bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choosing the Optimal Ultrasound Method for the Measurement of the Amount of Visceral Adipose Tissue
Authors: Pimanov S. I. , Bondarenko V. M. , Makarenko E. V.
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the best options for the ultrasound (US) evaluation of the amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), taking into account the time spent on these investigations, availability of visualization of anatomical landmarks, reproducibility of methods and correlation of the measurement results with data obtained by computed tomography (CT), as well as the operational characteristics of the ROC analysis of the boundary values of the VAT amount in metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), and erectile dysfunction (ED).

The ultrasound measurement of VAT of various localization was performed in 337 patients aged 18-65. The selection of the optimal options for the ultrasound measurement of VAT was based on the qualimetric analysis.

For the ultrasound diagnosis of VAT, taking into account the integrative assessment of ranks, it seems optimal to measure the area of the lower part of perinephric adipose tissue, as well as the distance between the inner surface of the rectus abdominis muscle and the anterior or posterior wall of the aorta. Increased thickness of epicardial and pericardial VAT is typical for patients with CHD and ED.
The Features of the Course and Outcomes of HIV Infection Diagnosed at the Stage of Pronounced Immunosuppression
Authors: Matsiyeuskaya N. V.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to present the features of the course and outcomes of HIV infection diagnosed at the stage of pronounced immunosuppression.

Material and methods. Based on the primary CD4 + T-lymphocytes count, 492 patients living with HIV were divided into 2 groups: group 1 - 220 patients (CD4 + TL less than or equal to 350 cells/μl), group 2 - 272 patients (CD4 + TL more than 350 cells/µl). The statistical analysis was performed using the package «Statisticа» v.10.

Results. Among the patients of the first group there were more men than in the second group: 136 (61.8 %) and 125 (46 %), p < 0.001, respectively; more patients in HIV clinical stages 3 and 4 - 52.7 % and 27.6 %, p < 0.05; more ART patients: 208 (94.5 %) and 148 (54.4 %) p < 0.001, respectively. The levels of T-helpers and IRI (immunoregulatory index) in the patients of group 2 in the follow-up dynamics remained significantly higher compared with those of the patients of group 1. The incidence of tuberculosis was higher in group 1: 33 (15 %) and 15 (5.5 %), respectively, p < 0.05. In the first group, 23 (10.5 %) patients died, in the second - 9 (3.3 %), p < 0.003.

Conclusion. HIV-infection at the stage of pronounced immunosuppression was diagnosed in 220 patients - 44.7 % (95 % CI: 40.4-49.1) of the cases. Severe immunosuppression in the primarily diagnosed patients was associated with the presence of HIV clinical stages 3 and 4 (OR - 2.9; 95 % CI: 2.0-4.3), higher incidence rates of tuberculosis (OR - 3.02; 95 % CI: 1.6-5.7) and fatal outcomes (OR - 3.4; 95 % CI: 1.5-7.5), a slower increase in T-helpers and IRI counts.
The Pedagogical Basis for the Organization of Professional Self-Determination Among Junior Medical Students
Authors: Chernysheva L. V.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to identify the main pedagogical techniques of the organization of an educational environment for indirect and purposeful management of the process of personal and professional development of specialists in a medical school.

Material and methods. The following methods were applied: the methods of theoretical analysis including philosophical, psychological and educational, the method of methodological literature on the problem, problem analysis in existing practice; methods of observation and sociological methods.

Results. In order to ensure successful professional selfdetermination of all year medical students, it is necessary: to specify important professional qualities of general practitioners and the requirements for their competitiveness; to develop a modular program of the development of the students` subjective position and the criterion basis for evaluation of the levels of their professional selfdetermination; to develop programs for personal and professional selfdetermination of students and their pedagogical assistance, to develop methodical recommendations for professors on how to create conditions for successful adaptation of students and their professional selfdetermination.

Conclusion. The developing sociocultural and educational environment of a medical university favors the formation of professionally significant qualities of doctors to be, provided students constantly reconsider their roles in different social groups, their status in the educational process, positions in educational and professional and sociocultural situations, which is inherent from the necessity to communicate and interact with people.
Comparative Characteristics of the Somatometric Parameters of City School Children of Belarus aged 8-16 Examined in the Period from 1925 to 2010-2012
Authors: Kozakevich N. V. , Melnik V. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the changes of the somatometric parameters of city school children of Belarus aged 8-16 over time in the period from 1925 to 2010-2012.

Material and methods. To study the somatometric parameters, over 2010-2012 the city school children (1423 boys and 1438 girls) aged 8-16 were examined by the method of V. V. Bunak. The following somatometric parameters were measured in the examined schoolchildren: body length and body weight, chest circumference. To assess the changes in the dynamics of the somatometric parameters of the city school children of Belarus over time, the obtained data were compared to the corresponding data obtained by Р. М. Моnоszоn-Luibina in 1925, by S. A. Lialikov and S. D. Orehovy over 1989-1997.

Results. It has been found that the city school children of Belarus examined over 2010-2012 are characterized by higher indices of the somatometric parameters (body length and body weight, chest circumference) (p < 0.05-0.001) as compared to their peers examined in 1925, and 1989-1997.

Conclusion. The comparative analysis of the obtained data has made it possible to establish the presence of the process of acceleration in the city school children of Belarus aged 8-16 at the beginning of the 21st century.
Application of Video-EEG Monitoring in a Baby with a Paroxysmal Condition
Authors: Skuratova N. A. , Pobedin D. A. , Siz M. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to justify the application of video-EEG monitoring in babies with paroxysmal conditions based on the description of a clinical case of a paroxysmal condition in an 11-monthold baby.

Material and methods. The 11-monthold patient Ilya K. having a paroxysmal condition of unknown etiology was directed to be examined at the Neurological Ward of Gomel Regional Children`s Clinical Hospital. According to the data of video-EEG monitoring prescribed to the patient to clarify the nature of the paroxysmal events, the child had had an attack that had occurred suddenly and had been accompanied by impaired consciousness.

Results. Based on the description of the clinical case of the baby examined on the subject of convulsive syndrome of unspecified genesis, the application of video-EEG monitoring has been proved to be as a highly informative and high-tech method for the diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions in pediatrics and pediatric neurology, which makes it possible to make differential diagnosis of seizures in children, thereby verifying the diagnosis.

Conclusion. The diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions in children remains a difficult task for pediatric neurologists and pediatricians and requires an integrated approach, in-depth examination of patients with the application of modern neuroimaging functional methods for the examination of the brain, and video-EEG monitoring can be fundamental in the diagnosis verification. It is necessary to widely introduce this research method in medicine, in particular in functional diagnostics in pediatrics and pediatric neurology, which will help optimize approaches in the diagnosis and management of patients with paroxysmal conditions. The application of video-EEG monitoring will allow to make high quality diagnosis of the disease, and therefore contribute to the rational choice of therapy, including the timely and adequate prescription of antiepileptic therapy.
Remission of Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with the Treatment for Essential Thrombocythemia with Mercaptopurine and Hydroxycarbamide
Authors: Savarina V. A.
Published: November 2021

The article presents a clinical case of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a 64-year-old man suffering from essential thrombocythemia for 10 years. The diagnosis of RA was verified 6 years ago; the patient has not been taking any disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and only has undergone the treatment for thrombocythemia (hydroxycarbamide + mercaptopurine + aspirin). During this time, no activity of rheumatic pathology has been noted, which makes it possible to surmise the achievement of stable clinical and laboratory remission associated with the intake of cytostatics provided that the diagnosis is verified correctly.
First-time Diagnosis of West Nile Fever in Gomel Region
Authors: Krasavtsev E. L. , Razuvanova I. A. , Tereshkova M. E.
Published: November 2021

Currently, West Nile Fever (WNF), which is characterized by a variety of its clinical forms, severity, and high mortality, is becoming common in many countries. There is an increase in the WNF incidence in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The trend of a gradual increase of the WNF incidence in the countries of the European Union (EU) and neighboring countries, which began in 2015, led to an epidemic increase in the incidence, and both imported and local cases of the disease are recorded. The article describes a clinical case of WNF. Due to the lack of awareness and focus on the WNF detection by most doctors, general information about this disease is also provided.
Influence of non-conventional risk factors on peripheral arterial diseases
Authors: Lyzikov A. A. , Kulikovich Y. K. , Sharshakova T. M. , Kulikovich D. B.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the effect of non-conventional risk factors on the progression of peripheral artery diseases.

Material and methods. The study involved 250 patients (76.8 % men (192 patients) and 23.2 % women (58 patients)). The non-conventional risk factors among the patients were identified using the «Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale» (HADS), «Scales for assessing the level of reactive and personal anxiety» (Ch. D. Spilberger, Yu. L. Khanin). The degree of chronic arterial insufficiency was determined in accordance with the classification of Pokrovsky-Fontaine (1985). The statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed by means of the «Statistica» 8.0 program, using the Pearson χ2 criterion. Differences between the groups were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results. A high prevalence rate of personal (95.2% of the patients) and reactive (91.6 % of the patients) anxiety has been revealed among patients with peripheral artery disease. Higher levels of personal and reactive anxiety have been found among patients with critical ischemia threatened by limb loss (group 3) (46.0 (41.0; 50.0); 47.0 (43.0; 51.0), respectively) compared with the values in groups 1 and 2 of the patients.
Сhronic dizziness
Authors: Nak O. V. , Galinovskaya N. V.
Published: November 2021

The literature review highlights modern notions of dizziness. There are three types of the onset of chronic dizziness: originating from vertigo, chronic imbalance, and the one with unknown onset. Foreign researchers mention the most common type of chronic dizziness - persistent postural-perceptual dizziness, which has clear diagnostic criteria. The article considers the causes of occurrence, features of the clinical course, methods of diagnosis, and treatment of dizziness. Some guidelines for the management of patients with this disorder have been given
Mild traumatic brain injury: current point of view on the problem
Authors: Rebko A. A.
Published: November 2021

These article presents the results of an analysis of literary sources dealing with the problems of traumatic brain injury. All the analyzed articles were published in 2019 and placed in the PubMed database. The aim of the article is to analyze the results of recent studies dedicated to the investigation of this problem, acquaintance with the latest trends in this area.
Prognostic factors for the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Kravchenko D. V. , Martinkov V. N. , Pugacheva J. N. , Yarets Y. I. , Silin A. E. , Svirnovsky A. I.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to determine a complex of the most significant prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) for the purpose of evaluation of the probability of the disease progression. Material and methods. The study included 127 CLL patients whose clinical and laboratory parameters (sizes of the lymph nodes, liver and spleen, general and biochemical blood tests, β2-microglobulin, thymidine kinase, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), immunophenotypic markers) had been evaluated at the setting of the diagnosis. As a result of a dynamic followup, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 71 patients who had been observed in the outpatient setting and had had no signs of CLL progression within 3 years of the followup (group 1), and 56 patients with clinical signs of the disease progression that had manifested themselves after 3 years of the followup (group 2). Results. The study has revealed statistically considerable differences (Mann-Whitney test) between the groups in the size of the lymph nodes, liver and spleen, in the Binet stages, leukocyte count, absolute values of lymphocytes, the counts of red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets, as well as the levels of β2-microglobulin, thymidine kinase, TPA, and immunophenotypic markers of CD24, ZAP-70, and CD38 in the blood, which indicates the interconnection of the levels of these parameters at the setting of the diagnosis with subsequent rapid CLL progression. According to the results of the use of logistic regression and Cox regression analysis, 10 parameters showing the strongest interconnection between the progression and 3-year progression free survival (PFS) have been selected. The use of the step-by-step selection of variables has made it possible to formulate a qualitative Cox regression equation including 5 main parameters: β2-microglobulin, thymidine kinase, TPA, ZAP-70, and CD38, which is indicative of the possibility to use this combination of the markers to predict CLL progression. Conclusion: The prognostic value of the complex of the laboratory parameters (β2-microglobulin, thymidine kinase, TPA, ZAP-70, and CD38) has been determined to assess the probability of CLL progression at the setting of the diagnosis, which can be used for the determination of the management tactics and selection of the treatment scheme for these patients.
Results of the treatment of congenital clubfoot and its relapses in children: outcomes of 8-year surgical practical work
Authors: Divovich G. V. , Bronova A. A. , Romanyuk T. I.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to evaluate the results of minimally invasive surgical treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot and its relapses in children. Material and methods. The results of the treatment of 78 children with congenital idiopathic clubfoot (main group) over the period of 2010-2018 were analyzed in comparison with the results of the treatment of 41 children with relapsed congenital clubfoot, the primary treatment of which had been performed before 2010 (comparison group). Results. It has been found that in the treatment of congenital clubfoot using the Ponseti method relapses occur in no more than 21.79 % cases, and in traditional treatment - in 57.74% cases. The surgical treatment of the relapses using the Ponseti method is to perform release operations on the tendon-ligament apparatus from minimally invasive accesses, whereas cases of rigid chronic deformities require extensive releases on soft tissues, as well as resection-arthrodesis interventions on the joints of the foot. Conclusion. In the treatment of children with congenital clubfoot using the Ponseti method, the rate of relapses is twice as low as that in the application of traditional methods. Relapses in the treatment of congenital clubfoot in children occur mainly at the age of 5. Repeated relapses of foot deformation after the performance of minimally invasive operations did not occur during the study.
Institute of surrogacy in modern society. Part 1
Authors: Chechenkova E. V. , Zaryankina A. I.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to define the concept and essence of surrogacy, to study the history of its origin and approaches to solution of fertility problems with its help in different countries of the world, to analyze the attitude of modern generation to surrogacy. Material and methods. To achieve the above objective, various literary sources were analyzed. Also, a sociological survey of 60 students of Gomel State Medical University was conducted. Results. The performed analysis has found historical regularities of the use of surrogacy aimed at procreation since ancient times up till now. The retrospective statistical data of primary and secondary infertility in the world have been given. The modern possibilities of assisted reproductive technologies making it possible for childless families to have their own children have been described. The sociological survey has revealed that most boys and girls - 90 % are «for» using assisted reproductive technologies, and also the majority of the respondents think that it is acceptable to bring up a surrogate child by a single woman (85 %) or man (73 %). However, only 47 % of the respondents agree with the fact that a surrogate child may be raised by homosexual parents. Conclusion. Female and male infertility is a problem that is topical worldwide. Surrogacy is an assisted reproductive technology which in many cases is the only option for people to have their genetic children. In modern society, surrogacy is used by single women and men, including homosexuals. The attitude of modern generation to this fact is positive in most cases.
Clinical parallels in cardiology
Authors: Shut S. A. , Platoshkin E. N. , Tishkov S. P. , Goncharova L. V.
Published: November 2021

Acute coronary syndrome is a complex of symptoms which manifests itself as a chest pain. A diagnostic search in cardialgia requires exclusion of a number of diseases including acute surgical pathology. The patient management strategy and the volume of examinations often not only depend on the time from the beginning of an anginal attack till hospitalization but also on a correct interpretation of the results of the patient's clinical examination.
Aggressive course of bronchial cancer
Authors: Pronevich A. V. , Kovalchuk P. N.
Published: November 2021

The article describes a clinical case of bronchial cancer without radiologic changes. This is often associated with late diagnosis of the disease and a high mortality rate of this pathology.
Generalized cryptococcosis of the internal organs
Authors: Konoplyanik O. V. , Kulchik E. O. , Husakova N. V. , Homolyako A. V.
Published: November 2021

The article presents a clinical case of generalized cryptococcosis of the internal organs in a 62-year-old man and describes morphological changes in the internal organs associated with diffuse fungal dissemination. A feature of the case is multiple damage to the internal organs: lungs, brain and pia mater, liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, spleen, adrenal glands and bone marrow.
Atypical course of acute pancreatitis in a young patient
Authors: Yarmolenko O. A. , Malaeva E. G. , Khudyakov I. A. , Menshakova M. N. , Filitovich A. A. , Dmitrienko A. A. , Kobruseva L. A. , Mamchenko I. L. , Prizentsov A. A.
Published: November 2021

The diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis is the task of surgeons. However, quite often this disease is taking its course in the guise of other surgical or therapeutic pathology. To select the right diagnostic and treatment policy of patient management, it is necessary to keep in mind that there is a possibility of the atypical course of acute pancreatitis.
Development of a method for determining the levels of normalized expression of structural and functional genes in patients with knee joint arthropathy
Authors: Kostiuk S. A. , Poluyan O. S. , Rudenkova T. V. , Benko A. N. , Gerasimenko M. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective : to develop a method of molecular genetic analysis for determining the normalized expression levels of COL2A1, COL6A1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 genes in the biological material of patients with gonarthrosis. Material and methods . The biopsy samples of knee joint cartilage of 10 patients with gonarthrosis were used as a biological material for the study. Nucleic acids were isolated from the samples of the biological material using TRIZol Reagent. Reverse transcription was performed using the SuperScript III reverse transcriptase kit, dNTP and Ribonuclease inhibitor (Invitrogen, USA). Results . The usage of VectorNTI software has made it possible to select pairs of primers (forward and reverse) and TaqMan probes for COL2A1, COL6A1, MMP-2 , and MMP-9 genes, and to study the possibility of the use of the selected pairs of primers and probes for the purpose of identification of each of the studied genes. In-house test systems in the multiplex format have been designed for reference and target genes. Conclusion . High specificity (100 %) of the selected oligonucleotide primer sets was confirmed using the online application NCBI/Blast. The developed molecular genetic method can be applied to determine the normalized expression levels of COL2A1, COL6A1, MMP-2 , and MMP-9 genes in knee joint arthropathy
Comparison of data on locoregional radiofrequency ablation therapy and surgical resection of malignant liver tumors at Gomel regional clinical oncology center
Authors: Murashko K. L. , Kudrashou V. A. , Yurkovskiy A. M.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to perform a comparative analysis of postoperative complications and hospital stay terms of in-patients with malignant liver tumors after atypical liver resection and locoregional radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases.

Material and methods. We analyzed the data of 295 patients with malignant liver tumors who had undergone surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation of tumor nodes.

Results. We have systemized the direct results of locoregional radiofrequency ablation under sonographic control and liver resection. 45 patients (17.8 %) after liver resection and 1 (2.3 %) patient after radiofrequency ablation developed grade III–IV complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. The frequency of complications is statistically significantly lower after radiofrequency ablation. The duration of hospital stay after radiofrequency ablation therapy was 4.5 ± 2.5 days. After surgical liver resection, patients stayed in hospital for 10.7 ± 2.3 days.

Conclusion. Locoregional therapy provides a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of complications and reduces the duration of hospital stay compared to liver surgery.
Biomechanical properties, pathogenetic mechanisms and pathways of infection of tissue-engineered vascular conduits in angiosurgery
Authors: Doroshko Ya. Y. , Lyzikov A. A.
Published: November 2021

We have reviewed scientific publications dealing with the problem of the use of tissue-engineered materials in vascular surgery. The review presents the pros and cons of applicable conduits, describes in detail the biomechanical properties of tissue-engineered vascular conduits. However, the functioning of conduits depends on their ability to mimic the mechanical and biological behave our of the artery. The article describes the transmission of infection to vascular conduits, as well as presents the pathogenetic mechanisms, possible pathways of infections and their concomitance with the description of possible infectious agents, analyzes the ways and methods to improve the functional characteristics of existing tissue-engineered vascular conduits.
On the question of determining a necessity to use conduits of biological origin in reconstructive surgical interventions in acute arterial insufficiency
Authors: Lyzikov A. A. , Kaplan M. L. , Tihmanovich V. E. , Kulikovich Yu. K. , Straltsov V. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to determine a necessity to use grafts of biological origin in patients with acute arterial insufficiency.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 212 medical records of patients with acute arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs undergoing in-patient treatment at the Vascular Surgery Ward of the institution «Gomel Regional Clinical Cardiology Center» from 2007 to 2019 has been carried out. Statistical processing of the study results has been performed using GoogleSheet, Statskingdom. Differences between groups were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results. Surgical interventions were performed on the arteries of the lower limbs in 22.4 % of patients having acute thrombosis in their medical history. In 97.1 % of the cases, repeated surgery was required on the arteries of the same lower limb. Autologous veins were used as conduits in 26.3 % of the cases, and synthetic explants were used in 73.7 % of the patients. Among the total number of surgeries, autologous materials were used as plastic material in 40 % of bypasses, and synthetic explants were used in 60 % of the cases.

Conclusion. The study has shown the necessity to use materials of biological origin as plastic material for the treatment of acute arterial insufficiency.
Intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring of peripheral circulation in surgical decision making in lower extremity arterial disease
Authors: Gorokhovsky S. Yu. , Lyzikov A. A. , Kaplan M. L. , Tihmanovich V. E.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to evaluate the results of correction of lower extremity arterial disease using invasive intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring of peripheral circulation and to assess the influence of this method on selection of surgical tactics.

Material and methods. The outcomes of revascularization were compared in patients of two comparable groups: the patients of the first group had undergone interventions under intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring of peripheral circulation in addition to angiography, and for the patients of the second group a decision about the extent of correction had been made on the basis of angiography without intrapeorational functional evaluation.

Results. The application of the above method made it possible to decrease the length of the performed reconstructions: 90 mm (80; 125) in the first group vs. 70 mm (112.5; 247.5) (p = 0.018) in the second group with a comparable satisfactory outcome. The postoperative ABI values after the interventions in the first and second groups amounted to 0.86 (0.78; 1) and 0.8 (0.7; 0.86), respectively, which was associated with a favorable clinical prognosis in these patients.

Conclusion. The use of invasive intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring makes it possible to decrease the extent of reconstructions in multisegment lesions with the achievement of a satisfactory clinical outcome.
Pathologic continuum in lumbosacral ligamentosis: comparison of sonographic and histologic data
Authors: Yurkovskiy A. M.
Published: November 2021

Objective:to establish sonographic criteria allowing determining the stage of the pathologic continuum in lumbosacral ligamentosis.

Material and methods.The sonographic data were compared with the results of the morphological studies of the samples of the iliolumbar ligaments, long dorsal sacroiliac ligaments, and sacrotuberous ligaments in 100 corpses. The age range of the studied subjects was 25–90 years. Among them, there were 64 men (average age 62.4 ± 11.8 years) and 36 women (average age 58.8 ± 15.1 years). Sonography of the ligament samples was performed in Bmode and using Multi-Slice View technology (Voluson 730 Expert and Toshiba Aplio XG ultrasound scanner, scanning frequency — 16–18 MHz).

Results.A sonographic pattern inherent in the stage of adaptive changes, the stage of potentially reversible changes, and the stage of irreversible changes has been determined.

Conclusion.Sonography can be used for a sufficiently accurate assessment of the stage of the pathologic continuum in lumbosacral ligamentosis.
JUVENILE NASOPHARYNGEALANGIOFIBROMA: OUR EXPERIENCE AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Adeel Niaz  , Muhammad Iqbal  , Muhammad Ilyas  , Ghulam Dastgir Khan  , Riaz Ahmed Shahid  , Muhammad Tariq
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign vasculartumor.It is commonly found in teen age males. Its site of origin is sphenopalatine foramen. Exact pathogenesis of angiofibroma is not known. It has predictable natural history and growth pattern. This tumor most often involves nasopharynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa. It can also involve orbit and can spread intracranially. Its very important to diagnose this tumor very early on the basis of clinical examination and imaging. As early tumor confined to nose and sinuses can be removed exclusively with endoscope. It is very helpful to do angiography before surgery to ascertain itsblood supply and then embolization can be done to reduce intraoperative bleeding. Objective: To describe our experience of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma cases in ENT Unit-I of Lahore General Hospital. Study Design: Descriptive Study with retrospective analysis after approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of LGH/PGMI/AMC Lahore. Methods: We studied 20 patients who underwent surgery in our department from October 2019 to October 2020. We analyzed following factors: age, gender, symptoms, staging, mode of surgery and need for intraoperative blood transfusion, hospital stay, complications and recurrences. Results: Range of patient’s age was 12 to 25 years. Eight patients underwent surgery with endoscope. Mean blood loss was about 400 ml and mean operating time was 140 minutes. All the cases were embolized preoperatively. Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery is a safe and effective method in early stage JNA patients. While patients with advance stage tumors should be managed with combined endoscopic and conventional open approaches.

KEYWORDS: juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, JNA, endoscopic surgery
UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF REACTIVE ARTHRITIS AFTER SALMONELLA ENTERITIS IN A 6-YEAR-OLD BOY
Authors: Akhtar Samina , Yawar Faiz Belqees , Bhinder Khurram Khaliq , Gul Salma , A.Khan Ijaz , Saeed Wahla Madiha
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT:

Reactive arthritis, formerly called Reiter’s syndrome is extra-articular oligoarthropathy, which can be due to bacterial infection or genetic predisposition. The infections are either urogenital (chlamydia being most notorious) or gastrointestinal (e.g. salmonella, yersinia, etc.). The human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B27) antigen has been implicated as the most common predisposing factor. Reactive arthritis often involves the joints of the lower limb. Bacterial enteric infections are a potential threat in a Pediatric population that can be due to an acute illness or its sequelae. Reactive arthritis following outbreaks of enteric infections with Salmonella is uncommon in the pediatric population. We report a rare case of a 6 years old boy who came to ER with high-grade fever and severe pain in the right iliac fossa. Clinical diagnosis of appendicitis was made by the physicians on physical exam but after radio-pathological investigation like CBC, ESR, CRP, Blood culture, USG abdomen, CT abdomen, and MRI, diagnosis of reactive arthritis secondary to salmonella enteritis was made and the patient underwent right hip arthrotomy after which he was discharged. Thus, imaging played a pivotal role in the right diagnosis of a patient with proper management guidelines. This also showed that salmonella enteritis can present atypically mimicking septic arthritis or acute appendicitis. Reactive arthritis after salmonella infection is a very rare and one of its kind case reported in Pakistan.
SERUM VISFATIN, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND BETA CELL FUNCTION IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS AND NON-DIABETIC ADULT OFFSPRING WITH POSITIVE PARENTAL HISTORY OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Tashfeen Ikram  , Muniza Saeed  , Sabiha Iqbal  , Zunairah Hamayun  , Hifza Noor Lodhi  , Shaheena Naz
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

Non-diabetic individuals with type II diabetic parents are more susceptible to develop Diabetes. Visfatin; an adipocytokine and an enzyme is linked with glucose metabolism and affected by obesity. It works like insulin in the human body.  It serves as a key enzyme in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis and plays a pivotal role in glucose mediated insulin secretion.

Aims and Objectives: In this study we aimed to determine and compare serum visfatin levels, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-%B) of type II diabetic patients and non-diabetic adult offspring of type II diabetic parents with that of non-diabetic adult offspring of non-diabetic parents.

Material and methods

It was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted at Diabetes clinic of Lahore General Hospital (LGH) and department of Physiology, Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI), Lahore in 2018. The study groups included thirty type II diabetic subjects (group III) and forty non-diabetic adult offspring of type II diabetic parents (group II). Forty non-diabetic adult offspring of non-diabetic parents served as controls (group I). The subjects were of thirty to fifty years of age. Blood pressure, BMI and waist circumference of every subject was measured. Fasting blood samples of the subjects were analyzed for serum insulin, glucose and visfatin. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) and beta cell function (HOMA-%β) were also calculated.

Results

Type II diabetics (group III) had significantly higher serum visfatin, HOMA-IR, and lower HOMA-%S as compared to the controls (group I). No significant difference was found between HOMA-%B of group III and controls. On the contrary, non-diabetic adult offspring of type II diabetic parents (group II) had significantly lower serum visfatin and HOMA-%S while HOMA-%β, HOMA-IR was significantly higher in comparison to the control group (group I).

Conclusion

Visfatin production seems suppressed in non-diabetic individuals with type II diabetic parents probably due to hyperinsulinemia. Moreover, it has a little role in insulin secretion in these individuals as reflected by their higher HOMA-%B index. However, visfatin’s upregulation in chronic hyperglycemia is indicative of its restorative role in the declined beta-cell function in type II diabetics.
ASSESSMENT OF VARIATIONS IN SPHENOID SINUS PNEUMATIZATION IN PAKISTANI POPULATION AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL. A RETROSPECTIVE MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Mahboob Ahmed  , Neelam Raheel  , Saira Bilal  , Nighat Haroon
Published: November 2021

Aim:

The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of computed tomography in identifying the various pattern of pneumatization in the sphenoid sinuses.Knowledge  of pattern of pneumatization is essential for various trans-sphenoidal surgical procedures. Methodology:

This is a retrospective study conducted at tertiary care hospital Lahore General Hospital Department of Diagnostic Radiology from the period of June 2020 to December 2020.The study consisted of a total of  80 patients from age group of 20 years to 70 years who were referred to the Department of Diagnostic Radiology for CT scan(PNS) .Patients of age less than 20 years , previous facial surgeries , trauma of skull base and having tumor of sphenoid sinuses were excluded. Sphenoid sinuses images were evaluated for pneumatization by posterior and anterior  extensions.

RESULTS:

The patients included were in the age range of 20-70 year with an average age of 43.5 year  in which 44 (55%) were male and 36(45) were female The pneumatization pattern observed in the sphenoid sinuses in descending order was as follows , post sellar prevalence was 75%, prevalence of  sellar was 10% and 2.5% was presellar. Conchal prevelance was observed to be 0%.

Conclusion:

Sphenoid  sinus anatomy review before trans-sphenoidal surgery is vital for safer endoscopic instrumentation of the patients .

Keyword: Sphenoid sinus, pneumatization, cerebral fluid leak, endoscopy
LA GEOPOLÍTICA ESPAÑOLA EN EL ENTORNO DE ANUAL
Authors: Cabello Rodriguez Jose Luis
Published: November 2021

El estudio de la derrota española en las operaciones de Annual se ha enmarcado en un esfuerzo militar indeterminado. Siguiendo la estela del Expediente Picasso se han buscado las responsabilidades militares, como si la presencia española en Marruecos respondiese a una decisión exclusivamente militar, llevada a cabo por militares y todo al margen de la sociedad española, excepto una reducidísima clase dirigente. Sin embargo, esta visión obvia que España no es una burbuja donde las decisiones estratégicas se tomen de forma aislada del sistema estratégico vigente en nuestro entorno en cada momento. El objeto de este artículo es analizar cuáles fueron las influencias externas que llevaron España a Marruecos y condicionaron el desarrollo de las operaciones  lo que es fundamental para una comprensión de los acontecimientos y de su desarrollo posterior.
Adiabatic Compression of Ideal Collisionless Gas in One-Dimensional Space
Authors: Быковских Д. А. , Галкин В. А.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается задача об адиабатическом сжатии бесстолкновительного газа с подвижной и неподвижной границами в одномерном пространстве. Для этой задачи получен класс точных решений. Идея нахождения класса точных решений заключается в определении плотности распределения молекул в пространстве координат и скоростей с течением времени. Поскольку пространство скоростей дискретное, то для вычисления макроскопических величин необходимо суммировать плотность распределения частиц по скоростям. Представлены результаты сравнения численного исследования методом Монте-Карло и аналитического решения задачи при различном числе частиц и скоростях движения стенки. Выполнена оценка погрешностей результатов. Полученный класс аналитического решения можно использовать для верификации комплексов программ.

The study focuses on adiabatic compression of collisionless gas with moving and fixedboundaries in onedimensionalspace. A class of exact solutions is found. The key concept for findingthese exact solutions is the determination of the molecule distribution density in the coordinate and velocityspaces over time. Since the velocity space is discrete, the particle velocity distribution density is integratedover the velocities to obtain the macroscopic gas properties. The analytical solution and numerical MonteCarlo solution results are compared for different particle numbers and boundary velocities, and the errorsare performed. The class of exact solutions can be used for software verification.
Research Community Analytic Tool Based on Topic Modeling and Network Analysis
Authors: Девицын И. Н. , Савин И. В.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается новый инструмент анализа научных сообществ с использованием методов моделирования тем и теории графов. Результаты применения предложенного нами подхода представлены для публикаций авторов, аффилированных с Сургутским государственным университетом в Scopus за период 1995–2021 гг. Разработанный инструмент позволяет определять основные направления научных исследований, выявлять передовые коллективы научных работников по отдельным направлениям, а также анализировать взаимосвязи научных коллективов. Представлены результаты распределения публикаций по времени, девяти основным темам, расчет метрик графов соавторства, построенных на основе исследуемого набора данных. В будущем разработанный подход можно применить для оценки научно-исследовательского потенциала научных организаций, для оперативного определения направлений научных исследований, выявления передовых коллективов и научных работников по перспективным направлениям.

The study presents a new research community analytical tool based on topic modeling and methods from graph theory. The results of the proposed approach are presented for Scopusindexed publications by the authors affiliated with Surgut State University in 1995–2021. The tool makes it possible to determine the key research areas, identify the leading research teams in certain areas and analyze the relationships between these teams. The paper includes the distribution of publications over time, nine main areas of publications, and a range of metrics for the coauthorship graphs of the studied dataset. In the future, the tool can be applied to assess the potential of research organizations, select the research areas, and identify the leading research teams and researchers in promising areas.
Deep Learning for Solving Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Епифанов А. А.
Published: November 2021

Глубокие нейронные сети стремительно развиваются в связи со значительным прогрессом в технологиях производительных вычислений. В данной работе рассматривается применение подходов, в основе которых лежит использование глубоких нейронных сетей, для решения дифференциальных уравнений в частных производных. Приводится пример численного решения уравнения Пуассона в двухмерной области методом Галеркина с глубокими нейронными сетями.

Recently deep learning networks made huge progress due to the advances in highperformance computing technologies. This study covers a range of approaches to solving partial differential equations with deep learning. An example of solving the Poisson equation in a twodimensional domain using the Galerkin method with deep neural networks is presented.
Testing the Magnetohydrodynamic Analysis Software with Natural Convection and Geodynamo Problems
Authors: Бычин И. В.
Published: November 2021

В рамках метода контрольного объема разработан программный код для численного решения задач неидеальной магнитной гидродинамики вязкой несжимаемой жидкости на структурированных разнесенных сетках в сферических координатах. При дискретизации уравнения индукции магнитного поля использован алгоритм ограниченного переноса (Сonstrained Transport Algorithm) и схема QUICK с методом отложенной коррекции для аппроксимации конвективных членов. Для решения уравнений гидродинамики использован алгоритм SIMPLER. Программный код разработан для моделирования естественной конвекции и гидромагнитного динамо во вращающемся шаре или сферическом слое. Представлены результаты решения тестовых задач естественной конвекции и геодинамо с вакуумными граничными условиями, демонстрирующие достаточно точное соответствие результатам эталонных расчетов. Программное обеспечение разработано для ускорителей вычислений, поддерживающих технологию CUDA, с использованием набора расширений к языку программирования Фортран. 

Using the control volume method we developed the software for the numerical solution of viscous incompressible fluid resistive magnetohydrodynamics problems on structured staggered meshes in spherical coordinates. The constrained transport algorithm and the QUICK method with delayed correction for the approximation of the convective terms were used for the discretization of the magnetic field induction equation. The SIMPLER algorithm was applied to solving the hydrodynamic equations. We developed software for modeling natural convection and the hydromagnetic dynamo in a rotating sphere or spherical shell. We proposed an algorithm for the numerical solution of the geodynamo problem with vacuum boundary conditions. The results of solving natural convection and geodynamo benchmark problems with vacuum boundary conditions are presented; they demonstrate a fairly accurate agreement with the reference calculations. The software supports CUDA-enabled accelerators and uses a set of extensions to the Fortran programming language.
Chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles and the implications on light absorption enhancement
Authors: Sun Jiaxing , Sun Yele , Xie Conghui , Xu Weiqi , Chen Chun , Wang Zhe , Li Lei , Du Xubing , Huang Fugui , Li Yan , Li Zhijie , Pan Xiaole , Ma Nan , Xu Wanyun , Fu Pingqing , Wang Zifa
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The radiative forcing of black carbon (BC) depends strongly on its mixing state in different chemical environments. Here, we analyzed the chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles by using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer and investigated their impacts on light absorption enhancement (Eabs) at an urban (Beijing) and a rural site (Gucheng) in North China Plain. While the BC was dominantly mixed with organic carbon (OC), nitrate and sulfate at both urban and rural sites, the rural site showed much higher fraction of BC coated with OC and nitrate (36 % vs. 15 – 20 %). Moreover, the BC mixing state evolved significantly as a function of relative humidity with largely increased coatings of OC-nitrate and nitrate at high RH levels. By linking with the bulk composition of organic aerosol (OA), we found that the OC coated on BC comprised dominantly secondary OA in Beijing, while primary and secondary OA were similarly important in Gucheng. Furthermore, Eabs was highly dependent on the secondary inorganic aerosol coated on BC at both sites, while the coated primary OC also resulted in an Eabs of ~1.2 for relatively fresh BC particles at the rural site. Positive matrix factorization analysis was performed to quantify the impact of different mixing state on Eabs. Our results showed the small Eabs (1.06 ~ 1.11) for BC particles from fresh primary emissions, while the Eabs increased significantly above 1.3 when BC was aged rapidly with increased coatings of OC-nitrate or nitrate, and it can reach above 1.4 as sulfate was involved in BC aging.
A high-accuracy rainfall dataset by merging multiple satellites and dense gauges over the southern Tibetan Plateau for 2014–2019 warm seasons
Authors: Li Kunbiao , Tian Fuqiang , Khan Mohd Yawar Ali , Xu Ran , He Zhihua , Yang Long , Lu Hui , Ma Yingzhao
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Tibetan Plateau (TP) is well known as Asia's water tower from where many
large rivers originate. However, due to complex spatial variability in
climate and topography, there is still a lack of a high-quality rainfall
dataset for hydrological modeling and flood prediction. This study
therefore aims to establish a high-accuracy daily rainfall product through
merging rainfall estimates from three satellites, i.e., GPM-IMERG, GSMaP
and CMORPH, based on a high-density rainfall gauge network. The new merged daily rainfall dataset with a spatial
resolution of 0.1∘ focuses on warm seasons (10 June–31 October) from 2014 to 2019. Statistical evaluation indicated that
the new dataset outperforms the raw satellite estimates, especially in terms
of rainfall accumulation and the detection of ground-based rainfall events.
Hydrological evaluation in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin demonstrated high
performance of the merged rainfall dataset in providing accurate and robust
forcings for streamflow simulations. The new rainfall dataset additionally
shows superiority to several other products of similar types, including
MSWEP and CHIRPS. This new rainfall dataset is publicly accessible at
https://doi.org/10.11888/Hydro.tpdc.271303 (Li and Tian, 2021).