bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auditoría de estados financieros preparados bajo NIIF
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Vasquéz Flores Alberto , Betancourt Gonzaga Víctor ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Chang Rizo Fresia ,   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena
Published: September 2023

La auditoría hacia los estados financieros contemporánea, ha dado un salto enorme con las emisiones de las Normas Internacionales de Auditoría (NIA), vigentes desde el año 2009, así como también las modificaciones de las NIA 700, 701, 705 del 2015; prescribir el proceso obligatorio para despejar las incertidumbres de que un ente no tiene el propósito de interrumpir sus operaciones y/o negocios –Empresas en marcha NIA 570- ante un posible fraude o estafa, fenómeno dado a nivel mundial. El artículo 319 de la Codificación de la Ley de Compañías en el Ecuador, expresa: “La función de la auditoría externa será la de emitir dictamen sobre los estados financieros de las compañías a que se refiere esta Ley”. La auditoría financiera practicada por profesionales independientes, deben ser de formación académica con vasta experiencia y competencia; los requisitos para el libre ejercicio en las empresas se encuentran reguladas.
La planeación y supervisión en el campo
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Betancourt Gonzaga Víctor , Herrera Freire Alexander ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala
Published: September 2023

La auditoría hacia los estados financieros contemporánea, ha dado un salto enorme con las emisiones de las Normas Internacionales de Auditoría (NIA), vigentes desde el año 2009, así como también las modificaciones de las NIA 700, 701, 705 del 2015; prescribir el proceso obligatorio para despejar las incertidumbres de que un ente no tiene el propósito de interrumpir sus operaciones y/o negocios –Empresas en marcha NIA 570- ante un posible fraude o estafa, fenómeno dado a nivel mundial. El artículo 319 de la Codificación de la Ley de Compañías en el Ecuador, expresa: “La función de la auditoría externa será la de emitir dictamen sobre los estados financieros de las compañías a que se refiere esta Ley”. La auditoría financiera practicada por profesionales independientes, deben ser de formación académica con vasta experiencia y competencia; los requisitos para el libre ejercicio en las empresas se encuentran reguladas
Control de calidad del examen de auditoría
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Betancourt Gonzaga Víctor , Barrueto Pérez María ,   Universidad de San Martín de Porres
Published: September 2023

La auditoría hacia los estados financieros contemporánea, ha dado un salto enorme con las emisiones de las Normas Internacionales de Auditoría (NIA), vigentes desde el año 2009, así como también las modificaciones de las NIA 700, 701, 705 del 2015; prescribir el proceso obligatorio para despejar las incertidumbres de que un ente no tiene el propósito de interrumpir sus operaciones y/o negocios –Empresas en marcha NIA 570- ante un posible fraude o estafa, fenómeno dado a nivel mundial. El artículo 319 de la Codificación de la Ley de Compañías en el Ecuador, expresa: “La función de la auditoría externa será la de emitir dictamen sobre los estados financieros de las compañías a que se refiere esta Ley”. La auditoría financiera practicada por profesionales independientes, deben ser de formación académica con vasta experiencia y competencia; los requisitos para el libre ejercicio en las empresas se encuentran reguladas
Themes and Tones of Blog Posts about Animal Agriculture and Protein Production
Authors: Miller Jefferson D. , Hackworth Kylie , Cox Casandra , Rucker Jill , Yarber Karli
Published: September 2023

Research on blogs’ role in public relations about animal agriculture production is limited at best. This case study set out to describe the characteristics of selected bloggers’ writing about protein-related topics and issues, with a special focus on how the protein industry was represented, what themes were most common, and what the tonal characteristics of the blog posts were. Researchers used a content analysis approach to describe the content of 37 blog posts from eight purposively selected blogs that contained posts about protein-related topics. The content analysis showed at least three types of blogs about protein—organizational, which included meat industry organizations as well as activist groups that seek to effect changes in the protein industry; professional, which included blog entries by experts (such as dieticians) representing their own opinions; and personal, which included lifestyle bloggers who were not experts but who provided information to readers on a variety of topics. In terms of themes, four prominent overarching themes were identified by coders, including environment, consumption of protein, alternative protein sources, and alternative dieting. Tones associated with the environmental theme were mostly negative toward the protein industry. Tones associated with the consumption of protein were mostly positive toward the industry. Tones in the blog entries about alternative protein sources and alternative dieting were mixed—both positive and negative toward the protein industry.
Determining Factors Affecting Adult Volunteerism in the Texas 4-H Program
Authors: Rayfield John , Doss Will , Doss Haylee
Published: September 2023

Volunteers have always been essential to the success of 4-H youth development programs. However, the number of available volunteers has declined. Although this decline is not new, it is imperative to recruit and retain adult volunteers for youth programming. Researchers sought to describe characteristics of current Texas volunteers and identify motivational functions according to the Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI). This descriptive study utilized enrolled volunteers in the Texas 4-H program, with responses from 1,225 individuals. Most volunteers were white, college educated, females, and had no prior affiliation with the program. Volunteers were mainly motivated by the values and understanding function. It was recommended information from volunteer demographics and identified motivations be used by extension volunteer administrators to more effectively recruit and retain volunteers for 4-H youth development programing.
Curricular Resource Use and Pedagogical Design Capacity of Florida Agricultural Education Teachers
Authors: Easterly R.G. (Tre) , Barry Debra M.
Published: September 2023

A nationwide standardized curricular resource does not exist for school-based agricultural education. Teachers rely on several resources to develop instruction for students. Pedagogical Design Capacity (PDC) examines teachers’ capacity to perceive and mobilize existing resources to develop instructional episodes. The purpose of the study was to determine the curricular resources used by Florida school-based agriculture education teachers and examine the PDC of Florida teachers for the resources they use. A census of Florida agriculture teachers was employed using an online instrument developed by the researchers adapted from previous studies. A response rate of 49.6% (n = 248) was obtained. The instrument was developed to determine the resources used by Florida teachers and examine their PDC with each resource. Respondents indicated using a mean of 8.6 resources with varying degrees of frequency. Various patterns of curricular use for the resources were found. Correlations between the use of specific resources was not found above a moderate level. Florida agriculture teachers rely on a variety of resources to develop instruction. These findings point to the potential for the continued development of various types of resources including resources that generate ideas for teachers, resources that provide lesson structure, as well as scripted lesson plans. We recommend future studies to examine the design features of specific curricular resources that can inform the development of future resources. We also encourage instruction to help inservice and preservice teachers understand and develop their PDC.
Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices of Inquiry-Based Teaching and Learning Using CASE Curriculum
Authors: Nelson Bryanna , Wang Hui-Hui , Tucker Mark
Published: September 2023

Curriculum for Agricultural Science Education (CASE) was first offered in 2007 with two foundational courses built on inquiry-based learning. Ten courses are now offered, each requiring intensive training and teacher development for effective use. Guided by National Science Education standards and a constructivist learning theory framework, the study used online survey research methods to explore teachers’ perceptions of and practices associated with inquiry-based teaching and learning when using CASE curriculum. A survey link was distributed in September 2018 to teachers certified in an introductory CASE course (Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources) and a higher-level, more inquiry-based CASE course (Food Science and Safety) for comparison. The online questionnaire was completed by 392 participants for a usable response rate of 32%. Major findings in the study included (1) participants in both groups have an understanding of open inquiry but struggled in identifying structured and guided inquiry; (2) participants over-estimated the amount of open inquiry in the curriculum; and (3) participants showed mixed interpretations of inquiry-based and problem-based instruction among both groups. Participant ratings of the CASE curriculum were generally favorable, although results showed that teachers frequently remove or skip lessons and teach courses in a semester or quarter format, contrary to CASE recommendations. Findings are discussed in the context of improved training and other recommendations to help teachers use the curriculum in its intended manner and to get the most benefit from its use.
Describing North Dakota Small Farmers and Their Connection with Extension
Authors: Berg Lindy , Marx Adam A. , Hoffman Travis W.
Published: September 2023

Small farms and small farmers are a growing sector of the agricultural economy nationwide. Notably, small farms are influenced by similar antagonists to the success of their business as large, concentrated operations, but they experience it differently. The purpose of this study was to describe small farms and farmers in North Dakota to assist North Dakota State University Extension in defining their needs for programming development. We found that nearly 45% of small farmer respondents are women. Small farmers prefer to access information for their operations in a variety of ways but like to engage with Extension through more direct and personal means. Recommendations include developing programming targeted at female farmers and organizing Extension information resources targeted at small farm needs, specifically.
Core Academic Offerings in Michigan Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Education Programs
Authors: Forbush Josephine , McKim Aaron J. , McKendree R. Bud
Published: September 2023

Offering core academic credits (e.g., math, science) for completing agriculture, food, and natural resources (AFNR) coursework at the secondary school level has the potential to increase the strength of the AFNR program as well as student interdisciplinary learning. Informed by the Career and Technical Education Student Typology, we explored the scope of core academic offerings in Michigan AFNR programs, including the frequency of core academic offerings, AFNR course types in which core academics are offered, and types of core academic credit obtained. Findings indicate 95.00% of Michigan teachers responding to the survey offered some form of core academic credit through their AFNR coursework. Additionally, findings suggest science is the most obtained core academic credit and the predominance of core academic credit is being offered in introductory course types within AFNR programs. These findings, among others, were synthesized into three conclusions which focus on the frequency of core academic offerings, strength of science as an integrated discipline, and identified opportunities to expand core academic offerings. The paper concludes with a roadmap for continued efforts to enhance core academic offerings and AFNR programs via a combination of research and practice.
Virtual mentoring in agricultural education: Describing digital literacy, technology self-efficacy, and attitudes toward technology of secondary agricultural educators
Authors: Morey Tiffany , Foster Daniel , Ewing John
Published: September 2023

Digital literacy, technology self-efficacy, and attitude toward technology play an impactful role in the life of teachers. Proficiency in digital literacy and technology self-efficacy, along with a positive attitude toward technology, can predict and shape an educator's capacity to implement best practices for teaching and learning with technology. This study examined the effects of participation in a virtual mentoring program on the digital literacy, technology self-efficacy, and attitude toward technology of secondary agriculture teachers. We found secondary agriculture teachers who had participated in a virtual mentoring program exhibited higher overall digital literacy levels and technology self-efficacy levels than those secondary agriculture teachers who had not participated in a virtual mentoring program. Pragmatic implications include a defined opportunity for agricultural education leaders to develop appropriate and beneficial tools and materials to assist in-service agriculture teachers in developing digital literacy skills, technology self-efficacy skills, and a positive attitude toward technology. Recommendations for future research include examining different means of establishing virtual mentoring relationships between secondary agriculture teachers and exploring virtual professional development opportunities designed to help educators develop digital literacy, technology self-efficacy, and a positive attitude toward technology.
Preservice teachers’ perceptions of important elements of the student teaching experience
Authors: Sweet Moore Peyton , Coleman Bradley , Young Heather , Bunch J.C. , Jagger Carla
Published: September 2023

The student teaching experience is often an important capstone experience of teacher preparatory programs. Student teaching is designed to provide college students who are preparing to be educators with experience in an actual classroom while supervised by a certified teacher. The purpose of this study was to determine preservice teachers’ perceptions of important elements of the student teaching experience both before and after the student teaching experience. The preservice teachers perceived the most important element of the student teaching experience was the cooperating teacher/student teacher relationship. Additionally, there was a negative change in the perceived level of importance for all students to have an SAE requirement, with accurate record books and diversity within the students’ SAEs from much importance to medium importance. When placing preservice teachers for the student teaching internship, teacher educators might consider placing a higher emphasis on the cooperating teacher/student teacher relationships. Secondly, when placing preservice teachers for the student teaching internship, teacher educators could choose internship sites that emphasize SAE programs and have diverse facilities. Finally, we recommend future research could be conducted to further explore the role of the cooperating teacher and the important aspects of the cooperating teacher/student teacher relationship.
Coping with transitions during the COVID-19 global pandemic: A case study of early career teachers’ experiences in secondary agricultural Education
Authors: Ramage Martin Raegan , Pigg Janiece , Roberts Richie , Stair Kristin S.
Published: September 2023

The year 2020 marked an era of change and demanded that educators across the globe adapt in new and innovative ways. In secondary agricultural education, teachers experienced significant transitions as a majority of K-12 schools shifted to remote, distance, and online instructional models. Therefore, teachers’ position requirements, obligations, and expectations began to shift dramatically, creating unique challenges for early career teachers. As such, the purpose of this study was to explore the transitions that early-career SBAE teachers in [State] experienced while teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through our analysis, four themes emerged: (1) situation, (2) self, (3) support, and (4) strategies. In the first theme, the early career teachers gave voice to how situational factors greatly influenced the professional transitions they underwent as a result of COVID-19. Self, the second theme, represented the different internal mechanisms, or sources of strength, participants used during the transition process. Meanwhile, support reflected the external support systems participants used during their time of transition into a virtual teaching format. The last theme, strategies, provided insight into the approaches that participants used to address and reduce the negative effects of the pandemic on their teaching. Going forward, we provide critical implications to stoke changes so that early career teachers can better cope with transitions during periods of stress in the post-COVID-19 era.
Attitudes and professional development needs of school-based agricultural education teachers related to inclusion, diversity, and equity
Authors: Wood Matthew , Sorensen Tyson , Burrows Michelle
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to describe school-based agricultural education (SBAE) teachers' attitudes regarding inclusion, diversity, and equity (IDE) and prioritize the need for IDE-related professional development. A series of survey questions were used to describe the sample of SBAE teachers and their attitudes toward IDE and inclusive teaching practices. Most participants agreed that their programs should create an inclusive environment where all students can benefit from their program, have equal opportunities, and demographically mirror their school's student population. However, the profession remains split on whether there are problems with IDE and whether changes are needed. This response is likely the result of today's polarized culture. The Borich Needs Assessment Model was used to determine the perceived level of importance and ability of SBAE teachers regarding 11 professional development statements related to IDE. All professional development needs were assessed and ranked using mean weighted discrepancy scores (MWDS). The top three IDE-related professional development need areas among SBAE teachers were (a) tapping into students' lived experiences (cultural capital) when teaching, (b) identifying curriculum resources to enhance inclusivity, and (c) advocating for minority students.
Evaluating the preparation of pre-service school-based agricultural education teachers in laboratory-based courses
Authors: Kevin Sanders  , Smalley Scott , Mark Hainline
Published: September 2023

This study sought to examine laboratory-based instruction for pre-service school-based agricultural education (SBAE) teachers at various institutions across the nation. While research has indicated that laboratory-based instruction in SBAE programs is commonplace (Shoulders & Meyers, 2012), a myriad of literature has noted SBAE teachers are not adequately prepared to teach, manage, and facilitate learning activities in SBAE laboratories upon completing their teacher education programs (Burris et al., 2005; Hainline & Wells, 2019; Shoulders, 2012).

To better understand the current state of SBAE pre-service teacher training in laboratory instruction, we surveyed 33 agricultural education certifying institutions across the country. Many of these institutions indicated they required pre-service teachers to take two laboratory-based instruction courses in the areas of agricultural mechanics (96.9%) and welding metal fabrication livestock (83.9%). However, only 46.7% of the responding institutions required students to take a greenhouse management course, and 29% required pre-service teachers to take a meat science course. The findings of this study also highlight if the laboratory-based courses had a pedagogical component, and the teacher educators were asked to provide their perceptions for a need for expansion of instruction in each context. Recommendations for practice and further investigation were provided.
The Concept of Regional Poetics of Cinema
Authors: Kokeš Radomír D.
Published: September 2023

The chapter has two aims. First, it wants to move towards writing an aesthetic history of Czech cinema from the perspective of the poetics of cinema. The first section of the chapter introduces the methodological background of such research. In a critical debate with existing approaches, the second section formulates more general hypotheses about the typical features of Czech silent and early sound films. The third section is then a more focused case study of the first film shot in Barrandov Studios. This analytical part also discusses both one particular genre tradition and the thoughtful embedding of the extraordinary technical options of Barrandov Studios into relatively longer-term stylistic continuities. Second, the chapter aims to sketch the possibilities of its concept of regional poetics, proposing and illustrating with an example of Czech cinema in the period preceding and immediately following the opening of Barrandov Studios in 1933. The notion of regional poetics refers to the analytical and historical research regarding what is typical for a particular area: as such, it inquires a corpus of feature-length film works, each of which was predominantly made in a specified territory, predominantly in the official language of that territory, and for standard commercial distribution within that territory.
Marcela Pittermannová : Barrandov Dramaturges as Clients, Brokers, and Patrons
Authors: Skopal Pavel , Šašek Michal
Published: September 2023

Marcela Pittermannová became a member of a creative group at Barrandov in 1961. After its previous head, Jan Procházka, was made persona non grata in 1970, the group was run by Ota Hofman until 1982, then by the writer Stanislav Rudolf from 1982 to 1984, and finally by Pittermannová until 1990. She was a dramaturge in the successful area of production for children for almost three decades. In effect, an analysis of her position, decisions, and negotiations in relation to both the indigenous bureaucracy and to foreign coproduction partners can help to understand dynamics of the structure-agency relationship at Barrandov since the 1960s to the end of state-socialist era. This chapter focuses on the role of clients, patrons, and brokers in the dramaturgical job to understand its dynamics and functions in the production system.
Barrandov Baroque: The Tenacious Artistry of Juraj Herz
Authors: Owen Jonathan
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses Slovak-born director Juraj Herz’s communist-era productions at Barrandov Studios. Surveying Herz’s career through the lens of his relationship with the Barrandov apparatus, the chapter reveals Herz as a prolific, versatile, and unusually consistent filmmaker who produced artistically striking work in often-unpropitious circumstances. Tracing Herz’s artistic apprenticeship at Barrandov and detailing the liberalized film industry of the 1960s that gave rise to Herz’s best-known film, Spalovač mrtvol (The Cremator, 1969), this chapter also examines how his work managed to retain its gothic, macabre sensibilities during the Normalization era – a time usually associated with conformity and mediocrity, personified in the figure of Barrandov’s central dramaturge, Ludvík Toman. Yet this chapter does not neglect the routine interferences, complications, and confrontations Herz also faced at the studio.
The Woman and the Dragon in Premodern Art
Authors: Khalifa-Gueta Sharon
Published: September 2023

The motif of the woman and the dragon has been prevalent in Western art since antiquity, yet has hitherto remained understudied, and artworks featuring this motif in Western Mediterranean cultures have been examined primarily in relation to the topos of the male dragon-slayer. This book analyzes artistic images of women and dragons over an extensive period, from Classical Greece and Rome (with forays to Egypt and Mesopotamia) to the early modern period in Western Europe. The unique methodology employed in the study of this motif reveals its sacred core, as well as its relationship to rituals of fertility and oracular knowledge, to the liminal realm between life and death, and to the symbolism of Great Mother goddesses. At the same time, the images explored throughout expose stereotypes and biases against women in unusual positions of power, which were embedded in the motif and persisted in Western European art.
The Cave and the Womb: The Myth of Cadmus and the Myth of Apollo and Python
Authors: Khalifa-Gueta Sharon
Published: September 2023

This chapter attends to the myth of Cadmos and to the myth of Apollo and Python. My analysis of the Cadmos myth sheds light on the intriguing visual iconography of the woman and the dragon, and on the recurrence of symbolic motifs such as the cow and the cave in myths associated with a Great Goddess. My discussion of the Apollo and Python (or Delphina) myth suggests that Python is a representation of a Great Mother Goddess, while also considering the ritualistic role of the Pythia and her mythical connection with the dragon. The scope of the discussion is broadened by an examination of Greco-Roman religious rituals and sanctuaries characterized by a unique and holy relationship between women and dragons.
Eve and Lilith — Christianizing the Great Goddess and the Dragon
Authors: Khalifa-Gueta Sharon
Published: September 2023

Eve is a key figure for understanding the perception of women in Western Europe throughout the medieval and early modern periods. Examining this figure from the perspective of the woman and dragon motif reveals her unique relationship with the serpent of Eden. Comparing her iconography to that of the Hesperides elucidates Christianity’s misogynistic stereotypes, and demonstrates the shift it instigated in attitudes toward woman. The anguiped serpent represented in the story of Eden is analyzed in the context of Eve’s iconography and of its association with Lilith. Outlining the development of the she-demon motif in magical amulets and its relation to the Eden iconography, this chapter addresses the connection between women and dragons in the context of femininity and childbirth rituals.
Neurociencia y desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas en docentes de idiomas en formación.
Authors: Martínez-Hernández Alina , Venet-Muñoz Regina
Published: September 2023

Este artículo presenta un enfoque innovador para el aprendizaje de idiomas mediante la incorporación de los conocimientos resultantes de las investigaciones en neurociencias. Tiene como objetivo demostrar que la implementación de estrategias didáctico-metodológicas basadas en la neurociencia para el desarrollo de los programas de aprendizaje de idiomas, mejoran las habilidades lingüísticas y autonomía cognoscitiva del estudiante. En tal sentido, se llevó a cabo un cuasi experimento con pruebas de entrada y salida, sin grupo de control, sustentado en los métodos: experimental, analítico-sintético, análisis documental y estadístico; así como, en las técnicas de observación participante, encuesta y diarios de autorreflexión. Entre los resultados se tiene que, la integración de los resultados de las investigaciones en neurociencias en la implementación de los programas de aprendizaje de idiomas trajo consigo mejoras de la autonomía cognoscitiva y las habilidades lingüísticas dando confianza al estudiante en el uso del lenguaje. Al aprovechar el potencial de la neurociencia, los educadores pueden revolucionar la educación lingüística y equipar a los futuros profesores con técnicas eficaces para mejorar la adquisición del lenguaje.
AN ADVANCED FLIGHT SCHEDULING APPLICATION BASED ON DIJKSTRA`S ALGORITHM
Authors:   Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Singh Aradhana Iris , Christinal A. Hepzibah
Published: September 2023

Dijkstra`s Algorithm is a popular example of a greedy solution to the problem of determining the shortest path. This algorithm calculates the most direct and shortest journey and is majorly used in routing, rail networks, maps, etc. Its application to both directed and undirected graphs has the same goal, which is to determine the path that travels the least distance from the starting node, also known as the origin node, to any other node along the tracks. In this article, we are going to implement an application of this algorithm, but this time with a minor tweak. a travel agency asks for software that can create flight schedules for their customers, and the agent has the access to a database that lists all of the airports and flights. In this scenario, the agent is able to create flight schedules for their customers. In addition to the flight number, the airport of departure and arrival, and the destination, each trip`s times of departure and arrival are listed. The agent is interested in finding out the earliest possible arrival time at the destination, given both the airport of departure and the time at which the trip will begin. It was observed during implementation that, if the method is correctly applied, the overall cost for building every flight priority queue is O(m). For the airport priority queue, the overall cost using a heap is O((n + m) log n))
DIFFERENT COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES AND VIRTUALIZATION
Authors:   Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Nagpur, M.P., India, Saluja Simran Kaur , Tiwari Tanya
Published: September 2023

In today’s time, the industrial world is basically facing many challenges which are happening rapidly. One of the major changes faced by them is with respect to technology. Industries that want to stay in the market must use the updated technology. Technologies like cloud computing, grid computing and cluster computing which allows access to large amounts of computing power in a virtual manner. They also help the organization to share a large amount of services in a cost-effective manner. This paper basically includes about cloud computing, grid computing and cluster computing like what they are all about, their benefits in today’s time and drawbacks of having it. Moreover, this paper also talks about the virtualisation importance in cloud, grid and cluster computing as well as comparison between cloud, grid and cluster computing.
PREDICAMENT OF WOMEN IN THE AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Rani Anna Government College for Women, Tirunelveli, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli , Tamil Nadu, Veilatchi K. , Selvi V.Darling
Published: September 2023

Agriculture workers are often those who are unable to get regular jobs in the remunerative formal sector on account of their low level of education and skills. This paper tries to bring out the predicament of women in agriculture pinpointing the benefits of women going to agriculture work, women exposure and economic exposure from the job. The researcher applied percentage analysis and Factor analysis to interpret the result. The sample group is rural based, low income group, well experienced but fairly satisfied with the work. The study reveals that the benefits of women going to agriculture work such as empowerment, independence and decision making. It is suggested that proper legal protection like social security and pension will brighten their lives to raise their livelihood
INTERVENÇÕES FISIOTERAPÊUTICAS PARA DISFAGIA EM PACIENTES INTERNADOS EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Carvalho Julyanna Pereira de , Figueirêdo Isaac Newton de Abreu , Silva Roberto Bezerra da
Published: September 2023

Esse artigo buscou discutir sobre as intervenções fisioterapêuticas para a disfagia em pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) adulto. Este trabalho consiste em uma revisão integrativa através das bases de dados pertinentes na área da saúde, a partir da questão: Quais as intervenções fisioterapêuticas para a disfagia em pacientes internados em UTI adulto? Para a escolha dos estudos, critérios de inclusão foram empregados e a revisão foi realizada usando a plataforma online Rayyan. A análise descritiva foi adotada e a amostra foi composta por 956 artigos de distintos delineamentos metodológicos, dos quais 08 foram selecionados após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade. As investigações reportam que as intervenções incluem exercícios de fortalecimento dos músculos da deglutição, manobras facilitadoras para otimizar a coordenação da deglutição, técnicas de estimulação elétrica funcional para aprimorar a força muscular e posicionamento adequado. Além disso, observou-se entre elas, ausência de uma abordagem universalmente superior. A escolha das intervenções depende das necessidades e condições individuais de cada paciente, incluindo a gravidade da disfagia, condição pulmonar, fatores clínicos subjacentes e traços específicos.
Quantitative rainfall analysis of the 2021 mid-July flood event in Belgium
Authors: Journée Michel , Goudenhoofdt Edouard , Vannitsem Stéphane , Delobbe Laurent
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The exceptional flood of July 2021 in central Europe impacted Belgium severely. As rainfall was the triggering factor of this event, this study aims to characterize rainfall amounts in Belgium from 13 to 16 July 2021 based on two types of observational data. First, observations recorded by high-quality rain gauges operated by weather and hydrological services in Belgium have been compiled and quality checked. Second, a radar-based rainfall product has been improved to provide a reliable estimation of quantitative precipitation at high spatial and temporal resolutions over Belgium. Several analyses of these data are performed here to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall during the event. These analyses indicate that the rainfall accumulations during the event reached unprecedented levels over large areas. Accumulations over durations from 1 to 3 d significantly exceeded the 200-year return level in several places, with up to 90 % of exceedance over the 200-year return level for 2 and 3 d values locally in the Vesdre Basin. Such a record-breaking event needs to be documented as much as possible, and available observational data must be shared with the scientific community for further studies in hydrology, in urban planning and, more generally, in all multi-disciplinary studies aiming to identify and understand factors leading to such disaster. The corresponding rainfall data are therefore provided freely in a supplement (Journée et al., 2023; Goudenhoofdt et al., 2023).
Fire risk modeling: an integrated and data-driven approach applied to Sicily
Authors: Marquez Torres Alba , Signorello Giovanni , Kumar Sudeshna , Adamo Greta , Villa Ferdinando , Balbi Stefano
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Wildfires are key not only to landscape transformation and vegetation succession, but also to socio-ecological values loss. Fire risk mapping can help to manage the most vulnerable and relevant ecosystems impacted by wildfires. However, few studies provide accessible daily dynamic results at different spatio-temporal scales. We develop a fire risk model for Sicily (Italy), an iconic case of the Mediterranean Basin, integrating a fire hazard model with an exposure and vulnerability analysis under present and future conditions. The integrated model is data-driven but can run dynamically at a daily time step, providing spatially and temporally explicit results through the k.LAB (Knowledge Laboratory) software. This software provides an environment for input data integration, combining methods and data such as geographic information systems, remote sensing and Bayesian network algorithms. All data and models are semantically annotated, open and downloadable in agreement with the FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable). The fire risk analysis reveals that 45 % of vulnerable areas of Sicily have a high probability of fire occurrence in 2050. The risk model outputs also
include qualitative risk indexes, which can make the results more understandable for non-technical stakeholders. We argue that this approach
is well suited to aiding in landscape and fire risk management, under both
current and climate change conditions.
Coastal and regional marine heatwaves and cold spells in the northeastern Atlantic
Authors: Simon Amélie , Poppeschi Coline , Plecha Sandra , Charria Guillaume , Russo Ana
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report describes an increase in the number and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and a decrease in marine cold spells (MCSs) in
the global ocean. However, these reported changes are not uniform on a regional to local basis, and it remains unknown if coastal areas follow the
open-ocean trends. Surface ocean temperature measurements collected by satellites (from 1982–2022) and 13 coastal buoys (from 1990–2022) are
analyzed in the northeastern Atlantic and three subregions: the English Channel, Bay of Brest and Bay of Biscay. The activity metric, combining the number
of events, intensity, duration and spatial extent, is used to evaluate the magnitude of these extreme events. The results from in situ and
satellite datasets for each of the studied regions are quite in agreement, although the satellite dataset underestimates the amplitude of activity
for both MHWs and MCSs. This supports the applicability of the method to both in situ and satellite data, albeit with caution on the amplitude of
these events. Also, this localized study in European coastal northeastern Atlantic water highlights that similar changes are being seen in coastal and
open oceans regarding extreme events of temperature, with MHWs being more frequent and longer and extending over larger areas, while the opposite is
seen for MCSs. These trends can be explained by changes in both the mean of and variance in sea-surface temperature. In addition, the pace of evolution
and dynamics of marine extreme events differ among the subregions. Among the three studied subregions, the English Channel is the region
experiencing the strongest increase in summer MHW activity over the last 4 decades. Summer MHWs were very active in the English Channel in 2022
due to long events, in the Bay of Biscay in 2018 due to intense events and in the Bay of Brest in 2017 due to a high occurrence of events. Winter
MCSs were the largest in 1987 and 1986 due to long and intense events in the English Channel. Finally, our findings suggest that at an interannual
timescale, the positive North Atlantic Oscillation favors the generation of strong summer MHWs in the northeastern Atlantic, while
low-pressure conditions over northern Europe and a high off the Iberian Peninsula in winter dominate for MCSs. A preliminary analysis of air–sea
heat fluxes suggests that, in this region, reduced cloud coverage is a key parameter for the generation of summer MHWs, while strong winds and
increased cloud coverage are important for the generation of winter MCSs.
Model-based performance assessment of repository-induced effects: contribution to the site-selection process in Switzerland
Authors: Li Chao , Zbinden Dominik , Hayek Mohamed , Hannon Michael J. , Papafotiou Alexandros , Marschall Paul
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The procedure for selecting repository sites in Switzerland is specified in the Sectoral Plan for a deep geological repository (DGR), which consists of three stages. In the last Stage 3, three candidate siting regions, Jura Ost, Nördlich
Lägern and Zürich Nordost in northern Switzerland, were examined in detail. For each site, the performance of the geological barrier was
evaluated based on the characteristics at the time of repository closure
considering a certain degree of uncertainty associated with the exploration
and characterization of the geology as well as the long-term evolution of
the site. Furthermore, performance assessment includes an evaluation of the
safety-relevant repository-induced effects on the disposal system, such as
thermal, gas, chemical and mechanical (THMC) effects introduced by the interaction of the waste with the near field. A criterion-based indicator
approach was adopted to ensure a traceable implementation of the site-selection process. The complexity of the involved THMC processes calls for model-supported
workflows to reach a quantitative assessment of the barrier performance and
an adequate evaluation of the associated conceptual and parametric
uncertainties. The first task of the workflow was dedicated to the
elaboration of preliminary site-descriptive models for the proposed repository configurations at the candidate sites. Three-dimensional and
two-dimensional representations of entire repositories and individual
repository components were established and incorporated into the site-descriptive models to provide preliminary site-specific assessment models
for the evaluation of coupled THMC effects. The models accounted for the
entire life cycle of the repositories from construction to the post-closure phase. Safety-relevant indicators were developed to quantify the performance
of different repository configurations and to establish potential discriminators for the site selection. The workflow integrated deterministic
and probabilistic assessments on the repository and component scales. As a final step, the data acquired with the latest site investigations (i.e., new data from seismic and deep borehole campaigns) were integrated into the
existing models for the elaboration of the site-specific analyses. The
indicators were evaluated by integrating a wide range of information, including regional stress conditions, tectonic structures, stratigraphy, lithology,
mineralogy, and the impact from effects induced by the repository for the
entire spectrum of repository configurations. The spatial maps of indicators
depicting the impact from repository-induced effects were synthesized in the site-selection process as aggregated georeferenced performance measures to
evaluate the performance at each site with regards to the regulatory
criteria.
Hydrogeochemical impact of Opalinus Clay system shown in migration lengths of uranium
Authors: Hennig Theresa , Kühn Michael
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Models and simulations allow a prognosis of how processes in the geosphere
might occur in the future by considering physical and chemical processes. They are the only way to test future scenarios and hypotheses and to evaluate how a repository site will develop over a period of a million years, e.g. by quantifying potential radionuclide migration in the hydrogeological system of the containment providing rock unit. An example is used to demonstrate the extent to which simulated migration
lengths can vary for a million years, depending on the model concept and on the underlying data and parameters. In the case of uranium in the
potential host rock Opalinus Clay (Switzerland), the range extends from 5 m, by applying experimentally determined transport parameters, over 50 m, using process-based approaches and taking hydrogeology into account, and up to 80 m, depending on the thermodynamic data set used. The degree of reliability of the models is derived from comparison with
laboratory tests, data from boreholes and underground laboratories or
natural analogues. This is the only way to assess the simulation results. In addition, indications can be provided regarding where new data need to be collected. So our task is to find an answer to the following question: how accurate do the models for the repository site search have to be in order to produce resilient and robust forecasts? To reduce the uncertainty related to the migration length of uranium in the Opalinus Clay, the calcite carbonate ion and the hydrogeological system at a potential disposal site need to be known, whereas the quantity of clay minerals plays a subordinate role, as long as it is enough, which is the case in argillaceous formations.
Influence of microbial uranium reduction processes on the final disposal of radioactive waste
Authors: Hilpmann Stephan , Jeschke Isabelle , Steudtner Robin , Hübner René , Schymura Stefan , Stumpf Thorsten , Cherkouk Andrea
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste
represents a major scientific and societal challenge. In addition to
geological, geochemical and geophysical properties of such a repository, the
influence of naturally occurring microorganisms from deep geological layers
has to be taken into account for a comprehensive safeguard concept. Various
sulfate- and iron-reducing bacteria are present in different clay
formations, which can serve as a potential host rock for the long-term
disposal of the waste, as well as in the backfill material bentonite. In the
event of a worst-case scenario, if water enters the repository, those
microorganisms can interact with the waste and change, for example, the
oxidation state or the chemical speciation, which can influence the mobility
of the radionuclides. In this study, the reduction of highly mobile, water-soluble U(VI) to less
mobile U(IV) by the iron-reducing microorganism Desulfitobacterium sp. G1-2 and the
sulfate reducer Desulfosporosinus hippei DSM 8344T were investigated. Desulfitobacterium sp. G1-2 has been
isolated from a bentonite sample, and Desulfosporosinus hippei DSM 8344T represents a genus of
sulfate-reducing bacteria present in clay rock and bentonite. During time-dependent experiments in a bicarbonate buffer (30 mM, 100/550 µM U(VI)), Desulfitobacterium sp. G1-2 showed a removal of up to 80 % of U within 5 d, whereas samples of Desulfosporosinus hippei DSM 8344T showed no decrease in U
concentrations over time. Therefore, experiments were carried out in
artificial Opalinus Clay pore water with this bacterium (100 µM
U(VI), pH 5.5). In this case, the U concentration showed a decrease of up to
80 % of the radionuclide from the supernatants within 48 h. UV–Vis studies
of dissolved cell pellets of both bacteria after U incubation showed an
almost complete reduction to U(IV) for Desulfitobacterium sp. G1-2. On the other hand, samples
of Desulfosporosinus hippei DSM 8344T exhibited only a partial reduction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging combined
with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed the release of membrane vesicles from cells of
Desulfosporosinus hippei DSM 8344T as a possible defense reaction against cell incrustation.
Furthermore, TEM images of Desulfitobacterium sp. G1-2 cells showed the presence of two
different U-containing aggregates inside the cells. These investigations showed clear differences in the reduction behavior of
sulfate- and iron-reducing bacteria relevant to nuclear waste disposal. This
highlights the importance of studies on the U(VI) interactions of different
microorganisms present in deep geological layers. Moreover, new aspects for
a safety concept for a nuclear repository in clay formations and for final
disposal sites using bentonite as backfill material could be revealed.