness tester, yielding the two methods to be in good agreement.
Influence of Co-Administration of Bioflavonoid on Diuretic Activity of Furosemide
Authors: Al-Saikhan Fahad I.
Published: June 2020

As bioflavonoids have a strong affinity to bind with albumin, it is plausible that they may have the ability to displace the diuretic furosemide bound to albumin. In this study we sought to verify this hypothesis by examining the effect of the co-administration of a bioflavonoid with furosemide on the diuretic activity of the latter.  Diosmin is a bioflavonoids type of plant chemical found mainly in citrus fruits.

For this purpose, we analyzed bioflavonoids by their ability to bind to human serum albumin (HAS) using an in silico method and found that diosmin had a higher affinity to albumin than furosemide. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of the co-administration of diosmin with furosemide on the diuretic activity of the latter in mice.

Our results showed that the combination did not produce any significant change in the diuretic activity of furosemide; however, after 3 hours of treatment, the urine volume of the mice that received diosmin along with frusemide was greater than that of mice administered only the same dose of furosemide. There was no significant difference in urine volume between the two groups at the end of 24 hours. A similar trend of increased levels at 3 hours in the combination group and absence of any difference at 24 hours was noted in the case of the urine concentrations of Na+, K+, and 2 Cl.

Our findings indicate that co-administration of diosmin increased the immediate diuretic effect of furosemide for the first few hours and that this effect subsides within 24 hrs. Therefore, this combination should be used with care, especially during the first few hours of administration.
Promoting Precipitation Technique using Bio-Chemical Grouting for Soil Liquefaction Prevention
Authors: Putra Heriansyah , Yasuhara Hideaki , Kinoshita Naoki , Fauzan Muhammad
Published: June 2020

The applicability of bio-chemical grouting as the environmentally friendly and economically method for liquefaction remediation was evaluated. Several combinations of organic and in-organic precipitations methods were conducted to obtain the optimum grouting solution. Organic precipitation method employs a bio-agent of urease enzyme to dissociate urea into ammonium and carbonate ions. The produced carbonate ions are precipitated as calcite crystals in the presence of calcium ions. Meanwhile, the in-organic methods were performed using chemical compounds only, without the bio-agent. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed to evaluate the applicability of the grouting solutions for improving the soil strength. Grouting solution is injected into the prepared sand samples. The sand samples with a relative density of 50% were treated with one and two PV for 3-day curing times. The experimental results showed that the organic precipitation method produced the high precipitated amount and resulted in the significant improvement in the strength of the treated sand. The presence of the precipitated materials within the grains of soil generated the strength of 272 kPa. The results of this study have elucidated that the organic precipitation method composed of calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, urea and enzyme of urease may be an alternative soil-improvement technique to prevent the liquefaction susceptibility.
Effects of heparin infusion on plasma lipoproteins in subjects with lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Authors: Rao S.N. , Cortese C. , Miller N.E. , Levy Y. , Lewis B.
Published: July 2002

The role of heparin‐releasable hepatic endothelial lipase (HL) in human plasma lipoprotein metabolism was investigated by examining the effects of intravenous infusion of heparin (180 units/kg over 2 h) in 8 subjects with primary extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase deficiency. In addition to reducing the triglyceride concentration in very low‐density lipoproteins, heparin‐induced release of HL reduced the phopholipid and protein concentrations in the HDL2 subclass of high‐density lipoprotein (by 28% and 36% respectively, mean values) and simultaneously increased the HDL3 phospholipid concentration (by 23%), providing the first in vivo evidence for a function of HL in the interconversion of the major HDL subfractions in man.
Identification of a troponin‐I like protein in platelet preparations as histone H2B
Authors: Stewart D.I.H. , Golosinska K. , Smillie L.B.
Published: July 2002

A tropomyosin‐binding protein (app. M
r 17000) was detected in equine platelet preparations by a gel overlay technique. Its isolation, amino acid and partial sequence analyses have shown it to be histone H2B. As with a similar protein from pig platelet preparations [der Terrossian (1983) FEBS Lett. 152, 202–206], it inhibits Mg2+‐dependent actomyosin S1 ATPase. This inhibition is partially reversed in the presence of calmodulin and Ca2+ but is not potentiated, unlike troponin‐I, by tropomyosin. This protein, along with the other histones, is almost certainly derived from a low level of contaminating nucleated cells in most platelet preparations.
The nature of the stable noncovalent dimers of band 3 protein from erythrocyte membranes in solutions of Triton X‐100
Authors: Schubert D. , Boss K. , Dorst H.-J. , Flossdorf J. , Pappert G.
Published: July 2002

Stable noncovalent dimers of band 3 protein from human erythrocyte membranes, in which state the protein is thought to exist after solubilization by the nonionic detergent Triton X‐100, do not occur when purified batches of the detergent are used. Instead, the protein is in a monomer/dimer/tetramer association equilibrium. The stable dimers do appear, however, when the detergent has been ‘aged’. They thus seem to be artifacts.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor activity and specificity during enterocyte‐like differentiation and retrodifferentiation of the human colonic cancerous subclone HT29‐18
Authors: Chastre Eric , Emami Shahin , Rosselin Gabriel , Gespach Christian
Published: July 2002

Commitment of HT29‐18 cells to enterocyte‐like differentiation by glucose removal is related to a decreased capacity to generate cAMP after treatment with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), forskolin or sodium fluoride. In contrast, the potency of VIP (EC50 = 1.1–1.3 × 10−10 M) and the pharmacological specificity of the VIP receptor (VIP > rh GRF 1 ‐43 > PHI > secretin) are unchanged during differentiation and retrodifferentiation. These results indicate that disturbances in VIP receptor‐post‐receptor activity, involving cell surface VIP receptors, membrane and intracellular transducers of hormonal information, occur during enterocyte‐like differentiation of the HT29‐18 subclone.
Apparent inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis by S.cerevisiae mating pheromones
Authors: Orlean Peter , Arnold Elisabeth , Tanner Widmar
Published: July 2002

Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromones a and α factor strongly inhibit the incorporation of radio‐labelled glucosamine into N‐glycosylated proteins of corresponding haploid cells. This observation was erroneously interpreted as an inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis. It has turned out that α factor causes a 4–5‐fold dilution of incorporated [14C]glucosamine with non‐radioactive endogenous precursor. In the case of the [14C]chitin synthesized, which does not show inhibition by α factor, the lowering of the specific activity of the precursor is exactly compensated for by an increased rate of chitin synthesis caused by α factor.
The narcotic antagonist naltrexone has a biphasic effect on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Madsen B.W. , Albuquerque E.X.
Published: July 2002

Narcotic antagonist
Naltrexone
Nicotinic receptor
Electrophysiology
Single channel recording
Channel activation
Channel blockade
Plasminogen activators catalyse conversion of inhibitor from fibrosarcoma cells to an inactive form with a lower apparent molecular mass
Authors: Nielsen Lars S. , Andreasen Peter A. , Grøndahl-Hansen Jan , Skriver Lars , Danø Keld
Published: July 2002

Purified 54 kDa plasminogen activator inhibitor from human fibrosarcoma cells was converted to an inactive form with slightly higher electrophoretic mobility by incubation with catalytic amounts of urokinase‐type or tissue‐type plasminogen activator. Serine proteinase inhibitors and a monoclonal antibody against urokinase‐type plasminogen activator inhibited the conversion, indicating that it was caused by plasminogen activator‐catalyzed proteolysis. These findings represent the first demonstration of a well‐defined protein apart from plasminogen, constituting a substrate for plasminogen activators.
A [3H]amine congener of 1,3‐dipropyl‐8‐phenylxanthine
Authors: Ukena Dieter , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Kirk Kenneth L. , Daly John W.
Published: July 2002

A xanthine amine congener (XAC), an amine‐functionalized derivative of 1,3‐dipropyl‐8‐phenylxanthine, is an antagonist ligand for A2 adenosine receptors of human platelets. XAC inhibited 5'‐N‐ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA)‐induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity with a K
B of 24 nM. [3H]XAC exhibits saturable, specific binding with a K
d of 12 nM and a B
max of 1.1 protein at 37°C. [3H]XAC binding in platelets is the first example of labeling of A2 adenosine receptors in which the potencies of adenosine agonists and antagonists in inhibiting binding are commensurate with their potencies at these receptors in functional studies. Furthermore, [3H]XAC is the first antagonist radioligand with high affinity at A2 adenosine receptors.
A new approach for EPR detection of hydroxyl radicals by reaction with sterically hindered cyclic amines and oxygen
Authors: Rosenthal I. , Krishna C.Murali , Yang G.C. , Kondo T. , Riesz P.
Published: July 2002

Sterically hindered cyclic amines react with hydroxyl radicals in the presence of oxygen to yield stable nitroxide radicals which can be detected by EPR. This reaction provides a nonconventional spin‐trapping tool for detection of hydroxyl radicals.
Repressor gene, blaI, for Bacillus licheniformis 749 β‐lactamase
Authors: Nicholls N.J. , Lampen J.O.
Published: July 2002

The repressor gene, blaI, for the β‐lactamase of Bacillus licheniformis 749 was functional when cloned in Escherichia coli, but addition of a β‐lactam did not lead to induction. One plasmid contained fragments from the inducible strain (source of repressor), the other carried fragments from the blaI
− mutant 749/C (target). blaI lies just 5′ to the promoter for the structural gene, blaP, and the target is the promoter region between the two genes. Interaction with both promoters seemed necessary for full repression. BlaI is a hydrophilic protein (M
r 15 036) with the some structural similarities to repressors from Gram‐negative bacteria.
Collagen type IX: Evidence for covalent linkages to type II collagen in cartilage
Authors: Eyre David R. , Apon Stephen , Wu Jiann-Jiu , Ericsson Lowell H. , Walsh Kenneth A.
Published: July 2002

A major site of pyridinoline cross‐linking in bovine type IX collagen was traced to a tryptic peptide derived from one of the molecule's HMW chains. This peptide gave two amino acid sequences (in ratio) consistent with it being a three‐chained structure. The major sequence matched exactly that of the C‐telopeptide of type II collagen from the same tissue. A second HMW chain that contained pyridinoline cross‐links also gave two amino‐terminal sequences, one from its own amino terminus, the other matching exactly the N‐telopeptide cross‐linking sequence of type II collagen. We conclude that type IX collagen molecules are covalently cross‐linked in cartilage to molecules of type II collagen, probably at fibril surfaces.
Mode of binding of [3H]dibenzocycloalkenimine (MK‐801) to the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor and its therapeutic implication
Authors: Kloog Yoel , Nadler Varda , Sokolovsky Mordechai
Published: July 2002

Binding of the labeled anticonvulsant drug [3H]dibenzocycloalkenimine (3H]MK‐801) to the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor and its dissociation from the receptor at 25°C are slow processes, both of which follow first order kinetics (t

⋍70 and 180 min, respectively). Both reactions are markedly accelerated by glutamate and glycine (t

⋍2‐8 and 4 min, respectively), which allow bimolecular association kinetics of the labeled drug with the receptors whereas equilibrium binding of [3H]MK‐801 (K
d 2–4 nM) is hardly affected by glutamate and glycine. The data suggest that MK‐801 acts as a steric blocker of the NMDA receptor channel. The competitive antagonist D‐(−)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphovaleric acid (AP‐5) freezes the receptor in a state which precludes either binding of [3H]MK‐801 to the receptor channel or its dissociation from it. These findings have therapeutic implications.
Bovine seminal plasmin is a DNA unwinding protein
Authors: Gopal Vijaya , Kumar K.Prasanna , Chatterji Dipankar
Published: July 2002

The duplex DNA unwinding ability of seminal plasmin from bovine semen was examined by treatment of plasmid‐protein complexes with calf thymus topoisomerase I and resolution of the topoisomer distributions by agarose gel electrophoresis. Binding of seminal plasmin results in a moderate degree of unwinding of supercoiled plasmid. The elongation of the RNA chain by E.coli RNA polymerase over promoter containing template is not inhibited by seminal plasmin. However, the reinitiation of transcription is blocked in such cases indicating that seminal plasmin inhibits transcription by binding to the initiation site of RNA polymerase.
Location of DNA‐binding segment of a positive regulator, OmpR, involved in activation of the ompF and ompC genes of Escherichia coli
Authors: Tate Shin-ichi , Kato Masashi , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Arata Yoji , Mizuno Takeshi
Published: July 2002

OmpR protein is a positive regulator involved in activation of the ompF and ompC genes which encode the major outer membrane proteins OmpF and OmpC, respectively. OmpR protein is considered to have a two‐domain structure. In the present study we isolated a C‐terminal fragment of the OmpR molecule, which bound to a specific promoter sequence of the ompF gene. We conclude that the C‐terminal portion of the OmpR protein contains a DNA‐binding site.
Homology between surface protein antigen genes of Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Takahashi Ichiro , Okahashi Nobuo , Sasakawa Chihiro , Yoshikawa Masanosuke , Hamada Shigeyuki , Koga Toshihiko
Published: July 2002

The structural gene (pag gene) for a 210 kDa protein antigen of Streptococcus sobrinus serotype g was cloned and compared with that (pac gene) of a 190 kDa protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans serotype c. Immunodiffusion analysis revealed that the product of the pag gene immunologically cross‐reacted with that of the pac gene. Southern blot and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that a significant homology existed between the middle regions of the two structural genes.
A model for the molecular organization of cytochrome β‐561 in chromaffin granule membranes
Authors: Esposti M.Degli , Kamensky Yu.A. , Arutjunjan A.M. , Konstantinov A.A.
Published: July 2002

The CD spectrum of reduced cytochrome (cyt.) β‐561 in chromaffin granule membranes resembles that of mitochondrial cyt. β1 and indicates possible heme‐heme interaction in the protein. Based on spectroscopic data and analysis of the amino acid sequence, a model of cyt. β‐561 is suggested, in which the protein carries two transmembrane‐localized hemes, each coordinated by two histidines. The model accounts for the presence of two different forms of cyt. β‐561 in chromaffin granule membranes and provides a mechanism of transmembrane electron transfer by this hemoprotein.
In vivo 31P NMR spectroscopic studies of soybean Bradyrhizobium symbiosis Compartmentation and distribution of P metabolites
Authors: Rolin Dominique B. , Pfeffer Philip E. , Boswell Richard T. , Schmidt Julian H. , Tu Shu I.
Published: July 2002

In vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to study the distribution of P metabolites and compartmentation in soybean nodules. By careful separation of the cortex, central matrix and bacteroids, we were able to obtain in vivo 31P spectra of the metabolites associated with each specialized section of the nodule tissue. These results indicated that in the earlier stages of growth (⩽ 4 weeks) the majority of Pi was actively metabolized in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, 31P spectra revealed that the cortical cells contained negligible amounts of phosphorus‐containing metabolites in their cytoplasm. However, the vacuoles of the cortical cells appeared to preferentially accumulate Pi during growth. In contrast, the Pi level of the vacuoles of uninfected cells in the central matrix, after 7 weeks, remained relatively constant.
Inactivation of α1 ‐antiproteinase by hydroxyl radicals The effect of uric acid
Authors: Aruoma Okezie I. , Halliwell Barry
Published: July 2002

The elastase‐inhibitory activity of α,‐antiproteinase is inactivated by hydroxyl radicals (.OH) generated by pulse radiolysis or by reaction of iron ions with H2O2 in the presence of superoxide or ascorbate. Uric acid did not protect α1‐antiproteinase against inactivation by .OH in pulse radiolysis experiments or in the superoxide/iron/H2O2 system, whereas it did in systems containing ascorbic acid. We propose that radicals formed by attack of .OH on uric acid are themselves able to inactivate α1
1‐antiproteinase, but that these uric acid radicals can be ‘repaired’ by ascorbic acid.
The developmental regulation of the L2/HNK‐1 and L3 carbohydrate epitopes in mouse brain Evidence for separate control of lipid‐ and protein‐bound epitopes
Authors: Breen Kieran C.
Published: July 2002

The carbohydrate epitopes L2/HNK‐1 and L3 have previously been identified on various neural cell adhesion molecules and have been suggested to play a role in the mediation of cell‐cell adhesion. In this study, the developmental expression of the two epitopes in soluble, membrane‐bound and chloroform/methanol‐extracted fractions of the constituent mouse brain regions was examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein‐bound epitopes were shown to be uniformly developmentally regulated, with levels peaking at postnatal day 20 (P20). The epitopes in a crude chloroform/methanol fraction, however, demonstrated a different pattern, with L2 peaking earlier at postnatal day zero (P0). These results suggest a possible interaction between the control of the two pools of the epitope.
Adrenal chromaffin granules and secretory granules from thyroid parafollicular cells have several common antigens
Authors: Weiler Rosa , Cidon Shulamit , Gershon Michael D. , Tamir Hadassah , Hogue-Angeletti Ruth , Winkler Hans
Published: July 2002

The presence of various antigens in two types of isolated endocrine vesicles (chromaffin granules and secretory vesicles of thyroid parafollicular cells) was investigated by immunoblotting. The twotypes of vesicles have three common secretory proteins: chromogranin A, chromogranin B and secretogranin II. Furthermore, six common membrane antigens were found: cytochrome b‐561, carboxypeptidase H, glycoprotein II, glycoprotein III, synaptin/synaptophysin and SV 2. These results demonstrate that vesicles obtained from neural crest‐derived endocrine cells not only share several common secretory peptides and proteins, but also have common properties as far as their membrane antigens are concerned.
Animal and plant mitochondria contain specific thioredoxins
Authors: Bodenstein-Lang Johanna , Buch Angela , Follmann Hartmut
Published: July 2002

Thioredoxins have been purified from pig heart and potato tuber mitochondria which differ in Chromatographie behaviour, enzyme activating capacity, and slightly higher molecular mass (Mr = 12500) from the major thioredoxin(s) present in mitochondria‐free fractions of the same tissue. Both mt‐thioredoxins can serve as hydrogen donor for E.coli ribonucleotide reductase but only the plant protein activates spinach chloroplast NADP malate dehydrogenase in vitro. Mitochondrial target enzymes specifically activated by thioredoxin have not as yet been identified.
Expression in Escherichia coli of catalytically active phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase from parsley
Authors: Schulz Wolfgang , Eiben Hans-Georg , Hahlbrock Klaus
Published: July 2002

In parsley (Petroselinum crispum), phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) is encoded by 4 structurally similar genes. The nucleotide sequence of a near full‐length cDNA and the deduced amino acid sequence of PAL‐4 are presented and compared with the corresponding sequences of PAL‐1, a previously described representative of the gene family. Transformation of Escherichia coli cells with PAL‐1 or PAL‐4 cDNA yielded catalytically active PAL, suggesting that the catalytic center of the enzyme is formed spontaneously rather than by a plant‐specific mechanism.
Purification and characterization of an extracellular lectin from Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Kundu Manikuntala , Basu Joyoti , Chakrabarti Parul
Published: July 2002

Lectin, extracelllular; Arabinogalactan; Mannan; (Mycobacterium smegmatis)
Formation and decay of cytochrome c peroxidase compound ES during aerobic redution with dithionite
Authors: Orii Yutaka , Anni Helen
Published: July 2002

Stopped‐flow and rapid scanning studies have clearly demonstrated that mixing of an oxygen‐saturated solution of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase with sodium dithionite yields compound ES, indicating generation of H2O2. The formation of compound ES was most pronounced when [Na2S2O4/[O2] ≈ 1, and it reverted to the ferric form while standing. Even in the presence of an excess of dithionite ([Na2S2O4]/[O2] = 3.4) compound ES was formed immediately, but was soon replaced by the ferric form, followed by its final reduction to the ferrous state. The apparent first order rate constant for the decay of compound ES to the ferric form increased linearly with the square root of the dithionite concentration, thus involvement of SO−
2 in that process being suggested.
Differential sensitivity of bicarbonate‐reversible formate effects on herbicide‐resistant mutants of Synechocystis 6714
Authors: Govindjee  , Vernotte Claudie , Peteri Brigitta , Astier Chantal , Etienne Anne-Lise
Published: July 2002

Herbicide‐resistant mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6714, that are altered in specific amino acids in their D‐l protein, show differential sensitivity to formate treatment. Measurements on oxygen yield in a sequence of flashes, chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence transients and Chl a fluorescence yield decay after a flash reveal that the resistance of cells to formate treatment is in the following (highest to lowest) order: [double mutant] A251V/F211S (Az V) > [single mutant] F211S (Az I) ⋍wild type > [single mutant] S264A (DCMU II‐A). Significance of these results in terms of overlapping between the herbicide and bicarbonate binding niches on the D‐I protein is discussed.
Involvement of veratryl alcohol and active oxygen species in degradation of a quinone compound by lignin peroxidase
Authors: Momohara Ikuo , Matsumoto Yuji , Ishizu Atsushi
Published: July 2002

Degradation of 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (HNQ) by lignin peroxidase is discussed. Degradation rat was remarkably increased by an increase in veratryl alcohol concentration. Degradation is partly prevented by adding OH. scavenger (mannitol or DMSO) to the reaction mixture. Addition of O2
‐. scavenger (Mn2+) to the reaction mixture completely prevents the degradation. These results suggest that active oxygen species formed in the lignin peroxidase‐H2O2‐veratryl alcohol system play an important role in HNQ degradation.
The anionic conjugates of bilirubin and bile acids stimulate ATP hydrolysis by S‐(dinitrophenyl)glutathione ATPase of human erythrocyte
Authors: Singhal Sharad S. , Sharma Rajendra , Gupta Sanjiv , Ahmad Hassan , Zimniak Piotr , Radominska Anna , Lester Roger , Awasthi Yogesh C.
Published: July 2002

These studies demonstrate that bilirubin‐ditaurate (an analog of bilirubin‐diglucuronide), lithocholic acid 3‐O‐sulfate, and lithocholic acid 3‐O‐glucuronide, which are believed to be transported from liver into bile through an active transport process stimulate ATP hydrolysis by purified dinitrophenylglutathione ATPase of human erythrocytes. The K
m and V
ma? values of the enzyme for these substrates are similar to those for dinitrophenylglutathione indicating the transport mechanisms for bilirubin conjugates, and anionic bile acid‐conjugates from hepatocytes to bile and transport of GSH‐conjugates from erythrocytes may be mediated by similar mechanisms.
The ‘positive‐inside rule’ applies to thylakoid membrane proteins
Authors: Gavel Ylva , Steppuhn Johannes , Herrmann Reinhold , von Heijne Gunnar
Published: July 2002

In integral membrane proteins, regions that span the lipid bilayer alternate with regions that are exposed on either side of the membrane. For proteins from the plasma membrane of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells it has been shown that the exposed parts follow a ‘positve‐inside rule’: on average, segments that are translocated across the membrane have a 2–4‐fold lower frequency of positively charged residues than non‐translocated segments. We now present an analysis of proteins from the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. It is shown that these proteins have the same charge asymmetry as has been reported for proteins from other membrane systems, with their more highly charged regions facing the stromal compartment.