bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of Nitro‐Substituted 3,1‐Benzoxazines.
Authors: Andriyanova O. A. , Skladchikov D. A. , Gataullin R. R.
Published: December 2013

A new method for the nitration of compounds (I), (III), (V), and (X) with sodium nitrate in concentrated sulfuric acid is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Anellated Pyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,4]diazepines in Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Stroganova Tatyana A. , Red'kin Viktor M. , Vasilin Vladimir K. , Krapivin Gennady D.
Published: December 2013

Interaction of fused pyrrolodiazepines with formaldehyde and secondary amines leads to the new Mannich bases (IV), (VI), (VIII), and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed Vinylic C—H Borylation of 1‐Cycloalkenecarboxylates with Bis(pinacolato)diboron.
Authors: Sasaki Ikuo , Doi Hana , Hashimoto Toshiya , Kikuchi Takao , Ito Hajime , Ishiyama Tatsuo
Published: December 2013

A series of cycloalkenylboronates (III) and (V) is obtained by a vinylic C—H borylation of corresponding cycloalkenylesters (I) and (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrosilation/Hydrogen‐Transfer Cascade Reaction: A New Route to Silyl Enol Ethers.
Authors: Lyons Thomas W. , Brookhart Maurice
Published: December 2013

A novel cobalt‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of silyl enol ethers from ketones is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Tuning of Electronic and Photophysical Properties of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐Benzothiaphospholes.
Authors: Worch Joshua C. , Chirdon Danielle N. , Maurer Andrew B. , Qiu Yunyan , Geib Steven J. , Bernhard Stefan , Noonan Kevin J. T.
Published: December 2013

A new method to produce the title compounds albeit in low yields is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Insecticidal Activities of cis‐Configuration Nitenpyram Analogues with Benzoyl Hydrazines.
Authors: Xu Xiao , Sun Chuan‐wen , Yang Ding‐rong , Bu Hong‐fei , Wang Jing , Xu Yong‐hua
Published: December 2013

The novel nitenpyram analogues are designed by introducing benzoyl hydrazines into nitenpyram as well as a cis‐configured tetrahydropyrimidine ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Graphene Composite Materials and Their Application
Authors: Morimoto Naoki , Yamamoto Shun‐ichi , Nishina Yuta
Published: December 2013

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions on Soil Surfaces and Similar Substances: Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Apak Resat
Published: December 2013

Review: 208 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: FTIR Spectroscopy of Adsorbed Probe Molecules for Analyzing the Surface Properties of Supported Pt (Pd) Catalysts
Authors: Belskaya Olga B. , Danilova Irina G. , Kazakov Maxim O. , Mironenko Roman M. , Lavrenov Alexander V. , Likholobov Vladimir A.
Published: December 2013

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Burke Benjamin P. , Archibald Stephen J.
Published: December 2013

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis: The Science and Engineering
Authors: Lambert J. M. Jr.
Published: December 2013

Review: 9 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids via Homologation of Ni(II) Complexes of Glycine Schiff Bases. Part 2. Aldol, Mannich Addition Reactions, Deracemization and (S) to (R) Interconversion of α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Sorochinsky Alexander E. , Acena Jose Luis , Moriwaki Hiroki , Sato Tatsunori , Soloshonok Vadim
Published: December 2013

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Greener Routes to Organics and Nanomaterials: Sustainable Applications of Nanocatalysts
Authors: Varma Rajender S.
Published: December 2013

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbene Catalysis an Internal Affair
Authors: Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: December 2013

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Degradation of High Molar Mass Hyaluronan Induced by Ascorbate Plus Cupric Ions Testing of Arbutin in the Function of Antioxidant
Authors: Valachova K. , Rapta P. , Slovakova M. , Priesolova E. , Nagy M. , Mislovicova D. , Drafi F. , Bauerova K. , Soltes L.
Published: December 2013

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Organic Compounds
Authors: Pesyan Nader Noroozi
Published: December 2013

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Efforts to Construct the B‐Ring of Bryostatins
Authors: Gao Lu , Lu Ji , Song Zhenlei
Published: December 2013

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Chloranthus Medicinal Plants
Authors: Xu Yong‐Jiang
Published: December 2013

Review: up‐to‐date overview on the chemistry and bioactivity of compounds isolated, mainly sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids, from the genus Chloranthus over the past few decades; 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Density and Viscosity Study of Solvents, Mixture of Solvents with or without Additives: A Mini Review
Authors: Shafique Mohd. , Asif Syed , Abed Syed , Pradhan Vidya , Farooqui Mazhar
Published: December 2013

Review: 59 refs.
Fault detection and classification in chemical processes using NMFSC and structural SVMs
Authors: Peng Yi , Chen Xiaogang , Ye Qixiang , Jiao Jianbin
Published: December 2013

We propose a novel fault detection and classification approach via Non‐negative Matrix Factorisation with Sparseness Constraints (NMFSC) and Structural Support Vector Machines (Structural SVMs). The NMFSC method can not only reduce data dimension, but also better describe the local feature of the process because of non‐negative and sparseness constraints. The function of Structural SVMs is to identify multiple kinds of faults using only one uniform discriminative model instead of multiple ones. Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP), a benchmark chemical engineering problem, is used to generate datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The results from the experiment show the superiority of the new method compared with the state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Kinetic Properties of Carbohydrate–Lectin Interactions: FimH Antagonists
Authors: Scharenberg Meike , Jiang Xiaohua , Pang Lijuan , Navarra Giulio , Rabbani Said , Binder Florian , Schwardt Oliver , Ernst Beat
Published: December 2013

The lectin FimH is terminally expressed on type 1 pili of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which is the main cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). FimH enables bacterial adhesion to urothelial cells, the initial step of infection. Various mannose derivatives have been shown to antagonize FimH and are therefore considered to be promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of UTIs. As part of the preclinical development process, when the kinetic properties of FimH antagonists were examined by surface plasmon resonance, extremely low dissociation rates (koff) were found, which is uncommon for carbohydrate–lectin interactions. As a consequence, the corresponding half‐lives (t1/2) of the FimH antagonist complexes are above 3.6 h. For a therapeutic application, extended t1/2 values are a prerequisite for success, since the target occupancy time directly influences the in vivo drug efficacy. The long t1/2 value of the tested FimH antagonists further confirms their drug‐like properties and their high therapeutic potential.
Impact of national guidelines on brachytherapy monotherapy practice patterns for prostate cancer
Authors: Tseng Yolanda D. , Paciorek Alan T. , Martin Neil E. , D'Amico Anthony V. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Nguyen Paul L.
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND

In 1999 and 2000, 2 national guidelines recommended brachytherapy monotherapy (BT) primarily for treatment of low‐risk prostate cancer but not high‐risk prostate cancer. This study examined rates of BT use before and after publication of these guidelines, as compared with 4 other treatment options.

METHODS

From 1990 to 2011, 8128 men with localized prostate cancer (≤ T3cN0M0) were treated definitively within the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) registry with 1 of 5 primary treatments: BT, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), EBRT with androgen deprivation therapy, EBRT+BT, or radical prostatectomy. Men were categorized into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups based on the guidelines' risk‐group definitions. Within each risk group, logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) comparing BT with other treatment options between the 1990‐1998 and 1999‐2011 periods, adjusting for age, disease characteristics, and clinic type.

RESULTS

In total, 1117 men received BT alone for low‐ (n = 658), intermediate‐ (n = 244), or high‐risk disease (n = 215). BT comprised 6.1% of all treatments in 1990‐1998 versus 16.6% in 1999‐2011 (P < .01). The odds of BT use remained increased after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 3.06; P < .001) and was seen among low‐ (OR = 4.52; P < .001), intermediate‐ (OR = 2.67; P < .001), and even high‐risk groups (OR = 2.11; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

National guidelines did not appear to influence practice patterns, as BT monotherapy use increased relative to other treatments from the 1990‐1998 to 1999‐2011 periods in unfavorable risk groups including men with high‐risk prostate cancer. Cancer 2014;120:824–832. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Targeting glucose metabolism in patients with cancer
Authors: Elf Shannon E. , Chen Jing
Published: December 2013

Nearly a century ago, Otto Warburg made the astute observation that the metabolic properties of cancer cells differ markedly from those of normal cells. Several decades passed before the concept of exploiting cancer cell metabolism came into clinical practice with the advent of chemotherapy, the underlying principle of which is to target rapidly dividing cells by interfering with critical processes that are all, on some level, driven by cell metabolism. Although chemotherapy can be quite effective, success rates are highly variable and the adverse effects associated with treatment often outweigh the benefits due to the fact that chemotherapy is indiscriminately cytotoxic against all rapidly dividing cells, cancerous or healthy. During the past several years, a more intricate understanding of cancer cell metabolism has permitted the development of targeted therapies that aim to specifically target cancer cells and spare healthy tissue by exploiting the altered metabolism of cancer cells. The identification of new metabolic targets and the subsequent development of small‐molecule inhibitors of metabolic enzymes have demonstrated the utility and promise of targeting cancer cell metabolism as an anticancer strategy. This review summarizes recent advances in the identification and characterization of several metabolic enzymes as emerging anticancer targets. Cancer 2014;120:774–780. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
MYB immunostaining is a useful ancillary test for distinguishing adenoid cystic carcinoma from pleomorphic adenoma in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimens
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , Sadow Peter M. , Ushiku Aya , Bordignon Patrizia , McKee Thomas A. , Faquin William C.
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND

The distinction between adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA) on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) can be challenging. Recently, a specific translocation t(6;9) involving the v‐myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) and nuclear factor I/B (NFIB) genes was identified in ACCs, in which it contributes to MYB overexpression. The authors investigated the use of MYB immunocytochemistry in FNAB specimens as an ancillary test for the cytologic diagnosis of ACC.

METHODS

The expression of MYB was assessed in alcohol‐fixed cytologic smears of histologically confirmed ACCs (n = 20) and PAs (n = 20) using immunocytochemistry. The corresponding ACCs and PAs from formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded surgical resection specimens also were stained immunohistochemically for MYB. The nuclear expression of MYB was assessed semiquantitatively using a scoring system (from 0 to 6) that combined the proportion and the intensity of staining. A score ≥4 was considered positive, and a score ≤3 was considered negative.

RESULTS

On FNAB material, 80% of ACCs (N = 16 of 20) were immunocytochemically positive for MYB. In contrast, all PAs (N = 20 of 20) were negative for MYB (P < .0001). The sensitivity of MYB on FNAB was 80%, and the specificity was 100% relative to PA. Results on corresponding histology were similar to the cytology results; however, there was often a zonal staining pattern with central areas of tumor (range, 20%‐90%) that lacked immunoreactivity, thus suggesting that the immunoreactivity was maintained better in alcohol‐fixed FNAB material.

CONCLUSIONS

In contrast to PAs, a majority of ACCs are immunocytochemically positive for MYB. The test is more effective using alcohol‐fixed FNAB material and is potentially useful for the cytologic distinction of ACC and PA. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:257–265. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The Lateral and Axial Localization Uncertainty in Super‐Resolution Light Microscopy
Authors: Rieger Bernd , Stallinga Sjoerd
Published: December 2013

A study of the uncertainty of localizing single‐molecule emitters for super‐resolution light microscopy is presented. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is found to be superior to least‐squares fitting for low background levels, but the performance difference between the two methods decreases to a few percent for practical background levels. It is shown that the performance limit of MLE, the Cramér–Rao lower bound, is well described by a concise analytical formula with only spot width and signal and background photon count as input parameters. These predictions for the lateral localization uncertainty are compared with the localization error obtained from repeated localizations of the same single‐molecule emitter. Agreement within a few percent is found, thus verifying the validity of the fitting model and the concise analytical approximation. The analysis is extended by novel analytical results for the dependence of the axial localization uncertainty on background level for the astigmatic, bifocal, and double‐helix methods.
High‐Temperature Elastic Moduli of Flux‐Grown α‐GeO2 Single Crystal
Authors: Lignie Adrien , Zhou Wei , Armand Pascale , Rufflé Benoit , Mayet Richard , Debray Jerôme , Hermet Patrick , Ménaert Bertrand , Thomas Philippe , Papet Philippe
Published: December 2013

From high‐precision Brillouin spectroscopy measurements, six elastic constants (C11, C33, C44, C66, C12, and C14) of a flux‐grown GeO2 single crystal with the α‐quartz‐like structure are obtained in the 298–1273 K temperature range. High‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction data is collected to determine the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters and the volume thermal expansion coefficients. The temperature dependence of the mass density, ρ, is evaluated and used to estimate the thermal dependence of its refractive indices (ordinary and extraordinary), according to the Lorentz–Lorenz equation. The extraction of the ambient piezoelectric stress contribution, e11, from the C′11–C11 difference gives, for the piezoelectric strain coefficient d11, a value of 5.7(2) pC N−1, which is more than twice that of α‐quartz. As the quartz structure of α‐GeO2 remains stable until melting, piezoelectric activity is observed until 1273 K.
On the Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Divalent Metal Ions
Authors: Pinto Leandro M. C. , Quaino Paola , Santos Elizabeth , Schmickler Wolfgang
Published: December 2013

The deposition of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution has been investigated by a combination of classical molecular dynamics, density functional theory, and a theory developed by the authors. For both cases, the reaction proceeds through two one‐electron steps. The monovalent ions can get close to the electrode surface without losing hydration energy, while the divalent ions, which have a stronger solvation sheath, cannot. The 4s orbital of Cu interacts strongly with the sp band and more weakly with the d band of the copper surface, while the Zn 4s orbital couples only to the sp band of Zn. At the equilibrium potential for the overall reaction, the energy of the intermediate Cu+ ion is only a little higher than that of the divalent ion, so that the first electron transfer can occur in an outer‐sphere mode. In contrast, the energy of the Zn+ ion lies too high for a simple outer‐sphere reaction to be favorable; in accord with experimental data this suggests that this step is affected by anions.
Assembly Dependent Fluorescence Enhancing Nucleic Acids in Sequence‐Specific Detection of Double‐Stranded DNA
Authors: Doluca Osman , Hale Tracy K. , Edwards Patrick J. B. , González Carlos , Filichev Vyacheslav V.
Published: December 2013

In this study the position of the thiazole orange derivative in triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) is varied and the fluorescence of the resulting complexes with DNA duplexes, single‐stranded DNAs and RNAs are evaluated. Under similar conditions single attachment of the TO‐dye to 2′‐O‐propargyl nucleotides in the TFOs (assembly dependent fluorescence enhancing nucleic acids, AFENA) led to probes with low fluorescent intensity in the single‐stranded state with fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of 0.9 %–1.5 %. Significant increase in fluorescence intensity was detected after formation of DNA triplexes (ΦF=23.5 %–34.9 %). Under similar conditions, Watson–Crick‐type duplexes formed by the probes with single stranded (ss) RNA and ssDNA showed lower fluorescence intensities. Bugle insertions of twisted intercalating nucleic acid (TINA) monomers were shown to improve the fluorescent characteristics of GT/GA‐containing antiparallel AFENA–TFOs. Self‐aggregation of TFOs caused by guanosines was eliminated by TINA insertion which also promoted DNA triplex formation at pH 7.2. Importantly these AFENA–TINA–TFOs can bind to the duplex in the presence of complementary RNA at 37 °C.
Noble‐Metal‐Free NiS/C3N4 for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water
Authors: Hong Jindui , Wang Yongsheng , Wang Yabo , Zhang Wei , Xu Rong
Published: December 2013

The front cover artwork for issue 12/2013 is provided by the group of Rong Xu at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. The image shows how a photocatalyst based on earth‐abundant elements only can contribute to a sustainable society. The Full Paper itself is available on page 2263 (10.1002/cssc.201300647).
Nondetection sampling bias in marked presence‐only data
Authors: Hefley Trevor J. , Tyre Andrew J. , Baasch David M. , Blankenship Erin E.
Published: December 2013

Species distribution models (SDM) are tools used to determine environmental features that influence the geographic distribution of species' abundance and have been used to analyze presence‐only records. Analysis of presence‐only records may require correction for nondetection sampling bias to yield reliable conclusions. In addition, individuals of some species of animals may be highly aggregated and standard SDMs ignore environmental features that may influence aggregation behavior.

We contend that nondetection sampling bias can be treated as missing data. Statistical theory and corrective methods are well developed for missing data, but have been ignored in the literature on SDMs. We developed a marked inhomogeneous Poisson point process model that accounted for nondetection and aggregation behavior in animals and tested our methods on simulated data.

Correcting for nondetection sampling bias requires estimates of the probability of detection which must be obtained from auxiliary data, as presence‐only data do not contain information about the detection mechanism. Weighted likelihood methods can be used to correct for nondetection if estimates of the probability of detection are available. We used an inhomogeneous Poisson point process model to model group abundance, a zero‐truncated generalized linear model to model group size, and combined these two models to describe the distribution of abundance. Our methods performed well on simulated data when nondetection was accounted for and poorly when detection was ignored.

We recommend researchers consider the effects of nondetection sampling bias when modeling species distributions using presence‐only data. If information about the detection process is available, we recommend researchers explore the effects of nondetection and, when warranted, correct the bias using our methods. We developed our methods to analyze opportunistic presence‐only records of whooping cranes (Grus americana), but expect that our methods will be useful to ecologists analyzing opportunistic presence‐only records of other species of animals.
Invariant chain as a vehicle to load antigenic peptides on human MHC class I for cytotoxic T‐cell activation
Authors: Wälchli Sébastien , Kumari Shraddha , Fallang Lars‐Egil , Sand Kine M. K. , Yang Weiwen , Landsverk Ole J. B. , Bakke Oddmund , Olweus Johanna , Gregers Tone F.
Published: December 2013

Protective T‐cell responses depend on efficient presentation of antigen (Ag) in the context of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) and class II (MHCII) molecules. Invariant chain (Ii) serves as a chaperone for MHCII molecules and mediates trafficking to the endosomal pathway. The genetic exchange of the class II‐associated Ii peptide (CLIP) with antigenic peptides has proven efficient for loading of MHCII and activation of specific CD4+ T cells. Here, we investigated if Ii could similarly activate human CD8+ T cells when used as a vehicle for cytotoxic T‐cell (CTL) epitopes. The results show that wild type Ii, and Ii in which CLIP was replaced by known CTL epitopes from the cancer targets MART‐1 or CD20, coprecipitated with HLA‐A*02:01 and mediated colocalization in the endosomal pathway. Furthermore, HLA‐A*02:01‐positive cells expressing CLIP‐replaced Ii efficiently activated Ag‐specific CD8+ T cells in a TAP‐ and proteasome‐independent manner. Finally, dendritic cells transfected with mRNA encoding IiMART‐1 or IiCD20 primed naïve CD8+ T cells. The results show that Ii carrying antigenic peptides in the CLIP region can promote efficient presentation of the epitopes to CTLs independently of the classical MHCI peptide loading machinery, facilitating novel vaccination strategies against cancer.
Mir‐155, a central modulator of T‐cell responses
Authors: Lind Evan F. , Ohashi Pamela S.
Published: December 2013

The activation of T cells is a tightly regulated process that has evolved to maximize protective immune responses to pathogens while minimizing damage to self‐tissues. A delicate balance of cell‐intrinsic, costimulatory, and transcriptional pathways as well as micro‐environmental cues such as local cytokines controls the magnitude and nature of T‐cell responses in vivo. The discovery of functional small noncoding RNAs called micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) has introduced new mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of protein translation and cellular responses to stimuli. miRNAs are short (approximately 22 bp) RNA species, which bind to mRNAs and suppress translation. Due to their short length and imperfect base pairing requirements, each miRNA has the potential to regulate various pathways through the translational inhibition of multiple mRNAs. The human and mouse genomes each encode hundreds of miRNAs, and studying the function of miRNAs has led to the realization that they play important roles in diverse biological processes from development and cancer to immunity. This review focuses on the function of mir‐155 in T cells and the impact of this miRNA on autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and pathogen‐induced immunity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dithia[3.3]metaparacyclophane‐Bridged Dimetallic Ruthenium Acetylide Complexes
Authors: Xia Jianlong , Ou Ya‐Ping , Meng Xiang‐Gao , Yin Jun , Yu Guang‐ao , Liu Sheng Hua
Published: December 2013

Four dithia[3.3]metaparacyclophane‐bridged dimetallic ruthenium acetylide complexes (1–4), in which the cyclophane units exhibit characteristic edge‐to‐face interactions between the top and bottom aromatic decks, have been designed, synthesized, and structurally characterized. X‐ray diffraction analysis of 1–3 revealed that effective edge‐to‐face interactions exist in the solid state. IR spectroelectrochemical results suggest that the dithia[3.3]metaparacyclophane bridging ligands are redox‐noninnocent. The UV/Vis/NIR spectra of 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+ display characteristic band envelopes, and the deconvoluted multiple transitions have been assigned with the aid of DFT calculations to combinations of metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer (LLCT) with appreciable contributions from transannular π–π transitions, especially for 3+ and 4+.
Cobalt(II)–Lanthanide(III) Heterometallic Metal–Organic Frameworks with Unique (6,6)‐Connected Nia Topologies with 1H‐1,2,3‐Triazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic Acid: Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Zou Ji‐Yong , Shi Wei , Xu Na , Gao Hong‐Ling , Cui Jian‐Zhong , Cheng Peng
Published: December 2013

Four isostructural cobalt(II)–lanthanide(III) heterometallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), formulated as {[(CH3)2NH2]3[Co3Ln(tda)3(HCOO)3] 2H2O 0.75dmf}n [Ln = Eu (Co‐Eu), Gd (Co‐Gd), Tb (Co‐Tb), and Dy (Co‐Dy); H3tda = 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid] have been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized in detail. In these Co‐Ln heterometallic MOFs, three neighboring CoII ions are connected by HCOO– anions to form triangular [Co3(HCO2)3]3+ clusters. The equivalent triangular [Co3(HCO2)3]3+ clusters are connected by six tda3– anions to generate a 1D trigonal prismatic chain, which are further interconnected through LnIII ions to give unique 3D (6,6)‐connected nia nets with the Schläfli symbol of (412 63) (49 66). The magnetic properties of the four isostructural Co‐Ln heterometallic MOFs have also been studied.
Helical‐Chiral Small Molecules in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Narcis Maurice J. , Takenaka Norito
Published: December 2013

The design, synthesis and study of novel catalyst structures have had an enormous impact on asymmetric synthesis and continue to be a field of intense interest. Molecules with helical structures have fascinated chemists in the field for many years because such molecules are inherently chiral. A number of small molecules with such unique topology have been prepared in an optically active form and exploited as asymmetric catalysts. The story behind the development of these molecules is usually different in each case, in part due to differences in their synthetic accessibilities. This microreview provides some examples that illustrate the different ways in which such helical‐chiral small molecules can be synthesized and used to catalyze reactions of interest, and highlights the beneficial effect of helical‐chiral catalysts.
Tandem Processes in C‐Aryl Ketenes and Ketenimines Triggered by [1,5]‐Hydride‐Like Migration of an Acetalic Hydrogen Atom
Authors: Vidal Angel , Marin‐Luna Marta , Alajarin Mateo
Published: December 2013

Heating a range of suitably substituted diazoacetoacetates produced a family of 2‐(1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl)phenyl ketenes that, under thermal conditions, smoothly underwent a [1,5]‐H shift/6π‐electrocyclic ring‐closure sequence to give 1H‐2‐benzopyrans. The application of such processes to ketenes, produced by replacing the phenyl scaffolding with a thiophene ring, afforded thienopyrans. The aza‐Wittig reaction of these 2‐(1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl)phenyl and thienyl ketenes with N‐aryliminophosphoranes provided analogous ketenimines that transform into the respective 1(2H)isoquinolinones and thienopyridinones under similar thermal conditions, following the same type of cascade sequence.
Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles through Oxidation of C–H Bonds Adjacent to Oxygen Atoms
Authors: Gu Lijun , Wang Wei , Xiong Yong , Huang Xiangzhong , Li Ganpeng
Published: December 2013

A practical and simple synthesis of benzoxazoles from easily available substrates was developed. The protocol is triggered by an iron‐catalyzed tandem oxidative process from simple ether derivatives.
Development of a disc cutter force and face monitoring system for mechanized tunnelling / Ortsbrustmonitoring und Leistungsprognose bei TBM‐Vortrieben
Authors: Entacher Martin , Galler Robert
Published: December 2013

The loading on the tools of a TBM can usually only be estimated through the global thrust force, which gives a typical force of about 250 kN for 17” discs. The actual loading is however highly variable, with peak loads that can be many times the nominal load. In the present paper the development and implementation of a method is presented, which makes it possible to measure disc forces in‐situ and in real time. It turns out that the measured forces are unevenly distributed over the area of the face and can be correlated with geological/geotechnical features in the face. Furthermore, a method is presented which makes it possible to document the face photographically. Single images or videos are combined to an overall image by means of digital image processing. The quality of the pictures obtained in this way can provide a significant improvement of the geological documentation of TBM drives.

Die Belastungen von TBM‐Abbauwerkzeugen können in der Regel nur über die globale Vorschubkraft abgeschätzt werden, woraus sich eine durchschnittliche Anpresskraft von etwa 250 kN für 17”‐Disken ergibt. Die tatsächliche Belastung ist jedoch stark ungleichmäßig mit Spitzenkräften, die ein Vielfaches der nominellen Last betragen können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Entwicklung und Implementierung einer Messmethodik vorgestellt, die es ermöglicht Diskenkräfte in situ und in Echtzeit zu messen. Es zeigt sich, dass die gemessenen Kräfte ungleich über die Ortsbrust verteilt sind und mit geologisch/geotechnischen Merkmalen der Ortsbrust korreliert werden können. Darüber hinaus wird eine Methodik präsentiert, die es ermöglicht, die Ortsbrust fotografisch zu dokumentieren. Dabei werden einzelne Bilder oder Videos mittels Methoden der digitalen Bildverarbeitung zu einem Gesamtbild zusammengesetzt. Die Qualität der Bilder ist geeignet, die geologische Dokumentation bei TBM‐Vortrieben wesentlich zu verbessern.
The logistical challenges of the long tunnel drives on contract KAT 2 / Die logistischen Herausforderungen der langen Tunnelvortriebe des Bauloses KAT 2
Authors: Köpf Manfred , Uschan Robert , Goliasch Robert
Published: December 2013

The largest construction lot of the Koralmtunnel project, which will be executed by the joint venture KAT 2 (Strabag – Jäger Bau), has been under construction for almost three years. The key tasks thus far were the edification of the twin shafts to a depth of 60 m, approximately 4.5 km tunnel by drill and blasting, the assembling and implementing of the two tunnel boring machines, as well as the installation of the above‐ and underground logistic‐infrastructure. This report describes the development of the logistics concepts, the work preparation for the maximum excavation length of up to 17 km, as well as the first experiences of their implementation.

Das größte Baulos des Koralmtunnels, ausgeführt von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft KAT 2, Strabag – Jäger Bau, ist mittlerweile zweieinhalb Jahre in der Bauausführung. Die bisherigen Schlüsselaufgaben waren die Herstellung des 60 m tiefen Bauschachtes, ca. 4, 5 km zyklische Vortriebe, die Montage und Inbetriebnahme der beiden Tunnelbohrmaschinen, sowie die Herstellung der Logistik Infrastruktur Ober‐ und Untertage. Der Bericht beschreibt die Entwicklung des Logistikkonzeptes, die Planung dessen bis zur maximalen Vortriebslänge von bis zu 17 km, sowie die ersten Erfahrungen der Umsetzung.
SBTn basic surveying for tunnelling / SBTn Grundlagenvermessung für den Tunnelvortrieb
Authors: Macheiner Klaus , Döller Herbert , Jachs Wilhelm , Kienast Gerhard , Kühtreiber Norbert , Eder Arnold , Fleckl‐Ernst Johannes
Published: December 2013

Major tunnel projects like the new Semmering Base Tunnel require intensive design work long before construction can start. Design work is based on basic surveying, which is subject to particular requirements on major projects of engineering geodesy. The most important basis is a homogeneous and stress‐free basic control network for position and height, represented by suitable stabilised points. The conception and implementation of this basic control network poses stringent requirements for the surveyor. On the one hand, great precision and reliability are required, and on the other hand design requirements have to be considered along with the numerous geodetic and geophysical considerations. The most challenging work, which has to be undertaken above ground for the later tunnelling works, is described in detail in this article

Große Tunnelbauvorhaben wie der neue Semmering Basistunnel erfordern bereits lange vor der Realisierung intensive Planungsarbeiten. Grundlage für alle Planungstätigkeiten sind Vermessungsgrundlagen, an die bei ingenieurgeodätischen Großprojekten besondere Anforderungen gestellt werden. Die wichtigste Basis ist ein homogenes und spannungsfreies Grundlagennetz in Lage und Höhe, das durch geeignet stabilisierte Punkte repräsentiert wird. Die Konzeption und Realisierung dieses Grundlagennetzes stellt hohe Anforderungen an den Vermessungsingenieur. Zum einen ist höchste Präzision und Zuverlässigkeit gefordert, zum anderen sind neben zahlreichen geodätischen und geophysikalischen Rahmenbedingungen auch Vorgaben aus der Projektierung zu berücksichtigen. Die herausfordernden Arbeiten, die bei der übertägigen Grundlagenvermessung für den späteren Tunnelvortrieb notwendig sind, werden in diesem Beitrag ausführlich dokumentiert.
The main Koralm Tunnel contracts – current state of works / Die Großbaulose des Koralmtunnels – Aktueller Stand der Arbeiten
Authors: Harer Gerhard , Schneider Klaus M.
Published: December 2013

The twin‐tube Koralm Tunnel with a length of about 32.9 km is the key structure on the new high‐speed line between Graz and Klagenfurt. The Koralm Tunnel passes through the mountain massif of the Koralpe with a maximum overburden of about 1,200 m. The two tunnel bores have a standard inner radius of 3.95 m and run at a spacing of about 40 m, connected by cross‐passages every 500 m. In the middle of the tunnel is an emergency station. Construction works on the main contracts started with the completion of investigation works at the end of 2008. The structure of the tunnel should be completed by 2019 with the start of operation being planned for 2023.

Der zweiröhrige Koralmtunnel stellt mit einer Länge von rund 32,9 km das Kernstück der neuen Eisenbahnhochleistungsstrecke zwischen Graz und Klagenfurt dar. Der Koralmtunnel durchquert das Gebirgsmassiv der Koralpe bei einer maximalen Überlagerung von etwa 1.200 m. Die beiden Tunnelröhren weisen einen Regel‐Innenradius von 3,95 m auf, verlaufen mit einem Achsabstand von rund 40 m und sind alle 500 m über Querschläge miteinander verbunden. In Tunnelmitte ist eine Nothaltestelle situiert. Die Bauarbeiten für die Hauptbaulose wurden nach Abschluss der Erkundungsarbeiten Ende 2008 aufgenommen. Der Tunnelrohbau soll bis 2019 abgeschlossen sein. Nach der bahntechnischen Ausrüstung, Inbetriebnahme und Inbetriebsetzung ist die Gesamtinbetriebnahme im Jahr 2023 vorgesehen.
Special features of tendering contract SBT2.1 – Fröschnitzgraben Tunnel / Besonderheiten der Ausschreibung des Bauloses SBT2.1 – Tunnel Fröschnitzgraben
Authors: Daller Josef , Nipitsch Gernot , Wagner Oliver K.
Published: December 2013

The first call for tenders for the three tunnelling contracts of the New Semmering Base Tunnel is one of the highest value tendering processes in the Second Austrian Republic. The enormous magnitude of the construction works and access and development of the site for the tunnelling works represent a great logistical challenge. This situation also had to be considered in the form of contract.

Die erste Ausschreibung für die drei Tunnelbaulose des Semmering‐Basistunnels neu ist eines der höchsten Vergabeverfahren der Zweiten Republik. Der enorme Bauumfang sowie die Erschließung der Baustelle und der Vortriebe stellen eine große logistische Herausforderung dar. Diesem Umstand musste auch in der Vertragsgestaltung Rechnung getragen werden.
Digital Storytelling in a Place‐Based Composition Course
Authors: Chisholm James S. , Trent Brandie
Published: December 2013

Although the study of place in the fields of composition and education has a long and compelling history, the concept has taken on increased importance in today's digital landscape. As perceptions of places shift, we're challenged to understand how and which places shape who we are. Due to its potential power to leverage student choice, personal experience, and reflections on identity and to meet the assessment demands of contemporary educational policies, we designed a 10th‐grade composition course around the concept of place. In this case study we describe how one high school student—Riley—engaged with the concept of place over the course of an academic trimester. Multimodal analyses of Riley's digital story illustrate how she engaged in a 21st century literacy practice that demanded her fluency beyond reading and writing print texts to consider how multiple layers of meaning were recast across linguistic, visual, and aural semiotic modes.
Visual and Digital Texts
Authors: Botzakis Stergios
Published: December 2013

This column provides reviews of adolescent and adult visual and digital texts and provides a valuable resource for visual and digital text selection in‐ and outside the classroom.
Reimagining Multiliteracies: A Response to Leander and Boldt
Authors: Jacobs Gloria E.
Published: December 2013

In this column, the author considers critiques of multiliteracies in light of the impact of the seminal article, A Pedagogy of Multiliteracies: Designing Social Futures. The author argues that the concept of multiliteracies has been reified and the original meaning of multi has been lost over the years. Particular attention is paid to Leander and Boldt's 2013 article that critiques the multiliteracies framework as being text‐centric and overly rational. Consideration of Leander and Boldt's argument indicates that the multiliteracies framework should be used judiciously when analyzing youth's interactions with texts. Additionally, the author suggest that it is time to reimagine multiliteracies if we are to move forward in supporting youth as they develop the skills to thrive in an information based, multiliterate world.
Disciplinary Literacy in Science
Authors: Fang Zhihui
Published: December 2013

Developing science literacy requires not only firsthand explorations of the material world but also secondhand investigations with text. A potentially powerful kind of text in science is trade books. This column describes four classroom ploys for using science trade books to enhance students' secondhand experiences.
Expanding What It Means to Make Evidence‐Based Claims
Authors: Chandler‐Olcott Kelly
Published: December 2013

This article argues that exploration of media coverage of a story like the Boston Marathon bombings, including online comments posted by readers, can support youth in reflecting on and thinking critically about a tragedy while offering opportunities for literacy pedagogy consistent with the goals of the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts & Literacy. Instructional recommendations for this exploration are grounded in the author's experience co‐teaching ninth graders in an urban high school. The article concludes with discussion of how some CCSS interpretations and implementation strategies may undermine such efforts if literacy educators do not insist upon 21st century framings for their work.
From “Slumdog” to Humanitarian: Combining Literacy with Purpose
Authors: Bathina Jyothi
Published: December 2013

This column features essays written by current middle school and high school teachers, media specialists, librarians, literacy coaches, curriculum specialists, administrators, preservice teachers, teacher educators, and adolescent and adult learners. They highlight diverse perspectives on teaching and/or learning with literacies to inspire reader reflection.
Water‐Soluble and Recyclable Cyclopalladated Ferrocenylimine for Suzuki Coupling Reaction
Authors: Li Yang , Fu Zhihua , Rao Lu , Wang Li , Li Rui , Li Tiesheng , Wu Yangjie
Published: December 2013

A series of new water‐soluble cyclopalladated ferrocenylimines were designed and prepared. They were efficient catalyst for Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl bromides and phenylboronic acid in neat water under ambient atmosphere. Among of these catalysts, the catalyst (C2D) could be reused for 6 times for the Suzuki coupling reaction of 4‐bromotoluene with phenylboronic acid in EtOH/H2O under ambient atmosphere, in which no significant loss activity of C2D was observed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Benzochromeno[2,3‐b]tetrahydroquinolinone Derivatives
Authors: Han Guang‐Fan , Wang Ming , Jin Yan , Chen Li‐Zhuang
Published: December 2013

We report on a novel method for the preparation of a new series of benzochromeno[2,3‐b]tetrahydroquinolin‐1‐one derivatives. The title compounds are prepared by the 5‐substituted‐1,3 ‐cyclohexanedione and 3‐amino‐1‐aryl‐1H‐benzo[f]chromene‐2‐carbonitrile or 2‐amino‐4‐aryl‐4H‐benzo[h]chromene‐3‐carbonitrile using dilute HCl, K2CO3, and Cu2Cl2 as catalysts. The method has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, and low toxicity. The structures of all compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, IR, MS, and 1H NMR spectra. Two single crystals are characterized by using X‐ray diffraction.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Novel Carbazole Derivatives Containing Pyridine Ring
Authors: Su Ruifei , Wei Hongyu , Zhang Xin , Ma Sufang , Yan Jing , Cui Yuan , Zhang Zhao
Published: December 2013

A series of novel monodisperse, well‐defined molecules with a pyridine core and carbazole arms were synthesized by simple procedures with Iodo‐reaction and Ullmann reaction. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elementary analysis. Moreover, the fluorescence spectra showed that these compounds exhibited strong fluorescence with the maximum wavelengths ranging from 373 to 385 nm.
An Efficient Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of N‐Alkyl Derivatives of Carbazole, Indole, and Phenothiazine
Authors: Zhao Sanhu , Kang Jin , Du Yuting , Kang Jingyan , Zhao Xiaoni , Xu Yinfeng , Chen Ruixi , Wang Qianqian , Shi Xitao
Published: December 2013

Heterocyclic compounds bearing an acidic hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen such as carbazole, indole, and phenothiazine can be efficiently alkylated in DMSO or N,N‐DMF under ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a base. In almost all cases, a dramatic reduction of the reaction time results and a clear yield increase accompanied by an improved quality of the products occurs.
Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus over three consecutive seasons in Latvia
Authors: Balmaks Reinis , Ribakova Irina , Gardovska Dace , Kazaks Andris
Published: December 2013

Lower respiratory tract infections caused by the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) represent an immense burden of the disease, especially in young children. This study aimed to investigate the evolutionary history of HRSV strains isolated in the Children's Clinical University Hospital (Riga, Latvia) over three consecutive HRSV seasons. Of 207 samples from children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections, 88 (42.5%) tested positive for HRSV by RT‐PCR. The seasonal activity started and peaked later than the average for the Northern hemisphere. Patients with HRSV lower respiratory tract infection were significantly younger than patients not infected with HRSV. HRSV‐A viruses predominated for two consecutive seasons and were followed by an HRSV‐B dominant season. Phylogenetic analysis based on glycoprotein G gene partial sequences revealed that viruses of both groups belonged to the worldwide dominant genotypes NA1 (HRSV‐A) and BA‐IV (HRSV‐B). High diversity of this gene was driven only partially by selection pressure, as only two positively selected sites were identified in each group.

Two of the HRSV‐A isolates in this study contained a 72‐nt duplication in the C‐terminal end of the G gene (genotype ON1) that was first described in Canada in the 2010–2011 season. Initial spatial and temporal dynamics of this novel genotype were reconstructed by discrete phylogeographic analysis. Fifteen years after acquiring comparable 60‐nt duplication in the G gene, genotype BA lineages have replaced all other HRSV‐B strains. However, the population size of genotype ON1 plateaued soon and even decreased slightly before the beginning of the 2012–2013 season. J. Med. Virol. 86:1971–1982, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consequences of antagonistic interactions between endophytic fungus and bacterium on plant growth and defense responses in Atractylodes lancea
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Mi , Yang Bo , Wang Hong‐Wei , Yang Teng , Ren Cheng‐Gang , Zheng Hai‐Lin , Dai Chuan‐Chao
Published: December 2013

Many studies have examined pair‐wise interactions between plants and endophytes, while overlooking the interplays among multiple endosymbionts and their combined impacts on hosts. In this study, Atractylodes lancea plantlets were inoculated with endophytic fungus Acremonium strictum AL16, or endophytic bacterium Acinetobacter sp., or both, to investigate the impacts of the three‐way symbiosis on the host. Our results showed that defense‐related responses of the co‐inoculated plantlets were delayed and weakened relative to plantlets with single inoculants, but no detrimental effects on phyto‐physiology (growth, photosynthesis) were observed after combined inoculations. Quantitative PCR analysis verified a decrease in AL16 colonization density within plants after co‐inoculation with the endobacteria. An in vitro assay was then performed to elucidate the suppressed plant defense responses and reduced fungal colonization by dual inoculation. The data showed that the presence of Acinetobacter sp. reduced AL16 colony diameter and spore germination rate without negatively affecting fungal morphology. Additionally, direct hyphal attachment of the bacterium to AL16 in vitro was visualized by scanning electronic microscopy. Therefore, we propose that a balanced and compatible symbiosis might require constraints conferred by the antagonistic endophyte Acinetobacter sp. on the fungus AL16 in the tripartite endophytic bacterium–fungus–plant system.
Chemical properties and reactivity of manganese chelates and complexes in solution and soils
Authors: López‐Rayo Sandra , Lucena Silvia , Lucena Juan J.
Published: December 2013

Commercial fertilizers containing synthetic manganese (Mn) chelates and complexes are currently used to alleviate Mn deficiency in crops. However, studies conducted on Mn sources in order to evaluate their behavior maintaining Mn soluble in nutrient solution and soil have not been done. In this work, representative commercial Mn fertilizers based on chelates and complexes were characterized and their chemical stability in solution and interaction with soils has been evaluated. Fertilizers studied were two ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) Mn chelates, oneN‐(1,2‐dicarboxyethyl)‐D,L‐aspartic acid (IDHA) Mn chelate, two lignosulfonates, one carboxylate, one fulvate, one gluconate, and one heptagluconate‐based Mn complex. Characterization consisted of the determination of the soluble and chelated or complexed Mn, and the ligand identification by nuclear‐magnetic resonance (NMR). Stability study included batch experiments in Ca solution at different pH and three batch experiments with soil comparing with MnSO4. Results indicate that most of the Mn fertilizers comply with the declared “soluble and chelated or complexed” metal content. At a usual pH range of calcareous soils (7.5–8.5), both chelates and complexes maintain more Mn in solution than MnSO4in the presence of Ca. Several factors affect the Mn remaining in solution after the interaction with the soil, especially, the soil‐to‐solution ratio. All chelates and complexes are better alternatives to the use of MnSO4in agronomical practices such as fertigation and soil application. Mn‐IDHA as chelate and Mn‐HGl or Mn‐Carb as complexes can be efficient, economical, and environmental friendly fertilizers for foliar application and hydroponic cultures. In soil application, Mn‐EDTA or Mn‐LS would be the best options. In this case, lignosulfonic acid represents a sustainable and low‐cost solution.