bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Gopherus polyphemus Intestinal Parasites in South Florida
Authors: Huffman Jessica N. , Haizlett Kent S. , Elhassani Dana K. , Cooney Brian T. , Frazier Evelyn M.
Published: December 2018

Gopherus polyphemus populations are diminishing throughout their range due to urbanization, fragmentation, and poor habitat management. Increased population densities, poor habitat quality, and lack of fire may influence disease transmission. Parasite roles within wild tortoise populations are largely unknown; despite evidence these pathogens may pose significant health risks. This study provides a baseline of gopher tortoise intestinal parasites across South Florida and reports on how varying environmental and tortoise characteristics may affect intestinal parasite species prevalence and approximate loads. Tortoise fecal samples were taken from six tortoise populations across five South Florida sites. Seven species of intestinal parasites were discovered from 123 tortoises. Identified parasites include endohelminths such as cyathostomes, pinworms, ascarids, flukes, and protozoans including Eimeria, Cryptosporidium, and Amoeba species. Significant differences in parasite prevalence and loads were seen between sites, while parasitism among sex, size class, and habitat type remained relatively ubiquitous.
Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity of a Binary Mixture of Pyrethroid Insecticides: d-Tetramethrin and Cyphenothrin
Authors: Mendis Janthri C. , Tennakoon Thejani K. , Jayasinghe Chanika D.
Published: December 2018

Pesguard FG161™, a mixture of d-tetramethrin and cyphenothrin (1:3 ratio), is extensively used to achieve rapid control of adult dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, during the disease outbreaks. Both d-tetramethrin and cyphenothrin are synthetic pyrethroids that are known to have adverse effects on non-mammalian organisms such as fish. The present study intended to use zebrafish embryo toxicity model to investigate the toxic effect of the above binary mixture on fish. Particularly, zebrafish embryo toxicity model provides an alternative to acute fish toxicity tests in terms of animal welfare perspective as the embryos are not considered live until 5 days after fertilization. The zebrafish embryos (2 hrs after fertilization) were exposed to a binary mixture of pyrethroids at different concentrations (d-tetramethrin: 0.01 – 1.20 μmolL-1 and cyphenothrin: 0.03 – 3.20 μmolL-1) for 24, 48, and 72 hrs at room temperature (26°C) according to the OECD guideline no. 236. Percentage mortality of embryos were calculated by observing the lethal endpoints and LC50 values were calculated for each time interval employing the probit analysis. This binary mixture was highly toxic to zebrafish embryos and was found to be concentration and time dependent. LC50 values at 24 hrs (d-tet: 0.58 μmolL-1, cyp: 1.74 μmolL-1) were significantly reduced in 48 hrs (d-tet: 0.11 μmolL-1, cyp: 0.33 μmolL-1) and 72 hrs (d-tet: 0.03 μmolL-1, cyp: 0.09 μmolL-1). Coagulation of embryos was the most common lethal effect observed and lack of somite formation and lack of heartbeat were also observed. The present study revealed that the binary mixture is highly toxic to zebrafish embryos even when based on nominal concentrations. Hence, extensive use of these pesticides could be detrimental to fish population and integrated vector control methods which involve the minimum use of insecticides are recommended. Further, this study highlights the applicability of zebrafish embryo toxicity model as an alternative method to investigate the toxicity of pyrethroids to fish.
Rudimentary Meningocele of the Scalp: A Pitfall in the Diagnosis of Vascular Neoplasms
Authors: Ramkumar Subramaniam
Published: December 2018

We present a case of sequestrated meningocele in a 1-year-old girl, who presented with a 1x1cm occipital swelling since birth. CT brain revealed the soft tissue swelling to be extracranial. She underwent surgical excision of the specimen and the excised mass was sent for histopathological examination. The specimen consisted of skin and subcutaneous tissue measuring 2 x 1 x 1 cm. The entire tissue was paraffin processed. Multiple sections studied from the lesion showed an ill circumscribed locally infiltrative dermal lesion. The lesion was composed of whorled proliferations of meningothelial cells enclosing pseudovascular spaces. Immunohistochemically the lesion was positive for EMA, Desmin, and negative for endothelial markers. The present case was documented as a rare case of a rudimentary meningocele.
Optimal Model for Complementary Operation of a Photovoltaic-Wind-Pumped Storage System
Authors: Gao Jinjin , Zheng Yuan , Li Jianming , Zhu Xiaoming , Kan Kan
Published: December 2018

An optimization model for the complementary operation of a photovoltaic-wind-pumped storage system is built to make full use of solar and wind energy. Apart from ensuring the maximum economic benefit which is normally used as the only objective, the stable objectives of minimizing the output fluctuation and variation of load and output difference are added to form the multiobjective problems because of lack of study on access capacity of photovoltaic and wind power. The model aims to increase the power benefit and reduce the output fluctuation and variation of load and output difference under the constraints of station, output balance, and transmission limitation. In a case study, four schemes including single-objective independent operation, single-objective complementary operation, and multiobjective complementary operation are compared to discuss the effect of pumped storage station on economic objective and stable objectives. Furthermore, the opposite trend of the two objectives is proved and a compromise optimal solution is given. The results indicate that the pumped storage station can effectively increase power benefit and access capacity of photovoltaic and wind power. The study can provide references to the complementary optimization of the pumped storage station and the intermittent renewable energy.
Parametric Underwater Transmission Based on Pattern Time Delay Shift Coding System
Authors: Cheng Yue , Zhao Anbang , Hui Juan , An Tiansi , Zhou Bin
Published: December 2018

The technique of pattern time delay shift coding (PDS) underwater acoustic (UWA) communication based on parametric array is presented in this paper, which is easy to be implemented and robust in the spatiotemporal variable ocean environment. The parametric array can generate low-frequency, broadband, and high-directivity beam with small-aperture. The high directivity reduces the impact of time variant characteristics of UWA channel especially multipath effects and improves the reuse rate of underwater acoustic channel at the same time. The wide bandwidth allows high rate communications. The sea trial results show that it can be employed to combat multipath propagation in shallow water and achieve very low bit error rate (BER). The theoretical research and sea trial verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed UWA method.
Deformation Monitoring and Stability Analysis of Shaft Lining in Weakly Cemented Stratum
Authors: Lyu Xianzhou , Wang Weiming
Published: December 2018

Shaft linings in thick weakly cemented stratum have the disadvantages of large deformation and repeated damage after repair. Considering the typical geologic characteristics and the failure characteristics of shaft linings, we establish a multilayer automatic deformation monitoring system in this paper, and the monitoring system can realize the real‐time, continuous, and long‐term dynamic monitoring on shaft linings. Based on the concrete strength failure criterion under biaxial compression and the analytical solution for spatially axisymmetric problem of thick‐wall cylinders, the damage limit of the shaft lining in Xieqiao coal mine is obtained. Then, we choose three sections as the test area according to the typical damage forms of shaft linings to carry out the monitoring scheme on the auxiliary shaft in Xieqiao coal mine. The monitoring results show that the extreme value of the shaft lining deformation is 2.369 mm. And the shaft lining located in the border between the floor aquifer and the bedrock generates the most severe deformation, which is about 89.4% of the deformation limit. The shaft lining deformation increment fluctuates in certain range, which belongs to elastic deformation. Finally, we inverse the stress state according to the deformation value of the shaft lining, and the obtained additional stress is found to be lower than the ultimate compressive strength. Long‐term project practice confirms that the deformation monitoring results can reflect the real stress condition of the shaft lining and that the monitoring system can realize the real‐time dynamic evaluation for the status of the shaft lining.
SMAD4 Loss in Colorectal Cancer Patients Correlates with Recurrence, Loss of Immune Infiltrate, and Chemoresistance
Authors: Wasserman Isaac , Lee Lik Hang , Ogino Shuji , Marco Michael R. , Wu Chao , Chen Xi , Datta Jashodeep , Sadot Eran , Szeglin Bryan , Guillem Jose G. , Paty Philip B. , Weiser Martin R. , Nash Garrett M. , Saltz Leonard , Barlas Afsar , Manova-Todorova Katia , Uppada Srijaya Prakash Babu , Elghouayel Arthur E. , Ntiamoah Peter , Glickman Jonathan N. , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Kosumi Keisuke , Inamura Kentaro , Chan Andrew T. , Nishihara Reiko , Cercek Andrea , Ganesh Karuna , Kemeny Nancy E. , Dhawan Punita , Yaeger Rona , Sawyers Charles L. , Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Giannakis Marios , Shia Jinru , Smith J. Joshua
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

SMAD4 has shown promise in identifying patients with colorectal cancer at high risk of recurrence or death.

Experimental Design: A discovery cohort and independent validation cohort were classified by SMAD4 status. SMAD4 status and immune infiltrate measurements were tested for association with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Patient-derived xenografts from SMAD4-deficient and SMAD4-retained tumors were used to examine chemoresistance.

Results:

The discovery cohort consisted of 364 patients with stage I–IV colorectal cancer. Median age at diagnosis was 53 years. The cohort consisted of 61% left-sided tumors and 62% stage II/III patients. Median follow-up was 5.4 years (interquartile range, 2.3–8.2). SMAD4 loss, noted in 13% of tumors, was associated with higher tumor and nodal stage, adjuvant therapy use, fewer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and lower peritumoral lymphocyte aggregate (PLA) scores (all P < 0.04). SMAD4 loss was associated with worse RFS (P = 0.02). When stratified by SMAD4 and immune infiltrate status, patients with SMAD4 loss and low TIL or PLA had worse RFS (P = 0.002 and P = 0.006, respectively). Among patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based systemic chemotherapy, those with SMAD4 loss had a median RFS of 3.8 years compared with 13 years for patients with SMAD4 retained. In xenografted mice, the SMAD4-lost tumors displayed resistance to 5-FU. An independent cohort replicated our findings, in particular, the association of SMAD4 loss with decreased immune infiltrate, as well as worse disease-specific survival.

Conclusions:

Our data show SMAD4 loss correlates with worse clinical outcome, resistance to chemotherapy, and decreased immune infiltrate, supporting its use as a prognostic marker in patients with colorectal cancer.
Epigenetic Silencing of miRNA-338-5p and miRNA-421 Drives SPINK1-Positive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bhatia Vipul , Yadav Anjali , Tiwari Ritika , Nigam Shivansh , Goel Sakshi , Carskadon Shannon , Gupta Nilesh , Goel Apul , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Ateeq Bushra
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type-1 (SPINK1) overexpression defines the second most recurrent and aggressive prostate cancer subtype. However, the underlying molecular mechanism and pathobiology of SPINK1 in prostate cancer remains largely unknown.

Experimental Design:

miRNA prediction tools were employed to examine the SPINK1-3′UTR for miRNA binding. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the SPINK1-3′UTR binding of shortlisted miR-338-5p/miR-421. Furthermore, miR-338-5p/-421–overexpressing cancer cells (SPINK1-positive) were evaluated for oncogenic properties using cell-based functional assays and a mouse xenograft model. Global gene expression profiling was performed to unravel the biological pathways altered by miR-338-5p/-421. IHC and RNA in situ hybridization were carried out on prostate cancer patients' tissue microarray for SPINK1 and EZH2 expression, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to examine EZH2 occupancy on the miR-338-5p/-421–regulatory regions. Bisulfite sequencing and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation were performed on prostate cancer cell lines and patients' specimens.

Results:

We established a critical role of miRNA-338-5p/-421 in posttranscriptional regulation of SPINK1. Ectopic expression of miRNA-338-5p/-421 in SPINK1-positive cells abrogates oncogenic properties including cell-cycle progression, stemness, and drug resistance, and shows reduced tumor burden and distant metastases in a mouse model. Importantly, we show that patients with SPINK1-positive prostate cancer exhibit increased EZH2 expression, suggesting its role in epigenetic silencing of miRNA-338-5p/-421. Furthermore, presence of CpG dinucleotide DNA methylation marks on the regulatory regions of miR-338-5p/-421 in SPINK1-positive prostate cancer cells and patients' specimens confirms epigenetic silencing.

Conclusions:

Our findings revealed that miRNA-338-5p/-421 are epigenetically silenced in SPINK1-positive prostate cancer, although restoring the expression of these miRNAs using epigenetic drugs or synthetic mimics could abrogate SPINK1-mediated oncogenesis.

See related commentary by Bjartell, p. 2679
Enhancing Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Downregulating SOX2 and ABCG2 Using Wedelolactone-encapsulated Nanoparticles
Authors: Das Sreemanti , Mukherjee Pritha , Chatterjee Ranodeep , Jamal Zarqua , Chatterji Urmi
Published: December 2018

A major caveat in the treatment of breast cancer is disease recurrence after therapeutic regime at both local and distal sites. Tumor relapse is attributed to the persistence of chemoresistant cancer stem cells (CSC), which need to be obliterated along with conventional chemotherapy. Wedelolactone, a naturally occurring coumestan, demonstrates anticancer effects in different cancer cells, although with several limitations, and is mostly ineffective against CSCs. To enhance its biological activity in cancer cells and additionally target the CSCs, wedelolactone-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (nWdl) were formulated. Initial results indicated that nanoformulation of wedelolactone not only increased its uptake in breast cancer cells and the CSC population, it enhanced drug retention and sustained release within the cells. Enhanced drug retention was achieved by downregulation of SOX2 and ABCG2, both of which contribute to drug resistance of the CSCs. In addition, nWdl prevented epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, suppressed cell migration and invasion, and reduced the percentage of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) in MDA-MB-231 cells. When administered in combination with paclitaxel, which is known to be ineffective against BCSCs, nWdl sensitized the cells to the effects of paclitaxel and reduced the percentage of ALDH+ BCSCs and mammospheres. Furthermore, nWdl suppressed growth of solid tumors in mice and also reduced CD44+/CD24−/low population. Taken together, our data imply that nWdl decreased metastatic potential of BCSCs, enhanced chemosensitivity through coordinated regulation of pluripotent and efflux genes, and thereby provides an insight into effective drug delivery specifically for obliterating BCSCs.
Blood Interactions, Pharmacokinetics, and Depth-Dependent Ablation of Rat Mammary Tumors with Photoactivatable, Liposomal Doxorubicin
Authors: Carter Kevin A. , Luo Dandan , Geng Jumin , Stern Stephan T. , Lovell Jonathan F.
Published: December 2018

Photosensitizers can be integrated with drug delivery vehicles to develop chemophototherapy agents with antitumor synergy between chemo- and photocomponents. Long-circulating doxorubicin (Dox) in porphyrin–phospholipid (PoP) liposomes (LC-Dox-PoP) incorporates a phospholipid-like photosensitizer (2 mole %) in the bilayer of Dox-loaded stealth liposomes. Hematological effects of endotoxin-minimized LC-Dox-PoP were characterized via standardized assays. In vitro interaction with erythrocytes, platelets, and plasma coagulation cascade were generally unremarkable, whereas complement activation was found to be similar to that of commercial Doxil. Blood partitioning suggested that both the Dox and PoP components of LC-Dox-PoP were stably entrapped or incorporated in liposomes. This was further confirmed with pharmacokinetic studies in Fischer rats, which showed the PoP and Dox components of the liposomes both had nearly identical, long circulation half-lives (25–26 hours). In a large orthotopic mammary tumor model in Fischer rats, following intravenous dosing (2 mg/kg Dox), the depth of enhanced Dox delivery in response to 665 nm laser irradiation was over 1 cm. LC-Dox-PoP with laser treatment cured or potently suppressed tumor growth, with greater efficacy observed in tumors 0.8 to 1.2 cm, compared with larger ones. The skin at the treatment site healed within approximately 30 days. Taken together, these data provide insight into nanocharacterization and photo-ablation parameters for a chemophototherapy agent.
TSR-033, a Novel Therapeutic Antibody Targeting LAG-3, Enhances T-Cell Function and the Activity of PD-1 BlockadeIn VitroandIn Vivo
Authors: Ghosh Srimoyee , Sharma Geeta , Travers Jon , Kumar Sujatha , Choi Justin , Jun H. Toni , Kehry Marilyn , Ramaswamy Sridhar , Jenkins David
Published: December 2018

Progressive upregulation of checkpoints on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, severely compromising tumor immunity. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a coinhibitory receptor associated with impaired T-cell function and is frequently coexpressed with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in the context of human cancers. Targeting LAG-3 in conjunction with PD-1 thus represents a strategy to amplify and broaden the therapeutic impact of PD-1 blockade alone. We have generated a high affinity and selective humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody, TSR-033, which binds human LAG-3 and serves as a functional antagonist, enhancing in vitro T-cell activation both in mixed lymphocyte reactions and staphylococcal enterotoxin B-driven stimulation assays. In a humanized mouse non–small cell lung carcinoma model, TSR-033 boosted the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 monotherapy, with a concomitant increase in immune activation. Analogous studies in a murine syngeneic tumor model using surrogate antibodies demonstrated significant synergy between LAG-3 and PD-1 blockade—combination treatment led to a marked improvement in therapeutic efficacy, increased T-cell proliferation, IFNγ production, and elicited durable immunologic memory upon tumor rechallenge. Taken together, the pharmacologic activity of TSR-033 demonstrates that it is a potent anti-LAG-3 therapeutic antibody and supports its clinical investigation in cancer patients.
Interactions with Muscle Cells Boost Fusion, Stemness, and Drug Resistance of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Uygur Berna , Leikina Evgenia , Melikov Kamran , Villasmil Rafael , Verma Santosh K. , Vary Calvin P.H. , Chernomordik Leonid V.
Published: December 2018

Poorly understood interactions with nonmalignant cells within the tumor microenvironment play an important role in cancer progression. Here, we explored interactions between prostate cancer and muscle cells that surround the prostate. We found that coculturing of prostate cancer cells with skeletal or smooth muscle cells expands the subpopulations of cancer cells with features characteristic of cancer stem-like cells, including anchorage-independent growth, elevated CD133 expression, and drug resistance. These changes in the properties of cancer cells depend on: (i) the muscle cell–induced increases in the concentrations of interleukins 4 and 13; (ii) the cytokine-induced upregulation of the expression of syncytin 1 and annexin A5; and (iii) cancer cell fusion. In human prostate cancer tissues, expression of syncytin 1 and annexin A5, proteins that we found to be required for the cell fusion, positively correlated with the cancer development suggesting that these proteins can be used as biomarkers to evaluate cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets.

Implications:

The discovered effects of muscle cells on prostate cancer cells reveal a novel and specific pathway by which muscle cells in the microenvironment of prostate cancer cells promote cell fusion and cancer progression.
Ovarian Cancer Cells Commonly Exhibit Defective STING Signaling Which Affects Sensitivity to Viral Oncolysis
Authors: de Queiroz Nina Marí Gual Pimenta , Xia Tianli , Konno Hiroyasu , Barber Glen N.
Published: December 2018

Ovarian cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer in women and the most lethal of the gynecologic malignancies. Treatments have comprised the use of immunotherapeutic agents as well as oncolytic viruses, with varying results for reasons that remain to be clarified. To better understand the mechanisms that may help predict treatment outcome, we have evaluated innate immune signaling in select ovarian cancer cell lines, governed by the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), which controls self or viral DNA–triggered cytokine production. Our results indicate that STING-dependent signaling is habitually defective in majority of ovarian cancer cells examined, frequently through the suppression of STING and/or the cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) enzyme Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) expression, by epigenetic processes. However, STING-independent, dsRNA-activated innate immune cytokine production, which require RIG-I/MDA5, were largely unaffected. Such defects enabled ovarian cancer cells to avoid DNA damage–mediated cytokine production, which would alert the immunosurveillance system. Loss of STING signaling also rendered ovarian cancer cells highly susceptible to viral oncolytic γ34.5 deleted-HSV1 (Herpes simplex virus) infection in vitro and in vivo.

Implications:

STING signaling evaluation in tumors may help predict disease outcome and possibly dictate the efficacy of oncoviral and other types of cancer therapies.
“Exactly as you see me” (Charmides 153b8)
Authors: Ayalon Noa
Published: December 2018

Plato’s Charmides is a narrated dialogue. In this paper, I will argue that the literary device of narration plays an interesting and resourceful role in advancing the philosophical aims and ideas presented in the text. In particular, it exposes the inner workings of the souls of the dialogue’s characters, thus enabling us, the readers, to judge whether the inner and outer projections of each character cohere. One of the most important definitions of sophrosune suggested in the Charmides is that moderation is self-knowledge, which is expressed in a strong correlation between what one feels and thinks and their actions. I will argue that the narration of the dialogue aids and exemplifies the philosophical lesson it teaches about sophrosune, even if the suggested definition of the virtue is formally rejected.
Beautiful form and the function of aesthetical imagination
Authors: Belmani Ana Carolina De Carvalho
Published: December 2018

From the examination of the Deduction of pure aesthetic judgments, followed by its articulation with interpretations on the specifically aesthetic function of the imagination, we present the hypothesis according to which the beautiful form can be understood as a product of imagination considered as “exemplary of rules”, according to the imaginative model proposed by Hanna Ginsborg. By doing so, we contemplate the possibilities and implications of admitting the capacity of imagination to produce normative representations. Accepting her model, we intend to take a step further than the author, showing how it is opportune to elucidate the notion of beautiful form.
Linhas fundamentais da teoria da faculdade de desejar
Authors: Reinhold Karl Leonhard , Fracalossi Ivanilde
Published: December 2018

Tradução de Linhas fundamentais da teoria da faculdade de desejar, de Karl Leonhard Reinhold, por Ivanilde Fracalossi
Jamais ferir teus sentimentos
Authors: Menasche Diana
Published: December 2018

Criação literária. Poema original e inédito em forma de autoria própria.
(Des)confiança e medo nas cidades de Amilcar Bettega Barbosa e de Murilo Rubião
Authors: Colaço Raul da Rocha
Published: December 2018

Através de uma análise comparativa entre os contos “A aventura prático-intelectual do sr. Alexandre Costa”, de Amilcar Bettega Barbosa (2004), e de “A cidade”, de Murilo Rubião (1999), busco investigar como se dão as relações de convivência entre estrangeiros e nativos dentro de espaços citadinos ficcionais que, de certo modo, retratam espaços reais. Para isso, foram úteis as contribuições de Susan Sontag (1987a; 1987b), de José D’Assunção Barros (2012), de Remo Ceserani (2006), de Claudio Cruz (1994), de Zygmunt Bauman (2009), entre outras. Como resultado, sinalizo que ambos os autores elegem, basicamente, o viés negativo dessa experiência para uma materialização textual, ocultando do leitor todas as possíveis vantagens oriundas desse contato.
O Brasil homenageado na Feira do Livro de Frankfurt em 2013: roteiro de exclusões
Authors: Timm Mateus Robaski , Klipel Renata de Oliveira , Dolgener Vicente Cousin , Ortiz Nicolle Garcia
Published: December 2018

O surgimento e a afirmação de novas vozes no campo literário brasileiro têm dado provas de uma produção de qualidade capaz de representar a heterogeneidade sociocultural de nosso país. Assim, este artigo busca expor, num primeiro momento, a existência de uma multiplicidade de autoras e autores que vêm se firmando cada vez mais na cena literária nacional. Eles são exemplos de discursos descentralizados, trazendo a experiência de vozes periféricas, indígenas, de autoria feminina negra, entre outras, para o debate e reflexão da literatura. Entretanto, esta multiplicidade não se fez presente na Feira do Livro de Frankfurt, em 2013, importante evento do mercado livreiro, que poderia mostrar ao mundo a diversidade de produções e autores de nossa cultura. A seleção da comitiva brasileira de certa forma espelhou, através das escolhas dos autores, o paradigma excludente do processo histórico nacional. Este roteiro de exclusões foi desvelado mesmo durante o evento, gerando polêmicas desencadeadas pelos próprios autores brasileiros na Feira de Frankfurt, sobretudo no discurso de abertura de Luiz Ruffato, que criou uma cisão dentro da comitiva de escritores.
A literatura marginal brasileira no atual contexto francês
Authors: Coutinho Priscilla
Published: December 2018

Qual seria o lugar da literatura marginal brasileira no atual cenário internacional ? A voz oriunda das periferias seria uma nova forma de expressão literária em desenvolvimento, ou apenas a repetição de um clichê historicamente atribuído à sociedade brasileira ? Numa conversa franca, Paula Anacaona nos revela seu ponto de vista sobre o assunto, compartilhando sua experiência profissional no meio editorial francês.

Fundadora das edições Anacaona, seu projeto foi motivado por um desejo pessoal de difundir a produção literária das minorias e suas diversidades. Suas publicações privilegiam as narrativas consideradas marginais, sendo, em sua maioria, oriundas das periferias urbanas ou dos distantes espaços rurais brasileiros. Mas ao trazer à tona esses espaços « esquecidos » e essas vozes silenciadas, estaríamos nós contribuindo para a disseminação de um singular movimento literário, ou estaríamos uma vez mais caindo na armadilha do esperado « exotismo » brasileiro? Eis algumas questões que, através dessa entrevista, buscamos refletir.
Sixxen e música eletroacústica: o diálogo entre instrumento microtonal e aparatos eletroeletrônicos no repertório pós-Pléiades
Authors: Morais Ronan Gil De , Araújo Lucas Davi De
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a utilização e desenvolvimento do Sixxen, instrumento de percussão concebido por Iannis Xenakis em 1978 e estreado em 1979, em interação com música eletroacústica e aparatos eletroeletrônicos. Para isso, procurou-se observar, por meio de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental (gravações, partituras, entre outros), de que maneira(s) o Sixxen foi utilizado em associação com esses aparatos, ilustrando o caminho do desenvolvimento de seu repertório e catalogando as obras específicas. O presente trabalho vem assim possibilitar a reflexão sobre o que já foi realizado na interação com este instrumento (instrumento este relativamente recente no rol de criações da luteria moderna) e mostrar as possibilidades composicionais ainda possíveis de aplicação.
Considerações sobre o caráter sombrio na música
Authors: Martinez Gandhi De Oliveira , Piedade Acácio Tadeu de Camargo
Published: December 2018

Atualmente há uma forte presença do caráter sombrio nas artes, literatura e entretenimento. Este artigo busca investigar o sombrio como tópica musical através de um levantamento preliminar do campo do sombrio na música. Iniciamos discutindo questões como a luminosidade e suas associações com o medo, o diabólico e o grotesco. Após comentar o expressionismo no cinema e o movimento gótico dos anos 1980, apresentaremos um histórico do sombrio como tópica musical a partir de figuras de retórica do período barroco e tópicas posteriores como ombrae das unheimliche. Na conclusão, tentaremos argumentar que o sombrio é uma tópica musical contemporânea levando em conta toda essa trajetória histórica e sua intensificação pela arquitetura simbólica da indústria do entretenimento.
ENTRE O AMOR E O CRIME: A PARTICIPAÇÃO DA LITERATURA E DA IMPRENSA NO PROCESSO DE ADULTÉRIO DE CAMILO E ANA PLÁCIDO
Authors: Castro Andreia Alves Monteiro de
Published: December 2018

Sentindo na pele todas as penalidades infligidas àqueles que não se encaixavam no padrão, Camilo ao ser preso como corréu na querela movida por Pinheiro Alves, marido de Ana Plácido, empunhou em sua defesa as mesmas armas empregadas para aniquilar publicamente os criminosos. O escritor e a amada, contando com a ajuda de amigos respeitados e letrados, moveram através da imprensa periódica e de sua própria literatura uma campanha baseada na ideia de que o adultério era quase uma consequência dos casamentos baseados em conveniências financeiras, que excluíam o amor.
LIMITES ENTRE JORNALISMO E LITERATURA EM “A GUERRA NÃO TEM ROSTO DE MULHER”, DE SVETLANA ALEKSIÉVITCH: UMA ANÁLISE DO NARRADOR A PARTIR DO CONCEITO BENJAMINIANO DE ERFAHRUNG
Authors: Gonçalves Emerson Campos , Loureiro Robson
Published: December 2018

Observar o tracejado que divide jornalismo e literatura pode significar a avaliação de uma linha tênue ou a comparação entre galáxias distantes. Tal paradoxo é nutrido pelo deslocamento constante de fronteiras, sobretudo nos formatos híbridos, sendo impossível estabelecer definitivamente limites éticos e estéticos que encerrem cada narrativa. Partindo dessa imprecisão, este estudo recorre à categoria de Erfahrung (experiência), presente nos estudos de Walter Benjamin, para investigar os tensionamentos do narrador em “A guerra não tem rosto de mulher”, de Svetlana Aleksiévitch. O objetivo é discutir a importância do Jornalismo Literário como proposta contra-hegemônica efetiva aos mass media.
ANTECEDENTES E REPERCUSSÃO INICIAL DA PUBLICAÇÃO DOS FARÓIS (1900), DE CRUZ E SOUSA
Authors: Simões Junior Alvaro Santos
Published: December 2018

Analisam-se neste artigo notícias sobre as celebrações do segundo aniversário de morte de Cruz e Sousa e a repercussão imediata, na imprensa periódica, da publicação naquele mesmo ano (1900) dos Faróis, livro de poesia do mais conhecido simbolista brasileiro. Consideram-se especialmente reportagens publicadas nos jornais A Imprensa e Cidade do Rio e breves apreciações críticas de Artur Azevedo e Medeiros e Albuquerque, que se pronunciaram sobre os Faróis. Pretende-se, ao final, sugerir certa vinculação entre a posição ocupada pelos intelectuais no campo literário e o sentido das suas intervenções jornalísticas nos episódios em causa.
THE ENDLESS DETERRITORIALIZATION. IMAGINING CONTEMPORARY PORTUGAL THROUGH THE CHRONICLES BY KALAF EPALANGA
Authors: La Valle Paolo
Published: December 2018

In the last years, Kalaf Epalanga, best known as one of the member of the electronic band Buraka Som Sistema, have published several chronicles for the Público, a newspaper which strongly invested in this kind of texts. Furthermore, the case of Kalaf Epalanga re-affirms the hybridity of the chronicle, stimulating a connection between journalism literature. His contributes challenges the theme of identity as it have been discussed and analysed in the last decades, as he denounces Portuguese racism and question Portuguese multiculturalism.
JOSÉ DE ALENCAR, JORNALISTA: O FOLHETIM REENCONTRA O TEATRO CRÔNICAS PUBLICADAS NO CORREIO MERCANTIL (1854-1855) E NO DIÁRIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO (1856)
Authors: Castro Renato Barros de , Rocha Denise
Published: December 2018

O objetivo do estudo é apresentar a atuação jornalística de José de Alencar (1829-1877) na imprensa carioca, entre 1854 e 1856, no que concerne ao campo da crítica teatral e da dramaturgia, funções originais do espaço editorial conhecido como “folhetim”, seção ao pé de página na qual publicava seus textos. Para tanto, serão analisadas as considerações do autor a respeito da criação de um teatro com “cor local” e sua peça O Rio de Janeiro às direitas e às avessas (1856), que abriram espaço para um debate inovador sobre a construção do teatro brasileiro. Tal perspectiva será estudada segundo os conceitos de “porosidade”, “matriz literária da imprensa” e “matriz midiática” (Thérenty, 2007).
On the reproductive biology of Salacia fruticosa Wall. ex M.A. Lawson - an endemic medicinal plant of the Western Ghats, india
Authors: Subin K. , Jose P. A. , Sarath T. V.
Published: December 2018

Salacia fruticosa Wall. ex M.A. Lawson, an endemic species was studied for the reproductive biology as this species showed reduced fruit set and natural regeneration.  The stigma-anther proximity, an extremely low number of pollen grains, a short period of pollen viability, a sparse incidence of pollinators, protandrous and facultative autogamous nature of the flowers and a low percent in fruit set were identified as biological constraints for the species.  The incidence of seed pest was added to the poor seed and seedling bank and accelerated rarity process of the species.
Photographic evidence of Striped Hyena Hyaena hyaena (Mammalia: Carnivora: Hyaenidae) in Ramnagar forest division, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Maurya Vipul , Singh Jai Pratap , Naseem Kahkashan , Mehra Surender , Dhakate Parag M. , Verma Neha , Ansari A. G.
Published: December 2018

Striped Hyena Hyaena hyaena is a large carnivorous mammal found in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and India.  Though the mammal is largely distributed across the globe, it is listed under the Near Threatened category by IUCN Red List.  Uttarakhand is one of the states in India that is highly rich in biodiversity.  The last reported evidence of the Striped Hyena in Ramnagar Division, Uttarakhand, was in a working plan in 1977.  All India tiger estimations through camera traps conducted in 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016 failed to record the species in the area.  The current study conducted in March–December 2015 utilized opportunistic sampling methods to confirm the presence of hyenas in Ramnagar Forest Division of Uttarakhand.  The study presents photographic evidence of the Striped Hyena in the area.
On the diversity of the vertebrate fauna (excluding fishes) of Panchet Hill (Garh Panchkot), Purulia, West Bengal, India
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sanjib , Dey Somenath , Roy Utpal Singha
Published: December 2018

The present study was conducted at Panchet Hill (Garh Panchkot), Purulia, West Bengal between June 2013 and May 2015.  Multiple methods were used for making a consolidated checklist and comments on the relative abundance of vertebrate diversity, excluding fishes.  The methods included hand capturing, extensive searches in micro habitats, opportunistic spotting and information collection from the local people.  A total of 106 different vertebrate species were recorded during the study span of two years.  Aves was recorded as the Class with the highest diversity (63 species) while Amphibia was recorded as the Class with the lowest diversity (9 species).  Most of the species recorded during the present study belong to ‘Least Concern’ category as designated by IUCN.  The Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus and Striped Hyaena Hyaena hyaena belong to ‘Near Threatened’ category while the White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis belongs to ‘Critically Endangered’ category.  The present study location is facing pressures from the usual anthropogenic interventions and needs attention from the concerned authorities.
Dietary preference and feeding patterns of the urban Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Asola-Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary in India
Authors: Ganguly Ishita , Chauhan Netrapal Singh
Published: December 2018

We studied the feeding patterns and discrete spatio-temporal food habitsof16 groups of the urban Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta following their relocation in Asola-Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary near Delhi, India.  We observed that the macaques fed on 31 plant species, with Prosopis juliflora and P. cineraria appearing in most scans.  We classified the food consumed by the species into six main categories the species and recorded the average time spent on each of these throughout the year.  The maximum time was spent on supplementary feeding provided by the forest department and the minimum on natural plant resources.  There was a significant difference in the consumption of different food categories from morning to evening but there were no significant seasonal variations.  This study showed that Rhesus Macaque adopted different foraging strategies based on the availability of resources in their new environment and that variety in food resources buffered seasonality in their diet.  Information on their feeding patterns and food habits will help in developing management protocols for the primates in urban environments.
Human Monocyte Heterogeneity as Revealed by High-Dimensional Mass Cytometry
Authors: Hamers Anouk A.J. , Dinh Huy Q. , Thomas Graham D. , Marcovecchio Paola , Blatchley Amy , Nakao Catherine S. , Kim Cheryl , McSkimming Chantel , Taylor Angela M. , Nguyen Anh T. , McNamara Coleen A. , Hedrick Catherine C.
Published: December 2018

Objective—

Three distinct human monocyte subsets have been identified based on the surface marker expression of CD14 and CD16. We hypothesized that monocytes were likely more heterogeneous in composition.

Approach and Results—

We used the high dimensionality of mass cytometry together with the FlowSOM clustering algorithm to accurately identify and define monocyte subsets in blood of healthy human subjects and those with coronary artery disease (CAD). To study the behavior and functionality of the newly defined monocyte subsets, we performed RNA sequencing, transwell migration, and efferocytosis assays. Here, we identify 8 human monocyte subsets based on their surface marker phenotype. We found that 3 of these subsets fall within the CD16
+
nonclassical monocyte population and 4 subsets belong to the CD14
+
classical monocytes, illustrating significant monocyte heterogeneity in humans. As nonclassical monocytes are important in modulating atherosclerosis in mice, we studied the functions of our 3 newly identified nonclassical monocytes in subjects with CAD. We found a marked expansion of a Slan
+
CXCR6
+
nonclassical monocyte subset in CAD subjects, which was positively correlated with CAD severity. This nonclassical subset can migrate towards CXCL16 and shows an increased efferocytosis capacity, indicating it may play an atheroprotective role.

Conclusions—

Our data demonstrate that human nonclassical monocytes are a heterogeneous population, existing of several subsets with functional differences. These subsets have changed frequencies in the setting of severe CAD. Understanding how these newly identified subsets modulate CAD will be important for CAD-based therapies that target myeloid cells.
Aqp-1
Gene Knockout Attenuates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension of Mice
Authors: Liu Mingcheng , Liu Qiwang , Pei Yandong , Gong Miaomiao , Cui Xiaolin , Pan Jinjin , Zhang Yunlong , Liu Yang , Liu Ying , Yuan Xiaocheng , Zhou Haoran , Chen Yiying , Sun Jian , Wang Lin , Zhang Xiya , Wang Rui , Li Shao , Cheng Jizhong , Ding Yanchun , Ma Tonghui , Yuan Yuhui
Published: December 2018

Objective—

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is characterized by proliferative vascular remodeling. Abnormal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation and endothelial dysfunction are the primary cellular bases of vascular remodeling. AQP1 (aquaporin-1) is regulated by oxygen level and has been observed to play a role in the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. The role of AQP1 in HPH pathogenesis has not been directly determined to date. To determine the possible roles of AQP1 in the pathogenesis of HPH and explore its possible mechanisms.

Approach and Results—

Aqp1
knockout mice were used, and HPH model was established in this study. Primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, primary mouse lung endothelial cells, and lung tissue sections from HPH model were used. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration analysis were performed in this study. AQP1 expression was upregulated by chronic hypoxia exposure, both in pulmonary artery endothelia and medial smooth muscle layer of mice.
Aqp1
deficiency attenuated the elevation of right ventricular systolic pressures and mitigated pulmonary vascular structure remodeling. AQP1 deletion reduced abnormal cell proliferation in pulmonary artery and accompanied with accumulation of HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor). In vitro,
Aqp1
deletion reduced hypoxia-induced proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and migration ability of primary cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and repressed HIF-1α protein stability. Furthermore,
Aqp1
deficiency protected lung endothelial cells from apoptosis in response to hypoxic injury.

Conclusions—

Our data showed that
Aqp1
deficiency could attenuate hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling in the development of HPH. AQP1 may be a potential target for pulmonary hypertension treatment.
Hyperoxia-Induced ΔR
1
Authors: Suh Ji-Yeon , Cho Gyunggoo , Song Youngkyu , Woo Dong-Cheol , Choi Yoon Seok , Ryu Eun Kyung , Park Bum Woo , Shim Woo Hyun , Kim Young Ro , Kim Jeong Kon
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose—

Acceleration of longitudinal relaxation under hyperoxic challenge (ie, hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
) indicates oxygen accumulation and reflects baseline tissue oxygenation. We evaluated the feasibility of hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
for evaluating cerebral oxygenation status and degree of ischemic damage in stroke.

Methods—

In 24-hour transient stroke rat models (n=13), hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
, ischemic severity (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]), vasogenic edema (R
2
), total and microvascular blood volume (superparamagnetic iron oxide-driven ΔR
2
* and ΔR
2
, respectively), and glucose metabolism activity (
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography) were measured. The distribution of these parameters according to hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
was analyzed. The partial pressure of tissue oxygen change during hyperoxic challenge was measured using fiberoptic tissue oximetry. In 4-hour stroke models (n=6), ADC and hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
was analyzed with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining being a criterion of infarction.

Results—

Ischemic hemisphere showed significantly higher hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
than nonischemic brain in a pattern depending on ADC. During hyperoxic challenge, ischemic hemisphere demonstrated uncontrolled increase of partial pressure of tissue oxygen, whereas contralateral hemisphere rapidly plateaued. Ischemic hemisphere also demonstrated significant correlation between hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
and R
2
. Hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
showed a significant negative correlation with
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. The ADC, R
2
, ΔR
2
, and
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake showed a dichotomized distribution according to the hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
as their slopes and values were higher at low hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
(<50 ms
−1
) than at high ΔR
1
. In 4-hour stroke rats, the distribution of ADC according to the hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
was similar with 24-hour stroke rats. The hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
was greater in the infarct area (47±10 ms
−1
) than in peri-infarct area (16±4 ms
−1
;
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—

Hyperoxia-induced ΔR
1
adequately indicates cerebral oxygenation and can be a feasible biomarker to classify the degree of ischemia-induced damage in neurovascular function and metabolism in stroke brain.
Association of Kidney Function With 30-Day and 1-Year Poststroke Mortality and Hospital Readmission
Authors: El Husseini Nada , Fonarow Gregg C. , Smith Eric E. , Ju Christine , Sheng Shubin , Schwamm Lee H. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Schulte Phillip J. , Xian Ying , Goldstein Larry B.
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose—

Kidney dysfunction is common among patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke. Understanding the association of kidney disease with poststroke outcomes is important to properly adjust for case mix in outcome studies, payment models and risk-standardized hospital readmission rates.

Methods—

In this cohort study of fee-for-service Medicare patients admitted with ischemic stroke to 1579 Get With The Guidelines-Stroke participating hospitals between 2009 and 2014, adjusted multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the independent associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and dialysis status with 30-day and 1-year postdischarge mortality and rehospitalizations.

Results—

Of 204 652 patients discharged alive (median age [25th–75th percentile] 80 years [73.0–86.0], 57.6% women, 79.8% white), 48.8% had an eGFR ≥60, 26.5% an eGFR 45 to 59, 16.3% an eGFR 30 to 44, 5.1% an eGFR 15 to 29, 0.6% an eGFR <15 without dialysis, and 2.8% were receiving dialysis. Compared with eGFR ≥60, and after adjusting for relevant variables, eGFR <45 was associated with increased 30-day mortality with the risk highest among those with eGFR <15 without dialysis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.66–2.63). An eGFR <60 was associated with increased 1-year poststroke mortality that was highest among patients on dialysis (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 2.49–2.81). Dialysis was also associated with the highest 30-day and 1-year rehospitalization rates (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.95–2.26 and HR, 2.55; 95% CI, 2.44–2.66, respectively) and 30-day and 1-year composite of mortality and rehospitalization (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.90–2.18 and HR, 2.46; 95% CI, 2.36–2.56, respectively).

Conclusions—

Within the first year after index hospitalization for ischemic stroke, eGFR and dialysis status on admission are associated with poststroke mortality and hospital readmissions. Kidney function should be included in risk-stratification models for poststroke outcomes.