bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotion Detection from Speech: A Comprehensive Approach Using Speech-to-Text Transcription and Ensemble Learning
Authors: Inamdar Fatima M , Ambesange Sateesh , Mahalle Parikshit , Sable Nilesh P. , Bachhav Ritesh , Ganjiwale Chaitanya , Badmanji Shantanu , Agase Sarthak
Published: March 2024

The field of text-to-emotion analysis is investigated in this study, which uses an interactive methodology to reveal subtle emotional insights in textual data. The research explores the complex relationship between language and emotion using sophisticated methods without focusing on any particular frontend or backend technology. The research attempts to improve our understanding of how literary information transmits emotional subtleties by emphasizing a broad but methodical examination. The lack of mentions of particular libraries and backends indicates an emphasis on the general ideas and techniques used in text-to-emotion analysis.
The findings demonstrate the possibility of deriving significant emotional context from text, opening doors for applications in a variety of fields where user sentiment analysis is essential. This study adds to the body of knowledge on emotional intelligence in computational linguistics and lays the groundwork for future developments in text analysis techniques.
Automated License Plate Recognition for Non-Helmeted Motor Riders Using YOLO and OCR
Authors: Anilkumar Chunduru , Rani Meesala Shobha , B Venkatesh , Rao G. Srinivasa
Published: March 2024

One of the leading causes of serious injuries in motorcycle accidents is the failure to wear a helmet, pressing the need for effective measures to encourage riders to use helmets. To stop these frequent violations of business regulations, regular observation is necessary. The proposed system is for detecting traffic violations in India related to riding motorcycles without helmets. The system utilizes deep learning-based object detection using YOLO and OCR techniques to automatically detect non-helmet riders and extract license plate numbers. The proposed system aims to improve efficiency and accuracy in detecting violations by automating the process and reducing the need for manpower. The system involves three levels of object detection: person and motorcycle/moped, helmet, and license plate. OCR is used to extract the license plate number, and all techniques are subject to predefined conditions and constraints. The system is designed to operate on video input to ensure high-speed execution, and it intends to offer a complete solution for both detection of helmet and extracting the license plate number.
Incorporation of Nano Selenium in Fish Diet and Assessment of Growth Performance and Biochemical Criteria of Labeo rohita
Authors: M. Dayana Senthamara  , M. Rekha  , M. R. Rajan
Published: March 2024

Selenium (Se) is an essential microelement utilized in aqua-feeds for aquatic animals’ normal growth, well-being and health. This work was intended to assess the growth performance of Labeo rohita (Rohu) resulting from the nano Se-merged diet. Nano Se was synthesized and its physico-chemical characteristics were characterized using UV-VIS, SEM, EDAX, XRD and FTIR for varying quantities of nano Se; Diets - I-0, II- 0.5, III-1, IV-1.5, V-2 and VI- 2.5 mg/ kg were prepared, making use of fish meal (FM), groundnut oil cake (GNOC), wheat flour (WF) and tapioca flour (TF). Feed-utilizing parameters and the biochemical composition of Rohu were evaluated subsequently after 28 days. The UV-Vis Spectroscopy revealed that nano Se was assessed in wavelengths of 200 to 500 nm and exhibited strong absorption at 322 nm. SEM image showed spherical morphology with an average particle diameter of 12.22 mm. EDAX spectrum recorded two signals at 1.5 keV and 11 keV. XRD patterns showed crystalline characteristics of nano Se at 2θ correlators of 23.5o, 29.7o, 41.4o, 43.6o, 45.4o, 51.7o, 55.9o and 61.5o. FTIR spectrum was examined in the range of 4000 – 500 cm-1. Rohu's growth performance and biochemical analysis revealed that the protein, carbohydrate and lipids of gill, liver and muscle of Rohu were highly increased in the case of diet IV containing 1.5 mg/kg nano Se.
Intelligent Cold Chain Security: Nano Power Temperature Sensors, ESP32 and Telegram Bot Integration for Temperature Assurance and Environmental Harm Prevention
Authors: S. Maheswaran  , R. D. Gomathi  , S. Sathesh  , S. Poovizhi  , R. Ridhish  , S. Nanthakkumaran  , M. Chinnadurai
Published: March 2024

The research aims to create a robust cold storage monitoring system for trucks, focusing on parameters like temperature, humidity, and harmful gases. Using nano power temperature, humidity, gas and LDR sensors, the system sets predefined thresholds for each parameter. The MS1089A features energy harvesting and a long battery life. The MS1089A has an I2C interface in addition to other time and power-saving features and it is accurate (±3 °C). By monitoring the temperature and safeguarding the surrounding environment, the nano power temperature sensor is ideal for environmental monitoring. When exceeded or fallen below, automatic notifications with GPS location are sent through Telegram to relevant authorities. Bidirectional communication via a Telegram bot allows users to remotely query sensor values. GPS technology enables live tracking for better cold storage unit management during transportation. The research is scalable, highlighting the potential of IoT in enhancing operational efficiency and reducing risks in cargo transportation. In summary, it integrates wireless sensors, an ESP32 microcontroller and Telegram messaging for a comprehensive cold storage monitoring solution, ensuring the safe transport of temperature-sensitive cargo.
Combustion Analysis of Solid Biomass Derived from Turmeric and Onion, using Nanoclay as a Binding Material, for a Sustainable Environment
Authors: P. Eswaramoorthi  , S. Suthaviji  , S. Manoj  , N. Jothi Lakshmi  , V. Sampathkumar
Published: March 2024

The usage of fossil resources has promoted wealth accumulation, exacerbated the negative effects of climate change from GHG emissions, and jeopardized human safety. This research focuses on the utilization of locally generated waste from Turmeric Wastes (TW) and Onion Wastes (TW) for the production of biomass briquettes, employing 10% nanoclay powder as a binder. The biomass waste mixtures were prepared at different ratios, namely 0:100 (C1), 30:70 (C2), 60:40 (C3), 90:10 (C4) and 100:0 (C5), with a constant binder concentration. Densification can be used to turn these residues into elevated, fuel-efficient biomass feedstock. Analysis was carried out for wet content, content of volatile matter and content of fixed carbon. SEM evaluations with EDAX studies were done to identify the major elements available in the produced Turmeric waste - Onion waste briquettes. TGA and DSC investigation implicated the recognition of the burning stage of exothermic and endothermic peaks of the produced briquettes. The briquettes generated exhibit a range of total calorific values, spanning from 11.66 to 15.64 MJ/kg. Notably, these briquettes demonstrate an ignition time within the range of 3.3 to 4.0 seconds and a sustained burning duration lasting between 20 to 28 minutes. Consequently, the utilization of TW-OW in combination with 20% nanoclay binder presents a viable alternative energy source. This is attributable to the briquettes' commendable characteristics, including low moisture and ash content, coupled with a notably high calorific value.
Unleashing the Flexural Behavior of Ceramic Hybrid Rubber Reinforced Composites for Sustainable Industry
Authors: P. Subashree  , S. Vivek  , N. Muthukumaran
Published: March 2024

An innovative methodology is employed to explore the potential of repurposing floor ceramics and used tire rubber for fine aggregate. In contrast to one-way ordinary concrete slabs, the behavior of Ceramic Hybrid Rubber Reinforced Composite Slabs (CHRRCS) under pure bending has been thoroughly examined. There is no discernible negative effect of the quantity of ceramic floor tiles on the characteristics of concrete. In this study, M30 concrete with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.38 is employed. The distribution reinforcement was made up of bars with an 8 mm diameter, while the main reinforcement was made up of 10 mm diameter Fe 415 grade steel bars. The CHRRCS with 2% rubber fibers, 10% replacement ceramic, and 10% pre-treated crumb rubber exhibit more significant deflection only under extreme stress conditions. Apart from the experimental study, ABAQUS was used to perform a finite element model in three-dimensional simulation and analyze the load-displacement behavior. The comparison of ABAQUS simulation and experimental data yields a fair range. The flexural performance of CHRRCS is enhanced in pure bending.
Developing Dynamic System Responses Model Based on Nanotechnology by Incorporating the Finite Element Analysis
Authors: M. Dawood  , S. P. Kumar
Published: March 2024

The dynamic model of complex structure has set incredible progression with the use of finite element analysis (FEA), especially in the field of vibration control and nanotechnology. Main focus of this research is to conduct a frequency analysis in ANSYS and a state space model of the beam under the platform of MATLAB. This allowed a system to develop an active dynamic model for vibration control. To enhance test and analysis of the cantilever beam of Aluminium 6061T6, a new method has been proposed to predict the dynamic response of a cantilever beam under sinusoidal base excitation. This was achieved by creating an analytical model for the cantilever beam using moment and force equilibrium equations. The authenticity of the proposed method was made by comparing the results with experimental data. Additionally, to control vibration, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller was developed using the system model. The FEA in the ANSYS platform provided a cantilever beam model. Also, its mathematical modelling has been done. The proposed method utilizes a novel disturbance rejection control scheme that eliminates an unknown disturbance. Experimental results indicate that the control system results in gradually decreased beam vibration amplitude. The state space approach discussed in the work could be a valuable tool for studying the behaviours of nanomaterials.
Random walks on tori and normal numbers in self-similar sets
Authors: Dayan Yiftach , Ganguly Arijit , Weiss Barak
Published: March 2024

abstract: We study random walks on a $d$-dimensional torus by affine expanding maps whose linear parts commute. Assuming an irrationality condition on their translation parts, we prove that the Haar measure is the unique stationary measure. We deduce that if $K\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ is an attractor of a finite iterated function system of $n\geq 2$ maps of the form $x\mapsto D^{-1}x+t_i$ ($i=1,\dotsc,n$), where $D$ is an expanding $d\times d$ integer matrix, and is the same for all the maps, under an irrationality condition on the translation parts $t_i$, almost every point in $K$ (w.r.t. any Bernoulli measure) has an equidistributed orbit under the map $x\mapsto Dx$ (multiplication mod $\mathbb{Z}^d$). In the one-dimensional case, this conclusion amounts to normality to base $D$. Thus for example, almost every point in an irrational dilation of the middle-thirds Cantor set is normal to base $3$.
Fourier-domain filtering analysis for color-polarization camera demosaicking: publisher’s note
Authors: Hagen Nathan , Stockmans Thijs , Otani Yukitoshi , Buranasiri Prathan
Published: March 2024

This publisher’s note includes corrections to Appl. Opt. 63, 2314 (2024) APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.516696.
Sub-kHz linewidth free-running monolithic cavity VECSEL with 10⁻¹² stability
Authors: Moriya Paulo Hisao , Lee Martin , Hastie Jennifer E.
Published: March 2024

We report the development of a compact, highly stable, monolithic-cavity, GaInP/AlGaInP-based VECSEL with electronically-tunable emission wavelength centered at 689.4425 nm for neutral strontium (Sr)-based applications. The output power reaches 40 mW (pump-power-limited) with ultra-low frequency and intensity noise performance resulting in a free-running linewidth of 720 Hz, reduced to 390 Hz when frequency locked to a reference cavity, verified via a heterodyne beat note measurement with 2 s averaging time. For shorter averaging times (0.1 ms), the free-running linewidth is as low as 40 Hz. We estimate a Lorentzian, or intrinsic, linewidth of 64 mHz from the frequency noise power spectral density at high frequencies, thus providing further evidence of the ultra-narrow fundamental linewidth of VECSELs. High frequency stability was measured via Allan deviation resulting in 1.05×10⁻¹² at 2 s and 2.11×10⁻¹³ at 7 s averaging times when the 689 nm monolithic cavity VECSEL is free-running and locked, respectively, suitable for neutral Sr-based quantum technologies, such as optical clocks and atom interferometry.
Polymer-based three-waveguide polarization beam splitter with reducing crosstalk for optical circuitry
Authors: Afsary Noor , Alam Md Koushik , Nijhum Zarin Tasnim , Rasel MD Omar Faruk
Published: March 2024

Polarization beam splitters are pivotal in manipulating polarized light within photonic integrated circuits for various optical applications. This study introduces a single-mode polarization beam splitter composed of three waveguides realized with polymer materials. The device optimization process employed beam propagation method, explicitly using the RSoft CAD BeamProp solver. Our proposed beam splitter performs exceptionally with 99 % complete and null light transmission efficiency. In particular, it demonstrates minimal insertion loss (0.04 dB for complete transmission and 0.07 dB for null transmission) and low coupling loss (0.03 dB and 0.04 dB for complete transmission, 21.9 dB and 36.3 dB for null transmission from input to bridge and bridge to output waveguides, respectively). Additionally, the beam splitter showcases significantly reduced crosstalk: -27 dB and -26.98 dB for TE modes during complete light transfer, and -36.28 dB and -33.61 dB for TM modes during null light transfer. These results underscore its potential for advancing integrated optical systems.
Typhoid intestinal perforation in Francophone Africa, a scoping review
Authors: Sukri Leah , Banza Audry , Shafer Katherine , Sanoussi Yakoubou , Neuzil Kathleen M. , Sani Rachid
Published: March 2024

Typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP) is a leading cause of peritonitis and indication for emergency surgery in Africa, with reported mortality rates up to 30% in pediatric patients. Currently, data on TIP in Western databases are primarily from countries that speak English, likely due to non-English publication and citation biases. Despite the high burden of infectious diseases in Francophone Africa, data from these countries regarding TIP remain limited. This study aims to highlight the incidence and morbidity of TIP in Francophone African countries using an extended search algorithm. We conducted a scoping review using the PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases with the keywords “peritonitis”, “non-traumatic ileal perforation”, and “typhoid” in Francophone African countries. Additionally, we contacted surgeons in Africa and concurrently used citation chasing to obtain data not found in western databases. In total, 32 studies from 12 countries were identified and included in this review. A total of 22 publications were in French. Patient median age was 20 years and TIP caused a median of 35% of acute peritonitis cases. Mortality rates ranged from 6–37% (median: 16%). Rate of complications ranged from 15–92% (median: 46%). Ileostomy creation as a treatment for TIP varied between hospitals (0–79%), with the highest rates reported in Niger. In Francophone Africa, TIP is associated with high morbidity and mortality, most commonly in children and young adults. Interventions, including improved sanitation and the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines into routine vaccination programs, have the potential to significantly decrease typhoid fever and its complications.
COVID-19 mortality sentinel surveillance at a tertiary referral hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, 2020–2021
Authors: Hines Jonas Z. , Kapombe Priscilla , Mucheleng’anga Adam , Chanda Stephen L. , Hamukale Amos , Cheelo Mweene , Kamalonga Kashala , Tally Leigh , Monze Mwaka , Kapina Muzala , Agolory Simon , Auld Andrew F. , Lungu Patrick , Chilengi Roma
Published: March 2024

Deaths from COVID-19 likely exceeded official statistics in Zambia because of limited testing and incomplete death registration. We describe a sentinel COVID-19 mortality surveillance system in Lusaka, Zambia. We analyzed surveillance data on deceased persons of all ages undergoing verbal autopsy (VA) and COVID-19 testing at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) mortuary in Lusaka, Zambia, from April 2020 through August 2021. VA was done by surveillance officers for community deaths and in-patient deaths that occurred <48 hours after admission. A standardized questionnaire about the circumstances proximal to death was used, with a probable cause of death assigned by a validated computer algorithm. Nasopharyngeal specimens from deceased persons were tested for COVID-19 using polymerase chain reaction and rapid diagnostic tests. We analyzed the cause of death by COVID-19 test results. Of 12,919 deceased persons at UTH mortuary during the study period, 5,555 (43.0%) had a VA and COVID-19 test postmortem, of which 79.7% were community deaths. Overall, 278 (5.0%) deceased persons tested COVID-19 positive; 7.1% during waves versus 1.4% during nonwave periods. Most (72.3%) deceased persons testing COVID-19 positive reportedly had fever, cough, and/or dyspnea and most (73.5%) reportedly had an antemortem COVID-19 test. Common causes of death for those testing COVID-19 positive included acute cardiac disease (18.3%), respiratory tract infections (16.5%), other types of cardiac diseases (12.9%), and stroke (7.2%). A notable portion of deceased persons at a sentinel site in Lusaka tested COVID-19 positive during waves, supporting the notion that deaths from COVID-19 might have been undercounted in Zambia. Many had displayed classic COVID-19 symptoms and been tested before death yet nevertheless died in the community, potentially indicating strained medical services during waves. The high proportion of cardiovascular diseases deaths might reflect the hypercoagulable state during severe COVID-19. Early supportive treatment and availability of antivirals might lessen future mortality.
Biophysical modeling of the whole-cell dynamics of C. elegans motor and interneurons families
Authors: Nicoletti Martina , Chiodo Letizia , Loppini Alessandro , Liu Qiang , Folli Viola , Ruocco Giancarlo , Filippi Simonetta
Published: March 2024

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a widely used model organism for neuroscience. Although its nervous system has been fully reconstructed, the physiological bases of single-neuron functioning are still poorly explored. Recently, many efforts have been dedicated to measuring signals from C. elegans neurons, revealing a rich repertoire of dynamics, including bistable responses, graded responses, and action potentials. Still, biophysical models able to reproduce such a broad range of electrical responses lack. Realistic electrophysiological descriptions started to be developed only recently, merging gene expression data with electrophysiological recordings, but with a large variety of cells yet to be modeled. In this work, we contribute to filling this gap by providing biophysically accurate models of six classes of C. elegans neurons, the AIY, RIM, and AVA interneurons, and the VA, VB, and VD motor neurons. We test our models by comparing computational and experimental time series and simulate knockout neurons, to identify the biophysical mechanisms at the basis of inter and motor neuron functioning. Our models represent a step forward toward the modeling of C. elegans neuronal networks and virtual experiments on the nematode nervous system.
Biochemical properties and biological potential of Syzygium heyneanum with antiparkinson’s activity in paraquat induced rodent model
Authors: Saadullah Malik , Tariq Hafsa , Chauhdary Zunera , Saleem Uzma , Anwer Bukhari Shazia , Sehar Amna , Asif Muhammad , Sethi Aisha
Published: March 2024

Syzygium heyneanum is a valuable source of flavonoids and phenols, known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. This research aimed to explore the potential of Syzygium heyneanum ethanol extract (SHE) in countering Parkinson’s disease. The presence of phenols and flavonoids results in SHE displaying an IC50 value of 42.13 when assessed in the DPPH scavenging assay. Rats’ vital organs (lungs, heart, spleen, liver, and kidney) histopathology reveals little or almost no harmful effect. The study hypothesized that SHE possesses antioxidants that could mitigate Parkinson’s symptoms by influencing α-synuclein, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), TNF-α, and IL-1β. Both in silico and in vivo investigations were conducted. The Parkinson’s rat model was established using paraquat (1 mg/kg, i.p.), with rats divided into control, disease control, standard, and SHE-treated groups (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) for 21 days. According to the ELISA statistics, the SHE treated group had lowers levels of IL-6 and TNF-α than the disease control group, which is a sign of neuroprotection. Behavioral and biochemical assessments were performed, alongside mRNA expression analyses using RT-PCR to assess SHE’s impact on α-synuclein, AChE, TNF-α, and interleukins in brain homogenates. Behavioral observations demonstrated dose-dependent improvements in rats treated with SHE (600 > 300 > 150 mg/kg). Antioxidant enzyme levels (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione) were significantly restored, particularly at a high dose, with notable reduction in malondialdehyde. The high dose of SHE notably lowered acetylcholinesterase levels. qRT-PCR results indicated reduced mRNA expression of IL-1β, α-synuclein, TNF-α, and AChE in SHE-treated groups compared to disease controls, suggesting neuroprotection. In conclusion, this study highlights Syzygium heyneanum potential to alleviate Parkinson’s disease symptoms through its antioxidant and modulatory effects on relevant biomarkers.
Prediction of digital transformation of manufacturing industry based on interpretable machine learning
Authors: Zhu Chen , Liu Xue , Chen Dong
Published: March 2024

The enhancement of digital transformation is of paramount importance for business development. This study employs machine learning to establish a predictive model for digital transformation, investigates crucial factors that influence digital transformation, and proposes corresponding improvement strategies. Initially, four commonly used machine learning algorithms are compared, revealing that the Extreme tree classification (ETC) algorithm exhibits the most accurate prediction. Subsequently, through correlation analysis and recursive elimination, key features that impact digital transformation are selected resulting in the corresponding feature subset. Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values are then employed to perform an interpretable analysis on the predictive model, elucidating the effects of each key feature on digital transformation and obtaining critical feature values. Lastly, informed by practical considerations, we propose a quantitative adjustment strategy to enhance the degree of digital transformation in enterprises, which provides guidance for digital development.
Key dimensions of women’s and their partners’ experiences of childbirth: A systematic review of reviews of qualitative studies
Authors: Benyamini Yael , Delicate Amy , Ayers Susan , Dikmen-Yildiz Pelin , Gouni Olga , Jonsdottir Sigridur Sia , Karlsdottir Sigfridur Inga , Kömürcü Akik Burcu , Leinweber Julia , Murphy-Tighe Sylvia , Pajalic Zada , Riklikiene Olga , Limmer Claudia Maria
Published: March 2024

Background

The World Health Organization 2018 intrapartum guideline for a positive birth experience emphasized the importance of maternal emotional and psychological well-being during pregnancy and the need for safe childbirth. Today, in many countries birth is safe, yet many women report negative and traumatic birth experiences, with adverse effects on their and their families’ well-being. Many reviews have attempted to understand the complexity of women’s and their partners’ birth experience; however, it remains unclear what the key dimensions of the birth experience are.

Objective

To synthesize the information from reviews of qualitative studies on the experience of childbirth in order to identify key dimensions of women’s and their partners’ childbirth experience.

Methods

Systematic database searches yielded 40 reviews, focusing either on general samples or on specific modes of birth or populations, altogether covering primary studies from over 35,000 women (and >1000 partners) in 81 countries. We appraised the reviews’ quality, extracted data and analysed it using thematic analysis.

Findings

Four key dimensions of women’s and partners’ birth experience (covering ten subthemes), were identified: 1) Perceptions, including attitudes and beliefs; 2) Physical aspects, including birth environment and pain; 3) Emotional challenges; and 4) Relationships, with birth companions and interactions with healthcare professionals. In contrast with the comprehensive picture that arises from our synthesis, most reviews attended to only one or two of these dimensions.

Conclusions

The identified key dimensions bring to light the complexity and multidimensionality of the birth experience. Within each dimension, pathways leading towards negative and traumatic birth experiences as well as pathways leading to positive experiences become tangible. Identifying key dimensions of the birth experience may help inform education and research in the field of birth experiences and gives guidance to practitioners and policy makers on how to promote positive birth experiences for women and their partners.
Q-Herilearn: Assessing heritage learning in digital environments. A mixed approach with factor and IRT models
Authors: Fontal Olaia , Ibañez-Etxeberria Alex , Arias Víctor B. , Arias Benito
Published: March 2024

The assessment of heritage learning in digital environments lacks instruments that measure it with sufficient guarantees of accuracy, validity, and reliability. This study attempts to fill this gap by developing an instrument that has shown solid metric qualities. The process of design and calibration of a scale applied to 1,454 participants between 19 and 63 years of age is presented in this article. Exploratory factor analysis (Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling ESEM) and Item Response Theory models (Graded Response Model GRM) were used. Sufficient evidence of both reliability and validity based on content and internal structure was obtained. Invariance of scores as a function of gender and age of participants has also been demonstrated. The discrimination parameters of the items have been found to be high, and the test information curves have shown that the subscales measure with sufficient precision wide ranges of the respective latent variables. The instrument presents wide possibilities of application to various areas of Heritage Education (e.g., design of programs in HE, definition and planning of teaching objectives, evaluation of programs, etc., in virtual environments).
Nation-wide survey of oral care practice in Japanese intensive care units: A descriptive study
Authors: Kuribara Tomoki , Unoki Takeshi , Yamakita Sachika , Hashimoto Naoya , Yoshino Yasuyo , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Aikawa Gen , Okamoto Saiko
Published: March 2024

Oral care for critically ill patients helps provide comfort and prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. However, a standardized protocol for oral care in intensive care units is currently unavailable. Thus, this study aimed to determine the overall oral care practices, including those for intubated patients, in Japanese intensive care units. We also discuss the differences in oral care methods between Japanese ICUs and ICUs in other countries. This study included all Japanese intensive care units meeting the authorities’ standard set criteria, with a minimum of 0.5 nurses per patient at all times and admission of adult patients requiring mechanical ventilation. An online survey was used to collect data. Survey responses were obtained from one representative nurse per intensive care unit. Frequency analysis was performed, and the percentage of each response was calculated. A total of 609 hospitals and 717 intensive care units nationwide participated; among these, responses were collected from 247 intensive care units (34.4%). Of these, 215 (87.0%) and 32 (13.0%) reported standardized and non-standardized oral care, respectively. Subsequently, the data from 215 intensive care units that provided standardized oral care were analyzed in detail. The most common frequency of practicing oral care was three times a day (68.8%). Moreover, many intensive care units provided care at unequal intervals (79.5%), mainly in the morning, daytime, and evening. Regarding oral care methods, 96 (44.7%) respondents used only a toothbrush, while 116 (54.0%) used both a toothbrush and a non-brushing method. The findings of our study reveal current oral care practices in ICUs in Japan. In particular, most ICUs provide oral care three times a day at unequal intervals, and almost all use toothbrushes as a common tool for oral care. The results suggest that some oral care practices in Japanese ICUs differ from those in ICUs in other countries.
Effect of spironolactone on survival in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Kang Seok Hui , Kim Bo Yeon , Son Eun Jung , Kim Gui Ok , Do Jun Young
Published: March 2024

Background

Previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the advantages or disadvantages of spironolactone use in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This study aimed to evaluate survival according to the use of spironolactone in a large sample of patients undergoing maintenance HD.

Methods

This retrospective study used laboratory and clinical data from the national HD Quality Assessment Program and claims data. The participants of the quality assessment program were patients who had been undergoing maintenance HD for ≥ 3 months, patients undergoing HD at least twice a week. Patients with no spironolactone prescription during the assessment periods were designated as the control group. Patients with one or more prescriptions of spironolactone during the assessment periods were assigned to the SPR group.

Results

The number of patients in the control and SPR groups were 54,588 and 315, respectively. The 5-year survival rates were 69.1% and 59.1% in the control and SPR groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Cox regression analyses showed that the hazard ratio in the SPR group was 1.34 (P < 0.001) in univariate analysis and 1.13 (P = 0.249) in multivariable analysis. Univariate Cox-regression analysis showed a better patient survival rate in the control group than in the SPR group; however, multivariable analyses showed similar patient survival rates between the two groups.

Conclusion

This study showed no difference in survival between patients undergoing HD with and without spironolactone use.
Arqueología del vacío: un estudio periodístico (2016-2021)
Authors: Castelló Enric
Published: March 2024

Este artículo analiza la irrupción y desarrollo de los conceptos «España vacía» y «España vaciada» entre 2016 y 2021 en dos periódicos españoles: El País y El Mundo. La primera parte expone un análisis del contenido sobre las piezas que trataron sobre estos conceptos y la segunda desarrolla un análisis del discurso durante el periodo. Se identifican tres estratos clave en esta arqueología conceptual: 2016-2019, en el que nace, se divulga y muta el concepto de «España vacía», acuñado en el ensayo de Sergio del Molino (2016); 2019-2020, en el que aflora «España vaciada», adoptado por un movimiento político en el contexto de dos elecciones generales en 2019; y 2020-2021, cuando maduran ambas variantes en una situación pandémica en la que se especializan los usos en regularidades del discurso. El artículo plantea una aproximación metodológica mixta con la combinación de datos cuantitativos y el uso de los conceptos de aproximación foucaldiana de discontinuidad, difracción, regularidad y formación discursiva. Al final del artículo el autor ofrece una reflexión especulativa de corte psicoanalítico sobre el éxito sociopolítico del discurso de la España vacía.
Sweet or Not? Azathioprine-Induced Sweet Syndrome Mimicking Erythema Nodosum in a Patient With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Shah Yash R. , Tiwari Angad , Mansour Ramy , Rabinowitz Loren G.
Published: March 2024

This case report highlights the clinical challenge and need to distinguish Sweet syndrome and erythema nodosum (EN) in a 50-year-old woman with newly initiated azathioprine for inflammatory bowel disease. While she initially presented with clinical features concerning for drug-induced Sweet syndrome, a subsequent histopathological examination confirmed early-stage EN. Both Sweet syndrome and EN share common triggers and therapeutic responses, but have distinctive clinical characteristics. Subtle histologic differences also exist in lesion distribution and depth of infiltration. This case underscores the need for accurate differentiation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease to initiate appropriate management and avoid potential complications.
Citrus sinensis Peel Extract Synergistically Enhances the Cytotoxic Effect of Chemotherapeutic Agents on HepG2 Cells
Authors: Zufairo Shofa Khamdanatuz , Rahmawati Desty Restia , Meiyanto Edy , Susidarti Ratna Asmah
Published: March 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (Cis), non-specific chemotherapeutic agents used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are frequently combined with synthetic or natural agents to enhance their cytotoxic effects. Citrus sinensis peel extract (CPE) serves as a natural source of flavonoids, including sinensetin (SIN), which has the potential to increase the efficacy of DOX and Cis. This study aimed to observe the effect of CPE and SIN one of CPE compounds, in enhancing liver cancer cell susceptibility to doxorubicin and cisplatin. The assays conducted in this study included a phytochemical analysis of CPE using TLC, cell viability assays against HepG2 cells using MTT assay in both single and combination forms, and cell viability assays on Vero cells. The result confirmed the presence of SIN as one of the compounds in CPE. Both CPE and SIN, when used individually, exhibited moderate cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells with IC50 of 101.09 μg/mL and 83.13 μM, respectively, while showing no cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. Cis demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 7.86 μM. DOX exerted a strong cytotoxic effect on both HepG2 and Vero cells, with the IC50 of 2.52 μM and 13.98 μM. It was observed that CPE was able to synergistically enhance the cytotoxic effects of DOX, and SIN synergistically increased the cytotoxicity of Cis, particularly against HepG2 cells, with CI<1.0.Keywords: CPE, SIN, Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, HCC.
Practical Marketing System as a Solution to Limited Labor and Post-Harvest Processing Areas for Rice
Authors: ARISENA Gede Mekse Korri , DARMAWAN Dwi Putra , SUKENDAR Ni Made Classia , DEWI Ni Luh Made Indah Murdyani , KRISNANDIKA Anak Agung Keswari , DUNENSA Dina Lare
Published: March 2024

The majority of rice farmers in Denpasar City chose a practical marketing system, this system implements rice sales based on estimated production results. Farmers generally sell their produce when the rice is approaching harvest time. The buyer determines the purchase price for rice by estimating the number of transaction objects after carefully observing and viewing the rice to be harvested. With this system, farmers no longer need to think about the availability of labor to harvest, transport the harvest home, dry the grain until it reaches a certain level of dryness. The novelty of this research is conducting in-depth research on the practice of buying and selling rice using a practical marketing system in Denpasar City. This research will also examine in depth the practical marketing system from two sides, namely from the perspective of farmers and buyers. The results of this research reveal that the practice of buying and selling rice using a practical marketing system in Denpasar City involves farmers as sellers and buyers who are usually called penebas. The reason why farmers choose a practical marketing system is that this system is considered more profitable for farmers with all the limitations of farming in urban areas, where farmers only need to care for the rice they plant until it is ready to harvest.
A note on the classification of positive solutions to the critical p-Laplace equation in
R
n

${\mathbb{R}}^{n}$
Authors: Vétois Jérôme
Published: March 2024

In this note, we obtain a classification result for positive solutions to the critical p-Laplace equation in

R

n

${\mathbb{R}}^{n}$

with n ≥ 4 and p > p

n
for some number

p

n

∈

n

3

,

n
+
1

3

${p}_{n}\in \left(\frac{n}{3},\frac{n+1}{3}\right)$

such that

p

n

∼

n

3

+

1

n

${p}_{n}\sim \frac{n}{3}+\frac{1}{n}$

, which improves upon a similar result obtained by Ou (“On the classification of entire solutions to the critical p-Laplace equation,” 2022, arXiv:2210.05141) under the condition

p
≥

n
+
1

3

$p\ge \frac{n+1}{3}$

.
Top-down Chinese as a second language reading strategies
Authors: Lin Jia , Gao Gengsong , Huang Ting
Published: March 2024

This study investigated how 22 college-level Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners used reading strategies when reading essays of various genres in a strategies-based reading instruction program, in which they were explicitly taught ten top-down reading strategies. In addition to strategy use frequency and preference, this study explored the interrelationships among multiple strategies and whether strategy use frequency correlated with reading proficiency. Qualitative and quantitative data analyses revealed that the most frequently used strategies included previewing, anticipating, making a summary, and attending selectively. They were used in combination with other strategies in an orchestrated way. This study did not find a significant correlation between reading proficiency and total strategy use frequency or the frequency of using any single strategy. Strategy use frequency alone, without considering strategy use accuracy and appropriateness, might not be a good indicator of reading proficiency. This study provides an in-depth analysis of how CSL readers used single strategies and blended multiple strategies. Its findings shed light on second language learners’ reading process, reading difficulties, and the rationales behind their strategy use. Pedagogical implications are provided for CSL teachers regarding how to embed explicit strategy training into reading classes.
Another member out of the family: the description of manner of gait in Changana verbs of motion
Authors: Menete Sérgio N. , Jiang Guiying
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we show that the widely accepted tendency that manner of motion is described in greater detail in S-languages than in V-languages does not hold for all natural languages. Based on the analysis of manner of gait verbs applying the “lexical approach” (Kövecses, Zoltán. 2015. Surprise as a conceptual category. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 13(1). 270–290), this study shows that in the manner verb lexicon parameter, manner description in Changana (a V-language) is more nuanced than in prototypical S-languages like English (Talmy, Leonard. 2000. Toward a cognitive semantics, vol. II. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press). Contrary to the general tendency of V-languages, Changana presents a rich vocabulary of manner verbs and ideophones that cover many semantic dimensions. Our results suggest that while preserving some features of V-languages, Changana also makes distinctions that are usually only attested in S-languages, even exploring manner dimensions not often explored in S-languages. Our findings suggest that Changana is another language that does not fit well into Talmy’s well-established motion events typology.
Negotiating epistemic asymmetries during crisis management exercises: Pre-emptive and corrective practices
Authors: Rautiainen Iira , Oittinen Tuire
Published: March 2024

This study investigates interactional practices to negotiate epistemic asymmetries in multinational crisis management training in which English is used as a lingua franca (ELF). More specifically, we focus on exercises that include patrolling as well as other activities in which the trainees move by and interact in a vehicle. These exercises can be seen as “high stakes” environments that make orientation to urgency and safety issues relevant in the coordination of social conduct. Drawing on video recordings and ethnographic field notes from two United Nations military observer courses and using conversation analysis (CA), we examine moments in the exercises where the trainees orient to knowledge-related (i.e., epistemic) asymmetries in the upcoming or ongoing task. The analysis shows how these moments emerge and become solved in the moment-by-moment organization of interaction via utilization of verbal, linguistic and multimodal resources. We illustrate how some moments in the exercises allow the implementation of pre-emptive practices, whereas others call for corrective strategies and halting the ongoing task-related activity. The study sheds light on the situated practices the trainees use to establish mutual understanding and to advance goal-oriented activities in a mobile environment, and it promotes the temporal and sequential organization of social actions as key for collaborative work in crisis management training.
Validation of coupled ATHLET-OpenFOAM simulation on a large-scale single- and two-phase flow experiment
Authors: Yang Zhi , Herb Joachim , Papukchiev Angel
Published: March 2024

System thermal-hydraulics (STH) codes are successfully used in the last decades for design and analysis of the physical behavior of nuclear power plants (NPPs). These programs provide reliable results at comparatively low computational cost, but have limited capabilities to predict complex 3D flow phenomena, which is possible with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools. In order to combine the advantages of STH and CFD codes, algorithms to couple these are developed. At GRS, a new OpenFOAM solver, based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method, was developed together with new coupling boundary conditions to couple the CFD program OpenFOAM with the system code ATHLET. In a next step, verification and validation activities were carried out. These included the analysis of a Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) scenario. For this purpose, data from the OECD/NEA ROSA V Test 1.1, carried out in the Japanese Large-Scale Test Facility (LSTF) was used. The experiment investigated the temperature stratification after emergency core cooling (ECC) injection under single- and two-phase natural circulation conditions in the primary cooling circuit of a pressurized water reactor (PWR). This paper discusses the results of the coupled simulations, compares the numerical results with experimental data, and identifies areas for future improvements.
The delivery of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) self-amplifying mRNA via modified lipid nanoparticles as a potential treatment for drug-resistant and metastatic cancers
Authors: Reznik Sandra E. , Tiwari Amit K. , Chavda Vivek , Ashby Jr Charles R.
Published: March 2024

The protein, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a tumor suppressor, is significantly decreased or absent in many types of cancer. There is a significant negative correlation between the levels of NDRG2 and the development and progression of cancer tumor recurrence and tumor invasion, in different cancers. In contrast, the in vitro and in vivo overexpression of the NDRG2 protein decreases the proliferation, growth, adhesion and migration of many types of cancer cells. The in vitro overexpression of NDRG2 increases the efficacy of certain anticancer drugs in specific types of cancer cells. We hypothesize that the delivery of the mRNA of the NDRG2 protein, encapsulated by lipid nanoparticles, could represent a potential treatment of metastatic and drug-resistant cancers. This would be accomplished using a self-amplifying mRNA that encodes the NDRG2 protein and an RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase, obtained from an in vitrotranscribed (IVT) mRNA. The IVT mRNA would be encapsulated in a lipid nanoformulation. The efficacy of the nanoformulation would be determined in cultured cancer cells and if the results are positive, nude mice transplanted with either drug-resistant or metastatic drug-resistant cancer cells, would be treated with the nano- formulation and monitored for efficacy and adverse effects. If the appropriate preclinical studies indicate this formulation is efficacious and safe, it is possible it could be evaluated in clinical trials.
Flat-Back vs. Arched-Back Bench Press: Examining the Different Techniques Performed by Power Athletes
Authors: Bartolomei Sandro , Caroli Emanuele , Coloretti Vittorio , Rosaci Giuseppe , Cortesi Matteo , Coratella Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

Bartolomei, S, Caroli, E, Coloretti, V, Rosaci, G, Cortesi, M, and Coratella, G. Flat-back vs. arched-back bench press: Examining the different techniques performed by power athletes. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1200–1205, 2024—The International Powerlifting Federation recently changed the regulations concerning the bench press (BP) technique, not allowing an accentuated dorsal arch anymore. We investigated the difference between the flat-back vs. arched-back BP performed by competitive powerlifters as concerns the following parameters: (a) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and barbell displacement; (b) mean and peak barbell velocity and power, and (c) the excitation of the prime movers. Fifteen highly resistance trained individuals (BP 1RM/body mass ratio: 1.38 ± 0.18) performed the flat-back and arched-back BP at their 50, 70, and 90% of the respective 1RM and performed each lift with the intent to maximally accelerate the barbell. Barbell displacement and velocity, power, and the excitation of the upper and lower pectoralis and triceps brachii were assessed. The 1RM was greater with the arched-back BP (+4.2 Kg, 95% confidence intervals + 0.0/+8.4, effect size [ES]: 0.22), whereas the barbell displacement was greater with the flat-back BP for all loads (ES from 0.40 to 0.61). Greater mean (+0.052 m·s−1, 0.016/0.088, ES: 0.42) and peak barbell velocity (+0.068 m·s−1, +0.026/0.110, ES: 0.27) were observed in the flat-back BP, whereas power did not differ. The excitation of upper and lower pectoralis was similar, while an overall trend for an increased activation of triceps brachii was noted in the arched-back vs. flat-back BP. Interestingly, no between-load difference in the excitation of upper and lower pectoralis was observed (p > 0.05). Depending on the training purposes, both flat-back and arched-back BP may be used. The present outcomes may assist practitioners and competitive powerlifters to inform training session.
A Psychoanalyst's Confrontation With Illness, Aging, and Death
Authors: Carveth Donald L.
Published: March 2024

Offering a personal example, the author argues for the protocols of respectful, confidential, and responsible institutional support as a corrective to an individual clinician's lack of optimal judgment when facing difficult clinical challenges or personal crises.