bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teoria geral unificada dos campos físico, mental e social
Authors: Souto Cláudio
Published: January 2019

Este estudo introduz uma teoria unificada de amplitude máxima. Seu desenvolvimento repousa sobre o pressuposto fático de que os espaços (campos) físico, mental e social são inseparáveis e só se separam por abstração. Este pressuposto facilita a formulação desta teoria unificada de espaços, ao que parece sem precedente. 5 postulados (ou axiomas) são induzidos da realidade e 23 teoremas são deduzidos dos postulados. Conforme o protocolo científico da rigorosa construção teórica axiomática, nenhum postulado é deduzido de outros postulados e os postulados são necessariamente em pequeno número. Todas as proposições seriam comprovadas ou comprováveis por pesquisa empírica. É de notar que há um máximo de complexidade nos espaços mental e social, sobretudo no espaço social, que é derivação do mental -- daí a redução teórica dos espaços físico, mental e social não ultrapassar um estágio apenas tentativo. A teoria apresentada é determinística e, como tal, não abandona o terreno da probabilidade, no máximo é apenas altamente provável.
Effect of mHealth With Offline Antiobesity Treatment in a Community-Based Weight Management Program: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Youngin , Oh Bumjo , Shin Hyun-Young
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Weight loss interventions using mobile phone apps have recently shown promising results.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to analyze the short-term weight loss effect of a mobile coaching intervention when it is integrated with a local public health care center and a regional hospital’s antiobesity clinic as a multidisciplinary model.

METHODS

A total of 150 overweight or obese adults signed up to complete an 8-week antiobesity intervention program with human coaching through a mobile platform. Paired t tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify the intervention factors related to weight change.

RESULTS

Among the 150 participants enrolled in this study, 112 completed the 8-week weight loss intervention. Weight (baseline: mean 77.5 kg, SD 12.9; after intervention: mean 74.8 kg, SD 12.6; mean difference −2.73 kg), body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass (baseline: mean 28.3 kg, SD 6.6; after intervention: mean 25.7 kg, SD 6.3; mean difference −2.65 kg), and fat percentage all showed a statistically significant decrease, and metabolic equivalent of task (MET) showed a statistically significant increase after intervention. In multiple linear regression analysis, age (beta=.07; P=.06), △MET (beta=−.0009; P=.10), number of articles read (beta=−.01; P=.04), and frequency of weight records (beta=−.05; P=.10; R2=0.4843) were identified as significant factors of weight change. Moreover, age (beta=.06; P=.03), sex (female; beta=1.16; P=.08), △MET (beta=−.0009; P<.001), and number of articles read (beta=−.02; P<.001; R2=0.3728) were identified as significant variables of fat mass change.

CONCLUSIONS

The multidisciplinary approach, combining a mobile health (mHealth) care app by health care providers, was effective for short-term weight loss. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of mHealth care apps in obesity treatment.
Does a deposit insurance scheme induce moral hazard among bankers? Evidence from an experiment with bankers
Authors: Sahadewo Gumilang Aryo , Purwanto Bernardinus Maria , Pradiptyo Rimawan
Published: January 2019

The implementation of a deposit insurance scheme entails a trade off. On one hand, as shown in theoretical and empirical studies, a deposit insurance scheme reduces the likelihood of a bank run. On the other hand, a deposit insurance scheme induces moral hazard among bankers that may lead to bank failures. We rigorously test the effect of different deposit coverage limit and the implementation of a differential premium treatment on bankers’ behaviors in the deposit and credit market. We do so by designing a laboratory experiment that involves real bankers as participants. We find that the coverage limit treatments do not have any effect on deposit rate offer. Nevertheless, we find that a high deposit coverage limit induces smaller banks to have a higher share of risky projects. This is evidence of moral hazard particularly among small banks.
MACRONONE, A NOVEL DIEPOXYLIGNAN FROM BARK OF MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Matsjeh Sabirin , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Anwar Chairil
Published: January 2019

Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) which is belong to family of Thymelaeaceae is one of Indonesian traditional medicines. Chemical constituent has been isolated from bark of mahkota dewa. Sample was extracted with methanol. Concentrated methanol extract was extracted by n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. A Compound that separated and purified by column chromatography from ethyl acetate extract is a red spherical crystal (m.p. 94-95 °C). Its spot gave yellow fluorescence at TLC plate (UV366) and has optical rotation of -9.3°(c. 2 mg/mL, methanol). Structure elucidation by UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and NMR 2 dimension (HMQC, COSY, HMBC and DEPT-135) spectroscopy show that the compound gives a name macronone. Computational chemistry calculation using Hyperchem on the level of semiempirical method PM3 was confirmed the conformation of macronone. DPPH method shows that macronone has lower antioxidant activity compare to the ethyl acetate extract.
THE ADDITION EFFECT OF SULPHANILIC ACID TO THE SYNTHESIS OF 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYBENZALDEHYDE
Authors: Fatimah Feti , Gugule Sanusi
Published: January 2019

It was conducted a research about the addition effect of sulphanilic acid to the synthesis 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde from the isosafrole using reagents of sodium dichromate, sulphuric acid, and sulphanilic acid. The separation and purification of product were performed using the chromatography column. The purity of the result was tested using thin layer chromatography and determination of the melting point. Furthermore, it was identified its structure using infrared spectrophotometer, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. The experimental result showed that the percentage yield of 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde with addition sulphanilic acid was 79.54%.
THE OPTIMIZATION OF ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS FOR LAUROYL-N-METHYL GLUCAMIDE SURFACTANTS
Authors: Masyithah Zuhrina , Sembiring Seri Bima , Alfian Zul , Herawan Tjahjono
Published: January 2019

The optimization of enzymatic synthesis for lauroyl-N-methyl glucamide surfactants is studied. The fraction of palm kernel oil namely lauric acid (AL) was amidificationed with N-methyl glucamine (MGL) to produce lauroyl-N-methyl glucamide. Study was carried out by using immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozyme 435®), and tert-amylalcohol as a solvent. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a five level, three variable design was employed, firstly, for studying the interactive effect of various parameters on the reaction, and secondly, for the optimization. The reaction parameters observed were Novozyme concentration, substrate molar ratio, and temperature. Simultaneously increasing Novozyme concentration, substrate molar ratio, and temperature improves the reaction yield and the effect of temperature is noted more significant. The expected optimum condition was at molar ratio MGL:AL 1:1, the Novozyme concentration of 8% and the reaction temperature of 50-55 °C. The reactions at the optimum condition produce the convertion of lauric acid of 64.5% and yield of 96.5%. With the optimization procedure the higher alkyl glucamide yield was achieved.
EFFECT OF CROSSLINKING TO THE MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF APATITE GELATIN HYBRID FOR BONE SUBSTITUTION PURPOSES
Authors: Sunarso Sunarso , Sutarno Sutarno , Tsuru Kanji , Ana Ika Dewi , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: January 2019

The clinical success of current generation of synthetic bone substitute relies on bio-inspired design which has a performance level close to that of natural one. In this context, biomedical approaches are considered very important to result bio-functional hybrid for bone substitution purposes. In this study, effect of cross-linking to the mechanical properties of apatite gelatin hybrid has been investigated. Cross-linking was employed by 1-ethyl-3-3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC) agent. The EDC agent creates a peptide bond between gelatin molecules inside the hybrid to the cross-linked structure. Cross-linked structure of gelatin increases physical property of the hybrid since it can hold the outer forces longer than that of without cross-linking.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE Cd(II) BASED ON CHITOSAN IN PVC MEMBRANE
Authors: Panggabean A. Sentosa
Published: January 2019

Preparation of the chitosan membrane of ion-selective electrode for determination of cadmium ion has been conducted. Chitosan is a natural polymer containing nitrogen could coordinate with Cd2+ to increase the membrane conductivity value. Chitosan is a principal material and mixed with polyvinylchloride (PVC) as matrix dissolved previously to solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dioctylphenylphosphonate (DOPP) is added as plasticizer by proportion chitosan:PVC:DOPP (6:3:1). To obtain the dopant optimum concentration, membrane was dipped in Cd2+ for 7 days and its conductivity value was measured using the four-point probe method. From FT-IR spectrum the peaks of amine, acetylamide and hydroxy groups wavelength number was observed to assure that Cd2+ bound to the chitosan. The optimum concentration of Cd2+ dopant was obtained at 1.00 M with conductivity value of 549.45 ohm-1m-1 wich gave a Nernstian factor of 32.03 mV/decade with the detection limit of 2.512 x 10-5 M. The electrodes work in the pH range 3 - 7. The life time of the electrode was 8 weeks. The ions of Ni2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cl- and SO42- toward concentration range 10-3 M gave response did not interfere in the determine of Cd2+ ion.
A NEW PHENOLIC COMPOUND FROM ACETONE EXTRACT OF LICHEN Usnea flexuosa Tayl.
Authors: Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Cahyana A. Herry , Suwarso Wahyudi Priyono
Published: January 2019

Natural product, 2'-hydroxy-1'-(4-hydroxyl-5-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-ethanon, (1), was isolated from the thalli lichen Usnea flexuosa Tayl. together with the known (-) - usnic acid (2). The structure of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by the spectroscopic studies.
PHOTOSTABILITY OF BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL a AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL SENSITIZERS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC CANCER THERAPY: THE STUDY ON ACETONE-WATER AND METHANOL-WATER SOLVENTS
Authors: Limantara Leenawaty , Heriyanto Heriyanto
Published: January 2019

The determination of photostability for Mg-BChl a, Zn-BPheo a and Cu-BPheo a irradiated with red light (≥ 630 nm, 870 lux) and equilibrated with air for 20 min in acetone-water and methanol-water solvents at various percentages of water has been done. The presence of light and oxygen in the pigment solution cause the pigment instable. The pigment stability toward photooxidation is extremely influenced by solvent properties, including oxidation potential value and solvent abilities to form coordination and aggregate. Degradation products of pigment during irradiation treatment can be detected by increment of absorption at the absorption spectrum or occurrence of new positive absorption bands at the different absorption spectra. Cu-BPheo a is a promising photosensitizer based on its stability toward photooxidation in acetone-water solvents.
ADSORPTION OF Pb(II), Cd(II), AND Cr(III) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY POLY-5-ALLYL-CALIX[4]ARENE TETRA CARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: Handayani Desi Suci , Jumina Jumina , Siswanta Dwi , Mustofa Mustofa , Ohto Keisuke , Kawakita Hidetaka
Published: January 2019

The aim research is application of poly-5-allyl-calix[4]arene tetra carboxylic acid as adsorbent of heavy metal cations. Adsorption was carried out towards Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions in batch system. Several variables including pH, contact time and initial concentration of metal ions were determined. The optimum adsorption conditions were achieved at pH 6.0 for Cd(II) and Cr(III), while at pH 5.5 for Pb(II) ions. In addition, the optimum contact time of Pb (II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ion adsorption were 180 min. The adsorption kinetics of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions using the calixarene polymer adsorbent followed a pseudo 2nd order kinetics model, with adsorption rate constants of 2x10-2; 5x10-3, and 3.1x10-2 g mole-1 min-1, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions tends to follow the Freundlich isotherm, whereas the adsorption of Cr (III) tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) metal ions were 104.04, 61.78 and 228.69 μmole/g, with adsorption energy of 24.87; 21.62 and 31.07 KJ/mole, respectively.
NOVEL DESIGN OF CALANONE DERIVATIVES AS ANTI-LEUKEMIA COMPOUNDS BASED ON QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS
Authors: Iswanto Ponco , Chasani Mochammad , Harjono Harjono , Tahir Iqmal , Hanafi Muhammad , Vaulina YD Eva
Published: January 2019

Leukemia drug discovery based on calanone compound was conducted in previous research and produced 6 calanone derivatives. Most of them have lower activities against leukemia cell L1210 than pure calanone. A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis is conducted in this work to find more active calanone derivatives. Six compounds were used as the material of the research because they already have anti-leukemia activity data expressed in Inhibitory Concentration of Fifty Percent Cell Lethal (IC50, in mg/mL). Calculation of predictors was performed by AM1 semiempirical method. QSAR equation is determined using Principle Component Regression (PCR) analysis, with Log IC50 as dependent variable. Independent variables (predictors) are atomic net charges, dipole moment (m), and coefficient partition of n-octanol/water (Log P). This work recommends 3 novel designs of calanone derivatives that may have higher activities (in mg/mL) than those already available, i.e. gemdiol calanone (57.78), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone calanone (30.94) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenylhydrazone calanone (18.96).
ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF ETHANOL USING Ni-Co-PVC COMPOSITE ELECTRODE
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto , Othman Mohamed Rozali , Salimon Jumat
Published: January 2019

The morphological characteristics and electrochemical behavior of nickel metal foil (Ni), nickel-polyvinyl chloride (Ni-PVC) and nickel-cobalt-polyvinyl chloride (Ni-Co-PVC) electrodes in alkaline solution has been investigated. The morphological characteristics of the electrode surface were studied using SEM and EDS, while the electrochemical behavior of the electrodes was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was found that composite electrodes (Ni-PVC and Ni-Co-PVC) have a porous, irregular and rough surface. In situ studies using electrochemical technique using those three electrodes exhibited electrochemical activity for redox system, as well as selectivity in the electrooxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. The studies also found that an electrokinetics and electrocatalytic activity behaviors of the electrodes prepared were Ni metal foil
SORPTION AND DISPERSION OF STRONTIUM RADIONUCLIDE IN THE BENTONITE-QUARTZ-CLAY AS BACKFILL MATERIAL CANDIDATE ON RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY
Authors: Poernomo Herry
Published: January 2019

The experiment of sorption and dispersion characteristics of strontium in the mixture of bentonite-quartz, clay-quartz, bentonite-clay-quartz as candidate of raw material for backfill material in the radioactive waste repository has been performed. The objective of this research is to know the grain size effect of bentonite, clay, and quartz on the weight percent ratio of bentonite to quartz, clay to quartz, bentonite to clay to-quartz can be gives physical characteristics of best such as bulk density (rb), effective porosity (e), permeability (K), best sorption characteristic such as distribution coefficient (Kd), and best dispersion characteristics such as dispersivity (a) and effective dispersion coefficient (De) of strontium in the backfill material candidate. The experiment was carried out in the column filled by the mixture of bentonite-quartz, clay-quartz, bentonite-clay-quartz with the weight percent ratio of bentonite to quartz, clay to quartz, bentonite to clay to quartz of 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100 respectively at saturated condition of water, then flowed 0.1 N Sr(NO3)2 as buffer solution with tracer of 0.05 Ci/cm3 90Sr as strontium radionuclide simulation was leached from immobilized radioactive waste in the radioactive waste repository. The concentration of 90Sr in the effluents represented as Ct were analyzed by Ortec b counter every 30 min, then by using profile concentration of Co and Ct, values of Kd, a and De of 90Sr in the backfill material was determined. The experiment data showed that the best results were -80+120 mesh grain size of bentonite, clay, quartz respectively on the weight percent ratio of bentonite to clay to quartz of 70/10/20 with physical characteristics of rb = 0.658 g/cm3, e = 0.666 cm3/cm3, and K = 1.680x10-2 cm/sec, sorption characteristic of Kd = 46.108 cm3/g, dispersion characteristics of a = 5.443 cm, and De = 1.808x10-03 cm2/sec can be proposed as candidate of raw material of backfill material in the radioactive waste repository.
DETERMINATION OF CARBAMATE PESTICIDES USING A BIOSENSOR BASED ON ENZYME ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND CHOLIN OXIDASE ON PLATINUM ELECTRODE
Authors: Mashuni Mashuni , Syahrul M. , Ahmad A. , Wahab A. W.
Published: January 2019

In recent years, instead of their potential hazard to human health, carbamic pesticides are widely used in agriculture. Therefore, there is a growing interest in rapid and accurate determination for food safety and environmental monitoring. The aim of this research is to designs a biosensor for analyzing carbamate pesticides residue in sample with composite variables of glutaraldehyde (GA) concentration in electrode membrane. Enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was co-immobilised with choline oxidase (ChO) onto a platinum (Pt) surface using a solution of 5%, 10%, 15% cellulose acetate and 25% glutaraldehyde. The result of this research show that detection limit of the sensor using cellulose acetate 5%, 10 % and 15 % are 10-7.7 M, 10-8.7 M and 10-7.6 M respectively. The results are approximately equal to 2.2 ppb-0.2 ppb, which means that this biosensor is very sensitive for determining carbamates pesticides residue. Detection limit of biosensors are comparable to that of the conventional instrument such as Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), i.e. 1.5 ppb and 2.0 ppb respectively. The proposed electrochemical pesticide sensitivity test exhibited high sensitivity, desirable accuracy, low cost and simplified procedure.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY TEST OF Ni-Mo/NATURAL ZEOLITE ON PYRIDINE HYDRODENITROGENATION
Authors: Kadarwati Sri , Wahyuni Sri , Trisunaryanti Wega , Triyono Triyono
Published: January 2019

Preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity test of Ni-Mo/natural zeolite on pyridine hydrodenitrogenation were carried out. Preparation of catalyst was conducted by impregnation method using nickel nitrate hexahydrate and ammonium heptamolibdate precursor as Ni and Mo source respectively. Characterization of catalyst was conducted by using gravimetry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and X-ray diffraction method. Catalytic activity test on pyridine hydrodenitrogenation was carried out by using flow system reactor with hydrogen flow rate variable. The research results showed that the catalyst's total acidity and crystallinity are increased with level of impregnation success of 96.71% and 90.08% respectively. Ni-Mo/natural zeolites able to increase the catalytic conversion up to 71.78% at 350 °C and hydrogen flow rate of 10 mL/min with more highly varied product distribution. Assuming that the pyridine hydrodenitrogenation follows the pseudo first order kinetics.
DOCKING OF 1-PHENYLSULFONAMIDE-3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-5-PARABROMOPHENYL-PYRAZOLE TO CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 USING PLANTS
Authors: Prasojo Stefanus Layli , Hartanto Fajar Agung Dwi , Yuniarti Nunung , Ikawati Zullies , Istyastono Enade Perdana
Published: January 2019

The docking protocols to virtually screen selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) ligands using PLANTS docking software were developed and validated. The crystal structure of 1-phenylsulfonamide-3-trifluoromethyl-5-parabromophenyl-pyrazole (S58) binds to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was used as the reference structure. The developed protocols could predict the binding pose of S58 to COX-2 accurately (RMSD is 1.2 Ǻ).
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THIAZOLE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING TRIAZOLE MOIETY USING LiBr AS A CATALYST
Authors: Ameta Chetna , Sitha Diwaker , Ameta Rajat , Ameta Suresh C.
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of triazole derivatives from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole has been achieved in four steps under microwave irradiation. LiBr potentially replace solvents and corrosive acids in this reaction scheme. The products of triazole derivatives have shown antimicrobial activity.
THE ADDITION OF PETROLEUM BENZIN IN MIXING OF CRUDE PALM OIL AND METHANOL ON BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Fadhillah F , Supranto Supranto , Prasetya A.
Published: January 2019

Research on transesterification of crude palm oil (CPO) using petroleum benzin as solvent has been done. This research aims to determine the optimum concentration of catalyst KOH and NaOH, mole ratio of methanol to oil, volume ratio of solvent to oil, and temperature range of solvent. This research also observes the influence of changing in methanol concentration and levels of palm oil free fatty acids (FFA) on biodiesel production. In this research, transesterification was preceded by esterification for 10 min using sulphuric acid catalyst. The results showed that KOH gave better results than NaOH as catalyst with optimum concentration was 1.75% (w/v). Mole ratio of methanol to palm oil optimum was 6:1, and volume ratio of solvent to palm oil optimum was 2:5. Optimum temperature range of the solvent was 70-90 °C. Decreasing on concentration of methanol, and increasing of free fatty acids (FFA) level gave negative impact on the biodiesel production, more over on transesterification without solvent. The characteristics (phosphor content, density, water content, ash content, carbon residue, energy content and chemical components) of biodiesel which was produced using petroleum benzin relatively similar to biodiesel produced in the normal way (without solvent). Decreasing on concentration of methanol, and increasing on level of free fatty acids (FFA) gave a negative impact on the biodiesel, more over on transesterification without solvent. Keywords: transesterification, CPO, solvent, petroleum benzin
BIOACTIVITY AND CLONING OF A NEW ANTIBACTERIAL LECTIN PROTEIN IN SPONGE Gelliodes sp. FROM BARANGLOMPO ISLAND IN SOUTH SULAWESI INDONESIA TERRESTRIAL
Authors: Usman Hanapi , Budi Prastawa , Ahmad Ahyar
Published: January 2019

A research on antibacterial bioactivity of protein fraction isolated from several species of sponges of Barang Lompo Island has been conducted. Pre-purification of protein using fractional method, showed maximum bioactivity with the inhibition zone of 26 mm to Salmonella typhy from sponge Gelliodes sp. with the saturation level of ammonium sulfate of 40-60%. Further purification of this fraction using column chromatography followed by protein sequencing, indicated that pure protein as lectin, and behaves as a single-band on SDS-PAGE with molecular weight of 21 kDa. Based on amino acids partial sequence, we cloned and sequenced cDNA encoding lectin protein. It consists of 552 nucleotides encoding 183 amino acid residues including a putative initiation Met. To obtain it in large amounts, the coding sequence of lectin was cloned into pGEX-2TK vector and expression as a lectin fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Recombinant lectin exhibited a similar antibacterial activity to the native lectin. The recombinant lectin had stronger antibacterial activity toward S. typhy and S. aureus (G+) with the diameters of inhibition zone were 16 mm and 17 mm, respectively. This research might provide significant results for the following research on the antibacterial action in molecular level of lectin protein from marine sponges. Keywords: sponge, Gelliodes sp., lectin, Recombinant protein, antibacterial activity
EFFECTS OF DIETARY ADENINE ON GROWTH, LIPID SECRETION, AND LIVER LIPID CONTENT
Authors: Buang Yohanes
Published: January 2019

The effects of dietary adenine on growth, lipid secretion, and liver lipid contents were studied. Rats were paired-fed 0.25 % adenine diet or a diet without adenine for 10 days. The final body weight and relative liver weight were recorded. Serum lipid profiles were measured using enzyme assay kits. Lipids of liver tissues were extracted and the lipid contents were determined. A peach of liver was prepared to determine the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acid β-oxidation. The results showed that animals fed an adenine diet reduced slightly body weight and relative liver weight and promoted serum triglyceride (TG), phospholipids (PL), total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein concentrations. Their promotions were approximately by 74%, 20%, 27%, and 27%, respectively. The liver PL content increased significantly whereas the promotions of liver TG and cholesterol failed to reach significant level. Furthermore, the FAS activity slightly stimulated, but fatty acid β-oxidation significantly decreased. In conclusion: dietary adenine suppressed slightly growth of body weight and relative liver weight but promoted secretion of lipid compounds from liver tissue into extra-hepatic and liver PL content. The enzyme activity of lipogenic was slightly stimulated whereas the lipolytic was significantly inhibited.   Keywords: adenine, serum lipid, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, cholesterol
ADSORPTION OF Am-241, Cs-137 AND Sr-90 RADIONUCLIDES WITH BENTONITE-HUMIC ACID IMMOBILIZED YIELD
Authors: Basuki Kris Tri , Muzakky Muzakky
Published: January 2019

Adsorption of Am-241, Cs-137 and Sr-90 radionuclides to bentonite-humic acid immobilized yield have been done. The aims of this study are (1) making of adsorbent materials from resulted immobilization humic acid into bentonite mineral, and it's characterization with spectroscopy infrared and X-ray diffractometer and (2) adsorption of Am-241, Cs-137 and Sr-90 radionuclides into bentonite mineral as adsorbent at various pH. Experiments showed that result of immobilization of bentonite-humic acid were optimum at 100 g bentonite, 60 g humic acid, 0.1 M NaNO3 ionic strength, and 2.5 pH. At the optimum condition bentonite could be bonded by the functional COOH from humic acid maximum equal to 75.2%. Base on infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer showed that humic acid can immobilized into bentonite to form of bentonite-humic acid alloy. Application of adsorbent bentonite-humic acid immobilized yield to adsorb radionuclides of Am-241, Cs-137 and of Sr-90, showed that can adsorb at the range of pH 3 until 10. The phenomenon adsorption as species radionuclides was predicted by ";;Visual minteq";; software. By each the feeds of radionuclide 0.001 mMol/L, 0.1 M NaNO3 ionic strength and pH 5 showed that bentonite-humic acid can adsorb radionuclides 98.50-99.1% of Am-241, Cs-137, and Sr-90.   Keywords: immobilisation, adsorption, infra red spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer
USE OF NANOSIZED CHROMIUM DOPED TiO2 SUPPORTED ON ZEOLITE FOR METHYLENE BLUE DEGRADATION
Authors: Ameta Aarti , Bhati Indu , Ameta Rakshit , Ameta Suresh C.
Published: January 2019

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light has been investigated using chromium modified titanium dioxide supported on zeolite (Cr-TiO2/zeolite). The photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction and SEM. The rate of photodegradation of dye was monitored spectrophotometrically. The effect of pH, dye concentration, amount of photocatalyst and intensity of light on the rate of photocatalytic reaction was observed. The results showed that the use of Cr-doped TiO2 increased the rate of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue as compared to untreated TiO2. The photocatalytic mechanism of Cr-TiO2 catalyst has been tentatively discussed.   Keywords: Methylene blue, zeolite, chromium, photocatalytic degradation
USFDA-GUIDELINE BASED VALIDATION OF TESTING METHOD FOR RIFAMPICIN IN INDONESIAN SERUM SPECIMEN
Authors: Raharjo Tri Joko , Wahyudi Tri , Sismindari Sismindari
Published: January 2019

Regarding a new regulation from Indonesia FDA (Badan POM-RI), all new non patent drugs should show bioequivalence with the originator drug prior to registration. Bioequivalence testing (BE-testing) has to be performed to the people that represented of population to which the drug to be administrated. BE testing need a valid bio-analytical method for certain drug target and group of population. This research report specific validation of bio-analysis of Rifampicin in Indonesian serum specimen in order to be used for BE testing. The extraction was performed using acetonitrile while the chromatographic separation was accomplished on a RP 18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm), with a mobile phase composed of KH2PO4 10 mM-Acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) and UV detection was set at 333 nm. The method shown specificity compared to blank serum specimen with retention time of rifampicin at 2.1 min. Lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.06 µg/mL with dynamic range up to 20 µg/mL (R>0.990). Precision of the method was very good with coefficient of variance (CV) 0.58; 7.40 and 5.56% for concentration at 0.06, 5, 15 µg/mL, respectively. Accuracies of the method were 3.22; 1.94; 1.90% for concentration 0.06, 5 and 15 µg/mL respectively. The average recoveries were 97.82, 95.50 and 97.31% for concentration of rifampicin 1, 5 and 5 µg/mL, respectively. The method was also shown reliable result on stability test on freezing-thawing, short-term and long-term stability as well as post preparation stability. Validation result shown that the method was ready to be used for Rifampicin BE testing with Indonesian subject.   Keywords: Rifampicin, Validation, USFDA-Guideline
FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BaBi4Ti4O15 DOPED WITH Pb2+, Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, Ta5+ AURIVILLIUS PHASES
Authors: Rosyidah Afifah , Onggo Djulia , Khairurrijal Khairurrijal , Ismunandar Ismunandar
Published: January 2019

In recent years, the ferroelectric properties of aurivillius oxides have attracted interest and an extensive amount of work has been done toward the realization of their potential application in nonvolatile memories (FeRAM: ferroelectric random access memory). Recently, we have carried out computer simulation in atomic scale in order to predict the energies associated with the accommodation of aliovalent and isovalent dopants (Pb2+, Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, Ta5+) in the aurivillius structure of BaBi4Ti4O15. In this work, the predicted stable phases were synthesized using solid state reactions and their products then were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction method. The cell parameters were determined using Rietveld refinement in orthorhombic system with space group of A21am. Results from the ferroelectric properties measurement of BaBi4Ti4O15 were also presented. The cell parameters for BaBi4Ti4O15 doped with Pb2+, Al3+, Ga3+,In3+, Ta5+ were a = 5.47116(4) b = 5.45636(5) c = 41.8649(3) Å; a = 5.47104(4) b = 5.45634(4) c = 41.8640(3) Å; a = 5.47112(4) b = 5.45648(4) c = 41.8643(3) Å; a = 5.47111(4) b = 5.45645(5) c = 41.8649(3) Å; and a = 5.47134(4) b = 5.45588(4) c = 41.8639(5) Å. The ferroelectric properties measurement for BaBi4Ti4O15 doped with Pb2+, Al3+, Ga3+,In3+, Ta5+ showed that the Pr = 15.225 mC/cm2, Ec = 33.96 kV/cm; Pr = 15.925 mC/cm2, Ec = 35.724 kV/cm; Pr = 16.625 mC/cm2, Ec = 36.504 kV/cm; Pr = 15.57 mC/cm2, Ec = 32.925 kV/cm; Pr = 17.2827 mC/cm2, Ec = 37.44 kV/cm.   Keywords: Aurivillius phase; Rietveld refinement; Ferroelectric properties; BaBi4Ti4O15
METHYL MERCURY PRODUCTION IN NATURAL-COLLECTED SEDIMENT WITH DIFFERENT GEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Lasut Markus T. , Rares Hardin F. , Yasuda Yoshiaki
Published: January 2019

Production of methyl mercury (MeHg) has been shown in laboratory experiments using mercuric chloride (HgCl2) compound released into natural-collected sediments with different geochemical conditions. While the HgCl2 concentration was 30 µl of 113 ppm of HgCl2, the geochemical conditions [pH, salinity, total organic content (TOC), sulfur] of sampled sediments were A: 8.20, 0.00 ppt, 1.97%, and 0.92 ppt, respectively; B: 7.90, 2.00 ppt, 4.69%, and 1.98 ppt, respectively; and C: 8.20, 24.00 ppt, 1.32 %, and 90.90 ppt, respectively. A control was set with no HgCl2. Samples and control were incubated in room temperature of 27 ± 1 °C. Observations were done along 9 days with interval of 3 days. While total Hg was measured using mercury analyzer with Cold Vapor-Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophometer (CV-AAS) system, MeHg was measured by using a gas chromatograph with ECD detector after extracted by dithizone-sodium sulfide extraction method. The result shows that MeHg was found in both treatment and control experiments. The concentrations of the MeHg varied according to the geochemical condition of the sampled sediments. Peak production of MeHg occurred on the third day; however, the production was not significantly affected by the incubation time. Optimum production was found inversely related to the pH, in which highest and lowest the pH formed an ineffectively methylated mercury species. The TOC was significantly correlated to the optimum production. Salinity and sulfate contents were found not correlated to the optimum of MeHg production.   Keywords: Methyl mercury; methylation process; sediment; biogeochemistry
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE [Fe(en)2(NCS)2] COMPLEX WITH REPARAMETERIZED DENSITY FUNCTIONALS
Authors: Male Yusthinus T. , Onggo Djulia , Martoprawiro Muhamad A. , Ismunandar Ismunandar
Published: January 2019

Quantum chemical studies have been carried out on the Fe(en)2(NCS)2 (en = ethylenediamine) complex both in low and high spin states (S = 0 and S = 2) using hybrid exchange-correlation functional (B3LYP) and non-hybrid method (BLYP). Calculations were performed in vacuum and in methanol to study the effect of cis-trans geometry on the structure and energy difference between low-spin (LS) and high-spin (HS) states of iron (II) complexes. Full geometry optimizations of the complexes show that hybrid method consistently gives higher energy difference between LS and HS states than the nonhybrid methods. Calculations with reparameterized density functional theory that showed more reasonable electronic energy splittings in previous research was also carried out. In addition, the computational study of Fe(en)2(NCS)2 in vacuum and methanol with PCM method showed that the complexes tend to adopt cis geometry. This geometry showed much less charge transfer in the substitutions of NCS- ligands compare to trans geometry.   Keywords: Electronic structure, spin states, density functional, frontiers orbitals
THE ADSORPTION OF Pb(II) AND Cr(III) BY POLYPROPYLCALIX[4]ARENE POLYMER
Authors: Utomo Suryadi Budi , Jumina Jumina , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi
Published: January 2019

A research has been conducted to investigate the adsorption behavior of Pb(II) and Cr(III) onto polypropylcalix[4]arene polymer. The polypropylcalix[4]arene polymer was synthesized in the presence of H2SO4 catalyst and chloroform under N2 condition for 5 h using 25-allyloxy-26,27,28-trihydroxycalyx[4]arene as the precursor. The Polymer was obtained as yellow crystal with melting point of  288-290 °C and its relative molecular weight was 44.810 g.mol-1. The application of polypropylcalix[4]arene for trapping heavy metal cations and its adsorption model were examined by stirring the suspension of the calixarene in the sample solutions for various pH, time, and concentration of Pb(II) and Cr(III) solution. Effect of pH on batch experiments for the mentioned ions indicated that the optimum pH for metal binding were 5 for lead(II) and chromium(III). The adsorption model of metal ions on polypropylcalix[4]arene followed both the pseudo second order adsorption of Ho's and Langmuir isotherm adsorption kinetics models with rate constant (k) were 6.81 x 101 min-1 for Pb(II) and 2.64 x 10-2 min-1 for Cr(III). The adsorption equilibrium constant, K, were 5.84 x 105 L.mol-1 for Pb(II) and 4.66 x 105 L.mol-1 for Cr(III). The maximum adsorption capacity of polypropylcalix[4]arene to Pb(II) and Cr(III) were 16.31 and 18.14 mg.g-1 with adsorption energy of 32.90 and 32.34 kJ.mol-1, respectively.   Keywords: polypropylcalix[4]arene, adsorption, Pb(II), and Cr(III)
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHYL GALLATE ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF Toona sureni
Authors: Ekaprasada M. Taufik , Nurdin Hazli , Ibrahim Sanusi , Dachriyanus Dachriyanus
Published: January 2019

An antioxidant compound has been isolated from the leaves of Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. The structure was determined to be methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate), based on UV-vis, FTIR, NMR and MS spectra. The isolated compound exhibited potent antioxidant activity in the α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test, with IC50 value 1.02 μg/mL.   Keywords: antioxidant activity, methyl gallate, Toona sureni
FRAGMENTATION STUDIES OF D6,7-ANHIDROERITROMISIN-A BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY (LC-MS)
Authors: Khairan Khairan , Jenie Umar A. , Sudibyo Retno S.
Published: January 2019

Semisynthesis of D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A was done by biomodification technique by addition of 0.2% INH into a culture fermentation of Saccharopolyspora erythraea ATCC 11635 in medium Hutchinson. The aim of this research is to studies of fragmentation pattern from new matabolite of D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) and the ionization of mass spectroscopy is use by ESI (Electrospray Ionization) pattern. The FT-IR spectrometric analyzes showed a stretching vibration of C=C conjugated group at wave number 1602.7 cm-1. This C=C conjugated vibration indicated the existence of double bond between C6 and C7 (D6,7), this confirmed that isolate contained D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A (the possibility of D6,7 was positive). For complementation, a LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) analyzes using ESI-MS (Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectroscopy) ionization pattern was conducted to the isolate which resulted Quassimolecular ions [M+H]+ of D7,8- and D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A. LC-MS spectrogram of the isolate, which gave two peaks of m/z 732.2460 and m/z 716.2522, confirmed that the m/z 732.2460 possibly was D7,8-Anhydroerythromycin-A, while the m/z 716.2502 and m/z 715.2522 possibly were D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A.   Keywords: isoniazid, enoyl reduction, D6,7-Anhidroeritromisin-A, fragmentation, LC-MS.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION THE NON-SULFIDED METAL CATALYST: Ni/USY and NiMo/USY
Authors: Nugrahaningtyas Khoirina Dwi , Trisunaryanti Wega , Triyono Triyono , Nuryono Nuryono , Widjonarko Dian Maruto , Yusnani Ari , Mulyani Mulyani
Published: January 2019

The two-new catalysts had been prepared by using the impregnation method according to Nugrahaningtyas [6] and Li [4]. One catalyst is of Nickel (Ni), supported on Ultra Stable Zeolite Y (USY), whereas the other one is NiMo supported on same supporting agent. These new catalysts are expected to be more effective when applied on the hydrotreatment reaction in standpoint of its capabilities on removing the unwanted-heteroatom. Characterization those two types of catalysts then carried out by using the criteria of acidity, porosity and, metal content. The result shows that these non-sulfide catalysts have several good characters that supporting their usefulness in hydrotreatment-catalytic reaction. In addition, catalyst NiMo/USY - 1 performs many ideal criteria as the best functional catalyst.   Keywords: Non-sulfided Catalyst, hydro-treating, preparation, characterization
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY TEST OF CoMo/ZnO CATALYST ON ETHANOL CONVERSION USING STEAM REFORMING METHOD
Authors: Trisunaryanti Wega , Handirofa Handirofa , Triyono Triyono , Purwono Suryo
Published: January 2019

Preparation, characterization and catalytic activity test of CoMo/ZnO catalyst for steam reforming of ethanol have been investigated. The catalysts preparation was carried out by impregnation of Co and/or Mo onto ZnO sample. Water excess was used in ethanol feed for steam reforming process under mol ratio of ethanol:water (1:10). Characterizations of catalysts were conducted by analysis of metal content using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Determination of catalysts acidity was conducted by gravimetric method of adsorption of pyridine base. Catalytic activity test on ethanol conversion using steam reforming method was conducted in a semi-flow reactor system, at a temperature of 400 oC, for 1.5 h under N2 flow rate of 10 mL/min. Gas product was analyzed by gas chromatograph with TCD system. The results of catalysts characterizations showed that the impregnation of Co and/or Mo metals on ZnO sample increased its acidity and specific surface area. The content of Co in Co/ZnO and CoMo/ZnO catalysts was 1.14 and 0.49 wt%. The Mo content in CoMo/ZnO catalyst was 0.36 wt%. The catalytic activity test result on ethanol conversion showed that the ZnO, Co/ZnO, and CoMo/ZnO catalysts produced gas fraction of 16.73, 28.53, and 35.53 wt%, respectively. The coke production of ZnO, Co/ZnO, and CoMo/ZnO catalysts was 0.86, 0.24, and 0.08 wt%, respectively. The gas products consisted mainly of hydrogen.   Keywords: CoMo/ZnO catalyst, steam reforming, ethanol
THE ROLE OF C-METHYL-4,10,16,22-TETRAMETOXY CALIX[4]ARENE AS INHIBITOR OF CALCIUM CARBONATE (CaCO3) SCALE FORMATION
Authors: Suharso Suharso , Buhani Buhani , Suhartati Tati
Published: January 2019

The role of C-methyl-4,10,16,22-tetrametoxy calix[4]arene as inhibitor of calcium carbonate scale formation has been investigated. The result shows that C-methyl-4,10,16,22-tetrametoxy calix[4]arene inhibits a formation of calcium carbobate crystals at a concentration of growth solution of 0.1 M. The ability of C-methyl-4,10,16,22-tetrametoxy calix[4]arene as inhibitor of the formation of calcium carbobate scale is 33-100% in inhibiting growth rate of CaCO3 scale formation. This ability depends on the concentration of C-methyl-4,10,16,22-tetrametoxy calix[4]arene added into growth solution. However, the addition of C-methyl-4,10,16,22-tetrametoxy calix[4]arene at a range of 10-100 ppm is a much enough in inhibiting the growth rate of CaCO3 crystals.   Keywords: tetrametoxycalixarene, CaCO3, inhibitor
MEASUREMENT OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC NUTRIENT IN EUPHOTIC ZONE THE BANTEN BAY
Authors: Alianto Alianto , Adiwilaga Enan M. , Damar Ario , Harris Enang
Published: January 2019

At a few this last years, measurement concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrient is has rapidlyed grow by using various methods. But method anything applied must based on at formation of indicator end of measurement amonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate and silicate. At measurement of amonia its indicator is formation of blue indophenol, nitrite formation of pink azo, nitrate formation of yellow colored solution, orthophosphate formation of blue molybdenum, and silicate based on formation of yellows silicomolibdate. The intensity of color that is highly dependent on the concentration of each element. Measurement of amonia blue indophenol intensity perfected concentration in the range 0.206-0.396 mg/L. Measurement nitrite the formation of a pink azo easy imperfect because its low concentration. Intensity measurements nitrate solution yellow perfect concentration in the range 0.128-0.989 mg/L. Measurement of imperfect blue molybdenum intensity orthophosphate because its low concentration. While measuring the formation silicate of yellow silicomolibdate  perfect concentration on the range 10.573-26.470 mg/L. As a whole from result of measurement is obtained chemical composition of dissolved inorganic nutrient in euphotic zone the Banten bay is more predominated by silicate 97.27%, nitrate 1.84%, amonia 0.49%, orthophosphate 0.20%, and nitrite 0.18%.   Keywords: blue indophenol, pink azo, yellow solution, blue molybdenum, yellow silicomolibdate
DETERMINATION OF MINERAL CONTAIN AND BACTERIA CONTAMINANT ON ORGANIC AND NONORGANIC FRESH VEGETABLES
Authors: Harsojo Harsojo , Mellawati June
Published: January 2019

The determination of mineral content and bacteria contaminant on fresh vegetable of long bean (Vegan ungulate Wall.), white cabbage (Basic tolerance L.), and lettuce (Lectuca sativa L.) that cultivated by organic and nonorganic system have been done. The mineral content has been analyzed using neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy method, while bacteria contaminant by total plate count number using Nutrient Agar, Mac Conkey Agar, Baird Parker medium, and Salmonella using selective medium. The results showed that there are some essential mineral such as Fe, Zn, Ca, Co, and nonessential mineral Cd. There is tendency that fresh vegetable that cultivated by organic system contained Fe, Zn, Ca, Co and Cd mineral less than nonorganic. The Zn mineral content in nonorganic of fresh vegetable were higher than the limit of threshold number from Health Department, Republic of Indonesia (2004), while Cd mineral in organic or nonorganic of fresh vegetable were greater then threshold number from Codex Alimentarius Commision. The measurement of bacteria contaminant on organic and nonorganic of fresh vegetables contained aerob, coli, and Staphylococcus bacteria in organic of fresh vegetables were less compared to nonorganic of fresh vegetables.   Keywords: mineral, bacteria aerob, coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, organic, and nonorganic vegetable, neutron activation
DIFFERENTIAL PULSE ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY FOR DETERMINATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN URANIUM
Authors: Saryati Saryati
Published: January 2019

The direct determination of some metals impurity in uranium by using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) method at a hanging mercury drop electrode and in a carbonate buffer media was developed. It was found that the carbonate buffer show the strongest affinity for uranium and gives the best separation between the DPASV peaks of heavy metals impurities. The carbonate concentration markedly affects the oxidation and reduction the major and the minor constituents of the uranium samples. In 0.1 M carbonate buffer solution pH 10, copper, bismuth, thalium, lead, cadmium, zinc, could be determined without the removal of the uranium matrix. Recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) of this method was in the range of 174% - 85.2% for recovery and 36.8% - 1.2% for RSD. The larger error of analytical result was obtained for Zn at low concentration. In general, the analytic results error and RSD decreased with increasing metals concentration.   Keywords: heavy metal determination, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, uranium