bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’université d’entreprise au carrefour de la pensée managériale dans les organisations
Authors: Philippe Xavier , Sorreda Thomas
Published: July 2020

Cet article s’intéresse aux origines et à l’émergence des universités d’entreprise, en particulier dans le contexte français. Structures de formation internes aux organisations, reposant sur des partenariats académiques souvent prestigieux, les universités d’entreprise constituent en effet un héritage de multiples mouvements relatifs à la structuration de la formation managériale en France. Au carrefour de ces influences, elles constituent alors un moyen particulier de diffusion de la pensée managériale au sein des organisations, tout en conservant une spécificité issue de leur position intermédiaire, entre université et entreprise, que leur dénomination suggère. Par une approche documentaire, cet article présente l’historique des universités d’entreprises et analyse la diffusion des idées managériales par l’intermédiaire de celles-ci. Ces particularités spécifiques aux universités d’entreprises constituent un héritage autant qu’un moyen de diffusion efficace de la pensée managériale.
L’émergence de la notion de « compétence » : nature et fonction de la « capacité » dans l’industrialisme saint-simonien
Authors: Rappin Baptiste
Published: July 2020

Du management stratégique à la gestion des ressources humaines, la notion de compétence est aujourd’hui omniprésente dans la plupart des disciplines des sciences de l’organisation ; nous notons en outre que beaucoup d’auteurs l’associent à l’hégémonie du néolibéralisme en la reliant souvent au concept de « capital humain » théorisé par Gary Becker. Le présent travail d’histoire des idées espère mettre en évidence le caractère incomplet d’une telle thèse généalogique et analytique, et entend établir que la compétence s’avère en fait l’héritière du concept de « capacité » qui se trouve au cœur de la doctrine industrialiste de Saint-Simon et de ses disciples. Plus précisément, le projet social et politique de l’industrialisme, qui repose sur la capacité, oppose celle-ci à la propriété héritée ainsi qu’aux inégalités statutaires ; de ce point de vue, la capacité, qui recouvre l’ensemble des aptitudes productives et des comportements communicationnels, s’avère être le pivot d’une nouvelle construction sociale, d’un nouvel ordre politique, que la formule suivante, que les saint-simoniens ne laissent pas de répéter, résume admirablement : « à chacun suivant sa capacité, à chaque capacité suivant ses œuvres ». Nous tirons en dernier lieu les conséquences de ce travail historique et philosophique pour une meilleure compréhension des enjeux anthropologiques et géopolitiques de la gestion des compétences : cet ensemble de pratiques et de dispositifs, qui se donne de prime abord pour techniquement neutre d’un point de vue idéologique, nous semble en dernier ressort porter le projet de civilisation américain.
Le management de l’urgence dans les organisations ? Les réponses apportées par Napoléon Bonaparte
Authors: Mériade Laurent , Sales Jean Marc
Published: July 2020

Dans la littérature, le management d’urgence ( emergency management ) a été essentiellement développé afin de répondre à des catastrophes. Il repose sur la définition et la mise en œuvre d’une organisation spécifique permettant de répondre à une situation de crise. Alors que l’urgence devient une situation de gestion permanente dans les organisations, il peut être intéressant d’analyser les pensées managériales et les modes d’organisation en mesure d’y faire face de manière continue. Comme il en existe pour les situations de crise ponctuelles, est-il possible de décrire certaines modalités d’un management (permanent) de l’urgence, applicables dans les organisations ? Pour répondre à cette question de recherche, le management militaire se caractérisant souvent par un niveau d’urgence permanent, notamment en temps de guerre, nous tentons d’approcher les modes d’organisation et d’administration que Napoléon Bonaparte adopte lors de ses principales campagnes militaires. Nous appliquons une méthode d’analyse historique des principaux ouvrages et écrits traitant des évènements et de l’organisation militaire napoléonienne sous le Directoire (1795-1799), le Consulat et l’Empire (1799-1815). La description et l’analyse managériale de l’organisation militaire napoléonienne durant cette période nous permettent de mettre en lumière une certaine cohérence et une continuité de gestion, appliquées par Napoléon, qui peuvent inspirer les gestionnaires dans leur management quotidien de l’urgence. Nos principaux résultats mettent ainsi en relief une pensée managériale méconnue mais féconde ainsi que moyens d’action adaptés à cette pensée qui fait notamment de l’anticipation un principe dynamique et catalyseur du management de l’urgence napoléonien.
Chibanis et chibanias ou l’(in)hospitalité au long cours
Authors: Leblanc Julie , Pinel Jordan
Published: July 2020

Nous questionnons au sein de cet article le concept d’(in)hospitalité et ses implications dans la quotidienneté des personnes immigrées aujourd’hui âgées en France. Les enquêtes qualitatives qui sont mobilisées conduisent à s’intéresser particulièrement au vieillissement des chibanis et des chibanias, ces immigrés venus en France souvent dans le cadre de dispositifs migratoires étatiques à partir des années 1960. Certains font face à des conditions de vie précaires et des droits sociaux très limités, illustrant les pratiques inhospitalières des institutions. Face à ce constat, nous observons que ce sont alors les acteurs locaux de l’hospitalité, souvent associatifs, qui se mobilisent pour contrebalancer des situations perçues comme injustes. Les personnes concernées s’impliquent également elles-mêmes pour (re)créer des espaces d’hospitalité et d’entraide dans des lieux tels que les cafés mais aussi pour conquérir et faire valoir leurs droits et la reconnaissance sociale qui leur fait défaut. Ces acteurs et actrices de la société civile sont mobilisés « ici » et « là-bas », c’est-à-dire autant dans le pays d’accueil que celui d’origine – le Maroc dans ce cas d’étude – rappelant la vie « d’entre-deux » pour une partie de ces populations aujourd’hui vieillissantes.
L’hospitalité privée de « mineurs isolés étrangers » : une relation à définir
Authors: Masson Diez Évangeline
Published: July 2020

Les interventions d’aidants non professionnels et souvent non affiliés sont de plus en plus nombreuses auprès des jeunes exilés que ce soit dans le domaine de l’accueil, de l’accompagnement ou encore de l’hébergement. L’hébergement chez soi est la forme la plus ordinaire et la plus engageante de ces pratiques d’hospitalité et de soutien et elle se déploie, pour les jeunes exilés, le plus souvent en dehors des cadres contractualisés et financés des programmes associatifs. Pour autant, pour de nombreux hébergeurs peu ou pas connectés aux sphères militantes et aux pratiques associatives et des politiques migratoires, il s’agit d’un premier engagement, un acte perçu, à son départ, comme non contraignant et efficace. À partir d’une recherche doctorale réalisée entre 2016 et 2018 à Paris auprès de 140 hébergeurs, il est proposé, dans cet article, d’interroger la relation d’hospitalité du point de vue des hébergeurs, c’est-à-dire à partir de leurs discours et pratiques, et comment cette relation a des effets sur leur engagement.
Trouver refuge dans les Cévennes, un réseau d'accueil dessiné entre les lignes de crêtes
Authors: Martin Élise
Published: July 2020

Depuis la fin de l’année 2015, des collectifs d’habitants abritent, soutiennent et hébergent des personnes exilées dans des villes et villages des moyennes montagnes cévenoles. Ces groupes de taille variable accompagnent localement et quotidiennement des exilés avec l’appui d’associations à caractère social et/ou religieux bien ancrées dans les territoires. Les collectifs, qui s’apparentent à des groupes informels mêlant retraités et jeunes militants, s’organisent en intercollectif pour mener des actions de plus grande envergure et gagner en visibilité. Plusieurs années après la naissance de collectifs citoyens d’accueil en réaction à la médiatisation de « la crise migratoire », les habitants engagés parviennent à pérenniser leur action et à consolider un vaste et solide réseau de solidarité.
Lower Critical Field of Layered Organic Superconductor with Asymmetrical Donor κ-(MDT-TTF)2AuI2
Authors: Sari Dita Puspita , Rui Naito , Miki Kaito , Watanabe Isao , Taniguchi Hiromi , Ishii Yasuyuki
Published: July 2020

We report magnetization measurement in the superconducting state of a type-II organic layered superconductor with asymmetrical donor k-(MDT-TTF)2AuI2. The demagnetization factor of a plate-like shape of the single crystal has been taken into account for the measurement by applying an external field perpendicular to the conducting plane. The superconducting transition temperature TC is determined to be 4.7 K through the detection of demagnetization signal. The lower critical field is 10.5±1.4 G. This result implies that the stable vortex state of k-(MDT-TTF)2AuI2 can be reached at the applied magnetic field above 105 Oe
LA POLONIA DI OGGI E LA SHOAH: LA LEGGE E LA STORIA
Authors: Vitti Emiliano
Published: July 2020

Last year’s relations between the Polish and Israeli leaderships, with the controversy over the influences (or perhaps interference) of the Warsaw government on the treatment of the historical memory of the Holocaust and its international implications, lead us to make two important considerations. Firstly, the possible consequences that the so-called “Holocaust law” can bring to historical research; Furthermore, a reflection on the negative effects that an improper use of the law can cause on the social and administrative level, trying to compare the cases of today’s Poland and of the General Government, that is the section of the Polish state occupied by the Nazis not annexed, but transformed into a very peculiar territorial entity.
Religious pluralism and its implications for church development
Authors: Asadu George C. , Asogwa Nicholas , Diara Benjamin C.
Published: July 2020

Religious pluralism model holds the belief that there is virtue in every religion, just as all religions are good and are of equal value. It does not consider religion’s particularity but is interested in the ideas that have not favoured any religion. The issue with this concept is not its assertion of the validity of all religions. It is rather with its denial of the finality of any religion as the way by which people could come to God. Hence, it allows the existence of multiple religions in a given society and encourages religious tolerance. The beauty of pluralism is its flexibility which makes religious practicing a wilful act and religious conversion a choice and not a force, although it has the tendency to encourage syncretism. This research examines critically the implications of pluralism using historical approach on the development of Christian church. Data for the research were basically obtained from secondary sources. The findings reveal that although religious pluralism has its negative sides, it gives the much needed boost to development of church if its tenets are followed. Accordingly, the article recommends that Christian churches in pluralist societies such as Nigeria should imbibe the virtues of religious tolerance, and dialogue, if they want to remain alive and continue to be relevant.Contribution: Religious pluralism is a panacea to inordinate and incessant religious conflict, if given its proper place in Nigeria, will breed religious tolerance, peace and progress. This work would be of immense of benefit to government, missionaries and students across all strata of discipline.
Awareness of Uterine Artery Embolization as a Treatment for Fibroids among Saudi Women
Authors: Alreshidi Meshael Nazzal , Alshubrmi Dalal , Alrashidi Ibrahim , Arabi Mohammad
Published: July 2020

Context: No study has investigated the awareness of uterine artery embolization (UAE) as a treatment option for uterine fibroids among Saudi women. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate Saudi women's awareness of UAE as a therapeutic modality for uterine fibroids Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Hail and Riyadh. Subjects and Methods: In 2019, an anonymous online questionnaire was sent via social media to women residing in Hail and Riyadh. The questionnaire contained 11 multiple-choice questions divided into two parts. The first part contained questions about demographic characteristics and one question about their history of fibroids. The second part contained items pertaining to awareness of treatment options for uterine fibroids and whether they were aware of UAE. Statistical Analysis Used: The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Eight hundred and forty-five responses have been received. Overall, 76.1% of the respondents had never heard of UAE. Awareness of treatment options for uterine fibroids was significantly associated with education level and participants' involvement in a medical field (P < 0.05; Chi-squared test). 9.2% were from respondents who reported a history of fibroids. Among them, 71.7% had never heard of UAE; 9% had heard about it from an obstetrician or gynecologist. Only 6.4% of the participants were aware of all the treatment options for uterine fibroids; 28.2% believed that hysterectomy was the only treatment for uterine fibroids. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for public awareness of the treatment options for uterine fibroids to appropriate candidates.
Electrolyte status and plasma glucose levels in birth asphyxia
Authors: Bahatkar Kaustubh , Aundhakar C. D.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Birth asphyxia is characterized by hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis during perinatal period and tends to cause hypoxic-ischemic tissue damage and electrolyte imbalance which may lead to perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the electrolyte status and plasma glucose levels in asphyxiated neonates and determine the correlation with different stages of birth asphyxia.

Methods:

A total of 100 neonates were allocated into two groups (cases and controls; 50 neonates in each) based on the severity of fetal distress by assessing the Apgar score, fetal heart rates, and meconium-stained liquor after baby delivery. The serum levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and glucose in cord blood were estimated and compared in both the groups by independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U test using R software version 3.6.0. The estimated electrolyte levels were correlated with different stages of asphyxia using Spearman correlation.

Results:

Among 100 neonates, meconium-stained liquor was observed in 10% of cases and 4% of controls. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups with respect to serum sodium, calcium, and glucose levels (P < 0.05) in contrast to potassium levels (P = 0.162). A significant negative linear correlation was found between serum sodium, calcium, and glucose levels and different stages of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (−0.591r, −0.484r, and −0.221r, respectively).

Conclusions:

Hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypoglycemia were observed in asphyxiated neonates and were proportionate to the severity level of asphyxia. Hence, immediate cord blood sampling for serum electrolytes and glucose evaluation at high-risk neonates would be the best measure for early diagnosis and severity assessment of perinatal asphyxia.
Rancangan Sistem Monitor Flight Plan di Bandar Udara Temindung Samarinda
Authors: Sabur Fatmawati , Pangestu Sandhy
Published: July 2020

Pengiriman flight plan dari Bandar udara Temindung Samarinda ke Bandar udara Sepinggan Balikpapan terkadang gagal dikarenakan berbagai hal seperti putusnya jalur komunikasi atau kegagalan fasilitas penunjang yang lainnya yaitu VSAT. Sehingga apabila data flight plan dari BO Samarinda ke BO Balikpapan tidak terkirim, maka BO Samarinda akan mengirim ulang flight plan tersebut. Tujuan perancangan untuk membuat aplikasi yang dapat memonitor flight plan pada tower di Bandar Udara

Temindung Samarinda dan untuk menghasilkan alat yang dapat mengirimkan notifikasi ke teknisi bila terjadi gangguan pada jaringan AFTN. Metode perancangan menggunakan komponen mikrokontroler, modul GSM, dan aplikasi Microsoft Visual Studio 2013.

Hasil perancangan menunjukan simulasi alat tersebut akan mampu memberikan gambaran mengenai system monitoring pengiriman flight plan yang terkirim maupun diterima di Bandara Temindung Samarinda
Role of Topical Heparin in Treatment of Burn at Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Rajasthan
Authors: Dharmveer Jajra  , Sanjay Lodha  , Ashok Kumar  , Diwan Singh Jakhar  , Joginder Singh
Published: July 2020

Background: Heparin is a multifaceted compound with uses not only as an anticoagulant, but also as an anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, anti-histaminic, anti-serotonin, anti-proteolytic and neoangiogenic agent. The aim of the study was to study the effect of topical heparin in the management of burns in terms of morbidity, mortality & safety. Subjects and Methods: A hospital based RCT with total duration of 16 months from June, 2018 to September, 2019 with 100 patients (age between 15-45 years, burns from 20-60%, with less than 48 hours duration), randomly enrolled into 2 groups, after initial resuscitative measures, 50 cases receiving Topical Heparin treatment, 50 controls receiving conventional treatment (1% silver sulphadiazine) with i.v. antibiotics, after explaining the study objectives and taking informed written consent. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info software. Results: Patients treated with topical heparin experienced statistically significant (p<0.05) improved pain relief, rapid healing, lesser complications and reduced duration of hospital stays. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that topical heparin can improve clinical outcomes in the treatment of burn injury.
Experience with Ureteral Stent Removal Using Anselfextraction String in South Indian Patients – Single Institute Prospective Study
Authors: K Muralidharan  , Bhupathi Naidu Koneni  , Arif Ahamad Ansari
Published: July 2020

Background: The study aims to know the safety and effectiveness of a stent with a string attached after ureteroscopy (URS) for self-removal of the stent by the patient in our practice. Subjects and Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, a chart review was performed concerning patients who underwent URS & received an indwelling stent with or without a string attached to the stent (55 vs. 65, respectively). Statistical analyses included chi-square and Student’s t-tests. Results: The string group consisted of 55patients, in which 32.7% of the patients were male. In the no-string group, 33.8% of the 65 patients were males. No significant difference in complication rates between both groups (P-value = 0.317). Stent duration (Indwell time) was significantly more in no string group (13.32days) compared to the string group (6.28days). In the string group, stent dislodgement has significant (P-value = 0.0183), can be easily overcome by patient education. Post-procedural pain was significant in no string group (P-value = 0.0233). Conclusion: The use of a stent with an Extraction string after URS appears safe and effective and offers several advantages without increasing stent-related urinary symptoms, complications, or postoperative morbidity.
Analysis of Thyroid Cases in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Syed Abdul Hakeem
Published: July 2020

Background: Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, inflammation of thyroid (thyroiditis), thyroid enlargement (goitre), thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer are amongst the thyroid disorders. The study aims to the occurrence of various post-operative complications following thyroidectomy. Subjects and Methods: One hundred patients who underwent thyroid surgery, for various thyroid disorders were taken for the study. elaborate analysis of those patients who underwent thyroidectomy was done relating to numerous aspects like age, sex, diagnosis & indication for surgery, type of thyroidectomy procedure done, incidence of individual complications. Results: About 37% of the patients were diagnosed with multinodular goiter,followed in frequency by solitary thyroid nodule (27%) and Follicular adenoma (11%). Malignancy(bothfollicular     in 3 patientsandpapillary in 7 patients) was diagnosed in total 10 Patients out of 100. Three cases each of Diffuse colloid goiter and Primary thyrotoxicosis. Conclusion: Careful assessment of surgical and medical thérapeutic methods can still minimize the complications and repetition of thyroid surgery.
REVIEW ON POTENTIAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS IN AYURVEDA
Authors: Prashant Sakharam Bhokardankar*  , Sandeep Gorakh Mane  , Bhupendra Prakash Khairnar
Published: July 2020

Ayurvedic texts are mentioned this Vedic sastra as a science of life. Ayurveda mainly targeted lifestyle of human being as well as mentioned number of drugs on various disorders. Among these disorders, diabetes is a major disorder. Due to which people are suffering lot. Diabetes is a major metabolic as well as lifestyle related disease. Anti-diabetic drugs from modern science can treat this disorder but at the cost of heavy side effects. Diabetic patients are using the modern drugs at higher doses plus these drugs are much costlier. Need of today’s era is to use alternate therapies for diabetes. Among all alternative therapies Ayurveda gives ray of hope by using the Anti-diabetic drugs as mentioned in ancient texts. Ayurveda uses many drugs for diabetes especially herbal and herbomineral preparations. The review paper focuses on various Ayurvedic drugs herbal, herbomineral either in single or compound preparations studied at several research organizations. The paper focuses on antidiabetic properties of Ayurvedic drugs mentioned in Ayurvedic texts as well as their pharmacological, phytochemical properties and their scientific studies.
A Spell to Break Your Chains
Authors: McQueen Chelsea
Published: July 2020

Next Conjure
Root Work Journal - Convening in the Ark - Volume 1, Issue 1
A Spell to Break Your Chains
Chelsea McQueen
chelsea.mcqueen@live.com
​
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47106/11039489

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______
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After Alexis Pauline Gumbs

I.
Dig through the cool soil,
Tear your nails on rock and wood,
Make a place for yourself beneath the roots.
Rest. Keep what you find there.

II.
Throw off the shrouds
Others have placed on your shoulders.
Feel the breeze on your skin
Let the gusts move you.

III.
Make peace with the sea and sky,
As dark, wild, and unknown as you.
Plunge into their depths,
And release the need to be found.

IV.
Speak freely, drink deeply.
Unravel the cutting binds
And float, untethered.
Reclaim who you were
Before others told you
Who you were not.
​
A Negro Substratum:
Authors: Doucet W. Yusef
Published: July 2020

Poem.

A Negro Substratum: A term from physical (and cultural) anthropology re-purposed
Homenagem a Antonio José Augusto
Authors: Vidal João Vicente , Gentil-Nunes Pauxy
Published: July 2020

A Revista Brasileira de Música apresenta número de homenagem ao músico e musicólogo Antonio José Augusto, editor convidado (in memoriam) do volume com o dossiê temático "Música brasileira: construção, permanências e apropriações", dedicado a Heitor Villa-Lobos. O volume inclui ainda as seções: "Memória", com uma republicação comentada do Americanismo musical de Francisco Curt Lange; "Entrevista", com transcrição de depoimento de Antonio José Augusto; "Resenha", dedicada ao livro de Paulo de Tarso Salles sobre os Quartetos de cordas de Villa-Lobos; e "Arquivo de Música Brasileira", apresentando edição inédita de Ondulações para violoncelo (ou violino) e piano de Homero de Sá Barreto.
O Pibid e a formação do professor/pesquisador: na UniEVANGÉLICA, na escola-campo e na intervenção pedagógica dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Santos Tarsio Paula dos , Abreu Sandra Elaine Aires de
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discorrer acerca do processo de formação e instrumentalização do professor/pesquisador nos ambientes educacionais distintos, o Centro Universitário de Anápolis e a escola da rede pública municipal através do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). Nessa proposta, a metodologia adotada foi a abordagem qualitativa, relato de experiência, a análise documental e pesquisa bibliográfica explorando os saberes acerca dos patrimônios históricos e culturais de Anápolis/GO. Assim, durante os 18 (dezoito) meses de projeto, os “pibidianos” desenvolveram pesquisas sobre os bens tombados de Anápolis para a produção de materiais didáticos e instrumentos pedagógicos que seriam utilizados nas intervenções na escola-campo. A partir dessas ações e da regência em sala de aula, pode-se perceber que os acadêmicos da UniEVANGÉLICA, através da pesquisa e instrumentalização desenvolvidos, levaram inovação e aperfeiçoamento para a comunidade escolar da escola-campo e a sociedade em geral.
Relationship Between Risk Management Practices and Investment Decisions in Bank of Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Omwono Gedion Alang’o , Annette Kayumba
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between risk management practices and investment decisions in Bank of Kigali, Rwanda. This study adopted correlational research design. Descriptive statistics include those of the mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution while inferential statistics involves use of spearman’s coefficient correlations. Linear regression was used where ANOVA was carried on each variable. The study found that there was a correlation between liquidity risk management, default risk management and market risk management with performance of the Banks. The study findings indicated that credit risk management (r=0.096, p<0.01), liquidity risk management (r=0.347, p<0.01), market risk management (r=0.506, p<0.01) and operational risk management (r=0.612, p<0.01) on financial performance. It however found that the Banks do not involve experts and consultants in market risk management thus recommendations were made for the Banks to revise their credit risk management policies, open up and share information with other players on market risk thus involve consultants more in their market risk management and to be more proactive than reactive in risk management. The study concluded that, risk management has a positive influence on the investment decisions and that risk monitoring can be used to make sure that risk management practices are in line with proper best practice risk monitoring policies which also helps bank management to discover exposures at early stages and make corrective actions. The study recommended that, Senior management should develop strategies, policies and practices to manage risk in accordance with the Banks risk tolerance and to ensure that the bank maintains sufficient liquidity risk cover.
Effect of Employees’ Commitment on Organizational Performance in Selected Firms
Authors: Ogala S. C
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the effect of employee’s commitment on organizational performance in selected brewing firms.  Two objectives which are ;To examine the impact of  employee commitment on organizational profitability  in brewing industry in Nigeria To examine  the dimensions of employee commitment on performance in brewing industry in Nigeria guided the study. Also two research questions and hypotheses were drawn along that line. A survey design was adopted with a sample population size of 216 drawn using Taro Yamani. Data were presented and analyzed using tables and simple percentages. Also, hypotheses were tested using parametric statistics. Findings revealed that Organizational profitability had a positive influence on employees performance in the area studied (Zc=4.226 > Zt =1.645) and Inadequate employees development programmes had a positive influence on employees commitment in the area studied (Zc=4.531 > Zt =1.645). It was recommended that Organizations should regularly embark on performance appraisals because; it will go a long way to know whether the human capital development is producing the needed result and that there should be a systematic view towards employees’ commitment development in organizations. That is to say all levels, sections should be given equal opportunity to develop.  As generally stated, if you fail to plan, then you are planning to fail
An Analysis of Land Use Succession and Property Value in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: MAKINDE Olusola Oladapo , MAKINDE Olubukunmi Temitope
Published: July 2020

Land use succession systems have played a crucial role in cities transformation, evading and mitigating the adverse impacts on property value and unplanned development. However, such developments were not aimed at ensuring orderly spatial development which is consistent with land use and sustainable development. This study determined the trends in properties values between the year 2002 and 2016 and examined the relationship between rental values and types of Land Use Succession (LUS) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. This was to provide information that could enhance property investment decision.          

Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were obtained through the use of the questionnaire. This was administered to landlords, Estate Surveyors and Valuers and on the official of Ife Central Town Planning and Land Services Department. Data were collected from the respondents on the three major roads where LUS was prevalent. Four hundred and fifty buildings were identified out of which 50% were selected. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as trend analysis and Analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The result showed that residential properties increased by 42.2% while commercial property increased by 57.8% between the year 2002 and 2016. The result also showed a significant statistical relationship between properties values and types of LUS with corresponding P-values of 0.000, 0.000 and 0.019 for residential-commercial, residential cum commercial and residential-religion types of LUS respectively. The study concluded that an increase in rental value as a result of LUS is capable of enhancing property investment decision.
Assessment Of China – Nigeria Trade Relations (1990-2018)
Authors: Michael Isaac OPUSUNJU , Murat AKYUZ , E. Victor INIM
Published: July 2020

The study assessed China- Nigeria trade relations covering a period of 29 years from 1990 to 2018. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design and obtained data for export and import transactions from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. The study used T-test, charts, and tables to address the engagement of China-Nigeria trade relations. The study used Microsoft excel software package and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 to analysis the data. The study found that Nigeria has not gained from trade relations with China from 1990 to 2018 and it is only China that benefited from trade relations with Nigeria from 1990 to 2018. The study recommended that the Nigerian Government should re-strategise its industrial sector to enable the country to manufacture industrial goods and manufactured consumable goods as well as medical equipment to export to China. They should try to discover what type of industrial goods that China does not well produce and should re-strategise to produce it with low labour and low capital. The Chinese Government should continue to import goods to Nigeria since they are the ones benefiting from trade relations in Nigeria from 1990 to 2018. They should also encourage the Nigerian government to produce and manufacture industrial goods so that they can face a little competitive with Nigeria in the future for improvement of their products.
Kashmir Conflict and the Advent of Torture: An Overview
Authors: Haq Inamul
Published: July 2020

Modern states have built burgeoning detention facilities like immigration centers, prisons and police cells that engage in torture and other cruel, inhuman treatments. The law enforcement agencies engage in torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment in the name of counter- terrorism, security threats and soon. The state uses torture and makes it clear that enhanced interrogation techniques makes a person from kidnapping to extra-ordinary rendition, from citizen to unlawful enemy combatant and from human to terrorist. The valley of Kashmir faces torture and other cruel inhuman treatments since insurgency began in 1990’s, with violent uprising and have elicited terrorism. Methods like torture is used as a tool of counter- insurgency by Indian security forces. The government of India used all efforts to crush the movement of self- determination of Kashmir. The strong response from India violates the human rights and international humanitarian laws. The law enforcement agencies, army and para- military forces have engaged in reprisal attacks against civilians resulting in indiscriminate firing, search operations, gang-rapes and burning of houses in the valley. After 1990, the situation in the Kashmir valley deteriorated and Kashmir was declared a disturbed area and laws like Disturbed Area Act (DAA) 1990, Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) 1990 and Public Safety Act (PSA) 1978 were imposed. The purpose of the paper is to examine the concept of Torture in Kashmir valley and bring to light the plight of the victims in the valley.
Indicadores socioeconómicos y prevalencia de anemia- menores de 3 años, Centro Salud Sapallanga, 2017
Authors: García Inga Belinda Olga , Poma Salinas Jenny Giovana , Suasnabar Cueva Edith , Tello Carhuanca Rebeca
Published: July 2020

Objetivos: La situación de la anemia en el Centro de Salud de Sapallanga se encuentra elevada y alcanza una tasa de prevalencia de 57% del total de niños que cuenta dicho distrito lo que es preocupante y fue el motivo de esta investigación, habiéndonos formulado como problema principal: ¿Qué indicadores socioeconómicos están relacionados con la prevalencia de anemia en los niños menores de 3 años atendidos en el Centro de Salud de Sapallanga en el 2017? Material y Métodos: Fue de tipo básico, nivel correlacional y de corte transversal. La población y a la vez muestra; del presente estudio comprendió un total de 70 niños menores de 3 años con anemia que se tiene en el Centro de Salud de Sapallanga según padrón nominal. Conclusiones: Al término de la investigación se ha hallado que existen indicadores socioeconómicos que están relacionados significativamente con la prevalencia de anemia en los niños menores de 3 años atendidos en el Centro de Salud de Sapallanga en el 2017 y son: servicio de desagüe en red pública (p valor = 0,028<0,05); servicio de electricidad (p valor = 0,000<0,05); trabajo del padre (p valor = 0,016<0,05) y número de integrantes por habitación (p valor = 0,000<0,05).
Desarrollo del capital humano y la satisfacción laboral en la Universidad Privada de Huancayo Franklin Roosevelt, Huancayo-2017
Authors: Espinoza Landa Rosario Pilar , Vilca Rodríguez Roy River , Bastidas Tocasca Yumi Fiorella , Condor Trucios Kevin
Published: July 2020

La investigación “Desarrollo del capital humano y la satisfacción laboral en la Universidad Privada de Huancayo Franklin Roosevelt”, buscó determinar como el desarrollo del capital humano contribuye a mejorar el nivel de satisfacción laboral de los colaboradores, identificando los niveles de desarrollo del capital humano y describir como estos se reflejan en la satisfacción laboral. La metodología empleada es de tipo básica teórica, con nivel descriptivo correlacional, se utilizó el método científico y con un diseño no experimental descriptivo correlacional simple causal. Las variables, capital humano y satisfacción laboral se correlacionan de manera significativa, evidenciándose un nivel significativo de desarrollo humano. El desarrollo del Capital humano contribuye significativamente a mejorar el nivel de satisfacción laboral de los colaboradores dándonos a entender que si no se contribuye con el desarrollo del capital humano no se lograrán los objetivos trazados debido a la insatisfacción del personal.
Evaluation of Corrosion Phenomena of T91 Steel in Stagnant Liquid Lead at High Operational Temperatures
Authors: Giuranno Donatella , Novakovic Rada , Tomasi Corrado , Ricci Enrica
Published: July 2020

The present study aims to deepen the knowledge on the corrosion behavior of martensitic T91 steel in contact with liquid lead in view of its application in advanced nuclear energy systems. Steel samples have been analyzed after the immersion in stagnant molten lead at different temperatures (550°C to 650°C) and for an exposure time of 550 h. In order to evaluate the influence of different oxidizing conditions, the corrosion tests were performed under both Ar and Ar-H2 mixtures. Within the temperature range applied, the oxygen content in the liquid lead was Co = 6.8±2.7 × 10−2 wt% and Co = 9.2±3.6 × 10−8 wt%, respectively. When the Ar atmosphere was applied, dissolution of iron and chromium has been observed for temperature above 590°C. Conversely, under an Ar-H2 mixture atmosphere, mainly the presence of internal oxidation along the grain boundaries whose depth increases with temperature was detected.
Impact of spatial heterogeneity for selection regimes in multispecies biofilms
Authors: Røder Henriette Lyng , Liu Wenzheng , Russel Jakob , Herschend Jakob , Andersen Michala Falk , Madsen Jonas Stenløkke , Sørensen Søren Johannes , Burmølle Mette
Published: July 2020

Bacteria live in sprawling communities forming complex dynamic biofilm structures. The spatial heterogeneity found in biofilms may be a driver for the selection for optimized biofilm variants. Bacterial species that increase their matrix production can position favourably in the exterior biofilm regions in order to compete for valuable substrates. Here, we study both the spatial organisation and growth of bacterial cells in different bacterial communities over time to determine links between the structure of interspecies biofilms and selection for phenotypes adapted to growth and persistence in biofilms. This leads to the identification of driving mechanisms behind the dynamic spatial organisation combined with the performance of individual species over time in the spatial biofilm structure.

Four species, previously co-isolated from soil, were used in different combinations. We examined the formation and spatial organisation of biofilms in distinct experimental model systems, as we hypothesized that their interaction would change dependent on the specific environment. The biofilm models used included the static Calgary biofilm device assay and two flow systems: the microfluidic BioFlux model (liquid bulk flow), and the drip flow reactor (liquid-air interphase). Both chromosomal fluorescent markers and FISH were used to visualize the organisation within biofilms by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

We reveal how the changes in biofilm structure affect the overall performance of the biofilm community as well as the individual species in the biofilm. Our data indicates that a favourable localization of the individual species in a multispecies biofilm reduces selection for competitive phenotypes. Furthermore, we also observed that changes in matrix production could serve to stabilise the interspecific interaction between bacteria. This highlights the specific structural composition of a biofilm community as important for explaining biofilm dynamics.
Bacterial Biofilms in Infective Endocarditis – A complex in vitro - Model to Investigate Emerging Technologies of Antimicrobial Cardiovascular Device Coatings
Authors: Kursawe Laura , Lauten Alexander , Martinović Marc , Affeld Klaus , Kertzscher Ulrich , Moter Annette , Kikhney Judith
Published: July 2020

Objective: Most biofilm flow-chambers are designed for standardized homogeneous biofilms for research purposes. These do not mimic the complexity of prosthetic heart valves, which consist of both artificial and biological material.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality. IE is characterized by bacterial biofilms of the endocardium leading to destruction of the valve. Current research demonstrates that about one quarter of the patients with formal surgery indication cannot undergo surgery. This group of patients needs further options of therapy, but due to a lack of models for IE, prospects of research are low.

Therefore, the purpose of this project was to establish an in vitro - model of infective endocarditis to allow growth of bacterial biofilms on porcine aortic valves, serving as baseline for further research.

Methods and Results: A pulsatile two-chamber circulation model was constructed that kept native porcine aortic valves under sterile, physiologic hemodynamic and temperature conditions. To exclude external contamination, sterility tests with sterile culture media were performed for 24h. During this time period, no growth of microorganisms was observed in the system and cultures after plating on standard media remained negative.

The system was inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis PIA 8400 to create biofilms on porcine aortic valves. Porcine aortic roots were incubated in this system for increasing periods of time and bacterial titration to evaluate bacterial growth and biofilm development on the valves. After incubation, specimens were embedded and tissue sections were analyzed by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for direct visualization of the biofilms and bacterial activity.

Pilot tests for biofilm growth showed monospecies colonization consisting of cocci with time- and inocula-dependent increase. FISH visualized biofilms with ribosome-containing, and thus metabolic active cocci, tissue infiltration and similar colonization pattern as observed by FISH in human IE heart valves infected by S. epidermidis.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate the establishment of a novel complex in vitro - model for bacterial biofilm growth on porcine aortic roots. The model will allow identifying predilection sites of heart valves for bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth and it may serve as baseline for further research on IE therapy and prevention, e.g. the development of antimicrobial transcatheter approaches to IE.
Functionalising antibiotics with nitroxides as an effective broad-spectrum biofilm eradication strategy.
Authors: Verderosa Anthony , Fairfull-Smith Kathryn , Totsika Makrina
Published: July 2020

Background:

The adhesion of planktonic bacteria to a surface (biotic or abiotic), and their subsequent ability to aggregate into multicellular communities called biofilms, is a major driving force of failing antibiotic therapy and persistence in chronic infections caused by a variety of pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) and plaguing healthcare systems worldwide. Biofilms are estimated to be involved in over 80% of all microbial infections in humans, and commonly exhibit extreme resistance to conventional antimicrobial treatments. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents, which target biofilm residing cells. Here, we present the development and evaluation of a new generation of dual-acting nitroxide functionalised antibiotics with potent biofilm eradication activity.

Methodology:

Synthetic organic chemistry was utilised to produce a new generation of nitroxide functionalised antibiotics with targeted biofilm eradication capabilities. These compounds were tested for biofilm eradication and/or dispersal of several bacterial species using the MBECTM device, a reproducible high-throughput static biofilm formation system. Mature biofilms were treated with serial dilutions of the specific test agent(s) and recovered bacterial numbers were quantified by absorbance spectroscopy at 600 nm or plating for viable cell counts. Treated biofilms were also stained with Live/Dead (SYTO-9/PI) bacterial viability kit and analysed by fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Results:

Nitroxide functionalised antibiotics exhibit potent biofilm-eradication activity against a variety of medically important pathogens, including P. aeruginosa, uropathogenic E. coli, and S. aureus. In Minimal Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) assays nitroxide functionalised antibiotics were 64-fold more potent against S. aureus biofilms, and at least 2-fold more potent against uropathogenic E. coli biofilms than the parent antibiotic ciprofloxacin.

Conclusions:

Currently, antibiotics are often entirely ineffective against biofilm infections. Nitroxide functionalised antibiotics represent a promising new strategy, which could circumvent the resistance of Gram-positive and Gram-negative biofilms to conventional treatments.
Alanine racemase as target to inhibit the Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation by L and D-amino acids
Authors: Elgamoudi Bassam , taha Taha , Korolik Victoria
Published: July 2020

The ability of bacterial pathogens to form biofilm is an important virulence mechanism in relation to its pathogenesis and transmission. Biofilms play a crucial role in survival in unfavourable environmental conditions, act as reservoirs of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance. For intestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, biofilms are considered to be a contributing factor in transmission through the food chain and currently, there are no known methods for intervention. Here we present an unconventional approach to reducing biofilm formation by C. jejuni by the application of D-amino acids (DAs), and L-amino acids (LAs). We found that DAs not LAs, except L-alanine, reduced biofilm formation by up to 70%. The treatment of C. jejuni cells with DAs changed the biofilm architecture and reduced the appearance of amyloid-like fibrils.  In addition, a mixture of DAs enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of D-Cycloserine (DCS) up to 32% as compared with DCS treatment alone. Unexpectedly, D-alanine was able to reverse the inhibitory effect of other DAs as well as DCS. Furthermore, L-alanine and D-tryptophan decreased transcript levels of alanine racemase (alr) and D-alanine-D-alanine ligase (ddlA). Our findings suggest that a combination of DAs could reduce biofilm formation, viability and persistence of C. jejuni.
Preventing biofilms by chitosan-based nanoantimicrobials (NAMs)
Authors: Kukushkina Ekaterina A. , Sportelli Maria Chiara , Ditaranto Nicoletta , Picca Rosaria Anna , Cioffi Nicola
Published: July 2020

Chitosan (CS), a natural non-toxic polysaccharide, shows intrinsic antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogens. CS and CS-based biomaterials can be effective additives in food and medicine-related industries to inhibit growth of pathogens. The application of inorganic nanophases, such as metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, has received attention due to their broad and pronounced antimicrobial activity. Upon combination with CS, which can act as stabilizer, with active inorganic nanophases, robust synergistic nanoantimicrobial (NAM) systems can be produced. These hybrid NAMs offer an alternative strategy to fight antimicrobial resistance and overcome limitations of conventional antibiotics. Bioactive ZnO, Cu and Ag nanophases produced by green electrochemical approach [Nanomaterials, 10(3) (2020), 473] and laser ablation in solution [(Coll. Surf. A, 559 (2018), 148-158), (Food packaging shelf, 22 (2019), 1000422)] can be combined with antimicrobial CS to develop synergistic antimicrobial nanohybrids with amplified biological action. CS-based NAMs were preliminary characterized by electron microscopies and spectroscopic techniques. Hybrid NAMs may find application in the control and inhibition of biofilm growth.

Acknowledgements
Financial support is acknowledged from European Union’s 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 813439