bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteophilic and Dual‐Regulated Alendronate‐Gene Lipoplexes for Reversing Bone Loss
Authors: Li Junjie , Zhang Ruizhi , Du Yawei , Liu Gongwen , Dong Yu , Zheng Miao , Cui Wenguo , Jia Peng , Xu Youjia
Published: July 2023

The pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is mainly determined by the adhesion of osteoclasts to the bone matrix and the involvement of various molecules in bone resorption. The dual regulation strategy of the physical barriers of bone matrix and intracellular gene regulation generated by advanced biomaterials is a decent alternative for the treatment of PMOP. Herein, for the first time, it is identified that hsa‐miR‐378i/mmu‐miR‐378a‐3p are closely associated with PMOP. Then, an osteophilic and dual‐regulated alendronate‐gene lipoplex (antagomir@Aln‐Lipo), composed of medicative alendronate‐functionalized liposomal vehicle and encapsulated specific microRNAs is engineered, for bone‐targeting delivery of genes to achieve combined mitigation of bone loss. Alendronate targets hydroxyapatite in the bone matrix and occupies the adhesion site of osteoclasts, thus providing the “physical barriers”. Antagomir is coupled precisely to specific endogenous microRNAs, thus providing the “genetic signals”. These functionalized lipoplexes exhibited long‐term stability and good transfection efficiency. It is proven that antagomir@Aln‐Lipo could synergistically regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, intravenous injection of antagomir@Aln‐Lipo efficiently reverses bone loss through a dual mechanism driven by alendronate and antagomir‐378a‐3p. In conclusion, the osteophilic and dual‐regulated antagomir@Aln‐Lipo offers a brand‐new bifunctional strategy for the precise treatment of PMOP.
Hexagonal Boron Nitride/Reduced Graphene Oxide Heterostructures as Promising Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Driven by Boron Radicals
Authors: Zhan Wei , Wang Hongyan , Gao Jinling , Tang Xuemei , Zhu Xingrui , Xiao Yuhan , Sun Xiaoyan , Gao Wei , Yin Hong
Published: July 2023

Developing highly efficient earth‐abundant alternatives to traditional noble metal catalysts is essential for clean and sustainable energy‐conversion and energy‐storage technologies, yet still challenging in limited active sites and weak resistance to electrochemical corrosion. Herein, density‐functional theory calculations demonstrate that hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), albeit often being considered inert, can generate boron‐active radicals at defective sites by forming heterogeneous structures with graphene‐containing point vacancies, leading to a substantial electron delocalization and charge transfer, indicating a superior catalytic activity. Experimentally, the van der Waals heterostructure is rationally designed with h‐BN nanosheets (BNNs) anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as strongly coupled composite catalysts. Despite the poor conductivity in BN and lower catalytic activity in rGO, the created heterostructures demonstrate unexpected, improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with excellent stability in alkaline electrolyte. Qualitative analysis of the valence band offset and theoretical calculation reveal that the formation of heterostructures can significantly drive the electron transfer between C and B atoms near the vacancies across the interface and cause a half‐metallic property of BN, decreasing the free energy barrier of four‐electron OER kinetics. Herein, the synthetic schemes of h‐BNNs are guided as highly active metal‐free OER electrocatalysts.
Nanoarchitectonics of La‐Doped Ni3S2/MoS2 Hetetostructural Electrocatalysts for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Li Wenxian , Sun Zulin , Ge Riyue , Li Jiancheng , Li Yiran , Cairney Julie M. , Zheng Rongkun , Li Ying , Li Sean , Li Qian , Liu Bin
Published: July 2023

MoS2 with 2D structure shows efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance because undercoordinated Mo–S edges have ideal hydrogen adsorption free energy. MoS2 usually does not satisfy the bifunctional catalysts because of the poor intrinsic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activity. Herein, it is proposed to construct heterostructure with OER active components to induce efficient bifunctional catalytic activity along with heteroatom doping to modify the electronic structure to optimize the adsorption and desorption capabilities of reaction intermediates. La‐doped Ni3S2/MoS2 grown on nickel foam (La‐NMS@NF) is synthesized as bifunctional catalyst taking advantage of the excellent OER performance of Ni3S2. La‐NMS@NF evolves into nanoflower‐like structures with the addition of La dopant, which provides abundant pore channels to facilitate mass transfer and exposure of active sites. Density functional calculations reveal that the La‐doped Ni3S2/MoS2 heterointerface can optimize the water adsorption and H* adsorption/desorption, improving the HER performance. The La‐NMS@NF exhibits an overpotential of 154 and 300 mV for HER and OER at 100 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH. Herein, a heteroatom‐driven heterostructure activation strategy for electron rearrangement and structural evolution in electrocatalysts to decrease energy consumption in overall water splitting is demonstrated.
Prodigiosin pigment from Serratia marcescens MBM‐17 from facial acne as antimicrobial agent
Authors: Pallath Nisha , Johnson Sona , Paul Elizabeth , TA Raslana
Published: July 2023

A pigment is a naturally occurring colored substance that is created by plants, animals, and microbes. Pigments are utilized in a variety of industries, including food coloring, pharmaceuticals, fabric dying, cosmetics, ink plastics, coloring paints, and so on. The Natural pigments /Bio pigments are very expensive because mass production is difficult. There are more pigments in nature, but only a small number are available in large enough amounts to be useful for industry. This study is attempted to isolate a bacterial red pigmented organism from facial acne was identified as Serratia marcescens MBM‐17 according to Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology and molecular characterization and production of red pigment was optimized at various growth factors, maximum pigment production was at pH 4, 72 h and 37 ± 2°C, that is, 15.56 g/ L. The partial purified pigment was characterized by UV–Vis, and maximum absorbance was at 533.5 nm. SEM analysis shows that the surface morphology and FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of prodigiosin. Prodigiosin has antibacterial efficacy against gram positive bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, and gram negative bacterial strains. Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp, Salmonella sp, antifungal potency against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp, Rhizopus sp, and Mucor sp, and checked the fabric dying effects of pigments. Prodigiosin used as fabric dye is applied on clothes, which shows good color tone. This study is highlighting the production of a natural pigment/drug, Prodigiosin with antimicrobial activity may be used for the manufacture of dyed dress materials and masks having antimicrobial action for public especially health workers in this pandemic situation.
At a fine scale, hardwood patches support wildlife diversity in longleaf pine woodlands
Authors: Sovie Adia R. , Conner L. Mike , McCleery Robert A.
Published: July 2023

Restoring and maintaining biodiversity in a changing world is increasingly challenging due to the competing needs of species for suitable space and resources. One ecosystem that has seen considerable anthropogenic changes in extent and structure is the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem. Understanding how wildlife responds to restoration is important to informing forest restoration and conservation. We monitored game birds and mid‐large‐sized mammal occupancy in and around hardwood patches embedded within a longleaf pine woodland at The Jones Center at Ichauway in Newton, GA. We found that 11 species use the transition zone between the longleaf pine and hardwood hammocks. Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), and nine‐banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) occupancy increased along the gradient while fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) declined. Our results suggest that oak patches and transitional zones are important to maintaining biodiversity within the longleaf pine ecosystem.
Über das Protokoll hinaus. Zum Verhältnis von Kontingenz und algorithmischer Kontrolle im militärisch-polizeilichen Phantasma der Automation
Authors: Franz Nina
Published: July 2023

Kontingent ist, was weder notwendig noch unmöglich ist. Dass Akteure immer auch anders kommunizieren und handeln können, gehört zur Grundkondition moderner Gesellschaften – und lässt den Wunsch aufkommen, diese Dimension zu kontrollieren. Ausgehend von der zentralen Rolle, die dem Problem der Kontingenz im Zusammenhang moderner Kriegsführung zukommt, geht es in diesem Beitrag um eine spezielle automatisierte Form dessen, was als »protocological control« beschrieben wurde und im Zusammenhang heutiger Überwachungsregime um den Begriff des „Pan-Protokollarischen“ ergänzt werden kann. Im Zentrum steht dabei das dialektische Verhältnis von Determiniertheit und Offenheit, das in einem neuen technologisch bedingten Verhältnis von Kontrolle und Kontingenz wieder zu Tage tritt.
Fiktion, Archiv, Funktion. Über Die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion
Authors: Penke Niels
Published: July 2023

Dieser Beitrag unternimmt es, den Protokoll-Begriff für die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion auf drei Ebenen zu verfolgen. Zunächst geht es darum, wie Protokolle in ihren historischen Rückbezügen funktionieren: Sie stellen als Ergebnisprotokoll fest, was der Antisemitismus über sein Feindbild, dessen Wesen, Geschichte und Interessen ‚weiß‘. Durch diesen archivalischen Charakter, der es ermöglicht, bei Bedarf hervorgeholt zu werden, um Anklage, Beweisführung und Maßnahmen gleichermaßen zu begründen, wirken die Protokolle zweitens auch funktional als Protokoll: Sie werden als Protokolle rezipiert und verarbeitet. Die dritte Ebene der Untersuchung zielt auf eine (psychologisierende) Erklärung dieser Wirksamkeit, da sich für den Antisemitismus in der Form des Protokolls die Rationalität des bürokratischen und kapitalistischen ‚jüdischen‘ Geistes selbst beweist, den das Ressentiment als typisch annimmt.
›Prot. auf.‹ Kafkas Mitschriften der Bürokratie
Authors: Wolf Burkhardt
Published: July 2023

Als Form und Medium steht das Protokoll am Anfang und am Ende von Franz Kafkas Schreiben. Die maßgeblichen Verfahren und Themen seiner Romane wurden nämlich weniger in seiner angeblich ersten gelungenen Erzählung (dem »Urteil« von 1912) erprobt als vielmehr in seiner (bereits 1911 entstandenen) Mitschrift zum Ereignis und zur Abwicklung eines Verkehrsunfalls. Dieser proto-literarische und proto-protokollarische Text ist eine Art sprachexperimentelles Verlaufsprotokoll, das den Prozess und das Procedere des behördlichen Protokollierens ebenso erfasst wie jene protokollarische Ordnung, die die soziale Beobachtung, Beurteilung und Bewältigung eines öffentlichen Vorfalls, eines Versicherungsfalls oder Verwaltungsvorgangs vorschreibt. Kafkas späte Erzähltexte werden diesen ‚bürokratischen‘ Horizont dann überschreiten: Sie beschränken sich nicht auf die Szenarien des ‚Institutionenromans‘ (Rüdiger Campe), sondern eröffnen auch erste Perspektiven auf die postbürokratische oder ‚panprotokollarische‘ Kontrollgesellschaft von heute. Denn was hier die Verflechtung von Amts- und Lebenswelt zu unüberschaubaren Netzwerken besorgt, sind nicht mehr nur aktenförmige Mitschriften – es sind vielmehr mediale Protokolle im Sinne soziotechnischer protocols.
Administrativ-politische und editorisch-technische Protokolle. Der cisleithanische Ministerrat 1848–1918
Authors: Kurz Stephan
Published: July 2023

Der Beitrag stellt vor, wie die Verwaltung der Habsburgermonarchie und später Cisleithaniens die Protokolle ihrer Ministerratssitzungen führte, wie diese Protokolle überliefert wurden und was die aktuellen Herausforderungen dabei sind, die seit den 1970er Jahren bearbeitete wissenschaftliche Edition der im österreichischen Staatsarchiv bewahrten Dokumente in eine online und gedruckt erscheinende hybride Edition nach den Regeln der Kunst zu überführen. Dabei werden insbesondere die Anforderungen digitaler Edition von Protokollen und zugehörigen Metadaten nach den Vorschlägen der Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) thematisiert, vor allem dort, wo die Edition aufgrund des Justizpalastbrandes von 1927 mit einem überaus löchrigen Bestand und notwendigen Ergänzungen aus anderen Archivbeständen umzugehen hat. Für die Protokollforschung bietet der Beitrag Einblicke in ein 60 Jahre umfassendes und frei verfügbares Korpus an vormals geheimen Regierungsprotokollen und deren Praxis bei der Erfassung, Ordnung und Überlieferung gouvernementalen Wissens, darüber hinaus aber auch in die Daten- und Workflowmodellierung bei dessen Transmission mithilfe aktueller Erschließungs- und Publikationstechnologien.
Interpretation of SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 variants in cystinuria patients: The significance of the PM3 criterion and protein stability
Authors: Lee Beomki , Lee Soo-Youn , Han Deok Hyun , Park Hyung-Doo
Published: July 2023

Cystinuria is a genetic disorder caused by defects in the b0,+ transporter system, which is composed of rBAT and b0,+AT coded by SLC3A1 and SLC7A9, respectively. Variants in SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 follow autosomal recessive inheritance and autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance, respectively, which complicates the interpretation of cystinuria-related variants. Here, we report seven different SLC3A1 variants and six different SLC7A9 variants. Among these variants were two novel variants previously not reported: SLC3A1 c.223C > T and SLC7A9 c.404A > G. In silico analysis using REVEL correlated well with the functional loss upon SLC7A9 variants with scores of 0.8560–0.9200 and 0.4970–0.5239 for severe and mild decrease in transport activity, respectively. In addition, DynaMut2 was able to predict a decreased protein expression level resulting from the SLC7A9 variant c.313G > A with a ΔΔGStability −2.93 kcal/mol. Our study adds to the literature as additional cases of a variant allow applying the PM3
criterion with higher strength level. In addition, we suggest the clinical utility of REVEL and DynaMut2 in interpreting SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 variants. While a decreased protein expression level is not embraced in the current variant interpretation guidelines, we believe in silico protein stability predicting tools could serve as evidence of protein function loss.
Combined effects of green tea supplementation and eccentric exercise on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activity
Authors: Thorley Josh , Thomas Craig , Thon Nicolas , Nuttall Hannah , Martin Neil R. W. , Bishop Nicolette , Bailey Stephen J. , Clifford Tom
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study investigated whether combining eccentric exercise and green tea supplementation synergistically increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activity, a transcription factor responsible for coordinating endogenous antioxidant expression.

Methods

In a double-blinded, randomized, between-subjects design, 24 males (mean [SD]; 23 [3] years, 179.6 [6.1] cm, 78.8 [10.6] kg) performed 100 drop jumps following a 6 days supplementation period with either green tea (poly)phenols (n = 12; 500 mg·d−1) or a placebo (n = 12; inulin). NRF2/antioxidant response element (ARE) binding in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) excretion, and differential leukocyte counts were measured pre-, post-, 1 h and 24 h post-exercise.

Results

Exercise did not increase NRF2/ARE binding (p = 0.12) (fold change vs rest: green tea = [post] 0.78 ± 0.45, [1 h] 1.17 ± 0.54, [24 h] 1.06 ± 0.56; placebo = [post] 1.40 ± 1.50, [1 h] 2.98 ± 3.70, [24 h] 1.04 ± 0.45). Furthermore, CAT activity (p = 0.12) and 8-OHdG excretion (p = 0.42) were unchanged in response to exercise and were not augmented by green tea supplementation (p > 0.05 for all). Exercise increased GR activity by 30% (p = 0.01), however no differences were found between supplement groups (p = 0.51). Leukocyte and neutrophil concentrations were only elevated post-exercise (p < 0.001 for all).

Conclusion

Eccentric exercise, either performed alone or in conjunction with green tea supplementation, did not significantly increase NRF2 activity in PBMCs.

Trial registration number

osf.io/kz37g (registered: 15/09/21).

Graphical abstract
Comparison of data-driven methods for linking extreme precipitation events to local and large-scale meteorological variables
Authors: Antoniadou Nafsika , Sørup Hjalte Jomo Danielsen , Pedersen Jonas Wied , Gregersen Ida Bülow , Schmith Torben , Arnbjerg-Nielsen Karsten
Published: July 2023

Extreme precipitation events can lead to severe negative consequences for society, the economy, and the environment. It is therefore crucial to understand when such events occur. In the literature, there are a vast number of methods for analyzing their connection to meteorological drivers. However, there has been recent interest in using machine learning methods instead of classic statistical models. While a few studies in climate research have compared the performance of these two approaches, their conclusions are inconsistent. To determine whether an extreme event occurred locally, we trained models using logistic regression and three commonly used supervised machine learning algorithms tailored for discrete outcomes: random forests, neural networks, and support vector machines. We used five explanatory variables (geopotential height at 500 hPa, convective available potential energy, total column water, sea surface temperature, and air surface temperature) from ERA5, and local data from the Danish Meteorological Institute. During the variable selection process, we found that convective available potential energy has the strongest relationship with extreme events. Our results showed that logistic regression performs similarly to more complex machine learning algorithms regarding discrimination as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) and other performance metrics specialized for unbalanced datasets. Specifically, the ROC AUC for logistic regression was 0.86, while the best-performing machine learning algorithm achieved a ROC AUC of 0.87. This study emphasizes the value of comparing machine learning and classical regression modeling, especially when employing a limited set of well-established explanatory variables.
Life histories of poeciliid fishes: searching for a size-dependent trade-off between number and size of offspring
Authors: Zúñiga-Vega J. Jaime , Olivera-Tlahuel Claudia , Saleh-Subaie Nabila , Suárez-Rodríguez Monserrat
Published: July 2023

A large body of knowledge about life-history traits has arisen from research on viviparous fishes of the family Poeciliidae. Still, the wide variation among species in reproductive strategies provides an excellent opportunity to further explore how life-history traits covary and the causes of covariation patterns. In this study, we provide information on brood size, offspring mass at birth, and total reproductive allotment of six poeciliid species (Gambusia sexradiata, Poeciliopsis latidens, Poeciliopsis viriosa, Priapella intermedia, Pseudoxiphophorus jonesii, and Xiphophorus hellerii). Also, we searched for a trade-off between the number of offspring that females produce and the size of each individual offspring. We tested the hypothesis that this trade-off should be stronger in small females because of the space constraints in the reproductive tract that are inherent to a small body size. If this hypothesis were correct, we expected a strong negative relationship between number and size of offspring in small females and a weaker or undetectable relationship between these two life-history traits in larger females. We found evidence of such a size-dependent trade-off in only one species. Small females of Po. latidens that produced relatively large broods experienced the cost of a reduction in the average size of each offspring. In larger females this negative relationship was weaker. Unexpectedly, we found no evidence of this trade-off in the other five poeciliid species and, in contrast, in one species (Priapella intermedia) females that produced numerous embryos were also capable of producing relatively large embryos. We discuss potential explanations for the different patterns of covariation (or lack of covariation) between number and size of offspring that we detected in these viviparous species.
Latent feature reconstruction for unsupervised anomaly detection
Authors: Lin Jinghuang , He Yifan , Xu Weixia , Guan Jihong , Zhang Ji , Zhou Shuigeng
Published: July 2023

Anomalies (or outliers) indicate a minority of data items that are quite different from the majority (inliers) of a dataset in a certain aspect. Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) is an important but not yet extensively studied research topic. Recent deep learning based methods exploit the reconstruction gap between inliers and outliers to discriminate them. However, it is observed that the reconstruction gap often decreases rapidly as the training process goes. And there is no reasonable way to set the training stop point. To support effective UAD, we propose a new UAD framework by introducing a Latent Feature Reconstruction (LFR) layer that can be applied to recent UAD methods. The LFR layer acts as a regularizer to constrain the latent features in a low-rank subspace from which inliers can be reconstructed well while outliers cannot. We develop two new UAD methods by implementing the proposed framework with autoencoder architecture and geometric transformation scheme. Experiments on five benchmarks show that our proposed methods can achieve state-of-the-art performance in most cases.
A Research-Informed Approach to Providing Behavioral Healthcare to Women with Extensive Trauma Histories
Authors: Greene Alison , Korchmaros Josephine D.
Published: July 2023

Translating research to behavioral healthcare practice is vital for improving treatment impact but can be challenging. Current and lifetime histories of trauma need to be considered in behavioral healthcare provision as they can significantly affect an individual’s treatment experience. This article provides guidance on how to utilize research findings regarding trauma prevalence and experiences of women who have substance use disorder and who are homeless or near homeless to help guide responsive healthcare and treatment in practice.
Teacher Expectations and Self-Determination Theory: Considering Convergence and Divergence of Theories
Authors: Hornstra Lisette , Stroet Kim , Rubie-Davies Christine , Flint Annaline
Published: July 2023

Various theories from the field of educational psychology, including high expectation theory (HET) and self-determination theory (SDT), focus on the classroom conditions which facilitate students’ motivation, learning, and well-being. In the current paper, we aimed to breech the theoretical division between HET and SDT through a synthesis of both theories. We identified multiple areas of convergence and complementarity. The teaching practices that are theorized to support students’ motivation, learning, and well-being put forward by both HET and SDT show a high degree of conceptual overlap. Moreover, findings from both research fields suggest a gap between theory and practice: although the teaching principles put forward by both theories are believed to be effective for all students, not all teachers optimally apply these principles in their teaching or apply them equally for all classes or all students. Both theories acknowledge that teacher beliefs and contextual factors may account for this gap between theory and practice. In the paper, we put forward an integrative model to show how the two theories converge and complement each other. The integration of the two theories offers a way forward in terms of understanding and applying these two theoretical stances to the classroom.
A longitudinal study of relations among apprentices’ nonwork orientation, decent work, and job satisfaction
Authors: Zambelli Camilla , Rossier Jérôme , Marcionetti Jenny
Published: July 2023

The type of nonwork orientation and decent work perception are supposed to be important factors that influence well-being at work. In this study, 196 Swiss apprentices enrolled in a vocational education training were assessed twice during the first 24 months of their apprenticeship. The results showed that there are specific links between nonwork orientations, decent work, and job satisfaction over time. Concerning relations among decent work dimensions, the results highlighted the importance of safe working conditions to predict complementary values perception and the importance of this in predicting adequate compensation perception. Implications for practice are discussed.
Using the LeiCNS-PK3.0 Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict Brain Extracellular Fluid Pharmacokinetics in Mice
Authors: Saleh Mohammed A. A. , Gülave Berfin , Campagne Olivia , Stewart Clinton F. , Elassaiss-Schaap Jeroen , de Lange Elizabeth C. M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The unbound brain extracelullar fluid (brainECF) to plasma steady state partition coefficient, Kp,uu,BBB, values provide steady-state information on the extent of blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport equilibration, but not on pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles seen by the brain targets. Mouse models are frequently used to study brain PK, but this information cannot directly be used to inform on human brain PK, given the different CNS physiology of mouse and human. Physiologically based PK (PBPK) models are useful to translate PK information across species.

Aim

Use the LeiCNS-PK3.0 PBPK model, to predict brain extracellular fluid PK in mice.

Methods

Information on mouse brain physiology was collected from literature. All available connected data on unbound plasma, brainECF PK of 10 drugs (cyclophosphamide, quinidine, erlotonib, phenobarbital, colchicine, ribociclib, topotecan, cefradroxil, prexasertib, and methotrexate) from different mouse strains were used. Dosing regimen dependent plasma PK was modelled, and Kpuu,BBB values were estimated, and provided as input into the LeiCNS-PK3.0 model to result in prediction of PK profiles in brainECF.

Results

Overall, the model gave an adequate prediction of the brainECF PK profile for 7 out of the 10 drugs. For 7 drugs, the predicted versus observed brainECF data was within two-fold error limit and the other 2 drugs were within five-fold error limit.

Conclusion

The current version of the mouse LeiCNS-PK3.0 model seems to reasonably predict available information on brainECF from healthy mice for most drugs. This brings the translation between mouse and human brain PK one step further.
What conditions favor high-potential entrepreneurship? Unpacking the nexus between the industrial structure and startup typologies
Authors: Mazzoni Leonardo , Innocenti Niccolò
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we question the implicit assumption that more entrepreneurship drives more innovation and growth, asserting that specific typologies of entrepreneurship are responsible for these phenomena. A growing number of studies has analyzed this relationship while focusing on the overall level of entrepreneurship. This paper exploits recent advancements in measuring the sophistication and connectedness of economic systems, brought by the notions of economic complexity and relatedness, to study the nexus of industrial structure and high-potential forms of entrepreneurship. The present study uses a panel dataset for Italy for the period 2015–2019. The results show a differentiated pattern among the high-potential startups considered, with relatedness and complexity having a positive effect for innovative startups, a negative one for high-growth startups, and no effect for pioneers. These results inform potential entrepreneurs of the importance of analyzing how external conditions can have distinctive effects on the process of opportunity identification among different typologies of high-potential startups.
How Magnetic Erosion Affects the Drag-Based Kinematics of Fast Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Stamkos Sotiris , Patsourakos Spiros , Vourlidas Angelos , Daglis Ioannis A.
Published: July 2023

In order to advance our understanding of the dynamic interactions between coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the magnetized solar wind, we investigate the impact of magnetic erosion on the well-known aerodynamic drag force acting on CMEs traveling faster than the ambient solar wind. In particular, we start by generating empirical relationships for the basic physical parameters of CMEs that conserve their mass and magnetic flux. Furthermore, we examine the impact of the virtual mass on the equation of motion by studying a variable-mass system. We next implement magnetic reconnection into CME propagation, which erodes part of the CME magnetic flux and outer-shell mass, on the drag acting on CMEs, and we determine its impact on their time and speed of arrival at 1 AU. Depending on the strength of the magnetic erosion, the leading edge of the magnetic structure can reach near-Earth space up to ≈ three hours later, compared to the non-eroded case. Therefore, magnetic erosion may have a significant impact on the propagation of fast CMEs and on predictions of their arrivals at 1 AU. Finally, the modeling indicates that eroded CMEs may experience a significant mass decrease. Since such a decrease is not observed in the corona, the initiation distance of erosion may lie beyond the field-of-view of coronagraphs (i.e. $30~\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$
30

R
⊙

).
Mitigation of endogenous oxidative stress and improving growth, hemato-biochemical parameters, and reproductive performance of Zaraibi goat bucks by dietary supplementation with Chlorella vulgaris or/and vitamin C
Authors: Abdel-Khalek A. E. , El-Maghraby M. M. , Elbialy Zizy I. , Al wakeel Rasha A. , Almadaly E. A. , Shukry M. , El-Badawy A. A. , Zaghloul H. K. , Assar Doaa H.
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted to explore the effects of dietary inclusion ofChlorella vulgaris(CV) or/and vitamin C (VC) on growth, hemato-biochemical parameters, oxidative and antioxidant status, reproductive hormones, and semen quality variables, and scrotal-testicular dimensions of Zaraibi goat bucks. Twenty sexually mature bucks (41.49 ± 0.91 kg BW) were randomly divided into 4 groups (5 bucks/group). The control group was fed the control diet, while the other three groups received a diet supplemented with VC (2 g/animal /day), CV (5 g/animal/day), and CV plus VC (the same levels), respectively, for 8 weeks (treatment period), and then semen was collected for 8 weeks. Results showed that dietary supplementation with CV-VC combination significantly increased the final body weight, weight gain, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocytes; elevated serum total protein, globulin, testosterone, estradiol, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase with a significant reduction in Malondialdehyde in serum and seminal plasma. Also, the CV-VC combination significantly improved the ejaculate volume, total sperm output, sperm concentration, and live sperm, and reduced reaction time and sperm abnormality of bucks. Either CV or VC given separately or in combination, at the chosen levels, had no detrimental effects on animal physiological responses with normal hepatic and renal functions. Therefore, the CV-VC combination could be safely utilized as a dietary supplement in buck’s diets to improve antioxidant defenses, scavenge free radicals, and potentiate buck’s reproductive activities under normal conditions.
Interactive simulation of quantum key distribution protocols and application in Wi-Fi networks
Authors: Escanez-Exposito Daniel , Caballero-Gil Pino , Martín-Fernández Francisco
Published: July 2023

Key distribution allows two parties to produce and share a random secret key, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages with symmetric cryptosystems. Thus, this is often considered the most fundamental cryptographic primitive of secret communications, especially in wireless networks. While the traditional method is based on the assumption about the hardness of some mathematical problem, the quantum key distribution (QKD) involves quantum mechanical components and can be considered unconditionally secure. This paper presents an implementation of the two QKD protocols known as E91 and B92, which includes an intuitive class structure representing the different relationships between the two collaborating entities in the simulated communication. In addition, this implementation made it possible to deepen the study and comparison of both algorithms. The main details of the implementation are described here, together with some conclusions obtained from the research carried out on its functionalities, illustrated in colorful heat maps. This work also includes a preliminary analysis of the potential of the application of these QKD protocols for their hybrid application in Wi-Fi networks based on the IEEE 802.11 standard.
Valorization of purple non-sulfur bacteria biomass from anaerobic treatment of fuel synthesis process wastewater to microbial protein: a means of enhancing food security in arid climates
Authors: Wada O.Z. , Onwusogh U. , Vincent A.S. , Mckay G , Mackey H.R.
Published: July 2023

The global shift from traditional fish farming to aquaculture has created an aquafeed production gap. Hence, the recovery of microbial protein from organic and nutrient-rich agro-industrial wastewaters has been identified as a suitable substitute. However, such waste streams are sparse in arid climes like the Middle East. Thus, this study explores the potential of single-cell protein recovery from a novel waste stream abundant in the region–fuel synthesis process water (FSPW), via anaerobic treatment with purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB). The feedstock (COD = 10.3 g/L) amended with essential nutrients was inoculated with a PNSB-dominated mixed culture in replicate 1-L batch fermenters. The wastewater characteristics and microbial biomass assays were performed using standard methods. Around two-thirds of the COD was degraded within 72 h at a rate of 2100 mg L−1d−1, which reduced to about 710 mg L−1d−1 by trial end. Also, total nitrogen levels (90 mg/L) were depleted within 72 h, indicating that nitrogen was a limiting nutrient. In addition, a peak biomass concentration of 1.11±0.037 gvss/L was obtained. Proximate analysis revealed that the biomass consisted of 35% protein, 32% lipid, 16% carbohydrate, 7% ash, 0.5% carotenoids, 0.6% bacteriochlorophylls, and 0.004% coenzyme Q10. Biomass protein’s amino acid profile was comparable to soybean grain and meets dietary requirements for several aquatic livestock. Metal analysis of the biomass and wastewater indicated that nutritionally undesirable metals were undetected. Results show that PNSB not only efficiently degrade FSPW’s organic load but also upcycles the waste to valuable feed constituents, potentially creating a regional circular economy.
Extracorporeal blood purification therapies for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: expert opinion from the SIAARTI-SIN joint commission
Authors: De Rosa Silvia , Marengo Marita , Fiorentino Marco , Fanelli Vito , Brienza Nicola , Fiaccadori Enrico , Grasselli Giacomo , Morabito Santo , Pota Vincenzo , Romagnoli Stefano , Valente Fabrizio , Cantaluppi Vincenzo ,   The SIAARTI-SIN joint commission
Published: July 2023

Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury is a life-threatening condition leading to high morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Over the past decades, several extracorporeal blood purification therapies have been developed for both sepsis and sepsis-associated acute kidney injury management. Despite the widespread use of extracorporeal blood purification therapies in clinical practice, it is still unclear when to start this kind of treatment and how to define its efficacy. Indeed, several questions on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and extracorporeal blood purification therapy still remain unresolved, including the indications and timing of renal replacement therapy in patients with septic vs. non-septic acute kidney injury, the optimal dialysis dose for renal replacement therapy modalities in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury patients, and the rationale for using extracorporeal blood purification therapies in septic patients without acute kidney injury. Moreover, the development of novel extracorporeal blood purification therapies, including those based on the use of adsorption devices, raised the attention of the scientific community both on the clearance of specific mediators released by microorganisms and by injured cells and potentially involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of organ dysfunction including sepsis-associated acute kidney injury, and on antibiotic removal. Based on these considerations, the joint commission of the Italian Society of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (SIAARTI) and the Italian Society of Nephrology (SIN) herein addressed some of these issues, proposed some recommendations for clinical practice and developed a common framework for future clinical research in this field.

Graphical abstract
A Cleaner Milling Process Replacing Emulsion Coolant by Cryogenics CO2
Authors: Neto Octavio M. Pereira , Calleja-Ochoa A. , Ayesta I. , Rodríguez A. , González-Barrio H. , de Lacalle L. N. López
Published: July 2023

In manufacturing sector, looking for a balance between environmental and technical efficiency taking into account productivity is mandatory. Some sectors, such as the biomedical manufacturing sector, also needs to consider the cleanness inherent to prosthesis manufacturing processes for avoiding pathogens transfer to the human body, that is, neither chemicals, bacteria, nor uncontrolled metals can be introduced during the surgical intervention. This work here presented stems from the idea of analyzing the cleanness of cryogenic cooling to be applied to medical pieces. For this, several samples were machined using CO2 cryogenic technology and oil emulsions, respectively. In particular, a modified milling tool was used to apply not only efficiently as cutting fluid but also as cleaner fluid. Afterwards, they were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with the aim of looking for biological remains. Finally, with the aim of validating the modified tool in which CO2 is introduced axially as internal coolant, its tool life was tested in comparison with a conventional one. The results shown that the use of CO2 as internal coolant significantly improves the cleanness of current machining processes in comparison with the use of oil emulsions and the way in which is injected does not affect to machining performance.
Elucidating Ion Transport Phenomena in Sulfide/Polymer Composite Electrolytes for Practical Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Oh Kyeong-Seok , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Yong-Hyeok , Jeong Yi-Su , Kristanto Imanuel , Min Hong-Seok , Kim Sang-Mo , Hong Young Jun , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Sang-Young
Published: July 2023

Despite the enormous interest in inorganic/polymer composite solid-state electrolytes (CSEs) for solid-state batteries (SSBs), the underlying ion transport phenomena in CSEs have not yet been elucidated. Here, we address this issue by formulating a mechanistic understanding of bi-percolating ion channels formation and ion conduction across inorganic-polymer electrolyte interfaces in CSEs. A model CSE is composed of argyrodite-type Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) and gel polymer electrolyte (GPE, including Li+-glyme complex as an ion-conducting medium). The percolation threshold of the LPSCl phase in the CSE strongly depends on the elasticity of the GPE phase. Additionally, manipulating the solvation/desolvation behavior of the Li+-glyme complex in the GPE facilitates ion conduction across the LPSCl-GPE interface. The resulting scalable CSE (area = 8 × 6 (cm × cm), thickness ~ 40 μm) can be assembled with a high-mass-loading LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 cathode (areal-mass-loading = 39 mg cm–2) and a graphite anode (negative (N)/positive (P) capacity ratio = 1.1) in order to fabricate an SSB full cell with bi-cell configuration. Under this constrained cell condition, the SSB full cell exhibits high volumetric energy density (480 Wh Lcell−1) and stable cyclability at 25 °C, far exceeding the values reported by previous CSE-based SSBs.
A Generalized Polymer Precursor Ink Design for 3D Printing of Functional Metal Oxides
Authors: Chen Hehao , Wang Jizhe , Peng Siying , Liu Dongna , Yan Wei , Shang Xinggang , Zhang Boyu , Yao Yuan , Hui Yue , Zhou Nanjia
Published: July 2023

Three-dimensional-structured metal oxides have myriad applications for optoelectronic devices. Comparing to conventional lithography-based manufacturing methods which face significant challenges for 3D device architectures, additive manufacturing approaches such as direct ink writing offer convenient, on-demand manufacturing of 3D oxides with high resolutions down to sub-micrometer scales. However, the lack of a universal ink design strategy greatly limits the choices of printable oxides. Here, a universal, facile synthetic strategy is developed for direct ink writable polymer precursor inks based on metal-polymer coordination effect. Specifically, polyethyleneimine functionalized by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is employed as the polymer matrix for adsorbing targeted metal ions. Next, glucose is introduced as a crosslinker for endowing the polymer precursor inks with a thermosetting property required for 3D printing via the Maillard reaction. For demonstrations, binary (i.e., ZnO, CuO, In2O3, Ga2O3, TiO2, and Y2O3) and ternary metal oxides (i.e., BaTiO3 and SrTiO3) are printed into 3D architectures with sub-micrometer resolution by extruding the inks through ultrafine nozzles. Upon thermal crosslinking and pyrolysis, the 3D microarchitectures with woodpile geometries exhibit strong light-matter coupling in the mid-infrared region. The design strategy for printable inks opens a new pathway toward 3D-printed optoelectronic devices based on functional oxides.
The Wellbeing in Place Perceptions Scale: Structure, Validity, Reliability and Correlates During COVID Times
Authors: Corcoran Rhiannon , Ujhelyi Gomez Katalin , Simpson Grace , Goodall Mark , Bennett Kate , Gabbay Mark , Wilson Tim , Obe Dorcas Akeju , Pennington Andy , Bagnall Anne-Marie , South Jane
Published: July 2023

The influence of place-based factors on the physical and mental health of residents is well established and acknowledged within the population health approach to addressing health and wellbeing inequalities. The COVID-19 pandemic brought to the fore the issues that global communities face. The current UK policy context of ‘levelling up’ represents these concerns and the need to address them. This research examines perceptions of community wellbeing and its determinants as collected within a city region of the North West Coast of England during COVID restrictions between June and August 2020. The paper aims to establish the structure, construct validity and reliability of a new measure of community wellbeing - the Wellbeing in Place Perceptions Scale. Further, it aims to examine how this measure of community wellbeing correlated with symptoms of common mental health as reported by residents of this relatively disadvantaged city region during this unprecedented time. Results indicate that the WIPPS has a reliable and valid structure, correlating significantly with another widely used measure of sense of community and with the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Its relationship to self-reported common mental distress is also clear. Though in need of replication and longitudinal testing, the findings reported here on this new measure remind us that individual and place-based factors combine to influence wellbeing and that community needs to have an increasingly influential role to sustainably prevent future mental health challenges.
Drivers of land use changes and impacts on human-hippos (Hippopotamus amphibius) interactions in villages adjacent to Lake Babati, Tanzania
Authors: Mmbaga Naza E.
Published: July 2023

Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) are victims of land use changes (LUC) due to their semi-aquatic nature. Although human–hippopotamus interactions (HHI) are known to exist in the area surrounding Lake Babati, nothing is known about the LUC in relation to the interactions. The study aimed at assessing the trend of LUC in the last 20 years in relation to time of establishing new settlement and farming seasons in relation to HHI, respondents’ perceptions of HHI, and mitigation measures used by local people against Hippos adjacent Lake Babati. Remote sensing and GIS techniques, questionnaires and focused group discussions were used to assess human perceptions regarding trends of the LUC in the study area. LUC was monitored by using landsat images from the years 1999 and 2019. The findings indicate an increase in settlement while water, agroforestry, and seasonal agricultural lands were decreasing. The time respondents stayed in the village, farm size, and respondents’ perception of HHI trends were observed to vary with the distance from the lake. The presence of LUC on adjacent Lake Babati jeopardized the ecological integrity of Hippos’ habitat and increased tension and overlap between hippos’ and human needs. The findings provide a baseline for managing HHI and recommend proper land use planning that prioritizes the use of alternative crops like fruit trees especially within 3 km from the lake. Human population and settlement expansion patterns should also be monitored in areas closer to the lake for sustaining wildlife conservation and livelihood development in Lake Babati and surrounding areas.
Nuclear Superfluidity
Authors: Brink David M. , Broglia Ricardo A.
Published: July 2023

Nuclear Superfluidity is a monograph devoted exclusively to pair correlations in nuclei. It begins by exploring pair correlations in a variety of systems including superconductivity in metals at low temperatures and superfluidity in liquid 3He and in neutron stars. The book goes on to introduce basic theoretical methods, symmetry breaking and symmetry restoration in finite many-body systems. The last few chapters are devoted to introducing results on the role of induced interactions in the structure of both normal and exotic nuclei. The most important of these is the renormalization of the pairing interaction due to the coupling of pairs of nucleons to low energy nuclear collective excitations. This book will be essential reading for researchers and students in experimental and theoretical nuclear physics, and related research fields such as metal clusters, fullerenes and quantum dots. This 2005 title has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.