bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, practices and beliefs of students regarding health effects of shisha use in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ouédraogo A R , Boncoungou K , Ouédraogo J C R P , Sourabié A , Ouédraogo G , Bougma G , Bonkian E , Ouédraogo G , Badoum G , Ouédraogo M
Published: April 2023

Background. The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. Shisha use has recently been gaining increased popularity in many developed and developing countries.

Objective. To determine the prevalence of shisha use among students in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and associated knowledge, smoking practices and beliefs about health effects.

Method. A total of 443 students were selected for this cross-sectional study, using a stratified sampling method. Data on shisha use, knowledge about shisha, shisha smoking practices, and factors associated with use of shisha were collected via a questionnaire. The association between the independent variables and shisha use was assessed using a χ2 test (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables that were independently associated with shisha smoking.

Results. Of the 421 respondents, 162 (38.5%) indicated that they had smoked shisha; 14.0% were regular smokers. We found that 183 students (43.5%) had poor knowledge about the health effects of shisha. The main reasons for shisha smoking were being in the company of friends who were users (57.4%), the pleasant flavour and fragrance of shisha (25.9%), and fashion (22.2%). Ninety-nine shisha smokers (61.1%) also consumed alcohol. Factors associated with shisha smoking included age <20 years (p<0.001), gender (p=0.034), and educational level of the respondent’s father (p=0.0001) and mother (p=0.0004).

Conclusion. We found a relatively high prevalence of shisha smoking among the students, and that 43.5% of them had poor knowledge about its effects on health. Developing surveillance, intervention and regulatory/policy frameworks specific to shisha has become a public health priority.
Multifunctionality as a Basic Principle of Design
Authors: Zhukova Irina , Barsukova Nataliya Ivanovna
Published: April 2023

The subject of research in this article is the phenomenon of multifunctional objects and objects of the environment. The novelty of the research lies in identifying their features and trends associated with the lack of a unified and methodological approach in the theory and practice of design. In this regard, the issues related to the principle of multifunctionality in certain types of design are considered. Various components of multifunctional design as a progressive and affordable symbiosis of design solutions are highlighted. It was found out that modern design design is focused on the creation of both individual objects that include more than one function, and the environment as a whole. The relevance of this topic lies in the inability to organize a comfortable urban environment with the help of individual compositions. Therefore, the idea of an integrated approach, the organization of the human habitat by design means on the basis of multifunctionality and a multifaceted study of this issue has matured. The result of the study was the systematization of disparate knowledge, the identification of common conditions and factors for the formation of multifunctional objects and environments: efficiency, comfort, convenience, ergonomics in use or usability, modular principle and manufacturability. The definition of multifunctionality as the basic principle of design will expand the range of design design issues, its typologization, mutual adaptability and universality of the creative approach in work.
Studying the problems of youth "transitions" in European countries
Authors: Starkin Sergey Valer'evich , Pripisnova Elena Sergeevna
Published: April 2023

This article analyzes the research of European youth policy. The subject of the study is the main trends, typology and principles of functioning of youth "transitions" in European countries. The question of the need to study the phenomenon of youth "transitions" is relevant and timely, since today there is no generally accepted view on the ways to study these processes. The methodological basis of the study was analysis and synthesis, institutional, systemic and comparative approaches. Based on the studied material, the authors conclude that when considering strategies for youth "transitions", it is necessary to take into account several institutional areas, such as the type of socially-oriented state and the specifics of the transition from study to work. The interaction of these strategies gives different models of youth transitions. These studies highlight important interethnic differences depending on the modes of distribution of social assistance, types of capitalism, as well as growth strategies.Thus, we have considered various strategies structuring the transition to adulthood: in order to explain the different models of youth "transitions", it is necessary to take into account several institutional areas, such as the type of socially-oriented state and the specifics of the transition from study to work. The interaction of these strategies gives different models of youth transitions. Although many European researchers argue that age policy is important in this regard due to the aging of society and the growth of "gray power", most of the works devoted to this issue actually refute the hypothesis of bias in favor of the elderly: these studies emphasize important interethnic differences depending on the modes of distribution of social assistance, types of capitalism, as well as growth strategies. As a result, we come to the conclusion that young people should be considered as part of society as a whole, and, therefore, in order to understand how they move into adulthood, it is necessary to see the full institutional, political and economic picture.
Lingvotrenager as a means of electronic linguodidactics: experience in the development and implementation of the video tutorial cycle "A Walk in the Primorsky Territory" in the learning process of RCT
Authors: Menzhulina Daria
Published: April 2023

The subject of the study is the linguodidactic and linguometodic potential of the interactive simulator as a means of electronic linguodidactics in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language. In the course of the research, a set of methods is used: methodological modeling, questionnaires, expert evaluation, etc. The main method of research is the method of pedagogical experiment. During the experiment, a model of the educational process was built using a language trainer as a means of electronic linguodidactics. The pedagogical experiment was conducted in three stages and was aimed at studying the features of the educational process when teaching Russian as a foreign language using electronic linguodidactics. The data for the analysis were collected by questioning the students who took part in the experiment.   The relevance of the study of electronic linguodidactics in the teaching of RCT lies in the fact that in the conditions of a pandemic and a mass transition to distance learning, the needs of students in intensive foreign language acquisition continue to grow. This requires RCT teachers to create and use electronic educational resources in language teaching and their multidisciplinary development. In addition, the idea of syncretism of educational technologies seems relevant. The study made it possible to formulate the theoretical foundations of the linguometodic simulator in the most complete way and to confirm its practical significance in teaching RCT. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in deepening and expanding scientific and methodological ideas about the place and role of an interactive language trainer in the environment of electronic means of teaching RCT, as well as in presenting opportunities to improve the effectiveness of the formation of language skills and speech skills in teaching RCT. The main conclusion of this study is the position on the relevance of the use of electronic linguodidactics in the teaching of RCT, in particular an interactive language trainer.
Methods of Teaching Students of Non-Linguistic Specialties at a Higher Educational Institution
Authors: Guzova Aleksandra Viktorovna
Published: April 2023

The modern educational paradigm provides for the formation of various competencies: general cultural, personal and professional, the optimal combination of which should be achieved as a result of professional training of a specialist. Accordingly, for students of non-linguistic specialties, the study of a foreign language should be aimed at the development of all these competencies, which determines the choice of the main forms and methods of teaching it, based on an integrative personal-activity approach. At the same time, the main methodological solution for teaching a foreign language in a non-linguistic university should be the development and creative application of complex digital educational resources that can be used both as basic and additional pedagogical technologies. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that in the conditions of modern informatization of society, it becomes necessary not only to develop methodological tools independently, but also to use the existing developments productively. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that students have the opportunity to apply the knowledge, skills and abilities they have acquired, determine for themselves the need for additional information, continue their continuing education and self-education throughout their professional path. The use of digital educational resources makes it possible to switch the process of acquiring knowledge from broadcasting to their purposeful acquisition, which corresponds to the modern competence paradigm.
Mechanism of fluorescence enhancement of HClO detected by excited-state intramolecular proton transfer based HBT-OMe molecule
Authors: Liu Xiao-Jun , Yang Xue ,   College of Science, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China,   College of Science, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
Published: April 2023

The molecule with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has wide applications in fluorescent probe, biology imaging, light-emitting materials, etc. Biologically active oxygen hypochlorite (HClO) exists widely in the biological and chemical environment, which can pose a great threat to human health. Design of HClO-sensitive molecules in solvents is very important. Recently, Wu et al. [Wu L L, Yang Q Y, Liu L Y, et al. 2018 Chem. Commun. 54 8522] designed an ESIPT-based HBT-OMe probe molecule, which can detect HClO due to its methoxy-hydroxy-benzothiazole. They found that the fluorescence intensity of the system gradually increases with HClO increasing. However, the microscopic mechanism of this highly efficient fluorescent probe is not well understood. Therefore, in this work, we theoretically investigate the ESIPT mechanism of the HBT-Ome and its product molecule by using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. Based on polarizable continuum model (PCM) with the integral equation formalism variant (IEFPCM) and Becke’s three-parameter hybrid exchange function with the Lee-Yang-Parr gradient-corrected functional (B3LYP) as well as the TZVP basis, the optimized structures are obtained. The structures show that the HBT-Ome product molecules tend to undergo proton transfer in the excited state but HBT-OMe molecules cannot undergo the proton transfer process. The analysis of frontier molecular orbitals not only explains the reason why the fluorescence of the HBT-Ome product is enhanced, but also demonstrates that the HBT-Ome fluorescence intensity is diminished owing to twisted intramolecular charge transfer in the excited state. It is twisted intramolecular charge transfer that leads smaller charge density to be overlapped and the fluorescence intensity of HBT-OMe molecule to be further weakened. Infrared vibrational spectrum shows the enhancement of intramolecular hydrogen bond of O—H, which indicates the tendency of proton transfer. The molecular covalent interaction analysis shows that the intramolecular interactions of HBT-OMe remain largely unchanged clearly. The intramolecular O—H bonding interaction is weakened, and the N—H bonding interaction is increased for HBT-OMe product molecule. The enhancement of intramolecular hydrogen bond of N—H further illustrates the trend of proton transfer. The calculated potential energy curve provides direct evidence for the occurrence of ESIPT in the HBT-Ome product molecule. Our work is of great significance in designing and synthesizing the HClO fluorescent probes based on ESIPT molecules.
Initial value problem of nonlinear KdV-Schrödinger system
Authors: Pei Yi-Tong , Wang Jin-Kun , Guo Bo-Ling , Liu Wu-Ming ,   School of Mathematics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
Published: April 2023

The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is a mathematical model that describes the propagation of long waves in dispersive media. It takes into account both nonlinearity and dispersion, and is particularly useful for modeling phenomena like solitons. The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation models the dynamics of narrow-bandwidth wave packets consisting of short dispersive waves. It is a useful model for describing many physical systems, including Bose-Einstein condensates, optical fibers, and water waves. A system that couples the KdV and NLS equations can model the interaction of long and short waves. This system combines the strengths of both models. The long waves described by the KdV equation can affect the behavior of the short waves described by the NLS equation, while the short waves can in turn affect the behavior of the long waves. Such a coupled system has been studied extensively over the last few decades, and has led to important insights into many physical systems. This paper considers the existence of local solutions to the Cauchy problem of KdV-Schrödinger nonlinear system on the basis of literature (Bernard D, Nghiem V N, Benjamin L S 2016 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 49 415501), and also gives the existence space of the local solutions.
Preparation and photoelectric property of large scale monolayer MoS2
Authors: Wu Peng , Tan Lun , Li Wei , Cao Li-Wei , Zhao Jun-Bo , Qu Yao , Li Ang ,   Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China,   Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Detection and Control of Hydrogen Energy, School of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
Published: April 2023

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers exhibit enhanced electrical and optoelectrical properties, which are promising for next-generation optoelectronic devices. However, large-scale and uniform growth of TMDC monolayers with large grain size is still a considerable challenge. Presented in this work is a simple and effective approach to fabricating largescale molybdenum (MoS2) disulfide monolayers by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. It is found that MoS2 grows from single crystal into thin film with the increase of oxide precursor proportion. The photodetector of large scale monolayer layer MoS2 film is fabricated by depositing metal electrodes on the interdigital electrode mask through using thermal evaporation coating. Finally, the highly stable and repeatable photoelectric responses under the conditions of different voltages and different laser power are characterized under 405-nm laser excitation, with response time decreasing down to the order of milliseconds (ms). In addition, the photodetector achieves a wide spectral detection range from 405 nm to 830 nm, that is, from visible light to near-infrared light wavelength range, with optical response (R) of 291.7 mA/W and optical detection rate (D*) of 1.629×109 Jones. The monolayer MoS2 thin film photodetector demonstrated here has the advantages of low cost, feasibility of large-scale preparation, and good stability and repeatability in the wide spectrum range from visible light to near infrared light wavelength, providing the possibilities for future applications of electronic and optoelectronic devices .
Transmembrane protein CD69 acts as an S1PR1 agonist
Authors: Chen Hongwen , Qin Yu , Chou Marissa , Cyster Jason G , Li Xiaochun
Published: April 2023

The activation of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) by S1P promotes lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs, a process critical for immune surveillance and T cell effector activity. Multiple drugs that inhibit S1PR1 function are in use clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cluster of Differentiation 69 (CD69) is an endogenous negative regulator of lymphocyte egress that interacts with S1PR1 in cis to facilitate internalization and degradation of the receptor. The mechanism by which CD69 causes S1PR1 internalization has been unclear. Moreover, although there are numerous class A GPCR structures determined with different small molecule agonists bound, it remains unknown whether a transmembrane protein per se can act as a class A GPCR agonist. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of CD69-bound S1PR1 coupled to the heterotrimeric Gi complex. The transmembrane helix (TM) of one protomer of CD69 homodimer contacts the S1PR1-TM4. This interaction allosterically induces the movement of S1PR1-TMs 5–6, directly activating the receptor to engage the heterotrimeric Gi. Mutations in key residues at the interface affect the interactions between CD69 and S1PR1, as well as reduce the receptor internalization. Thus, our structural findings along with functional analyses demonstrate that CD69 acts in cis as a protein agonist of S1PR1, thereby promoting Gi-dependent S1PR1 internalization, loss of S1P gradient sensing, and inhibition of lymphocyte egress.
Chemical and toxicological assessment of leachates from UV-degraded plastic materials using in-vitro bioassays
Authors: Schwarz Weike , Wegener Stina , Schertzinger Gerhard , Pannekens Helena , Schweyen Peter , Dierkes Georg , Klein Kristina , Ternes Thomas A. , Oehlmann Jörg , Dopp Elke
Published: April 2023

The broad use of plastics and the persistence of the material results in plastic residues being found practically everywhere in the environment. If plastics remain in the (aquatic) environment, natural weathering leads to degradation processes and compounds may leach from plastic into the environment. To investigate the impact of degradation process on toxicity of leachates, different types of UV irradiation (UV-C, UV-A/B) were used to simulate weathering processes of different plastic material containing virgin as well as recyclate material and biodegradable polymers. The leached substances were investigated toxicologically using in-vitro bioassays. Cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT-assay, genotoxicity by using the p53-CALUX and Umu-assay, and estrogenic effects by the ERα-CALUX. Genotoxic as well as estrogenic effects were detected in different samples depending on the material and the irradiation type. In four leachates of 12 plastic species estrogenic effects were detected above the recommended safety level of 0.4 ng 17β-estradiol equivalents/L for surface water samples. In the p53-CALUX and in the Umu-assay leachates from three and two, respectively, of 12 plastic species were found to be genotoxic. The results of the chemical analysis show that plastic material releases a variety of known and unknown substances especially under UV radiation, leading to a complex mixture with potentially harmful effects. In order to investigate these aspects further and to be able to give recommendations for the use of additives in plastics, further effect-related investigations are advisable.
Factibilidad de uso de asfaltitas de Pesca Boyacá en estructuras de pavimento flexible
Authors: Alarcón Dallos J. , Galvis Pinzón W. , Suarez Rivera P.
Published: April 2023

La utilización de materiales no convencionales ha sido una técnica ampliamente estudiada y utilizada en el mundo. Se reporta los resultados del análisis comparativo desde el punto de vista técnico y económico de una mezcla densa en frío con la adición de asfaltita. El diseño se realizó por las metodologías Marshall y Ramcodes, previa caracterización de los agregados, esto con el fin obtener puntos de comparación en el cumplimiento de las especificaciones y propiedades volumétricas obtenidas y determinar si la asfaltita puede ser utilizada en la construcción de capas de estructuras de pavimentos flexibles en nuestro país. La mezcla diseñada con asfaltita, para la gradación del límite central de las especificaciones, cumple los criterios de diseño para una mezcla densa en frio usada en labores de bacheo, con excepción del flujo. Estas mezclas, pueden llegar a tener un mejor comportamiento que las mezclas convencionales, a un costo no muy alto. Es prometedor el uso de las asfaltitas de Pesca Boyacá, como agregado fino en una mezcla densa en frio con emulsión asfáltica, una vez que aumenta su estabilidad a un costo de fabricación inicial, inferior al costo de una mezcla convencional.
Native-shrub-strip effects on conservation and ecosystem services provided by insect pollinators in avocado orchards (Persea americana Mill)
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Muñoz González Alejandra
Published: April 2023

La polinización biótica es importante para la agricultura y para la mantención de comunidades de plantas silvestres. Las abejas (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) son el principal grupo de polinizadores. El establecimiento de bandas de flores en agroecosistemas ha probado incrementar su abundancia y puede mejorar la polinización de cultivos. Esta tesis evaluó el efecto del establecimiento de bandas de flores nativas (BFN) en huertos de palto sobre la conservación de polinizadores silvestres (abundancia, diversidad taxonómica y funcional, y visitas florales) y sobre sus servicios de polinización. Las BFN incrementaron abundancia de abejas silvestres, promovieron tasas de visitas de dípteros e incrementaron la cuaja de frutos en paltos adyacentes a ellas. Esto era esperado debido a la provisión de recursos florales complementarios en BFN. Ni la diversidad taxonómica ni la funcional de plantas en BFN afectaron positivamente la diversidad funcional de abejas, como era esperado, y los resultados fueron altamente sesgados por la presencia de una especie de planta. Las BFN contribuyeron a la conservación de polinizadores silvestres en un hotspot de biodiversidad y al servicio de polinización del cultivo. Sin embargo, más estudios se necesitan para entender cómo las BFN alteran la diversidad funcional y taxonómica de abejas silvestres.
Borde para la articulación del bosque con su contexto : caso de ruta internacional en el sector interior/andino en la comuna de Panguipulli
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Arquitectura, Guerrero Radic Constanza
Published: April 2023

El territorio chileno está compuesto por un 23,3% de bosque, formando parte esencial de la construcción del paisaje nacional. Éste tiene una especial importancia en la zona sur del país, donde es un componente principal del territorio. El bosque constituye una gran parte del imaginario del paisaje, el cual desde la instalación de las primeras comunidades ha significado una fuente de recursos y protección para quienes habitan en sus proximidades, pero también forma parte de la cultura de las diferentes comunidades que se han desarrollado junto a éste. Durante los últimos 200 años se ha producido una explotación desmedida de este recurso, que ha significado una gran pérdida de superficie de bosque nativo, donde éste fue reemplazado por plantaciones forestales, agricultura, ganadería o erradicado para establecer urbanizaciones. A nivel mundial hay una constante pérdida de superficie de bosque nativo por el aumento de las demandas del mercado maderero, las cuales para no generar daños a los ecosistemas boscosos, solo pueden ser alcanzadas mediante sistemas de producción a gran escala. Esto produce pérdida de la riqueza biológica del bosque, tanto de las especies de árboles y composiciones forestales como de los diferentes ecosistemas que dependen de él. Esta degradación del bosque disminuye su calidad y con ello su capacidad de regeneración y eventualmente pudiendo llevar a la deforestación de manera irreversible. El gran valor tanto paisajístico como cultural que tiene el Bosque Nativo en el sur de Chile, junto con los otros elementos territoriales que lo componen, implica la necesidad de protección de éstos, tanto de las actividades productivas como los aspectos de desarrollo turístico, de manera que el bosque pueda ser conservado y entendido como un aspecto fundamental de la relación con el territorio del sur. La presente investigación propone un estudio de la relación del Bosque Nativo con su contexto, tomando como punto de partida un objeto artesanal: la fuente de madera. Desde este objeto, se logra trazar el proceso productivo para comprender la relación que tiene éste con el territorio y el bosque. A partir de la necesidad de resguardo del bosque descubierta en la investigación, se busca regularizar la posible amenaza al Bosque Nativo que proviene desde su borde para que éste mantenga sus cualidades ecológicas y productivas; elemento que queda fuera de la protección de la Ley del Bosque Nativo de CONAF y al mismo tiempo permitir o generar una conexión con el paisaje. El proyecto de arquitectura del paisaje busca, a través de la planificación territorial, la mediación del Bosque Nativo con su contexto inmediato de manera integral, logrando no sólo la conservación del bosque sino que a su vez, el desarrollo de las comunidades rurales adyacentes.
Del Fragmento al paisaje : infraestructura híbrida como medio para establecer un paisaje de transición que permita la resignificación del límite urbano de Punta Arenas
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos, Brstilo Franklin Vania Slavia
Published: April 2023

Las ciudades del mundo están experimentando un acelerado crecimiento debido al aumento de población mundial, en específico, aquellas que habitan entornos urbanizados. De esta forma, las ciudades han tenido que transformar y expandir constantemente sus límites para acoger a dicha población, lo que ha generado una serie de perjuicios hacia los ecosistemas del contexto geográfico que las alberga. Punta Arenas es la ciudad más poblada de la XII Región de Magallanes y la Antártica chilena. Ésta, a lo largo de su historia, ha experimentado una serie de procesos que han (re)dibujado sus límites, debido principalmente a su posición estratégica frente al territorio nacional y mundial: el Estrecho de Magallanes. A su vez, el río de Las Minas, cuyo nombre celebra una impronta de alto valor histórico y cultural, fue testigo y principal agente impulsor del desarrollo económico y social de la ciudad de Punta Arenas, a través de la explotación principalmente de carbón y, en menor medida, de oro. La constante inmigración y acelerado crecimiento del cual fue testigo la ciudad produjo una serie de problemáticas en torno a los límites urbanos, provocando paisajes de composición fragmentada y procesos conflictivos. En consecuencia, paisajes que carecen de identidad y carácter, en los cuales gobierna el caos y la indeterminación por la falta de planificación. A su vez, esto tuvo una serie de consecuencias como el retroceso ecológico, el desequilibrio hídrico y la segregación urbana, configurando así, sitios que presentan vulnerabilidades multidimensionales. La presente investigación propone el análisis, conceptualización y proyección a través de la arquitectura del paisaje de la temática y problemática anteriormente planteada. Dicho esto, se propone el establecimiento de un paisaje de transición que permita resignificar el límite urbano de Punta Arenas, de modo que éste se perciba y habite mediante la implementación de infraestructuras híbridas. Dichas infraestructuras hibridizan patrones y procesos que se planifican y diseñan como medio para crear una nueva lógica de ocupación en estos sitios de transición, mediante la incorporación y resignificación de los fragmentos preexistentes. En tal sentido, se busca dar solución a respuestas tanto hídricas, ecológicas como urbanas que permitan la coexistencia de dichas dinámicas mediante el establecimiento de un sistema mixto que las reúna y vincule, permitiendo su establecimiento, adaptabilidad y desarrollo tanto en el espacio como en el tiempo.
¿Cómo se evalúa la lectura domiciliaria? : un estudio de caso sobre los instrumentos de evaluación del plan de lecturas complementarias en un liceo de la Región Metropolitana
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Alfaro Palma Rodrigo
Published: April 2023

Los instrumentos de evaluación son documentos que dan cuenta del modo en que el docente espera recoger evidencia del aprendizaje a evaluar. En el caso de la evaluación sumativa de la lectura de una obra literaria, esos instrumentos dejan ver un posicionamiento del docente sobre qué prioriza observar para poder emitir juicios en torno a la lectura literaria. Este informe presenta un estudio de caso sobre los instrumentos de evaluación del Plan de Lecturas Domiciliarias del Ciclo de Formación General de la Enseñanza Media en la asignatura de Lengua y Literatura. El objetivo general de la investigación es caracterizar el enfoque en torno a la Educación Literaria que se evidencia en los instrumentos de evaluación del PLD del Ciclo de Formación General de Enseñanza Media (séptimo básico a segundo medio) de un liceo municipal de la Región Metropolitana. En el análisis se consideraron las características de los reactivos (tipo, puntaje). También, se utilizó la taxonomía de Marzano y Kendall (2007), para describir el nivel cognitivo y el dominio del conocimiento al que se asocian los reactivos. A partir de los resultados se indagó en la tensión existente entre aquello que declaran evaluar estos instrumentos, los aprendizajes declarados en el currículum ligados a la lectura literaria, y la evidencia que realmente recogen los instrumentos. Aunque no se observa la materialización de un discurso unificado y articulado respecto a la evaluación del PLC, los resultados muestran una marcada preferencia por la prueba escrita y por el reactivo de respuesta cerrada; un foco en los niveles iniciales del procesamiento de la información y una forma de abordar la interpretación que está centrada en el texto. Junto con eso, se identifican iniciativas incipientes y desarticuladas que dan cuenta de una mirada innovadora en torno a la evaluación Plan lector.
Role of Reprimo-like as a a tumor suppressor and candidate biomarker in gastric cancer
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Medicina, Alarcón Alarcón María Alejandra
Published: April 2023

Reprimo-like (RPRML) is an uncharacterized member of the Reprimo gene family. Herein, we evaluated the role of RPRML and whether its regulation by DNA methylation is a potential non-invasive biomarker of gastric cancer. RPRML expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 90 patients with gastric cancer and associated with clinicopathologic characteristics and outcome. The role of RPRML in cancer biology was investigated in vitro, through RPRML ectopic overexpression. Functional experiments included colony formation, soft agar, MTS, and Ki67 immunofluorescence assays. DNA methylation-mediated silencing was evaluated by the 5-azacytidine assay and direct bisulfite sequencing. Non-invasive detection of circulating methylated RPRML DNA was assessed in 25 gastric cancer cases and 64 controls by the MethyLight assay. Downregulation of RPRML protein expression was associated with poor overall survival in advanced gastric cancer. RPRML overexpression significantly inhibited clonogenic capacity, anchorage-independent growth, and proliferation, in vitro. Circulating methylated RPRML DNA discriminated patients with gastric cancer from controls with an area under the curve of 0.729. The in vitro overexpression results and the poor patient survival associated with lower RPRML levels suggest that RPRML plays a tumor-suppressive role in the stomach. Circulating methylated RPRML DNA may serve as a biomarker for the non-invasive detection of gastric cancer.
Implementación de una intervención basada en la terapia de aceptación y compromiso para pacientes con dolor crónico adaptada al contexto del CRS Cordillera Oriente
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Reyes Abarca María Luisa
Published: April 2023

El dolor crónico es un fenómeno complejo y multidimensional de alta prevalencia en Chile. Su abordaje supone un desafío a los profesionales de la salud del sector público, debido a los limitados recursos y capacidades de los que disponen los distintos centros. En esa línea, el objetivo del presente trabajo es generar una propuesta de abordaje para pacientes con dolor crónico en el Centro de Referencia en Salud Cordillera Oriente, por medio de la implementación online de una intervención psicológica basada en la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso, adaptada al contexto de la pandemia actual por COVID-19. Así, se examinaron los efectos a nivel de significancia clínica de una intervención grupal de 9 sesiones, con una duración aproximada de una hora y media cada una, en un grupo de tres pacientes con dolor crónico que se atienden en el establecimiento de salud mencionado. Para ello, se utilizaron escalas de medición de depresión, ansiedad, estado de salud general, intensidad del dolor, catastrofismo y aceptación del dolor; así como también se evaluó la percepción subjetiva de cambio global y la satisfacción de las participantes con la intervención. Se evidenciaron resultados positivos en las escalas de depresión y ansiedad, disminuyendo los niveles de catastrofismo y, en algunos de los casos, mejorando la aceptación del dolor. Todo ello con altos niveles de satisfacción reportados y una evaluación general positiva por parte de las participantes, pese a que la sintomatología física se mantuvo en un nivel moderado e incluso severo, y a que no todas las pacientes percibieron una mejoría en su estado de salud después de la intervención. Así, los resultados indican que la intervención es potencialmente efectiva y susceptible de ser implementada nuevamente en este contexto.
Factores que inciden en la asistencia de los padres a un programa de parentalidad : una mirada de análisis cualitativo
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Lara Rojas Katiuska Etienne
Published: April 2023

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo comprender qué factores inciden en la asistencia de padres, madres y cuidadores a programas de parentalidad positiva. Dicho objetivo se enmarca en una solicitud de apoyo por parte de la Municipalidad de San Joaquín al proyecto Colaborar UC, ya que presentaban problemas de asistencia a uno de sus programas de parentalidad. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, ya que se espera poder acceder a la experiencia subjetiva de los participantes, quienes corresponden a usuarios del programa de parentalidad positiva “Triple P” en la comuna de San Joaquín, los cuales son entrevistados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Así también, se entrevistó a dos facilitadores de este programa quienes lo implementan en sus respectivas comunas (San Joaquín y Rancagua). Posteriormente, las entrevistas fueron codificadas y analizadas mediante la teoría fundamentada, para finalmente pasar por un proceso de triangulación de la información. En los resultados se encontró que hay aspectos de la implementación que influyen en la asistencia y adherencia. Esto se observa en la bibliografía extranjera y en los resultados obtenidos en la muestra chilena, donde además se destaca la importancia del trabajo en red para poder difundir la oferta programática y llegar a más usuarios. Dentro de los factores que inciden en la asistencia a programas de parentalidad se encuentra el percibir la adolescencia como una etapa compleja de la crianza, identificar un problema o necesidad que el usuario desee trabajar, ver que aquello que le motivó a participar está siendo trabajado y se generan progresos, así como también el mantener una buena relación con los facilitadores.
Percepción de terapeutas del servicio público respecto de una cápsula audiovisual de primera entrevista como herramienta de formación.
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Arriagada Ruiz Cristóbal
Published: April 2023

En Chile la formación de psicólogos clínicos se caracteriza por una insuficiente enseñanza tanto de habilidades prácticas, como de estrategias para el abordaje de pacientes usuarios del servicio público de salud. El presente estudio se propuso conocer la percepción de psicólogos clínicos del servicio de salud público respecto a una cápsula audiovisual HAP de la primera entrevista de un actor que simula las características y el motivo de consulta típico de un paciente de dicho contexto de atención. Mediante un enfoque de investigación cuantitativo, y un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal con alcance exploratorio, 78 psicólogos que trabajan en CESFAM, COSAM y hospital observaron la cápsula audiovisual HAP y luego respondieron un cuestionario de autorreporte en el que plasmaron sus impresiones sobre dicho material. Entre los aspectos positivos del video reportados por los participantes destaca la valoración del material como una contribución positiva (14,10%), así como también su carácter práctico (15,38%), pedagógico (9,82%) e inteligible (24,35%). No obstante, el material audiovisual fue descrito como básico (14,10%), descontextualizado (7,69%), incompleto (5,55%) y poco espontáneo (8,97%). Por otra parte, pese a que en general los participantes reportaron como suficientemente útil la metodología pragmática (M: 3.72; SD: 0,80), como poco útil el video en cuanto a percepción de nuevo aprendizaje (M: 2,29; SD: 0,74) y como algo útil el material en su totalidad (M: 3,09; SD: 0,70), los psicólogos que desempeñan funciones en CESFAM evaluaron de manera más favorable el video comparado con los psicólogos que trabajan en COSAM y hospital (p’s > 0.05). Finalmente, cabe destacar como limitaciones de esta investigación el bajo tamaño muestral y la dependencia del autorreporte.
Caminamos mirando al cielo: propuesta performativa para el convivio y la memoria
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Artes. Escuela de Teatro, Hono Olmos Francisca
Published: April 2023

La presente memoria da cuenta del proceso de investigación a través de la práctica que se ha llevado a cabo para la creación de la performance Caminamos mirando al cielo, proyecto que cuestiona la noción de convivio en las artes escénicas en período de pandemia por COVID-19, y que propone formas de generar conciencia en torno a la salud mental y en específico, formas de generar memoria para quienes han muerto por suicidio dentro del edificio Mall Costanera Center. A partir de un diálogo con referencias bibliográficas sobre los conceptos de Convivio, Ética y Liminalidad, y del análisis de prácticas realizadas por diferentes artistas, esta memoria reflexiona sobre el proceso de creación de la obra y sobre las posturas éticas que asumo como artista frente a la creación e investigación.
Interpregnancy Interval Effect on Perinatal Outcome- A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Bera Moumita , Chaudhury Nilanjana , Samanta Subrata
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Spacing of birth is an important parameter affecting maternal and foetal health. Optimal birth spacing provides multiple benefits for both mother and her child. Both short and long Inter-Pregnancy Intervals (IPI) is associated with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes. Therefore, IPI is viewed as a potential modifiable risk factor for adverse foetal-maternal outcome. Aim: To study the association of IPIs with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India for a period of 18 months from January 2019 to June 2020. All multigravida women with atleast three antenatal check-ups were included in the study. The subjects were divided in two groups: group A consisted of 86 subjects, who had <2 year IPI and group B consisted of 87 subjects, who had ≥2 year IPI. These were compared on the basis of following sociodemographic characteristics: maternal age, Body Mass Index (BMI), contraceptive use, socio-economic status. Foetal outcome was assessed by gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) score, need for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit/Sick Neonatal Care Unit (NICU/SNCU) admission and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Data were collected and statistically analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Chi-square test was used for categorical data and students t-test was used for continuous data. Statistical significance in all evaluations was defined as p-value <0.05. Results: Contraception use were significantly less in women with short IPI (p=0.001). The incidence of anaemia (p=0.026), scar dehiscence in postcaesarean pregnancies (p=0.031) and Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) (p=0.041) were also higher in mothers with short IPI. In this group incidence of low-birthweight baby (p=0.039), preterm birth (p=0.041) and need for care of babies in NICU (p=0.043) were also higher and was statistically significant. Conclusion: Lack of contraceptive use significantly increases the risk of short IPI which increases the risk of preterm delivery, maternal anaemia PPH and scar rupture in post-CS pregnancy and therefore, has a serious impact on maternal morbidity. Low birth weight and NICU/SNCU admission being more in group A was a drain on the health expenditure.
Mechanical properties of selected polymer sandwich composites
Authors:   Rzeszow University of Technology, Zielińska Paulina , Ziaja Waldemar
Published: April 2023

The aim of this work was to determine the influence of material and geometric factors of selected sandwich composites on their mechanical properties. The first pair of sandwich materials under consideration were made by the industrial infusion method and consisted of epoxy resin reinforced with 7 layers of glass fabric (skin) with core made of PVC foam or aramid honeycomb. The second pair of materials was prepared manually and consisted of polyester resin reinforced with glass mat (skin) with aramid honeycomb core of varying thicknesses. Mechanical properties were determined in static bending, compression and tensile tests. In each case, the failure mode of the tested composite materials was determined. In the case of composites with epoxy resin skins application of aramid honeycomb core resulted in higher tensile and edgewise compressive strength. For materials with polyester resin skins and honeycomb cores it was found that increase of core thickness yielded higher bending stiffness but the tensile and bending strength were reduced.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Hedranthera barteri on Female Albino Wister Rats
Authors: Okeke C. C. , Omogo S. E. , Lawal R.A. , Edeji F. U. , Akubueze E. U.
Published: April 2023

Phytochemical and antioxidant evaluation of ethanolic extracts  of Hedranthera barteri leaves is an anti-inflammatory agent which exhibits both hyposecretive and cytoprotective effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antioxidant capacity of Hedranthera barteri leaves using female white albino rats. Ethanolic extraction of Hedranthera Barteri leaves was done using 70% ethanol. The sub-acute toxicity of the extract to the female albino Wister rats were monitored The results of Glutathion (GSH) concentration revealed that (p<0.05) there was no significant difference between different concentrations of Hedranthera barteri and chlomphene citrate compared to the control group. Results of superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed (p>0.05) that there was significant difference between 100mg/kg Hedranthera barteri and 200mg/kg Hedranthera Barteri compared with the control group. Also, the result of catalase (CAT) revealed that p>0.05 there was a significant difference between 100mg/kg Hedranthera Barteri compared to the control group. However, there was p<0.05 no significant difference between different concentrations of Hedranthera Barteri and clomiphene citrate compared to the control group of malonaldehyde (MDA). The results above indicated that Hedranthera Barteri leaves extracts is capable of scavenging free radicals. The female albino Wister rats did not show signs of toxicity or mortality. The presence of phenols, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phlobatanin and terpenoids may be responsible for the antioxidant activities of the extracts.
Factors associated with emergency room visits or hospitalization in home-based oncology palliative care: an integrative review / Fatores associados à visita à emergência ou hospitalização em cuidados paliativos oncológicos domiciliares: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza Flavia Navi de , Silva Vanessa Gomes da , Silva Alexandre Sousa da
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à visita à emergência ou hospitalização dos pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos domiciliares. Método: revisão integrativa nas bases PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science e Embase. Perguntou-se “quais os fatores associados à visita a serviços de emergência ou hospitalização de pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos domiciliares?”. Descritores foram neoplasias; cuidados paliativos; hospitalização; serviços médicos de emergência; serviços de assistência domiciliar. Critérios de elegibilidade foram texto na íntegra; entre 2012 e 2022; idioma inglês, português ou espanhol; idade adulta. Resultados: foram selecionados 16 artigos. As causas mais comuns de visita à emergência/hospitalização foram dor, falta de ar, infecção, sintomas digestivos, delirium e queda do estado geral/fadiga. Conclusão: este estudo identificou lacunas em que os cuidados paliativos domiciliares podem ser aprimorados.
Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Walter Kristin
Published: April 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes the causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of early pregnancy loss.
Trends in Medicare Spending on Oral Drugs for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia From 2014 to 2020
Authors: Cliff Edward R. Scheffer , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Rome Benjamin N. , Feldman William B.
Published: April 2023

This cross-sectional study analyzes trends in Medicare Part D use and spending on oral-targeted drugs for chronic lymphocytic leukemia from 2014 to 2020.