bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ediacaran–Cambrian transition in the Cantabrian Zone (northern Spain): sub-Cambrian weathering, K-metasomatism and provenance of detrital series
Authors: Ugidos J. M. , Barba P. , Valladares M. I. , Suárez M. , Ellam R. M.
Published: April 2016

The Upper Ediacaran detrital succession in the Cantabrian Zone shows geochemical and mineralogical changes resulting from sub-Cambrian weathering during the Late Ediacaran worldwide sea-level fall. Relative to the unaltered rocks the altered ones show crosscutting rubefaction of varying thickness and remarkable increase in illite, K
2
O, Rb and Cs indicating K-metasomatism, and also depletion in MgO, CaO, Na
2
O, Be and Sr, but not in Zr, Nb, Y or Sc. The basal Cambrian siliciclastic rocks mostly consist of detritus derived from the Ediacaran materials, as demonstrated by the geochemical and Nd-isotope data (
ε
Nd
(
t
) ranges are −3.4 to −2.1 and −3.6 to −1.8, respectively). However, these geochemical features of the basal Cambrian change upwards to more evolved compositions with lower
ε
Nd
(
t
) values (−4.9 to −5.8). This change coincides with the Ediacaran–Cambrian unconformity in the Central Iberian Zone, and the Ediacaran siliclastic rocks of this zone and their unaltered equivalents of the Cantabrian Zone share the same geochemical features. This geochemical homogeneity rules out a significant coeval juvenile contribution to the Upper Ediacaran series. Thus, the juvenile supply was from a geological setting different from that in which the Ediacaran series were finally deposited.

Supplementary material:
Details of sampling, sample location, analytical techniques, diffractograms, tables of analyses and figures are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2850016
.
Mitochondrial Gene Expression: A Playground of Evolutionary Tinkering
Authors: Neupert Walter
Published: April 2016

This article introduces the Mitochondria theme of the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 85.
FABP4is a leading candidate gene associated with residual feed intake in growing Holstein calves
Authors: Cohen-Zinder Miri , Asher Aviv , Lipkin Ehud , Feingersch Roi , Agmon Rotem , Karasik David , Brosh Arieh , Shabtay Ariel
Published: April 2016

Ecological and economic concerns drive the need to improve feed utilization by domestic animals. Residual feed intake (RFI) is one of the most acceptable measures for feed efficiency (FE). However, phenotyping RFI-related traits is complex and expensive and requires special equipment. Advances in marker technology allow the development of various DNA-based selection tools. To assimilate these technologies for the benefit of RFI-based selection, reliable phenotypic measures are prerequisite. In the current study, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RFI phenotypic consistency across different ages and diets (named RFI 1–3), using DNA samples of high or low RFI ranked Holstein calves. Using targeted sequencing of chromosomal regions associated with FE- and RFI-related traits, we identified 48 top SNPs significantly associated with at least one of three defined RFIs. Eleven of these SNPs were harbored by the fatty acid binding protein 4 ( FABP4). While 10 significant SNPs found in FABP4 were common for RFI 1 and RFI 3, one SNP (FABP4_5; A<G substitution), in the promoter region of the gene, was significantly associated with all three RFIs. As the three RFI classes reflect changing diets and ages with concomitant RFI phenotypic consistency, the above polymorphisms and in particular FABP4_5, might be considered possible markers for RFI-based selection for FE in the Holstein breed, following a larger-scale validation.
Taste of Fat: A Sixth Taste Modality?
Authors: Besnard Philippe , Passilly-Degrace Patricia , Khan Naim A.
Published: April 2016

An attraction for palatable foods rich in lipids is shared by rodents and humans. Over the last decade, the mechanisms responsible for this specific eating behavior have been actively studied, and compelling evidence implicates a taste component in the orosensory detection of dietary lipids [i.e., long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)], in addition to textural, olfactory, and postingestive cues. The interactions between LCFA and specific receptors in taste bud cells (TBC) elicit physiological changes that affect both food intake and digestive functions. After a short overview of the gustatory pathway, this review brings together the key findings consistent with the existence of a sixth taste modality devoted to the perception of lipids. The main steps leading to this new paradigm (i.e., chemoreception of LCFA in TBC, cell signaling cascade, transfer of lipid signals throughout the gustatory nervous pathway, and their physiological consequences) will be critically analyzed. The limitations to this concept will also be discussed in the light of our current knowledge of the sense of taste. Finally, we will analyze the recent literature on obesity-related dysfunctions in the orosensory detection of lipids (“fatty” taste?), in relation to the overconsumption of fat-rich foods and the associated health risks.
Defining a Population of Stem-like Human Prostate Cancer Cells That Can Generate and Propagate Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Qiuhui , Liu Xin , Liu Can , Liu Ruifang , Rycaj Kiera , Zhang Dingxiao , Liu Bigang , Jeter Collene , Calhoun-Davis Tammy , Lin Kevin , Lu Yue , Chao Hsueh-Ping , Shen Jianjun , Tang Dean G.
Published: April 2016

Purpose: We have shown that the phenotypically undifferentiated (PSA−/lo) prostate cancer cell population harbors long-term self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSC) that resist castration, and a subset of the cells within the PSA−/lo population bearing the ALDHhiCD44+α2β1+ phenotype (Triple Marker+/TM+) is capable of robustly initiating xenograft tumors in castrated mice. The goal of the current project is to further characterize the biologic properties of TM+ prostate cancer cell population, particularly in the context of initiating and propagating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Experimental Design: The in vivo CSC activities were measured by limiting-dilution serial tumor transplantation assays in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer xenograft models. In vitro clonal, clonogenic, and sphere-formation assays were conducted in cells purified from xenograft and patient tumors. qPCR, Western blot, lentiviral-mediated gene knockdown, and human microRNA arrays were performed for mechanistic studies.

Results: By focusing on the LAPC9 model, we show that the TM+ cells are CSCs with both tumor-initiating and tumor-propagating abilities for CRPC. Moreover, primary patient samples have TM+ cells, which possess CSC activities in “castrated” culture conditions. Mechanistically, we find that (i) the phenotypic markers are causally involved in CRPC development; (ii) the TM+ cells preferentially express castration resistance and stem cell–associated molecules that regulate their CSC characteristics; and (iii) the TM+ cells possess distinct microRNA expression profiles and miR-499-5p functions as an oncomir.

Conclusions: Our results define the TM+ prostate cancer cells as a population of preexistent stem-like cancer cells that can both mediate and propagate CRPC and highlight the TM+ cell population as a therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4505–16. ©2016 AACR.
A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Novel Locus for Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in European Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Magrangeas Florence , Kuiper Rowan , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Gouraud Wilfried , Guérin-Charbonnel Catherine , Ferrer Ludovic , Aussem Alexandre , Elghazel Haytham , Suhard Jérôme , Der Sakissian Henri , Attal Michel , Munshi Nikhil C. , Sonneveld Pieter , Dumontet Charles , Moreau Philippe , van Duin Mark , Campion Loïc , Minvielle Stéphane
Published: April 2016

Purpose: Painful peripheral neuropathy is a frequent toxicity associated with bortezomib therapy. This study aimed to identify loci that affect susceptibility to this toxicity.

Experimental Design: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 370,605 SNPs was performed to identify risk variants for developing severe bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BiPN) in 469 patients with multiple myeloma who received bortezomib–dexamethasone therapy prior to autologous stem cell in randomized clinical trials of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM) and findings were replicated in 114 patients with multiple myeloma of the HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 clinical trial.

Results: An SNP in the PKNOX1 gene was associated with BiPN in the exploratory cohort [rs2839629; OR, 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45–2.44; P = 7.6 × 10−6] and in the replication cohort (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, = 1.11–3.33; P = 8.3 × 10−3). In addition, rs2839629 is in strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.87) with rs915854, located in the intergenic region between PKNOX1 and cystathionine-ß-synthetase (CBS). Expression quantitative trait loci mapping showed that both rs2839629 and rs915854 genotypes have an impact on PKNOX1 expression in nerve tissue, whereas rs2839629 affects CBS expression in skin and blood.

Conclusions: The use of GWAS in multiple myeloma pharmacogenomics has identified a novel candidate genetic locus mapping to PKNOX1 and in the immediate vicinity of CBS at 21q22.3 associated with the severe bortezomib-induced toxicity. The proximity of these two genes involved in neurologic pain whose tissue-specific expression is modified by the two variants provides new targets for neuroprotective strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4350–5. ©2016 AACR.
Toward a Modern Science of Obesity at Washington University: How We Do It and What is the Payoff?
Authors: Colditz Graham A. , Gehlert Sarah , Bowen Deborah J. , Carson Kenneth , Hovmand Peter S. , Lee Jung Ae , Moley Kelle H.
Published: April 2016

In our Cancer Prevention Program at Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), we have made extraordinary efforts to create the kind of cancer prevention and control program that is both translational and transdisciplinary in nature, to accelerate the march from basic discoveries to population change. Here we present an overview of our obesity-related research currently ongoing in our Center, paying particular attention to both the translational– transdisciplinary process and to community-based participatory research. We end with our future directions for improving obesity-related cancer outcomes research. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 503–8. ©2016 AACR.
Glückl von Hameln, Announcer of Jewish Emancipation and of the Jewish Novel in Germany
Authors: Krausz Luis
Published: April 2016

Zichronos, by Glückl von Hameln, a memoir written by a Jewish matriarch from Hamburg at the end of the 17th and at the beginning of the 18th century, under the impact of sabataism and of the War of 30 Years, anticipates a new German-Jewish literary topos by means of the perplexities and doubts it represents. This topos is no longer based on the certainties of the religious doctrine and of traditional wisdom, but on the perception that an abyss exists between the world as it is and the world as it should be. Thus, literature searches for ways to bridge the distance between metaphysical doctrines and human realities, or represents the increasing estrangement and alienation ensuing from this distance. Key works of German-Jewish Literature in the 19th and 20th centuries face this abyss and represent it in a variety of ways. Glückl von Hameln’s autobiography can be understood as a prelude to this genre, founded on incomprehension, perplexity and nostalgia for a world impregnated with sense
The German Teaching in Public Schools from the Perspective of Critical Literacy: a subproject PIBID in focus
Authors: Rozenfeld Cibele Cecilio de Faria
Published: April 2016

This paper aims to reflect about the German language teaching in public schools focused on promoting critical literacy. The starting point was the definition of literacy and literacy critic, relating the latter to the activities developed by undergraduate students in German Studies under the Institutional Program of Introduction to Teaching (PIBID) - subproject German Studies - in two state schools in the State of São Paulo. The reflections presented were based on students´ lesson plans and reflective diaries and on the perceptions of the subproject coordinator. The results point to the potential of the German education in brazilian public schools, not only in order to promote a new language learning, but also as a critical training and civic education
Dea Loher and the Art of Sewing Stories Dramaturgically
Authors: Miguel Júlia Mara Moscardini
Published: April 2016

Dea Loher (1964-), a contemporary German playwright, proposes to her reader/spectator stories that depict the society, leading the public to a reflection about themes that are intrinsic to the reality they are part of. Through a very unique and peculiar style, also through an aesthetic that combines different elements, Loher rethinks political theater emphasizing the disadvantaged, aiming to create spaces so that her interlocutor finds possibilities of transformation. The writer creates characters that, free from a sort of saving utopia, have the option of rebelling or resigning until total disintegration, which guarantees a tragic tendency to the text. Dea Loher compiles a different range of stories that presents sad and mischaracterized figures, without having them play the role of victims, but emphasizing multiple perspectives that lead them to action or to ostracism. An approach that prioritizes the micronarratives and its surrounding relations of power, including questioning the thin line between reality and fiction
Dogeared Hate: Yilmaz Arslan’s Brudermord/Fratricide (2005), a new type of Heimatfilm
Authors: Pleasant Lesley C.
Published: April 2016

Diese Arbeit analysiert die Heimatmetapher der Pitbullhündin in Yilmaz Arslans Brudermord (2005), ein Film, der von türkischen Migranten in Deutschland handelt und der das Filmgenre „Heimatfilm“ modernisiert, um die Welt der flüssigen Grenzen zu reflektieren. Brudermord ist ein Heimatfilm des deutschen Randbereichs und geht davon aus, dass der transnationale Heimatfilm als Mittel der Kluftüberbrückung zwischen Nichtgleichen wirken kann: Er könnte eine Annäherung durch Gespräche anregen, die vielleicht die Gewalt der gegenwärtigen Welt, in der jeder gegen jeden kämpft und in der viele wie Hunde leben und sterben, reduzieren könnte
Realism, seriality and fantastic. Sorts of narrative in the contemporary German Literature
Authors: Baßler Moritz
Published: April 2016

The article is based on two previous publications (BAßLER 2013a; 2013b) and analyses realism as narrative procedure in our present; for this purpose, examples from Germanspeaking literature and television are discussed. The author ascertains, both in the so called high-brow literature and in genres as fantasy and German TV-serials a kind of realism that invokes and confirms the current image of reality and prevalent codes of meaning by conventionalized frames, no matter whether the contents would be classified as realistic or fantastic. This sort of literature is successful because it enables comfortable reading and, at the same time, claims the legitimacy of high literary authenticity. An alternative to this international style of trivial realism seem to be, on the one hand, postmodern and pop-cultural works that expose being constructed by means of quotations and, on the other, procedures like “short cuts” which dissect linear metonymic narrative and assemble it to form a new, complex and meaningful totality
Roman Literature: Translation, Metaphor & Empire
Authors: Bartsch Shadi
Published: April 2016

The Romans understood that translation entails transformation. The Roman term “translatio” stood not only literally for a carrying-across (as by boat) of material from one country to another, but also (metaphorically) for both linguistic translation and metaphorical transformation. These shared usages provide a lens on Roman anxieties about their relationship to Greece, from which they both transferred and translated a literature to call their own. Despite the problematic association of the Greeks with pleasure, rhetoric, and poetic language, the Roman elite argued for the possibility of translation and transformation of Greek texts into a distinctly Roman and authoritative mode of expression. Cicero's hope was that eventually translated Latin texts would replace the Greek originals altogether. In the end, however, the Romans seem to have felt that effeminacy had the last laugh.
Reception Studies: The Cultural Mobility of Classics
Authors: Greenwood Emily
Published: April 2016

In spite of connotations of classics and the classical as an established tradition based around a stable canon, Greek and Roman classical antiquity has never been a fixed object of study. It has changed as our knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome has grown and shifted, and as a function of history, intellectual movements, and taste. Classicists have turned to classical reception studies in an attempt to chart some of the different encounters that various historical audiences have had with Greek and Roman classics, and this wave of research poses interdisciplinary questions about the relation of Greek and Roman classics to world literatures and cultures. The emphasis on classical reception studies offers fresh ways of thinking about the cultural mobility of the classics without appealing to discredited, old-fashioned notions of “timeless importance” or “universal value.” This debate is explored here via a Malawian reception of Sophocles's Antigone.
Memory, Commemoration & Identity in an Ancient City: The Case of Aphrodisias
Authors: Chaniotis Angelos
Published: April 2016

The ancient Greek city of Aphrodisias in Asia Minor presents abundant source material–inscriptions and images–for the study of memory and identity from the late second century bce to the seventh century ce. These sources permit the study of overlapping civic, social, and religious identities, the expression of changing identities through name changes, the significance of memories of war and foundation legends for the transmission of collective and cultural memory, the agency of elite benefactors and intellectuals, the role played by inscriptions in the construction and transmission of memory, and the adaptation of identity to changing contexts, including emerging contacts with Rome, competition with other cities, an elevated position as provincial capital, and the spread of Christianity. In late antiquity–when the importance of religious conflicts increased–personal names, religious symbols, and acclamations became an important medium for the expression of the identity of competing religious groups.
Classics: Curriculum & Profession
Authors: Struck Peter T.
Published: April 2016

The challenges currently facing classicists are not so different from those our profession has faced for the last one hundred and fifty years, and with each challenge, a discipline sometimes imagined by outsiders to be slow to embrace the new has shown itself naturally disposed to experimentation. The discipline's agility derives from the unique degree of variegation in the modes of thinking required to thrive in it: from interpretive, to quantitative, to those relying on knowledge of culture and context. As the value of education is increasingly judged in terms of workforce development, we stand our best chance to thrive by sticking to our strengths, and anchoring our curricular goals and messages to the value of the liberal arts as a whole, as well as the intellectual dexterity that it fosters.
Idiographic Network Visualizations
Authors: Caviglia Giorgio , Coleman Nicole
Published: April 2016

In this article the authors present an ongoing research project aimed at supporting scholars in the exploration of historical networks through a highly visual and interactive environment for the construction and the manipulation of graphs. They briefly illustrate and discuss a set of techniques defined within a multidisciplinary academic context to better integrate scholars and students’ knowledge beyond the graph.
Network Landscape of Western Classical Music
Authors: Bae Arram , Park Doheum , Park Juyong , Ahn Yong-Yeol
Published: April 2016

Network science has shown itself to be useful in understanding a complex system by allowing us to unearth novel and intriguing patterns among its components. It is playing a particularly integral role in understanding social systems where collaboration between people is essential. Music is one such domain, as evidenced by how its centuries-old history is filled with intriguing episodes of collaborations between its central personalities and the influences they exerted on one other. In this article, the authors present their findings in the network understanding of the landscape of collaborations in western classical music.
Recollecting Sam-ness and Watt-ness
Authors: Moorjani Angela
Published: April 2016

I first met Samuel Beckett in 1967 in his flat on boulevard Saint-Jacques the year I had temporarily relocated to Paris on a doctoral fellowship to pursue my research on his fiction. He doesn’t discuss his work, he had written in response to my wish to meet him, but is interested in hearing my views on it …
Partially Purged in Montparnasse
Authors: Pilling John
Published: April 2016

A no doubt far from immaculate conception of how it, er, must have been, in Paris, almost fifty years ago, with Beckett, just a few weeks before he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Remembering (Almost Not Meeting) Beckett
Authors: Gidal Peter
Published: April 2016

Remembering (almost not meeting) Beckett … sitting in a café atop a department store in 1976 with a friend having tea, figuring he’s gonna come out of rehearsals for Footfalls at the Royal Court around lunch time to go eat next door, hopefully, and back thereafter, let’s ambush him at 2 o’clock. Went over from rooftop place across Sloane Square just as he was opening the weighty door elegantly for Billie (Whitelaw).
Quelqu’ un de tellement discret
Authors: Le Saché Bernadette
Published: April 2016

Un homme en pantalon souple dont les jambes se perdent dans celles du pantalon, un gros pull large, qui semblait tricoté par une main experte en confort (on approchait de l’ hiver), telle fut la première image que je reçus de Samuel Beckett, au café de la place du Palais-Royal, où nous l’ attendions avec Roger Blin, qui allait reprendre En attendant Godot. J’ étais alors – nous étions en 1978 – pensionnaire à la Comédie-Française et Roger Blin m’ avait choisie pour être son assistante dans le montage de cette pièce.
“From one world to another”
Authors: Frost Everett C.
Published: April 2016

In this memoir, I recall my discussions with Samuel Beckett in preparation for the “Beckett Festival of Radio Plays” in the late eighties and ranging from there to other topical matters.
Myth and mythologization in ideology and politcs. The mythologization of Japanese identity in the Meiji period
Authors: Lisiecki Marcin
Published: April 2016

Myth and mythologization in ideology and politcs. The mythologization of Japanese identity in the Meiji periodIs myth a word or a thought? Searching for the etymological roots proves to show that it is both. However, does it really exhaust all the possible understandings of the myth and does it enable the grasp of its multiple usages? Answering those questions seems very important not only because we do not have the precise definition of a myth but mainly for that reason that we often fail to notice that it functions in all the societies and political regimes playing quite a vital role at the same time. The purpose of this paper is not only sketching the possible answers but also their exemplification through the example of Japan in the period of Meiji. The choice of that example results from that fact it is a conspicuous example of the way in which political elites are engaged in creating symbols and rituals and in shaping national awareness. The examples of the process of shaping national identity presented in this paper are focused on demonstrating two fundamental myths related to the Emperor, the aim of which was to consolidate the national identity. Mitologizacja japońskiej narodowości. Mit a mitologizowanie narodu. W stronę mitu politycznego w nowożytnej JaponiiCzy mit to słowo, czy myśl? Etymologicznie okazuje się jednym i drugim. Jednakże czy wyczerpuje to możliwe rozumienia mitu oraz umożliwia uchwycenie jego rozlicznych zastosowań? Odpowiedzi na te pytania wydają się niezwykle ważne nie tylko dlatego, że nie posiadamy precyzyjnej definicji mitu, lecz przede wszystkim z tego względu, że często nie dostrzegamy, że funkcjonuje on we wszystkich społeczeństwach i systemach politycznych, pełniąc w nich niezwykle ważne role. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest nie tylko zarysowanie możliwych odpowiedzi, lecz także ich egzemplifikacja na przykładzie Japonii w okresie Meiji. Wybór tego przypadku wynika z tego, że stanowi on czytelny przykład tego, w jaki sposób elity polityczne angażują się w kreowanie symboli i rytuałów oraz kształtowanie świadomości narodowej. Przedstawione w artykule przykłady procesu kształtowania tożsamości narodowej skupione są na ukazaniu dwóch podstawowych mitów związanych z cesarzem, których zadaniem było konsolidowanie tożsamości narodowej.
Štefan Polakovič - słowacki ideolog i teoretyk narodu
Authors: Chrobak Tadeusz
Published: April 2016

Štefan Polakovič - slovak ideologue and theoretician of the nationŠtefan Polakowice is a leading representative of the philosophy of the people inSlovakia. The opinions of Š. Polakovič about the nation changed. In the early period of creativeness he characterized the nation in terms of the organism. In his late works he was examining the substance of the nation in terms of atomism and moderate individualism. The fundamental metaphysical thesis about the existence of the nation is the one that the nation, just like a man, is a creation of God. Hence, the nation has the tasks to be accomplished designated by God. It is the duty of creative members of the nation to recognize the will of God in relation to the nation. Š. Polakovič in connection with the diversity concept of the nation recognized the need for existence of philosophical science of the nation - nationology. Nationology is to examine fundamental issues metaphysical, epistemological and axiological of the nation as being incomparable with any other object. Štefan Polakovič - słowacki ideolog i teoretyk naroduŠtefan Polakovič jest czołowym przedstawicielem filozofii narodu na Słowacji. Poglądy Š. Polakovicia na naród zmieniały się. We wczesnym okresie twórczości naród charakteryzował on w kategoriach organizmu. W późnej twórczości analizował istotę narodu w kategoriach atomizmu i umiarkowanego indywidualizmu. Zasadniczą tezą metafizyczną dotyczącą istnienia narodu jest twierdzenie, że naród, tak jak człowiek, jest tworem Boga. Stąd też naród ma zadania do zrealizowania, wyznaczone mu przez Boga. Obowiązkiem twórczych członków narodu jest rozpoznanie woli Boga w stosunku do narodu. Š. Polakovič w związku z różnorodnością koncepcji narodu uznał, że konieczna jest filozoficzna nauka o narodzie – nacjologia. Nacjologia ma badać fundamentalne zagadnienia metafizyczne, epistemologiczne i aksjologiczne narodu, jako bytu nieporównywalnego z żadnym innym obiektem.
Ochrona kultury narodowej w koncepcjach współczesnej prawicy narodowej w Polsce
Authors: Radomski Grzegorz
Published: April 2016

Protection of natural culture in concepts of the contemporary National Right Wing in PolandIn the centre of the system of values of the National Right Wing which revived after 1989 there are still nation, family and religion. The nation as community of culture is in opinion of the said parties exposed to dangers. The main risks are in their opinion as follows: cosmopolitism, Communist ideology, individualism, liberalism; secularization.In Poland, such ideas are, in the opinion of the National Right Wing, propagated by the liberal and post-communist circles. In the beginning they demanded that the communist activists are brought to justice. Some columnists refer to antisemitism. They perceive also the fall of the literary output. They assess critically the novels of Czesław Miłosz, Stanisław Barańczak or Olga Tokarczuk. Similar assessments regard the works of Polish historians. As preventive measures the following is mentioned: appropriate educational activity, statutory protection of national heritage, broadening of Catholicism, promotion of national culture. They attach great importance to the national branding. Its components are history, language, political regime, architecture, literature, art, religion, icons landscape, music. They would probably accept the opinion of Michael Porter: “Many contemporary discussions of international competition stress global homogenization and a diminished role for nations. But, in truth, national differences are at the heart of competitive success.” Ochrona kultury narodowej w koncepcjach współczesnej prawicy narodowej w PolsceW centrum systemu wartości odrodzonego po 1989 roku ruchu narodowego pozostają naród, rodzina i religia. Naród, traktowany jako wspólnota kultury, narażony jest w ocenie wspominanych wyżej środowisk na liczne zagrożenia. Za najgroźniejsze uznają one: kosmopolityzm, ideologię komunistyczną, indywidualizm, liberalizm, sekularyzację. W Polsce wspomniane idee mają być propagowane przez środowiska liberalne i postkomunistyczne. W wypowiedziach publicystów narodowych pojawiają się także akcenty antysemickie. Krytyczna ocena dotyczy też współczesnej polskiej literatury, a zwłaszcza twórczości Czesława Miłosza, Stanisława Barańczaka czy Olgi Tokarczuk. Podobne oceny odnoszone są do prac polskich historyków. Za istotną uznano więc puryfikację kultury narodowej. Wśród środków zaradczych środowiska narodowe proponują: rozwój edukacji historycznej, ochronę dziedzictwa narodowego, rozwój katolicyzmu i promocję kultury narodowej. W tym ostatnim wypadku za niezwykle ważny uznają one branding narodowy. Jego podstawowe składniki to historia, język, architektura, krajobraz, reżim polityczny itp. Polscy narodowcy zapewne zaakceptowaliby opinię sformułowaną przez Michaela Portera. Twierdzi on, iż co prawda nastąpiła globalna homogenizacja, ale podkreślanie odrębności narodowej jest źródłem sukcesu.
Development of a simple model to characterize the complex constrained polymer chains in polymer nanocomposites at the interphase of amorphous/semicrystalline ethylene vinyl acetate and nanosheets
Authors: Yousefzade Omid , Garmabi Hamid
Published: April 2016

A simple model was developed to characterize the constrained polymer chains at the interphase of amorphous/semicrystalline polymer nanocomposites based on ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and some nanosheets such as expanded graphite, graphene and organo-modified montmorillonite. It was found that this method is a useful tool to describe the reinforcement efficiency of nanoparticles. Models were developed using dynamical mechanical thermal analysis data to identify the interphase properties. The volume fraction of constrained polymer chains shows power law relationship with filler content. Since the total volume fraction consists of the confined polymer chains at the surface of nanoparticles and in crystal lamellas, the contribution of nanosheet interphase was evaluated separately. Moreover, the thickness of constructed interphase between polymer chains and nanosheets were predicted using the filler characteristics in the polymer nanocomposites. This implies that the dispersion state of nanofiller in polymeric nanocomposites can be obtained by using this simple model.
Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and predictive modeling in the solidification of poly(cyclohexylene dimethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate) melt
Authors: Zhou Ying-Guo , Wu Wen-Bin , Lu Gui-Yun , Zou Jun
Published: April 2016

Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polycyclohexylene dimethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate (PCCE) were investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isothermal melt crystallization kinetics were analyzed using the traditional Avrami equation. Non-isothermal melt crystallization kinetics data obtained from DSC were analyzed using the extended Avrami relation and a combination of the Avrami equation and the Ozawa relationship. The glass transition temperature, equilibrium melting point, isothermal crystallization activation energy, and non-isothermal crystallization activation energy were determined. Furthermore, a predictive method based on the Nakamura model was proposed and was used to describe the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics based on the isothermal experimental data. The results suggested that the original Nakamura equation was not successful in describing the non-isothermal crystallization of PCCE over a wide range of cooling rates. It was found that the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PCCE, over a wide range of cooling rates, could best be described by modifying the differential Nakamura equation to include a varied Avrami index.
Tracheoinnominate Artery Fistula as a Complication of Radiation Therapy
Authors: Reiter David , Piccone Bruce R. , Littman Philip , Lisker Sheldon A.
Published: April 2016

Tracheoinnominate artery fistulization is a well‐known complication of tracheostomy and of tracheal resection. The first known occurrence of this problem in a patient in whom no transtracheal procedure had ever been performed is reported, and high‐dose radiation therapy delivered three years before for a mediastinal malignancy is suggested as the cause. No evidence of tumor was found in or adjacent to the tracheovascular communication.

The tracheoinnominate artery fistula must be considered a potential complication of radiation therapy as well as of surgery.
Klebsiella Rhinoscleromatis: A Clinical and Pathogenic Enigma
Authors: Miller Robert H. , Shulman Joel B. , Canalis Rinaldo F. , Ward Paul H.
Published: April 2016

Rhinoscleroma is a chronic, slowly progressive, infectious disease of the respiratory tract that can produce disability and death, if untreated. Once considered an anomaly in the United States, the disease is now seen more frequently in this country, owing to increased travel from endemic areas. This report presents a comprehensive review of the several types of therapy that have been published in the literature. The results of a clinical experiment are also presented.
Suggestions for Monitoring Patients During Treatment with Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Authors: Lerner Stephen A. , Matz Gregory J.
Published: April 2016

Guidelines are suggested for the surveillance and prevention of ototoxicity in adults, based on experience and a compilation of opinions from otolaryngologists and infectious disease specialists. The influence of dosage and renal function on serum levels and their relevance to ototoxicity are discussed. Indications for testing of inner ear function are considered.
Benign Chondroblastoma of The Temporal Bone
Authors: Harner Stephen G. , Cody D. Thane R. , Dahlin David C.
Published: April 2016

Benign chondroblastoma is a rare tumor in the temporal bone. It occurs preponderantly in middle‐aged men as a mass in the posterosuperior region of the ear canal and is accompanied by hearing loss. On pathologic examination, giant cells and focal regions of chondroid differentiation are noted. After the extent of the tumor has been determined, the treatment is surgical removal. Preoperative irradiation may be helpful. Long‐term follow‐up is essential.
Stapedius Muscle Function Tests in the Diagnosis of Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Johns Michael E. , Ruth Roger A. , Jahrsdoerfer Robert A. , Cantrell Robert W.
Published: April 2016

Muscle weakness and different patterns of fatigability are frequently seen in neuromuscular disorders. The value of a battery of stapedial muscle function tests in the diagnosis and management of these disorders has been evaluated. Each test of stapedial muscle function is described, and case examples of these tests in various neuromuscular disorders including myasthenia gravis and idiopathic facial nerve paralysis are reported.
Hypercoagulability as a Cause of Sudden Neurosensory Hearing Loss
Authors: Zajtchuk Joan T. , Falor William H. , Rhodes Miller F.
Published: April 2016

Fourteen patients with a documented sudden neurosensory hearing loss and four patients with other diseases causing neurosensory hearing loss were studied. The standardized coagulation workup included hematocrit, activated partial thromboplastin generation time, thrombin generation, prothrombin time, phase platelet count, platelet adhesivity, protamine sulfate, serum antithrombin III activity, fibrinogen, and Factor VIII values. Only those patients having documented evidence of a neurosensory hearing loss occurring within hours or days were included in this study. Eight of the 14 patients with a documented sudden neurosensory hearing loss satisfied our laboratory criteria for a diagnosis of in vitro hypercoagulability. Three of these patients had abnormal thrombin generation values, 4 had abnormal serum antithrombin III values, and 1 had an elevated platelet count Four other patients with other diseases causing neurosensory hearing loss did not show evidence of in vitro hypercoagulability. It would appear from this data that coagulation abnormalities play a role in the pathogenesis of sudden neurosensory hearing loss.
Anterior Cervical Pain Syndromes
Authors: Karlan Marc S. , Beroza Lawrence , Cassisi Nicholas J.
Published: April 2016

The paucity of clinical findings in patients with glossopharyngeal neuralgia, superior laryngeal neuralgia, styloid process syndrome, hyoid syndrome, or carotidynia presents an enigma to the patient and the physician. Manifest symptoms appear extraneous or incongruous unless the essential element is identified. Common to all these syndromes is the radiation of pain over the neck and face, starting from the anterior cervical area of the neck.

Case histories of seven patients are presented. The rationale of underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms is discussed and supported by relevant recent basic pain research, and conceptual speculations are presented.
A Fatal Case of Legionnaire's Disease following a Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Maniglia Anthony J. , Greenman Richard L. , Saldana Mario
Published: April 2016

Legionnaire's disease (LD) has been responsible for the death of many patients in several outbreaks in the United States and abroad. The Legionnaire's bacterium is still unclassified. Deoxyribonucleic acid studies of its genes have not yet found a near relative. A case of a 63‐year‐old man who had a total laryngectomy for cancer of the larynx is reported. He had an extensive postoperative pneumonia, secondary to LD. The diagnosis was made while the patient was alive, but he died on the 35th hospital day in spite of erythromycin treatment.
Diagnosis of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma by Computed Tomography
Authors: Levine Howard L. , Weinstein Meredith A. , Tucker Harvey M. , Wood Benjamin G. , Duchesneau Paul M.
Published: April 2016

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a highly vascular neoplasm that lends to spread in the various fissures and foramina of the nasopharynx. Polytomography and angiography have added greatly to the diagnosis and management of this tumor through accurate preoperative assessment. Computed tomography has given an additional sophisticated, precise method for evaluating the extent of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Computed tomography shows, in detail, the extension of the tumor into the pterygopalatine fossa with widening of the pterygopalatine fossa and anterior bowing of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus. With this correct information about tumor location, surgical or radiation treatment can be appropriately planned, with a probable improvement of cure rates and reduction of recurrences.
Temporal Bone Fractures in Children
Authors: Shapiro Robert S.
Published: April 2016

Fifty children with temporal bone fractures were treated during a 40‐month period. The diagnosis and management of temporal bone fractures in children is reviewed. The author's cases are classified as to longitudinal and transverse fractures, and the figures are presented for age distribution, sex, cause, loss of consciousness, CSF otorrhea, hearing loss, permanent tympanic membrane perforations, and facial nerve Involvement. The author has followed a conservative method of management. Permanent impairment was not frequent, although all the patients with transverse fractures suffered total loss of hearing in the involved ear.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Localization Using a Microlaryngeal Electrode
Authors: Davis William E. , Lee Rea J. , Templer Jerry
Published: April 2016

Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a frequently teen complication in head and neck surgery. A system for intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is presented. The key to this system lies in the use of a microlaryngeal electrode and inserter. Application of this system to various situations is described.
Laryngeal Abscess
Authors: Clemons John E. , Portilla William
Published: April 2016

The laryngeal abscess is an uncommon lesion since the onset of the antibiotic era. A review of the literature failed to find any recent articles on abscess of the larynx.

Three case histories of the laryngeal abscess, all of which progressed to rapid airway obstruction and required emergency tracheotomy, are presented.
Otologic Complications of Radiation Therapy
Authors: O'Neill John V. , Katz Arthur H. , Skolnik Emanuel M.
Published: April 2016

Radiation therapy has proved to be a valuable modality in the management of patients with nasopharyngeal tumors. Routine follow‐up of patients in the tumor clinic of the University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary appeared to indicate an increasing incidence of otologic pathology. For this reason, a retrospective study focusing on the otologic findings in patients whose radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal tumors included the external auditory canal, middle ear space, or eustachian tube was performed.

The results of this study are discussed in relationship to total radiation dosage, time of survival after therapy, and pretreatment otologic status. The complications covered a spectrum from intermittent serous otitis media to osteoradionecrosis of the external auditory canal. Possible contributing factors are discussed, and preventive measures are suggested.
Unilateral Complete Aplasia of the Inner Ear with Associated Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Report of a Case
Authors: Isenberg Steven F. , Tubergen Laverne B.
Published: April 2016

A case of unilateral complete aplasia of the petrous apex and inner ear associated with retype tracheoesophageal fistula is reported. Polytomography, computerized axial tomography, and plain film radiography confirmed the presence of this rare variant of inner ear aplasia. This patient, who has normal facial nerve function, is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of a nonthalidomide, Michel‐type aplasia since the original report of Michel more than a century ago. Unilateral complete inner ear aplasia associated with tracheoesophageal fistula has not been previously reported.
Implications of Ewald's Second Law for Diagnois of Unilateral Labyrinthine Paralysis
Authors: Jenkins Herman A. , Lau Clifford G.Y. , Baloh Robert W. , Honrubia Vicente
Published: April 2016

The feasibility of replacement of the caloric test with sinusoidal rotatory stimulations of differing frequencies was investigated in ten normal subjects and seven patients with unilateral labyrinthine paralysis. Testing was performed at frequencies ranging from 0.0125 to 0.2 Hz at 60°/sec and at 0.05 Hz at peak velocities of 30°/sec to 180°/sec. Gain, phase, and asymmetry of the nystagmic responses were measured in these groups. Results indicated that the rotatory test was not reliable enough to be used as the sole measure for identifying patients with unilateral labyrinthine lesions.
Thermal Hazards in Mastoid Surgery: An Evaluation of Instruments and Irrigation Techniques
Authors: Keim Robert J. , Erdreich John , Love Tom J.
Published: April 2016

Study of the mechanical properties of three commonly used mastoid drills disclosed major differences in their power and potential for heat production. Based on available information regarding heat tolerance of neural tissue, all drills were found capable of producing hazardous temperature elevations. After testing several irrigation techniques, continuous and copious suction irrigation was found to be most effective in preventing bone heating.
Sensorineural Hearing Level in Unilateral Otosclerosis
Authors: Young I. M. , Mikaelian D. O. , Trocki I. M.
Published: April 2016

Preoperative bone conduction threshold measurements were made in the otosclerotic and opposite ears of 25 patients with unilateral otosclerosis to tabulate the sensorineural hearing impairment in this disease. Middle ear otosclerosis was confirmed at surgery in all cases.

The bone conduction thresholds at all frequencies measured were similar in the otosclerotic and opposite ears. Adequate masking was applied to the nontest ear to measure an accurate bone conduction threshold in the test ear without producing overmasking.
Situational Modification of Regional Flaps
Authors: Farrior Richard T.
Published: April 2016

A few modifications in unusual situations of regional flaps in the head and neck are demonstrated. It is the author's hope to stimulate the surgeon to use some imagination, incorporating a variety of time‐proven principles and some unique situational modifications. Emphasis is placed on the continued need for the tubed pedicle flap, de‐epithelialization of flaps with imbrication about the margins of the defect, and the use of the horizontally split deltopectoral flap for the simultaneous closure of internal defects and coverage of external defects for through‐and‐through wounds.
Augmentation of Facial Defects Using Mersilene Mesh Implants
Authors: McCollough E. Gaylon , Weil Craig
Published: April 2016

The use of Mersilene mesh in both office and hospital practice was surveyed. Seventy patients received a total of 83 implants, 66 (80%) of which were Mersilene mesh. Of these 83 implants, 76 (91%) were used in chin augmentation, preponderantly by the intraoral route. An infection rate of 9% (8) was encountered; 4 (5%) of these required removal. The ideal implant material has not yet been discovered, but hopefully, with continued research and with the sharing of ideas, a more suitable implant will be found.
Introductory Remarks Regarding Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Smith Geoffrey A.
Published: April 2016

Some of the components of the author's training program at UCLA and in his actual practice in San Diego are compared, the type of surgical cases completed in training and in practice are examined, and the community acceptance of the author's definition of an otolaryngologist is commented on. Some of the conclusions regarding residency programs may be different from those of other specialists. The author's perspective is as a clinical assistant professor one year out of residency with an acute interest in the preparation for actual practice.
Otolaryngologic Aspects of Scuba Diving
Authors: Becker Gary D. , Parell G. Joseph
Published: April 2016

Among the most common injuries encountered by the 700,000 active sport scuba divers in the United States are sinus and otitic barotrauma. The management of these injuries and the identification of high‐risk patients during their required pretraining physical examination are discussed.
Mycotic Carotid Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Lambert Matthew J. , Johns Michael E. , Mentzer Robert , Fitz‐Hugh G. Slaughter
Published: April 2016

A painful, pulsatile neck mass with associated fever should suggest the presence of a mycotic carotid artery aneurysm. Diagnosis can be confirmed from angiograms. Broad spectrum antibiotics are indicated, and an operation should be performed promptly. The lack of tissue planes uninvolved by infection will almost always prevent vascular reconstruction. Carotid artery ligation with excision of the aneurysms is recommended.