bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The freeze-avoiding mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) survives prolonged exposure to stressful cold by mitigating ionoregulatory collapse
Authors: Andersen Mads Kuhlmann , Roe Amanda Diane , Liu Yuehong , Musso Antonia E. , Fudlosid Serita , Haider Fouzia , Evenden Maya L. , MacMillan Heath A.
Published: April 2024

Insect performance is linked to environmental temperature, and surviving through winter represents a key challenge for temperate, alpine and polar species. To overwinter, insects have adapted a range of strategies to become truly cold hardy. However, although the mechanisms underlying the ability to avoid or tolerate freezing have been well studied, little attention has been given to the challenge of maintaining ion homeostasis at frigid temperatures in these species, despite this limiting cold tolerance for insects susceptible to mild chilling. Here, we investigated how prolonged exposure to temperatures just above the supercooling point affects ion balance in freeze-avoidant mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) larvae in autumn, mid-winter and spring, and related it to organismal recovery times and survival. Hemolymph ion balance was gradually disrupted during the first day of exposure, characterized by hyperkalemia and hyponatremia, after which a plateau was reached and maintained for the rest of the 7-day experiment. The degree of ionoregulatory collapse correlated strongly with recovery times, which followed a similar asymptotical progression. Mortality increased slightly during extensive cold exposures, where hemolymph K+ concentration was highest, and a sigmoidal relationship was found between survival and hyperkalemia. Thus, the cold tolerance of the freeze-avoiding larvae of D. ponderosae appears limited by the ability to prevent ionoregulatory collapse in a manner similar to that of chill-susceptible insects, albeit at much lower temperatures. Based on these results, we propose that a prerequisite for the evolution of insect freeze avoidance may be a convergent or ancestral ability to maintain ion homeostasis during extreme cold stress.
Hypoxia impairs blood glucose homeostasis in naked mole-rat adult subordinates but not queens
Authors: Ojaghi Mohammad , Pamenter Matthew E.
Published: April 2024

Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and metabolize only carbohydrates in hypoxia. Glucose is the primary building block of dietary carbohydrates, but how blood glucose is regulated during hypoxia has not been explored in NMRs. We hypothesized that NMRs mobilize glucose stores to support anaerobic energy metabolism in hypoxia. To test this, we treated newborn, juvenile and adult (subordinate and queen) NMRs in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (7, 5 or 3% O2), while measuring metabolic rate, body temperature and blood [glucose]. We also challenged animals with glucose, insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) injections and measured the rate of glucose clearance in normoxia and hypoxia. We found that: (1) blood [glucose] increases in moderate hypoxia in queens and pups, but only in severe hypoxia in adult subordinates and juveniles; (2) glucose tolerance is similar between developmental stages in normoxia, but glucose clearance times are 2- to 3-fold longer in juveniles and subordinates than in queens or pups in hypoxia; and (3) reoxygenation accelerates glucose clearance in hypoxic subordinate adults. Mechanistically, (4) insulin and IGF-1 reduce blood [glucose] in subordinates in both normoxia but only IGF-1 impacts blood [glucose] in hypoxic queens. Our results indicate that insulin signaling is impaired by hypoxia in NMRs, but that queens utilize IGF-1 to overcome this limitation and effectively regulate blood glucose in hypoxia. This suggests that sexual maturation impacts blood glucose handling in hypoxic NMR queens, which may allow queens to spend longer periods of time in hypoxic nest chambers.
The Welfare Effects of Vertical Integration in China’s Movie Industry
Authors: Chen Luming , Yi Lisa Xuejie , Yu Chuan
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the welfare effects of vertical integration in China’s movie industry. We leverage data covering all theaters and 423 popular movies in China during 2014–2018. We find no evidence of integrated movies being foreclosed to rival theaters. Integrated theaters show movies for longer, allocate more screenings, and charge lower prices. We estimate a model of consumers’ demand and theaters’ screening decisions. Integrated theaters internalize a substantial fraction of their upstream companies’ profits. Vertical integration mitigates distortions from revenue-sharing contracts and steers demand favoring integrated movies. Overall, vertical integration increases consumer surplus with considerable heterogeneity across markets. (JEL D12, D22, L22, L82, O14, P23)
The Fake News Effect: Experimentally Identifying Motivated Reasoning Using Trust in News
Authors: Thaler Michael
Published: April 2024

Motivated reasoning posits that people distort how they process information in the direction of beliefs they find attractive. This paper creates a novel experimental design to identify motivated reasoning from Bayesian updating when people have preconceived beliefs. It analyzes how subjects assess the veracity of information sources that tell them the median of their belief distribution is too high or too low. Bayesians infer nothing about the source veracity, but motivated beliefs are evoked. Evidence supports politically motivated reasoning about immigration, income mobility, crime, racial discrimination, gender, climate change, and gun laws. Motivated reasoning helps explain belief biases, polarization, and overconfidence. (JEL C91, D12, D72, D83, D91, L82)
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 uses a specific tRNAProisodecoder to prime reverse transcription
Authors: Syu Yu-Ci , Hatterschide Joshua , Budding Christina R. , Tang Yingke , Musier-Forsyth Karin
Published: April 2024

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the only oncogenic human retrovirus discovered to date. All retroviruses are believed to use a host cell tRNA to prime reverse transcription (RT). In HTLV-1, the primer-binding site (PBS) in the genomic RNA is complementary to the 3′ 18 nucleotides (nt) of human tRNAPro. The human genome encodes 20 cytoplasmic tRNAProgenes representing seven isodecoders, all of which share the same 3′ 18 nt sequence but vary elsewhere. Whether all tRNAProisodecoders are used to prime RT in cells is unknown. A previous study showed that a 3′ 18 nt tRNAPro-derived fragment (tRFPro) is packaged into HTLV-1 particles and can serve as an RT primer in vitro. The role of this tRNA fragment in the viral life cycle is unclear. In retroviruses, N1-methylation of the tRNA primer at position A58 (m1A) is essential for successful plus-strand transfer. Using primer-extension assays performed in chronically HTLV-1-infected cells, we found that A58 of tRNAProis m1A-modified, implying that full-length tRNAProis capable of facilitating successful plus-strand transfer. Analysis of HTLV-1 RT primer extension products indicated that full-length tRNAProis likely to be the primer. To determine which tRNAProisodecoder is used as the RT primer, we sequenced the minus-strand strong-stop RT product containing the intact tRNA primer and established that HTLV-1 primes RT using a specific tRNAProUGG isodecoder. Further studies are required to understand how this primer is annealed to the highly structured HTLV-1 PBS and to investigate the role of tRFProin the viral life cycle.
LiftoffTools: a toolkit for comparing gene annotations mapped between genome assemblies
Authors: Shumate Alaina , Salzberg Steven
Published: April 2024

In 2020 we published Liftoff, which was the first standalone tool specifically designed for transferring gene annotations between genome assemblies of the same or closely related species. While the gene content is expected to be very similar in closely related genomes, the differences may be biologically consequential, and a computational method to extract all gene-related differences should prove useful in the analysis of such genomes. Here we present LiftoffTools, a toolkit to automate the detection and analysis of gene sequence variants, synteny, and gene copy number changes.  We provide a description of the toolkit and an example of its use comparing genes mapped between two human genome assemblies.
Creating cloud platforms for supporting FAIR data management in biomedical research projects.
Authors: Jentsch Marcel , Schneider-Lunitz Valentin , Taron Ulrike , Braun Martin , Ishaque Naveed , Wagener Harald , Conrad Christian , Twardziok Sven
Published: April 2024

Biomedical research projects are becoming increasingly complex and require technological solutions that support all phases of the data lifecycle and application of the FAIR principles. At the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), we have developed and established a flexible and cost-effective approach to building customized cloud platforms for supporting research projects. The approach is based on a microservice architecture and on the management of a portfolio of supported services. On this basis, we created and maintained cloud platforms for several international research projects. In this article, we present our approach and argue that building customized cloud platforms can offer multiple advantages over using multi-project platforms. Our approach is transferable to other research environments and can be easily adapted by other projects and other service providers.
Systematic literature review with meta-analysis on essential oil interventions for agitated behavior in dementia patients
Authors: Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Rampengan Derren David Christian Homenta , Willyanto Sebastian Emmanuel , Puling Imke Maria Del Rosario , Kumalawati Dian Aruni , Syamsuddin Saidah , Lele Juan Alessandro Jeremis Maruli Nura , Pertiwi Junita Maja , Subagya Jonathan Christianto , Permatasari Happy Kurnia , Syahputra Rony Abdi , Mayulu Nelly , Tjandrawinata Raymond R. , Nurkolis Fahrul
Published: April 2024

Introduction Essential oil treatment has been explored as a potential alternative medicine, as these therapies can induce calming and sedative effects by acting on the neuro-limbic system and upregulating neurotransmitter synthesis. Objectives This paper aims to assess the impact of essential oil interventions on aggressive behavior in people with dementia. Methods The literature search was carried out through six databases. The outcomes of interest were the survival risk and post-treatment score of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and Quality of Life (QoL). Quality appraisal was done using RoB 2.0, while meta-analysis was done using RevMan 5.4. This systematic review has been registered to the PROSPERO database (CRD42023476844). Results We analyzed 11 included studies with 1,418 patients. RoB 2.0 analysis resulted in eight low-risk-of-bias and three high-risk-of-bias studies. This study suggests that essential oil interventions lead to statistically significant improvements in survival risk with moderate heterogeneity [OR = 0.63 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.98, p = 0.04; I2 = 74%)]. This study also found a significant improvement in NPI scores following the use of essential oils [SMD = -2.97 (95% CI = -5.61, -0.32, p = 0.03; I2 = 98%)], but no statistically significant improvements were found in CMAI scores [SMD = 0.17 (95% CI = 0.37, 0.71, p = 0.53; I2 = 74%)]. The QoL assessment showed a trend favoring the control group after implementing essential oil treatments [SMD = 4.89 (95% CI = 1.51, 8.27, p = 0.005; I2 = 98%)]. Conclusions Essential oil is a potential approach in alleviating the agitated behavior of dementia patients considering its survival risk and some parameters, such as NPI, CMAI, and QoL score. However, more studies regarding essential oils on these parameters should be done, especially studies with specific main ingredients of the essential oil.
How cAN we grow research in community-baseD NHS and SociaL CarE Services (HANDLE)?
Authors: Tajuria Gulshan , Gray Lauren , Warburton Louise , Lambley-Burke Ruth , Burt Christine , Maidment Ian
Published: April 2024

Background Community-based NHS and social care services offer a wide range of health and social care services, including General Practice, care homes, hospices, community pharmacies, district and community nursing, and mental health services, which provide care from birth to the end of life. However, despite being fundamental to plans for health and critical social care, community-based NHS health services are poorly understood compared to hospital-based services. A scoping exercise failed to identify any specific research examining the barriers and facilitators of community-based NHS and social care services. Objectives 1) To develop a qualitative framework using semi-structured interviews to explore the perspectives and experiences of the research staff and practitioners. 2) To explore how we can build research on community-based NHS and Social Care services using the perspectives and experiences of the research participants. 3) To make recommendations to clinicians, practitioners, policymakers, and funding organizations on how to build research in community-based NHS and Social Care Services. Methods With reference to the literature and input from the project team and key stakeholders, interviews will be conducted using a semi-structured topic guide. The interview guide will identify barriers and facilitators to researching community-based NHS health and social services. Outcomes The intended outcomes of this study could help in understanding and developing strategies to address workforce needs to increase the capacity and capability of research delivery. Further, to embed a research culture in community-based NHS and social care services by supporting collaborative work between primary, secondary, community, and social care to build research capacity and capability; reach underserved communities and increase local engagement and participation in research; and increase equality, diversity, and inclusion by adding research in community-based NHS and social care services where everyone lives.
The frailty among suburban elderly population after one-year COVID-19 pandemic in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Zein Ahmad Fariz Malvi Zamzam , Pratiwi Witri , Dohana Naswidi
Published: April 2024

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had significant impacts worldwide, especially among older adults. Frailty is a determinant of susceptibility to morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 in the elderly. This study aimed to determine frailty status and identify factors associated with the suburban elderly population in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia, after the one-year COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 60 years was conducted in Klangenan, Cirebon Regency, Indonesia, from March to June 2021. A questionnaire was used to determine the baseline characteristics of participants, healthcare access, comorbidity, and frailty status. The Ina-FRAIL scale was used to determine the frailty status (frail/non-frail). The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between independent variables and frailty. Results A total of 383 participants were recruited, with a median age of 67 (IQR 64-73) years. The prevalence of frailty in the present study was 10.2%. Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR 2.73; 95%CI 1.21-6.12), multimorbidity (OR 7.86; 95% CI 3.01-20.57) and financial dependence (OR 13.40, 95% CI 5.66-31.73) were significantly associated with frailty. Conclusion One-year COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable burden on frailty among the suburban elderly population in Indonesia. The factors associated with frailty were age, multimorbidity, and financial dependence.
Legal framework for AI applications
Authors: Balas Hashim , Shatnawi Reem
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), the most widespread technological term, has become an integral part of human daily life. People are becoming increasingly dependent on AI-powered devices; thus, it is now essential to have a legal framework to oversee artificial intelligence's various uses and legal peculiarities. As artificial intelligence has entered all areas of life and into various sectors, which requires examining in detail the legal nature of artificial intelligence, determining the laws that must be applied to it, and identifying the people or entities responsible for it to determine the scope of their responsibilities for the resulting damages that may be caused to others as a result of the use of intelligence. Artificial, this research aimed to examine the adequacy of the legal rules in Jordanian legislation regulating the provisions of artificial intelligence in light of the diversity of its applications and its different legal nature. The research is divided into two chapters. The first chapter presents the concept of artificial intelligence, and the second chapter discusses the legal liability of artificial intelligence. The results of the research revealed that the Jordanian legislator did not specify the legal nature of the artificial intelligence and contented himself with stipulating it in separate texts, Legal liability resulting from utilizing artificial intelligence systems can be challenged under regulations of the defect in manufacturing, responsibility for guarding things, and the distinction between responsibilities due to the degree of independence and intelligence of artificial intelligence, In determining the liability of artificial intelligence, the legislator should consider the types of artificial intelligence systems, their different capabilities, and their independence from humans, The process of enacting special laws regulating all aspects of artificial intelligence must be expedited. This law should be characterized by flexibility that enables it to keep pace with and rapid development witnessed in this field.
Automatic Identification of Hate Speech – A Case-Study of alt-Right YouTube Videos
Authors: Eddebo Johan , Hietanen Mika , Johansson Mathias
Published: April 2024

Background Identifying hate speech (HS) is a central concern within online contexts. Current methods are insufficient for efficient preemptive HS identification. In this study, we present the results of an analysis of automatic HS identification applied to popular alt-right YouTube videos. Methods This essay describes methodological challenges of automatic HS detection. The case study concerns data on a formative segment of contemporary radical right discourse. Our purpose is twofold. (1) To outline an interdisciplinary mixed-methods approach for using automated identification of HS. This bridges the gap between technical research on the one hand (such as machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, NLP) and traditional empirical research on the other. Regarding alt-right discourse and HS, we ask: (2) What are the challenges in identifying HS in popular alt-right YouTube videos? Results The results indicate that effective and consistent identification of HS communication necessitates qualitative interventions to avoid arbitrary or misleading applications. Binary approaches of hate/non-hate speech tend to force the rationale for designating content as HS. A context-sensitive qualitative approach can remedy this by bringing into focus the indirect character of these communications. The results should interest researchers within social sciences and the humanities adopting automatic sentiment analysis and for those analysing HS and radical right discourse. Conclusions Automatic identification or moderation of HS cannot account for an evolving context of indirect signification. This study exemplifies a process whereby automatic hate speech identification could be utilised effectively. Several methodological steps are needed for a useful outcome, with both technical quantitative processing and qualitative analysis being vital to achieve meaningful results. With regard to the alt-right YouTube material, the main challenge is indirect framing. Identification demands orientation in the broader discursive context and the adaptation towards indirect expressions renders moderation and suppression ethically and legally precarious.
Interior frontiers and highly skilled migrants' work-related challenges in Japan
Authors: Morita Liang
Published: April 2024

In this opinion article, the author argues that highly skilled migrants in Japan face many challenges and are ineffectively used due to the existence of interior frontiers. Although interior frontiers are more subtle than the external boundaries these migrants have had to cross to enter the country, they have tremendous power over their everyday lives. Ethnocentric attitudes, influenced by Nihonjinron, have contributed to the existence of these frontiers. They emphasise homogeneity instead of flexibility and accommodation, and exist in the workplace. Employers want a homogeneous workplace and highly skilled migrants face strong pressures to assimilate. There is also an insistence on Japanese human resource practices such as seniority-based pay and promotion. An interior frontier also exists in the hiring process, and migrants are less likely to progress beyond the first round of interviews. With Japan’s rapidly aging and declining population and acute labour shortages, there is urgency in addressing these frontiers.
A bibliometric review of functional ingredients and their efficacy in developing functional biscuits
Authors: Vishwakarma Kshama , Chandra Sekaran Varalakshmi , Patwardhan Vidya , Kamath Asha
Published: April 2024

Introduction Recent studies have found that functional biscuits are becoming increasingly popular as a convenient and nutritious food option. Numerous studies have concluded that the functional ingredients which impart functional properties to biscuits are beneficial for human consumption and can be incorporated into functional biscuits. However, there is a lack of information on essential functional ingredients that can be used to develop functional biscuits. This bibliometric study addresses this gap by identifying the current research trends in functional ingredients to develop functional biscuits. Objective To investigate current research trends on functional ingredients and their effectiveness in developing functional biscuits. Method The study followed the “Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews” standards for retrieving literature. The study went through three major stages, “assembling”, “arranging”, and “assessing” to retrieve 612 articles from the Scopus database from 2013 to 2023. Through further filtering, 395 articles were selected. Result The analysis was conducted using R Studio and VOS viewer. The performance analysis and science mapping tools were used to evaluate the articles. The results showed a 5.76% annual growth in publication trends. The most researched functional ingredients were antioxidants, bioactive compounds, and dietary fiber. The review summarized the most studied foods to develop functional biscuits and highlighted the most experimented technological advancements. Conclusion The study revealed an increasing interest in developing functional biscuits and the need for further research to improve their effectiveness and sensory properties. Further, there is a need to determine the impact of technology on extracting functional ingredients from foods, so they can be incorporated into functional biscuits.
Views and opinions regarding e-cigarettes and vaping: a focus group study in South Australia
Authors: Munn Zachary , Moore Leigh
Published: April 2024

Background The use of e-cigarettes has become increasingly prevalent and of public health concern. In order to evaluate and plan public health policy, it is important to understand the issue as understood by the community. This study describes the perspectives and views of a small group of South Australian adults who do not use e-cigarettes. Methods A semi-structured focus group interview was conducted, using a question guide to stimulate discussion. Data were analysed using a descriptive qualitative approach. Results Five participants, aged 35-39 years, and one moderator were involved in the focus group. Six themes relating to participant perspectives were developed: Vaping for social reasons, vaping is superior to cigarettes, attraction of vaping, vaping is invasive and pervasive, addiction and impacts of vaping and prevention and cessation of vaping. Conclusion The views of this group add to those of other studies and help provide context for public health workers and policy makers regarding public health messaging, interventions, and legislation regarding vaping.
Analysis of prescription pattern and adverse drug reactions of drugs used in Urinary Tract Infection in reproductive age group (15-44 years) women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India: An observational retrospective study
Authors: Patil Gayatri , Varma Sushil
Published: April 2024

Background Urinary tract infection is considered a common bacterial infection. Nowadays there is an increase in the irrational and inappropriate use of drugs. Adverse drug reactions have been reported to be a main cause of morbidity, hospital admission, and sometimes death. For this, it is very important to do the analysis of prescriptions and to see the adverse drug reactions due to the prescribed drugs. Objective 1. To determine the prescribing pattern of drugs used in urinary tract infections of the reproductive age group (15-44). 2. To identify adverse reactions due to drugs used for UTI of reproductive age group (15-44). 3. To observe the pattern of combination therapy for urinary tract patients of reproductive age group. 4. To analyze the Fixed Drug Combination. Methods It is a retrospective observational study. Data will be collected from 175 prescription papers. Data will be collected from the medical record section. The study will include prescriptions of UTI for Females of the reproductive age group (15-44 years).
Development of flip-chip technology for the optical drive of superconducting circuits
Authors: Kieler Oliver , Tian Hao , Kraus Marco , Priyadarshi Shekhar , Felgner Judith , Fernandez Scarioni Alexander , Kohlmann Johannes , Bieler Mark
Published: April 2024

We discuss the flip-chip mounting process of photodiodes and fiber sleeves on silicon substrates to meet the increasing demand for fabrication of highly integrated and hybrid quantum circuits for operation at cryogenic temperatures. To further increase the yield and success rate of the flip-chip procedure, the size of the gold stud bumps, and flip-chip parameters were optimized. Moreover, to connect optical fibers to the photodiodes in an optimal position, the fiber sleeves were aligned with specially fabricated alignment circles before applying thermocompression with the flip-chip machine. The mounted photodiodes were tested at both room temperature and cryogenic temperature, and we find that mechanical imperfections of the sleeve-ferrule combination limit the overall alignment accuracy. The experimental results show that our flip-chip process is very reliable and promising for various optical and electrical applications and, thus, paves the way for fabrication of hybrid chips, multi-chip modules and chip-on-chip solutions, which are operated at cryogenic temperatures.
„Niesłychane dokonania”. Przyczynek źródłowy do relacji między gauleiterem Górnego Śląska Fritzem Brachtem a komendantem KL Auschwitz-Birkenau Rudolfem Hössem
Authors: Węcki Mirosław
Published: April 2024

Tekst zawiera edycję i krytyczne omówienie niepublikowanej dotąd korespondencji prowadzonej w 1943 r. między Rudolfem Hössem, komendantem niemieckiego nazistowskiego obozu koncentracyjnego i zagłady Auschwitz-Birkenau, i gauleiterem Górnego Śląska Fritzem Brachtem. Obóz położony na terenie okręgu górnośląskiego odgrywał istotną rolę w lokalnej polityce narodowościowej i gospodarczej Brachta. Z tego względu gauleiter dążył do zachowania ścisłej współpracy i serdecznych kontaktów z władzami obozu.
Refleksje nad tłumaczeniami tekstów dla projektu muzycznego opartego na polskojęzycznych coverach piosenek Wiktora Coja
Authors: Pugachova Anastasiia
Published: April 2024

Zapis uwag, refleksji i przemyśleń związanych z tłumaczeniem tekstów dla projektu muzycznego opartego na polskojęzycznych coverach piosenek Wiktora Coja.
Aníbal Pinto (1919-1996)
Authors: Valenzuela Feijóo José C.
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo está dividido en cuatro grandes secciones. En la primera, buscamos cernir el papel histórico jugado por el estructuralismo cepalino clásico, al interior del cual el papel desempeñado por Aníbal Pinto Santa Cruz (1919-1996) fue clave. Luego, damos un breve vistazo a la biografía de nuestro autor. En una tercera sección, señalamos las dimensiones centrales que tipifican a la visión más genérica (o «cosmovisión») manejada por Pinto. En una cuarta y última sección examinamos algunos tópicos que consideramos centrales en su obra. De acuerdo con el mismo Pinto, en su trayectoria intelectual pueden distinguirse cuatro grandes ciclos. El primero se corresponde con sus años de estudiante universitario y de activa colaboración en las publicaciones del Partido Comunista Chileno, ciclo que finalizaría hacia 1946-1947. El segundo ciclo comienza con su viaje a Londres, prosigue con la dirección de Panorama Económico y la docencia universitaria y abarca hasta el comienzo de los sesenta. El tercer ciclo se relaciona con su incorporación a la CEPAL y dura hasta la primera parte de los ochenta. El cuarto se inicia con su retiro de la CEPAL y en él siguió siendo muy activo y creador. Aquí, se concentró en el análisis de algunos problemas del desarrollo económico chileno, como —señaladamente— el rol de la intervención estatal y de las empresas públicas. El recuento, valga subrayarlo, no busca solo sintetizar y destacar una etapa brillante en la historia del pensamiento económico y social latinoamericano; a la vez, y de modo principal, trata de mostrar la gran relevancia que hoy tienen pensadores de la talla de Aníbal Pinto y de sus congéneres.
MSD: Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Data for the 2024 MSOM Data-Driven Research Challenge
Authors: Martagan Tugce , Baaijens Marc , Dirckx Coen , Holman James , Meyer Robert , Repping Oscar , van Ravenstein Bram
Published: April 2024

To support the 2024 MSOM Data-Driven Research Challenge, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey (hereafter “MSD”), provides pharmaceutical manufacturing data from a continuous tablet production setting. The data set contains approximately 300 million data points related to around 75 process parameters monitored over 120 hours. In this paper, we present the data set and share our vision to inspire and facilitate new applications of operations management (OM) methodologies in pharmaceutical manufacturing. We begin with an introduction to pharmaceutical manufacturing for OM researchers and then elaborate on emerging technologies, common industry challenges, and research opportunities. We explain the data set and propose a roadmap for future research directions. Researchers are welcome to examine the proposed research questions or analyze other research questions using the data set.

History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2024 MSOM Data-Driven Research Challenge.

Funding: This work was supported by The Dutch Research Council - NWO VIDI Grant.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.0860
O MOTIVO LITERÁRIO DA PERDA DA SOMBRA NO CONTO FANTÁSTICO “A SOMBRA” DE HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN
Authors: Gonçalves Leite Francisco Edson , Silva Antonia Marly Moura da
Published: April 2024

O ser humano tem imputado à sombra um forte poder simbólico e, ao considerá-la como uma parte vital de si mesmo ou como correlativa da alma, assume a condição de duplo do homem, dando origem a uma série de tabus e crendices que povoou o imaginário humano em diversas culturas. Na literatura, a sombra tem-se mostrado um importante signo, possibilitando, dentre outros aspectos, a representação da clássica dualidade humana. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho objetiva analisar as configurações do duplo no conto fantástico “A sombra”, (1835) de Hans Christian Andersen que aborda, na construção da trama ficcional, o motivo literário da perda da sombra. Do ponto de vista teórico, este trabalho filia-se aos postulados sobre identidade, visto que aborda uma das facetas pelas quais o duplo é representado na literatura, e aos estudos sobre a literatura fantástica. A análise da referida narrativa de Andersen permite afirmar que a perda ou a ausência de sombra, fenômeno insólito por natureza, é fruto de uma cisão e problematiza a identidade da personagem, quando esta é confrontada com seu duplo. É, pois, através dessa alquimia secreta que os escritores, artífices da palavra, mantêm a literatura e, especificamente, o motivo da perda da sombra, vivos e pulsantes.
Palavras-chave: Fantástico. Duplo. Sombra. Conto. Andersen.
Neuro-orthopaedic check-up and walking in people with multiple sclerosis: toward a more specific assessment to improve rehabilitation results
Authors: Sagawa Yoshimasa , Guilhendou Coline , Moulin Thierry , Soares Antonio Vinicius , Decavel Pierre
Published: April 2024

The rehabilitation process of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is a challenge, and decision-making requires a thorough assessment to increase the chances of success in rehabilitation planning. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of the neuro-orthopaedic check-Up (NOChU) for gait prognosis. Participated in the study 105 PwMS with different levels of impairment. The NOChU includes measurements of passive range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, and spasticity. Additionally, was carried out the spatial-temporal analysis of the walking, Timed Up and Go test, and 6-min walk test. ROM remained relatively preserved to perform daily life activities except for ankle dorsiflexion. Muscle strength was also relatively preserved. Spasticity affected especially the ankle muscles, clearly the sural triceps. Among the NOChU measurements the catch seemed to have the most impact on walking on its different phases and on other activities. Accurate NOChU measurements play a crucial role in clinical settings, guiding informed decisions in rehabilitation planning. Future research endeavours could focus on exploring the correlations between NOChU deficiencies and the decline in walking capabilities among PwMS, with the goal of proposing personalized treatment strategies that address their specific requirements.
The Bible, German beer mats, and an alarming surprise
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: April 2024

Mark Greener explains how worms interact with the human body
Fertility preservation in patients with gynecologic cancer
Authors: Gică Nicolae
Published: April 2024

In this editorial we comment on the article by Gu et al . We focus and debate the necessity of fertility sparing surgery in young women’s with gynecologic cancers, specifically on those patients with the desire to conceive. This type of individualized treatment options is often very difficult, due to the risk of disease evolution and multiple disparities in fertility preservation services among women in different countries and societies. For this reason national policy interventions are mandatory in order to ensure equitable access this procedures, in women with cancer.
Correlation between oral frailty and health-related quality of life (HINT-8) among older adults in Korea
Authors: Kim In-Ja
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to confirm the correlation between oral frailty and health-related quality of life (HINT-8) among older adults in Korea. Methods: The data of 1,318 individuals aged ≥65 years who participated in the eighth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019) were analyzed using complex sample statistical analysis. Results: Chewing discomfort was found to decrease the HINT-8 scores by 1.246, 1.324, and 1.089 times in the physical, social, and mental domains, respectively. Speech discomfort was found to decrease the HINT-8 scores by 1.275, 1.449, and 1.175 times in the physical, social, and mental domains, respectively. The HINT-8 scores of participants with ＜19 natural teeth were lower in the physical and social domains. Similarly, the HINT-8 scores of participants with brushing frequency of ＜2 were lower in the positive health domain. Non-use of oral hygiene products led to a reduction in the HINT-8 score in the social health domain. Conclusions: Oral frailty in older adults reduces the health-related quality of life. Thus, it is necessary to formulate policies to manage oral frailty in this population and develop specialized programs for the management of oral frailty.
Effects of denture use on the quality of life of cancer patients over 40 years of age: The 6th-7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2018)
Authors: Lee A-Jung , Lee Mi-Ra , Kang Min-Kyung
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of denture use on the quality of life of cancer patients aged ≥40 years. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2018) were used in this study. A total of 302 individuals were selected as the final study participants. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis using SPSS software. Results: The quality of life in the group with dentures was lower than that in the group without dentures. Conclusions: The use of dentures had a significant effect on the quality of life of cancer patients aged ≥40 years. Therefore, national dental care guidelines and policies should be developed to prevent an increase in tooth loss in patients with cancer.
Relationship between digital oral health literacy and digital device utilization among adults in Gangwon-do
Authors: Park Chan-Young , Kim Nam-Hee , Oh Jai-Woo
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the level of digital oral health literacy among Korean adults in Gangwon-do. Methods: A survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews with adults aged 30–89 residing in Gangwon-do, South Korea. The independent variables were socio-demographic characteristics, including gender, age, education level, income, and occupation. The dependent variable was digital oral health literacy. The statistical analysis included Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis, all performed using the SPSS 27.0 software program. Results: The elderly and those with poor socioeconomic status (p<0.001) had lower average scores due to poor digital oral health literacy. The ease of searching for oral health information and the utilization of digital devices to search for information on oral health displayed a significant relationship (r=0.730, p<0.001). To develop the use of digital devices, simplifying the search for oral information (p<0.001) is essential. Conclusions: All socio-demographic characteristics, except gender, displayed a correlation with the level of digital oral health literacy. Both environmental and individual aspects of the respondents’ living conditions must be considered to improve digital oral health literacy.
Evidence for Ending the Global Gag Rule: A Multiyear Study in Two Countries
Authors:   Guttmacher Institute, Skuster Patty , Sully Elizabeth A. , Friedrich-Karnik Amy
Published: April 2024

As a leading funder of global health programs, the United States has the power to make a tremendous impact on people’s sexual and reproductive health and rights. But restrictions on funding that target abortion care internationally have had broad, detrimental impacts on reproductive health care systems, advocacy and outcomes. Such is the case with the so-called global gag rule, a policy that conditions US global health assistance on nongovernmental organizations’ agreement not to provide or promote abortion. Our multiyear research study in Uganda and Ethiopia examines the impact of this policy in two countries that rely on US assistance for their family planning programs but where the legal context around abortion differs—highly restrictive in Uganda and liberal in Ethiopia. Until now, no research has fully captured the effects of the most recent implementation of the global gag rule, which, during the four-year Trump administration, was the greatest expansion of the policy in its history. The research shows how, in both countries, the gag rule stalled and even reversed progress toward expanded access to modern contraception, impacting the countries’ reproductive health outcomes, the ability of people to decide whether and when to have children, and overall bodily autonomy. Abortion care cannot be separated from reproductive health care; evidence clearly demonstrates that the US government’s attempts to limit abortion care through the gag rule also limit access to other essential sexual and reproductive health services. Although the gag rule is currently not in effect, the risk of an anti-abortion president reinstating and expanding the gag rule and causing significant harm to reproductive health progress globally remains. And even after the gag rule is rescinded, its effects persist. The time for a permanent end to the global gag rule is now.
Deterministic direct design method for a spherical-aberration-free singlet lens with reduced coma
Authors: Lin Jiandong , An Qi , Zhang Naibo
Published: April 2024

It is still challenging to find a spherical-aberration-free singlet lens with well corrected coma due to an undesired and complicated residual high-order coma. In this paper, we present a spherical-aberration-free singlet lens with reduced coma containing high-order coma contribution. This design algorithm is to deduce the front aspherical surface parameters from the back spherical surface using meridional ray tracing to find the proper values of the back focal length and the back spherical radius to reduce the coma. The exemplary lens demonstrates an excellent well-balanced and diffraction-limited performance at the field angle ranging from 0.0° to 2.5° with a working F# equal to 1.65.
Ionization energies of Cu- and Ni-like ions with Z ≤ 92
Authors: Ivanova E. P.
Published: April 2024

A two-stage technique is developed to interpolate and extrapolate the ionization energies of Cu- and Ni-like ions along Z with accuracy to the fifth significant digit. I) The first stage consists of scaling the known ionization energies (IE) along Z, which brings the IE(Z)-function to a quasi-straight line. Function straightening detects points where the function’s smoothness breaks down. They are fitted to the IE(Z) curve in the same way as it is usually done in some experiments. Scaling on successive overlapping segments allows a confident extrapolation to the region Z=92. II) The verification of the obtained results in stage I is performed using the parameter of the relativistic model potential of a Dirac equation. The results of techniques I and II agree well up to Z∼92.
Camera calibration optimization algorithm that uses a step function
Authors: Huang Jiachun , Liu Shaoli , Liu Jianhua , Jian Zehua
Published: April 2024

Camera calibration is very important when planning machine vision tasks. Calibration may involve 3D reconstruction, size measurement, or careful target positioning. Calibration accuracy directly affects the accuracy of machine vision. The parameters in many image distortion models are usually applied to all image pixels. However, this may be associated with rather high pixel reprojection errors at image edges, compromising camera calibration accuracy. In this paper, we present a new camera calibration optimization algorithm that features a step function that splits images into center and edge regions. First, based on the increasing pixel reprojection errors according to the pixel distance away from the image center, we gave a flexible method to divide an image into two regions, center and boundary. Then, the algorithm automatically determines the step position, and the calibration model is rebuilt. The new model can calibrate the distortions at the center and boundary regions separately. Optimized by the method, the number of distortion parameters in the old model is doubled, and different parameters represent different distortions within two regions. In this way, our method can optimize traditional calibration models, which define a global model to describe the distortion of the whole image and get a higher calibration accuracy. Experimentally, the method significantly improved pixel reprojection accuracy, particularly at image edges. Simulations revealed that our method was more flexible than traditional methods.
Quasi-distributed optical fiber hydrogen leakage detecting system based on bus chain topology structure
Authors: Hu Wenbin , Xue Bingyang , Dai Jixiang , Yin Kai , Chen Zhangning , Yang Minghong
Published: April 2024

Micro-mirror optical fiber hydrogen sensors have the advantages of compact structure and fast demodulation speed. All-optical sensor networks consisting of micro-mirror optical fiber hydrogen sensors are essentially necessary across the hydrogen value chain. A bus chain topology structure hydrogen leakage detecting system based on micro-mirror sensors is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A compensating optical path with constant power supply is introduced, and the power dissipation scheme is theoretically and experimentally proposed by designating the splitting ratios of the splitters array. By constructing such a network with twenty micro-mirror hydrogen sensors, the system has been experimentally verified with good repeatability and stability under different concentrations of hydrogen. By employing this bus chain topology strategy, a quasi-distributed optical fiber hydrogen leakage detection system with micro-mirror hydrogen sensors array is realized. It will provide a promising solution with high feasibility on multi-point leakage detecting in hydrogen infrastructures.
Supercontinuum laser-based gonio-scatterometer for in and out-of-plane spectral BRDF measurements
Authors: Margall François , Lemineur Gérald , Pacanowski Romain , Mavromatis Sébastien , Coiro Eric , Le Goff Alain , Ceolato Romain
Published: April 2024

The hyperspectral component of bidirectional reflectance measurements, namely from several hundred wavelengths upwards, is attracting growing interest for numerous applications in both optics and computer graphics. In this paper, we present a motorized hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance measurement bench that performs in-plane and out-of-plane measurements for isotropic materials using a supercontinuum laser covering the visible and near infrared range, with a sub-nanometer spectral accuracy. We describe the complete data processing chain, including a method for assessing the alignment error of the measurement bench. From these measurements, we verify the principles of non-negativity, energy conservation and Helmholtz reciprocity. We introduce criteria also to evaluate the validity of the Lambertian hypothesis for the bidirectional reflectance and its deviation from reciprocity, obtained from the measurements directly. We show the need for spectral bidirectional reflectance measurements for certain materials, rejecting the separable function approximation.