bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of narrow root fracture models using modified temperature cycling method and diagnosis using different cone-beam CT units
Authors: Liang Jiahao , Pakezhati Seyiti , Cao Dantong , Cao Ya , Xie Xin , Gao Antian , Wang Zhiyong , Lin Zitong
Published: April 2020

Background The aim of this study was to Use modified thermal cycling method to establish narrow root fracture models and evaluate the diagnosis efficiency of them using four different cone-beam CT (CBCT) units.Methods Fifty-six intact teeth were selected and the crowns of the teeth were embedded using general purpose acrylic resin. 50 VRF models were established by soaking these teeth in liquid nitrogen and hot water cyclically; 6 teeth were used as negative control. All the 56 teeth were scanned with the smallest voxel size of four different CBCT units (NewTom VGi, Planmeca Promax 3D Max, Kavo 3D eXam and Soredex Scanora3D). 10 teeth were randomly selected and the roots were sliced using slow-speed saw to obtain horizontal root sections. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure the width of the fracture lines (FLs). The CBCT images were evaluated for the presence or absence of fracture lines. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for the diagnosis of FLs using the four CBCT units.Results Fifty narrow root fracture models were successfully established, and 25 root sections with 45 FLs were acquired. The width of FLs was from 3.43 µm to 143 µm; 32.06% were less than 25 µm, only 9.6% were from 75 to 150 µm. The AUC was 0.59, 0.520, 0.61 and 0.58 for NewTom VGi, Planmeca Promax 3D Max, Kavo 3D eXam and Soredex Scanora3D, respectively.Conclusions The modified temperature cycling method is a simple and effective method to establish narrow root fracture models, the diagnosis efficiently for these narrow fracture lines were quite poor using all the four different CBCT units.
Preliminary damage survey of school buildings and proposed plan for reconstruction of school buildings after 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal
Authors: Paudyal Youb Raj , Bhandary Netra Prakash , Yatabe Ryuichi
Published: April 2020

The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake (Mw = 7.8) in Nepal has devastated about 9,000 schools. The majority of damage was conceived in the peripheral districts of the Kathmandu valley. Damage distribution in the most-affected 14 districts shows that previous construction practices were an important determent for the intensity of the damage observed across these districts. The use of improper construction materials, lack of construction supervision and non-compliance with existing building codes during design and construction contributed to most of the school buildings to be severely or fully damaged. In addition to the physical damage to infrastructure, there is a significant psychological impact in terms of the effect that the disaster had on the mental health of on the school-going children, their parents and teachers within the affected areas. Preliminary damage assessment results show that in the most-affected districts, about 86% schools have been affected by the earthquakes and about one million students have been or still are out of schools for a longer period of time as a result of this. Preliminary data shows that about 30% classrooms are collapsed, about 13% classrooms are major damaged, and about 17% are minor damaged with in the most-affected 14 districts. This evidences of losses and damages from the earthquake provides an opportunity to learn lessons for future preparedness to encounter the challenge of disaster. This paper attempts to identify the needs to be addressed for the reconstruction of school buildings after 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal.
Risk factors for developing high-output ileostomy: a retrospective study
Authors: Jian'an Xiao , Bai Dongxiao , Li Lei , Shen Zhiling , Huang Tianchen , Zhang Yong , Wang Qingbing , Wang Yanjun
Published: April 2020

Background: Prophylactic ileostomy and colostomy have been widely used to reduce the risk and complications of anastomotic leakage with high-risk colorectal cancer after operation. However, prophylactic ileostomy itself has some complications, and ileostomy high out-put syndrome is one of them. This study was performed to explore the risk factors of HOS in ileostomy.Methods: A total of 114 patients with HOS were screened out from 494 eligible ileostomy patients in the last five years. The clinical and pathological data were analyzed. The relationship between HOS and clinicopathological data was analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression.Results: There was no clear correlation between the occurrence of HOS with sex, age, gross typing, histological grade, location of tumors, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (p > 0.05). Preoperative complications including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were risk factors for HOS (p < 0.05). Total colectomy and abdominal infection were risk factors for HOS (p < 0.05) during operation.Conclusion: Inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus and neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer are the preoperative risk factors for HOS. Total colectomy and postoperative abdominal infection are the postoperative risk factors for HOS.
Galectin-9 expression correlates with efficacy of tacrolimus therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: shu qiang , Sun Jiao , Sui Yameng , Wang Yunqing , Song Lijun , Li Dong , Li Guosheng , Liu Jianwei
Published: April 2020

Background: The calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (TAC) is the second-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a multifunctional immunomodulatory factor highly expressed in RA synovial tissues and synovial fluid. This study aimed to investigate the expression of Gal-9 and its correlation with disease activity and response to TAC in RA patients.Methods: Active RA patients were enrolled and treated with TAC alone or in combination with methotrexate and/or prednisone for 12 weeks in a prospective cohort study. Clinical and immunological parameters were recorded at baseline and at week 12. We measured Gal-9 expression in different subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using flow cytometry and assayed Gal-9 levels in plasma. We also tested cytokine levels in plasma by ELISA. Results: The disease activity of RA patients notably decreased after TAC treatment. At baseline, the percentages of CD4+ T cells and T regulatory cells (CD4+CD25+CD127low) expressing Gal-9 were higher in the group with severe disease than in mild or moderate groups. After TAC treatment in RA patients, the Gal-9 expression in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4-CD8- cell subsets decreased, as well as Gal-9 mean fluorescence intensity in CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Similarly, plasma Gal-9 levels were lower at week 12 than at baseline. Good responders showed significantly lower Gal-9 expression on CD3+ and CD4+ T cell subsets as well as lower plasma Gal-9 levels than poor responders. Gal-9 expression positively correlates with disease activity in RA patients.Conclusion: Gal-9 can be regarded as a new biomarker for evaluating RA activity and efficacy of TAC.
Low dose of liraglutide combined with metformin leads to a significant weight loss in Chinese Han women with Polycystic ovary syndrome: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Chunyan , Liu Yi , Long Xuefeng , Zhang Ling , Liu Hengwei , Xiong Wenqian , Li Wenjin , He Haiteng , Fu Tian , Li Xiaoou
Published: April 2020

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder with complex pathophysiological mechanism. It is reported that even a modest weight loss of 5-10% substantially may improve the reproductive and metabolic profile. This study aims to assess the efficacy of the low dose of liraglutide (0.6mg QD) combined with metformin (0.85g BID) in weight loss in Chinese Han women with Polycystic ovary syndrome.Methods We included clinical data of 102 obese/overweight (≥18 years, body mass index ≥28 kg/m2 or ≥24 kg/m2) women who were diagnosed with PCOS from October 2016 to March 2018 in Wuhan Union Hospital initially. They were treated with Diane-35, low dose of liraglutide (0.6mg QD) and metformin (0.85g BID) for 12 weeks. The demographic and clinical data were retrieved retrospectively, and weight loss was the main outcome measure. Student’s paired t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the differences before and after therapy, p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Participants (n=102) had lost a mean of 7.20 (3.42) kg of body weight (95%CI: 6.55-7.86, p<0.001), and the mean reduction of BMI was 2.87 (1.36) kg/m2 (95%CI: 0.02-0.27, p<0.001). A total of 88.24% of participants lost more than 5% of their body weight.Conclusion The combination of low dose of liraglutide and metformin was associated with significant reduction of body weight in Chinese Han women with PCOS. However, a larger randomized double-blind multicenter controlled clinical trial is needed to confirm it.Trial registration The study was registered on http://www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1900024384.
Piece of the Puzzle: Remdesivir disassemble the multimeric SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Non-Structural Proteins (RdRp-NSPs) complex
Authors: Olotu Fisayo A. , Omolabi Kehinde F. , Soliman Mahmoud E. S
Published: April 2020

The recently emerged SARS-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has continued to spread rapidly among humans with alarming upsurges in global mortality rates. A major key to tackling this virus is to disrupt its RNA replication process as previously reported for Remdesivir (Rem-P3). For the first time, we modeled the binding of Rem-P3 to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp-NSPs complex, a multimeric assembly that drives viral RNA replication in human hosts. Findings revealed that while ATP-binding stabilized the replicative tripartite, Rem-P3 disintegrated the RdRp-NSP complex, starting with the detachment of the NSP7-NSP8 heterodimer followed by minimal displacement of the second NSP8 subunit (NSP8II). More so, Rem-P3 interacted with a relatively higher affinity (ΔGbind) while inducing high perturbations across the RdRp-NSP domains. D452, T556, V557, S682, and D760 were identified for their crucial roles in stacking the cyano-adenosine and 3,4-dihydroxyoxolan rings of Rem-P3 while its flexible P3 tail extended towards the palm domain blocking D618 and K798; a residue-pair identified for essential roles in RNA replication. However, ATP folded away from D618 indicative of a more coordinated binding favorable for nucleotide polymerization. We believe findings from this study will significantly contribute to the structure-based design of novel disruptors of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA replicative machinery.
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with elevated NKT cell response in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kim Dong-Min , Seo Jun-Won , Kim Yuri , Park Uni , Ha Na-Young , Park Hyoree , Yun Na Ra , Kim Da Young , Yoon Sung Ho , Na Yong Sub , Moon Do Sik , Lim Sung-Chul , Kim Choon-Mee , Jeon Kyeongseok , Kang Jun-Gu , Kim Yeon-Sook , Cho Nam-Hyuk
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)1 and often results in fatal pneumonia.2,3 Despite the worldwide effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, the underlying mechanisms of the fatal viral pneumonia remain elusive. Here, we investigated respiratory specimens, including broncholoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) and bloods collected from three confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of disease severity. Surprisingly, over 35% of cells from BALFs obtained from two pneumonic patients was comprised of eosinophils, while 20% was comprised of lymphocytes. Cytological analysis of sputa and tracheal aspirates from all three patients also revealed that more than 90% of total cells were eosinophils. Infiltration of CD16+/CD24+ polymorphonuclear cells into lungs, together with elevated NKT cells in BALFs and peripheral blood samples, in patients with severe pneumonia was confirmed by flow cytometry. Moreover, rapid and profound IgE responses against the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 was only detected in plasma from a patient suffering from more severe and prolonged pneumonia. A significant reduction in oxygen demand with improved chest imaging was observed in two severe COVID-19 patients after treatment with a steroid, methylprednisolone. The present study provides evidence that acute eosinophilic pneumonia4 is associated with COVID-19.
Admission biochemical test associated with the prognosis of COVID-19: a multi-centered retrospective cohort study
Authors: Long Qi , Zhou Chen-liang , Wang Ye-ming , Song Bin , Cheng Xiao-bin , Dong Qiu-fen , Wang Liu-lin , Li Gang
Published: April 2020

Objectives: Since December 2019, a outbreak of Corona Virus Disease-2019(COVID-19) started in Wuhan, China. Now we comprehended much more about the troublesome disease from studies than the beginning. But more details between admission laboratory test and prognosis of COVID-19 were still confusing. So we focused on the admission biochemical test, and tried to verify their influence to the prognosis of COVID-19.Method: 522 patients from 4 hospitals were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. We collected demographic information, comorbidities and laboratory biochemical indicators, then compared them between survivors’ and nonsurvivors’ group. Logistic regression methods were used to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Linear regression and receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC-curve) was applied to assess the efficiency of risk factors and regression model.Results:Age of nonsurvivors’ group(68.9) was older than survivors group(50.0). Diabetes(68.7%) was the most common comorbidity in the nonsurvivors’ group. In univariate regression analysis, most biochemical tests were related to the mortality except lipid metabolic results. Age, fasting blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were with a p-value less than 0.001 in multivariate regression model.Conclusion:Age, BUN and fasting blood glucose were risk factors associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 related pneumonia.Authors Qi Long, Chen-liang Zhou, Ye-ming Wang, Bin Song, Xiao-bin Cheng, Qiu-fen Dong, and Liu-lin Wang contributed equally to this work.
A PROTEÇÃO DO ESTADO AOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS
Authors: GONÇALVES Adriana Cristina de Paula , FREIRIA Rafael Costa
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho está inserido no ramo do direito ambiental e tem o escopo de analisar o dever do Estado em proteger os Recursos Hídricos, que são essenciais para a existência da vida humana na Terra, além de também ser fundamental a várias atividades econômicas, e diante da atual situação de escassez que vivemos nos últimos tempos torna-se importante um estudo sobre as responsabilidades que são destinadas aos órgãos públicos responsáveis pela gestão desses recursos e o que tem sido efetivamente feito para mudança dessa situação, e chegou-se a conclusão que o Estado deve acrescentar investimentos no setor de recursos hídricos e gerencia-los de forma a preparar-se com antecedência para o aumento da demanda de consumo de água e para os eventuais eventos hidrológicos críticos
A Defensoria Pública como instrumento garantidor do acesso à Justiça
Authors: SECO Adriene Andrade
Published: April 2020

Com advento do Estado Democrático de Direito no Brasil o acesso à Justiça se revela como um tema de grande relevância no meio jurídico, uma vez que garante a tutela de uma gama de outros direitos fundamentais seja através da via judicial ou extrajudicial. Num país repleto de contrastes e de desigualdades sociais presentes em suas diversas e extensas regiões é indispensável uma instituição a nível nacional que assegure a população seus direitos fundamentais em todas as esferas. Assim sendo, por mandamento constitucional a Defensoria Pública é responsável pela tarefa de defender as pessoas economicamente carentes e zelar pelos direitos coletivos e fundamentais de toda a comunidade, orientando e educando para o Direito. Por tais motivos, foi eleito o tema para pesquisa, em virtude de sua dimensão e necessidade dentro e fora do âmbito acadêmico. Por conseguinte, o objetivo do estudo é analisar o progresso de tal instituição desde sua institucionalização, assim como as bases em que essa se ampara e os princípios que norteiam, na expetativa da construção de uma sociedade, mais justa, humana e fraterna.
O FIM DA RESSOCIALIZAÇÃO PELA PRISÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DA FUNÇÃO ESPECIAL POSITIVA DA PENA SOB A ÓTICA DA CRIMINOLOGIA CRÍTICA
Authors: JUZO Ana Carolina , BARROS Antônio Mílton de
Published: April 2020

O trabalho visa apontar a “função invertida” da pena sob as bases da criminologia crítica, já que ela (pena) não combate, mas constrói o desviante, fato de maior importância à explicação à falaciosa função de ressocializar. Portanto, se para o seu fim delimitado se mostra um fracasso, já que não consegue combater a criminalidade e nem colocar fim à reincidência, do ponto de vista não declarado, a prisão continua sendo um sucesso e estabilizadora dos índices de criminalização da pobreza. O que fortalece sua meta contrária à estabelecida, e assim o faz de forma determinada e proposital. Por esta razão, é mais que necessário para a construção de uma sociedade democrática e igualitária o rompimento e a libertação de um discurso punitivista com o argumento da ressocialização, para que assim se possa enxergar e atingir uma política criminal mais justa.
APAC: SOLUÇÃO PARA A VIOLAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS NO SISTEMA PRISIONAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: JORGE João Paulo Moherdaui
Published: April 2020

O Sistema Penitenciário Brasileiro encontra-se em estado precário na atualidade. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo visa analisar as características do mesmo, tendo em vista, o abandono por parte das autoridades responsáveis. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento, foi analisada os direitos humanos em si, um levantamento histórico de onde nasceram e sua importância. Após, foi analisado, origem, evolução da pena, e seus tipos, para em outro momento discutir o surgimento do sistema penitenciário em si, suas principais escolas onde obtiveram sucesso com o detento. Depois dessa discussão, demostro quais são os principais problemas que o sistema penitenciário brasileiro se encontra, suas causas e consequências. Enfim, no ultimo capitulo da pesquisa, aponto a APAC como possível solução para a problemática apresentada, demostrando com números e gráficos seu sucesso em ressocializar o preso e o devolver para a sociedade.
FEMINICÍDIO E A LEI 13.104/2015: A NECESSIDADE DA LEI DO FEMINICÍDIO À PROMOÇÃO DA IGUALDADE MATERIAL DAS MULHERES.
Authors: MOSCARDINI Maria Laura Bolonha
Published: April 2020

O objetivo geral do artigo, que apresenta os resultados de pesquisa de iniciação científica, é investigar a necessidade da Lei 13.104 de 9 de março de 2015 no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro para a luta pela erradicação da violência e discriminação contra a mulher, seus possíveis efeitos e maneiras capazes de auxiliar na aplicação da lei e otimizar seus resultados. É realizada uma análise sobre a questão da violência contra a mulher no Brasil, em especial a questão do homicídio de mulheres em razão da condição de sexo feminino, e busca-se demonstrar de que forma a Lei do Feminicídio, quando atrelada às demais ações afirmativas, pode gerar um efeito positivo na luta pelos direitos das mulheres. Para tanto, buscaram-se dados concretos sobre a violência e o homicídio de mulheres, bem como sobre as políticas públicas existentes e a Lei do Feminicídio. Em suma, foi possível concluir a partir da análise realizada, que a lei em questão não é apenas necessária para a erradicação da violência e discriminação contra a mulher, mas sua existência é parte fundamental nesta luta, desde que seja bem aplicada e esteja acompanhada de outros mecanismos, como medidas sociais, educativas e um maior preparo do setor judiciário para lidar com os crimes em questão, de forma a proporcionar da maneira mais eficiente possível, mais segurança, qualidade de vida e dignidade à mulher brasileira.
A EXTINÇÃO DA PUNIBILIDADE PELO PAGAMENTO DO TRIBUTO E A CRIMINOLOGIA CRÍTICA COMO FUNDAMENTOS PARA A ELABORAÇÃO DE UM NOVO PLANO DE ATUAÇÃO POLÍTICO-CRIMINAL
Authors: ASSUNÇÃO Camila Menah de , GARCIA Silvio Marques
Published: April 2020

O crime de supressão ou redução de tributo (sonegação fiscal) foi premiado, por meio do advento da Lei nº 10.684 de 2003, com o instituto da extinção da punibilidade caso o tributo devido for pago ou, para alguns entendimentos, simplesmente parcelado pelo infrator, mesmo após o recebimento da denúncia. Tal situação, se comparada com a figura do “arrependimento posterior” prevista no Código Penal e aplicada para os crimes comuns, evidenciará uma discrepância de tratamento penal entre duas classes antagônicas: os autores dos crimes do colarinho branco (classes sociais mais elevadas) e os delinquentes, marginais e estigmatizados (classes inferiores e responsáveis pela prática dos delitos previstos na nossa legislação penal). Essas últimas, caso realizem a reparação do dano ou a restituição da coisa, até o recebimento da denúncia e de forma voluntária, terão como recompensa simples e unicamente a redução da pena cominada. Percebem-se facilmente tratamentos diferentes e desproporcionais (muitas vezes os crimes financeiros são mais graves do que os crimes comuns) para situações idênticas. A criminologia crítica, acompanhada pela teoria do "Labeling Approach", foram as principais responsáveis por demonstrar tal divergência através de situações como o “etiquetamento”, a reação social e a delinquência secundária. Situações essas, até pouco tempo atrás, inexistentes no universo dos "white collar crimes". Com o advento da Operação Lava Jato, no entanto, crimes cometidos por pessoas de elevados status sociais passaram a ter respaldo do sistema punitivo. Todavia, de extrema ingenuidade seria acreditar que classes sociais opostas futuramente terão respaldos idênticos. O objetivo proposto nessa pesquisa, longe de ser igualar ambos os tratamentos, passando a estigmatizar também os ricos ou beneficiar os pobres com as regalias do sistema penal, é deslegitimar esse sistema contemporâneo, nitidamente falho, e fomentar reflexões e discussões visando à elaboração de um novo plano de atuação político-criminal.
GLOBALIZAÇÃO E AS IMPLICAÇÕES DA ÉTICA NA ATIVIDADE EMPRESARIAL
Authors: BRASILEIRO Breno Oliveira Zatiti
Published: April 2020

O intuito final do presente trabalho é averiguar algumas das implicações que o processo de globalização  que interferem na sociedade organizacional, devido ao grande avanço tecnológico, que não só afeta as comunidades de pessoas, mas também os institutos jurídicos. A questão resumiu-se em saber: como o direito  é capaz de se adequar às mudanças de mercado, sociais e regionais, perante uma ótica da ética. A presente obra propõe-se a apresentar à resposta do direito frente às necessidades das organizações, bem como o comportamento das empresas frente à internacionalização. Faz-se uma análise sobre o surgimento do fenômeno denominado globalização, nas relações econômicas, comerciais e sociais, ajustando a sua interferência frente à função social da empresa atrelado à conceituação do "direito reflexivo". Em suma, uma visão bem otimista do ordenamento jurídico, bem como a iniciativa empresarial, por meio de seus códigos de ética, e sua constante atualização e modificação de normas e outros regramentos, possibilitando um melhor ajuste da coletividade, porém também carrega consequências de ordem social. As regras que surgem com o advento dos processos de evolução são necessárias para o poder legitimador impor e elucidar as problemáticas que antes não haviam sido definidas, ao até mesmo que não poderiam ser apenas tratadas pelas relações pessoais. Contudo, ao se analisar essas questões, com foco na atividade empresarial, é evidente que os atos praticados pelos grandes personagens da globalização sempre trazem algum efeito, seja comercial, jurídico, ou simplesmente social. Todavia, com as constantes variações, o direito comprova ser flexível, e com o processo de globalização, oportuniza a proximidade das redes de conexão entre países, tornando o mundo um só.
A DESTITUIÇÃO DO PODER FAMILIAR NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO: abandono afetivo frente aos direitos da criança.
Authors: SOUSA Cíntia Barbosa Paiva Menezes
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho, inserido no ramo do Direito Civil, tem o escopo de analisar a possibilidade de destituição do poder familiar nos casos de abandono afetivo, visando proteger o menor que não pode, por motivos alheios à sua vontade, gozar da essencial proteção para a dignidade humana.  Além do carinho, amor e atenção serem fundamentais ao ser humano, torna-se importante um estudo sobre as responsabilidades que são destinadas aos genitores sobre o que tem sido feito no âmbito jurídico para efetivar essa proteção. A metodologia usada na pesquisa foi a bibliográfica sendo analisadas e comparadas doutrinas, jurisprudência e legislação existente, com base na importância das relações familiares e direitos de cada cidadão. Foi possível chegar à conclusão de que cada caso concreto deve ser analisado com muita cautela, permitindo a destituição do poder familiar como última alternativa, após todas as outras não terem sido satisfatórias, levando em consideração o bem-estar e o desenvolvimento do menor.
TÉCNICA, DIREITO E PÓS-MODERNIDADE: ABORDAGEM SOB A PERSPECTIVA DE JACQUES ELLUL
Authors: FERREIRA Donato Gabriel Costa
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo tem por objeto a investigação o direito, enquanto forma de manifestação da técnica, esta sob a perspectiva de Jacques Ellul, e sua relação com a crise do direito na sociedade brasileira pós-moderna. A técnica, na visão de Ellul, é o fenômeno de maior relevância no mundo contemporâneo, tendo o referido autor dedicado algumas obras para o estudo do fenômeno técnico, dentre as quais se ressalta o título Técnica e o Desafio do Século (La technique ou l'enjeu du siècle, 1954). Sendo o direito uma manifestação do fenômeno técnico, ou seja, a técnica jurídica, a investigação de seu contexto histórico e de sua situação torna-se ferramenta de grande utilidade para o deslinde da questão do direito, sua representação e nuances na sociedade pós-moderna, esta entendida como aquela existente após a metade do século XX
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO ESTADO EM CASO DE OMISSÃO DE SEUS AGENTES PÚBLICOS. UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A PERSPECTIVA DA RESPONSABILIDADE OBJETIVA E SUBJETIVA
Authors: FELISBERTTI Lucas Fernandes
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho busca analisar, observando à legislação, a doutrina e a jurisprudência, a responsabilização do Estado em relação à segurança pública, nas hipóteses em que seus agentes ocasionarem danos a terceiros. A Constituição Federal de 88, no parágrafo sexto, artigo 37 alude sobre a responsabilidade objetiva do ente Estatal, porém não aborda de uma forma cristalina se ocorre uma interpretação extensiva quando há uma conduta omissiva do agente público. Para suprir tal lacuna surgiram duas teorias, a primeira conhecida como teoria do risco, e a segunda como teoria da culpa, sendo que para a sua procedência faz-se necessário a demonstração de dolo ou culpa do Estado. Assim, no desenvolver da pesquisa ocorreu à análise das duas teorias, assimilhando-as ao caso concreto, ou seja, estudando as jurisprudências sobre o caso. Com o desenrolar do estudo nota-se que a posição majoritária no Brasil leva em consideração a Responsabilidade Subjetiva do Estado nos casos de omissão, ou seja, a “culpa do serviço” impondo-se que a demonstração do dano resulte diretamente da inação dos agentes da administração e do mau funcionamento de um serviço público, não imputando à vítima do infortúnio comprovar a culpa nas modalidades imprudência, negligência ou imperícia.
Borderland City: Kharkiv
Authors: Kravchenko Volodymyr , Olynyk (trans.) Marta
Published: April 2020

The article attempts to identify Kharkiv’s place on the mental map of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and traces the changing image of the city in Ukrainian and Russian narratives up to the end of the twentieth century. The author explores the role of Kharkiv in the symbolic reconfiguration of the Ukrainian-Russian borderland and describes how the interplay of imperial, national, and local contexts left an imprint on the city’s symbolic space.
Review of David Mitchelhill-Green. Fighting in Ukraine: A Photographer at War; Rare Photographs from Wartime Archives.
Authors: Stephaniuk Jeffrey D.
Published: April 2020

Book review of David Mitchelhill-Green. Fighting in Ukraine: A Photographer at War; Rare Photographs from Wartime Archives. Pen & Sword Military, 2016. Images of War. 176 pp. Illustrations. Maps. Appendix. Bibliography. £14.99, paper.
Review of Rhonda L. Hinther. Perogies and Politics: Canada’s Ukrainian Left, 1891-1991.
Authors: Kochan Jeff
Published: April 2020

Review of Rhonda L. Hinther. Perogies and Politics: Canada’s Ukrainian Left, 1891-1991. U of Toronto P, 2018. Studies in Gender and History, general editors, Franca Iacovetta and Karen Dubinsky. xii, 300 pp. Illustrations. Appendix. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $33.50, cloth.
A STUDY ON AN EFFECT OF THE GREEN TEA EXTRACT ON QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF ANIMAL FATS DURING STORAGE
Authors: Lehukov Konstantin A. , Tsikin Sergei S.
Published: April 2020

An analysis of an effect of the green tea extract on quality and shelf life of animal fats is presented. It is shown that the rate and depth of fat hydrolysis depend on a storage temperature. The higher the storage temperature, the higher the rate of fat hydrolysis and, consequently, the acid value. During storage for more than 3 days at any temperature, fats (except mutton fat) begin to change their properties. Mutton fat shows the first signs of spoilage (an increase in the acid value of more than 2.2 mg КОН, MAC ND) after 10 days of storage. An insignificant variation in the peroxide value of all tested fats during 10 days of storage, which was within the range of MAC, was established. After 10 days of storage, the rate of formation of peroxides and hydroperoxides rose sharply, which was confirmed by the peroxide value of these fats. Addition of antioxidants of the green tea extract in an amount of 10 g per 100 kg fat ensured appropriate storage of all fat types upon storage conditions that corresponded to the normative and technical documentation.
Discontinuous Galerkin well-balanced schemes using augmented Riemann solvers with application to the shallow water equations
Authors: Navas-Montilla A. , Solán-Fustero P. , Murillo J. , García-Navarro P.
Published: April 2020

High order methods are becoming increasingly popular in shallow water flow modeling motivated by their high computational efficiency (i.e. the ratio between accuracy and computational cost). In particular, Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes are very well suited for the resolution of the shallow water equations (SWE) and related models, being a competitive alternative to the traditional finite volume schemes. In this work, a novel framework for the construction of DG schemes using augmented Riemann solvers is proposed. Such solvers incorporate the source term at cell interfaces in the definition of the Riemann problem, allowing definition of two different inner states in the so-called star region. The benefits of this family of solvers lie in the exact preservation of the Rankine–Hugoniot condition at cell interfaces at the discrete level, ensuring the preservation of equilibrium solutions (i.e. the well-balanced property) without requiring extra corrections of the numerical fluxes. The semi-discrete DG operator becomes nil automatically under equilibrium conditions, provided the use of suitable quadrature rules. The proposed scheme is applied to the Burgers' equation with geometric source term and to the SWE. The numerical results evidence that the proposed scheme achieves the prescribed convergence rates and preserves the equilibrium states of relevance with machine precision.
Watershed models for assessment of hydrological behavior of the catchments: a comparative study
Authors: Gull Sarvat , Shah Shagoofta Rasool
Published: April 2020

Hydrological parameters like overland flow, soil loss and nutrient losses can be studied by using different watershed models. However, all these models vary significantly in their analysis of parameters, input and output flexibility, scale accountability, processing ability, computational efficiency and capability of modeling the changes in catchments. This paper reviews different watershed models used for analyzing overland flow, soil loss and sediment yield with their shortcomings and strengths. These watershed models are described briefly along with their capabilities and shortcomings with their examples of applications, results and comparisons. An outcome of these discussions is presented in tabular format as a screening tool to allow the researchers and decision makers to choose the appropriate watershed model for the specific purpose.
Multi-objective optimization for improving equity and reliability in intermittent water supply systems
Authors: Nyahora Passwell Pepukai , Babel Mukand Singh , Ferras David , Emen Andres
Published: April 2020

Intermittent water systems suffer from several drawbacks such as unfair distribution among users, low reliability and poor water quality. Given limited water and financial resources, making decisions for improving intermittent water supply (IWS) becomes a complex process. The paths to continuous supply are a priori undefined, however, the provision of efficient service is crucial. In the scientific literature, limited research addresses how to improve intermittent systems, to enhance the current service while transitioning to continuous supply. A multi-objective optimization (MOO) tool using a genetic algorithm has been developed to assist in investment decision-making. This approach uses multiple cost-effective intervention options to maximize equity and reliability while minimizing cost implications in an IWS system. The costs in such interventions include expenditure on pipe replacement, booster pump and elevated tank installation. The approach was first tested on a benchmark Hanoi synthetic network, and then applied to the water distribution network of Milagro (Ecuador). The developed tool reveals the extent to which equity and reliability can be driving objectives, and how they can be factored into decision-making. The application of the MOO tool in intermittent systems in order to improve existing distribution networks with strategic infrastructure addition can provide greater equity and reliability.
Organización industrial a través de redes de subcontratación. Una alternativa a las actividades mexicanas de maquila
Authors: Mungaray Lagarda Alejandro
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se discuten aspectos básicos de la organización institucional de la economía, partiendo de una visión sistémica de la empresa. Se expone el moderno sistema de organización industrial flexible y se relaciona con la implementación de redes de pequeñas empresas que manejan escalas óptimas reducidas, resaltando, además, la importancia del aprendizaje industrial. De lo anterior, se desprende el planteamiento de la formación de redes de subcontratación como una alternativa de organización para la industria maquiladora mexicana, en especial, la ubicada en el norte del país
Organización y promoción de las actividades artísticas en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua )1945-1990)
Authors: Fuentes Flores César , Montenegro Herrera Jesús
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se analiza la manera en que se ha organizado la promoción, el consumo, así como el nivel de institucionalización de las actividades artísticas en Ciudad Juárez durante el periodo 1945-1990. Asimismo, se reconstruye cómo y cuáles agentes sociales participaban en la promoción de las actividades artísticas y culturales, cuál era el esquema de promoción que seguían dichos grupos en cuanto al tipo de especialidades artísticas que organizaban, así como cuáles fueron los espacios físicos utilizados para el desarrollo de este tipo de actividades. En general la información utilizada es hemerográfica, del mismo modo se realizaron entrevistas con informantes claves
La conquista espiritual de las Californias. Un ensayo de sus principales paradigmas
Authors: Echenique March Felipe I.
Published: April 2020

En contra de lo que suele suponerse y después de una extensa investigación y reflexión, el autor analiza en este artículo cómo la llamada "conquista espiritual" de la California no fue armoniosa y del todo bien intencionada. Algunas comunidades indígenas de la península, así como en otros lugares de América, quisieron liberarse de los impostores y se rebelaron utilizando la fuerza- Ante esto la respuesta fue un contraataque cuya finalidad era someterlos nuevamente a las normas introducidas desde el viejo mundo. En algunos casos, como en la porción meridional, los métodos para controlarlos tuvieron como resultado el aniquilamiento de pueblos enteros
Evaluation of a Mobile Phone App for Patients With Pollen-Related Allergic Rhinitis: Prospective Longitudinal Field Study
Authors: Glattacker Manuela , Boeker Martin , Anger Robin , Reichenbach Frank , Tassoni Adrian , Bredenkamp Rainer , Giesler Juergen M
Published: April 2020

Background

Mobile health apps have great potential to support the self-management of chronic conditions such as allergic diseases, which constitute significant challenges in health care. However, the health app market is confusing for users, as it is vast, dynamic, and lacks scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of the apps on offer. To our knowledge, no health app for pollen-related allergic rhinitis has been evaluated.

Objective

The aim of our study was to evaluate the Husteblume mobile phone health app, developed in Germany to facilitate the self-management of pollen-related allergic rhinitis.

Methods

We evaluated usability and changes in quality of life, health literacy, and self-efficacy for managing one’s chronic disease. We conducted 2 online surveys of registered users of the app, 1 before and 1 after the 2017 pollen season, allowing for the analysis of both cross-sectional and longitudinal data in a field setting.

Results

The sample comprised 661 app users at the first measurement point and 143 users at follow-up. The subgroup of study participants at follow-up rated the usability of the app as good or very good. There were no significant changes in patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life, health literacy, and self-efficacy between the 2 measurement points (P>.05). However, those reached at follow-up perceived subjective improvements due to the app: 55.9% (80/143) reported being subjectively better informed about their allergy, 27.3% (39/143) noted improved quality of life, 33.6% (48/143) reported subjectively better coping with their allergy, and 28.0% (40/143) felt better prepared for the consultation with their physician. Finally, 90.9% (130/143) users did not identify any adverse effects of the app.

Conclusions

Despite some methodological caveats, the results of the evaluation of the Husteblume app are encouraging for the subgroup using the app in the long term. However, further studies evaluating the effectiveness of the app are needed.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00011897; https://tinyurl.com/yxxrg9av
Clinician Perspectives on the Design and Application of Wearable Cardiac Technologies for Older Adults: Qualitative Study
Authors: Ferguson Caleb , Inglis Sally C , Breen Paul P , Gargiulo Gaetano D , Byiers Victoria , Macdonald Peter S , Hickman Louise D
Published: April 2020

Background

New wearable devices (for example, AliveCor or Zio patch) offer promise in detecting arrhythmia and monitoring cardiac health status, among other clinically useful parameters in older adults. However, the clinical utility and usability from the perspectives of clinicians is largely unexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to explore clinician perspectives on the use of wearable cardiac monitoring technology for older adults.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using semistructured focus group interviews. Clinicians were recruited through purposive sampling of physicians, nurses, and allied health staff working in 3 tertiary-level hospitals. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify themes.

Results

Clinicians representing physicians, nurses, and allied health staff working in 3 tertiary-level hospitals completed 4 focus group interviews between May 2019 and July 2019. There were 50 participants (28 men and 22 women), including cardiologists, geriatricians, nurses, and allied health staff. The focus groups generated the following 3 overarching, interrelated themes: (1) the current state of play, understanding the perceived challenges of patient cardiac monitoring in hospitals, (2) priorities in cardiac monitoring, what parameters new technologies should measure, and (3) cardiac monitoring of the future, “the ideal device.”

Conclusions

There remain pitfalls related to the design of wearable cardiac technology for older adults that present clinical challenges. These pitfalls and challenges likely negatively impact the uptake of wearable cardiac monitoring in routine clinical care. Partnering with clinicians and patients in the co-design of new wearable cardiac monitoring technologies is critical to optimize the use of these devices and their uptake in clinical care.
“ Effectiveness of Jigsaw Learning Method Among Medical Students” (Preprint)
Authors: Malavar Jayalakshmi
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Jig saw technique is a form of cooperative learning strategy which is used in education. It allows students to actively participate in learning process. It divides a class room into groups and breaks assignments into pieces and later lets the group complete the puzzle with a group leader in charge of the activity. Jigsaw is for enhancement of teaching and learning to improve current scenario.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the effectiveness of Jigsaw method, determine the outcome of Jigsaw and traditional didactic lecture.

METHODS

100 students of 3rd phase MBBS were attended the didactic lecture, out of which 30 was included as study participants. IEA was taken and informed consent was taken from participants. Pre-test of 5 open ended questions was given to participants. Questions were based on the topic covered in didactic class. 20 minutes was given to answer. Next sensitization of participants to Jig saw technique was done. 30 students were divided into 5 Jigsaw groups with one group leader. Each group was assigned specific topic covered in didactic class.30 minutes was given to groups to study. Evaluation of participants was done. At the end of programme, the same questionnaire was given to participants as post-test and scoring was given. Data was analysed by using test of significance Chi-Square

RESULTS

Post test score was high in comparison with pretest. The p-value was found to be statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Jigsaw method improves students learning.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-
Memaknai Realitas Kemiskinan Kultural di Pedesaan: Sebuah Pendekatan Partisipatoris
Authors: Hudayana Istato , Nurhadi Nurhadi
Published: April 2020

This article aims to reveal how the members of the poor family perceive wellbeing and poverty. This article is based on the theory of cultural poverty which sees the existence of a set of cultures that cause poor people difficult to escape from poverty. The research method used is qualitative inductive (exploratory) through phenomenology approach and data analysis uses descriptive analysis. The important finding of the study is that the poor perceived wellbeing as multiple and gradual i.e. (i) have healthy physical, (ii) a harmonic relation with others in communities and (iii) have enough money to meet the basic needs, especially, food. There is a dualistic view of poverty, between they accept as in the philosophy of "nrimo ing pandum" and they reject the conditions of their poverty although they do not know the way out.
Automated and Scalable: Account-Based B2B Marketing for Startup Companies
Authors: Gene Day Daniel , Wei Shi Savannah
Published: April 2020

Advances in digital marketing strategy have opened the floodgates for forward-thinking marketers to rewrite how modern business-to-business marketing is done from a strategic and tactical aspect. This paper discusses a fundamental shift that has been pervading the business-to-business marketing space, i.e., the adoption of Account-Based Marketing (ABM). ABM bridges the gap between marketing to an individual and marketing to the broader organization in an automated and scalable fashion. Specifically, we aim to provide a practical guide regarding some best ABM practices for startup companies. Startup companies typically look to drive rapid growth in both revenue and number of customers; however, go-to-market resources are often limited. For these companies, automating and scaling an ABM becomes an essential part of their growth. We discuss three data sources valuable for ABM program for startups, and the development of a robust account intelligence program and customized go-to-market campaign. The practice introduced in this paper can serve as a starting point for startup companies that plan to drive rapid revenue growth through a focused account-based strategy.
The Effects of Collaborative Block Creation on the Sense of Rolefulness
Authors: Kato Daiki , Suzuki Mikie
Published: April 2020

This study investigated the effects of collaborative LEGO® block creation on the sense of rolefulness; that is, the continuous sense of role satisfaction in an individual’s daily life. For this purpose, 59 Japanese female university students were divided into groups of three or four members and asked to collaboratively express themselves by using LEGO® blocks, figures, and base plates. Then, their scores on the rolefulness scale were compared before and after the collaborative block activity. The results showed that both social and internal rolefulness significantly increased through the activity. The implication of the findings is that collaborative block creation can facilitate the role-taking of participants and improve their sense of rolefulness.
Bureaucratic Disruption and Threats of Unemployment in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era
Authors: Ristiandy Risky
Published: April 2020

This article aims to analyze logical argument from the disruptive of information technology in Indonesian bureaucratic management. Technological advanced produces Artificial Intelligence (AI) which is an opportunity for the Government modernizes the bureaucracy. At same point, Disruption feared will make many Apparatus (ASN) lose their jobs. This article used literature study method by analyzing various articles in journals that discuss artificial intelligence, and the internet of things which are the subject of research. While, the literature about bureaucracy and public institutions which will be the research objectives. The result shows that the implementation AI has the potential of losing many bureaucratic positions and could impact on social upheaval if not managed effectively. In the future, many apparatus (ASNs) will be unemployed because public services have been replaced by artificial intelligence. Therefore, this is clearly a dilemma and challenge for government in the future to be modern governments with technological advanced. However, it still humanizes for public services and servants.