bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Postmenopausal Woman with a Clitoral Mass
Authors: W Chong
Published: February 2024

Although clitoral inclusion cyst is rare, it can cause a variety of bothersome symptoms and possible malignancy. The objective of this article is to present a surgical management option for a clitoral epidermoid inclusion cyst in a postmenopausal woman
Utilization of shea-nut cake for lipase production by thermophilic Bacillus velezensis EAC 9 isolated from hot compost and optimization of nutritional parameters
Authors: Kazeem Muinat Olanike , Adegbemi Emmanuel Aduragbemi , Aısamı Abubakar , Onajobı Ismail Babatunde
Published: February 2024

Although the use of oily waste as a cost-effective substrate for lipase production has recently gained importance, shea-nut cake (SNC) remains under-explored in this regard. Lipases of thermophilic origin such as hot compost bacteria are of significant biotechnological and industrial importance due to favorable robust properties. This study describes the optimization of nutritional parameters for improving lipase production by a thermophilic lipase producing bacteria isolated from hot compost using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The bacteria were isolated on tributyrin agar plate and used for lipase production on olive oil, SNC and their combination. Using Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) for screening and Central Composite Design (CCD) of RSM for optimization studies, factors influencing lipase production on SNC substrate were identified. One of the four most potent isolates, Bacillus velezensis EAC9, was identified using 16S rRNA and observed to show the maximum lipase activity on a mixture of olive oil and SNC (103.66 U/mL), which was higher than that of olive oil (65.22 U/mL) and SNC (41.72 U/mL) alone. The validity of the optimization model was confirmed, and an optimum medium containing olive oil and Tween 80 at 1.0% (v/v), sucrose at 1.0% (w/v), and (NH4)2SO4 at 0.1% (w/v) resulted in maximum lipase production at 200 U/mL, a 4.79-fold increase over the unoptimized medium. The findings suggest that SNC could be considered a cheap substrate for enhancing lipase production by the thermophilic B. velezensis EAC9 and suggest a model of nutritional parameters for optimal lipase production which could be scale up for industrial applications.
Pengaruh Kualitas Laba dan Readability terhadap Biaya Modal Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan yang terdaftar di BEI
Authors: Junaidi Wahyu , Honesty Fiola Finomia , Honesty Helga Nuri
Published: February 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of earnings quality and readability on the capital costs of mining sector companies listed on BEI for the 2019 - 2022 period. The sample used was 55 mining sector companies registered on BEI. The data used is secondary data in the form of each company's annual report obtained from the official website of the Indonesian stock exchange and the company's official website. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis, normality testing and hypothesis testing using SPSS 25 software. Based on the results of this research, earnings quality has a significant positive effect on capital costs and readability has no significant effect on capital costs of mining sector companies listed in BEI for the 2019 - 2022 period.
Pengaruh Pengungkapan Green Intellectual Capital dan Corporate Social Responsibility Mikro terhadap Kinerja Keuangan
Authors: Kangdra Natasya , Afriyenti Mayar
Published: February 2024

This research examines the effect of Green Intellectual Capital disclosure and Micro Corporate Social Responsibility on financial performance (empirical study on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period). The population of this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample of this research is 14 manufacturing companies. The source of data in this research is secondary data. Data collection techniques from company annual and sustainability reports. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that disclosure of Green Human Capital, Green Structural Capital, Micro Corporate Social Responsibility has no effect on the financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, meanwhile disclosure of Green Relational Capital has a positive effect on the financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
PEMAKNAAN SIMBOL PADA LAGU RESAH KARYA PAYUNG TEDUH DAN PUISI MENENANGKAN RINDU KARYA M. AAN MANSYUR: SEMIOTIKA CHARLES SANDERS PIERCE
Authors: Oktavianna  , Ansori Alwi , Diah Haryanti Novi
Published: February 2024

Seni bahasa pada lagu biasanya dipadukan dengan seni musik yang menyebabkan lagu memiliki nilai estetika yang tinggi. Lirik lagu biasanya pengarang juga memperhatikannya dalam pemilihan kata yang tepat dan memiliki unsur kiasan agar dapat dinikmati oleh pendengar. Selain itu, puisi juga tak kalah bedanya dengan lirik lagu yang memperhatikan pemilihan diksinya untuk menjadikan lirik-lirik puisi ini sangat imajinatif. Setiap diksi yang dipilih pengarang dalam menciptakan karya mengandung sistem tanda yang memiliki arti atau penafsiran yang luas. Penafsiran dalam sistem tanda yang ada di karya sastra memerlukan pendekatan sastra yang sesuai dalam membedahnya, agar penafsirannya sesuai dengan isi pesan pengarang yang ingin disampaikan kepada pendengar maupun pembaca. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang berusaha untuk menguraikan sumber data yang sudah ditemui dengan narasi yang jelas. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan semiotika dengan teori dari Charles Sanders Pierce yang mendasari dengan konsep trikotomi. Adapun sumber data penelitian ini dari lirik lagu Resah karya Payung Teduh dan puisi Menenangkan Rindu karya M. Aan Mansyur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana penafsiran terhadap sistem tanda yang dimana memiliki penafsiran yang berbeda-beda, sesuai konteks yang ada.
PERJANJIAN MALINO SEBAGAI HASIL DARI UPAYA MEDIASI KONFLIK DI KONFLIK MALUKU
Authors: Sajiwo Bagus Budi
Published: February 2024

Konflik dapat diartikan sebagai pertikaian, pertikaian, atau keadaan yang tidak sesuai dengan yang seharusnya, konflik biasanya disertai dengan kekerasan, namun tidak dipungkiri ada konflik yang tidak disertai dengan kekerasan. Di Indonesia konflik bukanlah sesuatu yang baru, bahkan relatif sering terjadi, hal ini dikarenakan Indonesia merupakan negara yang pluralistik/multikultural, dengan perbedaan tersebut Indonesia rawan akan konflik. Seperti konflik di Maluku pada tahun 1999. Pasca merebaknya peristiwa reformasi memberikan kesempatan bagi kelompok-kelompok tertentu di Maluku untuk melampiaskan dendam yang selama ini terkubur. Konflik Maluku berlangsung lama dan menelan banyak korban jiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Perjanjian Malino sebagai upaya mediasi konflik dalam konflik Maluku yang kompleks ini.
State-legal coercion as a method of implementing Ukraine’s political function in the conditions of martial law
Authors: Haidu S. O.
Published: February 2024

The article examines state-legal coercion as a method of implementing Ukraine’s political function in modern conditions. Normative legal acts are identified, and measures of state-legal coercion in the conditions of a state of war are provided. In modern conditions, it is important that state-legal coercion is used in accordance with the principles of the rule of law, taking into account the rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as international human rights standards. It is important to ensure that it does not violate the rights and freedoms of citizens and is not used for political persecution. Ukraine, as a democratic country, is obliged to adhere to these principles in all aspects of its policy and activities. However, during the full-scale Russian invasion, significant changes were made to the current legislation, which affected the rights and obligations of ordinary citizens of Ukraine, as well as certain state bodies. These measures must be applied in accordance with normative legal acts and are temporary in nature, aimed at overcoming an emergency situation (military aggression) and restoring the normal functioning of the state. Due to the prolonged military aggression, state coercion measures are closely related to the sphere of human rights and the rule of law, which is the cornerstone of the implementation of our state’s political function. The state of war is characterized by significant changes in the legal status of subjects of legal relations, as well as an expansion of the competence of state authorities and administration. This is primarily reflected in a sharp increase in the volume of state-legal coercion, which does not have the character of administrative penalties. In summary, it can be concluded that the legal regime of a state of war consists of a system of legal norms, predominantly of an administrative nature, which primarily restrict the rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as the rights of legal entities. These measures expand the powers of state authorities and are introduced in specific territories in the event of specified emergency circumstances, with the aim of the swift restoration and maintenance of the rule of law.
A medical insurance contract in the system of civil legal agreements of Ukraine
Authors: Petechel N. M.
Published: February 2024

In this article the author investigates a scientific discussion concerning taking of contract of insurance on the whole and to the medical insurance contract in particular to the type of service contracts. Issues of systematization of civil law contracts are related to the need to define criteria for dividing contractual types into certain classification groups. It is set on the basis of analysis, that in the system of civil legal agreements a medical insurance contract is the subspecies of contracts of insurance as to the kind within the limits of type of service contracts. The feature of this type of contracts consists in that a grant of service is inseparable from activity of the person that renders services, id est the grant of insurance service is inseparably related to activity of insurer, and the useful effect of such activity shows up in the process of grant of service. A result of activity, that comes true by a person that renders services, is a basic difference between obligations about the grant of services and obligations from implementation of works. Pointing in the civil legislation of the name of that or other civil legal agreement or pointing of sphere of his action can not testify to his legal adjusting. A contract can be characterized as unnamed, if his concept, substantial terms, right and duties parties, is not certain the acts of civil legislation and others like that.

It is marked that at a conclusion and performing а medical insurance contract, as an unnamed contract, generals are used about services, envisaged by Civil Code of Ukraine, special norms, set in Civil Code of Ukraine and Law of Ukraine “On the insurance”, generals of obligation right.
Open access as a means of ensuring scientific achievements in the innovation process
Authors: Hlibko S. V. , Rozghon O. V.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the conceptual provisions for substantiating the essence of the «open access» category and its role as a means of ensuring scientific achievements in the innovation process. The authors prove that open access is an important mechanism for stimulating the transfer of scientific results and scientific and technical information on the Internet and a certain way of digital transformation. The study has led to the conclusion that the purpose of open access as a means of ensuring scientific achievements in the innovation process is to ensure a balanced development of the sphere of scientific, scientific and technical and innovation activities, which, as a result, will make it possible to improve scientific and technological cooperation, scientific and digital development, enhance the European integration of national research and increase the efficiency of sales of scientific products. The category of «open access» has been of interest to many scientists to find out the advantages and disadvantages, but there are significant differences in the views of scientists. The study found that the advantages of open access to scientific results and scientific and technical information on the Internet are much greater than the disadvantages.

The article emphasizes that open access is an important tool for the functioning of the innovation process, which provides for connecting the number of participants based on digital technologies, aims to coordinate and process scientific results and scientific and technical information on the Internet, involve software, assist in effective interaction of participants in the innovation process, digitalization of business processes, transfer of new promising technologies and/or their components with the participation of all interested participants. It has been established that open access facilitates the sale of scientific products in the innovation process.
The influence of the reception of roman law on the evolution of lithuanian-rus’ criminal law in the middle of the XV – at the beginning of the XVI century
Authors: Kryzhevskyi A. V.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the influence of the reception of Roman law on the development of the criminal law of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the middle of the XV – at the beginning of the XVI century. For the validity of theoretical propositions and conclusions, the author used a set of philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods, namely: historical-legal, comparative-legal, historical-functional, formal-legal, hermeneutic- legal, etc. The article emphasizes that in the principality in the XVI century the necessary conditions for the wide reception of Roman law were created: the state authorities saw it as a strong support for centralization, and graduates of medieval universities could ensure its organic integration while preserving their own distinctive national features. It has been established that the reception of Roman law in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania began long before the creation of the Lithuanian Statute in 1529. The beginning of this process can be attributed to the middle of the XVI century. The author of the article claims that the wide reception of Roman law in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania through the mediation of canonical, Magdeburg and Polish law took place not only in private law, but also in public law. Thanks to the analysis of specific examples of the reception of Roman law, it has been proven that the legislator did not borrow specific norms or rules, but mostly the principles formed by Roman lawyers. It was concluded that under the influence of Roman law already in the XVI century in Lithuanian-Rus’ law, the perception of crime and the purpose of punishment are beginning to change It has been established that the crime evolves from a private legal matter (insult or harm to a private person) to a public legal matter (an act that threatens society). It was determined that the system of punishments in the form of fines is changing to harsh sanctions against the criminal, aimed at punishing him. The thesis that Lithuanian-Rus’ law adopts the principle of individual punishment, while collective responsibility is preserved as an exception to the general rule for specific elements of the crime, is substantiated.
Ways of improving the efficiency of administrative and legal ensuring the honorable behavior of military officials in the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors: Prylipko M. O.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the article is to determine ways to improve the effectiveness of administrative and legal support for the virtuous behavior of military officials in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

The legal regime of martial law contributes to the emergence of new and strengthening of existing corruption risks, which are inherent in the activities of military administration bodies. Analysis of court practice, reports of mass media and social networks shows the existence of numerous examples of unscrupulous behavior of military personnel, which lowers the authority of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations.

It is argued that the improvement of the legal regulation of the virtuous behavior of military officials in the Armed Forces of Ukraine should be based on the harmonization of legislation along two main vectors: 1) ensuring the compliance of the array of subordinate legal acts with the content of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine; 2) taking into account the trends in the development of integrity in the North Atlantic Alliance and their compliance with the national characteristics of the formation of honest behavior of military personnel.

It was concluded that increasing the effectiveness of administrative and legal protection of the integrity of military personnel includes four main directions. First, it is a direction of monitoring legislation, the purpose of which is to determine the spheres of activity and powers of military officials, in which unreasonably large-scale discretionary powers are established. Such discretionary powers make it possible to freely interpret the content of the legal norm and make decisions in areas sensitive from the point of view of corruption risks. Secondly, it is the direction of the formation of the personality of a military serviceman, which should be understood as a long-term systematic process of developing intolerance to corruption offenses and awareness of the importance of strict compliance with legal prescriptions, which should be reflected in the value structure of the individual. Thirdly, it is the improvement of feedback processes between all links of the military management system with the aim of obtaining by the subjects of democratic civilian control and internal departmental control operational and objective information about the causes and conditions that contribute to the unscrupulous behavior of servicemen.
Concept, legal nature and classification of virtual assets
Authors: Tsukan S. V.
Published: February 2024

The entry of digital assets into the economic space at the national and supranational levels is an innovation in the financial system. The rapid penetration of virtual assets into the economic sphere is perceived ambiguously, because their uniqueness, which is expressed in anonymity, independence from central banks, combined with the use of information technology, has won both many supporters and attracted the attention of critics, including at the state level of the world’s leading countries.

The article analyzes the experience of legislative consolidation of the definition of the concept of «virtual asset» at the national and international levels. Approaches to understanding this term by individual scholars are considered. The author distinguishes the correlation between the concepts of «virtual assets» and «digital assets», «cryptoassets» and «cryptocurrencies», «virtual assets» and «cryptoassets», and in particular, determines that the concepts of «virtual assets» and «digital assets» are synonymous, the term «cryptoassets» is broader than the term «cryptocurrencies» and includes the latter; at the same time, the concept of «virtual assets» is broader than the concept of «cryptoassets», since a virtual asset can use not only blockchain technology to have an electronic form.

The definition of the concept of «virtual assets» was formed, which is considered as any asset expressed by a collection of data in electronic form, created using cryptographic means, having a cost, economic value and direct interaction of two parties without the participation of intermediaries in a decentralized network.

The evolution of attempts to determine the legal form and legal nature of virtual assets at the regulatory and legal level in Ukraine has been analyzed and their classifications have been identified. Some aspects of the Law of Ukraine «On Virtual Assets» were studied, with the adoption of which the final transformation of cryptoassets and cryptocurrencies into a new legal form took place - a virtual asset.

The conclusion was formulated that the Law of Ukraine «On Virtual Assets» needs to be revised in terms of the concept and classification of virtual assets.
Beneficial owner in the context of FATF activities
Authors: Yamnenko T. M. , Savenkova V. G.
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the understanding of the beneficial owner in the context of FATF documents. The FATF is an international organization that fights a wide range of financial crimes, in particular money laundering and terrorist financing. Particular attention is paid to the definition and disclosure of beneficial owners, who are key figures in financial transactions. According to FATF documents, a “beneficial owner” is understood as an individual who ultimately owns a legal entity, exercises control over its activities or on behalf of which all operational activities of a legal entity are carried out. In the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing, revealing the identity of beneficial owners is an important step. It is emphasized that the use of the category of beneficial owner in FAFT documents, and, accordingly, in activities related to counteracting the legalization of funds obtained by criminal means, makes it possible to establish the exact origin and direction of financial flows that can be used for criminal activity.

The FATF develops standards and practical recommendations for the disclosure and identification of beneficial owners, which are then implemented by its member countries. It is concluded that the disclosure of information about the beneficial owner not only contributes to the fight against criminal activity, but also contributes to the transparency, trust and efficiency of the financial system as a whole. It is positively assessed that disclosure of information helps investors, banks and other market participants to make informed decisions in financial transactions. It is noted that the disclosure of information about the beneficial owner counteracts the use of tax evasion schemes, the use of services of nominal owners, the legalization of illegal income, etc.

Disclosure of beneficial owner information is an important element in combating money laundering, terrorist financing and ensuring transparency and efficiency of the financial system. This helps to prevent the legalization of illegal income and protect the financial system from criminal acts.
About the determinants of sexual crimes and their consideration in criminal proceedings
Authors: Volobuyeva O.O.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of determining the nature of sexual crimes and their determinants, which should be taken into account when making decisions in criminal proceedings. It is noted that the change in 2018 in Ukraine of the criminal law interpretation of rape and other sexual crimes in accordance with the paradigm of the countries of the European Union made it necessary to revise a number of previously formulated theoretical provisions in the field of legal sciences of the criminal law cycle. The article emphasizes that the renewal of criminal legislation took place as a result of the influence of the processes of increasing the degree of protection of women from violence that took place in other countries. It is noted that these processes were a manifestation of the tendency to strengthen the protection of women’s rights against domestic violence, in particular in intimate relationships. The novelty was the normative consolidation of the provision that a key sign of sexual violence is the absence of a clearly expressed voluntary consent of a woman to carry out actions of a sexual nature against her. Such consent must be the result of a person’s free will, taking into account the accompanying circumstances during criminal proceedings.

During the investigation of sexual crimes, a number of factors are subject to investigation, a large part of which are determinants of the commission of sexual violence. They touch on the psychophysiological and sociological aspects of committing sexual crimes. It is noted that the psychophysiological aspect of committing sexual crimes is that their basis is human sexuality, which is an innate need and function of the human body at the level of instinct. The sociological aspect of sexual crimes consists in going beyond the norm of modern sexual behavior, which was historically formed in a certain society. When a sexual crime is committed, in particular rape, it is manifested in ignoring the absence of a clearly expressed voluntary consent of the victim to commit acts of a sexual nature against her (most often she is a woman). In connection with the study of this problem, the importance of a new scientific and practical direction of criminal law and forensic medicine, which was called criminal sexology, is emphasized. The need to take into account the provisions of criminal sexology, which highlight the interdisciplinary complex of the most significant problematic issues to be resolved in criminal proceedings regarding sexual crimes, is substantiated.
Using interactive learning methods during practical exercises on fire training
Authors: Zelenskyi Zelenskyi E.O. , Zadorozhnya R.V. , Fisun N.O.
Published: February 2024

This article examines the use of interactive learning methods during practical exercises on fire training. The author considered the effectiveness and practical advantages of using modern technologies and interactive approaches to improve the educational process in the law enforcement context. The article analyzes the results of research and provides examples of successful implementation of interactive training methods during fire training, which contributes to improving the skills and knowledge of future law enforcement officers.

The article also discusses various tools and technologies that can be used for interactive fire training, such as virtual reality, range simulators, and skill monitoring systems. The importance of involving the military in active participation in the training process, as well as the interaction between instructors and law enforcement officers during training, is highlighted. Practical recommendations for the implementation of interactive training methods in the context of fire training to achieve a higher level of training and effectiveness of military operations are described.

Interactive learning approaches such as simulations, games, virtual reality, practical exercises and competitions are analyzed, particularly their advantages in promoting firearms proficiency and knowledge. The study describes the interaction of participants during interactive classes, emphasizing the role of cooperation and interaction in the learning process. The impact of these methods on improving the understanding of the material and ensuring effective learning is also considered. The results of the study provide an important contribution to the understanding and use of interactive training methods in the field of fire training, emphasizing their importance for increasing the effectiveness and interest in training, as well as improving proficiency in this area.

These interactive methods help increase the effectiveness of training and the practical application of fire training skills, ensuring better learning of the material and preparation for real situations.
Regarding the classification of special technical means of covert information acquisition
Authors: Yaroshenko A.S. , Boginich I.O.
Published: February 2024

Based on the analysis of current legal acts and scientific literature, the article examines the issues related to ensuring security during covert investigative (detective) actions with the use of special technical means for covert obtaining of information. At present, these issues are in demand in the context of combating encroachments on the territorial integrity or territorial inviolability of the state, in particular, those related to the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of our country, the number of which has been increasing in recent years. In legislative and departmental regulations and special literature, scholars and practitioners have paid sufficient attention to the issues of legislative regulation of the organisation and use of special technical means in the course of covert investigative (detective) actions.

Thus, regulatory documents and technical support for covert investigative (detective) actions conducted with the use of special technical means do not fully meet the current operational tasks of the state law enforcement agencies. Therefore, the issue of further development and harmonisation of legislative and departmental acts, improvement and introduction of the latest technologies and modern equipment in the course of operational search, counterintelligence and investigative activities is relevant.

In the period of transformation processes which are taking place and changing the state and legal reality of the European Community countries, which Ukraine, in particular, is trying to join, an important issue is to ensure democratic and humane principles of the State’s functioning.

The scientific novelty of the article is the actualisation of the problems associated with the use of special technical means of obtaining information and the introduction of the author’s system of their classification in the course of covert investigative (detective) actions.
Ensuring the right to life of various categories of persons in conditions of war
Authors: Gerich A.Y. , Gerich A.V.
Published: February 2024

This work examines the issue of ensuring the right to life of various categories of persons in wartime conditions.

In today’s conditions, the relevance and importance of the right to human life, its realization and protection is obvious, because without such a fundamental right, all other rights lose any meaning. Life is a necessary condition for the realization of all human rights and freedoms. This right is enshrined in all human rights treaties and is part of universal international law.

It is noted that the decisions of international and national courts regarding respect for the right to life during an armed conflict are not always clear, as they often lead to threats to governments to withdraw from international human rights protection mechanisms. Mechanisms for protecting the right to life need improvement. On October 30, 2018, the UN Committee on Human Rights adopted General Comment No. 36 to Art. 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, where he tried to solve the main problems related to the protection of human rights to life. But, despite the adoption of such an important act, many questions remain open.

The peculiarities of the state’s obligations to protect the right to life in the conditions of a military conflict include issues of jurisdiction in the conditions of the occupation of the territory; the list of obligations of the state during an armed conflict; the limits of the need to use force in legitimate military actions, in the context of the need to counter terrorist acts, conduct special operations; peculiarities of the investigation of facts of deprivation of life.

It was concluded that the right to life is an inalienable right of every person, which is guaranteed by the Basic Law of our country, normative legal acts and a number of international acts.
Characteristics of the subjective aspect of the non-submission of a declaration by a person authorized to perform state or local self-government functions
Authors: Zamakhin A.L.
Published: February 2024

The article is dedicated to exploring the peculiarities of the subjective aspect of non-submission of declarations by subjects obliged to declare assets as persons authorized to perform the functions of the state or local self-government. The subjective aspect of a criminal offense is its internal side, reflecting the attitude of the consciousness and will of the person who committed the criminal offense towards their action and its consequences. Legal characteristics of the subjective aspect are guilt, motive, and purpose, which define its content. Guilt is the main and obligatory feature of every composition of a criminal offense. Article 3663 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides for a direct indication of the intentional form of guilt, but does not define the type of intent. Most scholars adhere to the point of view that this criminal offense can only be committed with direct intent, although some admit the possibility of indirect intent. Given that this criminal offense has a formal composition, the first point of view is more convincing. When failing to submit a declaration, the person must be aware of the social danger and unlawfulness of the action. The obligation of such awareness is also confirmed by judicial practice materials.

The content of guilt is largely determined by the motive and purpose of the criminal offense. Purpose and motive are facultative characteristics of the subjective side of the general composition of a criminal offense. They are mandatory only when they are directly mentioned or unambiguously follow from the content of the article’s disposition. In establishing the subjective aspect of the criminal offense under Article 3663 of the Criminal Code, determining the motive with which the declarant acted is of great importance. The absence of evidence indicating a specific motive for non-submission of the declaration is a basis for concluding that the person did not actually realize the social danger and unlawfulness of their action, and thus, the absence of intent in their behavior. The Higher Anti-Corruption Court supports the same position. The usual purpose of non-submission of declarations by the subjects is considered to be the concealment of assets and funds previously obtained as a result of committing another criminal offense.
Problems of teaching logic to law students
Authors: Gorban O.V.
Published: February 2024

The problem of teaching logic to lawyers is, first of all, its abstract and formal nature, detached from legal practice. Therefore, secondly, the tendency to restrict or even remove logic from the curricula is provoked. This, thirdly, is followed by the lack of rationale for the majority of court decisions in Ukraine.

The purpose of the article is to clarify the subject of legal logic - the main question from a range of problems, the solution of which will contribute to the improvement of the quality of training of lawyers.

The conducted analysis of the research revealed sufficient validity of the subject of legal logic. The sphere of law has a strong-willed and competitive, contradictory character. This determines the need for a special, argumentative reasoning based on natural, not formalized language. It is formed in a practically directed dialogue, taking into account political, moral, etc. factors. At the same time, deductive incorrectness and incompleteness of the premises are possible, provided that the conclusion is rationally substantiated, sufficiently convincing, depending on the context of the legal discourse. Legal considerations suggest doubts about the identity of abstract and concrete objects and deviation from logical rules. This requires additional analytical procedures - interpretation and interpretation based on deductive and inductive models with opposite means and techniques.

In conclusion, the author’s position is the expediency of interdisciplinary teaching of logic to lawyers in one course with two content modules: formal logic and legal logic. Another option is two relevant courses. The professional level of teaching should be provided, respectively, by professors-philosophers and professors-lawyers. The best are teachers with two relevant educations.
The relationship between right and duty: moral and ethical principles
Authors: Popovych T.P.
Published: February 2024

It is indicated that, in the modern period of conflicting legal norms, one of the means of ensuring the implementation and observance of constitutional obligations is the responsibility and sanctions of the norms of the current legislation.

It is noted that in the modern world, with the rapid development of society, the issue of compliance with law and morality is becoming more and more necessary and relevant. That is why considerable attention should be paid to the consideration, analysis and research of these two concepts. Today, law and morality depend on each other. Norms of morality and law are the most widespread and quite important for society. They are intertwined in the process of social regulation, their demands coincide in many respects: what law allows or prohibits, and morality encourages or condemns. The interaction of morality and law in society is a very complex and diverse process. Strongly influencing morality, law contributes to its intensive implementation in the minds of all members of society, at the same time, under the influence of moral requirements, law constantly improves and elevates its role as a social regulator of social relations.

The author emphasizes that the attitude to rights and duties in the context of a person’s legal status creates a rather complex problem for ethics and morality. On the one hand, theorists fix such qualities of moral demands as universality and a high level of commonality. Ethical theory in the sense of attitude to rights and duties inevitably uses as one of its bases the moral ideas of «ordinary man» or «ordinary human mind». It cannot simply ignore moral intuitions, although it can make attempts to discredit some of them, especially if they contradict the main body of moral convictions and are not accompanied by absolute certainty. However, moral duties to have a different character. They are an integral component of the normative system of universal morality and have an almost axiomatic character for the «ordinary person».
Socio-legal conditioning of the differentiation of criminal responsibility for corruption offenses
Authors: Lyashchenko V.
Published: February 2024

The article states that it is advisable to consider the problem of social and legal validity of differentiation of criminal responsibility for corruption criminal offenses in two planes: external and internal.

In order to establish very specific restrictions on the use of incentive criminal law measures against persons who have committed corruption criminal offenses, the legislator needed an appropriate tool: the definition of the concept of corruption criminal offense subsequently. This is due to the separation in the General part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine of a group of corruption criminal offenses and the legal consequences of their commission, which constitutes, conditionally speaking, an “external” differentiation of criminal liability. There are also legal reasons for the “external” differentiation of criminal responsibility for a corruption criminal offense, since the concept of “corruption offense” is defined in the Law of Ukraine on Prevention of Corruption (Part 1, Article 1), and corruption crimes are generally conventional and have a relatively autonomous existence determined by the provisions of international law, those documents ratified by Ukraine.

The first step of the “internal” differentiation of criminal liability for corruption criminal offenses is determined by legal factors - the definition of the concept of “corruption” in the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption”. The next step of “internal” differentiation is to take into account the types of special subjects of corruption criminal offenses and those spheres of social relations in which they participate and may abuse their powers or receive undue benefits. The reasons for such a differentiation seem to lie in the differences in the relations in which the above-mentioned special subjects are participants. The legislator, differentiating responsibility taking into account these spheres, firstly, determines the place of the article on the corruption criminal offense in the structure of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, and secondly, taking into account the importance of the relevant relations, constructs independent sanctions of criminal law norms.
Existential Democracy as a Model of Democracy for the Development of Human Personality. Part I. The Concept of Existential Democracy and Its Scientific, Philosophical Justification
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Linde Andrey N.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the development of an original model of democracy – existential democracy. Study consists of two parts. In the first part presented here are provided political scientific, sociological, as well as psychological and religious-philosophical justifications of existential democracy. One of the main innovations of existential democracy is a departure from only the pragmatic, utilitarian-functional understanding of democ-racy, directed at satisfying material needs alone and electing for this purpose an elite that satisfies these needs – a functioning state administration. Existential democracy addresses the goal of spiritual devel-opment and the achievement of the spiritual good of man – a goal that was originally postulated for the political process by Aristotle in “Politics”. This turns democracy to the problem of the development of the personality, the revelation of its true human, free and creative “I”, and not the “ego” embedded into the system. This corre-sponds to the interpretation of human not as just a bio-systemic organism, but as a spiritual transcendental be-ing striving for the meaning of his life, according to the humanistic psychology of Frankl, Fromm and others. These provisions seem especially actual now, during the advent of the postmodern era, consumer society and cybernetic regulation of human life.
Investment Policy in the Strategic Development of Regions: Spatial Aspect
Authors:   Pacific National University, Frolova Natalya S.
Published: February 2024

In the article the author scrutinizes the relationship between the investment policy of the region and strategic development. Such interrelation has a positive impact on the spatial development of the territory, since the sus-tainability of regional economic development is ensured if it is linked to the strategy of the region. The prob-lematic issue of the investment policy in strategic planning in the context of the spatial aspect is due to the fact that it is often represented by various unrelated documents of territorial and strategic planning, or the invest-ment component is considered in development strategies from the position of investment in fixed capital, while rejecting other sources of investment. Strategies of socio-economic and spatial development, along with values and priorities, define goals, objectives, targets and standards of life support. However, without a competently built investment policy it is difficult to realize the given directions in the strategies.
KESETARAAN GENDER DALAM PEMBAGIAN WARISAN PADA KELUARGA TIONGHOA DI KOTA TEGAL
Authors: Natasya Ezra
Published: February 2024

Hukum waris adat Tionghoa menganggap anak laki-laki merupakan anak yang lebih berharga dibandingkan dengan anak perempuan dan anggapan tersebut memberikan dampak dalam pembagian warisan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembagian warisan masyarakat adat Tionghoa di kota Tegal masih menerapkan adat Tionghoa dengan sistem kekerabatan patrilineal. Anak perempuan tidak mendapatkan harta warisan atau mendapatkan bagian meskipun jumlahnya relatif sedikit dibandingkan bagian anak laki-laki. Praktek ini memunculkan ketidaksetaraan gender dan proses pembagian warisan secara adat Tionghoa bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 tentang Pengesahan Konvensi Mengenai Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Wanita. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dan hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif analitis. Data yang dikumpulkan dan digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan datanya melalui penelitian lapangan (wawancara) dan penelitian kepustakaan.
THE P5 AND PPRA MODEL IN INCLUSIVE SCHOOLS
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Muhamad Chamdani
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This study aims to determine the P5 and PPRA models (Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila and Profil Pelajar Rahmatan Lil ‘Alamin) as a Project of Strengthening Pancasila Student Profiles and Student Profile of Rahmatan Lil' Alamin in Inclusive Schools and their supporting and inhibiting factors. The subjects in this study were inclusive elementary schools in Kebumen, namely SD Negeri 2 Pejagoan and MI Maarif Sidomulyo. This study used a qualitative approach with a type of phenomenology. Data collection was through observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis techniques used were the Miles and Huberman model, namely condensation, display, and conclusion/verification data. The results of the analysis indicated that the P5 and PPRA model in inclusive schools had been outlined in the annual program and school semester program, which were then developed in the flow of learning objectives and teaching modules, making them flexible according to the characteristics of students with special needs. The existence of good partnerships between schools, families, and the community was the dominant factor supporting P5 and PPRA, and the lack of learning facilities and media was an inhibiting factor in strengthening P5 and PPRA.
ANDROID-BASED APPLICATION AS A MEDIA TO SUPPORT THE LEARNING AND PRESERVATION OF JAVA LANGUAGE FOR MI/SD STUDENTS
Authors: Nina Indriani  , Siti Rodliyah Eka Agustina  , Alifa Feby Nur Aini  , Dita Dwi Cahyani
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The development of the ABJA (Aku Isa Basa Jawa) application is intended to make Javanese language learning support media for elementary schools (SD) or Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) students interesting and fun. In addition, the development of ABJA applications is also intended to preserve Javanese art and culture, which are now increasingly fading. This application was developed using the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) model consisting of six stages. The data analysis technique used was a Likert scale to interpret quantitative data. The results of the data showed that the feasibility of testing 15 children aged 6–9 years was 95.3% with a very good category, the material expert test result was  98.6% with a very good category, and the media expert test result was 89.5% with a very good category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ABJA (Aku Isa Basa Jawa) application is an application that is feasible to use as a medium to support the learning and preservation of Javanese language for elementary school or Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students.
DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING MATERIALS BASED ON AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS AT MIN 1 KOLAKA UTARA STUDENTS
Authors: Husnaini  , Nurhikmah H  , Muin Awaluddin , Hakim Abdul , Pattaufi
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The low student learning outcomes in natural science at MIN 1 North Kolaka were because students had difficulty understanding abstract concepts. One of the technologies that could be utilized to visualize abstract concepts into more concrete three-dimensional objects was Augmented Reality (AR). This study aimed to measure the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of teaching-based materials in Augmented Reality in natural science learning. The research method used was Research and Development with ADDIE model. The subjects of this research were students of class V MIN 1 North Kolaka. Based on the test results obtained: (1) the result of the material and media validation test was 4.41 in the valid category, (2) the result of the practicality analysis was 80.9% in the practical category, and (3) the effectiveness result obtained from learning test was 66.7 % in the effective category and student responses were good qualifications. Therefore, teaching materials based on Augmented Reality were feasible to implement in the learning process because they were able to improve learning outcomes and attract students' attention to learning. Integrating AR into the curriculum can improve the quality of science learning in class V of elementary schools.